gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Human Mast Cells from Bone‐Marrow and Cord‐Blood Progenitor Cells by Factors Produced by a Mouse Stromal Cell Line (1994)

Human bone-marrow or cord-blood progenitors (i.e., CD34+ cells) are easily purified by immunological methods and can be cultured on normal human-bone-marrow stromal cells for limited periods of time. Under these culture conditions, the number of progenitors declines in a few weeks and these cells disappear completely in less than 8 weeks. This fact suggests that this culture system is deprived of growth factor(s) able to support the self-renewal of stem cells. We have developed the culture of immunomagnetically purified human-bone-marrow- or cord-blood-derived CD34+ cells on a supportive mouse lipoblastic stromal cell line, MS-5. The long-term survival of clonogenic cells was analyzed in these cultures and compared with the results obtained by culture on human-bone-marrow stromal cells. The results demonstrated that only coculture of CD34+ cells on MS-5 layers allows the survival of clonogenic progenitors for at least 12 weeks. Cytospin smears were regularly performed and cell morphology was examined after classical staining methods (i.e., M.G.G. and toluidine blue staining). Histologic analysis demonstrated the growth of mast-cell-like metachromatic cells after the second week of incubation on MS-5 layer. The highest percentage of these cells was observed after 8 weeks, and averaged about 30 percent for cord-blood cells and 70 percent for bone-marrow cells. To further confirm the nature of the metachromatic cells obtained under this culture condition, immunohistochemical staining of tryptase was performed on the same samples. The results demonstrated similar percentages of tryptase+ cells and of metachromatic elements. Measurement of cellular histamine demonstrated that culture of CD34+ cells on MS-5 monolayers induced the formation and increase of this mediator. To determine whether the contact between MS-5 layers and CD34+ cells was an absolute requirement for the development of mast cells, CD34+ cells were cultured in the presence of MS-5 conditioned medium. This condition allowed the development of similar percentage of mast cells when compared with the coculture experiments, indicating that a soluble factor was involved in mast cell differentiation. Whatever the soluble factor(s) responsible for this mast cell growth activity, our culture system allows us to obtain significant amounts of highly enriched normal human mast cell populations useful for further studies on the reactivity of this cell subset.
Coronary autoregulation. (1989)

Autoregulation of coronary blood flow is complicated because the heart provides the blood flow and pressure for its own perfusion. Aortic pressure is not only the perfusion pressure for the coronary circulation, but is also the afterload for the left ventricle. Coronary autoregulation has therefore been studied when the coronary circulation is cannulated and perfused separately from the aorta. Even then, changes in coronary artery pressure result in alterations in myocardial metabolism due to the Gregg effect. Local metabolic vascular control appears to be the dominant factor in coronary autoregulation. If myocardial metabolism is enhanced, coronary autoregulation occurs at a higher level of flow. The balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand is critical for coronary autoregulation, since good autoregulation is only observed when the coronary venous oxygen tension is near the normal value of about 20 mmHg. At present there is little evidence for a myogenic mechanism of coronary autoregulation, and adenosine also does not seem to be involved. It is concluded that coronary autoregulation is predominantly due to a local metabolic mechanism, but the substance that mediates the control is unknown.
A Self‐Polymerized Nitro‐Substituted Conjugated Carbonyl Compound as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Organic Batteries (2019)

Conjugated carbonyl compounds have received much attention as cathode materials for developing green lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their high dissolution and poor electronic conductivity in organic electrolyte restrict their further application. Herein, a self-polymerized nitro-substituted conjugated carbonyl compound (2,7-dinitropyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, PT-2 NO<sub>2</sub> ) is applied as a high-performance cathode material for LIBs. PT-2 NO<sub>2</sub> exhibits a high reversible capacity of 153.9 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 50 mA g<sup>-1</sup> after 120 cycles, which is higher than that of other substituted compounds. Detailed characterization and theoretical calculations have testified that PT-2 NO<sub>2</sub> is transformed into an azo polymer through an irreversible reductive coupling reaction in the first discharge process, and then carbonyl and azo groups reversibly react with Li ions in subsequent cycles. In addition, this azo polymer is also synthesized and applied as the electrode material, which shows similar electrochemical performance to PT-2 NO<sub>2</sub> but with higher initial coulombic efficiency. Thus, this work provides a simple but effectively way to construct organic cathode materials with multiple redox sites for green and high-performance LIBs.
neu/ERBB2 Cooperates with p53-172H during Mammary Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice (1997)

Thirty percent of human breast cancers have amplification of ERBB2, often in conjunction with mutations in p53. The most common p53 mutation in human breast cancers is an Arg-to-His mutation at codon 175, an allele that functions in a dominant oncogenic manner in tumorigenesis assays and is thus distinct from loss of p53. Transgenic mice expressing mouse mammary tumor virus-driven neu transgene (MMTV-neu) develop clonal mammary tumors with a latency of 234 days, suggesting that other events are necessary for tumor development. We have examined the role of mutations in p53 in tumor development in these mice. We have found that 37% of tumors arising in these mice have a missense mutations in p53. We have directly tested for cooperativity between neu and mutant p53 in mammary tumorigenesis by creating bitransgenic mice carrying MMTV-neu and 172Arg-to-His p53 mutant (p53-172H). In these bitransgenic mice, tumor latency is shortened to 154 days, indicating strong cooperativity. None of the nontransgenic mice or the p53-172H transgenic mice developed tumors within this time period. Tumors arising in the p53-172H/neu bitransgenic mice were anaplastic and aneuploid and exhibited increased apoptosis, in distinction to tumors arising in p53-null mice, in which apoptosis is diminished. Further experiments address potential mechanisms of cooperativity between the two transgenes. In these bitransgenic mice, we have recapitulated two common genetic lesions that occur in human breast cancer and have shown that p53 mutation is an important cooperating event in neu-mediated oncogenesis.
Novel Ka-band &#x2018;offset-divider/combiner&#x2019; with reflection cancellation (2014)

A novel power divider/combiner concept is presented and demonstrated at Ka-band. The new offset-divider/combiner concept provides reflection cancelation, and 1-to-N or N:/1 (arbitrary N, including odd numbers) splitting or summing with equal or unequal power division/summation. Additionally, it has inherently low loss due to its use of low impedance transmission lines. It can be implemented in most technologies (microstrip, CPW, stripline, waveguide, etc.). In this paper, the new concept is demonstrated with a 27-33 GHz divider/combiner using microstrip technology. The bandwidth can be easily expanded to cover an octave.
Morphometric evaluation of populations of neuronal profiles (cell bodies, dendrites, and nerve terminals) in the central nervous system (1992)

Morphometric techniques have been developed to quantitatively characterize groups of transmitter-identified neuronal profiles, such as cell groups, dendrite and nerve terminal fields. These morphometric techniques will be illustrated by introducing some general tools for image analysis which can be considered as a background for the present specific applications. The following methods have been included: (1) methods to identify and quantitatively characterize, from both numerical and geometrical standpoints, groups of profiles in a two- and three-dimensional frame; (2) methods to evaluate the evenness of a certain distribution of profiles in the plane; (3) methods to identify subgroups of profiles based on their different spatial or optical density; and (4) methods to compare the distributions of two or more groups of profiles. The applications of these general tools to some neuroanatomical problems, such as cell group definition and description, have been illustrated. Practical examples performed on immunocytochemical preparations of neuronal profile populations are also given. Finally, the potentiality of numerical classification to classify and compare morphometric data has been shown. As an example, numerical classification methods have been applied to the morphometric and microdensitometric analysis of adrenaline/neuropeptide Y costoring neuronal systems of the brainstem in adult and aged rats.
Algorithm 567: Extended-Range Arithmetic and Normalized Legendre Polynomials [A1], [C1] (1981)

This algorithm consists of two logically distinct parts: (1) a package of six F O R T R A N subroutines to facilitate the use of a special form of computer floating-point arithmetic that we call extended-range arithmetic; and (2) a FOR-T R A N subroutine that computes values of normalized Legendre polynomials according to an algorithm that generates (for some inputs) floating-point numbers that are outside the range of any computer. Our desire to produce a robust F O R T R A N subroutine to compute these polynomials stimulated the development of the extended-range software package. This package may prove to be useful for many other computations.
Desolvatisierung eines neuartigen, durch H-Brücken gebildeten mikroporösen Gerüsts: Charakterisierung durch In-situ-Einkristall- und -Pulverröntgendiffraktometrie (1998)

Trotz signifikanter Strukturänderungen beim Dehydratisieren des dreidimensionalen molekularen Gerüsts aus Hexaaquacobalt-Kationen und redoxaktiv funktionalisierten Tetrathiafulvalen-Anionen (siehe Bild, der Bereich der mit Wassermolekülen besetzbaren Kanäle ist grau dargestellt) bleibt die Verbindung mikroporös und einkristallin. Röntgenstrukturanalysen zufolge führt eine einzigartige Kombination von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen und π-π-Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Gerüsts zu dieser Strukturflexibilität, die man von Zeolithen und deren Analoga nicht kennt.
The Influence of Low Voltage Electrical Stimulation on Some Physical and Sensoric Properties of Beef (1984)

Abstract Most research on electrical stimulation of carcasses has focused on the use of high voltages. The present study was undertaken in order to develop an effective low voltage stimulation method for the improvement of meat quality. When using short, square-wave pulses at a frequency of 14 pulses/second, a pH of 5.6 was recorded in M. longissimus dorsi 2 hours after stimulation compared with 6.6 in non-stimulated carcasses. Electrical stimulation resulted in significant improvements in shear force and sensory panel evaluated tenderness. One plausible mechanism for the improvement in tenderness could be the avoidance of cold shortening. Effects on other meat quality indices were relatively small. In conclusion, the low voltage electrical stimulation presented here is a promising method for ensuring good meat tenderness in the loin muscle.
THE YLID ROUTE TO FLUORODIENES (1984)

Abstract The readily accessible 2-fluoro-2-alkenals react with phosphorus ylids at approximately the same rate and leading to nearly the same (Z/E)-mixtures of products as the corresponding halogen-free aldehydes do. Thus, the Wittig reaction allows to prepare a great variety of 2-fluorodienes with high yields.
In-Vial Dual Extraction for Direct LC-MS Analysis of Plasma for Comprehensive and Highly Reproducible Metabolic Fingerprinting. (2012)

Metabolic fingerprinting of biological tissues has become an important area of research, particularly in the biomarker discovery field. Methods have inherent analytical variation, and new approaches are necessary to ensure that the vast numbers of intact metabolites present in biofluids are detected. Here, we describe an in-vial dual extraction (IVDE) method and a direct injection method that shows the total number of features recovered to be over 4500 from a single 20 μL plasma aliquot. By applying a one-step extraction consisting of a lipophilic and hydrophilic layer within a single vial insert, we showed that analytical variation was decreased. This was achieved by reducing sample preparation stages including procedures of drying and transfers. The two phases in the vial, upper and lower, underwent HPLC-QTOF analysis on individually customized LC gradients in both positive and negative ionization modes. A 60 min lipid profiling HPLC-QTOF method for the lipophilic phase was specifically developed, enabling the separation and putative identification of fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. The aqueous phase of the extract underwent direct injection onto a 45 min gradient, enabling the detection of both polarities. The IVDE method was compared to two traditional extraction methods. The first method was a two-step ether evaporation and IPA resuspension, and the second method was a methanol precipitation typically used in fingerprinting studies. The IVDE provided a 378% increase in reproducible features when compared to evaporation and a 269% increase when compared to the precipitate and inject method. As a proof of concept, the method was applied to an animal model of diabetes. A 2-fold increase in discriminant metabolites was found when comparing diabetic and control rats with IVDE. These discriminant metabolites accounted for around 600 entities, out of which 388 were identified in available databases.
Nuclear Thermal Rocket Element Environmental Simulator (NTREES) Phase II Upgrade Activities (2013)

To support the on-going nuclear thermal propulsion effort, a state-of-the-art non nuclear experimental test setup has been constructed to evaluate the performance characteristics of candidate fuel element materials and geometries in representative environments. The facility to perform this testing is referred to as the Nuclear Thermal Rocket Element Environment Simulator (NTREES). This device can simulate the environmental conditions (minus the radiation) to which nuclear rocket fuel components will be subjected during reactor operation. Test articles mounted in the simulator are inductively heated in such a manner so as to accurately reproduce the temperatures and heat fluxes which would normally occur as a result of nuclear fission and would be exposed to flowing hydrogen. Initial testing of a somewhat prototypical fuel element has been successfully performed in NTREES and the facility has now been shutdown to allow for an extensive reconfiguration of the facility which will result in a significant upgrade in its capabilities. Keywords: Nuclear Thermal Propulsion, Simulator
Biological nanofactories facilitate spatially selective capture and manipulation of quorum sensing bacteria in a bioMEMS device (2010)

The emergence of bacteria that evade antibiotics has accelerated research on alternative approaches that do not target cell viability. One such approach targets cell-cell communication networks mediated by small molecule signaling. In this report, we assemble biological nanofactories within a bioMEMS device to capture and manipulate the behavior of quorum sensing (QS) bacteria as a step toward modifying small molecule signaling. Biological nanofactories are bio-inspired nanoscale constructs which can include modules with different functionalities, such as cell targeting, molecular sensing, product synthesis, and ultimately self-destruction. The biological nanofactories reported here consist of targeting, sensing, synthesis and, importantly, assembly modules. A bacteria-specific antibody constitutes the targeting module while a genetically engineered fusion protein contains the sensing, synthesis and assembly modules. The nanofactories are assembled on chitosan electrodeposited within a microchannel of the bioMEMS device; they capture QS bacteria in a spatially selective manner and locally synthesize and deliver the "universal" small signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) at the captured cell surface. The nanofactory based AI-2 delivery is demonstrated to alter the progression of the native AI-2 based QS response of the captured bacteria. Prospects are envisioned for utilizing our technique as a test-bed for understanding the AI-2 based QS response of bacteria as a means for developing the next generation of antimicrobials.
Direct 3D Detection of Vehicles in Monocular Images with a CNN based 3D Decoder (2019)

In autonomous driving, the detection of objects like surrounding vehicles based on monocular RGB images is usually performed by 2D bounding box detectors. The resulting 2D objects can be used for a first coarse 3D position estimate but for a precise location, additional sensor data has to be taken into account. For further use in sensor fusion systems and environment maps it is preferable to detect objects, their orientation and dimensions directly in 3D coordinates. To address this 3D object detection task, we propose a direct 3D bounding box estimator which is realized as CNN decoder module and can be connected to most 2D object detectors like SSD[1], OverFeat[2], YOLO[3] and RetinaNet[4] or directly to CNN feature extractors like VGG [2] and ResNet [5]. The 3D parameters of the objects such as dimension and orientation are directly predicted by the CNN module. To successfully train this complex MultiNet architecture, a combination and modification of current loss functions is proposed. The fastest of the proposed network module combinations is capable of detecting objects in 3D camera coordinates at a frame rate of 28 fps.
Spectral modulation detection training in older adults with hearing loss. (2009)

Individuals with hearing loss are poorer than normal-hearing listeners at detecting patterns of peaks and valleys of sound level spread across audio frequency (spectral modulation detection)—an important skill for speech and music perception. In this preliminary report we examined whether listeners with hearing loss could improve on spectral modulation detection with practice. We trained older adults with sensorineural hearing loss (n=7) ∼1 hr/day for 7 days to distinguish a 400–3200 Hz noiseband with a flat-spectrum from one with a 2 cyc/oct sinusoidal spectral modulation. Modulation depth was varied adaptively to determine the detection threshold. Their mean thresholds improved significantly from 18.9 to 12.8 dB. These listeners also improved at both a lower and a higher untrained spectral modulation frequency (1 and 4 cyc/oct), but showed no change on a measure of frequency selectivity. Interestingly, a separate group of younger normal-hearing adults who received the same training (n=7) did not improve on the trained (6.9 to 6.6 dB) or untrained conditions. Normal-hearing listeners had lower pre-training thresholds than individuals with hearing loss, and across all listeners the magnitude of individual improvement was correlated to pre-training threshold (r=0.92). Listener age and/or hearing loss could have contributed to these across-population differences.
Effects of Macrocycle Size and Rigidity on Melanocortin Receptor‐1 and ‐5 Selectivity in Cyclic Lactam α‐Melanocyte‐Stimulating Hormone Analogs (2006)

The effects of the linker arm rigidity and size on melanocortin receptor selectivity were explored in a series of compounds using cyclic lactam alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone template. A variety of dicarboxylic acid linkers introduced between the alpha-amino group of His(6) and the epsilon-amino group of Lys(10) lead to high-affinity, selective human melanocortin receptor-1 and -5 (hMC1R and hMC5R) antagonists. The incorporation of hydrophilic functions into the linker arm was found to be unfavorable for both binding potency and receptor selectivity. Analogs 8 and 9 containing highly conformationally constrained hydrophobic linkers (m- and p-phthalic acids) were found to be selective nanomolar range hMC1R antagonists (IC(50) = 7 and 4 nm, respectively), whereas the employment of a small conformationally constrained linker (maleic acid) resulted in a high-affinity (IC(50) = 19 nm) and selective hMC5R antagonist (analog 12). These newly developed melanotropins will serve as critical biochemical tools for elucidating the full spectrum of functions performed by the physiologically important melanocortin-1 and -5 receptors.
Exocrine Pancreatic Function as a Novel Biomarker in Pre-T1D (2018)

Recent studies demonstrated reduced serum trypsinogen levels as well as pancreatic weight/volume in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and nondiabetic/autoantibody (AAb)-positive subjects. Histological defects including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and elevated C4d deposition have been observed in the exocrine T1D pancreas. Like trypsinogen, amylase and lipase are produced by the exocrine pancreas and serve as more common markers of exocrine function. We hypothesized that amylase and lipase levels would be lower in patients with T1D as well as in subjects with multiple (i.e., ≥2) T1D-related AAb compared with controls. To test this, serum amylase and lipase levels were determined in 70 patients with recent-onset T1D (duration &amp;lt;3 mo), 57 patients with established T1D (duration &amp;gt;3 mo), 56 single AAb positive (1AAb+) subjects, 42 multiple AAb positive (≥2AAb+) subjects, 96 AAb negative (AAb-) relatives of T1D patients, and 110 AAb- control subjects. Amylase levels, which are independent of age (r = -0.02, P = 0.7), were significantly lower in patients with T1D (mean ± SD 39.98 ± 17.8 ng/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.005) vs. AAb- subjects (47.40 ± 20.17 ng/mL). Lipase levels, which are positively correlated with age (r = 0.30, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), were significantly lower in T1D patients (25.95 ± 21.ng/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.001) as well as ≥2AAb+ subjects (22.59 ± 11.12 ng/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared with 1AAb+ individuals (37.60 ± 16.79 ng/mL). These results provide further evidence that exocrine pancreas abnormalities exist in patients with T1D and ≥2AAb+ subjects considered to have early-stage T1D with high risk of progressing to clinical diagnosis. These data also support the possibility that an inherent or acquired defect in exocrine pancreas development and/or function may contribute to disease pathogenesis, but cause and effect cannot yet be ascertained. Importantly, these exocrine pancreas enzymes may serve as biomarkers of T1D to better predict disease progression and/or stratify patients according to etiology. Disclosure J.J. Ross: None. C. Wasserfall: None. D.J. Perry: None. K.M. McGrail: None. A.L. Posgai: None. T.M. Brusko: Stock/Shareholder; Self; OneVax, LLC. Advisory Panel; Self; Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. D. Schatz: None. M.J. Haller: None. M.A. Atkinson: Other Relationship; Self; Patent Issued.