gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting Into the Uncertainty: Authentication and Confidentiality by Physical-Layer Processing (2015)

The wireless medium offers many opportunities for broadcast communications. However, it also opens the possibility for attackers to eavesdrop the broadcast data or to pretend to be another node or device. These two attacks define the protection goals, namely, confidentiality and authenticity. Traditionally, both are solved by cryptographic approaches exploiting knowledge available in the surrounding infrastructure. The novel communication paradigms for the Internet of Things or cyber-physical systems do not scale with the standard cryptographic approach. Instead it is possible to exploit properties of the underlying physical channel to provide countermeasures against eavesdropping and impersonation attacks. Thereby, the random fading channel induces uncertainty which is detrimental but at the same time also helpful. In this paper, we review and describe a generalized model for physical-layer-based confidential data transmission and wireless authentication. A key role is played by the channel uncertainty and available design dimensions such as time, frequency, and space. We show that wireless authentication and secret-key generation can work in multicarrier and multiple-antenna systems and explain how even outdated channel state information can help to increase the available secure degrees of freedom. This survey focuses on the system design of wireless physical-layer confidentiality and authenticity under channel uncertainty. The insights could lead to a design of practical systems which are preparing the ground for confidentiality and authenticity already on the physical layer of the communication protocol stack.
Carrier and nuclear spin pumping in strain free GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots grown by droplet epitaxy (2011)

Optical and spin properties of individual GaAs droplet dots in AlGaAs barriers are studied in photoluminescence experiments at 4K. First we report strong mixing of heavy hole-light hole states. Using the neutral and charged exciton emission as a monitor we observe the direct consequence of quantum dot symmetry reduction in this strain free system. By fitting the polar diagram of the emission with simple analytical expressions obtained from k&bull;p theory we are able to extract the mixing that arises from the heavy-light hole coupling due to the geometrical asymmetry of the quantum dot. Second we report optical orientation experiments. Circularly polarized optical excitation yields strong circular polarization of the resulting photoluminescence. Optical injection of spin polarized electrons into a GaAs dot gives rise to dynamical nuclear polarization that considerably changes the exciton Zeeman splitting (Overhauser shift). We show that the created nuclear polarization is bistable and present a direct measurement of the build-up time of the nuclear polarization in a single GaAs dot in the order of one second.
Optimization of reversible circuits using triple-gate templates at quantum gate level (2015)

The paper presents an approach for optimizing a reversible netlist consisting of multiple-control Toffoli (MCT) gates with the objective of reducing quantum cost. The MCT gates are first decomposed into smaller gates with up to three control lines, and then a template matching method is applied on the netlist for optimization. The templates are constructed by considering all possible 3-gate sequences with up to four lines. This work constitutes an extension of a previous work by Dueck et al., where 2-gate sequences were considered in the templates. The input gate netlists are generated from the reversible benchmarks available in RevLib, followed by Barenco decomposition to produce Toffoli gates with at most three control connections. The proposed approach is applied on these netlists, and the final quantum cost calculated. Experimental results on standard benchmarks show that the method can lead to reductions in quantum cost.
Fluorescence energy transfer measurements in rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence energy transfer measurements in rabbit muscle phosphofructokinaseNeil M. Wolfman and Gordon G. HammesCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 22, 4806–4811Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00641a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (706 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of Step Rate Manipulation on Joint Mechanics during Running (2010)

we conclude that subtle increases in step rate can substantially reduce the loading to the hip and knee joints during running and may prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of common running-related injuries.
Dietary Behaviors and Diet Quality of Low‐Income Children in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (2012)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the national nutrition safety net for low‐income families. Few studies have thoroughly examined dietary differences by children's SNAP participation status. We examined if SNAP participation was associated with weight and dietary outcomes in low‐income children. Using 1999–2008 NHANES, the study included 5,730 children aged 4–19 with household incomes &lt;130% of federal poverty level. Diet was measured using 1–2 24‐hour recalls. No significant associations were observed between SNAP participation and weight status among all children (OR, obesity, 0.94, 95% CI 0.67, 1.32), or within age, sex and food security groups. For SNAP and non‐SNAP children, mean intakes of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, fiber, and potassium were ≤50% of the recommendations. Mean intakes of sugary beverages, saturated fat, sodium and iron were ≥150% of the recommendations. After multivariate adjustment, SNAP participants consumed 30% more vegetables (95% CI 4%, 62%), 34% more processed meats (95% CI 6%, 69%), 36% more high‐fat dairy (95% CI 13% 63%), and 63% more water (95% CI 14%, 31%) than nonparticipants. Additional dietary differences were observed among food‐insecure children only. SNAP participation was associated with a 5% lower Alternate Healthy Eating Index (95% CI 1%, 9%). Regardless of SNAP participation, the diets of low‐income children need improvement. Grant Funding Source : Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Aetna Foundation; National Institutes of Health
Coated Particle Fuel and Deep Burn Program Monthly Highlights April 2011 (2011)

The baseline change proposal BCP-FCRD-11026 submitted to change the due date for M21AF080202 'Demonstrate fabrication of Transuranic kernels of Plutonium-239/3.5at%Neptunium-237 using newly installed glove box facilities in ORNL 7930 hot cell complex' from 4/25/11 to 3/30/12 was approved this month. During FY 2011 the CP & DB Program will report Highlights on a monthly basis, but will no longer produce Quarterly Progress Reports. Technical details that were previously included in the quarterly reports will be included in the appropriate Milestone Reports that are submitted to FCRD Program Management. These reports will also be uploaded to the Deep Burn website. The Monthly Highlights report for March 2011, ORNL/TM-2011/96, was distributed to program participants on April 8, 2011. As reported previously, the final Quarterly for FY 2010, Deep Burn Program Quarterly Report for July - September 2010, ORNL/TM-2010/301, was announced to program participants and posted to the website on December 28, 2010. This report discusses the following: (1) Thermochemical Data and Model Development - (a) Thermochemical Modeling, (b) Thermomechanical Behavior, (c) Actinide and Fission Product Transport, (d) Radiation Damage and Properties; (2) TRU (transuranic elements) TRISO (tri-structural isotropic) Development - (a) TRU Kernel Development, (b) Coating Development; (3) Advanced TRISO Applications - Metal Matrix Fuels for LWR; (4) LWR Fully Ceramic Fuel - (a) FCM Fabrication Development, (b) FCM Irradiation Testing; (5) Fuel Performance and Analytical Analysis - Fuel Performance Modeling; and (6) ZrC Properties and Handbook - Properties of ZrC.
Lipase-Catalyzed Regioselective Monoacetylation of Unsymmetrical 1,5-Primary Diols (2010)

Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) has been selected as the most suitable enzyme to catalyze the regioselective monoacetylation of 1,5-diol isoprostane intermediate, using vinyl acetate as an acyl transfer reagent in THF. We next applied this reaction on linear 2-substituted, 2,2'-disubstituted-1,5-pentanediols, and cyclic 2,3-disubstituted-1,5-pentanediols. To rationalize the regioselectivity observed, molecular docking simulations were performed.
Structural Innovations Inspired by Growth, Genetics, and Emergence Theory (2014)

&lt;p&gt; Understanding the process and greater context in which elements in nature are produced enables considerations for integrated solutions that can be mathematically described and applied to the built environment. These ideas are based on applying fundamental engineering principles to complex problems. Specific building examples will be used to illustrate the correlations of aesthetics, function, design, and efficiency by considering these methods in design.&lt;/p&gt;
Association Between Anesthesia Exposure and Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Outcomes in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2019)

Higher cumulative anesthesia exposure and duration may be associated with neurocognitive impairment and neuroimaging abnormalities in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, beyond the known outcomes associated with neurotoxic chemotherapies. Anesthesia exposures should be limited in pediatric populations with chronic health conditions who undergo multiple medical procedures.
Theory of Approximations (2018)

Function approximations, interpolation, numerical differentiation and numerical integrations are very important topics in the numerical analysis. These topics are widely used and found in science and engineering applications. In the present chapter, we will present the main methods and techniques that had been developed for such topics. Differentiation and integration related together by so many relations as we will see later on. Finally, one can say that these topics are very important in our daily life, and therefore everyone should be aware of them.
The Expression of Human Blood Group Antigens During Erythropoiesis in a Cell Culture System (1999)

Abstract Phenotypic analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells has been an invaluable tool in defining the biology of stem cell populations. We use here flow cytometry to examine the expression of human erythroid-specific surface markers during the maturation of early committed erythroid cells derived from cord blood in vitro. The temporal order of the expression of erythroid specific markers was as follows: Kell glycoprotein (gp), Rh gp, Landsteiner Wiener (LW) gp, glycophorin A (GPA), Band 3, Lutheran (Lu) gp, and Duffy (Fy) gp. The time at which some of these markers appeared suggests possible roles for some of these erythroid-specific polypeptides during the differentiation of these committed progenitors. The early appearance of Kell gp raises the possibility that it may have an important role in the early stages of hematopoiesis or cell lineage determination. Kell gp may also be a useful marker for the diagnosis of erythroleukemia. The late expression of Lu gp suggests it may be involved in the migration of erythroid precursors from the marrow. Fy gp is also expressed late consistent with a role as a scavenger receptor for cytokines in the bone marrow and circulation. Rh c antigen appeared before Rh D antigen, and it is suggested that this may reflect a reorganization of the developing erythroid cell membrane involving the Rh polypeptides and other components, including GPA and Band 3.
Degradation of the Coffee Flavor Compound Furfuryl Mercaptan in Model Fenton-type Reaction Systems (2002)

The stability of the coffee flavor compound furfuryl mercaptan has been investigated in aqueous solutions under Fenton-type reaction conditions. The impact of hydrogen peroxide, iron, ascorbic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was studied in various combinations of reagents and temperature. Furfuryl mercaptan reacts readily under Fenton-type reaction conditions, leading to up to 90% degradation within 1 h at 37 degrees C. The losses were lower when one or more of the reagents was omitted or the temperature decreased to 22 degrees C. Volatile reaction products identified were mainly dimers of furfuryl mercaptan, difurfuryl disulfide being the major compound. In addition, a large number of nonvolatile compounds was observed with molecular masses in the range of 92-510 Da. The formation of hydroxyl and carbon-centered radicals was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra using alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone or 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as spin traps. Whereas *OH was generated by Fenton-type reactions, the C-centered radical is probably a secondary product of the reaction of *OH with various organic molecules, the reaction with furfuryl mercaptan appearing to be the most important. No evidence for S-centered radicals was seen in the spin-trapping experiments, but a sulfur-containing radical was detected when measurements were made at 77 K in the absence of spin traps.
Quantitative proteomic identification of host factors involved in the Salmonella typhimurium infection cycle (2011)

To identify host factors involved in Salmonella replication, SILAC-based quantitative proteomics was used to investigate the interactions of Salmonella typhimurium with the secretory pathway in human epithelial cells. Protein profiles of Golgi-enriched fractions isolated from S. typhimurium-infected cells were compared with those of mock-infected cells, revealing significant depletion or enrichment of 105 proteins. Proteins annotated to play a role in membrane traffic were overrepresented among the depleted proteins whereas proteins annotated to the cytoskeleton showed a diverse behavior with some proteins being enriched, others being depleted from the Golgi fraction upon Salmonella infection. To study the functional relevance of identified proteins in the Salmonella infection cycle, small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments were performed. siRNA-mediated depletion of a selection of affected proteins identified five host factors involved in Salmonella infection. Depletion of peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), isoform β-4c of integrin β-4 (ITGB4), isoform 1 of protein lap2 (erbin interacting protein; ERBB2IP), stomatin (STOM) or TBC domain containing protein 10b (TBC1D10B) resulted in increased Salmonella replication. Surprisingly, in addition to the effect on Salmonella replication, depletion of STOM or ITGB4 resulted in a dispersal of intracellular Salmonella microcolonies. It can be concluded that by using SILAC-based quantitative proteomics we were able to identify novel host cell proteins involved in the complex interplay between Salmonella and epithelial cells.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis: Recent Advances, Limitations and Opportunities (2005)

Recent advances in ruthenium-catalyzed ring closing metathesis are discussed, in context of both substrate and catalyst parameters. As well as thermodynamic (substrate) constraints on ring-closing, root causes and effects of non-ideal catalytic performance are examined. Key substrate parameters are outlined, with a particular focus on the balance between oligomerization and ring-closing in RCM macrocyclization reactions. Advances in catalyst design are examined from a mechanistic viewpoint, including initiation requirements, catalyst deactivation, and opportunities resulting from incorporation of pseudohalide ligands. An overview of methods for reducing ruthenium residues in organic products to ppm levels is presented. Keywords: Non-metathesis reaction, methylidene, ADMET, lactones, oligomerization, cycloadditions
Surface modification of plasma‐pretreated high density polyethylene films by graft copolymerization for adhesion improvement with evaporated copper (2000)

Abstract Surface modification of Ar plasma‐pretreated high density polyethylene (HDPE) film via UV‐induced graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) was carried out to improve the adhesion with evaporated copper. The surface compositions of the modified HDPE surfaces were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion strengths of evaporated copper with the graft‐copolymerized HDPE films were affected by the Ar plasma pretreatment time, the monomer concentration used for graft copolymerization, and the graft concentration. Post‐treatments, such as plasma post‐treatments after graft copolymerization and thermal treatment (curing) after metalization, further enhanced the adhesion strength of the Cu/HDPE laminates. The T‐type peel strengths of the laminates involving the graft‐modified and plasma posttreated HDPE films were greater than 15 N/cm. The enhanced adhesion strength resulted from the strong affinity of the graft chains for Cu and the fact that the graft chains were covalently tethered on the HDPE surface. XPS characterization of the delaminated surfaces of the Cu/HDPE laminates revealed that the failure mode of the laminates with T‐peel adhesion strengths greater than 5 N/cm was cohesive in nature.
Relative pressure, temperature, and gas composition sensitivity of damping-based resonant sensors (2010)

Measurement of the damping in resonant microsystems and nanosystems has been proposed for measurement of pressure, temperature, and gas composition. Because the damping will be a function of all three of these variables, estimating the sensitivity of these transducers requires modeling the effect each of these variables will have on the damping of the system. Using viscous flow theory, the relative sensitivity of damping to pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and the concentration of selected contaminants is computed. These results show that these sensors are accurate as pressure sensors across a range of conditions. Resonators are accurate as temperature sensors only if the relative humidity is known. Resonators are not accurate as humidity sensors, and are accurate as gas composition sensors only under limited conditions.
Advances and challenges in enveloped virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines (2018)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly organized particles that self-assemble from viral structural proteins. Like parental viruses, VLPs can be either non-enveloped or enveloped and can be produced in different expression systems depending on their complexity. Over the last three decades, VLPs have developed as a high-priority alternative to traditional vaccines against infectious pathogens due to their safety, simplicity and favorable immunological characteristics to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Most of emerging and re-emerging viruses that pose a continuous threat to human health are enveloped, but few vaccines are currently available. Advances in expression technology for complex, enveloped VLPs provide new possibilities to develop potent vaccines against pathogenic enveloped viruses. This review describes major progress and challenges in the production of enveloped VLPs, with respect to the main principles in the assembly and budding process, factors that need to be taken into account for the design strategies and choice of relevant production platforms.
The Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress on Symptom Presentation of Women With Gulf War Illness (2021)

Abstract Background: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptomatic disorder characterized by fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, insomnia, rashes, and gastrointestinal issues affecting an estimated 30% of the ~750,000 returning military Veterans of the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War. Female Veterans deployed to combat in this war report medical symptoms, like cognition and respiratory troubles, at twice the rate compared to non-deployed female Veterans of the same era. The heterogeneity of GWI symptom presentation complicates diagnosis as well as the identification of effective treatments. This is exacerbated by the presence of co-morbidities. Defining subgroups of the illness may help alleviate these complications. One clear grouping is along the lines of gender. Our aim is to determine if women with GWI can be further subdivided into distinct subgroups based on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom presentation. Methods: Veterans diagnosed with GWI ( n = 35) and healthy sedentary controls ( n = 35) were recruited through the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Health Center. Symptoms were assessed via the RAND short form health survey, the multidimensional fatigue inventory, and the Davidson trauma scale. Hierarchal regression modeling was performed on measures of health and fatigue with PTSD symptoms as a covariate. This was followed by univariate analyses conducted with two separate GWI groups based on a cut-point of 70 for their total Davidson trauma scale value and performing heteroscedastic t-tests across all measures. Results: Based on the distinct differences found in PTSD symptomology regarding all health and trauma symptoms, two subgroups were derived within female GWI Veterans. Hierarchical regression models displayed the comorbid effects of GWI and PTSD, as both conditions had measurable impacts on physical and social outcomes of poor health ( ΔR 2 = 0.08- 0.672), with notable differences in mental and emotional measures. Overall, in women with GWI individuals with PTSD, a cut point analysis indicated poorer health outcomes within all measures in comparison to those of women without PTSD symptoms and healthy controls. Conclusions: Our current findings support the understanding that comorbid symptoms of GWI and PTSD subsequently result in poorer experienced health outcomes, along with establishing the possibility of varying clinical presentations.
Psychophysiological Monitoring: An Approach for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders (2016)

The ultimate goal of this work is to improve patient outcomes by increasing the ability to accurately diagnose, efficiently treat, and effectively monitor the response to treatment over time.