gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Aflatoxin Monitoring Costs along the Maize Supply Chain (2019)

An optimization model was used to gain insight into cost-effective monitoring plans for aflatoxins along the maize supply chain. The model was based on a typical Dutch maize chain, with maize grown in the Black Sea region, and transported by ship to the Netherlands for use as an ingredient in compound feed for dairy cattle. Six different scenarios, with different aflatoxin concentrations at harvest and possible aflatoxin production during transport, were used. By minimizing the costs and using parameters such as the concentration, the variance of the sampling plan, and the monitoring and replacement costs, the model optimized the control points (CPs; e.g., after harvest, before or after transport by sea ship), the number of batches sampled at the CP, and the number of samples per batch. This optimization approach led to an end-of-chain aflatoxin concentration below the predetermined limit. The model showed that, when postharvest aflatoxin production was not possible, it was most cost-effective to collect samples from all batches and replace contaminated batches directly after the harvest, since the replacement costs were the lowest at the origin of the chain. When there was aflatoxin production during storage, it was most cost-effective to collect samples and replace contaminated batches after storage and transport to avoid the duplicate before and after monitoring and replacement costs. Further along the chain a contaminated batch is detected, the more stakeholders are involved, the more expensive the replacement costs and possible recall costs become.
Reply to Roerink et al: Methods for recruitment, serum separation, and storage were the same for patients and controls (2017)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Ag3V2(PO4)2F3, a new compound obtained by Ag+/Na+ ion exchange into the Na3V2(PO4)2F3 framework (2018)

A new fluorophosphate polyanionic compound has been made by Ag<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ion exchange, leading to several potential technological applications.
Proactive Handover Based on Human Blockage Prediction Using RGB-D Cameras for mmWave Communications (2016)

To substantially alleviate the human blockage problem in mmWave communications, this paper proposes a proactive handover system based on human blockage prediction using RGB and depth (RGB-D) cameras. The proposed scheme uses RGB-D camera images to estimate the mobility of pedestrians and to predict when blockage will occur. On the basis of this information, the proposed system transfers a mobile station (STA) communicating with one wireless BS (base station) to another BS before human blockage occurs and thus avoids blockage-induced throughput degradation. This paper presents performance modeling of both proactive handover scheme and reactive handover scheme which is based on the received power level. A numerical evaluation reveals conditions under which the proactive handover scheme achieves higher spectral efficiency compared to reactive scheme. In addition, using IEEE 802.11ad-based wireless local area network (WLAN) devices, a testbed for implementing the proposed system is built. The innovative experimental results demonstrate that the proactive handover system can considerably reduce the duration of human blockage-induced degradation of throughput performance relative to the reactive scheme.
HighTcsuperconductivity in a critical range of micro-strain and charge density in diborides (2001)

Expansion of the superlattice of boron layers, with AB(2) structure, due to different intercalated A atoms has been studied to understand the emergence of high T-c superconductivity in the diborides. The structure of these metal heterostructures at the atomic limit (MEHALs) (with A = Al, Mg, Ti, Hf, Zr) has been measured by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The increasing atomic radius of the intercalated A ions induces an increase of (1) the separation between the boron layers and (2) the tensile micro-strain epsilon of the B-B distance within the boron layers. The results show that the superconductivity in these MEHALs appears in a critical region in a phase diagram controlled by two variables, the micro-strain and the charge density (epsilon, rho).
Maximum a Posteriori Based Fusion Method for Speech Emotion Recognition (2015)

This chapter extends the hybrid scheme into a more general Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) based fusion method. The proposed fusion method is capable of effectively combining the strengths of several classification methods for recognition of emotional states in speech signals. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Universal Background Model-Gaussian Mixture Model (UBM-GMM), and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) are used as base classifiers in the numerical experiments presented in the chapter. Numerical results show that higher accuracies can be achieved compared with those obtained using the base classifiers alone in the classification of 15 emotional states for the samples extracted from the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) database. The chapter also discusses the acoustic feature extraction process for emotion recognition. It presents the proposed MAP-based fusion classification method.
Nigeria: “Ground Zero" for the High Prevalence Neglected Tropical Diseases (2012)

Among all of the African nations, Nigeria has the greatest number of people infected with neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). With the right political will, the country has sufficient resources to expand its current investments for the important work of Nigeria's NTD program.
Retrograde transport of radiolabeled cytoskeletal proteins in transected nerves (1994)

Slow axonal transport is the mechanism by which cytoskeletal proteins are distributed within the axon. This function has traditionally been considered an exclusively unidirectional, anterograde process. Previous observations of cytoskeletal redistribution in surviving, transected axons of the C57BL/Ola mouse led us to hypothesize a retrograde component of cytoskeletal transport. To test this hypothesis against previous methods of measuring slow transport of cytoskeleton, we radioactively pulse-labeled proteins in sensory neurons of C57BL/Ola mice and followed their redistribution by gel fluorography in ligated and unligated sciatic nerves. Slow axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins proceeded with the same characteristics in C57BL/Ola as in standard C57BL/6 mice. In comparison to the transport profiles from unligated control nerves, in ligated nerves there was redistribution of radiolabeled neurofilament and tubulin proteins back toward the cell body during the 14 d experimental period. These observations demonstrate that pulse-labeled cytoskeletal proteins move bidirectionally in this experimental system, and may provide insight into the normal mechanisms of cytoskeletal maintenance.
Neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy, capecitabine, and liver transplantation for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (2013)

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a difficult malignancy to treat surgically because of its anatomical location and its frequent association with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation in lymph node-negative patients has been advanced by select liver transplant centers for the treatment of patients with unresectable disease. This approach has most commonly used external-beam radiotherapy in combination with biliary brachytherapy and 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Our center recently embarked on a protocol using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by capecitabine in lymph node-negative patients until liver transplantation. We, therefore, retrospectively determined the tolerability and pathological response in this pilot study. During a 3-year period, 17 patients with unresectable hilar CCA were evaluated for treatment under this protocol. In all, 12 patients qualified for neoadjuvant therapy and were treated with SBRT (50-60 Gy in 3-5 fractions over the course of 2 weeks). After 1 week of rest, capecitabine was initiated at 1330 mg/m(2) /day, and it was continued until liver transplantation. During neoadjuvant therapy, there were 35 adverse events in all, with cholangitis and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia being the most common. Capecitabine dose reductions were required on 5 occasions. Ultimately, 9 patients were listed for transplantation, and 6 patients received a liver transplant. The explant pathology of hilar tumors showed at least a partial treatment response in 5 patients, with extensive tumor necrosis and fibrosis noted. Additionally, high apoptotic indices and low proliferative indices were measured during histological examinations. Eleven transplant-related complications occurred, and the 1-year survival rate after transplantation was 83%. In this pilot study, neoadjuvant therapy with SBRT, capecitabine, and liver transplantation for unresectable CCA demonstrated acceptable tolerability. Further studies will determine the overall future efficacy of this therapy.
Randomized Controlled Trial on Effectiveness of Ultrasonography Screening for Breast Cancer in Women Aged 40-49 (J-START): Research Design (2010)

In cancer screening, it is essential to undertake effective screening with appropriate methodology, which should be supported by evidence of a reduced mortality rate. At present, mammography is the only method for breast cancer screening with such evidence. However, mammography does not achieve sufficient accuracy in breasts with high density at ages below 50. Although ultrasonography achieves better accuracy in Breast Cancer detection even in dense breasts, the effectiveness has not been verified. We have planned a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonography in women aged 40-49, with a design to study 50,000 women with mammography and ultrasonography (intervention group), and 50,000 controls with mammography only (control group). The participants are scheduled to take second round screening with the same modality 2 years on. The primary endpoints are sensitivity and specificity, and the secondary endpoint is the rate of advanced breast cancers.
Importance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis in therapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone given every 14 days for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in routine clinical practice (2012)

The reader is advised to check the appropriate medical literature and the product information currently provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the dosages, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications.It is the responsibility of the treating physician or other health care professional, relying on his or her independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine drug dosages and the best treatment for the patient.
Recombineering and I-SceI-mediatedPseudomonas putidaKT2440 scarless gene deletion (2016)

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a saprophytic and generally recognized as safe microorganism that plays important roles in the biodegradation and production of value-added chemicals. Chromosomal gene deletion of P. putida KT2440 usually involves time-consuming gene cloning, conjugal transfer and counterselection. Recently, we developed a P. putida KT2440 markerless gene deletion method based on recombineering and Cre/loxP site-specific recombination. PCR-based Red recombineering circumvents the tedious cloning steps and is more amenable to high-throughput manipulation. Here we report an improved scarless gene deletion strategy based on recombineering and intron-encoded homing endonuclease I-SceI-mediated double-strand break repair. Sixteen drug exporter gene(s) were deleted and the minimal inhibition concentrations of the mutants to a variety of antibiotics were determined. The robustness of the procedure was also demonstrated by sequential deletion of five large genomic regions. Up to 59% recombination efficiency was achieved for a 54.8 kb deletion, and the efficiency of RecA-mediated double-strand break repair, which was boosted by Red recombinase, was nearly 100%. The strain with a 3.76% genome reduction showed an improved growth rate and transformation efficiency. The straightforward, time-saving and highly efficient scarless deletion approach has the potential to facilitate the genetic study, and biotechnological and environmental applications of P. putida KT2440.
ECR plasma oxidation effects on performance and stability of polysilicon thin film transistors (2002)

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma thermal oxide has been investigated as a gate insulator of poly-Si TFT's. The ECR plasma thermal oxide grown on poly-Si film shows good electrical characteristics and renders a smooth interface with the poly-Si film. The fabricated poly-Si TFTs, even without plasma hydrogenation, show high performance characteristics. Both as-fabricated and plasma hydrogenated TFT's exhibit only a small threshold voltage shift (/spl Delta/V/sub th/<0.3 V) after 5/spl times/10/sup 4/ sec electrical stress in the saturation region and linear region (T/sub ox/=42 nm, V/sub gs/=15 V, V/sub ds/=0 V/spl sim/15 V).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How near-duplicate detection improves editors' and authors' publishing experience (2021)

We describe a system that helps identify manuscripts submitted to multiple journals at the same time. Also, we discuss potential applications of the near-duplicate detection technology when run with manuscript text content, including identification of simultaneous submissions, prevention of duplicate published articles, and improving article transfer service.
Tracking Molecular Recognition at the Atomic Level with a New Protein Scaffold Based on the OB-Fold (2014)

The OB-fold is a small, versatile single-domain protein binding module that occurs in all forms of life, where it binds protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid and small-molecule ligands. We have exploited this natural plasticity to engineer a new class of non-immunoglobulin alternatives to antibodies with unique structural and biophysical characteristics. We present here the engineering of the OB-fold anticodon recognition domain from aspartyl tRNA synthetase taken from the thermophile Pyrobaculum aerophilum. For this single-domain scaffold we have coined the term OBody. Starting from a naïve combinatorial library, we engineered an OBody with 3 nM affinity for hen egg-white lysozyme, by optimising the affinity of a naïve OBody 11,700-fold over several affinity maturation steps, using phage display. At each maturation step a crystal structure of the engineered OBody in complex with hen egg-white lysozyme was determined, showing binding elements in atomic detail. These structures have given us an unprecedented insight into the directed evolution of affinity for a single antigen on the molecular scale. The engineered OBodies retain the high thermal stability of the parental OB-fold despite mutation of up to 22% of their residues. They can be expressed in soluble form and also purified from bacteria at high yields. They also lack disulfide bonds. These data demonstrate the potential of OBodies as a new scaffold for the engineering of specific binding reagents and provide a platform for further development of future OBody-based applications.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF SOME BLUEGREEN ALGAE TO THE PROTOZOAN PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM1 (1978)

ABSTRACT Four species of bluegreen algae were tested for possible effect on the protozoan Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg. Toxicity was demonstrated using lyophilized cells of Fischerella epiphytica Ghose and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet &amp; Thuret failed to show any effects when lyophilized but became toxic when sonified. Anabaena flos‐aquae (Lyngb.) Bréb. was nontoxic in all tests. G. echinulata was lethal at 0.1 mg·ml −1 which is comparable to the toxic concentration of Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae (L.) Ralfs reported for microcrustaceans.
ChemInform Abstract: Crown Ether Styryl Dyes. Part 15. Synthesis and Two Pathways for Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cation‐Dependent (2 + 2)‐Autophotocycloaddition of Chromogenic 15‐Crown‐5 Betaines in the Quinoline Series. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MIND and Mediterranean Diets Associated with Later Onset of Parkinson's Disease (2021)

This cross-sectional study found a strong correlation between age of onset of PD and dietary habits, suggesting that nutritional strategies may be an effective tool to delay PD onset. Further studies may help to elucidate potential nutrition-related sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms and differential prevalence rates in PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Colored Noise and Regularization Parameter Selection for Waveform Metrology (2014)

We study six algorithms to select a regularization parameter for deconvolution problems appearing in high-speed communication measurement applications. We investigate these algorithms in the presence of unspecified noise correlation analyzing their performance as components of a multivariate random variable and study their joint distribution by Monte Carlo. We find that several parameter selection algorithms, despite their widespread use, are not robust to unspecified noise correlations. Specifically, the discrepancy principle fails to return adequate regularizations for rough noise, while the generalized cross validation (GCV), unbiased predictive risk, and information complexity selectors can fail for smooth noise. For some experimental configurations, GCV failed completely, returning zero successful inversions out of 500 noise instantiations. These parameter selection algorithms share in the characteristic that they do not contain mechanisms to monitor quantities derived from the parameter-dependent solution vector. By contrast, the L-curve and quasi-optimality criteria do contain such mechanisms, and furthermore exhibited significantly fewer failures and correlated highly with the optimal inversion across all noise levels and correlations.
An eight‐channel, nonoverlapping phased array coil with capacitive decoupling for parallel MRI at 3 T (2007)

Abstract An eight‐channel, nonoverlapping phased array coil was designed for conventional and parallel imaging of the brain and the hip at 3T. The nonoverlapping design was selected on the basis of reduced parallel reconstruction noise inflation, as predicted by the diminution of g‐factor hotspots in SENSE reconstruction simulations, and the higher peripheral signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) expected from smaller coil elements. A capacitive bridging technique, modeled by a circuit simulation, reduced the crosstalk between nearest neighbors to a manageable level. The capacitive decoupling technique was effective enough to allow the coil to be operated using standard system preamplifiers. The coil was shown to be useful for several conventional and parallel imaging applications. SNR improvements over a commercial eight‐channel head coil were demonstrated in important structures in EPI‐SENSE diffusion‐weighted imaging. High‐resolution MRSI (0.22 cc) yielded SNR of up to 21 for the NAA peak in the cortical gray matter. The coil also provided excellent fourfold accelerated GRAPPA images of the hip. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 37–43, 2007
The role of two endogenous proteases of the stratum corneum in degradation of desmoglein-1 and their reduced activity in the skin of ichthyotic patients (1996)

We investigated the role of stratum corneum (SC) trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases in the degradation of desmoglein-1 (DSG-1) in the SC sheet. DSG-1, whose presence in the SC sheet was confirmed by Western blot analysis, was degraded completely during incubation of the SC sheet in Tris buffer. The degradation of DSG-1 was inhibited by the addition of protease inhibitors, such as aprotinin or a mixture of leupeptin and chymostatin. Either leupeptin or chymostatin alone did not inhibit its degradation. These results indicated that both trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases are involved in the degradation of DSG-1. We further examined the activities of the two proteases in the SC obtained from patients with ichthyosis vulgaris, in whom SC desquamation is abnormal. The enzymatic activities measured using synthetic substrates were significantly decreased in these ichthyotic SC samples. This result supports the idea that these proteases play an important role in normal SC desquamation.
Water Oxidation Catalysts from Waste Metal Resources: A Facile Metal-Organic Electrochemical Approach (2019)

Abstract A fabrication route is presented by a novel metal-organic electrochemical approach, allowing facile preparation of electrocatalytic metal and metal oxide thin films from solid metals at room temperature: divalent transition metals such as iron, nickel and cobalt can be deposited as amorphous oxyhydroxide films. Among them, nickel- and cobalt-prepared samples are showing high activity as water oxidation catalysts in alkaline electrolytes. The applicability to waste metal material is exemplified using one of the most abundant waste metal alloys, i.e. steel: with a suitable multi-layer architecture, comprising, a large surface-area iron oxyhydroxide core-geometry and a steel-derived catalytic overlayer, the overpotential for oxygen evolution (at 10 mA cm −2 ) could be improved to only 370 mV. Chemical analysis is provided to elucidate the reaction pathway, encompassing metal halogenation, formation of meta-stable metal-organic intermediates or direct electrochemical reduction, respectively. Structural peculiarities of the derived films are finally demonstrated upon development of a photoactive nickel oxyhydroxide/silicon junction realizing a photocurrent of 1 mA cm −2 at the thermodynamic potential for oxygen evolution and short-term stabilization in the range of several hours.
[Analysis of anisodine and its metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. (2006)

This method is sensitive, rapid, simple, and it is suitable for the rapid identification of drug and its metabolits.
Connect Four and Graph Decomposition (2012)

We introduce the standard decomposition, a way of decomposing a labeled graph\ninto a sum of certain labeled subgraphs. We motivate this graph-theoretic\nconcept by relating it to Connect Four decompositions of standard sets. We\nprove that all standard decompositions can be generated in polynomial time,\nwhich implies that all Connect Four decompositions can be generated in\npolynomial time.\n