gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Fault Preplan Text Information Extraction Based on NLP (2018)

A large amount of texts recorded in Chinese exist in power grid enterprises. These texts contain abundant information of power system. Manually mining the text information is inefficient and the accuracy may vary with different dispatchers. In this paper, the power fault countermeasure text is taken as the object to study the power Chinese text information extraction method. Power texts are segmented firstly based on the nature language process (NLP), the ontology lexicon is established according to the power word attribute in the power fault countermeasure text; Based on the syntax structure characteristics of punctuations and the concept of separate parsing phrase are brought in to guide the division of long texts, which can separate the sentence with only one power entity and its related information; The syntax rule template applicable to the separate parsing phrase is established based on the meta-character templates (generalization slot, fixed word-combination, wildcard character, and registry function) used for the power fault preplan text information extraction and the structured output of that information; At last, the generalization ability and the universality of the template are analyzed. Examples show that the rule template applies to the information extraction of most texts with strong universality and high accuracy.
Protein metabolism in the small intestine during cancer cachexia and chemotherapy in mice. (2000)

The impact of cancer cachexia and chemotherapy on small intestinal protein metabolism and its subsequent recovery was investigated. Cancer cachexia was induced in mice with colon 26 adenocarcinoma, which is a small and slow-growing tumor characteristic of the human condition, and can be cured with 100% efficacy using an experimental nitrosourea, cystemustine (C6H12ClN3O4S). Both healthy mice and tumor-bearing mice were given a single i.p. injection of cystemustine (20 mg/kg) 3 days after the onset of cachexia. Cancer cachexia led to a reduced in vivo rate of protein synthesis in the small intestine relative to healthy mice (-13 to -34%; P < 0.05), resulting in a 25% loss of protein mass (P < 0.05), and decreased villus width and crypt depth (P < 0.05). In treated mice, acute cytotoxicity of chemotherapy did not promote further wasting of small intestinal protein mass, nor did it result in further damage to intestinal morphology. In contrast, mucosal damage and a 17% reduction in small intestinal protein mass (P < 0.05) were evident in healthy mice treated with cystemustine, suggesting that the effects of chemotherapy on the small intestine in a state of cancer cachexia are not additive, which was an unexpected finding. Complete and rapid recovery of small intestinal protein mass in cured mice resulted from an increase in the rate of protein synthesis compared with healthy mice (23-34%; P < 0.05). Northern hybridizations of mRNA encoding components of the major proteolytic systems suggested that proteolysis may not have mediated intestinal wasting or recovery. A major clinical goal should be to design methods to improve small intestinal protein metabolism before the initiation of chemotherapy.
Uncluttered single‐image visualization of the abdominal aortic vessel tree: Method and evaluation (2009)

The method for eliminating misleading false intersections in 2D projections of the abdominal aortic tree conserves the overall shape and does not diminish accurate identifiability of the branches.
Synthetic Peptides with Inadvertent Chemical Modifications Can Activate Potentially Autoreactive T Cells (2021)

The human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell clone 6C5 has previously been shown to recognize the <i>tert</i>-butyl-modified Bax<sub>161-170</sub> peptide LLSY(3-<i>t</i>Bu)FGTPT presented by HLA-A*02:01. This nonnatural epitope was likely created as a by-product of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group peptide synthesis and bound poorly to HLA-A*02:01. In this study, we used a systematic approach to identify and characterize natural ligands for the 6C5 TCR. Functional analyses revealed that 6C5 T cells only recognized the LLSYFGTPT peptide when <i>t</i>Bu was added to the tyrosine residue and did not recognize the LLSYFGTPT peptide modified with larger (di-<i>t</i>Bu) or smaller chemical groups (Me). Combinatorial peptide library screening further showed that 6C5 T cells recognized a series of self-derived peptides with dissimilar amino acid sequences to LLSY(3-<i>t</i>Bu)FGTPT. Structural studies of LLSY(3-<i>t</i>Bu)FGTPT and two other activating nonamers (IIGWMWIPV and LLGWVFAQV) in complex with HLA-A*02:01 demonstrated similar overall peptide conformations and highlighted the importance of the position (P) 4 residue for T cell recognition, particularly the capacity of the bulky amino acid tryptophan to substitute for the <i>t</i>Bu-modified tyrosine residue in conjunction with other changes at P5 and P6. Collectively, these results indicated that chemical modifications directly altered the immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide via molecular mimicry, leading to the inadvertent activation of a T cell clone with unexpected and potentially autoreactive specificities.
Oxygen metabolism and innate immune responses in the gut (2017)

Epithelial cells of the mucosa provide a first line of defense to prevent the inappropriate translocation of luminal antigens, and therefore contribute significantly to nonspecific innate immunity. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, barrier is provided by multiple components of the mucosa, including mucus production, epithelial junctional complexes, and the production of antimicrobial molecules. In recent years, it is better appreciated that tissue oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis in the mucosa. The intestine, for example, maintains a low baseline Po<sub>2</sub> level due to high rates of metabolism, countercurrent blood flow, and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the luminal aspect of tissue surface. As a result, hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signaling exists even in the healthy, unperturbed intestinal mucosa. In a number of examples, HIF has been demonstrated both to promote barrier function during homeostasis and to promote resolution of active inflammation. Hypoxia-elicited factors that contribute to innate responses in the mucosa include the transcriptional regulation of mucin genes, junction proteins, and autophagic flux. Here, we review current literature related to hypoxia and innate immunity in health and during mucosal inflammation.
EGF‐like and Other Disulfide‐rich Microdomains as Therapeutic Scaffolds (2019)

Disulfide bonds typically introduce conformational constraints into peptides and proteins, conferring improved biopharmaceutical properties and greater therapeutic potential. In our opinion, disulfide-rich microdomains from proteins are potentially a rich and under-explored source of drug leads. A survey of the UniProt protein database shows that these domains are widely distributed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, with the EGF-like domain being the most abundant of these domains. EGF-like domains exhibit large diversity in their disulfide bond topologies and calcium binding modes, which we classify in detail here. We found that many EGF-like domains are associated with disease phenotypes, and the interactions they mediate are potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, EGF-based therapeutic leads have been identified, and we further propose that these domains can be optimized to expand their therapeutic potential using chemical design strategies. This Review highlights the potential of disulfide-rich microdomains as future peptide therapeutics.
A new particle swarm optimization algorithm based on similarity (2007)

The contradiction of the global exploration and convergence speed of particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is analyzed. A new PSO algorithm is proposed, in which the inertia weight of every particle will be changed dynamically with the similarity between the particle and the current optimal position.And based on similarity, a method of collection calculation is proposed, which is used to randomly initialize the position of the particle, control the diversification of PSO, and improve the ability of global exploration. Experiments on benchmark functions show the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
The IEEE Verilog 1364-2001 Standard What's New, and Why You Need It (2001)

At the time of this conference, the proposed IEEE 13642000 Verilog standard is complete, and in the balloting process for final IEEE approval [update: official IEEE ratification was not completed until March 2001, making the official name IEEE 1364-2001, and the nickname Verilog-2001]. Verilog-2001 adds many significant enhancements to the Verilog language, which add greater support for configurable IP modeling, deep-submicron accuracy, and design management. Other enhancements make Verilog easier to use. These changes will affect everyone who uses the Verilog language, as well as those who implement Verilog software tools. This paper presents a summary of several of the enhancements in Verilog-2001. 1. History of the IEEE 1364 Verilog standard The Verilog Hardware Description Language was first introduced in 1984, as a proprietary language from Gateway Design Automation. The original Verilog language was designed to be used with a single product, the Gateway Verilog-XL digital logic simulator. In 1989, Gateway Design Automation was acquired by Cadence Design Systems. In 1990, Cadence released the Verilog Hardware Description Language and the Verilog Programming Language Interface (PLI) to the public domain. Open Verilog International (OVI) was formed to control the public domain Verilog, and to promote its usage. Cadence turned over to OVI the FrameMaker source files of the Cadence Verilog-XL user’s manual. This document became OVI’s Verilog 1.0 Reference Manual. In 1993, OVI released its Verilog 2.0 Reference Manual, which contained a few enhancements to the Verilog language, such as array of instances. OVI then submitted a request to the IEEE to formally standardize Verilog 2.0. The IEEE formed a standards working group to create the standard, and, in 1995, IEEE 1364-1995 became the official Verilog standard. It is important to note that for Verilog-1995, the IEEE standards working group did not consider any enhancements to the Verilog language. The goal was to standardize the Verilog language the way it was being used at that time. The IEEE working group also decided not to create an entirely new document for the IEEE 1364 standard. Instead, the OVI FrameMaker files were used to create the IEEE standard. Since the origin of the OVI manual was a user’s manual, the IEEE 1364-1995 and IEEE 1364-2001 Verilog language reference manuals [1][2] are still organized somewhat like a user’s guide.
Knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate medical and non-medical students in Sultan Qaboos University toward acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (2003)

Although most students showed reasonable knowledge regarding transmission, risk behaviors and prevention, misconceptions regarding the attitudes reflects a false perception of the disease among those students. This calls for well-structured health education programs stressing on such misconceptions.
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with left bundle branch block with residual conduction (2020)

CRT in patients with rLBBB results in improved LV EF and similar mortality rates to CRT patients with complete LBBB. Predictors of mortality post-CRT include post-CRT LV EF, presence of CKD, hyperkalaemia, hypernatremia, and older age at implant.
Video Object Segmentation using Teacher-Student Adaptation in a Human Robot Interaction (HRI) Setting (2019)

Video object segmentation is an essential task in robot manipulation to facilitate grasping and learning affordances. Incremental learning is important for robotics in unstructured environments. Inspired by the children learning process, human robot interaction (HRI) can be utilized to teach robots about the world guided by humans similar to how children learn from a parent or a teacher. A human teacher can show potential objects of interest to the robot, which is able to self adapt to the teaching signal without providing manual segmentation labels. We propose a novel teacher-student learning paradigm to teach robots about their surrounding environment. A two-stream motion and appearance “teacher” network provides pseudo-labels to adapt an appearance “student” network. The student network is able to segment the newly learned objects in other scenes, whether they are static or in motion. We also introduce a carefully designed dataset that serves the proposed HRI setup, denoted as (I)nteractive (V)ideo (O)bject (S)egmentation. Our IVOS dataset contains teaching videos of different objects, and manipulation tasks. Our proposed adaptation method outperforms the state-of-theart on DAVIS and FBMS with 6.8% and 1.2% in F-measure respectively. It improves over the baseline on IVOS dataset with 46.1% and 25.9% in mIoU.
Blood HER2 and Uromodulin as Causal Mediators of CKD (2018)

Many biomarkers have been epidemiologically linked with CKD; however, the possibility that such associations are due to reverse causation or confounding limits the utility of these biomarkers. To overcome this limitation, we used a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to identify causal mediators of CKD. We performed MR by first identifying genetic determinants of 227 serum protein biomarkers assayed in 4147 participants of the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial who had early or prediabetes, and assessing the effects of these biomarkers on CKD in the CKD genetics consortium (<i>n</i>=117,165; 12,385 cases) using the inverse-variance weighted (fixed-effects) method. We then estimated the relationship between the serum concentration of each biomarker identified and incident CKD in ORIGIN participants. MR identified uromodulin (UMOD) and human EGF receptor 2 (HER2) as novel, causal mediators of CKD (UMOD: odds ratio [OR], 1.30 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25 to 1.35; <i>P</i><5×10<sup>-20</sup>; HER2: OR, 1.30 per SD; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.48; <i>P</i>=8.0×10<sup>-5</sup>). Consistent with these findings, blood HER2 concentration associated with CKD events in ORIGIN participants (OR, 1.07 per SD; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13; <i>P</i>=0.01). Additional exploratory MR analyses identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a regulator of HER2 levels (<i>β</i>=0.13 per SD; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.16; <i>P</i>=2.5×10<sup>-7</sup>). This finding was corroborated by an inverse relationship between ACE inhibitor use and HER2 levels. Thus, UMOD and HER2 are independent causal mediators of CKD in humans, and serum HER2 levels are regulated in part by ACE. These biomarkers are potential therapeutic targets for CKD prevention.
Fine structure features for speaker identification (2002)

The performance of speaker identification (SID) systems can be improved by the addition of the rapidly varying "fine structure" features of formant amplitude and/or frequency modulation and multiple excitation pulses. This paper shows how the estimation of such fine structure features can be improved further by obtaining better estimates of formant frequency locations and uncovering various sources of error in the feature extraction systems. Most female telephone speech showed "spurious" formants, due to distortion in the telephone network. Nevertheless, SID performance was greatest with these spurious formants as formant estimates. A new feature has also been identified which can increase SID performance: cepstral coefficients from noise in the estimated excitation waveform. Finally, statistical tools have been developed to explore the relative importance of features used for SID, with the ultimate goal of uncovering the source of the features that provide SID performance improvement.
Novel Examples of Three-Dimensional Aromaticity:  1,3-Dehydro-silaadamantane Dications. A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO NMR, NICS) Study (2002)

A DFT study of the hitherto elusive 1,3-dehydro-silaadamantane dications 2(2+)-5(2+) has been carried out. Computed nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values are strongly indicative of three-dimensional heteroaromaticity in the resulting caged dications (via 2-electron, 4-center homoconjugation). In the optimized structures, silicon is pyramidalized. Although charge calculations (NPA and MKS) indicate significant positive charge build-up at silicon(s), the (29)Si GIAO NMR chemical shifts are unusually shielded. The latter finding agrees with the recent DFT calculations on 7-silanobornadien-7-ylium monocation 10(+), suggesting that silicon shielding is a consequence of unusual bonding and homoconjugation in the dications. Both NICS values and silicon shielding decrease in going from 2(2+) to 5(2+). Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was utilized to shed light on the origin of the three-dimensional heteroaromaticity in these dications.
Long‐term outcomes of muscle volume and Achilles tendon length after Achilles tendon ruptures (2013)

No significant difference between the treatment groups was found in muscle volume, AT length, clinical measures or days off work. Cross-sectional area and maximum calf circumference are cost-effective measurements and a good approximation of muscle volume and can thus be used in a clinical setting while clinical dorsiflexion should not be used.
Breeding of the new hybrid watermelon variety 'Shennong No. 9'. (2009)

Shennong No.9 is a new watermelon variety developed by crossing 0184 as female parent with 2103 as male parent in Jiangsu GAT Seeds Co.Ltd.It is a medium-late variety with total growing period of 100 days and fruit development period of 31 days.It has high yield and high fruit quality potential,sets fruit easily,and is resistant to diseases.It is suitable for cultivation in Jiangxi province and its neighbor provinces.It was officially registered in Jiangxi province in March 2008.
Borderline Epithelial Lesions of the Breast (1991)

The concept of borderline epithelial lesions of the breast remains a controversial one, both at the conceptual and practical levels. The work of Page and collaborators (17-20) has suggested the existence of a continuum between hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ, and that the risk for the development of invasive carcinoma correlates with the degree of proliferation and atypia. A small survey made among a group of five experienced surgical pathologists to test the degree of interobserver variability in this field indicates that this variability remains unacceptably high. Unfortunately, none of the special techniques that have been employed to date in an attempt to achieve a sharper and more reproducible separation between the various groups has yet fulfilled this goal. Since an element of subjectivity in the microscopic interpretation persists and is unlikely to be completely eliminated, and in view of the fact that the current terminology suggests a sharper division than what the evidence seems to indicate, consideration could be given to adopt a terminology such as mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN) of either ductal or lobular types, followed by a grading system.
Contribution to the study of photonic crystals for microwave and millimeter-wave applications (2000)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2240 (2000)Faculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurLaboratoire d'electromagnetisme et acoustiqueJury: Frederic de Coulon, Peter de Maagt, Philippe Robert, Mario Ayza Sorolla Public defense: 2000-9-22 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2240Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Hyperinsulinaemia and polycystic ovary syndrome (2000)

Over the past 20 years, it has been established that hyperinsulinaemia is a fundamental disturbance in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A subgroup of women with this syndrome have 'metabolic PCOS' which can be considered to be a pre-diabetic state. Clinically, this subgroup is most easily identified in obese women with a strong family history of diabetes in whom menstrual disturbance is the predominant feature. There is an urgent need to define the more subtle features in young lean women with PCOS, in whom the metabolic syndrome is yet to emerge, which would enable the prediction of future health risks. The molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance leading to hyperinsulinaemia are now being elucidated. Abnormalities of both insulin secretion and intracellular insulin signalling have both been proposed in women with PCOS. Strategies to lower serum insulin concentrations include diet, exercise and possibly, oral insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin. Although the short-term efficacy of reducing hyperinsulinaemia in women with PCOS is clear, the best method to prevent the progression to diabetes later in life has not been defined.
An Empirical Evaluation of a Test for Assessing Job Satisfaction (1985)

Extant measures of job satisfaction range from single questions to multiple-item, multifaceted instruments. Described here is the development and validation of the Job Perception Scales, a 21-item semantic differential measure which assesses satisfaction with five job facets: work, pay, promotions, supervision, and co-workers. Convergent and discriminant validities of the scales and the Job Descriptive Index are reported. The new scale shows both validity and reliability, it can be completed quickly, and the five facets add to its diagnostic usefulness.
Role of Defects in Ion Transport in Block Copolymer Electrolytes (2019)

Ion conducting block copolymers can overcome traditional limitations of homopolymer electrolytes by phase separating into nanoarchitectures that can be simultaneously optimized for two or more orthogonal material properties such as high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A key challenge in understanding the ion transport properties of these materials is the difficulty of extracting structure-function relationships without having complete knowledge of all nanoscale transport pathways in bulk samples. Here we demonstrate a method for deriving structure-transport relationships for ion conducting block copolymers using thin films and interdigitated electrodes. Well-defined and directly imaged structure in films of poly(styrene)-<i>block</i>-poly(2-vinylpyridine) is controlled using techniques of directed self-assembly then the poly(2-vinylpyridine) is selectively converted into an ion conductor. The ion conductivity is found to be directly proportional to the total number of connected paths between electrodes and the path length. A single defect such as a dislocation anywhere in the path of an ion conducting route disconnects and precludes that pathway from contributing to the conductivity and results in an increase in the dielectric parameter of the film. When all the ion conduction pathways are blocked between electrodes, the conductivity is negligible, 4 orders of magnitude lower compared to a completely connected morphology and the dielectric parameter increases by a factor of 50. These results have profound implications for the interpretation, design, and processing of block copolymer electrolytes for applications as ion conducting membranes.