gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arms Races and Cooperation (1985)

States interested in reducing the level of arms competition with a rival can employ a variety of strategies designed to promote cooperation. We examine the ability of three important strategies—unilateral action, tacit bargaining, and negotiation—to reduce the intensity of arms races motivated by different patterns of preferences and complicated by different sources of uncertainty. The latter include strategic misrepresentation, imperfect intelligence, problems of interpretation, and problems of control. Examples are drawn from 19th- and 20th-century arms races that did not result in war.
An Open-Source Speaker Gender Detection Framework for Monitoring Gender Equality (2018)

This paper presents an approach based on acoustic analysis to describe gender equality in French audiovisual streams, through the estimation of male and female speaking time. Gender detection systems based on Gaussian Mixture Models, i-vectors and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were trained using an internal database of 2,284 French speakers and evaluated using REPERE challenge corpus. The CNN system obtained the best performance with a frame-level gender detection F-measure of 96.52 and a hourly women speaking time percentage error bellow 0.6%. It was considered reliable enough to realize large-scale gender equality descriptions. The proposed gender detection system has been packaged as an open-source framework.
Novel Optical Measurement Approach for the Quantitation of Liposome Immunomigration Assays (1995)

Abstract In a recent series of papers1–3 the use of dye-containing liposomes as a component of immunochemical field assay methods for the detection and measurement of environmental contaminants has been demonstrated. These assays produce a colored measurement zone on a plastic-backed nitrocellulose strip, with the amount of color in the zone being proportional to the amount of analyte present in the test sample. The color in this zone has been measured using scanning densitometry of the strips. While giving a quantitative measurement, such a system is not field-portable and cannot differentiate between multiple colors in the measurement zone. The human eye is also limited in the case of mixed colors. In this report, the use of a ColortronTM 32-band digital color sensor for the quantitation measurement is demonstrated. This instrument is designed for inexpensive color analysis in the desktop publishing industry, but the fact that it can be used as a portable scanning reflectometer means that it has great potential for the spectral analysis of colors produced on a solid surface as analytical signals. As it is a scanning reflectometer rather than a single wavelength instrument, it can discriminate and quantitate a mixture of dyes, and thus has the potential to become part of a field-portable, multianalyte assay system. Key Words: Colortron™liposomesreflectometryimmunoassay
Underwater imaging and optics: Recent advances (2008)

Obtaining satisfactory visibility of undersea objects has been historically difficult due to the absorptive and scattering properties of seawater. Mitigating these effects has been a long term research focus, but recent advancements in hardware, software, and algorithmic methods have led to noticeable improvement in system operational range. This paper is intended to provide a summary of recently reported research in the area of Underwater Optics and Vision and briefly covers advances in the following areas: 1) Image formation and image processing methods; 2) Extended range imaging techniques; 3) Imaging using spatial coherency (e.g. holography); and 4) Multipledimensional image acquisition and image processing.
Polynomial selection of <i>F</i><sub>4</sub> for solving the MQ problem (2022)

The multivariate quadratic (MQ) polynomial problem involves finding solutions to a system of MQ equations. The construction of an efficient algorithm for solving the MQ problem is an important research topic in the security evaluation of multivariate public key cryptosystems. Gröbner basis computation is often used to solve the MQ problem; the F4 algorithm is a representative algorithm for computing Gröbner bases. In this article, we examine a polynomial selection strategy for efficiently solving the MQ problem using the F4 algorithm.
Friction Drag Characteristics in Horizontal Air-Silicone Oil Bubbly Channel Flow (2014)

Experiments on a bubbly channel flow utilizing silicone oil as the test fluid were performed to elucidate mechanisms of frictional drag reduction by bubbles: Using silicone oil overcomes problems of contaminations on bubble interfaces and allows large deformations of bubbles even at small Reynolds numbers (Rem) because of its small surface tension. The local friction drag coefficient measured by a shear stress sensor indicated that the bubble injection introduces drag reduction even at low Reynolds number turbulent flows (Rem ~ 1900) at which the reduction has never been observed in water channel. We also introduced evaluations of the drag reduction using a gain factor that includes energy spent for bubble injections. The gain factor for an actual ship was estimated on the experimental results to investigate applicability of the drag reduction technique for vessels.
Identification and Characterization of a 29-Kilodalton Protein fromMycobacterium tuberculosisCulture Filtrate Recognized by Mouse Memory Effector Cells (1998)

Culture filtrate proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce protective immunity in various animal models of tuberculosis. Two molecular mass regions (6 to 10 kDa and 24 to 36 kDa) of short-term culture filtrate are preferentially recognized by Th1 cells in animal models as well as by patients with minimal disease. In the present study, the 24- to 36-kDa region has been studied, and the T-cell reactivity has been mapped in detail. Monoclonal antibodies were generated, and one monoclonal antibody, HYB 71-2, with reactivity against a 29-kDa antigen located in the highly reactive region below the antigen 85 complex was selected. The 29-kDa antigen (CFP29) was purified from M. tuberculosis short-term culture filtrate by thiophilic adsorption chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. In its native form, CFP29 forms a polymer with a high molecular mass. CFP29 was mapped in two-dimensional electrophoresis gels as three distinct spots just below the antigen 85 complex component MPT59. CFP29 is present in both culture filtrate and the membrane fraction from M. tuberculosis, suggesting that this antigen is released from the envelope to culture filtrate during growth. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence allowed cloning and sequencing of the cfp29 gene. The nucleotide sequence showed 62% identity to the bacteriocin Linocin from Brevibacterium linens. Purified recombinant histidine-tagged CFP29 and native CFP29 had similar T-cell stimulatory properties, and they both elicited the release of high levels of gamma interferon from mouse memory effector cells isolated during the recall of protective immunity to tuberculosis. Interspecies analysis by immunoblotting and PCR demonstrated that CFP29 is widely distributed in mycobacterial species.
Tactile aids for profoundly deaf children (1985)

This paper treats acoustic-tactile communication aids for the deaf. Children who obtain negligible help from conventional hearing aids are of particular interest. For the prelingually deaf child tactile aids may facilitate the acquisition of lipreading, and improve vocal production. Although attempts to use tactile aids for the deaf go back many years, only recently have developments in technology led to greatly improved processing possibilities and the feasibility of aids that can be worn. Here, we report case studies in which prelingually, profoundly deaf young children used wearable tactile aids.
A haptic memory game using the STRESS 2 tactile display (2006)

A computer implementation of a classic memory card game was adapted to rely on touch rather than vision. Instead of memorizing pictures on cards, players explore tactile graphics on a computer-generated virtual surface. Tactile sensations are created by controlling dynamic, distributed lateral strain patterns on a fingerpad in contact with a tactile display called STRESS2. The tactile graphics are explored by moving the device within the workspace of a 2D planar carrier. Three tactile rendering methods were developed and used to create distinct tactile memory cards. The haptic memory game showcases the capabilities of this novel tactile display technology.
Computer modelling of connectivity change suggests epileptogenesis mechanisms in idiopathic generalised epilepsy (2019)

Patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) typically have normal conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hence diagnosis based on MRI is challenging. Anatomical abnormalities underlying brain dysfunctions in IGE are unclear and their relation to the pathomechanisms of epileptogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we applied connectometry, an advanced quantitative neuroimaging technique for investigating localised changes in white-matter tissues in vivo. Analysing white matter structures of 32 subjects we incorporated our in vivo findings in a computational model of seizure dynamics to suggest a plausible mechanism of epileptogenesis. Patients with IGE have significant bilateral alterations in major white-matter fascicles. In the cingulum, fornix, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, tract integrity is compromised, whereas in specific parts of tracts between thalamus and the precentral gyrus, tract integrity is enhanced in patients. Combining these alterations in a logistic regression model, we computed the decision boundary that discriminated patients and controls. The computational model, informed with the findings on the tract abnormalities, specifically highlighted the importance of enhanced cortico-reticular connections along with impaired cortico-cortical connections in inducing pathological seizure-like dynamics. We emphasise taking directionality of brain connectivity into consideration towards understanding the pathological mechanisms; this is possible by combining neuroimaging and computational modelling. Our imaging evidence of structural alterations suggest the loss of cortico-cortical and enhancement of cortico-thalamic fibre integrity in IGE. We further suggest that impaired connectivity from cortical regions to the thalamic reticular nucleus offers a therapeutic target for selectively modifying the brain circuit for reversing the mechanisms leading to epileptogenesis.
DEHP‐plasticised PVC: relevance to blood services* (2010)

Phthalates are the most widely used plasticisers in the world and have been in medical use since 1955. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is present in many industrial and domestic products, and is a common plasticiser used in blood bags and tubing sets. Concerns have been raised by environmental groups that DEHP exposure may result in gender birth defects and the feminisation of boys although there were no studies performed of intravenous exposure to DEHP on higher mammals or humans which report similar effects. This article reports on the toxicology of DEHP and considers concerns regarding its use in the context of transfusion medicine. The benefits of using DEHP are evaluated and the use of alternative plasticisers to DEHP is explored. The article reports on international and European regulatory recommendations for DEHP use in transfusion medicine and examines the impact of legislation on the medical devices and blood industries. The article also reviews labelling considerations for blood components and offers some guidance for blood establishments in respect of DEHP use.
Analysis of power delivery network constructed by irregular-shaped power/ground plane including densely populated via-hole (2005)

The high speed and low power trend has imposed more and more importance on the design of the power distribution network (PDN) using multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) for modern microelectronic packages. This paper presents a fast and efficient analysis methodology in frequency domain for the design of a PDN with a power/ground plane pair, which considers the effect of irregular shape of the power/ground plane and densely populated via-holes. The presented method uses parallel-plate transmission line theory with equivalent circuit model of unit-cell grid considering three-dimensional geometric boundary conditions. Characteristics of PDNs implemented by perforated planes including a densely populated via-hole structure is quantitatively determined based on full-wave analysis using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) periodic structure modeling method and full-wave electromagnetic field solver. Using a circuit simulator such as popularly used SPICE and equivalent circuit models for via-hole structure and perforations, the authors have analyzed input-impedance of the power/ground plane pair. Since the presented method gives an accurate and fast solution, it is very useful for an early design of multilayer PCBs.
Preparation of ZnO Nanocatalyst Fixed on a Substrate and Perspectives on the Photocatalytic Production of Biogas from Plant Waste (2021)

The article considers the production of biofuel from agricultural waste, such as sugars, alcohols, organic acids, by obtaining hydrogen and biogas from them during photocatalytic decomposition. Possible chemical reactions during photocatalysis are presented using the example of the photocatalytic decomposition of methanol into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Experiments on the preparation of nanostructured ZnO by the hydrothermal method in a solution containing zinc acetate and urotropin have been carried out. The obtained ZnO immobilized on a substrate is supposed to be used as a photocatalyst. A possible design of a reaction vessel and radiation sources for a laboratory setup for producing biogas from model solutions are considered.
Giant Proximity Effect in Cuprate Superconductors (2004)

Using an advanced molecular beam epitaxy system, we have reproducibly synthesized atomically smooth films of high-temperature superconductors and uniform trilayer junctions with virtually perfect interfaces. We found that supercurrent runs through very thick barriers. We can rule out pinholes and microshorts; this "giant proximity effect" (GPE) is intrinsic. It defies the conventional explanation; it might originate in resonant tunneling through pair states in an almost-superconducting barrier. GPE may also be significant for superconducting electronics, since thick barriers are easier to fabricate.
Crash Injury Risks for Obese Occupants (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Obesity rates are reaching an epidemic worldwide. In the US, nearly 40 million people are obese. The automotive safety community is starting to question the impact of obesity on occupant protection. This study investigates fatality and serious injury risks for front-seat occupants by Body Mass Index (BMI). NASS-CDS data was analyzed for calendar years 1993-2004. Occupant exposure and injury was divided in seven BMI categories with obese defined as those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Injuries were studied for drivers and right-front passengers and included analysis of lap-shoulder belted and unbelted occupants. The results show that obese occupants have a higher fatality risk compared to normal BMI occupants; morbidly obese occupants (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) have 2.25 times higher fatality risk (1.15% v 0.51%). The fatality risk for belted obese drivers was 0.29%, which was 6.7 times lower than the 1.94% for those unbelted. These rates are similar to other BMI occupants. In conclusion, obesity influences the risk of serious and fatal injury in motor vehicle crashes. The greatest difference in risk is for fatalities, which are highest in the morbidly obese, in part, because of lower seatbelt wearing rates.&lt;/div&gt;
Impact of a tarsonemid prey mite and its fungal diet on the reproductive performance of a predatory mite (2020)

Abstract Phytoseiid predatory mites are the most important group of biocontrol agents currently implemented in protected cultivations worldwide. The possibility to produce these predators at high densities on factitious prey mites is a crucial factor for their success. Commonly used factitious prey mites comprise mainly species belonging to the cohort of Astigmatina. In the present study, we investigated the potential of tarsonemid prey mites as a food source for the spider mite predator Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The oviposition of N. californicus on mixed stages of Tarsonemus fusarii Cooreman (Acari: Tarsonemidae) was similar to that on its natural prey, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). As most tarsonemids are specialized fungus-feeders, we tested the effect of different fungal species on the growth of T. fusarii . Subsequently, we analysed the impact on the fungal growing medium on the oviposition of N. californicus . The fungal growing medium of T. fusarii had a significant effect on the reproductive output of the predatory mite, having a negative effect. When T. fusarii was separated from the rearing medium, these detrimental effects were not observed. The present study shows the potential of using tarsonemid prey mites in the production of predatory mites.
Managing Security in Intelligent Transport Systems (2015)

This paper describes an innovative security architecture for managing security in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), based on our research carried out as part of the still-ongoing ICSI ("Intelligent cooperative Sensing for Improved Traffic Efficiency") EU 7th Framework Programme (FP7) funded research project. We first present an overview of the security requirements to enforce in ICSI: The protection of the ICSI system itself, the protection of application data and, last, but not least, user privacy. The core of our work is two key technical aspects, which are the base for a successful enforcement of appropriate security policies, including privacy: Firstly, our work in advanced access control (proximity-based, redaction/filtering-based, and attribute-based) forms the basis for user privacy protection in ICSI, because here standard access control models like Discretionary Access Control (DAC), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) are not sufficient. At this time of writing, two first prototypes are implemented. We also briefly evaluated European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Machine-to-Machine (M2M) security, with not very promising results, especially the access control part is insufficient for ICSI, and does not meet the requirements of privacy protection. Secondly, our security architecture and implementation for the Object Management Group's (OMG) Data Distribution Service (DDS), and secondly, advanced access control. The DDS security architecture and implementation, which is available as prototype enforcing security policies based on topics, publishers and subscribers, is the base for infrastructure protection of the ICSI Data Distribution Platform (DDP). Our prototype implementation is based on the upcoming OMG security standards and leverages ObjectSecurity's OpenPMF ("Open Policy Management Framework) functionality for policy definition and management, and for logging. In addition, we describe a draft of the overall ICSI security architecture. It integrates ETSI M2M security, DDS security and the "model-driven security" based OpenPMF Policy Management Framework.
Physiological Role of Tryptophanase in Control of Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Bacillus alvei (1966)

Hoch, J. A. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and R. D. DeMoss. Physiological role of tryptophanase in control of tryptophan biosynthesis in Bacillus alvei. J. Bacteriol. 91:667-672. 1966.-Indole excretion occurred early in the exponential growth phase, and derived mainly from biosynthetic intermediates of tryptophan. Tryptophan cleavage by tryptophanase contributed about 1.5% of the indole excreted. In the presence of exogenous tryptophan (5 to 10 mug/ml), excretion of early indole was not observed. Experiments with isotopically labeled indole and tryptophan showed that a low rate of endogenous tryptophan biosynthesis occurred constantly during growth. Both exogenously and endogenously supplied tryptophan were degraded by tryptophanase. As a consequence, the intracellular tryptophan concentration appeared to be maintained at a constant low level. It was suggested that the action of tryptophanase is an example of an enzymatic mechanism which controls the level of a specific metabolite pool.
Supplemental Figures S1-S12 from Androgen Receptor Is the Key Transcriptional Mediator of the Tumor Suppressor SPOP in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Reciprocal gene set enrichment analysis reveals that SPOP F102C, F133V, and F133L mutants have similar effects on the PC transcriptome (S1); AR Activity Score of PC cells expressing wt or mutant SPOPs (S2); Effects of wt-SPOP and PC-associated SPOP mutants on mRNA expression of AR target genes in Abl PC cells (S3); The transcriptomic response induced by mt-SPOPs in PC cells enriches strongly for target genes of AR antagonists (S4); The impact of SPOP on AR protein levels in Abl cells is post-translational (S5); Wt-SPOP, but not its PC-associated mutants, suppresses AR protein levels in androgen-dependent PC cells (S6); The interaction between SPOP-wt and AR can occur even in the absence of SRC-3 protein (S7); Interaction and binding of SPOP-wt to AR is mediated by an SBC motif (a.a.646-a.a.651) located in the Hinge Region of the AR protein (S8); Endogenous SPOP interacts with and regulates the expression levels of the AR protein in PC cells (S9); The impact of SPOP on AR protein levels in 22Rv1 cells is post-translational (S10); Growth promoting effect of PC-associated SPOP mutants in the context of AR axis inhibition (S11); SPOP gene signature scores in human PC specimens correlate strongly with androgen receptor activity (S12).&lt;/p&gt;
A Broadband and High Linearity Directly-Modulated Analog Photonic Link based on Push-Pull structure and Digital Signal Post-Compensation (2016)

A novel method based on the corporation of push-pull-manner and advanced DSP is proposed in directly-modulated APL. IMD2 and IMD3 are simultaneously suppressed, and SFDR2 and SFDR3 are experimentally improved by 11dB and 7.5dB respectively.
Imaging Tumour Metabolism - From Mouse to Man (2022)

By imaging the metabolism of a tumour we can potentially determine likely disease prognosis as well as detect very early responses to treatment, which can then be used to tailor treatment to the individual patient.