gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCREASED DELTOID AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING SWISS BALL BENCH PRESS (2006)

The swiss is widely used in the recreational training environment as a supplement to conventional resistance training. One such application is to use the swiss ball as a bench support for bench press exercise. There is no evidence to indicate that the use of a swiss ball is beneficial for resistance training exercise. This study investigated muscle activity using surface electromyography of upper-body and abdominal muscles during the concentric and eccentric phases of the bench press on and off a swiss ball. Volunteers for this study were 14 resistance-trained subjects who performed isolated concentric and eccentric bench press repetitions using the 2 test surfaces with a 2-second cadence at a load equivalent to 60% maximum force output. The average root mean square of the muscle activity was calculated for each movement, and perceived exertion during the tasks was collected using a Borg Scale. The results of the study showed that deltoid and abdominal muscle activity was increased for repetitions performed using the swiss ball. Increased deltoid muscle activity supports previous findings for increased activity when greater instability is introduced to the bench press movement. Abdominal muscle activity increases were not hypothesized, but this finding provides scientific evidence for anecdotal reasoning behind swiss ball use as a potential core stability training device.
Electronic transport properties of PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3-x/Ga/sub x/O/sub 7-δ/ (2002)

We have measured the electrical resistivity, /spl rho/, and the thermopower, S, of PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3-x/Ga/sub x/O/sub 7-/spl delta// in a temperature range from 300 K down to approximately 100 K. Samples with varying amounts of Ga substitution (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) were studied, some of which were annealed in flowing O/sub 2/ for one week at 700/spl deg/C. At room temperature the resistivity of the material increases by several orders of magnitude as Ga is substituted for the Cu. The thermopower increases from 100 /spl mu/V/K for x=0.0 to approximately 300 /spl mu/V/K when x=0.2. The value does not continue to increase as more Ga is substituted. The resistivity increases as the temperature is lowered, while the thermopower exhibits a complicated temperature dependence. Annealing the material in O/sub 2/ decreases the resistivity, but does not change the room temperature value of the thermopower. Although the resistivity may follow a 3D variable range hopping expression as a function of temperature, the thermopower does not. The thermopower may show indications of magnetic transitions. The power factor (=S/sup 2///spl rho/) at room temperature is greatest for x=0.0 with a value of 10/sup -1/ /spl mu/W/(K/sup 2/-cm), it decreases over several orders of magnitude as Ga is substituted. It also decreases as the temperature is lowered. We conclude that the system PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3-x/Ca/sub x/O/sub 7-/spl delta// is probably not going to be useful as a thermoelectric material, even with other substitutions such as Y for Pr.
Key issues in HgCdTe-based focal plane arrays: An industry perspective (1992)

Technological limits, not fundamental issues, are all that keep HgCdTe from completely dominating almost all infrared (IR) applications. The technological limits result from our incomplete understanding of HgCdTe materials science. This article’s snapshot view, from the unique perspective of the major United States HgCdTe IR detector array companies, suggests directions that HgCdTe detector technology should take as we approach the next century. We argue that the Government, industrial users, and industrial producers of HgCdTe must support continuing scientific investigation of this material to parallel the manufacturing of second generation HgCdTe-based systems. Without this manufacturing science base, systems will develop too slowly, cost too much, and fail too often. To assist developing this critically important technology, the article highlights some of the more vexing and as yet unsolved HgCdTe materials science and engineering problems that we see as being important.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization (1989)

Catheterization laboratory organization, administration and related issues general cardiac catheterization - application to both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures diagnostic cardiac catheterization techniques coronary and noncoronary therapeutic (intervention) cardiac techniques specific clinical states and their assessment and intervention by catheter techniques.
Evaluation of high-resolution GRAMM/GRAL NO x simulations over the city of Zurich, Switzerland (2017)

Abstract. Hourly NOx concentrations were simulated for the city of Zurich, Switzerland, at 10 m resolution for the years 2013–2014. The simulations were generated with the nested mesoscale meteorology and microscale dispersion model system GRAMM/GRAL (versions v15.12/v14.8) by applying a catalogue-based approach. This approach was specifically designed to enable long-term city-wide building-resolving simulations with affordable computation costs. It relies on a discrete set of possible weather situations and corresponding steady-state flow and dispersion patterns that are pre-computed and then matched hourly with actual meteorological observations. The modelling system was comprehensively evaluated using eight sites continuously monitoring NOx concentrations and 65 passive samplers measuring NO2 concentrations on a 2-weekly basis all over the city. The system was demonstrated to fulfil the European Commission standards for air pollution modelling at nearly all sites. The average spatial distribution was very well represented, despite a general tendency to overestimating the observed concentrations, possibly due to a crude representation of traffic-induced turbulence. The temporal variability of concentrations explained by varying emissions and weather situations was accurately reproduced on different time scales. The seasonal cycle of concentrations, mostly driven by stronger vertical dispersion in summer than in winter, was very well captured in the two year simulation period. Short-term events, such as episodes of particularly high and low concentrations, were detected in most cases by the system, although some unrealistic pollution peaks were occasionally generated, pointing at some limitations of the steady-state approximation. The different patterns of the diurnal cycle of concentrations observed in the city were generally well captured as well. The evaluation confirmed the adequacy of the catalogue-based approach in the context of city scale air pollution modelling. The ability to reproduce not only the spatial gradients but also the hourly temporal variability over multiple years makes the model system particularly suitable for investigating individualized air pollution exposure in the city.
Does cannabis use predict poor outcome for heroin‐dependent patients on maintenance treatment? Past findings and more evidence against (2003)

Cannabinoid-positive urines need not be a major focus of clinical attention during treatment for opiate dependence, unless patients report symptoms of cannabis-use disorders.
Biomimetic application of tailored mesoporous materials with self-assembled multifunctional monolayers (2005)

This paper describes chemically functionalized mesoporous silica as a novel catalyst for the rapid hydrolysis of a phenyl ester. Work demonstrates a very simple and flexible approach to control surface reactivity on the nanometer scale using a self-assembled organic monolayer consisting of polar, (dihydroxyl, carboxyl, ethylene-diamine, and dihydroimidazole), and non-polar (isobutyl) groups. All five functional groups are an essential requirement in preparing an enzyme-like catalyst because of the synergistic effect and hydrophobic partitioning, which has been verified by a 13C CP- MAS solid-state NMR technique. Catalytic activities were obtained from the catalytic efficiency constant and specificity constant using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Catalytic activities were close to those of a natural enzyme when 12% of the surface was covered by hydrophobic isobutyl silane. The rate of enzyme catalyzed activity was dependent on the energy of the transition state as defined in terms of an energy barrier derived from the relationship between transfer free energy and specificity constant.
Design technique for mm-wave IC realization of the load network of switched-mode class-E 3 F 2 power amplifier (2010)

Analysis and synthesis of the new Class-EF power amplifier (PA) are presented in this paper. The proposed circuit offers means to alleviate some of the major issues faced by existing Class-EF and Class-EF PAs, such as (1) substantial power losses due to parasitic resistance of the large inductor in the Class-EF load network, (2) unpredictable behaviour of practical lumped inductors and capacitors at harmonic frequencies, and (3) deviation from ideal Class-EF operation mode due to detrimental effects of device output inductance at high frequencies. The transmission-line load network of the Class-EF PA topology elaborated in this paper simultaneously satisfies the Class-EF optimum impedance requirements at fundamental frequency, second, and third harmonics as well as simultaneously providing matching to the circuit optimum load resistance for any prescribed system load resistance. Furthermore, an elegant solution using an open and short-circuit stub arrangement is suggested to overcome the problem encountered in the mm-wave IC realizations of the Class-EF PA load network due to lossy quarter-wave line.
A hybrid-timeout mechanism to handle rule dependencies in software defined networks (2017)

Software Defined Networks (SDN) enables flexible flow control by installing policy rules into switches. However, one of the challenges is the dependencies between rules, which is generated due to the rules overlapping in filed space with different priorities. To keep the forwarding correctness and avoid complicated scenarios caused by the asynchronous removal, controllers usually adopt a hard timeout mechanism. However, such mechanism is inflexible for evolving and dynamic network flows. A large timeout may waste the switch memory, while a short timeout may cause multiple requests (Packet-in events) to occur for the same flow. To handle such rule dependencies flexibly, we propose a hybrid timeout mechanism. When a table miss occurs, we adaptively assign an idle timeout to the table-miss flow rule, and dependent rules are assigned with no timeout, which allow them to be removed using a proactive eviction strategy. We conduct extensive experiments using real packet traces from data centers. The experimental results show that our hybrid mechanism significantly reduces the number of table misses and the flow table occupation, while adapting quickly to changes of network flows.
(Invited) Probing the Intrinsic Limitations of the Contact Resistance of Metal/Semiconductor Interfaces through Atomistic Simulations (2017)

Abstract: In this contribution, we report a fundamental study of the factors that set the contact resistivity between metals and highly doped semiconductors. We investigate the case of n-type doped Si contacted with amorphous TiSi combining first-principles calculations with Non-Equilibrium Green functions transport simulations. The intrinsic contact resistivity is found to saturate at similar to 2x10(-10) Omega.cm(2) with the doping concentration and sets an intrinsic limit to the ultimate contact resistance achievable for n-doped Si vertical bar amorphous-TiSi. This limit arises from the intrinsic properties of the semiconductor and of the metal such as their electron effective masses and Fermi energies. We illustrate that, in this regime, contacting metals with a heavy electron effective mass helps reducing the interface intrinsic contact resistivity.
Abstract 5613: A specific isoform of Gli1 binds the Gli-binding site of the c-jun and c-fos promoters (2012)

Abstract Gli1 participates in the transcriptional regulation of c-jun, which in turn, participates in the transcriptional regulation of genes in nucleotide excision repair. The c-jun promoter and the c-fos promoter have identical Gli-binding-sites that bind Gli1. C-jun and C-fos form the transcriptionally active heterodimer Activator Protein 1, AP1. AP1, is the positive transcriptional regulator for ERCC1, and other DNA repair proteins. Gli1 is a transcription factor in the Hedgehog pathway, and there are five known isoforms of the Gli1 protein that exist in human cells. We have investigated whether there is a specific isoform of Gli1 that binds to the transcriptional regulatory sequences of c-jun and of c-fos. Detailed studies were performed in cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP70 human ovarian cancer cells. EMSA studies demonstrated the presence of a Gli protein in these cells which bind to the Gli-binding-site, as well as the consensus Gli-binding sequence. Supershift EMSA assays show that Gli1 binds the Gli binding sites of c-jun and of c-fos. Southwestern blot analyses of protein lysates from A2780-CP70 cells demonstrated that only one of the five known Gli1 protein isoforms, the 130 kDa, bind the Gli-specific binding site in the promoter of c-jun and c-fos. No Gli2 protein binds this specific binding site in the c-jun promoter, in these cells. To further confirm the 130 kDa Gli1 isoform was responsible for binding the c-jun promoter, the full-length Gli1 with a C-terminal myc tag was transfected into cells, and the protein products were assessed by immunoprecipitation and Southwestern blot analysis. The transfected full length Gli1-myc generated a 130 kDa protein that binds the Gli1-specific binding site in the promoter of c-jun. The presence of this 130 kDa Gli1 isoform was also documented in: six additional human ovarian cancer cell lines, and ten clinical ovarian tissue samples. Seven were ovarian cancer tissue and three were non-cancer ovarian tissues. The 130 kDa Gli1 isoform was present in all specimens examined, but protein levels were six-fold higher in malignant tissues. We conclude that the 130 kDa isoform of Gli1 bind the Gli-binding site in the promoters of c-jun and c-fos. Therefore, Gli1 may be the transcriptional regulator of c-jun and c-fos, and thereby regulates the transcription of ERCC1 and genes of nucleotide excision repair. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5613. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5613
Investigation electrical characteristic of plasma of helium-neon lasers (2019)

The current-voltage characteristics of a glow discharge flowing in narrow long tubes corresponding to helium-new lasers are investigated. Studies were conducted on a specially designed layout, which includes discharge tubes of different diameters. The model was connected to the pumping and filling system, which allows varying the gas content and the working pressure. The discharge was excited in mixtures based on helium and neon. A technique has been obtained for the analytical calculation of current-voltage characteristics, based on taking into account the gas heating during discharge.
Correlations for Equilibrium Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous 4-(Diethylamino)-2-butanol Solutions (2011)

The experimental results of the equilibrium solubility of CO2 in aqueous 4-(diethylamino)-2-butanol (DEAB) solutions are reported over the temperature range of 298–333 K, CO2 partial pressure range of 10–100 kPa, and DEAB concentration range of 1–2.5 M. These results were then used to calculate, with the help of various thermodynamic models, the equilibrium solubility constant of CO2 in aqueous DEAB solutions as a function of various operating parameters. Subsequently, data for the chemical equilibrium constant that governs the CO2–DEAB–water reaction were fitted to the correlation models of Kent–Eisenberg, Austgen, Li–Shen, and Hu–Chakma and used to predict the equilibrium solubility as a function of temperature and CO2 partial pressure. The results show that these models did not represent the CO2 equilibrium solubility in aqueous DEAB solution very well, with absolute average deviations of 7.3%, 7.3%, 7.1%, and 8.3%, respectively.
Field Evaluation of a Single-Word Pronunciation Training System (2006)

Efter udviklingen af programmet den Digitale Udtaletræner (DUT) beregnet på indlæring af dansk enkeltordsudtale for immigranter, er applikationen blevet aftestet på en række sprogskoler og institutioner i Danmark. Indeværende artikel analyserer og søger at belyse de relevante data der er blevet genereret.<br/>
Free-radical reactions of halogenated bridged polycyclic compounds. Part III. The free-radical addition of alkanethiols, bromotrichloro-methane, and bromine to hexachloromethylenenorbornene (1967)

The addition of thiols to hexachloromethylenenorbornene is analogous to comparable additions to hexachloro-norbornadiene, and affords 2,3,4,5,5,6-endo-hexachloronorborn-2-en-1-ylmethyl alkyl sulphides as sole products. In contrast, the free-radical addition of bromotrichloromethane and of bromine yields 2-endo-bromo-1,2-exo-3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)nortricylene and 2-endo-bromo-1,2-exo-3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5- bromomethylnortricyclene, respectively. The formation of these products is discussed in terms of the various possible intermediate radicals.
Discovery of Selective LRRK2 Inhibitors Guided by Computational Analysis and Molecular Modeling (2012)

Mutations in the genetic sequence of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been linked to increased LRRK2 activity and risk for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Potent and selective small molecules capable of inhibiting the kinase activity of LRRK2 will be important tools for establishing a link between the kinase activity of LRRK2 and PD. In the absence of LRRK2 kinase domain crystal structures, a LRRK2 homology model was developed that provided robust guidance in the hit-to-lead optimization of small molecule LRRK2 inhibitors. Through a combination of molecular modeling, sequence analysis, and matched molecular pair (MMP) activity cliff analysis, a potent and selective lead inhibitor was discovered. The selectivity of this compound could be understood using the LRRK2 homology model, and application of this learning to a series of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitors in a scaffold hopping exercise led to the identification of highly potent and selective LRRK2 inhibitors that were also brain penetrable.
Broadband &amp; accurate multi-component RF sensing by photonic compressive sampling (2012)

We report for the first time the accurate recovery of as many as nine radio-frequency (RF) components with unknown carriers in the range of 5 to 10 GHz. The maximum error of frequency estimation is 49 kHz. With photonics-assisted compressive sampling (CS), the Nyquist bandwidth of the employed analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) is only one sixth of the RF band under monitoring, which is 826.75 MHz. The integrated downconversion of interested component shows enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be beneficial to further high-resolution digitizing and real-time processing.
Stabilized switchable “black state” in Mg2NiH4∕Ti∕Pd thin films for optical hydrogen sensing (2006)

A triple layer thin film (30nm Mg2Ni∕100nm Ti∕10nm Pd sputtered on glass) switches reversibly from a shiny metallic to a “black” state upon exposure to moderate hydrogen pressure (≈5.103Pa). This black state resembles that obtained in thick Mg2NiHx layers and has the great advantage of being stable and easily controlled. Both the reversible high optical contrast (Rreflective∕Rblack≈10 in the red wavelength range) and the fast kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption make this material interesting for applications as optical hydrogen sensors.
A Recovery Algorithm based on the Kaczmarz Algorithm and ADMM Splitting with Application to Convex Optimization in Magnetic Particle Imaging (2020)

This work introduces a strategy for the extension of the standard Kaczmarz algorithm, which is popular for solving very large inverse problems, to priors other than the commonly used Tikhonov regularization. The proposed reformulation of the algorithm allows us to include more sophisticated priors while inheriting the row-wise operation structure of the classical Kaczmarz algorithm. The new method is developed with help of the alternating direction method of multipliers. The results show that also with suboptimal alternating direction method of multiplier steps, the proposed algorithm is able to solve convex optimization problems with very high accuracy. Especially, on the relative young preclinical medical imaging modality of magnetic particle imaging, the algorithm demonstrates high convergence rates. When the underlying matrix nearly shows mutually orthogonal rows, which is observed in the field of magnetic particle imaging, very high convergence rates can be expected.
Microglia show differential transcriptomic response to Aβ peptide aggregates ex vivo and in vivo (2021)

Abstract Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a defining feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. To study microglial responses to Aβ, we applied exogenous Aβ peptide, in either oligomeric or fibrillar conformation, to primary mouse microglial cultures and evaluated system level transcriptional changes and then compared these to transcriptomic changes in the brains of CRND8 APP mice. We find that primary microglial cultures have rapid and massive transcriptional change to in response to Aβ. Transcriptomic responses to oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in primary microglia, though partially overlapping, are distinct and are not recapitulated in vivo where Aβ progressively accumulates. Furthermore, though classic immune mediators show massive transcriptional changes in the primary microglial cultures, these changes are not observed in the mouse model. Together, these data extend previous studies which demonstrate that microglia responses ex vivo are poor proxies for in vivo responses. Finally, these data demonstrate the potential utility of using microglia as biosensors of different aggregate conformation, as the transcriptional responses to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ can be distinguished.