gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A-law/Mu-law Dynamic Range Compression Deconvolution (Preprint) (2008)

In this paper the A-law/Mu-law Dynamic Range Compression algorithm used in telecommunication systems is proposed for the first time for nonlinear Dynamic Range Compression image restoration of blurred signals embedded in very high noise environment. Our simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic range compression image deconvolution via the A-law/Mu-law outperforms image restoration based on the well-established image restoration filters that have been used for the last fifty years such as Wiener filter and Inverse filter. The deconvolution orders have been analyzed using the nonlinear transform method.
Systemic Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancers (2008)

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are invasive carcinomas that arise from the epithelial lining of the gallbladder and bile ducts. These include intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal biliary tree cancers as well as carcinoma arising from the gallbladder. Complete surgical resection offers the only chance for cure; however, only 10% of patients present with early-stage disease and are considered surgical candidates. Among those patients who do undergo "curative" resection, recurrence rates are high; thus, for the majority of BTC patients, systemic chemotherapy is the mainstay of their treatment plan. Patients with unresectable or metastatic BTC have a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival time of <1 year. Despite a paucity of randomized phase III data, a consensus on first-line systemic therapy is emerging. In this review, we discuss the clinical experience with systemic treatment of BTC, focusing on the rationale for a first-line regimen as well as future directions in the field.
Data from First-in-Human Study of PF-05212384 (PKI-587), a Small-Molecule, Intravenous, Dual Inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR in Patients with Advanced Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate safety (primary endpoint), tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic profile, and preliminary activity of the intravenous, pan-class I isoform PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384 in patients with advanced solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Part 1 of this open-label phase I study was designed to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with nonselected solid tumors, using a modified continual reassessment method to guide dose escalation. Objectives of part 2 were MTD confirmation and assessment of preliminary activity in patients with selected tumor types and PI3K pathway dysregulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Seventy-seven of the 78 enrolled patients received treatment. The MTD for PF-05212384, administered intravenously once weekly, was estimated to be 154 mg. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) were mucosal inflammation/stomatitis (58.4%), nausea (42.9%), hyperglycemia (26%), decreased appetite (24.7%), fatigue (24.7%), and vomiting (24.7%). The majority of patients treated at the MTD experienced only grade 1 treatment-related AEs. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs occurred in 23.8% of patients at the MTD. No treatment-related grade 4–5 AEs were reported at any dose level. Antitumor activity was noted in this heavily pretreated patient population, with two partial responses (PR) and an unconfirmed PR. Eight patients had long-lasting stable disease (&gt;6 months). Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a biphasic concentration–time profile for PF-05212384 (half-life, 30–37 hours after multiple dosing). PF-05212384 inhibited downstream effectors of the PI3K pathway in paired tumor biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings demonstrate the manageable safety profile and antitumor activity of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384, supporting further clinical development for patients with advanced solid malignancies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1888–95. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Assessment of the impact of the IARC Monograph Vol. 121 on the safety of the substance styrene (FCM No 193) for its use in plastic food contact materials (2020)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) was requested by the European Commission to re-evaluate the safety of styrene (FCM No 193) for use in plastic food contact materials (FCM) following the classification by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as 'probably carcinogenic to humans'. The IARC Monograph pertains to hazard identification, based on studies on high-dose occupational exposures by inhalation and animal studies, also mainly by inhalation. The Panel considered that the IARC conclusions cannot be directly applied to the evaluation of risks for consumers from the oral exposure to styrene, but also concluded that, based on the data provided in the IARC Monograph and by the industry, a concern for genotoxicity associated with oral exposure to styrene cannot be excluded. The migration of styrene into foods packed in styrenic plastics is below 10 μg/kg for the majority of the foods, but up to 230 μg/kg was reported. Migration tends to be high for contact with fatty foods, and/or with high surface to volume ratios of the FCM. Dietary exposure of the consumers to styrene migrating from styrenic plastics was estimated in the order of 0.1 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. It is in the same range as exposure from styrene present in foods as such. The dietary exposure (food component plus migration from styrenic plastics) is similar or lower than that by inhalation in the general population. Taking the human exposure data into account, the Panel concluded that a systematic review of genotoxicity and mechanistic data, comparative toxicokinetics and analysis of species differences is required for assessing the safety of styrene for its use in FCM.
Multidetector Spiral High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lungs: Distribution of Findings on Coronal Image Reconstructions (2002)

The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the distribution of normal findings and various lung diseases on coronal reconstructions as compared with cross-sectional high-resolution CT images. The volumetric CT images were obtained at 120 kVp, 200 mA/rotation, pitch 6:1, and a high-spatial-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The scans were performed using 2.5-mm collimation and reconstructed at 1.25-mm intervals. Coronal reconstructions were obtained at 2.5-mm slice thickness and 2.5-mm intervals. The pictorial includes images of normal anatomy, emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and panbronchiolitis.
<title>A recursive filter for noise reduction in statistical iterative tomographic imaging</title> (2006)

Computed Tomography (CT) screening and pediatric imaging, among other applications, demand the development of more efficient reconstruction techniques to diminish radiation dose to the patient. While many methods are proposed to limit or modulate patient exposure to x-ray at scan time, the resulting data is excessively noisy, and generates image artifacts unless properly corrected. Statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques have recently been introduced for reconstruction of low-dose CT data, and rely on the accurate modeling of the distribution of noise in the acquired data. After conversion from detector counts to attenuation measurements, however, noisy data usually deviate from simple Gaussian or Poisson representation, which limits the ability of IR to generate artifact-free images. This paper introduces a recursive filter for IR, which conserves the statistical properties of the measured data while pre-processing attenuation measurements. A basic framework for inclusion of detector electronic noise into the statistical model for IR is also presented. The results are shown to successfully eliminate streaking artifacts in photon-starved situations.
Workflow-based process monitoring and controlling-technical and organizational issues (2005)

Workflow management systems enable the exact and timely analysis of automated business processes through the analysis of logged audit trail data. Within the research project CONGO, we develop a process analysis tool (PISA) that can be employed to analyze the audit trail data of different workflow management systems in conjunction with target data from business process modeling tools. A working prototype has been completed that integrates data of the ARIS Toolset and IBM MQSeries Workflow. The analysis focuses on three different perspectives: processes and functions, involved resources, and process objects. We outline the economic aspects of workflow based process monitoring and control and the current state of the art in monitoring facilities provided by current workflow management systems and existing standards. After a discussion of the three evaluation perspectives, sample evaluation methods for each perspective are discussed. The concept and architecture of PISA are described and implementation issues are outlined before an outlook on further research is given.
(2014 Mellor Lecture) Experiences with LabTrove, a researcher-centric electronic laboratory notebook ELN: undergraduate possibilities and Twitter. (2014)

Electronic Laboratory Notebooks (ELNs) are progressively replacing the traditional paper books for recording of data and scientific reasoning in commercial research establishments and academic institutions, albeit not at UNSW Australia.The LabTrove ELN was designed and developed at Southampton University as an open source, web-based, recording system that is researcher-centric and can be tailored to meets the needs of individuals as well as entire research groups.The LabTrove system also ensures appropriate levels of security, and captures the meta-information necessary to establish reliable provenance.It is designed to promote cross-institutional collaborative working, to enable the sharing of procedures and results, and to facilitate publication.LabTrove is being used in a heterogeneous set of academic laboratories around the world.At UNSW Brynn Hibbert's group has used, in part or in whole, this ELN.An Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC, now OLT) grant allowed the development of a collaborative ELN for undergraduate analytical experiments.With the Universities of Sydney, Curtin, Chiang Mai (Thailand) and Southampton (UK) experiments were developed and tested that involved students from pairs of institutions, sharing data and interpretations but being assessed in their own departments.As an example of the use of social media in chemical education, Twitter has been used as a channel of communication between lecturer and audience of 500 + first year undergraduate students.During the Mellor lecture feedback from the audience was solicited by a running monitor of a Twitter hashtag (#mellor2014) projected on a screen.Tweets from Sweden and other locations were accepted during the lecture.1.
Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism (2016)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
Enhancing Effect of Radiation Therapy Using Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (1999)

Abstract : Our earlier studies demonstrated that ibuprofen sensitizes prostate cancer cells to radiation in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of NSAIDs were seen at concentrations that are higher than those that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. To understand the mechanisms involved in radiosensitization we examined the effects of ibuprofen on several potential cellular targets including COX-2 and transcription factors NFkB and HIFs. NFkB regulates cytokines, growth factors and controls apoptotic pathways. Ibuprofen inhibited constitutive as well as cytokine- or radiation-induced NFkB. Tumor cells in hypoxic environment are resistant to cancer therapies including radiation, although the role of HIFs in this effect is not clear. HIFs are key regulators of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and are over expressed in the majority of common human tumors. Since NSAIDs inhibit angiogenesis we determined the effect of the NSAlDs on HIFs. Ibuprofen treatment rapidly reduced HIF proteins with a subsequent reduction in the HIF-regulated gene products VEGF and Glut- 1 under hypoxia in vitro. We are currently evaluating the effects of radiation in combination with COX-2 specific inhibitors that appear to be relatively less toxic in clinic, on tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Preclinical studies using a combination of COX inhibitors is in progress in preparation for a clinical trial with molecular markers. The specific role of HIFs is being evaluated in HIF over expressing cells as another therapeutic target for radiosensitization. The results from this research project can be directly translated into the clinic with a potential to improve local tumor control, to reduce toxicity and increase overall survival.
Regroupement de machines et d'opérateurs en cellules par des algorithmes évolutionnistes (1995)

International audience
Reduction in corneal haze and apoptosis by amniotic membrane matrix in excimer laser photoablation in rabbits (2001)

Amniotic membrane matrix introduced at an early stage of the corneal wound healing process effectively reduced corneal haze induced by excimer laser photoablation in rabbits. Studies linking suppression of apoptosis in the acute wound-healing process with reduction of subsequent corneal scarring may have useful clinical applications.
Eine vergleichende internationale Langzeitstudie zur Dosierung der Enzymersatztherapie des M. Gaucher (2005)

M. Gaucher ist die häufigste lysosomale Speichererkrankung: unbehandelt führt sie zu Anämie, Thrombozytopenie, Hepatosplenomegalie und Destruktion des Knochens. Standardtherapie ist die Enzymersatztherapie mit Imiglucerase, die zu einer Normalisierung des Blutbildes, der Hepatosplenomegalie und der Knochenmanifestationen führt. Umstritten ist die adäquate Dosierung der teuren Enzymersatztherapie, die je nach Land und verfügbaren Ressourcen zwischen 7.5 und 120 U/kg KG/2 Wochen i.v. schwankt. Ziel der Untersuchung war, die hämatologischen, viszeralen und ossären Ansprechraten bei unterschiedlich dosierten Kollektiven zu vergleichen. Hierzu wurden das Düsseldorfer (UKD) Patientenkollektiv (n=69) mit dem Amsterdamer (AMC) Patientenkollektiv verglichen (AMC, n=50). Die Patientengruppen waren im Hinblick auf Alter, Geschlecht, Schweregrad sowie Dauer der Enzymersatztherapie vergleichbar (Tab. 1). Während die Düsseldorfer Patienten mit einer Initialdosis von 40 U/kg KG/2 wks. begannen, lag die initiale Dosierung der niederländischen Patienten bei 7.5 U/kg KG/2 wks.. Verglichen wurden die klinischen Ansprechraten über einen Zeitraum von fast 10 Jahren. Es zeigte sich, dass eine Normalisierung des Hb-Werts bei den UKD-Patienten nach durchschnittlich 8, bei den AMC-Patienten nach 12 Monaten erreicht wurde. Die Thrombozyten hatten sich in beiden Gruppen nach etwa 16 Monaten normalisiert. Ein Rückgang der Leber- und Milzgröße auf 50% des Ausgangswerts wurde nach durchschnittlich 24 (UKD) bzw. 30 Monaten (AMC) erreicht. Die Chitotriosidase, die initial massiv erhöht war und wichtigster Kontrollparameter der Erkrankung ist, fiel bei den UKD-Patienten nach durchschnittlich 16, bei den AMC-Patienten erst nach 48 Monaten auf Werte unter 5000 nmol/ml/h ab (p<0,02). Eine Verringerung des BMB (bone marrow burden score) im MRT des Knochens um 2 Punkte wiesen die UKD-Patienten nach durchschnittlich 48 Monaten, die AMC-Patienten erst nach 79 Monaten auf (p<0,03). 30% der niederländischen Patienten, aber nur 5% der deutschen Patienten zeigten keine messbare Verbesserung des Knochenbefalls. Diese Langzeit-Studie zeigt zum ersten Mal, dass die Dosierung von Imiglucerase nur die Normalisierung der Chitotriosidase und der ossären Manifestationen beeinflusst.
Hybrid Beamforming Architecture and Wide Bandwidth True-Time Delay for Future High Speed Communications 5G and Beyond 5G Beamforming System (2018)

Multi Antenna systems such as beamforming and MIMO are anticipated to play a key role in 5G and beyond 5G communications. The Phased Array Antennas(PAAs) with phase shifter is the dominant method to achieve beamforming up to now. However the operation bandwidth of PAAs is limited to narrow(~200MHz) due to beam-squint problem. In beyond 5G, hundreds of Gbps data rate are required so the traditional PAAs based beamforming will face technical difficulties in the future. In this paper we proposed new beamforming architecture and an analog True-time delay(TTD) circuit which covers 4.8 GHz bandwidth. The architecture is a combination of phase shifters and TTDs. The analog TTD is composed of all-pass filter based cascade delay cells. The experimentally demonstrated TTD can support 590 psec total-delays with 40 psec resolution which covers more than 1024 number of array in mm-wave 5G system. The measured delay variance is within 4.09 % over the whole operating bandwidth. As a result the proposed scheme is a good candidate for large array and wide width beamforming system.
Anatomical landmarks for endosonography of the larynx (2009)

Due to a reproducible sonoanatomy of the larynx, endosonography might be an interesting complementary tool in the diagnostic investigation of laryngeal lesions such as medium-sized tumors, cysts, laryngoceles, and stenoses.
Manufacturing waste disposal practices of the chemical propulsion industry (1995)

The waste production, mitigation and disposal practices of the United States chemical propulsion industry have been investigated, delineated, and comparatively assessed to the U.S. industrial base. Special emphasis has been placed on examination of ozone depleting chemicals (ODC's). The research examines present and anticipated future practices and problems encountered in the manufacture of solid and liquid propulsion systems. Information collected includes current environmental laws and regulations that guide the industry practices, processes in which ODC's are or have been used, quantities of waste produced, funding required to maintain environmentally compliant practices, and preventive efforts.
Synthetic applications of 2-phenylselenenyl enones. Selective formation of exocyclic or endocyclic enones from a common intermediate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic applications of 2-phenylselenenyl enones. Selective formation of exocyclic or endocyclic enones from a common intermediateGeorge Zima, Christopher Barnum, and Dennis LiottaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2736–2737Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stereoselective, Cascade Synthesis of trans-Enynones through Coupling-Isomerization Reaction (2015)

A mild, cascade methodology based on the modified Cadiot-Chodkiewicz reaction was developed for the stereoselective synthesis of trans-enynones. By this methodology, structurally divergent trans-enynones, which are embedded with sensitive functional groups, were synthesized. Control experiments suggested that the CuCl alone does not have a role in the isomerization step, whereas the CuCl-piperidine complex (formed during the cross coupling) may have a rate enhancing effect. Furthermore, additional sets of control experiments favor the involvement of unimolecular [1,2]-H shift rather than a homobimolecular proton abstraction during the isomerization step.
Three-dimensional microfabrication by localized electrochemical deposition (1996)

A microfabrication technology capable of electrodepositing truly three-dimensional metal structures is introduced. Micrometer-scale nickel structures including a multicoiled helical spring have been fabricated. Electrodeposition is localized by placing a sharp-tipped electrode in a plating solution, near a substrate, and applying a voltage. Structures are built by moving the electrode appropriately with respect to the substrate. Vertical deposition rates of 6 /spl mu/m/s are observed, two orders of magnitude greater than those of conventional electrodeposition. The theory of mass transport to a region of localized field is discussed, and a model of deposition profile is presented. The process can potentially produce submicrometer feature sizes using a range of materials including pure metals, alloys, and polymers.
Is it feasible to offer ‘targeted ablation’ of ventricular tachycardia circuits with better understanding of isthmus anatomy and conduction characteristics? (2018)

Successful mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardias remains a challenging clinical task. Whereas conventional entrainment and activation mapping was for many years the gold standard to identify reentrant circuits in ischaemic ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures, substrate mapping has become the cornerstone of ventricular tachycardia ablation. In the last decade, technology has dramatically improved. In parallel to high-density automated mapping, cardiac imaging and image integration tools are increasingly used to assess the structural ventricular tachycardia substrate. The aim of this review is to describe the technologies underlying these new mapping systems and to discuss their possible role in providing new insights into identification and visualization of reentrant tachycardia mechanisms.