gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printable polythiophene gas sensor array for low-cost electronic noses (2006)

A route for generating arrays of printable polythiophene-based gas sensor materials suitable for low-cost manufacturing is demonstrated. Materials with complementary sensor responses are synthesized by incorporating functional groups into the molecule, either along the polymer backbone or as end-capping groups. Using these materials as printable sensor inks, a functional, integrated gas sensor array chip is fabricated using additive deposition techniques. The sensor array shows sensitivity to a range of volatile organic compounds down to concentrations of 10ppm. A three-terminal thin film transistor structure is used, allowing the extraction of multiple parameters that help to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for sensor response and the role of the functional groups in this response.
Power convertor circuits for switched reluctance motors with the minimum number of switches (1990)

The phase windings of a doubly salient switched reluctance motor are fed with unipolar pulses of current from a suitable power convertor to control the speed and torque of the motor. A new range of power convertor circuits for the switched reluctance motor is proposed in this paper. The circuits allow the full supply voltage to be used to control the current in the phase windings and each switch is rated at close to the supply voltage. These power convertor circuits have fewer than two switches per phase winding. A new switching algorithm to control the switches connected to more than one phase winding is described. Equations predicting the ideal rotor angles for the commutation of the phase currents are derived for this new algorithm. Test results are given that clearly show the benefits of this new range of power convertor circuits over existing designs.
Spatial-temporal motion estimation for image reconstruction and mouse functionality with optical or capacitive sensors (2003)

This paper describes an innovative solution to perform mouse functionality ("navigation") and image reconstruction ("scanning"). The application uses a recursive block-matching motion estimation algorithm and an optical or capacitive sensor. Results show this solution provides integrated mouse and scanner functionality at a very low cost.
A novel physics-based temperature compensation model for structural health monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves (2014)

This article investigates the role of ambient temperature in causing changes to the structural wave propagation, as sensed by piezoelectric transducers, in a newer perspective. A novel approach is proposed to compensate the influence of temperature on piezo-sensor response using both analytical models and numerical simulations. Parametric studies using numerical simulations for plates with surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers establish linear functional relationship between change in sensor signals and specific combination of material properties, within certain temperature range. A numerical temperature compensation model is developed based on this functional relationship to reconstruct piezo-sensor signals at elevated temperatures. Matching pursuit–based signal analysis and reconstruction schemes are used in this study. Practical efficacy of the compensation model is tested for metallic structures with both simple and complex geometries. Model-based reconstruction of first wave packets in the sensor signals is found to match quite well with the experimental measurements. Performance of the proposed compensation model is also found to be at par with the existing state-of-art temperature compensation methods. A very limited set of baseline sensor data is required to estimate unknown model parameters, making this approach to be efficient and practically useful. The output of the compensation model is also used to obtain an accurate estimate of damage location in a structure under varying ambient temperature environments.
Epidemiology of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Blood Donors, Israel (2009)

The prevalence of infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in blood donors from Israel is 1 infection/100,000 persons. In donors originating from Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America, prevalences are 7.7, 14.6, and 20.4, respectively. HTLV-1 prevalence may be high outside areas where HTLV-1 previously was known to be endemic.
Cathepsins Drive Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Regulating Autophagy and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Macrophage Foam Cells (2019)

Our data highlight the importance of cathepsins for mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and amelioration of vascular inflammation.
Calcium carbonate crystallization in tailored constrained environments (2015)

This research shows that by tailoring the assembly of lecithin molecules it is possible to modulate the texture, polymorphism, size and shape of calcium carbonate crystals.
Toxicity of Insulin Administered Chronically to Human Eye In Vivo (1994)

Insulin administered in eyedrop from with a surfactant agent has been shown to be clinically effective in treating diabetes in animal models. Concentrations of insulin as high as 100 U/ml in saline were shown to produce no detectable clinical toxicity to human eyes in single-dose administration. We sought to investigate the local toxicity of insulin in human eyes during long-term, multidose administration. A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-masked study was conducted involving eight healthy volunteers. Subjects were given 50 microliters sterile saline containing 100 U/ml crystalline porcine insulin randomized to one eye and 50 microliters placebo (sterile saline) to the fellow eye administered twice daily for 8 weeks. Subjective ocular irritation and visual acuity and objective assessment of the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, crystalline lens, pupil size, and intraocular pressure were evaluated. Blood D-glucose levels were monitored to assess glycemic levels. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) observed between insulin-treated and placebo-treated eyes. Eyedrops containing insulin were subjectively as comfortable and objectively as clinically innocuous as sterile saline alone. The results of this study demonstrate that insulin (100 U/ml) in saline is nontoxic to the human eye after long-term, multi-dose exposure. Topical administration of insulin combined with an absorption-promoting agent may be a practical and feasible alternative to multiple daily subcutaneous injections or implanted pump devices currently used in the long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus if a nonirritating absorption-promoting agent can be identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three-dimensional shape measurement of a diffusing surface by use of a femtosecond amplifying optical Kerr gate (2000)

We propose a system for three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement of a diffusing surface by use of a previously developed femtosecond amplifying optical Kerr gate (fs-amp OKG). The system has an opening time of 459 fs and a maximum transmittance of 185%. It also provides good 3D imaging performance: a transverse imaging resolution of 70 microm, a depth resolution of 100 microm, and a positioning accuracy of 5.9 microm in depth. It is found that the optical Kerr effect and the amplification process in the fs-amp OKG do not cause the quality of a time-resolved image to deteriorate. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed system by measuring the shapes of completely diffusing objects with stepped and spherical surfaces.
Characterization of structural elements in native autoinducing peptides and non-native analogues that permit the differential modulation of AgrC-type quorum sensing receptors in Staphylococcus aureus (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus uses short macrocyclic peptides (i.e., autoinducing peptides, or AIPs) to assess its local population density in a cell-cell signaling mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). At high cell numbers, this pathogen can initiate many virulent behaviors that allow for the establishment of infection. Binding of the AIP signal to its cognate transmembrane AgrC-type receptor is a critical event in the QS signaling cascade; consequently, interference of AIP:receptor interactions may have the potential to prevent and eradicate certain S. aureus infections. To date, four pairs of AIP:AgrC receptors have been identified in S. aureus, each pair being utilized by a specific S. aureus group (I-IV). Other staphylococcal species also use closely related, but distinct, AIP:AgrC pairs to control QS. We seek to develop non-native ligands capable of intercepting AIP:AgrC binding in each S. aureus group and in related species. As these bacteria may use their respective AIP signal to attenuate the QS systems of other groups/species, such ligands would provide valuable chemical tools to probe possible interference mechanisms in a range of contexts. In the current study, we used solution-phase NMR techniques to characterize the 3-D structures of a set of known native and non-native peptides that have differential modulatory activity in certain AgrC receptors. Analysis of these structures revealed several distinct structural motifs that belay differential activity in selected S. aureus AgrC receptors (i.e., AgrC-I, AgrC-II, and AgrC-III). The results of this study can be leveraged for the design of new synthetic ligands with enhanced selectivities and potencies for these AgrC receptors.
Exogen involves gradual release of the hair club fibre in the vibrissa follicle model (2009)

Exogen is a distinct phase of the hair cycle describing the process by which the hair club fibre is shed from the follicle. This process is difficult to study in human skin and little is known about the mechanisms involved in the release of club fibres. We sought an alternative model system to study exogen in more detail, and therefore utilised the vibrissa system on the rodent mystacial pad. The time at which a vibrissa club hair will be lost can be predicted, based on the relative lengths of the new growing fibre and old club fibre. This timing phenomenon was exploited to investigate the club fibre within the follicle as it approaches final release, revealing key changes in the adhesive state of the club fibre within the epithelial sac as it approached release. We propose that exogen should be subdivided to represent variations in the club fibre status.
Erratum: “High domain wall velocities induced by current in ultrathin Pt/Co/AlOx wires with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 262504 (2008)] (2009)

First Page
Successful Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. How Do High-Performing Hospitals Do It? (2017)

We identified factors, such as respiratory therapist autonomy, that facilitated essential processes (e.g., timely initiation) of NIV use at high-performing hospitals. These findings may be useful to hospitals seeking to optimize their use of NIV among patients with COPD.
Quantitative determination and comparison of the glycosaminoglycan Δ‐disaccharide composition in 22 different human cell lines (2009)

Changes in proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and distribution may play an important role in the development of many diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer and diabetes. Human cell lines act as models for the underlying pathomechanisms. Despite the importance of proteoglycans for cell functioning, information on the GAG composition of most human cell lines is limited. Comparative analysis of the GAG Deltadisaccharide amount in 22 human cell lines yielded a mean value of 94 +/- 58 pmol/10(6) cells (mean+/-SEM). Total GAG amount and heparan sulfate/heparin Deltadisaccharide composition, but not chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate Deltadisaccharide composition, differed significantly between the investigated adherent and suspension cell lines. We provide a novel overview of GAG Deltadisaccharide composition in 22 different human cell lines.
Effect of Microsegregation and Bainitic Reaction Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Carbon and High-Silicon Cast Steel (2021)

Bainitic microstructures obtained in high-carbon (HC) and high-silicon (HSi) steels are currently of great interest. Microstructural evolution and the bainitic transformation kinetics of a high-carbon and high-silicon cast steel held at 280, 330, and 380 °C was analyzed using dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It is shown that the heterogeneous distribution of silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) associated to microsegregation during casting has a great impact on the final microstructure. The transformation starts in the dendritic zones where there is a lower Mn concentration and then expands to the interdendritic ones. As Mn reduces the carbon activity, the interdendritic areas with a higher Mn concentration are enriched with carbon (C), and thus, these zones contain a greater amount of retained austenite plus martensite, resulting in a heterogeneous microstructure. Higher transformation temperatures promote higher amounts of residual austenite with poor thermal/mechanical stability and the presence of martensite in the final microstructure, which has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties. Tensile tests revealed that the ultra-fine microstructure developed by the transformation at 280 °C promotes very high values of both tensile and yield stress (≈1.8 GPa and 1.6 GPa, respectively), but limited ductility (≈2%).
Partial purification of the antidiuretic hormone receptor from the rabbit kidney. (1983)

The antidiuretic hormone receptor is located in the plasma membrane of the renal medulla, is a component of the adenyl cyclase system, and physiologically linked to water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Since the receptor loses its binding activity to the hormone after the membrane is solubilized, the intact membrane was first incubated with 125I-labelled or 3H-labelled arginine vasopressin and then subjected to solubilization with 1.0% Lubrol PX. The receptor-hormone complex was purified by Sepharose CL-6B, DEAE cellulose and SE cellulose chromatography.
Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals (2017)

Development of new therapeutic products requires efficacy testing in an animal model. The pulmonary route of administration can be utilized to deliver drugs locally and systemically. Evaluation of dry powder aerosols necessitates an efficient dispersion mechanism to maintain high concentrations in an exposure chamber or for direct endotracheal administration. While solutions exist to expose animals by passive inhalation to dry powder aerosols, most require masses of powder in large excess of the dose delivered. This precludes conducting early feasibility studies as insufficient drug is available at the research or early development stage to support the dose delivery requirements for conventional aerosol delivery systems. When designing an aerosol drug product, aerodynamic performance can relate directly to delivery efficiency and efficacy. Dispersion of powder into an aerosol requires energy input sufficient to overcome interparticulate forces, and particle engineering approaches can substantially improve aerosol performance. We have developed a dispersion system (dosator) which can aerosolize engineered dry powder aerosols efficiently for the purpose of direct pulmonary insufflation, dispersion into an exposure system or generation for analytical purposes.
Characterization of the ionic wind produced by a DBD actuator designed to control the laminar-to-turbulent transition (2008)

International audience
Clinician-rated measures for distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy (2019)

Distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy (DSP) is due to injury to peripheral sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve fibers, resulting in distal predominant sensory loss, pain, and gait instability. DSP occurs as a complication of multiple medical conditions including diabetes or HIV, or following exposure to various toxins such as chemotherapy. It affects at least 10% of the United States population. Few treatments for DSP are approved by regulatory agencies. Reliable and responsive outcome measures are integral to developing new DSP treatments. Multiple clinician-rated measures that incorporate neuropathy signs exist, however, it is not clear which of these measures performs best for various DSP phenotypes. This systematic review summarizes the content of 18 published measures of DSP identified using PubMed and from personal archives of the authors. The relative percentage of scoring dedicated to motor, reflex, large and small fiber sensory, and autonomic domains varied considerably among measures. The most common neurologic examination items included in the scales were (1) vibration perception (n = 18, 100%), (2) reflexes (n = 16, 89%), (3) pinprick perception (n = 14, 78%), (4) muscle strength (n = 11, 61%), (5) touch-pressure perception (n = 9, 50%), and (6) joint position perception (n = 8, 44%). This review can be used to inform decisions regarding which of the available clinician-rated sign outcome measures would be most appropriate for use in a particular DSP population, based on the domains most affected by that neuropathy or on the domains most likely to be affected by a particular experimental therapy.
An efficient and green one-pot three-component synthesis of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s catalyzed by 2-hydroxy ethylammonium propionate (2014)

A simple and efficient one-pot synthetic protocol for the 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s was developed by condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and phenylhydrazine/hydrazine hydrate catalyzed by 2-hydroxy ethylammonium propionate under solvent-free conditions. The remarkable features of this new protocol are high yields, short reaction times, easy workup, reusability of inexpensive ionic liquid, and environmentally benignancy.
Morphology of polyaniline in solution processed blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (1993)

Using transmission electron microscopy, the authors have investigated the morphology of the polyaniline-camphor sulfonic acid (PANI-CSA) complex in polyblends with poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, over a wide range of concentrations. The results demonstrate an interpenetrating network of fibrillar crystalline PANI with the PMMA, consistent with the existance of connected conducting paths at volume fractions as low as 1%. In this dilute regime, the PANI morphology is a tenuous, interconnected fibrillar network with cross-sectional dimension of a few tends of nanometers. At higher volume fractions of PANI, the density of connected paths increases and the morphology appears foam-like with the PANI network surrounding the PMMA. This unusual morphology is the origin of the high electrical conductivities and the excellent optical quality of the PANI/PMMA blends.
Long-term Fate of Denervated Skeletal Muscle After Microvascular Flap Transfer (2018)

We demonstrated that muscle free flap without reinnervation eventually converts into adipose tissue regardless of spontaneous reinnervation during muscle regeneration. The long-term findings of the present study will be valuable for muscle flap selection and prognosis.
A new approach to bioconversion reaction kinetic parameter identification (2008)

Abstract The commonly used methods for bioconversion kinetic parameter identification are linear plotting and nonlinear regression. However, linear plotting methods generally require considerable experimentation, and nonlinear regression can lead to “local optimization” because the obtained parameters depend heavily on given initial values. In this article, a new and reliable nonlinear regression‐based approach to bioconversion kinetic parameter estimation is reported. By obtaining preliminary values of kinetic parameters on a step‐by‐step basis, the number of estimated parameters in each step can be reduced to 3 or 4. These preliminary values can then be used as initial guesses for the final parameter estimation via nonlinear regression. Compared with the linear plotting method, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of experiments required for kinetic parameter estimation. The transketolase catalyzed synthesis of 1,3‐dihydroxypentan‐2‐one from propionaldehyde and β‐hydroxypyruvate is used as an experimental example to illustrate the approach. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Low-frequency noise suppression of a fiber laser based on a round-trip EDFA power stabilizer (2013)

We have designed a power stabilizer based on a round-trip erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) structure to suppress the low-frequency relative intensity noise (RIN) for a narrow linewidth fiber laser. The noise suppressor is analyzed theoretically and its feasibility is verified experimentally. For a short-cavity single-frequency fiber laser with this device, about 20 dB low-frequency RIN improvement is achieved (down to -120 dB Hz(-1) at 10 Hz). The corresponding frequency noise is also reduced by a factor of 1.6. The proposed method is an effective solution to achieve a low-frequency low RIN laser source for highly coherent detection applications.
Continuous and sequencing membrane bioreactors applied to food industry effluent treatment (2007)

This work focuses on the performances of two immersed membrane bioreactors used for the treatment of easily biodegradable organic matter present in food industry effluents, for the purpose of water reuse. Two reactor functioning modes (continuous and sequencing) were compared in terms of organic carbon removal and of membrane permeability. For each working mode, pollutant removal was very high, treated water quality presented a low COD concentration (< 125 mg x L(-1)), no solids in suspension and low turbidity (< 0.5 NTU). The quality of the treated water (including germ removal) enabled its reuse on site. Moreover, by developing high biomass concentrations in the reactor, excess sludge production remained very low (< 0.1 gVSS x gCOD(-1)). The performances appeared slightly better for the continuous system (lower COD concentration in the effluent, < 50 mg x L(-1), and lower sludge production). In terms of filtration, a distinct difference was observed between continuous and sequencing systems; transmembrane pressure showed a small and constant evolution rate in continuous membrane bioreactor (CMBR) although it appeared more difficult to control in sequencing membrane bioreactor (SMBR) probably due to punctually higher permeate flow rate and modified suspension properties. The rapid evolution of membrane permeability observed in SMBR was such that more frequent chemical cleaning of the membrane system was required.
Video-rate stereo depth measurement on programmable hardware (2003)

This paper describes the implementation of a stereo depth measurement algorithm in hardware on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This system generates 8 bit sub-pixel disparities on 256 by 360 pixel images at video rate (30 frames/sec). The algorithm implemented is a multi-resolution, multi-orientation phase-based technique called local weighted phase-correlation (Fleet, 1994). Hardware implementation speeds up the performance more than 300 times that of the same algorithm running in software. In this paper, we describe the programmable hardware platform, the base stereo vision algorithm and the design of the hardware. We include various trade-offs required to make the hardware small enough to fit on our system and fast enough to work at video rate. We also show sample outputs from the functioning hardware. Although this paper is specifically focused on phase-based stereo vision FPGA realizations, most of the design issues are common to other DSP and vision applications.