gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scope and mechanisms of peripherally generated regulatory T cell mediated suppression in inflammatory contexts (P1031) (2013)

Abstract The peripheral Treg population, which prevents fatal autoimmunity in mice and man, consists of Tregs that develop in the thymus (tTregs) and Tregs derived from naïve T cells in the periphery (pTregs). Mice with a specific deficiency in pTregs do not develop the spontaneous multi-organ autoimmunity observed in Treg deficient mice. Instead, specific deficiency in pTregs results in spontaneous Th2 inflammation at mucosal surfaces. While loss of pTreg cells under homeostatic conditions favors Th2 inflammation, we hypothesized that pTregs also participate in control of other types of inflammation, such as induced Th17 inflammation. In a mouse model that is prone to development of spontaneous intestinal Th17 disease, we observed that the absence of pTregs significantly exacerbated Th17 inflammation in intestinal tissues without affecting Th2 inflammation. Next we investigated the potential mechanisms of pTreg mediated T-helper type-specific immune regulation. Unlike tTregs, which enter the periphery as a dedicated suppressor T cell subset, pTregs arise from a precursor population that likely has broad T-helper lineage potential. Here we explore the alternative differentiation of would-be pTregs unable to induce Foxp3 to assess the role of pTreg differentiation as a mechanism of "T-helper immune detraction". Thus, we explore if Foxp3 induction in the periphery is essential to control a range of inappropriate inflammatory responses and the mechanisms by which this is achieved.
A Lipid-Coated Nanoconstruct Composed of Gold Nanoparticles Noncovalently Coated with Small Interfering RNA: Preparation, Purification and Characterization (2021)

There is an urgent need to develop systems for nucleic acid delivery, especially for the creation of effective therapeutics against various diseases. We have previously shown the feasibility of efficient delivery of small interfering RNA by means of gold nanoparticle-based multilayer nanoconstructs (MLNCs) for suppressing reporter protein synthesis. The present work is aimed at improving the quality of preparations of desired MLNCs, and for this purpose, optimal conditions for their multistep fabrication were found. All steps of this process and MLNC purification were verified using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Factors influencing the efficiency of nanocomposite assembly, colloidal stability, and purification quality were identified. These data made it possible to optimize the fabrication of target MLNCs bearing small interfering RNA and to substantially improve end product quality via an increase in its homogeneity and a decrease in the amount of incomplete nanoconstructs. We believe that the proposed approaches and methods will be useful for researchers working with lipid nanoconstructs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron Trihalide Mediated Substitution of Hydroxyl Groups with Alkenyl, Alkynyl, and Allyl Moieties. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advances in magnetometry through miniaturization (2008)

Recent innovations may lead to magnetic sensors that are smaller, more sensitive, and/or cost less than current magnetometers. Examples of this are the chip scale atomic magnetometer, magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers, and a device for minimizing the effect of 1∕f noise, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator. In the chip scale atomic magnetometer, researchers have been able to fabricate the light source, optics, heater, optical cell, and photodiode detector in a stack that passes through a silicon wafer. Theoretical and subsequent experimental work has led to the observation of magnetoresistance values of 400% at room temperature in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers. This large magnetoresistance occurs because electrons in the majority band can tunnel more easily through the MgO barrier than electrons in the minority band. The MEMS flux concentrator has the potential to increase the sensitivity of magnetic sensors at low frequencies by more than an order of magnitude. The MEMS flux concentrator does this by shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where the 1∕f noise is much smaller. The shift occurs because the motion of flux concentrators on MEMS flaps modulates the field at kilohertz frequencies at the position of the sensor. Though miniaturization is generally beneficial, trade-offs are necessary because some properties, such as noise, worsen with decreasing size.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Guar Gum Grafted Acrylic Acid/Nanoclay Superabsorbent Composites and Its Use in Crystal Violet Dye Absorption (2016)

Natural gums can be tailored and used for the removal of toxic dyes like crystal violet via grafting techniques. However, grafting via microwave irradiation showed both higher yield and fast reaction kinetics as compared to conventional grafting. Silane modified nanoclay has been used to prepare acrylic acid grafted guar gum nanocomposites via microwave irradiation technique. The grafting was confirmed via infrared spectroscopy while XRD diffractograms suggested exfoliation of modified nanoclay in guar gum grafted acrylic acid. The reaction kinetic parameters have been optimized. The effect of nanoclay on swelling characteristics has been examined. The sensitivity of pH on swelling capabilities has also been assessed. The efficiency of the superabsorbent nanocomposite on the absorption of crystal violet dye has been studied. The superabsorbent nanocomposite loaded with 1.75% modified nanocaly was found to be optimal concentration for the removal of crystal violet dye.
Thermal Stability of (1− x )BiScO 3 − x PbTiO 3 Piezoelectric Ceramics for High‐Temperature Sensor Applications (2006)

High‐temperature piezoelectric (1− x )BiScO 3 − x PbTiO 3 ceramics with composition ( x =0.62, 0.63, 0.64, and 0.65) near the morphotropic phase boundary were fabricated. A thermal depoling experiment was used to investigate the stability of polarization at the temperature range from 200° to 460°C. The results indicated that samples with rhombohedral phase began to depole when the temperature was higher than 300°C, while samples with a tetragonal phase showed good resistance to thermal depoling up to 440°C, close to their Curie temperature.
Multiband superconductivity in strongly hybridized 1T′−WTe2/NbSe2 heterostructures (2022)

The interplay of topology and superconductivity has become a subject of intense research in condensed-matter physics for the pursuit of topologically nontrivial forms of superconducting pairing. An intrinsically normal-conducting material can inherit superconductivity via electrical contact to a parent superconductor via the proximity effect, usually understood as Andreev reflection at the interface between the distinct electronic structures of two separate conductors. However, at high interface transparency, strong coupling inevitably leads to changes in the band structure, locally, owing to hybridization of electronic states. Here, we investigate such strongly proximity-coupled heterostructures of monolayer $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$, grown on $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ by van der Waals epitaxy. The superconducting local density of states, resolved in scanning tunneling spectroscopy down to 500 mK, reflects a hybrid electronic structure well described by a multiband framework based on the McMillan equations which captures the multiband superconductivity inherent to the $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ substrate and that is induced by proximity to $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$, self-consistently. Our material-specific tight-binding model captures the hybridized heterostructure quantitatively and confirms that strong interlayer hopping gives rise to a semimetallic density of states in the two-dimensional $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ bulk, even for nominally band-insulating crystals. The model further accurately predicts the measured order parameter $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.6$ meV induced in the $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ monolayer bulk, stable beyond a 2 T magnetic field. We believe that our detailed multiband analysis of the hybrid electronic structure provides a useful tool for sensitive spatial mapping of induced order parameters in proximitized atomically thin topological materials.
1250 Estimating the benefit:cost ratio of monensin supplementation (2016)

The economic benefits of monensin supplementation have not been well documented. The objective of this study was to estimate the benefit:cost ratio of monensin supplementation. A deterministic, partial-budget model was used to estimate the effect of monensin supplementation in the lactating and dry cow rations of a dairy herd. Feed costs for lactating, far-off dry, and close-up dry rations were set at $227 per ton dry matter, $2.50 per cow per day, and $3.50 per cow per day, respectively. The non-supplemented herd level incidence rate of clinical mastitis, displaced abomasum, and clinical ketosis were set at 19.7%, 3.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Milk price was determined using 5-yr (2011 to 2015) means of Federal Milk Marking Order product prices for butterfat ($4.50/kg), protein ($6.76/kg), and other solids ($0.73/kg). Monensin supplementation costs per cow per day were set at $0.050 and $0.035 in lactating and dry rations, respectively. The average response to monensin supplementation across lactation was established by a 2008 meta-analysis (2% decrease in dry matter intake, 2% increase in milk yield, 3% decrease in milk fat percentage, 1% decrease in milk protein percentage, decreased risk of ketosis [risk ratio = 0.75], decreased risk of displaced abomasum [risk ratio = 0.75], and decreased risk of mastitis [risk ratio = 0.91]). The model was run under 3 scenarios to estimate the sensitivity of monensin supplementation to pre-supplemented herd milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage. In scenario 1, milk yield was 31.8 kg/cow/d with 4.1% milk fat and 3.2% milk protein. In scenario 2, milk yield was 36.3 kg/cow/d with 3.8% milk fat and 3.1% milk protein. In scenario 3, milk yield was 40.8 kg/cow/d with 3.5% milk fat and 3.0% milk protein. All scenarios increased income over feed cost per cow per day ($0.29, $0.35, and $0.42, respectively) and resulted in a positive benefit:cost ratio (5.6:1, 6.8:1, and 8.0:1, respectively). The biggest factor influencing returns from monensin supplementation in all scenarios was increased income from milk sales ($5.63, $7.11, and $8.69 per cow per month, respectively). Other factors contributing to the positive benefit:cost ratio of monensin supplementation were reduced total feed costs (-$1.53,-$1.70, and-$1.85 per cow per month, respectively) and reduced losses from disease (-$0.95,-$0.99, and-$1.02 per cow per month, respectively). Future stochastic models should consider how variation in other factors affect the monensin supplementation benefit:cost ratio.
Identification of squamous cell carcinoma associated proteins by proteomics and loss of beta tropomyosin expression in esophageal cancer (2006)

Our study not only supports the involvement of some of the formerly reported proteins in SCCE but also introduces additional proteins found to be lost in SCCE, including TMbeta.
Fast incident light field acquisition and rendering (2008)

We present a practical and inexpensive approach for the acquisition and rendering of static incident light fields.\nIncident light fields can be used for lighting virtual scenes or to insert virtual objects into real world video footage.\nThe virtual objects are correctly lit and cast shadows in the same way as real objects in the scene. We propose to\nuse an inexpensive planar mirror and a high dynamic range video camera to record incident light fields quickly,\nmaking our method suitable for outdoor use. The mirror serves as a moving virtual camera sampling the light\nfield. To render with the acquired data we propose a hardware accelerated rendering algorithm that reproduces the\ncomplex lighting and shadows of the 4D light field. The algorithm is scalable and allows continuous trade between\nquality and rendering speed.
Instrument concept and science case for the mid-IR E-ELT imager and spectrograph METIS (2010)

METIS is the 'Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph', the only planned thermal/mid-IR instrument for the E-ELT. METIS will provide diffraction limited imaging in the atmospheric L/M and N-band from 3 - 14 &mu;m over an 18"×18" field of view (FOV). The imager also includes high contrast coronagraphy and low-resolution (900 &le; R &le; 5000) long slit spectroscopy and polarimetry. In addition, an IFU fed, high resolution spectrograph at L/M band will provide a spectral resolution of R ~ 100,000 over a 0.4"×1.5" FOV. The adaptive optics (AO) system is relatively simple, and METIS can reach its full performance with the adaptive correction provided by the telescope - and occasionally even under seeing limited conditions. On a 42m ELT, METIS will provide state-of-the-art mid-IR performance from the ground. The science case for METIS is based on proto-planetary disks, characterization of exoplanets, formation of our Solar System, growth of supermassive black holes, and the dynamics of high-z galaxies. With the focus on highest angular resolution and highest spectral resolution, METIS is highly complementary to JWST and ALMA. This paper summarizes the science case for METIS, and describes the instrument concept, performance and operational aspects.
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru (1985)

Charles R. Ortloff, Robert A. Feldman, Michael E. Moseley, Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1985), pp. 77-98
Software Solution Of Gps Baseband Processing (1998)

Software for a GPS receiver using an embedded microprocessor achieves baseband processing; spectrum despreading, BPSK demodulation, satellite acquisition/tracking and data recovery. It enables signals from 8 satellites to be demodulated at approximate 40 MIPS.
Molecular markers guide diagnosis and treatment in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders (Review) (2010)

The Philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are hematological disorders with several diagnostic challenges. Due to recent molecular findings, the WHO classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue 2008 reorganized the field of chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Thus, specific molecular markers provide important information for current diagnostic strategies. This review highlights the important diagnostic tools in classical and atypical myeloproliferative neoplasms mainly the JAK2V617F mutation, the Mpl receptor, Polycythemia rubra vera 1 (PRV1), platelet-derived growth-factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), platelet-derived growth-factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), fibroblast growth-factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and c-kit tyrosine kinase. A description of the origin, clinical correlations and role in diagnosis and therapy is provided for each of these molecular markers.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to (Benzyl‐/Arylsulfonyl)acetonitriles: Efficient Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Sulfonylvinylamines and β‐Keto Sulfones. (2011)

Abstract β‐Sulfonylvinylamines (III) are formed from substrate (I) under optimized conditions A) in the presence of Cs 2 CO 3 .
Temps narratif et incertitude en médecine clinique (2003)

Temps narratif et incertitude en médecine clinique Les stratégies narratives auxquelles recourent les médecins traitants pour esquiver les incertitudes qu'ils affrontent au moment de poser un diagnostic, d'établir un pronostic ou de se prononcer sur l'efficacité d'un traitement semblent varier selon la spécialité médicale, les qualités temporelles de la pratique clinique et les processus morbides en cause. Cet essai propose deux concepts issus de la theorie littéraire — temporalité et construction de l'intrigue — comme des perspectives permettant d'interpréter la pratique clinique. Il porte, plus précisément, sur les stratégies narratives développées par les oncologues. Plutôt que d'analyser l'incertitude reliée à la catégorie du diagnostic, je me penche ici sur le dilemme posé par l'incertitude qui entoure la temporalité et l'efficacité du traitement. Je pose l'hypothèse que les oncologues cherchent à créer, chez leurs patients, des expériences d'immédiateté plutôt que de chronologie, de manière à mettre à distance et à circonscrire les incertitudes qui entourent les résultats du traitement et à pallier les lacunes de la connaissance biomédicale. Ces stratégies narratives particulières créent une ambiguïté concernant les dénouements. Lorsque l'issue de la maladie — la mort — cesse désormais d'être incertaine, les « récits therapeutiques » se fragmentent tandis que les dénouements au niveau du travail clinique se révèlent souvent boiteux.
Packet-Optical Differentiated Survivability Implemented by P4 Slices and gNMI Telemetry (2023)

We demonstrate a packet-optical differentiated survivability mechanism implemented in P4 switches using gNMI telemetry. The controller detects the premium slice interruption and switches it to an alternative path reducing the throughput of the regular slice.
Synthesis of (–)-indolactam V (1992)

A stereospecific 7-step synthesis of (–)- indolactam V1 from tryptophan methyl ester is described. The key steps are the photocyclisation of the dichloroamide 6 to give the isomeric 7-hydroxy-7-isopropyl-pyrrolo[4,3,2-fg][3]benzazocines 16+18 and the nitrene-mediated ring expansion of the derived azide 5 to give the 9-membered imine 4. The synthesis is completed by stereoselective reduction of the imine bond and N-methylation.
Exploring Flexible Communications for Streamlining DNN Ensemble Training Pipelines (2018)

Parallel training of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) ensemble on a cluster of nodes is a common practice to train multiple models in order to construct a model with a higher prediction accuracy. Existing ensemble training pipelines can perform a great deal of redundant operations, resulting in unnecessary CPU usage, or even poor pipeline performance. In order to remove these redundancies, we need pipelines with more communication flexibility than existing DNN frameworks can provide. This project investigates a series of designs to improve pipeline flexibility and adaptivity, while also increasing performance. We implement our designs using Tensorflow with Horovod, and test it using several large DNNs in a large scale GPU cluster, Titan supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Lab. Our results show that the CPU time spent during training is reduced by 2-11X. Furthermore, our implementation can achieve up to 10X speedups when CPU core limits are imposed. Our best pipeline also reduces the average power draw of the ensemble training process by 5-16% when compared to the baseline.
The endogenous tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly as an extracellular metabolite of enkephalins in rat brain: origin and metabolism. (1986)

The tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly (YGG) was established as an endogenous constituent in rat brain. Its origin from enkephalin neurons is suggested by its regional distribution paralleling that of (Met5)-enkephalin (YGGFM), its decrease following kainate-induced ablation of the striato-pallidal neurons and its enhanced formation following depolarization of pallidal slices. Enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11) is selectively responsible for endogenous YGG formation in vitro and in vivo.
The end of the atmospheric xenon Archean&#8217;s evolution: a study of the Great Oxygenation Event period (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Several geochemical tracers (S, C, O, Xe) underwent irreversible global changes during the Precambrian, and in particular during the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), between the Archean and Proterozo&amp;amp;#239;c eons [1]. Xenon is of particular interest as it presents a secular isotopic evolution during the Archean that ceased around the time of the GOE. In this regard Xe is somewhat analogous to mass-independent fractionation sulfur (MIF-S) in that it can be used to categorically identify Archean atmospheric components [2]. Xe isotopes in the modern atmosphere are strongly mass-dependent fractionated (MDF-Xe), with a depletion of the light isotopes relative to the heavy ones. There was a continuous Xe isotope evolution from primitive Xe to modern Xe that ceased between 2.6 and 1.8 Ga [2] and this evolution has been attributed to coupled H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;-Xe&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; escape to space [3].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The purpose of this project is to document the Xe composition of the paleo-atmosphere trapped in well-dated hydrothermal quartz fluid inclusions with ages covering the Archean-Proterozoic transition to better constraint its link with the GOE.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We have measured an isotopically fractionated Xe composition of 2.0 &amp;amp;#177; 1.8 &amp;amp;#8240; relative to modern atmosphere at 2441 &amp;amp;#177; 1.6 Ma, in quartz vein from the Seidorechka sedimentary formation (Imandra-Varzuga Greenstone belt, Russia). A slightly younger sample from the Polisarka sedimentary formation (Imandra-Varzuga Greenstone belt, Russia) of 2434 &amp;amp;#177; 6.6 Ma does not record such fractionation and is indistinguishable from the modern atmospheric composition. A temporal link between the disappearance of the Xe isotopes fractionation and the MIF-S signature at the Archean-Proterozoic transition is clearly established for the Kola Craton. The mass-dependent evolution of Xe isotopes is the witness of a cumulative atmospheric process that may have played an important role in the oxidation of the Earth's surface [3], independently of biogenic O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; production that started long before the permanent rise of O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in the atmosphere [4].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;[1] Catling &amp;amp; Zahnle, 2020, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Sciences Advances &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;6, eaax1420&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; [2] Avice et al., 2018, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; 232, 82-100 [3] Zahnle et al., 2019, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; 244, 56-85&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; [4] Lyons et al., 2014, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nature &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;506, 307-315.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;