gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sugar-sweetened beverages, urate, gout and genetic interaction. (2014)

The clinical manifestations of gout occur as a result of immune responses to monosodium urate crystals. Elevated serum levels of urate (hyperuricemia) are a prerequisite for the development of gout with reduced fractional renal excretion of uric acid (FEUA) an important cause. In New Zealand, Mãori and Pacific Island people have inherently raised urate levels with one consequence a higher prevalence of more severe gout. One characteristic metabolic effect of fructose, present in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), is raised urate from hepatic processing of fructose. Here we discuss, and place in a biological context evidence, linking consumption of SSB with hyperuricemia and gout, including the first review of recent ecological and clinical studies of the impact of fructose and SSB exposure in Pacific Island people. Both increased serum urate and increased FEUA are observed in clinical studies examining the effects of an acute fructose load. In contrast, chronic exposure to increased fructose in the diet also leads to increased serum urate concentrations, but reduced FEUA. Epidemiological studies have consistently associated SSB consumption with increased serum urate levels and increased risk of gout. Non-additive interaction of SSB consumption with a genetic variant of a uric acid transporter in serum urate levels and gout risk emphasizes the causality of SSB in gout. Taken together these data demonstrate the hyperuricemic effect of SSB and fructose, with biochemical pathways reasonably well understood. The evidence that dietary fructose increases urate is strong. The evidence summarized here is of sufficient weight to recommend reduction of SSB consumption, particularly in Pacific Island and Mãori people, to reduce the burden of gout.
Einführung (1994)

Direkte Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament sind ein relativ junges Pflänzchen im Garten der europäischen Politik. Entsprechend jung ist die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit ihnen. Der vorliegende Band versammelt bundesrepublikanische und international-vergleichende Analysen aus Anlaß der dritten Direktwahl des Europäischen Parlamentes vom Juni 1989. Die Einführung dazu ist vielleicht der rechte Ort, um nach den Gegenständen und nach dem Nutzen der Europawahlforschung zu fragen.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses induced by chronic treatment with interleukin-1 beta in pigs in vivo. (1995)

We recently demonstrated that chronic treatment with IL-1 beta induces coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses to autacoids in pigs in vivo and that those responses are importantly mediated by PDGF. The receptors for PDGF and other major growth factors are known to have tyrosine kinase activity. We therefore investigated the effects of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ST 638, on those responses induced by IL-1 beta in our swine model. Intimal thickening and coronary vasospastic responses to serotonin and histamine were induced at the site of the coronary artery where IL-1 beta was chronically and locally applied. These responses were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by cotreatment with ST 638. In addition, ST 494, which is an inactive form of ST 638, did not inhibit those responses. The treatment with ST 638 alone did not affect the coronary vasoconstricting responses to the autacoids. Immunoblotting using an antibody to phosphotyrosines confirmed the inhibitory effects of ST 638 on the tyrosine phosphorylations induced by IL-1 beta. These results thus suggest that tyrosine kinase activation may play an important role in mediating the effects of IL-1 beta, while also suggesting that ST 638 has an inhibitory effect on the arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses to autacoids in our swine model in vivo.
The endothelialization process of a fibrous polyurethane microvascular prosthesis after implantation in the abdominal aorta of the rat. A scanning electron microscopic study. (1984)

The endothelialization process of a fibrous microvascular polyurethane prosthesis (inner diameter 1.6 mm) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Forty-seven prostheses (1 cm) were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats between the left renal artery and the bifurcation. Specimens were taken on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 25, as well as 6 and 9 months after implantation, to evaluate immediate and delayed response and complications. The patency rate of the implants was 91.2%. After an initial recovery period of five days, endothelial cells started to migrate onto the inner surface of the prosthesis with a velocity of approximately 0.3 mm per day, resulting in a completely endothelialized prosthesis at day 21. A smooth continuous inner lining was achieved. A difference in growth pattern between the proximal and distal growth zone was observed, and may be attributed to the direction of the blood flow through the prosthesis. The endothelial cells advanced in a close arrangement. No cells were seen to settle and grow in between the two growth zones on the fibrin layer. If no immediate complications occur, the endothelialization process (21 days) proceeds uneventfully and no late complications are observed. Though it may be argued that the new cells lack some authentic endothelial features, this study indicates that they are at least of endothelial orgin, and behave morphologically like endothelial cells. It can be concluded that the adequate texture of the prosthesis and the cell anchoring, in combination with both an optimal surgical performance and blood flow, ensure that the microvascular prostheses are rapidly endothelialized and retain high patency rates over long periods of time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cryptanalysis of a certificateless identification scheme (2014)

ABSTRACT In 2013, Dehkordi and Alimoradi proposed a certificateless identification scheme using supersingular elliptic curves. This proposal came independent of the parallel work of Chin et al . in proposing the first known security models for certificateless identification with provable security. In this paper, we show that there are some design flaws in the Dehkordi–Alimoradi scheme, which lead one to conclude that their scheme is insecure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Mitigation of Volume Expansion of Silica Anodes by Porous Titanium Dioxide Coating for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Silica (SiO₂) is one of the most promising anode materials for LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the huge volume change of silica during the lithiation/delithiation processes is a disadvantage that results in poor electrochemical performance. In this study, the volume change of silica was effectively mitigated by coating the SiO₂ anode with porous TiO₂. The porous TiO₂ has a large amount of internal space that can mitigate the volume expansion of SiO₂. To verify the ratio of the volume change, the crosssection of the electrodes was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ratio of the volume change decreased from 293.5% to 140.7% upon application of the TiO₂ coating. Fourier transform infrared analysis suggested that the Ti-O-Si bond helped mitigate the volume expansion. Furthermore, the decrease in the volumetric expansion resulted in good electrochemical performance with increased charge capacity and stable cycle performance. The TiO₂ coated SiO₂ anode displayed a capacity of 72.33 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 98 mA g<sup>-1</sup> for up to 50 cycles, which was higher than that of the pristine SiO₂ anode (42.29 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>). The TiO₂ coated anode materials are applicable for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules and Cancer Progression (2007)

The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin, has been studied extensively in the process of inflammation. These molecules are responsible for recruiting leukocytes onto the vascular endothelium before extravasation to the injured tissues. Some circulating cancer cells have been shown to extravasate to a secondary site using a process similar to inflammatory cells. The most studied ligands for CAMs expressed on cancer cells, sialyl Lewis (a/x) antigens, are shown to be involved in adhesion to endothelial cells by binding to E-selectin. This process, shared by inflammatory cells and cancer cells, may partially explain the link between inflammation and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, this process may elucidate the therapeutic benefit of anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer treatment. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment has been revealed in the past decade. Currently, intense investigation is aimed at various aspects of the tumor microenvironment in addition to the tumor cells themselves. Here, we review the role of CAMs in extravasation of circulating cancer cells, a key step in metastasis.
Strain-Induced Formation of Surface Defects in Amorphous Silica: A Theoretical Prediction (2008)

We present a prediction for the formation of surface defects in a thin amorphous silica layer during relaxation of externally imposed stresses and strains, based on extensive ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Our calculations show that the application of a biaxial compressive stress leads to the creation of edge-sharing tetrahedron and/or silanone defects at the silica surface, which turns out to facilitate strain relief with irreversible structural changes in the silica layer. We also discuss a possible correlation between the predicted formation of surface defects and the observed enhanced surface reactivity of amorphous silica under compressive strain conditions.
Eine Mischung deuteriummarkierter Silane als einfache mechanistische Sonde, die ohne Bestimmung von absoluten Konfigurationen auskommt (2015)

Abstract Es wird über die Synthese und den Einsatz einer neuen stereochemischen Sonde für Mechanismen am Siliciumatom eines deuteriummarkierten Silolans berichtet. Der zentrale Syntheseschritt ist die Hydrierung eines 2,5‐Dihydrosilols mit Deuteriumgas, was zu einer komplexen Mischung isochroner Stereoisotopologe führt. Das gesamte stereochemische Ungleichgewicht dieser Mischung ist aus ihrem 2 H‐NMR‐Spektrum ersichtlich, und das bietet ein gutes qualitatives Maß für Konfigurationsänderungen am Siliciumatom. Das Verfahren ist schnell, benutzerfreundlich und überwindet die Einschränkungen und Nebeneffekte klassischer Methoden. Die Nützlichkeit dieses neuen Instruments zum Verfolgen des stereochemischen Verlaufs von Bindungsknüpfungen am Siliciumatom wird anhand etlicher klassischer Reaktionen sowie aktueller katalytischer Umsetzungen veranschaulicht.
Identification and Cloning of Centaurin-α (1996)

Using an affinity resin and photoaffinity label based on phospholipid analogs of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (InsP4), we have isolated, characterized, and cloned a 46-kDa protein from rat brain, which we have named centaurin-alpha. Binding specificity was determined using displacement of 1-O-[3H](3-[4-benzoyldihydrocinnamidyl]propyl)-InsP4 photoaffinity labeling. Centaurin-alpha displayed highest affinity for phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) (IC50 = 120 nM), whereas InsP4, PtdInsP2, and InsP3 bound with 5-, 12-, and >50-fold lower affinity, respectively. Screening a rat brain cDNA library with a polymerase chain reaction product, generated using partial amino acid sequence from tryptic peptides, yielded a full-length clone. The 2,450-base pair cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a novel protein of 419 amino acids. Northern analysis revealed a 2.5-kilobase transcript that is highly expressed in brain. The deduced sequence contains a novel putative zinc finger motif, 10 ankyrin-like repeats, and shows homology to recently identified yeast and mammalian Arf GTPase-activating proteins. Given the specificity of binding and enrichment in brain, centaurin-alpha is a candidate PtdInsP3 receptor that may link the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to downstream responses in the brain.
Discomfort design (2020)

column Share on Discomfort design Authors: m.c. schraefel University of Southampton University of SouthamptonView Profile , Aaron Tabor University of New Brunswick University of New BrunswickView Profile , Elizabeth Murnane Stanford University Stanford UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 27Issue 2March - April 2020 pp 40–45https://doi.org/10.1145/3381875Published:25 February 2020Publication History 2citation1,129DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads1,129Last 12 Months365Last 6 weeks43 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Preparation and characterization of nanofiltration composite membranes using polyacrylonitrile (PAN). II. Preparation and characterization of polyamide composite membranes (2001)

Abstract Polyamide (PA) composite membranes in which PA active layers were interconnected with support layers via the formation of ionic bonds were prepared by the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surfaces of microporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) supports containing carboxylic acid groups. Formation of the ionic bonds through an acid‐base reaction between NH group of PIP and COOH of the support was studied using FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy. Variation of the surface morphologies of the composite membranes that was induced by the presence of the ionic bonds was observed with a FESEM and an AFM. Permeation tests with various feed solutions such as PEG 600, Na 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , MgCl 2 , and NaCl solutions were carried out to see how the characteristics of the PAN supports affected on the flux and rejection of the corresponding PA composite membranes. Chemical stabilities of the composite membranes with the ionic bonds were studied and compared with that of a conventional PA composite membrane, using alcohol solutions. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2729–2736, 2001
15HYAL2 and CD44v6: towards new molecular signatures of plaque instability (2018)

Background: Enhanced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is associated with various vascular diseases like atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis. SMC phenotype switching from a quiescent to a proliferative state is among others triggered by various signaling cascades which downregulate essential structural and cytoskeletal proteins. Here, we propose that vasorin, a smooth muscle cell specific protein, is a novel regulator of SMC proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Methods/Results: Vasorin was found to be expressed specifically in smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo as determined by qPCR, immunofluorescence-and western blot analysis. Upon wireinduced injury of murine femoral arteries, vasorin expression was down regulated in vivo as assessed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence (0.12 fold, p<0.001). Mimicking this down regulation in vitro significantly enhanced the proliferation of SMC (100% vs 128.74%, p<0.001). Moreover, SMC lacking vasorin exhibited a reduced expression of various marker molecules of differentiated SMC like smoothelin and calponin as shown by western blot analysis. In contrast, overexpression of vasorin in SMC in vitro significantly reduced the serum-induced proliferation of SMC (100% vs 51.53 %, p<0.001). Mechanistically, we revealed that vasorin directly binds the EGFR and thereby inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and subsequent signaling as assessed by coimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. Vasorin was furthermore identified to be a direct target of miRNA-146a as determined by western blot, qRT-PCR and a luciferase assay. miRNA-146a expression was upregulated following wire-induced injury in vivo. Inhibition of miRNA-146a using specific antisense nucleotides (LNAs) restored vasorin expression in SMC in vivo. Following the specific inhibition of miRNA-146a by local application of LNA-miRNA-146a after wire-induced injury of the mouse femoral artery, SMC proliferation was reduced significantly, as assessed by Ki67 immunofluorescence (22.72 % vs 10.26% p<0.05). Consistently, local application of LNA-146a significantly reduced neointima formation (neointima/media ratio 2.84 in control vs 1.72 in treated animals p<0.01). Conclusion: Vasorin is a cell specific regulator of SMC differentiation and proliferation. The expression and function of vasorin is tightly regulated by miR-146a. Restoring vasorin expression via the inhibition of miR-146a prevents de-differentiation and proliferation of SMC following vascular injury and thus prevents neointima formation. Targeting vasorin represents a novel, effective and cell specific approach to prevent neointima formation.
Small-signal averaged model and carrier-based linear control of a new Sheppard-Taylor-based PFC (2008)

In this paper, the small-signal averaged model of a new Sheppard-Taylor-based DC-DC converter, used in single-phase power factor correction (PFC) applications, is derived. Compared to the conventional Sheppard-Taylor converter, this topology allows lower voltage stresses across the capacitors and larger output voltage range for the same operating area. Based on the proposed model, a carrier-based Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) linear control system is developed in order to ensure a unity power factor at the rectifier AC-side and a regulated voltage at the rectifier DC-side. Both current and voltage regulators are PI-type. The performance of the proposed control scheme is tested through simulations. The system performance is evaluated in terms of source current total harmonic distortion (THD), input power factor and DC-voltage regulation.
IS OFFSHORING: A PROPOSED MATURITY MODEL OF OFFSHORE IS SUPPLIERS (2007)

Companies in developed economies are now accustomed to use offshore IS services to develop and maintain software, and an increasing number of specialist offshore services firms exists to meet the demand. These include systems integrators whose origins are in developed economies, and âpure playâ offshore IS providers that originate in countries where the cost of IS labour is relatively low. Both type of offshore organisation have changed considerably in recent years in response to market demand and competitive pressure.\nAlthough researchers have developed maturity models for users of IS offshoring, there is little that describes the nature and behaviour of offshore IS providers. Accordingly, this paper proposes a maturity model for offshore IS suppliers that is analogous to various consumer-oriented maturity models found in the literature and in trade journals. This preliminary framework is developed by reference to literature on outsourcing, offshoring and IS maturity models, and by recent relevant experience of practitioner organisations.\nThe conclusions from this study can be used to guide further research, and to develop constructs helpful to practitioners. The research helps suppliers of offshore IS services to understand the particular conditions in which it is appropriate to consider new business models. For consumers of offshore outsourcing, it provides a framework for categorising suppliers of IS services.
Development of a Quantum Dot-based Assay System for Detection of Specific HIV-1 LTR Sequence Variants (2005)

Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence variation within the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and stimulating protein (Sp) transcription factor binding sites has identified variants that correlate with HIV-associated dementia (HIVD). CdSe/ZnS nanocrytsals have facilitated the investigation of nanoand peco-scale biological components. Quantum dot-conjugated oligonucleotides homologous to specific variants of Sp site III and C/EBP site I, were utilized to quantitate the relative abundance of specific LTR variants. Quantum dot-conjugated oligonucleotides containing the Sp site III 5T binding site variant (C-to-T change at position 5) or the C/EBP site I 3T site variant, were reacted with plasmid DNA containing increasing concentrations of plasmid with the homologous LTR sequence variant. The results suggest that quantum dot-conjugated oligonucleotides specific for sequence variants within the LTR can be used as reporter molecules for identification and quantitation of HIV-1 genetic variation. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Power flow cyber attacks and perturbation-based defense (2012)

In this paper, we present two contributions to false data injection attacks and mitigation in electric power systems. First, we introduce a method of creating unobservable attacks on the AC power flow equations. The attack strategy details how an adversary can launch a stealthy attack to achieve a goal. Then, we introduce a proactive defense strategy that is capable of detecting attacks. The defense strategy introduces known perturbations by deliberately probing the system in a specific, structured manner. We show that the proposed approach, under certain conditions, is able to detect the presence of false data injection attacks, as well the attack locations and information about the manipulated data values.
Introducing the transfer function concept for a complex structure due to electromagnetic wave penetration using FDTD method (2005)

A complex structure (a typical room in this case), considering the heterogeneousness in its geometry and construction materials, is exposed to EM pulses and the response of electric and magnetic fields is obtained by introducing the concept of a transfer function (TF) for the structure as a linear system. The FDTD method is used to calculate the temporal response of EM fields inside the structure due to a Gaussian incident plane wave and then a frequency domain response is obtained via a discrete Fourier transform. In the next step, we assign a TF to each point by dividing its frequency response by the frequency response of the Gaussian incident wave.. This TF can be used to predict the response of the system to any other temporal waveforms with a frequency content near to the input's frequency content. Thus, once we pay the cost of a long-time memory-consuming numerical calculation to obtain the exact solution of the field distribution inside the structure, due to a proper input (Gaussian pulse), we can come up with a very simple and fast way to predict the answer to other similar inputs.