gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ease of Use of the Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL Pen Injector in Insulin-Naïve People With Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

The Gla-300 injector pen is easy to use and easy to learn to use, with demonstrable reliability and high degrees of acceptance and treatment satisfaction. Once-daily Gla-300 basal insulin treatment was well tolerated and effective in pen- and insulin-naïve adult T2DM subjects.
Interactively tracking seismic geobodies with a deep-learning flood-filling network (2020)

We have designed a deep-learning workflow to interactively track seismic geobodies. The algorithm is based on a flood-filling network, which performs iterative segmentation and moving the field of view (FoV). The proposed network takes the previous mask output, together with the seismic image in a new FoV, as a combined input to predict the mask at this FoV. The movement of the FoV is guided by the flood-filling algorithm to visit and segment the full extent of a geobody. Unlike conventional seismic image segmentation methods, the proposed workflow can not only detect geobodies, but it can also track individual geobody instances.
Investigating Thermal Stratification in a Hot Water Storage Tank during Charging Mode (2022)

Abstract Hot water storage (HWS) tanks are the sensible energy storage systems used to accumulate thermal energy in water for later use. In the present study, a vertical cylindrical HWS tank equipped with three heat exchanger coils to harness energy from different energy sources is numerically investigated. A 2-D axisymmetric model is developed in ANSYS Fluent to simulate and study the dynamic behavior of the HWS tank during charging. Three operating cases with one heating source functioning at a time are analyzed to determine the degree of thermal stratification. Transient temperature and velocity distributions are discussed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixing and stratification in each case. The results assist the design engineers and end-users in determining effective modes of HWS operation with maximum stratification, thus, system efficiency.
Experimental study of the stabilization of Tollmien–Schlichting waves by finite amplitude streaks (2005)

It has recently been found by using temporal and spatial numerical simulations that steady optimal streaks of moderate amplitude, i.e., sufficiently large but not exceeding the critical amplitude for the inflectional instability, are able to reduce the growth of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves up to their complete suppression. This investigation aims at experimentally verifying this stabilizing effect by generating stable and symmetric, close to sinusoidal, streaks of moderate amplitudes (∼12% of the free-stream velocity) by means of a spanwise array of cylindrical roughness elements. The three-dimensional (3D) streaky base flow is then subjected to a secondary instability generated through a spanwise slot in the plate by means of regulated blowing and suction. In this study the stabilizing role of the streaks on TS waves is unambiguously confirmed and by increasing the height of the roughness elements, thus inducing larger amplitude streaks, we are also able to show that the stabilizing action on the TS waves increases with the streak amplitude. These results are the first to confirm the numerical predictions reported in earlier works. The full cross-stream plane has been measured at different downstream positions allowing a complete evaluation and comparison of the different amplitude measures used in previous experimental works. Furthermore, theoretical impulse response analysis and stability calculations are applied to the present experimental streaky base flow enabling a qualitative comparison of the 3D modulated TS wave distribution.
A Switching Circulator: S-Band; Stripline; Remanent; 15 kilowatts; I0 microseconds; Temperature-Stable (1966)

A stripline, three-port remanence circulator switch has been designed for high-speed switching of time delay in a phased array RADAR at S-band (2.9 GHz). Special attention was devoted to minimizing switching time and energy through design of the magnetic circuit and suppression of eddy currents. Temperature stabilization of insertion phase was accomplished by means of a flux regulating magnetic circuit. Switching performance: time: less than 10 micro-seconds; energy: 450 microjoules. Circulator performance: bandwidth for >26 dB isolation, 8.9 percent; insertion loss, 0.35 dB. Temperature stability of insertion phase: one electrical degree per 10/spl deg/C. Peak RF power: 15 kW. The discussion includes details of the junction design and performance, techniques of eddy current suppression, temperature stabilization, and the method of switching energy measurements.
Two-tone suppression in the basilar membrane of the cochlea: mechanical basis of auditory-nerve rate suppression (1992)

1. The vibratory response to two-tone stimuli was measured in the basilar membrane of the chinchilla cochlea by means of the Mössbauer technique or laser velocimetry. Measurements were made at sites with characteristic frequency (CF, the frequency at which an auditory structure is most sensitive) of 7-10 kHz, located approximately 3.5 mm from the oval window. 2. Two-tone suppression (reduction in the response to one tone due to the presence of another) was demonstrated for CF probe tones and suppressor tones with frequencies both higher and lower than CF, at moderately low stimulus levels, including probe-suppressor combinations for which responses to the suppressor were lower than responses to the probe tone alone. 3. For a fixed suppressor tone, suppression magnitude decreased as a function of increasing probe intensity. 4. The magnitude of suppression increased monotonically with suppressor intensity. 5. The rate of growth of suppression magnitude with suppressor intensity was higher for suppressors in the region below CF than for those in the region above CF. 6. For low-frequency suppressor tones, suppression magnitude varied periodically, attaining one or two maxima within each period of the suppressor tone. 7. Suppression was frequency tuned: for either above-CF or below-CF suppressor tones, suppression magnitude reached a maximum for probe frequencies near CF. 8. Cochlear damage or death diminished or abolished suppression. There was a clear positive correlation between magnitude of suppression and basilar-membrane sensitivity for responses to CF tones. 9. Suppression tended to be accompanied by small phase lags in responses to CF probe tones. 10. Because all of the features of two-tone suppression at the basilar membrane match qualitatively (and, generally, also quantitatively) the features of two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers, it is concluded that neural two-tone rate suppression originates in mechanical phenomena at the basilar membrane. 11. Because the lability of mechanical suppression parallels the loss of sensitivity and frequency tuning due to outer hair cell dysfunction, the present findings suggest that mechanical two-tone suppression arises from an interaction between the outer hair cells and the basilar membrane.
General Principles of Electrochemistry (2013)

In any discussion on applications of electrochemical technology, it is important to first review the fundamentals of electrochemistry so that what follows can be viewed in an appropriate light. In this document where the focus is on supercapacitor technology, in particular the materials and electrochemical mechanisms they undergo, a fundamental understanding of the relevant electrochemical principles is essential. Therefore, what follows is a discussion on three very relevant aspects of electrochemistry; namely, equilibrium electrochemistry, ionics, and dynamic electrochemistry.
Preference for hip protectors among older adults at high risk for osteoporotic fractures. (2006)

When presented with tradeoffs between hip protectors and bisphosphonates, the majority of community-dwelling older adults at high risk for fracture prefer the latter. Of note, however, many of the participants in this study were current bisphosphonate users. Future trials and education programs should consider targeting respondents preferring to manage health problems using nonpharmacologic treatment approaches since, based on the results of this study, adherence and proper use of hip protectors is expected to be higher among these patients.
Assessment of induction machines rotor fault severity by different approaches (2005)

The spectral components at frequencies (1plusmn2s)f of stator current are commonly used to assess induction machines rotor conditions in the motor current signature analysis (MCSA) diagnostic procedure. The sum of the amplitudes of these two components can be used as a reliable diagnostic index. A further step is the quantification of the fault severity, i.e. the definition of an asymmetry factor, able to link the diagnostic index to the number of contiguous broken bars. The quantification of the fault severity is a key item, that is not yet fully established. Several machine models were used to this aim: dynamic deep models for faulty cage machines, like mesh rotor models; d-q or symmetrical instantaneous components models. The latter is preferred as it requires a lower number of parameters. Moreover if system constraints don't allow speed ripple as a consequence of the torque unbalance due to rotor asymmetry, only the component at frequency (1--2s)f appears and steady-state forward-backward models can be used in order to compute this component. In this case analytical relationships can be developed under suitable assumptions. A simple asymmetry factor may be the definition of an equivalent additional resistance DeltaR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> linked to the number of contiguous broken bars. In this paper some proposals reported in the literature about the quantization of DeltaR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> or about the diagnostic index are reviewed and compared with reference to the case of one broken bar. Experiments prove the effectiveness of the authors' proposal
A CMOS Low Noise, Chopper Stabilized Low-Dropout Regulator With Current-Mode Feedback Error Amplifier (2008)

Low 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise, low-dropout (LDO) regulators are becoming critical for the supply regulation of deep-submicron analog baseband and RF system-on-chip designs. A low-noise, high accuracy LDO regulator (LN-LDO) utilizing a chopper stabilized error amplifier is presented. In order to achieve fast response during load transients, a current-mode feedback amplifier (CFA) is designed as a second stage driving the regulation FET. In order to reduce clock feed-through and 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise accumulation at the chopping frequency, a first-order digital SigmaDelta noise-shaper is used for chopping clock spectral spreading. With up to 1 MHz noise-shaped modulation clock, the LN-LDO achieves a noise spectral density of 32 nV/radic(Hz) and a PSR of 38 dB at 100 kHz. The proposed LDO is shown to reduce the phase noise of an integrated 32 MHz temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) at 10 kHz offset by 15 dB. Due to reduced 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise requirements, the error amplifier silicon area is reduced by 75%, and the overall regulator area is reduced by 50% with respect to an equivalent noise static regulator. The current-mode feedback second stage buffer reduces regulator settling time by 60% in comparison to an equivalent power consumption voltage mode buffer, achieving 0.6 mus settling time for a 25-mA load step. The LN-LDO is designed and fabricated on a 0.25 mum CMOS process with five layers of metal, occupying 0.88 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Complete genome sequence of Chitinophaga pinensis type strain (UQM 2034T) (2010)

Chitinophaga pinensis Sangkhobol and Skerman 1981 is the type strain of the species which is the type species of the rapidly growing genus Chitinophaga in the sphingobacterial family 'Chitinophagaceae'. Members of the genus Chitinophaga vary in shape between filaments and spherical bodies without the production of a fruiting body, produce myxospores, and are of special interest for their ability to degrade chitin. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. This is the first complete genome sequence of a member of the family 'Chitinophagaceae', and the 9,127,347 bp long single replicon genome with its 7,397 protein-coding and 95 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
Advanced 3D EM Simulation Environment for Development, Testing, and Usage of Medical Microwave Imaging Devices (2019)

Recently, microwave imaging has been envisioned as an important complimentary tool in medical diagnostics, besides golden standards in this field, such as CT scan and MRI. However, in order to achieve performances that qualify this technology to be translated from research bench to patient bedside, we need advanced 3D EM simulation environment. As a base for such environment we started from commercial, general purpose 3D EM solver WIPL-D Pro and its CAD variant. In addition, we added libraries of a) tissue properties, b) antenna models c) models of the antenna arrays/systems, d) models of parts of human body (phantoms), and e) scenarios that combine antennas and phantoms to emulate practical usage of microwave imaging devices. Special procedures/new options are developed to enable easy creation and fast and accurate analysis of new libraries' components. The effectiveness of such 3D EM simulation environment will be illustrated on a number of practical examples.
A review on g-C3N4/graphene nanocomposites: multifunctional roles of graphene in the nanohybrid photocatalyst toward photocatalytic applications (2021)

Schematic representation of the g-C 3 N 4 /graphene hybrid photocatalyst.
(EDT-TTF-CONH2)6[Re6Se8(CN)6], a Metallic Kagome-Type Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Compound:  Electronic Instability, Molecular Motion, and Charge Localization (2005)

(EDT-TTF-CONH2)6[Re6Se8(CN)6], space group R, was prepared by electrocrystallization from the primary amide-functionalized ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene, EDT-TTF-CONH2 (E(1/2)1 = 0.49 V vs SCE in CH3CN), and the molecular cluster tetraanion, [Re6Se8(CN)6]4- (E(1/2) = 0.33 V vs SCE in CH3CN), equipped with hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor functionalities, respectively. Its Kagome topology is unprecedented for any TTF-based materials. The metallic state observed at room temperature has a strong two-dimensional character, in coherence with the Kagome lattice symmetry, and the presence of minute amounts of [Re6Se8(CN)6](3-)* identified by electron spin spectroscopy. A structural instability toward a distorted form of the Kagome topology of lesser symmetry is observed at ca. 180 K. The low-temperature structure is associated with a localized, electrically insulating electronic ground state and its magnetic susceptibility accounted for by a model of uniform chains of localized S = 1/2 spins in agreement with the 100 K triclinic crystal structure and band structure calculations. A sliding motion, within one out of the three (EDT-TTF-CONH2)2 dimers coupled to the [Re6Se8(CN6)(3-)*]/[Re6Se8(CN6)4-] proportion at any temperature, and the electronic ground state of the organic-inorganic hybrid material are analyzed on the basis of ESR, dc conductivity, 1H spin-lattice relaxation, and static susceptibility data which qualify a Mott localization in [EDT-TTF-CONH2]6[Re6Se8(CN)6]. The coupling between the metal-insulator transition and a structural transition allows for the lifting of a degeneracy due to the ternary axis in the high temperature, strongly correlated metallic phase which, in turn, leads to Heisenberg chains at low temperature.
Higher-order rich-club phenomenon in collaborative research grant networks (2023)

Abstract Modern scientific work, including writing papers and submitting research grant proposals, increasingly involves researchers from different institutions. In grant collaborations, it is known that institutions involved in many collaborations tend to densely collaborate with each other, forming rich clubs. Here we investigate higher-order rich-club phenomena in networks of collaborative research grants among institutions and their associations with research impact. Using publicly available data from the National Science Foundation in the US, we construct a bipartite network of institutions and collaborative grants, which distinguishes among the collaboration with different numbers of institutions. By extending the concept and algorithms of the rich club for dyadic networks to the case of bipartite networks, we find rich clubs both in the entire bipartite network and the bipartite subnetwork induced by the collaborative grants involving a given number of institutions up to five. We also find that the collaborative grants within rich clubs tend to be more impactful in a per-dollar sense than the control. Our results highlight advantages of collaborative grants among the institutions in the rich clubs.
New Trends in the Development of Transcription Factor Decoy (TFD) Pharmacotherapy (2004)

Many recent published observations firmly demonstrate that one of the ways to study and artificially modulate gene expression at the transcriptional level is offered by the "transcription factor decoy" (TFD) strategy. This experimental approach is based on the competition for trans-acting factors between endogenous cis-elements present within regulatory regions of target genes and exogenously added DNA sequences (the DNA-based drug) mimicking the specific cis-elements. The objective of this molecular intervention is to cause a decrease of the interactions of trans-factors with the target genomic cis-elements, leading to alteration of transcription. The characterisation of the biological activity of the designed decoy molecules is routinely assessed by molecular technologies, such as electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay (EMSA), competitive DNase I footprinting, in vitro transcription. New advances in this field employ biospecific interaction analysis (BIA) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biosensor technology. With respect to the design of the decoy biomolecules, in addition to double-stranded DNA/DNA hybrids, cross-linking between two DNA molecules either via photocrosslinking or by the introduction of a covalently linked, non-nucleotide bridge has been reported. Furthermore, RNA decoys have been described able to bind transcription factors via aptameric interactions. In addition, circular decoys assuming a dumbbell configuration or single-stranded decoys with intramolecular palindromic sequences have also been described. Decoy molecules were also produced by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). More recently, peptide nucleic acids-DNA chimeras have been shown to exhibit decoy activity and high level of stability. This variety of decoy biomolecules facilitate the establishment of suitable delivery approaches, including pressure-mediated transfer, electrically enhanced transfer, biolistic bombardment, cationic liposomes, hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposomes, microsphere-aided delivery, nano-particles, peptide-mediated delivery, steroid mediated gene transfer, and red-blood cells.
Inhibiting ULK1 kinase decreases autophagy and cell viability in high-grade serous ovarian cancer spheroids. (2020)

Metastasis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) occurs through an unconventional route that involves exfoliation of cancer cells from primary tumors and peritoneal dissemination via multicellular clusters or spheroids. Previously, we demonstrated autophagy induction in HGSOC spheroids grown <i>in vitro</i> and in spheroids collected from ovarian cancer patient ascites; thus, we speculate that autophagy may contribute to spheroid cell survival and overall disease progression. Hence, in this study we sought to evaluate whether ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase-1), a serine-threonine kinase critical for stress-induced autophagy, is important for autophagy regulation in HGSOC spheroids. We demonstrate that HGSOC spheroids have increased ULK1 protein expression that parallels autophagy activation. <i>ULK1</i> knockdown increased p62 accumulation and decreased LC3-II/I ratio in HGSOC spheroids. In addition, knocking down ATG13, a protein that regulates ULK1 activity via complex formation, phenocopied our ULK1 knockdown results. HGSOC spheroids were blocked in autophagic flux due to <i>ULK1</i> and <i>ATG13</i> knockdown as determined by an mCherry-eGFP-LC3B fluorescence reporter. These observations were recapitulated when HGSOC spheroids were treated with an ULK1 kinase inhibitor, MRT68921. Autophagy regulation in normal human fallopian tube epithelial FT190 cells, however, may bypass ULK1, since MRT68921 reduced viability in HGSOC spheroids but not in FT190 cells. Interestingly, <i>ULK1</i> mRNA expression is negatively correlated with patient survival among stage III and stage IV serous ovarian cancer patients. As we observed using established HGSOC cell lines, cultured spheroids using our new, patient-derived HGSOC cells were also sensitive to ULK1 inhibition and demonstrated reduced cell viability to MRT68921 treatment. These results demonstrate the importance of ULK1 for autophagy induction in HGSOC spheroids and therefore justifies further evaluation of MRT68921, and other novel ULK1 inhibitors, as potential therapeutics against metastatic HGSOC.
Linfoma cerebral en paciente postrasplante renal (2009)

"El linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (LPSNC) ha tenido un aumento en la incidencia en los últimos 40 años asociado con estados de inmunosupresión, principalmente en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y con trasplante de órganos. La tumorogénesis se relaciona con el virus de Epstein Barr (VEB). El inmunofenotipo más frecuente es el linfoma de células B. Las manifestaciones clínicas son dependientes de la localización de la masa tumoral, principalmente trastornos del comportamiento y síndrome de hipertensión endocraneana. El diagnóstico diferencial etiológico se hace con procesos infecciosos, enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV), tumores primarios gliales del sistema nervioso central y metástasis cerebrales. Al diagnóstico se llega a través de imágenes diagnósticas principalmente resonancia magnética (RM ) cerebral y con estudio histopatológico. Es importante descartar infección por VIH al hacerse diagnóstico de LPSNC. En esta revisión reportamos un linfoma primario del SNC en una paciente con antecedente de trasplante renal por enfermedad poliquística ocho años antes."
Zeta potential shifting nanoemulsions comprising single and gemini tyrosine-based surfactants (2023)

Nanoemulsions containing tyrosine-based surfactants represent promising zeta potential shifting nanocarrier systems targeting tyrosine phosphatase secreting bacteria.