gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Megakaryocyte-specific Gene Platelet Basic Protein (PBP) by the Ets Family Factor PU.1 (1997)

Platelet basic protein (PBP) is a chemokine family member that is only found in platelets and their precursors megakaryocytes. The PBP gene is physically linked to the gene for another platelet-specific chemokine, platelet factor 4. While the biological basis of platelet factor 4 expression has been pursued by others, the regulatory features controlling the platelet-specific expression of PBP have not been investigated. In this article, we examined the molecular basis by which this megakaryocyte-specific gene is regulated. Transient expression studies of truncated reporter constructs containing from 4.5 to 0.1 kilobases of the functional PBP gene 5'-flanking region, demonstrated that the proximal 0.1 kilobases of the promoter was sufficient for high levels of expression in human erythroleukemia and CHRF-288 cells, two megakaryocytic cell lines. However, none of these constructs was expressed above background levels in HeLa and 293 cells, two non-megakaryocytic cell lines. Further truncation of this promoter suggested that there was an important regulatory element(s) within a pyrimidine-rich tract. Mobility shift analysis of the pyrimidine-rich tract defined a region between -85 and -64 which bound to a nuclear factor(s). This region contains sequences matching the consensus Ets-binding site from -78 to -75 base pairs. In particular, we noted that this site matched a PU.1 consensus sequence known as a PU box. Mobility shift and supershift studies with nuclear extracts as well as recombinant PU.1 protein and anti-PU.1 antibody further confirmed that PU.1 was the specific Ets family factor that bound to this site. Transient expression assays using reporter constructs which contained point mutations that abrogated PU.1 binding also significantly reduced PBP promoter activity in human erythroleukemia and CHRF cells. In addition, while all reporter gene constructs containing PBP promoters were completely inactive in HeLa cells, transactivation experiments using a PU.1 expression construct demonstrated that exogenous expression of PU.1 could increase reporter gene expression up to 8-fold in these cells. Finally, the role of PU.1 in PBP gene expression was compared between wild-type and PU.1-null embryonic stem (ES) cells that were differentiated in vitro into cells that resembled megakaryocytes both morphologically and immunologically. We found that PBP gene expression in the differentiated PU.1(-/-) null ES cells (as determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) was more than four times lower than that in the wild-type ES cells, while other platelet-specific genes were expressed equally or similarly in the two ES cell lines. Previous reports have shown that PU.1 is expressed in several hematopoietic lineages, including megakaryocytes. However, the functional role of PU.1 has only been previously demonstrated in the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Therefore, our studies are the first to show the biological importance of this nuclear factor in the regulated expression of a megakaryocyte-specific gene.
Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Benzene‐1,2‐diols and Propargylic Carbonates. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
URINARY EXCRETION OF PROSTANOIDS DURING SLEEP IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA PATIENTS (1991)

1. Given the unexplained frequent association between systemic hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the secretion of prostanoids during sleep was investigated (more specifically, the ratio of prostacyclin (PGI2) to thromboxane A2 (TxA2), since they have marked opposite effects on vascular tone). Prostacyclin has vasodilating effects, whereas thromboxane results in vasoconstriction. 2. In 11 OSA drug-free male patients (age 53 +/- 2 years, mean +/- s.e.m.; apnoea index 55 +/- 15 apnoeas/hour of sleep; body mass index 31 +/- 2 kg/m2), we measured the urinary excretion during sleep of 6-keto-PGF1-alpha and of thromboxane TxB2 (the stable metabolites of prostacyclin PGI2 and of thromboxane A2 respectively). This was done on two consecutive nights; one untreated, the other with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The results were compared with those of nine normal unobese male subjects. 3. The urinary ratio of 6-keto-PGF1-alpha to TxB2 was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the untreated OSA patients (1.7 +/- 0.2) than in the controls (3.1 +/- 0.3). It significantly increased with CPAP treatment to 2.3 +/- 0.2, P less than 0.02, which was no longer different from the controls. 4. These results suggest that OSA is associated with an abnormal release of prostanoids during sleep resulting in a decrease of the prostacyclin to thromboxane ratio which potentially has a vasoconstricting effect. The relationship between these changes and the systemic hypertension often observed in OSA patients remains to be established.
Cooling of high-power-density computer components (1968)

Heat Transfer Development Laboratory, Systems Development Division, International Business Machines Corporation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Sponsored Research
Laser-induced fluorescence experimental spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of uranium monoxide (2021)

As a model molecule of actinide chemistry, UO molecule plays an important role in understanding the electronic structure and chemical bonding of actinide-containing species. We report a study of the laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the U 16 O and U 18 O using two-dimensional spectroscopy. Several rotationally resolved excitation spectra were investigated. Accurate molecular rotational constants and equilibrium internuclear distances were reported. Low-lying electronic states information was extracted from high resolution dispersed fluorescence spectra and analyzed by the ligand field theory model. The configuration of the ground state was determined as U 2+ (5f 3 7s)O 2− . The branching ratios, and the vibrational harmonic and anharmonic parameters were also obtained. Radiative lifetimes were determined by recording the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Transition dipole moments were calculated using the branching ratios and the radiative lifetimes. These findings were elucidated by using quantum-chemical calculations, and the chemical bonding was also analyzed. The findings presented in this work will enrich our understanding of actinide-containing molecules.
Hybrid OFDMA/CSMA Based Medium Access Control for Next-Generation Wireless LANs (2008)

Existing medium access control (MAC) schemes for wireless local area networks (WLAN) have been shown to lack scalability in crowded networks, and efficiency in supporting heterogeneous traffic types. These issues are mostly due to the use of random multiple access techniques in the MAC layer. The design of these techniques is highly linked to the choice of the underlying physical (PHY) layer technology. The advent of new PHY schemes that are based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) provides new opportunities for devising more efficient MAC protocols. We propose a new adaptive MAC design based on OFDMA technology. The design uses OFDMA to reduce collision during transmission request phases, and makes channel access more predictable. To improve efficiency, we combine the OFDMA access with a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme. Data transmission opportunities are assigned through an access point that can schedule traffic streams in both time and frequency (subchannels) domains. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MAC and compare it to existing mechanisms through simulation experiments and by deriving an analytical model for the operation of the MAC in saturation mode.
Jet impingement onto a tapered hole: Influence of jet velocity and hole wall velocities on heat transfer and skin friction (2008)

Abstract Jet impingement onto a hole with elevated wall temperature can be associated with the high‐temperature thermal drilling, where the gas jet is used for shielding the hole wall from the high‐temperature oxidation reactions as observed in the case of laser drilling. In laser processing, the molten flow from the hole wall occurs; and in the model study, the hole wall velocity resembling the molten flow should be accounted for. In the present study, gas jet impingement onto tapered hole with elevated temperature is considered and the heat transfer rates as well as skin friction at the hole wall surface are predicted. The velocity of molten flow from the hole wall determined from the previous study is adopted in the simulations and the effect of hole wall velocity on the heat transfer rates and skin friction is also examined. It is found that the Nusselt number and skin friction at the hole wall in the regions of hole inlet and exit attain high values. The influence of hole wall velocity on the Nusselt number and skin friction is found not to be very significant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Перемешивающие устройства со сложным законом движения мешалок (2014)

The article shows the application of mixers with continuous variation of amplitude and frequency of angular velocity of operating elements, they can improve the efficiency of the mixing process.
LaMnO3 Perovskite Supported Noble Metal Catalysts for the Total Oxidation of Methane (2007)

Abstract Two series of LaMnO 3 supported noble metal (Pt, Pd, Rh) catalysts prepared by the citrate method and calcined in air at 600 and 800 °C, respectively, were investigated. The catalysts resulting from method A were prepared by simultaneous incorporation of the noble metals during perovskite preparation and those following method B were generated by impregnation of the calcined perovskites with the noble metal compounds. The noble metals form solid solutions with the perovskite lattice. Reduction of the catalysts with hydrogen prior to the catalytic reaction led to a significant enhancement of the catalytic activity. During the catalytic reaction, the noble metal clusters are partially transformed to highly dispersed noble metal oxides or nonstoichiometric noble metal oxide phases, which are the catalytically active phases for the total oxidation of methane. The best results were obtained with the Pd containing catalysts prepared by method B.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRIDE ELIMINATIONS. IX. AROMATIZATION OF ARENOCYCLOHEXANONES (1980)

Abstract Arenocyclohexanone wie (I) bzw. (VII) lassen sich über die entsprechenden Trimethylsilyl‐enolether, z.B. (III), mit Hilfe der Hydrid‐Acceptoren (V) oder (VI) zu Phenol‐l derivaten (IV) bzw. (VIII) aromatisieren.
Different Endosymbiotic Interactions in Two Hydra Species Reflect the Evolutionary History of Endosymbiosis (2016)

Endosymbiosis is an important evolutionary event for organisms, and there is widespread interest in understanding the evolution of endosymbiosis establishment. Hydra is one of the most suitable organisms for studying the evolution of endosymbiosis. Within the genus Hydra, H. viridissima and H. vulgaris show endosymbiosis with green algae. Previous studies suggested that the endosymbiosis in H. vulgaris took place much more recently than that in H. viridissima, noting that the establishment of the interaction between H. vulgaris and its algae is not as stable as in H. viridissima. To investigate the on-going process of endosymbiosis, we first compared growth and tolerance to starvation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic polyps of both species. The results revealed that symbiotic H. viridissima had a higher growth rate and greater tolerance to starvation than aposymbiotic polyps. By contrast, growth of symbiotic H. vulgaris was identical to that of aposymbiotic polyps, and symbiotic H. vulgaris was less tolerant to starvation. Moreover, our gene expression analysis showed a pattern of differential gene expression in H. viridissima similar to that in other endosymbiotically established organisms, and contrary to that observed in H. vulgaris We also showed that H. viridissima could cope with oxidative stress that caused damage, such as cell death, in H. vulgaris These observations support the idea that oxidative stress related genes play an important role in the on-going process of endosymbiosis evolution. The different evolutionary stages of endosymbiosis studied here provide a deeper insight into the evolutionary processes occurring toward a stable endosymbiosis.
Ability of Mothers to Subjectively Assess the Presence of Fever in Their Children (1984)

We assessed the ability of mothers to subjectively determine the presence or absence of fever in their children when compared with simultaneous temperature determination obtained by thermometer. Mothers who said their children were febrile were correct 52.3% of the time; those who said their children were afebrile were correct 93.9% of the time. The sensitivity was 73.9% of the specificity was 85.6%. Ninety percent of children aged 2 years or younger with temperatures of 38.9 degrees C or higher were correctly identified as febrile. Administration of antipyretics to both febrile and afebrile children was greater among those whose temperature was determined at home by thermometer than among those whose temperature was determined by subjective criteria. We conclude that maternal subjective fever assessment criteria are useful as a screening method to rule out the presence of fever at all ages and that mothers can identify high fevers in most young children without the use of a thermometer.
Electron donor-acceptor properties of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and related ring chelates: a molecular orbital approach (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron donor-acceptor properties of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and related ring chelates: a molecular orbital approachC. Fierro, A. B. Anderson, and D. A. SchersonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 24, 6902–6907Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100335a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100335a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views946Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Randomized clinical trial: the use of SpeechEasy® in stuttering treatment (2016)

The results suggest that the SpeechEasy® device can be a viable option for the treatment of stuttering.
A Mild, Nonbasic Synthesis of Thioethers. The Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Boronic Acids with N-Thio(alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl)imides (2002)

[reaction: see text] A new synthesis of thioethers is described. The reaction of boronic acids with aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl N-thioimides in the presence of catalytic quantities of a Cu(I) carboxylate affords good to excellent yields of thioethers. This reaction takes place in the absence of a base under mild conditions (THF, 45-50 degrees C, 2.5-12 h) and represents an interesting complement to known methods for thioether synthesis.
HVPE growth of AlN on trench‐ patterned 6H‐SiC substrates (2011)

Abstract AlN films were grown on patterned SiC with stripes along the 〈1‐100〉 and 〈11‐20〉 directions by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction. Although the critical thickness of AlN can be increased significantly using both patterns, AlN grown on 〈1‐100〉‐patterned SiC was more easily coalesced than that on the 〈11‐20〉 pattern. Moreover, the surface morphology and crystal quality of samples grown on 〈1‐100〉‐patterned SiC were better than those on 〈11‐20〉‐patterned substrates (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A MEMS ultrasound stimulation system for modulation of neural circuits with high spatial resolution in vitro (2019)

Neuromodulation by ultrasound has recently received attention due to its noninvasive stimulation capability for treating brain diseases. Although there have been several studies related to ultrasonic neuromodulation, these studies have suffered from poor spatial resolution of the ultrasound and low repeatability with a fixed condition caused by conventional and commercialized ultrasound transducers. In addition, the underlying physics and mechanisms of ultrasonic neuromodulation are still unknown. To determine these mechanisms and accurately modulate neural circuits, researchers must have a precisely controllable ultrasound transducer to conduct experiments at the cellular level. Herein, we introduce a new MEMS ultrasound stimulation system for modulating neurons or brain slices with high spatial resolution. The piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with small membranes (sub-mm membranes) generate enough power to stimulate neurons and enable precise modulation of neural circuits. We designed the ultrasound transducer as an array structure to enable localized modulation in the target region. In addition, we integrated a cell culture chamber with the system to make it compatible with conventional cell-based experiments, such as in vitro cell cultures and brain slices. In this work, we successfully demonstrated the functionality of the system by showing that the number of responding cells is proportional to the acoustic intensity of the applied ultrasound. We also demonstrated localized stimulation capability with high spatial resolution by conducting experiments in which cocultured cells responded only around a working transducer.
Direct measurement of single-molecule dynamics in free solution (1997)

Continuous monitoring of the solution dynamics of individual rhodamine-6G molecules and 30-base-ss-DNA tagged with rhodamine is achieved by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. A small observation depth is defined by exciting the molecules either through the evanescent wave at the quartz-liquid interface, or by using micron-size wires to form a thin layer of solution. A microscope thus affords diffraction-limited resolution of interconnected volume elements that are 13 aL, to 360 aL, respectively. An intensified CCD camera repeatedly records fluorescence from the same set of molecules to provide rate information on each as they diffuse and photobleach. With a special detection arrangement, time resolution down to 0.37 ms was achieved. The present technical limit is 10 ps for direct clocking of events. Statistical variations in molecular diffusion coefficients and in photobleaching rates are found. The average diffusion coefficients are smaller and the average photobleaching lifetimes are longer for the dye-DNA covalent complex compared to the molecule by itself.
Effects of different bits and bridles on frequency of induced swallowing in cantering horses (2005)

Abstract It has been suggested that the presence of a bit reflexly increases salivation but, at the same time, interferes with the horse's ability to swallow. The objective of this study was to compare swallowing frequency in 12 horses exercising at canter while wearing a head collar, a bitless bridle, a jointed snaffle bit and a Myler correctional-ported barrel bit. Laryngeal movements were recorded videoendoscopically as the horses cantered (8 m s −1 ) on a high speed treadmill, with the use of side reins to flex the poll. Swallowing was stimulated artificially by infusion of sterile water at a constant rate of 5 ml min −1 through a cannula in the endoscope's biopsy port. The results showed large differences in swallowing frequency between horses. Swallowing frequency was lower for the Myler snaffle than for the other conditions ( P &lt;0.05). It is concluded that the presence of a bit does not preclude swallowing during exercise at canter with the poll in a flexed position, but certain types of bits may be associated with a reduction in swallowing frequency.
Clinical and Experimental Applications of Sodium Phenylbutyrate (2011)

Histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase are enzymes responsible for histone acetylation and deacetylation, respectively, in which the histones are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail and on the surface of the nucleosome core. These processes are considered the most important epigenetic mechanisms for remodeling the chromatin structure and controlling the gene expression. Histone acetylation is associated with gene activation. Sodium phenylbutyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been approved for treatement of urea cycle disorders and is under investigation in cancer, hemoglobinopathies, motor neuron diseases, and cystic fibrosis clinical trials. Due to its characteristics, not only of histone deacetylase inhibitor, but also of ammonia sink and chemical chaperone, the interest towards this molecule is growing worldwide. This review aims to update the current literature, involving the use of sodium phenylbutyrate in experimental studies and clinical trials.
A Fold-Independent Interface Residue Is Crucial for Complex Formation and Allosteric Signaling in Class I Glutamine Amidotransferases (2019)

The members of the glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) family catalyze the incorporation of ammonia within numerous metabolic pathways and can be categorized in two classes. Here, we concentrated on class I GATases, which are heteromeric enzyme complexes consisting of synthase subunits and glutaminase subunits with a catalytic Cys-His-Glu triad. Glutamine hydrolysis at the glutaminase subunit is (i) dependent on the formation of tight synthase-glutaminase complexes and (ii) allosterically coupled to the presence of the substrate at the synthase subunit. The structural basis of both complex formation and allostery is poorly understood. However, previous work on 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase suggested that a conserved aspartate residue in their synthase subunits, which is located at the subunit interface close to the glutaminase catalytic triad, might be important for both features. We performed a computational screen of class I GATases from the Protein Data Bank and identified conserved and similarly located aspartate residues. We then generated alanine and glutamate mutants of these residues and characterized them by analytical gel filtration and steady-state enzyme kinetics. The results confirmed the important role of the wild-type aspartate residues for the formation of stable synthase-glutaminase complexes (in three of four cases) and the stimulation of glutaminase activity in the analyzed GATases (in all four cases). We present a model for rationalizing the dual role of the conserved aspartate residue toward a unifying regulation mechanism in the entire class I GATase family.