gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GLYCOLATE OXIDASE3, a Glycolate Oxidase Homolog of Yeast l-Lactate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase, Supports l-Lactate Oxidation in Roots of Arabidopsis (2015)

In roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), l-lactate is generated by the reduction of pyruvate via l-lactate dehydrogenase, but this enzyme does not efficiently catalyze the reverse reaction. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis glycolate oxidase (GOX) paralogs GOX1, GOX2, and GOX3 as putative l-lactate-metabolizing enzymes based on their homology to CYB2, the l-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that GOX3 uses l-lactate with a similar efficiency to glycolate; in contrast, the photorespiratory isoforms GOX1 and GOX2, which share similar enzymatic properties, use glycolate with much higher efficiencies than l-lactate. The key factor making GOX3 more efficient with l-lactate than GOX1 and GOX2 is a 5- to 10-fold lower Km for the substrate. Consequently, only GOX3 can efficiently metabolize l-lactate at low intracellular concentrations. Isotope tracer experiments as well as substrate toxicity tests using GOX3 loss-of-function and overexpressor plants indicate that l-lactate is metabolized in vivo by GOX3. Moreover, GOX3 rescues the lethal growth phenotype of a yeast strain lacking CYB2, which cannot grow on l-lactate as a sole carbon source. GOX3 is predominantly present in roots and mature to aging leaves but is largely absent from young photosynthetic leaves, indicating that it plays a role predominantly in heterotrophic rather than autotrophic tissues, at least under standard growth conditions. In roots of plants grown under normoxic conditions, loss of function of GOX3 induces metabolic rearrangements that mirror wild-type responses under hypoxia. Thus, we identified GOX3 as the enzyme that metabolizes l-lactate to pyruvate in vivo and hypothesize that it may ensure the sustainment of low levels of l-lactate after its formation under normoxia.
High repetition rate, short pulse, diode pumped solid-state laser for space communications (1994)

Laser systems deliver low divergence light beam with high quality mode. This feature leads to a small emission antenna diameter, which is of great interest for future free-space communication systems. Today, diode pumped solid-state lasers are under intense research and development. 1 Indeed, in comparison with flash lamp pumped laser, they offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, compactness, lifetime, and high beam quality.
What I See is What You Don't Get (2018)

Emoji are popular in digital communication, but they are rendered differently on different viewing platforms (e.g., iOS, Android). It is unknown how many people are aware that emoji have multiple renderings, or whether they would change their emoji-bearing messages if they could see how these messages render on recipients' devices. We developed software to expose the multi-rendering nature of emoji and explored whether this increased visibility would affect how people communicate with emoji. Through a survey of 710 Twitter users who recently posted an emoji-bearing tweet, we found that at least 25% of respondents were unaware that the emoji they posted could appear differently to their followers. Additionally, after being shown how one of their tweets rendered across platforms, 20% of respondents reported that they would have edited or not sent the tweet. These statistics reflect millions of potentially regretful tweets shared per day because people cannot see emoji rendering differences across platforms. Our results motivate the development of tools that increase the visibility of emoji rendering differences across platforms, and we contribute our cross-platform emoji rendering software to facilitate this effort.
Improving Care And Research Electronic Data Trust Antwerp (iCAREdata): a research database of linked data on out-of-hours primary care (2016)

Primary out-of-hours care is developing throughout Europe. High-quality databases with linked data from primary health services can help to improve research and future health services. In 2014, a central clinical research database infrastructure was established (iCAREdata: Improving Care And Research Electronic Data Trust Antwerp, www.icaredata.eu ) for primary and interdisciplinary health care at the University of Antwerp, linking data from General Practice Cooperatives, Emergency Departments and Pharmacies during out-of-hours care. Medical data are pseudonymised using the services of a Trusted Third Party, which encodes private information about patients and physicians before data is sent to iCAREdata. iCAREdata provides many new research opportunities in the fields of clinical epidemiology, health care management and quality of care. A key aspect will be to ensure the quality of data registration by all health care providers. This article describes the establishment of a research database and the possibilities of linking data from different primary out-of-hours care providers, with the potential to help to improve research and the quality of health care services.
Radial Coherence of Diffusion Tractography in the Cerebral White Matter of the Human Fetus: Neuroanatomic Insights (2012)

High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) demonstrates transient radial coherence of telencephalic white matter in the human fetus. Our objective was to define the neuroanatomic basis of this radial coherence through correlative HARDI- and postmortem tissue analyses. Applying immunomarkers to radial glial fibers (RGFs), axons, and blood vessels in 18 cases (19 gestational weeks to 3 postnatal years), we compared their developmental profiles to HARDI tractography in brains of comparable ages (n = 11). At midgestation, radial coherence corresponded with the presence of RGFs. At 30-31 weeks, the transition from HARDI-defined radial coherence to corticocortical coherence began simultaneously with the transformation of RGFs to astrocytes. By term, both radial coherence and RGFs had disappeared. White matter axons were radial, tangential, and oblique over the second half of gestation, whereas penetrating blood vessels were consistently radial. Thus, radial coherence in the fetal white matter likely reflects a composite of RGFs, penetrating blood vessels, and radial axons of which its transient expression most closely matches that of RGFs. This study provides baseline information for interpreting radial coherence in tractography studies of the preterm brain in the assessment of the encephalopathy of prematurity.
A Web-based Large-scale Timelapse Editor for Creating and Sharing Guided Video Tours and Interactive Slideshows (2018)

Scientists, journalists, and photographers have used advanced camera technology to capture extremely high-resolution timelapse and developed information visualization tools for data exploration and analysis. However, it takes a great deal of effort for professionals to form and tell stories after exploring data, since these tools usually provide little aids in creating visual elements. We present a web-based timelapse editor to support the creation of guided video tours and interactive slideshows from a collection of large-scale spatial and temporal images. Professionals can embed these two visual elements into web pages in conjunction with various forms of digital media to tell multimodal and interactive stories.
Contact-activated factors: contaminants of immunoglobulins preparations with coagulant and vasoactive properties. (1980)

The intramuscular or intravenous administration of ISG prepared from human plasma by ethanol fractionation can elicit such reactions as pain at the injection site, flushing, and even hypotension. Similar adverse reactions to plasma protein fraction, a volume expander also made by ethanol fractionation, have been associated with PKA (Hageman factor fragments) in the product. Twenty-five lots of commercial ISG were therefore analyzed for PKA and kallikrein, components of the contact activation system which could mediate such reactions through the generation of kinins in recipients. Kallikrein activity ranged from undetectable levels to > 60% of the total potential kallikrein activity in normal plasma. PKA, which was measured by its ability to catalyze the conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein, ranged from 5% to 3950% of the activity in a reference plasma protein fraction that had caused hypotension. All but five lots increased vascular permeability in the guinea pig. The five lots which caused no increased were also the lowest in PKA and kallikrein activity. When ISG ws subjected to gel chromatography to separate the enzymic contaminants from immunoglobulin G, only the fractions containing PKA and/or kallikrein increased vascular permeability. Several lots of ISG shortened the nonactivated partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma fro 236 sec to 38 to 55 sec. During gel chromatography, coagulation activity was eluted in a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 150,000; it was inhibited by antibody to human factor XI. These data indicate that factor XIa is responsible for the coagulant activity observed and that PKA and/or kallikrein are potential mediators of vasoactive reactions to ISG.
Increased serum high mobility group box-1 level in Churg–Strauss syndrome&#x2028;THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED (2007)

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare form of systemic vasculitis occurring in patients with asthma and hypereosinophilia; however, its mechanisms involved in the severe tissue inflammation with vasculitis are poorly understood. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, originally identified as a DNA binding protein, also has potent pro-inflammatory and proangiogenic properties. In this study, we hypothesized that HMGB1 might be associated with CSS, and examined serum HMGB1 levels and compared those of asthma patients and healthy volunteers. We also investigated HMGB1 expression in the lesion, and eosinophil HMGB1 amount in CSS patients. We found that the serum HMGB1 levels in CSS patients were significantly higher than those of asthma patients and healthy volunteers. Eosinophils in the CSS lesion expressed HMGB1 and HMGB1 level in eosinophils from CSS patients was significantly higher than that of asthma patients, while there was no significant difference in HMGB1 levels in peripheral mononuclear cells. The serum HMGB1 level in CSS patients decreased after the steroid therapy, and showed significant positive correlations with several molecules, including soluble interleukin-2 receptor, soluble thrombomodulin, and eosinophil cationic protein in sera. We propose that HMGB1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of CSS.
A Cluster or Filament of Galaxies at Redshift [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 2.5? (1999)

We report the discovery of 56 new Lyα-emitting candidates (LECs) at redshift z ≈ 2.5 in a field of 8′ × 14′ around two previously known weak radio QSOs and a cosmic microwave background decrement (CMBD) that is plausibly due to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Broadband and medium-band imaging at the redshifted Lyα wavelength have allowed us to identify the LECs at the redshift of the QSOs. Three of the brightest LECs have been confirmed spectroscopically, with redshifts between z = 2.501 and z = 2.557; one of them is another QSO. Excluding the third QSO, the four spectroscopically confirmed objects form a 3′ filament with a rest-frame velocity dispersion of 1000 km s-1 lying adjacent to the CMBD, and there is a significant concentration of LECs at the northwest end of the filament around the brightest QSO. If confirmed, a velocity dispersion ~1000 km s-1 on a proper scale of ~1 Mpc at redshift z = 2.5 would, in and of itself, constrain the cosmological model to low Ω.
Effect of trans fatty acid intake on abdominal and liver fat deposition and blood lipids: a randomized trial in overweight postmenopausal women (2011)

The adverse effect of dietary TFA on cardiovascular disease risk involves induction of dyslipidemia, and perhaps body fat, whereas weight gain-independent accumulation of ectopic fat could not be identified as a contributory factor during short-term intake.
Sound Absorption Improvement in Porous Ferroelectret Polyethylene with Effective Piezoelectric Mechanism (2022)

Airborne sound absorption in porous materials involves complex mechanisms of converting mechanical acoustic energy into heat. In this work, the effective piezoelectric properties of polyethylene ferroelectret foams on sound absorption were investigated by comparable samples with and without the piezoelectric response. Corona poling and thermal annealing treatments were applied to the samples in order to enable and remove the piezoelectric property, respectively, while the microstructure and the mechanical properties remained substantially unchanged. The effective piezoelectric properties and airborne sound absorption coefficients of the polyethylene foam samples before and after material treatments were measured and analyzed. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis showed that the open-cell ferroelectret polymer foam with an effective piezoelectric property provides an additional electromechanical energy conversion mechanism to enhance the airborne acoustic absorption performance.
Cu-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of primary and secondary benzyl halides with arylboronates (2014)

A copper-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of benzyl halides with arylboronates is described. Varieties of primary benzyl halides as well as more challenging secondary benzyl halides with β hydrogens or steric hindrance could be successfully converted into the corresponding products. Thus it provides access to diarylmethanes, diarylethanes and triarylmethanes.
Vapor phase SiO2 etching and metallic contamination removal in an integrated cluster system (1995)

Vapor phase pregate oxide surface preparation was studied in a high vacuum cluster tool. SiO2 was etched with anhydrous vapor hydrogen fluoride and methanol vapor. The oxide etch rate can be well controlled by varying wafer temperature, chamber pressure, and gas flow rates. A standard error of 5% in oxide etch rate has been achieved. Particles generated are less than ten per 125 mm wafer at an oxide etch rate of 60 Å/min. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal no added Si surface microroughness attributable to vapor hydrogen flouride (HF) etching. Trace metallic contaminants such as iron and chromium were reduced with UV/Cl2 based processes. A combination of vapor HF etching followed by UV/Cl2 metal removal is an effective pregate oxide surface preparation.
Control of crystal size tailors the electrochemical performance of α-V2O5 as a Mg2+ intercalation host (2021)

α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> has been extensively explored as a Mg<sup>2+</sup> intercalation host with potential as a battery cathode, offering high theoretical capacities and potentials vs. Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Mg. However, large voltage hysteresis is observed with Mg insertion and extraction, introducing significant and unacceptable round-trip energy losses with cycling. Conventional interpretations suggest that bulk ion transport of Mg<sup>2+</sup> within the cathode particles is the major source of this hysteresis. Herein, we demonstrate that nanosizing α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> gives a measurable reduction to voltage hysteresis on the first cycle that substantially raises energy efficiency, indicating that mechanical formatting of the α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> particles contributes to hysteresis. However, no measurable improvement in hysteresis is found in the nanosized α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> in latter cycles despite the much shorter diffusion lengths, suggesting that other factors aside from Mg transport, such as Mg transfer between the electrolyte and electrode, contribute to this hysteresis. This observation is in sharp contrast to the conventional interpretation of Mg electrochemistry. Therefore, this study uncovers critical fundamental underpinning limiting factors in Mg battery electrochemistry, and constitutes a pivotal step towards a high-voltage, high-capacity electrode material suitable for Mg batteries with high energy density.
Introducing Lasso Peptides as Molecular Scaffolds for Drug Design: Engineering of an Integrin Antagonist (2011)

Tightening the noose: Lasso peptides are a class of stable bacterial peptides with unique characteristics that encourage their application in drug design. Epitope grafting of the integrin binding motif RGD onto the lasso structure of microcin J25 converts the knotted peptide into a nanomolar integrin antagonist (see picture). Engineered lasso peptides can therefore be used for pharmacophore presentation.
Query rewriting for semistructured data (extended version) (1998)

We address the problem of query rewriting for TSL, a language for querying semistructured data. We develop and present an algorithm that, given a semistructured query $q$ and a set of semistructured views ${\cal V}$, finds rewriting queries, i.e., queries that access the views and produce the same result as $q$. Our algorithm is based on appropriately generalizing containment mappings, the chase, and query composition -- techniques that were developed for structured, relational data. We also develop an algorithm for equivalence checking of TSL queries. We show that the algorithm is sound and complete for TSL, i.e., it always finds every non-trivial TSL rewriting query of $q$, and we discuss its complexity. We extend the rewriting algorithm to use some forms of structural constraints (such as DTDs) and find more opportunities for query rewriting
Low-Latency FPGA Based Financial Data Feed Handler (2011)

Financial exchanges provide real time data feeds containing trade, order and status information to brokers, traders and other market makers. ITCH is one such market data feed that is disseminated by the NASDAQ exchange. The work presented in this paper describes an FPGA based ITCH feed handler and processing system. The handler, built on the Stone Ridge RDX-11 hardware platform with a combination of HDL and Impulse C, accepts and processes ITCH packet sat line speed with extremely low latency. Our implementation parses sixteen different stock symbols in the feed and generates an outbound packet on the NASDAQ one second heartbeat. The unit was tested with an artificial feed that could be adjusted in speed to simulate market surges. The system demonstrated a turnaround latency of 2.7μs with very little variation for all tested feed rates. The CPU equivalent demonstrated 38±22μs(1x rate) with a long tail illustrating the variability inherent to processing by the host O/S. The FPGA solution demonstrated ultra-low, deterministic latency and was able to continue processing data at the line rate limit.
Scalable look-ahead linear regression trees (2007)

Most decision tree algorithms base their splitting decisions on a piecewise constant model. Often these splitting algorithms are extrapolated to trees with non-constant models at the leaf nodes. The motivation behind Look-ahead Linear Regression Trees (LLRT) is that out of all the methods proposed to date, there has been no scalable approach to exhaustively evaluate all possible models in the leaf nodes in order to obtain an optimal split. Using several optimizations, LLRT is able to generate and evaluate thousands of linear regression models per second. This allows for a near-exhaustive evaluation of all possible splits in a node, based on the quality of fit of linear regression models in the resulting branches. We decompose the calculation of the Residual Sum of Squares in such a way that a large part of it is pre-computed. The resulting method is highly scalable. We observe it to obtain high predictive accuracy for problems with strong mutual dependencies between attributes. We report on experiments with two simulated and seven real data sets.
Primary calibration of ultrasonic hydrophone using optical interferometry (1988)

A primary calibration method for ultrasonic hydrophones which uses a Michelson interferometer to determine the particle displacement in an ultrasonic field is discussed. The acoustic pressure is derived from this measurement and used to determine the free-field sensitivity of a hydrophone in the frequency range 0.5-15 MHz. The random uncertainty of the method is typically 1%, whereas the systematic uncertainty varies from 2.3 to 6.6% over the frequency range. To obtain this accuracy, the performance of the system has been carefully examined and appropriate correction factors derived. The greatest difficulty in the method lies in determining the frequency response of the optical detection system, and two different approaches have been used to measure this response. Several acoustical effects have also been studied and the calibration procedure modified to take account of them. The calibration results are in agreement with those of other methods and with the theoretically predicted frequency response of a hydrophone. The method has been used to determine the temporal stability of a hydrophone over a period of two years.
A Standardized Approach to Performing the Action Research Arm Test (2007)

The study of stroke and its treatment in human subjects requires accurate measurement of behavioral status. Arm motor deficits are among the most common sequelae after stroke. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a reliable, valid measure of arm motor status after stroke. This test has established value for characterizing clinical state and for measuring spontaneous and therapy-induced recovery; however, sufficient details have not been previously published to allow for performance of this scale in a standardized manner over time and across sites. Such an approach to ARAT scoring would likely reduce variance between investigators and sites. This report therefore includes a manual that provides a highly detailed and standardized approach for assigning ARAT scores. Intrarater reliability and interrater reliability, as well as validity, with this approach were measured and are excellent. The ARAT, when performed in a standardized manner, is a useful tool for assessment of arm motor deficits after stroke.
Induced factor binding to the interferon-stimulated response element. Interferon-alpha and platelet-derived growth factor utilize distinct signaling pathways (1991)

Interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) each rapidly stimulate binding of nuclear factors from Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, to a 29-base pair regulatory sequence derived from the 5' upstream region of the murine 2-5A synthetase gene. This regulatory sequence contains a functional interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and also functions as a PDGF-responsive sequence. We show that IFN alpha induces binding of a protein of molecular mass 65 kDa to the ISRE. Constitutively expressed ISRE-binding proteins of 98 and 150 kDa are also demonstrated. Binding of inducible factors to the ISRE increases significantly within 15 min of IFN alpha or PDGF treatment. PDGF-induced binding is not mediated by IFN beta. The protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine and K252a, block PDGF-induced ISRE binding and 2-5A synthetase gene expression. IFN alpha-induced ISRE binding and gene activation are not blocked by these inhibitors. Treatment of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate or dibutyryl cyclic AMP does not activate ISRE binding factors or 2-5A synthetase gene expression. PDGF responsiveness of the ISRE in vivo is also sensitive to staurosporine, indicating that inhibition of a protein kinase activity blocks the PDGF-specific transcriptional signal. Our data indicate the signal transduction pathway for IFN alpha-induced, ISRE-dependent transcription is distinct from the PDGF-induced ISRE response and is likely independent of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C activities.