gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐142: Improvement of PDLC Performance by Changing Surface Anchoring Strength (2011)

Abstract We developed a method to improve the performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display. We experimentally observed that polymer PMMA generates a homogenous alignment of liquid crystal, while polymer PIBMA generates a homeotropic alignment. By mixing them together, we were able to vary the anchoring condition and strength. We constructed PDLC by using the composite of PMMA and PIBMA as the binder. With proper polymer concentrations, the driving voltage of the PDLC can be greatly decreased.
20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: Insights into signaling assemblies of the leptin receptor (2014)

Leptin plays a central role in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis, but is a pleiotropic cytokine with activities on many peripheral cell types. In this review, we discuss the interaction of leptin with its receptor, and focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of the extracellular aspects of leptin receptor (LR) activation. We provide an extensive overview of all structural information that has been obtained for leptin and its receptor via X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, homology modeling, and mutagenesis studies. The available knowledge is integrated into putative models toward a recapitulation of the LR activation mechanism.
Neutralizing mechanism of a monoclonal antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus glycoprotein E. (1998)

The neutralization of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was studied using JEV-specific neutralizing (NT) monoclonal antibody (MAb) 503 that recognizes the envelope glycoprotein. Analysis using radiolabeled JEV and observations by confocal laser microscopy and electron microscopy indicated that the NT and protection activities of MAb 503 did not result from the prevention of the first step of JEV infection, binding of virus to the cell surface. Treatment with MAb 503 strongly inhibited JEV-induced cell fusion and internalization of JEV into the cells, and resulted in enhanced release of JEV-RNA from the cells. These observations suggested that the NT activity of MAb 503 is involved in the later steps of JEV infection.
Simultaneous thermal and electrical analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits (1992)

A software tool for the simultaneous determination of the thermal and electrical steady-state regimes of nonlinear microwave circuits containing temperature-dependent active devices is introduced. The analysis technique is an extension of the classic piecewise harmonic-balance method, and is quite general-purpose. It can be applied to networks operating under multiple-tone excitation, including pulsed-RF regimes. The simulation problem is reduced to a nonlinear algebraic system whose unknowns are electrical and thermal state-variable harmonics. Advanced numerical techniques are used to overcome the difficulties arising from the high degree of nonlinearity and from the very large number of unknowns of the numerical problem. The program incorporates a facility for the evaluation of the thermal constants of multiple finger planar devices starting from geometrical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of Drug Combination Effect Using a Bliss Independence Dose–Response Surface Model (2018)

To test the anticancer effect of combining two drugs targeting different biological pathways, the popular way to show synergistic effect of drug combination is a heat map or surface plot based on the percent excess the Bliss prediction using the average response measures at each combination dose. Such graphs, however, are inefficient in the drug screening process and it doesn't give a statistical inference on synergistic effect. To make a statistically rigorous and robust conclusion for drug combination effect, we present a two-stage Bliss independence response surface model to estimate an overall interaction index (<i>τ</i>) with 95% confidence interval (CI). By taking into all data points account, the overall <i>τ</i> with 95% CI can be applied to determine if the drug combination effect is synergistic overall. Using some example data, the two-stage model was compared to a couple of classic models following Bliss rule. The data analysis results obtained from our model reflect the pattern shown from other models. The application of overall <i>τ</i> helps investigators to make decision easier and accelerate the preclinical drug screening.
Neuartige Polyoxymethylenkopolymer: Chemie und Anwendungsgebiete von verknüpften und multiblock Oligomeren mit Polyacetalsegmenten (2018)

The thesis at hand various different topics regarding the synthesis and properties of polyoxymethylene (POM) oligomers and copolymers. POM is an engineering plastics, that finds widespread applications. The general interest in POM polymers remains high, as formaldehyde can be produced from sustainable feedstocks. The present thesis is divided into 5 main chap-ters. Chapter 1 gives an overview on the history behind POM polymers, their application as materials, the cationic homopolymerisation of trioxane, the cationic copolymerisation of trioxane with other comonomers. Also the sustainability of formaldehyde and its polymers are dis-cussed. In Chapter 2, the ring-opening reaction of trioxane in the presence of acetic anhydride is discussed as a model reaction for the initial phase of the trioxane homopolymerisation. In situ IR spectroscopy was used as a tool to monitor the kinetic profile of multiple reactions per-formed with different Brønsted acidic and Lewis acidic catalysts. The role of these catalysts is discussed in the context of the mechanism of the ring-opening reaction of trioxane with acetic anhydride. Chapter 3 entails the synthesis of a series of low molecular weight oxymethylene diacetates. The crystallinity, melting- and crystallisation temperature of these com-pounds were determined. The effect of the composition of oxymethylene diacetate mixtures on their thermal properties is discussed in general. Moreover, the findings are discussed in the context of sustainable fuel applications for POM oligomers with relatively low molecular weight. In Chapter 4, the synthesis, thermal properties and the application of poly(acetalester) are discussed. Poly(acetalester) are novel and sustainable copolymers of trioxane and cyclic anhydride. The monomers are copolymerised in the presence of an open chain anhydride as chain transfer agent to achieve molecular weight control. Multiple aspects, like average length of oxymethylene segments, formation of cyclic poly(acetalester) as side products and the introduction of reactive moieties in the copolymer chain are discussed. In Chapter 5, the synthesis, the mechanism and the thermal properties of multi-block POM-PEG copolymers are dis-cussed. The control of the copolymer composition and the connection to their thermal proper-ties are explained. As outlook, the applications scope of POM in the fields of fuels, materials, lubricants and phase change materials are discussed.
Genome-wide association study in patients with posterior urethral valves (2022)

Congenital lower urinary tract obstructions (LUTO) are most often caused by posterior urethral valves (PUV), a male limited anatomical obstruction of the urethra affecting 1 in 4,000 male live births. Little is known about the genetic background of PUV. Here, we report the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for PUV in 4 cohorts of patients and controls. The final meta-analysis included 756 patients and 4,823 ethnicity matched controls and comprised 5,754,208 variants that were genotyped or imputed and passed quality control in all 4 cohorts. No genome-wide significant locus was identified, but 33 variants showed suggestive significance (<i>P</i> < 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). When considering only loci with multiple variants residing within < 10 kB of each other showing suggestive significance and with the same effect direction in all 4 cohorts, 3 loci comprising a total of 9 variants remained. These loci resided on chromosomes 13, 16, and 20. The present GWAS and meta-analysis is the largest genetic study on PUV performed to date. The fact that no genome-wide significant locus was identified, can be explained by lack of power or may indicate that common variants do not play a major role in the etiology of PUV. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted to replicate and validate the 3 loci that yielded suggestive associations.
ENVELOPED VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES (eVLPs) EXPRESSING MODIFIED FORMS OF ZIKA VIRUS PROTEINS E AND NS1 PROTECT MICE FROM ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION (2019)

Abstract While Zika virus (ZIKV) infection induces mild disease in the majority of cases, it has been identified as responsible for microcephaly and severe neurological disorders in recent 2015-2016 outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Since then, several prophylactic vaccine strategies have been studied. Here, we describe the development of a ZIKV candidate vaccine consisting of bivalent enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) expressing a modified form of E and truncated NS1 (EG/NS1) proteins. In EG/NS1, the E transmembrane/cytoplasmic tail has been replaced with those domains from the VSV G protein and a β-domain of NS1 was fused in-frame to Gag from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). Immunization of BALB/C mice demonstrated that bivalent EG/NS1 and monovalent EG eVLPs induced comparable levels of antibody (Ab) titers but that EG/NS1 induced much higher neutralizing activity, comparable to naturally acquired anti-ZIKV immunity. In contrast, monovalent NS1 eVLPs did not induce a significant anti-NS1 Ab response but promoted strong T cell immunity that was also elicited with EG/NS1 eVLPs. ZIKV challenge studies in C57BL/6-IFNαR −/− mice demonstrated that EG/NS1 eVLPs conferred 100% protection against clinical disease after ZIKV challenge compared to 80% protection after EG eVLP vaccination, with protection against challenge correlating with neutralizing antibody titers and overt signs of infection. Author Summary Zika virus has caused rapidly spreading epidemics with potentially severe neurological symptoms including microcephaly in new born babies. Rapid progress has been made with several candidate vaccines under clinical evaluation but no vaccine or treatment is yet available. In this context, we have produced and tested recombinant virus-like particles that incorporate one or two Zika virus proteins, E and NS1 that have been modified for optimal efficacy. Our immunogenicity studies in mice showed a synergistic effect of both proteins in the bivalent vaccine. NS1 induced a strong T cell response enhancing the neutralizing antibody production induced by the E protein. In challenge experiments, the bivalent vaccine protected 100% of mice from clinical signs of Zika virus infection. These products could be further used to explore Zika virus correlates of protection and evaluated as vaccine candidates.
Synthesis and structural studies of a lanthanide complex of a calix[4]arene tris-amide (2004)

The coordination chemistry of amide-substituted calixarenes is reviewed. The synthesis of a gadolinium complex of a tris-amide calix[4]arene is described, involving the reaction of 5,11,17,23-tetra- tert -butyl-24-hydroxy-26,27,28-tris(diethylcarbamoylmethoxy)calix[4]arene ( L ) with gadolinium picrate dodecahydrate. Structural studies demonstrated that the complex can be formulated as [(pic- O )Gd{( L –H)(EtOH)}](pic)·2 EtOH. .
Objective assessment of spasticity, strength, and function with early exhibition of dantrolene sodium after cerebrovascular accident: a randomized double-blind study. (1992)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine whether early exhibition of Dantrium (Dantrolene Sodium) in patients with cerebrovascular accidents, before the onset of significant spasticity, would enhance the functional outcome of rehabilitation. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the trial and 31 satisfactorily completed the study. A modified Cybex isokinetic dynamometer was used to gather information on strength and muscle tone. Clinical, functional, and biochemical data were also collected. It was found that Dantrium reduced strength in the unaffected limbs but did not alter strength in the paretic limbs. Dantrium produced no alteration in clinical tone, functional outcome, or biochemical tests at the dosage (200 mg per day) used in this study.
946  nm Nd:YAG laser with cavity dumping (2018)

An end-pumped Nd:YAG 946 nm laser with pulse duration of 1.6 ns, output energy of 2.5 mJ, and pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz is described. Such a combination of the parameters achieved has become possible due to the implementation of the cavity-dumping mode.
Phase II trial of trofosfamide in patients with advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcomas. (2003)

No objective remission was observed with oral low-dose trofosfamide in heavily pretreated soft tissue sarcoma patients, but almost half of the patients achieved disease stabilisation for half a year. The moderate toxicity profile observed in this study allows the consideration of trofosfamide as a reasonable palliative treatment option for patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
Effects of ischemia and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor flunixin on in vitro passage of lipopolysaccharide across equine jejunum (2004)

Ischemia increased LPS passage across equine jejunal mucosa. Flunixin delayed mucosal recovery but did not exacerbate LPS absorption. Evaluation of the clinical importance of flunixin-associated delayed mucosal recovery requires further in vivo investigation.
Observation of diffuse gamma-ray with Electron-Tracking Compton imaging camera loaded on balloon (2007)

We have developed an electron tracking Compton camera (ETCC) as an MeV gamma-ray telescope in the next generation. Our detector consists of a gaseous time projection chamber and a position sensitive scintillation camera. In order to evaluate the performance of this detector, we constructed a flight model detector as a balloon experiment for the observation of diffuse cosmic gamma rays and atmospheric gamma rays. The balloon launched on September 1 in 2006. The balloon reached to 35 km at altitude, and the level flight continued during 4.0 hours. We succeeded in the detection of about 200 downward gamma rays in the energy range of 100 keV-1 MeV during the 3.5 hours level flight (live time 3.0 hours). The detected photon number was consistent to the simulated one. Also, we measured the dependence of the gamma-ray flux on the zenith angle between 0deg and 90deg. Here we report on the detailed performance of the ETCC in this flight.
I Have Seen the Future, and it is Us (1999)

It' s been just over ten years since Scientific American published a cover story on virtual environments at NASA Ames: the article that launched a thousand projects. Since then, VR technologies have matured to the point where it' s a potent reality in commercial and research organizations worldwide. Ten years from now, what will we be able to say we' ve accomplished? This preview will be presented by Linda Jacobson, who is responsible for SGI' s virtual reality short- and long-term strategies.
ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin) is Expressed in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Relates to Human Hepatic Steatosis in Two Independent Clinical Collectives (2017)

Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)/betatrophin expression in visceral adipose tissue and associations with circulating fatty acid profile have not yet been investigated.Forty subjects were included in a cross-sectional study, 57 in a dietary weight reduction intervention. Circulating Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin was measured in all subjects. Liver and adipose tissue were sampled and plasma fatty acids and tissue Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin expression were evaluated in the cross-sectional study. In the intervention study oral glucose testing and liver magnetic resonance scanning at baseline and after 6 months were performed. Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin mRNA was increased in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.001). Circulating ANGPTL8/betatrophin correlated with liver steatosis (r=0.42, p=0.047), triacylglycerols (r=0.34, p=0.046), saturated (r=0.43, p=0.022), monounsaturated (r=0.51, p=0.007), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (r=-0.53, p=0.004). In the intervention study, baseline Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin correlated with age (r=0.32, p=0.010) and triacylglycerols (r=0.30, p=0.02) and was increased with hepatic steatosis (p=0.033). Weight loss reduced liver fat by 45% and circulating Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin by 11% (288±17 vs. 258±17 pg/ml; p=0.015). Angiopoietin-like protein 8/betatrophin is related to liver steatosis, while visceral adipose tissue represents an additional site of expression in humans.
Transformation behaviour of a Ti50Ni47Fe3alloy II. Subsequent premartensitic behaviour and the commensurate phase (1983)

Abstract A second ‘premartenaitic’ effect in a Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy was found to occur approximately 12°C below the onset of the initial ‘normal-to-incommensurate’ transition described in the previous paper. This subsequent phase change involves a structural transition from a ‘distorted’ CsCl parent to a rhombohedral product, during which the ‘1/3’ superlattice reflections are shifted to precise 1/3 positions. The rhombohedral distortion is effected by a homogeneous expansion along 〈111〉 directions, allowing the lattice and CDWs to lock in and become commensurate. Microstructural changes associated with this structural transition involve the formation of four crystallographic variants of ‘needle’-like domains (three variants and the ‘matrix’). Each such domain has its unique rhombohedral axis, reflecting the rhombohedral distortion along one of the four 〈111〉 body diagonals of the cubic unit cell. The ‘needle’ domains and the matrix are twin-related with respect to a {110} twinning plane. Small antiphase-like microdomains are found within both the ‘needles’ and the ‘matrix’. Their size is independent of temperature. Electron diffraction patterns show that within a single needle domain 1/3(111) superlattice reflections lie along only one 〈111〉∗ direction, and the 1/3(110) super-lattice reflections lie only along those 〈110〉∗ directions which are normal to 〈111〉∗. The disappearance of the needle domains on heating shows some thermal hysteresis, indicative of a first-order phase change. The above phenomena are interpreted in terms of a first-order incommensurate-to-commensurate structural change, with the formation of twins leading to a reduction in long-range strain distortion.
Risk Indicators for the Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Porcine Influenza Viruses and Aujeszky's Disease Virus in Slaughter Pigs from Fattening Pig Herds (1999)

Epidemiological aspects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were investigated in slaughter pigs from 50 fattening pig herds. Herd factors as potential risk indicators for respiratory disease were obtained by means of a questionnaire. At slaughter, blood samples were collected from each herd, and the proportion of seropositive pigs per herd was assessed for each of these pathogens. The median herd-level seroprevalence of the agents were: Mh 88%, H1N1 100%, H3N2 60% and ADV 90%. The percentage of herds in which all investigated fattening pigs were seronegative for these agents was: Mh 0%, H1N1 0%, H3N2 12% and ADV 18%. The percentage of herds in which all investigated fattening pigs were seropositive for these agents was: Mh 8%, H1N1 71%, H3N2 22% and ADV 40%. A positive association was found between influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, and a negative association between influenza H3N2 virus and ADV. There were no risk indicators for the seroprevalence of Mh. Three risk indicators were associated with the seroprevalence of influenza H1N1 virus: a fully slatted floor, an increasing number of pigs in the municipality and dry feeding. Three risk indicators were found for the seroprevalence of influenza H3N2 virus: purchase of pigs from > or = two herds, an increasing number of pigs in the municipality and natural ventilation. The seroprevalence of ADV was influenced by two risk indicators: an increasing number of pig herds in the municipality and an increasing number of pigs per pen.
[Re-evaluation of HER2 status in 1 501 invasive breast cancers according to the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathology guidelines]. (2015)

The application of 2013 ASCO/CAP guideline could lead to an increase in positive and equivocal rates, and a decrease in negative rate. The influence could be more prominent for the evaluation of FISH result, and would raise the positive and equivocal rates since a mean HER2 copy number is used in the new criteria. Our re-estimation of IHC result was concordant with the prediction of the guideline.
Adherence to Orthodontic Treatment in Youth With Cleft Lip and/or Palate (2019)

Nonadherence was associated with diagnosis, age, and history of behavioral health or social work involvement. An understanding of adherence and relationships with clinical and demographic factors can inform clinical care and support intervention development to improve outcomes.
Pre-existing Technological Core and Roots for the CRISPR Breakthrough (2018)

Abstract This paper applies objective methods to explore the technological origins of the widely acclaimed CRISPR breakthrough in the technological domain of genome engineering. Previously developed patent search techniques are first used to recover a set of patents that well-represent the genome editing domain before CRISPR. Main paths are then determined from the citation network associated with this patent set allowing identification of the three major knowledge trajectories. The most significant of these trajectories for CRISPR involves the core of genome editing with less significant trajectories involving cloning and endonuclease specific developments. The major patents on the core trajectory are consistent with qualitative expert knowledge of the topical area. A second set of patents that we call the CRISPR roots are obtained by finding the patents directly cited by the recent CRISPR patents along with patents cited by that set of patents. We find that the CRISPR roots contain 8 key patents from the genome engineering main path associated with restriction endonucleases and the expected strong connection of CRISPR to prior genome editing technology such as Zn finger nucleases. Nonetheless, analysis of the full CRISPR roots shows that a very wide array of technological knowledge beyond genome engineering has contributed to achieving the CRISPR breakthrough. Such breadth in origins is not surprising since “spillover” is generally perceived as important and previous qualitative studies of CRISPR have shown not only technological breadth in origins but scientific breadth as well. In addition, we find that the estimated rate of functional performance improvement of the CRISPR roots set is about 9% per year compared to the genome engineering set (˜4 % per year). These estimates indicate below average rates of improvement and may indicate that CRISPR (and perhaps yet undiscovered) genome engineering developments could evolve in effectiveness over an upcoming long rather than short time period.
The simplified real frequency method applied to the active filters synthesis (2002)

A direct method for the design of active filters using the simplified real frequency technique is presented. This method bypasses the analytic theory and yields the maximum flat transducer power gain possible. An example for low-pass filters is given. The example involves an active filter over the band 1-5 GHz, with a transmission zero at 5.6 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>