gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing SORNA and the Sixth Amendment: The Case for a "Restricted Circumstance-Specific Approach" (2020)

The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) is in place to protect the public, children especially, from sex offenders. Under SORNA, anyone and everyone convicted of what the law defines as a “sex offense” is required to register as a “sex offender,” providing accurate and up-to-date information on where they live, work, and go to school. Failure to do so constitutes a federal crime punishable by up to ten years imprisonment. But how do federal courts determine whether a particular state-level criminal offense constitutes a “sex offense” under SORNA? Oftentimes when doing comparisons between state and federal law for sentencing purposes, federal courts apply what is known as the “categorical approach,” which involves the courts comparing the elements of the prior state-level offense to those of a generic federal offense to determine whether there is a categorical match between the two. But in the context of SORNA, more and more federal courts are looking beyond the bare elements of a prior state-level conviction to the facts underlying the conviction and using that information to determine whether the defendant before them is indeed a “sex offender” under SORNA. This Comment argues that, while federal sentencing courts may indeed be entitled to look past the bare elements of the prior offense in certain SORNA cases, looking to anything beyond facts that were already admitted by the defendant in a prior proceeding could raise Sixth Amendment concerns. Therefore, this Comment recommends the adoption of new approach to statutory comparison, a “restricted circumstance-specific approach,” that would appropriately balance those Sixth Amendment concerns with Congress’s intent that SORNA protect the public from sex offenders.
Supplementary Fig. S4 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S4 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells
Direct measurement of the transmission matrix of a mesoscopic conductor (1992)

We have developed an experimental approach which permits evaluation of the entire transmission matrix of a mesoscopic conductor. Results are presented from two new investigations enabled by this technique: (a) We study ballistic multiprobe conductors in the limit of weak probe coupling, and (b) we image modal features in the distribution function of electrons emerging from a quantum point contact.
Optimization via Intermittency with a Self-Organizing Neural Network (2005)

One of the major obstacles in using neural networks to solve combinatorial optimization problems is the convergence toward one of the many local minima instead of the global minima. In this letter, we propose a technique that enables a self-organizing neural network to escape from local minima by virtue of the intermittency phenomenon. It gives rise to novel search dynamics that allow the system to visit multiple global minima as meta-stable states. Numerical experiments performed suggest that the phenomenon is a combined effect of Kohonen-type competitive learning and the iterated softmax function operating near bifurcation. The resultant intermittent search exhibits fractal characteristics when the optimization performance is at its peak in the form of 1/f signals in the time evolution of the cost, as well as power law distributions in the meta-stable solution states. TheN-Queens problem is used as an example to illustrate the meta-stable convergence process that sequentially generates, in a single run, 92 solutions to the 8-Queens problem and 4024 solutions to the 17-Queens problem.
SRST2: Rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology labs (2014)

Rapid molecular typing of bacterial pathogens is critical for public health epidemiology, surveillance and infection control, yet routine use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for these purposes poses significant challenges. Here we present SRST2, a read mapping-based tool for fast and accurate detection of genes, alleles and multi-locus sequence types (MLST) from WGS data. Using >900 genomes from common pathogens, we show SRST2 is highly accurate and outperforms assembly-based methods in terms of both gene detection and allele assignment. We include validation of SRST2 within a public health laboratory, and demonstrate its use for microbial genome surveillance in the hospital setting. In the face of rising threats of antimicrobial resistance and emerging virulence among bacterial pathogens, SRST2 represents a powerful tool for rapidly extracting clinically useful information from raw WGS data. Source code is available from http://katholt.github.io/srst2/.
Joining phenomena and joint strength of friction welded joint between aluminium–magnesium alloy (AA5052) and low carbon steel (2009)

The joining phenomena and the joint strength of an Al–Mg alloy (AA5052) and low carbon steel (LCS) friction welded joints were investigated. The weld interface of the LCS side at a friction time of 1·2 s had a slightly transferred AA5052, and then the entire weld interface had it at a friction time of 3·0 s or longer. The joint efficiency increased with increasing friction time, but it decreased at a friction time of 12·0 s or longer. The joint at a friction time of 3·0 s with forge pressure of 190 MPa had 100% joint efficiency and the AA5052 base metal fracture with no crack at the weld interface. The weld interface of these joints also had no intermetallic compound. On the other hand, the joint at a friction time of 8·0 s, which had ∼97% joint efficiency, fractured between the AA5052 side and the weld interface because it had the intermetallic compound at the weld interface.
Shielding Effectiveness of Sodium Alanate and Ammonia Borane for Galactic Cosmic Ray and Solar Energetic Particle Event Environments (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Estimates of the effectiveness of the high-hydrogen containing materials, sodium alanate and ammonia borane, are made by calculating dose and dose equivalent for the 1977 solar minimum and 1970 solar maximum galactic cosmic ray spectra and for the large solar particle event spectra from the space era event of August 1972 and comparing their shielding effectiveness with that of polyethylene.&lt;/div&gt;
A Novel Way To Design Suitable Inorganic Material from the Smectite Family for Sorption of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin (2000)

The activities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), a highly toxic pollutant, and its suitable sorbent from the dioctahedral smectite family are investigated using a range of reactivity indexes using density functional theory (DFT). From the values of the local softness and the charge on the hydrogen atom of the bridging hydroxyl attached to the octahedral metal site present in smectite, used as a first approximation to the local hardness, it is concluded that the local acidities of the inorganic material systems are dependent on several characteristics which are of importance within the framework of the hard and soft acids and bases principle. We first rationalized an understanding of the electronic structure of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, followed by the local softness calculation, to locate its active site. We compared its activity with that of the OH group of the isomorphously substituted (Fe3+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Li+) dioctahedral smectite family. The recently proposed local hard−soft acid−base principle characterizes the reactive centers of two systems on the basis of equal local softness. We validate the proposition by considering the interaction between systems with different global softnesses, which further paves the way for proposing a novel qualitative way to choose the best sorption material. The results were compared with the interaction energy calculations using DFT. The ordering for best sorption follows the order Mg2+ > Fe2+ > Fe3+ > Li+.
Functional effects of KCNQ K+ channels in airway smooth muscle (2013)

KCNQ (Kv7) channels underlie a voltage-gated K(+) current best known for control of neuronal excitability, and its inhibition by Gq/11-coupled, muscarinic signaling. Studies have indicated expression of KCNQ channels in airway smooth muscle (ASM), a tissue that is predominantly regulated by muscarinic receptor signaling. Therefore, we investigated the function of KCNQ channels in rodent ASM and their interplay with Gq/11-coupled M3 muscarinic receptors. Perforated-patch clamp of dissociated ASM cells detected a K(+) current inhibited by the KCNQ antagonist, XE991, and augmented by the specific agonist, flupirtine. KCNQ channels begin to activate at voltages near resting potentials for ASM cells, and indeed XE991 depolarized resting membrane potentials. Muscarinic receptor activation inhibited KCNQ current weakly (~20%) at concentrations half-maximal for contractions. Thus, we were surprised to see that KCNQ had no affect on membrane voltage or muscle contractility following muscarinic activation. Further, M3 receptor-specific antagonist J104129 fumarate alone did not reveal KCNQ effects on muscarinic evoked depolarization or contractility. However, a role for KCNQ channels was revealed when BK-K(+) channel activities are reduced. While KCNQ channels do control resting potentials, they appear to play a redundant role with BK calcium-activated K(+) channels during ASM muscarinic signaling. In contrast to effect of antagonist, we observe that KCNQ agonist flupirtine caused a significant hyperpolarization and reduced contraction in vitro irrespective of muscarinic activation. Using non-invasive whole animal plethysmography, the clinically approved KCNQ agonist retigabine caused a transient reduction in indexes of airway resistance in both wild type and BK β1 knockout (KO) mice treated with the muscarinic agonist. These findings indicate that KCNQ channels can be recruited via agonists to oppose muscarinic evoked contractions and may be of therapeutic value as bronchodilators.
Long-term response in episodic acidification to declining SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt; deposition in two streams in Nova Scotia (2002)

Abstract. Trends in anthropogenically driven episodic acidification associated with extended winter snow melt/rain episodes between 1983 and 1998 were investigated for two streams in Nova Scotia, Canada. The anthropogenic contribution to Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) was analysed using the Boreal Dilution Model (Bishop et al., 2000) modified by applying a sea-salt correction to all input hydrochemistry. The anthropogenic contribution to episodic ANC decline was statistically significant and strongly correlated with the decline in acid deposition, which decreased by approximately 50% during the period of record. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the BDM can be applied to surface waters with sea-salt contributions although the correction increases model uncertainty. Results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of reduced emissions in North America in the last decades in decreasing the severity of episodic acidification in the Atlantic region of Canada. Keywords: episodic acidification, acidification recovery, Nova Scotia, snowmelt, winter
Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among MRSA part 1: focus on global spread (2022)

Over the past several decades, MRSA has spread all over the globe. We encourage the judicious use of antimicrobials in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship programs along with infection control measures to minimize the spread of MRSA.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Alkylthiochloroacetylenes with Sodium Azide. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrated Single-cell and Plasma Proteomic Modeling to Predict Surgical Site Complications: A Prospective Cohort Study (2021)

The multiomic analysis of patients' immune response after surgery and immune state before surgery revealed systemic immune signatures preceding the development of SSCs. Our results suggest that integrating immunological data in perioperative risk assessment paradigms is a plausible strategy to guide individualized clinical care.
Efficient protein–ligand interaction by guaranteeing mesospacing between immobilized biotins (2004)

The streptavidin–biotin interaction on a monolayer of a conically shaped dendrimer was investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and the interaction on the mesospaced surface was found to be as efficient as the one on the mixed monolayers at a lower concentration of immobilized biotin.
Service personalization for unified messaging systems (2003)

In the last two years a variety of concepts for service integration and corresponding systems have gained momentum. On the one hand, they aim for the interworking and integration of classical telecommunications and data communications services, such as telephony, voicemail, facsimile, E-mail, paging, etc. On the other hand, they are focusing on universal service access from a variety of end user systems, including both fixed and mobile terminals. Such concepts or systems are designated as unified messaging. Most of the technical problems, resulting from the service integration, have been solved during the last years. However, service personalization is still an insufficiently solved problem of today's unified messaging systems. Different services have to be personalized in different ways. This paper investigates how different services could be personalized in a unified way. Therefore, several services, which are offered nowadays by unified messaging systems, are analyzed. In the second part of this paper a generic approach for service personalization are given. For illustrating the introduced approach, the last section describes a first realization.
Wavelet-crosscorrelation-based interferometric redatuming in 4D seismic (2018)

Interferometric virtual source (VS) redatuming crosscorrelates downgoing waves with the corresponding upgoing waves to convert records from surface-source gathers to virtual gathers at the buried receiver locations. The assumption is that the VS records show the reduced effects of overburden complexity and therefore provide improved seismic repeatability and image quality. In practice, however, the repeatability and quality of the redatumed data can be degraded by one-sided illumination and inadequate preprocessing. In the presence of complex near-surface structure for land redatuming, the intricate shallow structure and highly variable weathering layers introduce surface multiples, ground-roll/scattering noise, and interference among different wave modes that additionally contaminates the down- and upgoing wavefields. To address these issues, we have developed a new interferometric redatuming method based on crosscorrelation in the wavelet domain. Specifically, by transforming time-offset data into the local time-scale (TS) and local TS-wavenumber domains, we have designed and applied filters on the amplitude of the cross spectra in each domain to suppress the aforementioned artifacts and noise, while maintaining accurate kinematic information by retaining the original phase spectra. The new procedure involves forward wavelet transform of the source records, crosscorrelating the wavelet coefficients, filtering in the corresponding domains, and then inverse wavelet transformation to produce the VS records. Components associated with scattering noise and ground roll can be effectively suppressed because our designed filters tackle their features accurately in the local TS and local TS-wavenumber domains, respectively. We tested the method on data from 13 time-lapse surveys that included a significant repeatability problem across a 17-month survey gap, and we compared the results with results from the conventional VS methods. Our VS method produced the best improvement in imaging and repeatability, a positive step forward for land seismic monitoring.
The Bacillus subtilis Minimal Genome Compendium (2021)

To better understand cellular life, it is essential to decipher the contribution of individual components and their interactions. Minimal genomes are an important tool to investigate these interactions. Here, we provide a database of 105 fully annotated genomes of a series of strains with sequential deletion steps of the industrially relevant model bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> starting with the laboratory wild type strain <i>B. subtilis</i> 168 and ending with <i>B. subtilis</i> PG38, which lacks approximately 40% of the original genome. The annotation is supported by sequencing of key intermediate strains as well as integration of literature knowledge for the annotation of the deletion scars and their potential effects. The strain compendium presented here represents a comprehensive genome library of the entire <i>MiniBacillus</i> project. This resource will facilitate the more effective application of the different strains in basic science as well as in biotechnology.
Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Sum-Rate Maximization in IRS Aided Uplink Communications (2022)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided uplink (UL) rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) system is investigated for dead-zone users where the direct link between the users and the base station (BS) is unavailable and the UL transmission is carried out only through IRS. In the considered RSMA system, a message of each user is split into several sub-messages and each part contributes to the rate of that user and depending upon split proportions BS decodes them using appropriate decoding order. The problem of sum-rate maximization is formulated to jointly design the optimal power allocation at each UL user, passive beamforming at the IRS under optimal decoding order of sub-messages. Due to non-convexity and discrete non-linear programming of the formulated problem, the original problem is intractable and hence, we decouple the problem into different sub-problems in which the problems of power allocation and passive beamforming are alternatively solved under using successive convex approximation and Riemaniann conjugate gradient algorithms, respectively. Moreover, the decoding order strategy is analytically derived which confirm that the optimal decoding order strategy depend upon decreasing order of channel gain of users and increasing order of split proportions of sub-messages. Later, the unified solution based on blockcoordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is proposed. Simulation results validate that the proposed decoding order scheme attains performance closer to the optimal solution with low computational complexity. Moreover, the proposed IRS aided RMSA system outperforms the system with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes in terms of achievable sum-rate throughput.&lt;/p&gt;
Is the subfamily Eriosomatinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) monophyletic? (2014)

Eriosomatinae, the gall-forming aphid subfamily, traditionally consists of 3 tribes, Eriosomatini, Pemphigini, and Fordini. However, the phylogenetic relationships among these tribes remain controversial, which has made it difficult to conduct further investigation regarding the evolution of galls and host alternations in this group. We analyzed the molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Eriosomatinae, combining sequences from 2 mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and 2 nuclear genes (EF-1\alpha and LWO). The reconstructions were implemented based on single-gene and multigene datasets through 3 different reconstructing algorithms, respectively; analyses with 5 different out-groups were also conducted. Results revealed a large paraphyletic clade, in which there were 4 out-groups clustering between Eriosomatini and the other 2 tribes. However, the monophyly of the 3 tribes was well supported by the obtained trees, respectively.
Measurement of the changes in dissipation factor and dielectric constant as a method of evaluating degradation in capacitor oils (1977)

The dissipation factor and dielectric constant were investigated as a method of detecting degradation of capacitor oils used in VLF transmitter capacitors. Except for water in concentrations above saturation, small amounts of polar impurities had no measurable effect on the dissipation factor of the capacitor oil now in use (an acid refined, naphthene base, hydrocarbon oil containing some aromatics). The dissipation factor of dibutyl sebacate, a possible candidate oil for use in these capacitors, however, was sensitive to polar contaminants. (Author)
A subclass of plant heat shock cognate 70 chaperones carries a motif that facilitates trafficking through plasmodesmata (2002)

Plasmodesmata establish a pathway for the trafficking of non-cell-autonomously acting proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Plasmodesmal enriched cell fractions and the contents of enucleate sieve elements, in the form of phloem sap, were used to isolate and characterize heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) chaperones associated with this cell-to-cell transport pathway. Three Cucurbita maxima Hsc70 chaperones were cloned and functional and sequence analysis led to the identification of a previously uncharacterized subclass of non-cell-autonomous chaperones. The highly conserved nature of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family, in conjunction with mutant analysis, permitted the characterization of a motif that allows these Hsc70 chaperones to engage the plasmodesmal non-cell-autonomous translocation machinery. Proof of concept that this motif is necessary for Hsp70 gain-of-movement function was obtained through the engineering of a human Hsp70 that acquired the capacity to traffic through plasmodesmata. These results are discussed in terms of the roles likely played by this subclass of Hsc70 chaperones in the trafficking of non-cell-autonomous proteins.
Isolation and characterization of a mannose-specific endocytosis receptor from human placenta. (1987)

A receptor which recognizes glycoproteins bearing terminal mannose residues has been isolated from human placental membranes. Washed membranes were solubilized with buffer containing 1% Triton X-100 and applied to a mannose-Sepharose affinity column. The column was eluted with buffer containing 200 mM mannose and 1% cholate. The major protein eluted exhibited a molecular weight of 175 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein binds 125I-labeled mannosylated bovine serum albumin in a saturable fashion with a dissociation constant of 4 nM. Ligand binding is pH-dependent with maximal binding above pH 6.5. This binding can be inhibited with EDTA, mannose, fucose, mannan, beta-glucuronidase, and bovine serum albumin conjugated to fucose. Polyclonal antibodies generated against the mannose binding protein immunoprecipitate a single 175-kDa protein species from both surface-iodinated and biosynthetically labeled human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Investigation of Cold Cathode and RF Excitation for Long Life CO2 Waveguide Lasers. (1982)

This report describes a Ag-Li compound cathode for the longitudinally d.c. excited, low power, CO2 waveguide laser. Discharge tube results with this cathode produced an acceptable gas composition over a period of 10,000 hours. The sputtering rate was quite low and, most importantly, the sputtering products did adhere quite well in the form of a thin film on the closet, cooler surfaces.