gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current and Future (2016)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully understood but is likely influenced by numerous factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors, like the microbiota, and social behaviors, including smoking and diet. In addition to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, we now have integrin inhibitors that target lymphocyte trafficking to the gastrointestinal tract (vedolizumab and natalizumab); however, unmet medical needs remain. Although several immunologic pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, targeting these with drug therapy has produced mixed results. Recent drug failures, particularly anti-interleukin-17 (anti-IL17) in Crohn’s disease and anti-IL13 in ulcerative colitis, highlight our fundamental lack of understanding of the impact of pathogenic heterogeneity in the treatment of IBD. In addition to a “failure of mechanism,” other reasons for drug failure may include issues with the drug itself—for example, insufficient activity, or lack of targeting, inadequate trial design or dosing, or potentially our inability to characterize patients who may be more (or less) responsive to a specific therapy. This review summarizes some of the successes and failures and evaluates therapies currently under investigation for IBD.
Electric-field visualization technique for evaluating radiation from automotive millimeter-wave radar (2017)

Pushing accuracy and reliability of radar systems to higher levels is a requirement to realize autonomous driving. To maximize its performance, the millimeter-wave radar has to be designed in consideration of its surroundings such as emblems, bumpers and so on, because the electric-field distortion will degrade the performance. We propose electro-optic (EO) measurement system to visualize amplitude and phase distribution of millimeter waves, aiming at the evaluation of the disturbance of car components with the radar module equipped inside a vehicle. Visualization of 76-GHz millimeter waves passing through plastic plates is presented to demonstrate our system's capability of diagnosing a local cause of the field disturbance.
Towards All‐Solid‐State Polymer Batteries: Going Beyond PEO with Hybrid Concepts (2023)

Abstract To go beyond polyethylene oxide in lithium metal batteries, a hybrid polymer/oligomer cell design is presented, where an ester oligomer provides high ionic conductivity of 0.2 mS cm −1 at 40 °C within thicker composite cathodes with active mass loadings of up to 11 mg cm −2 (LiNbO 3 ‐coated) LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 (NMC622), while a 30 µm thin scaffold‐supported polymer electrolyte affords mechanical stability. Corresponding discharge capacities of the hybrid cells exceed 170 mAh g −1 (11 mg cm −2 ) or 160 mAh g −1 (6 mg cm −2 ) at rates of either 0.1 or 0.25 C. Multilayer pouch cells are projected to enable energy densities of 235 Wh L −1 (6 mg cm −2 ) and even up to 356 Wh L −1 (11 mg cm −2 ), clearly superior to other reported polymer‐based cell designs. Polyester electrolytes are environmentally benign and safer compared to common liquid electrolytes, while the straightforward synthesis and affordability of precursors render hybrid polyester electrolytes suitable candidates for future application in solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Design of the spherical agglomerate size in crystallization by developing a two‐step bridging mechanism and the model (2021)

Abstract Spherical agglomeration technology can produce high‐performance spherical particles in a single crystallization unit, although it is still challenging to control the particle size and shape. To solve this issue, a two‐step bridging (TSB) mechanism containing a preconditioning period, size period, and shape period is proposed. The dynamic balance among the forces of adhesion, dispersion, and capillary action in the multi‐liquid phases plays a key role. This is fully considered to establish the TSB‐based thermodynamic size model and particle design framework by weighting the force action regions in multi‐liquid phases with dynamic composition. The spherical agglomerates of benzoic acid, celecoxib, and salicylic acid with narrow particle size distributions and tunable particle size ranges of 2000–5000, 800–3500, and 1500–4500 μm, respectively, were designed and prepared successfully, showing good correlation with the calculation, which is superior to the reported methods and indicates that the mechanism has certain universality and guiding significance.
Molecular Resolution and Fragmentation of Fulvic Acid by Electrospray Ionization/Multistage Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Molecular weight distributions of fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia, were investigated by electrospray ionization/quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI/ QMS), and fragmentation pathways of specific fulvic acid masses were investigated by electrospray ionization/ion trap multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MST/ MS). ESI/QMS studies of the free acid form of low molecular weight poly(carboxylic acid) standards in 75% methanol/25% water mobile phase found that negative ion detection gave the optimum generation of parent ions that can be used for molecular weight determinations. However, experiments with poly(acrylic acid) mixtures and specific high molecular weight standards found multiply charged negative ions that gave a low bias to molecular mass distributions. The number of negative charges on a molecule is dependent on the distance between charges. ESI/MST/MS of model compounds found characteristic water loss from alcohol dehydration and anhydride formation, as well as CO2 loss from decarboxylation, and CO loss from ester structures. Application of these fragmentation pathways to specific masses of fulvic acid isolated and fragmented by ESI/MST/MS is indicative of specific structures that can serve as a basis for future structural confirmation after these hypothesized structures are synthesized.
Figure S2 from Integrative Analysis of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcomas Reveals Fibroblastic Differentiation and Susceptibility to Immunotherapy (2023)

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High performance concretes: an annotated bibliography 1974 to 1989 (1990)

This bibliography is the result of an extensive literature search on the subject of high-performance concrete (defined as concrete with either a 3-hour strength of not less than 3,000 psi, a 24-hour strength not less than 5000 psi, a 28-day strength not less than 10,000 psi, or a water cement ratio less than 0.35; as well as have a durability factor not less than 80 after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing). The bibliography covers a period of 15 years beginning in 1974. The bibliography consists of two sections: (I) plain concrete and (II) fiber reinforced concrete. An author index and a subject index are included.
Multifactorial Genesis of Pancreatitis in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Evidence for “Protective” (PRSS2) and “Destructive” (CTRC) Genetic Factors (2010)

This study underlines the relevance of a genetic background in pHPT related pancreatitis. However, it only indicates that the CTRC (p.R254W) mutation might also contribute to the panel of mutations ( SPINK1 and CFTR) that have been formerly reported to elevate pancreatitis susceptibility in pHPT. Besides it suggests that protective genetic variants, i. e., p.G191R PRSS2, may contribute to the low prevalence of pancreatitis in pHPT patients.
Engineering of Eu dopant segregation in colquiriite-type fluoride single crystal scintillators (2017)

Colquiriite-type Eu-doped LiCaAlF6 and LiSrAlF6 (Eu:LiCAF and Eu:LiSAF) scintillator single crystals were grown using Al metal as a starting material to improve the Eu dopant segregation. All Eu:LiCAF and Eu:LiSAF single crystals using Al metal (Eu,AlM:LiCAF and Eu,AlM:LiSAF) indicated high transparency and effective segregation coefficients (keff) of Eu2%,AlM1%:LiCAF and Eu2%,AlM1%:LiSAF single crystals were significantly improved to the value of 0.40 and 0.99, respectively. EuF3 starting material reacted with Al metal before colquiriite-type phase was generated. As a result, Eu3+ ion in EuF3 was changed to Eu2+ ion which could be incorporated into Ca2+ and Sr2+ sites easily.
Advanced combustion system for industrial boilers. Final report, Phase 2 activities (1991)

hopper discharge arrangement, the air required for eductor operation varies from about 12 percent of the total combustion air at a 2 MBtu/h firing rate to about 8 percent at 4 and 6 MBtu/h. (During previous testing using the old coal tank, the eductor air requirement was about 12 percent at 4 MBtu/h.) In initial tests, only the amount of air needed for eductor operation was introduced through the tailpipe. Combustor operation under this condition was satisfactory at 2 MBtu/h but not at 4 or 6 MBtu/h. At 4 and 6 MBtu/h firing rates, carbon conversion was typically less than 98 percent (based on ash exiting the stack), and CO was relatively high. It was necessary to operate the combustor at a primary stoichiometry of 0.40 or less in order to meet the goal of 0.6 lb/MBtu for NO{sub x} emission.
Transport characteristics of indium nitride (InN) films grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) (2009)

Abstract We report on the PAMBE‐growth of high‐quality InN layers with In polarity and on the influence of growth parameters such as Indium‐to‐nitrogen flux ratio as well as substrate temperature on the electronic transport characteristics of these layers. The flux ratio was changed between 0.94 to 1.18 near stoichiometric conditions and the growth temperature was varied between 400 and 485 °C as measured by calibrated pyrometer temperature. The InN films were grown on metal‐organic vapour deposition (MOCVD) GaN templates 3″ in diameter with InN layer thicknesses of 700 nm as determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Under In‐rich and near stoichiometric growth conditions a minimum surface root mean square roughness of 0.6 nm was achieved. High resolution X‐ray diffraction show purely hexagonal phase growth and no evidence for the presence of cubic inclusions. InN layers grown under optimized growth conditions exhibit a narrow (FWHM 20 meV) near band edge low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum with a PL peak energy of 0.67 eV, indicating an InN band gap energy of ≈ 0.7 eV, consistent with the dielectric function spectrum derived from SE measurements. Room temperature van‐der‐Pauw Hall measurements reveal high electron mobilities up to 1910 cm 2 /Vs with mean bulk electron concentrations as low as 5 x 10 17 /cm 3 . Furthermore, efficient surface emission of THz radiation has been demonstrated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A atuação do Poder Judiciário na concreção das políticas públicas de saneamento básico: possibilidades e limites (2019)

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as decisões judiciais proferidas em Segunda Instância pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) no julgamento dos recursos relativos ao tema do saneamento básico, fixando-se como termo inicial o advento da Lei nº 11.445/2007. O saneamento tem sido predominantemente tratado a partir de abordagens mais técnicas do que políticas. Nessa perspectiva, importa pensá-lo enquanto uma política pública que implique decisões, a partir de concepções e parâmetros normativos, definidas no âmbito de configurações institucionais diversas e com características mais ou menos democráticas. Considerando-se tais pontos, discute-se argumentos contrários e favoráveis acerca da judicialização da política e do ativismo judicial, fato que é uma realidade no desenho da democracia contemporânea, buscando-se, assim, explicar a relativa obscuridade dessas relações no processo de definição tanto das políticas de saúde como da política de saneamento em termos de política públicas, bem como os impactos na formulação da política de saneamento básico e as ações do campo da saúde em relação ao saneamento. Tal fenômeno é uma realidade, aguçando-se a necessidade de investigar o papel do Poder Judiciário na própria formulação e execução das políticas de saneamento da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Analysis of contact pressure acting on a thermal print head of a thermal transfer printer (2003)

In case of a thermal transfer printer, it is important to place the heater of the thermal print head at the position where the contact pressure is most high. So it is necessary to clear the contact pressure between an inkribbon and a thermal print head. The visco elastic properties of the ink, PET and platen rubber were measured with a rheometer. The contact pressures on the thermal print head were calculated by FEM. The contact pressures under consideration of visco elasticity were different from those calculated by elastic analysis. The effect of sliding speed of the thermal print head on the contact pressures was also examined.
AT THE END OF THE DAY, THERE'S NO END OF THE DAY (2001)

SUBTITLE: CUSTOMERS ARE WAITING LATER IN THE DAY TO PLACE ORDERS, STILL EXPECTING NEXT DAY DELIVERY. SHIPPERS AND CARRIERS HAVE RESPONDED BY PUSHING THE ORDER AND DELIVERY ENVELOPE BEYOND TRADITIONAL BUSINESS HOURS.
A Golgi-Released Subpopulation of the Trans-Golgi Network Mediates Protein Secretion in Arabidopsis (2018)

Spatiotemporal coordination of protein trafficking among organelles is essential for eukaryotic cells. The post-Golgi interface, including the trans-Golgi network (TGN), is a pivotal hub for multiple trafficking pathways. The Golgi-released independent TGN (GI-TGN) is a compartment described only in plant cells, and its cellular and physiological roles remain elusive. In Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), the SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS (SYP) 4 group Qa-SNARE (soluble <i>N</i>-ethylmaleimide) membrane fusion proteins are shared components of TGN and GI-TGN and regulate secretory and vacuolar transport. Here we reveal that GI-TGNs mediate the transport of the R-SNARE VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN (VAMP) 721 to the plasma membrane. In interactions with a nonadapted powdery mildew pathogen, the SYP4 group of SNAREs is required for the dynamic relocation of VAMP721 to plant-fungus contact sites via GI-TGNs, thereby facilitating complex formation with its cognate SNARE partner PENETRATION1 to restrict pathogen entry. Furthermore, quantitative proteomic analysis of leaf apoplastic fluid revealed constitutive and pathogen-inducible secretion of cell wall-modification enzymes in a SYP4- and VAMP721-dependent manner. Hence, the GI-TGN acts as a transit compartment between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. We propose a model in which the GA-TGN matures into the GI-TGN and then into secretory vesicles by increasing the abundance of VAMP721-dependent secretory pathway components.
Three‐dimensional densification measurement of Vickers‐indented glass using digital holographic tomography (2019)

Abstract We have used digital holographic tomography (DHT) to study the refractive index (density) changes occurring under Vickers indentations in silica, soda‐lime, and non‐alkaline aluminoborosilicate glasses. The measurements confirm that the maximum refractive index (density) is not constant but increases with load up to 300 gf. At higher loads (500 gf and 1 kgf), a subsurface (median) crack in soda‐lime glass is observed with no apparent surface trace. The appearance of this crack reduces the maximum refractive index (density) observed. In addition, the vertical cross section of the 3D refractive index (density) map has been successfully obtained using a square fiber sample and lateral observation. These results clearly demonstrate a promising potential of DHT to evaluate the shape and the density distribution of the structurally modified zone in a Vickers‐indented glass.
Dissection of Two Hallmarks of the Open Promoter Complex by Mutation in an RNA Polymerase Core Subunit (2000)

Deletion of 10 evolutionarily conserved amino acids from the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase leads to a mutant enzyme that is unable to efficiently hold onto DNA. Open promoter complexes formed by the mutant enzyme are in rapid equilibrium with closed complexes and, unlike the wild-type complexes, are highly sensitive to the DNA competitor heparin (Martin, E., Sagitov, V., Burova, E., Nikiforov, V., and Goldfarb, A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20175-20180). Here we show that despite this instability, the mutant enzyme forms partially open complexes at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C when the wild-type complex is fully closed. Thus, the two hallmarks of the open promoter complex, the stability toward a challenge with DNA competitors and the sensitivity toward low temperature, can be uncoupled by mutation and may be independent in the wild-type complex. We use the high resolution structure of Thermus aquaticus RNA polymerase core to build a functional model of promoter complex formation that accounts for the observed defects of the E. coli RNA polymerase mutants.
High-Quality of True Seismic Amplitude, Acoustic Impedance and Broadband Data Recorded with the Freecable Method (2021)

Summary FreeCable™, a new marine seismic acquisition method was tested in the Mediterranean Sea. For this sea trial, the system used two Midwater Stationary Cables (MSCs), four Recording Autonomous Vessels (RAVs) and a control room installed onboard a master vessel. Each MSC is fitted with fourcomponent stations (hydrophone and tri-axial geophone), spaced at 25m interval. The source was a 150in3 airgun and its depth was 7m. The work presented here is two-fold: i) analyse the frequency contents recorded with one MSC of 1.5km length (#6003 line, ‘Pourquoi Pas’ survey) ii) examine the water bottom reflection recorded on both the hydrophone and the vertical geophone in terms of amplitude and acoustic impedance. The data analysis demonstrated that the hydrophones record useful signals in the 2-4Hz frequency band. This is a remarkable result all the more that the airgun emits very few LFs. Despite the small source and the geophone low-cut filter, water bottom reflection is observed in the 6-12Hz band. The amplitude and acoustic impedance maps are very stable for each sensor and each cmp. The sensor coupling is accurate, high-fidelity (in a 4C sense) and repeatable. The FreeCable method avoids the repeatability issue which is critical in 4D seismic surveys.
Multidimensional correlation of nuclear relaxation and diffusion tensor size, shape, and orientation (2016)

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Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNAs of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, andCytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1(COI) Regions in Slow Lorises (Genus Nycticebus) May Contribute to Improved Identification ofConfiscated Specimens (2012)

The slow loris ( Nycticebus ) is a prosimian that is popular among exotic pet lovers. In Japan, many slow lorises have been imported illegally. Prosimians that have been confiscated in raids are protected in Japanese zoos, and the number of such animals has increased. In most cases, the country of origin remains unknown and even the species can be difficult to identify from the animal’s physical appearance alone. We have attempted to resolve this problem by using DNA analysis. DNA samples of five species, consisting of the Pygmy slow loris ( Nycticebus pygmaeus ), Bengal slow loris ( Nycticebus bengalensis ), Sunda slow loris ( Nycticebus coucang ), Javan slow loris ( Nycticebus javanicus ), and Bornean slow loris ( Nycticebus menagensis ), were extracted, amplified, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(COI) regions were compared. Differences of nucleic acid sequences of representative individuals were demonstrated.
Relation of Glucagon-specific Binding Sites to Glucagon-dependent Stimulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver (1973)

Abstract Under conditions where both glucagon and hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity increase with increasing concentrations of glucagon, it was found that hormonal stimulation was complete when occupation of the glucagon-specific binding sites was only 10 to 20% of that achieved upon prolonged incubation; thus, under these conditions, 80 to 90% of the glucagon which binds to liver plasma membranes does so without affecting adenylyl cyclase activity. Des-1-histidine glucagon, a competitive inhibitor of glucagon binding, when added 5 min after glucagon, completely inhibited hormonal stimulation, while at the same time only displacing 10 to 20% of glucagon from its binding sites; thus, under these conditions, there is glucagon bound to liver membranes which does not lead to hormonal stimulation, although bound labeled glucagon is in its biologically active form and the assay conditions used are optimal for determination of hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. More labeled glucagon was found to dissociate from liver membranes after 5 to 10 min of incubation in the presence of excess native unlabeled glucagon than in that of excess des-1-histidine glucagon, suggesting the existence of cooperative interactions between glucagon-specific binding sites. GTP stimulated dissociation of bound labeled glucagon from liver membranes under conditions which do not selectively affect the glucagon-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, suggesting that previously discovered effects of purine nucleotides on hormone binding and on hormonal stimulation may be unrelated phenomena. It was concluded that a large proportion (at least 80 to 90%) of the glucagon-specific sites in liver plasma membranes do not participate in the activation of adenylyl cyclase system by glucagon and that these sites cannot be called receptors until it is demonstrated that they produce an effect on cellular function. Their possible biological importance is discussed in the light of the above findings.
INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE GEO-SPATIAL DATASETS (2006)

When multiple geo-spatial datasets are integrated, the process should be done in several stages. In each stage two datasets are fused to one. Since different sequences may lead to different results, it is important to select a sequence that would lead to the required results. Two approaches, namely the sequential and hierarchical, for selecting the sequence are presented, and their results are compared. In the sequential approach, initially two datasets are integrated, then, in each stage the result of the previous stage is integrated with a fresh dataset. In the hierarchical approach, in each stage, every pair of datasets is integrated to one, until there is only one dataset. The results of extensive experimentations are presented. The tests show that for large overlap the second approach have better results in a cost of lower versatility.
Decomposition of hydroperoxides derived from microsomes or lipoprotein by glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. (1983)

Protective effects of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase purified from human liver and superoxide dismutase against lipid peroxidation were investigated. In the presence of glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides found in microsomal membrane were decomposed by glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase, but anionic glutathione S-transferase had no effect on them. Superoxide dismutase exhibited antioxidation effect by preventing accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Serum lipid hydroperoxides existing in low density lipoprotein fraction were also decomposed by glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase. These findings suggest that the hydroperoxide level, which has high toxicity, could be controlled by these glutathione-dependent glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase.