gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody-mediated activation of genetically defective Escherichia coli beta-galactosidases by monoclonal antibodies produced by somatic cell hybrids. (1981)

Six hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galoctohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) have been derived from two separate somatic cell fusions. Three of these antibodies can activate defective enzymes produced by strains of E. coli carrying Z-gene point mutations. In antigen excess, one monoclonal antibody shows similar enzyme binding and mutant-activating capacity. Characteristically, the former reaction has a 200-fold higher equilibrium constant. These data provide direct evidence that the enzyme-activation reaction is a single-hit event in which one antibody site favors the correct conformation of one active center of the enzyme. Because each "activating" hybridoma is able to activate several but not all point mutant enzymes tested, it appears that the correction of the genetic defect is produced by binding key sites of the protein three-dimensional structure rather than the sites affected by the mutation.
<title>Spectral infrared transmittance of haze and fog: its measurement and influence on FTIR open-path monitoring</title> (1997)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) open path monitoring OPM is expected to work as a monitoring system for gaseous emissions and imissions within the open atmosphere. As such it is exposed to the dynamics of the atmosphere. Its methods, originating from laboratory spectroscopy, have to be adapted to the conditions of this specific operational area. Among other effects haze and fog influence the radiation transfer of the atmosphere and hence also FTIR- OPM. Model investigations have been performed to investigate the possible influence of haze and fog on common open path monitoring methods. These methods do not account for radiation emitted and scattered by the atmosphere.It is shown that the effects should not be neglected in certain wavelength bands under haze and fog conditions. As a result a new transmittance measurement method has been developed. It allows to completely cancel out the effects of emission and scattering of the transmitting medium. Furthermore it eliminates the influence of the spectrometer's inner radiation on the measured spectra, hence yielding pure transmittance spectra. From these then absorption coefficients can be derived and gas parameters like temperature and concentration. The method has been applied to determine the spectral transmittance of haze and fog and been compared to reference measurements.
Efficacy of ONC201 in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (2018)

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma tumor of adolescence and young adulthood, which harbors a recurrent chromosomal translocation between the Ewing's sarcoma gene (EWSR1) and the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1). Patients usually develop multiple abdominal tumors with liver and lymph node metastasis developing later. Survival is poor using a multimodal therapy that includes chemotherapy, radiation and surgical resection, new therapies are needed for better management of DSRCT. Triggering cell apoptosis is the scientific rationale of many cancer therapies. Here, we characterized for the first time the expression of pro-apoptotic receptors, tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAILR1-4) within an established human DSRCT cell line and clinical samples. The molecular induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis using agonistic small molecule, ONC201 in vitro cell-based proliferation assay and in vivo novel orthotopic xenograft animal models of DSRCT, was able to inhibit cell proliferation that was associated with caspase activation, and tumor growth, indicating that a cell-based delivery of an apoptosis-inducing factor could be relevant therapeutic agent to control DSRCT.
Modeling of RTD-gated GaN HEMTs at Terahertz frequencies using a full-wave simulation toolset coupled with particle-based equations (2014)

Summary from only given. Terahertz devices can be used for a variety of applications, including secure communications, imaging, radar, and radio astronomy. The demand for higher frequency devices has compelled designers to scale device dimensions down to a point where a trial-and-error approach in fabrication can no longer be used. Instead, device optimization via simulations has become vitally important to reduce time and production costs involved. Although many simulation models exist for microwave transistors, modeling them at terahertz frequencies comes with new challenges, as quantum and electromagnetic wave effects that could once be neglected become limiting factors in device performance. This requires the development of more complete toolsets that can describe the inherent electromagnetic nature and associated wave effects. Specifically, modeling of terahertz devices must include full wave electromagnetic modeling along with all relevant semiconductor device physics. In this paper, we propose a model that couples full-wave Maxwell's equations with full-band particle-based Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a Schrodinger-based solver that models quantum effects at the device channel is incorporated. This complete design toolset is used to evaluate power gain for a gallium-nitride (GaN) HEMT with a gate exhibiting negative differential conductance (NDC). The gate is realized using a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structure, resulting in a RTD-gated HEMT. Our validated equivalent circuit of the HEMT is used within the developed toolset to show that a gain of 4 dB and fivefold increase in resonance can be achieved, when an RTD is integrated with a GaN HEMT. Specifically, the designed RTD-gated HEMT operates at 2.25GHz. For validation, a realistic and fully optimized device model will be shown. The details of the design methodology and equation sets employed in our modeling toolset will be described at the conference along with the specifics of the optimized device structures.
Transforming Cooling Optimization for Green Data Center via Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Data center (DC) plays an important role to support services, such as e-commerce and cloud computing. The resulting energy consumption from this growing market has drawn significant attention, and noticeably almost half of the energy cost is used to cool the DC to a particular temperature. It is thus an critical operational challenge to curb the cooling energy cost without sacrificing the thermal safety of a DC. The existing solutions typically follow a two-step approach, in which the system is first modeled based on expert knowledge and, thus, the operational actions are determined with heuristics and/or best practices. These approaches are often hard to generalize and might result in suboptimal performances due to intrinsic model errors for large-scale systems. In this paper, we propose optimizing the DC cooling control via the emerging deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework. Compared to the existing approaches, our solution lends itself an end-to-end cooling control algorithm (CCA) via an off-policy offline version of the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, in which an evaluation network is trained to predict the DC energy cost along with resulting cooling effects, and a policy network is trained to gauge optimized control settings. Moreover, we introduce a de-underestimation (DUE) validation mechanism for the critic network to reduce the potential underestimation of the risk caused by neural approximation. Our proposed algorithm is evaluated on an EnergyPlus simulation platform and on a real data trace collected from the National Super Computing Centre (NSCC) of Singapore. The resulting numerical results show that the proposed CCA can achieve up to 11% cooling cost reduction on the simulation platform compared with a manually configured baseline control algorithm. In the trace-based study of conservative nature, the proposed algorithm can achieve about 15% cooling energy savings on the NSCC data trace. Our pioneering approach can shed new light on the application of DRL to optimize and automate DC operations and management, potentially revolutionizing digital infrastructure management with intelligence.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of α‐Substituted β‐Lactams from D‐Glyceraldehyde Acetonide. (1986)

Abstract Das aus dem Anilin (I) mit D‐Glycerinaldehydacetonid (II) erhaltene Imin (III) liefert mit (IV) und (VI) oder mit (V) die Cycloaddukte (VII), von denen (VIIa) in das cis‐β‐Lactam (VIII) bzw. (VIIa) und (VIIb) unter Ringspaltung in die Lacto‐ ne (IX) umgewandelt werden.
Antitumor effect of cetuximab in combination with S-1 in EGFR-amplified gastric cancer cells (2011)

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been detected in gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with poor outcomes. Combination treatment regimens with EGFR-targeting agents and cytotoxic agents are considered to be a potential therapeutic option for EGFR-overexpressing GC. Herein, we have investigated the effects of combination treatment with the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 and the EGFR-targeting agent cetuximab in GC cells with or without EGFR overexpression. EGFR expression was determined by FACS and quantitative PCR in GC cells. Experimental 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was used instead of S-1 for in vitro experiments. The efficacy of 5FU or cetuximab monotherapy or combination 5FU/cetuximab therapy was examined in vitro and in vivo. Clinical specimens were examined for EGFR by immunohistochemistry (IHC). EGFR expression score was defined as strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining in at least 50-75% of cells. The combination of 5FU and cetuximab synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and exhibited an enhanced proapoptotic effect in GC cells with EGFR overexpression. Cetuximab also induced down-regulation of phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT, leading to diminished signaling. The antitumor effect of the combination of S-1 and cetuximab in vivo was also greater than that of either drug alone. Our preclinical findings thus indicate that the combination of S-1 and EGFR-targeting therapy is a promising treatment option for GC with EGFR overexpression.
Chemistry of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. IV. The Synthesis and Structure of 1,2,3,3,5,5-Hexachloro-4-(dichloromethylene)-cyclopentene (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. IV. The Synthesis and Structure of 1,2,3,3,5,5-Hexachloro-4-(dichloromethylene)-cyclopenteneE. T. McBee, H. E. Ungnade, H. Rakoff, and K. DinbergsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 16, 4379–4380Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01621a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01621a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EFFECTS OF HAFNIUM ADDITIONS ON PROPERTIES OF VANADIUM (1961)

The effects of sdding from 1 to 50 atomic percent hafnium to vanadium were investigated. Properties studied included as-cast and annealed hardness, microstructure, fabricability at room temperature and elevated temperature, tensile strength, electrical resistivity, and oxidation resistance at 625 and 800 deg C. Additions of small amounts of hafnium resulted in lessened as-cast hardness, decreased electrical resistivity, impaired rollability, increased oxidation resistance, and greater tensile strength. Larger amount of hafnium caused greater as-cast hardness, increased electrical resistivity, further impaired rollability, continued increase in oxidation resistance, and lessened tensile strength. (auth)
Quorum sensing and the LysR‐type transcriptional activator ToxR regulate toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport in Burkholderia glumae (2004)

Burkholderia glumae BGR1 produces a broad-host range phytotoxin, called toxoflavin, which is a key pathogenicity factor in rice grain rot and wilt in many field crops. Our molecular and genetic analyses of toxoflavin-deficient mutants demonstrated that gene clusters for toxoflavin production consist of four transcriptional units. The toxoflavin biosynthesis genes were composed of five genes, toxA to toxE, as Suzuki et al. (2004) reported previously. Genes toxF to toxI, which are responsible for toxoflavin transport, were polycistronic and similar to the genes for resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux systems. Using Tn3-gusA reporter fusions, we found that ToxR, a LysR-type regulator, regulates both the toxABCDE and toxFGHI operons in the presence of toxoflavin as a coinducer. In addition, the expression of both operons required a transcriptional activator, ToxJ, whose expression is regulated by quorum sensing. TofI, a LuxI homologue, was responsible for the biosynthesis of both N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone and N-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-HSL). C8-HSL and its cognate receptor TofR, a LuxR homologue, activated toxJ expression. This is the first report that quorum sensing is involved in pathogenicity by the regulation of phytotoxin biosynthesis and its transport in plant pathogenic bacteria.
Targeting the PI3K Pathway for Cancer Therapy (2012)

The PI3K pathway plays an important role in key cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in different pathway components lead to aberrant pathway activation and have been observed in high frequencies in various tumor types. Consequently, significant effort has been made to develop antineoplastic agents targeting different nodes in this pathway. Additionally, PI3K pathway status may have predictive and prognostic implications, and may contribute to drug resistance in tumor cells. This article provides an overview of our current knowledge of the PI3K pathway with an emphasis on its application in cancer treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HEXAFLUOROPROPENE OXIDE WITH ALKYL LITHIUM REAGENTS (1976)

Abstract Per= fluorpropenoxid (I) reagiert mit den Alkyllithiumverbindungen (II) bei Verwendung von Diäthyläther als Lösungsmittelzu′ den Carbinolen (III).
Short Communication Ethanol Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the MIN Mouse 1 (2002)

Epidemiological studies suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer; however, these data are confounded by numerous cosegregating variables. Previous experimental reports with the rodent carcinogen model have also yielded discordant results. To clarify the alcohol-colon cancer relationship, we used the MIN (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mouse, a genetic model of intestinal tumorigenesis. Twenty-four MIN mice were randomized to ethanol supplementation in the drinking water (15% alternating with 20% on a daily basis) or control. Mice were sacrificed after 10 weeks, and the intestinal tumors were scored under magnification. Tissue sections were assessed for apoptosis and cell proliferation rates, along with the presence of the malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adduct, a mutagenic adduct associated with ethanol consumption. Ethanol supplementation resulted in a significant increase in tumor number (135 35%; P 0.027 versus control). The induction of tumorigenesis by ethanol was most dramatic in the distal small bowel (167 56%; P 0.01). In the uninvolved intestinal mucosa, there was no difference in proliferative or apoptotic indices. Cytoplasmic and nuclear MAA adducts were detected in both ethanol-treated and control mice. We demonstrated that ethanol ingestion increased intestinal tumorigenesis in the MIN mouse model. Furthermore, whereas mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, our data implicate formation of MAA adducts. This report provides further support that ethanol consumption is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Nanoscale spectroscopic imaging with photo-induced force microscopy (2015)

Photo-induced force microscopy produces images with spectroscopic contrast at nanometer scale resolution. In this presentation, the basic principles of the photo-induced force microscope are described and application examples of this technique are highlighted.
Cooperative multi-radio localization in heterogeneous wireless networks (2010)

Recent advances in mobile devices and ubiquity of wireless infrastructures create the opportunity to utilize heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) for localization. To efficiently exploit the spatial correlation embedded in the measurements from HWNs, we proposed two algorithms via a cooperative approach, called Direct Multi-Radio Fusion and Cooperative Eigen- Radio Positioning. The former discovers the spatial correlation after the information of measurements is reorganized to minimize the redundancy. The latter takes a further step to incorporate the spatial discrimination to estimate the location. We have implemented our algorithms for different wireless technologies involving the cellular GSM, DVB, FM and WLAN in realistic outdoor/indoor environments. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces 44.19-48.88% of the mean error, as compared to the conventional approaches.
Autonomous vehicle using WADGPS (2002)

Global Positioning System (GPS) is not accurate enough for ground vehicle automation. Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS) offers a robust system that readily deals with selective availability (SA) errors, ephemeris errors and satellite clock errors. An error level of decimeter/centimeter is guaranteed, which satisfies the ground vehicle control algorithm. This paper deals with a highly responsive digital computer control system algorithm for automatic vehicles. These algorithms are tested using a 6-d.o.f. simulation. The simulation includes autonomous vehicle embedded software (AVES) and vehicle environment model (VEM). The AVES includes guidance, navigation, Kalman Filter and mission handling algorithms, whereas the VEM includes the GPS and the physical models. Human intervention is eliminated by implementing reliable sensors and actuators. The concept of WADGPS is incorporated, making the overall performance congestion- and collision-free and cost-effective. The models for GPS aiding sensors are also included. A commuter simply feeds his/her destination into a dash-board computer. Highly sensitive actuators simulate human driver, and direct the vehicle on to the road. Its transmitter broadcasts its position and velocity to other immediate participants for collision avoidance and lane-changing.
Two HIV-1 Variants Resistant to Small Molecule CCR5 Inhibitors Differ in How They Use CCR5 for Entry (2009)

HIV-1 variants resistant to small molecule CCR5 inhibitors recognize the inhibitor-CCR5 complex, while also interacting with free CCR5. The most common genetic route to resistance involves sequence changes in the gp120 V3 region, a pathway followed when the primary isolate CC1/85 was cultured with the AD101 inhibitor in vitro, creating the CC101.19 resistant variant. However, the D1/86.16 escape mutant contains no V3 changes but has three substitutions in the gp41 fusion peptide. By using CCR5 point-mutants and gp120-targeting agents, we have investigated how infectious clonal viruses derived from the parental and both resistant isolates interact with CCR5. We conclude that the V3 sequence changes in CC101.19 cl.7 create a virus with an increased dependency on interactions with the CCR5 N-terminus. Elements of the CCR5 binding site associated with the V3 region and the CD4-induced (CD4i) epitope cluster in the gp120 bridging sheet are more exposed on the native Env complex of CC101.19 cl.7, which is sensitive to neutralization via these epitopes. However, D1/86.16 cl.23 does not have an increased dependency on the CCR5 N-terminus, and its CCR5 binding site has not become more exposed. How this virus interacts with the inhibitor-CCR5 complex remains to be understood.
Magnetically Defined Qubits on 3D Topological Insulators (2013)

We explore potentials that break time-reversal symmetry to confine the surface states of 3D topological insulators into quantum wires and quantum dots. A magnetic domain wall on a ferromagnet insulator cap layer provides interfacial states predicted to show the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). Here we show that confinement can also occur at magnetic domain heterostructures, with states extended in the inner domain, as well as interfacial QAHE states at the surrounding domain walls. The proposed geometry allows the isolation of the wire and dot from spurious circumventing surface states. For the quantum dots we find that highly spin-polarized quantized QAHE states at the dot edge constitute a promising candidate for quantum computing qubits.
Identification of a Large Novel Imprinted Gene Cluster on Mouse Proximal Chromosome 6 (2003)

Mice with maternal duplication of proximal chromosome 6 die in utero at an early embryonic stage. Recently, two imprinted genes, paternally expressed Sgce and maternally expressed Asb4, were identified in this region. This report analyzes the imprinting status of genes within a 1-Mb region containing these two genes. Peg10, which is next to Sgce, shows complete paternal expression, like Sgce. Conversely, Neurabin, Pon2, and Pon3 show preferential maternal expression at embryonic stages, although they all show biallelic expression in neonatal tissues. These results demonstrate that there is a large novel imprinted gene cluster in this region. 5'-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) analysis of Peg10 revealed the existence of a novel first exon separate from the second exon, which encoded two putative ORFs similar to the viral Gag and Pol proteins. A differentially methylated region established in sperm and eggs is located just within the region containing the two first exons of Peg10 and Sgce, and may play an important role in regulating the two paternally expressed genes: Peg10 and Sgce.
Quaternized Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers as Novel pH-Sensitive Controlled-Release Systems (1999)

Quaternized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been prepared and investigated for their ability to function as pH-responsive controlled-release systems. These functionalized dendrimers are able to solubilize pyrene due to charge transfer complexation between the probe and the tertiary amino groups of the dendrimeric branches. The introduction of the quaternary ammonium groups at the external surface of the dendrimers affects the protonation titration profile as compared to the parent compounds leading to the release of the entrapped pyrene within a narrow pH region and basically when the intermediate nitrogens are protonated. These properties render these materials promising candidates for pH-responsive controlled-release systems possibly including prospected drug delivery applications.
Nondestructive multiple breakdown events in very thin SiO2 films (1989)

Several breakdown events and multilevel current fluctuations have been observed when ultrathin SiO2 films are subjected to constant-voltage stresses. These breakdown events are sometimes reversible, and consist in a local change of conduction mechanism. This reversibility shows that no catastrophic thermal effects occur, and that the breakdown is only a local switching between two oxide conduction states of very different conductivities.