gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of Polypyrrole‐like Films on Self‐Assembly Nanostructured Silicon Surfaces by PECVD (2009)

Abstract The development of conducting polymers has become the aim of many research groups. This paper describes attempts to carry out a plasma polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on a nanostructured surface by attaching a 11‐(pyrrol‐1‐yl‐undecyl)dimethylchlorosilane molecule onto a silicon wafer surface in order to form a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). The effect of the SAM in the polymerization process is also studied. Important differences in the polymer deposition are found whether or not the surface has been modified with a SAM. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) analyses are performed to study the morphology, deposition, and growth of polypyrrole.
Real-time visualization of scalably large collections of heterogeneous objects (case study) (1999)

This paper presents results for real-time visualization of out-of-core collections of 3D objects. This is a significant extension of previous methods and shows the generality of hierarchical paging procedures applied both to global terrain and any objects that reside on it. Applied to buildings, the procedure shows the effectiveness of using a screen-based paging and display criterion within a hierarchical framework. The results demonstrate that the method is scalable since it is able to handle multiple collections of buildings (e.g., cities) placed around the earth with full interactivity and without extensive memory load. Further the method shows efficient handling of culling and is applicable to larger, extended collections of buildings. Finally, the method shows that levels of detail can be incorporated to provide improved detail management.
Mathematical morphology for automatic detection of brain lesions at magnetic resonance imaging. (1986)

An original method of image analysis has been developed, using 'mathematical morphology', in order to detect brain tumors at magnetic resonance imaging of the head following injection of gadolinium-DPTA. The main steps of the analysis are as follows: 1) Spatial reduction by automatic determination of a region of interest, 2) elimination of noise by morphologic filtering (increasing alternate closing-opening sequence), 3) localization of tumor by searching for r-h maxima, and 4) extraction of tumor contours using three-dimensional structuring elements. The preliminary results of this automatic and robust method encourage further studies of the potential of tissue analysis as an aid to tumor diagnosis.
Perception of object trajectory: Parsing retinal motion into self and object movement components (2007)

A moving observer needs to be able to estimate the trajectory of other objects moving in the scene. Without the ability to do so, it would be difficult to avoid obstacles or catch a ball. We hypothesized that neural mechanisms sensitive to the patterns of motion generated on the retina during self-movement (optic flow) play a key role in this process, "parsing" motion due to self-movement from that due to object movement. We investigated this "flow parsing" hypothesis by measuring the perceived trajectory of a moving probe placed within a flow field that was consistent with movement of the observer. In the first experiment, the flow field was consistent with an eye rotation; in the second experiment, it was consistent with a lateral translation of the eyes. We manipulated the distance of the probe in both experiments and assessed the consequences. As predicted by the flow parsing hypothesis, manipulating the distance of the probe had differing effects on the perceived trajectory of the probe in the two experiments. The results were consistent with the scene geometry and the type of simulated self-movement. In a third experiment, we explored the contribution of local and global motion processing to the results of the first two experiments. The data suggest that the parsing process involves global motion processing, not just local motion contrast. The findings of this study support a role for optic flow processing in the perception of object movement during self-movement.
Multi-Flow Scheduling for Coordinated Direct and Relayed Users in Cellular Systems (2013)

There are two basic principles used in wireless network coding to design throughput-efficient schemes: (1) aggregation of communication flows and (2) interference is embraced and subsequently cancelled or mitigated. These principles inspire design of many novel multi-flow transmission (MFT) schemes. Such are the Coordinated Direct/Relay (CDR) schemes, where each basic transmission involves two flows to a direct and a relayed user. Usage of MFT schemes as building blocks of more complex transmission schemes essentially changes the problem of scheduling, since some of the flows to be scheduled are coupled in a signal domain and they need to be assigned a communication resource simultaneously. In this paper we define a novel framework that can be used to analyze MFT schemes and assess the system-level gains. The framework is based on cellular wireless users with two-way traffic and it sets the basis for devising composite time-multiplexed MFT schemes, tailored to particular optimization criteria. Those criteria can be formulated by adapting well-known schedulers in order to incorporate MFT schemes. The results show rate advantages brought by the CDR schemes in pertinent scenarios. Another key contribution is the proposed framework, which can be used to evaluate any future multi-flow transmission scheme.
INFLUENCE OF EQUAL-CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING ON GRAIN REFINEMENTAND INELASTIC PROPERTIES OF TiNi-BASED ALLOYS (2015)

The review of regularities and possible mechanisms of grain refinement in TiNi-based alloys under the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the basis of the experimental results and liter-ary data is presented. The dependence of grain size on the accumulated true deformation in the framework of the continuous dynamic recrystallization model is considered. The results of experimental researches of ECAP effect on functional properties of TiNibased alloys are presented. The microstructure evolution of Ti50Ni47.3Fe2.7alloy with increasing number of ECAP passes affects nonmonotonically on mechanical properties, the regularities of accumulation and the recovery of inelastic deformation and the development of plastic deformation under isothermal loading unloading cycles and the shape recovery during heating predeformed samples. It is shown that the maximum of hardening achieved after the formation of ultrafine grain structure in samples of this alloy during the first pass of ECAP correlates with the maximum (5 %) of superelasticity at 295 K.
Navigation and Electro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology for Fusion of Imagery and Digital Mapping Products (2000)

Several military and commercial platforms are currently installing GPS and inertial navigation sensors concurrently with the introduction of high-quality visual capabilities and digital mapping/imagery databases. This enables autonomous geo-registration of sensor imagery using GPS/inertial position and attitude data, and also permits data from digital mapping products to be overlaid automatically on the sensor imagery. This paper describes the system architecture for a Navigation/Electro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology (NEOSIT) software application. The design is highly modular and based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) tools to facilitate integration with sensors, navigation and digital data sources already installed on different host platforms.
166Ho-DOTMP plus melphalan followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: results of two phase 1/2 trials (2003)

Holmium-166 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazcyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetramethylenephosphonate (166Ho-DOTMP) is a radiotherapeutic that localizes specifically to the skeleton and can deliver high-dose radiation to the bone and bone marrow. In patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation two phase 1/2 dose-escalation studies of high-dose 166Ho-DOTMP plus melphalan were conducted. Patients received a 30 mCi (1.110 Gbq) tracer dose of 166Ho-DOTMP to assess skeletal uptake and to calculate a patient-specific therapeutic dose to deliver a nominal radiation dose of 20, 30, or 40 Gy to the bone marrow. A total of 83 patients received a therapeutic dose of 166Ho-DOTMP followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 6 to 10 days later. Of the patients, 81 had rapid and sustained hematologic recovery, and 2 died from infection before day 60. No grades 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities were reported within the first 60 days. There were 27 patients who experienced grades 2 to 3 hemorrhagic cystitis, only 1 of whom had received continuous bladder irrigation. There were 7 patients who experienced complications considered to be caused by severe thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). No cases of severe TMA were reported in patients receiving in 166Ho-DOMTP doses lower than 30 Gy. Approximately 30% of patients experienced grades 2 to 4 renal toxicity, usually at doses targeting more than 40 Gy to the bone marrow. Complete remission was achieved in 29 (35%) of evaluable patients. With a minimum follow-up of 23 months, the median survival had not been reached and the median event-free survival was 22 months. 166Ho-DOTMP is a promising therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and merits further evaluation.
Active Power Imbalance Detection, Size and Location Estimation Using Limited PMU Measurements (2019)

Reduced system inertia decreases the time available for control actions to prevent the system frequency from violating security limits after a disturbance. Therefore, as system inertia is reduced by the shift toward renewable generation that provides little or no inertia, system operators must deploy faster frequency control actions if they are to preserve security and quality of supply. Realising methods for the fast and accurate detection, localization and sizing of an active power disturbance (e.g., the loss/connection of a large generator or load) will be a crucial enabler for the successful implementation of these faster actions. This paper presents a novel method that can simultaneously estimate the time, size, and location of a disturbance using PMU measurements of the active power output of a limited number of generators and the impedance matrix of the system. The immediate power change at the remote generator terminals is combined with the synchronizing power coefficient matrix in a two-stage process. Stage one uses a decision tree to determine that a disturbance has occurred, which then initiates stage two that estimates the size and location of the disturbance. This is based on the level of agreement between the monitored generators. Case studies and sensitivity analysis for the IEEE 39 bus test network are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed method for varied levels of measurement noise, impedance matrix errors, and topology errors for various disturbance sizes and locations.
Wind turbine control with constraint handling: a model predictive control approach (2012)

This study presents a wind turbine controller able to handle both hard and soft constraints, typically on actuators but also on other components of the wind turbine, if needed. An issue especially relevant during extreme events or for under-dimensioned actuators. The presented controller is based on model predictive control, a control method well suited for constraint handling. The performance of the presented controller during an extreme operating gust is compared to that of a proportional–integral controller with integrator anti-windup. Furthermore, the presented controller’s capability to operate in both partial and full load operation and to switch between the two modes of operation is demonstrated by additional test cases.
Impact of Fully Covered Metal Stent Placement in Refractory Postoperative Hilar and Anastomotic Strictures (2015)

Introduction: Biliary stricture can occur following surgeries of the biliary tract and can cause biliary congestion and cholangitis. Recently, fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) has been utilized for postoperative hilar and anastomotic strictures that have conventionally been considered difficult to treat. On the other hand, there is no solid evidence regarding optimal metal stent placement period.
Method: Retrospective review of patients treated for postoperative benign biliary stricture using a FCSEMS at our hospital between 2013 and 2015.
Results: We performed a total of 14 metal stent placements for 12 patients with postoperative benign biliary stricture. In all the patients, the metal stents were placed endoscopically and removed safely after the placement. The mean duration of stent placement was 47.9 days (28-144), and there was no retrograde cholangitis observed during metal stent placement. Following metal stent removal, the stricture improved in 9 patients. Recurrence developed in 3 patients, recurring bile duct stones in 2 patients, and cholangitis in 1 patient. Adverse events included post-ERCP pancreatitis in 2 patients, which was alleviated by stent removal the following day and conservative treatment in 1 patient, and conservative treatment only in the other patient. Distal stent migration was observed in 2 patients.
Conclusion: The present results suggest that stricture improvement can be expected in a shorter period by metal stent placement in patients with refractory postoperative biliary stricture. In patients with bile duct stones, lithectomy can be safely and effectively performed following metal stent expansion; however, further studies are required.
Implementing a bedside assessment of respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2017)

The present study involves data from our ongoing registry for respiratory mechanics (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02623192 . Registered 30 July 2015).
Cold Stage Scanning Electron Microscopy of Bentonite Suspensions (1980)

Aqueous suspensions of clay mineral particles evidently form gels owing to interactions between the electrically charged particles. It is generally accepted that physical properties of a suspension, especially rheological properties, reflect its microstructure and that deformation brings about structural changes (1) We have applied fast-freeze cold-stage scanning electron microscopy to visualize the microstructures of bentonite clay suspensions of known shear history.
A measurement of CP-violation parameters in B0 anti-B0 mixing using partially reconstructed D*- l+ nu/l events at BaBar (2006)

CP violation in B0B0bar mixing is characterized by the value of the parameter |q/p| being different from 1, and the Standard Model predicts this difference to be smaller than 10^{-3}. We present a measurement of this parameter using a partial reconstruction of one of the B mesons in the semileptonic channel D*- l+ nu_l, where only the hard lepton and the soft pion from the D*- --> D0bar pi- decay are reconstructed. The flavor of the other B is determined by means of lepton tagging. The determination of |q/p| is then performed with a fit to the proper time difference of the two B decays. We use a luminosity of 200.8 fb^-1, collected at the Y(4S) resonance by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetrical-energy e+e- collider, in the period 1999-2004. We obtain the preliminary result: |q/p| - 1 = (6.5 +/- 3.4(stat.) +/- 2.0(syst.)) x 10^{-3}
Design of Starch-graft-PEI Polymers: An Effective and Biodegradable Gene Delivery Platform (2014)

Starch and starch derivatives are widely utilized pharmaceutical excipients. The concept of this study was to make use of starch as a biodegradable backbone and to modify it with low-toxic, but poor transfecting low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) in order to achieve better transfection efficacy while maintaining enzymatic degradability. A sufficiently controllable conjugation could be achieved via a water-soluble intermediate of oxidized starch and an optimized reaction protocol. Systematic variation of MW fraction of the starch backbone and the amount of cationic side chains (0.8 kDa bPEI) yielded a series of starch-graft-PEI copolymers. Following purification and chemical characterization, nanoscale complexes with plasmid DNA were generated and studied regarding cytotoxicity and transfection efficacy. The optimal starch-graft-PEI polymers consisted of >100 kDa MW starch and contained 30% (wt) of PEI, showing similar transfection levels as 25 kDa bPEI, and being less cytotoxic and enzymatically biodegradable.
Site‐Selective and Metal‐Free Aliphatic CH Oxidation Enabled Synthesis of [5,24,25‐D3]‐(25S)‐Δ7‐Dafachronic acid (2015)

Steroid hormones play significant roles in both worms and mammalians. (25S)-Δ(7)-Dafachronic acid (Δ(7)-DA, 1) is a member of the dafachronic acid hormonal series that regulates both development and lifespan of C. elegans. Despite its importance, effective tools for the illumination of its mode of action are lacking. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of trideuterated Δ(7)-DA, [5,24,25-D3]-(25S)-Δ(7)-dafachronic acid ([D3]-Δ(7)-DA, 2), as a useful chemical tool for subsequent biological studies. Key steps for this bioinspired synthesis approach include site-selective aliphatic C-H oxidation mediated by methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO), and the iridium/phosphine-oxazoline-catalyzed late-stage asymmetric deuterium reduction.
PRDM9 activity depends on HELLS and promotes local 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment (2020)

Meiotic recombination starts with the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations that correspond to PRDM9-binding sites. The molecular steps occurring from PRDM9 binding to DSB formation are unknown. Using proteomic approaches to find PRDM9 partners, we identified HELLS, a member of the SNF2-like family of chromatin remodelers. Upon functional analyses during mouse male meiosis, we demonstrated that HELLS is required for PRDM9 binding and DSB activity at PRDM9 sites. However, HELLS is not required for DSB activity at PRDM9-independent sites. HELLS is also essential for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) enrichment at PRDM9 sites. Analyses of 5hmC in mice deficient for SPO11, which catalyzes DSB formation, and in PRDM9 methyltransferase deficient mice reveal that 5hmC is triggered at DSB-prone sites upon PRDM9 binding and histone modification, but independent of DSB activity. These findings highlight the complex regulation of the chromatin and epigenetic environments at PRDM9-specified hotspots.
Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2001)

There is a substantial and statistically significant increase in CHD and stroke in SLE that cannot be fully explained by traditional Framingham risk factors alone.
Review : Gelling polysaccharides from Australian seaweeds: research and potential (2001)

This review briefly characterizes the major Australian seaweed groups that elaborate gelling non-fibrillar wall components; it surveys the research, mostly conducted in the past decade, into the structure and potential applications of their polysaccharides. Recent emphasis has been placed on the chemistry of red-algal galactans, which has provided a chemotaxonomic data set against which hypotheses of algal taxonomy and phylogeny derived from classical morphology can be tested. Although there are ongoing environmental and economic impediments to the establishment of seaweed-based industries in Australia, the phycocolloids from Australian-endemic algae show a chemical diversity and potentially exploitable properties unmatched by species from other world regions. Novel gelling polysaccharides are leading to the exploration of structure–property relationships that will in time promote the development of whole new classes of commercial applications. Future advances in the technologies of commercial processing are likely to result from a deeper understanding of the phycocolloid biosynthesis pathways displayed by Australia’s rich genetic store of native seaweeds.
Traffic management improvement by integrating modern communication systems (1996)

The motivation for the research discussed in this article is to enable better driving through the use of modern communications technology. Therefore, one- and two-way communication systems have been investigated for their specific advantages in the improvement of driver information, safety, and traffic flow. The possibilities of various cellular communications systems are presented. Autonomous in-car navigation systems have reached marketability, and are able to perform static route guidance for drivers. These systems can be improved by giving them a knowledge of the current traffic situation to enable dynamic route guidance. This information can be transmitted via different communication systems, which are discussed.
Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia by gene transfer of interferon-beta (IFN-β) (1997)

s; 16th Meeting of the French Hypertension Society; Palais des Congrès, Paris, 12–13 December 1996
Pathophysiologic Significance of B-Cell Clusters in Chronically Rejected Grafts (2011)

The role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection is increasingly acknowledged. In contrast, whether B-cell clusters, which have been recently identified in chronically rejected allografts, actively participate in the process or are only an epiphenomenon remain a matter of debate. Integrating recently published data, we put forward explanations that reconcile the conflicting conclusions of experimental and biopsy-based studies. Finally, we propose a unified model in which B-cell clusters as part of intragraft tertiary lymphoid tissue can play deleterious or regulatory roles and therefore actively modulate the kinetics of chronic rejection.
State Building in De Facto States: Somaliland and Puntland Compared (2014)

Since the collapse of the Somali state, regional governments in Somaliland and Puntland have engaged in local state building. Studies often compare Somaliland and southern Somalia, but the comparison of Somaliland and Puntland receives less attention. We help fill this gap by comparing the state-building impact of Somaliland’s pursuit of internationally recognized statehood with that of Puntland’s decision to pursue a federalist Somalia. Engaging literature on de facto and unrecognized states, we argue that Somaliland and Puntland share key similarities with regard to security imperatives, revenue scarcity, and democratic challenges, but the quest for international statehood has unified the population and business community behind the Somaliland state and created incentives for its leaders to democratize; in Puntland, by contrast, the government’s continuing relationship with Somalia has complicated local state building.
Cerebral atrophy in an infant following treatment with ifosfamide (1994)

Ifosfamide, a nitrogen mustard derived alkylating agent commonly used in the treatment of solid tumors, has been associated with neurotoxicity in 5-33% of treated patients. Encephalopathy most often occurs during or shortly following drug administration, with increased drowsiness or irritability, confusion, hallucinations, visual blurring, extrapyramidal dysfunction, cranial nerve abnormalities, incontinence, generalized muscle twitching, seizures, and coma reported in infants, children, and older adults. While most reported neurologic abnormalities associated with ifosfamide have been reversible, encephalopathy resulting in death has occurred. We now report an infant who developed ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, loss of developmental milestones, progressive brain atrophy, and cessation of cranial growth. This is the first case of cerebral atrophy and loss of developmental milestones that has been reported in a pediatric patient treated with ifosfamide. Given the efficacy of this anti-neoplastic agent and its increasing use in pediatrics, further investigation is indicated, especially in infants where brain growth is ongoing.