gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and control of a GaN-based, 13-level, flying capacitor multilevel inverter (2016)

Multilevel topologies are an appealing method to achieve higher power density inverters for both mobile and stationary systems. This work discusses the design and development of a 13-level, flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) inverter. Operating from an 800 V bus, this inverter requires switches with a voltage blocking capability of less than 80 V. A 120 kHz switching frequency is enabled through the use of GaN FETs and the development of custom integrated switching cells, which reduce commutation loop inductance and allow for a modular design. Additionally, the frequency multiplication effect of FCML inverters allows the output inductor of the inverter to be made exceptionally small (4.7 μH) while maintaining a 0.7 % THD due to the 1.44 MHz effective inductor ripple frequency.
Reply (2008)

The comments of Krapp and Frenking are acknowledged, however, it is proposed that a detailed description of the nature of the metal–ligand bonding in the Ag I acetylene complexes has to consider orbital interactions, in contrast to the electrostatic picture drawn by Krapp and Frenking.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC ANALOGS OF PIPERAZINE. XII. SYNTHESIS OF 3,8‐DIAZABICYCLO(3,2,1)OCTANES HAVING POTENTIAL ANTIPARKINSON ACTIVITY (1977)

Abstract Nach an sich bekannten Verfahren werden, wie im Formelschema näher erläutert, die Derivate (VI), (VII), (X), (XII), (XIII), (XVII) und (XVIII) der isomeren N‐Methyldiazabicyclo‐octane (Va) und (Vb) hergestellt.
Diode arrays, crystals, and thermal management for solid-state lasers (1997)

We summarize our efforts in the development of solid-state lasers, including the laser diode arrays, pump light delivery, approaches to thermal management, and novel gain media. Our interests are in developing unique solid-state lasers, including those operating at higher powers, offering less common wavelengths, and having other specialized features. In this paper, we discuss high-power Tm:YAG and Yb:YAG lasers. The gas cooled slab laser concept using Yb:S-FAP, and side-pumped Er:YAG and Cr:ZnSe lasers. We address the optical and thermal physics of these systems and also mention several additional gain media that have the potential of offering unique performance characteristics: Ce:LiSAF, APG-2 laser glass, Dy:LaCl/sub 3/, and Yb:BCBF.
Cannabinoids in the treatment of pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. (2002)

There is a large amount of evidence to support the view that the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), and cannabinoids in general, can reduce muscle spasticity and pain under some circumstances. Cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the CNS appear to mediate both of these effects and endogenous cannabinoids may fulfil these functions to some extent under normal circumstances. However, in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), it is still questionable whether cannabinoids are superior to existing, conventional medicationsfor the treatment of spasticity and pain. In the case of spasticity, there are too few controlled clinical trials to draw any reliable conclusion at this stage. In the case of pain, most of the available trials suggest that cannabinoids are not superior to existing treatments; however, few trials have examined chronic pain syndromes that are relevant to MS. Whether or not cannabinoids do have therapeutic potential in the treatment of MS, a further issue will be whether synthetic cannabinoids should be used in preference to cannabis itself. Smoking cannabis is associated with significant risks of lung cancer and other respiratory dysfunction. Furthermore, delta9-THC, as a broad-spectrum cannabinoid receptor agonist, will activate both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Synthetic cannabinoids, which target specific cannabinoid receptor subtypes in specific parts of the CNS, are likely to be of more therapeutic use than delta9-THC itself. If rapid absorption is necessary, such synthetic drugs could be delivered via aerosol formulations.
Use of polyvalent phage for reduction of streptomycetes on soil dilution plates (1992)

An isolation method was developed in which prior to inoculation soil suspensions were exposed to suspensions of polyvalent phage isolated to Streptomyces spp. The phage susceptibility of streptomycetes provided a selective means of reducing streptomycetes on isolation plates subsequent to inoculation, and this reduction was persistent after long incubation periods. The efficiency and applicability of the method developed were checked with different samples from a range of sources. The increased chances of development of other genera after the reduction of streptomycetes on soil dilution plates were assessed.
The association of ABO blood group with indices of disease severity and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19 (2020)

Studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) suggest a protective effect of anti-A antibodies against viral cell entry that may hold relevance for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether ABO blood groups are associated with different severities of COVID-19. We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis and nested prospective observational substudy of critically ill patients with COVID-19. We collected data pertaining to age, sex, comorbidities, dates of symptom onset, hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), standard laboratory parameters, and serum inflammatory cytokines. National (N = 398 671; P = .38) and provincial (n = 62 246; P = .60) ABO blood group distributions did not differ from our cohort (n = 95). A higher proportion of COVID-19 patients with blood group A or AB required mechanical ventilation (P = .02) and CRRT (P = .004) and had a longer ICU stay (P = .03) compared with patients with blood group O or B. Blood group A or AB also had an increased probability of requiring mechanical ventilation and CRRT after adjusting for age, sex, and presence of ≥1 comorbidity. Inflammatory cytokines did not differ between patients with blood group A or AB (n = 11) vs O or B (n = 14; P > .10 for all cytokines). Collectively, our data indicate that critically ill COVID-19 patients with blood group A or AB are at increased risk for requiring mechanical ventilation, CRRT, and prolonged ICU admission compared with patients with blood group O or B. Further work is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Epigenetically-regulated RNA-binding proteins signify malaria hypnozoite dormancy (2023)

SUMMARY Dormancy enables relapsing malaria parasites, such as Plasmodium vivax and cynomolgi , to survive unfavorable conditions and maximize chances for transmission. It is caused by hypnozoites, parasites remaining quiescent inside hepatocytes before reactivating and establishing blood-stage infection. We integrated various omics approaches to explore gene-regulatory mechanisms underlying hypnozoite formation and reactivation. Genome-wide profiling of epigenetic marks identified a small set of genes that gets epigenetically silenced during hepatic infection of relapsing parasites. Furthermore, by combining single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling and fluorescent in situ RNA hybridization, we show that these genes are exclusively expressed in hypnozoites and their silencing precedes parasite development. Intriguingly, these hypnozoite-specific genes mainly encode proteins with RNA-binding domains. We, hence, propose that repressive RNA-binding proteins keep hypnozoites in a developmentally competent but dormant state and heterochromatin-mediated silencing of the corresponding genes enables hypnozoite reactivation. Further testing of this hypothesis could provide clues for targeted reactivation and killing of these vicious pathogens.
Offshore porewater and flux chamber sampling of San Diego Bay sediments at Site 9, Naval Air Station, North Island. Final report (1999)

Porewater measurements at 20 offshore stations at North Island, IR site 9, indicate that elevated levels of VOCs are present in a tightly restricted area near the southern reach of Bravo Pier. The highest levels were always observed at the deepest measurement points, indicating that the concentrations are significantly attenuated within the sediment before entering the bay. In addition, the primary VOCs observed were 1,1-DCE, 1,2-DCE, and VC, indicating that degradation of the TCE source product is occurring before the material reaches the bay. Measurement of water seepage and VOC fluxes at six offshore stations where elevated VOCs were measured indicate that fluxes of VOCs to the bay are limited primarily to the areas around PW02 and PW03 between Bravo Pier and the shore. Seepage measurements show that the flux is driven largely by a tidal pumping of the porewater in which porewater with elevated VOC levels migrates out during low water, and bay water with undetectable VOC levels returns to the sediment during high water. The flux measurements indicate that overall, the largest VOC flux to the bay is for 1,2-DCE with an estimated total annual input of about 4.6 kg, followed by 1,1-DCE with 1.4 kg, VC withmore » 1.3 kg, and TCE with 0.001 kg (1.2 g). Based on the low/undetectable levels of VOCs in ambient bay water, the relatively high solubility of the target VOCs, and the close proximity to the mouth of the bay, it appears likely that any materials entering the bay at this site are rapidly flushed to the ocean. However, the potential for localized effects on infaunal organisms near PWO2 and PW03 does exist and should be evaluated.« less
Insulator damages related to charge detrapping (2002)

It is shown that a critical space charge variation is the cause of insulator sample damage ranging from atom size to macroscopic size. This finding has implications for space charge characterization. Correlation of the space charge characteristics to breakdown strength requires the critical conditions for initiating breakdown. These conditions are related to such material intrinsic parameters as the trap energy distribution, the trap spatial distribution, the schubweg, and the modification of the free energy of the charged sample. The crucial point is therefore not how to measure the charge distribution but how to characterize trapping/detrapping critical parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wordsworth's Place in the Romantic Tradition (1950)

An opinion is presented that Wordsworth is a model and a leader of the romantic movement by virtue of sharing through his poetry the joy provided by nature. He is considered to have used poetic imagination to express the deeper truth of things he observed in a style that broke with stereotyped diction.
RNA editing (1999)

The term RNA editing describes those molecular processes in which the information content is altered in an RNA molecule. To date such changes have been observed in tRNA. rRNA and mRNA molecules of eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes. The demonstration of RNA editing in prokaryotes may only be a matter of time, considering the range of species in which the various RNA editing processes have been found. RNA editing occurs in the nucleus, as well as in mitochondria and plastids, which are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic-like endosymbionts. Most of the RNA editing processes, however, appear to be evolutionarily recent acquisitions that arose independently. The diversity of RNA editing mechanisms includes nucleoside modifications such as C to U and A to I deaminations, as well as non-templated nucleotide additions and insertions. RNA editing in mRNAs effectively alters the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein so that it differs from that predicted by the genomic DNA sequence.
New-type steel plate with ultra high crack-arrestability (1995)

A new-type steel plate has been developed by controlling the microstructure of the surface layers. The surface layer consists of ultra fine grain ferrite microstructure, which provides excellent fracture toughness even at cryogenic temperature. When an unstable brittle crack propagates in the developed steel plate, shear-lips can be easily formed due to the surface layers with ultra fine grain microstructure. Since unstable running crack behavior is strongly affected by side-ligaments (shear-lips), which are associated with extensive plastic deformation, enhanced formation of the shear-lips can improve crack arrestability. This paper describes the developed steel plates of HT500MPa tensile strength class for shipbuilding use. Fracture mechanics investigations using large-scale fracture testings (including ultrawide duplex ESSO tests) clarified that the developed steel plates have ultra high crack-arrestability. It was also confirmed that the plates possess sufficient properties, including weldability and workability, for ship building use.
Biogenic Nano-CuO-Catalyzed Facile C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions: Scope and Mechanism (2016)

We demonstrate here a green and efficient biogenic synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles using easily available Ocimum Sanctum leaf extract at room temperature. The biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles have shown excellent activity on N-arylation of cyclic and acyclic amides with aryl and styryl halides. Broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and high yields were observed. This protocol is also extended for the N-arylation of substituted aryl amines and nitrogen heterocycles including pyrole, indole, imidazole, benzimidazole, and carbazole. The catalyst was characterized by EPR, UV, FT-IR, BET, AAS, TGA analysis, XPS, XRD, and HR-TEM.
감성 마우스 개발 관한 연구 (2004)

인간의 감성을 컴퓨터가 이해할 수 있도록 하는 감성 통신시대가 도래하였다. 사용자의 감성은 컴퓨터가 인간과의 의사소통 및 작업효율에 가장 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 감성통신을 위한 인간의 생체반응을 감시하고 감성을 평가할 수 있는 감성마우스를 구현 하였다. 맥파(PPG), 피부저항(GSR), 피부온도(SKT)의 센서와 신호처리 보드를 마우스에 장착하여 감성을 평가할 수 있는 시스템 구현하였다.
Abnormal in vitro function of a variant human transferrin (1984)

Normal and variant transferrins have been isolated from the plasma of an individual heterozygous for the abnormal protein. The normal and variant proteins were separated, saturated with 59Fe, labelled with 125I and then compared in their interaction with PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes in vitro. At 4 degrees C the variant protein bound to the transferrin receptors on these cells with an association constant (6.25 +/- 2.53 X 10(7) l mol-1, mean +/- SD; n = 4) which was an order of magnitude lower than that of the normal diferric transferrin (6.31 +/- 1.82 X 10(8) l mol-1, mean +/- SD; n = 4). This low association constant was reflected in a much reduced rate of iron donation to the cells at 37 degrees C (22.2 +/- 8.3 pg/10(6) cells/h compared with 48.1 +/- 15.6 pg/10(6) cells/h). As the variant transferrin has both abnormal iron-binding properties (Evans et al, 1982) and an abnormal interaction with the transferrin receptor, it would appear that these two functions may be closely interdependent.
Considerations in the Development of Durability Specifications for Vehicle Drive Train Component Test (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engineering specifications, i.e. test bogeys, are criterion for determining the success or failure of durability designs in the product development process. Considerations in the development of the specifications for vehicle structural components, such as axle housings and suspension torque rods, have been presented in a previous SAE paper [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This paper has been prepared because the factors on the same subject for vehicle drive train components, such as gears and bearings, are quite different. The center of this study is on “how to define equivalent duty cycles for lab test”. Several issues distinguish this task for drive train components: High cycle fatigue, high accelerated tests, competitive failures and failure modes, empirical component load-life data, loading, field correlation, and system level tests. To further complicate the issue, drive train components are often selected from available internal and external sources, and the system level design validation is accomplished in steps. Ideally, what we need is a flexible and reliable approach that can be used routinely and cost effectively for design validation. One method outlined in this paper is to conduct the integrated simulation and modeling in which vehicle and power train performance simulation and fatigue life estimation are conducted along with test correlation. To illustrate, a scenario study of a test development exercise for a commercial vehicle's final drive system is provided.&lt;/div&gt;
Factors affecting customer satisfaction at Mega Maket in Vietnam (2021)

Mega Market, formerly Metro Cash & Carry Vietnam, has been operating in the wholesale sector since 2002, currently has 19 centers across Vietnam. Over the years, Metro Cash & Carry Vietnam has invested heavily and continuously in the development of commercial infrastructure, as well as in the field of hygiene and food safety in the country. In response to the development needs of the retail industry, the study and assessment of factors affecting customer satisfaction on retail service quality and application to business enterprises according to modern retail methods such as supermarkets and convenience stores have an important meaning, serving as a basis for improving and innovating service quality, enhancing customer satisfaction, towards sustainable development. Therefore, the factors affecting customer satisfaction at Mega Market Vietnam are issues that need to be raised and resolved.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Enantiopure Allenic Lactams Prepared from a Pyroglutamic Acid Derived Organozinc Reagent. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Axially Dissymmetric diphosphines in the Biphenyl Series: Crystal structures of three new group‐VIII metal complexes of (6,6′‐dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ( = biphemp) (1992)

Abstract (6,6′‐Dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ( = biphemp) reacts with allymetal halidesm to yeild complexes 1–3 which were transformed into the corresponding perchlorates 4–6 . The molecular structures of 4–6 were determined by X‐ray analyses.
Gamma‐Ray‐Irradiated Red Blood Cells Stored in Mannitol‐Adenine‐Phosphate Medium: Rheological Evaluation and Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress (2000)

Abstract Background and Objectives: To evaluate the rheological properties and the oxidative susceptibility of γ‐ray‐irradiated red blood cells (RBCs). Materials and Methods: RBCs in mannitol‐adenine‐phosphate (MAP) medium were irradiated with 35 Gy and stored at 4°C for 4 weeks. The deformability of the RBCs was examined under shear flow in relation to the morphological and biochemical changes. The RBCs were further exposed to 1mM FeSO 4 and 5 mM ascorbate to examine the oxidative susceptibility. Results: The RBC deformability was decreased during storage, and the impairment was further enhanced by the irradiation, which promoted cell shrinkage and intracellular hemoglobin condensation accompanying potassium loss. Lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation of the RBC membrane as well as echinocytosis were not enhanced by the irradiation. The exposure to free iron did not stimulate the oxidation of the irradiated RBC membrane. Conclusion: The decreased deformability of γ‐ray‐irradiated RBCs in MAP medium was mainly induced by dehydration due to potassium loss, and the membrane lipids and proteins were stably preserved against oxidative stress.
P350 Real-world data regarding treatment of ulcerative colitis patients with golimumab in Switzerland (2019)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors have markedly improved treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but loss of response in the long-term remains a frequent problem. A novel anti-TNF agent, golimumab, has been introduced in Switzerland for UC in 2014. We aimed for real-word data from 1536 UC patients from the Swiss IBD cohort study (SIBDC). UC patients treated with golimumab from 2014 to 2018 were compared with the remaining SIBDC patients with UC. We also performed a chart review of a subgroup of patients to assess response to golimumab. Among 90 patients (5.9% of all SIBDCS patients with UC) treated with golimumab, extensive disease (E3) was more frequent compared with the non-golimumab group (n = 1409); (E3: 61% vs. 54%, E2: 37% vs. 33% and E1: 2% vs. 12%, p = 0.005). They had more active disease (average modified Truelove and Witts activity index [MTWAI] 8 [IQR: 4–10] vs. 4 [IQR: 2–8], p < 0.001) and more extraintestinal manifestations (56/90 [62%] vs. 615/1446 [43%], p < 0.001). In the golimumab group, previous treatment with infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab or vedolizumab was common (26 patients [~29%] with 0 biologics, 44 patients [~49%] with 1, 17 [~19%] with 2, 3 [3%] with 3 biologics) and the rate of prior anti-TNF failure was higher than in the non-golimumab group (p ≤ 0.001 for each biologic). Chart review for 57 patients showed a drop of MTWAI from 7 (IQR: 4–11) at baseline to 3 (IQR: 2–6.5) at 6 months (p = 0.0006) and to 2 (IQR: 1–5) at 12 months (p < 0.0001) upon golimumab therapy (Figure). Similarly, the partial Mayo score decreased from 3 (IQR: 1.75–5.25) to 0.5 (IQR: 0–4, p = 0.0002) and 1 (IQR: 0–3.5, p = 0.001) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The partial Mayo score was normal for 17/35 patients (30% of original cohort) at 6 months and for 14/28 patients (25% of original cohort) at 12 months, respectively. Golimumab was continued in 23/57 patients beyond 12 months. The most frequent reason for stopping was golimumab failure (21 patients). Figure. Time course for decrease in disease activity scores upon golimumab therapy. Statistics: Mann–Whitney U test. MTWAI, Modified Truelove and Witts activity index. Golimumab has been used in Switzerland mainly for UC patients with severe and extensive disease and failure of prior biologic therapy. A quarter of this difficult to treat (70% with ≥ 1 biological treatment failure) patient population could be successfully treated with normalisation of the partial Mayo score at 12 months.
Miniaturized InSb mid‐IR photovoltaic sensor for room temperature operation (2008)

Abstract We have developed a miniaturized InSb middle‐infrared photovoltaic sensor (InSb PVS) that operates at room temperature. A single InSb photodiode of the InSb PVS consists of an InSb p + ‐p – ‐n + photodiode structure grown on a semi‐insulating GaAs (100) substrate, with a p + ‐Al 0.17 In 0.83 Sb barrier layer between p + and p – layers to reduce diffusion of photo‐excited electrons. The n‐ and p‐type dopants used are Sn and Zn, respectively. To avoid 1/f noise, we operated our InSb photodiode in photovoltaic mode to output an open‐circuit voltage. Moreover, to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio, 700 photodiodes arranged on a 600 × 600 μm chip were serially connected to each other. We found that the output signal voltage of the sensor depends on the Zn doping concentration in the p – layer. The peak output voltage was obtained at about 6 × 10 16 cm –3 , which corresponded to the minimum value of the carrier concentration in the p – layer. After packaging, the final external size of the sensor was 2.2 × 2.7 × 0.7 mm. To our knowledge, our sensor is the smallest uncooled sensor in the mid‐IR range reported up to now. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)