gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft Pneumatic Actuator Fascicles for High Force and Reliability (2016)

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) are found in mobile robots, assistive wearable devices, and rehabilitative technologies. While soft actuators have been one of the most crucial elements of technology leading the development of the soft robotics field, they fall short of force output and bandwidth requirements for many tasks. In addition, other general problems remain open, including robustness, controllability, and repeatability. The <i>SPA-pack</i> architecture presented here aims to satisfy these standards of reliability crucial to the field of soft robotics, while also improving the basic performance capabilities of SPAs by borrowing advantages leveraged ubiquitously in biology; namely, the structured parallel arrangement of lower power actuators to form the basis of a larger and more powerful actuator module. An SPA-pack module consisting of a number of smaller SPAs will be studied using an analytical model and physical prototype. Experimental measurements show an SPA pack to generate over 112 N linear force, while the model indicates the benefit of parallel actuator grouping over a geometrically equivalent single SPA scale as an increasing function of the number of individual actuators in the group. For a module of four actuators, a 23% increase in force production over a volumetrically equivalent single SPA is predicted and validated, while further gains appear possible up to 50%. These findings affirm the advantage of utilizing a fascicle structure for high-performance soft robotic applications over existing monolithic SPA designs. An example of high-performance soft robotic platform will be presented to demonstrate the capability of SPA-pack modules in a complete and functional system.
HART, a heterogeneous architecture for real-time prototyping, development and implementation of machine vision applications (2002)

We describe the motivations behind a generic image processing and computer vision platform that emphasises the integration of rapid algorithm development within a graphical front end and turn-key end use. A new modular, scaleable architecture is developed to address the problems of tractable implementation and evolved to match the requirements of dynamic scene analysis and understanding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glycosylation of Quercetin with Cultured Plant Cells and Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (2014)

Quercetin was glucosylated by cultured plant cells of lpomoea batatas to its 3- and 7-O-beta-D-glucosides, and 3,7-O-beta-D-diglucoside. On the other hand, further glycosylation of quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase gave the 3-O-beta-maltoside, 3-O-beta-maltotrioside, and 3-O-[beta-maltotetraosides of quercetin.
Scaleable Production of Adenoviral Vectors by Transfection of Adherent PER.C6 Cells (2007)

Recombinant adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors that are being evaluated in many gene therapy and vaccine applications. Methods for rapid production of ca. 10(12)-10(13) virus particles (VPs) are desired to enable rapid initial evaluation of such vectors. For this purpose, a scalable transfection procedure was developed for production of an adenovirus type 5 vector expressing HIV-1 gag gene (MRKAd5gag). Adherent PER.C6 cells were transfected by calcium phosphate coprecipitation of the linearized, 36 kb adenovirus plasmid in disposable culture vessels. Various process variables including precipitate formation time, DNA concentration, and harvest time were investigated to rapidly achieve desired virus yields using an adenovirus plasmid encoding the green fluorescent protein (pAd5gfp). Using an optimized procedure, consistent production of >5 x 10(10) VPs per 1-tray Nunc cell factory (NCF) with a ratio of infectious units to virus particles of >1:10 was obtained for the MRKAd5gag vector. This scaleable process can be used to produce adenoviral vectors using several 1-tray NCFs or a single multiple-tray NCF within 1 month from the time of plasmid construction.
Genome-Wide Association Scan Identifies Variants near Matrix Metalloproteinase ( MMP ) Genes on Chromosome 11q21–22 Strongly Associated With Serum MMP-1 Levels (2009)

This study provides strong evidence that the serum MMP-1 level is highly heritable and that SNPs near MMPs on chromosome 11q explain a significant portion of the variation in MMP-1 levels. Identification of the genetic variants that influence MMP-1 levels may provide insights into genetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.
Improved modulation techniques for PWM-VSI drives (1997)

PWM-VSI based AC motor drives have two main problems. The inverter is nonlinear which causes instability problems in some specific working points of the AC machine and it emits acoustic noise due to the switching frequency. Nonlinearities like dead-time in the inverter, load dependent DC-link voltage ripple and the voltage drop across the switches are modeled and compensated by improved modulation techniques in order to obtain an almost ideal inverter. Different feedback and feedforward techniques are proposed. The acoustic noise is reduced by using a random modulation strategy. Measurements show a significant improvement by using feedforward and feedback techniques for linearizing the inverter. An improvement in reduction of the acoustic noise emission is also achieved by using random modulation. It is concluded that a combination of a random modulation strategy and feedforward/feedback techniques gives an almost ideal AC motor drive system.
Distortion of the Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid by a spin-polarized current (2009)

The Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid is a fundamental object in magnetism. It separates regions of the magnetic-field space with two stable magnetization equilibria from those with only one stable equilibrium and it characterizes the magnetization reversal of nanomagnets with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induced by applied magnetic fields. On the other hand, it was recently demonstrated that transfer of spin angular momentum from a spin-polarized current provides an alternative way of switching the magnetization. Here, we examine the astroid of a nanomagnet under the combined influence of applied fields and spin-transfer torques. We find that spin transfer is most efficient at modifying the astroid when the external field is applied along the easy axis of magnetization. On departing from this situation, a threshold current appears below which spin transfer becomes ineffective yielding a current-induced dip in the astroid along the easy-axis direction. An extension of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model is outlined which accounts for this phenomenon.
Control of Surface Tension Flows: Instability of a Liquid Jet (1990)

A technique of controlling surface tension flows using thermal radiation is proposed. This method takes advantage of the dependence on temperature of the surface tension forces to produce the desired controlling effects. In this research, a capillary water jet is taken as an example of a surface tension dominated flow. The ability to cancel a preexisting unstable perturbation is demonstrated. First an acoustical disturbance that dominates the naturally occurring perturbations is applied to the jet. This causes jet breakup at a shorter and constant distance from the orifice. Next, a CO2 laser beam, modulated at the same frequency as the primary disturbance, is focused on the surface of the jet. By proper adjustment of intensity and phase the two perturbations cancel each other and the natural breakup of the jet is recovered. The influences of phase and intensity mismatches were tested and are reported. In addition to its application to delaying breakup of capillary jets, this technique is a promising method of controlling both suface tension driven flows and instabilities in different industrial applications.
The Multics virtual memory (1972)

As experience with use of on-line operating systems has grown, the need to share information among system users has become increasingly apparent. Many contemporary systems permit some degree of sharing. Usually, sharing is accomplished by allowing several users to share data via input and output of information stored in files kept in secondary storage. Through the use of segmentation, however, Multics provides direct hardware addressing by user and system programs of all information, independent of its physical storage location. Information is stored in segments each of which is potentially sharable and carries its own independent attributes of size and access privilege. Here, the design and implementation considerations of segmentation and sharing in Multics are first discussed under the assumption that all information resides in a large, segmented main memory. Since the size of main memory on contemporary systems is rather limited, it is then shown how the Multics software achieves the effect of a large segmented main memory through the use of the Honeywell 645 segmentation and paging hardware.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3‐Substituted 2H‐1,4‐Benzoxazines (2012)

Abstract The highly enantioselective hydrogenation of 3‐aryl‐2 H ‐1,4‐benzoxazines was achieved using the (cyclooctadiene)iridium chloride dimer/( S )‐SegPhos/iodine {[Ir(COD)Cl] 2 /( S )‐SegPhos/I 2 } system as catalyst with up to 92% ee . The 3‐styryl‐2 H ‐1,4‐benzoxazine derivatives were also hydrogenated by the iridium catalyst and Pd/C in two consecutive steps whereby 93–95% ee values were obtained.
Vehicle Automation System Based on Multi-Sensor Integration (1998)

this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of ASAE, and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASAE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications. Quotation from this work should state that it is from a presentation made by (name of author) at the (listed) ASAE meeting. EXAMPLE --- From Author&amp;apos;s Last Name, Initials. &amp;quot;Title of Presentation.&amp;quot; Presented at the Date and Title of meeting, Paper No X. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA. For information about securing permission to reprint or reproduce a technical presentation, please address inquiries to ASAE. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA Voice: 616.429.0300 FAX: 616.429.3852 E-Mail:&amp;lt;hq@asae.org&amp;gt; 2
Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatographic determination of ethosuximide and desmethylmethsuximide in plasma or serum. (1979)

We describe the determination of ethosuximide and desmethylmethsuximide, simultaneously or separately, in 50 to 100 microliter of plasma or serum. Derivatives of ethosuximide and desmethylmethsuximide formed by reaction with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride are extremely sensitive to the electron-capture detector of a gas-liquid chromatograph. The sample, with added internal standard and ammonium sulfate as a pH-adjusting and salting-out agent, is extracted with ethyl acetate/benzene (20/80 by vol). The extract is evaporated and the derivatives are formed. Analytical recoveries of ethosuximide and desmethylmethsuximide exceed 99%, and the relative standard deviation (CV) between analyses is usually less than 4.0%. alpha-Methyl-alpha-propylsuccinimide is used as the internal standard for ethosuximide, 2-phenylsuccinimide as the internal standard for desmethylmethsuximide.
Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) Toxins of Vibrios (2015)

Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins are a heterogeneous group of toxins found in a number of Vibrio species and other Gram-negative bacteria. The toxins are composed of conserved repeat regions and an autoprocessing protease domain that together function as a delivery platform for transfer of cytotoxic and cytopathic domains into target eukaryotic cell cytosol. Within the cells, the effectors can alter biological processes such as signaling or cytoskeletal structure, presumably to the benefit of the bacterium. Ten effector domains are found in the various Vibrio MARTX toxins, although any one toxin carries only two to five effector domains. The specific toxin variant expressed by a species can be modified by homologous recombination to acquire or lose effector domains, such that different strains within the same species can express distinct variants of the toxins. This review examines the conserved structural elements of the MARTX toxins and details the different toxin arrangements carried by Vibrio species and strains. The catalytic function of domains and how the toxins are linked to pathogenesis of human and animals is described.
IRELAND'S OTHER LOW-COST (2004)

SUBTITLE: IN 2001, AER LINGUS KNEW IT WAS IN TROUBLE. BUT RATHER THAN RELYING ON ITS PROUD HISTORY, AND GOING UNDER, THE AIRLINE WAS PREPARED TO DO ANYTHING TO SURVIVE -- EVEN COPYING A YOUNG UPSTART CALLED RYANAIR. WILLIE WALSH, CEO OF AER LINGUS, EXPLAINS HIS STRATEGY TO ELIZABETH STEPHENS.
Dispatch of Main Transformer ULTC and Capacitors in a Distribution System (2001)

This paper presents a dynamic programming method for solving reactive power / voltage control problems in a distribution system. The objective of this paper is to properly dispatch main transformers under load tap changers, substation capacitors, and feeder capacitors based on hourly forecast loads of each feeder section and primary bus voltage such that the total feeder loss can be minimized, voltage profile can be improved, and the reactive power flow into the main transformer can be restrained. The constraints that must be considered include the maximum allowable number of switching operations in a day for under load tap changer and each capacitor, and the voltage limit on the feeder and secondary bus voltage is limited. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, reactive power /voltage control in a distribution system within the service area of the Yunlin District Office of Taiwan Power Company is performed. It is found that a proper dispatching schedule for each capacitor and under load tap changer can be reached by the presented method.
Design and Optimization of Dielectrically-Loaded Wideband Waveguide Polarizer (2018)

We discuss the design and optimization of a dielectrically loaded wideband waveguide polarizer for Ku band applications. The selection of width and permittivity for dielectrics has been considered as a combinatorial mixed variable optimization problem. We used cross-entropy method to obtain the optimal set of permittivity and corresponding width of the dielectric, for which the polarizer gives almost constant differential phase shift within 90°± 0.5° from 10.9 GHz to 14.5 GHz and an axial ratio of 0.1dB. The length of the polarizer is reduced by almost 12%.
Dynamic Spatial Verification for Large-Scale Object-Level Image Retrieval (2019)

Images from social media can reflect diverse viewpoints, heated arguments, and expressions of creativity, adding new complexity to retrieval tasks. Researchers working onContent-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) have traditionally tuned their algorithms to match filtered results with user search intent. However, we are now bombarded with composite images of unknown origin, authenticity, and even meaning. With such uncertainty, users may not have an initial idea of what the results of a search query should look like. For instance, hidden people, spliced objects, and subtly altered scenes can be difficult for a user to detect initially in a meme image, but may contribute significantly to its composition. We propose a new approach for spatial verification that aims at modeling object-level regions dynamically clustering keypoints in a 2D Hough space, which are then used to accurately weight small contributing objects within the results, without the need for costly object detection steps. We call this method Objects in Scene to Objects in Scene (OS2OS) score, and it is optimized for fast matrix operations on CPUs. OS2OS performs comparably to state-of-the-art methods in classic CBIR problems, on the Oxford5K, Paris 6K, and Google-Landmarks datasets, without the need for bounding boxes. It also succeeds in emerging retrieval tasks such as image composite matching in the NIST MFC2018 dataset and meme-style composite imagery fromReddit.
Toward an Integrated Knowledge Environment to Support Modern Oncology (2011)

Around the world, teams of researchers continue to develop a wide range of systems to capture, store, and analyze data including treatment, patient outcomes, tumor registries, next-generation sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism, copy number, gene expression, drug chemistry, drug safety, and toxicity. Scientists mine, curate, and manually annotate growing mountains of data to produce high-quality databases, while clinical information is aggregated in distant systems. Databases are currently scattered, and relationships between variables coded in disparate datasets are frequently invisible. The challenge is to evolve oncology informatics from a "systems" orientation of standalone platforms and silos into an "integrated knowledge environments" that will connect "knowable" research data with patient clinical information. The aim of this article is to review progress toward an integrated knowledge environment to support modern oncology with a focus on supporting scientific discovery and improving cancer care.
Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy of prompt and nonprompt charmonia in PbPb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2023)

A bstract The second-order ( v 2 ) and third-order ( v 3 ) Fourier coefficients describing the azimuthal anisotropy of prompt and nonprompt (from b-hadron decays) J / ψ, as well as prompt ψ(2S) mesons are measured in lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV. The analysis uses a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.61 nb − 1 recorded with the CMS detector. The J / ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed using their dimuon decay channel. The v 2 and v 3 coefficients are extracted using the scalar product method and studied as functions of meson transverse momentum and collision centrality. The measured v 2 values for prompt J / ψ mesons are found to be larger than those for nonprompt J / ψ mesons. The prompt J / ψ v 2 values at high p T are found to be underpredicted by a model incorporating only parton energy loss effects in a quark-gluon plasma medium. Prompt and nonprompt J / ψ meson v 3 and prompt ψ(2S) v 2 and v 3 values are also reported for the first time, providing new information about heavy quark interactions in the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions.
Thermal Oxidation of AlInN for III-Nitride Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices (2019)

The oxidation of semiconductors is a fundamental building block of many modern electronic devices. The prime example is the oxidation of silicon into silicon dioxide, which is used as a gate dielectric, waveguides, masking layer, and a device isolation layer. The ability to form an analogous stable and insulating oxide in III-nitride semiconductors would enable a new generation of III-nitride-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here we present data on the conversion of thick (>100 nm) AlInN epitaxial layers into oxides with H2O vapor in an N2 carrier gas (wet oxidation) at elevated temperatures (900 °C). The AlxIn1–xN layers are grown on and latticed-matched (x = 0.82) to GaN layers. The oxide can be formed over its entirety or selectively by patterning the surface. The conversion to an oxide is confirmed and characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and electrical measurements. The oxide is smooth and crystalline, has a low index of refraction of ∼1.8 in the visible, and exhibits very high resistivity of >1014 Ω·cm.
Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy of Oxygen A Band Transitions for Non-Intrusive Concentration Measurements (1994)

The technique of Frequency Modulation (FM) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy has been used [1] very successfully recently to perform several different types of measurements, with the applications of this technique growing as advances in semiconductor technology result in the availability of reliable, tunable single-mode semiconductor diode lasers in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which were previously inaccessible this way.
The real fox (2013)

This dog fox has been out all night leaving its scent on tree bark loping its way across the golf course into the grounds and the infra-red lights...
K-dTree based Gridless Maze Routing on Message Passing Multiprocessor Systems (1990)

The routing of nets or a set of interconnection points is a compute intensive application encountered in CAD for VLSI design. In this paper, we propose a gridless algorithm for area routing based on the Hightower's Maze routing algorithm for message passing multiprocessor systems. The suitability of k-d trees as a data structuring technique for gridless maze routing is established. Since segments of routes are stored as rectangular objects in the k-d tree, the algorithm facilitates routing with variable width conductor paths. Results obtained both through simulation techniques and those obtained on an actual multiprocessor system based on message passing exhibit speedup proportional to the number of processors in the multiprocessor system.
Container Marking: Combining Data Placement, Garbage Collection and Wear Levelling for Flash (2011)

This paper presents a data-placement scheme for log-structured flash translation layers (FTLs), with the dual aims of reducing write amplification due to garbage collection and flash wear-out due to block erasing and programming. The central idea is to identify and place data that is expected to change frequently together in young flash blocks that are far from wearing out, and infrequently changing data in old blocks where it can be expected to stay longer. In previous work, garbage collection and wear levelling were treated separately, and the importance of data placement was largely ignored. We propose a new scheme, called container marking, to combine data placement, garbage collection, and wear levelling in a single mechanism, thus improving both the random write performance and the endurance. Each flash block is a data container that is assigned an activeness marker indicating how frequently the data it stores is updated. A simple solution for dynamically tracking data's activeness that adapts to utilizations is presented. The system is implemented in a Java1-based flash simulator, and is shown to reduce write amplification and wear-out in synthetic and trace-driven workloads.
[Correlation between the orientation of the data wave and the topography of pre-excitation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. (1977)

A comparison between the epicardial siting of the zone of pre-excitation of the ventricle in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the ECG has allowed us to distinguish 6 topographical types, according to the orientation of the delta wave in the horizontal plane, and especially in the frontal plane which is often ignored: right anterior, left lateral, right of left anterior paraseptal, and right or left posterior paraseptal. The association of a heart defect with ventricular hypertrophy, or the coexistence of several associated accessory pathways prevents such correlation and makes it imperative to carry out intracavitary investigation and epicardial mapping to localise the accessory pathway if surgery is contemplated.