gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor signaling and mutations in prostate cancer (2010)

Normal and neoplastic growth of the prostate gland are dependent on androgen receptor (AR) expression and function. Androgenic activation of the AR, in association with its coregulatory factors, is the classical pathway that leads to transcriptional activity of AR target genes. Alternatively, cytoplasmic signaling crosstalk of AR by growth factors, neurotrophic peptides, cytokines or nonandrogenic hormones may have important roles in prostate carcinogenesis and in metastatic or androgen-independent (AI) progression of the disease. In addition, cross-modulation by various nuclear transcription factors acting through basal transcriptional machinery could positively or negatively affect the AR or AR target genes expression and activity. Androgen ablation leads to an initial favorable response in a significant number of patients; however, almost invariably patients relapse with an aggressive form of the disease known as castration-resistant or hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding critical molecular events that lead PCa cells to resist androgen-deprivation therapy is essential in developing successful treatments for hormone-refractory disease. In a significant number of hormone-refractory patients, the AR is overexpressed, mutated or genomically amplified. These genetic alterations maintain an active presence for a highly sensitive AR, which is responsive to androgens, antiandrogens or nonandrogenic hormones and collectively confer a selective growth advantage to PCa cells. This review provides a brief synopsis of the AR structure, AR coregulators, posttranslational modifications of AR, duality of AR function in prostate epithelial and stromal cells, AR-dependent signaling, genetic changes in the form of somatic and germline mutations and their known functional significance in PCa cells and tissues.
COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a devastating effect on the health and well-being of the global population. A critical step in the fight against COVID-19 is effective screening of infected patients, with one of the key screening approaches being radiology examination using chest radiography. Motivated by this and inspired by the open source efforts of the research community, in this study we introduce COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray (CXR) images that is open source and available to the general public. To the best of the authors' knowledge, COVID-Net is one of the first open source network designs for COVID-19 detection from CXR images at the time of initial release. We also introduce COVIDx, an open access benchmark dataset that we generated comprising of 13,975 CXR images across 13,870 patient patient cases, with the largest number of publicly available COVID-19 positive cases to the best of the authors' knowledge. Furthermore, we investigate how COVID-Net makes predictions using an explainability method in an attempt to not only gain deeper insights into critical factors associated with COVID cases, which can aid clinicians in improved screening, but also audit COVID-Net in a responsible and transparent manner to validate that it is making decisions based on relevant information from the CXR images. By no means a production-ready solution, the hope is that the open access COVID-Net, along with the description on constructing the open source COVIDx dataset, will be leveraged and build upon by both researchers and citizen data scientists alike to accelerate the development of highly accurate yet practical deep learning solutions for detecting COVID-19 cases and accelerate treatment of those who need it the most.
A Facile Route to Carbonylhalogenometal Complexes (M = Rh, Ir, Ru, Pt) by Dimethylformamide Decarbonylation (2001)

Dimethyl formamide (DMF) can be a convenient source of the carbonyl ligand in the coordination chemistry of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and platinum. We have undertaken a thorough study concerning the course of this reaction. In a first step, DMF-containing complexes are produced, which is usually accompanied by chloride redistribution. Then, upon refluxing, carbonyl species in the same oxidation state are obtained, presumably as a result of HCl-mediated DMF decomposition. Provided that water levels are kept low, reduction can occur to provide the complexes [NH2(CH3)2][RhCl2(CO)2], [NH2(CH3)2][RuCl3(CO)2(DMF)], [RuCl2(CO)2(DMF)2], and [NH2(CH3)2][IrCl2(CO)2]. In the case of platinum, reduction is not effective and [NH2(CH3)2][PtCl3(CO)] is obtained. No carbonylpalladium species can be synthesized in this way, the reaction producing copious amounts of colloidal metal. Adding phosphanes to these chlorocarbonyl-containing solutions allows easy, one-step syntheses of a variety of complexes.
Flexible microdischarge arrays: Metal/polymer devices (2000)

Flexible microdischarge arrays have been fabricated in metal–polymer–metal structures having a total thickness of ∼30 μm (∼1.2 mils). Composed of individual cylindrical devices having a diameter of 150 μm, positive differential resistance (30–120 kΩ), and operating voltages as low as 114 V for a 5 μm thick dielectric layer, the arrays operate at pressures beyond 700 Torr of Ne and in 1 atm of air. For Ne pressures ⩽ 200 Torr, emission is produced from Ne ion excited states lying more than 55 eV above the neutral ground state (2p6). The structures reported here are inexpensive to fabricate and have lifetimes beyond 50 h. Arrays that have been sealed by conventional lamination have also been operated successfully.
An Adaptive P300-Based Online Brain–Computer Interface (2008)

The P300 component of an event related potential is widely used in conjunction with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to translate the subjects intent by mere thoughts into commands to control artificial devices. A well known application is the spelling of words while selection of the letters is carried out by focusing attention to the target letter. In this paper, we present a P300-based online BCI which reaches very competitive performance in terms of information transfer rates. In addition, we propose an online method that optimizes information transfer rates and/or accuracies. This is achieved by an algorithm which dynamically limits the number of subtrial presentations, according to the subject's current online performance in real-time. We present results of two studies based on 19 different healthy subjects in total who participated in our experiments (seven subjects in the first and 12 subjects in the second one). In the first, study peak information transfer rates up to 92 bits/min with an accuracy of 100% were achieved by one subject with a mean of 32 bits/min at about 80% accuracy. The second experiment employed a dynamic classifier which enables the user to optimize bitrates and/or accuracies by limiting the number of subtrial presentations according to the current online performance of the subject. At the fastest setting, mean information transfer rates could be improved to 50.61 bits/min (i.e., 13.13 symbols/min). The most accurate results with 87.5% accuracy showed a transfer rate of 29.35 bits/min.
Rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (1995)

Rheumatic fever is a catastrophic illness in many parts of the world, particularly in developing nations, where the incidence has been estimated to be between 10 and 15 million new cases each year. In the United States, rheumatic fever had become a rarity, having virtually disappeared by the mid 1960s. Of increasing concern, however, was the abrupt rise in the incidence of rheumatic fever in the United States in the mid 1980s, with reported "outbreaks" in middle-class communities in five cities and two military camps. Recently, a number of cases of poststreptococcal reactive arthritis have been reported. On close examination, however, these are most likely alternate clinical presentations of rheumatic fever. It is widely accepted that rheumatic fever occurs following an overactive immune response by a genetically susceptible host to oropharyngeal infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Nevertheless, details of pathogenesis at a level allowing more effective intervention remain obscure. The question of pathogenesis holds a deep interest, because rheumatic fever is one of the few autoimmune diseases with a known infectious etiology.
Elastic cooperative caching (2010)

Next generation tiled microarchitectures are going to be limited by off-chip misses and by on-chip network usage. Furthermore, these platforms will run an heterogeneous mix of applications with very different memory needs, leading to significant optimization opportunities. Existing adaptive memory hierarchies use either centralized structures that limit the scalability or software based resource allocation that increases programming complexity.
Insulin induction instigates cell proliferation and metastasis in human colorectal cancer cells (2017)

The progression of colorectal cancer has been reported to have a positive correlation with the combination of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic patients, leading to a lower survival rate. However, how insulin acts on colorectal cancer remains not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of insulin on colon cancer cell proliferation and its underlying molecular signaling as well as the impact of insulin-induced in vitro metastasis. Our results showed that insulin markedly promoted cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Insulin‑regulated insulin receptors (IRs) stimulate insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and interact with the downstream signals, causing a rise in HCT-116 cell proliferation. Moreover, insulin significantly induced the migration ability of HCT-116 cells. The metastatic ability of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA and activity was activated by insulin. Overall, insulin-triggered cell proliferation and metastatic effects on colorectal cancer cells are mediated by IRS-1 and downstream molecules and by increasing phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Therefore, insulin induction might have the potential to induce colorectal cancer progression in diabetes patients.
QUENCHING PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH A WATER WALL JET: I. TRANSIENT HYDRODYNAMIC AND THERMAL CONDITIONS (1995)

Transient boiling experiments have been performed using a large, preheated test specimen exposed to a water wall jet on its top surface. Temperatures measured at discrete locations on the surface have been used with a solution of the transient heat conduction equation to obtain the temperature field throughout the specimen, as well as the heat flux distribution at the surface. Together with visualization of related two-phase flow conditions, the results yield new insights concerning coexistence of nucleate, transition, and film boiling, as well as single-phase convection, on a surface. Results are presented for jet velocities and subcootings representative of conditions in high-temperature materials processing.
Eight South Africans attended a postgraduate course in the Netherlands in 2004 (2005)

Extracted from text ... Dion Levin 
Groote Schuur Hospital 
On 27 October a group of 35 doctors arrived in Amsterdam 
for the advanced postgraduate course in gastroenterology. 
The two-week course, sponsored by the Holland digestive 
week, had participants from Bulgaria, Czech republic, Romania 
and South Africa. 
The South African contingent comprised three physicians 
and five surgeons from Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria. 
The first port of call upon arrival at the Amsterdam Central 
station was the Hotel San Luchesio, located in an upmarket 
part of Amsterdam on the border of Vondel Park. 
Before it was converted into a hotel, the building served as ..
Dynamic User Role Assignment in Remote Access Control (2009)

Abstract. The Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model has been widely applied to a single domain in which users are known to the ad-ministrative unit of that domain, beforehand. However, the application of the conventional RBAC model for remote access control scenarios is not straightforward. In such scenarios, the access requestor is outside of the provider domain and thus, the user population is heterogeneous and dynamic. Here, the main challenge is to automatically assign users to appropriate roles of the provider domain. Trust management has been proposed as a supporting technique to solve the problem of remote access control. The key idea is to establish a mutual trust between the requestor and provider based on credentials they exchange. However, a credential doesn’t convey any information about the behavior of its holder during the time it is being used. Furthermore, in terms of privileges granted to the requestor, existing trust management systems are either too restric-tive or not restrictive enough. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic user-role assignment approach for remote access control, where a stranger requests for access from a provider domain. Our approach has two advan-tages compared to the existing dynamic user-role assignment techniques. Firstly, it addresses the principle of least privilege without degrading the efficiency of the access control system. Secondly, it takes into account both credentials and the past behavior of the requestor in such a way that he cannot compensate for the lack of necessary credentials by having a good past behavior. 1
Preliminary Results of Voloxidation Processing of Kilogram Quantities of Used Nuclear Fuel (2009)

Advanced nuclear fuel processing methodologies are being studied as part of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program at ORNL. To support this initiative, processes and equipment were deployed at ORNL to perform all steps in the recycle process on actual used nuclear fuels, ranging from used fuel receipt to production of products and waste forms at the kilogram-scale (with capacity to process 20 kg of used fuel per year in up to four campaigns). In the first campaign, approximately 4 kg of used fuel was processed. As previously reported, the head-end processing was completed using saw-segmented Dresden fuel in lab-scale equipment in multiple batches. The second processing campaign used a new single pin shear and a new bench-scale voloxidizer to perform the dry head-end treatment prior to fuel dissolution. Approximately ~5 kg of used fuel (heavy metal basis) was processed in the second campaign. Two different fuels were oxidized in three separate batches to provide a range of processing conditions. The material used for each batch and general processing conditions are summarized in Table 1. Progress of the oxidation reaction was monitored continuously by two primary measurements; the concentration of oxygen in the effluent stream which was depressed asmore » the oxygen was consumed, and the concentration of krypton-85 in the effluent stream as measured by a gamma counter on the off-gas pipeline. Table 1. Voloxidation test conditions for second campaign. Batch Fuel Source Burnup (GWd/MT)Batch size (kg*)/(kg**)Segment Length (in) Oxidation GasOperation Temperature ( C) 1Surry-2361.223/1.7041.0Air500 2North Anna63 702.071/2.8850.88Air600 3North Anna63 702.012/2.8030.88Oxygen600 * Heavy metal basis. ** Total fuel (oxide + cladding) basis. Fission product gases evolved from the fuel during the oxidation process were trapped for subsequent chemical and radiochemical analysis. The series of traps included a bed of molecular sieves to recover tritium (as HTO), silver-substituted zeolite to capture iodine (e.g. as AgI), a caustic scrubber to collect carbon dioxide (including 14CO2), a hydrogen-substituted mordenite to capture krypton (e.g. 85Kr) by cryogenic temperature swing adsorption, and a silver-substituted mordenite to capture xenon by cryogenic temperature swing absorption. The quantities of these volatile gases collected were compared to ORIGEN calculations to estimate the effectiveness of the voloxidation process to separate the volatiles from the used fuel. This paper will describe the voloxidation system and present preliminary results from the second processing campaign.« less
Mal de Meleda keratoderma with pseudoainhum (1993)

Pseudoainhum is an infrequent complication in the autosomal-recessive keratodermas. We describe two related families in which the diagnosis of mal de Meleda keratoderma has been confirmed by mode of inheritance and ultrastructural findings. One family member, a 9-year-old girl, developed pseudoainhum which threatened the viability of her little fingers. This responded to treatment with etretinnte. The treatment dilemma posed hy keratoderma-induced pseudoainhum in children, i.e. the concern over the possible skeletal toxic effects of long-term etretinate treatment vs, the risks and outcome of surgery, is discussed.
Supplemental Figure 5 FIP1C is not distribute at adjacent junctional complexes. Clinical relevance of FIP1C in Her2-positive breast cancer patients from Rab11-FIP1C Is a Critical Negative Regulator in ErbB2-Mediated Mammary Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The Supplemental Figure 5 demonstrates that FIP1C does not co-localize with E-cadherin and therefore FIP1C acts indirectly on E-cadherin status in ErbB2-driven model. Additionnally, this Supplemental Figure 5 shows that FIP1C levels is inversely correlated with Her2 grade status as reported by TCGA human data sets.&lt;/p&gt;
Differential Increase in Natriuretic Peptides in Elite Dynamic and Static Athletes (2003)

The echocardiographic measures and plasma concentrations of either atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were compared in elite judo practitioners (static athletes), elite marathon runners (dynamic athletes) and healthy controls to investigate the relationship between the different types of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides in athletes. The LV mass and LV wall thickness of marathon runners and judo practitioners were significantly greater than those of controls. The LV end-diastolic dimension index was significantly larger in the marathon group, but smaller in the judo group. The left atrial dimension (LAD) index was significantly larger only in marathon runners. Plasma BNP concentrations were higher in both the judo and marathon groups than in controls, and positively correlated with LV mass as well as with deceleration time. Plasma ANP concentrations were significantly higher in marathon runners than in the controls and judo groups, and positively correlated with the LAD index, but negatively correlated with ejection fraction. Multivariate analyses showed that the type of athlete and LAD index were independent predictors of plasma BNP and ANP concentrations, respectively. Thus, there is an intimate link between plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and cardiac morphology in different types of athletes.
Urease affects soybean susceptibility to fungi. (2012)

Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-10T00:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nID32740.pdf: 505372 bytes, checksum: 71a37d323bc49cedbc3463ff320bfcdd (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2012-01-30
Top-Down Visual Saliency Detection in Optical Satellite Images Based on Local Adaptive Regression Kernel (2014)

This paper proposes a novel top-down visual saliency detection method for optical satellite images using local adaptive regression kernels. This method provides a saliency map by measuring the likeness of image patches to a given single template image. The local adaptive regression kernel (LARK) is used as a descriptor to extract feature and compare against analogous feature from the target image. A multi-scale pyramid of the target image is constructed to cope with large-scale variations. In addition, accounting for rotation variations, the histogram of kernel orientation is employed to estimate the rotation angle of image patch, and then comparison is performed after rotating the patch by the estimated angle. Moreover, we use the bounded partial correlation (BPC) to compare features between image patches and the template so as to rapidly generate the saliency map. Experiments were performed in optical satellite images to find airplanes, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and robust in complex scenes.
The Blood-Brain Barrier (2002)

The main function of the cardiovascular system is the exchange of solutes between blood and tissue interstitial space. Thus, blood is the source of oxygen (O2) and nutrients such as glucose (GLU) for the tissue, and the mechanism by which waste products, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), are removed from tissue. The site of such exchange is the capillary. In most tissues of the body, plasma solutes (except plasma proteins) freely diffuse across or between the capillary endothelial cells (ECs). In such tissues, the stability of the tissue microenvironment (the interstitial fluid [ISF]) depends chiefly on the stability of plasma composition. In the case of the brain, stability of the microenvironment is essential for normal brain function, and the cerebral capillaries (with the exception of certain specialized regions: see Chapter 12) are structurally and functionally different from other capillaries, forming what is known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The cerebral capillary ECs are linked by tight junctions and form a diffusion barrier to the entry of many compounds from blood to brain. However, the cerebral capillaries are not just a passive barrier: There are many different transport processes at the cerebral capillaries to facilitate the movement of nutrients into brain, and to control the brain microenvironment. They also serve as an enzymatic barrier to the movement of compounds between blood and brain via degradation of unwanted compounds.
Multipinhole collimation for super-high resolution, small field-of-view SPECT (1994)

Three super-high resolution, small field-of-view SPECT systems with multipinhole (MPH) collimation were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The purpose of using MPH collimation was to more efficiently use the detector surface, and hence increase the system sensitivity, when imaging small objects and animals with certain radius of rotation. These MPH collimators were designed based on our triple-camera system (40 cm by 20 cm Nal(Tl) crystal). The pinholes in each collimator were positioned so that no overlap of projections from each pinhole was allowed. An in-plane three-pinhole (3PH) collimator was designed to image a rat-brain-size object diameter of region-or-interest (DROI) < (2.6 cm). For larger objects (DROI<3.8 cm), an in-plane two-pinhole (2PH) collimator was used. A four-pinhole (4PH) collimator was introduced to reduce the axial blurring artifacts in pinhole filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction. In this case, two of the pinholes were placed in-plane, while the other two pinholes were placed off-plane. These off-plane pinholes were used to provide better axial sampling. Sensitivities of MPH collimators were compared to that of single pinhole (SPH) collimator with similar resolution characteristics. System sensitivities for the on-axis point source at 4 cm from the collimator were increased by factors ranged from 1.6 (2PH) to 2.9more » (4PH), compared with SPH collimator. A three-dimensional FBP algorithm has been derived for MPH SPECT. The algorithm has been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Two kinds of phantom were simulated. One phantom was a four-rod phantom, and the other was a non-zero, multi-activity-level disk phantom. The results demonstrated that while both MPH FBP and SPH FBP reconstructions provided good transaxial images for the midplane, the 4PH EBP reconstruction greatly reduced the axial blurring artifacts.« less