gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Efficacy of Favipiravir against Two Prominent Etiological Agents of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (2013)

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is caused by infection with several Sigmodontinae- and Neotominae-borne hantaviruses and has a case fatality rate of 30 to 50%. Humans often become infected by inhalation of materials contaminated with virus-laden rodent urine or saliva, although human-to-human transmission has also been documented for Andes virus (ANDV). The ability to transmit via aerosolization, coupled with the high mortality rates and lack of therapeutic options, makes the development of medical countermeasures against HPS imperative. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent favipiravir (T-705) against Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and ANDV, the predominant causes of HPS in North and South America, respectively. In vitro, T-705 potently inhibited SNV and ANDV, as evidenced by decreased detection of viral RNA and reduced infectious titers. For both viruses, the 90% effective concentration was estimated at ≤5 μg/ml (≤31.8 μM). In the lethal ANDV hamster model, daily administration of oral T-705 at 50 or 100 mg/kg of body weight diminished the detection of viral RNA and antigen in tissue specimens and significantly improved survival rates. Oral T-705 therapy remained protective against HPS when treatment was initiated prior to the onset of viremia. No disease model for SNV exists; however, using a hamster-adapted SNV, we found that daily administration of oral T-705 significantly reduced the detection of SNV RNA and antigen in tissue specimens, suggesting that the compound would also be effective against HPS in North America. Combined, these results suggest that T-705 treatment is beneficial for postexposure prophylaxis against HPS-causing viruses and should be considered for probable exposures.
Molecular Basis of the Pharmacological Difference between Rat and Human Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 (BRS-3) (2002)

We cloned the gene and cDNA for rat bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) and characterized its mRNA expression pattern and pharmacological properties. Despite the high degree of sequence similarity (80% identical), rat and human BRS-3 differ markedly in their pharmacological properties. Although the natural ligand for BRS-3 is still unknown, a synthetic peptide, dY-Q-W-A-V-(beta-A)-H-F-Nle-amide (dY-bombesin), activates human BRS-3 with an EC(50) of 1.2 nM. In contrast, dY-bombesin had a very poor potency for rat BRS-3 (EC(50) = 2 microM). To understand the molecular basis of this pharmacological difference, we constructed chimeric receptors in which individual extracellular loops of rat BRS-3 were replaced with the corresponding human sequences. Switching the N-terminal region or the second extracellular loop did not significantly change receptor properties. However, switching the third extracellular loop (E3) in the rat BRS-3 resulted in a chimeric receptor (RB3-E3) that behaved almost identically to human BRS-3. RB3-E3 bound dY-bombesin with high affinity (K(i) = 1.2 +/- 0.7 nM), and was activated by dY-bombesin with high potency (EC(50) = 1.8 +/- 0.5 nM). Within the E3 loop, mutation of Y(298)E(299)S(300) to S(298)Q(299)T(300) (RB3-SQT) or of D(306)V(307)P(308) to A(306)M(307)H(308) (RB3-AMH) only partially mimicked the effect of switching the entire E3 loop, and mutation of A(302)E(303) to V(302)D(303) or of V(310)V(311) to I(310)F(311) had little effect on the dY-bombesin potency. These results indicate that the sequence variation in the E3 loop is responsible for the species difference between rat and human BRS-3, and multiple residues in the E3 loop are involved in interactions with the agonist dY-bombesin.
Supplementary Table 2 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to <i>De novo</i> DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells
Moveout inversion of wide-azimuth P-wave data for tilted TI media (2011)

Abstract Currently TTI (transversely isotropic with a tilted symmetry axis) models are widely used for velocity analysis and imaging in many exploration areas. We develop a 3D parameter-estimation algorithm for TTI media composed of homogeneous layers separated by plane dipping interfaces. The input data include P-wave NMO ellipses and time slopes (horizontal slownesses of the zero-offset rays) combined with borehole information. If the symmetry axis is perpendicular to the bottom of each layer, it is possible to estimate the interval symmetry-direction velocity VP0, anisotropy parameter δ, and the reflector orientation using a single constraint — the reflector depth. The algorithm can tolerate small (≤ 5 ∘) deviation of the symmetry axis from the reflector normal. However, as is the case for the 2D problem, the parameter ɛ can seldom be obtained without nonhyperbolic moveout inversion. If the symmetry axis deviates from the reflector normal but is confined to the dip plane, stable parameter estimation requires specifying a relationship between the tilt and dip in each layer. When the tilt represents a free parameter, the input data have to be supplemented by wide-azimuth VSP traveltimes with the offset reaching at least 1/4 of the maximum reflector depth. Moreover, the additional angle coverage provided by VSP data may help resolve the parameter ɛ in the upper part of the model. The developed methodology can be used to build an accurate initial anisotropic velocity model for processing of wide-azimuth surveys.
238 x 238 micromechanical optical cross connect (2003)

This letter describes a 238/spl times/238 beam-steering optical cross connect constructed using surface micromachined mirrors. Its innovative optical configuration resulted in superior optical performance, achieving a mean fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 1.33 dB and a maximum insertion loss for all 56 644 connections of 2 dB.
Determining vitreousness of durem wheat kernel using near infrared hyperspectral imaging (2006)

Vitreousness is an important grading factor for durum wheat kernel that is associated with protein content. The European Union (EU) regulation stipulates the use of a visual method to determine the vitreousness rate. However, some authors have been interested in the developpement of automatic and non destructive methods based on near infrared spectroscopy or digital imaging technology. In this paper, we propose to couple spectroscopy and digital imaging technology and thus to analyse the potentialities of near infrared hyperspectral imaging system to classify wheat kernels by their vitreousness. Hyperspectral reflectance images of wheat kernel at different vitreousness rate has been achieved (wavelength range : 650-1100 nm). A discrimination method using latent variables from a PLS enabled to obtain satisfactory discrimination results : perfect separation between vitreous and non-vitreous kernels and a classification rate reaching up to 94% for the discrimination of total and partial starchy kernel classes / La vitrescence est un important facteur de classification pour les grains de blé et qui est associé au taux de protéine. L'union Européenne stipule l'utilisation d'une méthode visuelle pour la détermination du taux de vitrescence. Cependant, certains auteurs se sont intéressés au développement d'une méthode non destructive et automatique basée sur la spectroscopie proche infrarouge ou l'analyse d'image. Dans ce papier, on propose de couples ces deux techonolies et ainsi d'analyser le potentiel de l'imagerie hyperspectrale proche infrarouge pour classifier les grains de blé suivant leur taux de vitrescence. Pour cela, nous avons acquis des images hyperspectrales de réflectance de grains de blés à différent taux de vitrescence (longueur d'onde : 650-1100 nm). Une méthode de discrimination basée sur l'utilisation de variables latentes issues d'une régression partielle moindres carrés (PLS) a permis d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants: séparation parfaite entre grain vitreux et non vitreux et un taux de classification atteingnant 94% pour la discrimination de classes intermédiaires
Detecting objects in large image collections and videos by efficient subimage retrieval (2009)

We study the task of detecting the occurrence of objects in large image collections or in videos, a problem that combines aspects of content based image retrieval and object localization. While most previous approaches are either limited to special kinds of queries, or do not scale to large image sets, we propose a new method, efficient subimage retrieval (ESR), that is at the same time very flexible and very efficient. Relying on a two-layered branch-and-bound setup, ESR performs object-based image retrieval in sets of 100,000 or more images within seconds. An extensive evaluation on several datasets shows that ESR is not only very fast, but it also achieves excellent detection accuracies thereby improving over previous systems for object-based image retrieval.
An endocrine-hepato-muscular metabolic cycle links skeletal muscle atrophy and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (2020)

Abstract Both obesity and sarcopenia are frequently associated in ageing, and together may promote the progression of related conditions such as diabetes and frailty. However, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this association. Here we uncover dysregulated systemic alanine metabolism and hyper-expression of the alanine transaminases (ALT) in the liver of obese/diabetic mice and humans. Hepatocyte-selective silencing of both ALT enzymes revealed a clear role in systemic alanine clearance which related to glycemic control. In obese/diabetic mice, not only did silencing both ALT enzymes retard hyperglycemia, but also reversed skeletal muscle atrophy. This was due to a rescue of depressed skeletal muscle protein synthesis, with a liver-skeletal muscle amino acid metabolic crosstalk exemplified by ex vivo experiments. Mechanistically, chronic liver glucocorticoid and glucagon signaling driven liver alanine catabolism promoted hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle wasting. Taken together, here we reveal an endocrine-hepato-muscular metabolic cycle linking hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetes.
Germanium Polishing via Femtosecond Laser Radiation (2019)

Femtosecond laser polishing of germanium was demonstrated by controlling laser parameters to realize smooth processing. Scalable material removal with optical quality was achieved, showing the capability of femtosecond lasers for precision polishing.
Challenges for Density Functional Theory (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChallenges for Density Functional TheoryAron J. Cohen*, Paula Mori-Sánchez*, and Weitao YangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States*E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1, 289–320Publication Date (Web):December 22, 2011Publication History Received5 April 2011Published online22 December 2011Published inissue 11 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200107zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200107zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32911Altmetric-Citations1860LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Density functional theory,Electrical energy,Energy,Molecules,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
A Patient-Specific Computer Tomography-Based Finite Element Methodology to Calculate the Six Dimensional Stiffness Matrix of Human Vertebral Bodies (2012)

In most finite element (FE) studies of vertebral bodies, axial compression is the loading mode of choice to investigate structural properties, but this might not adequately reflect the various loads to which the spine is subjected during daily activities or the increased fracture risk associated with shearing or bending loads. This work aims at proposing a patient-specific computer tomography (CT)-based methodology, using the currently most advanced, clinically applicable finite element approach to perform a structural investigation of the vertebral body by calculation of its full six dimensional (6D) stiffness matrix. FE models were created from voxel images after smoothing of the peripheral voxels and extrusion of a cortical shell, with material laws describing heterogeneous, anisotropic elasticity for trabecular bone, isotropic elasticity for the cortex based on experimental data. Validated against experimental axial stiffness, these models were loaded in the six canonical modes and their 6D stiffness matrix calculated. Results show that, on average, the major vertebral rigidities correlated well or excellently with the axial rigidity but that weaker correlations were observed for the minor coupling rigidities and for the image-based density measurements. This suggests that axial rigidity is representative of the overall stiffness of the vertebral body and that finite element analysis brings more insight in vertebral fragility than densitometric approaches. Finally, this extended patient-specific FE methodology provides a more complete quantification of structural properties for clinical studies at the spine.
Online Algorithms for Dynamic Matching Markets in Power Distribution\n Systems (2020)

This paper proposes online algorithms for dynamic matching markets in power\ndistribution systems, which at any real-time operation instance decides about\nmatching -- or delaying the supply of -- flexible loads with available\nrenewable generation with the objective of maximizing the social welfare of the\nexchange in the system. More specifically, two online matching algorithms are\nproposed for the following generation-load scenarios: (i) when the mean of\nrenewable generation is greater than the mean of the flexible load, and (ii)\nwhen the condition (i) is reversed. With the intuition that the performance of\nsuch algorithms degrades with increasing randomness of the supply and demand,\ntwo properties are proposed for assessing the performance of the algorithms.\nFirst property is convergence to optimality (CO) as the underlying randomness\nof renewable generation and customer loads goes to zero. The second property is\ndeviation from optimality, is measured as a function of the standard deviation\nof the underlying randomness of renewable generation and customer loads. The\nalgorithm proposed for the first scenario is shown to satisfy CO and a\ndeviation from optimal that varies linearly with the variation in the standard\ndeviation. But the same algorithm is shown to not satisfy CO for the second\nscenario. We then show that the algorithm proposed for the second scenario\nsatisfies CO and a deviation from optimal that varies linearly with the\nvariation in standard deviation plus an offset.\n
Serotype Changes and Drug Resistance in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Adults after Vaccinations in Children, Japan, 2010–2013 (2015)

After 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) for children was introduced in Japan in November 2010, we examined changes in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and in genetic antimicrobial drug resistance of isolates from adults with invasive pneumococcal diseases. During April 2010-March 2013, a total of 715 isolates were collected from adults with invasive pneumococcal diseases. Seven-valent PCV serotypes in adults decreased from 43.3% to 23.8%, most noticeably for serotype 6B. Concomitantly, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) serotypes decreased from 82.2% to 72.2%; non-PPSV23 serotypes increased from 13.8% to 25.1%. Parallel with serotype changes, genotypic penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae decreased from 32.4% to 21.1%, and 6 non-PPSV23 serotypes emerged (6D, 15A, 15C, 16F, 23A, and 35B). Respective vaccine coverage rates for 13-valent PCV and PPSV23 differed by disease: 73.9% and 84.3% for patients with pneumonia, 56.4% and 69.2% for patients with bacteremia and sepsis, and 45.7% and 69.3% for patients with meningitis.
Audio channel Dynamic Spectrum Access (2014)

A prototype Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) system is implemented, for ease of implementation, using the audio spectrum. In this setup, laptop PCs behave as two software defined radios (SDR), one a primary user (PU) and the other a secondary user (SU). The radios communicate digital information over the air, using the audio capabilities of standard soundcards. The PU, which is emulating the licensed user of an audio channel centered at 4 kHz, communicates using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated data in periodic bursts. A cognitive radio (CR) based SU wishes to opportunistically occupy the PU channel during the inter-burst times, i.e. during the temporal ‘spectrum holes,’ while not interfering with the PU traffic. The PU link is implemented in MATLAB, while the SU is defined in GNU Radio with a separate Python control module defining its algorithm for spectrum sensing and hopping. The implementation of both communication links is described, as well as the initial performance evaluation of the preliminary system in terms of bit error rate performance of the PU with and without the presence of an active SU. The measured BER achieved for the best of the PU bursts with DSA was on the order of a few percent, just slightly higher than without DSA.
Impulsive breakdown in water: Optimisation of energy delivery for high acoustic output (2017)

The high voltage impulsive breakdown process in water is complex, with the nature of the impulsive breakdown depending upon the magnitude, polarity and rise time of the HV impulses, the water conductivity, and the electrode topology. In the case of μs and sub-μs high voltage impulses of sufficient magnitude, the breakdown develops through the formation of plasma streamers in the water. When the first streamer crosses the entire inter-electrode gap, the energy released in the breakdown channel transforms this channel into a gas/vapor cavity, which pulsates and radiates acoustic impulse(s). Optimisation of the hydrodynamic (period of cavity oscillation) and acoustic (peak magnitude of the acoustic impulse(s)) parameters is required for practical applications of these underwater spark discharges. The present paper analyses the functional behavior of the period of cavity oscillation and the peak magnitude of the acoustic impulse for spark discharges generated by self-triggered underwater discharges (free discharges), spark discharges triggered by air bubbles injected into the inter-electrode gap, and wire-guided discharges. The advantages and limitations of these methods of generation of underwater acoustic impulses by spark discharges are discussed.
Wearable Walking Aid System to Assist Visually Impaired Persons to Navigate Sidewalks (2021)

Sidewalks are one of the busiest and noisiest places people navigate on a daily basis. This poses a challenge especially for visually impaired persons, who lack the crucial sense of sight. Currently implemented mass measures to aid them are bumps and color indicators on sidewalks and also the walking sticks that such persons are dependent on to avoid collisions with other pedestrians and obstacles. We propose a system which incorporates a wearable device in the form of a glove and an Android device to assist visually impaired persons and make it easier for them to navigate safely. The Android device and the glove sync together via Bluetooth connection, the vibration actuators in the glove provide haptic feedback to the user corresponding to instructions from the paired device. Our Android application captures a live video of the world in front of the user using the camera of the device and performs a sequence of computer vision tasks in real-time to inform the user via haptic feedback, about the direction of oncoming persons in their surroundings, possible chances of collision with these persons, position and state of the traffic lights, presence of stop signs and other road signs. The performance of the solution has been tested by conducting real life deployment tests on 15 blindfolded visually abled subjects and has yielded an accuracy of 84.45% in aiding them.
Semi-Infinite Target Design Effects on Terminal Ballistics Performance - Influence of Plate Spacing on Penetrator Energy Partitioning (2005)

Abstract : The difference in terminal ballistic performance of four semi-infinite target designs fabricated with different amounts of plate spacing was investigated. Three of the target designs were made from 25-mm-thick steel plates stacked together with either 0, 1.5, or 3.0-mm space between each plate. The fourth target design was a single, monolithic block of steel. Each target was impacted with a kinetic-energy penetrator made from tungsten-sintered alloy at an approximate speed of 1600 m/s. Plate spacing was found to result in increased penetration depth. Several energy sink sources are considered to explain the fundamental mechanisms associated with the observed results.
Measured DC performance of large arrays of silicon field emitters (1994)

Large arrays of silicon field emitters are being produced at MCNC for use in RF and microwave amplifiers and other high-intensity electron beam source applications. Significant levels of both total emitted current (up to 7 mA) and current density (7 A/cm/sup 2/) are obtained using gate electrode potentials less than 250 V with emission efficiencies as high as 99%. Large arrays of field emitters are operated at 100% duty cycle for over 18 hours. Data from devices with 1197 and 232 630 tips are presented, along with electrical yield statistics for arrays of other sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>