gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallchlorid‐Graphitverbindungen aus nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln Einlagerung aus Thionylchloridlösungen (1973)

Abstract Es wird die Einlagerung von UCl 5 , AlCl 3 , NbCl 5 , TaCl 5 und MoOCl 4 aus SOCl 2 ‐Lösungen untersucht. Aus konzentrierten UCl 5 ‐Lösungen werden je nach der Temperatur 2 Verbindungen erhalten: UCl 5 ‐Graphit mit 62% UCl 5 und UCl 5 · SOCl 2 ‐Graphit, beide mit der Struktur einer 1. Stufe. Die übrigen Metallchloride werden ohne SOCl 2 eingelagert, AlCl 3 nur zu einer 2. Stufe, NbCl 5 , TaCl 5 und MoOCl 4 zu einer 3. Stufe. Das in den AlCl 3 ‐, NbCl 5 ‐ und TaCl 5 ‐Verbindungen zusätzlich gebundene Chlor stammt aus einem Zerfall des Thionylchlorids.
Chemical stabilization of the coumarin 1 dye laser (1983)

The chemical stabilization of coumarin 1, 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, in a nitrogen laser pumped dye laser and coumarin 311, 7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, under cw conditions with sulfur-free radical chain transfer agents, are described. The mechanism for stabilization involves encounter of triplet coumarin and ground state coumarin with subsequent radical formation and radical disproportionation catalyzed by the chain transfer agents. The output of the coumarin 1 dye laser decreased 10% when the dye solution was stabilized with cysteine hydrochloride over a 12-h period. The output of the unstabilized dye laser decreased 50% during a similar period of operation.
Sequential activation and distinct functions for distal and proximal modules within the IgH 3′ regulatory region (2016)

As a master regulator of functional Ig heavy chain (IgH) expression, the IgH 3' regulatory region (3'RR) controls multiple transcription events at various stages of B-cell ontogeny, from newly formed B cells until the ultimate plasma cell stage. The IgH 3'RR plays a pivotal role in early B-cell receptor expression, germ-line transcription preceding class switch recombination, interactions between targeted switch (S) regions, variable region transcription before somatic hypermutation, and antibody heavy chain production, but the functional ranking of its different elements is still inaccurate, especially that of its evolutionarily conserved quasi-palindromic structure. By comparing relevant previous knockout (KO) mouse models (3'RR KO and hs3b-4 KO) to a novel mutant devoid of the 3'RR quasi-palindromic region (3'PAL KO), we pinpointed common features and differences that specify two distinct regulatory entities acting sequentially during B-cell ontogeny. Independently of exogenous antigens, the 3'RR distal part, including hs4, fine-tuned B-cell receptor expression in newly formed and naïve B-cell subsets. At mature stages, the 3'RR portion including the quasi-palindrome dictated antigen-dependent locus remodeling (global somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination to major isotypes) in activated B cells and antibody production in plasma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition by Cyclic Peptides (2015)

Abstract Review: 87 refs.
Sintering and Dielectric Properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nano-Particle Prepared by Aerosol Plasma Pyrolysis Process (2007)

BaTiO3 nano-sized powders were successfully prepared by spray pyrolysis using multiphase plasma under the air atmosphere. The particles characteristics of BaTiO3 nano-sized powders were studied by SEM and XRD. The effect of volume of arc plasma and precursor solution on the formation of BaTiO3 nano-sized powders was investigated. The use of Ba-Ti complex precursor solution derived from lactic acid led to formation of tetragonal BaTiO3 nano-sized powders with 140 nm size. As for BaTiO3 ceramics, the effect of sintering temperature on relative density and the temperature dependence of dielectric properties were investigated.
Neuregulin-1 attenuates experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) pathogenesis by regulating ErbB4/AKT/STAT3 signaling (2018)

Our results indicate a potential pathway by which NRG-1 treatment maintains BBB integrity in vitro, attenuates ECM-induced tissue injury, and reduces mortality. Furthermore, we postulate that augmenting NRG-1 during ECM therapy may be an effective adjunctive therapy to reduce CNS tissue injury and potentially increase the effectiveness of current anti-malaria therapy against human cerebral malaria (HCM).
Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire en phase nématique. Exploration de la barrière d'empêchement à la libre rotation de la monofluoroacétone (1974)

Abstract Les spectres RMN des monochloro‐, monobromo‐ et monofluoroacétone orientées dans une phase nématique ont été interprétés et les constantes de couplage dipolaire mesurées. La barrière s'opposant à la libre rotation du groupement CH 2 F a été étudiée pour le composé fluoré à l'aide de différentes hypothèses. En utilisant une répartition de Boltzmann pour peupler les différentes conformations du groupement CH 2 F, et une fonction potentielle de la forme V (θ) = Σ n V n (1 – cos n θ)/2, on obtient un bon accord avec les résultats d'infra‐rouge pour V 1 = 250 ± 50 cal.mol −1 , V 2 = 1650 ± 100 cal.mol −1 , V 3 = −1000 ± 100 cal.mol −1 .
Studies on the usefulness of acetaldehyde-modified proteins and associated antibodies as markers of alcohol abuse. (1994)

Acetaldehyde, an intermediate in ethanol metabolism, has been shown to react with proteins to produce both stable and unstable adducts. These modified proteins are immunogenic, leading to the production of anti-adduct antibodies. In this report we describe studies carried out to determine whether anti-adduct antibodies could be used as a marker of alcohol abuse. We have used ELISAs to measure plasma immunoreactivity with unmodified and acetaldehyde-modified bovine serum albumin in groups of female and male social drinkers, heavy drinkers and alcoholics. When total immunoreactivity with the unmodified and acetaldehyde-modified proteins was measured it was found that each of the groups exhibited elevated reactivity with the modified protein as compared to the unmodified. Similar results were obtained when IgM immunoreactivity was measured. However, when IgA immunoreactivity was measured the reactivity with the modified protein was more greatly elevated in the heavy drinking and alcoholic groups than in the social drinking groups. There was no evidence of IgG reactivity with modified protein in any of the groups. These data suggest that elevated IgA reactivity with acetaldehyde-modified proteins may be a marker for high alcohol intake.
Effect of Ca2+Antagonists on High-K+Evoked Increase in [Ca2+]i in Rat Cerebral Synaptosomes and Hippocampal Neurons (1992)

By fura-2 fluorometry, we investigated the direct effects of Ca2+antagonists including a new benzothiazepine, clcntiazem, on the high-K+-evoked increase in the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in rat cerebral synaptosomes and cultured hippocampal neurons. In both preparations, metal ions inhibited the high-K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, in the following order: La3+> Cd2+≫ Ni2+. Although flunarizine and nicardipine inhibited the K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in synaptosomes, other Ca2+antagonists, including clentiazem and nitrendipine, had little effect at 10 μΜ. In hippocampal neurons, clentiazem inhibited the K+-induced increase in [Ca2 +]i at 10 μΜ, as did flunarizine and nicardipine. However, nifedipine and nitrendipine had little effect in either cultured neurons or in synaptosomes.
The Chicago Consensus on peritoneal surface malignancies: Management of desmoplastic small round cell tumor, breast, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2020)

The Chicago Consensus Working Group provides multidisciplinary recommendations for the management of desmoplastic small round cell, breast, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors specifically related to peritoneal surface malignancy. These guidelines are developed with input from leading experts, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, palliative care physicians, and pharmacists. These guidelines recognize and address the emerging need for increased awareness in the appropriate management of peritoneal surface disease. They are not intended to replace the quest for higher levels of evidence.
Scheduling with Communication Delay in Near-Linear Time (2021)

We consider the problem of efficiently scheduling jobs with precedence constraints on a set of identical machines in the presence of a uniform communication delay. Such precedence-constrained jobs can be modeled as a directed acyclic graph, G = (V, E). In this setting, if two precedence-constrained jobs u and v, with v dependent on u (u ≺ v), are scheduled on different machines, then v must start at least ρ time units after u completes. The scheduling objective is to minimize makespan, i.e. the total time from when the first job starts to when the last job finishes. The focus of this paper is to provide an efficient approximation algorithm with near-linear running time. We build on the algorithm of Lepere and Rapine [STACS 2002] for this problem to give an O((ln ρ)/(ln ln ρ))-approximation algorithm that runs in Õ(|V|+|E|) time.
Cerebellum Can Serve As a Pseudo-Reference Region in Alzheimer Disease to Detect Neuroinflammation Measured with PET Radioligand Binding to Translocator Protein (2015)

To measure TSPO density in AD patients and control subjects, a simple ratio method SUVR can substitute for, and may even be more sensitive than, absolute quantitation. The SUVR method is expected to improve subject tolerability by allowing shorter scanning time and not requiring arterial catheterization. In addition, this ratio method allows smaller sample sizes for comparable statistical significance because of the relatively low variability of the ratio values.
Illuminating the Regenerative Microenvironment: Emerging Quantitative Imaging Technologies for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering (2022)

Tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize treatments for patients suffering from critical-sized craniofacial bone defects, but it has yet to make a substantial impact in clinical practice. One of the barriers to improving the design of tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBGs) is the lack of adequate techniques to study how transplanted cells, host cells, and biomaterials interact to facilitate the dynamic healing process. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances in quantitative imaging that may be adapted to provide high spatiotemporal resolution of the 3D tissue microenvironment during cranial bone regeneration. The adoption and application of these imaging technologies will provide a more rigorous framework for evaluating TEBG performance and enable the development of next-generation TEBGs for craniofacial repair.
Effect of a current-sensing resistor on required mosfet size (2003)

The effect of a current-sensing resistor used in current-mode control of pulsewidth modulator (PWM) converters on required MOSFET aspect ratio, the ratio of channel width to channel length generally known as W/L, is studied. The results can also be applied to the effect of source parasitic resistance in a power MOSFET. These resistances require a significant increase in aspect ratio to achieve a desired maximum current capability. Experimental results are presented verifying the validity of the theoretical results.
Glycerol as high‐permittivity liquid filler in dielectric silicone elastomers (2016)

ABSTRACT A recently reported novel class of elastomers was tested with respect to its dielectric properties. The new elastomer material is based on a commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) composition, which has been modified by embedding glycerol droplets into its matrix. The approach has two major advantages that make the material useful in a dielectric actuator. First, the glycerol droplets efficiently enhance the dielectric constant, which can reach astonishingly high values in the composite. Second, the liquid filler also acts as a softener that effectively decreases the elastic modulus of the composite. In combination with very low cost and easy preparation, the two property enhancements lead to an extremely attractive dielectric elastomer material. Experimental permittivity data are compared to various theoretical models that predict relative permittivity changes as a function of filler loading, and the applicability of the models is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44153.
The Public Service Ethos: Decline and Renewal? (1999)

This article examines the two principal means by which ethically based standards of conduct can be secured in public administration. The first approach, advocated by Carl Friedrich in the 1940s, places the primary emphasis on the values and self-directed willingness of the public servant to act in the public interest. This reliance on a public service ethos was to some extent the hallmark of the British Civil Service before the post-1979 managerial and organisational changes and was a product of the exemplary leadership of two great heads of the home civil service, Sir Warren Fisher and Sir Edward Bridges. It will be argued that marketization, managerialism and organisational down-sizing in the public services have created a culture whose values (risk-taking, short-term profits and efficiency gains) greatly threaten the existence of the public service ethos. Consequently, the only effective way to secure any semblance of the public interest and to deter impropriety lies in the second approach - that is to place a much greater emphasis on external monitoring and legally based sanctions and safeguards. This alternative approach was advocated by Herman Finer, a contemporary of Karl Friedrich. The legal protection given by the 1998 Public Interest Disclosure Act to ‘whistle blowers’ should be seen as a welcome step in this direction. Greater precision in the wording of the Civil Service Code and a strengthening of its inadequate enforcement mechanism would, it is argued, further help to protect endangered public service values within the Civil Service.
Available Transfer Capability Determination for Cross Border Energy Trading in Croatian Electric Power System (2013)

In order to determine the maximum incremental MW transfer possible between two parts of a power system without violating any specified limits, available transfer capacities (ATC) are calculated. Croatian power system is well interconnected with neighboring countries that enables electricity transits or cross border energy exchanges. The growing electric power generation from renewable energy sources, especially wind, has had an impact on the value of ATC in the power systems. In order to investigate influence of the wind power on the cross border energy trading for Croatian power system, computer model of Croatian electric power system is made in PowerWorld Simulator. Available wind speed measurements are used as an input data for wind power production. The results of the ATC calculation for different scenario of wind power penetration in the Croatian power system are presented and discussed in the paper.
Domain-Wall Assisted Switching of Single-Domain Nanomagnets (2012)

This paper presents experimental and computational results demonstrating that the switching of single-domain permalloy nanomagnets can be assisted by the stray field of a passing transverse domain wall. We applied external magnetic fields with different magnitudes to show that nanomagnets switch for a certain field range only if the field of a domain wall and the externally applied field are superposed. We estimate that the stray field of the domain wall provides an extra 10 mT field in addition to the externally applied field. Micromagnetic simulations are in good agreement with experimental results, revealing that the strongly localized magnetic field of a propagating transverse wall is switching nearby dots. This effect can be exploited to generate clock fields for nanomagnet devices.
Physiological Concentrations of K+ Inhibit Cytochrome c-dependent Formation of the Apoptosome (2001)

In many forms of apoptosis, cytochrome c released from mitochondria induces the oligomerization of Apaf-1 to form a caspase-activating apoptosome complex. Activation of lysates in vitro with dATP and cytochrome c results in the formation of an active caspaseprocessing 700-kDa apoptosome complex, which predominates in apoptotic cells, and a relatively inactive 1.4-MDa complex. We now demonstrate that assembly of the active complex is suppressed by normal intracellular concentrations of K . Using a defined apoptosome reconstitution system with recombinant Apaf-1 and cytochrome c, K also inhibits caspase activation by abrogating Apaf-1 oligomerization and apoptosome assembly. Once assembled, the apoptosome is relatively insensitive to the effects of ionic strength and processes/ activates effector caspases. The inhibitory effects of K on apoptosome formation are antagonized in a concentrationdependent manner by cytochrome c. These studies support the hypothesis that the normal intracellular concentrations of K act to safeguard the cell against inappropriate formation of the apoptosome complex, caused by the inadvertent release of small amounts of cytochrome c. Thus, the assembly and activation of the apoptosome complex in the cell requires the rapid and extensive release of cytochrome c to overcome the inhibitory effects of normal intracellular concentrations of K .
Multijunction single-crystal CdTe-based solar cells: opportunities and challenges (2010)

Solar energy is the only renewable energy source that could largely replace the burning of fossil fuels and is the most rapidly deployable energy source, but because of its high cost, makes up only 1% of the world's energy production. Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) requires the least land and by far the least semiconductor material of any photovoltaic technology, but is the most expensive. Its high cost arises from the need to approximately lattice match the substrate and III-V materials in the three-junction CPV solar cells to maximize minority-carrier recombination times and hence cell efficiencies. Lattice-matching forces the use of Ge substrates, which are very expensive and fragile, making the cells very expensive. We give experimental evidence and theoretical arguments that, unlike III-V cells, CdTe-based multijunction cells need not be lattice-matched and could be grown on Si by high-throughput molecular beam epitaxy, reducing the cost an order of magnitude. That would allow the use of much lower solar concentrations, greatly reducing the tracking and optics costs. Also, efficiency calculations, assuming lattice matching not to be required for II-VI materials, indicate that the highest-efficiency three-junction II-VI cells should have efficiencies 3-8% (absolute) higher than those of the highest-efficiency three-junction III-V cells. We have fabricated and tested single-junction and twojunction CdZnTe/Si solar cells, concentrating on the value of the open-circuit voltage Voc because it measures the absorber-material limitations on cell efficiencies. We found V<sub>oc</sub> &ge; 90% of its thermodynamic limit, equivalent to the best reported results for single-junction III-V cells.
Maximizing multithreaded multicore architectures through thread migrations (2009)

Heterogeneity in general-purpose workloads often end up in non optimal per-thread hardware resource usage. The current trend towards multicore architectures, containing several multithreaded cores, increases the need of a complexity-effective way to expose the heterogeneity in general-purpose workloads to the underlying hardware, in order to obtain all the potential performance of these architectures. In this paper we present the Heterogeneity-Aware Dynamic Thread Migrator (hDTM), a novel complexity-effective hardware mechanism that exposes the heterogeneity in software to the hardware, also enabling the hardware to react to the dynamic behavior variations in the running applications. By means of core-to-core thread migrations, the hDTM mechanism strives to perform the desired behavior transparently to the Operating System.
As an example of the general-purpose hDTM concept presented in this paper, we describe a naive
hDTM implementation for a Power5-like processor and provide results on the benefits of the proposed mechanism. Our results indicate that even this simple hDTM implementation is able to get close to hDTM’s goal, not only avoiding losses due to bad thread-to-core assignments (up to a 25%) but also going beyond the best static thread-to-core assignment upper limit.
Activation of Dormant Genes in Specialized Cells (1984)

In several experimental systems the genomic capacity in specialized cells can be assessed by examining the activation of dormant genes. Since some of these specialized cells can be induced to change cell phenotype, all cell specializations do not necessarily involve irreversible genetic changes.
New Point Mutations in Surface and Core Genes of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Identified by Complete Genomic Sequencing (2015)

The objective of this study was to identify new viral biomarkers associated with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) by complete genomic sequencing of HBV. Hepatitis B virus mutations associated with ACLF were screened by Illumina high-throughput sequencing in twelve ACLF cases and twelve age-matched mild chronic hepatitis B patients, which were validated in 438 chronic hepatitis B patients (80 asymptomatic carriers, 152 mild chronic hepatitis B patients, 102 severe chronic hepatitis B patients and 104 ACLF patients) by direct sequencing. The results of Illumina sequencing showed that the mutations at 7 sites (T216C, G285A, A1846T, G1896A, C1913A/G, A2159G, and A2189C) of 12 ACLF patients were significantly higher than those of 12 controls. In the validation cohorts, a significantly higher ratio of genotype B to C was found in patients with ACLF than in patients with non-ACLF. Multivariate analysis showed that T216C, G1896A, C1913A/G and A2159G/C were independent risk factors for ACLF. C216 in any combination, A/G1913 in any combination, and G/C2159 in any combination had high specificity for ACLF. In summary, T216C and A2159G/C mutations were novel factors independently associated with ACLF. Combined mutations in hepatitis B cases could play important roles in ACLF development.
Determination of Tolerance to Tear Protein Release Following a Twice a Day Topical Application of N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylethylamine HCl (1995)

In an effort to develop a long-term topically active tear stimulant, it was important to determine if tolerance developed following the repeated instillation of N,N-Dimethyl-2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (AF2975) to the albino rabbit eye. New Zealand white rabbits were administered AF2975 (0.15%) twice a day (9 am and 4:30 pm) for 10 days. The right eye received the drug solution (50 microliters) and the left eye received an equal volume of the vehicle. Prior to dosing and at the end of first and last dose (10 and 60 minutes post-dosing), protein secretion was measured with the use of Schirmer tear test strips placed under the lower lid of each eye for five minutes. The strips absorbed tears from which protein was extracted. Eyes treated with AF2975 showed a statistically significant % increase in protein release compared to baseline values. Control eyes did not show statistically significant increases over baseline. A comparison of % changes from baseline in protein secretion rates after the first and last dose showed no significant differences in either treated or control eyes at 10 and 60 minutes postdosing. These results indicate that tolerance does not occur for protein secretion of topically administered AF2975 (0.15%) following a twice a day dosing schedule for 10 days to the rabbit eye.