gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of αRh2As on GaAs (001) in a molecular-beam epitaxy system (1988)

Thin films of αRh2As were grown on top of GaAs (001) in a molecular-beam epitaxy system by codeposition of rhodium and arsenic from separate sources. αRh2As is a good metal with a resistivity equal to 20 μΩ cm, suitable for electronic applications. The holes, the only type of carriers, have a concentration equal to 2.5×1022 cm−3, i.e., a value of the same order of magnitude as that of the best silicides. However, in spite of several features common to αRh2As and GaAs (symmetry, almost equivalent unit-cell constant, and fcc As sublattices), the epitaxial arrangement [100](011)αRh2As//[110](001)GaAs mainly prevails instead of the expected simple unrotated relationship [100](001)αRh2As//[100](001)GaAs. This points out that the achievement of the minimum lattice mismatch is not always the driving force for the epitaxy. In agreement with the ternary phase diagram Rh-Ga-As, the (polycrystalline αRh2As)/GaAs system interacts above 400 °C and leads to the formation of the binary compounds RhGa and RhAs2.
100Gb/s PolMux-NRZ Transmission at 1550nm over 30km Single Mode Fiber Enabled by a Silicon Photonics Optical Dispersion Compensator (2018)

We demonstrate 100Gb/s PolMux-NRZ transmission at 1550nm over 30km SM-fiber with a power penalty of 2.5dB by means of a silicon photonics integrated circuit including optical dispersion compensators and an integrated polarization active controller.
Laser-assisted SEM for high-spatial resolution material metrology and inspection (2023)

As semiconductor devices continue to introduce new materials and structures, not only the dimensions but the material properties are becoming important in determining the device properties. Properties of insulator films used in transistors and memory devices, such as breakdown voltage and damage, are of particular interest as they determine the characteristics as well as the reliability of the devices. To ensure efficient production of these devices, an inline tool for metrology and inspection of material properties is desirable. One way to evaluate the material properties is to measure the material’s response to application of voltage. For this purpose, we have developed laser-assisted SEM; an SEM with laser irradiation capability to control the electrical state of the material under SEM observation. The laser can be used to inject carriers into insulators and neutralize insulator charging caused by the electron beam. By evaluating the energy of secondary electrons, we measured the charging voltage of insulators, defined as the difference in the surface potential between when the laser is irradiated and not irradiated. Similarly to breakdown voltage, we verified that the charging voltage increases with the insulator thickness. Furthermore, charging voltage was shown to be dependent on damage due to plasma in an etcher. Therefore, charging voltage measurements assisted by a laser is a unique way to evaluate the material property of insulators. We believe our laser assisted SEM will open the door to new types of electrical and material characterizations and go beyond the traditional role of SEMs in metrology and inspection.
A Computer-aided Multi-scale Modeling and Direct Fabrication of Bone Structure (2005)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Rese arch Highlights from the Novosibirsk 400 W average power THz FEL (2008)

The first stage of the Novosibirsk high power free electron laser (NovoFEL) was commissioned in 2003. It is a CW FEL based on non-superconducting, low-frequency (180 MHz) single-pass accelerator-recuperator with the following parameters: the electron energy is 12 MeV; charge per bunch is 1,5 nC; the bunch repetition rate is 5.6 to 22.5 MHz; the maximum average current is 30 mA; the bunch duration is 40 to 100 ps. The radiation spectral range is 110 - 240 μm at the first harmonics, 60 - 117 μm and 40 - 80 μm at the second and third harmonics correspondingly. The maximum average power is up to 0.4 kW for the first harmonics. The maximum average power of the second and third harmonics is 2% and 0.6% with respect to the first harmonics. The maximum peak power is 1 MW, and the repetition frequency is 5.6 and 11.2 MHz. The relative spectral width is 0.25 - 1%. The radiation is completely spatial coherent, and the degree of linear polarization of radiation is better than 99.6 %.Laser radiation is transmitted through nitrogen-filled optical beamline to the experimental hall. To provide ultrahigh vacuum in the FEL and accelerator-recuperator, their vacuum volume is separated from the beamline by a diamond window. Four user stations (the diagnostic station, the photochemistry station, the station, and the THz imaging station) are in operation now. Two other stations are under construction: the station for introscopy and spectroscopy, and the aerodynamics station. The high average power of the FEL enables development of imaging techniques. Several methods for two-dimensional visualization of THz radiation, including an uncooled microbolometer camera for THz high-speed imaging with a time resolution of 1 to10-2 s, have been developed. Instrumentation for the experimental station is developed and tested (windows, beam splitters, pyroelectric detectors, bolometers, Fresnel zone plates, and kinoform lenses). During the last year the NovoFEL was operating as a user facility. Soft ablation of molecules under terahertz radiation has been studied at the NovoFEL during the last three years. Precisely tuning radiation energy, one can achieve the regime when biological molecules (DNA, proteins, etc) are evaporated without defragmentation. These results can lead to creation of new biotechnologies. Experiments in physics, chemistry, biology, condensed matter and technology at four user stations are surveyed in this paper. Next year we plan to commission the second stage of the NovoFEL, based on the four-track 40 MeV accelerator-recuperator, using the same accelerating RF structure as the first stage. The FELs in the second and fourth tracks are to generate radiation in the spectral ranges of 5-30 μm and 30-100 μm, respectively. The expected power of each FEL is more than 1 kW.
Differential regulation of Shc adaptor proteins in skeletal muscle, spinal cord and forebrain of aged rats with sensorimotor impairment (2003)

The Shc family of proteins participates in mitogenic and survival signalling through binding to receptor tyrosine kinases. We report here on the expression of Shc in forebrain, spinal cord and hind limb muscles from 30-month-old rats with different degrees of sensorimotor impairment. ShcA (mRNA and protein) is up-regulated in skeletal muscles and spinal cord of aged rats, and this change relates to biological age, i.e. degree of behavioural incapacitation, rather than to chronological age. Western blot and RT-PCR revealed that the increase in ShcA selectively affected the p46 isoform in the spinal cord, whereas in muscle tissue a robust increase of p66(ShcA) was also evident. Furthermore, in parallel with the up-regulation of ShcA, an increase of p75(NTR) mRNA in the aged animals was observed. ShcB mRNA showed a tendency for down-regulation in both spinal cord and skeletal muscles, whereas the expression of ShcC was unaltered. Our data show that the regulation of Shc mRNAs in senescence is region as well as isoform specific. The regulatory changes may reflect changes in mitogenic/survival signalling induced by age-related cell and tissue damage. The coup-regulation of p66(ShcA) and p75(NTR) is interesting since both molecules have been associated with apoptosis.
Le maire, le mannequin et la protection de la dignité de la personne humaine (2008)

Apres l’interdiction de defiler opposee, par le gouvernement de Madrid, aux mannequins trop maigres, la question se pose de savoir si en France une autorite administrative et notamment municipale pourrait user de ses pouvoirs de police a cette fin. Si la conception actuelle de la protection de la dignite humaine apparait insuffisante pour justifier une telle mesure, il semble que le recours a la « theorie du modele » puisse le permettre.
Field Demonstration of In-Line All-Optical Wavelength Conversion in a WDM Dispersion Managed 40-Gbit/s Link (2004)

The development of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) all-optical transport networks is an interesting solution to increase the capacity of long-haul transmission systems and to solve the route-exhaust problems of metropolitan networks, driving down the cost of that traffic. Routing can be achieved using a transparent device able to select and interchange wavelengths, such as an all-optical wavelength converter. In this paper, an optical transport network over an embedded link located between Rome and Pomezia in Italy is emulated. The transmission has been realized along a WDM, 5/spl times/100 km long, dispersion managed link at 40 Gb/s. The in-line rerouting process has been controlled by means of an all-optical wavelength converter realized with a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Moreover, a polarization-independent scheme for the converter has been exploited to allow the in-line signal processing. This scheme is based on the counterpropagation of TE and TM signal components along the same guide and results extremely compact. In this paper it is demonstrated that wavelength conversion and rerouting add no penalty with respect to the simple transmission along the embedded cable. This result seems to be another step toward the feasibility of true all-optical networks.
Gate Tunable Josephson Diode in Proximitized InAs Supercurrent Interferometers (2023)

The Josephson diode (JD) is a non-reciprocal circuit element that supports a larger critical current in one direction compared to the other. This effect has gained a growing interest because of promising applications in superconducting electronic circuits with low power consumption. Some implementations of a JD rely on breaking the inversion symmetry in the material used to realize Josephson junctions (JJs), but two recent theoretical proposals have suggested that the effect can also be engineered by combining two JJs hosting highly transmitting Andreev bound states in a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) at a small, but finite flux bias [1, 2]. We have realized a SQUID with two JJs fabricated in a proximitized InAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We demonstrate gate control of the diode efficiency from zero up to around 30% at specific flux bias values which comes close to the maximum of approxiomately 40% predicated in Ref. [1]. The key ingredients to the JD effect in the SQUID arrangement is the presence of highly transmitting channels in the JJs, a flux bias and an asymmetry between the two SQUID arms.
Biocompatibility of Coronary Stents (2014)

Cardiovascular disease is the dominant cause of mortality in developed countries, with coronary artery disease (CAD) a predominant contributor. The development of stents to treat CAD was a significant innovation, facilitating effective percutaneous coronary revascularization. Coronary stents have evolved from bare metal compositions, to incorporate advances in pharmacological therapy in what are now known as drug eluting stents (DES). Deployment of a stent overcomes some limitations of balloon angioplasty alone, but provides an acute stimulus for thrombus formation and promotes neointimal hyperplasia. First generation DES effectively reduced in-stent restenosis, but profoundly delay healing and are susceptible to late stent thrombosis, leading to significant clinical complications in the long term. This review characterizes the development of coronary stents, detailing the incremental improvements, which aim to attenuate the major clinical complications of thrombosis and restenosis. Despite these enhancements, coronary stents remain fundamentally incompatible with the vasculature, an issue which has largely gone unaddressed. We highlight the latest modifications and research directions that promise to more holistically design coronary implants that are truly biocompatible.
Gibbs Characterization of Binary and Ternary Bent Functions (2016)

The paper discusses relationships between bent functions and spectral invariant operations. Considerations are done on examples of binary and ternary bent functions, however, can be generalized to p-ary bent functions for any prime p. We also discuss differences between the binary and ternary cases of a method for characterization of certain classes of bent functions in terms of particular differential operators on finite groups called the Gibbs derivatives.
A randomized trial of safety, acceptability and adherence of three rectal microbicide placebo formulations among young sexual and gender minorities who engage in receptive anal intercourse (MTN-035) (2023)

Efforts to develop a range of HIV prevention products that can serve as behaviorally congruent viable alternatives to consistent condom use and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remain crucial. MTN-035 was a randomized crossover trial seeking to evaluate the safety, acceptability, and adherence to three placebo modalities (insert, suppository, enema) prior to receptive anal intercourse (RAI). If participants had no RAI in a week, they were asked to use their assigned product without sex. We hypothesized that the modalities would be acceptable and safe for use prior to RAI, and that participants would report high adherence given their behavioral congruence with cleansing practices (e.g., douches and/or enemas) and their existing use to deliver medications (e.g., suppositories; fast-dissolving inserts) via the rectum. Participants (N = 217) were sexual and gender minorities enrolled in five different countries (Malawi, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, and the United States of America). Mean age was 24.9 years (range 18-35 years). 204 adverse events were reported by 98 participants (45.2%); 37 (18.1%) were deemed related to the study products. The proportion of participants reporting "high acceptability" was 72% (95%CI: 65% - 78%) for inserts, 66% (95%CI: 59% - 73%) for suppositories, and 73% (95%CI: 66% - 79%) for enemas. The proportion of participants reporting fully adherent per protocol (i.e., at least one use per week) was 75% (95%CI: 69% - 81%) for inserts, 74% (95%CI: 68% - 80%) for suppositories, and 83% (95%CI: 77% - 88%) for enemas. Participants fully adherent per RAI-act was similar among the three products: insert (n = 99; 58.9%), suppository (n = 101; 58.0%) and enema (n = 107; 58.8%). The efficacy and effectiveness of emerging HIV prevention drug depends on safe and acceptable delivery modalities that are easy to use consistently. Our findings demonstrate the safety and acceptability of, and adherence to, enemas, inserts, and suppositories as potential modalities through which to deliver a rectal microbicide.
[Development of a nude mouse model for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of brain]. (2011)

原发中枢神经系统弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)是较为独特的中枢神经系统淋巴瘤类型,临床进展快,常规治疗不理想,预后较差[1-4].深入探讨原发中枢神经系统DLBCL的临床与病理特征,寻找治疗的新切入点和改善预后具有重要的意义.建立稳定的脑肿瘤模型无疑是研究该肿瘤发生、发展、侵袭、转移等各种生物学行为必要和必需的条件.为此,我们参照于宝华等[5]建立DLBCL移植瘤模型的经验,尝试将人DLBCL细胞株Lyl和Ly8接种于裸小鼠(裸鼠)脑实质内,成功建立了DLBCL裸鼠脑内移植瘤模型,为该肿瘤的进一步研究奠定了基础。
<title>Application of avalanche photodiodes to confocal and confocal florescence microscopy</title> (1996)

We describe the use of avalanche photodiodes as solid state photon counters in scanning confocal microscopy. Photon counters have been of limited use for moderate-to-rapid image acquisition speeds due to comparatively low saturation count rates. Several approaches offer the promise of real-time photon-limited image acquisition using off-the-shelf components and dark count rates which are fully adequate for imaging. We characterize in some detail a gated NPN switch/pulse-bias circuit which offers excellent, economical performance over a wide wavelength range, and discuss specific imaging applications.
Tissue Distribution and Cell Type-specific Expression of p120ctn Isoforms (2001)

Cadherin-based molecular complexes play a major role in cell-cell adhesion. At the adherens junctions the intracellular domain of cadherins specifically interacts with beta-catenin and p120ctn, members of the Armadillo repeat protein family. Differential splicing and utilization of the alternative translation initiation codons lead to many p120ctn isoforms. Two major p120ctn isoforms are expressed in mouse tissues. In this study we used indirect immunofluorescence to demonstrate significant tissue specificity in expression of the p120ctn isoforms. The short isoform is abundant at cell-cell adhesion junctions in epidermis, palatal, and tongue epithelia, in the ducts of excretory glands, bronchiolar epithelium, and in mucosal epithelia of esophagus, forestomach, and small intestine. In contrast, the long isoform, containing an amino terminus highly conserved within the p120ctn subfamily, is expressed at vascular-endothelial cell junctions in blood vessels, at cell-cell junctions in the serosal epithelium lining the internal organs, in choroid plexus of brain, in the pigment epithelium of retina, and in structures such as the outer limiting membrane of retina and intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes. The tissue- and cell type-specific expression of p120ctn isoforms suggests a role for the long p120ctn isoform in cell structures responsible for stable tissue integrity, compared to the role of the short isoform in cell-cell adhesion in the external epithelia with rapid turnover.
Parathyroid hormone modulates protein kinase in giant cell tumors of human bone (1980)

The physiological effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone are mediated at least in part by cyclic AMP. The biochemical events subsequent to this step have not been well characterized in this tissue. Giant cell tumors of bone (GT) increase cyclic AMP in response to PTH. This response can be inhibited by an analogue of bovine PTH, [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34] bPTH-(3-34) amide (PTH-Inh). Cyclic AMP content and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) were assayed in fresh tumors and cells in culture incubated with 1 microgram/ml of bPTH and/or PTH-Inh. PTH fully activated cAMP-PK in GT, and PTH-Inh completely inhibited PTH-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP content and cAMP-PK activity. When endogenous protein substrates were sought for cAMP-PK, three phosphoproteins of 55,000, 43,000, and 38,000 mol wt maximally increased their phosphorylation by 30% after 12-min incubation with bPTH. Dephosphorylation of proteins of 200,000 and 120,000 mol wt was also observed. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PTH action in bone is mediated by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of specific substrates.
X-RAY TREATMENT OF CRUSH INJURIES (1961)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: September 1961 - Volume 1 - Issue 5 - p 483-500
Isolation and expression of a gene encoding L-14-II, a new human soluble lactose-binding lectin. (1992)

In the course of screening a human hepatoma cDNA library with antibody raised against a mammalian lectin with subunit molecular weight of about 14,000, we detected a partial cDNA encoding a related but distinct protein that was possibly a homologous lectin (Gitt and Barondes, 1986). We here report the isolation and sequencing of a full-length cDNA for this protein from a HepG2 cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a protein with subunit molecular weight of 14,650. Expression of the coding sequence in Escherichia coli yields a product that binds to a lactose affinity column and is specifically eluted with lactose, confirming that this new protein is a lectin. Like its well studied relative, here called L-14-I, the new lectin, L-14-II, exists as a homodimer in solution. The two related human lectins have 43% amino acid sequence identity. The genomic DNA encoding L-14-II (LGALS2) contains four exons with similar intron placement to L-14-I (LGALS1); but the genomic upstream region, which contains several sequences characteristic of regulatory elements, differs significantly from L-14-I.
CCDC 762156: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2010)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Chapter 15 Safety Considerations When Working with Cryogenic Liquids (2016)

The general distinction between a motor and an actuator is that a motor is the element that makes the motion (mostly rotation of an electromagnetic driver) while an actuator is a complete activation device with a gear that enables the movement of a mechanism. Mobility, manipulation, and articulation of mechanisms require the use of actuators and, in some applications, they enable extremely high precision displacement (e.g., optical devices). Each degree of freedom (DoF) of a mechanism typically requires a dedicated actuator and, with the rise in the number of DoF, the complexity signicantly increases. In such systems as robots, the mass and volume of the actuators take up a signicant percentage of the total system. Actuators function as the equivalent of muscles and they are operated by a source of energy (typically electric current, hydraulic, heat, or pneumatic pressure) that is converted into motion. The control system that drives an actuator can be a simple xed mechanical or electronic system, computer driven or operated by a human user. The general types of actuators that are used include electric (such as ac, dc, brushed, and brushless motors), pneumatic, hydraulic, piezoelectric, and shape-memory alloys. The operation of actuators is signicantly different from the operation of natural muscles, which are both compliant and linear in behavior [Full and Meijer, 2004]. There are many low temperature applications where a motor is needed to performmechanical functions. For applications on Earth, 180 K (–135.8°F) is the lowest temperatureCONTENTS8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 213 8.2 CTE and Material Selection Considerations .................................................................. 215 8.3 Fabricating Low temperature Motors and Actuators ................................................... 216 8.4 Testing the Motors and Actuators and Analysis of the Test Results .......................... 2208.4.1 Cryogenic Test Results .......................................................................................... 220 8.4.2 Summary of the Test Conclusions .......................................................................222
Designed Synthesis of SiO2/TiO2 Core/Shell Structure As Light Scattering Material for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

SiO2/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles (STCS-NPs) with diameters of 110, 240, and 530 nm were fabricated to investigate the influence of the size and refractive index of light-scattering particles on light-scattering properties. The optical properties of STCS-NPs were evaluated and compared with SiO2-NPs and TiO2-NPs. The structure of STCS-NPs, consisting of a low refractive index core and high refractive index shell, provides efficient light scattering. The optimized anode film with STCS-NPs had ca. 20% improved power conversion efficiency (PCE).