gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-solid-state self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (1994)

An all-solid-state self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is described. This laser was pumped by a diode-laser-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubled cw Nd:YLF minilaser and produced femtosecond pulses for pump powers as low as 500 mW.
The Certification of the Identity of Individual Sterols in Three BCR Oil and Fat Reference Materials by GC‐MS (1993)

Abstract The sterols of three Reference Materials: a vegetable oil (RM162: a mixture of Soya oil and Maize oil) and two animal fats (RM163: a blend of Pig and Beef fats and RM164: Milkfat) were identified by GC‐MS in two experienced laboratories. The techniques used were practically the same nevertheless, Lab. 1 and 2 used respectively an HPLC and a classical TLC method to isolate the sterols from the unsaponifiable matter. Many minor components were detectable when the high efficient HPLC fractionation technique was used but the only molecules similarly identified by the two Labs were considered for the certification of sterol identities. In this article, we present the results of the certification study together with the interpretation of mass spectra.
Handoff algorithm for mobile satellite systems with ancillary terrestrial component (2012)

This paper presents a locally optimal handoff algorithm for integrated satellite/ground communication systems. We derive the handoff decision function and present the results in the form of tradeoff curves between the number of handoffs and the number of link degradation events in a given distance covered by the mobile user. This is a practical receiver-controlled handoff algorithm that optimizes the handoff process from a user perspective based on the received signal strength rather than from a network perspective.
Apparent resistivity curves in controlled-source electromagnetic sounding directly reflecting true resistivities in a layered Earth (1995)

Abstract Conversion of the measured voltages in direct current resistivity sounding methods into apparent resistivity rho a is a useful step since rho a data provide information about the subsurface resistivity variations with depth. This resistivity information then helps select a model for inverting the sounding data. In the controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM), conversion of the measured electric and magnetic fields into apparent resistivity values has not been popular. This attitude may be attributed to the difficulties in the inversion of the resistivity of a half-space from the electromagnetic (EM) field components as well as to the nonunique nature of the inversion giving two resistivity values for a single measurement. Two measured components--the vertical magnetic field H z and the tangential electric field E (sub phi ) as a result of a vertical magnetic dipole source--are combined to derive an exact apparent resistivity in a way similar to that used in direct current resistivity methods. Conversion of the measured H z and E (sub theta ) field components into apparent resistivity is found to be simple and can be carried out on a programmable pocket calculator. Theoretical apparent resistivity curves for frequency-domain electromagnetic sounding show features similar to magnetotelluric (MT) and direct current dipole-dipole apparent resistivity curves.
Densification and Structural Evolution in Spark Plasma Sintering Process of Mechanically Alloyed Nanocrystalline Fe-23Al-6C Powder (2003)

Nanocrystalline Fe–23 at%Al–6 at%C alloy powder was produced by mechanical alloying of the mixture of iron powder and aluminum powder (Fe–25 at%Al) with methanol, and was consolidated into fully dense compact by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1273 K. The compacts have nanocrystalline microstructure composed of mixture of α-phase grains and κ-carbide (Fe3AlC) grains whose average grain size is about 50 nm. Although relatively large grains were also observed in places, their sizes were not over a few micrometers. The mechanisms of the densification and the structural evolution during the SPS process are discussed.
Presentation Attack Detection Using Long-Term Spectral Statistics for Trustworthy Speaker Verification (2016)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing countermeasures against non zero-effort attacks for speaker verification systems. Until now, the focus has been on logical access attacks, where the spoofed samples are injected into the system through a software-based process. This paper investigates a more realistic type of attack, referred to as physical access or presentation attacks, where the spoofed samples are presented as input to the microphone. To detect such attacks, we propose a binary classifier based approach that uses long-term spectral statistics as feature input. Experimental studies on the AVspoof database, which contains presentation attacks based on replay, speech synthesis and voice conversion, shows that the proposed approach can yield significantly low detection error rate with a linear classifier (half total error rate of 0.038%). Furthermore, an investigation on Interspeech 2015 ASVspoof challenge dataset shows that it is equally capable of detecting logical access attacks.
Polymeric optical waveguide circuits formed using silicone resin (1998)

Polymeric optical waveguides fabricated using a newly developed silicone resin have a low birefringence as well as low propagation loss and good environmental stability. Optical waveguide circuits including a directional coupler, an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multi/demultiplexer, and a digital thermooptic (TO) switch are successfully realized using the silicone resin.
The dynamic nature of Cu sites in Cu-SSZ-13 and the origin of the seagull NOx conversion profile during NH3-SCR (2019)

Systematic catalytic tests and <italic>in situ</italic>/<italic>operando</italic> spectroscopy uncovered structure–performance relationships determining the seagull profile of the NO<sub>x</sub> conversion for Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts.
Growth of complex SiGe/Ge superlattices by reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition at low temperature (2015)

In this work the growth of complex n-type, high Ge content superlattice structures by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition is presented. The structures feature 50 repeats of a 14 layer period, which includes a main quantum well that is between 13 and 21 nm wide. The total epitaxy thickness is approximately 8 μm. Diffusion and segregation in the structures was minimized by using a low growth temperature. Materials characterization shows the structures to be of good crystalline quality, with the thickness of all layers close to the design, abrupt interfaces, and uniformity throughout the structures. High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy is shown to be an ideal technique for measuring layer thickness and interface quality in these structures.
Investigation of Chiral Molecular Micelles by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2012)

NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses of the chiral molecular micelles poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-leucine-valine) (poly-SULV) and poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)- valine-leucine) (poly-(SUVL)) are reported. Both molecular micelles are used as chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography and each consists of covalently linked surfactant chains with chiral dipeptide headgroups. To provide experimental support for the structures from MD simulations, NOESY spectra were used to identify protons in close spatial proximity. Results from the NOESY analyses were then compared to radial distribution functions from MD simulations. In addition, the hydrodynamic radii of both molecular micelles were calculated from NMR-derived diffusion coefficients. Corresponding radii from the MD simulations were found to be in agreement with these experimental results. NMR diffusion experiments were also used to measure association constants for polar and non-polar binaphthyl analytes binding to both molecular micelles. Poly(SUVL) was found to bind the non-polar analyte enantiomers more strongly, while the more polar analyte enantiomers interacted more strongly with poly(SULV). MD simulations in tum showed that poly(SUL V) had a more open structure that gave greater access for water molecules to the dipeptide headgroup region.
A theory for the mechanism of action of the α-hydroxy acids applied to the skin (1999)

A theory for the mechanism of action of alpha-hydroxy acids topically applied to the skin is proposed on the basis of an analysis with the experimental and clinical data. The alpha-hydroxy acids reduce the calcium ion concentration in the epidermis and remove calcium ions from the cell adhesions by chelation. This causes a loss of calcium ions from the cadherins of the desmosomes and adherens junctions, from the tight junctions, and possibly also from other divalent metallic cation-dependent cell adhesion molecules. The cell adhesions are thereby disrupted, resulting in desquamation. Desquamation is enhanced by cleavage of the endogenous stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme on the cadherins, which are otherwise protected from proteolysis by conjugation with calcium ions. The decrease of calcium ion level so brought about in the epidermis also tends to promote cell growth and retard cell differentiation, giving rise to a younger-looking skin. This property of alpha-hydroxy acids suggests that caution should be taken with excessive and chronic use of these compounds and studies in this regard are warranted. Alpha-hydroxy acids may also possess anti-inflammatory capacities.
Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature Using Optical Fiber Sensors: Two Novel Configuration (1996)

This paper presents two configurations of optical fiber sensors, that can simultaneously measure both the axial strain and temperature. The first configuration is composed of a 50μm In-Line Fiber Etalon (ILFE) cascaded with a 75μm Intrinsic Fabry-Perot (IFP) sensor to form a lead in-sensitive, localized, 125μm gage-length dual parameter sensor. The sensor response from this configurations is interrogated using coherence division multiplexing based on white light interferometry, and using pseudo-heterodyning demodulation. The second configuration is composed of an ILFE cavity and an in-fiber Bragg grating. This sensor is interrogated using two low-coherence sources, white light interferometry, pseudo-heterodyning demodulation and spectral methods. The results obtained in a simultaneously varying temperature and strain field by the fiber sensor are compared with a semiconductor temperature gage and a resistive foil gage, and show excellent correlation.
Note on the Longevity and Habits of Captive Cryptotis parva (1963)

Note on the Longevity and Habits of Captive Cryptotis parva Get access Carl J. Pfeiffer, Carl J. Pfeiffer Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carhondale Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar George H. Gass George H. Gass Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carhondale Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 44, Issue 3, 22 August 1963, Pages 427–428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1377224 Published: 22 August 1963 Article history Received: 26 October 1962 Published: 22 August 1963
Paracrine stimulation of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) in the human endometrium by interleukin 1α and its dual block by ovarian steroids (1997)

In the cycling human endometrium, the expression of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) and of several related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) follows the late-secretory fall in sex steroid plasma concentrations and is thought to be a critical step leading to menstruation. The rapid and extensive lysis of interstitial matrix that precedes menstrual shedding requires a strict control of these proteinases. However, the mechanism by which ovarian steroids regulate endometrial MMPs remains unclear. We report here that, in the absence of ovarian steroids, MMP-1 expression in endometrial fibroblasts is markedly stimulated by medium conditioned by endometrial epithelial cells. This stimulation can be prevented by antibodies directed against interleukin 1α (IL-1α) but not against several other cytokines. Ovarian steroids inhibit the release of IL-1α and repress MMP-1 production by IL-1α-stimulated fibroblasts. In short-term cultures of endometrial explants obtained throughout the menstrual cycle, the release of both IL-1α and MMP-1 is essentially limited to the perimenstrual phase. We conclude that epithelium-derived IL-1α is the key paracrine inducer of MMP-1 in endometrial fibroblasts. However, MMP-1 production in the human endometrium is ultimately blocked by ovarian steroids, which act both upstream and downstream of IL-1α, thereby exerting an effective control via a “double-block” mechanism.
Gaussian fading interference channels: Power control (2008)

In this paper we consider power allocation policies for 2-user Gaussian interference channels (IFC) with ergodic fading, perfectly known at all terminals. Based on recently found outer bounds on the capacity region of unfaded IFCs, we determine the power allocation that maximizes a sum-rate outer bound. With this power allocation both users are simultaneously active when the power of the interfering signals is small relative to the power of the intended signals. Otherwise, only the user with the largest fading gain is active, similar to multi-access and broadcast channels. By considering a simplified version of the Han-Kobayashi region, we derive the power allocation that maximizes a sum-rate inner bound. Numerical results for iid Rayleigh fading show that the inner and our bounds are very close to one another. The structure of the determined power allocation policies suggests that practical power allocations can be designed based on only a bit of channel state information.
Hybrid modelling framework by using mathematics-based and information-based methods (2010)

Mathematics-based computational mechanics involves idealization in going from the observed behaviour of a system into mathematical equations representing the underlying mechanics of that behaviour. Idealization may lead mathematical models that exclude certain aspects of the complex behaviour that may be significant. An alternative approach is data-centric modelling that constitutes a fundamental shift from mathematical equations to data that contain the required information about the underlying mechanics. However, purely data-centric methods often fail for infrequent events and large state changes. In this article, a new hybrid modelling framework is proposed to improve accuracy in simulation of real-world systems. In the hybrid framework, a mathematical model is complemented by information-based components. The role of informational components is to model aspects which the mathematical model leaves out. The missing aspects are extracted and identified through Autoprogressive Algorithms. The proposed hybrid modelling framework has a wide range of potential applications for natural and engineered systems. The potential of the hybrid methodology is illustrated through modelling highly pinched hysteretic behaviour of beam-to-column connections in steel frames.
P0 protein peptide 180‐199 together with pertussis toxin induces experimental autoimmune neuritis in resistant C57BL/6 mice (2000)

The C57BL/6 mice strain is known to be reputedly resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome in human by bovine peripheral myelin (BPM), and P2 protein or the P2 protein peptide 57-81. The P0 peptide 180-199 is a stronger neuritogenic antigen than the P2 peptide 57-81. We found that this synthetic peptide induced both clinical and pathological characteristics of an acute monophasic EAN in C57BL/6 mice. Only male mice were more sensitive to EAN induction with the P0 peptide 180-199. Intravenously administrated pertussis toxin (PT) had an adjuvant effect that increased the incidence of P0 peptide 180-199-induced EAN as well as the inflammation and demyelination in the peripheral nerves. Spontaneous and P0 peptide 180-199 stimulated proliferation of peripheral T-cells were enhanced by PT-treatment as well. The enhancing effect was lower before onset of the disease (Day 6 post immunization) (p.i.) as compared to the early phase of the disease (Day 22 p.i.). Thus, P0 peptides together with PT are able to break tolerance to myelin in C57BL/6 mice. J. Neurosci. Res. 62:717–721, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microplasma-assisted electrochemical synthesis of Co3O4nanoparticles in absolute ethanol for energy applications (2018)

The anodisation of Co foil in an absolute ethanol electrolyte with a microplasma cathode produces size-controllable Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>quantum dots.
Effect of Nyquist noise on the Nyquist dephasing rate in two-dimensional electron systems (2002)

We measure the effect of externally applied broadband (100 MHz--10 GHz) Nyquist noise on the intrinsic Nyquist dephasing rate of electrons in a two-dimensional electron gas at low temperatures. Within the measurement error, the phase coherence time is unaffected by the externally applied Nyquist noise, including applied noise temperatures of up to 300 K. The amplitude of the applied Nyquist noise is quantitatively determined in the same experiment using a microwave network analyzer.
Real-time visualization of acoustic wave fronts by using a two-dimensional microphone array (1988)

This article describes a real-time visualization system for sound fields. The system includes a two-dimensional microphone array (8×8), which eliminates the need for mechanically scanning the microphone and enables real-time processing. Three methods are tested for drawing interpolated images of sound fields from the sparse sampling points. A frequency-detection circuit is introduced to show the direction of sound propagation stroboscopically. Superposition of visualized sound wave fronts on the video picture of the field helps one to understand the sound fields present.
Learning in Closed-Loop Brain–Machine Interfaces: Modeling and Experimental Validation (2009)

Closed-loop operation of a brain-machine interface (BMI) relies on the subject's ability to learn an inverse transformation of the plant to be controlled. In this paper, we propose a model of the learning process that undergoes closed-loop BMI operation. We first explore the properties of the model and show that it is able to learn an inverse model of the controlled plant. Then, we compare the model predictions to actual experimental neural and behavioral data from nonhuman primates operating a BMI, which demonstrate high accordance of the model with the experimental data. Applying tools from control theory to this learning model will help in the design of a new generation of neural information decoders which will maximize learning speed for BMI users.
Self-assembled microactuated XYZ stages for optical scanning and alignment (2002)

A novel self-assembled, surface-micromachined micro-XYZ stage with large displacements and fine positioning accuracy has been demonstrated on a Si microoptical bench for optical scanning/alignment applications. Continuous lateral scanning up to 120 /spl mu/m and vertical scanning up to 250 /spl mu/m have been achieved with integrated scratch drive actuators (SDA), which have step resolutions of 27 nm. The XYZ stage can be fully assembled by applying an electric bias only. Focus adjustment of the micro-Fresnel lens integrated on the micro-XYZ stage has also been successfully demonstrated. This is useful for two-dimensional scanning, dynamic focusing/tracking, and fine optical alignment.
Designing a set of efficient regenerative braking strategies with a performance index tool (2014)

The goal of this study is to design efficient regenerative braking strategies for a recreational three-wheel rear-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle. Current studies provide several optimal regenerative braking strategies, but no tool to obtain a set of acceptable strategies. A performance index tool is thus proposed and used to evaluate the efficiency of a given strategy. With this tool it is then possible to define a set of efficient regenerative strategies. The performance index is based on knowledge of a global efficiency map defined as the ratio of the incoming battery power to the extracted kinetic power. Two simulators of the vehicle are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink: one with a rear-wheel slip model and the other without slip considerations. They also include the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle and the efficiency of the electrical drive from the electric motor to the battery. They were validated with experimental measurements of several accelerations and decelerations on a dry asphalt road from 0 km/h to 60 km/h. The simulated global efficiency map was also experimentally validated by regenerative braking measurements on a dry asphalt road from 50 km/h to 0 km/h. The simulated global efficiency map is used to design the optimal strategy (with and without wheel slip considerations). The performance map deduced from the global efficiency map was used to define the boundaries for the optimal strategy deviations and hence to limit the regenerated energy drop. Simulations show that there is a wide range of acceptable strategies from 0 km/h to 50 km/h on a dry asphalt road and hence give the driver the possibility of modulating the regenerative braking within a good energy recapture level. Finally, the design methodology presented with a simulated global efficiency map is also applicable with an experimental efficiency map which can be updated online.
Realizing Net-Centric Diagnostics Within the Naval Maintenance System (2006)

The U.S. Navy's current implementation of the three-level maintenance philosophy achieves mission readiness. However, there are inefficiencies in the maintenance system which waste resources and manpower. These inefficiencies may be overcome by facilitating improved testing capabilities and data sharing between the Organizational level of maintenance (O-level) and the Intermediate level (l-level) and/or Depot (D-level). The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst has investigated the realization of net-centric avionics diagnostics within the current Navy maintenance system. This paper describes efforts by the IDATS team to realize a proof-of-concept demonstration involving many aircraft maintenance technologies. These include data mining, diagnostic reasoning, and the transmission of diagnostic and maintenance data between levels of maintenance in order to reduce diagnostic ambiguities and testing time for an avionics system. Cost savings resulting from increased aircraft operational availability (Ao) can be achieved by implementing a net-centric approach to diagnostics Navy maintenance system. within the current Navy maintenance system.