gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer‐By‐Layer Films as a Biomimetic Reservoir for rhBMP‐2 Delivery: Controlled Differentiation of Myoblasts to Osteoblasts (2009)

Abstract Efficient delivery of growth or survival factors to cells is one of the most important long‐term challenges of current cell‐based tissue engineering strategies. The extracellular matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of growth factors through interactions with its components. In the matrix, growth factors are protected against circulating proteases and locally concentrated. Thus, the localized and long‐lasting delivery of a matrix‐bound recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) from a biomaterial surface would mimic in vivo conditions and increase BMP‐2 efficiency by limiting its degradation. Herein, it is shown that crosslinked poly( L ‐lysine)/hyaluronan (HA) layer‐by‐layer films can serve as a reservoir for rhBMP‐2 delivery to myoblasts and induce their differentiation into osteoblasts in a dose‐dependent manner. The amount of rhBMP‐2 loaded in the films is controlled by varying the deposition conditions and the film thickness. Its local concentration in the film is increased up to ≈500‐fold when compared to its initial solution concentration. Its adsorption on the films, as well as its diffusion within the films, is evidenced by microfluorimetry and confocal microscopy observations. A direct interaction of rhBMP‐2 with HA is demonstrated by size‐exclusion chromatography, which could be at the origin of the rhBMP‐2 “trapping” in the film and of its low release from the films. The bioactivity of rhBMP‐2‐loaded films is due neither to film degradation nor to rhBMP‐2 release. The rhBMP‐2‐containing films are extremely resistant and could sustain three successive culture sequences while remaining bioactive, thus confirming the important and protective effect of rhBMP‐2 immobilization. These films may find applications in the local delivery of immobilized growth factors for tissue‐engineered constructs and for metallic biomaterial surfaces, as they can be deposited on a wide range of substrates with different shapes, sizes, and composition.
Adaptive Optics in Microscopy (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Aberrations in Microscopy Principles of Adaptive Optics Aberration Correction in High-Resolution Optical Microscopy Aberration Measurement and Wavefront Sensing Control Strategies for Adaptive Microscopy Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Mouse model for noninvasive imaging of HIF prolyl hydroxylase activity: Assessment of an oral agent that stimulates erythropoietin production (2005)

Many human diseases are characterized by the development of tissue hypoxia. Inadequate oxygenation can cause cellular dysfunction and death. Tissues use many strategies, including induction of angiogenesis and alterations in metabolism, to survive under hypoxic conditions. The heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master regulator of genes that promote adaptation to hypoxia. HIF activity is linked to oxygen availability because members of the EGLN family hydroxylate HIFalpha subunits on specific prolyl residues when oxygen is present, which marks them for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We created a mouse that ubiquitously expresses a bioluminescent reporter consisting of firefly luciferase fused to a region of HIF that is sufficient for oxygen-dependent degradation. Our validation studies suggest that this mouse will be useful for monitoring hypoxic tissues and evaluating therapeutic agents that stabilize HIF. One such agent, the HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4383, was active in the liver and kidney after systemic administration as determined by bioluminescence imaging, transcription profiling, and production of erythropoietin, indicating that the HIF transcriptional program can be manipulated in vivo with orally active organic small molecules.
Electronically tunable quantum phase slips in voltage-biased superconducting rings as a base for phase-slip flux qubits (2020)

Abstract Quantum phase slips represent a coherent mechanism to couple flux states of a superconducting loop. Since their first direct observation, there have been substantial developments in building charge-insensitive quantum phase-slip circuits. At the heart of these devices is a weak link, often a nanowire, interrupting a superconducting loop. Owing to the very small cross-sectional area of such a nanowire, quantum phase slip rates in the gigahertz range can be achieved. Instead, here we present the use of a bias voltage across a superconducting loop to electrostatically induce a weak link, thereby amplifying the rate of quantum phase slips without physically interrupting the loop. Our simulations reveal that the bias voltage modulates the free energy barrier between subsequent flux states in a very controllable fashion, providing a route towards a phase-slip flux qubit with a broadly tunable transition frequency.
<title>Processing of diamond and ceramics by picosecond/nanosecond laser pulses in IR-UV spectral range</title> (1998)

Laser processing of hard materials, in particular, diamond and ceramics, demands an optimal laser system for a particular application: cutting, drilling, patterning, etc. A comparative experimental study of laser drilling of CVD diamond and 3D microstructuring of ceramics has been performed varying the main laser radiation parameters -- wavelength, pulsewidth and pulse energy. Ablation of CVD diamond films by nanosecond (5 - 9 ns) and picosecond (150 - 300 ps) pulses at three different wavelengths of 1078, 539 and 270 nm in the range of laser fluence 1 divided by 10<SUP>3</SUP> J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was investigated. Ablation rates at different stages of laser drilling -- for shallow craters, deep holes with aspect ratio of 3 divided by 5 and ultradeep channels (aspect ratio up to 30 divided by 40) -- were measured and compared. The effect of waveguide propagation of laser radiation in deep channel was revealed. The role of laser-plasma interaction as well as the modification of a surface layer are discussed. The results of 3D laser microstructuring of ceramics -- AlN, SiC, Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> -- are demonstrated. The rectangular in plane structures (pockets) with typical size of 200 X 200 X 100 micrometer<SUP>3</SUP> with steep walls and flat bottom were produced. The influence of radiation parameters on the quality of the tested structures, mainly, on the bottom roughness and walls steepness has been analyzed.
Student Engagement and Assessment during COVID-19: A Case Study from an Information Systems Undergraduate Program in Saudi Arabia (2021)

COVID-19 has transformed human life and the new normal has transformed business and social practices of humans. Such changes have also affected the education sector where conventional learning is transformed to online learning and assessments have resulted in online assessments. Such transformation is not a technological shift, but it has long-term implications for all the stakeholders. To continuously improve the learning practices during this pandemic time there is a need for information exchange to foster best practices. In this paper, we have compared the students' assessment performance by conventional face-to-face learning and online learning, and we found minimum variations. Based on our approach adopted during online lectures we have proposed a model to foster effective learning during the COVID-19 period. The findings from this study will help other institutions and academics to foster a better learning environment for their students.
Autonomous Collision Imminent Steering Maneuver in Presence of Surrounding Obstacles (2016)

In this paper, a collision avoidance system is proposed to steer away from a leading target vehicle and other surrounding obstacles. A virtual target lane is generated based on an object map resulted from perception module. The virtual target lane is used by a path planning algorithm for an evasive steering maneuver. A geometric method which is computationally fast for real-time implementations is employed. The algorithm is tested in real-time and the simulation results suggest the effectiveness of the system in avoiding collision with not only the leading target vehicle but also other surrounding obstacles.
Desarrollo de micro actuadores magnéticos en tecnología de sí. Implementación de procesos electroquímicos para microsistemas de si (2003)

La motivacion de esta Tesis se centra en el desarrollo y Caracterizacion de tecnologias de dispositivos Microactuadores compatibles con la tecnologia estandar de Si. En una etapa inicial, se planteo la utilizacion de aleaciones con memoria de forma para el desarrollo de los dispositivos microactuadores, para lo que se ha realizado un estudio de los procesos de deposito de capas delgadas de la aleacion Nitinol (NiTi), mediante el deposito de capas elementales de Ni y Ti posteriores tratamientos termicos. No obstante, los problemas severos encontrados en el control de la composicion y estructura de las capas utilizando la tecnologia disponible en barcelona han llevado a plantear el desarrollo de actuadores magneticos para ello, las limitaciones en el espesor de las capas obtenidas con los procesos convencionales en la tecnologia de Si han hecho necesario desarrollar tecnicas alternativas basadas en procesos electroquimicos. En este marco, en esta tesis se ha abordado el desarrollo y puesto a punto de procesos de deposito electroquimicos para la realizacion de dispositivos Microactuadores en Tecnologia de Si. En este estudio, se han seleccionado el Cu y el Ni como materiales a depositar, y se han analizado los procesos de deposito para el crecimiento de capas de Cu y de estructuras multicapas Ni/Cu sobre diferentes tipos de substrato como obleas de Si y capas sacrificiales de oxido (SiO2). Al final de la tesis se plantea la aplicacion de estos procesos para el diseno y realizacion de dispositivos Microactuadores. Estos dispositivos se han basado en la integracion de bobinas de Cu en substratos micromecanizados de Si. Se ha realizado una modelizacion de los dispositivos, basandose el estudio de la interaccion entre el campo magnetico creado por las bobinas y un iman permanente situado en su nucleo, en funcion de los parametros de diseno. La caracterizacion de los dispositivos realizados ha permitido confirm
Compact self-wiring in cultured neural networks (2006)

We present a novel approach for patterning cultured neural networks in which a particular geometry is achieved via anchoring of cell clusters (tens of cells/each) at specific positions. In addition, compact connections among pairs of clusters occur spontaneously through a single non-adherent straight bundle composed of axons and dendrites. The anchors that stabilize the cell clusters are either poly-D-lysine, a strong adhesive substrate, or carbon nanotubes. Square, triangular and circular structures of connectivity were successfully realized. Monitoring the dynamics of the forming networks in real time revealed that the self-assembly process is mainly driven by the ability of the neuronal cell clusters to move away from each other while continuously stretching a neurite bundle in between. Using the presented technique, we achieved networks with wiring regions which are made exclusively of neuronal processes unbound to the surface. The resulted network patterns are very stable and can be maintained for as long as 11 weeks. The approach can be used to build advanced neuro-chips for bio-sensing applications (e.g. drug and toxin detection) where the structure, stability and reproducibility of the networks are of great relevance.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROALLYL FLUOROSULFATE, A REACTIVE NEW PERFLUOROALLYLATING AGENT (1981)

Abstract Die Reaktion von SO 3 mit einem 1.5‐2fachen Überschuß Perfluorpropen (I) gibt neben dem Sulton (II) das Titelreagenz (III), das beim Behandeln mit SO 3 /B(O‐Me)3 in (I) übergeht; unter gleichen Bedingungen erweist sich das Sulton (II) als stabil.
Main beam angle control microstrip antenna based on phase gradient metasurface (2016)

A novel main beam angle control microstrip antenna is designed and fabricated by loading a monolayer transmissive phase gradient metasurface (PGM). The anomalous refraction effects of the PGM are able to introduce predefined wave vector to control the radiation direction. The resonant frequencies of the four different PGM loaded antennas are kept at 9 GHz when the height of the cavity is fixed. However, different radiation deflection angles 0°, 9.5°, 18.7°, 27.2° are achieved and respond correspondingly to the implemented phase difference 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°. The thickness of the antenna is reduced to merely 0.1*wavelength. The measured results conform with the theoretical calculation and the simulated results, which indicates this design method is convincing and viable.
Evolution of Heat Transfer in Pool Boiling in Contaminated Water (2020)

Abstract Boiling heat transfer serves as an efficient mechanism to dissipate large amounts of thermal energy due to the latent heat of phase change. In academic studies, typically ultra-pure deionized (DI) water is used to avoid contamination. However, in industrial and commercial settings, the working fluid might be contaminated with sediments, dust, salts, or organic matter. Long-term boiling processes in non-DI water cause substantial build-up of a stable layer of deposit that dramatically reduces the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, heating applications in a contaminated medium demand strategies to prevent such fouling. Here, we studied the use of lubricant infused surfaces (LIS) and their ability to possibly minimize the deposition of calcium sulfate. Aluminum samples were infused with Krytox 102 oil and the heat transfer coefficient was investigated at a vertical and horizontal surface orientation. Fouling effects were introduced by pool boiling for 7.5 hours in a 6.97 mM calcium sulfate solution at constant heat flux. Heat flux curves for both plain aluminum and LIS were calibrated before contamination. Initially, the LIS was unable to support a nucleate phase and transitioned directly from liquid convection to film boiling heat transfer. Upon partial degradation of the lubricant layer during long-run experiments, nucleate boiling ensued. Over 7.5 hours, the heat transfer coefficient of each sample (Al and LIS) degraded between 5.4% and 7.9% with no significant correlation with either lubricant treatment or surface orientation. Post boiling profilometry was conducted on each sample to characterize the thickness and distribution of the calcium sulfate layer. In these experiments, the plain aluminum surface outperformed the LIS at both orientations in minimizing calcium layer thickness. The LIS oriented vertically outperformed the LIS oriented horizontally.
Interaction of the N-terminus of sterol carrier protein 2 with membranes: role of membrane curvature (1999)

Although neither the physiological function nor the mechanism of action of sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP(2)) is yet completely clear, it is thought that SCP(2) interacts with membranes to elicit its biological effects. The results presented here show that the SCP(2) N-terminus, composed of two amphipathic alpha-helices, interacted preferentially with highly curved but not lower-curvature membranes containing anionic phospholipid. CD spectra of SCP(2) showed up to 1. 2-fold increased alpha-helical content, on the interaction of SCP(2) with small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) (median radius 10-14 nm) but less with large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) (median radius 52-60 nm). Although enhanced interaction with the SUV membranes was due in part to the radius of curvature and to the greater exposure of acidic phospholipid in the outer leaflet of the bilayer, simply increasing the molar percentage of acidic phospholipid in the LUV membranes had much less effect on SCP(2) binding. A similar preferential interaction was observed with highly curved SUV as opposed to LUV for the SCP(2) N-terminal peptide (1-32)SCP(2) as well as structurally modified peptides in the order (1-32)SCP(2)=(10-32)SCP(2)>(1-24)SCP(2)>>(1-E20-32)SCP(2). The CD results were confirmed with an independent filtration binding assay, which showed that SCP(2) bound 5-fold more to SUV than LUV, whereas its N-terminal peptides bound up to 4-fold better in the order (1-32)SCP(2)=(10-32)SCP(2)>(1-24)SCP(2)>(1-E20-32)SCP(2). Finally, cholesterol potentiated the binding of SCP(2) and N-terminal peptides to anionic-phospholipid-containing SUV but not LUV. These findings were consistent with the SCP(2) N-terminus being a membrane-binding domain that was highly dependent on membrane surface curvature as well as on lipid composition.
Emergency medical dispatchers’ ability to identify large vessel occlusion stroke during emergency calls (2021)

A small minority of stroke dispatches include a positive answer to the CED question but paramedics rarely confirm the emergency medical dispatcher's suspicion of CED as a sign of LVO. Few patients in need of MT can be found this way. Stroke dispatch protocol with a CED question needs intensive implementation.
Alzheimer's disease beyond the genomic era: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy‐based metabolomics (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease, with no definitive biomarkers available that allow clinical diagnosis; this represents a major problem for the advance of efficient drug discovery programs. A successful approach towards the understanding and treatment of AD should take into consideration this complex nature. In this sense, metabolic networks are subject to severe stoichiometric restrictions. Metabolomics amplifies changes both in the proteome and the genome, and represents a more accurate approximation to the phenotype of an organism in health and disease. In this article, we will examine the current rationale for metabolomics in AD, its basic methodology and the available data in animal models and human studies. The discussed topics will highlight the importance of being able to use the metabolomic information in order to understand disease mechanisms from a systems biology perspective as a non-invasive approach to diagnose and grade AD. This could allow the assessment of new therapies during clinical trials, the identification of patients at risk to develop adverse effects during treatment and the final implementation of new tools towards a more personalized medicine.
Impaired mitophagy at the heart of injury (2011)

Recent publications link mitophagy mediated by PINK1 and Parkin with cardioprotection and attenuation of inflammation and cell death. The field is in need of methods to monitor mitochondrial turnover in vivo to support the development of new therapies targeting mitochondrial turnover.
HSP90α induces immunosuppressive myeloid cells in melanoma via TLR4 signaling (2022)

Our findings demonstrated that soluble rHSP90α increased the resistance of normal human monocytes to apoptosis and converted them into immunosuppressive MDSC via TLR4 signaling that stimulated PD-L1 and IDO-1 expression. Furthermore, patients with melanoma with high concentrations of HSP90α displayed increased PD-L1 expression on M-MDSC and reduced PFS after ICI therapy, suggesting HSP90α as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immunosuppression in melanoma.
Model Studies of Ferulate−Coniferyl Alcohol Cross-Product Formation in Primary Maize Walls:  Implications for Lignification in Grasses (2002)

Ferulate and diferulates mediate cell wall cross-linking in grasses, but little is known about their cross-coupling reactions with monolignols and their role in lignin formation in primary cell walls. Feruloylated primary walls of maize were artificially lignified and then saponified to release ferulate and diferulates and their cross-products with coniferyl alcohol for analysis by GC-FID, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Ferulate and 5-5-coupled diferulate had a greater propensity than 8-coupled diferulates to copolymerize with coniferyl alcohol, forming mostly 4-O-beta' and 8-beta' and some 8-O-4' and 8-5' cross-coupled structures. Some 8-beta' structures de-esterified from xylans, but these cross-links were subsequently replaced as 8-coupled diferulates formed stable cross-coupled structures with lignin. Based on the incorporation kinetics of ferulate and diferulates and the predicted growth of lignin, cross-products formed at the onset of lignification acted as nucleation sites for lignin polymerization.
Can Gap Tuning Schemes of Long-Range Corrected Hybrid Functionals Improve the Description of Hyperpolarizabilities? (2014)

Long-range corrected hybrid density functionals (LC-DFT), with range separation parameters optimally tuned to obey Koopmans’ theorem, are used to calculate the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of prototypical charge-transfer compounds p-nitroaniline (PNA) and dimethylamino nitrostilbene (DANS) in the gas phase and various solvents. It is shown that LC-DFT methods with default range separation parameters tend to underestimate hyperpolarizabilities (most notably in solution) and that the tuning scheme can sharply improve results, especially in the cases when the standard LC-DFT errors are largest. Nonetheless, we also identify pathological cases (two pyrrole derivatives) for which LC-DFT underestimates the hyperpolarizabilities, regardless of tuning. It is noted that such pathological cases do not follow the usual inverse relation between the hyperpolarizability and amount of exact exchange, and thus this behavior may serve as a diagnostic tool for the adequacy of LC-DFT.
The methyltransferase Suv39h1 links the SUMO pathway to HP1α marking at pericentric heterochromatin (2016)

The trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3) - a mark recognized by HP1 that depends on the Suv39h lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) - has provided a basis for the reader/writer model to explain HP1 accumulation at pericentric heterochromatin in mammals. Here, we identify the Suv39h1 paralog, as a unique enhancer of HP1α sumoylation both in vitro and in vivo. The region responsible for promoting HP1α sumoylation (aa1-167) is distinct from the KMT catalytic domain and mediates binding to Ubc9. Tethering the 1-167 domain of Suv39h1 to pericentric heterochromatin, but not mutants unable to bind Ubc9, accelerates the de novo targeting of HP1α to these domains. Our results establish an unexpected feature of Suv39h1, distinct from the KMT activity, with a major role for heterochromatin formation. We discuss how linking Suv39h1 to the SUMO pathway provides conceptual implications for our general view on nuclear domain organization and physiological functions.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in High‐Risk Head and Neck Surgery: One‐Day vs. Five‐Day Therapy (1986)

Patients who undergo major contaminated surgery of the head and neck benefit from perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. This study was developed to determine if 5 days of antibiotic administration would be more effective than 1 day. A multi-institutional prospective randomized double-blind study was designed. Patients who were identified as requiring pedicled flap reconstruction were potential candidates for the study. Later, patients were randomly assigned to receive cefoperazone sodium for either 24 hours or 120 hours. In each case, the drug was administered intravenously, beginning 1 to 2 hours preoperatively and continued for the prescribed period. One hundred nine patients were evaluable. Fifty-three patients were assigned to 1 day of perioperative prophylaxis. Wound infection developed in ten patients (18.9%). Fifty-six patients were assigned to 5 days of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Wound infection developed in 14 (25%) of these patients (P greater than .05). These data suggest that no beneficial effect from administration of antibiotics for longer than 24 hours postoperatively can be achieved in patients who undergo myocutaneous flap reconstruction.