gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization with dendritic cells breaks immunodominance in CTL responses against minor histocompatibility and synthetic peptide antigens (1999)

We have examined the mechanisms involved in immunodominance in two different experimental models: the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in B6 mice against minor histocompatibility antigens of BALB.B mice, and the response of B6 mice against a mixture of five synthetic peptides corresponding to well-defined immunogenic epitopes. The CTL responses in these models focus on a few dominant epitopes, whereas no or only weak responses can be detected against other subdominant epitopes. Neither of these immunodominance phenomena can be explained by insufficient presentation of subdominant epitopes in the presence of the dominant ones. Immunodominance could also be demonstrated in an in vitro system, in which B6 splenocytes primed with BALB.B could interfere with the CTL response against subdominant antigens. This interference was dependent on CD8+ T cells and on the simultaneous presentation of dominant and subdominant antigens on the same antigen-presenting cell, suggesting T cell competition around the antigen-presenting cell as a potential explanation. The immunodominance in both systems could be broken by immunization with dendritic cells (from BALB.B or from B6 loaded with peptides). This procedure allowed detection of CTL responses against both dominant and previously subdominant antigens.
Cadmium stannate selective optical films for solar energy applications (1975)

Efforts concentrated on reducing the electrical sheet resistance of sputtered cadmium stannate films, installing and testing equipment for spray coating experiments, and sputter deposition of thin cadmium sulfide layers onto cadmium stannate electrodes. In addition, single crystal silicon wafers were coated with cadmium stannate. Work also continued on the development of the backwall CdS solar cell.
Efficient and effective packing and analytical placement for large-scale heterogeneous FPGAs (2014)

As FPGA architecture evolves, complex heterogenous blocks, such as RAMs and DSPs, are widely used to effectively implement various circuit applications. These complex blocks often consist of datapath-intensive circuits, which are not adequately addressed in existing packing and placement algorithms. Besides, scalability has become a first-order metric for modern FPGA design, mainly due to the dramatically increasing design complexity. This paper presents efficient and effective packing and analytical placement algorithms for large-scale heterogeneous FPGAs to deal with issues on heterogeneity, datapath regularity, and scalability. Compared to the well-known academic tool VPR, experimental results show that our packing and placement algorithms achieve respective 199.80X and 3.07X speedups with better wirelength, and our overall flow achieves 50% shorter wirelength, with an 18.30X overall speedup.
Regulation of Erythropoietin-induced STAT Serine Phosphorylation by Distinct Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (2002)

The STAT proteins are a family of latent transcription factors that are activated by a wide variety of cytokines. Upon receptor engagement, STATs become tyrosine phosphorylated, translocate to the nucleus, and induce expression of target genes. In addition to tyrosine phosphorylation, maximal activation of some STAT proteins requires serine phosphorylation within the transactivation domain. Here we focus on STAT phosphorylation after engagement of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R). In Ba/F3-EPO-R cells, EPO induces tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B. Identical regions of the EPO-R couple to both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of each cognate STAT protein. A proximal region of the EPO-R lacking cytoplasmic tyrosines couples to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as ERK and p38(HOG) activation, but not JNK/SAPK. STAT1 serine phosphorylation was perturbed by inhibition of ERK and p38 pathways, whereas only inhibition of ERK activation blocked STAT3 serine phosphorylation in response to EPO. STAT5A/B phosphorylation is downstream of EPO-R Tyr(343), however, STAT5A/B serine phosphorylation is unaffected by either ERK or p38 inhibition. Physiological responses induced by EPO may depend on regulation of serine phosphorylation of the STAT molecules by p38(HOG) and the ERK family of kinases as well as additional serine/threonine kinases.
INTEGRATION OF PV IN NOISE SCREENS (1995)

This article discusses a project in which a photovoltaic (PV) structure of solar panels is integrated in a noise screen along the Dutch A27 state road. In this grid-connected PV system a voltage is generated by sunlight, thus producing electrical energy. Besides this function of energy production the solar panels also have a noise protecting function. A safety barrier is integrated in the noise screen as well. The follwing aspects are discussed: (1) the results of a feasibility study into the integration of PV in noise screens; (2) the design of the screen: (a) design of the screen as a whole; (b) integration with the safety barrier; (c) prevention of vandalism and theft; (d) structure for the integration of the solar panels; and (e) electric design of the PV system; and (3) realization of the project.
[Esophageal fibrovascular polyp: report of 2 cases]. (2000)

Fibrovascular esophageal polyps are benign intraluminal tumors that, although of slow growth, may become large. We describe the features of two cases, diagnosed in our department, and emphasize the endoscopic aspects of the lesion.
Human Arginase II:  Crystal Structure and Physiological Role in Male and Female Sexual Arousal, (2003)

Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. The X-ray crystal structure of a fully active, truncated form of human arginase II complexed with a boronic acid transition state analogue inhibitor has been determined at 2.7 Å resolution. This structure is consistent with the hydrolysis of l-arginine through a metal-activated hydroxide mechanism. Given that human arginase II appears to play a role in regulating l-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase in human penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, the inhibition of human arginase II is a potential new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [Kim, N. N., Cox, J. D., Baggio, R. F., Emig, F. A., Mistry, S., Harper, S. L., Speicher, D. W., Morris, S. M., Ash, D. E., Traish, A. M., and Christianson, D. W. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2678−2688]. Since NO synthase is found in human clitoral corpus cavernosum and vagina, we hypothesized that human arginase II is similarly present in these tissues and functions to regulate l-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase. Accordingly, hemodynamic studies conducted with a boronic acid arginase inhibitor in vivo are summarized, suggesting that the extrahepatic arginase plays a role in both male and female sexual arousal. Therefore, arginase II is a potential target for the treatment of male and female sexual arousal disorders.
Lanthanide-alkali double sulfate precipitation from strong sulfuric acid NiMH battery waste leachate (2017)

In NiMH battery leaching, rare earth element (REE) precipitation from sulfate media is often reported as being a result of increasing pH of the pregnant leach solution (PLS). Here we demonstrate that this precipitation is a phenomenon that depends on both Na<sup>+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> concentrations and not solely on pH. A two-stage leaching for industrially crushed NiMH waste is performed: The first stage consists of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leaching (2 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, L/S = 10.4, V = 104 ml, T = 30 °C) and the second stage of H<sub>2</sub>O leaching (V = 100 ml, T = 25 °C). Moreover, precipitation experiments are separately performed as a function of added Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. During the precipitation, higher than stoichiometric quantities of Na to REE are utilized and this increase in both precipitation reagent concentrations results in an improved double sulfate precipitation efficiency. The best REE precipitation efficiencies (98-99%) - achieved by increasing concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> by 1.59 M and 0.35 M, respectively - results in a 21.8 times Na (as Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and 58.3 times SO<sub>4</sub> change in stoichiometric ratio to REE. Results strongly indicate a straightforward approach for REE recovery from NiMH battery waste without the need to increase the pH of PLS.
Maitotoxin: An Inspiration for Synthesis (2011)

Maitotoxin holds a special place in the annals of natural products chemistry as the largest and most toxic secondary metabolite known to date. Its fascinating, ladder-like, polyether molecular structure and diverse spectrum of biological activities elicited keen interest from chemists and biologists who recognized its uniqueness and potential as a probe and inspiration for research in chemistry and biology. Synthetic studies in the area benefited from methodologies and strategies that were developed as part of chemical synthesis programs directed toward the total synthesis of some of the less complex members of the polyether marine biotoxin class, of which maitotoxin is the flagship. This account focuses on progress made in the authors' laboratories in the synthesis of large maitotoxin domains with emphasis on methodology development, strategy design, and structural comparisons of the synthesized molecules with the corresponding regions of the natural product. The article concludes with an overview of maitotoxin's biological profile and future perspectives.
Co-crystallization of Ionic and Neutral Supramolecular Motifs Derived from Identical Components (2009)

The concept of co-crystallization usually applies to the coexistence of two or more different types of molecule in the same crystal, but at a higher level of complexity it is possible to define a parallel concept where a crystal is composed of two or more recognizably different supramolecular assemblies. We describe the structure of an adduct formed between Dianin’s compound and ethylene diamine. This structure consists of two recognizably different supramolecular assemblies of these components. Furthermore, these two forms have each previously been observed to exist in isolation. Therefore, it is reasonable to make the comparison with conventional co-crystals where two or more compounds that can exist separately form a crystalline adduct (often termed a “molecular complex”).
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to Analyze DNA Binding Sites of HMGA2 (2011)

After quantification of HMGA2 protein in different cell lines the colon cancer derived cell line HCT116 was chosen for further ChIP experiments because of its 3.4-fold higher HMGA2 protein level. 49 DNA fragments were obtained by ChIP. These fragments containing HMGA2 binding sites have been analyzed for their AT-content, location in the human genome and similarities to sequences generated by a SELEX study. The sequences show a significantly higher AT-content than the average of the human genome. The artificially generated SELEX sequences and short BLAST alignments (11 and 12 bp) of the ChIP fragments from living cells show similarities in their organization. The flanking regions are AT-rich, whereas a lower conservation is present in the center of the sequences.
Identification and Characterization of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a Predator of Burkholderia glumae (2004)

Six strains of an obligate predatory bdellovibrio isolate that preys on Burkholderia glumae in rice paddy field water and rhizosphere soil, were identified and characterized. The numbers of Bdellovibrio cells varied from 3.2×10 3 to 9.2×10 3 plaque-forming unit/g after enrichment in cells of B. glumae. Prey range tests with six Bdellovibrio strains and 17 prey strains of rice-pathogenic, antibiosis-related, or nitrogen-fixing bacteria resulted in unique predation patterns in related prey cells. Strain BG282 had the widest prey range on 7 plant pathogenic bacteria among the 17 prey strains tested. However, no predation occurred with strains of Azospirillum brasilense, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, and Serratia marcescens that are associated with antibiosis or nitrogen fixation in the rice ecosystem. Identification was confirmed by the presence of typical bdelloplast in the prey cells of B. glumae and by a PCR assay using B. bacteriovorus-specific primers. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequencing of the six bdellovibrio strains showed a homology range of 97.2% to 99.2% to the type strain of B. bacteriovorus.
Reactogenicity of live-attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccines is dependent on flagellins (2010)

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the motile Gram-negative rod Vibrio cholerae. Live-attenuated V. cholerae vaccines harboring deletions of the genes encoding cholera toxin have great promise for reducing the global burden of cholera. However, development of live vaccines has been hampered by the tendency of such strains to induce noncholeric reactogenic diarrhea in human subjects. The molecular bases of reactogenicity are unknown, but it has been speculated that reactogenic diarrhea is a response to V. cholerae's flagellum and/or the motility that it enables. Here, we used an infant rabbit model of reactogenicity to determine what V. cholerae factors trigger this response. We found that V. cholerae ctx mutants that produced flagellins induced diarrhea, regardless of whether the proteins were assembled into a flagellum or whether the flagellum was functional. In contrast, approximately 90% of rabbits infected with V. cholerae lacking all five flagellin-encoding genes did not develop diarrhea. Thus, flagellin production, independent of flagellum assembly or motility, is sufficient for reactogenicity. The intestinal colonization and intraintestinal localization of the nonreactogenic flagellin-deficient strain were indistinguishable from those of a flagellated motile strain; however, the flagellin-deficient strain stimulated fewer mRNA transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines in the intestine. Thus, reactogenic diarrhea may be a consequence of an innate host inflammatory response to V. cholerae flagellins. Our results suggest a simple genetic blueprint for engineering defined nonreactogenic live-attenuated V. cholerae vaccine strains.
Enhancing Automatic Incident Detection Techniques Through Vehicle To Infrastructure Communication (2008)

One of the fundamental requirements of a traffic management system is the ability to determine when an incident has occurred so that proper responses can be initiated. Automatic incident detection (AID) has been considered a method for quickly detecting potential incidents on the road. Although vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) started mainly for safety applications, surprisingly a very few work have been done in VANETs for automatic incident detection while most of the research went for developing routing protocols and privacy techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel incident detection technique for non dense traffic flow by taking advantage of communication between cars and some roadside infrastructure installed on the road every mile or so. The proposed technique can provide a great enhancement to the existing AID techniques specially under sparse traffic where most of them fail to detect non blocking incidents.
YSAR: a compact, low-cost synthetic aperture radar (2005)

The authors have developed a relatively inexpensive, experimental synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system which can be flown on small aircraft. The entire unit weighs approximately 360 lbs with most of the weight in the battery-power supply. The system cost is kept low by using a simple RF subsystem with an all-digital IF and commercial components for the chirp generation, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing. The system has been successfully operated from a truck and an aircraft and has exhibited a range resolution of 1.5 m and an azimuth resolution of 0.5 m. The system is described and images from the tests are shown.
Absolute Bioavailability of Imatinib (Glivec®) Orally versus Intravenous Infusion (2004)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the absolute bioavailability of a single oral dose of imatinib (Glivec), 400 mg (capsules vs. oral solution), compared with imatinib, 100 mg (intravenous [i.v.] infusion), in healthy subjects. Twelve subjects received a single treatment in each treatment period: a 400-mg oral dose of imatinib in capsule form or as a solution or a 100-mg i.v. infusion of imatinib. Plasma imatinib concentrations were measured following each treatment; pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability were determined. Absolute bioavailability values (compared with i.v. infusion) for the imatinib capsule and oral solution were 98.3% and 97.2%, respectively. Both the rate and extent of imatinib absorption, as measured by C(max), partial AUC, and total AUC, were similar for the oral solution and the imatinib capsule intended for the market. The 400-mg oral dose of imatinib, as a capsule or a solution, was completely absorbed and was almost completely bioavailable (> 97%).
The significance of information after discharge for colorectal cancer surgery–a qualitative study (2015)

This study showed that receiving information was vital when patients tried to regain control in life after colorectal cancer surgery. The information was necessary in order to facilitate and manage the transition from hospital to home, and the need varied between different transitions. Patients needed more information to manage the daily life at home, but also to understand what the cancer disease really meant to them. This suggests a need for patients to participate more actively in the information and the discharge planning.
A calculation of the effect of coaxial superconducting shields on the flux sensitivity of SQUID pick-up coils (1984)

Two methods based on the use of mutual inductance are given for the calculation of the field surrounding a shielded circular loop carrying unit current. Taken in conjunction with a reciprocity theorem of electromagnetism this calculation provides values for the sensitivity of any shielded, elemental coil to changes in flux brought about by changes in the position or the moment of a nearby point dipole. The authors present an exact method to calculate the distribution of shielding currents set up on the inside of the coaxial shield and an approximate image-like method in which the effect of the entire shield is mimicked by a single coil of slightly larger radius than the shield. Detailed numerical comparisons are made both between the two methods and between the calculations and experimental results for a particular shielded coil. The authors demonstrate how the effect of a coaxial shield on the flux sensitivity of SQUID pick-up coils may be calculated and present a table of results for a range of coil-to-shield radius ratios.
Ozone processing of MBE grown of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films (1989)

Results of a new process for producing high-quality thin films of the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconducting oxide are presented. This process uses a reactive ozone vapor at a molar rate commensurate with evaporated metal rates under true UHV conditions. A film exhibiting a superconducting onset at 87 K and zero resistance at 82 K was obtained. It was c-axis oriented and contained no second phases as determined by X-ray diffraction. The failure to produce good films by depositing BaF/sub 2/ rather than barium in this configuration was noted. YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ was formed when diatomic oxygen was used in place of the ozone vapor under nearly identical conditions. The use of pure ozone vapor is the key ingredient in this process, which may be useful in producing thin films of the other high transition temperature compounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Diarylation of o‐Carboranes By Direct Cage B−H Activation (2015)

Abstract Palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular coupling of o ‐carborane with aromatics by direct cage B−H bond activation has been achieved, leading to the synthesis of a series of cage B(4,5)‐diarylated‐ o ‐carboranes in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. Traceless directing group ‐COOH plays a crucial role for site‐ and di‐selectivity of such intermolecular coupling reaction. A Pd II –Pd IV –Pd II catalytic cycle is proposed to be responsible for the stepwise arylation.
Evaluation of arbitrary waveform acoustic signal generation techniques in dispersive waveguides (2015)

In order to generate arbitrary mechanical displacements, i.e. acoustic signals of the microsecond range in dispersive waveguides, different existing signal processing techniques were analyzed and new techniques introduced. The proposed parameter Q was used for the comparison of the arbitrary waveform acoustic signal generation techniques. The arbitrary acoustic signal duration optimization parameter was introduced. The arbitrary waveform acoustic signal generation techniques were applied for the generation of the microsecond range duration acoustic signals.
Direct and indirect flux control of an isolated induction generator (2002)

This work presents an excitation control scheme for an induction generator using a PWM VAr compensator. The operation under variable speed conditions typical in wind drivers, the high performance, supported by the field oriented vector control and the total isolated operation, using a starting-up battery are the main features of this system. The vector control is implemented both in a direct field orientation scheme, using a stator flux observer, and in an indirect scheme, based on the voltage vector. In both methods, a DC voltage controller is used to maintain the necessary DC level in the compensator. The analysis is made by the aid of computer simulation and experimental results obtained from a 2 HP prototype.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>