gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speed of Dasher and Scraper as Affecting the Quality of Ice Cream and Sherbet (1931)

The texture of ice cream is largely determined by the structure of the ice crystals constituting the body or bulk of ice cream and the air spaces separating these crystals. The smoothness of ice depends upon controlling the crystal and air cell formation. Factors entering into the control of crystal and air cell structure may be classified into two general groups: First, ingredient factors (2, 5); and second, processing factors. It is with a phase of this second group of factors that these experiments deal.
Parallel Driving for Fast Quantum Computing Under Speed Limits (2023)

Increasing quantum circuit fidelity requires an efficient instruction set to avoid errors from decoherence. The choice of a two-qubit (2Q) hardware basis gate depends on a quantum modulator's native Hamiltonian interactions and applied control drives. In this paper, we propose a collaborative design approach to select the best ratio of drive parameters that determine the best basis gate for a particular modulator. This requires considering the theoretical computing power of the gate along with the practical speed limit of that gate, given the modulator drive parameters. The practical speed limit arises from the couplers' tolerance for strong driving when one or more pumps is applied, for which some combinations can result in higher overall speed limits than others. Moreover, as this 2Q basis gate is typically applied multiple times in succession, interleaved by 1Q gates applied directly to the qubits, the speed of the 1Q gates can become a limiting factor for the quantum circuit. We propose a parallel-drive approach that drives the modulator and qubits simultaneously, allowing a richer capability of the 2Q basis gate and in some cases for this 1Q drive time to be absorbed entirely into the 2Q operation. This allows increasingly short duration 2Q gates while mitigating a significant source of overhead in some quantum systems. On average, this approach can decrease circuit duration by 17.84% and decrease infidelity for random 2Q gates by 10.5% compared to the best basic 2Q gate, $\sqrt{\texttt{iSWAP}}$.
A Simple Hardware Buddy System Memory Allocator (1975)

The design of a simple hardware memory allocator is described, which allocates blocks of different lengths L = 2h = K, K-1,..., K-n in a memory according to the buddy system algorithm. The binary tree, representing the distribution of free and used blocks in memory is mapped into a set of shift registers. They are connected for end-around shifting and clocked with frequencies different for each register, preserving thereby the internal structure of the binary tree. A small counter, attached to each shift register in the set holds the address of the first free block and can be read out on request within 0.5 μs. A simple control unit realizes the algorithm. Having answered a request the system needs about 130 μs to compute the addresses of free blocks in a total of 511 blocks managed by the device.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal and Photochemical Behaviour of Organotetraruthenium Clusters: Solution Structures and Dynamics of Phosphine‐Substituted Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The CO substitution reactions of the title clusters (Ia), (Ib) and (II) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAMERIC CATIONS DERIVED FROM O‐AMINOBENZALDEHYDE AND THEIR UTILITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEXES OF A TETRAAZAANNULENE (1977)

Abstract o‐Aminobenzaldehyd reagiert in Acetonitrillösungen oder wäßrigen Suspensionen mit einer Reihe von Säuren zu einem Tetrameren, dem nach Röntgendaten des Trifluormethylsulfonats die Struktur (I) zuge‐ I47 ordnet wird.
Urban Feral Pigeons ( Columba livia ) as a Source for Air- and Waterborne Contamination with Enterocytozoon bieneusi Spores (2007)

This study demonstrated that a person with 30 min of occupational or nonoccupational exposure to urban feral pigeons, such as exposure through the cleaning of surfaces contaminated with pigeon excrement, could inhale approximately 3.5 x 10(3) Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores and that 1.3 x 10(3) spores could be inhaled by a nearby person.
Control of contextual memory through interneuronal α5-GABA A receptors (2022)

Abstract γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors that incorporate α5 subunits (α5-GABA A Rs) are highly enriched in the hippocampus and are strongly implicated in control of learning and memory. Receptors located on pyramidal neuron dendrites have long been considered responsible, but here we report that their selective knockout from either interneurons (α5-i-KO) or pyramidal neurons (α5-pyr-KO) interferes with the ability of the general anesthetic etomidate to suppress contextual conditioning. Using Ca 2+ imaging of CA1 pyramidal neuron activity in freely exploring mice to assess hippocampal function directly, we found that etomidate blocked the development of place cells and spatial engrams in wild type (WT) and α5-pyr-KO mice, but not in α5-i-KO mice. In addition, α5-i-KO mice developed weaker spatial engrams than WT mice under control conditions. These findings show that interneuronal α5-GABA A Rs serve a physiological role in promoting spatial learning, and that they mediate the suppression of hippocampus-dependent memory by etomidate.
Hexabromocyclododecanes Are Dehalogenated by CYP168A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain HS9 (2021)

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are widely used brominated flame retardants that cause antidiuretic hormone syndrome and even induce cancer. However, little information is available about the degradation mechanisms of HBCDs. In this study, genomic and proteomic analyses, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and gene knockout assays reveal that a cytochrome P450-encoding gene is responsible for HBCD catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS9. The CO difference spectrum of the enzyme CYP168A1 was matched to P450 characteristics via UV visibility. We demonstrate that the reactions of debromination and hydrogenation are carried out one after another based on detection of the metabolites pentabromocyclododecanols (PBCDOHs), tetrabromocyclododecadiols (TBCDDOHs), and bromide ion. In the <sup>18</sup>O isotope experiments, PBCD<sup>18</sup>OHs were only detected in the H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O group, proving that the added oxygen is derived from H<sub>2</sub>O, not from O<sub>2</sub>. This study elucidates the degradation mechanism of HBCDs by Pseudomonas. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are environmental pollutants that are widely used in industry. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel key dehalogenase, CYP168A1, that is responsible for HBCD degradation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HS9. This study provides new insights into understanding biodegradation of HBCDs.
Simple, Sensitive, and Quantitative Electrochemical Detection Method for Paper Analytical Devices (2014)

We report a new type of paper analytical device that provides quantitative electrochemical output and detects concentrations as low as 767 fM. The model analyte is labeled with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which provide 250,000-fold amplification. AgNPs eliminate the need for enzymatic amplification, thereby improving device stability and response time. The use of magnetic beads to preconcentrate the AgNPs at the detection electrode further improves sensitivity. Response time is improved by incorporation of a hollow channel, which increases the flow rate in the device by a factor of 7 and facilitates the use of magnetic beads. A key reaction necessary for label detection is made possible by the presence of a slip layer, a fluidic switch that can be actuated by manually slipping a piece of paper. The design of the device is versatile and should be useful for detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and microbes.
Innentitelbild: Shining New Light on an Old Problem: Retooling MALDI Mass Spectrometry for Organotransition‐Metal Catalysis (Angew. Chem. 2/2008) (2007)

MALDI-MS in einer Inertatmosphäre hat sich zur Identifizierung von Organometallverbindungen bewährt. D. E. Fogg und Mitarbeiter beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 309 ff., wie die Zersetzung minimiert werden kann, indem das Spektrometer an eine Handschuhbox angeschlossen und die Probe durch Ladungstransfer ionisiert wird. Neutralverbindungen wie der abgebildete Grubbs-Katalysator ergeben dabei Radikalkationen. Dass die Isotopenmuster der Metalle beobachtet werden können, steigert den Nutzen dieser Methode für die Übergangsmetallchemie.
Initiating oncogenic event determines gene-expression patterns of human breast cancer models (2002)

Molecular expression profiling of tumors initiated by transgenic overexpression of c-myc, c-neu, c-ha-ras, polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) or simian virus 40 T/t antigen (T-ag) targeted to the mouse mammary gland have identified both common and oncogene-specific events associated with tumor formation and progression. The tumors shared great similarities in their gene-expression profiles as compared with the normal mammary gland with an induction of cell-cycle regulators, metabolic regulators, zinc finger proteins, and protein tyrosine phosphatases, along with the suppression of some protein tyrosine kinases. Selection and hierarchical clustering of the most variant genes, however, resulted in separating the mouse models into three groups with distinct oncogene-specific patterns of gene expression. Such an identification of targets specified by particular oncogenes may facilitate development of lesion-specific therapeutics and preclinical testing. Moreover, similarities in gene expression between human breast cancers and the mouse models have been identified, thus providing an important component for the validation of transgenic mammary cancer models.
Récepteur du goût sucré et diabète (2017)

Récepteur du goût sucré et diabète. 6. journée de l'innovation en diabétologie
Improved diagnosis by combining structural and process knowledge (2011)

This paper presents an approach for using process knowledge in addition to structural knowledge for plant-wide diagnosis. System diagnosis based on fault-detection and fault-diagnosis often uses structural knowledge (e.g. hierarchies of sub-systems and components) to identify the root cause of faults and malfunctions. The structural knowledge describes the internal relationships of a plant and is particularly suitable for diagnosis if an assembly or component breaks down, which affects other parts of the system. However, the root cause of faults cannot always be identified based on structural knowledge alone, but information about the processes (e.g. production processes) is required in addition. Based on an integration of the VDI/VDE-guideline 3682 “Formalized process description” the authors present a method to consider process knowledge for an improved system diagnosis.
Medicinal Chemistry Focused on Mid-sized Peptides Derived from Biomolecules (2019)

Biomolecule-derived peptides are attractive research resources to develop drugs and elucidate the basic mechanisms of life phenomena. This review article focuses on two biomolecules called "neuromedin U (NMU)" and "myostatin" that are deeply involved in obesity and muscle weakness caused by modern lifestyles and aging. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study based on a biomolecule reveals the structural features required for the biological activity and gives clues leading the drug discovery process. NMU activates two types of receptors (NMUR1 and NMUR2). NMU, which is an attractive candidate for treating obesity, displays a variety of physiological actions in addition to appetite suppression. The discovery of useful receptor-selective agonists helps in elucidating the detailed roles of the respective receptors for each action and in developing therapeutic drugs based on receptor function. Hence, SAR studies focused on the amidated C-terminal heptapeptide of NMU were carried out to obtain selective agonists. Consequently, the respective hexapeptidic NMUR1 and NMUR2 agonists CPN-267 and CPN-116 were discovered. Myostatin, an endogenous negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, is a promising target for treating muscle atrophy disorders. Focused on the inactivation mechanism of mature myostatin by the myostatin precursor-derived prodomain, a core peptide (23-mer) for effective myostatin inhibition was identified from the mouse myostatin prodomain sequence. The SAR study based on this core peptide afforded a 25-fold more potent derivative (16-mer), which increased skeletal muscle mass and hindlimb grip strength. Therefore, this derivative could be a novel platform for a peptidic drug useful in the treatment of muscle atrophy.
Phytoestrogenic activity of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) leaf (2009)

Decreasing estrogene blood levels in postmenopausal women can exert a variety of adverse symptoms. One of the most critical side effects of the lack of estrogene is an imbalance in the bone-mineral turnover, leading to osteoporosis. We investigated the effect of extracts prepared from the leaves of the noni plant to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), the key enzyme in osteosynthesis, in Ishikawa (endometrial cancer) cells and in U2OS (osteosrcoma) cells. In both cells, AP is regulated via the estrogene receptor complex. Compared to 17-ß-estradiol (E2), an alcoholic extract of noni leaf showed a weak increase in AP-expression. In U2OS cells, however, an aqueous extract of noni leaf was very active in the induction of AP and even stronger than E2. Aqueous, alcoholic and hexane extracts of noni leaf were all active in the estrogene receptor replacement assay. Further experiments including animal studies and human trials are warranted to examine whether noni leaf extracts can be used to antagonize osteoporosis caused by a lack of estrogene.
Molecular Property Prediction: A Multilevel Quantum Interactions Modeling Perspective (2019)

Predicting molecular properties (e.g., atomization energy) is an essential issue in quantum chemistry, which could speed up much research progress, such as drug designing and substance discovery. Traditional studies based on density functional theory (DFT) in physics are proved to be time-consuming for predicting large number of molecules. Recently, the machine learning methods, which consider much rule-based information, have also shown potentials for this issue. However, the complex inherent quantum interactions of molecules are still largely underexplored by existing solutions. In this paper, we propose a generalizable and transferable Multilevel Graph Convolutional neural Network (MGCN) for molecular property prediction. Specifically, we represent each molecule as a graph to preserve its internal structure. Moreover, the well-designed hierarchical graph neural network directly extracts features from the conformation and spatial information followed by the multilevel interactions. As a consequence, the multilevel overall representations can be utilized to make the prediction. Extensive experiments on both datasets of equilibrium and off-equilibrium molecules demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. Furthermore, the detailed results also prove that MGCN is generalizable and transferable for the prediction.
Tetracyanoborate Salts M[B(CN)4] with M = Singly Charged Cations:  Properties and Structures (2005)

A series of tetracyanoborate salts M[B(CN)4] with the singly charged cations of Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, [NH4]+, Tl+, and Cu+ as well as the THF solvate tetracyanoborates Na[B(CN)4] x THF and [NH4][B(CN)4] x THF were synthesized and their X-ray structures, vibrational spectra, solubilities in water, and thermal stabilities determined and compared with already known M[B(CN)4] salts. Crystallographic data for these compounds are as follows: Na[B(CN)4], cubic, Fd3m, a = 11.680(1) A, Z= 8; Li[B(CN)4], cubic, P43m, a = 5.4815(1) A, Z= 1; Cu[B(CN)4], cubic, P43m, a = 5.4314(7) A, Z= 1; Rb[B(CN)4], tetragonal, /4(1)/a, a = 7.1354(2) A, c= 14.8197(6) A, Z= 4; Cs[B(CN)4], tetragonal, /4(1)/a, a = 7.300(2) A, c = 15.340(5) A, Z= 4; [NH4][B(CN)4], tetragonal, /4(1)/a, a = 7.132(1) A, c = 14.745(4) A, Z= 4; Tl[B(CN)4], tetragonal, /4(1)/a, a = 7.0655(2) A, c = 14.6791(4) A, Z= 4; Na[B(CN)4] x THF, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 13.908(3) A, b = 9.288(1) A, c = 8.738(1) A, Z= 4; [NH4][B(CN)4] x THF, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 8.831(1) A, b = 9.366(2) A, c = 15.061(3) A, Z= 4. The cubic Li+, Na+, and Cu+ salts crystallize in a structure consisting of two interpenetrating independent tetrahedral networks of M cations and [B(CN)4]- ions. The compounds with the larger countercations (Rb+, Cs+, Tl+, and [NH4]+) crystallize as tetragonal, also with a network arrangement. The sodium and ammonium salts with the cocrystallized THF molecules are both orthorhombic but are not isostructural. In the vibrational spectra the two CN stretching modes A1 and T2 coincide in general and the band positions are a measure for the strength of the interionic interaction. An interesting feature in the Raman spectrum of the copper salt is the first appearance of two CN stretching modes.
On limiting expressions for the capacity region of Gaussian interference channels (2015)

With an explicit counterexample, it is shown that the restriction to Gaussian distributions in the limiting expression for the capacity region of memoryless Gaussian interference channel falls short of achieving capacity, in general. Techniques that enable one to make use of the limiting expression to obtain valid and possibly tight outer bounds for Gaussian interference channels are also explained.
Molecular Characterization of Covalent Complexes between Tissue Transglutaminase and Gliadin Peptides (2004)

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) modifies proteins and peptides by transamidation or deamidation of specific glutamine residues. TG2 also has a central role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. The enzyme is both the target of disease-specific autoantibodies and generates deamidated gliadin peptides recognized by intestinal T cells from patients. Incubation of TG2 with gliadin peptides also results in the formation of covalent TG2-peptide complexes. Here we report the characterization of complexes between TG2 and two immunodominant gliadin peptides. Two types of covalent complexes were found; the peptides are either linked via a thioester bond to the active site cysteine of TG2 or via isopeptide bonds to particular lysine residues of the enzyme. We quantified the number of gliadin peptides bound to TG2 under different conditions. After 30 min of incubation of TG2 at 1 microm with an equimolar ratio of peptides to TG2, approximately equal amounts of peptides were bound by thioester and isopeptide linkage. At higher peptide to TG2 ratios, more than one peptide was linked to TG2, and isopeptide bond formation dominated. The lysine residues in TG2 that act as acyl acceptors were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic digests of the TG2-peptide complexes. At a high molar excess of gliadin peptides to TG2 altogether six lysine residues of TG2 were found to participate in isopeptide bond formation. The results are relevant to the understanding of how antibodies to TG2 are formed in celiac disease.
Searching for dependencies at multiple abstraction levels (2002)

The notion of roll-up dependency (RUD) extends functional dependencies with generalization hierarchies. RUDs can be applied in OLAP and database design. The problem of discovering RUDs in large databases is at the center of this paper. An algorithm is provided that relies on a number of theoretical results. The algorithm has been implemented; results on two real-life datasets are given. The extension of functional dependency (FD) with roll-ups turns out to capture meaningful rules that are outside the scope of classical FD mining. Performance figures show that RUDs can be discovered in linear time in the number of tuples of the input dataset.
Abstract 250: In vivo Kinetics of Embryonic Stem Cell Viability Following Transplantation Into the Injured Murine Myocardium (2009)

Background: Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have demonstrated the potential to restore the cardiac function after ischemic injury. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have been widely empl...
Adenoviral Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2006)

Adenoviruses are lytic DNA viruses that are ubiquitous in human communities. In total, 51 different serotypes with varying tissue tropisms have been identified. Adenovirus infections, although frequent, are rarely fatal in immunocompetent individuals who have potent innate and adaptive immunity. But in immunosuppressed individuals, adenoviruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options. In particular, pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation frequently develop infections early in the posttransplantation period. Because the endogenous recovery of adenovirus-specific T cells has proven important in controlling infection, we explore the potential of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy as a therapeutic strategy. We discuss the advantages and limitations of T-cell therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of adenovirus infection posttransplantation.
Editorial: All roads lead to Rome: Harnessing thalamic neuromodulation for difficult-to-treat neurological disorders (2023)

DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), central median nucleus of the thalamus, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), Holmes tremor
Fast multi-axis tracking of magnetically-resonant passive tags : methods and applications (2001)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Design considerations of air cooled collector/rock-bin storage solar heating systems (2022)

None
Dasatinib Resistance in CML Patients. Identification of Novel BCR-ABL Kinase Domain Mutation. (2007)

Abstract Dasatinib is a dual specific SRC-ABL kinase inhibitor which has been increasingly used in treatment of CML and Ph + ALL patients. Although it has excellent activity, a proportion of patients, particularly those with advanced disease had developed evidence of dasatinib resistance. In order to assess the reasons for resistance we have analyzed BCR-ABL kinase domain utilizing single step PCR reaction followed by amplification of ABL kinase domain with subsequent subcloning (≥10 clones) from 23 CML patients who demonstrated clinical evidence of dasatinib failure. We have found mutations in the BCR-ABL domain in 19 out of 23 patients. 14 were mapped to ATP “binding pocket”, of those, seven had pan-resistant T315I and five had F317L with one F317I mutation. In addition, three of 19 patients had V299L mutation. All of these mutations were previously reported in association with dasatinib resistance. We also observed that one of 8 patients in chronic phase and three of 15 patients in advanced phase had two different mutations in separate clones§. Interestingly, four of 19 patients were found to have novel V304D mutation, which is located outside of dasatinib binding site in β 4–5 loop structure and may not be directly involved in dasatinib resistance. It appears that BCR-ABL mutations in advanced phase CML are more common, but occur at lower frequency in dasatinib resistant patients in chronic phase, 93% vs. 62%. In conclusion, our clinical sample suggests that selection for T315I and F317L mutations occurs frequently in dasatinib resistant patients which was predicted from preclinical study. Both mutations were proposed to directly and indirectly affect dasatinib binding. Two additional mutations have been identified with incidence that exceeds random occurrence. The significance of these mutations (V299L, D304D) will be further studied. Table 1. Mutations status at different phases of CML chronic phase advanced phase mutations yes 5 § no 3 yes 14§ no 1 1 patient in chronic phase group have subcloning results pending. T315I 2 7 F317L 1 4 F317I 0 1 V299L 1 2 V304D 1 3