gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Impacts of Information Technology Applications on Productivity: A Field Study (1997)

:Assessing the productivity impact of information technology (IT) applications is an important research problem in electronic commerce and organizational computing in general. We study the impact of a toll collection system introduced in thirty-eight interchanges of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in 1987. We model labor productivity both before and after the new system implementation. In addition to transaction volumes, we include productivity factors in our models to account for differences in technology, labor, and traffic patterns across the turnpike. Our results show that IT may have two types of impact. First, it can directly affect the time to process a transaction. Second, it can indirectly affect the role of a productivity factor. For example, we found that the unfavorable effect of employee turnover on labor productivity diminished with the introduction of the new system because it reduced the learning time for replacement workers.
Guidelines: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2004)

Sponsoring Organizations: the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (developed with the American Association for Thoracic
Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columbia livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (2005)

In light of the finding of a previously unknown coronavirus as the aetiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), it is probable that other coronaviruses, than those recognized to date, are circulating in animal populations. Here, the results of a screening for coronavirus are presented, using a universal coronavirus RT-PCR, of the bird species graylag goose (Anser anser), feral pigeon (Columbia livia) and mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Coronaviruses were found in cloacal swab samples from all the three bird species. In the graylag goose, 40 of 163 sampled birds were coronavirus positive, whereas two of 100 sampled pigeons and one of five sampled mallards tested positive. The infected graylag geese showed lower body weights compared with virus-negative birds, suggesting clinical significance of the infection. Phylogenetic analyses performed on the replicase gene and nucleocapsid protein sequences, indicated that the novel coronaviruses described in the present study all branch off from group III coronaviruses. All the novel avian coronaviruses harboured the conserved s2m RNA structure in their 3' untranslated region, like other previously described group III coronaviruses, and like the SARS coronavirus. Sequencing of the complete nucleocapsid gene and downstream regions of goose and pigeon coronaviruses, evidenced the presence of two additional open reading frames for the goose coronavirus with no sequence similarity to known proteins, but with predicted transmembrane domains for one of the encoded proteins, and one additional open reading frame for the pigeon coronavirus, with a predicted transmembrane domain, downstream of the nucleocapsid gene.
Determination of Mononuclear Aluminum Complex Ions in the Presence of Large Amount of Polynuclear Aluminum Species (1968)

多量の多核アルミニウムイオンの存在する試料に,既報の8-キノリノ一ル塩抽出法を適用すると,多核イオンの解重合による誤差とクロロホルム層の乳濁化とを生じ,単核イオンの正確な定量は不可能となることがわかった。この乳濁状態は,ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム溶液の添加によりただちに破壊できることを見いだした。また定量条件における解重合反応は,多核イオンとして存在するアルミニウム濃度を[A1]Pとすると,その速度を[A1]P[CH3COO-]2および[A1]P[8-キノリノールイオン]2の項の和として表示され,並発形と推定される。その初期反応は見かけ上,時間に対して直線的に進行するので,作図による補外によって試料の単核イオンを定量できる。定量に対する各種陰イオンの影響を調べ,この方法によって定量される錯体は,配位子交換速度の大きな単核アルミニウム錯体(A1(aq)3+,A1(OH)2+,A1(SO4)+,A1(CH3COO)n(3-2n)+,A1(C2O4)n(3-2n)+など)であることを明らかにした。本法のアルミニウムイオンの加水分解に関する研究への応用について論じた。
On the Fusion of Periocular and Iris Biometrics in Non-ideal Imagery (2010)

Human recognition based on the iris biometric is severely impacted when encountering non-ideal images of the eye characterized by occluded irises, motion and spatial blur, poor contrast, and illumination artifacts. This paper discusses the use of the periocular region surrounding the iris, along with the iris texture patterns, in order to improve the overall recognition performance in such images. Periocular texture is extracted from a small, fixed region of the skin surrounding the eye. Experiments on the images extracted from the Near Infra-Red (NIR) face videos of the Multi Biometric Grand Challenge (MBGC) dataset demonstrate that valuable information is contained in the periocular region and it can be fused with the iris texture to improve the overall identification accuracy in non-ideal situations.
Hypercholesterolemia impairs reactive hyperemic vasodilation of 2A but not 3A arterioles in mouse cremaster muscle (2005)

Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis have been associated with changes in the microvasculature, in particular with endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, the impact of atherogenic conditions on arteriolar vasomotor control was determined. Arteriolar [second-order (2A) and third-order (3A) arterioles; diameter range: 9-37 microm] responses during reactive hyperemia (RH) were determined in cremaster muscle of anesthetized mice. C57Bl/6 mice on normal rodent chow were used as controls and high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC)-fed C57Bl/6 and ApoE3-Leiden mice as hypercholesterolemic mice. The HFC diet resulted in time-dependent increases in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001), which were more pronounced in ApoE3-Leiden mice (P < 0.001). In control mice, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) reduced baseline diameter from 17.9 +/- 1.2 to 15.9 +/- 1.3 microm (P < 0.05) and decreased the duration of RH [time to 50% (t50) of recovery: 23.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 1.3 s (P = 0.003)]. t50 was longer in 2A versus 3A arterioles (33 +/- 3 vs. 18 +/- 2 s, P < 0.001) and increased with wall shear rate at the beginning of RH in 2A arterioles only. Compared with control mice, RH duration was reduced in 2A arterioles of HFC mice (t50: 11 +/- 2 s, P < 0.001 vs. control) but not affected in 3A vessels. L-NNA did not affect baseline diameter in HFC mice and reduced t50 only in "slow" responders (t50 > or = 10 s). It is concluded that hypercholesterolemia results in an impairment of NO-mediated vasomotor control in 2A but not 3A arterioles during dynamic changes of perfusion like RH. 2A arterioles likely therefore represent the functional locus of endothelial dysfunction during atherogenic conditions.
Trimethylamine N-oxide generation process was influenced by the proportion and source of macronutrients in the diet (2023)

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a risk factor of various chronic diseases, which was produced by metabolism from precursors to trimethylamine (TMA) in gut and the oxidation from TMA in liver. The TMA generation was influenced by diet, mainly due to the rich TMAO precursors in diet. However, it was still unclear that the effects of different proportion and source of macronutrients in different dietary pattern on the production process of TMAO. Here, the generation of TMA from precursors and TMAO from TMA was determined after single oral choline chloride and intraperitoneal injection TMA, respectively, in mice fed with carbohydrates, proteins and fats in different proportion and sources. The results suggested that the generation of TMAO was increased by low non-meat protein and high fat via enhancing the production of TMAO from TMA, and decreased by plant protein and refined sugar via reducing TMA production from precursors in gut and TMAO transformation from TMA in liver. The high fat and high sugar diets accelerating the development of atherosclerosis did not increase the production of TMAO, the risk factor for atherosclerosis, which indicated that the dietary compositions rather than the elevated TMAO level might be a more key risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers (1994)

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), a compound formed during catabolism of leucine, was fed to 256 crossbred steers as 0 or .03% of diet dry matter. Effects on performance, carcass characteristics, and tissue composition were measured. Groups of 32 steers per diet were slaughtered after 105, 119, 133, and 147 d on feed. The HMB was fed to each group only during the final 82 d they were fed. Averaged across slaughter date, animal performance was not altered by HMB; however, an interaction between HMB and time on feed was detected. Feeding HMB increased (P < .01) daily gain of steers slaughtered at 105 d but decreased (P < .01) daily gain of steers slaughtered at 147 d. Steers fed HMB had numerically higher marbling scores that resulted in a trend toward higher carcass quality grades. Steers receiving HMB tended to have less (P < .08) s.c. fat and fewer steers with yield grades of 4 or greater (1.6 vs 4.7%). Supplementation of HMB to feedlot steers tended to increase (P < .07) the ratio of intramuscular fat to subcutaneous fat. Steers fed HMB had higher (P < .001) blood plasma concentrations of HMB (3.06 vs 1.70 mg/L) and lower (P < .03) blood plasma concentrations of cholesterol (108.4 vs 118.7 mg/dL). Feeding HMB tended to increase (P < .10) lipid content of the longissimus muscles of those steers slaughtered at 105 d.
CD38 as a Regulator of Cellular NAD: A Novel Potential Pharmacological Target for Metabolic Conditions (2009)

CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme that uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a substrate to generate second messengers. Recently, CD38 was also identified as one of the main cellular NADases in mammalian tissues and appears to regulate cellular levels of NAD in multiple tissues and cells. Due to the emerging role of NAD as a key molecule in multiple signaling pathways, and metabolic conditions it is imperative to determine the cellular mechanisms that regulate the synthesis and degradation of this nucleotide. In fact, recently it has been shown that NAD participates in multiple physiological processes such as insulin secretion, control of energy metabolism, neuronal and cardiac cell survival, airway constriction, asthma, aging and longevity. The discovery of CD38 as the main cellular NADase in mammalian tissues, and the characterization of its role on the control of cellular NAD levels indicate that CD38 may serve as a pharmacological target for multiple conditions.
Synthesis of Nanosized and Microporous Precipitated Hydroxyapatite in Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers (2003)

In situ precipitation of microporous and nanosized hydroxyapatite particles (5–40 nm) has been conducted in poly(vinyl alcohol) and bovine serum albumin gels. The process, which is similar to biomineralization, is highly controlled with respect to microstructural features, such as size and shape, and to precipitation of hydroxyapatite phase having a calcium:phosphorus stoichiometric ratio of 1.67. Nanosized precipitated hydroxyapatite particles show remarkable thermal stability and do not decompose to other calcium phosphate phases, even at higher temperatures.
P12 Pathological vascular smooth muscle cells remodelling in murine models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2016)

Rationale Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta that progresses to rupture, which is frequently fatal. The only existing treatments are high risk surgical interventions. These are not offered until the AAA is large (>5.5?cm) so patients remain under surveillance for many years. There is currently no medical therapy to offer. We have previously observed a senescent phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) isolated from end-stage human AAA. We hypothesise that there is a prior period of pathological VSMC remodelling which may be a promising and novel target for molecular therapies. Methodology Three murine models of early AAA were used – (i) AngII infusion to ApoE-/- mice and (ii) CaCl2 or (iii) porcine pancreatic elastase application to the aortic adventitia of C57BL6/J mice. VSMC remodelling was investigated in fixed and paraffin embedded aortic tissue harvested from the murine models using the histochemical stain Movat’s Pentachrome and immunohistochemistry for the VSMC identification marker, αSMA. Slides were imaged with a digital slide scanner or confocal microscopy as appropriate. Aortic lumen volume was determined by in-vivo ultrasound. Results We observed VSMC remodelling in all three models of AAA. The remodelling was reduced by administration of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of PDGF induced VSMC remodelling. Inhibition of VSMC remodelling also reduced the severity of the aneurysms formed as assessed by 3D in-vivo ultrasound of the aortic lumen. Conclusions There is a major VSMC remodelling response in murine AAA and disrupting this response appears to suppress AAA formation.
Crystal structure and electrical properties of epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 films (2000)

The crystal structure and electrical properties were investigated for (001)- and (116)-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films deposited on (100) SrTiO3 and (100)SrRuO3∥(100)SrTiO3 substrates, and (110) SrTiO3 and (110)SrRuO3∥(110)SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. Both oriented SBT films were epitaxially grown with high crystal perfection, and twinning existed in the (116)-oriented one. Both oriented SBT films were found to form c/6 lattice displacements to relax the stress. The interface of the (001)-oriented film did not include misfit dislocations, defects, and an interfacial layer, and that of the (116)-oriented film included the lattice strain contrast due to an irregular atomic arrangement. The electrical property of the SBT film shows anisotropy of the ferroelectricity along the c- and a-axis directions; the remanent polarizations of the (001)- and (116)-oriented SBT films were 0 and 10.5 μC/cm2, respectively.
Azidomorphines and homopyrimidazols: a new approach to the ideal analgetic. (1977)

Azidomorphines, new semi-synthetic isomorphine alkaloids and homopyrimidazols (1, 5-diazanaphtalenes), two new families of compounds favourably enlarging the scope of analgetics, were developed. Azidomorphine, a 40--50 times more potent analgetic in man than morphine, showed a remarkably great dissociation between analgetic potency and dependence capacity and proved to exert significantly less unfavourable effects than either morphine or pentazocine. Probon (Rymazolium), the first compound of the homopyrimidazol series, introduced to therapy as a new minor analgetic, potentiated the analgetic and antagonized the respiratory depressant effect of morphine and its derivatives. In patients with chronic intractable pain, a combination of azidomorphine (0.5 mg) and Probon (150 mg) achieved total pain relief without noticeable euphoria and none of the patients subjected to nalorphine-precipitation showed signs of abstinence according to the Himmelsbach scoring system. Since both the azidomorphines and the homopyrimidazols are unexploited new families, further progress in detail structure-activity relationship studies seems quite promising.
Phase-system switching: A new approach in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry coupling (1988)

A new approach is presented to overcome the problems imposed by the use of non-volatile mobile phase constituents, such as buffers, in liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric applications. The approach, called phase-system switching (PSS), is based on the use of valve switching techniques. The peak of interest is heart-cut from the effluent of the analytical column and trapped on a short trapping column, the buffer constituents are washed off, and subsequently the compound of interest is desorbed in a solvent favourable for the liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface. The potential of the phase-system switching technique is explored in the liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the anti-cancer drug mitomycin C, which is chromatographed with an aqueous phosphate buffer as the mobile phase on a reversed-phase column. In addition to the phase-system switching itself, the PSS technique shows the interesting possibilities of peak compression and changes in flow rate.
Highly Conjugated, Acetylenyl Bridged Porphyrins: New Models for Light-Harvesting Antenna Systems (1994)

A new class of porphyrin-based chromophore systems has been prepared from ethyne-elaborated porphyrin synthons through the use of metal-mediated cross-coupling methodologies. These systems feature porphyrin chromophores wired together through single ethynyl linkages. This type of topological connectivity affords exceptional electronic interactions between the chromophores which are manifest in their room temperature photophysics, optical spectroscopy, and electrochemistry; these spectroscopic signatures indicate that these species model many of the essential characteristics of biological light-harvesting antenna systems.
Clinical Course of Patients Treated for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma without Surgical Intervention (2013)

Most patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who will not undergo surgery respond only partially to first-line chemotherapy. Having no surgery is associated with a short disease-free interval.
Distal kinetic deuterium isotope effect: Phenyl ring deuteration attenuates N-demethylation of Lu AF35700 (2022)

The N-demethylation of zicronapine (7) and three of its deuterated analogs 8 - 10 has been studied in human in vitro metabolism systems. While the N-deuterio-methyl analog 8 did not behave differently from the parent in human liver microsomes, a significantly reduced rate of N-demethylation was observed as a consequence of benzene ring deuteration (compound 7vs.9). Additional deuteration of the N-methyl group, which as mentioned had shown no effect in isolation, further decreased the rate of the N-demethylation reaction (compound 10vs.9). This paper presents and discusses this unprecedented 'distal kinetic isotope effect' that was observed when incubating the test compounds with human liver microsomes or recombinant human CYP450 liver enzymes.
Finite element analysis of glenoid-sided lateralization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (2016)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate glenoid-sided lateralization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and compare bony and prosthetic lateralization. The hypothesis was that stress and displacement would increase with progressive bony lateralization, and be lower with prosthetic lateralization. A 3D finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on a commercially available RSA prosthesis. Stress and displacement were evaluated at baseline and following 5, 10, and 15 mm of bony or prosthetic lateralization. Additional variables included glenosphere size, baseplate orientation, and peripheral screw orientation. Maximum stress for a 36 mm glenosphere without bone graft increased by 137% for the 5 mm graft, 187% for the 10 mm graft, and 196% for the 15 mm graft. Likewise, displacement progressively increased with increasing graft thickness. Stress and displacement were reduced with a smaller glenosphere, inferior tilt of the baseplate, and divergent peripheral screws. Compared to bony lateralization, stress was lower with prosthetic lateralization through the glenosphere or baseplate. Displacement with 5 mm of bony lateralization reached recommended maximal amounts for osseous integration, whereas, this level was not reached until 10-15 mm of prosthetic lateralization. Baseplate stress and displacement in an FEA model is lower with a smaller glenosphere, inferior tilt, and divergent screws. Bony lateralization increases stress and displacement to a greater degree than prosthetic lateralization. It appears that at least 10 mm of prosthetic lateralization is mechanically acceptable during RSA, but only 5 mm of bony lateralization is advised. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1548-1555, 2017.
Ultrastructure of the cell wall of a Synechocystis strain (1980)

The ultrastructure of the cell wall of a Synechocystis strain, isolated from the Gulf of Finland, was studied using several electron microscopic techniques. This cyanobacterium has numerous projections which were observed to penetrate the cell wall complex. An additional layer (AL) was associated with the outer membrane. An additional external wall layer (EL) was connected to the outer membrane complex by thin fibers as revealed by ruthenium red staining. A hexagonal arrangement of the subunits in the additional external wall layer with a lattice constant of 15.5 nm was found.
Calprotectin in Bile (2014)

Calprotectin in bile is a promising disease marker in patients with PSC with a potential prognostic value.
Underscoring the Influence of Inorganic Chemistry on Nuclear Imaging with Radiometals (2013)

Over the past several decades, radionuclides have matured from largely esoteric and experimental technologies to indispensible components of medical diagnostics. Driving this transition, in part, have been mutually necessary advances in biomedical engineering, nuclear medicine, and cancer biology. Somewhat unsung has been the seminal role of inorganic chemistry in fostering the development of new radiotracers. In this regard, the purpose of this Forum Article is to more visibly highlight the significant contributions of inorganic chemistry to nuclear imaging by detailing the development of five metal-based imaging agents: (64)Cu-ATSM, (68)Ga-DOTATOC, (89)Zr-transferrin, (99m)Tc-sestamibi, and (99m)Tc-colloids. In a concluding section, several unmet needs both in and out of the laboratory will be discussed to stimulate conversation between inorganic chemists and the imaging community.
High-power diode laser system near 1 μm and comparative tissue interaction studies (1994)

Due to their high reliability, modest electrical and cooling requirements, and their compact size, diode laser systems are attractive high power, fiber-coupled laser sources for surgical and therapeutics procedures. We describe Applied Optronics Corporation's LM series of portable air-cooled diode laser systems delivering 25 W or 50 W of cw power from the distal end of a disposable, 0.37 NA optical fiber with a core size of 600 micrometers or 1 mm respectively. In comparative tissue interaction studies using the 980 nm laser source, three laser interaction regimes are identified and characterized for laser interactions with six types of cadervic soft tissue.
Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Degradation Products in Land-Applied Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) (2001)

Alkylphenol ethoxylates, widely used in commercial and household detergents in the United States, can degrade during the wastewater treatment process to more toxic, estrogenic, and lipophilic compounds. These include octylphenol (OP), nonylphenols (NPs), nonylphenol monoethoxylates (NP1EOs), and nonylphenol diethoxylates (NP2EOs). These compounds have received considerable attention due to their acute toxicity and ability to disrupt the endocrine system. In Europe, regulations have been established to control their impact on the environment. In this study, biosolids derived from all 11 U.S. wastewater treatment plants examined contained detectable levels of OP, NPs, NP1EOs, and NP2EOs. Nine exceeded the current Danish land application limit (30 mg/kg; sum of NPs, NP1EOs, and NP2EOs) by 6-33x. NPs were the major component, and their concentrations therein ranged from 5.4 to 887 mg/kg (dry weight). OP, reportedly 10-20x more estrogenic than NP, was detected in these same nine biosolids at levels up to 12.6 mg/kg. Three biosolids were also subjected to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Method 1311. NPs and NP1EOs were both detected in the leachate; the former at concentrations from 9.4 to 309 microg/L. On the basis of effect levels published in the literature, alkylphenol ethoxylate degradates in U.S. biosolids may cause adverse environmental impacts.