gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidance Document on the Estimation of LOD and LOQ for Measurements in the Field of Contaminants in Food and Feed (2016)

The European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (EURL PAH), the EURL for Heavy Metals in Feed and Food (EURL HM), the EURL for Mycotoxins (EURL Mycotoxins), and EURL for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food aim to provide with this document guidance to official food control in the EU on the estimation of the limit of quantification of analytical methods for the determination of individual substances in the field of contaminants in feed and food. The document focusses on estimation of the limit of detection (LOD) and/or limit of quantification (LOQ) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (HM), mycotoxins, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).\nThe concept presented here consists of two major routes: The first route responds to the requirements for determination of PAHs, HMs and Mycotoxins. The second route corresponds to PCDD/F and PCB analysis, where results are calculated as sum-parameters and expressed in toxic equivalents (TEQs), converting thereby congener concentrations together with estimated LOQs using toxic equivalency factor (TEFs) into TEQs. Due to the nature of this more complex procedure, emphasis is put in the area of PCDD/F and PCB analysis on the LOQs, while LODs are of minor consequence.\nTerminology in this guidance document was adapted to the chemical analysis of contaminants in feed and food; hence, some of the general terms defined and used in international standards were replaced by more specific terms applicable to analytical chemistry. The presented statistical-mathematical approach is based on elements taken mainly from DIN 32645:2008-11 (DIN 2008) and ISO 11843-2:2000 (ISO 2000).\nThis document covers only quantitative methods of analysis. \nThe authors believe that LOD and LOQ values derived from the application of the presented experimental methodologies converge to a certain degree. Estimation of LOD/LOQ values based on blank measurements, and from calibration data is described. Signal-to-noise ratios are applied in the area of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Mathematical terms and statistical background are presented as well.\nThis guide document shall be applied systematically if measurement results are used for monitoring purposes and exposure modelling. However, authors are aware that precise knowledge of LOD/LOQ may not be required when assessing compliance with maximum levels exceeding LOD/LOQ. This guidance document shall be applied if maximum levels and analysis results are close to the expected LOQ.
Learning to Simplify Sentences Using Wikipedia (2011)

In this paper we examine the sentence simplification problem as an English-to-English translation problem, utilizing a corpus of 137K aligned sentence pairs extracted by aligning English Wikipedia and Simple English Wikipedia. This data set contains the full range of transformation operations including rewording, reordering, insertion and deletion. We introduce a new translation model for text simplification that extends a phrasebased machine translation approach to include phrasal deletion. Evaluated based on three metrics that compare against a human reference (BLEU, word-F1 and SSA) our new approach performs significantly better than two text compression techniques (including T3) and the phrase-based translation system without deletion. 1
Post-translational cleavage of presecretory proteins with an extract of rough microsomes from dog pancreas containing signal peptidase activity. (1977)

The protease(s) responsible for removing the amino-terminal extension of nascent presecretory proteins (signal peptidase) has been extracted from rough microsomes of dog pancreas with the detergent sodium deoxycholate. Preprolactin and pre-growth-hormone, prepared by in vitro translation of bovine pituitary RNA in the wheat germ system, were used to assay signal peptidase in the extract. When added to the wheat germ system during translation, the extract reduced the size of preprolactin and pre-growth-hormone to that of prolactin and growth hormone, respectively. Post-translational addition of the extract also reduced the size of preprolactin and pre-growth-hormone to that of the authentic hormones. The prolactin produced by post-translational cleavage of radiolabeled preprolactin has been shown, by partial amino-terminal sequence analysis, to have the correct amino terminus. This post-translational assay has permitted the investigation of the subcellular localization of the enzyme. Sodium deoxycholate extracts of rough microsomes were active, whereas extracts of smooth microsomes were inactive. However, without detergent treatment, neither rough nor smooth microsomes were capable of cleaving preprolactin in the post-translational assay. From this we conclude that the signal peptidase activity is confined to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is latent. Finally, we have detected two small peptides which we believe could be the signal peptides generated by the endoproteolytic cleavage of preprolactin and pre-growth-hormone by signal peptidase.
Developing an Unsupervised Real-Time Anomaly Detection Scheme for Time Series With Multi-Seasonality (2020)

On-line detection of anomalies in time series is a key technique used in various event-sensitive scenarios such as robotic system monitoring, smart sensor networks and data center security. However, the increasing diversity of data sources and the variety of demands make this task more challenging than ever. First, the rapid increase in unlabeled data means supervised learning is becoming less suitable in many cases. Second, a large portion of time series data have complex seasonality features. Third, on-line anomaly detection needs to be fast and reliable. In light of this, we have developed a prediction-driven, unsupervised anomaly detection scheme, which adopts a backbone model combining the decomposition and the inference of time series data. Further, we propose a novel metric, Local Trend Inconsistency (LTI), and an efficient detection algorithm that computes LTI in a real-time manner and scores each data point robustly in terms of its probability of being anomalous. We have conducted extensive experimentation to evaluate our algorithm with several datasets from both public repositories and production environments. The experimental results show that our scheme outperforms existing representative anomaly detection algorithms in terms of the commonly used metric, Area Under Curve (AUC), while achieving the desired efficiency.
OMAR a haptic display for speech perception by deaf and deaf-blind individuals (2002)

A system for haptic (i.e. kinesthetic and cutaneous) stimulation of the hand is described. While the immediate application involves display of speech information, a number of other man-machine interface applications may be feasible, including force-feedback devices for computer interaction and human pattern extraction from multiple datastreams. In an attempt to model more closely the information streams available via the Tadoma method, OMAR was developed to stimulate kinesthetic as well as tactile receptors, by moving and vibrating fingers in one or two dimensions using hard-disk head-positioning actuators. OMAR is being used in experiments involving basic haptic perception and supplementation of speechreading with haptic codings of speech correlates obtained via X-ray microbeam measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SOIL HETEROGENEITY AND PLANT COMPETITION IN ANANNUAL GRASSLAND (1997)

Variation in competitive ability due to variation in soil characteristics is one possible mechanism allowing the local coexistence of plant species. We measured soil water, depth, and nitrogen pools and fluxes in distinct patches of three serpentine grassland species to determine whether soil heterogeneity existed and was correlated with plant species abundance. Through experimental manipulation of species’ abundances, we also examined the relative importance of inherent site characteristics vs. plant species’ effects in generating heterogeneity in the measured soil characteristics; and measured species’ competitive abilities in different patch types. The three common grassland annuals, Calycadenia multiglandulosum, Plantago erecta, and Lasthenia californica, were segregated with respect to the measured soil characteristics. Differences in soil water, soil depth, soil microbial nitrogen, and soil carbon to nitrogen ratio were due to inherent site characteristics, while differences in nitrate availability were strongly affected by the identity of the species currently growing in a soil patch. Furthermore, all species performed significantly better against one other species in the patch type where they are normally most abundant. These results demonstrate that species diversity within this grassland contributes to soil heterogeneity and suggest that soil heterogeneity could contribute to the coexistence of these species.
Effects of sidelobes on acousto-optic tunable filter imaging (2017)

An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is used in the development of hyperspectral imagers from the ultraviolet to the longwave infrared. The spectral response of the transmitted intensity from an AOTF with a rectangular transducer has a sinc2(x) distribution and so far the light leakage from the sidelobes is ignored in hyperspectral imagers. When unpolarized white light is incident on an AOTF, two orthogonally polarized diffracted beams at a specific wavelength with a narrow bandpass filter are transmitted for an applied radio frequency (RF), and an image cube is obtained by tuning the applied RF. We carried out a detailed study of light transmitted through the sidelobes of a TeO2 AOTF operating in the shortwave infrared region from 0.9 to 1.7 μm to image a scene containing a laser. The AOTF imaging system used telecentric confocal optics that compensate for AOTF aberrations. We used a 16-channel RF driver with independent amplitude and frequency control. By switching off specific RF signals applied to the AOTF, the detailed sidelobe structure for the transmitted intensity was measured and compared with theory. We found that close to 10% of the transmitted light is leaked through the sidelobes. Here, we present our experiment and analysis of the results.
Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution (2008)

There is large variation between individuals in their response to air pollutants. This review summarises the existing evidence that genetic factors influence the mechanisms of lung injury caused by air pollutants. Genetic association studies have compared the adverse effects of air pollutants between subjects with specific genotypes in biologically relevant genes. In human studies of ozone exposure, polymorphisms in oxidative stress genes (NQO1, GSTM1, GSTP1) modify respiratory symptoms, lung function, biomarkers and risk of asthma. Inflammatory gene polymorphisms (TNF) influence the lung function response to ozone, and the effect of different levels of ozone on the development of asthma. Polymorphisms in oxidative stress genes (GSTM1, GSTP1) alter the response to combined exposure to ragweed pollen and diesel exhaust particles. Importantly, polymorphisms in an oxidative stress gene (GSTM1) have predicted patients with asthma who benefit from antioxidant supplementation in Mexico City, which has chronically high ozone exposure. Genetic linkage studies of families have not been feasible for studying the effects of air pollution in humans, but some progress has been made with pedigrees of specially bred mice, in identifying chromosomal regions linked to effects of ozone or particles. A high priority now, in addition to avoiding exposure in the most susceptible people, is to clearly identify the most effective and safe chemopreventive agents for individuals who are genetically susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution (eg, antioxidants to be taken during high ozone levels).
Predictive segmentation method for 3D inspection accuracy and robustness improvement (2009)

Accuracy and robustness of 3D inspection methods, which are based on structural lightening, strongly depend on surface reflectance and its geometry. If the intensity of light profile undergoes disturbances or the image is interfered with reflection artefacts, then the algorithms for height determination fail. The paper presents a method for predictive light profile line segmentation which employs information from 3D model of inspected object. Besides calculation of profile position, based on confidence intervals, the advantage of surface normal pitch and surface scattering are utilized. The necessary information is calculated based on STL object model and surface description extension. The developed algorithm includes error model of camera and laser optics, what corrects distortion and vignetting. The developed solution increases accuracy and robustness of machine vision quality inspection systems especially based on laser triangulation.
The Rice Actin-Binding Protein RMD Regulates Light-Dependent Shoot Gravitropism (2019)

Light and gravity are two key determinants in orientating plant stems for proper growth and development. The organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are essential for cell biology and critically regulated by actin-binding proteins. However, the role of actin cytoskeleton in shoot negative gravitropism remains controversial. In this work, we report that the actin-binding protein Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) shoots. The changes in actin organization are associated with the ability of the rice shoots to respond to negative gravitropism. Here, light-grown <i>rmd</i> mutant shoots exhibited agravitropic phenotypes. By contrast, etiolated <i>rmd</i> shoots displayed normal negative shoot gravitropism. Furthermore, we show that RMD maintains an actin configuration that promotes statolith mobility in gravisensing endodermal cells, and for proper auxin distribution in light-grown, but not dark-grown, shoots. <i>RMD</i> gene expression is diurnally controlled and directly repressed by the phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein OsPIL16. Consequently, overexpression of <i>OsPIL16</i> led to gravisensing and actin patterning defects that phenocopied the <i>rmd</i> mutant. Our findings outline a mechanism that links light signaling and gravity perception for straight shoot growth in rice.
Facile Approach to Nonlinear Optical Side-Chain Aromatic Polyimides with Large Second-Order Nonlinearity and Thermal Stability (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile Approach to Nonlinear Optical Side-Chain Aromatic Polyimides with Large Second-Order Nonlinearity and Thermal StabilityTian-An Chen, Alex K.-Y. Jen, and Yongming CaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 27, 7295–7296Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00132a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00132a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views432Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 523: Expression, Activation and Function of Integrin α M β 2 on Neutrophil-derived Microparticles (2007)

The levels of circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles (MPs) are elevated in thrombosis and most cardiovascular diseases, and it has been suggested that MPs are not only markers of disease but also active contributors to pathogenesis via their interaction with various cell types. Such interactions will depend on the presence and activity of molecules expressed on the MP surface. In our study we have considered the presence and activation state of a major adhesion receptor on the surface of leukocytes, integrin α M β 2 (CD11b/18, Mac-1) on MPs derived from human neutrophils (PMN). MPs were obtained from resting or agonist-stimulated PMNs, and the presence of α M β 2 was assessed by FACS. α M β 2 expression was significantly enhanced on MPs derived from stimulated PMN (e.g., resting MPs: MFI = 3.5 ± 0.7 vs PMA-MPs: MFI = 20 ± 4, and fLMP-MPs: MFI = 24 ± 5). PSGL-1 was expressed by MPs but levels were not affected by stimulation. Of note, α M β 2 expressed on MPs obtained from stimulated PMNs was in active conformation as assessed using mAb (CBRM1/5) to activation-dependent epitope of this integrin. Recognition of a protein ligand, fibrinogen, by activated α M β 2 on the MPs was also demonstrable. With evidence of a functionally active integrin, we sought to evaluate its role in mediating MP interaction with platelets. MP binding to isolated, resting platelets was dose and time dependent. However, MPs expressing activated α M β 2 bound to more platelets, and only MPs obtained from stimulated PMNs induced platelet activation as assessed P-selectin expression (resting-MPs: MFI = 25.1 ± 6.5 vs PMA-MPS: MFI = 293 ± 60, n = 4). MP binding and platelet activation were reduced by ~40–50% by function-blocking mAbs to α M β 2 and GPIbα, implicated as a major counter-receptor for α M β 2 . Complete abrogation of these events was achieved by the combination of blocking reagents to both α M β 2 /GPIbα and to PSGL-1/P-selectin. In conclusion, MPs released by stimulated PMNs express activated α M β 2 . This integrin cooperates with PSGL-1 to mediate interaction with and activation of platelets.
Molecular Engineering of Photoacoustic Performance by Chalcogenide Variation in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Brain Vascular Imaging (2020)

As conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have attracted growing interest as photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agents, revelation of the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and PA property is highly in demand. Here, three donor-acceptor-structured conjugated polymer analogs are designed, where only a single heteroatom of acceptor units changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium, allowing for systematic investigation of the molecular structure-PA property relationship. The absorption and PA spectra of these CPNs can be facilely tuned by changing the heteroatoms of the acceptor units. Moreover, the absorption coefficient, and in turn the PA signal intensity, decreases when the heteroatom changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium. As these CPNs exhibit weak fluorescence and similar photothermal conversion efficiency (≈70%), their PA intensities are approximately proportional to their absorption coefficients. The in vivo brain vasculature imaging in this study also demonstrates this trend. This study provides a simple but efficient strategy to manipulate the PA properties of CPNs through changing the heteroatom at key positions.
Electron paramagnetic resonance: a new techniquein skin research (2000)

BACKGROUND/AIM: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of nitroxide spin probes have been used for studying biological membranes and chemical-membrane interaction. We have investigated the influence of surfactants on the intercellular lipid structure of cadaver stratum corneum and the possibility of EPR spectral measurements on the stripped stratum corneum utilizing cyanoacrylate resin, which might reflect the actual skin lipid conditions. CONCLUSION: EPR spectra are useful in evaluating the fluidity measurement of stratum corneum of cadaver skin and stripped stratum corneum.
Measuring Effects of Observational Learning and Social-Network Word-of-Mouth (WOM) on the Sales of Daily-Deal Vouchers (2013)

In recent years, daily-deal sites that help sellers offer deep-discounted vouchers have become an increasingly popular marketing vehicle. To investigate their effectiveness on sales, this study hypothesizes two different mechanisms, i.e., observational learning and Word-of-Mouth (WOM) via online social networks, affect shopping behaviors and sales of daily-deal vouchers. Using a unique panel data set consisting of accurate sales data of more than 500 deals from Groupon.com, this study empirically tests saliency of the two mechanisms. The findings indicate that while both mechanisms have a significantly positive association with voucher sales, the effect is stronger for Facebook-mediated WOM than for observational learning. We find that one Facebook Like on a deal, on average, is associated with two additional voucher sales and thus an increase of $215 in revenue. However, we do not find consistent evidence that Twitter-mediated WOM has any impact on the voucher sales.
Quasi Current Mode Control for the Phase-Shifted Series Resonant Converter (2008)

A novel indirect current mode control is applied in the phase-shifted series resonant converter system. The current is generated from resonant tank vector and the resonant current is regulated indirectly through quasi current mode control and thus the dynamic performance of the converter system is improved. Only single voltage feedback is required for the system. The proposed system consists of two control loops with one inner resonant vector and one outer voltage loop. Analysis and practical experiments are carried out and the results show the better performance compared with that of the conventional control.