gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis (1991)

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is the most common cause of chronic lymphadenopathy in children and is a relatively common cause of lymphadenopathy in adults. The most common unusual complication of CSD is Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome. The most serious complication is encephalopathy. Many new complications have been described in recent years including systemic recurrent disease, neuroretinitis, glomerulonephritis, arthropathy, Bell's palsy, and facial paralysis. Another potential complication of CSD is bacillary angioma- tosis. Bacillary angiomatosis occurs most frequently in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. It usually begins with an eruption of cutaneous papules or nodules, but in some patients cutaneous lesions are absent. Bacillary angiomatosis lesions have been reported in the lymph node, liver, spleen, bone marrow, soft tissue, and intestine. An unusual hepatic lesion is peliosis hepatis caused by bacillary angiomatosis bacilli in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Many of the patients with bacillary angiomatosis have had contact with cats. CSD bacilli and bacillary angiomatosis bacilli are identical in morphology and appearance in tissue sections. CSD and bacillary angiomatosis bacilli have cross-reacting epitopes in immunohistochemical stains employing rabbit anti-CSD antisera. Erythromycin and doxycycline are effective drugs for treating bacillary angiomatosis but historically have not benefited immunocompetent patients with CSD. Therapy with gentamicin or ciprofloxacin is reported to benefit children or adults with CSD. The bacillary angiomatosis agent was recently shown to be closely related to Rochalimaea quintana based on 16s ribosomal RNA homology experiments. Despite the similarities observed between CSD and bacillary angiomatosis, there remains a question as to whether they are related.
Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field (2017)

Abstract. Although its Holocene glacier history is still subject to debate, the ongoing iconic decline of Kilimanjaro's largest remaining ice body, the Northern Ice Field (NIF), has been documented extensively based on surface and photogrammetric measurements. The study presented here adds, for the first time, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data at centre frequencies of 100 and 200 MHz to investigate bed topography, ice thickness and internal stratigraphy at NIF. The direct comparison of the GPR signal to the visible glacier stratigraphy at NIF's vertical walls is used to validate ice thickness and reveals that the major internal reflections seen by GPR can be associated with dust layers. Internal reflections can be traced consistently within our 200 MHz profiles, indicating an uninterrupted, spatially coherent internal layering within NIF's central flat area. We show that, at least for the upper 30 m, it is possible to follow isochrone layers between two former NIF ice core drilling sites and a sampling site on NIF's vertical wall. As a result, these isochrone layers provide constraints for future attempts at linking age–depth information obtained from multiple locations at NIF. The GPR profiles reveal an ice thickness ranging between (6.1 ± 0.5) and (53.5 ± 1.0) m. Combining these data with a very high resolution digital elevation model we spatially extrapolate ice thickness and give an estimate of the total ice volume remaining at NIF's southern portion as (12.0 ± 0.3) × 106 m3.
Evaluation of various feature extraction methods for landmine detection using hidden Markov models (2012)

Hidden Markov Models (HMM) have proved to be eective for detecting buried land mines using data collected by a moving-vehicle-mounted ground penetrating radar (GPR). The general framework for a HMM-based landmine detector consists of building a HMM model for mine signatures and a HMM model for clutter signatures. A test alarm is assigned a condence proportional to the probability of that alarm being generated by the mine model and inversely proportional to its probability in the clutter model. The HMM models are built based on features extracted from GPR training signatures. These features are expected to capture the salient properties of the 3-dimensional alarms in a compact representation. The baseline HMM framework for landmine detection is based on gradient features. It models the time varying behavior of GPR signals, encoded using edge direction information, to compute the likelihood that a sequence of measurements is consistent with a buried landmine. In particular, the HMM mine models learns the hyperbolic shape associated with the signature of a buried mine by three states that correspond to the succession of an increasing edge, a at edge, and a decreasing edge. Recently, for the same application, other features have been used with dierent classiers. In particular, the Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD) has been used within a K-nearest neighbor classier. Another descriptor is based on Gabor features and has been used within a discrete HMM classier. A third feature, that is closely related to the EHD, is the Bar histogram feature. This feature has been used within a Neural Networks classier for handwritten word recognition. In this paper, we propose an evaluation of the HMM based landmine detection framework with several feature extraction techniques. We adapt and evaluate the EHD, Gabor, Bar, and baseline gradient feature extraction methods. We compare the performance of these features using a large and diverse GPR data collection.
An Abundant, trans-spliced mRNA from Toxocara canis Infective Larvae Encodes a 26-kDa Protein with Homology to Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding Proteins (1995)

A full-length mRNA encoding a secreted 26-kDa antigen of infective larvae of the ascarid nematode parasite Toxocara canis has been identified. This was characterized as a 1,082-base pair clone highly abundant (0.8-1.9%) in cDNA prepared from infective stage larvae but absent from cDNA from adult male worms. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame corresponding to a hydrophilic 263-amino acid residue polypeptide with a 20-residue N-terminal signal peptide, indicating that it is secreted. The 5' end of the cDNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction using a primer containing the nematode-spliced leader sequence, SL1, showing that the mRNA is trans-spliced. The molecular mass of the putative protein with the signal peptide removed is 26.01 kDa, and antibody to the recombinant protein expressed in bacterial vectors reacts with a similarly sized protein in T. canis excretory/secretory (TES) products. An identical sequence was obtained from a genomic clone isolated by expression screening with mouse antibody to TES. The 72 amino acid residues adjacent to the signal peptide form two homologous 36-residue motifs containing 6 cysteine residues; this motif is found also in the T. canis-secreted glycoprotein TES-120 and in genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sequence data base searches revealed significant similarity to 7 other sequences in a newly recognized gene family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins that includes yeast, Drosophila, rat, bovine, simian, and human genes and a representative from the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Assays with the T. canis recombinant 26-kDa protein expressed as a fusion with maltose-binding protein have confirmed phosphatidylethanolamine-binding specificity for this novel product.
Effects of Centrifugation on Cell Composition and Viability of Aspirated Adipose Tissue Processed for Transplantation (2010)

If centrifuged lipoaspirate is used, the pellet (rich in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) and the middle layer should be employed to increase fat graft survival.
Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures (1991)

This paper differs from previous examinations of organizational learning in that it is broader in scope and more evaluative of the literatures. Four constructs related to organizational learning (knowledge acquisition, information distribution, information interpretation, and organizational memory) are articulated, and the literatures related to each are described and critiqued. The literature on knowledge acquisition is voluminous and multi-faceted, and so the knowledge acquisition construct is portrayed here as consisting of five subconstructs or subprocesses: (1) drawing on knowledge available at the organization's birth, (2) learning from experience, (3) learning by observing other organizations, (4) grafting on to itself components that possess knowledge needed but not possessed by the organization, and (5) noticing or searching for information about the organization's environment and performance. Examination of the related literatures indicates that much has been learned about learning from experience, but also that there is a lack of cumulative work and a lack of integration of work from different research groups. Similarly, much has been learned about organizational search, but there is a lack of conceptual work, and there is a lack of both cumulative work and syntheses with which to create a more mature literature. Congenital learning, vicarious learning, and grafting are information acquisition subprocesses about which relatively little has been learned. The literature concerning information distribution is rich and mature, but an aspect of information distribution that is central to an organization's benefitting from its learning, namely how units that possess information and units that need this information can find each other quickly and with a high likelihood, is unexplored. Information interpretation, as an organizational process, rather than an individual process, requires empirical work for further advancement. Organizational memory is much in need of systematic investigation, particularly by those whose special concerns are improving organizational learning and decision making.
Propagation study for microwave radio systems XPD, interferences, absorptions (1996)

The analysis of the results from the first year of the long term propagation experiment at 13 GHz line-of-sight path are presented. The investigation is focused on XPD, multipath fading and attenuation due to precipitation. The obtained one year results are compared with ITU-R and TESTCOM models.
UPML: a framework for knowledge system reuse (1999)

Problem-solving methods provide reusable architectures and components for implementing the reasoning part of knowledge-based systems. The Unified Problem-solving Method Development Language, UPML, has been developed to describe and implement such architectures and components and to facilitate their semiautomatic reuse and adaptation. In a nutshell, UPML is a framework for developing knowledge-intensive reasoning systems based on libraries of generic problem-solving components. The paper describes the components, architectural constraints, development guidelines, and tools provided by UPML. Our focus is hereby on the meta ontology that has been developed to formalize the architectural structure and elements of UPML. 1 Introduction Problem-solving methods (PSMs) for knowledge-based systems (KBSs) (cf. [Schreiber et al., 1994]; [Benjamins &amp;amp; Fensel, 1998]) decompose the reasoning task of a KBS in a number of subtasks and inference actions that are connected by knowledge roles. Several p...
Anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis and remission in a single referral centre population (2022)

In this single centre, tertiary referral population of anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis, ~20% of patients experienced long-term drug-free remission after a median disease duration of 4 years. No clinical or biologic factors were associated with clinical remission.
Degradation Mechanism of Conversion-Type Iron Trifluoride: Toward Improvement of Cycle Performance (2019)

Conversion-type iron trifluoride (FeF<sub>3</sub>) has attracted considerable attention as a positive electrode material for lithium secondary batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the conversion process through which FeF<sub>3</sub> operates leads it to suffer from capacity degradation upon repeated cycling. To improve the cycle performance, in this study we investigated the degradation mechanism of conversion-type FeF<sub>3</sub> electrode material. Bulk analyses of FeF<sub>3</sub> upon cycling reveal incomplete oxidation to Fe<sup>3+</sup> concomitant with the aggregation of LiF at the charged state. In addition, surface analyses of FeF<sub>3</sub> reveal that a film covered the electrode surface after 10 cycles, which leads to a remarkable increase in resistance. We show that the choice of the electrolyte formulation is crucial in preventing the formation of the film on the electrode surface; thus, FeF<sub>3</sub> shows better performance in an electrolyte comprising LiBF<sub>4</sub> solute in cyclic carbonate solvents than in chain carbonate-containing LiPF<sub>6</sub> as the electrolyte. This study underpins that a careful selection of solvent, rather than solute, is significantly essential to improve the cycle performance of the FeF<sub>3</sub> electrode.
pH-Directed Self-Assembling Helical Peptide Conformation (2012)

The beta-sheet and alpha-helix peptide conformation are two of the most fundamentally ordered secondary structures found in proteins and peptides. They also give rise to self-assembling motifs that form macromolecular channels and nanostructures. Through design these conformations can yield enhanced membrane activity. The self-assembling properties of the beta-sheet and helical peptide motifs have found many applications as antimicrobials and in biomaterials with potential in regenerative medicine. In a delivery or biomaterial system these two conformational motifs can confer nano-strucutral properties that are useful in implantable biomaterials, and non-viral gene formulations. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) fusion peptides, which were first reported by Wiley et al., possess lytic properties of HA that allow it to gain endosome entry through conformational transition, and is required for membrane fusion activity. The helical peptide’s active conformation is formed by way of a pH-triggered change in conformation that is endosomolytic as originally found in HA mutants. Here we discuss helix design properties of some pH-triggered lytic peptides while maintaining a conformation with minimum amino acid chain length requirements.
A fast and accurate threat detection and prevention architecture using stream processing (2021)

Summary Late detection of security breaches increases the risk of irreparable damages and limits any mitigation attempts. We propose a fast and accurate threat detection and prevention architecture that combines the advantages of real‐time streaming with batch processing over a historical database. We create a dataset by capturing both legitimate and malicious traffic and propose two ways of combining packets into flows, one considering a time window and the other analyzing the first few packets of each flow per period. We also investigate the effectiveness of our proposal on real‐world network traces obtained from a significant Brazilian network operator providing broadband Internet to their customers. We implement and evaluate three classification algorithms and two anomaly detection methods. The results show an accuracy higher than 95% and an excellent trade‐off between attack detection and false‐positive rates. We further propose an improved scheme based on software defined networks that automatically prevents threats by analyzing only the first few packets of a flow. The proposal promptly and efficiently blocks threats, is robust, and can scale up, even when the attacker employs spoofed IP.
Design and 3D electromagnetic field analysis of non-slotted and slotted TORUS type axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet disc machines (2002)

Nonslotted and slotted external rotor internal stator TORUS type surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) machines (TORUS-NS and TORUS-S) have simple structures, relatively high efficiencies and low cost. These machines can be used for the applications that require high power and torque density, high efficiency and low noise with the use of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets providing relatively small overall size and weight. In this paper, sizing equations of the TORUS machines are derived using generalized sizing equations. The optimum machine design is illustrated by choosing the magnet pole-arc ratio and the skew angle of the rotor magnets. Using the optimum design data, field analysis of TORUS-NS and TORUS-S machines are investigated. Pulsating torque analyses including the cogging torque and the ripple torque are carried out using a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) software. Utilizing the techniques such as modifying the winding structure and skewing the rotor magnets, minimization of cogging torque and ripple torque for the TORUS-NS and TORUS-S machines are obtained and verified using 3D FEA. Finally a comparison of the TORUS topologies in terms of torque quality is illustrated in the paper.
Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea basin (1997)

Abstract Tertiary sandstones in the Gulf of Thailand, Malay and South China Sea basins have been supplied with sediment rich in pelitic metamorphic rock fragments, weathered basic igneous rock fragments and micaceous rock fragments by similar drainage systems. We have analysed data from the Gulf of Thailand and Malay basins to predict reservoir quality in the South China Sea basin. These Tertiary sandstones contain 20–40% lithic rock fragments that are rich in clay minerals. There are good correlations between both porosity and permeability and the total clay mineral content. They undergo rapid loss of porosity with depth at a rate commensurate with sandstones bearing 20–40% ductile grains. The relationship between porosity and permeability is also strongly influenced by the presence of ductile grains. The rapid loss of permeability with porosity is a result of ductile grains being squeezed between the rigid grains, blocking pore-throats and leaving isolated, ineffective porosity. Mineral cements seem to be unimportant modifiers of porosity or permeability. The rapid loss of porosity with depth and the decrease in permeability with porosity leads to low permeabilities at shallow depths relative to many other hydrocarbon provinces (e.g. North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, etc.) which have lower ductile grain contents. We have used modelled compaction curves for sandstones with 20 and 40% ductile grains to predict a porosity value for any given depth. We have also used sandstones of 100 and 300 μm grain size to predict permeability for a given porosity. The combination of these predictions can be used to predict permeability as a function of depth of burial. The choice of ductile content and grain size will depend upon the conditions of deposition. The main positive reservoir quality anomaly may result from overpressure generation before or during the final phase of burial.
A novel analgesic pyrazine derivative from the leaves ofCroton tigliumL. (2007)

A novel analgesic pyrazine derivative, named crotonine, was isolated from the leaves of Croton tiglium L. The structure was elucidated as 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-butyl)-1,4-diazine by spectroscopic analysis. Crotonine inhibited remarkably the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice.
A simple white noise analysis of neuronal light responses (2001)

A white noise technique is presented for estimating the response properties of spiking visual system neurons. The technique is simple, robust, efficient and well suited to simultaneous recordings from multiple neurons. It provides a complete and easily interpretable model of light responses even for neurons that display a common form of response nonlinearity that precludes classical linear systems analysis. A theoretical justification of the technique is presented that relies only on elementary linear algebra and statistics. Implementation is described with examples. The technique and the underlying model of neural responses are validated using recordings from retinal ganglion cells, and in principle are applicable to other neurons. Advantages and disadvantages of the technique relative to classical approaches are discussed.
The estimation of the yields of cereal experiments by sampling for the ratio of grain to total produce (1940)

In a number of cereal experiments, three on wheat, three on barley and one on oats, the yields of grain and straw per plot were estimated by weighing the total produce on each plot and taking samples, usually from the sheaves, to estimate the ratio of grain to total produce. This paper discusses the sampling errors of this method. The method proved considerably less accurate than was anticipated from previous calculations made by Yates &amp; Zacopanay. Amongst the reasons which are suggested to account for this are the larger sizes of plot and sampling unit used in these experiments and the additional variability introduced by the presence of weeds, undergrowth and moisture. Nevertheless, the method appears to be substantially superior to the older method of cutting small areas from the standing crop, without weighing total produce, only about one-quarter of the number of samples being required to obtain results of equal precision. The samples were taken both by an approximately random process and by grabbing a few shoots haphazardly from each of several sheaves. The grab samples gave on the whole a slightly higher yield of grain, the greatest positive bias being 6%, but were otherwise just as accurate as the random samples. Since the grab samples can be selected and bagged in about one-third of the time required for random samples, their use is recommended for the majority of the samples required in any experiment. The validity of an approximate formula for calculating the variance of a ratio (in the present instance the ratio of grain to total produce) is discussed briefly in an appendix.
Calculated photoemission and x-ray emission spectra ofBi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (1988)

Angle-integrated photoemission and inverse photoemission (IP) spectra of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ were calculated using the single-scatterer final-state approximation and densities of states obtained from a highly precise local-density band calculation. The photoemission spectra of the valence band show mainly Cu d states for high photon energies, and an increasing O p contribution with decreasing photon energies, which brings about qualitative changes in the spectra. The Bi contribution is small in all valence-band spectra, but the unoccupied Bi p states give rise to a peak in the IP spectrum. The calculated O-K\ensuremath{\alpha} x-ray emission spectrum (XES) is found to be narrower than might be expected from the O p density of state (DOS) alone due to the different core-level positions for the inequivalent oxygen atoms. By contrast, the calculated Cu ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ XES closely resembles the Cu d contribution to the DOS.