gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of inventory control process for supply chain with several suppliers (2017)

A multi-step discrete-time inventory control problem that occurs in the supply chain with several alternative suppliers is described in this paper. Algorithms for constructing optimal strategies for inventory control and suppliers selection are proposed. Simulation results are provided.
Coronary pressure notch: an early non-hyperemic visual indicator of the physiologic significance of a coronary artery stenosis. (2004)

The disappearance of a dichrotic notch on the peripheral arterial pulse wave has been associated with significant peripheral vascular disease. A similar observation has not been reported in the distal coronary pressure waveform. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of a coronary pressure notch distal to a coronary stenosis and its relationship to fractional flow reserve. Ninety-seven patients with 131 angiographically indeterminate lesions (40-80% diameter narrowing) underwent FFR measurements for physiological significance. Hemodynamic tracings were recorded prior to the administration of adenosine and visually analyzed for the presence or absence of a dicrotic notch in the distal coronary artery pressure tracing. The stenoses were then divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a notch. Of the 54 lesions without a distal coronary pressure notch, 31 had a FFR greater than or equal to 0.75 and of the 77 lesions with a notch, 75 had a FFR greater than or equal to 0.76. The sensitivity and specificity of a pressure notch was 94% and 74%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 57% and 97%, respectively. The presence of a distal coronary pressure notch was predictive of a FFR greater than or equal to 0.76. The distal dicrotic pressure notch may be used as an additional parameter without requiring hyperemia for FFR measurements of uncertain clinical significance.
Simulation of the dependence of spatial fluence profiles on tissue optical properties (2016)

Medical laser applications are promoted as safe, effective treatments for a multiplicity of concerns, ranging from hyperthermal skin rejuvenation to subcutaneous tumor ablation. Chromophore and structural protein concentration and distribution within a patient’s tissue vary from patient to patient and dictate the interaction of incident radiative energy of a specific wavelength with the target tissue. Laser parameters must be matched to tissue optical and thermal properties in order to achieve the desired therapeutic results without inducing unnecessary tissue damage, although accurate tissue optical properties are not always measured prior to and during laser therapies. A weighted variable step size Monte Carlo simulation of laser irradiation of skin tissue was used to determine the effects of variations in absorption (&mu;<sub>a</sub>) and scattering coefficients (μs) and the degree of anisotropy (g) on the radiant energy transport per mm<sup>2</sup> in response to steady-state photon propagation. The three parameters were varied in a factorial experimental design for the ranges of 0.25/mm &le; &mu;<sub>a</sub> &le; 2.0/mm, 30.0/mm &le; &mu;<sub>s</sub> &le; 140.0/mm, and 0.65 &le; g &le; 0.99 in order to isolate their impacts on the overall fluence distribution. Box plots of the resulting fluence profiles were created and compared to identify ranges in which optical property variance could be considered to significantly impact the spatial variance of fluence within the simulation volume. Results indicated that accurate prediction of the fluence profiles that will be achieved by any given medical laser treatment is unlikely without pre-treatment assessment of the tissue optical properties of individual patients.
Pneumococcal immunization in immunocompromised hosts: where do we stand? (2013)

Immunocompromised patients are all at risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, of different degrees and timings. However, considerable progress in pneumococcal immunization over the last 30 years should benefit these patients. The 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine has been widely evaluated in these populations, but due to its low immunogenicity, its efficacy is sub-optimal, or even low. The principle of the conjugate vaccine is that, through the protein conjugation with the polysaccharide, the vaccine becomes more immunogenic, T-cell dependent, and thus providing a better early response and a boost effect. The 7-valent conjugate vaccine has been the first one to be evaluated in different immunocompromised populations. We review here the efficacy and safety of the different antipneumococcal vaccines in cancer, transplant and HIV-positive patients and propose a critical appraisal of the current guidelines.
A portable unit for remote monitoring of pacemaker patients (1997)

The number of people with pacemakers has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. At present there are about 2,500,000 in the world. All these patients must have a checkup twice a year in hospital, which involves the allocation of significant resources by the national health systems, not to speak of the inconvenience it entails for elderly subjects. Telemedicine can provide a partial solution to these problems. The present work describes a prototype system that transmits the patient's electrocardiograms and the main characteristics of the pacemaker to a monitoring centre. This remote monitoring system will be beneficial to patients and health-care organizations in terms of quality of life for the former, and costs and efficiency for the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of α‐Fluorophosphonomethyl Ether Functionality and Its Application to the Synthesis of Fluorinated Acyclic Phosphonate Nucleosides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical stimulation of the brain. II. Effects on the blood-brain barrier. (1975)

Acute and chronic studies of the effects of electrical stimulation on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the cat cerebral cortex are reported. The findings emphasize the importance of avoiding direct-coupled, monophasic waveforms in stimulating nervous tissue. Biphasic waveforms with balanced charges in each half-wave of the stimulating pulse can be used for up to 36 hours of continuous stimulation if the charge per phase (Q/ph) does not exceed 0.45 microcoulombs. Charge density (QD) is also an important parameter. When stimulating in the bipolar mode, BBB breakdown will occur first beneath the smaller electrode of the pair. Following electrical injury, the BBB will be partially restored within one week, and, with rare exceptions, be completely intact after one month.
Carbon Nanotube Fiber Based Stretchable Conductor (2012)

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT) based continuous fiber, a CNT assembly that could potentially retain the superb properties of individual CNTs on a macroscopic scale, belongs to a fascinating new class of electronic materials with potential applications in electronics, sensing, and conducting wires. Here, the fabrication of CNT fiber based stretchable conductors by a simple prestraining‐then‐buckling approach is reported. To enhance the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate and thus facilitate the buckling formation, CNT fibers are first coated with a thin layer of liquid PDMS before being transferred to the prestrained substrate. The CNT fibers are deformed into massive buckles, resulting from the compressive force generated upon releasing the fiber/substrate assembly from prestrain. This buckling shape is quite different from the sinusoidal shape observed previously in otherwise analogous systems. Similar experiments performed on carbon fiber/PDMS composite film, on the other hand, result in extensive fiber fracture due to the higher fiber flexural modulus. Furthermore, the CNT fiber/PDMS composite film shows very little variation in resistance (≈1%) under multiple stretching‐and‐releasing cycles up to a prestrain level of 40%, indicating the outstanding stability and repeatability in performance as stretchable conductors.
자발적 비혼모의 선택 체험에 관한 연구: Parse의 인간되어감 연구방법론을 적용하여 (2008)

본 연구는 비혼모의 선택 체험의 구조를 심층적으로 이해하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 자료는 미디어를 통해 수집된 질적 2차 자료를 상호주관적 삶으로서의 역동성과 의미를 잘 나타내주는 파시(Parse)의 현상학적-해석학적 연구방법에 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 4개의 구조를 통해 자발적 비혼모는 세상이 강요하는 결혼제도에서 벗어나기 위하여 `나와 자녀`로만 이루어진 이상적인 가족을 꿈꾸지만 외롭고 힘든 홀 양육과정과 사회의 부정적 시선을 겪어내며 강인한 모성으로 주체적 인생관과 경제적 기반을 다지고 법적으로 다양한 가족의 하나로서 세상과 함께 자유롭고 당당히 살아나가는 선택을 함으로 나타났다. 이러한 해석은 파시의 추상성 높은 개념으로 통합하여 상상화와 가치화를 가능-제한, 연결-분리, 노출-은폐하며 독창성과 강화성으로 변형되어 가는 과정으로 재해석 되었다.
Regulation of Cytokine Expression by Ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (2002)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors with diverse actions including adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Recent studies have revealed anti-inflammatory activities, but the majority of these studies have been performed in monocyte/macrophages. In these studies, we investigate the effects of PPAR ligands in murine mitogen-activated splenocytes. Ciglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, consistently decreased IFN-gamma and IL-2 production by mitogen-activated splenocytes and had modest effects on splenocyte proliferation. The effects of WY14,643, a representative of the fibrate class of PPARalpha ligands, on splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 levels are less marked than those observed with the PPARgamma ligand. In addition, treatment with WY14,643 and other fibrates led to marked increases in supernatant concentrations of IL-4. However, treatment with a potent and specific PPARalpha ligand (GW7,647) did not augment IL-4. Also, WY14,643 induced IL-4 expression in splenocytes from PPARalpha knockout mice, suggesting that the fibrate effect on IL-4 was largely through a PPARalpha-independent mechanism. This increase in IL-4 was associated with and causatively related to augmented expression of CD23 by CD45R/B220(+) cells. We also demonstrate that PPARgamma gene expression is up-regulated in T cells by mitogen activation, that it is positively regulated by IL-4 and WY14,643, and that it is blocked by anti-IL-4. Finally, we demonstrate that WY14,643 can modestly augment IL-4 promoter activity in a PPARalpha-independent manner. In concert, these findings support the roles of PPAR ligands in modulating inflammatory responses involving lymphocytes but also establish potent effects of the fibrate class of PPARalpha ligands on IL-4 expression that are receptor independent.
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Down-Regulate Cell Proliferationin Vitroandin Vivoand Restore Thyrotropin Signaling and Iodine Uptake in Human Thyroid Anaplastic Carcinoma (2005)

These findings support the need for clinical trials to clarify whether RT inhibitors may restore the sensitivity to radiometabolic therapy in anaplastic thyroid tumors.
Detection of particle flow patterns in tumor by directional spatial frequency analysis (2016)

Drug delivery to tumors is well known to be chaotic and limited, partly from dysfunctional vasculature, but also because of microscopic regional variations in composition. Modeling the of transport of nanoparticle therapeutics, therefore must include not only a description of vascular permeability, but also of the movement of the drug as suspended in tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) once it leaves the blood vessel. Understanding of this area is limited because we currently lack the tools and analytical methods to characterize it. We have previously shown that directional anisotropy of drug delivery can be detected using Directional Fourier Spatial Frequency (DFSF) Analysis. Here we extend this approach to generate flow line maps of nanoparticle transport in TIF relative to tumor ultrastructure, and show that features of tumor spatial heterogeneity can be identified that are directly related to local flow isometries. The identification of these regions of limited flow may be used as a metric for determining response to therapy, or for the optimization of adjuvant therapies such as radiation pre-treatment, or enzymatic degradation.
Use of Highly Active Palladium-Phosphinous Acid Catalysts in Stille, Heck, Amination, and Thiation Reactions of Chloroquinolines (2003)

An efficient synthetic route toward a variety of 2,4-disubstituted quinolines has been developed. Alkylation and arylation of 4-chloroquinoline using organolithium reagents proceed with high regioselectivity in position 2 under cryogenic conditions. The intermediate 1,2-dihydro-4-chloroquinoline derivatives are unstable to air and are easily oxidized to the corresponding 2-substituted 4-chloroquinolines in high yields. Highly active palladium-phosphinous acid catalysts POPd, POPd1, and POPd2 have been employed in Stille cross-couplings of quinaldine with arylstannanes and in Heck additions of various 2-substituted 4-chloroquinolines to tert-butyl acrylate. In particular, POPd combines high catalytic activity for cross-coupling reactions with simplicity of use due to its stability to air. Utilizing CsF in POPd-catalyzed Stille couplings further increased the reactivity of arylstannanes, which was attributed to the fluorophilicity of organotin compounds. Basic additives were found to exhibit a significant effect on the yields of the POPd-promoted Heck reactions. In general, dicyclohexylmethylamine affords superior results than NaOAc, Cs(2)CO(3), or t-BuOK. POPd was also found to tolerate amine and thiol substrates and proved to promote carbon-heteroatom bond formation of chloroquinoline derivatives with aliphatic and aromatic amines and thiols, respectively.
US Food and Drug Administration Approval of Whole Slide Imaging for Primary Diagnosis: A Key Milestone Is Reached and New Questions Are Raised (2018)

April 12, 2017 marked a significant day in the evolution of digital pathology in the United States, when the US Food and Drug Administration announced its approval of the Philips IntelliSite Pathology Solution for primary diagnosis in surgical pathology. Although this event is expected to facilitate more widespread adoption of whole slide imaging for clinical applications in the United States, it also raises a number of questions as to the means by which pathologists might choose to incorporate this technology into their clinical practice. This article from the College of American Pathologists Digital Pathology Committee reviews frequently asked questions on this topic and provides answers based on currently available information.
Enhanced Tau Protein Translation by Hyper-Excitation (2019)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, localizing mainly in the axon of mature neurons. Phenotypic analysis of <i>Tau</i> knockout mice has revealed an impairment of synaptic plasticity but without gross changes in brain morphology. Since we previously described the presence of tau mRNA in the somatodendritic compartment, including the postsynapse, and demonstrated that it could be locally translated in response to glutamate, it appears that the regulated translation of synaptic tau can have a direct impact on synaptic function. Using SH-SY5Y cells, we herein confirm that glutamate dose-dependently regulates the translation of tau protein without altering tau mRNA levels. This is supported by the finding that cycloheximide blocks glutamate-stimulated increases in tau protein levels. Our observation that neural excitation can directly upregulate tau mRNA translation helps explain the pathological accumulation of tau in the somatodendrite.
Decline in lung liquid volume before labor in fetal lambs (1986)

The volume of liquid in the fetal lung depends on the amount of liquid secreted across the pulmonary epithelium and the amount flowing through the trachea. Lung liquid volume (V1) and secretion rate Vs) were determined using an indicator-dilution technique, while tracheal flow rate (Vtr) was measured simultaneously with a bubble flowmeter. Least-squares regression analysis showed that in 10 chronically instrumented fetal lambs, V1 increased from 51.0 ml at 119 days to 104.6 ml at 135 days (V1 = -347.65 + 3.35 X days; 95% confidence limits on slope: 1.89-4.81) before declining to 70.2 ml at 142 days gestation (V1 = 768.8 - 4.92 X days; 95% confidence limits on slope: -2.55 to -7.30). Similarly Vs increased from 7.4 ml/h at 119 days to 16.8 ml/h at 133 days (Vs = -72.35 + 0.67 X days; 95% confidence limits on slope: 0.21-1.14), before declining to 7.1 ml/h at 142 days (Vs = 159.07 - 1.07 X days; 95% confidence limits on slope: -0.56 to -1.57). Vtr did not change significantly with gestation. We conclude that V1 increases until 135 days gestation, after which it falls substantially. This fall in volume, which occurs well before the onset of labor, results predominantly from the decline in Vs.
Precise Genomic Riboregulator Control of Metabolic Flux in Microbial Systems (2022)

Engineered microbes can be used for producing value-added chemicals from renewable feedstocks, relieving the dependency on nonrenewable resources such as petroleum. These microbes often are composed of synthetic metabolic pathways; however, one major problem in establishing a synthetic pathway is the challenge of precisely controlling competing metabolic routes, some of which could be crucial for fitness and survival. While traditional gene deletion and/or coarse overexpression approaches do not provide precise regulation, <i>cis</i>-repressors (CRs) are RNA-based regulatory elements that can control the production levels of a particular protein in a tunable manner. Here, we describe a protocol for a generally applicable fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique used to isolate eight subpopulations of CRs from a semidegenerate library in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by deep sequencing that permitted the identification of 15 individual CRs with a broad range of protein production profiles. Using these new CRs, we demonstrated a change in production levels of a fluorescent reporter by over two orders of magnitude and further showed that these CRs are easily ported from <i>E. coli</i> to <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>. We next used four CRs to tune the production of the enzyme PpsA, involved in pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) conversion, to alter the pool of PEP that feeds into the shikimate pathway. In an engineered <i>P. putida</i> strain, where carbon flux in the shikimate pathway is diverted to the synthesis of the commodity chemical <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconate, we found that tuning PpsA translation levels increased the overall titer of muconate. Therefore, CRs provide an approach to precisely tune protein levels in metabolic pathways and will be an important tool for other metabolic engineering efforts.
<title>Qualitative model-based diagnosis driven by visual inspection defect data</title> (1994)

The motivation for this work is the desire to maximize the use of visual inspection defect data by moving from quality insurance to quality assurance through active feedback into a process control system. The objective of such machine vision integration is to minimize the response time from defect detection to fault correction. The authors have previously published papers discussing the overall requirements and elements of such a closed loop system. This paper concentrates on identifying methods for establishing the causes of the visible product defects in the manufacturing process. These methods will form the diagnostic element of the overall system. The inspection data provide the symptoms which initiate and direct the diagnostic process. A qualitative model of the manufacturing process is used to generate the diagnostic hypotheses. A systems approach is required to discriminate among these competing plausible hypotheses. The approach adopted tries to relate the physical nature of how the defects in the product are actually formed with the physical manufacturing process. The various manufacturing machines are modeled in terms of their structure, behavior and function. The aim is to implicitly include the causal relationships between the visible physical defects and their causes in the model. Such relationships are normally developed based on experience in maintaining and troubleshooting the manufacturing process. Such experiential-based approaches suffer all the problems associated with expert systems for large scale complex manufacturing plants. Knowledge representation is crucial for the success of this approach. This approach has been developed for discrete event manufacturing processes and attribute defect inspection data.
Measuring STI Stress Effect on CMOS Transistor by Stepping through the Channel Width (2006)

This paper proposed a method that can measure the shallow trench isolation (STI) stress effect on transistor in the direction of channel width. Instead of implanting the entire channel (fixed width of 10mum), one portion of the channel (with fixed implant opening width of 0.5mum) was only implanted. By using this method, the channel edge can be brought away from the STI edge, where the active area is under high compressive stress. The results show that when the effective channel is near to the STI edge (high transverse compressive stress), both NMOS and PMOS transistors have higher threshold voltage, Vt and lower drain current, Id
Hepatic Epitheloid Hemangioendothelioma: Multiphase CT Appearance and Correlation with Pathology (2004)

Epitheloid hepatic hemangioendothelioma was defined as a specific entity by Weiss and Enzinger in 1982. Histologically, this tumor originates from vascular endothelial cells and spindle cells. We report 3 cases of this rare neoplasm that presented to our institution over the past 3 years and briefly review the pathologic and imaging findings on MDCT (multiphase detector computed tomography).
Zoetrope (2008)

The Web is ephemeral. Pages change frequently, and it is nearly impossible to find data or follow a link after the underlying page evolves. We present Zoetrope, a system that enables interaction with the historicalWeb (pages, links, and embedded data) that would otherwise be lost to time. Using a number of novel interactions, the temporal Web can be manipulated, queried, and analyzed from the context of familar pages. Zoetrope is based on a set of operators for manipulating content streams. We describe these primitives and the associated indexing strategies for handling temporal Web data. They form the basis of Zoetrope and enable our construction of new temporal interactions and visualizations.
Detrimental Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity on τ Pathology Are Independent of Insulin Resistance in τ Transgenic Mice (2012)

The τ pathology found in Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial in cognitive decline. Midlife development of obesity, a major risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, increases the risk of dementia and AD later in life. The impact of obesity on AD risk has been suggested to be related to central insulin resistance, secondary to peripheral insulin resistance. The effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on τ pathology remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated effects of a high-fat diet, given at an early pathological stage, in the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model of progressive AD-like τ pathology. We found that early and progressive obesity potentiated spatial learning deficits as well as hippocampal τ pathology at a later stage. Surprisingly, THY-Tau22 mice did not exhibit peripheral insulin resistance. Further, pathological worsening occurred while hippocampal insulin signaling was upregulated. Together, our data demonstrate that DIO worsens τ phosphorylation and learning abilities in τ transgenic mice independently from peripheral/central insulin resistance.