gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Nitrendipine on Erythrocytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1999)

Aim:This stady was conducted to evaluate the relationship between erythrocyte injury and calcium,and the protective effect of calcium antagonists on erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Clinical material and method:Forty patients with congenital heart disease underwent surgical repair under CPB.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.Control group(n=30)received no medications before surgery.Nitrendipine group received nitrendipine(0.5mg/kg,t.i.d)orally seven days before surgery.The blood samples were taken at five different time intervals for assessing the content of erythrocytes calcium(E Ca 2+ ), activities Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ATPase,Na + K + ATPase,index filtration of erythrocytes(IF),mean corpuscular volume(MCV)and plasma free hemoglubin(F HB).Results:In control group,E Ca 2+ ,IF,MCV and F Hb were gradually increased and activities Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ATPase and Na + K + ATPase were decreased .The reduction of E Ca 2+ was closely related to IF,MCV and F Hb.In nitrendipine group,all abovementioned parameters were significantly improved.Conclusion:This study suggests that erythrocyte injury is related to elevation of intracellular calcium during CPB and preoperative treatment with nitrendipine can reduce erythrocyte injury.
Comparison and Analysis of CO2 Emissions Data for China (2014)

This paper reviews the CO2 emissions data for China provided by various international organizations and databases (namely IEA, BP, EDGAR/PBL/JRC, CDIAC, EIA and CAIT) and compares them with China’s official data and estimation. The difference among these data is due to different scopes, methods and underlying data, and particularly the difference in fossil fuel consumption. Compared with data from other databases, IEA and CAIT data have the best comparability with China’s official data. The paper recommends that China enhance its coal statistics, raise the frequency of official data publication and improve the inventory completeness. Zhu, S.-L., 2014: Comparison and analysis of CO2 emissions data for China. Adv. Clim. Change Res., 5(1), doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2014.017.
Analysis of the equipment maintainability qualitative evaluation index based on interpretive structure modeling (2015)

The hierarchical relationship of the equipment maintainability qualitative evaluation indexes were analyzed based on industrial security manual. The 16 main indexes were divided and the relationship between each index was discussed by solving the accessibility matrix and constructing ISM. Meanwhile, the internal correlation structure was showed which can provide effective reference of the equipment maintainability qualitative evaluation.
Synthesis of soluble polymers for medicine that degrade by intramolecular acid catalysis (2000)

Aqueous soluble polymers designed to rapidly degrade by an intramolecular assisted acid catalysed mechanism were prepared. Degradation studies at pH 5.5 and 2.0 exhibited a rapid first phase followed by a slower phase and incomplete degradation to macromonomeric species. The fast phase was attributed to repeat units containing a carboxylic acid pendent chain cis to an amide bond in the polymer mainchain and the slow phase by the absence of this free carboxylic acid moiety.
Rapid and Direct Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Alkaline Pulping Liquor by Mild Ultrasonication (2019)

The production of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) has opened new routes to the utilization of lignin in advanced applications. The existing challenge, however, is to develop a production method that can easily be adapted on an industrial scale. In this study, we demonstrated a green and rapid method of preparing LNPs directly from a sulfur-free alkaline pulping liquor by combining acid precipitation and ultrasonication. The combined method produced spherical LNPs, with a hierarchical nanostructure and a highly negative surface charge, within only 5 min of sonication. The mild, rapid sonication was achieved by sonicating directly without prior drying of the acid-precipitated and dialyzed lignin. Optimization of the method revealed the potential for minimizing acid consumption, shortening the dialysis time, and processing directly the alkaline liquor with as much as 20 wt % lignin. The isolated LNPs were stable during storage for 180 days, at a pH range of 4–7, and in a dispersing medium below 0.1 M NaCl. The LNPs also displayed excellent emulsifying properties, stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. Thus, this simple and energy-efficient method opens a sustainable, straightforward, and scalable route to the production of organic solvent-free LNPs, with high potential as interface stabilizers of multiphase systems in the food and medical industries.
Comparative Study of the Second and Third Heterogeneous Deacetylations of α- and β-Chitins in a Multistep Process (2004)

Second and third heterogeneous deacetylations in a multistep process under argon atmosphere of alpha- and beta-chitins in the presence of 50% (w/v) NaOH, for temperatures ranging from 80 to 110 degrees C, were comparatively studied in order to optimize the multistep process of deacetylation. Along with the successive reactions, we observed important changes of chemical behavior with the crystalline state related to alpha- and beta-chitins, amorphous and partially deacetylated chitin, and chitosan. Thanks to the full reacetylation of all the deacetylated samples, we succeeded in estimating the oxidoreductive alkaline degradation occurring during deacetylation, whatever the degree of acetylation (DA) of the copolymer. It clearly appeared that the crystalline state of the samples was the key parameter on which depended the rate constants of both alkaline hydrolysis and deacetylation and, consequently, the activation energy Ea and the preexponential factor A. We may now propose optimal conditions allowing the production of well-defined chitosans with low DAs and higher molecular weights than those usually reported in the literature.
Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection device based on digital image processing (2014)

Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection is widely applied in industry production, however; traditional ways are manual and depend on individuals' experience, which can also cause damage to workers' eyes. An automatic fluorescent magnetic particle inspection device is presented in this paper. A series of image processing methods have been investigated, which are put into a combination for detecting flaws in images automatically. And we propose a wavelet-based Canny operator to extract outlines of flaws in images, which is more effective than common Canny operator, and could constrain noises at a reasonable level. Results suggest that this novel automatic inspection device offers a low labor intensity but more effective way for flaw detection work, and image processing methods proposed in this paper are feasible.
Influence of high-frequency peening and atmosphere of marine climate on the cyclic life of T-welded joints with surface fatigue cracks (2020)

Automatic Welding, 2020, №04. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.
Soft-landing of Preselected Single Nanoparticles on Optical Fibre Tapers for Spectroscopy and Detection (2009)

We use a segmented linear Paul-trap to deposit single preselected microparticles on optical fiber tapers. Beyond detection and spectroscopy of these particles, this offers a new method to functionalise fiber tapers.
Optical Fiber Sensors for the Cultural Heritage (2005)

Two examples of optical fiber sensors for the protection of the cultural heritage were given. The varnished optical fiber could be used also as temperature sensor. In fact, thanks to the good temperature sensitivity and reversibility of gum mastic, it could be considered as a transducer for the implementation of a temperature sensor to be permanently inlayed in the painting. By embedding the optical fiber in the painting together with the picture varnish for example on a comer, continuous temperature monitoring could be possible, in order to prevent risk conditions that can arise when illuminating the painting with the use of lamps, as happens during television shots. The fiber optic sensor for monitoring of lighting in museum environments has demonstrated its functionality in real operational conditions. Another application of the sensor for safeguarding the cultural heritage, is for lighting monitoring during artwork restoration. In fact, restoring procedures are performed under high illumination, although for a short time compared to the life of the artwork. Since there are regulations also on excessive lighting for short times, continuous monitoring can indicate when the exposure is becoming too excessive. The low cost of the technology involved, indicated as a further development of the sensor an implementation as a battery-powered unit to be permanently installed where critical conditions are feared. In addition to temperature and lighting, other parameters of interest for the monitoring of museum environmental conditions are: humidity, sound, vibrations and air pollution, especially particulates and gaseous pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides.
Data-driven Chance-constrained Regulation Capacity Offering for Distributed Energy Resources (2017)

This paper studies the behavior of a strategic aggregator offering regulation capacity on behalf of a group of distributed energy resources (DERs, e.g. plug-in electric vehicles) in a power market. Our objective is to maximize the aggregator's revenue while controlling the risk of penalties due to poor service delivery. To achieve this goal, we propose data-driven risk-averse strategies to effectively handle uncertainties in: 1) The DER parameters (e.g., load demands and flexibilities) and 2) sub-hourly regulation signals (to the accuracy of every few seconds). We design both the day-ahead and the hour-ahead strategies. In the day-ahead model, we develop a two-stage stochastic program to roughly model the above uncertainties, which achieves computational efficiency by leveraging novel aggregate models of both DER parameters and sub-hourly regulation signals. In the hour-ahead model, we formulate a data-driven distributionally robust chance-constrained program to explicitly model the aforementioned uncertainties. This program can effectively control the quality of regulation service based on the aggregator's risk aversion. Furthermore, it learns the distributions of the uncertain parameters from empirical data so that it outperforms existing techniques, (e.g. robust optimization or traditional chance-constrained programming) in both modelling accuracy and cost of robustness. Finally, we derive a conic safe approximation for it which can be efficiently solved by commercial solvers. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method.
Accessing the Primary Solid–Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal: A Method for Low‐Concentration Compound Analysis (2023)

Despite large research efforts in the fields of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, there are still unanswered questions. One of them is the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium-metal-anode-based battery systems. Until now, a compound profile analysis of the SEI on lithium metal was challenging as the amounts of many compounds after simple contact of lithium metal and the electrolyte were too low for detection with analytical methods. This study presents a novel approach on unravelling the SEI compound profile through accumulation in the gas, liquid electrolyte, and solid phase. The method uses the intrinsic behavior of lithium metal to spontaneously react with the liquid electrolyte. In combination with complementary, state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation and methods, this approach provides qualitative and quantitative results on all three phases revealing the vast variety of compounds formed in carbonate-based electrolytes.
Synthesis and reactivity of palladium hydrido-solvento complexes, including a key intermediate in the catalytic methoxycarbonylation of ethene to methyl propanoate (2002)

The sequence of reaction steps and the role of each reactant, required for the transformation of the Pd(0) precursor [Pd(dtbpx)(dba)] [dtbpx = 1,2-(CH2PBut2)2C6H4; dba = trans,trans-(PhCHCH)2CO], 1, into [Pd(dtbpx)H(MeOH)]+, 2a, the active Pd(II)-hydride catalyst for the methoxycarbonylation of ethene to methylpropanoate, have been delineated using a combination of spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The preparation and characterisation of a variety of related complexes are described including some unusual examples involving bidentate sulfonate complexes and mono-cationic and neutral palladium hydride complexes. X-Ray crystal structures have been determined for [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-O2)], 3, [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-BQ)] (BQ = benzoquinone), 4, [Pd(dcpx)(dbaH)]+ [dcpx = 1,2-(CH2PCy2)2C6H4], 7, and [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-MeSO3)]+, 9b.
ENHANCED OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE, DETECTION AND MONITORING THROUGH THE APPLIED TECHNOLOGY OF UNMANNED AIR SYSTEMS (2008)

ABSTRACT Many leading edge technologies that are conceptualized, developed, tested, refined and applied as military defense technologies evolve into useful applied technologies in other public and private sectors. Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) and the rapidly evolving Small Unmanned Air Vehicle (SUAS) are finding operational applications in scientific research, wildlife, law enforcement, security, natural disaster, and environmental surveillance, detection and monitoring. This paper will review the use of UAS in operational oil spill surveillance, monitoring and assessment. UAS show particular potential for shoreline, coastal and inland surveillance and monitoring of remote areas with limited accessibility. Numerous international oil companies have sponsored UAV demonstrations focused on facility and pipeline inspection, surveillance and monitoring. Governmental agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, have incorporated UAS into oil spill response exercises and test applications. Currently, many areas of high risk to pollution and high environmental sensitivity are monitored daily by costly manned aircraft surveillance; UAS can replace or augment these manned air vehicles, providing a cost effective alternative that also reduces human risks. UAS technology is continually evolving to achieve broader application:On-water launch and in-water recovery;Payload Integration - video, still daylight and nighttime IR imaging, image processing, and hazardous material air plume sensing and mapping;Command, Control and Communications (C-3) - real-time data link to the Incident Command Post;Platform Improvements - greater reliability, minimized size and weight, portability, longer operational flight time and extended range, and improved power sources;GPS positioning - pre-programmed flight patterns and break-away vectoring; andSimulation &amp; Training - train effectively, maintain proficiency, and evolve tactics, techniques and procedures.
Metal-Enzyme Frameworks: Role of Metal Ions in Promoting Enzyme Self-Assembly on α-Zirconium(IV) Phosphate Nanoplates (2013)

Previously, an ion-coupled protein binding (ICPB) model was proposed to explain the thermodynamics of protein binding to negatively charged α-Zr(IV) phosphate (α-ZrP). This model is tested here using glucose oxidase (GO) and met-hemoglobin (Hb) and several cations (Zr(IV), Cr(III), Au(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Na(I), and H(I)). The binding constant of GO with α-ZrP was increased ∼380-fold by the addition of either 1 mM Zr(IV) or 1 mM Ca(II), and affinities followed the trend Zr(IV) ≃ Ca(II) > Cr(III) > Mg(II) ≫ H(I) > Na(I). Binding studies could not be conducted with Au(III), Al(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II), as these precipitated both proteins. Zr(IV) increased Hb binding constant to α-ZrP by 43-fold, and affinity enhancements followed the trend Zr(IV) > H(I) > Mg(II) > Na(I) > Ca(II) > Cr(III). Zeta potential studies clearly showed metal ion binding to α-ZrP and affinities followed the trend, Zr(IV) ≫ Cr(III) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Mg(II) > Ca(II) > Au(III) > Na(I) > H(I). Electron microscopy showed highly ordered structures of protein/metal/α-ZrP intercalates on micrometer length scales, and protein intercalation was also confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. Specific activities of GO/Zr(IV)/α-ZrP and Hb/Zr(IV)/α-ZrP ternary complexes were 2.0 × 10(-3) and 6.5 × 10(-4) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. While activities of all GO/cation/α-ZrP samples were comparable, those of Hb/cation/α-ZrP followed the trend Mg(II) > Na(I) > H(I) > Cr(III) > Ca(II) ≃ Zr(IV). Metal ions enhanced protein binding by orders of magnitude, as predicted by the ICPB model, and binding enhancements depended on charge as well as the phosphophilicity/oxophilicity of the cation.
Cleanability of ceramic tile grout materials (2002)

The cleanabilities of cementious jointing grout, cementious jointing grout covered with a mineral polymer layer, and epoxy jointing grout were studied using a testing apparatus under evaluation. The results were based on both a color measurement technique and visual evaluation of microscopic images. Two types of soils imitating those typically found in clean-rooms were used. The cleaning agents were an alkaline, a weakly alkaline, an acidic detergent and de-ionized water. The cleanest grouts were obtained using the alkaline detergent. The color measurements indicated that the epoxy grout could be most easily cleaned, although the microscopic evaluation did not show any statistical differences between the grouts or the cleaning agents. Three cycles of pre-washing, soiling and cleaning did not produce any significant difference in the cleanability compared to that observed after the first cycle.
Fusion of End-to-End Deep Learning Models for Sequence-to-Sequence Sleep Staging (2019)

Sleep staging, a process of identifying the sleep stages associated with polysomnography (PSG) epochs, plays an important role in sleep monitoring and diagnosing sleep disorders. We present in this work a model fusion approach to automate this task. The fusion model is composed of two base sleep-stage classifiers, SeqSleepNet and DeepSleepNet, both of which are state-of-the-art end-to-end deep learning models complying to the sequence-to-sequence sleep staging scheme. In addition, in the light of ensemble methods, we reason and demonstrate that these two networks form a good ensemble of models due to their high diversity. Experiments show that the fusion approach is able to preserve the strength of the base networks in the fusion model, leading to consistent performance gains over the two base networks. The fusion model obtain the best modelling results we have observed so far on the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies (MASS) dataset with 200 subjects, achieving an overall accuracy of 88.0%, a macro F1-score of 84.3%, and a Cohen's kappa of 0.828.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous ibandronic acid 6 mg infused over 15 minutes: Results from a 2-year study of colorectal cancer patients with metastatic bone disease (2008)

9572 Background: Metastatic bone disease is associated with various skeletal-related events (SREs), including pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, and radiotherapy or surgery to bone. Ibandronate is a single-nitrogen, non-cyclic bisphosphonate with proven efficacy for decreasing the incidence of SREs. In this study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibandronate infused over 15 minutes in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Methods: Patients received intravenous ibandronate 6mg or placebo via a 15-minute infusion every 4 weeks for 24 months. Study endpoints included the proportion of patients who developed SREs and time to first event. Results: In a group of 150 patients with colorectal cancer and bone metastases, intravenous ibandronate significantly reduced the proportion of patients who experienced an SRE compared with placebo (39% versus 50%; p=0.029). Time to first SRE was also delayed significantly (median 469 versus 307 days; p=0.009). In a multiple-event analysis, ibandronate reduced the risk of developing an SRE by 33% (hazard ratio= 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.42 0.79; p=0.003). In general, ibandronate was well tolerated, with a renal adverse event profile comparable to placebo and no clinically-relevant changes in serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the efficacy and safety of 15-minute infusions of ibandronate. Compared with placebo, ibandronate reduced the proportion of patients who experienced an SRE, and decreased the median time to first SRE and the SRE risk. There was no evidence of renal toxicity. Ibandronate is a safe and effective treatment for preventing the complications of metastatic bone disease in colorectal cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Building Blocks of User-Focused 3D City Models (2015)

At Ordnance Survey, GB, we have taken an incremental approach to creating our 3D geospatial database. Research at Ordnance Survey has focused not only on methods for deriving 3D data, but also on the needs of the user in terms of the actual tasks they perform. This provides insights into the type and quality of the data required and how its quality is conveyed. In 2007, using task analysis and user-centred design, we derived a set of geometric characteristics of building exteriors that are relevant to one or more use contexts. This work has been valuable for guiding which building data to collect and how to augment our products. In 2014, we began to supply building height attributes as an alpha-release enhancement to our 2D topography data, OS MasterMap® Topography Layer. This is the first in a series of enhancements of our 2D data that forms part of a road map that will ultimately lead to a full range of 3D products. This paper outlines our research journey from the understanding of the key 3D building characteristics to the development of geo-spatial products and the specification of research. There remains a rich seam of research into methods for capturing user-focused, geo-spatial data to enable visualisation and analysis in three dimensions. Because the process of informing and designing a product is necessarily focused on the practicalities of production, storage and distribution, this paper is presented as a case report, as we believe our journey will be of interest to others involved in the capture of 3D buildings at a national level.
Negative ion mode matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides using halide adducts and 9‐aminoacridine matrix (2008)

9-Aminoacridine was established as a matrix for the detection of neutral oligosaccharides in negative ion mode matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sodium iodide proved to be a useful additive inducing formation of stable iodide adducts of the analytes, in particular for oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerisation (DP) of three and higher. Lower oligomers (DP <3) and monosaccharides show more stable adducts with chloride ions. After optimisation of the sample preparation procedure, limits of quantitation were determined for alpha-cyclodextrin and cellopentaose at 7 and 13 pmol, respectively, with a linear detector response over two concentration orders. The iodide additive could be successfully employed on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers with vacuum and atmospheric pressure ion sources. The value of the new method to solve biological problems has been demonstrated by the analysis of a mixture of beta-glucane elicitors isolated from the cell walls of Phytophthora sojae.