gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectric properties of Cu2ZnSnS4thin films deposited by thermal evaporation (2012)

Sn/Cu/ZnS precursor were deposited by evaporation on soda lime glass at room temperature, and then polycrystalline thin films of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) were produced by sulfurizing the precursors in a sulfur atmosphere at a temperature of 550 °C for 3 h Fabricated CZTS thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry, the Hall effect system, and 3D optical microscopy. The experimental results show that, when the ratios of [Cu]/([Zn] + [Sn]) and [Zn]/[Sn] in the CZTS are 0.83 and 1.15, the CZTS thin films possess an absorption coefficient of larger than 4.0 × 104 cm−1 in the energy range 1.5–3.5 eV, and a direct band gap of about 1.47 eV. The carrier concentration, resistivity and mobility of the CZTS film are 6.98 × 1016 cm−3, 6.96 Ω·cm, and 12.9 cm2/(V·s), respectively and the conduction type is p-type. Therefore, the CZTS thin films are suitable for absorption layers of solar cells.
Back Cover: “Inherently Chiral” Ionic‐Liquid Media: Effective Chiral Electroanalysis on Achiral Electrodes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2017) (2017)

“Inherently chiral” ionic liquids are formed by 1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-bicollidinium salts. As shown by P. R. Mussini, F. Sannicolò et al. in their Communication on page 2079 ff., they grant outstanding enantioselection for different chiral probes on achiral electrodes even as low-concentration additives in achiral ionic liquids. The picture shows a bicollidinium hexafluophosphate proudly in action, endowing an ionic liquid medium with chirality, symbolized by the whirlpool, and enantioselectivity, symbolized by the different attraction of (R)- and (S)-Me-DOPA enantiomers towards the vortex.
Digital television application manager (2001)

The future digital television will provide viewers new interactive services, e.g., Electronic Programming Guide, TV shopping, video-on-demand, etc. The set-top box needs a middleware to launch these applications before interaction and collect garbage after quitting or switching to another service. It is the application manager’s responsibility to manage the lifecycles of the services. Thus, the application manager plays a crucial role in controlling the applications and efficiently utilizing the limited resources of set-top box. This paper presents a design of an application manager, including a lifecycle model of an application and a communication protocol between an application and the application manager. Also, the Application Information Table (AIT), which carries the essential application signaling information in a transport stream is introduced. Finally, the implementation, which uses Java technology, is described in detail.
Physicochemical characterization of protamine-phosphorothioate nanoparticles (2004)

Protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles represent effective colloidal drug carriers for antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PTO). This study describes improvements in particle preparation and the physicochemical properties of the complexes prepared. The influence of component concentrations, length of the PTO chain and the PTO/protamine weight ratio on particle formation and size, shape and surface charge of the particles were studied in detail. Nanoparticles with diameters of 90-200nm were obtained, using protamine free base (PFB) and phosphorothioate in water. The chemical composition of the nanoparticles was analysed. More than 90% of the PTO could be assembled in the particle matrix using a > or = 1:2 ratio (w/w) of PTO and PFB. About 53-68% of the PFB was incorporated in the particle matrix. The complexes had a zetapotential of -19 up to +32 mV, depending on the PTO/PFB ratio. The kinetics of the assembly of this binary system were observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and by sedimentation velocity analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to verify the results of DLS and the ultracentrifuge measurements. According to sedimentation velocity analysis, the particles were only moderately stable in water and unstable in salt solutions. However, the colloidal solution in water could be stabilized by polyethylenglycol 20000 (PEG), which also led to an increase of stability in cell medium.
Zinc and Skin Health (2005)

Skin is in a continual state of renewal, placing a high demand on zinc-based enzymes and proteins that direct this process. The importance of zinc physiologically is especially evident in studies of wound healing and inflammation reduction. During these processes, the high needs for zinc can be supplemented externally, generally increasing the rates of the natural processes. Topical zinc delivery involves the pharmacologic optimization of zinc delivery, often mediated by the solubility of the zinc material and interactions within the product matrix.
Experimental Evidence of Plasma-Induced Incoherence of an Intense Laser Beam Propagating in an Underdense Plasma (2001)

Time dependent large angular spreading and spectral broadening of an intense randomized laser beam propagating in an underdense, well-characterized plasma is measured. The two features are correlated and increase with laser intensity or plasma density. This spatial and temporal incoherence imposed upon the beam via the coupling with the plasma is interpreted, in agreement with recent numerical simulations, as due to the interplay between dynamical filamentation and strongly driven stimulated Brillouin forward scattering.
Feasibility of using ultrasound for real‐time tracking during radiotherapy (2005)

This study was designed to examine the feasibility of utilizing transabdominal ultrasound for real‐time monitoring of target motion during a radiotherapy fraction. A clinical Acuson 128/XP ultrasound scanner was used to image various stationary and moving phantoms while an Elekta SL25 linear accelerator radiotherapy treatment machine was operating. The ultrasound transducer was positioned to image from the outer edge of the treatment field at all times. Images were acquired to videotape and analyzed using in‐house motion tracking algorithms to determine the effect of the SL25 on the quality of the displacement measurements. To determine the effect on the dosimetry of the presence of the transducer, dose distributions were examined using thermoluminescent dosimeters loaded into an Alderson Rando phantom and exposed to a treatment field with and without the ultrasound transducer mounted outside the field edge. The ultrasound images acquired a periodic noise that was shown to occur at the pulsing frequency of the treatment machine. Images of moving tissue were analyzed and the standard deviation on the displacement estimates within the tissue was identical with the SL25 on and off. This implies that the periodic noise did not significantly degrade the precision of the tracking algorithm (which was better than ). The presence of the transducer at the surface of the phantom presented only a 2.6% change to the dose distribution to the volume of the phantom. The feasibility of ultrasonic motion tracking during radiotherapy treatment is demonstrated. This presents the possibility of developing a noninvasive, real‐time and low‐cost method of tracking target motion during a treatment fraction.
Development of a quality, high throughput DNA analysis procedure for skeletal samples to assist with the identification of victims from the World Trade Center attacks. (2003)

The attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) Towers on September 11, 2001, represented the single largest terrorist-related mass fatality incident in the history of the United States. More than 2,700 individuals of varied racial and ethnic background lost their lives that day. Through the efforts of thousands of citizens, including recovery workers, medical examiners, and forensic scientists, the identification of approximately 1,500 victims had been accomplished through June 2003 (the majority of these identifications were made within the first 8-12 months). The principal role of The Bode Technology Group (Bode) in this process was to develop a quality, high throughput DNA extraction and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis procedure for skeletal elements, and to provide STR profiles to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) in New York City to be used for identification of the victims. A high throughput process was developed to include electronic accessioning of samples, so that the numbering system of the OCME was maintained; rapid preparation and sampling of skeletal fragments to allow for the processing of more than 250 fragments per day; use of a 96-well format for sample extraction, DNA quantification, and STR analysis; and use of the Applied Biosystems 3100 and 3700 instrumentation to develop STR profiles. Given the highly degraded nature of the skeletal remains received by Bode, an advanced DNA extraction procedure was developed to increase the quantity of DNA recovery and reduce the co-purification of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification inhibitors. In addition, two new STR multiplexes were developed specifically for this project, which reduced the amplicon size of the STR loci, and therefore, enhanced the ability to obtain results from the most challenged of samples. In all, the procedures developed allowed for the analysis of more than 1,000 skeletal samples each week. Approximately 13,000 skeletal fragments were analyzed at least once, for a total of more than 18,000 analyses, and greater than 8,000 of the skeletal samples produced STR results (65%). The percentage of successful results was low in relation to previous mass fatality incidents involving airline disasters. However, when this same process was applied to the analysis of skeletal remains from the American Airlines Flight 587 disaster that occurred on November 12, 2001, the success rate was in line with expected results (ie, greater than 92% of the skeletal remains produced results). This illustrated the quality aspects of the procedure and the degree of degradation that had occurred for the remains of the WTC victims. For future mass fatality incidents, the quality, high throughput procedures developed by Bode will allow for more rapid DNA analysis of victim remains, more rapid identification of victims, and thus more rapid return of remains to family members.
Energy Dissipation in Carbon Nanotube Forests through the Control of Morphology and Layered Forests with Intercalated Metal Films (2018)

The high mechanical strength and low density of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them ideal candidates to be incorporated into composites to increase their mechanical strength. This work investigated the effect of process parameters on the energy dissipation and other mechanical properties of forests of carbon nanotubes grown on various substrates by synthesizing vertically aligned CNT forests under the same conditions using three different carbon sources: m-xylene, toluene, and benzene. Results indicate that substituents on the benzene ring increase entanglement in the CNT forests. When compressed to a strain of 0.67, the toluene CNTs absorbed more energy than the m-xylene CNTs. Vertically aligned forests of CNTs were also synthesized to study their quasi-static mechanical properties in a layered configuration with metallization. The top and bottom surfaces of CNT forests were metalized with Ag, Fe, and In using paste, sputtering, and thermal evaporation, respectively. Stacks of one, two, and three layers of these forests were assembled and compressed to measure their mechanical properties. Successive stacking of CNT forests was found to reduce global buckling events, which is enhanced with a thick Ag deposition on the CNT forest surface. Young's modulus increased as the number of layers was increased.
Space-time equalization techniques for new gnss signals (2011)

GNSS signal processing involving BOC modulations requires tracking techniques able to provide unambiguous code tracking with reduced losses in the signal quality. Space-time processing techniques have the potential of combining the advantages of temporal equalization, for unambiguous tracking, and spatial processing for improved signal quality. In this paper, the use of space-time processing for the tracking of new GNSS signals is considered. A new tracking technique is developed including temporal equalizers at each antenna output and a spatial filter combining the different correlator branches. The temporal equalizers are designed based on the minimum mean square error criterion whereas the spatial filter is characterized by a minimum variance distortionless response. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated using simulated and live GPS data obtained from antenna arrays with different structures and antenna spacing.
Herpes Simplex Virus Products in Productive and Abortive Infection I. Stabilization with Formaldehyde and Preliminary Analyses by Isopycnic Centrifugation in CsCl (1967)

Lysates of HEp-2 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus yielded two bands on isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl gradients, ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm(3). One band, designated alpha, had a mean buoyant density of 1.27 g/cm(3) and contained herpes virions. Band beta had a mean density of 1.305 g/cm(3) and contained primarily complement-fixing viral antigens and little or no viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The products banding in the alpha and beta bands were unstable; fivefold or higher amounts were recovered by treating the cell extract with formaldehyde prior to centrifugation. Formaldehyde treatment increased the buoyant density of viral products in both the alpha and beta bands by about 0.015 g/cm(3). In addition, it stabilized hitherto inapparent products, forming a broad band gamma with a density range of 1.37 to 1.45 g/cm(3). The material in the gamma band was heterogeneous; it contained viral DNA, cellular DNA, and viral antigen. Formalinized lysates of DK cells abortively infected with herpes simplex virus yielded a beta band undifferentiated from that formed by extracts of productively infected cells. The gamma band was less dense and narrower. The alpha band was entirely missing.
Low threshold current operation of membrane DR laser on Si with buried-ridge waveguide and ACPM grating for On-chip Optical Interconnection (2022)

To reduce energy consumption of GaInAsP membrane laser on Si, we introduced BRW (buried-ridge-waveguide) structure and ACPM (Asymmetric Corrugation Pitch Modulation) grating to enhance the optical confinement to active region. Low threshold current of 0.16 mA and SMSR of 45dB were obtained by fabricating membrane DR laser with these structures.
Inhibition of Angiogenic Factor Productions by Quercetin In Vitro and In Vivo (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Angiogenesis is well known to be an important event in the tissue remodeling observed in allergic diseases. Although there is much evidence that quercetin, one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, exerts anti-allergic effects in both human and experimental animal models of allergic diseases, the action of quercetin on angiogenesis has not been defined. Therefore, in this study, we first examined the action of quercetin on the secretion of angiogenic factors from murine mast cells in vitro. We also examined the action of quercetin on angiogenic factor secretion in the murine allergic rhinitis model in vivo. <b>Methods:</b> Mast cells (1 × 105 cells/mL) sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific murine IgE were stimulated with 10.0 ng/mL OVA in the presence or the absence of quercetin for 24 h. The concentrations of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatants were examined by ELISA. BALB/c male mice immunized with OVA were challenged intranasally with OVA every other day, starting seven days after the final immunization. These mice were then orally administered quercetin once a day for five days, starting seven days after the final immunization. Clinical symptoms were assessed by counting the number of sneezes and nasal rubbing behaviors during the 10 min period just after OVA nasal provocation. The angiogenic factor concentrations in the nasal lavage fluids obtained 6 h after nasal antigenic provocation were examined by ELISA. <b>Results:</b> Quercetin significantly inhibited the production of angiogenetic factors induced by IgE-dependent mechanisms at 5.0 µM or more. Oral administration of 25.0 mg/kg quercetin into the mice also suppressed the appearance of angiogenetic factors in nasal lavage fluids, along with the attenuation of nasal symptoms. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results strongly suggest that the inhibitory action of quercetin on angiogenic factor secretion may be implicated in the therapeutic action of quercetin on allergic diseases, especially allergic rhinitis.
Urologic laser types and instrumentation (2008)

Though the primary role of lasers in urology has always been in the treatment of urolithiasis, there are several other indications for their use. There are many different types of lasers currently available, each with unique properties conducive to treating certain disorders. As such, it is critical that today's urologist understands each laser's characteristics in order to optimize patient selection and treatment. The lasers which are primarily used in urologic applications include the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser; the Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG); the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) laser and the Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser. This review focuses on the unique characteristics of each of these lasers as well as the instrumentation needed utilize and deploy these tools in the urinary tract.
Structure of proteins: packing of alpha-helices and pleated sheets. (1977)

Simple models are presented that describe the rules for almost all the packing that occurs between and among alpha-helices and pleated sheets. These packing rules, together with the primary and secondary structures, are the major determinants of the three-dimensional structure of proteins.
Smoking and Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Mediating Roles of Viral Load and Alanine Aminotransferase (2018)

Smoking interacts with hepatitis B virus (HBV) to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which might be explained by its role in antiviral immunity. We evaluated the potential mediating role of viral load and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the relation of smoking with HBV-associated HCC risk. Using multiple mediation analyses to analyze data from 209 HCC cases and 1,256 controls nested within a cohort of 4,841 male HBV carriers, we found that the effect of smoking on the risk of subsequent HCC was substantially mediated through viral load (percent mediated, 31.7%; P = 0.0054), and a significant mediation effect by both viral load and ALT was also evidenced. Among the 1,143 subjects with repeated measures of viral load and ALT over periods of up to 16 years, we further observed that a higher number of pack-years of smoking was associated with higher viral load, maintenance of a high viral load (>4.39 log copies/mL), more severe hepatotoxicity grade, and increased likelihood of ALT ≥80 U/L (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-9.64; odds ratio, 6.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-33.25, respectively, for 10-19 and ≥20 pack-years versus nonsmokers) during follow-up. Furthermore, plasma interferon-γ levels were reduced in smokers compared with nonsmokers (interferon-γ-positive rate, 14.9% versus 28.7%; P < 0.0001) at baseline. Smoking was also associated with a reduced natural killer (NK) cell frequency in peripheral blood, characterized by reduced NK function through a systems immunology approach, after long-term follow-up in a subsample (n = 171). The combination of smoking and reduced NK cell frequency further increased viral load and the likelihood of ALT ≥80 U/L. Conclusion: The data highlight a role of smoking in HBV viral load, underlining the importance of smoking prevention and cessation in hepatitis B management.
Supplementary Table 6 from Whole-Exome Sequencing of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Identifies Recurrent Mutations of <i>UNC5C</i> and Prognostic Importance of DNA Repair Gene Mutations on Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Frequencies of mutations in genes previously reported6-8,10 as observed in our panel of bladder carcinoma patients.&lt;/p&gt;
The Use of Structure Analysis Methods in Combination with Semi-empirical Quantum-Chemical Calculations for the Estimation of Quadratic Nonlinear Optical Coefficients of Organic Crystals (1997)

An effective search for new organic crystals for prospective use in nonlinear optical (NLO) applications requires quantitative and fast experimental determination of their NLO properties at a molecular level. However, the growth of sufficiently large single crystals, which are needed for structural analysis and refinement by X-ray methods, is a time-consuming and sometimes impossible task. Single crystals of a considerably smaller size may be effectively used for complete structural analysis by electron diffraction combined with simulation methods. When the crystal structure of a given compound is known, its NLO properties may be estimated using quantum-chemical methods for calculation of the molecular nonlinearity tensor and the relationships between its components and the macroscopic coefficients of the crystalline nonlinearity tensor. In the present work, the semiempirical PM-3 method was employed for this aim.
Two new Madhuca species (Sapotaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia (2016)

Two new species Madhuca whitmorei Chantaranothai, Latiff et N. Omar and Madhuca malaysiana Chantaranothai, Latiff et N. Omar from Peninsular Malaysia are described and illustrated.
The Effect of Video Caching on Network Resource Planning - A Real-Case Study (2016)

Traffic Engineering is one of the building blocks for a correct network planning. Internet Service Providers are always trying to fulfill the user Quality of Experience (QoE). However, each technological advance brings new services to the user, with new challenges to be solved to maintain the QoE. An example of this feedback system is the increased access speed in the user’s premises. The increased bandwidth allows the Internet-based video services, but the increased load also requires new techniques to prevent congestion in the core network. A quite common system to lower the network load and increase the system availability is is represented by Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). However, the optimization of the CDN servers optimization is still an open problem. In this paper we will analyze the performance of a deployed Content Delivery Network caching system. We will derive its performance metrics and we will show how a properly chosen metric can indicate if the cache is underutilized. We will also demonstrate that some ‘logical’ assumptions are not true in the vast majority of cases, and that moving the cache close to the users is negatively impacting the network performances in most cases.