gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical phonons in InSb1−xAsx/InSb (2004)

We have examined the optical phonons of InSb1−xAsx using oblique-incidence infrared spectroscopy. Reflectance spectra of thick (∼2 μm) relaxed layers grown on InSb (100) by liquid phase epitaxy exhibit for x&amp;lt;0.65 a weak reflectivity peak near 235 cm−1 together with a strong substrate peak. No other prominent features were seen. Fitting the spectra with a factorized model yielded the transverse and longitudinal mode frequencies and damping constants. The InSb-like mode frequencies were only weakly dependent on Sb concentration for x&amp;lt;0.65. Although it had been expected that InAs1−xSbx would exhibit one-mode behavior, this proved to be true only for x&amp;lt;0.49 above which concentration two modes were seen.
Microwave-assisted chemical reduction routes for direct synthesis of Fe–Pt nanoparticles in ordered face centered tetragonal L10 phase (2011)

In the present work, microwave-assisted chemical reduction route has been explored for the direct synthesis of face centered tetragonal (fct) L10 phase of Fe–Pt nanoparticles. Effects of microwave power and irradiation time on the growth process were investigated. Using this facile and high yield technique we could tune particle size from 7 to 17 nm. The as-prepared Fe–Pt NPs were observed in ordered fct L10 phase without any post-synthesis treatment. The particle size and magnetic properties of the as-prepared Fe–Pt were found to be very sensitive to the microwave irradiation power, while influence of exposure time was insignificant. The hysteresis measurements were performed at room temperature (300 K) to study magnetic properties of as-synthesized Fe–Pt as a function of crystallite size. All specimens of Fe–Pt were found to exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Coercivity and saturation magnetization were observed to be decreasing with diminishing particle size. The microwave-assisted route is found to be a simple technique for direct synthesis of metal alloys and may prove to be a potential tool of high density data storage materials such as Fe–Pt.
Evaluation of supervised and unsupervised 3D star visualisation algorithms (2013)

The 3D Star Coordinate Projection (3DSCP) visualisation algorithm has been developed to address the following key issues: choosing the projection configuration autonomously. preserving the data topology after projection. enhancing resolution. A supervised version of 3DSCP (S3DSCP) is also introduced to improve the computational efficiency of 3DSCP. Comparison with other linear, non-linear and axis-based techniques is performed to illustrate the efficacy of the 3DSCP and S3DSCP methods. Empirical analyses indicate that the 3DSCP and S3DSCP algorithms find hidden patterns in data while overcoming limitations of other techniques.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows safe escalation of dose-intensity of chemotherapy in metastatic adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. (1993)

This high-dose regimen of chemotherapy was feasible under rhGM-CSF cover and produced a higher response rate and median survival than previously seen by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group. A randomized phase III study is now underway comparing this regimen with conventional-dose doxorubicin/ifosfamide to test the dose-response relationship.
Verborgene Biodiversität - die Vielfalt der Mikroorganismen in unseren Böden (2022)

Boden ist ein Habitat, das eine grosse Vielfalt an Mikroorganismen, d. h. Bakterien, Archaeen, Pilzen und Protisten, beherbergt. Wir wissen, dass diese Kleinstlebewesen für eine Vielzahl spezifischer Bodenfunktionen verantwortlich sind. Im Rahmen des Biodiversitätsmonitorings der Schweiz haben wir an 255 Standorten die Diversität der Bodenbakterien und -pilze untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 109 693 Bakterien- und 28 085 Pilztaxa gefunden, wobei etwa 2/3 der Bakterien- und 1/3 der Pilztaxa einer Gattung und der Rest nur einer höheren taxonomischen Klasse zugeordnet werden konnte. Die verschiedenen Landnutzungstypen unterschieden sich signifikant in Vielfalt und Struktur ihrer Bakterien- und Pilzgemeinschaften. Innerhalb des Waldes waren z. B. Pilzgemeinschaften signifikant vom Waldtyp und Bakteriengemeinschaften am stärksten vom pH des Bodens bestimmt. Unsere erste systematische Erhebung von Bakterien und Pilzen in Schweizer Böden zeigte eine immense und dem Lebensraum angepasste mikrobielle Diversität, deren umfassende funktionelle Bedeutung wir erst beginnen zu verstehen.
CalBack: Enhancing Caltrans Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Process with New Back-Calculation Software (2009)

In 1996, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) initiated an extensive project to develop mechanistic-empirical (ME) pavement design and analysis tools, which will help state design engineers incorporate the impact of new products and technologies, increased traffic volumes and axle loading, and variable climatic conditions. As part of the development of new ME design procedures, Caltrans is developing a suite of dedicated software. CalME is a ME design program for flexible pavements that parallels the NCHRP 1-37A (MEPDG) and is calibrated for California conditions. CalBack is a sophisticated back-calculation program that contains specific features pertinent to California and is designed to work standalone, or in concert with CalME. CalBack is a unique and important addition to the existing knowledge base in that it possesses multiple data input/output methods, several new analytical modeling methods, and numerous user performance options. This paper describes the successful development and implementation of CalBack in three ways: (1) why and how Caltrans developed CalBack; (2) how CalBack functions; and (3) representative studies that show how well the software performs. Application of CalBack in several California projects, including the case studies presented in this paper, has shown that back-calculated moduli for different layers in the flexible and rigid pavement systems agreed reasonably well with laboratory measured values. Furthermore, the importance of avoiding temperature gradients when evaluating portland cement concrete pavements with the falling weight deflectometer is also well captured by CalBack.
Maturation of cultured hippocampal slices results in increased excitability in granule cells (2004)

The preparation of hippocampal slices results in loss of input neurons to dentate granule cells, which leads to the reorganization of their axons, the mossy fibers, and alters their functional properties in long-term cultures, but its temporal aspects in the immature hippocampus are not known. In this study, we have focused on the early phase of this plastic reorganization process by analyzing granule cell function with field potential and whole cell recordings during the in vitro maturation of hippocampal slices (from 1 to 17 days in vitro, prepared from 6 to 7-day-old rats), and their morphology using extracellular biocytin labelling technique. Acute slices from postnatal 14-22-day-old rats were analyzed to detect any differences in the functional properties of granule cells in these two preparations. In field potential recordings, small synaptically-evoked responses were detected at 2 days in vitro, and their amplitude increased during the culture time. Whole cell voltage clamp recordings revealed intensive spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, and the susceptibility to stimulus-evoked bursting increased with culture time. In acutely prepared slices, neither synaptically-evoked responses in field potential recordings nor any bursting in whole cell recordings were detected. The excitatory activity was under the inhibitory control of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. Extracellularily applied biocytin labelled dentate granule cells, and revealed sprouting and aberrant targeting of mossy fibers in cultured slices. Our results suggest that reorganization of granule cell axons takes place during the early in vitro maturation of hippocampal slices, and contributes to their increased excitatory activity resembling that in the epileptic hippocampus. Cultured immature hippocampal slices could thus serve as an additional in vitro model to elucidate mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and cellular reactivity in response to external damage in the developing hippocampus.
Novel Routes to Bidentate Cyclopentadienyl−Alkoxide Complexes of Titanium:  Synthesis of (η5-σ-C5R14CHR2CH2CR3R4O)TiCl2 (1999)

Reaction of C5R14(SiMe3)CHR2CH2CR3R4OR5 with titanium tetrachloride gives the bidentate η5-σ-cyclopentadienyl−alkoxide complexes of titanium (η5-σ-C5R14CHR2CH2CR3R4O)TiCl2 through elimination of chlorotrimethylsilane and RCl (R = SiMe3, CH2Ph, CMe3). A potentially tridentate system (R1, R2, R3 = H, R4 = −(CH2)2OMe) was synthesized in optically pure form and its structure determined by X-ray diffraction. The pendant ether oxygen does not coordinate to the metal, and hydride transfer reactions catalyzed by the complex gave racemic products. Efficient routes to tetramethylcyclopentadienyl-substituted ligands (R1 = Me) were developed on the basis of the addition of 2-butenylmagnesium bromide to γ-lactones to give the dienyl alcohols [C(CH3)CH(CH3)]2C(OH)CHR2(CH2)2OH, which could be functionalized on the primary alcohol before acid-catalyzed cyclization to afford the 3-alkoxypropyl-substituted tetramethylcyclopentadienes.
Separation and Identification of Peptides in Single Neurons by Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography−Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Postsource Decay Analysis (1998)

Microcolumn liquid chromatography (LC) was interfaced with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for separation and identification of peptides present in single neurons from the brain of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The nanoliter microcolumn LC effluent, mixed off-line with nanoliter matrix solution, was deposited onto the sample target every 60 s, producing fractions of approximately 145 nL in volume, which, upon drying, produced spots of approximately 1 mm in size. At the end of the chromatographic separation, fractions from the sample target were scanned by MALDI-TOF-MS. Identification of peptide peaks was achieved on the basis of LC elution order and mass information. Further identification based on sequence information was carried out for a native peptide fractionated by microcolumn LC from a single neuron with the postsource decay technique.
Bilateral Poly Implant Prothèse Implant Rupture (2013)

A woman in her 50s underwent delayed bilateral Poly Implant Prothèse implant reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer. Symptoms of implant rupture developed 43 months after surgery with an erythematous rash on her trunk. The rash then spread to her reconstructed breast mounds. Initial ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging were normal; however, subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated left implant rupture only. In theater, following removal of both implants, both were found to be ruptured. The rash on her trunk resolved within 3 weeks in the postoperative period. Chemical analyses of silicone in both implants confirmed a nonauthorized silicone source; in addition, the chemical structure was significantly different between the left and right implant, perhaps explaining the variation in presentation.
Experiments on the synthesis of tetracycline. Part VI. Oxidation and reduction of potential ring A precursors (1971)

The reduction of substituted orcinol derivatives to dihydroaromatic compounds [specifically 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dienecarboxamide (V)] is described. Attempted application of this reduction to the 3-dimethylamino-derivative (VI; R1= NH2, R2= Me, R3= NMe2) was unsuccessful. As an alternative route, the addition of a nitrene to the double bond of an enol ether was studied.The oxidation of a number of orcinol derivatives to the corresponding hydroxy-quinones is described. Attempts to hydrate these quinones were unsuccessful.The formation of certain ortho-acyloxycyclohexadienones from phenols by use of lead tetra-acetate is described. For the preparation of the starting phenols, boron trichloride is a convenient demethylating agent. Our results indicate that this reagent, contrary to previous reports, may cause selective demethylation para to a carbonyl group in certain polyoxygenated benzenes.
n-type silicon solar cells with amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction rear emitter (2010)

We present the first silicon solar cells processed at Fraunhofer ISE featuring an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction rear emitter and a diffused front surface field. In this work, we focus on the optimization of the silicon heterojunction rear emitter of n-type silicon solar cells with regards to the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon a-Si:H(i) and boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon a-Si:H(p) layer thickness and the influence of a transparent conducting oxide layer on the rear emitter surface. Efficiencies up to 19.1% (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> = 687 mV, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> = 34.9 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , FF = 79.9%) have been reached for non-textured solar cells on n-type absorbers. Furthermore, we attained an efficiency of 19.8% on textured p-type absorbers featuring an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction rear emitter.
Dynamic Searchable Encryption via Blind Storage (2014)

Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption allows a client to store a dynamic collection of encrypted documents with a server, and later quickly carry out keyword searches on these encrypted documents, while revealing minimal information to the server. In this paper we present a new dynamic SSE scheme that is simpler and more efficient than existing schemes while revealing less information to the server than prior schemes, achieving fully adaptive security against honest-but-curious servers. We implemented a prototype of our scheme and demonstrated its efficiency on datasets from prior work. Apart from its concrete efficiency, our scheme is also simpler: in particular, it does not require the server to support any operation other than upload and download of data. Thus the server in our scheme can be based solely on a cloud storage service, rather than a cloud computation service as well, as in prior work. In building our dynamic SSE scheme, we introduce a new primitive called Blind Storage, which allows a client to store a set of files on a remote server in such a way that the server does not learn how many files are stored, or the lengths of the individual files, as each file is retrieved, the server learns about its existence (and can notice the same file being downloaded subsequently), but the file's name and contents are not revealed. This is a primitive with several applications other than SSE, and is of independent interest.
Phase I trial of the triplet M6620 (formerly VX970) + veliparib + cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2018)

2549 Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia-related (ATR) protein kinase is central to the repair of damaged DNA through the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, activating phosphorylation cascades that culminate in cell cycle arrest to allow time for DNA damage repair (DDR). M6620 is an ATR inhibitor with antitumor activity across a range of cell lines. Veliparib (ABT-888), an oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor, plays a pivotal role in DDR response through the base excision repair pathway, with clinical evidence of antitumor activity in combination with cisplatin in BRCA mutation carriers. As DNA damage and antitumor activity of platinum results from DNA cross-links that stall replication forks and halt transcription, this trial evaluates if veliparib together with M6620 impair DNA repair by inducing a “BRCA null”-like phenotype that potentiates the antitumor activity of cisplatin. Methods: Open label phase I trial of the M6620+veliparib+cisplatin combination; 3+3 design, 21-day cycle: cisplatin 40mg/m2 intravenously (IV) Day 1 [Day 8 added from dose level (DL)3]; M6620 (M) IV Days 2+9; Veliparib (V) orally twice daily Days 1-3 and 8-10. Prior platinum, PARPi therapy permitted. Response: RECIST 1.1. Results: 23 patients(pts) enrolled, 22pts evaluable for response. 3/22pts confirmed partial responses (PR) lasting > 4cycles (range 4-15): 1pt with BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer (DL3), 1pt with esophageal cancer/biallelic loss of ATM (DL4); 1pt with NSCL cancer/ATM mutation (DL5); all remain on study. 12/22pts have stable disease: median time on study 5 cycles (range 3-10). DL3+4 expanded for dose limiting toxicity: grade 4 hypophosphatemia and thrombocytopenia respectively (1pt, 4%). Other adverse events: grade 3 thrombocytopenia (6pts, 27%), leucopenia (5pts, 22%), lymphopenia (4pts, 18%). Maximally tolerated dose (MTD) not reached for the combination, currently enrolling DL7: V 200mg, M 210mg/m2. Conclusions: combination is safe and shows anti-tumor activity in HR-compromised tumors. Planned biomarker assessment at MTD includes γH2AX, RAD51, pNbs1, and pATR in tumor biopsies and circulating tumor cells using a validated, quantitative immunofluorescence assay. Clinical trial information: NCT02723864.
Recognizing action events from multiple viewpoints (2002)

A first step towards an understanding of the semantic content in a video is the reliable detection and recognition of actions performed by objects. This is a difficult problem due to the enormous variability in an action's appearance when seen from different viewpoints and/or at different times. In this paper we address the recognition of actions by taking a novel approach that models actions as special types of 3D objects. Specifically, we observe that any action can be represented as a generalized cylinder, called the action cylinder. Reliable recognition is achieved by recovering the viewpoint transformation between the reference (model) and given action cylinders. A set of 8 corresponding points from time-wise corresponding cross-sections is shown to be sufficient to align the two cylinders under perspective projection. A surprising conclusion from visualizing actions as objects is that rigid, articulated, and nonrigid actions can all be modeled in a uniform framework.
A new functional model for wireless communication class-AB solid-state bipolar power amplifiers (2011)

In this paper a new functional model for the class-AB solid-state bipolar power amplifiers is presented. The model, based on a Fourier sine-series is simple and can provide closed-form expressions for the intermodulation products resulting from exciting the power amplifier by a multisinusoidal signal. The special case of a two-tone equal-amplitude signal is considered in detail. The proposed model can be used to build a database for the intermodulation performance of the class-AB bipolar SSPAs excited by a multisinusoidal signal.
Context dependence of teacher practices in middle school science (2012)

Conventional wisdom is that teachers have a model of teaching that they enact in the classroom. We studied middle school science teachers and found that the conventional wisdom does not explain large variations in practices for the same teachers in different contexts. During a study of PhET simulations, we observed two teachers in their regular (non-sim) classes and then in after-school classes in which they used PhET sims and activities developed by the PhET group. These activities were designed to be student-centered and inquiry-based. We find that one teacher led student-centered, inquiry-based activity in their regular classes but, in the after-school classes, controlled the classroom so that the sim activities were teacher-centered. The other teacher led teacher-centered regular classes, while enacting the sim activities in student-centered ways. We observe that teachers’ practices can be significantly different across contexts, suggesting a sophisticated view of teacher practice is needed.
Implementation of a service platform for online games (2004)

Large-scale multiplayer online games require considerable investment in hosting infrastructures. However, the difficulty of predicting the success of a new title makes investing in dedicated server and network resources very risky. A shared infrastructure based on utility computing models to support multiple games offers an attractive option for game providers whose core competency is not in managing large server deployments.In this paper we describe a prototype implementation of a shared, on demand service platform for online games. The platform builds on open standards and off-the-shelf software developed to support utility computing offerings for Web-based business applications. We describe our early experience with identifying appropriate performance metrics for provisioning game servers and with implementing the platform components that we consider essential for its acceptance.
PROPRIÉTÉS DES NIVEAUX INDUITS PAR LES NEUTRONS DANS LE THORIUM 232 ET LE GADOLINIUM (1968)

Les largeurs neutroniques réduites de 232Th furent déterminées d'après la mesure de sa section efficace totale d'interaction avec des neutrons lents (E ⩽ 3 keV). Leur distribution montre un manque de petits niveaux en même temps qu'un excès de très petites valeurs de Γ0n qui peuvent être interprétées comme dues à des interactions avec des ondes "p". Nous donnons des valeurs des fonctions densité S0 et S1. Des valeurs des espacements moyens des niveaux des isotopes impairs de Gd sont également indiquées.
Deep learning for COVID-19 chest CT (computed tomography) image analysis: A lesson from lung cancer (2021)

As a recent global health emergency, the quick and reliable diagnosis of COVID-19 is urgently needed. Thus, many artificial intelligence (AI)-base methods are proposed for COVID-19 chest CT (computed tomography) image analysis. However, there are very limited COVID-19 chest CT images publicly available to evaluate those deep neural networks. On the other hand, a huge amount of CT images from lung cancer are publicly available. To build a reliable deep learning model trained and tested with a larger scale dataset, the proposed model builds a public COVID-19 CT dataset, containing 1186 CT images synthesized from lung cancer CT images using CycleGAN. Additionally, various deep learning models are tested with synthesized or real chest CT images for COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 classification. In comparison, all models achieve excellent results in accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score for both synthesized and real COVID-19 CT images, demonstrating the reliable of the synthesized dataset. The public dataset and deep learning models can facilitate the development of accurate and efficient diagnostic testing for COVID-19.
Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle‐age adults: A prospective study (2005)

These data suggest that the presence of asymptomatic, non-full-thickness medial tibiofemoral cartilage defects identifies healthy individuals most likely to lose knee cartilage in the absence of radiographic knee OA. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing or reversing cartilage defects may reduce the risk of subsequent knee OA.
A Facile Synthesis of SmCo5 Magnets from Core/Shell Co/Sm2O3 Nanoparticles (2007)

SmCo5 magnets are synthesized by the facile Ca reduction of core/shell-structured Co/Sm2O3 nanoparticles, as schematically illustrated in the figure. The magnets exhibit coercivities reaching 24 kOe at 100 K and 8 kOe at room temperature. The synthesis represents an important first step towards the fabrication of SmCo-based exchange-spring nanocomposites for high-performance permanent magnet applications.