gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High temperature outgassing tests on materials used in the DIII-D tokamak (2006)

This article is a continuation of previous work on determining the outgassing characteristics of materials used in the DIII-D magnetic fusion tokamak [K. L. Holtrop, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, 2064 (1999)]. Achievement of high performance plasma discharges in the DIII-D tokamak requires careful control of impurity levels. Among the techniques used to control impurities are routine bakes of the vacuum vessel to an average temperature of 350°C. Materials used in DIII-D must release only very small amounts of impurities (below 2×10−6mole) at this temperature that could be transferred to the first wall materials and later contaminate plasma discharges. To better study the behavior of materials proposed for use in DIII-D at elevated temperatures, the initial outgassing test chamber was improved to include an independent heating control of the sample and a simple load lock chamber. The goal was to determine not only the total degassing rate of the material during baking, but to also determine the gas species composition and to obtain a quantitative estimate of the degassing rate of each species by the use of a residual gas analyzer. Initial results for aluminum anodized using three different processes, stainless steel plated with black oxide and black chrome, and a commercially available fiber optic feedthrough will be presented.
Micromagnetic model analysis of various spin torque oscillators with write head for microwave-assisted magnetic recording (2017)

Stable oscillation is one of the most important factors for spin-torque oscillators (STO) used in microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) [1].
Fraktionierung von Milchproteinen mit Gradientenmembranen (2007)

centrated Powder Form) und das PGSS-Verfahren (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) knnen zur Pulverisierung flssiger viskoser Extrakte eingesetzt werden. In beiden Prozessen wird im Gegensatz zu
The Apolipoprotein M/S1P Axis Controls Triglyceride Metabolism and Brown Fat Activity (2018)

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is the carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in plasma high-density lipoproteins. S1P is a bioactive lipid interacting with five receptors (S1P<sub>1-5</sub>). We show that lack of apoM in mice increases the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT), accelerates the clearance of postprandial triglycerides, and protects against diet-induced obesity (i.e., a phenotype similar to that induced by cold exposure or β<sub>3</sub>-adrenergic stimulation). Moreover, the data suggest that the phenotype of apoM-deficient mice is S1P dependent and reflects diminished S1P<sub>1</sub> stimulation. The results reveal a link between the apoM/S1P axis and energy metabolism.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2012)

Because of its simplicity of use and quantitative results, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has become an indispensable tool for the study of surface reactivity. The fast expansion of the SECM field during the last several years has been fueled by the introduction of new probes, commercially available instrumentation, and new practical ap
Performance evaluation for distributed system components (2002)

The performance evaluation of hardware and software system components is based on statistics that are long views on the behavior of these components. Since system resources may have unexpected behavior, relevant current information becomes useful in the management process of these systems, especially for data gathering, reconfiguration, and fault detection activities. Actually, there are few criteria to property evaluate the current availability of component services within distributed systems. Hence, the management system can not realistically select the most suitable decision for configuration. In this paper, we present a proposal for a continuous evaluation of component behaviour related to state changes. This model is further extended by considering different categories of events concerning the degradation of the operational state or usage state. Our proposals are based on the possibility of computing at the component level, the current availability of this component by continuous evaluation. we introduce a several current availability features and propose formula to compute them. Other events concerning a managed object are classified as warning, critical or outstanding, which leads to a more accurate operational view on a component. Several counter-based events are thresholded to improve predictable reconfiguration decisions concerning the usability of a component. The main goal is to offer to the management system current relevant information which can be used within management policies the flexible polling frequency tuned with respect to the current evaluation, or particular aspects related to dynamic tests within distributed systems. Implementation issues with respect to the standard recommendations within distributed systems are presented. Finally we describe how the reconfiguration management systems can use these features in order to monitor, predict, improve the existing configuration, or accommodate the polling frequency according to several simple criteria.
Transmission Efficiency of Spread ALOHA System Using Unified Spread Spectrum Code (1994)

This paper considers the direct-spread ALOHA system using the same spread-spectrum code where the individual packet signals are separated using the time compression of the output signal from the matched filter in the demodulator. A method is shown to derive theoretically the transmission efficiency of the system and then the performance of the spread ALOHA system of the spread code length of seven chips is shown as an example. The transmission efficiency (channel traffic performance and the throughput) of the system is compared to that of the conventional slotted ALOHA system and discussed quantitatively. It is shown that the spread ALOHA system can realize a good performance with a low peak transmitted power.
Magneto-optical effect near theD1resonance of spin-polarized cold cesium atoms (2005)

We report our study of the magneto-optical effect in a strictly linear regime on spin-polarized cold cesium atoms. Due to the low intensity and the short illumination period of the probe beam, less than 7.5% of the sample atoms change their states by absorbing probe photons. We produce a medium of atoms at rest in either the $6{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=0$ or $6{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=3$ state by optically pumping atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. We use the $D1$ resonance with large lower and upper state hyperfine splittings as a probe transition to avoid hyperfine mixing from the Zeeman interaction. Under this idealized situation we measure the Stokes parameters in order to find the polarization rotation and circular dichroism experienced by the probe light. We find that there are qualitative differences between the results for the ${m}_{F}=0$ and ${m}_{F}=3$ cases. While dispersion and consequent Faraday rotation play a dominant role when the atoms are in the ${m}_{F}=0$ state, it is dissipation and circular dichroism that are important when they are in the ${m}_{F}=3$ state. Similarly, while the size of the Faraday rotation and the circular dichroism for the ${m}_{F}=0$ case scales linearly with the applied magnetic field, for the ${m}_{F}=3$ case it is the shift of the probe polarization change versus frequency that is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength.
Hyperpolarized Hadamard Spectroscopy Using Flow NMR (2013)

The emergence of the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) technique provides an important breakthrough to overcome inherent sensitivity limitations in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. In dissolution DNP, only a small amount of frozen sample is polarized, dissolved, and injected into an NMR spectrometer. Although substantially enhanced NMR signals can be obtained, the single scan nature of this technique a priori impedes the use of correlation experiments, which represent some of the most powerful applications of NMR spectroscopy. Here, an alternative method for multiscan spectroscopy from D-DNP samples utilizing a flow NMR probe is described. Multiple hyperpolarized segments of sample are sequentially injected using a purpose designed device. Hadamard spectroscopy can then be applied for obtaining chemical shift correlation information even from a small number of scans. This capability is demonstrated with a four-scan data set for obtaining the [(13)C,(1)H] correlations in the test molecule 1-butanol. Because of the effects of spin-lattice relaxation and concentration gradients in the D-DNP experiment, the subtractive process for Hadamard reconstruction requires an additional step of intensity scaling. For this purpose, a reconstruction procedure was developed that uses entropy maximization and is robust with respect to noise and signal overlap. In a broader sense, the multiscan NMR as described here is amenable to various correlation NMR experiments, and increases the versatility of D-DNP in small-molecule characterization.
Detection of Airborne Collision-Course Targets for Sense and Avoid on Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using Machine Vision Techniques (2016)

Detecting collision-course targets in aerial scenes from purely passive optical images is challenging for a vision-based sense-and-avoid (SAA) system. Proposed herein is a processing pipeline for detecting and evaluating collision course targets from airborne imagery using machine vision techniques. The evaluation of eight feature detectors and three spatio-temporal visual cues is presented. Performance metrics for comparing feature detectors include the percentage of detected targets (PDT), percentage of false positives (POT) and the range at earliest detection ([Formula: see text]). Contrast and motion-based visual cues are evaluated against standard models and expected spatio-temporal behavior. The analysis is conducted on a multi-year database of captured imagery from actual airborne collision course flights flown at the National Research Council of Canada. Datasets from two different intruder aircraft, a Bell 206 rotor-craft and a Harvard Mark IV trainer fixed-wing aircraft, were compared for accuracy and robustness. Results indicate that the features from accelerated segment test (FAST) feature detector shows the most promise as it maximizes the range at earliest detection and minimizes false positives. Temporal trends from visual cues analyzed on the same datasets are indicative of collision-course behavior. Robustness of the cues was established across collision geometry, intruder aircraft types, illumination conditions, seasonal environmental variations and scene clutter.
A Multi-Objective Genetic Approach for Optimal Control of Photo-Induced Processes (2007)

We have applied a multi-objective genetic algorithm to the optimization of multiphoton excited fluorescence. Our study indicates the consistent advantages this method can offer to experiments based on adaptive shaping of femtosecond pulses.
Neuropeptide innervation and neuroendocrine cells in allergic rhinitis and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis (1998)

VIP and SP may play an important neuroimmunological role in the pathogenesis of AR. VIP may lead to the hypertrophic changes of submucosal glands in the pathogenesis of CHR.
Evidence for Multiple Imino Intermediates and Identification of Reactive Nucleophiles in Peptide-Catalyzed β-Elimination at Abasic Sites (2002)

Prior investigations have demonstrated that peptides containing a single aromatic residue flanked by basic ones, such as Lys-Trp-Lys, can incise the phosphodiester backbone of duplex DNA at an AP site via beta-elimination. An amine serves as the reactive nucleophile to attack C1' on the ring-open deoxyribose sugar to form a transient peptide-DNA imino (Schiff base) intermediate, which may be isolated as a stable covalent species under reducing conditions. In the current study, we use this methodology to demonstrate that peptide-catalyzed beta-elimination proceeds via the formation of two Schiff base intermediates, one of which was covalently trapped prior to strand incision and the other following strand incision. N-Terminal acetylation of reactive peptides significantly inhibited formation of a trapped Schiff base complex; thus, we demonstrate for the first time that the preferred reactive nucleophile for peptides catalyzing strand incision is the N-terminal alpha-amino group, not an epsilon-amino group located on a lysine residue as previously postulated. Trapping reactions in which the central tryptophan residue was changed to alanine did not have a significant impact on the efficiency of Schiff base formation, indicating that the presence of an aromatic residue is dispensable for the step prior to peptide-catalyzed beta-elimination. Interestingly, the methodology presented here affords a convenient means for covalently attaching an array of peptides onto AP site-containing DNA in a site-specific fashion. We suggest that the generation of such DNA-peptide cross-links may provide utility in studying the repair of biologically significant DNA-protein cross-link damage as DNA-peptide complexes may mimic intermediate structures along a repair pathway for DNA-protein cross-links.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Reduction of the 2‐Carbonyl Group of the 6‐Hydroxypyrimido(2,1‐f)purine‐2,4,8(1H,3H,9H)‐trione System by Selected Metal Hydrides. A Novel Reduction of a Fused Xanthine Nucleus. (1988)

Abstract Treatment of the pyrimidopurinetrioneacetate (I) with lithium borohydride in refluxing dioxane leads to the formation of the hydroxyethyl derivative (II) and the monodeoxygenated analogue (III).
A distributed system of network-enabled microcontrollers for controlling and monitoring home devices (2004)

In this paper we describe a distributed home monitoring and control system using microcontrollers as device controllers. A host computer acts as a master and client manages the activities of the microcontrollers by instructing them to control their respective devices and collecting data from them. The host and microcontrollers communicate over a Local Area Network (LAN) via Network Interface Card (NICs). The devices can be regular house utilities or appliances. We borrow from the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) to design the command packets that are exchanged between the host and the microcontrollers. We present the architecture and design of the microcontroller's communication software and illustrate how it communicates by mean of commands and data to the host. We present performance results in terms of TCP packet round trip time and timing of UDP packet transmission.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Natural Killer Cells Efficiently Reject Lymphoma Silenced for the Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase Associated with Antigen Processing (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Natural Killer Cells Efficiently Reject Lymphoma Silenced for the Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase Associated with Antigen Processing
The Human Brain Distinguishes between Single Odorants and Binary Mixtures (2008)

Single odors are processed differently from odor mixtures in the cortex of rodents. We investigated whether single and binary odor mixtures activate different regions also in the human brain. We analyzed data from positron emission tomography scans using pyridine, citral, and 5 mixtures of pyridine and citral in proportions varying from 10/90 to 90/10, with 50/50 being the most impure. Comparing mixtures with single odorants gave activation in the left cingulate and right parietal and superior frontal cortices and bilateral activation in the anterior and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. We also found that brain activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) increased with odorant impurity, whereas the anterior OFC was activated for binary odor mixtures and deactivated for single components. We conclude that binary odor mixtures and their individual components are processed differently by the human brain. The lateral portion of the OFC responds to mixture impurity in a graded fashion, whereas the anterior portion acts like an on-off detector of odor mixtures.
SU‐FF‐T‐94: Analytical Calculations of Dosimetry Data for a 6‐MV Narrow Radiosurgery Beam with Cones (2006)

Purpose: To analytically derive narrow beam dosimetry data for a 6 MV radiosurgery beam with cones from broad beam measurements. Method and Materials: currently radiosurgery dosimetry calculation is commonly done using a radiosugery treatment planning system. Such a planning system is typically commissioned using output factors, TMR, and off‐axis ratio measured in water for narrow beams. The experimental measurements in water for small radiosurgery beams are difficult and with large uncertainty due to lack of lateral electronic equilibrium and finite detector size. In this work, an analytical model was used to calculate the cone factors, TMR, and off‐axis ratio (OAR) for various cone sizes for a 6 MV radiosurgery unit. The model is parameterized with the measured broad beam cax beam data where lateral dose equilibrium exists and accurate measurement can be performed without much of difficulties. The calculated results were benchmarked with the experimental measurements. The cone size ranged from 4 mm to 20 mm in diameter in this study. Results: Compared the calculated dosimetry data with those from measurements, the agreement for cone factor was within 1 %, and within 4 %for TMR beyond d max . The agreements for OAR are within typical experiment uncertainties. Conclusion: The analytical method described here can be used to calculate narrow cone beam dosimetry data in place of the arduous in‐water narrow beam measurements. Alternatively, it can be used to validate narrow beam dosimetry measurements if the direct measurements are prefered.
Platinum Nanoparticle Ensemble-on-Graphene Hybrid Nanosheet: One-Pot, Rapid Synthesis, and Used as New Electrode Material for Electrochemical Sensing (2010)

The development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has inspired scientists to continuously explore new electrode materials for constructing an enhanced electrochemical platform for sensing. In this article, we proposed a new Pt nanoparticle (NP) ensemble-on-graphene hybrid nanosheet (PNEGHNs), a new electrode material, which was rapidly prepared through a one-step microwave-assisted heating procedure. The advantages of PNEGHNs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (PNEGHNs/GCE) are illustrated from comparison with the graphenes (GNs) modified GCE for electrocatalytic and sensing applications. The electrocatalytic activities toward several organic and inorganic electroactive compounds at the PNEGHNs/GCE were investigated, all of which show a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative to GNs/GCE. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) were used as two representative analytes to demonstrate the sensing performance of PNEGHNs. It is found that PNEGHNs modified GCE shows a wide linear range and low detection limit for H2O2 and TNT detection. Therefore, PNEGHNs may be an attractive robust and advanced hybrid electrode material with great promise for electrochemical sensors and biosensors design.
Synthesis of (5R,10S,11R)-(+)-10,11-dihydro-5-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imin-11-ol: a hydroxylated metabolite of MK-0801 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (5R,10S,11R)-(+)-10,11-dihydro-5-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imin-11-ol: a hydroxylated metabolite of MK-0801Robert D. Larsen, Paul Davis, Edward G. Corley, Paul J. Reider, Theresa Rothauser Lamanec, and Edward J. J. GrabowskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 299–304Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (905 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Precision Localization of Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles by Dual‐Fluorescent Labeling for Accurate and High‐Resolution Imaging in Living Cells (2023)

In nanomedicine, lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) such as liposomes (LPs) have established an important position. Precise delineation of NP interaction with cells and detailed characterization of activity are becoming essential, which mainly rely on labeling with lipophilic fluorescent molecules and assuming stable association with NPs. However, because of label separation from NPs in (biological) media, or when processed by cells, fluorescence-based detection of an NP incorporating a single label may not necessarily indicate the actual presence of an NP but may be from the dissociated label, rendering results unreliable. Herein, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy are employed to demonstrate that to verify the localization of LPs in a cell with perfect accuracy, dual-labeling, and contemporaneous detection of both fluorescent signals in one pixel are required. This is combined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and mass spectrometry measurements to indicate factors involved in label dissociation, which helps to understand the possible conditions of dissociated label and NP. It is shown that determining label colocalization with, and label dissociation from, dual-labeled NPs are needed to provide accurate spatiotemporal insight into targeting destination (colocalized signals) and disintegration (separated signals) of NPs during intracellular processing and in studying payload delivery with precision in nanomedicine.
Polarized light scattering measurements as a means to characterize particle size and composition of natural assemblages of marine particles: publisher’s note (2020)

This publisher's note corrects an equation in Appl. Opt.59, 8314 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.396709.
Identification of Antigen-Specific B-Cell Receptor Sequences from the Total B-Cell Repertoire (2015)

Advances in next-generation sequencing now allow characterization of the global B-cell receptor (BCR) heavy-chain repertoire at a level that reflects its huge diversity. This technology has provided great insight into the structure of the BCR repertoire and how it responds to specific antigen stimuli. There are numerous potential clinical and research applications of BCR repertoire sequencing, but a major hurdle in the realization of these applications is the identification of the antigen-specific sequences of interest from within the total repertoire. To deconvolute the antigen-specific sequences from total repertoire, either a source of antigen-enriched sequence data is required with which to annotate the total repertoire, or de novo annotation methods must be used based on preconceptions of the features of antigen-specific sequences and their behavior following antigen-specific immune stimulation. We present a review of how these different methods can be applied to identify antigen-specific BCR sequences from the total BCR repertoire.