gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH17 ANTAGONIZE TREG TO REJECT ALLOGRAFTS (141.38) (2009)

Abstract Treg are central in controlling immune responses and transplant tolerance, and TGFβ plays an important role in inducing and maintaining Treg. However, when TGFβ is combined with IL-6, CD4 T cells develop along the Th17 pathway, and Treg have been suggested to be one of the main sources for TGFβ in Th17 differentiation. We determined how Treg affected Th17 induction, function, and allograft rejection. Vascularized cardiac allografts were performed in SCID mice, and Treg and/or Th17 were adoptively transferred 4 days later and graft survival monitored. We found that in the presence of Treg, proliferation of CD4 T cells was inhibited, and IL-6 partially abolished proliferative suppression by Treg. However, Treg did not inhibit but actually increased IL-6 driven IL-17 expression, suggesting that Treg did not suppress Th17 differentiation. Allograft survival was significantly prolonged when effector T cells were co-transferred with Treg, with mean survival increasing from about 14 to &amp;gt; 50 days. Treg were not as effective when co-transferred with Th17, allograft survival increasing from 10 to only 15 days. These findings have important implications for understanding the signals necessary for preventing Th17 development and function in order to prolong graft survival and induce tolerance.
GAS PHASE THZ SPECTROSCOPY OF ORGANOSULFIDE AND ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS USING A SYNCHROTRON SOURCE (2011)

Author Institution: Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphere, 189A Ave. Maurice; Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Ligne AILES, synchrotron SOLEIL; L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Spliceosome profiling visualizes the operations of a dynamic RNP in vivo at nucleotide resolution (2017)

Summary Tools to understand how the spliceosome functions in vivo have lagged behind advances in its structural biology. We describe methods to globally profile spliceosome-bound precursor, intermediates and products at nucleotide resolution. We apply these tools to three divergent yeast species that span 600 million years of evolution. The sensitivity of the approach enables detection of novel cases of non-canonical catalysis including interrupted, recursive and nested splicing. Employing statistical modeling to understand the quantitative relationships between RNA features and the data, we uncover independent roles for intron size, position and number in substrate progression through the two catalytic stages. These include species-specific inputs suggestive of spliceosome-transcriptome coevolution. Further investigations reveal ATP-dependent discard of numerous endogenous substrates at both the precursor and lariat-intermediate stages and connect discard to intron retention, a form of splicing regulation. Spliceosome profiling is a quantitative, generalizable global technology to investigate an RNP central to eukaryotic gene expression. Highlights Measurement of spliceosome-bound precursor and intermediate in three species Non-canonical splicing events revealed Statistical modeling uncovers substrate features that predict catalytic efficiency Discard of suboptimal substrates occurs in vivo and predicts intron-retained mRNAs
Stimulated Raman scattering in single-mode optical fibers (1987)

Recent interest in optical pulse compression, particularly at 1.06 μm, has resulted in several experimental1 and theoretical2 studies of the interaction of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-phase modulation (SPM) in polarization-preserving fiber. Similar work3 has been reported for shorter wavelengths. We shall discuss the Interaction of SRS with the self-phase modulated pump pulse using nonpolarization-preserving fiber at throughput powers of 1-4.5 W continuous. We observed, for the first time we believe, the generation of an SRS pulse at 1.082 μm which can be excited either alone or in tandem with the previously reported 1.12-μm SRS pulse. These pulses can exhibit exceptionally large spectral broadenings of 70 and 400 A, respectively, and may present an opportunity to generate extremely short pulses at these two wavelengths.
An Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Operation According to Asymmetry Fault Current (2009)

This paper analyzes a asymmetry current with SFCL (Superconducting Fault Current Limiter) operation during transient period, when a fault occurs in power systems. The principle of asymmetry current nature is reviewed and asymmetry components reduction with SFCL operation is explained. To verify the performance of SFCL, a EMTP/ATPDraw model of SFCLs using MODELS language developed and simulated. Throughout the simulation, results presents the main factors for reducing the asymmetry component of fault current are not a quenching time, but a limiting resistance of SFCL and fault initiated angle.
Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. As SWCNT are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. We demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited unusual pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. A dose-dependent increase in the protein, LDH, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage were found along with accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative biomarker) and depletion of glutathione in lungs. An early neutrophils accumulation (day 1), followed by lymphocyte (day 3) and macrophage (day 7) influx, was accompanied by early elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta; day 1) followed by fibrogenic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 (peaked on day 7). A rapid progressive fibrosis found in mice exhibited two distinct morphologies: 1) SWCNT-induced granulomas mainly associated with hypertrophied epithelial cells surrounding SWCNT aggregates and 2) diffuse interstitial fibrosis and alveolar wall thickening likely associated with dispersed SWCNT. In vitro exposure of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages to SWCNT triggered TGF-beta1 production similarly to zymosan but generated less TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. SWCNT did not cause superoxide or NO.production, active SWCNT engulfment, or apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Functional respiratory deficiencies and decreased bacterial clearance (Listeria monocytogenes) were found in mice treated with SWCNT. Equal doses of ultrafine carbon black particles or fine crystalline silica (SiO2) did not induce granulomas or alveolar wall thickening and caused a significantly weaker pulmonary inflammation and damage.
S6:S18 ribosomal protein complex interacts with a structural motif present in its own mRNA (2013)

Prokaryotic ribosomal protein genes are typically grouped within highly conserved operons. In many cases, one or more of the encoded proteins not only bind to a specific site in the ribosomal RNA, but also to a motif localized within their own mRNA, and thereby regulate expression of the operon. In this study, we computationally predicted an RNA motif present in many bacterial phyla within the 5' untranslated region of operons encoding ribosomal proteins S6 and S18. We demonstrated that the S6:S18 complex binds to this motif, which we hereafter refer to as the S6:S18 complex-binding motif (S6S18CBM). This motif is a conserved CCG sequence presented in a bulge flanked by a stem and a hairpin structure. A similar structure containing a CCG trinucleotide forms the S6:S18 complex binding site in 16S ribosomal RNA. We have constructed a 3D structural model of a S6:S18 complex with S6S18CBM, which suggests that the CCG trinucleotide in a specific structural context may be specifically recognized by the S18 protein. This prediction was supported by site-directed mutagenesis of both RNA and protein components. These results provide a molecular basis for understanding protein-RNA recognition and suggest that the S6S18CBM is involved in an auto-regulatory mechanism.
A model identification strategy to design PCBs for power systems (2022)

The design of printed circuit boards (PCBs) layout is a crucial aspect in the production of embedded solutions based on power integrated device. During this phase, in fact, the conditions for the onset of unintentional dynamics can be set, as PCBs vias and conductive elements may electromagnetically interact under specific working conditions. The idea outlined in this contribution is using model identification techniques to validate PCBs during the design phase, thus leading to a more accurate design without the need of waiting the production times. Linear identification techniques are joint with CAD techniques used today to simulate the board. The main results obtained allow to establish that the parasitic effects can be opportunely elicited to compensate unwanted nonlinear dynamics arising in the systems.
Process for forming a homogeneous oxide solid phase of catalytically active material (2023)

A process is disclosed for forming a homogeneous oxide solid phase reaction product of catalytically active material comprising one or more alkali metals, one or more alkaline earth metals, and one or more Group VIII transition metals. The process comprises reacting together one or more alkali metal oxides and/or salts, one or more alkaline earth metal oxides and/or salts, one or more Group VIII transition metal oxides and/or salts, capable of forming a catalytically active reaction product, in the optional presence of an additional source of oxygen, using a laser beam to ablate from a target such metal compound reactants in the form of a vapor in a deposition chamber, resulting in the deposition, on a heated substrate in the chamber, of the desired oxide phase reaction product. The resulting product may be formed in variable, but reproducible, stoichiometric ratios. The homogeneous oxide solid phase product is useful as a catalyst, and can be produced in many physical forms, including thin films, particulate forms, coatings on catalyst support structures, and coatings on structures used in reaction apparatus in which the reaction product of the invention will serve as a catalyst.
Common pitfalls of stem cell differentiation: a guide to improving protocols for neurodegenerative disease models and research (2016)

Induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells have revolutionized cellular neuroscience, providing the opportunity to model neurological diseases and test potential therapeutics in a pre-clinical setting. The power of these models has been widely discussed, but the potential pitfalls of stem cell differentiation in this research are less well described. We have analyzed the literature that describes differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into three neural cell types that are commonly used to study diseases, including forebrain cholinergic neurons for Alzheimer's disease, midbrain dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease and cortical astrocytes for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Published protocols for differentiation vary widely in the reported efficiency of target cell generation. Additionally, characterization of the cells by expression profile and functionality differs between studies and is often insufficient, leading to highly variable protocol outcomes. We have synthesized this information into a simple methodology that can be followed when performing or assessing differentiation techniques. Finally we propose three considerations for future research, including the use of physiological O2 conditions, three-dimensional co-culture systems and microfluidics to control feeding cycles and growth factor gradients. Following these guidelines will help researchers to ensure that robust and meaningful data is generated, enabling the full potential of stem cell differentiation for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Borane—Amine Complexes — Versatile Reagents in the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN URBAN SEWAGE IN EPIDEMIC AND IN NONEPIDEMIC TIMES1 (1947)

Journal Article POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN URBAN SEWAGE IN EPIDEMIC AND IN NONEPIDEMIC TIMES Get access JOSEPH L. MELNICK JOSEPH L. MELNICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 45, Issue 2, March 1947, Pages 240–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119132 Published: 01 March 1947 Article history Received: 09 November 1946 Published: 01 March 1947
Integration Of Design For Manufacturability (DFM) Practices In Design Flows (2005)

We review some of the new functionalities needed for the integration of DFM (design for manufacturability) practices in design flows. We explain why DFM is important for the yield and reliability of products designed for advanced CMOS processes. We show that DFM cannot be limited to layout optimization and that DFM practices can be and have to be very diverse. This diversity highlights the need of creating communication standards and channels between the stages of design flows. The diversity of the DFM needs also means that it could make sense for the industry to agree on a DFM roadmap.
Interactive source-level debugging for optimized programs (compilation, high-level) (1984)

In this study we investigated the role of KMT2C (a chromatin-modifying and remodelling protein) in osteosarcoma progression through cell migration and invasion assays in osteosarcoma primary and metastatic cell lines. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect changes of cell migration and matrigel assay was used to evaluate changes of cell invasion in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines after KMT2C siRNA transfection. We found that primary osteosarcoma cell lines showed the highest capacity of migration before mRNA KMT2C silencing and the highest capacity of invasion after mRNA KMT2C silencing; on the contrary, osteosarcoma metastatic cell line showed the highest capacity of migration after mRNA KMT2C silencing and the highest capacity of invasion before mRNA KMT2C silencing. Our study supports data in favour of selective enhancer changes, KMT2C-mediated, in metastatic osteosarcoma probably due to the different microenvironment between primary and metastatic sites.
Regulation of Ito cell proliferation by soluble factors. (1995)

Interferon-alpha therapy has a beneficial effect in 30-40% of selected patients with chronic hepatitis B who respond by clearing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA from serum. This is usually associated with normalization of serum aminotransferase activities. On long-term follow-up of treated patients, it is apparent that many go on to clear hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum with considerable improvement in liver histopathology. Among patients with clinically apparent chronic HBV infection such as those with decompensated cirrhosis or the nephrotic syndrome, a serologic response is usually followed by slow but steady clinical and biochemical improvement. However, even among patients who have cleared HBsAg from serum, HBV-DNA remains detectable within the liver and may provide a source of reactivation in rare patients in association with immunosuppression.
Comparison of Reflectometric and Psychophysical Measures of Cone Orientation (1992)

The intensity and color of a light determined psychophysically depends on where the light enters the eyes pupil, (the Stiles-Crawford effect 10 ). This effect occurs due to the physical orientation and waveguide properties of the cone photoreceptors. In principle the measurement of cone alignment and orientation is a powerful clinical technique, providing direct information on the status of the outer retina. The outer retina is very sensitive to retinal and systemic disease, due in part to its high metabolic activity. Healthy photoreceptors are well oriented, and the orientation is maintained by an active process, with cones recovering their orientation following insult or disease 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 . In practice it has proven to be dificult to obtain a full map of cone orientation in a naive subject, and this has limited the use of the Stiles-Crawford effect for clinical research.
Modeling of Auditory Neuron Response Thresholds with Cochlear Implants (2015)

The quality of the prosthetic-neural interface is a critical point for cochlear implant efficiency. It depends not only on technical and anatomical factors such as electrode position into the cochlea (depth and scalar placement), electrode impedance, and distance between the electrode and the stimulated auditory neurons, but also on the number of functional auditory neurons. The efficiency of electrical stimulation can be assessed by the measurement of e-CAP in cochlear implant users. In the present study, we modeled the activation of auditory neurons in cochlear implant recipients (nucleus device). The electrical response, measured using auto-NRT (neural responses telemetry) algorithm, has been analyzed using multivariate regression with cubic splines in order to take into account the variations of insertion depth of electrodes amongst subjects as well as the other technical and anatomical factors listed above. NRT thresholds depend on the electrode squared impedance (β = -0.11 ± 0.02, P < 0.01), the scalar placement of the electrodes (β = -8.50 ± 1.97, P < 0.01), and the depth of insertion calculated as the characteristic frequency of auditory neurons (CNF). Distribution of NRT residues according to CNF could provide a proxy of auditory neurons functioning in implanted cochleas.
Color Separation through Spectrally-Selective Optical Funneling (2016)

We present the concept and a basic design for a free-space color sorter, which can efficiently separate different spectral components of an optical beam. The structure is based on a resonant cavity formed between a metallic wall and a stack of partially reflecting screens. Such a cavity supports multiple leaky-wave resonances, which enable spectrally selective funneling of the incident beam through apertures in the metallic wall. The apertures are coupled to resonators with different resonance frequencies that allow separating different spectral components of the beam. The proposed concept can potentially overcome the efficiency limitations of color filter arrays, with important consequences in the design of fast and efficient spectral imaging systems.
Conductor-resistor-semiconductor avalanche diodes for scintillation light detection: medical applications (2002)

Novel avalanche photodiodes (APD) working in a self-limiting mode of operation are tested. This mode provides for stable operation of a conductor-resistor-semiconductor (CRS) APD with a gain of 10/sup 4/-10/sup 5/. Based on test results, an improved APD design is suggested to provide a very high quantum efficiency across a broad wavelength spectrum. The concept of a compact positron emission tomography (PET) device based on Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce (LSO) scintillating crystals and CRS APD is discussed. A point spread function with RMS of about 0.5 mm is predicted for a /sup 18/F tracer isotope.
Surfaces from stereo: integrating feature matching, disparity estimation, and contour detection (1989)

An approach is described that integrates the processes of feature matching, contour detection, and surface interpolation to determine the three-dimensional distance, or depth, of objects from a stereo pair of images. Integration is necessary to ensure that the detected surfaces are smooth. Surface interpolation takes into account detected occluding and ridge contours in the scene; interpolation is performed within regions enclosed by these contours. Planar and quadratic patches are used as local models of the surface. Occluded regions in the image are identified, and are not used for matching and interpolation. A coarse-to-fine algorithm is presented that generates a multiresolution hierarchy of surface maps, one at each level of resolution. Experimental results are given for a variety of stereo images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Serology for Automated Cytotoxicity Assays (1974)

We have developed a new serologic method for the study of lymphocytotoxic reactions, based on differential fluorescent staining. Living cells, labeled with fluorescein diacetate, show green fluorescence, while dead cells are stained by ethidium bromide and show red fluorescence. Since both living and dead cells can be quantitated, the test is more sensitive. Because the total number of cells present can be quantitated, the estimations can be made by automatic equipment without the danger of false negatives resulting from the absence of cells.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐CELACINNINE, (.+‐.)‐CELALLOCINNINE, (.+‐.)‐CELAFURINE, AND (.+‐.)‐CELABENZINE (1982)

Abstract Die Cyclisierung des ausgehend von den Komponenten (I) und (II) über die Stufen (III) und (Va) durch Hydrierung von (Va) erhältlichen Aminoesters (Vb) in Gegenwart des Bor‐Reagenzes (VI) (Untersuchung des Mechanismus dieser Reaktion) gibt das cyclische Lactam (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF METALLOCYCLIC 3‐OXO‐1‐ALKENYL COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN (1977)

Abstract Die Methylkomplexe (I) reagieren bei UV‐Bestrahlung in Lösung mit den Alkinen zu den Produkten (II), die chromatographisch isoliert werden.
Genetic risk variants of schizophrenia associated with left superior temporal gyrus volume (2014)

Kazutaka Ohi , Ryota Hashimoto , Masashi Ikeda , Fumio Yamashita , Masaki Fukunaga , Kiyotaka Nemoto , Takashi Ohnishi , Hidenaga Yamamori , Yuka Yasuda , Michiko Fujimoto , Satomi Umeda-Yano , Yoshiyuki Watanabe , Nakao Iwata , Daniel R. Weinberger l and Masatoshi Takeda a,c a Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan b National Hospital Organization, Yamato Mental-Medical Center, Nara, Japan c Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan d Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan e Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan f Biofunctional Imaging, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan g Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan h Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan i CNS Science Department, Scientific Affairs Division, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo, Japan j Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan k Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan l Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA