gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of cellular myc and mos genes in undifferentiated B cell lymphomas of Burkitt and non-Burkitt types. (1983)

Burkitt lymphomas contain reciprocal translocations between chromosome 8 and one of the chromosomes containing the immunoglobulin gene loci, prompting speculation that consequent activation of a crucial gene(s) on chromosome 8 might be involved in the generation of these tumors. Recently the human counterparts of the retroviral oncogenes v-myc and v-mos have been mapped to chromosome 8. We have, therefore, analyzed the level of transcription of the cellular myc and mos genes in a variety of undifferentiated B cell lymphomas of Burkitt and non-Burkitt type that possess either an 8;14 or an 8;22 translocation. These lines expressed 2- to 5-fold more myc-specific RNA than do B cell lines without a translocation. Tumor cell lines of American origin with an 8;14 or 8;22 translocation expressed similar amounts of myc-specific RNA. Tumor cell lines of African origin contained slightly higher levels of myc-specific RNA than did those of American origin. However, level of expression does not appear to correlate with the presence or absence of Epstein-Barr virus. Therefore, a major increase in the transcription of this gene secondary to translocation is unlikely to be the cause of Burkitt lymphoma. There was no evidence of mos-related transcripts in any of the cell lines tested.
CCR1 Chemokine Receptor Antagonist (2003)

The selective accumulation and activation of leukocytes in inflamed tissues contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as infection, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and multiple sclerosis. A substantial body of reports suggests that chemokines and their receptors, which belong to a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), may be involved in the selective accumulation and activation of leukocytes in inflamed tissues, and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. One such receptor is CCR1 which is a receptor for CC chemokines, such as CCL5 (RANTES) and CCL3 (MIP-1alpha). The involvement of CCR1 in immunological diseases now is documented in several preclinical studies with CCR1 deficient mice, anti-CCR1 antibodies and CCR1 antagonists, suggesting that CCR1 may be an attractive therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. Publications and patents describing CCR1 antagonists and their pharmacological effects have recently been disclosed. This review highlights the biology and pathophysiology of CCR1, and some of its currently reported antagonists. Additionally, our approach to CCR1 drug discovery is summarized.
The Epstein–Barr virus‐binding site on CD21 is involved in CD23 binding and interleukin‐4‐induced IgE and IgG4 production by human B cells (1996)

Human CD21 has previously been described as a receptor for the C3d,g and iC3b proteins of complement, as a receptor for the gp350/220 envelope glycoprotein of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and also as a receptor for inerferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Structurally, CD21 consists of 15 to 16 short consensus repeats (SCR) of 60 to 75 amino acids followed by a transmembrane domain and an intracytoplasmic region. We reported that CD23, a low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R2), is a new functional ligand for CD21. We recently found that the sites of interaction of CD23 on CD21 are on SCR 5 to 8 and 1-2. The first site is a lectin-sugar type of interaction and the second site is a protein-protein interaction. We report here that amongst the other ligands for CD21 (EBV, C3d,g and IFN-alpha), only EBV is able to inhibit the binding of CD23 to CD21. Furthermore, even a peptide from gp350/220 of EBV known to bind to CD21 is able to decrease CD23 binding to CD21. Since CD23/CD21 pairing is important in the control of IgE production, we tested the effect of the EBV-derived peptide on immunoglobulin production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified tonsillar B cells. Interestingly, the EBV-peptide inhibited IgE and IgG4 production induced by interleukin-4, in a dose-dependent manner. The same results were obtained using either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified tonsillar B cells. Another CD21 ligand, C3, did not affect binding of CD23 to CD21 nor the production of IgE and IgG4. This study indicates that blocking CD23 binding to CD21 SCR 2 on human B cells selectively modulates immunoglobulin production.
A radioisotope labeling technique for vapor density measurements of volatile inorganic species (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA radioisotope labeling technique for vapor density measurements of volatile inorganic speciesE. J. Peterson, J. A. Caird, Jan P. Hessler, H. R. Hoekstra, and C. W. WilliamsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 19, 2458–2462Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100482a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100482a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Waveband-switchable SOA ring laser constructed with a phase modulator loop mirror filter (2005)

An electrically tunable multiwavelength source has been developed using a birefringence-based optical comb filter in a semiconductor optical amplifier ring laser. The filter is constructed with an electrooptic phase modulator placed inside a fiber loop mirror. By controlling the birefringence of the modulator through the applied bias, the radio-frequency power, or the modulation frequency, we achieve a continuous shift of the spectral comb to access different interleaved wavebands. Electrical waveband switching has been successfully demonstrated for 21 wavelengths at 100-GHz grid spacing with an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 40 dB.
Crystallization Kinetics and Crystal Structure of Nylon6-Clay Nanocomposites: Combined Effects of Thermomechanical History, Clay Content, and Cooling Conditions (2008)

International audience
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cell Surface Receptors Using Targeted Contrast Agents (2004)

Over the past decade MR (magnetic resonance) imaging has emerged as one of the major modalities for noninvasive functional imaging. Recent advances in the development of targeted MR contrast agents have added significantly to the capabilities of MR imaging. In particular, the use of targeted contrast agents to report on the expression of cell surface receptors, combined with the functional capabilities of MR imaging, together provide unique opportunities to understand receptor-mediated pathways. In this article we have reviewed current MRI strategies used to visualize receptor expression, the potential advantages and drawbacks of these strategies, and novel areas of focus for the future.
Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for GSM, LTE, and 5G applications (2020)

In this work a frequency reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is studied and designed, the reconfigurability is achieved by using two PIN diodes as switches. The designed antenna operates in the frequencies 1.80 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 3.6 GHz it is also operating on the lower band of 5G (3.4-3.
<title>Multiplexed sensor systems in quantitative FTIR process spectroscopy</title> (1992)

A series of FT-IR spectrometer based remote sensing systems have been developed taking advantage of the new technology of IR transmitting optical fibers. The systems may be used to monitor the chemical composition of solid, liquid and gas phase samples. An array of remote sensors may be interfaced to a single FT-IR spectrometer through a multi-fiber launch module. An optical channel selector (OCS) allows the sensors to be addressed with a single opto-mechanically multiplexed detector system. Remote collimated beam sensors have been developed for web monitoring and liquid and gas phase sensing. An optimized multi-detector web monitoring system has been developed for moving web sensing on optically dttuse webs. Quantitative data will be presented for a number of remote spectroscopic measurements.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing venous vascular abnormalities in the head and neck: a demonstration of cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients (2015)

The study of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and its impact on the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains controversial. Although the initial thrust in evaluating CCSVI was with ultrasound, other modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to study venous vascular abnormalities. This review focuses on the findings of a number of past MRI studies including a look at a combined study of four previous works with a cohort of 559 MS patients regarding structure and function of the extra-cranial vasculature. Strengths and limitations of each paper are discussed which give insight into conflicting reports of venous abnormalities in MS patients and healthy controls. Guidelines for data acquisition and analysis for future studies related to extra-cranial structure and flow, both arterial and venous, are discussed. This includes the grading of stenosis of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) as well as normalized flows through major veins of the neck. The lack of agreement between most studies is likely due to inconsistent data acquisition and incomplete data analysis. Our own work over four independent sites shows good agreement, indicating that there is a high incidence of stenosis and structural venous abnormalities in the MS population and that this change results in reduced outflow of the IJVs and increased collateralization of venous return to the heart compared to healthy controls.
Model of a realistic InP surface quantum dot extrapolated from atomic force microscopy results (2014)

We report on numerical simulations of a zincblende InP surface quantum dot (QD) on In₀.₄₈Ga₀.₅₂ buffer. Our model is strictly based on experimental structures, since we extrapolated a three-dimensional dot directly by atomic force microscopy results. Continuum electromechanical, [Formula: see text] bandstructure and optical calculations are presented for this realistic structure, together with benchmark calculations for a lens-shape QD with the same radius and height of the extrapolated dot. Interesting similarities and differences are shown by comparing the results obtained with the two different structures, leading to the conclusion that the use of a more realistic structure can provide significant improvements in the modeling of QDs fact, the remarkable splitting for the electron p-like levels of the extrapolated dot seems to prove that a realistic experimental structure can reproduce the right symmetry and a correct splitting usually given by atomistic calculations even within the multiband [Formula: see text] approach. Moreover, the energy levels and the symmetry of the holes are strongly dependent on the shape of the dot. In particular, as far as we know, their wave function symmetries do not seem to resemble to any results previously obtained with simulations of zincblende ideal structures, such as lenses or truncated pyramids. The magnitude of the oscillator strengths is also strongly dependent on the shape of the dot, showing a lower intensity for the extrapolated dot, especially for the transition between the electrons and holes ground state, as a result of a relevant reduction of the wave functions overlap. We also compare an experimental photoluminescence spectrum measured on an homogeneous sample containing about 60 dots with a numerical ensemble average derived from single dot calculations. The broader energy range of the numerical spectrum motivated us to perform further verifications, which have clarified some aspects of the experimental results and helped us to develop a suitable model for the spectrum, by assuming a not equiprobable weight from each dot, a model which is extremely consistent with the experimental data.
Evaluation of line-edge roughness in Cu/low-k interconnect patterns with CD-SEM (2009)

To establish the method for evaluating interconnect LER, resist, low-k, and Cu/low-k samples were observed and electric-field enhancement was simulated. Wedge-shape LER was observed in the edges of low-k and Cu/low-k patterns, and simulations showed that the wedge causes serious electric-field enhancement which can degrade TDDB property. To predict the risk of TDDB, inspections of the wedge angle after low-k etching and Cu CMP are required as well as that of the degree of LER.
Priority-Based Medium Access Control for Wireless Body Area Networks With High-Performance Design (2019)

The wireless body area network (WBAN) has attracted considerable attention. Two main problems exist in WBANs: 1) the quality of service (QoS) requirements and 2) the energy efficiency of data transmission. To solve the above problems, in this paper, we carefully design the sensor priority according to the importance degree, sampling rate, timeout condition, and remaining energy. Then, considering the priority of the node and the channel factors, a utility function is introduced to characterize the value of a node transmitting data frames in a specific time period. Next, we model the time slot allocation problem, where the objective is to maximize the total utility of the data transmission of all nodes in a specified period of time by adjusting the transmission time and the transmission duration of each node. Finally, according to the problem model, we propose a time slot allocation scheme based on a greedy strategy, which effectively reduces the time complexity of the direct solution to the problem. In this scheme, nodes with higher priority are arranged to transmit data frames in the time slots with better channel conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves substantial improvements in QoS and energy efficiency relative to the comparison schemes.
Effect of Local Neck Anatomy on Localized One-Dimensional Measurements of Arterial Stiffness: A Finite-Element Model Study (2019)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most prevalent cause of death in the Western World, and their prevalence is only expected to rise. Several screening modalities aim at detecting CVD at the early stages. A common target for early screening is common carotid artery (CCA) stiffness, as reflected in the pulse wave velocity (PWV). For assessing the CCA stiffness using ultrasound (US), one-dimensional (1D) measurements along the CCA axis are typically used, ignoring possible boundary conditions of neck anatomy and the US probe itself. In this study, the effect of stresses and deformations induced by the US probe, and the effect of anatomy surrounding CCA on a simulated 1D stiffness measurement (PWVus) is compared with the ground truth stiffness (PWVgt) in 60 finite-element models (FEM) derived from anatomical computed tomography (CT) scans of ten healthy male volunteers. Based on prior knowledge from the literature, and from results in this study, we conclude that it is safe to approximate arterial stiffness using 1D measurements of compliance or pulse wave velocity, regardless of boundary conditions emerging from the anatomy or from the measurement procedure.
Painful Spondylolisthesis in a Two-Year-Old Child (1995)

Summary: Spondylolisthesis is considered one of the common causes of back pain in children. There are far fewer cases reported in children under the age of 4 years. However, all patients described were diagnosed by radiographic examination in a workup for other congenital or musculoskeletal abnormalities. This report describes a 2-year-old girl who presented with low back pain and was subsequently diagnosed with spondylolisthesis.
Cornification Diseases (Skin Cell Death) (2018)

Abstract The outermost layer of the skin is formed by the cornified envelope (CE), which is the end product of the process of keratinisation. This forms a barrier that is essential to protect the internal homeostasis of the organism from the external environment. The process of keratinisation proceeds according to a complex and elaborately controlled differentiation programme with the coordinated expression of genes encoding specialised components, enzymes and regulatory molecules. The CE is a specialised structure that replaces the plasma membrane of differentiating keratinocytes and consists of proteins cross‐linked by covalent bonds and lipids to form a scaffold. Understanding of the pathologies associated with defects in CE components will help clarify the molecular mechanisms and the physiological endpoints of keratinisation. Key Concepts The outermost layer of the skin is formed by the cornified envelope (CE). The CE is a specialised structure that replaces the plasma membrane of differentiating keratinocytes. It consists of proteins cross‐linked by covalent bonds and lipids to form a scaffold. The CE is essential to provide the barrier function of the epidermis. The transglutaminase enzymes play a major role in the formation of the CE by catalysing the formation of cross‐links between specific proteins. Mutations in keratin genes cause a wide variety of epidermal and other epithelial disorders. CE lipids contribute in a significant way to the establishment of barrier function of the epidermis by impermeabilising the cornified cell and participating in the organisation of the intercellular lipid lamellae. Defects in proteases result in barrier function abnormalities or skin diseases. The transcription factor p63 is crucial in epidermis formation, maintaining the progenitor‐cell populations that are necessary to sustain epithelial development and morphogenesis.
Noninvasive spatiotemporal imaging of neural transmission in the subcortical visual pathway (2017)

Spatiotemporal signal transmission in the human subcortical visual pathway has not been directly demonstrated to date. To delineate this signal transmission noninvasively, we investigated the early latency components between 45 ms (P45m) and 75 ms (N75m) of visually-evoked neuromagnetic fields (VEFs). Four healthy volunteers participated in this study. Hemi-visual field light flash stimuli were delivered a total of 1200 times. Neuromagnetic responses were measured with a 160-channel whole-head gradiometer. In three participants, averaged waveforms indicated a subtle but distinct component that peaked with a very early latency at 44.7 ± 2.1 ms with an initial rise latency of 36.8 ± 3.1 ms, followed by a typical prominent cortical component at 75 ms. The moving equivalent current dipoles continuously estimated from P45m to N75m were first localized in the vicinity of the contralateral lateral geniculate body, then rapidly propagated along the optic radiation and finally terminated in the contralateral calcarine fissure. This result indicates that the source of P45m is the lateral geniculate body and that the early latency components P45m-N75m of the VEFs reflect neural transmission in the optic radiation. This is the first report to noninvasively demonstrate the neurophysiological transmission of visual information through the optic radiation.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of N-(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)arylacetamide Analogues as Potent σ1 Receptor Ligands (2001)

A series of N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)arylacetamides were synthesized and evaluated for their binding properties for sigma1 and sigma2 receptors. In agreement with previously reported sigma1/sigma2 receptor binding data for N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)phenylacetamide, all of the N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)arylacetamide compounds reported below displayed higher affinity for sigma1 vs sigma2 receptors. Replacement of the phenyl ring of the phenylacetamide moiety with a thiophene, naphthyl, or indole aromatic ring had no significant effect on the sigma1 receptor affinity. Replacement of the phenyl ring with an imidazole or pyridyl aromatic ring resulted in a >60-fold loss in affinity for sigma1 receptors and no significant binding affinity for sigma2 receptors. Substitution on the aromatic ring of the benzyl group showed a similar or slightly decreased affinity for sigma1 receptors. Substitution on the aromatic rings of both the phenylacetamide moiety and the benzyl group with a halogen resulted in a similar affinity for sigma(1) receptors and a significantly increased affinity for sigma2 receptors. Comparative molecular field analysis revealed that electrostatic properties of the substituents in the phenylacetamide aromatic ring strongly influenced binding to sigma1 receptors. Compounds 1, 10, 18, 22, 37, and 40 showed the highest selectivity for sigma1 receptors with K(i) (sigma2) to K(i) (sigma(1)) ratios of 100, >92, >122, 77, 74, and 80, respectively. In agreement with previously reported results, the phenylacetamide analogues had no binding affinity for dopamine receptors (D2/D3).
Optimizing Process Parameters in Commercial Micro‐Stereolithography for Forming Emulsions and Polymer Microparticles in Nonplanar Microfluidic Devices (2018)

Abstract The fabrication of microfluidic devices with nonplanar microchannel design by micro‐stereolithography (µSL) for oil‐in‐water (O/W) and water‐in‐oil (W/O) single emulsion as well as oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) and water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion formation is presented. By investigating separation distance, printing direction and voxel compensation in X , Y ‐plane as key printing parameters, microflow cells with channel cross‐sections varying from 500 to 75 µm are printed, which are thus truly similar to those yielded by conventional stamped microfluidics. Without the need of controlling microchannel wettability, these flow cells are employed for forming O/W and W/O microdroplets, ≈130–80 µm in diameter and narrow size distribution of 2%, and at frequencies of up to 2.9 kHz. The as‐formed emulsion droplets are then utilized as templates for preparing hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer microparticles, respectively. Likewise, O/W/O and W/O/W double emulsions are prepared in a single microflow cell to extend the applicability of nonplanar, 3D‐printed microfluidic devices. For each set of experiments, the same single flow cell is used to prove the reusability and robustness of the 3D‐printed flow cells compared to microfluidic flow cells fabricated by conventional, combined photo‐ and soft‐lithography.