gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Intensity Source for the Molecular Beam. Part II. Experimental (1951)

The ordinary effusion (``oven'') slit of a conventional molecular beam apparatus was replaced by a slit of special design facing into a supersonic jet from a miniature nozzle. Using ammonia as a test gas, it was observed that at inlet pressures above about 170 mm the molecular beam intensity began to rise far more rapidly than the pressure. The maximum observed intensity exceeded by more than a factor of twenty that obtainable from the effusion slits under optimum conditions and continued to rise rapidly at the highest inlet pressures possible with the available equipment. Certain imperfections of the present apparatus restricted observations to ammonia; their presence indicates that still greater enhancement of molecular beam intensity is possible with an apparatus of refined design.
Asymmetric Transport of Light through All-dielectric Structured Media (2016)

Asymmetric transmission of light usually requires chiral materials or grating-like structures that make them sensitive to all parameters of incident light. Here we show asymmetric transport of light that is broadband and polarization-insensitive.
Chronic sleep deprivation markedly reduces coagulation factor VII expression (2010)

Chronic sleep loss, a common feature of human life in industrialized countries, is associated to cardiovascular disorders. Variations in functional parameters of coagulation might contribute to explain this relationship. By exploiting the mouse model and a specifically designed protocol, we demonstrated that seven days of partial sleep deprivation significantly decreases (-30.5%) the thrombin generation potential in plasma evaluated upon extrinsic (TF/FVIIa pathway) but not intrinsic activation of coagulation. This variation was consistent with a decrease (-49.8%) in the plasma activity levels of factor VII (FVII), the crucial physiologicalal trigger of coagulation, which was even more pronounced at the liver mRNA level (-85.7%). The recovery in normal sleep conditions for three days completely restored thrombin generation and FVII activity in plasma. For the first time, we demonstrate that chronic sleep deprivation on its own reduces, in a reversible manner, the FVII expression levels, thus influencing the TF/FVIIa activation pathway efficiency.
Cajal Cell Counts are Important Predictors of Outcomes in Drug Refractory Gastroparesis Patients With Neurostimulation (2018)

Electrograms obtained after GES demonstrates immediate improvement in gastric electrical activity and gastroparesis symptoms in patients with relatively higher Cajal cell counts when compared with patients with extensive loss of Cajal cells.
Design and implementation of FPGA-based LQ control of active magnetic bearings (2007)

The need for high performance, high precision, and energy saving in rotating machinery demands an alternative solution to traditional bearings. Because of the contactless operation principle, the rotating machines employing active magnetic bearings (AMBs) provide many advantages over the traditional ones. The advantages such as contamination-free operation, low maintenance costs, high rotational speeds, low parasitic losses, programmable stiffness and damping, and vibration insulation come at expense of high cost, and complex technical solution. All these properties make the use of AMBs appropriate primarily for specific and highly demanding applications.&#13;\n\tHigh performance and high precision control requires model-based control methods and accurate models of the flexible rotor. In turn, complex models lead to high-order controllers and feature considerable computational burden. Fortunately, in the last few years the advancements in signal processing devices provide new perspective on the real-time control of AMBs. The design and the real-time digital implementation of the high-order LQ controllers, which focus on fast execution times, are the subjects of this work.&#13;\n\tIn particular, the control design and implementation in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits are investigated. The optimal design is guided by the physical constraints of the system for selecting the optimal weighting matrices. The plant model is complemented by augmenting appropriate disturbance models. The compensation of the force-field nonlinearities is proposed for decreasing the uncertainty of the actuator. A disturbance-observer-based unbalance compensation for canceling the magnetic force vibrations or vibrations in the measured positions is presented. The theoretical studies are verified by the practical experiments utilizing a custom-built laboratory test rig. The test rig uses a prototyping control platform developed in the scope of this work.&#13;\n\tTo sum up, the work makes a step in the direction of an embedded single-chip FPGA-based controller of AMBs.
The role of site-specific N-glycosylation in secretion of soluble forms of rabies virus glycoprotein (1998)

Rabies virus glycoprotein is important in the biology and pathogenesis of neurotropic rabies virus infection. This transmembrane glycoprotein is the only viral protein on the surface of virus particles, is the viral attachment protein that facilitates virus uptake by the infected cell, and is the target of the host humoral immune response to infection. The extracellular domain of this glycoprotein has N-glycosylation sequons at Asn37, Asn247, and Asn319. Appropriate glycosylation of these sequons is important in the expression of the glycoprotein. Soluble forms of rabies virus glycoprotein were constructed by insertion of a stop codon just external to the transmembrane domain. Using site-directed mutagenesis and expression in transfected eukaryotic cells, it was possible to compare the effects of site-specific glycosylation on the cell-surface expression and secretion of transmembrane and soluble forms, respectively, of the same glycoprotein. These studies yielded the surprising finding that although any of the three sequons permitted cell surface expression of full-length rabies virus glycoprotein, only the N-glycan at Asn319 permitted secretion of soluble rabies virus glycoprotein. Despite its biological and medical importance, it has not yet been possible to determine the crystal structure of the full-length transmembrane form of rabies virus glycoprotein which contains heterogeneous oligosaccharides. The current studies demonstrate that a soluble form of rabies virus glycoprotein containing only one sequon at Asn319 is efficiently secreted in the presence of the N-glycan processing inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin. Thus, it is possible to purify a conformationally relevant form of rabies virus glycoprotein that contains only one N-glycan with a substantial reduction in its microheterogeneity. This form of the glycoprotein may be particularly useful for future studies aimed at elucidating the three-dimensional structure of this important glycoprotein.
Comprehensive Analysis of Properties and Performance of Reclaimed Pavements in Maine with Use of Nondestructive Testing and Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Software (2006)

This paper describes how full depth reclamation with foamed asphalt and plant mixed recycled asphalt pavement is being used for rehabilitation of asphalt pavements in Maine. The objectives of this paper were to determine layer moduli, compare moduli from foamed asphalt and plant mixed recycled asphalt pavement layers, develop predictive equation, determine prevalent distress mechanisms and recommend ways to obtain longer lasting reclaimed pavements. Nondestructive tests were conducted at selected stretches of the test sections, and analysis was carried out with layered elastic analysis method, backcalculation and mechanistic-empirical pavement design software. The results indicate that these pavements show non linear behavior and the moduli can range from 1 GPa to 6 GPa, with most of them showing 1.5 GPa to 3 GPa. The moduli of the foamed asphalt and the plant mixed recycled asphalt pavement layers do not differ significantly – the choice for the specific method depends on practical considerations such as need for realignment/grade change, availability of equipment and time available for applying surface Hot Mix Asphalt, HMA layer. Thickness of subbase and reclaimed layers, and binder content can be used for estimation of moduli of a typical reclaimed layer. Thermal cracking seems to be the most prevalent distress in these pavements, which can be prevented by adopting either suitable performance grade asphalt or by increasing the thickness of the HMA layer. The use of asphalt binder with low temperature grade of -34, instead of the currently used -28, is suggested for preventing premature thermal cracking in these reclaimed pavements.
Long Wavelength Infrared InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photodetectors With InSb-Like and Mixed Interfaces (2011)

We report on long wavelength infrared photodetectors using InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) with InSb-like and mixed interfaces (IFs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the SLs with mixed IFs have a narrower linewidth. The full-width at half-maximum of the XRD satellite peak is 24 arcsec for the sample with InSb-like IFs and is only 17 arcsec for the sample with mixed IFs. However, in terms of infrared photodetection, InSb-like IFs are superior to the mixed ones. Stronger photoluminescence and photoresponse signals are observed for the sample with InSb-like IFs.
Transplantation of the decellularized tracheal allograft in animal model (rabbit) (2017)

Complete regeneration of epithelium and cartilage tracheal rings occurred after the implantation of decellularized tracheal allografts without immunosuppression. We demonstrate that the decellularized process reduces the allogeneic response to the trachea. Therefore, we believe that the decellularized tracheal allograft is an excellent choice for tracheal replacement. To our knowledge, this is the first study to observe the long-term (1 year) prognosis of this transplanted trachea.
Electronic structure of a grain-boundary model inSrTiO3 (1999)

It is known that grain boundaries (GB's) in strontium titanate $({\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3})$ play an important and often a controlling role in determining the material's electrical properties. To understand how their electronic structures are related to the GB structures, we have examined two structure models of the \ensuremath{\Sigma}5 GB in ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ obtained by first-principles pseudopotential total energy calculations. The electronic structure of bulk crystal and the relaxed GB models are then studied by using the orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. Results are presented for the ground-state structural properties and band structure of bulk ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3},$ the total density of states (DOS), the atom and orbital-resolved partial DOS, effective charges, bond order, charge-density distribution, and near-edge structure of electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It is shown that the GB structures have smaller values of fundamental band gaps, effective charges, and bond orders relative to bulk ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}.$ There are no GB-induced electronic states within or at the edge of the fundamental band gap. The 100-atom GB model with buckled Sr columns in the GB core is found to be a more likely model. It is also shown that the electron charge distribution across the GB line in ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ is almost balanced.
Amorphous and Crystalline Titanium and Iron-Titanium Oxides in Synthetic Preparations, at Near Ambient Conditions, and in Soil Clays (1978)

Abstract A series of mixed iron and titanium oxide coprecipitates ranging in composition between 0 &lt; Ti/Ti + Fe &lt; 1 was synthesized and aged under varying conditions of pH, temperature and time in order to establish a working model for pedogenic titanium and titano-ferric oxides. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), selective chemical dissolution, magnetic susceptibility, charge distribution and electron optical data indicate that the freshly prepared Fe-Ti oxides consist of an Fe-rich (Ti-ferrihydrite) phase (Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.70) having pH-dependent positive charge and a Ti-rich phase (Ti/Ti + Fe ⩾ 0.7) with permanent and pH dependent negative charge. Synthetic Ti-ferrihydrite and amorphous TiO 2 were completely soluble in acid ammonium oxalate (2 hr extraction in the dark) whereas poorly crystalline anatase (width at half height, WHH &gt; 2.0°2 θ ) was partly oxalate soluble. NH 4 -oxalate soluble Ti was particularly high in soils developed under a cool montane climate (afro-alpine) and lower in soils of warmer subtropical climate, which contain anatase and rutile. Several mixed Fe-Ti crystalline phases were identified after aging NH 3 coprecipitates of Fe and Ti nitrate at 70°C and pH 5.5 for 70 days: (1) goethite and hematite in the composition range 0 &lt; Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.20; at low Ti concentrations (&lt;5 mole %) goethite was favored and/or hematite inhibited (2) microcrystalline pseudorutile in the composition range 0.20 ⩽ Ti/Ti + Fe ⩽ 0.70 (3) anatase and ferriferous anatase in the range 0.70 ⩽ Ti/Ti + Fe &lt; 1.0; with decreasing proportion of Ti the crystal-Unity of anatase decreased. The results suggest that secondary or pedogenic Ti-Fe oxides can form by coprecipitation and crystallization in the weathering solution, and emphasize the essential role of water (as opposed to dry oxidation) in the alteration of primary titaniferous minerals.
Enhancement of Secondary Ion Intensities from Polymers in the TOF-SIMS Analysis using Gold Cluster Ions (2006)

Enhancement of the secondary ion intensity in the TOF-SIMS spectra obtained by Au+ and Au3+ bombardment was investigated in comparison with Ga+ excitation using polymer samples with different molecular weight distributions. Since the polymer samples used in this experiment have wide molecular weight distributions, the advantages of a gold cluster primary ion source over a monoatomic ion source could systematically be evaluated. It was found that a Au primary ion source for a TOF-SIMS instrument has advantages in such terms as (1) the mass effect of the monoatomic primary ion, i.e., Au+ vs. Ga+, (2) the cluster primary ion effect of Au3+ compared with Au+ and Ga+, and (3)decrease in the degree of fragmentation by usage of a cluster primary ion beam compared with a monoatomic ion beam.
The molecular basis of regulation of bacterial capsule assembly by Wzc (2021)

Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) play critical roles in virulence. Many bacteria assemble EPSs via a multi-protein "Wzx-Wzy" system, involving glycan polymerization at the outer face of the cytoplasmic/inner membrane. Gram-negative species couple polymerization with translocation across the periplasm and outer membrane and the master regulator of the system is the tyrosine autokinase, Wzc. This near atomic cryo-EM structure of dephosphorylated Wzc from E. coli shows an octameric assembly with a large central cavity formed by transmembrane helices. The tyrosine autokinase domain forms the cytoplasm region, while the periplasmic region contains small folded motifs and helical bundles. The helical bundles are essential for function, most likely through interaction with the outer membrane translocon, Wza. Autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-rich C-terminus of Wzc results in disassembly of the octamer into multiply phosphorylated monomers. We propose that the cycling between phosphorylated monomer and dephosphorylated octamer regulates glycan polymerization and translocation.
Homogeneous cellulose thin films by regeneration of cellulose xanthate: properties and characterization (2017)

The preparation and characterization of cellulose thin films derived from cellulose xanthate is reported. The films are prepared by depositing alkaline aqueous solutions of cellulose xanthate onto silicon wafers, followed by a spin coating step. Depending on the xanthate concentration used for spin coating, films with 50 and 700 nm thickness are obtained. The cellulose xanthate is converted to cellulose by exposing the films to HCl vapors over a period of 20 min. The conversion is monitored by ATR-IR spectroscopy, which allows for tracking the rupture of C–S and C=S bonds during the regeneration process. The conversion is accompanied by a reduction of the film thickness of ca 40% due to the removal of the bulky xanthate group. The films feature a homogenous, but porous morphology as shown by atomic force microscopy. Further, the films were investigated towards their interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen by means of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Similar as other cellulose thin films BSA adsorption is low while fibrinogen adsorbs to some extent at physiological pH (7.4).
Distributed rate allocation for multi-stream video transmission over ad hoc networks (2005)

When multiple video streams are present in an ad hoc network, they share and compete for the common network resources. A rate allocation algorithm must balance the available resources among the video streams in a fair and efficient manner. In addition, it is desirable to have a distributed solution so that nodes do not need to collect global information of the network and that the computational burden can be shared. We propose a distributed rate allocation algorithm which minimizes the total distortion of all video streams. Based on the subgradient method, the proposed scheme only requires link price updates at each relay node based on local observations and rate adaptations at each source node derived from rate-distortion (RD) models of the video. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the same optimal rate allocation as that obtained from exhaustive search.
The Role of Hyaluronan–Receptor Interactions in Wound Repair (2000)

Accumulating evidence suggests that interaction and signaling between the cell and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to homeostasis following injury. Responses to injury appear to universally involve remodeling of ECM molecules. For example, arterial stretch injury stimulates expression of fibrillar proteins, type I collagen, and elastin, as well as proteoglycans, such as syndecan, versican, perlecan, and the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) (1). The restoration of tissue structure and function following injury invariably involves a balance between repair that is suitable for continued normal function and repair in which the fibrosis or the deposition of scar modifies tissue architecture sufficiently to compromise normal function. From a clinical point of view, the biological process of fibrosis is, therefore, a double-edged sword. The ability to modify this balance in repair in favor of more normal function and architecture would represent an important advance in tissue engineering and restoration of tissue integrity.
Three‐dimensional knee joint movements during a step‐up: Evaluation after anterior cruciate ligament rupture (1994)

The three-dimensional motions of the knee were analysed during closed kinetic chain knee extension in 13 patients with unilateral chronic injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. The patients ascended a platform, and serial stereophotogrammetric roentgenograms were exposed from about 100 degrees of flexion to full extension. From a position of about 100 degrees of knee flexion and 20 degrees of internal rotation, the tibia rotated externally during the extension. Almost no tibial adduction or abduction was observed. The tibial intercondylar eminence translated laterally, distally, and anteriorly relative to the femur. In knees with absence of the anterior cruciate ligament, the intercondylar eminence had a more posterior position compared with the contralateral normal knees. The proximal tibia was used as a fixed reference segment to evaluate the anteroposterior translations of a central point in the femoral condyles. The femoral point was more anteriorly displaced in the injured than in the contralateral knees. This difference might reflect increased activity of the hamstrings in the injured knees, because it was most pronounced at 80 degrees of flexion and decreased with increasing extension. In the sagittal plane, the mean helical axis was positioned close to the femoral insertion of the ligament at 80 degrees of flexion and was displaced distally and anteriorly during extension. In the frontal plane, the axis had a transverse direction at 80 degrees of flexion. At close to full extension, the axis was positioned distally in the lateral condyle and proximally in the medial condyle. In the horizontal plane, the helical axes ran slightly more anteriorly in the medial than in the lateral femoral condyle but changed inclination at close to full extension and became almost parallel to the transverse axis.
Recovery of Sulfur Dioxide from Waste Gases (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecovery of Sulfur Dioxide from Waste GasesH. F. JohnstoneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1937, 29, 12, 1396–1398Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50336a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50336a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cell-derived anaphylatoxins as key mediators of antibody-dependent type II autoimmunity in mice (2006)

Complement C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin, is a candidate target molecule for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, RA, and the antiphospholipid syndrome. In contrast, up until now, no specific contribution of C5a and its receptor, C5aR, was recognized in diseases of antibody-dependent type II autoimmunity. Here we identify C5a as a novel key mediator of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and show that mice lacking C5aR are partially resistant to this IgG autoantibody-induced disease model. Upon administration of anti-erythrocyte antibodies, upregulation of activating Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) on Kupffer cells, as observed in WT mice, was absent in C5aR-deficient mice, and FcgammaR-mediated in vivo erythrophagocytosis was impaired. Surprisingly, in mice deficient in FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII, anti-erythrocyte antibody-induced C5 and C5a production was abolished, demonstrating the existence of a previously unidentified FcgammaR-mediated C5a-generating pathway. These results show that the development of a full-blown antibody-dependent autoimmune disease requires C5a--produced by and acting on FcgammaR--and may suggest therapeutic benefits of C5 and/or C5a/C5aR blockade in AIHA and other diseases closely related to type II autoimmune injury.