gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In‐Transit Electroextraction of Small‐Molecule Pharmaceuticals from Blood (2019)

An electrokinetic platform was developed for extracting small-molecule pharmaceuticals from a dried blood spot. Through the exclusion of liquid reagents and use of low field strength (6 V cm<sup>-1</sup> ), the electroextraction of a drug from a dried blood spot, deposited on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), could be realised while in transit in the mail. In transit sample preparation provides a potential solution to in situ sample degradation and may accelerate the workflow upon arrival of a patient sample at the analytical facility. The electroextraction method was enabled through our discovery of the use of 15-20 μm thin PIMs as electrophoretic separation medium in absence of liquid reagents. Here, a PIM consisting of cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as carrier was used. The PIM, was packaged with two 12 V batteries to supply the separation voltage. A blood spot containing berberine chloride was deposited and dried before the applying the separation potential, allowing for the electroextraction while the packaged device was shipped in internal mail. Upon arrival in the analytical laboratory, the PIM was analysed using a fluorescence microscope with photon multiplier tube, quantifying the berberine extracted away from the sample matrix. This platform represents a new opportunity for processing clinical samples during transport to the laboratory, saving time and manual handling to accelerate the time to result.
Leaky-waves in a metamaterial-based two-dimensional structure for a conical beam antenna application (2004)

A two-dimensional periodic mushroom structure is proposed as a leaky-wave antenna with a conical beam. To the author's knowledge, this is the first 2D leaky wave antenna demonstrated experimentally. The structure can be modelled as a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line and exhibits both backward and forward leakage. The radiation patterns for the antenna are shown and demonstrated a scanning range of 15/spl deg/-33/spl deg/ in the backward region and 27/spl deg/-63/spl deg/ in the forward region.
Complexes of the crown thioether ligand 2,5,8-trithia[9]-o-benzenophane, (TT[9]OB). Synthesis and molecular structure of [Cu(NCS)(TT[9]OB)] (1991)

The macrocyclic thioether ligand 2,5,8-trithia[9]-o-benzenophane (TT[9]OB) reacts with [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ][ClO 4 ] to yield the Cu(I) complex [Cu(CH 3 CN)(TT[9]OB)][ClO 4 ]. The coordinated acetonitrile molecule is displaced by the ambidentate, thiocyanate (NCS) − ion to form the neutral complex [Cu(NCS)(TT[9]OB)] which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The title complex crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 14.447(3) Å, b = 15.034(4) Å, c = 14.851(4) Å, V = 3232.2(14) Å 3 , and Z = 8. The structure refined to R = 5.15% and R w = 5.92% for 1149 reflections with F o 2 &gt; 3σ(F o 2 ). The Cu(I) ion has a distorted tetrahedral coordination sphere with TT[9]OB occupying three sites while the fourth site is occupied by the thiocyanate ligand which is N-bound to the metal centre. A comparison is made of the molecular conformations of free TT[9]OB and that found for complexed TT[9]OB in [Cu(NCS)(TT[9]OB)] and [Cu(Ph 2 PMe)(TT[9]OB)][ClO 4 ]. Key words: thioether, macrocyclic metal complex.
Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of “Artificial Dinucleotide Duplexes” (1998)

The synthesis of the A−U and G−C functionalized systems 1, 2, 3, and 4 has been accomplished using palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. These systems undergo self-association in nonpolar solvents such as CDCl3 as judged from FABMS and NMR spectroscopic analyses.
Compact multiband antenna with folded meandered loop: LTE/WLAN/WiMAX advanced mobile operations (2017)

The paper, presents a novel multi-band antenna for LTE700/WiMAX/WLAN bands. The proposed antenna is configured to have three radiating elements such as folded loop line, rectangular patch inserting meandered slit, and L-shaped ground branch which is closely coupled to the feed line. The substrate used for this antenna is FR4 with the relative permittivity of 4.4, with low profile of 0.8 mm × 40 mm × 85 mm. It operates in three bands of frequency. A lower band covers the LTE700 operations, middle band covers the WLAN operations while the upper band deals with WiMAX operations. By inserting the folded loop line and L-shaped ground branch, the LTE700, WiMAX and unlicensed LTE operations have VSWR <; 2 and RL <; -10 dB. By adding the rectangular patch with a meander slit, WLAN band operations have VSWR <; 2 and RL <; -10 dB. The return loss and radiation patterns of the suggested antenna are simulated by IE3D software by ZELAND. The computed results show good Omni-directional radiation pattern and radiation gain. According to the results, the proposed antenna can be used for mobile handset, as an application of following bands, such as LTE700, WiMAX, WLAN and unlicensed LTE band.
Rearrangements in Allylpalladium Complexes with Hemilabile Chelating Ligands (2001)

In addition to η3- to η1-allyl rearrangement, η2- to η1-chelating-ligand rearrangements can affect the dynamic properties in allylpalladium complexes containing hemilabile ligands. These rearrangements have the potential of altering stereochemistry, which can ultimately affect the stereochemistry and regiochemistry of reactions upon the allyl group, e.g., allylic alkylation. Apparent rotation of an η3-allyl in four-coordinate PdII-complexes can be the result of ligand exchange or intramolecular processes. NMR Studies indicate that the effects of η2- to η1-chelating-ligand stereochemistry and rearrangements may be hidden or subtle, and both intra- and intermolecular processes may be important.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Glomus Tumors in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Genetic, Functional, and Clinical Evidence of a Novel Association (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Glomus Tumors in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Genetic, Functional, and Clinical Evidence of a Novel Association
A Semi-Automatic Hybrid Approach for Defective Skulls Reconstruction (2019)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Analysis of factors which impact Facebook users' attitudes and behaviours using decision tree techniques (2014)

The number of Facebook users has increased dramatically over the past decades, as Facebook become the most common communication and sharing channel via the Internet. More people are now spending a lot of time using Facebook and gain high levels of satisfaction from using Facebook. Facebook users' attitudes and behaviours are becoming more influenced by highly technological devices which are not only integrated their personal lives but also areas of education and employment. This paper analyses factors including Internet and email use, owning a tablet, access to the Internet via mobile devices, gender, income, education, employment status. Moreover, an investigation of parental influence to Facebook users' attitudes and behaviours based on surveyed data from more than a thousand users using decision tree techniques.
Zoledronic acid: an advance in tumour bone disease therapy and a new hope for osteoporosis (2003)

The two main therapeutic applications of bisphosphonates are tumour bone disease and osteoporosis. They constitute the standard treatment for cancer hypercalcaemia, and placebo-controlled trials have shown that the prolonged administration of bisphosphonates, such as pamidronate or clodronate, can reduce the frequency of complications from tumour bone disease due to metastatic breast cancer or myeloma by a quarter to one-half. The results obtained with the intravenous route appear to be more impressive and more rapidly obtained than with oral compounds. Both agents can reduce the risk of vertebral, wrist and hip fractures by 30 – 50%, whereas other antiresorptive agents, such as raloxifene (Eli Lilly & Co.) or calcitonin (Unigene Laboratories, Inc.), have only been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures. The short infusion time (4 mg over 15 min) offers a convenient therapy and constitutes the most evident advantage of zoledronic acid, which will improve patients’ quality of life. Zoledronic acid has the potential to change the treatment of osteoporosis dramatically.
Methane monooxygenases: central enzymes in methanotrophy with promising biotechnological applications (2021)

Worldwide, the use of methane is limited to generating power, electricity, heating, and for production of chemicals. We believe this valuable gas can be employed more widely. Here we review the possibility of using methane as a feedstock for biotechnological processes based on the application of synthetic methanotrophs. Methane monooxygenase (MMO) enables aerobic methanotrophs to utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source, in contrast to industrial microorganisms that grow on carbon sources, such as sugar cane, which directly compete with the food market. However, naturally occurring methanotrophs have proven to be difficult to manipulate genetically and their current industrial use is limited to generating animal feed biomass. Shifting the focus from genetic engineering of methanotrophs, towards introducing metabolic pathways for methane utilization in familiar industrial microorganisms, may lead to construction of efficient and economically feasible microbial cell factories. The applications of a technology for MMO production are not limited to methane-based industrial synthesis of fuels and value-added products, but are also of interest in bioremediation where mitigating anthropogenic pollution is an increasingly relevant issue. Published research on successful functional expression of MMO does not exist, but several attempts provide promising future perspectives and a few recent patents indicate that there is an ongoing research in this field. Combining the knowledge on genetics and metabolism of methanotrophy with tools for functional heterologous expression of MMO-encoding genes in non-methanotrophic bacterial species, is a key step for construction of synthetic methanotrophs that holds a great biotechnological potential.
Shinnecock Inlet, New York, Site Investigation Report 3, Selected Field Data Report for 1997, 1998, 1999 Velocity and Sediment Surveys (2001)

Technical Report
On the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxygen Induced (2 × 1) Reconstruction of Ni(HO) (1986)

Abstract The kinetics for the formation of the reconstructed (2 × 1) structure of O/Ni(110) from a nonreconstructed phase were investigated by LEED and work function measurements. The rates fit well to an “Avrami” type kinetics, which can be interpreted in terms of a nucleation and growth process. An activation barrier of 24 kj/mole is derived, the mechanism and energetic driving force are discussed in this picture and compared to other adsorbate induced surface phase transformations.
Optimizing the Hybrid Capture II Human Papillomavirus Test to Detect Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2002)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To estimate the optimal relative light unit ratio, and correspondingly viral load, of the hybrid capture II oncogenic human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS Women with abnormal cytology were referred for colposcopy, and a cervical swab or brush specimen was obtained for human papillomavirus testing. Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios of different relative light unit ratio cutoffs were calculated using a reference standard of colposcopy or biopsy of either CIN II+ (CIN II, III, or carcinoma), or CIN I+ (CIN I, CIN II+). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to estimate optimal test-positive cutoff points for the hybrid capture II test. RESULTS CIN II+ was found in 18.7% (98 of 524) and CIN I in 10.5% (55 of 524) of the women. The optimal relative light unit ratio was 15.56, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 82.7% and 73.2% for CIN II+, and 74.2% and 77.8% for CIN I+. In a stratified analysis, a higher relative light unit cutoff (15.19) optimized sensitivity and specificity for CIN II+ (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 51.5%) for women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytology, whereas the optimal cutoff was 2.36 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 73.0%) for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, yielding referral rates of 53.3% and 28.7%, respectively. Use of a swab or brush was not associated with the level of human papillomavirus detected (P > .05). CONCLUSION Use of a higher cutoff for the relative light unit ratio (higher viral load) of the hybrid capture II test may improve the management of women, especially those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytology. Increasing the positive cutoff for hybrid capture II human papillomavirus test may improve prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Nanometre-scale emittance beams from a continuous-wave RF gun (2021)

The operation of Ultrafast Electron Diffractometers (UEDs) and Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) relies on high-brightness electron beams produced by radio-frequency (RF) photocathode guns. The next generation of high-repetition rate UEDs and FELs requires electron beams with a high average brightness. To this end, we introduce a continuous wave RF photocathode gun at 325 MHz with an APEX-like geometry. The gun allows for the production of electron beams with very high both peak and average 5D brightness while having moderate RF power consumption. The gun is operated in blowout regime with an energy gain of 0.4 MeV and a peak cathode field of 35 MV/m. Via massive numerical simulations, we exemplify three regimes of the gun operation: (i) 160 fC electron beams with a 5-nm-scale emittance for UEDs, (ii) 1.6 pC beams with a 20-nm-scale emittance for table-top FELs and dielectric-based accelerators, and (iii) 16 pC beams with a 50-nm-scale emittance for inverse Compton sources and other accelerator-based photon sources. We introduce a simple analytical model for the formation of the virtual cathode - the onset of the suppression of photoemission current due to space-charge forces. The model accounts for the laser pulse duration. Furthermore, our extensive numerical simulations indicate a well-pronounced maximum in the 5D beam brightness for the laser spot radius approximately 150% of that corresponding to the onset of the virtual cathode. The finding does not support the common approach in the literature that in the blowout regime the laser spot radius must be much larger than the critical radius corresponding to the virtual cathode onset.
Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (2004)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To identify and summarise the evidence from randomised controlled trials assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of resurfacing the patella versus not resurfacing the patella in total knee arthroplasty. The following null hypotheses will be tested: 1.There is no difference in outcome between resurfacing the patella and not resurfacing the patella in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. 2.There is no difference in outcome between resurfacing the patella and not resurfacing the patella in patients with inflammatory arthritis of the knee. 3.There is no difference in outcome between not resurfacing the patella and resurfacing the patella with different prosthetic designs. 4.There is no difference in outcome between resurfacing the patella and not resurfacing the patella in patients with grade varying grades of patellofemoral arthritis, and varus or valgus deformity of the knee
Experimental temperature monitoring and coagulation detection using ultrasound-stimulated acoustic emission (2002)

Due to the high variability of tissue effects during sonication, temperature monitoring is one of the most crucial components for accurate thermal treatment of tissues with focused ultrasound (FUS) and other thermotherapy devices. Since the technique of ultrasound-stimulated acoustic emission (USAE) depends on the acoustic and mechanical properties, which both vary with temperature, it is hypothesized that the USAE signal is also temperature-dependent and in such a way that it can be used to guide thermal therapy. Therefore, in this paper, the dependence of USAE on tissue temperature is determined. In a series of experiments, where the same transducer is used for heating and USAE application, porcine muscle and fat samples are exposed to ultrasound at acoustical power levels of 6.6, 10.6 and 17.2 W over a period of 60-200 s that induce temperature elevation. In both tissue types, below the coagulation threshold, the USAE amplitude was found to vary quasi-linearly with temperature. However, at higher powers resulting in temperature above 55/spl deg/C that is beyond the coagulation threshold the correlation with temperature was lost due mainly to the irreversible nature of the changes in the tissue properties.
Low Rejection Reverse Osmosis Membrane Treatment of Peptides, Enzymatically Prepared from Cow's Milk Casein. (1992)

牛乳カゼインを,酵素分解して得られたペプチド溶液の低阻止率RO膜(Low rejection reverse osmosis membrane,以下LRO膜と略記)処理を行い,ペプチド溶液中の一般成分およびアミノ酸組成等への影響について検討した.すべての試料は,回分濃縮(BC)法で濃縮倍率(CF) 3まで処理され,さらに, 1試料だけは定容連続透析ろ過(DF)を行う方法〔(BC+DF)法〕で加水倍率3まで処理された.(1) BC法では,窒素成分に比べて灰分の方がより濃縮されたが,(BC+DF)法ではその逆であった.(2) BC法では,操作圧力を高くするほど,濃縮液側の窒素成分,灰分および°Bxが高くなる傾向を示した.(3) BC法に比べて,(BC+DF)法での遊離アミノ酸の減少率が顕著であった.しかし,親水性と疎水性の遊離アミノ酸の減少率を比較した場合,両者に大きな差は認あられなかった.(4) LRO膜処理は,遊離アミノ酸の除去には有効的な手段であったが,苦味ペプチドの除去には効果が認められなかった.
Models, algorithms and programs for phylogeny reconciliation (2011)

Gene sequences contain a gold mine of phylogenetic information. But unfortunately for taxonomists this information does not only tell the story of the species from which it was collected. Genes have their own complex histories which record speciation events, of course, but also many other events. Among them, gene duplications, transfers and losses are especially important to identify. These events are crucial to account for when reconstructing the history of species, and they play a fundamental role in the evolution of genomes, the diversification of organisms and the emergence of new cellular functions. We review reconciliations between gene and species trees, which are rigorous approaches for identifying duplications, transfers and losses that mark the evolution of a gene family. Existing reconciliation models and algorithms are reviewed and difficulties in modeling gene transfers are discussed. We also compare different reconciliation programs along with their advantages and disadvantages.
[Hepatic chemoembolization for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome]. (1996)

Clinical manifestation of carcinoide syndrome are often difficult to control with medical treatment and so present a large problem for doctors. In the majority of cases, such manifestations are seen in patients with hepatic metastases. In such cases the control of the problem can be achieved by local hepatic treatment. A 57 year old patient with carcinoide syndrome for a year, with extensive hepatic tumor from a carcinoide tumor, whose origins were not lokted, had a urinary excretion 5-hidroxi-indolacetic = 73 mg in 24 hours, he used cyproheptadin, loperamida and metisergida without showing improvement. In light of the failure of medical treatment and the impossibility of surgery he was given into hepatic chemoembolization (QEH) with lipiodol, doxorrubicin (1.0 mg/Kg) and mitomicin (10.0 mg) twice. Clinical control with absolute recovery of "flushing" and diarrhea were achieved, a dose of 5-HIAA U (5.5 mg) after the first application. Transitory alterations of the aminotransferasis alkaline phosphates and leucocytosis. Besides the post embolization syndrome that regressed in 20 days, there were no complications recurring after treatment. The period of recovery was more than 9 months. We can then conclude that hepatic chemoembolization is an efficient treatment to control carcinoid syndrome.
Stable memory in substation automation: a case study (2002)

In high voltage substations, electromagnetic interference results in transient faults. Typically, hardware stable storage devices are used to stabilise data, to store status information of the controller and to protect the application against these faults. A case study of electric substation automation introduced a controller distributed on a parallel architecture and substituted the stable storage device by a fault-tolerant software implementation of stable memory. This allows the application to stabilise data to ensure its integrity. Based on the combination of temporal and spatial redundancy, it tolerates permanent faults in memory and transient faults affecting computation, input and memory devices. Transient faults lead to extra cycles before data is stabilised; permanent faults can be masked or lead to reconfiguration. The flexibility of the software architecture allows to fine-tune parameters according to application's needs. This enhances reusability in wide automation areas. Evaluation confirms the suitability of the software solution during typical disturbances.
Compliance of the interstitial space in rats II. Studies on skin (1981)

Interstitial compliance, defined as the ratio between changes in interstitial fluid volume (delta IFV) and interstitial fluid pressure (delta IFP), has been measured for rat skin. IFP has been measured with sharpened glass capillaries connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system, while IFV has been determined as the extravascular distribution space for 51Cr-EDTA. The measurements were performed at hydration and dehydration of various duration. Compliance was 0.162 ml/g dry tissue per mmHg in dehydration, corresponding to 5.4 ml/100 g wet tissue per mmHg. The volume-pressure curve was similar at 2-4 and 24-28h of dehydration. Up to 20% increase in IFV compliance was similar to that in dehydration, but thereafter increased severalfold upon further increase in IFV. Even at sixfold increase in IFV, IFP did not rise by more than 1 to 2 mmHg. Control IFV in skin amounts to 40 ml/100 g wet tissue and IFV will therefore change by 14% when IFP changes by 1 mmHg from the control level. This change in IFV will cause interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure to increase or decrease by somewhat more than 1 mmHg in dehydration or hydration respectively from a normal control level of about 9 mmHg. With further increase in IFV secondary to increased capillary filtration, the interstitial edmaprevention will depend on washout and/or dilution of interstitial proteins since IFP did not increase by more than 1 to 2 mmHg.