gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid‐phase precipitation and extraction, a new separation process applied to the isolation of synthetic peptides (2001)

Abstract: A new method for separation and purification is described. The process, referred to as solid‐phase precipitation and extraction (SPPE), was developed and applied to postcleavage isolation of synthetic peptides. The technique uses normal approaches of chromatography and solid‐phase extraction sorbents with a precipitation or drying procedure so that the sorbent becomes a support matrix for thin‐film deposition of the compounds of interest. This procedure causes precipitated compounds of interest to be trapped on the large surface area or in the pores of the matrix so that by‐products and impurities can be removed by strong wash solvents. In application to solid‐phase peptide synthesis chemistry, by‐products from the cleavage and deprotection are selectively extracted from the crude sample mixture under mild conditions. In comparison to the ether precipitation method used in peptide chemistry, the SPPE process provides isolated products that are 14–17% (w/w) higher purity.
Supplemental Table 4 from Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Trastuzumab Emtansine in Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differentially expressed genes in T-DM1-resistant KPL-4 cells with respect to the parental cell line (fold change &gt; 2-fold and P &lt; 0.05 of individual probes for a given gene in the microarray)&lt;/p&gt;
Enrichment of Gene-Coding Sequences in Maize by Genome Filtration (2003)

Approximately 80% of the maize genome comprises highly repetitive sequences interspersed with single-copy, gene-rich sequences, and standard genome sequencing strategies are not readily adaptable to this type of genome. Methodologies that enrich for genic sequences might more rapidly generate useful results from complex genomes. Equivalent numbers of clones from maize selected by techniques called methylation filtering and High C0t selection were sequenced to generate approximately 200,000 reads (approximately 132 megabases), which were assembled into contigs. Combination of the two techniques resulted in a sixfold reduction in the effective genome size and a fourfold increase in the gene identification rate in comparison to a nonenriched library.
A Method for Endurance Testing of Enameled Round and Rectangular Wires for Motors Controlled by SiC-based Inverters (2021)

The purpose of this article is to propose a method for investigating the influence of the impulse voltage waveform generated by inverters based on wide bandgap semiconductors on the insulation endurance of magnet wires. In this regard, endurance tests of enamel insulation are performed on a designed test bench, which generates repetitive voltage pulses with ns-level rising and falling times corresponding to modern silicon carbide-based inverters. Furthermore, we suggest a novel specimen's shape for testing enameled rectangular section magnet wires which find their application in electric traction motors. Considerations related to the deterioration of dielectrics subjected to impulse voltage with high slew rates and high switching frequency are given.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic synthesis of methane from acetic acid - new Kolbe reaction pathway (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous photocatalytic synthesis of methane from acetic acid - new Kolbe reaction pathwayBernhard Kraeutler and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7, 2239–2240Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00475a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00475a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2094Altmetric-Citations321LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of radial basis functions to represent optical freeform surfaces (2010)

This paper presents the use of radial basis functions (RBF) for describing freeform optical surfaces. The RBF approximation framework along with preliminary optical design experiences will be summarized.
Superior room-temperature ductility of typically brittle quasicrystals at small sizes (2016)

The discovery of quasicrystals three decades ago unveiled a class of matter that exhibits long-range order but lacks translational periodicity. Owing to their unique structures, quasicrystals possess many unusual properties. However, a well-known bottleneck that impedes their widespread application is their intrinsic brittleness: plastic deformation has been found to only be possible at high temperatures or under hydrostatic pressures, and their deformation mechanism at low temperatures is still unclear. Here, we report that typically brittle quasicrystals can exhibit remarkable ductility of over 50% strains and high strengths of ∼4.5 GPa at room temperature and sub-micrometer scales. In contrast to the generally accepted dominant deformation mechanism in quasicrystals-dislocation climb, our observation suggests that dislocation glide may govern plasticity under high-stress and low-temperature conditions. The ability to plastically deform quasicrystals at room temperature should lead to an improved understanding of their deformation mechanism and application in small-scale devices.
Efficacy of an adapted granzyme B-based anti-CD30 cytolytic fusion protein against PI-9-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells in a murine model (2013)

Tumors develop when infiltrating immune cells contribute growth stimuli, and cancer cells are selected to survive within such a cytotoxic microenvironment. One possible immune-escape mechanism is the upregulation of PI-9 (Serpin B9) within cancer cells. This serine proteinase inhibitor selectively inactivates apoptosis-inducing granzyme B (GrB) from cytotoxic granules of innate immune cells. We demonstrate that most classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL)-derived cell lines express PI-9, which protects them against the GrB attack and thereby renders them resistant against GrB-based immunotherapeutics. To circumvent this disadvantage, we developed PI-9-insensitive human GrB mutants as fusion proteins to target the Hodgkin-selective receptor CD30. In contrast to the wild-type GrB, a R201K point-mutated GrB construct most efficiently killed PI-9-positive and -negative cHL cells. This was tested in vitro and also in vivo whereby a novel optical imaging-based tumor model with HL cell line L428 was applied. Therefore, this variant, as part of the next generation immunotherapeutics, also named cytolytic fusion proteins showing reduced immunogenicity, is a promising molecule for (targeted) therapy of patients with relapsing malignancies, such as cHL, and possibly other PI-9-positive malignancies, such as breast or lung carcinoma.
Physical properties of composites cured with conventional light or argon laser. (1996)

Herculite XRV's physical properties were not significantly affected by light source or exposure time. Light source or exposure time had no significant effect on DTS for Durafill VS. Significantly lower FS was found for Durafill VS, when cured for 10 seconds with the argon laser compared to 20 seconds with the laser or 40 seconds with the conventional light. In addition, significantly lower CS was found for the Durafill VS when polymerized with the laser at 10 seconds compared to the conventional light at 40 seconds.
Gut-Brain Axis and Behavior (2017)

In the last 5 years, interest in the interactions among the gut microbiome, brain, and behavior has exploded. Preclinical evidence supports a role of the gut microbiome in behavioral responses associated with pain, emotion, social interactions, and food intake. Limited, but growing, clinical evidence comes primarily from associations of gut microbial composition and function to behavioral and clinical features and brain structure and function. Converging evidence suggests that the brain and the gut microbiota are in bidirectional communication. Observed dysbiotic states in depression, chronic stress, and autism may reflect altered brain signaling to the gut, while altered gut microbial signaling to the brain may play a role in reinforcing brain alterations. On the other hand, primary dysbiotic states due to Western diets may signal to the brain, altering ingestive behavior. While studies performed in patients with depression and rodent models generated by fecal microbial transfer from such patients suggest causation, evidence for an influence of acute gut microbial alterations on human behavioral and clinical parameters is lacking. Only recently has an open-label microbial transfer therapy in children with autism tentatively validated the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target. The translational potential of preclinical findings remains unclear without further clinical investigation.
Guided seismic-to-well tying based on dynamic time warping (2012)

We present a semi-automatic alternative to the manual seismic-to-well tie. In the conventional procedure, the interpreter first creates a synthetic trace from edited well logs, determines the most appropriate bulk shift and polarity, and then applies the minimum amount of stretching and squeezing to best match the observed data. The last step can be compared with a visual pattern recognition step which often requires some experience. We replace the last step with constrained dynamic time warping to help guide the interpreter. The method automatically determines the appropriate amount of local stretching and squeezing to produce the highest correlation between the original data and the created synthetic trace. Results compare well with manual seismic-to-well ties; yet we advise against unsupervised applications as the method is intended as a guide instead of a fully automated blind approach.
Extension of the 2D-TCC technique to optimize mask pattern layouts (2008)

The extendibility of 2D-TCC technique to an isolated line of 45 nm width is investigated in this paper. The 2D-TCC technique optimizes mask patterns placing assist pattern automatically. For 45 nm line patterns, the assist pattern width generally becomes much smaller than the exposure wavelength of 193 nm. Thus, the impact of the topography of a mask is examined using an electro-magnetic field (EMF) simulation. This simulation indicates that unwanted assist pattern printings are brought about by assist patterns with a smaller size than expected by the Kirchhoff's approximation. The difference, however, can be easily solved by giving a bias to the main pattern in the optimized mask. The main pattern bias decreases DOF very little. Furthermore, DOF simulated with a thick mask model is roughly the same as that simulated with a thin mask model. Therefore the topography of the optimized mask does not have an influence on the assist pattern position of the optimized mask. From these results, we have confirmed that the 2D-TCC technique can be extended to the optimization of 45 nm line patterns. As one of the notable features, the optimized aperiodic assist pattern greatly reduces MEEF compared with the conventional periodic assist pattern. To verify the feasibility of the 2D-TCC technique for 45 nm line, we performed experiment with an optimized mask. Experimental results showed that DOF increased with the number of assist pattern as simulation indicated. In addition, a defect whose length was twice that of the assist pattern did not have an influence on CD. From these results we have confirmed that the 2D-TCC technique can enhance the resolution of 45 nm line and has practical feasibility.
Description Of A Dry Film Tactical Laser Beam Recorder (1981)

This article describes a laser beam image recorder, which has been designed and fielded for a minimum amount of flexibility for the operator and a maximum amount of control by a remote sensor minimizing the operator duties and requirements. It is also designed for the shelter environment of a tactical and field operation, where the environment is not so benign. With the advent of recent electronic sensors, the capability for data linking information directly to ground with immediate image production is now feasible. The laser beam recorder, which RCA chose to call the Tactical Laser Beam Recorder because of its application, has been designed to meet three general types of applications which are somewhat similar. They are systems with electronic sensors and data link capability, where images can be immediately produced, all in high resolution. The information from an Air Force remote sensor system is directed to the Tactical Laser II earn Recorder which records a latent image, immediately processes the film on a continuous in-line basis, and slides the film automatically across the photo-interpreter's tables. Simultaneously, a tape recorder records the information in the airborne reconnaissance plane in the event that a data link is not maintained,
[The doctor as seen by advertisements of drug companies of the 20th century]. (2009)

Pharmaceutical advertising during the XXth century was related to many subjects, the objective being to amuse physicians. One of the subject was the physician himself and its image throughout history. What can be found is the idea that the physician inherits a long tradition, but he is also able to laugh at himself doing his art.
Übergangsmetall‐Methylen‐Komplexe, XXIII. Carben‐Addition an eine FeFe‐Doppelbindung. Synthese von Nitrosyleisen‐Komplexen mit Methylen‐Brücken (1982)

Abstract Der Nitrosyleisen‐Komplex 1 reagiert mit den Diazoalkanen 2a–g im Temperaturbereich –80 bis +25°C unter rascher Stickstoff‐Eliminierung und gleichzeitiger Komplexierung der den Diazo‐Vorstufen zugrundeliegenden Carbene als Brückenliganden. Im Zuge dieser als Carben‐Additionen an die reaktive Eisen–Eisen‐„Doppelbindung”︁ von 1 zu klassifizierenden Reaktionen bilden sich die dreifach verbrückten μ‐Methylen‐Komplexe (μ‐CRR')[η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Fe(μ‐NO)] 2 ( 3d–g ), die infolge der großen Raumerfüllung der Substituenten R und R' und/oder der Resistenz der NO‐Brücken gegen Isomerisierung in Substanz isolierbar sind. Die sterisch weniger anspruchsvollen Diazoalkane 2–c ergeben die einfach verbrückten Derivate (μ‐CRR')[(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )‐Fe(NO)] 2 ( 4a–c ), deren Bildung auf die in den Vorstufen vom Typ 3 mögliche Nitrosyl‐Isomerie zurückzuführen ist.
Influence of Nest Deprivation on Behaviour, Hormonal Concentrations and on the Ability to Resume Incubation in Domestic Hens (Gallus domesticus) (1996)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the influence of the length of nest deprivation period (3 vs. 6 d) on the ability to renest of incubating hens. We focused on the hens' behaviour, particularly on nesting and calls, on their prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestradiol concentrations. Nest deprivation induced a drop of prolactin and an increase of LH plasmatic concentrations in hens. These changes in circulating pituitary hormones were followed by changes in ovarian function: the persistent rise of plasmatic oestradiol gave evidence of the resumption of ovarian activity. After nest deprivation, the number of clucks increased significantly and food calls appeared; these results demonstrate that ‘maternal’ calls can be emitted outside the maternal context. Our results suggest that the onset of typical maternal calling is strongly controlled by internal state such as plasmatic hormonal concentrations, independently of social stimulation. None of the 10 hens deprived for 6 d resumed incubation when given the opportunity, whereas, after a 3 d deprivation period, three out of 10 hens renested and two hens incubated sporadically and then gradually abandoned their nests. Long periods of nest deprivation appear to disrupt the habits of sitting and nesting. Before nest reopening, all the hens presented low levels of plasmatic prolactin. Plasma prolactin concentrations of the renesting hens increased after nest boxes were reopened and returned to levels found in incubating hens. We suggest that pituitary prolactin rather than plasmatic prolactin is responsible for the maintenance of incubating potential in hens deprived of their nests.
Vascular Damage in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Relation to Neuronal and Glial Changes (2005)

Diabetic C57Bl/6J mice develop capillary lesion that are characteristic of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients. The data suggest that diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries can develop independent of neuronal loss or chronic GFAP upregulation in glial cells.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Variable Biological Effectiveness of Proton Therapy in U-CH2 and MUG-Chor1 Human Chordoma Cell Death (2021)

Chordoma is a cancer of spinal cord, skull base, and sacral area. Currently, the standard of care to treat chordoma is resection followed by radiation therapy. Since, chordoma is present in the spinal cord and these are very sensitive structures and often complete removal by surgery is not possible. As a result, chordoma has a high chance of recurrence and developing resistance to radiation therapy. In addition, treatment of chordoma by conventional radiation therapy can also damage normal tissues surrounding chordoma. Thus, current therapeutic options to treat chordoma are insufficient and novel therapies are desperately needed to treat locally advanced and metastatic chordoma. (2) Methods: In the present investigation, human chordoma cell lines of sacral origin MUG-Chor1 and U-CH2 were cultured and irradiated with Proton Beam Radiation using the clinical superconducting cyclotron and pencil-beam (active) scanning at Middle and End of the Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP). Proton radiation was given at the following doses: Mug-Chor1 at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 Gy and U-CH2 at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 Gy. These doses were selected based on a pilot study in our lab and attempted to produce approximate survival fractions in the range of 1, 0.9, 0.5, 0.1, and 0.01, respectively, chosen for linear quadratic model fitting of the dose response. (3) Results: In this study, we investigated relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton radiation at the end of Spread Out Bragg Peak assuming that the reference radiation is a proton radiation in the middle of the SOBP. We observed differences in the survival of both Human chordoma cell lines, U-CH2 and MUG-Chor1. The data showed that there was a significantly higher cell death at the end of the Bragg peak as compared to middle of the Bragg peak. Based on the linear quadratic (LQ) fit for cell survival we calculated the RBE between M-SOBP and E-SOBP at 95% CI level and it was observed that RBE was higher than 1 at E-SOBP and caused significantly higher cell killing. Proton field at E-SOBP caused complex DNA damage in comparison to M-EOBP and the genes such as DNA topoisomerase 1, <i>GTSE1</i>, <i>RAD51B</i> were downregulated in E-SOBP treated cells. Thus, we conclude that there seems to be substantial variation in RBE (1.3-1.7) at the E-SOBP compared with the M-SOBP.
Abnormal oxidation characteristics of SiGe∕Si-on-insulator structures depending on piled-up Ge fraction at SiO2∕SiGe interface (2008)

Oxidation characteristics of SiGe (Ge fraction of 0%–50%) layers grown on Si-on-insulator structures were investigated in a wide temperature range, for which different oxidation features were observed in low (&amp;lt;680°C), middle (700–800°C), and high (&amp;gt;800°C) temperature regions. In the low temperature region, enhanced oxidation dependent on the initial Ge fraction of the SiGe layers was observed. This is because the Ge fractions at the SiO2∕SiGe interfaces did not change from the initial Ge fractions in this region. In the high temperature region, the oxidation rates did not depend on the Ge fraction. This is because thick SiO2 (&amp;gt;200nm) formed in this region and, thus, oxidation rates were limited by the diffusion process of O atoms through the SiO2 layer. In the middle temperature region, an abnormal phenomenon was found; i.e., the oxidation rates did not depend on temperature for samples with high initial Ge fractions (&amp;gt;20%). Quantitative relations between the oxidation rate and fraction of Ge atoms piled up at the SiO2∕SiGe interfaces were obtained. Based on these findings, a model for temperature independent oxidation was proposed and it explains the contradicting oxidation rates, i.e. Ge enhanced oxidation and Ge retarded oxidation, in the literature.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate co-producing NDM-1 with KPC-2 from India. (2011)

No abstract available PMID: 21990048
LABORATORY KNEADING OF SOIL TO SIMULATE FIELD COMPACTION (1952)

THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOIL COMPACTION ARE DISCUSSED AND THE FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A SATISFACTORY LABORATORY-COMPACTION TEST ARE SET FORTH. FIELD CURVES OBTAINED BY THE USE OF SHEEPSFOOT ROLLERS AND RUBBER-TIRED ROLLERS ARE COMPARED WITH LABORATORY CURVES OBTAINED BY STATIC LOADING, IMPACT LOADING (PROCTOR COMPACTION), AND STATIC COMPACTION. THE KNEADING STATIC COMPACTOR DEVELOPED AT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FOR SIMULATING MORE CLOSELY THE ACTION OF FIELD COMPACTING EQUIPMENT IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. DATA ARE PRESENTED TO SHOW THAT THE POSITION OF THE OPTIMUM CURVE WITH RESPECT TO THE ZERO AIR-VOIDS CURVE IS A FUNCTION OF THE TIME INCREMENT THAT THE FOOT PRESSURE IS MAINTAINED. /AUTHOR/
An organoid and multi-organ developmental cell atlas reveals multilineage fate specification in the human intestine (2020)

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) generated from pluripotent stem cells provide extraordinary opportunities to explore development and disease. Here, we generate a single-cell transcriptome reference atlas from HIOs and from multiple developing human organs to quantify the specificity of HIO cell fate acquisition, and to explore alternative fates. We identify epithelium-mesenchyme interactions, transcriptional regulators involved in cell fate specification, and stem cell maturation features in the primary tissue that are recapitulated in HIOs. We use an HIO time course to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal stem cell emergence, as well as the specification of multiple mesenchyme subtypes. We find that the intestinal master regulator CDX2 correlates with distinct phases of epithelial and mesenchymal development, and CDX2 deletion perturbs the differentiation of both intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme. Collectively our data provides a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of HIO development, and illuminates the molecular machinery underlying endodermal and mesodermal cell fate specification.
QED Response of the Vacuum (2019)

We present a new perspective of the link between QED and Maxwell's equations. We demonstrate that the interpretation of $\mathbf{D}=\varepsilon_{0} \mathbf{E}$ as vacuum polarization is consistent with QED. A free electromagnetic field polarizes the vacuum, but the polarization and magnetization currents cancel giving zero source current. The speed of light is a universal constant, while the fine structure constant, which couples the electromagnetic field to matter, runs as it should.