gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Characterization of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactams in Klebsiella oxytoca Isolates Recovered from Patients with Septicemia at Hospitals in the Stockholm Area (1999)

Two beta-lactamase gene regions were characterized by DNA sequencing in eight clinical isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca. The blaOXY-2a region encoded a beta-lactamase nearly identical to OXY-2 (one amino acid residue substituted) and conferred aztreonam and cefuroxime resistance on the K. oxytoca isolates. Overproduction of OXY-2a was caused by a G-to-A substitution of the fifth nucleotide in the -10 consensus sequence of blaOXY-2a. The blaOXY-1a was identified in a susceptible strain, and the OXY-1a enzyme differed from OXY-1 by two amino acid residues.
Study of excitonic superfluidity in Cu/sub 2/O (2002)

Summary form only given. The recent observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEG) in ultracold atoms has stirred a considerable renewal of interest for this effect. A gas of excitons or biexcitons in semiconductors provides another system where BEC has been observed. A particularly interesting aspect of an excitonic Bose-Einstein condensate concerns its propagation in the form of a superfluid. Excitonic superfluidity corresponds to a drag-free, wavelike flow of electronic excitation energy through a crystal. Experimental evidence for superfluidity of excitons in Cu/sub 2/O is presented.
Modélisation multiphysique d'un moteur synchrone à flux axial et à aimants permanents (2009)

ID = 522
Role of CTA in Women with Abdominal Scars Undergoing DIEP Breast Reconstruction: Review of 1,187 Flaps (2020)

DIEP flap reconstruction can be safely performed in women with prior abdominal surgery. However, these patients should be counseled that they are at an increased risk for donor-site wound breakdown and fat necrosis of the reconstructed breast. Preoperative CTA does not reduce complication rate, overall operative time, or time needed to dissect perforators in women with abdominal scars.
Measurement of latent cognitive abilities involved in concept identification learning (2015)

The PCET precisely measures latent abstraction ability in the Army STARRS sample, especially within the range of mildly impaired to average ability. This precision pattern is ideal for a test developed to measure cognitive impairment as opposed to cognitive strength. The PCET also measures latent set-shifting ability, but reliable assessment is limited to the impaired range of ability, reflecting that perseverative errors are rare among cognitively healthy adults. Integrating cognitive and psychometric models can provide information about construct validity and measurement precision within a single analytical framework.
Monte Carlo Model for Determination of the Role of Heat Generation in Laser-Irradiated Tissue (1997)

A Monte Carlo model is described for modeling photo propagation in a scattering medium. The fraction of locally absorbed photons is proportional to the local rate of heat generation in laser-irradiated tissue and the associated distribution of light (fluence rate) is obtained by dividing the rate of heat generation by the local absorption coefficient. Examples of computed distributions of the rate of heat generation are presented for situations where light scattering in tissue is important. The method is applied to analyze treatment of Port Wine Stain and the selection of laser wavelengths for cyclophotocoagulation.
Study of the Crack Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coatings after Laser Doping with Zirconium Oxide (2019)

In this paper we present the results of a study of crack resistance of a microarc oxidation coating (MAO) after laser doping with zirconium oxide. Crack resistance was determined by indentation with imprint imaging using atomic force microscopy. Laser doping with zirconium oxide was established to lead to a significant hardening of the MAO coating. The stress intensity factor increases by a factor of 2.7 while surface damage decreases by a factor of 2 compared with the initial MAO coating.
ESCA studies of polymers. XIII. Shake‐up phenomena in substituted polystyrenes (1977)

Abstract Shake‐up phenomena in a series of para ‐substituted polystyrenes have been studied by ESCA. Comparison with other spectroscopic data and with theoretical calculations within the sudden approximation, equivalent cores model, and CNDO SCF MO formalism identifies the shake‐up structures as arising predominantly from π * ← π transitions involving the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the pendant phenyl groups.
The effect of overcoats on the ablative writing characteristics of tellurium films (1981)

The change in the ablative writing sensitivity of Te films due to SiO2 and polymethyl methacrylate overcoats of various thicknesses were measured. These experimental data were compared to results of thermal calculations. We found that thermal losses of the absorbed laser energy to the overcoat layer is usually not negligible even for very thin (≲500 Å thick) overcoat layers. In addition to thermal effects which degrade the writing sensitivity of Te films, we found that rigid overcoats combined with rigid substrates can constrain the ablative writing process of Te and hence cause further degradation in the writing sensitivity and in the read-during-write signal.
V‐Shaped Organic Semiconductors With Solution Processability, High Mobility, and High Thermal Durability (2013)

V-shaped organic semiconductors have been designed and synthesized via a large-scale applicable synthetic route. Solution-crystallized films based on such molecules have demonstrated high-performance transistor properties with maximum mobilities of up to 9.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) as well as pronounced thermal durability of up to 150 °C inherent in the V-shaped cores.
Ion Exchange Strengthening of Nd Doped Phosphate Laser Glass (1988)

Recent advancements in high repetition rate and high average power laser systems have put increasing demands on the development of solid state laser materials with high thermal loading capabilities. We have investigated strengthening of commercially available Nd doped phosphate glass via an ion-exchange process. Introduction of a compressive layer to the glass' exterior surfaces through this exchange, results in dramatically improved (approximately 4–5x) thermal shock resistance for specific sample geometries. This resulting increase in strength was directly measured through thermal shock resistance tests. Our thermal shock test data showed extremely small (approximately ± 5%) standard deviations compared with data acquired through conventional mechanical fracture techniques. Additional topics investigated were strengthened layer thickness and effectiveness as a function of treatment time and the relationship of strengthening to the overall optical quality of the strengthened sample's surface.
Hydrogen Produced from Decomposition of Methanol During Engine Compression? (1976)

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COMPACT STARBURSTS IN $z\sim 3$–6 SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES REVEALED BY ALMA (2015)

We report the source size distribution, as measured by ALMA millimetric continuum imaging, of a sample of 13 AzTEC-selected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z_photo ~ 3-6. Their infrared luminosities and star-formation rates (SFR) are L_IR ~ 2-6 x 10^12 L_sun and ~ 200-600 M_sun yr-1, respectively. The size of z ~ 3-6 SMGs ranges from 0".10 to 0".38 with a median of 0".20+0".03-0".05 (FWHM), corresponding to a median circularized effective radius (Rc,e) of 0.67+0.13-0.14 kpc, comparable to the typical size of the stellar component measured in compact quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2 (cQGs) --- R ~ 1 kpc. The median surface SFR density of our z ~ 3-6 SMGs is 100+42-26 M_sun yr-1 kpc-2, comparable to that seen in local merger-driven (U)LIRGsrather than in extended disk galaxies at low and high redshifts. The discovery of compact starbursts in z >~ 3 SMGs strongly supports a massive galaxy formation scenario wherein z ~ 3-6 SMGs evolve into the compact stellar components of z ~ 2 cQGs. These cQGs are then thought to evolve into the most massive ellipticals in the local Universe, mostly via dry mergers. Our results thus suggest that z >~ 3 SMGs are the likely progenitors of massive local ellipticals, via cQGs, meaning that we can now trace the evolutionary path of the most massive galaxies over a period encompassing ~ 90% of the age of the Universe.
Surface Diffusion of Underpotential‐Deposited Lead Adatoms on Gold Nanoelectrodes (2021)

Abstract A simple and readily applicable voltammetric approach is described to characterize and measure the site‐hopping surface diffusion of underpotential‐deposited (UPD) metal adatoms at nanoelectrodes. UPD refers to the deposition of atoms on foreign metal supports at potentials lower than those predicted by Nernst law for a bulk deposition. Despite its importance in several fields of catalysis, advanced nanofabrication or even atomic nanoengineering by atomic layer epitaxy, diffusion of UPD adatoms is difficult to observe at micro‐ and macroelectrodes. In fact, at electrodes of usual dimensions, UPD adatoms surface diffusion is masked by other electrochemical phenomena of greater relative amplitudes. Conversely, at nanowires electrodes sealed in glass, only an extremely small fraction of the surface of the wires is exposed to the electrolyte solution and is rapidly loaded. This allows the spillage of UPD adatoms onto the much larger area of the nanowire rod which is immune to Faradaic reactions due to its isolation from the electrochemical solution by the glass casing. Therefore, surprisingly for a UPD process, voltammetric peaks currents and integral desorption charges primarily reflect these diffusional surface processes so that the integral charges vary linearly with the inverse of the square root of the scan rate. This is easily observable and measurable with usual bench‐level electrochemical instrumentation. In this work, by using nanoelectrodes with diameters between 90 and 260 nm, we were able to establish the major involvement of this site‐hopping surface diffusion of UPD Pb adatoms on polycrystalline gold (Au) and characterize it quantitatively. The equivalent surface diffusion coefficient of UPD Pb adatoms was determined to be ∼4.4×10 −11 cm 2 s −1 at room temperature, corresponding to a Gibbs free energy activation barrier of ca. 18.72 kJ mol −1 (i. e., 0.19 eV per Pb adatom) for the reaction of inter‐sites exchange of Pb adatoms on a polycrystalline Au surface.
An Investigation on Key Parameters that Influence the Synthesis of (S)-(+)-N,N-Dimethyl-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-3-(2-thienyl)propylamine: A Key Intermediate for Duloxetine (2009)

This document highlights the systematic study of influencing factors such as temperature, base, catalyst, and solvent volume in the synthesis of (S)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-3-(2-thienyl)propylamine oxalate 11a, without affecting the chiral purity.
Manifold Embedded Knowledge Transfer for Brain-Computer Interfaces (2019)

Transfer learning makes use of data or knowledge in one problem to help solve a different, yet related, problem. It is particularly useful in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), for coping with variations among different subjects and/or tasks. This paper considers offline unsupervised cross-subject electroencephalogram (EEG) classification, i.e., we have labeled EEG trials from one or more source subjects, but only unlabeled EEG trials from the target subject. We propose a novel manifold embedded knowledge transfer (MEKT) approach, which first aligns the covariance matrices of the EEG trials in the Riemannian manifold, extracts features in the tangent space, and then performs domain adaptation by minimizing the joint probability distribution shift between the source and the target domains, while preserving their geometric structures. MEKT can cope with one or multiple source domains, and can be computed efficiently. We also propose a domain transferability estimation (DTE) approach to identify the most beneficial source domains, in case there are a large number of source domains. Experiments on four EEG datasets from two different BCI paradigms demonstrated that MEKT outperformed several state-of-the-art transfer learning approaches, and DTE can reduce more than half of the computational cost when the number of source subjects is large, with little sacrifice of classification accuracy.
Self‐Assembly of Ultrabright Fluorescent Silica Particles (2007)

Light shines through: A one-step self-assembly synthesis of mesoporous silica particles with encapsulated organic dyes (see image) is described. The dyes are physically encapsulated inside nanosize channels/tubes in micrometer-size silica matrix particles. There is virtually no leakage of the dyes and the fluorescence of the assembled particles is very stable. Much brighter fluorescence can be obtained from the encapsulated dyes than from the same dye in aqueous solution.
A 1-DOF assistive exoskeleton with virtual negative damping: effects on the kinematic response of the lower limbs (2007)

We propose a novel control method for lowerlimb assist that produces a virtual modification of the mechanical impedance of the human limbs. This effect is accomplished through the use of an exoskeleton that displays active impedance. The proposed method is aimed at improving the dynamic response of the human limbs, while preserving the user’s control authority. Our goal is to use active-impedance exoskeleton control to improve the user’s agility of motion, for example by reducing the average time needed to complete a movement. Our control method has been implemented in a 1-DOF exoskeleton designed to assist human subjects performing knee flexions and extensions. In this paper we discuss an initial study on the effect of negative exoskeleton damping (a particular case of active-impedance control) on the subject’s time to complete a target-reaching motion. Experimental results show this effect to be statistically significant. On average, subjects were able to reduce the time to complete the motion by 16%.
High density substrates and packaging (2003)

Summary form only given. The ideal package for direct chip attachment, from a thermal and mechanical viewpoint is silicon. Unfortunately, this material is produced in formats no larger than 300 mm in diameter. A research program is currently under way to look at alternative substrate materials that are well suited to MCM-D/L processing. Ideally, the candidate would be of a low cost, off-the-shelf large format (400 mm square) variety, able to withstand the high temperatures and chemicals commonly used in thin-film processing. This paper details a program developed by a consortium of large area processing vendors to evaluate materials as a base for RF and high frequency applications. Specifics on the materials chosen and methods used to test them are provided. The first task is to identify possible candidate base materials that could be used given certain requirements. Second is to evaluate their resistance to various chemicals. Third is to determine the materials' dimensional stability. This is accomplished by running test specimens through thin film processing and determining if warpage occurs after steps involving extreme temperature cycles such as dielectric curing. One of the most sensitive indicators of dimensional instability occurs during photolithography, when the metal or dielectric pattern is being transferred. If a material were to shrink or expand, evidence of this occurs when trying to position alignment markers correctly. Should the materials pass these preliminary tests, actual test vehicles may be built to determine the material viability under electrical and reliability testing.
Development of Recombinant Human Prolactin Receptor Antagonists by Molecular Mimicry of the Phosphorylated Hormone (1998)

Previous studies have demonstrated that naturally phosphorylated PRL antagonizes the growth-promoting effects of unmodified PRL in two different PRL-responsive cell lines. In this study our aim was to produce a molecular mimic of phosphorylated PRL by substituting a fairly bulky, negatively charged amino acid (glutamate or aspartate) for the normally phosphorylated serine [serine 179 in human PRL (hPRL)]. In addition, because of the marked effect of phosphorylation on biological activity, we investigated the importance of the unmodified serine in the growth-promoting activity of PRL. hPRL complementary DNA was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and subcloned into pT7-SCII after site-directed mutagenesis using the deoxyuridine approach. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and were primarily found in inclusion bodies. Agonist and antagonist activities of each serine 179 mutant were assessed using the Nb2 bioassay. Compared with standard hPRL, the recombinant wild-type was more active in the Nb2 assay, attesting to both the absence, or low level, of endotoxin contamination in preparations from these cells and the appropriate folding of the molecule. The aspartate and glutamate mutants had no intrinsic agonist activity, but both antagonized the growth-promoting activity of wild-type PRL, with the aspartate mutant proving to be a very effective antagonist. Two hundred picograms per ml of the aspartate mutant negated 75% of the growth response to 400 pg/ml wild-type PRL. When serine 179 was mutated to alanine or valine, mutant PRLs with 0% and 14% of the biological activity of wild-type PRL, respectively, were produced. These results demonstrate 1) that molecular mimicry of the phosphorylated hormone does produce a PRL antagonist, and 2) that the serine at position 179 is crucial to the growth-promoting activity of PRL. The aspartate mutant can now be used to study many aspects of the physiology of PRL.
Progressive probabilistic Hough transform for line detection (2003)

We present a novel Hough Transform algorithm referred to as Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). Unlike the Probabilistic HT where Standard HT is performed on a pre-selected fraction of input points, PPHT minimises the amount of computation needed to detect lines by exploiting the difference an the fraction of votes needed to detect reliably lines with different numbers of supporting points. The fraction of points used for voting need not be specified ad hoc or using a priori knowledge, as in the probabilistic HT; it is a function of the inherent complexity of the input data. The algorithm is ideally suited for real-time applications with a fixed amount of available processing time, since voting and line detection is interleaved. The most salient features are likely to be detected first. Experiments show that in many circumstances PPHT has advantages over the Standard HT.
Porencephaly (1989)

A case of porencephaly in a 33-year-old male is presented. The patient exhibited right hemiparesis and generalized seizures. Computed tomography and, subsequently, craniotomy revealed a cerebral defect in the left parietal lobe, which communicated with the lateral ventricle. On angiography and at surgery, the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery were found to be stretched over the surface of the cyst. Histopathological examination showed the outer membrane of the cyst to consist of arachnoid, subarachnoid space, vessels, pia mater, and a layer of degenerative brain tissue on histology. The diagnosis of porencephaly and its differentiation from arachnoid cyst are discussed.
<title>Empirical evaluation of a bound on image superresolution performance</title> (1994)

Images restored by linear shift-variant and nonlinear restoration techniques contain spectral energy beyond the optical system cutoff frequency. We have recently analyzed this aspect of image superresolution in terms of accurate extrapolation of the image spectrum. A closed-form expression for an approximate lower bound on extrapolation performance has been derived for continuous signals. In this paper, we present new empirical evidence in support of the derived bound. We then discuss performance for the discrete imaging case, including a discrete analogy to the analytic continuation theorem. Empirical results are presented which support our hypothesis that substantial bandwidth extrapolation is achievable for discrete images. Finally, we discuss potential applications of these results to the development of new restoration algorithms.
Eau potable et assainissement en milieu rural - approche programme et appui budgetaire (2005)

Rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene (RWSSH) effectiveness and sustainability, remains a huge challenge for most countries, particularly in applying lessons at a scale which is sufficient to meet Millennium Development Goals. These guidelines, the result of a productive collaboration between the Energy and Water Department and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) Department, should serve as a starting point for water supply and sanitation staff in the design and implementation of budget support operations such as Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSCs). They are also intended to provide resources for macroeconomists and PRSC task team leaders, and their clients as they seek to identify appropriate approaches to RWSSH. These guidelines are seen as an important contribution to the Global Millennium Development Project to scale up access to basic services, and tackle poverty worldwide. The document is designed in four parts. The core of the document is the budget support PRIMER. This is a short document designed to give sector staff pointers on how to engage in budget support operations. The primer outlines what will be expected, and what can be done to prepare country clients for budget support operations. The budget support TOOLBOX, is a lengthier document that discusses the steps required to ready a national RWSSH program for inclusion in the national budget. It is designed to be used as a reference for developing an operation, and covers budget support building blocks, analytical and advisory services (AAA) tools, and advocacy tools. The SAMPLE OPERATIONS have been included to illustrate how the budget support process has proceeded in practice in two ongoing cases.
Palladium-Mediated Dealkylation of N-Propargyl-Floxuridine as a Bioorthogonal Oxygen-Independent Prodrug Strategy (2015)

Herein we report the development and biological screening of a bioorthogonal palladium-labile prodrug of the nucleoside analogue floxuridine, a potent antineoplastic drug used in the clinic to treat advanced cancers. N-propargylation of the N3 position of its uracil ring resulted in a vast reduction of its biological activity (~6,250-fold). Cytotoxic properties were bioorthogonally rescued in cancer cell culture by heterogeneous palladium chemistry both in normoxia and hypoxia. Within the same environment, the reported chemo-reversible prodrug exhibited up to 1,450-fold difference of cytotoxicity whether it was in the absence or presence of the extracellular palladium source, underlining the precise modulation of bioactivity enabled by this bioorthogonally-activated prodrug strategy.