gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions (2021)

Abstract Quantum computing (QC) is an emerging paradigm with the potential to offer significant computational advantage over conventional classical computing by exploiting quantum‐mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition. It is anticipated that this computational advantage of QC will help to solve many complex and computationally intractable problems in several application domains such as drug design, data science, clean energy, finance, industrial chemical development, secure communications, and quantum chemistry. In recent years, tremendous progress in both quantum hardware development and quantum software/algorithm has brought QC much closer to reality. Indeed, the demonstration of quantum supremacy marks a significant milestone in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era—the next logical step being the quantum advantage whereby quantum computers solve a real‐world problem much more efficiently than classical computing. As the quantum devices are expected to steadily scale up in the next few years, quantum decoherence and qubit interconnectivity are two of the major challenges to achieve quantum advantage in the NISQ era. QC is a highly topical and fast‐moving field of research with significant ongoing progress in all facets. A systematic review of the existing literature on QC will be invaluable to understand the state‐of‐the‐art of this emerging field and identify open challenges for the QC community to address in the coming years. This article presents a comprehensive review of QC literature and proposes taxonomy of QC. The proposed taxonomy is used to map various related studies to identify the research gaps. A detailed overview of quantum software tools and technologies, post‐quantum cryptography, and quantum computer hardware development captures the current state‐of‐the‐art in the respective areas. The article identifies and highlights various open challenges and promising future directions for research and innovation in QC.
Use of Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning for Introduction to Materials (2020)

Her research is in the development and characterization of novel syntactic foams and various porous metals via powder metallurgy and foam casting. She is also significantly involved in engineering education research in the areas of assessment studies of classroom material science pedagogical implementations; case studies in various engineering disciplines and; engineering faculty barriers to adopt evidence-
Plasmalogen status influences docosahexaenoic acid levels in a macrophage cell line: insights using ether lipid-deficient variants (1999)

Previously, this laboratory reported the isolation of variants, RAW. 12 and RAW.108, from the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7 that are defective in plasmalogen biosynthesis [Zoeller, R.A. et al. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 8299-8306]. Fatty acid analysis showed significant changes in the mutants in the ethanolamine phospholipids (PE), the only phospholipid class in which the plasmalogen species, plasmenylethanolamine, contributes significantly. Within the PE fraction, docosapentaenoic (DPA; 22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acids were reduced by approximately 50% in the variants while the levels of arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) remained unaffected. The decrease in DHA was accompanied by a 50% decrease in labeling PE with [3H]DHA over a 90-min period. Restoration of plasmenylethanolamine by supplementing the growth medium with sn -1-hexadecylglycerol (HG) completely reversed these changes in RAW. 108. Pre-existing pools of plasmenylethanolamine were not required for restoration of normal [3H]DHA labeling; addition of HG only during the labeling period was sufficient. Due to the loss of Delta1'-desaturase in RAW.12, HG supplementation resulted in the accumulation of plasmenylethanolamine's immediate biosynthetic precursor, plasmanylethanolamine. Even though this latter phospholipid contained only the ether functionality (lacking the vinyl ether double bond) it was sufficient to restore wild type-like fatty acid composition and DHA labeling of the ethanolamine phospholipids, identifying the ether bond as a structural determinant for this specificity. In summary, we have used these mutants to establish that the plasmalogen status of a cell can influence the levels of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These results support the notion that certain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, can be selectively targeted to plasmalogens and that this targeting occurs during de novo biosynthesis, or shortly thereafter, through modification of nascent plasmalogen pools.
Assessment of Trueness of a Glucose Monitor Using Interstitial Fluid and Whole Blood as Specimen Matrix (2006)

The assessed electrochemical glucose monitor shows a close agreement with our GC/MS reference method for whole blood, for which this monitor was optimized. When glucose measurements are performed with ISF as matrix, the observed bias needs to be taken into consideration. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the reasons for the wide dispersion of data for ISF.
New X‐linked syndrome with severe mental retardation, severely impaired vision, severe hearing defect, epileptic seizures, spasticity, restricted joint mobility, and early death (1993)

A family with an X-linked mental retardation syndrome involving seven children in two generations is reported. The syndrome includes microcephaly, severe mental retardation, optic atrophy with severely impaired vision or blindness, a severe hearing defect, spasticity, epileptic seizures, restricted movement of the large joints, and death in infancy or early childhood. We conclude that this is a distinct, previously unrecognized X-linked mental retardation syndrome.
Isolation of antiplasmodial sesquiterpenic lactones from the leaves of Vernonia fimbrillifera Less. (Asteraceae), an endemic plant from Reunion Island (2016)

International audience
Social affective context reveals altered network dynamics in schizophrenia patients (2018)

Impairments in social cognition and interactions are core psychopathologies in schizophrenia, often manifesting as an inability to appropriately relate to the intentions and feelings of others. Neuroimaging has helped to demarcate the dynamics of two distinct functional connectivity circuits underlying the social-affective processes related to mentalization (known as Theory of Mind, ToM) and somatic-affiliation (known as Embodied Simulation, ES). While evidence points to abnormal activation patterns within these networks among those suffering from schizophrenia, it is yet unclear however, if these patients exhibit this abnormal functional connectivity in the context of social-affective experiences. The current fMRI study, investigated functional connectivity dynamics within ToM and ES networks as subjects experienced evolving cinematic portrayals of fear. During scanning, schizophrenia patients and healthy controls passively watched a cinematic scene in which a mother and her son face various threatening events. Participants then provided a continuous and retrospective report of their fear intensity during a second viewing outside the scanner. Using network cohesion index (NCI) analysis, we examined modulations of ES-related and ToM-related functional connectivity dynamics and their relation to symptom severity and the continuous emotional ratings of the induced cinematic fear. Compared to patients, healthy controls showed higher ES-NCI and marginally lower ToM-NCI during emotional peaks. Cross-correlation analysis revealed an intriguing dynamic between NCI and the inter-group difference of reported fear. Schizophrenia patients rated their fear as lower relative to healthy controls, shortly after exhibiting lower ES connectivity. This increased difference in rating was also followed by higher ToM connectivity among schizophrenia patients. The clinical relevance of these findings is further highlighted by the following two results: (a) ToM-NCI was found to have a strong correlation with the severity of general symptoms during one of the two main emotional peaks (Spearman R = 0.77); and (b) k-mean clustering demonstrated that the networks' NCI dynamic during the social-affective context reliably differentiated between patients and controls. Together, these findings point to a possible neural marker for abnormal social-affective processing in schizophrenia, manifested as the disturbed balance between two functional networks involved in social-affective affiliation. This in turn suggests that exaggerated mentalization over somatic-affiliative processing, in response to another's' distress may underlie social-affective deficits in schizophrenia.
Voltage command derivation for PWM controller to reduce torque ripple in switched reluctance motor (2017)

The output torque of switched reluctance motor (SRM) can be controlled by flowing an appropriate current through the armature windings. In general, current hysteresis control has been applied. However, there is a problem that acoustic noise generated from the SRM at the driving tends to become large. Then, there are reports that PWM control has been applied to suppress the acoustic noise. This paper proposes a method to obtain the voltage command used in PWM control in order to flow the desired current to the motor winding by use of electromagnetic field analysis software. In this paper, it is clarified by simulation and experiment that the torque ripple can be reduced by inputting an appropriate voltage command into the PWM controller. In addition, it is clarified that the proposed control method improves the efficiency and suppresses the acoustic noise.
Comparison of growth requirements of two human intratumoral colon carcinoma cell lines in monolayer and soft agarose. (1988)

The human colon, intratumoral subpopulations HCT 116 and HCT 116a were established in chemically defined medium supplemented with transferrin, insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, and sodium selenite. The responsiveness of the adapted cell lines to these growth factors was compared in anchorage-dependent and -independent assays. HCT 116 cells maintained in serum-free conditions were further adapted to growth factor deprivation, and the effects of these polypeptides were determined in anchorage-independent assays. In monolayer, HCT 116 cells adapted to grow in serum-free medium responded to transferrin but not to EGF or insulin. Similarly adapted HCT 116a cells were, however, insensitive to transferrin addition but manifested a 300 and 500% increase in growth rates with EGF and insulin, respectively. Optimal growth of HCT 116 cells was seen in the presence of insulin and transferrin, while maximum proliferation of HCT 116a cells depended on combined insulin, transferrin, and EGF. In soft agarose, both HCT 116 and HCT 116a subpopulations showed a stringent requirement for transferrin. No combination of growth factors without transferrin supported colony formation. These data suggest that (a) these colon tumor subpopulations may be subject to separate growth controls, and (b) there may be an important role for transferrin in anchorage-independent growth and possibly in the maintenance of malignant characteristics.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C‐C Bond Formation Reaction of Allylzirconation Products of Alkynes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retinoids in the chemoprevention of bladder cancer (1998)

Bladder cancer is strongly related to tobacco use and is estimated to cause 54,500 new cancer cases and 11,700 deaths in the United States in 1998. Approximately two thirds of new US cases will be superficial tumors, predominantly low-grade papillary. After standard therapeutic resection (with or without intravesical therapy), the superficial bladder tumor recurrence rate is 30% to 70% within 12 months of resection. Morbidity is substantial, with frequent cystoscopy, recurrence, resections, and possible cystectomy for progression to invasive cancers. Therefore, new approaches, including chemoprevention, are needed. Data suggest that bladder carcinogenesis is a multi-step, multifocal (field effect) process, possibly involving the spread of premalignant clones--all of which are prerequisites for effective chemopreventive approaches. To date, retinoids are the best-studied chemopreventive agents in this site, achieving mixed clinical results (with 13-cis-retinoic acid and etretinate) in superficial bladder tumors. This review includes the epidemiology and biology of bladder carcinogenesis in addition to preclinical and clinical retinoid data, and focuses on the most promising avenue of current retinoid chemoprevention in the bladder: the potent apoptosis-inducing retinoid fenretinide (4-HPR), which currently is in three phase III trials.
Automatic segmentation of CT and MR volume data using non-rigid morphon registration (2013)

Automatic segmentation of anatomical structures is often performed using model based non-rigid registration methods. The morphon algorithm is one such method. In this algorithm, two or three dimens ...
Gene Expression Patterns of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex I Subunits Are Organized in Clusters (2010)

After the radiation of eukaryotes, the NUO operon, controlling the transcription of the NADH dehydrogenase complex of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS complex I), was broken down and genes encoding this protein complex were dispersed across the nuclear genome. Seven genes, however, were retained in the genome of the mitochondrion, the ancient symbiote of eukaryotes. This division, in combination with the three-fold increase in subunit number from bacteria (N = approximately 14) to man (N = 45), renders the transcription regulation of OXPHOS complex I a challenge. Recently bioinformatics analysis of the promoter regions of all OXPHOS genes in mammals supported patterns of co-regulation, suggesting that natural selection favored a mechanism facilitating the transcriptional regulatory control of genes encoding subunits of these large protein complexes. Here, using real time PCR of mitochondrial (mtDNA)- and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded transcripts in a panel of 13 different human tissues, we show that the expression pattern of OXPHOS complex I genes is regulated in several clusters. Firstly, all mtDNA-encoded complex I subunits (N = 7) share a similar expression pattern, distinct from all tested nDNA-encoded subunits (N = 10). Secondly, two sub-clusters of nDNA-encoded transcripts with significantly different expression patterns were observed. Thirdly, the expression patterns of two nDNA-encoded genes, NDUFA4 and NDUFA5, notably diverged from the rest of the nDNA-encoded subunits, suggesting a certain degree of tissue specificity. Finally, the expression pattern of the mtDNA-encoded ND4L gene diverged from the rest of the tested mtDNA-encoded transcripts that are regulated by the same promoter, consistent with post-transcriptional regulation. These findings suggest, for the first time, that the regulation of complex I subunits expression in humans is complex rather than reflecting global co-regulation.
Can Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems Be a Game Changer in Cardiac Disease? (2022)

Cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure have been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than 20 years, and new treatments continue to be investigated. Heart transplantation, a curative treatment for severe cardiac dysfunction, is available to only a small number of patients due to the rarity of donors and high costs. Cardiac regenerative medicine using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is expected to be a new alternative to heart transplantation, but it has problems such as induction of immune response, tumor formation, and low survival rate of transplanted cells. On the other hand, there has been a focus on cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their high biocompatibility and target specificity. Exosomes, one type of EV, play a role in the molecular transport system in vivo and can be considered a drug delivery system (DDS) innate to all living things. Exosomes contain nucleic acids and proteins, which are transported from secretory cells to recipient cells. Molecules in exosomes are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer, which allows them to exist stably in body fluids without being affected by nuclease degradation enzymes. Therefore, the therapeutic use of exosomes as DDSs has been widely explored and is being used in clinical trials and other clinical settings. This review summarizes the current topics of EVs as DDSs in cardiac disease.
Structure, Phase Evolution, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Ag0.5Bi0.5)(Mo0.5W0.5)O4 Ceramic with Ultralow Sintering Temperature (2014)

In the present work, the microwave dielectric ceramic (Ag0.5Bi0.5)(Mo0.5W0.5)O4 was prepared by using the solid-state reaction method. (Ag0.5Bi0.5)(Mo0.5W0.5)O4 was found to crystallize in the scheelite structure, in which Ag(+) and Bi(3+) occupy the A site randomly with 8-coordination while Mo(6+) and W(6+) occupy the B site with 4-coordination, at a sintering temperature above 500 °C, with lattice parameters a = b = 5.29469(2) Å and c = 11.62114(0) Å, space group I4(1)/a (No. 88), and acceptable Rp = 9.38, Rwp = 11.2, and Rexp = 5.86. High-performance microwave dielectric properties, with permittivity ∼26.3, Qf value ∼10,000 GHz, and temperature coefficient ∼+20 ppm/°C, were obtained in the sample sintered at 580 °C. Its chemical compatibility with aluminum at its sintering temperature was revealed and confirmed by both X-ray and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. This ceramic could be a good candidate for ultralow-temperature cofired ceramics.
Acceleration of Radiation Transport Solves Using Artificial Neural Networks (2019)

Discontinuous Finite Element Methods (DFEM) have been widely used for solving $S_n$ radiation transport problems in participative and non-participative media. In the DFEM $S_n$ methodology, the transport equation is discretized into a set of algebraic equations that have to be solved for each spatial cell and angular direction, strictly preserving the following of radiation in the system. At the core of a DFEM solver a small matrix-vector system (of 8 independent equations for tri-linear DFEM in 3D hexehdral cells) has to be assembled and solved for each cell, angle, energy group, and time step. These systems are generally solved by direct Gaussian Elimination. The computational cost of the Gaussian Elimination, repeated for each phase-space cell, amounts to a large fraction to the total compute time. Here, we have designed a Machine Learning algorithm based in a shallow Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to replace that Gaussian Elimination step, enabling a sizeable speed up in the solution process. The key idea is to train an ANN with a large set of solutions of random one-cell transport problems and then to use the trained ANN to replace Gaussian Elimination large scale transport solvers. It has been observed that ANNs decrease the solution times by at least a factor of 4, while introducing mean absolute errors between 1-3 \% in large scale transport solutions.
Evaluation of Carisbamate for the Treatment of Migraine in a Randomized, Double‐Blind Trial (2009)

Carisbamate was not more efficacious in migraine prophylaxis than placebo in this well-controlled study that included a suitable population. However, carisbamate monotherapy was well tolerated at doses up to 600 mg per day.
Scraping Social Media Photos Posted in Kenya and Elsewhere to Detect and Analyze Food Types (2019)

Monitoring population-level changes in diet could be useful for education and for implementing interventions to improve health. Research has shown that data from social media sources can be used for monitoring dietary behavior. We propose a scrape-by-location methodology to create food image datasets from Instagram posts. We used it to collect 3.56 million images over a period of 20 days in March 2019. We also propose a scrape-by-keywords methodology and used it to scrape ~30,000 images and their captions of 38 Kenyan food types. We publish two datasets of 104,000 and 8,174 image/caption pairs, respectively. With the first dataset, Kenya104K, we train a Kenyan Food Classifier, called KenyanFC, to distinguish Kenyan food from non-food images posted in Kenya. We used the second dataset, KenyanFood13, to train a classifier KenyanFTR, short for Kenyan Food Type Recognizer, to recognize 13 popular food types in Kenya. The KenyanFTR is a multimodal deep neural network that can identify 13 types of Kenyan foods using both images and their corresponding captions. Experiments show that the average top-1 accuracy of KenyanFC is 99% over 10,400 tested Instagram images and of KenyanFTR is 81% over 8,174 tested data points. Ablation studies show that three of the 13 food types are particularly difficult to categorize based on image content only and that adding analysis of captions to the image analysis yields a classifier that is 9 percent points more accurate than a classifier that relies only on images. Our food trend analysis revealed that cakes and roasted meats were the most popular foods in photographs on Instagram in Kenya in March 2019.
Ferromagnetic resonance measurement using stroboscopic magneto-optical Kerr effect (2015)

We have developed a novel ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement technique using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The measurement technique uses microwave-frequency, intensity-modulated light to stroboscopically measure the Kerr angle due to the magnetization precession. We demonstrate that this stroboscopic magneto-optical Kerr effect provides a frequency domain and phase sensitive FMR measurement. The measurement is sensitive enough to detect the precessing magnetization with the precession cone angle below 1°.
Magnetotransport in doped manganate perovskites (invited) (abstract) (1997)

Recent progress in oxide perovskite thin-film technology has led to the discovery of a large negative magnetoresistance at room temperature in the doped manganate perovskite thin films. For applications such as magnetic-field sensing, the saturation magnetic field for large magnetoresistance has to be significantly lowered. The magnetic and transport properties of the doped manganates involve a curious magnetic-field scale, on the order of 1–10 T. Upon the application of a field on this scale, the magnetoresistance saturates, and a significant broadening of the temperature-dependent magnetization is seen. An understanding of the materials physics that underlie such behavior can point to new ways of lowering the saturation field in this class of materials. We argue that this characteristic field is suggestive of an inhomogeneous magnetic state in the system. We will discuss the basic phenomena and physics of magnetotransport in this class of materials. We will also report the successful fabrication of a trilayer thin-film pillar structure made using the doped manganate perovskites in which a magnetoresistance change by about a factor of 2 was observed at temperatures below 100 K in a field less than 200 Oe, proving that large magnetoresistance in low field can be obtained in these materials.
Proceedings of the 23rd international configuration workshop (cws/confws2021), Vienna, Austria, from September 16-17, 2021 (2021)

International audience