gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computerized Management of Structure-Activity Data. III. Computerized Decoding and Manipulation of Ring Structures Coded in WLN (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputerized Management of Structure-Activity Data. III. Computerized Decoding and Manipulation of Ring Structures Coded in WLNDavid Elkins, A. Leo, and Corwin HanschCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1974, 14, 2, 65–69Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160053a004https://doi.org/10.1021/c160053a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Atomic force microscopy study of local polarization direction in ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) organic films (2021)

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Vehicle Detection and Classification Using Passive Infrared Sensing (2015)

We propose a new sensing device that can simultaneously monitor urban traffic congestion and another phenomenon of interest (flash floods on the present case). This sensing device is based on the combination of an ultrasonic rangefinder with one or multiple remote temperature sensors. We show an implementation of this device, and illustrate its performance in both traffic flow sensing. Field data shows that the sensor can detect vehicles with a 99% accuracy, in addition to estimating their speed and classifying them in function of their length. The same sensor can also monitor urban water levels with an accuracy of less than 2 cm.
Elucidation of the chemical nature of the steady-state intermediates in the mechanism of carboxypeptidase A (1986)

Cryospectrokinetic studies of zinc and cobalt carboxypeptidase A disclosed two intermediates in the hydrolysis of both peptides and depsipeptides and furnished all the rate and equilibrium constants for the reaction scheme E + S in equilibrium ES1 in equilibrium ES2---E + P [Auld, D. S., Galdes, A., Geoghegan, K. F., Holmquist, B., Martinelli, R. A., & Vallee, B. L. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 5041-5045]. Since the ES2 intermediate is the predominate enzyme species present at steady state, its chemical nature is deducible from subzero chemical quench studies done after steady state is established. Extrapolation of the product concentration to zero time, [P0], measures the concentration of the enzyme species in which bond cleavage has occurred. For peptides, the [P0]values are zero, indicating that no product is generated prior to turnover and therefore the ES2 intermediate involves a complex between enzyme and intact peptide substrate. For depsipeptides, [P0] values are 1 mol of produce per mole of enzyme over the entire temperature range -20 to -50 degrees C, indicating cleavage of the ester bond occurs prior to the rate-limiting step so that ES2 is more properly denoted by EP1P2, where P1 and P2 are the substrates for the reverse reaction. The rate-limiting step for depsipeptides thus involves release of the products which may occur directly or through a mandatory conformational change followed by rapid product release.
Anti-Tumor Effect of Adipose Tissue Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Interferon-β and Treatment with Cisplatin in a Xenograft Mouse Model for Canine Melanoma (2013)

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are attractive cell-therapy vehicles for the delivery of anti-tumor molecules into the tumor microenvironment. The innate tropism of AT-MSCs for tumors has important implications for effective cellular delivery of anti-tumor molecules, including cytokines, interferon, and pro-drugs. The present study was designed to determine the possibility that the combination of stem cell-based gene therapy with low-dose cisplatin would improve therapeutic efficacy against canine melanoma. The IFN-β transduced canine AT-MSCs (cAT-MSC-IFN-β) inhibited the growth of LMeC canine melanoma cells in direct and indirect in vitro co-culture systems. In animal experiments using BALB/c nude mouse xenografts, which developed by injecting LMeC cells, the combination treatment of cAT-MSC-IFN-β and low-dose cisplatin significantly reduced tumor volume compared with the other treatment groups. Fluorescent microscopic analysis with a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling) assay of tumor section provided evidence for homing of cAT-MSC-IFN-β to the tumor site and revealed that the combination treatment of cAT-MSC-IFN-β with low-dose cisplatin induced high levels of cell apoptosis. These findings may prove useful in further explorations of the application of these combined approaches to the treatment of malignant melanoma and other tumors.
Anti‐hepatocyte growth factor antibody inhibits hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration (1998)

In vitro studies have shown hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to be a potent mitogen for hepatocytes. Direct evidence of a mitogenic role in vivo was sought by inhibiting HGF activity, using continuous administration of neutralizing antibody to rats which had a stimulus for liver regeneration. Alzet osmotic mini-pumps, administering a constant supply of anti-HGF monoclonal antibody (clone D9), were inserted intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats; an irrelevant isotypical antibody was administered to controls. Forty-five animals received an intragastric bolus of 40 per cent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and groups of three test and control animals were killed at 24 h intervals for 7 days. Treatment with anti-HGF monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the levels of immunodetectable HGF in the sera of rats following CCl4 administration. In comparison with controls, hepatocyte proliferation as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine labelling in anti-HGF-treated animals was significantly inhibited at 24 h (P<0·001), 48 h (P<0·001), and 96 h (P<0·05) post-CCl4 administration. In contrast, sinusoidal cell proliferation was not significantly different from controls at any time point. Inhibition of the parenchymal proliferative response to acute CCl4-induced liver injury by the in vivo neutralization of HGF provides direct evidence that this growth factor plays an important role in liver regeneration following necrosis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bench-Scale Investigation of Remote Detection of Clay Pockets in Granular Soils (2020)

The detection of deleterious materials in compacted soil fills is an important part of earthwork construction. These materials are often identified a priori using laboratory techniques such as the visual assessment of sieve analyses. However, it is possible that deleterious materials, such as clay pockets, can be larger than particles characterized in laboratory tests. Bench scale imaging using simulated unmanned aerial vehicle flights were conducted to determine if clay pockets, 15.24 cm by 15.24 cm by 5 cm thick, could be detected in granular soils. The imaging techniques employed were digital imaging, thermal imaging, and electromagnetic imaging. All imaging techniques could be used to identify clay pockets at the surface, but only electromagnetic imaging could detect clay pockets beneath the surface. The clay pockets were easily identifiable at depths of 2.5 cm and 15.2 cm in fine sand. When buried in pea gravel, the clay pockets were identifiable only at a depth of 2.5 cm. The clay pockets could not be identified when buried in gravel sized particles.
Dual window selective median switching filter (2017)

A simple and efficient nonlinear image filtering technique, called the dual window selective median switching (DWSMS) filter, for the removal of both additive and impulse noise from corrupted images, is proposed. Two moving concentric windows are employed to determine the luminance value for replacing that of the center pixel. Three steps are involved in this filtering technique. First, the usual median filtering is applied to the smaller window. Second, the median filtering is applied to the larger window. Third, the two median filtered values are then compared to the original center pixel, and the median-filtered value closer to the center pixel is chosen to be the pixel's filtering output. Tests to the standard image corrupted with different amounts of additive and impulse noise show that the proposed algorithm consistently provides improved performance to the original median filtering of both window sizes.
What Can We Learn from Augmented Reality (AR)? (2019)

Emerging technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), have the potential to radically transform education by making challenging concepts visible and accessible to novices. In this project, we have designed a Hololens-based system in which collaborators are exposed to an unstructured learning activity in which they learned about the invisible physics involved in audio speakers. They learned topics ranging from spatial knowledge, such as shape of magnetic fields, to abstract conceptual knowledge, such as relationships between electricity and magnetism. We compared participants' learning, attitudes and collaboration with a tangible interface through multiple experimental conditions containing varying layers of AR information. We found that educational AR representations were beneficial for learning specific knowledge and increasing participants' self-efficacy (i.e., their ability to learn concepts in physics). However, we also found that participants in conditions that did not contain AR educational content, learned some concepts better than other groups and became more curious about physics. We discuss learning and collaboration differences, as well as benefits and detriments of implementing augmented reality for unstructured learning activities.
The Drop-Jump Video Screening Test: Retention of Improvement in Neuromuscular Control in Female Volleyball Players (2010)

A valgus lower limb alignment is commonly documented during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. We previously developed a videographic drop-jump test to measure overall lower limb alignment in the coronal plane as a screening tool to detect such an abnormal (valgus) position on landing. A neuromuscular retraining program developed for female athletes was shown to be effective in improving lower limb alignment on this test immediately after completion of training. What remained unknown was whether these improvements would be retained for longer periods of time. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine if these improvements in overall lower limb alignment would be retained up to 1 year after the training. Sixteen competitive, experienced female high-school volleyball players underwent the video drop-jump test and then completed the neuromuscular retraining program. The program consisted of a dynamic warm-up, jump training, speed and agility drills, strength training, and static stretching and was performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The athletes repeated the drop-jump test immediately upon completion of training and then 3- and 12-months later. Significant improvements were found in the mean normalized knee separation distance between the pre and posttrained values for all test sessions (p < 0.01). Immediately after training, 11 athletes (69%) displayed significant improvements in the mean normalized knee separation distance that were retained 12 months later. Five athletes failed to improve. The video drop-jump test, although not a risk indicator for a knee ligament injury, provides a cost-effective general assessment of lower limb position and depicts athletes who have poor control on landing and acceleration into a vertical jump.
Energy-cost-aware scheduling of HPC workloads (2011)

Job submission in high performance computing workloads exhibits a diurnal pattern similar to electrical prices. While high-priority jobs may need immediate access to resources, by altering the cluster scheduler to delay the execution of lower-priority jobs when power prices are high, significant cost savings can be achieved. Reduction of power demands by consumers such as data centres when energy availability is low, as signaled by high prices, can also help to simplify challenges faced in reducing the carbon footprint of the electrical grid. In this paper we discuss patterns in electrical pricing and also look at some challenges in integrating more volatile, but environmentally friendly renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Simulation results are also presented showing that high-priority jobs can still receive rapid service while achieving 25-50% electricity cost savings for lower priority jobs.
A Design and Control Environment for Internet-Based Telerobotics (1998)

This paper describes an environment for the design, simulation, and control of Internet-based force-reflecting telerobotic systems. We define these systems as using a segment of the computer network to connect the master to the slave. Computer networks introduce a time delay that is best described by a time-varying random process. Thus, known techniques for controlling time-delay telerobots are not directly applicable, and an environment for iterative designing and testing is necessary. The underlying software architecture sup ports tools for modeling the delay of the computer network, design ing a stable controller, simulating the performance of a telerobotic system, and testing the control algorithms using a force-reflecting input device. Furthermore, this setup provides data about including the Internet into more general telerobotic control architectures. To demonstrate the features of this environment, the complete proce dure for the design of a telerobotic controller is discussed. First, the delay parameters of an Internet segment are identified by prob ing the network. Then, these parameters are used in the design of a controller that includes a quasi-optimal estimator to compensate small data losses. Finally, simulations of the complete telerobotic system and emulations using a planar force-reflecting master and a virtual slave exemplify a typical design-and-test sequence.
Antiproliferative Activity of the Human IFN- α -Inducible Protein IFI44 (2007)

The interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-inducible protein IFI44 is associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and its function is unknown. We show here in two human melanoma cell lines (ME15 and D10) that transcription starts 4 h after induction, and peak protein levels are reached 24 h after stimulation. We show by immunofluorescence, viral overexpression, and cellular fractionation that IFI44 is a cytoplasmic protein. Overexpression of IFI44 cDNA induces an antiproliferative state in vitro, even in cells that are not responsive to IFN-alpha. IFI44 contains a perfect GTP binding site but has no homology to known GTPases or G proteins. Based on these results, we propose a model in which IFI44 binds intracellular GTP, and this depletion abolishes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and results finally in cell cycle arrest.
Molecular Imaging Studies of Second Messenger Pathways: Looking Deeper than the Membrane (2012)

The most successful applications of molecular imaging by PET include studies of energy metabolism, dopamine synthesis, transporters, and membrane-bound receptors. The metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors mediate their intracellular effects via second messenger systems, but methods for imaging these pathways are poorly developed. Agonist-evoked activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has effects on the activity of adenylate cyclase, an enzyme which can be detected by autoradiography in vitro with [3H]-forskolin. However, the very few efforts to detect adenylate cyclase in living brain have been unsuccessful. Whereas activation of adenylate cyclase increases intracellular levels of cyclic AMP, phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4) attenuates signaling by this pathway. In a number of preclinical imaging studies, PDE4 has been detected with [11C]-rolipram. There have been no clinical PET studies with this ligand, despite theoretical grounds for predicting PDE4 changes in mood disorders and neurodegenerative disease. Phosphodiesterase V, the target of Sidafenil, has been detected in pig myocardium using [11C]-RAL-01. Some GPCRs mediate their intracellular effects through phospholipases, which increase intracellular levels of arachidonic acid. The influx to brain of [11C]-arachidonic acid thus reveals the net turnover of membrane phospholipids, which decreased with healthy aging but increased in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a relationship with inflammatory processes. Activated protein kinase C can be labeled in vitro with phorbol esters, and [11C]-diacylglycerol has been tested in PET studies. Although glycogen levels are low in brain, the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3β is highly abundant, presenting a target for tracer development, and likewise fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for metabolizing anandamide. Charting the second messenger systems in living brain presents a molecular imaging project for the coming decades.
Applications of imaging techniques to Si, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, and CdTe and correlation to solar cell parameters (2010)

Characterization by imaging has been performed on various sets of Si, Cu(In, Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS), and CdTe solar cell samples. The imaging techniques include photoluminescence (PL) imaging, electroluminescence (EL) imaging, reverse-bias EL imaging (ReBEL), illuminated lock-in thermography (ILIT), and forward- and reverse-bias dark lock-in thermography (DLIT). PL imaging of Si has shown that the image intensity correlates to minority-carrier lifetime. PL imaging of CIGS shows brightness variations after the deposition of the CIGS that persist through the CdS deposition and subsequent processing steps to finish the devices. The PL and EL intensities on both Si and CIGS finished cells correlate to efficiency and open-circuit voltage. Also, for all materials, PL and EL imaging show dark areas due to carrier recombination induced by defects. These same areas often appear in ILIT, DLIT, and ReBEL as heated areas or breakdown sites where currents flow through weak diodes, shunts, and defects. For Si cells, we have correlated the cells' fill factors to the amount of shunting detected by DLIT. For CIGS cells, we have identified these detrimental weak diodes and shunts by imaging and show an example of a defect analyzed in more detail by scanning electron microscopy techniques using top view and cross-sectional imaging.
Formoterol and salbutamol inhibit bradykinin‐ and histamine‐induced airway microvascular leakage in guinea‐pig (1992)

1. The effects of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol and formoterol, on the increase of microvascular permeability induced by histamine or bradykinin in guinea-pig airways have been studied in vivo. Extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue dye was used as an index of permeability. The effects of salbutamol and formoterol on the increase in pulmonary airway resistance induced by histamine or bradykinin have also been studied. 2. The increase in pulmonary airway resistance induced by histamine or bradykinin was totally inhibited by salbutamol and formoterol. The ED50 of the two mediators were 0.59 +/- 0.21 (n = 5) and 0.20 +/- 0.14 (n = 5) micrograms kg-1 respectively for salbutamol, and 0.13 +/- 0.12 (n = 6) and 0.02 +/- 0.01 (n = 6) micrograms kg-1 respectively for formoterol. 3. Salbutamol (10 and 30 micrograms kg-1) and formoterol (1 and 10 micrograms kg-1) inhibited the increase of microvascular permeability induced by histamine (30 micrograms kg-1) in the guinea-pig airways. The inhibitory effect was predominant in the trachea and the main bronchi, with a maximum inhibition of 20 to 50%. The two drugs had little or no inhibitory effect on the other structures studied, viz. nasal mucosa, larynx, proximal and distal intrapulmonary airways. 4. Salbutamol and formoterol (1 and 10 micrograms kg-1) abolished the increase in microvascular permeability induced by bradykinin (0.3 micrograms kg-1). This inhibitory effect of two beta-adrenoceptor stimulants was predominant in the trachea and the nasal mucosa where it was observed with 1 microgram kg-1 of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists.In the main bronchi, and in the proximal and distal intrapulmonary airways, the effects of bradykinin were abolished by 10 pg kg- of formoterol and salbutamol.5. The effects of bradykinin, but not those of histamine, were significantly reduced (nasal mucosa, main bronchi and distal intrapulmonary airways) or abolished (trachea, proximal intrapulmonary airways) by morphine 10mgkg-1, i.v. These results suggest that an indirect effect, through non-adrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves is involved in the action of bradykinin on the microvascular permeability.6. In conclusion, intravenously injected beta-adrenoceptor stimulants can inhibit, partially or totally, the increase of airways microvascular permeability induced by intravenous histamine or bradykinin. However, these effects require doses that are higher than those that inhibit the increase in pulmonary airway resistance induced by these mediators. As suggested by the results obtained with morphine, the higher efficacy of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists versus bradykinin may occur through activation of presynaptic receptors of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves preventing release of inflammatory neuropeptides such as substance P and neurokinin A.
Estimating the probability for major gene Alzheimer disease. (1994)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is neuropsychiatric illness caused by multiple etiologies. Prediction of whether AD is genetically based in a given family is problematic because of censoring bias among unaffected relatives as a consequence of the late onset of the disorder, diagnostic uncertainties, heterogeneity, and limited information in a single family. We have developed a method based on Bayesian probability to compute values for a continuous variable that ranks AD families as having a major gene form of AD (MGAD). In addition, we have compared the Bayesian method with a maximum-likelihood approach. These methods incorporate sex- and age-adjusted risk estimates and allow for phenocopies and familial clustering of age at onset. Agreement is high between the two approaches for ranking families as MGAD (Spearman rank [r] = .92). When either method is used, the numerical outcomes are sensitive to assumptions of the gene frequency and cumulative incidence of the disease in the population. Consequently, risk estimates should be used cautiously for counseling purposes; however, there are numerous valid applications of these procedures in genetic and epidemiological studies.