gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Circuit Designs of Integer Division Optimizing T-count and\n T-depth (2018)

Quantum circuits for mathematical functions such as division are necessary to\nuse quantum computers for scientific computing. Quantum circuits based on\nClifford+T gates can easily be made fault-tolerant but the T gate is very\ncostly to implement. The small number of qubits available in existing quantum\ncomputers adds another constraint on quantum circuits. As a result, reducing\nT-count and qubit cost have become important optimization goals. The design of\nquantum circuits for integer division has caught the attention of researchers\nand designs have been proposed in the literature. However, these designs suffer\nfrom excessive T gate and qubit costs. Many of these designs also produce\nsignificant garbage output resulting in additional qubit and T gate costs to\neliminate these outputs. In this work, we propose two quantum integer division\ncircuits. The first proposed quantum integer division circuit is based on the\nrestoring division algorithm and the second proposed design implements the\nnon-restoring division algorithm. Both proposed designs are optimized in terms\nof T-count, T-depth and qubits. Both proposed quantum circuit designs are based\non (i) a quantum subtractor, (ii) a quantum adder-subtractor circuit, and (iii)\na novel quantum conditional addition circuit. Our proposed restoring division\ncircuit achieves average T-count savings from $79.03 \\%$ to $91.69 \\%$ compared\nto the existing works. Our proposed non-restoring division circuit achieves\naverage T-count savings from $49.75 \\%$ to $90.37 \\%$ compared to the existing\nworks. Further, both our proposed designs have linear T-depth.\n
Smart Headgear for Assessment of Auditory Response Reaction Time of Professional and Amateur Kendokas (2020)

In Kendo, the ability to execute a technique within the shortest time is essential for winning. The purpose of this study was to utilise an in-house developed automatic headgearscoring sensor with a buzzer to determine the auditory response reaction time (ARRT) of professional (PK) and amateur (AK) Kendo practitioners. ARRT is defined as the time required for a participant to hit a target after a buzzer is sounded. A total of 14 participants took part in this study. The participants were requested to hit the opponent's headgear target, which consisted of a pressure sensor, upon hearing the buzzer. The average reaction time of PK is 0.44 s, and for AK 0.58 s, with a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). The in-house developed automatic headgear-scoring sensor with buzzer can be utilised to assist a Kendo practitioner in training to shorten the response reaction time to improve competition performance.
Multiple-quantum filters of arbitrary phases for spin 3/2 nuclei (1993)

The expression for the transverse magnetization for the standard four pulse sequence employed in the construction of a double-quantum filter is derived for arbitrary phase angles. By use of this expression, it is demonstrated that the NMR signal intensity of the corresponding double-quantum filter is maximized when the phases and phase cycling of the pulses employed are determined in accordance with the coherence-transfer pathway formalism. Furthermore, the filtering action of the double-quantum filter is insensitive to perturbations in the phase angles of up to 15° around these values. For these variations in phase angles, the transverse magnetization of the double-quantum filter signal decreases by at most 10%. This decrease in signal intensity is due solely to the functional dependence of the transverse magnetization on the phase angles and not due to the breakthrough of other coherences.
Rheological and damping characteristics of adaptive materials for layered structures (2017)

Compositions of high-filled magnetically controlled materials with different dispersed phase particle sizes are developed. Rheological and damping characteristics of materials in the system of oscillations of three-layer plates are determined and their dependence on the size of magnetically sensitive particles is established.
Mammalian mitochondrial proteomics: insights into mitochondrial functions and mitochondria-related diseases (2010)

Mitochondria are organelles that are essential for cell life and death. A huge range of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and aging, have been reported to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, identification of mitochondrial proteins that are differentially expressed in these pathologies will help to further our understanding of these diseases. In recent years, great achievements have been made in mammalian mitochondrial proteomics. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge with respect to the whole mitochondrial proteome, the mitochondrial subproteome, mitochondrial complexes and mitochondrial post-translational modifications. Applications of comparative mitochondrial proteomics to various pathologies that have provided clues for understanding the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and pathogenesis are described. We conclude that mitochondrial proteomics can be used not only to map all the components of mitochondria, but can also provide information for discovering therapeutic targets for mitochondria-related diseases.
Tilted Bianchi type-III cosmologies (1979)

Tilted Bianchi type-III models (models in which matter is not at rest on homogeneous hypersurfaces) are integrated for small values of a tilt parameter. The zero-tilt solution is that of Kantowski and Sachs. Solutions given include a slowly rotating model which preserves the zero-tilt field equations, and a totally anisotropic model which can be either rotating, or tilted and nonrotating. The solutions are compared to observations, and bounds are found for the perturbation parameters.
The autonomic nervous system regulates postprandial hepatic lipid metabolism (2013)

The liver is a key organ in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism during feeding and fasting. In addition to hormones and nutrients, inputs from the autonomic nervous system are also involved in fine-tuning hepatic metabolic regulation. Previously, we have shown in rats that during fasting an intact sympathetic innervation of the liver is essential to maintain the secretion of triglycerides by the liver. In the current study, we hypothesized that in the postprandial condition the parasympathetic input to the liver inhibits hepatic VLDL-TG secretion. To test our hypothesis, we determined the effect of selective surgical hepatic denervations on triglyceride metabolism after a meal in male Wistar rats. We report that postprandial plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly elevated in parasympathetically denervated rats compared with control rats (P = 0.008), and VLDL-TG production tended to be increased (P = 0.066). Sympathetically denervated rats also showed a small rise in postprandial triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.045). On the other hand, in rats fed on a six-meals-a-day schedule for several weeks, a parasympathetic denervation resulted in >70% higher plasma triglycerides during the day (P = 0.001), whereas a sympathetic denervation had no effect. Our results show that abolishing the parasympathetic input to the liver results in increased plasma triglyceride levels during postprandial conditions.
The Number of Mutations Selected During Adaptation in a Laboratory Population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2005)

There is currently limited empirical and theoretical support for the prevailing view that adaptation typically results from the fixation of many mutations, each with small phenotypic effects. Recent theoretical work suggests that, on the contrary, most of the phenotypic change during an episode of adaptation can result from the selection of a few mutations with relatively large effects. I studied the genetics of adaptation by populations of budding yeast to a culture regime of daily hundredfold dilution and transfer in a glucose-limited minimal liquid medium. A single haploid genotype isolated after 2000 generations showed a 76% fitness increase over its ancestor. This evolved haploid was crossed with its ancestor, and tetrad dissections were used to isolate a complete series of six meiotic tetrads. The Castle-Wright estimator of the number of loci at which adaptive mutations had been selected, modified to account for linkage and variation among mutations in the size of their effect, is 4.4. The estimate for a second haploid genotype, isolated from a separate population and with a fitness gain of 60%, was 2.7 loci. Backcrosses to the ancestor with the first evolved genotype support the inference that adaptation resulted primarily from two to five mutations. These backcrosses also indicated that deleterious mutations had hitchhiked with adaptive mutations in this evolved genotype.
Research on PEFC Overvoltage Analysis Method by Impedance Technique (1st Report, Estimation of Resistances and Overvoltages) (2006)

PEFC was simulated to the equivalent circuit with four resistances and three capacitances, and accuracy of these estimated value were investigated in AC impedance method. Results show that the estimation reliability of these characteristics can be quantitatively evaluated by coherence function value, and improved by nonlinear least squares technique. Integral calculus by current density i of the R3 and R4((R3+R4)di) shows very good correlation to cathode overvoltage (OV) at lower current density region where cathode concentration OV is negligible small. The R3di suggests cathode activation OV and corresponds with Butler Volnler's equation .The R4di suggests cathode concentration OV and increases with current density increase. Sum of the OVs (Ridi) and output voltage is lower than Nernstian potential, which shows unknown OV is more than 20%.
The physics of human breathing: flow, timing, volume, and pressure parameters for normal, on-demand, and ventilator respiration (2021)

Normal breathing for healthy humans is taken for granted; it occurs without conscious effort using ambient (1-atmosphere) pressure with 21% oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) concentration. The body automatically adjusts for stress, exercise, altitude, and mild disease by increasing the volume and frequency of breathing. Longer term adaptations for exercise and altitude include increases in red blood cell counts and higher concentrations of capillaries in muscle tissue. When more challenging external environmental conditions or pulmonary illnesses exceed the capability for these adaptations, the human system requires technology to maintain sufficient ventilation to preserve life. On the environmental side there are two conditions to be addressed: toxicity of the surrounding atmosphere and changes in external pressure and O<sub>2</sub>concentration. On the medical side, mechanisms for assisting breathing include O<sub>2</sub>supplementation at ambient pressure, positive pressure/flow without additional O<sub>2</sub>, or a combination of both. This overview describes the various technologies applied to maintaining a safe breathing environment. Topics for environmental intervention include filter-based and flowing air-supply masks for toxic environments (occupational and laboratory protection), and on-demand gas supply systems for firefighters, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus divers, and altitude (high performance aircraft, spacecraft) applications. The topics for medical intervention include nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, and medical ventilators. The primary purpose of this article is to provide a basic understanding of normal human breathing and the adaptation of breathing in different environments using available technologies.
A model for the Barkhausen noise power as a function of applied field and stress (abstract) (1994)

The model of Alessandro et al.1 is used to derive the Barkhausen noise power in terms of permeability μ, which is really the irreversible permeability, since the Barkhausen noise is produced by the irreversible motion of domain walls. From the model expression, it is shown that the peak in the Barkhausen noise power as a function of applied field coincides with the peak in the irreversible permeability. From the magnetomechanical hysteresis model,2 an expression for the irreversible permeability is found and shown to peak at a higher magnetic field than the total permeability. Using the magnetomechanical hysteresis model and the derived expression from the Alessandro model, the Barkhausen noise power peak value is computed and found to increase almost linearly from negative (compressive) to positive (tensile) stress, with slightly decreased slope at high positive and negative values of stress, in agreement with trends in experimental observations.3,4 Dependence of the Barkhausen noise power on Ḣ, the time rate of increase in the linearly increasing ramp function used for H, is also investigated and found to increase moderately sharply for intermediate ranges of Ḣ and to saturate at larger Ḣ.
X-ray diffraction of multilayers and superlattices (1986)

Recursion formulae for calculating the reflected amplitude ratio of multilayers and superlattices have been derived from the Takagi-Taupin differential equations, which describe the dynamical diffraction of X-rays in deformed crystals. Calculated rocking curves of complicated layered structures, such as non-ideal superlattices on perfect crystals, are shown to be in good agreement with observed diffraction profiles. The kinematical theory can save computing time only in the case of an ideal superlattice, for which a geometric series can be used, but the reflectivity must be below 10% so that multiple reflections can be neglected. For a perfect crystal of arbitrary thickness the absorption at the center of the dynamical reflection is found to be proportional to the square root of the reflectivity. Sputter-deposited periodic multilayers of tungsten and carbon can be considered as an artificial crystal, for which dynamical X-ray diffraction calculations give results very similar to those of a macroscopic optical description in terms of the complex index of refraction and Fresnel reflection coefficients.
Perceptions of Social Support Sufficiency Among Older Adults With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa (2021)

Abstract Globally, the greatest number of older people with HIV (OPWH) are in sub-Saharan Africa (3.7 million). This population will continue to expand with greater access to anti-retroviral therapy. Compared to OPWH in high income counties, these OPWH have constrained access to government and community-based services and largely rely on assistance from family, friends, and neighbors for their social support needs. We examined factors related to perceptions of instrumental and emotional support sufficiency (availability and adequacy) among OPWH age 50 and older in Uganda (n = 101) and South Africa (n = 108). Significant covariates of instrumental support sufficiency included not having an AIDS diagnosis, greater support from family, and less support from friends. Significant covariates of emotional support sufficiency were fewer depressive symptoms, greater support from family, and geographic location (Uganda). Explanation of these findings based on social network characteristics and implications for policy and program development will be discussed.
Surface-induced order near the smectic-A - smectic-C transition: Comparison between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric compounds (1996)

Abstract Ellipsometric measurements on freely suspended liquid-crystal films are conducted in order to compare the formation of the smectic-C phase at the free surface of two liquid-crystal compounds. Whereas both compounds possess the smectic-A and the ferroelectric smectic-C phase, only one of the compounds shows in addition the antiferroelectric smectic-CA phase. Our results reveal that the latter compound shows a considerably reduced coupling of the molecular tilt in neighbouring smectic layers.
Endoscopic Management of Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis (2000)

Endoscopic sequestrectomy is a justified approach to skull base osteoradionecrosis.
Unlocking Interpretation in Near Infrared Multivariate Calibrations by Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (2008)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was developed primarily for applications such as the quantitative determination of nutrients in the agricultural and food industries. Examples include the determination of water, protein, and fat within complex samples such as grain and milk. Because of its useful properties, NIR analysis has spread to other areas such as chemistry and pharmaceutical production. NIR spectra consist of infrared overtones and combinations thereof, making interpretation of the results complicated. It can be very difficult to assign peaks to known constituents in the sample. Thus, multivariate analysis (MVA) has been crucial in translating spectral data into information, mainly for predictive purposes. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), a new MVA method, has prediction and modeling properties similar to those of other MVA techniques, e.g., partial least squares (PLS), a method with a long history of use for the analysis of NIR data. OPLS provides an intrinsic algorithmic improvement for the interpretation of NIR data. In this report, four sets of NIR data were analyzed to demonstrate the improved interpretation provided by OPLS. The first two sets included simulated data to demonstrate the overall principles; the third set comprised a statistically replicated design of experiments (DoE), to demonstrate how instrumental difference could be accurately visualized and correctly attributed to Wood's anomaly phenomena; the fourth set was chosen to challenge the MVA by using data relating to powder mixing, a crucial step in the pharmaceutical industry prior to tabletting. Improved interpretation by OPLS was demonstrated for all four examples, as compared to alternative MVA approaches. It is expected that OPLS will be used mostly in applications where improved interpretation is crucial; one such area is process analytical technology (PAT). PAT involves fewer independent samples, i.e., batches, than would be associated with agricultural applications; in addition, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) demands "process understanding" in PAT. Both these issues make OPLS the ideal tool for a multitude of NIR calibrations. In conclusion, OPLS leads to better interpretation of spectrometry data (e.g., NIR) and improved understanding facilitates cross-scientific communication. Such improved knowledge will decrease risk, with respect to both accuracy and precision, when using NIR for PAT applications.
A Comparison of Four Approaches to Photonic Integration (2017)

We present a techno-economic analysis of four different platforms for photonic integration: pure III-V/InP, pure SOI (monolithic silicon photonics), III-V heterogeneously integrated on SOI (heterogeneous integration), and III-V epitaxially grown on silicon.
Stemless Prosthesis for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (2017)

The fourth generation of humeral components currently are being used in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty. Anatomic shoulder arthroplasty implants have evolved to better re-create anatomy, improve fixation, preserve bone, and facilitate revision surgery. Most of the design changes for shoulder arthroplasty implants have centered on the humeral stem, with a transition to shorter, metaphyseal humeral stems. Many of these humeral component design changes may be beneficial; however, long-term studies are necessary to determine if the results of anatomic shoulder arthroplasty with the use of newer humeral components can match those of anatomic shoulder arthroplasty with the use of older humeral components.
Initialization behavior at various target molecular weight RAFT‐mediated methyl acrylate polymerizations (2008)

Abstract In the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerization of methyl acrylate, a selective reaction is observed in the early stages of the polymerization. This initialization process was earlier observed in in situ 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments where extremely low target molar masses were chosen (around DP = 5). Here, for the first time, the presence of the initialization process is identified as the cause of an induction period under typical conditions of a RAFT‐mediated polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2500–2509, 2008
Resilient Output Containment of Heterogeneous Cooperative and Adversarial Multigroup Systems (2019)

This note introduces a new concept of cooperative and adversarial multigroup system, which consists of cooperative leaders and followers, as well as adversaries. For example, cooperation of multiple military vehicles operate in complex dynamic networked environments with unknown enemies and hidden malicious attackers. The lack of global situational awareness in distributed settings makes autonomous vehicles prone to cyberattacks and infiltration. Each agent is unaware of the motives of its neighbors and may receive information/data from both the teammates and the adversaries. Secure and resilient control protocols are essential for the networked multigroup systems to prevent the adversaries’ attacks from propagating across the network, which may influence the system performance and even overall stability. To counter sensor faults and attacks from the adversaries, a distributed resilient control architecture is proposed, which guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop dynamical system. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
11-Oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid, an orally active antiallergy agent (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT11-Oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid, an orally active antiallergy agentCharles F. Schwender, Brooks R. Sunday, and David J. HerzigCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 1, 114–116Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00187a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00187a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bescherelle. La Grammaire pour tous (nouvelle éd.), N. Laurent (dir.) (2019)

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The Management of Hydrocephalus by Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Pediatric Patients with Posterior Fossa Tumors - A Preliminary Study (1996)

Chumas, Paul; Sainte-Rose, Christian; Cinalli, Guiseppe; Renier, Dominique; Zerah, Michel; Pierre-Kahn, Alain