gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary inflammation caused by chitosan microparticles (2005)

Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer derived from chitin with potential therapeutic applications such as controlled drug delivery to mucosal-epithelial surfaces in the body. Inhaled chitosan microparticles (CM), for example, are of potential interest in pulmonary pharmacotherapy. In this context, we examine some basic reactions of lung tissue to CM. Inhaled CM (2-10 mg/kg of particles) induce dose-dependent proinflammatory effects in rat lungs; these effects are documented in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (BALF-P) and lactate dehydrogenase activity (BALF-LDH) and increases in lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukocyte migration. Overall, the biochemical parameters (i.e., average of BALF-P, BALF-DH, and MPO) indicate that the inflammation response is 1.8-fold greater than controls without CM; the same inflammation parameters, however, are 1.9-fold lower with CM compared with the proinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytological examination of BALF shows a large infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to lung tissue: more than a sixfold increase in this population of inflammatory cells, after inhalation of CM relative to air inhalation controls. Thus, the results indicate that inhaled CM can have significant proinflammatory effects on lung tissues; these effects are mild relative to LPS but need to be considered in the context of therapeutic applications via pulmonary delivery if such concentrations of CM are used.
Sweet taste receptor interacting protein CIB1 is a general inhibitor of InsP3‐dependent Ca2+ release in vivo (2008)

In a search for sweet taste receptor interacting proteins, we have identified the calcium- and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) as specific binding partner of the intracellular carboxyterminal domain of the rat sweet taste receptor subunit Tas1r2. In heterologous human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, the G protein chimeras Galpha(16gust44) and Galpha(15i3) link the sweet taste receptor dimer TAS1R2/TAS1R3 to an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-dependent Ca2+ release pathway. To demonstrate the influence of CIB1 on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, we used sweet and umami compounds as well as other InsP3-generating ligands in FURA-2-based Ca2+ assays in wild-type HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells expressing functional human sweet and umami taste receptor dimers. Stable and transient depletion of CIB1 by short-hairpin RNA increased the Ca2+ response of HEK293 cells to the InsP3-generating ligands ATP, UTP and carbachol. Over-expression of CIB1 had the opposite effect as shown for the sweet ligand saccharin, the umami receptor ligand monosodium glutamate and UTP. The CIB1 effect was dependent on the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ store of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and independent of extracellular Ca2+. The function of CIB1 on InsP3-evoked Ca2+ release from the ER is most likely mediated by its interaction with the InsP3 receptor. Thus, CIB1 seems to be an inhibitor of InsP3-dependent Ca2+ release in vivo.
A Three-level Toggle-avoid Bus Signaling Scheme (2005)

Coupling capacitances between bus lines are dominant in deep-submicron technologies, as a result, both power dissipation and worst-case delay are increased due to coupling transitions. Based on the observation that the toggling sequences 01->10 or 10->01 between two adjacent lines result in four times more coupling energy than other coupling events, we propose a toggle-avoid signaling scheme. By applying a three-level signaling on buses with a choice for representing logic "1", toggling events are reduced with no extra bus lines. We achieve 32% total power savings and 40% worst-case delay reduction with a small power overhead.
Two-Vector-Based Model Predictive Torque Control Without Weighting Factors for Induction Motor Drives (2015)

Conventional model predictive torque control (MPTC) suffers from weighing factor tuning work and relatively high torque ripple, due to the different units of torque and stator flux and the limited number of voltage vectors. This paper proposes an improved MPTC without the use of weighting factor. The torque and flux magnitude references are converted into an equivalent reference vector of stator flux, hence eliminating the weighting factor of stator flux in conventional MPTC. Furthermore, two voltage vectors are applied during one control period to achieve better steady-state performance. Different from prior method using an active vector and a zero vector, the selected voltage vectors may be two nonzero vectors in the proposed method, which provides more opportunities to reduce both torque and flux ripples. The durations of the selected voltage vectors are determined based on the principle of stator flux error minimization. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Polish-like facet preparation via dicing for silica integrated optics (2013)

Preparation of high quality facets for low-loss coupling is a significant production issue for integrated photonics, usually requiring time consuming lapping and polishing. Recently, the development of precision dicing saws with diamond impregnated blades has allowed the achievement of optical grade surfaces in optical materials based on dicing alone. In this report we investigate the optimization dicing conditions to achieve optical quality surfaces in a silica-on-silicon planar substrate and show what can be achieved by correct selection of machining parameters.
Incorporation of 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate, a glycerol 3-phosphate analogue, into the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis (1977)

3,4-Dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate, a bacteriostatic agent toward Bacillus subtilus 168 and a bactericidal agent toward strain W 23, is incorporated into cell walls and phospholipids of each strain.
Recent Progress on Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity and Thermally Modified Analogue Materials for Membrane‐Based Fluid Separations (2021)

Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Recent progress on polymers of microporosity and their thermally-treated analogs for membranebased fluid separations are highlighted by Yingge Wang, Yu Han, Ingo Pinnau, and coworkers in article number 2100049. Challenges and opportunities are identified for these materials in energy-intensive separations such as CO2/CH4, C2H4/C2H6 and C3H6/C3H8 separations, as well as for thin-film composite membranes containing polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) motifs in liquid applications.
3 Micron Imaging of the Hubble Deep Field (2000)

Images of the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) at 3.2 μm, taken with the 10 m Keck Telescope, are presented. The images cover a total area of ~2.5 arcmin^2. To a 5 σ limit of [3.2]_(tot) ≈ 17.5 mag (Vega relative), 11 sources are detected, nine of which are extragalactic. The integrated galaxy number counts are therefore ~1.3 × 10^4 deg^(-2) to this depth. The galaxies detected at 3.2 μm have a median redshift of z = 0.56. All 3.2 μm sources have 1.6 μm, 1.1 μm, and visual counterparts, all of fairly regular morphology; several also have 6.7 μm, 15 μm, 850 μm, 8.5 GHz, or 1.4 GHz counterparts. No sources are found that are either anomalously red or anomalously blue in their H-[3.2] color, and there are significant detections of most of the known near-infrared HDF sources for which detection in these 3.2 μm data seemed likely.
A Model for Professional Rehabilitation Nursing Practice (1995)

As partners in health care, clinical and administrative nurses must share in the work, risks, and rewards inherent in nursing practice while promoting high-quality results in a cost-conscious and cost-effective environment. One way to achieve these results is by developing a nontraditional rehabilitation structure and nursing practice model. This article discusses practical strategies for constructing and implementing such a model; it also identifies tangible outcomes of using the model. The healthcare environment in the 1990s demands a high level of involvement on the part of staff; the rehabilitation nursing model presented in this article meets this challenge.
Preparation of PtO and α-PtO2 Thin Films by Reactive Sputtering and Their Electrical Properties (1999)

Pt oxide thin films are prepared by sputtering Pt target in an atmosphere containing Ar and O 2 gases. Polycrystalline PtO and α-PtO 2 films are obtained in O 2 flow ratio regions of 30–50% and 80–100%, respectively, at a substrate temperature of 300°C. Electrical resistivity of the PtO film is found to be 1–2 mΩcm and shows almost no temperature dependence. The metallic character of the PtO film is assumed to be suppressed by its poor crystallinity. The α-PtO 2 film has a large resistivity of approximately 1 Ωcm with a negative temperature coefficient, which indicates semiconducting characteristics. Thermal stability of PtO and α-PtO 2 films in air and in vacuum is studied. These films are stable up to 500°C and 250°C in air and in vacuum, respectively, and are reduced to Pt above these temperatures.
A Kinetic and Product Study of the Hydrolysis of ClONO2on Type Ia Polar Stratospheric Cloud Materials at 185 K (1997)

A Knudsen cell reactor equipped with FTIR reflection−absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) has been used to study the hydrolysis of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) on thin nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) films. The reaction efficiencies and condensed-phase products have been measured for a variety of water partial pressures at 185 K. The reaction efficiencies for ClONO2 hydrolysis on NAT and NAD were of similar magnitude and increased from γ = 0.0004 to γ = 0.007 as the water partial pressure was increased from 5 × 10-6 to 1.4 × 10-4 Torr. Although these values agree well with literature values at 90% relative humidity, significant differences are observed at lower relative humidities. Using our results at 185 K along with previous studies at 191 and 202 K, we suggest that this reaction may have a temperature dependence that is not currently addressed in atmospheric models. In the condensed phase, we observed the water dependence by the formation of progressively water-rich surface layers. The amount of water incorporated onto the NAT and NAD films increased with increasing relative humidity, suggesting that ClONO2 hydrolysis occurs most efficiently on a water-rich hydrate surface. For water saturation ratios S ⩾ 1.5, nucleation and growth of crystalline ice was observed to occur in the aqueous HNO3 surface layer on top of the reactant NAD and NAT films.
Fiume és a nemzetiségi egyenjogúság tárgyában hozott 1868. évi XLIV. törvénycikk (2020)

Fiume (current official name: Rijeka) became part of Hungary in 1779 as a “corpus separatum”. At the time of the so-called provision, after 1870, the legal system of the port city developed in a special way. Although the Hungarian government took over the administration of the city again, this did not mean the automatic reception and application of the entire Hungarian legal system. Some Hungarian laws were not later enacted in Fiume. The article prepared on the basis of the conference lecture in Cluj-Napoca (Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania) intends to review the issues of legal interpretation of the applicability of Act XLIV of 1868 on National Equality by using descriptive method, taking into account legal history and legal theory aspects.
Conservation of neuronal number and size in the entorhinal cortex of behaviorally characterized aged rats (2001)

Despite abundant evidence of behavioral and electrophysiological dysfunction of the rodent hippocampal formation with aging, the structural basis of age-related cognitive decline remains unclear. Recently, unbiased stereological studies of the mammalian hippocampus have found little evidence to support the dogma that cellular loss accompanies hippocampal aging, thereby supporting an alternative hypothesis that aging is marked by widespread conservation of neuronal number. However, to date, the effects of aging have not been reported in another key component of memory systems in the rodent brain, the entorhinal cortex. In the present study, we stereologically estimated total neuronal number and size (cross-sectional area and cell volume) in the subdivisions and cellular layers of the rat entorhinal cortex, using the optical fractionator and nucleator, respectively. Comparisons were made among Fischer 344 rats that were young, aged-impaired, and aged-unimpaired (based on functional analysis in the Morris water maze). No significant differences in cell number or size were observed in any of the entorhinal subdivisions or laminae examined in each group. Thus, aging is associated with widespread conservation of neuronal number, despite varying degrees of cognitive decline, in all memory-related systems examined to date. These data suggest that mechanisms of age-related cognitive decline are to be found in parameters other than neuronal number or size in the cortex of the mammalian brain.
Mechanism of inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. (1988)

The sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulfate and heparin have proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. Dextran sulfate (Mr 5000) and heparin (Mr 15,000) completely protected MT-4 cells against HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml. Their 50% inhibitory concentrations were 9.1 micrograms/ml (dextran sulfate) and 7.0 micrograms/ml (heparin), respectively. No toxicity for the host cells was observed with these compounds at a concentration of 625 micrograms/ml. The anti-HIV-1 activity of heparins of various molecular weights correlated well with their anticoagulant activity. On the other hand, with dextran sulfates of low molecular weight (5000, 8000) a significant inhibitory effect on HIV-1 was achieved at a concentration that was not markedly inhibitory to the blood coagulation process. Dextran sulfate and heparin were not inhibitory to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase unless they were used at concentrations in excess of those that inhibited HIV-1 replication. They were highly effective against HIV-1 replication even when present only during the 2-hr virus adsorption period. Studies using radiolabeled HIV-1 virions indicated that dextran sulfate and heparin inhibit virus adsorption to the host cells.
Experimental Evaluation of Interference from MB-OFDM UWB Systems to Narrowband Wireless Digital Transmission Systems (2007)

Multi-band orthogonal frequency-division multipleaccess (MB-OFDM) is one of the UWB technologies that realize wireless personal network (WPAN). In this paper, we experimentally investigated the interference from MBOFDM signal to narrowband QPSK digital transmission system. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the narrowband QPSK system under the interference of UWB signal was evaluated, assuming the white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The experimental results show a curve with BER degradation characteristics. The difference of the BER degradation characteristics according to the modulation parameter of the signal is discussed.
Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub 3/ magnet powder made by reduction and diffusion method (1999)

High performance Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub 3/ magnet powder is developed by a reduction and diffusion method. Typical remanence, coercivity and maximum energy product obtained are 1.40 T, 1.13 T and 323 kJ/m/sup 3/, respectively. Decreasing samarium content, oxygen content and the amount of /spl alpha/-Fe are found to be the important factors to realize high energy product.
Interactions between SOX factors and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in development and disease (2009)

The SOX family of transcription factors have emerged as modulators of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in diverse development and disease contexts. There are over 20 SOX proteins encoded in the vertebrate genome and recent evidence suggests that many of these can physically interact with beta-catenin and modulate the transcription of Wnt-target genes. The precise mechanisms by which SOX proteins regulate beta-catenin/TCF activity are still being resolved and there is evidence to support a number of models including: protein-protein interactions, the binding of SOX factors to Wnt-target gene promoters, the recruitment of co-repressors or co-activators, modulation of protein stability, and nuclear translocation. In some contexts, Wnt signaling also regulates SOX expression resulting in feedback regulatory loops that fine-tune cellular responses to beta-catenin/TCF activity. In this review, we summarize the examples of Sox-Wnt interactions and examine the underlying mechanisms of this potentially widespread and underappreciated mode of Wnt-regulation.
Data Supplement from Glucose-6–phosphatase Is a Key Metabolic Regulator of Glioblastoma Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1, related to Experimental Procedures: Molecular characterization of primary BTICs. Supplementary Figure S2, related to Supplementary Figure 1: BTICs recover their proliferative and invasive capacities in vitro. Supplementary Figure S3, related to Supplementary Figure 3: BTICs express G6PC and its inhibition decreases cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Supplementary Figure S4, related to Supplementary Figure 3: G6PC knockdowns exhibit decreased cell invasion and migration. Supplementary Figure S5, related to Supplementary Figure 4: Pharmacological inhibition of G6PC induces an increase in the expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP in the recovery group. Supplementary Figure S6, related to Supplementary Figure 5: G6PC knockdown activates glycogen synthase (GYS1) and inhibits glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL). Supplementary Figure S7, related to Supplementary Figure 6: Invasion and proliferation capacity of BTICs in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Dysport and Botox at a ratio of 2.5:1 units in cervical dystonia: A double‐blind, randomized study (2014)

We aimed to compare Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA, Ipsen Biopharm, Slough, UK) and Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) at a 2.5:1 ratio in the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD). A Dysport/Botox ratio of lower than 3:1 was suggested as a more appropriate conversion ratio, considering its higher efficacy and more frequent incidence of adverse effects not only in the treatment of CD but also in other focal movement disorders. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, non-inferiority, two-period crossover study was done in CD, with a duration of at least 18 months. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment for the first period with Dysport or Botox, and they were followed up for 16 weeks after the injection. After a 4-week washout period, they were switched to the other formulation and then followed up for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the changes in the Tsui scale between the baseline value and that at 1 month after each injection. A total of 103 patients were enrolled, and 94 completed the study. Mean changes in the Tsui scale between baseline and 4 weeks after each injection tended to favor Botox; however, this was not statistically significant (4.0 ± 3.9 points for the Dysport treatment vs. 4.8 ± 4.1 points for Botox; 95% confidence interval, -0.1-1.7; P = 0.091). The mean change of the Toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale score, the proportion of improvement in clinical global impression and patient global impression, and the incidences of adverse events were not significantly different between the two treatments. With regard to safety and efficacy, Dysport was not inferior to Botox in patients with CD at a conversion factor of 2.5:1. [clinicaltrial.gov: NCT00950664]
On the Use of Probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time Estimation for Parallel Applications in High Performance Systems (2020)

Some high performance computing (HPC) applications exhibit increasing real-time requirements, which call for effective means to predict their high execution times distribution. This is a new challenge for HPC applications but a well-known problem for real-time embedded applications where solutions already exist, although they target low-performance systems running single-threaded applications. In this paper, we show how some performance validation and measurement-based practices for real-time execution time prediction can be leveraged in the context of HPC applications on high-performance platforms, thus enabling reliable means to obtain real-time guarantees for those applications. In particular, the proposed methodology uses coordinately techniques that randomly explore potential timing behavior of the application together with Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to predict rare (and high) execution times to, eventually, derive probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time (pWCET) curves. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for an acoustic wave inversion application used for geophysical exploration.
A nonlinear dynamic filter to improve disturbance rejection in optical storage drives (2004)

To improve the low-frequency disturbance rejection properties of a DVD drive subjected to harmonic shocks, a variable gain control design in combination with an additional notch filter is suggested. A nonlinear control design is applied to overcome the trade-off between disturbance rejection and measurement noise sensitivity. Hereto the loop gain is increased beyond a threshold value for the radial error signal. To extend the current variable gain limitation, an additional notch filter is introduced. By tuning the notch filter parameters, stability is guaranteed way beyond the gain values obtained in the filter's absence. Stability is studied globally on the basis of absolute stability theory and locally via numerical computation. The resulting performance is studied numerically on the basis of a nonlinear sensitivity analysis.
Simultaneous realization of millimeter wave uniplanar shunt stubs and dc block (2002)

The exploitation of the potentialities linked to uniplanar technology for telecommunications is only at its beginning and even if significant advances have been realized, the context remains evolutive. This paper therefore proposes a new concept for the generation of millimeter wave uniplanar shunt stubs by means of slotline resonator instead of coplanar line resonators. Thus, the short end slotline stub has now the ability to be configured as shunt and series stubs, and therefore acts as a bandpass and bandstop filter respectively. This gives additional degrees of freedom to the design. Compared to the existing CPW short-end shunt stub, the advantages which may be derived from the use of the proposed framework are: additional degrees of freedom, lower radiation loss, larger bandwidth, high compactness and a reduction of the number of air bridges which are potentially expensive to build. Its worth noting that the new short end shunt stubs provides both bandpass behavior and dc blocking simultaneously which is not the case for the standard CPW shunt stub. Furthermore, the present paper proves that the capability to generate shunt stubs in slot line form allows one also to relax the limitations inherent to the realization of low and high impedance levels. In this way, various shunt stubs in slotline form with proposed geometries including rectangular and slot ring shapes are fabricated and accurate on-wafer measurements are performed over a large band of interest (1-50 GHz), The realization of these shunt stubs is detailed and also confirmed with experimental results.