gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Megakaryocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. (2007)

Abstract The ability to generate multiple cell types from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in culture offers an unprecedented opportunity to produce an unlimited supply of cells for research and clinical purposes. Megakaryocytes comprise only 0.02–0.05% of the nucleated cell population in the bone marrow, thus making them a difficult cell to isolate and study. The ES cell technology provides a resource for generating megakaryocyte progenitors for in vitro and in vivo analyses. For this approach to be successful, reproducible differentiation schemes that generate sufficient numbers of cells are necessary. With an embryoid body (EB)-based protocol, in serum-free media we are able to generate hematopoietic populations with megakaryocyte potential from two different hESC lines; H1 and HES2. Using CD41 as an early marker of definitive hematopoiesis, we found that 4 to 12% of the day 11–12 EB population expressed high levels of the marker (CD41Hi) whereas 10 to 20% expressed low levels of the marker (CD41Lo). Cells from the CD41Hi but not the CD41Lo population expressed the megakaryocyte marker GPIb. To further analyze these populations, both were isolated from day 12 EBs by cell sorting and cultured in media containing TPO and SCF. Following several days in culture, the CD41Hi population expressed increasing levels of GPIb, as determined by flow cytometry and real time PCR. PF4 was detected in the sorted CD41Hi population and levels increased 10-fold following culture. These cells also adhered to fibrinogen and collagen and stained positive for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and P-selectin. Following activation by PAR1, the cells bound soluble fibrinogen and expressed P-selectin on their surface. Few to no progenitors were detected in the CD41Hi fraction by colony assays suggesting that this population contained cells that were already committed to the megakaryocyte lineage. Incubation of the CD41Lo population of cells in the presence of TPO resulted in 70–80% of the cells expressing increased levels of CD41 and GPIb. Immunostaining revealed vWF and P-selectin expression following adhesion of the cells to fibrinogen and collagen. Both fibrinogen binding and P-selectin surface expression were detected following activation with PAR1. Quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated low levels of PF4 message in the sorted population with an increase of 3-fold following incubation in the presence of TPO. Progenitor cells were detected in colony assays suggesting that this population of cells contained megakaryocyte-like progenitors. Taken together, these finding demonstrate the efficient and reproducible generation of megakaryocytes from hESC using a serum-free EB protocol.
Sex Does Not Influence Visual Outcomes After Blast-Mediated Traumatic Brain Injury but IL-1 Pathway Mutations Confer Partial Rescue (2020)

Sex does not affect RGC outcomes after bTBI. The genetic studies suggest that deletion of these IL-1 pathway components confers some protection, but global deletion from birth did not result in a complete rescue.
Biosilicate scaffolds for bone regeneration: influence of introducing SrO (2017)

Strontium (Sr), a bioactive element in natural bone, plays a crucial role in stimulating bone remodeling and inhibiting bone resorption.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Vapor Transport of Solid Solutions in the MgMoO4—NiMoO4 System. (2013)

Abstract Powder samples of solid solutions in the MgMoO 4 —NiMoO 4 system are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of MgO, MoO 3 , and NiO (quartz crucible, 1173 K, 60 h).
Evaluation and Forecasting of Elapsed Fatigue Life of Ship Structures by Analyzing Data from Full Scale Ship Structural Monitoring (2015)

This paper describes the activities carried out by CETENA in collaboration with the Italian Navy to assess the behavior of new FREMM frigates by means of an automatic hull monitoring system and to predict the expected fatigue life of ship structure by analyzing recorded data through a specifically developed post-processing tool.
Development of High-Performance Surfactants for Difficult Oils (2008)

Abstract We present results for high molecular weight internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) surfactants that show excellent performance when tested using several crude oils with characteristics such as high wax content and viscosity that have made it very difficult to achieve high oil recovery with most surfactants used in the past. High carbon number internal olefin sulfonates when used with appropriate co-surfactants, co-solvents and alkali show the type of phase behavior and ultra-low interfacial tension needed for almost 100% oil recovery in cores. This work shows how the performance of both surfactant-polymer and alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding can be dramatically improved at the same or lower cost than with conventional surfactants and applied over a wider range of reservoir conditions. High carbon number internal olefin sulfonate surfactants gave good performance at low concentrations and were found to be compatible with both polymers and alkali such as sodium carbonate when used with appropriate co-solvents. The extremely efficient and effective approach for finding high performance surfactants that we previously presented for light crude oils has now been successfully extended to heavier crude oils. The identification of high-performance surfactants suitable for high-temperature and/or paraffinic oil applications opens up the potential to recover a vast amount of additional oil outside the range of conditions considered practical in the past.
Efficiency improvement for SR forward converters with LC snubber (2001)

A novel circuit is proposed to alleviate the problems associated with using synchronous rectifiers in forward converters. The proposed circuit employed an LC snubber in the primary side of the converter as opposed to conventional schemes of employing an additional active switch to improve the efficiency. For the proposed forward converter with 40 W output, 91% efficiency at 3.3 V and 4 A output is obtained. In this paper, the circuit operation of this converter is described with the aid of simulation waveforms and the design criteria are also established.
Parallel Genetic Algorithms on Multiple FPGAs (2016)

Genetic algorithms (GA) have been shown to be effective in the optimization of many large-scale real-world problems in a reasonable amount of time. Parallel GAs not only reduce the overall GA execution time, but also bring higher quality solutions due to parallel search in multiple parts of the solution space. This paper proposes a parallel GA system on hardware such as Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGAs). Our approach targets multiple FPGAs by exploring different search areas of the same solution space with different behaviours. Each FPGA contains an optimised customisable GA which can be configured using run-time parameters, removing the need for expensive recompilation. This paper also explores adjustment of the migration gap, providing empirical guidance on good settings to users. Experiments on three problems show the high performance of our system, with a 30 times speedup achieved compared to a multi-core CPU-based implementation.
Log-cumulant matching approximation of heavy-tailed-distributed aggregate interference (2015)

The Method of Moments (MoM) and Method of Log-cumulants (MoLC) estimate the distribution parameters in terms of First Kind Statistics (FKS) and Second Kind Statistics (SKS), respectively. Although SKS offer a suitable framework to analyze heavy-tailed (and asymmetric) distributions, which are commonly-found in aggregate interference modeling, statistical methods developed within this framework has been understudied. For networks following point processes of varying regularity, this paper evaluates the MoM and MoLC methods to estimate the distribution parameters of interference under Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing. The results confirm that the gamma and log-normal models offer accurate approximations only when the interference does not present a heavy-tail. For heavy-tailed interference, the MoLC allows an accurate and fast estimation for the α-stable model.
"THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN MITIGATING GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE" (2023)

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty established in 1992 under the auspices of the United Nations. It aims to promote global cooperation in combating climate change and adapting to its impacts. The UNFCCC sets out a framework for countries to work together to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents dangerous human interference with the climate system. It recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource that requires international cooperation to protect. One of the key achievements of the UNFCCC was the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. This historic agreement builds upon the principles of the UNFCCC and aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It also emphasizes the need for countries to enhance their adaptive capacity and support developing nations in their climate actions. The UNFCCC facilitates regular meetings called Conferences of the Parties (COP) where countries come together to discuss and negotiate climate-related issues. These COP meetings provide a platform for countries to review progress, share experiences, and strengthen international cooperation in addressing climate change. The United Nations plays a vital role in mobilizing political will, fostering international collaboration, and supports countries in their efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to the impacts of climate change, and promote sustainable development. In conclusion, the UNFCCC, under the guidance of the United Nations, serves as a crucial platform for global action on climate change. It provides a framework for international cooperation, facilitates negotiations, and promotes sustainable solutions to address the urgent challenge of climate change.
Novel Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins: Per[6-deoxy-6-(4,5-dicarboxy-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,3-di-O-methyl] Derivatives (1998)

Per[6-deoxy-6-(4,5-dicarboxy-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,3-di- O -methyl] substituted α- and β-cyclodextrins 6a and 6b were prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the corresponding per(6-azido-6-deoxy-2,3-di- O -methyl)cyclodextrins 4a and 4b with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
A new source-splitting approach to the slepian-wolf problem (2004)

It is shown that achieving an arbitrary rate-point in the achievable region of the M-source Slepian-Wolf [1] problem may be reduced via a practical source-splitting transformation to achieving a corner point in a 2M - 1 source Slepian-Wolf problem. Moreover, each source must be split at most once. This approach extends the ideas introduced in [2] to a practical setting: it does not require common randomness shared between splitters and the decoders, the cardinality of each source split is strictly smaller than the original, and practical iterative decoding methods can achieve rates near the theoretical bound.
Fibroblasts in Huntington's Disease (1975)

We investigated the growth of skin fibroblasts in tissue culture from 10 patients with Huntington's disease and eight healthy, unrelated controls. The patients' ages ranged from 34 to 56 years (mean 48.5), and the mean duration of their clinical illness was 12.4 years. The controls' ages ranged from 32 to 64 years (mean, 42.3). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in out-growth of cells from the biopsies nor during subsequent routine culturing of fibroblasts. This contradicts the finding of earlier investigators that skin fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease grow poorly in tissue culture. Matched pairs of Huntington's disease and control cultures grew at the same rate, but Huntington's disease cells grew to a significantly higher maximal density (P less than 0.02). This may indicate a genetically determined change in the cell surface or metabolic difference in Huntington's disease.
The activation of liver X receptors inhibits toll‐like receptor‐9‐induced foam cell formation (2010)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are related to foam cell formation (FCF), key event in the establishment/progression of atherosclerosis. The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 can increase FCF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TLR9 in FCF. Murine macrophages were treated with CpG-ODN, TLR9 agonist, and oxidized particles of LDL (Paz-PC) and FCF was analyzed by means of Oil Red O staining. The administration of CpG-ODN plus Paz-PC onto macrophages increased the amount of lipid droplets, correlated to increased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IFNbeta, and IP-10. The underlying mechanism by which TLR9 ligation influenced Paz-PC in the FCF was NF-kappaB- and IRF7-dependent, as observed by higher levels of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha, increased nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit, lower levels of the total IKKalpha protein and higher release of interferon-dependent cytokines, such as IP-10. Liver X receptors (LXRs) regulate lipid cellular transport and negatively modulate TLR-dependent signaling pathways. Indeed, the addition of GW3965, synthetic LXRs agonist, significantly reduced FCF after CpG-ODN plus Paz-PC stimulation. In this condition, we observed decreased levels of the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit, related to the higher presence of LXRalpha into the nucleus. TNF-alpha, IP-10, and IFNbeta levels were reduced by the administration of GW3965 following CpG-ODN and Paz-PC treatment. In conclusion, the activation of TLR9 facilitates the formation of foam cells in an NF-kappaB- and IRF7-dependent manner, countered by the activation of LXRs. This study further support LXRs as potential anti-atherosclerotic target.
Segmentation of sputum color image for lung cancer diagnosis based on mean shift algorithm (2013)

This paper presents the mean shift segmentation algorithm for segmenting the extracted sputum cells into nuclei and cytoplasm regions. The segmentation results will be used as a base for a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. The mean shift is a mode seeking process on a surface design with a kernel. Also it will be used as a strategy to perform multistart global optimization. The histogram analysis is used to find the best distribution of the nuclei and cytoplasm sputum cell pixels and to find the best color space that can be used to perform the mean shift segmentation. The Mena shift method offers better performance compared to other segmentation algorithm including Hopefield Neural Network (HNN). The new method is validated on a set of manually defined ground truths sputum images.
A novel family VII esterase with industrial potential from compost metagenomic library (2011)

The high stability of EstCS2 in organic solvents and its activity towards esters of ketoprofen and tertiary alcohols, and in polyurethane suggests that it has potential uses for many applications in biotransformation and bioremediation.
The LFS Storage Manager. (1990)

Advances in computer system technology in the areas of CPUs, disk subsystems, and volatile RAM memory are combining to create performance problems existing file sys-tems are ill-equipped to solve. This paper identifies the problems of using the existing UNIX file systems on 1990’s technology and presents an alternative file system design that can use disks an order-of-magnitude more efficiently for typical UNIX workloads. The design, named LFS for log-structured file system, treats the disk as a segmented append-only log. This allows LFS to write many small changes to disk in a single large I/O while still maintaining the fast file reads of existing file systems. In addition, the log-structured approach allows near instantaneous file system crash recovery without cou-pling CPU and disk performance with synchronous disk writes. This paper describes and justifies the major data structures and algorithms of the LFS design. We compare an im-plementation of LFS in the Sprite distributed operating system to SunOS’s file system running on the same hardware. For tests that create, destroy, or modify files at a high rate, LFS can achieve an order-of-magnitude speedup over SunOS. In spite of its obvious write-optimization, LFS’s read performance matches or exceeds the SunOS file system under most common UNIX workloads.
A Theory of Fun for Game Design (2004)

Now in full color, the 10th anniversary edition of this classic book takes you deep into the influences that underlie modern video games, and examines the elements they share with traditional games such as checkers. At the heart of his exploration, veteran game designer Raph Koster takes a close look at the concept of fun and why its the most vital element in any game. Why do some games become boring quickly, while others remain fun for years? How do games serve as fundamental and powerful learning tools? Whether youre a game developer, dedicated gamer, or curious observer, this illustrated, fully updated edition helps you understand what drives this major cultural force, and inspires you to take it further. Youll discover that: Games play into our innate ability to seek patterns and solve puzzles Most successful games are built upon the same elements Slightly more females than males now play games Many games still teach primitive survival skills Fictional dressing for modern games is more developed than the conceptual elements Truly creative designers seldom use other games for inspiration Games are beginning to evolve beyond their prehistoric origins
Use of wave forecast for the regulation of ISWEC (2015)

The ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter) is a gyroscopic based WEC developed at the Politecnico di Torino. The system is composed of a sealed hull carrying a gyroscopic system connected to the PTO. The rocking motion of the hull is converted into an internal precession driving the PTO. In this work the "Wave to wire model" model of ISWEC is used together with the wave forecast information to optimize the algorithms of the ISWEC gyro control unit. The availability of the wave forecast is discussed in relation to the dynamics of acceleration of the gyroscope and the effect on the ISWEC productivity. The work is carried out referring to the parameters of the 100 kW full scale ISWEC demonstrator currently under deployment at the Island of Pantelleria and going to be operational by July 2015
Equivalent circuit of a reconfigurable triple‐slot reflectarray cell (2016)

This study presents an equivalent model for a multiple‐resonance reflectarray cell. It allows predicting the different phase‐states of the cell from only a very few full‐wave simulations. Demonstrations are first given for a passive cell where different geometrical parameters are varied. Then, the approach is generalised to a reconfigurable cell. Finally, a canonical reflectarray with a steered beam has been synthesised in order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed equivalent circuit.
A Facile Synthesis of Face “D” Quinolino Annulated Benzazepinone Analogues with Its Quinoline Framework Appended To Oxadiazole, Triazole and Pyrazole Heterocycles (2015)

An exceedingly facile protocol to the hetero‐annulation of face “d” of benzazepinone with quinoline nucleus has been developed. The synthesis proceeded with the formation of the key intermediate 7‐fluoro‐benzazepin‐2,5‐dione ( 2 ), which resulted from the acylation of p ‐fluoroaniline with succinyl chloride followed by treatment with PPA. Compound 2 underwent a very smooth Pfitzinger reaction with isatin to furnish the acid 3 , the hydrazide of which reacted rapidly with reagents indicated in Schemes and to afford the corresponding oxadiazole, triazole, and pyrazole incorporated analogues 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , respectively, in acceptable yields.
Effect of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Contained in Titania-Polyurea Coating on Marina Biofouling and Drag Reduction (2020)

Marine structures often suffer from biofouling, which may lead to macrofouling by marine animals like marine worms and barnacles, weighing down the structures and increasing the drag. This paper analyses the effect of the newly fabricated biological anti-adhesion Titania-Polyurea spray coating, which can effectively reduce biofouling from enriching on the surface. Through the surface characterization, bioassays and micro-channel drag-reduction test, the antibacterial effect caused by the nano-titanium dioxide is systematically studied. Compared to the different weight percentages of nano-TiO₂ in the coating system, the photocatalytic activity, riblet surface structure and hydrophobic wettability are supposed to be the key factors to reduce the flow resistance at a drag reduction rate of 3.0% and further enhance the anti-biofouling performance under dark conditions.
Tubifex tubifex Müll.--photosensitive organism. (2004)

The worm Tubifex tubifex Müll. (Tubificideae, Oligochaeta) is a suitable organism for the research of the biological effect of various pollutants. This pilot study deals with the responds of the organism to the treatments of two photosensitizers (bengal rose B, quinidine) and UVA radiation. The activity of the photosensitizers was evaluated by the comparison of the surfaces of tested worms and dark controls. The results showed that T. tubifex Müll. could be a suitable organism for the studies of phototoxicity. This species demonstrated relatively strong sensitivity to the effect of the selected photodynamically active substances.
Heterogeneous nucleation in the crystallization of high polymers from the melt. (2021)

In spite of the large amount of work expended in the study of crystallization of polymers , the nature of the surfaces responsible for heterogeneous nucleation and the mechanism as to how foreign surfaces induce nucleation are poorly understood. The present investigation has been directed toward a better understanding of the behavior of surfaces in the nucleation of polymer crystals from the melt.
Role of the intensity profile in femtosecond laser surface texturing: An experimental study (2021)

Femtosecond Laser Induced Surface Structures evolve from ripples to spikes upon the increase of the energy dose Φ. Nevertheless, for a fixed Φ, several process parameters (pulse energy, repetition rate, average power, overlapping, etc.) play an important role in determining the resulting morphology. Here we show that the beam intensity profile Î as well has an important bearing on the structures morphology evolution. In the case of a Gaussian beam, Î has been modified by varying the beam size d. We observed that for a stationary beam, and for a Φ value, passing from d = 13 µm to d = 200 µm makes possible the transition from ripples to spikes. This transition is made energetically advantageous by using a Top Hat profile. Compared to a 200 µm wide Gaussian beam, a 62 µm wide Top Hat reduces by 10 the Φ required to yield a similar surface morphology (coexistence of spikes and micro-groves). Confirming these results over a large surface could further validate the shaping of Î as a key approach to both fully exploit the output power of state of the art, kW class, femtosecond laser whilst increasing the surface texturing throughput.