gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A stranger in his own home. (2007)

Bilaterality is an important evolutionary principle, but hermit crabs seem to have abandoned the concept, at least partially. Hermit crabs are asymmetric with a curved, soft abdomen that fits nicely into the empty shells they inhabit. This asymmetry extends even to the neuromuscular system, although the first-stage free-swimming larvae, known as zoea, are symmetrical. Hermit crabs cannot excrete their own shells, so adults usually seek the abandoned shells of gastropods to inhabit. Although the asymmetric soft abdominal parts need protection, this muscular system has evolved to act as a hydrostatic support for each new shell. The abdomen has become decalcified to fit a range of shells, and the abdominal musculature can support and “grasp” the shell in its spirals. As the availability of inhabitable shells may be limited, a housing crisis often leads to pugilism among crabs seeking to acquire a new shell. Fights are fierce and may lead to the death of a crab over a new shell. Once a new shell has been selected, the crab will rather quickly exchange its old home for a …
Tumorassoziierte B Zellen und humorale Immunantwort beim Adenokarzinom des Magens und Ösophagus (2017)

Das lymphozytäre Infiltrat ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Tumormikromilieus. Während die Rolle tumorinfiltrierender T Zellen Gegenstand zahlreicher Arbeiten ist, wurden tumorassoziierte B Zellen bisher nur wenig untersucht. Die Gruppe der B Zellen besteht aus diversen Subpopulationen mit speziellen Phänotypen und Funktionen. B Zellen können beispielsweise als antigenpräsentierende oder antikörperproduzierende B Zellen effektiv zelluläre und humorale Immunantworten induzieren oder verstärken. Demgegenüber sind auch immuninhibitorische B Zellen beschrieben, meist im Rahmen von Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Optimisation for surface mount placement machines (2003)

Optimisation of feeder setup and component placement sequence are very important to the efficiency of surface mount placement machines. Much works have been conducted to solve this problem. However, the technological characteristics of the placement machine influences the nature of the planning problems to be solved and the formulation of the associated models. As a result, little consensus exists as to what a suitable model should be for a given machine characteristics, and the formulations proposed by different authors tend to be difficult to compare. Hence, this paper will survey the relation between models, assembly machine technologies and heuristic methods.
The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Expression of Disease in Cultured Tissues of Brassica napus ssp. oldfera Infected with Leptosphaeria maculans (1993)

Abstract As a basis for devising an in vitro screening programme, culture conditions were optimized so that tissue cultures from two resistant cultivars of Brassica napus ssp. oleifera (Mikado, Bienvenu) and two susceptible cultivars (Lesira, Ceres) could be differentiated using a disease scoring scheme, when inoculated with Leptosphaeria maculans. Tissues inoculated included thin cell layer explants from soil‐grown plants and in vitro ‐grown shoot cultures and callus tissue formed on such explants. The period of incubation and the incubation temperature were of importance in the development of differential disease reactions. Increasing temperature generally resulted in an increase in infection and too great an incubation period resulted in total overgrowth of the tissue. Increasing concentrations (1 × 10 −6 M‐1 ×10 −4 M) of the auxins 1‐naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and mdole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in the culture medium, resulted in a decrease in disease score of the thin cell layer (TCL) explants from soil‐grown plants. The cytokinins examined 6‐benzyl‐aminopurine (BAP) and 6‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐enylaminopurine (zeatin), reduced the extent of infection of the TCL explants when used in combination with the auxin NAA. Medium containing NAA at a concentration of 1 × 10 −6 M in combination with BAP at a concentration of 1× 10 −6 or 1 × 10 −4 M allowed differentiation of the disease reactions of the resistant and susceptible cultivars, when the explants were incubated for 10 days at 20 °C after inoculation. Similar conditions of incubation and the addition of NAA (1 × 10 −6 M) combined with BAP (1 × 10 −6 M) to the medium also allowed the differentiation of the disease reactions on TCL explants from stems of in vitro shoot cultures of the cultivars Mikado and Lesira. Increasing concentrations of the auxin NAA and the cytokinin BAP resulted in a reduction in the mean disease score of the callus tissue produced on TCL explants from soil‐grown plants, and NAA (1 × 10 −5 M) combined with BAP (1 × 10 −6 or 1 × 10 −5 M) allowed differentiation of resistance and susceptibility in callus tissues when incubated for 5 days at 20 °C. 2,4‐D did not allow differentiation of the cultivars. This was in contrast to the inoculation of callus tissue attached to TCL explants of in vitro shoot cultures, where combinations of 2,4‐D and BAP at concentrations of 1 × 10 −6 M allowed differentiation of the resistant and susceptible cultivars. These findings provide a basis for designing selection protocols of value in both traditional as well as in vitro breeding programmes to select lines of oilseed rape with resistance/novel resistance to L. maculans.
Anti-inflammatory therapy with nebulized dornase alfa for severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized unblinded trial (2023)

NCT04359654.
Limitations of Augmentation Index in the Assessment of Wave Reflection in Normotensive Healthy Individuals (2013)

AIx has serious limitations as a measure of wave reflection. Negative AIx values derived from Type C waves should not be used as estimates of wave reflection magnitude.
Activity of mesenchymal stem cells in therapies for chronic skin wound healing (2013)

Chronic or non-healing skin wounds present an ongoing challenge in advanced wound care, particularly as the number of patients increases while technology aimed at stimulating wound healing in these cases remains inefficient. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be an attractive cell type for various cell therapies due to their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages, multiple donor tissue types, and relative resilience in ex-vivo expansion, as well as immunomodulatory effects during transplants. More recently, these cells have been targeted for use in strategies to improve chronic wound healing in patients with diabetic ulcers or other stasis wounds. Here, we outline several mechanisms by which MSCs can improve healing outcomes in these cases, including reducing tissue inflammation, inducing angiogenesis in the wound bed, and reducing scarring following the repair process. Approaches to extend MSC life span in implant sites are also examined.
Zur diskontinuierlichen Rektifikation azeotroper Gemische mit Hilfsstoffeinsatz (1995)

Abstract Discontinuous Rectification of Azeotropic Mixtures with Use of Auxiliary Substances . Batchwise rectification is one of the most commonly used thermal separation operation in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceiticals, where small amounts of mixtures containing several product or auxiliary components are generally separated. Greater plant flexibility with regard to mixture composition, throughput, and separation specification often also favours batchwise over continuous processing. This publication discusses process engineering possibilities of batchwise rectification of azeotropic mixtures with the aid of various examples. It gives a detailed presentation of two industrial batch rectifications with additional feed of auxiliary substances, viz. azeotropic rectification with entrainment agent and extractive rectification. In both cases the set goal is to minimise charge times and to maximise the quantities processed in plant operation, with time‐optimised control of auxiliary substance throughput being of critical importance in both cases.
The Accuracy of the Physical Examination, Mammography, and Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Tumor Size and Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patient (2003)

mammography, and sonography for axillary node involvement were 37.5%, 57.7%, and 73.9%, respectively, and with specificity of 98.1%, 86.5%, and 92.9%, respectively, and with positive predictive value of 93.8%, 75.0%, and 85.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Physical examination is the best non-invasive predictor of the real size of palpable primary breast cancer, whereas high resolution duplex ultrasonography is most sensitive assessment method of axillary lymph node status. The specificity of axillary nodal status can be increased by fine-needle biopsy under sonographic guidance and it can be serve as useful adjuncts to sentinel node biopsy. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:87-94)
Development of Tumor-Targeted Near Infrared Probes for Fluorescence Guided Surgery (2013)

Complete surgical resection of malignant disease is the only reliable method to cure cancer. Unfortunately, quantitative tumor resection is often limited by a surgeon's ability to locate all malignant disease and distinguish it from healthy tissue. Fluorescence-guided surgery has emerged as a tool to aid surgeons in the identification and removal of malignant lesions. While nontargeted fluorescent dyes have been shown to passively accumulate in some tumors, the resulting tumor-to-background ratios are often poor, and the boundaries between malignant and healthy tissues can be difficult to define. To circumvent these problems, our laboratory has developed high affinity tumor targeting ligands that bind to receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells and deliver attached molecules selectively into these cells. In this study, we explore the use of two tumor-specific targeting ligands (i.e., folic acid that targets the folate receptor (FR) and DUPA that targets prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)) to deliver near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes specifically to FR and PSMA expressing cancers, thereby rendering only the malignant cells highly fluorescent. We report here that all FR- and PSMA-targeted NIR probes examined bind cultured cancer cells in the low nanomolar range. Moreover, upon intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice with metastatic disease, these same ligand-NIR dye conjugates render receptor-expressing tumor tissues fluorescent, enabling their facile resection with minimal contamination from healthy tissues.
Effect of canard stall on projectile roll and pitch damping (2011)

A computational and mathematical approach is used to investigate the effect of canard stall on projectile roll and pitch damping. For spinning projectiles with dithering canards, large angles of attack can be achieved by these canards. These large angles of attack can lead to stall that causes abnormal loads on the projectile. Because of these abnormalities, it is important to include the effects of stall on the projectile. First, the total roll and pitch moments of two canards is derived. These equations are then analysed to show that the effects of canard stall can produce a decrease in roll damping, causing roll rate to increase, and an increase in pitch damping, causing the no roll frame pitch rate to decrease. To validate this analysis, simulation is performed using a fully non-linear six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model with canard aerodynamics. The results from the simulation agree with the equations derived; thus, for projectiles that use dithering canards for control, it is important to include these non-linear effects in the projectile dynamic model.
Strain relaxation of Ge films grown on a Si(001)-2×1 surface by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

The crystalline quality of Ge films grown on a Si(100)-2×1 substrate by molecular beam epitaxy has been studied by means of in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The Ge layers of thickness up to 4000 Å were deposited at 400 °C with and without thin (200 Å) Ge buffer layers predeposited at 200 °C. It was found that the buffer layers were effective in improving the quality of the thin Ge overlayers, while they had no noticeable effect on the thick layers whose x-ray and Raman spectra were comparable to that of bulk Ge. It was also found that, even after the Ge films became relaxed with a generation of dislocations, they were not free from strain due to the lattice mismatch. This finding is supported by the quantitative estimate of the Raman frequency shift in terms of the uniaxial strain model.
RF/Microwave Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transmission Lines and Waveguides for Medical Applications Antennas RF and Microwave Ablation Perfusion Chamber RF Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Endometrial Ablation Microwave Measurement Techniques: Examples Future Research References Problems
Reclassification of some species of Thiobacillus to the newly designated genera Acidithiobacillus gen. nov., Halothiobacillus gen. nov. and Thermithiobacillus gen. nov. (2000)

The species of the genus 'Thiobacillus' fall into the alpha-, beta- and gamma-subclasses of the Proteobacteria, the type species Thiobacillus thioparus being located in the beta-subclass. 'Thiobacillus' species exhibit almost as much diversity in DNA composition and physiology as is found collectively in all other proteobacterial groups. On the basis of physiological characters and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, eight of the existing Thiobacillus species are proposed for reassignment to three newly designated genera within the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria, namely Acidithiobacillus, Halothiobacillus and Thermithiobacillus.
Tenascin-C inhibits 1 integrin-dependent cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on fibronectin by a disialoganglioside-mediated signaling mechanism (1999)

We have previously shown that the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C inhibits fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth by an interaction with a cellular RGD-independent receptor which interferes with the adhesion and neurite outgrowth promoting activities of the fibronectin receptor(s). Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of tenascin-C on beta1integrin-dependent cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth is mediated by the interaction of the protein with membrane-associated disialogangliosides, which interferes with protein kinase C-related signaling pathways. First, in substratum mixtures with fibronectin, an RGD sequence-containing fragment of the molecule or synthetic peptide, tenascin-C inhibited cell adhesion and spreading by a disialoganglioside-dependent, sialidase-sensitive mechanism leading to an inhibition of protein kinase C. Second, the interaction of intact or trypsinized, i.e., cell surface glycoprotein-free, cells with immobilized tenascin-C was strongly inhibited by gangliosides or antibodies to gangliosides and tenascin-C. Third, preincubation of immobilized tenascin-C with soluble disialogangliosides resulted in a delayed cell detachment as a function of time. Similar to tenascin-C, immobilized antibody to GD2 (3F8) or sphingosine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, strongly inhibited RGD-dependent cell spreading. Finally, the degree of tenascin-C-induced inhibition of cell adhesion was proportional to the degree of disialoganglioside levels of expression by different cells suggesting the relevance of such mechanism in modulating integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions during pattern formation or tumor progression.
The analysis and expansion of regulatory binding site data in a wide range of bacteria using a semi-automatic system - RegTransBase (2008)

RegTransBase, a database describing regulatory interactions in prokaryotes, has been developed as a component of the MicrobesOnline/RegTransBase framework successfully used for interpretation of microbial stress response and metal reduction pathways. It is manually curated and based on published scientific literature. RegTransBase describes a large number of regulatory interactions and contains experimental data which investigates regulation with known elements. It is available at http://regtransbase.lbl.gov. Currently, the database content is derived from more than 4000 relevant articles describing over 9000 experiments in relation to 155 microbes. It contains data on the regulation of ~;14000 genes and evidence for ~;7500 interactions with ~;850 regulators. RegTransBase additionally provides an expertly curated library of alignments of known transcription factor binding sites covering a wide range of bacterial species. Each alignment contains information as to the transcription factor which binds the DNA sequence, the exact location of the binding site on a published genome, and links to published articles. RegTransBase builds upon these alignments by containing a set of computational modules for the comparative analysis of regulons among related organisms. These modules guide a user through the appropriate steps of transferring known or high confidence regulatory binding site results to other microbial organisms, allowing them to study many organisms at one time, while warning of analysis possibly producing low confidence results, and providing them with sound default parameters. There is an increasingly tight coupling of RegTransBase with MicrobesOnline in reporting cis-regulatory sites and regulatory interactions, and integrating RegTransBase searches into MicrobesOnLine cart functions.
Modelling of the mechanical and mass transport properties of auxetic molecular sieves: an idealised organic (polymeric honeycomb) host–guest system (2005)

Force field-based simulations have been employed to model the mechanical properties of a range of undeformed molecular polymeric honeycombs having conventional and re-entrant hexagon pores. The conventional and re-entrant hexagon honeycombs are predicted to display positive and negative in-plane Poisson's ratios, respectively, confirming previous simulations. The structure, and mechanical and mass transport properties of a layered re-entrant honeycomb ((2,8)-reflexyne) were studied in detail for a uniaxial load applied along the x 2 direction. The mechanical properties are predicted to be stress- (strain-) dependent and the trends can be interpreted using analytical expressions from honeycomb theory. Transformation from negative to positive Poisson's ratio behaviour is predicted at an applied stress of σ2 = 2 GPa. Simulations of the loading of C60 and C70 guest molecules into the deformed layered (2,8)-reflexyne host framework demonstrate the potential for tunable size selectivity within the host framework. The entrapment and release of guest molecules is attributed to changes in the size and shape of the pores in this host–guest system.
The Preparation of Aromatic Amines with Sodium Amide in Liquid Ammonia (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Aromatic Amines with Sodium Amide in Liquid AmmoniaRobert A. Benkeser and Walter E. ButingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 12, 3011–3014Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01132a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (572 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
It Takes Two to Tango: Combining Visual and Textual Information for Detecting Duplicate Video-Based Bug Reports (2021)

When a bug manifests in a user-facing application, it is likely to be exposed through the graphical user interface (GUI). Given the importance of visual information to the process of identifying and understanding such bugs, users are increasingly making use of screenshots and screen-recordings as a means to report issues to developers. However, when such information is reported en masse, such as during crowd-sourced testing, managing these artifacts can be a time-consuming process. As the reporting of screen-recordings in particular becomes more popular, developers are likely to face challenges related to manually identifying videos that depict duplicate bugs. Due to their graphical nature, screen-recordings present challenges for automated analysis that preclude the use of current duplicate bug report detection techniques. To overcome these challenges and aid developers in this task, this paper presents Tango, a duplicate detection technique that operates purely on video-based bug reports by leveraging both visual and textual information. Tango combines tailored computer vision techniques, optical character recognition, and text retrieval. We evaluated multiple configurations of Tango in a comprehensive empirical evaluation on 4,860 duplicate detection tasks that involved a total of 180 screen-recordings from six Android apps. Additionally, we conducted a user study investigating the effort required for developers to manually detect duplicate video-based bug reports and compared this to the effort required to use Tango. The results reveal that Tango's optimal configuration is highly effective at detecting duplicate video-based bug reports, accurately ranking target duplicate videos in the top-2 returned results in 83% of the tasks. Additionally, our user study shows that, on average, Tango can reduce developer effort by over 60%, illustrating its practicality.
Inkjet Quality Ruler Experiments and Print Uniformity Predictor (2020)

Macro-uniformity is an important factor in the overall quality of prints from inkjet printers. The International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) defined the macrouniformity for prints, which includes several printing defects such as banding, streaks, mottle, etc. Although we can quantitatively analyze a certain kind of defect, it is difficult to assess the overall perceptual quality when multiple defects appear simultaneously in a print. We used the Macro-uniformity quality rulers designed by INCITS W1.1 as experimental references, to conduct a psychophysical experiment for pooling perceptual assessments of our print samples from subjects. Then, calculated features can describe the severity of defects in a test sample; and we trained a predictive model using these data. The predictor can automatically predict the macro-uniformity score as judged by humans. Our results show that the predictor can work accurately. The predicted scores are similar to the subjective visual scores (ground-truth). Also, we used 6-fold cross-validation to confirm the efficacy of our predictor.
Organoids as host models for infection biology – a review of methods (2021)

Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the infection process is urgently needed. Over the last century, the development of in vitro and in vivo models has led to remarkable contributions to the current knowledge in the field of infection biology. However, applying recent advances in organoid culture technology to research infectious diseases is now taking the field to a higher level of complexity. Here, we describe the current methods available for the study of infectious diseases using organoid cultures.