gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMBULATORY SURGERY TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION: WHERE’S IT HAPPENING AND HOW MUCH CAN WE SAVE? (2020)

Background: Benefits of ambulatory surgery include more efficient operations, lower cost, and patient preference. The national frequency of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children has increased three-fold compared other pediatric orthopaedic procedures, a trend that is likely attributable to an increased rate of ACL tears associated with year-round training and competition in young athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose: The goal of this study was to utilize the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to analyze the national trends towards ambulatory surgery for ACL reconstruction procedures and quantify the cost savings associated with the trend. Methods: The PHIS database was queried using Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Disease (ICD-9 and 10) codes for ACL reconstruction from 2009-2017. Patient information including gender, age at surgery, region (Northeast, South, Midwest, West) and hospital cost data for each procedure was collected. Cases were classified as ambulatory or non-ambulatory (inpatient or observation). Annual rates of ambulatory surgery were calculated for each procedure regionally for hospitals with cases included in each year of the query. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was used to adjust procedural costs for inflation. Ambulatory and non-ambulatory costs were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Trends in rates of ambulatory surgery were compared using joinpoint regression and annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 21,582 cases of ACL Reconstruction were identified from 33 different children’s hospitals from 2009-2017. More than half (50.3%) of the patients were female, and the average age at surgery was 15.4 years (± 2.1 years). The overall rate of ambulatory pediatric ACL reconstructions across the United States increased by 14.7% (APC 1.6%, 95% C.I. 0.8-2.4, p&lt;0.01) from 2009 to 2017. Overall, this trend was most significant in the West (APC 2.0%, 95% C.I. 1.2-2.7, p&lt;0.01), however in more recent years (2012-2017), there has been a similar significant increase in ambulatory pediatric ACL reconstruction in the South (APC 3.0%, 95% C.I. 1.7-4.3, p&lt;0.01). The mean difference in median procedural cost between ambulatory and non-ambulatory ACL reconstructions was $3,145 ($13,866 vs. $10,721, p&lt;0.01). This corresponds to national annual savings of 4.1% associated with the shift towards ambulatory surgery. Conclusions: From 2009-2017, there was a national trend towards performing pediatric ACL reconstruction in the ambulatory setting, which was accompanied by an annual 4.1% procedural cost savings. The feasibility of ambulatory surgery for other common pediatric orthopaedic surgeries should be explored in order to reduce healthcare costs. [Figure: see text]
Electrospinning of Fluorinated Polymers: Formation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2006)

Abstract Summary: Superhydrophobic surfaces are generated by a simple one‐step method of electrospinning of fluorinated homopolymers and copolymers of PFS. The hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity can be changed by simply changing the surface morphology, which is possible by changing the electrospinning conditions. The appropriate combination of surface morphology and fluorinated materials led to the formation of super‐water‐resistant coatings showing the ‘water‐roll’ effect at an angle of 0°, i.e. placement of water droplets on such surfaces was not possible as they immediately rolled away. The effect is compared with the corresponding nonfluorinated PS and found to be clearly distinct in terms of water‐roll effect. Incorporation of about 30 mol‐% PFS onto the PS backbone could also convert hydrophobic PS surfaces to superhydrophobic surfaces. The effect is generalized by also using a new fluorinated poly( p ‐xylylene) derivative. The molecular weight of the polymers has no noticeable effect on hydrophobicity/superhydrophobicity behavior. SEM micrographs PFS–styrene copolymer, 10% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v); 5% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v) and homo‐PPFS &lt; 2% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v). magnified image SEM micrographs PFS–styrene copolymer, 10% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v); 5% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v) and homo‐PPFS &lt; 2% solution in THF:DMF (1:1 v/v).
Deadlock-free wormhole routing algorithms for star graph topology (1995)

For constructing massively parallel multicomputers with over 5000 processing nodes, the star graph topology is known to be better than the hypercube in terms of the average routing distance, the number of links per node, and the fault diameter. The authors present two deadlock-free algorithms for routing in star graph, assuming the wormhole routing model. Both the algorithms use the concept of virtual channels introduced by W. Dally and C.L. Seitz (1987). The first algorithm is non-optimal in terms of the average routing distance, but uses fewer virtual channels on the whole. The second algorithm is optimal in terms of routing performance, but requires a somewhat larger number of virtual channels per node.
Memristive circuits simulate memcapacitors and meminductors (2010)

Electronic circuits with memristors (resistors with memory) that operate as memcapacitors (capacitors with memory) and meminductors (inductors with memory) are proposed. Using a memristor emulator, the suggested circuits have been built and their operation has been demonstrated, showing a useful and interesting connection between the three memory elements.
Thermage: Monopolar radiofrequency (2005)

Monopolar radiofrequency treatment may be appropriate for patients who desire skin tightening but will not tolerate surgery and/or downtime. Patients generally can expect a 5% to 20% improvement, but results in any particular group are unpredictable. Key to this treatment is providing patients with detailed information to ensure that expectations are realistic.
A Fast Skew Correction Technique for Camera Captured Business Card Images (2009)

Performance of an optical character recognition engine may be affected if the images are skewed and distorted due to perspective projection. In this paper, a computationally efficient skew correction technique has been presented for extracted text regions from business card images. The skew angle is estimated by analyzing the bottom and/or top profiles (height/depth from a horizontal base line) of a text region. After rejecting some of the profile elements based on mean and mean deviation, three reference profile elements are chosen from which we get three skew angles. The average is considered as the computed skew angle. Besides being faster, it has an applicable accuracy and the effect of perspective distortion is made normalized. It is observed from the experiment that the average deviation of the skew corrected text lines, from the ground truth data, is within ±3 degree while the average processing time is between 17-110 milliseconds for 0.45-3.0 mega pixel images.
The Sparse Manifold Transform (2018)

We present a signal representation framework called the sparse manifold transform that combines key ideas from sparse coding, manifold learning, and slow feature analysis. It turns non-linear transformations in the primary sensory signal space into linear interpolations in a representational embedding space while maintaining approximate invertibility. The sparse manifold transform is an unsupervised and generative framework that explicitly and simultaneously models the sparse discreteness and low-dimensional manifold structure found in natural scenes. When stacked, it also models hierarchical composition. We provide a theoretical description of the transform and demonstrate properties of the learned representation on both synthetic data and natural videos.
Artificial diets for rearing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (2001)

Colorado potato beetles have been reared successfully through 12 generations on artificial diets containing either 2.5% potato leaf powder or 2.5% lettuce leaf powder/0.75% potato leaf powder. For all but one of the treatment groups, the mean duration of each of the four larval stages was between 0.8 and 1.5 days longer than the durations exhibited by control beetles that had been fed on potato leaves. Maximum weights of prepupae, newly emerged adults and day 5-9 adults were approximately 78, 80 and 82%, respectively, of the weights for comparable stages of control beetles. Mean percent mortality for 1(st) instars was two to six times higher for artificial diet-fed CPBs than for leaf-fed beetles. However, since pupal mortality was four times higher for control beetles than for beetles reared on artificial diet, mean percent total mortality (newly hatched through the 9 day old adult) was equivalent for leaf-fed beetles and for later generations of potato and Lettuce+Potato diet-fed CPBs. Hemolymph ecdysteroid levels and fluctuations in mature 4th instar larvae and prepupae were similar in controls and experimental groups. Number of hatchlings produced per adult pair per day (fertility) was approximately eight times greater in control beetles than in later generations of artificial diet-fed beetles, primarily because fewer egg masses were laid per day, percent hatch was lower and cannibalism of eggs was higher in these latter groups. Interestingly, the mean percent hatch, although only 68% of the control value, was 1.5 times greater for beetles reared on diet containing lettuce-leaf powder, and a small percentage of potato leaf powder, than on diet containing only potato leaf powder. Percent hatch was equal for beetles fed on diet containing only lettuce-leaf powder and those fed on potato leaves. Finally, it is noteworthy that the quality of eggs, as judged by the ability of the wasp parasitoid, Edovum puttleri, to parasitize and develop in the eggs, was similar for eggs produced by control beetles and for those produced by beetles fed on potato and Lettuce+Potato diets. The diets and rearing system described here will be useful for providing beetles on a year-round basis for experiments designed to evaluate the effects of potential insect control agents, to investigate the mechanism(s) by which insects become resistant to control agents and for other applied and fundamental studies related to the control of this serious pest. The use of lettuce leaf powder in place of most of the potato leaf powder is especially advantageous because of the much reduced cost and greater availability of lettuce as compared to potato leaves.
Synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous materials from a layered polysilicate (1993)

The ion exchange reaction of interlayer Na+ ions of a layered polysilicate kanemite with alkyltrimetnylammonium ions, followed by calcination, gives highly ordered mesoporous materials with a hexagonal array of uniform channels.
BION/sup TM/. Bionic neurons for functional and therapeutic electrical stimulation (2002)

The goal of this project is to develop complete clinical systems for the application of functional electrical stimulation to alleviate disabilities and morbidity associated with musculoskeletal paralysis and atrophy. Over the past 8 years, the authors have designed, built and successfully tested in animals the first device in a new class of implantable electronic interfaces with nerve and muscle. BIONs are hermetically encapsulated, leadless electrical devices that are small enough to be injected percutaneously into muscles (2 mm diameter by 15 mm long). They receive their power and digital addressing and command signals from an external transmitter coil that can be worn by or placed under the patient. The authors have designed and built a family of accessory items required for clinical trials, including sterile testing and insertion tools and a bedside control unit so that clinicians can program various patterns of therapeutic stimulation to build strength and bulk in hypotrophic muscles, e.g. following stroke, spinal cord injury, major trauma and orthopedic reconstructions. Other potential applications include urinary incontinence, prevention of deep vein thrombosis and alleviation of chronic pain. Functional recovery of limb movement requires feedback signals about ongoing movement, for which the authors are developing second-generation BIONs that provide outgoing telemetry of such data.
Matching and Sorting in Online Dating (2010)

Using data on user attributes and interactions from an online dating site, we estimate mate preferences, and use the Gale-Shapley algorithm to predict stable matches. The predicted matches are similar to the actual matches achieved by the dating site, and the actual matches are approximately efficient. Out-of-sample predictions of offline matches, i.e., marriages, exhibit assortative mating patterns similar to those observed in actual marriages. Thus, mate preferences, without resort to search frictions, can generate sorting in marriages. However, we underpredict some of the correlation patterns; search frictions may play a role in explaining the discrepancy. (JEL C78, J12)
Determining thermal diffuse scattering of vanadium with x-ray transmission scattering (2006)

In this work, we have proposed a fitting model to evaluate thermal diffuse scattering in the case of high energy incident x ray with Laue transmission scattering, applicable in future studies on samples at high pressure in a diamond anvil cell. We show that the fitting model including a Voigt function and a lattice contribution can account for the measured data. Phonon dispersion curves extracted in this way are consistent with data collected previously by other methods.
Analysis of task-based functional MRI data preprocessed with fMRIPrep (2019)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a standard tool to investigate the neural correlates of cognition. fMRI noninvasively measures brain activity, allowing identification of patterns evoked by tasks performed during scanning. Despite the long history of this technique, the idiosyncrasies of each dataset have led to the use of ad-hoc preprocessing protocols customized for nearly every different study. This approach is time-consuming, error-prone, and unsuitable for combining datasets from many sources. Here we showcase fMRIPrep ( http://fmriprep.org ), a robust tool to prepare human fMRI data for statistical analysis. This software instrument addresses the reproducibility concerns of the established protocols for fMRI preprocessing. By leveraging the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) to standardize both the input datasets —MRI data as stored by the scanner— and the outputs —data ready for modeling and analysis—, fMRIPrep is capable of preprocessing a diversity of datasets without manual intervention. In support of the growing popularity of fMRIPrep , this protocol describes how to integrate the tool in a task-based fMRI investigation workflow.
Stochastic Network Motif Detection in Social Media (2011)

Network motifs refer to recurrent patterns of interconnections which are found to be over-represented in real networks when compared with random ones. Such basic building blocks can well characterize the structure of complex networks. Extending the building blocks to stochastic ones allows for more robust motif detection networks which are stochastic in nature. Network motif analysis, commonly adopted in bioinformatics, has recently been applied to also online social media. In this paper, we propose to detect stochastic network motifs in social media with the conjecture that social interactions are of stochastic nature. In particular, we apply a stochastic motif detection algorithm based on the finite mixture model to both synthesized datasets and real on-line datasets to evaluate the effectiveness. Also, we discuss how the obtained stochastic motifs could be interpreted and compared qualitatively with some of the results obtained from others which are recently reported in the literature.
DDIS-27. COMBINED INHIBITION OF NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (NAMPT) AND POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP) IMPAIRS GLIOBLASTOMA CELL GROWTH (2018)

Glioblastoma is aggressive with poor prognosis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is essential to maintain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism during rapid proliferation and regulates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is crucial for DNA repair. Targeting both NAMPT and PARP may represent a treatment strategy in glioblastoma. We hypothesize that the combined inhibition of NAMPT and PARP can induce synergistic cell death in tumor, while sparing significant cytotoxicity in normal astrocytes. NAMPT expression was determined in a group of six human glioblastoma cell lines and normal human astrocytes (NHA) by Western blotting. To analyze the cytotoxic effects of the treatments in tumor and normal cells, U251 and NHA cells were selected to receive FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or both drugs for 72 hours prior to the cell viability test. Various levels of NAMPT expression were demonstrated in a group of glioblastoma cell lines and NHA, where U251 showed the strongest expression. We demonstrated a significant decrease of cell viability in U251 cells that were treated with FK866 in a dose-dependent manner. A 32% reduction of cell viability was demonstrated at a dose as low as 10 nM. However, a 28% reduction of cell viability was found in NHA at the EC50 concentration for U251 cells. When tumor cells were treated with a combination of FK866 and Olaparib at their EC50 concentrations (28nM and 406nM), 72% and 50% reductions of cell viability occurred in tumor cells and NHA, respectively. The combined treatment with FK866 and Olaparib enhances cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells compared to the single-agent therapy, representing a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the toxic effects on NHA are concerning and warrant further investigations to determine a precise therapeutic window in preclinical models before the treatment is considered for clinical trials.
Amphiphilic Peptide−Polymer Conjugates Based on the Coiled-Coil Helix Bundle (2010)

Amphiphilic peptide-polymer conjugates can lead to hierarchically structured, biomolecular materials. Because the peptide structure determines the size, shape, and intermolecular interactions of these building blocks, systematic understanding of how the peptide structure and functionality are affected upon implementing hydrophobicity is required to direct their assemblies in solution and in the solid state. However, depending on the peptide sequence and native structure, previous studies have shown that the hydrophobic moieties affect peptide structures differently. Here, we present a solution study of amphiphilic peptide-polymer conjugates, where a hydrophobic polymer, polystyrene, is covalently linked to the N-terminus of a coiled-coil helix bundle-forming peptide. The effect of conjugated hydrophobic polymers on the peptide secondary and tertiary structures was examined using two types of model, coiled-coil helix bundles. In particular, the integrity of the binding pocket within the helix bundle upon hydrophobic polymer conjugation was evaluated. Upon attachment of polystyrene to the peptide N-terminus, the coiled-coil helices partially unfolded and functionality within the bundle core was inhibited. These observations are attributed to favorable interactions between hydrophobic residues with the PS block at the peptide-polymer interface that lead to rearrangement of peptide residues and consequently, unfolding of peptide structures. Thus, the hydrophobicity of the covalently linked polymers modifies the conjugates' architecture, size, and shape and may be used to tailor the assembly and disassembly process. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the covalently linked polymer needs to be taken into consideration to maintain the built-in functionalities of protein motifs when constructing amphiphilic peptide-polymer conjugates.
Acoustic wave sensors: design, sensing mechanisms and applications (1997)

Acoustic waves are currently being used in a wide range of sensor fields including physical sensing, chemical sensing and biosensing. Their implementation requires specific knowledge of materials, acoustic wave properties, device design and the sensing mechanisms involved for a wide range of applications. In this paper, the authors report on commonly used acoustic wave devices in sensor applications as well as the design techniques and fabrication processes. Sensing mechanisms and a portable sensor array system are described. The development of IC-based processes, thin-film deposition and sensitive layer fixation will allow for the integration of a total physical and chemical analysis system in the one IC package, leading to the evolution of smart sensors.
Separation of Iron Group Metal and Recovery of Neodymium Metal by Electrodeposition in Ionic Liquids (2011)

It is very important to develop the recycle process for rare earth metals from the standpoint of environmental-friendly and saving-energy. We have already demonstrated that an economic recycle process of the rare earths from the waste of neodymium-based magnets. This study in rare earths recycle process was focused on the separation of the iron group metal and the recovery of the rare earths using a novel ionic liquid. In addition, this phosphonium-based ionic liquid was adaptable as an electrodeposition media for the recycle process because this kind of ionic liquid is unique physicochemical properties such as low viscosity and high electrochemical stability. The electrochemical and the diffusive properties of the iron complex were investigated from linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The diffusion coefficient of Fe(II) was estimated to be the order of 10−11 m2 s−1 at 100°C. It was also revealed that the nucleation process of Fe(II) was proceeded on the instantaneous nucleation from Scharifker model. The overpotential of the nucleation process for Fe(II) was decreasing with elevating the bath temperature of the ionic liquid. Moreover, the selective separation of the iron metal was effectively possible for the electrodeposition at the constant potential. Furthermore, the electrodeposition in ionic liquid bath was allowed us to recover the neodymium metal at highly efficient.
Transforming the .NET intermediate language using path logic programming (2002)

Path logic programming is a modest extension of Prolog for the specification of program transformations. We give an informal introduction to this extension, and we show how it can be used in coding standard compiler optimisations, and also a number of obfuscating transformations. The object language is the Microsoft .NET intermediate language (IL).