gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TIC10/ONC201 synergizes with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition in glioblastoma by suppression of Mcl-1 and its binding partners in vitro and in vivo (2015)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. Current therapeutic options are sparse and the prognosis of patients suffering from this disease is grim. Abundance in intratumoral heterogeneity among different deregulated signaling pathways is a hallmark of glioblastoma and likely accounts for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. Glioblastomas harbor a plethora of deregulated pathways driving tumor formation and growth. In this study, we show that TIC10/ONC201, a promising compound that is currently in planned clinical development, along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition by ABT263 yields a strong synergistic antiproliferative effect on pediatric, adult, proneural glioblastoma and glioma stem-like cells. On the molecular level, treatment with TIC10/ONC201 results in a posttranslational decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), through modulation of the chaperone Bag3 and the deubiquitinase Usp9X. Consistently, the combination treatment of TIC10/ONC201 and ABT263 required the presence of functional BAX and BAK to drive intrinsic apoptosis, but is surprisingly independent of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, the expression of Noxa protein was required for efficient apoptosis induction by TIC10/ONC201 and ABT263. Importantly, the drug combination of TIC10/ONC201 and the BH3-mimetic, ABT263, led to a regression of tumors in vivo, without any notable toxicity and side effects. Overall, TIC10/ONC201 along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition holds significant promise as a novel potential approach for the treatment of recalcitrant tumors such as glioblastoma.
Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease Pathophysiology and Underlying Mechanisms (2021)

Rheumatic heart valve disease (RHVD) is a post-infectious sequel of acute rheumatic fever resulting from an abnormal immune response to a streptococcal pharyngitis that triggers valvular damage. RHVD is the leading cause of cardiovascular death in children and young adults, mainly in women from low and middle-income countries. It is known that long-term inflammation and high degree of fibrosis leads to valve dysfunction due to anatomic disruption of the valve apparatus. However, since public and private investments in RHVD studies are practically inexistent the number of publications is scarce. This disease shows different natural history and clinical presentations as compared to other degenerative heart valve diseases. Although more than five decades passed after the pioneering studies on the pathogenesis of RHVD, it is still unclear how self-tolerance mechanisms fail in this disease, and how humoral and cellular inflammatory responses are interconnected. Despite that pathological mechanisms have been already proposed for RHVD, none of them are able to explain the preferential involvement of the mitral valve. This review focuses on pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of RHVD.
Farm simulation: a tool for evaluating the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and the adaptation of dairy production to climate change (2015)

<abstract> <b>Extended Abstract.</b> Farms both produce greenhouse gas emissions that drive human-induced climate change and are impacted by that climate change. Process-level modeling at the farm scale provides a method for evaluating strategies for both mitigating emissions and adapting to climate change. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) simulates representative crop, beef or dairy farms over many years of weather to predict performance, economics and environmental impacts including various gas emissions and a farm-gate life cycle assessment of carbon, energy, water and reactive nitrogen footprints of the feed, meat or milk produced (Rotz et al., 2014). IFSM provides a useful tool for evaluating farm emissions and mitigation strategies and the effects of climate variability on the sustainability of production systems under a changing climate.
High-yield preparation of edge-functionalized and water dispersible few-layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) by direct wet chemical exfoliation (2021)

Owing to many fascinating properties including high thermal and chemical stability, excellent electrical insulation, fire-retardant and antibacterial properties, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as a prominent 2D material for broad applications. However, the production of high quality of hBN by chemical exfoliation from its precursor is still challenging. This paper presents a high-yield (+83%), low-cost and energy-efficient wet chemical exfoliation strategy, which produces few-layers (FL, 3-6 layers) of edge-functionalized (OH) hBN nanosheets with uniform size (486 ± 51 nm). This optimized preparation is established based on a comprehensive investigation on the key exfoliation parameters such as exfoliation temperature, time and amount of the oxidant (potassium permanganate). High quality of FL-hBN was confirmed by various characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The outcome of this study paves a promising pathway to effectively produce hBN through a cost-efficient exfoliation approach, which has a significant impact on industrial applications.
A Synthesis of 2-O-Methyl-l-ribose (1970)

A. H. Haines and P. R. Lundie, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1970, 1691 DOI: 10.1039/J39700001691
Metabolic Design of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Production of l-Cysteine with Consideration of Sulfur-Supplemented Animal Feed (2017)

l-Cysteine is a valuable sulfur-containing amino acid widely used as a nutrition supplement in industrial food production, agriculture, and animal feed. However, this amino acid is mostly produced by acid hydrolysis and extraction from human or animal hairs. In this study, we constructed recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strains that overexpress combinatorial genes for l-cysteine production. The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of the combined overexpression of serine acetyltransferase (CysE), O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (CysK), and the transcriptional regulator CysR on l-cysteine production. The CysR-overexpressing strain accumulated approximately 2.7-fold more intracellular sulfide than the control strain (empty pMT-tac vector). Moreover, in the resulting CysEKR recombinant strain, combinatorial overexpression of genes involved in l-cysteine production successfully enhanced its production by approximately 3.0-fold relative to that in the control strain. This study demonstrates a biotechnological model for the production of animal feed supplements such as l-cysteine using metabolically engineered C. glutamicum.
UAE6 - Wind Tunnel Tests Data - UAE6 - Sequence U - Raw Data (2022)

Sequences S, T, and U: Upwind, No Probes (F); Upwind 2° Pitch (F); Upwind 4° Pitch (F) This test sequence used an upwind, rigid turbine with a 0° cone angle. The wind speed ranged from 5 m/s to 25 m/s. Yaw angles of 0° to 180° were achieved for Sequence S, but the yaw angle remained at 0° for Sequences T and U. The blade tip pitch was 3° for Sequence S, 2° for Sequence T, and 4° for Sequence U. These three sequences were interleaved during testing because the pitch angle change was easily made by the turbine operator. The rotor rotated at 72 RPM. Blade pressure measurements were collected. The five-hole probes were removed and the plugs were installed. Plastic tape 0.03-mm-thick was used to smooth the interface between the plugs and the blade. The teeter dampers were replaced with rigid links, and these two channels were flagged as not applicable by setting the measured values in the data file to -99999.99 Nm. The teeter link load cell was pre-tensioned to 40,000 N. During post-processing, the probe channels were set to read -99999.99. In addition to the standard 30-second campaigns, yaw sweeps were done at 7 m/s and 10 m/s for the Sequence S configuration. These 6-minute campaigns were collected while the yaw drive rotated the turbine 360° at a rate of 1°/s. The file names for these campaigns use the letter designation, followed by two digits for wind speed, followed by YSU, followed by 00.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and liquid smokes // Controlled smoking - safe and economical (2003)

The administration of quercetin emulsion and nano-emulsion formulations could ameliorate the oxidative damage induced by chemotherapeutics, such as the 5-FU. Therefore, if confirmed in further studies, it could be used in clinical settings as a preventive and curative agent to decrease such catastrophic adverse events in chemotherapy patients.
Performance measurement and reliability of VRLA batteries (2002)

This paper provides a brief review and the level of understanding of some of the aspects of VRLA battery technology which determine performance and are potentially life limiting. It underlines the complex interrelationships involved and highlights their impact in narrowing the optimal "window" for VRLA cell design, process, and application. It describes how the search for a suitable technology to allow determination of the "state of health" of VRLA cells and batteries has resulted in the largest published capacity performance data base ever created for any type of industrial stationary lead acid battery. It then presents the results of actual discharge capacity tests on more than 24000 VRLA cells, describes the extent of premature failures discovered, the obvious implications on VRLA battery reliability, and the success of conductance and impedance techniques in detecting cell failure. Finally it urges aggressive pursuit of teardown diagnostics, which will be needed for proper understanding of failure modes in order to develop appropriate correctives in cell design and application.
Iron‐oxide labeling of hematogenous macrophages in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the contribution to signal loss in fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (FIESTA) images (2007)

This experiment provides the first direct evidence that macrophages of hematogenous origin are labeled with SPIO after intravenous administration of Feridex, and contribute to the regions of signal loss detected in MR images of EAE brain.
Ulnar Nerve Palsy After Elbow Arthroscopy (2006)

Reports of ulnar nerve injury as a result of elbow arthroscopy are rare in the literature. We report a case of ulnar nerve injury following arthroscopic debridement and retrograde drilling of the capitulum in a patient with symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans. The standard location of proximal medial portal placement is 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle at the level of the medial intermuscular septum. In this location, the ulnar nerve is protected from injury by the medial intermuscular septum. Extending this placement more proximally may negate this protection, leaving the nerve more susceptible to injury.
Automated detection of code smells caused by null checking conditions in Java programs (2016)

A null object in Java is occurred when an object is not initialized properly, but a property or a method in the object is called; resulting in the null pointer exception problem and low software quality. To solve this problem, developers usually create a number of null checking conditions in their codes. Duplicated null checking conditions affect the code quality. The duplicated code makes a computer program repeatedly and exhaustively checks for null value, therefore, it reduces the performance of the program. This research involves automatically detecting the code smells caused by null checking conditions in Java by using regular expression. The research specifically focuses on detecting (i) introduce null object, (ii) duplicated code, and (iii) null checking in a string comparison problem. Thirteen Java open-source projects were employed to verify and validate our approach. The detection results were significantly improved when using regular expression comparing to using Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) for detecting code smells caused by null checking conditions in Java programs.
Hypersaline fungi as a source of potentially active metabolites against pathogenic Candida species. (2022)

Opportunistic and nosocomial human infections by various Candida species are of serious global health concern especially due to the spread of drug resistant strains and lack of treatment options. One of the main problems of bioprospecting for novel antimycotics is the rediscovery of already known molecules. To reduce the chances of such rediscoveries, one option is to search for unique metabolites from microbes of less studied and extreme habitats. Thirty-five fungal strains were isolated from solar salterns and the methanolic extracts of their culture supernatants were tested for the inhibition of human-pathogenic Candida albicans , C. dubliniensis , C. glabrata , C. lusitaniae , C. tropicalis , and two clinical isolates of C. auris . Of the fungi screened, two, viz. Curvularia nodosa and Fusarium cf. foetens , showed significant growth inhibition of all the Candida species. Although the effective molecules were not identified in this preliminary screening, it highlights the importance of bioprospecting fungi from extreme environments which have been neglected in the search for novel antibiotics.
1962 Review of Metal Processing Literature (1964)

The purpose of this review is to appraise the important contributions to the knowledge of metalworking appearing in the published literature and to present a digest of this new knowledge through the Society as a contribution to the improvement of metalworking practices throughout industry.
Purification and Substrate Specificity of Honeybee, Apis mellifera L., α-Glucosidase III (2001)

Alpha-glucosidase III, which was different in substrate specificity from honeybee alpha-glucosidases I and II, was purified as an electrophoretically homogeneous protein from honeybees, by salting-out chromatography, DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Bio-Gel P-150, and CM-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. The enzyme preparation was confirmed to be a monomeric protein and a glycoprotein containing about 7.4% of carbohydrate. The molecular weight was estimated to approximately 68,000, and the optimum pH was 5.5. The substrate specificity of alpha-glucosidase III was kinetically investigated. The enzyme did not show unusual kinetics, such as the allosteric behaviors observed in alpha-glucosidases I and II, which are monomeric proteins. The enzyme was characterized by the ability to rapidly hydrolyze sucrose, phenyl alpha-glucoside, maltose, and maltotriose, and by extremely high Km for substrates, compared with those of alpha-glucosidases I and II. Especially, maltotriose was hydrolyzed over 3 times as rapidly as maltose. However, maltooligosaccharides of four or more in the degree of polymerization were slowly degraded. The relative rates of the k0 values for maltose, sucrose, p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside and maltotriose were estimated to be 100, 527, 281 and 364, and the Km values for these substrates, 11, 30, 13, and 10 mM, respectively. The subsite affinities (Ai's) in the active site were tentatively evaluated from the rate parameters for maltooligosaccharides. In this enzyme, it was peculiar that the Ai value at subsite 3 was larger than that of subsite 1.
Effect of adeno-associated virus on transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by ras gene and on tumorigenicity of an NIH 3T3 transformed cell line. (1986)

Transfection of NIH-3T3 cells with the plasmid pJ234, containing DNA from the human bladder carcinoma T24 cell line (ras gene), results in their transformation. Adeno-associated virus did not affect significantly the number of the transformed foci when different multiplicities of infection were used and when the virus was added to the cultures at different time intervals before or after transfection. A transformed cell line was derived following transfection of NIH 3T3 cells by the ras gene. Infection of these cells with adeno-associated virus resulted in a decrease in their growth rate and cloning efficiency. These infected cells showed a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency and an increase in the latent period for tumor appearance in nude mice.
ENHANCED RESTORATION OF ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING EXTENDED PRESERVATION IN UW SOLUTION BY PROVISION OF ADENOSINE DURING REPERFUSION (1991)

The extensive reduction of adenine nucleotides during preservation coupled with the loss of salvageable precursors during initial reflow may exacerbate recovery of adenine nucleotides in allograft liver following transplantation. The objective of this study was to assess whether provision of adenosine during reperfusion of rat liver stored for 20 hr in University of Wisconsin solution could enhance adenine nucleotide restoration. ATP and total adenine nucleotide content of livers perfused with an oxygenated Krebs/fluorocarbon solution containing 1 mM adenosine were restored to levels in vivo within 30 min of perfusion. Adenine nucleotide recovery in livers perfused without adenosine was only 65% of normal. Acute nutritional deprivation of the donor rats had no effect on adenine nucleotide restoration. These results indicate that a conditional deficiency of intracellular nucleotide precursors exists during initial reperfusion of liver subjected to extended storage in UW solution. Provision of supplemental adenosine to the allograft liver during initial reflow appears warranted to promote full and rapid restoration of adenine nucleotide content following extended preservation ex vivo.
Enhancement of goldfish virus-2 in vitro replication by the pesticides carbaryl and toxaphene (1983)

Goldfish virus-2 replication was enhanced in vitro by pretreatment of CAR cells with subcytotoxic concentrations of carbaryl and toxaphene. This phenomenon was time and temperature dependent. Shortening of pretreatment with carbaryl eliminated enhancement, which was observed for toxaphene only with substantially increased concentrations. Decreasing the temperature of pretreatment (4 degrees C) abrogated any enhancement by carbaryl and resulted in enhancement by toxaphene only at increased concentrations. Increased absorption of input virus was ruled out as a mechanism for enhancement, as was stimulation of cell division in the presence of pesticides over that of control cultures. Pretreatment of virus rather than cells did not result in enhancement.
SHARKS: Smart Hacking Approaches for RisK Scanning in Internet-of-Things and Cyber-Physical Systems based on Machine learning (2021)

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are increasingly being deployed across multiple functionalities. These devices are inherently insecure across their comprehensive software, hardware, and network stacks, thus presenting a large attack surface that can be exploited by hackers. In this article, we present an innovative technique for detecting unknown system vulnerabilities, manage associated vulnerabilities, and improve incident response when such vulnerabilities are exploited. The novelty of this approach lies in extracting intelligence from known real-world CPS/IoT attacks, representing them in the form of regular expressions, and employing machine learning (ML) techniques on this ensemble of regular expressions to generate new attack vectors and security vulnerabilities. Our results show that 10 new attack vectors and 122 new vulnerability exploits can be successfully generated that have the potential to exploit a CPS or an IoT ecosystem. The ML methodology achieves an accuracy of 97.4% and enables us to predict these attacks efficiently with an 87.2% reduction in the search space. We demonstrate the application of our method to the hacking of the in-vehicle network of a connected car. To defend against the known attacks and possible novel exploits, we discuss a defense mechanism for various classes of attacks.
Cloning and sequence analysis of a protective M-like protein gene from Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (1995)

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, a Lancefield group C streptococcus, is a frequently isolated opportunist pathogen from a variety of animal hosts, including the horse. Previous studies have indicated that equine strains carry antigens with characteristics of the antiphagocytic M proteins on the Lancefield groups A and G streptococci. We have cloned a protective M-like protein gene (SzPW60) of an equine strain of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus W60 and determined its sequence. This gene encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 40,123 which protects mice against subsp. zooepidemicus but not subsp. equi, stimulates antibodies which opsonize subsp. zooepidemicus but not equi, and reacts with antiserum to the protein of the parent strain. The predicted amino acid structure shows significant homology with the carboxy termini of groups A and G M proteins but no other homology. The M-like protein, although showing an extensive region of alpha helix, lacks the A, B, and C repeats found in group A M proteins and has a shorter signal sequence. A proline-rich region upstream from the LPSTGE motif contains 20 repeats of the tetrapeptide PEPK. The presence of this repeat region may account for the slow migration of the M-like protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Telemedicine solutions in cardiology: a joint expert opinion by the Information Technology and Telemedicine Committee of the Polish Cardiac Society, the Section of Noninvasive Electrocardiology and Telemedicine of the Polish Cardiac Society, and the Clinical Research Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences (short version, 2021) (2021)

Telemedicine involves diagnostic, therapeutic and educational services being offered remotely by healthcare professionals to exchange crucial clinical information. It is a rapidly developing form of medical activity and part of medical industry, with advanced technologies already available in Poland. Cardiology is one of the fields in which telemedicine methods were pioneered and introduced into everyday practice. Some of these methods have already become standard procedures for diagnosis and treatment in some Polish centers, with other soon to follow. Clinical study results not only demonstrate reliability and usefulness of telemedicine technologies but also show that their use in clinical practice improves the patients' prognoses and quality of life. Moreover, study results in highly developed countries show a potential cost-effectiveness of telemedicine from the perspective of healthcare systems. There is an unquestionable need to establish clear rules for telemedicine use in Poland, which would ensure their high quality and adequate clinical application. This paper is a summary of the current status of telemedicine solutions used in cardiology, with a particular focus on the Polish healthcare system, and presents both the commonly available solutions and those that are expected to develop rapidly in the near future.
Completely Subtyping Iso-recursive Types (2012)

Well-known techniques exist for proving the soundness of subtyping relations with respect to type safety. However, completeness has not been treated with widely applicable techniques, as far as we are aware. This paper develops some techniques for stating and proving that a subtyping relation is complete with respect to type safety and applies the techniques to the study of iso-recursive subtyping. The common subtyping rules for iso-recursive types—the “Amber rules”—are shown to be incomplete with respect to type safety. That is, there exist iso-recursive types τ1 and τ2 such that τ1 can safely be considered a subtype of τ2, but τ1≤τ2 is not derivable with the Amber rules. This paper defines new, algorithmic rules for subtyping isorecursive types and proves that the rules are sound and complete with respect to type safety.