gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation studies for a EEHG seeded FEL in the XUV (2019)

Abstract Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) is a promising technique for seeded free electron lasers (FELs) not only to go down to wavelengths of 4 nm but also to simplify the schemes that are currently used to achieve a similar wavelength range (double cascade HGHG). Thus a study optimizing the EEHG performance in the wavelength range from 60 to 4nm has been performed. The more critical working point, at 4 nm, is here analyzed in terms of seed laser stability for two different seed laser frequencies: visible and UV.
Molecular characterization of an enterobacterial metallo beta-lactamase found in a clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens that shows imipenem resistance (1994)

A clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens (TN9106) produced a metallo beta-lactamase (IMP-1) which conferred resistance to imipenem and broad-spectrum beta-lactams. The blaIMP gene providing imipenem resistance was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. The IMP-1 was purified from E. coli HB101 that harbors pSMBNU24 carrying blaIMP, and its apparent molecular mass was calculated to be about 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic studies of IMP-1 against various beta-lactams revealed that this enzyme hydrolyzes not only various broad-spectrum beta-lactams but also carbapenems. However, aztreonam was relatively stable against IMP-1. Although clavulanate or cloxacillin failed to inhibit IMP-1, Hg2+, Fe2+, or Cu2+ blocked the enzyme's activity. Moreover, the presence of EDTA in the reaction buffer resulted in a decrease in the enzyme's activity. Carbapenem resistance was not transferred from S. marcescens TN9106 to E. coli CSH2 by conjugation. A hybridization study confirmed that blaIMP was encoded on the chromosome of S. marcescens TN9106. By nucleotide sequencing analysis, blaIMP was found to encode a protein of 246 amino acid residues and was shown to have considerable homology to the metallo beta-lactamase genes of Bacillus cereus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Aeromonas hydrophila. The G+C content of blaIMP was 39.4%. Four consensus amino acid residues, His-95, His-97, Cys-176, and His-215, which form putative zinc ligands, were conserved in the deduced amino acid sequence of IMP-1. By determination of the amino acid sequence at the N terminus of purified mature IMP-1, 18 amino acid residues were found to be processed from the N terminus of the premature enzyme as a signal peptide. These results clearly show that IMP-1 is an enterobacterial metallo beta-lactamase, of which the primary structure has been completely determined, that confers resistance to carbapenems and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams.
Conclusion (2017)

This chapter draws the book to a conclusion. It explains how the question of what trade justice requires cannot be reduced to the common question of whether trade should be ‘free’.
Low Oxygen Tension Primes Aortic Endothelial Cells to the Reparative Effect of Tissue-Protective Cytokines (2015)

Erythropoietin (EPO) has both erythropoietic and tissue-protective properties. The EPO analogues carbamylated EPO (CEPO) and pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) lack the erythropoietic activity of EPO but retain the tissue-protective properties that are mediated by a heterocomplex of EPO receptor (EPOR) and the β common receptor (βCR). We studied the action of EPO and its analogues in a model of wound healing where a bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) monolayer was scratched and the scratch closure was assessed over 24 h under different oxygen concentrations. We related the effects of EPO and its analogues on repair to their effect on BAECs proliferation and migration (evaluated using a micro-Boyden chamber). EPO, CEPO and pHBSP enhanced scratch closure only at lower oxygen (5%), while their effect at atmospheric oxygen (21%) was not significant. The mRNA expression of EPOR was doubled in 5% compared with 21% oxygen, and this was associated with increased EPOR assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. By contrast, βCR mRNA levels were similar in 5% and 21% oxygen. EPO and its analogues increased both BAECs proliferation and migration, suggesting that both may be involved in the reparative process. The priming effect of low oxygen tension on the action of tissue-protective cytokines may be of relevance to vascular disease, including atherogenesis and restenosis.
Expansión controlada de las crestas atróficas en los maxilares. Inserción inmediata de los implantes (2005)

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) account for one-third of all hospital-acquired infections and can cost the health care system between $21,000 and $100,000 per infection. A dedicated vascular access team (VAT) can help develop, implement, and standardize policies and procedures for central line usage that address insertion, maintenance, and removal as well as educate nursing staff and physicians. This article presents how 1 hospital developed a VAT and implemented evidence-based guidelines. Central line utilization decreased by 45.2%, and CLABSI incidence decreased by 90%. The results of the study demonstrated that a reduced utilization of central lines minimized the risk of patients developing a CLABSI.
Dehydrogenation and dealkylation of various sterols byTetrahymena pyriformis (1971)

Abstract Sterols are not found in Tetrahymena pyriformis when this protozoan is grown in a medium free from exogenous sterols; instead, the principal solid alcohol that can be isolated from the organism is tetrahymanol. a pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohol with an unusual structure. The biosynthesis of tetrahymanol has been shown by appropriate labeling studies to involve a direct, nonoxidative, proton‐initiated cyclization of squalene rather than the more commonly found type of mechanism involving squalene 2,3‐oxide as an intermediate. In contrast, when T. pyriformis is incubated with any one of a wide variety of added sterols, the biosynthesis of tetrahymanol is inhibited and the added sterol is accumulated by the organism and, in most cases, is converted metabolically into one or more other sterols. Four different types of transformation have been observed: the introduction of Δ 5 , Δ 7 and Δ 22 double bonds, and the removal of ethyl groups, but not methyl groups, from C‐24.
Crohn’s and Parkinson’s Disease-Associated LRRK2 Mutations Alter Type II Interferon Responses in Human CD14+ Blood Monocytes Ex Vivo (2020)

The Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of causative genes of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The M2397T polymorphism in LRRK2 is genetically associated with sporadic Crohn's disease (CD). LRRK2 is expressed in human CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes, induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and suppresses inflammatory activation. We hypothesize that IFN-γ-induced LRRK2 and inflammatory gene expression is altered by LRRK2 genetic polymorphism found in CD and PD cases. A total of 46 CD and 51 control cases, and 16 PD cases and 16 PD-linked LRRK2 mutation cases were recruited. Live human CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes were isolated from donors for ex vivo IFN-γ stimulation and gene expression analysis. IFN-γ potently enhanced TNFA, IL12, HLADRA1 and LRRK2 expression, which was suppressed by FK506, a calcineurin-specific inhibitor, but further enhanced by LRRK2-specific kinase inhibitor (GSK2578215A). The 2397-M/M CD risk allele enhanced IFN-γ responses of CD14<sup>+</sup> cells in CD but not in control group. CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes from G2019S and R1441C LRRK2 mutated PD cases and carriers show no changes in IFN-γ responses for TNFA or IL12, reduced response for HLADRA1, and enhanced responses for LRRK2 in FK506-sensitive manner. These data demonstrate that CD-associated LRRK2 mutations are significant modifiers of innate immune response in CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes, and PD-associated LRRK2 mutation may contribute to reduced antigen presentation response. Graphical Abstract.
Sharpening Processes of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Tips by Thermal Field Treatment (1997)

In order to prepare a scanning tip suitable for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) operated in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with a reproducible and ideal profile of the [111]-oriented W tip, sharpening and cleaning treatments were carried out by heating the tip while applying high voltage in UHV (thermal field (T-F) treatment). The treated tips were evaluated by field emission microscopy (FEM). The appropriate values to build up the W tip along the [111] axis for a treatment parameter, | V T-F / V base |, range from 2 to 2.6 under fixed conditions of tip heating temperature and time of about 1300 K and 60 s, respectively. It has been also realized that the formation of an ideal tip completely surrounded by three {112} facets at its apex requires a successive heat treatment: an initial T-F treatment, simple heating at about 1000 K to develop the {112} facets, and a final T-F treatment.
Zeonex-PMMA microstructured polymer optical FBGs for simultaneous humidity and temperature sensing (2017)

In this Letter, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the fabrication and characterization of a Zeonex/PMMA microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) Bragg grating sensor for simultaneous monitoring of relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The sensing element (probe) is based on two separate in-line fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in the fabricated mPOF. A root mean square deviation of 0.8% RH and 0.6°C in the range of 10%-90% RH and 20°C-80°C was found. The developed mPOFBG sensor constitutes an efficient route toward low-cost, easy-to-fabricate and compact multi-parameter sensing solutions.
A mathematical model of erythropoiesis in mice and rats. Part 4: Differences between bone marrow and spleen (1990)

In a preceding analysis we hypothesized that the most important parameter controlled by erythropoietic regulation in vivo is the degree of amplification (number of cell divisions) in the CFU-E and erythroblast cell stages. It was concluded that erythropoietic amplification in vivo is controlled according to a sigmoidal dose-response relationship with respect to the control parameter which is the haematocrit (or haemoglobin concentration). Here, this hypothesis is extended to include the differences in murine bone marrow and splenic erythropoiesis that are described and quantified by different dose-response relationships. Comparing several sets of experimental data with mathematical model simulations, this approach leads to the following conclusions: (i) in the unperturbed normal steady state at least one extra erythropoietic cell division takes place in the spleen compared with the bone marrow; (ii) a strong erythropoietic stimulus, such as severe bleeding or hypoxia, can induce five to six additional cell divisions in the spleen but only two to three additional divisions in the bone marrow; this results in a considerable increase in the spleen's contribution to erythropoiesis from about 10% in normal animals to over 40% during strong stimulation; (iii) under erythropoietic suppression, such as red cell transfusion, a similar number of cell divisions is skipped in both organs and the splenic contribution to erythropoiesis remains unchanged. In conclusion, the concept that bone marrow and spleen microenvironments differ in the dose-response relationship for erythropoietic regulation provides an explanation for the changing contribution of splenic murine erythropoiesis following a variety of experimental treatments.
The author of Beltraffio ; The middle years ; Greville Fane, and other tales (1997)

The author of Beltraffio -- The middle years -- Greville Fane -- Broken wings -- The tree of knowledge -- The abasement of the Northmores -- The Great Good Place -- Four meetings -- Paste -- Europe -- Miss Gunton of Poughkeepsie -- Fordham Castle
Expression of CD7, CD20 and CDX-2 in a Secondary Signet-Ring Cell Tumor of the Prostate: A Case Report (2013)

As is well-known, signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) rarely appears as a histological finding in the prostatic tissue. Nevertheless, a differentiation should be made between a primary tumor and a metastatic disease. We describe the case of a 52-year-old man with lower urinary tract symptoms, serum total PSA of 0.2 ng/ml, elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels. Two years prior to presentation, he underwent total gastrectomy with histological findings indicating poor differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell. A palpable nodule was found on digital rectal examination and for this reason he underwent 12-core transperineal prostate biopsy with a diagnosis of poor differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell and adipose tissue infiltration. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed positivity for PAS, CK7 and CDX-2, focal positivity for CK20 and negativity for PSA and PSAP. The diagnosis of a prostatic secondary SRCC was possible given the positivity to CK7, CDX-2, focal positivity to CK20 and negativity to PSA.
Path generation for articulated steering type vehicle using symmetrical clothoid (2003)

Autonomous trajectory following of a wheel loader is closely related to v-shape path planning. Given the desired initial position and orientation of the wheel loader as (x/sub 0/, y/sub 0/, /spl theta//sub 0/) and the desired final position and orientation as (x/sub truck/, y/sub truck/, /spl theta//sub truck/), successful v-shape path planning can be achieved by the derivations of 2 important parameters of the clothoid curve, k (sharpness) and s/sub m/ ( total distance of 1 clothoid curve) and determinations of the summit point of v-shape path, (x/sub e/,ye) and direction, /spl theta//sub e/.
Sympathetic activity and cardiac adrenergic receptors in one-kidney, one clip hypertension in rats. (1984)

The activity of the sympathetic nervous system, as measured by levels of plasma and cardiac catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites and the function of cardiac alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, was evaluated at 3 days and 4 weeks after induction of one-kidney, one clip hypertension (1K1C) in the rat. At 3 days, the plasma level of norepinephrine (NE) was lower in the 1K1C group than the control group (p less than 0.01), whereas epinephrine (E) and the metabolites dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA), dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), and normetanephrine (NMN) were similar in both groups. In addition, cardiac content of catecholamines, their metabolites, and adrenergic receptors were similar in both groups. At 4 weeks, plasma levels of NE and DOPEG were lower (p less than 0.01), whereas levels of DOMA and NMN were higher (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001, respectively) in the 1K1C group than the control group. Cardiac content of NE (p less than 0.01), and DOPEG (p less than 0.05) was significantly lower, whereas DOMA and NMN were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the 1K1C group as compared to controls. In addition, cardiac density of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors was reduced in the 1K1C group, whereas receptor affinities were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparisons of three alternative breast modalities in a common phantom imaging experiment (2003)

Four model-based imaging systems are currently being developed for breast cancer detection at Dartmouth College. A potential advantage of multimodality imaging is the prospect of combining information collected from each system to provide a more complete diagnostic tool that covers the full range of the patient and pathology spectra. In this paper it is shown through common phantom experiments on three of these imaging systems that it was possible to correlate different types of image information to potentially improve the reliability of tumor detection. Imaging experiments were conducted with common phantoms which mimic both dielectric and optical properties of the human breast. Cross modality comparison was investigated through a statistical study based on the repeated data sets of reconstructed parameters for each modality. The system standard error between all methods was generally less than 10% and the correlation coefficient across modalities ranged from 0.68 to 0.91. Future work includes the minimization of bias (artifacts) on the periphery of electrical impedance spectroscopy images to improve cross modality correlation and implementation of the multimodality diagnosis for breast cancer detection.
TGF-β1 signalling in Alzheimer’s pathology and cytoskeletal reorganization: a specialized Tau perspective (2023)

Microtubule-associated protein, Tau has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease for its detachment from microtubules and formation of insoluble intracellular aggregates within the neurons. Recent findings have suggested the expulsion of Tau seeds in the extracellular domain and their prion-like propagation between neurons. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a ubiquitously occurring cytokine reported to carry out immunomodulation and neuroprotection in the brain. TGF-β-mediated regulation occurs at the level of neuronal survival and differentiation, glial activation (astrocyte and microglia), amyloid production-distribution-clearance and neurofibrillary tangle formation, all of which contributes to Alzheimer's pathophysiology. Its role in the reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture and remodelling of extracellular matrix to facilitate cellular migration has been well-documented. Microglia are the resident immune sentinels of the brain responsible for surveying the local microenvironment, migrating towards the beacon of pertinent damage and phagocytosing the cellular debris or patho-protein deposits at the site of insult. Channelizing microglia to target extracellular Tau could be a good strategy to combat the prion-like transmission and seeding problem in Alzheimer's disease. The current review focuses on reaffirming the role of TGF-β1 signalling in Alzheimer's pathology and cytoskeletal reorganization and considers utilizing the approach of TGF-β-triggered microglia-mediated targeting of extracellular patho-protein, Tau, as a possible potential strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease.
Diagnostics of ovarian cancer via metabolite analysis and machine learning (2023)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system. Due to the asymptomatic nature of early stages of OC and an increasingly poor prognosis in later stages, methods of screening for OC are much desired. Furthermore, screening and diagnosis processes, in order to justify use on asymptomatic patients, must be convenient and non-invasive. Recent developments in machine-learning technologies have made this possible via techniques in the field of metabolomics. The objective of this research was to use existing metabolomics data on OC and various analytic methods to develop a machine-learning model for the classification of potentially OC-related metabolite biomarkers. Pathway analysis and metabolite-set enrichment analysis were performed on gathered metabolite sets. Quantitative molecular descriptors were then used with various machine-learning classifiers for the diagnostics of OC using related metabolites. We elucidated that the metabolites associated with OC used for machine-learning models are involved in five metabolic pathways linked to OC: Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis, Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Biosynthesis, and Alanine, Aspartate and Glutamate Metabolism. Several classification models for the identification of OC using related metabolites were created and their accuracies were confirmed through testing with 10-fold cross-validation. The most accurate model was able to achieve 85.29% accuracy. The elucidation of biological pathways specific to OC using metabolic data and the observation of changes in these pathways in patients have the potential to contribute to the development of screening techniques for OC. Our results demonstrate the possibility of development of the machine-learning models for OC diagnostics using metabolomics data.
Formation of Silver Nanowires Through a Sandwiched Reduction Process (2003)

A polymer‐surfactant‐assisted sandwiched reduction route to silver nanowires is described based on the sandwich organometallic compound (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 ) 2 Fe, in which there is obvious steric hindrance when the iron atoms reduce silver cations to elemental silver (see Figure), leading to a preferred direction. The formation of nanowires occurs in a layered solution with the assistance of poly(ethylene glycol).
Ferromagnetic cupratesCaCu3Ge4O12andCaCu3Sn4O12withA-site ordered perovskite structure (2007)

$A$-site ordered perovskites $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, which are isostructural to antiferromagnetic $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, were found to be ferromagnets. The special alignment of the $\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ planes in the perovskite structure plays an important role in the magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins. Direct exchange interaction gives rise to the ferromagnetic behavior in $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, whereas involvement of $\mathrm{Ti}\text{\ensuremath{-}}3d$ orbitals produces the antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction in $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$. This finding demonstrates that either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic behavior can appear within the same structural framework.
Fabrication of a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity in a microfluidic channel using thermocompressive gold bonding of glass substrates (2005)

This paper presents a simple, low-cost, and reliable process for the fabrication of a microfluidic Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity in a Pyrex glass substrate. The microfluidic channels were etched in HF solution on a glass substrate using a Cr/Au/photoresist etching mask resulting in a channel bottom roughness of 1.309 nm. An effective thermocompressive gold-gold bonding technique was used to bond the photolithographically etched glass substrates inside a 350/spl deg/C oven in a 10/sup -3/ torr vacuum. Pressure was applied to the glass pieces by using two aluminum blocks with intermediate copper sheets. This method takes advantage of using Cr/Au layers both as a wet etching mask and as intermediate bonding layers, requiring only one lithography step for the entire process. The fabrication method is also compatible with the incorporation of dielectric mirror coatings in the channels to form a high-finesse Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity. A parallelism of 0.095 degrees was measured, and a finesse as high as 30 was obtained using an LED. The microfluidic cavity developed here can be used in electrophoresis and intracavity spectroscopy experiments.
A novel two stage single channel speech enhancement technique (2011)

A two stage novel speech enhancement algorithm is presented in this paper using speech and noise spectral estimators with hybrid a priori SNR combined with perceptual weighting filter. The first stage is designed such that it improves the performance of Minimum Mean Square Error Short-Time Spectral Amplitude (MMSE-STSA) estimator by using hybrid a priori SNR and combining statistical estimators of the spectral magnitude of the speech and noise. A perceptual weighting filter is designed and used as a second stage to improve the intelligibility of the processed speech signal. The performance of proposed scheme is tested and results indicate the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than several other MMSE-STSA algorithms available in literature.