gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Approaches to Exact Diagonalization and Selected Configuration Interaction with the Adaptive Sampling CI Method (2020)

Recent advances in selected configuration interaction methods have made them competitive with the most accurate techniques available and, hence, creating an increasingly powerful tool for solving quantum Hamiltonians. In this work, we build on recent advances from the adaptive sampling configuration interaction (ASCI) algorithm. We show that a useful paradigm for generating efficient selected CI/exact diagonalization algorithms is driven by fast sorting algorithms, much in the same way iterative diagonalization is based on the paradigm of matrix vector multiplication. We present several new algorithms for all parts of performing a selected CI, which includes new ASCI search, dynamic bit masking, fast orbital rotations, fast diagonal matrix elements, and residue arrays. The ASCI search algorithm can be used in several different modes, which includes an integral driven search and a coefficient driven search. The algorithms presented here are fast and scalable, and we find that because they are built on fast sorting algorithms they are more efficient than all other approaches we considered. After introducing these techniques, we present ASCI results applied to a large range of systems and basis sets to demonstrate the types of simulations that can be practically treated at the full-CI level with modern methods and hardware, presenting double- and triple-ζ benchmark data for the G1 data set. The largest of these calculations is Si<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> which is a simulation of 34 electrons in 152 orbitals. We also present some preliminary results for fast deterministic perturbation theory simulations that use hash functions to maintain high efficiency for treating large basis sets.
Domain Adaptation through Synthesis for Unsupervised Person Re-identification (2018)

Drastic variations in illumination across surveillance cameras make the person re-identification problem extremely challenging. Current large scale re-identification datasets have a significant number of training subjects, but lack diversity in lighting conditions. As a result, a trained model requires fine-tuning to become effective under an unseen illumination condition. To alleviate this problem, we introduce a new synthetic dataset that contains hundreds of illumination conditions. Specifically, we use 100 virtual humans illuminated with multiple HDR environment maps which accurately model realistic indoor and outdoor lighting. To achieve better accuracy in unseen illumination conditions we propose a novel domain adaptation technique that takes advantage of our synthetic data and performs fine-tuning in a completely unsupervised way. Our approach yields significantly higher accuracy than semi-supervised and unsupervised state-of-the-art methods, and is very competitive with supervised techniques.
Iridium-Catalyzed, Regio- and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution with Aromatic and Aliphatic Sulfinates (2009)

The iridium-catalyzed allylation of sodium sulfinate to form branched allylic sulfones is reported. The reactions between various sodium sulfinates and achiral allylic carbonates occur in good yields, with high selectivity for the branched isomer, and high enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).
Miniature Sensing System With FBAR-Based Oscillators and Frequency Shift Detector (2018)

This paper describes a highly sensitive sensing system for remote sensing applications. Typically, a resonant sensor based on film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) requires a frequency counter, impedance analyzer, or network analyzer to measure the shift of the resonant frequency. This paper presents a hand-held, low-cost but highly sensitive sensing system built with an FBAR-based oscillator and a phase-locked-loop for ppm-level detection of frequency shift as well as signal processing. The achieved voltage-frequency sensitivity is 1.035 V/kHz with the minimum detectable frequency shift of 4.81 ppm (5.21 kHz) and the dynamic range of 134 ppm (145 kHz). Also, the output of the sensing system is purposely designed to be a DC voltage that is linearly related to the frequency shift. To our knowledge, it is the first FBAR-based sensing system that converts the frequency shift to DC voltage.
Molecular and functional analysis of theXPBC/ERCC-3promoter: transcription activity is dependent on the integrity of an Sp1-binding site (1992)

The human XPBC/ERCC-3 gene, which corrects the excision-repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum group B cells and the UV-sensitive CHO mutant 27-1 cells, appears to be expressed constitutively in various cell types and tissues. We have analysed the structure and functionality of the XPBC/ERCC-3 promoter. Transcription of the XPBC/ERCC-3 gene is initiated from heterogeneous sites, with a major startpoint mapped at position -54 (relative to the translation start codon ATG). The promoter region does not possess classical TATA and CAAT elements, but it is GC-rich and contains three putative Sp1-binding sites. In addition, there are two elements related to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element (CRE) and the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-response element (TRE) in the 5'-flanking region. Transient expression analysis of XPBC/ERCC-3 promoter-CAT chimeric plasmids revealed that a 127-bp fragment, spanning position -129 to -3, is minimally required for the promoter activity. Transcription of the XPBC/ERCC-3 promoter depends on the integrity of a putative Sp1-binding site in close proximity to the major cap site. Band shift assays showed that this putative Sp1-binding site can interact specifically with a nuclear factor, most likely transcription factor Sp1 (or an Sp1-like factor) in vitro.
3D Printing of Scintillating Materials (2014)

We demonstrate, for the first time, the applicability of 3D printing technique to the manufacture of scintillation detectors. We report of a formulation, usable in stereolithographic printing, that exhibits scintillation efficiency on the order of 30\% of that of commercial polystyrene based scintillators. We discuss the applicability of these techniques and propose future enhancements that will allow tailoring the printed scintillation detectors to various application.
Characterization and comparison of 1% at Yb-doped Lu2O3 and Sc2O3 ceramics as laser gain media (2012)

We present the first laser oscillation achieved on Yb-doped Sc2O3 and Lu2O3 ceramics with a level of doping as low as 1 at %, under quasi-continuous wave pumping at 968 nm. Ceramic samples reached comparable performances in terms of tunability ranges, which exceeds 41 nm, and laser output powers. In particular, with the former sample emitting at 1040.5 nm we measured a maximum output power of 2.2 W with a corresponding slope efficiency of η = 59%. The latter medium delivered 1.8 W with a slope of η = 45% at 1032.5 nm while at 1078 nm we measured 1.5 W with η = 34%. Finally, we report the measured level of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) for both samples, which was found to be less than 0.1 mW at the maximum pump power.
A New Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Method with a Magnetic -Optical Common Preformat (1999)

We have developed a new perpendicular thermomagnetic recording method coupled with magnetic flux detection. Using a medium based on the material of a magneto-optical (MO) medium, we detected enough signal by a giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor, and the resolution is substantially improved. Compared to that of the latest magneto-optical disk drives 1) (0.4 μm/bit), the carrier-to-noise ratio of a reproduced signal from the shortest repetition (mark, space: 0.53 μm) is 5 dB higher, and the recording density reaches 0.13 μm/bit. Moreover, an optical signal and a magnetic flux signal from common embossed-pits were detected. This method can generate a tracking servo signal for a flux channel.
Severe asthma is an epithelial disease (2005)

Asthma is an important, clinically prevalent disease worldwide. Despite a better knowledge on the pathogenesis, the mechanisms underlying the induction and persistence of the disease are largely unknown. It is now accepted that airway inflammation and structural changes of the bronchi are important features. The relationships between those structural changes and clinical and functional abnormalities clearly deserved further investigations. These findings led to the reinforcement of the use of inhaled corticosteroids as the pivotal treatment for asthma. Nevertheless, there are still patients who have persistent symptoms, altered lung function and a high rate of exacerbations, despite long-term specialist follow-up and continuous optimal treatment. These severe patients have a major handicap in their daily life and are responsible for most of the costs created by asthma 1. Therefore, it is of major importance to better understand the mechanisms leading to this severe phenotype.

Almost one century ago, Ellis 2 highlighted that the pathology of asthma could be investigated by examining sputum from living patients or the lungs of patients who die during an attack. From these sources, the role of bronchial epithelium was clarified by describing elongated epithelial cells in the sputum and the presence of abnormalities of the pseudo-stratified and ciliated epithelium in most fatal cases, albeit it varied considerably as regards location and extent 2. The role played by …
Editorial: Strategies to overcome the barriers to effective inhaled treatments (2023)

EDITORIAL article Front. Drug Deliv., 19 July 2023Sec. Respiratory Drug Delivery Volume 3 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2023.1253709
Synthesis of 3-Amino-2-(3-indolyl)propanol and Propanoate Derivatives and Preliminary Cardiovascular Evaluation in Rats (1997)

A series of tryptamine analogues has been prepared and tested for their 5-HT1 receptor agonist properties. The incorporation of an alkoxy group at the C-5 position of the indole nucleus resulted in a short-lived and dose-dependent immediate antihypertensive and bradycardic response in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In addition, a carbomethoxy function at the beta-position of the side-chain of the tryptamines significantly increased the mean resting arterial blood pressure (MAP) in pithed rats and also produced contraction of the canine basilar artery in a dose-dependent fashion. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) suggest that the 5-alkoxy group is an important pharmacophore in the production of the antihypertensive effect and that the introduction of a hydroxymethylene group on the side-chain, instead of the carbomethoxy group, changed the receptor affinity profile.
Role of hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthase in endometrial cancer (2005)

The aim of this study was to determine if the immunohistochemical expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) and serum levels of hyaluronan correlate with the clinicopathological manifestations of endometrial carcinoma. Sera were obtained from 59 endometrial cancer patients and 22 post-menopausal healthy women. Concentration of hyaluronan in sera was measured by an inhibitory ELISA using a hyaluronan-binding protein. Tissues obtained from 59 endometrial cancer patients were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using anti-HAS1, anti-HAS2, anti-HAS3 and anti-CD44 antibody. A section was defined as having positive expression when >50% of the tumor cells were intensely stained. The expression of HAS1 was related to the depth of myometrial invasion, histological grade and lymph-vascular space involvement, but the expression of HAS2 and HAS3 was unrelated to these parameters. CD44 expression occurred more frequently in the HAS2- or HAS3-positive groups than in the HAS2- or HAS3-negative groups, and the expression of HAS1 was unrelated to CD44 expression. Serum levels of hyaluronan were higher in the endometrial cancer group than in the healthy control group, and increased with depth of myometrial invasion, histological grade and lymph-vascular space involvement. Serum hyaluronan levels were higher in the HAS1-positive group than in the HAS1-negative group, but the expression of HAS2 and HAS3 was unrelated to serum hyaluronan levels. HAS1 expression and an increase in serum hyaluronan in endometrial cancer may be associated with disease progression through myometrial invasion and lymph-vascular space involvement.
The Impact of Late-Career Job Loss and Genotype on Body Mass Index (2016)

This study examines whether the effect of job loss on body mass index (BMI) at older ages is moderated by genotype using twenty years of socio-demographic and genome-wide data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To avoid any potential confounding we interact layoffs due to a plant or business closure-a plausibly exogenous environmental exposure-with a polygenic risk score for BMI in a regression-adjusted semiparametric differences-in-differences matching framework that compares the BMI of those before and after an involuntary job loss with a control group that has not been laid off. Results indicate genetically-at-risk workers who lost their job before they were eligible for Social Security benefits, or before age 62, were more likely to gain weight. Further analysis reveals heterogeneous treatment effects by demographic, health, and socioeconomic characteristics. In particular, we find high risk individuals who gained weight after a job loss were more likely to be male, in worse health, single, and at the bottom half of the wealth distribution. Across the board, effects are concentrated among high-risk individuals who were not overweight prior to job loss, indicating unemployment at older ages may trigger weight gain in otherwise healthy or normal weight populations.
Optimising 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one as an electrolyte additive for Lithium-Ion cells (2020)

An effective method to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is to switch to renewables for energy generation and transportation. Since current sources of renewable energy, such as wind and solar, are intermittent, it is essential to find ways to store energy to match supply and demand. If vehicles are to be powered by renewable energy, they need portable energy storage. Currently, lithium-ion batteries are one of the most viable solutions for energy storage. Extending the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries is the goal of this research, carried out with Dr. David Hall of Dr. Jeff Dahn’s research group at Dalhousie University in late 2017. We developed and tested a chemical compound, 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one (PDO), which greatly improves the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries. One percent of this by weight in a cell’s electrolyte, along with two percent ethylene sulfate, will extend a battery’s lifespan more than three-fold over those containing conventional vinylene carbonate-containing electrolyte.
Human Being (1988)

Uncertainty about our ability to define the biological boundaries of human life is familiar. Currently, the most prominent issue is the definition of death—specifically whether to retain the traditional cardiopulmonary criteria for death or to adopt some version of so-called brain-death criteria. The law in some jurisdictions has already begun to permit physicians to pronounce death on a finding of “irreversible coma.” And though it is clear that transplant surgery and the development of life-support technology have given impetus to the change, a number of writers have taken pains to argue that it is perfectly sound, conceptually, to redefine death.
Abstract 15652: Cholesterol Uptake Capacity, a Novel Measure of High Density Lipoprotein Functionality for Coronary Risk Stratification (2016)

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to stimulate cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden macrophages is a better predictor of cardiovascular dise...
Design for failure analysis inserting replacement-type observation points for LVP (2009)

The method to insert observation points by replacing cells is proposed for laser voltage probing (LVP) measurements to ease failure analysis. Also proposed are a model of delay change with placing observation points and its insertion procedure that minimizes the number of timing violations. Evaluation in a commercial product circuit shows that ¿replacement-type¿ observation points can be inserted efficiently on critical paths which left less setup margin to insert ¿additional-type¿ ones. The number of timing violations caused insertion is a little and those can be easily fixed by using proposed delay model. The proposed method is thus practical for commercial product design and effective for delay fault analysis. This application will be attractive to find defects in complicated VLSI circuits because failure analysis becomes more difficult to downsize transistors smaller than the resolution of the failure analysis equipments such as LVP.
Elastic Full Waveform Inversion for Land Walkaway VSP Data from British Columbia, Canada (2014)

Summary Full waveform inversion (FWI) is capable of handling multicomponent borehole seismic data and reveals quantitative values of the subsurface medium properties, including compressional and shear-wave velocities. Careful treatment of the source wavelet is crucial for FWI success and is challenging task for land data because of the high variability of downgoing wavelets for different source positions caused by variations of near surface conditions. We present a feasibility study of anisotropic elastic FWI for the land walkaway vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data acquired in northeast British Columbia, Canada, with a vibrator source. FWI explained the data at medium frequencies and recovered a layered structure of the subsurface that agrees with reasonable accuracy with sonic measurements. The inverted source signature and shallow part of the model compensated for the variations of the downgoing wavelet.
Common oligosaccharide moieties inhibit the adherence of typical and atypical respiratory pathogens (2004)

Intervention in bacterial adhesion to host cells is a novel method of overcoming current problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are a problem in hospitals and could be used in bioterrorist attacks. A range of bacterial species was demonstrated to attach to an alveolar epithelial (A549) cell line. In all cases, cell surface oligosaccharides were important in attachment, demonstrated by reduced adhesion when A549 cells were pre-treated with tunicamycin. Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis displayed a restricted tropism for oligosaccharides compared to the environmental, opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Legionella pneumophila. The compound with the greatest anti-adhesion activity was p-nitrophenol. Other generic attachment inhibitors included the polymeric saccharides (dextran and heparin), GalNAcbeta1-4Gal, GalNAcbeta1-3Gal, Galbeta1-4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-3GlcNAc. Burkholderia pseudomallei attachment was particularly susceptible to oligosaccharide inhibition. Combinations of such compounds may serve as a novel generic therapeutics for respiratory tract infections.
Experimental and theoretical study of three-photon ionization of He(1s2p3Po) (2014)

A joint experimental and theoretical study of three-photon ionization of the $1s2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{P}^{o}$(${M}_{L}=0,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$) states of helium is presented. The ion yield is recorded in the 690--730 nm wavelength range for different laser pulse energies, using an excited helium beam produced by photodetachment of helium negative ions. Two series of asymmetric peaks due to two-photon resonances with $1snp$ and $1snf$ Rydberg states are observed. In one series, the peaks have tails towards higher frequencies, while in the other series the tails change direction for higher Rydberg states. An effective Hamiltonian is built in the dressed state picture, and a numerical model simulating the traversal of the helium atom across the laser pulse is developed. The simulated and observed ion yields are in good qualitative agreement. The observed behavior is shown to result from the contributions of two different resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization processes, depending on the magnetic quantum number ${M}_{L}$ of the initial state. The asymmetry reversal is explained by the strong $1s2p$--$1s3s$ dynamic Stark mixing for ${M}_{L}=0$.
Quantification of breast tissue index from MR data using fuzzy clustering (2005)

The study objective was to develop a segmentation technique to quantify breast tissue and total breast volume from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to obtain a breast tissue index (BTI) related to breast density. Our goal is to quantify MR breast density to improve breast cancer risk assessment for certain high-risk populations for whom mammography is of limited usefulness due to high breast density. A semi-automatic 3D segmentation technique was implemented based on a fuzzy c-means technique (FCM) to segment fibroglandular tissue from fat in the breast images. After validation on a phantom, our FCM technique was first used to test the breast tissue measures reproducibility in two consecutive MR examinations of the same patients. The technique was then applied to measure the BTI on 10 high-risk patients. Results of BTI obtained with the semi-automated FCM method were compared with BTI results for the same patients using two other techniques, manual delineation and global threshold. BTI measures correlated well with mammographic densities (Pearson coefficients r = 0.78 using MR manual delineation, and r = 0.75 using MR FCM). The breast tissue index could therefore become a common measure for future studies of using noncontrast MRI data.
Curriculum studies and the problem of knowledge: Updating the Enlightenment? (2007)

This article argues that, contrary to widespread views in the philosophy of education, the acquisition of knowledge, and therefore the nature of the knowledge to be acquired at school, is central t...
Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vivo Delivery of siRNA-Squalene Nanoparticles Targeting Fusion Oncogene in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2011)

We report the conjugation of the natural lipid squalene (SQ) with a small interfering RNA (siRNA), against the junction oncogene RET/PTC1, usually found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The acyclic isoprenoid chain of squalene has been covalently coupled with siRNA RET/PTC1 at the 3'-terminus of the sense strand via maleimide-sulfhydryl chemistry. Remarkably, the linkage of siRNA RET/PTC1 to squalene led to an amphiphilic molecule that self-organized in H(2)O as siRNA-SQ RET/PTC1 nanoparticles (NPs). The siRNA-SQ RET/PTC1 NPs, stable in H(2)O, were used for biological studies. In vitro, they did not show any cytotoxicity. Interestingly, in vivo, on a mice xenografted RET/PTC1 experimental model, RET/PTC1-SQ NPs were found to inhibit tumor growth and RET/PTC1 oncogene and oncoprotein expression after 2.5 mg/kg cumulative dose intravenous injections. In conclusion, these results showed that the "squalenoylation" offers a new noncationic plate-form for the siRNA delivery.
The International Children’s Digital Library: A Case Study in Designing for a Multilingual, Multicultural, Multigenerational Audience (2005)

The challenges encountered in building the InternationalChildren’s Digital Library (ICDL), a freely availableonline library of children’s literature are described. Thesechallenges include selecting and processing books fromdifferent countries, handling and presenting multiplelanguages simultaneously, and addressing cultural differences. Unlike other digital libraries that present content from one or a few languages and cultures, and focuson either adult or child audiences, ICDL must serve amultilingual, multicultural, multigenerational audience.The research is presented as a case study for addressingthese design criteria; current solutions and plans forfuture work are described.