gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Theory and Applications of Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalents of Metamaterials (2012)

Metamaterials are typically engineered by arranging a set of small scatterers or apertures in a regular array throughout a region of space, thus obtaining some desirable bulk electromagnetic behavior. The desired property is often one that is not normally found naturally (negative refractive index, near-zero index, etc.). Over the past ten years, metamaterials have moved from being simply a theoretical concept to a field with developed and marketed applications. Three-dimensional metamaterials can be extended by arranging electrically small scatterers or holes into a two-dimensional pattern at a surface or interface. This surface version of a metamaterial has been given the name metasurface (the term metafilm has also been employed for certain structures). For many applications, metasurfaces can be used in place of metamaterials. Metasurfaces have the advantage of taking up less physical space than do full three-dimensional metamaterial structures; consequently, metasurfaces offer the possibility of less-lossy structures. In this overview paper, we discuss the theoretical basis by which metasurfaces should be characterized, and discuss their various applications. We will see how metasurfaces are distinguished from conventional frequency-selective surfaces. Metasurfaces have a wide range of potential applications in electromagnetics (ranging from low microwave to optical frequencies), including: (1) controllable “smart” surfaces, (2) miniaturized cavity resonators, (3) novel wave-guiding structures, (4) angular-independent surfaces, (5) absorbers, (6) biomedical devices, (7) terahertz switches, and (8) fluid-tunable frequency-agile materials, to name only a few. In this review, we will see that the development in recent years of such materials and/or surfaces is bringing us closer to realizing the exciting speculations made over one hundred years ago by the work of Lamb, Schuster, and Pocklington, and later by Mandel'shtam and Veselago.
Forskolin-induced homologous desensitization via an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent mechanism(s) in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. (1992)

We have reported that pretreatment of human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells with forskolin (Fsk; 10(-5) M) for 4 h strikingly inhibited subsequent cAMP responsiveness to a second challenge with Fsk (Fsk-induced homologous desensitization) without altering the responses to PTH or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Pretreatment with PTH acutely augmented Fsk responsiveness, despite desensitizing the cells to rechallenge with PTH. The present studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of this differential desensitization. Fsk-induced desensitization was not mimicked by 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, a Fsk analog that does not activate adenylate cyclase (AC) but does reproduce certain cAMP-independent effects of Fsk. Fsk-induced homologous desensitization was also completely blocked in a cAMP-resistant mutant SaOS-2 cell line (Ca 4A), in which protein kinase-A (PKA) is not activated by endogenous cAMP. However, pretreatment with PTH (or VIP), which induced a large increase in cAMP, did not attenuate, but, rather, increased, the subsequent cAMP response to Fsk. Potentiation by PTH was also observed in Ca 4A cells. Pretreatment of SaOS-2 cells with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) for 12 h strikingly inhibited the initial cAMP response to Fsk, although Fsk-induced homologous desensitization was still clearly observed. Pretreatment with cholera toxin (1 microgram/ml) completely prevented Fsk-induced homologous desensitization. Combinations of maximal concentrations of Fsk plus hormones such as human PTH, human PTH-related peptide, or VIP elicited cAMP responses that were much more than additive, an effect not observed with combinations of hormones alone. We conclude that 1) Fsk-induced homologous desensitization of the AC response of SaOS-2 cells to a second challenge with Fsk is dependent upon activation of PKA; 2) one or more pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins contribute to full AC activation by Fsk, but are not involved in homologous desensitization; 3) augmentation by PTH (or VIP) pretreatment of Fsk-dependent AC activation involves an effector(s) other than PKA. These results provide further evidence that the regulation of AC responsiveness in SaOS-2 cells by PTH or VIP is complex and cannot be explained by activation of PKA alone.
Deamidation of food proteins by protease in alkaline pH (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeamidation of food proteins by protease in alkaline pHAkio Kato, Atsushi Tanaka, Naotoshi Matsudomi, and Kunihiko KobayashiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 2, 224–227Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00074a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00074a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views463Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ca2+‐modulated ONE‐GC odorant signal transduction (2009)

In a subset of olfactory epithelium the odorant receptor guanylate cyclase, ONE-GC, is a central transduction component of the cyclic GMP signaling pathway. The odorant binds to the extracellular domain and activates its intracellular catalytic domain to generate the odorant second messenger, cyclic GMP. The present study demonstrates that it is a two-step, Ca(2+)-independent and Ca(2+)-dependent, sequential process. In step one, the odorant, uroguanylin, binds ONE-GC and primes it for stimulation. In step two, Ca(2+)-bound neurocalcin delta binds to the defined intracellular domain and saturates ONE-GC activity. A prototype model is proposed that depicts this signal transduction process.
Ultra-Low-Noise Sinusoidally Gated Avalanche Photodiode for High-Speed Single-Photon Detection at Telecommunication Wavelengths (2010)

Authors report avalanche signal detection with an ultra-low-noise detector-circuit based on a sinusoidally gated avalanche photodiode (APD). An avalanche gain can be reduced to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , which results in strong suppression of afterpulsing. The gate repetition frequency reached 2 GHz, which is much higher than that of the other gated APDs. In addition, the detection efficiency of 10.5% was obtained at 1550 nm with a dark count probability of 6.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> and an afterpulsing probability of 3.4%.
Energy-Limited vs. Interference-Limited Ad Hoc Network Capacity (2007)

In a multi-user system in which interference is treated as noise, increasing the power of all transmissions eventually makes thermal noise negligible and causes the network to be interference-limited. This paper attempts to determine the power level at which a random-access ad hoc network becomes interference limited. Furthermore, when the network is not interference-limited (i.e., when signal power does not completely overwhelm noise), the relationship between power and area spectral efficiency is quantified. It is shown that the key quantity is the energy per information bit, commonly referred to as E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> . Roughly speaking, a network becomes interference limited for E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> - values above approximately 15 dB; increasing E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> - leads to E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> middot a negligible capacity increase, but decreasing E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> below this value does lead to a non-negligible capacity decrease. Furthermore, as E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> approaches the Shannon limit of -1.59 dB, network capacity is seen to be extremely sensitive to the value of J^.
New Insecticides and Tank Mix Combinations for Worm Control in Lettuce (1999)

Proclaim and a normal use rate of 5 oz/ac of Success were highly effective against cabbage looper, Heliothis and beet armyworm. A low rate of 1.5 oz/ac of Success provided sufficient control of Heliothis and beet armyworm, but was weak against cabbage looper. While a low rate of 2.56 oz/ac of Warrior was not especially active against any of the target species. However, when this rate of Warrior was mixed with the low rate of Success, control across all the species was good, and was statistically similar to the higher rate of Success. Although Intrepid appeared slightly more active than its sister compound Confirm, it appears that it too will benefit from the addition of a pyrethroid for control of Heliothis and cabbage loopers on large lettuce plants.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND HYDROLYSIS OF AMINOCYCLOPROPYL AND AMINOCYCLOBUTYL SULFONES (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Chlormethylsulfid (I) erhält man mit tert.‐Butylat das Carbenoid (II), das mit dem Enamin (III) zu den isomeren Addukten (IVa), (IVb) führt.
Detection of Influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in air sampled from co-infected ferrets and analysis of their influence on pathogen stability (2023)

The impact of microbial communities on transmission fitness and environmental persistence is under-studied. Environmental stability of microbes is crucial to identifying transmission risks and mitigation strategies, such as removal of contaminated aerosols and decontamination of surfaces. Co-infection with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is very common during influenza virus infection, but little work has been done to understand whether <i>S. pneumoniae</i> alters stability of influenza virus, or vice versa, in a relevant system. Here, we demonstrate that influenza virus and <i>S. pneumoniae</i> are expelled by co-infected hosts. Our stability assays did not reveal any impact of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> on influenza virus stability, and a trend towards increased stability of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in the presence of influenza viruses. Future work characterizing environmental persistence of viruses and bacteria should include microbially-complex solutions to better mimic physiologically relevant conditions.
Theory of spectroscopic sampling in thin amorphous films (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of spectroscopic sampling in thin amorphous filmsPaul W. BohnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 7, 1203–1208Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00284a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen Storage on Carbon Doped with Platinum Nanoparticles Using Plasma Reduction (2007)

The doping of metal on carbon can be significantly improved by plasma treatment in two ways: increased dispersion and stronger interactions between metal particles and the substrate, both leading directly to enhanced hydrogen spillover and, thereby, increased hydrogen storage. Thus, the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbon at 298 K was increased almost 3-fold by doping with 3 wt % of platinum, using a plasma treatment. Without plasma treatment but with H2 reduction, the increase in hydrogen storage was only 54% by doping with 3 wt % of platinum.
RF front end requirements for 3G and beyond (2010)

The cellular mobile terminals continue to evolve at a rapid pace from voice phones to Multi-band, Multi standard Multi-media devices of the future. The RF front end, of these devices continues to be more complex requiring many RF bands and Wireless standards to be supported in a single device. In addition, to support higher data rates multiple antennas and passive filters are required. Concurrency with other wireless standards puts additional constraints on passive filters, which are required to reduce the interference handling requirements of the RF transceiver. Innovation is needed in the components required in the RF front end such that the form factor, RF performance and power consumption is maintained to less complicated devices of the past, as more band and modes are added.
Safety analysis results for cryostat ingress accidents in ITER (1996)

Accidents involving the ingress of air or water into the cryostat of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) tokamak design have been analyzed with a modified version of the MELCOR code for the ITER Non-site Specific Safety Report (NSSR-1). The air ingress accident is the result of a postulated breach of the cryostat boundary into an adjoining room. MELCOR results for this accident demonstrate that the condensed air mass and increased heat loads are not a magnet safety concern, but that the partial vacuum in the adjoining room must be accommodated in the building design. The water ingress accident is the result of a postulated magnet arc that results in melting of a Primary Heat Transport System (PHTS) coolant pipe, discharging PHTS water and PHTS water activated corrosion products and HTO into the cryostat. MELCOR results for this accident demonstrate that the condensed water mass and increased heat loads are not a magnet safety concern, that the cryostat pressure remains below design limits, and that the corrosion product and HTO releases are well within the ITER release limits.
Development of an AVM System Implementation Framework (2012)

Automatic virtual metrology (AVM) is the highest-level of technology for VM applications from the perspective of automation. It enables the fast application of VM to all pieces of equipment in a factory. The existing VM-related literature mainly focuses on creating VM models for manufacturing processes using different algorithms or methods and illustrating the defect-detection capability or the VM conjecture accuracy. Only a few of them mentioned how to implement the AVM system, but with limited details. This paper aims to present the development of an AVM system implementation framework (AVMSIF) to fill this gap. The proposed AVMSIF, together with the developed server-creation approach and XML-based system-operational mechanisms, can allow the complex AVM system to be created in a systematic and easy manner. Also, by adopting plug-and-play interfaces and desired functional modules, the AVMSIF can be applied to different types of equipment in the factory-wide VM deployment. According to the proposed AVMSIF, an AVM system has been successfully created and deployed in our cooperative thin-film-transistor-liquid-crystal-display (TFT-LCD) factory to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed AVMSIF. The results of this paper may be a useful reference for high-tech industries, such as semiconductor and TFT-LCD industries, in the construction of their AVM systems.
Pathophysiology of GvHD and Other HSCT-Related Major Complications (2017)

For over 60 years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been the major curative therapy for several hematological and genetic disorders, but its efficacy is limited by the secondary disease called graft versus host disease (GvHD). Huge advances have been made in successful transplantation in order to improve patient quality of life, and yet, complete success is hard to achieve. This review assimilates recent updates on pathophysiology of GvHD, prophylaxis and treatment of GvHD-related complications, and advances in the potential treatment of GvHD.
Therapeutic levels of human protein C in rats after retroviral vector-mediated hepatic gene therapy. (1998)

Protein C deficiency results in a thrombotic disorder that might be treated by expressing a normal human protein C (hPC) gene in patients. An amphotropic retroviral vector with a liver-specific promoter and the hPC cDNA was delivered to rat hepatocytes in vivo during liver regeneration. Expression of hPC varied from 55 to 203 ng/ml (1.3-5.0% of normal) for 2 wk after transduction. Expression increased to an average of 900 ng/ml (22% of normal) in some rats and was maintained at stable levels for 1 yr. All of these rats developed anti-hPC antibodies and exhibited a prolonged hPC half-life in vivo. The hPC was functional as determined by a chromogenic substrate assay after immunoprecipitation. We conclude that most rats achieved hPC levels that would prevent purpura fulminans, and that hepatic gene therapy might become a viable treatment for patients with severe homozygous hPC deficiency. Anti-hPC antibodies increased the hPC half-life and plasma levels in some rats, but did not interfere with its functional activity. Thus, the development of antibodies against a plasma protein does not necessarily abrogate its biological effect in gene therapy experiments.
Titan’s Magic Island: Transient features in a Titan sea (invited) (2014)

International audience
Physical gels and microphase separation in multiblock copolymers (1993)

We present computer simulation results of a solution of multiblock copolymers, and show that a network can form under certain conditions. This network formation is due to a bridging effect, which exists for multiblock but not for diblock copolymers. Because of this special property, we suggest that multiblock copolymers may be used quite generally to describe physical gels. Further, we find that separation of block types from each other hinders phase separation of polymers from solvent when the solvent is poor for both block types.
3-Dimensional Elastic Registration System of Prostate Biopsy Location by Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transrectal Ultrasound Guidance With Magnetic Resonance/Transrectal Ultrasound Image Fusion (2012)

The novel, computer assisted, 3-dimensional transrectal ultrasound biopsy localization system achieved encouraging accuracy with less than 3 mm error for targeting hypoechoic and isoechoic lesions. The ability to register actual biopsy trajectory and perform elastic magnetic resonance/ultrasound image fusion is a significant advantage for future focal therapy application.
A decomposition heuristic for resource allocation (1994)

. The allocation of resources to a set of tasks with fixed start and end times is known to be NP-complete. We propose an approximation based on identifying pools of interchangeable resources and tasks using a novel decomposition heuristic. The pools are abstractions which provide simple representations for making conflicts explicit. The method is an anytime algorithm that efficiently finds a sub-optimal solution which can then be improved by refining the underlying decomposition. This is more practical than constraint relaxation techniques traditionally used to deal with such problems. 1 Introduction Planning, scheduling and resource allocation are closely related tasks. Because they intervene at different time scales, they are often decoupled. Consider, for instance, the problem of managing flights of an airline company. Purchasing airplanes, hiring personnel, setting flight timetables as well as making large investment decisions are planned for a relatively long period of time and ...
NMDA receptor glycine site antagonist (indole-2-carboxylic acid) enhances the anticonvulsive activity of antiepileptic drugs (1998)

Indole-2-carboxylic acid, an antagonist of the glycine site within NMDA receptor complex, significantly raised the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice, when given at doses 150-200 mg/kg. At a subprotective dose (100 mg/kg) it enhanced the protective activity of carbamazepine, phenobarbital and valproate, diphenylhydantoin being an exception. The activity of carbamazepine and valproate was also potentiated by indole-2-carboxylic acid administered at 50 mg/kg. moreover at the dose of 25 mg/kg it sill significantly lowered the ED50 of valproate. However, the combined treatment of this glycine site antagonist with all antiepileptic drugs studied impaired the motor performance of mice in the rotorod test. Indole-2-carboxylic acid alone at the dose range from 150 to 200 mg/kg induced motor impairment in mice. When co-administered with valproate, it significantly worsened passive avoidance behaviour. The plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs remained unchanged in the presence of indole-2-carboxylic acid. It may be concluded that although indole-2-carboxylic acid enhanced the protective activity of certain antiepileptics, its therapeutic use seems questionable due to pronounced adverse effects, as revealed by the behavioural tests.
Opening the Heart (2006)

It is my discovery of the mandala that has had the most significant influence on me as an artist. The mandala, Sanskrit word for circle or center, is found in a majority of my pieces, either literally or symbolically. My interest in and subsequent use of the mandala began twenty years ago and continues to this day. The mandala is a primordial image found in the macrocosm of the universe, the microcosm of nature, and in the psyche of man. The circle has been used throughout the world in image and architecture as a sacred symbol since the beginning of time.