gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolayer Damage in XPS Measurements As Evaluated by Independent Methods (1997)

The damage caused to amphiphilic n-alkane monolayers under XPS measurement conditions was assessed in a combined XPS-FTIR study supplemented by additional AFM imaging and contact angle measurements. Nine different self-assembled monolayer/substrate systems were examined, comprising a long chain silane (C18, OTS), a short chain silane (C1, MTS), a functional (COOH-terminated) long chain silane (C18, NTSox), a long chain carboxylic acid (C20, AA), and four different solid substrates (silicon, quartz, glass, and ZnSe). Significant differences were observed in the behavior of the various examined monolayer systems under identical X-ray irradiation conditions. These are interpreted in terms of effects associated with the specific mode of layer-to-surface and intralayer coupling, the size of the monolayer hydrocarbon core, and the presence of radiation-sensitive functional groups in the layer. All these factors and their influence on the degradation path followed by a particular monolayer upon exposure to the X-rays were found to be interrelated, giving rise to a variety of possible damage patterns, including an unexpected overall stabilization effect initiated by the preferential rapid loss of a labile top functional group (NTSox). XPS is shown to be insufficient as a tool for the evaluation of the radiation-induced damage in such ultrathin films, because of its insensitivity to loss of hydrogen and to structural transformations that occur without a net loss of carbon from the surface. Independent methods of surface analysis (mainly FTIR), applied in conjunction with XPS, provide a more comprehensive picture of the induced damage, thus permitting a realistic interpretation of the XPS experimental data as well as the design of improved data acquisition procedures. This could also assist in the tailoring of monolayers with predetermined degradability, for specific purposes. Finally, results of combined AFM-XPS-FTIR-contact angle measurements suggest the possible formation of a "diamond-like" surface film upon extensive X-ray irradiation of an OTS/Si monolayer.
Innate lymphoid cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity (2022)

Nothing to report.
NF‐κB activation prevents apoptotic oxidative stress via an increase of both thioredoxin and MnSOD levels in TNFα‐treated Ewing sarcoma cells (2004)

Repression of activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) participates in the anti-apoptotic effect of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in TNFalpha-treated Ewing sarcoma cells. As oxidative stress is one of the most prominent activators of JNK, we investigated the relationship between TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and the control of oxidative stress. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation resulted in an increase in TNFalpha-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Those ROS and lipid peroxides were both involved in TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, whereas only ROS elevation triggered sustained JNK activation. TNFalpha increased the level of two antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin and manganese superoxide dismutase by an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of expression or activity of these enzymes sensitized cells to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, indicating their functional role in protection from cell death. Thus, agents that inhibit activities of these enzymes may prove helpful in the treatment of Ewing tumors.
The Effect of 1,3-Diaryl-[1H]-pyrazole-4-acetamides on Glucose Utilization in ob/ob Mice (2001)

This article provides evidence of a new class of compounds, 1,3-diaryl-[1H]-pyrazole-4-acetamides, initially identified from their ability to increase glucose transport in an adipocyte and muscle cell line and ultimately demonstrating dramatic glucose lowering in ob/ob mice, a diabetic animal model. The lead compound, 1, possessed some behavioral-like effects which were removed by structural variation during the course of this investigation. Specifically, 11g (R1 = meta-CF(3), Ar2 = 4'biphenyl, R3 = diethylamide) illustrated the potency of this series with ED(50) values for glucose lowering in ob/ob mice of 3.0 mg/kg/day. Concomitant with its effect on glucose lowering, 11g also caused a 50% reduction in insulin levels consistent with an agent that increases whole body insulin sensitivity. 11g showed favorable pharmacokinetic data with acceptable absorption, negligible metabolism, and good duration of action. 11g demonstrated no appreciable adipogenic effect through PPAR gamma agonism, a characteristic of the thiazolidinediones (TZD), and so represents a potentially new class of agents for the treatment of diabetes.
Motor Neuron and Pancreas Homeobox 1 Mutations in Patients with Familial Neuroendocrine Tumors (2018)

Scott, Aaron T. MD; Tessmann, Jonathon B.; Braun, Terry PhD; Darbro, Benjamin W. MD; Breheny, Patrick PhD; Bellizzi, Andrew M. MD; Dillon, Joseph S. MD; O’Dorisio, Thomas M. MD Author Information
O & M IN The SPECIAL LIBRARY (1964)

Mr E.H. Ernest Jones, who until recently has been Head of the Central Information Services, Shell International Petroleum Company Limited, gave a talk (summarized here) which was, he said, intentionally short, since O &amp; M work was, he felt, something you do, rather than talk about! Lively discussion followed.
Box Embeddings: An open-source library for representation learning using geometric structures (2021)

Tejas Chheda, Purujit Goyal, Trang Tran, Dhruvesh Patel, Michael Boratko, Shib Sankar Dasgupta, Andrew McCallum. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. 2021.
Oblivious Document Capture and Real-Time Retrieval (2005)

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) strongly inhibit transcriptional activation mediated by nuclear hormone receptors, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4). COUP-TFs repress HNF-4-dependent gene expression by competition with HNF-4 for common binding sites found in several regulatory regions. Here we show that promoters, such as the HNF-1 promoter, which are recognized by HNF-4 but not by COUP-TFs are activated by COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII in conjunction with HNF-4 more than 100-fold above basal levels, as opposed to about 8-fold activation by HNF-4 alone. This enhancement was strictly dependent on an intact HNF-4 E domain. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that COUP-TFs enhance HNF-4 activity by a mechanism that involves their physical interaction with the amino acid 227 to 271 region of HNF-4. Our results indicate that in certain promoters, COUP-TFs act as auxiliary cofactors for HNF-4, orienting the HNF-4 activation domain in a more efficient configuration to achieve enhanced transcriptional activity. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory functions of COUP-TFs, suggesting their involvement in the initial activation and subsequent high-level expression of hepatic regulators, as well as in the positive and negative modulation of downstream target genes.
Lung epithelium as a sentinel and effector system in pneumonia – molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and signal transduction (2006)

Pneumonia, a common disease caused by a great diversity of infectious agents is responsible for enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bronchial and lung epithelium comprises a large surface between host and environment and is attacked as a primary target during lung infection. Besides acting as a mechanical barrier, recent evidence suggests that the lung epithelium functions as an important sentinel system against pathogens. Equipped with transmembranous and cytosolic pathogen-sensing pattern recognition receptors the epithelium detects invading pathogens. A complex signalling results in epithelial cell activation, which essentially participates in initiation and orchestration of the subsequent innate and adaptive immune response. In this review we summarize recent progress in research focussing on molecular mechanisms of pathogen detection, host cell signal transduction, and subsequent activation of lung epithelial cells by pathogens and their virulence factors and point to open questions. The analysis of lung epithelial function in the host response in pneumonia may pave the way to the development of innovative highly needed therapeutics in pneumonia in addition to antibiotics.
Vertebral deformities as predictors of non-vertebral fractures (1994)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent enzymes are involved in the biotransformation of harmful xenobiotics into more easily excretable metabolites. Cross-talk between the AhR pathway and the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway has been demonstrated previously, although the mechanism remains unclear and quite controversial. Because nickel is known to mimic hypoxia, we investigated the effects of short-term nickel exposure on AhR-dependent gene expression. Gene-chip analysis identified several AhR-dependent genes that are suppressed by exposure to nickel. Using Northern blots, we then confirmed that nickel can down-regulate both the basal and benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene-inducible expression of AhR-dependent genes in mouse and human cell lines. Using a HIF-1α knockout cell line and 3-[2-[4-(bis-(4-fluorophenyl) methylene]-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-4(1H)quinazolinone (R59949), which blocks HIF-1α protein accumulation, we show HIF-1α-independent suppression of AhR-dependent genes by nickel. Desferrioxamine and hypoxia were also able to suppress the basal and inducible expression levels of AhR-regulated genes. Finally, dimethyloxalylglycine, an inhibitor of Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases also inhibited AhR-dependent expression in a HIF-1α-independent manner. Our data suggest that an Fe(II)-, oxoglutarate-, and oxygen-dependent enzyme may directly or indirectly be involved in the regulation of AhR-dependent transcriptional activity by nickel and other hypoxia-mimicking agents.
Atomic-resolution electron holography in solids with localized sources (1990)

We demonstrate three-dimensional reconstructions of the relative positions of atoms in a crystal by holography with atomically localized incoherent electron sources. Example reconstructions are shown using experimentally measured reflection electron Kikuchi-scattering angular distributions.
PIRF-Nav 2: Speeded-up online and incremental appearance-based SLAM in an indoor environment (2011)

This paper presents a fast, online, and incremental solution for an appearance-based loop closure detection problem in an indoor environment. This problem is important in terms of the navigation of mobile robots. Appearance-based Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) for a highly dynamic environment, called Position Invariant Robust Feature Navigation (PIRF-Nav), was first proposed by Kawewong et al. in 2010. Their results showed major improvements from other state-of-the-art methods. However, the computational expense of PIRF-Nav is beyond real time, and it consumes a tremendous amount of memory. These two factors hinder the use of PIRF-Nav for mobile robot applications. This study proposed (i) modified PIRF extraction that makes the system more suitable for an indoor environment and (ii) new dictionary management that can eliminate redundant searching and conserve memory consumption. According to the results, our proposed method can finish tasks up to 12 times faster than PIRF-Nav, with only slight percentage decline in a recall, while the precision remains 1. In addition, for a more challenging task, we collected additional data from a crowded university canteen during lunch time. Even in this cluttered environment, our proposed method performs better with real-time processing compared with other methods.
Structure of Cavoxin, a New Phytotoxin from Phoma cava and Cavoxone, Its Related Chroman-4-One (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of Cavoxin, a New Phytotoxin from Phoma cava and Cavoxone, Its Related Chroman-4-OneA. Evidente, G. Randazzo, N. S. Iacobellis, and A. BottalicoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1985, 48, 6, 916–923Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50042a005https://doi.org/10.1021/np50042a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature stability of thin-film narrow-bandpass filters produced by ion-assisted deposition (1995)

Four types of single-cavity, thin-film, narrow-bandpass filter whose full width at half-maximum ranges from 0.5 to 1.1 nm are produced by ion-assisted deposition of alternating TiO(2)/SiO(2) or Ta(2)O(5)/SiO(2) layers upon eight substrates having differing coefficients of linear expansion, and the temperature stability of their center wavelengths is examined in the 1540-nm wavelength region. The temperature stability is shown to be greatly dependent on the coefficient of linear expansion of the substrate upon which the filter is deposited. For the eight substrates whose coefficients of linear expansion range from 0 to 142 × 10(-7)/°C, the temperature stability of the filters ranges from +0.018 to -0.005 nm/°C. Calculations based on a newly developed elastic strain model reveal that the main reason temperature stability of the center wavelengths exhibits substrate dependency is due to a reduction in film packing density brought about by volumetric distortion of the film, which is caused by stress induced from the substrate.
A New Synthesis of Mesoporous MSU-X Silica Controlled by a Two-Step Pathway (2000)

In the field of micelle templated structures (MTS), the MSU-X family of mesoporous silica is obtained by using nonionic poly(ethylene oxide)-based surfactants. We show that the microstructure of these materials is highly dependent on the initial pH conditions and that a first assembly step, using a mild acidity, which allowed us to obtain a stable solution containing micellar hybrid objects made of both surfactant micelles and small silica oligomers, can be determined in the 2−4 pH range. The second step of the synthesis consists of the condensation of the silica particles and can be performed in two different ways. Either the pH of the stable solution is increased to neutral values or small amounts of fluoride are added. With the second method both the nanostructure and the particle morphology are better controlled. This novel two-step synthesis leads in addition to hexagonal pore framework when assembly molecules such as Tween 60 or block copolymer Pluronic P123 are used as assembly agents.
Three Different Functional Microdomains in the Hepatitis C Virus Hypervariable Region 1 (HVR1) Mediate Entry and Immune Evasion (2012)

High genetic heterogeneity is an important characteristic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) that contributes to its ability to establish persistent infection. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) that includes the first 27 amino acid residues of the E2 envelope glycoprotein is the most variable region within the HCV polyprotein. HVR1 plays a major role in both HCV cell entry and immune evasion, but the respective contribution of specific amino acid residues is still unclear. Our mutagenesis analyses of HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture-derived HCV using the H77 isolate indicate that five residues at positions 14, 15, and 25-27 mediate binding of the E2 protein to the scavenger receptor class B, type I receptor, and any residue herein is indispensable for HCV cell entry. The region spanning positions 16-24 contains the sole neutralizing epitope and is dispensable for HCV entry, but it is involved in heparan binding. More importantly, this region is necessary for the enhancement of HCV entry by high density lipoprotein and interferes with virus neutralization by E2-neutralizing antibodies. Residues at positions 1-13 are also dispensable for HCV entry, but they can affect HCV infectivity by modulating binding of the envelope protein to scavenger receptor class B, type I. Mutations occurring at this site may confer resistance to HVR1 antibodies. These findings further our understanding about the mechanisms of HCV cell entry and the significance of HVR1 variation in HCV immune evasion. They have major implications for the development of HCV entry inhibitors and prophylactic vaccines.
Intraoperative Angiography Provides Objective Assessment of Skin Perfusion in Complex Knee Reconstruction (2014)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Operation Mode on Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Thermal Micro Flow Sensor (2008)

This paper reports the effect of the operation mode of a thermal micro flow sensor on the response characteristics. Micro Flow Sensor (MFS) is a thermal type fluid mass flow sensor fabricated by utilizing the MEMS technology. The performance of MFS greatly depends on the operation mode. The constant temperature mode provides wider measuring range and faster dynamic characteristics than the others. In the constant temperature mode, it is typically classified into two types of the control circuit, individual or integrated mode. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effect of the operation mode on static and dynamic characteristics of MFS. Two arrangements of MFS with the different distance between the heaters are tested. In the static characteristic test, the output signal level of the individual mode is much larger than that of the integrated mode. It depends on the distance between the heaters. The dynamic characteristics are evaluated in the frequency range up to 500 Hz under the oscillating flow condition generated by an acoustic speaker in an air flow channel. As a result, the individual mode indicates faster response than the integrated mode, and it is found that the frequency response of the individual mode depends on the distance between the heaters.
Nonvolatile Memory Based on Phase Transition in Chalcogenide Thin Film (1993)

Electrically erasable nonvolatile memories based on the reversible amorphous-crystalline phase transition were studied. In the appropriate set- and reset-conditions, more than 10 5 repetition cycles of write/erase were attained in the memory devices composed of As-Sb-Te films. Deterioration of memory devices was caused by the phase separation due to the segregation of crystallites in the active region in the memory cells and in the peripheral area around the active region. The phase separation in the peripheral area around the active region still occurred even in the memory devices using well-designed materials. Deterioration phenomena can be greatly suppressed by the reduction of the device geometry.
Green Synthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Mediated Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Structural and Magnetic Studies (2022)

The green, cost-effective and sustainable synthesis of nanomaterials has been a key concern of scientists and researchers. In this view, MNPs were prepared using a sapota plant leaf extract and the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles was engineered with unsaturated fatty acids. The first report on the effect of unsaturation on the size and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), prepared by the co-precipitation method, has been studied by coating surfactants on MNPs based on their unsaturation from zero to three (lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid). The size effect and magnetic properties of MNPs coated with a surfactant have been studied in comparison with uncoated magnetite nanoparticles. After the surface modification of the magnetite particle, it is necessary to check whether the magnetic property has been restored or not. Therefore, the magnetic property was studied. The presence of a surfactant on the surface of MNPs was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which was later confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The atomic structure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the size of uncoated and surfactant-coated MNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Scherrer equation by following XRD data. The magnetization property was analyzed by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 10, 100 and 300 K and both bared and surfactant-coated MNPs exhibited a superparamagnetic nature at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) study shows that MNPs coated with a surfactant have a lower saturation magnetization value in comparison to uncoated NPs, confirming surface layering. Because the magnetic fluid has been stabilized in the aqueous medium, the double-layer model is expected to prevail.
Fractal imaging (1998)

From the Publisher:
Basic rules govern our universe, and an understanding of these rules makes a wide array of subjects crystal-clear. Fractal is such a rule: it completely describes the geometry of a leaf in 24 numbers. This book tells how to apply this fractal rule to photographic images.
Thermal population of the 4$f^ {1}$5$d^ {1}$ state in $BaSO_{4}$:$Pr^ {3+}$ (2002)

Temperature-dependent measurements of luminescent intensity and lifetimes of the 4f 2 [ 1 S 0 → 1 I 6 ] and 4f 1 5d 1 →4f 2 emission for BaSO 4 :Pr 3 + were performed. It was found that the intensity of the 4f 1 5d 1 emission, relative to the 4f 2 emission, increases with higher temperature, and that the decay time of the 1 S 0 → 1 I 6 emission decreases from 190 to 56 ns. From both intensity and decay-time measurements an energy barrier between the 4f 2 [ 1 S 0 ] level and the first 4f 1 5d 1 state of about 0.04 eV was found. At T= 10 K also 4f 1 5d 1 →4f 2 emission can be observed, which has a decay time of 10 ns. Emission from the 4f 1 5d 1 state at low temperature is not thermally coupled with emission from the 1 S 0 state, but originates directly (not via the 1 S 0 level) from excitation in the 4f 1 5d 1 band. This emission can be excited efficiently when pumping on the low-energy side of the 4f 1 5d 1 excitation band. This phenomenon of direct 4f 1 5d 1 →4f 2 emission is only visible at low temperature as at higher temperatures, it is obscured by the 4f 1 5d 1 emission originating from the thermal population of the 4f 1 5d 1 state from the 1 S 0 level.