gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing Methods for Producing Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composite Scaffolds: A Review (2019)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been considered for decades an ideal biomaterial for bone repair due to its compositional and crystallographic similarity to bio-apatites in hard tissues. However, fabrication of porous HAp acting as a template (scaffold) for supporting bone regeneration and growth has been a challenge to biomaterials scientists. The introduction of additive manufacturing technologies, which provide the advantages of a relatively fast, precise, controllable and potentially scalable fabrication process, has opened new horizons in the field of bioceramic scaffolds. This review focuses on 3D-printed HAp scaffolds and related composite systems, where the calcium phosphate phase is combined with other ceramics or polymers improving the mechanical properties and/or imparting special extra-functionalities. The main applications of 3D-printed HAp scaffolds in bone tissue engineering are presented and discussed; furthermore, this review also emphasizes the most recent achievements towards the development and testing of multifunctional HAp-based systems combining multiple properties for advanced therapy (e.g. bone regeneration, antibacterial effect, angiogenesis and cancer treatment).
Local Spots of Lunar Water-Ice Permafrost in Shadow and in Sunlight, as Seen by LEND/LRO (2011)

BY LEND/LRO. I. G. Mitrofanov , M. L. Litvak, A. B. Sanin, A. A. Malakhov, D. V. Golovin, W. Boynton, G. Droege, G. Chin, L. Evens, K. Harshman, J. Garvin, A. Kozyrev, T. McClanahan, G. Milikh, M. Mokrousov, R. Starr, R. Sagdeev, V. Shevchenko, V. Shvetsov, V. Tret’yakov, J. Trombka, A. Varenikov and A. Vostrukhin. Institute for Space Research of Russian Academy of Science, 117997 Moscow, Russia, imitrofa@space.ru, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA, Computer Science Corporation, Greenbelt, USA, University of Maryland, College Park, USA, Catholic University, Washington DC, USA, Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Joint Institute of Nuclear Energy, Dubna, Moscow.
Study on test the large aperture flat by a smaller standard mirror use the Ritchey-Common method (2014)

Use a large aperture spherical surface as a standard mirror to test the large aperture plane mirror have been wildly studied, but most research restrain on the situation that the aperture of the standard mirror is larger than the flat. Sometimes we may not have such a large spherical mirror, and how to use a smaller standard mirror to test a large aperture flat is eager to be researched. Based on the principle of the Ritchey-Common testing method, accorded to the situation above, then analyzed the relationship between the Ritchey angle, the mirror's diameter and the mirror spacing, finally deduced the relationship equation, that result can be well used in the testing of the large aperture flat.
Active Q-switching of a fiber laser using a modulated fiber Fabry–Perot filter and a fiber Bragg grating (2016)

We propose and demonstrate a simple and robust actively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber ring cavity laser. The Q-switching is based on dynamic spectral overlapping of two filters, namely a fiber Bragg grating-based filter and a fiber Fabry–Perot tunable filter. Using 3.5 m of erbium-doped fiber and a pump power of only 60 mW, Q-switched pulses with a peak power of 9.7 W and a pulse duration of 500 ns were obtained. A pulse repetition rate can be continuously varied from a single shot to a few KHz.
The pharmacologic profile of paroxetine, a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. (1992)

Paroxetine is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, being more potent in vitro than fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline. In contrast to the tricyclic antidepressants, paroxetine has little affinity for catecholaminergic or histaminergic systems. Paroxetine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes first-pass metabolism that is partially saturable. Unlike the metabolites of fluoxetine and sertraline, the metabolites of paroxetine are pharmacologically inactive in vivo. Steady-state paroxetine plasma concentrations are generally achieved within 4 to 14 days of commencing therapy and remain stable thereafter. The pharmacokinetics of paroxetine are also consistent with once-daily dosing. This pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profile, taken together with extensive clinical data, indicates that paroxetine is a valuable addition to the physician's armamentarium for the treatment of depression.
Statistical-noise effect on power spectrum of long-range-correlated line-edge and line-width roughness (2011)

We formerly developed the "assembly method" for analyzing the line-edge and line-width roughness (LER/LWR) that has a long-range correlation beyond the conventional analysis limit, as reported in a previous work. In that method, we repeatedly assembled virtual long lines by gathering line segments, which were arbitrarily disposed on actual long lines and by randomly changing their combination and order, permitting the assembled lines to share the same line segments. Then, we obtained the power spectral density (PSD) of the LER/LWR of the assembled lines considering the lines as seamless. We also derived an analytic formula of the assembled-line PSDs for use in the PSD fitting method. This formula agreed very well with experimental PSDs. In this report, we propose guidelines for suppressing the statistical-noise effect on the assembly method for the purpose of accurately analyzing the long-range-correlated LER/LWR. The guidelines will greatly help shed light on the long-range correlation, which causes the variability even in large devices but has long been veiled due to the lack of metrology.
A full duplex Front End Module for WiFi 802.11.n applications (2008)

This paper describes a complete FEM (front end module) that provides a true full duplex operation, transmit in the 2.4 GHz band while receive in the 5-6 GHz band or vise-versa. This allows superior data rates (2 to 3 times faster) compared to traditional half-duplex systems. The FEM is built from one IC on a 4times6 mm LTCC substrate package. The e-mode PHEMT IC integrates dual low noise amplifiers, dual switches, and dual power amplifiers, power detector and control logic. The LTCC provides a package base and buried antenna diplexer, LNA post filters, and PA pre-filters. The receive 2.4/5-6 GHz channels provide less than 3.8 dB total noise figure at 10 dB gain and 10 mA. In the 802.11g 2.4 GHz transmit mode the FEM provides 17 dBm linear power under 54 Mbps OFDM, at -25 EVM, while drawing only 136 mA of peak current. In the 802.11a 5-6 GHz transmit mode the FEM provides over 17 dBm linear power out under 54 Mbps OFDM, at -24 EVM while drawing 150 mA of peak current. The FEM has integrated all CMOS compatible control functions for power down and duplex mode select. This is the only know or published full duplex FEM at this performance level known for 802.11abgn applications.
Risks of allogeneic hand transplantation (2004)

A patient undergoing allogeneic hand transplantation needs lifelong immunosuppression with the risk of serious side effects, including life-threatening disease. The question remains: does the eventual improvement in function justify the risk? To answer this question, we try to assess the risks based on a large body of cumulative data derived from more 200,000 kidney transplants using the Collaborative Transplantation Study (CTS). Only selective data which apply to a patient population aged between 15-40 years were used (n = 58,310). Data are compared to the literature references and show superiority with respect to patient numbers, statistics, actuality, and methodology. The CTS data show that the incidence of de novo malignancies is lower than previously reported. The risk of developing any form of cancer is approximately 3%, of developing a skin cancer 1.1%, and of developing a lymphoma 0.58% within 5 years after transplantation. The risk of suffering from a cataract is 11% after 5 years, which is also lower than previously reported. Although the incidence of side effects (particularly malignant disease) is likely to be lower than previously thought, the risk-benefit question must be answered by each hand surgeon for each individual patient.
External stenting and disease progression in saphenous vein grafts two years after coronary artery bypass grafting: A multicenter randomized trial (2021)

Two years after coronary artery bypass grafting, external stenting improves Fitzgibbon patency scales of saphenous vein grafts and significantly reduces intimal hyperplasia area and thickness. Whether this will eventually lead to improved long-term patency is still unknown.
Pervaporative Dehydration of Organic Solvents (1997)

Abstract Pervaporative separation of acetone/water and isopropanol (IPA)/water systems has been studied in the water-lean range of composition of the feed mixtures. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes crosslinked with citric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, glutaraldehyde, and glyoxal were used for this purpose. The sorption characteristics of all the membranes indicate that these membranes have a good sorption selectivity for water in view of the hydrophilic nature of PVA. The type of crosslinker used for crosslinking has been shown to have an important bearing on the permeation characteristics of the membranes. Thus, the trifunctional citric acid yields the highest selectivity but lowest flux. A comparison of the productive capacities of the various membranes indicates that the glutaraldehyde crosslinked membrane has the maximum productive capacity for IPA dehydration whereas maleic acid crosslinked membrane yields the highest productive capacity for acetone dehydration.
Ultra-high-speed optical signal processing of Tbaud data signals (2010)

We describe methods to generate and optically signal process Tbaud serial optical data signals. We present sub-systems making serial optical Tbit/s systems compatible with standard Ethernet data for data centre applications, and present Tbit/s results using a.o. silicon nanowires.
Isolation and Characterization of a Water Stress-Specific Genomic Gene, pwsi 18, from Rice (1998)

One of the water stress-specific cDNA clones of rice characterised previously, wsi18, was selected for further study. The wsi18 gene can be induced by water stress conditions such as mannitol, NaCl, and dryness, but not by ABA, cold, or heat. A genomic clone for wsi18, pwsi18, contained about 1.7 kbp of the 5' upstream sequence, two introns, and the full coding sequence. The 5'-upstream sequence of pwsi18 contained putative cis-acting elements, namely an ABA-responsive element (ABRE), three G-boxes, three E-boxes, a MEF-2 sequence, four direct and two inverted repeats, and four sequences similar to DRE, which is involved in the dehydration response of Arabidopsis genes. The gusA reporter gene under the control of the pwsi18 promoter showed transient expression in response to water stress. Deletion of the downstream DRE-like sequence between the distal G-boxes-2 and -3 resulted in rather low GUS expression.
Confocal fluorescence microscopy in modern cell biology. (1991)

Confocal fluorescence microscopy has become a major tool in modern cell biology. The paper explains the basic principles and especially the depth discrimination properties of confocal microscopy. An important application is described briefly and outlined with some figures. The paper concludes with remarks on features to be expected in the near future.
Influence of Insulin and Contractile Activity on Muscle Size and Protein Balance (1979)

Although the biochemical mechanism by which insulin and contractile activity affect protein turnover in muscle are still unclear, certain physiologic conclusions can be made; (a) Increased work can induce muscle hypertrophy even in the diabetic or starving animal. Thus, work-induced growth differs from normal growth of muscle in not requiring insulin. (b) Like insulin, repeated contractions stimulate the transport of amino acids into muscle. Contractile activity or passive tension can also reduce the rate of protein degradation in this tissue. These effects can be shown with isolated muscles in vitro, but the mechanisms coupling contractile activity to these anabolic processes are unknown. (c) Insulin also reduces overall protein breakdown in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver, apparently by regulating lysosomal function. (d) Insulin reduces selectively the breakdown of cell proteins with relatively long half-lives. This hormone does not affect the rapid breakdown of abnormal proteins which probably does not occur within the lysosome. (c) Normally, liver and muscle degrade large, acidic cell proteins quite rapidly, but this selectivity is lost in the tissues of diabetic or starved organisms, in which proteolysis is accelerated.
How to Brew Alcohol-rich Soy Sauce (2) (2008)

[in Japanese]
Glucose and C-Peptide Changes in the Perionset Period of Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (2008)

It seems that postchallenge C-peptide levels begin to decrease appreciably in the 6 months before diagnosis and decrease even more rapidly within 3 months after diagnosis.
Brain Systems for Probabilistic and Dynamic Prediction: Computational Specificity and Integration (2013)

A computational approach to functional specialization suggests that brain systems can be characterized in terms of the types of computations they perform, rather than their sensory or behavioral domains. We contrasted the neural systems associated with two computationally distinct forms of predictive model: a reinforcement-learning model of the environment obtained through experience with discrete events, and continuous dynamic forward modeling. By manipulating the precision with which each type of prediction could be used, we caused participants to shift computational strategies within a single spatial prediction task. Hence (using fMRI) we showed that activity in two brain systems (typically associated with reward learning and motor control) could be dissociated in terms of the forms of computations that were performed there, even when both systems were used to make parallel predictions of the same event. A region in parietal cortex, which was sensitive to the divergence between the predictions of the models and anatomically connected to both computational networks, is proposed to mediate integration of the two predictive modes to produce a single behavioral output.
Fast magnetization precession observed in L1-FePt epitaxial thin film (2011)

Fast magnetization precession is observed in L10-FePt alloy epitaxial thin films excited and detected by all-optical means. The precession frequency varies from 45 to 65 GHz depending on the applied magnetic field strength and direction, which can be explained by a uniform precession model taking account of first- and second-order uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The lowest effective Gilbert damping constant has a minimum value of 0.055, which is about half that in Co/Pt multilayers and is comparable to Ni/Co multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
一棵和我“青梅竹马”的鸡爪槭 (2015)

寒来暑往，它精心地变换着四季着装：青梅竹马，它默默地伴随我茁壮成长。这棵青枫是我家不离不弃的成员，是养育了无数孩子的“英雄妈妈”。最爱的自然是它深秋释放的华美。春的娇柔妩媚，夏的葱茏俊秀，秋的艳丽缤纷，冬的深沉坚毅，在四季变幻的鸡爪槭上轮转。
Organization of chicken DNA sequences homologous to the transforming gene of avian myeloblastosis virus. I. Restriction enzyme analysis of total DNA from normal and leukemic cells (1982)

Hybridization probes consisting of cloned DNA recombinants which represent different regions of the leukemogenic sequence (amv) from avian myeloblastosis virus were used to carry out a more detailed restriction endonuclease analysis of the homologous sequences (proto-amv) present in normal and leukemic chicken DNA. The results show that four large introns interrupt the normal cellular proto-amv sequences and that there is no major rearrangement of these sequences in leukemic myeloblasts.
Numerical investigation of dynamic effects on unsteady flow measurements using a two-dimensional probe (2012)

WTFZ] The dynamic effects in measurements of unsteady flow when using a probe with quasi-steady calibration curves has been investigated in this paper by numerical simulation of the compressible flow around a fixed two-dimensional 3-hole probe. The unsteady velocity and pressure distributions, as well as the hole-pressures, are calculated for high frequency flow variations. The measurement errors caused by the dynamic effects indicate that considerable measurement errors may occur for high frequency flow fluctuation, e.g., 2000Hz, especially, when the flow around the probe head approaches separation. This work shows how numerical simulation can be used to investigate and correct for the dynamic effects.[
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Enzyme‐Mediated Acylation of Colchicoside and Thiocolchicoside. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced Fluid Removal Guided by Blood Volume Monitoring During Chronic Hemodialysis (1998)

Fluid overload predisposes chronic hemodialysis patients to cardiovascular disease, a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. We evaluated the efficacy of monitoring changes in blood volume during routine hemodialysis to detect fluid overload. Intradialytic changes in blood volume were monitored by continuously measuring hematocrit in all 56 patients in a single dialysis unit over 7 weeks. After Week 1, patients were categorized into 2 separate groups depending on their maximum intradialytic decreases in blood volume. In Group 1, 46 of 56 or 82% had greater than a 5% decrease in blood volume while in Group 2, 10 of 56 or 18% had less than a 5% decrease in blood volume. During Weeks 2-7, dialytic fluid removal was intentionally increased in Group 2 patients by 0.80 +/- 0.62 L (mean +/- SD) or 47 +/- 43%. This intervention resulted in a larger (p < 0.02) intradialytic decrease in body weight (2.7 +/- 0.9 kg versus 2.0 +/- 0.8 kg) and a larger (p < 0.02) intradialytic decrease in blood volume (15 +/- 5% versus 4 +/- 1%) than experienced during Week 1 with a low incidence of symptoms. We conclude that there is a significant percentage of chronic hemodialysis patients who can tolerate additional fluid removal without hypovolemic symptoms even though they are considered to be at dry weight by routine physical examination and that the identification of these patients can be facilitated by intradialytic blood volume monitoring.
Soft decoding of linear block codes with differentialphase detection (2001)

Soft decoding of linear block codes is considered over a Gaussian channel. A noncoherent soft decision differential phase detector that operates on many preselected regions is considered for detection. Numerical results demonstrate the improvement of soft decoding over hard decoding and the effect of the number of regions in the phase detector.
Proton and Electron Additions to Iron(II) Dinitrogen Complexes Containing Pendant Amines (2014)

Protonation of an iron C–H activated complex containing pendant amines in the presence of N2 generated a cis-(H)FeII–N2 complex. Addition of acid protonates the pendant amines. Reduction of the protonated complex results in N2 loss and H2 formation, followed by N2 binding. The origin of H2 formation in this Fe system is compared to proposed mechanisms for H2 loss and N2 coordination in the E4 state of nitrogenase.
Photosensitized decomposition of S‐nitrosothiols and 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane Possible use for site‐directed nitric oxide production (1995)

Irradiation of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) with light (lambda = 550 nm) resulted in the homolytic decomposition of GSNO to generate glutathionyl radical (GS.) and nitric oxide (.NO), which were monitored by ESR spectrometry. Inclusion of Rose Bengal (RB) resulted in a 9-fold increase in the quantum yield for .NO production and also an increase in the rate of thiyl radical formation. The bimolecular rate constant for the interaction of triplet RB with GSNO has been estimated to be approximately 1.2 x 10(9) M-1s-1 by competition with oxygen. Hematoporphyrin (HP) also enhanced the rate of .NO production by 2-3-fold. 2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP) decomposed on irradiation (lambda = 660 nm) to form .NO and tert-butyl radical. Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate enhanced the rate of decomposition of MNP by 10-fold. These studies show that photosensitizers enhance the release of .NO from donor compounds.
Redox Flow Batteries: MetILs3: A Strategy for High Density Energy Storage Using Redox‐Active Ionic Liquids (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 9/2017) (2017)

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) hold the potential for high energy density grid scale storage, though are often limited by the solubility of the redox-active species in their electrolytes. In article number 1700066, a systematic approach for increasing the concentration of redox-active species in electrolytes for nonaqueous RFB, starting from a metal coordination cation-based ionic liquid is presented, by Leo J. Small and co-workers. Cover graphics prepared by Vicente Garcia.
MEMS/MST Model Verification and Materials Parameter Extraction using MEMSPEC™-2000 (2000)

We describe the current status of the MEMSPEC2000 MEMS/MST characterization system. This system has been designed to provide automated multi-domain measurements of a wide range of MEMS/MST devices. The system is capable of high resolution surface profiling across the whole surface of a wafer. It can also be used to study motion of micro devices, both in-plane and out-of-plane. The system uses non-contact laser probing and automated navigation across a wafer. The system is at present fully functional and being benchmarked against a wide variety of test devices.