gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospective MR signal-based cardiac triggering (1999)

A cardiac motion compensation method using magnetic resonance signal-based triggering is presented. The method interlaces a triggering pulse sequence with an imaging sequence. The triggering sequence is designed to measure aortic blood velocity, from which cardiac phase can be inferred. The triggering sequence is executed repeatedly and the acquired data processed after each sequence iteration. When the desired phase of the cardiac cycle is detected, data are acquired using the imaging sequence. A signal-processing unit of a conventional scanner is used to process the triggering data in real time and issue triggering commands. Alternatively, a workstation, with a bus adaptor, can access data as they are acquired, process and display the data, and issue triggering commands. With a graphical user interface, the triggering pulse sequence and data-processing techniques can be modified instantaneously to optimize triggering. The technique is demonstrated with coronary artery imaging using both conventional two-dimensional Fourier transform scans and spiral trajectories.
Oxidative Stress and IgG Antibody Modify Periodontitis-CRP Association (2015)

In a previous report, we demonstrated the inverse association of high serum 8-isoprostane levels, a marker for oxidative stress, with decreased serum IgG antibodies to oral bacteria. The association between increased serum IgG with increased plaque and periodontitis (increased probing depths) was attenuated by high systemic oxidative stress. Other investigations have reported a role for systemic oxidative stress as a stimulus of hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) response. These observations led us to hypothesize that the reported relationship of periodontitis to elevated serum CRP, a systemic inflammatory marker, may be modified by oxidative stress and that the levels of serum antibodies to oral bacteria might be an intermediary explanatory variable linking the association of systemic oxidative stress, periodontal disease, and levels of CRP. This hypothesis was explored as a secondary analysis of the Dental ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study using serum levels of CRP, serum IgG levels to 16 oral organisms, serum levels of 8-isoprostane, and periodontal status. The findings indicate periodontitis is associated with high CRP in the presence of elevated oxidative stress that serves to suppress the IgG response. Only within the highest 8-isoprostane quartile was periodontitis (pocket depth) associated with increased serum CRP levels (P = 0.0003). Increased serum IgG antibody levels to oral bacteria were associated with lowered serum CRP levels. Thus, systemic oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to be associated with increased levels of CRP in other studies, appears to be associated with the suppression of bacterial-specific IgG levels, which in the presence of periodontal disease can result in an enhanced systemic CRP response. Conversely, individuals with increased serum IgG antibodies to plaque bacteria exhibit lowered serum CRP levels. These 2 factors, oxidative stress and the serum IgG response, appear to function in opposing directions to modify serum levels of CRP and the association with periodontitis.
Human reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells up-regulate Fas expression upon active cell cycling but remain resistant to Fas-induced suppression (2003)

The Fas receptor and its ligand have been implicated in mediating the bone marrow (BM) suppression observed in graft-versus-host disease and a number of other BM-failure syndromes. However, previous studies have suggested that Fas is probably not expressed on human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but up-regulated as a consequence of their commitment and differentiation, suggesting that progenitors or differentiated blood cells, rather than HSCs, are the targets of Fas-mediated suppression. The present studies confirm that candidate HSCs in human cord blood and BM lack constitutive expression of Fas, but demonstrate that Fas expression on CD34+ progenitor and stem cells is correlated to their cell cycle and activation status. With the use of recently developed in vitro conditions promoting HSC self-renewing divisions, Fas was up-regulated on virtually all HSCs capable of multilineage reconstituting nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice in vivo, as well as on long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs). Similarly, in vivo cycling of NOD-SCID repopulating cells upon transplantation, resulted in up-regulation of Fas expression. However, repopulating HSCs expressing high levels of Fas remained highly resistant to Fas-mediated suppression, and HSC function was compromised only upon coactivation with tumor necrosis factor. Thus, reconstituting human HSCs up-regulate Fas expression upon active cycling, demonstrating that HSCs could be targets for Fas-mediated BM suppression.
RAPID SEPARATION OF NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS BY SOLVATING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (2000)

Nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are used in the production of explosive and munitions, and are environmental contaminants as a result of such use. Conventional methods to detect these compounds have relied on liquid and gas chromatography to isolate the individual compounds which may be present at low levels in complex environmental matrices before final detection and identification. A new method, solvating gas chromatography, was used to rapidly separate 8 nitroaromatic compounds, showing improved speed relative to conventional liquid and gas chromatography methods. Solvating gas chromatography allows near real-time detection for these energetic compounds, providing improvements in their detection as environmental contaminants, and as compounds of interest to law enforcement and military organizations.
Cross-sectional reliability and concurrent validity of a quantitative 2-dimensional ultrasound image analysis of effusion and synovial hypertrophy in knee osteoarthritis (2023)

This new research tool for image analysis demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability, good concurrent validity, and moderate test-retest reliability. Quantitative 2D US measures of effusion-synovitis and its individual components may enhance the study and management of knee OA.
Enteric glia are multipotent in culture but primarily form glia in the adult rodent gut (2011)

It is unclear whether neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian enteric nervous system (ENS). Neural crest-derived cells capable of forming multilineage colonies in culture, and neurons and glia upon transplantation into chick embryos, persist throughout adult life in the mammalian ENS. In this study we sought to determine the physiological function of these cells. We discovered that these cells could be identified based on CD49b expression and that they had characteristics of enteric glia, including p75, GFAP, S100B, and SOX10 expression. To test whether new neurons or glia arise in the adult gut under physiological conditions, we marked dividing progenitors with a thymidine analog in rodents under steady-state conditions, or during aging, pregnancy, dietary changes, hyperglycemia, or exercise. We also tested gut injuries including inflammation, irradiation, benzalkonium chloride treatment, partial gut stenosis, and glial ablation. We readily observed neurogenesis in a neurogenic region of the central nervous system, but not reproducibly in the adult ENS. Lineage tracing of glial cells with GFAP-Cre and GFAP-CreERT2 also detected little or no adult ENS neurogenesis. Neurogenesis in the adult gut is therefore very limited under the conditions we studied. In contrast, ENS gliogenesis was readily observed under steady-state conditions and after injury. Adult enteric glia thus have the potential to form neurons and glia in culture but are fated to form mainly glia under physiological conditions and after the injuries we studied.
Isobornyloxycarbonyl Function, a New Convenient Amino-Protecting Group in Peptide Synthesis. II. Synthesis of Bradykinin (1972)

Bradykinin, a nonapeptide local tissue hormone, was synthesized by the use of the isobornyloxycarbonyl (IBOC-)-protecting group for the temporary protection of the all amino groups of the intermediary peptides. During the synthesis of bradykinin, no complication occurred in the processes involving the introduction and removal of the IBOC-group, and the final synthetic hormone showed up to possess the full biological activity and appeared to be pure by chemical criterions.
Serum Sphingolipids Aiding the Diagnosis of Adult HIV-Negative Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infection (2021)

Increasing attention has been directed to Talaromyces marneffei ( T. marneffei ) infection in HIV-negative patients due to its high mortality rate. However, nonspecific symptoms and biological characteristics similar to those of other common pathogenic fungi complicate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes and have been identified as serum biomarkers for several diseases. This study employed a sphingolipidomic approach established in our previous work to explore the use of serum SPLs in the diagnosis of HIV-negative patients with T. marneffei infection. Additional clinical cohorts of patients infected with other microorganisms were also recruited. We found that sphinganine (Sa) (d16:0) exhibited obvious depletion after infection; moreover, its level in patients with T. marneffei infection was significantly lower than that in patients infected with other microorganisms. Therefore, Sa (d16:0) was considered a specific diagnostic biomarker for T. marneffei infection, and 302.71 nM was selected as the optimal cutoff value with a diagnostic sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 100%. These results suggested that determination of serum Sa (d16:0) levels can be used as a new alternative tool for the rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients.
The effect of a primary care-based Medical Weight Loss Program on weight loss and anthropomorphic metrics (2020)

MWLP integrated into the general primary care practice may potentially be an effective model for managing obesity and related morbidities.
Leiodermatolide, a Potent Antimitotic Macrolide from the Marine Sponge Leiodermatium sp. (2011)

From the deep: Leiodermatolide is a structurally unique macrolide isolated from the deep-water marine sponge Leiodermatium sp. which exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against a range of human cancer cell lines and drastic effects on spindle formation in mitotic cells. Its unprecedented polyketide skeleton and stereochemistry were established using a combination of experimental and computational NMR methods. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development (2011)

The accessibility of avian embryos has helped experimental embryologists understand the fates of cells during development and the role of tissue interactions that regulate patterning and morphogenesis of vertebrates (e.g., (1, 2, 3, 4)). Here, we illustrate a method that exploits this accessibility to test the signaling and patterning properties of ectodermal tissues during facial development. In these experiments, we create quail-chick (5) or mouse-chick (6) chimeras by transplanting the surface cephalic ectoderm that covers the upper jaw from quail or mouse onto either the same region or an ectopic region of chick embryos. The use of quail as donor tissue for transplantation into chicks was developed to take advantage of a nucleolar marker present in quail but not chick cells, thus allowing investigators to distinguish host and donor tissues (7). Similarly, a repetitive element is present in the mouse genome and is expressed ubiquitously, which allows us to distinguish host and donor tissues in mouse-chick chimeras (8). The use of mouse ectoderm as donor tissue will greatly extend our understanding of these tissue interactions, because this will allow us to test the signaling properties of ectoderm derived from various mutant embryos.
Human voltage-gated sodium channel mutations that cause inherited neuronal and muscle channelopathies increase resurgent sodium currents (2010)

Inherited mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs; or Nav) cause many disorders of excitability, including epilepsy, chronic pain, myotonia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Understanding the functional consequences of the disease-causing mutations is likely to provide invaluable insight into the roles that VGSCs play in normal and abnormal excitability. Here, we sought to test the hypothesis that disease-causing mutations lead to increased resurgent currents, unusual sodium currents that have not previously been implicated in disorders of excitability. We demonstrated that a paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) mutation in the human peripheral neuronal sodium channel Nav1.7, a paramyotonia congenita (PMC) mutation in the human skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4, and a long-QT3/SIDS mutation in the human cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 all substantially increased the amplitude of resurgent sodium currents in an optimized adult rat-derived dorsal root ganglion neuronal expression system. Computer simulations indicated that resurgent currents associated with the Nav1.7 mutation could induce high-frequency action potential firing in nociceptive neurons and that resurgent currents associated with the Nav1.5 mutation could broaden the action potential in cardiac myocytes. These effects are consistent with the pathophysiology associated with the respective channelopathies. Our results indicate that resurgent currents are associated with multiple channelopathies and are likely to be important contributors to neuronal and muscle disorders of excitability.
Separation of fractions from vacuum residue by supercritical extraction (2010)

The Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP), has implemented a methodology for separating vacuum residue fractions using the technique of supercritical fluid extraction at the pilot scale. The present study evaluates the efficiency of extraction of fractions of a typical vacuum residue in the Barrancabermeja refinery. The extraction test was carried out with n-hexane under supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure of the 265ºC in the range from 450 to 1250 psi, respectively. Finally, each of the fractions were analyzed for their density, viscosity, sulfur content, Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) content, SARA com-positional analysis, and metals.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic (IR, UV‐VIS, 1H and 119Sn NMR, Resonance Raman) Properties of ((C6H5)3EM(CO)3(α‐diimine)) (M: Mn, E: Ge, Sn, Pb; M: Re, E: Sn) Complexes and X‐Ray Structure of ((C6H5)3SnMn(CO)3(tBu‐DAB)). (1988)

Abstract In order to get more insight into the electronic structures of the complexes (I) their spectroscopic properties are discussed and a comparison is made with the parent compounds Ph3EM(CO)5 for which a qualitative MO diagram is given.
“Fake Tan” or “Fake News”? (2020)

We estimated Trump's skin colour from 70 internet images and also from the "twitter tan line" image (February 8, 2020; Twitter). We then compared the estimated skin colours with two existing data sets of skin colours: the range of skin tans that occur naturally in the Caucasian population and the range skin colours brought about by a sunless tan. We find that Trump's skin colour is close to the edge of the natural skin tan gamut and firmly within the gamut of a sunless skin tan. The skin colour above Trump's tan line is outside of the naturally occurring range of skin colours, even outside the skin tan of nonmelanized albinos. The latter finding is consistent with the hypothesis that part of the image may have been digitally distorted.
The hCMV US11 Protein and CD55 Suppress Cell Lysis of NK Cell and CD8 + T-cell (2017)

Pig organs have gotten the spotlight as precious resources which it acts a ‘bridge’ to connect organ donors with recipients of shortage organ problems. The cell mediated immune rejection must overcome to survive animal’s organ in human immune system for successful xenotransplantation. US11 protein originates a CMV and it is translocated MHC Class I molecules in endoplasmic reticulums. The known function of CD55(hDAF) is complement regulation protein which inactivates the c3 cleaving converttase. Also, it regulates released c3 by NK cell. In this study, we have analyzed the significance of US11 and CD55 expression for cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The pig ear fibroblasts obtained to establish transgenic pigs. And genotyping and gene expression confirmed by RT-PCR. Degeneration of MHC Class I evaluate each cell by FACS. Cytotoxicity of NK cell and CD8+ CTLs conducts 1:1, 2.5:1, 5:1 / 10:1, 25:1, 50:1 effector:target ratio, respectively. The expression of US11 has known as to attenuate MHC Class I to prevent cytotoxicity by NK cells and CTLs but our results indicate that make no difference expression of MHC Class I between wild type and US11 cell. Nevertheless, US11 gene products suppress to the interference of NK cells and CD8+ CTLs. In comparison between US11/CD55 cells with US11 cells, CD55 reveals to cause the synergistic effect with US11 gene in cytotoxicity of NK cell. The effect of CD55 expression was significantly interrupting cell lysis by NK cells and CTLs, these reactions are supposed to induce humoral immune activity by cytotoxic cells.
Estimation and validation of patient-specific liver elasticity distributions derived from 4DMR for radiotherapy purposes (2018)

Liver diseases, such as liver cancer and cirrhosis, are commonly associated with changes in the biomechanical properties of liver tissue. Functional imaging techniques such as elastography have shown great promise in measuring the biomechanical properties of liver tissue; however, current liver elastography techniques require additional equipment that is conventionally not available within the radiotherapy setup. We present a novel methodology for estimating liver elasticity derived from deformation observed during 0.35 T 4DMR ViewRay (MRIdian System™, ViewRay™, Cleveland, OH, USA) scans within a radiotherapy setup. Phase 1 and phase 8 datasets, categorized by diaphragm position, were first deformably registered. The resulting displacement maps were considered ground-truth. A GPU-based biomechanical model was then assembled from the segmented phase 8 liver dataset and, along with patient-specific boundary constraints, used to iteratively solve for the liver elasticity distribution. The liver elastography process presented here was performed for a set of 11 4DMR patients. Maximum liver deformation was observed to be between 3.99 and 9.04 mm. On average, 95% convergence within 1 mm was observed. A validation study using phase 4 liver datasets illustrated an accuracy of 86%. Normalized cross-correlation quantified high similarity between the results of the estimation and validation studies with their respective ground-truths. Overall, the results suggest that liver elasticity can be measured with approximately 95% convergence using 4DMR scans acquired within the radiotherapy workflow, indicating the potential for the implementation of liver elastography within the clinic.
HLA typing and Guillain‐Barre syndrome (1979)

In an effort to determine if there might be an association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and specific antigens of the HLA system, 18 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome were typed for HLA-A, B, and D antigens. No statistically significant relationship was established by this study.
Three‐Dimensional Mammalian Cell Growth on Nonwoven Polyester Fabric Disks (1994)

Small disks of nonwoven polyester fabric (NWPF), similar to Fibra-Cel carriers, were surface treated with strong acid and used as a high surface area support matrix for in vitro culture of anchorage dependent MRC-5 cells. The disks can be autoclaved, and require inocula concentrations of only 2-5% of the final cell densities, which have reached 10(8) cells/mL of disk bed volume. Scanning electron microscopy photographs shown herein reveal that cells grow in a multilayered fashion between the randomly arrayed fibers of the nonwoven fabric, emulating in vivo growth.
Spectral modeling of a dye diffusion thermal transfer printer (1993)

A model was derived and tested that predicted the spectral reflectance factor from digital data for a dye diffusion thermal transfer printer. The model was based on the Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory and included terms to account for back diffusion onto the donor supply and dye transfer inhibition. The average colonmetric characterization accuracy of the printer's color gamut based on 45 samples to estimate the model parameters was 3.0 Eb with a maximum of 7.4. The spectral model had similar performance to look-up table and multidimensional interpolation methods and supenior performance to multiple-linear regression methods based on tristimulus data.
Fourier analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow velocities: MR imaging study. The Scandinavian Flow Group. (1990)

An interleaved pseudocinematographic FLASH (fast low-angle shot) sequence with additional pulsed gradients for flow encoding was used to quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow velocities and CSF production. Flow-dependent phase information was obtained by subtracting two differently encoded phase images. The phase information in the resultant image was converted to flow velocity with a calibration curve with the slope 26.5 radian.m-1.sec. The velocity versus time function was Fourier transformed and a continuous curve was fitted to the measured data with use of the first three harmonics. The in vivo measurements showed a significant variation in flow velocities in the cerebral aqueduct (range, 6-51 mm/sec). Calculated CSF production was in the range of 0.6-1.2 L/24 h. The present method gives valuable information about CSF hydrodynamics in an imaging time of less than 8 minutes.
Formation of Colloidal Transition Metals in Organic Phases and Their Application in Catalysis (1991)

Reduction of metal salts with tetraalkylammonium hydrotriorganoborates in organic phases yields a very narrow size range of metal colloids of the elements of groups 6–11. Adsorbed on carrier surfaces, these colloids are highly active hydrogenation catalysts whose activity can be further increased by doping with low‐valent organotitanium compounds.