gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pacific Motorway - the Experience (2000)

The Pacific Motorway Project involved upgrading 35 km of the Pacific Highway between Beenleigh and Gaven from 4 lanes to 8 and a further 8 km to 6 lanes. In addition a network of local service roads was also provided. The Project was divided into six major Contracts and a number of minor works contracts at a total cost of $750M. The Project represents a major advance by the Department of Main Roads in all aspects of environmental management. It was not considered necessary to conduct a formal Impact Assessment Study under the provisions of the State Development and Public Works Act 1971 - 1981, since the project involved the upgrading of an existing road. An extensive planning study determined the standards for the Project. Specific requirements of all stakeholders were considered in the preparation and publication of the Impact Management Plan (IMP) which is effectively a contract between the community and the Department of Main Roads. The IMP identified 25 commitments in four broad categories, viz. Transport and Motorway Infrastructure, The Human Environment, The Natural Environment and The Economic Environment. For each commitment, the IMP sets out objectives, and provides strategies aimed at achieving each objective during the three project phases. The Special Conditions of Contract - Environmental Management was based upon the IMP, and outlined Project-specific objectives for each of the 25 commitments to be met during the Construction phase. This priority document set performance criteria for each objective as well as a system to measure and evaluate environmental performance based on these criteria. Associated implementation, monitoring and reporting requirements were also specified. Each major Contractor was required to develop and implement an Environmental Management Plan to achieve the strategies and objectives of the IMP during construction. Thiess Contractors Pty Ltd developed a system which met the Contract requirements and also gained IS0 14001 certification. The system was implemented, audited at both internal and external audits, and updated during the Project.
Use of a Novel Pathway for Early Discharge Was Associated With a 48% Shorter Length of Stay After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2015)

Level III-case control study.
VCO design for 60 GHz applications using differential shielded inductors in 0.13 &#x03BC;m CMOS (2008)

With the increasing interest in 60 GHz applications, low-cost CMOS circuit solutions emerge. The poor performance of CMOS devices at millimeter-wave frequencies complicates the design. In this work, we present two low-area VCOs covering the license-free 60 GHz band, using differential shielded (slow-wave) transmission line inductors. We discuss design and provide compact modeling of these inductors, compatible with stringent metal density rules of scaled CMOS. Measured phase noise below -90 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset is achieved, at a consumption of 3.9 mW at 1 V. The tuning range exceeds 10 %, for a tuning voltage restricted from ground to the supply.
251. New intermediates and dyes. Part III. Condensation of 4-tert.-butylphthalic anhydride with acenaphthene. 6-tert.-butylquinizarin and derived cellulose acetate dyes (1952)

B. W. Larner and A. T. Peters, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 1368 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520001368
Developmental regulation of membrane and secretory Ig gamma 2b mRNA. (1989)

To better understand the developmental regulation of membrane and secretory forms of Ig Heavy chain mRNA, mutations were made in a gamma 2b gene in vitro and assayed for their expression in cell lines representative of early and late stages of B cell development. Processing of the gamma 2b mRNA did not change with the amount of message produced, demonstrating that the production of predominantly secretory mRNA in plasma cells is not the consequence of increased message synthesis. The length of the intron between the secretory and membrane exons was found to affect the relative expression of secretory and membrane mRNA, but this effect was also observed in non-lymphoid cells, suggesting that the intron "gradient effect" does not identify the processing reaction which is regulated during B cell differentiation. Deletion of the signals for the splice from CH3 to the membrane exons resulted in the exclusive production of secretory mRNA irrespective of the developmental stage of the recipient cell, suggesting that this splice reaction plays a role in regulating these mRNA, and that competition between the two polyadenylation sites does not dictate the relative expression of the two forms of message. Appropriate ratios of the two forms were produced from a 2.3-kbp fragment of the gamma 2b gene containing the secretory cleavage and membrane splice signals in the context of a different transcription unit. These results suggest that the changes in the relative expression of secretory and membrane gamma 2b mRNA during B cell development are mediated by a competition between cleavage at the secretory polyadenylation and splicing from CH3 to the membrane exons.
Human Plasma Proteome Analysis by Multidimensional Chromatography Prefractionation and Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Identification (2005)

A resurgence of interest in the human plasma proteome has occurred in recent years because it holds great promise of revolution in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. As one of the most powerful separation techniques, multidimensional liquid chromatography has attracted extensive attention, but most published works have focused on the fractionation of tryptic peptides. In this study, proteins from human plasma were prefractionated by online sequential strong cation exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. The resulting 30 samples were individually digested by trypsin, and analyzed by capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry. After meeting stringent criteria, a total of 1292 distinct proteins were successfully identified in our work, among which, some proteins known to be present in serum in <10 ng/mL were detected. Compared with other works in published literatures, this analysis offered a more full-scale list of the plasma proteome. Considering our strategy allows high throughput of protein identification in serum, the prefractionation of proteins before MS analysis is a simple and effective method to facilitate human plasma proteome research.
Effects of Modification of Calcium Hydroxyapatites by Trivalent Metal Ions on the Protein Adsorption Behavior (2010)

The effects of modification of calcium hydroxyapatites (Hap; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by trivalent metal ions (Al(III), La(III), and Fe(III)) on protein adsorption behavior were examined using bovine serum albumin (BSA; isoelectric point (iep) = 4.7 and molecular mass (M(s)) = 67,200 Da). The Al(III)-, La(III)-, and Fe(III)-substituted Hap particles were prepared by the coprecipitation method with different atomic ratios, metal/(Ca + metal), abbreviated as X(metal). The particles precipitated at X(metal) = 0 (original-Hap) were rod-like and 10 x 36 nm2 in size. The short, rod-like original-Hap particles were elongated upon adding metal ions up to X(metal) = 0.10, and the extent of the particle growth was in the order of La(III) < Al(III) << Fe(III). The crystallinity of the materials was slightly lowered by increasing X(metal) for all systems. The adsorption isotherms of BSA onto the Al(III)-, La(III)-, and Fe(III)-substituted Hap particles showed the Langmuirian type. The saturated amounts of adsorbed BSA (n(s)(BSA)) values were strongly dependent on X(metal) in each system. The n(s)(BSA) values for the Fe(III)-substituted Hap system were increased with an increase in X(Fe) (X(metal) value of Hap particles substituted with Fe(III)); the n(s)(BSA) value obtained at X(Fe) = 0.10 was 2.7-fold more than that for the original-Hap particle, though those for the La(III) system were decreased to ca. 1/5. On the other hand, the n(s)(BSA) values for the Al(III) system were decreased with substitution of small amounts of Al(III), showing a minimum point at X(Al) = 0.01, but they were increased again at X(Al) over 0.03. Since the concentrations of hetero metal ions dissolved from the particles exhibited extremely low values, the possibility of binder effects of trivalent cations dissolved from the particle surface for adsorbing BSA to trivalent-ion-substituted Hap particles was excluded. The increase of n(s)(BSA) by an increase in X(Fe) was explained by elongation of mean particle length along with the production of surface hydroxo ions, such as Fe(OH)2+ or Fe(OH)2+, to induce the hydrogen bond between the Fe(III)-substituted Hap surface and BSA molecules, though the number of original C sites established by Ca(II) atoms was reduced. In the case of La(III)-substituted Hap particles, the number of original C sites established by Ca(II) atoms was reduced by La(III) substitution but the mean particle length remained almost constant. Furthermore, surface hydroxo La(III) groups were absent. Therefore, the reduction of n(s)(BSA) was explained by both the unaltered mean particle length and their low surface hydrophilicity. The change of n(s)(BSA) values by X(Al) resembled that of the mean particle length. These results implied that both the mean particle length and surface hydrophilicity of Al(III)-, La(III)-, and Fe(III)-substituted Hap particles are determining factors of the adsorption amounts of BSA.
Electron Holography (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Idea Image-Plane Off-Axis Holography Using the Electron Biprism Properties of the Reconstructed Wave Holographic Investigations Special Techniques Summary Acknowledgments References
The influence of the size of diffracting vectors on the visibility of dislocations in α -iron (1968)

Abstract The contrast associated with dislocations in deformed α-iron has been examined under a large number of two-beam diffracting conditions using transmission electron microscopy. Dis­locations are shown to go effectively out of contrast for several different diffracting vectors (ģ), and the angular relations between these vectors are often such that the observed absence of contrast cannot always be associated with the condition ģ. b ═ 0, where b is the Burgers vector of the dislocation. Images have been computed for the experimental conditions used and it is shown that under certain two-beam conditions dislocations are predicted to be invisible when ģ. b ≠ 0. It is shown that the explanation for this behaviour lies in the large values of sg, the deviation parameter, which are usually associated with large diffracting vectors. It is concluded that erroneous deductions of the Burgers vectors of dislocations have been made previously because this absence of contrast has been wrongly assumed to correspond to the condition ģ. b ═ 0.
Multiple genes coding for octopine-degrading enzymes in Agrobacterium (1978)

Most biotype 2 strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. radiobacter which utilize nopaline also degrade octopine. In all such strains studied, the ability to degrade octopine did not appear to be transferred to plasmidless recipient cells under conditions of plasmid transfer in which the ability to utilize nopaline was transferred. An octopine-degrading mutant was isolated in a strain cured of its plasmid, suggesting that genes of octopine degradation may have a chromosomal location in some strains. In strains in which octopine utilization is coded by plasmid genes, octopine degradation was always inducible, whereas in strains which degrade both octopine and nopaline, octopine utilization was constitutive although nopaline degradation was inducible. When plasmids coding for octopine-utilizing ability were transformed into a strain containing either a nopaline- or null-type plasmid, transformants able to degrade octopine were either not observed or were unstable upon purification. All of these data suggest that plasmids associated with virulence are incompatible with one another, and therefore imply that the major groups of plasmids associated with virulence have a common origin.
Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian ethnobotany: the knowledge and usage of plants and fungi among the Oweekeno, Hanaksiala (Kitlope and Kemano), Haisla (Kitamaat) and Kitasoo Peoples of the central and north coasts of British Columbia (2008)

This thesis deals with botanical knowledge, use and categorization among three Wakashan cultures (Oweekeno, Hanaksiala and Haisla) and a Southern Tsimshian group (Kitasoo) of the Central Coast and North Coast regions of British Columbia. The research has involved the first comprehensive attempt at the documentation of names and cultural roles for fungi and plants among these cultures. Approximately 90 taxa of fungi and plants are known to have had indigenous names and cultural roles in Kitasoo culture, approximately 100 taxa in Oweekeno culture and approximately 180 taxa in the Haisla and Hanaksiala cultures. Detailed accounts of the names and cultural roles of these species are presented. The basic features of Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian folk botanical nomenclature and categorization, as revealed from research among these representative groups, correspond in general with findings resulting from previous studies in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere. A general 'plant' term is present in Upper North Wakashan, but lacking from Southern Tsimshian. Life-form categories are generally similar among all the study groups as are several intermediate botanical categories. A somewhat unusual "life-form complex" consisting of "berry bushes" and "berry bushes or any bush" is present in Southern Tsimshian, while a unique "fern" life-form is proposed for Oowekyala, Hanaksiala and Haisla. In both Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian some generic level taxa are seen to represent prototypes of more inclusive life-form categories and intermediate categories. Instances of folk specific categories corresponding to various colour forms of salmonberries (Rubus spectabilis) occur among all the study groups. In general, a number of nomenclatural and categorization features are shared by all the study groups despite fundamental and extensive differences between the Wakashan and Tsimshian languages. These similarities have probably arisen from extensive and lengthy cultural contact and interchange between the cultural groups. A map of the study area is provided as are several figures, tables and appendices that contain information pertaining to botanical knowledge, use and categorization among the study groups.
Using OPC to optimize for image slope and improve process window (2003)

We use the gradient of the image slope and gradient of the edge placement error (EPE) in order to improve both slope and EPE during OPC. The EPE gradient taken with respect to edge position is normally called MEEF or the MEEF matrix. Use of the gradient of image slope with respect to change in edge position was introduced by Granik as the “contrast matrix.” Whereas traditional OPC techniques focus on EPE alone (pattern fidelity), we broaden the scope of OPC to maximize slope for improved image robustness and to maximize process window.
Dynamic adaptivity: enabling technology for emerging wireless systems (2003)

The paper provides some preliminary discussion of a project, funded under the NSF Combined Research and Curriculum Development (CRCD) program, whose purpose is to develop applications-oriented courseware in the area of adaptive signal processing for wireless communication systems.
Effect of growth techniques on the properties of CdTe thin films for photovoltaic application (2013)

Cadmium Telluride thin films have been deposited on FTO coated glass substrates by using the sputtering and thermal evaporation technique. CdTe thin film was firstly grown by sputtering at a substrate temperature 300°C, as well as CdTe thin film was also deposited by thermal evaporation technique. The grown films from both processes were annealed in a vacuum furnace of nitrogen ambient at pressure 250–300 mTorr. A comparative study of structural and optical properties and surface morphology analysis of these films was carried out by means of XRD, AFM and UV-Vis spectrometry. The XRD patterns reveal that the grown films in both processes are crystalline in nature having the (111) preferential orientation around 2θ=23.8°. Surface roughness and topography were observed from the AFM images. The sputtered grown CdTe thin films exhibit higher values of average and root mean square of the roughness (RMS) as it was observed by AFM analysis. The transmission and absorption spectra was analyzed for wavelengths range of 350 nm to 1100 nm. From the UV analysis, it is observed that the films are very suitable for photovoltaic applications because it allows passing 80% along the whole range. The band gap has been found 1.49 eV and 1.41 eV for the films deposited from sputtering and thermal evaporation, respectively.
Low-Cost Tip-Tilt and Deformable Mirrors for Astronomy (1992)

We have developed low-cost tip-tilt and segmented deformable mirrors for use at astronomical telescopes. The design of the mirrors and performance test data will be presented.
Replication of the Chicken β-Globin Locus: Early-Firing Origins at the 5′ HS4 Insulator and the ρ- and βA-Globin Genes Show Opposite Epigenetic Modifications (2003)

Chromatin structure is believed to exert a strong effect on replication origin function. We have studied the replication of the chicken beta-globin locus, whose chromatin structure has been extensively characterized. This locus is delimited by hypersensitive sites (HSs) that mark the position of insulator elements. A stretch of condensed chromatin and another HS separate the beta-globin domain from an adjacent folate receptor (FR) gene. We demonstrate here that in erythroid cells that express the FR but not the globin genes, replication initiates at four sites within the beta-globin domain, one at the 5' HS4 insulator and the other three near the rho- and beta(A)-globin genes. Three origins consist of G+C-rich sequences enriched in CpG dinucleotides. The fourth origin is A+T rich. Together with previous work, these data reveal that the insulator origin has unmethylated CpGs, hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4, and lysine 4-methylated histone H3. In contrast, opposite modifications are observed at the other G+C-rich origins. We also show that the whole region, including the stretch of condensed chromatin, replicates early in S phase in these cells. Therefore, different early-firing origins within the same locus may have opposite patterns of epigenetic modifications. The role of insulator elements in DNA replication is discussed.
Frontispiece: Porous Tungsten Oxide: Recent Advances in Design, Synthesis, and Applications (2021)

The design and synthesis of porous tungsten oxide (WO3) are challenging issues. The tunability of tungsten oxide's structures and properties allows researchers to gain more understanding of how different synthesis methods, tungsten precursors, and additives affect its properties and morphology. Read more about these topics in the Minireview by P. Bastakoti et al. on page 9241 ff.
The Moving Window Technique: A Window Into Developmental Changes in Attention During Facial Emotion Recognition (2012)

The strategies children employ to selectively attend to different parts of the face may reflect important developmental changes in facial emotion recognition. Using the Moving Window Technique (MWT), children aged 5-12 years and adults (N = 129) explored faces with a mouse-controlled window in an emotion recognition task. An age-related increase in attention to the left eye emerged at age 11-12 years and reached significance in adulthood. This left-eye bias is consistent with previous eye tracking research and findings of a perceptual bias for the left side of faces. These results suggest that a strategic attentional bias to the left eye begins to emerge at age 11-12 years and is likely established sometime in adolescence.
Influence of Anti-FloR Antibody on Florfenicol Accumulation in Florfenicol-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Florfenicol-Resistant E. coli Isolates (2006)

ABSTRACT To detect florfenicol-resistant Escherichia coli isolates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), anti-FloR1 antibodies were produced in mice using a recombinant glutathione S -transferase (GST)-FloR1 protein, which was expressed in a prokaryote expression system, as the antigen. The specificity of the murine anti-GST-FloR1 antibody and its influence on florfenicol accumulation in florfenicol-resistant isolates were investigated using Western blotting and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Western blotting using the anti-FloR1 antibody showed specific binding of the antibody to the florfenicol-resistant FloR protein. Preincubation of florfenicol-resistant strains with the antibody significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of florfenicol and enhanced the bacterial susceptibility to florfenicol, suggesting that antibody binding to the FloR protein inhibited the activity of the efflux protein conferred by the floR gene. Analyses of florfenicol-resistant and -sensitive isolates by ELISA using the anti-FloR1 antibody showed good correlation between FloR protein expression and the floR genotype. The anti-FloR1 antibody-based ELISA is a useful tool for the detection of florfenicol-resistant bacteria harboring the floR gene.
Reasons, Robots and the Extended Mind (2001)

A suitable project for the new Millenium is to radically reconfigure our image of human rationality. Such a project is already underway, within the Cognitive Sciences, under the umbrellas of work in Situated Cognition, Distributed and De‐centralized Cognition, Real‐world Robotics and Artificial Life. Such approaches, however, are often criticized for giving certain aspects of rationality too wide a berth. They focus their attention on such superficially poor cousins as ‘adaptive behaviour’, ‘ecologically sound perception‐action routines’, ‘fast and frugal heuristics’ and ‘fast, fluent real‐time real‐world action control’. Is this robbery or revelation? Has ‘embodied, embedded’ cognitive science simply lost sight of the very phenomena it was meant to explain? Or are we finally seeing rationality aright, as fully continuous with various forms of simpler, ecologically situated, adaptive response? I distinguish two ways of developing the ‘embodied, embedded’ approach. The first, which does indeed threaten to lose sight of the key targets, is fully committed to a doctrine of biological cognitive incrementalism according to which full‐scale human rationality is reached, rather directly, by some series of tweaks to basic biological modes of adaptive response. The second depicts human capacities for advanced reason as at best the indirect products of such a process. Such capacities, it is argued, depend heavily upon the effects of a special kind of hybridization in which human brains enter into an increasingly potent cascade of genuinely symbiotic relationships with knowledge‐rich artifacts and technologies. This latter approach, I finally suggest, does better justice to our peculiar profile, which combines deep biological continuity with an equally deep cognitive discontinuity.