gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved driver-behavior model with combined individual and general driving characteristics (2012)

In this paper, we propose a stochastic driver-behavior modeling framework which takes into account both individual and general driving characteristics as one aggregate model. Patterns of individual driving styles are modeled using Dirichlet process mixture model, a nonparametric Bayesian approach which automatically selects the optimal number of model components to fit sparse observations of each particular driver's behavior. In addition, general or background driving patterns are also captured with a Gaussian mixture model using a reasonably large amount of development observed data from several drivers. By combining both probability distributions, the aggregate driver-dependent model can better emphasize driving characteristics of each particular driver, while also backing off to exploit general driving behavior in cases of unmatched parameter spaces from individual training observations. The proposed driver-behavior model was employed to anticipate pedal-operation behavior during car-following maneuvers involving several drivers on the road. The experimental results showed advantages of the combined model over the adapted model previously proposed.
Indications for Direct Laryngoscopic Examination of Vocal Cord Function Prior to Anterior Cervical Surgery (2016)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is among the most common complications in both thyroid surgeries and anterior approaches to the cervical spine, having both a diverse etiology and presentation. Most bilateral paresis, with subsequent devastating impact on patients, are due to failure to recognize unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and, although rare, are entirely preventable with appropriate history and screening. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy has been shown to present asymptomatically in as high as 32% of cases, which yields limitations on exclusively screening with physical examination. Based on the available literature, diagnosis of unilateral RLNP is the critical factor in preventing the occurrence of bilateral RLNP as the surgeon may elect to operate on the injured side to prevent bilateral paresis. Analysis of incidence rates shows postoperative development of unilateral RLNP is 13.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.1-28.1) and 13.90 (95% CI: 6.6-29.3) times more likely in anterior spine and thyroid surgery, respectively, in comparison with intubation. Currently, there is no consensus on when to order a preoperative laryngoscopic examination prior to anterior cervical spine surgery. The importance of patient history should be emphasized, as it is the basis for indications of preoperative laryngoscopy. Efforts to minimize postoperative complications must be made, especially when considering the rising rate of cervical fusion. This study presents a systematic review of the literature defining key causes of RLNP, with a probability-based protocol to indicate direct laryngoscopy prior to anterior cervical surgery as a screening tool in the prevention of bilateral RLNP.
EUV pupil optimization for 32nm pitch logic structures (2018)

A pupil optimization was carried out for the M2 layer of the imec N7 (foundry N5 equivalent) logic design. This is exposed as a single print EUV layer. We focused on the printability of the toughest parts of the design: a dense line space grating of 32 nm pitch and a tip-tip grating of 32 nm pitch, tip-to-tip target CD of 25 nm. We found that the pupil optimization can improve both the line space and the tip-to-tip gratings energy latitude and depth of focus. The tip-to-tip target CD can be pushed further, enabling further design scaling.
Identification of novel therapeutics for complex diseases from genome-wide association data (2014)

By integrating genetic, bioinformatic and drug data, we have demonstrated that currently available drugs may be repositioned as novel therapeutics for the seven diseases studied here, quickly taking advantage of prior work in pharmaceutics to translate ground-breaking results in genetics to clinical treatments.
Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis (2017)

Sedimentary hydrocarbon remnants of eukaryotic C<sub>26</sub>-C<sub>30</sub> sterols can be used to reconstruct early algal evolution. Enhanced C<sub>29</sub> sterol abundances provide algal cell membranes a density advantage in large temperature fluctuations. Here, we combined a literature review with new analyses to generate a comprehensive inventory of unambiguously syngenetic steranes in Neoproterozoic rocks. Our results show that the capacity for C<sub>29</sub> 24-ethyl-sterol biosynthesis emerged in the Cryogenian, that is, between 720 and 635 million years ago during the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth glaciations, which were an evolutionary stimulant, not a bottleneck. This biochemical innovation heralded the rise of green algae to global dominance of marine ecosystems and highlights the environmental drivers for the evolution of sterol biosynthesis. The Cryogenian emergence of C<sub>29</sub> sterol biosynthesis places a benchmark for verifying older sterane signatures and sets a new framework for our understanding of early algal evolution.
A spreadsheet technique for dosimetry of transperineal prostate implants (1995)

Although conceptually straightforward, dosimetry of permanent 125I seed prostate implants is not necessarily easy to implement in clinical practice, especially for institutions that are unwilling or unable to modify their commercial RTP systems. Spreadsheet techniques that aid in both preimplant treatment planning and post-implant dosimetric evaluation have been developed. The first spreadsheet converts the seed distribution expressed in terms of template grid coordinates to the format suitable for input into the RTP system, and determines the positions and loading patterns of individual needles. The second spreadsheet macroprogram is designed, as a modification of the Roy et al. [Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 26, 163-169 (1993)] technique, to interactively determine physical seed locations from the post-implant CT images. Although less automated than described elsewhere, this approach was found acceptable for clinical practice at our institution.
Distributed source modeling of intracranial stereoelectroencephalographic measurements (2020)

Abstract Intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) provides unsurpassed sensitivity and specificity for human neurophysiology. However, sEEG group analyses are complicated because the electrode implantations differ greatly across individuals. Here, using an auditory experiment as the test case, we developed a distributed, anatomically realistic sEEG source-modeling approach for within- and between-subject analyses. In addition to intracranial event-related potentials (iERP), we also estimated the sources of high broadband gamma activity (HBBG), a putative correlate of local neural firing. The source models accounted for a significant portion of the variance of the sEEG measurements in leave-one-out cross-validation. After logarithmic transformations, the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio were linearly inversely related to the minimal distance between the brain location and electrode contacts (slope≈-3.6). The HGGB source estimates were remarkably consistent with analyses of intracranial-contact data. In conclusion, distributed sEEG source modeling provides a powerful neuroimaging tool, which facilitates anatomically-normalized group analyses of both iERP and HBBG.
Contactless monitoring of Si substrate permittivity and resistivity from microwave to millimeter wave frequencies (2010)

Abstract A contactless and nondestructive technique is employed for characterizing single‐sided metallised silicon wafers. The reflection spectra are measured using a quasi‐optical millmeter‐wave setup in the frequency range 40–320 GHz. The results are compared with those provided by the coplanar waveguide method, in terms of accuracy and range of applicability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2500–2505, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25524
Mask data correction methodology in the context of model-based fracturing and advanced mask models (2011)

The current equations used for back-scattering and fogging effect corrections are reviewed in the context of model-based fracturing where shots can overlap and the dose of each shot can be set individually. A new set of equations is proposed and verified. The formulation is shown to lift some restrictions imposed by the older formulation such as the minimum shot size dimension. The new equations validate the idea to use model-based mask data preparation to correct short range and possibly mid-range mask fabrication distortions and let the mask writer correct long range and very long range effects. Using current mask writing equipment, the correction of back-scattering and fogging effects for overlapping shots can be performed accurately if the dose correction of each shot takes into account all the shots. Verification of the theory was performed using directly the modified equations to calculate the dose for each shot. The simulation of the mask image after correction perfectly overlaps the target image defined using short range and midrange simulations.
Preparation and Characterization of Freely-Suspended Graphene Nanomechanical Membrane Devices with Quantum Dots for Point-of-Care Applications (2020)

We demonstrate freely suspended graphene-based nanomechanical membranes (NMMs) as acoustic sensors in the audible frequency range. Simple and low-cost procedures are used to fabricate NMMs with various thicknesses based on graphene layers grown by graphite exfoliation and solution processed graphene oxide. In addition, NMMs are grafted with quantum dots (QDs) for characterizing mass sensitive vibrational properties. Thickness, roughness, deformation, deflection and emissions of NMMs with attached QDs are experimented and analyzed by utilizing atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, laser induced deflection analyzer and spectrophotometers. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is experimentally achieved between the QDs attached on NMMs and nearby glass surfaces for illustrating acousto-optic utilization in future experimental implementations combining vibrational properties of NMMs with optical emission properties of QDs. This property denoted as vibrating FRET (VFRET) is previously introduced in theoretical studies while important experimental steps are for the first time achieved in this study for future VFRET implementations. The proposed modeling and experimental methodology are promising for future novel applications such as NMM based biosensing, photonics and VFRET based point-of-care (PoC) devices.
Diverse p63 and p73 isoforms regulate Δ133p53 expression through modulation of the internal TP53 promoter activity (2011)

In response to stress, p53 binds and transactivates the internal TP53 promoter, thus regulating the expression of its own isoform, Δ133p53α. Here, we report that, in addition to p53, at least four p63/p73 isoforms regulate Δ133p53 expression at transcriptional level: p63β, ΔNp63α, ΔNp63β and ΔNp73γ. This regulation occurs through direct DNA-binding to the internal TP53 promoter as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and the use of DNA-binding mutant p63. The promoter regions involved in the p63/p73-mediated transactivation were identified using deleted, mutant and polymorphic luciferase reporter constructs. In addition, we observed that transient expression of p53 family members modulates endogenous Δ133p53α expression at both mRNA and protein levels. We also report concomitant variation of p63 and Δ133p53 expression during keratinocyte differentiation of HaCat cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from mutated p63 ectodermal dysplasia patients. Finally, proliferation assays indicated that Δ133p53α isoform regulates the anti-proliferative activities of p63β, ΔNp63α, ΔNp63β and ΔNp73γ. Overall, this study shows a strong interplay between p53, p63 and p73 isoforms to orchestrate cell fate outcome.
Cooperativity and allosteric regulation of yeast diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGA1 (2011)

The esterification of the Kennedy Pathway intermediate diacylglycerol generates the energy storage molecule, triglyceride. Alternatively, diacylglycerol can be used as a precursor for phospholipids. Therefore, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), mainly mediated by DGA1 in S. cerevisiae , is a putative control point for the storage or structural utilization of acyl chains. Our in vitro DGAT assays using lro1are1are2 yeast microsomes indicated a distinct sigmoidal relationship between oleoyl‐CoA concentration and relative specific activity (Hill number = 3.0). This apparent cooperativity lead to our hypothesis that DGA1 is allosterically regulated. Subsequent in vitro DGAT assays included metabolites that, based on the regulation of other key enzymes in metabolism, are “metabolic indicators”. Elevated levels of ATP, NADH, acetyl‐CoA, and malonyl‐CoA are indicative of an energy‐rich cell. Elevated levels of AMP, ADP, and NAD + are indicative of an energy‐poor cell. Initial experiments (n = 3) with estimated physiological concentrations of these metabolites found only 0.8 mM NAD + to have an effect. The K 0.5 was increased by about 20%. Such a direct connection between NAD + levels and triglyceride synthetic enzymes has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. Funding was provided by the Pennsylvania ‐ Delaware affiliate of the American Heart Association.
Making The Magic Egg: A Personal Account (1986)

The cover image is a frame from a spectacular fifteen minute computer generated Omnimax film called The Magic Egg which was created as a collaborative effort among about 20 computer laboratories around the country. The film is all the more remarkable considering that the majority of the work was done in only five months, and for most of us it was our first attempt at generating high resolution animation, let alone animation for projection on a giant domed screen. The following is a personal account from the perspective of a contributor to the film of the exhilarating but chaotic process by which this project came together.
Electrofluorescence (2023)

These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.
A scalable symbolic simulation tool for low power embedded systems (2022)

Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of using symbolic simulation to perform hardware software co-analysis on an application-processor pair and developed a variety of hardware and software design techniques and optimizations, ranging from providing system security guarantees to automated generation of application-specific bespoke processors. Despite their potential benefits, current state-of-the-art symbolic simulation tools for hardware-software co-analysis are restricted in their applicability, since prior work relies on a costly process of building a custom simulation tool for each processor design to be simulated. Furthermore, prior work does not describe how to extend the symbolic analysis technique to other processor designs.
CNS-accessible Inhibitor of Glucosylceramide Synthase for Substrate Reduction Therapy of Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease (2016)

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase and the consequent lysosomal accumulation of unmetabolized glycolipid substrates. Enzyme-replacement therapy adequately manages the visceral manifestations of nonneuronopathic type-1 Gaucher patients, but not the brain disease in neuronopathic types 2 and 3 GD. Substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) has also been shown to effectively treat the visceral disease. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel small molecule inhibitor of GCS with central nervous system (CNS) access (Genz-682452) to treat the brain disease. Treatment of the conduritol β epoxide-induced mouse model of neuronopathic GD with Genz-682452 reduced the accumulation of liver and brain glycolipids (>70% and >20% respectively), extent of gliosis, and severity of ataxia. In the genetic 4L;C* mouse model, Genz-682452 reduced the levels of substrate in the brain by >40%, the extent of gliosis, and paresis. Importantly, Genz-682452-treated 4L;C* mice also exhibited an ~30% increase in lifespan. Together, these data indicate that an orally available antagonist of GCS that has CNS access is effective at attenuating several of the neuropathologic and behavioral manifestations associated with mouse models of neuronopathic GD. Therefore, Genz-682452 holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for patients with type-3 GD.
Advances in nuclear instrumentation for safeguards (1996)

This paper describes detectors, instrumentation, and analytical methods under development to address the above issues. The authors will describe work underway on room-temperature semiconductors including attempts to model the response of these detectors to improve spectrum analysis procedures and detector design. Computerized tomography is used in many medical and industrial applications; they are developing both gamma-ray and neutron tomography for improved measurements of waste and direct-use materials. Modern electronics and scintillation detectors should permit the development of fast neutron coincidence detectors with dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratios. For active measurements, they are studying several improved neutron sources, including a high-fluence, plasma-based, d-t generator. New analysis tools from information theory may permit one to better combine data from different measurement systems. This paper attempts to briefly describe a range of new sensors, electronics, and data analysis methods under study at Los Alamos and other laboratories to promote discussion of promising technology that they may bring to bear on these important global issues.
Mutual effects of caveolin and nerve growth factor signaling in pig oligodendrocytes (2009)

Signaling of growth factors may depend on the recruitment of their receptors to specialized microdomains. Previous reports on PC12 cells indicated an interaction of raft-organized caveolin and TrkA signaling. Because porcine oligodendrocytes (OLs) respond to nerve growth factor (NGF), we were interested to know whether caveolin also plays a role in oligodendroglial NGF/TrkA signaling. OLs expressed caveolin at the plasma membrane but also intracellularly. This was partially organized in the classically Omega-shaped invaginations, which may represent caveolae. We could show that caveolin and TrkA colocalize by using a discontinuous sucrose gradient (Song et al. [1996] J. Biol. Chem. 271:9690-9697), MACS technology, and immunoprecipitation. However, differential extraction of caveolin and TrkA with Triton X-100 at 4 degrees C indicated that caveolin and TrkA are probably not exclusively present in detergent-resistant, caveolin-containing rafts (CCRs). NGF treatment of OLs up-regulated the expression of caveolin-1 (cav-1) and stimulated tyrosine-14 phosphorylation of cav-1. Furthermore, OLs were transfected with cav-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). A knockdown of cav-1 resulted in a reduced activation of downstream components of the NGF signaling cascade, such as p21Ras and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) after NGF exposure of OLs. Subsequently, increased oligodendroglial process formation via NGF was impaired. The present study indicates that CCRs/caveolin could play a modulating role during oligodendroglial differentiation and regeneration.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Small Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules. (1993)

肺野末梢部の小型病変の質的診断を向上させるために, 三次元CT (3D-CT) 画像を用いた病変の解析が, どの程度質的診断に寄与するかどうかを検討した. 対象は最近6カ月間に三次元CT画像が撮影された症例の中で, 病理学的な確定診断がついた径30mm以下の肺野小型病変35例である.症例の内訳は肺癌21例, 非癌性病変14例であった.三次元CT画像は東芝製TCT-900S, HELIXを使用し, 通常の全肺野の造影CTを撮影後に, helical scan法で病変から肺門部までをCT寝台を2mm/秒で動かしながらひと呼吸で撮影し, 病変と肺血管が描出されるような条件で画像を再1構成した. 3D-CT画像の読影は4人の呼吸器専門医によりprospectiveに行い, 肺癌例では全例において画像と切除病理所見の比較検討を行った. 一方, 非癌性病変は切除例が2例であったため, 肺癌例の3D-CT画像との比較を重点に行った. 肺癌では3D-CT画像における肺血管の巻き込み像や辺縁所見は病理所見とほぼ一致した. 非癌性病変では3D-CT画像での肺血管の病変への関与形態や辺縁所見が肺癌例とは明らかに異なっており, 3D-CT画像を用いた病変の解析が, 肺癌例と非癌性病変の質的な鑑別の一助になる可能性が示唆された.
Response Of Soil Nitrification To The Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Monensin, Ivermectin And Zinc Bacitracin (2014)

Pharmaceutical residues can reach agricultural land through amendment with animal or human waste. Since 2010, a series of replicated plots received annual applications of ivermectin, monensin and zinc bacitracin, either singly or in a mixture, at 0.1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg concentrations. I collected soil samples before and after the fourth annual application of pharmaceuticals and assayed them for functional changes and amoA gene abundance, a gene needed for ammonia oxidation. In 2013, I exposed the soils to 100 mg/kg in a laboratory experiment which resulted in acceleration of nitrification. Under 10 mg/kg treatments in the field the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was suppressed, while ammonia-oxidizing archaea increased, suggesting that bacteria are more sensitive to these pharmaceuticals, and that archaea can expand to occupy the partially vacated niche. None of the pharmaceuticals at the guideline level of 0.1 mg/kg had any effect on soil function or ammonia oxidizing organisms.
Transplantation of Dermal Multipotent Cells Promotes the Hematopoietic Recovery in Sublethally Irradiated Rats (2004)

Our previous study indicated that dermal multipotent cells with the differentiation capacity to form cells with the phenotypic properties of osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and neurons in specific inducing media could be isolated from the enzymatically dissociated dermal cells of newborn rats by their adherence to culture dish plastic. We have also observed that the systemic transplantation of dermal multipotent cells could not repopulate the hematopoietic system in lethally irradiated rats. In this paper, we found that a transplantation of plastic-adherent dermal multipotent cells into sublethally irradiated rats led to a significant increase of white blood cells in peripheral blood, nucleated cells, CFU-GM, and CFU-F colonies in bone marrow. FISH analysis, using a Y-chromosome specific probe, showed that dermal multipotent cells could engraft into bone marrow in recipients. Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis also showed that the proportion of CD2 and CD25 positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood did not change significantly in two weeks after transplantation. By these results, we infer that dermal multipotent cells may represent an alternative origin of mesenchymal stem cells to restore marrow microenvironment and promote the survival, engraftment, and proliferation of hematopoietic cells.