gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of bioactivated aflatoxin B1 in human lung: differential cellular distribution and lack of significance of the GSTM1 genetic polymorphism (1999)

Epidemiological studies suggest that aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), a mycotoxin produced by certain Aspergillus species, may play a role in human respiratory cancers in occupationally-exposed individuals. AFB(1) requires bioactivation to the corresponding exo-8,9-epoxide for carcinogenicity, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of the epoxide with glutathione (GSH) is a critical determinant of susceptibility to AFB(1). Of the purified human GST enzymes studied, the polymorphic hGSTM1-1 has the highest activity towards AFB(1) exo-epoxide. The influence of the GSTM1 polymorphism on AFB(1)-GSH formation, as well as the abilities of cytosols from preparations enriched in different isolated lung cell types to conjugate AFB(1)-epoxides, were examined. In whole-lung cytosols from patients undergoing clinically indicated lobectomy, GSTM1 genotype correlated with GSTM1 phenotype as determined by [(3)H]trans-stilbene oxide conjugation: GSTM1-positive = 295 +/- 31 pmol/mg/h (n = 6); GSTM1-negative = 92.8 +/- 23.3 pmol/mg/h (n = 4) (P < 0.05). In contrast, conjugation of microsome-generated [(3)H]AFB(1)-epoxides with GSH was low and variable between patients, and did not correlate with GSTM1 genotype: GSTM1-positive = 11.9 +/- 8.1, 111 +/- 66 and 510 +/- 248 fmol/mg/h (n = 6); GSTM1-negative = 15.3 +/- 16.7, 167 +/- 225 and 540 +/- 618 fmol/mg/h (n = 4) (for 1, 10 and 100 microM [(3)H]AFB(1), respectively). GSH conjugates of AFB(1) exo-epoxide and the much less mutagenic stereoisomer AFB(1) endo-epoxide were produced in a ratio of approximately 1:1 in cytosols from both whole lung and isolated cells. Total cytosolic AFB(1)-epoxide conjugation was significantly higher in fractions enriched in alveolar type II cells (3.07 +/- 1.61 pmol/mg/h) than in unseparated lung cells (0.143 +/- 0.055 pmol/mg/h) or fractions enriched in alveolar macrophages (0. 904 +/- 0.319 pmol/mg/h; n = 4) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AFB(1)-GSH formation and percentage of alveolar type II cells in different cell fractions were correlated (r = 0.78, P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that human lung GSTs exhibit very low conjugation activity for both AFB(1)-8,9-epoxide stereoisomers, and that this activity is heterogeneously distributed among cell types, with alveolar type II cells exhibiting relatively high activity. Of the GSTs present in human peripheral lung which contribute to AFB(1) exo- and endo-epoxide detoxification, hGSTM1-1 appears to play at most only a minor role.
Deposition of In(subscript 2-x)Fe(subscript x)O3 Films by Ultrafast Microwave Heating Technique (2011)

In this paper, we present an ultra fast deposition of oxide films using microwave heating. Using SiC as a susceptor, InFeO powder was placed on top of it in a microwave heating chamber. By heating the SiC substrate to 2,100 °C using microwaves and within 3-4 seconds, the InFeO film was deposited on Si substrate placed right at the top of the chamber. The X-ray diffraction scans taken of the target and the film indicated a one-to-one correspondence with the target material and the deposited film in terms of stoichiometry.
Accelerated ray tracing for radiotherapy dose calculations on a GPU (2009)

With the use of a GPU, ray tracing for dose calculations can be performed accurately in considerably less time. Ray tracing was accelerated, on average, with a factor of 6 for the evaluated cases. Dose calculation for a single beam can typically be carried out in 0.6-0.9 s for clinically realistic datasets. These findings can be used in conventional planning to enable (nearly) real-time dose calculations. Also the importance for treatment optimization techniques is evident.
Relation between Impurities(Au Plating) and Joints Quality. Influence of Plating on Micro Joints Quality. (1994)

Parallel gap resistance welding of Ag plated 0.18 mm diameter oxygen free copper wires to Au+ Ni plated of Printed circuit boards (P/B) was investigated (concerning Au plating). The results are summarized as follows.(1) Au plating bath for Good Micro Welding is composed Cobaltion 0.35-3 gf/l [5.9-51 mol/m3] and Nickelion 0.02-0.5 gf/l [0.34-8.5 mol/m3], after Au plate it's composition of Co 0.2-3% and Ni 0.4-2% except Au :(2) Cobalt content and Nickel content beyond the allowable limit are Bad Welding for Au plating, they cause Blow hole in the weld fillet and decrease weld strength.
Vertical GaN Power Transistor With Intrinsic Reverse Conduction and Low Gate Charge for High-Performance Power Conversion (2019)

In this paper, a novel vertical normally-off GaN power transistor featuring a split gate with the intrinsic reverse conduction (RCVFET) and low gate charge is proposed. The static and dynamic device characteristics are studied and analyzed by simulation with Sentaurus TCAD. Benefiting from the monolithically integrated freewheeling diode, the RCVFET characteristics of the device are independent with the threshold voltage VTH, while a low reverse turn-on voltage VR,ON of 0.8 V is obtained. The RCVFET exhibits a short reverse recovery time Trr of 13 ns and low reverse recovery charge Qrr of 47 nC. Due to the split-gate design, the gate charge of the RCVFET is also significantly reduced, favoring the improved switching speed and lower switching power loss. QGD is as low as 80 nC which is only 20% of that in the reference device without splitgate design. Accordingly, the turn-off transient time and power dissipation of the RCVFET are reduced by 45% and 55.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the device exhibits a low on-resistance RON of 0.98 mQ · cm2 and a high breakdown voltage (BV) of 1.8 kV.
ChemInform Abstract: The Place of Dibenzo(b,f)thiepin Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: Structures and Activities (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Malignant tumor and eosinophils: I. Prognostic significance in gastric cancer (1986)

A prospective study with 647 gastric cancer was performed. Resected tumor specimens from 647 patients were examined with respect to eosinophil infiltration. Infiltration of the primary tumor by eosinophils was found to have a marked prognostic significance. Five years after the resection of tumor in the patients with gastric cancer, 29 of 51 patients (56.0%) who showed previously the infiltration of more than 100 eosinophils in tumor tissue were alive, while only 38.6% (61/158) of the patients with the infiltration of less than 100 eosinophils survived (P less than 0.05). Eosinophil infiltration in the resected tumor was detected in 157 patients (24%). The intensive degree of infiltration correlates well with a special pathologic type of cancer, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the size of tumor mass and preoperative blood eosinophilia. The extract from tumors with the marked eosinophilic infiltration was highly chemotactic for eosinophils in vitro. The eosinophil chemotactic activity was found to be heat-labile and nondialyzable. It was therefore considered most likely that eosinophil infiltration in the tumor and blood eosinophilia observed in some patients with gastric cancer were caused by an eosinophil chemotactic factor of gastric cancer and the good indication of the prolonged survival of the patients.
Electrochemical Etching of Individual Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

The electrochemical properties of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coated with an amorphous carbon layer are reported. MWNTs were etched at potentials more positive than 1.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) in an aqueous 0.1 M KCl electrolyte solution. The logarithm of etching rate was proportional to the applied electrode potential, suggesting a kinetic etching mechanism. The estimated charge necessary to etch a MWNT was smaller than the total charge passed during etching, indicating that current was consumed for other parasitic reactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of partially etched MWNTs indicate that etching begins at the distal end and proceeds preferentially along the longitudinal axis of the nanotube. The amorphous carbon layer was etched more readily than the graphitic core. TEM images of completely etched MWNTs showed that the pore at the distal end was still open, and that the tip of the MWNT was sharpened. These results indicate that electrochemical etching might be useful for controlling the shape and length of carbon nanotubes. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Supplementary Table S1 from Activated ALK Cooperates with N-Myc via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling to Induce Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Analysis of prostate cancer datasets at cBioportal database for percent genomic alterations and co-occurrence trend in ALK MYCN and AURKA genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Flash Technology: Challenges and Opportunities (1996)

Flash memory is a rapidly growing segment of the semiconductor memory market. It occupies a unique place among semiconductor memories by offering the combination of non-volatility, electrical re-writability and high density. Several alternate Flash cell structures have evolved that offer differing tradeoffs for cost and performance. The Flash memory market has been valued over $1.9 Billion (US) in 1995 and accounts for about 3.5% of the overall semiconductor memory market. Flash memory is the fastest growing segment of the non-volatile semiconductor memory market. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities in Flash technology using ETOX T M cells as an example. Flash poses some unique challenges in controlling tunneling and in voltage scaling. Flash also presents a unique opportunity for scaling storage density through multi-level cells.
Thermodynamically Stable, Photoreversible Pharmacology in Neurons with One‐ and Two‐Photon Excitation (2018)

Photoswitchable bioprobes enable bidirectional control of cell physiology with different wavelengths of light. Many current photoswitches use cytotoxic UV light and are limited by the need for constant illumination owing to thermal relaxation in the dark. Now a photoswitchable tetrafluoroazobenzene(4FAB)-based ion channel antagonist has been developed that can be efficiently isomerized in two separate optical channels with visible light. Importantly, the metastable cis configuration showed very high stability in the dark over the course of days at room temperature. In neurons, the 4FAB antagonist reversibly blocks voltage-gated ion channels with violet and green light. Furthermore, photoswitching could also be achieved with two-photon excitation yielding high spatial resolution. 4FAB probes have the potential to enable long-term biological studies where both ON and OFF states can be maintained in the absence of irradiation.
HRTF personalization using anthropometric measurements (2004)

Individualized head related transfer functions (HRTFs) are needed for accurate rendering of spatial audio, which is important in many applications. Since these are relatively tedious to acquire, they may not be acceptable for some applications. A number of studies have sought to perform simple customization of the HRTF. We propose and test a strategy for HRTF personalization, based on matching certain anthropometric ear parameters with the HRTF database, and the incorporation of a low-frequency "head-and-torso" model. We present preliminary tests aimed at evaluation of this customization. Results show that the approach improves both the accuracy of the localization and subjective perception of the virtual auditory scene.
The ocular ischemic syndrome (1994)

The ocular symptoms and signs attributable to severe, chronic carotid artery obstruction are referred to as the ocular ischemic syndrome. Recognition of this entity is important, particularly since it can be confused with other retinal vascular disease, eg, central retinal vein obstruction and diabetic retinopathy. Therapeutic modalities, including newer data on diagnostic techniques and carotid endarterectomy are discussed.
Effect of Surface Uniformity and Droplet Volume on Actuation Voltage of PCB Based EWOD Microfluidic System (2022)

Electrowetting on Dielectrics (EWOD) is an important method of manipulating discrete fluid droplets in digital microfluidic systems. In this paper, a simply implemented low cost EWOD system based on printed circuit board was built and tested. The form of the triple contact line (TCL) connecting the droplet with solid surface and ambient surrounding was simulated using a numerical simulation tool called Surface Evolver (SE). Different electrode patterns and sizes were designed and measurements were conducted using deionized (DI) water mixed with Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as fluidic samples. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Parylene C and Parafilm were used as dielectric layers separating microfluidic droplets from the electrodes surface. In addition, these materials provided a hydrophobic surface leading to an increase in the initial contact angle of the droplets. The actuation voltage of the system varied between 40 V and 183 V depending on the electrodes pattern and size and the volume of the droplets. The smoothness and regularity of the PCB and hydrophobic surfaces had a major effect on decreasing the actuation voltage of the system.
Drinking coffee may reduce chances of developing Alzheimer’s disease: systematic literature review and meta-analysis (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Coffee is a popular beverage, and it contains caffeine, a psychoactive substance. Consuming coffee may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer&amp;amp;rsquo;s disease (AD). However, the association between the reduced risk of developing AD and the consumption of coffee is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and quantitative synthesis meta-analysis that included dose-response analysis on the relationship between the consumption of coffee and the risk of developing AD. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we analysed standard databases of journals published between January 1999 and May 2020. We included the two population-based cohort studies and one case-control study. All studies included looked at the association between consuming many cups of coffee, the amount of coffee consumed in milligrams per day and the risk of developing AD. The systematic literature review and meta-analysis had 1670 participants with follow-up years that ranged from 5 to 21. The consumption of moderate or 3-5 cups per day reduces the risk of developing AD. The pooled relative risk and 95% confidence interval of the 3 included studies were 0.63 (0.3, 1.54). Dose-response curve analysis appears to be U-shaped. The results of the forest plot showed that there is low heterogeneity between the studies. Plotting the funnel plot and the Galbraith plot demonstrated publication bias of the three included studies. More prospective and long-term studies have to be conducted in other countries to determine the exact risk of developing AD.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A novel approach for increasing security and data embedding capacity in images for data hiding applications (2002)

Data hiding in multimedia is the process of secretly embedding information into data sources such as image, video, or audio signals without changing the perceptual quality of the data source. We present a novel blind data hiding technique for hiding information in still images. This technique is based on embedding the information in the transform domain, after decorrelating the samples in the spatial domain. This results in a significant increase in the number of transform coefficients that can be used to transmit the hidden information. The technique is suitable for a variety of data hiding applications such as steganography, data authentication and captioning. The technique achieves a higher and more secure data embedding rate than existing data embedding transform domain techniques developed for these particular applications.
Prototyping of Terahertz Metasurface by One-Step Lithographically Defined Templating (2018)

To bypass the sophisticated procedure in existing techniques to produce the terahertz (THz) metasurface filter, a one-step lithographically defined templating method is proposed for rapid prototyping. Essentially, a simplified photolithography process is exploited and optimized first to release one freestanding template perforated with desired features, without any sacrificial layer or external force. The key idea is to impart an adequate degree of hydrophobicity to substrate to tune adhesion between substrate and template for a spontaneous release. Then, the template-directed metallization by electroless plating gives rise to an intact freestanding metal mesh framework of THz metasurface filter. Spectral characterization by the THz frequency-domain spectroscopy shows good spectral selection behavior, which agrees adequately well with the numerical simulation by HFSS.
Transaction-Based Communication-Centric Debug (2007)

The behaviour of systems on chip (SOC) is complex because they contain multiple processors that interact through concurrent interconnects, such as networks on chip (NOC). Debugging such SOCs is hard. Based on a classification of debug scope and granularity, we propose that debugging should be communication-centric and based on transactions. Communication-centric debug focuses on the communication and the synchronisation between the IP blocks, which are implemented by the interconnect using transactions. We define and implement a modular debug architecture, based on NOC, monitors, and a dedicated high-speed event-distribution broadcast interconnect. The manufacturing-test scan chains and IEEE1149.1 test access ports (TAP) are re-used for configuration and debug data read-out. Our debug architecture requires only small changes to the functional architecture. The additional area cost is limited to the monitors and the event distribution interconnect, which are 4.5% of the NOC area, or less than 0.2% of the SOC area. The debug architecture runs at NOC functional speed and reacts very quickly to debug events to stop the SOC close in time to the condition that raised the event. The speed at which data is retrieved from the SOC after stopping using the TAP is 10 MHz. We prove our concepts and architecture with a gate-level implementation that includes the NOC, event distribution interconnect, and clock, reset, and TAP controllers. We include gate-level signal traces illustrating debug at message and transaction levels
A Heuristic Self-Adaptive Medium Access Control for Resource-Constrained WBAN Systems (2016)

This paper presents a heuristic-based approach to self-adapt and reconfigures the wake-up schedule of the nodes in wireless body area networks (WBANs). A latency-energy-optimized traffic-aware dynamic medium access control protocol is presented. The protocol is based on an adaptive algorithm that allows the sensor nodes to adapt their wake-up and sleep patterns efficiently in static and dynamic traffic variations. The heuristic approach helps to characterize the algorithmic parameters with an objective to investigate the behavior of the convergence patterns of the WBAN nodes in a non-linear system. An open-loop form is developed by keeping the wake-up interval (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wu</sub> ) fixed followed by the closed-loop adaptive system which updates I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wu</sub> on every wake-up instant. An exhaustive search is conducted for different initial wake-up interval values which show that (on average) the algorithm parameters behave monotonically in open-loop systems, whereas a decaying function in the closed-loop form. Various performance metrics, such as energy consumption, packet delay, packet delivery ratio, and convergence speed (for reaching a steady state), are evaluated. It is observed that the convergence time varies from 8 to 72 s under fixed packet transmission rate, whereas the algorithm re-converges (within 8 s) whenever the transmission rate changes.
Facile and direct detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cells using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) (2021)

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cancers, particularly cervical and oropharyngeal cancer, lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Simple, straightforward, and cost-effective detection of HPV DNA from patients with these malignancies or at risk for developing cancer can improve outcomes for patients, serving as a tool for early detection, monitoring treatment response, and assessment of cancer recurrence. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a simple and robust method for the detection and amplification of DNA in a single tube, utilizing the Bst strand-displacing DNA polymerase. We developed a workflow utilizing LAMP for the visual detection of HPV DNA in oral rinses. We demonstrate that LAMP is able to easily discriminate between two of the high-risk HPV subtypes, HPV16 and HPV18. We then utilized LAMP to visually detect HPV DNA directly from cells in oral rinses, mimicking a clinical inspired scenario of detecting HPV DNA in clinical samples. Our results suggest that LAMP is a robust, colorimetric assay method for the detection of HPV DNA in complex cellular samples, and further development is warranted to bring LAMP into the clinic.
Tumour Angiogenesis in Rectal Cancer-Computer-Assisted Endosonographic and Immunohistochemical Methods for Assessment (2011)

Aim of the current study was to evaluate the rectal cancer angiogenesis with Doppler endosonography and immunohistochemistry and to compare the results with computerassisted methods.
Holographic inscription of helical wavefronts in a liquid crystal polarization grating (2007)

A space-varying polarization hologram (PH) grating is fabricated in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell with azo-side-chain polymer alignment layers. The polarization-sensitive photoisomerization property of azo-side-chain polymer is utilized to inscribe the PH in a LC cell. Both transmission and reflection holographic configurations are adopted in fabrication. The transmission PH made by the circular orthogonal polarizations exhibits the polarization-controlled Laguerre-Gaussian beam generation, while the reflection PH made by the linear orthogonal polarizations generates a variety of Laguerre-Gaussian beam, though not polarization controlled.