gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Considerations in Automatic Question Generation (2014)

As students read expository text, comprehension is improved by pausing to answer questions that reinforce the material. We describe an automatic question generator that uses semantic pattern recognition to create questions of varying depth and type for self-study or tutoring. Throughout, we explore how linguistic considerations inform system design. In the described system, semantic role labels of source sentences are used in a domain-independent manner to generate both questions and answers related to the source sentence. Evaluation results show a 44% reduction in the error rate relative to the best prior systems, averaging over all metrics, and up to 61% reduction in the error rate on grammaticality judgments.
A Comparison of Bending Properties for Cellular Core Sandwich Panels (2013)

In this study, various sandwich panel structures with different reticulate lattice core geometries were designed and then fabricated in titanium via the electron beam melting (EBM) process. Bending tests were performed on the titanium samples, and mechanical properties such as modulus, bending strength, and energy absorption were evaluated. Different failure mechanisms were observed, and it was found that sandwich structures with auxetic cores exhibited more homogeneous deflection and bending compliance compared with other structures. It was also demonstrated that properties of auxetic sandwich structures can be tailored using different cell structure geometries to suit the needs of a given design application. Furthermore, it was found that other 3D cellular sandwich structures can also exhibit high stiffness and strength, which is desirable in potential applications.
Substituent-directed alkyl addition reactions of epoxides. 1. Applications to the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-methylalkanoic acids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent-directed alkyl addition reactions of epoxides. 1. Applications to the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-methylalkanoic acidsLee A. Flippin, Peter A. Brown, and Keyvan Jalali-AraghiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 15, 3588–3596Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00276a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00276a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views612Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate on nucleolar organizer regions and epidermal growth factor receptor of Dunn osteosarcoma cells. (1997)

We investigated the characteristics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on differentiated Dunn osteosarcoma in response to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Bt2cAMP). In the presence of 3 mM Bt2cAMP, the mean number of NORs was significantly decreased in 24 hrs and 48 hrs compared with the untreated group. Also, EGFR affinity was decreased and the EGFR number was increased in response to the cellular differentiation by Bt2cAMP. The decrease in EGFR affinity might be considered as an indicator of differentiation or the mature state of the cells. Thus, the present study provides a new clue to support differentiation of osteosarcoma cells from the viewpoint of NORs findings and EGFR analysis as a differentiation marker.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VARIOUS CONCRETE MIXES SUBJECTED TO SULFURIC ACID (2019)

Concrete is an essential structural material that has long been used for the construction of buildings, bridges, tanks, pavements and variety of the other types of structures. Due to its physical properties and economical use, concrete is used extensively in the country's infrastructure. In the Oil and Gas sector, concrete infrastructures are more challenging structures, which are exposed to a highly aggressive environment. A special type of reinforced concrete structure exposed to different forms of sulfur attack is the sulfur storage structure, typically referred to as "Sulfur Pit". Sulfur Pit is an essential part of oil and gas processing facilities, where the sulfur after extraction from the hydrocarbons in Sulfur Recovery Units is stored and maintained in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from 130 °C to 160 °C. The gas sweeting process results in the formation of acid gas consisting of H 2 S, water vapor in addition to residual sulfuric acid. Reinforced concrete exposed to this environment is subject to deterioration and corrosion of the reinforcing steel. This paper presents the experimental investigation of four different concrete mixes exposed to 5% sulfuric acid at ambient temperature. These mixes include normal OPC, sulfate resistant (Type V) cement, and two mixes with supplementary cementitious materials blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Class-F fly ash. The investigation is focused on mechanical properties and mass loss of the concrete samples.
Rubber Microscopy (1973)

Abstract Rubber microscopy was limited in its beginning primarily to the study of the filler materials dispersed in the rubber, to a surveillance of the fineness of these materials, as well as to the investigation of articles made of rubber for the purpose of elucidating technological questions which had to do with structure and preparation or manufacture. In the last few decades considerable improvement in techniques of microscopical investigations have given a new impetus to rubber microscopy so that, in addition to the above named applications, new goals have become possible. Thus today with the aid of electron microscopy, interference microscopy, and also spectrophotometric and polarization optical measurement procedures applied to microscopic objects one can designate rubber microscopy as a valuable aid in the investigation of the microstructure of rubber materials of all kinds. The technology of preparing specimens for electron microscopy has been particularly helpful to produce knowledge concerning the flow phenomena in colloidal situations which take place when carbon black is mixed into the rubber and which lead to the formation of a special network consisting of carbon black and rubber. In addition to this, there was derived from the logical and practical application of the above mentioned investigative procedures an improvement in analytical methods whereby only small amounts of materials are needed for the investigation of mixes or compounds and vulcanizates. Thus today one can name three principal application areas for rubber microscopy: 1. The study of the microstructure of rubber compounds and vulcanizates; 2. The analytical investigation of compounds and vulcanizates; 3. The examination of articles made of rubber in order to clarify their structure as well as to solve technological problems.
Selection and maintenance of mine haul road wearing course materials (2006)

The drive for greater cost efficiencies in surface mining has led to the development of very large off highway trucks currently capable of hauling payloads in excess of 290 tons on mine haul road networks that have historically been designed empirically, relying heavily on local experience. With the trend in increasing truck size, haul road performance has become unpredictable, difficult to manage and costs of both maintaining the road and operating the truck have also increased prohibitively. Most surface mine operators agree that good roads are desirable, but find it difficult to translate this requirement into an effective and responsive road maintenance management system (MMS). The aim of the present paper is to present an overview of the wearing course material selection for mine haul road applications and to recommend appropriate wearing course material selection guidelines. Using the material performance models established, the paper then describes the development of a haul road MMS utilising mine haul truck operating cost models to derive an optimal frequency of road maintenance. Finally, a typical application is presented which illustrates the potential of the technique to manage maintenance as and where needed with resultant reduction in total road user costs and an improvement in service provided for the road user.
Supplementary Data from Leukocyte Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Phenotypic and Spatial Features Associated with Clinical Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File contains supplementary Materials &amp; Methods, supplementary References, and Supplementary Tables S1-S10.&lt;/p&gt;
DLR hand II: hard- and software architecture for information processing (2004)

In the robotic community more and more hands have been developed. These newly designed manipulators greatly outperform their ancestors in terms of available sensor signals, applicable grasping force, mechanical stability, reliability, kinematic design and more. This development extends the possible range and complexity of applications of robotic grippers also to areas outside of well structured laboratories and simple tasks. It also calls for more flexible control structures to provide a framework for implementing and executing these newly arising tasks without having to start from scratch for each new task. During the last few years we developed a control system architecture for DLR hand II that proved to be useful for a great variety of different applications. This paper presents the basic ideas behind DLR hand II's hard- and software architecture adapted to new needs in data processing.
Homocysteine Levels Influence Platelet Reactivity in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Treated With Acetylsalicylic Acid (2015)

Among patients with CAD, elevated homocysteine is an independent predictor of suboptimal response to ASA, but not to ADP antagonists.
Aircraft compartment design criteria for the army deployment mission (1961)

Abstract An important mission of military cargo aircraft is the deployment of army equipment to areas of actual or potential warfare. The large number of vehicles required to support army forces makes weight anti cube, the traditional measures of airlift capacity, insufficient for analysis of the amount of such cargo which can be carried by various aircraft. This paper uses a representative list of army deployment cargo to investigate the capacity of alternative aircraft designs. A loading model is developed to estimate the relationship between cargo compartment dimensions and loading efficiency. The relationship between Compartment floor area and floor area of vehicles loaded is found to be remarkably stable over a large range of alternative compartment sizes. A second model is used to minimize the distribution of total weight per aircraft when the aircraft are loaded in accordance with the criteria of the first model. The resultant distributions, presented for various compartment sizes, suggest the relationship between cargo compartment and payload capacity which would be optimum for this particular mission.
The Phytoestrogen Coumestrol Is a Naturally Occurring Antagonist of the Human Pregnane X Receptor (2007)

Antagonizing the action of the human nuclear xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) may have important clinical implications in preventing drug-drug interactions and improving therapeutic efficacy. We provide evidence that a naturally occurring phytoestrogen, coumestrol, is an antagonist of the nuclear receptor PXR (NR1I2). In transient transfection assays, coumestrol was able to suppress the agonist effects of SR12813 on human PXR activity. PXR activity was assessed and correlated with effects on the metabolism of the anesthetic tribromoethanol and on gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. We found that coumestrol was able to suppress the effects of PXR agonists on the expression of the known PXR target genes, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, in primary human hepatocytes as well as inhibit metabolism of tribromoethanol in humanized PXR mice. Coumestrol at concentrations above 1.0 microm competed in scintillation proximity assays with a labeled PXR agonist for binding to the ligand-binding cavity. However, mammalian two-hybrid assays and transient transcription data using ligand-binding-cavity mutant forms of PXR show that coumestrol also antagonizes coregulator recruitment. This effect is likely by binding to a surface outside the ligand-binding pocket. Taken together, these data imply that there are antagonist binding site(s) for coumestrol on the surface of PXR. These studies provide the basis for development of novel small molecule inhibitors of PXR with the ultimate goal of clinical applications toward preventing drug-drug interactions.
Hot-carrier reliability of p-MOSFET with ultra-thin silicon nitride gate dielectric (2002)

The degradation of 100 nm effective channel length pMOS transistors with 14 /spl Aring/ equivalent oxide thickness jet vapor deposited (JVD) Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ gate dielectric under hot-carrier stress is studied. Interface-state generation is identified as the dominant degradation mechanism. Hot-carrier-induced gate leakage may become a new reliability concern. Hot-carrier reliability of 14 /spl Aring/ Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ transistors is compared to the reliability of 16 /spl Aring/ SiO/sub 2/ transistors.
SpaceWire - Improvements in Support of Mission Requirements (2005)

SpaceWire is a data transmission standard that defines communication links and networks. Faulttolerant, redundant systems of high performance can be built. Link speeds currently available in products exceed 400Mb/s and system speeds are a large multiple of this. N+1 or N+M redundancy can be provided, as can point-to-point bandwidth multiplication by grouping links. Time signal propagation is defined by the current standard across a SpaceWire link and globally throughout a network. A short (6-bit) value is transferred to all nodes in the network. It is intended that this value represents a tick that increments at regular intervals and is enhanced by transmission of courser interval data by means of supplementary packets transmitted normally. Jitter is of the order of micro-seconds. 4Links has demonstrated a technique, fully compliant with the standard, which allows zero-jitter time codes from the time-code generator and jitters of the order of nanoseconds across a network. This technique will be described and results graphically shown. Routing switches, as defined in the current standard, are able to recognize packets as having one of two priorities. Whenever more than one packet is waiting for transmission, the router will select the higher priority packet. Packets, whether low or high priority, are forced to wait while any packet currently being transferred completes its passage through the link. Such delays occur at each routing switch and their duration is a function of the sizes of packets in the system. The delays have high variance and do not permit fast real-time performance. We propose introducing a pre-emptive priority mechanism by which transmission of lower priority packets may be temporarily suspended so that urgent packets may delivered to tight time deadlines. We show how this can be implemented. Errors on a link cause that link to re-start, resetting values and recovering to a known good state. Unfortunately, an error in one direction of data transfer causes loss of data in the opposite direction while recovering. There is a loss of communication for many micro-seconds as this process completes. Such a long gap exists for historical compatibility reasons but need not be a limitation on new designs. We show how it is possible to significantly reduce recovery time in the direction in which the error occurs and to eliminate it entirely in the opposite direction.
Binding orientation and reactivity of alkyl α,ω-dibromides in water-soluble cavitands (2019)

Host-guest complexation of long chain α,ω-dibromides was evaluated in deep water-soluble cavitands 1 and 2. The bound dibromides (C7-C12) tumble rapidly on the NMR timescale and averaged signals were observed. The complexation allows mono hydrolysis of dibromides in aqueous solution. The arrangement of the products in the host-guest complex was fixed in an unsymmetrical manner that protects the guest from further reaction. Up to 93% yields of the mono-alcohols were obtained. The α,ω-dibromides formed a capsule with cavitand 2 and remained unreactive to hydrolysis.
Cover Image (2019)

The cover image is based on the RESEARCH ARTICLE Multiscale method based on coupled lattice-Boltzmann and Langevin-dynamics for direct simulation of nanoscale particle/polymer suspensions in complex flows, by Zixiang Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.4752 Cover image © Zixiang Liu Images
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Artemisia absinthium Asteraceae Leaves (2017)

This study reports on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium L. leaves AA EO collected in Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs were determined by the broth dilution method in 96-well microplates. AA EO was inactive against most of the investigated oral pathogens, but it displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus mutans MIC = 250 μg/mL and very promising activity against Streptococcus mitis MIC = 62.5 μg/mL. Gas chromatography GC FID and gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS revealed that camphor 1, 19.0 %, E-caryophyllene 2, 9.3 %, eucalyptol 3, 6.8 %, germacrene D 6.7 %, and α-cadinol 6.5 % were the major chemical constituents of AA EO. However, when tested alone, compounds 1, 2, and 3 were inactive MIC > 1000 μg/mL against all the studied microorganisms.
Interactive System for Gender Classification (2023)

Abstract: A study on the detection of gender, based on voice using artificial neural networks. In today’s fast-moving world Gender classification through voice plays an important role to enhance performance in Speech recognition systems, Forensic investigation, and Marketing. The dataset has 3,168 recorded voice samples of male and female voices. The samples are produced by using acoustic analysis. The primary goal of the proposed model is to automate the system to identify gender based on the audio signals and to test the voice of a human on the spot. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with ReLU activation function as a model has been trained to predict gender. Nadam optimizer is used for the optimization of neural networks, K-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machines are trained on the dataset of 3,168 records. The obtained best accuracy is 97% on the given dataset by MLP algorithm. An Interactive web page has been built to test the voice without interruption and to predict its gender. 125 real time samples are tested out of which model could classify every record into male/female. 19 male records are incorrectly classified.
EFFECTS OF CREEP FEEDING, MATURE COW WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD ON FARM GROSS MARGINS IN AN INTEGRATED BEEF PRODUCTION MODEL (1976)

A linear programming model of integrated beef production was used to determine the effects of different mature cow weights, levels of potential milk yield and creep feeding on economic efficiency. All biological values for this study were taken from the literature. The criteria for comparison were farm gross margins, defined as the difference between total revenue and total variable costs. The model is integrated in the sense that it includes a cow–calf operation with replacements bred on the farm, a feedlot for steers and surplus heifers, cropping, and the labor and capital required for livestock and cropping. Two management programs for weaning and rearing young calves were considered at each of four levels of farm resources (80 and 120 ha of land, each with one or two hired men). Beef:feed price ratios, the maximal daily dry matter intake for cows and the minimal land available for pasture were also varied. Larger cow sizes always gave larger farm gross margins. At both 5 and 10 kg/day milk yield, the management program that used creep feeding through to weaning at 213 days rather than to 70 days gave smaller farm gross margins ($14,813 and $15,166, compared with $16,836 and $16,052). Conclusions about optimal levels for feeding cows for milk were affected by the management program and by maximal daily dry matter intakes for cows. The minimal level of pasture available did not affect the rankings of cow sizes with respect to farm gross margins; there was only a 1.2% change on the average in the farm gross margins with 40 ha minimal pasture available, compared to the optimal cropping program. The beef:feed price ratio was generally not important to the rankings of cow sizes and milk yield, but it affected the magnitude of differences between cow sizes and between milk yields. Research needs for more detailed data on calf energy requirements, dry matter intakes, production from nursing cows at pasture and for defining optimal management programs were identified.
Influence of the secondary phases and post-annealing on the transport current density of sinter-forged (Bi, Pb)-2223 ceramics (1998)

Transport critical current measurements were performed at 77 K on bulk silver-less (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x ceramics textured by slow sinter-forging process. The influences of the 85 K superconductive 2212 phase and non-superconductive secondary phases (SrxCa1−x)2PbO4, (Sr,Ca)14Cu24Oy and (SrxCa1−x)2CuO3, are discussed in terms of their amounts, their grain sizes and shapes and their distribution among the 2223 matrix. The importance of the temperature profile and the atmosphere the annealing that follows the sinter-forging process is clearly demonstrated.
A. framework for integrating the real-time specification for Java and Java's remote method invocation (2002)

The Distributed Real-Time Specification for Java (DRTSJ) is being developed under Sun's Java Community Process. It is focused on supporting predictable, end-to-end timeliness for sequentially distributed computations (e.g., chains of invocations) in dynamic distributed object systems. This paper reports on an investigation to integrate and extend the existing real-time specification for Java and Java's Remote Method Invocation facility to provide the basis for the DRTSJ.