gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Energy-Transfer Networks and High-Resolution Respirometry: A Convenient Approach for Studying Their Function (2018)

Compartmentalization of high-energy phosphate carriers between intracellular micro-compartments is a phenomenon that ensures efficient energy use. To connect these sites, creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) energy-transfer networks, which are functionally coupled to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), could serve as important regulators of cellular energy fluxes. Here, we introduce how selective permeabilization of cellular outer membrane and high-resolution respirometry can be used to study functional coupling between CK or AK pathways and OXPHOS in different cells and tissues. Using the protocols presented here the ability of creatine or adenosine monophosphate to stimulate OXPHOS through CK and AK reactions, respectively, is easily observable and quantifiable. Additionally, functional coupling between hexokinase and mitochondria can be investigated by monitoring the effect of glucose on respiration. Taken together, high-resolution respirometry in combination with permeabilization is a convenient approach for investigating energy-transfer networks in small quantities of cells and tissues in health and in pathology.
Cotinine prevents memory loss and diminishes Alzheimer's disease-like pathology (2015)

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Predicting rapid progression of Parkinson's Disease at baseline patients evaluation (2017)

The rate of Parkinson's Disease (PD) progression in the initial post-diagnosis years can vary significantly. In this work, a methodology for the extraction of the most informative features for predicting rapid progression of the disease is proposed, using public data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and machine learning techniques. The aim is to determine if a patient is at risk of expressing rapid progression of PD symptoms from the baseline evaluation and as close to diagnosis as possible. By examining the records of 409 patients from the PPMI dataset, the features with the best predictive value at baseline patient evaluation are found to be sleep problems, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, motor symptoms at legs, cognition impairment, early axial and facial symptoms and in the most rapidly advanced cases speech issues, loss of smell and affected leg muscle reflexes.
Silage production of corn intercropped with tropical forages in an integrated crop-livestock system with lambs (2017)

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intercropping systems between corn and tropical forages, at different cutting heights, on silage production, light interception, land use efficiency, intercropping competition factors, and pasture production. In the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 crop seasons, two cultivation modalities were evaluated in the summer/autumn - monocropped corn with residual regrowth of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) from the soil seed bank and corn intercropped with palisade grass (U. brizantha 'Marandu') -, in a factorial arrangement with two cutting heights for silage production - 0.20 and 0.45 m. After corn silage harvest, the forages were grazed by lambs in a semi-feedlot system, in the winter/spring. Monocropped corn and 0.45-m cutting height both reduced dry matter yield for silage. Corn intercropped with palisade grass improved land use efficiency from 13 to 31% compared with monocropped crop, with land equivalent ratio greater than 1. Palisade grass showed higher light interception than signal grass over the intercrop period with corn and provided greater forage yield for lambs to graze during winter/spring. Corn intercropped with palisade grass, compared with monocropped corn, especially at the cutting height of 0.45 m, is a viable option for improving silage and pasture production, as well as land use efficiency in the integrated crop-livestock system.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (2016)

Imaging metabolic dysfunction, a hallmark of solid tumors, usually requires radioactive tracers. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can potentially detect and visualize glucose uptake and metabolism, without the need for radioisotopes. Here, we tested the feasibility of using glucose CEST (glucoCEST) to image unlabeled glucose uptake in head and neck cancer by using a clinical 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The average CEST contrast between tumors and normal tissue in 17 patients was 7.58% (P = 0.006) in the 3-4 ppm offset frequency range and 5.06% (P = 0.02) in 1-5 ppm range. In a subgroup of eight patients, glucoCEST signal enhancement was higher in tumors than in normal muscle (4.98% vs. 1.28%, P < 0.021). We conclude that glucoCEST images of head and neck cancer can be obtained with a clinical 3T MRI scanner.
Influence of Sintering Parameters on the Mechanical Performance of PM Steels Pre-Alloyed with Chromium (2007)

Powder grades pre-alloyed with 1.5-3 wt% chromium are suitable for PM steel components in high performance applications. These materials can be successfully sintered at the conventional temperature 1120 °C, although well-monitored sintering atmospheres with low oxygen partial pressures (&lt;10-17-10-18 atm) are required to avoid oxidation. Mechanical properties of the Cralloyed PM grades are enhanced by a higher sintering temperature in the range 1120-1250 °C, due to positive effects from pore rounding, increased density and more effective oxide reduction. A material consisting of Astaloy CrM, which is pre-alloyed with 3 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mo, and 0.6 wt% graphite obtains an ultimate tensile strength of 1470 MPa combined with an impact strength of 31 J at density 7.1 g/cm3, after sintering at 1250 °C followed by cooling at 2.5 °C/s and tempering.
Predictive Value of the Seventh Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Conjunctival Melanoma (2012)

Advanced AJCC T-stage (clinical and pathologic) tumors were at higher risk for recurrence and metastasis. In this study, the seventh edition AJCC staging system was predictive of local control and systemic spread of conjunctival melanoma.
Validation of systems transients analysis codes (1995)

Two dozens invited papers are collected in the book dealing with validation of system thermal-hydraulic codes. The overall book as well as individual papers are available from the web (see also above)
“Volcano” Reactions in Oxide Vias Between Tungsten CVD and Bias Sputtered TiN/Ti Films (2000)

Tungsten chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains the preferred method to make vertical metal interconnects in oxide vias on silicon integrated circuits. Vias are lined with thin titanium films, protected by a TiN diffusion barrier deposited on top followed by tungsten CVD. "Volcano" reactions, which result in rupture of the TiN barrier and electrical failure of the interconnect, remains an integration difficulty of great interest. Four parameters are found to strongly influence volcano reactions: the mixture of and gases during tungsten nucleation film deposition, TiN barrier thickness, use of plasma preclean before Ti/TiN deposition, and a rapid thermal anneal after Ti/TiN deposition and before tungsten CVD. We describe process methods to avoid volcano reactions with thin TiN barrier films, maintaining low resistivity in the via. The influence of varying these parameters on overall step coverage is also discussed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Optimal resource allocation for Type-II-HARQ-based OFDMA ad hoc networks (2013)

We address the problem of multiuser power and bandwidth allocation for a general class of OFDMA-based wireless networks that employ a Type-II Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) transmission scheme. We assume that the resource manager has only statistical knowledge of the Channel State Information (CSI) of the Rayleigh-distributed fast-fading links forming the network. We then propose the optimal algorithm minimizing the total transmit power required to satisfy per-user goodput constraints when practical Coding and modulation Schemes (MCSs) are carried out.
AstroGen – Procedural Generation of Highly Detailed Asteroid Models (2018)

We present a novel algorithm, called AstroGen, to procedurally generate highly detailed and realistic 3D meshes of small celestial bodies automatically. AstroGen gains it's realism from learning surface details from real world asteroid data. We use a sphere packing-based metaball approach to represent the rough shape and a set of noise functions for the surface details. The main idea is to apply an optimization algorithm to adopt these representations to available highly detailed asteroid models with respect to a similarity measure. Our results show that our approach is able to generate a wide variety of different celestial bodies with very complex surface structures like caves and craters.
Variation in the Short-Term Changes in Bone Cell Activity in Three Regions of the Distal Femur Immediately Following Ovariectomy (1998)

The effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on cancellous bone in the rat is not uniform at all sites of the skeleton. We report variation in the short-term effects of adult OVX in three regions of the distal femur: the diaphysis (DIA), the metaphysis (META), and the epiphysis (EPI). Cancellous bone parameters were estimated in the three separate zones of the femora and compared with changes in bone cell activity, as estimated by osteoclast surface (Oc.S) and bone formation rate (BFR). Changes were studied for 30 days in a series of rats either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX) at 7 months of age. Oc.S and BFR were elevated following OVX in all regions. The time course for the OVX-induced changes differed between regions: DIA, both Oc.S and BFR were elevated at day 9; META, Oc.S was also elevated at day 9, while the rise in BFR was delayed until day 21; EPI, Oc.S remained stable but increased relative to ovary-intact rats by day 18 due to reduced levels in the latter, but BFR did not rise until day 28. These changes in bone cell activity following OVX produced a 71% reduction of cancellous bone in the DIA and a 35% reduction in the META. In contrast, no OVX-induced bone loss was observed in the EPI. This study shows that bone cell activity increases in each region of the distal femur within the first 30 days following OVX, independent of bone loss. However, the time course of increased bone cell activity is not uniform. These data highlight the role of local factors in the response to ovarian hormone deficiency.
Analysis of Marginal Carbon Intensities in Constrained Power Networks (2010)

Jurisdictions across the globe are implementing CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions reduction policies. These policies typically ignore most locational issues, probably because the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions do not depend on the exact emission location. However, the response to emission policies and the costs and effectiveness of emissions reduction in power systems are locational in nature. This paper analyzes marginal CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions in constrained power networks. Numerical results illustrate the high locational dependence of marginal carbon intensities, and support the need for a more detailed consideration of locational effects in emission reduction policies.
Hybrid Compression of Bitvectors for the FM-Index (2014)

Compressed bit vectors supporting rank and select operations are the workhorse of compressed data structures. We propose a hybrid scheme for implementing compressed bit vectors, which divides the bit vector into blocks and then chooses the encoding of each block separately from a number of different encoding methods. Hybrid encoding is particularly suitable for bit vectors that have lots of local and regional variation, such as those present in the FM-index, a popular compressed data structure for pattern matching. We propose a specific hybrid combination of three simple encoding methods for FM-index bit vectors achieving superior space-time tradeoffs in experiments.
Technologies for Advanced Gait and Balance Assessments in People with Multiple Sclerosis (2018)

Subtle gait and balance dysfunction is a precursor to loss of mobility in multiple sclerosis (MS). Biomechanical assessments using advanced gait and balance analysis technologies can identify these subtle changes and could be used to predict mobility loss early in the disease. This update critically evaluates advanced gait and balance analysis technologies and their applicability to identifying early lower limb dysfunction in people with MS. Non-wearable (motion capture systems, force platforms, and sensor-embedded walkways) and wearable (pressure and inertial sensors) biomechanical analysis systems have been developed to provide quantitative gait and balance assessments. Non-wearable systems are highly accurate, reliable and provide detailed outcomes, but require cumbersome and expensive equipment. Wearable systems provide less detail but can be used in community settings and can provide real-time feedback to patients and clinicians. Biomechanical analysis using advanced gait and balance analysis technologies can identify changes in gait and balance in early MS and consequently have the potential to significantly improve monitoring of mobility changes in MS.
Pan-Neuronal Knockdown of Calcineurin Reduces Sleep in the Fruit Fly,Drosophila melanogaster (2011)

Sleep is a unique physiological state, which is behaviorally defined, and is broadly conserved across species from mammals to invertebrates such as insects. Because of the experimental accessibility provided by various novel animal models including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, there have been significant advances in the understanding of sleep. Although the physiological functions of sleep have not been fully elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates that sleep is necessary to maintain the plasticity of neuronal circuits and, hence, is essential in learning and memory. Calcineurin (Cn) is a heterodimeric phosphatase composed of CnA and CnB subunits and known to function in memory consolidation in the mammalian brain, but its neurological functions in the fruit fly are largely unknown. Here, we show that Cn is an important regulator of sleep in Drosophila. A pan-neuronal RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cn expression resulted in sleep loss, whereas misexpression of the constitutively active form of a CnA protein led to increased sleep. Furthermore, CnA knockdown also impaired the retention of aversive olfactory memory. These results indicate a role for Cn and calcium-dependent signal transduction in sleep and memory regulation and may bring insight into the relationship between them.
Fixed point optimization of deep convolutional neural networks for object recognition (2015)

Deep convolutional neural networks have shown promising results in image and speech recognition applications. The learning capability of the network improves with increasing depth and size of each layer. However this capability comes at the cost of increased computational complexity. Thus reduction in hardware complexity and faster classification are highly desired. This work proposes an optimization method for fixed point deep convolutional neural networks. The parameters of a pre-trained high precision network are first directly quantized using L2 error minimization. We quantize each layer one by one, while other layers keep computation with high precision, to know the layer-wise sensitivity on word-length reduction. Then the network is retrained with quantized weights. Two examples on object recognition, MNIST and CIFAR-10, are presented. Our results indicate that quantization induces sparsity in the network which reduces the effective number of network parameters and improves generalization. This work reduces the required memory storage by a factor of 1/10 and achieves better classification results than the high precision networks.
Electronic and Magnetic Materials and Devices. Pin-point Light Emitting Diodes with Uniform Brightness. (1996)

Pin-point light emitting diodes of uniform brightness have been developed. The uniformity is realized by constructing a protrusive conductive region, the protrusion being in the center of the aperture and close to the active region. The uniformity of brightness was improved so that the deviation changed from ±20% to ±10%. Output power of 2.2 mW was obtained at
[Evaluation of betatron electron rays in therapy of cervical cancer]. (1972)

On 71 cases of cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) consisting of 122530 and 4 cases at stages I to IV respectively electron rays (15 MeV Betatron Toshiba) were directly irradiated to primary carcinomatous lesions of the uterine cervix through an aluminum or steel tube and changes by dose of the primary lesions were examined clinically and histologically. On some cases radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed after the irradiation and the removed materials were histologically reviewed to examine the effect of the irradiation. i) In the stage I group carcinomatous cells were still seen in one case after the irradiation of 6000 rad. ii) In the stage II group carcinomatous cells were seen in 11 cases after the irradiation of 6000 rad but disappeared in 84.2% of the cases after the irradiation of additional 4000 rad. iii) In the stage III group carcinomatous cells disappeared in 40.0% of the cases after the irradiation of 6000 rad and in 80.0% after the irradiation of 10000 rad. iv) Radical operation was performed on 20 cases after the irradiation and histological examination of serial sections revealed carcinomatous cells only in 25.0% of those irradiated with 6000 rad. v) On operated cases comparison by development and maturation of carcinomatous cells was also investigated. vi) Vaginal smear showed a trend of improvement as the irradiation dose increased over 4000 to 6000 rad. vii) Bleeding and flow began to decrease after the irradiation of 4000 rad and disappeared in many cases at 6000 rad. Masses also began to decrease in size after the irradiation of 4000 to 6000 rad with marked indication of coating and smoothing. It seems that carcinomatous tissures in primary lesions at stages I and II are destroyed to disappear by 10000-15000 rad irradiation although the subjects of this therapy are remarkably restricted.(Full text)
Spontaneous Left Main Coronary Artery Dissection and the Role of Intravascular Ultrasonography (2010)

Intravascular ultrasonography is a useful adjunctive imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of spontaneous LMCA dissection.
Formic acid as a hydrogen source for the iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of levulinic acid and 2-formylbenzoic acid (2019)

A robust iridium catalyst performs the reductive amination of the renewable levulinic acid and of 2-formylbenzoic acid in water under mild conditions. This catalyst tolerates very bulky reagents.
Higher mass meningococcal group C-tetanus toxoid vaccines conjugated with carbodiimide correlate with greater immunogenicity (2020)

To examine the link between meningococcal C (MenC) vaccine size and immunogenic response, a panel of MenC glycoconjugate vaccines were prepared differing in chain length, molar mass and hydrodynamic volume. The preparations consisted of different lengths of MenC polysaccharide (PS) covalently linked to monomeric purified tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein using the coupling reagent ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and viscometry analysis confirmed that the panel of MenC-TT conjugates spanned masses of 191,500 to 2,348,000 g/mol, and hydrodynamic radii ranging from 12.1 to 47.9 nm. The two largest conjugates were elliptical in shape, whereas the two smallest conjugates were more spherical. The larger conjugates appeared to fit a model described by multiple TTs with cross-linked PS, typical of lattice-like networks described previously for TT conjugates, while the smaller conjugates were found to fit a monomeric or dimeric TT configuration. The effect of vaccine conjugate size on immune responses was determined using a two-dose murine immunization. The two larger panel vaccine conjugates produced higher anti-MenC IgG1 and IgG2b titres after the second dose. Larger vaccine conjugate size also stimulated greater T-cell proliferative responses in an in vitro recall assay, although cytokines indicative of a T-helper response were not measurable. In conclusion, larger MenC-TT conjugates up to 2,348,000 g/mol produced by EDC chemistry correlate with greater humoral and cellular murine immune responses. These observations suggest that conjugate size can be an important modulator of immune response.
High hydrogen dilution and low substrate temperature cause columnar growth of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (2010)

Abstract Columnar growth was observed in the amorphous part of mixed phase layers deposited at very low substrate temperatures. The width of the columns and the layer thickness at which they are first distinguishable in a cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope (X‐TEM) image, about 120 nm, is similar for the substrate temperature range of 40–100 °C, but the columns are less well developed when either the substrate temperature is increased or the dilution ratio is lowered. This growth behaviour and the incubation layer are attributed to hydrogen‐induced surface diffusion of growth precursors resulting in an amorphous–amorphous roughness transition.
Session details: MAC and radio resource management (general symposium) (2010)

No abstract available.
Power consumption evaluation for electrical submersible pump systems (2012)

Due to cost increase in the current energy market, the requirement for power consumption evaluation and improvement for electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems remains strong. However, there are no developed standards for such evaluation, which makes it a difficult task for the oil industry. This paper intends to introduce suitable approaches and general criteria for the power consumption evaluation and improvement purpose. A comprehensive study and research is performed using two methods to evaluate power consumption for ESP systems. Method 1 is to determine power consumption using the measured KW-hours during a specific period divided by the production rate in barrels per day and by lifted fluid in feet. Method 2 is to calculate overall pumping system efficiency. The status of the two existing methods is that Method 1 is developed with some rule of thumb criteria, while Method 2 unfortunately only consists of a set of calculation formula but no criterion available. Relationship between the two methods is analyzed. General criterion for power consumption evaluation and improvement for ESP wells are proposed in the paper. A case study is provided to clearly demonstrate the application of the criterion.