gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tomato NAC transcription factor SlNAM2 is involved in flower-boundary morphogenesis (2013)

Being composed of several whorls of distinct floral organs, the flower is one of the most complex organs in the plant. As such, the formation and maintenance of boundaries that separate the meristem from the floral organ primordium and adjacent organs are critical for its normal development. In Arabidopsis, the miR164-regulated NAM genes play key roles in floral-boundary specification. By contrast, much less is known about floral-boundary establishment in the model crop tomato. It was found that the miR164-regulated NAM gene GOBLET is expressed in the floral meristem-organ boundaries and its loss-of-function mutant produces flowers with fused organs, indicating its requirement for tomato floral-boundary formation. It was found here that sly-miR164 targets the transcripts of three additional uncharacterized NAM genes in developing flowers. It is shown that, after floral-boundary initiation, the NAM gene Solyc03g115850 (SlNAM2) is expressed as stripes that mark the boundaries between sepals and between different floral whorls. Furthermore, ectopic accumulation of SlNAM2-encoding transcripts caused various growth-suppression and extraorgan phenotypes typically observed in plants over-expressing known boundary genes. Flower-specific silencing of sly-miR164-targeted NAM genes (AP1>>MIR164) caused defects in the separation of sepals and floral whorls indicating abnormal boundary specification. However, supplementing these NAM-deficient flowers with miR164-resistant SlNAM2 suppressed their fusion phenotypes and completely restored floral boundaries. Together, our results strongly suggest that SlNAM2 participates in the establishment of tomato flower whorl and sepal boundaries.
An Overview of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Asian and European Countries (2022)

The gap in demand and supply of water has been increasing immensely with every passing decade. As a result, globally the treatment of wastewater has been adapted to cater to the increasing demands of clean water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The contamination of water is one of the biggest issues faced by mankind in the present scenario. As a result, the Asian and European countries have adopted immense measures to treat the wastewater generated by various human activities. Despite these measures, the treatment and the use of reclaimed water is a distant journey given the current scenario. Thus, in this chapter, an attempt has been made to obtain an overview of the past and the current status of wastewater treatment facilities in various Asian and European countries.
Deletion mutagenesis of high molecular weight kininogen light chain. Identification of two anionic surface binding subdomains. (1993)

The light chain (LC) of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HK) binds to anionic surfaces as well as the zymogens prekallikrein and factor XI and thus accelerates activation of the kallikrein-kinin, fibrinolytic, and coagulation pathways. The binding sites on HK LC for factor XI (amino acid residues 574-631) and prekallikrein (residues 583-613) have been localized to domain 6. Domain 5 (residues 438-520) has been postulated to contain the anionic surface binding subdomain. In order to define this subdomain we have expressed HK LC (residues Lys438-Ser644) as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli and generated various HK LC deletion mutants. The recombinant HK LC (rHK LC) and various HK LC fragments were purified as GST fusion proteins by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography from bacterial cell extracts. The rHK LC and recombinant fragments His459-Ser644, Glu466-Ser644, Leu483-Ser644, His493-Ser644, Lys438-Asp492, Lys438-Ser531, and His493-Lys520 inhibited 125I-HKa binding to kaolin, a model anionic surface used in the contact system, in a concentration-dependent manner. Deletion mutant proteins lacking domain 5, Thr521-Ser644 and Ser583-Ser644, did not inhibit the radiolabeled HKa binding to kaolin. The rHK LC and recombinant fragments Lys438-Asp492, Lys438-Ser531, His493-Ser644, His493-Lys520, Thr521-Ser644, and Ser583-Ser644 were radiolabeled with 125I and were then tested for their ability to bind to kaolin in the presence of fibrinogen and albumin. Except for the Thr521-Ser644 and Ser583-Ser644 fragments, all other radiolabeled HK LC deletion mutant proteins and rHK LC bound to kaolin in a concentration-dependent manner. This binding to kaolin was specific since it was inhibited by the addition of excess unlabeled HKa. The rHK LC, His493-Ser644 and delta 493-520 HK LC have coagulant activity, while other deletion mutant proteins did not exhibit coagulant properties. We conclude that there are at least two anionic surface binding subdomains, one in the histidine-glycine-rich region (Lys438-Asp492) and the other in the histidine-glycine-lysine-rich region (His493-Lys520), in the domain 5 of HK LC. Either subdomain, in the presence of the zymogen binding domain 6, is sufficient to impart coagulant activity to HK LC, while the presence of both did not increase the coagulant activity of HK LC additively.
Synthesis of a Galactosylated 4‐Hydroxylysine Building Block and Its Incorporation into a Collagen Immunodominant Glycopeptide (2008)

Abstract An analogue of the immunodominant glycopeptide from type II collagen encompassing residues 256–270 has been prepared by substituting β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl‐(2 S ,4 R )‐4‐hydroxy‐ L ‐lysyl (Gal‐4‐Hyl) for β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl‐(2 S ,5 R )‐5‐hydroxy‐ L ‐lysyl (Gal‐5‐Hyl) at position 264. The synthesis of the 4‐hydroxylysine aglycon started from the known (2 S ,4 S )‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐oxo‐1,2‐piperidinedicarboxylate ( 3 ) and involved selective ring‐opening of 3 , lactone formation, and N ‐acylation of the lactone with glycyl esters. The resulting N ‐Fmoc‐protected 4‐hydroxylysyl‐glycine dipeptide derivative was galactosylated in high yield to give a building block suitable for solid‐phase peptide synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Foams (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane FoamsAnthony J. PapaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1970, 9, 4, 478–496Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360036a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i360036a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views921Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Attenuation control of pyrBI operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12. (1983)

The pyrBI operon of Escherichia coli K-12 encodes the subunits of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2). Expression of this operon apparently is negatively regulated by the intracellular levels of UTP. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism in which UTP functions, the nucleotide sequence of the promoter-regulatory region of the pyrBI operon was determined and DNA fragments containing this region were transcribed in vitro. These experiments revealed a rho-independent transcriptional terminator (attenuator) located only 23 base pairs before the promoter-proximal end of the structural genes. Transcription initiated upstream at either of two potential pyrBI promoters was efficiently (approximately equal to 98%) terminated at this site, indicating that the regulation of pyrBI expression involves attenuation control. Additional features identified suggest a model for regulation in which the relative rates of UTP-dependent transcription within the pyrBI leader region and coupled translation of the leader transcript control transcriptional termination at the attenuator.
Cholecystokinin Receptor-Targeted Polyplex Nanoparticle Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

Our polyplex nanoparticle platform establishes both a strong foundation for the development of receptor-targeted therapeutics and a unique approach for the delivery of siRNA in vivo, thus warranting further exploration of this approach in other types of cancers.
Does Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Affect Children's Pedestrian Safety? (2014)

Results suggest excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) from the clinical sleep disorders known as the hypersomnias of central origin may have significant consequences on children's daytime functioning in a critical domain of personal safety, pedestrian skills. Cognitive processes involved in safe pedestrian crossings may be impaired in children with EDS. In the pedestrian simulation, children with EDS appeared to show a pattern consistent with inattentional blindness, in that they "looked but did not process" information in their pedestrian environment. Results highlight the need for heightened awareness of potentially irreversible consequences of untreated sleep disorders and identify a possible target for pediatric injury prevention.
Uridine 5'-Triphosphate Stimulates Alveolar Fluid Clearance in the Isolated Rat Lungs (2004)

Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) increases chloride secretion followed by fluid movement into the proximal airspaces. However, little is known about whether UTP affects fluid movement in the distal airspaces. We studied the effect of UTP on basal and stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in the isolated rat lungs. Isosmotic 5% albumin solution was instilled into the alveolar spaces of isolated rat lungs, which were then inflated with 100% oxygen at an airway pressure of 7 cmH(2)O. Alveolar fluid clearance was measured by the progressive increase in albumin concentrations over 1 h. Although UTP (10(-9) - 10(-6) M) did not increase alveolar fluid clearance, UTP (10(-5) - 10(-3) M) and isoproterenol (10(-5) M), a beta-adrenergic agonist, increased alveolar fluid clearance by 40% and 120% of the basal values, respectively. A combined treatment of UTP (10(-4) M, 10(-3) M) and isoproterenol increased alveolar fluid clearance by 280% of the basal value. The effects of UTP in the presence and absence of isoproterenol were abolished by blockers of a P2 purinoceptor and chloride channels. These results indicate that UTP stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in the distal airspaces of rat lungs.
Influence of an Active Crystal Cooling Device on the Shape of the Phase Boundary in Mono Ingots Grown by the Czochralski Technique (2021)

In Cz-Si the shape of the crystallization front, which is essentially controlled by the interaction of the various convection phenomena, determines the radial distribution of the crystal properties and is the subject of numerous publications. In our former investigations [1] on the limits of the pull speed in the Czochralski process, we were able to determine a clear influence of an active crystal cooling on the extent of the deflection of the phase boundary in the growing crystal. In order to investigate the influence of the crystal cooling element on the shape of the interface in more detail, two different series of crystal growth experiments were carried out and interpreted with 2D numerical simulations. For this purpose the shapes of the phase boundaries of the grown crystals were made visible by means of LPS measurements and compared with the calculated interface shapes. In one of the two series, the influence of a certain crystal cooling element in connection with the growth configuration was investigated. In the other series, the influence of different crystal cooling elements on the phase boundary was examined. Based on the heat flux balance at the crystallization front, the essential parameters for stable crystal growth conditions were evaluated. For all experiments performed, the cooling rate of the growing crystal in its growth environment were calculated from the point of view of the distribution of intrinsic defects.
Ternary complexation of carvedilol, β-cyclodextrin and citric acid for mouth-dissolving tablet formulation (2009)

The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol by forming a ternary complex with beta-cyclodextrin and citric acid and to formulate its mouth-dissolving tablets. The rationale for preparing mouth-dissolving tablet of carvedilol was to make the drug available in a soluble form in the mouth, which would facilitate its absorption from the buccal cavity. This would help to overcome its first-pass metabolism and thereby improve bioavailability. Phase solubility studies revealed the ability of beta-cyclodextrin and citric acid to complex with carvedilol and significantly increase its solubility. Ternary complexation of carvedilol was carried out with beta-cyclodextrin and citric acid by physical mixing, kneading and spray drying methods and the prepared complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and complexation efficiency. The complex obtained by the spray drying method resulted in highest complexation efficiency and a 110-fold increase in the solubility of carvedilol. The mouth-dissolving tablets formulated using the spray dried complex with suitable excipients showed 100 % dissolution within five minutes. Accelerated stability studies of mouth-dissolving tablets carried out as per ICH guidelines revealed that the tablets were stable.
Ecotoxicology (2022)

Ecotoxicology offers a comprehensive overview of the science underpinning the recognition and management of environmental contamination. It describes the toxicology of environmental contaminants, the methods used for assessing their toxicity and ecological impacts, and approaches employed to mitigate pollution and ecological health risks globally. Chapters cover the latest advances in research, including genomics, natural toxins, endocrine disruption and the toxicology of radioactive substances. The second half of the book focuses on applications, such as cradle-to-grave effects of selected industries, legal and economic approaches to environmental regulation, ecological risk assessment, and contaminated site remediation. With short capsules written by invited experts, numerous case studies from around the world and further reading lists, this textbook is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate one-semester courses. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students and professionals. Online resources for instructors and students are also available.
A Better Dissolution Method for Ranitidine Tablets USP (2001)

Ranitidine tablets USP showed variable intra- and inter-lab dissolution results. In order to ascertain the reason for this behavior, ranitidine tablets USP produced by (BIPI) Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, and Zantac Tablets (brand of ranitidine USP), Glaxo Inc., Research Triangle, NC, were subjected to the compendia (USP) dissolution testing using paddle and basket apparatus. Two potencies of tablets 150 mg and 300 mg were tested. Comparison of BIPI tablets and matching Zantac tablets indicated that both brands of ranitidine tablets USP had similar dissolution behavior. When the basket apparatus was substituted for the paddle apparatus the overall rate and extent of tablet dissolution increased, while the individual tablet variability decreased. BIPI 150 mg tablets using the basket apparatus, but at reduced rotational speed of 30 rpm, showed increase in rate and extent of drug dissolved, with less individual tablet variability compared to the paddle apparatus at 50 rpm. The 300 mg tablet (30 rpm/basket apparatus) had an initial slower rate, but then rapidly equaled the paddle apparatus dissolution results, and had less individual tablet variability. Paddle apparatus tablet sinkers were used to prevent tablets from sticking to the bottom of the dissolution vessel. Overall dissolution for all tablets with sinkers showed a trend which was more rapid and complete than tablets without sinkers. Results showed that dissolution artifacts for ranitidine tablets could be reduced by the use of baskets or tablet sinkers.
Course Website as Potential Positive Impact of New Technologies on Higher Education Systems (2005)

The main category in the education system was to know how to read and write. In the future, however the backbone of the education system will be the optimal use of new technology to achieve the high quality and quantity of the product of education sectors. No doubt that the indication of literacy will not be the reading and writing any more but the level of ability to get the right piece of information in the shortest way and shortest time using the internet which will prove to be the 21st century equivalent of the calculator. Adding technology to education system has been a top priority at a lot of institutions since the use of the technology in the education sector is no more an option but it is a strategy. There is a lot of universities and schools that have adopted the technology in the learning environment. The starting point was with virtual course then virtual class and virtual colleges and finally virtual universities. Adopting the new technologies can change the traditional teacher centered approach to student centered approach, and thus may contribute so much to improving the quality of the learning environment. In this paper, the main point is how to use the new technology, namely the course website, for the sake of effective and high quality learning in engineering schools. It has mentioned one example which is the website of an engineering course, mechanical vibrations, of King Abdulaziz University to show the main characteristics of the active and dynamic course website
Sputtering Yield of Carbon Atoms in Organic Materials for Oxygen Bombardment (1984)

Etching mechanisms for organic materials in oxygen ion‐beam etching has been discussed in terms of sputtering yield of carbon atoms. The sputtering yield, which is defined by the number of sputtered carbon atoms per ion, exceeds the value of 2 under high oxygen pressure conditions. Mass analysis indicates that the final product during etching is . The main reaction for carbon consumption is assumed as being , where the term expresses the reaction with neutral oxygen molecules. Net sputtering yield is expressed by three factors; physical sputtering, chemical reaction with accelerated oxygen ions, and the ion‐assisted reaction with neutral oxygen molecules. The etching model, considering the ion‐assisted reaction, qualitatively explains the increase in sputtering yield with decreasing acceleration energy (decreasing current density) and with increasing oxygen pressure.
Sex disparities in the management of coronary heart disease in general practices in Australia (2019)

Gaps in preventative management including prescription of indicated medications and risk factor monitoring have been reported from the late 1990s and this large-scale general practice data analysis indicate they still persist. Moreover, the gap is larger in women compared to men. We need new ways to address these gaps and the sex inequity.
Cloud Point Extraction (2017)

Approaches for analytical-scale extraction are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput, to minimize material use in laboratory methods, and to develop on-site capabilities. In this contribution, definitions and recommendations for symbols for the terms used in analytical extraction are presented. Exhaustive, microextraction, elevated temperature, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted, parallel batch, flow through systems, and membrane extraction approaches are discussed. An associated tutorial titled “Extraction” provides a detailed introduction to the topic.
Effective and Efficient Methodologies for Social Network Analysis (2007)

Performing social network analysis (SNA) requires a set of powerful techniques to analyze structural information contained in interactions between social entities. Many SNA technologies and methodologies have been developed and have successfully provided significant insights for small-scale interactions. However, these techniques are not suitable for analyzing large social networks, which are very popular and important in various fields and have special structural properties that cannot be obtained from small networks or their analyses. There are a number of issues that need to be further studied in the design of current SNA techniques. A number of key issues can be embodied in three fundamental and critical challenges: long processing time, large computational resource requirements, and network dynamism. In order to address these challenges, we discuss an anytime-anywhere methodology based on a parallel/distributed computational framework to effectively and efficiently analyze large and dynamic social networks. In our methodology, large social networks are decomposed into intra-related smaller parts. A coarse-level of network analysis is built based on comprehensively analyzing each part. The partial analysis results are incrementally refined over time. Also, during the analyses process, network dynamic changes are effectively and efficiently adapted based on the obtained results. In order to evaluate and validate our methodology, we implement our methodology for a set of SNA metrics which are significant for SNA applications and cover a wide range of difficulties. Through rigorous theoretical and experimental analyses, we demonstrate that our anytime-anywhere methodology is an effective and efficient approach for large and dynamic social network analysis. iii