gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prestrain on the Actuation Characteristics of Dielectric Elastomers (2020)

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) represent a class of electroactive polymers that deform due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged electrodes under a varying electric field. Over the last couple of decades, DEs have garnered considerable attention due to their much-coveted actuation properties. As far as the precise measurement systems are concerned, however, there is no standard instrument or interface to quantify various related parameters, e.g., actuation stress, strain, voltage and creeping etc. In this communication, we present an in-depth study of dielectric actuation behavior of dielectric rubbers by the state-of-the-art <i>"Dresden Smart Rubber Analyzer" (DSRA)</i>, designed and developed in-house. The instrument allowed us to elucidate various factors that could influence the output efficiency of the DEs. Herein, several non-conventional DEs such as hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nitrile rubber with different acrylonitrile contents, were employed as an electro-active matrix. The effect of viscoelastic creeping on the prestrain, molecular architecture of the matrices, e.g., nitrile content of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) etc., are also discussed in detail.
Risankizumab in severe asthma: A Phase IIa, placebo-controlled study (2020)

Interleukin (IL)-23 is implicated in many chronic inflammatory diseases, but its role in asthma is unclear. We undertook a Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week, parallel-group, multi-center study to assess the efficacy and safety of risankizumab, an IL23p19 monoclonal antibody, administered subcutaneously (90 mg every 4 weeks) in adults with severe asthma. The primary outcome was time-to-first asthma worsening defined as deterioration from baseline for ≥2 consecutive days (≥30% fall in morning peak expiratory flow or increase of ≥50% and at least 4 puffs in daily rescue medication), an increase in the five-question Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ5) ≥0.75 or a severe asthma exacerbation. Secondary endpoints included annualized rate of asthma worsening and severe exacerbations, ACQ5 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Exploratory biomarkers including sputum cytology were evaluated. 105 patients received risankizumab and 109 received placebo. Clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Time-to-first asthma worsening significantly favored placebo (median 40 versus 86 days [hazard ratio 1.46; p=0.026]). Annualized asthma worsening was increased in risankizumab versus placebo (rate ratio 1.49 [0.22]; p=0.007) but was not different for severe exacerbation (rate ratio 1.13 [0.24]; p=0.56). The mean [SE] difference for ACQ5 was 0.15 [0.12] (p=0.20); pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1 were -0.04L [0.05L] (p=0.44) and -0.07L [0.05L] (p=0.14), respectively. There were no significant changes in sputum cell differentials. In conclusion, Risankizumab was not beneficial in severe asthma with time-to-first and rate of asthma worsening favoring placebo versus risankizumab.
Aging Property of Halide Solid Electrolyte at the Cathode Interface (2023)

Halide solid electrolytes have recently emerged as a promising option for cathode-compatible catholytes in solid-state batteries (SSBs), owing to their superior oxidation stability at high voltage and their interfacial stability. However, their day- to month-scale aging at the cathode interface has remained unexplored until now, while its elucidation is indispensable for practical deployment. Herein, the stability of halide solid electrolytes (e.g., Li<sub>3</sub> InCl<sub>6</sub> ) when used with conventional layered oxide cathodes during extended calendar aging is investigated. It is found that, contrary to their well-known oxidation stability, halide solid electrolytes can be vulnerable to reductive side reactions with oxide cathodes (e.g., LiNi<sub>0.8</sub> Co<sub>0.1</sub> Mn<sub>0.1</sub> O<sub>2</sub> ) in the long term. More importantly, the calendar aging at a low state of charge or as-fabricated state causes more significant degradation than at a high state of charge, in contrast to typical lithium-ion batteries, which are more susceptible to high-state-of-charge calendar aging. This unique characteristic of halide-based SSBs is related to the reduction propensity of metal ions in halide solid electrolytes and correlated to the formation of an interphase due to the reductive decomposition triggered by the oxide cathode in a lithiated state. This understanding of the long-term aging properties provides new guidelines for the development of cathode-compatible halide solid electrolytes.
Joint Synchronization Of Viterbi And Reed-Solomon Decoders (1995)

Synchronization times reduced to reduce loss of data. Scheme for decoding received doubly encoded binary-data signal provides for joint synchronization of two decoders. Applies to concatenated error-correcting channel coding communication system in which, at transmitter, data first encoded by interleaved Reed-Solomon code (block code), then by convolutional code.
Biosynthetic incorporation of tryptophan analogues into staphylococcal nuclease: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 7-azatryptophan on structure and stability (1997)

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5HW) and 7-azatryptophan (7AW) are analogue of tryptophan that potentially can be incorporated biosynthetically into proteins and used as spectroscopic probes for studying protein-DNA and protein-protein complexes. The utility of these probes will depend on the extent to which they can be incorporated and the demonstration that they cause minimal perturbation of a protein's structure and stability. To investigate these factors in a model protein, we have incorporated 5HW and 7AW biosynthetically into staphylococcal nuclease A, using a trp auxotroph Escherichia coli expression system containing the temperature-sensitive lambda cI repressor, Both tryptophan analogues are incorporated into the protein with good efficiency. From analysis of absorption spectra, we estimate approximately 95% incorporation of 5HW into position 140 of nuclease, and we estimate approximately 98% incorporation of 7AW, CD spectra of the nuclease variants are similar to that of the tryptophan-containing protein, indicating that the degree of secondary structure is not changed by the tryptophan analogues. Steady-state fluorescence data show emission maxima of 338 nm for 5HW-containing nuclease and 355 nm for 7AW-containing nuclease. Time-resolved fluorescence intensity and anisotropy measurements indicate that the incorporated 5HW residue, like tryptophan at position 140, has a dominant rotational correlation time that is approximately the value expected for global rotation of the protein. Guanidine-hydrochloride-induced unfolding studies show the unfolding transition to be two-state for 5HW-containing protein, with a free energy change for unfolding that is equal to that of the tryptophan-containing protein. In contrast, the guanidine-hydrochloride-induced unfolding of 7AW-containing nuclease appears to show a non-two-state transition, with the apparent stability of the protein being less than that of the tryptophan form.
Computer simulation of synthetic apertures radar for classroom demonstration (2017)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has many civilian and military applications as a high resolution imaging system. A Mathematica® simulation of Synthetic Aperture Acoustic Radar will demonstrate how two-dimensional point targets on a ground plane can be imaged from a collection of acoustic echoes. A transmitter and receiver will be modeled as a one point element that stops along a linear track at collection points and hops to the next location (stop and hop approximation). The transmitter on the hypothetical apparatus will transmit acoustic signals that reflect off the targets as echoes to be collected by the receiver at each location of the track. A matched filter correlation process will complete pulse compression of the LFM (linear frequency modulated) chirp. The image reflectance of the point targets will be constructed using a time correlation/backprojection algorithm developed by Yegulap [“Fast Backprojection Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar,” In Proceedings 1999 IEEE Radar Conference, Waltham, MA, April 20-22, 1999, 60-65]. Image resolution may be improved by increasing chirp bandwidth.
Novel Terahertz Sources in the Form of Multispectral Resonators Boosted by Both Pump Light Local Field Enhancement and Terahertz Purcell Effect (2019)

Most terahertz sources nowadays are still inefficient and have low output powers, especially for the continuous-wave THz radiations in the 1–2 THz band, impeding the further development of terahertz science and its application in various fields. While considerable research effort has been made on the improvement of conversion efficiency from optical/electrical energy to terahertz radiations, less effort is made to maximize the extraction of terahertz energy from the chip to the far field. In this paper, we show a scheme that these two goals can be met simultaneously by making use of multispectral resonators, which resonate both in the terahertz band to improve terahertz extraction via Purcell effect and in the optical frequencies, exhibiting huge local field enhancement to improve the optical-to-terahertz conversion. Using the nonlinear process of difference frequency generation as an example, our results show that combing a large split-ring resonator (SRR) as a terahertz resonator and nanoscale bowtie optical antennas embedded in the SRR slit, an overall enhancement factor larger than 2 × 105 in the radiated terahertz power to the free space can be achieved compared to the case when the metallic structures are absent. This scheme of multispectral resonators can be extended to other terahertz sources, like the photoconductive antennas, and help realize more efficient terahertz sources.
Microstructural Characterization of Nb-Al Base ODS Alloys (2010)

Nb, Al and Y2O3 powders were mechanically alloyed together with 5 wt% stearic acid. The heavy plastic deformation of the powders by mechanical alloying led significant hardening to 970 Hv and the reduced grain size to 10 nm. Nb-Al base ODS alloys consolidated by HIP at 1500 °C and 150 MPa for 0.5 h gave the dual phase of Nb solid solution and Nb3Al compound. The oxide particles are of the hexagonal type YAlO3 (YAH), with the size of 50 nm to 200 nm. The high-temperature ductility at 1200 °C and capability of the grain growth at 2000 °C were confirmed.
A dynamic motion pattern analysis approach to fall detection (2005)

In this paper we present our work on human body movement analysis, especially on fall detection. We have developed a reliable dynamic motion pattern analysis algorithm to detect fall situation. The algorithm works on the digital signal output from waist-mounted accelerometry. It first filters noisy components with a Gaussian filter; secondly sets up a 3D body motion model which relates various body postures to the outputs of accelerometry; finally a dynamic detection process is applied to make decision. Experiments were done on 40 cases mimicking various body movements. Our approach gave right judgements in all cases. Our work is an important part of elder care and rehabilitation.
Measurements of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator{close_quote}s low charge, 4 MeV RF photocathode witness beam (1997)

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator{close_quote}s (AWA) witness RF photocathode gun produced its first electron beam in April of 1996. We have characterized the charge, energy, emittance and bunch length of the witness beam over the last several months. The emittance was measured by both a quad scan that fitted for space charge using an in house developed Mathematica routine and a pepper pot technique. The bunch length was measured by imaging Cherenkov light from a quartz plate to a Hamamatsu streak camera with 2 psec resolution. A beam energy of 3.9 MeV was measured with a 6 inch round pole spectrometer while a beam charge was measured with both an ICT and a Faraday Cup. Although the gun will normally be run at 100 pC it has produced charges from 10 pC to 4 nC. All results of the measurements to date are presented here. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}
Structure-Function Correlation in Glycine Oxidase from Bacillus subtilis (2004)

Structure-function relationships of the flavoprotein glycine oxidase (GO), which was recently proposed as the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of thiamine in Bacillus subtilis, has been investigated by a combination of structural and functional studies. The structure of the GO-glycolate complex was determined at 1.8 A, a resolution at which a sketch of the residues involved in FAD binding and in substrate interaction can be depicted. GO can be considered a member of the "amine oxidase" class of flavoproteins, such as d-amino acid oxidase and monomeric sarcosine oxidase. With the obtained model of GO the monomer-monomer interactions can be analyzed in detail, thus explaining the structural basis of the stable tetrameric oligomerization state of GO, which is unique for the GR(2) subfamily of flavooxidases. On the other hand, the three-dimensional structure of GO and the functional experiments do not provide the functional significance of such an oligomerization state; GO does not show an allosteric behavior. The results do not clarify the metabolic role of this enzyme in B. subtilis; the broad substrate specificity of GO cannot be correlated with the inferred function in thiamine biosynthesis, and the structure does not show how GO could interact with ThiS, the following enzyme in thiamine biosynthesis. However, they do let a general catabolic role of this enzyme on primary or secondary amines to be excluded because the expression of GO is not inducible by glycine, sarcosine, or d-alanine as carbon or nitrogen sources.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐3 Acetoxylation of N‐Acyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐pyridones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Solution for Unstable Boronic Acids: Slow‐Release Cross‐Coupling from Air‐Stable MIDA Boronates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New Type of Cytokine Receptor Antagonist Directly Targeting gp130 (1998)

The interleukin-6-type family of cytokines bind to receptor complexes that share gp130 as a common signal-transducing subunit. So far, receptor antagonists for interleukin-6-type cytokines have been constructed that still bind to the specific ligand binding subunit of the receptor complex, but have lost the ability to stimulate gp130. Such receptor antagonists compete for a specific receptor of a member of the cytokine family. Interleukin-6 only binds to gp130 when complexed with the interleukin-6 receptor that exists as a membrane bound and soluble molecule. Here we have constructed fusion proteins that consist of the soluble form of the human interleukin-6 receptor covalently linked to interleukin-6 receptor antagonists. These fusion proteins directly bind to gp130. Moreover, at concentrations of 10-50 nM they completely neutralize not only the biological activity of interleukin-6 but also of other cytokines of the interleukin-6-type family that act via gp130 homodimers or gp130/LIF-R heterodimers. Therefore, these gp130 targeting cytokine antagonists might be useful therapeutic tools in disease states that are related to cytokines of the interleukin-6 family.
Morphological Modifications of Selenium by Recrystallization of its Aqueous Complex Solutions (2006)

Recrystallization of elemental selenium (Se) from aqueous solution in presence of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) and sodium sulphide (Na2S) acting as complexing agents has resulted in the formation of nano and microstructures of Se having five different morphological modifications. (1) An aqueous solution of sodium selenosulphate (Na2SO3Se) obtained by dissolving Se in Na2SO3 under refluxing condition yields hemispherical microcrystals. (2) The filtrate of the above reaction mixture on aging produces hexagonal prismatic microrods of Se. Addition of Na2SO3Se solution to formalin (HCHO) at room temperature and refluxing conditions generates (3) Se nanorods, and (4) spherical microcrystals, respectively. (5) Recrystallization of Se from aqueous solution of Na2S develops flower shaped microcrystals.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentenoic Acid Pathways for Cellulosic Biofuels (2010)

Abstract Review: 14 refs.
Novel GABAa ligands, inspired by nature (2009)

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to three different classes of receptors: GABAA-, GABAB- and GABAC receptors. GABAA- and GABAC are both ligand gated chloride ion channels, while GABAB are G-protein coupled receptors. GABAA receptors are important therapeutic targets for anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, epilepsies, mood disorders, schizophrenia and sleep disorders. Due to the commercial interest, many compound classes, such as benzodiazepines, steroids, and barbiturates, are known to allosterically modify the effect of GABA by binding to distinct sites of the GABAA receptors.
An Analysis of Approximations for Finding a Maximum Weight Hamiltonian Circuit (1979)

We give bounds on heuristics and relaxations for the problem of determining a maximum weight hamiltonian circuit in a complete, undirected graph with non-negative edge weights. Three well-known heuristics are shown to produce a tour whose weight is at least half of the weight of an optimal tour. Another heuristic, based on perfect two-matchings, is shown to produce a tour whose weight is at least two-thirds of the weight of an optimal tour. Assignment and perfect two-matching relaxations are shown to produce upper bounds that are, respectively, at most 2 and 3/2 times the optimal value. By defining a more general measure of performance, we extend the results to arbitrary edge weights and minimization problems. We also present analogous results for directed graphs.
Photosensitive post-tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides (2007)

We present experimental results on post-tuning the dispersion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide made from Ge 33 As 12 Se 55 chalcogenide glass by exploiting the material photosensitivity to nearbandgap light.The change in the refractive index and volume of the material in response to exposure to 633nm light resulted in a shift of more than 5nm in the resonant coupling wavelength between a tapered optical fiber and the modes of a W1 waveguide.This represents a first proof of principle demonstration of the photosensitive post-tuning of a planar photonic crystal device.
Diglycolamide-functionalized poly(propylene imine) diaminobutane dendrimers for sequestration of trivalent f-elements: synthesis, extraction and complexation (2016)

Three diglycolamide-functionalized poly(propylene imine) diaminobutane dendrimers, viz., zero generation (LI), first generation (LII), and second generation (LIII), were synthesized and evaluated for their complexation ability towards trivalent actinides and lanthanides. The distribution coefficient (D) of Am<sup>3+</sup> with 1.0 mmol L<sup>-1</sup> ligand in 3 M HNO<sub>3</sub> follows the order: 0.1 (LI) < 42 (LII) < 110 (LIII). Slope analysis indicated the stoichiometry of the extracted complexes as: 1 : 2 (M : L) for LI and 1 : 2 (M : L) for both LII and LIII. A complexation study of a representative lanthanide (Eu<sup>3+</sup>) with the three ligands by absorption spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the above stoichiometry. The stability constants (log β) for the ML complexes of Eu<sup>3+</sup> with the three ligands were determined to be 5.2 ± 0.03, 5.3 ± 0.01, and 5.4 ± 0.02 for LI, LII, and LIII, respectively. The identical log β values (within experimental error) for all the ligands indicate that the complexation is not affected by the branching of the ligands. The metal/ligand complex formation was explained with the help of spectroscopic data.
Cancer progression as a sequence of atavistic reversions (2021)

It has long been recognized that cancer onset and progression represent a type of reversion to an ancestral quasi-unicellular phenotype. This general concept has been refined into the atavistic model of cancer that attempts to provide a quantitative analysis and testable predictions based on genomic data. Over the past decade, support for the multicellular-to-unicellular reversion predicted by the atavism model has come from phylostratigraphy. Here, we propose that cancer onset and progression involve more than a one-off multicellular-to-unicellular reversion, and are better described as a series of reversionary transitions. We make new predictions based on the chronology of the unicellular-eukaryote-to-multicellular-eukaryote transition. We also make new predictions based on three other evolutionary transitions that occurred in our lineage: eukaryogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and the transition to adaptive immunity. We propose several modifications to current phylostratigraphy to improve age resolution to test these predictions. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/3unEu5JYJrQ.
New Combined Detection System for STXM and the Applicability of (CdSe)ZnS Nanocrystals to SLXM (2008)

Stony Brook University Libraries.&#13;\nSBU Graduate School in Physics and Astronomy.&#13;\nLawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), Chris J. Jacobsen { Thesis Advisor&#13;\nProfessor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Konstantin K. Likharev { Chairperson of Defense&#13;\nProfessor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Robert E. Shrock&#13;\nProfessor, C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics.
An Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray Analysis And SEM Study Of Debris Remaining On Endodontic Instruments After Ultrasonic Cleaning And Autoclave Sterilization (2005)

This study was carried out to investigate metallic and non-metallic debris remaining on endodontic files after ultrasonic cleaning and autoclave processing. Forty-eight unused rotary and hand endodontic files, including eight different brands, were tested. Instruments were cleaned with ultrasound, autoclaved and before and after each step were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adherent debris was analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). All of the instruments before ultrasound cleaning were contaminated with metallic and non-metallic debris. Although most non-metallic debris was removed by ultrasonic cleaning, most of the metallic debris remained even after the final step of sterilization.
Creation and annealing kinetics of magnetic oxygen vacancy centers in SiO2 (1983)

Dose and energy dependence of the E′1 defect density/cm2 created in SiO2 by implantation of Ar ions has been determined by electron paramagnetic resonance. A dose dependent region followed by a saturated, dose independent region is found for all energies studied (50–150 keV). In the low dose limit for 100-keV Ar ions we estimate E1 creation to be 35/implant ion. The defect density/cm2 is found to be a linear function of the longitudinal atomic collisional damage distribution consistent with a picture of overlapping lateral damage distributions. A simple model for defect creation and annihilation gives a good quantitative explanation of the observed energy and dose dependence of the defect density. Isothermal annealing studies have been performed and the results do not follow those expected for a simple exponentially activated process. A model assuming correlated defect/interstitial recovery gives a better description of the experimental results and suggests an activation energy for recovery of approximately 0.85 eV.