gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tm:GGAG disordered garnet crystal for 2 µm diode-pumped solid-state laser (2021)

Abstract Lasing parameters and wavelength tunability of a new disordered solid-state active medium, Tm 3+ -doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (Tm 3+ -doped <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , Tm:GGAG), were investigated. Five samples with thulium concentration ranging from 1.4 at.% to 9.2 at.% (Tm/Gd) were designed, grown and investigated. Basic spectroscopic characterization and measurement of a refractive index were performed. Each sample was tested as an active medium of a 2 µm laser, longitudinally diode-pumped at 786 nm. Tm 3+ concentration dependence of laser parameters was investigated. The highest slope efficiency of 43% w.r.t. absorbed power in the pulsed regime and 35% in the CW regime was achieved with the 2.4 at.% (Tm/Gd) sample. All samples produced beams of good quality with estimated M <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Concentration-dependent tunability was investigated and a smooth continuous range of wavelengths, up to 187 nm wide, was recorded.
Micromagnetic Simulation of Spin-Orbit Torque Induced Ultrafast Switching of In-Plane Magnetization (2018)

In this paper, through micromagnetic simulation, we found that the in-plane magnetization can be ultrafast and reliably switched by two methods. First, enhancing the field-like torque can eliminate the incubation delay to accelerate the magnetization switching. Second, tilting the easy-axis can strengthen the initial spin torque to decrease the switching delay. These two switching mechanisms were analyzed based on micromagnetic simulation results.
The gene organisation of the human β2 integrin subunit (CD18) (1991)

We have studied the gene of the human beta 2 integrin subunit (CD18) and found it to be organised into 16 exons spanning a region of about 40 kb. All exon/intron boundaries conform to the GT/AG splicing consensus. The exons coding for the cysteine-rich region, which has been postulated to consist of 3 or 4 repeating elements, are not organised correspondingly. Transcription of the gene initiates from multiple sites which may be due to the absence of an upstream TATA box. The polyadenylation site is also heterogeneous. Five different sites were identified over a stretch of 10 bases.
Dose Finding with Escalation with Overdose Control (EWOC) in Cancer Clinical Trials (2010)

Traditionally, the major objective in phase I trials is to identify a working-dose for subsequent studies, whereas the major endpoint in phase II and III trials is treatment efficacy. The dose sought is typically referred to as the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Several statistical methodologies have been proposed to select the MTD in cancer phase I trials. In this manuscript, we focus on a Bayesian adaptive design, known as escalation with overdose control (EWOC). Several aspects of this design are discussed, including large sample properties of the sequence of doses selected in the trial, choice of prior distributions, and use of covariates. The methodology is exemplified with real-life examples of cancer phase I trials. In particular, we show in the recently completed ABR-217620 (naptumomab estafenatox) trial that omitting an important predictor of toxicity when dose assignments to cancer patients are determined results in a high percent of patients experiencing severe side effects and a significant proportion treated at sub-optimal doses.
Autonomous cruise control using neural networks in platooning (2005)

Abstract This paper presents a control algorithm for a platoon of vehicles. We employ the radial basis function neural networks (NNs) to approximate unknown vehicle dynamics. A direct adaptive method used to update the NN weights on-line is proposed. It is shown that the proposed controller is of the decentralized type and ensures platoon stability. The performance of the controller is illustrated by simulations. Keywords: ADAPTIVE CONTROLAUTOMATIC VEHICLE CONTROLPLATOONRADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
Validation of the ‘full reconnection model’ of the sawtooth instability in KSTAR (2018)

The central safety factor (q0) during sawtooth oscillation has been measured with a great \naccuracy with the motional Stark effect (MSE) system on KSTAR and the measured value \nwas ∼1.0±0.03.However, this measurement alone cannot validate the disputed full and \npartial reconnection models definitively due to non­trivial off­set error (~0.05). Supplemental \nexperiment of the excited m = 2, m = 3 modes that are extremely sensitive to the background \nq0 and core magnetic shear definitively validates the ‘full reconnection model’. The radial \nposition of the excited modes right after the crash and time evolution into the 1/1 kink mode \nbefore the crash in a sawtoothing plasma suggests that q0 &gt;= 1.0 in the MHD quiescent period \nafter the crash and q0 &lt; 1.0 before the crash. Additional measurement of the long lived m = 3, \nm = 5 modes in a non­sawtoothing discharge (presumably q0&gt;= 1.0) further validates the ‘full \nreconnection model’.
Accidental Burns (1971)

Burns were caused in two patients by an electrocautery used in conjunction with electronic monitoring equipment. The causes of these accidents were found to be faulty equipment with inadequate safety precautions taken to allow for their possible malfunction. Additional safety features are now used to prevent recurrence of similar incidents. These safety measures include an auxiliary electrocautery ground wire and special patient-plate.
In a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study, Administration of 6 and 12 G Fortetropin® Does Not Reduce Serum Myostatin in Healthy Adult Dogs Over 72-Hours (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the effect of a single administration of 6 and 12 g of Fortetropin compared to placebo on serum myostatin in healthy, adult dogs over a 72-h period. <b>Methods:</b> Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Ten hospital-employee-owned healthy adult dogs aged 2 to 8 years old were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and then 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 72-h following administration of the test agent (6 and 12 g) or placebo. Serum samples were processed according to manufacturer's guidelines for canine serum using GDF-8/Myostatin Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems). Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) analyses were carried out where <i>P</i> < 0.05 was deemed significant. <b>Results:</b> Mean serum myostatin was not significantly lower in treatment groups of either low or high dose compared to placebo at any time point. Baseline mean serum myostatin in low and high dose treatment groups was 29,481 (SD = 5,224) and 32,214 pg/mL (SD = 7,353), respectively. Placebo group low and high dose baseline mean serum myostatin was 30,247 (SD = 5,875) and 28,512 (SD = 5,028). <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of this study indicate that administration of single 6 or 12 g dose of Fortetropin does not reduce serum myostatin in healthy adult dogs over a 72-h period. <b>Clinical Importance:</b> Oral supplements, like Fortetropin, require further studies to determine the efficacy and bioavailability in order to guide clinical use in dogs.
Effects of optical interference and energy transfer on exciton diffusion length measurements in organic semiconductors (2006)

Exciton diffusion is of great importance to the future design of high efficiency organic photovoltaics. Exciton diffusion studies require accurate experimental techniques. This paper addresses two important complications that can arise in exciton diffusion length measurements made by analyzing luminescence from thin films on quenching substrates: namely, the effects of optical interference and of energy transfer to the quencher. When there is modest contrast in the refractive indices of the quencher and organic material, as is the case for titania or C60 and most organic materials, interference effects can overwhelm the measurement, thereby making it impossible to accurately determine the diffusion length of excitons in the organic material. We show that this problem can be fully eliminated by using thin (&amp;lt;5nm) quencher films. The second complication that can occur is energy transfer to the quenching layer. We model the effect this has when fullerenes are used as quenchers. If energy transfer was ignored, one would falsely measure exciton diffusion lengths that are much greater than, and in some cases more than double, the actual diffusion length. Using titania as a quencher we eliminate the possibility of energy transfer, and by using thin titania films we eliminate the effects of interference and accurately measure a diffusion length of 6±1nm for the commonly used polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)]-1,4-phenylenevinylene.
Hyperpigmentation and melanocytic hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing the human T24 HA‐ras gene regulated by a mouse tyrosinase promoter (1995)

The tyrosinase promoter has been used to target expression of the mutated human T24 Ha-ras oncogene in pigment-producing cells of transgenic mice. Two independent founder mice carrying the transgene survived and showed the same distinct phenotype of mutated coat color, deeply pigmented skin with multiple nevi, and twirling behavior. The offspring of one of these founders were developed into a line that stably expressed the same phenotype. Histopathological analysis of the tissues revealed hyperpigmentation and/or melanocytic hyperplasia in the skin, eyes, inner ear, and meningeal membranes in the brain. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed expression of the transgene in skin, brain, and spleen. We propose that these transgenic mice will be a model for studying the process of multistage melanoma carcinogenesis and a system for evaluating potential chemopreventive agents.
Novel harmful recessive haplotypes for reproductive traits in pigs (2016)

Harmful recessive haplotypes for reproductive and fertility traits have previously been detected in cattle, but so far, no studies have been published for pigs. The aim of this study was to locate chromosomal regions with putative lethal haplotypes and estimate the effects of the identified haplotypes on reproductive traits in the Finnish Yorkshire pig breed. We used marker genotypes of 871 Finnish Yorkshire AI boars, genotyped with Illumina's PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. The analysed traits were number of stillborn piglets in first (NSB1) and later (NSB2) parities, total number of piglets born in first and later parities and piglet mortality between birth and weaning in first and later parities. A haplotype was claimed as a putative lethal if it was common in the population, but no homozygous animals were found. We detected altogether 26 putative lethal haplotypes, but only one haplotype on chromosome 8 (position 107.0-113.3 Mb) was significantly associated with traits NSB1 and NSB2. Three possible candidate genes were found in this chromosomal region: MAD2LI, FGF2 and ANXA5. Further analysis is needed to confirm the role of these genes on pig reproductive performance.
Exposure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Saskatchewan (2015)

Concentrations of 14 organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) were measured in Apis mellifera L. (European honeybee) and hive matrices (honey and bee bread). Samples were collected from seven randomly selected coloniesincentralSaskatchewan duringthesummerof2013.LC-MS/MS wasused toidentifyand quantify individual OP by use of a modified quick easy cheap effective rugged safe (QuEChERS) method. Diazinon, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos-oxon were the only OPs detected in honey with mean concentrations of 0.3, 1.5, and 0.2 ng/g, wet mass (wm), respectively. Fenamiphos, chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos methyl were the only OPs detected in bee bread, with mean concentrations of 0.4, 2.7, and 15.8 ng/g, wm, respectively, while ethoprop, malathion, and dichlorvos were the only OPs detected in bees with mean concentrations of 1.4, 3.7, and 889.2 ng/g, wm, respectively. Total hazard quotients (HQs), based on lethality of bees exposed to OPs in honey and pollen consumed by bees ranged from 0.01 to 0.06 and based on lethality of bees from direct exposure to OPs ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 which suggests little hazard of OPs to Saskatchewan beehives.
Correlation-dimension and autocorrelation fluctuations in epileptic seizure dynamics (2002)

We focus on an anomalous scaling region in correlation integral [C(epsilon)] analysis of electrocorticogram in epilepsy patients. We find that epileptic seizures typically are accompanied by wide fluctuations in the slope of this scaling region. An explanation, based on analyzing the interplay between the autocorrelation and C(epsilon), is provided for these fluctuations. This anomalous slope appears to be a sensitive measure for tracking (but not predicting) seizures.
SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato (2021)

GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their involvement in the ripening of economically important fruits and their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SlGRAS4, encoding a transcription factor of the GRAS family, was induced by the tomato ripening process and regulated by ethylene. Overexpression of SlGRAS4 accelerated fruit ripening, increased the total carotenoid content and increased PSY1 expression in SlGRAS4-OE fruit compared to wild-type fruit. The expression levels of key ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACS2, SlACS4, SlACO1, and SlACO3) and crucial ripening regulators (RIN and NOR) were increased in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. The negative regulator of tomato fruit ripening, SlMADS1, was repressed in OE fruit. Exogenous ethylene and 1-MCP treatment revealed that more endogenous ethylene was derived in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. More obvious phenotypes were observed in OE seedlings after ACC treatment. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that SlGRAS4 can directly bind SlACO1 and SlACO3 promoters to activate their transcription, and SlGRAS4 can also directly repress SlMADS1 expression. Our study identified that SlGRAS4 acts as a new regulator of fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in a direct manner. This provides new knowledge of GRAS transcription factors involved in regulating fruit ripening.
Performance of multielement CdZnTe detectors (1999)

Single-element CdZnTe detectors are limited in size, and therefore efficiency, by the poor hole transport, even with a coplanar grid. We are investigating the possibility of a 27-element array using 15 mm X 15 mm X 15 mm elements for gamma-ray energies to 10 MeV for NASA planetary missions. We present experimental results for combinations of various size coplanar grid detectors using NIM electronics and energies to 6.1 MeV. Summation of the signals after linear gating and requiring coincidence produces only a small increase in the energy resolution. Our results indicate that good efficiency and spectrum not complicated by a large Compton continuum can be achieved by simply summing the spectra from 15 X 15 X 15 mm<SUP>3</SUP> detectors for gamma-ray energies below about 2 MeV. Above 2 MeV, 2-fold coincidence might be required, depending on the spectrum, to suppress the Compton continuum and escape peaks. We use a Monte Carlo calculation to predict the performance of the 27-elements array for a lunar highlands spectrum. Such ambient-temperature, high-efficiency, good- resolution arrays will facilitate new NASA mission to determine elemental composition of planetary bodies and terrestrial applications requiring high-efficiency, good- resolution portable instruments.
The Never End (2023)

This book presents full history of the origin of Orwell’s Animal Farm, as well as a translation of the Russuian/Ukranian source work
Mechanical and thermal properties of polyimide/silica hybrids with imide‐modified silica network structures (2007)

Abstract A series of hybrid materials incorporating imide‐modified silica (IM‐silica) network structures into a polyimide (PI) matrix were produced with a sol–gel technique from solution mixtures of poly(amic acid) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) containing alkoxysilane‐terminated amic acids with various degrees of polymerization. The hybrid films, obtained by solvent evaporation, were heated successively to a maximum temperature of 300°C to carry out the imidization process and silica network formation in the PI matrix. The morphology and mechanical properties of these hybrids with IM‐silica networks were studied and compared with the properties of one in which reinforcement of the matrix was achieved with a pure silica network generated from TEOS. The introduction of longer imide spacer groups into the silica network led to a drastic decrease in the silica particle size. Improved tensile modulus was observed in such compatibilized hybrid systems. Comparative thermogravimetric measurements of these hybrids showed improved thermooxidative resistance. A PI hybrid with 30% IM‐silica had a thermal decomposition temperature nearly 260°C higher than that of the pure PI matrix. The high surface area of the interconnected silica domains and increased interfacial interaction were believed to restrict the segmental motion of the polymer and thus slow the diffusion of oxygen in the matrix, thereby slowing the oxidative decomposition of the polymer. The reinforcement of existing and new PIs by this method offers an opportunity for improving their thermooxidative stability without degrading their mechanical strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A general design platform for ionic liquid ions based on bridged multi-heterocycles with flexible symmetry and charge (2010)

A conceptual design platform for new ionic liquids with variable heterocycles, bridges, symmetry, and charge was developed using simple alkylation, click, and ionic liquid chemistries and demonstrated with 1-(2-(5-tetrazolidyl)ethyl)-3-(5-1H-tetrazolyl)methylimidazolium and its conversion into room-temperature ionic liquids as cation or as anion.
Women physicians in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Past, present, and future (2023)

Women's engagement in medicine, and more specifically cardiovascular imaging and cardiovascular MRI (CMR), has undergone a slow evolution over the past several decades. As a result, an increasing number of women have joined the cardiovascular imaging community to contribute their expertise. This collaborative work summarizes the barriers that women in cardiovascular imaging have overcome over the past several years, the positive interventions that have been implemented to better support women in the field of CMR, and the challenges that still remain, with a special emphasis on women physicians.
Augmented online point to point trajectory planning, a new approach in catching a moving object by a manipulator (2010)

In a structured dynamic environment, due to the known variation of the environment, robot trajectory planning can be performed robots motion starts. Within an unstructured dynamic environment, environment variations are permanent, so that the surroundings information must be acquired in an online action. Likewise the data acquisition, robot trajectory planning must be executed online. In this paper a method for online trajectory planning based on adaptive prediction planning and execution (APPE) is proposed for robotic manipulators considering velocity and torque constraints. A vision-based data acquisition system is used to acquire object positions and velocities. To describe the end-effector trajectories in joint and Cartesian space a set of time polynomial function are used. Initially a primary trajectory is planned and it will be updated in definite time periods. This action will be frequently repeated until catching is occurred. Proposed method has been tested on an experimental setup and the experimental results are presented.
How gender affects the decoding of facial expressions of pain (2022)

Abstract Objectives Gender has been suggested to play a critical role in how facial expressions of pain are perceived by others. With the present study we aim to further investigate how gender might impact the decoding of facial expressions of pain, (i) by varying both the gender of the observer as well as the gender of the expressor and (ii) by considering two different aspects of the decoding process, namely intensity decoding and pain recognition. Methods In two online-studies, videos of facial expressions of pain as well as of anger and disgust displayed by male and female avatars were presented to male and female participants. In the first study, valence and arousal ratings were assessed (intensity decoding) and in the second study, participants provided intensity ratings for different affective states, that allowed for assessing intensity decoding as well as pain recognition. Results The gender of the avatar significantly affected the intensity decoding of facial expressions of pain, with higher ratings (arousal, valence, pain intensity) for female compared to male avatars. In contrast, the gender of the observer had no significant impact on intensity decoding. With regard to pain recognition (differentiating pain from anger and disgust), neither the gender of the avatar, nor the gender of the observer had any affect. Conclusions Only the gender of the expressor seems to have a substantial impact on the decoding of facial expressions of pain, whereas the gender of the observer seems of less relevance. Reasons for the tendency to see more pain in female faces might be due to psychosocial factors (e.g., gender stereotypes) and require further research.
Microporous Titanosilicates and other Novel Mixed Octahedral-Tetrahedral Framework Oxides (2000)

Stable microporous materials, such as zeolites, are extremely important for applications in catalysis, adsorption, ion-exchange, and separation. In this review we describe a new class of stable microporous materials that involves novel mixed octhaedral-tetrahedral framework oxides. The archetypal material is based on titanosilicates, although there is tremendous scope for introducing many other transition metals. These materials not only have potential novel applications in the fields normally associated with zeolites but also possible applications in the areas of optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, batteries, magnetic materials and sensors.
Synthesis of Pyrazolidin-3-ones from a,b-Unsaturated Sugar Lactones and Hydrazine (1993)

Conjugate additioncyclization of hydrazine to blactones (2,3, and 6) provides the respective pyrazolidin-3-ones as single products.The addition proceeds anti to the terminal carbon atom of the sugar lactone.Recently we have described direct stereospecific formation of isoxazolidin-5-ones (1) via conjugate additioncyclization involving N-substituted hydroxylamines and a$-unsaturated 8-lactones (2-4).1-3R1= H, OAc 2: R1= R2= H RZ=Me, Bn, CH2C6H,0CH3 3: R1= OAc, RZ= H 1 4: R1= H, RZ= OAc