gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Yeast Prion Protein Ure2 Shows Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Both Native and Fibrillar Forms (2004)

Ure2p is the precursor protein of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion [URE3]. Ure2p shows homology to glutathione transferases but lacks typical glutathione transferase activity. A recent study found that deletion of the Ure2 gene causes increased sensitivity to heavy metal ions and oxidants, whereas prion strains show normal sensitivity. To demonstrate that protection against oxidant toxicity is an inherent property of native and prion Ure2p requires biochemical characterization of the purified protein. Here we use steady-state kinetic methods to characterize the multisubstrate peroxidase activity of Ure2p using GSH with cumene hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or tert-butyl hydroperoxide as substrates. Glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity was proportional to the Ure2p concentration and showed optima at pH 8 and 40 degrees C. Michaelis-Menten behavior with convergent straight lines in double reciprocal plots was observed. This excludes a ping-pong mechanism and implies either a rapid-equilibrium random or a steady-state ordered sequential mechanism for Ure2p, consistent with its classification as a glutathione transferase. The mutant 90Ure2, which lacks the unstructured N-terminal prion domain, showed kinetic parameters identical to wild type. Fibrillar aggregates showed the same level of activity as native protein. Demonstration of peroxidase activity for Ure2 represents important progress in elucidation of its role in vivo. Further, establishment of an in vitro activity assay provides a valuable tool for the study of structure-function relationships of the Ure2 protein as both a prion and an enzyme.
288 (2012)

Introduction: An increase in NO consumption by fHb has the potential to inhibit systemic NO signaling, affect endothelial function, and have a role in organ dysfunction. This has been shown in animal models and patients with sickle cell disease with fHb levels as low as 6µM (10 mg/dl)1,2. FHb release during CPB has been reported in adults although the time course of release in children is unknown. Hypothesis: FHb increases over time on CPB and is correlated with increased plasma NO consumption. Methods: Children (n=10, 4m [7w-17y])) undergoing standard roller-pump CPB for scheduled cardiac repair were enrolled prospectively. Plasma was collected at CPB start (B0), every 30min up to 120min while on CPB (B30, B60, B90 & B120), at end CPB (BE), and 2h (R2) and 24h (R24) after reperfusion. LDH and haptoglobin levels were measured at B0, BE, R2, and R24. Fhb and plasma NO consumption was measured using colorimetry (Catachem) and ozone-based chemiluminescence (Sievers 280i NO Analyzer), respectively. Data are shown as (mean±SD). FHb, LDH, and haptoglobin (Hpt) levels over time were compared using RM ANOVA and Pearson product correlations were determined. Results: Mean CPB time was 98 ± 30min with 6 children undergoing >60min on CPB and 3 children >120min. FHb ( mg/dL) increased compared to baseline and over time (B0 12 ± 9; B30 46 ± 25; B60 79 ± 59; B90 58 ± 18; B120 66 ± 7; BE 81 ± 37; R2 46 ± 24; p < 0.05), and returned to baseline by R24 (14 ± 9, p=0.9). FHb level was correlated with NO consumption and time on bypass (r2 = 0.87 and 0.26, respectively, p<0.001). LDH (IU/L) increased over time (B0 152 ± 98; BE 245 ± 74; R2 321 ± 89; R24 361 ± 130; p<0.05). There was no significant change in Hpt over time. Conclusions: There is a time-dependent increase in fHb and LDH likely resulting from hemolysis in children undergoing CPB and is correlated with increased plasma NO consumption This is consistent with fHb remaining in the ferrous oxyhemoglobin redox state that reacts with NO. Further investigation into the role of in vivo NO consumption in the development of endothelial dysfunction and organ injury in children on CPB is warranted.1Pohl et al.Basic Res Card.1991.86;97-105.2Reiter et al.Nature Med.2002.8;1383-89.AE Thompson Scholarship, T32HD040686
<title>Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the head</title> (1991)

Extensive developments have taken place in three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technology. These innovations make it possible to perform complex mathematical analyses in order to evaluate two- and three-dimensional data sets. Our purpose is to describe some of the emerging array of MRI acquisition processing and display techniques and to demonstrate their applications to questions about functional and evolutionary anatomy of musculoskeletal components of the head.
Synthesis in vitro of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by interferon-gamma-stimulated normal human bone marrow and alveolar macrophages. (1987)

Cultured human macrophages from normal donors were examined for their capability to metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3). Upon exposure to recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) produced a polar 25-(OH)D3 metabolite which was purified from conditioned media and unequivocally identified as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) by UV-absorbance spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The BMM and PAM also synthesized a second 25-(OH)D3 metabolite which was structurally identified as 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3). The time course of 25-(OH)D3 metabolism by macrophages suggested that the production of 24,25-(OH)2D3 was stimulated by high intracellular levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and not by IFN-gamma. The 1,25-(OH)2D3 obtained from BMM and PAM promoted macrophage-like differentiation of promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells and inhibited IFN-gamma production by normal human lymphocytes. Our data suggest that locally high levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the microenvironment of IFN-gamma-stimulated BMM and PAM may modulate the function of hormone-responsive cells.
Tolerance induction: a job for B cells? (2005)

Comment on Lei and Scott, page [4865][1] 

B cells transduced with dominant factor VIII epitopes suppress the production of inhibitory antibodies 

I nducing antigen-specific unresponsiveness into fully immunocompetent hosts has been a long quest for immunologists. Numerous potential applications in
System on Chip for Closed Loop Neuromodulation Based on Dual Mode Biosignals (2019)

Closed loop neuromodulation, where the stimulation is controlled autonomously based on physiological events, has been more effective than open loop techniques. In the few existing closed loop implementations which have a feedback, indirect non-neurophysiological biomarkers have been typically used (e.g. heart rate, stomach distension). Although these biomarkers enable automatic initiation of neural stimulation, they do not enable intelligent control of stimulation dosage. In this paper, we present a novel closed loop neuromodulation System-on-Chip (SoC) based on a dual signal mode that is detecting both electrical and chemical signatures of neural activity. We use vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a design case here. Vagal chemical (pH) signal is detected and used for initiating VNS and vagal compound nerve action potential (CNAP) signals are used to determine the stimulation dosage and pattern. Although we used the paradigm of appetite control and neurometabolic therapies for developing the algorithms for neurostimulation control, the SoC described here can be utilised for other types of closed loop neuromodulation implants.
Connected AR for Combating COVID-19 (2020)

Combating COVID-19 requires everyone to be aware of her surroundings, which may lead to the risk of infection, such as the density of persons nearby, fever status, and cleanliness of objects like doorknobs. Nevertheless, most of these situations are invisible to humans and are not recognized by them. This motivates us to leverage start-of-the-art wearable AR/MR devices such as Microsoft Hololens with high-capability sensing technologies to understand our activity space. This article addresses our challenges to recognize such situations by wearable AR/MR devices. Furthermore, we design a secure platform named Secure Connected AR Platform (SCARP) to share the detected information among those people who reside in the spatial space, in a privacy-aware fashion if the data is privacy-sensitive (e.g., body temperature). The significant feature of SCARP is that it does not require those people to register their personally identifiable digital IDs (e.g., email addresses) to access the platform and obtain the secured information. We hope this concept helps to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in places such as restaurants, airports, stations, and shopping malls, and bring the new normal there.
SUMO is Growing Senescent (2007)

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest that curbs unrestrained, aberrant proliferation of mammalian cells and is now recognized as a prominent tumor suppressive mechanism. We have shown recently that the E3 SUMO ligase PIASy actively contributes to execution of the senescence program, thus, providing the first evidence for a direct role of SUMO modification in this process. Here, we discuss some of the implications for this novel connection and future directions to study in more detail the importance of the SUMO pathway in senescence and tumorigenesis.
An Elementary Approach to a Girsanov Formula and Other Analytical Results on Fractional Brownian Motions (1999)

The Radon±Nikodym derivative between a centred fractional Brownian motion Z and the same process with constant drift is derived by ®nding an integral transformation which changes Z to a process with independent increments.A representation of Z through a standard Brownian motion on a ®nite interval is given.The maximum-likelihood estimator of the drift and some other applications are presented.
Role of calpain in skeletal-muscle protein degradation (1998)

Although protein degradation is enhanced in muscle-wasting conditions and limits the rate of muscle growth in domestic animals, the proteolytic system responsible for degrading myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle is not well defined. The goals of this study were to evaluate the roles of the calpains (calcium-activated cysteine proteases) in mediating muscle protein degradation and the extent to which these proteases participate in protein turnover in muscle. Two strategies to regulate intracellular calpain activities were developed: overexpression of dominant-negative m-calpain and overexpression of calpastatin inhibitory domain. To express these constructs, L8 myoblast cell lines were transfected with LacSwitch plasmids, which allowed for isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside-dependent expression of the gene of interest. Inhibition of calpain stabilized fodrin, a well characterized calpain substrate. Under conditions of accelerated degradation (serum withdrawal), inhibition of m-calpain reduced protein degradation by 30%, whereas calpastatin inhibitory domain expression reduced degradation by 63%. Inhibition of calpain also stabilized nebulin. These observations indicate that calpains play key roles in the disassembly of sarcomeric proteins. Inhibition of calpain activity may have therapeutic value in treatment of muscle-wasting conditions and may enhance muscle growth in domestic animals.
Intranasal delivery of BDNF rescues memory deficits in AD11 mice and reduces brain microgliosis (2020)

A decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for synaptic function, plasticity and neuronal survival, is evident early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), being apparent in subjects with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD, and both proBDNF and mature BDNF levels are positively correlated with cognitive measures. BDNF delivery is, therefore, considered of great interest as a potentially useful therapeutic strategy to contrast AD. Invasive BDNF administration has indeed been recently used in animal models of AD with promising results in rescuing memory deficits, synaptic density and cell loss. Here, we tested whether non-invasive intranasal administration of different BDNF concentrations after the onset of cognitive and anatomical deficits (6 months of age) could rescue neuropathological and memory deficits in AD11 mice, a model of NGF deprivation-induced neurodegeneration. In addition to AD hallmarks, we investigated BDNF effects on microglia presence in the brain of AD11 mice, since alterations in microglia activation have been associated with ageing-related cognitive decline and with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. We found that intranasal delivery of 42 pmol BDNF (1 μM), but not PBS, was sufficient to completely rescue performance of AD11 mice both in the object recognition test and in the object context test. No further improvement was obtained with 420 pmol (10 μM) BDNF dose. The strong improvement in memory performance in BDNF-treated mice was not accompanied by an amelioration of AD-like pathology, Aβ burden, tau hyperphosphorylation and cholinergic deficit, but there was a dramatic decrease of CD11b immunoreactive brain microglia. These results reinforce the potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in AD and the non-invasive intranasal route as an effective delivery strategy of BDNF to the brain. They also strengthen the connection between neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative dementia and suggest microglia as a possible mediator of BDNF therapeutic actions in the brain.
BCL-2 family proteins: Regulators of cell death involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and resistance to therapy (1996)

The BCL-2 gene was first discovered because of its involvement in the t(14;18) chromosomal translocations commonly found in lymphomas, which result in deregulation of BCL-2 gene expression and cause inappropriately high levels of Bcl-2 protein production. Expression of the BCL-2 gene can also become altered in human cancers through other mechanisms, including loss of the p53 tumor suppressor which normally functions as a repressor of BCL-2 gene expression in some tissues. Bcl-2 is a blocker of programmed cell death and apoptosis that contributes to neoplastic cell expansion by preventing cell turnover caused by physiological cell death mechanisms, as opposed to accelerating rates of cell division. Overproduction of the Bcl-2 protein also prevents cell death induced by nearly all cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiation, thus contributing to treatment failures in patients with some types of cancer. Several homologs of Bcl-2 have recently been discovered, some of which function as inhibitors of cell death and others as promoters of apoptosis that oppose the actions of the Bcl-2 protein. Many of these Bcl-2 family proteins can interact through formation of homo- and heterotypic dimers. In addition, several nonhomologous proteins have been identified that bind to Bcl-2 and that can modulate apoptosis. These protein-protein interactions may eventual serve as targets for pharmacologically manipulating the physiological cell death pathway for treatment of cancer and several other diseases. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analyzing Sex-Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Bias or Proper Management? (2021)

Abstract Background: There are inconsistent and conflicting data among males and females with AF. Objective: This study intends to analyze whether the sex-based differences among AF patients were influenced by age, co-morbidities, and treatment strategy rather than solely gender difference. Methods: We analyzed 327 consecutive patients admitted to the ED due to AF for three years and follow-up for a year. Results: Females with AF were older (p&lt;.001), had higher BMI (p&lt;.001), and a higher rate of co-morbidities as hypertension (p&lt;.001), hyperlipidemia (p=0.01), Diabetes mellitus (p=0.05), valvular heart disease (p=0.05) and thyroid dysfunction (18.3% vs. 1.8%, p&lt;.001). AF males had a higher rate of coronary disease (p&lt;.001) and heart disease with reduced ejection fraction (p&lt;.001). As a result, the mean CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores were significantly higher in females (p&lt;.001 for both). Female tends to be treated with rate control medications and less with antiarrhythmic agents (p&lt;.001). Univariate analysis reveals that females had a higher rate of recurrent AF, heart failure hospitalization, CVA, and myocardial infarction. Yet, adjusting gender to age and co-morbidities shows that the females remain to have a higher rate of heart failure hospitalization (OR 2.73 95%CI 1.04-5.89, P-value &lt;.001) and recurrent AF (OR 3.86, P-value =0.02). Thyroid dysfunction and the lack of antiarrhythmic treatment significantly increase the risk of AF (OR 5.95 95%CI 3.15-9.73, OR 3.42, respectively, P-value&lt;.001 for both) regardless of gender. The mortality rate differs only in a sub-group of females ≥ 75 years of age (OR 1.60, P&lt;.001). Conclusion AF males and females differ significantly in baseline characteristics. Females are older, have more co-morbidities, and tend to be treated unnecessarily differently for AF. Following age and co-morbidities adjustments, a female gender remains significant for heart failure hospitalization and recurrent AF. Thyroid dysfunction and AF treatment may explain the sex-based difference of recurrent AF.
Cover Image, Volume 42, Issue 6 (2018)

The cover image is based on the Full Article Study on changes in the quality of grass carp in the process of postmortem, by Hongli Wang et al., DOI 10.1111/jfbc.12683.
Growth behaviour of Ge nano-islands on the nanosized Si{111} facets bordering on two {100} planes (2006)

Si(100) substrates were used to fabricate various nanosized {111} facets between the (100) planes using photolithography and anisotropic wet chemical etching. Following simultaneous Ge chemical vapour deposition on the neighbouring (100) and {111} facets, the Ge nano-island formation and distribution was observed on both the (100) terraces and the {111} side walls using a dynamical atomic force microscope. The nano-island formation on the nanosized {111} strip facets was found to be strongly suppressed upon reducing the strip width due primarily to the interaction of adatoms on the neighbouring facets. Specifically, the difference in the effective chemical potential of Ge adatoms on the two neighbouring facets leads to the depletion of nano-islands on the {111} strip with width <500 nm under the growth condition used in this study.
Control of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using synthetic sex pheromone. II. Effect of communication disruption in the greenhouse and combination effect with light-trap. (1990)

Synthetic sex pheromone was evaporated from sealed polyethylene tubes containing a 7:3 mixture of (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol at the rate of 500 dispensers/10a into a Welsh onion greenhouse. In the treated greenhouse, the larval density of Spodoptera exigua was drastically reduced within 1 month, while the density increased to ca. 9 times of initial density in the untreated one. Treatment with 500 dispensers in a 2a greenhouse was estimated to reduce the mating rate of females to 20-50%, whereas it was 95% or more with no treatment. Capture of males with a light trap (lamp: BLB 30W) was considered to reduce the female mating rate to ca. 30%. When sex pheromone treatment was combined with a light trap, mating rate was decreased to 2-3%. This combination would be effective in the control of S. exigua in a small greenhouse.
Comprehensive Lipidome Analysis by Shotgun Lipidomics on a Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2014)

Here we report on the application of a novel shotgun lipidomics platform featuring an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer equipped with an automated nanoelectrospray ion source. To assess the performance of the platform for in-depth lipidome analysis, we evaluated various instrument parameters, including its high resolution power unsurpassed by any other contemporary Orbitrap instrumentation, its dynamic quantification range and its efficacy for in-depth structural characterization of molecular lipid species by quadrupole-based higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and ion trap-based resonant-excitation collision-induced dissociation (CID). This evaluation demonstrated that FTMS analysis with a resolution setting of 450,000 allows distinguishing isotopes from different lipid species and features a linear dynamic quantification range of at least four orders of magnitude. Evaluation of fragmentation analysis demonstrated that combined use of HCD and CID yields complementary fragment ions of molecular lipid species. To support global lipidome analysis, we designed a method, termed MS(ALL), featuring high resolution FTMS analysis for lipid quantification, and FTMS(2) analysis using both HCD and CID and ITMS(3) analysis utilizing dual CID for in-depth structural characterization of molecular glycerophospholipid species. The performance of the MS(ALL) method was benchmarked in a comparative analysis of mouse cerebellum and hippocampus. This analysis demonstrated extensive lipidome quantification covering 311 lipid species encompassing 20 lipid classes, and identification of 202 distinct molecular glycerophospholipid species when applying a novel high confidence filtering strategy. The work presented here validates the performance of the Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer for in-depth lipidome analysis.
AC coupling technique for Josephson waveform synthesis (2001)

We demonstrate a new bias technique that uses low-pass and high-pass filters to separate the current paths of the sampling and signal frequencies in a Josephson waveform synthesizer.This technique enables the output voltage of the array to be directly grounded by removing the low-frequency common mode signal that previously prevented direct measurement of the array voltage with low-impedance instruments.We directly measure the harmonic spectra of 1 kFIz and 50 kEFz synthesized sine waves.We also use a thermal transfer standard to compare the rms voltages of synthesized sine waves at frequencies from 1 MIZ to 50 IrHz.Finally, we describe a new circuit that should enable a significant increase in output voltage by allowing several distributed arrays to be biased in parallel at high frequency, while combining their low frequency output voltages in series.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE POTENTIAL OF SERRATIOPEPTIDASE - A PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME, ON ACETIC ACID INDUCED ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN MICE (2014)

Objective: To investigate the potential of serratiopeptidase- a proteolytic enzyme, on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced by acetic acid (6% v/v) injected into the colon to assess disease activity index which includes body weight loss, stool consistency and gross bleeding, colon length, spleen weights and histological changes were observed. Colon homogenates were subjected to measure myeloperoxidase enzyme levels, glutathione content, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide production. Results: Intra colonic administration of serratiopeptidase at both doses significantly reduce the disease activity index and also prevented colonic shortening, spleen enlargement, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production when compared with the colitis control groups. Conclusion: Present study results, confirms the serratiopeptidase antinflammatory activity against acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis.
[Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in the elderly: presenting features, natural history and survival]. (1999)

Ph-positive CML features are essentially the same in older and young individuals, since most of the differences observed are attributable rather to the patients' advanced age than to the leukaemia itself.
Lyophilization of Cell-Free Marek's Disease Herpesvirus and a Herpesvirus from Turkeys (1970)

Cell extracts of the JM and GA strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus and the FC 126 strain of turkey herpesvirus were lyophilized with various stabilizers. Much higher virus titers were obtained with stabilizer than without stabilizer. Titers increased even further in the case of the Marek's disease virus strains by the addition of a chelating agent, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.