gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-to-End Radiographic Systems Simulation (1999)

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objective of this project was to develop a validated end-to-end radiographic model that could be applied to both x-rays and protons. The specific objectives were to link hydrodynamic, transport, and magneto-hydrodynamic simulation software for purposes of modeling radiographic systems. In addition, optimization and analysis algorithms were to be developed to validate physical models and optimize the design of radiographic facilities.
Prehospital Pharmacotherapy in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. (2023)

Effective interventions for treating moderate or severe TBI are lacking. TXA is the most widely studied pharmacologic intervention and appears to offer some benefit without adverse effects in moderate TBI (with or without intracranial hemorrhage) in the pre-hospital setting despite heterogeneous results. Limitations of these studies include heterogeneity in outcome metrics, patient populations, and circumstances of TXA use. We identified a gap in the literature in translating agents with demonstrated inpatient benefit to the prehospital setting. Further investigation into these and other novel therapeutic options in the prehospital arena is crucial to improving clinical outcomes in TBI.
Abstract 18776: Endothelial Function is Not Affected by Fresh or Storage-Aged Autologous Blood Transfusions in Healthy Individuals (2013)

Background: Red cells play a modulating role in nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling and hypoxic vasodilation that may be influenced by blood transfusions, particularly with storage-aged blood (pRBCs). We have shown that brachial artery endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) is adversely affected in patients receiving aged compared to fresh pRBCs. Here we investigated endothelial NO activity in healthy subjects receiving autologous pRBCs with the hypothesis that aged pRBCs will impair endothelial conductance vessel and microvascular function. Methods: Sixteen healthy participants (aged 31±10 years, 38% female) were transfused 1 unit of fresh (aged 3-7 days) and subsequently with storage-aged (35-42 days) autologous pRBCs. Endothelial function was measured using FMD and reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of microvascular function, was measured using pulsatile arterial tonometry (Itamar Inc., n=7), before, 1 hour, and 24 hours after transfusion. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Hemoglobin was similar before both transfusions (p=0.066) and increased by 1.02±1.0 g/dL (±SD) and 1.2±1.2 g/dL with fresh and storage-aged transfusions, respectively. The FMD before, 1 hr and 24 hr after transfusion of fresh pRBCs (7.8±6.9%, 8.2±4.8% and 6.9±4.3%) or stored pRBCs (7.1±5.5%, 7.4±4.7% and 8.5±4.9%) was similar,( p=0.45). The RHI before, 1 hr and 24 hr after transfusion of fresh pRBCs ( 2.45±0.23, 2.26±0.08 and 2.26±0.21) showed no significant changes, p=0.87 or stored pRBCs ( 2.25±0.67, 2.27±0.53 and 2.22±0.26, p=0.42). Conclusions: Vascular NO activity and microvascular dilatory capacity are not impaired by transfusion of fresh or storage-aged autologous pRBC in healthy individuals, unlike findings with allogeneic transfusions in patients. These differences suggest that the risks of aged blood transfusions are likely to be greater in patients with vascular disease who have underlying endothelial dysfunction.
Further developments in modeling digital control systems with MA-prefiltered measurements (1989)

State variable representations are presented for a continuous-time plant driven by a zero-order-hold with multirate-sampled measurements prefiltered by multi-input/multi-output moving average (MA) processes. These representations have broad application, but are known to be useful in the aerospace field for modeling systems with star trackers and some state-of-the-art rate-gyroscopes and accelerometers.
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (2009)

Previous studies have shown that Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) exhibit triacylglycerol (TAG) lowering effect in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating the Sterol Regulating Element Binding Protein (SREBP-1c) and reducing the expression levels of lipogenic genes. However, there is no evidence on the effect of Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) on SREBP-1c expression levels. DPA is a long chain n-3 fatty acid present in our diet through fish, red meat and milk of ruminant animals. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effect of DPA on liver fatty acid synthesis in an in vitro model using rat liver cells. Our results suggested that DPA incubation (50 mM) for 48 h (like EPA and DHA) caused a significant decrease in the mRNA expression levels of SREBP-1c, 3-Hydroxy-3Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (ACC-1) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FASn) compared with Oleic Acid (OA) and also a decrease in the protein levels of SREBP-1 and ACC-1. A time-course fatty acid analysis showed that DPA and EPA are interconvertable in the cells; however, after 8 h of incubation with DPA, the cell phospholipids contained mainly DPA. The gene expression profiling of the lipogenic genes repeated at 8 h confirmed that the inhibitory effect of DPA on mRNA expression levels of the lipogenic genes was most likely due to DPA itself and not due to its conversion into EPA. & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sponge iron production using petroleum coke by-produced in heavy oil thermal cracking. (1984)

The KKI process is a new combination process to produce lighter oil from vacuum residual oil (VR) by thermal cracking and simultaneously to reduce iron ore to sponge iron with deposited carbon as reductant.VR is cracked thermally to lighter oil in a fluidized bed reactor with fine iron ore as fluidized medium. The cracked oil is withdrawn from the reactor for treatment to petroleum products in usual fashion.Iron ore is covered with by-product coke in the reactor. The iron ore covered with coke is withdrawn continuously from the reactor and subsequently reduced easily to sponge iron in the reduction furnace.Two types of reduction system are employed and these are selected in proportion to sulfur content in the VR. For low sulfur VR, a rotary kiln is used and for high sulfur VR, a fluidized bed reduction furnace is used.According to the results of experiments using pilot plants for thermal cracking, rotary kiln reduction and fluidized bed reduction, the yield of petroleum products was almost equal to that of conventional thermal cracking processes and sponge iron briquettes with reduction degree more than 92% was effectievely produced by rotary kiln. Even if a high sulfur VR was used, sponge iron with low sulfur less than 0.05% and reduction degree higher than 95% was obtained by fluidized bed reduction.
Dual-core optofluidic chip for independent particle detection and tunable spectral filtering (2012)

We present the first integration of fluidically tunable filters with a separate particle detection channel on a single planar, optofluidic chip. Two optically connected, but fluidically isolated liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) segments serve as analyte and spectral filter sections, respectively. Ultrasensitive detection of fluorescent nanobeads with high signal-to-noise ratio provided by a fluidically tuned excitation notch filter is demonstrated. In addition, reconfigurable filter response is demonstrated using both core index tuning and bulk liquid tuning. Notch filters with 43 dB rejection ratio and a record 90 nm tuning range are implemented by using different mixtures of ethylene glycol and water in the filter section. Moreover, absorber dyes and liquids with pH-dependent transmission in the filter channel provide additional spectral control independent of the waveguide response. Using both core index and pH control, independent filter tuning at multiple wavelengths is demonstrated for the first time. This extensive on-chip control over spectral filtering as one of the fundamental components of optical particle detection techniques offers significant advantages in terms of compactness, cost, and simplicity, and opens new opportunities for waveguide-based optofluidic analysis systems.
Effectiveness of Commonly Used Contact Lens Disinfectants Against SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

Disinfectant solutions effectively disinfect CLs from SARS-CoV-2 if manufacturer's instructions are followed. The rub-and-rinse regimen is mainly responsible for disinfection. The viability PCR may be useful to indicate potential infectiousness.
100 HLA-identical Sibling Transplants (1979)

Analysis of 100 patients receiving HLA identical sibling transplants was performed. Excellent graft survival demonstrated in the group attests to the importance of matching serological determined antigens. There seems to be a modest beneficial effect on antilymphoblast globulin in low dosage, but not in high doses. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus results in a significant negative influence on patient survival and graft function in the male recipient but not in the female. A particularly striking point that emerges is the potential hazard in incorrectly treating for rejection. Rejection occurs very rarely in these patients; in a patient with deteriorating renal function, etiologies other than rejection should be vigorously sought (including transcutaneous biopsy) prior to initiation of rejection therapy.
Simulating an Autonomously Operating Low-Cost Static Terrestrial LiDAR for Multitemporal Maize Crop Height Measurements (2016)

In order to optimize agricultural processes, near real-time spatial information about in-field variations, such as crop height development (i.e., changes over time), is indispensable. This development can be captured with a LiDAR system. However, its applicability in precision agriculture is often hindered due to high costs and unstandardized processing methods. This study investigates the potential of an autonomously operating low-cost static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) for multitemporal height monitoring of maize crops. A low-cost system is simulated by artificially reducing the point density of data captured during eight different campaigns. The data were used to derive and assess crop height models (CHM). Results show that heights calculated with CHM based on the unreduced point cloud are accurate when compared to manually measured heights (mean deviation = 0.02 m, standard deviation = 0.15 m, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.16 m). When reducing the point cloud to 2% of its original size to simulate a low-cost system, this difference increases (mean deviation = 0.12 m, standard deviation = 0.19 m, RMSE = 0.22 m). We found that applying the simulated low-cost TLS system in precision agriculture is possible with acceptable accuracy up to an angular scan resolution of 8 mrad (i.e., point spacing of 80 mm at 10 m distance). General guidelines for the measurement set-up and an automatically executable method for CHM generation and assessment are provided and deserve consideration in further studies.
Ultrasounds in Bubbly Liquids: Unidirectional Propagation and Switch (2015)

The presence of oscillating gas bubbles in a liquid generates attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinearity. We take advantage of these effects to set the theoretical basis for two new devices. An acoustic diode that blocks the propagation of ultrasonic waves in one direction and let them pass in the other direction is proposed. The system is based on two adjacent layers made up of two bubbly liquids of different bubble sizes. This acoustic diode is an alternative system to other devices previously proposed by other groups and that rely on periodical structures (sonic crystals, metal plates). An acoustic switch that allows the control (switch-on or switch-off) of the propagation of the main ultrasonic wave by means of a secondary ultrasonic field able to generate a cavitation field (at low or high ultrasonic frequency) is also presented. This system is an alternative to an acoustic switch set previously by our group. The theoretical design of both structures relies on experimental observations and numerical simulations.
Bandwidth improvement in a tile based spatial power amplifier (2003)

In this paper, an enhanced bandwidth tile-based spatial power-combining array structure based on a perpendicularly-fed antenna is given. This structure has the advantage of a minimal interaction between the radiated fields and the active devices. Additionally, increased stability is provided, while delivering a robust and reliable design. Dielectrically filled miniature horn arrays were employed for both the receiving and transmitting radiating elements of this 5/spl times/5 amplifier array. A peak gain of 15.8 dB at 9.9 GHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 13% were measured. Gain, bandwidth and power measurements are consistent with simulation predictions.
Efficient tag-to-tag near field communication (NFC) protocol for secure mobile payment (2011)

Communication between the near field communication (NFC) devices occurs in a very close distance of less than 10 cm. In the NFC-based payment system, close proximity between devices will increase the security of transactions. The disadvantage is the interaction between devices requires more physical activity of device owners because the device must be brought near to other devices some times. Besides requiring more physical activity, NFC-based interaction also takes a longer time because the device needs to be moved from one position to another. This paper proposed Secure and efficient protocol that will reduce the physical activity of the device owners and reducing transaction time. The data sending between merchant and payer will be executed without waiting for each other and one transaction will require two data transmissions are performed by the merchant and payer. Transactions are secured by the use of encryption on each data which sent by the merchant and payer. In addition, the protocol also guarantees the security of offline micro transactions and online macros transactions.
Immobilization of Nanobodies with Vapor-Deposited Polymer Encapsulation for Robust Biosensors (2021)

To produce next-generation, shelf-stable biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics, a combination of rugged biomolecular recognition elements, efficient encapsulants and innocuous deposition approaches are needed. Furthermore, to ensure that the sensitivity and specificity that is inherent to biological recognition elements is maintained in solid-state biosensing systems, site-specific immobilization chemistries must be invoked such that the function of the biomolecule remains unperturbed. In this work, we present a widely-applicable strategy to develop robust solid-state biosensors using emergent nanobody (Nb) recognition elements coupled with a vapor-deposited polymer encapsulation layer. As compared to conventional immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, Nbs are smaller (12-15 kDa as opposed to ~150 kDa), have higher thermal stability and pH tolerance, boast greater ease of recombinant production, and are capable of binding antigens with high affinity and specificity. Photoinitiated chemical vapor deposition (piCVD) affords thin, protective polymer barrier layers over immobilized Nb arrays that allow for retention of Nb activity and specificity after both storage under ambient conditions and complete desiccation. Most importantly, we also demonstrate that vapor-deposited polymer encapsulation of nanobody arrays enables specific detection of target proteins in complex heterogenous samples, such as unpurified cell lysate, which is otherwise challenging to achieve with bare Nb arrays.
A Multi-Channel Device for Respiratory Sound Data Acquisition and Transient Detection (2005)

In this study, a multi-channel analog data acquisition and processing device with the additional feature of detecting adventitious sounds has been designed and implemented. The overall system consists of fourteen microphones attached on the backside, an airflow measuring unit, a fifteen-channel amplifier and filter unit connected to a personal computer (PC) via a data acquisition (DAQ) card, and an interface and adventitious sound detection program prepared using LabVIEW (6.0, National Instruments) and MATLAB (7.0.1, MathWorks). The system records the fourteen-channel respiratory sound data at the posterior chest wall and in addition measures the air flow to synchronize the pulmonary signal on the respiration cycle. Respiratory data are amplified and band-pass filtered, whereas flow signal is only low-pass filtered since it is a low-frequency signal with sufficiently high amplitude. All data are sent to a PC to be digitized by DAQ card, then to be processed and stored. An algorithm based on wavelet decomposition is developed which detects the adventitious pulmonary sounds, mainly the crackles and wheezes. This system is intended to be used for mapping the pulmonary sounds and detecting and locating the adventitious pulmonary sounds.
A spruce budworm mating bias in two‐component pheromone environments (1987)

Abstract The occurrence of mating by moths of the female spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), was independent of body size except when high titers of the ♀ primary sex pheromome components (95:5 E/Z 11‐tetradecenal) were present. Adult size was indexed by forewing length which was significantly correlated with fresh pupal weight (and was previously known to be correlated with adult body weight and potential female fecundity). In clean air, mean winglengths of mated and unmated females were not significantly different. The presence of increasing pheromone dosages caused a reduced incidence of mating but mating was never eliminated (Ponder et al. , 1986). Here, we report that coincident with this mating reduction was a significant trend for an increase in the mean winglengths of the mated female category. In a second experiment ♂♂ and ♀♀ were examined simultaneously and we verified that a large‐female mating advantage occurred in the pheromone treatments but not in the controls. No size‐related ♂ mating advantage was found in the treatments or the controls. Moths recovered from a field trial in large cages lasting 3 days also showed that a mating bias of the large ♀♀ only occurred in the treatment cage. Résumé Biais introduit dans les accouplements de Choristoneura fumiferana en présence de phéromone sexuelle femelle à deux composantes Les accouplements de C. fumiferana ne dépendent pas de la taille de l'insecte, sauf quand il y a une forte concentration en 95:5 E/Z 11‐tétradécénal, composés de la phéromone sexuelle primaire femelle. La taille de l'adulte est exprimée par la longueur de l'aile antérieure, significativement liée au poids frais des chrysalides (connu comme corrélé avec le poids du corps des adultes et avec la fécondité des femelles). En plain air, il n'y a pas de différences significatives entre la longueur moyenne de l'aile antérieure des femelles vierges ou inséminées. L'augmentation de la teneur en phéromone réduit la fréquence des accouplements sans jamais les éliminer (Ponder &amp; all, 1986). Nous avons observé parallèlement à cette réduction des accouplements une tendance significative à lélongation de la longueur des ailes antérieures des femelles ayant copulé. Dans und seconde expérience, où mâles et femelles ont été examinés simultanément, nous avons eu confirmation d'un avantage sexual pour les plus grosses femelles en présence de phéromones, mais non dans les lots témoins. Chez les mâles, il n'y a eu aucun avantage sexual lié à la taille. Dans les expériences de 3 jours en grandes à l'extérieur, nous avond observé un avantage sexual pour les plus grosses femelles dans les cages traitées aux phéromones.
Packaging of large and low-pitch size 2D ultrasonic transducer arrays (2010)

The successful packaging and electronics integration of large 2D array devices with small pitch-sizes, such as fully populated 2D ultrasonic transducer arrays, require a flexible, simple, and reliable integration approach. One example for such electronics integration is based on through silicon vias (TSVs) with under-bump metallization (UBM) stack for solder bumping. In this paper, we demonstrate such an approach by successfully integrating a fully populated 2D ultrasonic transducer array. Our integration is based on a previously reported TSV technology (trench-frame technology), based on trench-isolated interconnects with supporting frame. We successfully combined the trench-frame technology with a simple UBM preparation technique - electro plating or chemical plating techniques with passivation layers for UBM pad definition are not required. Our results show high shear strength (26.5 g) of the UBM, which is essential for successful flip-chip bonding. The yield of the interconnections is 100% with excellent solder-ball-height uniformity (¿ = 0.9 ¿m). As demonstrated in this paper, this allows for a large-scale assembly of a tiled array by using an interposer. A design guideline for finer element-pitch design was developed suggesting that fusion bonding strength and the length of pillars are the main design parameters.
Microbiological Etiology and Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients in a Population-Based Study (2017)

These observations suggest that diabetics without DFI are not different in the causative agents of cSSSI, although they are more exposed to antimicrobial therapy of inappropriate extended spectrum and long duration. Broad-spectrum coverage was clearly needed only in DFI. A clear opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship was detected in the rapidly growing population of diabetic patients with cSSSI.
Relative power consumption at the electrode-retina interface during retinal stimulation with voltage versus current controlled stimulus pulses (2016)

The purpose of this study is to compare power consumed at the electrode-retina interface between rectangular current controlled and voltage controlled stimulus pulses.