gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Climate change and health costs of air emissions from biofuels and gasoline (2009)

Environmental impacts of energy use can impose large costs on society. We quantify and monetize the life-cycle climate-change and health effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) and fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) emissions from gasoline, corn ethanol, and cellulosic ethanol. For each billion ethanol-equivalent gallons of fuel produced and combusted in the US, the combined climate-change and health costs are $469 million for gasoline, $472-952 million for corn ethanol depending on biorefinery heat source (natural gas, corn stover, or coal) and technology, but only $123-208 million for cellulosic ethanol depending on feedstock (prairie biomass, Miscanthus, corn stover, or switchgrass). Moreover, a geographically explicit life-cycle analysis that tracks PM(2.5) emissions and exposure relative to U.S. population shows regional shifts in health costs dependent on fuel production systems. Because cellulosic ethanol can offer health benefits from PM(2.5) reduction that are of comparable importance to its climate-change benefits from GHG reduction, a shift from gasoline to cellulosic ethanol has greater advantages than previously recognized. These advantages are critically dependent on the source of land used to produce biomass for biofuels, on the magnitude of any indirect land use that may result, and on other as yet unmeasured environmental impacts of biofuels.
Effect of ergot alkaloids on serum prolactin in non-psychotic organic brain syndrome of the elderly (1979)

A compound of ergot alkaloids (Hydergine-Sandoz) or placebo was given to sixty elderly nursing home patients with non-psychotic organic brain syndrome. Subsequent to 12 weeks of treatment, the mean serum prolactin of the drug was significantly lower than that of the placebo group. No correlation was found between changes in prolactin and changes in behavior using Sandoz Assessment of Clinical Status Rating Form-Geriatric [SCAG]. It may be that a higher dose of Hydergine with an accompanying greater drop in prolactin would be required to observe this effect.
Exponential stability and trajectory bounds of neural networks under structural variations (1990)

Compatible/incompatible neural networks and structural exponential stability are defined. It is noted that the dynamic behavior of neural networks under arbitrary unknown structural perturbations depends essentially on the compatibility/incompatibility of input variables in these networks. Estimates of the upper bounds of neural networks of either type and the exponential stability of compatible neural networks are established by using three different forms of Lyapunov functions. Moreover, conditions for the maximum possible estimate of the domain of structural exponential stability are determined. The results obtained are in a form suitable for straightforward applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Band Gap Engineering in a 2D Material for Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion (2015)

The electronic structure of 2D semiconductors depends on their thickness, providing new opportunities to engineer semiconductors for energy conversion, electronics, and catalysis. Here we show how a 3D semiconductor, black phosphorus, becomes active for solar-to-chemical energy conversion when it is thinned to a 2D material. The increase in its band gap, from 0.3 eV (3D) to 2.1 eV (2D monolayer), is accompanied by a 40-fold enhancement in the formation of chemical products. Despite this enhancement, smaller flakes also have shorter excited state lifetimes. We deduce a mechanism in which recombination occurs at flake edges, while the "van der Waals" surface of black phosphorus bonds to chemical intermediates and facilitates electron transfer. The unique properties of black phosphorus highlight its potential as a customizable material for solar energy conversion and catalysis, while also allowing us to identify design rules for 2D photocatalysts that will enable further improvements in these materials.
bcl-2 overexpression promotes myocyte proliferation (2002)

To determine the influence of Bcl-2 on the developmental biology of myocytes, we analyzed the population dynamics of this cell type in the heart of transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing Bcl-2 under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. TG mice and non-TG (wild type, WT) mice were studied at 24 days, 2 months, and 4 months after birth. Bcl-2 overexpression produced a significant increase in the percentage of cycling myocytes and their mitotic index. These effects were strictly connected to the expression of the transgene, as demonstrated in isolated myocytes. The formation of mitotic spindle and contractile ring was identified in replicating cells. These typical aspects of mitosis were complemented with the demonstration of karyokinesis and cytokinesis to provide structural evidence of cell division. Apoptosis was low at all ages and was not affected by Bcl-2. The higher cell replication rate in TG was conditioned by a decrease in the expression of the cell-cycle inhibitors, p21 WAF1 and p16 INK4a , and by an increase in Mdm2-p53 complexes. In comparison with WT, TG had 0.4 × 10 6 , 0.74 × 10 6 , and 1.2 × 10 6 more myocytes in the left ventricle at 24 days, 2 months, and 4 months, respectively. Binucleated myocytes were 12% and 25% larger in WT than in TG mice at 2 and 4 months of age. Taken together, these observations reveal a previously uncharacterized replication-enhancing function of Bcl-2 in myocytes in vivo in the absence of stressful conditions.
Table S1 from Oncogenic KRAS Confers Chemoresistance by Upregulating NRF2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Cisplatin toxicity as a function of KRAS, NRF2, KEAP1, and P53. The response to cisplatin-mediated toxicity of the listed NSCLC was measured by functional impairment of mitochondria using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. LD50s are listed. The coding regions of NRF2 and KRAS were sequenced and the status of each gene is listed. The mutation information for KEAP1 and TP53 was obtained from the literature. The references can be found in the supporting references according to the numbers in the table.&lt;/p&gt;
C-Terminal Ladder Sequencing via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Carboxypeptidase Y Time-Dependent and Concentration-Dependent Digestions (1995)

The utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for the analysis of C-terminal peptide ladders from carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) digestions is discussed. MALDI analysis of aliquots of an optimized time-dependent CPY digestion of ACTH 7-38 fragment allowed for the sequence of the first 19 amino acids from the C-terminus to be determined in 25 min of digestion time. A strategy for performing parallel concentration-dependent digestions on the MAL-DI plate is proven to be superior to the time-dependent approach as the method development time and practical amounts of both peptide and enzyme consumed are reduced significantly. The on-plate approach offered the same sequence information from the ACTH 7-38 fragment and was used to digest 22 peptides of various amino acid composition, size, charge, and polarity. Of the 22 peptides digested on-plate, sequence information was derived from 19 of them. A statistical analysis strategy for ladder sequencing utilizing t-statistics is offered as a method for placing confidence intervals on residue assignments.
Some Applications of Carlson-Shaffer Operator (2009)

Carlson-shaffer operator LP(a,c)on ∑P-family of meromorphic multivalent function,was defined by Hadamard's convolution.Its some applications were given.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic Interactions, and Failure of the Rigid Receptor Hypothesis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Safe and Environmentally Acceptable Sol-gel Derived Pyrophoric Pyrotechnics (2004)

It was demonstrated that highly porous sol-gel derived iron (III) oxide materials could be reduced to sub-micron-sized metallic iron by heating the materials to intermediate temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. Through a large number of experiments complete reduction of the sol-gel based materials was realized with a variety of hydrogen-based atmospheres (25-100% H{sub 2} in Ar, N{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, or CO) at intermediate temperatures (350 C to 700 C). All of the resulting sol-gel-derived metallic iron powders were ignitable by thermal methods, however none were pyrophoric. For comparison several types of commercial micron sized iron oxides Fe2O3, and NANOCAT were also reduced under identical conditions. All resulting materials were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). In addition, the reduction of the iron oxide materials was monitored by TGA. In general the sol-gel materials were more rapidly reduced to metallic iron and the resulting iron powders had smaller particle sizes and were more easily oxidized than the metallic powders derived from the micron sized materials. The lack of pyrophoricity of the smaller fine metallic powders was unexpected and may in part be due to impurities in the materials that create a passivation layer on the iron. Several recommendations for future study directions on this project are detailed.
ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНА АНГИОТЕНЗИН-ПРЕВРАЩАЮЩЕГО ФЕРМЕНТА У ЛЮДЕЙ С ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ И ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ФОРМОЙ ИБС (2011)

В исследовании проведен анализ молекулярно-генетических аспектов патогенеза гипертонической болезни через изучение генов, кодирующих белки, участвующие в процессах регуляции сосудистого тонуса, таких как ген ангиотензин-превращающего фермента (ACE). Целью исследования являлись выяснение взаимосвязи гипертонической болезни и полиморфизма гена ACE и факторов, ее определяющих в выбранной популяции. Установлена сопряженность наличия D аллеля с диагнозом гипертонической болезни и абдоминальным ожирением. В исследуемой группе показана связь полиморфизма гена АСЕ с активацией свертывающей активности крови, увеличением систолического АД и повышением концентрации аминотрансфераз в крови. Исходя из полученных данных можно предположить, что генетические механизмы гипертонии в группе больных хронической формой ИБС в возрасте 45‒64 года реализуются через D аллель, программирующий ожирение, повышение систолического давления, активацию свертывания крови, вызывая патологию органов и систем организма.
Quantity and quality of engrafting cells in cord blood and autologous mobilized peripheral blood (1999)

Cord blood (CB) and autologous mobilized peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBSC) are now used widely for clinical transplantation. We characterized the short-term (<8 weeks) and long-term (>8 weeks) engraftment in NOD/SCID mice resulting from transplanted CD34+ cells from these two sources. We also quantified the frequency of long-term engrafting cells, and the average proliferative capacity of individual engrafting cells by a competitive repopulation assay with binomial variance-covariance modeling. We found that 0.5 million CD34+ CB cells were able to generate sustained, high-level, multilineage human hematopoiesis, whereas a sixfold higher number of CD34+ PBSC (3 million) from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy generated comparable short-term, but much lower sustained multilineage human hematopoiesis after transplantation. In comparison to CD34+ cells from PBSC from cancer patients, long-term engrafting cells were approximately eightfold enriched in CB CD34+ cells, and each CB long-term engrafting cell had an approximately 15-fold higher multilineage proliferative capacity. Thus, the number and function of transplantable hematopoietic cells were remarkably different between these two sources of stem/progenitor cells.
Central noradrenergic activity in intact and sinoaortic denervated Dahl rats (1989)

Lesions in forebrain areas richly innervated by noradrenergic terminals and involved in cardiovascular function reduce or prevent hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats fed a high (H) salt diet. This led us to examine two questions. (1) Is the noradrenergic activity altered in discrete forebrain and brainstem areas of SH rats? (2) Are these changes in noradrenergic activity eliminated by sinoaortic denervation (SAD)? Studies were done in 10-week-old female SH and Dahl salt-resistant (RH) rats. Half of the rats in each group had SAD surgery 1 week prior to study. An index of norepinephrine (NE) turnover was determined by measuring the decline in tissue NE concentration 8 h after administering alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a NE synthesis blocker, to animals from each of four groups: sham-RH, SAD-RH, sham-SH, and SAD-SH (n = 18-20 per group). Various discrete brain areas were obtained using the "punch technique." In SH rats the index of NE turnover was increased in the median preoptic nucleus and decreased in the paraventricular nucleus compared with RH rats regardless of SAD. In contrast, in SH rats the index of NE turnover was increased in the supraoptic nucleus and locus ceruleus compared with RH rats; however, SAD-RH had greater turnover of NE at these sites than SAD-SH. In summary, changes in noradrenergic activity in the median preoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus may be related to genetic predisposition to hypertension in SH rats. In contrast, changes in the locus ceruleus and the supraoptic nucleus of SH rats may be related to impaired baroreflexes and thereby contribute to hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Orally Absorbable Cephalosporin Antibiotics. Part 1. Structure‐Activity Relationships of Benzothienyl‐ and Naphthylglycine Derivatives of 7‐Aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic Acid. (1986)

Abstract Die aus Benzothiophen (I) zugänglichen Cephalosporine (V) l und die ebenfalls synthetisierten Verbindungen (VI) sind teilweise wirksamer als Cephalexin.
Anesthetics and Theophylline Metabolism (1985)

Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
Deformation microstructure and texture evolution of {110}[112] Al-0.3wt.%Mn single crystals compressed in a channel-die (2009)

Publié suite au congrès : 10th French-Polish Joint Symposium on Inhomogeneity of Deformation in Materials Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, FRANCE, MAY 19-20, 2008 Pas de DOI : http://www.imim.pl/files/archiwum/Vol1_2009/65-74.pdf
Transition Pattern and Mechanism of B-lymphocyte Precursors in Regenerated Mouse Bone Marrow after Subtotal Body Irradiation (2012)

Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the transition and the related signal transduction of progenitor B cells in the bone marrow. Thus, using an NIH Swiss mouse model, we explored the impact of ionizing radiation on the early stage of B-cell development via an examination of the transition of CLP to pro-B to pre-B cells within bone marrow as a function of radiation doses and times. Our results showed that while the total number of bone marrow lymphoid cells at different stages were greatly reduced by subtotal body irradiation (sub-TBI), the surviving cells continued to transition from common lymphoid progenitors to pro-B and then to pre-B in a reproducible temporal pattern. The rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain increased significantly 1-2 weeks after irradiation, but no change occurred after 3-4 weeks. The rearrangement of the immunoglobulin light chain decreased significantly 1-2 weeks after sub-TBI but increased dramatically after 3-4 weeks. In addition, several key transcription factors and signaling pathways were involved in B-precursor transitions after sub-TBI. The data indicate that week 2 after irradiation is a critical time for the transition from pro-B cells to pre-B cells, reflecting that the functional processes for different B-cell stages are well preserved even after high-dose irradiation.
Lipoprotein profile, plasma Ischemia Modified Albumin and LDL density change in the course of postprandial lipemia. Insights from the LIPGENE study (2010)

Postprandial lipemia is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Very little data exists regarding postprandial response in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The current study was conducted within the LIPGENE EU Integrated Project. Patients were randomized to one of the four isocaloric fatty meals (Oral Fat Tolerance Tests, OFTT): (A) high-fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich (HFSA), (B) high-fat, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich (HFMUFA), (C) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate with 1.24 g high oleic sunflower oil supplement (LFHCC) and (D) low-fat high-complex carbohydrate with 1.24 g long chain n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) supplement (LFHCCn-3). The total and incremental areas under the curve (tAUC and iAUC) of plasma lipid and lipoprotein, Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) and LDL density were examined in patients with MetS to define effect of OFTT. All types of OFTT transiently increased plasma triglyceride and LDL density (LDLdens). It was paralleled by temporal decrease in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). This last effect was partly alleviated in LFHCCn-3 test. A reversible increase of IMA was statistically significant only in the course of HSFA and HMUFA tests. EPA and DHA supplement in combined high complex-carbohydrate meal may attenuate adverse effect of tested meal on LDL particle profile and plasma ischemia modified albumin. No expected associations between measures of central adiposity (waist, WHR), adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), and postprandial responses of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, LDLdens and IMA/Alb ratio were found in subgroup analysis.
Baseline 2D PC-MRI hemodynamic markers correlate to aorta growth in serially monitored bicuspid aortic valve patients (2014)

Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect whereby a significant percentage of patients experience dissection or progressive aortic dilation. There is increasing evidence that aortic hemodynamics such as wall shear stress (WSS) and flow jet eccentricity may exacerbate the development of aortopathy; however, these relationships have been investigated using experimental cardiac MRI protocols. We hypothesize that standard 2D through-plane encoded PC-MRI can aid in identifying BAV patients most at-risk for progressive aortic dilation.
Garbage Composting for Mushroom Production (1965)

Laboratory and pilot-plant composting of garbage mixtures of newspaper and vegetable waste has demonstrated that garbage can be converted to a medium that produces mushrooms (Agaricus campestris) in good yield. Sewage sludge was less satisfactory than newspaper, gumwood sawdust, or vegetable waste as a compost material for growing mushrooms. A sample of commercially produced compost was found to yield mushrooms in the same quantity as was produced in the laboratory experiments.
Testosterone Measured by 10 Immunoassays and by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Sera from 116 Men, Women, and Children (2003)

None of the immunoassays tested was sufficiently reliable for the investigation of sera from children and women, in whom very low (0.17 nmol/L) and low (<1.7 nmol/L) testosterone concentrations are expected.
A quantum router architecture for high-fidelity entanglement flows in quantum networks (2022)

Abstract The past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but an open challenge is to maintain entanglement fidelity over long-distance links. Here, we address this with a quantum router architecture comprising many quantum memories connected in a photonic switchboard to broker entanglement flows across quantum networks. We compute the rate and fidelity of entanglement distribution under this architecture using an event-based simulator, finding that the router improves the entanglement fidelity as multiplexing depth increases without a significant drop in the entanglement distribution rate. Specifically, the router permits channel-loss-invariant fidelity, i.e. the same fidelity achievable with lossless links. Furthermore, this scheme automatically prioritizes entanglement flows across the full network without requiring global network information. The proposed architecture uses present-day photonic technology, opening a path to near-term deployable multi-node quantum networks.
Spectroscopic analysis and Plasma Chemistry of atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide plasma in arrays of microchannel devices (2013)

Summary form only given. Microplasma technology is being investigated as a new candidate to efficiently dissociate or remediate carbon dioxide contained in atmosphere. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> Primary efforts has been made to maximize the dissociation of carbon dioxide in microchannels with controlled electric field strength. A multiple microchannels having parabolic cross-section were prepared by a series of microfabrication techniques on soda-lime glass or electrochemically grown alumina substrates. The minimum dimension of these channels were obtained as small as few hundreds micrometers in depth and width. Flow of pure carbon dioxide or its mixtures with various atmospheric gases were passed through these channels which applied with 20-30 kHz ac voltages of 1-3 kV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> . Several types of dielectric/electrode structure were fabricated for the optimization of device performance, and reaction product from the device was analyzed with optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and quantitative analysis. Also, Quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to measure in situ analysis of gas composition. The CO2/CO conversion rate and efficiency in various microchannel device structure will be discussed in detail.
Dagum Distribution: Properties and Different Methods of Estimation (2017)

This article addresses the various properties and different methods of estimation of the unknown parameters of a three-parameter Dagum distribution from the frequentist point of view. Although, our main focus is on estimation from frequentist point of view, yet, various mathematical and statistical properties of the Dagum distribution (such as quantiles, moments, moment generating function, hazard rate, mean residual lifetime, mean past lifetime, mean deviation about mean and median, various entropies, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and order statistics) are derived. We briefly describe different frequentist approaches, namely, maximum likelihood estimators, moments estimators, L-moment estimators, percentile based estimators, least squares estimators, maximum product of spacings estimators, minimum distances estimators, Cram\'{e}r-von-Mises estimators, Anderson-Darling and right-tail Anderson-Darling estimators and compare them using extensive numerical simulations. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods of estimation for both small and large samples. Finally, a real data set have been analyzed for illustrative purposes.