gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Pharmacokinetics of contraceptive steroids with reference to long-term administration]. (1991)

Pharmacokinetic investigations (c0h, c2h, c6h, c24h, AUC24) were carried out both in the first and last four days of a treatment cycle in patients of different ages, who used oral contraceptives at least for 12 months. 57 women took the preparation Trisiston (three-step-formulation with the components 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol (EE2) + 0.05 mg levonorgestrel (LNG), 0.04 mg EE2 + 0.075 mg LNG, 0.03 mg EE2 + 0.125 mg LNG), 23 subjects used Gravistat (0.05 mg EE2 + 0.125 mg LNG) and 17 patients were under Certostat, a preparation still in clinical evaluation (0.05 mg EE2 + 2.0 mg Dienogest (DNG)). The levels of EE2, LNG and DNG were measured by means of radioimmunoassays. Between the concentrations obtained after administration of a first and single tablet (earlier investigations) and those determined in long-time users during the first 4 days following the tablet-free interval no qualitative and quantitative differences were observed. Between the levels of EE2 and LNG determined in the first and last days of the treatment cycle, marked differences were found in patients under the formulations Trisiston and Gravistat, but not in those taking Certostat. It is concluded that a cyclic and reversible cumulating effect emerges under the influence of LNG-containing contraceptives, the mechanism of which cannot be explained solely by the increase of carrier protein capacity. It seems possibly due to an alteration of steroid metabolism resulting from the interaction between both components.
Energy transfer and multicolor emission in single-phase Na5Ln(WO4)4−z(MoO4)z:Tb3+,Eu3+ (Ln = La, Y, Gd) phosphors (2016)

A series of Tb<sup>3+</sup> and/or Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped Na<sub>5</sub>Ln(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4−z</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>z</sub> (0 ≤ <italic>z</italic> ≤ 4, Ln = La, Y, Gd) phosphors have been prepared <italic>via</italic> a simple Pechini method.
Influence of Scattering and Ionization on RF Impedance in Glow Discharge Sheaths (1979)

The effects of scattering and ionization on the rf impedance of a glow discharge sheath are calculated using an equivalent dc sheath model. The effects of scattering are treated in terms of a drag force; equilibrium between the ion drift velocity and field is not required. The ratio of first ionization coefficient to pressure, α/p, is assumed to be constant, and the ion energy and ion current injected from the glow are assumed as initial parameters. In the limit of low pressures, the calculation agrees with the Child-Langmuir law. At intermediate pressures, the results agree with the mobility limited solution. At high pressures, the product of pressure and sheath dimension, pd, becomes constant because of ionization effects. The results of this calculation, obtained by numeric integration, can be accurately approximated by an interpolation formula. This formula provides a simple means for calculating the rf impedance of a sheath.
An Evaluation of Camera Pose Methods for an Augmented Reality System: Application to Teaching Industrial Robots. (2013)

In automotive industry, industrial robots are widely used in production lines for many tasks such as welding, painting or assembly. Their use requires, from users, both a good manipulation and robot control. Recently, new tools have been developed to realize fast and accurate trajectories in many production sectors by using the real prototype of vehicle or a generalized design within a virtual simulation platform. However, many issues could be considered in these cases: the delay between the design of the vehicle and its production is often important, moreover, the virtual modeling presents a non realistic aspect of the real robot and vehicle, so this factor could introduce localization inacurracies in performing trajectories. Our work is registered as a part of TRI project (Teleteaching Industrial Robots) which aims to realize a demonstrator showing the interaction of industrial robots with virtual components and allowing to train users to perform successfully their tasks on a virtual representation of a production entity.
Doppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral blood flow in the human fetus (1986)

Summary. A mechanical sector and linear array real‐time scanner combined with a pulsed Doppler system was used for recording the flow velocity waveform in the internal carotid artery, the lower thoracic part of the descending aorta and umbilical artery in the human fetus. A total of 42 fetuses in normal pregnancy and nine growth‐retarded fetuses between 26 and 41 weeks gestation was studied. In normal pregnancy the mean pulsatility index (PI) in the internal carotid artery varied between 1·5 and 1·6, in the descending aorta between 1·7 and 1·8 and in the umbilical artery between 0·7 and 1·3. In the growth‐retarded fetuses the PI was reduced in the internal carotid artery and raised in the descending aorta and umbilical artery, suggesting an increased peripheral vascular resistance in the fetal body and placenta and a compensatory reduction in peripheral vascular resistance in the fetal cerebrum, i.e. a brain‐sparing effect in the presence of fetal hypoxia.
Quantifying Beta‐Galactosylceramide Kinetics in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Subjects Using Deuterium Labeling (2016)

Therapeutics promoting myelin synthesis may enhance recovery in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. However, no suitable method exists to quantify myelination. The turnover of galactosylceramide (myelin component) is indicative of myelination in mice, but its turnover has not been determined in humans. Here, six healthy subjects consumed 120 mL 70% D<sub>2</sub> O daily for 70 days to label galactosylceramide. We then used mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling to quantify the turnover rate of galactosylceramide in cerebrospinal fluid. Maximum deuterium enrichment of body water ranged from 1.5-3.9%, whereas that of galactosylceramide was much lower: 0.05-0.14%. This suggests a slow turnover rate, which was confirmed by the model-estimated galactosylceramide turnover rate of 0.00168 day<sup>-1</sup> , which corresponds to a half-life of 413 days. Additional studies in patients with multiple sclerosis are needed to investigate whether galactosylceramide turnover could be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials with remyelination therapies.
Conservation Voltage Reduction with feedback from Advanced Metering Infrastructure (2012)

Dominion Virginia Power's Conservation Voltage Reduction program has demonstrated energy savings of up to 4% by optimizing off-peak voltage. The key innovation is incorporating end-of-line voltage data from every customer meter, which eliminates the need to maintain an electrical model of the feeder. CVR is accomplished via DMS control of the load tap changer based on voltage feedback from AMI meter data. Analysis of AMI voltage data determines a subset of meters representing the lowest customer voltages; these meters are read every 15 minutes and used to determine the optimal feeder voltage. A statistical evaluation of pilot feeders shows a CVR factor of 0.92% reduction in energy for each 1% reduction in voltage. In addition, customer voltage monitoring identifies operational issues prior to customer calls. The program is projected to save an average of 2.8% of annual energy when applied system-wide, and may be expanded to accomplish on-peak demand reduction.
Solid Content Dominates Emulsion Stability Predictions (2005)

A project was devised to determine what constituents in water-in-crude oil emulsions control emulsion stability. The work entailed gathering two groups of data. The first group required extensive characterization of a number of different emulsions. The emulsions were composed of crude oil having a wide range of chemical properties (e.g., API gravities ranging from 10 to 31° and asphaltene content from 0 to 17 wt %). The second group of data centered on using an extensive group of demulsifiers. By using a host of demulsifiers in a standardized bottle test, the stability of the emulsions was probed. Issues addressed in this study include which crude oil components or properties (specifically asphaltenes, resins, naphthenic acids, solids, aromaticity, metal content, viscosity, and API gravity) inhibit water drop, create off-spec oil, and generate poor oil−water interfaces. When comparing numerous crude oil components and properties simultaneously, solid content showed an overwhelming ability to describe the stability of water-in-crude oil emulsions. These studies suggest that without the inclusion of solids, emulsion stability as observed in the field cannot be adequately described. Furthermore, based on filtration through 0.45 μm pore size filter paper, all crude oils studied to date contain solids. Extrapolation of this finding indicates that there are no solid-free crude oils.
In vivo T cell activation properties of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. (1994)

Murine monoclonal antibodies specifically directed at the CD3 molecular complex are widely used in clinical transplantation. They are potent inhibitors of immune function and may be administered in association with conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, their use has been complicated by the severe clinical syndrome that invariably follows the first injections of the antibody. We have shown that this reaction relates to transient T cell activation, with production of a cohort cytokines. This in vivo activating effect is unique to anti-CD3 MoAbs. Furthermore, this property is highly monocyte-dependent, engaging Fc receptors, and thus varies according to the isotype of the administered MoAb. Another anti-T cell MoAb such as the BMA031 directed towards monomorphic determinants of the T cell receptor (TCR) does not promote such massive in vivo activation.
On the secondary layers in a stable solute gradient heated from below (1992)

When a fluid column stably stratified by a constant solute gradient is heated uniformly from below by raising its bottom temperature to a prescribed value above the ambient, double diffusive layers are formed successively from the bottom. The layered system thus developed consists of a thick bottom mixed layer and a series of much thinner secondary layers. An experimental stability analysis which considers the criterion for the onset of each secondary layer and its initial thickness is carried out. The stability results collapse on a straight line on the phase plane of thermal and solute Rayleigh numbers. The initial thickness of each secondary layer is a function of the ambient solute gradient and the fluid properties only and is independent of the applied vertical temperature difference.
Problems, limitations, and future trends in the analytical characterization of high-purity materials (1978)

Abstract
Effect of rapid thermal annealing on electrical and optical properties of Ga doped ZnO thin films prepared at room temperature (2006)

Ga doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on glass substrate at room temperature. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of these films were analyzed in order to investigate their dependence on oxygen pressure and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature. High quality GZO films with a low resistivity of 2.92×10−4Ωcm and a transparency above 94% were able to be formed at an oxygen pressure of 3×10−2Torr and a RTA temperature of 400°C. A four point probe method, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and ultraviolet–near-infrared grating spectrometer are used to investigate the properties of GZO films.
Isolated septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint. (2002)

This is a report of an isolated septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint where the infectious agent was Bacteroides sp. and where an early diagnosis was made using MRI.
Wnt/Wingless signaling through β-catenin requires the function of both LRP/Arrow and frizzled classes of receptors (2003)

Our study indicates that Wg signal transduction in S2 cells depends on the function of both LRPs and DFz2, and the results are consistent with the proposal that Wnt/Wg signals through the aminoterminal domains of its dual receptors, activating target genes through Dishevelled.
Effect of electron irradiation on the electrical properties of fibers of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (2003)

We carried out in situ resistivity measurements on macroscopic oriented ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes in a transmission electron microscope. We have found a minimum in the resistivity as a function of irradiation dose. This minimum is interpreted as a result of a twofold effect of the irradiation: the domination of covalent bond formation between tubes in a bundle due to broken bonds in the tube walls and the amorphization of the sample at high dose. Despite this improvement, the temperature dependence of the resistivity remains hopping-like.
Fibrin Sealants: Challenges and Solutions (2022)

Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding are major surgical complications. Tissue sealants, hemostats, and adhesives provide the armamentarium for establishing hemostatic balance, including the tissue sealant fibrin. Fibrin sealants combine advantages including instantaneous effect, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, several challenges remain. This review summarizes current fibrin product generations and highlights new trends and potential strategies for future improvement.
Stress and Defect Distribution of Thick GaN Film Homoepitaxially Regrown on Free-Standing GaN by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2010)

A 220-µm-thick Gallium nitride (GaN) layer was homoepitaxially regrown on the Ga-polar face of a 200-µm-thick free-standing c -plane GaN by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE). The boundary of the biaxial stress distribution in the GaN substrate after regrowth was clearly distinguished. One half part, the regrown GaN, was found to be more compressive than the other half part, the free-standing GaN. Additionally, the densities of the screw and mixed dislocations reduced from 2.4 ×10 7 to 6 ×10 6 cm -2 after regrowth. Furthermore, the yellow band emission almost disappeared, accompanied by a peak emission at approximately 380 nm related to the edge dislocation was under slightly improved in regrown GaN. We conclude that the reduction of the dislocation defects and Ga vacancies and/or O impurities are the two main reasons for the higher compressive stress in the regrown GaN than in the free-standing GaN, causing the curvature of the GaN substrate to be twice concave after regrowth.
Diagram Understanding in Geometry Questions (2014)

Automatically solving geometry questions is a long-standing AI problem. A geometry question typically includes a textual description accompanied by a diagram. The first step in solving geometry questions is diagram understanding, which consists of identifying visual elements in the diagram, their locations, their geometric properties, and aligning them to corresponding textual descriptions. In this paper, we present a method for diagram understanding that identifies visual elements in a diagram while maximizing agreement between textual and visual data. We show that the method's objective function is submodular; thus we are able to introduce an efficient method for diagram understanding that is close to optimal. To empirically evaluate our method, we compile a new dataset of geometry questions (textual descriptions and diagrams) and compare with baselines that utilize standard vision techniques. Our experimental evaluation shows an F1 boost of more than 17% in identifying visual elements and 25% in aligning visual elements with their textual descriptions.
Repair of Fused Silica Damage Using Selective Femtosecond Laser-Induced Etching (2023)

Timely repair of fused silica damage ensures the stable operation of high-power laser systems. In the traditional repair process, the material nearby the damaged area is gradually ablated with CO2 or femtosecond laser. Subsequently, homogenization and residual stress removal are required because of the microcracks and thermal accumulation generated with the ablation. As a result, the repair efficiency is greatly restricted. In this paper, a new method using in-volume, selective femtosecond laser-induced etching to repair the damage of fused silica is proposed. The region irradiated by femtosecond laser becomes more susceptible to the etching solution due to its constitutive characteristics having undergone chemical restructuring. In this way, material nearby the damaged area transparent to the laser radiation is modified locally inside the volume. A femtosecond laser is used to scan the damaged area with a 3D hollow trajectory. The applicable modification of fused silica occurs when the single pulse energy is approximately 2 μJ to 5 μJ, the repetition frequency is approximately 200 kHz to 500 kHz, and the scanning speed is approximately 10 mm/s. Then, the etching solution reacts quickly along the 3D profile of the modified path, and the damaged area is removed as a whole piece. This method can greatly reduce the workload of repair, and the etching process of fused silica is carried out synchronously. So, the etching efficiency is not affected by the number of damage points. In addition, the weak reaction between the etching solution and the substrate could homogenize the interface. It provides an efficient way to repair the surface damage of fused silica.
Bone Density in Children With Chronic Liver Disease Correlates With Growth and Cholestasis (2018)

Osteopenia and bone fractures are significant causes of morbidity in children with cholestatic liver disease. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis was performed in children with intrahepatic cholestatic diseases who were enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Causes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis in the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network. DXA was performed on participants aged >5 years (with native liver) diagnosed with bile acid synthetic disorder (BASD), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT), chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (CIC), and Alagille syndrome (ALGS). Weight, height, and body mass index Z scores were lowest in CIC and ALGS. Total bilirubin (TB) and serum bile acids (SBA) were highest in ALGS. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) Z scores were significantly lower in CIC and ALGS than in BASD and A1AT (P < 0.001). After anthropometric adjustment, bone deficits persisted in CIC but were no longer noted in ALGS. In ALGS, height-adjusted and weight-adjusted subtotal BMD and BMC Z scores were negatively correlated with TB (P < 0.001) and SBA (P = 0.02). Mean height-adjusted and weight-adjusted subtotal BMC Z scores were lower in ALGS participants with a history of bone fractures. DXA measures did not correlate significantly with biliary diversion status. Conclusion: CIC patients had significant bone deficits that persisted after adjustment for height and weight and generally did not correlate with degree of cholestasis. In ALGS, low BMD and BMC reference Z scores were explained by poor growth. Anthropometrically adjusted DXA measures in ALGS correlate with markers of cholestasis and bone fracture history. Reduced bone density in this population is multifactorial and related to growth, degree of cholestasis, fracture vulnerability, and contribution of underlying genetic etiology.
Phenothiazine-binding and attachment sites of CAPP1-calmodulin (1989)

In the presence of Ca2+ norchlorpromazine isothiocyanate forms a monocovalent complex with calmodulin: CAPP1-calmodulin (Newton et al, 1983). Trypsin digestion of [3H]CAPP1-calmodulin yields as the major radioactive peptide N epsilon-CAPP-Lys-Met-Lys, corresponding to residues 75-77 of calmodulin. Stoichiometric amounts of all other expected tryptic peptides are also found, indicating that norchlorpromazine isothiocyanate selectively acylates Lys 75. A second molecule of CAPP-NCS can react, albeit slowly, with calmodulin to form CAPP2-calmodulin. Fragments 38-74 and 127-148 are completely missing from the trypsin digests of CAPP2-calmodulin without deliberate exposure to UV irradiation. Possibly the lengthy preparation of CAPP2-calmodulin favors photolysis, caused by room lights, of the putative CAPP-binding domains located in these two peptides. Lys 148, the sole lysyl residue in fragment 127-148, is a probable site of attachment of the second molecule of CAPP. UV irradiation of CAPP1-calmodulin, followed by digestion with trypsin, results in the selective loss of 50% each of peptides containing residues 38-74 and 127-148, suggesting that these peptides contain the hydrophobic amino acids that form the phenothiazine-binding sites. The loss of peptides encompassing residues 38-74 and 127-148, located in the amino and carboxyl halves of calmodulin, respectively, suggests that the hydrophobic rings of CAPP can bind at either one of the two phenothiazine sites. Computer modeling of CAPP1-calmodulin with the X-ray coordinates of calmodulin (Babu et al., 1986) indicates that CAPP attached to Lys 75 cannot interact with the carboxyl-terminal phenothiazine-binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anatomic Graft Fixation Using a Retrograde Biointerference Screw for Endoscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Single-Bundle and 2-Bundle Techniques (2005)

Summary: This article describes a simple technique for anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial graft fixation at the level of the intercondylar floor within a standard endoscopic tibial tunnel. Fixation is achieved with a retrograde positioned, cannulated biointerference screw delivered over a No. 2 permanent suture from a standard anteromedial portal. Routine interference screw fixation on the femur is carried out. For the tibia, the screw is inserted into the tibial tunnel in an inside–out position so that the head of the screw is flush with the intraarticular orifice of the tibial tunnel. Recent experimental, animal, and clinical studies have reported that the advantages of this type of anatomic graft fixation over nonanatomic tibial graft fixation include increased fixation strength, a more stable reconstruction through full knee range of motion, absence of postoperative tunnel expansion, and final biologic graft incorporation at or near the native ACL tibial insertion. Also evolving from this concept is a simplified technique for a 2-bundle ACL reconstruction using single-socket tunnel preparation on the femoral and tibial sides, specific notch preparation on the femoral side to accommodate separate anteromedial and posterolateral bundles, allowing a single-stranded soft tissue graft to be secured with concentric placement of a single femoral interference screw on the femoral surface followed by securing the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles anatomically on the tibia surface using the retrograde interference screw.