gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination paclitaxel and vinorelbine therapy: in vitro cytotoxic interactions and dose-escalation study in breast cancer patients previously exposed to anthracyclines. (1999)

The objectives of the present study were first to analyse the in vitro cytotoxic interactions between paclitaxel and vinorelbine in order to approach the optimal clinical scheduling in cancer patients, and second to determine the maximum-tolerated doses of this combination without haematopoietic growth factor in breast cancer patients previously exposed to anthracyclines. The in vitro cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and vinorelbine alone, in combination and in sequence, was evaluated against the established human doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 (MCF7-R) breast carcinoma cell line using the standard isobologram methodology. Regarding the simultaneous exposure to vinorelbine and paclitaxel, the combined data points fell mainly on the left side of the envelope of additivity suggesting a synergistic interaction. Conversely the representative isobologram of MCF7-R cells for sequential exposure to vinorelbine followed by paclitaxel or paclitaxel followed by vinorelbine indicated antagonism. These results prompted us to perform a trial of paclitaxel/vinorelbine combination using the administration of these drugs on the same day directly one after the other. The dose-escalation trial included 20 women with metastatic breast cancer who were treated by paclitaxel every 3 weeks (135 mg/m2 starting dose) with 20 mg/m2 steps in subsequent cohorts of patients and vinorelbine (30 mg/m2 fixed dose). Patients were treated every 21 days. A total of 91 courses of therapy were administered to patients at three dose levels. Neutropenic fever was the dose-limiting toxicity at level 3 (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2). Other significant toxicities included sensory neuropathy, myalgias and fatigue. We conclude that paclitaxel 155 mg/m2 and vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 administered directly one after the other on the same day, every 21 days, are the doses recommended for further study.
Modeling of spectral dependences for 2D photonic crystal waveguide systems (2013)

A numerical algorithm is designed and implemented based on the joint application of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with absorbing boundary conditions (a combination of the perfectly matched layer (PML) and Mur first-order conditions) and the total-field/scattered-field technique (TF/SF). A complete formulation of the algorithm is given. The results of computing the spectral characteristics of the 2D photonic crystal with defects in the form of waveguides are presented. They demonstrate that it is possible to conduct calculations in a wide range of frequencies.
Demonstration and Commercialization of the Sediment Ecosystem Assessment Protocol (2017)

Abstract : This project was designed to demonstrate, commercialize, and promote regulatory awareness and acceptance of the Sediment Ecosystem Assessment Protocol (SEAP), an integrated assessment ecological risk assessment approach developed under Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project ER-1550 (Burton et al. 2012; Rosen et al. 2012), that focuses largely on the performance of a field deployed device referred to as the Sediment Ecotoxicity Assessment Ring (SEA Ring).
Fabrication Routes for High Strength High Conductivity Wires (1998)

The development of suitable wires for magnet windings requires both the attainment of suitable combinations of properties (electrical conductivity and strength), the development of a production route capable of fabricating suitable quantity of wire of required dimension (5.2x7.6mm{sup 2} cross-section and 120 m in length) and a product with acceptable fabricability, joinability and service life. In this survey, the authors consider methods of producing suitable wire products by the codeformation of in-situ composites. This will include details of the quality control of the processing of Cu-Ag and Cu-Nb and the assessment of their detailed mechanical properties.
Cytotoxic activity and toxicity study of HF8, a poly-herbal formulation (2021)

Breast cancer ranked the 2nd amongst all cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. We evaluated the anticancer, apoptotic activity and toxicity of the polyherbal formulation, HF8, prescribed by the herbalist in Saudi Arabia. HF8 was prepared by mixing different proportion of plants namely Rosmarinus officinalis. L, Vitis vinifera seeds, Cichorium intybus seeds, Trigonella foenum-graecum L seeds, Lavandula multifida L., Pistacia lentiscus resin, commiphora myrrha resin, and Viola odorata flower. The HF8 was evaluated for its cytotoxicity using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cells) cell lines. The result revealed promising cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 (IC50: 107 µg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 89.5 µg/mL) cell lines. Further, HF8 was assessed for its apoptotic potential using acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining and Caspase-3/7. After incubation with MDA-MB-231, the HF8 inducted apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3/7. The toxicity of the HF8 was assessed using zebrafish and Swiss Albino mice. The zebrafish embryos did not show any noticeable toxicities or teratogenicity when treated with HF8 with a concentration from 0.001 to 300 µg/ml. In acute toxicity, no mortality detected after a single dose (5000 mg/kg) administration to Swiss Albino mice of both genders. HF8 extract has the potential for development into a potent anticancer agent against breast cancer, albeit further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of action as well as validation of other drug development processes.
Challenging delivery of VLHL NS plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by osmotic pumps in diabetic mouse: A case report (2012)

ALZET(®) osmotic pumps are implantable devices used in animals for the continuous infusion of drugs or proteins at controlled rates from 1 day to 4 weeks. Pumps have been used successfully in a number of studies on the effects of controlled delivery of a wide range of experimental agents, independent of their properties. In the present study, use of these pumps was made in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mediates diabetic nephropathy, which is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Disproportionate PAI-1 inactivates tissue plasminogen activator, which is one of the proteolytic enzymes in a cascade responsible for ECM remodeling in the kidney. The decrease of PAI-1 in the kidney has been shown to arrest the progression of nephropathy in experimental animals. This was achieved using inactive PAI-1R which increased the clearance of wild-type PAI-1 in order to protect net proteolytic activity and ECM clearance. However, this protein has a brief half-life in vivo, therefore, high and frequent doses are required. Thus, VLHL NS PAI-1 protein with a long half-life of over 700 h (Gln197Cys, Gly355Cys) inactivated by single point mutation (Arg369Ala) was used. Following the sacrifice of animals the tips of the flow moderators of the osmotic pumps in the treated animals were found to be clogged. In addition, from each pump from the treatment group, but not controls, we collected 50-150 μl of clear liquid containing VLHL NS PAI-1, cellular and serum proteins suggesting early pump sealing by cellular material. In conclusion, despite encouraging results obtained for the PAI-1R protein, the method of VLHL PAI-1 delivery should be ameliorated.
Distribution of Human Granulocyte Colony‐stimulating Factor Receptors on Hematopoietic and Nonhematopoietic Tumor Cell Lines (1990)

Introduction of two tyrosine residues into human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) allowed us to obtain radioiodinated material efficiently. By using this material, specific receptors for human G-CSF were analyzed. It was found that human G-CSF receptors were expressed on several myelocytic and monocytic leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, they were also expressed on two choriocarcinoma cell lines. However, the human G-CSF receptors were not detected on other nonhematopoietic tumor cell lines examined, indicating that expression of G-CSF receptors is strictly limited as compared with receptors for granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which are widely distributed on nonhematopoietic tumors.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–SiC Nanocomposites Synthesized by Surface-Modified Aluminium Powder (2018)

Ceramic nanoparticle-reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have superior mechanical properties compared with matrix alloys, exhibiting great potential in structural applications in industries such as the aerospace and automotive sectors. This research proposes a new method for distributing SiC nanoparticles in an aluminium matrix alloy by powder metallurgy. The mixing of aluminium powder and SiC nanoparticles was processed by a two-step procedure, which included ultrasound-assisted stirring and planetary agitation. After that, the mixing powder was subjected to compaction, sintering and extrusion. A blank sample and three composite sheets containing 1, 2 and 3 wt % SiC nanoparticles were prepared and the mechanical properties were investigated by micro-hardness and tensile tests. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) were used for microstructural analysis of the composite. Experimental results revealed that by adding 1, 2, 3 wt % SiC nanoparticles, hardness was increased by 26%, 34.5%, 40.0% and tensile strength was increased by 22.3%, 28.6% and 29.3%, respectively. The grain size of the aluminium matrix decreased with the addition of SiC nanoparticles. Moreover, a decrease of elongation was observed with the increasing weight fraction of SiC.
Nicotinic Receptors and Neurodegenerative Dementing Diseases (1995)

Nicotinic cholinergic agonists represent a relatively newly developing area for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative dementias. Loss of cholinergic receptors has been reported not only in AD but also in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Clinical studies suggest that compounds that act to stimulate nicotinic receptors may improve learning and memory in a variety of models of cognitive impairment in animals. Early clinical studies have suggested positive effects on cognition of nicotine in human beings with and without AD. Finally, nicotinic compounds might show the progression of AD, as suggested by preclinical models of cell death as well as epidemiological evidence of a protective effect of smoking in AD and Parkinson's disease.
Classical Reagents: New Surprises in Palladium‐Catalyzed CC Coupling Reactions (2008)

From investigations on a relatively simple concept to identify conditions for promoting Mizoroki-Heck reactions with vinyl tosylates and phosphates, two serendipitous discoveries were made concerning new properties of palladium as a catalyst. In the first case, beta-hydride eliminations well known for alkyl metal complexes were found to be equally feasible with alkenyl metal compounds. And secondly, conditions were found for promoting intermolecular ene-yne couplings via a PdII-H intermediate. This coupling reactions represents an atom economical Mizoroki-Heck type reaction.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors prevent cytokine-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 by human islets (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by selective destruction of insulin-secreting beta-cells. Cytokines have been implicated as effector molecules that participate in both islet inflammation and beta-cell destruction during the development of IDDM. In this study, the effects of cytokines on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) by human islets were examined. In combination, the cytokines, human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and human recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), induce the time-dependent formation of nitrite and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human islets. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) completely inhibits cytokine-induced nitrite formation and attenuates PGE2 production by human islets. L-NMMA does not inhibit cytokine-induced expression of COX-2 by human islets, suggesting that nitric oxide may directly activate cyclooxygenase, an effect that has been previously demonstrated for isolated rat islets. This combination of cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) also induces the expression of iNOS mRNA by human islets as demonstrated by both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. We further show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A prevent IL-1 beta plus IFN-gamma-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS and the production of PGE2 and nitric oxide by human islets. These results demonstrate that cytokines induce the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by human islets and that cytokine-induced expression of both COX-2 and iNOS by human islets appears to require the activation of a tyrosine kinase(s).
The Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction (2000)

The construction of C-C bonds with complete control of the stereochemical course of a reaction is of utmost importance for organic synthesis. The aldol reaction-the simple addition of an enolate donor to a carbonyl acceptor-is one of the most powerful reactions available to the synthetic chemist. In general, control of the relative and absolute configuration of the newly formed stereogenic centers has been achieved through the use of chiral starting materials or chiral auxiliaries. In recent years the search for catalytic methods that efficiently and effectively transfer chirality information has become a major effort in synthetic organic chemistry. Two different approaches have been taken toward the catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction: biocatalysis and catalysis with small molecules. Both approaches have specific advantages and limitations, and as a result are complementary to each other. The important efforts toward both approaches are reviewed in this article.
Contribution of flowering trees to urban atmospheric biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (2012)

Abstract. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from urban trees during and after blooming were measured during spring and early summer 2009 in Boulder, Colorado. Air samples were collected onto solid adsorbent cartridges from branch enclosures on the tree species crabapple (Malus sp.), horse chestnut (Aesculus carnea, "Ft. McNair"), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos, "Sunburst"), and hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata, "Pauls Scarlet"). These species constitute ~ 65% of the insect-pollinated fraction of the flowering tree canopy (excluding catkin-producing trees) from the street area managed by the City of Boulder. Samples were analyzed for C10–C15 BVOC by thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector and a mass spectrometer (GC/FID/MS). Identified emissions and emission rates from these four tree species during the flowering phase were found to vary over a wide range. Monoterpene emissions were identified for honey locust, horse chestnut and hawthorn. Sesquiterpene emissions were observed in horse chestnut and hawthorn samples. Crabapple flowers were found to emit significant amounts of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde. Floral BVOC emissions increased with temperature, generally exhibiting exponential temperature dependence. Changes in BVOC speciation during and after the flowering period were observed for every tree studied. Emission rates were significantly higher during the blooming compared to the post-blooming state for crabapple and honey locust. The results were scaled to the dry mass of leaves and flowers contained in the enclosure. Only flower dry mass was accounted for crabapple emission rates as leaves appeared at the end of the flowering period. Total normalized (30 °C) monoterpene emissions from honey locust were higher during flowering (5.3 μgC g−1 h−1) than after flowering (1.2 μgC g−1 h−1). The total normalized BVOC emission rate from crabapple (93 μgC g−1 h−1) during the flowering period is of the same order as isoprene emissions from oak trees, which are among the highest BVOC flowering period floral emissions observed from plants to date. These findings illustrate that during the relatively brief springtime flowering period, floral emissions constitute by far the most significant contribution to the BVOC flux from these tree species, some of which are leafless at this time. Experimental results were integrated into the MEGAN biogenic emission model and simulations were performed to estimate the contribution of floral BVOC emissions to the total urban BVOC flux during the spring flowering period. The floral BVOC emitted during this three-month simulation are equivalent to 11% of the integrated monoterpene flux for the Boulder urban area.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia as an initial manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (2005)

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a rare complication of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the first report of a pediatric patient with BOOP as an initial presentation of SLE. She had dyspnea, cough, arthralgia, and erythema on her face. Laboratory examinations revealed pancytopenia, low serum levels of complements, and positivity for anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double stranded DNA antibody, and anti-SM antibody. Her respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and radiologic findings showed significant improvement after treatment with oral prednisolone. Although it is a rare complication among the pleuro-pulmonary manifestations in SLE, BOOP can be the first presentation, even in pediatric patients.
Consumption of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Improves Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Dyslipidemic Subjects and Provides an Additional LDL-Cholesterol Reduction in Individuals on Statin Therapy (2009)

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption on lipid and lipoprotein levels in humans. One hundred and two individuals participated of this single-blind controlled trial. Normolipidemic (n = 15), dyslipidemic (n = 57), and hypercholesterolemic subjects on long-term statin therapy (n = 30) ingested 330 mL, 3 times/day, of green or roasted yerba mate infusions for 40 days. In normolipidemic subjects, yerba mate consumption reduced LDL-cholesterol by 8.7% (p < 0.05). Compared with the baseline period, yerba mate intake by dyslipidemic individuals for 20 and 40 days lowered LDL-cholesterol by 8.1 and 8.6% (p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol by 5.4 and 6.5% (p < 0.01). After 20 days of yerba mate intake, apolipoprotein B was reduced by 6.0% (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was increased by 4.4% (p < 0.01). In all participants triglyceride levels remained unchanged. The consumption of yerba mate by hypercholesterolemic individuals on statin therapy promoted additional 10.0 and 13.1% reductions in LDL-C after 20 and 40 days, respectively (p < 0.001) and increased HDL-cholesterol by 6.2% after 40 days (p < 0.05). It was thus concluded that intake of yerba mate infusion improved the lipid parameters in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects and provided an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in hypercholesterolemic subjects on statin treatment, which may reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Targeted lipidomics using electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (2003)

There is an increasing need to be able to conduct quantitative lipidomics analyses as a complement to proteomics studies. The highest specificity for proteomics analysis can be obtained using methodology based on electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). For lipidomics analysis it is often necessary to be able to separate enantiomers and regioisomers. This can be very challenging when using methodology based on conventional reversed-phase chromatography. Normal-phase chromatography using chiral columns can provide dramatic improvements in the resolution of enantiomers and regioisomers. However, conventional ESI- and APCI-MS/MS has limited sensitivity, which makes it difficult to conduct studies in cell culture systems where only trace amounts of non-esterified bioactive lipids are present. The use of electron capture APCI-MS/MS overcomes this problem. Enantiomers and regioisomers of diverse bioactive lipids can be quantified using stable isotope dilution methodology coupled with normal-phase chiral chromatography and electron capture APCI-MS/MS. This methodology has allowed a lipidomics profile from rat epithelial cells maintained in culture to be delineated and allowed the effect of a non-selective lipoxygenase inhibitor to be assessed.
Radar polarimetry using sounding signals with dual orthogonality - PARSAX approach (2010)

The article describes specific aspects of the radar polarimetry using sounding signals with dual-orthogonality. Such signals provide the unique opportunity to measure all elements of the polarization back-scattering matrix simultaneously, during one sweep/pulse period of radar signal. This approach has been implemented in the IRCTR PARSAX radar system, the fully polarimetric high-resolution Doppler FMCW radar. The digital architecture of the radar starts from intermediate frequency and makes the radar fully reconfigurable in terms of sounding waveforms and processing algorithms.
Synthesis of Biaryls via Catalytic Decarboxylative Coupling (2006)

We present a safe and convenient cross-coupling strategy for the large-scale synthesis of biaryls, commercially important structures often found in biologically active molecules. In contrast to traditional cross-couplings, which require the prior preparation of organometallic reagents, we use a copper catalyst to generate the carbon nucleophiles in situ, via decarboxylation of easily accessible arylcarboxylic acid salts. The scope and potential economic impact of the reaction are demonstrated by the synthesis of 26 biaryls, one of which is an intermediate in the large-scale production of the agricultural fungicide Boscalid.
Improving the overall diagnosis of eyelid margin tumours with in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (2015)

Purpose The clinical diagnosis of eyelid margin tumours is often challenging and surgical excision in this area may have both functional and aesthetic consequences. Aim: to assess the role of handheld in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy ( IVCM ) in the diagnosis of eyelid margin tumours. Methods We prospectively evaluated and characterized 130 eyelid margin lesions using a handheld dermatology IVCM (Vivascope 3000, Mavig/Lcid, NY ). Patients were referred to our multidisciplinary consultation from may 2013 to april 2015. All lesions were first clinically characterized as benign or malignant and then evaluated under IVCM by 3 skilled Dermatologists. Surgical excision was decided for 79 of them, based on both clinical and IVCM features. The 51 remaining lesions with no signs of malignancy were under followed up for at least 6 months. Clinical, IVCM , and histopathology diagnoses were compared. Results Considering the 79 excised lesions: IVCM showed a sensitivity (Se) of 90% and a specificity (Sp) of 57% for malignant tumours (basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ), squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ), and melanoma) as compared to the histopathology. Clinical evaluation had Se of 81% and Sp of 50%. IVCM showed Se and Sp of respectively 89% and 62% for BCC ; 60% and 100% for SCC ; 100% and 45% for melanoma. None of the non‐excised lesions had clinical progression at 6 months and all these lesions were considered as benign. Conclusions IVCM is an important tool in the management of eyelid margin tumours by improving the global sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis GRANT : AP jeune chercheur GIRCI RAA .