gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic characteristics of Ag/ZnO back-reflectors for thin film Si photovoltaics (2008)

Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) and ex-situ normal incidence reflectance and scattering spectroscopies have been applied to analyze the plasmonic characteristics of Ag/ZnO back-reflector (BR) structures used in triple junction thin film Si:H photovoltaics. The structure explored here is relevant to the substrate/BR/(n-i-p)**3 configuration and consists of opaque Ag followed by up to ∼ 3500 Å of ZnO, both films prepared by sputtering onto Si wafers. The use of Si wafer substrates and RTSE enables controllability of the Ag final roughness layer thickness from ∼ 4 to 105 Å, i.e., from microscopic (specular) to macroscopic (low texture), in order to investigate its role in Ag/ZnO interface formation and its effect on the interface plasmonic characteristics. The analysis in ex situ measurement modes has also been extended to the optimized BR structure (with full texture). For each BR, the dielectric functions ɛ = ɛ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> + iɛ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> of all layers have been determined, including the Ag/ZnO interface layer, and the latter has been fit using a model that includes localized plasmon resonances arising from free electron oscillations within Ag interface protrusions. These resonances shift to lower energy with increasing ZnO/Ag interface thickness due to dipolar interactions, and can account for both re-radiation and dissipation in fully textured BR structures. The operative mechanism of these optimized back-reflectors for triple junction a-Si:H-based solar cells is interference-enhanced localized plasmon coupling -- and subsequent re-radiation -- in the range of 1.4–1.5 eV. In fact, this mechanism appears to be up to ∼ 80% efficient in optimized BRs. Coupling efficiency to surface plasmons is limited to ≪ 15% for 1.4–1.5 eV due to dominant protrusions in fully textured BRs.
Adaptive mission plan diagnosis and repair for fault recovery in autonomous underwater vehicles (2008)

This paper proposes a novel approach for autonomous mission diagnosis and repair for maintaining operability of unmanned underwater vehicles. It combines the benefits of knowledge-based ontology representation, autonomous partial ordering plan repair and robust mission execution. The approach uses the potential of ontology reasoning in order to orient the planning algorithms adapting the mission plan of the vehicle. It can handle uncertainty and action scheduling in order to maximize mission efficiency and minimise mission failures due to external or unexpected factors. Its performance is presented in a set of simulated scenarios. The paper concludes by showing the results of a trial demonstration. Observations of different environmental and internal parameters are simulated in a REMUS 100 AUV while performing a mission. These trigger a knowledge exchange between the diagnosis monitor agent and the adaptive mission planner embedded agent. Based on the observed data and the original knowledge, the experiment shows how the adaptive planner system is able to identify the gaps in the mission and adapt the platform's mission plan accordingly.
Silylene and Germylene Intermediates in the Reactions of Silole and Germole Dianions with N,N′‐Di‐tert‐butylethylenediimine (2008)

Abstract Spiro‐diazasilole (germole) adducts were observed in reactions of dilithium salts of silole and germole dianions with N , N ′‐di‐ tert ‐butylethylenediimine in THF at room temperature. A proposed mechanism of the reaction includes metallation of N , N ′‐di‐ tert ‐butylethylenediimine and the formation of an intermediate silylene or germylene. This reaction mechanism was supported by experimental data and theoretical calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Accuracy of Emergency Medical Dispatcher-Assisted Layperson-Caller Pulse Check Using the Medical Priority Dispatch System Protocol (2012)

Layperson-callers, when provided with expert, scripted instructions by a trained 911 dispatcher over the phone, can accurately determine the pulse rate of a conscious and healthy person. Improvements to the 911 instructions may further increase layperson accuracy.
A new method of repair for quadriceps tendon ruptures. A case report. (2000)

Rupture of the quadriceps tendon is an uncommon injury observed predominantly in subjects over 40 years old. Multiple surgical techniques have been employed to repair fresh and neglected ruptures; methods that make use of allograft and augmentation with tissues harvested from around the knee have been reported. We describe a case of surgical repair of a tendon-bone junction rupture in a 64-year-old patient by use of suture anchors to attach the tendon to bone and improve fixation of the soft tissue elements. Clinical diagnosis of rupture was confirmed radiographically and echographically. Surgical repair was performed within 24 hours of injury. Active movement of the knee started after 3 weeks and the patient was permitted to walk without weight-bearing with a knee cage. Three weeks later, he was permitted to walk with full weight-bearing unassisted by crutches; the knee cage was removed 6 weeks after surgery. At his most recent follow-up 24 months postoperative, quadriceps strength was equal to that of the controlateral knee and the patient has returned to sports and daily activities. The surgical method presented here provides a suture of the tendon ends without putting excess stress on the suture line during the period of early knee mobilization. Advantages over other techniques include reduced operative time, easy access to the implantation site, and better resistance of the suture material: the patient is thus able to initiate physical therapy earlier and more aggressively.
Effect of blood haemoglobin concentration on Vo2,max and cardiovascular function in lowlanders acclimatised to 5260 m (2002)

The principal aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of blood haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) on maximal exercise capacity and maximal O(2) consumption (V(O(2),max)) in healthy subjects acclimatised to high altitude. Secondarily, we examined the effects of [Hb] on the regulation of cardiac output (CO), blood pressure and muscular blood flow (LBF) during exercise. Eight Danish lowlanders (three females and five males; 24 +/- 0.6 years, mean +/- S.E.M.) performed submaximal and maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer after 9 weeks at an altitude of 5260 m (Mt Chacaltaya, Bolivia). This was done first with the high [Hb] resulting from acclimatisation and again 2-4 days later, 1 h after isovolaemic haemodilution with Dextran 70 to near sea level [Hb]. After measurements at maximal exercise while breathing air at each [Hb], subjects were switched to hyperoxia (55 % O(2) in N(2)) and the measurements were repeated, increasing the work rate as tolerated. Hyperoxia increased maximal power output and leg V(O(2),max), showing that breathing ambient air at 5260 m, V(O(2),max) is limited by the availability of O(2) rather than by muscular oxidative capacity. Altitude increased [Hb] by 36 % from 136 +/- 5 to 185 +/- 5 g l(-1) (P < 0.001), while haemodilution (replacing 1 l of blood with 1 l of 6 % Dextran) lowered [Hb] by 24 % to 142 +/- 6 g l(-1) (P < 0.001). Haemodilution had no effect on maximal pulmonary or leg V(O(2),max), or power output. Despite higher LBF, leg O(2) delivery was reduced and maximal V(O(2)) was thus maintained by higher O(2) extraction. While CO increased linearly with work rate irrespective of [Hb] or inspired oxygen fraction (F(I,O(2))), both LBF and leg vascular conductance were systematically higher when [Hb] was low. Close and significant relationships were seen between LBF (and CO) and both plasma noradrenaline and K(+) concentrations, independently of [Hb] and F(I,O(2)). In summary, under conditions where O(2) supply limits maximal exercise, the increase in [Hb] with altitude acclimatisation does not improve maximal exercise capacity or V(O(2),max), and does not alter peak CO. However, LBF and vascular conductance are higher at altitude when [Hb] is lowered to sea level values, with both relating closely to catecholamine and potassium concentrations. This suggests that the lack of effect of [Hb] on V(O(2),max) may involve reciprocal changes in LBF via local metabolic control of the muscle vasculature.
Spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography with a delay-locked loop (1997)

A delay-locked loop is used in a one-dimensional demonstration of the global-fiducial-grid mode of spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography. A pattern-placement precision of σ∼5 nm is demonstrated under nonideal conditions. Results compare well with numerical simulations.
A Review on Methods for Random Motion Detection and Compensation in Bio-Radar Systems (2019)

The bio-radar system can measure vital signals accurately, by using the Doppler effect principle, which relates the received signal properties to the distance change between the radar antennas and the subject chest-wall. These systems have countless applications, from short range detection to assist in rescue missions, to long-term applications as for the continuous sleeping monitoring. Once the main applications of these systems intend to monitor subjects during long periods of time and under noisy environments, it is impossible to guarantee the patient immobilization, hence its random motion, as well as other clutter sources, will interfere in the acquired signals. Therefore, the signal processing algorithms developed for these applications have been facing several challenges regarding the random motion detection and mitigation. In this paper, an extended review on the already implemented methods is done, considering continuous wave radars. Several sources of random motion are considered, along with different approaches to compensate the distortions caused by them.
Interferons — Expanding Therapeutic Roles (1992)

Just over a decade ago, interferon alfa-2 produced by recombinant-DNA technology was introduced into clinical trials. An American Cancer Society initiative, which had confirmed the antitumor activity of leukocyte interferon laboriously produced from units of donated blood, and the subsequent venture-capital investment by the infant biotechnology industry generated substantial interest among physicians and in the lay press. The degree of media attention led to expectations among the public, investors, and the medical community that this family of human proteins with broad antiviral activity and modulatory effects on pleiotropic cells might be wonder drugs like penicillin. When initial clinical trials of . . .
Adaptive Vibration Control System by Variable-Damping Dynamic Damper using ER Fluid. (1999)

This paper describes a variable-damping dynamic damper applying Electrorheological (ER) fluid to the damping element of a conventional-type dynamic damper. A prototype of variable-damping dynamic damper was constructed and its performance was verified with a three-story structural model. The special ability of the present dynamic damper is to reduce the vibration amplitude at several frequencies by a single dynamic damper. ER fluid is functional fluid whose yield shear stress can be changed by the applied electric field strength. Because of its peculiar property, ER fluid has been applied to various mechanical components such as shock absorbers and engine mounts for vehicles, clutches, valves, etc. One of the practical ways in applying ER fluid to mechanical components may be to expand the performance of conventional mechanical components by combining ER fluid effectively with them. In this sense, this paper shows a successful application of ER fluid to a conventional-type dynamic absorber. An adaptive neural network control system composed of a forward model network for system identification and a controller network was introduced to control the variable-damping element of the dynamic damper. The numerical simulations show good agreements with the experimental results.
Synthesis, Structure, and Molecular Orbital Calculations of Chromium(III) and Iron(III) Complexes Containingη2-Pyrazolato Ligands (2002)

η2 coordination of pyrazolato ligands is currently unknown for d-block metal complexes with d2 or higher electronic configurations, and all known Group 6–11 metal–pyrazolato complexes contain η1, μ:η1,η1, or η5 ligands. Tris(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato)chromium(III) and tris(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato)iron(III) (see picture), which contain η2-pyrazolato ligands, have been synthesized, and molecular-orbital calculations indicate that η2-pyrazolato coordination is less stable than η1 coordination in a model iron(III) complex.
Aromatic Nitro-group Displacement Reactions. Part 6.1 Structure of the Compound Formed by the Action of Morpholine on 2,2′,4,4′-Tetranitrobenzophenone (1998)

J. H. Gorvin and R. N. Sheppard, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1998, 812 DOI: 10.1039/A806468G
Sensing using Coded Communications Signals (2022)

A key challenge for a common waveform for Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) - widely seen as an attractive proposition to achieve high performance for both functionalities, while efficiently utilizing available resources -- lies in leveraging information-bearing channel-coded communications signals (c.c.s) for sensing. In this paper, we investigate the sensing performance of c.c.s in (multi-user) interference-limited operation, and show that it is limited by sidelobes in the range-Doppler map, whose form depends on whether the c.c.s modulates a single-carrier or OFDM waveform. While uncoded communications signals -- comprising a block of $N$ i.i.d zero-mean symbols -- give rise to asymptotically (i.e., as $N \rightarrow \infty$) zero sidelobes due to the law of large numbers, it is not obvious that the same holds for c.c.s, as structured channel coding schemes (e.g., linear block codes) induce dependence across codeword symbols. In this paper, we show that c.c.s also give rise to asymptotically zero sidelobes -- for both single-carrier and OFDM waveforms -- by deriving upper bounds for the tail probabilities of the sidelobe magnitudes that decay as $\exp( - O($code rate $\times$ block length$))$. This implies that for any code rate, c.c.s are effective sensing signals that are robust to multi-user interference at sufficiently large block lengths, with negligible difference in performance based on whether they modulate a single-carrier or OFDM waveform. We verify the latter implication through simulations, where we observe the sensing performance (characterized by the detection and false-alarm probabilities) of a QPSK-modulated c.c.s (code rate = 120/1024, block length = 1024 symbols) to match that of a comparable interference-free FMCW waveform even at high interference levels (signal-to-interference ratio of -11dB), for both single-carrier and OFDM waveforms.
Hybrid earliest deadline first/preemption threshold scheduling for real-time systems (2005)

As embedded systems are getting increasingly complex, preemption overheads become a serious load problem for many microchip-based application specific systems, and sometimes may even jeopardize the system schedulability. This paper presents a dynamic preemption threshold scheduling (DPT) that integrates the preemption threshold scheduling into the earliest deadline first The DPT scheduling can effectively reduce context switching by threads assignment and changing the task dynamic preemption threshold at runtime. Meanwhile, because the algorithm is based on dynamic scheduling, it can achieve higher processor utilization with relatively low costs in preemption switching and memory requirements. The DPT scheduling can also perfectly schedule a mixed task set with preemptive and non-preemptive tasks, and subsumes both as special cases.
Hepatitis B Vaccination of Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending an Urban STD Clinic: Impact of an Ongoing Vaccination Program, 1998–2003 (2007)

Hepatitis B vaccination can be integrated into STD clinic services with reasonable levels of vaccine acceptance and series completion. The increase in vaccination coverage over time indicates that a sustained hepatitis B immunization program can achieve acceptable vaccine coverage in high-risk populations.
V. Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis (1999)

Opening of a high-conductance pore conducting solutes of molecular mass <1,500 Da causes onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Cyclosporin A blocks this pore and prevents acute necrotic cell death in several models. Confocal microscopy directly visualizes onset of the MPT during acute cytotoxicity from the movement of the green-fluorescing fluorophore, calcein, into the mitochondria from the cytosol. The MPT also plays a causative role in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Progression to apoptosis or necrosis after the MPT may depend on the presence or absence, respectively, of ATP. Often, features of both apoptotic and necrotic cell death develop after death signals and toxic stresses. The term "necrapoptosis" is introduced to emphasize the shared pathways leading to both forms of cell death.
Dihydropyrimidinase protects from DNA replication stress caused by cytotoxic metabolites. (2018)

Imbalance in the level of the pyrimidine degradation products dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine is associated with cellular transformation and cancer progression. Dihydropyrimidines are degraded by dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), a zinc metalloenzyme that is upregulated in solid tumors but not in the corresponding normal tissues. How dihydropyrimidine metabolites affect cellular phenotypes remains elusive. Here we show that the suppression of DHP in cancer cell lines is cytotoxic. An increase in the level of dihydropyrimidines induced DNA replication and transcriptional stress. Cells lacking DHP accumulated DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), including covalently trapped DNA polymerase eta. Furthermore, we show that the plant flavonoid dihydromyricetin inhibits human DHP activity. Cellular exposure to dihydromyricetin triggered DPCs-dependent DNA replication stress in cancer cells. This study defines dihydropyrimidines as potentially cytotoxic metabolites that may offer an opportunity for therapeutic-targeting of DHP activity in solid tumors.
Serum but Not Plasma Produces Injury in the Perfused Rabbit Lung (1994)

Serum contains proteins that may produce lung injury directly by affecting endothelial cells and indirectly by modulating the effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). We studied the effects of 10% serum, 10% plasma, and 10% plasma plus 2 micrograms/mL lipopolysaccharide on pulmonary hypertension and vascular permeability in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. Control lungs perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 3% albumin for 2 h had stable pulmonary vascular pressures and permeability (measured by the capillary filtration coefficient). Serum produced pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. In contrast, plasma, with and without lipopolysaccharide, did not alter pulmonary vascular pressures or permeability. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin prior to the addition of serum prevented the serum-induced increase in pulmonary vascular pressures and permeability. We conclude that the deleterious effects of serum are not due to plasma proteins per se, but instead are related to activation of the coagulation cascade during preparation of the serum. The deleterious effects of serum appear to be mediated by cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Finally, endotoxin, even with the addition of plasma, does not directly produce lung injury.
An Evaluation of Different I/O Techniques for Checkpoint/Restart (2013)

Today's High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters consist of hundreds of thousands of CPUs, memory units, complex networks, and other components. Such an extreme level of hardware parallelism reduces the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the overall cluster. The future of HPC urgently demands to develop environments that facilitate programs to run successfully even in the presence of failures. Checkpoint/Restart (C/R) is one of the most common techniques to provide fault tolerance. C/R is relatively easy to implement, but typically it introduces significant overhead in the runtime of the application. In this paper, a check pointing technique is presented that significantly reduces the checkpoint overhead and is highly scalable. This is achieved by overlapping the I/O for writing the checkpoint with the computation of the application. For this asynchronous check pointing technique, a theoretical model is developed to estimate the checkpoint overhead. An implementation of this technique is then benchmarked and compared with other check pointing strategies. We show our approach to have marginal overhead as opposite to standard synchronous check pointing for typical application scenarios. A comparison with the node-level check pointing technique by using Scalable Checkpoint/Restart (SCR) library is also presented.
Experimental engineering for electric drive production planning (2017)

Electric drive production planning for electric mobility traction applications is characterized by an extensive information demand due to a complex production sequence with a broad differentiated technology portfolio, steady disruption as well as low experience of new players such as automotive OEM and startup businesses in the respective field. Taking into account the intense competitiveness regarding sales and therefore production prices, shortening time to market and a broad technological diffusion of product technologies and components, efficiency in product development processes and consecutively production planning processes gains a major focus for innovating and disrupting companies. Due to a high level of maturity in early development stages, prototyping for mechatronic systems and especially electric drives offers an extensive but mostly unexploited source to gather information along these hardware processes that enables or supports production planning processes and increases their efficiency. Due to high costs for hardware experiments, a fixed location within development phase process models and missing theoretical and practical examination of this field, potentials are not exploited comprehensively. This paper presents an approach to abolish the aforementioned technical and organizational barriers and shows how a structured information planning process as well as flexible prototyping phases within product development regarding schedule and content can enable efficiency increase within innovation processes.