gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Current-Induced Calcium Trafficking in Different Neuronal Preparations (2016)

The influence of direct current (DC) stimulation on radioactive calcium trafficking in sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, spinal cord, and synaptosomes was investigated. The exposure to DC enhanced calcium redistribution in all of these preparations. The effect was dependent on the strength of the stimulation and extended beyond the phase of exposure to DC. The DC-induced increase in calcium sequestration by synaptosomes was significantly reduced by cobalt and rupture of synaptosomes by osmotic shock. Although both anodal and cathodal currents were effective, the experiments with two electrodes of different areas revealed that cathodal stimulation exerted stronger effect. The exposure to DC induced not only relocation but also redistribution of calcium within segments of the sciatic nerve. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid by preincubation of synaptosomes with neuroaminidase, or carrying out the experiments in sodium-free environment, amplified DC-induced calcium accumulation.
Human NK cells confer protection against HIV-1 infection in humanized mice (2022)

The role of NK cells against HIV-1 infections remains to be elucidated in vivo. While humanized mouse models potentially could be used to directly evaluate human NK cell responses during HIV-1 infection, improved functional development of human NK cells in these hosts is needed. Here, we report the humanized MISTRG-6-15 mouse model, in which NK cells were quick to expand and exhibit degranulation, cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory cytokine production in nonlymphoid organs upon HIV-1 infection but had reduced functionality in lymphoid organs. Although HIV-1 infection induced functional impairment of NK cells, antiretroviral therapy reinvigorated NK cells in response to HIV-1 rebound after analytic treatment interruption. Moreover, a broadly neutralizing antibody, PGT121, enhanced NK cell function in vivo, consistent with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Monoclonal antibody depletion of NK cells resulted in higher viral loads in multiple nonlymphoid organs. Overall, our results in humanized MISTRG-6-15 mice demonstrated that NK cells provided direct anti-HIV-1 responses in vivo but were limited in their responses in lymphoid organs.
<title>Visualization Of Large Variation Phase Objects</title> (1976)

AbstractA hybrid optical -electronic method for the display of large variation phase objects is described. It displays a conventional image whose local irradiance (or density) is proportional to the phase of the ob- ject. The method requires a much simpler optical system than previously proposed methods.IntroductionIn this paper we consider the problem of the visualization of large variation phase objects. We call aphase object an object which affects the phase and not the amplitude of the light transmitted (or reflec- ted) by it. We call small a phase variation of less than 7/2, and we describe by large a variation largecompared with 7/2. By visualization we mean a process by which we produce a conventional image whose localirradiance (or density) is proportional to the phase of the object.The well -known technique of phase contrast(1) enables us to visualize phase objects of small phase vari- ation. However, when the phase variation is large, the problem becomes more difficult and only recentlymethods for the visualization of such objects have been implemented. DeVelis and Reynolds(2) have firstconceived the idea of measuring the derivative of the phase and reconstructing the actual phase by integra-
Complete biosynthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids guattegaumerine and berbamunine in yeast (2021)

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a diverse class of medicinal plant natural products. Nearly 500 dimeric bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (bisBIAs), produced by the coupling of two BIA monomers, have been characterized and display a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiarrhythmic activities. In recent years, microbial platforms have been engineered to produce several classes of BIAs, which are rare or difficult to obtain from natural plant hosts, including protoberberines, morphinans, and phthalideisoquinolines. However, the heterologous biosyntheses of bisBIAs have thus far been largely unexplored. Here, we describe the engineering of yeast strains that produce the Type I bisBIAs guattegaumerine and berbamunine de novo. Through strain engineering, protein engineering, and optimization of growth conditions, a 10,000-fold improvement in the production of guattegaumerine, the major bisBIA pathway product, was observed. By replacing the cytochrome P450 used in the final coupling reaction with a chimeric variant, the product profile was inverted to instead produce solely berbamunine. Our highest titer engineered yeast strains produced 108 and 25 mg/L of guattegaumerine and berbamunine, respectively. Finally, the inclusion of two additional putative BIA biosynthesis enzymes, SiCNMT2 and NnOMT5, into our bisBIA biosynthetic strains enabled the production of two derivatives of bisBIA pathway intermediates de novo: magnocurarine and armepavine. The de novo heterologous biosyntheses of bisBIAs presented here provide the foundation for the production of additional medicinal bisBIAs in yeast.
A Method and Device for Health Monitoring of Glass Armor (2011)

Abstract : A method and device for health monitoring of glass armor plates is described. Because the armor plates are enclosed in a steel box for protection, visual inspection can't be used. Traditional inspection requires dismounting the armor from the vehicle, and then using a high energy X-ray machine. Removing the armor from the vehicle is very time consuming and labor intensive, and the X-ray machine is expensive and often not available in the war theater. Our solution to the health monitoring problem is to embed the inspection device inside the steel enclosure. The inspection device uses LED's to transmit light through the glass and photo transistors to measure the amount of light received. A relatively simple algorithm is used to compare the current amount of light received with that when the cube was healthy. The system is very easy to use, is not labor intensive, and gives a status report in a matter of seconds.
Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation (2019)

Chicks in commercial production are highly sensitive to enteric infections and their resistance can be increased by administration of complex adult microbiota. However, it is not known which adult microbiota members are capable of colonising the caecum of newly hatched chicks. In this study, we therefore orally inoculated chicks with pure cultures of 76 different bacterial isolates originating from chicken caecum on day 1 of life and determined their ability to colonise seven days later. The caecum of newly hatched chickens could be colonised by bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, or Verrucomicrobia, and isolates from class Negativicutes (phylum Firmicutes). On the other hand, we did not record colonisation with isolates from phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (except for Negativicutes), including isolates from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Representatives of genera commonly used in probiotics such as <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, or <i>Bacillus</i> therefore did not colonise the chicken intestinal tract after a single dose administration. Following challenge with <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, the best protecting isolates increased the chicken's resistance to <i>S.</i> Enteritidis only tenfold, which, however, means that none of the tested individual bacterial isolates on their own efficiently protected chicks against <i>S.</i> Enteritidis.
Turning on/off satellite droplet ejection for flexible sample delivery on digital microfluidics (2020)

Digital microfluidics has the potential to minimize and automate reactions in biochemical labs. However, the complexity of drop manipulation and sample preparation on-chip has limited its incorporation into daily workflow. In this paper, we report a novel method for flexible sample delivery on digital microfluidics in a wide volume range spanning four orders of magnitude from picoliters to nanoliters. The method is based on the phenomenon of satellite droplet ejection, triggered by a sudden change in the strength of the electric field across a drop on a hydrophobic dielectric surface. By precisely modulating the actuation signal with convenient external electric controls, satellite droplet ejection can be turned on to dispense samples or turned off to transport picking-up drops. A pico-dosing design is presented and validated in this work to demonstrate the direct and flexible on-chip sample delivery. This approach could pave the way for the acceptance of microfluidics as a common platform for daily reactions to realize lab-on-a-chip.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Functions and Mechanisms Applicabilities References
Scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) purification method yields amyloid proteins from systemic and cerebral amyloidosis (1986)

We identified fibrils from non-transmissible systemic and cerebral amyloidosis using the purification method of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). The fibrils possessed the same nature of congophilia, filamentous structures and molecular weights as amyloid fibrils, and were resistant to Proteinase K digestion. This SAF method makes for a rapid extraction from amyloid-laden tissues. The method, therefore, may purify nontransmissible amyloids alone or together with SAF proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate to Allenylsugar Ethers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hot parts operating schedule of gas turbines by genetic algorithms and fuzzy satisficing methods (2005)

In this paper, decision making problems arising from optimal operation planning for hot parts scheduling of gas turbines of thermal power plants are formulated as multiobjective 0-1 integer programming problems. By considering the imprecise or fuzzy nature of human judgments, the fuzzy goals of the decision maker (DM) for each of the objective functions are introduced. Then approximate solutions for the formulated problems are derived through the genetic algorithms for solving general combinatorial optimization problems. In order to decrease the difficulties for the determination of not only appropriate parameter values in the genetic algorithms but also membership functions representing the fuzzy goals of the DM, simple genetic algorithms are revised and auto-tuning method of the membership functions are proposed. On the basis of the proposed methods, an interactive decision support system is developed on the workstation and the feasibility and efficiency of both the proposed methods and the corresponding decision support system are demonstrated via numerical examples.
Transgenic and Recombinant Resistin Impair Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2003)

Increased serum levels of resistin, a molecule secreted by fat cells, have been proposed as a possible mechanistic link between obesity and insulin resistance. To further investigate the effects of resistin on glucose metabolism, we derived a novel transgenic strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats expressing the mouse resistin gene under the control of the fat-specific aP2 promoter and also performed in vitro studies of the effects of recombinant resistin on glucose metabolism in isolated skeletal muscle. Expression of the resistin transgene was detected by Northern blot analysis in adipose tissue and by real-time PCR in skeletal muscle and was associated with increased serum fatty acids and muscle triglycerides, impaired skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, and glucose intolerance in the absence of any changes in serum resistin concentrations. In skeletal muscle isolated from non-transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats, in vitro incubation with recombinant resistin significantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glycogenesis and reduced glucose oxidation. These findings raise the possibility that autocrine effects of resistin in adipocytes, leading to release of other prodiabetic effector molecules from fat and/or paracrine actions of resistin secreted by adipocytes embedded within skeletal muscle, may contribute to the pathogenesis of disordered skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and impaired glucose tolerance.
Description of Bone Health Changes in a Cohort of Children With Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) (2022)

Children with AFM have a high likelihood of muscle and bone loss and frequently sustain pathologic fractures. Bone health in children with AFM should be carefully monitored, and efforts should be made to preserve bone mass and maximize muscle mass.
Modeling Physical Activity Outcomes from Wearable Monitors (2011)

Although the measurement of physical activity with wearable monitors may be considered objective, consensus guidelines for collecting and processing these objective data are lacking. This article presents an algorithm embodying best practice recommendations for collecting, processing, and reporting physical activity data routinely collected with accelerometry-based activity monitors. This algorithm is proposed as a linear series of seven steps within three successive phases. The Precollection Phase includes two steps. Step 1 defines the population of interest, the type and intensity of physical activity behaviors to be targeted, and the preferred outcome variables, and identifies the epoch duration. In Step 2, the activity monitor is selected, and decisions about how long and where on the body the monitor is to be worn are made. The Data Collection Phase, Step 3, consists of collecting and processing activity monitor data and is dependent on decisions made previously. The Postcollection Phase consists of four steps. Step 4 involves quality and quantity control checks of the activity monitor data. In Step 5, the raw data are transformed into physiologically meaningful units using a calibration algorithm. Step 6 involves summarizing these data according to the target behavior. In Step 7, physical activity outcome variables based on time, energy expenditure, or movement type are generated. Best practice recommendations include the full disclosure of each step within the algorithm when reporting monitor-derived physical activity outcome variables in the research literature. As such, those reading and publishing within the research literature, as well as future users, will have the best chance for understanding the interactions between study methodology and activity monitor selection, as well as the best possibility for relating their own monitor-derived physical activity outcome variables to the research literature.
The reduction of bromate at molybdenum oxide film cathodes (1996)

Abstract The catalytic reduction of bromate at vitreous carbon electrodes modified with a molybdenum oxide film at pH 3 has been investigated further. In addition, the reduction has been investigated at lower pH using molybdenum oxide films formed in situ from solutions containing both Mo VI and BrO . It is shown that in both systems, the variation of the current for bromate reduction with potential passes through a maximum and, hence, at more negative potentials, the surface is markedly less active for bromate reduction. With Mo VI in solution, a recovery in the catalytic activity slowly occurs and this effect has also been investigated.
How to solve the problem of siting nuclear waste (1990)

Over the past decades, attempts to site new low-level and high-level radioactive wastes (LLRW and HLRW) have been almost universally frustrated. The twin goals of finding a volunteer site and, at the same time, retaining environmental and safety standards and specifications can be achieved by using a reverse Dutch auction (RDA). This apparently is the only extant system that allows these two aims to be achieved simultaneously. The RDA adds an economic dimension to the already existent risk factors. At the same time, it is not a bribe, since any payments made will be public. A bribe is performed in secret and to attain an illegal purpose. The RDA has neither feature. In a standard (or English) auction, the price rises, and these are multiple bids. In a Dutch auction, the price drops, and there is only one bid. Since an RDA deals with a facility generally regarded as undesirable, its price rises, but there is still only one bid. The RDA would work as follows. A list of environmental criteria would be circulated to all counties at the start of the process. In this discussion, it is assumed that a state is attempting to site LLRW, but the principlemore » is also applicable to interstate compacts or HLRW. These criteria should remain fixed. Past siting proposals have often seen the alteration - or attempted alteration - of criteria in mid-stream, leading to loss of confidence in the system's scientific credibility. These alternatives have often had the purpose of excluding or including certain regions.« less
JustClick: Personalized Image Recommendation via Exploratory Search From Large-Scale Flickr Images (2008)

In this paper, we have developed a novel framework called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">JustClick</i> to enable personalized image recommendation via exploratory search from large-scale collections of Flickr images. First, a topic network is automatically generated to summarize large-scale collections of Flickr images at a semantic level. Hyperbolic visualization is further used to enable interactive navigation and exploration of the topic network, so that users can gain insights of large-scale image collections at the first glance, build up their mental query models interactively and specify their queries (i.e., image needs) more precisely by selecting the image topics on the topic network directly. Thus, our personalized query recommendation framework can effectively address both the problem of query formulation and the problem of vocabulary discrepancy and null returns. Second, a small set of most representative images are recommended for the given image topic according to their representativeness scores. Kernel principal component analysis and hyperbolic visualization are seamlessly integrated to organize and layout the recommended images (i.e., most representative images) according to their nonlinear visual similarity contexts, so that users can assess the relevance between the recommended images and their real query intentions interactively. An interactive interface is implemented to allow users to express their time-varying query intentions precisely and to direct our <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">JustClick</i> system to more relevant images according to their personal preferences. Our experiments on large-scale collections of Flickr images show very positive results.
Can Interoception Improve the Pragmatic Search for Biomarkers in Psychiatry? (2016)

Disrupted interoception is a prominent feature of the diagnostic classification of several psychiatric disorders. However, progress in understanding the interoceptive basis of these disorders has been incremental, and the application of interoception in clinical treatment is currently limited to panic disorder. To examine the degree to which the scientific community has recognized interoception as a construct of interest, we identified and individually screened all articles published in the English language on interoception and associated root terms in Pubmed, Psychinfo, and ISI Web of Knowledge. This search revealed that interoception is a multifaceted process that is being increasingly studied within the fields of psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, and biomedical science. To illustrate the multifaceted nature of interoception, we provide a focused review of one of the most commonly studied interoceptive channels, the cardiovascular system, and give a detailed comparison of the most popular methods used to study cardiac interoception. We subsequently review evidence of interoceptive dysfunction in panic disorder, depression, somatic symptom disorders, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. For each disorder, we suggest how interoceptive predictions constructed by the brain may erroneously bias individuals to express key symptoms and behaviors, and outline questions that are suitable for the development of neuroscience-based mental health interventions. We conclude that interoception represents a viable avenue for clinical and translational research in psychiatry, with a well-established conceptual framework, a neural basis, measurable biomarkers, interdisciplinary appeal, and transdiagnostic targets for understanding and improving mental health outcomes.
[Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Cymbidium sinensis]. (2015)

Genetic transformation is an effective method to improve breeding objective traits of orchids. However, there is little information about genetic transformation of Cymbidium sinensis. Rhizomes from shoot-tip culture of C. sinensis cv. 'Qijianbaimo' were used to establish a practical transformation protocol of C. sinensis. Pre-culture time, concentration and treating methods of acetosyringone, concentration of infection bacteria fluid (OD600), infection time, and co-culture time had significant effects on β-glucuronidase (GUS) transient expression rate of C. sinensis cv. 'Qijianbaimo' rhizome. The GUS transient expression rate of rhizome was the highest (11.67%) when rhizomes pre-cultured for 39 d were soaked in bacterium suspension (OD600 = 0.9) supplemented with 200 μmol/L acetosyringone for 35 min, followed by culturing on co-culture medium supplemented with 200 μmol/L acetosyringone for 7 d. Under this transformation conditions, 3 transgenic plantlets, confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR, were obtained from 400 regenerated plantlets, and the genetic transformation rate was 0.75%. This proved that it was feasible to create new cultivars by the use of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in C. sinense.
Immunovirologic Control 24 Months After Interruption of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Close to HIV Seroconversion (2013)

The authors provide us with a clear message that to improve patients' QoL at the EOL we need to decrease the aggressiveness of care and provide better support to our patients. Hence, urgent change in our practice for patients coming close to the EOL is required. Oncologists need to decrease likely ineffective and toxic chemotherapy, given that this may have a negative impact on both QoL 1 and survival. However difficult, we need to have honest EOL discussions with our patients, which can facilitate this transition from disease-directed therapy to care focusing on palliation of symptoms and improving QoL. Previous work from the CWC study has shown that EOL discussions reduce aggressive care and thus improve QoL, result in EOL care more consistent with patients' preferences, 4 and reduce health care costs in the final week of life. Furthermore, improving patients' symptoms and QoL can be achieved by further training of oncologists in palliative care, 2 by involving other members of the multidisciplinary team (eg, psychologists, chaplains) and by referring patients with advanced, incurable cancer to palliative care.