gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid cryptographic technique using OTP:RSA (2017)

Communication plays a vital role in our day to day life for sharing the data. The data must be confidential and protected. Protecting the information is very important during communication because it is shared over the internet. This causes accessing of information by the unauthorized interceptors. Cryptography plays a major part in tools of security. It is a method that changes plain message into cipher form. In cloud computing, most of the researchers used the technique of either Symmetric key encryption or asymmetric encryption. In this paper a hybrid technique of using both Symmetric-key and Asymmetric-key algorithm is implemented to give strong security. Initially the original data is enciphered by OTP and the OTP keys are enciphered with RSA after that the encrypted key of OTP by RSA will be stored in the cloud. The receiver has to decrypt the encrypted OTP key first then the request for getting data encrypted with OTP is sent to the sender. The sender analyzes the user information and sends the encrypted data (with OTP) to the cloud with life span. The receiver gets the encrypted data and decrypted it using the already received key. If the receiver failed to retrieve the data within a life span period then he/she has to request again. Outcome of this method provides a better protection. Also the time taken to encipher the data is quicker than the already existing method. The attack of brute force is impossible for this method.
Prestressing Concrete with CFRP Composites for Sustainability and Corrosion-Free Applications (2018)

Advancement in material science has enabled the engineers to enhance the strength and long-term behavior of concrete structures. The conventional approach is to use steel for prestressed bridge girders. Despite having good ductility and strength, beams prestressed with steel are susceptible to corrosion when subjected to environmental exposure. The corrosion of the prestressing steel reduces load carrying capacity of the prestressed member and result in catastrophic failures. In the last decades, more durable composite materials such as Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) have been implemented in concrete structures as a solution to this problem. Among these materials, CFRP stands out as a primary prestressing reinforcement, which has the potential to replace steel and provide corrosion free prestressed bridge girders. Despite its promise, prestressing CFRP has not frequently been used for bridge construction worldwide. The major contributing factor to the lack of advancement of this promising technology in the United States (U.S.) is the lack of comprehensive design specifications. Apart from a limited number of guides, manuals, and commentaries, there is currently no standard or comprehensive design guideline available to bridge engineers in the U.S. for the design of concrete structures prestressed with CFRP systems. The main goal is to develop design guidelines in AASHTO-LRFD format for concrete bridge girders with prestressing CFRP materials. The guidelines are intended to address the limitation in current AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications which is applicable for prestressed bridge girders with steel strands. To accomplish this goal, some of the critical parameters that affect the design and long-term behavior of prestressed concrete bridge girders with prestressing CFRP systems are identified and included in the research work. This paper presents preliminary results of an experimental study that is part of a National Highway Co-operative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project.
Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of purified Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp) from newly isolated rubber degrading Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain RPK1 reveals novel properties of Lcp (2016)

Our data point to substantial differences in the active sites of Lcp proteins obtained from different rubber degrading bacteria.
A Fmoc/Boc pseudoisocytosine monomer for peptide nucleic acid synthesis (2008)

The synthesis of N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)isocytosin-5-yl)acetyl]glycine peptide nucleic acid monomer is described. The N-tert-butoxycarbonyl protected monomer is compatible with commercially available monomers designed for the Fmoc-oligomerization strategy and is deprotected under mild acidolysis conditions.Key words: PNA, polyamide, pseudoisocytosine, J-base, triplex.
Analysis of Fission Products Using Capillary Electrophoresis with On-Line Radioactivity Detection (1997)

Capillary electrophoresis has been used to separate metal ions characteristically associated with nuclear fission. Indirect UV absorbance and on-line radioactivity detection were used simultaneously to monitor the analytes. The radioactivity detector consists of conical plastic scintillating material with the capillary passing through the center to provide a 4π detection geometry. The wide end of the cone is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Transient isotachophoretic techniques were employed to stack large volumes of samples which had low specific activities. Radioactivity detection of (152)Eu and (137)Cs was achieved at the nanocurie level for 80-100 nL injections. The detector is approximately 80% efficient, enabling samples resident in the detector window for 0.1 min to be reliably assayed. The separation of (137)Cs and (137m)Ba isotopes, which are in secular equilibrium, was modeled to demonstrate the effects of the rapid decay of (137m)Ba.
Modelling size, load and velocity effect on friction at micro/nanoscale (2007)

A model for size-, load-, and velocity-dependence of friction at micro/nanoscale is proposed. The friction force is equal to the real area of contact, depending upon the normal load, apparent size of contact (due to the surface self-affinity), and the sliding velocity (state-and-rate friction law), multiplied by the interfacial shear strength, depending upon the average size of individual asperity contacts a, while a, in turn, depends on the real area of contact (due to surface topography). The model accounts for effects of size, load and sliding velocity on friction and considers them in combination.
Thin Shell Concrete Structures of Félix Candela and Max Borges Jr. (2020)

Max Borges Jr. (1918 – 2009) was an architect of thin shell concrete structures in Cuba in the 1950's. During this time, Félix Candela (1910 – 1997) owned a construction company that was dedicated to the design and construction of thin shells. Candela also owned an international reputation as a designer of thin shells in the hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) form. The two men worked together for the first time on a project in Mexico City in 1954, and since then collaborated on several more, most of them in Cuba. This paper illustrates the architect – engineer relationship between Borges and Candela and documents the collaborative projects between them. The research grew out of a course co-taught by the authors, where the course was inspired by the style of teaching of David Billington (1927 – 2018) that integrates engineering with the humanities. Billington believed in scholarship based on historical studies and documentation of heritage structures. This paper is in tribute to this great man who continues to inspire.
Developmental underpinnings of differences in rodent novelty‐seeking and emotional reactivity (2011)

Innate differences in human temperament strongly influence how individuals cope with stress and also predispose towards specific types of psychopathology. The present study examines the developing brain in an animal model of temperamental differences to examine how altered neurodevelopment may engender differences in emotional reactivity that are stable throughout the animal's life. We utilize selectively-bred High Responder (bHR) and Low Responder (bLR) rats that exhibit dramatic emotional behavior differences, with bHRs exhibiting exaggerated novelty-exploration, aggression, impulsivity and drug self-administration, and bLRs showing marked behavioral inhibition and exaggerated anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. Using Affymetrix microarrays, we assessed bLR and bHR gene expression in the developing brain on postnatal days (P)7, 14 and 21, focusing on the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, two regions related to emotionality and known to differ in adult bLR and bHR rats. We found dramatic gene expression differences between bLR and bHR in the P7 and P14 hippocampus, with minimal differences in the nucleus accumbens. Some of the most profound differences involved genes critical for neurodevelopment and synaptogenesis. Stereological studies evaluated hippocampal structure in developing bHR and bLR pups, revealing enhanced hippocampal volume and cell proliferation in bLR animals. Finally, behavioral studies showed that the characteristic bHR and bLR behavioral phenotypes emerge very early in life, with exploratory differences apparent at P16 and anxiety differences present by P25. Together these data point to specific brain regions and critical periods when the bHR and bLR phenotypes begin to diverge, which may eventually allow us to test possible therapeutic interventions to normalize extreme phenotypes (e.g. the anxiety-prone nature of bLRs or drug addiction proclivity of bHRs).
Spectroscopic and Computational Investigations of Stable Radical Anions of Triosmium Benzoheterocycle Clusters (2003)

The variable temperature (1)H and (13)C NMR and EPR spectra of the stable radical anions [Os(3)(CO)(9)(micro(3)-eta(2)-L)(micro-H)] (LH=phenanthridine, 1; 5,6-benzoquinoline, 2), and [Os(3)(CO)(10)(micro(3)-eta(2)-L)(micro-H)] (LH=quinoxaline, 3) are reported. The radical anions 1(-), 2(-), and 3(-) can be prepared by both exhaustive electrolysis and partially by chemical reduction with cobaltocene and with sodium dispersion (only with sodium dispersion in the case of 3(-)). DFT calculations on 1-3 reveal that the LUMO for the electron-deficient compounds 1 and 2 involves significant contributions from both the heterocyclic ligand and the two metal atoms bridged by the ligand and the micro-hydride. The character of this orbital rationalizes the previously observed regioselective reactions of these complexes with nucleophiles. In contrast, the LUMO for the electron precise 3 involves only ligand-based orbitals. Partial chemical reduction of 1 and 2 requires an excess of either cobaltocene or sodium, and their (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra reveal selective line broadening of those proton resonances that are predicted by DFT calculations to bear the greatest amount of free spin density. The variable temperature behavior of the partially chemically reduced species of 1 and 2 indicates that electron transfer between the reduced/unreduced cluster pair and between the cobaltocene/cobaltocenium pair occurs on the NMR timescale. The radical anions of 1 and 2 prepared by exhaustive electrolysis show an EPR signal at room temperature, while the NMR signals are uniformly broadened. Compound 3 appears to be partially reduced by sodium at room temperature and shows uniformly broadened (1)H NMR resonances at room temperature that sharpen significantly at -80 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the spectra are discussed in terms of the effects of relative electron nuclear relaxation processes, chemical exchange, and the results of the DFT calculations.
Fluorescent-based lifetime measurement thermometer for use at subroom temperatures (200–300 K) (1995)

The development, construction, and evaluation of a simple ruby-based fiber optic thermometer, for use over the region 200–300 K, are described. The results are compared with those obtained from a simple theoretical model, which may be used for system calibration, and with those of previously published work, and good agreement is seen. The application of such a sensor to the food processing industry and environmental monitoring is indicated.
A fast surface-panel method capable of solving million-element problems (1997)

Methods based on distributed surface singularities have gained great acceptance throughout the industry. Commonly known as surface panel methods, these tools are applicable to a wide range of aerodynamic problems related to incompressible flows. They have achieved their popularity in large part to the relative ease with which the corresponding problems can be set up by the user. Yet. due to their natural computational complexity, O(N), they have been traditionally restricted to relatively small cases; previously, a problem with 20, 000 panels was considered to be extremely large in terms of computational expense. A new algorithm has been developed and is presented herein for this mature, well proven methodology. Through comparisons with a known exact solution, the accuracy of the new method is shown to be consistant with that of the classical approach. The operation count of the new algorithm scales with O(N log(AT)). This is verified with results on a torus whose surface definition is systematically refined from 1,024 to 1,048,576 panels. The fundamental build-up and description of the new algorithm is provided and is compared with similar techniques developed in the fields of: particle simulations, astrophysics and electronics. For internal flows, such as in fCo-Foundcr, HydroAero Consulting Group: Senior Member, AIAA; Senior Principal Engineer, Douglas Aircraft Co. AIAA Paper 97-0168 Copyright ©1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved the case of the torus, it is shown that a very large number of panels are required. Solutions about a Whitbread-race sailboat design (underwater components) and a generic Indy 500 race car configuration are also provided. Characteristics of the race car problem illustrate the robustness of present method's iterative solver.
Chemical oxygen — iodine laser with mixing of supersonic jets (1997)

The results are reported of the first investigation of a chemical oxygen — iodine laser with supersonic mixing of parallel jets of oxygen and of a mixture of nitrogen with iodine. It was found that, in principle, such a laser system is feasible. The maximum output power was 160 and 130 W with the chemical efficiency 13% and 14.3%, respectively. An analysis of the results of a numerical calculation indicated that the investigated method of formation of the active medium is promising.
Purification of a Lysophospholipase from Bovine Brain That Selectively Deacylates Arachidonoyl-substituted Lysophosphatidylcholine (1996)

A high activity lysophospholipase A (lysoPLA) was purified from the soluble fraction of bovine brain. The separation included sequential DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose FF, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, and Q-Sepharose FF column chromatography. Mono Q, Sephacryl S300HR, and hydroxylapatite column chromatography in the presence of the detergent CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) and glycerol further purified the activity to 17,000-fold. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using nondenaturing conditions. The pure enzyme migrated as a single polypeptide of 95 kDa mass by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and deacylated arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (ara-lysoPC) at rate of 70 µmol/(min mg). The enzyme showed selectivity for arachidonoyl-substituted lysoPC, since palmitoyl-lysoPC was deacylated at a much lower rate (7 µmol/(min mg)). LysoPLA activity was maximal at pH 7.4-8.0 and was increased 1.3-fold by MgCl2 (5 mM). By including MgCl2, however, the range of optimal activity was expanded to pH values up to 9.0. The 95-kDa protein also deacylated arachidonoyl groups from 1-O-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC (PLA2 activity) at a rate of 15 µmol/(min mg). Moreover, the deacylation of arachidonoyl groups from diacylPC was greatly increased by including purified bovine brain PLA1 in the reaction mixture. Thus, the same 95-kDa polypeptide catalyzed both lysoPLA and PLA2 activities, but the rate of arachidonoyl group deacylation was increased by prior sn-1 deacylation. Finally, the 95-kDa polypeptide cross-reacted with antibodies raised against a human recombinant cPLA2, implying that the 95-kDa protein is structurally similar to cPLA2. Additionally, these data suggest that the combined actions of PLA1 and the 95-kDa protein generate significant amounts of free arachidonic acid in the brain.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4-(Dioxobutyl)dihydroquinolines and -pyridines by Chloroformiate-Mediated Reaction of 1,3-Bis(Silyl Enol Ethers) with Quinolines and Pyridines (2009)

2,4-(Dioxobutyl)dihydroquinolines and -pyridines were prepared by chloroformiate-mediated reaction of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with quinolines and pyridines.
Research on the anti-tumour effect of steroid lactam alkylator (NSC-294859) in comparison with conventional chemotherapeutics in malignant melanoma (2005)

Evidence indicating that hybrid steroid compounds of anti-cancer agents produce reduced toxicity, significantly lower than the cytotoxic components alone, and increased anti-cancer activity has prompted the design and development of such steroids, mostly alkylating esters. We investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo activity of a homo-aza-steroidal alkylating ester (HASE), in comparison with dacarbazine (DTIC), cisplatin (CPDD), carmustine (BCNU) and semustine (MeCCNU), in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using a panel of six human malignant melanoma cell lines, with or without the presence of rat liver microsome assay. B16 melanoma-bearing mice were used to evaluate in vivo the anti-tumour activity of the tested compounds. In all cases of in-vitro screening, HASE displayed a significantly higher (P<0.0001) cytostatic and cytotoxic effect than DTIC, BCNU and MeCCNU, but produced significantly lower (P<0.0001) activity than CPDD. HASE exhibited a significantly smaller range than CPDD between concentration levels that produced growth arrest and those that induced a cytotoxic effect against melanoma cells in vitro. The anti-tumour activity of HASE in B16 melanoma-bearing mice, as determined by tumour growth rate inhibition (<42%) and percentage survival prolongation (treated versus control, 167%), was significantly superior (P<0.001) to that achieved by DTIC, BCNU and MeCCNU and was equal to that of CPDD. HASE exhibited a toxicity similar to that of DTIC, BCNU and MeCCNU, but significantly lower than that of CPDD. It can be concluded that HASE displays significant in-vitro and in-vivo activity in the treatment of melanoma.
Where have all the tickets gone? (2010)

In a large and complex outsourcing organization, with millions of incidents being handled by hundreds of geographically dispersed workgroups, each workgroup is typically measured on the number of incidents it receives, the percentage it resolves, and the average duration for each incident it processes. Incidents that are misrouted will take longer to be resolved. This can lead to the situation where all workgroups are meeting their individual service levels, but the overall service still delivers poor customer satisfaction. In this paper we describe a new approach to analyzing the efficiency of an IT service organization using existing data to provide insight into the quality of incident transfer between workgroups. Based on this approach, we have developed a tool - the IT X-ray - that an analyst can use to quickly provide service organizations with an indication of where incident routing problems are occurring, leading to increased customer satisfaction and reduced delivery costs.
Cascading Bandits (2015)

A search engine usually outputs a list of $K$ web pages. The user examines this list, from the first web page to the last, and chooses the first attractive page. This model of user behavior is known as the cascade model. In this paper, we propose cascading bandits, a learning variant of the cascade model where the objective is to identify $K$ most attractive items. We formulate our problem as a stochastic combinatorial partial monitoring problem. We propose two algorithms for solving it, CascadeUCB1 and CascadeKL-UCB. We also prove gap-dependent upper bounds on the regret of these algorithms and derive a lower bound on the regret in cascading bandits. The lower bound matches the upper bound of CascadeKL-UCB up to a logarithmic factor. We experiment with our algorithms on several problems. The algorithms perform surprisingly well even when our modeling assumptions are violated.
Country of birth affects blood pressure in the French hypertensive diabetic population (2015)

In a population of 56,242 individuals living in France, we showed that individuals born in France have significantly different levels of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors than African and Asian populations born in their own country but living long-term in France (average duration of stay, 5-10 years). The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of country of birth on BP and CV risk factors in a subpopulation of 9245 patients selected solely on the diagnosis of hypertension, either alone or with simultaneous type 2 diabetes. In the subgroup of individuals with hypertension alone, brachial systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), augmentation index and PP amplification were significantly higher in African-born than French- and Asian-born populations. In the subgroup of individuals with both hypertension and diabetes, only augmentation index, PP amplification and brachial and central PP, but not brachial systolic, diastolic, mean BP, and HR, were elevated when the African-born subgroup was compared to the French- and Asian-born populations. Increased body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and deprivation scores, but not increased plasma lipids or glycemia, were consistently associated with the African-born population. The combination of diabetes and hypertension in African populations was associated with increased aortic stiffness and PP, together with greater body weight and WHR. In individuals with increased PP and hence systolic hypertension, increased PP requires systolic BP to be reduced whereas notable reductions in diastolic BP may have deleterious consequences.
The Conversational Short-phrase Speaker Diarization (CSSD) Task: Dataset, Evaluation Metric and Baselines (2022)

The conversation scenario is one of the most important and most challenging scenarios for speech processing technologies because people in conversation respond to each other in a casual style. Detecting the speech activities of each person in a conversation is vital to downstream tasks, like natural language processing, machine translation, etc. People refer to the detection technology of "who speak when" as speaker diarization (SD). Traditionally, diarization error rate (DER) has been used as the standard evaluation metric of SD systems for a long time. However, DER fails to give enough importance to short conversational phrases, which are short but important on the semantic level. Also, a carefully and accurately manually-annotated testing dataset suitable for evaluating the conversational SD technologies is still unavailable in the speech community. In this paper, we design and describe the Conversational Short-phrases Speaker Diarization (CSSD) task, which consists of training and testing datasets, evaluation metric and baselines. In the dataset aspect, despite the previously open-sourced 180-hour conversational MagicData-RAMC dataset, we prepare an individual 20-hour conversational speech test dataset with carefully and artificially verified speakers timestamps annotations for the CSSD task. In the metric aspect, we design the new conversational DER (CDER) evaluation metric, which calculates the SD accuracy at the utterance level. In the baseline aspect, we adopt a commonly used method: Variational Bayes HMM x-vector system, as the baseline of the CSSD task. Our evaluation metric is publicly available at https://github.com/SpeechClub/CDER_Metric.