gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Neural Control for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems in Pure-Feedback Form With Hysteresis Input (2008)

In this paper, adaptive neural control is investigated for a class of unknown nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form with the generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis input. To deal with the nonaffine problem in face of the nonsmooth characteristics of hysteresis, the mean-value theorem is applied successively, first to the functions in the pure-feedback plant, and then to the hysteresis input function. Unknown uncertainties are compensated for using the function approximation capability of neural networks. The unknown virtual control directions are dealt with by Nussbaum functions. By utilizing Lyapunov synthesis, the closed-loop control system is proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
The Generation of Lyapunov Functions for Input-Output Stable Systems (1971)

This paper discusses the relationship between properties of input-output descriptions and state space models for dynamical systems. It is shown that a state space realization of an input-output stable dynamical system is globally asymptotically stable in the sense of Lyapunov if it is uniformly observable and if every state is reachable. This result is proved in the context of abstract dynamical systems and leads to the equivalence of input-output stability and asymptotic stability for uniformly controllable and uniformly observable linear finite-dimensional systems. The generation of Lyapunov functions is subsequently considered, and variational techniques for the construction of Lyapunov functions are presented. Passivity and related energy concepts are particularly exploited in this context. These results yield the Lyapunov functions used in the proofs of the circle criterion and the Popov criterion as particular cases. The generality of the approach, however, makes these ideas applicable to much more general situations. Examples illustrating the results and the unifying point of view are included.
3-D Viscoelastic Finite-Difference Modeling Using the Rotated Staggered Grid – Tests of Accuracy (2003)

C-44 3-D VISCOELASTIC FINITE-DIFFERENCE MODELING USING THEROTATED STAGGEREDGRID -TESTSOF ACCURACY TH. BOHLEN 1 and ERIK H. SAENGER 2 Summary 1 Institute of Geosciences Geophysics KielUniversity Otto-Hahn-Platz 1 24118Kiel Germany 2 FreieUniversität Berlin FachrichtungGeophysik Theapplication oftherotatedstaggered grid(RSG)technique tothe3-Dviscoelastic waveequation leadsto a distribution of modeling parameters on the numerical mesh which is suitable for the accurate modeling of strong viscoelastic heterogeneities. We show that the viscoelastic RSG algorithm produces accurate results for Lambs problem (impact on a planar free surface) and a 3-D Gaussian hill model without applying explicit boundary conditions at the discontinuities. Introduction Explicit staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) methods have been
Bladder carcinoma associated with ectopic production of gonadotropin (1978)

A rare incidence of a primary gonadotropin-producing bladder carcinoma in which gynecomastia appeared in the terminal stage was encountered in a 76-year-old Japanese male. There was a good probability that the symptoms of hormonal activity were due to chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), since its whole molecule, beta- and alpha-subunits were detected by radioimmunoassay in the blood, urine, and the tissue from the malignant neoplasm, and the plasma and urine estrogens were elevated. Recent papers concerning the synthesis of hCG-like material by neoplastic cells are reviewed and the implication of the measurement of beta- and alpha-subunits of hCG in various neoplastic diseases are discussed. Other characteristic profiles of plasma hormonal levels are also discussed in this case.
The prevalence and clinical risk factors of insomnia in the Chinese elderly based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in Chongqing population (2019)

Insomnia is highly prevalent among the elderly in Chongqing, and shows a positive correlation to coronary heart disease, dizziness, chronic pain, anorexia, malnutrition, depression, cognitive impairment. Moreover, women are more likely to experience insomnia than men.
대장무력증환자에서 재당통과시간 측정검사의 횟수가 대장아전절제술의 성적에 미치는 영향 (2000)

Purpose: The results of a subtotal colectomy in colonic inertia, even those reported in the most tecent literature, vary dramaticaUy. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a colonic transit study on the results of a subtotal colectomy in colanic inertia. Methods: Between 1992 and 1997, 30 patients underwent a subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis due to colonic inertia. Twenty-one of them underwent a colonic transit study only one time preoperatively, and 9 patients underwent such a study two times. The success rate was calculated using traditional definition with two sets of criteria. We modified the criteria of success by including new symptoms, such as abdominal, pelvic, or rectal pain, difficult evacuation, and loose stool or diarrhea. The success rate was recalculated using our mare stringent criteria, and compared between group 1 and gmup 2. Results: By the traditional definition, the functional success rate was 100% for patients undergoing a colanic transit study two times preoperatively and 90% for patients undergoing only one study (p=0.34). By our more stringent criteria, the success rate was 100% for patients undergoing studies two times and 62% for those undergoing only one study (p=0.03). Conclusions: The success rate of a colectomy for colonic inertia was significantly higher for patients who underwent a repeat transit study than for those who underwent a single study. Patients who have two or more transit studies to confirm the diagnosis of inertia have a significantly higher pmbability of postoperative improvement of both bowel frequency and associated symptoms, such as pain and difficult evacuation. The mechanism for this discriminatory effect of repeated colonic transit studies requires elucidation by further study.
Bryocamptus yohteiensis, a New Harpacticoid Copepod (Crustacea) from Hokkaido, Japan (1997)

A new species of harpacticoid copepod, Bryocamptus yohteiensis, is described. Specimens of this new species were collected from puddles on the streamside of a willow grove in Kutchan, located on the north of Mt. Yohtei in Hokkaido, Japan. The species is close to B. umiatensis Wilson, 1958 known from Alaska, Kamchatka, and Sakhalin Island. This is the seventh species of the genus reported from Japan.
Transport at the Epitaxial Interface between Germanium and Functional Oxides (2015)

Combining functional oxides with conventional semiconductors provides the potential for transformational advancement of microelectronic devices. Harnessing the full spectrum of oxide functionalities requires current transport between the oxide and the semiconductor. This aspect is addressed by controlling the electronic barrier at an interface between a ferroelectric oxide, BaTiO 3 , and germanium. For the aligned conduction bands of germanium and BaTiO 3 , as measured by spectroscopy, current transport is controlled by the barrier between the top metal electrode and the bands of the BaTiO 3 . Capacitance–voltage analysis of metal–oxide–semiconductor devices further shows that the semiconductor's Fermi level can be moved by a field effect. These results demonstrate a viable approach for electronically bridging the functionalities of oxides directly with a common semiconductor.
A Thallium Ion Sensor Development Based on the Synthesized (E)‐N′‐(Methoxybenzylidene)‐4‐ Methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide Derivatives: Environmental Sample Analysis (2019)

Abstract In this research work, three new derivatives of ( E )‐ N ʹ‐(methoxybenzylidene)‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (MBMBSH) were prepared by means of a condensation technique from the methoxybenzaldehyde and 4‐methyl‐benzenesulphonylhydrazine in good yields, which were crystallized in EtOH and MeOH. MBMBSH ligands were examined through spectroscopic progression ( 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, FTIR, and UV‐Visible). Structures of the MBMBSH lignads confirmed with a single crystal X‐ray diffraction scheme (SCXRDS). MBMBSH derivatives used for the imminent recognition of heavy metal ion (thallium) based on a reliable current‐voltage (I−V) procedure. Smooth GCE was covered with a light layer of MBMBSH molecules and consequently modified toward a sensitive and selective thallium ion sensor using conducting polymer matrix, Nafion (NF). Analytical parameters such as sensitivity, LOQ, and LOD of GCE/4‐MBMBSH/NF as a sensor were calculated from the calibration plot and found as 622.9 pAμM −1 cm −2 , 250.0 mM, and 75.0 pM respectively. This prospective sensor (GCE/4‐MBMBSH/NF) applied to the careful determination of thallium ion in spiked environmental samples and found satisfactory result.
Asymmetric Diethylzinc Addition to N-Diphenylphosphinoyl Benzalimine Mediated by Imino Alcohols (2004)

As our continuous efforts to search for easily accessible ligands for dialkylzinc addition to imines,[1] in this paper,we would like to present a family of chiral imino alcohols 3 derived from 1,2-diphenyl-2-aminoethanol which will be evaluated for the titled reaction. We believed that this kind of chiral ligands could be good chiral ligands for the diethylzinc addition to imines based on two points: (1) The excellent asymmetrically inductive properties of 1,2-diphenyl-2-aminoethanol and its derivatives have been proven in many reactions. (2) The conformation of the nitrogen in the chiral imines 3 is restricted by imine function which is similar to chiral oxazolines reported in our recent work.……
The outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749 contributes to its tolerance to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) (2000)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less susceptible to the antimicrobial properties of tea tree oil than many bacteria and its tolerance is considered to be due to its outer membrane. Polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN), which has no antibacterial action, was used to permeabilize the outer membrane. The addition of PMBN to Ps. aeruginosa NCTC 6749 markedly increased this organism's susceptibility to tea tree oil and to its normally inert hydrocarbons, p-cymene and gamma-terpinene.
Is the Pacemaker Functioning Properly? (2017)

A 93-year-old woman with no symptoms was admitted to the hospital for a pacemaker generator exchange. She had a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy and was taking optimal medical therapy. She had also experienced paroxysmal atrial arrhythmia, which had been treated with atrioventricular node ablation and dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation. Upon her arrival, a 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained (Fig. 1).This ECG is most consistent with:Figure 2 shows atrial tachycardia and a normally functioning pacemaker set in DDI mode.Selections A and B are incorrect, because the P-wave morphology is not consistent with sinus rhythm.Selection C is incorrect, because the paced R-R intervals are constant and the atrioventricular intervals vary between QRS intervals. This signifies that atrial depolarizations are not triggering ventricular pacing, which would occur in DDD mode.Selection D is incorrect, because the pacemaker is appropriately sensing atrial activity.During most cardiac cycles, only the ventricle is being paced, regardless of atrial activity. The reason is atrial channel inhibition by native atrial impulses (black arrows).However, there are 2 atrial-paced beats (arrowheads). These atrial pacing events occur because the native atrial beats preceding them (white arrows) came during the postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP), and no other P wave was sensed before the ventriculoatrial or atrial escape interval timed out. The pacemaker does not trigger when atrial activity takes place during the PVARP. The black arrows point to the rest of the native atrial impulses.Our conclusion was confirmed on the pacemaker's intracardiac electrogram. With the PVARP set at 400 ms and the rate at 70 beats/min, atrial sensing and infrequent atrial pacing were noted. Increasing the rate to 85 beats/min caused the PVARP to cover a larger proportion of the R-R interval. Thus, native atrial impulses fell within the PVARP more frequently, failing to inhibit atrial output, so the frequency of intermittent atrial pacing increased.The DDI mode can be used to avoid tracking atrial arrhythmias. In this mode, the pacemaker is inhibited by atrial beats that would otherwise trigger a ventricular event in DDD mode. Most modern pacemakers automatically switch from DDD to DDI mode if atrial tachyarrhythmias are detected. This feature is called mode switch.
Chloroquine‐Induced Accumulation of Gangliosides and Phospholipids in Skeletal Muscles (1981)

High doses of the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine result in lipid storage in many organs in animals. We used miniature pigs, type Göttingen, to study the lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle after chloroquine intoxication for more than 200 days. The lipids of the quadriceps muscle in intoxicated and in age-matched control pigs were characterized and determined. The lipid storage was larger in skeletal muscle than in any other organ of the intoxicated pigs. The concentration of phospholipids was increased threefold, acidic phospholipids relatively more than neutral ones. The lysosome-specific acidic phospholipid bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate content was almost 50-fold larger in the intoxicated pigs than in the controls. Cholesterol was increased slightly more than the phospholipids, but there was no particular accumulation of cholesteryl esters, which has been shown to occur in the liver. For the first time a storage of gangliosides, relatively more pronounced than of other lipids, was demonstrated in skeletal muscle in the drug-induced lipidosis. The concentration of total gangliosides was increased 10--15-fold, and the pattern of gangliosides showed some distinct changes resulting in at least a 100-fold increase in the concentration of ganglioside GM2 (II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer).
Link Management Protocol (LMP) (2005)

Future optical networks will consist of photonic switches, optical crossconnects, and routers that may be configured with links consisting of a number of user bearer channels and an associated control channel. This paper describes a new link management protocol, called LMP, which runs between neighboring nodes and will be used for both link provisioning and fault isolation. A unique feature of LMP is that it is able to isolate faults in both opaque and transparent networks, independent of the encoding scheme used for the bearer channels. LMP will be used to maintain control channel connectivity, verify bearer channel connectivity, exchange link property information (such as M:N or 1+1 local span protection), and isolate link, fiber, or channel failures within the optical network. 2 Introduction Future optical networks will be built using best-of-breed optical solutions that provide dynamic resource provisioning as well as network survivability. These heterogeneous networks will requi...
A Review of the Pathophysiology, Classification, and Treatment of Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients (2009)

IN BRIEF The development of lower extremity ulcers is a well known potential complication for patients with diabetes. This article reviews the common causes of diabetic foot ulceration and discusses methods for assessment and treatment to aid providers in developing appropriate strategies for foot care in individuals with diabetes
Presenilin Redistribution Associated with Aberrant Cholesterol Transport Enhances β-Amyloid ProductionIn Vivo (2003)

Epidemiology, in vitro, and in vivo studies strongly implicate a role for cholesterol in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have examined the impact of aberrant intracellular cholesterol transport on the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease. In the NPC mouse brain, cholesterol accumulates in late endosomes/lysosomes. This was associated with the accumulation of beta-C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP, but the level of beta-secretase and its activity were not affected. Alpha-secretase activity and secreted APPalpha generation were also not affected, suggesting CTFs increased because of decreased clearance. The level of presenilin-1 (PS-1) was unchanged, but gamma-secretase activity was greatly enhanced, which correlated with an increase in Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels. These events were associated with abnormal distribution of PS-1 in the endosomal system. Our results show that aberrant cholesterol trafficking is associated with the potentiation of APP processing components in vivo, leading to an overall increase in Abeta levels.
Acetyl Fluoride (2010)

(MeCOF) [557-99-3] C2H3FO (MW 62.04) InChI = 1S/C2H3FO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3 InChIKey = JUCMRTZQCZRJDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (EtCOF) [430-71-7] C3H5FO (MW 76.07) InChI = 1S/C3H5FO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3 InChIKey = WMFABESKCHGSRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (PhCOF) [455-32-3] C7H5FO (MW 124.11) InChI = 1S/C7H5FO/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H InChIKey = HPMLGNIUXVXALD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (precursors to acylium salts; acylating agents) Physical Data: MeCOF: mp −84 °C, bp 20–21 °C, d 1.032 g cm−3; EtCOF: bp 42–44 °C, d 0.972 g cm−3; PhCOF: mp −28 °C, bp 159–161 °C; d 1.140 g cm−3. Solubility: all reagents are miscible with all organic solvents, but react with some of them. Analysis of Reagent Purity: all reagents can be analyzed by 1H or 19F NMR.13 Form Supplied in: acetyl, propionyl, and benzoyl fluorides are commercially available. Preparative Methods: acetyl fluoride (but not other acyl fluorides) is most conveniently prepared by addition of Acetyl Chloride to a solution of Potassium Fluoride in AcOH; reaction is immediate. Warming the solution and condensing the gas gives nearly quantitiative yields.1 Procedures applicable to the preparation of a variety of acyl fluorides include reaction of the acid chloride or anhydride with nucleophilic fluorides2 and fluorination of the carboxylic acid.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: samples of acetyl fluoride sealed in glass ampoules slowly form a pyrylium salt.4 Acetyl fluoride is a corrosive lachrymator. All reagents are extremely hazardous. All possible precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation, ingestion, or absorption through the skin as they might cause severe burns. Use in a fume hood. Reagents are stable under normal conditions. Water, alcohol, oxidizing agents, and strong bases hydrolyze acyl fluorides generating an acidic gas, which in contact with metal surfaces can generate flammable and/or explosive hydrogen gas.
Electron microscopy studies of dislocations in diamond synthesized by a cvd method (1992)

Abstract High-density dislocations (∼5 × 108 cm−2) in diamond crystallites synthesized by a chemical vapour deposition method have been studied by electron microscopy. Most of the dislocations, having the Burgers vector of ½<110>, are seen undissociated by the weak-beam observation and are often zigzag in shape on a climb-plane. Some dislocations lying on {111} glide planes are dissociated into Shockley partials. The stacking fault energy estimated from the separation of the partials is 290 ± 40 mJm−2, which is substantially the same as that reported for natural diamond. In some crystallites, high-density twins are observed instead of dislocations.
Correction: Cellular Expression, Trafficking, and Function of Two Isoforms of Human ULBP5/RAET1G (2009)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
The induction heating of fossil fuels in-situ by electric and magnetic fields (1985)

The authors have conducted a study of induction heating of fossil fuels for the Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA) as part of a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic heating techniques for in-situ recovery of bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands. The results of this study provide a proper description of the mechanisms whereby currents are induced, and the heating that will occur when an induction coil is embedded in a fossil fuel formation. The authors describe how some of these findings relate to the coil configurations proposed by Fisher and presents several relevant results of physical scale model experiments of buried induction coil systems. The information provided permits an engineering assessment of Fisher's induction heating proposal to be made.
On Binary DPSK Detection (1978)

Optimum detection of binary DPSK yields a bit error probability, P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</inf> of (1/2) exp ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-E_{b}/\eta</tex> ), the classic result, but requires a reference carrier in-frequency but not necessarily in-phase with the received carrier. Any other detector will yield degraded results. Several well known textbooks give a derivation for a suboptimum detector with the above result but neglect intersymbol interference. In this paper the optimum <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -ary DPSK receiver is shown and a derivation of P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</inf> for the binary case given. Two suboptimum detectors are analyzed and their performance is shown to be 1 to 2 dB worse than the optimum.
Panel Warpage of Fan-Out Panel-Level Packaging Using RDL-First Technology (2019)

In this study, fan-out panel-level packaging (FO-PLP) technology using a redistribution layer (RDL) first approach is demonstrated using a large glass panel as a carrier (550 mm × 650 mm size). Finite-element analysis (FEA) is conducted to investigate process-dependent panel-level warpage with considering material selection of photo-dielectric, glass carrier and molding compound, structure design, and process optimization. Taguchi method is implemented to identify important parameters resulting in large panel warpage in each process and further parametric studies are also conducted with detailed FEA simulation. The effect of gravity on panel warpage has been simulated and analyzed in this study by considering the panel process and panel size. Modeling gravity effect reduces the panel warpage significantly, which is very close to the real case and is validated by warpage measurement results. Therefore, the gravity effect on warpage needs to be modeled for the large panelwarpage simulation to achieve accurate simulation results.
Degradation Mapping and Impact of Device Dimension on IGZO TFTs BTI (2023)

We studied the impact of gate and drain stress biases combination on IGZO based TFTs degradation targeting hot carrier regime. We show that typical signatures of this mechanism (e.g., saturation current degradation and SS increase) are not visible even at high drain biases, while a gate bias dependence only (BTI) is present in most of the degradation data. We also identify an unexpected gate-length dependence of BTI, for which different extrinsic causes are investigated.