gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plan, prepare and connect: How investing in understanding and tracking the evolving needs of online students informs the development of targeted programs for transition and success (2019)

Growth in online higher education offerings has been significant in recent years, with many Australian Universities launching programs to extend into new markets and meet the student demand for greater flexibility in delivery modes. Further, it is well understood that good support is an essential component to student success, satisfaction and retention. Despite this, orientation, including non-academic support, is often overlooked in online education systems. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop an orientation program to increase student preparedness and facilitate ongoing support, in addition to developing evidence-based best-practice strategies to support academic’s when developing new online courses.
Novel Toxin-Antitoxin Module SlvT-SlvA Regulates Megaplasmid Stability and Incites Solvent Tolerance in Pseudomonas putida S12 (2020)

<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 is highly tolerant of organic solvents in saturating concentrations, rendering this microorganism suitable for the industrial production of various aromatic compounds. Previous studies revealed that <i>P. putida</i> S12 contains the single-copy 583-kbp megaplasmid pTTS12. pTTS12 carries several important operons and gene clusters facilitating <i>P. putida</i> S12 survival and growth in the presence of toxic compounds or other environmental stresses. We wished to revisit and further scrutinize the role of pTTS12 in conferring solvent tolerance. To this end, we cured the megaplasmid from <i>P. putida</i> S12 and conclusively confirmed that the SrpABC efflux pump is the major determinant of solvent tolerance on the megaplasmid pTTS12. In addition, we identified a novel toxin-antitoxin module (proposed gene names <i>slvT</i> and <i>slvA,</i> respectively) encoded on pTTS12 which contributes to the solvent tolerance phenotype and is important for conferring stability to the megaplasmid. Chromosomal introduction of the <i>srp</i> operon in combination with the <i>slv</i>AT gene pair created a solvent tolerance phenotype in non-solvent-tolerant strains, such as <i>P. putida</i> KT2440, <i>Escherichia coli</i> TG1, and <i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3).<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Sustainable alternatives for high-value chemicals can be achieved by using renewable feedstocks in bacterial biocatalysis. However, during the bioproduction of such chemicals and biopolymers, aromatic compounds that function as products, substrates, or intermediates in the production process may exert toxicity to microbial host cells and limit the production yield. Therefore, solvent tolerance is a highly preferable trait for microbial hosts in the biobased production of aromatic chemicals and biopolymers. In this study, we revisit the essential role of megaplasmid pTTS12 from solvent-tolerant <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 for molecular adaptation to an organic solvent. In addition to the solvent extrusion pump (SrpABC), we identified a novel toxin-antitoxin module (SlvAT) which contributes to short-term tolerance in moderate solvent concentrations, as well as to the stability of pTTS12. These two gene clusters were successfully expressed in non-solvent-tolerant strains of <i>P. putida</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains to confer and enhance solvent tolerance.
BIOMECHANIC EVALUATION OF RUNNING PERFORMANCES (1992)

Running is the final result of a very complex coordination involving a lot of different anatomo-physiological supports that are jointly provided by the neuro-muscular, the cardio-vascular, the respiratory and the metabolic systems. Given the obvious difficulties of a detailed evaluation of this specific motor-action, a method for synthetic description and analysis of the running performance has been developed. Such a method, presently tested by taking into account the sagittal plane only), is essentially based on the computation of three suitable indexes (namely P2-D, Kv, q) which integrates the information coming from both kinematic and dynamic data. The index P2-D provides a synthesis of the mean power developed by muscles at the main lower limb joints during the ground contact phase. The index Kv depends on the ratio between the previous index P2-D and the mean kinetic energy developed by the whole body during running. The third index q, pointing out an information which is similar to the well known mechanical efficiency, is depending on the ratio between the running cadence and the previously cited index K, The proposed method has been tested by taking into account various subjects who were running at different mean speed. The kinematic and dynamic data which are necessary to implement the computation of the above three indexes have been captured by using opto-electronic motion analyser (Elite system) and a piezoelectric sensed force plate. The aim of this work is to present in detail the adopted mathematical approach and to discuss, on the basis of some preliminary results, the sensitivity of the proposed method.
Fluid Mechanics of the Eye (2011)

Fluid mechanical processes are an intrinsic part of several aspects of the physiology and pathology of the human eye. In this article we describe selected phenomena that are amenable to particularly interesting mathematical, experimental, or numerical analyses. We initially focus on glaucoma, a condition often associated with raised intraocular pressure. The mechanics in this disease is by no means fully understood, but we present some of the modeling work that provides a partial explanation. We next focus on other features of the dynamics of the two specialized ocular fluids: the aqueous and vitreous humors. With regard to the aqueous humor, we discuss problems concerning the transport of heat and proteins and the hydration of the cornea. With regard to the vitreous humor, we discuss the possibility of flow, which occurs primarily as a result of saccades or motions of the eyeball. Finally, we describe a model of the degradation of Bruch's membrane in the retina.
Activation chemistry drives the emergence of functionalised protocells (2020)

The complexity of the simplest conceivable cell suggests that the chemistry of prebiotic mixtures needs to be explored to understand the intricate network of prebiotic reactions that led to the emergence of life. Early cells probably relied upon compatible and interconnected chemistries to link RNA, peptides and membranes. Here we show that several types of vesicles, composed of prebiotically plausible mixtures of amphiphiles, spontaneously form and sustain the methyl isocyanide-mediated activation of amino acids, peptides and nucleotides. Activation chemistry also drives the advantageous conversion of reactive monoacylglycerol phosphates into inert cyclophospholipids, thus supporting their potential role as major constituents of protocells. Moreover, activation of prebiotic building blocks within fatty acid-based vesicles yields lipidated species capable of localising to and functionalising primitive membranes. Our findings describe a potentially prebiotic scenario in which the components of primitive cells undergo activation and provide new species that might have enabled an increase in the functionality of protocells.
Does wheat make us fat and sick? (2013)

After earlier debates on the role of fat, high fructose corn syrup, and added sugar in the aetiology of obesity, it has recently been suggested that wheat consumption is involved. Suggestions have been made that wheat consumption has adverse effects on health by mechanisms related to addiction and overeating. We discuss these arguments and conclude that they cannot be substantiated. Moreover, we conclude that assigning the cause of obesity to one specific type of food or food component, rather than overconsumption and inactive lifestyle in general, is not correct. In fact, foods containing whole-wheat, which have been prepared in customary ways (such as baked or extruded), and eaten in recommended amounts, have been associated with significant reductions in risks for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and a more favourable long term weight management. Nevertheless, individuals that have a genetic predisposition for developing celiac disease, or who are sensitive or allergic to wheat proteins, will benefit from avoiding wheat and other cereals that contain proteins related to gluten, including primitive wheat species (einkorn, emmer, spelt) and varieties, rye and barley. It is therefore important for these individuals that the food industry should develop a much wider spectrum of foods, based on crops that do not contain proteins related to gluten, such as teff, amaranth, oat, quinoa, and chia. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that whole-wheat consumption cannot be linked to increased prevalence of obesity in the general population.
Structure of bacterial cellulose synthase subunit D octamer with four inner passageways (2010)

The cellulose synthesizing terminal complex consisting of subunits A, B, C, and D in Acetobacter xylinum spans the outer and inner cell membranes to synthesize and extrude glucan chains, which are assembled into subelementary fibrils and further into a ribbon. We determined the structures of subunit D (AxCeSD/AxBcsD) with both N- and C-terminal His(6) tags, and in complex with cellopentaose. The structure of AxCeSD shows an exquisite cylinder shape (height: ∼65 Å, outer diameter: ∼90 Å, and inner diameter: ∼25 Å) with a right-hand twisted dimer interface on the cylinder wall, formed by octamer as a functional unit. All N termini of the octamer are positioned inside the AxCeSD cylinder and create four passageways. The location of cellopentaoses in the complex structure suggests that four glucan chains are extruded individually through their own passageway along the dimer interface in a twisted manner. The complex structure also shows that the N-terminal loop, especially residue Lys6, seems to be important for cellulose production, as confirmed by in vivo assay using mutant cells with axcesD gene disruption and N-terminus truncation. Taking all results together, a model of the bacterial terminal complex is discussed.
Application of spectral reflectance for increasing plant discrimination speed in precision agriculture (2019)

Increasing the speed of weed/crop discrimination sensor engines is an increasingly challenging research area in precision agriculture (PA). Data collection, modelling, and real-time operation are currently the major challenges for accurate plant classification and effective weed control. In the current study, a new low-resolution spectral reflectance sensing is proposed for data collection and applied in conjunction with state-of-art convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for real-time weed detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the speed of the algorithm is ten times faster than typical spatial imaging based counterparts, while its discrimination accuracy is almost the same.
Physiology of Sleep and Wakefulness as it Relates to the Physiology of Epilepsy (2002)

This paper reviews the present knowledge about the cellular origins of vigilance states (wakefulness and slow-wave sleep) from the perspective of their involvement in the triggering of epileptic seizures. The data stem from intracellular recordings (most of them dual impalements of pairs of neurons and glia), extracellular ionic concentrations (mainly K and Ca ) and simultaneous intracortical field potentials from the cortex of cats. These data were corroborated with recordings from naturally sleeping animals and humans. It is shown that sleep is dominated by a cortically generated slow (<1 Hz) oscillation resulting from the complex interplay within networks of neurons and glia, which are modulated by the more diffuse action of extracellular currents of ions. Wakefulness is produced through the activation of brainstem and basal forebrain structures, which disrupt sleep oscillations and elicit a global change of the extraneuronal milieu, with profound modifications of glial and cerebral blood flow parameters. Paroxysmal events arising during quiet sleep evolve within the cortex from normal slow sleep oscillations. The synchronization of large cortical and eventually subcortical territories relies on the propagation of increased currents of K through the glial syncytium, which compensate for the reduced synaptic efficacy due to the depletion of extracellular Ca.
The Twofold Heck Reaction on 1,2-Dihalocycloalkenes and Subsequent 6π-Electrocyclization of the Resulting (E, Z, E)-1,3,5-Hexatrienes: A New Formal {2+2+2}-Assembly of Six-Membered Rings (1998)

1,6-Disubstituted (E, Z, E)-1,3,5-hexatrienes (4 and 5) were prepared by vicinal twofold Heck coupling reactions from 1,2-dibromocyclopentene (1), 1,2-dibromocyclohexene (2), 1,2-diiodocyclopentene (8), 1,2-diiodocyclohexene (9), 1-bromo-2-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxycyclohex-1-ene (11), or 1-chloro-2-nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxycyclohex-1-ene (19) with alkenes 3, e. g. methyl, tert-butyl, menthyl, 8-phenylmenthyl acrylate, styrene, and alkenylsilanes, respectively, in moderate to mostly good and very good yields (20-92 %). The coupling of alkenylsilanes 3f−k could only be achieved with the 1,2-diiodocycloalkenes 8 and 9, respectively. The corresponding hexatrienes 5 with two different substituents in the 1- and 6-positions were prepared by a sequence of two coupling reactions with different alkenes from 1-chloro-2-nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxycyclo-hex-1-ene (19) or by Wittig-Horner-Emmons olefination of 2-bromocyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (24) and subsequent Heck reaction of the resulting (E,Z)-bromodienes 25. Several of the hexatrienes (4aa, ee, 5aa, ee, al, am, el) readily underwent a 6π-electrocyclization upon heating in an inert atmosphere to give the 5- or 6-ring-annelated cis-5,6-disubstituted cyclohexadienes 26, 27 (50-95 %). Starting from 5am 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydronaphthalene 28am was formed under oxidative conditions (air) in the reaction and in the work-up procedure. The bissilyl-substituted derivatives 4ff, jj, 5ff did not cyclize under thermal conditions, apparently due to the steric demand of the two silyl substituents which would have to end up cis with respect to each other in the cyclohexadiene products.
Closed-form kinematic and dynamic models of an industrial-like RRR robot (2003)

Presents closed-form kinematic and dynamic models of a robot with three rotational degrees of freedom. The derivation of the models and estimation of their parameters are explained. Relevancy of the models is investigated with a writing task. Validation results, obtained by simulation and experiment, establish correctness of the models and illuminate their practical benefits.
Chemical composition of the volatile oil from the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (1997)

The steam-distilled volatile oil of the cinnamon fruit (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) grown at Karnataka and Kerala (south India) has been analysed by GC and GC–MS. It consists of hydrocarbons (32.8% and 20.8%) and oxygenated compounds (63.7% and 73.4%). Thirty-four compounds representing more than 94% of the oil were identified. trans-Cinnamyl acetate and β-caryophyllene were found to be the major compounds in cinnamon fruit grown in both Karnataka and Kerala. This is the first report on the chemical composition of the volatile oil of the fruit of C. zeylanicum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Clinical characteristics of adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome in our hospital]. (2012)

The present study revealed that older patients had a longer period to CR and a higher risk of AKI at follow-up.
Synthetic lethal interactions in yeast reveal functional roles of J protein co-chaperones (2012)

J proteins are a diverse family of co-chaperones that cooperate with heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) to coordinate protein quality control, especially in response to cellular stress. Current models suggest that individual J proteins might play roles in recruiting Hsp70s to specific functions, such as maintaining cell wall integrity or promoting ribosome biogenesis. However, relatively few stresses have been used to test this model and, as a result, only a few specific activities have been identified. To expand our understanding of the J protein network, we used a synthetic lethal approach in which 11 Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains were treated with 12 well-characterized chemical inhibitors. The results defined new roles for specific J proteins in major signaling pathways. For example, an important role for Swa2 in cell wall integrity was identified and activities of the under-explored Jjj1, Apj1, Jjj3 and Caj1 proteins were suggested. More generally, these findings support a model in which some J proteins, such as Ydj1 and Zuo1, play "generalist" roles, while others, such as Apj1 and Jjj2, are "specialists", having roles in relatively few pathways. Together, these results provide new insight into the network of J proteins.
Effect of the surfactant concentration on the kinetic stability of thin foam and emulsion films (1997)

The thinning and the lifetime of foam and emulsion films formed in a model experimental cell have been investigated. The foam films were stabilised by either sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene-2 sulfate. The emulsion films contained either Tween 20 or Span 20. The time of hydrodynamic drainage of the films increased linearly as the logarithm of the surfactant concentration. This linear dependence was valid whatever the type of film or surfactant and not only below the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) but also much above this concentration threshold. The experimental results are relevant to the hydrodynamic basis of foam and emulsion stabilisation. They are compared with the earlier hydrodynamic theories of film drainage. A reasonable, but not excellent, agreement between the experimental data and the theory could be achieved in the region below the c.m.c. of the surfactant. The data about the complex system above the c.m.c. still remain unexplained by an adequate theory. The investigation provides some guidelines for choosing the optimal type and concentration of surfactant in colloid systems of practical importance.
Radio-frequency-mediated dipolar recoupling among half-integer quadrupolar spins (2000)

It is demonstrated that through-space recoupling can be achieved in dipolar coupled quadrupolar spins in the presence of an appropriate radio-frequency field. Experimental and theoretical results for 23Na–23Na pairs are presented that elucidate the experimental conditions leading to homonuclear dipolar transfer. The effect of adiabatic amplitude modulation on spin-3/2 systems is compared to spin-1/2 cases and applications of this approach in the context of high resolution multiquantum magic angle spinning for dipolar filtering and correlation are discussed.
The lin-3/let-23 pathway mediates inductive signalling during male spicule development in Caenorhabditis elegans (1994)

During Caenorhabditis elegans male spicule development, four pairs of precursor cells respond to multiple positional cues and establish a pattern of fates that correlates with relative anterior-posterior cell position. One of the extracellular cues is provided by the F and U cells, which promote anterior fates. We show that the genes in the lin-3/let-23 signalling pathway required for hermaphrodite vulval induction also mediate this F/U signal. Reduction-of-function mutations in lin-3, let-23, sem-5, let-60 or lin-45 disrupt the fate of anterior cells. Likewise, activation of the pathway with ubiquitously produced signal results in posterior cells inappropriately adopting the anterior fates even in the absence of F and U. We have further used this genetic pathway to begin to understand how multiple positional cues are integrated to specify cell fate. We demonstrate that lin-15 acts in spicule development as it does in vulval induction, as a negative regulator of let-23 receptor activity. A second extracellular cue, from Y.p, also acts antagonistically to the lin-3/let-23 pathway. However, this signal is apparently integrated into the lin-3/let-23 pathway at some step after lin-45 raf and is thus functionally distinct from lin-15. We have also investigated the role of lin-12 in forming the anterior/posterior pattern of fates. A lin-12 gain-of-function defect is masked by redundant positional information from F and U.
Performance Monitoring of Deepwater Risers (2008)

Deepwater risers are complex dynamic structures subject to extreme events in the Gulf of Mexico such as hurricanes and high currents. The offshore industry in the Gulf of Mexico is aggressively moving into the ultra deep and developing challenging fields with high pressure, high temperature conditions and corrosive production fluids. Floating production vessels such as semi-submersibles and FPSOs are being selected for these developments and these vessels typically have higher motions than Spars and TLPs used to date. Consequently, the risers become increasingly challenging to engineer and design margins can be significantly reduced. Uncertainties in design basis data, actual response in the field, and component degradation with time can be effectively managed by monitoring the performance of the riser system in service through direct structural monitoring on the riser in conjunction with vessel and environmental monitoring. Such a system forms an integral part of the integrity management program and can allow anomalies to be identified ahead of time to prevent catastrophic riser failure. This paper puts forward the benefits of riser performance monitoring and describes system based architectures for various development scenarios utilizing dry tree vertical top tensioned risers, wet trees with SCRs, and wet trees with free-standing risers.
Accessing the +IV Oxidation State in Molecular Complexes of Praseodymium (2020)

Out of the 14 lanthanide (Ln) ions, molecular complexes of Ln(IV) were known only for cerium and more recently terbium. Here we demonstrate that the +IV oxidation state is also accessible for the large praseodymium (Pr) cation. The oxidation of the tetrakis(triphenysiloxide) Pr(III) ate complex, [KPr(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(THF)<sub>3</sub>], <b>1-Pr</b><sup><b>Ph</b></sup>, with [N(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub>][SbCl<sub>6</sub>], affords the Pr(IV) complex [Pr(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(MeCN)<sub>2</sub>], <b>2-Pr</b><sup><b>Ph</b></sup>, which is stable once isolated. The solid state structure, UV-visible spectroscopy, magnetometry, and cyclic voltammetry data along with the DFT computations of the <b>2-Pr</b><sup><b>Ph</b></sup> complex unambiguously confirm the presence of Pr(IV).