gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of leading hadrons in gluon and quark fragmentation (2006)

The study of quark jets in e+e− reactions at LEP has demonstrated that the hadronisation process is reproduced well by the Lund string model. However, our understanding of gluon fragmentation is less complete. In this study enriched quark and gluon jet samples of different purities are selected in three-jet events from hadronic decays of the Z collected by the DELPHI experiment in the LEP runs during 1994 and 1995. The leading systems of the two kinds of jets are defined by requiring a rapidity gap and their sum of charges is studied. An excess of leading systems with total charge zero is found for gluon jets in all cases, when compared to Monte Carlo simulations with JETSET (with and without Bose–Einstein correlations included) and ARIADNE. The corresponding leading systems of quark jets do not exhibit such an excess. The influence of the gap size and of the gluon purity on the effect is studied and a concentration of the excess of neutral leading systems at low invariant masses (≲2GeV/c2) is observed, indicating that gluon jets might have an additional hitherto undetected fragmentation mode via a two-gluon system. This could be an indication of a possible production of gluonic states as predicted by QCD.
Elagolix Treatment for Up to 12 Months in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Uterine Leiomyomas (2020)

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;135:1313–1326) Uterine leiomyomas affect up to 80% of reproductive-age women and are the most common benign neoplasm of the uterus. A variety of symptoms occur in approximately half of these women; the most common is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), which can result in anemia.
A Study of the Mechanism of Graphite Structural Degradation in Lithium-ion Cell Anodes (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Pancreatic Autoantibodies and Autoantibodies Against Goblet Cells in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2012)

Pancreatic autoantibodies and GAB were specific for IBD, but the sensitivity was limited as well because there was lack of correlation with clinical phenotype. Combinations of these antibodies have shown increased sensitivity; therefore, it may be recommended in the diagnostic procedure of IBD.
Antibody response of monkeys to invasion plasmid antigen D after infection with Shigella spp (1996)

The antigen preparation most often used for determining the levels of antibodies to virulence-associated proteins of Shigella spp. consists of a mixture of proteins (including IpaB, IpaC, IpaD, and VirG*) extracted from virulent shigellae with water (water extract). To overcome the lack of specificity for individual antigens in the water-extract enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the ipaD gene from S. flexneri has been cloned, expressed to a high level, and purified for use in a new ELISA for the determination of the levels of antibody against IpaD in monkeys and humans challenged with shigellae. The IpaD ELISA for serum immunoglobulins G and A correlated well with the water-extract ELISA in that monkeys infected with S. flexneri or S. sonnei responded with high serum antibody titers in both assays. The IpaD assay required less antigen per well, had much lower background levels, and did not require correction with antigens from an avirulent organism. In conjunction with the water-extract ELISA, it was possible to identify infected animals that did not respond to IpaD but did produce antibodies that reacted in the water-extract ELISA. This indicates that even though IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD are essential for the invasiveness phenotype, the infected host does not always produce antibodies against all components of the invasiveness apparatus.
The Role of Laser Speckle Imaging in Port-Wine Stain Research: Recent Advances and Opportunities (2015)

Here, we review our current knowledge on the etiology and treatment of port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. Current treatment options have significant limitations in terms of efficacy. With the combination of 1) a suitable preclinical microvascular model, 2) laser speckle imaging (LSI) to evaluate blood-flow dynamics, and 3) a longitudinal experimental design, rapid preclinical assessment of new phototherapies can be translated from the lab to the clinic. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and pulsed-dye laser (PDL) irradiation achieves a synergistic effect that reduces the required radiant exposures of the individual phototherapies to achieve persistent vascular shutdown. PDL combined with anti-angiogenic agents is a promising strategy to achieve persistent vascular shutdown by preventing reformation and reperfusion of photocoagulated blood vessels. Integration of LSI into the clinical workflow may lead to surgical image guidance that maximizes acute photocoagulation, is expected to improve PWS therapeutic outcome. Continued integration of noninvasive optical imaging technologies and biochemical analysis collectively are expected to lead to more robust treatment strategies.
Ancient and recent gene duplications as evolutionary drivers of the seed maturation regulators DELAY OF GERMINATION1 family genes (2021)

The DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) family genes (DFGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana are involved in seed dormancy, reserve accumulation, and desiccation tolerance. Decoding the molecular evolution of DFGs is key to understanding how these seed programs evolved. This article demonstrates that DFGs have diverged in the four lineages DOG1, DOG1-LIKE4 (DOGL4), DOGL5 and DOGL6, whereas DOGL1, DOGL2 and DOGL3 arose separately within the DOG1 lineage. The systematic DFG nomenclature proposed in this article addresses the current issues of inconsistent DFG annotation and highlights DFG genomic synteny in angiosperms. DFG pseudogenes, or collapsed coding sequences, hidden in the genomes of early-diverging angiosperms are documented here. They suggest ancient birth and loss of DFGs over the course of angiosperm evolution. The proposed models suggest that the origin of DFG diversification dates back to the most recent common ancestor of living angiosperms. The presence of a single form of DFG in nonflowering plants is discussed. Phylogenetic analysis of gymnosperm, lycophyte, and liverwort DFGs and similar genes found in mosses and algae suggests that DFGs diverged from the TGACG motif-binding transcription factor genes before the divergence of the bryophyte lineage.
Listening to stories of study: identity and the awarding gap experienced by Ethnic Minority students in the context of distance education (2020)

The disproportionately low degrees awarded to Ethnic Minority students are stark, representing an enduring challenge across the entire higher education sector including distance education. This paper reports on a study conducted in a distance learning university in the UK which employed a mixed-methods approach to explore the experiences of Ethnic Minority students. The paper draws on the concept of ‘over-efforting’ and research undertaken by Stevenson into personal educational histories. The methodology included quantitative analysis to provide a broad context with additional qualitative analysis of three case studies to provide rich, deep data. In combination, these data enable the authors to explore the significance of personal educational histories to understand the individual experiences of three students within the context of broader quantitative patterns. The paper offers some insights into these experiences in order to raise important questions about the impact of identities and personal educational histories on participating in tuition within the context of distance education.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Elbow Pipe With Local Wall Thinning (2008)

Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted using 100A elbow specimens with local wall thinning. Local wall thinning of 50% of the nominal pipe wall thickness was machined on the inside of elbow in order to simulate erosion/corrosion metal loss. The local wall thinning areas are located at three different areas, called extrados, crown and intrados. The elbow specimens were subjected to cyclic in-plane bending under displacement control without internal pressure. When the local wall thinning was located at intrados, fatigue life was the shortest. In addition, three-dimensional elastic-plastic analyses were also carried out using the finite element method. As a result, the crack penetration area and the crack growth direction were successfully predicted by the analyses. The fatigue lives estimated by the analyses were close to those obtained by the experiments.
Analyses de résidus organiques de l'époque néolithique (Caverne de l'Adaouste) (1917)

Cotte J. Analyses de résidus organiques de l'époque néolithique (Caverne de l'Adaouste). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, VI° Série. Tome 8 fascicule 1-2, 1917. pp. 66-115.
Natural Language Generation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: High-Level Perspective: Making Choices about Language Two NLG Systems: SumTime and SkillSum NLG Choices and Tasks NLG Evaluation Some NLG Research Topics NLG Resources Notes
Supplementary Figure S4 from TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)–Armed Exosomes Deliver Proapoptotic Signals to Tumor Site (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of i.v.-injected TRAIL exosomes. Detection and quantification of TRAIL exosomes in plasma by Near-Infrared imaging (A) and TRAIL ELISA (B) after 1, 5, 60 and 180 minutes post-injection. Imaging and quantification of Near-Infrared-labeled TRAIL exosomes in organs (spleen, kidneys, liver and lungs) 1, 3 and 24 h after injection.&lt;/p&gt;
Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB® (2014)

Adaptive filters are used in many diverse applications, appearing in everything from military instruments to cellphones and home appliances. Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB covers the core concepts of this important field, focusing on a vital part of the statistical signal processing areathe least mean square (LMS) adaptive filter. This largely self-contained text: Discusses random variables, stochastic processes, vectors, matrices, determinants, discrete random signals, and probability distributions Explains how to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix and the properties of the error surfaces Explores the Wiener filter and its practical uses, details the steepest descent method, and develops the Newtons algorithm Addresses the basics of the LMS adaptive filter algorithm, considers LMS adaptive filter variants, and provides numerous examples Delivers a concise introduction to MATLAB, supplying problems, computer experiments, and more than 110 functions and script files Featuring robust appendices complete with mathematical tables and formulas, Adaptive Filtering: Fundamentals of Least Mean Squares with MATLAB clearly describes the key principles of adaptive filtering and effectively demonstrates how to apply them to solve real-world problems.
Application of aqueous two-phase partition in PEG-phosphate systems. Design and implementation of a prototype process for recovery of bulk protein fractions from waste brewer's yeast. (1991)

The practical development of a process exploiting aqueous two-phase partition in PEG/phosphate systems is described for the recovery and partial purification of a bulk protein fraction from waste Brewer's yeast. Inadequacies in current assumptions concerning de novo process design of such systems necessitated the empirical establishment of conditions for the two-step extraction of protein from wet-milled yeast suspensions. Experiments with homogeneous proteins and yeast extracts are presented to illustrate the true influence of phase volume upon primary protein extraction, and of added salts and modified system pH upon selective back extraction. A mechanistic description of physical and chemical factors influential upon selective phase partition in PEG/phosphate systems is discussed.
Super-BIC Laser (2021)

We demonstrate lasing with ultralow threshold from small-scale dielectric metasurfaces with only ~10×10 periods operating at a super-BIC regime. Engineered high-Q resonance originates from topological merging of accidental and symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum.
HIV-protein-mediated alterations in T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix proteins and endothelium. (1997)

Recent data point to the immunoregulatory role of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the process of T cell activation. We studied the effects of HIV proteins on those interactions as well as on endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Gp 120 and gp 41 inhibited CD3-triggered T cell co-stimulation by the ECM proteins, while Nef was stimulatory. T cell adhesion to the ECM proteins was affected in a similar fashion. Furthermore, tat induced E-selectin (but not VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) endothelial expression. Those findings may be relevant for the understanding of immunopathology of AIDS.
Identification of Stable Linear Systems Using Polynomial Kernels (1999)

This paper deals with the identification of stable linear systems from input−output response data with low signal/noise ratios. Specifically we focus on nonparametric (finite impulse or step response, FIR or FSR) models widely used in model predictive control. A polynomial kernel representation is proposed to reduce the number of parameters needed to represent the model. This leads to parsimonious yet robust models. Linear least-squares estimation can be used with these polynomial models. The time delay and response time of the process can be explicitly included as parameters in the model; however, the nonlinear optimization method must then be used. Various properties of this model including the variance of parameter estimates are given in the paper. Both colored and white noise are considered. Simulation and experimental results are used to illustrate the advantages of this approach especially at low signal/noise ratios. The polynomials act as an adaptive filter to remove the noise.
Conversion of Neuronal Growth Cone Responses from Repulsion to Attraction by Cyclic Nucleotides (1998)

Nerve growth is regulated by attractive and repulsive factors in the nervous system. Microscopic gradients of Collapsin-1/Semaphorin III/D (Sema III) and myelin-associated glycoprotein trigger repulsive turning responses by growth cones of cultured Xenopus spinal neurons; the repulsion can be converted to attraction by pharmacological activation of the guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate signaling pathways, respectively. Sema III also causes the collapse of cultured rat sensory growth cones, which can be inhibited by activation of the cGMP pathway. Thus cyclic nucleotides can regulate growth cone behaviors and may be targets for designing treatments to alleviate the inhibition of nerve regeneration by repulsive factors.
Size‐Dependent Room Temperature Oxidation of Tin Particles (2014)

Using transmission electron microscopy, the size‐dependent room temperature oxidation of tin nanoparticles is studied. The oxide that forms during room temperature oxidation of Sn particles is amorphous SnO, and it retains this stoichiometry and structure over extended time periods. From the investigation of arrays of Sn nanoparticles with broad size distribution, under identical conditions, the Sn oxide thickness is evaluated as a function of size and oxidation time. The oxide thickness depends strongly on the size of the Sn nanoparticles, which is in excellent agreement with predictions for a Mott–Cabrera model corrected for a non‐uniform electric field. The results demonstrate the accelerated oxidation kinetics of nanoscale particles with high curvature, due to the amplified electric field at the interface to a continuously shrinking metal core.
Vector coupled-mode equations for modulated periodic media (1980)

A simple method is described for deriving the vector coupled-mode equations for a dielectric medium which is characterized by a longitudinally varying permittivity composed of a number of closely spaced, discrete, wave numbers. The reflection coefficient for an amplitude modulated periodic slab is displayed.
IMMUNOENHANCING POTENTIALS OF SIDDHA MEDICINAL PLANTS-A REVIEW (2020)

Background: Rapid spread of coronavirus infection and increased mortality rate in people with weaker immunity and co-morbidities has made the world petrified. Immunity plays a dominant role in fighting against COVID19. Siddha medicine, an indigenous system not only indicates curative but also preventive medicines that have immune-enhancing potential. 

Materials and Methods: In Siddha literature, 20 medicinal plants have been indicated for fever, cough, throat infection, lung infection, respiratory diseases which can be correlated with the symptoms of COVID19. The following plants possessing rejuvenating potency were selected and reviewed for its immune-enhancing potentials. Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus niruri, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, Piper longum, Curcuma longa, Elletaria cardamomum, Cuminum cyminum, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Vitex negundo, Alpinia galanga, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzigium aromaticum, Alstonia scholaris, Andrographis paniculata, Euphorbiahirta, Allium sativum, Aloe barbadensis, Trigonella foenum graecum.

Results: Reviewed medicinal plants exhibited a good remedy for respiratory infections, inhibited the inflammatory cytokines, induced proliferation of lymphocytes, and enhanced both the innate and adaptive immunity thus improve host resistance. 

Conclusion: 20 medicinal plants revealed immune-enhancing potentials. Among 20 medicinal plants Alpinia galanga, Allium Sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus emblica, shows profound effects on inflammatory cytokines, lymphopenia, decreases NLR (Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio) a marker of systemic inflammation in COVID19. Hence, these medicinal plants can alleviate the symptoms, improves the immune response, and might lower the mortality rate of COVID19. In the future, to establish a Polyherbal drug formulation for COVID19, these medicinal plants should undergo various research studies to explore its possible effects.

Results: Reviewed medicinal plants exhibited a good remedy for respiratory infections, inhibited the inflammatory cytokines, induced proliferation of lymphocytes, and enhanced both the innate and adaptive immunity thus improve host resistance. 

Conclusion: 20 medicinal plants revealed immune-enhancing potentials. Among 20 medicinal plants Alpinia galanga, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus emblica, shows profound effects on inflammatory cytokines, lymphopenia, decreases NLR (Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio) a marker of systemic inflammation in COVID19. Hence, these medicinal plants can alleviate the symptoms, improves the immune response, and might lower the mortality rate of COVID19. In the future, to establish a Polyherbal drug formulation for COVID19, these medicinal plants should undergo various research studies to explore its possible effects.
Improved time delay estimation in the presence of interference (2005)

This paper presents a technique for obtaining unbiased time delay estimates in the presence of interference. The proposed technique is based on a modified "matched filter" concept wherein the anticipated, noise-free Generalized Cross Correlator (GCC) output between two sensors is matched to the received noisy GCC under a Least-Mean-Square (LMS) error criterion. Separate estimates of the target power, target time delay, interference power, interference time delay, and noise power are obtained provided the spectral shapes of the target and interference are known. The performance of this technique is evaluated analytically and compared to simulation results as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), interference-to-noise ratio (INR), time-delay separation, and signal and interference spectra.
Throughput of Turbo Coded Hybrid ARQ Using Single-carrier MIMO Multiplexing (2005)

Broadband wireless packet access will be the core technology of the next generation mobile communication systems. Very high speed and high quality packet transmissions can be achieved by the joint use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing and hybrid ARQ (HARQ). However, if single-carrier (SC) transmission is used, the throughput performance significantly degrades due to large intersymbol interference (ISI) resulting from severe frequency-selective channels. Recently, we proposed an iterative parallel interference cancellation (PIC) for MIMO multiplexing in a frequency nonselective fading channel. We now propose a frequency-domain iterative PIC for SC-MIMO multiplexing to separate signals transmitted from different antennas while achieving frequency and antenna diversity gain. We evaluate, by computer simulation, the throughput performance of turbo coded HARQ using SC-MIMO multiplexing in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel.
Real-time data analysis in ClowdFlows (2013)

ClowdFlows is an open cloud based platform for composition, execution, and sharing of interactive data mining workflows. In this paper we extend the ClowdFlows platform with the ability to mine real-time data streams. This functionality was implemented by creating a specialized type of workflow component and a stream mining daemon that delegates the execution of workflows in real-time. In this way, we have transformed a batch data processing platform into a real-time stream mining platform with an intuitive user interface. The real-time analytics aspect of the platform is demonstrated in a Twitter sentiment analysis use case where the sentiment of tweets about whistleblower Edward Snowden was monitored for approximately one month.
Research Briefs (1978)

Some data on isothermal aging of several PAN-based graphite fibers in air recently became available from a U.S. Air Force report, AFML-TR- 77-188 (November 1977). The work was done by Acurex's Aerotherm Division in Mountain View, CA. Table 1 summarizes th
5-Pyrimidinols:  Novel Chain-Breaking Antioxidants More Effective than Phenols (2001)

not available
High-G Survivability of an Unpotted Onboard Recorder (2017)

Abstract : Onboard recorders (OBR) provide developers with data from sensors and computers by storing the data to memory devices contained within its onboard electronics system. At the expense of recovery, reusable OBRs provide projects with cost savings in terms of upfront nonrecurring engineering, unit costs savings, and reduced field support setups. In this paper, the ARRT-158 OBRs used within artillery munitions systems to capture interior and exterior ballistics sensors and mission computer data will be discussed.
Overload Management in Transmission System Using Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)

An approach is proposed for transmission system overload management. To achieve this aim, the problem is formulated in an Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem to minimize the fuel cost of generation in case of overload. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to solve ELD problem. The results have been demonstrated for both normal and overload conditions. The final results show that the PSO algorithm performs well in both conditions.