gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Silk Macroporous Materials for Drug Delivery Obtained via Ice-Templating (2022)

Silk from <i>Bombyx mori</i> is one of the most exciting materials in nature. The apparently simple arrangement of its two major components─two parallel filaments of silk fibroin (SF) coated by a common sericin (SS) sheath─provides a combination of mechanical and surface properties that can protect the moth during its most vulnerable phase, the pupal stage. Here, we recapitulate the topology of native silk fibers but shape them into three-dimensional porous constructs using an unprecedented design strategy. We demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of these macroporous silk foams as dermal patches for wound protection and for the controlled delivery of Rifamycin (Rif), a model antibiotic. The method implies (i) removing SS from silk fibers; (ii) shaping SF solutions into macroporous foams via ice-templating; (iii) stabilizing the SF macroporous foam in a methanolic solution of Rif; and (iv) coating Rif-loaded SF foams with a SS sheath. The resulting SS@SF foams exhibit water wicking capacity and accommodate up to ∼20% deformation without detaching from a skin model. The antibacterial behavior of Rif-loaded SS@SF foams against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> on agar plates outperforms that of SF foams (>1 week and 4 days, respectively). The reassembly of natural materials as macroporous foams─illustrated here for the reconstruction of silk-based materials─can be extended to other multicomponent natural materials and may play an important role in applications where controlled release of molecules and fluid transport are pivotal.
Size-Detecting Mechanisms in Human Vision (1968)

Inspecting a pattern of alternating dark and light bars makes it difficult to see a similar pattern presented afterward. This phenomenon can be used to isolate mechanisms responsive to bars of a given width. Our results suggest that the human visual system contains several different classes of size detectors, each maximally sensitive to visual targets with sizes in a particular range.
Electrode Kinetic Study of Cu Electrodeposition with Supercritical CO2 by High Pressure Rotating Disk Electrode Method (2022)

The electrochemical reaction mechanism on the electrode surface for the activation of Cu electrodeposition in a sulfate-based Cu plating solution containing poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and supercritical CO 2 (Sc-CO 2 ) was studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed using a rotating disk electrode system specially designed for high pressure environment. The experimental results demonstrated that the mixed Sc-CO 2 had a significant inhibitory effect on Cu electrodeposition. In addition, a kinetics model was attempted to be constructed for the Sc-CO 2 mixed system based on the conventional model for the system with suppressor. As a result, the same mechanism as in the conventional model can be used to explain the Sc-CO 2 mixed system, Sc-CO 2 micelles in the solution were suggested to adsorb on the electrode surface in the same manner as the PEG molecules, which affected the reaction mechanism and was expected to inhibit the reduction reaction of Cu ions. Furthermore, the mixed Sc-CO 2 was presumed to reduce the transition coefficient by suppressing the reduction reaction of Cu 2+ ions to the Cu + complex by adsorption on the electrode surface.
N, P, and K Percentages in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Plant Parts1 (1971)

Abstract Field experiments were conducted with N fertilizer applications for nodulating and non‐nodulating soybean isolines, with P and K fertilizer applications for the nodulating isolines, and with 8 varieties. Percentages of N, P, and K in the plant parts at successive stages of plant development were determined. Composition of plant parts from different varieties usually were similar. N, P, and K concentrations in each plant part, except the seeds, usually decreased as the season progressed. Fertilizer applications resulted in increased concentrations of the fertilizer nutrient applied in all plant parts. N deficiency resulted in late‐season increased P concentrations, especially in leaves, petioles and seeds. Nutrient translocation to the developing seeds resulted in severe nutrient depletion in other plant parts irrespective of fertilizer applications.
Syndecan-1 (CD 138) in Myeloma and Lymphoid Malignancies: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cell Behavior Within the Tumor Microenvironment (1999)

Syndecan-1 is a transmembrane proteoglycan expressed on the surface of tumor cells of various origins including myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, and certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated lymphomas. Functional studies in myeloma reveal that syndecan-1 may act as a multifunctional regulator of cell behavior in the tumor microenvironment; it mediates cell-cell adhesion, binding of myeloma cells to type I collagen, and inhibits tumor cell invasion into collagen gels. In addition, syndecan-1 is released from the surface of myeloma cells and this shed form of the molecule inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of myeloma cells and may modulate myeloma bone disease by inhibiting osteoclast formation and promoting osteoblast formation. In view of its effects on tumor cell growth, survival, adhesion and invasion and on bone cell differentiation, syndecan-1 may be an important potentially beneficial regulator of myeloma pathobiology. Further studies are needed to define the clinical significance of syndecan-1 in myeloma and to examine its functional significance in other lymphoid malignancies.
The Neogene-Quaternary basins of the Betic Cordillera: an overview (2005)

During the Neogene, sedimentation in the Betic Cordillera took place in two geodynamically different phases. During the first of these (Early and Middle Miocene) the Betic basins evolved simultaneously with the main movements of orogenic structuring of the Cordillera, which were the collision between the Alboran Microplate (that would later make up the Internal Zones) and the South-Iberian Palaeomargin (whose deformed rocks made up the External Zones), together with the extensional detachments of the former and overthrusts in the latter of these domains (Vera, 2001). In this first, markedly synorogenic phase, a number of basins formed within the orogene (to the South), known as Intrachain Basins, as well as a foreland basin outside it (to the North), known as the North-Betic Strait, Proto-Guadalquivir Basin and North-Betic Foreland Basin (Sanz de Galdeano and Vera, 1992; Soria, 1993; Viseras et al., 2004). The sediments filling them, particularly the intrachain basins, are intensely deformed by Betic orogeny, which prevents detailed understanding of their original palaeogeographic boundaries. The second geodynamic phase in which Neogene sedimentation occurred coincided with the Neotectonic Stage (Late Miocene to Quaternary). The main features of the orogene had already been determined and tectonic activity centred on the convergence of Africa and Iberia. This was the context in which the Postorogenic Basins formed, which are located on both Internal and External Zones and on the contact between the two.
MIMO-SAR: Opportunities and Pitfalls (2013)

This paper reviews advanced radar architectures that employ multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas to improve the performance of future synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. These advanced architectures have been dubbed multiple-input multiple-output SAR (MIMO-SAR) in analogy to MIMO communication systems. Considerable confusion arose, however, with regard to the selection of suitable waveforms for the simultaneous transmission via multiple channels. It is shown that the mere use of orthogonal waveforms is insufficient for the desired performance improvement in view of most SAR applications. As a solution to this fundamental MIMO-SAR challenge, a new class of short-term shift-orthogonal waveforms is introduced. The short-term shift orthogonality avoids mutual interferences from the radar echoes of closely spaced scatterers, while interferences from more distant scatterers are suppressed by digital beamforming on receive in elevation. Further insights can be gained by considering the data acquisition of a side-looking imaging radar in a 3-D information cube. It becomes evident that the suggested waveforms fill different subspaces that can be individually accessed by a multichannel receiver. For completeness, the new class of short-term shift-orthogonal waveforms is also compared to a recently proposed pair of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing waveforms. It is shown that both sets of waveforms require essentially the same principle of range time to elevation angle conversion via a multichannel receiver in order to be applicable for MIMO-SAR imaging without interference.
Automated segmentation of the prostate in 3D MR images using a probabilistic atlas and a spatially constrained deformable model (2010)

By merging prior knowledge, the presented method achieves a robust and completely automatic segmentation of the prostate in MR images. Results show that the use of a spatial constraint is useful to increase the robustness of the deformable model comparatively to a deformable surface that is only driven by an image appearance model.
New localization and function of calpain-2 in nucleoli of colorectal cancer cells in ribosomal biogenesis: effect of KRAS status (2018)

Calpain-2 belongs to a family of pleiotropic Cys-proteases with modulatory rather than degradative functions. Calpain (CAPN) overexpression has been controversially correlated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the mechanisms of substrate-recognition, calpain-2 regulation/deregulation and specific functions in CRC remain elusive. Herein, calpain subcellular distribution was studied as a key event for substrate-recognition and consequently, for calpain-mediated function. We describe a new localization for calpain-2 in the nucleoli of CRC cells. Calpain-2 nucleolar distribution resulted dependent on its enzymatic activity and on the mutational status of KRAS. In KRASWT/- cells serum-starvation induced CAPN2 expression, nucleolar accumulation and increased binding to the rDNA-core promoter and intergenic spacer (IGS), concomitant with a reduction in pre-rRNA levels. Depletion of calpain-2 by specific siRNA prevented pre-rRNA down-regulation after serum removal. Conversely, ribosomal biogenesis proceeded in the absence of serum in unresponsive KRASG13D/- cells whose CAPN2 expression, nucleolar localization and rDNA-occupancy remained unchanged during the time-course of serum starvation. We propose here that nucleolar calpain-2 might be a KRAS-dependent sensor to repress ribosomal biogenesis in growth limiting conditions. Under constitutive activation of the pathway commonly found in CRC, calpain-2 is deregulated and tumor cells become insensitive to the extracellular microenvironment.
Frequency Response of Induced-Charge Electrophoretic Metallic Janus Particles (2020)

The ability to manipulate and control active microparticles is essential for designing microrobots for applications. This paper describes the use of electric and magnetic fields to control the direction and speed of induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP) driven metallic Janus microrobots. A direct current (DC) magnetic field applied in the direction perpendicular to the electric field maintains the linear movement of particles in a 2D plane. Phoretic force spectroscopy (PFS), a phase-sensitive detection method to detect the motions of phoretic particles, is used to characterize the frequency-dependent phoretic mobility and drag coefficient of the phoretic force. When the electric field is scanned over a frequency range of 1 kHz-1 MHz, the Janus particles exhibit an ICEP direction reversal at a crossover frequency at ~30 kH., Below this crossover frequency, the particle moves in a direction towards the dielectric side of the particle, and above this frequency, the particle moves towards the metallic side. The ICEP phoretic drag coefficient measured by PFS is found to be similar to that of the Stokes drag. Further investigation is required to study microscopic interpretations of the frequency at which ICEP mobility switched signs and the reason why the magnitudes of the forward and reversed modes of ICEP are so different.
Meters to nanometers; RF antennas for optics (2012)

Optical antennas have garnered much interest from the optics community for their ability to manipulate light below the diffraction limit of conventional optics. This relatively new capability to transform light at a sub-wavelength scale has been applied to quantum source enhancement, infrared detection and solar cell design. This work aims to expand upon the range of optical antennas presented in literature by exploiting the rich array of well-known radio-frequency (RF) antenna designs and applying them to the optical spectral region, for the enhancement of quantum emitters.
A qualitative comparison of arterial spin labelling and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in 52 children with a range of neurological conditions (2016)

The results of this study suggest that ASL offers a realistic alternative to DSC in the paediatric setting for the majority of cases encountered in this study. However, there are some situations where DSC outperforms ASL; so, care is required to choose the most appropriate technique for the pathology under investigation. A larger study is required to corroborate these preliminary findings. Advances in knowledge: ASL is a relatively new perfusion imaging technique whose use has not been explored extensively in the paediatric setting. This work is a preliminary study to evaluate its usefulness in paediatric neuroimaging.
Navigating with highly precise odometry and noisy GPS: a case study * (2016)

For linear systems, the Kalman filter perfectly handles rank deficiencies in the process noise covariance matrix, i.e., deterministic information. Yet, in a nonlinear setting this poses great challenges to the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In this paper we consider a simplified nonlinear car model with deterministic dynamics, i.e., perfect odometry, and noisy position measurements. Simulations evidence the EKF, when used as a nonlinear observer, 1-fails to correctly encode the physical implications of the deterministic dynamics 2-fails to converge even for small initial estimation errors. On the other hand, the invariant (I)EKF, a variant of the EKF that accounts for the symmetries of the problem 1-correctly encodes the physical implications of the deterministic information 2-is mathematically proved to (almost) globally converge, with explicit convergence rates, whereas the EKF does not even locally converge in our simulations. This study more generally suggests the IEKF is way more natural than the EKF, for high precision navigation purposes.
Stereo Sound Demixing Method in Time-Frequency Domain (2007)

본 논문은 스테레오 사운드에서 합쳐지기 이전의 개별적인 사운드를 분리해내는 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique (DUET) 알고리즘의 W-Disjoint Orthogonal 가정에 기반을 두고 있으며, Windowed-Fourier 변환을 사용하여 시간-주파수 영역에서 주요 프로세스를 수행한다. 제안된 방식은 패닝 인덱스의 거리차이에 따라 가중치를 준 마스크를 사용하는 기법과 양쪽 채널의 성분을 비교하여 바이너리 기반의 마스크를 사용하는 방식이다. 전자는 부드러운 분리 특성을 보여주며, 후자는 높은 분리 특성을 보여주었다. 마지막에 실험을 통해 기존의 방식과 제안된 방식을 비교함으로써, 제안된 방식이 기존 방식 보다 좋은 성능을 가지고 있음을 알아볼 것이다. This paper presents a new demixing method that separates each source from a stereo sound mixture. Under the W-Disjoint Orthogonal assumption in DUET(Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique) algorithm. The proposed method is mainly processed in time-frequency domain by using windowed-fourier transform. In this paper there are two main contributions: a weighted mask by panning index distances and a binary mask by comparing each channel value. The former has tender demixing characteristic, and the latter has stronger demixing characteristic. In experimental results, we will show that both masks produce more robust demixing than the existing demixing methods do.
Multiple Diagnosis or Continuum of Disease: Multicentric Castleman's Disease (2016)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published online February 1, 2016Multiple Diagnosis or Continuum of Disease: Multicentric Castleman's DiseaseS Datla, K Parker, […], L Robert, and N Soloman+1-1View all authors and affiliationsVolume 64, Issue 3https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000080.58
On The Current Understanding Of Somaclonal Variation (1991)

Abstract Over the past decade considerable advances have been made in the genetic engineering of crop plants through the coupling of recombinant DNA techniques with regeneration from plant tissue cultures. Amongst the current problems facing the advance of this technology is the occurrence of uncontrolled instability, or somaclonal variation, that arises through the in vitro culture process. This unexpected source of variation was originally publicized as a potential source of novel crop improvements but it has since become clear that the variation has far wider significance. This review appraises the present status of knowledge of somaclonal variation based on the current understanding of its nature, causes and importance.
<title>Role of the national information infrastructure on health care delivery in a resource-constrained environment</title> (1994)

Health Care Reform has been the focus of national attention for the past 2 years. Issues in the forefront of health care delivery which must be solved include the escalating cost of delivering high quality health care, inadequate access to primary and specialty care to segments of both rural and urban America, and the duplication of expensive facilities because of the inability of the infrastructure to enable the sharing of these facilities. Individuals who are geographically distant or residing in inner city neighborhoods of large metropolitan areas have little or no access to the most basic medical care, let alone tertiary care centers. As but a few examples, in some regions seven days are required for a general practitioner to receive an x-ray report from a radiologist, an increasing number of small towns do not have physicians or even physician assistants in residence, and many do not have 911 services.
Continuous program optimization (2003)

Much of the software in everyday operation is not making optimal use of the hardware on which it actually runs. Among the reasons for this discrepancy are hardware/software mismatches, modularization overheads introduced by software engineering considerations, and the inability of systems to adapt to users' behaviors.A solution to these problems is to delay code generation until load time. This is the earliest point at which a piece of software can be fine-tuned to the actual capabilities of the hardware on which it is about to be executed, and also the earliest point at wich modularization overheads can be overcome by global optimization.A still better match between software and hardware can be achieved by replacing the already executing software at regular intervals by new versions constructed on-the-fly using a background code re-optimizer. This not only enables the use of live profiling data to guide optimization decisions, but also facilitates adaptation to changing usage patterns and the late addition of dynamic link libraries.This paper presents a system that provides code generation at load-time and continuous program optimization at run-time. First, the architecture of the system is presented. Then, two optimization techniques are discussed that were developed specifically in the context of continuous optimization. The first of these optimizations continually adjusts the storage layouts of dynamic data structures to maximize data cache locality, while the second performs profile-driven instruction re-scheduling to increase instruction-level parallelism. These two optimizations have very different cost/benefit ratios, presented in a series of benchmarks. The paper concludes with an outlook to future research directions and an enumeration of some remaining research problems.The empirical results presented in this paper make a case in favor of continuous optimization, but indicate that it needs to be applied judiciously. In many situations, the costs of dynamic optimizations outweigh their benefit, so that no break-even point is ever reached. In favorable circumstances, on the other hand, speed-ups of over 120% have been observed. It appears as if the main beneficiaries of continuous optimization are shared libraries, which at different times can be optimized in the context of the currently dominant client application.
Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: therapeutic implications (2010)

Devic's neuromyelitis optica (DNMO) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) essentially restricted to the spinal cord and the optic nerves. It is a rare disorder with a prevalence estimated at less than 1/100,000 in Western countries. Since the first description by Eugène Devic in 1894, the relationship between DNMO and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been controversial. Recent clinical, epidemiological, pathological and immunological data demonstrate that MS and DNMO are distinct entities. This distinction between DNMO and MS is crucial, as prognosis and treatment are indeed different. DNMO is now considered to be an autoimmune, antibody-mediated disease especially since the identification of a specific serum autoantibody, named NMO-IgG and directed against the main water channel of the CNS, aquaporin-4 (AQP4). The assessment of AQP4 antibodies (Abs) has initially been proposed to differentiate DNMO and MS. It has also enlarged the clinical spectrum of DNMO and proved to be helpful in predicting relapses and conversion to DNMO after a first episode of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis or isolated optic neuritis. Lastly, the discovery of the pathogenic role of AQP4 Abs in DNMO leads to a better understanding of detailed DNMO immunopathology and the elaboration of relevant novel treatment strategies specific to DNMO. In this review, we summarize the present and future therapeutic implications generated by the discovery of the various pathogenic mechanisms of AQP4 Abs in DNMO pathophysiology.
Design and Implementation of Geometric Invariant Zero-Watermarking in Digital Copyright Protection (2015)

Digital copyright protection is a bottleneck in the cross-media industry currently. In this paper, image normalization technique is used to map image into a geometric invariant space. Then, important area is extracted from the normalized image. At last, important area’s low-frequency DCT coefficients and watermark image are used to construct copyright information. Simulation results show that, without changing original image data, the proposed scheme is robust to geometric attacks and some conventional signal processing attacks. Hence it provides an effective solution for high reliability copyright protection.
Analysis of Bottlenecks in Experimental Models of Infection (2015)

The metaphor of a bottleneck has been used in a variety of fields to describe the critical constraints that limit a system's performance or capacity. In biology, particularly in studies of population dynamics and evolution, the bottleneck concept is often used in reference to events that sharply limit population size Such events frequently produce stochastic changes in the genetic composition of a population (Fig In extreme cases, population-reducing events can eliminate genotypes from a gene pool (Fig
Bone marrow abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging are associated with type II collagen degradation in knee osteoarthritis: A three‐month longitudinal study (2005)

In patients with painful knee OA, bone marrow abnormalities on MRI can change within only 3 months in approximately 30% of patients. Reduction in the extent of bone marrow abnormalities is associated with a decrease in cartilage degradation.