gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional finite element simulation of acoustic propagation in spiral bubble net of humpback whale (2019)

In 2004, Leighton hypothesized that the acoustic calls emitted by humpback whales when feeding using bubble nets, may enhance the effectiveness of the net in confining prey (such as herring) by forming a "wall of sound" with a quiet zone within. Modelling of the acoustics of this phenomenon was previously restricted to 2D; this paper conducts a 3D model of the propagation of signals resembling those emitted by humpback whales when bubble netting, projected into an upward spiral bubble net which data to date suggest is the accurate form for the bubble net in 3D space. In this study, the feeding calls were analyzed in the time-frequency domain to extract acoustic information sufficient to allow modeling of the resulting spatial distribution of acoustic pressure and particle velocity, and how they vary over the duration of the call. Sound propagation in the bubble net was described by using a linear steady-state formulation for an effective medium of bubbly water. Using the predicted attenuation, phase velocity and density in bubbly water, a 3D finite element model was constructed to numerically simulate the upward-spiral bubble net which consists of a mixture of bubbles that exhibit a range of radii. The acoustic pressure field and particle motion field were both calculated within the bubble net. The simulation results show that the energy of the whale feeding call could be effectively focused in the bubble net, generating intensive sound pressure and particle motion fields in the bubbly arm of the net, but with some "quiet" regions closer to the center of the net, as Leighton hypothesized. Furthermore, when the hearing ability of herring is taken into consideration, the results suggest that this acoustic focusing effect could be a plausible factor in trapping them in the bubble net. It also allows speculation on the possible enhancements that the time-varying nature of the call during feeding could give to the whale in this mechanism for the bubble net feeding by humpback whales.
Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Vitamin D-Deficient Obese Saudi Females; Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)

This study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in vitamin D deficient obese Saudi females. Thirty vitamin D deficient obese female students were recruited from University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia and divided into a vitamin D group and a placebo group. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was compared between the groups and within the groups by two sample t test and paired t test, respectively. After treatment with 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks, the mean plasma levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was significantly increased from 2.9 to 31.3 ng/ml in the vitamin D group. The results in the vitamin D supplemented group at baseline and at the end, for fasting plasma glucose were 97.90 ± 2.13 and 101.01 ± 1.67 mg/dl (P = 0.21), for insulin, 5.14 ± 3.22 and 4.68 ± 3.24 µIU/ml (P = 0.15) and for Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, 1.28 ± 0.81 and 1.23 ± 0.87 (P = 0.62), respectively. This data showed insignifi cant changes in insulin resistance after treatment with vitamin D, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may not have any eff ect on insulin resistance in vitamin D deficient obese females.
On the Genuineness of Citrus Essential Oils. 51. Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds of Bitter Orange Oil (Citrus aurantium L.) (1996)

The composition of the oxygen heterocyclic fraction of bitter orange essential oil, obtained by normal-phase HPLC with two on-line coupled columns (μ-Porasil and Zorbax), is reported. Genuine, industrial, cold-pressed Italian and Spanish essential oils, commercial oils, laboratory hand-extracted oils, and mixtures of bitter orange oil with sweet orange, lemon, lime, and grapefruit oils were analyzed. Four coumarins (osthol, meranzin, isomeranzin, and meranzin hydrate), three psoralens (bergapten, epoxybergamottin, and epoxybergamottin hydrate), and four polymethoxyflavones (tangeretin, 3,3‘,4‘,5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone, nobiletin, and tetra-O-methylscutellarein) were identified. In addition, three unknown coumarins were found. Meranzin was the main component isolated. Meranzin hydrate, the formation of which was probably due to the hydration of meranzin during the industrial extraction, was not found in the laboratory hand-extracted samples. Meranzin was not present in some industrial samples, probably because of a prolonged and unusual contact of the essential oil with an acid aqueous medium during the process of extraction. Italian essential oils usually exhibited a higher content of oxygen heterocyclic compounds than the Spanish oils. The bitter orange oils adulterated by sweet orange oil were characterized by a lower content of almost all the aforementioned components; the adulteration of bitter orange oils with lemon, lime, or grapefruit oils was detected by the presence of components peculiar to added oils. Keywords: Citrus aurantium L.; bitter orange essential oil; coumarins; psoralens; polymethoxylated flavones; HPLC
Objective parameters of accommodation in concomitant strabismus (2019)

The study resulted in the development of a method of objective accommodometry of strabismic patients with deviation eliminated by prisms. Monocular and binocular AR were significantly higher in convergent strabismus compared to divergent, where consensual accommodation of the squinting eye is significantly reduced compared to the paired one. In patients with consensual strabismus, RTA is significantly higher in hyperopia than in myopia regardless of the form of strabismus.
Zeitaufgelöste Flachdetektor CT Perfusionsbildgebung mit der Angiografieanlage: erste Ergebnisse im Vergleich zur CT/MR- Perfusionsbildgebung (2014)

Eine neue Flachdetektor-Applikation soll eine zeitaufgelöste Perfusionsbildgebung (CBV, CBF, MTT, TTP) direkt im Angiografieraum (FD-CTP) ermöglichen. Ziel der Studie war der Vergleich dieser Parameter-Maps zur Standard-Perfusionsbildgebung (CTP, MRT-PWI).
Dual-Band Dual-Mode Patch Antenna for On-/Off-Body WBAN Communications (2015)

A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed dual-band dual-mode patch antenna for on-/off-body communications is proposed. The proposed antenna, which comprises a T-shaped patch with parasitic patches, a circular patch, and a CPW feedline, has dimensions of 30×45×3.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> The proposed antenna operates in the 2.4-GHz ISM band (2.4-2.485 GHz) for off-body communication, and in the 5.8-GHz ISM band (5.725-5.875 GHz) for on-body communication. The antenna has a patch-like radiation pattern in the 2.4-GHz ISM band and a monopole-like radiation pattern in the 5.8-GHz ISM band.
Competition between CO2 Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution on a Gold Electrode under Well-Defined Mass Transport Conditions (2020)

Gold is one of the most selective catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> (CO2RR) to CO. However, the concomitant hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains unavoidable under aqueous conditions. In this work, a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) setup has been developed to study quantitatively the role of mass transport in the competition between these two reactions on the Au surface in 0.1 M bicarbonate electrolyte. Interestingly, while the faradaic selectivity for CO formation was found to increase with enhanced mass transport (from 67% to 83%), this effect is not due to an enhancement of the CO2RR rate. Remarkably, the inhibition of the competing HER from water reduction with increasing disk rotation rate is responsible for the enhanced CO2RR selectivity. This can be explained by the observation that, on the Au electrode, water reduction improves with more alkaline pH. As a result, the decrease in the local alkalinity near the electrode surface with enhanced mass transport suppresses HER due to the water reduction. Our study shows that controlling the local pH by mass transport conditions can tune the HER rate, in turn regulating the CO2RR and HER competition in the general operating potential window for CO2RR (-0.4 to -1 V vs RHE).
DDX3X mutations in two girls with a phenotype overlapping Toriello–Carey syndrome (2017)

Recently, de novo heterozygous variants in DDX3X have been reported in about 1.5% of 2659 females with previously unexplained intellectual disability (ID). We report on the identification of DDX3X variants in two unrelated girls with clinical features of Toriello-Carey Syndrome (T-CS). In patient 1, the recurrent variant c.1703C>T; p.(P568L) was identified when reconsidering X-linked de novo heterozygous variants in exome sequencing data. In patient 2, the DDX3X variant c.1600C>G; p.(R534G) was also detected by exome sequencing. Based on these data, de novo heterozygous DDX3X variants should be considered not only in females with unexplained ID, but also in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of T-CS.
Ensemble Manifold Segmentation for Model Distillation and Semi-supervised Learning (2018)

Manifold theory has been the central concept of many learning methods. However, learning modern CNNs with manifold structures has not raised due attention, mainly because of the inconvenience of imposing manifold structures onto the architecture of the CNNs. In this paper we present ManifoldNet, a novel method to encourage learning of manifold-aware representations. Our approach segments the input manifold into a set of fragments. By assigning the corresponding segmentation id as a pseudo label to every sample, we convert the problem of preserving the local manifold structure into a point-wise classification task. Due to its unsupervised nature, the segmentation tends to be noisy. We mitigate this by introducing ensemble manifold segmentation (EMS). EMS accounts for the manifold structure by dividing the training data into an ensemble of classification training sets that contain samples of local proximity. CNNs are trained on these ensembles under a multi-task learning framework to conform to the manifold. ManifoldNet can be trained with only the pseudo labels or together with task-specific labels. We evaluate ManifoldNet on two different tasks: network imitation (distillation) and semi-supervised learning. Our experiments show that the manifold structures are effectively utilized for both unsupervised and semi-supervised learning.
Modeling and analysis of software development management as closed loop control (2012)

Managed software development organizations are de facto closed loop systems, in which management actions influence future behavior based on observations of previous behavior thus forming a closed feedback loop. It is well known from control theory that a closed loop system might exhibit dynamics very different from the dynamics of its open loop components. Therefore, it is the goal of this work to study the importance of closed loop effects in the context of software process dynamics. To this end, an exemplary model is presented with a work-test-rework cycle as operational part and a productivity estimation and personnel allocation model as management component. The behavior of this closed loop system is probed with respect to typical disturbances and nonlinearities of software processes. The results underscore the importance of such a closed loop analysis.
MO-D-BRB-07: Automated IMRT Plan Generation for Prostate Cancer (2010)

Purpose: Inter-clinician variability can result in large inconsistencies in IMRT plan quality. This manifests itself as delays in the process due to wasted effort and/or suboptimal plans with respect to target coverage, normal tissue sparing, or both. The purpose of this work is to assess the performance of an automated IMRT planning (autoplanning) routine for prostate cancer. Methods: Autoplanning routines were created in the Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS). The implementation of the autoplanning routines relied on Pinnacle ‘scripts,’ which are assemblies of internal commands stored as text files. Scripts can be called at any time on new patient files. When invoked on a new patient, the autoplanning routine creates various target and normal tissue planning structures, sets the beams and dose prescription, and loads customized IMRT objectives to start the optimization. The target objectives are based on prescription dose, while OAR objectives are determined from a model that takes into account geometric properties of the target and OARs to predict mean doses based on prior cases. To determine its clinical utility, the autoplanning script was compared to five retrospective plans. The prior and autoplanned cases were normalized by equalizing PTV coverage at the prescription dose; the comparison metrics focused on the target dose homogeneity and OAR sparing. Results: The script takes less than 90 seconds to run. The optimization time is case dependent, taking from 10–20 minutes until the initial solution converges. In the five comparison plans, one autoplanned solution bettered the clinically approved plan without intervention, while the remaining cases requiring minimal efforts (10 min - 3 hrs of refinement) to meet or exceed the clinically approved plans. Conclusion: Autoplanning shows great potential in setting the basis for IMRT plans which meet the quality of manually developed plans with minimal or no intervention.
Phytochemical Analysis of a Cytotoxic Fraction of Quassia silvestris using LC‐HR‐ESI‐MS n (2016)

The identification and structural characterisation of highly oxidised squalene derived metabolites from this plant may provide important insight data for further pharmacological investigations. The LC-HR-ESI-MS<sup>n</sup> method reported here could be developed as a rapid and efficient tool for the analyses of structurally related compounds in the genera Quassia, Simarouba, and Eurycoma of the subfamily Simarouboideae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updating Models and Their Uncertainties. I: Bayesian Statistical Framework (1998)

The problem of updating a structural model and its associated uncertainties by utilizing dynamic response data is addressed using a Bayesian statistical framework that can handle the inherent ill-conditioning and possible nonuniqueness in model updating applications. The objective is not only to give more accurate response predictions for prescribed dynamic loadings but also to provide a quantitative assessment of this accuracy. In the methodology presented, the updated (optimal) models within a chosen class of structural models are the most probable based on the structural data if all the models are equally plausible a priori. The prediction accuracy of the optimal structural models is given by also updating probability models for the prediction error. The precision of the parameter estimates of the optimal structural models, as well as the precision of the optimal prediction-error parameters, can be examined. A large-sample asymptotic expression is given for the updated predictive probability distribution of the uncertain structural response, which is a weighted average of the predictive probability distributions for each optimal model. This predictive distribution can be used to make model predictions despite possible nonuniqueness in the optimal models.
The effect of progesterone supplementation prior to the induction of ovulation in women treated for in-vitro fertilization (1987)

Thirty-one patients superovulated with clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) were given a single injection of 25 mg progesterone (P group) 6 h prior to injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Levels of urinary and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) immediately prior to HCG in the P group compared with thirty-one control patients who had HCG on the same night. Plasma levels of progesterone remained significantly elevated (P less than 0.02) for 80 h after injection in the P group, thereafter the level was similar to controls. The number of oocytes recovered, fertilized and replaced per patient was identical in both groups. However, four control patients had no embryos replaced due to failed fertilization. It is concluded that in the majority of P patients the timing of ovulation induction by HCG injection was appropriate as an LH surge was elicited thus reflecting a physiological stage of readiness, and elevated plasma progesterone levels around the time of oocyte recovery and in the early luteal phase do not increase the likelihood of the establishment of pregnancy in patients stimulated for in-vitro fertilization and embryo replacement (IVF/ER) with CC and HMG.
Unusual Cause of Chronic Cough in an Immunocompetent Host (2009)

Aspergillus infections cause a spectrum of pulmonary diseases depending on the immune status of the host. We report a rare case of a young, immunocompetent, patient who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. Owing to primary resistance to itraconazole, the disease progressed to aspergilloma despite treatment. The condition was successfully treated with oral voriconazole.
An in Vitro Approach to the Evaluation of the Cross Talk between Intestinal Epithelium and Macrophages (2001)

The intestinal epithelium acts as a mucosal barrier by varying their signals to immune cells within the intestine. To observe the cross talk between intestinal epithelium and macrophages, we establish a Caco-2-THP-1 co-culture system. Using this co-culture system, we suggested that paracrine factors of intestinal epithelium increased the phagocytic capacity of intestinal monocytes/macrophages to be ready for immune and inflammatory responses.
Three-dimensional multichannel aerogel of carbon quantum dots for high-performance supercapacitors (2014)

A three-dimensional (3D) carbon quantum dot (CQD) aerogel has been prepared by in situ assembling CQDs in the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) and subsequently pyrolyzing the formed CQD gel. Compared to the supercapacitor based on the CQD-free aerogel, the supercapacitor fabricated with the CQD aerogel showed 20-fold higher specific capacitance (294.7 F g(-1) at the current density of 0.5 A g(-1)) and an excellent stability over 1000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles.
Synthesis of a tethered dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene macrocycle and the di-nickel(ii) derivative (2018)

Selective reaction of 2,6-isophthaloyl chloride at the methine positions of two dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene (tmtaa) units results in tethering of the macrocycles by either one or two 2,6-isophthaloyl bridging groups.
Einleitung (2003)

Das Ziel des vorliegenden Handbuchs ist es, Führungskräften, Personalentwicklern, Beratern, Trainern und Coachs modernes Methodenwissen für die Unternehmens-, Organisations- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung zu vermitteln.
Local approximation of stability boundary of a power system using the real normal form of vector fields (2002)

The objective of this work is to approximate the stability boundary of a power system without any integration using the normal form of the vector fields. This involves two steps: (1) first to test which unstable equilibrium point (UEP) lies on the stability boundary, and (2) the second step is to approximate the boundary by the second order approximated manifolds. The approximation is accomplished using the normal forms of vector fields. The stability boundary and its behavior under stressed system conditions are examined. The method is applied to an eleven-generator test system.
Flat and high responsivity CWDM photoreceiver using silica-based AWG with multimode output waveguides (2003)

A multiwavelength photoreceiver with high responsivity and a flat passband was fabricated by using a passive alignment technique. A responsivity of ∼0.8 A/W, flatness &lt;1 dB, and 1.25 Gbit/s×eight-channel simultaneous operation were achieved from the S to the L band.
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves Pringle maneuver in rats, both ischemia and reperfusion (2020)

BPC 157 resolves pringle maneuver-damage in rats, both for ischemia and reperfusion.
Pulmonary function is associated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the general population: The Rotterdam study (2013)

AIM: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and fatal disease with many different causes one of which is COPD. We aimed to investigate the association of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in the general population. METHODS: This study was part of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study among subjects aged 45 years and over. Spirometry was performed according to ATS/ERS-guidelines. Echocardiographic PASP was estimated following the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines; PASP = 4 x tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity ^2 + right atrial pressure (RAP, based on inferior vena cava diameter and inspiratory collapse). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, left ventricular function, BMI, and cardiovascular medication use. RESULTS: From the most recent cross-sectional examination of the Rotterdam Study, a total of 2,903 individuals had complete assessment of both spirometry and echocardiography (44% males, mean age 75 years). Using a 40 mmHg cut-off, 56 (1.9%) participants had an echocardiographic suspicion PH. Using linear regression per 10% decrease, FEV1 % predicted was associated with a PASP increase of 0.5 mmHg (CI: 0.4; 0.7), similar to FVC % pred (0.5 mmHg, CI: 0.3; 0.7). Lastly, FEV1/FVC showed an association of 1.0 mmHg (CI: 0.6; 1.4) increase. After excluding participants with spirometry defined COPD, the associations persisted. When analysed dichotomously, FEV1 % pred, FVC% pred and FEV1/FVC were associated with an increased risk of PASP over 40 mmHg. CONCLUSION: In the general population, pulmonary function shows a clear association with PASP, even in persons free of COPD.
Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption following hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets (2005)

Impaired oxidative metabolism following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is believed to be an early indicator of delayed brain injury. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) can be measured by combining near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral deoxy-hemoglobin concentration. The ability of NIRS to measure changes in CMRO2 following HI was investigated in newborn piglets. Nine piglets were subjected to 30 min of HI by occluding both carotid arteries and reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8%. An additional nine piglets served as sham-operated controls. Measurements of CBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and CMRO2 were obtained at baseline and at 6 h after the HI insult. Of the three parameters, only CMRO2 showed a persistent and significant change after HI. Five minutes after reoxygenation, there was a 28+/-12% (mean+/-SE) decrease in CMRO2, a 72+/-50% increase in CBF, and a 56+/-19% decrease in OEF compared with baseline (P<0.05). By 30 min postinsult and for the remainder of the study, there were no significant differences in CBF and OEF between control and insult groups, whereas CMRO2 remained depressed throughout the 6-h postinsult period. This study demonstrates that NIRS can measure decreases in CMRO2 caused by HI. The results highlight the potential for NIRS to be used in the neonatal intensive care unit to detect delayed brain damage.