gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Signatures for Identifying Explosives With Wideband Millimeter-Wave Illumination (2016)

Millimeter-wave imaging systems used in airports, government buildings, and other facilities for personnel screening use advanced imaging technology (AIT) to detect explosives and weapons concealed under clothing. Additional information in the imaging data can be applied to identify the composition of the detected objects. The method described here demonstrates that material data in the form of the dielectric constant can be derived from the variation of reflectivity in millimeter waves over a range of frequencies from 18 to 40 GHz. By fitting the reflectivity to an optical model, the thickness and dielectric constant, including attenuation, can be computed. The method is applied to samples of inert substances and a military sheet explosive to show that detected anomalies can be distinguished as distinct materials through their dielectric constants. For absorptive materials, a frequency band of lower frequencies, 2-18 GHz, can be applied to detect the dielectric, as is demonstrated in the case of a commercial explosive. Used with AIT, the technique can facilitate the evaluation of threats at personnel checkpoints.
Involvement of CarA/LitR and CRP/FNR Family Transcriptional Regulators in Light-Induced Carotenoid Production in Thermus thermophilus (2011)

Members of the CarA/LitR family are MerR-type transcriptional regulators that contain a C-terminal cobalamin-binding domain. They are thought to be involved in light-induced transcriptional regulation in a wide variety of nonphototrophic bacteria. Based on the distribution of this kind of regulator, the current study examined carotenoid production in Thermus thermophilus, and it was found to occur in a light-induced manner. litR and carotenoid and cobalamin biosynthesis genes were all located on the large plasmid of this organism. litR or cobalamin biosynthesis gene knockout mutants were unable to switch off carotenoid production under dark conditions, while a mutant with a mutation in the downstream gene adjacent to litR (TT_P0055), which encodes a CRP/FNR family transcriptional regulator, was unable to produce carotenoids, irrespective of light conditions. Overall, genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that LitR is bound by cobalamin and associates with the intergenic promoter region between litR and crtB (phytoene synthase gene), repressing the bidirectional transcription of litR and crtB. It is probable that derepression of LitR caused by some photodependent mechanism induces the expression of TT_P0055 protein, which serves as a transcriptional activator for the crtB operon and hence causes the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis and the DNA repair system under light condition.
Quantitative Multiple Competitive PCR of HIV-1 DNA in a Single Reaction Tube (1996)

A quantitative multiple competitive PCR (QMC-PCR) for determination of DNA copy numbers is described. Four competitive DNA templates for the env region of HIV-1 were constructed with sizes longer (187 and 163 bp) or shorter (122 and 105 bp) than the 142 bp of the wild-type PCR product. Varying amounts of each of these competitors are introduced together with the sample into a single reaction tube. Since competitors and wild-type fragments share the same primer recognition sequence (SK68/SK69), amplification occurs according to the rate of the introduced copy numbers. The PCR products are run on an agarose gel, and the copy number of the sample is determined by analyzing the bands with a video densitometer and calculating the equivalence point in a linear regression plot.
Clinical characteristics and long-term response to mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder and different age at onset (2009)

Even though further controlled studies are needed to clarify the relationship between age at onset and outcome in BD, the present follow-up study suggests clinical peculiarities and different patterns of response to mood stabilizers across distinct subgroups of patients with BD and different ages at onset.
An Exploration of Off Topic Conversation (2010)

In a corpus of expert tutoring dialogue, conversation that is considered to be “off topic” (non-pedagogical) according to a previous coding scheme is explored for its value in tutoring dynamics. Using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) tool, phases of tutoring categorized as “off topic ” were compared with interactive problem solving phases to explore how the two differ on the emotional, psychological, and topical dimensions analyzed by LIWC. The results suggest that conversation classified as “off topic ” serves as motivation and broad pedagogy in tutoring. These findings can be used to orient future research on “off topic ” conversation, and help to make sense of both previous coding schemes and noisy data sets. 1
Modeling users' activity on Twitter networks: validation of Dunbar's number (2012)

Microblogging and mobile devices appear to augment human social capabilities, which raises the question whether they remove cognitive or biological constraints on human communication. In this paper we analyze a dataset of Twitter conversations collected across six months involving 1.7 million individuals and test the theoretical cognitive limit on the number of stable social relationships known as Dunbar’s number. We find that the data are in agreement with Dunbar’s result; users can entertain a maximum of 100–200 stable relationships. Thus, the ‘economy of attention ’ is limited in the online world by cognitive and biological constraints as predicted by Dunbar’s theory. We propose a simple model for users’ behavior that includes finite priority queuing and time resources that reproduces the observed social behavior.
APEx 2-hybrid, a quantitative protein–protein interaction assay for antibody discovery and engineering (2007)

We have developed a bacterial system for the discovery of interacting proteins that, unlike other two-hybrid technologies, allows for the selection of protein pairs on the basis of affinity or expression. This technology relies on the anchored periplasmic expression (APEx) of one protein (bait) on the periplasmic side of the inner membrane of Escherichia coli and its interacting partner (prey) as a soluble, epitope-tagged, periplasmic protein. Upon removal of the outer membrane by spheroplasting, periplasmic proteins, including any unbound epitope-tagged prey, are released into the extracellular fluid. However, if the epitope-tagged prey can bind to the membrane-anchored bait, it remains associated with the cell and can be detected quantitatively by using fluorescent anti-epitope tag antibodies. Cells expressing prey:bait pairs exhibiting different affinities can be readily distinguished by flow cytometry. The utility of this technology, called APEx two-hybrid, was demonstrated in two demanding antibody engineering applications: First, single-chain variable fragment (scFvs) with increased affinity to the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis were isolated from cells coexpressing libraries of scFv random mutants, together with endogenously expressed antigen. Second, APEx two-hybrid coupled with multicolor FACS analysis to account for protein expression was used for the selection of mutant Fab antibody fragments exhibiting improved expression in the bacterial periplasm.
Contouring of epicardial activation using spatial autocorrelation estimates (2002)

The authors examine the procedure involved in producing contour maps of epicardial activation. The key step is to generate a mathematical model of activation. Spectral analysis of heart surface activation reveals a low frequency trend, representing uniform conduction, with disordered conduction concentrated in higher frequency bands. A method of mapping which uses the spatial autocorrelation function to assist in generating the epicardial activation model was compared with traditional, wholly empirical methods. Use of spatial autocorrelation appears to improve the resolution of map generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>Laser-tissue interaction during transmyocardial laser revascularization</title> (1996)

The clinical procedure known as transmyocardial revascularization has recently seen its renaissance. Despite the promising preliminary clinical results, the associated mechanisms are subject to much discussion. This study is an attempt to unravel the basics of the interaction between 800 W carbon-dioxide laser radiation and biological tissue. Time-resolved flash photography was used to visualize the laser-induced channel formation in water and tissue phantoms. In addition laser-induced pressures were measured. Channel depth was shown to increase logarithmically with time (i.e. with pulse duration) in water, tissue phantoms and porcine myocardium. Pressure measurements show numerous small transients during the laser pulse which corresponded to the local and partial collapse of the formed channel already during the pulse. It was shown that in tissue, 20 mm of myocardium is perforated in 25 ms. Increasing the pulse duration only has a small effect on the maximum transversible thickness while histology shows that thermal damage around the crater increased with increasing pulse duration.
TISSUE COMPATIBILITY OF BIOMATERIALS: BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS OF SKIN BIOINTEGRATION (2008)

The integration of biomaterials with skin is necessary to enable infection-free access to vasculature and body cavities. Also, integrating plastics and metals with skin increases options for the reconstruction of surgical and traumatic defects and enables the permanent implantation of robotic and electronic devices. Until now, attempts to integrate biomaterials with skin permanently have failed because of epidermal marsupialization and infection. This article reviews the general properties required of biomaterials to optimize integration with body tissues, the modifications that increase biocompatibility, focusing particularly on surface functionalization and the specific requirements for biomaterial integration into skin. Critical pathophysiological processes relating to biocompatibility are discussed with particular emphasis on the skin-biomaterial interface. Future directions are speculated on, in particular, the specific utility of subatmospheric pressure dressings in facilitating tissue integration into biomaterials.
Determination of trace lanthanides and yttrium in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after preconcentration with solvent extraction and back-extraction (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of trace lanthanides and yttrium in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after preconcentration with solvent extraction and back-extractionMohammad B. Shabani, Tasuku. Akagi, Hiroshi. Shimizu, and Akimasa. MasudaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 24, 2709–2714Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00223a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Raffinate Hydrocracking with Palladium-Nickel-Containing Synthetic Mica-Montmorillonite Catalysts (1975)

High yields of LPG or isobutane and octane improvement of the C5+ fraction can be simultaneously obtained by hydrocracking raffinate over a palladium-impregnated, nickel-substituted synthetic mica-montmorillonite catalyst (0.7 wt % Pd-15 wt % Ni-SMM). A critical sulfur level of about 100 to 200 ppm in the feed is essential to combine the features of desired product yields and good aging characteristics. Processing conditions ranged from 316° to 339°C (600° to 750°F), 7,000 kilopascals (1,000 psig), 1.2 to 2.0 LHSV and 5 hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon mole ratio with the lower temperatures allowing the high isobutane yields and the higher temperatures maximizing the total LPG yields. No significant aging was observed over 20 days processing as the sulfur level in the feed was increased to 200 ppm.
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (2001)

This pilot study confirms the tolerability of fluoxetine and suggests that it would be effective as a novel treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon. Larger and placebo-controlled trials are warranted to assess fluoxetine's therapeutic potential further in this vasospastic condition.
Capturing what is needed in multi-user system design (1997)

The design of large-scale collaborative multi-user systems requires both a detailed understanding of the work of many individuals and an understanding of how the individual pieces fit together in the larger organizationalcontext, In order to manage the complexity of the design task, designers develop and use various representations of work practices which selectively include some details. but omit others. This paper presents some heuristics based on our experience in the design of three healthcare systems that can help designers in determining what information needs to be included in representations for the design of mu!tiuser systems., We present eight questions which can be used to capture important work practice information. Wc include a retrospective analysis of several design examples and suggest how the use of these questions can be integrated into design practice.
Probabilistic Search for Structured Data via Probabilistic Programming and Nonparametric Bayes (2017)

Databases are widespread, yet extracting relevant data can be difficult. Without substantial domain knowledge, multivariate search queries often return sparse or uninformative results. This paper introduces an approach for searching structured data based on probabilistic programming and nonparametric Bayes. Users specify queries in a probabilistic language that combines standard SQL database search operators with an information theoretic ranking function called predictive relevance. Predictive relevance can be calculated by a fast sparse matrix algorithm based on posterior samples from CrossCat, a nonparametric Bayesian model for high-dimensional, heterogeneously-typed data tables. The result is a flexible search technique that applies to a broad class of information retrieval problems, which we integrate into BayesDB, a probabilistic programming platform for probabilistic data analysis. This paper demonstrates applications to databases of US colleges, global macroeconomic indicators of public health, and classic cars. We found that human evaluators often prefer the results from probabilistic search to results from a standard baseline.
FLASHBLINDNESS: THE EFFECTS OF PREFLASH ADAPTATION AND PUPIL SIZE (1965)

Abstract : A question of considerable operational importance is the extent to which the blinding effect of a flash from a nuclear weapon will vary with the ambient light level. Under conditions of darkness, the size of the pupil and the sensitivity of the eye are maximized. With an increase in the ambient light level both the sensitivity of the eye and the pupil size decrease. Data are presented on the independent effects of pupil size and receptor adaptation level on the production of flashblindness by high intensity, short-duration flashes.
Building lighting automation through the integration of DALI with wireless sensor networks (2012)

This paper focuses on the integration of Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) devices in wireless sensor networks. Since different manufacturers usually deal with one aspect of building automation - e.g. heating ventilation and air conditioning, lighting control, different kinds of alarms, etc. - final building automation system has different subsystems which are finally taken to an integrated building management system. The cost of this process is consequently increased due to additional hardware investment. Our main purpose is to provide the end consumer with an economical fully centralized system in which home appliances are managed by an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network. Not only is it necessary to focus on the initial investment, but maintenance and energy consumption costs must also be considered. This paper explains the developed system along with a brief introduction to usual building automation protocols. Finally it presents future work in this field.
Tools and techniques for estimating high intensity RF effects (1992)

Tools and techniques for estimating and measuring coupling and component disturbance for avionics and electronic controls are described. A finite-difference-time-domain (FD-TD) modeling code, TSAR, used to predict coupling is described. This code can quickly generate a mesh model to represent the test object. Some applications as well as the advantages and limitations of using such a code are described. Facilities and techniques for making low-power coupling measurements and for making direct injection test measurements of device disturbance are also described. Some scaling laws for coupling and device effects are presented. A method for extrapolating these low-power test results to high-power full-system effects are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Creation of virtual worlds from 3D models retrieved from content aware networks based on sketch and image queries (2011)

The recent emergence of user generated content requires new content creation tools that will be both easy to learn and easy to use. These new tools should enable the user to construct new high-quality content with minimum effort; it is essential to allow existing multimedia content to be reused as building blocks when creating new content. In this work we present a new tool for automatically constructing virtual worlds with minimum user intervention. Users can create these worlds by drawing a simple sketch, or by using interactively segmented 2D objects from larger images. The system receives as a query the sketch or the segmented image, and uses it to find similar 3D models that are stored in a Content Centric Network. The user selects a suitable model from the retrieved models, and the system uses it to automatically construct a virtual 3D world.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A review (2003)

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a complex syndrome with multiple causes, with an incidence of 0.43-6.8/1,000 live births and a mortality of 10-20%. Survivors have high morbidity in the forms of neurodevelopmental and audiological impairment, cognitive delays, hearing loss, and a high rate of rehospitalization. The optimal approach to the management of PPHN remains controversial. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is currently regarded as the gold standard therapy, but with as many as 30% of cases failing to respond, has not proven to be the single magic bullet. Given the complex pathophysiology of the disease, any such magic bullet is unlikely. A number of recent studies have suggested a role for specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in the management of PPHN. Sildenafil, a specific PDE5 inhibitor, appears the most promising of such agents. We aim to review the current status and limitations of iNO and the potential of PDE inhibitors in the management of PPHN. The reasons why caution is warranted before specific PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil are labelled as potential magic bullets for PPHN will be discussed. The need for randomized-controlled trials to determine the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome following treatment with sildenafil in PPHN is emphasized.
Experimental Hemorrhage and Blunt Trauma Do Not Increase Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent cytokine mediator of the shock states associated with sepsis and burn injury. This experimental study was done to determine whether circulating TNF plays a major role in the vasomotor collapse seen following experimental hemorrhage and blunt injury. Twenty anesthetized pigs were divided into two groups. Ten animals were bled 60% of their calculated blood volume in 15 minutes. Animals in Group IA (n = 5) had no treatment, and Group IB animals (n = 5) were given twice the shed volume as crystalloid 30 minutes after hemorrhage. The other animals, groups IIa and IIb (n = 5 each), were first subjected to a blunt injury to the thigh sufficient to cause a midshaft femur fracture, then bled and similarly treated. In both groups, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and serum TNF activity by L929 bioassay were measured at 15-minute intervals for 120 minutes after hemorrhage or hemorrhage and blunt injury. An additional three animals were infused with 4 x 10(8)/kg heat-killed E. coli to validate the TNF assay. All bled animals sustained a fall in MAP and CO to a mean of 33% of baseline values, with or without fracture. Group IB and IIB animals responded to fluid resuscitation by restoration of MAP and CO to 85%-97% of the baseline values. Tumor necrosis factor was not detectable before injury and remained undetectable in all these animals during the 120 minutes of the experiment despite hemorrhage alone or combined hemorrhage and blunt trauma, with or without fluid resuscitation. The test animals receiving the E. coli responded with markedly elevated TNF levels, which peaked at 90 minutes after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
'Earnest desires': The Iwakura embassy and Meiji religious policy (1998)

The impact of the Iwakura embassy (1871-3) on the course of subsequent Japanese history is worthy of consideration, but it is a question that defies precise quantifying. The issue of Christianity, however, has long appeared to be one area where impact is clearly identifiable: the protests of foreign governments persuaded Iwakura and his embassy to adopt a new, more tolerant approach to foreign religion, which was translated into the historic removal of the anti-Christian notice-boards in 1873. This article examines sources outside the much-used Beiō kairan jikki and finds this long-established view wanting. It is argued here that, far from 'enlightening' the leadership and so directly aiding the cause of Christianity in Japan, the Iwakura embassy had two effects above all: it confirmed the leadership in its anti-Christian stance and, ironically, did much to bolster the fortunes of Buddhism.
Optical coherent receiver based on single side sub-carrier phase-locked loop (2009)

An analogue optical phase-locked loop technique called single side sub-carrier phase-locked loop was tested in a 10 Gbit/s real-time coherent BPSK experiment. It was experimentally demonstrated that the novel technique allows use of a 6 GHz electrical voltage controlled oscillator to perform a 10 Gbit/s BPSK analogue coherent detection.