gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of sevoflurane exposure effects at the different brain regions (2020)

Abstract Backgrounds Sevoflurane is a most frequently used volatile anaesthetics, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. We hypothesized that specific genes play regulatory roles in whole brain exposed to sevoflurane. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane inhalation and identify potential regulatory genes by RNA-seq analysis. Methods Eight-week old mice were exposed to sevoflurane. RNA from four medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were analysed using RNA-seq. Differently expressed genes were extracted. Their gene ontology terms and the transcriptome array data of the cerebral cortex of sleeping mice were analysed using Metascape, and the gene expression patterns were compared. Finally, the activities of transcription factors were evaluated using a weighted parametric gene set analysis (wPGSA). JASPAR was used to confirm the existence of binding motifs in the upstream sequences of the differently expressed genes. Results The gene ontology term enrichment analysis result suggests that sevoflurane inhalation upregulated angiogenesis and downregulated neural differentiation in the whole brain. The comparison with the brains of sleeping mice showed that the gene expression changes were specific to anaesthetized mice. Sevoflurane induced Klf4 upregulation in the whole brain. The transcriptional analysis result suggests that KLF4 is a potential transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis and neural development. Conclusions Klf4 was upregulated by sevoflurane inhalation in whole brain. KLF4 might promote angiogenesis and cause the appearance of undifferentiated neural cells by transcriptional regulation. The roles of KLF4 might be key to elucidating the mechanisms of sevoflurane induced functional modification in the brain.
Impairment on a self-ordered working memory task in patients with early-acquired hippocampal atrophy (2016)

One of the features of both adult-onset and developmental forms of amnesia resulting from bilateral medial temporal lobe damage, or even from relatively selective damage to the hippocampus, is the sparing of working memory. Recently, however, a number of studies have reported deficits on working memory tasks in patients with damage to the hippocampus and in macaque monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions. These studies suggest that successful performance on working memory tasks with high memory load require the contribution of the hippocampus. Here we compared performance on a working memory task (the Self-ordered Pointing Task), between patients with early onset hippocampal damage and a group of healthy controls. Consistent with the findings in the monkeys with neonatal lesions, we found that the patients were impaired on the task, but only on blocks of trials with intermediate memory load. Importantly, only intermediate to high memory load blocks yielded significant correlations between task performance and hippocampal volume. Additionally, we found no evidence of proactive interference in either group, and no evidence of an effect of time since injury on performance. We discuss the role of the hippocampus and its interactions with the prefrontal cortex in serving working memory.
Developing Public Policy To Advance The Use Of Big Data In Health Care (2014)

The vast amount of health data generated and stored around the world each day offers significant opportunities for advances such as the real-time tracking of diseases, predicting disease outbreaks, and developing health care that is truly personalized. However, capturing, analyzing, and sharing health data is difficult, expensive, and controversial. This article explores four central questions that policy makers should consider when developing public policy for the use of “big data” in health care. We discuss what aspects of big data are most relevant for health care and present a taxonomy of data types and levels of access. We suggest that successful policies require clear objectives and provide examples, discuss barriers to achieving policy objectives based on a recent policy experiment in the United Kingdom, and propose levers that policy makers should consider using to advance data sharing. We argue that the case for data sharing can be won only by providing real-life examples of the ways in which it can improve health care.
Mycobacteria-host interactions in human bronchiolar airway organoids (2020)

Abstract Tuberculosis, one of the oldest human pathogens remains a major global health threat. Recent advances in organoid technology offer a unique opportunity to grow different human “organs” in vitro , including the human airway, that faithfully recapitulate tissue architecture and function. We have explored the potential of human airway organoids (AOs) as a novel system in which to model tuberculosis infection. To this end, we adapted biosafety containment level 3–approved procedures to allow successful microinjection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis, into AOs. We reveal that mycobacteria infected epithelial cells with low efficiency, and that the organoid microenvironment was able to control, but not eliminate the pathogen. We demonstrate that AOs responded to infection by inducing cytokine and antimicrobial peptide production, and inhibiting mucins. Given the importance of myeloid cells in tuberculosis infection, we co-cultured mycobacteria-infected organoids with human monocyte-derived macrophages, and found that these cells were recruited to the organoid epithelium. We conclude that adult stem cell–derived airway organoids can be used to model early events of tuberculosis infection and offer new avenues for fundamental and therapeutic research.
5‐hydroxytryptamine and depression: a model for the interaction of normal variance with pathology. (1983)

1 Theories linking 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with depression are briefly reviewed. The various experimental strategies adopted to investigate this relationship, examination of autopsy data, CSF metabolite data, 5-HT re-uptake patterns in human blood platelets and imipramine binding studies in human platelets, are discussed. 2 Recent studies of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid have revealed a linkage between low 5-HIAA levels and suicide, aggression and impulsivity. Decreases in the number of imipramine binding sites have also been found in brains of suicide victims. 3 The available data lead to the conclusion that decreased 5-hydroxytryptaminergic function may be associated with an increased risk of depression, suicide, and some types of aggression.
Design and analysis for ZVS forward-flyback DC-DC converter (2011)

This paper presents a ZVS forward-flyback DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. The converter operates at boundary mode or discontinuous mode to achieve ZVS. Variable frequency with constant off time is used for reducing core losses of the transformer, achieving high efficiency. Meanwhile, power distribution between forward and flyback is discussed as well. Finally, a 200W prototype (22Vdc-50Vdc input, 230Vdc output) is built to evaluate the performance.
Quantification of the curvature and shape of the interventricular septum (2004)

The interventricular septum (IVS) occupies a unique position within the heart, lying between the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular cavities. Changes in its normal geometry may signify not only abnormalities of the septal myocardium, but also abnormal pressure differences between the LV and RV. Flattening of the IVS has been noted with cross-sectional imaging in association with pulmonary hypertension, but the septal curvature and shape have not previously been measured in three dimensions. This paper describes a method to model the RV surface of the IVS from spatially registered cross-sectional images for measurements of curvature. A smoothing 2D spline surface is constructed through the RV septal surface at regular times during the cardiac cycle, and the principal curvatures, as well as the Gaussian and mean curvatures, shape index, and curvedness, are calculated. Vector and color surface maps and graphs of average curvature and shape indices are constructed. Consistent curvature patterns were observed in four normal subjects. This method of measuring septal geometry can provide potentially useful new information on the effects of RV disease. We examine the problem of describing septal motion, and describe a simple measure of septal curvature that may be of clinical value.
Quantification of Indoor Air Pollution from Using Cookstoves and Estimation of Its Health Effects on Adult Women in Northwest Bangladesh (2012)

A longitudinal stove intervention study was conducted in Northwest Bangladesh between August 2005 and June 2009 to quantify the reduction of indoor air pollution from a Bangladeshi manufactured and commercialized cookstove (the BCSIR improved stove). In the post-intervention phase of the study, the indoor particulate matter (PM) size distribution and chemical composition, as well as carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, were characterized in 40 kitchens, 50% with the BCSIR improved stoves and 50% with traditional stoves. The TSI DustTrak, P-TRAK and Q-TRAK Plus, along with the UCB Particle Monitor and the Onset HOBO, were simultaneously deployed to continuously characterize Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM). Detailed chemical composition was quantified from X-Ray Flouroscence and Carbon Analyzer. Median 24-hr concentrations for CO and PM2.5 were 2.5 mg/m3 and 1.8 mg/m3, respectively, for the unimproved mud stove kitchens and were 2.0 mg/m3 and 0.73 mg/m3, respectively, for the BCSIR improved stove kitchens. These differences were equivalent to 23% and 59% reduction of CO and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. The cook’s daily exposure was estimated from these measurements to assess health impacts. Ultrafine particle number concentrations were 15,000 ± 7,200 pt/cm3 during non-cooking periods and 75,000 ± 31,000 pt/cm3 during cooking periods. Of the chemical composition of the PM2.5 emitted from cooking, 59–60% was organic matter and 29–30% was elemental carbon. The predominant chemical species were elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), chlorine, and potassium. These results demonstrate possible reduction of PM and CO from cooking with improved stoves in rural areas in Bangladesh where solid fuels are used for cooking.
Phase III trial of modulation of cisplatin/fluorouracil chemotherapy by interferon alfa-2b in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Head and Neck Interferon Cooperative Study Group. (1998)

Modulation of CDDP and 5-FU with IFNalpha as used in this study does not improve the RR or the median survival in patients with RMHNC. Patients on both study arms had a poor prognosis, which indicates the need for novel therapies.
BART: version 0.2.04 (2014)

The Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) is a framework for image reconstruction in Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI). It consists of a programming library and a toolbox of command-line programs. The library provides common operations on multi-dimensional arrays, Fourier and wavelet transforms, as well as generic implementations of iterative optimization algorithms. The command-line tools provide direct access to basic operations on multi-dimensional arrays as well as efficient implementations of many calibration and reconstruction algorithms for MRI.
College Counselors’ Perceptions and Practices Regarding Anticipatory Guidance on Firearms (2009)

University personnel are likely to refer students with suspected mental health problems to university counseling centers. The findings indicate that few counseling centers will address firearm issues with students.
SHORT NOTICES (1999)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Edited by DAVID J. A. CLINES. Volume IV. Pp. 642. Sheffield Academic Press, 1998. ISBN 1 85975 681 3. £75/$123.50- J.C.L GIBSON J.C.L GIBSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 50, Issue 2, October 1999, Pages 849-b–850, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/50.2.849-b Published: 01 October 1999
Beeldenstorm in de Geneeskunde (2006)

De Dikke van Dale|1 kent aan het woord \\xe2\\x80\\x9cBeeldenstorm\\xe2\\x80\\x9d twee gangbare betekenissen \\ntoe. De beeldenstorm is met name bekend als een belangrijk moment in onze \\nvaderlandse geschiedenis, en refereert aan de \\xe2\\x80\\x9ccalvinistische volksbeweging in 1566, \\nvooral in Vlaanderen en Brabant, tegen het vereren van beelden in kerken\\xe2\\x80\\x9d. Deze \\nbeeldenstorm ging gepaard met \\xe2\\x80\\x9cgewelddadige vernieling en verwoesting van \\nbeelden, schilderijen en andere kostbaarheden en kunstwerken in kerken\\xe2\\x80\\x9d. Hoewel \\ner ook zeker politieke en sociale oorzaken aan de beeldenstorm ten grondslag lagen, \\nwaren de motieven voor de beeldenstorm dus met name van ide\\xc3\\xable, religieuze aard. \\nDe volksbeweging zette zich af tegen de verering van beelden, en de protserige \\nrijkdom van de Rooms-katholieke kerk. De gevolgen van de beeldenstorm waren voor \\nde Nederlanden verstrekkend. De gebeurtenissen leidden ertoe dat Filips II de hertog \\nvan Alva naar de Nederlanden stuurde, om een strafexpeditie uit te voeren, er het \\nkatholieke geloof op te leggen, en het bestuur te centraliseren. Weerstand tegen dit \\nregime leidde tot de tachtigjarige oorlog. Indirect kan de beeldenstorm dus worden \\ngezien als aanleiding voor de tachtigjarige oorlog. \\n\\nHet zich afzetten tegen de gevestigde orde vinden we terug in de tweede betekenis \\ndie de Dikke van Dale aan het woord \\xe2\\x80\\x9cbeeldenstorm\\xe2\\x80\\x9d toekent: \\xe2\\x80\\x9cBestrijding van geijkte \\ninstellingen, conventies, gevestigde opvattingen\\xe2\\x80\\x9d. Met deze rede sluit ik me graag aan \\nbij deze tweede, figuurlijke betekenis van het woord beeldenstorm. Want het zijn met \\nname beelden die de geneeskunde de laatste eeuwen ingrijpend hebben veranderd. \\nEn het zijn met name beelden die tot belangrijke nieuwe inzichten hebben geleid, \\nzowel op het gebied van de menselijke anatomie en fysiologie, als in het begrip van \\nziekteprocessen. Dit is niet zo verwonderlijk, gezien de kracht van het beeld. We \\nkennen niet voor niets de uitdrukking: \\xe2\\x80\\x9cEerst zien, dan geloven\\xe2\\x80\\x9d. We leren door te zien. \\nEr bestaat geen krachtiger middel om gevestigde opinies te bestrijden dan beelden \\nte tonen die met deze opinies in strijd zijn. En er bestaat geen krachtiger middel om \\nnieuwe inzichten te verwerven in een systeem dan door de processen die zich in het \\nsysteem afspelen af te beelden. Zo ook in de geneeskunde.
Research and Investigations (2015)

With the skills gleaned from the chapter on using WHOIS, we take a much deeper look at Internet records by disassembling them from the perspective of an investigator. By starting with the soft example of a legitimate website, we deconstruct all the details of a WHOIS record and validate each one with secondary sources. Using the same techniques, and additional ones, we perform the same procedure on spammed, illicit, and virus sites. The chapter closes with additional tools and policy problems that make investigations more difficult.
Optimization of silicon solar cell design for use under concentrated sunlight (1977)

For efficient operation under concentrated sunlight, solar cells must be optimized in terms of the collection efficiency and series resistance. At low concentrations, collection efficiency is more important, however, series resistance becomes increasingly important at high intensities ultimately limiting the device output. At a given intensity a tradeoff between these properties results in optimum performance. The computations includes losses from recombination, series resistance, contact coverage, and reflection. There are nine design parameters that were optimized; junction depth, thickness of anti-reflecting coating, width of grid strips, width of contact strips, separation of grid strips, length of grid strips, wafer thickness, and doping concentration of both sides of the junction. An optimization computer program was used to find the optimum design by employing a sequential search technique. An example is given for the optimum design of a silicon solar cell operating under an incident intensity of 9 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with active and total area efficiencies of 12.8 and 11.6 percent. Active area efficiencies as high as 17.8 percent are possible but with lower total area efficiencies. The effect of each of the nine parameters on device performance is presented. The theory was confirmed by fabricating and testing experimental devices. When corrected for temperature, the theory accurately predicts device performance to intensities of 50 suns (5.2 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Design of UAV distributed aided navigation simulation system based on scene/terrain matching (2017)

Aiming at the demand of UAV navigation when GPS fails, an integrated navigation simulation system based on scene/terrain matching is designed. The system supports a variety of matching algorithms or algorithm combinations to implement different inertial navigation correction models in complex terrain conditions. A distributed closed loop simulation platform is built to simulate the real flight environment to study the influence of different flight conditions and algorithms on navigation accuracy. The simulation results show that the system can effectively achieve the simulation requirement, which has a high practical application value.
Low power high speed I/O interfaces in 0.18 μm CMOS (2004)

The design and implementation of a low power high speed differential signaling input/output (I/O) interface in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented. The motivations for smaller signal swings in transmission are discussed. The prototype chip supports 4 Gbps data rate with less than 10 mA current at 1.8 V supply according to Cadence Spectre post-layout simulations. Performance comparisons between the proposed device and other signaling technologies reported recently are given.
What Makes a Great Resident Teacher? A Multicenter Survey of Medical Students Attending an Internal Medicine Conference (2014)

This multicenter survey provides insight into the perceptions of medical students interested in internal medicine on the techniques and qualities that characterize successful resident teachers. The findings may be useful in the future development of resident-as-teacher curricula.
Transmission Characteristics of Gaussian Monocycle Pulses for Inter-Chip Wireless Interconnections Using Integrated Antennas (2005)

Performance of integrated dipole antennas on Si substrates was investigated for inter-chip signal transmission in wireless interconnections for Si ultra-large scale integrated circuits (ULSI). Linear dipole antennas 4 mm long were fabricated on P-type Si substrates with a resistivity of 10 Ω·cm in an inter-chip stacked structure. Inter-chip antenna transmission gains were measured for the dipole antennas at a vertical distance of 2.86 mm and a horizontal distance of 3 mm when Si substrates with a resistivity of 2.29 kΩ·cm were inserted. A transmission gain of -30 dB and no dependence on vertical distance were observed. Gaussian monocycle pulses with a pulse width of 70 psec could be transmitted successfully in the inter-chip stacked structure. Antenna transmission gain and peak-to-peak voltage between Si chips were improved using a high resistivity Si substrate.
Complementary Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen Using In2O3 Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We report complementary detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using n-type In2O3 nanowires and p-type carbon nanotubes. Our innovation involves developing an approach to covalently attach antibodies to In2O3 NW surfaces via the onsite surface synthesis of phosphonic acid-succinylimide ester. Electronic measurements under dry conditions revealed complementary response for In2O3 NW and SWNT devices after the binding of PSA. Real-time detection in solution has also been demonstrated for PSA down to 5 ng/mL, a benchmark concentration significant for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer.
SENSITIVITY OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA TO AMINOFLAVONE: ROLE OF CYP1A1 (2004)

AF has noteworthy antitumor activity against certain human tumor renal cell lines in vitro and in vivo, which correlates with drug metabolism to covalently binding metabolites after CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression. We hypothesize that it leads to apoptosis induction. AF sensitive renal cell strains are predominantly of the papillary histological type. These results are limited by the small numbers of cell lines and cell strains but they are suggestive of the need for further testing in larger collections of cell strains.
Effect of longitudinal oxygen gradients on effectiveness of manipulation of tumor oxygenation. (2003)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that longitudinal O(2) gradients in tumor affect response to manipulation of oxygenation. Previously we showed that pO(2) is higher on the fascial than the tumor surface of the R3230Ac rat mammary carcinoma when growing in a dorsal skin-fold window chamber, reflecting a longitudinal oxygen gradient. Magnetic resonance angiography verified prior results: the fascial surface has arterioles and higher vascular density than tumor; and the tumor surface has no arterioles. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging was used to measure each surface hypoxic percentage (HP; percentage of pixels < 10 mm Hg) before and after administration of mannitol or glucose (1 g/kg, i.v.) followed by O(2) breathing. The fascial surface had a smaller HP (median = 2.72%) than tumor (median = 27.94%; P = 0.0002) at baseline. HP on the fascial surface was positively correlated with HP on the tumor surface (P = 0.0067). HP decreased on the fascial surface after either sugar + O(2) (mannitol P = 0.03; glucose P = 0.06; combined P = 0.002), but HP did not change on the tumor surface. Therefore, the tumor surface is refractory to improvement in pO(2) with this method. Additional refinements may be needed to improve pO(2) of analogous regions in larger tumors; mechanism-driven suggestions are provided.
Nutritional Support of the Severe Head‐Injured Patient (1991)

The severe head‐injured patient represents a unique nutritional challenge for clinicians involved in their care. These patients are often hypermetabolic and hyper‐catabolic, resulting in the need for calorie‐ and protein‐dense feedings. Given the hormonal, metabolic, and fluid and electrolyte abnormalities that often accompany this injury, designing an optimal feeding regimen to meet these needs is difficult. A variety of feeding modalities have been studied. Total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric tube feedings are usually initiated when the patient is hemodynamically stable. Nasogastric tube feedings may be poorly tolerated. Small bowel feedings may improve tube feeding tolerance and allow the earlier initiation of enteral nutrition support. This case report describes the clinical course and nutritional support of a severe head‐injured patient.