gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Escaping local minima through hierarchical model selection: Automatic object discovery, segmentation, and tracking in video (2006)

Recently, the generative modeling approach to video segmentation has been gaining popularity in the computer vision community. For example, the flexible sprites framework has been studied in, among other references, [11,13,14,24]. In general, detailed generative models are vulnerable to intractability of inference and local minima problems when approximations are made (see, e.g., [25]). Recent approaches to dealing with these problems focused on inference techniques for increasingly more expressive models. Simpler models, on the other hand, while less precise, are often not just faster, but less prone to local minima. In addition, while many different models may be based on similar hidden variables, some models may be more amenable to inference of some of the shared variables, while other models lead to efficient and accurate inference of other components of the hierarchical data description. In this paper, we empirically illustrate that forcing multiple models to share the posterior distribution leads to inference less prone to local minima. We define a set of key hidden variables that describe aspects of the data that we care about. The relationships among these key variables are defined through multiple conditional distribution models on the same pairs of variables, controlled by switch variables. The posterior distribution over the key hidden variables is shared, and inference of the switch variables serves as a mechanism for combinatorial model selection. The key observation here is that while the most expressive model often ends up a winner by the end of the iterative learning of model parameters, early iterations are dominated by simpler model components, and upon convergence, the free energy is lower than the ones reached by switching on all the most complex components from the beginning of the learning. We illustrate the performance of this approach on the unsupervised video segmentation task.
Development of a Durable Gelatinous Deodorizer. (1993)

Durable gelatinous deodorizer incorporated into cyclodextrins (CD) has been developed to restrict the decomposition of the deodorizer. Thus prepared deodorizer removed c.a. 99% of ammonia odor and c.a. 74% of methylmercaptide odor after 60 min. Similar reduction rate of odor were established even after 20 days, suggesting that the deodorizer is stabilized by CD for long-term uses.
Progress in flexible and drapable reflective cholesteric displays (2007)

Abstract— Recent results from encapsulation work on the development of flexible and drapable cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) on substrates such as thin plastics, fabrics, and even paper will be presented. The approaches used to create flexible displays using single‐ and dual‐substrate methods based on printable emulsions and polymerization‐induced phase‐separation (PIPS) techniques will be discussed.
Hybrid Modeling for Grassland Productivity Prediction: A Parametric and Machine Learning Technique for Grazing Management with Applicability to Digital Twin Decision Systems (2023)

CONTEXT: Monitoring Net Primary Production (NPP) becomes critical to assess not only the ecosystem status but also its long-term dynamics. In rangelands, NPP seasonal dynamics determines forage availability, stock density, and livestock productivity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a hybrid modeling and prediction engine to predict Aboveground NPP (ANPP) production in native grasslands of Uruguay. The model combines an analytical component based on the seasonal inertial dynamics of ANPP, and an artificial neural network (ANN) component used to model the remaining non-linearities and, mainly related to precipitation and temperature variability. The hybrid model is proposed as the “virtual entity” of a digital twin support decision system where the “physical entity” is a collection of bi-weekly (fortnight) ANPP estimates.METHODS: Fortnight ANPP data were derived from MODIS EVI for the 2001-2020 period. A sigmoidal functional response was fitted to the accumulative ANPP as a function of time. This model has three parameters with an explicit biological interpretation. Forecasts were generated extrapolating the sigmoidal functional response fit up to four fortnights ahead. From these fits, we obtained the fortnight ANPP values differentiating the cumulative fortnight ANPP. Predictions (up to 4 fortnights) were generated for each fortnight and year. The variability in residuals from these fits was modeled using a multilayer perceptron trained by backpropagation using climate variables as independent variables. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The sigmoidal functional response model fit was highly significant for the accumulative ANPP profile. This model also had a high explanatory power for the accumulative ANPP curve. Median percent absolute residuals increased from 16.92% to 18.27% for 1 to 4 fortnights ahead forecasts). NN significantly reduced the unexplained variability in ANPP, showing a median reduction in residuals of 34.55%, 30.92%, 29.69% and 29.93% for 1 to 4 fortnights ahead forecasts, respectively, when compared to those from the sigmoidal functional response fit.SIGNIFICANCE: By integrating both parametric and machine learning techniques, the hybrid model developed can make accurate predictions in a way that is both efficient and reliable. The hybrid model not only represents an advantage in terms of predictive power but it allow for a deeper understanding of the basic ecological processes involved in forage production.
Biogenesis In Vitro of Vesicles From Endosomes (1998)

41 The endocytosis and recycling of plasma membrane proteins allows the composition of the cell surface to be modulated. Transport of membrane proteins from endosomes to the surface or to other membranous compartments has been proposed to occur via vesicular intermediates. However, such intermediates have yet to be identified. We set out to determine whether endosomes can give rise to vesicular intermediates and if so, which cytosolic proteins are involved. We set up a system using CHO cells stably transfected with a myc-tagged version of the facilitative transporter, GLUT4. Endosomes are labeled by internalization of transferrin or anti-myc monoclonal antibodies. After disruption of the cells, labeled membranes are incubated with cytosol and an ATP regenerating system and warmed. We found that endosomal membranes incubated with cytosol from a variety of tissues as well as from yeast gave rise to small vesicles containing either transferrin or GLUT4. Vesicle formation was insensitive to the fungal metabolite brefeldin A but was completely inhibited by non-hydrolyzable forms of GTP (GTPγ-S). Cytosol from yeast strains carrying a disruption in clathrin heavy chain showed a reduced level of vesicle formation suggesting that clathrin is involved in vesicle biogenesis. When vesicles were incubated with cytosol and GTPγ-S, their density increased and clathrin was recruited. Our data suggests that endosomes can give to vesicular intermediates and that clathrin is one of the proteins involved in vesicle biogenesis from endosomes. We propose that such intermediates may represent those involved in transport of recycling membrane proteins from endosomes either directly to the plasma membrane or to other membranous compartments.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of ultrathin buried metal layers: (Al,Ga)As/NiAl/(Al,Ga)As heterostructures (1988)

We report the first growth of epitaxial NiAl metallic layers buried within monocrystalline GaAs/AlAs/NiAl/AlAs/GaAs heterostructures deposited entirely within a molecular beam epitaxy growth chamber. The layer growth sequence is monitored by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows that the metal layers and the III-V overgrowth are monocrystalline and of high quality. Thin, buried NiAl layers over the entire thickness range investigated (3–100 nm) are electrically continuous (69 μΩ cm at 3 nm). The heterostructures formed by this process can be used for the fabrication of thin-metal buried-layer devices utilizing ballistic transport or quantum mechanical tunneling across thin metal bases.
Accurate Transaxial Region-of-Interest Reconstruction in Helical CT? (2017)

In conventional helical computed tomography (CT), the field-of-view is a cylinder centered on the axis of the helix. Here, we consider the situation where all measurement lines are blocked except those intersecting a small cylindrical region-of-interest (ROI) not necessarily centered on the axis of the system. We address the question of image reconstruction inside the ROI. The patient boundary is assumed known, and we avoid the “interior problem” by assuming that the ROI includes part of the patient boundary. By applying analytic image reconstruction theory, we show that the entire cylindrical ROI can be reconstructed provided the pitch of the helix does not violate the well-known Tam-Danielsson detector condition. Using an iterative algorithm, we performed ROI reconstruction from simulated phantom data and from real patient data, and compared the results with full-field reconstructions. Visually, the ROI reconstructed images perfectly matched the full-field reconstructions. However, there were small quantitative discrepancies near the interior boundaries of the ROIs, which we attribute to the known reduced stability at one side of the inverse truncated Hilbert transform. In conclusion, we have demonstrated mathematically that accurate transverse ROI reconstruction is possible for helical CT, although care must be taken near the interior boundary to achieve quantitative accuracy.
On the optical evaluation of the EL2 deep level concentration in semi-insulating GaAs (1983)

We present a practical procedure for the evaluation of the Fermi energy in semi-insulating (SI)GaAs from electrical measurements. This procedure makes it possible to reliably extend the determination of the major deep level (EL2) concentration, by near-infrared absorption measurements, to SI GaAs. Employing this procedure, we showed that the EL2 concentration in Czochralski-grown GaAs increases monotonically with increasing As/Ga ratio (throughout the conversion from SI n type to semiconducting p-type crystals) rather than abruptly as previously proposed.
A shape-dependent variability metric for evaluating panel segmentations with a case study on LIDC (2010)

The segmentation of medical images is challenging because a ground truth is often not available. Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) systems are dependent on ground truth as a means of comparison; however, in many cases the ground truth is derived from only experts' opinions. When the experts disagree, it becomes impossible to discern one ground truth. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to measure the disagreement among radiologist's delineated boundaries. The algorithm accounts for both the overlap and shape of the boundaries in determining the variability of a panel segmentation. After calculating the variability of 3788 thoracic computed tomography (CT) slices in the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC), we found that the radiologists have a high consensus in a majority of lung nodule segmentations. However, our algorithm identified a number of segmentations that the radiologists significantly disagreed on. Our proposed method of measuring disagreement can assist others in determining the reliability of panel segmentations. We also demonstrate that it is superior to simply using overlap, which is currently one of the most common ways of measuring segmentation agreement. The variability metric presented has applications to panel segmentations, and also has potential uses in CAD systems.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITIONSRK. VON 3,4‐DIMETHYL‐1‐THIO‐1‐PHENYL‐PHOSPHOL MIT TROPON (1973)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) reagieren zu den isomeren [4 + 2]‐Addukten (IIIa) und (IVa).
Integrating HECW1 expression into the clinical indicators exhibits high accuracy in assessing the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2021)

HECW1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC, and integrating intratumoral HECW1 expression with established clinical indicators yields higher accuracy in assessing the postoperative prognosis of ccRCC patients.
Silastic flexible hinge implant arthroplasty of the great toe for hallux rigidus: A retrospective analysis (2008)

The outcomes in 65 patients with 76-silastic flexible hinge (two-stem) metatarsophalangeal joint implant arthroplasty for hallux rigidus were studied retrospectively. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 56 years (26-86) and mean follow-up was 6 years (2-11). Overall success rate on subjective assessment was 80%. Fifty-five (85%) patients reported good pain relief after the operation. Average AOFAS score improved from 30 (range 20-40) before the operation to 70 (range 60-80) at one year after the operation. Although follow-up radiographs demonstrated variable amounts of lysis around 10% of the silastic implants (8 patients), this deterioration did not correlate with reduction in patient satisfaction. Therefore silastic metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty should still be considered as an option in selected patients with end-stage hallux rigidus where other total joint arthroplasty or arthrodesis is not feasible.
Polarization-dependent interference of coherent scattering from orthogonal dipole moments of a resonantly excited quantum dot (2017)

Interference between coherent scattering from the two fine structure split exciton states in a neutral InGaAs quantum dot causes an unconventional excitation line shape. Analysis allows the extraction of steady-state coherence between the exciton states.
Characterization of electrostriction nonlinearity in a standard single-mode fiber based on cross-phase modulation (2015)

Electrostriction nonlinearity in a standard single mode fiber is characterized with a phase-diversity coherent optical receiver. Measured differences in the polarizations of crosstalk signatures caused by Kerr and electrostriction nonlinearities are reported.
Spin-orbit interaction from low-symmetry localized defects in semiconductors (2011)

The presence of low-symmetry impurities or defect complexes in the zinc-blende direct-gap semiconductors (e.g. interstitials, DX-centers) results in a novel spin-orbit term in the effective Hamiltonian for the conduction band. The new extrinsic spin-orbit interaction is proportional to the matrix element of the defect potential between the conduction and the valence bands. Because this interaction arises already in the first order of the expansion of the effective Hamiltonian in powers of Uext/Eg &lt;&lt; 1 (where Uext is the pseudopotential of an interstitial atom, and Eg is the band gap), its contribution to the spin relaxation rate may exceed that of the previously studied extrinsic contributions, even for moderate concentrations of impurities.
Antioxidative Action of Aspirin on Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolaemic Rats (2008)

The role of aspirin on vascular endothelial changes during hypercholesterolaemia prior to development of actual atherosclerotic lesions is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that aspirin by its antioxidant action improves endothelial function in a rat model of hypercholesterolaemia. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in Wistar rats by feeding a 1% cholesterol-rich diet for 10 weeks. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were estimated in serum. Endothelial function and beta(2)-adrenoceptor activity was tested by studying the dose-response relationship of acetylcholine and isoproterenol, respectively, on isolated aortic tissues in an organ bath setup. Hypercholesterolaemic rats showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and a significant fall in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to the control rats. Isolated aortic tissues from hypercholesterolaemic rats showed endothelial dysfunction and decreased sensitivity to beta(2)-adrenoceptor. Treatment with aspirin was associated with a fall in total cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C, and a significant rise in serum HDL-C. Aspirin treatment also restored endothelial function and beta(2)-adrenoceptor activity. Hypercholesterolaemic rats showed free radical generation, evident by increase in serum lipid peroxidation and reduction in serum reduced glutathione content compared to the control rats. Aspirin treatment was associated with reduction in free radical stress evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and significantly prevented reduction in glutathione content compared to hypercholesterolaemic controls. Aspirin improves endothelial function and beta(2)-adrenoceptor activity during experimentally induced hypercholesterolaemia in rats, possibly due to an antioxidant effect.
MCR XVII. THREE TYPES OF MCRS AND THE LIBRARIES : THEIR CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL EVENTS AND PREPARATIVE CHEMISTRY (1998)

The one-pot Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs)1 convert more than two different components into their products with at least two new chemical bonds, and the products contain all educts or at least some parts of them. Many chemical reactions have several, but not all, aspects of the MCRs. Three different basic types (I–III) and two subclasses (A and B) of MCRs can take place. Chemistry had started in the nature of our world roughly 4.6 billion years ago, including MCRs of the types I and II, forming libraries of many different products. A little later, the living cells came into existence, and their biochemical MCRs of all three types started. In their various local parts their biochemical products are selectively formed by their enzyme-assisted procedures, but many of their MCRs belong to type III. The preparative chemistry of MCRs started in the middle of the last century, when the first equilibrating but isolateable 3CR products of type IB were formed. The pre-final reactions of type I form compounds, which react further and form their final products irreversibly by MCRs of type II. The type IIA products are usually heterocycles, whereas those of type IIB are generally products of isocyanides. The U-4CR of type IIB was introduced and this led to a CROATICA CHEMICA ACTA CCACAA 71 (3) 527?547 (1998)
Light induced electrical and macroscopic changes in hydrogenated polymorphous silicon solar cells (2012)

We report on light-induced electrical and macroscopic changes in hydrogenated polymorphous silicon (pm-Si:H) PIN solar cells. To explain the particular light-soaking behavior of such cells – namely an increase of the open circuit voltage (Voc) and a rapid drop of the short circuit current density (Jsc) – we correlate these effects to changes in hydrogen incorporation and structural properties in the layers of the cells. Numerous techniques such as current-voltage characteristics, infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen exodiffusion, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to study the light-induced changes from microscopic to macroscopic scales (up to tens of microns). Such comprehensive use of complementary techniques lead us to suggest that light-soaking produces the diffusion of molecular hydrogen, hydrogen accumulation at p-layer/substrate interface and localized delamination of the interface. Based on these results we propose that light-induced degradation of PIN solar cells has to be addressed from not only as a material issue, but also a device point of view. In particular we bring experimental evidence that localized delamination at the interface between the p-layer and SnO2 substrate by light-induced hydrogen motion causes the rapid drop of Jsc.
Granzyme B for predicting the durable clinical benefit of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (2022)

Our findings revealed that sequential change in granzyme B might be utilized as a predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.
A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the LAMC2 gene in patients with the Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (1994)

Journal Article A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the LAMC2 gene in patients with the Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa Get access Christian Baudoin, Christian Baudoin 1U385 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine06107 Nice cedex 2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Corinne Miquel, Corinne Miquel 1U385 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine06107 Nice cedex 2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios, Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios 1U385 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine06107 Nice cedex 2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leena Pulkkinen, Leena Pulkkinen 3Departments of Dermatology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angela M. Christiano, Angela M. Christiano 3Departments of Dermatology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jouni Uitto, Jouni Uitto 3Departments of Dermatology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gianluca Tadini, Gianluca Tadini 4Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, University of MilanMilan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean-Paul Ortonne, Jean-Paul Ortonne 1U385 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine06107 Nice cedex 22Service de Dermatologie, H⊙pital Pasteur06002 Nice cedex 1, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guerrino Meneguzzl Guerrino Meneguzzl * 1U385 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine06107 Nice cedex 2 * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 10, October 1994, Pages 1909–1910, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.10.1909 Published: 01 October 1994 Article history Received: 29 June 1994 Revision received: 11 August 1994 Accepted: 11 August 1994 Published: 01 October 1994
Monoclonal anticardiolipin autoantibodies established from the (new zealand white x bxsb)f1 mouse model of antiphospholipid syndrome cross‐react with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (1995)

We confirmed that aCL derived from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice can cross-react with ox-LDL. This result suggests that aCL, which is closely associated with lupus-associated thrombosis, may also play an important role in atherosclerotic complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
All-Optical Full Adder Exploiting Cascade of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Modular Blocks (2008)

An implementation of all-optical full-adder is presented. This photonic digital processing fundamental block is obtaining by cascading a single integrable logic gate exploiting XGM and XPM-based polarization rotation in SOA.