gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in the molecular genetics of congenital heart defects (1998)

Congenital heart defects (CHD) constitute the single most common anatomic class of birth defects and are a major cause of infant mortality. Correlation of normal and pathological embryology/anatomy has led to the formulation of mechanistic models, but there is limited understanding of the genetic basis for the inferred embryological processes. Most evidence points to extensive etiologic heterogeneity and a re‐evaluation of simple multifactorial models is required. The recent identification of several genes responsible for congenital heart defects in the context of more complex clinical disorders provides significant entry points for the genetic analysis of human heart development. The association of aneusomies (particularly microdeletion syndromes) with specific cardiac lesions provides further strong support for mechanistic classification. Studies in the mouse are laying the groundwork for a comprehensive genetic model of cardiac organogenesis. Nevertheless, the basis for the large majority of CHD, especially isolated defects, remains obscure. Dissection of the genetic components of CHD is one of the greatest challenges in medical genetics for the coming decades.
New hypocholesterolemic abietamide derivatives. I. Structure-activity relationship. (1980)

Various amides of tetrahydroabietic, Δ8-dihydroabietic, abietic and dehydroabietic acids were prepared and tested for hypocholesterolemic activity in cholesterol-fed rats. The introduction of an aromatic ring into the amine moiety of secondary amides markedly enhanced the activity of the parent acids. The secondary amides having an aliphatic ring were slightly less active than those having an aromatic ring, but those having an alkyl or allyl group were completely inactive. Tetrahydroabietic and dihydroabietic acids appear to be preferable (in terms of activity) to abietic or dehydroabietic acid as the acid moiety of these amide derivatives. N-Phenyltetrahydro (18)- or N-phenyl-Δ8-dihydroabietamide (19) and N-benzyltetrahydro (20)- or N-benzyl-Δ8-dihydroabietamide (21) are considered to be promising parent compounds for potent hypocholesterolemic drugs. In the case of benzyl derivatives of Δ8-dihydroabietamide, N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-Δ8-dihydroabietamide (49) and N-(α-benzylbenzyl)-Δ8-dihydroabietamide (58) were the most active, being more than 10 times as potent as the corresponding parent compounds.
Modulation of the Frequency of Spontaneous Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release Events (Ca2+ Sparks) by Myoplasmic [Mg2+] in Frog Skeletal Muscle (1998)

The modulation by internal free [Mg2+] of spontaneous calcium release events (Ca2+ "sparks") from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was studied in depolarized notched frog skeletal muscle fibers using a laser scanning confocal microscope in line-scan mode (x vs. t). Over the range of [Mg2+] from 0.13 to 1.86 mM, decreasing the [Mg2+] induced an increase in the frequency of calcium release events in proportion to [Mg2+]-1.6. The change of event frequency was not due to changes in [Mg-ATP] or [ATP]. Analysis of individual SR calcium release event properties showed that the variation in event frequency induced by the change of [Mg2+] was not accompanied by any changes in the spatiotemporal spread (i.e., spatial half width or temporal half duration) of Ca2+ sparks. The increase in event frequency also had no effect on the distribution of event amplitudes. Finally, the rise time of calcium sparks was independent of the [Mg2+], indicating that the open time of the SR channel or channels underlying spontaneous calcium release events was not altered by [Mg2+] over the range tested. These results suggest that in resting skeletal fibers, [Mg2+] modulates the SR calcium release channel opening frequency by modifying the average closed time of the channel without altering the open time. A kinetic reaction scheme consistent with our results and those of bilayer and SR vesicle experiments indicates that physiological levels of resting Mg2+ may inhibit channel opening by occupying the site for calcium activation of the SR calcium release channel.
Sensor localization with Ring Overlapping based on Comparison of Received Signal Strength Indicator (2005)

Sensor localization has become an essential requirement for realistic applications over wireless sensor networks (WSN). Radio propagation irregularity and the stringent constraint on hardware cost, however, make localization in WSN very challenging. Range-free localizations are more appealing than range-based ones, since they do not depend on received signal strength to estimate distance and thus need simple and cheap hardware only. In this paper, we propose a ring-overlapping, range-free approach using the Ring Overlapping based on Comparison of Received Signal Strength Indicator (ROCRSSI). Simulation results have verified the high estimation accuracy achieved with ROCRSSI.
Scale-free correlations and criticality in an experimental model of brain cancer (2022)

Collective behavior spans several orders of magnitudes of biological organization, ranging from cell colonies, to flocks of birds, to herds of wildebeests. In this work, we investigate collective motion of glioblastoma cells in an ex-vivo experimental model of malignant brain tumors. Using time-resolved tracking of individual glioma cells, we observed collective motion characterized by weak polarization in the (directional) velocities of single cells, with fluctuations correlated over many cell lengths. The correlation length of these fluctuations scales approximately linearly with the total population size, and these scale-free correlations suggest that the system is poised near a critical point. To further investigate the source of this scale-free behavior, we used a data-driven maximum entropy model to estimate the effective length scale ( n c ) and strength ( J ) of local interactions between tumor cells. The model captures statistical features of the experimental data, including the shape of the velocity distributions and the existence of long range correlations, and suggests that n c and J vary substantially across different populations. However, the scale and strength of the interactions do not vary randomly, but instead occur on the boundary separating ordered and disordered motion, where the model exhibits classical signs of criticality, including divergences in generalized susceptibility and heat capacity. Our results suggest that brain tumor assemblies are poised near a critical point characterized by scale-free correlations in the absence of strong polarization.
Point Cloud Inpainting on Graphs from Non-Local Self-Similarity (2018)

As 3D scanning devices and depth sensors advance, point clouds have attracted increasing attention as a format for 3D object representation, with applications in various fields such as tele-presence, navigation and heritage reconstruction. However, point clouds usually exhibit holes of missing data, mainly due to the limitation of acquisition techniques and complicated structure. Hence, we propose an efficient point cloud inpainting method, leveraging on graph signal processing and based on the observation of non-local self-similarity in point clouds. Specifically, we split a point cloud into fixed-size cubes as the processing unit, and globally search for the most similar cube to the target cube with holes inside. The similarity metric between two cubes is defined based on the direct component and the proposed anisotropic graph total variation of normals in each cube. We then formulate the hole-filling step as an optimization problem, based on the selected most similar cube and regularized by a graph-signal smoothness prior. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms three competing methods significantly, both in objective and subjective quality.
Shape registration in implicit spaces using information theory and free form deformations (2006)

We present a novel, variational and statistical approach for shape registration. Shapes of interest are implicitly embedded in a higher-dimensional space of distance transforms. In this implicit embedding space, registration is formulated in a hierarchical manner: the Mutual Information criterion supports various transformation models and is optimized to perform global registration; then, a B-spline-based Incremental Free Form Deformations (IFFD) model is used to minimize a Sum-of-Squared-Differences (SSD) measure and further recover a dense local nonrigid registration field. The key advantage of such framework is twofold: (1) it naturally deals with shapes of arbitrary dimension (2D, 3D, or higher) and arbitrary topology (multiple parts, closed/open) and (2) it preserves shape topology during local deformation and produces local registration fields that are smooth, continuous, and establish one-to-one correspondences. Its invariance to initial conditions is evaluated through empirical validation, and various hard 2D/3D geometric shape registration examples are used to show its robustness to noise, severe occlusion, and missing parts. We demonstrate the power of the proposed framework using two applications: one for statistical modeling of anatomical structures, another for 3D face scan registration and expression tracking. We also compare the performance of our algorithm with that of several other well-known shape registration algorithms.
Qué piensan los futuros profesores sobre el uso de la calculadora en la educación primaria (2017)

Aun encontramos cierta resistencia en cuanto al uso de la calculadora en el ambito educacional, especialmente en la educacion primaria a pesar de que esa herramienta tecnologica esta presente en nuestro dia a dia. Ante este contexto, y en el marco de un proyecto de investigacion en desarrollo, se propuso hacer un taller de estudios y practicas con estudiantes de un curso de Pedagogia en una universidad brasilena. Con el fin de investigar y analizar cualitativamente las concepciones previas y posteriores a las actividades de los futuros profesores sobre el uso de la calculadora en la educacion primaria; se presentan las reflexiones y re significaciones de los futuros profesores sobre el uso de la calculadora y las actividades propuestas con esta herramienta tecnologica. Despues del analisis de datos reunidos, comprobamos que la mayoria de los futuros profesores apoya el uso de la calculadora en este nivel de ensenanza.
Dietary Vitamin A, E, and C Needs of Pigs Experiencing a Low or High Level of Antigen Exposure (1998)

The impact of dietary vitamin A, E, and C concentration on rate and efficiency of body weight gain and serum vitamin E (a-tocopherol) concentration was determined in pigs experiencing a low or high level of antigen exposure (AE). Pigs were reared via two management schemes that resulted in either a low or high level of AE. Dams of the pigs received a corn and soybean meal diet devoid of supplemental vitamins A, E, and C from day 60 of pregnancy through lactation. Postweaning, pigs were individually penned and self-fed a basal diet containing 25% of the estimated requirement (1) for 11–22 lb pigs for vitamins A and E, and 3.64 mg of vitamin C per pound of diet. At 21±2.6 lb body weight, pigs within a litter were randomly allotted to the basal diet supplemented with vitamins A, E, and C equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400% of NRC (2 mg of C added per 1 IU of E). Low AE pigs had lower serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentrations (466 vs 726 mg/mL) indicating they experienced a lower level of AE. Low AE pigs also gained body weight faster (1.39 vs 1.27 lb/day) and required less feed per unit of gain (1.37 vs 1.45) than high AE pigs fed from 21 to 55 lb body weight. As dietary concentrations of A, E, and C increased, daily gains increased quadratically, but the magnitude of response was greater for the high AE pigs. Serum vitamin E concentrations increased with increasing dietary concentrations of vitamins A, E, and C in low AE pigs but remained constant in high AE pigs. Based on these data, dietary needs for one or more of vitamins A, E, and C are greater in pigs experiencing a high versus low level of chronic antigen exposure. Furthermore, the needs of high-antigen-exposed pigs are greater than current estimated requirements (1).
Magnet-optic media composed of ferromagnetic metalisland filmsfor glass and semiconductor substrates (1996)

A new type of magnet-optic media composed of ferromagnetic metal island films has been demonstrated for glass substrates. The optical loss of the ferromagnetic metal island films becomes much lower than that of conventional ultra-thin films with continuous structure in a wavelength region longer than the resonance wavelength, and a strong Faraday effect is kept in the island film. As the ferromagnetic metal island films can easily be fabricated on the glass and semiconductor substrates using a conventional vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method, it is expected that will these become very useful media for optical devices.
Paced epimyocardial electrograms for noninvasive rejection monitoring after heart transplantation. (1996)

This sensitive noninvasive method for rejection monitoring with a high level of reliability provides the possibility of reducing the number of endomyocardial biopsies.
Time to get personal (1998)

New data protection laws go live in nine months' time – yet there is still considerable ignorance about existing legislation. Anne Hinde considers the impact of the new European Union Directive
A novel type of optically active helical polymers: Synthesis and characterization of poly(N‐propargylureas) (2008)

Abstract This article presents two novel artificial helical polymers, substituted polyacetylenes with urea groups in side chains. Poly( 4 ) and poly( 5 ) can be obtained in high yields (≥97%) and with moderate molecular weights (11,000–14,000). Poly( 4 ) contains chiral centers in side chains, and poly( 5 ) is an achiral polymer. Both of the two polymers adopted helical structures under certain conditions. More interestingly, poly( 4 ) exhibited large specific optical rotations, resulting from the predominant one‐handed screw sense. The helical conformation in poly( 5 ) was stable against heat, while poly( 4 ) underwent conformational transition from helix to random coil upon increasing temperature from 0 to 55 °C. Solvents had considerable influence on the stability of the helical conformation in poly( 4 ). The screw sense adopted by the helices was also largely affected by the nature of the solvent. Poly( 4 ‐ co ‐ 5 )s formed helical conformation and showed large optical rotations, following the Sergeants and Soldiers rule. By comparing the present two polymers (with one NH groups) with the three polymers previously reported (with two NH groups in side chains), the nature of the hydrogen bonds formed between the neighboring urea groups played big roles in the formation of stable helical conformation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4112–4121, 2008
Thermodynamic Properties of the One-Dimensional Ising System (CH3)4NCo(NO2)3, the Iso-Structural Compound with the Haldane System, TMNIN (1995)

We measured the magnetic heat capacity, susceptibility and magnetization of (CH 3 ) 4 NCo(NO 2 ) 3 (TMCON) which is the iso-structural compound with the Haldane compound (CH 3 ) 4 NNi(NO 2 ) 3 (TMNIN). From the analysis of these thermodynamic properties, we found that TMCON is a one-dimensional S =1/2 Ising system where the ferromagnetic nearest neighbor interaction J 1 and the antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor interaction J 2 are competing. The value of J 1 is estimated to be J 1 / k B =28.0±4.0 K. It is confirmed that the results can be comprehensively explained only when we take J 2 <0, although J 2 =-0.22 J 1 estimated from the thermal analysis differs from J 2 =-0.46 J 1 from the magnetic susceptibility for the powdered sample. Based on the results for TMCON, we discuss the stabilization of the Haldane state in TMNIN, considering the frustration effect between J 1 and J 2 .
Future scaling of processor-memory interfaces (2009)

Continuous evolution in process technology brings energy-efficiency and reliability challenges, which are harder for memory system designs since chip multiprocessors demand high bandwidth and capacity, global wires improve slowly, and more cells are susceptible to hard and soft errors. Recently, there are proposals aiming at better main-memory energy efficiency by dividing a memory rank into subsets.
Management of traumatic brain injury (1998)

The goal of research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to identify processes that contribute to mortality and morbidity and that are amenable to intervention. Recent observations that neural loss progresses for weeks to months after TBI suggest a prolonged interval during which interventions could be accomplished. Cell dysfunction and death after TBI are related to a variety of posttraumatic vascular and cellular processes. After TBI, cerebral blood flow progresses through three phases: phase I, decreased cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen; phase II, increased cerebral blood flow with unchanged cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen; and phase III, cerebral vasospasm. In severely head injured patients, impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation correlates with poor outcome. Impaired brain tissue oxygenation after TBI can be measured by intraparenchymal probes that have also been used to define changes in tissue oxygenation in response to pharmacologically increasing cerebral perfusion pressure, mannitol, and hyperventilation.
All My People Right Here, Right Now (2009)

A mundane but theoretically interesting and practically relevant situation presents itself on social networking sites: the co-presence of multiple groups important to an individual. This primarily qualitative study concentrates on the point of view of individual SNS users and their perspectives on multiple group affiliations. After charting the perceived multiplicity of groups on the social networking site Facebook, we investigated the relevance of multiple groups to the users and the effect of group co-presence on psychological identification processes. Users deal with group co-presence by managing the situation to prevent anticipated conflictive and identity-threatening situations. Their behavioral strategies consist of dividing the platform into separate spaces, using suitable channels of communication, and performing self-censorship. Mental strategies include both the creation of more inclusive in-group identities and the reciprocity of trusting other users and being responsible. In addition to giving further evidence of the existence of group co-presence on SNSs, the study sheds light on the management of the phenomenon. Management of group co-presence should be supported, since otherwise users may feel the urge to resort to defensive strategies of social identity protection such as ceasing to use SNSs altogether or, less dramatically, limit their use according to "the least common denominator". Hence, the phenomenon merits the attention of researchers, developers, and designers alike.
Microlens Array Film with Full Fill Factor for Enhancing Outcoupling Efficiency from OLED Lighting (2007)

This paper reports a microlens array (MLA) film with full fill factor and presents its application to organic light emitting diode (OLED) for improving outcoupling efficiency. Gapless MLA film having high sag ratio is proposed and fabricated by simple micromachining process including trench formation and conformal vapor phase deposition of polymer. As applying MLA film to OLED panel, the outcoupling efficiency increased by maximum 48%. High-sag MLA optical film with full fill factor is expected to give remarkable optical efficiency to various display or lighting applications of the flat panel light sources including OLED.
3D integration by Cu-Cu thermo-compression bonding of extremely thinned bulk-Si die containing 10 &amp;#x003BC;m pitch through-Si vias (2006)

Using standard single damascene type techniques on bulk-Si, combined on one hand with extreme wafer thinning and on the other with Cu-Cu thermo-compression bonding technology, the paper demonstrate yielding 10k through-wafer 3D-via chains with a via pitch of 10μm for a via diameter of 5μm. The bonded contacts exhibit shear strengths exceeding 40MPa. Measurements indicate there is no significant contact resistance at the Cu-Cu bonded interface: within measurement accuracy, the 4-point via chain resistance is consistent with bulk Cu resistivity
Sub-mm Scale Fiber Guided Deep/Vacuum Ultra-Violet Optical Source for Trapped Mercury Ion Clocks (2013)

We demonstrate the functionality of a mercury capillary lamp with a diameter in the sub-mm range and deep ultraviolet (DUV)/ vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation delivery via an optical fiber integrated with the capillary. DUV spectrum control is observed by varying the fabrication parameters such as buffer gas type and pressure, capillary diameter, electrical resonator design, and temperature. We also show spectroscopic data of the 199Hg+ hyper-fine transition at 40.5GHz when applying the above fiber optical design. We present efforts toward micro-plasma generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with related optical design and theoretical estimations. This new approach towards a more practical DUV optical interface could benefit trapped ion clock developments for future ultra-stable frequency reference and time-keeping applications.
Stimulation and inhibition of cAMP accumulation by glucagon in canine hepatocytes. (1987)

We have examined, by use of isolated canine hepatocytes and selected hormone analogs, the mechanisms by which glucagon modifies the accumulation of cellular cAMP. Low concentrations of glucagon (less than or equal to 3 nM) enhanced the accumulation of hepatocyte cAMP, whereas higher concentrations of the hormone diminished the effectiveness of lower ones. This biphasic concentration dependence was observed as well for some glucagon analogs, but not for others, and was apparent for cells incubated in the presence or absence of theophylline. Glucagon at high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 nM) also inhibited the accumulation of cAMP induced by isoproterenol. The inhibitory effect of glucagon in both of these systems was reversed or attenuated by cell incubations involving the use of pertussis toxin (islet-activating protein) or a peptide antagonist of the glucagon-adenylyl cyclase system. We conclude that (a) glucagon, through its interaction with high and low affinity binding sites, can either stimulate or inhibit the production of hepatocyte cAMP; (b) the inhibitory action of the hormone appears to arise from interactions of ligand with a subset of these binding sites and to require structural characteristics in addition to those that determine receptor binding affinity per se; and (c) the glucagon and adrenergic systems involved in stimulating cAMP accumulation are linked, at least with regard to the negative effect induced by high concentrations of glucagon.
Late stimulation of the sphenopalatine‐ganglion in ischemic rats: Improvement in N‐acetyl‐aspartate levels and diffusion weighted imaging characteristics as seen by MR (2010)

Our findings suggest that SPG stimulation may ameliorate MR tissue characteristics following t-MCAO even if treatment is started 18 h post-occlusion.