gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Land based S-wave reflection seismology with P sources — does it work? (2017)

It is long overdue to have a workshop that focuses on current seismic practices that need to either, (1) be altered, or (2) replaced with another option, if the use of S-wave reflection seismology is to be widely accepted by exploration geophysicists. If S-wave technology remains as it has been practiced for the past 20-plus years, S-wave data will continue to be used by only a small segment of the geophysical community. Causing S-wave reflection seismology to be accepted by a larger number of seismic users has been a principal research objective of the Exploration Geophysics Laboratory at the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) since 2009. To set the strategy for this research, the speaker was influenced by the fact that during the past 3 decades, he has seen repeated evidence in land-based VSP data that an SV mode is generated directly at vertical-vibrator and vertical-impact baseplates, and at the subsurface coordinates of a buried explosive, even though these sources have, by tradition, been used only as P-wave sources, not as S-wave sources. These observations led to the decision to implement research that would lead to a better understanding of the physics of the direct-SV modes that all common, commercial, land-based, P sources generate. Some of the research findings amassed in this 8-year study that have caused the speaker to promote the option of practicing S-wave seismology with P sources will be described in this presentation.
Radio Frequency Transmission: Improving Radio Frequency Transmission Properties of Graphene via Carrier Concentration Control toward High Frequency Transmission Line Applications (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2019) (2019)

In article number 1808057, Jae Eun Jang and co-workers report an improvement in the radio frequency transmission properties of graphene via amorphous carbon deposition.
Digital phase conjugation of second harmonic radiation emitted by nanoparticles in turbid media (2010)

We demonstrate focusing coherent light on a nanoparticle through turbid media based on digital optical phase conjugation of second harmonic generation (SHG) field from the nanoparticle. A SHG active nanoparticle inside a turbid medium was excited at the fundamental frequency and emitted SHG field as a point source. The SHG emission was scattered by the turbid medium, and the scattered field was recorded by off-axis digital holography. A phase-conjugated beam was then generated by using a phase-only spatial light modulator and sent back through the turbid medium, which formed a nearly ideal focus on the nanoparticle.
Development of a 3D angiogenesis model to study tumour – endothelial cell interactions and the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs (2017)

The tumour microenvironment and tumour angiogenesis play a critical role in the development and therapy of many cancers, but in vitro models reflecting these circumstances are rare. In this study, we describe the development of a novel tri-culture model, using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and Colo699) in combination with a fibroblast cell line (SV 80) and two different endothelial cell lines in a hanging drop technology. Endothelial cells aggregated either in small colonies in Colo699 containing microtissues or in tube like structures mainly in the stromal compartment of microtissues containing A549. An up-regulation of hypoxia and vimentin, ASMA and a downregulation of E-cadherin were observed in co- and tri-cultures compared to monocultures. Furthermore, a morphological alteration of A549 tumour cells resembling "signet ring cells" was observed in tri-cultures. The secretion of proangiogenic growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in supernatants. Inhibition of these proangiogenic factors by using antiangiogenic drugs (bevacizumab and nindetanib) led to a significant decrease in migration of endothelial cells into microtissues. We demonstrate that our method is a promising tool for the generation of multicellular tumour microtissues and reflects in vivo conditions closer than 2D cell culture.
Increase in Adverse Reactions Associated with Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids — Anchorage, Alaska, 2015–2016 (2016)

In July 2015, personnel in the Alaska Division of Public Health's Section of Epidemiology became aware of an increase in the number of patients being treated in Anchorage hospital emergency departments for adverse reactions associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). SCs are a chemically diverse class of designer drugs that bind to the same cannabinoid receptors as tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of cannabis. A public health investigation was initiated to describe clinical outcomes, characterize the outbreak, and identify SC chemicals circulating in Anchorage. During July 15, 2015-March 15, 2016, a total of 1,351 ambulance transports to Anchorage emergency departments for adverse SC reactions were identified. A review of charts obtained from two Anchorage hospitals determined that among 167 emergency department visits for adverse SC reactions during July 15-September 30, 2015, 11 (6.6%) involved a patient who required endotracheal intubation, 17 (10.2%) involved a patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit, and 66 (39.5%) involved a patient classified as being homeless. Testing of 25 product and paraphernalia samples collected from patients at one hospital identified 11 different SC chemicals. Educational outreach campaigns focused on the considerable health risks of using SCs need to complement judicial and law enforcement actions to reduce SC use.
Overview of IBR: software and hardware issues (2000)

Image-based rendering is perceived as a new technique, as yet unsupported by hardware. In fact, IBR has been an integral part of computer graphics for some time. However it is not as well supported as one might wish in conventional graphics hardware and software libraries. This overview highlights some of the hardware and software issues of IBR, surveys current practice, and proposes guidelines for designing a unified IBR platform.
Diaphragm muscle activity across respiratory motor behaviors in awake and lightly anesthetized rats (2018)

Respiratory muscles such as the diaphragm are active across a range of behaviors including ventilation and higher-force behaviors necessary for maintenance of airway patency, and minimal information is available regarding anesthetic effects on the capacity of respiratory muscles to generate higher forces. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether diaphragm EMG activity during lower-force behaviors, such as eupnea and hypoxia-hypercapnia, is differentially affected compared with higher-force behaviors, such as a sigh, in lightly anesthetized animals. In adult male rats, chronically implanted diaphragm EMG electrodes were used to measure the effects of low-dose ketamine (30 mg/kg) and xylazine (3 mg/kg) on root mean square (RMS) EMG amplitude across a range of motor behaviors. A mixed linear model was used to evaluate the effects of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on peak RMS EMG and ventilatory parameters, with condition (awake vs. anesthetized), behavior (eupnea, hypoxia-hypercapnia, sigh), side (left or right hemidiaphragm), and their interactions as fixed effects and animal as a random effect. Compared with the awake recordings, there was an overall reduction of peak diaphragm RMS EMG across behaviors during anesthesia, but this reduction was more pronounced during spontaneous sighs (which require ~60% of maximal diaphragm force). Respiratory rates and duty cycle during eupnea and hypoxia-hypercapnia were higher in awake compared with anesthetized conditions. These results highlight the importance of identifying anesthetic effects on a range of respiratory motor behaviors, including sighs necessary for maintaining airway patency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Respiratory muscles accomplish a range of motor behaviors, with forces generated for ventilatory behaviors comprising only a small fraction of their maximal force generating capacity. Induction of anesthesia exerts more robust effects on the higher-force diaphragm motor behaviors such as sighs compared with eupnea. This novel information on effects of low, sedative doses of a commonly used anesthetic combination (ketamine-xylazine) highlights the importance of identifying anesthetic effects on a range of respiratory motor behaviors.
Near-field imaging of magnetic resonance in terahertz dielectric resonator antennas (2016)

One major hurdle for antennas created from metallic resonators is their low radiation efficiencies due to increasing Ohmic loss at terahertz frequencies. A potential solution to overcome this is to substitute metal with dielectric materials in designing resonators. Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) resonate based on the confinement of displacement current, at specific resonance frequencies. Hence, the Ohmic loss is mitigated in DRAs. An array of silicon resonators on quartz is realized to examine their magnetic resonance at 0.625 THz. This work employs a terahertz near-field imaging technique to measure the complex electric near-fields of this DRA array.
An integrated circuit for self-routing data and voice switching (2002)

This paper describes the development of the architecture and implementation of a self-routing switch-fabric chip which accommodates packetized voice and data traffic. A prototype VLSI chip has been built in a one-micron CMOS standard cell technology. The prototype has 16 input and 4 output ports. Each port supports a data rate of 32 Mb/s. A fabric with 16 input and 16 output ports can be configured from four prototype chips. The fabric routes traffic from any input to any output port. The chip has internal memory for queuing to resolve output port contention, and is designed for use as a building block to construct larger switch fabric sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lorentzian-Like Gain in the Analysis of Gain Assisted Slow Surface Plasmon-Polaritons (2012)

We investigate slow surface plasmon-polariton in a metal/dielectric interface when a Lorentzian function is used to model the gain response in the dielectric medium. An increase in the well know group index of 1.86 to 10 is achieved.
Deep capillary retinal ischemia and high-titer prothrombin-associated antiphospholipid antibodies: A case series of three patients (2019)

The persistent presence of high-titer prothrombin-associated antiphospholipid antibodies in three women with deep capillary retinal ischemia suggests this may be an important association. Prothrombin-associated antibodies (anti-prothrombin IgG and anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin IgG and IgM) as well as the traditional antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin IgG, IgM and IgA; anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I IgG, IgM and IgA; and the lupus anticoagulant) should be included in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with deep capillary retinal ischemia. Because of the broader health and treatment implications of high-titer antiphospholipid antibodies, further investigation into this suspected association is warranted.
Transcriptional Activities of Estrogen and Glucocorticoid Receptors Are Functionally Integrated at the AP-1 Response Element (1997)

Estrogens and glucocorticoids often act in opposition to regulate physiological responses. We investigated whether this might reflect the opposing actions of hormone-bound receptors on target genes regulated by the AP-1 response element. We performed a series of transfection experiments in which transcriptional activation, mediated by the AP-1 response element, was reflected in reporter gene activity. As previously described, we found that estrogens stimulate, whereas the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits, transcription through a model promoter from the collagenase gene (−73 to +63). This promoter bears a consensus AP-1 response element. When HeLa cells were treated with both estradiol and Dex, the steroids counteracted each other's transcriptional effects. The amount of transfected estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors (ER and GR) determined the extent to which Dex blunted estrogen stimulation or estrogen prevented Dex inhibition. The ER/GR interaction was observed both in the presence of estradiol and tamoxifen, which has previously been shown to have estrogen-like action at an AP-1 response element. The AP-1 family member c-Jun enhanced Dex inhibition and estradiol stimulation of transcriptional activation. c-Fos potentiated the effect of cotransfected c-Jun on estradiol stimulation but not Dex inhibition. The pattern of steroid responses was retained in the presence of the c-Jun activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. However, estradiol stimulation was lost in the presence of the c-Jun activator tumor necrosis factor-α. The ER/GR/AP-1 response element interaction was present, not only in a cell line originally derived from a uterine cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), but also in a cell line derived from the hypothalamus (GT1–1). Lastly, both progesterone receptor types A and B also interacted with the ER at the AP-1 site. These data indicate that opposing steroid influences can be mediated at the level of transcription through the AP-1 site and suggest that the integration of hormone action at this response element may underlie some of the opposing actions of estrogens and glucocorticoids or progestins on physiological responses.
Gambling using a finite state machine (1991)

Sequential gambling schemes in which the amount wagered on the future outcome is determined by a finite state (FS) machine are defined and analyzed. It is assumed that the FS machine determines the fraction of the capital wagered at each time instance i on the outcome at the next time instance, i+1, and that wagers are paid at even odds. The maximal capital achieved by any FS machine is found and its dependence on an empirical entropy measure, H/sup FS/(x), defined as the finite state complexity of x, is shown. A specific gambling scheme is then proposed based on the Lempel-Ziv method for universal compression. The capital gained by this method is found and it is observed that, asymptotically, its exponential growth rate dominates the experimental growth rate achieved by gambling using any FS machine. Furthermore, this specific scheme suggests a class of gambling methods, based on a class of variable-to-variable length lossless compression methods, in which the capital is doubled for every bit compressed. These results emphasize the relation between gambling and data compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of Intraoperative Hypotension with Acute Kidney Injury after Elective Noncardiac Surgery (2015)

In this analysis, postoperative AKI is associated with sustained intraoperative periods of MAP less than 55 and less than 60 mmHg. This study provides an impetus for clinical trials to determine whether interventions that promptly treat IOH and are tailored to individual patient physiology could help reduce the risk of AKI.
Early Detection of Response to Hydroxyurea Therapy in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia (2010)

Red blood cells (RBC) and reticulocyte parameters were determined on peripheral blood from a subset of patients enrolled in the multicenter study of hydroxyuea (HU) in sickle cell anemia. Multiple blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks. Cellular indices were measured by flow cytometry. Generalized linear models were used to determine the relationship between the longitudinal trajectories of RBC and reticulocyte indices and HU usage. There was a significant relationship between HU usage and most of the RBC and reticulocyte indices. Hydroxyurea produced higher value trajectories than those generated by placebo usage for the hemoglobin (Hb) content of both the RBCs and reticulocytes and for the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of reticulocytes. These changes were first detected 10 weeks after starting HU and before the increase in Hb F levels. The data suggest that subtle and early markers of response to HU reside in the hemogram.
ILEAL ENTEROCYTE BRUSH BORDER ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATE WITH PROGRESSIVE DISEASE COURSE IN PEDIATRICS CROHN’S DISEASE (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND Biomarkers are needed to identify the subset of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients at-risk for severe, treatment-refractory disease. Short ileal microvillus length (MVL) is an epithelial biomarker that predicted non-response to treatment in adult CD. Here, we hypothesized that short MVL phenotype would occur in pediatric CD and associate with more severe disease. METHODS H&amp;E-stained ileal tissue sections were obtained from 3 pediatric cohorts: WashU, CCHMC, and RISK (n=58 controls, n=377 CD). MVL was measured in regions not involved in acute inflammation. RISK had baseline “pre-treatment” and follow-up “post-treatment” sampling, clinical phenotyping, and transcriptomic data. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence was performed on paired samples from 6 CD and 6 controls. RESULTS Ileal MVL was shorter in pediatric CD (mean: 1.44 μm) vs. controls (mean: 1.64 μm; P&amp;lt;0.0001). MVL did not associate with body mass index, disease location, endoscopic deep ulcers, or disease activity index scores. Histological inflammation scores were greater in baseline CD vs. controls, but similar between CD with short (defined as &amp;lt;1.46 μm, 10th percentile of controls) or normal MVL. Progression from B1 inflammatory disease behavior to B2 stricturing or B3 internal penetrating disease behavior was more likely to occur in patients with shorter MVL (n=91 follow-up samples collected prior to disease progression event; B2: P=0.0077, B3: P=0.0186). Additionally, progression to B2 occurred sooner in those with short follow-up MVL (P=0.0206). In contrast, associations with disease behavior progression based on baseline MVL were not observed. RNA-seq analysis identified 92 genes differentially expressed between CD and controls and correlated with MVL. Gene function analysis showed enrichment (P&amp;lt;0.001) for actin cytoskeleton, transporter activity, and plasma membrane among the 43 genes positively associated with MVL, and enrichment for myeloid cell, response to bacterium, and extracellular matrix among the 49 genes negatively associated with MVL. TEM showed thinning of the terminal web in CD, with diminished microvillus rootlet length and organelle-free zones, features associated with shortened or disorganized microvilli in mouse models. We next assessed terminal web-associated proteins, PLS1 and MYH14, and found that both were altered in CD samples; PLS1 was abnormally enhanced at the brush border, and MYH14 was aberrantly localized in the cytoplasm. Misexpression of MYH14 was associated with terminal web thinning and shorter MVL. CONCLUSIONS This study supports short ileal MVL phenotype in follow-up CD samples as an epithelial biomarker for more severe disease prognosis, particularly for progression to stricturing disease. Our data suggest that terminal web alterations underlie the short MVL phenotype.
Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Citalopram Effectiveness and Side Effects in Children with Depression and/or Anxiety Disorders (2007)

The 5-HTTLPR ss genotype was associated with a poorer clinical response with regard to depressive symptoms as well with fewer reports of agitation. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a genetic marker of response to citalopram in children and adolescents with depression and/or anxiety.
An Intelligent Control of LED Street Lamp Based on Illumination Sensing (2015)

We study an intelligent control system for LED (light emitting diode) street lamp based on illumination sensing and PWM (pulse width modulation). Experiment results show that the system can achieve energy-saving, environment-friendly and long life, and avoid human audible noise by using 25kHz as PWM modulation frequency.
Bacterial symbiont subpopulations have different roles in a deep-sea symbiosis (2021)

The hydrothermal vent tubeworm <i>Riftia pachyptila</i> hosts a single 16S rRNA phylotype of intracellular sulfur-oxidizing symbionts, which vary considerably in cell morphology and exhibit a remarkable degree of physiological diversity and redundancy, even in the same host. To elucidate whether multiple metabolic routes are employed in the same cells or rather in distinct symbiont subpopulations, we enriched symbionts according to cell size by density gradient centrifugation. Metaproteomic analysis, microscopy, and flow cytometry strongly suggest that <i>Riftia</i> symbiont cells of different sizes represent metabolically dissimilar stages of a physiological differentiation process: While small symbionts actively divide and may establish cellular symbiont-host interaction, large symbionts apparently do not divide, but still replicate DNA, leading to DNA endoreduplication. Moreover, in large symbionts, carbon fixation and biomass production seem to be metabolic priorities. We propose that this division of labor between smaller and larger symbionts benefits the productivity of the symbiosis as a whole.
Fasudil, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2012)

The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involve multiple pathways, such as inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, coagulation, oxidative stress, and developmental processes. The small GTPase, RhoA, and its target protein, Rho-kinase (ROCK), may interact with other signaling pathways known to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the beneficial effects and mechanisms of fasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Our results showed that the Aschcroft score and hydroxyproline content of the bleomycin-treated mouse lung decreased in response to fasudil treatment. The number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was attenuated by fasudil. In addition, fasudil reduced the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA and protein expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. These findings suggest that fasudil may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Friction Contribution to Bioinspired Mushroom‐Shaped Dry Adhesives (2017)

Bioinspired mushroom‐shaped micropillar recently has attracted considerable interest from researchers on adhesion‐functionalized artificial surface due to its prominent dry adhesive property. Understanding the interface behavior and further exploring the physical mechanism are of significance for properly designing the structure dimension with enhanced performance. However, the friction contribution to such type of adhesive structures is mostly overlooked in previous investigations. In this paper, by revisiting the detachment behavior associated with the calculation of the critical dynamic crack size making the contact interface destabilized, it is demonstrated that the friction force does work in the detachment process of mushroom‐shaped micropillars. The calculated maximum pull‐off forces are in good agreement with experimental results and the friction force contribution can reach up to about 41% of the total adhesive force when the tip diameter is 2.6 times the diameter of the supporting pillar. The present model provides a deeper insight into the mushroom‐shaped dry adhesives and may be helpful in future bioinspired dry adhesives designs.