gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) (2005)

Since the discovery of HIV-2 in 1985, considerable progress has been made in understanding its virology and epidemiology. The data suggest differences between HIV-2 and HIV-1 in geographic distribution, distinct epidemic trends, perinatal transmission rates, and incubation periods to the development of AIDS. The virologic determination and mechanisms for these apparent biologic differences are still unknown. However, understanding how HIV-2 differs from HIV-1 is essential to interpretations of comparative virologic studies. We hope such comparative studies will yield important information on the pathogenic mechanisms employed by HIV viruses and will lead the way to the development of effective interventions for the prevention of AIDS. This is best exemplified in studies indicating that this close relative of HIV-1 infection, via its attenuated phenotype, may confer significant protection from subsequent infection by HIV-1. This further suggests that understanding HIV-2 immunity and cross-immunity may be useful for HIV vaccine design and development.
Color detection for vision machine defect inspection on electronic devices (2010)

This paper presents a recent innovation introduced by Ismeca in our novel vision platform, NativeNET, for the detection of surface defects in electronic device packages due to decoloration and which could not detected before. Up to now, mainly due to cost and processing-time constraints, most of inspection vision systems were working with monochrome images. Moreover, there is a need from semiconductor packaging industry to be able to provide new smart inspection which can detect more defects.
The generation of a mesh for resistance calculation in integrated circuits (1988)

A method of generating a two-dimensional irregular mesh on a resistive shape is presented. Heuristics are used to identify critical areas where small mesh elements are required. Mesh refinement is applied in these areas until elements are smaller than a specified size. In noncritical areas, elements have a natural tendency to increase in size at a restricted rate. Rapid generation of the mesh is accomplished by using a treelike approach to data processing and by using a restricted set of element types. Although the mesh can be applied to any problem that requires the solution of Laplace's equation with boundary conditions, resistive shapes in integrated circuits are the authors' prime focus. The node elimination technique for resistance calculation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mesh for this purpose.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF TECHNETIUM‐99 COMPLEXES WITH Π‐ACCEPTOR LIGANDS IN APROTIC MEDIUM. I. OXIDATION OF TRICHLOROTRIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)TECHNETIUM(III) (1978)

Abstract Die Untersuchung der Oxidation der Titelverbindung in Acetonitril mittels cyclischer Voltammetric, Chronoamperometrie und kontrollierter Potentialcoulometrie zeigte, daß abhängig von der Art des Trägerelektrolyten zwei verschiedene Oxidationsprodukte (I) und (II) erhalten werden.
Summary Abstract: Investigation of the metal-support interaction in coprecipitated nickel on alumina methanation catalysts using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1980)

The use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the study of metal-support interaction in nickel on alumina methanation catalysts is reported. Although these interactions give thermal stability, they also make the catalysts more difficult to reduce. (AIP)
On the selection of on-chip inductors for the optimal VCO design (2004)

The selection of on-chip inductors is crucial to the design of low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). In this paper, we study the effect of substrate on the inductor selection criterion for the VCO circuit and resolve the long lasting argument among circuit designers about whether large or small inductors should be used to reduce the phase noise of VCOs. Several substrate types including CMOS, SOI, and substrates with patterned ground shields (PGSs) are compared, and we demonstrate that the substrate resistivity plays a key role in determining the selection criterion of the optimal on-chip inductors for VCO design.
Highly Accurate Prediction of Jobs Runtime Classes (2016)

Separating the short jobs from the long is a known technique to improve scheduling performance. This paper describes a method developed for accurately predicting the runtimes classes of the jobs to enable the separation. Our method uses the fact that the runtimes can be represented as a mixture of overlapping Gaussian distributions, in order to train a CART classifier to provide the prediction. The threshold that separates the short jobs from the long jobs is determined during the evaluation of the classifier to maximize prediction accuracy. The results indicate overall accuracy of 90% for the data set used in the study, with sensitivity and specificity both above 90%.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Benzoxazoles Derived from Thymoquinone (2018)

Thymoquinone (<b>TQ</b>), a natural compound with antimicrobial and antitumor activity, was used as the starting molecule for the preparation of 3-aminothymoquinone (<b>ATQ</b>) from which ten novel benzoxazole derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR (¹H, <sup>13</sup>C) spectroscopy in solution. The crystal structure of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazole-5-ol (<b>1a</b>) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities. <b>TQ</b> and <b>ATQ</b> showed better antibacterial activity against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains than benzoxazoles. <b>ATQ</b> had the most potent antifungal effect against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i>. Three benzoxazole derivatives and <b>ATQ</b> showed the highest antitumor activities. The most potent was 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazole-5-ol (<b>1f</b>). Western blot analyses have shown that this compound inhibited phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF1R β) in HeLa and HepG2 cells. The least toxic compound against normal fibroblast cells, which maintains similar antitumor activities as <b>TQ</b>, was 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazole-5-ol (<b>1e</b>). Docking studies indicated that <b>1e</b> and <b>1f</b> have significant effects against selected receptors playing important roles in tumour survival.
Sequence context effects on 8-methoxypsoralen photobinding to defined DNA fragments (1987)

The photoreaction of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with DNA fragments of defined sequence was studied. We took advantage of the blockage by bulky adducts of the 3'-5'-exonuclease activity associated with the T4 DNA polymerase. The action of the exonuclease is stopped by biadducts as well as by monoadducts. The termination products were analyzed on sequencing gels. A strong sequence specificity was observed in the DNA photobinding of 8-MOP. The exonuclease terminates its digestion near thymine residues, mainly at potentially cross-linkable sites. There is an increasing reactivity of thymine residues in the order T less than TT much less than TTT in a GC environment. For thymine residues in cross-linkable sites, the reactivity follows the order AT much less than TA approximately TAT much less than ATA less than ATAT less than ATATAA. Repeated A-T sequences are hot spots for the photochemical reaction of 8-MOP with DNA. Both monoadducts and interstrand cross-links are formed preferentially in 5'-TpA sites. Our results highlight the role of the sequence and consequently of the conformation around a potential site in the photobinding of 8-MOP to DNA.
Ultrasensitive Optical-Fiber Ultrasonic Sensor Based on Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings (2013)

Using optical method in structural health monitoring (SHM) is getting more and more attentions recently due to the inherent advantages in fiber optical method. In this research, we proposed an ultrasonic phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) sensor and demonstrated its application to ultrasonic SHM. Based on this sensor, two different demodulation systems were developed, named as cascaded PS-FBG sensing system and PS-FBG balanced sensing system, for acousto-ultrasonic detection and acoustic emission detection. The experimental results show that PS-FBG sensor with higher sensitivity compared to other existent FBG has a potential to replace traditional ultrasonic lead-zirconate-titanate sensors.
Optically active vinyl polymers. XIV. Stereoselective and stereoelective polymerization of racemic α‐olefins (1967)

Abstract Polymers of racemic 4‐methyl‐1‐hexene, 3‐methyl‐1‐pentene, and 3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐octene have been separated in fractions having optical activity of opposite sign by adsorption chromatography on highly crystalline poly‐(S)‐3‐methyl‐1‐pentene. It is shown that the observed prevalence of S or R monomeric units in the optically active polymers thus obtained cannot be explained on the basis of a model of a purely statistical copolymer of the two monomeric antipodes. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that at‐acticpoly‐(R)(S)‐4‐methyl‐1‐hexene, obtained by hydrogenation of poly‐(R)(S)‐4‐methyl‐1‐hexyne prepared with a substantially soluble catalyst, has not been separated in fractions having optical activity of opposite sign in the adopted experimental conditions. The reported results prove that the stereospecific polymerization of the above‐cited racemic α ‐olefins by heterogeneous catalysts is stereoselective, giving rise to macromolecules formed prevailingly by one single monomeric antipode. On the basis of the experimental results obtained in the stereoselective and stereoelective polymerization of racemic α ‐olefins, the structure of the catalytic centers of the heterogeneous catalysts for the stereospecific polymerization of α ‐olefins is discussed.
Dual mechanisms diminishing tonic GABAA inhibition of dentate gyrus granule cells in Noda epileptic rats (2013)

The Noda epileptic rat (NER), a Wistar colony mutant, spontaneously has tonic-clonic convulsions with paroxysmal discharges. In the present study, we measured phasic and tonic γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) current (I tonic) in NER hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells and compared the results with those of normal parent strain Wistar rats (WIS). I tonic, revealed by a bicuculline-induced outward shift in holding current, was significantly smaller in NER than in WIS (P < 0.01). The frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) was also significantly lower in NER than in WIS (P < 0.05), without significant differences in the IPSC amplitude or decay time between WIS and NER. I tonic attenuation in NER was further confirmed in the presence of GABA transporter blockers, NO-711 and nipecotic acid, with no difference in neuronal GABA transporter expression between WIS and NER. I tonic responses to extrasynaptic GABAA receptor agonists (THIP and DS-2) were significantly reduced in NER compared with WIS (P < 0.05). Allopregnanolone caused less I tonic increase in NER than in WIS, while it prolonged the IPSC decay time to a similar rate in the two groups. Expression of the GABAA receptor δ-subunit was decreased in the dentate gyrus of NER relative to that of WIS. Taken together, our results showed that a combination of attenuated presynaptic GABA release and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor expression reduced I tonic amplitude and its sensitivity to neurosteroids, which likely diminishes the gating function of dentate gyrus granule cells and renders NER more susceptible to seizure propagation.
Independent Risk Factors for Gallstone Formation in a Region with High Cholelithiasis Prevalence (2005)

Female sex, age and being overweight are major risk factors for gallstone formation in this region where cholelithiasis is a frequent disorder. Additional factors and interactions contribute to a gender-specific gallstone risk.
NOVELTIES OF Mg-Al CALCINED HYDROTALCITE CATALYZED ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF 2-PHENYL-1,3-DINITROPROPANE: REACTION MECHANISM AND KINETICS (2018)

Aryl-substituted dinitroalkanes are important synthons in organic chemistry. 2-Phenyl-1,3-dinitropropane was synthesized using Mg-Al calcined hydrotalcite as a solid base catalyst. The reaction proceeds through nitroaldol condensation, followed by a Michael-type addition. The effects of various parameters were studied. A catalyst with Mg-Al ratio of 3:1 was found to be the most active. Selectivity of 100% was obtained for the desired product. The catalyst could readily be recycled without much loss of activity. A kinetic model was developed based on the experimental data.
Role of Electron-Donative Dopant Molecules in the Triboelectrification of Polystyrene Films (2001)

The triboelectrification between iron carrier beads and polystyrene films molecularly-doped with 50 electron-donative organics are investigated in a nitrogen atmosphere and low humidity (<10% RH) conditions. The electrochemical oxidation potential of the dopants correlates well with the tribocharging amount within the framework of a homologous series of dopant molecules, but turns out not to be a widely applicable and reliable indication. Considerations of liquid-phase electrochemical oxidations and solid-phase frictional electrifications lead us to use calculated oxidation potentials instead of the measured one, and it is revealed that a relatively good relation holds between the calculated potential and the charging amount. However, there still exists some dispersion of the data in the relationship. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements of the film surfaces, combined with the above findings, reveal that the dopants form charge transfer complexes with environmental dioxygen and that they serve as the positive-charging sites. This is evidenced by an even more reliable relationship between the charging amount and the binding energy of O1s electrons. A possible mechanism is proposed for the positive charging of organic compounds on the basis of the charge-transfer model.
A GRADUALLY UNMASKING METHOD FOR LIMITED DATA TOMOGRAPHY (2007)

In limited data tomography, with applications such as electron microscopy, medical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing, etc., the scanning views are within an angular range that is either limited (i.e., less than the full 180deg) or sparsely sampled. In these situations, standard reconstruction algorithms produce reconstructions with notorious intrinsic artifacts. We propose a novel technique that gradually recovers (or "unmasks") the densities in the image, and whose implementation is based on the algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART). Using our method, we show that the artifacts are thus significantly reduced.
Beta-Testing of PI3-Kinase Inhibitors: Is Beta Better? (2012)

Although it has been known for some time that PTEN-null tumors require expression of the p110β isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase for growth, the corollary demonstration that small-molecule inhibitors of p110β are effective drugs for such tumors has not been shown. This has now been rectified by the demonstration that the TGX221 analogue KIN-193 is effective in mouse xenografts of HCC70 and PC3 human tumor cell lines.
Post–cardiac arrest Sedation Promotes Electroencephalographic Slow-wave Activity and Improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Cardiac Arrest (2022)

Background Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest are routinely sedated during targeted temperature management, while the effects of sedation on cerebral physiology and outcomes after cardiac arrest remain to be determined. The authors hypothesized that sedation would improve survival and neurologic outcomes in mice after cardiac arrest. Methods Adult C57BL/6J mice of both sexes were subjected to potassium chloride–induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Starting at the return of spontaneous circulation or at 60 min after return of spontaneous circulation, mice received intravenous infusion of propofol at 40 mg · kg –1 · h –1 , dexmedetomidine at 1 µg · kg –1 · h –1 , or normal saline for 2 h. Body temperature was lowered and maintained at 33°C during sedation. Cerebral blood flow was measured for 4 h postresuscitation. Telemetric electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in freely moving mice from 3 days before up to 7 days after cardiac arrest. Results Sedation with propofol or dexmedetomidine starting at return of spontaneous circulation improved survival in hypothermia-treated mice (propofol [13 of 16, 81%] vs . no sedation [4 of 16, 25%], P = 0.008; dexmedetomidine [14 of 16, 88%] vs . no sedation [4 of 16, 25%], P = 0.002). Mice receiving no sedation exhibited cerebral hyperemia immediately after resuscitation and EEG power remained less than 30% of the baseline in the first 6 h postresuscitation. Administration of propofol or dexmedetomidine starting at return of spontaneous circulation attenuated cerebral hyperemia and increased EEG slow oscillation power during and early after sedation (40 to 80% of the baseline). In contrast, delayed sedation failed to improve outcomes, without attenuating cerebral hyperemia and inducing slow-wave activity. Conclusions Early administration of sedation with propofol or dexmedetomidine improved survival and neurologic outcomes in mice resuscitated from cardiac arrest and treated with hypothermia. The beneficial effects of sedation were accompanied by attenuation of the cerebral hyperemic response and enhancement of electroencephalographic slow-wave activity. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Thermophysical properties of stainless steels (1975)

Recommended values of the thermodynamic and transport properties of stainless steels Type 304L and Type 316L are given for temperatures from 300 to 3000$sup 0$K. The properties in the solid region were obtained by extrapolating available experimental data to the melting range, while appropriate correlations were used to estimate the properties in the liquid region. The properties evaluated include the enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, vapor pressure, density, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and viscosity. (9 fig, 11 tables) (auth)
Results of a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, multicenter study of mirabegron, a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder in Asia (2014)

Mirabegron 50 mg once daily for 12 weeks was superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of micturitions in patients with symptoms of OAB in Taiwan, Korea, China, and India.
Correction to Purple Canola: ArabidopsisPAP1 Increases Antioxidants and Phenolics in Brassica napus Leaves (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Purple Canola: ArabidopsisPAP1 Increases Antioxidants and Phenolics in Brassica napus LeavesXiang Li, Ming-Jun Gao, Hong-Yu Pan, De-Jun Cui, and Margaret Y. Gruber*Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 21, 5506Publication Date (Web):May 15, 2012Publication History Published online15 May 2012Published inissue 30 May 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf302049bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jf302049bcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (112 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of the Effects on Meniere's Symptoms and Medication Compliance between Isosorbid-liquid and Isosorbid-jelly (2008)

Most patients with Meniere's disease can be successfully treated with medication. In Japan, since the 1980's we have usually used osmotic diuretics, such as Isosorbide-liquid to control the inner ear endolymphatic hydrops. We have, however, had problems in that Meniere's patients sometimes complain of the tough regimen involving taking Isosorbide-liquid on a daily basis. Recently, Isosorbide-jelly has been developed to improve the medication compliance for patients with Meniere's disease. In the present study, we examined differences between the effects of Isosorbide-liquid and Isosorbide-jelly on hearing and vertigo. We also compared the medication compliance of Isosorbide-liquid with that of Isosorbide-jelly. There were no significant differences in hearing level and vertigo frequency in Meniere's patients before and after Isosorbide-liquid was changed to Isosorbide-jelly. Regarding medication compliance, we should consider which Isosorbide-type we use for each patient on an individual basis.
Transient Simulation of a Transformer Core Demagnetization Scheme (1998)

Switching a transformer primary with a perfectly demagnetized core brings down the possibility of high inrush current. This paper gives a method for transient solution of a scheme which can demagnetize the core after the primary of the transformer is switched off. A transient hysteresis model has been utilized to properly deal with the residual magnetism which has to decay for demagnetization. The method is expected to help the design of such a scheme by quick calculation of the transient current and voltages in the circuit.
Tris-bipyridine based dinuclear ruthenium(ii)–osmium(iii) complex dyads grafted onto TiO2 nanoparticles for mimicking the artificial photosynthetic Z-scheme (2017)

The Z-Scheme function within molecular systems has been rarely reported for solar energy conversion although it offers the possibility to achieve higher efficiency than single photon absorber photosystems due to the use of a wider range of visible light. In this study, we synthesized and investigated the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of two new dyads based on ruthenium and osmium tris-bipyridine complexes covalently linked via a butane bridge to explore their ability to realize the Z-scheme function once immobilized on TiO<sub>2</sub>. These dyads can be grafted onto a nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> film via the osmium complex bearing two dicarboxylic acid bipyridine ligands, while the ruthenium complex contains either two unsubstituted bipyridine ancillary ligands (RuH-Os) or two (4,4'-bis-trifluoromethyl-bipyridine) ancillary ligands (RuCF3-Os). Transient absorption spectroscopy studies of the Ru(ii)-Os(iii) dyads with femtosecond and nanosecond lasers were conducted both in solution and on TiO<sub>2</sub>. For both conditions, the photophysical studies revealed that the MLCT excited state of the ruthenium complex is strongly quenched and predominantly decays by energy transfer to the LMCT of the adjacent Os(iii) complex, in spite of the high driving force for electron transfer. This unexpected result, which is in sharp contrast to previously reported Ru(ii)-Os(iii) dyads, precluded us to achieve the expected Z-scheme function. However, the above results may be a guide for designing new artificial molecular systems reproducing the complex function of a Z-scheme with molecular systems grafted onto a TiO<sub>2</sub> mesoporous film.