gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oscillatory Suction Actuator: Fundamentals, Interactions and Efficiency (2020)

An experimental study of a new oscillatory suction actuator with no moving parts was conducted, for active flow control applications. Following the SaOB (Steady Suction and Oscillatory Blowing) actuator, a new actuator was developed with the ability to create both oscillatory suction and oscillatory blowing. The investigation was conducted in three steps – a benchtop characterization in still-air, actuation - transitional boundary layer interaction over a flat-plate in a small-scale low-speed wind tunnel and implementation on a specially designed airfoil which was tested in a medium-scale wind tunnel. The actuator concept is based on pulsing a pair of ejectors by a single fluidic oscillator. The results show an increase in the actuation efficiency in comparison to steady suction, resulting from a lower energy consumption that leads to the same desired airfoil performance. Lower values of momentum thickness, θ, (points on the ability to delay boundary layer separation) are also achieved by the unsteady suction in comparison to the steady suction.
Ion Thrusters (2010)

Abstract Ion thrusters utilize high‐voltage grids to electrostatically accelerate ions to high velocity to produce thrust. Efficient ionization of the propellant carried onboard the spacecraft is achieved by optimized hollow cathode, RF or microwave discharge chambers, and electrons from an external hollow cathode are injected into the ion beam to provide charge neutralization in order to avoid spacecraft charging. The ion thruster propulsion subsystem also contains a power processor, a propellant control system and a gimbal mechanism. The high exhaust velocities produced in present flight thrusters by acceleration of the ions to energies in the range of 1–2 keV produces a specific impulse that exceeds 3000 s, and energies of over 10 keV have been demonstrated. The low thrust produced by these devices of typically a fraction of a Newton requires that thruster lifetimes measured in years are needed for most deep space prime propulsion and earth‐orbiting station‐keeping applications. Ion thrusters feature the highest efficiency (60 to &lt; 80%) and very high specific impulse (2000 to over 10000 s) compared to other thruster types.
Development of an off bypass mitral valve repair. (1999)

The MV screw has provided durable leaflet coaptation and has reduced regurgitation in human MVs. Initial data on the MV screw's biocompatibility and interactions with living valve tissue is promising. Our early success supports further efforts towards the maturation of this prototype into off bypass mitral valve repair technology.
Selenium Biotransformations in an Insect Ecosystem:  Effects of Insects on Phytoremediation (2004)

Phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated soils may be influenced by higher trophic levels including insects. We examined how selenium affects the behavior, survival, and development of the wasp parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris, parasitizing its natural host, the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, feeding on alfalfa, Medicago sativa, irrigated with water containing selenate. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify the selenium chemical forms in each trophic level. Alfalfa partially transformed selenate to organoselenium. S. exigua contained only organoselenium, both directly absorbed from M. sativa and transformed from selenate. C. marginiventris cocoons collected shortly after larval emergence contained only organoselenium derived from the host. The surprising finding of trimethylselenonium-like species in adult parasitoids and the cocoons from which they emerged suggests that adults and pharates can detoxify excess selenium through methylation and volatilization. Adult parasitoids do not discriminate against selenium-containing alfalfa, even though alfalfa generates selenium volatiles. Parasitoids raised on selenium-fed larvae emerged later and pupae weighed less than their selenium-free counterparts. We conclude therefore that C. marginiventris can be used to control S. exigua damage to M. sativa being used to remove selenium from soils. Moreover, the presence of such insects may improve phytoremediation by increasing biotransformation of inorganic selenium and release of volatile selenium species.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative, High-Throughput, Fluorescent-Based Bioassay to Detect Schistosoma Viability (2010)

The wide-scale application of this fluorescence-based bioassay will greatly accelerate the objective identification of novel therapeutic lead targets/compounds to combat schistosomiasis. Adapting this bioassay for use with other parasitic worm species further offers an opportunity for great strides to be made against additional neglected tropical diseases of biomedical and veterinary importance.
Nanocomposites as Designed Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2002)

Abstract : The specific aim of this research project is the development of novel methods for preparing improved catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) These catalysts consist of metal alloy nanoclusters dispersed onto a conductive carbon support Synthetic control of the alloy nanocluster composition is achieved by preparing molecular precursors in which the precursor contains two or more metals of a desired stoichiometry Adsorption of single-source molecular precursors onto Vulcan carbon powder followed by appropriate thermal treatment affords metal alloy or intermetallic/carbon nanocomposites.
Identification of Mislabeled Specimen by Molecular Methods: Case Report and Review (2005)

Specimen misidentification is a common cause of errors in surgical pathology. We report a case where bone-marrow biopsies from patients of different genders were mislabeled and molecular methods were applied to resolve the identity. A short tandem repeat (STR)-polymerase chain reaction-based assay, commonly used in paternity testing, was employed in an attempt to assign the correct identity to the specimens. However, the specimens had been processed by decalcification and the DNA yield was poor. One of the markers in the assay is the non-STR amelogenin locus that distinguishes the X and Y chromosomes. This amelogenin marker results in a product of low molecular weight, enabling unequivocal resolution of identity despite a poor DNA yield. The prevalence of errors in pathology due to specimen misidentifications is reviewed.
Thermal stratification in lakes: Analytical and laboratory studies (1969)

Theories are developed for the time dependent vertical temperature distribution in a deep lake during the yearly cycle of solar heating and cooling. A portion of the incoming solar radiation is assumed to be absorbed at the water surface, whereas the remainder is absorbed exponentially beneath the surface. Heat is also conducted downward by molecular diffusion. A heat flux balance at the water surface, which accounts for back radiation and evaporative heat loss, is formulated as a boundary condition. The linear, second‐order heat transfer equation is solved by superposition of solutions for the surface absorbed radiation and the internally absorbed radiation. Analytical solutions are given for three different assumptions regarding the time dependence of the incoming radiation and the surface heat losses. At certain times, the resulting temperature and density distribution in the epilimnion are unstable. Under these conditions convective mixing and turbulent diffusion are accounted for by generating a surface mixed layer of uniform temperature. The depth of the surface mixed layer is determined by a thermal energy balance. The theory shows good agreement with field observations of temperature distributions in Lake Tahoe. Experiments are performed using artificial insolation (mercury vapor and infrared lamps) on a laboratory tank. We conclude that it is possible to simulate the development of thermal stratification under laboratory conditions.
Placement of distributed crack sensor on I‐shaped steel girders of medium‐span bridges, using available field data (2019)

It is critical to detect cracks in steel girders of bridges before they have the potential to compromise the integrity of the structure. Both distributed binary sensors and distributed fiber optic sensors are capable of detecting cracks that are wider than 0.2 mm in steel girders. The objective of this paper is to report the optimum placement of these sensors on the girder to detect smallest possible length of the crack. In this work, the optimized placement of crack sensors was studied using FEM of two typical medium-span simply supported steel girder bridges (Girder A, 30-m–long span, and Girder B, 22-m–long span). Using loads estimated from field monitoring data and FEM, a map of crack opening along the length of the crack was calculated for stable crack lengths. Using these maps and given the detectable crack opening of 0.2 mm, the optimum place to position a distributed crack sensor to detect the smallest crack length was determined. For Girder A, the sensor should be placed at 150 to 250 mm above flange at midspan and at one third from the support, and for the rest of the length of the girder, it should be placed at 200–300 mm above the bottom flange. For Girder B, the optimum placement for installation of binary sensor is estimated to be at 150 to 220 mm above the tension flange. The proposed method of calculation of placement can be used for installation of distributed sensors on other types of bridges.
Strained quantum well AlGaInP visible laser diodes (2002)

We investigated a strain-compensated MQW structure in order to introduce a large strain into a AlGaInP quantum well and achieved a low-threshold 630-nm-band laser diode with a high maximum operating temperature for the first time. The active region consists of tensile strained quantum wells and compressively strained quantum barriers. Using the strain-compensating technique, a large tensile strain can be introduced to the quantum well without misfit dislocations.
Mobile speed estimation for TDMA-based hierarchical cellular systems (2001)

A new algorithm is presented for estimating mobile speed for handoff in hierarchical cellular systems. The proposed algorithm is based on normalized autocorrelation values of received signals to estimate mobile speed; it contains six steps. First, the instantaneous power of the received baseband signal is calculated to remove the frequency offset and data/speech information-bearing signals, while keeping the Doppler frequency information. Second, the calculated power signal is filtered using a low-pass linear phase finite impulse response filter to suppress interference and noise. Third, the filtered power signal is decimated to ease the computational burden, while the decimation factor is properly chosen to avoid frequency aliasing. Fourth, autocorrelation values of the decimated filtered power signals are calculated on shifting slot by slot to suppress the "slot burst frequency" interference. Fifth, the calculated autocorrelation values are normalized to suppress the power fluctuation of the received signals. Finally, the normalized autocorrelation values are compared with thresholds to estimate mobile speed. The simulation results indicate that the new algorithm works very well for both nondispersive channels and dispersive channels to distinguish fast and slow moving mobiles. The method has very low latency, with results being available typically within 1 s after communication is established, and it can report estimation result every second or less. The algorithm has been implemented by software code into Nortel's base-station radios and tested in Nortel's wireless communications labs.
P08.61 The impact of extent of resection on the occurrence of pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients (2016)

Pseudoprogression (psPD) is a radiation-induced toxicity that has substantial neurological consequence in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. MGMT promoter methylation has been shown to be an important prognostic factor of psPD, but the significance of extent of resection (EOR) remains unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis on newly diagnosed GBM patients with assessable MGMT promoter status who underwent the Stupp protocol. EOR was grouped into gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), partial resection (PR) and stereotactic biopsy. Contrast enhancing lesion enlargement was classified as psPD or non-psPD. Among a total of 101 patients, GTR, STR, PR and stereotactic biopsy was performed in 57 (56.4 %), 34 (33.7 %), 9 (8.9 %) and 1 patient (1 %), respectively. Follow-up imaging at the end of Stupp protocol classified 45 patients (44.6 %) as psPD and 56 (55.4 %) as non-psPD. psPD was observed in 24 (61.5 %) of 39 patients with methylated MGMT promoter and 21 (33.9 %) of 62 patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter (p<0.01). psPD was documented in 17 (29.8 %), 19 (55.9 %), 8 (88.9 %) and 1 (100 %) patient with GTR, STR, PR, and stereotactic biopsy (p<0.01), respectively. On multivariate analysis MGMT promoter status (OR 3.36, 95 % CI 1.36–8.34) and EOR (OR 4.12, 95 % CI 1.71–9.91) were independent predictors of psPD. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that MGMT status (HR 2.51, p<0.01) and EOR (HR 2.99, p<0.01) significantly influenced survival. MGMT status and EOR have a significant impact on psPD. GTR can reduce the side effects of psPD and prolong survival.
Intelligent walls as autonomous parts of smart indoor environments (2012)

This study introduces the concept of an intelligent wall as an autonomous part of a smart indoor environment for cognitive wireless networks. Here, an intelligent wall is a wall inside a building equipped with an active frequency-selective surface, simple low-cost sensors and a cognitive engine with machine-learning ability. Using simulations, it has been shown that the smart environment based on intelligent walls can react to the immediate demands of an indoor wireless system, control radio coverage and, consequently, influence the overall system performance. The concept of the intelligent walls is described and evaluated based on a simple implementation of an arrangement of two intelligent walls in a conference centre scenario. Artificial neural networks were employed in the cognitive engine. Elementary orthogonal frequency division multiple access static system simulations are used to analyse the influence of the smart environment on the system performance. Results are discussed in detail and typical characteristics of the aforementioned system are derived and summarised.
Differential incorporation of 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine and 9‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylguanine into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (2000)

The anti-leukemic nucleoside analogs 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (araG) are dependent on intracellular phosphorylation for pharmacological activity. AraC is efficiently phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). Although araG is phosphorylated by dCK in vitro, it is a preferred substrate of mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase. We have used autoradiography to show that araC was incorporated into nuclear DNA in Molt-4 and CEM T-lymphoblastoid cells as well as in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In contrast, araG was predominantly incorporated into mitochondrial DNA in the investigated cell lines, without detectable incorporation into nuclear DNA. These data suggest that the molecular targets of araG and araC may differ.
Fasting-dependent Vascular Permeability Enhancement in Brown Adipose Tissues Evidenced by Using Carbon Nanotubes as Fluorescent Probes (2018)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is composed of thermogenic brown adipocytes (BA) and non-parenchymal components including vasculatures and extracellular matrix, contribute to the maintenance of body temperature. BAT distribution is detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) using <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxy glucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) or single-photon-emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using [<sup>123</sup>/<sup>125</sup>I]-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid. Although sympathetic nerve activity and thermogenic capacity of BA is downregulated under fasting conditions in mice, fasting-dependent structural changes and fluid kinetics of BAT remain unknown. Here we show that the fasting induces fine and reversible structural changes in the non-parenchymal region in murine BAT with widened intercellular spaces and deformed collagen bands as revealed by electron microscopy. Interestingly, a newly introduced near infrared fluorescent probe of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with phospholipid polyethylene glycol (PLPEG) easily demonstrated enhanced vascular permeability in BAT by the fasting. PLPEG-CNTs extravasated and remained in intercellular spaces or further redistributed in parenchymal cells in fasted mice, which is a previously unknown phenomenon. Thus, PLPEG-CNTs provide a powerful tool to trace fluid kinetics in sub-tissue levels.
Investigating the Qn Site of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Mutants Resistant to Ilicicolin H, a Novel Qn Site Inhibitor (2006)

The cytochrome bc1 complex resides in the inner membrane of mitochondria and transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. This electron transfer is coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane by the protonmotive Q cycle mechanism. This mechanism topographically separates reduction of quinone and reoxidation of quinol at sites on opposite sites of the membrane, referred to as center N (Qn site) and center P (Qp site), respectively. Both are located on cytochrome b, a transmembrane protein of the bc1 complex that is encoded on the mitochondrial genome. To better understand the parameters that affect ligand binding at the Qn site, we applied the Qn site inhibitor ilicicolin H to select for mutations conferring resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The screen resulted in seven different single amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b rendering the yeast resistant to the inhibitor. Six of the seven mutations have not been previously linked to inhibitor resistance. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activities of mitochondrial membranes isolated from the mutants confirmed that the differences in sensitivity toward ilicicolin H originated in the cytochrome bc1 complex. Comparative in vivo studies using the known Qn site inhibitors antimycin and funiculosin showed little cross-resistance, indicating different modes of binding of these inhibitors at center N of the bc1 complex.
The Human Brain: Surface, Blood Supply, and Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy (2001)

The Human Brain: Surface, Blood Supply, and Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy. Henri M. Duvernoy.New York, Springer-Verlag, 1999, ed 2. Pages: 464. Price: $250.00. IBSN: 3-211-83158-4. Mark D. Krieger , New York, New York Duvernoy's second edition of The Human Brain: Surface, Blood Supply and Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy is a masterpiece. Although many brain atlases have been published, some, such as Duvernoy's, stand well above the rest. Brain anatomy and its three-dimensional relationships are requisite knowledge for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, psychiatrists, and neuroscience researchers. The aim of this volume is to provide specialists in these areas with essential and fundamental anatomic information.FIGURE The second edition of this text is larger and more complete than the first. Added are an overview of surface anatomy, brief notations on functional anatomy according to Brodmann's map, new MRI studies, a chapter on the blood supply limited to the cortex and tuberal region, and a brief...
Phase 1b/2 umbrella study of investigational immune and targeted combination therapies for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). (2022)

TPS404 Background: New treatments for first and subsequent lines of therapy for ccRCC are needed. An adaptive, open-label, rolling-arm, multicenter, phase 1b/2 umbrella platform trial in advanced ccRCC is being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiple combinations of investigational agents targeting CTLA-4 (quavonlimab [MK-1308]), hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (belzutifan [MK-6482]), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (favezelimab [MK-4280]), immunoglobulinlike transcript 4 (MK-4830), PD-1 (pembrolizumab), and vascular endothelial growth factor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI; lenvatinib) for advanced ccRCC. Substudy 03A (NCT04626479) will evaluate first-line therapy combinations, and substudy 03B (NCT04626518) will evaluate therapies in patients experiencing progression on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and VEGF-TKIs in combination or in sequence. Methods: Adults with histologically confirmed ccRCC and KPS score ≥70% are eligible. Patients in substudy 03A cannot have previously received systemic therapy for advanced ccRCC. Patients in substudy 03B must have progression (per RECIST v1.1) on or after treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and a VEGF-TKI for advanced ccRCC. Both substudies will have a safety lead-in phase for experimental combinations with investigational agents to establish a recommended phase 2 dose, followed by an efficacy phase. Experimental arms will enroll approximately 80 (03A) and 50 (03B) patients. Patients will be randomly assigned 2:1 (03A) or 1:1 (03B) to an experimental arm or a reference arm (pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks [Q6W] + lenvatinib 20 mg orally once daily [QD]). Experimental arms in 03A are MK-1308A (coformulation of quavonlimab 25 mg and pembrolizumab 400 mg IV Q6W) + lenvatinib (20 mg orally QD), MK-4280A (coformulation of favezelimab 800 mg and pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks [Q3W]) + lenvatinib (20 mg orally QD), and belzutifan (120 mg orally QD) + lenvatinib (20 mg orally QD) + pembrolizumab (400 mg Q6W IV). Experimental arms in 03B are MK-1308A, MK-4280A, pembrolizumab (400 mg Q6W IV) + belzutifan (120 mg orally QD), lenvatinib (20 mg orally QD) + belzutifan (120 mg orally QD), and pembrolizumab (200 mg IV Q3W) + MK-4830 (800 mg IV Q3W). Treatment will continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Primary end points for the safety lead-in phase are safety and tolerability; coprimary end points for the efficacy phase are safety and objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points during the efficacy phase are duration of response, progression-free survival (RECIST v1.1 by BICR), clinical benefit rate, and overall survival. Both substudies are recruiting patients in Australia, Canada, France, Israel, South Korea, Spain, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Clinical trial information: NCT04626479; NCT04626518.