gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric nanoscaffolds: mediating tendon regeneration through activation of piezoresponsive receptors. (2016)

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Composition and Stability of Anthocyanins in Blue-Grained Wheat (2003)

Wheat grain is recognized as a good source of potentially health-enhancing components such as dietary fiber, phenolics, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Anthocyanins, another group of bioactive compounds, are found in blue and purple wheat grains. In the present study, a blue aleurone spring wheat line "Purendo 38" with relatively high content of total anthocyanins was used to investigate the composition and stability of anthocyanins over three crop years. Commercial cultivars of purple (Konini) and red (Katepwa) wheats were included in the study. Separation of anthocyanins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that each wheat had a distinct anthocyanin profile. Four major anthocyanins were separated from blue wheat extracts as compared to five anthocyanins in purple wheat. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in purple wheat, whereas it was the second major anthocyanin in blue wheat. The predominant anthocyanin in blue wheat, making up approximately 41% of the total anthocyanin content, remains to be structurally unidentified. Blue wheat anthocyanins were thermally most stable at pH 1. Their degradation was slightly lower at pH 3 as compared to pH 5. Increasing the temperature from 65 to 95 degrees C increased degradation of blue wheat anthocyanins. Addition of SO(2) during heating of blue wheat had a stabilizing effect on anthocyanin pigments. The optimal SO(2) concentrations were 500-1000 ppm for whole meals and 1000-3000 ppm for isolated anthocyanins. Further studies are underway to identify and verify individual anthocyanins in blue wheat and their potential end uses.
Paraphrase Identification and Semantic Similarity in Twitter with Simple Features (2015)

Paraphrase Identification and Semantic Similarity are two different yet well related tasks in NLP. There are many studies on these two tasks extensively on structured texts in the past. However, with the strong rise of social media data, studying these tasks on unstructured texts, particularly, social texts in Twitter is very interesting as it could be more complicated problems to deal with. We investigate and find a set of simple features which enables us to achieve very competitive performance on both tasks in Twitter data. Interestingly, we also confirm the significance of using word alignment techniques from evaluation metrics in machine translation in the overall performance of these tasks.
A Bluetooth-Enabled Device for Real-Time Detection of Sitting, Standing, and Walking: Cross-Sectional Validation Study (Preprint) (2023)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> This study assesses the accuracy of a Bluetooth-enabled prototype activity tracker called the Sedentary behaviOR Detector (SORD) device in identifying sedentary, standing, and walking behaviors in a group of adult participants. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The primary objective of this study was to determine the criterion and convergent validity of SORD against direct observation and activPAL. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> A total of 15 healthy adults wore SORD and activPAL devices on their thighs while engaging in activities (lying, reclining, sitting, standing, and walking). Direct observation was facilitated with cameras. Algorithms were developed using the Python programming language. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess the level of agreement. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Overall, 1 model generated a low level of bias and high precision for SORD. In this model, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were all above 0.95 for detecting sitting, reclining, standing, and walking. Bland-Altman results showed that mean biases between SORD and direct observation were 0.3% for sitting and reclining (limits of agreement [LoA]=–0.3% to 0.9%), 1.19% for standing (LoA=–1.5% to 3.42%), and –4.71% for walking (LoA=–9.26% to –0.16%). The mean biases between SORD and activPAL were –3.45% for sitting and reclining (LoA=–11.59% to 4.68%), 7.45% for standing (LoA=–5.04% to 19.95%), and –5.40% for walking (LoA=–11.44% to 0.64%). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Results suggest that SORD is a valid device for detecting sitting, standing, and walking, which was demonstrated by excellent accuracy compared to direct observation. SORD offers promise for future inclusion in theory-based, real-time, and adaptive interventions to encourage physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior. </sec>
Measurement of salivary cotinine with the Abbott TDx (1994)

Journal Article Measurement of salivary cotinine with the Abbott TDx Get access D L Colbert, D L Colbert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M R Holmes M R Holmes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Pages 843–844, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.5.843 Published: 01 May 1994
Klf1 Affects DNase II-Alpha Expression in the Central Macrophage of a Fetal Liver Erythroblastic Island: a Non-Cell-Autonomous Role in Definitive Erythropoiesis (2011)

A key regulatory gene in definitive erythropoiesis is the erythroid Kruppel-like factor (Eklf or Klf1). Klf1 knockout (KO) mice die in utero due to severe anemia, while residual circulating red blood cells retain their nuclei. Dnase2a is another critical gene in definitive erythropoiesis. Dnase2a KO mice are also affected by severe anemia and die in utero. DNase II-alpha is expressed in the central macrophage of erythroblastic islands (CMEIs) of murine fetal liver. Its main role is to digest the DNA of the extruded nuclei of red blood cells during maturation. Circulating erythrocytes retain their nuclei in Dnase2a KO mice. Here, we show that Klf1 is expressed in CMEIs and that it binds and activates the promoter of Dnase2a. We further show that Dnase2a is severely downregulated in the Klf1 KO fetal liver. We propose that this downregulation of Dnase2a in the CMEI contributes to the Klf1 KO phenotype by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism.
High-Gain Dielectric-Loaded Vivaldi Antenna for $K_{a}$ -Band Applications (2016)

In this letter, a novel concept of a high-gain Vivaldi antenna operating in the K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> frequency band is proposed. The antenna is fed by the substrate integrated waveguide. The concept overcomes shortcomings of conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna using dielectric load with printed metal transition and transverse ripples. The added parts are optimized to obtain a wideband high-gain antenna with low cross polarization. The fabricated antenna shows very good performance over the entire K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> band where the measured gain is more than 10.5 dBi.
Characterization of the Ligand Binding Functionality of the Extracellular Domain of Activin Receptor Type IIB (2010)

The single transmembrane domain serine/threonine kinase activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) has been proposed to bind key regulators of skeletal muscle mass development, including the ligands GDF-8 (myostatin) and GDF-11 (BMP-11). Here we provide a detailed kinetic characterization of ActRIIB binding to several low and high affinity ligands using a soluble activin receptor type IIB-Fc chimera (ActRIIB.Fc). We show that both GDF-8 and GDF-11 bind the extracellular domain of ActRIIB with affinities comparable with those of activin A, a known high affinity ActRIIB ligand, whereas BMP-2 and BMP-7 affinities for ActRIIB are at least 100-fold lower. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that ActRIIB binds GDF-11 and activin A in different ways such as, for example, substitutions in ActRIIB Leu(79) effectively abolish ActRIIB binding to activin A yet not to GDF-11. Native ActRIIB has four isoforms that differ in the length of the C-terminal portion of their extracellular domains. We demonstrate that the C terminus of the ActRIIB extracellular domain is crucial for maintaining biological activity of the ActRIIB.Fc receptor chimera. In addition, we show that glycosylation of ActRIIB is not required for binding to activin A or GDF-11. Together, our findings reveal binding specificity and activity determinants of the ActRIIB receptor that combine to effect specificity in the activation of distinct signaling pathways.
Presenilin-1 Mutation L271V Results in Altered Exon 8 Splicing and Alzheimer's Disease with Non-cored Plaques and No Neuritic Dystrophy (2003)

The mutation L271V in exon 8 of the presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene was detected in an Alzheimer's disease pedigree. Neuropathological examination of affected individuals identified variant, large, non-cored plaques without neuritic dystrophy, reminiscent of cotton wool plaques. Biochemical analysis of L271V mutation showed that it increased secretion of the 42-amino acid amyloid-beta peptide, suggesting a pathogenic mutation. Analysis of PS-1 transcripts from the brains of two mutation carriers revealed a 17-50% increase in PS-1 transcripts with deletion of exon 8 (PS-1deltaexon8) compared with unrelated Alzheimer's disease brains. Exon trapping analysis confirmed that L271V mutation enhanced the deletion of exon 8. Western blots of brain lysates indicated that PS-1deltaexon8 was overexpressed in an affected individual. Biochemical analysis of PS-1deltaexon8 in COS and BD8 cells indicate the splice isoform is not intrinsically active but interacts with wild-type PS-1 to generate amyloid-beta. Western blots of cell lysates immunoprecipitated with anti-Tau or anti-GSK-3beta antibodies indicated that PS-1deltaexon8, unlike wild-type PS-1, does not interact directly with Tau or GSK-3beta, potential modifiers of neuritic dystrophy. We postulate that variant plaques observed in this family are due in part to the effects of PS-1deltaexon8 and that interaction between PS-1 and various protein complexes are necessary for neuritic plaque formation.
Non-triglyceride structuring of edible oils and emulsions (2010)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C 32 H 40 Ca 4 N 8 O 36 S 2 , determinated at 293 K. The structure contains Alkali Earth Metal, Ca, and acesulfam ring. The crystal that is two dimension coordination polymer contain three intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but no signification intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The structure consists of sheets in the bc plane. The crystal structure with acesulfam ring and Ca ion is first polymeric structure.
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) (2009)

This document specifies the Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) for communications between a Path Computation Client (PCC) and a PCE, or between two PCEs. Such interactions include path computation requests and path computation replies as well as notifications of specific states related to the use of a PCE in the context of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering. PCEP is designed to be flexible and extensible so as to easily allow for the addition of further messages and objects, should further requirements be expressed in the future.
A Ferroelectric Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (2018)

Ferroelectric field-effect transistors employ a ferroelectric material as a gate insulator, the polarization state of which can be detected using the channel conductance of the device. As a result, the devices are of potential to use in non-volatile memory technology, but suffer from short retention times, which limits their wider application. Here we report a ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistor in which a two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor, indium selenide (α-In2Se3), is used as the channel material in the device. α-In2Se3 was chosen due to its appropriate bandgap, room temperature ferroelectricity, ability to maintain ferroelectricity down to a few atomic layers, and potential for large-area growth. A passivation method based on the atomic-layer deposition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was developed to protect and enhance the performance of the transistors. With 15-nm-thick hafnium oxide (HfO2) as a scaled gate dielectric, the resulting devices offer high performance with a large memory window, a high on/off ratio of over 108, a maximum on-current of 862 μA μm-1, and a low supply voltage.
A Reconsideration of the Design of the Modified McMurray Inverter Circuit (1982)

When a ``modified'' McMurray inverter is used to drive 400-V cage induction machines from a nominal 560-V dc supply using pulsewidth modulation techniques, the voltage stresses the thyristor elements must withstand become severe. With a view to predicting these stresses accurately, the analysis of the inverter commutation interval-and the implementation in practice of commutation circuitry-is reviewed. Some consideration is also given to the energy losses in this circuitry. Generally, ``snubber'' networks must be incorporated in the inverter to limit the rate of reapplication of voltage stress to the thyristors. It is demonstrated that conventional theory is not applicable directly to the design of networks for these inverters; the constraints on network design are discussed and illustrated. Consideration is also given to the selection of the thyristor devices, and the effect on the inverter as a whole of the timing of the ``main'' thyristor switching instants is briefly investigated. The discussion is supported by computer simulation and clarified with reference to specific numerical examples. Some experimental measurements are also provided.
APPROXIMATE-a query processor that produces monotonically improving approximate answers (1993)

APPROXIMATE, a query processor that makes approximate answers available if part of the database is unavailable, or if there is not enough time to produce an exact answer, is described. The processor implements approximate query processing, and the accuracy of the approximate result produced improves monotonically with the amount of data retrieved to produce the result. The monotone query processing algorithm of APPROXIMATE works within a standard relational algebra framework. APPROXIMATE maintains semantic information for approximate query processing at an underlying level, and can be implemented on a relational database system with little change to the relational architecture. It is shown how APPROXIMATE is implemented to make effective use of the semantic support. The additional overhead required by APPROXIMATE is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel small-molecule chaperones to overcome opsin misfolding, mistrafficking and aggregation in retinal blinding diseases (2019)

Purpose : Opsin misfolding and its incorrect trafficking represent the main biomolecular causes of photoreceptor death leading to retinal degeneration in Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) and Retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study aims to develop novel small-molecule chaperones binding opsin in order to promote its proper folding and trafficking to the membrane with consequent reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by protein accumulation that leads to cell death.&#13;&#13;Methods : Small-molecule chaperon candidates were identified through in silico studies of the retinal-binding pocket based on the available opsin crystal structures and subsequently purchased or synthetized in-house. The compounds ability to bind wild-type opsin isolated from bovine eyes was evaluated through competitive binding assay by measuring via spectrophotometer the rate of formation of isorhodopsin in presence of 9-cis-retinal and the compounds in comparison to 9-cis-retinal alone. The compound ability to rescue opsin trafficking and proper subcellular localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy in a cell-based model expressing P23H mutant human opsin – an intrinsically instable mutant previously demonstrated to be accumulated in the ER and partially rescued by 9-cis-retinal.&#13;&#13;Results : 20 opsin-binding candidates were selected based on the structure-based virtual screening of a commercially available compound library, and further 55 novel chemical entities have been rationally designed to improve binding site occupancy and subsequently synthetized. The competitive binding test on a total of 67 compounds has revealed that multiple small molecules were able to decrease the rate of isorhodopsin formation by over 10%. Furthermore, multiple compounds visibly improved P23H mutant opsin proper localization on the cell surface reducing the opsin accumulation in the ER observed in the vehicle control.&#13;&#13;Conclusions : This work has led to the design, synthesis and identification of novel opsin-binding small molecules that improve opsin correct localization in cell-based model and could serve as a strategy to prevent photoreceptor death in opsin-related blinding diseases. Additional confirmation of these results is needed and the synthesis and development of further chaperone candidates is ongoing.
P3‐277: IVIg treatment in Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease: Potential disease delaying effect (2010)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has shown treatment efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a 6-month trial of 5 patients, in an 18-month, open-label trial of 8 patients, and in a retrospective study of 10 patients. In two retrospective analyses_one in the USA and one in Sweden_patients treated with IVIG for autoimmune disorders had reduced risk of developing dementia or AD. In the present study, we evaluated treatment efficacy of IVIG for a series of AD and Lewy body disease (LBD) patients treated for up to 55 months. Patient with AD (n = 13) and with LBD (n = 4) received IVIg for an average of 26.4 (std. = 16.8) and 15.6 (std. = 17.2) months. All patients were treated with cholinesterase inhibitors and/or memantine before and during IVIG. The primary functional and cognitive measures were the Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST) and the MCI Screen (MCIS). Other measures included ADAS-Cog, MMSE, NPI, ADL, CGIC, ApoE genotype, plus baseline and endpoint CSF Tau and Ab42 levels when data were available. Compared to the expected, untreated duration for each FAST stage, IVIg treatment delayed FAST stage progression by an average of 30.7 (std. = 23.8) and 6.6 (std. = 18.2) months for AD and LBD patients respectively. This disease-delaying effect was greater when IVIG was started in earlier AD stages (FAST = 4,5), and was not related to ApoE genotype. Cognitively, the MCIS showed that IVIG slowed rate of decline, especially for AD patients. This study suggests that IVIG has a disease-delaying effect for AD and LBD, particularly when started in milder stages. A mechanistic hypothesis for delaying AD and LBD progression is the binding of IgG to abnormally folded proteins of oligomeric beta amyloid in AD, and alpha synuclein in LBD. More sophisticated analytical methods are being used to evaluate potential confounding influences on these results.
Simulations of Ferroelectric Characteristics Using a One-Dimensional Lattice Model (1991)

Simulations of ferroelectric characteristics have been carried out using a one-dimensional model of polarization reversal in ferroelectrics in which latent nuclei are randomly distributed. Characteristics studied include pulse response, P-e hysteresis loops, differential electric susceptibility versus applied field (d P /d e-e curves) and switching current versus applied field ( i-e curves) in ferroelectrics. Results of simulations show that P-e hysteresis loops, d P /d e-e curves and i-e curves depend on the viscosity which causes the delay in motion of the individual dipole moment, the interaction between neighboring atoms and the applied field.
Use of Albumin as a Volume Expander (1991)

In some hospitals, albumin products account for 10% of the pharmaceutical budget. As much as 60% of these prescriptions are empiric, and from 40 to 70% of albumin that is administered is given for inappropriate reasons. Although the reasons for albumin administration vary, prevention or reversal of hypovolemia is part of the reason in the majority of cases.
Computerized Insulin Infusion Programs Are Safe and Effective in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (2011)

Glucose control has repeatedly been shown to influence favorable outcomes in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Intensive insulin therapy has recently been associated with reduced infections complications in burn patients. However, traditional protocols are associated with rates of severe hypoglycemia as high as 19%. Two commercial computer glucose control programs have reported rates of severe hypoglycemia (glucose <50 mg/dl) of 0.6 and 0.4%. Recently, the authors' burn ICU adopted an intensive insulin computer-based protocol created at their institution and already successfully in use in their surgical ICU. The authors hypothesized that their protocol can be used effectively in the burn patient population without an increase risk of severe hypoglycemia. All patients admitted to the burn ICU have blood glucose (BG) values checked routinely. With two consecutive hyperglycemic values >200 mg/dl, patients are placed on a computer-based protocol intravenous insulin drip. Once initiated, BGs are tested hourly with adjustments made according to the computer protocol. Values recorded from January to December 2008 were abstracted from the database and analyzed. Thirty-one patients were treated using the computer glucose control protocol and 12,699 measurements were performed. There were eight measurements <50 mg/dl (0.07%). Seventy-six percent of values were within the target range of 90 to 150 mg/dl. Few patients had severe hyperglycemia with BG >300 mg/dl (0.2%). There were no adverse events associated with the hypoglycemic episode. The computer-based protocol is more effective than those previously used at the institution and provides safe, reliable results in the burn patients.
Structure of the human frataxin-bound iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex provides insight into its activation mechanism (2019)

Abstract Iron-sulfur clusters (ISC) are essential in all life forms and carry out many crucial cellular functions. The core machinery for de novo ISC biosynthesis, located in the mitochondria matrix, is a five-protein complex containing the cysteine desulfurase NFS1 that is activated by frataxin (FXN), scaffold protein ISCU, accessory protein ISD11, and acyl-carrier protein ACP. Deficiency in FXN leads to the loss-of-function neurodegenerative disorder Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). Recently crystal structures depicting the inactive 3- and 4-way sub-complexes of the ISC biosynthesis machinery, lacking the key activator FXN, have been determined. Here, the 3.2 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the FXN-bound active human complex, containing two copies of the NFS1-ISD11-ACP-ISCU-FXN hetero-pentamer, delineates for the first time in any organism the interactions of FXN with the component proteins. FXN binds at the interface of two NFS1 and one ISCU subunits, modifying the local environment of a bound zinc ion that would otherwise inhibit NFS1 activity in complexes without FXN. Our structure sheds light on how FXN facilitates ISC production through unlocking the zinc inhibition and stabilizing key loop conformations of NFS1 and ISCU at the protein-protein interfaces, and offers an explanation of how FRDA clinical mutations affect complex formation and FXN activation.