gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stability of dye‐sensitised solar cells (2001)

Abstract Accelerated ageing tests on large numbers of nanocrystalline dye‐sensitised solar cells (nc‐DSC) show that, to first order, separation between the effects of the stresses of visible light soaking, UV illumination and thermal treatment on long‐term stability is possible. The corresponding mechanisms are electrochemical, photochemical and purely chemical in nature. It was found that visible light soaking alone is not a dominant stress factor. A dramatic improvement in UV stability has been achieved by using MgI 2 as additive to the electrolyte. Thermal stress appears to be one of the most critical factors determining the long‐term stability of nc‐DSC and is strongly related to the chemical composition of electrolyte solvents and additives. Encouraging stability results have been obtained for cells based on pure nitrile‐based solvents: (1) A minor decrease in performance of initially 5.5% solar efficient cells has been found after 2000 h at 60°C without light soaking; (2) After 900 h ageing at 85°C, a decrease of 30% in maximum power has been observed; (3) After 3400 h of combined thermal stress and continuous light soaking (45°C, 1 sun equivalent) good stability with 15% decrease in maximum power can be demonstrated. It should be noted that such good thermal stability has not been reported previously for dye‐sensitised solar cells so far. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in T cell differentiation and as a target for peptide therapy of type 1 diabetes (2012)

CD4+ T cells are essential for proper function of the immune system. Many facets of an immune response are dependent on help from CD4+ T cells to become activated and exhibit effector function. Memory CD4+ T cells are a differentiated subset of T helper cells that give rise to long-lasted protective immunity. Differentiation to a memory phenotype from a naïve T cell that has never encountered antigen requires two signals. Costimulatory molecules send a second signal into naïve T cells that follows stimulation of the T cell receptor and greatly affects how naïve T cells activate and differentiate. The present work centers on the ability of the costimulatory molecule Intercellular Adhesion Molecile-1 (ICAM-1) to induce activation and differentiation of CD4+ naïve T cells to effector and memory phenotypes. We observed that costimulation through ICAM-1 generates a central memory-like population that is capable of migration to the lymph nodes and to a lesser extent the intestine. ICAM-1 costimulation is also capable of inducing memory differentiation after a short duration of signal but long-term costimulation is needed to generate a sizable population. In addition, costimulation of CD4+ naïve T cells from older individuals through ICAM-1 is able to produce memory cells more so than other costimulatory molecules. This suggesting that ICAM-1 could be utilized to help restore immune function during senescence. ICAM-1 and its ligand leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) also provide targets for blocking self-reactive T cells in autoimmune diseases. Peptides against ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were used in the type I diabetes NOD mouse model. We observed a significant delay in symptoms with therapeutically treated mice compared to saline control mice and stopped T cell infiltration of the pancreatic islets. Additionally, T cells from treated mice were no longer able to respond to β-cell antigen indicating a shut down of the autoreactive immune response.
Superinfection with Bacteriophage T4: Inverse Relationship Between Genetic Exclusion and Membrane Association of Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Secondary Bacteriophage (1971)

The majority of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of superinfecting T4 bacteriophage which is injected and not hydrolyzed does not attach to host cell membrane. Low levels of association of secondary phage DNA with membrane appear to be related to temporal genetic exclusion.
Antiendotoxin activity of cationic peptide antimicrobial agents (1996)

The endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria consists of a molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can be shed by bacteria during antimicrobial therapy. A resulting syndrome, endotoxic shock, is a leading cause of death in the developed world. Thus, there is great interest in the development of antimicrobial agents which can reverse rather than promote sepsis, especially given the recent disappointing clinical performance of antiendotoxin therapies. We describe here two small cationic peptides, MBI-27 and MBI-28, which have both antiendotoxic and antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo in animal models. We had previously demonstrated that these peptides bind to LPS with an affinity equivalent to that of polymyxin B. Consistent with this, the peptides blocked the ability of LPS and intact cells to induce the endotoxic shock mediator, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), upon incubation with the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. MBI-28 was equivalent to polymyxin B in its ability to block LPS induction of TNF by this cell line, even when added 60 min after the TNF stimulus. Furthermore, MBI-28 offered significant protection in a galactosamine-sensitized mouse model of lethal endotoxic shock. This protection correlated with the ability of MBI-28 to reduce LPS-induced circulating TNF by nearly 90% in this mouse model. Both MBI-27 and MBI-28 demonstrated antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in neutropenic mice.
Performance and lifetime assessment of magnetoplasmadynamic arc thruster technology (1991)

A summary of performance and lifetime characteristics of pulsed and steady-state magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters is presented. The technical focus is on cargo vehicle propulsion for exploration-class missions to the moon and Mars. Relatively high MPD thruster efficiencies of 0.43 and 0.69 have been reported at about 5000-s specific impulse using hydrogen and lithium, respectively. Efficiencies of 0.10 to 0.35 in the 1000to 4500-s specific impulse range have been obtained with other propellants (e.g., Ar, NHa, NI). Electrode power losses of less than 20% at megawatt power levels using pulsed thrusters indicate the potential of high MPD thruster performance. Extended tests of pulsed and steady-state MPD thrusters yield total impulses at least two to three orders of magnitude below that necessary for cargo vehicle propulsion. Performance tests and diagnostics for life-limiting mechanisms of megawatt-class thrusters will require high-fidelity test stands, which handle in excess of 10 kA, and a vacuum facility whose operational pressure is less than 4 x 10 ~ Pa.
Skull Base 3D Modeling of Rigid Buttress for Gasket-Seal Closure Using Operative Endoscopic Imaging: Cadaveric Feasibility (2018)

Surgical defect closure following endonasal transsphenoidal tumor resection is a critical component of procedural success. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of relevant skull base anatomy during resection can potentially facilitate design of a custom rigid buttress for gasket-seal closure; however, access to conventional cross-sectional imaging intraoperatively is limited and cumbersome. Endoscopic imaging, by contrast, is always available. This work demonstrates the feasibility of 3D modeling of the visible skull base through structure-from-motion photogrammetric postprocessing techniques, providing a suitable template to design a gasket-seal buttress. Additionally, endoscopic 3D reconstruction of skull base surface anatomy may represent a more robust depiction of the surgical defect than is available by conventional 3D modeling with computed tomography, which suboptimally recapitulates very thin bones and mucosal surfaces typical of this regional anatomy.
Least-squares migration of VSP seismic data: A case study from Saudi Arabia (2017)

Vertical-seismic-profile (VSP) migrated images often suffer from migration artifacts and acquisition fingerprint as they have a limited number of deployed sources and receivers to acquire the field data. The limited aperture, small number of sources and receivers, and the bandlimited nature of the source wavelet yield migrated sections with poor spatial resolution. The spatial resolution of the acoustic P-wave image could further deteriorate in the presence of strong mode-converted shear waves and/or multiples in the data. The shear energy will give rise to the presence of cross-talk noise in the migrated images. We therefore applied the least-squares migration method to alleviate these problems. Our tests on both synthetic and field VSP data demonstrate the ability of least-squares migration to suppress the artifacts and shear-wave cross-talk, deconvolve the source wavelet and acquisition fingerprint, and enhance the spatial resolution of the final migrated images. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 3:30 PM Location: 371A Presentation Type: ORAL
In vivo dosimetry using a single diode for megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy: Implementation and response characterization (2001)

The AAPM Task Group 40 reported that in vivo dosimetry can be used to identify major deviations in treatment delivery in radiation therapy. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using one single diode to perform in vivo dosimetry in the entire radiotherapeutic energy range regardless of its intrinsic buildup material. The only requirement on diode selection would be to choose a diode with the adequate build up to measure the highest beam energy. We have tested the new diodes from Sun Nuclear Corporation (called QED and ISORAD-p--both p-type) for low-, intermediate-, and high-energy range. We have clinically used both diode types to monitor entrance doses. In general, we found that the dose readings from the ISORAD (p-type) are closer of the dose expected than QED diodes in the clinical setting. In this paper we report on the response of these newly available ISORAD (p-type) diode detectors with respect to certain radiation field parameters such as source-to-surface distance, field size, wedge beam modifiers, as well as other parameters that affect detector characteristics (temperature and detector-beam orientation). We have characterized the response of the high-energy ISORAD (p-type) diode in the low- (1-4 MV), intermediate- (6-12 MV), and high-energy (15-25 MV) range. Our results showed that the total variation of the response of high-energy ISORAD (p-type) diodes to all the above parameters are within +/-5% in most encountered clinical patient treatment setups in the megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy. The usage of the high-energy buildup diode has the additional benefit of amplifying the response of the diode reading in case the wrong energy is used for patient treatment. In the light of these findings, we have since then switched to using only one single diode type, namely the "red" diode; manufacturer designation of the ISORAD (p-type) high-energy (15-25 MV) range diode, for all energies in our institution and satellites.
Analytical Validation of a High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Assay (2009)

The analytical performance of hs-cTnT complies with the ESC-ACCF-AHA-WHF Global Task Force recommendations for use in the diagnosis of MI.
A Remote Rehabilitation System using Kinect Stereo Camera (2016)

Rehabilitation exercises are the treatments designed to help patients who are in the process of recovery from injury or illness to restore their body functions back to the original status. However, many patients suffering from chronic diseases have found difficulties visiting hospitals for the rehabilitation program due to lack of transportation, cost of the program, their own busy schedules, etc. Also, the program usually contains a few medical check-ups which can cause patients to feel uncomfortable. In this paper, we develop a remote rehabilitation system with bio-signals by a stereo camera. A Kinect stereo camera manufactured by Microsoft corporation was used to recognize the body movement of a patient by using its infrared(IR) camera. Also, we detect the chest area of a user from the skeleton data and process to gain respiratory status. ROI coordinates are created on a user's face to detect photoplethysmography(PPG) signals to calculate heart rate values from its color sensor. Finally, rehabilitation exercises and bio-signal detecting features are combined into a Windows application for the cost effective and high performance remote rehabilitation system.
I n s i t u scanning tunneling microscopy observation of surface roughness of electrochemically modified Ag under potentiostatic control in conjunction with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1990)

A morphological transformation of Ag electrode in 0.1 mol dm −3 KCl has been studied by in situ STM observation by controlling the electrode potential during a single electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycle (ORC) treatment in conjunction with SERS. Prior to the oxidation the Ag electrode surface has ellipsoidal structures. After the single oxidation treatment electrochemical formation of AgCl clusters and adatoms occurred at the edge of ellipsoidal structures. These species were stripped by the reduction processes. A single ORC treated Ag surface has roughness on an atomic scale due to the presence of residual AgCl clusters, adatoms, and adsorbed chloride ions. The ORC treated surface has roughness characteristics more suitable for observing the SERS effect than the electrochemically untreated surface.
Characteristics of mismatched twin-core fiber spectral filters (1998)

Both bandstop and bandpass filters can be easily implemented with mismatched twin-core fibers designed to phase-match at a certain wavelength. These filters are highly stable with very low temperature and strain sensitivity. We studied the spectral quality of these filters and that of cascaded filters designed to achieve improved bandpass response. We have also demonstrated the feasibility of achieving designed loss profile from these filters. This is very useful in gain spectrum flattening in Er-doped fiber amplifiers.
Highly multiplexed targeted plasma proteomics quantifies several hundred blood proteins in serum from colorectal carcinoma patients (2022)

Abstract The rapid analysis of human serum and plasma can provide deep insights into changes of the blood proteome in response to different patient treatments or diseases. Targeted proteomics techniques, like SRM and PRM, can be utilized to monitor proteins at high sensitivitym but so far were limited to smaller protein panels, which can be monitored in one experiment. The recently, on a Bruker tims-TOF pro mass spectrometer, developed parallel reaction monitoring-parallel accumulation − serial fragmentation (prm-PASEF) method expands the standard PRM method by using ion-mobility. The use of ion mobility as a fourth separation dimension increases the proteome coverage while reducing the length of the necessary chromatogeaphic separation. By combining an isotope-labeled reference standard, which covers 579 plasma proteins, we were able to quantify 565 proteins in plasma using prm-PASEF, with the least abundant protein being quantified at 7 amol. We continued the analysis by combining the isotype-labeled reference standard with dia-PASEF, which allowed the quantification of 549 proteins. Both methods were used to analyze 20 patient plasma samples from a colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort. The analysis identified 16 differentially regulated proteins between the CRC patient and control individual plasma samples. 15 of the 16 proteins showed a high correlation to the mRNA expression in CRC tumor samples, showing the technique’ s potential for the rapid identification of potential biomarkers in larger cohorts, abolishing the need for preselection of potential biomarker proteins. Graphical abstract
Artificial Intelligence-Based Controller for Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Generators (2022)

This paper aims at developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based controllers for grid-forming inverter-based generators. The paper illustrates the relevance of the controller on a simplified isolated microgrid. The adopted AI approach relies on supervised learning, thus implying the need for training datasets. Firstly, the case study and the use cases were selected, and the scenarios were defined to create the training datasets from an experimentally validated virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller. The use cases represent the black-start of the grid-forming inverter and the variation of the load demands as well as its characteristics. Then, the collected datasets were used to train the AI model, which was integrated in the control of a simulated inverter for testing and comparison with the VSG controller on the selected use cases. The proposed AI-based controller ensures the stability of a simplified microgrid, maintaining voltage and frequency at their nominal values. The continuity of supply is guaranteed and robust to changes in loads characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed controller shows fast responses to load variations in addition to high stability during the transitions between loads.
REGULATION OF PROTEIN FUNCTION BY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS—AS EXEMPLIFIED BY CHEMOKINES (2003)

Immune modulators such as cytokines and growth factors exert their biological activity through high-affinity interactions with cell-surface receptors, thereby activating specific signaling pathways. However, many of these molecules also participate in low-affinity interactions with another class of molecules, referred to as proteoglycans. Proteoglycans consist of a protein core to which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are attached. The GAGs are long, linear, sulfated, and highly charged heterogeneous polysaccharides that are expressed throughout the body in different forms, depending on the developmental or pathological state of the organ/organism. They participate in many biological functions, including organogenesis and growth control, cell adhesion, signaling, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and interactions with pathogens. Recently, it was demonstrated that certain chemokines require interactions with GAGs for their in vivo function. The GAG interaction is thought to provide a mechanism for retaining chemokines on cell surfaces, facilitating the formation of chemokine gradients. These gradients serve as directional cues to guide the migration of the appropriate cells in the context of their inflammatory, developmental, and homeostatic functions. In this review, we discuss GAGs and their interaction with proteins, with a special emphasis on the chemokine system.
A Review on Human-Computer Interaction and Intelligent Robots (2019)

In the field of artificial intelligence, human–computer interaction (HCI) technology and its related intelligent robot technologies are essential and interesting contents of research. From the perspective of software algorithm and hardware system, these above-mentioned technologies study and try to build a natural HCI environment. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of HCI and intelligent robots. This research highlights the existing technologies of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and other senses, which are widely used in human interaction. Based on these same technologies, this research introduces some intelligent robot systems and platforms. This paper also forecasts some vital challenges of researching HCI and intelligent robots. The authors hope that this work will help researchers in the field to acquire the necessary information and technologies to further conduct more advanced research.
Lower esophageal mucosal ring: correlation of referred symptoms with radiographic findings using a marshmallow bolus. (1998)

Because proximal referral of symptoms is common in patients with lower esophageal mucosal rings, a thorough radiographic examination of the entire esophagus and esophagogastric region is required regardless of the level of their swallowing complaints.
Der Einfluss der Wartezeit auf die OePNV-Qualitaet: Berechnungsgrundlagen und praktische Anwendung (2002)

Taktfrequenz und Verspaetungsniveau sind im Oeffentlichen Personennahverkehr (OePNV) qualitaetsbestimmende Angebotskomponenten von besonderer Bedeutung. Beide fliessen ein in die Wartezeit, die der OePNV-Nutzer an der Haltestelle verbringen muss. Es wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, die beiden Komponenten isoliert zu quantifizieren. An zwei Anwendungsbeispielen wird die Marktwirksamkeil veraenderter Puenktlichkeitsniveaus aufgezeigt.
Direct spray drying and microencapsulation of probioticLactobacillus reuterifrom slurry fermentation with whey (2013)

Exploiting whey as a bacterial substrate and encapsulation matrix within a coupled fermentation and spray-drying process offers an efficient option for industrial production of vital probiotics.
An Improved Biomimetic Formal Synthesis of Abyssomicin C and atrop‐Abyssomicin C (2020)

Biomimetic approaches towards the synthesis of abysssomicin C and atrop ‐abyssomicin C are based on a powerful intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction (IMDA) of a butenolide derivative attached to a keto‐triene side chain, where the stereogenic centers and the carbon framework are established in one step. The synthesis of the IMDA precursor is based on an ionic coupling of methyl γ‐methylene‐β‐tetronate with various aldehydes. However, the low yields of the coupling and the high sensitivity of the precursor hampered the efficiency of the developed routes and should be met. In the present work, a modified aldehyde is coupled with methyl γ‐methylene‐β‐tetronate, in a substantially higher yield. Asymmetric synthesis of this aldehyde is based on the use of the widely available and cheap Amano lipase AK. In addition, the development of a highly convenient one‐pot oxidation‐IMDA reaction protocol obviates the isolation of the sensitive IMDA‐precursor and augments the yield towards the carbocyclic skeleton of abysssomicin C and atrop ‐abyssomicin C.
Study on reaction characteristics of coal hydrogasification. (1984)

In order to estimate a suitable condition for the production of high calorie gas by the hydrogasification of coal, Taiheiyo coal was gasified continuously with hydrogen, and the yield of each product or the composition of gas produced was measured. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 714-775°C and 0-50 kg/cm2G. The feed rate of the coal ranged from 0.256 to 1.47 kg/hr and of hydrogen ranged from 0.113 to 1.059 m3/hr.The volume of methane produced was in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 m3/kg-coal, and it depended strongly on the feeding ratio of coal to hydrogen. The other factors, such as the hydrogen pressure and the coal feed rate, did not affect obviously on the evolution of methan. The yield and the viscosity of tar decreased with the residence time of gas in a reactor. The coal conversion was ranged from 0.38-0.55 kg/kg-coal and it depended on the feeding ratio of coal to hydrogen. The total heat value of the residual char was in good linear relation to the coal conversion.
Surfactant-free synthesis of a nanoperforated graphene/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite for supercapacitors (2017)

A nanoperforated graphene/carbon nanotube (PG/CNT) composite is fabricated by electrostatic interaction of graphene oxide (GO) and nitrogen-doped CNTs, and subsequent catalytic carbon gasification.
A pilot study evaluating adaptive closed‐loop fluid resuscitation during states of absolute and relative hypovolemia in dogs (2018)

Closed-loop fluid administration based on IV fluid distribution and compartmental dynamical systems can be used to provide goal directed fluid therapy during absolute or relative hypovolemia in mechanically ventilated isoflurane anesthetized dogs.
“NextGen” Biologics: Bispecific Antibodies and Emerging Clinical Results (2016)

A comprehensive presentation of preclinical data and clinical trials evaluating the various formats of BsAbs indicate their safety and efficacy. However, a vast opportunity to fine tune physical properties and functional activity of biologics to improve the stability, engagement of cytotoxic CD8 T cells and multi-antigen targeting strategy through protein engineering holds a greater therapeutic potential.