gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending Chemoselective Ligation to Sugar Chemistry: Convergent Assembly of Bioactive Neoglycoconjugates (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal stimulation of the surface termination of LaAlO3{100} (1998)

The surface termination, structure, and morphology of the LaAlO3{100} surface has been studied as a function of temperature by means of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the surface is terminated in a Al–O layer from room temperature up to ∼150 °C and a La–O layer at temperatures above ∼250 °C. The surfaces are terminated exclusively in either Al–O or La–O layers, with mixed terminations observed only in the intermediate region of 150–250 °C. These surfaces exhibit ordered (1×1) LEED patterns and stepped AFM images with step heights of 3.9±0.5 Å and terrace widths of ∼1000 Å. A mechanism is proposed for this low-temperature surface stoichiometry change which is linked to the observation of the creation of surface oxygen deficiencies upon heating. The oxygen deficient Al–O terminating layer transforms to a La–O terminating layer, creating a near-surface vacancy in the twelve coordinate site of the perovskite structure.
Aesthetic outcomes of non‐functional immediately restored single post‐extraction implants with and without connective tissue graft: A multicentre randomized controlled trial (2021)

Within the limitations of the present clinical trial, the results suggested that the adjunct use of CTG is not mandatory to achieve successful aesthetic outcomes for a well-planned immediate implant placement with immediate non-functional provisional restoration in a fresh extraction socket.
Insertable inductively coupled volumetric coils for MR microscopy in a human 7T MR system (2021)

Inductively coupled small diameter coils insertable to the knee coil demonstrated high SNR and modest PI capability. The concept was successfully used to visualize fine structures of the brain specimen. The insertable coils are easy to handle and enable MR microscopy in a human whole-body 7T MRI system.
Low Platelet-Poor Plasma Levels of Serotonin in Adult Autistic Patients (2004)

PPP 5-HT ('free') levels appear to be low in autistic patients and may play a role in the pathophysiology and symptomatology of the disorder.
Named Entity Recognition in Long Documents: An End-to-end Case Study in the Legal Domain (2022)

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task for several important applications such as knowledge base construction and semantic search. So far, the focus has been on building machine learning models, which identify generic named entities (e.g., person, date). Such models can be used off-the-shelf without requiring ground truth labels for training. However, such models cannot generalize to specialized domains that have domain-specific named entities (e.g., the legal domain). In these cases, it is inevitable to generate ground truth data and experiment with a variety of models in order to achieve good performance. Motivated by a real use case from the financial sector, we discuss the approach and lessons learned when solving the NER problem in the legal domain. This task is particularly challenging because it requires extensive human expertise to produce high quality ground-truth labels. For solving the legal domain NER problem, we first crawl a large dataset of legal documents and then introduce a semi-automated process to generate high-quality labels for a set of eleven predefined named entities. We validate that the proposed approach achieves high quality labels that outperform popular out-of-the-box NER methods. On top of that, our method once followed, can generate ground truth labels for the pre-defined named entities for an unbounded number of documents. Next, we experiment with a set of models and training procedures and report their performance on the NER task. Our experimental evaluation confirms that most of the models can generalize very well, achieving F1-score between 86% and 98.9%. The dataset, the labels produced by human annotators and our semi-supervised approach, as well as our code are made available to the research community.
Synthesis of boron carbide via poly(vinylpentaborane) precursors (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of boron carbide via poly(vinylpentaborane) precursorsMario G. L. Mirabelli and Larry G. SneddonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3305–3307Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00218a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Money and the Law: Why Comply with the Public International Law of Money? (2000)

Why do sovereign governments make international legal commitments, and what impact does international law have on state behavior? Very little empirical research exists that tries to answer these questions in a systematic way. The research in this Article examines patterns of commitment to and compliance with international monetary law. Countries commit themselves legally to liberal monetary policies not only to signal an intention to comply, but also because other governments so commit (an example of policy convergence). They comply largely to preserve their reputation for providing a stable framework for the protection of property rights, but once again, are greatly influenced by the compliance record of neighboring governments. Legal commitment has a tremendous positive impact on governments that have recently removed restrictive policies, indicative of a desire to reestablish a reputation for compliance. Competitive market forces, rather than overt policy pressure from the International Monetary Fund, are the most likely "enforcement" mechanism.
Kir6.2‐dependent high‐affinity repaglinide binding to β‐cell KATP channels (2005)

1. The beta-cell K(ATP) channel is composed of two types of subunit - the inward rectifier K(+) channel (Kir6.2) which forms the channel pore, and the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1), which serves as a regulatory subunit. The N-terminus of Kir6.2 is involved in transduction of sulphonylurea binding into channel closure, and deletion of the N-terminus (Kir6.2DeltaN14) results in functional uncoupling of the two subunits. In this study, we investigate the interaction of the hypoglycaemic agents repaglinide and glibenclamide with SUR1 and the effect of Kir6.2 on this interaction. We further explore how the binding properties of repaglinide and glibenclamide are affected by functional uncoupling of SUR1 and Kir6.2 in Kir6.2DeltaN14/SUR1 channels. All binding experiments are performed on membranes in ATP-free buffer at 37 degrees C. 2. Repaglinide was found to bind with low affinity (K(D)=59+/-16 nM) to SUR1 alone, but with high affinity (increased approximately 150-fold) when SUR1 was co-expressed with Kir6.2 (K(D)=0.42+/-0.03 nM). Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide all bound with marginally lower affinity to SUR1 than to Kir6.2/SUR1. 3. Repaglinide bound with low affinity (K(D)=51+/-23 nM) to SUR1 co-expressed with Kir6.2DeltaN14. In contrast, the affinity for glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide was only mildly changed as compared to wild-type channels. 4. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments inhibition of Kir6.2DeltaN14/SUR1 currents by both repaglinide and nateglinde is abolished. 5. The results suggest that Kir6.2 causes a conformational change in SUR1 required for high-affinity repaglinide binding, or that the high-affinity repaglinide-binding site includes contributions from both SUR1 and Kir6.2. Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and nateglinide binding appear to involve only SUR1.
Cryoimmunologic Antitumor Effects Enhanced by Dendritic Cells in Osteosarcoma (2010)

We suggest immunotherapy could be developed further to improve the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Kinematic Analysis of Selected Reach Directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test Compared With the Y-Balance Test (2014)

Based on these observed results, the authors conclude that test performance on the SEBT and YBT differ in terms of dynamic neuro-muscular demands, as evidenced by differences in reach distances achieved in the ANT reach direction and associated test kinematic profile.
A Quantitative Correlation between the Mobility and Crystallinity of Photo-Cross-Linkable P3HT (2012)

The performance of polymer field effect transistors (FETs) can vary by orders of magnitude by applying different processing conditions. Although it is generally believed that a higher degree of crystallinity results in a higher mobility, the correlation is not straightforward. In addition, the effect of cross-linking on polymer thin film microstructural order is relatively unknown. This study investigates the effect of thermal annealing and UV-initiated photo-cross-linking on the FET performance and microstructural order of a photo-cross-linkable P3HT derivative. Our results demonstrate that while cross-linking did not disrupt the overall crystallinity of the polymer thin film, the photo-cross-linking process likely induced doping in the semiconductor layer, leading to the absence of saturation behavior in the FET. Annealing after cross-linking slightly improved the FET performance but only minimally affected the microstructural order of the polymer film since the 3D morphology had been “locked in” during the first cross-linking step. Importantly, annealing and cross-linking simultaneously was a successful method to preserve polymer crystallinity while also achieving effective cross-linking. Using newly developed quantitative X-ray analysis techniques, our study established a quantitative correlation between FET charge mobility and thin film crystallinity.
Characteristics of p-i junction amorphous silicon stripe-type photodiode array and its application to contact image sensor (1990)

Various sandwich structures of photodiode arrays using hydrogenated amorphous silicon films fabricated under similar process conditions were compared. As a result of this comparison, the p-i junction amorphous silicon stripe-type photodiode array was studied. This photodiode array has the same excellent sensor performance characteristics for contact image sensors as the p-i-n junction type, and it has a similar process. A contact image sensor using this photodiode array with eight elements/mm resolution and A4 size is discussed. This compact, high performance sensors was applied to GIII facsimiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Counter Narratives: Examining the Mathematics and Racial Identities of Black Boys who are Successful with School Mathematics (2011)

This study investigated the mathematics and racial identities of Black 5th through 7th grade boys who attend school in a southern rural school division. The data pool consisted of focus group interviews, mathematics autobiographies, review of academic records, and observations. Four factors positively contributed to mathematics identity: (a) the development of computational fluency by third grade, (b) extrinsic recognitions, (c) relational connections, and (d) engagement with the unique qualities of mathematics. For these boys, racial identity in school is connected to perceptions of others’ school engagement; this sense of “otherness” lead to a redefinition of their own mathematics and racial identities.
GNSS Interference Monitoring from Low Earth Orbit (2020)

Observation of terrestrial GNSS interference (jamming and spoofing) from low-earth orbit (LEO) is a uniquely effective technique for characterizing the scope, strength, and structure of interference and for estimating transmitter locations. Such details are useful for situational awareness, interference deterrence, and for developing interference-hardened GNSS receivers. This paper explores the performance of LEO interference monitoring and presents the results of a three-year study of global interference, with emphasis on a particularly powerful interference source active in Syria since 2017.
Towards Innovative Design and Application of Recombinant Eimeria as a Vaccine Vector (2020)

Efficient delivery of antigenic cargo to trigger protective immune responses is critical to the success of vaccination. Genetically engineered microorganisms, including virus, bacteria, and protozoa, can be modified to carry and deliver heterologous antigens to the host immune system. The biological vectors can induce a broad range of immune responses and enhance heterologous antigen-specific immunological outcomes. The protozoan genus <i>Eimeria</i> is widespread in domestic animals, causing serious coccidiosis. <i>Eimeria</i> parasites with strong immunogenicity are potent coccidiosis vaccine candidates and offer a valuable model of live vaccines against infectious diseases in animals. <i>Eimeria</i> parasites can also function as a vaccine vector. Herein, we review recent advances in design and application of recombinant <i>Eimeria</i> as a vaccine vector, which has been a topic of ongoing research in our laboratory. By recapitulating the establishment of an <i>Eimeria</i> transfection platform and its application, it will help lay the foundation for the future development of effective parasite-based vaccine delivery vectors and beyond.
Radio-over-fibre technologies arising from the Building the future Optical Network in Europe (BONE) project (2010)

This study describes a wide range of salient radio-over-fibre system issues. Impulse radio and multi-band ultra-wideband signal distribution over both single-mode fibre and multi-mode fibre (MMF) implementations are considered. Carrier frequencies ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, up to 60 GHz, are featured, and the use of microring laser transmitters is discussed. A cost–performance comparative analysis of competing distributed antenna system topologies is presented, and a theoretical approach to understanding the factors underlying radio-over-MMF performance for within-building applications is discussed. Finally, techniques to minimise thermal impacts on performance are described and novel energy-efficient schemes are introduced. Overall, this study provides a snap-shot of research being undertaken by European institutes involved in the Building the future Optical Network in Europe (BONE) project.
Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia.XXV. Significance of the Ph1 (including unusual translocations) in various acute leukemias (1977)

The following rare Ph1-positive chromosome constitutions, based on the cytogenetic findings in three cases with acute leukemia, are presented. 1) A hypodiploid karyotype, primarily 43, -X, -7, -8,9p+ and a Ph1, in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse, followed by a complete remission and a normal chromosomal picture and then by the appearance of cells with a 46,XX,Ph1 karyotype. The Ph1 was due to a standard translocation between chromosomes no. 9 and no. 22. 2) The first demonstration of an unusual Ph1-translocation between chromosomes no. 19 and no. 22 in a condition other than chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), i.e., acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). 3) The presence of a Ph1 in acute erythroleukemia (EL) due to a translocation between chromosomes no. 4 and no. 22, this apparently being the first description of such a translocation in any disease. The cytogenetic findings, particularly those in the Ph1-positive case of ALL, were evaluated in relation to the cytologic and immunologic features, clinical courses and implications, and the interrelationship between the three conditions (AML, blastic phase of CML and ALL), which have to be considered in cases of Ph1-positive acute leukemia.
SPMD image processing on Beowulf clusters: directives and libraries (2004)

Most image processing algorithms can be parallelized by splitting parallel loops and by using very few communication patterns. Code parallelization using MPI still involves much programming overhead. In order to reduce these overheads, we first developed a small SPMD library (SPMDlib) on top of MPI. The programmer can use the library routines themselves, because they are easy to learn and to apply, even without knowing MPI. However, in order to increase user friendliness, we also develop a small set of parallelization and communication directives/pragmas (SPMDdir), together with a parser that converts these into library calls. SPMDdir is used to develop a new version of SPMDlib. This new version contains much less but generic routines that can be optimized for different network topologies. Extensions for Fortran 90/95 and C are discussed, as well as communication optimizations.
The plasma physics for an early stage of a MagLIF implosion (2013)

Summary form only given. The plasma conditions at an early stage of the implosion process in the future MagLIF experiment <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> are of a peculiar nature: very high plasma beta, modest electron magnetization, weak ion magnetization, large axial and radial heat fluxes, and possible formation of dense, radiating plasma layer near the liner. A systematic ordering of these processes will be presented and the following effects will be evaluated analytically: development of a collisional drift instability and possible appearance of enhanced transport in a high-beta plasma (based on Ref. 2); plasma shear-flow and its interaction with drift instabilities; perturbations to the axial magnetic field and conditions for the onset of the stochastic cross-field electron heat transport; penetration of the impurity ions to the plasma core. The conditions where these processes do not lead to significant degradation of plasma confinement will be identified. Possible parameters of smaller-scale experiments satisfying similarity conditions <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> needed for the extrapolation to the full-scale experiment will be presented.
Robust induction of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant after homologous Spikevax or heterologous Vaxzevria‐Spikevax vaccination (2021)

Sera of vaccines were assessed by surrogate virus neutralization tests for their capacity to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Homologous prime-boost immunization with Moderna's Spikevax as well as heterologous immunization with AstraZeneca's Vaxzevria followed by Moderna's Spikevax were identified as highly potent vaccination regimens for the induction of Delta-neutralizing antibodies.
Microoptical Two-Dimensional Devices for the Optical Memory Head of an Ultrahigh Data Transfer Rate and Density Sytem Using a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) Array (2002)

The parallel optical memory system has important advantages for realizing both a fast data transfer rate and high memory capacity since it is based on multibeam recording and a smaller spot size using the vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and a nanoprobe array. The concept, theoretical analysis and fabrication process for the integrated VCSEL nanoprobe array head are discussed with emphasis on the micro-optical issues such as the improvement of optical efficiency by microlens focusing. The flat-tip nanoprobe structure was successfully prepared with the small metal aperture of 150 nm and 1.25% optical throughput using metal aperture Si or GaP semiconductor nano-probes. To realize better optical throughput in the integrated VCSEL, a special nanoprobe array and a microlens array were developed. The microlens array was prepared using a thermal reflow process of the photoresist and lens shape pattern transfering to the semiconductor nanoprobe bottom face by dry etching. Since this two-dimensional array system requires three-dimensional micro-optical adjustment to focus a very small spot on the recording media, this research can provide guidelines for new micro-optical components in future technology.
Rh(D) haemolytic disease of the newborn: the changing scene. (1985)

Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-D used to be a major cause of perinatal mortality in Britain. In the 1950s, before the development of exchange transfusion, amnio centesis, intrauterine transfusion, and early induction of labour, mortality from stillbirths and neonatal deaths was about 1*5 per 1000 births, equivalent to well over 1000 deaths a year. After the introduction of the above technical improve? ments there was a gradual reduction in mortality such that by 1969, 708 deaths due to Rh(D) haemolytic disease of the newborn were recorded in Britain (13 per million population a year).12 This achievement was not dramatic and repre? sented a considerable workload for obstetricians and paedia? tricians. The breakthrough which accelerated the improvement in fetal mortality came in the 1970s with the introduction of anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis, and by 1979 mortality had been reduced to 105 stillbirths and postnatal deaths. The latest statistics (1983) have been analysed in detail at p 17 by
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus reinfections and decreased milk yield in dairy cattle (1995)

The influence of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) reinfections on the daily milk yield was studied by evaluating the milk production of 32 BRSV reinfected cows. For the estimation of milk production losses, four lactation curve models were used, including a gamma function, a second degree polynomial, and both of these models with a lag variable. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus reinfections seemed to have only a small effect on the daily milk production. Comparison of the true production with an estimated production according to the gamma function showed that the production for first lactation cows dropped 0.14 kg on average and for cows in their second or later lactation 0.56 kg on average, during 5 consecutive days in the infection period. For the second-degree polynomial model these values were respectively 0.42 kg and 0.80 kg. All calculated average production losses were relatively small and not significant (P > 0.15). The models without lag variable were more suitable than the models with the lag variable to estimate small production losses caused by BRSV reinfections. The power of this study was sufficient to detect a decrease in production of approximately 1-1.5 kg milk per cow per day. It was therefore concluded that BRSV reinfections were not associated with an important loss of milk production.
OVID: prévention primaire des thromboses chez les patients ambulatoires atteints de SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

L’étude clinique suisse OVID porte sur l’efficacité et la sécurité de l’énoxaparine chez les patients ambulatoires atteints d’une infection par le SARS-CoV-2. Informations sur le protocole de l’étude et le recrutement des patients.