gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Coplanar Vivaldi-Style Launcher for Goubau Single-Wire Transmission Lines (2017)

In this letter, we present a coplanar Vivaldi-style launcher for single-wire transmission lines (SWTLs), sometimes called Goubau lines. The launcher converts a transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) mode from a coaxial feed port to the transverse magnetic (TM01) surface-wave mode supported by the SWTL. The original Goubau design for SWTL launchers uses large horns to enforce the mode conversion. In contrast, the proposed coplanar Vivaldi-type launcher comprises a planar structure with dimensions of 100 mm × 150 mm, which is more convenient to install on existing infrastructure, such as power lines, communication wires, structural steel cables, or pipes. The proposed launcher can be used to provide a broadband communication channel for ultrahigh frequency and microwave radio-frequency signals from 0.81 to 2.29 GHz. It has a measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 1.39 GHz. The measured line loss with an 8 mm diameter SWTL conductor is approximately 0.19 dB/m at 1.5 GHz, which is comparable to high-quality coaxial cables. We have also shown that multiple launcher pairs can be used back-to-back on the same SWTL conductor to provide isolated communication links. With a launcher separation distance of 250 mm, the measured back-to-back isolation exceeds 30 dB.
Effect of Fall Herbicide Treatments and Stage of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Senescence on Control1 (2002)

Two field studies evaluating horsenettle control were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to examine the efficacy of various fall-applied herbicides and rates and to evaluate the effect of the stage of horsenettle senescence on the effectiveness of fall glyphosate applications. The herbicides and rates evaluated in the fall herbicide efficacy study included 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai/ha glyphosate, 1.7, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai/ha glyphosate-trimesium, 0.6, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ai/ha dicamba, 0.06 plus 0.16, 0.09 plus 0.2, or 0.17 plus 0.44 kg ai/ha BAS 654 plus dicamba, respectively, or 2.2 kg ai/ha glyphosate plus 0.6 kg ai/ha dicamba. The highest horsenettle control in the following spring was observed with all rates of glyphosate or glyphosate-trimesium, the highest rate of BAS 654 plus dicamba, or glyphosate plus dicamba. In the study on the horsenettle stage of senescence, 2.2 kg ai/ha glyphosate was applied at stages of senescence in the fall. The presenescence stage reduced horsenettle shoot density from fall to spring and provided the highest level of control in June and July of the following year compared with plants that had already begun leaf color change and leaf drop.Nomenclature: BAS 654, 2-(1-[([3,5-difluorophenylamino]carbonyl)-hydrazono]ethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, proposed common name diflufenzopyr; dicamba; glyphosate; horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. #3 SOLCA.Additional index words: Fall herbicide applications, perennial weed management.Abbreviations: COC, crop oil concentrate; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; UAN, urea ammonium nitrate; WAP, weeks after planting.
FCC catalyst trends: Responding to the challenges of the 1990`s (1995)

The FCC unit has traditionally been the major gasoline producer in refinery operations. In recent years the operating objectives for FCCU`s have become increasingly complex as refiners have adapted to the changing demands of the marketplace. These factors include octane demand due to lead phaseout, increased use of opportunity feeds such as purchased gas oils and resid, implementation of reformulated gasoline production, and integration with petrochemical operations as a feedstock producer. FCC process technology advances, such as improved feed distribution and installation of advanced riser termination designs, have been incorporated into a growing number of units. These changes have had a marked impact on FCC unit operations. One of the key variables in addressing these continually changing needs is the catalyst. Customization of fresh catalyst properties to address specific unit needs has become standard practice. The interaction of the fresh catalyst properties, catalyst management policy, feedstock and operating variables ultimately dictate the properties of the equilibrium catalyst inventory. Engelhard maintains an extensive data base of equilibrium FCC catalyst properties for operating units worldwide compiled from the ongoing equilibrium catalyst analysis service. An analysis of some of the trends in activity and selectivity related parameters through the first half of themore » 1990`s offers insight into how refiners have adapted this key part of their FCCU operation to meet their ever changing demands.« less
Direct transitions among the allotropic forms of boron nitride at high pressures and temperatures (1975)

The direct transition behavior among the graphitic (hBN), wurtzitic (wBN), and zincblende (zBN) crystal forms of boron nitride is investigated as a function of temperature for pressures up to 130 kbar. At pressures in the 45 to 70 kbar range, direct transformation of both the hBN and wBN forms to the zincblende form are observed and at higher pressures (85 kbar and above) direct transformation of hBN to wBN is also observed. A pressure/temperature phase diagram is presented for pressures up to 130 kbar. In this pressure range, the thermodynamically stable solid phases are hBN and zBN, the experimental behavior indicating that wBN is not thermodynamically stable over this range. From temperature/time data, the activation energy for both the hBN to zBN and wBN to zBN transitions is estimated to be about 200 kcal/mole. From these high activation energies it is concluded that the direct conversion processes essentially require disruption of the hBN and wBN lattices before the atoms can re-form into the zincblende structure.
Finline ortho-mode transducer for millimeter waves (1999)

We evaluate the possibility of using a finline ortho-mode transducer (OMT) at millimeter wavelengths. A finline OMT has low loss, low cross-polarization, and good return loss over a full waveguide band. We propose a novel finline OMT structure for millimeter-wavelengths and present results at X-band.
ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION (1971)

THE APPLICATION PHILOSOPY AND METHODS OF THE ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUE ARE DISCUSSED. CASES IN WHICH THE TECHNIQUE IS APPLIED TO MEASURE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OUTSIDE THE LABORATORY ALSO ARE PRESENTED. THESE RANGE FROM THE MONITORING OF WELDS FOR CRACK FORMATION TO THE SURVEILLANCE OF BUILDINGS AND EARTH STRUCTURES FOR STRUCTURAL DETERIORATION./ AUTHOR/
Production and characterization of attosecond electron bunch trains (2008)

We report the production of optically spaced attosecond electron microbunches produced by the inverse free-electron-laser (IFEL) process. The IFEL is driven by a Ti:sapphire laser synchronized with the electron beam. The IFEL is followed by a magnetic chicane that converts the energy modulation into the longitudinal microbunch structure. The microbunch train is characterized by observing coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) at multiple harmonics of the bunching. Experimental results are compared with 1D analytic theory showing good agreement. Estimates of the bunching factors are given and correspond to a microbunch length of 410 attosec FWHM. The formation of stable attosecond electron pulse trains marks an important step towards direct laser acceleration.
Anti‑tumor effects of an aqueous extract ofEcklonia cavain BALB/cKorl syngeneic mice using colon carcinoma CT26 cells (2023)

<i>Ecklonia cava</i> (<i>E. cava</i>) is well known as one of edible alga that contains various unique polyphenols. The anti‑tumor activity of an aqueous extract of <i>E. cava</i> (AEC) against colon carcinoma was evaluated by analyzing the alterations in tumor growth, histopathological structure and molecular mechanisms in CT26 tumor‑bearing BALB/cKorl syngeneic mice after administrating AEC for five weeks. AEC contained high total phenolic contents and demonstrated significant scavenging activity against 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl radicals. Marked anti‑tumor effects were demonstrated in the AEC‑treated CT26 cells. In the <i>in vivo</i> syngeneic model, the AEC treatment decreased the volume and weight of CT26 tumors, and expanded the necrotic region in the hematoxylin and eosin stained tumor sections. The inhibitory effects of AEC on tumor growth were reflected by the increased level of apoptotic proteins, inhibition of cell proliferation, suppression of metastasis ability and increase in tumor‑suppressing activity in CT26 tumor‑bearing BALB/cKorl syngeneic mice. The potential function of phlorotannin (PT), one of the primary active compounds in AEC, was demonstrated by the increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation in PT‑treated CT26 cells. Overall, the results of the present study provide novel scientific evidence that AEC can suppress the growth of CT26 colon cancer by activating apoptosis, suppressing cell proliferation, inhibiting cell migration and enhancing the tumor‑suppressing activity.
Fragment Hit Discovery and Binding Site Characterization by Indirect Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Application to Factor XIIa (2021)

Fragment-based lead discovery is a usual strategy in drug discovery to identify innovative lead compounds. The success of this approach strongly relies on the capacity to detect weak binders and characterize their binding site. NMR and X-ray crystallography are the conventional technologies used to tackle this challenge. However, their large protein consumption and the cost of equipment reduce their accessibility. Here, an affinity capillary electrophoresis methodology was developed that enables the detection of mM binders, the determination of dissociation constants, and the characterization of the fragment binding site. On the basis of multiple equilibrium theory, dissociation constants in the μM-mM range were determined, and a new methodology is proposed to establish graphically if two fragments bind the same protein pocket. The applicability of this methodology was demonstrated experimentally on coagulation factor XIIa by evaluating pairs of fragments with expected behavior. This study reinforces the significance of using affinity capillary electrophoresis to gather valuable information for medicinal chemistry projects.
The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) Forms a Complex with the PDZ Domain-containing Protein Ligand-of-Numb Protein-X (LNX) (2003)

The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) functions as a virus receptor, but its primary biological function is unknown. A yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify Ligand-of-Numb protein-X (LNX) as a binding partner to the intracellular tail of CAR. LNX harbors several protein-protein interacting domains, including four PDZ domains, and was previously shown to bind to and regulate the expression level of the cell-fate determinant Numb. CAR was able to bind LNX both in vivo and in vitro. Efficient binding to LNX required not only the consensus PDZ domain binding motif in the C terminus of CAR but also upstream sequences. The CAR binding region in LNX was mapped to the second PDZ domain. CAR and LNX were also shown to colocalize in vivo in mammalian cells. We speculate that CAR and LNX are part of a larger protein complex that might have important functions at discrete subcellular localizations in the cell.
The human pharmacology of reboxetine (1998)

Reboxetine is a novel antidepressant with a potent noradrenaline uptake-inhibiting property, but with little affinity for neurotransmitter receptors. Desipramine is a classical tricyclic antidepressant which, apart from inhibiting noradrenaline uptake, also has affinity for muscarinic cholinoceptors and α1-adrenoceptors, which can result in unwanted side effects. Single doses of reboxetine (1, 2 and 4 mg) and desipramine (25, 50 and 100 mg), were compared with placebo in 37 healthy volunteers, on several autonomic functions. Reboxetine antagonised tyramine-evoked mydriasis, indicating noradrenaline-uptake blockade in the iris. The antidepressant increased blood pressure, heart rate, and resting pupil diameter and shortened the recovery time of the light reflex response consistent with a sympathomimetic effect resulting from noradrenaline-uptake blockade in peripheral tissues. Both antidepressants reduced salivation and light reflex amplitude, but failed to antagonise pilocarpine-evoked miosis, a response mediated by muscarinic cholinoceptors. Therefore, the effects on salivation and light reflex amplitude are unlikely to be due to muscarinic receptor blockade, but may rather reflect enhancement of noradrenergic inhibition of central parasympathetic nuclei as a result of noradrenaline-uptake blockade. Both antidepressants failed to antagonise phenylephrine-evoked sweating and methoxamine-evoked mydriasis, responses mediated by α1-adrenoceptors, consistent with their low affinity for these receptors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bentonites - (2020)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bentonites&lt;/b&gt; are rocks mostly consisting of swelling clay minerals. They were first described from the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming, USA. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Because of their useful properties (e.g. highly adsorbent, cation exchanging, swelling), bentonites have many uses, in industry (among them as drilling mud, purification agent, binder, adsorbent, paper production), culture (for e.g. pottery) and medicine/cosmetics/cat litter, civil engineering, and in the future even in the disposal of high-level nuclear waste. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Particular chemical characteristics of bentonite clay minerals are rather variable but critically determine their suitability for a particular application. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The 15 specialist authors discuss bentonite terminology, classification and genesis and use in eight chapters. Individual chapters deal with the methods bentonites are analysed with, their properties and performance in terms of parameters such as cation exchange capactiy, rheology, coagulation concentraion, water uptake capacity, free swelling, and electrical resistivity (amongst others). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; A chapter is dedicated to the sources of bentonites, the technology employed to produce them, and how quality control is carried out both in the mine and the laboratory. A further chapter is dedicated to methods of processing the mined material, different activation methods, drying, grinding, and purification. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;P&gt; Use cases for bentonites are discussed in a chapter of its own. References, a section on norms and standards, and a list of abbreviations complete the text. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The volume addresses students, researchers, and professionals in the mineral industry dealing with bentonite and their clay-mineral constituents, quality assessement and control, and persons that use bentonites in their products. &lt;/p&gt;
Structure−Activity Relationship of Hydroxamate-Based Inhibitors on the Secretases that Cleave the Amyloid Precursor Protein, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, CD23, and Pro-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (2002)

Multiple proteins are proteolytically shed from the membrane, including the amyloid precursor protein (APP) involved in Alzheimer's disease, the blood pressure regulating angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), the low affinity IgE receptor CD23, and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The inhibitory effect of a range of hydroxamic acid-based compounds on the secretases involved in cleaving and releasing these four proteins has been examined to build up a structure-activity relationship. Compounds have been identified that can discriminate between TNF-alpha convertase and the other three secretases (compound 15), between the shedding of CD23 and the shedding of APP and ACE (compound 21), and between the secretases and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (compound 22). The structure-activity relationship for the APP alpha-secretase and the ACE secretase were remarkably similar, and both secretases were activated in whole cell systems by the serine proteinase inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. The basal and carbachol-stimulated shedding of APP and ACE from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells could not be differentiated by any of the hydroxamate compounds, implying that the same or very similar activities are involved in the constitutive and regulated shedding of these two proteins. By utilizing a key discriminatory compound (compound 15) that potently inhibits TNF-alpha convertase but not alpha-secretase, we show that TNF-alpha convertase is not involved in the regulated shedding of APP from human neuronal cells. The compounds reported here will be useful in future studies aimed at identifying and validating candidate secretases.
Antimicrobial activity of copper surfaces against carbapenemase-producing contemporary Gram-negative clinical isolates (2012)

Copper has significant antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens. This supports the hypothesis that replacement of high-contact materials with copper could reduce the high burden of environmental contamination around high-risk patients. However, this strategy should be seen as an adjunctive measure to established cleaning protocols and to good hygiene practices for prevention of hospital-acquired infections.
Cost Analysis of Single-Level Lumbar Fusions (2019)

The costs of spinal surgeries are highly variable. Important cost drivers in our analysis included surgical approach, implants, operating room time, and length of hospital stay. Areas of high cost and high variance offer potential targets for cost savings and quality improvements.
Machine‐Based Modelling (2013)

This chapter deals with the actual machine-based modelling once a feature representation has been found. It starts with the feature relevance analysis, leading on to the actual machine learning. The chapter confines to the approaches encountered most often in the field of computational paralinguistics today. Beyond the machine learning algorithms presented and the variations thereof, there are almost infinitely many others. However, those chosen also present a good balance of basic methods, including static modelling of single feature vectors such as after extraction of supra-segmental features, as well as dynamic approaches that are suitable for modelling on a frame-by-frame level. This choice is motivated by the fact that they are the quasi-standard in many speech processing tasks. The chapter includes classification and regression to allow for discrete class-based and continuous modelling. Finally, it deals with testing protocols, discussing partitioning and balancing of data, performance measures, and also result interpretation.
Some Factors Influencing the Decision of Mature Women to Enroll for Continuing Education. (1975)

The study investigates the characteristics of mature women who enroll for continuing education. Their goals and motives and the obstacles they perceive are surveyed, as are their self-attitudes and the attitudes of who potentially influence their decision to enroll for continuing education. The questionnaire results reveal that mature women who enroll in university courses are seeking self-fulfillment and the realization ofpersonal needs in other than affiliative spheres. A subsequent positive shift in their self-perceptions is apparent, and the initial attitudes ofsignificant others may likewise undergo transition: spouses of first year mature women prove supportive of the decision, but a different attitude is characteristic of the spouses of women who had re-enrolled for subsequent years. The mature group is also compared to a younger group in order to determine whether the decision to enroll for higher education is influenced by situational components, and some affirmative evidence is reported. --- Cette etude veut decouvrir les caracteristiques des femmes d'âge moyen qui s'inscrivent a des cours d'education permanente. On enumere leurs buts, leur motivation et les obstacles qu'elles doivent surmonter. On discute egalement leurs attitudes envers elles-memes et les attitudes des autres personnes qui peuvent influencer leur decision de se remettre aux etudes.Les resultats du questionnaire revelent que les femmes d'âge moyen inscrites a des cours universitaires recherchent la realisation de soi etla realisation de besoins personnels non-relies au domaine de l'affiliation.On releve un changement positif dans leur perception d'elles-memes. Les attitudes initiales de personnes-clees dans la vie de ces femmes subissent egalement des changements. Les epoux des femmes inscritesen premiere annee d'etudes appuient la decision de leur epouse. Cependant,une differente attitude caracterise les epoux des femmes qui se sont re-inscrites apres avoir termine une premiere annee de scolarite. Ce groupe de femmes fut compare a un groupe de femmes plus jeunes pour voir si la cause de leur decision de se remettre aux etudes peut changer d'apres la situation de chacune. Cette etude indique que la situation de vie d'une femme peut exercer une influence sur sa decision de poursuivre ses etudes.
Toward Green Chemical Engineering (2013)

The chemicals industry and other related industries supply us\n\t\t\t\t with a huge variety of essential products to everyday living.\n\t\t\t\t However, these industries have the potential to seriously\n\t\t\t\t damage our environment. In the last decade, the scientific\n\t\t\t\t community has witnessed a growing interest in environmental\n\t\t\t\t issues and the value of environmentally friendly\n\t\t\t\t energy generation and chemical processes. The combination\n\t\t\t\t of chemical engineering tools with the findings of green\n\t\t\t\t chemists, biologists, and environmental scientists has allowed\n\t\t\t\t the design of new processes for the manufacture of chemicals,\n\t\t\t\t fuels, and products with a much reduced environmental footprint.\n\t\t\t\t Furthermore, the developed environmentally benign\n\t\t\t\t alternative technologies have been proven to be economically\n\t\t\t\t superior and function as well as or better than more toxic\n\t\t\t\t traditional options
Designing tightly-coupled extension units for the STxP70 processor (2013)

Designed by STMicroelectronics for the embedded market, the STxP70 processor is a small but extensible processor: designers have the possibility to define tightly-coupled extensions that can be reused in different designs. We explain why this modularity has a strong impact on the toolchain, detail the hardware/software flows and give results for two extensions.
Investigations into the Immunotoxicity and Allergic Potential Induced by Topical Application ofN-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) in a Murine Model (2015)

N-Butylbenzene sulfonamide (NBBS) is a commonly used plasticizer found in numerous products. Due to its extensive use, lack of adequate toxicological data, and suspicion of toxicity based on the presence of structural alerts, it was nominated to the National Toxicology Program for comprehensive toxicological testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for hypersensitivity and immune suppression following dermal exposure to NBBS using a murine model. NBBS tested negative in a combined irritancy/local lymph node assay (LLNA), classifying it as nonirritating and nonsensitizing. To estimate the immunosuppressive potential of NBBS, assays that assessed immunotoxicity were performed, including the immumnoglobulin (Ig) M response to T-cell-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC), using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and immune cell phenotyping. After a 28-d treatment with NBBS, mice exposed to the lowest concentration (25% NBBS) showed a significant increase in IgM-producing B cells in the spleen. No marked changes were identified in immune cell markers in the lymph node. In contrast to body weight, a significant elevation in kidney and liver weight was observed following dermal exposure to all concentrations of NBBS. These results demonstrate that dermal exposure to NBBS, other than liver and kidney toxicity, did not apparently induce immunotoxicity in a murine model.