gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Producing Bacterial Wilt-Free Ginger in Greenhouse Culture (2004)

A bacterial wilt is the factor most limiting yields of culinary ginger in Hawaii. A system developed to produce ginger in an artificial medium in greenhouse culture is described.
A Nitrocellulose-Based Microfluidic Device for Generation of Concentration Gradients and Study of Bacterial Chemotaxis (2013)

We have developed a three-channel microfluidic device with embedded chambers useful for the study of bacterial chemotaxis and sample processing. The device is capable of generating linear chemical gradients in the embedded chambers that are free of flow disturbances. These linear chemical gradients are established by diffusing a chemical through widely available nitrocellulose material that serves as a permeable membrane between the adjacent supply channels and embedded chambers. The generated gradients were confirmed by measuring the fluorescent molecules diffused through the source channel into the chamber on a fluorescence microscope. As the gradients were generated without through-flow, cell movement in the chambers is caused solely by the cells' random motility or chemotactic response up or down a chemical gradient and not interfered by fluid flow. A precise laser cutting technique was utilized to create the microfluidic design in the membrane layer. The advantages of this microfluidic design are (i) a rapid implementation of a static chemical gradient can be established; (ii) two chemoeffectors can be simultaneously studied and compared; (iii) multiple chambers can be used for a reproducible study; (iv) the design can be fabricated at a low cost. Using a Nikon Ti microscope, food borne pathogen E Coli O157 was observed in the microfluidic device to swim toward the attractant, L-aspartic acid (500 uM) and away from the repellent, NiCl2 (500 uM). The chemotactic responses to the chemicals were quantified using the cell population ratios in the chambers close to the source channel and the buffer channel respectively.
Effects of gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, microwaves and electromagnetic fields on gene expression mediated by human immunodeficiency virus promoter. (1994)

Previous work by our group and others has shown the modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter or long terminal repeat (LTR) after exposure to neutrons and ultraviolet radiations. Using HeLa cells stably transfected with a construct containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, the transcription of which is mediated by the HIV-LTR, we designed experiments to examine the effects of exposure to different types of radiation (such as gamma rays, ultraviolet and sunlight irradiations, electromagnetic fields and microwaves) on HIV-LTR-driven expression of CAT. These results demonstrated ultraviolet-light-induced transcription from the HIV promoter, as has been shown by others. Exposure to other DNA-damaging agents such as gamma rays and sunlight (with limited exposures) had no significant effect on transcription mediated by HIV-LTR, suggesting that induction of HIV is not mediated by just any type of DNA damage but rather may require specific types of DNA damage. Microwaves did not cause cell killing when cells in culture were exposed in high volumes of medium, and the same cells showed no changes in expression. When microwave exposure was carried out in low volumes of medium (so that excessive heat was generated) induction of HIV-LTR transcription (as assayed by CAT activity) was evident. Electromagnetic field exposures had no effect on expression of HIV-LTR. These results demonstrate that not all types of radiation and not all DNA-damaging agents are capable of inducing HIV. We hypothesize that induction of HIV transcription may be mediated by several different signals after exposure to radiation.
Towards a circular supply chain for PV modules: Review of today's challenges in PV recycling, refurbishment and re‐certification (2019)

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) waste, associated to the exponentially growing PV installations on global scale, presents today an emerging environmental challenge but also brings unprecedented and multifold value creation opportunities. In this context, significant PV business and research and development (R&amp;D) efforts shift towards establishing a more sustainable, environmentally friendly and economically viable end‐of‐life (EoL) management for PV modules: including recycling, recovery of raw materials, repair/refurbishment and even re‐use of decommissioned or failed PV modules. In the CIRCUSOL project, PV partners aspire to formalize the repair/refurbish and re‐use value chains in the PV industry and propose a circular business model, based on a product‐service system (PSS). Towards these goals, this review study introduces the relevant research groundwork, a status overview and today's R&amp;D and business challenges in PV recycling, repair/refurbishment and re‐certification aspects for second‐life PV modules. The topics and the relevant reported literature are examined from both circular economy and technology perspective. The review indicates a considerable technological and operational know‐how in PV EoL management that already exists and continuously evolves in mature PV markets. On the other hand, R&amp;D in repair/refurbishment of decommissioned and/or failed PV modules remains scarce, and best practices and commercial services for reliability testing/re‐certification and trading of second‐life PV modules are neither standardized nor consolidated into any PSS or business model.
Highly Stereo- and Regio-Selective Intramolecular Cyclization with Diastereoselective Asymmetric Induction by Electroreduction of Optically Active N-Alkenyl-2-Acylpyrrolidines (2011)

Electroreduction of optically active (S)- and (R)-N-(3-butenyl)(or (R)-N-benzyl)-2-acetylpyrrolidines (1a) and (1b) (or (2b)) were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide containing Et4NOTs as a supporting electrolyte, which brought about highly stereo- and regioselective intramolecular cyclization with diastereoselective asymmetric induction to give the corresponding (4S,5R,6S)- and (4R,5S,6R)-cis-4,5-dimethyl-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-5-ols (3a) and (3b) (or (8R,9S,10R)-9-methyl-1-azatricycro[8.3.01,10.03,8]tridecane-9-ol-3,6-diene (4b)) in 66% and 49% (or 31%) yields, respectively.
Impact of mutation intensity on evolutionary test model learning (2015)

Automation in the software testing process has significant impact on the overall software development in industry. The focus of this paper is on automation of test case design via model-based testing for automotive embedded software. A new method based on an evolutionary algorithm for acquiring the necessary test model automatically from sample test cases and additional sources of information was designed and this paper investigates the impact of mutation intensity on the evolutionary learning process.
Objective Quality and Intelligibility Prediction for Users of Assistive Listening Devices: Advantages and limitations of existing tools (2015)

This article presents an overview of twelve existing objective speech quality and intelligibility prediction tools. Two classes of algorithms are presented, namely intrusive and non-intrusive, with the former requiring the use of a reference signal, while the latter does not. Investigated metrics include both those developed for normal hearing listeners, as well as those tailored particularly for hearing impaired (HI) listeners who are users of assistive listening devices (i.e., hearing aids, HAs, and cochlear implants, CIs). Representative examples of those optimized for HI listeners include the speech-to-reverberation modulation energy ratio, tailored to hearing aids (SRMR-HA) and to cochlear implants (SRMR-CI); the modulation spectrum area (ModA); the hearing aid speech quality (HASQI) and perception indices (HASPI); and the PErception MOdel - hearing impairment quality (PEMO-Q-HI). The objective metrics are tested on three subjectively-rated speech datasets covering reverberation-alone, noise-alone, and reverberation-plus-noise degradation conditions, as well as degradations resultant from nonlinear frequency compression and different speech enhancement strategies. The advantages and limitations of each measure are highlighted and recommendations are given for suggested uses of the different tools under specific environmental and processing conditions.
Lattice distortion and stripelike antiferromagnetic order inCa10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 (2014)

${\mathrm{Ca}}_{10}$(${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{8}$)(${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$)${}_{5}$ is the parent compound for a class of Fe-based high-temperature superconductors where superconductivity with transition temperatures up to 30 K can be introduced by partial element substitution. We present a combined high-resolution high-energy x-ray diffraction and elastic neutron scattering study on a ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{10}$(${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{8}$)(${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$)${}_{5}$ single crystal. This study reveals the microscopic nature of two distinct and continuous phase transitions to be very similar to other Fe-based high-temperature superconductors: an orthorhombic distortion of the high-temperature tetragonal Fe-As lattice below ${T}_{\mathrm{S}}=110(2)$ K followed by stripelike antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe moments below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=96(2)$ K. These findings demonstrate that major features of the Fe-based high-temperature superconductors are very robust against variations in chemical constitution as well as structural imperfection of the layers separating the Fe-As layers from each other and confirms that the Fe-As layers primarily determine the physics in this class of material.
H-Gallosilicate (MFI) propane aromatization catalyst: influence of calcination temperature on acidity and deactivation due to coking (1996)

H-Gallosilicate (MFI) (bulk Si/Ga = 33) calcined at different temperatures (600-1100° C) has been characterized for its acidity/acid strength distribution (by step wise thermal desorption and chemisorption of pyridine at 100-400° C), acid function by acid catalyzed model reactions (viz. isooctane cracking (at 400° C) for external acid sites and o-xylene isomerization (at 400° C) and toluene disproportionation (at 500° C) for overall acid sites), crystallinity by XRD, incorporation of Ga in the zeolite framework by 71 Ga MAS NMR and FTIR, and framework and non-framework Ga by 29 Si MAS NMR and bulk chemical analysis. Influence of the calcination temperature on the catalytic activity/selectivity and catalyst deactivation due to coking in the propane aromatization process (at 550° C) has also been thoroughly investigated. The acidity, framework Ga, crystallinity and catalytic activity and catalyst deactivation in the propane aromatization are found to be strongly influenced by the calcination temperature, mostly because of the extensive degalliation of the zeolite, depending upon the calcination temperature. The product selectivity, shape selectivity and dehydrogenation activity relative to cracking activity, of the zeolite in the propane aromatization are influenced strongly by the calcination temperature and also by the catalyst deactivation due to coking.
CAN INSILICO SCREENING SYSTEMS PROVIDE US WITH THE TOOLS TO PREDICT THE DMPK PROPERTIES OF DRUGS IN THE DISCOVERY PROCESS? (2001)

Although advancements in combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening (HTS) have been very effective at producing “lead compounds” against a particular target, these compounds do not necessarily demonstrate acceptable DMPK properties concerning oral absorption, metabolic stability and CYP inhibition. In vitro DMPK studies introducing higher throughput capabilities are very useful but costly in the lead optimization process, and they might have not resulted in an overall increased efficiency in the drug development process. Recent trends in lead optimization are to use virtual screening to generate a drug candidate's DMPK profile. Here we present our experiences about the application of in silico techniques to predict the intestinal absorption, plasma protein binding and CYP inhibition. Applying in silico DMPK analysis early in the drug development cycle should save time and money in alliance with experimentally based methods including HTS, because this enables the virtual redesign of candidates in lead optimization. The sophisticated HTS systems and the integrated in silico approach are set to become partners, each compensating for the weakness of the other, in bringing new drug candidates to market.
Formation of AOX and OCI in ECF-bleaching of birch pulp (2004)

How does the hexenuronic acid (HexA) in birch kraft pulp influence the formation of chlorinated organic substances in the effluent (AOX) and in the pulp (OCI)? Industrial birch chips cooked to different kappa numbers were oxygen delignified, treated in a hot acid stage, or not pretreated at all before D(EP)D bleaching. The AOX and OCI contents were determined and the filtrate from the first D stage was also stored for 10 days at pH 7 and 35°C, and the AOX levels were determined again. The amount of HexA removed in the first D stage correlated with the unstable part of the AOX formed in this stage, with this unstable part consisting of the AOX that is eliminated during 10 days of storage. This linear relationship is strong evidence that the unstable AOX originates from HexA. The levels of stable AOX and OCI on the other hand, correlated with the Klason lignin content of the pulp.
Introductory Comments (1996)

"Introductory Comments." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 284(1), p. vii
Perspectives: A Kinder, Gentler Higher Education: Making Colleges More Interesting to the Public (1990)

"Perspectives: A Kinder, Gentler Higher Education: Making Colleges More Interesting to the Public." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 22(1), p. 31
[P1–175]: ANNEXIN V PREVENTS β‐AMYLOID‐INDUCED TOXITY IN CHOROID PLEXUS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ALZHEIMER's and ACUTE DISEASE (2017)

Annexin V (AV) has been shown to prevent amyloid-beta toxicity in neuronal cell cultures. Our previous study indicated enhanced AV expression in choroid plexus in very early stages (pre-clinical stages) of Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) suggesting a putative protective role. In this work the ability of AV to reduce cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta in choroid plexus will be investigated. We used choroid plexus tissue samples from early stages of AD patients and primary choroid plexus cell cultures from rats. We observed that choroid plexus tissue samples from early stages of AD patients simultaneously exhibited enhanced AV levels and low amyloid-beta accumulation and cell death. In the primary choroid plexus cultures we observed that AV increased the cell viability in presence of amyloid-beta and inhibited the amyloid-beta toxicity. This process could also be linked to the mitochondrial damage as AV prevented the amyloid-beta-induced mitochondrial depolarisation as well as the subsequent mitochondrial calcium overload. Additionally, we also found AV modulated the autophagic events induced by amyloid-beta in the choroid plexus primary cultures. These results suggest that AV prevents amyloid-beta-induced citotoxicity in the choroid plexus modulating autophagy in a mitochondrial-dependent manner.
Temperature and pressure effects on pressure-scanned etalons and gratings (1975)

Various factors affecting the performance of pressure-scanned etalon and grating spectrophotometers are examined. The mechanical properties of the etalon plate, etalon spacer, and grating substrate materials are sometimes important, as is the temperature dependence of the spring constant for the etalon holder springs. The advantage to be gained etalon holder. from invar construction is usually negligible for a properly designed.
Bilaterale Nephrektomie bei ESRD und schwerer Therapie-refraktärer arterieller Hypertonie (2010)

Dargestellt wird den Fall einer Adoleszentin mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz auf dem Boden einer PSH-Nephritis. Sie wurde im Alter von 16J. mit Hyperkaliämie und GFR &lt;10ml/min/1,73m2 zur Akuthämodialyse überwiesen, Monate bis Jahre zuvor waren Schübe einer Purpura vorangegangen, weitere Diagnostik blieb damals aus. Histologie jetzt FSGS. Die Nierenfunktion konsolidierte sich nicht, nach 4 Wo. Wechsel auf Peritonealdialyse.
High Temperature Bulk Copolymerization of Butyl Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate: Reactivity Ratio Estimation (1999)

In order to extend the validity of existing mechanistic polymerization models, it is necessary to conduct experiments beyond typical temperature ranges. Bulk copolymerizations of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate were performed over an expanded temperature range (60 to 140°C) compared to most studies published to date which have focused on a more limited temperature range (60 to 80°C). From the large amount of collected data, reactivity ratios were estimated at five different temperatures. The reactivity ratios were estimated from low conversion copolymer composition data using the error-in-variables model method (EVM). The low conversion data were subsequently coupled with high conversion data and the reactivity ratios were re-estimated using non-linear parameter estimation based on the integrated copolymer composition equation. Using all of the available data, temperature-dependent expressions were developed for the reactivity ratios. The copolymer composition data conformed to the Mayo-Lewis kinetic model over the entire temperature range and departures from this model due to depropagation reactions, a concern at elevated temperatures, were not observed.
Hepatic stellate cell activation in dysplastic nodules: evidence for an alternate hypothesis concerning human hepatocarcinogenesis (1997)

We have previously suggested that dysplastic nodules (also referred to as "adenomatous hyperplasia" or "macroregenerative nodules"), likely precursors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), develop as an infiltrating clonal expansion, in advance of or parallel to cirrhosis. As part of this hypothesis, to explain aspects of their gross and microscopic appearance, we suggested that dysplastic nodules are resistant to the scarring process affecting the rest of the liver. We sought to test this hypothesis by examining the distribution of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the hallmark of hepatic scarring, in cirrhotic nodules, dysplastic nodules and HCC. We immunohistochemically stained 56 cirrhotic nodules, 20 low grade dysplastic nodules, 27 high grade dysplastic nodules, and 20 HCCs with monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin to identify activated HSCs. Distribution and number of HSCs were graded semiquantitatively (0 to 4+). In our results, HSCs were significantly less widespread in dysplastic nodules than in cirrhotic nodules or in HCCs (both: p < 0.00001). HSCs were also more prominent in the periphery of dysplastic nodules than in the center, though still fewer in number than in cirrhotic nodules. In conclusion, the low number of activated HSCs in dysplastic nodules, compared to both cirrhotic nodules and HCC, supports our hypothesis concerning dysplastic nodule development: that they arise as clonal expansions of neoplastic hepatocytes in advance of, or parallel to, the development of cirrhosis.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. (1988)

The Scientific Board of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in pathology. Each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, research workers, or scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in pathology that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another.The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Pathology of the California Medical Association and the summaries were prepared under its direction.
The Effect of Low Molecular Weight Multifunctional Additives on Heavy Oil Viscosity (2010)

Abstract Highly viscous heavy oil and bitumen are becoming more important in the world energy mix as conventional resources decline. Any successful in situ recovery process must mobilize the highly viscous bitumen and move it to a production well. Standard methods use heat provided by steam (SAGD) or solvent (VAPEX), with encouraging combinations of steam and solvent (ES-SAGD) but these routes have inefficiencies. Alternative ways of mobilizing bitumen might involve viscosity reduction management of more fundamental controls on bitumen viscosity including managing internal physicochemical interactions between the interacting functional groups on different crude oil molecular components. Here we examine the impact of low molecular weight multiheteroatom species (LMWMH) as molecular Velcro linking high molecular weight moieties together by multiple interactions. Most species tested showed only a viscosity reducing dilution effect whereas THF/aniline as an additive showed an additional viscosity reducing effect particularly at low volume fraction of the additive. Considering that this additive is soluble in water and therefore easily transportable to the subsurface bitumen makes it a promising candidate for enhanced in situ bitumen viscosity reduction and thus improved in situ bitumen mobility.
l-Arginine Availability Modulates Local Nitric Oxide Production and Parasite Killing in Experimental Trypanosomiasis (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule of the immune system in eliminating numerous pathogens. Peritoneal macrophages from Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mice express type II NO synthase (NOS-II), produce NO, and kill parasites in the presence of L-arginine in vitro. Nevertheless, parasites proliferate in the vicinity of these macrophages in vivo. The present study shows that L-arginine availability modulates NO production. Trypanosomes use L-arginine for polyamine synthesis, required for DNA and trypanothione synthesis. Moreover, arginase activity is up-regulated in macrophages from infected mice from the first days of infection. Arginase competes with NOS-II for their common substrate, L-arginine. In vitro, arginase inhibitors decreased urea production, increased macrophage nitrite production, and restored trypanosome killing. In vivo, a dramatic decrease in L-arginine concentration was observed in plasma from infected mice. In situ restoration of NO production and trypanosome killing were observed when excess L-arginine, but not D-arginine or L-arginine plus N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (a NOS inhibitor), was injected into the peritoneum of infected mice. These data indicate the role of L-arginine depletion, induced by arginase and parasites, in modulating the L-arginine-NO pathway under pathophysiological conditions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Structure, Dynamics, and Functionality of Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Degradasomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Stably expressed GFP-TNKS1 localizes to TNKSi-induced degradasomes in SW480 cells.&lt;/p&gt;