gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Sun Protection Factor: A New Sun Protection Factor Based on Free Radicals Generated by UV Irradiation (2004)

The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is restricted to the UVA part of the sun spectrum. The quantitative measurement of free radicals generated in human skin biopsies by means of electron spin resonance X-band spectroscopy allows to determine a new total SPF. This new sun protection index covers all UVA/UVB wavelengths taking into account their effects in the epidermis as well as the dermis. Use of skin biopsies avoids exposure of human volunteers to potentially harmful radiations. The new index is always practically equal or lower than the in vivo SPF depending on the level of a product's UVA/UVB photoprotection balance. With this, we propose to name this new protection index 'integrated sun protection factor'.
DominantARL3-related retinitis pigmentosa (2019)

Our study confirms that the ARL3 missense variant p.(Tyr90Cys) causes retinitis pigmentosa. In 2016, Strom et al. reported the exact same variant in a mother and two children with RP, labelled ?RP83 in the OMIM database. Now the questionmark can be removed, and ARL3 should be added to the list of genes that may cause non-syndromic dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
Two-dimensional nonseparable multiwavelet transform and its application (2002)

Two-dimensional compactly supported, orthogonal non-separable multiwavelets and filter-banks are presented. We investigate the general subset of multiwavelets with a corresponding polyphase matrix that can be factored as a product of degree-1 factors in one variable. We consider in particular multiwavelets with vanishing moments. The number of vanishing moments that can be achieved increases with the increase in the McMillan degrees of the multiwavelet polyphase matrix. We design multiwavelets with vanishing moments by solving a set of nonlinear constraints on the free parameters defining the multiwavelet polyphase matrix. Design examples are given for the quincunx sampling scheme. We also show that imposing the requirement of linear phase in the case of order-factorable multiwavelets, imposes a simple constraint on each of its polynomial order-1 factors. We thus obtain a simple and complete method of constructing orthogonal order-factorable multiwavelets with linear phase. Finally, the application of the multiwavelet transform in image coding and compression is presented.
Evaluation of Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs Fed with or without Ractopamine HCl (2017)

Previous research has shown that increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio up to 24.5% in finishing pigs fed ractopamine HCl (RAC) improved ADG by 0.15 and 0.08 lb/d in comparison with ratios of 18 and 21%, respectively. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of feeding higher SID Trp:Lys ratios with and without RAC on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 1,101 pigs (PIC 1050 × 327, initially 218.9 lb BW) was used in a 30-d experiment. Pens of 26 pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial, with main effects of RAC (0 or 10 ppm) and SID Trp:Lys (20, 24, and 28%) with 7 replications per treatment. Diets with and without RAC were formulated to 0.90 and 0.66% SID lysine, respectively. Overall (d 0 to 30), RAC × SID Trp:Lys interactions were observed (linear, P < 0.05) where increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio in pigs fed RAC improved BW, ADG, and F/G; however, these criteria decreased when pigs did not receive diets containing RAC. Similarly, RAC × SID Trp:Lys interactions were observed (linear, P < 0.05) for carcass criteria with improvements in carcass ADG, carcass G:F, and HCW when pigs were fed increasing SID Trp:Lys in diets containing RAC, but not without RAC. In summary, increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio to more than 20% improved growth and carcass performance when diets contained RAC, whereas for pigs fed diets without RAC, increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio to more than 20% had poorer performance.
Consonant Recognition as a Function of the Number of Channels of Stimulation by Patients Who Use the Symbion Cochlear Implant (1989)

The intelligibility of a 16-item consonant set was assessed for 10 patients who use the Symbion four-channel cochlear implant. The patients were selected on the basis of “good” speech recognition scores. For each patient, consonant intelligibility was assessed when his/her processor was configured to pass from one to four channels of information. The results suggest, most generally, that two channels, one low frequency and one high frequency, provide most of the information about consonant identity.
An elderly man with syncope caused by right ventricular infarction and anomalous coronary vasculature. (2006)

Up to half of inferior infarctions involve the right ventricle. Typical signs of right ventricular infarction include hypotension, jugular venous distention, clear lung fields, ST-segment depression in V1 and V2, and elevations in V3R and V4R.
Pattern analysis of cipher text: A combined approach (2013)

In this paper, we propose and implement a combined approach for identification of a given unknown sample of cipher text. In the first part of system, cipher text samples are generated randomly using different cipher algorithms. In the second part; the system analyses sample through a) Block Length/stream Detection b) Entropy/Reoccurrence Analysis c) Dictionary and Decision tree based approach. All these blocks analyzethe sample simultaneously. The block length/stream detection is done through counting the block length and by comparing to known sample's patterns. Whereas, the Entropy/reoccurrence analysis and Dictionary-Decision tree based approaches are done through the large data set characterization. At last, in the third part; the different block results are compared and result is generated. Finally, we analyze the system with unknown ciphertext samplesof AES, DES and Blow Fish, which is generated in random fashion and given as input to the system.
Prostaglandins; their biological and pharmacological role. (1978)

The biological and pharmacological roles of prostaglandin system are reviewed. The most recent and important finding is the isolation and characterization of endoperoxides, thromboxanes and prostacyclin. In many respect they seem to be even more effective than the original prostaglandins and could explain many actions previously attributed to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins, endoperoxides, thromboxanes, and prostacyclin seem to have important physiological and pathophysiological roles, e.g. in the cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal and reproductive systems, the skin, and the central nervous system, as well as in inflammatory, immunological and metabolic reactions. Thus, prostaglandin-like substances, their analogues, prostaglandin antagonists, and the drugs that affect prostaglandin synthesis present good prospects for the treatment of many diseases affecting these systems. The mode of action of most anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be explained by actions on the prostaglandin system. New potent and selective regulators of the prostaglandin system are being investigated and more indications are being found for using existing drugs. Although the field is generally promising, there are many contradictory findings. This calls for a cautious interpretation of the many interesting observations.
Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase Is a Key Modulator of Insulin Sensitivity in Physiological Conditions and in Obesity in Mice (2012)

The molecular integration of nutrient- and pathogen-sensing pathways has become of great interest in understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one candidate molecule that may provide cross talk between inflammatory and metabolic signaling. The present study was performed to determine, first, the role of PKR in modulating insulin action and glucose metabolism in physiological situations, and second, the role of PKR in insulin resistance in obese mice. We used Pkr(-/-) and Pkr(+/+) mice to investigate the role of PKR in modulating insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet. Our data show that in lean Pkr(-/-) mice, there is an improvement in insulin sensitivity, and in glucose tolerance, and a reduction in fasting blood glucose, probably related to a decrease in protein phosphatase 2A activity and a parallel increase in insulin-induced thymoma viral oncogene-1 (Akt) phosphorylation. PKR is activated in tissues of obese mice and can induce insulin resistance by directly binding to and inducing insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 serine307 phosphorylation or indirectly through modulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β. Pkr(-/-) mice were protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance and showed improved insulin signaling associated with a reduction in c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β phosphorylation in insulin-sensitive tissues. PKR may have a role in insulin sensitivity under normal physiological conditions, probably by modulating protein phosphatase 2A activity and serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation, and certainly, this kinase may represent a central mechanism for the integration of pathogen response and innate immunity with insulin action and metabolic pathways that are critical in obesity.
Enhanced Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Schemes for LTE-Advanced (2012)

In LTE-Advanced, macro-pico heterogeneous networks (HetNet) are extensively discussed. Cell range expansion (CRE) and inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) are introduced to improve the HetNet system performance. In this paper, semi-static ICIC and dynamic ICIC methods are discussed, and the problems facing conventional dynamic ICIC methods are analyzed and investigated. Joint decision and multiple feedback schemes are proposed to enhance the system performance through appropriate selection of normal/mute transmitting status and accurate scheduling for dynamic ICIC. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve better average system performance and edge user performance than the semi-static ICIC and conventional dynamic ICIC methods, even when a reduced feedback method is used in the proposed schemes. The performance gain is as high as 9% for the average throughput and 30% for the edge user throughput with a proper bias and muting ratio.
Aging-Associated Alterations in Mammary Epithelia and Stroma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (2020)

Aging is closely associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, yet there have been limited systematic studies of aging-induced alterations in the mammary gland. Here, we leverage high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a detailed transcriptomic atlas of young and aged murine mammary tissues. By analyzing epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, we identify age-dependent alterations in cell proportions and gene expression, providing evidence that suggests alveolar maturation and physiological decline. The analysis also uncovers potential pro-tumorigenic mechanisms coupled to the age-associated loss of tumor suppressor function and change in microenvironment. In addition, we identify a rare, age-dependent luminal population co-expressing hormone-sensing and secretory-alveolar lineage markers, as well as two macrophage populations expressing distinct gene signatures, underscoring the complex heterogeneity of the mammary epithelia and stroma. Collectively, this rich single-cell atlas reveals the effects of aging on mammary physiology and can serve as a useful resource for understanding aging-associated cancer risk.
Energetic Materials Trends in 5‐ and 6‐Membered Cyclic Peroxides Containing Hydroperoxy and Hydroxy Substituents (2016)

Ten peroxide compounds based upon the 3,6‐di(hydroperoxy)‐1,2‐dioxane, 2‐hydroxy‐6‐hydroperoxy‐1,2‐dioxane, 3,5‐di(hydroperoxy)‐1,2‐dioxolane, and 3‐hydroxy‐5‐hydroperoxy‐1,2‐dioxolane skeletons have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and fully evaluated for their energetic materials properties. The solid‐state structures of these compounds are dominated by hydrogen bonding interactions involving the hydroperoxy and hydroxy groups. Energetic materials testing shows that most of the compounds are highly sensitive toward impact and friction, with similar properties to highly sensitive peroxides such as triacetone triperoxide. 3,5‐Diethyl‐5‐hydroperoxy‐1,2‐dioxolan‐3‐ol ( 3b ) and 3,5‐dimethyl‐5‐hydroperoxy‐1,2‐dioxolan‐3‐ol ( 5b ) have lower impact and friction sensitivities than the other compounds, with values that are appropriate for use as primary explosives.
Hexakis(pyridine)ruthenium(II) tetrafluoroborate. Molecular structure and spectroscopic properties (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHexakis(pyridine)ruthenium(II) tetrafluoroborate. Molecular structure and spectroscopic propertiesJoseph L. TempletonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 17, 4906–4917Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00511a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00511a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Organic Dye Bearing Asymmetric Double Donor-π-Acceptor Chains for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

A novel efficient metal free sensitizer containing asymmetric double donor-π-acceptor chains (DC) was synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Comparing to 3.80%, 4.40% and 4.64% for the DSSCs based on the dyes with single chain (SC1, SC2) and cosensitizers (SC1 + SC2), the overall conversion efficiency reaches 6.06% for DC-sensitized solar cells as a result of its longer electron lifetime and higher incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency.
Permeability Estimation with the Method of Cells (2001)

The Method of Cells (MC) is used to predict the permeability of preforms regardless of their architecture, and to study the effect of disturbances during preform manufacturing on the permeability of the preform. Preforms are made up of bundles of fibers called fiber tows. Different types of preforms can be produced from the same fiber tow. In the MC, a repetitive unit cell is subdivided into subcells in such a way that there is only fiber tow or air in a subcell. The pressure field in each subcell is modeled as a second order polynomial of local coordinates. The coefficients of the polynomial are estimated using a set of equations that include governing equations, boundary conditions, continuity conditions and constitutive equations. Subsequently, the flow field in the subcell is determined. The pressure is averaged at the faces of the unit cell and the pressure gradient is calculated assuming a linear pressure profile across the unit cell in all three dimensions. The velocity is averaged over the unit cell volume. Finally, overall permeability values are estimated using Darcy’s Law. The geometry of the preform varies to some extent due to several effects during production or processing; or there might be some imperfections in the preform, such as improper stitches. The permeability is influenced by both of these disturbances. By varying the properties of the subcells in the model, the effect of these disturbances on the permeability can be evaluated.
Packed glassy carbon tube atomizer for direct determinations by atomic absorption spectrometry, free from background absorption (1994)

An electrothermal atomizer consisting of a long glassy carbon tube packed with activated charcoal was evaluated for the direct determination of trace elements in biological materials by atomic absorption spectrometry, in the absence of any background absorption. The maximum temperature of the atomizer of 2280 °C was maintained continuously by an electric power supply of about 7 kW. Under such isothermal conditions, few chemical interferences and high accuracy (relative error <8%) and precision (RSO <3.5%) were obtained in the direct determination of trace elements (Cu, Mg and Mn) in National Institute of Standards and Technology biological Standard Reference Materials by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry.
Virtues of Mueller matrix imaging for underwater target detection (1999)

We present a theoretical analysis on use of polarized light in the detection of a model target in a scattering and absorbing medium similar to seawater. Monte Carlo numerical simulations are used in the calculation of the effective Mueller matrix which describes the scattering process. A target in the shape of a disk is divided into three regions, each of which has the same albedo but different reduced Mueller matrices. Contrast between various parts of the target and background is analyzed in the images created by ordinary radiance, by various elements of the Mueller matrix, and by certain suitable combinations of these elements. It is shown that the application of polarized light has distinct advantages in target detection and characterization when compared with use of unpolarized light.
An O(KN lg N) algorithm for optimum K-level quantization on histograms of N points (1989)

Optimum quantization is a fundamental problem in digital signal processing and information theory. In 1964 Bruce [1] devised a polynomial-time algorithm to solve this particular non-linear programming problem using the dynamic programming technique. For the mean-square error measure and when the amplitude density function of the quantized signal is represented by a histogram of N points, Bruce's algorithm can generate the optimum K-level quantizer in O(KN2) time. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm which can do the same job with the worst-case time complexity of O(KN lg N). This is due to the discovery of some useful properties of optimum meansquare quantizers and an innovative algorithm structure combining the two algorithmic techniques, dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer. This algorithm structure contributes a new effective methodology to the design of efficient algorithms. Finally the paper outlines a more sophisticated algorithm which can reduce both the time and space complexity of the O(KN lg N) algorithm derived in the paper.
Memory effect of diethylamine mobile phase additive on chiral separations on polysaccharide stationary phases (2004)

The existence of a memory effect for amine additives on polysaccharide chiral stationary phases has often been suggested, but not clearly demonstrated. Demonstration of this effect is made difficult by the uncertainty as to which analytes benefit from use of amine additives and, typically, an unclear history of column use. In this work, analytes were selected for differences in their behavior with and without additives. Columns were used with no prior history. A persistent memory effect was demonstrated on a CHIRALPAK AD-H column in hexane-based mobile phases. This effect was short-lived, with polar organic mobile phases. Memory was short-lived on a CHIRALCEL OJ-H column. Flushing with isopropanol was shown to remove most of the memory effect. Compounds expected to require amine additives on CHIRALCEL OD-H column did not. Acid treatment of the AD-H and OD-H columns changed their performance, which was subsequently restored by the incorporation of amine.
Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer Is Independent of the Total Number of Lymph Nodes Retrieved (2008)

Accurate staging requires an appropriate operation and a concerted pathologic effort to identify lymph nodes in the colon specimen. The total number of lymph nodes analyzed for stage III colon cancer is not a prognostic indicator of cancer-specific and disease-free survival.
Biomimetic Nanoparticles Providing Molecularly Defined Binding Sites – Protein‐Featuring Structures versus Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Core Materials and Functionalities Functional Shells Applications Products Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Optical Coherence Tomography and Lung Cancer: Increasing the Diagnostic Yield of Bronchial Biopsy (2013)

Low-risk bronchoscopy techniques for retrieving biopsy samples for the diagnosis of lung cancer are hampered by low diagnostic yields, and trans-thoracic and surgical approaches carry higher intrinsic risk of complications. We are investigating the use of optical coherence tomography to increase the diagnostic yield of bronchial biopsy.
Novel Electrode Evaluation Method for Pulse Jet Solid Oxide Fuel Cells using Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels (2021)

Pulse jet solid oxide fuel cells (PJ-SOFCs) directly supply liquid fuel through an injector, which is expected to realize a steep load followability under high fuel utilization. Moreover, the batch-type fuel supply ensures high tolerance and stability for hydrocarbon consumption. We have revealed the electrode potential behavior of a PJ-SOFC, developed and verified an electrode-reaction model, and proposed a novel evaluation method for fuel electrode performance based on this model. An electrode-reaction model based on the electrode potential behavior was then developed. This model was verified by fitting to the actual electrode potential behavior. The performance was successfully evaluated using the separately estimated rate constants of thermal decomposition and electrochemical reaction in the PJ-SOFC. The proposed electrode-reaction model and electrode evaluation method using the unsteady power generation in the PJ-SOFC are generalizable to other hydrocarbon fuels. Therefore, they are expected to become widely available for SOFC-related researches regarding hydrocarbon fuel, such as new electrode developments.
Modeling, Design, and Development of Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Finite Element Method (2015)

This work presents a comprehensive open‐source simulation and design tool for Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) using finite element method, compatible and extensible to a diverse range of soft materials and design parameters. Thorough characterization of the hyperelastic and viscoelastic behavior is illustrated using a sample soft material (Ecoflex 00_30), and an appropriate material constitutive law. SPA performance (displacement and blocked‐force) are simulated for two types of SPA and validated with experimental testing. Real‐world case studies are presented in which SPA designs are iteratively optimized through simulation to meet specified performance criteria and geometric constraints.