gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SMALL-SCALE InGaP/GaAs HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS FOR HIGH-SPEED AND LOW-POWER INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS (2001)

Small-scale InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with high-speed as well as low-current operation are demonstrated. To reduce the emitter size S E and the base-collector capacitance C BC simultaneously, the HBTs are fabricated by using WSi/Ti as the base electrode and by burying SiO 2 in the extrinsic collector region. WSi/Ti metals simplify and facilitate processing to fabricate small base electrodes, and the buried SiO 2 reduces the parasitic C BC under the base electrode. The cutoff frequency f T of 156 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency f max of 255 GHz were obtained at a collector current I c of 3.5 mA for the HBT with S E of 0.5 μ m ×4.5 μ m , and f T of 114 GHz and f max of 230 GHz were obtained at I C of 0.9 mA for the HBT with S E of 0.25 μ m ×1.5 μ m . A 1/8 static frequency divider operated at a maximum toggle frequency of 39.5 GHz with a power consumption per flip-flop of 190 mW. A transimpedance amplifier provides a gain of 46.5 dB·Ω with a bandwidth of 41.6 GHz at a power consumption of 150 mW. These results indicate the great potential of our HBTs for high-speed. low power integrated circuit applications.
<title>Thermal neutron imaging</title> (1995)

A brief review is given of position-sensitive detector systems for thermal neutron imaging, highlighting novel techniques and the goal of sub-mm spatial resolution. The links between position-sensitive neutron detection and soft x-ray imaging are emphasized.
Changes to the Editorial Board (2021)

Dr. Jan Vobecky has decided to step down from the editorial board. On behalf of IEEE Electron Device Letters’ authors, readers, and staff, I would like to express my deepest gratitude for his contributions and service to the journal over the past three years and wish him continued success in his professional endeavors.
Structure and solution behavior of metal-phenanthroline derivative complexes (2020)

Metal-ligand binding depends on the structure and reactivities of the ligands. A new series of phenanthroline ligand analogs caused considerable distortions at the metal center and opened a promising avenue to study metal ligand interactions. The goal of this work is to examine the properties of various dipyridyl ligands that are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline that has a flat and
Unsupervised Aspect Discovery from Online Consumer Reviews (2014)

The success of on-line review websites has led to an overwhelming number of on-line consumer reviews. These reviews have become an important tool for consumers when making a decision to purchase a product. This growth has led to the need for applications that enable this information to be presented in a way that is meaningful. These applications often rely on domain specific semantic lexicons which are both expensive and time consuming to make.&#13;\n&#13;\n The following thesis proposes an unsupervised approach for product aspect discovery in on-line consumer reviews. We apply a two step hierarchical clustering process in which we first cluster based on the semantic similarity of the contexts of terms and then on the similarity of the hypernyms of the cluster members. The method also includes a process for assigning class labels to each of the clusters. Finally an experiment showing how the proposed methods can be used to measure aspect based sentiment is performed.&#13;\n &#13;\nThe methods proposed in this thesis are evaluated on a set of 157,865 reviews from a major commercial website and found that the two-step clustering process increases cluster F-scores over a single round of clustering. Finally, the proposed methods are compared to a state of the art topic modelling approach by Titov and McDonald (2008).
Integrated III–V semiconductor flow cytometer with capillary fill micro-fluidics (2015)

The potential of the device is demonstrated through the results of a micro-bead counting experiment. A 0.5 μl sample volume containing 10 μm polystyrene micro-beads in Dl water is deposited into an on-chip inlet reservoir from where it flows, under capillary action, through a buried flow cell. A laser on one side of the cell is forward biased and the opposing laser is operated as a photodiode. Both are pulsed to provide sub-μs time-resolution of bead transit `events' with a 30 mV noise floor that affords a large dynamic range of over 1.2 V. After passing through the flow cell the sample fluid is drawn into a spiral patterned exit reservoir that provides sufficient pull through to sustain a continuous flow for over 30 s with flow rate of > 4mm/s.
Properties of Tb-doped vacuum-sintered Lu2O3 storage phosphor (2003)

Tb 3+ -doped Lu2O3 sintered ceramics were prepared in vacuum and in air. It was shown that the vacuum-sintered disks are able to store energy when irradiated with 300-nm or shorter photons. A small part of the stored energy could be recovered with 980-nm light. A much more significant amount of the stored energy could be released with red 647-nm photons. However, recovering the total stored energy could be accomplished only upon heating up to about 300 °C. Changes in absorption of the raw materials upon ultraviolet irradiation and subsequent IR (980 and 647 nm) treatments or upon heating at 300 °C are presented and discussed. A model for energy storing and recovering through the various IR irradiations or through heating is presented. At least two distinct ways of hole trapping as Tb4+ or Vk-center as well as creation of F and F+ is suggested.
Involvement of the Lateral Amygdala in the Antiallodynic and Reinforcing Effects of Heroin in Rats after Peripheral Nerve Injury (2011)

μ-Opioid receptors in the lateral amygdala partially meditate heroin's antiallodynic effects and self-administration after peripheral nerve injury. The lack of effect of β-funaltrexamine on heroin self-administration in sham-operated subjects suggests that opioids maintain self-administration through a distinct mechanism in the presence of pain.
Skip-Webs: Efficient Distributed Data Structures for Multi-Dimensional Data Sets (2005)

We present a framework for designing efficient distributed data structures for multi-dimensional data. Our structures, which we call skip-webs, extend and improve previous randomized distributed data structures, including skipnets and skip graphs. Our framework applies to a general class of data querying scenarios, which include linear (one-dimensional) data, such as sorted sets, as well as multi-dimensional data, such as d-dimensional octrees and digital tries of character strings defined over a fixed alphabet. We show how to perform a query over such a set of n items spread among n hosts using O(log n / log log n) messages for one-dimensional data, or O(log n) messages for fixed-dimensional data, while using only O(log n) space per host. We also show how to make such structures dynamic so as to allow for insertions and deletions in O(log n) messages for quadtrees, octrees, and digital tries, and O(log n / log log n) messages for one-dimensional data. Finally, we show how to apply a blocking strategy to skip-webs to further improve message complexity for one-dimensional data when hosts can store more data.
Scaling and variability analysis of CNT-based NEMS devices and circuits with implications for process design (2008)

This work presents an extensive scaling analysis of carbon nanotube (CNT) based Nano-Electro Mechanical Switches (NEMS) considering the effect of process variations on both device and circuit level metrics. Implications for NEMS- material, switch architecture and geometry are also analyzed in detail. A rigorous nano-electromechanical simulation methodology in employed to study the operation and reliability of CNT-NEMS devices. It is shown that CNT-NEMS structures become increasingly susceptible to stiction failure and violating performance requirements as feature size scales down, thereby highlighting the need for advanced nanofabrication techniques if these structures are to be integrated in digital ICs.
High-Q integrated passive elements for high frequency applications (2005)

Using MEMS fabrication technology, we have demonstrated very high frequency and high quality factor (Q) varactors, inductors and transformers on a Si substrate. On high resistivity Si, this technology results in broadband analog varactors with continuous tuning range as high as 3:1 and 1 nH inductors with Q>60 at frequencies of 3 to 7 GHz. High efficiency high-Q transformers with coupling factors 0.6<k<0.9 are achieved with very high self-resonance frequencies (8 GHz<f/sub res/<16 GHz). This technology is compatible with Si fabrication technologies and can be either implemented as a post-processing step or as a part of a vertical chip to interposer packaging scheme.
Syntheses of Fluorescence-labeled Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Methylene and Sulfur Analogues as Possible Visible Ligands to the Receptor (2008)

Abstract The methylene and sulfur analogues of sphingosine 1-phosphate labeled with a fluorescent group at the terminus of the backbone skeleton were stereoselectively synthesized as possible nonhydrolyzable visible ligands to the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P1.
A simple method of growth and lithiation of Ba6Mn24O48 whiskers (2005)

Isothermal crystal growth from evaporating fluxes of alkaline chlorides allowed the reproducible, high yield synthesis of micron thick and millimetre long whiskers of two manganese-rich phases, BaMn8O16 hollandite and Ba6Mn24O48 manganite, with a tunnel crystal structure. The crystal morphology suggests that they grow by a VLS (vapour–liquid–solid)-related mechanism. An ion exchange in molten LiNO3 at about 300 °C was found to introduce lithium in structural channels of the Ba6Mn24O48 phase due to partial barium substitution.
Automatic Face Authentication from 3D surface (1998)

This paper presents automatic face authentication based on facial surface analysis. The success of a previous profile-based approach, exclusively relying on geometrical features of the external contour, led us to consider the full facial surface. This motivation was further supported by the independence of viewpoint and lighting conditions of 3D information. The geometry also carries information which is complementary to grey-level based approaches, supporting the combination with those techniques. The facial surface is captured by a system based on structured light and adapted to face to deliver a cheap, fast and sufficiently precise solution. Typical applications concern security in cooperative situations.
Acetylcholinesterase deficiency contributes to neuromuscular junction dysfunction in type 1 diabetic neuropathy (2012)

Diabetic neuropathy is associated with functional and morphological changes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) associated with muscle weakness. This study examines the effect of type 1 diabetes on NMJ function. Swiss Webster mice were made diabetic with three interdaily ip injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Mice were severely hyperglycemic within 7 days after the STZ treatment began. Whereas performance of mice on a rotating rod remained normal, the twitch tension response of the isolated extensor digitorum longus to nerve stimulation was reduced significantly at 4 wk after the onset of STZ-induced hyperglycemia. This mechanical alteration was associated with increased amplitude and prolonged duration of miniature end-plate currents (mEPCs). Prolongation of mEPCs was not due to expression of the embryonic acetylcholine receptor but to reduced muscle expression of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). Greater sensitivity of mEPC decay time to the selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor PEC suggests that muscle attempts to compensate for reduced AChE levels by increasing expression of BChE. These alterations of AChE are attributed to STZ-induced hyperglycemia since similar mEPC prolongation and reduced AChE expression were found for db/db mice. The reduction of muscle end-plate AChE activity early during the onset of STZ-induced hyperglycemia may contribute to endplate pathology and subsequent muscle weakness during diabetes.
Enzymatic and immunological studies of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in familial porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. (1984)

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity was measured in hemoglobin-free lysates from two patients with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) and from 12 unrelated patients with familial porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). In HEP patients, enzyme activities were 5% of normal, and familial studies clearly confirmed that patients with HEP are cases of homozygous PCT. Immunoreactive uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was measured by developing a direct and noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). For the 12 familial PCT patients, we found an immunoreactive protein decreased (51%) to the same extent as the catalytic activity (48%) [cross-reactive immunological material ( CRIM ) negative]. The children from the HEP family were also CRIM negative, contrasting with another HEP family previously described as CRIM positive; our data support the hypothesis of a heterogeneity in familial uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency.
Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Leaf Oils from Indonesia (2017)

Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Oil, also known as Kayu Putih oil, is one of the most important non-timber forest products in Indonesia. This oil has diverse bioactivity, such as insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral. This study elucidated the chemical compositions and biological activities of M. leucadendron leaf oils from Java, Indonesia in order to evaluate their potency and improve their utilization. Leaf samples of M. leucadendron in this study were collected from plantation forest in Gunung Kidul-Yogyakarta (L1), Gundih-Central Java (L2) and Sukun-East Java (L3), Indonesia in different plant ages of 5 (A1), 10 (A2) and 15 (A3) years-old. Oil samples were distillated by water-steam distillation. Identification of chemical composition of these essential oils was conducted by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antifungal activity was examined using a method by Wang et al. (2005) with slight modification against pathogenic fungi of Fusarium oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Rhizopus oryzae. GC-MS investigations of M. leucadendron leaf oils showed 26 compounds have been identified. The result showed 1,8-cineole (44.76% to 60.19%) was the major compound in these oil, followed by α-terpineol (5.93% to 12.45%), D(+)-limonene (4.45% to 8.85%), and β-caryophyllene (3.78% to 7.64%), respectively. The in vitro DPPH assay showed anti-oxidative (IC50: 7.21 to 9.46 mg/ml) properties of M. leucadendron leaf oils. This essential oils also revealed inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum (IC50: 0.01 mg/ml to 0.11 mg/ml), T. cucumeris (IC50: 0.52 mg/ml to 4.20 mg/ml) and R. oryzae (IC50:1.35 mg/ml to 7.61 mg/ml). The antifungal activity showed M. leucadendron leaf oils were effective against fungi of F. oxysporum and T. cucumeris; but it showed less antifungal activity against R. oryzae. This study indicated that the M. leucadendron leaf oils can be used as antioxidant and sustainable eco-friendly bio fungicides.
Resource Management for Programmable Metasurfaces: Concept, Prospects and Challenges (2023)

Sixth generation (6G) communications are expected to enable to the fusion of the digital world with the physical world, possible unprecedented requirements on the timely and efficient management of communication and computing resources. Programmable metasurfaces (PMs) are a key 6G enabler, which allow programmatic control over the propagation of wireless waves in a space. In this article we treat the problem of unifying existing resource management systems with PMs as communication resources. Specifically, we propose the virtualization of PMs (VPMs), yielding their representation as a cloud resource which can interfaced with existing resource-slicing multi-tenancy systems. We analyze how VPMs enable the dynamic deployment of end-to-end services toward clients in heterogeneous networks, promoting the isolation of performance concerns among different performance objectives. Use cases and open challenges and open questions are highlighted.
Joining of nickel-based superalloys by liquid phase bonding and hot isostatic pressing (1988)

AbstractHybrid designing tends to replace monolithic designing for gas turbine parts in order to improve mechanical properties and to reduce the cost of raw materials by using the right alloy at the right location within the part. However, hybrid design requires the development of new joining processes to achieve hybrid components exhibiting a good joint integrity. This study reports the development of one of these processes. It is a two-stage process based on liquid phase bonding followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). It was applied to the joining of high solidus temperature casting alloys to P/M materials. The study considers Ni-based superalloys for blade application, equiaxed PD21 and CMSX-2 single crystal, and P/M Astroloy, aNi-based superalloy for turbine disc application.Keywords: Hybrid DesignLiquid Phase BondingHot Isostatic PressingGas TurbineComponentsNi-Based SuperalloysAstroloy
[A study of the relationship between the mutation of PIK3CA, PTEN and the occurrence of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: survival analysis]. (2012)

The exon 5 mutation of PTEN of CRC is potentially correlated with the occurrence of synchronous liver metastasis. CRC patients who had the liver metatasis resected but with PIK3CA mutation could have a poorer prognosis.
Targeted radiotherapy of brain tumours (2004)

The utility of external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumours is compromised by the need to avoid excessive radiation damage to normal CNS tissues. This review describes the current status of targeted radiotherapy, an alternative strategy for brain tumour treatment that offers the exciting prospect of increasing the specificity of tumour cell irradiation.
A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus substance, glycyrrhizin sulfate; endowment of glycyrrhizin with reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activity by chemical modification. (1987)

Glycyrrhizin sulfate (GLS) was synthesized and investigated for antiviral effect on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro in comparison with the parental anti-HIV compound glycyrrhizin (GL). In MT-4 cells after HIV infection, the virus-induced cytopathic effect and the expression of viral antigens were inhibited by 0.25 mg/ml (0.184 mM) of GLS. Moreover, GLS completely inhibited HIV-induced plaque formation in MT-4 cells at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (736 microM), the 50% inhibitory dose being 0.055 mg/ml (40 microM). GLS was found to be an efficient inhibitor of reverse transcriptase. The effect of GLS was 4 times stronger than that of GL in molar terms.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential O—H/C—H Bond Insertion of Phenols Initiated by the Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐Bromo‐1,5‐enynes. (2015)

Abstract The unprecedented domino transformation occurs in the presence of a gold catalyst under mild conditions via an aryl alkyl ether intermediate which decomposes at ambient temperature to undergo a 1,2‐hydride shift followed by C—H insertion of the phenol.
Adjustable-Torque Truss-Joint Mechanism (1993)

Threaded pin tightened or loosened; tedious trial-and-error procedure shortened. Mechanism joining strut and node in truss structure preloaded to desired stress to ensure tight, compressive fit preventing motion of strut during loading or vibration. Preload stress on stack of Belleville spring washers adjusted by tightening or loosening threaded Belleville-washer-alignment pin. Pin turned, by use of allen wrench, to adjust compression preload on Belleville washers and adjusts joint-operating torque.
Cooperative Doping in Ultrasmall BaF2 Nanocrystals for Multimodal 19F-MRI and CT Applications (2023)

Nanostructured metal fluorides (nanofluorides) are an emerging type of inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) with unique physiochemical properties for advanced applications. One recent demonstration used water-dispersed ultrasmall CaF2 nanofluorides as imaging agents that combined the advantages of inorganic NCs with the benefit of background-free 19F-magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI). Nevertheless, obtaining small nanofluorides with a face-centered cubic crystal structure, where all fluorides are magnetically equivalent to result in a single 19F NMR signal, is challenging for other types of nanofluorides, preventing their use in 19F-MRI. Here, we show the development of ultrasmall, water-dispersed, barium fluoride (BaF2) NCs for bioimaging applications. By doping BaF2 with two types of lanthanides, diamagnetic-La3+ and paramagnetic-Sm3+, we were able to control the morphology and 19F-MR properties of the final La,Sm:BaF2 (termed LaSamBa) formulation. The fine-tuning of the La3+ content enabled us to obtain monodispersed 4.5 nm NCs, and control over the Sm3+ content provided LaSamBa with very short T1 relaxation properties (ca. 100 ms) needed for enhanced 19F-MRI sensitivity. This type of nanofluorides was examined in two different imaging modalities (i.e., 19F-MRI and CT), benefiting from their single 19F-NMR signal and the high atomic number of barium atoms, respectively. As their 19F chemical shift significantly differs from that of other nanofluorides (e.g., CaF2 and SrF2), LaSamBa expanded the nanofluoride library for future multitarget 19F-MRI studies.
Use of Methotrexate in Psoriasis (1972)

The stimulus to develop guidelines for the use of methotrexate in psoriasis in the summer of 1971 stemmed from the inability to determine the direction the Federal Drug Administration would take regarding the use of this drug. Methotrexate had been in common use in this disease for several years and was generally felt to be a relatively safe medication, documented by many reports in the literature, until isolated reports of hepatic cirrhosis and liver failure appeared. Medico-legal situations soon developed with the potential that large sums might be awarded. It became clear that the situation was getting out of hand at a rapidly accelerating pace. Thus, it was felt that a set of guidelines, possibly approved by an official body of dermatologists, would provide a formal basis for the use of this drug in dermatologic practice. Thus, in July 1971, the Psoriasis Task Force of the National Program of Dermatology
Ex Vivo Removal of IgE in Atopic Asthma by Extracorporeal Plasmoimmunoadsorption (EPIA): Development of a Clinical Adsorbent (1991)

We have developed an immunoadsorbent (IA) for ex vivo removal of IgE after in vitro screening of matrix (Sepharose and tresyl-activated Toyopearl) and ligand (monospecific rabbit polyclonal anti-IgE antiserum and monoclonal antibodies (Abs) or their Fab fragments). Specific adsorptive capacity (SAC) for IgE was maximal in Sepharose-based IA with both types of Abs. Fab-containing IA on Sepharose retained 70-90% of the SAC of native Ab-containing IA. Toyopearl-based IA showed comparable SAC under static conditions but worked unsatisfactorily under continuous flow conditions. To assess the complement-activating capacity (CAC) of IA in vitro anaphylatoxin (C3a, C4a, C5a) generation was applied. CAC was directly related with the amount of immobilized Ab ligand, without depending on Ab specific activity. Fab-containing IA showed more CAC than native Ab-containing IA, and polyclonal IA more than monoclonal IA. Therefore, IA for IgE apheresis were prepared from native monoclonal Abs and CNBr-activated Sepharose CL 4B under aseptic conditions and packed into a glass column. This IA was used in 17 clinical IgE apheresis treatments of five atopic asthma patients. No substantial side effects were observed; in vivo IA effectively removed IgE from plasma (83 to 98%).