gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multibeam Satellite EIRP Adaptability for Aeronautical Communications (1973)

EIRP enhancement and management techniques, emphasizing aeronautical communications and adaptable multibeam concepts, are classified and characterized. User requirement and demand characteristics that exploit the improvement available from each technique are identified, and the relative performance improvement of each is discussed. It is concluded that aeronautical satellite communications could benefit greatly by the employment of these techniques.
Electronic and optical excitations of the PTB7 crystal: First-principles GW-BSE calculations (2014)

Given the recent success in achieving efficient organic photovoltaic solar cells based on thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene polymers (PTB7) and growing efforts to further improve the power conversion efficiency of the PTB7-based devices, a detailed atomic-scale picture of the electronic structure and the excitonic properties of PTB7 crystal is highly desirable. We report electronic and optical properties of PTB7 on the basis of first-principles density functional theory and GW many-body plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations. It is established that the first two highest valence bands (HVBs) and the first two lowest conduction bands (LCBs) originate from the benzodithiophene and thieno[3,4-b]thiophene functional units, respectively, thus confirming the donor-acceptor nature of PTB7. A significant difference of band splitting between HVBs and LCBs is found and its origins are explained. Our results strongly suggest that the strength of the interchain $\ensuremath{\pi}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\pi}$ interaction is not only a function of interchain distance, but is also highly dependent on the nature of the fused rings. The experimental optical absorption spectrum of PTB7 is well reproduced and explained by our GW-BSE calculations. Further analysis shows that the nature of the lowest singlet (triplet) excitons in polymeric crystals such as PTB7 differs from that of organic molecular crystals. A possible reason is explored by combining BSE calculations with a simple Hamiltonian model.
Introduction to the Molecules Special Edition Entitled ‘Heparan Sulfate and Heparin: Challenges and Controversies’: Some Outstanding Questions in Heparan Sulfate and Heparin Research (2019)

The scope of this article is to provide a brief general introduction to heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin, and attempt to identify some of the central challenges regarding research into the chemistry and biology of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), some of which are the subject of contributions to the special issue of <i>Molecules</i> (published in volume <i>23</i>, 2018) entitled '<i>Heparan Sulfate and Heparin: Challenges and Controversies</i>' [...].
Abstract 206: Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Induce Cardiac Repair via mRNA Modification (2016)

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that carry and shuttle microRNAs (miRNAs) to mediate cell-cell communication. Vast majority of cell types including cardiac myocytes and progenitors actively secrete exosomes, whose miRNA contents are altered after physiological or pathological changes such as myocardial ischemia (MI). In this new study, we have discovered that chemical modification to mRNAs is a novel regulator of ischemia-induced gene expression changes in the heart. We hypothesized that the benefits of human CD34 + stem cell-derived exosomes (CD34exo) are mediated by mRNA modifications in the target cells via miRNA delivery. MiRNA profiling and bioinformatic analysis identified that CD34exo is selectively enriched with a number of miRNAs that directly target genes implicated in regulation of mRNA modifications. Interestingly, under myocardial ischemia, there was a significant increase in mRNA modifications in the mouse heart, which was decreased by about 70% with CD34exo-treatment. In line with the in vivo MI data, in vitro hypoxic stimulation in neonatal / adult rodent myocytes and non-myocytes increased mRNA modifications and controls known regulators of those mRNA modifications. Loss-of-function studies for regulators of mRNA modifications attenuated hypoxia-induced changes to epitranscriptome indicating important roles for these molecules under stress conditions. Finally, using gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that miR-126, one of the most enriched miRNAs in CD34exo, plays a critical role in regulating the mRNA modifications. We conclude that miRNAs enriched in CD34exo mediate their cardioprotective effect at least in part, by regulating the mRNA epitranscriptome of the target cell. Our new data suggests hypoxia as a novel regulator of the mRNA epitranscriptome and provides novel insights to post-transcriptional gene regulation in the heart.
843. N-oxides and related compounds. Part XXV. The so-called “dihydrobenzo-1,2,3,4-tetrazines” (1964)

H. Bauer and A. R. Katritzky, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4394 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004394
Structure and optical characterization of ZnxCd1−xTe thin films prepared by the close spaced vapor transport method (1991)

Zinc cadmium telluride (ZnxCd1−xTe ) solid solution films with 0≤x≤0.12 were deposited by the close spaced vapor transport method and characterized using photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The two former techniques indicate that films with high crystalline quality can be prepared with moderate substrate temperatures and low argon pressures. Under these conditions deposition rates of up to 1000 Å/s are achieved and Zn concentration in the film is the same as that of the source. The electron micrographs show grain sizes comparable to the film thickness.
Avidity of CD8 T cells sharpens immunodominance (2007)

In the course of viral infection, the immune system exploits only a fraction of the available CTL repertoire and focuses on a few of a myriad of potentially antigenic peptides. This phenomenon, known as immunodominance, depends on a number of factors, including antigen processing and transport, MHC binding, competition for antigen-presenting cells, availability of the CD8 T cell repertoire and other mechanisms that function largely by restricting the immune response. Here we elucidate a novel mechanism that increases the immunodominance of the epitope rather by enhancing the immune response. Using a peptide-specific MHC-restricted mAb and functional assays of CTL activation, we show that T cells with high avidity for the immunodominant, H-2D(d) restricted, P18-I10 epitope expand rapidly following immunization, and this expansion in turn determines the level of the P18-I10 epitope immunodominance. This proliferation has little dependence on the number of MHC-peptide complexes. Since most self-reactive T cells of high avidity are depleted in the thymus, the selection of immunodominant epitopes based on the expansion of high-avidity T cells in the periphery reduces the potential for autoimmunity.
Co-op Education and the Impact on the Behaviors and Competencies of Undergraduate Engineering Students (2020)

Abstract This paper presented the early results of a study to measure the transformation of engineering students as they matriculate through the curriculum at the University, which has a required co-op program consisting of a three semester-long co-op rotation. For data collection, TTI’s TriMetrix® DNA assessment suite was used. The TTI survey is designed to increase the understanding of an individual's talents in three distinct areas: competencies, driving forces and behavioral traits. The survey was first administered to incoming freshmen students (within four weeks of entering college) and then again at the beginning of junior year after the students have completed two co-op rotations. A pairwise longitudinal comparison was conducted on twenty engineering students (14 males and 6 females with 5 of the students being from underrepresented minorities) that took the survey as freshmen in Fall 2017 and then again as juniors in Fall 2019. The study revealed significant changes in the behavioral traits of the individuals in the 20-student sample, but the changes did not exhibit discernable patterns and could not be reliably correlated with elements of the co-op experience. Regardless, the observed behavioral traits have proven valuable in mentoring students and directing them towards the type of work that they are best suited for. As for the changes in competencies (25 competencies in total), there was a marked increase in fifteen competencies (over 10%) including a very large increase (over 25%) in four competencies: conceptual thinking; decision making; futuristic thinking; and, self-starting. There was also a decrease in four competencies: appreciating others; conflict management; goal orientation; and, interpersonal skills. After correlating these changes with the co-op reflection essays of the twenty students, a statistical correlation was found between the decrease in the “conflict management” competency and the severity of conflicts reported by the students during co-op. This finding raises the possibility that impressionable engineering students could be susceptible when faced with difficult conflicts while on co-op. Additional measures such as engaging co-op employers on the subject and monitoring the well-being of the students while on co-op are needed. There was little or no correlation between the severity of conflict and the other three decreased competencies.
Chipless Radio Frequency Identification by Remote Measurement of Complex Impedance (2007)

A novel technique for radio frequency identification devices (RFID) based on remote measurement of complex impedance at microwave frequencies is presented. The low cost read-only tags do not need semiconductor elements and can be implemented by printing a conducting pattern on a low cost dielectric substrate. Multiple tags are simultaneously illuminated by a chirped microwave signal with a bandwidth of few hundred MHz to few GHz. The composite backscatter from all tags is mixed with the transmitted chirp signal and filtered to generate an intermediate frequency (IF). The IF is further processed with a narrow detection bandwidth to select a particular tag. Next, the phase-frequency profile of the reflection coefficient (complex impedance) of the selected tag is recovered with the help of a reference channel. Phase-frequency signatures of individual tags determine the tag identity. The technique allows operation with low transmit power, provides range information and mitigates against multi-path propagation and interference.
Sn Plating to Replace Sn-Pb Plating (2015)

．はじめに 欧州連合 (EU) にて電気
Disrupted Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal Interactions of the Androgen Receptor Are Linked to Androgen Insensitivity (2001)

We have compared the functional consequences of seven single-point mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the androgen receptor (AR). The mutations span helices 3 to 11 and are present in patients suffering from androgen insensitivity syndromes (AIS) and other male-specific disorders. The mutants, except M742V, bound to androgen response elements in vivo and in vitro and showed a testosterone-dependent conformational change. With regard to functional activity, the mutant M742V had severely blunted ability to transactivate or exhibit the androgen-dependent amino/carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction; mutants F725L, G743V, and F754L showed reduced transactivation potential and attenuated N/C interaction; and mutants V715M, R726L, and M886V had minor functional impairments. The mutants belonging to the first two groups also displayed reduced response to coexpressed GRIP1. In addition, mutations of amino acids M894 and A896 in the putative core activation domain 2 (AF2) in helix 12 confirmed that this helix is important for N/C interactions. Thus, amino acids located between helices 3 and 4 (F725 and R726), in helix 5 (M742, G743, and F754), and in helix 12 (M894 and A896) play critical roles in mediating the N/C interaction of AR. The data also show that disrupted N/C interaction is a potential molecular abnormality in AIS cases in which LBD mutations have not resulted in markedly impaired ability to bind androgen.
Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but not IL-3 by normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes (1992)

The ability of human B cells to produce granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF and IL-3 was investigated. B cells, isolated from tonsils or from the peripheral blood of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia using mAb and immune rosettes, were cultured with or without Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I. GM-CSF and IL-3 were measured in the culture supernatants using a bioassay based on the selective proliferative response of the MO7e megakaryoblastic cell line to IL-3 or GM-CSF. S. aureus Cowan I-stimulated normal B cells released measurable amounts of GM-CSF but not of IL-3 as determined in neutralization assays with specific mAb in the MO7e cell line test. Some of the unstimulated normal B suspensions also produced GM-CSF, albeit in lower quantities. When normal B cells were fractionated into small (resting) and large (activated) B cells by Percoll density gradients, spontaneous GM-CSF production was detected only in the large cell fractions, but small cells were induced to produce GM-CSF upon S. aureus Cowan I stimulation. On a per cell basis, tonsillar B cells were found capable of releasing more GM-CSF than activated peripheral blood monocytes. The amount of GM-CSF produced by B cells was always inferior to that released by stimulated peripheral blood T cells or NK cells. The purified B cell suspensions from all 14 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients studied released GM-CSF but not IL-3 in the culture supernatants, sometimes even in the absence of stimuli. Northern blot analysis on total or poly(A)+ RNA confirmed the presence of GM-CSF, but not of IL-3, mRNA transcripts in both normal and malignant B cells. The results of these studies support the notion that activated human B lymphocytes release sufficient GM-CSF to play a role in the control of both hematopoiesis and the inflammatory process.
Random super-prism wavelength meter (2013)

The speckle pattern arising from a thin random, disordered scatterer may be used to detect the transversal mode of an incident beam. On the other hand, speckle patterns originating from meter-long multimode fibers can be used to detect different wavelengths. Combining these approaches, we develop a method that uses a thin random scattering medium to measure the wavelength of a near-infrared laser beam with picometer resolution. The method is based on the application of principal component analysis, which is used for pattern recognition and is applied here to the case of speckle pattern categorization.
Effects of the New Dual PPARα/δ Agonist GFT505 on Lipid and Glucose Homeostasis in Abdominally Obese Patients With Combined Dyslipidemia or Impaired Glucose Metabolism (2011)

GFT505 may be considered a new drug candidate for the treatment of lipid and glucose disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Smarter memory: improving bandwidth for streamed references (1998)

Processor speeds are increasing so much faster than memory speeds that within a decade processors may spend most of their time waiting for data. Most modern DRAM components support modes that make it possible to perform some access sequences more quickly than others. The authors describe how reordering streams can result in better memory performance.
Integration of Thermal Membrane Distillation Networks with Processing Facilities (2013)

Thermal membrane distillation (TMD) is an emerging technology which is gaining an increasing level of interest in the area of high-purity separation especially in water treatment. It is driven primarily by heat which creates a vapor-pressure difference across a porous hydrophobic membrane. The integration of TMD with industrial processes offers several advantages. Excess low-level heat from the process can be used to drive TMD. This transfer of heat also reduces the cooling utility load for the process. Therefore, dual heat-reduction benefits accrue as a result of this heat integration. Additionally, process wastewater and utility water may be treated using TMD then recycle or reused in the process or sold to external users. This paper introduces a process integration framework from the thermal coupling of TMD networks and industrial processes. First, a three-parameter model is developed to quantify the water flux through the membranes as a function of heat and temperature. The model is validated using experimental data for direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Next, the trans-shipment model for heat integration is extended to account for the coupling of the process and the TMD network and the need to optimize the extent of heating for the TMD feed. A discretization approach is used to linearize the thermal-coupling constraints. The mathematical-programming formulation is solved to identify the optimal heat integration strategies within the process and with the TMD network. The program also determines the optimal temperature to which the TMD feed should be heated and the system design and specification. A case study is solved to show the integration between a gas-to-methanol process and an adjacent desalination process. Three scenarios are considered: a standalone TMD network, TMD with thermal and water coupling with a process in an eco-industrial park setting, and TMD as part of the processing facility.
Irinotecan (CPT-11): Recent Developments and Future Directions–Colorectal Cancer and Beyond (2001)

Since its approval in the United States in 1996, irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar, Pharmacia Corp.; Peapack, NJ) has undergone extensive clinical evaluation. In the past five years, the focus of development has evolved from evaluation of single-agent activity in refractory disease settings to evaluation of front-line irinotecan-based combination chemotherapy regimens and integration of irinotecan into combined modality regimens. Important studies have been performed clarifying the role of irinotecan in treating colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, and a variety of other malignancies. Preclinical studies performed in conjunction with these clinical trials have also provided significant insights into the pharmacology, metabolism, mechanisms of resistance, and molecular determinants of response. This review summarizes that progress, focusing on the achievements of the past five years.
Modeling and Simulation of Small Wind Power Inverter System Based on SPWM (2011)

Taking the small wind power system as an object for studies,this paper focuses on the design of the inverter link.Through comparisons and analyses,the high frequency transformer form is chosen for the main circuit while the instantaneous voltage feedback control for the control circuit.The wind turbine inverter system circuit model is established by MATLAB/Simulink software,producing the system design and simulation of the voltage feedback based on SPWM(Sinusoidal PWM).With interferences abruptly added,the circumstance simulation model can quickly get stable,indicating the model has strong anti-jamming ability.The simulation results verify the feasibility of the system design.On this basis,the hardware design scheme is completed for the wind power inverter control system based chips TL494,IR2110 and SG3525A.
Electronystagmographic studies on degree and duration of risk for traffic participation with 'small' doses of alcohol (0.3 - 0.5 - 0.8 g/kg/h) (1976)

By means of electronystagmography, it was possible to demonstate the correlation between the alcohol dose and the concentration of alcohol in the blood on the one hand and the effect of alcohol up to a blood alcohol level of 80 mg/100 ml on the other. The increasing traffic accident risk, which rises with an increase of the blood alcohol level, is the result of the frequency and the seriousness of the influence of alcohol on the drivers. A blood alcohol level of less than 30/40 mg/100 ml can be regarded as decisive in the prevention of traffic accidents.
<title>Enantiomeric determination of D-, L-lactate in diabetic rat urine using a column-switching HPLC</title> (2005)

A highly sensitive method for the determination of D-lactate in rat urine was developed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an octadecylsilica (ODS) connected to a chiral column. At first, (D+L)-lactate in the urine were derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-PZ), and separated on the ODS column and determined fluorimetrically at 547 nm with 491 nm of excitation wavelength. During the separation step on the ODS, the peak fraction of (D+L)-lactate derivative was introduced directly to an amylose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD-RH) chiral column by changing the flow of the eluent via 6-port valve. Then, D-lactate derivative was separated enantiomerically from L-lactate derivative, and the enantiomeric ratio was determined from the chromatogram. The accuracy values for the determination of D-lactate in 20 &#956;L of rat urine were 96.93% - 104.85%. The intra- and inter-day precision values were within 0.80% and 14.44%. The proposed method was applied to the urine of diabetic rats induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin, and the significant increases of D-lactate was observed in the diabetic rats as compared to the normal rats.
Efficient Allocation of Periodic Feedback Channels in Broadband Wireless Networks (2014)

Advanced wireless technologies such as multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) require each mobile station (MS) to send a lot of feedback to the base station. This periodic feedback consumes much of the uplink bandwidth. This expensive bandwidth is very often viewed as a major obstacle to the deployment of MIMO and other advanced closed-loop wireless technologies. This paper is the first to propose a framework for efficient allocation of periodic feedback channels to the nodes of a wireless network. Several relevant optimization problems are defined and efficient algorithms for solving them are presented. A scheme for deciding when the base station (BS) should invoke each algorithm is also proposed and shown through simulations to perform very well.