gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new excitation technique for wide-band short backfire antennas (2005)

A new excitation technique is developed to improve the impedance bandwidth and to lower the manufacturing cost of a short backfire antenna (SBA). The new excitation structure consists of a planar monopole and a microstrip feed line, both of which are printed on the same dielectric substrate. By splitting the printed monopole with a slot, a wide-band performance can be achieved. The new split-monopole-excited SBA achieves an impedance bandwidth of about 15% [voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR <2)] while maintaining good radiation performance. As an example, an SBA configuration with the new excitation topology was designed and measured at the 5 GHz UNII band, and good agreement was observed between the simulation and experiment. The effects of the geometric parameters of the excitation structure on the impedance performance are investigated and the operating mechanism of the split-monopole-excited SBA is discussed. Being a low-cost, high-gain, and wide-band directional antenna, the new SBA can find applications in various wireless systems, such as LMDS, WLAN, and the emerging WiMAX networks.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DIFFERENT BRANCHING STRATEGIES FOR CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEMS (2004)

Many real life problems can be formulated as constraint satisfaction problems &lt;i&gt;(CSPs)&lt;/i&gt;. Backtracking search algorithms are usually employed to solve &lt;i&gt;CSPs&lt;/i&gt; and in backtracking search the choice of branching strategies can be critical since they specify how a search algorithm can instantiate a variable and how a problem can be reduced into subproblems; that is, they define a search tree. In spite of the apparent importance of the branching strategy, there have been only a few empirical studies about different branching strategies and they all have been tested exclusively for numerical constraints. In this thesis, we employ the three most commonly used branching strategies in solving finite domain &lt;i&gt;CSPs&lt;/i&gt;. These branching strategies are described as follows: first, a branching strategy with strong commitment assigns its variables in the early stage of the search as in k-Way branching; second, 2-Way branching guides a search by branching one side with assigning a variable and the other with eliminating the assigned value; third, the domain splitting strategy, based on the least commitment principle, branches by dividing a variable's domain rather than by assigning a single value to a variable. In our experiments, we compared the efficiency of different branching strategies in terms of their execution times and the number of choice points in solving finite domain &lt;i&gt;CSPs&lt;/i&gt;. Interestingly, our experiments provide evidence that the choice of branching strategy for finite domain problems does not matter much in most cases--provided we are using an effective variable ordering heuristic--as domain splitting and 2-Way branching end up simulating k-Way branching. However, for an optimization problem with large domain size, the branching strategy with the least commitment principle can be more efficient than the other strategies. This empirical study will hopefully interest other practitioners to take different branching schemes into consideration in designing heuristics.
Studies on the constituents of Thalictrum thunbergii DC. I. (1984)

Three flavone derivatives, TT-a (1), TT-b (2) and TT-c (3), were isolated from Thalictrum thunbergii DC. Compound 1 was characterized as apigenin 7, 4'-bis-O-β-D-allopyranoside, and 2 and 3 were found to be acetyl derivatives of TT-a (1).
Molecular Recognition : ${\alpha}$ -Cyclodextrin and Aspirin Inclusion Complexation (1992)

Molecular interaction between -cyclodextrin and aspirin was studied by UV, -NMR and -NMR spectroscopy analyses for solution complex and by FT-IR analyses for solid complex. The inclusion structure provides a basic understanding of the aspirin and -cyclodextrin interaction.
Controlled Sawteeth for Helium Exhaust (1998)

The influence of controlled sawteeth on thermal helium exhaust is explored using the BALDUR 1½-dimensional transport code for an ARIES-I-type plasma. Sawteeth are shown to be useful for removing thermal helium from the central region to the outer region of a tokamak plasma. Outer region transport enhancement is found essential for removing the ash from the outer region. It is found that the optimal sawtooth period to give the minimum thermal helium level (or maximum fusion power) is several times larger than the fast alpha-particle slowing-down time for an ARIES-I-type driven plasma. With a sawtooth period of ~5 s and helium transport selectively enhanced by one order of magnitude relative to the diffusion of hydrogenic ions, the fusion power increases ~30% compared to the case without sawteeth/without enhancement. It is also found that sawteeth combined with outer region transport enhancement have the potential to advantageously reduce the helium concentration.
Cordyceps mushroom with increased cordycepin content by the cultivation on edible insects (2022)

Cordycepin is the major constituent of <i>Cordyceps</i> mushroom (or <i>Cordyceps militaris</i>) with therapeutic potential. Insects are the direct sources of nutrients for <i>Cordyceps</i> in nature. Therefore, optimized condition of <i>Cordyceps</i> cultivation for efficient cordycepin production was explored using six edible insects as substrates. The highest yield of cordycepin was produced by the cultivation on <i>Allomyrina dichotoma</i> and was 34 times that on <i>Bombyx mori</i> pupae. Among insect components, fat content was found to be important for cordycepin production. Especially, a positive correlation was deduced between oleic acid content and cordycepin production. The transcriptional levels of <i>cns1</i> and <i>cns2</i>, genes involved in cordycepin biosynthesis, were higher in <i>Cordyceps</i> grown on <i>A. dichotoma</i> than on other insects tested. The addition of oleic acid to the substrates increased cordycepin production together with the transcriptional levels of <i>cns1</i> and <i>cns2</i>. Therefore, <i>Cordyceps</i> with high content of cordycepin can be secured by the cultivation on insects.
350 Incidence and Long-term Health Care Utilization Associated with Pseudomeningocoele Repair Following Vestibular Schwanomma Resection: A National Database Analysis (2022)

INTRODUCTION: Long-term health care utilization of patients who developed CSF leak and Pseudomeningocoele (PSM) following Vestibular Schwanomma (VS) surgery is not well defined. METHODS: MarketScan database were queried using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions and Current Procedural Terminology 4, from 2000 to 2018. We included patients 18 years of age with PSM diagnosis with at least 2 years of continuous enrollment. Outcomes analyzed were hospital admissions, outpatient services, medication refills and their associated payments. RESULTS: Of 1460 patients, 96.6% (n = 1411) had no PSM following surgery for VS, 2.4% (n = 35) were in s-PSM and only 0.95% (n = 14) were in ns-PSM cohorts. Patients in the s-PSM cohort incurred higher hospital readmission rate, outpatient payments compared to those in nd-PSM and ns-PSM cohorts at 6 months, 1-year and 2 –years following the following VS resection. At 1-year following VS resection, median combined payments for s-PSM cohort were $74,683 compared to $42,664 for ns-PSM and $9476 for nd-PSM cohort, p &lt; 0.0001 Similarly, at 2-years, median combined payments median combined payments for s-PSM cohort were $83,351 compared to $63,942 for ns-PSM and $18,839 for nd-PSM cohort, p &lt; 0.0001. CONCLUSION: Patients in s-PSM cohort incurred 8 times and 4.4 times the combined payments at 1- and 2-years respectively compared to nd-PSM cohort. Also, patients in ns-PSM cohort incurred 4.5 times and 3.4 times the payments compared to nd-PSM cohort.
High-level expression of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus spheroidin depends on sequences within the gene. (1998)

Spheroidin (SPH) is the most highly expressed gene of the entomopoxvirus isolated from Amsacta moorei (AmEPV). The level of expression of poxvirus genes is believed to be governed in large part by the promoter. Poxvirus promoters generally consist of approximately 40 bp which frequently terminate at the 3' end with a translation initiating TAAATG sequence. We have examined the requirements for high levels of SPH gene expression by constructing AmEPV recombinants containing either the SPH promoter or the late vertebrate poxvirus promoter derived from the cowpox virus A-type inclusion (ATI) gene. In addition, we have examined SPH promoter derivatives which extend beyond the 3' TAAATG to include 2 or 20 bp of the 5' coding sequence of the SPH gene. Examination of insect cells infected with these AmEPV ATI-lacZ or SPH-lacZ recombinants suggests that ATI-lacZ expression begins 12 h before and is essentially complete prior to any SPH-lacZ expression, allowing functional distinction between the ATI and SPH promoters and implying that different factors regulate the two promoters within the insect environment. SPH promoter-regulated expression is significantly enhanced within infected insect cells by including the additional 20 bp of the N-terminal SPH coding sequences as part of the promoter. However, when any of the SPH promoter constructs, including those containing the downstream sequences, were inserted into vaccinia virus, only very low levels of beta-galactosidase expression were observed. These results imply that downstream coding sequences within the SPH gene enhance SPH gene expression only within the insect environment.
Manganese cytochrome c. Structure and properties. (1977)

Oxidized and reduced manganese cytochromes c, Mn Cyt c+ and Mn Cyt c, have been synthesized. Mn Cyt c+ and Fe Cyt c+ have identical electrophoretic and ion exchange mobilities. Mn Cyt c+ does not bind F-, CN-, or N3- ions; Mn Cyt c does not bind CO or O2. Mn Cyt c is very rapidly autooxidized by O2 even at -50 degrees. The manganese ion is readily dissociated from Mn Cyt c at acidic pH values. Both Mn Cyt c and Mn Cyt c+ are high spin complexes with 3d5 S = 5/2 and 3d4 S = 2 electronic configurations, respectively. The epr spectrum of Mn Cyt c is rhombic with (formula: see text). Both oxidized and reduced Mn Cyt c react with NO; the former reaction is reversible and the product has the following epr spectral parameters: (formula: see text). There is no superhyperfine interaction observable with the NO ligand, and the unpaired electron density is estimated to be mostly in the metal ion d xy orbital. The structure is best formulated as Mn Cyt c (NO)+. The half-reduction potential of Mn Cyt c is + 60 +/- 40 mV. It is neither oxidized by cytochrome oxidase nor reduced by NADH, NADPH, or succinate cytochrome reductase. These physical, chemical, and enzymic properties of manganese cytochromes c suggest a five-coordinate metalloporphyrin prosthetic group with the manganese ion situated significantly out-of-plane toward the side of His-18.
Aspect Based Sentimental Analysis of Hotel Reviews: A Comparative Study (2020)

The increasing use of the internet enables users to share their opinion about what they like and dislike regarding products and services. For efficient decision making, there is a need to analyze these reviews. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is commonly used to detect polarity (positive or negative) of reviews. But, it does not show the aspect or orientation of the text. In this study, state-of-art approaches based on supervised machine learning employed to perform three tasks on the dataset provided by SemEval. Tasks A and B are related to predicting the aspect of the restaurant’s reviews, whereas task C shows their polarity. Additionally, this study aims to compare the performance of two feature engineering techniques and five machine learning algorithms to evaluate their performance on a publicly available dataset named SemEval-2015 Task 12. The experimental results showed that the word2vec features when used with the support vector machine algorithm outperformed by giving 76%, 72% and 79% off overall accuracies for Task A, Task B, and Task C respectively. Our comparative study holds practical significance and can be used as a baseline study in the domain of aspect-based sentiment analysis.
Heat-shock response and limitation of tissue necrosis during occlusion/reperfusion in rabbit hearts. (1993)

BACKGROUND Induction of stress proteins, such as heat-shock protein 71 (HSP71), is associated with cardioprotection in isolated ischemic myocardium. We tested this hypothesis in rabbits pretreated with whole-body hyperthermia and then subjected to 30 or 45 minutes of regional coronary occlusion (CO) followed by 3 hours reperfusion (Rep). METHODS AND RESULTS Control rabbits did not undergo whole-body hyperthermia; heat-shocked (HS) rabbits were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42 degrees C for 15 minutes. Rabbits were allowed to recover from whole-body hyperthermia for 24 or 40 hours and were then subjected to CO/Rep. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded during the experiments. Area of necrosis (tetrazolium staining) was normalized to anatomic risk zone size (microsphere autoradiography). In rabbits treated with whole-body hyperthermia and 24 hours of recovery, infarct size was significantly reduced in HS rabbits compared with control rabbits (41.2 +/- 7.8% versus 23.2 +/- 6.6%; p &lt; or = 0.05; mean +/- SD) after 30 minutes of CO and 3 hours of Rep. Risk zone size was similar for the two experimental groups. In rabbits treated with whole-body hyperthermia and 40 hours of recovery, infarct size was similar for control and HS animals with either 30 or 45 minutes of CO (p = NS) and 3 hours of Rep. Risk zone size and area of necrosis were similar for these experimental groups. Biopsies from ischemic and nonischemic myocardium were obtained from rabbits at 24 and 40 hours after heat shock and control rabbits to verify expression of HSP71; expression was determined by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a considerable increase in expression of HSP71 in myocardium from hyperthermia-treated rabbits. Infarct size was significantly reduced after 30 minutes of CO and 3 hours of Rep in hearts at 24 but not 40 hours after heat shock compared with control hearts. We conclude that heat shock-induced cardioprotection is transient and delays the onset of irreversible myocardial injury caused by ischemia.
Advanced Non-animal Models in Biomedical Research: Breast Cancer (2020)

The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has undertaken a study to review available and emerging non-animal models in the field of breast cancer. In this literature review around 120,000 scientific papers on breast cancer were screened and from those a total of 935 models were identified as being the most representative and promising.\nThese models are based mainly on techniques that use cells and tissues cultured in the laboratory (in vitro), computer modelling and simulation (in silico) or cells and tissues explanted from a patient (ex vivo).\nThis study has produced a unique and highly curated knowledge base that contains detailed descriptions of 935 non-animal models being used for breast cancer research. It is freely available to download and can serve the needs of multiple stakeholders: researchers, educators, funding bodies, and support the implementation of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Projektbericht ePubWU 2001-2003 (2004)

ePubWU is an electronic platform for scientific publications of the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. The report deals with the experiences and "lessons learned" after two years project duration.
Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy (2002)

Children with medically refractory epilepsy may benefit from neurosurgical interventions. As in adults, temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe seizure focus gives good rates of long-term seizure freedom. Neocortical foci are more common in children and often require invasive monitoring with different resective surgeries to treat. Hemispherectomy in patients with unilateral epilepsy and hemispheric deficits has a good outcome as well. Corpus callosotomy and vagus nerve stimulation are effective tools to reduce seizure severity and frequency in children who are not candidates for resective surgery.
Recent progress in the discovery of ghrelinO-acyltransferase (GOAT) inhibitors (2020)

Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide hormone which stimulates appetite. For ghrelin to exert its orexigenic effect, octanoylation on the serine-3 residue of this gut-brain peptide is essential. The octanoylation of ghrelin is mediated by a unique acyltransferase enzyme known as ghrelin <i>O</i>-acyltransferase (GOAT). Thus modulating this enzyme offers viable approaches to alter feeding behaviors. Over the past decade, several small-molecule based approaches have appeared dealing with the discovery of compounds able to modulate this enzyme for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Drug discovery efforts from academic groups and several pharmaceutical companies have fielded compounds having efficacy in altering acylated ghrelin levels in animal models but to date, compounds modulating the activity of the GOAT enzyme do not yet represent clinical options. This mini-review covers the drug discovery approaches of the last decade since the discovery of the GOAT enzyme.
Simple assay of calcium dependency for virulent plasmid-bearing clones of Yersinia enterocolitica (1990)

A simplified procedure to detect the calcium dependency of virulent plasmid-bearing strains of Yersinia enterocolitica was developed. A low-calcium, agarose-based medium of brain heat infusion with added magnesium effectively differentiated plasmid-bearing and plasmidless isolates. Further, the expression of calcium dependency in plasmid-bearing strains of Y. enterocolitica as measured by the average colony diameter was proportional to the calcium concentration of the assay.
Lossless and muxless frequency comb modulation (2020)

We review optical modulation using temporal reshaping based on segments with interleaved phase modulation and dispersion. The proposed technique is compared to traditional IQmodulators with focus on generating frequency comb-based superchannels.
A control-oriented model of underwater snake robots exposed to currents (2015)

This paper presents a control-oriented model of a neutrally buoyant underwater snake robot that is exposed to a constant irrotational current. The robot is assumed to move in a horizontal, fully submerged plane with a sinusoidal gait pattern and limited link angles. The intention behind the proposed model is to describe the qualitative behaviour of the robot by a simplified kinematic approach, thus neglecting some of the non-linear effects that do not significantly contribute to the overall behaviour. This results in a model with significantly less complex dynamic equations than existing models, which makes the new model well-fitted for control design and analysis. An existing, more complex model and a class of sinusoidal gait patterns are analysed, leading to several properties that serve as a basis for the simplified model. Some of the revealed properties are also valid for ground robots. Simulations that qualitatively validate the theoretical results are presented.
Amphritea atlantica gen. nov., sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium from the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (2008)

A novel Gram-negative, motile, aerobic rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a Bathymodiolus sp. specimen collected from the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The novel strain, M41(T), was catalase- and oxidase-positive and metabolised various carbohydrates and amino acids. It grew well in marine broth with an optimal growth temperature of 31 degrees C to 34 degrees C (range 4-40 degrees C) and salinity requirement of 3% (range 0.3-9%). The pH range for growth was pH 4.6 to 9.5, with an optimum at pH 8.0. The predominant fatty acids were C(16:1)omega7c, C(16:0) and C(18:1)omega7c. The DNA G+C content of strain M41(T) was 52.2 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was 94 % similar to that of the type strain of Oceanospirillum beijerinckii, the closest cultivated relative. Other related type strains were Oceanospirillum multiglobuliferum (93% gene sequence similarity), Neptunomonas naphthovorans (92%) and Marinobacterium jannaschii (92%). According to phylogenetic analysis and physiological characteristics, it is suggested that strain M41(T) represents a new genus and novel species for which the name Amphritea atlantica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M41(T) (=DSM 18887(T)=LMG 24143(T)).
Tunable Optical Bistability in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Nonlinear Defect Coupled by Graphene Sheets (2017)

The optical bistability in one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with a nonlinear defect is investigated. It is demonstrated that, by introducing graphene layers into the nonlinear defect, the optical bistability in 1DPC can be changed significantly. The hysteresis threshold increases with the number of graphene monolayers and can be lowered or enhanced by tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. On the other hand, the hysteresis width and the nonlinear lateral shift can also be controlled by varying the Femi energy and the number of graphene monolayers. These results may be useful for controlling the optical bistability and nonlinear lateral shift in 1DPCs.
Posttranscriptional Regulatory Elements Enhance Antigen Expression and DNA Vaccine Efficacy (2009)

In higher eukaryotes, introns are usually required for efficient pre-mRNA processing. However, some viruses have alternative approaches involving posttranscriptional regulatory elements (PREs) to enhance intronless heterologous gene expression through enabling stability and 3' end formation, and to facilitate the nucleocytoplasmic export of unspliced mRNAs. In the current study, we compared the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immediate/early (IE) intronA, as well as virus-derived PREs-the PRE of Hepatitis B virus (HPRE) and Woodchuck Hepatitis virus (WPRE) on their ability to enhance antigen gene expression in vitro and immune responses induced by DNA vaccination in animal. Among all the constructs, the plasmids carrying the HPRE element showed the highest gene expression level in both in vivo and in vitro models. During immunization of mice with low doses (10 microg) of HIV-1 DNA vaccine, only -intronA/+HPRE and +intronA/+HPRE vaccine constructs induced anti-Gag antibodies, although the -intronA/+WPRE construct also elicited antigen-specific cellular immune responses. In addition, pInHGag (+intronA/+HPRE) at a 10 mug dose could induce higher anti-Gag antibody level than that induced by pGag (-intronA/-HPRE) or pInGag (+intronA/-HPRE) at 40 microg dose (p < 0.05). Our data are useful for the optimization of heterologous expression and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.