gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AFM Identification of Beetle Exocuticle: Bouligand Structure and Nanofiber Anisotropic Elastic Properties (2016)

One of the common architectures in natural materials is the helicoidal (Bouligand) structure, where fiber layers twist around a helical screw. Despite the many studies that have shown the existence of Bouligand structures, methods for nanoscale structural characterization and identification of fiber mechanical properties remain to be developed. In this study, we used the exocuticle of Cotinis mutabilis (a beetle in the Cetoniinae) as a model material to develop a new experimental‐theoretical methodology that combines atomic force microscopy‐based nanoindentation and anisotropic contact mechanics analysis. Using such methodology, we studied both the helicoidal structure and the mechanical properties of its constituent fibers. The twist angle between the layers was found to be in the range of 12°–18° with a pitch size of 220 nm for the helicoidal pattern. In addition, the constituent fiber diameter was measured to be approximately 20 nm, which is consistent with the fiber diameters found in helicoids of other arthropod species. The longitudinal, transverse, and shear modulus of the nanofiber were determined to be 710 MPa, 70 MPa, and 90 MPa, respectively. The established experimental‐theoretical methodology promises to be a useful tool for nanoscale characterization of helicoidal and other structures found in biological materials.
Die Synthese von 2,3‐Diamino‐2,3‐didesoxy‐D‐glycosiden aus 3‐Azidoglycalen über ihre Nitrosylchlorid‐Addukte (1978)

Abstract 4,6‐Di‐ O ‐acetyl‐3‐azido‐1,2,3‐tridesoxy‐ D ‐ arabino ‐hex‐1 enopyranose ( 1 ) addiert Nitrosylchlorid zum dimeren 4,6‐Di‐ O ‐acetyl‐3‐azido‐2, 3‐didesoxy‐2‐nitroso‐α‐ D ‐ gluco ‐hexopyranosylchlorid ( 2 ). das mit Isopropylalkohol in DMF die beiden Glycoside 3 und 6 bildet. Durch zweistufige Reduktion mit Diboran/THF und Palladium/H 2 entsteht stereoselektiv aus 3 das 2, 3‐Diamino‐2, 3‐didesoxy‐β‐ D ‐mannosid 5 und aus 6 das 2,3‐Diamino‐2,3‐didesoxy‐α‐ D ‐glucosid 8 . Mit LiAlH 4 entsteht aus 6 neben 8 das isomere 2,3‐Diamino‐2,3‐didesoxy‐α‐ D ‐mannosid 9 . Aus dem dimeren Chlorid 11 werden die E ‐ und Z ‐Oximino‐α‐ D ‐glycoside 13a und 13b als Hauptprodukte, die entsprechenden β‐Anomeren 12a und 12b als Nebenprodukte erhalten. Durch sukzessive Reduktion des Gemischs aus 13a und 13b mit Diboran und Palladium/H 2 ist stereoselektiv das 2,3‐Diamino‐2,3‐didesoxy‐α‐ D ‐allosid 15 zugänglich, durch Reduktion mit LiAlH 4 wird daneben das 2,3‐Diamino‐2,3‐didesoxy‐α‐ D ‐altrosid 16 gebildet. Analog zu 15 wird das Disaccharid 26 dargestellt.
Optimum Voxel Volume for Maximizing Contrast-to-Noise Ratio in BOLD Functional MRI (2008)

Recent studies suggest that physiological noise, which determines the SNR of the fMRI time course at commonly used spatial resolutions, is largely spatially coherent. It is theoretically shown that the ratio of such a spatially coherent physiological to thermal noise determines the optimum voxel volume for maximizing BOLD CNR, relatively independent of the size of activation.
Preuve de concept d'une liaison radio mer-air d'une balise autonome de petites dimensions - Projet BELOCOPA : conception d'antennes multi-bande sur substrat souple (2014)

Cette these s'inscrit dans le projet FUI-2011 BELOCOPA (Bouee Ejectable pour la LOcalisation et la COllecte des Parametres de vol d'un Aeronef abime en mer). Il s'agissait de concevoir et de developper un equipement embarque, extractible et autonome pour localiser rapidement et avec precision un aeronef abime en mer et recuperer par liaisons radio les principales donnees de vol a partir d'un patrouilleur maritime. Le but de cette these, au sein de l'Institut Fresnel, concernait l'etude et la realisation de l'antenne principale de la balise. Cette antenne devait etre tres flexible et de petites dimensions pour etre pliee et inseree dans un espace reduit de la balise et resistante lors son deploiement apres son ejection de l'avion. La premiere partie du travail a eu pour objectif de caracteriser en terme de permittivite les differents materiaux dielectriques entrant dans la constitution de la balise, a savoir les substrats sur lesquels sont fixees les antennes et le radome. La deuxieme partie de la these porte sur la conception d'antennes multi-bandes fonctionnant en modes dipolaires sur le plan de frequences du cahier des charges du projet. Ces antennes ont la particularite d'etre extremement souples. Cette souplesse a ete obtenue en realisant des motifs metalliques rayonnants sur une toile polyamide. Plusieurs motifs ont ete etudies et testes pour converger vers une antenne meandre fonctionnant a trois frequences distinctes. A l'issue de cette etude, un prototype de l'antenne finale positionnee dans son radome constitue le dernier maillon du prototype de la balise de detresse du projet BELOCOPA.
OC05.02: Increased nuchal translucency origins from abnormal lymphatic development and develops regardless of the presence of a congenital heart defect (2014)

Impaired cardiac function and abnormal lymphatic development are the two main theories to explain increased nuchal translucency (NT). Increased NT is strongly associated with congenital heart defects and the risk of a cardiac abnormality augments with increasing NT. The causal relation between increased NT and congenital cardiac anomalies, however, remains unexplained. A morphological examination of increased NT, lymphatic development and cardiac defects combined, however, is lacking. Our aim is to examine to what extent abnormal lymphatic and cardiovascular development are mutual characteristics in various mutant mouse models with and without nuchal edema (the morphological equivalent of increased NT). Mouse embryos with cardiac anomalies and nuchal edema (Fkbp12-/-, Tbx1-/-, Chd7-/-, Jarid2-/-), cardiac malformations without nuchal edema (Pitx2-/-, Tbx2-/-) and mouse embryos without cardiac defects but with lymphatic developmental abnormalities with nuchal edema (Ccbe1-/-) and without nuchal edema (Ccbe1+/-) were examined. Embryos were analyzed from embryonic day 12.5–15.5. Markers for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves were used to study the nuchal region and the lymphatic system. Hematoxylin and Azophloxine staining was performed to examine the cardiovascular morphology. In embryos with complex cardiac abnormalities and nuchal edema (Fkbp12-/-, Tbx1-/-, Chd7-/-, Jarid2-/-) enlarged jugular lymph sacs (JLS) were found. Embryos with normal cardiac morphology and nuchal edema (Ccbe1-/-) showed no formation of the JLS. In embryos with a complex cardiac defect without nuchal edema (Pitx2-/- and Tbx2-/-) a normal size of the JLS was observed. Embryos with normal cardiac morphology without nuchal edema (Ccbe1+/-) revealed a normal size of the JLS. This study shows that abnormal lymphatic development causes nuchal edema. Nuchal edema develops regardless of the presence of a congenital heart defect.
Initial Acquisition of Mutans Streptococci by Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity (1993)

Oral bacterial levels of 46 mother-child pairs were monitored from infant birth up to five years of age so that the acquisition of mutans streptococci (MS) by children could be studied. The initial acquisition of MS occurred in 38 children at the median age of 26 months during a discrete period we designated as the "window of infectivity". MS remained undetected in eight children (17%) until the end of the study period (median age of 56 mo). The levels of both MS and lactobacilli in saliva of mothers of children with and without MS were not significantly different. Comparisons between a caries-active cohort colonized by MS (nine of 38) and children without detectable MS revealed similar histories in terms of antibiotic usage, gestational age, and birth weight. Interestingly, half of the children between the ages of one and two years who were not colonized by MS were attended by caretakers other than the mother, while all of the caries-active children during this same time period were cared for by their mothers; the difference was statistically significant. Here we report for the first time that MS is acquired by infants during a defined period in the ontogeny of a child. Support for the notion of a discrete window of infectivity comes from other sources, including animal models.
A comparison of methods for T2-mapping of the myocardium (2010)

Introduction T2-weighted imaging in acute myocardial infarction has been suggested for detecting regions of edema. The need to carefully account for variations in coil sensitivity patterns has been noted with these techniques. An alternate approach is to generate quantitative T2 maps. In this work we compare 3 different myocardial T2 mapping methods; multi-echo double-IR FSE (MEFSE), segmented T2-prepared SSFP (T2pSSFP) similar to [1] and T2-prepared spiral (SpiralT2) [2].
Application of Genetic algorithm on IC substrate drilling path optimization (2012)

This paper proposes genetic algorithm (GA) based heuristic algorithms for the integrated circuit (IC) substrate drilling path optimization problem. IC substrates are cut from a piece of copper clad laminate which contains tens of thousands of holes. A path connecting these holes has to be plotted for the drilling operation. The objective in this research is minimizing the total path length. Thus, this problem is treated as a large scale traveling salesman problem. In this research, we developed three effective algorithms, unit optimization algorithm, two units incremental algorithm, and local fine-tune algorithm. This study employs a numerical experiment to determine the appropriate combination of algorithm parameter values. Test instances obtained from the case company were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. It is shown that unit optimization algorithm is able to effectively obtain the approximate optimal value similar to the solutions of case company in fastest time. Furthermore, the two unit incremental algorithm and local fine-tune algorithm successfully improve execution time and solution stability.
Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization and Fillers for Increased Neocollagenesis (2014)

*Clinica Vida, São Paulo, Brazil; †Department of Dermatopathology, Laboratorio Paulista, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Gabriela Casabona, Dermatologia Clinica e Cirúrgica, Rua Veiga Filho 350 AP 106, Higienopolis, 01229000, São Paulo, Brazil, or e-mail: [email protected] The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Tunable Band Gap Photoluminescence from Atomically Thin Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys (2013)

Band gap engineering of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials is the key to their applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that in the 2D system, by alloying two materials with different band gaps (MoS2 and WS2), tunable band gap can be obtained in the 2D alloys (Mo(1-x)W(x)S(2) monolayers, x = 0-1). Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy has revealed random arrangement of Mo and W atoms in the Mo(1-x)W(x)S(2) monolayer alloys. Photoluminescence characterization has shown tunable band gap emission continuously tuned from 1.82 eV (reached at x = 0.20) to 1.99 eV (reached at x = 1). Further, density functional theory calculations have been carried out to understand the composition-dependent electronic structures of Mo(1-x)W(x)S(2) monolayer alloys.
A service delivery platform for server management services (2009)

Computer server management is an important component of the global IT (information technology) services business. The providers of server management services face unrelenting efficiency challenges in order to remain competitive with other providers. Server system administrators (SAs) represent the majority of the workers in this industry, and their primary task is server management. Since system administration is a highly skilled position, the costs of employing such individuals are high, and thus, the challenge is to increase their efficiency so that a given SA can manage larger numbers of servers. In this paper, we describe a widely deployed Service Delivery Portal (SDP) in use throughout the Server Systems Operations business of IBM that provides a set of well-integrated technologies to help SAs perform their tasks more efficiently. The SDP is based on three simple design principles: 1) user interface aggregation, 2) data aggregation, and 3) knowledge centralization. This paper describes the development of the SDP from the vantage point of these three basic design principles along with lessons learned and the impact assessed from studying the behavior of SAs with and without the tool.
Post-Quantum Authentication in TLS 1.3: A Performance Study (2020)

The potential development of large-scale quantum computers is raising concerns among IT and security research professionals due to their ability to solve (elliptic curve) discrete logarithm and integer factorization problems in polynomial time. All currently used public key algorithms would be deemed insecure in a post-quantum (PQ) setting. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a process to standardize quantum-resistant crypto algorithms, focusing primarily on their security guarantees. Since PQ algorithms present significant differences over classical ones, their overall evaluation should not be performed out-of-context. This work presents a detailed performance evaluation of the NIST signature algorithm candidates and investigates the imposed latency on TLS 1.3 connection establishment under realistic network conditions. In addition, we investigate their impact on TLS session throughput and analyze the trade-off between lengthy PQ signatures and computationally heavy PQ cryptographic operations. Our results demonstrate that the adoption of at least two PQ signature algorithms would be viable with little additional overhead over current signature algorithms. Also, we argue that many NIST PQ candidates can effectively be used for less timesensitive applications, and provide an in-depth discussion on the integration of PQ authentication in encrypted tunneling protocols, along with the related challenges, improvements, and alternatives. Finally, we propose and evaluate the combination of different PQ signature algorithms across the same certificate chain in TLS. Results show a reduction of the TLS handshake time and a significant increase of a server's TLS tunnel connection rate over using a single PQ signature scheme.
Ultra-Sensitive Nanofiber Fluorescence Detection in a Microfluidic Chip (2015)

We report an ultra-sensitive and robust fluorescence sensor made by using a biconical taper with a waist diameter of 720 nm for both excitation and fluorescence collection. To enhance the stability of the fluorescence sensor, the biconical taper has been embedded in a 125 µm wide microchannel with a detection length of 2.5 cm. Investigated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G (R6G), the sensor shows a detection limit down to 100 pM, with excellent reversibility in a concentration range of 0-10 nM. The sensor has also been applied to quantum dot (QD)-labeled streptavidin measurements, yielding a detection sensitivity down to 10 pM for QDs. In addition, the small sample volume (ca. 500 nL), high sampling throughput, and seamless connection between the biconical taper and standard optical fibers offer a number of attractive advantages for chemical and biosensing applications.
Protein Nanowires: the Electrification of the Microbial World and Maybe Our Own (2020)

Electrically conductive protein nanowires appear to be widespread in the microbial world and are a revolutionary "green" material for the fabrication of electronic devices. Electrically conductive pili (e-pili) assembled from type IV pilin monomers have independently evolved multiple times in microbial history as have electrically conductive archaella (e-archaella) assembled from homologous archaellin monomers. A role for e-pili in long-range (micrometer) extracellular electron transport has been demonstrated in some microbes. The surprising finding of e-pili in syntrophic bacteria and the role of e-pili as conduits for direct interspecies electron transfer have necessitated a reassessment of routes for electron flux in important methanogenic environments, such as anaerobic digesters and terrestrial wetlands. Pilin monomers similar to those found in e-pili may also be a major building block of the conductive "cables" that transport electrons over centimeter distances through continuous filaments of cable bacteria consisting of a thousand cells or more. Protein nanowires harvested from microbes have many functional and sustainability advantages over traditional nanowire materials and have already yielded novel electronic devices for sustainable electricity production, neuromorphic memory, and sensing. e-pili can be mass produced with an <i>Escherichia coli</i> chassis, providing a ready source of material for electronics as well as for studies on the basic mechanisms for long-range electron transport along protein nanowires. Continued exploration is required to better understand the electrification of microbial communities with microbial nanowires and to expand the "green toolbox" of sustainable materials for wiring and powering the emerging "Internet of things."
Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV in the diphoton final state in proton-proton collisions at s=8 and 13 TeV (2019)

The results of a search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV decaying into two photons are presented. The analysis uses the data set collected with the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2012 and 2016 LHC running periods. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 (35.9) fb -1 at s = 8 (13) TeV. The expected and observed 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction into two photons are presented. The observed upper limit for the 2012 (2016) data set ranges from 129 (161) fb to 31 (26) fb. The statistical combination of the results from the analyses of the two data sets in the common mass range between 80 and 110 GeV yields an upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction, normalized to that for a standard model-like Higgs boson, ranging from 0.7 to 0.2, with two notable exceptions: one in the region around the Z boson peak, where the limit rises to 1.1, which may be due to the presence of Drell-Yan dielectron production where electrons could be misidentified as isolated photons, and a second due to an observed excess with respect to the standard model prediction, which is maximal for a mass hypothesis of 95.3 GeV with a local (global) significance of 2.8 (1.3) standard deviations.
FRITS - a microprocessor functional BIST method (2003)

This paper describes a novel functional Built-in-Self-Test (BIST) method for microprocessors. This technique is based on the fundamental principle that complex chips have embedded functionality that can be used to implement a comprehensive self-test strategy. Functional testing has generally been associated with expensive testers. In order to lower the cost of test, there is a general trend to adopt structural test techniques like scan that enable the use of low cost testers. One of the key advantages of the test method described here is that it enables functional testing of microprocessors on low cost testers. Detailed implementation of this technique, the test generation methodology, the fault grade methodology and silicon results on Intel/sup /spl reg// Pentium/sup /spl reg// 4 and Itanium/spl trade/ family microprocessors are presented.
The Effect of the Three Columns of the Spine on the Instantaneous Axis of Rotation in Flexion and Extension (1991)

Instrumentation designed for stabilization and correction of spinal deformities must limit the amount of motion in flexion and extension. In flexion or extension, the vertebral bodies move about a specific point called the instantaneous axis of rotation. The ability of the implant to limit this motion is a function of its relation to the axis of rotation of the spine. The goal of this study was threefold: 1) to define the instantaneous axis of rotation of the spine in flexion and extension; 2) to study the effect of the loss of the three columns of the spine on the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation; and 3) to determine how the above parameters relate to the choice of anterior or posterior instrumentation. Ten human cadaver spines were subjected to compressive loads in flexion and extension. The columns of the spine were then destroyed in sequence at L3. The instantaneous axis of rotation for each vertebral body was found by the method of Reuleaux, and the effect of the compromise of the columns on the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation was noted. Understanding the exact location of the instantaneous axis of rotation after a specific injury would allow the clinician to objectively choose the best surgical approach and the appropriate instrumentation.
Industrial Acetogenic Biocatalysts: A Comparative Metabolic and Genomic Analysis (2016)

Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation by anaerobic acetogenic bacteria employing the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway is a bioprocess for production of biofuels and biocommodities. The major fermentation products of the most relevant biocatalytic strains (Clostridium ljungdahlii, C. autoethanogenum, C. ragsdalei, and C. coskatii) are acetic acid and ethanol. A comparative metabolic and genomic analysis using the mentioned biocatalysts might offer targets for metabolic engineering and thus improve the production of compounds apart from ethanol. Autotrophic growth and product formation of the four wild type (WT) strains were compared in uncontrolled batch experiments. The genomes of C. ragsdalei and C. coskatii were sequenced and the genome sequences of all four biocatalytic strains analyzed in comparative manner. Growth and product spectra (acetate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol) of C. autoethanogenum, C. ljungdahlii, and C. ragsdalei were rather similar. In contrast, C. coskatii produced significantly less ethanol and its genome sequence lacks two genes encoding aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductases (AOR). Comparative genome sequence analysis of the four WT strains revealed high average nucleotide identity (ANI) of C. ljungdahlii and C. autoethanogenum (99.3%) and C. coskatii (98.3%). In contrast, C. ljungdahlii WT and C. ragsdalei WT showed an ANI-based similarity of only 95.8%. Additionally, recombinant C. ljungdahlii strains were constructed that harbor an artificial acetone synthesis operon (ASO) consisting of the following genes: adc, ctfA, ctfB, and thlA (encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase, acetoacetyl-CoA:acetate/butyrate:CoA-transferase subunits A and B, and thiolase) under the control of thlA promoter (P thlA ) from C. acetobutylicum or native pta-ack promoter (P pta-ack ) from C. ljungdahlii. Respective recombinant strains produced 2-propanol rather than acetone, due to the presence of a NADPH-dependent primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase that converts acetone to 2-propanol. Furthermore, the ClosTron(TM) system was used to construct an adhE1 integration mutant. These results provide extensive insights into genetic features of industrially relevant bacterial biocatalysts and expand the toolbox for metabolic engineering of acetogenic bacteria able to ferment syngas.