gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transverse Anderson Localization in Disordered Glass Optical Fibers: A Review (2014)

Disordered optical fibers show novel waveguiding properties that can be used for various device applications, such as beam-multiplexed optical communications and endoscopic image transport. The strong transverse scattering from the transversely disordered optical fibers results in transversely confined beams that can freely propagate in the longitudinal direction, similar to conventional optical fibers, with the advantage that any point in the cross section of the fiber can be used for beam transport. For beam multiplexing and imaging applications, it is highly desirable to make the localized beam radius as small as possible. This requires large refractive index differences between the materials that define the random features in the disordered fiber. Here, disordered glass-air fibers are briefly reviewed, where randomly placed airholes in a glass matrix provide the sufficiently large refractive index difference of 0.5 for strong random transverse scattering. The main future challenge for the fabrication of an optimally disordered glass-air fibers is to increase the fill-fraction of airholes to nearly 50% for maximum beam confinement.
New Metabolites ofStreptomyces alboniger (1973)

Journal Article New Metabolites of Streptomyces alboniger Get access Yaacov Zvi Frohwein, Yaacov Zvi Frohwein Fermentation Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 1172, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zipporah Dafni, Zipporah Dafni Fermentation Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 1172, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Morton Friedman, Morton Friedman Fermentation Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 1172, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard I Mateles Richard I Mateles Fermentation Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 1172, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 3, 1 March 1973, Pages 679–680, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860729 Published: 01 March 1973 Article history Received: 04 July 1972 Published: 01 March 1973
Polymer constraint effect for electrothermal bimorph microactuators (2007)

The authors report on the analysis of the polymer constraint effect and its use for a micromachined electrothermal bimorph actuator. The actuated displacement is enhanced due to the polymer constraint effect. Both the thermal expansion and apparent Young’s modulus of the constrained polymer blocks are significantly improved, compared with the no constraint case. The calculation that agrees well with experimental results provides the means to optimize the design of the constrained polymer stack electrothermal microactuator.
Cost-effectiveness of HA-1A Monoclonal Antibody for Gram-Negative Sepsis (1991)

Economic assessment of new technologies early in their development can be used to guide their efficient clinical introduction.
Early Stroke Recognition: Developing an Out‐of‐hospital NIH Stroke Scale (1997)

Using the derivation data set, a proposed Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale had a high sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with stroke when performed by physicians in this group of 299 ED patients. Prospective studies of other health care professionals using the scale in the out-of-hospital arena are needed.
Three Dimensional Modeling Of Free-Electron Lasers Using Rigorous Wave Propagation (1986)

The essential features of generalized numerical models developed at Rocketdyne to compute rigorously the 3 D transverse mode structure of free-electron laser oscillators are presented. The oscillator may consist of a conventional standing or a traveling wave cavity, or may be more complex, and contain intracavity grazing optical elements. Numerical resolution needed to (1) compute the gain due to a spatially distributed electron beam and (2) propagate the electromagnetic field when coupled to this gain are discussed with illustrative examples.
Hybrid supercapacitor-battery materials for fast electrochemical charge storage (2014)

High energy and high power electrochemical energy storage devices rely on different fundamental working principles--bulk vs. surface ion diffusion and electron conduction. Meeting both characteristics within a single or a pair of materials has been under intense investigations yet, severely hindered by intrinsic materials limitations. Here, we provide a solution to this issue and present an approach to design high energy and high power battery electrodes by hybridizing a nitroxide-polymer redox supercapacitor (PTMA) with a Li-ion battery material (LiFePO4). The PTMA constituent dominates the hybrid battery charge process and postpones the LiFePO4 voltage rise by virtue of its ultra-fast electrochemical response and higher working potential. We detail on a unique sequential charging mechanism in the hybrid electrode: PTMA undergoes oxidation to form high-potential redox species, which subsequently relax and charge the LiFePO4 by an internal charge transfer process. A rate capability equivalent to full battery recharge in less than 5 minutes is demonstrated. As a result of hybrid's components synergy, enhanced power and energy density as well as superior cycling stability are obtained, otherwise difficult to achieve from separate constituents.
The effectiveness of human placental lactogen measurements as an adjunct in decreasing perinatal deaths. Results of a retrospective and a randomized controlled prospective study. (1975)

Serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were measured in high-risk pregnancies. A retrospective analysis of 101 gestations with a perinatal loss showed that the 71 stillbirths had abnormally low fetal-danger zone (F-D zone) HPL levels (50.7%) before the fetus died (normal smaller than 1%). With severe hypertension, 85.7% of the cases had F-D zone HPL values prior to fetal death. Abnormal low F-D zone HPL values were found in 20% of the 30 neonatal deaths. A 3 year randomized controlled treatment series was done with 2,7333 women (1,362 treatment and 1,371 control) who had serial serum HPL measurements performed at each prenatal visit. The frequency of F-D zone HPL values was similar (8.6% treatment and 8.2% control). The results showed that although the neonatal mortality rates were similar, the HPL treatment group had a significantly lower fetal death rate (2.6 vs. 14.2%) and thus perinatal mortality rate (3.4 vs. 15.0%). This study supports the usefulness of routine prenatal HPL measurements in the management of high-risk pregnancies.
The ELT in 2017: The Year of the Primary Mirror (2018)

The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is at the core of ESO’s vision to deliver the largest optical and infrared telescope in the world. With its unrivalled sensitivity and angular resolution the ELT will transform our view of the Universe: from exoplanets to resolved stellar populations, from galaxy evolution to cosmology and fundamental physics. This article focuses on one of the most challenging aspects of the entire programme, the 39-metre primary mirror (M1). 2017 was a particularly intense year for M1, the main highlight being the approval by ESO’s Council to proceed with construction of the entire mirror. In addition, several contracts have been placed to ensure that the giant primary mirror will be operational at first light.
CYP4B1 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 1) (2012)

Review on CYP4B1 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLIERUNGSAKTIVITAET O‐ACETYLIERTER HYDROXYLAMIN‐DERIVATE (1970)

Abstract Am Beispiel der Acetylierung von Benzylamin wird der Konstitutionseinfluß auf die Acylierungsaktivität von O‐Acetylhydroxylaminen untersucht und Zahlenwerte über den Zusammenhang zwischen chemischer Konstitution und der Acylierungsaktivität gegeben.
Distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptor proteins m1 to m4 in area 17 of normal and monocularly deprived rhesus monkeys (1997)

Antibodies to muscarinic cholinergic receptor proteins m1 to m4 were used in striate cortex tissue of normal rhesus monkeys to determine the laminar distribution of these proteins with special attention to geniculorecipient layers. The normal patterns were compared to those of monkeys whose ocular dominance system had been altered by visual deprivation. In normal monkeys, immunoreactivity of all four proteins was localized in complex laminar patterns; m1 was densest in layers 2, 3, and 6, followed by layer 5. In contrast, m2 reactivity was densest in lower layer 4C and in 4A; the latter exhibited a honeycomb pattern. Layers 2 and 3 displayed alternating dense and light regions; this pattern was complementary to that of cytochrome oxidase (CytOx). Laminar immunoreactivity for the m3 receptor was similar to the CytOx pattern, including a honeycomb in 4A and a pattern of alternating darker and lighter patches in layers 2/3. Antibody to m4 reacted most densely with layers 1, 2, 3, and 5, layers 2 and 3 exhibited alternating dark and light regions, and layer 4A had a faint honeycomb. Layer 4C was the lightest band. The differential distribution of these four muscarinic receptor subtypes suggests distinct roles in cholinergic modulation of visual processing in the primate striate cortex. Furthermore, all four muscarinic receptors appear to be insensitive to elimination of visual input via monocular occlusion from birth, to deprivation of pattern vision in one eye during a specific time period in adulthood, and to long-term retinal injury.
Optimization of Ampacity for the Unequally Loaded Power Cables in Duct Banks (2010)

This paper presents a method of the ampacity optimization for power cables in duct banks under unequal loads. The ampacities of power cables were calculated on the basis of IEC 60287 standard, then the thermal field distribution of the duct banks was computed by means of finite element analysis (FEA). On this basis, an optimization method was proposed to maximize the loading capacity of the cable group. The ampacities and thermal fields under two optimization layouts were recalculated and compared with the original layout. The results showed that the thermal field can be improved effectively and the ampacity can be increased remarkably by appropriate layout optimization.
Fully MHC-Disparate Mixed Hemopoietic Chimeras Show Specific Defects in the Control of Chronic Viral Infections (2007)

The establishment of mixed allogeneic chimerism can induce donor-specific transplantation tolerance across full MHC barriers. However, a theoretical disadvantage of this approach is the possibility that the state of mixed chimerism might negatively affect the recipient's immune competence to control pathogens. Previous studies using murine models have not supported this hypothesis, because they indicate that acute viral infections are cleared by chimeric animals with similar kinetics to that of unmanipulated controls. However, chronic or persistent viral infections often require a more complex and sustained response with cooperation between CD4 Th cells, CTL, and B cells for effective control. The current study indicates that profound defects become manifest in the control of chronic pathogenic infections in MHC-disparate mixed allogeneic chimeric mice. Furthermore, we show that ineffective priming of the donor-restricted CTL response leads to virus persistence, as well as severe T cell exhaustion. Our results further suggest that either T cell adoptive immunotherapy or selected MHC haplotype matching partially restore immune competence. These approaches may facilitate the translation of mixed chimerism therapeutic regimens.
Parallel and Fault-Tolerant Routing in Nanoscale Spin-Wave Architectures. (2007)

Abstract- In this paper, we present a number of parallel and fault-tolerant routing schemes for a set of nanoscale spin-wave architectures. The architectures considered here have several features, including the ability to simultaneously transmit multiple data on the same spinwave bus using different frequencies, as well as the capability to perform concurrent writes. These parallel features result in several parallel and fault-tolerant routing schemes that are investigated here. By alternating paths to transmit data, the spin-wave architectures can be reconfigured to avoid various faults present in the underlying switches, hence rendering a set of fault-tolerant architectures.
Identification and functional characterisation of the cellular activating transcription factor 43 (ATF-43) protein (1991)

The promoter motif CGTCA binds multiple cellular factors that mediate a variety of inducible events, including positive responses to raised cellular levels of cAMP and to the Adenovirus E1a protein. To date, at least ten mammalian cDNA clones have been isolated that encode distinct proteins capable of binding to this motif. However, in most cases the precise stimuli that may regulate these different factors have yet to be determined. We have previously shown that the abundant Hela protein ATF-43 forms a complex in vivo with the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). In this report we definitively show that ATF-43 is the product of the two published cDNA clones, ATF1 and TREB 36. We confirm that ATF1 efficiently heterodimerises with CREB and demonstrate that even though ATF1 and CREB homodimers, as well as the ATF1/CREB heterodimer efficiently bind to the CGTCA motif, the resulting DNA-protein complexes have significantly different stabilities. A region outside the DNA binding domain of ATF1 contributes to the instability of its interaction with DNA. We further show that despite ATF1's homology to CREB, it responds poorly to activation by protein kinase A. In light of our finding that in Hela cells the majority of CREB protein is heterodimerised with ATF1, we speculate on the functional significance of such heterodimers.
Information Flow Theory (IFT) of Biologic and Machine Consciousness: Implications for Artificial General Intelligence and the Technological Singularity (2019)

The subjective experience of consciousness is at once familiar and yet deeply mysterious. Strategies exploring the top-down mechanisms of conscious thought within the human brain have been unable to produce a generalized explanatory theory that scales through evolution and can be applied to artificial systems. Information Flow Theory (IFT) provides a novel framework for understanding both the development and nature of consciousness in any system capable of processing information. In prioritizing the direction of information flow over information computation, IFT produces a range of unexpected predictions. The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce the basic concepts of IFT and explore the manifold implications regarding artificial intelligence, superhuman consciousness, and our basic perception of reality.
Impurity Compensation Effect Induced by Tin Valence Change in α-Ga1.4Sn0.6O3 Thin Films (2016)

Corundum-structured α-phase Ga<sub>1.4</sub>Sn<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films have been deposited on m-plane Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(300) substrates using laser molecular beam epitaxy technology. With increasing of the oxygen partial pressure, the crystal lattice of Ga<sub>1.4</sub>Sn<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films expands due to tin ions valence changes from Sn<sup>4+</sup> to Sn<sup>2+</sup>. The resistivity of the film deposited under 3 × 10<sup>-5</sup> Pa is 3.54 × 10<sup>4</sup> Ω·cm, which decreases by about 2 orders of magnitude than that fabricated under 3 × 10<sup>-1</sup> Pa. The mixture valence of Sn<sup>2+</sup> and Sn<sup>4+</sup> ions leads to the impurity altitude compensation effect. The deep ultraviolet photodetector based on α-phase Ga<sub>1.4</sub>Sn<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films was fabricated. With the oxygen partial pressure reducing gradually, the dark current and the photocurrent increase, and the relaxation time constants diminish, respectively.
Ectopic Cardiogenic Transcription Factor Expression Augments the Anti‐fibrogenic Activity of Administered Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2019)

Preclinical studies suggest that donor cell cardiomyogenic lineage commitment may be an important determinant of the efficacy of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell (CMC) therapy; however, to what extent myogenic commitment influences CMC cardiac reparative capacity, as well as the underlying mechanisms by which they promote cardiac functional recovery remains poorly defined. In the current study we examine the consequences of enhanced cardiomyogenic lineage commitment on CMC cardiac reparative capacity in vivo and paracrine signaling potency in vitro , via ectopic expression of core cardiogenic transcription factors GMT (GMT: GATA4 , MEF2C , and TBX5 ). Rat CMCs transduced with a tricistronic lentiviral construct harboring GMT coding sequences, or green fluorescent protein (GFP) control, were intramyocardially delivered in a rat model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy 30 days after a reperfused myocardial infarction. Indices of cardiac function were assessed by echocardiography and left ventricular (LV) Millar conductance catheterization 35 days after treatment. Infarct size and myocardial collagen deposition were enumerated in coronal‐dissected, cardiac tissue sections by Masson's trichrome or picrosirius red staining, respectively. Cytokine array analyses and in vitro cardiac fibroblast activation assays were performed using conditioned medium (CoMed) derived from either GMT or GFP CMCs, to respectively assess cardiotrophic factor secretion and anti‐fibrogenic paracrine signaling potential. Compared to GFP controls, GMT CMCs exhibited superior ability to attenuate LV systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in vivo . Proteome cytokine array analyses of CoMed revealed enhanced expression of cytokines with GMT CMCs that function in pathways that regulate matrix remodeling and collagen catabolism. Further, CoMed harvested from GMT CMCs more robustly inhibited Col1A1 synthesis in TGFβ1 activated cardiac fibroblast assays in vitro , compared to that of GFP CMCs. These results provide direct evidence that CMC myogenic lineage commitment biases cardiac repair and, further, that enhanced anti‐fibrogenic paracrine signaling potency may underlie, in part, their improved therapeutic utility. Support or Funding Information National Institutes of Health Grant R01 HL141081 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Combination Therapy with Indinavir, Ritonavir, and Delavirdine and Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Patients with HIV/AIDS Who Have Failed Multiple Antiretroviral Combinations (2001)

Our data suggests that in heavily antiretroviral drug-treated patients, partial antiretroviral response to RTV/IDV/DLV can still be achieved. The use of IDV/RTV/DLV and two NRTIs as salvage therapy has merit in patients who have no viable treatment options. A prospective trial utilizing this drug combination is warranted.
Hybrid power transfer and wireless antenna system design for biomedical implanted devices (2018)

In this paper, we present a hybrid system consisting of a high frequency (HF) coil (13.56 MHz), and an ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna (905 MHz), integrated on an FR-4 substrate that provides a compact solution for simultaneous wireless power transfer and wireless communication for implanted medical devices. The challenge of minimizing the coupling effect between the coil and the antenna is addressed by optimizing their dimensions. The hybrid system was numerically modeled and the performance was tested at different depths inside a layered body tissue model. It is shown that the antennas' resonance frequencies of the external and implanted antennas, frex and frim, respectively, are stable and do not change by the depth of implanted antenna inside the tissue. Furthermore, transmission efficiency (η) at different distances is calculated. The system provides a good solution for the combination of power transfer and signal communication in a compact design.
Synthkse stCrCospecifique de nucICosides pyrimidiques par la mCthode de Hilbert- Johnson1 (1982)

CHRISTIAN H. GAGNIEU, ANNIE V. GROUILLER et HENRI PACHECO. Can. J. Chem. 60,2863 (1982). La condensation de la dimkthoxy-2,4-pyrimidine avec les bromoglycosides derives des methyl dCsoxy-4-pentopyranosides2-7 et du methyl tri-0-benzoyl-3,5,6-glucofuranose 20conduit de fagon stCrkospecifique aux nuclCosides 8-13 et 22de configuration Irons 11,2'. La stereochimie de cette reaction n'est pas influencte par la structure du sucre de depart mais est liee la presence de I'hydroxyle en C-2. La synthtse de I'tpoxyde 18, obtenue par action de NaH sur les bromhydrines 17 derivCes de 7 tend confirmer I'hypothese d'une reaction assistte par un intermediaire de type Cpoxydium a partir de la bromhydrine tmtzs. Quant a la bromhydrine cis, elle serait soumise a la substitution directe de I'halogkne anomkrique par la base; I'hypothese de la formation intermediaire d'un ion carbonium a pu Etre Ccartee puisque les reactions de glycosylation de type S,1 du compose 19 par MeOH ou t-BuOH conduisent de fagon prtfkrentielle a des composLs de configuration cis.
Theoretical analysis and experimental characterization of the dummy-gated VDMOSFET (2001)

In this paper a novel silicon RF vertical double-diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (VD-MOSFET) structure with a dummy-gate incorporated between the active gates is proposed. The dummy-gate functions as a field plate to minimize the drain-to-gate feedback capacitance C/sub rss/ and also to raise the device breakdown voltage. Therefore, for the same blocking voltage rating, the dummy-gate structure allows the MOSFET to have a shorter channel and a larger gate to drain overlap area to minimize the on-state resistance. Hence, the transconductance gain G/sub m/ can be improved, leading to a higher RF performance for the power device. Experimental results show that with the dummy-gate a 51% lower on the feedback capacitance a 21% lower on the on-state resistance, a 100% increase in output resistance and a higher and linear transconductance are achieved. Furthermore, the safe operating area (SOA) of the device, which is limited by the turning-on of the parasitic transistor, is improved. This allows a higher power density to be handled by the proposed device.
The role of serotonin in the immune system development and functioning during ontogenesis (2012)

In this study, we investigated the influence of serotonin on the development and functioning of T- and B-cell-mediated immunity during ontogenesis using the pharmacological model of serotonin depletion in rat fetuses. It has been demonstrated that prenatal serotonin deficiency resulted in a decrease in thymus and spleen weights, changes in their cellular composition, and long-lasting disturbances in cell-mediated and humoral immunity in postnatal ontogenesis. The data obtained suggest that serotonin may be considered a morphogenic factor in development of the immune system.