gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Transmission Deficits in Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Gap Junction Gene Connexin36 (2001)

In the mammalian retina, rods feed into the cone pathway through electrotonic coupling, and recent histological data suggest the involvement of connexin36 (Cx36) in this pathway. We therefore generated Cx36 null mice and monitored the functional consequences of this deficiency on early visual transmission. The homozygous mutant mice had a normally developed retina and showed no changes in the cellular organization of the rod pathway. In contrast, the functional coupling between AII amacrine cells and bipolar cells was impaired. Recordings of electroretinograms revealed a significant decrease of the scotopic b-wave in mutant animals and an increased cone threshold that is compatible with a distorted, gap junctional transmission between AII amacrine cells and cone bipolar cells. Recordings of visual evoked potentials showed extended latency in mutant mice but unaffected ON and OFF components. Our results demonstrate that Cx36-containing gap junctions are essential for normal synaptic transmission within the rod pathway.
Layer-by-Layer Molecular Organization of Polypyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Glass Plates (2006)

Abstract We have developed a methodology for the two-dimensional multilayer formation of polypyridine ruthenium complexes on solid surfaces under mild conditions. The alternate multilayers of the ruthenium complex and Zr were fabricated on pretreated glass plates using interlayer phosphonate–Zr linkages. The RuLn molecules in the films are electronically independent, with neither interchromophoric interactions nor electronic perturbations of the ZrIV centers in the ground state.
User-centric speaker report: Ranking-based effectiveness evaluation and feedback (2009)

In this paper, we present a computer vision-based system that is capable of automatically analyzing presentation videos and evaluating it according to the learned user's preference. In this system, different visual features indicating the effectiveness of the presentation are extracted. They include the speaker's global movement, face/head orientation distribution and motions caused by the use of hands. Given a set of user scored presentation videos, we adapt the RankBoost [13] algorithm to learn the user's scoring preference so that the system can score a new presentation video in the future to provide the user feedback. The experiment results show that the vision processing part can reliably extract the low level features and the ranking learning part can successfully learn user's different scoring preferences and achieve an average ranking error within one level or less.
Enzymes responsible for the bactericidal effect in extracts of vitelline and fertilisation envelopes of rainbow trout eggs (2000)

Extracts from both the vitelline envelope (VE) and fertilisation envelopes (FE) of rainbow trout eggs have the ability to exert a bactericidal effect on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The effect may be due to the presence of phospholipase D (PLD), lysozyme, proteinase and DNases, as the extracts contain these enzyme activities. The intensity of chorionic PLD and lysozyme activities in the VE extract was maintained in the FE without any alteration in activity even after transformation in the course of the cortical reaction, as components of a fundamental architecture of the envelope. Both extracts also contain different types of proteinase activities. Treatment with VE or FE extract seriously damaged the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and the plasma membrane of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria at the ultrastructural level. Chorionic DNases probably degrade DNA of bacterial cells killed by virtue of the action of PLD and/or lysozyme and contribute to the transmigration of nucleosides and/or nucleotides produced by degrading bacterial DNA after degradation of bacterial components by the actions of the chorionic PLD, lysozyme and proteinase. These results suggest that the bactericidal process manifested by the VE or FE extract may start with the action of PLD and/or lysozyme against bacteria and be completed by subsequent degradation of constitutive proteins and DNA by the action of proteinases and DNases, respectively. Thus the VE and FE are able to protect the egg itself and the embryo, respectively, from bacterial infection in the internal or external environments.
Appraisal of a simple sampling device for collecting time-integrated fluvial suspended sediment samples (2000)

Geochemical analysis of suspended sediment is a key requirement in nutrient and contaminant transfer studies, but the collection of fluvial suspended sediment samples is problematic due to the highly episodic nature of its transport. Traditional approaches involve the collection of instantaneous samples, but uncertainties regarding intra- and inter-storm variations in sediment-associated nutrient and contaminant concentrations introduce problems in establishing the total sediment-associated flux. This paper assesses the effectiveness of a simple, inexpensive, in situ sampler that collects a time-integrated sample of fluvial suspended sediment. The representativeness of the samples collected by the sampler was confirmed by comparing measurements of a range of geochemical properties of the sediment collected by the sampler with equivalent measurements undertaken on manual point samples collected during the period of sampler deployment. The potential for using the time-integrated sediment samples collected by the sampler is demonstrated by presenting an example of suspended sediment source fingerprinting.
Tests of Airfoils Designed to Delay the Compressibility Burble (1943)

Development of airfoil sections suitable for high-speed applications has generally been difficult because little was known of the flow phenomenon that occurs at high speeds. A definite critical speed has been found at which serious detrimental flow changes occur that lead to serious losses in lift and large increases in drag. This flow phenomenon, called the compressibility burble, was originally a propeller problem, but with the development of higher speed aircraft serious consideration must be given to other parts of the airplane. Fundamental investigations of high-speed airflow phenomenon have provided new information. An important conclusion of this work has been the determination of the critical speed, that is, the speed at which the compressibility burble occurs. The critical speed was shown to be the translational velocity at which the sum of the translational velocity and the maximum local induced velocity at the surface of the airfoil or other body equals the local speed of sound. Obviously then higher critical speeds can be attained through the development of airfoils that have minimum induced velocity for any given value of the lift coefficient. Presumably, the highest critical speed will be attained by an airfoil that has uniform chordwise distribution of induced velocity or, in other words, a flat pressure distribution curve. The ideal airfoil for any given high-speed application is, then, that form which at its operating lift coefficient has uniform chordwise distribution of induced velocity. Accordingly, an analytical search for such airfoil forms has been conducted and these forms are now being investigated experimentally in the 23-inch high-speed wind tunnel. The first airfoils investigated showed marked improvement over those forms already available, not only as to critical speed buy also the drag at low speeds is decreased considerably. Because of the immediate marked improvement, it was considered desirable to extend the thickness and lift coefficient ranges for which the original forms had been designed before further extending the investigation.
Balancing perfectly periodic service schedules: An application from recycling and waste management (2012)

Abstract A national recycling and waste management company provides periodic services to its customers from over 160 service centers. The services are performed periodically in units of weeks over a planning horizon. The number of truck‐hours allocated to this effort is determined by the maximum weekly workload during the planning horizon. Therefore, minimizing the maximum weekly workload results in minimum operating expenses. The perfectly periodic service scheduling (PPSS) problem is defined based on the practices of the company. It is shown that the PPSS problem is strongly NP‐hard. Attempts to solve large instances by using an integer programming formulation are unsuccessful. Therefore, greedy BestFit heuristics with three different sorting schemes are designed and tested for six real‐world PPSS instances and 80 randomly generated data files. The heuristics provide effective solutions that are within 2% of optimality on average. When the best found BestFit schedules are compared with the existing schedules, it is shown that operational costs are reduced by 18% on average. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 59: 160–171, 2012
The effect of taper on section constants for in-plane deformation of an isotropic strip (2008)

The variational-asymptotic method is used to obtain an asymptotically-exact expression for the strain energy of a tapered strip-beam.The strip is assumed to be sufficiently thin to warrant the use of twodimensional elasticity.The taper is represented by a nondimensional constant of the same order as the ratio of the maximum cross-sectional width to the wavelength of the deformation along the beam, and thus its cube is negligible compared to unity.The resulting asymptotically-exact section constants, being functions of the taper parameter, are then used to find section constants for a generalized Timoshenko beam theory.These generalized Timoshenko section constants are then used in the associated one-dimensional beam equations to obtain the solution for the deformation of a linearly tapered beam subject to pure axial, pure bending, and transverse shear forces.These beam solutions are then compared with plane stress elasticity solutions, developed for extension, bending, and flexure of a linearly tapered isotropic strip.The agreement is excellent, and the results show that correction of the section constants using the taper parameter is necessary in order for beam theory to yield accurate results for a tapered beam.
Prognostic significance of apoptosis regulators in breast cancer. (1999)

Dysregulation of normal programmed cell death mechanisms plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer, as well as in responses of tumors to therapeutic intervention. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) has been implicated in cancer chemoresistance, whereas high levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax promote apoptosis and sensitize tumor cells to various anticancer therapies. Though the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis are diverse, ultimately they govern decision steps that determine whether certain caspase family cell death proteases remain quiescent or become active. To date, approximately 17 cellular homologs of Bcl-2 and at least 15 caspases have been identified in mammals. Other types of proteins may also modulate apoptotic responses through effects on apoptosis-regulatory proteins, such as BAG-1-a heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70/Hsc70)-binding protein that can modulate stress responses and alter the functions of a variety of proteins involved in cell death and division. In this report, we summarize our attempts thus far to explore the expression of several Bcl-2 family proteins, caspase-3, and BAG-1 in primary breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we describe some of our preliminary observations concerning the prognostic significance of these apoptosis regulatory proteins in breast cancer patients, contrasting results derived from women with localized disease (with or without node involvement) and metastatic cancer.
Efficient sensitivity analysis of optical structures using Finite Element Method (2012)

We present a new efficient technique for the sensitivity analysis of waveguide structures with arbitrary shapes. Those waveguides are analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Our technique uses the solution obtained by any FEM solver and without the need of performing any extra FEM simulation, it gives accurate results for the sensitivity of the modal parameters with respect to all the design parameters. This is far more efficient than the traditional finite difference techniques for estimating the sensitivities. The finite difference methods require a number of extra simulations proportional to the number of design parameters.
Application of atomic-force microscopy when measuring microhardness of thin coatings by scratching (2007)

The method is proposed for determining the microhardness of thin coatings by scratching. Atomic force microscopy was applied to determine the scratch width and the optimal load on the indenter. Combined coatings 4 μm thick based on Ti, Cr, Mo2N, and alloy ZrHf obtained by the combination of electric-arc evaporation and ion nitridizing were studied. The combined coatings are shown to have better micromechanical characteristics compared to the nitride coatings deposited by the electric-arc evaporation of these refractory metals and alloys.
Supramolecular assemblies of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene with aquated trivalent lanthanide ions (2002)

New structural motifs incorporating trivalent lanthanoid ions and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, derived from solutions with or without potential host molecules for the calixarene, notably 18-crown-6, 1-aza-18-crown-6, and cryptand[2.2.2], have been authenticated. These include coordination polymers which form bi-layer sheet structures and an unprecedented combined ‘ferris wheel’ and ‘molecular capsule’ structure for Ce3+ which incorporates two previously reported structural motifs associated with this type of chemistry, respectively for elements to the left and right of cerium in the lanthanide series.
Modulation of Head Movement Control During Walking (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination of the head relative to the trunk within a gait cycle during gaze fixation. Nine normal subjects walked on a motorized treadmill driven at 1.79 m/sec (20 s trials) while fixing their gaze on a centrally located earth-fixed target positioned at a distance of 2m from their eyes. The relative motion of the head and the net torque acting on it relative to the trunk during the gait cycle were used as measures of coordination. It was found that the net torque applied to the head counteracts the destabilizing forces acting on the upper body during locomotion. The average net torque impulse was significantly different (p less than 0.05) between the heel strike and swing phases and were found to be symmetrical between the right and left leg events of the gait cycle. However, the average net displacement of the head relative to the trunk was maintained uniform (p greater than 0.05) throughout the gait cycle. Thus, the coordination of the motion of the head relative to the trunk during walking is dynamically modulated depending on the behavioral events occurring in the gait cycle. This modulation may serve to aid stabilization of the head by counteracting the force variations acting on the upper body that may aid in the visual fixing of targets during walking.
The Norepinephrine Transporter in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Investigated With Positron Emission Tomography (2014)

Our results do not indicate involvement of changes in brain NET availability or distribution in the pathogenesis of ADHD. However, the noradrenergic transmitter system may be affected on a different level, such as in cortical regions, which cannot be reliably quantified with this positron emission tomography ligand. Alternatively, different key proteins of noradrenergic neurotransmission might be affected.
The Synthetic Assessment Modeling of Ships' Oil Spill Risk Based on Fuzzy Neural Network (2010)

The paper firstly emphasizes the importance of synthetic risk assessment of ships' oil spill risk and then puts forwards that neglecting environmental hazards and management deficiencies is the congenital defect of current research. The paper builds assessment model of ships' oil spill risk based on fuzzy neural network which relates to two emphases, namely, index system and coupling assessment model. The relevant maritime data is inputted into the network, and by training, the structure and parameters of network are optimized, so we can achieve effective safety evaluation.
Joint frequency and timing recovery for MSK-type modulation (1999)

We investigate a novel nondata-aided method for jointly estimating timing and carrier frequency offset in MSK-type modulation. The algorithm has a feedforward structure and lends itself to a simple digital implementation. Its estimation accuracy depends on a design parameter that may be varied to trade performance for computational complexity. Setting the parameter to unity yields a synchronization scheme already known in the literature. Computer simulations are used to assess the synchronizer performance on AWGN Rayleigh fading channels with MSK and Gaussian MSK modulation.
A novel partial sampling MMSE receiver for uplink multicarrier CDMA (2002)

In a regular multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) receiver, timing of the starting point of the desired signal must be found with small error in order to demodulate correctly the information carried by different subcarriers. This requires a complicated timing acquisition for each user in the receiver of the uplink MC-CDMA system due to the randomness of delays. We remove this requirement for the uplink receiver by providing a method using partial sampling demodulation. The proposed partial sampling minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver is shown to have stronger capability of both interference suppression and near-far resistance than that of a regular symbol receiver The proposed receiver can be implemented adaptively by using a least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. A training sequence is required to achieve initial adaptation.
Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) for ratiometric peroxynitrite sensing through FRET (2017)

This work describes a facile yet powerful approach to energy-transfer NMOF (nanoscale metal-organic framework) fabrication for ratiometric peroxynitrite (ONOO<sup>-</sup>) sensing. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is chosen to organize the energy donor (NMOF) and acceptor (molecular probes). PVA can conveniently graft onto the NMOF surface and bind to the molecular probes bearing the arylboronic acid group through multiple weak coordination interactions. Due to efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the bright blue fluorescence of the NMOF is quenched while the green or red emission from the acceptor is enhanced. Upon reacting with ONOO<sup>-</sup>, the ONOO<sup>-</sup> sensors depart from the NMOF and the FRET is interrupted and the fluorescence of the NMOF recovered. Based on this strategy, we developed two ratiometric ONOO<sup>-</sup> nanosensors for the detection of ONOO<sup>-</sup> in solutions and living cells. This work is the first report of NMOF ONOO<sup>-</sup> sensors through FRET and could inspire the design of other NMOF based chemical sensors and biosensors.
A Structurally Unique, Potent, and Selective Oxytocin Antagonist Derived from Streptomyces silvensis (1989)

The in vitro and in vivo oxytocin/arginine vasopressin (OT/AVP) antagonist properties of two cyclic hexapeptides derived from a newly discovered natural product (L-156,373) of Streptomyces silvensis are described. In radioligand binding assays, L-156,373 [cyclo(L-Pro-D-Phe-N-OH-L-Ile-D-piperazyl-L-piperazyl-N-Me-D -Phe)] exhibited moderate affinity for rat uterine OT receptors (Ki, 150 nM), with some selectivity (approximately 20-fold) vs. liver AVP-V1 and kidney AVP-V2 receptors. Dehydroxylation of N-hydroxyisoleucine and oxidation of the piperazic acid residues of L-156-373 produced an interesting derivative, L-365,209. These structural modifications increased OT receptor affinity and selectivity by 20- and 2.5-5-fold, respectively. In the isolated rat uterus, L-365,209 was a potent (apparent dissociation constant, 1.7 nM) and competitive OT antagonist. L-365,209 also blocked the effects of AVP at both AVP-V1 (phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat hepatocytes) and AVP-V2 (adenylate cyclase in rat kidney medulla) receptors, but only at low micromolar concentrations. L-365,209, given iv to anesthetized rats, antagonized the action of exogenous OT on the uterus (ID50, 460 micrograms/kg) with a relatively long duration of action. L-365,209 represents a unique class of compounds that provides an entirely new approach for the design of antagonists for these neurohypophyseal hormones.
Automatic exhaustive calculations of large material space by Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation method applied to equiatomic quaternary high entropy alloys (2022)

Automatic exhaustive exploration of a large material space by high-performance supercomputers is crucial for developing new functional materials. We demonstrated the efficiency of high-throughput calculations using the all-electron Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation method with the density functional theory for the large material space consisting of quaternary high entropy alloys, which are nonstoichiometric and substitutionally disordered materials. The exhaustive calculations were performed for 147 630 systems based on the AkaiKKR program package and supercomputer Fugaku, where the numerical parameters and self-consistent convergence are automatically controlled. The large material database including the total energies, magnetization, Curie temperature, and residual resistivity was constructed by our calculations. We used frequent itemset mining to identify the characteristics of parcels in magnetization and Curie temperature space. We also identified the elements that enhance the magnetization and Curie temperature and clarified the rough dependence of the elements through regression modeling of the residual resistivity.
[Activity of Dipernoids isolated from Azorella compacta (Llareta) on Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes]. (1999)

The trypanocidad activity against amastigote forms of SPA-14, Tulahuen and G strains and CL Brener clone of Trypanosoma cruzi of diterpenoids isolated from Azorella compacta, Phil. (Llareta), a plant with ethnomedicinal prestige from prespanish age, was investigated. Amastigocidal activity was shown in azorellanol (2), diterpene isolated by first time, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) that varied between 60 M (CL Brener clone) and 84 M (SPA-14 strain), and in mulin -11,13 -dien-20-oico acid (5) with IC50 between 41 microM (G strain) and 87 mM (CL Brener clone). The cytotoxicity levels of both compounds against Hela and Vero cells and macrophages J144 are lower than nifurtimox and similar to gentian violet.
Autonomous and cooperative robotic behavior based on fuzzy logic and genetic programming (2007)

Advances in a fuzzy decision theory that allow automatic cooperation between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are discussed. The algorithms determine points the UAVs are to sample, flight paths, and the optimal UAVs for the task and related changes du
Applications of the wavelet theory on turbulent time signals: denoising and conditioning (2012)

International audience
Lactate Dehydrogenase of Lobster (Homarus americanus) Tail Muscle (1969)

Catalytic, physical and chemical properties of enzyme lactate dehydrogenase isolated from lobster tail muscle