gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Adaptive Distributed Cooperative Relaying MAC Protocol for Vehicular Networks (2011)

Explosive growth in Information Technology has enabled many innovative application areas such as large-scale outdoor vehicular networks for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. By providing time-sensitive and location-aware information, vehicular networks can contribute to a safer and more efficient driving experience. However, the performance of vehicular networks requires robust and real-time data communications and is impacted by high mobility, intermittent connectivity, and unreliability of the wireless channel. In this paper, a novel adaptive distributed cooperative medium access control (ADC-MAC) protocol is proposed in order to address the inherent problems in the IEEE 802.11 standard when employed in vehicular networks. ADC-MAC exploits spatial diversities to maximize the system throughput as well as the service range of vehicular networks. This is accomplished through adaptively selecting the most suitable helper and transmission mode for transmit/receive pairs among direct transmission (DT), cooperative relay (CR) transmission and two-hop relay (TR) transmission, in accordance with the channel quality and the positioning of relay nodes. Both our Markov Chain modeling based theoretical analysis and ns-2 simulation experiments show that our ADC-MAC protocol outperforms existing schemes under the same network scenarios and maximizes the achieved system throughput and service distance.
Aluminum Compounds, Organic (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Alkylaluminums and Derivatives 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.2.1. Reactions with Olefins 2.2.2. Reactions with Oxygen 2.2.3. Reactions with Metal Compounds 2.2.4. Reactions with Proton‐Donating Materials 2.2.5. Alkylaluminums in Organic Synthesis 2.3. Production of Trialkylaluminums and Alkylaluminum Chlorides 2.3.1. Hydroalumination to Produce Trialkylaluminums 2.3.2. Reaction of Aluminum With Alkyl Halides to Make Alkylaluminum Sesquichlorides 2.3.3. Reduction of Alkylaluminum Sesquichlorides to Make Trialkylaluminums 2.3.4. Reaction of Acids With Trialkylaluminums to Produce Alkylaluminum Chlorides 2.3.5. Reproportionation Reactions 2.3.6. Olefin Elimination and Displacement Reactions 2.3.7. Other Organoaluminum Conversions 2.4. Uses of Alkylaluminum Compounds 2.4.1. Stoichiometric Applications 2.4.2. Catalytic Applications 2.5. Quality Specifications 3. Aluminoxanes 3.1. Production 3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 3.3. Uses 3.3.1. Mechanism of Polymerization Using Aluminoxanes 3.3.2. Production of Stereoregular Polymers using Aluminoxanes 3.3.3. Polymers Produced by Aluminoxanes 3.4. Analysis and Quality Specifications 4. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 5. Waste Disposal and Environmental Protection 6. Economic Aspects 7. Toxicology and Occupational Health 8. Acknowledgments
<title>Toolkit for parallel image processing</title> (1998)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a parallel image processing software library (the Parallel Image Processing Toolkit). The Toolkit not only supplies a rich set of image processing routines, it is designed principally as an extensible framework containing generalized parallel computational kernels to support image processing. Users can easily add their own image processing routines without knowledge or explicit use of the underlying data distribution mechanisms or parallel computing model. Shared memory and multi-level memory hierarchies are exploited to achieve high performance on each node, thereby minimizing overall parallel execution time. Multiple load balancing schemes have been implemented within the parallel framework that transparently distribute the computational load evenly on a distributed memory computing environment. Inside the Toolkit, a message-passing model of parallelism is designed around the Message Passing Interface standard. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the parallel speedup obtained with the Parallel Image Processing Toolkit in a typical workstation cluster with some common image processing tasks.
Plasma achiral and chiral pharmacokinetic behaviour of intravenous oxfendazole co‐administered with piperonyl butoxide in sheep (2002)

Co-administration of piperonyl butoxide (PB) potentiates fenbendazole (FBZ) in small ruminants. The resultant increase in bioavailability of FBZ and its metabolite oxfendazole (OFZ) has important implications for the efficacy of these drugs against benzimidazole (BZD)-resistant strains of Teladorsagia circumcincta. This study evaluated the racemic (achiral) and enantiomeric (chiral) plasma disposition kinetics of OFZ and its metabolites after the co-administration of PB and OFZ in sheep. Six 6-8-month-old, parasite-free, female Dorset sheep (30-40 kg) were used in a two-phase crossover experiment. In phase I, three sheep received 30 mg/kg PB orally, followed by a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of OFZ at 5 mg/kg. The other three animals were treated similarly except that 5 mL of water replaced PB. In phase 2, treatments for the two groups were reversed and were given 14 days after the initiation of phase I. Three analytes OFZ, FBZ and fenbendazole sulphone (FBZSO(2)) were recovered in plasma up to 48 h post-treatment in both experimental groups. Achiral and chiral pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles for OFZ, after the co-administration of PB, were characterized by a significantly greater area under the concentration--time curve (AUC) and a longer mean residence time (MRT). Chiral OFZ distribution ratios were comparable in both treatment groups. Piperonyl butoxide treatment markedly influenced the plasma PK profiles for FBZ and FBZSO(2) following OFZ administration. Production of FBZ was enhanced as reflected by increased (> 60%) AUC, delayed T(max) and a significantly delayed (> 45%) elimination (t(1/2)(el)). Although AUC values for FBZSO(2) were not significantly different between groups, this metabolite was depleted more slowly from plasma (t(1/2)(el) > 60% and MRT > 42%) following PB treatment. This study demonstrated that PB co-administration is associated with an inhibition of OFZ biotransformation, as evidenced by the significantly higher plasma concentrations of OFZ and FBZ, and this could have important implications in terms of anti-parasite therapy against BZD-resistant parasite strains.
Functional Complementation ofDrosophila itprMutants by RatItpr1 (2012)

The Drosophila inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) and mammalian type-1 IP(3)Rs have 57-60% sequence similarity and share major domain homology with each other. Mutants in the single Drosophila IP(3)R gene, itpr, and Itpr1 knockout mice both exhibit lethality and defects in motor coordination. Here the authors show that the rat type-1 IP(3)R, which is the major neuronal isoform, when expressed in the pan-neuronal domain in Drosophila, functionally complements Drosophila IP(3)R function at cellular and systemic levels. It rescues the established neuronal phenotypes of itpr mutants in Drosophila, including wing posture, flight, electrophysiological correlates of flight maintenance, and intracellular calcium dynamics. This is the first in vivo demonstration of functional homology between a mammalian and fly IP(3)R. This study also paves the way for cellular and molecular analyses of the spinocerebellar ataxias in Drosophila, since SCA15/16 is known to be caused by heterozygosity of human ITPR1.
El giro hermenéutico contemporáneo: lectura de tendencias (2006)

espanolEl presente articulo ofrece un panorama abarcador sobre las tendencias actuales en hermeneutica. El autor estructura su analisis a partir de una serie de giros: filosofico (del objetivismo al existencialismo), literario, multidisciplinario. Ofrece una propuesta de una hermeneutica biblica analogica acorde a la realidad posmoderna latinoamericana. EnglishThis article offers a global view of current tendencies related to hermeneutics. The author begins the study from a series of points: philosophical (from objectivism to existentialism), narrative, multidisciplinary. It is offered a proposal as of the analogical biblical hermeneutics in accordance with Latin-American postmodern reality.
The mechanics of adhesion of viscoelastic solids (1981)

Abstract The experimental study of adhesion between common solids is bedevilled by the fad that, with exception of cleaved mica, inevitable roughness of the surfaces is greater than the range of surface forces. A new situation arose with the technique of casting low-modulus rubber with an optically smooth surface. When placed in contact with each other, or with a smooth hard surface like plate glass, such specimens are sufficiently compliant to make intimate contact throughout the whole of their apparent contact area. High adhesion is then observed; in fact the measured force required to separate the surfaces is generally greatly in excess of that which would be expected from the action of surface forces alone. The measured force of adhesion is found to depend on the rate of separation and to correlate with the viscoelastic properties of the rubber. The present state of knowledge of this phenomenon is reviewed and the mechanics of the process whereby the viscoelastic properties of the solids amplify their true surface energy is explained.
Efficient Epoxidation of Electron‐Deficient Olefins with a Cationic Manganese Complex. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scene Characterization using subaperture polarimetric sar data (2003)

International audience
Performance demonstration of a fast-tunable transmitter and burst-mode packet receiver for HORNET (2002)

We demonstrate error-free packet-over-WDM transmission using a fast-tunable transmitter and novel packet receiver. The transmitter tunes fine (0.8 nm) and. wide (/spl sim/30 nm) within 15 ns, while the receiver receives unframed packets by bit-synchronizing in 40 ns.
Internal Growth of Nonsolid Lung Nodules: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation (2012)

The proportion of soft tissue within a nonsolid nodule is correlated with attenuation at CT. This allows for measurement of change within the nodule. An increase of 100 HU in nodule attenuation represents an approximately 10% increase in tumor volume.
10W single-mode PM optical amplifiers in the 1.5 μm for space applications (2019)

MPB is developing space qualified 10 W End Of Life (EOL) optical amplifiers for longer range applications. Their design employs Polarization Maintaining (PM) Erbium and Erbium-Ytterbium Double Clad Fiber (EDF, EYDF) singlemode fibers. Absorption losses of the EDF and EYDF due to radiation in space are the major challenge to overcome. The gamma radiation tests show that the PM fibers have a greater sensitivity than standard fibers. However, in many applications, PM amplifiers show greater performances which is important for the power consumption.
Electrically pumped shot-noise limited class A VECSEL at telecom wavelength (2021)

Class A shot-noise limited operation is achieved in an electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL), opening the way for integration of such peculiar noiseless laser oscillation in applications where low power consumption and footprint are mandatory. The quantum well active medium is grown on an InP substrate to enable laser oscillation at telecom wavelengths. Single frequency class A operation is obtained by proper optimization of the cavity dimensions, ensuring at the same time a sufficiently long and high-finesse cavity without any intracavity filtering components. The laser design constraints due to electrical pumping are discussed as compared to optical pumping. The intensity noise spectrum of this laser is shown to be shot-noise limited, leading to a relative intensity noise of $-160\;{\rm dB/Hz}$ for 3.1 mA detected photocurrent.
Mechanics of Copper Wire Bond Failure due to Thermal Fatigue (2018)

Thermal stresses occur on wire Bonds due to mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between wire and mold compound in addition to the global deformation of the package. This leads to different failure modes (different location of crack in wire bond) based on material and geometrical characteristics of package, ultimately leading to an open circuit. Such failures have been observed and reported widely in literature in the ball bond interface, ball neck region, mid span of wire and at stitch bond; however, little is known about the kind of damage that occurs at these critical regions due to material and geometrical differences in package and wire. Furthermore, different phases of m inter metallic compounds (IMCs) and its thickness that form at the wire bond-bond pad interface alters stress conditions on the wire bond. First part of this study presents a review of existing models to obtain stress in wire Bonds and results of finite element stress analyses from literature. Second part of the work focuses on studying three factors, namely, package type, mold compound material and interfacial changes in wire bond, for understanding types of deformations and stresses that develop on the wire bond. This analysis is aimed at providing vital information about package and materials to aid in optimizing design for extended reliability of wire Bonds.
Development Of Blower For Air Management System Of Fuel Cell Modules (2007)

This study presents a blower for air management system of fuel cell modules. A blower is composed of BLDC motor and impeller. Magnetic equivalent circuit model and finite element analysis are used to design the motor, and an improved structure is considered to reduce a mechanical loss induced from bearing units. Finally, air blower system combined with the motor and an impeller is manufactured and output properties, such as an air pressure and an amount of flowing air, are measured. Through the experimental results, a validity of the simulated one is confirmed.
The phosphotriesterase geneopdAinAgrobacterium radiobacterP230 is transposable (2003)

We report a transposase gene (tnpA) upstream of the opdA phosphotriesterase gene of Agrobacterium radiobacter P230, as well as inverted repeats indicative of insertion sequences, flanking the two genes. Both the tnpA gene and the inverted repeats resemble the Tn610 transposon from Mycobacterium fortuitum. Two additional putative open reading frames separate opdA and tnpA with inferred translation products with similarity to two proteins encoded on the Geobacillus stearothermophilus IS5376 transposon. To test the proposition that these genes were contained on a transposon, an artificial composite transposon was constructed. This artificial transposon was then delivered into Escherichia coli DH10beta cells. Transposition was demonstrated by the presence of opdA on the E. coli chromosome and confirmation of insertion by inverse polymerase chain reaction. The data presented suggest a possible role of transposition in the distribution of the opd/opdA genes across a wide range of soil bacteria.
Practical partial evaluation for high-performance dynamic language runtimes (2017)

Most high-performance dynamic language virtual machines duplicate language semantics in the interpreter, compiler, and runtime system. This violates the principle to not repeat yourself. In contrast, we define languages solely by writing an interpreter. The interpreter performs specializations, e.g., augments the interpreted program with type information and profiling information. Compiled code is derived automatically using partial evaluation while incorporating these specializations. This makes partial evaluation practical in the context of dynamic languages: It reduces the size of the compiled code while still compiling all parts of an operation that are relevant for a particular program. When a speculation fails, execution transfers back to the interpreter, the program re-specializes in the interpreter, and later partial evaluation again transforms the new state of the interpreter to compiled code. We evaluate our approach by comparing our implementations of JavaScript, Ruby, and R with best-in-class specialized production implementations. Our general-purpose compilation system is competitive with production systems even when they have been heavily optimized for the one language they support. For our set of benchmarks, our speedup relative to the V8 JavaScript VM is 0.83x, relative to JRuby is 3.8x, and relative to GNU R is 5x.
The Marginal Sinus Normal Anatomy and Involvement with Arteriovenous Fistulae (1996)

The marginal sinus is a dural venous sinus that can rarely be involved with a dural AVF. Recognition that a dural AVF involves the marginal sinus can facilitate safe, effective therapy.
Run-time probabilistic detection of miscalibrated thermal sensors in many-core systems (2013)

Many-core architectures use large numbers of small temperature sensors to detect thermal gradients and guide thermal management schemes. In this paper a technique to identify thermal sensors which are operating outside a required accuracy is described. Unlike previous on-chip temperature estimation approaches, our algorithms are optimized to run on-line while thermal management decisions are being made. The accuracy of a sensor is determined by comparing its readings to expected values from a probability distribution function determined from surrounding sensors. Experiments show that a sensor operating outside a desired accuracy can be identified with a detection rate of over 90% and an average false alarm rate of < 6%, with a confidence level of 90%. The run time of our method is shown to be around 3× lower than a recently-published temperature estimation method, enhancing its suitability for run-time implementation.
Mixed Competitive and Allosteric Antagonism by Gallamine of Muscarinic Receptor‐Mediated Second Messenger Responses in N1E‐115 Neuroblastoma Cells (1989)

The antagonistic effects of gallamine on muscarinic receptor-linked responses were investigated in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. M1 muscarinic receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by carbamylcholine was antagonized by gallamine, with a Ki value of 33 microM. By comparison, gallamine was four- to fivefold less potent in blocking noncardiac M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP formation, with a Ki value of 144 microM. The resulting Arunlakshana-Schild plots of the antagonism of both responses by gallamine were linear and exhibited slopes not differing from 1, a result indicative of a competitive mechanism. To elucidate further the nature of gallamine's inhibitory actions, experiments were performed where the effects of gallamine in combination with the known competitive muscarinic antagonist, N-methylscopolamine (NMS), were studied. In the presence of both antagonists, a supraadditive shift in the carbamylcholine dose-response curve was demonstrated for the two responses, a result suggestive of an allosteric mode of interaction between gallamine and NMS binding sites. Confirmation that gallamine allosterically modifies the muscarinic receptor was provided by radioligand binding studies. Gallamine competition curves with either [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine methyl chloride ([3H]NMS) or [N-methyl-3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate methyl chloride ([3H]NMeQNB) were unusually shallow. Furthermore, gallamine decelerated the rate of dissociation of receptor-bound [3H]NMS greater than [3H]NMeQNB in a dose-dependent manner. The present study demonstrates that whereas gallamine antagonizes carbamylcholine-mediated responses in N1E-115 cells in a competitive manner, an allosteric component of its action is revealed in the presence of muscarinic antagonists such as NMS.
Fully automated fast-flow synthesis of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (2021)

Rapid development of antisense therapies can enable on-demand responses to new viral pathogens and make personalized medicine for genetic diseases practical. Antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are promising candidates to fill such a role, but their challenging synthesis limits their widespread application. To rapidly prototype potential PMO drug candidates, we report a fully automated flow-based oligonucleotide synthesizer. Our optimized synthesis platform reduces coupling times by up to 22-fold compared to previously reported methods. We demonstrate the power of our automated technology with the synthesis of milligram quantities of three candidate therapeutic PMO sequences for an unserved class of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To further test our platform, we synthesize a PMO that targets the genomic mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate its antiviral effects. This platform could find broad application not only in designing new SARS-CoV-2 and DMD antisense therapeutics, but also for rapid development of PMO candidates to treat new and emerging diseases.
SOME UREAS AND THIOUREAS DERIVED FROM VANILLYLAMINE. RELATIONS BETWEEN CONSTITUTION AND TASTE OF PUNGENT PRINCIPLES (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME UREAS AND THIOUREAS DERIVED FROM VANILLYLAMINE. RELATIONS BETWEEN CONSTITUTION AND TASTE OF PUNGENT PRINCIPLESN. A. Lange, H. L. Ebert, and L. K. YouseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 6, 1911–1914Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01381a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01381a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Humanized Mice for the Study of Type 1 Diabetes and Beta Cell Function (2008)

Our understanding of the basic biology of diabetes has been guided by observations made using animal models, particularly rodents. However, humans are not mice, and outcomes predicted by murine studies are not always representative of actual outcomes in the clinic. In particular, investigators studying diabetes have relied heavily on mouse and rat models of autoimmune type 1-like diabetes, and experimental results using these models have not been representative of many of the clinical trials in type 1 diabetes. In this article, we describe the availability of new models of humanized mice for the study of three areas of diabetes. These include the use of humanized mice for the study of (1) human islet stem and progenitor cells, (2) human islet allograft rejection, and (3) human immunity and autoimmunity. These humanized mouse models provide an important preclinical bridge between in vitro studies and rodent models and the translation of discoveries in these model systems to the clinic.
Facile Synthesis of 5-Substituted 2-Acetylthiophenes (1992)

5-Substituted 2-(α-alkoxyimino)ethylthiophenes 4-8 are obtained by the reaction of 2-(α-alkoxyimino)ethylthiophenes 3 and electrophilic reagents. Hydrolysis of thiophenes 4-8 produces 5-substituted 2-acetylthiophenes 9-13, respectively. Compounds 3 are easily obtained either by the reaction of 2-acetylthiophene (1) and an O-alkylhydroxylamine or by oxidation of 1 followed by O-alkylation.