gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice (2016)

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or intraabdominal infection. The precise mechanisms underlying adhesion formation are poorly understood. Many compounds and physical barriers have been tested for their ability to prevent adhesions after surgery with varying levels of success. The mouse and rat are important models for the study of abdominal adhesions. Several different techniques for the creation of adhesions in the mouse and rat exist in the literature. Here we describe a protocol utilizing abrasion of the cecum with sandpaper and sutures placed in the right abdominal sidewall. The mouse is anesthetized and the abdomen is prepped. A midline laparotomy is created and the cecum is identified. Sandpaper is used to gently abrade the surface of the cecum. Next, several figure-of-eight sutures are placed into the peritoneum of the right abdominal sidewall. The abdominal cavity is irrigated, a small amount of starch is applied, and the incision is closed. We have found that this technique produces the most consistent adhesions with the lowest mortality rate.
Raven-II: An Open Platform for Surgical Robotics Research (2012)

The Raven-II is a platform for collaborative research on advances in surgical robotics. Seven universities have begun research using this platform. The Raven-II system has two 3-DOF spherical positioning mechanisms capable of attaching interchangeable four DOF instruments. The Raven-II software is based on open standards such as Linux and ROS to maximally facilitate software development. The mechanism is robust enough for repeated experiments and animal surgery experiments, but is not engineered to sufficient safety standards for human use. Mechanisms in place for interaction among the user community and dissemination of results include an electronic forum, an online software SVN repository, and meetings and workshops at major robotics conferences.
The effect of composition and thermodynamics on the surface morphology of durable superhydrophobic polymer coatings (2017)

Durable superhydrophobic coatings were synthesized using a system of silica nanoparticles (NPs) to provide nanoscale roughness, fluorosilane to give hydrophobic chemistry, and three different polymer binders: urethane acrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and epoxy. Coatings composed of different binders incorporating NPs in various concentrations exhibited different superhydrophobic attributes when applied on polycarbonate (PC) and glass substrates and as a function of coating composition. It was found that the substrate surface characteristics and wettability affected the superhydrophobic characteristics of the coatings. Interfacial tension and spreading coefficient parameters (thermodynamics) of the coating components were used to predict the localization of the NPs for the different binders' concentrations. The thermodynamic analysis of the NPs localization was in good agreement with the experimental observations. On the basis of the thermodynamic analysis and the experimental scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy results, it was concluded that localization of the NPs on the surface was critical to provide the necessary roughness and resulting superhydrophobicity. The durability evaluated by tape testing of the epoxy formulations was the best on both glass and PC. Several coating compositions retained their superhydrophobicity after the tape test. In summary, it was concluded that thermodynamic analysis is a powerful tool to predict the roughness of the coating due to the location of NPs on the surface, and hence can be used in the design of superhydrophobic coatings.
Combining Gaussianized/Non-Gaussianized Features to Improve Speaker Diarization of Telephone Conversations (2007)

We report results on speaker diarization of telephone conversations. This speaker diarization process is similar to the multistage segmentation and clustering system used in broadcast news. It consists of an initial acoustic change point detection algorithm, iterative Viterbi re-segmentation, gender labeling, agglomerative clustering using a Bayesian information criterion (BIC), followed by agglomerative clustering using state-of-the-art speaker identification (SID) methods and Viterbi re-segmentation using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). We repeat these multistage segmentation and clustering steps twice: once with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as feature parameters for the GMMs used in gender labeling, SID, and Viterbi re-segmentation steps and another time with Gaussianized MFCCs as feature parameters for the GMMs used in these three steps. The resulting clusters from the parallel runs are combined in a novel way that leads to a significant reduction in the diarization error rate (DER). On a development set containing 30 telephone conversations, this combination step reduced the DER by 20%. On another test set containing 30 telephone conversations, this step reduced the DER by 13%. The best error rate we have achieved is 6.7% on the development set and 9.0% on the test set.
JANAF thermochemical tables, 1978 supplement (1978)

The thermodynamic tabulations previously published in NSRDS–NBS 37, the 1974 Supplement (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 3, 311 (1974), and the 1975 Supplement (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4, 1 (1975) are extended by 131 new and revised tables. The JANAF Thermochemical Tables cover the thermodynamic properties over a wide temperature range with single phase tables for the crystal, liquid, and ideal gas state. The properties given are heat capacity, entropy, Gibbs energy function, enthalpy, enthalpy of formation, Gibbls energy of formation, and the logarithm of the equilibrium constant for formation of each compound from the elements in their standard reference states. Each tabulation lists all pertinent input data and contains a critical evaluation of the literature upon which these values are based. Literature references are given.
Endometrial stem cells in regenerative medicine (2014)

First described in 2004, endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) are adult stem cells isolated from the endometrial tissue. EnSCs comprise of a population of epithelial stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and side population stem cells. When secreted in the menstrual blood, they are termed menstrual stem cells or endometrial regenerative cells. Mounting evidence suggests that EnSCs can be utilized in regenerative medicine. EnSCs can be used as immuno-modulatory agents to attenuate inflammation, are implicated in angiogenesis and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and can also be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, EnSCs can be used in tissue engineering applications and there are several clinical trials currently in place to ascertain the therapeutic potential of EnSCs. This review highlights the progress made in EnSC research, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo.
Emotive communication in Japanese : An introduction (2006)

It has become well recognized that affective dimensions of language constitute an integral part of the linguistic system. Japanese provides a prime example of the significance of emotivity as it has grammaticalized a wide variety of expressions to communicate affective information. The collected articles demonstrate the rich diversity of emotive communication in Japanese and analyze various expressions with theoretical perspectives that are often independent from Western models. This volume reflects the influence of traditional Japanese scholars for whom examining affective-relational aspects of language has long been a central concern. The authors are also influenced by more recent scholars in Japanese pragmatics such as Kuno, Kamio, and Maynard. They also draw on anthropological notions used to describe Japanese society.
Proteins in the pathway from high red blood cell width distribution to all-cause mortality (2022)

This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) contract and was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIA, NIH. The InCHIANTI study was supported as a 'targeted project' by the Italian Ministry of Health and in part by the U.S. NIA.
Preventing the global burden of type 2 diabetes by improving the quality of staple foods: The Global Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition Initiative (2013)

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions globally, affecting low‐ and high‐income countries. Two main contributors have been the epidemiological transition and concomitant adverse changes in diet. We aimed to depict the current state of diabetes in light of the ongoing epidemiological and nutrition transition, and to posit that a key factor has been a shift in the type and processing of staple foods, using data from 10 countries participating in the Global Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition Initiative (GNET), a collaborative effort aiming to reduce diabetes by improving the quality of traditional foods through culturally‐appropriate interventions. We depicted the epidemiological transition using median age, life expectancy, overall death rate and cause of death, and the nutrition transition using data from food balance sheets. Main staple foods (rice, roots, tubers, wheat, corn, legumes) differed by country, with most countries undergoing a shift in principal contributors to energy in the past 60 years. A notable example was the opposing trend in percent energy from rice (positive) vs. legumes (inverse). GNET countries with pilot data have documented barriers and motivators to increase intake of high‐quality traditional foods. In summary, global research efforts to identify and promote intake of culturally‐acceptable high‐quality staple foods could play a key role in diabetes prevention.
Reaction of Sodium Metal with Aromatic Hydrocarbons1,2 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Sodium Metal with Aromatic Hydrocarbons1,2Donald E. Paul, David Lipkin, and S. I. WeissmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 1, 116–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01582a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views921Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (572 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
On the current density at the cathode of a vacuum arc (2018)

In view of the revival of activity on vacuum arcs, it is important to analyze the basic experimental data used in theory. Current density is one of the most important parameters. It is shown that the current density obtained by measuring postmortem arc craters could substantially underestimate the real current density.
Fatty Acid Composition of Some Commercial Marine Fish Feeds Available in Turkey (2008)

The fatty acid composition was determined for 14 feeds commonly available in Turkey for marine fish species, particularly sea bream and sea bass (juvenile, adult, and broodstock). Nine of the juvenile and adult fish feeds and 1 of the broodstock fish feeds were imported. The other feeds were produced in Turkey. The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) levels in the feeds of juvenile, adult, and broodstock fish were 2.5%-3.9%, 1.5%-3.5%, and 2.1%-4.9% of the dry weight of diets, respectively. Similarly, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels of these feeds were 1.4%-2.3%, 0.5%-1.8%, and 1.2%-3.0% of the dry weight of diets, respectively, and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels of the dry weight in the diets were 1.1%-1.5%, 1.0%-1.6%, and 0.8%-1.8%, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid (ArA) levels in the feeds of juvenile, adult, and broodstock fish were 0.5%-0.9%, 0.5%-0.8%, and 0.6%-0.9% of total fatty acids, respectively. The results showed that the DHA, EPA, or ArA levels and DHA/EPA ratios in the feeds of juvenile or adult sea bass and sea bream were sufficient for good growth and development. The broodstock feeds also had adequate levels of EPA, DHA, or ArA and ratios of ArA/EPA or DHA/EPA for normal reproductive performance of sea bass or sea bream broodstock.
Nova tecnologia de branqueamento de celulose adaptada ao fechamento do circuito de água (2006)

A Celulose Nipo-Brasileira é uma das maiores produtoras de celulose kraft branqueada de eucalipto no Brasil. Produz 860.000 tsa/ano em duas linhas, que são equipadas com digestores contínuos. Ambas as linhas fabricam polpa ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) com as seqüências Dhot(EOP)D(EP)D e D(EOP)DP, respectivamente, na linha 1 e 2. A fábrica tem tratamento do efluente com lodo ativado com dois tanques de aeração com capacidade para 20.000 m³, equipados com aeradores superficiais seguidos por quatro clarificadores secundários (dois para cada reator). Nas últimas décadas, a fábrica tem otimizado e vem mudando seus processos, a fim de melhorar a preservação ambiental. Com o objetivo de reduzir o volume de efluente, DQO e carga de AOX, a seqüência Ahot(EOP)D(PO) proposta foi avaliada em testes laboratoriais, com reciclagem de filtrado parcial. Este artigo propôs a reciclagem de filtrado, que reduz o volume de efluente da fábrica em 9 m³/tsa (tonelada secada ao ar), isto é, mais ou menos 50% do total. O filtrado recuperado é parcialmente desviado para o ciclo de recuperação e para o estágio de deslignificação oxigênio. A reutilização do filtrado Ahot no ciclo de recuperação é para substituir os filtrados, atualmente usados para lavar lama de cal e "dregs". O impacto dos NPEs no ciclo de cálcio não foi significante. Essa estratégia permitiu uma recuperação de carga alcalina de 12 kg NaOH/tsa de polpa, que, do contrário, seria perdida. A branqueabilidade da polpa e a sua qualidade não foram afetadas significativamente. O efluente descartado, proveniente das etapas D(PO), mostrou-se com baixas cargas de cor, de DQO, de AOX e de uma boa biodegradabilidade (DBO5/DQO).
Dual-orthogonal polarized Vivaldi Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications (2008)

This paper presents a design of a dual polarized Vivaldi antenna. The problems that were met during the design of such an antenna are depicted and proper solutions are described. The prototype of the proposed antenna is introduced and finally the full characterization of the dual polarized antenna is given. Since UWB is originally a time domain based technique, a time domain characterization of the antenna is also included.
Transport at electrodes (2008)

Abstract This chapter is concerned with transport in the vicinity of electrodes, and hence on the coupling between Faradaic electrode processes and mass transport. It covers transport in stationary and transient condition, planar and spherical geometries, presence and absence of supporting electrolytes, as well as convective transport in hydrodynamic electrodes. Some common electrochemical techniques are also discussed, and the solutions of the corresponding transient transport problems are worked out in detail.
Effects of Waveform and Cycle Period on Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Growth in Cathodically Protected High-Strength Steels (2014)

The processes involved in corrosion fatigue in general are briefly outlined, followed by a brief review of recent studies on the effects of cycle frequency (rise times) and electrode potential on crack-growth rates at intermediate ΔK levels for cathodically protected high-strength steels. New studies concerning the effects of fall times and hold times at maximum and minimum loads on crack-growth rates (for K max values below the sustained-load SCC threshold) are presented and discussed. Fractographic observations and the data indicate that corrosion-fatigue crack-growth rates in aqueous environments depend on the concentration of hydrogen adsorbed at crack tips and at tips of nanovoids ahead of cracks. Potential-dependent electrochemical reaction rates, crack-tip strain rates, and hydrogen transport to nanovoids are therefore critical parameters. The observations are best explained by an adsorption-induced dislocation-emission (AIDE) mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement.
Force generation and wing deformation characteristics of the ’DelFly II’ MAV in hovering flight conditions (2015)

The study investigates the relation between wing deformation and unsteady force generation of the flapping-wing MAV DelFly II in hovering flight configuration. The three-dimensional wing deformation was measured with a stereo-vision system, while fluid forces were acquired simultaneously with a force sensor. Comparison of the results for different flapping frequencies reveals different wing kinematics and deformation characteristics. The high flapping frequency case produces higher forces throughout the complete flapping cycle. Moreover, a phase difference occurs in the variation of the forces, such that the low flapping frequency case precedes the high frequency case. A similar phase lag is observed in the temporal evolution of the wing deformation characteristics, suggesting that there is a direct link between the two phenomena.
Investigation of high-intensity laser-plasma interaction in multi-picosecond laser pulse length regime (2014)

Intense (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">laser</sub> >1018 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) laser-plasma interaction offers a very efficient source of fast electrons at relativistic energies, which can be used for fast-ignition inertial confinement fusion, ultra-short x-ray sources and heating matter to warm dense states. We report theoretical and particle-in-cell simulation results for characterization of fast electron source produced from intense laser interaction with solid targets at the time scale of multi-picosecond and energy scale of kilojoule. A substantial increase in both fast electron average energy and laser-electron conversion efficiency has been observed when the laser pulse length was extended from 1 to 10 picoseconds. The enhanced electron acceleration is attributed to a significant thermal preplasma expansion on several picosecond time scale that forms a long flat “shelf” at near-critical (0.1n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ~n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) density region, and ponderomotive piling-up of electrons that leads to a sharp interface at relativistic critical density γn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . Both of these eventually result in large amplitude increase and volume broadening of the electrostatic potential for electron acceleration.
Membrane-associated shortened Trk receptors promote neuroprotection and robust axon regeneration without ligands (2022)

Abstract Activation of neurotrophic factor signaling is a promising therapy for neurodegeneration. However, limited availability of both ligands and receptors permits only transient activation. In this study, we conquered this problem by inventing a new system that forces membrane localization of the intracellular domain of neurotrophin receptor TrkB, which results in constitutive activation without ligands. Our new system overcomes the small size limitation of the genome packaging in adeno-associated virus and allows high expression of the transgene. Single gene therapy using the modified form of TrkB enhances neuroprotection in mose models of glaucoma, and stimulates robust axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Our system may be also applicable to other trophic factor signaling and lead to a significant advance in the field of gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders.
Two Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Produced Against Human CD83 Molecule (2011)

CD83, a maturation marker for human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs), plays a critical role in CD4(+) T cell development as well as peripheral immune regulation. Here, two novel mouse anti-human CD83 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared and their immunological characteristics were determined. Among the two MAbs, 8B4 binds to a linear epitope whereas 1E11 recognizes a conformational epitope. Cross-linking of 8B4 but not 1E11 with CD83-Ig augments the fusion protein mediated inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thus the two MAbs may be good candidates for immunoassaying and functional exploration of CD83 molecule.
Erythropoetins in Therapy from the Point of View of a Medicinal Chemist (2019)

Hematopoietic growth factors are cytokines which stimulate growth of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation and maturation into fully functional blood cells, either erythrocytes or various types of white blood cells. Erythropoietin is a glycosylated peptide hormone which stimulates production of red blood cells. It is used for treatment of anaemia caused by a chronic kidney failure. For therapeutic purposes, it is produced by recombinant technologies predominantly using modified mammalian cells. This procedure leads, however, to peptides of the same sequence of 165 amino acids but with different glycosylation patterns. These different mixtures of erythropoietin glycoforms have been designated with different INN names epoetin alfa - omega. Peginesatid (Omontys (R)) is a synthetic erythropoietin receptor agonist, the structure of which does not match that of erythropoietin. It is a pegylated covalent dimer of two identical peptide chains. It has been abandoned due to an increased mortality from cardiovascular reasons and due to dangerous allergies.
Individual Session Control Feature for the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) (2010)

The IETF has completed its work on the core specification of TWAMP -
the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol. This memo describes an
OPTIONAL feature for TWAMP, that gives the controlling host the
ability to start and stop one or more individual test sessions using
Session Identifiers. The base capability of the TWAMP protocol
requires all test sessions previously requested and accepted to start
and stop at the same time.