gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taphonomy and palaeoecology of the green Devonian gypidulid brachiopods from the Aferdou El Mrakib, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco (2013)

On Aferdou El Mrakib, a large reef mound in the Maïder region (Anti-Atlas, Morocco), thick-shelled gypidulids of two genera are locally very abundant. Like Stringocephalus in the shallow water limestone formations in Germany, these Moroccan brachiopods of the genera Devonogypa and Ivdelinia often display greenish shells. By analysing these shells by EDX, it turned out that the colour was possibly caused by impurities of Fe2+-ions. The concentration varies, indicating that the colour is less dependent on the concentration than on shell thickness, because only the thickest parts of the shells appear green and thin-shelled forms never display the green colour. There is also some indication that the Fe content increases towards deeper shell layers (further away from the surface). In addition, we examined the quality and spatial distribution of sublethal injuries in over 200 specimens of Devonogypa and Ivdelinia. Shape, spatial distribution on the shells, and abundance of the sublethal injuries support the hypotheses that (1) the injuries had several causes, (2) some of these were inflicted by predators, probably cephalopods, and (3) many fractures and deformations might have been caused by the brachiopod shells hitting each other in dense populations in agitated water. The existence of dense clusters, built by the association of members of both genera or of only one taxon, is corroborated by the patchy occurrence of these brachiopods.
Establishing a core outcomes set for massive transfusion: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma modified Delphi method consensus study (2023)

Diagnostic Test or Criteria; Level V.
Effect of dead space on gain and noise in Si and GaAs avalanche photodiodes (1992)

The effect of dead space on the mean gain, the excess noise factor, and the avalanche breakdown voltage for Si and GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with nonuniform carrier ionization coefficients are examined. The dead space, which is a function of the electric field and position within the multiplication region of the APD, is the minimum distance that a newly generated carrier must travel in order to acquire sufficient energy to become capable of causing impact ionization. Recurrence relations in the form of coupled linear integral equations are derived to characterize the underlying avalanche multiplication process. Numerical solutions to the integral equations are obtained and the mean gain and the excess noise factor are computed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stereospecific vicinal oxyamination of N-substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines and 1,2-dihydropyridines by N-chloro-N-metallocarbamates (1983)

The vicinal oxyamination of 1-substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines (2) affords a mixture of the regioisomeric cis-hydroxycarbamates 3 and 4. The tert-butoxycarbonylamino and hydroxyl substituents for 3 and 4 assume the equatorial and axial orientations respectively, irrespective of the substituent position. Acid hydrolysis of 3a and 4a affords the cis-aminoalcohols 5 and 6. The regiospecific oxyamination of 1-methyoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydropyridine occurs at the 5,6-olefenic bond to yield the hydroxycarbamates 15 and 16. Reduction of 15 or 16 with palladium on charcoal affords the same vicinal hydroxy and methoxycarbamates 17 to 20 which may arise via the aziridine intermediate 21.
Residential relocation and sustainable urban form: Statistical analyses of owner-occupiers' preferences (2006)

This paper reports on analyses of the residential preferences of a sample of owner-occupier households moving house in the Cardiff region of Wales. These analyses were designed to examine the acceptability to relocating households of more sustainable residential alternatives, involving higher density living in mixed land use areas particularly in redeveloped dockland, inner urban and city-centre locations. The findings offer little comfort to those advocating urban intensification or compaction policies. City-centre services are a substitute for land for only a few. The dominant preferences remain, as they have been historically, for semi-detached and detached properties with their own private gardens in suburban areas. These preferences are further reinforced if households have young children or comprise persons of retirement age. The conclusion addresses the scope for achieving more sustainable suburbs.
Internet based double-blind cross-over clinical trial to test efficacy of high dose isoflavone soy in controlling breast cancer survivor hot flashes (2006)

636 Background: Severe hot flashes are common after completion of allopathic breast cancer treatment. Hot flashes are rare in the Orient where high isoflavone soy diets are common. Methods: We enrolled breast cancer survivors experiencing hot flashes after the completion of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy into a 16 week double blind cross-over casein placebo controlled trial of a 160 mg isoflavone soy dietary supplement. Hot flash frequency, severity, and time of day, exercise time and patient journaling was recorded by an internet diary placed on a HIPPA compliant server with password access. Results: Of 168 patients enrolled, 117 actually participated in taking supplementation and completing internet diaries giving adequate data for analysis. Of this group 13 patients dropped out of study for failure to finish all dietary supplements throughout the study period. The hot flash data during the last 4 weeks on each supplement was compared to determine benefit. There was no statistical difference in hot flash frequency, intensity or duration between either supplement independent of exercise level. Interestingly, 82% of patients reported a decrease in hot flashes in the first 4 weeks of study independent of which supplement they were randomized to receive. The journal entries report during this “induction” period that the majority of patients had identified emotional or dietary or other triggers for their hot flashes. The avoidance of the triggers seemed to substantially reduce their reported menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: High dose soy isoflavone dietary supplementation is ineffective in reducing breast cancer survivor hot flashes. Journaling may have a benefit in allowing survivors to find their individual triggers for the most severe hot flashes. Internet patient data entry provides a unique and highly compliant tool for obtaining direct patient reporting in survivorship clinical trials. [Table: see text]
Multilamellar liposomes as a model for evaluating the percutaneous absorption enhancing activity of terpenes (1993)

L'effet promoteur de six differents monoterpenes cycliques sur l'absorption cutanee du ketoprofene et du chlorhydrate de verapamil a ete etudie in vitro a l'aide de cellules de Franz equipees de peau abdominale rasee de rat. Le facteur de promotion d'absorption a ete calcule. Des liposomes de dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine/dicetyl phosphate/cholesterol ont ete utilises comme modeles de bicouche lipidique intercellulaire du stratum corneum. Des mesures d'analyse enthalpique differentielle (DSC) ont ete faites sur les liposomes renfermant les differents terpenes afin d'evaluer l'effet fluidifiant par les changements dans les temperatures de transition initiales
A new formulation for the design of FIR filters with reduced hardware implementation complexity (2010)

In this paper, we consider the design of finite-impulse response (FIR) filters, where the coefficients are expressed as sums of signed powers-of-two (SPT) terms. To consume less energy, the hardware implementation complexity is required to be reduced. That is, we need to minimize the number of SPT terms, subject to a given performance requirement. This can be formulated as an integer programming problem and can be transformed into a simplified one with a conversion method, where the number of the variables is reduced. Then, an efficient algorithm based on discrete steepest descent algorithm is developed for solving this problem. For illustration, two numerical examples are solved.
NOVEL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: A REVIEW (2014)

Microbiological evolution and bacterial resistance have accelerated dramatically over the last decade.Today, bacterial infections have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality, as well as a major challenge to antimicrobial therapy. The need for novel antimicrobials has been greater than ever in the face of increasing resistance to the older ones, and increasingly tough management of bacterial infections due to the augmented prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Appropriate stewardship infection control is being optimized, whilst pharmaceutical industrial research appears to be a step behind. Currently, there is stagnation in the development of novel antibacterial classes and significant limitations in the advancement of already existing ones. A review of the available literature regarding newer antimicrobial agent was conducted. A number of novel antibacterial agents are being clinically evaluated to target MDR bacteria; however, most of these current clinical progressions involve existing antimicrobial drug classes rather than discovering new ones. This paper reviews antibacterial compounds, in clinical development, derived from known and new classes of antibiotics which show promising activity against MDR bacteria. A major emphasis will be on antibacterial coverage, promising indications, current development stage, and pharmacological action.
ORC for low temperature power generation with low GWP refrigerants (2012)

This article presents and discusses the use of low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants in low temperature Organic Rankine Cycle for power generation using waste heat. The performance has been compared at low waste heat temperatures to current refrigerants and low GWP ones. In this article, energy and exergy analyses have been also presented and compared for the behaviour of the different refrigerants in question. Results showed that the use of low GWP refrigerants results in reduction of waste heat recovery efficiency with more exergy destruction compared to higher GWP working fluids.
Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes lack detectable nitric oxide synthase activity. (1994)

Nitric oxide regulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function, but whether or not human PMNs express nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is controversial. We studied NOS activity in human PMNs by using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) for comparison. The conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline, a relatively specific measure of NOS activity, was easily measured and inducible in fractionated HAECs, and > 90% of all L-arginine conversion was blocked by the NOS inhibitor, N omega-amino-L-arginine (L-NAA). In fractionated PMNs, L-arginine conversion was low and was unaffected by L-NAA. In addition, NOS activity was not induced in PMNs by LPS, IL-1 beta, or IFN-gamma. In a whole-cell assay, total L-arginine conversion was much lower in human PMNs compared with HAECs (3.38 +/- 0.21 vs 157.5 +/- 10.28 pmol/h/10(6) cells, respectively; p < 0.01). This conversion in whole PMNs was not increased in vitro by LPS, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, or TNF-alpha nor decreased by W13, a calmodulin inhibitor. Furthermore, PMNs isolated from four volunteers before and after challenge with i.v. LPS (4 ng/kg) showed no increase in L-arginine to L-citrulline conversion. Nitrite and nitrate release from human PMNs was 35-fold lower than for HAECs and was not inhibited by L-NAA. These data suggest that human PMNs do not express NOS activity.
Adhesion, friction, and wear of a copper bicrystal with (111) and (210) grains (1973)

Sliding friction experiments were conducted in air with polycrystalline copper and ruby riders sliding against a copper bicrystal. Friction coefficient was measured across the bicrystal surface, and the initiation of adhesive wear was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate a marked increase in friction coefficient as the copper rider crossed the grain boundary from the (111) plane to the (210) plane of the bicrystal. Adhesion, friction, and initiation of adhesive wear was notably different in the adjacent grains of differing orientation. A slip-band adhesion-generated fracture mechanism for wear particle formation is proposed.
Interconnecting L/C components for decoupling and its application to low‐field open MRI array (2007)

Abstract Interconnecting L/C components are often applied to decouple the array elements for parallel imaging. Although it has been recognized that interconnecting capacitors and inductors can both be employed for decoupling, quantitative study of this decoupling technique has not yet been presented. In this study, a theoretical analysis for the interconnecting L/C decoupling circuit is provided. The analysis reveals that the required decoupling capacitance decreases with the resonant frequency, whereas the decoupling inductance is independent of the frequency. The inductive decoupling scheme is applied in the design of a four‐channel knee coil for 0.5 T open MRI with vertical magnetic field. Experimental results show that good isolations (−19 dB ∼ −45 dB) between coil elements can be achieved and only 5% ∼ 11% degeneration of Q is caused by this decoupling method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 116–126, 2007
Cancer-Related Decision-Making Among Adolescents, Young Adults, Caregivers, and Oncology Providers (2021)

Decision-making among adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYA) is often complex, ongoing, and multifaceted, involving caregiver and oncology provider perspectives. Engagement in decision-making against the backdrop of normative developmental processes of acquiring autonomy and gaining independence contributes to the complexity of decision-making. Semi-structured qualitative interviews from 11 AYA and caregiver dyads and eight oncology providers examined decision-making processes with specific attention to the role of shared decision-making, cognitive and emotional processes, and coping with the decision-making experience. Five decision-making patterns were identified, with <i>collaborative decision-making</i> and <i>AYA-driven decisions</i> most commonly described. Utilizing hypothesis coding, AYA and caregivers explained how cognitive (i.e., pros/cons) and emotional (i.e., shock and fear of missing out) processes influenced cancer-related decisions. Coping strategies provided clarity and respite when engaged in decision-making. Our findings illuminate important implications for how to best support decision-making among AYA and caregivers, including the role oncology providers can play during decision-making.
Application of single probe correction file for multi-frequency spherical near-field antenna measurements (2016)

In this paper, applicability of using a single probe correction file for processing of multi-frequency results from spherical near-field antenna measurements is investigated. The investigation is carried out for typical probes, an open-ended rectangular waveguide and an open-ended chocked circular waveguide, and for aperture-type antennas under test of various electrical sizes with several distances to the probe. The obtained results show that due to small variation of the probe pattern with frequency, application of single probe correction file is possible in rather wide frequency range for many antennas under test with the resulting error remaining at very low level.
Identification of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Target Cells and Effects of Dexamethasone on Binding in Anterior Pituitary Using a Fluorescent Analog of CRF* (1986)

A fluorescein-conjugated bioactive analog of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was synthesized and used to label cells that have high affinity CRF-binding sites. Of cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells, 6.1 +/- 0.6% were visible by fluorescence microscopy after incubation with the analog. Fluorescence was eliminated by coincubation with a 200-fold excess of unlabeled CRF. Treatment with dexamethasone (10(-9)-10(-7) M) decreased visible fluorescence in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the utility of a fluorescent CRF analog for identification of cells with specific CRF-binding sites and suggest that binding of CRF to anterior pituitary cells is altered by glucocorticoids.
Using Benchmarks for Radiation Testing of Microprocessors and FPGAs (2015)

Performance benchmarks have been used over the years to compare different systems. These benchmarks can be useful for researchers trying to determine how changes to the technology, architecture, or compiler affect the system's performance. No such standard exists for systems deployed into high radiation environments, making it difficult to assess whether changes in the fabrication process, circuitry, architecture, or software affect reliability or radiation sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a benchmark suite for high-reliability systems that is designed for field-programmable gate arrays and microprocessors. We describe the development process and report neutron test data for the hardware and software benchmarks.
Targeting the hard to reach: challenges and novel strategies in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections (2016)

This article is part of a themed section on Drug Metabolism and Antibiotic Resistance in Micro-organisms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.14/issuetoc.
Tracking of Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Signals in Adverse Environments (1983)

Tracking requirements for a frequency-hopped spreadspectrum system with a view to application in mobile radio are investigated. Models characterizing Rician fading and multiple access or jamming environments are used to formulate signal detection probabilities. These determine the mean time to loss of lock. Optimized tracking in these environments is then considered.
Magnetic properties of Fe/Ti multilayered films for a magnetic recording medium (1989)

Films with combinations of Fe and Ti layers of various thicknesses (d/sub Fe/ of 10 approximately 1000 AA and d/sub Ti/ of 10 approximately 200 AA) have been prepared at Ar gas pressure of 2 mtorr in an apparatus with two pairs of facing-target sputtering sources. The total thickness of the Fe layers was fixed at 1000 AA for all specimen films. The saturation magnetization 4 pi M/sub s/ calculated from the expected total thickness of Fe layers decreased first gradually and then abruptly with d/sub Fe/, becoming almost zero at d/sub Fe/ of about 15 AA for all as-deposited films. The coercive force, H/sub c/, increased with decreasing d/sub Fe/, taking a maximum value of 270 Oe at d/sub Fe/ of 20 AA, and decreased abruptly with further decrease of d/sub Fe/. The films with modulation period of Fe(52 AA)/Ti(53 AA) which were annealed at temperatures above 200 degrees C had smaller 4 pi M than the as-deposited ones and H/sub c/ as high as 650 Oe at 230 approximately 325 degrees C. Films with this modulation period annealed at about 250 degrees C could be used as a magnetic recording medium because they have relatively large average 4 pi M/sub s/ of 4 kG, H/sub c/ of 650 Oe, moderate squareness of 0.7, and coercivity squareness of 0.8.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low-frequency Raman gain measurements using chirped pulse two-beam coupling (2002)

The limit in measuring the Raman gain at small frequency detunings using traditional techniques is determined by the requirement that the DC pump beam must be removed from the detection system. Low-frequency Raman gain measurements have been reported down to 6 cm/sup -1/ in glass fibers with interaction lengths of several hundred meters. Obviously this method is not applicable to other materials. Here we propose a novel method for measuring the Raman gain at low frequency mm sample lengths based on two beam coupling of chirped pulses. The frequency difference between the pump and probe beams in a pump-probe experiment thus depends on the time delay between the pulses, which in turn determines the two beam coupling. The experiment essentially consists of a noncollinear pump-probe system. The two-beam coupling between the pump and probe beams is due to a frequency difference between the beams.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition or PARP-1 gene deletion reduces angiogenesis (2007)

4623 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 has recently been shown to promote tumor progression through its transcriptional regulatory activity. Since angiogenesis is an essential requirement for tumor growth, we investigated whether PARP inhibition might affect endothelial cell functions and vessel formation. To this end, the effect of PARP inhibitors on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and on in vivo angiogenesis, using a matrigel plug assay, was assessed. For the in vitro studies we used an immortalized human endothelial cell line (HUV-ST), which displays all major endothelial phenotypes and forms tubule-like networks in response to stimuli by growth factors. The results indicated that the PARP inhibitor GPI 15427 (IC50 on endothelial PARP: 237 + 27 nM), at concentrations devoid of cytotoxic effects (0.5-1 uM), abrogated migration in response to vascular endothelail growth factor (VEGF) or placenta growth factor (PlGF) and hampered the ability of HUV-ST cells to form tubule-like networks. Moreover, the PARP inhibitor impaired in vivo angiogenesis as measured by the matrigel plug assay. The anti-angiogenic effect of the PARP inhibitor was confirmed in mice with PARP-1 gene deletion (PARP-1 KO), which displayed a defect of in vivo angiogenesis induced by growth factors. These results from studies using either PARP inhibitors of PARP-1 KO mice provide evidence for targeting PARP for anti-angiogenesis. The discovery adds novel therapeutic implications to the use of PARP inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Kahalalide K:  A New Cyclic Depsipeptide from the Hawaiian Green Alga Bryopsis Species (1999)

Kahalalide K (1), a new cyclic depsipeptide, was isolated from the Hawaiian green alga Bryopsis sp. Kahalalide K was determined to possess a new array of three L- and three D-amino acids, including a 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid that had been previously reported in kahalalides E, H, and J.