gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the separation method for biomolecules (2013)

There are two types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs): metallic and semiconducting. To exploit their superior electric properties, mixtures of these two types of CNTs should be separated. For industrial applications, a large-scale, low-cost separation method is required. We successfully developed novel separation methods for CNTs by applying separation methods for biomolecules. We first applied agarose gel electrophoresis, and finally achieved large-scale, low-cost separation by the column method. Using this method, we provided separated CNT samples. A separation method for single structure semiconducting CNTs was also developed by overloading CNTs into tandemly arranged multi-columns. The point of timing of patent application, publication of research results, and budget application to carry out this research effectively is also presented in this paper.
Object Movement Management System via Integration of Stable Image Changes in Multiple Viewpoints (2011)

This paper proposes an object movement detection system covering large areas of a room by using multiple cameras. When object movement detection for whole of a room is performed, there are several challenging difficulties: sizes of objects on the camera images are small, non-objects such as humans also exist on the images, objects are sometimes difficult to detect in the specific viewpoints because of occlusion by humans or furniture or color similarity to near objects. In this work, we propose an object movement detection method by integrating multiple viewpoints via features extracted from “stable changes” on each viewpoint. To discriminate whether object or non-object, we focus on motion of changed regions. Experiment in a room environment shows the multiple view integration method with the color and position features improves recall rate of object detection performance.
Direct, stereocontrolled synthesis of a prostaglandins using the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene approach. (1973)

The laboratory procedure for a new modification of the general process of synthesizing all primary PGs (prostaglandins) which leads directly to PGA with stereochemical control is described. This process will yield analogs of PGA also. This route from primary PGs to PGA is believed applicable as well to the synthesis process for PGE and PGF. The progression of chemical structures through which the process develops is presented in chemical diagrams. This synthesizing route is advantageous in the following ways: 1) the resolution step is easy and accomplished early in the procedure; 2) most of the intermediate substances are easily purified crystalline solids; 3) yields are uniformly good; and 4) the process will yield PGA analogs in which 1 or both side chains are varied.
Концепция построения полностью оптической бортовой информационно-вычислительной сети с интеллектуальным управлением (2023)

В настоящей работе проведен анализ существующих подходов к построению отказоустойчивых бортовых систем на аппаратном и программном уровнях. Рассмотрены основные преимущества построения БИВС на базе компонентов волоконной оптики, в частности, для развертывания на ее основе единой интеллектуальной системы (ЕИС), производящей интеллектуальный вывод в случае возникновения нештатных ситуаций. Разработаны сценарии по парированию особых полетных ситуаций ВС, возникающих в полете в результате воздействия неблагоприятного фактора или сочетания неблагоприятных факторов и приводящих к снижению безопасности полетов. Разработаны алгоритмы реконфигурации БИВС в случае возникновения нештатных ситуаций, как в процессе полета, так и на земле. Предложены принципы формирования специализированной базы знаний информационной поддержки (СБЗИП) на основе эксплуатационной документации. С целью упрощения формализации знаний, хранящихся в СБЗИП, а также для упрощения модификации и дополнения СБЗИП при появлении новых данных, применяются методы логического программирования. Также предложены методики расчета характеристик конфигураций БИВС из СБЗИП. Разработаны методы динамического синтеза новых конфигураций БИВС, для нештатных ситуаций, возникающих в процессе эксплуатации ВС. Для решения задачи синтеза используется информация из пространства состояний, формализованная с помощью методов логического программирования. На основе нее производится построение полного графа системы с учетом ее избыточности и выполняется поиск-синтез наиболее подходящей архитектуры БИВС, позволяющей парировать возникшие отказы. В качестве метода поиска по графу используется метод ветвей и границ. Также, с этой целью в случае использования аппаратного ускорителя может применяться нейросетевой подход, заключающийся в решении оптимизационной задачи с помощью рекуррентной искусственной нейронной сети.
Augmented Lagrangian Method, Dual Methods, and Split Bregman Iteration for ROF, Vectorial TV, and High Order Models (2010)

In image processing, the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi (ROF) model [L. Rudin, S. Osher, and E. Fatemi, Phys. D, 60 (1992), pp. 259–268] based on total variation (TV) minimization has proven to be very useful. So far many researchers have contributed to designing fast numerical schemes and overcoming the nondifferentiability of the model. Methods considered to be particularly efficient for the ROF model include the Chan–Golub–Mulet (CGM) primal-dual method [T.F. Chan, G.H. Golub, and P. Mulet, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 20 (1999), pp. 1964–1977], Chambolle's dual method [A. Chambolle, J. Math. Imaging Vis., 20 (2004), pp. 89–97], the splitting and quadratic penalty-based method [Y. Wang, J. Yang, W. Yin, and Y. Zhang, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 1 (2008), pp. 248–272], and the split Bregman iteration [T. Goldstein and S. Osher, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 2 (2009), pp. 323–343], as well as the augmented Lagrangian method [X.C. Tai and C. Wu, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 5567, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2009, pp. 502–513]. In this paper, we first review the augmented Lagrangian method for the ROF model and then provide some convergence analysis and extensions to vectorial TV and high order models. All the algorithms and analysis will be presented in the discrete setting, which is much clearer for practical implementation than the continuous setting as in Tai and Wu, above. We also present, in the discrete setting, the connections between the augmented Lagrangian method, the dual methods, and the split Bregman iteration. Using our extensions and observations, we can easily figure out CGM and the split Bregman iteration for vectorial TV and high order models, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been presented in the literature. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our method, especially in the image deblurring case.
Self-configuring networks (2002)

To make future tactical battlefield networks more flexible and robust, nodes must rapidly configure themselves with little or no human intervention and reconfigure automatically as the environment changes. This paper describes the dynamic registration and configuration protocol (DRCP) and dynamic address allocation protocol (DAAP) that together can provide true stateless autoconfiguration of an entire network domain. We first describe DRCP which extends DHCP into new domains such as wireless networks and commercial service providers. We then describe DAAP, which distributes addresses and other configuration parameters to DRCP servers. Although kept much simpler by relying on DRCP we show DAAP must still be carefully designed to ensure robustness while maintaining enough address hierarchy to reduce routing protocol overhead. Implementations of DRCP and DAAP on a Linux PC platform are described.
New procedure for assessing sequential manual lifting jobs using the revised NIOSH lifting equation (2007)

A sequential manual lifting job is defined as a job where workers rotate between a series of manual lifting rotation slots or elements at specified time intervals during the course of a work shift. The original NIOSH lifting equation lacked a method for assessing the physical demands of these types of jobs. This paper presents the sequential lifting index (SLI), a new conceptual method for assessing the physical demands for sequential manual lifting jobs. The new method is similar to the composite lifting index (CLI) method that was provided by NIOSH for assessing multi-task jobs. The SLI method expands upon the methods originally provided by NIOSH by providing a simple method for estimating the relative magnitude of physical stress for sequential manual lifting jobs. It should also be useful in assisting safety and health specialists to prioritize or rank hazardous jobs within a plant.
Highly stereospecific dimerization of 5-formyl-5-methyl-1-pyrazolines. Preparation and characterization of stable carbinolamines (amino hemiacetals) (1977)

peer reviewed
Modeling just-in-time production systems (1993)

Kanban-controlled serial manufacturing systems have recently received considerable attention.
Ispike: A Post-link Optimizer for the Intel (2004)

Ispike is a post-link optimizer developed for the Intel R Itanium Processor Family (IPF) processors. The IPF architecture poses both opportunities and challenges to post-link optimizations. IPF offers a rich set of performance counters to collect detailed profile information at a low cost, which is essential to post-link optimization being practical. At the same time, the predication and bundling features on IPF make post-link code transformation more challenging than on other architectures. In Ispike, we have implemented optimizations like code layout, instruction prefetching, data layout, and data prefetching that exploit the IPF advantages, and strategies that cope with the IPF-specific challenges. Using SPEC CINT2000 as benchmarks, we show that Ispike improves performance by as much as 40% on the Itanium R 2 processor, with average improvement of 8.5% and 9.9% over executables generated by the Intel R Electron compiler and by the Gcc compiler, respectively. We also demonstrate that statistical profiles collected via IPF performance counters and complete profiles collected via instrumentation produce equal performance benefit, but the profiling overhead is significantly lower for performance counters.
Reference free quantitative ultrasound classification of fatty liver (2019)

The backscatter coefficient (BSC) describes the scattering properties of a medium and can be used to characterize tissue, such as fatty liver. To calculate the BSC, a calibration spectrum is needed, which can be acquired using a reference phantom method before or after the clinical scanning procedure is complete. This requires yet another scanning procedure that can disrupt the busy clinical flow. Therefore, we have explored the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a means of eliminating an external reference step while still capable of classifying liver disease in a rabbit model of fatty liver. Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were separated into five cohorts with each cohort maintained on a special high fat diet to induce different degrees of fatty liver. One week before scanning, rabbits were placed on normal chow. Rabbit livers were scanned in vivo using an L9-4/38 linear array connected to a SonixOne scanner. Raw RF data were collected from the scans and used for quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis. Immediately after scanning, the rabbit liver was extracted and the percent lipids in the liver were estimated using the Folch assay. The rabbit livers were classified into two classes: high fat (lipid percentage >= 5%) and low fat (lipid percentage <; 5%). The 5% threshold was equal to the median of lipid percentages of all the rabbits. Livers were classified using traditional QUS approaches and compared with a CNN approach where no reference was utilized, and the raw RF signals were used as the inputs. The attenuation and the BSC were estimated from the RF using a reference phantom technique. The attenuation slope, attenuation midband-fit, the effective scatterer diameter, and the effective acoustic concentration were extracted from the attenuation and the BSC and used as features to train a kernel support vector machine (SVM) for the task of liver lipid classification. A CNN was designed to simultaneously extract the features from the raw RF and perform liver lipid classification without using a reference phantom. Six-fold cross validation was performed to quantify the accuracy of the SVM classifier using the QUS parameters and the CNN classifier using the RF. The average training and testing accuracies across six folds using the QUS approach was 68.94% and 59.12%, respectively. The average training and test accuracy using the CNN approach were 81.03% and 73.81% for training and testing, respectively. The results demonstrate that the CNN can be used to classify fatty liver without the need for an external reference scan, i.e., reference-free QUS.
Structure of Alginate Gels: Interaction of Diuronate Units with Divalent Cations from Density Functional Calculations (2012)

The complexation of (1→4) linked α-L-guluronate (G) and β-D-mannuronate (M) disaccharides with Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) cations have been studied with quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT)-based method. A large number of possible cation-diuronate complexes, with one and two GG or MM disaccharide units and with or without water molecules in the inner coordination shells have been considered. The computed bond distances, cation interaction energies, and molecular orbital composition analysis revealed that the complexation of the transition metal (TM) ions to the disaccharides occurs via the formation of strong coordination-covalent bonds. On the contrary, the alkaline earth cations form ionic bonds with the uronates. The unidentate binding is found to be the most favored one in the TM hydrated and water-free complexes. By removing water molecules, the bidentate chelating binding also occurs, although it is found to be energetically less favored by 1 to 1.5 eV than the unidentate one. A good correlation is obtained between the alginate affinity trend toward TM cations and the interaction energies of the TM cations in all studied complexes, which suggests that the alginate affinities are strongly related to the chemical interaction strength of TM cations-uronate complexes. The trend of the interaction energies of the alkaline earth cations in the ionic complexes is opposite to the alginate affinity order. The binding strength is thus not a limiting factor in the alginate gelation in the presence of alkaline earth cations at variance with the TM cations.
High rate and selective etching of GaN, AlGaN, and AlN using an inductively coupled plasma (1997)

The etching behavior of gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1−xN), and aluminum nitride (AlN) has been systematically examined in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using Cl2 and Ar as the reagents. Etch rates were strongly influenced by ICP power and dc bias, while relatively insensitive to pressure, flow rate, and gas composition. Maximum etch rates of 9800 Å/min for GaN, 9060 Å/min for Al0.28Ga0.72N, and 7490 Å/min for AlN were attained. The etch profiles were highly anisotropic over the range of conditions studied. The dc bias had to exceed certain voltages before significant etch rates were obtained. These values were &amp;lt;−20 V for GaN, −40 V for Al0.28Ga0.72N, and &amp;gt;−50 V for AlN. As such, increasing selectivity for GaN over Al0.28Ga0.72N and AlN was achieved at dc biases below −40 V. At −20 V, the GaN etch rates were 38 times greater than AlN and a factor of 10 greater than Al0.28Ga0.72N. These results demonstrate the importance of ion bombardment in the etching of these materials.
C1C (2013)

Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM), a promising alternative to SRAM for reducing leakage power consumption, has been widely studied to mitigate the impact of its asymmetrically long write latency. Recently, STT-RAM has been proposed for L1 caches by relaxing the data retention time to improve write performance and dynamic energy. However, as the technology scales down from 65nm to 22nm, the performance of the read operation scales poorly due to reduced sense margins and sense amplifier delays. In this article, we leverage a dual-mode STT memory cell to design a configurable L1 cache architecture termed C1C to mitigate read performance barriers with technology scaling. Guided by application access characteristics discovered through novel compiler analyses, the proposed cache adaptively switches between a high performance and a low-power access mode. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed cache with compiler guidance outperforms a state-of-the-art STT-RAM cache design by 9% with high dynamic energy efficiency, leading to significant performance/watt improvements over several competing approaches.
Influence of carbon nanotube and ionic liquid on properties of natural rubber nanocomposites (2019)

Some properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) filled natural rubber (NR) composites were improved by adding an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulphonyl)mide (BMI). In this work, the CNT and IL (CNT-IL) were mixed with NR by latex mixing method. Cure characteristics, thermo-mechanical properties, Payne effect, electrical conductivity and thermal stability were investigated. It was found that IL (BMI) accelerated vulcanization reactions and reduced scorch time. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results confirmed the role of IL in NR composites along with the reaction between CNT and NR molecules. The temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) measurement was used to assess thermo-mechanical properties, and a relaxation peak of IL was found due to interactions of cations and anions in IL (BMI). Furthermore, the Payne effect was used to qualitatively analyze the roles of IL and CNT in three-dimensional CNT networks in the NR matrix. It was found that CNT dispersion was finer in the NR/CNT composites with IL. Furthermore, the NR/CNT-IL composite had higher electrical conductivity and lower percolation threshold concentration than the NR/CNT composite.
Food Drug Interactions (2011)

The effect of drug on a person may be different than expected because that drug interacts with another drug the person is taking (drug-drug interaction), food, beverages, dietary supplements the person is consuming (drug-nutrient/food interaction) or another disease the person has (drug-disease interaction). A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug, i.e. the effects are increased or decreased, or they produce a new effect that neither produces on its own. These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances. Regarding food-drug interactions physicians and pharmacists recognize that some foods and drugs, when taken simultaneously, can alter the body's ability to utilize a particular food or drug, or cause serious side effects. Clinically significant drug interactions, which pose potential harm to the patient, may result from changes in pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, or pharmacodynamic properties. Some may be taken advantage of, to the benefit of patients, but more commonly drug interactions result in adverse drug events. Therefore it is advisable for patients to follow the physician and doctors instructions to obtain maximum benefits with least food-drug interactions. The literature survey was conducted by extracting data from different review and original articles on general or specific drug interactions with food. This review gives information about various interactions between different foods and drugs and will help physicians and pharmacists prescribe drugs cautiously with only suitable food supplement to get maximum benefit for the patient.
Development of CO2 EOR Techniques for Unlocking Resources in Tight Oil Formations (2013)

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Petroleum Systems Engineering, University of Regina. xv, 160 p.
Novel Metal Implantation Technique for Osteochondral Defects of the Medial Talar Dome (2012)

The optimal treatment for large osteochondral defects of the talus or secondary treatment after failed primary surgical treatment is yet to be determined. A metal implant with a diameter of 15 mm has been developed for treatment of these lesions of the medial talar dome. The approach by means of a medial malleolar osteotomy and the implantation technique are outlined. The surgical technique is safe and reproducible, and short-term clinical results are promising.
New evidence for a clean thermally induced c(2×2) surface structure on W(100) (1977)

LEED intensities, work function changes and fine structure in the Auger electron spectrum are reported for W(100) which show conclusively that the clean surface reconstructs on cooling below 400K to a c(2*2) structure. The work function of the c(2*2) surface is within 15 mV of the (1*1) surface. However, changes in the N7VV AES transition during the transformation (1*1) to c(2*2) show some attenuation of the surface-sensitive feature which has been attributed to a W(100) surface state.
Results from the northern New Mexico satellite-beacon radio interferometer (1994)

An interferometer described in the Boston, 1992, meeting of the Beacon Satellite Symposium has been in full operation for over a year now. It consists of four autonomous stations; three are in a triangle 70 km on a side and one is in the center. The stations receive the VHF beacons from two geosynchronous satellites, GOES-2 and ATS-3. The phases of the beacons are tracked at each station by referring them to an extremely stable rubidium oscillator. The studies of the two satellites are virtually separate experiments. The received phase of the beacon is retarded by the increased Total-Electron-Content of the dense regions of waves in the ionosphere. By comparing the phase history at four spatially separated stations, the authors can determine the two-dimensional propagation vector of the waves. This array is optimal for wavelengths of 70--300 km (periods of 300--3,000 seconds). Since the measurement is of the phase of the signal rather than the difference between the O-mode and X-mode phases, and since the beacons are in the VHF rather than in the L-band of GPS beacons, the array is very sensitive. It has a noise level of 10{sup 13} electrons/m{sup 2}, or 10{sup {minus}4} of the normal daytime TEC. This has been verified by operating two stations in the same location, so that they saw the same ionosphere. The first interesting results from a year`s study is that the authors do not see the same TID`s when looking at the two satellites. One conclusion they draw is that they do not see evidence of ionospheric winds.