gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved plane-wave high frame rate imaging using retrospective transmit focusing and filter-derived coherence-index weighting (2010)

Recently, a wide spectrum of new applications in biomedical ultrasound such as real time 3D ultrasound and transient elastography has triggered the need of high frame-rate imaging. One of the methods to achieve high frame-rate imaging is to use plane wave excitation (PWE) with which a single insonification is sufficient to form an image. However, due to the lack of transmit focusing, the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast, and spatial resolution of the resultant images are lower compared with a conventional focused transmission. To solve this problem, we propose a filter-based retrospective focusing technique combined with filter-derived coherence-index weighting (FRF+FCI weighting) for high frame-rate imaging with PWE. A 2-D filter is designed and applied to beamformed baseband data to retrieve transmit focusing. Then a filter-derived coherence index (FCI) at each imaging point is used as a weighting factor to further improve the filter-retrieved focusing quality. Here FCI is a coherence measure of the filtered signal samples in the sliding filter kernel, Due to the sidelobe-suppression nature of the designed 2-D filter, FCIs are low at sidelobes; thus FCI weighting can further suppress the sidelobes in the filtered signal samples. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed FRF+FCI weighting technique can enhance the image quality of high frame-rate imaging with single PWE — reducing the sidelobes, and improving the SNR and spatial resolution while being capable of retaining the high frame rate. Since it is applied over high frame-rate imaging with single PWE, FRF+FCI weighting performed after beamforming is inherently insusceptible to motion artifacts. In addition, coded excitation techniques can be integrated into our technique to further improve SNR.
[Clinical usefulness of helical scanning CT (HES-CT) for orbital lesion]. (1993)

Helical scanning CT (HES-CT) was applied to multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and 3-D imaging for the diagnosis of 65 patients with orbital lesions. We employed the the Toshiba TCT-900S, a fourth-generation high-speed CT scanner equipped with a slip-ring system. In HES-CT, scanning was performed with continuous rotation of the X-ray tube for 30 s, while the couch top was simultaneously moved at a constant speed of 1 to 2 mm/s. Images were reconstructed from continuous raw data to obtain a slice pitch of 1 mm in the longitudinal direction. HES-CT was found to have some advantages over conventional thin slice CT: 1) a wide area could be scanned in a short time (30 s) without motion artifact, 2) small lesions could be easily detected because slice images could be generated with a fine pitch at arbitrary positions from continuous raw data, 3) MPR images had good continuity in the longitudinal direction, and 4) high contrast of structures was obtained in the orbital region. HES-CT was considered to be useful for the detection of orbital lesions.
Direction dependence of displacement time for two-fluid electroosmotic flow (2012)

Electroosmotic flow that involves one fluid displacing another fluid is commonly encountered in various microfludic applications and experiments, for example, current monitoring technique to determine zeta potential of microchannel. There is experimentally observed anomaly in such flow, namely, the displacement time is flow direction dependent, i.e., it depends if it is a high concentration fluid displacing a low concentration fluid, or vice versa. Thus, this investigation focuses on the displacement flow of two fluids with various concentration differences. The displacement time was determined experimentally with current monitoring method. It is concluded that the time required for a high concentration solution to displace a low concentration solution is smaller than the time required for a low concentration solution to displace a high concentration solution. The percentage displacement time difference increases with increasing concentration difference and independent of the length or width of the channel and the voltage applied. Hitherto, no theoretical analysis or numerical simulation has been conducted to explain this phenomenon. A numerical model based on finite element method was developed to explain the experimental observations. Simulations showed that the velocity profile and ion distribution deviate significantly from a single fluid electroosmotic flow. The distortion of ion distribution near the electrical double layer is responsible for the displacement time difference for the two different flow directions. The trends obtained from simulations agree with the experimental findings.
O, E, S, C, and L Band Silicon Photonics Coherent Modulator/Receiver (2016)

We present a monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuit coherent modulator and receiver that works from 1260 to 1630 nm. We demonstrate 200-Gb/s unamplified 16-QAM transmission and long-range optical coherence tomography.
392. High Intrinsic Expression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Is a Critical Protective Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) display a unique aptitude to promote angiogenesis in various ischemic sites and restore endothelial function of injured vessels. We hypothesized that EPCs are resistant to oxidative stress and that this resistance is due to high expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Outgrowth colonies of EPCs isolated from human blood of healthy subjects were cultured and expanded. Cobblestone appearance, incorporation of acetylated LDL and isolectin, as well as expression of vWF, Flk-1, CD31, CD144, and eNOS indicated endothelial phenotype. EPCs demonstrated a marked resistance to cytotoxic effect of LY83583 (a O2.− generator). The survival rates for EPCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treated with 5 μ M LY83583 for 3 days are 74.8± 7.7% and 7.4± 1.2% (n=3), respectively. LY83583 inhibited in vitro tube formation by HUVECs and coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs), but not by EPCs. Compared to mature endothelial cells (HUVECs and CAECs), EPCs exhibited an about 3.5-fold higher expression and activity of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) (n=3–4, P<0.05) with no difference in cytosolic CuZnSOD and catalase (n=3–4). Confocal and electron microscopy studies showed that mitochondria of HUVECs swelled after treatment with LY83583, while remained normal in EPCs. Furthermore, trypan blue exclusion assay showed that overexpression of recombinant MnSOD protected HUVECs from cytotoxic effect of LY83583. These results suggest that augmented MnSOD expression is a critical intrinsic mechanism designed to protect EPCs against oxidative stress.
Association between Preheparin Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Mass and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Men (2002)

A sensitive immunoassay system using a specific monoclonal antibody against lipoprotein lipase (LPL) recently demonstrated the presence of an LPL mass in preheparin serum. We reported that a preheparin serum LPL mass (pre-LPL mass) reflected the level of functioning LPL activity in the whole body and could be deeply involved in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis of stable organic angina pectoris. We examined the relation between the pre-LPL mass and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We studied 44 males with AMI (AMI group) and 16 males with a normal coronary artery (NCA group), and measured the pre-LPL mass by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coronary risk factors including the pre-LPL mass were compared between the two groups and multiple regression analysis was performed for AMI. There were no significant differences in the lipid data, but the pre-LPL mass level was significantly low in the AMI group (52 +/- 16 vs 41 +/- 14 ng/ml, p = 0.01), and a low pre-LPL mass concentration was observed in the small sized LDL group and/or the Midband positive group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a low pre-LPL mass and hypertriglyceridemia were independent risk factors for AMI (t value = 2.1, 2.4). The result indicates that a low pre-LPL mass may be an important risk factor for AMI and stable organic angina pectoris.
Issues and challenges of double patterning lithography in DRAM (2007)

Double patterning lithography has been one of the candidates for sub-40nm patterning era, and has a lot of process issues to be confirmed. Last year, we presented the issues in double patterning lithography with a real flash gate pattern. Process flow was suggested and CD uniformity due to overlay was analyzed. And the layout decomposition and the two types of double patterning of positive and negative tone were studied with 1-dimensional pattern. In this paper, the implementation to DRAM patterns is examined, which consist of 2-dimensional patterns. Double patterning methods and the selection of their tone for each layer are studied, and the difficulties from the randomness of core pattern are also considered. As a result, DRAM patterns have more restrictions on the double patterning method and selection of tone, and the aggressive layout decomposition should be designed to solve the difficulty in core patterning. Therefore, 37nm DRAM layout can be patterned and the overlay control and cost still remain as dominant obstacles.
Improvement in anti-static property and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin by doping graphene (2020)

This work investigates the effect of graphene filler in epoxy resin with the purpose of developing an improved thermally conductive epoxy encapsulation material for electronic devices. The findings in this work show that the thermal conductivity increases by a factor of about 1.6 times with 0.1 wt% loading of graphene in epoxy resin. The increase in the rate of surface charge verifies an improved anti-static property. On examining the phase resolved partial discharge patterns, it is observed that the inception voltage and the number of partial discharge pulses is lower for the filled epoxy compared to that of the neat epoxy. The increase in the rate of surface charge decay indicates an improved anti-static property. The findings in this paper provide a reference in the development of materials with improved thermal conductivity and anti-static properties for graphene/epoxy materials for use in the packaging of electronic devices.
Market Volatility (1996)

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Novel Selectivity in Reduction of Ketones by Lithium N-Dihydropyridylaluminum Hydride (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Selectivity in Reduction of Ketones by Lithium N-Dihydropyridylaluminum HydridePeter T. Lansbury and James O. PetersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 9, 1756–1757Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00868a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00868a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bicyclic Amide Acetals. Synthesis and Reactions (1971)

The synthesis and properties of bicyclic amide acetals, a new class of very reactive compounds, are reviewed. The reactions of the bicyclic amide acetals described have a wealth of possibilities for the preparation of new classes of substances.
A new extraction technique for the series resistances of semiconductor devices based on the intrinsic properties of bias-dependent Y-parameters (2004)

This paper presents an approach for the extraction of the series parasitics of semiconductor devices. The approach is based on the inherently different bias dependent behavior of y-parameters for a device with series parasitics compared to a device without series parasitics. The principles of this new method are verified analytically as well in simulations using the ADS Gummel-Poon model. In conclusion we have applied the proposed extraction method on measured data of DIMES-03 bipolar transistors of different sizes.
Reach Extenders Based on Optical Amplification for XGPON1 Optical Access Networks (2011)

Reach Extenders based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers are experimented on a commercial prototype XGPON1 system. Bidirectional performances are evaluated and improved using a novel SOA operation. Up to 50dB of optical budget is obtained.
Three envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus: large S, middle S, and major S proteins needed for the formation of Dane particles (1991)

The infectious particles of hepatitis B virus are called Dane particles and consist of viral nucleic acid encapsulated within a core particle that is enveloped by virus-coded surface proteins. The major S protein constitutes a significant fraction of these surface proteins. In addition, there are two other related proteins (large S and middle S), but their role in envelope formation has not yet been elucidated. We modified the translation initiation codon ATG of each of the envelope proteins by site-directed mutagenesis and found that mutant genomes that did not produce one or two of these proteins were unable to form Dane particles. The particles released into the culture medium by such mutants did not carry DNA. Synthesis of virus-coded RNA still occurred normally, and core particles carrying DNA accumulated intracellularly. The DNA in such core particles was mostly in the double-stranded open circular form, in contrast to the normal situation in which the particles contain mostly RNA and its complementary single-stranded DNA or else contain linear DNA that is partially single stranded and otherwise duplex. The role of the large S and middle S proteins in the formation of Dane particles is discussed.
The structural, dynamical and biochemical characterizations of Verticillium dahliae pectate lyase, VdPelB, highlight its specificities (2022)

Abstract Pectins, complex polysaccharides and major components of the plant primary cell wall, can be degraded by pectate lyases (PLs). PLs cleave glycosidic bonds of homogalacturonans (HG), the main pectic domain, by β-elimination, releasing unsaturated oligogalacturonides (OGs). To understand the catalytic mechanism and structure/function of these enzymes, we characterized VdPelB from Verticillium dahliae , a plant pathogen. We first solved the crystal structure of VdPelB at 1.2Å resolution showing that it is a right-handed parallel β-helix structure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further highlighted the dynamics of the enzyme in complex with substrates that vary in their degree of methylesterification, identifying amino acids involved in substrate binding and cleavage of non-methylesterified pectins. We then biochemically characterized wild type and mutated forms of VdPelB. VdPelB was most active on non-methylesterified pectins, at pH 8 in presence of Ca 2+ ions. VdPelB-G125R mutant was most active at pH 9 and showed higher relative activity compared to native enzyme. The OGs released by VdPelB differed to that of previously characterized PLs, showing its peculiar specificity in relation to its structure. OGs released from Verticillium- partially tolerant and sensitive flax cultivars differed which could facilitate the identification VdPelB-mediated elicitors of defence responses.
Multi-slot photonic crystal cavities for high-sensitivity refractive index sensing (2019)

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a multi-slot photonic crystal (PhC) cavity sensor on the silicon-on-insulator platform. By optimizing the structure of the PhC cavity, most of the light can be distributed in the lower index region; thus, the sensitivity can be dramatically improved. By exposing the cavities to different mass concentrations of NaCl solutions, we obtained that the wavelength shift per refractive index unit (RIU) for the sensor is 586 nm/RIU, which is one of the highest sensitivities achieved in a non-suspended cavity. Furthermore, the size of the sensing region of the reported sensor is only 22.8 μm × 1.5 μm, making the high-sensitivity PhC cavity sensor attractive for the realization of on-chip sensor arrays.
Adaptive frame synchroniser for digital satellite communication systems (1988)

The paper presents an analysis of the error performance of a basic frame synchroniser when noise and timing uncertainties exist. The results yield criteria for a new window width and detection threshold strategy, and a new form of frame synchroniser for digital satellite communication systems is described. It is shown that false alarms and misdetections may be minimised using the adaptive window width and adaptive detection threshold strategies implemented using a microprocessor-based system.
Expanding the Pyrimidine Diphosphosugar Repertoire: The Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Amino- and Acetamidoglucopyranosyl Derivatives This contribution was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM58196 and CA84374), a Cancer Center Support Grant (CA-08748), and a grant from the Special Projects Committee of the Society of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. J.S.T. is an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow and a Rita Allen Foundation Scholar. (2001)

The exploitation of a unique thymidylyltransferase (E<sub>p</sub> ) allows the rapid syntheses of thymidine and uridine 5'-(aminodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), 5'-(acetamidodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), and even 5'-(aminodideoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), which are amino analogues of the products from the native reaction of E<sub>p</sub> .
Dynamic Task Assignment and Path Planning of Multi-AUV System Based on an Improved Self-Organizing Map and Velocity Synthesis Method in Three-Dimensional Underwater Workspace (2012)

For a 3-D underwater workspace with a variable ocean current, an integrated multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) dynamic task assignment and path planning algorithm is proposed by combing the improved self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and a novel velocity synthesis approach. The goal is to control a team of AUVs to reach all appointed target locations for only one time on the premise of workload balance and energy sufficiency while guaranteeing the least total and individual consumption in the presence of the variable ocean current. First, the SOM neuron network is developed to assign a team of AUVs to achieve multiple target locations in 3-D ocean environment. The working process involves special definition of the initial neural weights of the SOM network, the rule to select the winner, the computation of the neighborhood function, and the method to update weights. Then, the velocity synthesis approach is applied to plan the shortest path for each AUV to visit the corresponding target in a dynamic environment subject to the ocean current being variable and targets being movable. Lastly, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulation results are given in this paper.
Enhanced Guided Bone Regeneration by Asymmetrically Porous PCL/Pluronic F127 Membrane and Ultrasound Stimulation (2012)

Recently, we developed a novel method for fabricating a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane with an asymmetrical pore structure and hydrophilicity by an immersion precipitation method. Results from an animal study, in a cranial defect model in rats, indicated that the unique asymmetrically porous GBR membrane would provide a good environment for bone regeneration. In the present study, we applied low intensity pulsed ultrasound as a simple and non-invasive stimulus to an asymmetrically porous polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 GBR membrane-implanted site transcutaneously in rats to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound to stimulate enhanced bone regeneration through the membrane. It was observed that the ultrasound-stimulated PCL/F127 GBR membrane group had much faster bone regeneration behavior than a PCL/F127 membrane group w/o ultrasound or a control group (w/o membrane and ultrasound). The greater bone regeneration behavior in the GBR membrane/ultrasound group may be caused by a synergistic effect of the asymmetrically porous PCL/F127 membrane with unique properties (selective permeability, hydrophilicity and osteoconductivity), and the stimulatory effect of ultrasound (induction of angiogenesis and osteogenesis of cells).
Mapping Uninterpreted Schemes into Entity-Relationship Diagrams: Two Applications to Conceptual Schema Design (1984)

A method of mapping sets of uninterpreted record or relation schemes into entity-relationship diagrams is described and then applied to two conceptual design problems. First, the method is applied to the design of relational databases. It is shown that the method can be interpreted as a normalization procedure that maps a given relational schema into a new schema that represents an entity-relationship diagram. That is, the original schema has an interpretation in terms of higher-order concepts, which helps in understanding the semantics of the database it describes. The second design problem is related to the conversion of conventional file systems to the database approach. The method is used in this context to obtain a database conceptual schema from the description of the conventional system, which is one of the fundamental steps of the conversion process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of ZSM‐20. Comparison of Properties with Zeolite Y. (1990)

Abstract Highly crystalline samples of ZSM‐20 are obtained by crystallization of a gel prepared by addition of tetraethylorthosilicate to a solution containing sodium aluminate and Et 4 NOH.
Dynamic of sugarcane harvested areas in São Paulo state, Brazil, over the last two decades. (2015)

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