gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractal Dimensional Classification of Aerosol Particles by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (1994)

~~ ~~ A method for the classification of individual aerosol particles into one of two main groups, namely, fly ash and soil dust, is presented. It is based on the calculation of the fractal dimensions of the images of the particles obtained with the computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy. The risk of an improper determination of the fractal dimension is pointed out. It is shown that spherically shaped particles that normally compose the majority of the fly ash particles do not possess fractality. The rarely met fly ash particles with very irregular shape possess two types of the fractal dimensions, namely, textural and structural. On the other hand, it is found that the soil dust particles have only a textural fractal dimension. The obtained results allow the unequivocal identification of the particle source, which is especially important when the chemical compositions of the particles are nearly the same.
Alternagin-C, a Disintegrin-like Protein, Induces Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression and Endothelial Cell Proliferation in Vitro (2004)

Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the Brazilian snake Bothrops alternatus, interacts with the major collagen I receptor, the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, inhibiting collagen binding. Here we show that ALT-C also inhibits the adhesion of a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3) to collagen I (IC(50) 2.2 microm). In addition, when immobilized on plate wells, ALT-C supports the adhesion of this cell line as well as of human vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). ALT-C (3 microm) does not detach cells that were previously bound to collagen I. ALT-C (5 nm) induces HUVEC proliferation in vitro, and it inhibits the positive effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or FGF-2 on the proliferation of these cells, thus suggesting a common mechanism for these proteins. Gene expression analysis of human fibroblasts growing on ALT-C- or collagen-coated plates showed that ALT-C and collagen I induce a very similar pattern of gene expression. When compared with cells growing on plastic only, ALT-C up-regulates the expression of 45 genes including the VEGF gene and down-regulates the expression of 30 genes. Fibroblast VEGF expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and ELISA assay. Up-regulation of the VEGF gene and other growth factors could explain the positive effect on HUVEC proliferation. ALT-C also strongly activates Akt/PKB phosphorylation, a signaling event involved in endothelial survival and angiogenesis. In conclusion, ALT-C acts as a survival factor, promoting adhesion and endothelial cell proliferation.
Hierarchy of DNA immobilization and hybridization on poly-L-lysine: an atomic force microscopy study (2005)

Atomic force microscopy is used to analyze the immobilization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on poly-L-lysine (PL)-coated glass and subsequent hybridization with complementary DNA (dsDNA). 2D fractal analysis (power spectrum density algorithm (PSDA)) and line analysis methods are used to characterize the vertical aggregation of ssDNA/dsDNA. The nanodefects on the PL layer could be responsible for the vertical aggregation of DNA. The line analysis suggests that approximately two layers of ssDNA are adsorbed, stacked vertically. The PSDA is useful in understanding the direction of aggregation in addition to understanding the growth mechanism. Fractal dimension values are between 2 and 3, suggesting that the growth mechanism may obey the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model.
Screening for diabetes using Japanese monitoring guidance in schizophrenia patients treated with second‐generation antipsychotics: A cross‐sectional study using baseline data (2011)

Glucose abnormalities were newly detected in 11.9% of schizophrenia patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics by the baseline monitoring. To assess the detective power and usefulness of the guidance, longitudinal investigations are necessary.
Neutrophils as Effectors of Host Defense and Host Damage. Physiopathology and Perspectives of Pharmacological Manipulation (1989)

Although neutrophils (neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) provide a principal means of host defense against bacteria and fungi, they can also promote host tissue injury in several non infectious diseases (1). The intervention of PMNs in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibody -and immunecomplex-mediated glomerulo-nephritis has been well documented. Moreover, a relevant role of PMNs in tissue injury is now more than suggestive in an increasing number of disease states, including immune vasculitis, ulcerative colitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult acute respiratory distress syndrome. At present, the same toxic potential of PMNs is generally thought to be equally responsible for both the microorganism killing and the tissue injury in the aforementioned disorders (1, 2, 3). This fact, coupled with the incomplete knowledge of the events underlying the PMN responses and the PMN-mediated tissue injury, makes rational therapeutic approaches untimely at least as far as the dangerous effects of PMNs are concerned.
Tip-links serve as force-pass filter to fulfil the role of gating-springs (2022)

Abstract Tip-links as gating-spring in the mechanotransduction in hearing is still a debate. While the molecular elasticity of individual tip-link proteins warrants its candidature, the apparent rigidity from the heterotetrameric tip-links assembly refutes the claim. Using force-clamp experiments and simulations, we report that the heterotetrameric assembly is the natural selection for the gating-springs. Tip-links follow slip-ideal-slip bonds with increasing force. While in slip, the complex dissociates monotonously, ideal-bond interface responds indifferently to various auditory inputs. Insensitivity to forces renders tip-links as low-force pass filter, characteristic of gating-spring. Individual tip-links, however, forms slip-catch-slip bonds under tension. While catch bonds turn stronger with force from loud sound, our Langevin dynamics indicated the transition from slip-catch to slip-ideal bonds as cooperative effect of the dimers of individual protein complexes in tip-links. From molecular dynamics, we deciphered the molecular mechanism of catch bonds and its importance in deafness.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Syntheses of Chiral Building Blocks with Trifluoromethyl or Pentafluoroethyl Groups. (1986)

Abstract Eine Serie optisch aktiver, Fluor enthaltender Alkohole wird durch en‐zymatische Reduktion mit Bäcker‐Hefe aus den entsprechenden Ketonen hergestellt.
Bayesian Source Separation: Beyond PCA and ICA (2006)

Abstract. Blind source separation (BSS) has become one of the major signal and image processing area in many applications. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Independent component analysis (ICA) have become two main classical approaches for this problem. However, these two approaches have their limits which are mainly, the assumptions that the data are temporally iid and that the model is exact (no noise). In this paper, we first show that the Bayesian inference framework gives the possibility to go beyond these limits while obtaining PCA and ICA algorithms as particular cases. Then, we propose different a priori models for sources which progressively account for different properties of the sources. Finally, we illustrate the application of these different models in spectrometry, in astrophysical imaging, in satellite imaging and in hyperspectral imaging. 1
Electrooptic polarization modulation in multielectrode Al&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;Ga&lt;inf&gt;1-x&lt;/inf&gt;As rib waveguides (1982)

A single mode rib waveguide (RWG) polarization modulator is described with a measured extinction ratio ≳27 dB, a power conversion ≈0.99, and a switching voltage of 12.5 V at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 1.064 \mu</tex> m. The modulator is based on a modified step <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta\beta</tex> -reversal configuration. Contact with CdO and an Au overlay ensures low optical losses ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lsim1</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) for both polarizations.
Wavelength-division switching technology in photonic switching systems (1990)

The application of wavelength-division switching technology for photonic switching systems is discussed. It is pointed out that photonic wavelength-division switching systems have excellent features, such as bit-rate independence for individual channels and suitability for large-line-capacity switching systems, taking advantage of the extremely high frequency of light waves. Photonic space-division and time-division switching systems can also enlarge their line capacity using wavelength-division switching technology. In particular, the wavelength and time-division hybrid switching system will be able to achieve very large line capacity in the near future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modern-Day Monitorships (2016)

When a sexual abuse scandal rocked Penn State, when Apple was found to have engaged in anticompetitive behavior, and when servicers like Bank of America improperly foreclosed upon hundreds of thousands of homeowners, each organization entered into a "Modern-Day Monitorship. " Modern-day monitorships are utilized in an array of contexts to assist in widely varying re­ mediation efforts. This is because they provide outsiders with a unique source of information about the efficacy of the tarnished organization's efforts to resolve misconduct. Yet, despite their use in high profile and serious matters of organi­ zational wrongdoing, they are not an outgrowth of careful study and deliberate planning. Instead, modern-day monitorships have been employed in an ad-hoc and reactionary manner, which has resulted in repeated instances of controversy and calls for reform. Underlying these calls for reform has been an implicit as sumption that broad-based rules can effectively regulate all monitorships.
Pitch estimation for musical sound including percussion sound using comb filters and autocorrelation function (2007)

This paper proposes a new pitch estimation method using comb filters H(z) = 1-z-N and autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for the musical sounds including a percussion sound. We can obtain the ACF of the percussion sound at the comb filter output where the instrument sound with pitch is eliminated. By subtracting this percussion ACF from the ACF of the adjacent comb filter output in the twelve comb filters connected in parallel corresponding to each pitch of one octave, we can also obtain the ACF of the instrument one, and then we can estimate the pitch of the instrument sound from the instrument ACF.
Optical properties of doped graphene layers (2008)

The reflectance of a graphene monolayer, as well as of a system of monolayers, is calculated in the infrared range. A quantum expression for the conductivity in the collisionless regime that depends on the frequency, the temperature, and the concentration of carriers is used in the calculations. Above the threshold of the interband electron absorption, the reflectance decreases with increasing frequency. With decreasing temperature, excitation of plasmons in the system of layers is possible in a narrow range near the threshold, which results in the occurrence of a deep and sharp minimum in the frequency dependence of the reflectance.
Clonal analysis by distinct viral vectors identifies bona fide neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish telencephalon and characterizes their division properties and fate (2011)

Neurogenesis is widespread in the zebrafish adult brain through the maintenance of active germinal niches. To characterize which progenitor properties correlate with this extensive neurogenic potential, we set up a method that allows progenitor cell transduction and tracing in the adult zebrafish brain using GFP-encoding retro- and lentiviruses. The telencephalic germinal zone of the zebrafish comprises quiescent radial glial progenitors and actively dividing neuroblasts. Making use of the power of clonal viral vector-based analysis, we demonstrate that these progenitors follow different division modes and fates: neuroblasts primarily undergo a limited amplification phase followed by symmetric neurogenic divisions; by contrast, radial glia are capable at the single cell level of both self-renewing and generating different cell types, and hence exhibit bona fide neural stem cell (NSC) properties in vivo. We also show that radial glial cells predominantly undergo symmetric gliogenic divisions, which amplify this NSC pool and may account for its long-lasting maintenance. We further demonstrate that blocking Notch signaling results in a significant increase in proliferating cells and in the numbers of clones, but does not affect clone composition, demonstrating that Notch primarily controls proliferation rather than cell fate. Finally, through long-term tracing, we illustrate the functional integration of newborn neurons in forebrain adult circuitries. These results characterize fundamental aspects of adult progenitor cells and neurogenesis, and open the way to using virus-based technologies for stable genetic manipulations and clonal analyses in the zebrafish adult brain.
PACT: Parameterized Clipping Activation for Quantized Neural Networks (2018)

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. To address this cost, a number of quantization schemes have been proposed - but most of these techniques focused on quantizing weights, which are relatively smaller in size compared to activations. This paper proposes a novel quantization scheme for activations during training - that enables neural networks to work well with ultra low precision weights and activations without any significant accuracy degradation. This technique, PArameterized Clipping acTivation (PACT), uses an activation clipping parameter $α$ that is optimized during training to find the right quantization scale. PACT allows quantizing activations to arbitrary bit precisions, while achieving much better accuracy relative to published state-of-the-art quantization schemes. We show, for the first time, that both weights and activations can be quantized to 4-bits of precision while still achieving accuracy comparable to full precision networks across a range of popular models and datasets. We also show that exploiting these reduced-precision computational units in hardware can enable a super-linear improvement in inferencing performance due to a significant reduction in the area of accelerator compute engines coupled with the ability to retain the quantized model and activation data in on-chip memories.
Contributors, November, 1968 (1968)

Contains an entry for each author and coauthor included in this issue of the publication.
Structure of 1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose: X-ray Analysis of Crystalline Acetylated Dimeric Forms (1998)

Abstract Acetylation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose under acidic conditions gave two crystalline acetylated dimeric forms, which by X-ray analysis were shown to be diastereomeric spiroketals formed between C-2 and C-2/C-3. The structures of the compounds differed only at the configuration at C-2. Acetylation or benzoylation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose in pyridine yielded 3,6-di-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-enos-2-ulopyra-nos or crystalline 1,5-anhydro-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-enos-2-ulo-pyranose.
A carrier-mediated system for transport of biotin in rat intestine in vitro (1987)

Transport of biotin was examined in rat intestine using the everted sac technique. Transport of 0.1 microM biotin was linear with time for at least 30 min of incubation and occurred at a rate of 3.7 pmol X g initial tissue wet wt-1 X min-1. Transport of biotin was higher in the jejunum than the ileum and was minimum in the colon (85 +/- 6, 36 +/- 6, and 2.8 +/- 0.6 pmol X g initial tissue wet wt-1 X 25 min-1, respectively). In the jejunum, transport of biotin was saturable at low concentrations (Kt = 3.73, microM, Vmax = 3.11 nmol X g initial tissue wet wt-1 X 25 min-1) but linear at higher concentrations (greater than 10 microM). The transport of low concentrations of biotin was inhibited by structural analogues (desthiobiotin, biotin methyl ester, diaminobiotin, and biocytin), Na+ dependent, energy dependent, temperature dependent, and proceeded against a concentration gradient in the serosal compartment. No metabolic alteration occurs to the biotin molecule during transport. This study demonstrates that biotin transport in rat intestine occurs by a carrier-mediated process at low concentrations and by simple diffusion at high concentrations. Furthermore, the carrier-mediated process is Na+, energy, and temperature dependent.
Radiographic absorptiometry for bone mineral measurement of the phalanges: precision and accuracy study. (1994)

The RA method is precise and accurate for bone mineral assessment of the peripheral appendicular skeleton.
Genetic linkage among human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein N (gN) and gO genes, with evidence for recombination from congenitally and post-natally infected Japanese infants (2008)

Investigation of sequence polymorphisms in the glycoprotein N (gN; gp4273), gO (gp4274) and gH (gp4275) genes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains collected from 63 Japanese children revealed that their gO genotype distribution differed slightly from that of Caucasian populations and that there was a significant linkage between the gN and gO genotypes. Linkage of these genotypes in strains obtained from Caucasian populations has been reported, so our similar findings in Japanese infants are consistent with this, and suggest generality of this linkage. Sequence analysis suggests that recombination between two strains of different linkage groups occurred approximately 200 bp upstream of the 3'-end of the gO gene. Further studies are required to elucidate differences in biological characteristics among the linkage groups and the selective constraints that maintain the linkage.
Annealing temperature stability of Ir and Ni-based Ohmic contacts on AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (2004)

Ti ∕ Al ∕ Ir ∕ Au Ohmic contacts on AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) show promising electrical performance, with lower specific contact resistance than obtained with the more conventional Ti∕Al∕Ni∕Au metallization. HEMTs with both types of metallization have been measured up to 550°C. We find that the dc performance of devices with Ir-based contacts is significantly better at each temperature up to this maximum value, with higher transconductance (gm), saturated drain-source current (IDSS), and more stable threshold voltage (Vth). These contacts look very promising for HEMT power amplifier applications involving high temperature operation.
Neuroendocrine Effects of Carnitines on Reproductive Impairments (2021)

Carnitines are quaternary amines involved in various cellular processes such as fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and glucose metabolism regulation. Due to their neurotrophic activities, their integrative use has been studied in several different physio-pathological conditions such as anorexia nervosa, chronic fatigue, vascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease and male infertility. Being metabolically active, carnitines have also been proposed to treat reproductive impairment such as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) since they improve both hormonal and metabolic parameters modulating the neuroendocrine impairments of FHA. Moreover, they are capable of improving the lipid profile and the insulin sensitivity in patients with PCOS.
Fibre-optic distributed sensing techniques employing Brillouin scattering (2008)

As fibre optic distributed sensing systems are providing innovative solutions for the monitoring of large structures, Brillouin-based distributed scattering sensing techniques represent a new physical approach for structural health monitoring. This paper presents an attempt to providing a more comprehensive picture of recent advances, perspectives and challenges of signal processing for fibre optic Brillouin-based distributed scattering sensing technology.
Rain garden installation: site and soil conditions (2007)

Rain gardens have the potential to lower the impact of stormwater coming from impervious surfaces in urban areas and to mitigate non-point source polluted runoff. Rain gardens are easy to install, inexpensive, sustainable, and are aesthetically pleasing. The site and soil conditions of a rain garden installed in Spring 2006 on the campus of Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Leon County, are described. The soil at the rain garden site is composed of three types: Orangeburg, Plummer, and Urban land. Data for soil leaching and runoff potential for pesticides indicate that all three soils have a medium soil leaching potential to leach to groundwater, with the Plummer and Urban land soil types having a high runoff potential. Soil fertility testing of the rain garden site for phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium indicates that the soil is high in phosphorus, medium-high in potassium, and very high in magnesium.
Detection of unexploded ordnance using airborne LWIR emissivity signatures (2015)

This paper investigated the potential of using LWIR spectral emissivity signatures to detect unexploded ordnance in the impact ranges of the Canadian Forces Bases. The experimental setup was composed of inert projectiles of various sizes and coating, and various potential false alarm objects. LWIR Hypercam images were acquired at 30 minutes intervals between 9:30 on Aug 23 and 21h00 on Aug 24 2013 from a height of 20m at nadir. Images were processed to emissivity and the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) was used to perform the detection. Results show that the GLRT is suitable for detecting the paint used to cover the projectiles if they are not covered by vegetation. Other detected targets, such as glass and wood, are spectrally distinct and would not appear as false alarms.