gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancements in web accessibility evaluation methods (2015)

Achieving web accessibility has become a global aim nowadays, especially with the significant inclusion of the Internet in our daily lives. There exist different accessibility evaluation methods that support web developers and designers during websites' development life cycle, and each has different benefits and drawbacks. However, many studies show that there is a continued lack of equality between disabled and non-disabled people in benefitting from the web, especially with the prolonged growth of web development standards and techniques, which raises a demand for continuous improvement in web accessibility evaluation methods in order to gain reliable results. Given this demand, our paper investigates the advancements in web accessibility evaluation methods for the past five years (2011-2015). The results reveal a lack of significant evolution of these evaluation methods. Based on our findings, more efforts are required for enhancing accessibility evaluation techniques in order to achieve better web accessibility.
Time evolution of acoustic streaming from a planar ultrasound source (1996)

Eckart-type acoustic streaming induced in confined sound beams from a piston source is examined in water theoretically and experimentally. Axisymmetric flow equations with a spatially distributed driving force in the beams are based on the continuity equation and the Navier–Stokes equation in a viscous, incompressible fluid. They are solved numerically by the stream-function vorticity method [T. Kamakura et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2740–2746 (1995)]. Experiments are conducted using a 5-MHz planar transducer with a 9.5-mm radius aperture. All measurements of the streaming velocities are carried out by a laser Doppler velocimeter and are compared with the numerical computations including the enhancement of the force due to finite-amplitude sound distortion. These measurements agree well with the theoretical prediction. It is noted that diffraction of sound beams plays an important role in the generation of streaming, particularly in the early stage. Consistency between experiments and computations suggests that both acoustic and hydrodynamic nonlinearities should be taken into account in the present observation system.
Assessment of the physical dependence potential of difelikefalin: Randomized placebo‐controlled study in patients receiving hemodialysis (2023)

Difelikefalin is a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist approved for treating moderate-to-severe pruritus in adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Difelikefalin is not a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. This study assessed the potential for developing physical dependence on difelikefalin in patients undergoing HD. Eligible patients received open-label difelikefalin after each dialysis session for 3 weeks before entering a 2-week double-blind phase, when they were randomized to either continue difelikefalin or to switch to receiving placebo. Signs of physical withdrawal were assessed using the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), several patient-reported scales, and physiological measures. The primary end point was the between-group difference in mean maximum COWS total scores during the double-blind phase; the mean difference (placebo - difelikefalin) was compared against a predefined noninferiority limit (+4). Thirty-five patients (57.1% male; 91.4% Black or African American; median [range] age 58 [28-77] years) were included, of which 30 were randomized (placebo, n = 14; difelikefalin, n = 16). The least squares mean difference in maximum COWS total scores was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.56, 1.59). The upper CI limit (1.59) was below +4, indicating that patients who discontinued difelikefalin (placebo group) had similar withdrawal scores to patients who continued difelikefalin. Additional assessments supported the COWS results, showing no meaningful differences between groups in physiological measures or in patient-reported measures of sleep or physical withdrawal. These results demonstrate that abruptly discontinuing chronic difelikefalin treatment in patients undergoing HD does not produce signs or symptoms of physical withdrawal.
Streptococcus gordonii utilizes several distinct gene functions to recruit Porphyromonas gingivalis into a mixed community (2006)

Dental plaque biofilm formation proceeds through a developmental pathway initiated by the attachment of pioneer organisms, such as Streptococcus gordonii, to tooth surfaces. Through a variety of synergistic interactions, pioneer organisms facilitate the colonization of later arrivals including Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potential periodontal pathogen. We have investigated genes of S. gordonii required to support a heterotypic biofilm community with P. gingivalis. By screening a plasmid integration library of S. gordonii, genes were identified that are crucial for the accumulation of planktonic P. gingivalis cells into a multispecies biofilm. These genes were further investigated by specific mutation and complementation analyses. The biofilm-associated genes can be grouped into broad categories based on putative function as follows: (i) intercellular or intracellular signalling (cbe and spxB), (ii) cell wall integrity and maintenance of adhesive proteins (murE, msrA and atf), (iii) extracellular capsule biosynthesis (pgsA and atf), and (iv) physiology (gdhA, ccmA and ntpB). In addition, a gene for a hypothetical protein was identified. Biofilm visualization and quantification by confocal microscopy confirmed the role of these genes in the maturation of the multispecies community, including biofilm architectural development. The results suggest that S. gordonii governs the development of heterotypic oral biofilms through multiple genetic pathways.
Elucidation of the Structure of Pseudorubriflordilactone B by Chemical Synthesis (2019)

Rubriflordilactone B (<b>1</b>) is a schinortriterpenoid isolated by Sun and colleagues, which possesses a tetrasubstituted benzene moiety and eight stereocenters. The previous synthesis of <b>1</b> by Li and co-workers uncovered the existence of its naturally occurring stereoisomer "pseudorubriflordilactone B". Here we report a collaborative study by the two groups that elucidates the structure of pseudorubriflordilactone B to be 16,17-bis-<i>epi</i>-rubriflordilactone B (<b>26</b>). Chemical synthesis served as an important tool in the structure determination. Taking advantage of a modular synthetic route, we systematically "mutated" the configurations of C-23, C-22, C-20, and C-16/C-17 located at the right-hand domain of <b>1</b>, and thus prepared its 15 stereoisomers for spectrum comparison. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of synthetic <b>26</b> in deuterated chloroform and pyridine were identical to those of authentic pseudorubriflordilactone B, respectively. This synthetic sample displayed anti-HIV activity (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.288 μM) in vitro.
Scalable Synthesis of a Prostaglandin EP4 Receptor Antagonist (2010)

The evolution of scalable, economically viable synthetic approaches to the potent and selective prostaglandin EP4 antagonist 1 is presented. The chromatography-free synthesis of multikilogram quantities of 1 using a seven-step sequence (six in the longest linear sequence) is described. This approach has been further modified in an effort to identify a long-term manufacturing route. Our final synthesis involves no step requiring cryogenic (< -25 degrees C) conditions; comprises a total of four steps, only three of which are in the longest linear synthesis; and features the use of two consecutive iron-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts substitutions.
Decoupling capacitor effects on switching noise (1993)

The experimental procedures and test vehicles used for the characterization of the decoupling capacitor efficiency in reducing the power supply differential switching noise of the multichip-module (MCM) package structure employed in the IBM ES/9000 system are described. The experimental results are summarized for various switching elements. It is demonstrated that careful design of the test vehicles, tester systems, and probes makes the accurate measurement of Delta-1 noise feasible. Experimental results on the BOBCAT tester show that the decoupling capacitor efficiency in reducing the peak of the differential Delta-1 noise is 50-67%. This efficiency can be increased by reducing the effective inductance in the decoupling capacitor current return path.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preventing the release of copper chlorophyllin from crop spray deposits on hydrophobic surfaces (2020)

Copper chlorophyllin showed some immediate (burst) release upon exposure to buffer whereas the remainder was immobilized on the parafilm. By contrast, Brilliant Sulfaflavine displayed rapid release following square root time dependence, typical of a diffusion-controlled process. The unusual behavior of copper chlorophyllin is attributed to the presence of CuChl nanoparticles when dispersed in water. The nanoparticles are encased in the polyelectrolyte complex that adheres to parafilm. The fraction of the added copper chlorophyllin lost in the burst release can be controlled by varying the polyelectrolyte complex composition and concentration.
Defects in virgin andN+-implanted ZnO single crystals studied by positron annihilation, Hall effect, and deep-level transient spectroscopy (2006)

High-quality single crystals of ZnO in the as-grown and ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ ion-implanted states have been investigated using a combination of three experimental techniques---namely, positron lifetime/slow positron implantation spectroscopy accompanied by theoretical calculations of the positron lifetime for selected defects, temperature-dependent Hall (TDH) measurements, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The positron lifetime in bulk ZnO is measured to be $(151\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ and that for positrons trapped in defects $(257\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$. On the basis of theoretical calculations the latter is attributed to $\mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{O}$ divacancies, existing in the sample in neutral charge state, and not to the Zn vacancy proposed in previous experimental work. Their concentration is estimated to be $3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. From TDH measurements the existence of negatively charged intrinsic defects acting as compensating acceptors is concluded which are invisible to positrons---maybe interstitial oxygen. This view is supported from TDH results in combination with DLTS which revealed the creation of the defect $E1$, and an increase in concentration of the defect $E3$ after ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ ion implantation, and peculiarities in the observation of the defect $E4$.
Supplemental Figure Legend from Immunomodulation by Entinostat in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving High-Dose Interleukin 2: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase I/II Trial (NCI-CTEP#7870) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Detection Of Magneto-Optic Signals Using An External Cavity Laser Diode (1989)

We propose the detection of magneto-optic signals using an external cavity laser diode suitable for constructing a small optical head. A magneto-optic medium is used as one of the cavity mirrors. This method is based on detecting the frequency-shift signal, instead of the conventional amplitude-modulated signal, and is expected to raise the signal-to-noise-ratio.
A Hydrogel Based 3D Culture System for Hematopoietic Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

The generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) holds a great potential in development of cell therapies, modeling hematological malignancies, and testing new drugs. Hematopoiesis is regulated by bone marrow (BM) microenvironmental factors such as BM architecture, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The current methods for iPSC differentiation into HSPCs rely on cell-cell interaction (embryoid body formation and feeder cell co-cultures) or cell-matrix interaction (ECM coated dishes). Generation of a 3-dimensional (3D) culture environment attempts to capture both cell-cell and cell matrix interactions in studying the differentiation of the iPSCs. This study reports development of a 3D culture system for hematopoietic differentiation of iPSCs. iPSC colonies were encapsulated in 3D Matrigel or polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels containing synthetic integrin binding peptide (GRGDSPC) and enzymatically degradable peptide (GGPQGIWGQGKG) and cultured in feeder-free cell culture and maintenance medium (mTeSR1™, Stem Cell Technology). There were notable morphological differences between the 3D encapsulated and 2D cultured iPSC colonies (Fig 1A). The 3D encapsulated colonies were more compact with a spheroid morphology in PEG compared to Matrigel, whereas colonies in 2D were more diffused. Viability of the encapsulated colonies was evaluated in situ using cytotoxicity kit. The 3D encapsulation did not have an adverse effect on the viability and growth of iPSCs (Fig 1B). The encapsulated iPSCs maintained the pluripotent phenotype in 3D as assessed by TRA-1-60 staining (Fig 1C). To test the efficiency of these 3D model systems to generate HSPCs, the encapsulated iPSCs were subjected to hematopoietic differentiation using STEMdiff™ Hematopoietic Kit (Fig 1D). Following differentiation, the single cells were collected and immunophenotype analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Above 50% population stained positive for HSPC surface marker CD34 both in PEG hydrogel and Matrigel (Fig 1E). To test the robustness of the 3D system in inducing hematopoietic differentiation, we encapsulated the isogenic trisomic 21 (Tri21) iPSCs and subjected to hematopoietic differentiation and flow cytometry analysis as described above. As reported previously in 2D system (Banno et al., 2016, Cell Reports), Tri21 iPSCs showed higher percentage of hematopoietic commitment into erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages compared to disomic 21 (Di21), as characterized by the presence of respective surface markers (Fig 1F). In conclusion, 3D culture system was suitable for inducing hematopoietic differentiation of iPSCs in isogenic disomic and trisomic lines. The 3D model can be used to generate patient-specific HSPCs. Figure 1 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Insider response to credit watch placements (2000)

An examination of insider trading before and after the announcement of Credit Watch placements sheds new light on the study of both bond rating changes and insider trading. This paper utilizes Credit Watch placements classified by 11 indentifiable trigger events for the years 1981‐1990. We find significant insider purchases before positive implication placements, but no sales before negative implication placements. Among individual trigger events, we observe significant insider purchases before and after placements due to improved operating performance, bidding on a firm with a higher debt rating and firms increasing their debt‐to‐equity ratios. Significant insider purchases are found before placements due to purchasing assets. Significant insider sales are found before and after placements due to poor operating performance.
Regulation of β-Amyloid Secretion by FE65, an Amyloid Protein Precursor-binding Protein (1999)

The principal component of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques, Abeta, derives from proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's amyloid protein precursor (APP). FE65 is a brain-enriched protein that binds to APP. Although several laboratories have characterized the APP-FE65 interaction in vitro, the possible relevance of this interaction to Alzheimer's disease has remained unclear. We demonstrate here that APP and FE65 co-localize in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and possibly in endosomes. Moreover, FE65 increases translocation of APP to the cell surface, as well as both alphaAPPs and Abeta secretion. The dramatic (4-fold) FE65-dependent increase in Abeta secretion suggests that agents which inhibit the interaction of FE65 with APP might reduce Abeta secretion in the brain and therefore be useful for preventing or slowing amyloid plaque formation.
Aquagenic Urticaria: A Report of Two Cases (2011)

Aquagenic urticaria is a rare form of physical urticaria, in which contact with water evokes wheals. A 19-year-old man and a 4-year-old boy complained of recurrent episodes of urticaria. Urticaria appeared while taking a bath or a shower, in the rain, or in a swimming pool. Well-defined pin head to small pea-sized wheals surrounded by variable sized erythema were provoked by contact with water on the face, neck, and trunk, regardless of its temperature or source. Results from a physical examination and a baseline laboratory evaluation were within normal limits. Treatment of the 19-year-old man with 180 mg fexofenadine daily was successful to prevent the wheals and erythema. Treatment with 5 ml ketotifen syrup bid per day resulted in improvement of symptoms in the 4-year-old boy. (Ann Dermatol 23(S3) S371 S374, 2011)
Rock physics in seismic monitoring (1997)

Primary goals of seismic investigations are typically direct hydrocarbon detection, characterization of reservoirs, and monitoring of recovery processes. Understanding the behavior of rocks with varying pore fluids and under changing stress conditions is a fundamental step in performing a valid interpretation. Basic petrophysical calibration is crucial, particularly in seismic monitoring (also known as time-lapse or 4-D), otherwise colorful images remain unconnected to their true engineering significance.
Neural Regulation of Breast Cancer Metastasis (2009)

Abstract : Metastasis to distant organs is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Recent research has focused on the host microenvironment as a target for new anti-cancer therapies [1, 2]. This research has shown that mUltiple host cell types contribute to tumor metastasis. However, little attention has focused on the neural component of the tumor microenvironment. Nerve fibers from the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system innervate organs that are preferentially targeted by breast cancer metastasis, including lymph nodes, lungs, and bone [3-5]. By modulating the microenvironment targeted by metastasis, it is possible that the host sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may contribute to breast cancer metastasis in the presence of chronic stress. Chronic stress can increase the density of SNS nerve fibers in lymph nodes by through the neurotrophic actions of Nerve Growth Factor [6]. This provides an anatomical basis for increased SNS signaling in this metastatic target tissue during periods of chronic stress. Furthermore, ~-adrenergic receptors have been documented in multiple tumor types, including breast cancer [7-9]. In vitro studies have shown that SNS signaling regulates multiple pathways that converge on the metastatic phenotype, inclUding tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, matrix metalloprotease activation, src oncogene signaling, and expression of interleukins-6 and -8 [10-12].
The Similarity of FSH‐Releasing Factor to Lamprey Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone III (l‐GnRH‐III) (2000)

To validate further the existence of a specific hypothalamic follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor (FSHRF), stalk-median eminence (SME) fragments from sheep and whole hypothalami from male rats were purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and the gonadotropin-releasing activity on hemipituitaries of rats incubated in vitro was determined by bioassay and compared with the radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormone (l-GnRH) activities in the fractions. The FSH-releasing fractions eluted in the same sequence of tubes from the Sephadex column found earlier by in vivo bioassay and were clearly separated from the immunoassayable and bioassayable LHRH. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) for l-GnRH recognized equally l-GnRH-I and -III but had negligible cross-reactivity with LHRH. Fractionation of rat hypothalamic extract by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 revealed three peaks of l-GnRH determined by RIA, all of which eluted prior to the peak of LHRH. Only the second peak had FSH-releasing but not LH-releasing activity. To determine if this FSH-releasing activity was caused by the presence of l-GnRH in the fraction, the pituitaries were incubated with normal rabbit serum or the l-GnRH antiserum (1:1000), and the effect on the FSH- and LH-releasing activity of the FSH-releasing fraction and the LH-releasing activity of LHRH was determined. The antiserum had no effect on basal release of either FSH or LH but eliminated the FSH-releasing activity of the active fraction without altering the LH-releasing activity of LHRH. Since l-GnRH-I has little activity to release FSH or LH, and its activity is nonselective, whereas previous experiments have shown that l-GnRH-III highly selectively releases FSH with a potency equal to that of LHRH to release LH, the results support the hypothesis that the FSH-releasing activity observed in these experiments was caused by l-GnRH-III or a closely related peptide.
A lung targeted miR-29 mimic as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis (2022)

This work was supported by NIH NHLBI grants UH3HL123886, R01HL127349, R01HL141852, U01HL145567.
The Fluxless Brazing of Aluminum Radiators (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Material, processing, and development experience with vacuum brazing of aluminum radiators is reviewed. The welded, clad tube and bare fin concept is shown to be economically and technically superior to other designs. The mechanisms of vacuum brazing and process requirements are reviewed as they apply to radiators. Individual components and joint areas are examined to illustrate solutions to specific problems.&lt;/div&gt;
The irregular xylem3 Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis (1999)

Neil G. Taylor, , Sean Cutler, Chris R. Somerville, Simon R. Turner, The irregular xylem3 Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 5 (May, 1999), pp. 769-779
Type VI Collagen Anchors Endothelial Basement Membranes by Interacting with Type IV Collagen (1997)

Type VI collagen filaments are found associated with interstitial collagen fibers, around cells, and in contact with endothelial basement membranes. To identify type VI collagen binding proteins, the amino-terminal domains of the alpha1(VI) and alpha2(VI) chains and a part of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the alpha3(VI) chain were used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a human placenta library. Eight persistently positive clones were identified, two coding the known matrix proteins fibronectin and basement membrane type IV collagen and the rest coding new proteins. The amino-terminal domain of alpha1(VI) was shown to interact with the carboxyl-terminal globular domain of type IV collagen. The specificity of this interaction was further studied using the yeast two-hybrid system in a one-on-one format and confirmed by using isolated protein domains in immunoprecipitation, affinity blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding studies. Co-distribution of type VI and type IV collagens in human muscle was demonstrated using double labeling immunofluorescent microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. The strong interaction of type VI collagen filaments with basement membrane collagen provided a possible molecular pathogenesis for the heritable disorder Bethlem myopathy.