gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Can Abrogate Chemical-Induced Liver Fibrosis and Facilitate Recovery of Liver Function (2012)

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are easy to harvest and have the ability for self-renewal and to differentiate into various cell types, including those of the hepatic lineage. Studies on the use of ADSCs for liver transplantation are, however, limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using human ADSCs and to better understand their mechanism of action for the repair of liver damage in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced model of chronic liver damage in the rat. To induce liver damage, 200 mg/kg TAA was injected intraperitoneally into Wistar rats every 3 days for 60 days. For cell therapy, 1 × 10(6) human ADSCs suspended in 300 μl of phosphate-buffered saline were transplanted into each experimental rat by direct liver injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that the transplanted ADSCs differentiated into albumin- and α-fetoprotein-secreting liver-like cells 1 week after transplantation. In addition, liver function recovered significantly, as determined by biochemical analyses that analyzed total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and albumin levels. The Metavir score, derived from histopathological analysis, also showed a significant decrease in liver fibrosis and inflammatory activity after ADSC transplantation. Finally, we found a reduction in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of hepatic stellate cells, which produce collagen fiber, and an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which degrades collagen fiber, after ADSC transplantation. These findings are consistent with abrogation of liver fibrosis in the ADSC therapy group. Consequently, these results suggest that ADSC transplantation may facilitate recovery from chronic liver damage and thus may have clinical applications.
Anisotropy of the Intrinsic Domain Magnetization of a Ferromagnet (1960)

The effect of pseudodipolar coupling on the intrinsic domain magnetization of a cubic ferromagnet at low temperatures is investigated. Besides the anisotropy in the magnetization resulting from the dependence of the thermal excitation of spin waves on magnetization direction in the crystal, the pseudodipolar coupling is capable of making an anisotropic contribution to the magnetization, even at $T=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, in the same approximation as its contribution to the first order anisotropy constant ${K}_{1}$. Both effects are calculated and found to be in opposition to one another, tending to cancel in nickel at about 7.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Origins and treatment of airway inflammation in childhood asthma (2001)

Several early events and risk factors are associated with the development of childhood asthma. Two significant risk factors are viral lower respiratory tract infections and atopy. Studies suggest that imbalances in TH1/TH2 cytokine responses in relationship to viral infections may play a role in the development of the childhood asthmatic phenotype. Airway inflammation is now recognized to contribute to the inception, persistence, and severity of asthmatic symptoms. The majority of information pertaining to airway inflammation in asthma has been derived from adult studies, but recent evaluations have been done in children. Available data are inconclusive as to the right medication to be used at the inception and during the evolution of the asthmatic phenotype in children. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are not consistently effective in young children for a variety of reasons, including underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that are unresponsive to the pharmacologic properties of ICS. The leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), recently approved for children as young as 2 years of age, address the relationship between leukotriene production and airway inflammation or remodeling in asthma. Therapeutic trials using LTRAs in children should prove beneficial.
Soliton switching in type II second-harmonic generation (1996)

Soliton propagation in transparent media was believed to be a feature of materials with cubic nonlinearity. However, solitary wave propagation in the form of mutually trapped spatial envelopes (i.e., spatial simultons) have been recently demonstrated also in quadratic media [1]. Although such trapping was originally predicted nearly two decades ago [2], it attracted a lot of theoretical and experimental efforts only recently, due to the growing activity on cascading, and the impact that solitons might have for potential applications. As far as the latter aspect is concerned, one of the key issues is the possibility of all-optical switching and routing of optical signals. Before the advent of solitons, several schemes employing quadratic materials have already been proposed, and some of them have also been succesfully demonstrated [3-4]. However, the major drawback, common to all the proposed devices is the fact that their operation was proposed and/or investigated within the cw regime. As a consequence, in the pulsed regime, the performances of these devices are essentially limited by the fact that the pulses could not be switched as units or particles, as it would be desirable in a pure digital processing scheme. Viceversa, we show in this communication, that solitary waves of quadratic media have the capability to perform nearly ideal digital operation. In particular we focus our attention on type II SHG in the 1+1 dimensional case, which applies to either temporal solitons, or spatial solitons in waveguides [1]. We investigated the most appealing case for which the second-harmonic (SH) is not launched at the input. Switching is implemented at fundamental frequency (FF) by acting over the two FF input components only. Two different regimes are considered (see Fig. 1): a) for nearly symmetric excitation of the FF soliton components, the output polarization state is uniform and very sensitive to small input imbalances, (i.e., to the input polarization angle), b) the polarization rotation of an intense soliton component may be controlled in a phase-insensitive way by a weaker control pulse. In both cases, the nonlinear crystal in conjunction with a polarization analyzer behaves as a switch. Note that similar results are valid also for the nondegenerate three-wave which is governed by formally equivalent However in this case, the soliton input is constituted by two envelopes at different frequency. Therefore, since switching relies on the nonlinear phase-shifts experienced by the components, soliton switching requires the nonlinear crystal to be placed in an interferometric device.
Cyclophilin and Trigger Factor from Bacillus subtilis Catalyze in Vitro Protein Folding and Are Necessary for Viability under Starvation Conditions (1998)

Cyclophilin (the product of the ppiB gene) and the trigger factor (the product of the tig gene) are the only cytosolic peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that are known in Bacillus subtilis. Both enzymes catalyze the in vitro refolding of ribonuclease T1, a reaction that is limited in rate by a prolyl cis/trans isomerization. The efficiency of cyclophilin as a folding catalyst is only modest with a kcat/KM value of 3.8 x 10(4) M-1 s-1, but the trigger factor shows an almost 40-fold higher specific activity with a kcat/KM value of 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. This high catalytic activity originates from the tight binding to the protein substrate as reflected in both the low KM value of 0.5 microM and in the strong inhibition of the trigger factor by unfolded proteins. By use of a protein-folding assay, the concentrations of cyclophilin and the trigger factor in the cytosol of B. subtilis could be determined as 26 and 35 microM, respectively. Together they account for the entire folding activity that is detectable in crude extracts of wild-type B. subtilis cells. The genes encoding cyclophilin and the trigger factor in the B. subtilis chromosome were disrupted individually and simultaneously. Even in combination, these disruptions had no effect on cell viability in rich medium or under several stress conditions, such as heat, osmotic, or oxidative stress. However, in poor medium and, in particular, in the absence of amino acids, the growth of the double mutant strain was strongly decelerated, indicating that the prolyl isomerases become essential for growth under starvation conditions. It is not yet known whether this function relates to the catalysis of the proline-limited folding of essential proteins.
Fast isolation of RNA to detect expression of tumor markers (1997)

The expression status of several tumor-related proteins is of great interest in clinical examination and research. As a completion to conventional antibody staining, RT-PCR is often used today. Reliable isolation of RNA from a low number of cells is very often a critical stage of such an examination. We demonstrate here a simple and fast method to isolate RNA from only 10,000 cells and applied it to the detection of CEA, c-ERB-B2, and mdr-1 as often studied models for tumor markers. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:340–342, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG): past, present and beyond (2006)

The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendroglial membranes of myelin sheaths where it functions in glia-axon interactions. It contains five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and is in the sialic acid-binding subgroup of the Ig superfamily. It appears to function both as a ligand for an axonal receptor that is needed for the maintenance of myelinated axons and as a receptor for an axonal signal that promotes the differentiation, maintenance and survival of oligodendrocytes. Its function in the maintenance of myelinated axons may be related to its role as one of the white matter inhibitors of neurite outgrowth acting through a receptor complex involving the Nogo receptor and/or gangliosides containing 2,3-linked sialic acid. MAG is expressed as two developmentally regulated isoforms with different cytoplasmic domains that may activate different signal transduction pathways in myelin-forming cells. MAG contains a carbohydrate epitope shared with other glycoconjugates that is a target antigen in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy and has been implicated in a dying back oligodendrogliopathy in multiple sclerosis.
Branched and Network Polysilanes as Cleavable Macrophotoinitiators (2011)

Abstract The branched polysilane [(PhMeSi) 0.8 ‐ co ‐(Et 3 Si(CH 2 ) 2 Si) 0.2 ] n ( PS‐1 ) as well as the network polysilane [Et 3 Si(CH 2 ) 3 Si] n ( PS‐2 ) have been investigated as new polymerization photoinitiating structures. The behavior of PS‐1 was compared with that of [(PhMeSi)] n to demonstrate the enhancement of the photoinitiation for the branched system. As a result of the Si–Si bond cleavage under light and the formation of reactive silyl radicals or silyl cations, these compounds act as efficient photoinitiators (PIs) for free radical photopolymerization (FRP) and free radical promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP). The polymerization initiating ability of PS‐1 is higher than that of PS‐2 under air. The initiating ability for the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides is excellent for PS‐1 . These polymeric PIs overcome the classical oxygen inhibition in FRP or FRPCP.
Performance evaluation of “ship-in-the-bottle” type heteropoly acid encaged Y-type zeolite as catalyst for oxidative desulfurization (2011)

Clean fuel and clean production technologies, including desulfurization, have become a subject of concern in environmental catalysis studies. One of the most promising desulfurization processes is oxidative desulfurization combined with extraction. Keggin-type heteropoly acids encaged Y-type zeolite were studied as promising catalytic agents for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene with hydrogen peroxide in a normal octane/acetonitrile biphasic system. The key factors affecting the reaction, including the catalyst amount, O/S molar ratio and contact time between oxidant and catalyst, were investigated. The conditions favourable to the reaction were also determined. Moreover, the reused encaged type catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in recovery experiments and can be effectively applied to diesel oil.
Clopidogrel inhibits platelet-leukocyte adhesion and plateletdependent leukocyte activation (2005)

Clopidogrel is considered to be an important therapeutic advance in anti-platelet therapy. We investigated whether inhibition by clopidogrel results in a reduced capacity of platelets to adhere and stimulate pro-atherothrombotic and inflammatory functions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in monocytes (MN). An eventual effect on these processes could further substantiate anti-atherothrombotic properties of this drug. The effects of clopidogrel or of its active metabolite were investigated on ADP or thrombin receptor-induced platelet activation and on platelet-leukocyte interactions ex vivo in the mouse or in vitro in isolated human cells or whole blood, respectively. Clopidogrel inhibited platelet aggregation, expression of P-selectin, platelet-PMN adhesion and platelet-dependent ROS production in mouse PMN. Similarly pretreatment of human platelets with the active metabolite of clopidogrel in vitro resulted in a profound inhibition of platelet P-selectin expression, platelet-PMN adhesion and production of ROS by PMN. Pretreatment with the active metabolite of clopidogrel significantly impaired the ability of platelets to up-regulate the expression of TF procoagulant activity in MN, in a washed cell system. Moreover, the active metabolite of clopidogrel inhibited rapidTF exposure on platelet as well as on leukocyte surfaces in whole blood. By reducing platelet-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory and pro-atherothrombotic functions in leukocytes, clopidogrel may reduce inflammation that underlies the chronic process of atherosclerosis and its acute complications.
Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Biomolecules (1996)

Carbon dioxide has become an important environmentally safe solvent for chemical processing, but many biomolecules are insoluble in it. In his Perspective, Beckman describes work reported in this issue of Science by Johnston et al. (p. 624) in which a fluoroether surfactant was used to create micelles—little pockets of water that contain the biomolecules—that are soluble in CO 2 .
Sinapine Leakage from Brassica Seeds (1993)

The purpose of this project was to study factors that influence the leakage rate and develop methods to enhance leakage of sinapine from Brassica seeds. Six seedlots (two seedlots of one cultivar each of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group), broccoli, and cauliflower ( B. oleracea L., Botrytis group) were studied. Leakage was quantified spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of the soak water at 330 nm. The onset of sinapine leakage was determined from single seeds by the visual presence (yellow soak water) caused by soaking seeds in a biological buffer adjusted to pH 10. The leakage pattern from heat-killed seeds of all seedlots was sigmoidal with a distinct lag phase followed by a rapid efflux and final slower rate. The duration of the lag phase and the total amount of sinapine leaked after 24 hours was not the same for all seedlots after adjusting for seed count, seed weight, or sinapine content. Therefore, another factor was responsible for differences measured in leakage. Embryos or seeds with cracked testas leaked faster than intact seeds, and the leakage pattern without testa integrity was biphasic. From these studies, we conclude that the testa was a major factor regulating sinapine leakage. Pretreating heat killed seeds, with up to 1.0% NaOCl for 10 minutes, accelerated the onset of leakage. The time for 50 percent of the seeds to leak (T50) decreased as NaOCl concentration increased. Leakage uniformity, as measured by the standard deviation of the distribution, generally increased as NaOCl concentration increased. The sigmoidal leakage pattern from heat-killed Brassica seeds may be attributed to seedcoat cracking associated with imbibitional swelling. A NaOCl pretreatment may have increased the permeability of the testa and, thereby, enhanced the leakage rate.
Effect of pine bark on the biotransformation of trinitrotoluene and on the bacterial community structure in a batch experiment (2014)

Pine bark, a low-cost industrial residue, has been suggested as a promising substitute for granular activated carbon in the on-site treatment of water contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the complex organic structure and indigenous microbial community of pine bark have thus far not been thoroughly described in the context of TNT-contaminated water treatment. This two-week batch study examined the removal efficiency ofTNT from water by (1) adsorption on pine bark and (2) simultaneous adsorption on pine bark and biotransformation by specialized TNT-biotransforming microbial inocula. The bacterial community composition of experimental batches, inocula and pine bark, was profiled by Illumina sequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that the inocula and experimental batches were dominated by phylotypes belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and that the tested inocula had good potential for TNT biotransformation. The type of applied inocula had the most profound effect on the TNT-transforming bacterial community structure in the experimental batches. The indigenous microbial community of pine bark harboured phylotypes that also have a potential to degrade TNT. Altogether, the combination of a specialized inoculum and pine bark proved to be the most efficient treatment option for TNT-contaminated water.
Modeling and optimization for short-term scheduling of crude oil operations in refinery (2015)

For the short-term scheduling problem of crude oil operations, this paper studies the detailed scheduling problem to realize a given refining schedule. The problem is formulated as an integer programming model by using discrete-time representation. Since it is very difficult to solve in an exact way, it is transformed into a dynamic charging tank assignment problem such that heuristics are applicable. Then, a heuristic approach is developed to solve the problem. An industrial case study is used to show the application of the proposed method. It shows that performance is significantly improved and is applicable to real-life problems.
Surface Inspection of Cu-Cu Non-Thermal Compression Bonding for Wafer-to-Wafer 3D Stacking (2014)

A new monitoring system combining SPD (Surface Potential Difference) imaging technique and XRD analysis has shown to be effective in understanding of plasma influence and monitoring plasma process in wafer bonding. This work will give a way to improve bonding yield in the hybrid Cu-Cu non-thermal compression bonding process through monitoring and optimizing plasma process conditions.
Pharmacological inhibition of DNA-PK stimulates Cas9-mediated genome editing (2015)

Our results identify two small molecules compatible for use with Cas9-editing technology to improve the frequency of HDR.
Clinical Relevance of Airway 11 β -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II Enzyme in Asthma (2002)

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSD) are responsible for the conversion of bioactive glucocorticoids to and from inactive metabolites. 11beta-HSD2 is generally considered a high-affinity inactivator of natural glucocorticoids, although its activity with synthetic compounds in vivo is unknown. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the primary antiinflammatory agents for treating asthma, but little is known about their metabolism in the lung. The aims of this study were to determine whether the 11beta-HSD2 enzyme can be localized to human airway tissue and whether differential expression of this enzyme relates to asthma severity and ICS needs. We studied airway biopsy specimens from 22 asthmatic subjects, in two groups: (1) a group not treated with ICS (n = 7); and (2) a group treated with ICS (range: 200 to 1,500 microg/d; n = 15). A control population consisted of nine nonasthmatic subjects. Immunostaining was done with an immunopurified antibody to human 11beta-HSD2. Immunoreactivity was generally localized to the endothelium of vessels in the lamina propria and to airway epithelium both in asthmatic patients and nonasthmatic controls. There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between the ICS dose required for effective treatment and the extent of epithelial 11beta-HSD2 staining (r = -0.44; p = 0.04). This is consistent with 11beta-HSD2 acting as an oxidoreductase that regenerates rather than inactivates ICS. This study suggests that glucocorticoid sensitivity in the lung is not determined by ICS breakdown, but may be related to 11beta-HSD2 sustaining the activation of synthetic glucocorticoids.
Intramolecular cyclization assistance for fast degradation of ornithine‐based poly(ester amide)s (2013)

ABSTRACT Inspired by the spontaneous cyclization of ornithine in peptides, polyesters containing protected ornithine (Orn) side chains along the backbone were synthesized and shown to degrade rapidly upon deprotection through intramolecular cyclization. A new ornithine‐based poly(ester amide) PEA 1 and a lysine‐based control PEA 2, both bearing the light‐sensitive protecting group o ‐nitrobenzyl alcohol (ONB), were synthesized. Tert ‐butyl carbamate (Boc)‐protected versions 1‐Boc and 2‐Boc were also synthesized for proof of concept. GPC confirmed that 1‐Boc degrades over 40 times faster than 2‐Boc following deprotection into the designed intramolecular cyclization products. Finally, TEM visualization of particles made from 1 encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles reveals complete disruption of nanoparticles and release of payload within a day upon UV irradiation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51 , 3783–3790
Preparation and characterization of conducting poly(diphenylamine) entrapped polyurethane network electrolyte (2006)

Abstract Composites of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) were prepared by entrapping diphenylamine (DPA) molecules into the matrix of TPU and polymerizing DPA within the TPU matrix. Swelling rate of the parent TPU and the composites in 1 M LiClO 4 in propylene carbonate solution were compared to understand the influence of the presence of PDPA in the composite in altering the morphology, conductivity, and electrolyte behavior. The nitrogen atoms in the PDPA interact and are likely to form hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl and ether groups in TPU. As a result, different morphology, thermal, and impedance behavior were witnessed for the composites in comparison to TPU. Results from differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and ac impedance measurements were obtained as supporting evidences. An increase in glass transition temperature for the composite in comparison to TPU infers the increase in phase mixing of soft and hard segment of TPU. The SEM micrograph shows the presence of fibrillar morphology of PDPA molecules in the composite. The ionic conductivity of the swelled composite was 1‐fold higher than that of pure TPU. A schematic representation showing the interaction of PDPA molecules with TPU is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 611–617, 2006
Turbulent Flow past a Flat Plate at Zero Incidence (2021)

The dissipation theorem is applied to fully developed turbulent flow past a flat plate. Most of the velocity profile occurs in a thin layer near the surface, but a layer of turbulence (represented by the eddy viscosity) extends substantially farther into the fluid.