gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Polarization Instability & Modulational Gain in Optical Fiber (1989)

When birefringence induced via the optical Kerr effect in a weakly birefringent fiber is comparable to the natural fiber birefringence, polarization instability and asymmetry between the fast and slow fiber axes arise. A signature of the instability is that small changes in input intensity may result in large changes in intensity transmitted through a crossed polarizer at the fiber exit, leading to the possibility of substantial amplitude modulation (AM) gain. We use linearly polarized light with 15% amplitude modulation from a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser to make the first direct observations of both AM gain and the asymmetry. A polarizer which nulls the fiber output at low power serves as the analyzer. A fully modulated output beam may be obtained for an input near the fast axis, leading to an AM gain of 6. Theoretically, AM gain may be as high as 10 for a less modulated input beam. Light aligned near the fast axis also undergoes significant pulse shaping. At low peak power, the transmitted pulse is flat-topped. With increasing peak power, the central portion is transmitted more strongly than the wings. Substantial pulse narrowing is observed at high peak power. For light aligned near the slow axis neither significant pulse shaping nor AM gain is observed. The experimental results show excellent qualitative agreement with the theory.
Magnetic Structural Studies of the Two Polymorphs of Li3Fe2(PO4)3:  Analysis of the Magnetic Ground State from Super-Super Exchange Interactions (2001)

The nuclear and magnetic structures of the monoclinic (P21/n, A-LFP) and rhombohedral (R3̄ B-LFP) forms of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 have been solved by using powder neutron diffraction at room temperature and 1.5 K on polycrystalline samples. Both structures are built on [Fe2(PO4)3] ‘lantern units' that are connected in a different way for each form. Measurements by a superconducting quantum interference device reveal a global antiferromagnetic behavior with ordering temperatures of 25 and 23 K for the A and B forms, respectively. Both magnetic structures, determined from symmetry analysis and Rietveld refinements of neutron diffraction data recorded at 1.5 K are collinear. The magnetic moments are perpendicular to [001] in both structures. The obtained magnetic moments are 4.7 and 3.9 μB per iron atom for the A form (ferrimagnetic ordering of the two iron sublattices) and 4.7 μB for the NASICON (B-LFP) form. The Fe atoms are oriented antiparallel within the [Fe2(PO4)3] lantern units, while parallel orientation takes place between Fe atoms that do not belong to the same [Fe2(PO4)3] lantern unit. Using numerical calculations we have established a magnetic phase diagram and determined the necessary constraints to be satisfied by the values of the exchange interactions to obtain the observed magnetic structures as the ground state.
[Development of recombinant human-derived IgG antibody against HBsAg]. (2004)

It can be concluded preliminarily that this antibody has neutralizing characteristic against HbsAg.
Prognostic Significance of Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2009)

The degree of DE detected by DE-MRI appears to strongly predict all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation after adjustment for traditional, well-known prognosticators.
Novel approach of pulsed-glow discharge wall conditioning in the ADITYA Upgrade tokamak (2019)

In the ADITYA Upgrade tokamak, glow discharge wall conditioning (GDC) is performed regularly during the high-temperature plasma operation cycle using hydrogen (H) and helium (He) gases. H GDC is carried out after long durations (few hours) of plasma operations on every plasma operation day in automatic mode to control oxygen (O) and carbon (C) containing impurities. This leads to high retention of H gas on graphite limiter plates and stainless steel (SS) vessel walls. Subsequently, the high outgassing of H requires a prolonged pumping time and high H recycling during plasma discharges affects the plasma performance in respect to H fueling control of the plasma. To overcome the above-mentioned issues with continuous H GDC for longer durations, a new approach involving pulsed glow discharge wall conditioning (P-GDC) has been introduced in the ADITYA-U tokamak to reduce the residual H and He concentration in SS vessel walls and graphite limiter plates. To facilitate the fast initiation of a discharge in the case of P-GDC, a source of free electrons from a hot filament has been introduced in the vessel. A fast feedback controlled pulsed-gas-fueling system has been developed to initiate a glow discharge in each gas-feed pulse at various operating pressures from 1 × 10−4 Torr to 10−3 Torr in the presence of an applied DC voltage. The different P-GDC experiments have been carried out with H, He and argon as the working gases and the results are compared with traditional continuous GDC. The P-GDC experiments have been optimized to provide beneficial wall conditioning for plasma operations. In this paper, the design, development and operation of P-GDC has been described along with the preliminary studies of its effect on the measured impurity line radiation during a plasma discharge.
Fouling- and Chlorine-Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes Fabricated from Charged Zwitterionic Amphiphilic Copolymers (2022)

New polymer chemistries are urgently needed to develop nanofiltration (NF) membranes with improved fouling and chlorine resistance. This work introduces charged zwitterionic amphiphilic copolymers (CZACs), self-assembling terpolymers that spontaneously form a network of ∼1–2 nm hydrophilic nanochannels composed of zwitterionic and acidic/ ionizable building blocks. We leverage CZAC self-assembly to develop membrane filters with anionic nanopores, thereby enabling enhanced salt rejection through Donnan exclusion (R(Na2SO4) = 93.6% at 5 mM). The CZAC membranes demonstrate hydraulic permeability comparable to commercial nanofiltration membranes (0.86 – 2.3 L μm m–2 h–1 bar–1), exceptional fouling resistance, and a high level of chlorine tolerance (32 000 ppm·h), addressing key performance limitations of current NF membranes.
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana (2010)

Valine, leucine and isoleucine form the small group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) classified by their small branched hydrocarbon residues. Unlike animals, plants are able to de novo synthesize these amino acids from pyruvate, 2-oxobutanoate and acetyl-CoA. In plants, biosynthesis follows the typical reaction pathways established for the formation of these amino acids in microorganisms. Val and Ile are synthesized in two parallel pathways using a single set of enzymes. The pathway to Leu branches of from the final intermediate of Val biosynthesis. The formation of this amino acid requires a three-step pathway generating a 2-oxoacid elongated by a methylene group. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae, a homologous three-step pathway is also involved in Met chain elongation required for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, an important class of specialized metabolites in Brassicaceae. This is a prime example for the evolutionary relationship of pathways from primary and specialized metabolism. Similar to animals, plants also have the ability to degrade BCAAs. The importance of BCAA turnover has long been unclear, but now it seems apparent that the breakdown process might by relevant under certain environmental conditions. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about BCAA metabolism, its regulation and its particular features in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A Single-channel BSS Method Based on ICEEMDAN and FastICA and Its Application in EMI Analysis (2019)

In the field of electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has always been a difficult problem for researchers. In order to achieve accurate separation of single-channel EMI signal, this paper proposes a one-stop method based on ICEEMDAN and FastICA. Firstly, the ICEEMDAN algorithm is used to extract several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from a single-channel mixture. Secondly, the multi-dimensional signals are reconstructed according to the IMFs and the original aliasing signal and separated by the FastICA algorithm. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is proved by experiments. Compared with the existing methods, it has better separation effect, which provides a reference for solving EMI problems.
A fluorometric method for the estimation of tyrosine in plasma and tissues. (1957)

The reaction between 1-nitroso-2-naphthol and tyrosine, under suitable conditions, yields a yellow product which has been utilized for the colorimetric estimation of tyrosine in biologic material. It has now been found that the nitrosonaphthol derivative of tyrosine fluoresces. Measurement of the fluorescence of this derivative endows the procedure of Undenfriend and Cooper with greater sensitivity and specificity than was obtained in their original colorimetric method. In this report, the fluorometric method is used to determine the amount of tyrosine in plasma from fasting patients with different disease states, as compared to the amount of the amino acid found in the plasma of normal fasting controls. A few of the patients selected had diseases in which it was thought that an alteration in tyrosine metabolism might occur. The survey is not intended as a critical analysis of tyrosine plasma levels, but rather to demonstrate the method and its application.
Chemorheology and properties of a thermoset PU/clay nanocomposite system (2005)

Understanding the chemorheology of a nanocomposite system is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the processability and structure-property relationships for the system. The chemorheology and properties of a PU/clay nanocomposite system comprising organically modified clay were investigated. An optimum [NCO]/[OH] ratio showing a maximum tensile strength was determined for the PU system. The effect of clay content on the tensile strength of the PU/clay nanocomposite was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the polymerization kinetics of the PU/clay nanocomposite system. The polymerization rate of the PU/clay nanocomposite system was faster than neat PU system. The rheological property change during isothermal and dynamic polymerization of the PU/clay nanocomposite system was monitored using a parallel plate rheometer, and used to analyze chemorheology of the system. The glass transition temperatures of the PU/clay nanocomposites were determined by thermomechanical analysis. The thermal decomposition behavior of the PU/clay nanocomposites was measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Structural analyses of the PU/clay nanocomposite were performed by X-ray diffractometer and transmission electronic microscope. The gelation time of the PU/clay nanocomposite system was shorter than neat PU system.
Editorial: Emerging Frontiers in Ecological Stoichiometry (2019)

EDITORIAL article Front. Ecol. Evol., 05 December 2019Sec. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00463
The Nature of Selection on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (1997)

Only natural selection can account for the extreme genetic diversity of genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although the structure and function of classic MHC genes is well understood at the molecular and cellular levels, there is controversy about how MHC diversity is selectively maintained. The diversifying selection can be driven by pathogen interactions and inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Pathogen-driven selection can maintain MHC polymorphism based on heterozygote advantage or frequency-dependent selection due to pathogen evasion of MHC-dependent immune recognition. Empirical evidence demonstrates that specific MHC haplotypes are resistant to certain infectious agents, while susceptible to others. These data are consistent with both heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent models. Additional research is needed to discriminate between these mechanisms. Infectious agents can precipitate autoimmunity and can potentially contribute to MHC diversity through molecular mimicry and by favoring immunodominance. MHC-dependent abortion and mate choice, based on olfaction, can also maintain MHC diversity and probably functions both to avoid genome-wide inbreeding and produce MHC-heterozygous offspring with increased immune responsiveness. Although this diverse set of hypotheses are often treated as competing alternatives, we believe that they all fit into a coherent, internally consistent thesis. It is likely that at least in some species, all of these mechanisms operate, leading to the extreme diversification found in MHC genes.
A 400MSPS 8b flash AD conversion LSI (1987)

This report will disclose a 18GHz f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> bipolar technology which has been used to design a 400MSPS A-D converter with a 2.7W power consumption. The SNR is 40dB and a 100MHz input frequency results in a 10ps sampling jitter.
Targeting the 5T4 oncofetal glycoprotein with an antibody drug conjugate (A1mcMMAF) improves survival in patient-derived xenograft models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2017)

Outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is prognosticated from levels of minimal residual disease after remission induction therapy. Higher levels of minimal residual disease are associated with inferior results even with intensification of therapy, thus suggesting that identification and targeting of minimal residual disease cells could be a therapeutic strategy. Here we identify high expression of 5T4 in subclonal populations of patient-derived xenografts from patients with high, post-induction levels of minimal residual disease. 5T4-positive cells showed preferential ability to overcome the NOD-<i>scid</i>IL2Rγ<sup>null</sup> mouse xenograft barrier, migrated <i>in vitro</i> on a CXCL12 gradient, preferentially localized to bone marrow <i>in vivo</i> and displayed the ability to reconstitute the original clonal composition on limited dilution engraftment. Treatment with A1mcMMAF (a 5T4-antibody drug conjugate) significantly improved survival without overt toxicity in mice engrafted with a 5T4-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Mice engrafted with 5T4-positive patient-derived xenograft cells were treated with combination chemotherapy or dexamethasone alone and then given A1mcMMAF in the minimal residual disease setting. Combination chemotherapy was toxic to NOD-<i>scid</i>IL2Rγ<sup>null</sup> mice. While dexamethasone or A1mcMMAF alone improved outcomes, the sequential administration of dexamethasone and A1mcMMAF significantly improved survival (<i>P</i>=0.0006) over either monotherapy. These data show that specifically targeting minimal residual disease cells improved outcomes and support further investigation of A1mcMMAF in patients with high-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia identified by 5T4 expression at diagnosis.
Dose dense gemcitabine/epirubicin (GE) followed sequentially by dose dense docetaxel (Doc) as primary systemic therapy (PST) of patients (pts) with early breast cancer (BC): First results of a phase I/II trial (2004)

734 Background/Methods: We have conducted a monocentric phase I/II trial to define maximum tolerated dose, safety and efficacy of five cycles GE administered every two weeks (q2wks) followed by four cycles Doc q2wks as PST in early BC. Pegylated filgrastim was given prophylactically. Results: From 7/03 to 11/03 thirty one pts with biopsy proven primary invasive BC T2–4 N0–2 M0 have been enrolled. Patient and tumor characteristics were [median(range)]: age 47 years (29–64); sonographically assessed tumor size: 4,0 cm (2,1 to >10); N0/N+/not available (na): 16/7/8 pts; grading 1/2/3/na: 1/8/12/10 pts; hormone receptor positive/negative/na: 15/7/9 pts; Her2/neu (Dako™) ≤2+/3+/na: 15/7/9 pts. Pts were treated with G at 1250 mg/m2 in combination with escalating dose levels of E at 90 mg/m2 (n=14) and 100 mg/m2 (n=17), respectively. Only two dose limiting toxicities occured after GE (one grade 3 fatigue at dose level 1, one febrile neutropenia at dose level 2). Median relative dose intensity amounted to 100%. Considering 97 evaluable cycles of GE the only grade 3/4 hematological toxicity was leukopenia which occured in 1%/1% of cycles. Besides alopecia most severe non-hematological toxicities were grade 3 fatigue in 3% and grade 3 stomatitis in 2% of cycles. Among 13 pts evaluable so far for clinical response 7 pts (54%) achieved at least a partial remission after GE as assessed by ultrasound. During the following treatment with Doc 100 mg/m2 q2wks any of the first ten pts required dose reduction after the first or second cycle due to grade 3 fatigue (9 pts) and/or grade 3 skin toxicity (4 pts). Therefore, escalation of epirubicin dose was stopped and Doc dose was reduced to 80 mg/m2. Conclusions: As no further dose reductions were necessary among the following pts so far the recommended schedule for the phase II part of the study was fixed at five cycles GE 1250/100 mg/m2 q2wks followed by four cycles Doc 80 mg/m2 q2wks. The trial is ongoing and updated results on toxicity and response will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Molecular cloning of leukotactin-1: a novel human beta-chemokine, a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and a potent agonist at CC chemokine receptors 1 and 3 (1997)

A new member of human beta-chemokine cDNA was isolated and named leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1). Lkn-1, along with murine macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein-1 and -2, defines a subgroup of beta-chemokines based on two conserved cysteines in addition to the four others conserved in all beta-chemokines. The putative mature Lkn-1 is composed of 92 amino acids with a calculated m.w. of 10,162. The Lkn-1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 17, region q12. Recombinant Lkn-1 was a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes and induced calcium flux in these cells. Lkn-1 specifically induced calcium flux in CCR1- and CCR3-expressing HOS cell lines. Lkn-1 suppressed colony formation by human granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential progenitor cells stimulated by combinations of growth factors. Hence, we have isolated and characterized a human C6 beta-chemokine that is a potent agonist at CCR1 and CCR3 and shows broad biologic activities, including leukocyte chemoattraction.
Novel derivatives of fusarochromanone: potential therapeutic compounds (2007)

3975 Fusarochromanone (FC-101a) is a flavinoid produced by the mold, Fusarium equiseti. FC-101a induces tibial dyschondroplasia in young chickens. This activity is the result of powerful anti-angiogenic activity, whereby mold growing on chicken feed produces FC-101a, which inhibits the growth of blood vessels in the developing bones of broiler chicks. FC-101a has an IC50 of 50 nM against human microvascular endothelial cells. Thus it could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent in man as well. It was later discovered that FC-101a also acts directly on cancer cells. The molecule9s anti-cancer potency is best demonstrated by IC50 values of less than 10 nM against both human melanoma and small cell lung cancer in vitro for the induction of apoptosis. Thus, we viewed FC-101a to be an excellent lead candidate for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Further development of this lead compound as a drug requires that we undertake its total synthesis and a set of new FC-101a analogs that possess similar in vitro activity, but also manifest greater activity in vivo. Our research group has synthesized a number of novel analogs of FC101a and conducted a series of preliminary assays to determine the effect of these analogs on cell viability. We have analyzed human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells (SRB12-p9 cell line) and a clone of SRB12-p9 cells that has been stably transfected with a dominant-negative acting form of Stat3 (p9 dn5), human keratinocyte-derived cells (HaCaT cell line), and human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 cell line). Surprisingly, most of the FC101a analogs caused an increase in cell viability for all cell lines as determined by the MTT cell viability assay, compared to untreated controls. A time course of treatment of HaCaT cells with 10_M of FC101a analogs further confirmed the positive effect on cell viability. For the seven analogs tested we observed a time dependent increase in cell number for up to 4 days, ranging from 29.8% to 66.7%. Experiments are in progress to determine the mechanism of the enhanced cell viability effect. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and apoptosis assays are underway to determine the relative contribution of increased proliferation and/or decreased cell death to the enhanced cell numbers observed for treated cells. In addition, we are exploring the potential anti-angiogenic effect of the analogs.
IoT-enabled multimodal sensing headwear system (2018)

With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, wearable devices and solutions aim to resolve unmet needs from military, automotive to healthcare domains. Particularly, there are growing interests in wearable Brain Computer Interface (BCI) from both commercial and research applications. Still uphill challenges lie ahead to bring such BCI technologies to mass market due to lack of technical, usability and application aspects. To fill these gaps, this paper presents design, development and evaluation of an IoT-enabled multimodal headwear system, iMESH. Our solution senses user's neural, physiological and physical states through direct measurements and derives health parameters. We then developed driving fatigue assessment application as exemplar to illustrate applicability and feasibility of the proposed solution. Initial results are promising and with ongoing development on methodologies, we are hoping to further develop and validate iMESH functionalities in different applications.
A centralized approach for representing and resolving interactions among multi-agent tasks while planning hierarchically (2002)

The advantages of hierarchical planning for construction projects and the difficulties associated with implementing hierarchical planning systems using artificial intelligence techniques are described. Needed extensions to a state-of-the-art AI planning system are identified and its subsequent hierarchical planning capabilities are demonstrated on an example project. The system for interactive planning and execution (SIPE) is a powerful, domain-independent planning system, augmented with frame representation and deductive capabilities. However, its heuristics for plan generation initially failed to meet the requirements of hierarchical planning in the construction domain. Two key limitations in the original SIPE planner are identified and corrected. First, SIPE was unable to consider all possible orderings among parallel branches and therefore was unable to solve problems with mutual interaction among parallel subplans. Second, SIPE provided only a limited representation language for problems that involve coordinating the tasks of several different agents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of candidate gene variants of monogenic diabetes using targeted panel sequencing in early onset diabetes patients (2021)

Using a targeted gene sequencing panel, we identified seven variants in either MODY genes or mitochondrial DNA using a Korean patient population with early onset diabetes who were clinically suspected of MODY. This genetic approach provides the ability to compare distinct populations of racial and ethnic groups to determine whether specific gene is involved in their diagnosis of MODY.