gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degeneración macular asociada a la edad (2012)

La DMAE es la principal causa de ceguera en pacientes por encima de los 65 anos. La investigacion de esta enfermedad esta adquiriendo gran importancia desde hace anos por su alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Desde la introduccion de los farmacos anti-VEGF ha mejorado de manera sustancial el pronostico de los pacientes afectos por la forma humeda de esta enfermedad. El proposito de esta tesis es evaluar nuestra experiencia en un centro terciario de referencia con el uso de los anti- VEFG en la practica clinica diaria para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. En concreto nuestros objetivos son estudiar los resultados anatomico funcionales con nuestra pauta de tratamiento basada en 2+ PRN, comparar los principales farmacos utilizados ( Bevacizumab y Ranibizumab) y evaluar algunos factores de riesgo generales, locales y maculares para predecir si los mismos pueden influir en el resultado funcional final. Inicialmente se realiza una revision de la literatura. Se profundiza en la etiopatogenia, epidemiologia, factores de riesgo y clasificacion de la enfermedad, para terminar revisando de manera amplia la evolucion de los diferentes tratamientos utilizados para el tratamiento de la DMAE neovascular. El estudio disenado es prospectivo, intervencional, comparativo y no randomizado y comprende una muestra de 94 ojos, homogenea a nivel de caracteristicas demograficas y oculares basales, con valores medios en cuanto a las caracteristicas poblacionales coincidentes con los de la tipica poblacion utilizada en la mayoria de los grandes estudios randomizados, todos los casos cuentan con un seguimiento minimo de 6 meses. Se utiliza en todos los pacientes una pauta de 2+ PRN y como tratamiento se administra Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab o bien tratamiento combinado. Como conclusion los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que nuestra pauta utilizada de 2 inyecciones en la fase de carga presenta mayor numero de recidivas y peores resultados visuales finales que las pautas de 3 inyecciones +mantenimiento usadas en la mayoria de series publicadas y que no hay diferencias entre los dos farmacos principales a estudio Ranibizumab y Bevacizumab a nivel de resultados anatomicos y funcionales finales, pero parece que el Ranibizumab es mas efectivo a corto plazo. En cuanto al estudio de los factores de riesgo, se observa que la hipertension arterial, el colesterol total y la edad son los factores que influyen de manera directa en el pronostico funcional final.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms governing sex-differences in chronic pain involve prolactin receptor sensory neuron signaling (2020)

Abstract Many clinical and preclinical studies report higher prevalence and severity of chronic pain in females. We used hyperalgesic priming with interleukin 6 (IL-6) priming and PGE 2 as a second stimulus as a model for pain chronicity. Intraplantar IL-6 induced hypersensitivity was similar in magnitude and duration in both males and females, while both paw and intrathecal PGE 2 hypersensitivity was more persistent in females. This difference in PGE 2 response was dependent on both circulating estrogen and translation regulation signaling in the spinal cord. In males, the duration of hypersensitivity was regulated by testosterone. Since the prolactin receptor (Prlr) is regulated by reproductive hormones and is female-selectively activated in sensory neurons, we evaluated whether Prlr signaling contributes to hyperalgesic priming. Using ΔPRL, a competitive Prlr antagonist, and a mouse line with ablated Prlr in the Nav1.8 sensory neuronal population, we show that Prlr in sensory neurons is necessary for the development of hyperalgesic priming in female but not male mice. Overall, sex-specific mechanisms in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain are regulated by the neuroendocrine system and, specifically, sensory neuronal Prlr signaling. Significance Statement Females are more likely to experience chronic pain than males, but the mechanisms that underlie this sex difference are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the duration of mechanical hypersensitivity is dependent on circulating sex hormones in mice – where estrogen caused an extension of sensitivity and testosterone was responsible for a decrease in the duration of the hyperalgesic priming model of chronic pain. Additionally, we demonstrated that Prolactin receptor expression in Nav1.8 + neurons was necessary for hyperalgesic priming in female, but not male mice. Our work demonstrates a female-specific mechanism for the promotion of chronic pain involving the neuroendrocrine system and mediated by sensory neuronal prolactin receptor.
Temperature mapping for high energy US-therapy (1994)

In US-hyperthermia and -surgery for cancer therapy it is important to know and to predict temperature profiles and developments. On the one hand we have investigated a new method to simulate temperature fields in tissue after application of focused high energy continuous wave ultrasound. On the other hand we developed an experimental technique to measure temperature distributions using a fiber-optic thermometer. Experiment and theory showed reasonable agreement
Platelet count, mean platelet volume and smoking status in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2011)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an increasing global health problem, may be complicated by acute atherothrombotic events. Although systemic inflammation plays the leading role in atherothrombotic processes, platelet activation and increased coagulation together with oxidative stress can significantly exacerbate atherosclerosis in COPD patients. In this study we determined platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and classical markers of systemic inflammation - serum C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count and the relative proportion of segmented neutrophils in COPD patients, and compared them to those from the healthy controls. The most important and novel finding of this study was that patients with COPD had a significantly increased platelet count, along with a reduced MPV when compared to healthy controls (286 vs. 260 × 10(9)/l; 9.6 vs. 8.7 fL, respectively). Cigarette smoking had no influence on these results. The presence of systemic inflammation was clearly proved by the increase in classical inflammatory markers (CRP, WBC and segmented neutrophil count).
Security-Adaptive Voltage Conversion as a Lightweight Countermeasure Against LPA Attacks (2017)

A voltage converter with adaptive security features is proposed as a lightweight countermeasure against leakage power analysis (LPA) attacks. When an LPA attack is sensed by the proposed security-adaptive (SA) voltage converter, a discharging resistor starts sinking redundant current to alter the signature of the load power dissipation. The power dissipation induced by the discharging resistor is scrambled by the SA voltage converter to maximize the amount of the inserted noise to the input power profile of the cryptographic against LPA attacks. As compared with a conventional cryptographic circuit that does not house any countermeasure, the lowest measurement-to-disclose value of a cryptographic circuit that employs the proposed voltage converter can be enhanced over 6145 times against LPA attacks.
Resin/fiber thermo‐oxidative interactions in pmr polyimide/graphite composites (1980)

Abstract The amounts of resin weight loss and fiber weight loss in four PMR polyimide/graphite fiber composites were calculated from the composite weight losses and the fiber/resin ratios of the composites after long term thermo‐oxidative aging in 600° F air. The accelerating effect of graphite fiber on resin weight loss, compared to neat resin weight loss, indicated the presence of a deleterious resin/fiber thermo‐oxidative interaction, presumably due to fiber impurities. Similarly, the declerating effect of the protective matrix resin on fiber weight loss, compared to bare fiber weight loss, was also demonstrated. The amount of hydrazine indigestible resin and the amount of loose surface graphite fiber that formed during 600° F exposure of the composites were quantitatively determined. The indigestible residual resin was also qualitatively studied by scanning electron microscopy.
On the Pulsatile Nature of Intracranial and Spinal CSF-Circulation Demonstrated by MR Imaging (1993)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow was studied in 24 healthy volunteers using gated MR phase imaging. The subarachnoid space (SAS) was divided into 5 compartments depending on the magnitude of the pulsatile CSF flows: a high velocity compartment in the area of the brain stem and spinal cord, 2 slow ones at the upper and lower extremes of the SAS, and finally 2 intermediate velocity compartments in between. The main pulsatile spinal flow channel had a meandering pattern. The extraventricular CSF-circulation can be explained by pulsatile CSF flow without the necessity of assuming existence of a net flow. A successive time offset during the cardiac cycle has been found in the fronto-occipital direction of the interplay between the arterial expansion, brain expansion, volume changes of the CSF spaces and of the veins. It is proposed to name this time offset the intracranial "volume wave" (VoW).
Dynamic bistability of an optical ring circuit having photorefractive gain, loss, and a photorefractive feedback coupling element: experiment (1989)

We demonstrate the operation of an optical ring circuit having photorefractive gain, loss, and a photorefractive feedback coupling element that replaces a mirror of a conventional ring resonator. The feedback element serves two purposes: it compensates for resonator length changes thereby maintaining an injected signal on resonance and it also provides the circuit with a short-term memory. We present experimental results illustrating the bistable behavior of the circuit in the presence of an injected signal. Once the circuit is switched on by an injected signal it remains latched to that state in the absence of the signal for a memory time governed by the response time of the feedback element.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐N‐Linked Disaccharides of 5‐Thio‐α‐D‐mannopyranose as Potential Inhibitors of the Processing Mannosidase Class I and Mannosidase II Enzymes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Freezing Milk Samples on the Recovery of Alimentary Pathogens and Indicator Microorganisms (2007)

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of freezing and subsequent storage on quantitative results of bacteriologic culturing of selected alimentary pathogens and indicator microorganisms in milk. Two model experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, raw milk samples were frozen and stored at -20 °C for 72 hours, 7 days or 21 days. After thawing, the following counts of indicator microorganisms were assessed: total bacteria count and counts of coliform and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The counts of these microorganisms determined before freezing served as control. In the second experiment, milk samples were inoculated with strains of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli , enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and frozen. After storage for the above times, recovery was performed and colony-forming unit counts per millilitre were assessed. It was documented that freezing had a considerable adverse effect on the recovery of shigatoxigenic E. coli ( P &lt; 0.01) after 7 days of storage. A decline in counts of coliform bacteria ( P &lt; 0.01) and psychrotrophic microorganisms ( P &lt; 0.01) was detected as soon as after 72 hours storage. The decline in counts of E. coli and psychrotrophic microorganisms continued with the time of storage - 72 hours and 7 days ( P &lt; 0.05); 72 hours and 21 days ( P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, no effect was recorded for L. monocytogenes and total bacterial count. Freezing caused a slight increase ( P &lt; 0.05) in S. aureus counts in milk samples after 72 hours and 7 days of storage. The results of this study indicate that the freezing of milk samples is unsuitable for sample storage before the assessment of hygienic quality because potential risk of misdiagnosis may be high.
Calculation of magnetic shielding and ohmic losses from finite thickness Faraday shields used in rf heating of plasmas (1986)

Metallic Faraday shields commonly in use in many ion cyclotron resonance heating experiments have been shown to have two adverse effects on the antenna-plasma coupling properties: magnetic shielding of the antenna current and possibly significant ohmic losses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these two effects for shields of finite thickness using a detailed analysis of the fringing fields induced by the Faraday shields. Naturally, the extension to finite thickness introduces the question of shield cross-section shape. Considerable attention is given to this point through two case studies of a square-edged and a rounded-edge shield. It is shown that magnetic shielding properties of a given cross section can be characterized by a single parameter, dependent only on cross-section shape and dimensions. Ohmic losses are seen to be 30%–40% less for a cross section with rounded edges than for the square-edged cross section. Also of interest is a minimum in the ohmic loss versus thickness relation for the round cross section, indicating the existence of an optimum ohmic loss design with respect to shield thickness.
Assessment of Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas9 as tools for recycling of multiple-integrated selection markers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2021)

We evaluated the Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas9 systems as marker-recycling tools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinants containing multiple-integrated expression cassettes. As an initial trial, we constructed rDNA-nontranscribed spacer- or Ty4-based multiple integration vectors containing the URA3 marker flanked by the loxP sequence. Integrants harboring multiple copies of tHMG1 and NNV-CP expression cassettes were obtained and subsequently transformed with the Cre plasmid. However, the simultaneous pop-out of the expression cassettes along with the URA3 marker hampered the use of Cre-lox as a marker-recycling tool in multiple integrants. As an alternative, we constructed a set of CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA vectors containing gRNA targeted to auxotrophic marker genes. Transformation of multiple integrants of tHMG1 and NNV-CP cassettes by the Cas9-gRNA vector in the presence of the URA3 (stop) donor DNA fragments generated the Ura<sup>-</sup> transformants retaining multiple copies of the expression cassettes. CRISPR-Cas9-based inactivation led to the recycling of the other markers, HIS3, LEU2, and TRP1, without loss of expression cassettes in the recombinants containing multiple copies of tHMG1, NNV-CP, and SfBGL1 cassettes, respectively. Reuse of the same selection marker in marker-inactivated S. cerevisiae was validated by multiple integrations of the TrEGL2 cassette into the S. cerevisiae strain expressing SfBGL1. These results demonstrate that introducing stop codons into selection marker genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system with donor DNA fragments is an efficient strategy for markerrecycling in multiple integrants. In particular, the continual reuse of auxotrophic markers would facilitate the construction of a yeast cell factory containing multiple copies of expression cassettes without antibiotic resistance genes.
Antagonistic crosstalk between SIRT1, PARP-1, and -2 in the regulation of chronic inflammation associated with aging and metabolic diseases (2014)

Current studies have indicated the association of chronic sterile inflammation (inflammation in the absence of pathogens) with the pathogenesis of age-related and metabolic diseases. The inflammation is under the control of transcription factor NF-κB through an antagonistic crosstalk between SIRT1, PARP-1, and -2 signaling pathways. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB is increased in various tissues with aging and metabolic abnormalities and is related with various aging and metabolic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, NF-κB activation with chronic inflammation is connected with many known life span and metabolic regulators including DNA damage, obesity, SIRT, and PARP. Thus, the crossroads between PARP and SIRT signaling pathways represent efficient therapeutic targets for extending health span without metabolic diseases.
Fusion of multiple experts in multimodal biometric personal identity verification systems (2003)

We investigate two trainable methods of classifier fusion in the context of multimodal personal identity verification involving eight experts which exploit voice characteristics and frontal face biometrics. As baseline classifier combination methods, simple fusion rules (Sum and Vote) which do not require any training are used. The results of experiments on the XM2VTS database show that all four combination methods investigated yield improved performance. Trainable fusion strategies do not appear to offer better performance than simple rules.
Layout for polarization insensitive modulation in LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides (2000)

We present in this paper a new waveguide-electrode layout for electrooptical devices integrated in a Z-cut X-propagating lithium niobate crystal. Polarization independent operation is achieved in this structure by a combination of several factors: simultaneous utilization of three electrooptic coefficients (r/sub 33/ r/sub 31/ r/sub 22/), electrode shift with respect to waveguides, and consideration of a necessary insertion of a buffer layer. Phase and amplitude modulation schemes are described based on this configuration. The layout has advantages, when compared to other polarization-insensitive schemes, in terms of lower voltage length and absence of polarization conversion.
Improved Signal Models for Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy (2020)

One of the applications of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy is the detection of prohibited substances in security checkpoints. Numerous signal processing and analysis techniques have been proposed over time to improve detection. However, they are based on signal models that do not exactly resemble the spin echo shape obtained in real measurements. This work represents a comparative study of several signal models for obtaining a more realistic representation of a spin echo response, that can be used in the future development and simulation of signal processing and analysis techniques for nuclear quadrupole resonance detection.
Nanodosimetric cluster size distributions of therapeutic proton beams (2006)

As we move into the new millennium, it is important that we improve our understanding of radiation effects on humans and nanoelectronic systems. This understanding is essential in a number of areas including radiation therapy for cancer treatment and extended human presence in outer space. Nanodosimetry in low-pressure gases enables measurement of the energy deposition of ionizing radiation on a scale equivalent to the dimensions of the DNA molecule. This is extremely important for not only biological applications but also electronic applications, as the effect of radiation on nanoelectronics needs to be determined before they are installed and deployed in complex radiation fields. However, before nanodosimetry can be widely applied, further investigation is required to link the output of gas-based nanodosimeters to the actual effect of the radiation on a biological or electronic system. The purpose of this research is to conduct nanodosimetric measurements of proton radiation fields at the proton accelerator of Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) and to develop a Monte Carlo simulation system to validate and support further developments of experimental nanodosimetry. To achieve this, measured ion cluster size distributions are compared to the output from the Monte Carlo simulation system that simulates the characteristics of the LLUMC beam line and the performance of the nanodosimeter installed on one of LLUMC's proton research beam lines.
Bioplume : a MEMS-based picoliter droplet dispenser with electrospotting means for patterning surfaces at the micro- and the nanometer scales (2005)

The interest in patterning surfaces with micro- and nanometer resolutions has been growing fast in recent years, illustrating the tremendous potential of patterning techniques for both fundamental investigations and technological applications in photonics, molecular electronics, and biosensors. Among the various patterning methods, liquid dispensing techniques relying on the use of microcantilevers are very promising for several reasons. The first one is that they permit a direct patterning of the surface with different kinds of materials without any need for prefabricated patterns. Secondly, alignment of the cantilevers with respect to specific regions on the surface is straightforward since the cantilevers themselves can be used as displacement sensors. Moreover, parallel approaches can be developed to meet specific requirements in terms of throughput and fabrication costs. In this thesis we present a liquid spotter (so-called Bioplume) based on the use of silicon microcantilevers. Droplets are formed on the surface by a direct contact method. The fabricated cantilever array is integrated to a closed-loop automated system allowing the control of the droplet homogeneity and the spatial positioning of the microarray. The system relies on the use of force sensors, i.e. piezoresistors, integrated into the cantilevers to adjust the trim and to control the deposition parameters, i.e. contact force and time. By using a specific external loading chip, different liquids can be loaded onto the cantilevers, enabling the parallel deposition of several entities in a single deposition run. Besides, an electrode is incorporated in the channel to allow using electrowetting and electrochemistry. The former is used to actively load the cantilever and to control the drop size during delivery, while the latter is used to drive electrochemical reactions in the deposited picoliter droplets. This tool has been used to print biological solutions, to electrodeposit copper, to electropolym erize functionalized pyrrole and to directly create crystalline microspots of nanobeads. The control of the printed features (resolution, thickness, and composition), the versatility of the printed materials and the added electro-assisted features demonstrate the tremendous potential of the Bioplume tool for research work and industrial applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Aryl‐6‐carbamoyl‐1,2‐dihydropurines and a Study of Their Tautomerism. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Titanium Imido Complexes by Displacement of –SiMe3 and C–H Bond Activation in a TiIII Amido Complex, Promoted by a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene (cAAC) (2017)

A strong σ-donating cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (cAAC) triggers rearrangement of the silyl(aryl) amido ligand -N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)Dipp (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in the coordination sphere of titanium(III) to afford a novel zwitterionic titanium imido complex with a TiCH<sub>2</sub>SiMe<sub>2</sub>[cAAC] linkage. Reduction of this species produces a new DippN=Ti imido complex containing a cAAC-centered radical species, characterized by single crystal diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.