gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of Achilles tendon with a collagen tendon prosthesis. Results of a one-year implantation study. (1991)

We previously reported on the short-term biocompatibility of a reconstituted type-I collagen prosthesis that had been tested in the Achilles tendons of rabbits. Preliminary results indicated that, by ten weeks after implantation, carbodiimide-cross-linked implants had been replaced by neotendon in a manner that was similar to that of autogenous tendon grafts that had been used as controls. Also by ten weeks after implantation, glutaraldehyde-cross-linked collagen implants were encapsulated and appeared to have caused an acute inflammatory response. In the present study, carbodiimide and glutaraldehyde-cross-linked collagen implants and autogenous grafts that served as controls were implanted for fifty-two weeks as a replacement for a three-centimeter section of the Achilles tendon of rabbits. The absence of a crimp in a cross-linked implant and the presence of a crimp in normal tendon and in tendon that formed after an implant had been resorbed made it possible to distinguish between a cross-linked implant and new host tendon that had replaced the implant after it was resorbed. New collagen that had replaced the implant and autogenous (control) tendon graft were compared with normal Achilles tendon with respect to the angle and length of the crimp. The autogenous grafts and the carbodiimide-cross-linked collagen implants had been completely resorbed and replaced by neotendon. The neotendon that was present fifty-two weeks after implantation was similar, but not identical, to normal tendon. In contrast, the glutaraldehyde-cross-linked implant was essentially inert, had not been resorbed, and was surrounded by a capsule of collagenous connective tissue. The neotendon in the capsule was also similar, but not identical, to normal tendon. There were more cells in the capsule than in the autogenous grafts or in the carbodiimide-cross-linked implants. The results of the present study indicate that rapid repair is achieved with a carbodiimide-cross-linked collagenous implant that has a structure and mechanical properties that are similar to those of an autogenous tendon graft and that biodegrades at a similar rate. Prolonged biodegradation of a glutaraldehyde-cross-linked collagenous implant results in formation of a capsule and only limited formation of neotendon.
Heterocyclic Synthesis via Enaminones: Novel Synthesis of (1H)‐Pyridin‐2‐one, Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and Isoxazole Derivatives Incorporating a N‐Methylphthalimide and Their Biological Evaluation. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
PTH-109 Real Life Data on Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir + Ribavirin for 12 Weeks in Genotype 3 Patients in The North East of Scotland (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There are robust data from clinical trials supporting the use of the combination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir (sof/ledip) in patients with Genotype 1 HCV infection with expected SVR rates of &gt;90%. Data on the success rates of this combination for the treatment of patient with Genotype 3 infection are less robust. Our aim was to examine the SVR rates when using this combination in a “real life’ setting in patients with Genotype 3 infection. <h3>Methods</h3> Local guidelines from December 2014 to November 2015 advised the use of the combination of sof/ledip along with ribavirin for 12 weeks for patients with Genotype 3 HCV infection who were interferon intolerant or ineligible. During this period, data was collected prospectively on all patients commenced this regimen. Fibrosis F3 was defined as fibroscan &gt;9 kPa, cirrhosis was defined as a fibroscan &gt;12.5 kPa or confirmed on liver biopsy. <h3>Results</h3> In total 26 patients with genotype 3 infection received treatment with sof/ledip plus ribavirin for 12 weeks. Of the 26 patients, 21 (81%) were male. The average age was 53 (range 38–68). Mean fibroscan score was 18.7 kPa (range 4.8–63.9). Table 1 describes the fibroscan score distribution. The majority (17/26) (65%) of patients were treatment naive. Opiate substitution therapy was prescribed in 5/26 (19%). SVR 4 data is available in 25 patients (22/25, 88%) and SVR 12 available in 21 patients (17/21, 81%). Figure 1 shows SVR data for those with and without cirrhosis, SVR was 100% in those without cirrhosis. One patient died of end stage liver disease at week 3 on treatment but all others have completed the prescribed course of treatment. One patient is HCV RNA negative at the end of treatment but not yet 4 weeks post treatment. The 3 patients who did not achieve SVR 12 were all cirrhotic with a history of hepatic decompensation, 2 treatment naive and 1 treatment experienced. Intention to treat analysis of SVR 12 for all patients will be available by the time of presentation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There are limited options for all oral therapy to treat patients with Genotype 3 HCV infection. Our data demonstrates that the combination of sof/ledip with ribavirin is well tolerated with few side effects. All patients without cirrhosis completed the planned treatment regimen and obtained viral clearance. As a result of emerging data and our experience of a lower SVR rate in patients with cirrhosis, our guideline has been adapted to using alternative therapies as first line in patients with Genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis. We keep our guidelines for the treatment of patients without cirrhosis under review while awaiting analysis of the full dataset and further drug developments <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Magnetically guided non-invasive CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA delivery across blood-brain barrier to eradicate latent HIV-1 infection (2019)

CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA exhibits therapeutic efficacy against latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome but the delivery of this therapeutic cargo to the brain remains as a challenge. In this research, for the first time, we demonstrated magnetically guided non-invasive delivery of a nano-formulation (NF), composed of Cas9/gRNA bound with magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs), across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to inhibit latent HIV-1 infection in microglial (hμglia)/HIV (HC69) cells. An optimized ac-magnetic field of 60 Oe was applied on NF to release Cas9/gRNA from MENPs surface and to facilitate NF cell uptake resulting in intracellular release and inhibition of HIV. The outcomes suggested that developed NF reduced HIV-LTR expression significantly in comparison to unbound Cas9/gRNA in HIV latent hμglia/HIV (HC69) cells. These findings were also validated qualitatively using fluorescence microscopy to assess NF efficacy against latent HIV in the microglia cells. We believe that CNS delivery of NF (CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA-MENPs) across the BBB certainly will have clinical utility as future personalized nanomedicine to manage neuroHIV/AIDS.
OLAP over imprecise data with domain constraints (2007)

Several recent papers have focused on OLAP over imprecise data, where each fact can be a region, instead of a point, in a multidimensional space. They have provided a multiple-world semantics for such data, and developed efficient ways to answer OLAP aggregation queries over the imprecise facts. These solutions, however, assume that the imprecise facts can be interpreted independently of one another, a key assumption that is often violated in practice. Indeed, imprecise facts in real-world applications are often correlated, and such correlations can be captured as domain integrity constraints (e.g., repairs with the same customer names and models took place in the same city, or a text span can refer to a person or a city, but not both). In this paper we provide a framework for answering OLAP aggregation queries over imprecise data in the presence of such domain constraints. We first describe a relatively simple yet powerful constraint language, and formalize what it means to take into account such constraints in query answering. Next, we prove that OLAP queries can be answered efficiently given a database D ∗ of fact marginals. We then exploit the regularities in the constraint space (captured in a constraint hypergraph) and the fact space to efficiently construct D∗. We present extensive experiments over real-world and synthetic data to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Numerical Analysis of Surface Oscillation of a Levitated Droplet Using Particle Method (2009)

In this paper, the effect of the surface oscillations of a levitated droplet subject to electromagnetic and external forces, and modeled as a 3D mesh-free fluid particles system, is considered. The droplet was analyzed in a force field, which was derived from the magnetic field produced by the coil. The electromagnetic force was continuously updated with the shape and position change. To describe the fluid motion, the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method. A numerical model based on MPS method was developed, the equations of motion were solved, the free surface of the droplet was approximated, the interface reconstructed and the oscillations frequency spectra analyzed. Two weight functions are considered and their performance compared in order to to improve the stability of MPS method.
Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Lipid-Coated Cisplatin Nanoparticles for Efficient and Safe Cancer Therapy (2018)

Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent, but its systemic toxicity and side effects severely limit its clinical use. We report a microneedle technique to mediate the transdermal delivery of lipid-coated cisplatin nanoparticles (LCC-NPs) for efficient and safe cancer therapy. Cisplatin was encapsulated by tumor-targeting pH-responsive lipid nanoparticles with a high loading rate of 80%, and the encapsulation substantially increased the solubility of cisplatin and enhanced its antitumor efficiency in vitro. The LCC-NPs were embedded in dissolvable microneedles, and released from the microneedles after inserting into the skin. This enabled the nanoparticles to pass the stratum corneum for safe local delivery. An in vivo study with a xenograft tumor animal model demonstrated that microneedle arrays loaded with cisplatin nanoparticles significantly increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cancer cells with an apoptotic index of 58.6%, resulting in significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. Moreover, serum platinum, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity were not detected in vivo, indicating that this technique is biosafe. The cisplatin-nanoparticle microneedle system developed in this study may offer promising opportunities in cancer therapy for enhancing antitumor effects and reducing systemic toxicity and side effects.
Load Scheduling Strategies for Parallel DNA Sequencing Applications (2009)

This paper studies a divisible load scheduling strategy with near-optimal processing time leveraging the computational characteristics of parallel DNA sequence alignment algorithms, specifically, the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. Following the divisible load scheduling theory, an efficient load scheduling strategy is designed in large-scale networks so that the overall processing time of the sequencing tasks is minimized. In this study, the load distribution depends on the length of the sequence and number of processors in the network. Since we consider both of computation and communication overheads, the total processing time is also affected by communication link speed. Several cases have been considered in the study by varying the sequences, communication and computation speeds, and number of processors. Through simulation and numerical analysis, this study demonstrates that for a constant sequence length as the numbers of processors increase in the network the processing time for the job decreases and minimum overall processing time is achieved.
Democracy's Lawyer: Felix Grundy of the Old Southwest (2011)

In 1940 Joseph Howard Parks published the biography Felix Grundy, Champion of Democracy. His purpose was to rescue his subject from obscurity, but the resulting portrait was not altogether flattering. Felix Grundy was a decent enough man, with a keen sense of humor and a considerable appetite for the game of politics. He had some impact on developments at critical points in the nation's history, most notably on the War of 1812, the politics of debt relief during the Panic of 1819, the Nullification Crisis, and the bank war of the 1830s. He also had a career as a judge and attorney. Although Grundy was a committed Democrat, Parks was unable to find any unifying themes or principles in his career. He had initially supported the creation of the national bank, which he later helped destroy, and he was sympathetic to theories of nullification before he assisted Andrew Jackson in thwarting the schemes of John C. Calhoun. In short, Grundy seemed to be a wholly political animal and little could be discovered about his family and private life.
Bond strengths in first-row-metal carbonyl anions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBond strengths in first-row-metal carbonyl anionsL. S. Sunderlin, Dingneng Wang, and Robert R. SquiresCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 25, 12060–12070Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00078a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00078a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views548Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inverse Lighting for Photography (1997)

We introduce a technique for improving photographs using inverse lighting, a new process based on algorithms developed in computer graphics for computing the reflection of light in 3D space. From a photograph and a 3D surface model for the object pictured, inverse lighting estimates the directional distribution of the incident light. We then use this information to process the photograph digitally to alter the lighting on the object.Inverse lighting is a specific example of the general idea of inverse rendering. This refers to the practice of using the methods of computer graphics, which normally are used to render images from scene information, to infer scene information from images. Our system uses physically based rendering technology to construct a linear least squares system that we solve to find the lighting. As an application, the results are then used to simulate a change in the incident light in the photograph.An implementation is described that uses 3D models from a laser range scanner and photographs from a high-resolution color CCD camera. We demonstrate the system on a simple test object and a human face.
[Magnetic resonance imaging of laryngeal cancer]. (1996)

MRI data of twenty-four cases of laryngeal cancer were analysed and compared with the findings of postsurgical pathology. The results revealed that MRI could clearly demonstrate the three dimensional representations of tumor pathology, and correctly depict invasion of paraglottic space (PGS), and preepiglottic space (PES), and precisely display involvement of laryngeal cartilage by cancer. It was considered that MRI was of great importance in determining appropriate therapy for laryngeal cancer.
An antisense/target RNA duplex or a strong intramolecular RNA structure 5' of a translation initiation signal blocks ribosome binding: the case of plasmid R1. (1996)

Antisense RNAs in prokaryotic systems often inhibit translation of mRNAs. In some cases, this involves sequestration of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences and start codons. In other cases, antisense/target RNA duplexes do not overlap these signals, but form upstream. We have performed toeprinting analyses on repA mRNA of plasmid R1, both free and in duplex with the antisense RNA, CopA. An intermolecular RNA duplex 2 nt upstream of the tap SD prevents ribosome binding. An intrastrand stem-loop at this location yields the same inhibition. Thus, stable secondary structures immediately upstream of the tap SD sequence inhibit translation, as shown by toeprinting in vitro and repA-lacZ expression in vivo. Previous work showed that repA (initiator protein) expression requires tap (leader peptide) translation. Toeprinting data confirm that the tap ribosome binding site (RBS) is accessible, whereas the repA RBS, which is sequestered by a stable stem-loop, is weakly recognized by the ribosome. Truncated CopA RNA (CopI) is unable to pair completely with target RNA, but proceeds normally to a kissing intermediate. This mutant RNA species inhibits repA expression in vivo. By a kinetic toeprint inhibition protocol, we have shown that the structure of the kissing complex is sufficient to sterically prevent ribosome binding. These results are discussed in comparison with the effect of RNA structures elsewhere in the ribosome-binding region of an mRNA.
Keyjacking: Risks of the Current Client-side Infrastructure (2003)

In theory, PKI can provide a flexible and strong way to authenticate users in distributed information systems. In practice, much is being invested in realizing this vision via tools such as client-side SSL and browser-based keystores. Exploring this vision, we demonstrate that browsers will use personal certificates to authenticate requests that the person neither knew of nor approved (in some scenarios, direct migration from password-based systems to clientside SSL makes things worse). We also demonstrate the easy permeability of these keystores, including new attacks on medium and high-security IE/XP keys. We suggest some short-term countermeasures. However, against this background, it is not clear that the current client-side infrastructure can achieve the PKI vision. A fundamental rethinking of the trust, usage, and storage model might result in more effective tools for building a PKI. 1
Author response: A bacteriophage endolysin that eliminates intracellular streptococci (2016)

Streptococcus pyogenes is the bacterium that causes throat infections and other serious infections in humans. Antibiotics such as penicillin are used to treat active infections, but so-called “strep throat infections” often return after treatment. This is because S. pyogenes can enter the cells that line the throat and hide from the antibiotics, which cannot enter the throat cells. Endolysins are enzymes produced by viruses that attack bacteria, and these enzymes target and destroy the bacterial cell wall. A previous study revealed that an endolysin known as PlyC could destroy S. pyogenes bacteria on contact. PlyC and other endolysins have the potential to act as alternatives to common antibiotics, but before these enzymes can be developed as therapeutics, it is important to understand how they interact with human host cells. Like antibiotics, the PlyC endolysin was not expected to enter throat cells. However, Shen, Barros et al. have now discovered that not only can PlyC enter throat cells, it can essentially chase down and kill S. pyogenes that are hiding inside. Other similar enzymes could not act in this way, and further studies confirmed that PlyC could move around inside a throat cell without causing it damage. Shen, Barros et al. also determined that PlyC has a pocket on its surface that binds with a specific component of the throat cell membrane, a molecule called phosphatidylserine. This interaction – which is a bit like a lock and key – grants PlyC access into the cell. While it is clear that PlyC eventually kills S. pyogenes hiding inside throat cells, future experiments will aim to determine how PlyC moves around once inside an infected throat cell. Together, an understanding of how an endolysin enters cells and destroys hiding S. pyogenes will contribute to the development of endolysins with broader activity, which can be used as alternatives to common antibiotics.
Purification and Further Characterization of Enteropeptidase from Porcine Duodenum (1999)

Enteropeptidase [EC 3.4.21.9] is a membrane-bound serine endopeptidase present in the duodenum that converts trypsinogen to trypsin. We previously cloned the cDNA of the porcine enzyme and deduced its entire amino acid sequence [M. Matsushima et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 19976-19982]. In the present study, we purified the porcine enzyme approximately 2,200-fold in a 12% yield from a duodenal mucosal extract to apparent homogeneity by an improved procedure comprising four steps of chromatography including benzamidine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Lectin blotting analysis suggested that the enzyme is glycosylated mainly with N-linked carbohydrate chains of the tri- and/or tetraantennary complex type. The H and L chains of the enzyme were separated into two major bands upon SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, suggesting that the enzyme mainly comprises two isoforms, a higher molecular weight form and a lower molecular weight form. The enzyme was also separated by lectin affinity chromatography into two major fractions, named isoforms I and II, which corresponded to the higher and lower molecular weight forms, respectively. These two isoforms appeared to be different only in the carbohydrate moiety, having essentially the same enzymatic properties. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8.0 toward Gly-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-beta-naphthylamide, and was inhibited strongly by various serine proteinase inhibitors. Furthermore, it was also strongly inhibited by E-64 [L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamide-(4-guanido)-butane], a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Substrate specificity studies involving various synthetic peptides indicated that acidic residues at the P2, P3, and/or P4 positions are especially favorable for maximal activity, but are not absolutely necessary, at least in the cases of peptide substrates.
Low-Cost GPS Receivers and Their Feasibility for Attitude Determination (2002)

This paper investigates the accuracy of low-cost versus high-cost/high quality receivers for attitude determination. Low to high cost antennas are interfaced with low-cost receivers to assess the performance of attitude determination in real-time using configurations of two to four receivers. The time to solution (ambiguity resolution time) is used as an assessment parameter. An accumulated solution, which uses measurements over a user selectable time interval in a sequential least squares solution is used to assess accuracy performance versus accumulation time in a static environment. Various inter-antenna distances and antenna configurations are investigated. Static and kinematic tests using hardwarein-the-loop simulations are conducted to assess accuracy performance without antenna effects (carrier phase multipath and phase centre stability). The low cost receiver type used in these investigations is the CMC Electronics Allstar. Comparisons are made with two high-grade receivers, namely a NovAtel Beeline, and Novatel OEM4 units. The hardware-in-the-loop simulations are conducted with a Spirent GSS STR 4760 simulator.