gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-short channel field effect transistors based on Ge/Si core/shell nanowires (2013)

In recent years, transistor technology has scaled down to sub-20 nm channel length with many performance-boosting techniques at the material and device levels in order to meet the increasing demand for higher performance electronics. The nanowire (NW) device architecture has proven itself as a viable candidate for the sub-20 nm generation transistors. Compared to Si NWs, the Ge/Si core/shell NW alternative can supply larger on-current due to the increased confined hole mobility and ohmic behavior at the Ni-alloyed drain/source contacts. It is thus important to understand transport mechanisms in this core/shell structure, and develop pathway to realize ultra-short channel core/shell NW field effect transistors (FETs). In this paper, we report the growth of Ge/Si concentric NWs with precise control of Si shell thickness. Performance of FETs fabricated from core/shell NWs exhibited a clear dependence on NWs’ diameters, with steeper sub-threshold slopes for smaller NWs. An 18 nm diameter Ge/Si heterostructure FET exhibited sub-threshold swing of 102 mV/decade, with a maximum transconductance of 3.4 &mu;S at VDS =-100 mV. Finally, transmission electron microscopy was utilized to monitor and control the solid state reaction between Ni contacts and Ge/Si NWs, resulting in ultrascaled channel lengths, as short as 5 nm.
An Expedient Synthesis of Monodispersed Oligo(ethylene glycols) (2004)

A convenient approach to the synthesis of oligo(ethylene glycols) under phase transfer conditions is described. Oligo(ethylene glycols) (x = 7-12) are obtained in excellent yields and high purity via modular, bi-directional elongation of readily available ethylene glycol bis-tosylates.
JGram: rapid development of multi-agent pipelines for real-world tasks (2003)

Many real-world tasks can be decomposed into pipelines of sequential operations (where subtasks may themselves be composed of one or more pipelines). JGram is a framework enabling rapid development of such multi-agent systems. Each agent's services are specified in the JGram Description Language (JDL), and automatically converted into Java source templates. These services may be invoked synchronously (analogous to function call) or asynchronously (analogous to message passing), in a manner that is transparent to the service's implementation. Complex tasks are created by composing several agent services into hierarchical JGram pipelines in which each agent may dynamically delegate its subtasks to other agents in a recursive manner and in which errors are handled by a cross-agent, exception mechanism. Although JGram agents communicate using Java's remote method invocation (RMI) protocol, the framework provides significant enhancements such as authentication, encrypted channels, and dynamic service specification. JGram has been used to develop several real-world agent systems. This paper discusses ARGUS, a visitor identification system that integrates a security camera with face detection, face recognition and user notification systems to automatically identify regular visitors arriving at the front door of our building.
Protein−Protein Interaction Detection in Vitro and in Cells by Proximity Biotinylation (2008)

We report a new method for detection of protein-protein interactions in vitro and in cells. One protein partner is fused to Escherichia coli biotin ligase (BirA), while the other protein partner is fused to BirA's "acceptor peptide" (AP) substrate. If the two proteins interact, BirA will catalyze site-specific biotinylation of AP, which can be detected by streptavidin staining. To minimize nonspecific signals, we engineered the AP sequence to reduce its intrinsic affinity for BirA. The rapamycin-controlled interaction between FKBP and FRB proteins could be detected in vitro and in cells with a signal to background ratio as high as 28. We also extended the method to imaging of the phosphorylation-dependent interaction between Cdc25C phosphatase and 14-3-3epsilon phosphoserine/threonine binding protein. Protein-protein interaction detection by proximity biotinylation has the advantages of low background, high sensitivity, small AP tag size, and good spatial resolution in cells.
Prolonged Fever, Hepatosplenomegaly, and Pancytopenia in a 46-Year-Old Woman (2009)

A 46-year-old woman was hospitalized due to fever of up to 39uC of one week's duration. The patient complained of weakness, night sweats, and weight loss for two weeks prior to admission. The patient had no past medical history, and did not take any medications, supplements, or illicit drugs. She was born and lived all her life in a rural village. She was indirectly exposed to farm animals and pets, yet had no close contact with these, and her family was not engaged in agricultural work. She denied having been bitten by ticks or fleas. There was no history of recent foreign travel or eating raw meat or unpasteurized milk. She reported no rashes, arthralgia, dryness of eyes, mouth ulcers, or mucocutaneous bleeding.
Channel estimation under asynchronous packet interference (2004)

This paper investigates the placement of training symbols within the data packets of a wireless system in which transmissions are subject to asynchronous interference. The minimum mean square error of the training-based channel estimator is expressed as a function of the Fisher information of the received signal. It is shown that the placement that minimizes the minimum mean square error should be searched for within a set containing half as many elements as the number of training symbols in the packet. Furthermore, a lower bound on the minimum mean square error is derived and analyzed. It is shown that this bound is tight when the power of the interference is high. The placement of the training symbols in two clusters of equal or quasiequal length at the two edges of the data packet minimizes the lower bound for all values of the parameters and, thus, gives the solution of the problem for high values of the interference power. The influence of the training symbols placement on the data transmission performance is also investigated.
여성 타겟 주류 브랜드 패키지 디자인의 기호학적 연구 (2018)

여성의 경제활동 참가율 상승으로 여성 타겟의 주류 제품들이 많이 출시되었다. 본 연구는 여성 타겟 주류, 특히 과일 소주의 패키지 디자인을 롤랑바르트의 기호학적 방법론을 이용하여 마케팅 컨셉과 의미작용이 부합하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 국내 주류업체에서 생산과 소비가 가장 높은 ‘순하리-유자’와 ‘자몽에이슬’이다. 두 브랜드의 패키지 디자인이...
The consistency of laboratory jet erosion tests performed on undisturbed samples (2016)

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center performed 75 laboratory Jet Erosion Tests (JETs) on undisturbed samples collected from the riverbank along the Lower American River (LAR) near the city of Sacramento, California, to identify the erosion resistance of soil along the riverbanks and riverbed of the LAR through the erosion parameters of erodibility coefficient, Kd, and critical stress, τc. Thirty-nine of the samples were Shelby tube samples and the other forty-two were 4 in.-diameter Plexiglas tube samples. The soil type varied from weak sandy silt to stiff silt with the JET results varying from Very Erodible (VE) to Very Resistant (VR). For many of the samples, the variations in results were due to changes in the quality of the undisturbed samples; however, the variations may also be caused by the changes in the soil type from silt/sand to clay in some of the tested samples and natural variability of the soils. The method of sampling tube and the process of cutting the tube may also add to the variability in test results. To use the erosion parameters for specific soil types outside of the samples tested, the erosion parameters were related to index properties of the soil: particle diameter, percent clay content, and Plasticity Index. Erosion parameters were found to be most significant correlated to the particle diameter.
Modeling Network Coded TCP Throughput: A Simple Model and its Validation (2011)

We analyze the performance of TCP and TCP with network coding (TCP/NC) in lossy wireless networks. We build upon the simple framework introduced by Padhye et al. and characterize the throughput behavior of classical TCP as well as TCP/NC as a function of erasure rate, round-trip time, maximum window
Dynamic production of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) messenger RNA, intracellular and extracellular TNF‐α by murine macrophages and possible association with protein tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1α and ERK2 as an early signal (1996)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), an important mediator in both immune and inflammation responses, is one of the major cytokines released by activated macrophages. The present study shows that, during macrophage activation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 alpha and ERK2 occurred as an immediate early signal, whereas maximum TNF-alpha mRNA transcription appeared at 3 hr, precursor TNF-alpha formation at 3 to 4 hr, and TNF-alpha release at 5 to 6 hr after stimulation of an RPMI-1640-based induction medium containing lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml), interferon-gamma (100 U/ml), and 0.5% bovine serum albumin. Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses protein tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 alpha and ERK2 and also blocks TNF-alpha production by resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, suggesting a possible association between protein tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 alpha and ERK2 and macrophage activation resulting in TNF-alpha production.
CMOS inverters for ammonia/amine sensors (2010)

When detecting an analyte with organic electronic materials, there may be two or more materials that provide different types of responses. These materials can be integrated into an inverter or amplifier device configuration to exploit a synergistic response for increased selectivity and/or sensitivity. The detection of ammonia and amines with p-type and n-type materials is one example of this principle.
Imaging HER2-positive metastatic esophagogastric cancer with 89Zr-trastuzumab PET and 18F-FDG PET. (2021)

4068 Background: Variations in HER2 expression between primary tumor and metastases may contribute to drug resistance in HER2-positive mEG cancer. Whole body imaging with 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET has a potential advantage over single site biopsies as it can non-invasively assess variations in HER2 expression and target engagement. 89 Zr-trastuzumab PK, biodistribution and dosimetry in mEG cancer were previously published by our group (O’Donoghue, JNM 2018). We now present lesion level analysis of baseline 18 F-FDG-PET and CT in comparison with baseline 89 Zr-trastuzumab imaging. Methods: Patients with metastatic HER2-positive (IHC 3+, IHC 2+/FISH &gt; 2.0) mEG cancer and RECIST 1.1 measurable disease were consented and imaged with 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET, 18 F-FDG-PET and CT. All visualized lesions (maximum 5 per organ) were annotated in detail using RECIST 1.1 measurements (CT) and maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) on 89 Zr-trastuzumab and 18 F-FDG PET scans. Correlation of visualized disease burden between imaging modalities with clinical and pathologic characteristics was performed. Results: 33 patients with mEG adenocarcinoma were imaged with 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET, 18 F-FDG-PET and CT (12% esophageal, 64% GEJ, 24% gastric). HER2 status (IHC 3+ 70%; IHC2+/FISH+ 27%, NGS 3%) was assessed from biopsy of primary (66.7%) or metastasis (33.3%). Median time from diagnosis to 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET was 12.6 months. At the time of 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET, 39% were treatment naive, while 61% had received prior therapy including trastuzumab (58%) and afatinib (median lines 2, range 0-6). 82% of patients had the primary tumor in place and all patients had metastatic disease at the time of enrollment with metastases to lymph nodes (70%) peritoneum (24%), liver (58%), lung (33%), and/or bone (9%). Median number of RECIST 1.1 lesions measured on baseline CT was 6 (range 1-15). PET analysis is complete in 18 of 33 patients. Median number of 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET positive (SUV &gt; 3) lesions was 5.5 (range 1-11) with 5 patients having at least 1 (max 3) very intense lesion (SUV &gt; 15). Median number of 18 F-FDG-PET-positive lesions was 8 (range 1-14). Three patients had at least 1 lesion positive on 89 Zr-trastuzumab-PET and negative on 8 F-FDG-PET (range 0-5), and 8 patients had at least 1 lesion positive on 18 F-FDG-PET and negative on 89 Zr-trastuzumab-PET (range 0-7). Of the total lesions identified on 89 Zr-PET but not CT, 40% were in bone. Of those identified on 89 Zr but not 8 F-FDG-PET, 40% were in bone, and of those on 18 F-FDG- but not 89 Zr-PET, 6% were in bone. Conclusions: 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET effectively identifies heterogeneity of HER2 expression and allows assessment of lesions throughout the whole body. Bone lesions were better identified and appeared earlier on 89 Zr-trastuzumab PET compared with CT. Additional analyses including correlation of baseline HER2 heterogeneity with overall and disease-free survival will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02023996.
Temporal characterization of memory retrieval processes: an fMRI study of the ‘tip of the tongue’ phenomenon (2001)

"Tip of the tongue" (TOT) is a natural phenomenon in which people cannot retrieve a target word immediately, even though they feel confident that they know the target. This provides us an opportunity to understand the human memory system, because cognitive components of memory retrieval such as retrieval effort and successful retrieval are temporally dissociated from each other during the TOT states. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the neural correlates of the cognitive components of the retrieval process by separating cognitive phases of the TOT phenomenon using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging with multiple regression analysis. We demonstrated that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex were activated at the time of successful retrieval, and the left DLPFC also showed activation when the subjects successfully retrieved the target names as compared to when they gave up. This result suggests that the left DLPFC is specific to the successful retrieval process. During the TOT state, a number of regions were activated, and this suggests that widely distributed brain regions are engaged when people make a hard effort to retrieve a proper name in the TOT state. Our new approach employing temporal resolution of the TOT phenomenon may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the human memory system.
Minimally Invasive Laminectomy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Patients with and without Preoperative Spondylolisthesis: Clinical Outcome and Reoperation Rate (2014)

Introduction Surgical decompression is the intervention of choice for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) when nonoperative treatment has failed. Standard open laminectomy is an effective procedure. Minimally invasive laminectomy through tubular retractors is an alternative procedure. The aim of our cohort study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of this procedure in LSS patients with or without preoperative spondylolisthesis. Materials and Methods Patients with LSS without spondylolisthesis and with stable spondylolisthesis who underwent MIS tubular laminectomy between 2004 and 2011 were included. Demographic, perioperative, and radiographic data were collected. Clinical outcome was evaluated by Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, as well as by MacNab criteria. Results In a total of 110 patients, preoperative spondylolisthesis at the level of spinal stenosis was present in 52.5%. ODI and VAS pain scores at a mean follow-up of 28.8 months revealed a median improvement of 16% in ODI, 2.75 in VAS back, and 3 in VAS leg scores, compared with the preoperative baseline ( p &lt; 0.0001). The reoperation rate requiring fusion was 3.5%. Patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis had no significant differences in their clinical outcome or the reoperation rate. Conclusion MIS laminectomy is an effective procedure for treatment of LSS. Reoperation rates for instability are lower than reported after open laminectomy. Functional improvement is similar in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis. This procedure can be a viable alternative to open laminectomy. Routine fusion may not be indicated in all patients with LSS and spondylolisthesis. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Influence of Slc11a1 on the Outcome ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis Infection in Mice Is Associated with Th Polarization (2006)

Genetic analyses identified Ses1 as a significant quantitative trait locus influencing the carrier state of 129S6 mice following a sublethal challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Previous studies have determined that Slc11a1 was an excellent candidate gene for Ses1. Kinetics of infection in 129S6 mice and Slc11a1-deficient (129S6-Slc11a1(tm1Mcg)) mice demonstrated that the wild-type allele of Slc11a1 contributed to the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis carrier state as early as 7 days postinfection. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that 129S6 mice had a significant up-regulation of proinflammatory genes associated with macrophage activation at day 10 postinfection, followed by a gradual increase in immunoglobulin transcripts, whereas 129S6-Slc11a1(tm1Mcg) mice had higher levels of immunoglobulins earlier in the infection. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed an increase in Th1 cytokine (Ifng and Il12) and Th1-specific transcription factor Tbx21 expression during infection in both the 129S6 and 129S6-Slc11a1(tm1Mcg) strains. However, the expression of Gata3, a transcription factor involved in Th2 polarization, Cd28, and Il4 was markedly increased in Slc11a1-deficient mice during infection, suggesting a predominant Th2 phenotype in 129S6-Slc11a1(tm1Mcg) animals following S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection. A strong immunoglobulin G2a response, reflecting Th1 activity, was observed only in 129S6 mice. All together, these results are consistent with an impact of Slc11a1 on Th cell differentiation during chronic S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection. The presence of a Th2 bias in Slc11a1-deficient mice is associated with improved bacterial clearance.
Stochastic fusion of heterogeneous multisensor information for robust data-to-decision (2013)

In this paper, based on the measure-theoretic probability theory and the theory of stochastic differential equation (SDE), a stochastic fusion framework is proposed for the heterogeneous sensor network for the purpose of robust decision making. In this framework, for each sensor, its sample space and the corresponding σ-algebra are defined. Then, random variables, which are designed to meet the requirements of the operation in the battle field, are defined over the pairs of sample space and its σ-algebra. After that, the conditional expectation is taken for those random variables conditional on the union of σ-algebras to finish the information fusion process. Furthermore, to make the decision making process more robust, the undesired uncertainty in the fused information is hedged out based on the theory of SDEs, before the fused information is used for the decision making.
Anomaly detection of notebook computer based on Weibull decision metrics (2010)

This paper presents a approach for anomaly detection of electronic products using the Mahalanobis Distance (MD) and Weibull distribution. The MD value is used as a health index, which has the advantage of both summarizing the multivariate operating parameters and reducing the data set into a univariate distance index. The Weibull distribution is used to determine health decision metrics, which are useful in characterizing distributions of MD values. Furthermore, a case study of the proposed notebook computer anomaly detection method is carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed method is valuable.
VLSI implementation of a 256*256 crossbar interconnection network (2003)

Despite the fact that a crossbar interconnection network is desirable in parallel processing systems due to its flexibility of configuration and simplicity of control, many of the crossbars developed up to this time are small in size. The paper presents the analysis of VLSI layout size and signal delay of the previous crossbar circuits. Also a circuit with better layout size and signal delay is presented in comparison. Based on the new circuit, the feasibility of the implementation is shown for a 256*256 crossbar on a 1cm/sup 2/ CMOS VLSI chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dataset for: A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test (2020)

Dataset for A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test, Nature Communications, Daniel C. Spencer, Teagan Paton, Timothy J.J. Inglis, J. Mark Sutton and Hywel Morgan
Fields at a radiation measuring site (2003)

A study of the peculiar nature of electromagnetic fields encountered when measuring at short distances over the entire frequency range of 30 to 1000 MHz is presented to help avoid gross mistakes in the measurement, as well as in the interpretation, of results. A discussion of the mechanisms that cause the observed effects is included, along with a proposal for possible improvement of current measuring practice. A list of publications facilitating further study of the subject is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from Proline Oxidase Promotes Tumor Cell Survival in Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironments (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 80K&lt;/p&gt;
Operations for Learning with Graphical Models (1994)

This paper is a multidisciplinary review of empirical, statistical learning from a graphical model perspective. Well-known examples of graphical models include Bayesian networks, directed graphs representing a Markov chain, and undirected networks representing a Markov field. These graphical models are extended to model data analysis and empirical learning using the notation of plates. Graphical operations for simplifying and manipulating a problem are provided including decomposition, differentiation, andthe manipulation of probability models from the exponential family. Two standard algorithm schemas for learning are reviewed in a graphical framework: Gibbs sampling and the expectation maximizationalgorithm. Using these operations and schemas, some popular algorithms can be synthesized from their graphical specification. This includes versions of linear regression, techniques for feed-forward networks, and learning Gaussian and discrete Bayesian networks from data. The paper concludes by sketching some implications for data analysis and summarizing how some popular algorithms fall within the framework presented. The main original contributions here are the decompositiontechniques and the demonstration that graphical models provide a framework for understanding and developing complex learning algorithms.
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of the recrystallization of an amorphous layer in Si+-implanted silicon (1991)

The recrystallization of a buried amorphous layer in p-type (111) float zone silicon implanted at room temperature with a dose of 2×1015 cm−2 100 keV Si+ ions is studied between room temperature and 1200 °C by transmission electron microscopy. A 150-nm-thick amorphous layer is created by ion implantation below a 25-nm-thick surface layer, which remains crystalline. Below the amorphous layer small defects are observed, which form well-resolved dislocation loops after annealing at higher temperatures. At 700 °C, one nearly defect-free layer grows from the microcrystalline surface layer up to a depth of 40 nm and another nearly defect-free layer grows from the crystalline-amorphous interface up to a thickness of 25 nm. Between these two layers the sample recrystallizes by forming a 110-nm-thick layer containing a high density of microtwin lamellae. In the top layer up to a depth of 40 nm some stacking-fault tetrahedra are formed by epitaxial regrowth from the surface. After annealing at higher temperatures only the sizes of the structural defects increase.