gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding ferroelectric Al:HfO2 thin films with Si-based electrodes for 3D applications (2017)

Ferroelectric hafnium oxide is a promising candidate for logic and memory applications as it maintains excellent ferroelectric properties at nm-size ensuring compatibility with state of the art semiconductor manufacturing. Most of the published papers report on the study of this material through Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitors or Metal-Insulator-Silicon transistors. However, for 3D vertical transistors in which both the channel and gate are polysilicon, the case of silicon-based electrodes cannot be ignored. In this paper, we report the fabrication of various ferroelectric capacitors with silicon (S) based conductive layers and titanium nitride metal (M) electrodes using aluminum doped hafnium oxide (I). The ferroelectric device with silicon-based electrodes shows superior polarization and steeper switching. These results pave the way toward 3D integration for potential 3D NAND replacement.
Outer-membrane protein LptD (PA0595) plays a role in the regulation of alginate synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2018)

LptD plays a specific role in alginate production. Our findings suggest that there are two pathways for the production of alginate in P. aeruginosa, one involving AlgW in the wild-type, and one involving AlgO in the mucA22 mutant.
A patch source model for treatment planning of ruthenium ophthalmic applicators (2003)

Beta-ray emitting Ru-106/Rh-106 ophthalmic applicators have been used for close to 4 decades in the treatment of choroidal melanoma. The form factor of these applicators is a spherically concave silver bowl with an inner radius of curvature between 12 and 14 mm, and a total shell thickness of 1 mm. The radioactive nuclide is deposited in a layer 0.1 mm below the concave surface of the applicator. Calculation of dose distributions for clinical treatment planning purposes is complicated by the concave nature of the distributed source, the asymmetric shape of the active region of some applicators, imperfections in the manufacturing process which can result in an inhomogeneous distribution of activity across the active surface, and absorption and scatter in the 0.1 mm layer of silver which seals and protects the radioactive layer. A semi-empirical method of calculating dose distributions for these applicators is described which is fundamentally compatible with treatment planning systems that use the AAPM TG43 brachytherapy formalism. Dose to water is estimated by summing a "patch source" dose function over a discrete number of overlapping patches uniformly distributed over the active surface of the applicator. The patch source dose function differs conceptually from a point source dose function in that it is intended to represent the macroscopic behavior of a small, disk-like region of the applicator. The patch source dose function includes an anisotropy term to account for angular variation in absorption and scatter as particles traverse the 0.1 mm silver window. It geometrically models the nearfield of a patch with properties akin to both a small disk and infinite plane, and models the farfield as if the patch were a point. This allows a manageable number of discrete patches (300 to 1000) to provide accuracy appropriate for clinical treatment planning. This approach has the advantages of using familiar concepts and data structures, it is computationally quick, and it readily adapts to asymmetric applicator shapes and inhomogeneities in the radionuclide distribution. A method for optimizing the patch source dose function parameters is presented, and the dosimetric calculations are compared with published Monte Carlo calculations and measurements.
Uncoupling protein-2 is an antioxidant that is up-regulated in the enamel organ of fluoride-treated rats (2014)

Dental fluorosis is characterized by subsurface hypomineralization and retention of enamel matrix proteins. Fluoride (F(-)) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress. We therefore screened oxidative stress arrays to identify genes regulated by F(-) exposure. Vitamin E is an antioxidant so we asked if a diet high in vitamin E would attenuate dental fluorosis. Maturation stage incisor enamel organs (EO) were harvested from F(-)-treated rats and mice were assessed to determine if vitamin E ameliorates dental fluorosis. Uncoupling protein-2 (Ucp2) was significantly up-regulated by F(-) (∼1.5 & 2.0 fold for the 50 or 100 ppm F(-) treatment groups, respectively). Immunohistochemical results on maturation stage rat incisors demonstrated that UCP2 protein levels increased with F(-) treatment. UCP2 down-regulates mitochondrial production of ROS, which decreases ATP production. Thus, in addition to reduced protein translation caused by ER-stress, a reduction in ATP production by UCP2 may contribute to the inability of ameloblasts to remove protein from the hardening enamel. Fluoride-treated mouse enamel had significantly higher quantitative fluorescence (QF) than the untreated controls. No significant QF difference was observed between control and vitamin E-enriched diets within a given F(-) treatment group. Therefore, a diet rich in vitamin E did not attenuate dental fluorosis. We have identified a novel oxidative stress response gene that is up-regulated in vivo by F(-) and activation of this gene may adversely affect ameloblast function.
A non-oxo methanolate-bridged divanadium(IV) complex with tris(2-sulfanidylphenyl)phosphane ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic investigation (2016)

Vanadium chemistry is of interest due its biological relevance and medical applications. In particular, the interactions of high-valent vanadium ions with sulfur-containing biologically important molecules, such as cysteine and glutathione, might be related to the redox conversion of vanadium in ascidians, the function of amavadin (a vanadium-containing anion) and the antidiabetic behaviour of vanadium compounds. A mechanistic understanding of these aspects is important. In an effort to investigate high-valent vanadium-sulfur chemistry, we have synthesized and characterized the non-oxo divanadium(IV) complex salt tetraphenylphosphonium tri-μ-<!?tlsb=-0.11pt>methanolato-κ(6)O:O-bis({tris[2-sulfanidyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]phosphane-κ(4)P,S,S',S''}vanadium(IV)) methanol disolvate, (C24H20P)[V(IV)2(μ-OCH3)3(C27H36PS3)2]·2CH3OH. Two V(IV) metal centres are bridged by three methanolate ligands, giving a C2-symmetric V2(μ-OMe)3 core structure. Each V(IV) centre adopts a monocapped trigonal antiprismatic geometry, with the P atom situated in the capping position and the three S atoms and three O atoms forming two triangular faces of the trigonal antiprism. The magnetic data indicate a paramagnetic nature of the salt, with an S = 1 spin state.
Expression of voltage‐gated calcium channel subunit α1C in epidermal keratinocytes and effects of agonist and antagonists of the channel on skin barrier homeostasis (2006)

Recent studies demonstrated that skin surface electric conditions affect epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. These results suggest the existence of voltage sensor on the keratinocytes of the epidermis. On the contrary, specific blockers of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) also affect epidermal barrier homeostasis, but the existence and function of the channel has not been determined. We demonstrated here immunohistochemically the expression of the main subunit of the L-type VGCC, alpha1C, which alone has a calcium channel function, in mouse and human epidermis. Immunostaining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting were carried out to detect the channel protein. Messenger RNA of alpha1C was also detected in mouse epidermis and human keratinocyte culture by RT-PCR. We also evaluated the function of the channel in the cultured human keratinocytes. Previously, we demonstrated that influx of calcium ion into epidermal keratinocytes delayed the barrier recovery after barrier disruption and topical application of calcium channel blocker accelerated the barrier recovery. In this study, topical application of nifedipine and R-(+)-BAY K8644 after tape stripping of hairless mice accelerated the barrier repair rate while application of S-(-)-BAY K8644 delayed the barrier recovery. These results suggest that the VGCC exists on epidermal keratinocytes and plays an important role in skin barrier homeostasis.
Recurrent Design of Probing Waveform for Sparse Bayesian Learning Based DOA Estimation (2022)

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation can be represented as a sparse signal recovery problem and effectively solved by sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). For the DOA estimation in active sensing, the SBL-based estimation error is related to the transmitted probing waveform. Therefore, it is expected to improve the estimation by waveform optimization. In this paper, we propose a recurrent scheme of waveform design by sequentially leveraging on the previous-round SBL estimates. Within this scheme, we formulate the waveform design problem as a minimization of the SBL estimation variance, which is non-convex and then solved by a majorization-minimization based algorithm. The simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design scheme in terms of avoiding incorrect detection and accelerating the DOA estimation convergence. Further, the results indicate that the waveform design is essentially a beampattern shaping methodology.
Multibit Data Storage States Formed in Plasma-Treated MoS2 Transistors (2014)

New multibit memory devices are desirable for improving data storage density and computing speed. Here, we report that multilayer MoS2 transistors, when treated with plasmas, can dramatically serve as low-cost, nonvolatile, highly durable memories with binary and multibit data storage capability. We have demonstrated binary and 2-bit/transistor (or 4-level) data states suitable for year-scale data storage applications as well as 3-bit/transistor (or 8-level) data states for day-scale data storage. This multibit memory capability is hypothesized to be attributed to plasma-induced doping and ripple of the top MoS2 layers in a transistor, which could form an ambipolar charge-trapping layer interfacing the underlying MoS2 channel. This structure could enable the nonvolatile retention of charged carriers as well as the reversible modulation of polarity and amount of the trapped charge, ultimately resulting in multilevel data states in memory transistors. Our Kelvin force microscopy results strongly support this hypothesis. In addition, our research suggests that the programming speed of such memories can be improved by using nanoscale-area plasma treatment. We anticipate that this work would provide important scientific insights for leveraging the unique structural property of atomically layered two-dimensional materials in nanoelectronic applications.
Nonlinear Optical Fiber Couplers Made of Chalcogenide Glass (2022)

We demonstrate chalcogenide optical fiber couplers designed with a transmission spectrum response that depends on the input power. The measured switching power is as low as 126 W at a wavelength of 1938 nm .
High‐Performance Thermoresponsive Dual‐Output Dye System for Smart Textile Application (2019)

Abstract Smart textiles exhibiting optical response to external temperature stimuli are promising functional materials for a wide range of applications. It is critical yet challenging to endow these materials with high‐contrast, vivid, and real‐time optical signals, such as changes in color or fluorescent emission, for the indication of heating and/or cooling. A thermoresponsive dye system featuring simultaneous thermochromism and thermofluorescence is developed and applied to dyeing of polyester fabrics. The dye system is constructed by encapsulating a solution of indenoquinacridone (IQA) in aliphatic alcohol into SiO 2 nanoparticles. The dual‐output response relies on the mechanism of solvent‐modulated dissociation/aggregation of the IQA molecules. Upon heating, the dye system and the dyed fabric exhibit clear color change and high‐contrast, turned‐on fluorescence, in a real time and highly reversible manner. The thermoresponsive temperature can be tailored by varying the aliphatic alcohol solvent with different melting point. The integration of high‐contrast dual optical outputs into this programmable, robust, and reversible dye system lays the foundation for its employment in a wide range of challenging applications in smart textiles.
Improving primary frequency response in networked microgrid operations using multilayer perceptron‐driven reinforcement learning (2020)

Individual microgrids can improve the reliability of power systems during extreme events, and networked microgrids can further improve efficiency through resource sharing and increase the resilience of critical end‐use loads. However, networked microgrid operations can be subject to large transients due to switching and end‐use loads, which can cause dynamic instability and lead to system collapse. These transients are especially prevalent in microgrids with high penetrations of grid‐following inverter‐connected renewable energy resources, which do not provide the system inertia or fast frequency response needed to mitigate the transients. One potential mitigation is to engage the existing generator controls to reduce system voltage in response to a frequency deviation, thereby reducing load and improving primary frequency response. This study investigates the use of a reinforcement‐learning‐based controller trained over several switching transient scenarios to modify generator controls during large frequency deviations. Compared to previously used proportional–integral controllers, the proposed controller can improve primary frequency response while adapting to changes in system topologies and conditions.
Incorporating Internet-based Interventions into Couple Therapy: Available Resources and Recommended Uses (2014)

Although there are a number of highly efficacious in-person treatments designed to ameliorate relationship distress, only a small proportion of distressed couples seek out in-person treatment. Recently developed internet-based interventions based on these in-person treatments are a promising way to circumvent common barriers to in-person treatment and give more distressed couples access to these efficacious interventions. The overarching aims of this review are to provide couple and family therapists with a broad overview of the available internet-based interventions and provide suggestions about how these interventions might be utilized before, during, or after in-person treatment. First, we review internet-based interventions targeting individual psychopathology (e.g. anxiety and depression). These interventions would be particularly useful as an adjunctive resource for in-person couple or family therapy when referrals for a concurrent in-person individual therapist are not feasible (because of time, financial, or geographic constraints). The majority of the review centers on internet-based interventions for distressed couples and covers four distinct types of resources: relationship advice websites, assessment/feedback interventions, enrichment interventions for satisfied couples, and interventions targeting at-risk or distressed couples. We close with a case study of one couple's journey through a newly developed intervention targeting at-risk couples, OurRelationship.com, and provide two appendices with information on currently available internet-based interventions.
32 Cross validation of best linear unbiased predictions of breeding values using an efficient leave-one-out strategy (2020)

Abstract Efficient strategies have been developed for leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) of predicted phenotypes in a simple model with an overall mean and marker effects or animal genetic effects to evaluate the accuracy of genomic predictions. For such a model, the correlation between the predicted and the observed phenotype is identical to the correlation between the observed phenotype and the estimated breeding value (EBV). When the model is more complex, with multiple fixed and random effects, although the correlation between the observed and predicted phenotype can be obtained efficiently by LOOCV, it is not equal to the correlation between the observed phenotype and EBV, which is the statistic of interest. The objective here was to develop and evaluate an efficient LOOCV method for EBV or for predictions of other random effects under a general mixed linear model. The approach is based on treated all effects in the model, with large variances for fixed effects. Naïve LOOCV requires inverting the (n - 1) x (n - 1) dimensional phenotypic covariance matrix for each of the n (= no. observations) training data sets. Our method efficiently obtains these inverses from the inverse of the phenotypic covariance matrix for all n observations. Naïve LOOCV of EBV by pre-correction of fixed effects using the training data (Naïve LOOCV) and the new efficient LOOCV were compared. The new efficient LOOCV for EBV was 962 times faster than Naïve LOOCV. Prediction accuracies from the two strategies were the same (0.20). Funded by USDA-NIFA grant # 2017-67007-26144.
Peer Reviewed: Orthogonal-Injection TOFMS for Analyzing Biomolecules. (1999)

Orthogonal injection provides a high- efficiency interface for transferring ions from a continuous beam to a pulsed mode and makes it easier to obtain high resolution.
Comparison of epirubicin hydrochloride and miriplatin hydrate as anticancer agents for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

In TACE naïve cases, there was no significant difference in local control between EPIR and MPT.
Benefits of a Short-Term Engineering Study Abroad: A Survey of Students Over the Past 15 Years (2019)

Abstract Since 2004, Brigham Young University has offered a graduate study abroad course in mechanical engineering to help prepare students to be leaders in globally-influenced product development organizations. The course is offered as a study abroad program where faculty lead a group of students across several countries to learn about global product development. This is accomplished in a 2–3 week time period consisting of visits to companies and universities as well as participation in cultural activities. While much research has been done on the benefits of study abroad, it remains unclear how effective study abroad programs are at helping engineering students, especially short-term study abroad programs. The purpose of this paper is to present and examine the benefits of a short-term, study abroad program to engineering students. Data was collected from students who have taken the Global Product Development Course over the past 15 years in a mixed methods survey. Trends show that technical and cultural visits positively effect engineering students in their perception of global product development. It is also shown that a short, 2–3 week, engineering study abroad program can be as or more effective than traditional study abroad programs in certain areas.
ChemInform Abstract: An Antiinflammatory Cum Immunomodulatory Piperidinylbenzopyranone from Dysoxylum binectariferum: Isolation, Structure and Total Synthesis. (1988)

Abstract Starting with the reaction between the compounds (I) and (II), the racemic cis alcohol (IV) is synthesized as shown in the scheme.
Hemodynamic Correlates of Blood Pressure Across the Adult Age Spectrum (2010)

Higher pulse pressure at any age and higher pulse pressure with advancing age is associated predominantly with a larger forward pressure wave. The influence of wave reflection on age-related differences in pulse pressure was minor.
Optical material of high refractive index resin composed of sulfur-containing aromatic methacrylates (2000)

A resin with a high refractive index and a high Abbe number can be produced by radical polymerization of a polymerizable monomer mixture composed of essentially sulfur-containing aromatic methacrylates. An optical material composed of said resin is provided especially for lenses. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 50–54, 2000
Retinoic Acid Can Exacerbate T Cell Intrinsic TLR2 Activation to Promote Tolerance (2015)

The contribution of vitamin A to immune health has been well established. However, recent evidence indicates that its active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), has the ability to promote both tolerogenic and inflammatory responses. While the outcome of RA-mediated immunity is dependent upon the immunological status of the tissue, the contribution of specific innate signals influencing this response have yet to be delineated. Here, we found that treatment with RA can dampen inflammation during intestinal injury. Importantly, we report a novel and unexpected requirement for TLR2 in RA-mediated suppression. Our data demonstrate that RA treatment enhances TLR2-dependent IL-10 production from T cells and this, in turn, potentiates T regulatory cell (TREG) generation without the need for activation of antigen presenting cells. These data also suggest that combinatorial therapy using RA and TLR2 ligands may be advantageous in the design of therapies to treat autoimmune or inflammatory disease.
Three-dimensional organization of chromatin fibers in situ examined by EM tomography (1992)

Electron tomography is being used to understand the 3D organization of chromatin in situ . As demonstrated previously, the nuclei of Patiria miniata (starfish) sperm contain particularly well-defined chromatin fibers. These studies are being extended through the analysis of 3D reconstructions of material embedded at low temperature in Lowicryl K11M and contrasted with osmium ammine-B, which preferentially stains nucleic acids. Tilt series of sections were recorded at 150KV, over an angular range of +/−75° and tilt increment of 2.5° using a Philips EM430. Image data were collected directly using a 1024x1024 CCD array with 2x2 binning to give a final pixel size of 1.3nm. Gold beads deposited on the sections were used for alignment, and reconstruction was by weighted back projection. Six volumes totalling 0.48um and containing numerous chromatin fibers have been examined utilizing Voxel View (Vital Images, Fairfield Iowa) software running on a Silicon Graphics Iris 4D workstation.
Low-Complexity Explicit MPC Controller for Vehicle Lateral Motion Control (2018)

We consider the problem of controlling the vehicle lateral motion in highway scenarios while guaranteeing safety. We propose a solution consisting of a Low-Complexity Explicit Model Predictive Controller (LC-EMPC), where the lateral deviation from the desired path is hard constrained according to prescribed bounds. The robust satisfaction of such safety constraints can be achieved by imposing the terminal state to enter a Robust Invariant Set (RIS), which is known to result into a potentially high number of additional constraints, thus increasing the computational complexity of the controller. Our controller, instead, relies on recent results on the calculation of low-complexity RIS to significantly reduce the number of constraints in the MPC controller. Simulation results show that the designed controller is able to meet the desired objectives with highly reduced complexity.