gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Characterization of CMOS-Fabricated Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (2010)

This paper describes the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The transducers are fabricated using the interconnect and dielectric layers from a standard CMOS fabrication process. Unlike previous efforts toward integrating CMUTs with CMOS electronics, this process adds no microelectromechanical systems-related steps to the CMOS process and requires no critical lithography steps after the CMOS process is complete. Efficient computational models of the transducers were produced through the combined use of finite-element analysis and lumped-element modeling. A method for improved computation of the electrostatic coupling and environmental loading is presented without the need for multiple finite-element computations. Through the use of laser Doppler velocimetry, transient impulse response and steady-state frequency sweep tests were performed. These measurements are compared to the results predicted by the models. The performance characteristics were compared experimentally through changes in the applied bias voltage, device diameter, and medium properties (air, vacuum, oil, and water). Sparse clusters of up to 33 elements were tested in transmit mode in a water tank, achieving a center frequency of 3.5 MHz, a fractional bandwidth of 32%-44%, and pressure amplitudes of 181-184 dB re 1 μPa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> at 15 mm from the transducer on axis.
Mapping air quality by laser (1981)

The dispersion of plumes from power plant stacks can be measured by a remote system which combines lasers and a computer to measure sulfur dioxide concentrations. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)-sponsored system can make several hundred measures a minute from distances up to two miles. The lidar (light detection and ranging) or DIAL system uses pulse reflection times to describe the plume's shape and extent. The system can be carried in a semitrailor and could be used to develop a data source for new site-specific models. DIAL system technology is derived from meteorological research done in the 1930s with searchlight images. (DCK)
Improved energy analyzer for voltage measurement in electron beam probing for LSI diagnosis (1985)

To reduce the error caused by the local field effect in electron beam voltage measurement, a hemispherical retarding field energy analyzer extraction system for secondary electrons has been investigated. Based on the results of experiments, an improved energy analyzer was devised, which has a planar extraction grid combined with spherical extraction and retarding grids. It can generate a uniform extraction field of about 800 V/mm, keeping the retarding field spherical. Linearization error was reduced to ±0.15 V. Measurement error was also reduced to about one-tenth of our previously developed hemispherical analyzer. Typically error is less than ±0.3 V for electrodes more than 5 μm wide over electrode voltages from 0 to 5 V.
Mechanical design of a precision linear flexural stage for 3D x-ray diffraction microscope at the Advanced Photon Source (2015)

The 3-D X-ray diffraction microscope is a new nondestructive tool for the three-dimensional characterization of mesoscopic materials structure. A flexural-pivot-based precision linear stage has been designed to perform a wire scan as a differential aperture for the 3-D diffraction microscope at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The mechanical design and finite element analyses of the flexural stage, as well as its initial mechanical test results with laser interferometer are described in this paper.
FRENCH SURVEY OF POSTPOLIO SEQUELAE (1994)

For 10 yr, numerous studies have been conducted to try to explain the further deterioration of the sequelae from a previous, acute poliomyelitis. The different etiologic hypotheses, which have been put forward, have not been confirmed yet. A retrospective study has been completed by mailed questionnaires sent to 360 patients previously affected by acute polio; 248 polio survivors replied. Deterioration, as functional loss especially during walking and exertion, was reported by 77% of our respondents. Among the newly affected cases, 60% have given up or slowed down their socio-professional activities because of these new problems with their health. These functional losses, reported by patients, have been statistically related to several factors: the aging process, weight gain, female predominance and the involvement of abdominal muscles at a previously acute polio stage. The recently affected population has the same degree of disability (measured through the "Functional Independence Measure" (translated in French and self-administered)) as the nonaffected one. This fact suggests that the problems that are being experienced may be partly subjective.
Ruthenium-based complexes containing a benzimidazolium tag covalently connected to N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: environmentally friendly catalysts for olefin metathesis transformations (2012)

Two ruthenium-based pre-catalysts containing an ionic tag covalently connected to a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand are reported. These novel complexes, bearing a polar benzimidazolium group, are air-stable and can be easily prepared from commercially available reagents. The quaternary benzimidazolium tag allows the efficient separation of ruthenium waste from the metathesis product after reaction. Application in several olefin metathesis transformations leads to desired products of high purity, which exhibit ruthenium contamination levels as low as 1 ppm after simple filtration through a pad of silica gel.
Multi-Cultural Human-Drone Interaction Workshop (2020)

This hands-on workshop brings together researchers and practitioners to discuss the cultural aspects of Human-Drone Interaction design. An increasing body of work [2, 3, 4, 8] shows that the one-fits-all model of interaction might be obsolete, especially when considering natural interactions where people use gesture and voice that are culturally dependent [7]. In the first part of the workshop, each attendee will present their accepted position paper on the topic. As a group, we will discuss ideas around social drone designs and leverage everyone’s expertise to discuss cultural aspects when designing effective and enjoyable interactions. We encourage the exchange of research results and ideas for future research attempts. The second part of the workshop will be a hands-on activity involving a participatory design task for human-drone interaction. The workshop goal is to develop a road-map for cross cultural interactions with drones.
Light‐Induced Mechanistic Divergence in Gold(I) Catalysis: Revisiting the Reactivity of Diazonium Salts (2019)

In a systematic study of the Au-catalyzed reaction of o-alkynylphenols with aryldiazonium salts, we find that essentially the same reaction conditions lead to a change in mechanism when a light source is applied. If the reaction is carried out at room temperature using a Au<sup>I</sup> catalyst, the diazonium salt undergoes electrophilic deauration of a vinyl Au<sup>I</sup> intermediate and provides access to substituted azobenzofurans. If the reaction mixture is irradiated with blue LED light, C-C bond formation due to N<sub>2</sub> -extrusion from the diazonium salt is realized selectively, using the same starting materials without the need for an additional photo(redox) catalyst under aerobic conditions. We report a series of experiments demonstrating that the same vinyl Au<sup>I</sup> intermediate is capable of producing the observed products under photolytic and thermal conditions. The finding that a vinyl Au<sup>I</sup> complex can directly, without the need for an additional photo(redox) catalyst, result in C-C bond formation under photolytic conditions is contrary to the proposed mechanistic pathways suggested in the literature till date and highlights that the role of oxidation state changes in photoredox catalysis involving Au is thus far only poorly understood and may hold surprises for the future. Computational results indicate that photochemical activation can occur directly from a donor-acceptor complex formed between the vinyl Au<sup>I</sup> intermediate and the diazonium salt.
Low Resolution Phase Shifters Suffice for Full-Duplex mmWave Communications (2019)

Full-duplex base-stations with half-duplex nodes, allowing simultaneous uplink and downlink from different nodes, have the potential to double the spectrum efficiency without adding additional complexity at mobile nodes. Hybrid beam-forming is commonly used in millimeter wave systems for its implementation efficiency. An important element of hybrid beam-forming is quantized phase shifters. In this paper, we ask if low-resolution phase shifters suffice for beamforming-based full-duplex millimeter wave systems. We formulate the problem of joint design for both self-interference suppression and downlink beamforming as an optimization problem, which we solve using penalty dual decomposition to obtain a near-optimal solution. Numerical results indicate that low-resolution phase shifters can perform close to systems that use infinite phase shifter resolution, and that even a single quantization bit outperforms half-duplex transmissions in both low and high residual self-interference scenarios.
Autoimmune hepatitis experimental model based on adenoviral infections (2013)

We appreciate the comments by by Lapierre et al. on our article on experimental murine autoimmune hepatitis (emAIH),1 because the group is known for their expertise on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The major advantage of our model is the genetic background predisposing to (1) a more rapid development of AIH and (2) a disease phenotype closely resembling the human disease. As discussed in the article, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice share genetic predispositions also relevant in human AIH (e.g., major histocompatibility complex and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), whereas such associations are not known for C57Bl/6 and FVB/N mice. However, even after follow-up for 30 weeks, we did not see signs of AIH in the latter two strains. Our model offers the additional advantage that mechanisms leading to a break of tolerance and therapeutic interventions could be studied. Besides this, the more severe course of the disease enabled us to study disease end-points such as fibrosis. Fibrosis was verified by a pathologist in a blinded way with a standard staining used in clinical routine. Others' models did not see any fibrosis2, 3 or unphysiological subcapsular fibrosis just after intraperitoneal virus injection.4 Other researchers have also described the need for strong “danger signals” to break tolerance against liver antigens3-5; however, we could show that the mere overexpression of the autoantigen is not sufficient to cause AIH. This is well in line with the experience of Lapierre et al. employing a repeated prime boost protocol with DNA vaccination with a plasmid encoding for a secreted chimeric antigen of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) and formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), with the addition interleukin (IL)-122 or expression with an adenovirus.3 Of note, we have also tested intramuscular DNA injection with cytomegalovirus-promoter-driven FTCD and IL-12, but did not see meaningful AIH within 6 months in NOD mice (see Fig. 1). The important publication by Bowen et al.6 did not use danger signals, but rather induced a self-limited hepatitis, followed by immune tolerance, thereby, rather supporting our statement. Regarding the nature of the inducing autoantigen, we could show that similar antigens can induce AIH as well as identical antigens. However, we did not try CYP2D6 as an orthologous autoantigen. The amount of virus could be excluded as a variable, because we tried 1 × 109 to 1 × 1010 plaque-forming units of our adenovirus, as reported by Holdener et al.4 As recently discussed,7 we think that all the mentioned models are important and can be used to explain various aspects of AIH and hepatic immune tolerance. Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski, Ph.D. Michel P. Manns, M.D. Elmar Jäckel, M.D. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Theoretical studies of electronic properties of semimagnetic superlattices in a magnetic field (1987)

We present our first theoretical study of the electronic properties of superlattices formed from semimagnetic semiconductors. Both Cd0.8Mn0.2Te/Cd0.7Mn0.3Te and Hg0.95Mn0.05Te/ Cd0.78Mn0.22Te systems are considered explicitly. Magnetic field splittings are calculated with and without the exchange interaction. We find that the exchange interaction dominates the magnetic effects in the wide-gap Cd0.8Mn0.2Te/Cd0.7Mn0.3Te system while the Landau level shift is also important in the Hg0.95Mn0.05Te/ Cd0.78Mn0.22Te system. We present calculations of the superlattice band-gap variation with temperature and its derivative with magnetic field as a function of the superlattice layer thickness. Variation of the band offset in determining the values of the various quantities is examined.
Expression of chicken lamin B2 in Escherichia coli: characterization of its structure, assembly, and molecular interactions. (1991)

Chicken lamin B2, a nuclear member of the intermediate-type filament (IF) protein family, was expressed as a full-length protein in Escherichia coli. After purification, its structure and assembly properties were explored by EM, using both glycerol spraying/low-angle rotary metal shadowing and negative staining for preparation, as well as by analytical ultracentrifugation. At its first level of structural organization, lamin B2 formed "myosin-like" 3.1S dimers consisting of a 52-nm-long tail flanked at one end by two globular heads. These myosin-like molecules are interpreted to represent two lamin polypeptides interacting via their 45-kD central rod domains to form a segmented, parallel and unstaggered 52-nm-long two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil, and their COOH-terminal end domains folding into globular heads. At the second level of organization, lamin B2 dimers associated longitudinally to form polar head-to-tail polymers. This longitudinal mode of association of laminin dimers is in striking contrast to the lateral mode of association observed previously for cytoplasmic IF dimers. At the third level of organization, these polar head-to-tail polymers further associated laterally, in an approximately half-staggered fashion, to form filamentous and eventually paracrystal-like structures revealing a pronounced 24.5-nm axial repeat. Finally, following up on recent studies implicating the mitotic cdc2 kinase in the control of lamin polymerization (Peter, M., J. Nakagawa, M. Dorée, J. C. Labbé, and E. A. Nigg. 1990. Cell. 61:591-602), we have examined the effect of phosphorylation by purified cdc2 kinase on the assembly properties and molecular interactions of the bacterially expressed lamin B2. Phosphorylation of chicken lamin B2 by cdc2 kinase interferes with the head-to-tail polymerization of the lamin dimers. This finding supports the notion that cdc2 kinase plays a major, direct role in triggering mitotic disassembly of the nuclear lamina.
Expression of the Crohn's disease candidate gene, PTPN2, is upregulated in active Crohn's disease (2010)

We have recently shown that IFNγ, a major cytokine involved in Crohn's disease (CD), increases expression and activity of the CD candidate gene, PTPN2, in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We have also shown that PTPN2 restricts IFNγ‐induced IEC permeability. Here, we investigated whether PTPN2 expression is altered in active CD. mRNA analysis was performed by real‐time PCR. Immunostaining was performed on formalin‐fixed mucosal biopsies. We investigated PTPN2 mRNA levels in biopsies from macroscopically non‐inflamed areas of the terminal ileum, colon or rectum of CD patients in clinical and macroscopic remission; macroscopically inflamed areas of the terminal ileum and colon of CD patients with clinically active disease; or healthy control subjects undergoing routine screening. We observed significantly elevated PTPN2 mRNA in active CD (p&lt;0.05; n=9), but not in CD patients in remission. Immunostaining showed elevated epithelial and lamina propria PTPN2 in CD vs. controls. CD patients with active disease, but not those in remission, also showed an approximately three‐fold increase in tissue IFNγ mRNA levels compared to healthy controls. H&amp;E‐stained biopsy specimens indicated acute inflammation in patients with active CD only. Overall, our findings demonstrate altered PTPN2 expression in active CD and correlate with observed effects of IFNγ on PTPN2 expression in vitro . Supported by the CCFA and DFG.
Supplementary methods from HIF2α-Targeted RNAi Therapeutic Inhibits Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

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All-optical angular sensing based on holography multiplexing with spherical waves (2002)

An all-optical angular sensing system based on volume ho- lography is proposed and demonstrated, where a divergent spherical wave is the reference and reading beam for writing and testing, respec- tively. Under the paraxial condition, analysis shows that angular selectiv- ity is nearly independent of the distance between the hologram and the light source. By choosing an appropriate distance, the entire energy of the source (e.g., an LED) can be employed while maintaining the same resolution for precise angular sensing. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instru- mentation Engineers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1511748)
Light propagation at Dirac point in twisted photonic crystal (2016)

Dirac point supports two degenerate intrinsic PC modes. Vortex like PC mode at Dirac point can be excited and coupled in a hollow core PCF when it is helically twisted about the propagation axis.
Physiological regulation of tau phosphorylation during hibernation (2008)

The microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, and is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. While the mechanisms leading to abnormal tau phosphorylation remain elusive, the recent demonstration of reversible tau phosphorylation during hibernation provides an ideal physiological model to study this critical process in vivo. In this study, Arctic ground squirrels (AGS) during hibernation were used to study mechanisms related to tau hyperphosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that tau is hyperphosphorylated at all six sites (S199, T205, S214, S262, S396, and S404) examined in hibernating AGS. Interestingly, only three of these sites (S199, S262, and S404) are dephosphorylated in aroused animals, suggesting a reversible phosphorylation at selective sites. Summer-active AGS demonstrated the lowest tau phosphorylation at all these sites. To explore the mechanisms underlying increased tau phosphorylation during hibernation, the expression level and enzyme activity of various potential tau kinases and protein phosphatases were examined. The kinetic analysis of enzyme activity at different temperatures revealed differential changes in enzyme activity with temperature decline. Specifically, increased protein kinase A activity, decreased protein phosphatase 2A activity, as well as substantial contribution from glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, likely play a key role in increased tau phosphorylation during hibernation in AGS.
Patient stress and satisfaction when allowed the presence of an accompanying person during endoscopy (2013)

Introduction: Patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) have variable stress and anxiety and therefore commonly receive medications as sedative-anxiolytics. These medications have small but significant risks. To possibly make procedures safer and to increase patient satisfaction, this study aimed to measure the effects of allowing an accompanying person (AP) to be present in the endoscopy suite during EGD. Patients and Methods: Forty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups who would either be or not be offered to have an AP during endoscopy. Spielberger’s well-validated state and trait anxiety evaluations were administered to patients before and after EGD. APs also completed questionnaires as to their reactions after EGD. Results: 84.2% of the patients after EGD recommended accompaniment. Patients who underwent EGD with an AP tended (p
Ticagrelor and heart surgery controversy: we may have better antiplatelet options (2016)

Despite advanced techniques and favorable clinical outcomes, the optimal antiplatelet strategy following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an unsolved mystery. Development of novel antiplatelet agents is pivotal for the management of patients with clinically evident coronary atherothrombosis in general, and those requiring CABG in particular. In contrast to the percutaneous coronary interventions, and stent implantations where aggressive antiplatelet strategies are conventional, the protection over CABG is a matter of considerable controversy with regard to the choice of optimal agent(s), potential dose adjustment, duration of therapy, and, most importantly, need for discontinuation during surgery (1,2).
Synthesis of Wave Plates Using Multilayered Subwavelength Structure (2004)

The form-birefringence effect exhibited in the multilayered subwavelength structure (SWS) has been applied for the realization of wave plates. The SWS was obtained by coating a thin film of a material with a high refractive index onto a base SWS fabricated on a substrate with low refractive index. The multilayer SWS fabricated by this coating process exhibits strong form birefringence compared with that of the base SWS. This fact results in less depth required to realize wave plates than that with only the base SWS. In this study, a quarter-wave plate for the operating wavelength of a He-Ne laser (λ= 632.8 nm) was designed and fabricated using the above described multilayered SWS. The experimental results demonstrated that the fabricated device is effective as a quarter-wave plate and gives transmission efficiencies near 90% for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves.
Adaptive adjoint Monte Carlo simulation for the uncertainty (2004)

In order to take into account uncertainties about the values of the hydro-geological parameters of the rock hosting a deep geological repository, probabilistic methods are used in the risk assessment of radioactive waste repositories. Random generators could be globally invoked twice in adjoint Monte Carlo (AMC) simulation. Once for sampling hydro-geological parameters from known probability density functions (pdf). Next, for each selected set of parameters, random walks could be simulated for the evaluation of concentration of contaminants. With a moderate number of random walks (batch size), AMC method is efficient for computing mean values of concentrations. However, the higher moments of the concentration distribution and the distribution tails are in general not evaluated with accuracy. To cope with these inconveniences, we propose an adaptive AMC method in which the batch size is dynamically increased. The new approach is applied for the accurate assessment of the probability of exceeding some imposed critical concentrations.
Characterization of cytotoxic cells from reovirus-infected SCID mice: activated cells express natural killer- and lymphokine-activated killer-like activity but fail to clear infection (1995)

Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice infected orally with reovirus type 1/L die of hepatitis. Leukocytes bearing the cell surface antigens Thy-1.2 and asialoGM-1 (AsGM1) accumulate in the livers of infected animals. These cells display lytic activity toward natural killer-sensitive (YAC-1) and -resistant (P815) cell lines and murine hepatoma line Hepa 1/A1. Although these cells have the capacity to lyse infected hepatoma targets, they cannot clear the virus.