gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flux noise in superconducting circuits: Electron versus nuclear spins (2015)

Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) and other superconducting circuits are limited by intrinsic flux noise with spectral density $1/f^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha<1$ whose origin is believed to be due to spin impurities. Here we present a theory of flux noise that takes into account the vectorial nature of the coupling of spins to superconducting wires. We present explicit numerical calculations of the flux noise power (spectral density integrated over all frequencies) for electron impurities and lattice nuclear spins under several different assumptions. The noise power is shown to be dominated by surface electron spins near the wire edges, with bulk lattice nuclear spins contributing $\sim 5$% of the noise power in aluminum and niobium wires. We consider the role of electron spin phase transitions, showing that the spin-spin correlation length (describing e.g. the average size of ferromagnetic spin clusters) greatly impacts the scaling of flux noise with wire geometry. Remarkably, flux noise power is exactly equal to zero when the spins are polarized along the flux vector direction, forming what we call a poloidal state. Flux noise is non-zero for other spin textures, but gets reduced in the presence of correlated ferromagnetic fluctuations between the top and bottom wire surfaces, where the flux vectors are antiparallel. This demonstrates that engineering spin textures and/or inter-surface correlation provides a method to reduce flux noise in superconducting devices.
An equivalent F-number for light field systems: light efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, and depth of field (2019)

The paper discusses the light efficiency and SNR of light field imaging systems in comparison to classical 2D imaging. In order to achieve this goal, I define the “equivalent f-number” as a concept of capturing the light gathering ability of the light field system. Since the f-number, in classical imaging systems, is conceptually also linked with the depth-of-field, I discuss an appropriate depth-of-field interpretation for light field systems.
STEAM CONDITIONS FOR MARINE ORGANIC MODERATED REACTORS (1960)

The economic and thermodynamic aspects of seven different steam cycles for organic moderated marine reactors are reviewed. (auth)
Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Node Placement and Configuration for WLAN Planning (2007)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to rapidly create a high quality network plan for IEEE 802.11 based WLAN according to assigned design requirements. The algorithm uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to explore the design space, and a IEEE 802.11 rate adaptation aware QoS estimation functionality to provide feedback for the algorithm and for a network designer. The algorithm selects AP devices, locations, antennas, as well as AP configuration including transmission power and frequency channel. The algorithm was used in WLAN planning for a suburb, which is under development in Tampere-Lempaala area in Finland. Compared to manual network planning, the developed algorithm was able to create a network plan with 133 % capacity, 98 % coverage, and 93 % cost. Manually the corresponding network planning took hours, whereas the algorithm computation time was 15 minutes.
Traffic control and WDM routing in the Data Vortex packet switch (2002)

A traffic control mechanism that eliminates the need for optical buffering and simplifies the routing procedure is experimentally demonstrated within the Data Vortex packet switch. The hierarchical switching system also employs a wavelength-division-multiplexing header-encoding technique to minimize the header processing and routing latency at each hop.
Site-specific mutagenesis by triple helix-forming oligonucleotides containing a reactive nucleoside analog (2003)

The specific recognition of homopurine-homo pyrimidine regions in duplex DNA by triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) provides an attractive strategy for genetic manipulation. Alkylation of nucleobases with functionalized TFOs would have the potential for site-directed mutagenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that a TFO bearing 2-amino-6-vinylpurine derivative, 1, achieves triplex-mediated reaction with high selectivity toward the cytosine of the G-C target site. In this report, we have investigated the use of this reagent to target mutations to a specific site in a shuttle vector plasmid, which replicates in mammalian cells. TFOs bearing 1 produced adducts at the complementary position of 1 and thereby introduced mutations at that site during replication/repair of the plasmid in mammalian cells. Reagents that produce covalent cytosine modifications are relatively rare. These TFOs enable the preparation of templates carrying targeted cytosine adducts for in vitro and in vivo studies. The ability to target mutations may prove useful as a tool for studying DNA repair, and as a technique for gene therapy and genetic engineering.
An endo-alpha1 leads to 6-D-mannanase from a soil bacterium. Purification, properties, and mode of action. (1976)

A soil organism, isolated by enrichment culture on unbranched alpha1 leads to 6-mannan backbone from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, secretes and endo-alpha1 leads to 6-mannanase. We have purified this mannanase to homogeneity and find it to consist of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 131,000. The enzyme is unusually heat-stable and appears to be highly extended in shape, possessing very little alpha helicity but with a high proportion of beta structure. The mannanase acts on unbranched alpha1 leads to 6-mannan to produce mannose and alpha1 leads to 6-mannobiose, with the intermediate formation of alpha1 leads to 6-mannooligosaccharides of various sizes. Calcium ion is required for full activity. The smallest substrate is the alpha1 leads to 6-mannotriose, whereas the reduced mannotriose is an inhibitor. The combining site appears to encompass 6 to 8 mannose units.
Notice of Removal: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma detection and treatment monitoring in vivo and in post-surgical human specimens using Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) (2017)

Removed.
SEM-FIB Characterization of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Likelihood-Free Inference and Generation of Molecular Graphs (2019)

Recent methods for generating novel molecules use graph representations of molecules and employ various forms of graph convolutional neural networks for inference. However, training requires solving an expensive graph isomorphism problem, which previous approaches do not address or solve only approximately. In this work, we propose LF-MolGAN, a likelihood-free approach for de novo molecule generation that avoids explicitly computing a reconstruction loss. Our approach extends generative adversarial networks by including an adversarial cycle-consistency loss to implicitly enforce the reconstruction property. To capture properties unique to molecules, such as valence, we extend Graph Isomorphism Network to multi-graphs. To quantify the performance of models, we propose to compute the distance between distributions of physicochemical properties with the 1-Wasserstein distance. We demonstrate that LF-MolGAN more accurately learns the distribution over the space of molecules than all baselines. Moreover, it can be utilized for drug discovery by efficiently searching the space of molecules using molecules' continuous latent representation.
Comparison of the opsonic activity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against Salmonella minnesota strain R595 (1988)

Murine monoclonal antibodies and immune rabbit serum were raised against the rough mutant Salmonella minnesota strain R595. These antibodies were tested for their opsonic activity against the homologous strain and the smooth wild type S. minnesota by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and a microscopic assessment of phagocytosis. Immune rabbit serum opsonised both strains. Treatment with normal rabbit serum inhibited the phagocytic uptake of S. minnesota R595. None of the monoclonal antibodies RE01 (anti-KDO), RE12 (anti-KDO) and RE23 (anti-lipid A) were opsonic. Unopsonised S. minnesota R595 stimulated marked chemiluminescence possibly because of its hydrophobic surface, but this was not reflected in increased uptake by phagocytic cells. Results obtained with luminol-dependent chemiluminescence should be interpreted with caution when the opsonisation of rough bacterial strains or those with high surface hydrophobicity is being investigated.
Universality of the surface magnetoelectric effect in half-metals (2009)

An electric field applied to a ferromagnetic metal produces a surface magnetoelectric effect originating from the spin-dependent screening of the electric field which results in a change in the surface magnetization of the ferromagnet. Here we predict that if the ferromagnet is a half-metal, due to the screening charge formed solely by single-spin conducting states, the surface magnetoelectric coefficient is the universal constant ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/e{c}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}6.44\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\text{ }\text{G}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{2}/\text{V}$. This prediction is in excellent agreement with results of our first-principles calculations of the magnetic response of a half-metallic ${\text{CrO}}_{2}$ to an applied electric field. The universal value of the surface magnetoelectric coefficient in half-metals may be used as another tool for detecting half-metallicity.
Proinflammatory-Activated Trigeminal Satellite Cells Promote Neuronal Sensitization: Relevance for Migraine Pathology (2009)

These findings indicate that satellite cells contribute to migraine-related neurochemical events and are induced to do so by autocrine/paracrine stimuli (such as IL-1beta and NO). The responsiveness of IL-1beta to CGRP creates the potential for a positive feedback loop and, thus, a plurality of targets for therapeutic intervention in migraine.
Navigating the Wnt pathway at the cilium : transport regulation and the role of Jouberin (2010)

The primary cilium is a unique cellular organelle which in recent years has proven to be a surprisingly multifaceted structure. Primary cilia are ubiquitous ; they are present on almost all vertebrate cell types and play important regulatory roles in a growing number of signaling pathways. Recently, these tiny hair-like structures have been recognized for their functions in a variety of disorders termed "ciliopathies." The ciliopathies display a broad range of phenotypes that can affect a multitude of organs at varying times in a person's life. We now know that cilia are involved in a growing array of developmental and homeostatic functions which seem to be disrupted in the ciliopathies leading to a variety of phenotypes. Understanding these disorders will require a broader understanding of the vastly diverse biological functions of cilia. To study the role of primary cilia in two overlapping ciliopathies, Joubert syndrome and nephronophthisis, I have employed a mouse model with a deletion of the Ahi1 gene. AHI1 was the first identified gene mutated in patients with Joubert syndrome, a cerebellar development disorder. Joubert syndrome patients also often display a variety of other ciliopathy phenotypes which can include nephronophthisis, a cystic kidney disorder. Chapter 2 describes the kidney phenotype of Ahi1 mutant mice and the underlying Wnt defect. Ahi1 mutant mice display decreased canonical Wnt signaling which results in abnormal injury repair and a late-onset cyst pathology. Chapter 3 describes a unique signaling role for the primary cilium in regulation of Jouberin, the protein product of Ahi1, and its role in canonical Wnt signaling. The primary cilium seems to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling at multiple steps in the pathway including through sequestration of Jouberin and [beta]-catenin. Finally, Chapter 4 describes the cerebellar phenotype of Ahi1 null mice and the unique role of canonical Wnt signaling in cerebellar midline fusion. Overall, these results suggest that the primary cilium regulates canonical Wnt signaling in a variety of cellular contexts through a unique subcellular mechanism involving Jouberin
Faecal freezing preservation period influences colonization ability for faecal microbiota transplantation (2018)

Long-term -20°C-preservation of transplanted faeces can result in instability of the clinical outcome in FMT therapy. The standardization of practical procedures of FMT therapy according to disease types is desirable.
C2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(Oxazoline) Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(Oxazoline) Ligands in Asymmetric CatalysisGiovanni Desimoni, Giuseppe Faita, and Karl Anker JørgensenView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy, and Danish National Research Foundation, Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 9, 3561–3651Publication Date (Web):August 2, 2006Publication History Received25 January 2006Published online2 August 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0505324https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505324research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16685Altmetric-Citations731LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Catalysts,Ligands,pH,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Monitoring Architecture for a 76-81GHz Radar Front End (2018)

This paper proposes architectures to comprehensively monitor the functionality of a 76-to-81GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar front end, for safety critical automotive applications. These on-chip monitors periodically measure critical performance parameters and internal voltages of the radar transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and local oscillator (LO), to detect failures in the field. They are implemented as a combination of mm-wave, analog, digital and firmware components in a radar IC in 45nm CMOS technology.
Human enteric Caliciviridae: the complete genome sequence and expression of virus-like particles from a genetic group II small round structured virus (1995)

Comparisons of the RNA polymerase and capsid sequences of small round structured viruses (SRSVs) have recently shown these are genetically diverse viruses which fall into two distinct groups. The genomes of two group I viruses, Southampton and Norwalk viruses have been characterized; however, similar data for the genetic group II SRSVs have not been available until now. We report here the complete genome sequence of a recent group II SRSV, Lordsdale virus. The Lordsdale virus genome is 7555 nt in length and has a similar organization to the group I SRSVs. The large ORF in the 5' half of the genome (5100 nt) is shorter than the group I SRSV ORF1 (5367 nt), but has the characteristic 2C helicase, 3C protease and 3D RNA polymerase enzyme motifs. ORF2, encoding the structural protein is of a similar size to the group I viruses but the small 3'-terminal ORF is significantly larger in group II. A highly conserved sequence of 28 nt was identified at the start of Lordsdale virus ORF1 and repeated at the start of ORF2. These conserved motifs are typical of the animal caliciviruses. Comparison of the 150 N-terminal amino acids in the ORF1 protein revealed little identity between the two SRSV genetic groups, reflecting the shorter ORF1 in the group II virus. Recombinant baculoviruses containing ORF2 and ORF3 sequences were constructed and used to express large quantities of the group II Lordsdale virus structural protein. The capsid protein formed virus-like particles by self assembly which resembled 'empty' SRSVs.
Stereo Matching and View Interpolation Based on Image Domain Triangulation (2013)

This paper presents a new approach for stereo matching and view interpolation problems based on triangular tessellations suitable for a linear array of rectified cameras. The domain of the reference image is initially partitioned into triangular regions using edge and scale information, aiming to place vertices along image edges and increase the number of triangles in textured regions. A region-based matching algorithm is then used to find an initial disparity for each triangle, and a refinement stage is applied to change the disparity at the vertices of the triangles, generating a piecewise linear disparity map. A simple post-processing procedure is applied to connect triangles with similar disparities generating a full 3D mesh related to each camera (view), which are used to generate new synthesized views along the linear camera array. With the proposed framework, view interpolation reduces to the trivial task of rendering polygonal meshes, which can be done very fast, particularly when GPUs are employed. Furthermore, the generated views are hole-free, unlike most point-based view interpolation schemes that require some kind of post-processing procedures to fill holes.
Management Patterns and Visual Outcomes of Endophthalmitis After Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement: A Case Series (2020)

Purpose: To describe clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of eyes with endophthalmitis related to glaucoma drainage device (GDD) placement. Patients and Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with GDD-related endophthalmitis at Duke Eye Center from 2009 to 2018. Results: Six eyes of 6 patients had endophthalmitis related to a GDD (2 Ahmed, 4 Baerveldt). The mean time from surgery to presentation was 22.7 months. Five of 6 cases (83%) had culture-proven infectious endophthalmitis. Eyes undergoing GDD explantation (n=2) had better visual acuity at 6 months compared with those without hardware removal (20/11,314 vs. 20/358). Visual acuity at 6 months was hand motion (20/8000) or worse in 3 of 6 cases (50%). Conclusions: GDD-related endophthalmitis often leads to poor visual outcomes. Hardware removal may lead to improved visual outcomes; a multicenter prospective study assessing the benefit of hardware removal may be warranted.
Overexpression of Glutathione Peroxidase With Two Isoforms of Superoxide Dismutase Protects Mouse Islets From Oxidative Injury and Improves Islet Graft Function (2005)

Primary nonfunction of transplanted islets results in part from their sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the isolation and transplantation process. Our aim was to examine whether coexpression of antioxidant enzymes to detoxify multiple ROS increased the resistance of mouse islets to oxidative stress and improved the initial function of islet grafts. Islets from transgenic mice expressing combinations of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular SOD, and cellular glutathione peroxidase (Gpx-1) were subjected to oxidative stress in vitro. Relative viability after hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase treatment was as follows: extracellular SOD + Gpx-1 + Cu/Zn SOD > extracellular SOD + Gpx-1 > extracellular SOD > wild type. Expression of all three enzymes was the only combination protective against hypoxia/reoxygenation. Islets from transgenic or control wild-type mice were then transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic recipients in a syngeneic marginal islet mass model, and blood glucose levels were monitored for 7 days. In contrast to single- and double-transgenic grafts, triple-transgenic grafts significantly improved control of blood glucose compared with wild type. Our results indicate that coexpression of antioxidant enzymes has a complementary beneficial effect and may be a useful approach to reduce primary nonfunction of islet grafts.
Multi-View Memory Support to Operating Systems in Locking for Transaction and Database Systems (1998)

Database (DB) and transaction processing systems utilize their own locking of data items instead of using locking services provided by operating systems (OSs). There are two major reasons for this, one deals with the size of lockable items while the other one with efficiency: (i) OSs provide efficient locking of pages by utilizing the Memory Management Unit. The problem is that the system page size is much too large for locking in transaction or DB systems. (ii) Invocation of OS locking services by applications results in context switching, and in many systems in heavy weight context switching, thus greatly reducing efficiency. The focus of this paper is to investigate the use of the Multi-View Memory (MVM) model and its supporting architecture in providing efficient locking services for transaction processing or DB systems. The model provides for enforcement of access-control protocols through finite-state machine (FSM) specification on units of data that can vary in size from one region of memory to another. The locking protocol is specified by an FSM definition and thus facilitates locking of variable-sized data items by threads executing transactions. Threads executing transactions do not explicitly request locks on data items—they simply access the data items while locking is performed automatically and in many instances without software intervention. This is facilitated by hardware assistance in that the FSM definitions and lock unit state information are stored in caches. Only when a thread is suspended are the state changes communicated to the software lock manager. Delays for lock acquisitions through the MVM model architecture are determined and compared with delays due to lock acquisition by a conventional lock manager.
Enrichment of blood from embryonic stem cells in vitro (1999)

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent. When injected into blastocysts they can give rise to every cell type of a derived chimeric mouse including germ cells. Embryonic stem cells also possess remarkable in vitro differentiation potential. When removed from stromal support and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ES cells differentiate into structures known as embryoid bodies (EBs), in which all three germ layers develop and interact. As ES cells from humans become available there is increasing interest in the potential for EBs to provide an unlimited supply of stem cells for somatic transplantation therapies. Realisation of this potential will require greater understanding of the molecular determinants of cell fate within EBs. Also, culture techniques for selective expansion of cell lineages of interest will reduce the risks associated with transplantation of EB-derived cells. In this paper the kinetics of expression of mRNA and protein for early mesoderm markers within EBs is reported. In addition, a three-step culture system incorporating co-cultivation on the bone marrow derived stromal cell line, MC3T3-G2/PA6 (PA6), is explored as a way to select for haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and against undifferentiated ES cells. A system like this could enhance purification of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from ES cells for bone marrow transplantation.