gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X‐ray Inspection of Flip Chip Attach Using Digital Tomosynthesis (1995)

To accommodate increasing levels of device integration at the chip level, circuit line densities in electronic packages are continually increasing. Greater circuit line density, in turn, necessitates a corresponding increase in package‐to‐board interconnection density, with I/O counts expected to reach over 600 by 1995. In conjunction with the upward trend in I/O counts are a complementary upward trend in clock speed and an opposing downward trend in package sizes driven by the need to provide more functionality in less space, particularly in notebooks and PCMCIA cards. To satisfy the requirements of increased I/O counts and clock speed, and reduced package sizes, various package‐to‐board interconnection technologies are being developed, such as flip chip attach (FCA) using C4 joints. However, FCA interconnections have a disadvantage of being very difficult, if not impossible, to visually inspect. Though automatic test equipment (ATE) can determine whether the package is functional, it cannot determine the quality and reliability of FCA interconnections. Of the possible inspection techniques available to assess the quality of FCA interconnections — differential laser thermal analysis, acoustic microscopy and cross‐sectional X‐ray radiography — only cross‐sectional X‐ray radiography is capable of accurate, automated inspection of production volumes. This paper will first examine the requirements for inspecting FCA joints and will then describe the various inspection alternatives, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Having described the potential advantage of one particular cross‐sectional X‐ray technique, digital tomosynthesis, the paper will conclude with some cross‐sectional images of FCA and SMT joints taken by a digital tomosynthesis system being developed for the inspection of FCA joints.
Current Therapeutic Relevance of Liver Gene Transfer (1994)

ABSTRACT The liver represents a model organ for gene therapy. A method has been developed for hepatic gene transfer in vivo by the direct infusion of recombinant retroviral vectors into the portal vasculature, which results in the persistent expression of exogenous genes. To determine if these technologies are applicable for the treatment of hemophilia B patients, preclinical efficacy studies were done in a hemophilia B dog model. When the canine factor IX complementary DNA was transduced directly into the hepatocytes of affected dogs in vivo, the animals constitutively expressed low levels of canine factor IX for more than 5 months. Persistent expression of the clotting factor resulted in reductions of whole blood clotting and partial thromboplastin times of the treated animals. Thus, long–term treatment of hemophilia B patients may be feasible by direct hepatic gene therapy in vivo.
Study on the Turbine Vane and Blade for a 1500°C Class Industrial Gas Turbine (1994)

This paper describes the summary of a three-year development program for the first-stage stationary vane and rotating blade for the next generation, 1500°C class, high-efficiency gas turbine. In such a high-temperature gas turbine, the first turbine vane and blade are the most important hot parts. Full-coverage film cooling (FCFC) is adopted for the cooling scheme, and directionally solidified (DS) nickel base superalloy and thermal barrier coating (TBC) will be used to prolong the creep and thermal fatigue life. The concept of the cooling configuration, fundamental cascade test results, and material test results will be presented.
Signs and implications of ischemia in unstable coronary artery disease (1993)

Signs and implications of ischemia in ECG at rest and at a predischarge exercise test (ET), were assessed in 911 patients with suspected or definite unstable coronary artery disease (CAD) - i.e. unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI). Included in the study were men below 70 years of age admitted to the coronary care units of 8 hospitals,without signs of myocardial dysfunction or other serious disease. Randomization to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 75 mg daily or placebo was performed in 796 patients, as a part of the RISC study. A symptom limited predischarge ET was performed by 855 patient,, In initial ECG:s at rest, ST-changes were a more unfavourable sign regarding cardiac eventsthan isolated T-inversion, while those with no ST-segment or T-wave changes had the best prognosis. However, among patients on ASA treatment, ST -depression in ECG at rest was of some, although limited prognostic value.Concerning the ET evaluation, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that exercise induced ST -depression and exercise tolerance were independent predictors of MI or death, while ST -depression, exercise tolerance and provoked chest pain were independent predictors of future severe angina. When both ST-depression and work capacity was considered, a 'high risk' response at ET implied a !-year rate for cardiac death of 3.6% and for Ml+death of 15.4%. The corresponding figures for a 'low risk' response were 0% and 3.9%. The differences between patients with 'high risk' and 'low risk' responses at the ET were highly significant also regarding future severe angina. The prognostic value of the ET remained high in subgroups based on cardiac enzyme levels, age, findings in ECG at rest, and medication at time for the ET.The risk of cardiac death or MI was comparably increased in all patients with ST-depression at exercise, regardless of the presence or absence of chest pain. Thus, evaluation of prognosis should be based on the presence of myocardial ischemia, whether symptomatic or not. ASA 75 mg daily reduced the risk of MI or death at least as well in patients with 'silent ischemia' as in those with 'symptomatic ischemia' at the ET, and should be a mainstay of the treatment of symptom-free individuals.Among patients on ASA treatment, the finding of ST-depression alone at exercise was an insufficient indicator of the irreversible end points, due to the reduced absolute risk of MI or death. When both ST -depression and exercise tolerance were used in the evaluation, it was possible to identify a definite low-risk subset (40% of the ASA group) with a !-year rate ofMI or death of 2.9%, where further invasive investigation does not seem warranted. In ASA treated patients, the 'high risk' response at the ET implied a risk of MI or death of 13.4% during the following year. In this relatively large subset additional prognostic tests would be useful. Until such methods arc readily available and evaluated, early coronary angiography and possible revascularization should be considered in patients with severe ischemia.
Viral targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of DC maturation as a dual strategy for immune subversion (2004)

DCs play a pivotal role in bringing forth innate and adaptive immune responses. Viruses can specifically target DCs, rendering them ineffective in stimulating T cells, which can ultimately lead to immunosuppression. In the present study we have identified several potential mechanisms by which lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) induces immunosuppression in its natural murine host. The immunosuppressive LCMV variant clone 13 (Cl 13) infects DCs and interferes with their maturation and antigen-presenting capacity as evidenced by a significant reduction in the surface expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 molecules. Additionally, Cl 13 infects hematopoietic progenitor cells both in vivo and in vitro, impairing their development. One mechanism by which hematopoietic progenitors are developmentally impaired is through the Cl 13–induced production of IFN-α and IFN-β (IFN-α/β). Mice deficient in the receptor for IFN-α/β show a normal differentiation of progenitors into DCs despite viral infection. Thus, a virus can evolve a strategy to boost its survival by preventing the maturation of DCs from infected progenitor cells and by reducing the expression of antigen-presenting and costimulatory molecules on developed DCs.
Genome sequencing of chimpanzee malaria parasites reveals possible pathways of adaptation to human hosts (2014)

Plasmodium falciparum causes most human malaria deaths, having prehistorically evolved from parasites of African Great Apes. Here we explore the genomic basis of P. falciparum adaptation to human hosts by fully sequencing the genome of the closely related chimpanzee parasite species P. reichenowi, and obtaining partial sequence data from a more distantly related chimpanzee parasite (P. gaboni). The close relationship between P. reichenowi and P. falciparum is emphasized by almost complete conservation of genomic synteny, but against this strikingly conserved background we observe major differences at loci involved in erythrocyte invasion. The organization of most virulence-associated multigene families, including the hypervariable var genes, is broadly conserved, but P. falciparum has a smaller subset of rif and stevor genes whose products are expressed on the infected erythrocyte surface. Genome-wide analysis identifies other loci under recent positive selection, but a limited number of changes at the host-parasite interface may have mediated host switching.
A Randomized Phase II Study of Imatinib and Rituximab for Cutaneous Sclerosis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2015)

Cutaneous sclerosis (CS) occurs in 20% of patients (pts) with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and can severely compromise patient mobility and quality of life. Prospective, multi-center, randomized, two-arm phase II crossover trial of imatinib (200 mg daily by mouth, provided by Novartis) and rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously weekly x 4 doses, repeatable after 3 months, provided by Genentech) for treatment of CS at 11 institutions within the Chronic GVHD Consortium (NCT01309997). CS was defined as sclerotic skin, morphea, myofascial involvement or joint contractures diagnosed within the past 18 months (a score of ≥2 in any area on the Vienna Skin Score (VSS), or a score of 5 or less at the shoulders, elbows, or wrists, or a score of 3 or less at the ankles on the photographic range of motion (P-ROM)). The primary endpoint was the significant clinical response (SCR) rate at 6 months, defined as a 2 or more point improvement on the VSS without worsening elsewhere or a 1-2 point improvement in the P-ROM scale without worsening elsewhere. Crossover was allowed at 6 months if CS did not improve, or earlier for CS progression or drug intolerance. Treatment success was defined as achievement of SCR at 6 months without crossing over to the second medication, recurrence of malignancy or death. With 37 pts per arm, SCR +/- 15% could be estimated. 72 pts were enrolled between March 2011 and June 2014, 35 randomized to imatinib and 37 to rituximab. The median age was 56 years (range 19-77), 44% were female, and all had organs other than skin involved with chronic GVHD at study enrollment. The median time from cGVHD onset to study enrollment was 1.0 year (range 0-3.8). 64 pts are evaluable for the primary endpoint; 8 have less than 6 months of follow-up. SCR was observed in 10/31 (32%) pts randomized to imatinib and 7/33 (21%) randomized to rituximab. Among SCR pts, 4 imatinib and 3 rituximab pts crossed over due to clinician-perceived lack of response despite SCR. Treatment success occurred for 6 (19%) on the imatinib arm and 4 (12%) on the rituximab arm. SCR based on stringent objective improvement in physical findings was seen in <35% at 6-months after initial treatment with either imatinib or rituximab for CS, but treatment success was <20%. These results support the need for new therapies for CS.Table.Initial RandomizationImatinibRituximabN randomized3537Patients with less than 6 months follow-up44Evaluable patients3133Significant clinical response10 (32%)7 (21%) •Treatment success: SCR without crossover, relapse or death at 6 months6 (19%)4 (12%)Treatment failure at 6 months26 (84%)29 (88%) •No significant clinical response (SCR)*2024 •Crossover to the other arm*2220 •Relapse or death*37 Open table in a new tab
Design and nonlinear servo control of MEMS mirrors and their performance in a large port-count optical switch (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate full closed-loop control of electrostatically actuated double-gimbaled MEMS mirrors and use them in an optical cross-connect. We show switching times of less than 10 ms and optical power stability of better than 0.2 dB. The mirrors, made from 10-/spl mu/m-thick single-crystal silicon and with a radius of 400-450 /spl mu/m, are able to tilt to 8/spl deg/ corresponding to 80% of touchdown angle. This is achieved using a nonlinear closed-loop control algorithm, which also results in a maximum actuation voltage of 85 V, and a pointing accuracy of less than 150 /spl mu/rad. This paper will describe the MEMS mirror and actuator design, modeling, servo design, and measurement results.
More experience with data flow testing (1993)

Experience is provided about the cost and effectiveness of the Rapps-Weyuker data flow testing criteria. This experience is based on studies using a suite of well-known numerical programs, and supplements an earlier study (Weyuker 1990) using different types of programs. The conclusions drawn in the earlier study involving cost are confirmed in this study. New observations about tester variability and cost assessment, as well as fault detection, are also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Low-Voltage Mobility-Based Frequency Reference for Crystal-Less ULP Radios (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The design of a 100 kHz frequency reference based on the electron mobility in a MOS transistor is presented. The proposed low-voltage low-power circuit requires no off-chip components, making it suitable for application in wireless sensor networks (WSN). After a single-point calibration, the spread of its output frequency is less than 1.1% (3<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sigma $</tex></formula>) over the temperature range from <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-{\hbox{22}}\,^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> to 85<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex> </formula>. Fabricated in a baseline 65<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$~$</tex></formula>nm CMOS technology, the frequency reference circuit occupies 0.11<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ \hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> and draws 34<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\ \mu\hbox{A}$</tex></formula> from a 1.2 V supply at room temperature. </para>
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates Bearing Fmoc as Temporary Hydroxy Protecting Group: A New Access to Solid‐Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy and bleeding in intensive care in patients undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective analysis (2018)

Discontinuation of ticagrelor and prasugrel for more than 72 h before urgent CABG was not associated with higher bleeding rates compared to treatment with ASA monotherapy. In contrast, discontinuation for less than 24 h was associated with higher use of blood products. For ticagrelor, this study supports evidence and recent guidelines proposing a shorter discontinuation time of 3 days and raises the question of whether the same could be true for prasugrel.
Palmitoylation Controls NMDA Receptor Function and Steroid Sensitivity (2021)

NMDARs are ligand-gated ion channels that cause an influx of Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> into postsynaptic neurons. The resulting intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> transient triggers synaptic plasticity. When prolonged, it may induce excitotoxicity, but it may also activate negative feedback to control the activity of NMDARs. Here, we report that a transient rise in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> (Ca<sup>2+</sup> challenge) increases the sensitivity of NMDARs but not AMPARs/kainate receptors to the endogenous inhibitory neurosteroid 20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3α-yl 3-sulfate and to its synthetic analogs, such as 20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3α-yl 3-hemipimelate (PAhPim). In cultured hippocampal neurons, 30 μm PAhPim had virtually no effect on NMDAR responses; however, following the Ca<sup>2+</sup> challenge, it inhibited the responses by 62%; similarly, the Ca<sup>2+</sup> challenge induced a 3.7-fold decrease in the steroid IC<sub>50</sub> on recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors. The increase in the NMDAR sensitivity to PAhPim was dependent on three cysteines (C849, C854, and C871) located in the carboxy-terminal domain of the GluN2B subunit, previously identified to be palmitoylated (Hayashi et al., 2009). Our experiments suggested that the Ca<sup>2+</sup> challenge induced receptor depalmitoylation, and single-channel analysis revealed that this was accompanied by a 55% reduction in the probability of channel opening. Results of <i>in silico</i> modeling indicate that receptor palmitoylation promotes anchoring of the GluN2B subunit carboxy-terminal domain to the plasma membrane and facilitates channel opening. Depalmitoylation-induced changes in the NMDAR pharmacology explain the neuroprotective effect of PAhPim on NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. We propose that palmitoylation-dependent changes in the NMDAR sensitivity to steroids serve as an acute endogenous mechanism that controls NMDAR activity.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> There is considerable interest in negative allosteric modulators of NMDARs that could compensate for receptor overactivation by glutamate or <i>de novo</i> gain-of-function mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. By a combination of electrophysiological, pharmacological, and computational techniques we describe a novel feedback mechanism regulating NMDAR activity. We find that a transient rise in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> increases NMDAR sensitivity to inhibitory neurosteroids in a process dependent on GluN2B subunit depalmitoylation. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of steroid action at the NMDAR and indeed of the basic properties of this important glutamate-gated ion channel and may aid in the development of therapeutics for treating neurologic and psychiatric diseases related to overactivation of NMDARs without affecting normal physiological functions.
Campylobacter jejuni as a Primary Colonizing Biofilm Former (2008)

Campylobacter jejuni can be difficult in the environment and extremely fragile, therefore carry-over between flocks has been difficult to explain. The aim of the study was to determine if the survival of C. jejuni outside the host could be due to a capability to form biofilms. In these experiments, C. jejuni was cultured under conditions of starvation, temperature variations, different cell concentrations, after passage through a chick gastrointestinal tract or with a conditioning film. However, no evidence of attachment and biofilm formation was found outside of growth conditions. Since growth conditions usually do not occur outside the host, it may be concluded that C. jejuni is most likely not a primary biofilm colonizer outside the host. These studies indicate that C. jejuni may utilize a strategy other than primary biofilm formation to survive outside the host.
High-throughput sequencing defines donor and recipient HLA B-cell epitope frequencies for prospective matching in transplantation (2021)

Compatibility for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes between transplant donors and recipients improves graft survival but prospective matching is rarely performed due to the vast heterogeneity of this gene complex. To reduce complexity, we have combined next-generation sequencing and in silico mapping to determine transplant population frequencies and matching probabilities of 150 antibody-binding eplets across all 11 classical HLA genes in 2000 ethnically heterogeneous renal patients and donors. We show that eplets are more common and uniformly distributed between donors and recipients than the respective HLA isoforms. Simulations of targeted eplet matching shows that a high degree of overall compatibility, and perfect identity at the clinically important HLA class II loci, can be obtained within a patient waiting list of approximately 250 subjects. Internal epitope-based allocation is thus feasible for most major renal transplant programs, while regional or national sharing may be required for other solid organs.
Bake Hardening Analysis of 22MnB5 PHS by the Impulse Internal-Friction (2017)

The dislocation-point defect interactions in press hardened 22MnB5 steel were characterized by the impulse internal friction technique. The analysis focused on the interaction between the interstitial carbon and the dislocation in the as-die quenched lath martensite and the effect of the paint-baking process on the carbon/dislocation interaction. The results showed that whereas the paint-baking affected the dislocation-enhanced Snoek peak, the Snoek-Ke-Koster peak was unaffected by the aging processes occurring during paint baking. A deformation carried out after the paint-baking resulted in the enhancement of the dislocation-enhanced Snoek peak.
Hybrid observer design for a class of nonlinear systems (2009)

Delay approach to continuous-discrete observer design for Lipschitz nonlinear systems is discussed. First, the convergence conditions of the nonlinear observer with a linear output correction are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In the second part of this note, new matrix conditions are derived to ensure the convergence of the hybrid observer with both linear and nonlinear correction terms.
Synthesis and spectral data for some derivatives of N-aryloxamic acid hydrazides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and spectral data for some derivatives of N-aryloxamic acid hydrazidesRichard J. CremlynCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1974, 19, 3, 288–294Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60062a005https://doi.org/10.1021/je60062a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts