gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats (2021)

A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham-irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions.
Constructing Test cases using Natural Language Processing (2017)

Testing of product is perform to discover or detect the errors and defects in the developed system. But testing is usually time consuming especially when complex projects are canvass. Testing of a product lead off with generation of test cases. The Test case generation are based on three parts coding, design and specification. The Specification based testing deals with generation of test cases from the functional requirements. The proposed system deals with automatic generation of test cases from functional requirement using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The proposed system constructs test cases based on keywords in context from functional requirement of Software Requirement Specification document. The proposed system is beneficial as it can automatically analyze the functional requirement from Software Requirement Specification in order to extract test cases for testing. The goal of the proposed system is to reduce effort and time consumed by software tester to test the product.
A Generalization of the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) Method: Masked-MLEM (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In our previous work on image reconstruction for single-layer collimatorless scintigraphy, we introduced the min-min weighted robust least squares (WRLS) optimization algorithm to address the challenge of reconstructing images when both the system matrix and the projection data are uncertain. Whereas the WRLS algorithm has been successful in two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction, expanding it to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is difficult since the WRLS optimization problem is neither smooth nor strongly-convex. To overcome these difficulties and achieve robust image reconstruction in the presence of system uncertainties and projection noise, we propose a generalized iterative method based on the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm, hereinafter referred to as the Masked-MLEM algorithm. In the Masked-MLEM algorithm, only selected subsets (``masks'') in the system matrix and the projection contribute to the image update to satisfy the constraints imposed by the system uncertainties. We validate the Masked-MLEM algorithm and compare it to the standard MLEM algorithm using data from both collimated and uncollimated imaging instruments, including parallel-hole collimated SPECT, 2D collimatorless scintigraphy, and 3D collimatorless tomography. The results show that the Masked-MLEM and standard MLEM reconstructions are similar in SPECT imaging, while the Masked-MLEM algorithm outperforms the standard MLEM algorithm in collimatorless imaging. A good choice of system uncertainty can make the Masked-MLEM reconstruction more robust than the standard MLEM reconstruction, effectively reducing the likelihood of reconstructing higher activities in regions without radioactive sources.&lt;/p&gt;
Placing Forestry in the Assisted Migration Debate (2012)

Assisted migration (AM) is often presented as a strategy to save species that are imminently threatened by rapid climate change. This conception of AM, which has generated considerable controversy, typically proposes the movement of narrowly distributed, threatened species to suitable sites beyond their current range limits. However, existing North American forestry operations present an opportunity to practice AM on a larger scale, across millions of hectares, with a focus on moving populations of widely distributed, nonthreatened tree species within their current range limits. Despite these differences (and many others detailed herein), these two conceptions of AM have not been clearly distinguished in the literature, which has added confusion to recent dialogue and debate. Here, we aim to facilitate clearer communication on this topic by detailing this distinction and encouraging a more nuanced view of AM.
Laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid resection. (1991)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been widely accepted, and because of its many benefits, other intra-abdominal operations are now being done laparoscopically. We felt the next step in the evolution of laparoscopic surgery could be bowel resection. This paper presents two cases of laparoscopic sigmoid resection and a detailed description of the technique. Included in the technique is the use of prototype endoscopic stapling devices to divide the mesentery and bowel. The two most difficult technical decisions involved the methods for specimen removal and for completing the anastomosis. The specimen was removed through a muscle splitting incision in the left lower quadrant, positioned as a mirror image of a standard appendectomy incision. The anvil of the CEEA (end-to-end) stapler was also position in the proximal colon through this incision; the anastomosis was completed with the CEEA stapler.
Triphenylamine-Cored Bifunctional Organic Molecules for Two-Photon Absorption and Photorefraction (2004)

Multiarmed nonlinear optical (NLO) molecules containing triphenylamine as a core and 4-(2-ethylhexylsulfonyl)benzene-(1E)-2-vinyl group or 4-{2-[4-(2-ethylhexylsulfonyl)phenyl]-(1E)-vinyl}benzene-(1E)-2-vinyl group as arms were synthesized (STEH series and SSEH series, respectively). Because triphenylamine linked to the sulfonylated stilbenic arms provided effective push−pull NLO structure and strong 2-D charge transfer, they were capable of both two-photon absorption (TPA) and photorefraction. Effective TPA cross sections of these molecules were as high as 0.94 × 10-46 cm4·s and significantly enhanced as the number of arms and conjugation length increased. One- and two-armed STEH molecules (STEH1 and STEH2) showed moderate two-beam coupling gain coefficients (13.4 cm-1 at 45 V/μm and 17.4 cm-1 at 55 V/μm, respectively) and distinct diffraction efficiency (0.45% at 40 V/μm and 0.55% at 55 V/μm). On the other hand, the centrosymmetric three-armed STEH molecule exhibited no photorefraction at all. It is importantly claimed that the multiarmed bifunctional molecules of this work are easily fabricated into optically clear amorphous films by themselves, which is a key advantage toward potential applications such as solid-state optical limiting devices and two-photon excited photorefractive materials.
On the noncatalytic proteins of membrane systems. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Quality Control during Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Monitoring Aneurysmal Sac Pressure and Superficial Femoral Artery Flow Velocity (1999)

Purpose: To use intraoperative aneurysmal sac pressure measurement and flow monitoring of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) to ensure complete exclusion of the aneurysm from the circulation. Methods: A 5F catheter was positioned in the aneurysmal sac of 15 consecutive patients undergoing endovascular aortomonoiliac aneurysm repair between February and September 1997. The catheter was connected to an external pressure transducer allowing pressure monitoring throughout the operation and for 24 hours postprocedurally. Flow velocity was monitored in the contralateral SFA by insonation with a 2-MHz Doppler ultrasound probe. Results: No technical defect was observed in the deployment of 10 endografts, which demonstrated marked reduction in sac pressure and good flow in the lower limb. The mean aneurysm pressure dropped from 123 to 57 mmHg after graft insertion. In 5 cases, monitoring detected problems during the endograft procedure. In 3, incomplete stent deployment was detected by a failure of sac pressure to fall following stent inflation and by the presence of flow in the contralateral femoral artery. In the other 2 cases, a distal endoleak was detected by direct injection of contrast into the sac. Conclusions: Measuring aneurysm pressure in combination with SFA Doppler flow monitoring can detect complications of endovascular aneurysm repair.
Implementation of delegation in distributed network administration (2002)

The paper describes an implementation model for network administration based on the concept of delegation. With delegation, management functions are distributed across the network, as close to the managed resources as possible, and most decisions are taken locally. Development, activation and control of management programs is done remotely from an administration platform. The implementation of the delegation platform is based on the Caml-Light language. Caml-Light is a pragmatic functional programming language. It is enhanced to support remote execution concurrency and management specific libraries. The result is a powerful, yet unobtrusive package to perform efficient and reliable network management tasks. The management applications supported by the delegation mechanism range from the administration of Unix configuration files to more sophisticated usage such as management tasks which monitor resources on a network entity and dynamically takes actions to control such resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Viscosity and Microscopic Dynamics in Concentrated Suspensions of Colloidal Microgels (2015)

International audience
The Corrosion Protection Performance of the Polyurethane Coatings Containing Surface Modified Fe2O3 Nanoparticles (2015)

Fe2O3 nanoparticles were modified with 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS) by a sol-gel method. The surface chemistry of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful grafting of the organic functional groups of APTMS onto the nanoparticle. Polyurethane composites were prepared by the incorporation of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of modified and unmodified Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the composites and distribution of the nanoparticles were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The composites were applied on the mild steel substrates. The adhesion strength of the composites was determined by a pull-off adhesion tester. The effect of nanoparticles on the electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of the coatings was investigated in a 3.5% NaCl solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a salt spray test. Results showed that incorporation of 2 wt% modified Fe2O3 nanoparticles significantly improved the corrosion resistance and recovery adhesion strength of the polyurethane coating compared to the blank coating and the one containing unmodified nanoparticles.
Creation and validation of the “myMPN” prospective patient registry of myeloproliferative neoplasm patients. (2018)

e19031 Background: The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a rare hematologic malignancy with significant symptom burden. Disease-related registries can be a useful and important tool for rare disease research and surveillance. Aims: The MPN research foundation steering committee aimed to create a prospective patient-reported MPN registry to capture demographics, disease related events, and symptom burden. Methods: Using the Genetic Alliance platform, an online registry was created which assessed MPN patients’ baseline demographics and disease history with prospective patient-reported disease events and symptom burden. 50 MPN patients assisted with registry beta testing. Survey registration information was disseminated among multiple MPN-related websites. Results: Accrual: A total of 454 MPN patients initiated the online registry process. Of these, 355 individuals completed introductory demographic and disease information. Respondents were predominantly female (63.7%). Disease-related information: The disease distribution of participants included 45% with essential thrombocythemia, 39% with polycythemia vera, and 12% with myelofibrosis. Most frequent therapies included aspirin (75.5%), hydroxyurea (42.1%), JAK inhibitor (17.6%), or no therapies (9.9%). To date, 436 surveys were logged reporting 902 disease events by 303 users (Table 1). Disease Symptom Burden: At the time of data analysis, 250 participants completed a 418 MPN10 symptom surveys. Mean MPN10 score was 1.9 for ET, 2.3 for PV, and 1.9 for MF. Conclusions: An MPN patient registry has the capabilities of addressing key critical questions regarding MPN patient symptom and treatment needs. Its dynamic nature allows researchers and patient advocates to prospectively connect with individual patients regarding additional information and unmet needs in this rare population. Table 1. MyMPN Registry distribution of disease events. Blood Draw 37.3% Phlebotomy 14.2% Change to MPN Medicine 9.6% Bone Marrow Biopsy 6.9% Transfusion 4.8% Unplanned Hospital Stay 4.5% Outpatient Procedure 3.8% Change in MPN Diagnosis 3.3% Thrombotic or Bleeding Events 2.4% Planned Hospital Stay 1.1% Pregnancy 0.2% Splenectomy 0.1%
On Optimization of Joint Channel Assignment and Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

In multi-channel multi-interface mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), channel assignment and routing can be conducted jointly to improve network capacity. In this paper, we first extend an existing joint channel assignment and routing scheme (J-CAR) to support bidirectional path setup. Compared with unidirectional path setup schemes, the amount of broadcast control traffic and path setup delay is roughly halved. Then, a new channel interference index is designed to facilitate channel selection at each hop. Since both distance and the number of interfering sources are considered, the new interference index allows channels with better quality to be selected first. To further improve network capacity, the loading in the network should be balanced. To this end, a new length-constrained widest-path routing algorithm is designed, where the "width" of a path is determined by the interference level of its bottleneck link. With an adjustable threshold on the path length (with respect to the shortest path), the excessively long path can also be avoided. Simulation results show that, due to the improved load balancing and channel selection performance, our new joint channel assignment and routing algorithm (J-CAR/widest) outperforms the existing J-CAR and its two variants (J-CAR+index and J-CAR+widest) by delivering higher system goodputs and lower end-to-end packet delays.
Newer Vascular Targets (2008)

The identification of cell-surface markers expressed selectively by tumor vasculature is challenging. To get as close to the human disease as possible, investigators have isolated endothelial cells from fresh human tumor specimens and subjected them to RNA-based gene-expression analysis. The data indicate that there are few proteins that distinguish tumor vasculature from normal vasculature and re-enforce the notion that the endothelium is a tissue specialized cell type. Endosialin and tumor endothelial marker 7 (TEM 7) were identified as a cell-surface TEMs. The selective expression of endosialin and TEM 7 by tumor vasculature and stroma has been confirmed. Although the function of endosialin and TEM 7 remains to be elucidated, the expression pattern for this protein may be favorable for cancer therapy. PRL-3 was also identified by SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) as a TEM. PRL-3 is an intracellular phosphatase that is expressed not only in tumor vasculature but in aggressive disease. SAGE analysis of subpopulations of tumors has provided useful leads for new vascular targets. It remains to the basic scientists to elucidate the function of these proteins and to the “drug hunters” to determine whether these targets can be used in therapeutically meaningful ways.
Development of Quinoline-Based Theranostic Ligands for the Targeting of Fibroblast Activation Protein (2018)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and is involved in a variety of tumor-promoting activities such as matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and immunosuppression. Because FAP shows low expression in most normal organs, it presents an interesting target for imaging and endoradiotherapy. In this investigation, FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) were modified and optimized for use as theranostic tracers. <b>Methods:</b> FAPIs based on a quinoline structure were synthesized and characterized with respect to binding, internalization, and efflux in cells expressing human and murine FAP as well as CD26. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in tumor-bearing animals with biodistribution experiments and small-animal PET. Finally, a proof-of-concept approach toward imaging and therapy was chosen for 2 patients with metastasized breast cancer. <b>Results:</b> Of 15 synthesized FAPIs, FAPI-04 was identified as the most promising tracer for clinical application. Compared with the previously published ligand, FAPI-02, FAPI-04 showed excellent stability in human serum, higher affinity for FAP as opposed to CD26, and slower excretion in vitro. In vivo, a higher SUV was reached in tumor-bearing animals, leading to larger areas under the curve as calculated from biodistribution experiments. Finally, PET/CT scans with <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 in 2 patients with metastasized breast cancer revealed high tracer uptake in metastases and a reduction in pain symptoms after therapy with a considerably low dose of <sup>90</sup>Y-FAPI-04. <b>Conclusion:</b> FAPI-04 represents a promising tracer for both diagnostic imaging and, possibly, targeted therapy of malignant tumors with a high content of activated fibroblasts, such as breast cancer.
Psychiatric disease as a risk factor in fast-track hip and knee replacement (2016)

Recent studies suggest that patients with psychiatric disorders tend to do worse than patients without a psychiatric diagnosis when undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Whether this is due to their psychiatric condition, pharmacological treatment, a combination of the two, or something else has not been thoroughly analyzed-and there are no internationally accepted guidelines for perioperative management of psychiatric patients. This overview summarizes our current knowledge on perioperative risks in patients with preoperative psychiatric disorders and the possible role of psychotropic drugs in the perioperative course. This will be useful when planning future strategies for improvement of surgical outcome following hip and knee arthroplasty.
A MEMS device for measurement of skin friction with capacitive sensing (2002)

A microfabricated floating-element sensor for the measurement of wall shear stress is developed. The design objective is to measure shear stress in the range of 0.1 to 2 Pa, with a spatial resolution of O(100 /spl mu/m). The sensor is micromachined in an ultra-thin silicon wafer using wafer bonding and DRIE techniques. Preliminary test results have been obtained by applying an electrostatic force to the sensor instead of a fluid force. The floating element deflection is then measured using direct and differential capacitance techniques as well as an optical method for additional confirmation of the results. These test results have been compared to theoretical simulations using MEMCAD software. The results show that with this sensor design it is possible to measure a shear force as small as 5 nN /spl plusmn/ 0.5 nN, corresponding to a shear stress level of 0.05 Pa /spl plusmn/ 0.005 Pa.
Elastically Driven Linker Aggregation between Two Semiflexible Polyelectrolytes (2001)

The behavior of mobile linkers connecting two semiflexible charged polymers, such as polyvalent counterions connecting DNA or F-actin chains, is studied theoretically. The chain bending rigidity induces an effective repulsion between linkers at large distances while the interchain electrostatic repulsion leads to an effective short-range interlinker attraction. We find a rounded phase transition from a dilute linker gas where the chains form large loops between linkers to a dense disordered linker fluid connecting parallel chains. The onset of chain pairing occurs within the rounded transition.
The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes (2021)

Gitelman's (GS) and Bartter's (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care.
Investigation of Increased Photorefractive Damage Resistance in LiNbO3 by Two-Wave Mixing Measurements (1996)

The increase in photorefractive damage resistance in both MgO-doped and nondoped Li-deficient LiNbO 3 is studied by two wave mixing measurements. Holographic diffraction measurements demonstrated that crystals with high optical damage resistance increase photoconductivity and response time for erasing photorefractive grating. The erasure speed is linearly proportional to the MgO dopant and Li-site vacancy concentrations. The erasure time of holographic grating shows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature from which activation energy is obtained. We proposed an energy level model of the light-induced transport for LiNbO 3 :MgO dopants introduce donor levels 0.11 eV below the conduction band, whereas, Li-site vacancies in nondoped crystal introduce acceptor levels 0.29–0.44 eV above the valence band.