gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Depression in the Hippocampus In Vivo Is Associated with Protein Phosphatase‐Dependent Alterations in Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase (2000)

There is growing evidence that activation of either protein kinases or protein phosphatases determines the type of plasticity observed after different patterns of hippocampal stimulation. Because activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been shown to be necessary for long-term potentiation, we investigated the regulation of ERK in long-term depression (LTD) in the adult hippocampus in vivo. We found that ERK immunoreactivity was decreased following the induction of LTD and that this decrease required NMDA receptor activation. The LTD-associated decrease in ERK immunoreactivity could be simulated in vitro via incubation of either purified ERK2 or hippocampal homogenates with either protein phosphatase 1 or protein phosphatase 2A. The protein phosphatase-dependent decrease in ERK immunoreactivity was inhibited by microcystin. Intrahippocampal administration of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid blocked the LTD-associated decrease in ERK2, but not ERK1, immunoreactivity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that protein phosphatases can decrease ERK immunoreactivity and that such a decrease occurs with ERK2 during LTD. These observations provide the first demonstration of a biochemical alteration of ERK in LTD.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of CCL17 blockade as a therapy for osteoarthritis pain and disease. (2018)

Background: Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases and in osteoarthritis (OA).We identified previously a new GM-CSF→Jmjd3→interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4)→chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) pathway, which is important for the development of inflammatory arthritis pain and disease.Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) can also be linked with this pathway.Here we investigated the involvement of the pathway in OA pain and disease development using the GM-CSF-dependent collagenase-induced OA (CiOA) model.Methods: CiOA was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), Irf4 -/-, Ccl17 E/E , Ccr4 -/-, Tnf -/-and GM-CSF -/-mice.Additionally, therapeutic targeting of CCL17, Jmjd3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was evaluated.Development of pain (assessment of weight distribution) and OA disease (histologic scoring of synovitis, cartilage destruction and osteophyte size) were assessed.Synovial joint cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, were isolated (cell sorting) and gene expression analyzed (quantitative PCR).Results: Studies in the gene-deficient mice indicated that IRF4, CCL17 and the CCL17 receptor, CCR4, but not TNF, were required for CiOA pain and optimal cartilage destruction and osteophyte size.Therapeutic neutralization of CCL17 and Jmjd3 ameliorated both pain and disease, whereas the COX-2 inhibitor only ameliorated pain.In the synovium Ccl17 mRNA was expressed only in the macrophages in a GM-CSF-dependent and IRF4-dependent manner.Conclusions: The GM-CSF→Jmjd3→IRF4→CCL17 pathway is important for the development of CiOA, with CCL17 thus being a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of both OA pain and disease.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Offspring of Diabetic Women: The Impact of the Intrauterine Environment (2012)

The incidence of gestational diabetes is increasing worldwide, exposing large numbers of infants to hyperglycaemia whilst in utero. This exposure may have a long-term negative impact on the cardiovascular health of the offspring. Novel methods to assess cardiovascular status in the neonatal period are now available-including measuring arterial intima-media thickness and retinal photography. These measures will allow researchers to assess the relative impact of intrauterine exposures, distinguishing these from genetic or postnatal environmental factors. Understanding the long-term impact of the intrauterine environment should allow the development of more effective health policy and interventions to decrease the future burden of cardiovascular disease. Initiating disease prevention aimed at the developing fetus during the antenatal period may optimise community health outcomes.
Direction reconfigurable nonreciprocal acousto-optic modulator on chip (2019)

Nonreciprocal components are essential in photonic systems for protecting light sources and for signal routing functions. Acousto-optic methods to produce nonreciprocal devices offer a foundry-compatible alternative to magneto-optic solutions and are especially important for photonic integration. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a dynamically reconfigurable nonreciprocal acousto-optic modulator at the telecom wavelength with a peak contrast of 8 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.1 GHz. The modulator can be arranged in a multitude of reciprocal and nonreciprocal configurations by means of an external RF input. The dynamic reconfigurability of the device is enabled by a new cross-finger interdigitated piezoelectric transducer that can change the directionality of the reciprocity-breaking acoustic excitation based on the phase of the RF input. The methodology we demonstrate here may enable new avenues for direction dependent signal processing and optical isolation.
Liquid cooling performance for a 3-D multichip module and miniature heat sink (1995)

Measured thermal performance is presented for a single phase liquid-cooled module. Tape automated bonded (TAB) thermal test chips and their associated substrates are stacked in a compact, 3-D liquid-tight module. A dielectric liquid, polyalphaolefin (PAO), is forced to flow past the active and inactive sides of TAB chips. At a volumetric flowrate of 0.05 gallons per minute (gpm) and an estimated pressure loss less than 0.5 psi, the measured junction-to-liquid thermal resistance is 2.0 C/W for a 0.50 in./spl times/0.50 in./spl times/0.015 in. thermal test chip. The thermal resistance was also measured for an indirect liquid-cooling approach. PAO was used to cool a miniature sink mounted directly to a 0.50 in./spl times/0.50 in. heat source. The heat source was used to simulate the thermal characteristics of a chip carrier package. The overall dimension of the liquid heat sink is 1.0 in./spl times/1.0 in./spl times/0.28 in. The measured junction-to-liquid thermal resistance is 0.52 C/W for a flowrate of 0.05 gpm, and for an estimated pressure loss less than 1.0 psi. Numerical computational techniques yielded results which were comparable to the measured thermal resistances for both the 3-D module and the miniature heat sink. Enhanced thermal performance gained by introducing micro-encapsulated phase change material (microPCM) to the PAO is estimated for both the 3-D module and the miniature heat sink.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of High-Volume Versus High-Load Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Growth and Molecular Adaptations (2022)

We evaluated the effects of higher-load (HL) versus (lower-load) higher-volume (HV) resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and muscle-level molecular adaptations. Trained men (<i>n</i> = 15, age: 23 ± 3 years; training experience: 7 ± 3 years) performed unilateral lower-body training for 6 weeks (3× weekly), where single legs were randomly assigned to HV and HL paradigms. Vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies were obtained prior to study initiation (PRE) as well as 3 days (POST) and 10 days following the last training bout (POSTPR). Body composition and strength tests were performed at each testing session, and biochemical assays were performed on muscle tissue after study completion. Two-way within-subject repeated measures ANOVAs were performed on most dependent variables, and tracer data were compared using dependent samples t-tests. A significant interaction existed for VL muscle cross-sectional area (assessed <i>via</i> magnetic resonance imaging; interaction <i>p</i> = 0.046), where HV increased this metric from PRE to POST (+3.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.018) whereas HL training did not (-0.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.475). Additionally, HL increased leg extensor strength more so than HV training (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.032; HV < HL at POST and POSTPR, <i>p</i> < 0.025 for each). Six-week integrated non-myofibrillar protein synthesis (iNon-MyoPS) rates were also higher in the HV versus HL condition, while no difference between conditions existed for iMyoPS rates. No interactions existed for other strength, VL morphology variables, or the relative abundances of major muscle proteins. Compared to HL training, 6 weeks of HV training in previously trained men optimizes VL hypertrophy in lieu of enhanced iNon-MyoPS rates, and this warrants future research.
Dry/wet cooling towers with ammonia as intermediate heat exchange medium (2024)

Engineering conceptual studies were made of several dry cooling towers for a 500 MW/sub e/ power plant. The most economical method used ammonia as a heat exchange medium. The ammonia condenses the turbine steam in a condenser-reboiler while being evaporated itself. The ammonia vapor is condensed and then recycled from a dry cooling tower. The lowest cost approach utilized a water deluge on the tower during the hottest ambient conditions to effect water savings of 80 percent over an all evaporative system. The total capital, and capitalized operating cost saving for the deluged/ammonia cooling system over a conventional wet/dry tower is potentially 15 to 30 percent for a typically $30 million tower.
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with the novel agent IPI-504 in metastatic GIST following failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or other sarcomas: Clinical results from phase I trial (2008)

10503 Background: Laboratory studies have demonstrated that inhibition of the Hsp90 chaperone protein results in selective destruction of the mutated KIT kinase in human GIST cell lines across multiple genotypes which confer TKI resistance. Other histopathologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are also sensitive in vitro. To test this clinically, we conducted a phase I trial of IPI-504, a water-soluble Hsp90 inhibitor, for patients (pts) with metastatic, TKI-resistant GIST or metastatic STS. Methods: Pts with metastatic, TKI-resistant GIST or advanced/metastatic STS received IPI-504 in 21 day cycles (IV in 250 cc of normal saline over 30 min) either twice weekly for 2 weeks followed by 1 week off treatment (Schedule A) or twice weekly continuously for 3 weeks (Schedule B). Serial monitoring with 18FDG-PET imaging at baseline, day 11, and day 21, as well as PK profiling of IPI-504 and its major active metabolites (17-AAG and 17-AG) were performed. Results: 54 pts (38 GIST; 16 STS) have been entered at 5 dose levels (90 mg/m2 IPI-504 [n=6], 150 [6], 225 [9], 300 [3], 400 [23] 500 [7]). The GIST pts had progressed despite prior imatinib and sunitinib in 100% and 95% respectively, as well as other agents in 38%. 45/54 pts received Schedule A. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 400 mg/m2 on Schedule A based on 2 DLTs (G3 headache, G3 myalgia) observed at the 500 mg/m2 dose level. In the 18 GIST pts assessed by PET, 22% had a PET partial response and an additional 66% had stable disease according to the EORTC PET response criteria. Although no RECIST- defined responses were observed, 29/37 (78%) evaluable pts had a best response of SD. Conclusions: IPI-504 has been well-tolerated overall and shows promising early evidence of activity in the treatment of pts with TKI-resistant GIST. The MTD for twice-weekly IPI-504 for 2 weeks with 1 week off treatment is 400 mg/m2; expansion of this cohort is ongoing. Targeting Hsp90 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic GIST. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Infinity Pharmaceuticals Amgen, Ariad, Bayer, Genentech™ BioOncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Human Genome Sciences, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer Oncology, PharmaMar Infinity Pharmaceuticals Novartis, Pfizer Oncology, PharmaMar Amgen, Ariad, ArQule, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech™ BioOncology, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, OSI Oncology, Pfizer Oncology, PharmaMar Ariad, GlaxoSmithKline, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer Oncology, PharmaMar
Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe (1999)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/6281/thumbnail.jpg
Non-invasive coronary angiography using multislice computed tomography (2005)

Non-invasive methods for detection of coronary atherosclerosis have been limited to indirect markers, such as myocardial perfusion or wall motion during exercise or pharmacological stress. However, advances in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) not allow sufficient spatial resolution for direct non-invasive imaging of the coronary arteries. This review focuses on imaging techniques and clinical applications of MSCT in human studies. Published studies of the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT in native coronary arteries and bypass grafts indicate excellent sensitivity and specificity for detection of 50% diameter stenosis. MSCT is particularly good for evaluating the origin and course of anomalous coronary arteries. MSCT offers the ability to visualise both the lumen and wall of artery, as well as to quantify coronary classification. Further technical developments promise to render MSCT the ideal non-invasive tool for direct visualisation of the coronary arteries.
Inhibition of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Polyphenols: Structural Similarity and Aromatic Interactions as a Common Inhibition Mechanism (2005)

The formation of well-ordered fibrillar protein deposits is common to a large group of amyloid-associated disorders. This group consists of several major human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion diseases, and type II diabetes. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic agent directed towards the formation of fibrillar assemblies, which have been recently shown to have a key role in the cytotoxic nature of amyloidogenic proteins. One important approach in the development of therapeutic agents is the use of small molecules that specifically and efficiently inhibit the aggregation process. Several small polyphenol molecules have been demonstrated to remarkably inhibit the formation of fibrillar assemblies in vitro and their associated cytotoxicity. Yet, the inhibition mechanism was mostly attributed to the antioxidative properties of these polyphenol compounds. Based on several observations demonstrating that polyphenols are capable of inhibiting amyloid fibril formation in vitro, regardless of oxidative conditions, and in view of their structural similarities we suggest an additional mechanism of action. This mechanism is assuming structural constraints and specific aromatic interactions, which direct polyphenol inhibitors to the amyloidogenic core. This proposed mechanism is highly relevant for future de novo inhibitors' design as therapeutic agents for the treatment of amyloid-associated diseases.
Thin-film monocrystalline-silicon solar cells on transparent high-temperature glass-ceramic substrates (2009)

Solar modules made from thin-film crystalline-silicon layers of high quality on glass substrates could lower the price of photovoltaic electricity substantially. One possibility is to use polycrystalline-silicon thin films, but the difficulty of this approach is to obtain a sufficiently high material quality and to achieve an effective passivation of the numerous grain boundaries. However, the utilization of a monocrystalline-silicon thin film instead of a polycrystalline-silicon layer should enable simpler device processes, higher process yield and a single-crystal-like efficiency due to the intrinsic higher quality of the material. In this paper, 10-micron thick monocrystalline-silicon layers on transparent glass-ceramic substrates were made by epitaxial thickening of thin monocrystalline-silicon seed layers. By using a very simple cell structure that does not incorporate any light trapping features, silicon single-crystal solar cells on glass-ceramics presented efficiencies of up to 7.5%. However, efficiencies above 9% should be realizable by simply improving the contacting scheme. In addition, by integrating an efficient light trapping scheme and by optimizing the minority carrier diffusion length, the efficiency potential could be as high as 15% for films with a thickness between five to ten microns on glass-ceramics.
Identification of the Main Phenolic Markers in Turkish Pine Honeys and Their Biological Functions (2022)

The purpose of this research was to identify the biological activity of Turkish pine honeys and the most abundant phenolic compound(s) to guide future studies to be done about this type of honey. Moreover, this will provide the chance to introduce Turkish pine honeys by elucidating a distinct parameter compared to other forms of honey reported in the literature. To this end, microscopic examination based on the number of honeydew elements (NHE) and the number of total pollen (NTP) grains was performed on 17 samples of pine honeys from the Aegean region of Turkey. Then 18 commonly-occurring phenolic standards were used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to examine the samples. Each sample was tested for individual phenolic compounds, as well as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). As shown by the numerical data, the values for NHE and NTP were 6600-144000 and 3000-75000, respectively. In addition, the general means of TPC, TFC, and FRAP values for the samples were 53.000 mg GAE/100 g fresh sample, 1.944 mg QE/100 g fresh sample, and 3.455 μmol FeSO<sub>4</sub> /g fresh sample, respectively. Protocatechuic acid predominated with a range of 197.841-780.227 μg phenolic /100 g sample in all samples. According to the general mean for values detected in the samples, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid were the second and third markers for Turkish pine honey samples. It is believed that these results will help efforts to set standards for pine honey on a national and global scale.
How I treat late effects in adults after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2010)

More than 25,000 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HCTs) are expected to be performed worldwide in 2010, a number that has been increasing yearly. With broadening indications, more options for allo-HCT, and improvement in survival, by 2020 there may be up to half a million long-term survivors after allo-HCT worldwide. These patients have increased risks for various late complications, which can cause morbidity and mortality. Most long-term survivors return to the care of their local hematologists/oncologists or primary care physicians, who may not be familiar with specialized monitoring recommendations for this patient population. The purpose of this article is to describe practical approaches to screening for and managing these late effects, with the goal of reducing preventable morbidity and mortality associated with allo-HCT.
Global Analysis of the Role of Autophagy in Cellular Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Seedlings under Carbon Starvation (2015)

Germination and early seedling establishment are developmental stages in which plants face limited nutrient supply as their photosynthesis mechanism is not yet active. For this reason, the plant must mobilize the nutrient reserves provided by the mother plant in order to facilitate growth. Autophagy is a catabolic process enabling the bulk degradation of cellular constituents in the vacuole. The autophagy mechanism is conserved among eukaryotes, and homologs of many autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana. T-DNA insertion mutants (atg mutants) of these genes display higher sensitivity to various stresses, particularly nutrient starvation. However, the direct impact of autophagy on cellular metabolism has not been well studied. In this work, we used etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings as a model system for carbon starvation. atg mutant seedlings display delayed growth in response to carbon starvation compared with wild-type seedlings. High-throughput metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses were performed, as well as extensive flux analyses, in order to decipher the underlying causes of the phenotype. Significant differences between atg mutants and wild-type plants have been demonstrated, suggesting global effects of autophagy on central metabolism during carbon starvation as well as severe energy deprivation, resulting in a morphological phenotype.
New Mobilities and Old Problems. Tourist Flows and Low-Cost Airlines in the Balearic Islands and Spain (2013)

Transport is a fundamental component of an economic and spatial model based on tourism because it acts as an interface between tourists’ countries of origin and holiday destinations. The Western Mediterranean, one of the world market’s top tourist destinations, is seeing the effects of changes and trends in tourism associated with post-modern hypermobility, characterized by fragmented holidays, affordable prices and the widespread use of the Internet, which is partly responsible for the emergence of a new mode of air traffic: low-cost airlines. In the Balearic Islands, these airlines are clearly one of the most recent, noteworthy innovations in air transport and tourism. They have brought about qualitative and quantitative changes in air travel and airline companies by boosting mobility and accessibility, not just for visitors but also for residents. The increase in air traffic is added to other pre-existing problems and leads us to consider its main impacts too.
3-D Printed Conveyor for Continuous-Mode Cryopreservation of Individual Samples (2016)

Lack of standardization of terminology and protocols, combined with limited access to freezing equipment due to cost constraints and lack of portability, has created a need for inexpensive cryopreservation devices. Distribution of standardized methods of freezing cells would enable the development and adoption of standards on materials and protocols. Some cryopreservation methods are limited by the amount of cells available and the toxicity of certain cryopreservation agents. These studies would benefit from the ability to cool individual samples. All commercially available and proposed cooling devices operate by cooling batches of samples at the same time. The cryopreservation conveyor was designed to provide a portable, inexpensive, low-throughput means for continuously freezing French cryopreservation straws. The device consists of a 3-D printed conveyor driven by a stepper motor that operates above a reservoir of liquid nitrogen within a polystyrene cooling chamber. The height and speed of the conveyor can be adjusted to provide customizable freezing parameters such as cooling rates (6 to 40 °C/min) and plunge temperature (-30 to -160 °C). Three-dimensional printing is a particularly appropriate means of fabricating the device, as 3-D printed polylactide structures can be created that have low density while still maintaining structural integrity in cryogenic conditions. The cooling rates produced by the conveyor had a standard deviation of less than 4 °C/min. A comparison of freezing koi (Cyprinus carpio) sperm on the con-veyor and a commercially available controlled-rate freezer shows similar post-thaw motility. These results suggest that the conveyor device could meet the aforementioned needs to aid in standardization and reproducibility of cryopreservation efforts.