gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Triggered Association of Bovine Serum Albumin and Azobenzene-Modified Poly(acrylic acid) in Dilute and Semidilute Solutions (2005)

Reversible photoswitch of viscosity and photoresponsive binding of protein has been achieved in water solution of azobenzene-modified polyacrylate. We synthesized polymers with a few mol % hydrophobic side groups, including azobenzene groups with different spacers between the photochrome and the backbone. The binding of the protein (BSA) onto the polymers was investigated by capillary electrophoresis in dilute solution and rheology (viscosity, dynamic moduli, and stress relaxation) in semidilute solution of polymer. In the dilute regime, BSA/polymer complexes are formed in equilibrium with unbound BSA. Both the length of the hydrophobic spacer on the azobenzene side group and the presence of additional n-alkyl side groups significantly affect the affinity of BSA for the polymer. In the semidilute regime, viscosity enhancement by several decades is obtained upon addition of BSA in polymer solutions and ascribed to physical cross-linking involving BSA. In the two regimes, light was shown to modify the binding properties. Reversible release of BSA (by up to 80% of the protein) was obtained by exposure to UV. Reversible viscosity swings by up to 40-fold were cycled for hours by alternative exposure to UV/vis light. Light-induced cis−trans isomerization of the azobenzene together with low concentration of photochrome in the samples made it possible to obtain rapid responses (half-time ∼20 s) in solutions or in gels having thickness of the order of centimeters. An unprecedented degree of sensitivity is achieved thanks to the amplification provided by properties of optimal modified polymers. These properties are analyzed in term of the response of cross-links density, chain dynamics, and binding affinity.
Long‐term outcome of forearm flee‐flap phalloplasty in the treatment of transsexualism (2008)

Our study shows that phalloplasty with a forearm free-flap leads to good results in term of flap survival and patient satisfaction. However, there was a high rate of complications. Patients must be clearly informed that the procedure can seldom be achieved in one stage.
Synthese von Homoarginin und eines Homoarginyltetrapeptidamides (1975)

Abstract Eine vereinfachte Synthese von Homoarginin (Har) wird beschrieben. Diese Aminosäure wurde dazu verwendet, um das Peptid Har‐Gly‐Phe‐Phe‐NH 2 aufzubauen. Zu dieser Synthese wurde das Homoarginin in Form von Nα‐Boc‐N G ‐NO 2 ‐Har‐ONp eingesetzt. Mit diesen Schutzgruppen kann Homoarginin auch zur Synthese anderer Peptide verwendet werden. Die synthetisierte Sequenz ist homolog zu der biologisch aktiven Teilsequenz Arg ‐Gly‐Phe‐Phe (Position 22—25) der B‐Kette des Insulins.
Photodiodes Constructed by LB Films of Polyimides Possessing Triphenylamine Units (1993)

Abstract Diaminotriphenylamines 4 possessing four different substituents were newly synthesized, and introduced to polyamic acids 6 by the reaction with aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride 5. The LB films of polyimides 8having triphenylamine units were fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode via the LB films of long chain alkylamine salts of 6 to measure cyclic voltammograms. The methoxy substituted triphenylamine afforded the lowest redox potential, that suggested the highest electron density on the nitrogen atom of the triphenylamine. The photoconductive devices (photodiodes) were constructed by the deposition of polyimides which possessed different chemical structure, i.e., triphenylamines as an electron donor (D), tetraphenylporphyrin as a sensitizer (S), and aromatic polyimide as an electron acceptor (A), giving polyimide LB multilayer films. Two types of photodiodes having E/D/S/A and E/A/S/D were prepared on the semitransparent gold electrodes (E). When the methoxy substituted triphenylamine was used as D layer, the highest photocurrent of 3 μA/cm2 was obtained. The order of magnitude of photocurrent was in good agreement with the results of cyclic voltammometry. The dependence of numbers of D, S, and A layers on the photocurrent was examined by changing the number of each layer. It was found that the triphenylamine units had excellent electron donating ability and hole mobility, whereas the S and A layers did not transfer electron effectively.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sports Activity in Middle Age” (2015)

We appreciate the interest that Mansencal and colleagues have taken in our paper. They pose the question that based on variation in the dynamic and static component of the individual sport, could specific activities pose a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)? Due to several reasons, this important question may be quite difficult to address. Importantly, the relative distribution of different sports associated with SCA is first and foremost a reflection of the frequency of participation in that sport in the population. Therefore, the popularity of the sport will determine the level of participation, and potentially drive the level of association to SCA. There are limited data suggesting that even after taking frequency of participation into account (looking at incidence per million of specific sports participants), some sports, such as cycling, may be associated with a higher risk of SCA. 2,3 Another recent report in younger subjects indicated that certain sports, especially basketball, may be associated with higher risk of an SCA event. From a practical standpoint we propose that a number of strenuous endurance sports can likely be considered roughly equivalent with respect to risk and benefit. These include, but are not limited to, running, soccer (football), cycling, tennis, swimming, cross country skiing, squash, ice and field hockey, basketball, and rugby. Another confounding factor especially in the context of the general population, is the variable level of risk of the individual participant. Less strenuous sports such as bowling and golf may be less hazardous but the number of high-risk participants may also be greater. The extent to which SCA risk is related to the specifics of the sporting activity versus the characteristics of the participants, is a subject that clearly requires further investigation.
Correlation of Transmissive Fractures in Pilot Holes ONK-PH8 - PH12 and Fracture Traces Mapped in ONKALO (2014)

In a preceding study Posiva flow logging (PFL) with a 0.5 m test interval and 0.1 m steps has been used together with optical drillhole images and core logging fracture data for the exact determination of the depth of hydraulically conductive fractures in pilot holes. The fracture traces have been mapped from the ONKALO tunnel walls as a part of the systematic mapping. The mapping results has been digitized to a 3D tunnel layout in Surpac® programme. The data integrity and fracture trace uniqueness has been verified by Datactica Oy and further collected to a database (Rakokanta_Datactica_Posiva_20100607.mdb). Fractures mapped with leakage attribute have been defined as flowing, dripping, wet, or damp where the attribute is recorded. The fractures with no leakage attribute value appear to be non leaking. The water leaking surfaces on the ONKALO tunnel walls have been mapped sequentially and conclusively (once or twice a year) as a part of the Olkiluoto monitoring program (OMO) using an equal five step measure as used with fracture traces in systematic mapping. The PFL results correlated with core logging fracture data from the pilot holes ONKPH8–ONK-PH12 were in this work further correlated with the fractures mapped from the ONKALO tunnel walls. Each hydraulically conductive fracture of ONK-PH8–ONKPH12 was investigated and linked to ONKALO fracture of a coherent orientation and matching location, where such fracture trace was available. Also tunnel crosscutting fracture (TCF) data was used in combining, since the systematic mapping data was not yet available for the pilot holes ONK-PH11 and ONK-PH12 at the time of the evaluation. The main objective of the work was to identify the ONKALO fractures which correspond to the flow from fracture(s) identified with the PFL method in pilot holes and to collect basic information about the occurrence, frequency and orientation of water bearing fractures along the ONKALO tunnel. The correlated hydraulically conductive fractures from the pilot holes ONK-PH8–ONKPH12 were imported as circle polygon objects to a 3D AutoCAD model. The mapped and verified 13 247 ONKALO fracture traces were divided to 3 subsets according to their length: (6 fracture traces in FDB (Fracture Database) were lacking the length attribute) 433 long fractures (length equal or greater than 10 m), 1 288 medium length fractures (length less than 10 m but equal or greater than 3.5 m) and 11 520 short fracture traces (length less than 3.5 m) and then imported to 3D model to be linked to hydraulically conductive fractures of pilot holes. The combining was carried out by investigating the location and orientation of each suspected pair of a polygon (PFL fracture) and a polyline in the 3D AutoCAD model. Additionally leakage attribute of each ONKALO fracture trace was considered as an conductivity indicator and the fracture traces bearing leakage classification were combined with the PFL fractures.
Efficient numerical stability analysis of detonation waves in ZND (2012)

As described in the classic works of LeeâStewart and ShortâStewart, the numerical evaluation of linear stability of planar detonation waves is a computationally intensive problem of considerable interest in applications. Reexamining this problem from a modern numerical Evans function point of view, we derive a new algorithm for their stability analysis, related to a much older method of Erpenbeck, that, while equally simple and easy to implement as the standard method introduced by LeeâStewart, appears to be potentially faster and more stable.
Steel Mill Dust Recycling in the 21st Century (2015)

The work discusses the current status of steel mill dust recycling and tries to give an outlook to the upcoming two decades. Due to the fact that after 25 years intensive research and development -up to the industrial scale -in this field, the Waelz technology is more dominant than ever, this option is evaluated in detail. However, there are interesting movements within the Waelz kiln process, e.g. the combination with Solvent Extraction and winning electrolysis, which is already implemented partly. This approach makes the Waelz kiln a competitor to the primary metallurgical industry producing high grade zinc from the Waelz oxide. Especially if primary operations are not available any longer in parallel, where the dusts could be used as ore substitute. Another important development is the utilization of the slag which would turn the Waelz technology more into a zero waste solution. The paper also includes an outlook concerning the future role of low zinc containing steel mill dusts from the BOF as well as an overview about the world-wide generation of steel mill dust and possible future solutions.
Reducing clozapine-related morbidity and mortality: 5 years of experience with the Clozaril National Registry. (1998)

The CNR provides for universal rechallenge protection as well as controlled dispensing of clozapine. It also serves as an early warning system to promote the safe and effective use of clozapine. The CNR includes quality assurance mechanisms designed to enhance compliance. Despite the added logistic requirements this system places upon physician, pharmacist, and manufacturer, the CNR has helped to reduce substantially potential fatal outcomes. The CNR reinforces both patient and treatment system compliance. Based on this favorable experience concerning agranulocytosis and associated fatalities, the Neuropsychopharmacology Advisory Committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has unanimously recommended a reduction in frequency of the white blood cell count testing requirement after 6 months to every 14 days, instead of weekly. Finally, the CNR database containing white blood cell count and demographic data on every patient in the United States who has received the medicine has served as a unique epidemiologic database.
Guanylin mRNA expression in human intestine and colorectal adenocarcinoma. (1998)

Guanylin is a mammalian peptide ligand that binds to the enterocyte receptor guanylyl cyclase C and mediates Cl- and HCO3- efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. To identify the regional localization of guanylin mRNA in the human intestine, we performed in situ hybridization using a guanylin-specific riboprobe. The pattern of guanylin mRNA distribution is complex and includes all epithelial lineages at various points along the duodenal-to-colonic axis. Guanylin mRNA expression is most prominent in the distal small intestine and colon. In the normal colon, guanylin mRNA is robustly expressed in superficial epithelial cells; in colorectal adenocarcinoma, however, guanylin mRNA expression is absent. Guanylin mRNA is detectable in several intestinal tumor cell lines, although at much lower levels than those seen in the human intestine. The pattern of guanylin expression is consistent with the possibility of region-specific functions for guanylin within the human intestine. Furthermore, the diminished expression of guanylin mRNA in adenocarcinoma of the colon and in colon cancer cell lines, along with the chromosomal localization of guanylin to the tumor modifier region 1p34-35, raises the possibility that loss of guanylin activity leads to or is a result of adenocarcinoma formation.
Retardation of O diffusion through polycrystalline Pt by Be doping (1999)

A serious problem preventing the use of high dielectric oxide materials (e.g., barium-strontium-titanate) for capacitors as part of future dynamic random access memory is the oxidation of or the O diffusion through the electrodes. Platinum electrodes do not oxidize, but they allow for rapid O diffusion through the Pt film while the dielectric is deposited and annealed. This causes unwanted oxidation below the Pt film. Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we first determine the O diffusion mechanism in polycrystalline Pt. We find that O diffuses as interstitial O along the grain boundary (GB) that we study. The calculated barrier is compatible with the experimental estimate. We screen nine elements for their potential to retard O diffusion if added to the Pt in small amounts. Beryllium is the most promising candidate. Be segregates to Pt GB's at interstitial and substitutional sites. As GB interstitial Be diffuses at a rate comparable to that of O and it repels O. This leads to a stuffing of the GB. As substitutionally absorbed Be, Be has a high diffusion barrier, and it forms strong bonds to O. Thus O is trapped in the GB. Preliminary experimental results confirm our theoretical predictions.
Cyclobutenes by Platinum-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of Enynes (2005)

1,6-Enynes bearing (electron-rich) aryl substituents on their alkyne moiety rearrange to cyclobutene derivatives in the presence of catalytic amounts of PtCl2 in toluene. The reaction is significantly accelerated when performed under an atmosphere of CO (1 atm), most likely by increasing the electrophilicity of the metal template by temporary coordination to this pi-acidic ligand. This transformation allows the build up of considerable strain in the products as witnessed by the productive formation of tricyclic skeletons, such as 7 or 9. Moreover, these products provide evidence for the mechanistic scenario of platinum-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions previously proposed, which are thought to proceed via organo-platinum species that mimic the reactivity of metal-complexed "nonclassical" carbocations.
Comparison of Peak Armature and Field Winding Currents for Different Topologies of 10-MW Superconducting Generators Under Short-Circuit Conditions (2016)

This paper studies the peak armature and peak field winding currents for three different topologies of 10 MW partial high temperature superconducting generators (HTSGs) under short-circuit conditions (SCC) by simulation. The investigated partial HTSGs employ copper armature windings and superconducting field windings with different armature and rotor topologies, i.e., iron-cored armature and rotor, air-cored armature and rotor, and iron-cored armature and air-cored rotor. For each HTSG topology, the investigation includes: 1) the field winding current control strategies; 2) the influence of operating field current; and 3) the ratings of circuit breakers for limiting the peak armature and peak field winding currents. The results can provide guidelines for determining the peak armature and peak field currents of HTSGs and also the possibility of limiting them by employing circuit breakers under SCC.
Insulator passivation of In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As-GaAs surface quantum wells (1998)

The electronic passivation of (100) In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As-GaAs surface quantum wells (QWs) using in situ deposition of an amorphous, insulating Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ film has been investigated and compared to standard Al/sub 0.45/Ga/sub 0.55/As passivation. Nonradiative lifetimes /spl tau//sub r/=1.1/spl plusmn/0.2 and 1.2/spl plusmn/0.2 ns have been inferred from the dependence of the internal quantum efficiency /spl eta/ on optical excitation density P/sub 0/' for the Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Al/sub 0.45/Ga/sub 0.55/As passivated In/sub 0.02/Ga/sub 0.8/As-GaAs surface QW, respectively. Beyond identical internal quantum efficiency, the amorphous Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ insulator passivation simplifies device processing, eludes problems arising from lattice-mismatched interfaces, and virtually eliminates band bending in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on a low dimensional system such as quantum wells, wires, and dots.
Temporal-Spatial Request Aggregation for Cache-Enabled Wireless Multicasting Networks (2017)

Existing multicasting schemes for massive content delivery do not fully utilize multicasting opportunities in elastic content-oriented services. In this paper, we propose a novel temporal-spatial request aggregation-based multicasting scheme in a large-scale cache-enabled wireless network, which can effectively exploit multicasting opportunities in asynchronous file requests for elastic services to improve spectral efficiency. Utilizing tools from stochastic geometry, we derive tractable expressions for the successful transmission probability. The analytical results show that the successful transmission probability increases and the energy consumption decreases, at the cost of delay increase, in the large and small user density regions. Based on the analytical results, we further optimize the successful transmission probability with respect to the caching probability and BS on/off period. We obtain closed-form solutions in the two asymptotic regions. Finally, we characterize the temporal and spatial request aggregation gains in the two asymptotic regions, and reveal the impacts of the popularity profile on them.
VELOPHARYNGEAL ORIFICE SIZE AND UPPER PHARYNGEAL PRESSURE-FLOW PATTERNS IN NORMAL SPEECH (1964)

†Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Dietary Supplementation With ω6 LC-PUFA-Rich Algae Modulates Zebrafish Immune Function and Improves Resistance to Streptococcal Infection (2018)

Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4<i>n</i>-6) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3<i>n</i>-6) are omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), which are key precursors for lipid mediators of the immune system and inflammatory response. The microalga <i>Lobosphaera incisa</i> (WT) and its Δ5-desaturase mutant P127 (MUT) are unique photosynthetic sources for ARA and DGLA, respectively. This study explores the effect of dietary supplementation with <i>L. incisa</i> and P127 biomass on tissue fatty acid composition, immune function, and disease resistance in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). The broken microalgal biomass was added to commercial fish feed at 7.5 and 15% (w/w), providing 21.8 mg/g feed ARA for the WT-supplemented group and 13.6 mg/g feed DGLA for the MUT-supplemented group at the 15% inclusion levels. An unsupplemented group was used as the control. After 1 month of feeding, fish were challenged with <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>. Fish were sampled before the challenge and 1 week after the challenge for various analyses. Tissue ARA and DGLA levels significantly increased in the liver, corresponding to microalgal supplementation levels. The elevated expression of specific immune-related genes was evident in the kidneys in all treatment groups after 1 month of feeding, including genes related to eicosanoid synthesis, lysozyme, and NF-κB. In the liver, microalgal supplementation led to the upregulation of genes related to immune function and antioxidant defense while the expression of examined genes involved in ARA metabolism was downregulated. Importantly, fish fed with 15% of both WT- and MUT-supplemented feed showed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher survival percentages (78 and 68%, respectively, as compared to only 46% in the control group). The elevated expression of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses was evident post-challenge. Collectively, the results of the current study demonstrate the potential of microalgae-derived dietary ARA and DGLA in improving immune competence and resistance to bacterial infection in zebrafish as a model organism.
The CERAD Neuropsychologic Battery Total Score and the Progression of Alzheimer Disease (2010)

Results support the utility of the CERAD Total Score as a measure of AD progression and provide comparative data for annualized change in CERAD Total Score and other summary measures.
Special Issue-Dynamics of Molecular Crystals. Dynamic Aspects of Molecular Crystals Studied by Vibrational Spectroscopy. (1995)

Vibrational spectra of molecular crystals offer valuable information on a crystal structure and intermolecular interactions. Several typical examples including our recent results of the humidity-induced phase transition of nucleotides and guanosine are reviewed.
Vaccinia virus immune evasion: mechanisms, virulence and immunogenicity (2013)

Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In response, viruses have evolved many countermeasures that enable them to replicate and be transmitted to new hosts, despite the host innate immune response. Poxviruses, such as vaccinia virus (VACV), have large DNA genomes and encode many proteins that are dedicated to host immune evasion. Some of these proteins are secreted from the infected cell, where they bind and neutralize complement factors, interferons, cytokines and chemokines. Other VACV proteins function inside cells to inhibit apoptosis or signalling pathways that lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, these VACV immunomodulatory proteins are described and the potential to create more immunogenic VACV strains by manipulation of the gene encoding these proteins is discussed.