gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel clamp circuits for IC power supply protection (1996)

Biased and terminated p-n-p transistor chains are made from floating n-wells in p-substrate complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and used for power supply electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamps. The p-n-p gain may allow a compact termination circuit to be used, resulting in a stand-alone clamp. Bipolar p-n-p action accounts for unwanted low-voltage conduction as well as for very desirable clamping of power supply overvoltages. Bias networks are used to prevent excessive leakage at high temperature. These devices are becoming crucial to success in ESD product testing of CMOS integrated circuits.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Enzymatic Resolution of Amines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The dynamic digital disk (1999)

The DVD (digital versatile disk) standard was the first format to truly unite the computer and consumer electronics environments-but it also launched an unprecedented debate about copy protection. The DVD is much more than just a new and improved version of the CD. Advances in optical storage, signal processing, and disc manufacturing technology have emerged in the 15 years or so since the CD's birth, and the new disc includes or builds on many of them. But DVD has also been a wake-up call for the motion picture and music industries, rousing them to ready their intellectual property for the new age of digital distribution of content. Four main specifications apply to the physical media itself: one each for the DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, and DVD-RW. Next, at the logical layer, a common file system specification supports all applications. Named the Universal Disc Format (UDF), it was developed by the Optical Storage Trade Association, Santa Barbara, Calif. Together, the logical and physical layers support an overlying set of applications defined by the DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, and (as yet developmental) DVD-Professional specifications.
RSV bronchiolitis and risk of wheeze and allergic sensitisation in the first year of life (2002)

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been hypothesised to be a risk factor for the development of allergy and asthma, but epidemiological studies in older children have been inconclusive. The current study hypothesises that the effect of RSV bronchiolitis might be most prominent during the first year after bronchiolitis. Forty-two infants had experienced RSV bronchiolitis severe enough to cause hospitalisation. For each child with RSV infection, two controls were acquired from a birth cohort and matched for date of birth and sex. All the children were followed prospectively and underwent a follow-up examination at a mean age of 1 yr, which included physical examination, and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E tests for common food and inhaled allergens. Risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing and IgE antibodies were analysed for the whole group of 126 children. A positive test for IgE antibodies was noted in 14 of 42 (33%) RSV children and in 2 of 84 (2.3%) children in the control group. RSV bronchiolitis was the most important risk factor for allergic sensitisation. Likewise, 13 children (15.5%) of the RSV group and three (3.6%) children of the control group suffered from recurrent wheezing, and RSV bronchiolitis posed a considerable risk for recurrent wheezing. Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during the first year of life is an important risk factor for the development of recurrent wheezing and sensitisation to common allergens during the subsequent year.
Measurement of R2 dispersion profiles using Fast Field Cycling MRI (2017)

International audience
Large eddy simulations of confined turbulent wake flows (2011)

The influence of confinement on turbulent obstacle-free wake is numerically investigated by means of large eddy simulations (LES). The numerical solver makes use of a multi-domain Fourier-Chebyshev spectral method and the LES capability is implemented through a spectral vanishing viscosity technique. The geometry is channel like and the transverse direction is homogeneous. A top hat like velocity profile is assumed at the inlet and no slip conditions are considered at the confining walls. Prescribing the velocity ratio, defined as the ratio of the velocity gap to the mean velocity, we study the influence of confinement on such flows at the Reynolds number Re = 5000. Several quantities are analyzed, as one-dimensional velocity spectra, third-order structure function, turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. It turns out that for obstacle-free wakes confinement increases the intensity of turbulence and its three-dimensional feature.
Glycofullerene–AuNPs as multivalent ligands of DC-SIGN and bacterial lectin FimH: tuning nanoparticle size and ligand density (2023)

Glycoclusters have been extensively investigated for their inhibition of multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions, which is often the first step for bacterial and viral pathogens to selectively bind their host cells. Glycoclusters may thus prevent infections by blocking the microbe attachment onto the host cell surface. The potency of multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions is largely derived from the spatial arrangement of the ligand and the nature and flexibility of the linker. The size of the glycocluster may also have a dramatic impact on the multivalent effect. The main objective of this study is to provide a systematic comparison of gold nanoparticles of three representative sizes and ligand densities at their surface. Therefore, AuNPs with diameters of 20, 60, and 100 nm were coupled either to a monomeric D-mannoside or a decameric glycofullerene. Lectin DC-SIGN and lectin FimH were selected as representative models of viral and bacterial infections, respectively. We also report the synthesis of a hetero-cluster built from 20 nm AuNPs and a mannose-derived glycofullerene and monomeric fucosides. All final glycoAuNPs were evaluated as ligands of DC-SIGN- and FimH using the GlycoDiag LectProfile technology. This investigation revealed that the 20 nm AuNPs bearing glycofullerenes with short linker are the most potent binders of both DC-SIGN and FimH. Moreover, the hetero-glycoAuNPs showed an enhanced selectivity and inhibitory ability towards DC-SIGN. Hemagglutination inhibition assays using uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> corroborated the <i>in vitro</i> assays. Overall, these results showed smaller glycofullerene-AuNPs (20 nm) exhibited the best potential as anti-adhesive materials for a variety of bacterial and viral pathogens.
B19 Construction of Child Multi-Body Models, and Research on Visualization Method by Risk Mapping of Play Environments (2006)

The purpose of this study is to construct a method for visualizing dangers lurking in environments where children play. For this purpose, a risk map was created by using the simulation. For the simulation, a child multi-body model was created by using the anthropometry data, and existing body segment parameters for children were used. A parameter study was performed, and the influence of the inertial properties and the anthropometric dimensions on the behavior of falling was examined. Finally, taking the fall from a circular staircase attached to a playground slide as an example, falling accidents were simulated using the created model, and a risk map was constructed. As a result, unpredictable dangers lurking in the play environment could be visualized.
INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE IN RUSSIA BASED ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND LABORATORY DATA FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2005 TO 2012 (2013)

Exchange of information on and sharing of influenza viruses through the GISRS network has great significance for understanding influenza virus evolution, recognition of a new pandemic virus emergence and for preparing annual WHO recommendations on influenza vaccine strain composition. Influenza surveillance in Russia is based on collaboration of two NICs with 59 Regional Bases. Most epidemiological and laboratory data are entered through the internet into the electronic database at the Research Institute of Influenza (RII), where they are analyzed and then reported to the Ministry of Public Health of Russia. Simultaneously, data are introduced into WHO's Flu Net and Euro Flu, both electronic databases. Annual influenza epidemics of moderate intensity were registered during four pre-pandemic seasons. Children aged 0-2 and 3-6 years were the most affected groups of the population. Influenza registered clinically among hospitalized patients with respiratory infections for the whole epidemic period varied between 1.3 and 5.4% and up but to 18.5-23.0% during the peak of the two pandemic waves caused by influenza A(H1N1) pdm 09 virus and to lesser extent (2.9 to 8.5%) during usual seasonal epidemics. Most epidemics were associated with influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B co-circulation. During the two pandemic waves (in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011) influenza A(H1N1) pdm 09 predominated. It was accompanied by a rapid growth of influenza morbidity with a significant increase of both hospitalization and mortality. The new pandemic virus displaced the previous seasonal A(H1N1) virus completely. As a rule, most of the influenza viruses circulating in Russia were antigenic ally related to the strains recommended by WHO for vaccine composition for the Northern hemisphere with the exception of two seasons when an unexpected replacement of the influenza B Victoria lineage by Yamagata lineage (2007-2008) and the following return of Victoria lineage viruses (2008-2009) was registered. Influenza surveillance in Russia was improved as a result of enhancing capacity to international standards and the introduction of new methods in NICs such as rRT-PCR diagnosis, regular testing of influenza viruses for susceptibility to antivirals, phylogenetic analysis as well as organization of sentinel surveillance in a number of Regional Base Laboratories. Improvements promoted rapid recognition of the appearance a new pandemic virus in the country and enhancement of confirmation tests in investigation of influenza related death cases.
The Blessings of Multiple Causes (2018)

Causal inference from observational data often assumes "ignorability," that all confounders are observed. This assumption is standard yet untestable. However, many scientific studies involve multiple causes, different variables whose effects are simultaneously of interest. We propose the deconfounder, an algorithm that combines unsupervised machine learning and predictive model checking to perform causal inference in multiple-cause settings. The deconfounder infers a latent variable as a substitute for unobserved confounders and then uses that substitute to perform causal inference. We develop theory for the deconfounder, and show that it requires weaker assumptions than classical causal inference. We analyze its performance in three types of studies: semi-simulated data around smoking and lung cancer, semi-simulated data around genome-wide association studies, and a real dataset about actors and movie revenue. The deconfounder provides a checkable approach to estimating closer-to-truth causal effects.
Ammonia sensing properties of different polyaniline-based composite nanofibres (2017)

Polyamide 6 (PA6), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) have been prepared by electrospinning. Electrospun CA nanofibres are deacetylated to obtain cellulose nanofibres. Polyaniline (PANI)-based composite nanofibres have been prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline with the electrospun PA6, PAN and cellulose nanofibres separately. Structural and chemical examinations of the prepared composite nanofibres are conducted by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sensing properties of the PANI-based composite nanofibres to ammonia are evaluated by a home-made sensor test system. It is found that PA6/PANI, PAN/PANI and cellulose/PANI composite nanofibres respond to ammonia. Cellulose/PANI composite nanofibres show the best ammonia sensing properties among them, whose response to 250 ppm ammonia is found to be 2.70, followed by PA6/PANI (1.52) and PAN/PANI’s (1.23).
Electro-Optic Kerr Effect and Polarization Reversal in Deuterium-Doped Rochelle Salt (1960)

Polarization reversal as a function of nucleation and growth of domains in ferroelectric deuterium-doped Rochelle salt was investigated by means of the electro-optic Kerr effect. The results indicate that a phenomenological model based on statistical nucleation of domains in a plane including the ferroelectric axis followed by a two-dimensional sidewise expansion of the domains, will adequately account for the experimental observations for fields larger than 50 volts/cm. For lower fields, the process is controlled primarily by the nucleation of new domains due to localized stresses which hinder the displacement of domain walls.
Geometric and Hemodynamic Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Reconstruction Techniques for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Wall Shear Stress in the Setting of Clinical Disease Progression (2011)

Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death are usually due to the rapid progression of previously non-flow limiting atherosclerotic plaques that transform to an unstable (i.e., vulnerable) phenotype. Despite considerable advances in medical therapies and treatment modalities for coronary artery disease (CAD), there is no accurate method to predict the site of abrupt lesion progression that can lead to an acute coronary event. Wall shear stress (WSS) has not only been implicated in the development of CAD, but also in its rapid progression [1]. Recent data from our laboratory indicates significant plaque progression in areas of low WSS (&lt;10 dynes/cm2), plaque regression in regions of physiologic WSS (10–25 dynes/cm2), and phenotypic transformation towards an unstable lesion in regions of high WSS (&gt;25 dynes/cm2) [2].
<title>Method of phase diversity in multi-aperture systems utilizing individual sub-aperture control</title> (2005)

Multi-aperture systems allow a natural method of implementing phase diversity for the joint estimation of both pupil aberrations and an image of the object. Instead of creating diversity images by means of focus adjustments, one can actuate the individual sub-apertures of the system (e.g., with a piston phase) to introduce known phase diversity. Implementation of a nonlinear optimization routine is discussed. Through digital simulation, this paper investigates the performance of a sub-aperture piston diversity algorithm by tracking Strehl ratio and the probability and speed of convergence of the nonlinear optimization routine.
Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. XVI: Distinctive role of discrete regions of class I MHC antigens in the autologous mixed leucocyte reaction. (1989)

The role of Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the autologous (AMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed to polymorphic MHC determinants. The AMLR from subjects with the HLA-A2 phenotype was consistently inhibited by the anti-HLA-A2 MoAb, CR11-351, and the inhibition was dose-dependent and complete even at low antibody concentrations. The allogeneic MLR was inhibited by CR11-351 less than 30% when HLA-A2-bearing cells were used either as stimulator or responder cells. Addition of interleukins 1 and/or 2 to the AMLR in the presence of the inhibiting MoAbs did not restore the proliferative response. These studies suggest that Class I MHC polymorphic determinants, or closely related structures, participate in the induction of the AMLR.
Feeding the intensive care patient (2001)

The present review highlights recent findings (focusing on papers published between October 1999 and December 2000) in nutritional support of intensive care unit patients. During the past year, research focused on the use of enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition, and on the best composition of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition according to the clinical condition of the patient. With regard to enteral nutrition, the pH of nutritional support, the timing of administration and the technique of tube placement were debated. Immunomodulating agents and hormonal manipulations may improve outcomes of critically ill patients, but still warrant further research before they can be recommended for routine clinical use.
Antennas for 5G: state-of-the-art and open challenges (2020)

5G technology provides users with a significantly better experience and is a key enabler of massive connectivity between people-to-people and people-to-machines as well as machines-to-machines. The low -latency transmission promised by 5G opens up the possibilities for implementing remote healthcare, self -driving cars, and virtual reality/augmented reality. 5G technology includes fully digital beamforming, multiple access technologies, and massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) to deliver higher data rates, higher bandwidth, and lower latency. Antenna along with other microwave systems plays an important role in achieving key features of 5G technology. Unlike a single base station antenna array technology, in 1990, the modern antenna system has evolved from a passive to an active antenna system with integrated radios and digital baseband processing units.
Open source system OpenVPN in a function of Virtual Private Network (2017)

Using of Virtual Private Networks (VPN) can establish high security level in network communication. VPN technology enables high security networking using distributed or public network infrastructure. VPN uses different security and managing rules inside networks. It can be set up using different communication channels like Internet or separate ISP communication infrastructure. VPN private network makes security communication channel over public network between two endpoints (computers). OpenVPN is an open source software product under GNU General Public License (GPL) that can be used to establish VPN communication between two computers inside business local network over public communication infrastructure. It uses special security protocols and 256-bit Encryption and it is capable of traversing network address translators (NATs) and firewalls. It allows computers to authenticate each other using a pre-shared secret key, certificates or username and password. This work gives review of VPN technology with a special accent on OpenVPN. This paper will also give comparison and financial benefits of using open source VPN software in business environment.
Cross-Species Genomics Reveals Oncogenic Dependencies in ZFTA/C11orf95 Fusion–Positive Supratentorial Ependymomas (2021)

Molecular groups of supratentorial ependymomas comprise tumors with <i>ZFTA-RELA</i> or <i>YAP1</i>-involving fusions and fusion-negative subependymoma. However, occasionally supratentorial ependymomas cannot be readily assigned to any of these groups due to lack of detection of a typical fusion and/or ambiguous DNA methylation-based classification. An unbiased approach with a cohort of unprecedented size revealed distinct methylation clusters composed of tumors with ependymal but also various other histologic features containing alternative translocations that shared <i>ZFTA</i> as a partner gene. Somatic overexpression of <i>ZFTA</i>-associated fusion genes in the developing cerebral cortex is capable of inducing tumor formation <i>in vivo</i>, and cross-species comparative analyses identified <i>GLI2</i> as a key downstream regulator of tumorigenesis in all tumors. Targeting GLI2 with arsenic trioxide caused extended survival of tumor-bearing animals, indicating a potential therapeutic vulnerability in ZFTA fusion-positive tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: <i>ZFTA-RELA</i> fusions are a hallmark feature of supratentorial ependymoma. We find that ZFTA acts as a partner for alternative transcriptional activators in oncogenic fusions of supratentorial tumors with various histologic characteristics. Establishing representative mouse models, we identify potential therapeutic targets shared by <i>ZFTA</i> fusion-positive tumors, such as GLI2.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113</i>.
A Physical Simulator Integrated with Soft Sensors for Mastering Tissue Manipulation in Robotic Surgery (2022)

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery requires the surgeons to learn the new control dynamics of the surgical instruments and, usually, how to deal with the loss of haptic feedback. Indeed, excessive forces applied to delicate tissues as blood vessels may cause dramatic intraoperative events, such as major bleeding. Training plays a paramount role to prevent the onset of such adverse events. This work focuses on the development of an anatomy-based physical simulator of pulmonary vein for mastering tissue manipulation while using a surgical robot. The silicone-based simulator was integrated with soft strain sensors. Sensor data were characterized and used for objective skill assessment and for giving a visuo-acoustic feedback to the trainee. Preliminary user studies were carried out using the da Vinci surgical system, which lacks haptic feedback. These tests allowed us to assess the construct validity of the simulator, as well as the effectiveness of the feedback to reduce the stress applied to the vein. Future studies include an extensive validation of such a simulator as a training platform, specifically focusing on how this type of training later translates into clinical performances.
Mass spectrometry for planetary science (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ion Optics Mass Spectrometry Discussion
A novel 3D indirect co-culture system based on a collagen hydrogel scaffold for enhancing the osteogenesis of stem cells (2020)

In this study, the paracrine effect between adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and osteoblasts was investigated in collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. 3D encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in hydrogel scaffolds was conducted for bone tissue regeneration. Osteoblasts were encapsulated in alginate microbeads with uniform size, which could be controlled by varying the supply voltage using electrostatic droplet extrusion. Osteoblast-encapsulated microbeads were embedded with ADSCs in collagen bulk hydrogel scaffolds with a high survival rate. The separated space between the two types of cells made it possible to confirm ADSC differentiation into osteogenic lineages in the 3D collagen hydrogel scaffold by the paracrine effect in vitro. Furthermore, co-cultured ADSC and osteoblasts showed enhanced bone formation compared with the ADSC monoculture group in the rat calvarial defect model. The system developed in this study provides a novel in vitro tissue model for bone regeneration without exogenous factors, and it has the potential to be used to study the paracrine effect in various co-culture systems in the near future.