gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analysis of via hot spots and implications for ULSI interconnect reliability (2003)

The prediction of hot spot temperatures and positions in interconnect and via systems is necessary for improved thermal design to minimize electromigration, stress migration, and high-current failures. While some thermal models are available for multilevel interconnect systems, the effects of vias are either neglected or treated very approximately. This paper derives an accurate analytical model for estimating interconnect and via temperatures, and also verifies the model using finite-element simulations. The model shows that hot spot locations and the overall temperature field in the interconnect structure are strongly affected by via and line dimensions. A critical condition for hot spot formation within the vias has been presented for the first time. Additionally, a new analytical model for estimating the temperature rise in a multilevel interconnect system has also been derived, which incorporates the effect of via self-heating. This work provides the basis for constitutive design rules considering hot spot locations and temperature profiles in interconnect systems.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Genetic Unmasking of an Epigenetically Silenced microRNA in Human Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Genetic Unmasking of an Epigenetically Silenced microRNA in Human Cancer Cells
Abstract 4102: FAT1: A novel regulator of cancer and inflammation. (2013)

Abstract FAT1, a member of cadherin superfamily is a large trans-membrane protein with 34 cadherin repeats. FAT1 was originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene in Drosophila but its role in human cancers is just beginning to unfold. Considering its tumor suppressive role in Drosophila, few studies have reported similar function of FAT1 in human cancers but on the contrary several studies have also demonstrated oncogenic role of FAT1. In this study we identified oncogenic role of FAT1 in human glioma where knockdown of FAT1 was found to inhibit migration and invasion of glial cells. Further investigation into molecular mechanism of FAT1 function revealed direct link to AP-1 mediated transcription via Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4). Knockdown of FAT1 was found to inhibit AP-1 mediated transcription and expression of downstream target genes. AP-1 is a known mediator of cancer and inflammation and accordingly we found decreased expression of several pro-inflammatory markers like COX-2, cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and chemokines like IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-2 after FAT1 knockdown. Interestingly, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found to be increased after FAT1 knockdown. Moreover FAT1 expression was also found to positively correalate with COX-2 and IL-6 expression in primary GBM tumors. Thus, in this study FAT1 was found to act as an oncogene as well as to orchestrate the inflammatory milieu of the glioma cells by regulating AP-1 mediated transcription via PDCD4. Citation Format: Bhawana Dikshit, Parthaprasad Chattopadhyay, Subrata Sinha, Kunzang Chosdol. FAT1: A novel regulator of cancer and inflammation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4102. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4102
Reduced Scale PHIL Emulation Concepts Applied to Power Conversion Systems With Battery Storage (2020)

This article deals power hardware in the loop (PHIL) real-time simulation (also called emulation) of electric power conversion systems, especially the ones involving battery storage. A case study related to a wind turbine power conversion system hybridized with a lithium-ion battery illustrates the main concepts. A similitude reduction process is presented to scale the model parameters in order to fulfill the sizing of a reduced scale test bench allowing to achieve the PHIL real-time emulation. The original “time compression” concept is also reminded. However, the main contribution of this article is the comparison between two concepts of real-time emulated devices (RTED) depending on whether these concepts are based on a model (“model based” RTED) or on a physical image of the actual device (“image based” RTED). Advantages and drawbacks of both concepts are discussed based on experimental results.
The flexibility of configurable computing (1998)

There has been growing recent interest in configurable computing, which can be viewed as a hybrid between ASICs and programmable processors. Configurable computing machines are implemented with programmable logic: flexible hardware that can be structured to fit the natural organization and data flow of a computation. The enabling device for configurable computing is the field-programmable array (FPGA). For applications characterized by deeply pipelined, highly parallel, and integer arithmetic processing, configurable computing machines can outperform alternative solutions by up to an order of magnitude. The combination in a single device of dedicated hardware and rapid, submillisecond-scale reprogrammability constitutes an exciting and promising development whose implications are only just beginning to be exploited. We begin with a brief tutorial on FPGAs that describes the most common FPGA architectures and how these architectures are used to support computation, memory access, and data flow. We then present FPGAs as computing machines and focus on devices that are reconfigured during run time. Ongoing research involving FPGAs and future directions are also discussed.
Development of New Reaction utilizing Sulfur-containing Leaving Groups : Its Application to the Synthesis of the Physiologically Active Amides (1982)

The auther has developed numerous new reactions utilizing sulfur-containing leaving groups and attempted to use them for the synthesis of biologically active natural products. As shown in Chart 2, the mode of elimination of the sulfur-containing leaving groups is classified into two types. In the first half of this review, a type 2 reaction, in which 3-acyl-1, 3-thiazolidine-2-thione is used as Y-[○!S]and an amine as the nucleophile, is outlined. In the latter half, its application is described. It is concerned with the total synthesis of macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids (codonocarpine, (±)-lunarine, and (±)-lunaridine), the peptide synthesis, the total synthesis of parabactin, a spermidine-containing siderophore, the synthesis of new hypoxic cell sensitizers, FNT-1 and FNT-2, and a new design for chiral induction to the prochiral a cyclic molecules.
Cloning Full-Length, Cap-Trapper-Selected cDNAs by Using the Single-Strand Linker Ligation Method (2001)

We have developed the single-strand linker ligation method (SSLLM), which uses DNA ligase to add a dsDNA linker to single-stranded (ss) full-length cDNA. The linkers have random 6-bp (dN6 or dGN5) 3' overhangs that can ligate to any cDNA sequence, thereby facilitating the production of cDNA libraries with titers exceeding 1 x 10(6) independent clones. We confirmed that the 5' ends of cDNA inserts cloned by using SSLLM are full-length and include the 5' untranslated regions. The great advantage of our method is that the elimination of the GC tail simplifies the sequencing and protein translation of the full-length clones. Further, our method tags ss cDNAs more efficiently than does the traditional RNA ligase reaction.
A new high efficiency CMOS voltage doubler (2002)

A charge pump cell is used to make a voltage doubler using improved serial switches. The PMOS transistor used for the serial switch is analyzed and a model suitable for simulation is described. The importance of capacitors is shown with plots of efficiency versus load and stray capacitance. Several problems arising at low voltage or high frequency are developed and some optimizations are presented. The substrate current is totally suppressed by the technique of bulk commutation. An efficiency of 94% has been reached using external capacitors.
Raising the Dose of Interferon Does Not Improve the Response in Chronic Hepatitis C (1995)

We report results of dose escalation to 5 or 6 million units (MU) three times weekly (t.i.w.) of interferon-alpha in 17 consecutive patients with chronic active hepatitis C who were not responding to 3 MU t.i.w. after > or = 12 weeks of therapy. The mean pretreatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 206 +/- 62 U/L and, at the time of dose escalation, 113 +/- 71 U/L. Two patients could not tolerate the dose escalation. The remaining 15 patients were treated for an additional 10 +/- 3.5 weeks. Three patients had a complete response 3-8 weeks after dose escalation. At the end of high-dose therapy, the mean ALT level was 105 +/- 76 U/L (n = 15). During the 6-month posttreatment follow-up time, the mean ALT level was 147 +/- 85 U/L. All three responders had a relapse. Increasing the dose of interferon-alpha to 5-6 MU t.i.w. in chronic hepatitis C patients who are not responding to interferon-alpha, 3 MU t.i.w., at the 12th week of therapy is unlikely to result in sustained normalization of ALT levels.
[A pharmacodynamic analysis of the onset of neuromuscular blockade by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants--the pharmacodynamics of a large dose of vecuronium]. (1990)

From Sheiner's equation on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, we derived a new equation which described the pharmacodynamics of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants during the onset phase. This equation showed that log (l0/l-1) had a linear relation to log (t) where "t" is the time after the administration of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant and "l" and "l0" are the twitch height at t = t and t = 0 respectively. It also implies that the administration dose (D) is inversely proportional to the onset time (OT), i.e., D.OT = const. We proved that these two relations held well for the actual 7 cases of vecuronium use in man. In conclusion, when vecuronium dose level was within 0.15-0.30 mg.kg-1 i.v., the dose was inversely proportional to the onset time which was defined as the time interval from the end of the administration of vecuronium until the single twitch was depressed under 5% of control value, i.e., Dose (mg.kg-1) x onset-time (sec) not equal to 24. During anesthesia with enflurane as well as during neuroleptanesthesia, a dose of vecuronium 0.3 mg.kg-1 (n = 7) was found to produce a duration of neuromuscular blocking action equal to the mean duration produced by pancuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1.
The use of doubly-labeled 13C-acetate in the study of streptolydigin biosynthesis. (1983)

Using [13C2]acetate the biosynthesis of streptolydigin has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that a total of 4 acetate units are incorporated into the antibiotic, 3 into the acyl side chain and 1 into the tetramic acid portion.
Applications using 2D contact CDSEM images (2004)

As semiconductor lithography geometries scale deeper into submicron regimes, the importance of abundant and accurate metrology becomes more apparent. For example, processes such as OPC generation, RET selection and structure validation require detailed image information such as CD, area, slope and line edge roughness (LER) in order to be considered robust. Large numbers of SEM images of different structure types are often required in order to gain physical insight into pattern transfer behavior (proximity, resolution limits, etc.). In this paper, a set of techniques is described to systematically analyze and report on objects found in SEM images. In particular, a reference template file (either aerial or GDSII) is used to compare design coordinate polygons to those extracted from a SEM image. An algorithm is explored that analyzes the target image and extracts objects based on heuristics that correspond to the SEM image type (or class). The algorithm contains various stages in which the image is filtered, conditioned and finally partitioned in order to extract objects. These objects are then, in turn, compared with the original template file. Information such as CD and threshold population distributions are collected and used as output. An example of OPC model validation using this technique is demonstrated and results from this analysis are presented. A prototypical template structure is simulated using an aerial imaging technique and is then compared to its corresponding SEM image. Finally, this same template image is compared with output of two GDSII-based simulations and discussed.
Mouse gene targeting reveals an essential role of mTOR in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and hematopoiesis (2013)

mTOR integrates signals from nutrients and growth factors to control protein synthesis, cell growth, and survival. Although mTOR has been established as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies, its physiological role in regulating hematopoiesis remains unclear. Here we show that conditional gene targeting of mTOR causes bone marrow failure and defects in multi-lineage hematopoiesis including myelopoiesis, erythropoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis. mTOR deficiency results in loss of quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to a transient increase but long-term exhaustion and defective engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in lethally irradiated recipient mice. Furthermore, ablation of mTOR causes increased apoptosis in lineage-committed blood cells but not hematopoietic stem cells, indicating a differentiation stage-specific function. These results demonstrate that mTOR is essential for hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and multi-lineage hematopoiesis.
Advances in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery (2014)

Various strategies for ocular drug delivery are considered; from basic formulation techniques for improving availability of drugs; viscosity enhancers and mucoadhesives aid drug retention and penetration enhancers promote drug transport into the eye. The use of drug-loaded contact lenses and ocular inserts allows drugs to be better placed where they are needed for more direct delivery. Developments in ocular implants gives a means to overcome the physical barriers that traditionally prevented effective treatment. Implant technologies are under development allowing long-term drug delivery from a single procedure, these devices allow posterior chamber diseases to be effectively treated. Future developments could bring artificial corneas to eliminate the need for donor tissue and one-off implantable drug depots lasting the patient's lifetime.
Draft Genome Sequence of Phenol-Degrading Variovorax boronicumulans Strain HAB-30 (2020)

We report the draft genome sequence of <i>Variovorax boronicumulans</i> strain c24, which was isolated from a soil-inoculated chemostat culture amended with phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. The genome data will provide insights into phenol and other xenobiotic compound degradation mechanisms for bioremediation applications.
Preparation and Use of Interphase Xenopus Egg Extracts (2001)

In this unit, Xenopus eggs are isolated from hormonally primed female frogs, and then the extract is treated with cyclohexamide so it remains in interphase of the cell cycle. In the presence of sperm chromatin and ATP, membrane vesicles in the extract fuse to assemble nuclei, making the extract suitable for studies of DNA replication and nuclear transport.
Escape!Bot (2020)

Children's creativity plummets as they enter elementary school. Social interactions with peers and playful environments have been shown to foster creativity in children. Digital pedagogical tools often lack the creativity benefits of co-located social interaction with peers. In this work, we leverage a social embodied robot as a playful peer and designed Escape!Bot, a game involving child-robot co-play, where the robot is a social agent that scaffolds for creativity during gameplay. We aim to investigate the factorial extent to which the robot's embodiment (the co-presence of a peer-like social embodied agent), and scaffolding (the expression of creativity scaffolding behaviors by the social agent), influence children's creativity during gameplay. We contribute a novel social robotic interaction paradigm that aims to foster creative expression during gameplay.
Electrical switching and memory phenomena in Cu-TCNQ thin films (1979)

Stable and reproducible current-controlled bistable electrical switching has been observed in polycrystalline organic semiconducting films. The effect has been observed in a lamellar structure with a film of microcrystalline Cu-TCNQ between Cu and Al electrodes where the Cu-TCNQ is grown on a Cu substrate via a spontaneous electrolysis technique. The switching effect is insensitive to moisture and is observed over a large temperature range. The current-voltage characteristics reveal an abrupt decrease in impedance from 2 MΩ to less than 200 Ω at a field strength of 4×103 V/cm. The transition from a high- to low-impedance state occurs with delay and switching times of approximately 15 and 10 nsec, respectively. Switching with high-power dissipation yields a low-impedance memory state which can be erased by application of a short current pulse. An interpretation of this behavior is based on the bulk properties of the mixed valence semiconductor Cu-TCNQ.
Feedforward Control of Electrical Drives - Rules and Limits (2011)

Nowadays, there are several application in the field of position controlled electric drives, such as high speed cutting, where traditional cascade control structures provide insufficient accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary either to completely change the control structure (e.g. sliding mode control) or to modify and extend the basic cascade structure. One of those modifications can be feedforward direct branches. Feedforward increase order of astatism without stability influencing but on the other hand it brings other problems regarding to the feedforward technique implementation, system parameters changing or neglecting particular system behavior. This paper describes basic control structures, their features and several mentioned problems related to feedforward control of electric drives.
Resistance to tau and amyloid pathology supports super‐aging (2020)

Abstract Background Not much is known about the aging‐associated in vivo accumulation of proteinopathies such as amyloid‐β and tau‐pathology in super‐agers (i.e. individuals performing cognitively above the norm even at high age). Here, we examined the intracerebral amyloid and tau burden in a group of super‐agers (SA), normal‐agers (NA) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using PET imaging. Method Data used for analysis were retrieved from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database and included three age‐ and education‐matched groups of 26 SA, 25 NA and 25 MCI patients, all above 80 years of age. SA were defined as individuals performing above average on the ADNI memory score over a 4‐year period including the time point of the PET scan acquisition. NA presented average and MCI patients below average cognitive performance in this time period. In addition, a group of younger cognitively‐normal, amyloid‐negative controls (YA; M(Age)= 63.2 years) was included as reference. [18F]AV‐1451 (tau) and [18F]AV‐45 (amyloid) PET scans were available for all individuals. The PET scans were pre‐processed including normalization to MNI space, smoothing and intensity standardization to the cerebellum. For statistical analysis, voxel‐wise comparisons (p &lt; .001, uncorr.) and a region‐of‐interest analysis (p&lt;.05, FDR corr.) were conducted, comparing tau and amyloid burden between the four groups, respectively. Result No significant difference were observed between SA and YA in terms of tau and amyloid burden. The NA group exhibited higher tau burden in inferior temporal and precuneal areas and no significant differences in amyloid burden, when compared to the YA group. The MCI patients showed both relatively higher amyloid and tau pathology burden. Conclusion The phenomenon of super‐aging appears to be associated with the resistance to tau and amyloid pathology accumulation, which likely permits maintenance of high cognitive performance despite advanced age.
Off-Target Look Angle Control Guidance Law for Moving Targets (2019)

An off-target look angle control guidance law for nonmaneuvering moving targets is proposed. Unlike impact angle control guidance laws whose angle requirement is defined on the target, the proposed...
603. Novel DNA-Shuffled AAV Capsids Show Robust and Unique Gene Delivery and Expression Profiles in the CNS Via Intrathecal Injection (2015)

Aim: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has great potential for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Currently, a few AAV serotypes including AAV9 effectively deliver genes in the CNS. We aimed to screen more AAV serotypes for expression in CNS and compare them to AAV9. Material and methods: Using an existing library containing shuffled capsid genes of AAV serotypes 1 through 9, we characterized a few novel capsids for high expression in the CNS in vivo. Three novel serotypes, AAVH43, AAVH48, and AAVHH67 containing the reporter gene lacZ driven by a CMV promoter were injected in C57BL/6 mice and AAV9 was included as a positive control group (n=4 per group). Prior to vector injection, 25% mannitol solution 200μl was given by tail vein to deduce intracranial pressure. Twenty minutes later, 10μl of virus vectors (1×1011 vg) were slowly injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the intervertenral space between lumbar vertebrae L3 and L4 by a 33-gauge needle connected to a 50μl Hamilton syringe with PE10 tubing. Two weeks later, tissue samples were harvested for lacZ staining and immunostaining. Results: LacZ gene delivered by AAVH43, AAVH48, and AAVHH67 vectors expressed efficiently and similarly to AAV9 in the spinal cord by intrathecal injection. The entire spinal cord from the lumbar up to cervical region showed gene expression. The infected cells were mainly distributed in the posterior funiculus and gray matter. In addition, all 4 vectors infected dorsal root ganglia neurons very efficiently. Immunostaining showed AAVH43, AAVH48 and AAVHH67 vectors with a CMV promoter infected mainly neurons but not glial cells, similar to AAV9. In addition, AAVH43 and AAVH48 had some common characteristics and infected cerebellar cortex much more efficiently than AAV9. Those neurons showed distinctive morphology as Purkinje cells. Further confirmation with cell-type specific antibodies is needed. Conclusion: The AAVH43, AAVH48 and AAVHH67 vectors have similar ability to infect the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, equivalent to AAV9, when delivered by intrathecal injection. Moreover, the cerebellar cortex is more susceptible to AAVH43 and AAVH48 infection. With further investigation, the three novel AAV serotypes could be suitable alternative candidates for CNS gene delivery and therapy.
Mobility as a fusion enabler (2008)

Abstract- The gains in surveillance information that can be provided by fusion of multiple sensors have been demonstrated in theoretical and practical terms. However, the use of additional sensors quickly reaches a point where the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal costs. In part, this is due to an increasing probability of misassociation. Additionally, the probability of finding an available sensor with new information decreases as a wider net is cast around the problem. What is required is the right sensor in the right place at the right time. Clearly, the right place and time cannot always be known in advance of an act of hostile intent. The hypothesis is that the use of mobile sensors in a cued mode of operation can provide quantitative benefits to a multi-sensor surveillance web employing fusion techniques. The mobility requirements and on-board sensor requirements can be studied in terms of the characteristics of the fixed sensor web.