gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metaproteomics method to determine carbon sources and assimilation pathways of species in microbial communities (2018)

Measurements of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) are widely used in biology to address questions regarding food sources and metabolic pathways used by organisms. The analysis of these so-called stable isotope fingerprints (SIFs) for microbes involved in biogeochemical cycling and microbiota of plants and animals has led to major discoveries in environmental microbiology. Currently, obtaining SIFs for microbial communities is challenging as the available methods either only provide low taxonomic resolution, such as the use of lipid biomarkers, or are limited in throughput, such as nanoscale secondary ion MS imaging of single cells. Here we present "direct protein-SIF" and the Calis-p software package (https://sourceforge.net/projects/calis-p/), which enable high-throughput measurements of accurate δ<sup>13</sup>C values for individual species within a microbial community. We benchmark the method using 20 pure culture microorganisms and show that the method reproducibly provides SIF values consistent with gold-standard bulk measurements performed with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Using mock community samples, we demonstrate that SIF values can also be obtained for individual species within a microbial community. Finally, a case study of an obligate bacteria-animal symbiosis shows that direct protein-SIF confirms previous physiological hypotheses and can provide unexpected insights into the symbionts' metabolism. This confirms the usefulness of this approach to accurately determine δ<sup>13</sup>C values for different species in microbial community samples.
Phototransferred Thermoluminescence for Use in UVB Dosimetry (2002)

Results are reported of a study of phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) as a potential method for ultraviolet (UV) radiation dosimetry using several different TL materials. The materials studied in depth include Al2O3:C, CaF2:Cu, MgO and MgO:Cu. The experimental features discussed in this paper include the PTTL response as a function of exposure time at 307 nm and the PTTL wavelength dependence over the range 250-450 nm, using a fixed photon flux at the sample. The study confirms the attractive properties of Al2O3:C as a UV dosimetry material, while CaF2:Cu is shown to have potential as a UVC dosemeter.
A New X-Ray Beam for the ESRF Beamlines, Opto-Mechanical Global Survey (2018)

The new ESRF photon source EBS, introduces important changes for the beamlines. Half of them are concerned with the concept of low beta (small source size/ high divergence). This survey is an opto-mechanical review with all of the thermal/high heat-load issues on optics. This plan uses new package, OASYS aimed at making X-ray beam simulations for most optical parameters. White beam aspects are introduced, using ANSYS and COMSOL modules, leading to beam propagation FEA analysis with deformed optics. This presentation describes the optical aspects of the ESRF beamlines (high/low beta optics), and their transition towards this new source. Some key issues like IDs beam illumination; power filtering and optimization of the best part of the spectrum are detailed. Mirrors and monochromator crystals deformation will be presented, first for the day-one best conditions. As a second issue, OASYS enables to simulate the full beamline, from the IDs to the experiment, allowing simulating virtual experiments, with samples. This work is developed through many ESRF contributors; first the OASYS designers, Optics group, and then opto-mechanical experts, in association with mechanical engineering.
A Study of User Created Sale Contents Management Method Using Peer-to-Peer Technology (2007)

This study is about user created contents management method for internet shopping mall. The review information or movie clips which are created and posted by user on personal blog after usage of a product have been seldom applied on shopping mall that sells the product. As a result of the study, the contents can be applied on an internet shopping mall as sale contents that support consumers to get detail information about the products.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation affects behavior by biasing endogenous cortical oscillations (2009)

A governing assumption about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been that it interferes with task-related neuronal activity - in effect, by "injecting noise" into the brain - and thereby disrupts behavior. Recent reports of rTMS-produced behavioral enhancement, however, call this assumption into question. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rTMS delivered during the delay period of a visual working memory task by simultaneously recording brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG). Subjects performed visual working memory for locations or for shapes, and in half the trials a 10-Hz train of rTMS was delivered to the superior parietal lobule (SPL) or a control brain area. The wide range of individual differences in the effects of rTMS on task accuracy, from improvement to impairment, was predicted by individual differences in the effect of rTMS on power in the alpha-band of the EEG ( approximately 10 Hz): a decrease in alpha-band power corresponded to improved performance, whereas an increase in alpha-band power corresponded to the opposite. The EEG effect was localized to cortical sources encompassing the frontal eye fields and the intraparietal sulcus, and was specific to task (location, but not object memory) and to rTMS target (SPL, not control area). Furthermore, for the same task condition, rTMS-induced changes in cross-frequency phase synchrony between alpha- and gamma-band (>40 Hz) oscillations predicted changes in behavior. These results suggest that alpha-band oscillations play an active role cognitive processes and do not simply reflect absence of processing. Furthermore, this study shows that the complex effects of rTMS on behavior can result from biasing endogenous patterns of network-level oscillations.
A Flexible Frame Structure for 5G Wide Area (2015)

In this paper we present a 5G frame structure designed for efficient support of users with highly diverse service requirements, including mobile broadband (MBB) data, mission critical communication (MCC), and massive machine communication (MMC). The proposed solution encompasses flexible multiplexing of users on a shared channel with dynamic adjustment of the transmission time interval (TTI) in coherence with the service requirements per link. This allows optimization of the fundamental trade-offs between spectral efficiency, latency, and reliability for each link. The frame structure is based on in-resource physical layer control signaling that follows the corresponding data transmission for each individual user. The principle of in-resource control signaling has numerous advantages; it presents a highly flexible and scalable solution, it allows joint beamforming for control and data transmission, as well as efficient time-frequency inter-cell interference coordination. Numerical results are presented, including simple comparison against LTE.
The pressurized entrained flow reactor at Risoe. Design report (1995)

This report gives a detailed description of the design of the Pressurized Entrained Flow Reactor situated at the Department of Combustion Research at Risoe National Laboratory. The building of the Pressurized Entrained Flow Reactor has been a part of the project `Theoretical and experimental investigation of combustion and gasification of coal at high pressure and high temperature`. The project has been funded by the Danish utility associations Elsam and Elkraft and the Danish Ministry of Energy under the EFP-91 programme under contract no. ENS-1323/91-0016. The main objective of the part of the project described here has been to develop and build a facility capable of performing pyrolysis, combustion and gasification experiments at temperatures up to 1500 deg. C and at pressures up to 80 bar. The decision on the actual design was taken in June 1993 and the initial tests were performed in May 1994. An experimental programme has been conducted including performance tests of the facility, which ended in April 1995. The gas preheater has been tested at 21 bar at 1500 deg. C and the reactor has been tested at 16 bar and 1500 deg. C. (au) 4 tabs., 17 ills., 1 map, 10 refs.
Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Charge Noise in Quantum Dot Qubits (2023)

Silicon quantum dot qubits show great promise but suffer from charge noise with a 1/f^αspectrum, where f is frequency and α\lesssim 1. It has recently been proposed that 1/f^αnoise spectra can emerge from a few thermally activated two-level fluctuators in the presence of sub-bath temperature fluctuations associated with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG)~\cite{Ahn2021}. We investigate this proposal by doing Monte Carlo simulations of a single Ising spin in a bath with a fluctuating temperature. We find that to obtain noise with a $1/f^α$ spectrum with $alpha \lesssim 1 down to low frequencies, the duration of temperature fluctuations must be comparable to the inverse of the lowest frequency at which the noise is measured. This result is consistent with an analytic calculation in which the fluctuator is a two-state system with dynamics governed by time-dependent switching rates. In this case we find that the noise spectrum follows a Lorentzian at frequencies lower than the inverse of the average duration of the lowest switching rate. We then estimate relaxation times of thermal fluctuations by considering thermal diffusion in an electron gas in a confined geometry. We conclude that temperature fluctuations in a 2DEG sub-bath would require an unphysically long duration to be consistent with experimental measurements of 1/f-like charge noise in quantum dots at frequencies extending well below 1 Hz.
ChemInform Abstract: UV‐SPEKTROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UEBER 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1H‐CHINAZOLONE‐(4) UND TAUTOMERE AZOMETHINE (1970)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des Anthranilsäureamids (I) mit den Benzaldehyden (II) wurden die Azomethine (III) (Ausbeute 46‐80%) erhalten.
WHOLE BODY PROTEIN METABOLISM IS REDUCED WITH AGING BUT IS UNAFFECTED BY AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING (2002)

Conflicting previous reports on the effect of age on whole body protein metabolism may be related to small sample sizes, changes in body composition, or diet and exercise status. The effect of aerobic exercise training on whole body protein turnover remains to be determined. PURPOSE: This study tested the hypothesis that aging is associated with a reduction in whole body protein turnover that may be reversed by an aercbic exercise training program. METHODS: Healthy, previously untrained subjects (N = 78, age 21–88 y) were studied before and after four months of bicycle training (ExTr, up to 45 min at 80% HRmax, 3–4d/week) or control activity using [13C] leucine (Leu) and [15N] phenylalanine (Phe) tracers. Diet and activity were standardized for 3 days prior to each study. RESULTS: Aging was associated with declines in Phe (r = 0.68) and Leu (r = 0.66) flux, Leu oxidation (r = 0.68) and non-oxidative Leu disposal (r = 0.58) in both men and women, all p < 0.01. The decreases were 4–5% per decade, regardless of whether the data were expressed as μmol/h or normalized for body mass or fat-free mass (FFM, from dual x-ray absorptiometry). FFM, which also declined 3% per decade, was the best correlate of Leu (r = 0.88) and Phe (r = 0.78) fluxes, but did not eliminate the significant contribution of age in multiple regression models. Control subjects had no change in VO2max, FFM or amino acid kinetics and the coefficients of variation for these measurements were ≤ 5.3%. ExTr imporved VO2max 10 ± 1% (p < 0.01) in all subjects, regardless of age, but did not alter FFM or amino acid kinetics. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that aging is associated with reduced rates of whole body protein turnover that are not corrected by four months of aerobic training. This may represent an irreversible age-related decrease in tissue remodeling. Support: NIH RO1AG09531, MO1RR00585
A study on fast object recognition based on selective visual attention system (2008)

This research focuses on the recognition of vehicle external objects using selective visual attention system. We had proposed the selective visual attention system with the feedback of recognition results. The system has three visual features such as still image feature, motion feature and blinking feature, and has intention maps for each visual feature. The intention maps have come to express existing regions of objects according to recognition feedback. Motion feature and blinking feature have strong correlation with each other. That causes a deviation of feature extraction and of intention map update. Consequently, the regions of attractive objects disappear on intention maps. Blinking feature must be independent from motion feature. We propose the blinking brand-new feature extracted by FFT applied to dozens of frames. As the results of experiments, the proposed feature can affect goodly to visual attention system.
Statin Intake and All-Cause Mortality among Older Nursing Home Residents (2021)

The statin intake was associated with decreased all-cause mortality in older people residing in nursing homes. More in-depth studies investigating the potential geroprotector effect of statins in this population are needed.
Self-Organized Mechanism for Distributed Setup of Multiple Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Systems (2012)

We propose a distributed and self-organized framework for collaboration of multiple heterogeneous IDS sensors. The framework is based on a game-theoretical approach that optimizes behavior of each IDS sensor with respect to other sensors in highly dynamic environments. We formalize the proposed collaborative architecture as a game between defenders and attackers and transform the hard problem of heterogeneous collaboration into an easier problem of finding two functions that are used in the game-theoretical model to specialize the detection mechanisms on a specific type of malicious activity. The collaboration of such more specialized IDS nodes covers much wider range of attack classes, allowing the collaborating system to maximize the overall network security awareness. We have evaluated the proposed concept on real networks, where we have shown considerable improvements in the detection capabilities of intrusion detection devices thanks to the proposed collaboration model.
Treating peripheral arterial disease percutaneously with atherectomy. (2012)

An aggressive approach to PR with frequent use of atherectomy resulted in high rates of limb salvage and patency. Smoking cessation and excisional atherectomy may improve patency rates.
APPLICATION OF AN INFORMATION THEORY MODEL FOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN THE GENUS ARCEUTHOBIUM (VISCACEAE) (1968)

Summary A character for a group under study embodies the notion of “similar with respect to a basis for comparison” by inducing a partition of the group into classes called character states. Objects which are members of the same state are considered similar. The information in a character can be measured. This enables us to determine that Some characters share information with other characters. Some properties may be predicted from knowledge of other properties. Conventional notions of character “equality” and “weighting” are often misleading. In a very real sense, a classification is a character and may be measured for its information preserving capacity. The information in selected characters of the genus Arceuthobium was analysed in this manner; the results of this analysis are presented.
Two Deposit Insurance Funds Are Not Necessarily Better Than One (2000)

With the passage of the Financial Modernization Act in 1999, the FDIC began reforming our system of federal deposit guarantees. Among the possibilities it has recently raised is a merger of its Bank Insurance Fund with its Savings Association Insurance Fund. This Economic Commentary explores that option.
A High Energy Level Pneumatic Energy Absorbing Bumper (1973)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new concept in pneumatic energy absorbing bumper systems for motor vehicles has been developed, the dynamic testing of which demonstrates considerable promise in dissipating large blocks of energy in an accident situation. Having a flexible front section molded from a castable elastomer, the pressurized system is equipped with relief valves that open at a predetermined pressure during collision, thus dissipating energy.&lt;/div&gt;
Route to OCT from OFS at University of Kent (2011)

A review is presented of several technical solutions developed by the Applied Optics Group (AOG) in the field of low coherence interferometry applied to optical fiber sensors (OFS) that subsequently allowed AOG to quickly progress in the field of optical coherence tomography (OCT).
3D-printed bone-inspired composites (2015)

Nature is an unlimited source of knowledge and advice for scientists and engineers. In particular, the optimized natural hierarchical materials are a good source of inspiration for the design of new smart materials. Among these, an intriguing material is bone, with a lightweight structure, providing support for animal bodies. The optimal combination of mechanical properties, in particular the significant toughness, makes it very attractive for research studies. The fracture behavior of bone is an interesting field of research from both medical and engineering viewpoints. In particular, engineers are interested in studying bone to get inspiration for the design of new materials. The design of new materials inspired by nature is an innovative and interdisciplinary research area, particularly attractive and known as biomimetics. By using a biomimetic approach, we design and realize a new composite material with an internal structure inspired to the microstructure of cortical bone. The new material, which is a 3D-printed synthetic polymer composite, is characterized by a repeating structural unit with a circular-cylindrical shape, designed to mimic the osteons. We characterize the material under static loading conditions (i.e. tensile) and we investigate the fracture behavior by performing tests in presence of a crack. We carried out tests in two directions, accounting for the anisotropy the bone-like composites. To investigate the effect of the osteon geometry, we designed two materials: i) characterized by perfectly circular osteons and, ii) characterized by elliptical osteons. In both cases, we paid attention to keep the osteon volume ratio constant and equal to that measured in mid-age human bone. The results of the tests prove how the osteon geometry and their arrangement affect the crack path and the overall behavior of the composite. By observing the failure mode, we also noticed several similarities with the toughening mechanisms occurring in cortical bone, such as crack deflection and branching, constrained microcracking and fibril bridging. This confirms the validity of the bone-inspired design to mimic the fracture behavior of cortical bone at microstructural level.
A Review of Adhesion in an Ohmic Microswitch (2010)

Abstract Due to fundamental scaling laws, the effect of surface forces becomes relatively large for microscale structures, such as MEMS. The operation of an ohmic MEMS microswitch relies on repeated make-and-break contacts, typically between each of two metal tips and a metal drain. Large contact forces are desirable for low contact resistance, but the resulting plastic deformation at this small scale, as well as the breaking through of contaminant films, further increases the adhesion force which can then exceed the restoring force of the actuator. This stuck-closed failure, also known as stiction, is a major hindrance to switch reliability and to the ultimate commercialization of these devices. In this article we review the experimental and modeling efforts which have been directed to achieving an improved understanding of adhesion in an ohmic MEMS microswitch. Keywords: ADHESIONMICROSWITCHMEMS
Does increased local bone resorption secondary to breast and prostate cancer result in increased cartilage degradation? (2008)

Data suggest that an uncoupling between bone resorption and cartilage degradation occurs in breast and lung cancer patient.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Claypan Soils Due to Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Tillage/Fertilizer Placement Practices (2012)

Poorly drained soils can potentially have large amounts of applied fertilizer N lost through denitrification which can be a major contributor to soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. These soil N 2 O emissions due to agricultural practices are significant because they contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of tillage/fertilizer placement (i.e., no‐till/surface broadcast and strip‐till/deep banded) and N fertilizer source [i.e., non‐coated urea (NCU), polymer‐coated urea (PCU), nontreated control] on soil N 2 O emissions from corn ( Zea mays L.) production over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in a poorly drained claypan soil in Northeast Missouri. Averaged over 2009 and 2010, no significant differences were observed in cumulative soil N2O emissions, between treatment plots with NCU (5.21 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 ) and PCU (5.48 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 ). Soil N 2 O losses represented between 2.8 and 3.0% of annual fertilizer N applied, respectively. Strip‐till/deep banded N placement emitted 28% less N 2 O (0.2 kg N 2 O‐N) per Mg grain produced ( P = 0.0284) compared to that of no‐till/surface broadcasted N. Impacts of alternative management practices on soil N 2 O losses may also need to consider changes in agricultural production to allow producers to decide which practices are best suited to balance their production and environmental goals.
Strength Capacities and Behavior of New Composite Timber-Steel Connector (2001)

This paper examines the strength properties of a new timber connector that consists of a sectioned steel tube embedded into the end grain of heavy-timber structural members using a vinyl-ester based mortar. The steel cap of the connector features a threaded hole that allows for the attachment of a variety of connecting steel elements. Connectors were tested in tension and compression in spruce glulam and in tension in parallel strand lumber. Lateral loading tests were performed on single and double connector arrangements with different edge distances and member sizes using spruce glulam members. An additional test series was conducted on specimens exposed to changing climatic environments over a period of 18 weeks prior to tension tests. Results of the tension and compression tests showed a low variation in strength and stiffness. Tension specimens showed an abrupt and brittle failure, indicating the requirement for a more controlled and ductile steel-element failure. Ductile behavior was observed in the compression tests resulting from the deformation characteristics of the wood. In addition, the connection showed a small reduction in strength after the climate cycles. A relationship between edge distance and lateral load capacity was established.