gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impedance spectroscopy of CuIn 3 Se 5 photoabsorber films prepared by high vacuum evaporation technique (2010)

Abstract Thin films of CuIn3Se5 photoabsorber were deposited from the stoichiometric polycrystalline precursor onto glass/ITO substrates by using the high vacuum evaporation technique and following annealing in argon. The chalcopyrite structure of obtained films of CuIn3Se5 were confirmed by the XRD spectroscopy. The SEM micrographs, Raman spectra and EDS data confirm the enhanced morphology and composition of prepared CuIn3Se5 films. The obtained glass/ITO/CuIn3Se5/graphite sandwich structures demonstrate diode-shape I-V characteristics and photosensitivity. The annealed CuIn3Se5 films have a p-type of conductivity with the free carriers’ concentration in the range of 1016–1017 cm−3. An electrical equivalent circuit consisting of constant phase elements was used for modeling of the impedance spectroscopy measurements. Both impedance modeling and capacitance-voltage ( C − V ) curves show that there is a strong minority carrier accumulation process taking place at forward potentials.
Stereoselective aspects of hallucinogenic drug action and drug discrimination studies of entactogens (1989)

Stereochemical aspects of the structure-activity relationships of hallucinogenic drugs were explored through the asymmetric syntheses and pharmacological evaluations of two sets of analogues. The two lever drug discrimination (DD) paradigm was utilized with LSD (0.08 mg/kg) as the training drug. Four stereoisomeric derivatives of LSD were prepared in which the diethyl amide moiety was replaced with a 2-chloro-1-methylpropyl amide group. All of these analogues completely substituted for LSD with a 22-fold potency range and one of these novel derivatives exhibited a potency greater than LSD itself. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the amide portion of hallucinogenic ergolines in the drug-receptor interaction. Steric effects on the behavioral activity of phenethylamine type hallucinogens were investigated by comparing the DOM analogues 1- (2,5-dimethoxy-4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl) -2-aminopropane, and 1- (2,5-dimethoxy-4-(2-butyl)phenyl) -2-aminopropane. The effect of stereochemistry at the 4-position of these analogues was also studied. An asymmetric hydroboration procedure was employed in the preparation of the R and S 4-secbutyl analogues of DOM. The results suggest that steric bulk at the 4-position attenuates activity to a greater degree when it occurs close to the aromatic ring. A modest difference in the activities of the optically active derivatives was also observed and the results are discussed in terms of the possible role of charge-transfer complexation between hallucinogenic phenethylamines and the receptor. Finally, a series of drug discrimination experiments was performed in order to test the hypothesis that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-like compounds, termed entactogens, exert a novel type of psychopharmacology. Thus, the racemic mixtures and optical isomers of MDMA, the primary amine derivative, MDA, as well as MBDB, the $\alpha$-ethyl homologue of MDMA, were synthesized and compared with respect to discriminative stimulus properties. Groups of rats were trained to discriminate saline from ($\pm$)-MDMA (1.75 mg/kg), (+)-MBDB (1.75 mg/kg), LSD (0.08 mg/kg), or (+)-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and substitution tests, as well as a limited number of antagonist tests, were performed. The results clearly indicate that MDA, MDMA and MBDB share a common component of behavioral activity which is distinct from both hallucino-gen-like and stimulant-like effects. The structure-activity relationships of entactogens were also explored and found to be consistent with the concept that entactogens represent a novel class of drugs. In addition, since MBDB and the rigid analogue, 5,6-MDAI, lack the stimulant-like effects of MDMA, these drugs will be useful tools in future studies.
Electronic trading in financial markets (2003)

Technological innovations such as electronic communication networks bypass human intermediaries, increasing competition and reducing transaction costs for electronic trading in financial markets.
Self-supervised machine learning pushes the sensitivity limit in label-free detection of single proteins below 10 kDa (2022)

Abstract Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is a label-free optical method capable of detecting single proteins, localizing their binding positions with nanometer precision, and measuring their mass. In the ideal case, iSCAT is limited by shot noise so that collection of more photons should allow its detection sensitivity to biomolecules of arbitrarily low mass. However, a number of technical noise sources combined with speckle-like background fluctuations have restricted the detection limit in iSCAT. Here, we show that an unsupervised machine learning isolation forest algorithm for anomaly detection pushes the mass sensitivity limit by a factor of four to below 10 kDa. We implement this scheme both with a user-defined feature matrix and a self-supervised FastDVDNet and validate our results with correlative fluorescence images recorded in total internal reflection mode. Our work opens the door to the optical detection of small traces of disease markers such as alpha-synuclein, chemokines, and cytokines.
Pan-cancer analysis of IDO1 transcriptome expression and its impact on outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (2023)

2614 Background: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major component of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tryptophan catabolism is recognized as a metabolic pathway leading to immunosuppression and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme catabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine, has been investigated as a potential target. Analyzing the association of IDO1 and immune molecules in the TME could better elucidate the role of IDO1 as an immunotherapeutic strategy. Thus, we performed pan-cancer transcriptome analysis of IDO1 according to cancer types and immune molecules in the TME and evaluated survival outcomes in patients treated with ICIs based on IDO1 expression levels. Methods: Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of IDO1 and selected immune molecules in 514 patients with advanced solid tumors at the Moores Cancer Center at the University of California San Diego was performed. The rate of “High” (75-100 percentile), “Intermediate” (25-74), and “Low” (0-24) IDO1 RNA expression in each cancer type was calculated (rank compared to 735 controls). Univariate and multivariate analyses of the odds ratio (OR) for high IDO1 expression based on factors such as immune checkpoints, cancer types, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were conducted. Additionally, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the time of ICI therapy based on IDO1 expression was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis of survival outcomes was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Overall, 91 of 514 patients (17.7%) were classified into “High”, 228 (44.4%) into “Intermediate”, and 195 (37.9%) into “Low” IDO1 RNA expression. High IDO1 expression was seen in uterine (54.2%), ovarian (37.2%), and lung cancer (25.0%). In multivariate analysis, high STAT1 and CD40 expression, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer were correlated with high IDO1 expression. In patients treated with ICIs (N = 217), “High” IDO1 expression (N = 49) was associated with better PFS (HR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.40-0.83, p = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.47-0.83, p = 0.006) than “Intermediate/Low” IDO1 expression (N = 168). Multivariate analysis incorporating age, sex, IDO1, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG3, cancer types, TMB, and MSI revealed that IDO1 (HR = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.69, p = 0.006) and PD-1 (HR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.09-0.65, p = 0.005) are independent predictive factors for longer OS. Conclusions: IDO1 RNA levels are high in &gt;25% of uterine, ovarian, and lung cancers but differ from patient to patient between and within tumor types. High IDO1 levels correspond with longer PFS and OS from start of ICI therapy. These results suggest the importance of patient selection through pan-cancer molecular analysis and the potential role of IDO1 as a predictive marker for ICI therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Synthesis of Zamifenacin, a Muscarinic M3 Receptor Antagonist. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly Loaded Evanescent Cavities for Widely Tunable High-Q Filters (2007)

In the present work, a widely tunable high-Q air filled evanescent cavity bandpass filter is created in an LTCC substrate. A low loss Rogers Duroid <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> flexible substrate forms the top of the filter, acting as a membrane for a tunable parasitic capacitor that allows variable frequency loading. A commercially available piezoelectric actuator is mounted on the Duroid <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> substrate for precise electrical tuning of the filter center frequency. The filter is tuned from 2.71 to 4.03 GHz, with insertion losses ranging from 1.3 to 2.4 dB across the range for a 2.5% bandwidth filter. Secondarily, an exceptionally narrow band filter is fabricated to show the potential for using the actuators to fine tune the response to compensate for fabrication tolerances. While most traditional machining techniques would not allow for such narrow band filtering, the high-Q and the sensitive tuning combine to allow for near channel selection for a front-end receiver. For further analysis, a widely tunable resonator is also created with a 100% tunable frequency range, from 2.3 to 4.6 GHz. The resonator analysis gives unloaded quality factors ranging from 360 to 700 with a maximum frequency loading of 89%. This technique shows a lot of promise for tunable RF filtering applications.
α,ω-Difunctional Perfluorinated Spacer Arms for Polymeric Material Derivatization (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTα,ω-Difunctional Perfluorinated Spacer Arms for Polymeric Material DerivatizationPatrick Mougenot, Paul Mertens, Muriel Nguyen, Roland Touillaux, and Jacqueline Marchand-BrynaertView Author Information Université catholique de Louvain, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Bâtiment Lavoisier, place Louis Pasteur, 1, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1, 408–412Publication Date (Web):January 12, 1996Publication History Received12 July 1995Published online12 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951248nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951248nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Biomaterials,Mixtures,Molecules,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Transient Effects in the Propagation of a Sound Pulse in a Viscous Liquid (1969)

The propagation of an rf (f≈7.5-MHz) acoustic pulse in a viscous liquid, CCl4, has been experimentally investigated. As the path length increased, the pulse developed a precursor. Furthermore, the first peaks of the pulse were attenuated nonexponentially, persisting over much larger distances than later peaks in the pulse. These effects were noticeable for propagation distances x≳1/α, where α is the amplitude absorption coefficient. Theoretical results of Blackstock [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 41, 1312–1319 (1967)] for a step-modulated sinusoidal pulse were modified to take into account the actual shape of the experimental pulse at x=0. Comparison of the expected and measured pulse shapes gave good agreement for the peak positions, but only qualitative agreement for the peak heights. This discrepancy is probably due mainly to departure of the waves from the planarity assumed in the theory. [Supported in part by Office of Naval Research.]
A low-latency FIFO for mixed-clock systems (2002)

This paper presents a low-latency FIFO design that interfaces subsystems on a chip working at different speeds. First, a single-clock domain design is introduced, which is then used as a basis for a mixed-clock version. Finally, the design is adapted to work between subsystems with very long interconnection delays. The designs can be made arbitrarily robust with regard to metastability and clock frequencies.
Drug delivery systems for the development of prospective mucosal vaccine (2008)

インフルエンザや感染性腸炎などの新興・再興感染症が問題となっている昨今，これら感染症に対する有効なワクチンの開発が必要急務とされている．多くの病原微生物が呼吸器や消化器・泌尿器といった粘膜組織を介して感染することを考えると，粘膜組織における初発感染防御を誘導できるワクチンを開発することが重要である．近年，呼吸器や消化管といった粘膜組織に存在する粘膜免疫システムを応用し，粘膜組織における初発感染防御と生体内での二次防御を同時に誘導しようとする粘膜ワクチンが，次世代型のワクチンとして注目されている．本稿においては，粘膜免疫システムの特徴，ならびに粘膜ワクチンの実用化に向けた課題とその解決法としてのDDSの応用について概説したい．
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group Chemistry Breaking the Limits with Silylenes (2012)

Abstract Review: 10 refs.
Disruption Mitigation System Developments and Design for ITER (2015)

A disruption mitigation system (DMS) is under design for ITER to inject sufficient material deeply into the plasma for rapid plasma thermal shutdown and collisional suppression of any resulting runaway electrons. Progress on the development and design of both a shattered pellet injector (SPI) that produces large solid cryogenic pellets to provide reliable deep penetration of material and a fast opening high flow rate gas valve for massive gas injection (MGI) is presented. Cryogenic pellets of deuterium and neon up to 25 mm in size have been formed and accelerated with a prototype injector and a full scale prototype MGI valve is now in testing. Implications of the design with respect to response time and reliability at the proposed injector locations on ITER are discussed.
Functional human renin promoter in transfected cells: evidence for cell-specific expression. (1988)

Expression of the human renin gene is regulated in a tissue-specific manner, but study of this regulation has been limited by a lack of suitable cell lines that simulate endogenous control. In order to characterize the regulation of renin gene expression, the 5' flanking region (892 base pairs) from the human renin gene was linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and was introduced into multiple human cell lines by calcium phosphate precipitation or electroporation methods to assess transcriptional control. The human renin promoter was active when transfected into cultured human choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3) and rat vascular smooth muscle cells, but it was not active in many other cloned cell types. These results suggest that selective cell lines contain the specific trans-acting factors necessary for human renin gene expression, and support the concept of cell-specific expression of this gene.
Pd−mBDPP-Catalyzed Regioselective Internal Arylation of Electron-Rich Olefins by Aryl Halides (2006)

meso-2,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (mBDPP) has proved to be an effective regiocontrolling ligand for palladium-catalyzed internal arylation by aryl bromides of electron-rich olefins in a common solvent DMSO with no need for any halide scavengers. The arylation of the benchmark electron-rich olefin butyl vinyl ether took place smoothly to afford exclusively alpha-arylated product with high isolated yields. The better performance of mBDPP, compared with that of the commonly used DPPP [1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane], highlights the important but subtle effect of ligand on the regioselectivity of the Heck arylation reactions.
Learning through game modding (2006)

There has been a recent increase in the number of game environments or engines that allow users to customize their gaming experiences by building and expanding game behavior. This article describes the use of modifying, or modding , existing games as a means to learn computer science, mathematics, physics, and aesthetic principles. We describe two exploratory case studies of game modding in classroom settings to illustrate skills learned by students as a result of modding existing games. We also discuss the benefits of learning computer sciences skills (e.g., 3D graphics/mathematics, event-based programming, software engineering, etc.) through large design projects and how game design motivates students to acquire and apply these skills. We describe our use of multiple game modding environments in our classes. In addition, we describe how different engines can be used to focus students on the acquisition of particular skills and concepts.
Electrolyte transport by alkaline gland of little skate Raja erinacea (1985)

Transepithelial flux studies and conventional intracellular microelectrode measurements were employed to examine the mechanisms of ion transport by the alkaline gland of the male skate, Raja erinacea. These studies reveal that the transepithelial potential is 6.9 +/- 0.6 mV, lumen reference, and that the transepithelial resistance is 140 omega . cm2. The short-circuit current across this epithelium is entirely accounted for by net secretion of Cl, whereas transepithelial active transport of Na does not appear to be present in this tissue. Cl secretion and/or short-circuit current are reduced by serosal furosemide and abolished when the bathing solution Na is replaced with choline or when ouabain is added to the serosal bathing solution. Intracellular microelectrode studies reveal that the apical membrane potential is -43 mV, cell interior negative to the mucosal bathing solution. The transepithelial resistance in these tissues was 103 +/- 12 omega . cm2 and the apparent fractional resistance, i.e., the ratio of the change in apical membrane potential to the change in transepithelial potential produced by passing current across the epithelium was 0.39 +/- 0.09. Ion substitution experiments demonstrated that the apical membrane is dominated by a large Cl conductance while the basolateral membrane contains a barium-sensitive potassium conductance. These results suggest that the mechanism of Cl secretion by the alkaline gland is similar to the mechanism described for a variety of Cl secretory epithelia.
Unifying acute stroke treatment guidelines for a Bayesian belief network. (2013)

With the large number of clinical practice guidelines available, there is an increasing need for a comprehensive unified model for acute ischemic stroke treatment to assist in clinical decision making. We present a unified treatment model derived through review of existing clinical practice guidelines, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Using logic from the treatment model, a Bayesian belief network was defined and fitted to data from our institution's observational quality improvement database for acute stroke patients. The resulting network validates known relationships between variables, treatment decisions and outcomes, and enables the exploration of new correlative relationships not defined in current guidelines.
Data from NK-cell Editing Mediates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via Phenotypic and Proteomic Changes in Melanoma Cell Lines (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tumor cell plasticity is a major obstacle for the cure of malignancies as it makes tumor cells highly adaptable to microenvironmental changes, enables their phenotype switching among different forms, and favors the generation of prometastatic tumor cell subsets. Phenotype switching toward more aggressive forms involves different functional, phenotypic, and morphologic changes, which are often related to the process known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we report natural killer (NK) cells may increase the malignancy of melanoma cells by inducing changes relevant to EMT and, more broadly, to phenotype switching from proliferative to invasive forms. In coculture, NK cells induced effects on tumor cells similar to those induced by EMT-promoting cytokines, including upregulation of stemness and EMT markers, morphologic transition, inhibition of proliferation, and increased capacity for Matrigel invasion. Most changes were dependent on the engagement of NKp30 or NKG2D and the release of cytokines including IFNγ and TNFα. Moreover, EMT induction also favored escape from NK-cell attack. Melanoma cells undergoing EMT either increased NK-protective HLA-I expression on their surface or downregulated several tumor-recognizing activating receptors on NK cells. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis revealed in two different melanoma cell lines a partial overlap between proteomic profiles induced by NK cells or by EMT cytokines, indicating that various processes or pathways related to tumor progression are induced by exposure to NK cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; NK cells can induce prometastatic properties on melanoma cells that escape from killing, providing important clues to improve the efficacy of NK cells in innovative antitumor therapies. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(14); 3913–25. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lipid components of flax, perilla, and chia seeds (2012)

Abstract Composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, and TAGs in the lipids of flax, perilla, and chia seeds were investigated where lipid content was at 45, 40, and 35%, respectively. α‐Linolenic acid (ALA) dominated among fatty acids in all oils and accounted for 58.2, 60.9, and 59.8% in flax, perilla, and chia, correspondingly in these three oils trilinolenin was the main TAG found at 19.7, 22.6, and 21.3%. Triunsaturated TAGs accounted for 77.9, 77.5, and 74.5% of the total amounts in flax, perilla, and chia oils. Contents of tocopherol were at 747 in flax, 734 in perilla, and 446 mg/kg in chia seed lipids. γ‐Tocopherol was the dominating isomer contributing 72.7% in flax, 94.3% in perilla, and 94.4% in chia to the total amount of tocopherols. Flaxseed lipids contained 25.6% of plastochromanol‐8, derivative of γ‐tocotrienol with longer side chain; perilla and chia oils contained only 1.4% of it. Phytosterols were present at 4072, 4606, and 4132 mg/kg in those seeds, respectively. Among sterols, β‐sitosterol dominated and was found at 35.6, 73.3, and 49.8% of the total amounts of sterols in flax, perilla, and chia seed lipids. All of the investigated oilseeds have an excellent nutritional quality and can be a potential source of nutraceutical fats which can enrich diet in linolenic acid and other functional components.