gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micron-Scale NV-NMR Spectroscopy with Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (2021)

Optically probed nitrogen-vacancy (NV)) quantum defects in diamond can detect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals with high-spectral resolution from micron-scale sample volumes of about 10 pl. However, a key challenge for NV-NMR spectroscopy is detecting samples at millimolar concentrations.
Additive manufacturing of silicon carbide by selective laser sintering of PA12 powders and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (2021)

In this work, we propose a novel hybrid additive manufacturing technique, which combines selective laser sintering (SLS) of polyamide powders and subsequent preceramic polymer infiltration and pyrolysis to manufacture Silicon Carbide components for complex architectures. By controlling the porosity of the sintered polymeric preform we are able to control the shrinkage upon the first infiltration and pyrolysis. This enabled the manufacturing of smaller features than those achievable with other manufacturing techniques. The mechanical strength of the resulting ceramic increased with the number of reinfiltration cycles up to 24 MPa, inversely the residual porosity decreased to 10 vol%. The microstructure showed two distinct phases of SiOC and SiC. The first was attributed to the interaction between the porous polyamide and the ceramic precursor during the first infiltration. SiC derived from the pyrolysis of the preceramic precursor alone.
Six years on — what happened to the Dublin principles? (1998)

In 1992, Dublin was the setting for the International Conference on Water and the Environment. Attended by the great and the good from governments and major agencies, the Conference issued a statement which neatly encapsulates the principles and policies which guide the W&S sector. But are these principles being implemented effectively — or are they nothing more than Irish mist?
The Forefront for Novel Therapeutic Agents Based on the Pathophysiology of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Pathophysiology of Voiding Dysfunction and Pharmacological Therapy (2010)

Normal lower urinary tract function consists of voiding and storage. During voiding, the pontine micturition reflex center orders the sacral parasympathetic nucleus to increase parasympathetic activity, resulting in urinary bladder detrusor contraction via activation of post-synaptic muscarinic receptors (M2/3) and in the relaxation of both urethral and prostatic smooth muscle by nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the rhabdosphincter relaxes by inhibition of the pudendal nucleus at the sacral portion. During the storage phase, increase in sympathetic activity relaxes the urinary bladder via activation of post-synaptic beta(3)-receptors and in the contraction of both urethral and prostatic smooth muscles via alpha(1)-adrenoceptor. Many factors influence voiding function, including lower urinary tract disorders (benign prostatic hyperplasia in males, urethral stricture) and neurological disorders (central and peripheral). Theories of pharmacotherapy for voiding dysfunction are 1) increase detrusor contractility and 2) decrease urethral resistance. The former includes agonists for muscarinic receptors and cholinesterase inhibitor; and the latter includes alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists, NO donors, benzodiazepines, baclofen, dantrolene, and boturinum toxin.
Burst mode control and switched-capacitor converters losses (2016)

The feasibility of applying burst mode control in regulation of classical switched-capacitor converters is reevaluated. The results show that contrary to switched inductor based converters, this simple and easy to implement control has no efficiency advantage in terms of conduction losses over frequency modulation control when used to regulate classical switched-capacitor based converters. It is expected, however, that the burst mode could be viable for very low power applications in reducing biasing and housekeeping associated losses if reduced during the burst off time.
Strain-Stiffening Response in Transient Networks Formed by Reverse Wormlike Micelles (2008)

Strain-stiffening, that is, an increase in material stiffness at large deformations, is a property of many biological materials. Currently, model systems for the study of this phenomenon are elastic networks (gels) of semiflexible filamentous biopolymers such as actin, keratin, or fibrin. Here, we demonstrate strain-stiffening in a class of viscoelastic solutions, comprising reverse wormlike micelles. These structures are formed by the coassembly of the physiological surfactants, lecithin and bile salt, in an organic solvent, cyclohexane. In contrast to the biopolymer gels, the networks here are transient and are formed by the physical entanglement of relatively flexible worms. Our results suggest that neither a permanent network nor a high filament rigidity is required for strain-stiffening. We suggest a different origin, based on a temporary strain-induced increase in the volume fraction of entangled worms. Our system can also serve as a convenient synthetic model for future studies into this phenomenon.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐STYRYL‐4‐METHOXY‐2‐PYRIDON‐DERIVATE (1972)

Abstract Die N‐Aryl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐carbäthoxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridone (I) lassen sich mit Dimethylsulfat in Aceton und in Gegenwart von K 2 CO 3 in 70%iger Ausbeute zu den 4‐Methoxyderivaten (II) umsetzen, die mit aromatischen Aldehyden in Gegenwart von Natriumäthylat unter gleichzeitiger Verseifung in 47 ‐ 76%iger Ausbeute die Styrylpyridone (III) ergeben.
Large-scale silicon photonics integrated circuits for interconnect and telecom applications (2013)

This paper describes recent progress in silicon photonics integration technology and related developments in interconnect and telecom applications.
Surface Tailoring of 3D Scaffolds to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation (2023)

Customized bone scaffolds with osteogenic activities are desired for the regenerative repair of large-scale or irregularly shaped bone defects. This study developed a facile method to create osteogenic surfaces on three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds through coating-induced mineralization. The coating was synthesized using chemical vapor deposition of a polyelectrolyte containing oppositely charged groups. The opposite charges on the 3D scaffold played a crucial role in promoting the formation of nanoapatites without agglomeration, resulting in the retention of micro- and nanoscale pore openings needed for preosteoblasts to proliferate, differentiate, and migrate. The nanoapatite scaffold exhibited significant enhancement in osteoinductivity with a 107% increase in alkaline phosphatase expression and a 163% increase in osteocalcin activity compared to the pristine scaffold. The nanoapatite scaffold provided cues for preosteoblasts to grow along aligned features and migrate collectively. The findings of this study demonstrate the synergistic effect of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and mineralized nanoapatites on promoting osteogenic activities on scaffold surfaces.
Assessment of somatosensory sensitivity and activity of the electroencephalogram using body surface electrical stimulation in virtual reality environments (2020)

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess Virtual Reality (VR) based visual auditory stimulation can relieve pain. To achieve this, the impact that body surface electrical stimulation has on the body surface potentials and activity in the central nervous system in VR environments were extracted. Twenty‐two adults participated in this study. The body surface potentials and Electroencephalogram frequencies were measured under various conditions: non‐viewing, viewing neutral clips, viewing unpleasant clips, and viewing pleasant clips. The pain index was calculated from the body surface potentials. Participants were asked to complete subjective pain measurement scales. Results showed that the pain index and the relative subjective pain score decreased when presented with unpleasant and pleasant video clips. The incidence of alpha waves declined when presented with unpleasant clips, while the incidence of beta waves increased when presented with unpleasant and pleasant video clips. Inattentiveness to pain due to VR immersion and descending pain inhibition due to awareness of emotional stress after viewing VR clips were considered to have contributed to the decline in the pain index and in relative subjective pain score. This study suggests that it is possible to relieve pain by VR viewing related to unpleasant or pleasant.
Reversion of Resistance of Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line SGC7901/DDP to Cisplatin by amiRNA-Snai1 and its Possible Mechanism (2012)

Background: Development of multidrug resistance is a major deterrent in the effective treatment of cancers by chemotherapy.Emerging evidences suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) mediated by zinc finger transcription factor Snai1 might contribute to chemoresistance in cancer cells.Aims: To investigate the effect of artificial microRNA-Snai1(amiRNA-Snai1) in reversing resistance of human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/DDP to cisplatin(DDP) and its possible mechanism.Methods: SGC7901/DDP cell lines stably transfected with amiRNA-Snai1 plasmid(SGC7901/DDP-amiRNA group) or negative control plasmid(SGC7901/DDP-Mock group) were constructed,respectively.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the protein expressions of Snai1,drug resistance gene ERCC1,and E-cadherin,the downstream target of Snai1 in transfected and untransfected cells.Survival rates of cells treated with DDP at different concentrations(0.01,0.1,1.0,and 10.0 mg/L) were assessed by CCK-8 assay and the 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50) of DDP was calculated.Results: Expression level of Snai1 protein in DDP-resistant SGC7901/DDP cells was significantly higher than that in DDP-sensitive parent SGC7901 cells(P0.05).Expression levels of Snai1 and ERCC1 proteins were significantly decreased,and that of E-cadherin protein was significantly increased in SGC7901/DDP-amiRNA group than in SGC7901/DDP-Mock group(P0.05),and the fluorescence intensities of these proteins were concordant with their expression levels.IC50 of DDP was significantly lower in SGC7901/DDP-amiRNA group than in SGC7901/DDP-Mock group(P0.05).Conclusions: Silencing Snai1 gene by amiRNA-Snai1 may reverse resistance of human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/DDP to DDP through down-regulating ERCC1 expression and up-regulating E-cadherin expression.
Fluctuation relation for a polar rod self-propelled through a granular monolayer (2010)

A geometrically polar granular rod confined in 2-D geometry, subjected to a sinusoidal vertical oscillation, undergoes noisy self-propulsion in a direction determined by its polarity. When surrounded by a medium of crystalline spherical beads, it displays substantial negative fluctuations in its velocity. We find that the large deviation function (LDF) for the normalized velocity is strongly non-Gaussian with a kink at zero velocity, and that the antisymmetric part of the LDF is linear, resembling the fluctuation relation known for entropy production, even when the velocity distribution is clearly non-Gaussian. We extract an analogue of the phase space contraction rate and find that it compares well with an independent estimate based on the persistence of forward and reverse velocities.
Characterization of Resident Corneal Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Their Pivotal Role in Herpes Simplex Keratitis (2020)

The presence and potential functions of resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in peripheral tissues is unclear. We report that pDCs constitutively populate naïve corneas and are increased during sterile injuries or acute herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis. Their local depletion leads to severe clinical disease, nerve loss, viral dissemination to the trigeminal ganglion and draining lymph nodes, and mortality, while their local adoptive transfer limits disease. pDCs are the main source of HSV-1-induced IFN-α in the corneal stroma through TLR9, and they prevent re-programming of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to effector ex-Tregs. Clinical signs of infection are observed in pDC-depleted corneas, but not in pDC-sufficient corneas, following low-dose HSV-1 inoculation, suggesting their critical role in corneal antiviral immunity. Our findings demonstrate a vital role for corneal pDCs in the control of local viral infections.
Single Error Correcting Finite Field Multipliers Over GF(2m) (2008)

This paper presents a new method for designing single error correcting Galois field multipliers over polynomial basis. The proposed method uses multiple parity prediction circuits to detect and correct logic errors and gives 100% fault coverage both in the functional unit and the parity prediction circuitry. Area, power and delay overhead for the proposed design technique is analyzed. It is found that compared to the traditional triple modular redundancy (TMR) techniques for single error correction the proposed technique is very cost efficient.
[A case of anal metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer in a long-term survivor who had repeated local excisions]. (2010)

A 72-year-old man underwent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer in January 1999. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, tub 2, SS, ly2, v2, N1, H0, P0, M0, Stage IIIa, cur A. In March 2001, he complained of an anal bleeding and underwent colonoscopy. It showed a submucosal tumor 15 mm in diameter at the anal canal and the biopsy indicated a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. This tumor was suspected of metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer and transanal resection was performed in May 2001. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was the same histological type as primary sigmoid colon cancer, tub 2, A, ly2, v2, RM0. The diagnosis of anal metastasis was made on the basis of three points. First, tumor was covered with anal epithelium. Secondly, there were severe lymphatic and venous involvements. Thirdly, there were no findings of other primary anal cancer. By removing anal canal metastases twice, inguinal lymph node metastases three times and lung metastases in each time, he survived for 11 years after a primary surgery. We reported here because it was a very interesting and rare case that the patient was cancer-free after surgeries as many as seven times.
CT of the normal suspensory ligaments of the ossicles in the middle ear. (1997)

CT scans are more likely to show the malleal than the incudal ligaments. Although the interobserver agreement was statistically significant for most study parameters, the percentage of agreement above that expected by chance was low. When seen, the ligaments usually appeared complete. Understanding the normal range of appearance may help identify abnormalities of the ligaments and tendons of the middle ear.
ENHANCED GRAIN CROP YIELD MONITOR ACCURACY THROUGH SENSOR FUSION AND POST-PROCESSING ALGORITHMS (2006)

Yield monitors have become an indispensable part of precision agriculture systemsbecause of their ability to measure the yield variability. Accurate yield monitor data availabilityis essential for the assessment of farm practices. The current technology of measuring grainyields is prone to errors that can be attributed to mass flow variations caused by the mechanismswithin a grain combine. Because of throughput variations, there are doubts regarding thecorrelation between the mass flow measurement and the actual grain volume produced at aspecific location. Another inaccuracy observed in yield monitor data can be attributed to inexactcut-widths values entered by the machine operator.To effectively address these yield monitor errors, two crop mass flow sensing deviceswere developed and used to correct yield monitor data. The two quantities associated with cropmaterial mass flow that were sensed were tension on the feeder housing drive chain and thehydraulic pressure on the threshing cylinder's variable speed drive. Both sensing approacheswere capable of detecting zero mass flow conditions better than the traditional grain mass flowsensor. The alternative sensors also operate without being adversely affected by materialtransport delays. The feeder housing-based sensor was more sensitive to variations in cropmaterial throughput than the hydraulic pressure sensor. Crop mass flow is not a surrogate forgrain mass flow because of a weak relationship (R2 andlt; 0.60) between the two quantities. The cropmass flow signal does denote the location and magnitude of material throughput variations intothe combine. This delineation was used to redistribute grain mass flow by aligning grain andcrop mass flow transitions using sensor fusion techniques. Significant improvements (?? = 0.05)in yield distribution profile were found after the correction was applied.To address the cut-width entry error, a GIS-based post-processing algorithm wasdeveloped to calculate the true harvest area for each yield monitor data point. Based on theresults of this method, a combine operator can introduce yield calculation errors of 15%. Whenthese two correction methods applied to yield monitor data, the result is yield maps withdramatically improved yield estimates and enhanced spatial accuracy.
Variazioni della concentrazione di ATP e della attività ATPasica in afidi esposti a campi elettromagnetici pulsati (1988)

Variazioni della concentrazione di ATP e della attività ATPasica in afidi esposti a campi elettromagnetici pulsati
Design techniques for highly efficient class-F amplifiers driven by low voltage supplies (2002)

The present paper provides design techniques for highly efficient microwave power amplifiers driven by low voltage power supplies. Main power amplifier design variables, such as conduction angle and fundamental and harmonic load impedance terminations, are studied, to enable the selection of the optimum parameter set under small voltage operating conditions. Theoretical predicted conclusions are then validated with a practical S-band GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit, MMIC, class-F power amplifier.
Static and dynamicXY-like short-range order in a frustrated magnet with exchange disorder (2016)

A single crystal of the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{based}$ pyrochlore ${\mathrm{NaCaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{7}$ was studied by inelastic neutron scattering. This frustrated magnet with quenched exchange disorder remains in a strongly correlated paramagnetic state down to 1/60th of the Curie-Weiss temperature. Below ${T}_{f}=2.4$ K, diffuse elastic scattering develops and comprises $30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}%$ of the total magnetic scattering, as expected for ${J}_{\text{eff}}=1/2$ moments frozen on a time scale that exceeds $\ensuremath{\hbar}/\ensuremath{\delta}E=3.8$ ps. The diffuse scattering is consistent with short range $XY$ antiferromagnetism with a correlation length of 16 \AA{}. The momentum $(\mathbit{Q})$ dependence of the inelastic intensity indicates relaxing $XY$-like antiferromagnetic clusters at energies below $\ensuremath{\sim}5.5$ meV, and collinear antiferromagnetic fluctuations above this energy. The relevant $XY$ configurations form a continuous manifold of symmetry-related states. Contrary to well-known models that produce this continuous manifold, order-by-disorder does not select an ordered state in ${\mathrm{NaCaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{7}$ despite evidence for weak $(\ensuremath{\sim}12%)$ exchange disorder. Instead, ${\mathrm{NaCaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{7}$ freezes into short range ordered clusters that span this manifold.
Development of a stacked WCSP package platform using TSV (Through Silicon Via) technology (2012)

To enable the miniaturization, electrical performance and heterogeneous functionality needs for emerging Analog applications, a stacked Wafer-level Chip Scale Package (WCSP) package platform has been developed using Through-Silicon Via (TSV) technology. This allows stacking of ICs, MEMS, passives and other components in the vertical direction onto active or passive TSV wafers, to create innovative System-in-Package (SiP) product solutions. Since Analog devices are small in size and cost is a key care about, a careful selection of the integration flow is required to achieve a low cost packaging solution. In this work, an integration flow for the stacked WCSP package is presented, along with development details for the Chip-on-Wafer (CoW) bonding and wafer overmolding unit processes. The test vehicle was 3mm × 3mm in size and used 25u diameter Cu TSVs in a 200mm diameter wafer. Interconnect reliability evaluations were done with different micro-bump Under Bump Metallurgy (UBM) and TSV tip surface finish metallization combinations. Wafer ovemolding development included warpage, saw and adhesion evaluations with multiple mold materials. A back-end assembly flow was established with a mass reflow bonding process and an overmold material with low CTE and intermediate T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> and modulus. Samples were prepared with mold-on-die and exposed die package structures. Excellent time-zero yields were obtained, with an average TSV micro-bump interconnect resistance of 25 mohms. Results and failures modes from preliminary reliability testing are included.
Thermodynamic and Modeling Study ofn-Octane,n-Nonane, andn-Decane Films on MgO(100) (2016)

The thermodynamic properties of n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane adsorbed on the MgO(100) surface were investigated using high-resolution, volumetric adsorption isotherms in the temperature ranges of 225–295, 245–280, and 250–310 K, respectively. Two distinct molecular layers were observed in all isotherms. The heat, differential enthalpy, differential entropy, and isosteric heat of adsorption were determined. The temperature dependence of the two-dimensional compressibility was used to identify that two-phase transitions occur for the first and second layers, respectively. The average area per molecule of 137 ± 5,128 ± 5, and 202 ± 5 Å2 for octane, nonane, and decane, respectively, suggests that the carbon backbone is preferentially oriented parallel to the MgO(100) surface. A substantial set of molecular dynamics (MD) temperature and coverage runs for all three molecules using the COMPASS force field were used to calculate both the minimum energy configurations for individual molecules and near-completed layers on the MgO(100) surface. These calculations support the thermodynamic evidence of the carbon backbone oriented parallel to the surface and additionally suggest a preferential alignment of the molecule along the ⟨11⟩ and ⟨10⟩ directions in the surface (100) plane. The MD simulations were used to evaluate the distribution of the molecules perpendicular to the MgO(100) surface as a function of temperature and nominal surface coverage. Evidence is also recorded that suggests that the interface broadens, the orientational order decreases, and liquid-like layers appear as the temperature is increased. As observed previously with the behavior of heptane on MgO(100), an entropic contribution to the free energy is apparent as a result of the odd number of carbon atoms in the nonane backbone. The near surface layer of all three molecules appears to remain orientationally ordered (i.e., noticeably more planar) and stabilized (i.e., more solid-like) at substantially higher temperatures when the second and third layers are observed to be liquid-like. This observation is consistent with earlier experimental observation of rare gases and alkanes on graphite that indicate that the near-surface layer melts at temperatures above the bulk melting temperature.