gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cystatin A, a Potential Common Link for Mutant Myocilin Causative Glaucoma (2012)

Myocilin (MYOC) is a 504 aa secreted glycoprotein induced by stress factors in the trabecular meshwork tissue of the eye, where it was discovered. Mutations in MYOC are linked to glaucoma. The glaucoma phenotype of each of the different MYOC mutation varies, but all of them cause elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). In cells, forty percent of wild-type MYOC is cleaved by calpain II, a cysteine protease. This proteolytic process is inhibited by MYOC mutants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MYOC mutants cause glaucoma. We constructed adenoviral vectors with variants Q368X, R342K, D380N, K423E, and overexpressed them in human trabecular meshwork cells. We analyzed expression profiles with Affymetrix U133Plus2 GeneChips using wild-type and null viruses as controls. Analysis of trabecular meshwork relevant mechanisms showed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was the most affected. Search for individual candidate genes revealed that genes that have been historically connected to trabecular meshwork physiology and pathology were altered by the MYOC mutants. Some of those had known MYOC associations (MMP1, PDIA4, CALR, SFPR1) while others did not (EDN1, MGP, IGF1, TAC1). Some, were top-changed in only one mutant (LOXL1, CYP1B1, FBN1), others followed a mutant group pattern. Some of the genes were new (RAB39B, STC1, CXCL12, CSTA). In particular, one selected gene, the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA), was commonly induced by all mutants and not by the wild-type. Subsequent functional analysis of the selected gene showed that CSTA was able to reduce wild-type MYOC cleavage in primary trabecular meshwork cells while an inactive mutated CSTA was not. These findings provide a new molecular understanding of the mechanisms of MYOC-causative glaucoma and reveal CSTA, a serum biomarker for cancer, as a potential biomarker and drug for the treatment of MYOC-induced glaucoma.
Reducing branch costs via branch alignment (1994)

Several researchers have proposed algorithms for basic block reordering. We call these branch alignment algorithms. The primary emphasis of these algorithms has been on improving instruction cache locality, and the few studies concerned with branch prediction reported small or minimal improvements. As wide-issue architectures become increasingly popular the importance of reducing branch costs will increase, and branch alignment is one mechanism which can effectively reduce these costs.
Application of gradient-index fiber arrays to copying machines (1980)

A gradient-index fiber array arranged in a plurality of rows, which forms an erect image with unit magnification, is employed as a novel optical system for use in a copying machine. In this paper, the optical characteristics of the fiber array are discussed. In particular, an equation indicating the quantity of light for slit-exposure scanning is introduced. The f/No. of the N-row array is defined in a form equivalent to the f/No. of a conventional lens.
Augmentin treatment of bacterial infections in hospitalised patients. (1982)

Twenty-five hospitalised patients were evaluated after treatment with oral augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid). Ten of 14 with respiratory tract, four of eight with urinary tract and five of five with miscellaneous infections (two with osteomyelitis, two typhoid carriers and one with typhoid fever) were cured. Three of four infections caused by amoxycillin resistant bacteria were cured. The drug was well tolerated even at relatively high clavulanic acid doses up to 1.0 g/day. Augmentin is a potentially useful antibiotic combination.
Displacement Disorder Of Atoms As The Cause Of Harder-Than-Diamond Materials (2005)

(2005). Displacement Disorder Of Atoms As The Cause Of Harder-Than-Diamond Materials. Materials Research Innovations: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 85-88.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces vesicular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells (2009)

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in this process. Conversely, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active sphingolipid known to play a key role in cancer progression by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In this study, the authors found that S1P increases the level of VEGF mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and immortalized HUVECs (iHUVECs). Additionally, S1P was found to increase VEGF promoter activity in MS-1 mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cells. Furthermore, a pharmacological inhibitory study revealed that G(alpha i/o)-mediated phospholipase C, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK signaling are involved in this S1P-induced expression of VEGF. A component of AP1 transcription factor is important for S1P-induced VEGF expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that S1P enhances endothelial cell proliferation and migration by upregulating the expression of VEGF mRNA.
PPO-CMA: Proximal Policy Optimization with Covariance Matrix Adaptation (2018)

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a highly popular model-free reinforcement learning (RL) approach. However, we observe that in a continuous action space, PPO can prematurely shrink the exploration variance, which leads to slow progress and may make the algorithm prone to getting stuck in local optima. Drawing inspiration from CMA-ES, a black-box evolutionary optimization method designed for robustness in similar situations, we propose PPO-CMA, a proximal policy optimization approach that adaptively expands the exploration variance to speed up progress. With only minor changes to PPO, our algorithm considerably improves performance in Roboschool continuous control benchmarks. Our results also show that PPO-CMA, as opposed to PPO, is significantly less sensitive to the choice of hyperparameters, allowing one to use it in complex movement optimization tasks without requiring tedious tuning.
Yersinia pestis Proteomics and Vaccine Development (2010)

Pneumonic plague, caused by the gram-negative bacteria Yersinia pestis, has led to millions of human causalities during several major pandemics and has the potential to be employed as a deadly biological warfare agent. For this reason, it is vital that an effective vaccine against Y. pestis be created. Currently, a subunit vaccine exists which works by stimulating B-cells (humoral immunity), but it has failed to protect primates in aerosolized bacterial challenges. In an effort to complement the existing vaccine, an alternative vaccine strategy can use both B-cell stimulation and the targeting of T cells (cell-mediated immunity) with an antigenic peptide isolated from the bacteria. To determine what proteins may stimulate T cells, bacteria from three different strains of Y. pestis, KIM 5, KIM 6, and KIM 8, were cultured on TBA plates for four days and then in BCS liquid medium at either 26 or 37C for four hours. Subproteomic fractionation of different regions of Y. pestis cultures were obtained and examined using 2-D DIGE, size-spin filters, and mixed-mode chromatography to isolate protein fractions that may stimulate T cells. Once differential proteins are selected, future work includes determining structure by mass spectrometry, and testing for antigenic peptides on T4 and T8 T cell stimulation assays.
SCANMail: browsing and searching speech data by content (2001)

Increasing amounts of public, corporate, and private audio data are available for use, but limited in usefulness by the lack of tools to permit their browsing and search. In this paper, we describe SCANMail, a system that employs automatic speech recognition, information retrieval, information extraction, and human computer interaction technology to permit users to browse and search their voicemail messages by content through a graphical user interface interface. The SCANMail client also provides note-taking capabilities as well as browsing and querying features. A CallerId server also proposes caller names from existing caller acoustic models and is trained from user feedback. An Email server sends the original message plus its transcription to a mailing address specified in the user’s profile.
Et2AlCl-Catalyzed Cyclization of Epoxytrichloroacetimidates for the Synthesis of α-Substituted Serines (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEt2AlCl-Catalyzed Cyclization of Epoxytrichloroacetimidates for the Synthesis of α-Substituted SerinesSusumi Hatakeyama, Hiromitsu Matsumoto, Hiroko Fukuyama, Yasuko Mukugi, and Hiroshi IrieView Author Information Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7, 2275–2279Publication Date (Web):April 4, 1997Publication History Received24 September 1996Published online4 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9618278https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9618278brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views924Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Alkyls,Catalysts,Cyclization,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
The Operation of a Large Flash Chamber Neutrino Detector at Fermilab (1982)

The operation of a large flash chamber neutrino detector at Fermilab is described. The detector consists of 608 flash chambers, and 37 proportional chambers with an active area of 12'×12'. Planes of sand and steel shot are interleaved with the flash chambers and proportional chambers to provide a fine grain sampling of recoil showers. The mass of the detector is 340 tons. The calibration of the instrument for electrons and hadrons in the energy range of 5 to 125 GeV is described.
Thermal shock resistance of thick boron-doped diamond under extreme heat loads (2011)

Thick free-standing boron-doped diamonds were prepared by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition. Samples with a final thickness close to 5 mm and with lateral dimensions 25 × 25 mm were produced. The thermal shock resistance of the material was tested by exposure in the JUDITH electron gun to reproduce the conditions expected in a fusion reactor during plasma instabilities. Boron-doped diamond is shown to exhibit thermal shock resistance far better than current material of choice for a fusion reactor like tungsten, with no surface damage after exposure to 100 cycles at 2.5 GW m −2 for 5 ms.
Erste Übungen und Fragestellungen (1979)

Die Summe der Punkte eines jeden Triokersteines ist zu bestimmen. Weiche Werte kann diese Summe annehmen? (Bud 5.1)
Efficacy and Tolerability of Azithromycin versus Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid in Acute Purulent Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (1995)

An open randomized trial was conducted in 142 hospitalized and out-patients with acute purulent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis to compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of azithromycin (n = 69) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (n = 73). Azithromycin (500 mg) was administered as a single dose for three days and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin 875 mg-clavulanic acid 125 mg) was given b.i.d. for 8 days (8.16 +/- 1.18). Before therapy and 24-48 hours after the end of treatment, sputum culture (by positioning five orthodontal swabs at the opening of salivary gland ducts after a washing of the oral cavity with sterile saline solution to avoid oral contamination), chest X-rays, arterial blood gas analysis, trials of respiratory functions and routine blood tests were performed. In the azithromycin group (69 patients) the efficacy rate was 67.6% (46 patients: 34 cured and 12 improved); in 22 patients (32.4%) the treatment failed; 1 patient was not evaluated because of no follow-up. The overall efficacy rate in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group (73 patients) was 97.3% (71 patients: 60 cured and 11 improved); in 1 patient (1.4%) the treatment failed and 1 patient was a drop-out for side effects. All pathogens isolated before treatment were susceptible to the antibiotics administered. At the end of treatment microbiological efficacy was 67.1% in the azithromycin group and 98.6% in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group. The tolerability was judged good in both treatment groups. Side effects were observed in 1 patient treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (diarrhea), which imposed interruption of treatment, and in 2 patients from the azithromycin group (gastralgia and biochemical laboratory tests: renal function).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of the primary mirror segment support assemblies for the Thirty Meter Telescope (2006)

This paper describes the studies performed to establish a baseline conceptual design of the Segment Support Assembly (SSA) for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) primary mirror. The SSA uses a combination of mechanical whiffletrees for axial support, a central diaphragm for lateral support, and a whiffletree-based remote-controlled warping harness for surface figure corrections. Axial support whiffletrees are numerically optimized to minimize the resulting gravityinduced deformation. Although a classical central diaphragm solution was eventually adopted, several lateral support concepts are considered. Warping harness systems are analyzed and optimized for their effectiveness at correcting second and third order optical aberrations. Thermal deformations of the optical surface are systematically analyzed using finite element analysis. Worst-case performance of the complete system as a result of gravity loading and temperature variations is analyzed as a function of zenith angle using an integrated finite element model.
Random Fiber Micromechanics of Fatigue Damage (2013)

A finite element (FE) micromechanics modeling capability has been developed for simulating the mechanical behavior of random distributions of fibers in a periodic unit cell to predict fatigue damage in the matrix. The model has automated features that facilitate parametric studies. This includes the ability to simulate any three-dimensional macroscopically uniform state of stress and to easily generate new fiber distributions that can have variable numbers of fibers. An interphase material was introduced to explore the effect of a weak fiber/matrix interface. A damage evolution variable driven by the kinetic theory of fracture was implemented within the FE computations to predict the time evolution of damage at each material point. The spatial and time evolution of damage in the micromechanics model has been predicted for several states of composite stress. The effects of a weak fiber/matrix interphase, fiber distribution, and fiber volume fraction were explored.
Viscoelastic Property Changes of Acute Rat Brain Tissue Slices as a Function of Cell Viability (2011)

Changes in mechanical properties within brain tissues after losses in cell viability have not been well investigated. Lack of oxygen and nutrient transport can induce hypoxic neuronal injury and increase cell membrane permeability, and cell membranes and matrix components can lose their structural and mechanical integrity. These physical changes may have an effect on mechanical properties of brain tissue [1]. In this study, the viscoelastic behavior of two anatomical regions (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) in acute rat brain tissue slices were measured as a function of cell viability using indentation combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Neuronal viability in brain tissue slices was determined by measuring Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining to assay neuronal death or degeneration as a function of incubation time. OCT-measured deformation depths were compared with finite element (FE) simulations to estimate the relaxation of shear modulus. Measured equilibrium shear modulus (μ∞) after 8 hrs incubation was lower than μ∞ measured after 2 hrs incubation in the cerebral cortex (μ∞, 2hrs = 225 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 62 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ∞, 2hrs = 170 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 33 Pa). Instantaneous shear modulus (μ0) after 8 hrs incubation was also an order of magnitude lower than μ0 after 2 hrs incubation in cortex (μ0, 2hrs = 1600 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 100 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ0, 2hrs = 370 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 70 Pa). The results of this study provide a timeline for measuring mechanical properties of brain tissues ex vivo and provide better understanding of changes in brain modulus after injury or cell death.
AL amyloidosis: The effect of fluorescent in situ hybridization abnormalities on organ involvement and survival (2020)

FISH abnormalities were detected in 76% of patients. Patients with abnormal FISH trended toward lower overall survival (OS) (p=0.06) and progression free survival (PFS) (p=0.06). The two most prevalent aberrations were translocation t(11;14) (39%) and hyperdiploidy-overall (38%). Hyperdiploidy-overall was associated with worsening PFS (p=0.018) and OS (p=0.03), confirmed in multivariable analysis. Patients with del 13q most frequently had cardiac involvement (p=0.006) and was associated with increased bone marrow plasmacytosis (p=0.02). Cardiac AL patients with no FISH abnormalities had much improved OS (p=0.012) and PFS (p=0.018) CONCLUSIONS: Our findings ultimately reveal the association of hyperdiploidy on survival in AL amyloidosis patients, including the high-risk cardiac AL population.
Supplementary Data from Mitochondrial Inhibitor Atovaquone Increases Tumor Oxygenation and Inhibits Hypoxic Gene Expression in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

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An Ethernet to FireWire bridge for real-time control of the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) (2015)

In this paper, a real-time control network based on Ethernet and FireWire is presented, where Ethernet provides a convenient, cross-platform interface between a central control PC and a FireWire subnetwork that contains multiple distributed nodes (I/O boards). Real-time performance is achieved because this architecture limits the number of Ethernet transactions on the host PC, benefits from the availability of real-time Ethernet drivers, and uses the broadcast and peer-to-peer capabilities of FireWire to efficiently transfer data among the distributed nodes. This approach and resulting benefits are comparable to EtherCAT, but preserves existing investments in FireWire-based controllers and relies only on conventional, vendor-neutral network hardware and protocols. The system performance is demonstrated on the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK), which consists of 8 FireWire nodes that control 2 Master Tool Manipulators (MTMs) and 2 Patient Side Manipulators (PSMs), for a total of 28 axes. This approach is generally applicable to interface existing FireWire-based systems to new control PCs via Ethernet or to serve as an open-source alternative to EtherCAT for new designs.
Genetic polymorphisms of hormone-related genes and prostate cancer risk in the Japanese population. (2004)

Carcinogenesis of the prostate involves androgen influences, and associations between genetic polymorphisms of androgen receptor and metabolizing enzymes and prostate cancer risk have been reported. Roles for non-androgenic hormones are not well defined, but they also may have an impact judging from epidemiological and animal experimental alphalambda zeta of data. The purpose of the study was to determine whether hormone-related polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk. A case-control study was performed with 147 Japanese prostate cancer patients and 266 urological controls. Polymorphisms of target genes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1, Leu432Val; debrisoquine hydroxylase, (CYP2D6)*4; aromatase (CYP19), Arg264Cys; estrogen receptor (ER)alpha-Xx (Xba I) and Pp (Pvu II); ERbeta-Rr (Rsa I); progesterone receptor (PR) Alu in intron 7] were examined by PCR-based methods. The capital and small letters signify the absence and presence of restriction sites, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted for age using multiple logistic regression analysis with SPSS Medical Pack. Among the seven examined genetic polymorphisms, significant associations between CYP1B1 Leu432Val (OR 4.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-19.05) and Alu in intron 7 of PR (OR 4.17; 95%CI, 1.26-13.85) were found. As for combined effects, the CYP1B1 polymorphisms (Leu/Val+Val/Val) together with heterozygosity for Alu in the PR were more frequent among prostate cancer patients (1.45%) than controls (0.41%), although without significance (OR, 3.99; 95%CI, 0.36-44.8). The combination of ERalpha (P/p+p/p) polymorphisms with heterozygosity for Alu in the PR demonstrated an OR of 4.56 (95%CI, 1.01-20.6). This pilot study showed that CYP1B1 and PR polymorphisms, alone or in combination, might be associated with prostate cancer risk. They might, therefore, have potential as a tool for identifying high-risk individuals.
ROLE OF ANIMATION IN TEACHWARE FOR CONTROL ENGINEERING - A CASE STUDY (2003)

Abstract: The paper identifies three main objectives supported by animation in developing teachware for Control Engineering: complementary information for simulation experiments, substitute for expensive hardware and demos for help on-line. Brief details are given with respect to the software technologies that allow approaching each of the three objectives. Concrete aspects pertaining to these technologies are illustrated by means of the numerous facilities available in the recently created Petri Net Toolbox for MATLAB.
The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design (2020)

GRECCO-19 trial aims to identify whether colchicine may positively intervene in the clinical course of COVID-19. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326790).