gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of insulation material in advanced high power IGBT modules with extended operation temperature (2010)

Silicone gels are widely used as dielectric insulation in telecommunication, electronics and automotive markets. The reason is found in the unique combination of mechanical and electrical properties, especially the softness, the deform-ability, and the tackiness of the gel. These properties of the silicone gels make them suitable for the use in the package of insulated gate bipolar transistors. Power dissipation in the device coupled with increased demands due to higher junction temperature and the demand for low temperature storage are challenging the packaging technology of IGBT modules. The investigation focuses on the current insulation material and two alternatives where the electrical and mechanical properties were compared under these more demanding conditions.
Inhibition Studies of Sulfonamide-Containing Folate Analogs in Yeast (2003)

In the folate biosynthetic pathway, sulfa drugs (sulfonamides and sulfones) compete with the natural substrate, para-aminobenzoate (pABA) causing depletion of dihydrofolate (DHF) and subsequent growth inhibition. The sulfa drugs condense with 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8 dihydropteridine pyrophosphate (DHPPP) forming sulfa-dihydropteroate (sulfa-DHP). Here evidence is presented using yeast that such dihydropteroate (DHP) analogs are inhibitory through competition with DHF. Two folate synthesis mutants, with respective dihydrofolate synthase (DHFS) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) deletions and requiring DHF for growth were exposed to sulfa drugs. The DHFS knockout mutant was inhibited, but the DHPS knockout mutant that was incapable of forming sulfa-DHP was insensitive. Such sulfa-DHP compounds were chemically synthesized and shown to be inhibitory in vivo by competing with DHF, but in vitro assays with double the concentration of the sulfa-DHP to DHF showed no inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Sequence analysis of resistant mutants obtained in the presence of sulfa drugs showed no changes in DHFR, or DHPS, unlike previously found antifolate-resistant mutants. The diamino derivatives, which are precursors of the sulfa-DHP, were found to be DHFR inhibitors. These results suggest that a new class of drugs, based on DHP analogs, could be investigated.
Answering Definitional Questions: A Hybrid Approach (2004)

We present DefScriber, a fully implemented system that combines knowledge-based and statistical methods in forming multi-sentence answers to open-ended definitional questions of the form, "What is X?" We show how a set of definitional predicates proposed as the knowledge-based side of our approach can be used to guide the selection of definitional sentences. Finally, we present results of an evaluation of definitions generated by DefScriber from Internet documents.
Nutritional Management of Patients Undergoing Surgery following Diagnosis with Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (2008)

There is currently little guidance for nutritional management of EPS. From this study we recommend (1) a high level of clinical suspicion for EPS, especially if PD patients have weight loss; (2) PN may be better than NG feeding but further studies into dual enteral nutrition and PN are needed; (3) aggressive nutritional supplementation pre- and postoperatively; and (4) dietitians need to recognize the high risk of refeeding syndrome.
The Reductive Alkylation of Primary Aromatic Amines with Raney Nickel and Alcohols (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reductive Alkylation of Primary Aromatic Amines with Raney Nickel and AlcoholsC. AinsworthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 8, 1635–1636Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01589a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01589a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel method to quantify traction in a vitrectomy procedure (2010)

The traction was directly proportional to the aspiration vacuum and inversely proportional to the cut rate. The cutter traction force increased with proximity to the retina.
Comparison of Results of Wire Subcision Performed Alone, With Fills, and/or With Adjacent Surgical Procedures (2008)

The use of wire subcision for resistant wrinkles, folds, or scars can result in a satisfactory outcome with minimal complications when used as a solitary procedure. Results may be further optimized with the immediate addition of fill into the released tract. An adjacent aesthetic surgical procedure that impacts at the subcised site may provide additional benefit to the site, but not as much as observed with the usage of an immediate fill. Autogenous fills that are substantitive provide longer lasting effects because of volume and tissue acceptance.
A Support Vector Machine-Based Dynamic Network for Visual Speech Recognition Applications (2002)

Visual speech recognition is an emerging research field. In this paper, we examine the suitability of support vector machines for visual speech recognition. Each word is modeled as a temporal sequence of visemes corresponding to the different phones realized. One support vector machine is trained to recognize each viseme and its output is converted to a posterior probability through a sigmoidal mapping. To model the temporal character of speech, the support vector machines are integrated as nodes into a Viterbi lattice. We test the performance of the proposed approach on a small visual speech recognition task, namely the recognition of the first four digits in English. The word recognition rate obtained is at the level of the previous best reported rates.
An Approach To The Avoiding Obstacle Problem By The Vibrating Potential Method (2005)

This paper presents a solution to the avoiding obstacle problem by using a technique known as the Vibrating Potential Method (VPM). By using the VPM, each Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) can decide its movement through detection of wave motion of the environment surroundings.
STI approach for predicting the effect of fluctuating interference on speech intelligibility (1990)

The modulation transfer function (MTF) and the derived speech transmission index (STI) have been successfully applied to predict the effects of interfering noise and time-domain distortions on speech intelligibility. Results of experiments using fluctuating interference (e.g., chopped noise) show, however, that the STI can grossly underestimate performance in such conditions. It was found that STI predictions for fluctuating interference can be considerably improved by modifying the calculation scheme. The normal approach is based on calculation of the modulation reduction m according to the simple relation m = 1/ (I + IN/IS), where the signal and noise intensities IN, and IN are averaged over a certain time interval. In the modified approach, m instead of noise intensity is averaged, and, additionally, a low-pass filter is applied to the intensity envelope function to account for the limited auditory temporal resolution. Predictions based on this method are generally quite good, except for an underestimation of the masking efficiency of slowly fluctuating signals (with modulation frequencies below 4 Hz).
Travel-time based model of bioremediation using circulation wells. (2002)

Vertical circulation wells can efficiently provide microorganisms with substrates needed for enhanced bioremediation. We present a travel-time based approach for modelling bioreactive transport in a flow field caused by a series of circulation wells. Mixing within the aquifer is due to the differences in sorption behaviour of the reactants. Neglecting local dispersion, transport simplifies to a single one-dimensional problem with constant coefficients for each well. Recirculation is characterized by the discharge densities over travel time. We apply the model to the stimulation of cometabolic dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) by alternate injection of oxygen and toluene into the circulation wells.
Deprotection blur in extreme ultraviolet photoresists: Influence of base loading and post-exposure bake temperature (2009)

The deprotection blur of Rohm and Haas XP 5435, XP 5271, and XP 5496 extreme ultraviolet photoresists has been determined as their base weight percent is varied. The authors have also determined the deprotection blur of TOK EUVR P1123 photoresist as the post-exposure bake temperature is varied from 80to120°C. In Rohm and Haas XP 5435 and XP 5271 resists seven times and three times (respective) increases in base weight percent reduce the size of successfully patterned 1:1 line-space features by 16 and 8nm with corresponding reductions in deprotection blur of 7 and 4nm. In XP 5496 a seven times increase in base weight percent reduces the size of successfully patterned 1:1 line-space features from 48to38nm without changing deprotection blur. In TOK EUVR P1123 resist, a reduction in post-exposure bake temperature from 100to80°C reduces deprotection blur from 21to10nm and reduces patterned line-edge roughness from 4.8to4.1nm.
Clinical Diabetes and the Diabetes Epidemic (2003)

The incidence of diabetes is rising sharply as the population grows older and more obese. Since 1960, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes has increased by two- to threefold.1 At the same time, awareness of diabetes as a heart disease equivalent has evolved.2 It is more crucial than ever for diabetic patients to receive optimal care.

However, according to national surveys taken between 1988 and 1995, as described in the review by Tulloch-Reid and Williams in this issue (p. 43), such care was not the norm during this time. In the years since, an abundance of medical research has accumulated demonstrating the necessity of treating glucose, blood pressure, and lipids aggressively and of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and aspirin to prevent the development of macro- and microvascular complications.3 With the wealth of evidence available from clinical research, the quality of diabetes care has hopefully improved in step with the evolution of this new knowledge.

The role of Clinical Diabetes is to disseminate timely information in an effort to improve care by translating important results from diabetes research into reviews, advice, and guidelines for health care providers. During the past 5 years, under the …
Improving the performance of Hadoop Hive by sharing scan and computation tasks (2014)

MapReduce is a popular programming model for executing time-consuming analytical queries as a batch of tasks on large scale data clusters. In environments where multiple queries with similar selection predicates, common tables, and join tasks arrive simultaneously, many opportunities can arise for sharing scan and/or join computation tasks. Executing common tasks only once can remarkably reduce the total execution time of a batch of queries. In this study, we propose a Multiple Query Optimization framework, SharedHive, to improve the overall performance of Hadoop Hive, an open source SQL-based data warehouse using MapReduce. SharedHive transforms a set of correlated HiveQL queries into a new set of insert queries that will produce all of the required outputs within a shorter execution time. It is experimentally shown that SharedHive achieves significant reductions in total execution times of TPC-H queries.
Synchronized measurement concept for failure handling in software-defined smart grid communications (2017)

Future power grids - due to the ongoing development towards distributed, renewable generation - depend heavily on reliable real-time monitoring and control. Thus appropriate Information and Communication Technologies are crucial to guarantee stable grid operation. Software-Defined Networking is being considered for handling the diverse requirements of Smart Grid communications. In particular, simultaneous failures of power and communication systems need to be addressed nearly instantaneously (sub 10 milliseconds) to secure timely operation of critical protection functions. To evaluate such scenarios the exact time and sequence of events, in case of communication failures, need to be determined. Hence, a Smart Grid Software-Defined Networking testbed is introduced. It comprises a purpose-built hardware platform that synchronizes networking devices, allowing for highly accurate delay measurements. The platform also enables the precise interruption of communication links. It mimics the characteristics of physical link disruptions, facilitating the study of triggered effects and their time of occurrence. The resulting measurement set-up enables a conclusive comparison of different recovery approaches based on Software-Defined Networking. Finally the need for advanced failure detection mechanisms, such as Bidirectional Forwarding Detection or controller heartbeats, is shown.
Characterization of β-1,2-Mannosyltransferase in Candida guilliermondii and Its Utilization in the Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides (1997)

A particulate insoluble enzyme fraction containing mannosyltransferases from Candida guilliermondii IFO 10279 strain cells was obtained as the residue after extracting a 105,000 x g pellet of cell homogenate with 1% Triton X-100. Incubation of this fraction with a mannopentaose, Manalpha1-->3(Manalpha1-->6)Manalpha1-->2Manalpha1+ ++-->2Man, in the presence of GDP-mannose and Mn2+ ion at pH 6.0 gave a third type of beta-1,2 linkage-containing mannohexaose, Manbeta1-->2Manalpha1-->3(Manalpha1-->6)Manalpha1++ +-->2Manalpha1-->2Man , the structure of which was identified by means of a sequential NMR assignment. The results of a substrate specificity study indicated that the beta-1,2-mannosyltransferase requires a mannobiosyl unit, Manalpha1--> 3Manalpha1-->, at the nonreducing terminal site. We synthesized novel oligosaccharides using substrates possessing a nonreducing terminal alpha-1,3-linked mannose unit prepared from various yeast mannans. Further incubation of the enzymatically synthesized oligosaccharide with the enzyme fraction gave the following structure, Manbeta1-->2Manbeta1-->2Manalpha1-->3(Manalpha1- ->6)Manalpha1--> 2Manalpha1-->2Man, which has been found to correspond to antigenic factor 9. Incubation of Candida albicans serotype B mannan with the enzyme fraction gave significantly transformed mannan, which contains the third type of beta-1,2-linked mannose units.
The immunosuppressant FK506 increases the rate of axonal regeneration in rat sciatic nerve (1995)

The axonal regenerative properties of the new immunosuppressant drug FK506 (tacrolimus) are further explored in this continuing study. In an initial report (Gold et al., 1994a), we described the ability of FK506 to reduce the time until return of function in the hind feet of rats following a sciatic nerve crush. In the present study, we examined the morphological correlate underlying this enhancement of functional recovery. In rats receiving daily subcutaneous injections of FK506 (1.0 mg/kg) for 18 d following a sciatic nerve crush the regenerating axons appeared larger in size compared to saline-injected control animals. Morphometric analysis of axonal calibers in the soleus nerve demonstrated that mean axonal areas for the largest 30% of axons were increased over axotomized control values by 93% in the FK506-treated animals. Next, the rate of axonal regeneration was determined by radiolabeling the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 9 and 14 d following axotomy. Regression analysis of the outgrowth distances for sensory axons between 10 and 15 d revealed a 16% increase in regeneration rate. Electron microscopy of intramuscular nerve branches in the interosseus muscles confirmed that the axons in the FK506-treated animals were further advanced toward their targets; in some instances, axons were shown to reinnervate muscle spindles. The results are discussed in terms of the known ability of FK506 to inhibit the activity protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin).
Characterizing the 2.4 GHz Spectrum in a Hospital Environment: Modeling and Applicability to Coexistence Testing of Medical Devices (2016)

The increasing use of shared, unlicensed spectrum bands by medical devices and nonmedical products highlights the need to address wireless coexistence to ensure medical device safety and effectiveness. This paper provides the first step to approximate the probability of a device coexisting in its intended environment by providing a generalized framework for modeling the environment. The application of this framework is shown through an 84-day spectrum survey of the 2.4-2.48 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band in a hospital environment in the United States. A custom platform was used to monitor power flux spectral density and record received power. Channel utilization of three nonoverlapping channels of 20 MHz bandwidth-relative to IEEE 802.11 channels 1, 6, and 11-were calculated and fitted to a generalized extreme value distribution. Low channel utilization was observed (<10%) in the surveyed environment with sporadic occurrences of higher channel utilization (>50%). Reported findings can be complementary to wireless coexistence testing. This paper can provide input to the development of a consensus standard for wireless device coexistence test methods and a consensus document focused on wireless medical device coexistence risk management.
Head maturation pathway of bacteriophages T4 and T2. IV. In vitro transformation of T4 head-related particles produced by mutants in gene 17 to capsid-like structures (1978)

T4 mutants in gene 17 accumulate particles which contain the main head protein in the cleaved form (gp23*) arranged in an unexpanded lattice (empty small particles), together with other expanded capsids (empty large particles). The isolated empty small particles can be transformed in vitro, by lowering the ionic strength, to capsid-like structures. This structural transformaton is not coupled to chemical modification of the structural proteins of the empty small particles. In contrast to unexpanded particles that are easily dissociated, the transformed structures are as resistant to dissociation as other T-even head-related particles with expanded lattice. Furthermore, the transformed particles are able to bind in vitro hoc and soc proteins, rendering capsids indistinguishable from the normal T4 capsids both morphologically and by their stability against denaturing agents. Our results indicate that the in vitro transformation of the empty small particles might mimic important and characteristic aspects of the in vivo maturation of T4 heads, thus suggesting a possible role of the "cleaved but unexpanded" particle in the maturation pathway of the T4 shell.
Generic components to foster reuse (2002)

Software reuse, and especially the paradigm of software components, is a promising approach to increase the efficiency of software development. One of the basic problems of software reuse, however, is the trade-off between the abstraction from project-specific aspects on the one side, and the actual contribution of a reusable component during the realization of a new system on the other side. Conventional components with fixed properties are trapped within the inherent tension between overly general and less efficient solutions satisfying a large number of niche requirements, and specifically optimized but less reusable designs for each point in the requirements space. Generic components which are designed and implemented to be mechanically adaptable to new application scenarios allow to overcome these limitations and help to drastically increase the efficiency of software development. This paper introduces the fundamental concepts of generic components and particularly discusses viable techniques to implement generic components. It furthermore shows how generic components may be instantiated automatically by tools and reports on our first experiences in using generic components for the construction of embedded operating systems.
The New Cultural Revolution (1995)

This paper discusses the impact of culture on information technology diffusion. In particular, it examines the adoption of EDI in the Asian Pacific region and the remarkable differences which can be found between examples such as Hong Kong and Singapore, despite their alignments within the â€œFour Dragonsâ€ and their shared culture. The proposed informatisation of China through the â€œThree Golden Projectsâ€ presents an enormous challenge to a developing economy and a culture which has remained behind closed doors for the greater part of the IT revolution. The particular role of the Confucian philosophy in economic development is explored and a number of issues raised which may assist the implementation of EDI in China but also have implications for cultural change.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrodecarboxylation of Carboxylic and Malonic Acid Derivatives via Organic Photoredox Catalysis: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insight. (2016)

Abstract The direct photolytic decarboxylation of a variety of carboxylic acids is presented.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) of Prostatic Fluids for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2005)

Abstract : In this study, the metabolic profiles of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) from 52 men with prostate cancer (PCa) and from 26 healthy controls were analyzed using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMRS). The metabolites quantified included citrate, spermine, myo-inositol, lactate, alanine, phosphocholine, glutamine, acetate, and hydroxybutyrate. Logistic regression (LR) was used to model the risk of PCa based on metabolite concentrations while adjusting for age. The LR models indicated that the absolute concentrations of citrate, myo-inositol, and spermine were highly predictive of PCa and inversely related to the risk of PCa. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) for citrate, myo-inositol and spermine were 0.89, 0.87, and 0.79, respectively. At 90% sensitivity, these metabolites had specificities of 74%, 51% and 34%, respectively. The LR analysis indicated that absolute levels of these three metabolites were independent of age. The results indicate that citrate, myo-inositol and spermine are potentially important markers of PCa in human EPS. Further, the absolute concentration of these metabolites in EPS appears to be independent of age, increasing the potential utility of these markers due to elimination of age as a confounding variable.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiaggregative Activity of Novel ω‐Achiral Carba‐ Analogues of Prostacyclin. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.