gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cre‐mediated transgene activation in the developing and adult mouse brain (2001)

The neuron-specific rat enolase (NSE) promoter was employed to establish transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in the central nervous system. Founders were crossed with dormant lacZ indicator mice and specificity as well as efficiency of Cre-mediated transgene activation was determined by PCR and/or X-gal staining. Whereas most transgenic lines exhibited Cre activity in early development resulting in widespread Cre activity, one line (NSE-Cre26) expressed high levels of Cre in the developing and adult brain. With the exception of kidney, which showed occasionally low level of Cre activity, Cre recombination in double transgenics was restricted to the nervous system. Whole-mount X-gal staining of 9.5 dpc embryos indicated Cre-mediated lacZ expression in forebrain, hindbrain, and along the midbrain flexure. A similar expression pattern was observed during later stages of embryogenesis (11.5-13.5 dpc). In adult mice, Cre recombinase was expressed in cerebral cortex and cerebellum and high levels of Cre-mediated lacZ expression were observed in hippocampus, cortex, and septum. The NSE-Cre26 transgenic mouse line thus provides a useful tool to specifically overexpress and/or inactivate genes in the developing and adult brain.
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.
Supported Catalysts Useful in Ring-Closing Metathesis, Cross Metathesis, and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2016)

Ruthenium and molybdenum catalysts are widely used in synthesis of both small molecules and macromolecules. While major developments have led to new increasingly active catalysts that have high functional group compatibility and stereoselectivity, catalyst/product separation, catalyst recycling, and/or catalyst residue/product separation remain an issue in some applications of these catalysts. This review highlights some of the history of efforts to address these problems, first discussing the problem in the context of reactions like ring-closing metathesis and cross metathesis catalysis used in the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds. It then discusses in more detail progress in dealing with these issues in ring opening metathesis polymerization chemistry. Such approaches depend on a biphasic solid/liquid or liquid separation and can use either always biphasic or sometimes biphasic systems and approaches to this problem using insoluble inorganic supports, insoluble crosslinked polymeric organic supports, soluble polymeric supports, ionic liquids and fluorous phases are discussed.
Plant growth-promoting activity of beta-propeller protein YxaL secreted from Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13 (2019)

YxaL is conserved within the Bacillus subtilis species complex associated with plants and soil. The mature YxaL protein contains a repeated beta-propeller domain, but the subcellular location and function of YxaL has not been determined. The gene encoding the mature YxaL protein was PCR amplified from genomic DNA of B. velezensis strain GH1-13 and used for recombinant protein production. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against the purified YxaL was generated and used for western blotting to determine the constitutive expression and secretion of YxaL. During normal culture growth of strain GH1-13, levels of the constitutively secreted YxaL were slowly rising to 100 μg L-1, and degraded with a half-life of 1.6 h in the culture medium. When the effects of YxaL on plant seed germination and seedling growth were examined, it was shown that seed treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa L.) with purified YxaL at the optimal concentration of 1 mg L-1 was effective at improving the root growth of plants. Seedlings from the treated Arabidopsis seeds markedly increased transcription of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthetase marker gene (ACS11) but reduced expression of auxin- and abscisic acid-responsive marker genes (IAA1, GH3.3, and ABF4), especially when provided with exogenous auxin. Horticulture experiments showed that pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds treated with 1 mg L-1 YxaL in a soaking solution increased shoot growth and improved tolerance to drought stress. We hypothesize that YxaL secreted from plant growth-promoting Bacillus cells has a significant impact on plant roots, with the potential to improve plant growth and stress tolerance.
Creating a Multi-Dimensional Communication Space to Improve the Effectiveness of 3-D Audio (2007)

As the number of voices increases, the ability of the listener to comprehend the content of any one of the voices decreases. Current technology makes it possible to create a three-dimensional (3-D) binaural sound system using an audio headphone and a digital processor to augment the listener's ability to spatially distinguish and locate individual speakers within a communication network. True binaural spatial audio over headphones can manipulate the sound to emanate from any particular point in the virtual 3-D audio space surrounding the listener. This paper discusses several audio dimensions that can be applied to a communication network to improve the effectiveness of a 3-D binaural system, improve the listener's ability to understand what is being communicated and provide the listener with metadata regarding their situational awareness (SA).
Novel Electron Acceptors Bearing a Heteroquinonoid System. I. Synthesis and Conductive Complexes of 5,5′-Bis(dicyanomethylene)-5,5′-dihydro-Δ2,2′-bithiophene and Related Compounds (1989)

Abstract Novel electron acceptors bearing a heteroquinonoid system, 5,5′-bis(dicyanomethylene)-5,5′-dihydro-Δ2,2′-bithiophene, its 3,3′-dichloro, 3,3′-dibromo, and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromo derivatives, and 5,5″-bis(dicyanomethylene)5,5″-dihydro-Δ2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene were synthesized by the action of tetracyanoethylene oxide or by Pd(0)-catalyzed substitution reactions with sodium dicyanomethanide on the corresponding α,α′-dihalogenoheteroaromatics. They showed very small on-site Coulomb repulsion as expected, and afforded several highly conductive molecular complexes with electron donors such as hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene.
Triple resonance isotope-edited (TRIED): a powerful new NMR technique for studying metabolism (1998)

A powerful new technique for studying metabolism, Triple-Resonance Isotope-Edited (TRIED) NMR, is described and demonstrated experimentally. The experiment uses through-bond (scalar) coupling between spins to select NMR signals from molecules having 1H-13C-15N labeled triples. Natural-abundance background signal from molecules not containing such labeled triples (e.g., signal from 1H-12C and 1H-13C fragments) is effectively suppressed, with a suppression ratio of approximately 104:1. This effective filtering of signal from labeled molecules allows these species and their metabolites to be detected and characterized without requiring extensive, time-consuming sample purification. Results are presented for 13C, 15N-aminomethylphosphonate (AMPA) in soybean and pigweed plant matrices. The potential use of TRIED for studying the pharmacokinetics of drugs and extension of the experiment to include the use of magnetic-field gradients for selecting signal from labeled fragments are also described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-(alkyn-1-yl)-1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)uracil derivatives (2006)

Sonogashira coupling of 5-iodouracil (2) and trimethylsilylacetylene gave 5-(trimethylsilylethynyl)uracil (3), which was deprotected to give 5-ethynyluracil (4). Copper(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 4 gave furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (5). Tosylation of 2 and 4 gave the 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl) derivatives 6 and 7, respectively. The tosylated compound 6 and trimethylsilylacetylene did not undergo Sonogashira coupling, and copper(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 7 did not occur. Coupling of 2 with several terminal alkynes gave 5-(alkyn-1-yl)uracil derivatives (9), which underwent tosylation to produce the targeted 5-(alkyn-1-yl)-1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)uracil compounds (11). Copper(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 9 gave the respective furopyrimidines (10) in low yields. Again, cyclization did not occur with the tosyl derivatives (11). Activity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was observed with longer-chain analogues of 9 and 11, and compound 7 showed activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) at near cytotoxic levels.Key words: antiviral screening, furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one derivatives, Sonogashira coupling, 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)pyrimidine derivatives.
Simulating Process-Product Interdependencies in Battery Production Systems (2018)

Battery production requires a highly complex manufacturing process chain consisting of different process steps. Both product and process parameters deviate throughout the whole process chain. Shape and scale of those distributions heavily affect subsequent process steps and final battery quality. Multi-level Simulation can be used to predict the impact of different distributions. In the paper, a concept is presented describing how process parameters and its distributions influence structure of intermediate products, which in turn affect battery performance. The former transition is realized through an agent-based process chain model approach while the latter uses an extended pseudo-2-dimensional battery model.
Positioning Control of Flexible Arm Using Convex Optimization with Control Input Constraints. (1997)

This study is concerned with the active control of a flexible arm using Q parameterization which is as one of form convex optimization. The nominal controller is the observer based controlier. It is designed based on an LQ servo strategy. Q parameterization can satisfy some constraints, for example, control input, overshoot, and settling time. However, Q parameterization becomes a higher-order compensator. It becomes from the 5th to the 40th-order in this study. The Q parameterization controller is also very robust.
A constructive approach to the design of distributed systems (1990)

A constructive design approach to distributed systems is described. The approach is illustrated by a model airport shuttle system, which is implemented in an environment for distributed programming called Conic. The main principles on which the constructive approach is based are those of explicit system structure and context-independent components. Structure is explicitly described and preserved during the software development process, from initial design to actual system construction and evolution. Thus the main structural design information is retained in the constructed system itself. The second principle that of context independence of components, reduces the design and implementation effort by facilitating early identification of component types and component interface specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Four-Level Optical Line Shape of a Single Molecule Coupled to a Single Tunneling Two-Level System (2006)

We propose a density-matrix theory for the four-level system consisting of a single optical two-level system (OTLS) coupled to a single two-level system tunneling along a vibrational coordinate (VTLS). Phonons induce jumping rates of the VTLS, but coherent tunneling has to be considered explicitly as well, because the Born-Oppenheimer potential of the tunnel variable may change upon optical excitation. The OTLS is subject to spontaneous emission and driven by a laser wave with arbitrary strength. Numerical simulations for various coupling cases reproduce limiting behaviors previously discussed separately in the literature, such as motional narrowing, cross transitions, optical saturation and pumping, and nonlinear effects. Our model also perfectly fits recent measurements of the spectra of a single molecule coupled to a single tunneling system in a disordered crystal.
Stable carbonium ions. LI. Fluorobenzenonium ions (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable carbonium ions. LI. Fluorobenzenonium ionsGeorge A. Olah and Thomas E. KiovskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 22, 5692–5694Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00998a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00998a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Verotoxin-1 promotes leukocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells under physiologic flow conditions (1995)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is the most common cause of acute renal failure in infants and small children, is caused by verotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli infection. Endothelial injury determines microvascular thrombosis and evidence is available from recent studies that suggests that leukocyte activation participates in endothelial damage. We studied here the effect of VT-1 on leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium under physiologic flow conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated for 24 hours with VT-1 (0.1, 1, and 10 pmol/L) and then exposed to a total leukocyte suspension in a parallel plate flow chamber under laminar flow conditions (1.5 dynes/cm2). Adherent cells were counted by digital image processing. Results showed that VT-1 dose-dependently increased the number of adhering leukocytes to HUVECs as compared with unstimulated cells. The adhesive response elicited by VT-1 was comparable to that of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), one of the most potent inducers of endothelial cell adhesiveness. Exposure of HUVECs to VT-1 did not affect the number of rolling leukocytes, which was similar to that of control values. To examine the role of adhesion molecules in VT-1-induced leukocyte adhesion, HUVECs were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) before adhesion assay. Functional blocking of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells significantly inhibited VT-1-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion. In some experiments, before VT-1 incubation, HUVECs were pretreated for 24 hours with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha; 100 U/mL), which is known to increase VT receptor expression on HUVECs. The number of adhering leukocytes on HUVECs exposed to TNF alpha and VT-1 significantly increased as compared with HUVECs incubated with VT-1 and TNF alpha alone. These results suggest that VT-1 modulates leukocyte-endothelium interaction, thus increasing leukocyte adhesion and upregulating adhesive proteins on endothelial surface membrane.
Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticles Filled Polymers (2012)

Thermal conductivity of polymers is an important thermal property for both polymer applications and processing. Polymers typically have intrinsic thermal conductivity much lower than those for metals or ceramic materials, and therefore are good thermal insulators. Further enhancement of this thermal insulating quality can be achieved by foaming polymers. In other applications which require higher thermal conductivity, such as in electronic packaging and encapsulations, satellite devices, and in areas where good heat dissipation, low thermal expansion and light weight are needed, polymers reinforced with fillers, organic or inorganic, are becoming more and more common in producing advanced polymer composites for these applications (Hodgin & Estes, 1999; Tavman, 2004; Lee & Eun, 2004; Liu & Mather, 2004; Ishida & Heights, 1999; Frank & Phillip, 2002; Hermansen, 2001; Ishida, 2000). Most polymeric materials are processed and fabricated at elevated temperatures, often above their melting temperatures. This process may be long and expensive because of the low thermal conductivity of polymers. Subsequently, the cooling process or annealing may also be controlled by heat transport properties of polymers, which eventually affect the physical properties of the materials. One example is crystalline polymers, for which the structural and morphological features may be significantly changed with the speed of cooling. Careful consideration in designing polymer processing is vital to achieve desired properties.
Perceived and reported access to the general practitioner: an international comparison of universal access and mixed private/public systems. (2007)

Timely and convenient access to primary healthcare is essential for the health of the population as delays can incur additional health and financial costs. Access to health care is under increasing scrutiny as part of the drive to contain escalating costs, while attempting to maintain equity in service provision. The objective was to compare primary care services in Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, and to report on perceived and reported access to GP services in universal access and mixed private/public systems. A questionnaire study was performed in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Patients of 20 practices in the ROI and NI were contacted (n = 22,796). Main outcome measures were overall satisfaction and the access to GP services. Individual responses and scale scores were derived using the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (G-PAQ). The response rate was 52% (n = 11,870). Overall satisfaction with GP practices was higher in ROI than in NI (84.2% and 80.9% respectively). Access scores were higher in ROI than in NI (69.2% and 57.0% respectively) Less than 1 in 10 patients in ROI waited two or more working days to see a doctor of choice (8.1%) compared to almost half (45.0%) in NI. In NI overall satisfaction decreased as practice size increased; 82.8%, 80.4%, and 75.8%. In both systems, in large practices, accessibility is reduced when compared to smaller practices. The faster access to GP services in ROI may be due to the deterrent effect of the consultation charge freeing up services although, as it is the poorest and sickest who are deterred by the charge this improved accessibility may come at a significant cost in terms of equity. The underlying concern for policy makers centres around provision of equitable services.
Conceptual design of high-density plant cultivation system with on -line extraction. (2001)

Industry needs to examine alternative approaches to its traditional chemical manufacturing processes to promote pollution prevention and cleaner production. We have been investigating the feasibility of producing valuable plant-derived chemicals through high-density plant cultivation on mobile platforms in an automated greenhouse and through optimizing light delivery and thus enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency via engineering means. Based on a simple mathematical model to describe light attenuation in a high-density plant cultivation system, we propose that a more efficient way of delivering light can be achieved by supplying light from both the top and through the bottom of the plant. Based on this model, we designed a mobile platform for plant cultivation in which light illuminates from both the top and the bottom and found that for the same total light energy, the specific growth rate was 30% higher for these illuminated plants than for plants grown with a conventional lighting source from the top. Furthermore, a three-dimensional (3-D) plant cultivation system using multiple layers of these cultivation platforms is proposed. Analyses show a further increase in the efficiency of light utilization by the plants based on their optimal photoperiodic schedule. Using peppermint plants as the model plants, we have found that the 3-D cultivation system can nearly triple the plant productivity over the conventional 2-D cultivation method using the same area under a constant light source or with a natural solar radiation cycle. We have also investigated the feasibility of using on-line ultrasonic extraction to release desired plant metabolites intermittently while leaving the plants in a viable and productive state. The ultrasonic effects of plant metabolite release were found to be both of a thermal and a non-thermal nature because a stable source of ultrasound was not used in our experiments. The amount of the product released and the degree of damage varies directly with the duration of transient nature of ultrasonic treatment. But, we have demonstrated that the plants can be extracted repeatedly without losing their viability even though the optimal treatment for plant metabolite release has not been achieved.
Clinical Features in Affected Males With X-Linked Retinoschisis (1996)

Although no evidence exists for genetic heterogeneity in X- linked retinoschisis, there is wide phenotypic variation. The most serious sight-threatening complications are vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. In uncomplicated cases, the prognosis for vision is good, although deterioration of vision occurs in the fourth and fifth decades of life because of macular atrophy.
The PIK3CA E542K and E545K mutations promote glycolysis and proliferation via induction of the β-catenin/SIRT3 signaling pathway in cervical cancer (2018)

FUSCC 050432-4-1212B. Registered 24 December 2012 (retrospectively registered).
Comprehensive process for the creation and integration of interior sounds for quiet vehicles in China (2020)

International audience
Role of the Apolipoprotein B–Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: A Case–Control Analysis in EPIC-Norfolk (2007)

The apo B-apo A-I ratio is independently associated with, but adds little to, existing measures for CAD risk assessment and discrimination in the general population. Other characteristics of the test, such as the ability to perform it on nonfasting samples, may still make it useful in some settings.