gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Francisella tularensis L,D-carboxypeptidase plays important roles in cell morphology, envelope integrity, and virulence (2019)

Summary Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, intracellular bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. Intracellular pathogens, including F. tularensis , have evolved mechanisms to survive in the harsh environment of macrophages and neutrophils, where they are exposed to cell envelope-damaging molecules. The bacterial cell wall, primarily composed of peptidoglycan (PG), maintains cell morphology, structure, and membrane integrity. Intracellular Gram-negative bacteria protect themselves from macrophage and neutrophil killing by recycling and repairing damaged PG – a process that involves over 50 different PG synthesis and recycling enzymes. Here, we identified a PG recycling enzyme, L,D-carboxypeptidase A (LdcA), of F. tularensis that is responsible for converting PG tetrapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Unlike E. coli LdcA and most other orthologs, F. tularensis LdcA does not localize to the cytoplasm and also exhibits L,D-endopeptidase activity, converting PG pentapeptide stems to tripeptide stems. Loss of F. tularensis LdcA led to altered cell morphology and membrane integrity, as well as attenuation in a mouse pulmonary infection model and in primary and immortalized macrophages. Finally, an F. tularensis ldcA mutant protected mice against virulent Type A F. tularensis SchuS4 pulmonary challenge.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex and robot-assisted arm training in chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: A proof of concept sham-randomized clinical study (2016)

These preliminary findings support that modulating excitatory input of the corticospinal tracts on spinal circuits may be a promising strategy in improving arm and hand functions in persons with incomplete tetraplegia. Further study is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of recovery.
Sclerotiorin Stabilizes the Assembly of Nonfibrillar Abeta42 Oligomers with Low Toxicity, Seeding Activity, and Beta-sheet Content (2020)

The self-assembly of the 42-residue amyloid-β peptide, Aβ42, into fibrillar aggregates is associated with neuronal dysfunction and toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient brains, suggesting that small molecules acting on this process might interfere with pathogenesis. Here, we present experimental evidence that the small molecule sclerotiorin (SCL), a natural product belonging to the group of azaphilones, potently delays both seeded and nonseeded Aβ42 polymerization in cell-free assays. Mechanistic biochemical studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of SCL on fibrillogenesis is caused by its ability to kinetically stabilize small Aβ42 oligomers. These structures exhibit low β-sheet content and do not possess seeding activity, indicating that SCL acts very early in the amyloid formation cascade before the assembly of seeding-competent, β-sheet-rich fibrillar aggregates. Investigations with NMR WaterLOGSY experiments confirmed the association of Aβ42 assemblies with SCL in solution. Furthermore, using ion mobility-mass spectrometry, we observed that SCL directly interacts with a small fraction of Aβ42 monomers in the gas phase. In comparison to typical amyloid fibrils, small SCL-stabilized Aβ42 assemblies are inefficiently taken up into mammalian cells and have low toxicity in cell-based assays. Overall, these mechanistic studies support a pathological role of stable, β-sheet-rich Aβ42 fibrils in AD, while structures with low β-sheet content may be less relevant.
Design and comparison of 33 slot permanent magnet synchronous motor with symmetric and asymmetric AC windings (2014)

This paper investigates the design, manufacturing and comparison of low voltage 33-slot permanent magnet AC motor with symmetric and asymmetric winding. Design and analysis of the motors are performed to get information about performance characteristic of both motors for a set of given specs. No-load and on-load analyses are accomplished in order to obtain voltage and torque constants. Prototype motors are built with two sets of AC windings. Motor performances are verified experimentally and the analyses are compared with the design data. Good agreement between the designed motors and the test results is observed for this low voltage high current application.
An Integrated Hardware Solution for MAC Address Translation, MPLS, and Traffic Management in Access Networks (2006)

Today, an increasing number of customers subscribes for a high bandwidth Internet access. But not only communication speed is demanded. Quality-of-service moves more and more into the customers' focus. Both carriers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have increasing requirements derived from new services they want to offer to their customers. We present a new hardware solution is presented, which can satisfy many of these upcoming demands. This solution is highly flexible and can be adapted to various applications. The MAC address translation - MPLS user network interface (MATMUNI) provides the functionality of MAC address translation (MAT), multi protocol label switching-user network interface (MPLS-UNI), and a traffic manager (TM). This way, a module implemented on a single FPGA offers a wide range of functionality in an access network for low costs and high flexibility. The selection of an FPGA as implementation target offers the possibility to adapt to future demands towards functionality. Moreover, the all functional elements work with wire speed. Only a negligible delay is inserted into the datapath
People counting system in crowded scenes based on feature regression (2012)

While people counting has been improved significantly over the recent years, crowd scenes and perspective distortions remain particularly challenging and could deeply affect the count. To handle such problems, we propose a counting system based on measurements of interest points, where a perspective normalization and a crowd measure-informed density estimation are introduced into a single feature. Then, the correspondence between this feature and the number of persons is learned by Gaussian Process regression. Our approach has been experimentally validated showing more accurate results compared to other features-based methods.
Crystal structure and identification of a pyrimido[6,1-b][1,3]oxazin-6-one derivative from the reaction of acrolein with 5-(phenoxymethyl)-2-amino-2-oxazoline (2018)

The X-ray crystal structure of 2-(4,5-dihydro-5-phenoxymethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-ylamino)-7-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)hexahydro-2 H ,6 H -pyrimido[6,1- b ][1,3]oxazin-6-one ( 1 ), a structure of adduct formed by the reaction of 5-(phenoxymethyl)-2-amino-2-oxazoline and acrolein, has been established. The present work deals with the structural identification of the adduct 1 and presents a plausible mechanism for its formation. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c with cell parameters a = 21.3337 (10) Å, b = 11.3712 (7) Å, c = 10.4936 (7) Å, β = 103.041 (3), V = 2480.0 (3) Å 3 , Z = 4. C 26 H 32 N 4 O 6 , D c = 1.330 g/cm 3 , μ (Cu Kα) = 1.5418 Å, S = 1.188, F (000) = 1056, R = 0.0501, and wR = 0.1584.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A RECOMBINANT MOUSE t HAPLOTYPE THAT EXPRESSES A DOMINANT LETHAL MATERNAL EFFECT (1984)

ABSTRACT The twLub 2 chromosome was generated by rare recombination between a complete t haplotype and a wild-type form of mouse chromosome 17. This recombinant chromosome expresses a dominant lethal effect in all embryos that inherit the mutant chromosome from their mothers. The phenotype of this maternal effect is indistinguishable from that expressed by the previously described Thp deletion chromosome. It appears likely that the crossing over event that gave rise to twLub 2 was unequal and resulted in the alteration or deletion of a gene (which is named the T-associated maternal effect locus, Tme) that must be inherited from the mother in order for normal development to proceed through late stages of gestation. The results presented here allow a mapping of the Tme locus between the quaking and tufted loci which are 3 cM apart within the proximal region of chromosome 17.
Pore properties of Orai1 calcium channel dimers and their activation by the STIM1 ER calcium sensor (2018)

Store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry signals are mediated by plasma membrane Orai channels activated through intermembrane coupling with Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing STIM proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The nature of this elaborate Orai-gating mechanism has remained enigmatic. Based on the <i>Drosophila</i> Orai structure, mammalian Orai1 channels are hexamers comprising three dimeric subunit pairs. We utilized concatenated Orai1 dimers to probe the function of key domains within the channel pore and gating regions. The Orai1-E106Q selectivity-filter mutant, widely considered a dominant pore blocker, was surprisingly nondominant within concatenated heterodimers with Orai1-WT. The Orai1-E106Q/WT heterodimer formed STIM1-activated nonselective cation channels with significantly enlarged apparent pore diameter. Other Glu-106 substitutions entirely blocked the function of heterodimers with Orai1-WT. The hydrophobic pore-lining mutation V102C, which constitutively opens channels, was suppressed by Orai1-WT in the heterodimer. In contrast, the naturally occurring R91W pore-lining mutation associated with human immunodeficiency was completely dominant-negative over Orai-WT in heterodimers. Heterodimers containing the inhibitory K85E mutation extending outward from the pore helix gave an interesting partial effect on both channel activation and STIM1 binding, indicating an important allosteric link between the cytosolic Orai1 domains. The Orai1 C-terminal STIM1-binding domain mutation L273D powerfully blocked STIM1-induced channel activation. The Orai1-L273D/WT heterodimer had drastically impaired STIM1-induced channel gating but, unexpectedly, retained full STIM1 binding. This reveals the critical role of Leu-273 in transducing the STIM1-binding signal into the allosteric conformational change that initiates channel gating. Overall, our results provide important new insights into the role of key functional domains that mediate STIM1-induced gating of the Orai1 channel.
Link prediction of datasets sameAS interlinking network on web of data (2017)

In order to be considered as Linked Data, the datasets on the web must be linked to other datasets. Current studies on dataset interlinking prediction researches do not distinguish the type of links, which are of less help for real application scenarios, as dataset publishers still do not know what kinds of RDF links can be established and furthermore how to configure the data linking algorithms. In this paper, we focus on predicting the possible links between datasets with the most important RDF link type, owl:sameAs. Since the goal is to discriminate between linked dataset pairs against not-linked ones, we formulate the link prediction problem as a classification problem. We adopt Random Forest as the basic classifier to incorporate features of the scores output by unsupervised predictors, and apply the bagging technique to combine multiple forests to reduce variance and improve the accuracy. Experiments show we can improve the prediction performance by about 10% in AUROC.
Origin of Hematopoietic Progenitors during Embryogenesis (2001)

It has been widely accepted that hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages diverge from a common progenitor referred to as the hemangioblast. Recently, analyses of the potential of progenitor cells purified from mouse embryos as well as embryonic stem cells differentiating in vitro resolved intermediate stages between mesodermal cells and committed precursors for hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. There are two distinct hematopoietic cell lineages which have different origins, i.e., primitive hematopoietic lineage derived from mesoderm or hemangioblasts and definitive hematopoietic lineage derived from endothelial cells. The endothelium is suggested to provide a milieu in which the definitive hematopoietic lineage acquires multiple potentials.
Advanced E-Manufacturing Model (2010)

E-manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing that takes advantage of the information and Internet technologies to integrate all functional components of a factory. An e-manufacturing hierarchy was presented by the international SEMATECH (ISMT). However, this ISMTe-manufacturing model does not consider the functions of engineering chain (EC) that deals with the time-to-market (T2M) issues. This article presents an advanced e-manufacturing model based on a decade-long creation of knowledge and practical experience of developing semiconductor manufacturing automation (SMA) systems at the Institute of Manufacturing Information and Systems (IMIS), National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan. As shown in Figure 1, the advanced e-manufacturing model has four core components: manufacturing execution system (MES), supply chain (SC), equipment engineering system (EES), and EC. The definition, mission, primary issues, and the feasible implementation frameworks of each component are described in this article.With this advanced e-manufacturing model, the characteristics and requirements of the semiconductor industry can be comprehended, and the missions of SMA can be accomplished.
Defect tolerant SRAM based FPGAs (2002)

We propose a new approach to redundancy for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) which uses a novel reconfiguration network. Modifications are made to the wiring segments and a spare element is incorporated at the end of each row. By using the technique it will be possible to construct arrays 10 times larger than are commercially economic at present. The scheme is applicable to any SRAM based FPGA and keeps full software compatability with existing design tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pyridalthiadiazole-Based Narrow Band Gap Chromophores (2012)

π-Conjugated materials containing pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole (PT) units have recently achieved record power conversion efficiencies of 6.7% in solution-processed, molecular bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics. Recognizing the importance of this new class of molecular systems and with the aim of establishing a more concrete path forward to predict improvements in desirable solid-state properties, we set out to systematically alter the molecular framework and evaluate structure-property relationships. Thus, the synthesis and properties of 13 structurally related D(1)-PT-D(2)-PT-D(1) compounds, where D represents a relatively electron-rich aromatic segment compared to PT, are provided. Physical properties were examined using a combination of absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and solubility analysis. Changes to end-capping D(1) units allowed for fine control over electronic energy levels both in solution and in the bulk. Substitution of different alkyl chains on D(2) gives rise to controllable melting and crystallization temperatures and tailored solubility. Alterations to the core donor D(2) lead to readily identifiable changes in all properties studied. Finally, the regiochemistry of the pyridal N-atom in the PT heterocycle was investigated. The tailoring of structures via subtle structural modifications in the presented molecular series highlights the simplicity of accessing this chromophore architecture. Examination of the resulting materials properties relevant for device fabrication sets forth which can be readily predicted by consideration of molecular structure and which lack a systematic understanding. Guidelines can be proposed for the design of new molecular frameworks with the possibility of outperforming the current state of the art OPV performance.
3rd Person Needs Licensing Too: Examining the se/suu Connection (2019)

This paper introduces two instances of person effects with 3 rd person items -the reflexive clitic se in French and the non-honorific clitic pronoun suu in Punjabi. Examining the properties of these items, we argue against the phi-feature based accounts of person licensing. Instead, we re-conceptualize it as a syntactico-semantic phenomenon, which requires a pronominal to be contextually-anchored via a feature labeled [F]. More globally, this paper attempts to work out the special status of person and articulate why person requires special licensing in grammar.
A Deep Learning-Based Object Detection Scheme by Improving YOLOv5 for Sprouted Potatoes Datasets (2022)

Detecting and eliminating sprouted potatoes is a basic measure before potato storage, which can effectively improve the quality of potatoes before storage and reduce economic losses due to potato spoilage and decay. In this paper, we propose an improved YOLOV5-based sprouted potato detection model for detecting and grading sprouted potatoes in complex scenarios. By replacing Conv with CrossConv in the C3 module, the feature similarity loss problem of the fusion process is improved, and the feature representation is enhanced. SPP is improved using fast spatial pyramid pooling to reduce feature fusion parameters and speed up feature fusion. The 9-Mosaic data enhancement algorithm improves the model generalization ability; the anchor points are reconstructed using the genetic algorithm K-means to enhance small target features, and then multi-scale training and hyperparameter evolution mechanisms are used to improve the accuracy. The experimental results show that the improved model has 90.14% recognition accuracy and 88.1% mAP, and the mAP is 4.6%, 7.5%, and 12.4% higher compared with SSD, YOLOV5, and YOLOV4, respectively. In summary, the improved YOLOV5 model, with good detection accuracy and effectiveness, can meet the requirements of rapid grading in automatic potato sorting lines.
Measuring the foveal avascular zone in diabetes: A study using optical coherence tomography angiography (2021)

Our findings show that there is enlargement of the FAZ in individuals with diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes. In the diabetes group, this enlargement appears to be correlated with HbA<sub>1c</sub> level. OCT-A imaging could, therefore, be a useful tool to monitor the FAZ and identify potential early microvasculopathy in diabetes.
Urine Cytology Findings in Cases of Pseudocarcinomatous Urothelial Hyperplasia of the Bladder Often Represent a Diagnostic Challenge (2022)

PCUH urine features can overlap with AUCs, HGUC, and other nonurothelial malignancies. In our cohort, 44% (11 of 25) of urine specimens with PCUH changes were initially misclassified. Recognition of cytologic features of PCUH is important to avoid overcalling reactive changes.
Cyclic Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (CAROMP). Rapid Access to Functionalized Cyclic Polymers (2010)

Catalysis of alternating ROMP with (H(2)IMes)Cl(2)Ru=CHPh(OiPr), the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst, provided an entirely cyclic alternating polymer. Conditions for the cyclic AROMP were used to prepare a polymer in which one of the repeat units bore a primary alkyl chloride that was used for further elaboration.
Tie-Zone Watershed, Bottlenecks, and Segmentation Robustness Analysis (2005)

In a recent paper [1], a new type of watershed (WS) transform was introduced: the tie-zone watershed (TZWS). This region-based watershed transform does not depend on arbitrary implementation and provides a unique (and thereby unbiased) optimal solution. Indeed, many optimal solutions are sometimes possible when segmenting an image by WS. The TZWS assigns each pixel to a catchment basin (CB) if in all solutions it belongs to this CB. Otherwise, the pixel is said to belong to a tie-zone (TZ). An efficient algorithm computing the TZWS and based on the Image Foresting Transform (IFT) was also proposed. In this article, we define the new concept of "bottlenecks" in the watermerging paradigm. Intuitively, the bottlenecks are the first contact points between at least two different wave fronts. They are pixels in the image where different colored waters meet and tie and from which may begin, therefore, the tie-zones. They represent the origin points or the access of the tie-zones (regions that cannot be labeled without making arbitrary choices). If they are preferentially assigned to one or another colored water according to an arbitrary processing order, as occurs in most of watershed algorithm, an entire region (its influence zone - the "bottle"!) is conquered together. The bottlenecks play therefore an important role in the bias that could be introduced by a WS implementation. It is why we show in this paper that both tie-zones and bottlenecks analysis can be associated with the robustness of a segmentation.
DOUBLE TEE AND CFRP/GFRP BRIDGE SYSTEM (1996)

The proposed precast/prestressed DT bridge system is an innovative approach which has the potential to solve the corrosion and construction problems experienced in conventional bridge designs. The response of the DT bridge system during construction is very promising. It offers a significant reduction in construction costs and time since the construction formwork and shoring on-site are eliminated. Furthermore, the use and proper implementation of composite reinforcing bars and prestressing strands (internally and externally) in the design and construction of this new bridge concept should result in corrosion-free and crack-free bridges.
Increased expression of the cyclin D1 gene in Barrett's esophagus. (1996)

Previous studies have found a 3-10-fold amplification and overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene in about 32% of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of increased expression of the cyclin D1 protein in Barrett's esophagus. Using 69 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human esophageal specimens, which had been removed endoscopically or obtained at surgery during 1993 and 1994, all immunohistochemical analyses were performed using an avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. Increased nuclear expression of the cyclin D1 protein was noted in 32 of 69 samples (46%; 44% of the samples from males and 50% of the samples from females). Positive nuclear staining for the cyclin D1 protein in Barrett's disease with intestinal metaplasia was found in 38% of the male cases and 25% of the female cases, whereas in gastric metaplasia it was positive in 33% of men and 48% of women. Nuclear accumulation of the cyclin D1 protein was also found in both dysplastic and nondysplastic lesions, and it was not associated with sex, age, or cigarette or alcohol consumption. Samples from patients taking proton pump inhibitors tended to be less frequently positive (32%) for cyclin D1 nuclear staining when compared to patients taking H2 antagonists (45%) or antacids (55%). These studies suggest that increased expression of cyclin D1 is an early event in the tumorigenic process of esophageal adenocarcinomas and that the increased expression of this gene might predispose the epithelium to malignant transformation.