gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preweld Joint Tracking System For Weld Path Teaching (1990)

Precision welding of aircraft engine assemblies requires accurate tracking of the weld joint under conditions of positional uncertainty. Real-time laser based joint tracking systems are becoming available but currently cost, accuracy, field-of-view, and applicability to specific joint types, weld processes and robot controllers limit their use. When tracking prior to welding is a feasible alternative to real-time tracking, these issues can be addressed. The software and hardware for such a system is described. The system can track weld joints in two dimensions and offset weld path programs to compensate for assembly and/or fixturing errors. The technique is applicable to both plasma arc welding (PAW) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding as the sensor is mounted ahead of the weld torch. The weld path tracking software refines a coarsely taught weld path. To enhance tracking accuracy, reliability and speed, the joint tracking algorithm searches for the joint along a line. Search direction is calculated as the normal to the coarse path trajectory. Search direction is accomplished by rotating a window of the image. A prototype system has been implemented. The system consists of a welding robot, a custom vision system, a CCD camera and fiber optic incandescent lighting. The system has been used to successfully weld production assemblies.
Frequency pre-estimation aided carrier recovery algorithm for high-speed M-PSK communication (2008)

A novel non-data-aided carrier recovery algorithm combined with large frequency offset pre-estimation for high-speed M-PSK communication is presented, which can counteract the large carrier frequency offsets at fast speed and have less phase-jitter in phase locked state. The proposed two-step solution consists of a novel frequency offset pre-estimator to specify carrier frequency location blindly and acquire coarse large carrier frequency offset rapidly. A decision-directed carrier recovery loop with variable loop bandwidth is used for fine phase tracking. Compared to previous works, a remarkable improvement is achieved in terms of acquisition speed, while keeping a very low residual phase jitter. Because of those considerable merits, the scheme is quite suitable for designing high performance communication system.
Size-Dependent Dielectric Properties of Liquid Water Clusters (2002)

A large absorption peak has been observed in the far infrared spectrum of water confined within inverse micelles of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) in heptane. The amplitude and spectral position of this peak depend on the size of the water pool. The proposed origin of these spectral features lies in surface oscillations of the water pool. The presence of a large excess in the vibrational density of states of confined water could have far-ranging implications in many biochemical and chemical processes where confined water is present.
Mosquito-borne viruses in western Europe: a review. (1999)

Several mosquito-borne arboviruses belonging to the genera Alphavirus, Flavivirus, and Bunyavirus have been reported to occur in mosquitoes and to infect humans and other vertebrates in western Europe. These zoonotic viruses circulate in nature either in an Aedes-mammal, Anopheles-mammal, or Culex-bird transmission cycle. Infected humans normally do not contribute to the virus circulation. West Nile virus (Flavivirus) caused an outbreak of fever, malaise, pain in eyes and muscles, and headache and encephalitis in southern France during 1962-1965, and an outbreak of encephalitis with a high case-fatality rate in Romania during 1996. West Nile virus has been isolated from birds, horses, and mosquitoes in Portugal, France, the former Czechoslovakia, and Romania. These data, together with reports of antibodies to West Nile virus in birds, domestic mammals, and humans in several other countries, show virus activity in southern and central Europe. Sindbis virus (Alphavirus) caused outbreaks of fever, rash, and arthralgia in northern Europe during 1981-1982, 1988, and 1995. Two California group viruses (Bunyavirus), Tahyna virus and Inkoo virus, have been identified in western Europe. Tahyna virus causes fever and respiratory symptoms and sometimes also central nervous system involvement. It occurs in most countries of central and southern Europe, and is most common in central Europe. Inkoo virus has not been associated with disease in humans in western Europe although Russian studies indicated that it can cause encephalitis. Inkoo virus occurs in northern Europe, especially in the far north. Batai virus of the Bunyamwera-group (Bunyavirus) occurs in southern, central, and northern Europe, most frequently in central Europe. The antibody prevalence in humans generally is very low, indicating that the potential of this virus as a human pathogen is probably low in Europe. The Lednice virus (Bunyavirus) has been reported only from the former Czechoslovakia and Romania, and apparently is not transmitted to humans. In addition to the six mosquito-borne viruses documented in western Europe, there is serological evidence of infection with a Semliki Forest complex virus (Alphavirus) in central and southern Europe. Although mosquito-borne viruses presently are not considered to be the cause of major health problems in western Europe, the morbidity caused by Sindbis virus, and the morbidity and mortality caused by West Nile virus, merit further studies on the ecology, epidemiology, and medical importance of these viruses. The California group of viruses and a virus of the Semliki Forest complex may be the cause of unrecognized health problems in western Europe. Specific sampling of potential vectors for virus isolation, detailed characterization of virus strains, and the use of fully characterized strains for serological diagnosis will help to elucidate the present and future potential of mosquito-borne viruses as human pathogens in Europe.
GluA1 trafficking and metabotropic NMDA: addressing results from other laboratories inconsistent with ours (2013)

We have previously shown that when over-expressed in neurons, green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged GluA1 (GluA1-GFP) delivery into synapses is dependent on plasticity. A recent study suggests that GluA1 over-expression leads to its incorporation into the synapse, in the absence of additional long-term potentiation-like manipulations. It is possible that a GFP tag was responsible for the difference. Using rectification index as a measure of synaptic delivery of GluA1, we found no difference in the synaptic delivery of GluA1-GFP versus untagged GluA1. We recently published a study showing that while D-APV blocks NMDAr-dependent long-term depression (LTD), MK-801 and 7-chloro kynurenate (7CK) fail to block LTD. We propose a metabotropic function for the NMDA receptor in LTD induction. In contrast to our observations, recent unpublished data suggest that the above antagonists are equally effective in blocking LTD. We noticed different methodology in their study. Here, we show that their methodology has complex effects on synaptic transmission. Therefore, it is not possible to conclude that 7CK is effective in blocking LTD from their type of experiment.
Patient Training for Functional Use of Pattern Recognition–Controlled Prostheses (2012)

Pattern recognition control systems have the potential to provide better, more reliable myoelectric prosthesis control for individuals with an upper-limb amputation. However, proper patient training is essential. We begin user training by teaching the concepts of pattern recognition control and progress to teaching how to control, use, and maintain prostheses with one or many degrees of freedom. Here we describe the training stages, with relevant case studies, and highlight several tools that can be used throughout the training process, including prosthesis-guided training (PGT)-a self-initiated, simple method of recalibrating a pattern recognition-controlled prosthesis. PGT may lengthen functional use times, potentially increasing prosthesis wear time. Using this training approach, we anticipate advancing pattern recognition control from the laboratory to the home environment and finally realizing the full potential of these control systems.
Financial disclosures of authors involved in spine research: an underestimated source of bias (2011)

Reporting a financial disclosure is a potential source of bias. Authors with disclosed financial relationships less often publish articles with a neutral/negative conclusion. This source of bias should certainly be taken into account during the critical appraisal of articles, particularly when the quality of the literature is being assessed.
Protective immune responses in guinea pigs and swine induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine of the capsid gene of swine vesicular disease virus (2007)

A suicidal DNA vaccine based on a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon was evaluated for the development of a vaccine against swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV). The 1BCD gene of SVDV was cloned and inserted into pSCA1, an SFV DNA-based replicon vector. The resultant plasmid, pSCA/1BCD, was transfected into BHK-21 cells and the antigenicity of the expressed protein was confirmed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Immunogenicity was studied in guinea pigs and swine. Animals were injected intramuscularly three times with pSCA/1BCD at regular intervals. Anti-SVDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, the lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide method and neutralizing antibodies were measured by microneutralization tests. The data showed that SVDV-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were induced in both guinea pigs and swine. Furthermore, after three successive vaccinations with pSCA/1BCD, half of the pigs were protected against challenge with SVDV. These results should encourage further work towards the development of a DNA vaccine against SVDV.
Large tunnel magnetoresistance at room temperature with a Co2FeAl full-Heusler alloy electrode (2005)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a Co2FeAl Heusler alloy electrode are fabricated by the deposition of the film using an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system followed by photolithography and Ar ion etching. A tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of 47% at room temperature (RT) are obtained in a stack of Co2FeAl∕Al–Ox∕Co75Fe25 magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) fabricated on a thermally oxidized Si substrate despite the A2 type atomic site disorder for Co2FeAl. There is no increase of TMR in MTJs with the B2 type Co2FeAl, which is prepared by the deposition on a heated substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles in Co2FeAl single layer films reveal that Al atoms in Co2FeAl are oxidized preferentially at the surfaces. On the other hand, at the interfaces in Co2FeAl∕Al–Ox∕Co75Fe25 MTJs, the ferromagnetic layers are hardly oxidized during plasma oxidation for a formation of Al oxide barriers.
Further Studies on the Development of Gamonts and Oocysts of Eimeria magna in Cultured Cells (1979)

Monolayer, cell-line cultures of embryonic bovine trachea, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), and monolayers (RK-1) or aggregates of primary rabbit kidney cells were inoculated with merozoites obtained from rabbits that had been inoculated 3 to 5 1/2 days earlier with Eimeria magna. Merozoites obtained from from rabbits 3 days entered cells and underwent only merogony, whereas 3 1/2-5 1/2-day-old merozoites formed gamonts as well as meronts. Merozoites arising from the first or second meront generation in culture formed another meront generation or gamonts. Third-generation merozoites formed only gamonts. Most merozoites remained within the parasitophorous vacuole of the original host cell and transformed into macro- or microgamonts or meronts. Some such macro- and microgamonts then fused with each other to form larger multinucleated bodies. Such microgamonts formed microgametes, but multinucleate macrogamonts did not form oocysts. Mature microgamonts were 34 microns in diameter, and contained several hundred biflagellate microgametes. Mature macrogamonts measured 29.1 x 21.5 microns, unsporulated oocysts were 31.2 x 22 microns, and sporulated oocysts were 32 x 23.1 microns. Oocysts obtained from cell cultures were sporulated and then inoculated by gavage into rabbits, which passed E. magna oocysts 6--10 days later. Sporozoites, obtained from oocysts produced in culture or from rabbits that had been inoculated with the vitro-produced oocysts, developed to first- and second-generation meronts in MDBK or RK-1 cultures.
On Some Growth Properties of Entire Functions Using Their Maximum Moduli Focusingp,qth Relative Order (2014)

We discuss some growth rates of composite entire functions on the basis of the definition of relative (p, q)th order (relative (p, q)th lower order) with respect to another entire function which improve some earlier results of Roy (2010) where p and q are any two positive integers.
Quantum Random Access Memory (2008)

A random access memory (RAM) uses n bits to randomly address N=2(n) distinct memory cells. A quantum random access memory (QRAM) uses n qubits to address any quantum superposition of N memory cells. We present an architecture that exponentially reduces the requirements for a memory call: O(logN) switches need be thrown instead of the N used in conventional (classical or quantum) RAM designs. This yields a more robust QRAM algorithm, as it in general requires entanglement among exponentially less gates, and leads to an exponential decrease in the power needed for addressing. A quantum optical implementation is presented.
Direct Speed Control using LIDAR and turbine data (2013)

LIDAR systems are able to provide preview information of the wind speed in front of wind turbines. One proposed use of this information is to increase the energy capture of the turbine by adjusting the rotor speed directly to maintain operation at the optimal tip-speed ratio, a technique referred to as Direct Speed Control (DSC). Previous work has indicated that for large turbines the marginal benefit of the direct speed controller in terms of increased power does not compensate for the increase of the shaft loads. However, the technique has not yet been adequately tested to make this determination conclusively. Further, it is possible that applying DSC to smaller turbines could be worthwhile because of the higher rotor speed fluctuations and the small rotor inertia. This paper extends the previous work on direct speed controllers. A DSC is developed for a 600 kW experimental turbine and is evaluated theoretically and in simulation. Because the actual turbine has a mounted LIDAR, data collected from the turbine and LIDAR during operation are used to perform a hybrid simulation. This technique allows a realistic simulation to be performed, which provides good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in humans and mice: embracing clinical complexity in mouse models (2021)

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease accounting for a large and increasing proportion of all clinical HF presentations. As a clinical syndrome, HFpEF is characterized by typical signs and symptoms of HF, a distinct cardiac phenotype and raised natriuretic peptides. Non-cardiac comorbidities frequently co-exist and contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. To date, no therapy has proven to improve outcomes in HFpEF, with drug development hampered, at least partly, by lack of consensus on appropriate standards for pre-clinical HFpEF models. Recently, two clinical algorithms (HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores) have been developed to improve and standardize the diagnosis of HFpEF. In this review, we evaluate the translational utility of HFpEF mouse models in the context of these HFpEF scores. We systematically recorded evidence of symptoms and signs of HF or clinical HFpEF features and included several cardiac and extra-cardiac parameters as well as age and sex for each HFpEF mouse model. We found that most of the pre-clinical HFpEF models do not meet the HFpEF clinical criteria, although some multifactorial models resemble human HFpEF to a reasonable extent. We therefore conclude that to optimize the translational value of mouse models to human HFpEF, a novel approach for the development of pre-clinical HFpEF models is needed, taking into account the complex HFpEF pathophysiology in humans.
Repairing Ta absorber x-ray masks with gas-assisted focused-ion-beam etching (1997)

A process using gas-assisted etching (GAE) was developed to repair defects in x-ray masks with a high aspect ratio Ta pattern. XeF<SUB>2</SUB> was employed as the etchant gas. To control the adhesion of XeF2 gas molecules on the surface of a sample, we adjusted the gap between the point of the nozzle and the sample surface. The sidewall of the pattern was vertical, and rounding at the pattern top was not seen. The linewidth of the pattern was in good agreement (within 0.02 micrometer) with the setting width. The pattern had a very smooth bottom due to the chemical effect of etching. In examining the printability by printing on a resist using the SR exposure system with a repaired mask, we confirmed that a Ta absorber x-ray mask could be repaired with high accuracy by GAE.
A brief history of food packaging : from animal skins to plastic (2016)

Although the history of food packaging can be briefly summarised, it by no means has a brief history. For as long as people have had to store and transport food, some form of basic packaging has been used. Food packaging has come along way and continues to evolve.
ChemInform Abstract: KATIONEN‐RADIKALE 2. MITT. SELEKTIVITAET (GROESSER ALS 90 PZ.) DER (OMEGA‐1)‐STELLUNG BEI DER MONOCHLORIERUNG VON C6‐ UND C8‐ALKOHOLEN, AETHERN UND CARBONSAEUREN UNTER VERWENDUNG VON STICKSTOFF‐KATIONENRADIKALEN (1971)

Abstract Die funktionellen Cycloalkane (I) werden durch das Chloramin (II) (1:1‐Gemische) bei Licht bevorzugt in der (Ω ‐1 )‐Stellung zu den Monochlorverbindungen (III) [60‐80% Ausbeute bezogen auf (II)] chloriert.
Adaptive optics for aberration correction in PW lasers (2022)

The peculiar properties and principles of beam correction in pulsed lasers of PW power level are considered. Wide-aperture adaptive systems have been created to correct for aberrations and improve the focusing on the target. Bimorph deformable mirrors with free of “print-through” reflective surface and sizes of 320 and 400 mm have been developed, where the initial surface shapes after manual alignment were 1 and 1.5 µm (P- V), respectively. The use of an adaptive system with 320 mm deformable mirror in a 4.2 PW Ti: Sa laser provided a record intensity 1.lx1023 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the target when focusing by off-axis parabolic mirror f = 300 mm.
Breakthrough Virus Neutralization Resistance as a Correlate of Protection in a Nonhuman Primate Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Challenge Study (2015)

With more than 2 million new infections annually, the development of an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is a global health priority. Understanding immunologic correlates of protection generated in vaccine trials is critical to advance vaccine development. Here, we assessed the role of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies in a recent nonhuman primate study of a vaccine that showed significant protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge and suggested a genetic signature of neutralization sensitivity. We found that breakthrough viruses able to establish infection in vaccinated animals were substantially more resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization than were viruses from controls. These findings suggest that vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies selectively blocked the transmission of more sensitive challenge viruses. Sieve analysis also corroborated a genetic signature of neutralization sensitivity and highlighted the impact of challenge swarm diversity. Our findings suggest an important role for neutralization sieve analyses as an informative component of comprehensive immune-correlates analyses.
Performance-aware Malware Epidemic Confinement in Large-Scale IoT Networks (2021)

As millions of IoT devices are interconnected together for better communication and computation, compromising even a single device opens a gateway for the adversary to access the network leading to an epidemic. It is pivotal to detect any malicious activity on a device and mitigate the threat. Among multiple feasible security threats, malware (malicious applications) poses a serious risk to modern IoT networks. A wide range of malware can replicate itself and propagate through the network via the underlying connectivity in the IoT networks making the malware epidemic inevitable. There exist several techniques ranging from heuristics to game-theory based technique to model the malware propagation and minimize the impact on the overall network. The state-of-the-art game-theory based approaches solely focus either on the network performance or the malware confinement but does not optimize both simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a throughput-aware game theory-based end-to-end IoT network security framework to confine the malware epidemic while preserving the overall network performance. We propose a two-player game with one player being the attacker and other being the defender. Each player has three different strategies and each strategy leads to a certain gain to that player with an associated cost. A tailored min-max algorithm was introduced to solve the game. We have evaluated our strategy on a 500 node network for different classes of malware and compare with existing state-of-the-art heuristic and game theory-based solutions.
A 10‐YEAR OLD GIRL WITH NECK PAIN (2010)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), (Devic's disease), is a relatively uncommon autoimmune disease predominantly involving the spinal cord and optic nerves. We present a 10 year-old female with intermittent neck pain, progressive right upper and bilateral lower extremity weakness. MR imaging and intraoperative findings were strongly suggestive of a neoplastic process. However, pathologic examination showed an inflammatory demyelinating lesion and serological studies were positive for NMO-IgG. The patient improved dramatically following resection of the compressive "pseudotumor", with resolution of her preoperative deficits. This case underscores the diverse clinical presentation of neuromyelitis optica and the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis in pediatric lesions resembling neoplasms.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOSELECTIVE ADDITION TO AN α‐ALKOXY ALDEHYDE UNDER DIPOLAR (CRAM‐FELKIN) AND CHELATION (CRAM‐CYCLIC) CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. A STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐BLASTMYCINONE (1985)

Abstract Die Dithioacetale (II) und der Thioenolether (VII) reagieren mit (I) bevorzugt zu den anti‐Verbindungen (III) bzw. zur syn‐Verbindung (IVa).