gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA Interference: A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Silencing Splice Isoforms Linked to Human Diseases (2006)

Alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) is one of the most important sources of protein diversity in vertebrates. An estimated 35%-70% of human genes generate transcripts that are alternatively spliced, and defects in this process are linked to numerous human genetic diseases and various forms of cancer. The discovery that 21-23 nucleotide RNA duplexes, known as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), can knockdown the homologous mRNAs in mammalian cells has revolutionized many aspects of drug discovery including down-regulation of disease-associated splicing isoforms. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of splicing regulators has the potential to define the complex network of alternative splicing regulation and to analyze gene function. In this review, I first provide a brief introduction to mRNA splicing and its relationship to human diseases. This is followed by a brief overview of RNAi. Finally I discuss the therapeutic potential of RNAi in targeting disease-linked splicing isoforms.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of a Disease-Specific Quality of Life Measure for Cystic Fibrosis (2000)

The English version of the CFQ appears to be a linguistically valid measure of quality of life for patients with CF. A national validation study is now under way to test the psychometric properties of the measure.
Preliminary investigation and application of a novel deformable PRESAGE®dosimeter (2013)

Deformable 3D dosimeters have potential applications in validating deformable dose mapping algorithms. This study evaluates a novel deformable PRESAGE<sup>®</sup> dosimeter and its application toward validating the deformable algorithm employed by VelocityAI. The deformable PRESAGE<sup>®</sup> dosimeter exhibited a linear dose response with a sensitivity of 0.0032 ΔOD/(Gy/cm). Comparison of an experimental dosimeter irradiated with an MLC pencilbeam checkerboard pattern under lateral compression up to 27% to a non-deformed control dosimeter irradiated with the same pattern verified dose tracking under deformation. CTs of the experimental dosimeter prior to and during compression were exported into VelocityAI and used to map an Eclipse dose distribution calculated on the compressed dosimeter to its original shape. A comparison between the VelocityAI dose distribution and the distribution from the dosimeter showed field displacements up to 7.3 mm and up to a 175% difference in field dimensions. These results highlight the need for validating deformable dose mapping algorithms to ensure patient safety and quality of care.
Mechanism of the reaction between molybdophosphoric acids and phosphoric acid in concentrated aqueous solutions. (1986)

高濃度水溶液中で, 12-モリブドリン酸 (PMo12) とリン酸は反応し, 9-モリブドリン酸 (PMo9) を生成し, これが二量化して18-モリブドニリン酸 (P2Mo18) になることが明らかにされてきた。高濃度水溶液中のこれら溶存種の定量法として, エテラート法を開発した。あわせて31P-NMRを,この種溶液の反応速度の解析手段として用い, 各反応の平衡定数, 速度式を求めた。PMo12とリン酸で, P2Mo18 を生成する反応は, 可逆的であり, その平衡定数は, 8.1×102(mol/dm3)-2(70℃), 反応熱は248kJ (発熱) であった。初期反応速度は, PMo12濃度に3/2次, リン酸濃度に1/2次に比例した。見かけの活性化エネルギーは27kJ/molであった。この結果はPMo12がPMo9になる過程は速やかであり, PMo9の二量化の過程が律速段階になることを反応速度論的に証明したものである。さらにPMo9の二量化反応が,初期にはPMo9の二次に比例することを実証し, 上記機構を確認した。この過程での平衡定数, 反応熱も同様の方法で測定した。
Sequence preference and structural heterogeneity of BZ junctions (2018)

BZ junctions, which connect B-DNA to Z-DNA, are necessary for local transformation of B-DNA to Z-DNA in the genome. However, the limited information on the junction-forming sequences and junction structures has led to a lack of understanding of the structural diversity and sequence preferences of BZ junctions. We determined three crystal structures of BZ junctions with diverse sequences followed by spectroscopic validation of DNA conformation. The structural features of the BZ junctions were well conserved regardless of sequences via the continuous base stacking through B-to-Z DNA with A-T base extrusion. However, the sequence-dependent structural heterogeneity of the junctions was also observed in base step parameters that are correlated with steric constraints imposed during Z-DNA formation. Further, circular dichroism and fluorescence-based analysis of BZ junctions revealed that a base extrusion was only found at the A-T base pair present next to a stable dinucleotide Z-DNA unit. Our findings suggest that Z-DNA formation in the genome is influenced by the sequence preference for BZ junctions.
Smart Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites and Their Electrorheological Response (2014)

This review article summarizes the preparation of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites and their applications as electrorheological (ER) fluids. These ER fluids exhibited a controllable electro-response under an applied electric field due to the presence of well-dispersed CNTs. The background, morphology, preparations, and characteristics of these materials are discussed, specifically focusing on the various approaches in the preparation of polymer/CNT nanocomposites, morphology, and their effects on the ER characteristics.
Discovery of Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Aminopyrazole Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Small Molecule Inhibitors (2013)

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has drawn significant interest in the neuroscience research community because it is one of the most compelling targets for a potential disease-modifying Parkinson’s disease therapy. Herein, we disclose structurally diverse small molecule inhibitors suitable for assessing the implications of sustained in vivo LRRK2 inhibition. Using previously reported aminopyrazole 2 as a lead molecule, we were able to engineer structural modifications in the solvent-exposed region of the ATP-binding site that significantly improve human hepatocyte stability, rat free brain exposure, and CYP inhibition and induction liabilities. Disciplined application of established optimal CNS design parameters culminated in the rapid identification of GNE-0877 (11) and GNE-9605 (20) as highly potent and selective LRRK2 inhibitors. The demonstrated metabolic stability, brain penetration across multiple species, and selectivity of these inhibitors support their use in preclinical efficacy and safety studies.
Unrolling loops with indeterminate loop counts in system level pipelines (2002)

This paper describes the unrolling of loops with indeterminate loop counts in system level pipelines. Two methods are discussed in this paper. The first method is the varied latency method, where the input is blocked until the pipeline is clear. This variation in the input arrival time gives rise to the name. In this method the output will be in the same order as the input. The second method, called the fixed latency method, allows for the input arrival time to remain unchanged. The loops with loop count in excess of the number of unrolled loops will have to be stored, until a suitable gap in the system becomes available. Analysis of the both methods is given, which shows that the fixed latency method is significantly faster but needs reordering of tasks and memory to store tasks.
Low-Dose Sublingual Zolpidem Tartrate is Associated with Dose-Related Improvement in Sleep Onset and Duration in Insomnia Characterized by Middle-of-the-Night (MOTN) Awakenings (2008)

Low-dose sublingual zolpidem tartrate may be suitable for treatment of patients who have difficulty resuming sleep after MOTN awakenings.
Electronic Band Structures of Molybdenum and Tungsten Dichalcogenides by the GW Approach (2012)

Molybdenum and tungsten dichalcogenides, MX2 (M = Mo and W; X = S and Se), characterized by their quasi-two-dimensional layered structure, have attracted intensive interest due to their intriguing physical and chemical properties. In this work, quasi-particle electronic properties of these materials are investigated by many-body perturbation theory in the GW approximation, currently the most accurate first-principles approach for electronic band structure of extended systems. It is found that the fundamental band gaps of all of these materials can be well described by the GW approach, and the calculated density of states from GW quasi-particle band energies agree very well with photoemission spectroscopy data. Ionization potentials of these materials are also studied by combining the slab model using density functional theory and GW correction. On the basis of our theoretical findings, we predict that none of the materials in MX2 (M = Zr, Hf, Mo, and W; X = S and Se) in their bulk form can be directly used as the photocatalyst for overall photosplitting of water because their VBM and CBM energies do not match the redox potentials of water oxidation and reduction, which, however, can be changed by forming nanostructures, especially for MoS2.
2D and 3D knowledge combination for the reconstruction of coronary arteries: first results on real data (2002)

Reports a new framework for three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coronary arteries from biplane angiography and its first validation on real data. To solve the matching problem when a limited number of X-ray projections is used, the proposed approach first looks for all 3D possible solutions. Knowledge is then used to provide global matching constraints and select the best solution. An overview of the method is first described, followed by the presentation of 2D and 3D knowledge which have been retained. Finally, the first results obtained on real images are reported and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chromosome Instability and Defective Recombinational Repair in Knockout Mutants of the Five Rad51 Paralogs (2001)

The Rad51 protein, a eukaryotic homologue of Escherichia coli RecA, plays a central role in both mitotic and meiotic homologous DNA recombination (HR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is essential for the proliferation of vertebrate cells. Five vertebrate genes, RAD51B, -C, and -D and XRCC2 and -3, are implicated in HR on the basis of their sequence similarity to Rad51 (Rad51 paralogs). We generated mutants deficient in each of these proteins in the chicken B-lymphocyte DT40 cell line and report here the comparison of four new mutants and their complemented derivatives with our previously reported rad51b mutant. The Rad51 paralog mutations all impair HR, as measured by targeted integration and sister chromatid exchange. Remarkably, the mutant cell lines all exhibit very similar phenotypes: spontaneous chromosomal aberrations, high sensitivity to killing by cross-linking agents (mitomycin C and cisplatin), mild sensitivity to gamma rays, and significantly attenuated Rad51 focus formation during recombinational repair after exposure to gamma rays. Moreover, all mutants show partial correction of resistance to DNA damage by overexpression of human Rad51. We conclude that the Rad51 paralogs participate in repair as a functional unit that facilitates the action of Rad51 in HR.
Method for making 2-electron response reduced density matrices approximately N-representable (2018)

In methods like geminal-based approaches or coupled cluster that are solved using the projected Schrödinger equation, direct computation of the 2-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) is impractical and one falls back to a 2-RDM based on response theory. However, the 2-RDMs from response theory are not N-representable. That is, the response 2-RDM does not correspond to an actual physical N-electron wave function. We present a new algorithm for making these non-N-representable 2-RDMs approximately N-representable, i.e., it has the right symmetry and normalization and it fulfills the P-, Q-, and G-conditions. Next to an algorithm which can be applied to any 2-RDM, we have also developed a 2-RDM optimization procedure specifically for seniority-zero 2-RDMs. We aim to find the 2-RDM with the right properties which is the closest (in the sense of the Frobenius norm) to the non-N-representable 2-RDM by minimizing the square norm of the difference between this initial response 2-RDM and the targeted 2-RDM under the constraint that the trace is normalized and the 2-RDM, Q-matrix, and G-matrix are positive semidefinite, i.e., their eigenvalues are non-negative. Our method is suitable for fixing non-N-representable 2-RDMs which are close to being N-representable. Through the N-representability optimization algorithm we add a small correction to the initial 2-RDM such that it fulfills the most important N-representability conditions.
Distributing Graph States Across Quantum Networks (2021)

Graph states form an important class of multipartite entangled quantum states. We propose a new approach for distributing graph states across a quantum network. We consider a quantum network consisting of nodes—quantum computers within which local operations are free—and EPR pairs shared between nodes that can continually be generated. We prove upper bounds for our approach on the number of EPR pairs consumed, completion time, and amount of classical communication required, all of which are equal to or better than that of prior work [10]. We also reduce the problem of minimizing the completion time to distribute a graph state using our approach to a network flow problem having polynomial time complexity.
A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 1-ALKYL(ARYL)-4-ISOQUINOLINOLS (1996)

A new synthesis of 4-isoquinolinol and 1-methyl-4-isoquinolinol and its application to the syntheses of other 1-alkyl(aryl)-4isoquinolinols from 4-bromoisoquinoline was developed.
The Competitiveness of Regional Urban System in Hubei Province of China (2022)

Urban competitiveness is an indispensable topic for urban management. The purpose of this work was to study the status quo of urban system competitiveness in any region and explore the internal factors that affect urban competitiveness. In this study, 30 indicators were selected from six dimensions: population, economic strength, infrastructure, technology and culture, open exchange, and quality of life, and a two-level evaluation index system was constructed. The entropy weight method was used to calculate the weight, and 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province were taken as the evaluation object. This study found that in Hubei province, (1) science, technology, and culture are the first driving forces of urban competitiveness; (2) the impact of the quality of life on urban competitiveness is deepening and obvious, especially the impact of residents’ consumption; and (3) Wuhan, the provincial capital city, is far ahead in terms of its competition and its position is unshakable, followed by Yichang and Xiangyang. Overall, the competitiveness gap between cities in the region is gradually narrowing.
Protein kinase inhibitor K‐252a and fusicoccin induce similar initial changes in ion transport of parsley suspension cells (1992)

The protein kinase inhibitor K‐252a induces a rapid, transient decrease of extracellular pH and [K + ], and a concomitant increase in extracellular [Ca 2+ ] in suspensions of cultured parsley cells. These effects are subsequently reversed. As with K‐252a, fusicoccin also induces similar changes in pH and extracellular [Ca 2+ ], but reversion does not occur. Acidification by HCI also leads to an increase in external [Ca 2+ ], suggesting that the changes in extracellular [Ca 2+ ] are mainly due to a pH‐dependent displacement of Ca 2+ ionically bound to the cell wall. The artificial acidification by HCI is rapidly followed by cell‐mediated alkalinization, a process associated with K 2 release and rebinding of Ca 2+ . Any change in external pH or [K + ] induced by K‐252a, fusicoccin, or HCI is followed by an uptake of 45 Ca 2+ into cellular pools. The results show that K‐252a may be a valuable tool for studying the complex regulation of ion transport which may involve changes in the phosphorylation of unknown proteins.
Non-intrusive Time-POD for Optimal Control of a Fixed-Bed Reactor for CO2 Methanation (2021)

The optimization of a controlled process in a simulation without access to the model itself is a common scenario and very relevant to many chemical engineering applications. A general approach is to apply a black-box optimization algorithm to a parameterized control scheme. The success then depends on the quality of the parametrization that should be low-dimensional though rich enough to express the salient features. This work proposes using solution snapshots to extract dominant modes of the temporal dynamics of a process and use them for low-dimensional parametrizations of control functions. The approach is called proper orthogonal decomposition in time (time-POD). We provide theoretical reasoning and illustrate the performance for the optimal control of a methanation reactor.
MOS memory using germanium nanocrystals formed by thermal oxidation of Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ (2002)

In this work, we propose a novel technique of fabricating germanium nanocrystal quasi-nonvolatile memory device. The device consists of a MOSFET with Ge charge-traps embedded within the gate dielectric. This trap-formation method provides for precise control of the thicknesses of the oxide layers which sandwich the charge-traps, via thermal oxidation. Memory devices with write/erase, speed/voltage and retention time superior to previously reported nanocrystal memory devices were demonstrated.
Fast-framing ballistic imaging of velocity in an aerated spray (2009)

We describe further development of ballistic imaging adapted for the liquid core of an atomizing spray. To fully understand spray breakup dynamics, one must measure the velocity and acceleration vectors that describe the forces active in primary breakup. This information is inaccessible to most optical diagnostics, as the signal is occluded by strong scattering in the medium. Ballistic imaging mitigates this scattering noise, resolving clean shadowgram-type images of structures within the dense spray region. We demonstrate that velocity data can be extracted from ballistic images of a spray relevant to fuel-injection applications, by implementing a simple, targeted correlation method for determining velocity from pairs of spray images. This work presents the first ballistic images of a liquid-fuel injector for scramjet combustion, and the first velocity information from ballistic images relevant to breakup in the near-field of a spray.
D3.1 User expectations and cross-modal interaction (2013)

This document is deliverable D3.1 “User expectations and cross-modal in-teraction” and presents user studies to understand expectations and reac-tions to content presentation methods for mobile AR applications and rec-ommendations to realize an interface and interaction design in accordance with user needs or disabilities.
Overview of SAE standards for plug-in electric vehicle (2012)

With the increase in momentum in the transformation of the current grid to smart grid, there is an immediate need of proper standards in place for various distributed resources of energy. Electric vehicles are one such resource and have tremendous potential to play a part in the transformation of the grid and also to make the customers participate in clean technology initiatives. As with all new technologies, equipment, or processes, there is a requirement of body of standards that will govern the functioning of the electric vehicles and will also pave the way for easy assimilation into the fabric of consumer's lifestyle and vendors alike.
Dermatitis caused by physical irritants (2002)

Our findings show that PICD accounted for 1.15% of all patients attending the contact clinic over the study period. Diverse occupations and materials were implicated. The most common cause of PICD was low humidity due to air-conditioning, which caused dermatitis of the face and neck in office workers due to drying out of the skin.
Microcantilever Array Pressure Measurement System for Biomedical Instrumentation (2010)

An analog signal processing integrated circuit for microcantilever array has been designed for pressure measurement in biomedical applications. The chip consists of analog multiplexer, instrumentation amplifier, sample-and-hold circuit, on-chip voltage and current references, successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital control unit. Root sum square (RSS) error from the overall pressure measurement system including microcantilever array and the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is only ±1.79 KPa within the measurement range of 0-300 KPa. The 8-bit ADC attains 45.4 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and 56.4 dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), while operating at 772 KHz. The integrated circuit has been fabricated using 0.35-¿m 2-poly 4-metal CMOS process technology. The chip occupies an area of 1.54 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 17.8 mW of power with a single 3.3 V supply.
Analysis of the Transcriptomes Downstream of Eyeless and the Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic and Notch Signaling Pathways in Drosophila melanogaster (2012)

Tissue-specific transcription factors are thought to cooperate with signaling pathways to promote patterned tissue specification, in part by co-regulating transcription. The Drosophila melanogaster Pax6 homolog Eyeless forms a complex, incompletely understood regulatory network with the Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic and Notch signaling pathways to control eye-specific gene expression. We report a combinatorial approach, including mRNAseq and microarray analyses, to identify targets co-regulated by Eyeless and Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic or Notch. Multiple analyses suggest that the transcriptomes resulting from co-misexpression of Eyeless+signaling factors provide a more complete picture of eye development compared to previous efforts involving Eyeless alone: (1) Principal components analysis and two-way hierarchical clustering revealed that the Eyeless+signaling factor transcriptomes are closer to the eye control transcriptome than when Eyeless is misexpressed alone; (2) more genes are upregulated at least three-fold in response to Eyeless+signaling factors compared to Eyeless alone; (3) based on gene ontology analysis, the genes upregulated in response to Eyeless+signaling factors had a greater diversity of functions compared to Eyeless alone. Through a secondary screen that utilized RNA interference, we show that the predicted gene CG4721 has a role in eye development. CG4721 encodes a neprilysin family metalloprotease that is highly up-regulated in response to Eyeless+Notch, confirming the validity of our approach. Given the similarity between D. melanogaster and vertebrate eye development, the large number of novel genes identified as potential targets of Ey+signaling factors will provide novel insights to our understanding of eye development in D. melanogaster and humans.