gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity enhancement of fiber-laser-based stimulated Raman scattering microscopy by collinear balanced detection technique (2012)

We propose the collinear balanced detection (CBD) technique for noise suppression in fiber laser (FL)-based stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. This technique reduces the effect of laser intensity noise at a specific frequency by means of pulse splitting and recombination with a time delay difference. We experimentally confirm that CBD can suppress the intensity noise of second harmonic (SH) of Er-FL pulses by 13 dB.The measured noise level including the thermal noise is higher by only ~1.4 dB than the shot noise limit. To demonstrate SRS imaging, we use 4-ps SH pulses and 3-ps Yb-FL pulses, which are synchronized subharmonically with a jitter of 227 fs. The effectiveness of the CBD technique is confirmed through SRS imaging of a cultured HeLa cell.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a bus and coach seat during rear end impact by means of sled tests (2003)

Abstract Based on data from statistical accident analysis, buses and coaches are still one of the safest means of transportation. Nevertheless numerous occupants get injured or suffer fatal injuries due to accidents. Although a high proportion of seriously injured casualties happen in accidents where the bus overturns or leaves the road, a large number of injuries are caused due to a normal collision, like a head-on or rear end impact. ECE regulation 80, referring to the strength of seats and their anchorages, was the initial starting point for this investigation. This regulation is limited to seat testing for frontal collisions, while this study deals with the results of testing in the opposite direction. Numerous coaches, especially double decker coaches, also have rearward facing seats and have consequently a different kind of loading to the seat structure. Summarizing, the results of the sled tests show a potential for further improvements in the energy absorption and design of the coach seat structure, to minimise the injury risk in such an accident configuration.
Quasi‐isothermal DSC testing of epoxy adhesives using initial fast heating rates (2017)

ABSTRACT Three major factors decrease the accuracy of the cure measurement in standard‐isothermal testing using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). First, cure occurs during the heating step. Second, data are lost during the stabilization period between the dynamic and isothermal step. Third, the baseline selection requires a modification to the protocol. An alternative, which is explored in this study, is the use of fast ramps, which decrease the heating time, but this has been avoided due to overshoot that occurs between the dynamic and isothermal step, which is troublesome for systems with autocatalytic kinetics. By mitigating these factors, a quasi‐isothermal protocol was developed. Therefore, more complete cure kinetics were captured with the implementation of fast DSC to decrease the ramp time and through the optimization of furnace parameters to decrease stabilization time and temperature overshoot. The data suggested this quasi‐isothermal analysis more accurately measured the isothermal curing kinetics of a commercial epoxy adhesive at 110, 115, and 120 °C for fast ramps of 175, 350, and 500 K/min compared to the traditional ramp of 5 K/min. The enthalpy spike at the dynamic to isothermal transition remains an issue; however, an empirical shift can be used to compensate for the enthalpy signal lag. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45425.
Local and Sustained Gene Delivery in Silica-Collagen Nanocomposites (2015)

Local delivery of biomolecules from hydrogels is highly challenging because of their rapid diffusion and degradation. Gene therapy represents an alternative that allows for the prolonged production of proteins by transfected cells. In this study, we have developed nanocomposites consisting of DNA-polyethylenimine-silica nanoparticle complexes coencapsulated with fibroblasts within collagen hydrogels. Through the modulation of the particle size and polyethylenimine molecular weight, it was possible to achieve "in-gel" transfection permitting the sustained production of biomolecules from hydrogels over 1 week. Alternative configurations consisting of particle addition to cellularized gels and cell culture in the presence of complex-containing hydrogels were also investigated. These studies demonstrated that particle encapsulation limits DNA and silica dissemination outside the collagen hydrogels. They also show the key role of cell proliferation within collagen hydrogels on the transfection efficiency. Such nanocomposites therefore constitute promising materials for the development of novel gene delivery systems to promote tissue repair.
In Situ Grown TiO2 Nanospindles Facilitate the Formation of Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide by Photodegradation (2016)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures and TiO2/graphene nanocomposites are intensively studied materials for energy conversion, energy storage, and organic contaminant photodegradation. However, for TiO2/graphene composites, impermeability across the graphitic basal plane for electrolytes, metal ions, and gas molecules hinders their practical applications. Herein we report a simple, environmentally friendly synthetic route for mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanospindles, and successfully apply this method to obtain in situ grown TiO2 nanospindles/graphene oxide composite. After a thermal reduction at 400 °C, holes are created in the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets through a photocatalytic oxidation mechanism. The formation of holes in RGO is promoted by photogenerated hydroxyl radicals that oxidize and subsequently decarboxylate the graphitic surface of RGO. The proposed mechanism was supported by photocatalytic electrochemical properties of the nanomaterials. The resulting TiO2/holey RGO composites may overcome the original impermeability of graphene sheets and find applications in catalysis, energy conversion/storage devices, and sensors.
Advances in PET/MR instrumentation and image reconstruction (2016)

The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI has attracted the attention of researchers in the past approximately 20 years in small-animal imaging and more recently in clinical research. The combination of PET/MRI allows researchers to explore clinical and research questions in a wide number of fields, some of which are briefly mentioned here. An important number of groups have developed different concepts to tackle the problems that PET instrumentation poses to the exposition of electromagnetic fields. We have described most of these research developments in preclinical and clinical experiments, including the few commercial scanners available. From the software perspective, an important number of algorithms have been developed to address the attenuation correction issue and to exploit the possibility that MRI provides for motion correction and quantitative image reconstruction, especially parametric modelling of radiopharmaceutical kinetics. In this work, we give an overview of some exemplar applications of simultaneous PET/MRI, together with technological hardware and software developments.
Estudio prospectivo aleatorio controlado de un programa de tamizaje de infecciones para reducir la tasa de partos prematuros (2005)

"Objetivo: Evaluar si un programa de tamizaje durante el embarazo reduce la tasa de partos prematuros en una población general de gestantes.Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado.Lugar: Clínicas prenatales no establecidas en hospitales.Material y métodos: Se realizó una coloración de Grama 4.429 gestantes durante sus consultas preparto de rutina, en el segundo trimestre del embarazo, con el objetivo de detectar infecciones vaginales asintomáticas. En el grupo de estudio, los obstetras recibieron los resultados de las pruebas y se les brindó a las pacientes el tratamiento y el seguimiento habitual para la infección detectada. En el grupo de control, no se revelaron los resultados de los frotis vaginales a los profesionales.Principales variables de resultados: La principal variable de los resultados fue el parto prematuro antes de las 37semanas. Las variables secundarias fueron el parto prematuro antes de las 37 semanas en combinación con diferentes categorías de peso al nacer iguales o menores a 2.500 g, y la tasa de muertes fetales (abortos tardíos).Resultados: Se obtuvieron datos sobre los resultados correspondientes a 2.058 mujeres del grupo de intervención y a 2.097 mujeres del grupo de control. En el grupo de estudio, el número de partos prematuros fue significativamente inferior al grupo de control (3% vs. 5,3%; intervalo de confianza al 95% de la diferencia 1,2 - 3,6, p=0,0001). La cantidad de partos prematuros también fue significativamente menor en las categorías de peso inferiores antes de las 37 semanas y &amp;#8804; 2.500 g. En el grupo de estudio se registraron 8 abortos tardíos y en el grupo de control 15.Conclusión: La integración de un programa simple de tamizaje de infecciones en los cuidados prenatales de rutina se asocia con una disminución significativa de la cantidad de partos prematuros y reduce la proporción de abortos tardíos en una población general de gestantes."
Human ISL1+ Ventricular Progenitors Self-Assemble into an In Vivo Functional Heart Patch and Preserve Cardiac Function Post Infarction (2020)

(Mol Ther. 26, 1644–1659; July 5, 2018) In the originally published version of this article, the authors overlooked including a funding source in the Acknowledgements section. This work was also supported by a grant to K.R.C from the European Research Council Advanced Research Grant Award (AdG743225) The authors regret this error. Human ISL1+ Ventricular Progenitors Self-Assemble into an In Vivo Functional Heart Patch and Preserve Cardiac Function Post InfarctionFoo et al.Molecular TherapyFebruary 17, 2018In BriefThe authors identified a human ventricular progenitor (HVP) population that can expand, differentiate, self-assemble, and mature into a 3D functional ventricular patch in vivo. They demonstrate that transplantation of HVPs under the kidney capsule generated a 7 mm × 3 mm × 4 mm myocardial patch while transplantation following myocardial infarction can largely preserve myocardial contractile function. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Neutron radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced major salivary gland tumors (1999)

Background Malignant salivary gland tumors are rare tumors of the head and neck region. The treatment of these tumors has generally consisted of surgical extirpation, with postoperative radiotherapy improving locoregional control and survival in patients with high risk tumors. Neutron radiotherapy has been found to be more efficacious than conventional radiotherapy in the setting of inoperable or subtotally resected salivary gland tumors. Methods One hundred forty-eight patients with malignant salivary tumors of major salivary gland origin were treated at the University of Washington Medical Center with fast neutron radiotherapy between the years 1984 and 1995. One hundred twenty-eight patients were treated with curative intent, and of these, 120 patients had evidence of gross residual disease at the time of treatment. These patients constitute the main analysis of this paper. Of these patients, 19% had recurrent disease, 39% were initially seen with positive lymph nodes, and 11% had previously received full dose conventional radiotherapy. At the time of analysis, the median period at risk of survivors was 26 months. Results The 5-year actuarial locoregional control rate for all patients with gross tumor treated with curative intent was 59%. A tumor size ≤4 cm was associated with an excellent locoregional control rate (80%), and cause-specific survival (73%) at 5 years compared with patients with larger tumors (35% and 22%, respectively, p < .001 in both cases). On univariate analysis, there appeared to be an advantage in locoregional control for patients with smaller sized tumors (≤4 cm) who underwent an attempted surgical extirpation. Locoregional control was excellent (100%) in patients having a complete surgical resection of their tumors and undergoing postoperative neutron radiotherapy because of the presence of other high risk factors. Lymph node status at the time of treatment, base of skull involvement, and male sex were associated with the development of distant metastasis, with 52% of node positive patients developing distant metastases by 5 years, compared with 32% of node negative patients (p = .04). Conclusions Neutron radiotherapy is an effective form of treatment for patients with high risk, locally advanced tumors of major salivary gland origin. An initial surgical resection appears beneficial in patients for whom such an approach is feasible. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 255–263, 1999.
Basic Research and Applications of Mycorrhizae (2006)

Endomycorrhizal Diversity * Occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in the Rhizosphere of Himalayan Yew (Taxus baccata L.subsp. Wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilger)-A Case Study * Mycorrhizal Association and Soil Microflora in Sustainable Utilization of Micropropagated Plants in Vegetable Crops of Hill and Mountainous Region * Mechanism in the Symbiotic Association between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae * Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis * Interaction of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and AM Fungi: Present Status and Future Prospects * Phosphorus Metabolism and Regulation by Symbiotic Fungi * Using Fatty Acids to Quantify Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi * Phosphorus and Mycorrhizae of Seedlings from Low-phytate Maize Seed * Genets of Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycota * Global Gene Expression Analysis in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: A Means to Study Nutritional and Environmental Effect on Symbiosis * Breeding Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes: Some Protocols and Strategies * Specialization in Cheaters of the Mycorrhizal Mutualism * Iron Chelating Microbial Plant Protectants in Banana Rhizosphere * Piriformospora indica: Fungus of the Millennium * Biodynamics of Below- Ground Animal Resources and Interaction * Biohardening of Tissue Culture-Raised Grape (Vitis vinefera L.) ev. Pusa Navrang Plantlets Using AM Fungi for Their Enhanced in vitro Survival Biological Hardening of Micropropagated Plants of Horticultural Importance * Interaction of Medicinal Plants with PGPRs and Symbiotic Fungi * Cultivation of Symbiotic Fungi * Protocol to Understand the Interaction between Rhizobacteria and Symbiotic Fungus: Piriformospora indica of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria * Methods for Microbial Iron Chelator (Siderophore) Analysis
Gel-Based Activated Carbon Electrode For Supercapacitors (2013)

Gel-based activated carbon electrodes were prepared from a mixture of colloidal silica and activated carbon powder in an aqueous LiNO 3 3M electrolyte. These gel-based electrodes were extruded onto graphite current collector. Flexible Electrochemical double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), also called supercapacitors, were assembled from these electrodes, a cellulose separator and encapsulated by PET films. EDLCs prototypes of 4 cm 2 exhibit a capacitance of 0.32 F, a specific capacitance of 94 F.g -1 , an energy density of 5.2 Wh.kg -1 and a charge density of 8.7 Ah.kg -1 .
Structural Design of Vascular Stents: A Review (2021)

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is currently the most conventional and effective method for clinically treating cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Stent implantation, as one of the ways of PCI in the treatment of coronary artery diseases, has become a hot spot in scientific research with more and more patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular stent implanted into vessels of patients often causes complications such as In-Stent Restenosis (ISR). The vascular stent is one of the sophisticated medical devices, a reasonable structure of stent can effectively reduce the complications. In this paper, we introduce the evolution, performance evaluation standards, delivery and deployment, and manufacturing methods of vascular stents. Based on a large number of literature pieces, this paper focuses on designing structures of vascular stents in terms of "bridge (or link)" type, representative volume unit (RVE)/representative unit cell (RUC), and patient-specific stent. Finally, this paper gives an outlook on the future development of designing vascular stents.
Design of a Specific Oxidant for Phenols (1978)

Selective ortho-substitution of phenols can be secured, in principle, by attachment of the substituting reagent to the phenolic hydroxy group and subsequent rearrangement of this derivative by a cyclic mechanism into the orthoposition. So far, only one example of this principle (the Claisen rearrangement) is well established. For ortho-hydroxylation, a phenolic ester of selenium(IV) should have the desired properties. Diphenylseleninic anhydride, PhSE(=0)0.Sec(=0)Ph, has proved has proved to be the new reagent for the application of this mechanism. Several phenols, including models of the phenolic ring A of tetracycline, gave o-hydroxydienones, with quinones and phenylselenated species as by-products, when treated with diphenylseleninic anhydride. When the phenols were converted into their corresponding anions before treatment with the anhydridide, the o-hydroxydienones were obtained in good yield free from other products arising from reaction at the para position. When phenols were added to a warm solution of diphenylseleninic anhydride, they were oxidized to the o-quinones even when the phenols were not substituted in para position.
Steerable patterned OLED backlight for autostereoscopic display application (2015)

OLED can be applied as highly efficient and high-resolution patternable illumination source for controllable and steerable backlights, e.g., for use in autostereoscopic displays. To evaluate technology and approach a 3.5” 3D QVGA display prototype has been developed and combines several achievements: large-area OLED backlight, highly-efficient and fast-response OLED top-emitter, striped patterned backlight, individual electronic driving for adaptive backlight control and 3D mobile display application.
Internet: a computer support tool for building the human genome (2002)

The Internet's ability to link the international community's research and information services provides the Human Genome Project (HGP) with an inexhaustible information tool. The HGP sequences the adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymirne A, G, C, T character strings of the DNA of modern man and stores the data in international genomic databases. Remote operation of multiprocessor programs such as RETRIEVE and BLAST provides the latest genetic characteristics of any disease or matches a DNA character string with a yet to be discovered gene or protein. A typical application, finding the Alzheimer's Disease related genetic allele; determining the hybridizing probe for test; mapping the flanking markers on chromosome 19, demonstrates the power of Internet. The Protein Data Bank imaging programs like KINEMAGE and files containing protein atomic coordinates are available over the Internet. Within minutes the executable program and the protein file can be downloaded and imaged on a home PC. Laboratory automatic DNA sequencers are described in addition to commercial awards for new DNA Diagnostics Tools; a fledgling industry freshly seeded. The informational distribution services of the Internet connected to the voluminous databases of the HGP is a successful application of communications at the start of the Gene Age.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Changes in immunological characteristics of white blood cells after administration of standardized mistletoe extract. (2002)

After administering standardized mistletoe extract, Viscum album L, (Iscador injections of 0.1 mg twice and 1.0 mg in defined intervals) the functional characteristics of microcirculation and immunological behavior of the white blood cells in different target tissues (derma, intestine) were investigated in healthy volunteers by vital microscopic investigation over 13 days of observation. The investigations showed a temporarily improved function of the microcirculation and an increased adhesion and transmigration of white blood cells in the target tissue areas. This observation was evaluated as a biologically relevant immunomodulation. Further investigations under pathophysiological conditions with regard to complementary administration of the test substance (e.g. to cancer patients) appear promising.
Collection efficiency and charge transfer optimization for a 4-T pixel with multi n-type implants (2011)

In order to increase collection efficiency and eliminate image lag, multi n-type implants were introduced into the process of a pinned-photodiode. For the purpose of improving the collection efficiency, multi n-type implants with different implant energies were proposed, which expanded the vertical collection region. To reduce the image lag, a horizontal gradient doping concentration eliminating the potential barrier was also formed by multi n-type implants. The simulation result shows that the collection efficiency can be improved by about 10% in the long wavelength range and the density of the residual charge is reduced from 2.59 × 109 to 2.62 × 107cm−3.
Activity of nanosized titania synthesized from thermal decomposition of titanium (IV) n-butoxide for the photocatalytic degradation of diuron (2005)

Nanoparticles of anatase titania were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of titanium (IV) n-butoxide in 1,4-butanediol. The powder obtained was characterized by various characterization techniques, such as XRD, BET, SEM and TEM, to confirm that it was a collection of single crystal anatase with particle size smaller than 15 nm. The synthesized titania was employed as catalyst for the photodegradation of diuron, a herbicide belonging to the phenylurea family, which has been considered as a biologically active pollutant in soil and water. Although diuron is chemically stable, degradation of diuron by photocatalyzed oxidation was found possible. The conversions achieved by titania prepared were in the range of 70–80% within 6 h of reaction, using standard UV lamps, while over 99% conversion was achieved under solar irradiation. The photocatalytic activity was compared with that of the Japanese Reference Catalyst (JRC–TIO–1) titania from the Catalysis Society of Japan. The synthesized titania exhibited higher rate and efficiency in diuron degradation than reference catalyst. The results from the investigations by controlling various reaction parameters, such as oxygen dissolved in the solution, diuron concentration, as well as light source, suggested that the enhanced photocatalytic activity was the result from higher crystallinity of the synthesized titania.
Ultra-Rapid Determination of Material Removal Rates Based Solely on Tribological Data in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (2019)

Single-run Stribeck+ curves are constructed using real-time, high-frequency, shear force and normal force data from the wafer-slurry-pad interface during copper and cobalt (on ILD wafers) CMP in conjunction with multiple slurries, pads and conditioning discs at various pressures and relative velocities. To avoid having to perform actual polishing experiments to obtain blanket film removal rates, "big data" sets from the same Stribeck+ curves are used to construct new "Kinetic" curves to help infer relative blanket wafer removal rates. The "Kinetic" curves, which are based on the assumption that material removal is Prestonian, are eventually validated with actual removal rate studies involving different wafer types processed at various pressures-velocity combinations with the same pads, conditioning discs and slurries. A strong correlation is seen between the actual and "inferred" removal rates which renders credibility to our new ultra-rapid and ultra-low-budget approach for determining removal rates that does not require any wafer polishing nor any film thickness metrology.