gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunostaining, Dehydration, and Clearing of Mouse Embryos for Ultramicroscopy (2013)

This protocol describes the preparation of mouse embryos for ultramicroscopy (UM), a powerful imaging technique that achieves precise and accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of intact macroscopic specimens with micrometer resolution. In UM, a specimen in the size range of ∼1-15 mm is illuminated perpendicular to the observation pathway by two thin counterpropagating sheets of laser light. In combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) immunostaining, UM allows visualization of somatic motor and sensorial nerve fibers in whole mouse embryos. Even the fine branches of the sensomotoric fibers can be visualized over a distance of up to several millimeters. In this protocol, mouse embryos are fixed and immunostained in preparation for UM. Because UM requires the excitation light sheet to travel throughout the entire horizontal width of the specimen, specimens usually have to be rendered transparent before microscope inspection. Here, the embryos are dehydrated in ethanol and then cleared in a solution of benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate.
Electronic Health Record Integration of Predictive Analytics to Select High-Risk Stable Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction for Intensive Care Unit Admission (2021)

In the United States, ≈40% of patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who initially present without cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 1,2Importantly, ICU utilization for these initially stable NSTEMI patients varies substantially between hospitals, and severity of illness on presentation is similar for NSTEMI patients treated and not treated in the ICU, suggesting that ICU admission decisions are largely based on hospital policies and local clinician preferences. 1isk-based ICU utilization-admitting those at the highest risk of developing complications requiring ICU care to the ICU and admitting those at lower risk to a non-ICU setting-has the potential to better align resource use with patient needs.For patients with initially stable NSTEMI, the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) ICU risk score uses data available at the time of hospital presentation to predict risk of clinical deterioration requiring ICU carein-hospital death, cardiac arrest, shock, respiratory failure, heart block requiring pacemaker placement, and stroke. 3Risk scores are infrequently used in clinical practice, 4 but directly embedding a risk score calculator with associated decision support into the electronic health record (EHR) could increase uptake.The goal of this innovation was to achieve risk-based ICU utilization for patients with NSTEMI presenting to the emergency department (ED) by embedding the ACTION ICU risk score into the EHR as a modified best practice advisory (BPA). LOCAL CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATIONMajor challenges in implementation included lack of clinician familiarity with the BPA interface, placement of the risk calculator within ED clinicians' existing workflow, and finding consensus on the appropriate threshold for ICU admission.Although NSTEMI is a relatively common diagnosis, a large number of clinicians see patients in the ED at tertiary academic medical centers, including attending physicians, advanced practice providers, fellows, and residents from multiple specialties.Any one clinician, therefore, sees patients with NSTEMI infrequently and is likely to be unfamiliar with the interface of an NSTEMI risk prediction calculator.Successful deployment of predictive analytics at the point of care requires that the tool overcome clinicians' unfamiliarity by integrating into existing workflows.Since the risk calculator and decision support tool was intended for use by ED clinicians, we designed the tool in consultation with a group of ED clinicians, with a goal of understanding how a new tool could be best incorporated into their workflow.ED
Adaptive Self-Guided Loop Filter for Video Coding (2021)

This paper describes an adaptive self-guided loop filter for video coding. The filter acts as a loop filter to reduce the artifacts caused by quantization. The proposed filter is applied on the reconstruction samples of a Transform Unit (TU). The unfiltered input block is regarded as a guidance for self-guided edge-preserving smooth filtering. The filtering strength for each sample inside the input block is decided according to the TU size, corresponding QP, and statistical information generated from a designed filtering window adaptively. The proposed filter could be performed as a prediction-loop-filter in which the filtered samples can be referenced by intra prediction. Alternatively, the proposed filter can be moved to the post-loop-filter stage that after the deblocking filter for a low decoding dependency. The proposed method has been implemented and tested according to the common test conditions in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) test model version 11.0 (VTM 11.0). The post-loop-filter version can achieve 0.46% and 0.41% BD-rate reduction in All Intra and Random-Access configurations respectively.
Magnetic and magnetothermal properties of La1−xNdxFe11.5Al1.5 compounds (2008)

In this paper, we report the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of La1−xNdxFe11.5Al1.5 (x=0.1,0.2) compounds. Temperature dependence of magnetization data shows that with Nd substitution, the nature of magnetic transition changes from second order transition to multiple first order transition. This observation is confirmed by the thermodynamic analysis using the Landau theory of phase transitions. The MCE has been calculated in terms of the isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) using the magnetization isotherms obtained at temperatures close to the transition temperature. The maximum values of ΔSM are found to be 5.4 and 4.6Jkg−1K−1 of x=0.1 and x=0.2, respectively, for a field change of 50kOe, whereas the value for the undoped compound is about 3Jkg−1K−1. The refrigerant capacity has been calculated to be 544J∕kgK for x=0.1 and 470J∕kgK for x=0.2.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Early Stage Lung Cancer (2010)

Patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer who received stereotactic body radiation therapy had a survival rate of 55.8% at 3 years, high rates of local tumor control, and moderate treatment-related morbidity.
High-transparency Ni/Au ohmic contact to p-type GaN (1999)

In this study, a very thin Ni/Au bilayer metal film was prepared by electron beam evaporation and thermal alloying to form ohmic contact on p-type GaN film. After thermal alloying, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of Ni/Au contact on p-type GaN film exhibited ohmic behavior. The Ni/Au contacts showed a specific contact resistance of 1.7×10−2 Ω cm2 at an alloying temperature of 450 °C. In addition, the light transmittance of the Ni/Au (2 nm/6 nm) bilayer on p-type GaN was measured to be around 85% at 470 nm. These results suggest that a suitable metallization technology for the fabrication of light emitting devices can be achieved.
Glycosyloxymethylfurfural (GMF) in Multicomponent Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction: Rapid Access to Highly Functionalized Carbohydrate Scaffolds (2018)

Aim and Objective: The use of glycosyloxymethylfurfural (GMF), the dehydration product of isomaltulose, in the one-step multicomponent aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction, was studied. Materials and Methods: The reaction conditions and scope were investigated with respect to solvent, combinations of catalysts (Lewis acids and nucleophilic base), and the nature of the amine and the acrylic partners. Results: The three-components one step aza-MBH reaction using GMF, sulfonamides and a Michael acceptor provides carbohydrate-based a-methylene-b-amino carbonyl derivatives in moderate to good yields. Optimized conditions are the use of La(OTf)3 and 3-HQD in methanol. The use of diphenylphosphinamide, though requiring the use of a protected GMF and a two-step protocol, offers alternatives in the type of activated imine involved the classical sulfonyl substitution. Conclusion: A wide structural range of adducts were obtained in fair to good yields, showing the synthetic efficiency of the strategy able to provide highly functionalized carbohydrate-containing new molecules in an unique step from very available starting materials. These explorations show that GMF can be transformed in very short sequences to rather elaborated new compounds using the MBH and aza-MBH strategy.
Entropic Contribution to Enhanced Thermal Stability in the Thermostable P450 CYP119 (2019)

The enhanced thermostability of thermophilic proteins with respect to their mesophilic counterparts is often attributed to the enthalpy effect, arising from strong interactions between protein residues. Intuitively, these strong interresidue interactions will rigidify the biomolecules. However, the present work utilizing neutron scattering and solution NMR spectroscopy measurements demonstrates a contrary example that the thermophilic cytochrome P450, CYP119, is much more flexible than its mesophilic counterpart, CYP101A1, something which is not apparent just from structural comparison of the two proteins. A mechanism to explain this apparent contradiction is that higher flexibility in the folded state of CYP119 increases its conformational entropy and thereby reduces the entropy gain during denaturation, which will increase the free energy needed for unfolding and thus stabilize the protein. This scenario is supported by thermodynamic data on the temperature dependence of unfolding free energy, which shows a significant entropic contribution to the thermostability of CYP119 and lends an added dimension to enhanced stability, previously attributed only to presence of aromatic stacking interactions and salt bridge networks. Our experimental data also support the notion that highly thermophilic P450s such as CYP119 may use a mechanism that partitions flexibility differently from mesophilic P450s between ligand binding and thermal stability.
A Reduced Thermogenic Capacity as the Metabolic Basis for Human Obesity? (1979)

Conference Abstract| March 01 1979 A Reduced Thermogenic Capacity as the Metabolic Basis for Human Obesity? R. T. Jung; R. T. Jung 1Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge2Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. S. Shetty; P. S. Shetty 1Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge2Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. P. T. James; W. P. T. James 1Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge2Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Barrand; M. Barrand 1Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge2Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B. A. Callingham B. A. Callingham 1Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge2Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1979) 56 (3): 16P–17P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs056016Pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. T. Jung, P. S. Shetty, W. P. T. James, M. Barrand, B. A. Callingham; A Reduced Thermogenic Capacity as the Metabolic Basis for Human Obesity?. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 March 1979; 56 (3): 16P–17P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs056016Pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
MMSE adaptive array utilizing guard interval in the OFDM systems (2003)

Abstract An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system is known to exhibit superior performance compared to a single carrier system in a multipath environment. However, the communication quality degrades severely because of delayed waves exceeding the guard interval and the Doppler shift. To solve this problem, various systems have been proposed that use an adaptive array to suppress undesired signals. In this paper, we propose a system that uses the same signal in the guard interval inserted at the head and the guard interval at the tail of the OFDM effective symbol in an OFDM transmission system and operates a minimum mean square error (MMSE) adaptive array. To clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed system, we analyzed the basic performance by a computer simulation. These results demonstrated excellent operation as an MMSE adaptive array and superior undesired signal suppression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(10): 1–9, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10121
Characterization of a sub-grain boundary using Accurate Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (2015)

International audience
Piglet Survival in Early Lactation: A Review (2007)

Piglet death during the perinatal and lactation period is one of the more easily identified causes of reduced production efficiency in swine herds. Pre-weaning mortality rates vary between 12 and 25%. The present review analyses factors related with non-infectious pre-weaning mortality. Among the maternal factors, farrowing and intra-uterine asphyxia, behaviour and maternal ability are discussed. Piglet factors include newborn vigour, teat seeking ability, acidosis, hypothermia and hypoglucemia. Even though there had been technological changes and improvements in husbandry, housing designs and preventive measures, piglet mortality in lactation remains a major economical and welfare problem. The major causes of pre-weaning mortality are those associated with basic husbandry skills, starvation and crushing by the sow. One potential alternative to reduce neonatal mortality in pigs is the monitoring of foetal stress during birth, it is also important to consider the physiological, behavioural and biochemical changes that take place during early lactation which subsequently affect the vitality, maturity and development of neonatal pigs. A mortality rate of say 8% of piglets born alive is possible and should be the target, getting more knowledge of factors influencing piglet non-infectious mortality within the first three days may help improve piglet welfare.
Local adaptation of Legionella pneumophila within a hospital hot water system increases tolerance to copper (2020)

Abstract In large-building water systems, Legionella pneumophila is exposed to common environmental stressors such as copper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to copper of L. pneumophila isolates recovered from various sites: two clinical and seven environmental from hot water systems biofilm &amp; water, and from cooling tower water. After one-week acclimation in simulated drinking water, strains were exposed to various copper concentrations (0.8 to 5 mg/L) for over 672 hours. Complete loss of culturability was observed for three isolates, following copper exposure to 5 mg/L for 672h. Two ST1427-like isolates were highly sensitive to copper, while the other two, isolated from biofilm samples, were resistant. The expression of the copper resistance gene copA evaluated by RT-qPCR was significantly higher for the biofilm isolates. All four ST1427-like isolates were recovered from the same water system during an outbreak. Whole genome sequencing results confirmed that the four isolates are very close phylogenetically, differing by only 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting in situ adaptation to microenvironmental conditions, possibly due to epigenetic regulation. These results indicate that the immediate environment within a building water distribution system influences the tolerance of L. pneumophila to copper. Increased contact of L. pneumophila biofilm strains with copper piping or copper alloys in the heat exchanger might lead to local adaptation. The phenotypic differences observed between water and biofilm isolates from the hot water system of a healthcare facility warrants further investigation to assess the relevance of evaluating disinfection performances based on water sampling alone. Importance Legionella pneumophila is a pathogen indigenous to natural and large building water systems in the bulk and the biofilm phases. The immediate environment within a system can impact the tolerance of L. pneumophila to environmental stressors, including copper. In healthcare facilities, copper levels in water can vary, depending on water quality, plumbing materials and age. This study evaluated the impact of the isolation site (water vs biofilm, hot water system vs cooling tower) within building water systems. Closely related strains isolated from a healthcare facility hot water system exhibited variable tolerance to copper stress shown by differential expression of copA , with biofilm isolates displaying highest expression and tolerance. Relying on the detection of L. pneumophila in water samples following exposure to environmental stressor such as copper may underestimate the prevalence of L. pneumophila , leading to inappropriate risk management strategies and increasing the risk of exposure for vulnerable patients.
Electron dynamics in InNxSb1−x (2003)

Electron transport properties in InNxSb1−x are investigated for a range of alloy compositions. The band structure of InNxSb1−x is modeled using a modified k⋅p Hamiltonian. This enables the semiconductor statistics for a given x value to be calculated from the dispersion relation of the E− subband. These calculations reveal that for alloy compositions in the range 0.001⩽x⩽0.02 there is only a small variation of the carrier concentration at a given plasma frequency. A similar trend is observed for the effective mass at the Fermi level. Measurements of the plasma frequency and plasmon lifetime for InNxSb1−x alloys enable the carrier concentration and the effective mass at the Fermi level to be determined and a lower limit for the electron mobility to be estimated.
An Auction-Based Approach for Hybrid Access in Macro-Femto Networks (2016)

Femtocells have been identified as promising means to provide better coverage and improved user Quality of Service (QoS) with low power and cost. Hybrid access is regarded as the most appropriate access control policy for macro-femto networks. Nevertheless, wide adoption of hybrid access is hindered by a lack of incentives for the private femtocell owners to share their resources with nonsubscribers. In this paper, we propose an auction-based approach to promote hybrid access in macro-femto networks. We use a forward multi-object auction with package bidding to determine the access point of macro users. The wireless service provider sells packages of macro users to the femtocell owners which are preferred by macro users. Simulation results demonstrate that by introducing hybrid access auction, the throughput of macro users can be substantially improved. In the meantime, the system energy efficiency can also be improved in the sense that the same system throughput can be achieved with lower power consumption.
Low‐profile tetra wire‐patch antenna for automotive applications (2012)

Abstract A wire‐patch antenna operating over the terrestrial trunked radio emergency and public safety standard is presented. It exploits the use of shorting wires to operate below its fundamental cavity resonance mode. Thanks to low‐cost, low‐profile, solidity, ease of fabrication, and dipole‐like radiation pattern properties, it results to be particularly suitable for automotive applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1711–1714, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26895
VAS_UM/TAT4 ASIC Systems for 3D CdZnTe/HgI/sub 2/ Detector Arrays (2006)

The 4th-generation readout systems based on VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 ASICs for 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe/HgI/sub 2/ detector arrays have been developed and tested. Each VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 chip is a 129-channel self-triggered monolithic application specific integrated circuitry (ASIC). One 3-D position-sensitive detector module consists of one CdZnTe or HgI/sub 2/ gamma-ray spectrometer, and one VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 ASIC mounted on a 2.2 /spl times/ 2.2 cm/sup 2/ front-end board. Each detector has an array of 11 by 11 pixel anodes fabricated on the anode surface with an area up to 2 by 2 cm/sup 2/. The detector and the front-end board are connected by three pairs of 42-pin connectors for easy assemble and component replacement. Up to nine detector modules can be plugged in to a single motherboard to form a 3 by 3 detector array. The VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 chip can read out both the amplitude of induced charge on each electrode and the electron drift time needed for reconstructing energy deposition and three-dimensional coordinates of each radiation interaction. Three different sets of VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 chips were fabricated - the first set is for intermediate energy gamma-ray spectroscopy on CdZnTe with a dynamic range up to 1 MeV per channel. The second set is for higher-energy gamma-ray detection in CdZnTe for energy deposition of up to 3 MeV per channel, and the third set is for HgI/sub 2/ gamma-ray spectrometers (up to 1 MeV per channel). These are the first ASIC readout systems that allow multiple 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe/HgI/sub 2/ detector modules to be tiled together, to achieve detection volume greater than 50 cm/sup 3/ on a single detector plane. Multiple planes of detector arrays can be operated together to achieve more than 100 cm/sup 3/ detection volume and beyond on a single system. In this paper, VAS/spl I.bar/UM/TAT4 ASIC systems are described and their test results will be reported.
Electron irradiation of polymers and its application to resists for electron-beam lithography (1979)

Abstract At the heart of the ongoing revolution in the field of microelectronics is the silicon-integrated circuit. This tiny modular silicon “chip” contains all the elements of an electronic circuit such as transistors, capacitors, etc., inseparably associated and connected to each other by metallic interconnects on the surface of the chip. In the early 196Os, three or four logc circuits, each incorporating perhaps a dozen transistors or other devices, were mounted on a plastic circuit board about 3 × 5 in. in size. Today, upward of 1000 similar circuits can be put onto a silicon chip a few millimeters square. Within a few years,1 extensions of present technology should make it possible to put 10,000 circuits on a similar chip. The continued increase in functional complexity over the past 10 years has been provided by increased chip size, improved device design, changes in topology and technology, and improvements in the photolithographic art.2 The reduction in circuit size has already achieved two major benefits: a sharp decrease in the cost of circuits and a sharp increase in the speed with which logic functions can be performed. These benefits are vividly demonstrated by the proliferation of low‐priced pocket‐sized calculators capable of handling an enormous range of mathematical manipulations.