gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlations Between Lactate and Ventilatory Thresholds and the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Elite Cyclists (2004)

We investigated the validity of different lactate and ventilatory threshold methods, to estimate heart rate and power output corresponding with the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) in elite cyclists. Elite cyclists (n = 21; 21 +/- 0.4 y; VO2peak, 5.4 +/- 0.2 l x min (-1)) performed either one (n = 10) or two (n = 11) maximal graded exercise tests, as well as two to three 30-min constant-load tests to determine MLSS, on their personal race bicycle which was mounted on an ergometer. Initial workload for the graded tests was 100 Watt and was increased by either 5 % of body mass (in Watt) with every 30 s (T30 s), or 60 % of body mass (in Watt) with every 6 min (T6min). MLSS was defined as the highest constant workload during which lactate increased no more than 1 mmol x l (-1) from min 10 to 30. In T30 s and T6 min the 4 mmol (TH-La4), the Conconi (TH-Con) and dmax (TH-Dm) lactate threshold were determined. The dmax lactate threshold was defined as the point that yields the maximal distance from the lactate curve to the line formed by the lowest and highest lactate values of the curve. In T30 s also ventilatory (TH-Ve) and Vslope (TH-Vs) thresholds were calculated. Time to exhaustion was 36 +/- 1 min for T30 s versus 39 +/- 1 min for T6 min. None of the threshold measures in T30 s, except TH-Vs (r2 = 0.77 for heart rate) correlated with either MLSS heart rate or power output. During T6 min, power output at TH-Dm was closely correlated with MLSS power (r2=0.72). Low correlations were found between MLSS heart rate and heart rate measured at TH-Dm (r2=0.46) and TH-La4 (r2=0.25), respectively, during T6 min. It is concluded that it is not possible to precisely predict heart rate or power output corresponding with MLSS in elite cyclists, from a single graded exercise test causing exhaustion within 35-40 min. The validity of MLSS predicted from an incremental test must be verified by a 30-min constant-load test.
A compact slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide cavity filter (2015)

This paper describes a miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter by considering slow-wave substrate integrated waveguides. Compared to conventional SIW, the proposed topology includes internal blind metalized via-holes connected to the bottom metalized layer. These via-holes tend to confine the electric field in the upper part, while the magnetic field remains present in the whole substrate. Thus, a slow-wave effect is obtained by the physical separation of electric and magnetic fields. Using this novel topology, a 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order cavity filter centered at 11 GHz exhibiting a bandwidth of 900 MHz was designed, realized and measured. The filter surface area is more than three times smaller compared to classical SIW approaches. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations, validating the potential of the SW-SIW topology for RF and millimeter wave applications.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lymphatic Imaging in Lymphangiomatosis (2015)

Further research into anatomical and functional lymphatic changes associated with the progression and treatment of lymphangiomatosis could aid in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease as well as point to treatment strategies.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Poly[2-(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2-yl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] and Its Copolymers Containing 2-(2-Ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene Units (2002)

A PPV derivative bearing the dihexylfluorenyl pendants, poly[2-(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2-yl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (DHF−PPV) and its copolymers containing the dialkoxy-substituted phenylenevinylene units, i.e., poly[(2-(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2-yl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene)-co-(2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)s], were prepared, and luminescence properties of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with them were studied. The copolymers 92.5 DHF/7.5 MEH−PPV and 50.5 DHF/49.5 MEH−PPV contained 7.5 and 49.5 mol % of the dialkoxy comonomer units, respectively. The structure of LED devices was ITO/PEDOT (25 nm)/polymer (80 nm)/Ca (50 nm)/Al (50 nm). The wavelengths of maximum emitted light of the devices were 519 nm (green), 560 nm (yellow), and 585 nm (orange-red) for DHF−PPV and the two copolymers. Turn-on electric fields decreased in the order of DHF−PPV (0.54 MV/cm) > 92.5 DHF/7.5 MEH−PPV (0.43 MV/cm) > 50.5 DHF/49.5 MEH−PPV (0.29 MV/cm). Luminance efficiencies of the three devices were 2.3, 1.0, and 0.9 cd/A for 92.5 DHF/7.5 MEH−PPV, 50.5 DHF/49.5 MEH−PPV, and DHF−PPV, respectively. The maximum luminance for the device of DHF−PPV was 1.6 × 104 cd/m2, and the value increased to 2.7 × 104 cd/m2 for 97.5 DHF/7.5 MEH−PPV. The maximum luminance of the other copolymer was about 1.9 × 104 cd/m2. The study of time-resolved PL of the present polymers strongly suggests that a correlation exists between their PL decay behavior and EL efficiency. The mobilities of the charge carriers, i.e., hole and electron, are better balanced (υh/υe ∼ 10) in DHF−PPV than in MEH−PPV (υh/υe ∼ 102).
Über Reaktionen von cyclo‐Thiazylhalogeniden mit LEWIS‐Säuren (1975)

Abstract S 3 N 3 Cl 3 und S 3 N 3 F 3 reagieren mit L EWIS ‐Säuren wie SbCl 5 bzw. SbF 5 , AsF 5 und BF 3 zu den ionischen Verbindungen S 3 N 3 Cl 2 + SbCl bzw. S 3 N 3 F MF (BF 4 − ), wie aus spektroskopischen Untersuchungen und durch Vergleich mit den Addukten S 4 N 4 · AsF 5 und S 4 N 4 · SbCl 5 hervorgeht. Die stark hydrolyseempfindlichen Salze sind bei Raumtemperatur in trockenen Glasgefäßen stabil, beim Erhitzen jedoch wird der (NS) 3 ‐Ring gespalten; S 3 N 3 F 2 + AsF z. B. zerfällt bei 85°C in NS + AsF und NSF. Der (NSF) 4 ‐Ring ist noch wesentlich instabiler, aus der Umsetzung mit überschüssigem AsF 5 in flüssigem SO 2 wird ein Gemisch aus NS + AsF und S 3 N 3 F AsF isoliert.
3.3 kV 4H-SiC Planar-Gate MOSFETs Manufactured using Gen-5 PRESiCE™ Technology in a 4-inch Wafer Commercial Foundry (2021)

The successful fabrication of 3.3 kV 4H-SiC Planar-Gate MOSFETs in a 4" commercial foundry using the Gen-5 PRESiCE™ technology is reported in this paper. Both Accumulation-channel MOSFETs (ACCUFETs) and Inversion-channel MOSFETs (INVFETs) were successfully manufactured. The electrical characteristics of the two types of fabricated devices are compared in this paper. The wafer yield data indicates that gate-source shorts were the yield-limiting criteria. This effort establishes a second source foundry for manufacturing SiC power devices in the United States.
Serotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining of inclusions in cell culture with monoclonal antibodies (1991)

A new method for determining the serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates by utilizing fluorescent-antibody staining of inclusions in cell culture is described. Monoclonal antibodies which have been successfully used previously for serotyping in the microimmunofluorescence test were employed. The cell culture method offers two advantages over the microimmunofluorescence test for many laboratories. It requires less antigen of the new isolate, about 10% cell culture infectivity versus 50% for the microimmunofluorescence test. Although fewer isolates can be typed at one time in cell culture, the technical requirements of the test are less rigorous.
Development of design principles for form-fit joints in lightweight frame structures (2010)

Based on fundamental technological investigations, alternative joining strategies using electromagnetic forming (EMF) for the flexible production of lightweight frame structures are developed in the collaborative research project SFB/TR10. The results of these investigations will also be used to create general design principles for the joining process itself as well as for the joining zone. The focus of this article will be on dominating form-fit joints of aluminum frame structures and the parameters which have a significant influence on the strength of those joints. For the development of design principles regarding the joining zone, the groove geometry of the connection elements was varied in terms of size and shape, and the influence of those variations was analyzed. In terms of the joining process itself the effect on the joint strength of different forming pressures for a given groove geometry was also investigated. In the first step these experiments were performed on solid mandrels. In order to reduce the weight of the structure, experiments were then performed with hollow connection elements and similar groove geometries to analyze how the reduced stiffness of those elements affected the strength of the joints.
Tunable porous photonic bandgap structures for chemical and biological sensing (2006)

The development of porous nanostructured materials, such as polymer Bragg gratings, offer an attractive and unique platform for chemical and biological recognition elements. Much of the efforts in polymeric gratings have been focused on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings with demonstrated applications in switching, lasing, and display devices. Here, we present the application of porous polymer photonic bandgap structures produced using a modified holographic method that includes a solvent as a phase separation fluid. The resulting gratings are simple to fabricate, stable, tunable, and highly versatile. Moreover, these acrylate porous polymer photonic bandgap structures were generated using a simple one-beam setup. In this paper, we describe the application of these nanoporous polymer gratings as a general template for biochemical recognition elements. As a prototype, we developed an oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) sensor by encapsulating the fluorophore (tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenathroline)ruthenium(II) within these nanostructured materials. Thus, the obtained O<sub>2</sub> sensors performed through the full-scale range (0%-100%) with a response time of less than 1 second. Most importantly, the use of the inherent property of these gratings to transmit or reflect a particular wavelength spectrum, based on the grating spacing, enables us to selectively enhance the detection efficiency for the wavelengths of interest.
In Vitro and In Vivo Interactions of Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductases in Pseudomonas putida (2009)

Ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (Fpr) is known to control NADP(+)/NADPH pool in proteobacteria. There is only one fpr gene present in most proteobacteria, but Pseudomonas putida has two Fprs (FprA and FprB). We elucidated the functional relationships between the two types of Fpr and their electron transport partners [ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld)] by cloning, expressing and preparing these proteins in various combinations and assessing their properties in vitro and in vivo using biochemical assays, the Far-western analysis, the yeast two-hybrid assay and structural molecular modelling. Both of the Fprs have a lower K(m) value for NADPH than for NADH in the diaphorase assays. With NADH as electron donor, FprB also has a high specific constant (k(cat)/K(m)) in the diaphorase assay. The catalytic efficiency of FprA is higher when Fld is present as its redox partner, compared to the kinetics observed with other electron transport partners in a NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reduction assay. The highest specific constant (k(cat)/K(m)) of FprB was observed in the presence of FdA. FprB's K(m) value and catalytic activity (k(cat)) with NADH were significant in cytochrome c reduction assays. Strong kinetic interactions of Fprs with their redox partners were also demonstrated by homology modelling, the Far-western analysis and the in vivo yeast two-hybrid system. This study demonstrates for the first time that Fprs in P. putida function as diaphorase, Fd/Fld reductases and determines their preferred redox partner in vivo and in vitro.
Heterocyclic Analogues of 5,12‐Naphthacenequinone. Part 5. Synthesis of 2,3‐Diamino‐1,4‐dimethoxyanthraquinone and Its Heterocyclic Derivatives. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Brief Announcement: Byzantine Agreement, Broadcast and State Machine Replication with Optimal Good-Case Latency (2020)

This paper investigates the problem good-case latency of Byzantine agreement, broadcast and state machine replication in the synchronous authenticated setting. The good-case latency measure captures the time it takes to reach agreement when all non-faulty parties have the same input (or in BB/SMR when the sender/leader is non-faulty) and all messages arrive instantaneously. Previous result implies a lower bound showing that any Byzantine agreement or broadcast protocol tolerating more than n/3 faults must have a good-case latency of at least Δ. Our first result is a matching tight upper bound for a family of protocols we call 1Δ. We propose a protocol 1Δ-BA that solves Byzantine agreement in the synchronous and authenticated setting with optimal good-case latency of Δ and optimal resilience f &lt; n/2. We then extend our protocol and present 1Δ-BB and 1Δ-SMR for Byzantine fault tolerant broadcast and state machine replication, respectively, in the same setting and with the same optimal good-case latency of Δ and f &lt; n/2 fault tolerance.
On Deterministic Models for Wireless Networks (2011)

Wireless communication is commonly modeled as a stochastic system. This is justified by the fact that the wireless channel incorporates a number of stochastic effects including fading, interference and thermal noise.One example for a stochastic model is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) model, which has been successfully used to analyze the capacity of the point-to-point channel and some multi-terminal networks. However, the AWGN capacity of most networks is still an open problem. This includes small examples like the relay channel, which consists of just three terminals.In order to progress, it was suggested to investigate deterministic channel models as an approximation of the AWGN model. The objective is to find a deterministic model, which is accessible to capacity analysis. Furthermore, this analysis should provide insights on the capacity of the AWGN model.In this thesis we consider two deterministic models, the linear finite-field model (LFFM) by Avestimehr et at. and the discrete superposition model (DSM) by Anand and Kumar.It has been shown that the capacity of the DSM is a constant gap approximation of the AWGN capacity for some networks including the parallel relay network (PRN). We find upper and lower bounds on the DSM capacity of the point-to-point channel, the multiple-access channel, the broadcast channel and the PRN. Our bounds are within a constant gap, hence, they yield a constant gap approximation to the AWGN capacity of the PRN.We also show how the LFFM can be utilized to design transmission strategies for AWGN relay networks. A transmission strategy in the LFFM can be translated into a transmission strategy in the AWGN model if it fulfills certain constraints. We consider two sets of constraints, and we show that in both cases the rate in the AWGN model is at most a constant below the rate in the corresponding LFFM.
[Urethral condyloma in the male: experience with 48 cases]. (1996)

Condyloma acuminatum of the urethra is uncommon. Urethroscopy is useful in making the diagnosis and for post-treatment follow up control evaluation. Electrocoagulation and Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation are useful in the treatment of this condition. Recurrence is frequently observed in patients with extensive lesions.
Absent Lamina Dura Associated With a Developmental Dentin Abnormality (1965)

IT IS OUR purpose to report a family study of an undescribed clinical entity of a dentin abnormality associated with absence of lamina dura which superficially resembled hyperparathyroidism. It is usually considered that the loss of the lamina dura is pathognomonic of hyperparathyroidism although some degree of loss may be apparent in osteomalacia and in Paget's disease.<sup>1</sup>We have recently had the opportunity to observe a father and son with generally absent lamina dura, periapical osteolytic lesions of the jaw, indistinct trabecular pattern of the mandible, calcification of the root canals, minimal opalescent dentin, and abnormal morphology of the root dentin. A second son, age eight, presented a classical gross appearance of opalescent dentin; however, there was no evidence of attrition, and both root canals and lamina dura were normal. Evaluation of the mother and two sisters revealed no dental abnormalities. Dental roentgenography may suggest hyperparathyroidism by the following:
Survival of the fittest?--survival of stored red blood cells after transfusion. (2004)

During the last 90 years many developments have taken place in the world of blood transfusion. Several anticoagulants and storage solutions have been developed. Also the blood processing has undergone many changes. At the moment, in The Netherlands, red blood cell (RBC) concentrates (prepared from a whole blood donation and leukocyte-depleted by filtration) are stored for a maximum of 35 days at 4 degrees C in saline adenine glucose mannitol (SAGM). Most relevant studies show that approximately 20% of the RBCs is lost in the first 24 hr after transfusion. Even more remarkable is that the average life span is 94 days after a storage period of 42-49 days. Such observations create the need for a parameter to measure the biological age of RBCs as a possible predictor of the fate of RBCs after transfusion. The binding of IgG to RBCs can lead to recognition and subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages. This occurs during the final stages of the RBC life span in vivo. We determined the quantity of cell-bound IgG during storage, and found considerable variation between RBCs, but no significant storage-related change in the quantity of cell-bound IgG. The significance of this finding for predicting the survival of transfused RBCs in vivo remains to be established. Hereto we developed a flow cytometric determination with a sensitivity of 0.1% for the measurement of survival in vivo based on antigenic differences. This technique has various advantages compared with the 'classical' 51Cr survival method.
A Survey of Standards for Machine-to-Machine and the Internet of Things (2016)

Over the last decade, there has been a growing research interest in machine-to-machine communications and the Internet of Things (IoT) as a milestone embodiment of the continuous convergence between the physical facet of human activities and its reflection on the information world. IoT is understood as the (r)evolutionary transition into an era where physical assets and virtual assets will be treated uniformly and, for all intents and purposes, be largely indistinguishable to the processes involving them. The sheer scale of IoT suggests that harmonized global standards will be paramount in realizing a seamless treatment across the physical facet and the virtual facet of things. In this paper, we survey the-;admittedly babelian-standardization landscape of IoT and present its major efforts. Our survey concludes with a comparative discussion that highlights the key challenges of future standardization in IoT.
Systematic errors in rotating-compensator ellipsometry (1994)

Systematic error sources for the rotating-compensator ellipsometer are discussed. Starting from a general formalism, we derive explicit first-order expressions for the errors δΨ and δΔ caused by azimuthal errors and residual ellipticity introduced by imperfect polarizers or compensators and windows. Comparison is made with measurement results. It is shown that all azimuthal-angle errors can be eliminated by a two-zone measurement and that the natural optical rotation of the rotating quartz compensator has no effect on the measurements.
Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Candidate Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response to Docetaxel by Proteomic Profiling (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Candidate Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response to Docetaxel by Proteomic Profiling
Applications of Liquid Chromatography/Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Herbicide Metabolism (1990)

The combination of electron capture ionization with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry produces a valuable technique for metabolism studies of fluorinated compounds. Selective ionization of halogenated components simplifies sample purification since most biological constituents are transparent to detection. This report details the application of this technique to in vitro and in vivo metabolism studies of fluorinated herbicides.
Sequential handoff algorithm for cellular mobile communication (2002)

Sequential handoff algorithms based on the confidence interval are proposed for improving the handoff performance. The decision on handoff is based upon sequential observations, instead of one decision per observation. Conventional algorithms with fixed signal averaging interval and/or fixed hysteresis level lack flexibility under a changing mobile environment. Unlike conventional algorithms which make binary decisions on 'handoff' or 'no-handoff', the sequential algorithm introduces an additional decision option: 'no-handoff but accumulate'. With this decision option, the mobile unit will initiate a handoff only if the accumulated sequential samples have sufficient confidence to support such decision. The sequential handoff algorithm is shown to improve the handoff performance by lowering the mean number of handoffs while simultaneously reducing the mean number of drop-calls.
Plutonium and210Pb distributions in northeast Atlantic sediments: subsurface anomalies caused by non-local mixing (1986)

The depth distributions of210Pb and239,240Pu measured in a suite of box cores collected from water depths of 4000–5000 m in the northeast Atlantic Ocean exhibit pronounced subsurface maxima caused by sediment reworking by benthic infauna. Small-scale spatial heterogeneity in bioturbation rates is indicated by large differences in tracer profiles from duplicate cores separated only by a few centimeters.210Pb and239,240Pu activity distributions from each subcore exhibit a high degree of correlation, and most tracer profiles exhibit one or more subsurface maxima. One-dimensional, “biodiffusion” analogue models do not adequately simulate the principal features of this data set. However, an inverse “conveyer belt” mixing model which simulates subsurface egestion (or a functionally equivalent process) of surficial material which is enriched both in organic debris and radioactive tracers can reproduce the subsurface tracer maxima. Single-event and continuous subsurface egestion models have been formulated and solved for different “feeding rates” and background biodiffusive fields. The single-event model provides a better fit to the data and, in particular, ensures the observed, high degree of correlation between the210Pb and239,240Pu activity profiles, regardless of the different tracer input functions. The most likely candidate responsible for subsurface tracer egestion is a large infaunal worm of the phylum Sipunculida which dominates the biomass below a depth of 3 cm.