gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating randomness from chaos and constructing chaos with desired randomness (1990)

Abstract We have designed, built and tested a switched‐capacitor circuit for generating pseudo‐random signals. the circuit is an electronic implementation of a one‐dimensional discrete map, which has been fully understood mathematically. the time series of the circuit has extremely rich dynamics, e.g. aperiodicity, non‐asymptoticity, ergodicity and fractal dimension. That is, the circuit is indeed chaotic. Furthermore, a general method for designing chaotic circuits with prescribed random properties is proposed. Numerous examples are given to illustrate the theory and methods developed in this paper.
Transonic Passage Turbine Blade Tip Clearance With Scalloped Shroud: Part II — Losses With and Without Scrubbing Effects in Engine Configuration (2004)

Loss mechanisms in a scallop shrouded transonic power generation turbine blade passage at realistic engine conditions have been identified through a series of large-scale (typically 12 million finite volumes) simulations. All simulations are run with second-order discretization and viscous sublayer resolution, and they include the effects of viscous dissipation. The mesh (y+ near unity on all surfaces) is highly refined in the tip clearance region, casing recesses, and shroud region in order to fully capture complex interdependent flow physics and the associated losses. Aerodynamic losses, in order of their relative importance, are a result of the following: separation around the tip, recesses, and shroud; tip vortex creation; downstream mixing losses, localized shocks on the airfoil; and the passage vortex emanating from under the shroud. A number of helical lateral flows were established near the upper shroud surfaces as a result of lateral pressure gradients on the scalloped shroud. It was found that the tip leakage and passage losses increased approximately linearly with increasing tip clearance, both with and without the effect of the relative casing motion. For each tip clearance studied, scrubbing slightly reduced the tip leakage, but the overall production of entropy was increased by more than 50%. Also the overall passage mass flow rate, for a given inlet total pressure to exit static pressure ratio, increased almost linearly with increasing tip clearance. In addition, it was also found that there was slight positive and negative lift on the shroud, depending on the tip clearance. At the lowest tip clearance of 20 mils there was a negative lift on the shroud. In the 200-mil tip clearance case there was a positive lift on the shroud. The relative motion of the casing contributed positively to the lift at every tip clearance, affecting more at the lowest tip clearance where the casing is closest to the blade tip. Lastly, it was found that the computed entropy generation for the stationary 80-mils case using the SKE turbulence model was close to that of the 80-mils scrubbing case using the RKE turbulence model. In light of the proposed mechanisms and their relative contributions, suggested design considerations are posed.
Solubility Measurements of Blowing Agents in Polyethylene Terephthalate (2007)

The solubility of various blowing agents (BAs) such as CO2, N2, Ar, pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, butane, hexane, heptane, 1,1-difluoroethane, CO2/N2, and CO2/pentane in polyethylene terephthalate was studied using closed pressure vessels. The experiments were performed at 50—200°C and pressures up to 14 MPa. The solubilities were correlated using the Flory—Huggins equation for HFC and hydrocarbons, and via Henry's law for supercritical gases. In order of decreasing solubility, the BAs rank 1,1-difluoroethane &gt; hydrocarbons &gt; inert gases. Since the Arrhenius type behavior seemed to be able to describe the temperature dependency of the H-values, the solubilities at foaming temperatures can be predicted.
Hemophilus influenzae Protocols (2002)

As the second leading bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia, H. influenzae accounts for many thousands of deaths per year worldwide, and is a prime candidate for the identification of targets that can lead to the development of novel vaccines and antibiotics. In Haemophilus influenzae Protocols, leading research scientists and infectious disease specialists detail in a readily reproducible format the major molecular and immunological techniques for exploring the pathogenicity of this significant bacterium. Described with step-by-step instructions to ensure robust and successful experimental results, the techniques cover plasmid analysis, proteomics, genomics, DNA array technology, gene expression, mutagenesis (transposon and nontransposon), and structural analysis. The antibody techniques presented include IVIAT, ELISA, and opsonophagocytosis assays. Also included are reviews of the pathogenesis of NTHi and Hib, methods for working with the organism, culture and storage conditions, molecular diagnosis, and systems for exploring pathogenesis in both in vitro and animal models. Comprehensive and highly practical, Haemophilus influenzae Protocols offers a unique collection of powerful molecular methods that illuminate not only how the bacterium causes disease, but also how best to develop much-needed new vaccines and antibiotics against it
Correction to “Whole-Cell Bioconversion of Renewable Biomasses-Related Aromatics to cis,cis-Muconic Acid” (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06534.].
Soft parametric curve matching in scale-space (2002)

We develop a softassign method for application to curve matching. Softassign uses deterministic annealing to iteratively optimize the parameters of an energy function. It also incorporates outlier rejection by converting the energy into a stochastic matrix with entries for rejection probability. Previous applications of the method focused on finding transformations between unordered point sets. Thus, no topological constraints were required. In our application, we must consider the topology of the matching between the reference and the target curve. Our energy function also depends upon the rotation and scaling between the curves. Thus, we develop a topologically correct algorithm to update the arc length correspondence, which is then used to update the similarity transformation. We further enhance robustness by using a scale-space description of the curves. This results in a curve-matching tool that, given an approximate initialization, is invariant to similarity transformations. We demonstrate the reliability of the technique by applying it to open and closed curves extracted from real patient images (cortical sulci in three dimensions and corpora callosa in two dimensions). The set of transformations is then used to compute anatomical atlases.
Transient time of an Ising machine based on injection-locked laser network (2012)

We numerically study the dynamics and frequency response of the recently proposed Ising machine based on the polarization degrees of freedom of an injection-locked laser network (Utsunomiya et al 2011 Opt. Express 19 18091). We simulate various anti-ferromagnetic Ising problems, including the ones with symmetric Ising and Zeeman coefficients, which enable us to study the problem size up to M = 1000. Transient time, to reach a steady-state polarization configuration after a given Ising problem is mapped onto the system, is inversely proportional to the locking bandwidth and does not scale exponentially with the problem size. In the Fourier analysis with first-order linearization approximation, we find that the cut-off frequency of a system's response is almost identical to the locking bandwidth, which supports the time-domain analysis. It is also shown that the Zeeman term, which is created by the horizontally polarized injection signal from the master laser, serves as an initial driving force on the system and contributes to the transient time in addition to the inverse locking bandwidth.
The origin, global distribution, and functional impact of the human 8p23 inversion polymorphism (2012)

Genomic inversions are an increasingly recognized source of genetic variation. However, a lack of reliable high-throughput genotyping assays for these structures has precluded a full understanding of an inversion's phylogenetic, phenotypic, and population genetic properties. We characterize these properties for one of the largest polymorphic inversions in man (the ∼4.5-Mb 8p23.1 inversion), a structure that encompasses numerous signals of natural selection and disease association. We developed and validated a flexible bioinformatics tool that utilizes SNP data to enable accurate, high-throughput genotyping of the 8p23.1 inversion. This tool was applied retrospectively to diverse genome-wide data sets, revealing significant population stratification that largely follows a clinal "serial founder effect" distribution model. Phylogenetic analyses establish the inversion's ancestral origin within the Homo lineage, indicating that 8p23.1 inversion has occurred independently in the Pan lineage. The human inversion breakpoint was localized to an inverted pair of human endogenous retrovirus elements within the large, flanking low-copy repeats; experimental validation of this breakpoint confirmed these elements as the likely intermediary substrates that sponsored inversion formation. In five data sets, mRNA levels of disease-associated genes were robustly associated with inversion genotype. Moreover, a haplotype associated with systemic lupus erythematosus was restricted to the derived inversion state. We conclude that the 8p23.1 inversion is an evolutionarily dynamic structure that can now be accommodated into the understanding of human genetic and phenotypic diversity.
Functionalization of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with graphene oxide for potential dye removal (2013)

ABSTRACT Because of highly frozen macromolecule chains, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have never been used for dye removal. This work focuses on improving the adsorption capacity of the PVA hydrogel by using amphiphilic graphene oxide to improve its macromolecular chain mobility in crystal domain and introduce new functional groups. To evaluate its effectiveness, crystal structure, swelling kinetics, and model dye methylene blue (MB) adsorption of the as‐prepared PVA hybrid hydrogels were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the hybrid PVA hydrogels have lower crystallinity and less crystal stability, demonstrating the improved macromolecular chain mobility. Moreover, improved swelling ratios of PVA/GO hydrogels also illustrate the enhanced macromolecular chain mobility. MB adsorption experiment indicates that GO introduced can result in great improvement in MB adsorption. And the adsorption process follows the second‐order kinetic model and Morris–Weber model, which is determined by the intraparticle diffusion. Furthermore, MB adsorption isotherm follows Freundlich model and the adsorption is heterogeneous. Desorption studies indicate that the interaction between PVA hydrogels and MB consists of both physisorption and chemisorption. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39872.
Balloon model of biological cell electropermeabilisation in relation to the radius dependence of membrane dielectric breakdown (1995)

A previously developed biological cell model, based on liquid-filled dielectric spheroid membranes, is used to investigate characteristics of electrofusion and electroporation. In particular, the radius dependence of dielectric breakdown is manipulated so as to reduce that dependence. This is accomplished by varying the decay time of a DC capacitive discharge impulse and by varying the resistivity of the model suspension medium. A slight adaption to the model shows that it is possible to cause dielectric breakdown of a balloon within a balloon at the same threshold levels. This is indicative of an organelle such as a nucleus inside a cell.
Association of Epilepsy and Comorbid Conditions (2009)

Comorbid health conditions are common among people with epilepsy. Proposed explanations for this association include the possibility that first, epilepsy (including its treatment) causes the comorbid condition; second, the comorbid condition (including its treatment) causes epilepsy; or third, a common pathogenic mechanism mediates the co-occurrence of epilepsy and the comorbid condition. It is unlikely that a single explanation will suffice for all of the epilepsy comorbid conditions. Determining the basis of the association between epilepsy and its comorbid conditions has important implications for diagnosis and management. In this paper, we discuss this issue in the context of five common epilepsy comorbid conditions: bone health and fractures, stroke, depression, migraine and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Current findings, research limitations and future directions of research efforts are discussed.
Implantation and Follow‐Up of ICD Leads Implanted in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (2000)

Unipolar ICD electrodes are routinely implanted at the right ventricular apex (RVA). However, inappropriate pacing/sensing parameters and/or high DFT may limit the appropriateness of the lead's implantation at the RVA. This study examined the effects on DFT of ICD leads implanted in the RVOT, attached to the high interventricular septum as an alternate location. DFT, defibrillation impedance, and sensing and pacing characteristics were measured at the time of implantation in 28 consecutive patients. Group A consisted of 12 patients in whom the ICD implantation criteria in the RVA were not satisfied, and whose lead was placed in the RVOT. Group B consisted of 16 patients with ICD electrodes implanted at the RVA. Mean DFT in group A was 11 +/- 4 J (4.5-20 J) versus 12 +/- 6 J (4-20 J) in the group B (P = 0.58). Defibrillation impedance was 81 +/- 9 omega (69-92 omega) in group A versus 77 +/- 15 omega) (46-93 omega) in group B (P = 0.43). R wave amplitude, slew rate, pacing threshold, and pacing impedance were comparable in both groups. In the perioperative period, the electrode needed to be repositioned in two patients from group A. There was no further dislodgment of RVOT defibrillation leads or other lead related complications during a follow-up of 23 +/- 9 months. The placement of ICD leads in the RVOT is an alternative to the RVA position. However, active-fixation ICD leads should be considered to limit the risk of electrode dislodgment.
The Convex algebraic geometry of linear inverse problems (2010)

We study a class of ill-posed linear inverse problems in which the underlying model of interest has simple algebraic structure. We consider the setting in which we have access to a limited number of linear measurements of the underlying model, and we propose a general framework based on convex optimization in order to recover this model. This formulation generalizes previous methods based on ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm minimization and nuclear norm minimization for recovering sparse vectors and low-rank matrices from a small number of linear measurements. For example some problems to which our framework is applicable include (1) recovering an orthogonal matrix from limited linear measurements, (2) recovering a measure given random linear combinations of its moments, and (3) recovering a low-rank tensor from limited linear observations.
Kinetics of isothermal decomposition of unirradiated and γ-irradiated zirconium acetylacetonate (2012)

In this study, isothermal decomposition of unirradiated and γ-irradiated zirconium acetylacetonate Zr(acac)4 using 103 kGy absorbed γ-ray dose was carried out in static air. The isothermal operating temperatures were selected to be 150, 170, 190 and 210°C. The kinetics of the decomposition were followed using both model-fitting and model-free approaches. The results of the model-fitting approach with regard to the investigated data showed that the decomposition behaviour was best described by a first-order (F1) reaction model. The analysis of the data using the model-free approach signified the dependency of activation energy E a on the extent of conversion (α). Pre-γ-irradiation of zirconium acetylacetonate Zr(acac)4 with 103 kGy absorbed γ-ray dose had no significant effect on the thermal decomposition behaviour of Zr(acac)4. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the decomposition process were calculated and evaluated.
Application of high-resolution airborne EM and magnetic data in a mining environment for geotechnical information, examples from the Quadrilatero Ferrifero area (2021)

We present an overview of an ambitious geophysical program undertaken by Vale to characterize both tailings storage facilities (TSF) properties around existing mine sites as well as an exploration program for iron ore. Historic magnetics data, geological surveying, borehole information and newly-collected RESOLVE helicopter frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) and magnetic gradient data is being modelled with 3D joint inversion. We outline the survey goals, data collected, and inversion modeling methodology and show some of the emerging results.
Metamaterial-Based Electronically Controlled Transmission-Line Structure as a Novel Leaky-Wave Antenna With Tunable Radiation Angle and Beamwidth (2004)

A metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure is presented and demonstrated as a novel leaky-wave (LW) antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth functionalities. This structure is in essence a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) microstrip structure incorporating varactor diodes for fixed-frequency voltage-controlled operation. Angle scanning at a fixed frequency is achieved by modulating the capacitances of the structure by adjusting the (uniform) bias voltage applied to the varactors. Beamwidth tuning is obtained by making the structure nonuniform by application of a nonuniform bias voltage distribution of the varactors. A rigorous analysis based on an extension of the CRLH concept is proposed and the corresponding dispersion curves, obtained by equivalent-circuit formulas with LC parameters extracted from full-wave simulation, are shown. A 30-cell LW antenna structure, incorporating both series and shunt varactors for optimal impedance matching and maximal tuning range, is designed. This prototype exhibits continuous scanning capability from 50/spl deg/ to -49/spl deg/ by tuning the bias voltages from 0 to 21 V at 3.33 GHz. A maximum gain of 18 dBi at broadside is also achieved. In addition, it provides half-power beamwidth variation of up to 200% with comparison to the case of uniform biasing. The effect of intermodulation due to the nonlinearity of the varactors is shown to be negligible for antenna applications. The antenna is tested in a 10-Mb/s binary phase-shift key transmission link and successful recovery of the baseband data is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Organic Compounds in the Presence of Metal Complexes. Part 6. Reactions of Cyclic Acetals with Alcohols in the Presence of RuCl2(PPh3)2. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunodetection and Comparison of Melaleuca, Bottlebrush, and Bahia Pollens (1994)

Pollen extracts of two trees, Callistemon citrinis (bottlebrush) and Melaleuca leucadendron (melaleuca), as well as the grass Paspalum notatum (bahia) were analyzed for antigenic and allergenic cross-reactivity using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. SDS-PAGE analysis of all three pollen extracts revealed multiple antigenic components which were reactive with rabbit antisera made to each pollen extract. Comparison of reduced and nonreduced mobility patterns suggested the possible presence of multichain proteins linked by disulfide bonds. Clinical studies demonstrated that 81% of the patients skin test positive to at least one of the pollens were also positive to the other two. Sixty-three percent of allergic individuals studied showed a high correlation between skin test results and the number of IgE-binding components analyzed by immunoblotting. These IgE-reactive components were detected in the molecular weight range of 29-66 kD. Western blot analysis detected more IgE-binding components in bahia pollen extracts as compared with the tree pollens, consistent with other reports of grass pollens being more allergenic than those from trees and weeds. Each patient's serum had a unique IgE-binding pattern, indicating heterogeneity of immune response; however, common major determinants were detected by a large percentage of the allergic patient's sera.
tPA‐mediated generation of plasmin is catalyzed by the proteoglycan NG2 (2007)

Paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury is devastating and persistent. One major reason for the inability of the body to heal this type of injury ensues from the local increase of glial cells leading to the formation of a glial scar, and the upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the site of injury through which axons are unable to regenerate. Experimental approaches to overcome this problem have accordingly focused on reducing the inhibitory properties of CSPGs, for example by using chondroitinase to remove the sugar chains and reduce the CSPGs to their core protein constituents, although this step alone does not provide dramatic benefits as a monotherapy. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we describe here a potentially synergistic therapeutic opportunity based on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an extracellular protease that converts plasminogen (plg) into the active protease plasmin. We show that tPA and plg both bind to the CSPG protein NG2, which functions as a scaffold to accelerate the tPA-driven conversion of plg to plasmin. The binding occurs via the tPA and plg kringle domains to domain 2 of the NG2 CSPG core protein, and is enhanced in some settings after chondroitinase-mediated removal of the NG2 proteoglycan side chains. Once generated, plasmin then degrades NG2, both in an in vitro setting using recombinant protein, and in vivo models of spinal cord injury. Our finding that the tPA and plg binding is in some instances more efficient after exposure of the NG2 proteoglycan to chondroitinase treatment suggests that a combined therapeutic approach employing both chondroitinase and the tPA/plasmin proteolytic system could be of significant benefit in promoting axonal regeneration through glial scars after spinal cord injury.
Late Failure of Arterialized in Situ Saphenous Vein (1969)

Occlusive disease of the femoropopliteal artery is now commonly treated with an autogenous, saphenous vein bypass graft. Excision and reversal of the vein has been the most frequently employed technique. An alternative method first described by Rob, 1 utilizing the situ, nonreversed saphenous vein, has yielded satisfactory results. To evaluate possible advantages, 2 we used the situ saphenous vein for femoropopliteal arterial reconstruction 25 instances. This is a report of the results of these 25 arterial reconstructions which are compared with 25 similar reconstructions using reversed saphenous vein. Methods Fifty consecutive femoropopliteal arterial reconstructions were performed from August 1965 to January 1968. In situ grafts were used from November 1965 to May 1967. There was patient selection that initially there was higher enthusiasm for use of the situ saphenous vein. Average age the in situ group was 67 (range of 51 to 81 years)