gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spectral Mapping Method for EMG-based Recognition of Silent Speech. (2010)

Abstract. This paper reports on our latest study on speech recognition based on surface electromyography (EMG). This technology allows for Silent Speech Interfaces since EMG captures the electrical potentials of the human articulatory muscles rather than the acoustic speech signal. Therefore, our technology enables speech recognition to be applied to silently mouthed speech. Earlier experiments indicate that the EMG signal is greatly impacted by the mode of speaking. In this study we analyze and compare EMG signals from audible, whispered, and silent speech. We quantify the differences and develop a spectral mapping method to compensate for these differences. Finally, we apply the spectral mapping to the front-end of our speech recognition system and show that recognition rates on silent speech improve by up to 12.3 % relative. 1
The identification and discrimination of a non-native nasal series by Bengali and American English listeners (1997)

Predictions based on the perceptual assimilation model (PAM) (Best, 1995) concerning the perception of non-native contrasts rely primarily on three factors: the contrast in question, the inventory of native categories, and the degree of gestural similarity between them. To determine if these factors are sufficient for predicting listeners’ difficulties, nasal contrasts from three languages, Malayalam, Marathi, and Oriya, varying in place of articulation (bilabial, interdental/dental, alveolar, and retroflex), syllabic position, and vowel context, were presented in an AXB discrimination test and an identification test with category-goodness ratings to sixteen speakers each of American English (AE) and Bengali. AE and Bengali were selected for their similar nasal series ([m], [n], and [■]). However, Bengali differs from AE in its use of dental and retroflex oral stops. PAM should predict equivalent performance for both subject groups. However, a pilot of this study demonstrated poorer performance by Bengali listeners on dental-retroflex (34.6% mean correct to AE 53.6%) and interdental-alveolar (33.2% to AE 69.6%). The implications of these results for phonological and phonetic factors in the perception of non-native contrasts will be discussed.
Strain overcompensated GaInP/AlGaInP quantum well laser structures for improved reliability at high output powers (2002)

Strain overcompensated multiple quantum well laser structures have been analyzed theoretically as well as experimentally for the first time. Strain overcompensation reduces the bandgap shrinkage which normally takes place at the facets due to compressive strain relaxation. This results in a lower temperature rise of the lasing spot leading to a remarkable improvement of the reliability of high power laser diodes.
[Phenotypic changes in mucin-secreting cells in the ileal neobladder mucosa: a metaplastic or precancerous lesion?]. (1998)

Colonic metaplasia with shifting from sialo-to sulfomucins was observed in 10/18 patients with ileal orthotopic neobladder; their median follow-up was 59 months. There is a significant statistical relationship (p = 0.002) between Colonic Metaplasia and a follow-up longer than 14 months. Diversion Cancer is nowadays a practical problem and probably urologists will be confronted with it in the future more than at present. A modification of established attitudes as regards urinary diversion in standard situations (i.e., 60 over years old patients with invasive bladder cancer) don't seems, at present, justified, although our study confirms the suspicion that ileal neobladder could be considered theoretically at risk for cancer onset.
Altered lateralization of the cingulum in deployment‐related traumatic brain injury: An ENIGMA military‐relevant brain injury study (2022)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI. Through the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis Military-Relevant Brain Injury working group, we conducted a mega-analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from 16 cohorts of Active Duty Service Members and Veterans (n = 2598). dMRI data were processed together along with harmonized demographic, injury, psychiatric, and cognitive measures. Fractional anisotropy in the cingulum showed greater asymmetry in individuals with deployment-related TBI, driven by greater left lateralization in TBI. Results remained significant after accounting for potentially confounding variables including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and handedness, and were driven primarily by individuals whose worst TBI occurred before age 40. Alterations in the cingulum were also associated with slower processing speed and poorer set shifting. The results indicate an enhancement of the natural left laterality of the cingulum, possibly due to vulnerability of the nondominant hemisphere or compensatory mechanisms in the dominant hemisphere. The cingulum is one of the last WM tracts to mature, reaching peak FA around 42 years old. This effect was primarily detected in individuals whose worst injury occurred before age 40, suggesting that the protracted development of the cingulum may lead to increased vulnerability to insults, such as TBI.
Co-ZIF-9/TiO₂ nanostructure for superior CO₂ photoreduction activity (2016)

Cobalt-containing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (Co-ZIF-9) have recently emerged as efficient imidazolate motifs for CO₂ adsorption and activation. Herein, we adopt an imidazolate motif as a cocatalyst for TiO₂ based CO₂ photoreduction. Co-ZIF-9/TiO₂ (denoted as ZIFₓ/T) composite materials were firstly synthesized via an in situ synthetic procedure, and this endowed the fabricated ZIFₓ/T composites with a well-designed nanostructure in which TiO₂ and Co-ZIF-9 were closely bound with each other, thus leading to better charge separation compared to the previously reported physical mixture of ZIF with other semiconductors. Via optimization of the concentration of Co-ZIF-9 in the ZIFₓ/T composites, 8.79 μmol of CO, 0.99 μmol of CH₄, and 1.30 μmol of H₂ with a total utilized photoelectron number (UPN) of 28.17 μmol could be obtained over ZIF₀.₀₃/T after 10 h of CO₂ photoreduction, which is about 2.1 times that of pure TiO₂. Linear sweep voltammetry at the pseudo stationary state in a CO₂ saturated solution further revealed that Co-ZIF-9 can effectively activate the CO₂ molecule and positively shift the onset potential of CO₂ reduction for ZIFₓ/T (x ≤ 0.10). Moreover, photoluminescence spectra suggest that the ZIFₓ/T composites prepared via the in situ synthetic procedure have better charge separation efficiency with less Co-ZIF-9 content. Accordingly, both better CO₂ activation and charge separation contribute to the high activity of the well-designed ZIFₓ/T nanostructure.
In-situ high-resolution visualization of laser-induced periodic nanostructures driven by optical feedback (2017)

Optical feedback is often evoked in laser-induced periodic nanostructures. Visualizing the coupling between surfaces and light requires highly-resolved imaging methods. We propose in-situ structured-illumination-microscopy to observe ultrafast-laser-induced nanostructures during fabrication on metallic glass surfaces. This resolves the pulse-to-pulse development of periodic structures on a single irradiation site and indicates the optical feedback on surface topographies. Firstly, the quasi-constancy of the ripples pattern and the reinforcement of the surface relief with the same spatial positioning indicates a phase-locking mechanism that stabilizes and amplifies the ordered corrugation. Secondly, on sites with uncorrelated initial corrugation, we observe ripple patterns spatially in-phase. These feedback aspects rely on the electromagnetic interplay between the laser pulse and the surface relief, stabilizing the pattern in period and position. They are critically dependent on the space-time coherence of the exciting pulse. This suggests a modulation of energy according to the topography of the surface with a pattern phase imposed by the driving pulse. A scattering and interference model for ripple formation on surfaces supports the experimental observations. This relies on self-phase-stabilized far-field interaction between surface scattered wavelets and the incoming pulse front.
Endurance-aware circuit designs of nonvolatile logic and nonvolatile sram using resistive memory (memristor) device (2012)

The use of low voltage circuits and power-off mode help to reduce the power consumption of chips. Non-volatile logic (nvLogic) and nonvolatile SRAM (nvSRAM) enable a chip to preserve its key local states and data, while providing faster power-on/off speeds than those available with conventional two-macro schemes. Resistive memory (memristor) devices feature fast write speed and low write power. Applying memristors to nvLogic and nvSRAMs not only enables chips to achieve low power consumption for store operations, but also achieve fast power-on/off processes and reliable operation even in the event of sudden power failure. However, current memristor devices suffer from limited endurance, which influences the design of the circuit structure for memristor-based nvLogic and nvSRAM. Moreover, previous nvLogic/nvSRAM circuits cannot achieve low voltage operation. This paper explores various circuit structures for nvLogic and nvSRAM, taking into account memristor endurance, especially for low-voltage applications.
Generate Your Counterfactuals: Towards Controlled Counterfactual\n Generation for Text (2020)

Machine Learning has seen tremendous growth recently, which has led to larger\nadoption of ML systems for educational assessments, credit risk, healthcare,\nemployment, criminal justice, to name a few. The trustworthiness of ML and NLP\nsystems is a crucial aspect and requires a guarantee that the decisions they\nmake are fair and robust. Aligned with this, we propose a framework GYC, to\ngenerate a set of counterfactual text samples, which are crucial for testing\nthese ML systems. Our main contributions include a) We introduce GYC, a\nframework to generate counterfactual samples such that the generation is\nplausible, diverse, goal-oriented, and effective, b) We generate counterfactual\nsamples, that can direct the generation towards a corresponding condition such\nas named-entity tag, semantic role label, or sentiment. Our experimental\nresults on various domains show that GYC generates counterfactual text samples\nexhibiting the above four properties. GYC generates counterfactuals that can\nact as test cases to evaluate a model and any text debiasing algorithm.\n
Timescales and Phenomenology of Mechanically Stimulated Glasses: a Review (2007)

Abstract The principal features of the volumetric as well as the viscoelastic response of mechanically stimulated glasses can be summarized as follows: i) the time‐aging time shift factors contract upon increasing the probe stress (i.e. the stress apparently modifies the volume recovery kinetics), ii) the volume recovery baseline remains unaltered (i.e. the underlying structure of the stimulated glass remains unchanged) iii) yielding scales linearly with the logarithmic of the strain rate. Here we present a review of the above features with aid of a series of numerically simulated results concerning the responses of glassy polycarbonate. Simulations are obtained coupling a modified KAHR equation with the constitutive law for linear viscoelasticity within the domain of the reduced time. It will be shown that by using a minimum of experimental (PVT and linear viscoelastic) data inputs even the subtle intricacies can be predicted. Furthermore a new class of results concerning the stress‐strain behaviour of glassy polymers is presented that never appeared before.
High average power ultrafast lasers (2011)

The specific properties of an Innoslab (partially pumped slab) MOPA are discussed and compared to fiber and thin-disk solid-state lasers. The scaling in terms of average power and peak power as well as pulse duration is discussed. A simple and compact single stage MOPA with 620 W average power and a dual-stage MOPA with 1.1 kW average power at 615 fs pulse duration, 20 MHz repetition rate and almost diffraction-limited beam quality is presented.
New structure of oversampling converters (delta-sigma modulator) (1991)

A novel structure of delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is proposed where a two-stage second-order loop is modified to a third-order loop by using a differentiator. The structure is simple and is shown to achieve 16-bit performance for Hi-Fi audio-band applications when the sample rate is 3 MHz. For the applications in A/D, the sample rate for this structure is two times of that for the double-loop DSM. For the application in D/A, 17-bit resolution is obtained by sending the output of the differentiator back to the first stage comparator. The circuit implementation of the structure and its nonideal effect have been verified by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Upregulated Expression of Calcyclin-Binding Protein/Siah-1 Interacting Protein in Malignant Melanoma (2014)

any histopathological evidence of thrombosis, and thus the diagnosis of injection-site reaction of 5-azacitidine was made based on a combination of clinical and histopathological findings. Most injection-site erythema/reactions are resolved by simple continuing treatment, and less than 12% of cases require corticosteroids and/or antihistamine 2 . A correct injection technique, such as syringe aspiration, and injection-site rotation, can help prevent injection-site reaction.
Stereoscopic 3D copy & paste (2010)

With the increase in popularity of stereoscopic 3D imagery for film, TV, and interactive entertainment, an urgent need for editing tools to support stereo content creation has become apparent. In this paper we present an end-to-end system for object copy &amp; paste in a stereoscopic setting to address this need. There is no straightforward extension of 2D copy &amp; paste to support the addition of the third dimension as we show in this paper. For stereoscopic copy &amp; paste we need to handle depth, and our core objective is to obtain a convincing 3D viewing experience. As one of the main contributions of our system, we introduce a stereo billboard method for stereoscopic rendering of the copied selection. Our approach preserves the stereo volume and is robust to the inevitable inaccuracies of the depth maps computed from a stereo pair of images. Our system also includes an interactive stereoscopic segmentation tool to achieve high quality object selection. Hence, we focus on intuitive and minimal user interaction, and our editing operations perform within interactive rates to provide immediate feedback.
Isolation and Characterization of Mutants of Escherichia coli with Cellular Division Selectively Affected by Growth on Fatty Acids (1972)

Isolation and characterization of mutants of Escherichia coli that beta-oxidize fatty acids at normal rates, but which divide very slowly when grown on fatty acids, are described. These mutants grow normally on other carbon sources. By growth on oleate, experiments with radioactive precursors showed that the rates of incorporation into ribonucleic acid, protein, and cell wall were comparable to those observed with the parent, whereas the rate of incorporation into phospholipids was slightly decreased. Under these conditions the rate of incorporation of (32)P-orthophosphate into deoxyribonucleic acid was low. On the other hand, by growth on oleate, neither gross mass increase in the different macromolecules nor loss of viability was observed, whereas in the presence of inducer the derepression of the lac operon enzymes occurred. Therefore, extensive turnover of the macromolecules is involved when these mutants are grown on fatty acids. Studies of the crypticity and of the binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate show differences in membrane structure between the mutants and the constitutive parent. Properties of these mutants, which are affected in the process of cellular division, are discussed.
Practical Size-based Scheduling for MapReduce Workloads (2013)

We present the Hadoop Fair Sojourn Protocol (HFSP) scheduler, which implements a size-based scheduling discipline for Hadoop. The benefits of size-based scheduling disciplines are well recognized in a variety of contexts (computer networks, operating systems, etc...), yet, their practical implementation for a system such as Hadoop raises a number of important challenges. With HFSP, which is available as an open-source project, we address issues related to job size estimation, resource management and study the effects of a variety of preemption strategies. Although the architecture underlying HFSP is suitable for any size-based scheduling discipline, in this work we revisit and extend the Fair Sojourn Protocol, which solves problems related to job starvation that affect FIFO, Processor Sharing and a range of size-based disciplines. Our experiments, in which we compare HFSP to standard Hadoop schedulers, pinpoint at a significant decrease in average job sojourn times - a metric that accounts for the total time a job spends in the system, including waiting and serving times - for realistic workloads that we generate according to production traces available in literature.
Multiport and Array Antennas (2015)

Antenna arrays have many different performance parameters which can be applied as an indicative measure of the merits in a given design. Over the past few years the reverberation chamber (RC) has emerged as a promising candidate for the measurement of multi-port antenna parameters. This chapter shows how the RC can be used to assess the performance of multi-port antennas. A distinction is offered between antennas for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications and more conventional array-type antennas. The concepts of diversity gain, embedded element efficiency and channel capacity are introduced, which is followed by a discussion on a technique to measure the radiation efficiency of conventional array antennas in the RC. This includes the development and use of a new characteristic equation. Throughout, all measurement procedures and equations are documented, as well as a discussion on subtle problems to watch out for during practical measurement tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes with Thiol Derivatives: A Versatile Construction of Nitrogen/Sulfur Containing Heterocycles. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Facilitates DNA Strand Breaks and 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine Formation by the Aldo-Keto Reductase Product Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (2009)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) o-quinones produced by aldo-keto reductases are ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) (Burczynski, M. E., and Penning, T. M. (2000) Cancer Res. 60, 908-915). They induce oxidative DNA lesions (reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA strand breaks and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) formation) in human lung cells. We tested whether the AhR enhances PAH o-quinone-mediated oxidative DNA damage by translocating these ligands to the nucleus. Using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay to detect DNA strand breaks in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells and its AhR- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-deficient variants, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (B[a]P-7,8-dione) produced fewer DNA strand breaks in AhR-deficient cells compared with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-deficient and wild type Hepa1c1c7 cells. Decreased DNA strand breaks were also observed in human bronchoalveolar H358 cells in which the AhR was silenced by siRNA. The antioxidant alpha-tocopherol and the iron chelator/antioxidant desferal decreased the formation of B[a]P-7,8-dione-mediated DNA strand breaks indicating that they were reactive oxygen species-dependent. By coupling the comet assay to 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1), which excises 8-oxo-Gua, strand breaks dependent upon this lesion were measured. hOGG1 treatment produced more DNA single strand breaks in B[a]P-7,8-dione-treated Hepa cells and H358 cells than in its absence. The levels of hOGG1-dependent DNA strand breaks mediated by B[a]P-7,8-dione were lower in AhR-deficient Hepa and AhR knockdown H358 cells. The AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone also attenuated B[a]P-7,8-dione-mediated DNA strand breaks. The decrease in 8-oxo-dGuo levels in AhR-deficient Hepa cells and AhR knockdown H358 cells was validated by immunoaffinity capture stable isotope dilution ([(15)N(5)]8-oxo-dGuo) liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry. We conclude that the AhR shuttles PAH o-quinone genotoxins to the nucleus and enhances oxidative DNA damage.
Detection of HTLV-1 by polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (1998)

A method for nonradioactive polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization was developed and used to determine the distribution of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). As controls, we used biopsy samples of five cases of mycosis fungoides, cells of an HTLV-I-infected cell line (MT2), as well as HTLV-1-negative cells (YAS). We successfully detected the amplicon of the HTLV-1 tax sequence in the nuclei of the cutaneous infiltrating lymphoid cells in 90% (9/10) of ATLL cases. Studies also revealed the existence of HTLV-1 provirus DNA in nuclei of sweat gland epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells as well as lymphoid cells in ATLL patients. Mycosis fungoides and YAS cells were negative for the HTLV-I tax sequence, but MT2 cells were strongly positive. The results indicated that this technique was more sensitive in detecting intracellular amplicons than was the previous in situ hybridization method. Through its use, we were able to easily determine the distribution of HTLV-I-positive cells among the various cells and tissues of paraffin-embedded archival materials.
Enzymatic defect in "X-linked" sideroblastic anemia: molecular evidence for erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase deficiency. (1992)

Recently, the human gene encoding erythroid-specific delta-aminolevulinate synthase was localized to the chromosomal region Xp21-Xq21, identifying this gene as the logical candidate for the enzymatic defect causing "X-linked" sideroblastic anemia. To investigate this hypothesis, the 11 exonic coding regions of the delta-aminolevulinate synthase gene were amplified and sequenced from a 30-year-old Chinese male with a pyridoxine-responsive form of X-linked sideroblastic anemia. A single T----A transition was found in codon 471 in a highly conserved region of exon 9, resulting in an Ile----Asn substitution. This mutation interrupted contiguous hydrophobic residues and was predicted to transform a region of beta-sheet structure to a random-coil structure. Prokaryotic expression of the normal and mutant cDNAs revealed that the mutant construct expressed low levels of enzymatic activity that required higher concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to achieve maximal activation than did the normal enzyme. The amino acid substitution occurred in the exon containing the putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding site and may account for the reduced ability of the cofactor to catalyze the formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid.