gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen-based, hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor for reduction of perchlorate and other oxidized contaminants (2004)

Many oxidized pollutants, such as nitrate, perchlorate, bromate, and chlorinated solvents, can be microbially reduced to less toxic or less soluble forms. For drinking water treatment, an electron donor must be added. Hydrogen is an ideal electron donor, as it is non-toxic, inexpensive, and sparsely soluble. We tested a hydrogen-based, hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for reduction of perchlorate, bromate, chlorate, chlorite, chromate, selenate, selenite, and dichloromethane. The influent included 5 mg/L nitrate or 8 mg/L oxygen as a primary electron accepting substrate, plus 1 mg/L of the contaminant. The mixed-culture reactor was operated at a pH of 7 and with a 25 minute hydraulic detention time. High recirculation rates provided completely mixed conditions. The objective was to screen for the reduction of each contaminant. The tests were short-term, without allowing time for the reactor to adapt to the contaminants. Nitrate and oxygen were reduced by over 99 percent for all tests. Removals for the contaminants ranged from a minimum of 29% for chlorate to over 95% for bromate. Results show that the tested contaminants can be removed as secondary substrates in an MBfR, and that the MBfR may be suitable for treating these and other oxidized contaminants in drinking water.
On Detecting Edges (1986)

An edge in an image corresponds to a discontinuity in the intensity surface of the underlying scene. It can be approximated by a piecewise straight curve composed of edgels, i.e., short, linear edgeelements, each characterized by a direction and a position. The approach to edgel-detection here, is to fit a series of one-dimensional surfaces to each window (kernel of the operator) and accept the surfacedescription which is adequate in the least squares sense and has the fewest parameters. (A one-dimensional surface is one which is constant along some direction.) The tanh is an adequate basis for the step-edge and its combinations are adequate for the roof-edge and the line-edge. The proposed method of step-edgel detection is robust with respect to noise; for (step-size/noise) > 2.5, it has subpixel position localization (position < 3) and an angular localization better than 100; further, it is designed to be insensitive to smooth shading. These results are demonstrated by some simple analysis, statistical data, and edgel-images. Also included is a comparison of performance on a real image, with a typical operator (Difference-of-Gaussians). The results indicate that the proposed operator is superior with respect to detection, localization, and resolution.
Blind modulation recognition of PSK signals based on constellation reconstruction (2010)

A system based on constellation reconstruction for blind Modulation recognition of MPSK/MDPSK signals in non-cooperative communication applications is proposed. The system requires no prior information about the signal, and parameters needed in the procedure of constellation reconstruction such as carrier frequency, symbol rate and timing information, are estimated from received data samples. And the method of phase difference is used to eliminate the constellation diagram pervasion aroused by carrier frequency offset. Subordinate function is also been proposed and defined in this paper, the function which calculates its value by utilizing clustering number obtained from clustering of the constellation, so different MPSK/MDPSK signals can be classified by different values of the function. In AWGN channel, simulation proved that when SNR>lldB, the recognition ratio are above 90% for all kinds of signals, and for BPSK, 4PSK signals the ratio can achieve 100% when SNR>6dB, it shows the system is effective.
Assessment of biogrowth assemblages with depth in a seawater intake system of a coastal power station (2021)

Marine biogrowth infestation of a seawater intake system was investigated. A digital camera fixed onto a skid was used to record the biogrowth at intervals of 5<b> </b>m up to a depth of 55<b> </b>m. Divers inspected the intake shaft and collected the biogrowth samples for biomass estimation. A biomass density of 7.5<b> </b>kg m<sup>-2</sup> and 28.2<b> </b>kg m<sup>-2</sup> was recorded at 5 and 30<b> </b>m depths respectively. Inspection by the divers revealed that hard-shelled organisms such as oysters and brown and green mussels were observed in plenty up to a thickness of 15<b> </b>cm and bryozoans grew as epibionts. At lower depths (<40<b> </b>m), hydroids grew on the shells of green mussels along with silt accumulation. The biofouling community was composed of 46 organisms, exhibiting variation in distribution and abundance. The study explains the extent and type of marine biogrowth phenomena with depth and describes biofouling preventive methods.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2021.1933457 .
Stereochemical Assignment in Acyclic Lipids Across Long Distance by Circular Dichroism: Absolute Stereochemistry of the Aglycone of Caminoside A (2004)

Mit Technologie zur Information: Die R-Konfiguration des Hydroxy-substituierten Zentrums C10 des Caminosid-Aglycons (siehe Struktur) wurde auf der Grundlage der Excitonenkopplung im Circulardichroismus(CD)-Spektrum des Tetraphenylporphyrincarboxylat-Diesters von (2R,10R)-2,10-Nonadecandiol zugeordnet. Dieses Derivat der Titelverbindung wurde für die CD-Messungen in eine hoch geordnete Anordnung nanoskaliger Liposome eingebettet.
Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review (2015)

IADL requiring higher neuropsychological functioning seem to be most severely affected in patients with MCI. A reliable identification of such deficits is necessary, as patients with MCI with IADL deficits seem to have a higher risk of converting to dementia than patients with MCI without IADL deficits. The use of assessment tools specifically designed and validated for patients with MCI is therefore strongly recommended. Furthermore, the development of performance-based assessment instruments should be intensified, as they allow a valid and reliable assessment of subtle IADL deficits in MCI, even if a proxy is not available. Another important point to consider when designing new scales is the inclusion of technology-associated IADL. Novel instruments for clinical practice should be time-efficient and easy to administer.
HVJ-based non-viral gene transfer method: successful gene therapy using HGF and VEGF genes in experimental ischemia (2006)

VEGF and HGF are pleiotropic factors that regulate cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis of various types of cells. The receptors of these growth factors are expressed in neurons and endothelial cells, and are identified as neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and angiogenic factors. Indeed, gene therapy using viral vectors encoding the VEGF or HGF gene has been reported to be effective for preventing the expansion of ischemic injury. However, the safety issue of viral vectors is a major problem in clinical application. To overcome this problem, we have developed an HVJ-based non-viral vector, which achieves high-efficiency transfection rates of viral vectors with the safety of liposomes. This review discusses the feasibility of gene therapy using an HVJ-based non-viral vector containing the VEGF or HGF gene for cerebral ischemia.
The Initial Lateral Cervical Spine Film for the Athlete with a Suspected Neck Injury: Helmet and Shoulder Pads On or Off? (2002)

Veenema, Kenneth MD; Greenwald, Robert MD; Kamali, Michael MD; Freedman, Alan ATC; Spillane, Linda MD Author Information
Blockchain: Future of financial and cyber security (2016)

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger used to securely exchange digital currency, perform deals and transactions. Each member of the network has access to the latest copy of encrypted ledger so that they can validate a new transaction. Blockchain ledger is a collection of all Bitcoin transactions executed in the past. Basically, it's a distributed database which maintains a continuously growing tamper proof data structure blocks which holds batches of individual transactions. The completed blocks are added in a linear and chronological order. Each block contains a timestamp and information link which points to a previous block. Bitcoin is peer-to-peer permission-less network which allows every user to connect to the network and send new transaction to verify and create new blocks. Satoshi Nakamoto described design of Bitcoin digital currency in his research paper posted to cryptography listserv in 2008. Nakamoto's suggestion has solved long pending problem of cryptographers and laid the foundation stone for digital currency. This paper explains the concept, characteristics, need of Blockchain and how Bitcoin works. It attempts to highlights role of Blockchain in shaping the future of banking, financial institutions and adoption of Internet of Things(IoT).
Substitution of Aromatic Residues in the Macrocyclic Opioid Peptide [D-Trp]CJ-15,208 Alters the Opioid Activity Profile in vivo (2018)

Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) are involved in responses to stress, and KOR antagonists have potential therapeutic application for the treatment of substance abuse and mood disorders.[1] The macrocyclic peptide natural product CJ-15,208 was reported to be a KOR antagonist in vitro,[2] but the stereochemistry of the tryptophan residue was not reported. Therefore we synthesized both the L-and D-Trp isomers of 208 [3] and evaluated their opioid activity profile in vitro and in vivo.[4] In vivo [D-Trp]CJ-15,208 antagonizes KOR after both central (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.) [4] and oral [5] administration. It can penetrate the blood-brain barrier after oral administration to antagonize central KOR and prevent stressinduces reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior.[5] Therefore [D-Trp]CJ-15,208 is a promising lead peptide for structural modification to enhance its in vivo activity after oral administration.
Serial turbo trellis coded modulation with rate-1 inner code (2002)

We develop new, low-complexity turbo codes suitable for bandwidth and power limited systems. These codes are constructed as an extension of repeat-accumulate codes to high-level-modulations. Two design criteria are proposed, based on maximum-likelihood decoding and on Gaussian density evolution in iterative decoding.
Preliminary studies on the in vivo morphogenetic properties of dentine matrix proteins. (1990)

Two fractions of isolated noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins from dentine have been implanted into the base of exposed cavities in ferret canine teeth. After sealing the cavities, reparative dentinogenesis was assessed histologically after 14 and 28 days as compared to control cavities. Reparative dentinogenesis was enhanced in the presence of these matrix proteins with evidence of tubular dentine along the walls of the exposure and on the cavity floor demonstrating the in vivo morphogenetic properties of the dentine matrix proteins.
Transplantation of Bioencapsulated Bone Marrow Stem Cells Improve Hepatic Regeneration and Survival of 90% Hepatectomized Rats: A Preliminary Report (2005)

We transplanted bioencapsulated bone marrow stem cells intraperitoneally into 90% hepatectomized rats and found that this increases both the rates of hepatic regeneration and survival of the animals. Bone marrow cells isolated from Wistar rats were bioencapsulated using alginate-polylysine-alginate method. These bioencapsulated bone marrow cells were transplanted intraperitoneally into 90% hepatectomized syngeneic wistar rats. Control groups included 90% hepatectomized group receiving intraperitoneal injection of either empty microcapsules or free bone marrow cells. Unlike the control groups, transplantation of bioencapsulated bone marrow cells improved the survival of 90% hepatectomized rats, with an efficacy similar to that of bioencapsulated hepatocytes or free hepatocytes. These results suggest that syngeneic bioencapsulated bone marrow stem cells can increase the survival rates of 90% hepatectomized rats. We also discuss the potential for a new alternative to hepatocyte transplantation for cellular therapy of acute liver failure. In particular, bone marrow stem cells can be obtained from the same patient with no immunorejection, whereas in hepatocyte transplant, immunosuppressant will be needed to prevent immunorejection of the donor hepatocytes.
<title>Rapid product development technologies using a diode laser</title> (1997)

At the 20th Century 'time compression' is the key word in the automotive industry to aero-space industry to fabricate functional parts. The idea from drawing board to engineering design to form near net shape functional part is the key issue. Photonics has already shown one solution in laser rapid prototyping of low cost, quick tooling of functional parts. At present the choice of materials is limited and the time to get a functional part is almost a week. The conventional rapid prototyping processes do not have just one simple single step. Effectively it has multiple stage of pre- and post-processes. The process developed at the University of Connecticut is extension of the DTM processes. In these new techniques compact, high efficient, low cost diode laser is being used as an energy source and with the development of power delivery systems processing multi- material requires not only average high power, but also high beam intensity or power density. This paper will describe the effects of powder size and laser radiation wavelength of SLS functional parts. The purpose of this study is to rapid product development of functional parts directly from metal powder from room temperature powder bed using diode laser.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated With Recurrent Ischemic Stroke (2019)

Background and Purpose- Limited data are available about the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and recurrent stroke and mortality, especially from population-based studies, large samples, or ethnically diverse populations. Methods- In the BASIC project (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christ), we identified patients with ischemic stroke (2010-2015). Subjects were offered screening for SDB with the ApneaLink Plus device, from which a respiratory event index (REI) score ≥10 defined SDB. Demographics and baseline characteristics were determined from chart review and interview. Recurrent ischemic stroke was identified through active and passive surveillance. Cause-specific proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between REI (modeled linearly) and ischemic stroke recurrence (as the event of interest), and all-cause poststroke mortality, adjusted for multiple potential confounders. Results- Among 842 subjects, the median age was 65 (interquartile range, 57-76), 47% were female, and 58% were Mexican American. The median REI score was 14 (interquartile range, 6-26); 63% had SDB. SDB was associated with male sex, Mexican American ethnicity, being insured, nonsmoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lower educational attainment, and higher body mass index. Among Mexican American and non-Hispanic whites, 85 (11%) ischemic recurrent strokes and 104 (13%) deaths occurred, with a median follow-up time of 591 days. In fully adjusted models, REI was associated with recurrent ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.02 [hazard ratio for one-unit higher REI score, 95% CI, 1.01-1.03]), but not with mortality alone (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99-1.02]). Conclusions- Results from this large population-based study show that SDB is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke, but not mortality. SDB may therefore represent an important modifiable risk factor for poor stroke outcomes.
Definition and Independent Validation of a Proteomic-Classifier in Ovarian Cancer (2020)

Mass-spectrometry-based analyses have identified a variety of candidate protein biomarkers that might be crucial for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development and therapy response. Comprehensive validation studies of the biological and clinical implications of proteomics are needed to advance them toward clinical use. Using the Deep MALDI method of mass spectrometry, we developed and independently validated (development cohort: <i>n</i> = 199, validation cohort: <i>n</i> = 135) a blood-based proteomic classifier, stratifying EOC patients into good and poor survival groups. We also determined an age dependency of the prognostic performance of this classifier, and our protein set enrichment analysis showed that the good and poor proteomic phenotypes were associated with, respectively, lower and higher levels of complement activation, inflammatory response, and acute phase reactants. This work highlights that, just like molecular markers of the tumor itself, the systemic condition of a patient (partly reflected in proteomic patterns) also influences survival and therapy response in a subset of ovarian cancer patients and could therefore be integrated into future processes of therapy planning.
Effizienz in der nichtenzymatischen kinetischen Racematspaltung (2005)

Abstract Das im Vortitel gezeigte Walden‐Denkmal auf dem Campus der Technischen Universität Riga ist sicher eines der wenigen öffentlichen Monumente, die Schlüsselereignisse aus der Anfangszeit der stereokontrollierten Synthese thematisieren und vielleicht das einzige, das die “molekulare Sprache” der organischen Chemie gebraucht. Die ersten nichtenzymatischen kinetischen Racematspaltungen wurden, ebenso wie die ursprünglichen Varianten der Walden‐Umkehr, in den 1890er Jahren untersucht – also noch in der ersten Forschergeneration nach Entdeckung der tetraedrischen Natur des Kohlenstoffs. Aus diesen frühen Arbeiten ist abzulesen, dass die Prinzipien und die Bedeutung enantiokontrollierter Synthesen bereits gut verstanden waren. Was noch fehlte war eine verlässliche und schnelle Methode zur Quantifizierung der Ergebnisse und zur Optimierung der Experimente. Viele Jahrzehnte sollten vergehen, bis das Problem mit Einführung von HPLC‐ und GPLC‐Testreihen auf chiralen Trägern gelöst wurde. Das Walden‐Denkmal lädt den Vorübergehenden zur spielerischen Betrachtung ein – auf ähnliche Weise, wie auch die kinetische Racematspaltung zum Experimentieren einlädt. Dieser Aufsatz verfolgt den Verlauf der Geschichte angefangen von den ersten Entdeckungen über die faszinierenden historischen Meilensteine und konzeptionellen Entwicklungen und schließt mit einem Blick auf moderne Techniken zur Effizienzmaximierung.
Elevated Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations in Patients with Low-Output Cardiac Failure: Dependence on Increased Noradrenaline Secretion Rates (1990)

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations are elevated in patients with congestive heart failure; however, the pathogenesis of these elevated noradrenaline levels is controversial. 2. Possible mechanisms for elevated noradrenaline concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure include increased noradrenaline secretion, decreased clearance of noradrenaline, and a combination of increased secretion and decreased clearance. 3. In the present study, plasma noradrenaline clearance and apparent secretion rates were determined using a whole-body steady-state radionuclide tracer method in six otherwise healthy patients with moderate degrees of low-output cardiac failure and in six normal control subjects. 4. The venous plasma noradrenaline level was elevated in the patients with congestive heart failure as compared with the control subjects (4.18±1.34 versus 1.54 ± 0.16 nmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05). There was no stimulation of the adrenal medulla as evident by normal plasma adrenaline levels in both groups (0.19 ±0.04 versus 0.1810.02 nmol/l, not significant). The apparent secretion rate of noradrenaline was elevated in the patients with congestive heart failure (4.75 ±1.95 versus 1.78±0.18 nmol min−1 m−2, P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas the clearance rate of noradrenaline was similar in the two groups (1.26±0.27 versus 1.16±0.02 1 min−1 m−2, not significant). 5. We conclude that the high peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations in patients with mildly decompensated low-output cardiac failure are initially due to increased secretion, rather than to decreased metabolic clearance, perhaps in response to diminished effective arterial blood volume.
MLL1 is regulated by KSHV LANA and is important for virus latency (2021)

Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) is a histone methyltransferase. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a leading cause of malignancy in AIDS. KSHV latently infects tumor cells and its genome is decorated with epigenetic marks. Here, we show that KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) recruits MLL1 to viral DNA where it establishes H3K4me3 modifications at the extensive KSHV terminal repeat elements during primary infection. LANA interacts with MLL1 complex members, including WDR5, integrates into the MLL1 complex, and regulates MLL1 activity. We describe the 1.5-Å crystal structure of N-terminal LANA peptide complexed with MLL1 complex member WDR5, which reveals a potential regulatory mechanism. Disruption of MLL1 expression rendered KSHV latency establishment highly deficient. This deficiency was rescued by MLL1 but not by catalytically inactive MLL1. Therefore, MLL1 is LANA regulable and exerts a central role in virus infection. These results suggest broad potential for MLL1 regulation, including by non-host factors.
Optical detection and imaging of nonequilibrium phonons in GaAs using excitonic photoluminescence (1994)

We have developed a time- and space-resolved optical detector of nonequilibrium phonons utilizing excitonic photoluminescence at low temperatures. An epilayer of GaAs is ``sensitized'' by excitation with a low-power, focused ``probe'' beam, which creates free excitons (FE's) and bound excitons (BE's) in the layer. The photoluminescence intensity from these species is reduced by a flux of nonequilibrium phonons, created on the opposite side of the GaAs substrate by optical excitation of a metal film with a ``pump'' beam. A simple model is proposed for the phonon-induced change in photoluminescence intensity of the FE's; previous work (e.g., by Blank et al. [Sov. Phys. Semicond. 25, 39 (1991)]) has treated the case of BE's. Both time-resolved heat pulses and space-resolved heat flux associated with phonon focusing are observed. The heat pulses are characterized by a broad temporal distribution, the exact origin of which is not determined. If the sensitivity of this detection technique could be raised sufficiently, space and time resolutions of 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m and 1 ns, respectively, would be feasible.
85‐4: A Subpixel‐based Objective Image Quality Metric with Application to Visually Lossless Image Compression Evaluation (2018)

Subjective Test Scoring is the “gold standard” for determining whether two images are considered visually lossless, and S‐CIELAB is a good tool for guiding researchers in finding impaired regions. In this paper we introduce a new metric, which we call ISETBIOLAB, that is based on the computational observer model and is similar in spirit to S‐CIELAB but also incorporating the human visual system model. It is shown to have a better correlation to Subjective Test Scoring for visually lossless compression evaluation than either PSNR or S‐CIELAB. Also, since it is based on spatial and spectral expansion of subpixels, it is useful for evaluating any subpixel arrangement, and thus allowing direct comparisons of different display types.