gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simplified contactless method for outdoor photoluminescence imaging (2019)

Outdoor inspection of solar modules is essential for monitoring performance in the field. Luminescence imaging has been proven to be one of the most efficient characterization techniques for solar modules. Recently, we proposed a contactless method to perform outdoor photoluminescence imaging of modules in the presence of sunlight. This paper discusses the incompatibility of the previously presented method with systems featuring module-level maximum power point tracking and proposes a new simplified contactless measurement method that is compatible with all inverter types.
Understanding the Impact of Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) on the Light Induced Degradation (LID) of Mono and Multi Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2015)

Highly efficient and cost-effective solar cells are needed to make solar electricity more competetive with other sources. The reliability of solar cell is also important for sustainability of the power output over a long period of time, &gt; 25 years. This entails the reverse saturation current density (J02) of the cell as well as the ideality factor (n-factor) of &lt;10-8 A/cm2 and &lt;1.1, respectively. In this paper, we report on the effect of n-factor, resulting from varying belt speed, on the light induced degradation of full aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) solar cell on monocrystalline silicon. A commercial solar cell with ideality factor of 1.1 showed light induced degradation (LID) of ~0.8%absolute compared to the one with n-factor of only 1.06, which showed &lt;0.2%absolute degradation after 24 hours. The study shows that the LID is a function of the belt speed of the infrared belt furnace. The higher the belt speed, the lower the LID. This suggests that there is an optimum belt speed where the n-factor will be &lt;1.02 such that the degradation can be completely eliminated. For multicrystalline, there was no degradation in efficiency after 30 minutes light soaking for belt speeds of 350 and 400 IPM. Also, the minority carrier lifetime for the multicrystalline cells increased as the belt speed increased.
Visceral fat accumulation is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (2014)

Visceral fat accumulation was independently associated with the presence of cerebral SVD in subjects without a history of symptomatic cerebrovascular disease.
Crystal structure of 4-({(1E,2E)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl]allylidene}amino)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (2015)

The asymmetric unit of the titled compound, C22H20FN5S, comprises two independent mol-ecules (A and B), both of which have a trans conformation with respect to the methene C=C [1.342 (2) and 1.335 (2) Å] and the acyclic N=C [1.283 (2) and 1.281 (2) Å] bonds. In mol-ecule A, the triazole ring makes dihedral angles of 55.01 (12) and 18.17 (9)° with the benzene and indole rings, respectively. The corresponding dihedral angles for mol-ecule B are 54.54 (11) and 14.60 (10)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are consolidated into -A-B-A-B- chains along [010] via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The chains are further linked into layers parallel to the ac plane via π-π inter-actions involving inversion-related triazole rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.3436 (11)-3.4792 (13) Å].
All-optical label swapping with wavelength conversion for WDM-IP networks with subcarrier multiplexed addressing (1999)

We report the first demonstration of all-optical label swapping with wavelength conversion and subcarrier multiplexed addressing for WDR IP. This demonstration utilizes a module which is based on cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength converters that perform the functions of label removal, label rewriting, payload 2R regeneration and double sideband subcarrier label regeneration. Replacement of double-sideband subcarrier labels on a hop-by-hop basis addresses the problem of dispersion induced fading in a multihop fiber network. A direct detection subcarrier receiver is used to recover the label. Switching over four wavelengths covering 16 nn is demonstrated with noninverting wavelength conversion of 2.5-Gb/s payloads and burst mode recovery of 10-Mb/s labels. BER measurements of better than 10/sup -9/ for the wavelength-converted payload and rewritten labels at all wavelengths are presented.
Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide (2014)

Abstract An electrical effect, the supercapacitive swing adsorption (SSA) effect is reported, which allows for reversible adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide by capacitive charge and discharge of electrically conducting porous carbon materials. The SSA effect can be observed when an electrically conducting, nanoporous carbon material is brought into contact with carbon dioxide gas and an aqueous electrolyte. Charging the supercapacitor electrodes initiates the spontaneous organization of electrolyte ions into an electric double layer at the surface of each porous electrode. The presence of this double layer leads to reversible, selective uptake and release of the CO 2 as the supercapacitor is charged and discharged.
Somatic mutations and T-cell clonality in patients with immunodeficiency (2019)

Common variable immunodeficiency and other late-onset immunodeficiencies often co-manifest with autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. The pathogenesis of most cases is elusive, as only a minor subset harbors known monogenic germline causes. The involvement of both B and T cells is however implicated. To study whether somatic mutations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associate with immunodeficiency, we recruited 17 patients and 21 healthy controls. Eight patients had late-onset common variable immunodeficiency and nine patients other immunodeficiency and/or severe autoimmunity. In total, autoimmunity occurred in 94% and lymphoproliferation in 65%. We performed deep sequencing of 2533 immune-associated genes from CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Deep T-cell receptor beta sequencing was used to characterize CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell receptor repertoires. The prevalence of somatic mutations was 65% in all immunodeficiency patients, 75% in common variable immunodeficiency and 48% in controls. Clonal hematopoiesis-associated variants in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells occurred in 24% of immunodeficiency patients. Results demonstrated mutations in known tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and genes that are critical for immune- and proliferative functions, such as STAT5B (two patients), C5AR1 (two patients), KRAS (one patient), and NOD2 (one patient). Additionally, as a marker of T-cell receptor repertoire perturbation, common variable immunodeficiency patients harbored increased frequencies of clones with identical complementarity determining region 3 sequences despite unique nucleotide sequences when compared to controls. In conclusion, somatic mutations in genes implicated for autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation are common in CD4+ and CD8+ cells of patients with immunodeficiency. They may contribute to immune dysregulation in a subset of immunodeficiency patients.
Search for a light Higgs boson at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider (1990)

We have searched for a light standard-model Higgs boson produced in association with an intermediate vector boson at the Fermilab proton-antiproton collider operating at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV. The search was made by looking for an excess of isolated high-transverse-momentum charged-track pairs in $W$ and $Z$ events. A Higgs boson with a mass ${m}_{H}$ in the intervals $2{m}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;818$ MeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$, and $846 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{{c}^{2}}&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;2{m}_{K}$ is excluded at 90% C.L.
Effect of Organic Acids on Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Broiler Chickens (2013)

An alternative to antibiotics is the use of certain organic acids for routinely encountered pathogens in the poultry industry. Direct acidification of drinking water with organic acids could significantly reduce the amount of recoverable Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) from the crop and cecal tonsils when used during the pre-slaughter feed withdrawal period. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo evaluations were conducted to compare a commercially available water acidifier (Optimizer ), versus two formulations of organic acid mix ® (OAM), made up of of acetic, citric and propionic acids at a final concentration of either 0.031% or 0.062%, to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium in the crop and cecal tonsils of broiler chicks during a 24 h period. The two OAM showed better in vitro activity to reduce Salmonella when compared to control. In vivo, the OAM (0.062%) had a similar effect as Optimizer showing a significant reduction in total number of ST positive ® cecal tonsils, and reducing the number of ST in the crop when compared with controls (P < 0.05). All treatments reduced the number of ST recovered from crop contents at 24 h. This new formulation of OAM has great potential as a crop sanitizer and will be further evaluated under conditions similar to commercial chickens.
Effects on Boiler Efficiency Standards of Pulverizing Coal (2011)

This paper examines the effects of particle size on the calorific value of hydrocarbons, shedding light on the thermodynamics of pulverizing coal in a commercial power plant. Both laboratory testing results and energy balances around an actual pulverizer are presented. Although tacitly known to any power plant engineer, efficient combustion is seen in two parts: preparation of the material’s surface/mass ratio, and then its combustion with the proper air/fuel mix and associated mechanics. This work attempts to put a thermodynamic face on the first part. A theory is presented which demonstrates that a hydrocarbon’s surface/mass ratio affects its potential to release its full chemical energy. This theory has been generally supported in this work by laboratory testing of pure substances; however this testing was not conclusive and should be repeated. If an optimum surface/mass is not achieved, unburned combustibles will result — and this regardless of subsequent air/fuel mixtures and/or burner sophistications. This work is suggests that a unique optimum surface/mass ratio exists for each hydrocarbon substance (and coal Rank); that once its full potential is reached, a higher ratio provides no further benefit. Since surface tension describes a material’s free energy, an aspect of surface tension, termed hydrogen bonding free energy, was shown to relate to the A¨calorific value penalty associated with non-optimum surface/mass ratio. A correlation was developed relating surface/mass ratio to observed an A¨calorific value penalty and hydrogen bonding free energy. This correlation’s form may be applied to coal if supported with additional research. The impetus for this work was the ASME Performance Test Code 4’s allowance of pulverizer shaft power to influence boiler efficiency’s “credit” term, thus affecting efficiency. It was demonstrated that surface/ mass affects calorific value and thus efficiency. However, there is no observable difference between grinding a hydrocarbon to a given surface/mass ratio, versus manufactured spheres. Although laboratory preparation of coal samples should emulate pulverizer action, this work suggests that a renewed and careful review of laboratory procedures is required. Recommendations are provided for critique and debate.
TeleMed: A distributed virtual patient record system (1996)

TeleMed is a distributed diagnosis and analysis system, which permits physicians who are not collocated to consult on the status of a patient. The patient`s record is dynamically constructed from data that may reside at several sites but which can be quickly assembled for viewing by pointing to the patient`s name. Then, a graphical patient record appears, through which consulting physicians can retrieve textual and radiographic data with a single mouse click. TeleMed uses modern distributed object technology and emerging telecollaboration tools. The authors describe in this paper some of the motivation for this change, what they mean by a virtual patient record, and some results of some early implementations of a virtual patient record.
A Kinetic Model for Selective Ethene Trimerization to 1‐Hexene by a Novel Chromium Catalyst System (2010)

Abstract A numerical model for the kinetics of the selective trimerization of ethene to 1‐hexene has been developed on the basis of mechanistic investigations and extensive experimental parameter studies. The reaction is catalyzed by a homogeneous catalyst system, comprising the chromium source [CrCl 3 (thf) 3 ], a Ph 2 PN( i Pr)P(Ph)N( i Pr)H ligand, and triethylaluminum as activator. The kinetic model is designed as a tool for laboratory data evaluation, design and planning of meaningful experiments in the multidimensional parameter space, and parameter identification, and, moreover, it includes all features needed to eventually facilitate the transfer of the laboratory results into the technical environment. In particular, the model is designed to deliver the intrinsic chemical kinetics of the homogeneous catalytic system and to rule out any undetected influence of phase‐transfer limitations. Key kinetic parameters are determined by fitting the numerical simulations to the experimental results. In general, the model calculations and experimental data are in excellent agreement. In conjunction with mechanistic investigations, the model helps to elucidate the complex reaction network.
Economic-engineering energy-demand model for the pulp and paper industry. Phase I report (1979)

The first phase of a project to develop an economic-engineering energy demand model for the paper industry has been completed. The Phase I model has four components: (1) a paper demand submodel; (2) a pulp and paper process submodel; (3) a fuel-share submodel; and (4) an energy-conversion submodel. The report begins with a brief discussion of the structure and technology of the industry. After the details of the four submodels are presented, the results of the model are compared to historical data. The report concludes with a reference energy demand forecast, sensitivity analysis, and an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the model. Typical results for the Phase I model are as follows. Conservation causes the growth rates for all purchased fuels to be less than the growth rate for paper production. The demand for coal grows more rapidly than the demand for petroleum but petroleum remains the dominant purchased fuel. Demand for natural gas decreases but natural gas provides more energy than coal through 1990. Conservation of steam and an increased demand for electricity cause a decrease in the growth rate of electricity produced by cogeneration and an increase in the growth rate for purchased electricity.
Electromagnetic modes in metal-insulator-metal structures (2001)

Metal-dielectric-metal structures are constructed by depositing Ag films on ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ thin films that coat Ag surfaces. The reflectance of such structures was measured for several angles of incidence in the 1--5-eV spectral range. The minima observed in the reflectance are due to the excitation of electromagnetic modes inside an optical cavity. These observed electromagnetic modes are discussed and compared to computed dispersion.
Control current and relative stability of peak current-mode controlled pulse-width modulated dc–dc converters without slope compensation (2010)

General equation for the control current for the inner-current loop of pulse-width modulated (PWM) dc–dc power converters with peak current-mode control without slope compensation is derived. Derivations of expressions for the control current as functions of duty cycle and phase margin at power stage specifications for buck, boost and buck–boost dc–dc converters in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are presented. Relative stability of the inner-current loop without slope compensation was analysed. Experimental and Saber simulation results for a buck converter with the inner-current loop are presented to validate the theory presented. The results obtained can be used to determine the range of control voltage required by the inner loop, to select a proper value of sense resistance, and to design the control circuit in the outer-voltage loop of peak current-mode controlled PWM DC–DC converters. It is shown that the phase margin of the inner loop is 0° at a duty cycle value of 0.5 and increases as the duty cycle decreases.
Self-assembled mesoporous CoO nanodisks as a long-life anode material for lithium-ion batteries (2012)

Even after a decade of intensive efforts, achieving conversion-type anode materials with superior stability via a simple process still remains a great challenge. This work describes a facile solution process at room temperature combined with subsequent annealing to prepare unprecedented self-assembled mesoporous CoO nanodisks on a large scale. The hierarchically nanostructured CoO assemblies consist of orderly self-stacked mesoporous nanodisks of less than 10 nm in thickness and 3–5 μm in diameter. Each CoO nanodisk is built up by extremely fine primary nanoparticles (∼5 nm). When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the synergistic effects of the unique nanoarchitectures endow the self-assembled CoO nanodisks with superior electrochemical performances, including a high reversible lithium storage capacity (1118.6 mA h g−1 after 50 discharge–charge cycles at 200 mA g−1) and excellent cycling performance (633.5 mA h g−1 after 400 discharge–charge cycles at 800 mA g−1).
Performance comparison of AV1, HEVC, and JVET video codecs on 360 (spherical) video (2017)

This paper compares the coding efficiency performance on 360 videos, of three software codecs: (a) AV1 video codec from the Alliance for Open Media (AOM); (b) the HEVC Reference Software HM; and (c) the JVET JEM Reference SW. Note that 360 video is especially challenging content, in that one codes full res globally, but typically looks locally (in a viewport), which magnifies errors. These are tested in two different projection formats ERP and RSP, to check consistency. Performance is tabulated for 1-pass encoding on two fronts: (1) objective performance based on end-to-end (E2E) metrics such as SPSNR-NN, and WS-PSNR, currently developed in the JVET committee; and (2) informal subjective assessment of static viewports. Constant quality encoding is performed with all the three codecs for an unbiased comparison of the core coding tools. Our general conclusion is that under constant quality coding, AV1 underperforms HEVC, which underperforms JVET. We also test with rate control, where AV1 currently underperforms the open source X265 HEVC codec. Objective and visual evidence is provided.
English-Myanmar Supervised and Unsupervised NMT: NICT’s Machine Translation Systems at WAT-2019 (2019)

This paper presents the NICT's participation (team ID: NICT) in the 6th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT-2019) shared translation task, specifically Myanmar (Burmese) -English task in both translation directions. We built neural machine translation (NMT) systems for these tasks. Our NMT systems were trained with language model pretraining. Back-translation technology is adopted to NMT. Our NMT systems rank the third in English-to-Myanmar and the second in Myanmar-to-English according to BLEU score.
Towards machine learning for moral choice analysis in health economics: A literature review and research agenda (2023)

By providing a research agenda, this paper highlights that ML has clear potential to i) find and deepen the utility specification of DCMs, and ii) enrich the insights extracted from DCMs by considering the intrapersonal determinants of moral decision-making.
O6-benzylguanine and its role in chemotherapy. (1997)

The presence of the DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in tumor cells is a significant source of resistance to chemotherapeutic alkylnitrosoureas and alkyltriazenes. O6-Benzylguanine provides a means to effectively inactivate the AGT protein and increase the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of chloroethylating and methylating agents in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models. Phase I clinical trials of the combination of O6-benzylguanine and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea are ongoing. Efforts directed at overcoming potential enhanced hematopoietic toxicity and mutagenicity have included the use of gene therapy to express an alkyltransferase gene in the relevant marrow stem cells. Altered AGT proteins resistant to O6-benzylguanine generated from point mutations in the mammalian alkyltransferase gene have been expressed in animal models using retroviral transduction techniques. It is anticipated that the successful application of this approach in humans may provide a means to increase the therapeutic index of O6-benzylguanine and 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.
Alteration of Gene Expression in Macroscopically Normal Colonic Mucosa from Individuals with a Family History of Sporadic Colon Cancer (2005)

Molecular abnormalities that precede the appearance of adenomatous polyp are present in the MNCM of individuals who have a family history of colon cancer. This observation raises the possibility of screening for individuals who are at an increased risk of developing colon cancer by analysis of gene expression in rectosigmoid biopsy samples. To assess this possibility, prospective studies will be needed to determine whether or not altered gene expression is associated with the subsequent development of adenomatous polyps and/ or colonic carcinomas.
Structure/permeability relationships of polyamide‐imides (1994)

Abstract Structure/permeability correlations for a family of aromatic polyamide‐imides are presented. The variations in chemical structure lead to significant changes in permeability. The crystallization of PAP results in a very low permeability. The introduction of bulky group tends to increase permeability without a corresponding decrease in permselectivity. This result contributes to the inhibition of chain packing and segmental mobility. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements of average segmental spacing of the materials and fractional free volume calculations characterize the packing of the different polymers. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
50-fs pulse generation from a self-starting cw passively mode-locked Cr:LiSrAlF_6 laser (1992)

The generation of 50-fs pulses from a continuous-wave, argon-ion-pumped self-starting Cr:LiSrAlF6 laser, passively mode locked using a saturable absorber, is reported for what is to our knowledge the first time.
Optical Spectrum of CoF2 (1968)

The polarized absorption of Co${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been studied from 0.4 to 2.0 \ensuremath{\mu}. The spectrum consists of sharp magnetic-dipole lines followed on the high-energy side by structure with electric-dipole polarization. The $^{4}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5}^{+}$ spin-allowed transition in the infrared is found to have magnetic-dipole-polarized magnon sidebands. The spin-forbidden transitions have magnon sidebands with electric-dipole polarization. Sidebands resulting from the simultaneous absorption of optical and low-energy excitons are also observed. The magnetic-field and temperature dependence of the absorption lines are reported.