gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Capabilities of Reconfigurable Hardware for OFDM-Based Wlans (2006)

In this paper, the potential of reconfigurable hardware in wireless communication systems is evaluated. As most of the published works aim at the usage of reconfigurable architectures as a universal platform for different standards, the optimization capabilities of reconfiguration techniques for hardware modules within one standard are often not considered. This work focuses on the hardware optimization within one transmission scheme, namely OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). By making use of special characteristics of packet-based WLANs and standard specifications, functional blocks of an OFDM receiver can be mapped on the same hardware. Even performance enhancements can be achieved without any additional hardware.
Notizen: Stereochemistry of Oxidation of Thiophosphoryl Group in 1,3,2-Dioxaphosphorinans (1971)

This reaction involves an inversion of configuration at phosphorus atom 4 ' 6 .
Thiacalix[4]arene-Protected Titanium–Oxo Clusters: Influence of Ligand Conformation and Ti–S Coordination on the Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production (2020)

<i>p</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butylthiacalix[4]arene (H<sub>4</sub>TC4A)-decorated tetranuclear (<b>Ti</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>) and hexanuclear (<b>Ti</b><sub><b>6</b></sub>) polyoxo-titanium clusters (PTCs) were synthesized in isopropyl alcohol by a low-temperature solvothermal method. The structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, in which the ligands adopt 1,2-alternative and cone-shaped conformations, respectively. Both PTCs show UV-vis absorptions up to 600 nm with band gaps at 2.19 eV (<b>Ti</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>) and 2.24 eV (<b>Ti</b><sub><b>6</b></sub>), respectively. Visible-light photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production for <b>Ti</b><sub><b>4</b></sub> was measured to be 73.56 μmol/(g h), which is almost 5 times of that of <b>Ti</b><sub><b>6</b></sub> (15.16 μmol/(g h)). Results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the different Ti-S coordination modes originating from the conformational disparity of the ligands are primarily responsible for the observed different photocatalytic activities. Not only does this work provides a better understanding of the structure-property relationships in using titanium-oxo clusters for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production but it also offers a means of tuning the band gap of the catalysts by varying the conformations of the ligands.
Experimental observation of superluminal group velocities in bulk two-dimensional photonic bandgap crystals (2003)

We have experimentally observed superluminal and infinite group velocities in bulk hexagonal two-dimensional photonic bandgap crystals with bandgaps in the microwave region. The group velocities depend on the polarization of the incident radiation and the air-filling fraction of the crystal.
ACommunityQuestion-AnsweringRefinementSystem (2013)

Community Question Answering (CQA) sites, which archive millions of questions and answers created by CQA users to provide a rich resource of information that is missing at web search engines and QA websites, have become increasingly popular. Web users who search for answers to their questions at CQA sites, however, are often required to either (i) wait for days until other CQA users post answers to their questions which might even be incorrect, offensive, or spam, or (ii) deal with restricted answer sets created by CQA sites due to the exact-match constraint that is employed and imposed between archived questions and user-formulatedquestions. To automate and enhance the process of locating high-quality answers to a user’s question Q at a CQA site, we introduce a CQA refinement system, called QAR. GivenQ, QAR first retrieves a set of CQA questions QS that are the same as, or similar to, Q in terms of its specified information need. Thereafter, QAR selects as answers to Q the top-ranked answers (among the ones to the questions in QS) basedonvarioussimilarityscoresandthelength of the answers. Empirical studies show that QAR is effective in locating archived answers, if they exist, that satisfy the information need specified in Q. 1. BACKGROUND During the last few years, web users have been turning to Community Question-Answering (CQA) sites, such as Yahoo! Answers (answers.yahoo.com), WikiAnswers (wiki.answers.com), and Naver (naver.com), to look for and/or provide answers to questions in diverse topics 1.ACQAsiteexploitsthepowerofhuman knowledge to satisfy a broad range of users ’ information needs and handles factoid, as well as complex 2,questionswhichcouldbevery difficult, if not impossible, to be answered by conventional web search engines or existing QA systems, such as Ask.com [2]. Unfortunately, sometimes a new user question is not answered immediately and occasionally is not answered at all at a CQA site. Fur-1 Web users have contributed millions of answers to questions at various CQA sites [4]. 2 Complex questions are questions inquiring opinions or advice which yield potentially multiple answers to be ranked.
Research on algorithms for adaptive array antennas (1982)

This report demonstrates a method for implementing a wide-band constrained array processor using filters possessing both poles and zeros. The idea of constrained array processing is introduced and an optimal array weighting formula is derived. This optimal weighting is meant to cancel m-1 wide-band interference sources incident on an m-element array with a constrained look direction. From the optimal weighting formula, it becomes evident that the use of filters possessing both poles and zeros to perform the frequency-dependent weighting has the potential for improving the wide-band nulling capability of the array. A novel method for adapting the pole-zero array filters in tap-delay-line form using the LMS or RLS algorithm is presented. The issue of look-direction signal bias and stability of the inverse filter are addressed. (Author)
Soft x-ray appearance potential spectroscopy (1974)

The total soft x-ray emission of an electron-bombarded surface exhibits abrupt changes at the threshold potentials for the excitation of core levels of surface atoms. These features represent the excitation probabilities of core states superimposed on a smoothly increasing bremsstrahlung background. The threshold potentials can be sensitively detected by differentiating the current from an x-ray photocathode with respect to sample potential. This technique represents the highest resolution core-level spectroscopy available. We discuss the principles underlying the design and operation of soft x-ray appearance potential spectrometers and review their application to the study of surface composition, electron binding energies, chemical shifts, and band structure.
Evidence that tumor antigens enhance tumor growth in vivo by interacting with a radiosensitive (suppressor?) cell population. (1978)

The growth of a small number of cells from each of two chemically induced BALB/c sarcomas was enhanced when x-irradiated (15,000 rads) cells of the same sarcoma were mixed with the tumor inoculum. This enhancement did not occur if the recipients had been given a total body x-irradiation of 450 rads. Tumor neutralization (Winn) tests showed that tumor cells irradiated in vitro enhanced tumor growth only in the presence of radiosensitive cells present in the spleens of both nonimmune and tumor-bearing mice. On the basis of these findings we postulate that tumor antigen blocks effective tumor immunity by a mechanism that involves a suppressor cell population.
Abstract 2702: Prodromal Symptoms of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: Report From a Large-scaled Population-based Study (2009)

Introduction: Little is known about symptoms preceding sudden cardiac arrest. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe a frequency of prodromal symptoms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (...
The Structure of Herodotos' Narrative (1974)

I have no intention of putting forward yet another theory of composition for the work of Herodotos. This type of study is frequently unsatisfactory, as it tends to depend either on subjective judgements or on circular arguments regarding, for example, the date of composition of particular passages (‘this passage belongs to Herodotos' “developed style” and was therefore written later than such and such a passage occurring later on in the existing arrangement of the work’); alternatively it may tend to force the content of the History into some pre-selected mould, a glaring example of which procedure is ‘pedimental structure’ (Herodotos was not building a temple, and there is no reason why he should have felt symmetry to be a necessary feature of history); or it may establish some kind of moral canon to which Herodotos is alleged to have thought all history conformed.
Clinical significance of CD155 expression in human pancreatic cancer. (2015)

CD155 may play a critical role through both immunological and non-immuno logical mechanisms in pancreatic cancer and may be a therapeutic target for this intractable malignancy.
An accurate offline phasor estimation for fault location in series compensated lines (2014)

Summary form only given. In series compensated transmission lines, current and voltage signals measured by the line protection system include considerable sub-synchronous frequency components (SSFCs) which are not sufficiently damped within a typical fault clearing time of line protection system. This does not allow accurate phasor estimation and thereby phasor-based fault location. This paper presents an accurate algorithm which effectively filters out unwanted frequency components and noise to perform accurate phasor estimation for fault location in series compensated transmission lines. Phasor estimation of a theoretical signal is first evaluated using the proposed method, direct Prony analysis and 4-cycle discrete Fourier transform algorithm. Then, various fault locations of a 500 kV series compensated transmission line simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC are used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively attenuate SSFCs and other unwanted frequency components in current and voltage signals allowing accurate phasor estimation to be obtained.
Studies towards the synthesis of bicyclomycin precursors: Synthesis of N,N′‐disubstituted 2,5‐diketopiperazines in solution and on solid phase (2008)

Abstract magnified image The synthesis of 3‐(hydroxyalkyl)‐ N,N ′‐disubstituted 2,5‐diketopiperazine derivatives ‐ compounds required for the bicyclomycin analogues preparation ‐ has been studied. The use of various oxo components in the Ugi multicomponent reaction (U‐MCR) has been evaluated. The first example of an semicyclic O,O ‐acetal employed as an aldehyde equivalent in the U‐MCR has been reported. The preparation and the synthetic application of Wang resin‐bound aliphatic aldehydes in the synthesis of 2,5‐diketopiperazine skeleton has also been described.
Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation (2007)

Topological quantum computation has recently emerged as one of the most exciting approaches to constructing a fault-tolerant quantum computer. The proposal relies on the existence of topological states of matter whose quasiparticle excitations are neither bosons nor fermions, but are particles known as {\it Non-Abelian anyons}, meaning that they obey {\it non-Abelian braiding statistics}. Quantum information is stored in states with multiple quasiparticles, which have a topological degeneracy. The unitary gate operations which are necessary for quantum computation are carried out by braiding quasiparticles, and then measuring the multi-quasiparticle states. The fault-tolerance of a topological quantum computer arises from the non-local encoding of the states of the quasiparticles, which makes them immune to errors caused by local perturbations. To date, the only such topological states thought to have been found in nature are fractional quantum Hall states, most prominently the ν=5/2 state, although several other prospective candidates have been proposed in systems as disparate as ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices and thin film superconductors. In this review article, we describe current research in this field, focusing on the general theoretical concepts of non-Abelian statistics as it relates to topological quantum computation, on understanding non-Abelian quantum Hall states, on proposed experiments to detect non-Abelian anyons, and on proposed architectures for a topological quantum computer. We address both the mathematical underpinnings of topological quantum computation and the physics of the subject using the ν=5/2 fractional quantum Hall state as the archetype of a non-Abelian topological state enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Molecular Understanding of Cytokine–Steroid Hormone Dialogue (2006)

Highly sophisticated mechanisms confer upon the immune system the capacity to respond with a certain degree of autonomy. However, the final outcome of an adaptative immune response depends on the interaction with other systems of the organism. The immune-neuroendocrine systems have an intimate cross-communication, making possible a satisfactory response to environmental changes. Part of this interaction occurs through cytokines and steroid hormones. The last step of this crosstalk is at the molecular level. In this article we will focus on the physical and functional interrelationship between cytokine signaling pathway-activated transcription factors (TFs) and steroid receptors in different cell models, where the signals triggered by cytokines and steroid hormones have major roles: (1) the ligand-dependent-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) influence the genetic program that specifies lineage commitment in T helper (Th) cell differentiation. How posttranslational modifications of several TFs as well as nuclear hormone receptors could be implicated in the molecular crosstalk between the immune-neuroendocrine messengers is discussed. (2) glucocorticoid (GC) antagonism on the TCR-induced T cell apoptosis. (3) estrogen receptor/TGF-beta family proteins molecular interaction implicated on pituitary prolactinomas pathogenesis. The functional crosstalk at the molecular level between immune and steroids signals is essential to determine an integrative response to both mediators (which in the last instance results in a new gene activation/repression profile) and constitutes the ultimate integrative level of interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
A Study of CVD Growth Parameters to Fill 50-μm-Deep 4H-SiC Trenches (2019)

By inspecting the CVD growth parameters, such as the flow rates of HCl and H 2 carrier gases, the pressure and the C/Si ratio, the trench filling in a high-rate mode with a high growth rate on the bottom and a relatively low growth rate on the mesa top was carried out. 4H-SiC trenches with the depths of 48 and 55 μm have been completely filled at the rates of 6.2 and 5.5 μm/h, respectively.
Exfoliatin-Producing Strains Define a Fourth agr Specificity Group in Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

ABSTRACT The staphylococcal virulon is activated by the density-sensing agr system, which is autoinduced by a short peptide (autoinducing peptide [AIP]) processed from a propeptide encoded by agrD . A central segment of the agr locus, consisting of the C-terminal two-thirds of AgrB (the putative processing enzyme), AgrD, and the N-terminal half of AgrC (the receptor), shows striking interstrain variation. This finding has led to the division of Staphylococcus aureus isolates into three different agr specificity groups and to the division of non- aureus staphylococci into a number of others. The AIPs cross-inhibit the agr responses between groups. We have previously shown that most menstrual toxic shock strains belong to agr specificity group III but that no strong clinical identity has been associated with strains of the other two groups. In the present report, we demonstrate a fourth agr specificity group among S. aureus strains and show that most exfoliatin-producing strains belong to this group. A striking common feature of group IV strains is activation of the agr response early in exponential phase, at least 2 h earlier than in strains of the other groups. This finding raises the question of the biological significance of the agr autoinduction threshold.
Combining clinical and biofluid markers for early Parkinson's disease detection (2017)

Accurate early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is essential. Using data available from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study, we identified a multivariate logistic regression model including cerebrospinal fluid <i>α</i>-synuclein, olfactory function, age, and gender that achieved a high degree of discrimination between patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy control or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit participants. Additionally, the model could predict the conversion of scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit to Parkinson's disease, as well as discriminate between normal and impaired subjects with leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations. Although further validation is needed, this model may serve as an alternative method to neuroimaging screening in Parkinson's disease studies.
The Metabolism and Biological Activity of a (2016)

In order to test the metabolic stability of 9-substituted cytokinins, 6-benzylamino-9-methyl purine has been synthesized and labeled with 14C in the 9-methyl carbon or doubly labeled with 14C in the 9-methyl carbon and 3H in the methylene moiety of the side chain. Although the 6benzylamino-9-methylpurine is chemically stable, cytokinin-requiring tissues begin removing the 9-substituent in as little as 10 minutes. Among the various metabolic products is free benzylaminopurine. Thus, the biological activity of 9-substituted cytokinins could be accounted for by their conversion to the free base.
Quantification of HER2 and estrogen receptor heterogeneity in breast cancer by single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (2017)

Intra-tumor heterogeneity is a pervasive property of human cancers that poses a major clinical challenge. Here, we describe the characterization, at the transcriptional level, of the intra-tumor topography of two prominent breast cancer biomarkers and drug targets, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor 1 (ER) in 49 archival breast cancer samples. We developed a protocol for single-molecule RNA FISH in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (FFPE-smFISH), which enabled us to simultaneously detect and perform absolute quantification of HER2 and ER mature transcripts in single cells and multiple tumor regions. We benchmarked our method with standard diagnostic techniques, demonstrating that FFPE-smFISH is able to correctly classify breast cancers into well-established molecular subgroups. By counting transcripts in thousands of single cells, we identified different expression modes and levels of inter-cellular variability. In samples expressing both HER2 and ER, many cells co-expressed both genes, although expression levels were typically uncorrelated. Finally, we applied diversity metrics from the field of ecology to assess the intra-tumor topography of HER2 and ER gene expression, revealing that the spatial distribution of these key biomarkers can vary substantially even among breast cancers of the same subtype. Our results demonstrate that FFPE-smFISH is a reliable diagnostic assay and a powerful method for quantification of intra-tumor transcriptional heterogeneity of selected biomarkers in clinical samples.
Adapterama II: Universal amplicon sequencing on Illumina platforms (TaggiMatrix) (2019)

Abstract Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of amplicons is used in a wide variety of contexts. Most NGS amplicon sequencing remains overly expensive and inflexible, with library preparation strategies relying upon the fusion of locus-specific primers to full-length adapter sequences with a single identifying sequence or ligating adapters onto PCR products. In Adapterama I , we presented universal stubs and primers to produce thousands of unique index combinations and a modifiable system for incorporating them into Illumina libraries. Here, we describe multiple ways to use the Adapterama system and other approaches for amplicon sequencing on Illumina instruments. In the variant we use most frequently for large-scale projects, we fuse partial adapter sequences (TruSeq or Nextera) onto the 5’ end of locus-specific PCR primers with variable-length tag sequences between the adapter and locus-specific sequences. These fusion primers can be used combinatorially to amplify samples within a 96-well plate (eight forward primers + 12 reverse primers yield 8 × 12 = 96 combinations), and the resulting amplicons can be pooled. The initial PCR products then serve as template for a second round of PCR with dual-indexed iTru or iNext primers (also used combinatorially) to make full-length libraries. The resulting quadruple-indexed amplicons have diversity at most base positions and can be pooled with any standard Illumina library for sequencing. The number of sequencing reads from the amplicon pools can be adjusted, facilitating deep sequencing when required or reducing sequencing costs per sample to an economically trivial amount when deep coverage is not needed. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of our approaches with results from six projects using different implementations of our protocols. Thus, we show that these methods facilitate amplicon library construction for Illumina instruments at reduced cost with increased flexibility. A simple web page to design fusion primers compatible with iTru primers is available at: http://baddna.uga.edu/tools-taggi.html . A fast and easy to use program to demultiplex amplicon pools with internal indexes is available at: https://github.com/lefeverde/Mr_Demuxy .
pdx1 Knockout Leads to a Diabetic Nephropathy-Like Phenotype in Zebrafish and Identifies Phosphatidylethanolamine as Metabolite Promoting Early Diabetic Kidney Damage (2022)

The &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; zebrafish mutant was recently established as a novel animal model of diabetic retinopathy. Here, we investigate whether knockout of &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt; also leads to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; larvae exhibit several signs of early DKD such as glomerular hypertrophy, impairments in the filtration barrier corresponding to microalbuminuria and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. Adult &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; mutants show progressive GBM thickening in comparison to the larval state. Heterozygous &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt; knockout also leads to glomerular hypertrophy as initial establishment of DKD similar to the &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; larvae. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of adult &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;sup&gt;+/-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; kidneys uncovered regulations in multiple expected diabetic pathways related to podocyte disruption and hinting at early vascular dysregulation without obvious morphological alterations. Metabolome analysis and pharmacological intervention experiments revealed the contribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdE) in the early establishment of kidney damage. In conclusion, this study identified the &lt;i&gt;pdx1&lt;/i&gt; mutant as a novel model for the study of DKD showing signs of the early disease progression already in larval stage and several selective features of later DKD in adult mutants.