gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo testing of crosslinked polyethers. I. Tissue reactions and biodegradation (1996)

The in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation of cross-linked (co)polyethers with and without tertiary hydrogen atoms in the main chain and differing in hydrophilicity were studied by means of subcutaneous implantation in rats. After 4 days, 1 month, and 3 months postimplantation, the tissue reactions and interactions were evaluated by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Poly(tetrahydrofuran) (poly(THF)), poly(propylene oxide) (poly(POx)), and poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-oxetane) (poly-(THF-co-OX)) were tested as relatively hydrophobic polyethers, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a poly(THF)/ PEO blend were used as more hydrophilic materials. In general, all polyethers showed good biocompatibility with respect to tissue reactions and interactions, with low neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, a quiet giant cell reaction, and formation of a thin fibrous capsule. For the relatively hydrophobic polyethers studied, the biostability increased in the order poly(POx) < poly(THF-co-OX) < poly(THF), probably indicating that the absence of tertiary hydrogen atoms has a positive effect on the biostability. Concerning the more hydrophilic materials, crosslinked PEO showed the highest rate of degradation, probably due to the mechanical weakness of the hydrogel in combination with the highest presence of giant cells as a result of the high porosity. A frayed surface morphology was observed after implantation of the crosslinked poly(THF)/PEO blend, which might be due to preferential degradation of PEO domains.
Corrosion‐Resistant Microprocess Apparatuses by Means of CVD Coating with Tantalum (2018)

Abstract Die Wandstärken mikroverfahrenstechnischer Apparate sind mit denen konventioneller Rührkessel in der chemischen Industrie nicht vergleichbar. Bereits Chargenunterschiede innerhalb der technischen Spezifikationen für übliche korrosionsbeständige Werkstoffe können zu signifikanten Abweichungen der Abtragsraten führen und die Lebensdauer signifikant begrenzen. Um Korrosionserscheinungen möglichst vollständig auszuschließen, eignet sich Tantal aufgrund seiner hervorragenden Beständigkeit sehr gut. Es wird gezeigt, dass für Mikroapparate typische Kanalquerschnitte bei großer Länge mittels einer CVD‐Beschichtung völlig defektfrei und homogen mit Tantal beschichtet werden können. Dauertests in 70 %iger Schwefelsäure ergaben keinerlei Masseverlust oder Abtrag.
Fe 3 O 4 @polydopamine CompositeTheranostic Superparticles Employing Preassembled Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles as the Core (2016)

Iron oxide (Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), polydopamine (PDA), and\nin particular their composites are examples of the safest nanomaterials\nfor developing multifunctional nanodevices to perform noninvasive\ntumor diagnosis and therapy. However, the structures and performances\nof Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;–PDA nanocomposites should be\nfurther perfected to enhance the theranostic efficiency. In this work,\nwe demonstrate the fabrication of PDA-capped Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@PDA) superparticles (SPs) employing\npreassembled Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles (NPs) as the\ncores. Owing to the collective effect of preassembled Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; NPs, the superparamagnetism and photothermal performance\nof Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@PDA SPs are greatly enhanced, thus\nproducing nanodevices with improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided\nphotothermal efficiency. Systematical studies reveal that the molar\nextinction coefficient of the as-assembled Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; SPs is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of individual Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; NPs. Also due to the high aggregation degree\nof Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; NPs, the &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted MRI contrast is greatly enhanced for the SPs with &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; relaxivity of 230.5 mM&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, which is ∼2.5 times larger than that\nof individual Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; NPs. The photothermal stability,\nphysiological stability, and biocompatibility, as well as the photothermal\nperformance of Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; SPs, are further improved\nby enveloping with PDA shell.
Clonal Salivary Gland Infiltrates Associated With Myoepithelial Sialadenitis (Sjogren's Syndrome) Begin as Nonmalignant Antigen-Selected Expansions (1998)

Myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) is the reactive salivary gland lymphoid infiltrate that occurs in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Although it is well established that mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphomas may develop from MESA, the issue of whether monoclonal B-cell populations in early MESA-associated lesions represent MALT lymphomas or more benign types of expansions has been very controversial. In addition, it is unknown whether antigen stimulation plays a role in the development or growth of MESA-associated clones. To investigate these issues, we have analyzed the Ig VH genes used by MESA-associated clones in sequential biopsies obtained from contralateral sites of seven different patients. In three cases, single clones were identified in the follow-up biopsies that were distinct from the single clones identified in the initial specimens, whereas in three other cases, the same clone was identified in both the initial and subsequent specimens. In the remaining case, two clones were identified in the second biopsy specimen, one of which was distinct from the initial clone. Of the 11 distinct clones identified in the 14 specimens that were analyzed, 8 were derived from a V1-69 VH gene segment, whereas the other 3 were derived from a V3-7 VH gene segment. In addition, the MESA clones also showed conserved amino acids sequence motifs in their third complementarity-determining regions (CDR3), some of which were encoded by N nucleotides. The marked VH gene restriction along with the similar CDR3 sequences suggests that MESA-associated clones even from different patients may bind the same or similar antigens and are selected for clonal expansion on that basis. The high rates of ongoing VH gene mutation observed in some of the cases futher suggest that the growth of early MESA clones is still dependent on antigen stimulation. In addition, our finding that different biopsies from the same patient may contain distinct clones indicates that some MESA-associated clones have not yet evolved to malignant lymphomas.
Effect Of Estrogen and Progesterone on Feed Intake and Hydroxyproline Excretion Following Induced Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows (1972)

The effect of the {emale sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and feed (calcium) intake on the ability of cows to replace blood calcium after induced hypocalcemia was investigated ha two experiments. Intravenous infusion of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to induce hypocalcemia. Percent hacrease in urinary hydroxyproline excretion was the index of bone resorption. Neither estrogen injected at parturient levels nor progesterone at mid-pregnancy levels interfered with bone resorption, as thus indicated. Estrogen reduced feed dry matter intake, and thus calcium intake, whereas progesterone partially counteracted the effect of estrogen on dry matter intake.
Disruption of the gene encoding penicillin‐binding protein 2b (pbp2b) causes altered cell morphology and cease in exopolysaccharide production in Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi6 (1996)

Genetic and biochemical analysis of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in lactic acid bacteria has been a growing field of interest in the food industry. We previously identified and characterized a gene cluster composed of 13 genes (epsA to epsM) responsible for EPS production in Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi6. Here we report one further gene, pbp2b, that is connected to EPS production. Mutants with a gene disruption in pbp2b were no longer able to produce EPS, exhibited a reduced growth-rate, and their cell morphology was altered. The predicted gene product showed significant homology to the class B penicillin-binding proteins 2b of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Upstream of pbp2b, we further identified two genes which showed significant homology to the E. coli folD and urfl, which is an unidentified open reading frame presumed to be involved in DNA repair. Downstream of pbp2b, we identified a gene that showed homology to the Bacillus subtilis and the Escherichia coli recM or recR which, respectively, are involved in the methyl-dependent DNA mismatch repair. In S. thermophilus, pbp2b and recM were transcribed from their own promoters as monocistronic mRNAs and are therefore organized as independent transcriptional units.
Rationalizing Fabrication and Design Toward Highly Efficient and Stable Blue Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on NHC Copper(I) Complexes (2018)

Abstract Recently, the use of a new family of electroluminescent copper(I) complexes—i.e., the archetypal [Cu(IPr)(3‐Medpa)][PF 6 ] complex; IPr: 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene; 3‐Medpa: 2,2′‐bis‐(3‐methylpyridyl)amine—has led to blue light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) featuring luminances of 20 cd m −2 , stabilities of 4 mJ, and efficiencies of 0.17 cd A −1 . Herein, this study rationalizes how to enhance these figures‐of‐merit optimizing both device fabrication and design. On one hand, a comprehensive spectroscopic and electrochemical study reveals the degradation of this novel emitter in common solvents used for LEC fabrication, as well as the impact on the photoluminescence features of thin‐films. On the other hand, spectro‐electrochemical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy assays suggest that the device performance is strongly limited by the irreversible formation of oxidized species that mainly act as carrier trappers and luminance quenchers. Based on all of the aforementioned, device optimization was realized using ionic additives and a hole transporter either as a host–guest or as a multilayered architecture approach to decouple hole/electron injection. The latter significantly enhances the LEC performance, reaching luminances of 160 cd m −2 , stabilities of 32.7 mJ, and efficiencies of 1.2 cd A −1 . Overall, this work highlights the need of optimizing both device fabrication and design toward highly efficient and stable LECs based on cationic copper(I) complexes.
Development of a front end controller/heap manager for PHENIX (1997)

A controller/heap manager has been designed for applicability to all detector subsystem types of PHENIX. The heap manager performs all functions associated with front end electronics control including ADC and analog memory control, data collection, command interpretation and execution, and data packet forming and communication. Interfaces to the unit consist of a timing and control bus, a serial bus, a parallel data bus, and a trigger interface. The topology developed is modular so that many functional blocks are identical for a number of subsystem types. Programmability is maximized through the use of flexible modular functions and implementation using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Details of unit design and functionality will be discussed with particular detail given to subsystems having analog memory-based front end electronics. In addition, mode control, serial functions, and FPGA implementation details will be presented.
Polymorphisms in the multiple drug resistance protein 1 and in P-glycoprotein 1 are associated with time to event outcomes in patients with advanced multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (2010)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the multiple drug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein 1 (MDR1) genes modulate their ability to mediate drug resistance. We therefore sought to retrospectively evaluate their influence on outcomes in relapsed and/or refractory myeloma patients treated with bortezomib or bortezomib with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). The MRP1/R723Q polymorphism was found in five subjects among the 279 patient study population, all of whom received PLD + bortezomib. Its presence was associated with a longer time to progression (TTP; median 330 vs. 129 days; p = 0.0008), progression-free survival (PFS; median 338 vs. 129 days; p = 0.0006), and overall survival (p = 0.0045). MDR1/3435(C > T), which was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, showed a trend of association with PFS (p = 0.0578), response rate (p = 0.0782) and TTP (p = 0.0923) in PLD + bortezomib patients, though no correlation was found in the bortezomib arm. In a recessive genetic model, MDR1/3435 T was significantly associated with a better TTP (p = 0.0405) and PFS (p = 0.0186) in PLD + bortezomib patients. These findings suggest a potential role for MRP1 and MDR1 SNPs in modulating the long-term outcome of relapsed and/or refractory myeloma patients treated with PLD + bortezomib. Moreover, they support prospective studies to determine if such data could be used to tailor therapy to the genetic makeup of individual patients.
PHARUS familiarization programme (1998)

After the completion of the PHARUS polarimetric phased array SAR, an extensive prograrnme of data acquisition was carried out under the PHARUS Familiarisation Programme, a project for the National Remote Sensing Board (BCRS). The Familiarisation Programme has been aimed at the acquisition of PHARUS data to demonstrate the potential of the PHARUS polarimetric SAR for a number of selected applications to potential users. In order to demonstrate the value of the system for each application, and to familiarise users with PHARUS data, interpretation of the data acquired has been carried out by the users involved in this project The selected applications were land use classification, cartography in tidal area's, road detection, ocean bottom topography, detection of ships and ship wakes, (moving) target detection, crop classification, forestry applications and precision agriculture. For all these applications data were acquired. The main results are presented. Overall, most applications could be carried out successfully. For some applications, it is clear that more image material is required for a sufficient assessment of the utility of SAR polarimetric data. This is the case for tidal mapping and precision farming, where multi-temporal data is needed. Also, much insight has been gained into the characteristics of the PHARUS system in various modes of operation. Existing calibration procedures needed to be modified in order to calibrate the polarimetric data acquired with the phased array antenna.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of the VIM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase (2000)

VIM-1 is a new group 3 metallo-beta-lactamase recently detected in carbapenem-resistant nosocomial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Mediterranean area. In this work, VIM-1 was purified from an Escherichia coli strain carrying the cloned bla(VIM-1) gene by means of an anion-exchange chromatography step followed by a gel permeation chromatography step. The purified enzyme exhibited a molecular mass of 26 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an acidic pI of 5.1 in analytical isoelectric focusing. Amino-terminal sequencing showed that mature VIM-1 results from the removal of a 26-amino-acid signal peptide from the precursor. VIM-1 hydrolyzes a broad array of beta-lactam compounds, including penicillins, narrow- to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and mechanism-based serine-beta-lactamase inactivators. Only monobactams escape hydrolysis. The highest catalytic constant/K(m) ratios (>10(6) M(-1). s(-1)) were observed with carbenicillin, azlocillin, some cephalosporins (cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefepime, and cefpirome), imipenem, and biapenem. Kinetic parameters showed remarkable variability with different beta-lactams and also within the various penam, cephem, and carbapenem compounds, resulting in no clear preference of the enzyme for any of these beta-lactam subfamilies. Significant differences were observed with some substrates between the kinetic parameters of VIM-1 and those of other metallo-beta-lactamases. Inactivation assays carried out with various chelating agents (EDTA, 1,10-o-phenanthroline, and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) indicated that formation of a ternary enzyme-metal-chelator complex precedes metal removal from the zinc center of the protein and revealed notable differences in the inactivation parameters of VIM-1 with different agents.
Two doses of NGR-hTNF (N) given alone or in combination with doxorubicin (D) in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). (2013)

10568 Background: N, a tumor-targeted antivascular agent, displays a biphasic dose response curve with activity shown at low dose (LD) or high dose (HD). Vascular effects involve at LD an early vessel stabilization that enhances intratumor D uptake followed by late vessel damage and at HD a rapid vessel disruption. Methods: STS patients (pts), stratified by prior D dose (&gt; vs ≤ 300 mg/m 2 ), were randomized to N alone given at LD (0.8 μg/m 2 ) in arm A and at HD (45 μg/m 2 /d1/q1w) in B, or combined with D (60 mg/m 2 /d1/q3w/6 cycles) at LD in arm C and at HD in D. Primary aim of this 4-arm phase II trial was progression free survival (PFS) with CT scans performed q6w until progressive disease (PD). Using 2-stage design, each regimen was rejected if ≤ 2/14 and ≤ 7/24 pts were PD free at 3 months after 1st and 2nd stage, respectively (β=20%, α=10%, n=96). Secondary aims: adverse events (AEs), response rate by RECIST criteria and early metabolic response (MR), as quantified by fractional change in SUV using FDG-PET according to EORTC criteria Results: 66 pts have been enrolled and 55 were included in 1st study stage analysis: median age: 57 yrs; male: 30; PS ≥ 1: 26; leiomyosarcomas: 12; median prior lines: 3 (range, 0-7). In all, 488 weekly cycles were given (mean, 9; range, 1-45). Main grade 3/4 AEs were: neutropenia 18%, chills 7%. After first study stage, primary endpoint was met only in arm C (LD N + D), with 7/14 pts PD free at 3 months. Median PFS was 1.3 months (95% CI, 1.1-1.5) for arm A, 1.5 (1.1-1.8) for B, 4.5 (3.6-5.4) for C and 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for D (p=.01 for trend). By RECIST, there were no objective responses and 20/48 (42%) evaluable pts had stable disease (SD), including 1/12 in arm A, 6/12 in B, 9/12 in C and 4/12 in D. Median SD duration in arm C was 5.5 months (95% CI, 3.7-7.3). By FDG-PET imaging done after 3 weeks, 7/30 (23%) assessable pts had partial MR (4 SD/3 PD per RECIST), with mean change in SUV of -34% (SD, ± 12), while 18 pts (60%) had stable MR (7 SD/11 PD per RECIST), with mean change in SUV of 2% (± 11). Median PFS was 4.2 months in pts who achieved partial MR and 1.5 months in pts who did not (HR=0.67). Complete follow-up for arm C and central histology/radiology review are under way. Conclusions: LD NGR-hTNF plus D is safe, with promising activity as measured by FDG-PET. Clinical trial information: NCT00484341.
Reactive Metals as Energy Storage and Carrier Media (2023)

An entirely decarbonized energy system based on renewable energy supply requires sustainable and innovative energy storage technologies. Presently, the leading flexibilization options are mainly combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) and pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) in terms of techno-economics. Compressed air energy storage (CAES), batteries, and power-to-X technologies are being considered to widen the variety of energy storage capacities and durations. However, the combustion of fossil fuels is still crucial, representing the bottleneck for the green transition. Securing the flexible supply of decarbonized electricity to accelerate the transition toward green energies requires the development of alternative storage solutions characterized by high volumetric energy densityin particular for long-term and large-capacity energy storage applications. Considering the raw material criticality, energy density, safety and efficiency concerns, energy dense, and earth-abundant reactive metals are investigated in this chapter starting from the materials to the technological advancement level considering thermal, electrochemical, and thermochemical energy storage technologies. The considered reactive metals are analyzed based on their technical potential, availability, and technological readiness of the energy storage technology as energy storage and carrier media. Additionally, economic and environmental implications are addressed in an explorative way designating a circular metal economy where these vastly produced metals are used as an energy carrier. The metals offering high energy densities, outstanding techno-economics, and environmental performance are identified to steer the future research directions. Ultimately, highly reactive and abundant metals offer high potential for advancing these technologies in a circular economy considering the overall life cycle stages.
The EAS-E application development system (1984)

EAS-E is based on the entity-attribute-set view of system description—a useful formalism for system modeling and planning even when programming is done in languages other than EAS-E.
(Invited) Shaping Nanotubes and Nanowires with Surfaces (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Low-Crosstalk and Low-Dark-Current CMOS Image-Sensor Technology Using a Hole-Based Detector (2008)

As the pixel size of CMOS image sensors (CIS) shrink, problems associated with crosstalk become more severe for devices built using mainstream CMOS processing. This high crosstalk increases the amount of noise added to the final image (via an increase of the off-diagonal terms in the color correction matrix (CCM)) and degrades the modulation transfer function (MTF). Reducing dark current has also been challenging for such CIS imagers. At present, the solution to these problems has been to switch to n-type substrates since they have been used for interline charge-coupled devices (CCDs) for decades.
An introduction to quantum machine learning (2014)

Machine learning algorithms learn a desired input-output relation from examples in order to interpret new inputs. This is important for tasks such as image and speech recognition or strategy optimisation, with growing applications in the IT industry. In the last couple of years, researchers investigated if quantum computing can help to improve classical machine learning algorithms. Ideas range from running computationally costly algorithms or their subroutines efficiently on a quantum computer to the translation of stochastic methods into the language of quantum theory. This contribution gives a systematic overview of the emerging field of quantum machine learning. It presents the approaches as well as technical details in an accessable way, and discusses the potential of a future theory of quantum learning.