gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alfa' -hidroxienonas en reacciones de cicloadición estereoselectivas: reacciones 1,3-dipolar y de Diels-Alder (2006)

En esta Tesis Doctoral se ha estudiado la utilizacion de alfa' -hidroxienonas como nuevos sustratos en reacciones de cicloadicion asimetricas, concretamente en la reaccion de Diels-Alder y en la reaccion 1,3-dipolar con nitronas.
 En la reaccion 1,3-dipolar con nitronas se han utilizado alfa'-hidroxienonas quirales derivadas del ( R )-alcanfor en combinacion con cantidades cataliticas de Cu(TfO)2, o bien alfa'-hidroxienonas aquirales con un catalizador quiral bisoxazolina-Cu(II). En ambos procesos las condiciones de reaccion han sido optimizadas de modo que se obtienen las correspondientes isoxazolidinas con buenos rendimientos y alcanzando elevadas regio y estereoselectividades. Estos resultados son relevantes puesto que es la primera vez que se emplea este tipo de sustratos en la reaccion 1,3-dipolar y los niveles de selectividad alcanzados representan los mejores resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha con sistemas alquenoil no sustituidos en posicion beta.
 Asimismo, se han empleado por primera vez alfa'-hidroxienonas aquirales como dienofilos en la reaccion de Diels-Alder. Utilizando alfa'-hidroxienonas no sustituidas en posicion beta y como catalizador un complejo bisoxazolina-Cu(II), se han conseguido excelentes valores de enantioselectividad, incluso en la reaccion con dienos poco reactivos. Con alfa'-hidroxienonas menos reactivas, sustituidas en posicion beta por grupos alquilo o arilo, la reaccion con ciclopentadieno conduce a elevados niveles de selectividad endo/exo y de enantioselectividad.
 Estos resultados han permitido demostrar la eficacia de la coordinacion 1,4 de las alfa'- hidroxienonas y por tanto su efectividad como sustratos quelantes bidentados, pudiendo asi ser consideradas como nuevas plantillas en reacciones de cicloadicion asimetricas.
 Por otra parte, a partir de los cicloaductos obtenidos, se accede de manera sencilla a acidos, cetonas y aldehidos de elevada pureza optica, recuperando la fuente de
Suggestions for winding tooling designs (2004)

The tooling of coil winding machines is critical to the optimum performance of the winding machine and to the quality of the coil being wound. The design of tooling for the machines requires detailed consideration of the coil. The design of the bobbin (if used), wire size and covering, wire tension winding terminations, type of winding, type of machine to be used together with the speed it is intended to run the machine are also critical. The tooling engineer's input at the coil and bobbin design stage is very beneficial in ensuring overall product quality and that cost objectives are met.
Relaxation layer in electro-magnetically driven strong shocks (2008)

A study on electro-magnetically driven shock in laboratory experiments is reported. The shock waves are driven by a compact pulse device at 40 km/s into a high-Z gas with 1 g/cm 3 . The pulse power device with tapered electrodes can generate a quasi steady and one-dimensional shock. Ion-electron and ionization relaxation processes, based on a steady and 1-Dimensional shock condition, are calculated. Comparison of the experimental result to calculation one indicates that the shocks produced by the pulse power device have potential to observe ion-electron and ionization relaxation layer with an appropriate spatial scale.
CHANCE AND NECESSITY IN ARTHUR PEACOCKE'S SCIENTIFIC WORK (2008)

Arthur Peacocke was one of the most important scholars to contribute to the modern dialogue on science and religion, and for this he is remembered in the science‐religion community. Many people, however, are unaware of his exceptional career as a biochemist prior to his decision to pursue a life working as a clergyman in the Church of England. His contributions to studies of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure, effects of radiation damage on DNA, and on the interactions of DNA and proteins are among the most important in the field at the time and have had a lasting scientific impact that is still felt today. Peacocke's arguments with Jacques Monod over stochastic (chance) and deterministic (necessity) processes driving evolution became important independently for both the science and the religion communities and appear to have contributed significantly to his decision to become involved in science‐religion dialogue rather than continuing his work exclusively in the field of science. Nevertheless, although Peacocke took on an active church life and ceased his experimental work, he never left science but continued to read the scientific literature and published a scientific review on different approaches in defining DNA structure as recently as 2005.
COLLABORATIVE ASSAY OF TWO GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS FROM HUMAN POSTMENOPAUSAL URINE (1959)

SUMMARY 1. The gonadotrophic activity of two preparations from human postmenopausal urine (HMG-20A and HMG-J) has been compared. Various bioassay methods were used and the experiments were conducted in six different laboratories. 2. The mean relative potency of HMG-J in terms of HMG-20A varied according to the assay method used. Possible reasons for the differing potency ratios are discussed. 3. It is concluded that for the assay of pituitary gonadotrophins in urine the method of preparation of extracts should be similar to that of the standard.
Magnetotransport properties of granular oxide-segregated CoPtCr films for applications in future magnetic memory technology (2019)

Magnetotransport properties of granular oxide-segregated CoPtCr films were studied on both macroscopic and microscopic length scales by performing bulk and point-contact magnetoresistance measurements, respectively. Such a perpendicular magnetic medium is used in state-of-the-art hard disc drives and if combined with magnetoresistive phenomena (for read/write operations) may lead to a novel concept for magnetic recording with high areal density. While the bulk measurements on the films showed only small variations in dc resistance as a function of applied magnetic field (magnetoresistance of less than 0.02 %), the point-contact measurements revealed giant-magnetoresistance-like changes in resistance with up to 50,000 % ratios. The observed magnetorestive effect could be attributed to a tunnel magnetoresistance between CoPtCr grains with different coercivity. The tunneling picture of electronic transport in our granular medium was confirmed by the observation of tunneling-like current-voltage characteristics and bias dependence of magnetoresistance; both the point-contact resistance and magnetoresistance were found to decrease with the applied dc bias.
Emergence of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic TbMnO3 by epitaxial strain (2010)

We show that in oxide thin films of spiral antiferromagnetic orthorhombic TbMnO3, ferromagnetism emerges resulting from epitaxially induced strain. The unit cell volume can be tuned (contracting up to a 2%) by varying thickness and deposition conditions; it is found that the ferromagnetic response correlates with the unit cell deformation. Such effect of strain on the magnetic properties turns out to be similar to that occurring in collinear orthorhombic antiferromagnets such as YMnO3. Owing to the intimate relationship between magnetic order and ferroelectricity in TbMnO3 these results may provide a new route to induce magnetoelectric coupling and tailor their ferroelectric response.
Adenosine: A Mediator of the Sleep-Inducing Effects of Prolonged Wakefulness (1997)

Both subjective and electroencephalographic arousal diminish as a function of the duration of prior wakefulness. Data reported here suggest that the major criteria for a neural sleep factor mediating the somnogenic effects of prolonged wakefulness are satisfied by adenosine, a neuromodulator whose extracellular concentration increases with brain metabolism and which, in vitro, inhibits basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. In vivo microdialysis measurements in freely behaving cats showed that adenosine extracellular concentrations in the basal forebrain cholinergic region increased during spontaneous wakefulness as contrasted with slow wave sleep; exhibited progressive increases during sustained, prolonged wakefulness; and declined slowly during recovery sleep. Furthermore, the sleep-wakefulness profile occurring after prolonged wakefulness was mimicked by increased extracellular adenosine induced by microdialysis perfusion of an adenosine transport inhibitor in the cholinergic basal forebrain but not by perfusion in a control noncholinergic region.
Valproic Acid, an Antiepileptic Drug with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity, Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effect of Apo2L/TRAIL on Cultured Thoracic Cancer Cells through Mitochondria-Dependent Caspase Activation (2006)

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases have been shown to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. Valproic acid (VA), a commonly used antiepileptic agent whose pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles are well described, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. This project aims to evaluate if VA can potentiate Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in cultured thoracic cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for this effect. VA sensitized cultured thoracic cancer cells to Apo2L/TRAIL, as indicated by a 4-fold to a >20-fold reduction of Apo2L/TRAIL IC50 values in combination-treated cells. Although VA (0.5-5 mM) or Apo2L/TRAIL (20 ng/ml) induced less than 20% cell death, VA + Apo2L/TRAIL combinations caused 60% to 90% apoptosis of cancer cells. Moreover, substantial activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3, which was observed only in cells treated with the drug combination, was completely suppressed by Bcl2 overexpression or by the caspase 9 inhibitor. Both the caspase 9 inhibitor and Bcl2 completely abrogated the substantial cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by this combination, thus highlighting the pivotal role of the type II pathway in this process. These findings provide a rationale for the development of VA and Apo2L/TRAIL combination as a novel molecular therapeutic for thoracic cancers.
Confirmation of Matheron's conjecture on the covariogram of a planar\n convex body (2007)

The covariogram g_K of a convex body K in E^d is the function which\nassociates to each x in E^d the volume of the intersection of K with K+x. In\n1986 G. Matheron conjectured that for d=2 the covariogram g_K determines K\nwithin the class of all planar convex bodies, up to translations and\nreflections in a point. This problem is equivalent to some problems in\nstochastic geometry and probability as well as to a particular case of the\nphase retrieval problem in Fourier analysis. It is also relevant for the\ninverse problem of determining the atomic structure of a quasicrystal from its\nX-ray diffraction image. In this paper we confirm Matheron's conjecture\ncompletely.\n
From HMMS to DNNS: Where do the improvements come from? (2016)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently been the focus of much text-to-speech research as a replacement for decision trees and hidden Markov models (HMMs) in statistical parametric synthesis systems. Performance improvements have been reported; however, the configuration of systems evaluated makes it impossible to judge how much of the improvement is due to the new machine learning methods, and how much is due to other novel aspects of the systems. Specifically, whereas the decision trees in HMM-based systems typically operate at the state-level, and separate trees are used to handle separate acoustic streams, most DNN-based systems are trained to make predictions simultaneously for all streams at the level of the acoustic frame. This paper isolates the influence of three factors (machine learning method; state vs. frame predictions; separate vs. combined stream predictions) by building a continuum of systems along which only a single factor is varied at a time. We find that replacing decision trees with DNNs and moving from state-level to frame-level predictions both significantly improve listeners' naturalness ratings of synthetic speech produced by the systems. No improvement is found to result from switching from separate-stream to combined-stream predictions.
New technology for studying of gas hydrate equilibria in porous media (2009)

Structure-specific ligands are convenient tools for the recognition, targeting or probing of non-canonical DNA structures. Porphyrin derivatives exhibit a preference for interaction with G-quadruplex (G4) structures over canonical duplex DNA and are able to cause photoinducible damage to nucleic acids. Here, we show that Zn(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-carboxymethyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrin ( ZNP1: ) interacts with different conformations of the telomeric sequence d(TAGGG(TTAGGG)<sub>3</sub>) at submicromolar concentrations without any detectible disturbance of the particular fold. Among different folds, potassium (3+1) hybrid G4-structure. reveal the highest affinity to ZNP1: The pattern of guanine oxidation is specific for each telomeric DNA conformation and may serve as an additional tool for probing the G4 topology. The potassium (3+1) and parallel G4 conformations are more susceptible to light-induced oxidation than the sodium G4 conformation or double helix of the telomeric DNA. The major products of the guanine modifications are spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). ZNP1: -induced oxidation of guanines results in the structural rearrangement of parallel and (3+1) G4 conformations yielding an antiparallel-like G4 conformation. The mechanism of the observed light-induced conformational changes is discussed.
Entomoculture: A Preliminary Techno-Economic Assessment (2022)

Cultured meat, or the practice of growing meat from cell culture, has been experiencing rapid advances in research and technology as the field of biotechnology attempts to answer the call to fight climate change and feed a growing global population. A major hurdle for cell-based meat products entering the market in the near-future is their price. The complex production facilities required to make such products will require advanced bioreactor systems, resources such as energy and water, and a skilled labor force, among other factors. The use of insect cells in this process is hypothesized to address some of these costs due to the characteristics that make them more resilient in cell culture when compared to traditional livestock-derived cells. To address the potential for cost savings by utilizing insect cells in the cultivation of protein-enriched foods, here we utilized a techno-economic assessment model. Three different insect cell lines were used in the model. The results indicate that insect cell lines offer potential to significantly reduce the cost per kilogram of cell cultivated meat, along with further opportunities to optimize production processes through technological advances and scaling.
Understanding and Enhancing The Role of Speechreading in Online d/DHH Communication Accessibility (2023)

Speechreading is the art of using visual and contextual cues in the environment to support listening. Often used by d/Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (d/DHH) individuals, it highlights nuances of rich communication. However, lived experiences of speechreaders are underdocumented in HCI literature, and the impact of online environments and interactions of captioning with speechreading has not been explored in depth. We bridge these gaps through a three-part study consisting of formative interviews, design probes, and design sessions with 12 d/DHH individuals who speechread. Our primary contribution is to understand the lived experience of speechreading in online communication, and thus to better understand the richness and variety of techniques d/DHH individuals use to provision access. We highlight technical, environmental and sociocultural factors that impact communication accessibility, explore the design space of speechreading supports and share considerations for the design future of speechreading technology.
Paradigm Changes and the Future of HIV Vaccine Research: A Summary of a Workshop Held in Baltimore on 20 November 2013 (2014)

A workshop entitled: "What type of HIV Vaccine research should be promoted" took place during a virology conference held in Baltimore in November 2013 (www.omicsgroup.com/conferences/virology-2013/). The purpose of this workshop was to discuss new paradigms that better fit our increased knowledge of HIV immunopathology and which could possibly be more helpful in guiding future vaccine research than did past unsuccessful approaches.
AP2 adaptor complex mediates bile salt export pump internalization and modulates its hepatocanalicular expression and transport function (2012)

AP2 mediates the internalization and subsequent degradation of CM-resident BSEP through direct interaction with BSEP and thereby modulates the canalicular expression and transport function of BSEP. This information should be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of severe liver diseases associated with intrahepatic cholestasis.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n-Butane Over Vanadium Magnesium Oxide Catalysts Supported on Nano-Structured MgO and ZrO2: Effect of Oxygen Capacity of the Catalyst (2012)

Vanadium-magnesium oxide catalysts supported on nano-structured MgO and ZrO2 (Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/ZrO2) were prepared by a wet impregnation method with a variation of Mg:Zr ratio (8:1, 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1). For comparison, Mg3(VO4)2/MgO and Mg3(VO4)2/ZrO2 catalysts were also prepared by a wet impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were applied to the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/ZrO2 (Mg:Zr = 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1) and Mg3(VO4)2/ZrO2 catalysts showed a stable catalytic activity during the whole reaction time, while Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/ZrO2 (8:1) and Mg3(VO4)2/MgO catalysts experienced a severe catalyst deactivation. Deactivation of Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/ZrO2 (8:1) and Mg3(VO4)2/MgO catalysts was due to their low oxygen mobility. Effect of oxygen capacity (the amount of oxygen in the catalyst involved in the reaction) of the supported Mg3(V04)2 catalysts on the catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane was investigated. Experimental results revealed that oxygen capacity of the catalyst was closely related to the catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane. A large oxygen capacity of the catalyst was favorable for obtaining a high catalytic activity in this reaction. Among the catalysts tested, Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/ZrO2 (4:1) catalyst with the largest oxygen capacity showed the best catalytic performance.
Numerical modeling of a novel athermal fiber optic cable (2023)

This paper introduces and numerically investigates a special optical fiber cable with zero temperature-induced phase shift. The cable structure consists of stacked layers of two materials with opportune mechanical, thermal, and geometrical properties. This structure allows adjusting the thermal-induced strain to the fiber, resulting in a broad tunability of the bare thermal expansion, including the negative range. By a proper choice of materials, the thickness of each layer, and the radius of the cable, the induced thermal strain can fully compensate for the thermo-optic effect, resulting in a complete temperature insensitivity of the phase shift. This cable may be of great interest in the sensing fields in all those applications where the temperature compensation is critical, such as in low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing. Moreover, it could be relevant for a wide range of telecom applications that require precise thermal control.
Quantitative measurement of total erbB2 (H2T), p110 t-erbB2, and erbB2:erbB3 (H23D) heterodimer expression and p110 t-erbB2 in malignant progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). (2018)

12089 Background: We previously reported that human mammary epithelial cell lines stably expressing p110 t-erbB2, but not p95 nor erbB2 intracellular C-terminal fragment, significantly increased cell migration, invasion and xenograft formation -- more than full length p185 erbB2 [Ward, et al., Oncogene. 2013;32(19):2463-74]. Moreover, published frequency of erbB2 overexpression is higher in DCIS (41%) than IDC(~20%), suggesting erbB2 may play a role in tumor initiation, rather than progression to invasion. We hypothesized that p185 erbB2 in DCIS is insufficient to cause an invasive phenotype, and that enrichment of p110 t-erbB2 facilitates malignant progression to IDC. Methods: H2T, p110 t-erbB2, and H23D were quantified using the proximity-based HERmark and VeraTag assay technology (CLIA/CAP-certified conditions) in 67 DCIS and 70 IDC erbB2-amplified/overexpressed FFPE samples. Macrodissection ensured pure IDC or DCIS samples. Measurements were normalized to cell line standards of known H2T, p110 t-erbB2 and H23D levels, with cutoffs established as previously described [Huang W, et al., Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;134:303-311; Sperinde J, et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(16):4226-35]. Results: p110 t-erbB2 was higher in IDC than DCIS cases (p = 0.036). Level of H2T overexpression was strongly associated with high p110 t-erbB2 levels in IDC patients (R2= 0.51, p < 0.001), but not in DCIS. p110 t-erbB2 difference between IDC vs. DCIS was more pronounced in the H2T overexpressed subset (p < 0.001). H2T and p110 t-erbB2 expression were in agreement with erbB2 IHC staining (H2T p = 0.002; p110 t-erbB2 p = 0.04, respectively); and inversely correlated with estrogen receptor levels (H2T p = 0.009; p110 t-erbB2 p = 0.004, respectively). In IDC, high expression of H23D levels were not significantly different between DCIS and IDC cases (p = 0.13). Conclusions: Our study is the first quantitative assessment of H2T, p110 t-erbB2 as well as H23D expression in both DCIS and IDC. These data suggest a potential pathophysiologic role of p110 t-erbB2 in driving progression of erbB2 positive DCIS to IDC.
Reinvestigation of the Reaction of 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-aryl-1-propanones and Related Compounds with Hydrazine and Carboxylic Acids (1989)

The reaction between the title compounds and hydrazine hydrate in an appropriate carboxylic acid gave 1-acyl/aroyl-3-aryl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazoles 9, instead of 2,5,6-trisubstituted 6,7-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazepines as previously reported. Evidence is presented for the attribution of the correct structure and for the reaction mechanisms involved.
Cryptanalysis of a key exchange scheme based on block matrices. (2009)

In this paper we describe a cryptanalysis of a key exchange scheme recently proposed by ¶ Alvarez, Tortosa, Vicent and Zamora. The scheme is based on exponentiation of block matrices over a flnite fleld of prime order. We present an e‐cient reduction of the problem of disclosing the shared key to the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in an extension of the base fleld.