gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of Iron-Control Chemicals for High-Temperature Sour-Gas Wells (2001)

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate iron control chemicals used in acidizing systems in high-temperature sour-gas wells. This work is required because iron compounds that precipitate during acidizing can reduce reservoir permeability in the critical near-wellbore area. Formation damage from fines and precipitated material can be difficult to remove in subsequent remediation treatments. A high temperature see-through cell was used to investigate the behavior of 28 wt% HCl acid formulae provided by three different service companies. Temperatures up to 300 °F and pressures up to 500 psi were used in this work. This is the first time in the literature that these high acid concentrations have been studied at 300 °F. Previous studies in the industry are available for acid concentrations of up to 15 wt% HCl, temperatures of up to 250 °F, and pressures of 500 psi. The following conclusions are made: Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in 28 wt% HCl at 300 °F degrades completely after 5 hours. Therefore, NTA is not effective as an iron control chemical under these conditions. At 250 °F, 77% of the initial NTA remains after 24 hours. It was estimated that the degradation rate of NTA doubles for each 14 °F increase in temperature in the range 250 to 300 °F. Service company acid formulae degrade to produce black precipitates in 28 wt% HCl at 300 °F. These materials contain significant amounts of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aromatics. The acid formulae of two companies oxidize iron (II) to iron (III) at 300 °F in live acids. In spent acid at 300 °F, iron (III) is reduced to iron (II) by all three acid formulae. Both reactions may lead to degradation of acid additives. The acid formula from Company C shows an increase in iron sulfide precipitation in spent acid compared to a control. The acid formulae from Companies A and B show no significant effect on iron sulfide precipitation, when compared to a control. In coreflood tests, iron sulfide precipitates immediately when acid containing dissolved iron (II) and hydrogen sulfide spends on a carbonate rock at high temperature. Iron sulfide accumulates on the injection face, not within the rock itself. The following recommendations are made: Reduce total iron concentration in the injected acid to the lowest practical level. Pickle tubing, mixing tanks and lines before the acid treatment. Eliminate the use of NTA at temperatures above 250 °F. Investigate other chelating chemicals and hydrogen sulfide scavengers for control of iron sulfide precipitation at temperatures above 250 °F.
Water Uptake by and Transport Through Nafion® 117 Membranes (1993)

Water uptake and transport properties of Nafion® a 117 membranes at 30°C are reported here. Specifically, we have determined the amount of water taken up by membranes immersed in liquid water and by membranes exposed to water vapor of variable water activity. Transport parameters measured are the diffusion coefficient and relaxation time of water in the membrane and the protonic conductivity of the membrane as functions of membrane water content. The ratio of water molecules carried across the membrane per proton transported, the electro‐osmotic drag coefficient, also was determined for a limited number of membrane water contents. The drag coefficient is contrasted with the experimentally determined net water transport across an operating PEM fuel cell.
OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF A RAMAN GENERATOR BASED ON A HOLLOW CORE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER FILLED WITH A LIQUID (2010)

We present a Raman generator based on a 35 cm long hollow core photonic crystal fiber entirely filled with ethanol emitting on a nearly-Gaussian beam. The power conversion efficiency from the pump at 532 nm to the first Stokes order of ethanol at 630 nm is 67%. Temporal profiles, mode patterns and power stability are also analyzed.
KRB01 Method for Securing the Data (2021)

Data is more readily available through social media, hospitals, populations, and other places. The importance of digital data in current and future world cannot be overstated, because data is the only factor that determines the survival of human lives in the world. Despite the hype, digital data is growing more vulnerable to hackers due to a lack of effective security. This research work implements KRB01, a new approach to solve this problem. There are four steps to implement the proposed procedure. The first step applies the T-test technique; The second step applies the odd operations; The third step represents even operations; and the final fourth step applies the equations. The KRB01 method gives high security when compared to ChaCha method.
Observation Subset Selection as Local Compilation of Performance Profiles (2012)

Deciding what to sense is a crucial task, made harder by dependencies and by a nonadditive utility function. We develop approximation algorithms for selecting an optimal set of measurements, under a dependency structure modeled by a tree-shaped Bayesian network (BN). Our approach is a generalization of composing anytime algorithm represented by conditional performance profiles. This is done by relaxing the input monotonicity assumption, and extending the local compilation technique to more general classes of performance profiles (PPs). We apply the extended scheme to selecting a subset of measurements for choosing a maximum expectation variable in a binary valued BN, and for minimizing the worst variance in a Gaussian BN.
COVID-HEART: Development and Validation of a Multi-Variable Model for Real-Time Prediction of Cardiovascular Complications in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Abstract Cardiovascular (CV) manifestations of COVID-19 infection carry significant morbidity and mortality. Current risk prediction for CV complications in COVID-19 is limited and existing approaches fail to account for the dynamic course of the disease. Here, we develop and validate the COVID-HEART predictor, a novel continuously-updating risk prediction technology to forecast CV complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk predictor is trained and tested with retrospective registry data from 2178 patients to predict two outcomes: cardiac arrest and imaging-confirmed thromboembolic events. In repeating model validation many times, we show that it predicts cardiac arrest with an average median early warning time of 18 hours (IQR: 13-20 hours) and an AUROC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.91-0.92), and thromboembolic events with a median early warning time of 72 hours (IQR: 12-204 hours) and an AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67-0.73). The COVID-HEART predictor is anticipated to provide tangible clinical decision support in triaging patients and optimizing resource utilization, with its clinical utility potentially extending well beyond COVID-19.
Atom-transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers mediated by stable ruthenium-carbene complexes. (1999)

We reported on the exceptional efficacy of new catalytic systems based on well-defined and fully characterized [RuCl2(p-cymene)(PR3)] complexes (p-cymene = 4-isopropyltoluene) to promote the controlled free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers without cocatalyst activation. It appeared that only phosphines which are both strongly basic and which possess a well-defined steric bulk presented both high catalytic activity and high control of the polymerization process. The most suitable phosphines were triisopropylphosphine and tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3, Cy = cyclohexyl). Surprisingly, the best catalyst systems for ATRP were also the most active ones for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cycloolefins. With this in mind, [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PCy3)2], the Grubbs' ruthenium-carbene complex commonly used for olefin metathesis, was tested and found to be also highly efficient for ATRP. In this paper, we present some studies on the scope and limitations of stable ruthenium-carbene complexes as potential catalysts for the ATRP of vinyl monomers.
Synaptonemal complexes in Gerbillidae: probable role of intercalated heterochromatin in gonosome-autosome translocations (1986)

A study of sex chromosomes and synaptonemal complexes in male specimens of Gerbillus chiesmani, G. nigeriae, G. hoogstrali, and Taterillus pygargus is reported. In each of these Gerbillidae species there are two or three translocations of autosomes with X and Y chromosomes. Analysis of mitotic chromosomes consistently shows the presence of constitutive heterochromatin on the der t(X;autosome) at the X-autosome junction and on the der t(Y;autosome). Analysis of the synaptonemal complexes shows the existence of an unusual structure, lightly stained, at the X-autosome junction and at the Y-autosome junction, which is probably heterochromatic in nature, thus corresponding to the mitotic patterns. This heterochromatin separates the autosomal and gonosomal segments, which behave independently and normally. By analogy with findings from humans and other mammals, a general hypothesis is proposed on the role of intercalated heterochromatin between translocated gonosomes and autosomes. This hypothesis explains why the pathological consequences of these translocations may be very different in males and females. The role of intercalated heterochromatin would be to avoid the pathological consequences of gonosome-autosome translocations resulting from inactivation of the sex chromosomes in female somatic cells and male germinal cells.
Co‐Infection of Human Metapneumovirus with Adenovirus or Respiratory Syncytial Virus among Children in Japan (2007)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the etiological agents of acute respiratory tract infections. From June 2005 to May 2006, we collected 185 clinical specimens from children in Osaka City, Japan, and detected 41 hMPV RNA. Of the 41 specimens, four (9.8%) also contained other viruses (3 with adenovirus [AdV] and 1 with respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]). The clinical symptoms of patients coinfected with AdV were indistinct from those of patients mono-infected with hMPV. The symptoms of the one patient co-infected with RSV were clinically severe. Further research is needed to clarify the effect of hMPV on other respiratory viruses or vice versa.
Fibroblasts from different sites may promote or inhibit recruitment of flowing lymphocytes by endothelial cells (2009)

We examined the hypothesis that stromal fibroblasts modulate the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to recruit lymphocytes in a site-specific manner. PBL were perfused over HUVEC that had been cultured with fibroblasts isolated from the inflamed synovium or the skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, or from normal synovium, with or without exposure to the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha+IFN-gamma. Fibroblasts from inflamed synovium, but no others, caused unstimulated HUVEC to bind flowing lymphocytes. This adhesion was supported by alpha(4)beta(1)-VCAM-1 interaction and stabilised by activation of PBL through CXCR4-CXCL12. Antibody neutralisation of IL-6 during co-culture effectively abolished the ability of EC to bind lymphocytes. Cytokine-stimulated EC supported high levels of lymphocyte adhesion, through the presentation of VCAM-1, E-selectin and chemokine(s) acting through CXCR3. Interestingly, co-culture with dermal fibroblasts caused a marked reduction in cytokine-induced adhesion, while synovial fibroblasts had variable effects depending on their source. In the dermal co-cultures, neutralisation of IL-6 or TGF-beta caused partial recovery of cytokine-induced lymphocyte adhesion; this was complete when both were neutralised. Exogenous IL-6 was also found to inhibit response to TNF-alpha+IFN-gamma. Normal stromal fibroblasts appear to regulate the cytokine-sensitivity of vascular endothelium, while fibroblasts associated with chronic inflammation bypass this and develop a directly inflammatory phenotype. Actions of IL-6 might be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, depending on the local milieu.
The Human Poliovirus Receptor Related 2 Protein Is a New Hematopoietic/Endothelial Homophilic Adhesion Molecule (1998)

We have recently described Poliovirus Receptor Related 2 (PRR2), a new cell surface molecule homologous to the poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155). Both molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (IgSF). They contain 3 Ig domains of V, C2, and C2 types in their extracellular regions that share 51% aa identity. The PRR2 gene encodes two mRNA isoforms of 3.0 kb (hPRR2 [short form]) and 4.4 kb (hPRR2delta [long form]), both widely expressed in human tissues, including hematopoietic cells. To further characterize PRR2 expression during hematopoiesis and to analyze its function, we have developed a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against its extracellular region (R2.477). PRR2 was expressed in 96% of the CD34(+), 88% of the CD33(+), and 95% of the CD14(+) hematopoietic lineages and faintly in the CD41 compartment. Ectopic expression of both PRR2 cDNAs induced marked cell aggregation. A soluble chimeric receptor construct with the Fc fragment of human IgG1 (PRR2-Fc) as well as a fab fragment of the anti-PRR2 MoAb (R2.477) inhibit aggregation. PRR2-Fc binds specifically to PRR2-expressing cells. These results suggest that PRR2 is a homophilic adhesion receptor. PRR2 was also expressed at the surface of endothelial cells at the intercellular junctions of adjacent cells but not at the free cellular edges. Homophilic interactions are associated with dimerization of isoforms of PRR2 and lead to the tyrosine phosphorylation of PRR2delta. Altogether, these results suggest that homophilic properties of PRR2 could participate to the regulation of hematopoietic/endothelial cell functions.
Complete band gap in a pillar-based piezoelectric phononic crystal slab (2016)

In this paper we have shown that it is possible to obtain the complete phononic band gaps in a square lattice of pillar-based phononic crystal. Bigger phononic band gap width can be obtained by increasing the height of pillar and it filling fraction, f. It is shown that the gap-to-mid-gap ratio of pillar at h/a = 0.5 has increased by 21.2% when it height increased to 1.25 and the gap-to-mid-gap ratio has increased by 12% when the filling fraction is increased from r/a = 0.3 to 0.45. The study also shows bigger band gap width and higher central frequency can be obtained by increasing the filling fraction of pillar.
pH and Amphiphilic Structure Direct Supramolecular Behavior in Biofunctional Assemblies (2014)

Supramolecular self-assembly offers promising new ways to control nanostructure morphology and respond to external stimuli. A pH-sensitive self-assembled system was developed to both control nanostructure shape and respond to the acidic microenvironment of tumors using self-assembling peptide amphiphiles (PAs). By incorporating an oligo-histidine H6 sequence, we developed two PAs that self-assembled into distinct morphologies on the nanoscale, either as nanofibers or spherical micelles, based on the incorporation of the aliphatic tail on the N-terminus or near the C-terminus, respectively. Both cylinder and sphere-forming PAs demonstrated reversible disassembly between pH 6.0 and 6.5 upon protonation of the histidine residues in acidic solutions. These PAs were then characterized and assessed for their potential to encapsulate hydrophobic chemotherapies. The H6-based nanofiber assemblies encapsulated camptothecin (CPT) with up to 60% efficiency, a 7-fold increase in CPT encapsulation relative to spherical micelles. Additionally, pH-sensitive nanofibers showed improved tumor accumulation over both spherical micelles and nanofibers that did not change morphologies in acidic environments. We have demonstrated that the morphological transitions upon changes in pH of supramolecular nanostructures affect drug encapsulation and tumor accumulation. Our findings also suggest that these supramolecular events can be tuned by molecular design to improve the pharmacologic properties of nanomedicines.
Ontology, lexicon, and fact repository as leveraged to interpret events of change (2010)

A semantically insightful way to describe events of change is in terms of their preconditions and effects. For example, if a car accelerates, the value of the ‘speed’ attribute as applied to the car's motion is higher in its effect than it had been in the precondition of the acceleration event; and if the importance of a certain political theory increases, the value of the modality ‘saliency’ scoping over that political theory is higher in its effect than it had been in the precondition of the increase event. Consider the following examples of change events drawn from the Wall Street Journal corpus covering 1987, 1988, 1989:
A multi-tone pseudo-cascade filtered-x LMS adaptive notch filter (1991)

Cancellation path delay limits the bandwidth performance of the FXLMS (filtered-x least-mean-square) notch filter. A cascade of FXLMS notch filters using multiple reference tones is examined in order to alleviate this problem. An analysis of a single-stage notch filter characterizes the response by the cancellation bandwidth and out-of-band overshoot, which are analytically expressed in terms of the loop gain and cancellation path delay. These results are then used to synthesize a multistage cascade with offset reference tones. A pseudocascade configuration is also formulated that only requires one entry point to the primary disturbance plant, which is a prerequisite for many applications. A numerical example of a three-stage FXLMS notch filter shows that for a 3 dB overshoot constraint, the 20 dB cancellation bandwidth is increased by a factor of 2.56.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Do Plant Caspases Exist? (2002)

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a functional concept that refers to cell death that is part of the normal life of a multicellular organism; it involves controlled disassembly of the cell. In animal systems PCD is synonymous with apoptosis, a cell death process characterized by a distinct set of
The First Regioselective Metalation and Functionalization of Unprotected 4-Halobenzoic Acids (2005)

[reaction: see text] By treatment with s-BuLi, s-BuLi/TMEDA, or t-BuLi at approximately -78 degrees C, 4-fluoro- and 4-chlorobenzoic acids (1a,b) are metalated preferentially in the position adjacent to the carboxylate. A complete reversal in regioselectivity is observed for 1a when treated with LTMP; a sequential process involving a rapid intraaggregate lithiation through a quasi dianion complex "QUADAC" is postulated to explain the unusual reactivity of Me(2)S(2) and I(2).
Biological and biochemical properties of Nonidet P40-solubilized and partially purified tumor-specific antigens of the transplantation type from plasma membranes of a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. (1977)

Tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) was solubilized from cell membranes of sarcoma Meth-A with non-ionic detergent Nonidet P40. Soluble TSTA was partially characterized by chromatographic separation and electrophoresis. The antigen responsible for tumor rejection activity had a molecular weight of approximately 70,000 daltons in the presence of detergent and an electrophoretic mobility of alpha-globulin. TSTA was well separated from mouse histocompatibility antigen H-2 by a sequence of procedures, including gel filtration, lectin affinity chromatography, column electrophoresis, and rechromatography on agarose, showed only three major bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. TSTA was specific for sarcoma Meth-A.
Radio problem detection assisted rescue handover for LTE (2010)

In this paper we propose a radio problem detection based rescue handover for 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE). The radio problem detection based handover algorithm takes advantage of already existing Radio Link Failure (RLF) detection mechanism specified in 3GPP for LTE. In coverage limited scenarios as well as challenging interference and mobility conditions, the event triggered handover measurement report may not be even sent to Evolved NodeB at the time of RLF. In proposed algorithm UE shall monitor the downlink quality based on the cell-specific reference signal in order to detect the downlink radio link quality of the serving cell. In case of a detected radio link problem handover process is initiated to a better cell. The proposed handover algorithm is compared to the default UE assisted hard handover process by means of fully dynamic system level simulations. Based on the studies it can be concluded that the radio problem detection assisted handover algorithm decreases the amount of RLFs thereby improving the handover and system performance. Especially the RLFs that occur before the handover process is even started are basically non-existent.
철근콘크리트조 골조 실험체의 손상에 따른 동특성 변화 (2015)

본 연구에서는 3층 철근콘크리트 골조 실험구조물을 대상으로 반복 가력 실험과 가진 실험을 번갈아 수행하면서 손상에 따라 변화하는 동특성을 추출하였다. 또한 이를 해석적으로 모사하기 위해 실험구조물을 Opensees로 모델링한 후 가력하중에 대해 비선형 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 실제 실험 결과와 유사한 하중-변위 곡선, 고유진동수, 모드 형상 등을 얻을 수 있었다. 육안관찰을 통한 구조물의 손상정도의 정량화는 힘들기 때문에 이와 같은 구조물 손상의 해석적 모사는 계측을 통한 손상탐지기법의 정확도를 확인할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있다.
Gene expression study in monocytes: evidence of inflammatory dysregulation in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (2022)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology that seems to include immune dysfunction and alterations in circulating monocytes. To investigate the immune basis and the functional dysregulation of monocytes in this disease, we analyzed gene expression in the peripheral monocytes of pediatric patients with OCD (N = 102) compared to controls (N = 47). We examined gene expression in primary cultures of peripheral monocytes from participants, under basal conditions and under exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate immune response. Whole-genome expression was assessed in 8 patients and 8 controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified followed by protein-protein interaction network construction and functional annotation analysis to identify the genes and biological processes that are altered in the monocytes of OCD patients. We also explored the expression levels of selected genes in monocytes from the other participants using qPCR. Several changes in gene expression were observed in the monocytes of OCD patients, with several immune processes involved under basal conditions (antigen processing and presentation, regulation of immune system and leukocyte cell adhesion) and after LPS stimulation (immune and inflammatory response, cytokine production and leukocyte activation). Despite the qPCR analysis provided no significant differences between patients and controls, high correlations were observed between the expression levels of some of the genes and inflammatory markers (i.e., T helper 17 and regulatory T cell levels, total monocyte and proinflammatory monocyte subset levels, and the cytokine production by resting and stimulated monocytes) of the study participants. Our findings provide more evidence of the involvement of monocyte dysregulation in early-onset OCD, indicating a proinflammatory predisposition and an enhanced immune response to environmental triggers.