gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optical 90/spl deg/-hybrid balanced receiver module using a planar lightwave circuit (1994)

An optical 90/spl deg/-hybrid coherent receiver module is constructed that uses the planar lightwave circuit technique. The module consists of an optical 90/spl deg/-hybrid silica planar waveguide and two 14 GHz balanced O/E converters; the solder-bump technique is employed. For both sets of paths between the optical coupler and the twin-p-i-n photodetector pairs, the effective propagation time differences were reduced to within 4 ps. A 10 Gb/s BPSK homodyne detection experiment confirms the feasibility of the receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cytokinins control cell differentiation via negative regulation of secondary cell wall master regulators NST1 and NST3 (2015)

Control over the equilibrium between cell division and cell differentiation represents the core developmental regulation across all kingdoms Plant hormones cytokinins were shown to regulate both the process of cell differentiation and cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism of cytokinin-controlled cell differentiation is far from being understood. Here we present the role of cytokinins in the control of differentiation program of secondary cell wall-containing cells. We found that impaired cytokinin signaling disturbs apical/basal developmental gradient in the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis. Attenuated cytokinin signaling results in formation of vascular bundles with changed protoxylem/metaxylem ratio and formation of tracheary elements with reduced diameter and dramatically reduced water conductance. Increased lignification in both tracheary elements and xylem fibers suggested early cell differentiation. The genome-wide next-gen transcriptional profiling revealed ectopic upregulation of factors throughout the hierarchical transcriptional cascade including the NAC TFs NST1 and SND1/NST3, the master transcriptional switches of secondary cell wall formation. That leads to precocious activation of downstream structural components mediating the biosynthesis of xylan, lignin and cellulose, the main compounds of the secondary cell wall. Measurements of endogenous cytokinin levels indicated spatial specificity of cytokinin distribution along apical/basal axis of inflorescence stem. We found that disturbing the apical/basal cytokinin distribution via depleting endogenous cytokinin content or impairing cytokinin biosynthesis in atipt1,3,5,7 mutant phenocopies the early differentiation phenotype and functional defects of tracheary elements observed in the cytokinin signaling mutants. That associates with ectopic upregulation of NST1 and NST3 master regulators as well as downstream structural genes involved in secondary cell wall formation. Exogenous cytokinin application was able to downregulate the ectopic increase in NST1/NST3 expression and rescue the precocious differentiation phenotype in atipt1,3,5,7. The negative role of cytokinins in regulation of NSTs expression was confirmed by qRT PCR and downregulation of pNST3:NST3-GUS expression by exogenous cytokinins. Based on our findings we propose the role of cytokinins as a positional cue controlling cell differentiation status via regulating expression of secondary cell wall master regulators NST1 and NST3
A subspace approach to layer extraction (2005)

Representing images with layers has many important applications, such as video compression, motion analysis, and 3D scene analysis. This paper presents an approach to reliably extracting layers from images by taking advantages of the fact that homographies induced by planar patches in the scene form a low dimensional linear subspace. Layers in the input images will be mapped in the subspace, where it is proven that they form well-defined clusters and can be reliably identified by a simple mean-shift based clustering algorithm. Global optimality is achieved since all valid regions are simultaneously taken into account, and noise can be effectively reduced by enforcing the subspace constraint. Good layer descriptions are shown to be extracted in the experimental results.
Dependence of the X-Ray Photoacoustic Signal Intensity of Pure Copper and Brass on Sample Thickness (1993)

The hard X-ray photoacoustic signal intensities (I) of pure copper and brass have been measured in the Cu K-edge region as a function of sample thickness (d) (from 5 µm to 100 µm). It is shown that the photoacoustic signal intensities of pure copper and brass decrease above the sample thickness of 10 µm for each modulation frequency. The absolute values of the power law, d (ln I )/ d (ln d ), of pure copper and brass depend on modulation frequency.
Unraveling Specific Causes of Neonatal Mortality Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling: An Observational Study (2019)

MITS has potential to address the knowledge gap on specific causes of neonatal mortality. In our setting, this included the hitherto underrecognized dominant role of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant bacterial infections as the leading immediate cause of neonatal deaths.
Specimen Size Effects in the Determination of Nuclear Grade Graphite Thermal Diffusivity (2014)

Understanding the effects of radiation on nuclear grade graphite requires complex experiment design with specific specimen geometries. These geometries are not always optimal for the various testing and measurement standards used to characterize the graphite before and after irradiation. In this work, geometry constraints of specimens for laser flash determination of thermal diffusivity are investigated. The laser flash technique depends on the assumption of one dimensional adiabatic heat conduction between two of the specimen surfaces. As test temperatures rise above 400°C, radiation heat loss from all surfaces becomes significant and must be accounted for through modeling. Experiments were performed using industrial grade AXF-5Q graphite and nuclear grade graphite, PCEA, NBG-18, and Gilso, to understand the limits of the common radiation heat loss correction models used for laser flash diffusivity testing. From this data, a maximum specimen diameter to thickness ratio is presented. This testing limitation, along with the limited volume available in irradiation experiments, drives the specimen diameter and thickness to be minimized. As the specimen thickness is reduced, the significance of the graphite inhomogeneity and high thermal conductance influence on measurement uncertainty must be considered. Due to the relatively high thermal conductivity of graphite, thin specimens can result in low thermal transit times. Furthermore, as the thickness of the sample approaches two or three times the size of filler grain material used in the graphite, the thin specimen may not represent the homogeneous bulk material. This effect as well as ambiguity in the exact arrival time of the laser energy due to finite laser pulse widths is investigated for a lower limit on specimen thickness.
Transapical explantation of an embolized transcatheter valve (2011)

Prosthesis embolization represents a severe complication following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We describe a case of ventricular embolization of the Edwards Sapien valve following transapical TAVI. The prosthesis was extracted successfully using the same transapical access. This approach obviated the need for conversion to a median sternotomy to explant the embolized valve.
Australia’s Plastic Banknotes: Fighting Counterfeit Currency (2010)

More security: The world's first banknote printed on clear plastic film and using optically variable devices (OVDs) was issued in Australia in 1988 (see picture) after twenty years of research and development. In the course of this, a great deal of technical as well as logistic issues had to be solved. Shown is the Australian Bicentennial $10 note released in 1988.
Intertwining Roles of Silver Ions, Surfactants, and Reducing Agents in Gold Nanorod Overgrowth: Pathway Switch between Silver Underpotential Deposition and Gold–Silver Codeposition (2016)

The past two decades have witnessed great success achieved in the geometry-controlled synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using the seed-mediated nanocrystal growth method. Detailed mechanistic understanding of the synergy among multiple key structure-directing agents in the nanocrystal growth solutions, however, has long been lagging behind the development and optimization of the synthetic protocols. Here we investigate the foreign ion- and surfactant-coguided overgrowth of single-crystalline Au nanorods as a model system to elucidate the intertwining roles of Ag+ foreign ions, surface-capping surfactants, and reducing agents that underpin the intriguing structural evolution of Au nanocrystals. The geometry-controlled nanorod overgrowth involves two distinct underlying pathways, Ag underpotential deposition and Au–Ag electroless codeposition, which are interswitchable upon maneuvering the interplay of the Ag+ ions, surfactants, and reducing agents. The pathway switch governs the geometric and compositional evolution of nanorods during their overgrowth, allowing the cylindrical Au nanorods to selectively transform into a series of anisotropic nanostructures with interesting geometric, compositional, and plasmonic characteristics. The insights gained from this work shed light on the mechanistic complexity of geometry-controlled nanocrystal growth and may guide the development of new synthetic approaches to metallic nanostructures with increasing architectural complexity, further enhancing our capabilities of fine-tuning the optical, electronic, and catalytic properties of the nanoparticles.
Mutations in the GW-repeat protein SUO reveal a developmental function for microRNA-mediated translational repression in Arabidopsis (2011)

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) typically mediate RNA cleavage, but examples of miRNA-mediated translational repression have also been reported. However, the functional significance of this latter process is unknown. We identified SUO in a screen for Arabidopsis mutations that increase the accumulation of the miR156-regulated gene SPL3. suo has a loss-of-function phenotype characteristic of plants with reduced Argonaute (AGO)1 activity. An analysis of RNA and protein levels in suo mutants demonstrated that this phenotype is a consequence of a defect in miRNA-mediated translational repression; the effect of suo on vegetative phase change is attributable to a reduction in miR156/miR157 activity. SUO encodes a large protein with N-terminal bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) and transcription elongation factor S-II (TFS2N) domains and two C-terminal GW (glycine and tryptophan) repeats. SUO is present in the nucleus, and colocalizes with the processing-body component DCP1 in the cytoplasm. Our results reveal that SOU is a component of the miRNA pathway in Arabidopsis and demonstrate that translational repression is a functionally important aspect of miRNA activity in plants.
[Analysis of the feasibility and prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in detecting gene mutations in small cell lung cancer]. (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the feasibility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in detecting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) gene mutations and its prognostic value in chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for SCLC patients. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 77 SCLC patients who were admitted to the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology and the Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from July 2016 to November 2019 were included. There were 66 males and 11 females, with a median age of 60 years. Among them, 42 cases were in limited stage (LS) and 35 cases were in extensive stage (ES). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of patients' plasma ctDNA was performed before treatment. The differences of mutated genes and signaling pathways between LS and ES patients were analyzed and compared. Blood-based tumor mutation burden (bTMB) was calculated according to detected somatic cell mutations. Patients were divided into the high bTMB and the low bTMB groups according to the optimal threshold calculated by R software. Log-rank tests were used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) between the high bTMB and the low bTMB groups. <b>Results:</b> Among the 77 patients, 76 patients had gene mutations detected in their plasma, and the positive rate of ctDNA test was 98%. Among the 76 patients, the genes with the highest mutation frequency were TP53 (89%), RB1 (70%), LRP1B (34%), CREBBP (21%), MLL3 (21%), MLL2 (16%), NOTCH1 (13%), ROS1 (13%), BRCA2 (12%), and PTPRD (12%). The most common mutated genes in LS patients were TP53 (90%), RB1 (68%), LRP1B (24%), MLL2 (22%), and BRCA2 (17%); the most common mutated genes in ES patients were TP53 (89%), RB1 (71%), LRP1B (46%), CREBBP (31%), and MLL3 (29%). The mutation rates of NOTCH1 and CREBBP genes were significantly higher in ES patients (31.4% and 22.9%) than those in LS patients (11.9% and 4.8%) (both <i>P<</i>0.05). Signaling pathway analysis showed that there were more NOTCH pathway gene variations in ES patients. Among LS patients, patients in the high bTMB group (≥ 6.96 mutations/Mb) had a longer PFS than that in the low bTMB group (<6.96 mutations/Mb) (<i>P=</i>0.033); but no such difference was noted in ES patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> Plasma ctDNA sequencing detected SCLC gene mutation profiles similar to those reported in previous literature, thus ctDNA could be used as a tool to study SCLC genomics; the mutation spectra of ES-SCLC and LS-SCLC were different. bTMB has potential prognostic value in LS-SCLCs treated with chemoradiotherapy.
Cellular Repair/Misrepair Track Model (2003)

A repair/misrepair cell kinetics model is superimposed onto the track structure model of Katz to provide for a repair mechanism. The model is tested on the repair-dependent data of Yang et al.and provides an adequate description of those data. Some mechanistic ambiguities are discussed.
Lack of Effect of Oral 4-Phenylbutyrate on Serum Alpha-1-Antitrypsin in Patients with α-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Preliminary Study (2004)

4-PBA did not increase alpha1AT blood levels in humans with alpha1AT deficiency in this preliminary trial.
Alcohol Decreases T-Lymphocyte Migration into Lung Tissue in Response to Pneumocystis carinii and Depletes T-Lymphocyte Numbers in the Spleens of Mice (1998)

Previous work from our laboratory has shown that chronic alcohol consumption in mice creates immunosuppression sufficient to permit infection with the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis carinii. Host defense against P. carinii is critically dependent upon host T lymphocytes. In these experiments, we address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on recruitment of T lymphocytes into infected lung tissue and on lymphocytes in host lymphoid tissue. We find that mice administered alcohol in drinking water and then inoculated with P. carinii show significantly decreased recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into lung tissue in comparison with control mice. Additional experiments show significant depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes in spleens from alcohol mice and decreased numbers of activated T lymphocytes. Analysis of surface expression of the adhesion molecules LFA-1, VLA-4, and CAM-1 show no significant differences in lymphocytes from alcohol-consuming mice, and lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro is also unaltered. We conclude that chronic consumption of alcohol impairs lung recruitment of lymphocytes in response to an infectious challenge. This impaired lymphocyte recruitment may be a consequence of depletion of T lymphocytes in host lymphoid tissue. Impaired recruitment of lymphocytes may explain the increased morbidity and mortality of pulmonary infections in alcoholic subjects.
Neural Bases of Sequence Processing in Action and Language (2008)

Real‐time estimation of what we will do next is a crucial prerequisite of purposive behavior. During the planning of goal‐oriented actions, for instance, the temporal and causal organization of upcoming subsequent moves needs to be predicted based on our knowledge of events. A forward computation of sequential structure is also essential for planning contiguous discourse segments and syntactic patterns in language. The neural encoding of sequential event knowledge and its domain dependency is a central issue in cognitive neuroscience. Converging evidence shows the involvement of a dedicated neural substrate, including the prefrontal cortex and Broca's area, in the representation and the processing of sequential event structure. After reviewing major representational models of sequential mechanisms in action and language, we discuss relevant neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings on the temporal organization of sequencing and sequence processing in both domains, suggesting that sequential event knowledge may be modularly organized through prefrontal and frontal subregions.
The Emergence of High-Stakes Accountability Policies in Teacher Preparation: An Examination of the U.S. Department of Education’s Proposed Regulations (2016)

Using a sociological framework this article explores the emergence and possible consequences of the 2015 U.S. Department of Education’s proposed federal regulatory policy on teacher education programs and alternative route providers. After describing the key features of the policy, we examine the research literature looking for evidence of the merits of accountability policies in improving teacher education and preparation quality and outcomes. Although there is some research evidence that increased accountability measures may indeed contribute to improving the quality and outcomes of teacher education and preparation, the conditions under which this happens are not straightforward. While the stated aim of the regulatory policy, to ultimately advance student learning, finds widespread support in the education community, research evidence points to a number of validity problems with the overall policy. Of particular concern is the policy’s attempts at establishing a direct link between teacher preparation and two of the regulations’ suggested outcomes, namely graduates’ employment and pupil achievement. The policy as conceived could negatively impact program norms and resources and undermine the development of teachers’ human, cultural, and social capital. We discuss the accreditation challenges that the policy is likely to confront and implications for the future of teacher education and preparation accountability.
Ashfall hazard: modelling volcanic ash roof loading and revisions to European Building Codes&#160; (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This paper presents a numerical procedure for testing the effects of both static and dynamic loading of volcanic ash deposition on concrete roofs. The study aims to propose, a revision to the building regulations to make existing and future European buildings more resilient. The investigation uses a multi-physics simulation approach. Mathematical modelling is developed to investigate the volcanic ash effects in the context of the EN1991 code. A numerical modelling tool (EDEM software) for the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and structural analysis tool (ANSYS) for the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to investigate 1 m x 1 m x 0.0154 m concrete slab plate subjected to pressure load considering the wind and no-wind effects. The modelled wind velocity was held constant at 0. 2 m/s. The density of the volcanic ash is low compared to natural systems but can be changed to reflect a range of relevant (measured) eruptive products. The key parameters and the results are illustrated as follows. With the initial results only, it is clear that our modelling technique has the potential to explore the loading effects of ash over a range of geological and environmental conditions during deposition.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The number of simulated volcanic particle loads is 80000, Volcanic ash particle density of 1000 (kg/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;). The simulated particle variables results for wind effects in the horizontal direction of (0.2 m/s) are as follows: The maximum pressures as 220042(Pa), the maximum deformation as 0.177 (mm) and the maximum was stress as 10.3 (MPa). The no wind effect (controlled condition) simulations particle variable results are as follows: the maximum pressures as 6411.3 (Pa), the maximum deformation as 0.061 (mm) and the maximum stress as 3.44 (MPa).&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;As expected, the wind effect resulted in an uneven distribution of the ash on the roof surface, which in turn produced areas of high-pressure load and stress levels. These results will have a possible impact on the designs of buildings on flat roof considerations. We aim to continue with further investigations to determine the stress impact and collapse failure due to loading over a wide range of relevant volcanic ash particle size compositions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Overexpression of the Steroidogenic Enzyme Cytochrome P450 Side Chain Cleavage in the Ventral Tegmental Area Increases 3α,5α-THP and Reduces Long-Term Operant Ethanol Self-Administration (2014)

Neuroactive steroids are endogenous neuromodulators capable of altering neuronal activity and behavior. In rodents, systemic administration of endogenous or synthetic neuroactive steroids reduces ethanol self-administration. We hypothesized this effect arises from actions within mesolimbic brain regions that we targeted by viral gene delivery. Cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, the rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in neurosteroidogenesis. Therefore, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated serotype 2 viral vector (rAAV2), which drives P450scc expression and neuroactive steroid synthesis. The P450scc-expressing vector (rAAV2-P450scc) or control GFP-expressing vector (rAAV2-GFP) were injected bilaterally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) of alcohol preferring (P) rats trained to self-administer ethanol. P450scc overexpression in the VTA significantly reduced ethanol self-administration by 20% over the 3 week test period. P450scc overexpression in the NAc, however, did not alter ethanol self-administration. Locomotor activity was unaltered by vector administration to either region. P450scc overexpression produced a 36% increase in (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP, allopregnanolone)-positive cells in the VTA, but did not increase 3α,5α-THP immunoreactivity in NAc. These results suggest that P450scc overexpression and the resultant increase of 3α,5α-THP-positive cells in the VTA reduces ethanol reinforcement. 3α,5α-THP is localized to neurons in the VTA, including tyrosine hydroxylase neurons, but not astrocytes. Overall, the results demonstrate that using gene delivery to modulate neuroactive steroids shows promise for examining the neuronal mechanisms of moderate ethanol drinking, which could be extended to other behavioral paradigms and neuropsychiatric pathology.