gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting sustained adoption of education innovations: The Designing for Sustained Adoption Assessment Instrument (2015)

Background: Every year, significant effort and resources are expended around the world to develop innovative instructional strategies and materials to improve undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics education. Despite convincing evidence of efficacy with respect to student learning, most will struggle to become successfully propagated to reach widespread use. To help developers improve their propagation plans and to encourage sustained adoption, we have developed an assessment instrument that supports development, analysis, evaluation, and refinement of propagation plans. Results: Based on our synthesis of the literature, our analysis of successfully propagated innovations, and our analysis of a subset of funded NSF CCLI proposals, we argue that a primary reason for the lack of adoption is that developers focus their efforts on dissemination (spreading the word) instead of propagation (promoting successful adoption). To help developers focus on development of more effective propagation plans, the Designing for Sustained Adoption Assessment Instrument (DSAAI) is based on three primary bodies of literature: (1) change theory, (2) instructional systems, and (3) effective propagation strategies. The assessment instrument was designed in the form of a rubric to help education developers identify strengths and areas for improvement of their propagation plans. Based on extensive testing across several different groups of users, the DSAAI is divided into four main sections: identification of product type, features of target instructional strategies and/or materials, a propagation activities checklist, and aspects of the propagation plans that influence likelihood of successful propagation. Conclusions: The instrument has proven useful for a variety of audiences to evaluate and improve proposals and current research projects. Education developers who provided feedback during the development of this assessment instrument found it useful because it helped them not only evaluate their propagation plans but also become aware of other strategies they could use to help develop and disseminate products of current projects, as well as strategies for supporting future adopters. Grant writing consultants can use it to provide feedback to their clients, and funding agencies can use parts of the DSAAI framework to evaluate grant proposals.
Dissociation of the Medial Prefrontal, Posterior Parietal, and Posterior Temporal Cortex for Spatial Navigation and Recognition Memory in the Rat (1994)

Rats with lesions of the medial prefrontal, posterior parietal, or posterior temporal cortex were tested in five spatial navigation tasks, which varied in egocentric or allocentric demands, a visual discrimination task, and two delayed nonmatching-to-sample tasks. Rats with prefrontal lesions were impaired at every spatial navigation task, whereas rats with posterior parietal lesions had selective spatial navigation impairments. Rats with prefrontal lesions were also impaired at a visual delayed nonmatching-to-sample task, as they were unable to learn the task, even with no delay. The results are consistent with the idea that the basic plan of mammalian cortex includes prefrontal, posterior parietal, and posterior temporal regions, each of which have generally similar functions across mammalian taxa. There are, however, species-typical differences that reflect specific ecological pressures on the development of the different regions.
A 100-MS/s 8-b CMOS subranging ADC with sustained parametric performance from 3.8 V down to 2.2 V (2001)

A 100-MS/s 8-b CMOS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed for very low supply voltage and power dissipation is presented. This single-ended-input ADC is based on the unified two-step subranging architecture, which processes the coarse and fine decisions in identical signal paths to maximize their matching. However, to minimize power and area, the coarse-to-fine overlap correction has been aggressively reduced to only one LSB. The ADC incorporates five established design techniques to maximize performance: bottom-plate sampling, distributed sampling, autozeroing, interpolation, and interleaving. Very low voltage operation required for a general purpose ADC was obtained with four additional and new circuit techniques. These are a dual-gain first-stage amplifier, differential T-gate boosting, a supply independent delay generator, and a digital delay-locked-loop controlled output driver. For a clock rate of 100 MS/s, 7.0 (7.3) effective bits for a 50 MHz (10 MHz) input are maintained from 3.8 V down to 2.2 V. At 2.2 V, this 100-MS/s converter dissipates 75 mW plus 9 mW for the reference ladder. For a typical supply of 2.7 V, it consumes just 1 mW per MS/s over the 10-160-MS/s clock frequency range. Differential nonlinearity below 0.5 LSB is maintained from 2.7 V down to 2.2 V, and it degrades only slightly to 0.8 LSB at 3.8-V supply. The converter is implemented in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process, with double-poly capacitors and no low-threshold devices.
Antiplatelet adhesion behavior of hyperbranched poly(l‐lactide)s containing glutamic acid terminal groups (2018)

ABSTRACT The surface properties and antiplatelet adhesion behavior of terminally functionalized hyperbranched poly( l ‐lactide)s (HB PLLA n ‐Glu, n = 5, 10, 20) were examined. Contact angle changes and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements indicated that the hydrated glutamic acid units in HB PLLA n ‐Glu films migrated to the surface during immersing in water and unique microdomains were observed from the HB PLLA10‐Glu film after water immersion. HB PLLA10‐Glu and HB PLLA5‐Glu prevented platelet adhesion, but HB PLLA20‐Glu showed the typical platelet adhesion response for a hydrophobic surface. Both the high hydrophilicity and microdomain formation of HB PLLA n ‐Glu contributed to the efficient antiplatelet adhesion behavior. The glutamic acid‐terminated HB PLLA10‐Glu films were more effective at preventing platelet adhesion than the 2‐methoxyethoxy‐terminated HB PLLA10 films. This study is the first example of platelet adhesion properties being controlled by the terminal functional groups and branching density of hyperbranched polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 46910.
TH‐D‐330A‐04: A Novel PET Respiratory Gating Algorithm to Reduce Lung Tumor Blurring Using the 4D NCAT Phantom (2006)

Purpose: Develop and validate a PET gating algorithm based on the amplitude of respiration to correct for abnormal respiratory cycles. Method and Materials: Using the 4D NCAT phantom model, 3D PET images were simulated in lung and other structures at different times within a respiratory cycle. To compare the amplitude gating algorithm with time gating, NCAT phantom was used to simulate a case with 5 different respiratory periods. We generated 6–10 frames over one respiratory cycle (corresponding to 3–5 s respiratory periods) and summed the results to mimic clinical imaging. Images were reconstructed with and without respiration motion. Comparison was performed for gated and un‐gated images, and for the new amplitude binning algorithm with the time binning algorithm by calculating the mean number of counts in the ROI. Lesion‐to‐background ratios were 2.5, 5 and 8. Lesion diameters were 6 mm, 8.5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm. Simulated images were created using a Gaussian distributed random number generator. Blurring due to the finite PET image resolution was simulated by the convolution of each slice with a Gaussian filter with FWHM of 1.6 pixel. Results: As both the L/B ratio and lesion size decreases, image degradation due to respiration increases. The greater benefit for smaller diameter lesion and lower L/B ratio indicates a potential improvement in detecting more problematic lesions. Little improvement is gained for large lesions with high L/B ratios. But these are relatively easy to diagnose and gating is probably not necessary. Conclusion: From the study made using 4D NCAT simulation, it was observed that in each selected ROI, the relative activity values in four cases are: Ideal PET images (without respiratory motion) &gt; Amplitude Gated PET images &gt; Time Gated PET images &gt; Un‐gated PET images, here greater value means better and more accurate lesion detection.
Portfolios for Investors Who Want to Reach TheirGoals While Staying on the Mean–Variance Efficient Frontier (2011)

How can investors construct portfolios that help them reach their goals, such as a comfortable retirement for themselves, a bequest for their children, and college education for their grandchildren? Are such portfolios on the mean–variance efficient frontier? How can advisors discuss investment risk with clients whose risk tolerance varies by goal—low for retirement and higher for bequests? These are the questions answered in this article. The authors show that advisors can help clients construct portfolios that take clients to their goals while also leaving them on the mean–variance efficient frontier. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio construction, performance measurement
A Proposed Role for Interactions between Argonautes, miRISC, and RNA Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia (2022)

The first evidence of local translation in the CNS appeared nearly 40 years ago, when electron microscopic studies showed polyribosomes localized to the base of dendritic spines. Since then, local translation has been established as an important regulatory mechanism for gene expression in polarized or functionally compartmentalized cells. While much attention has been placed on characterizing the local transcriptome and regulatory "grammar" directing mRNA localization in neurons and glia, less is understood about how these cells subsequently de-repress mRNA translation in their peripheral processes to produce a rapid translational response to stimuli. MicroRNA-mediated translation regulation offers a possible solution to this question. Not only do miRNAs provide the specificity needed for targeted gene regulation, but association and dynamic interactions between Argonaute (AGO) with sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins may provide a molecular switch to allow for de-repression of target mRNAs. Here, we review the expression and activity of different AGO proteins in miRNA-induced silencing complexes in neurons and glia and discuss known pathways of miRNA-mediated regulation, including activity-dependent pre-miRNA maturation in dendrites. We further detail work on AGO and RNA-binding protein interactions that allow for the reversal of miRNA-mediated translational silencing, and we propose a model for how intercellular communication may play a role in the regulation of local translation.
GETENTRY: a simple Unix script for accessing the Protein Data Bank's anonymous ftp server (1999)

The category Computer Program Abstracts provides a rapid means of communicating up-to-date information concerning both new programs or systems and signi®cant updates to existing ones. Following normal submission, a Computer Program Abstract will be reviewed by one or two members of the IUCr Commission on Crystallographic Computing. It should not exceed 500 words in length and should follow the standard format given on page 189 of the June 1985 issue of the Journal [J. Appl. Cryst. (1985). 18, 189± 190] and on the World Wide Web at http://www.iucr. org/journals/jac/software/.
A study on an evolutionary pixel predictor and its properties (2009)

Evolutionary methods based on genetic programming (GP) enable dynamic algorithm generation, and have been successfully applied to many areas such as plant control, robot control, and stock market prediction. However, conventional image/video coding methods such as JPEG and H.264 all use fixed (non-dynamic) algorithms without exception. In this article, we introduce a GP-based image predictor that is specifically evolved for each input image. Experimental results demonstrate 2.9 % less entropy (overhead included) than CALIC's gradient adjusted predictor.
Complex HuR function in pancreatic cancer cells (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal patient outcomes. The underlying core genetic drivers of disease have been identified in human tumor specimens and described in genetically engineered mouse models. These genetic drivers of PDAC include KRAS signaling, TP53 mutations, and genetic loss of the SMAD4 tumor suppressor protein. Beyond the known mutational landscape of PDAC genomes, alternative disrupted targets that extend beyond conventional genetic mutations have been elusive and understudied in the context of PDAC cell therapeutic resistance and survival. This last point is important because PDAC tumors have a unique and complex tumor microenvironment that includes hypoxic and nutrient-deprived niches that could select for cell populations that garner therapeutic resistance, explaining tumor heterogeneity in regards to response to different therapies. We and others have embarked in a line of investigation focused on the key molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation that is altered in PDAC cells and supports this pro-survival phenotype intrinsic to PDAC cells. Specifically, the key regulator of this mechanism is a RNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), first described in cancer nearly two decades ago. Herein, we will provide a brief overview of the work demonstrating the importance of this RNA-binding protein in PDAC biology and then provide insight into ongoing work developing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this molecule in PDAC cells. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
Lossless integer color transform for four color components (2011)

This report proposes an integer color transform for lossless coding of four color components of images. An existing color transform has a fixed set of coefficients and therefore it can't be adaptive to each image. We utilize eigen-vector of the covariance of the four components to increase data compaction performance. We also utilize fixed relation between two green components to simplify computational cost of the transform. It was confirmed that the proposed method reduces entropy rate by 0.4 bit comparing to the existing method.
A phosphoinositide 5‐phosphatase from Solanum tuberosum is activated by PAMP‐treatment and may antagonize phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate at Phytophthora infestans infection sites (2020)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants susceptible to late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans display enhanced resistance upon infiltration with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pep-13. Here, we characterize a potato gene similar to Arabidopsis 5-phosphatases which was identified in transcript arrays performed to identify Pep-13 regulated genes, and termed StIPP. Recombinant StIPP protein specifically dephosphorylated the D5-position of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> ) in vitro. Other phosphoinositides or soluble inositolpolyphosphates were not converted. When transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes, a StIPP-YFP fusion localized to the subapical plasma membrane and antagonized PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> -dependent effects on cell morphology, indicating in vivo functionality. Phytophthora infestans-infection of N. benthamiana leaf epidermis cells resulted in relocalization of StIPP-GFP from the plasma membrane to the extra-haustorial membrane (EHM). Colocalizion with the effector protein RFP-AvrBlb2 at infection sites is consistent with a role of StIPP in the plant-oomycete interaction. Correlation analysis of fluorescence distributions of StIPP-GFP and biosensors for PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> or phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) indicate StIPP activity predominantly at the EHM. In Arabidopsis protoplasts, expression of StIPP resulted in the stabilization of the PAMP receptor, FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2, indicating that StIPP may act as a PAMP-induced and localized antagonist of PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> -dependent processes during plant immunity.
Anomalous magnetic behaviours of the cuprate superconductors-Meissner effect Hc1and Hc2 (1991)

In order to elucidate whether the superconductivity of the cuprate HTSC is 'normal' or 'abnormal', systematic studies have been performed on the Meissner effect, lower and higher critical fields. The Meissner fraction is strongly dependent on the size of sample and on the field, which is explained by a novel model considering the sharp increase in the vortex pinning force while the flux expulsion process proceeds as T is lowered. Another new method has been proposed to determine Hc1 from the magnetization curve above Hc1, based on which the abrupt upturn of the Hc1-T curve frequently reported in the low T region has been attributed to the error induced by the strong pinning. The ambiguity associated with the Hc2-T curve is discussed in terms of the 'giant fluctuation' of superconductivity.
Who can help me with this source code change? (2008)

An approach to recommend a ranked list of developers to assist in performing software changes to a particular file is presented. The ranking is based on change expertise, experience, and contributions of developers, as derived from the analysis of the previous commits involving the specific file in question. The commits are obtained from a software systempsilas version control repositories (e.g., Subversion). The basic premise is that a developer who has substantially contributed changes to specific files in the past is likely to best assist for their current or future change. Evaluation of the approach on a number of open source systems such as koffice, Apache httpd, and GNU gcc is also presented. The results show that the accuracy of the correctly recommended developers is between 43% and 82%. New developers to a long-lived software project, or project managers, can use this approach to assist them in undertaking maintenance tasks, e.g., bug fix or adding a new feature. The approach can be realized as a plug-in to development environments such as Eclipse.
Risk Factors for Meniscectomy After Meniscal Repair (2013)

A meniscectomy after meniscal repair is performed infrequently, supporting the notion that repairing a meniscus is a safe and effective procedure in the long term. The risk for undergoing subsequent meniscectomies is decreased in patients undergoing a concomitant ACL reconstruction, in cases of isolated meniscal repairs for patients of older age, and in patients undergoing meniscal repair by surgeons with a high case volume.
Commissural closure for the treatment of commissural mitral valve prolapse or flail. (2008)

Commissural prolapse/flail of the mitral valve can be effectively corrected by suturing together the margins of the anterior and posterior leaflets in the commissural area. This type of repair is not time-consuming, and is easily reproducible and durable. In the authors' experience of this surgery, no signs of mitral stenosis were ever detected.
Microscopic Hot-Carrier Degradation Modeling of SiGe HBTs Under Stress Conditions Close to the SOA Limit (2017)

We present and validate a physics-based model to describe the underlying mechanisms of hot-carrier degradation in bipolar transistors. Our analysis is based on a deterministic solution of the coupled system of Boltzmann transport equations for electrons and holes. The full-band transport model provides the energy distribution functions of the charge carriers interacting with the passivated Si-H bonds along the oxide interface. The simulation results assert the dominant role of hot holes along the emitter-base spacer oxide interface in the long-term degradation of an n-p-n SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor under low and high-current conditions at the border of the safe-operating area. The interface trap density is calculated by incorporating an energy driven paradigm for the microscopic mechanisms of defect creation into a reaction-limited model with dispersive reaction rates. These interface traps increase the forward-mode base current via Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and degrade the overall device performance. The Gummel characteristics of a degraded device and time evolution of the excess base current for different stress conditions are verified versus the experimental data obtained for a state-of-the-art toward-terahertz SiGe HBT.
Determination of localized surface phonons in nanocrystalline silicon by inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy and its application to deuterium isotope enrichment (2021)

The hydrogen (H) isotope deuterium (D) has attracted special interest for the manufacture of silicon (Si) semiconductors, Si microchips, and optical fibers, as well as for the synthesis of isotopically labeled compounds. However, the efficient production of D or H deuteride in a controlled manner is challenging, and rational H isotope enrichment protocols are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient exchange reaction from H to D on the surface of nanocrystalline Si (n-Si). Fourfold enrichment of D termination was successfully achieved by dipping n-Si into a dilute D solution. By determining the surface-localized vibrational modes for H- and D-terminated n-Si using inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, we found that the physical mechanism responsible for this enrichment originates from the difference in the zero-point oscillation energies and entropies of the surface-localized vibrations. Theoretically, the extent of enrichment could be greatly enhanced (\ensuremath{\sim}15 times) using a gas-phase reaction. This enrichment protocol, which avoids the use of precious metal catalysts, opens the way for sustainable H-to-heavy H exchange reactions.
Liquid Chromatographic Arsenic Speciation with Gas-Phase Chemiluminescence Detection (2007)

We present a newly developed gas-phase chemiluminescence (CL) detection method for the separation and quantification of inorganic and organic arsenic species. Arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were separated by anion exchange using carbonate-bicarbonate and NaOH eluents with step-gradient elution. The separated species were passed through a UV photooxidation reactor which decomposed the organic species and converted them to inorganic As(V). Subsequent on-line hydride generation with acid and sodium borohydride produces AsH3 and H2, which are separated from the liquid in a gas-liquid separator. The produced AsH3, driven by H2, reacts with ozone in a small reflective cell located atop a photomultiplier tube, resulting in intense CL. In the present form, the limits of detection (LODs, signal-to-noise = 3), based on peak height, for arsenite, arsenate, MMA, and DMA are 0.4, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.3 microg/L, respectively, for a 100 microL injected sample. This analyzer demonstrates the robustness of the CL detection system for arsenic and provides an affordable alternative to atomic spectrometry for use as a detector after chromatographic speciation. We found no significant practical interferences.
Utilizacao da cultura de celulas de rim de hamster para o isolamento do virus da caxumba (parotidite epidemica). (1983)

Continuous-line cultures of hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) was found to be a more rapid and sensitive procedure for isolation of mumps virus as compared with the embryonated chicken egg procedure. BHK-21 cells can be easily maintained in the virus labotory, thus contrasting with similarly sensitive primary cells of monkey kidney wh ich are difficult to obtain and cannot be maintained. Use of BHK-21 cell cultures for the isolation of mumps virus seems to be a useful alterna tive procedure.