gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traceable Phosphorus Measurements by ICP-OES and HPLC for the Quantitation of DNA (2007)

Measurement of the phosphorus content of nucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) offers an approach to the quantitation of nucleic acids that is traceable to the SI. Such measurements can be an alternative to the commonly used spectroscopic tools that are not traceable. Phosphorus measurements of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP) and acid-digested plasmid and genomic DNA preparations were made using high-performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (HP-ICP-OES) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared for bias and uncertainty. A prerequisite for quality measurement is the purity of the materials. Quantitation with the two platforms was comparable for the TMP. However, the HPLC values had larger uncertainties and were all statistically different from the gravimetric values at the 95% confidence level. When using ICP-OES, the digestion of the nucleotide monophosphate can be eliminated, thus simplifying the procedure. The differences between the results obtained by using the two platforms, when measuring genomic or plasmid DNA, were dependent on the mass fraction of the digest. ICP-OES measurement of phosphorus provides a highly accurate quantitation for both nucleotide monophosphates and DNA with expanded uncertainties of less than 0.1%. Currently, ICP-OES requires a significant sample size restricting its usefulness for the quantitation of DNA but represents a valuable tool for certification of reference materials. HPLC requires smaller amounts of material to perform the analysis but is less useful for certification of reference materials because of lower accuracy and 10-fold higher expanded uncertainties.
Model Simulation of Oil Hydraulic Systems Controlled by PWM Using 3-Way Ball Valve. (1995)

Although suitable for microcomputer technology, PWM control applied to oil hydraulic systems has one defect-unavoidable pulsation. In order to achieve a satisfactory design for such systems, as well as pulsation-reducing devices, a theoretical tool which can properly simulate their performances is essential. The present paper offers an improved simulation method for an oil hydraulic system with a 3-way ball valve driven by PWM. The present theoretical model has the following features which are rarely found in previous models : (1) adequate estimation of the PWM valve characteristics based on measurement, (2) consideration of wave propagation in channels connecting elements, (3) an ordinary power source model consisting of a pump and a relief valve. Agreements between numerical predictions and experimental results are satisfactory. The simulation has also clarified that absolute negative pressures and consequent cavitation bubbles can emerge in control lines when the valve drain port is exposed to the atmosphere.
Charge transport in single crystal CVD diamond studied at high temperatures (2021)

Abstract The capability of single crystal diamonds to maintain their unique electronic properties even at high temperatures is, in particular, relevant for its applications as a radiation detector. In order to explore characteristics of charge transport at high temperatures (up to 450 ∘ C), diamond was exposed to MeV energy ions, both, to induce radiation damage and to probe subsequent influence on detector’s properties. Dependence of mobility-lifetime product with temperature has been obtained for electrons and holes. For holes, mu-tau displays a linear degradation with rising temperature, while for electrons, change with temperature is less evident. Furthermore, deep trapping levels induced in the material by radiation damage, were studied through time-resolved charge signals. Detrapping time was extracted from this data. Hole trap level, with the activation energy of 0.53 ± 0.01 eV has been detected in the regions of the diamond detector previously irradiated by 5 MeV damaging proton beam, but not in the pristine regions. This indicates that the trap was formed due to defect induction during radiation damage exposure. Activation of this deep level is important for charge transport performance in diamond detectors operating at high temperatures and high radiation conditions.
Realizing the advantages of optical reconfigurability and restoration with integrated optical cross-connects (2003)

Optical layer capacity and unit cost improvements are basic to the rapid growth of Internet protocol (IP) networks. However, the new rapid reconfiguration and restoration capabilities of the optical layer have been sparingly utilized by IP network operators. This paper argues that this is consistent with the economics: restoration based on a "discrete" optical cross-connect (DOXC), i.e., one not integrated into wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), incurs heavy interface costs. In addition, we argue that there are architectural and control issues that are roadblocks to IP exploitation of rapid optical layer reconfigurability. We then describe an architecture based on optical cross-connects (OXCs) integrated with the WDM (IOXCs), and one instantiation of this architecture using a class of degree-N optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs), and propose a method to use these to provide efficient shared-capacity path-based restoration after link failures. A series of economic comparisons are made on both a 120-node hypothetical national network and a smaller express backbone network to compare hard-wired, DOXC-based, and IOXC-based optical networks when used to transport OC-192 IP traffic. The conclusion is that the IOXC-based architectures seem to be a promising way to introduce reconfigurability into the optical layer cost-effectively. These architectures also seem to be economically competitive with link restoration done in the IP layer, even if rapid reconfigurability is not an imposed requirement. (It should be noted that other IP layer failure modes are not included in the analysis.) Finally, we describe some of the control and management plane challenges introduced by these architectures. We also identify and describe several applications that leverage optical layer reconfigurability to benefit the IP Layer; however, these require some IP layer changes, which we mention.
Compact dual-printed inverted-F antenna diversity systems for portable wireless devices (2004)

Dual-printed inverted-F antenna diversity systems for terminal devices operating at 5.2 GHz under both switched and combining schemes are presented. Diversity performance is evaluated by means of the calculated envelope correlation coefficient, the mean effective gain and the effective diversity gain of the two antennas. An investigation into the effect of the antennas' placement and of the corrugated ground plane on the performance of the system has also been conducted. It is shown that many configurations can provide uncorrelated signals of the same power level, but with significantly different radiation pattern complementarity, antenna efficiency, and effective diversity gain.
Streptococcus thermophilus and its biosurfactants inhibit adhesion by Candida spp. on silicone rubber (1997)

The adhesion of yeasts, two Candida albicans and two Candida tropicalis strains isolated from naturally colonized voice prostheses, to silicone rubber with and without a salivary conditioning film in the absence and presence of adhering Streptococcus thermophilus B, a biosurfactant-releasing dairy isolate, was studied. Coverage of 1 to 4% of the surface of silicone rubber substrata with adhering S. thermophilus B gave significant reductions in the initial yeast adhesion regardless of the presence of a conditioning film. Mechanistically, this interference in yeast adhesion by S. thermophilus B was not due to direct physical effects but to biosurfactant release by the adhering bacteria, because experiments with S. thermophilus B cells that had released their biosurfactants prior to adhesion to silicone rubber and competition with yeasts did not show interference with initial yeast adhesion. The amounts of biosurfactants released were highest for mid-exponential- and early-stationary-phase bacteria (37 mg.g of cells-1 [dry weight]), but biosurfactants released by stationary-phase bacteria (14 mg.g of cells-1 [dry weight]) were the most surface active. The crude biosurfactants released were mixtures of various components, with a glycolipid-like component being the most surface active. A lipid-enriched biosurfactant fraction reduced the surface tension of an aqueous solution to about 35 mJ.m-2 at a concentration of only 0.5 mg.ml-1. The amount of biosurfactant released per S. thermophilus B cell was estimated to be sufficient to cover approximately 12 times the area of the cross section of the bacterium, making biosurfactant release a powerful defense weapon in the postadhesion competition of the bacterium with microorganisms such as yeasts. Preadsorption of biosurfactants to the silicone rubber prior to allowing yeasts to adhere was as effective against C. albicans GB 1/2 adhesion as covering 1 to 2% of the silicone rubber surface with adhering S. thermophilus B, but a preadsorbed biosurfactant layer was less effective against C. tropicalis GB 9/9.
Effect of Protein Kinase C Inhibitors and 2,3-Butanedione Monoxime on the Long-Term Hypothermic Preservation of Isolated Rat Hearts (1996)

1. This study examines the protective effect of staurosporine, chelerythrine, Ro 31-8220 and 2,3-butanedione monoxime in rat hearts during hypothermic storage. 2. Hearts were microperfused at 4 degrees C for 24 or 48 h with a storage buffer that in some cases contained one of these protein kinase C inhibitors either alone or in combination with 2,3-butanedione monoxime. After hypothermic storage, hearts were rewarmed to 37 degrees C with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Cardiac function was then assessed in either Langendorff mode or working heart mode. 3. Compared with values from fresh non-stored hearts, hypothermic stored hearts showed a significant decrease in both coronary flow and left ventricular developed pressure when the stored hearts were reperfused in Langendorff mode. The decrease in coronary flow and left ventricular developed pressure was more pronounced in hearts stored for 48 h than in those stored for 24 h. 4. Hearts stored for 24 or 48 h, with or without the protein kinase C inhibitors, and then perfused in working mode generated less aortic flow and less cardiac output than fresh unstored hearts. 5. Hearts preserved in solutions containing staurosporine, chelerythrine, Ro 31-8220 or 2,3-butanedione monoxime had significantly higher left ventricular developed pressure values on reperfusion than hearts stored without any such drug. 6. Addition of 2,3-butanedione monoxime to a storage buffer containing either staurosporine, chelerythrine or Ro 31-8220 further improved left ventricular developed pressure, aortic flow and cardiac output values in these stored hearts. The group of hearts stored in a buffer containing 2,3-butanedione monoxime and chelerythrine gave the highest left ventricular developed pressure value seen during reperfusion. 7. The ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations of hearts stored in buffer alone were significantly lower than those of fresh unstored hearts, irrespective of the duration of storage. ATP concentrations were better preserved in hearts stored in a buffer containing 2,3-butanedione monoxime or/and one of the protein kinase C antagonists than those stored without such antagonists. A positive correlation was found between peak cardiac output values and the concentrations of combined high-energy phosphates in various groups of stored and reperfused hearts. 8. The present study showed that inhibition of protein kinase C during long-term hypothermic storage significantly increased high-energy phosphate concentrations and also improved contractile function during reperfusion.
Inversion of ground constant offset loop-loop electromagnetic data for a large range of induction numbers (2014)

ABSTRACT Ground loop-loop electromagnetic surveys are often conducted to fulfill the low-induction-number condition. To image the distribution of electric conductivity inside the ground, it is then necessary to collect a multioffset data set. We considered that less time-consuming constant offset measurements can also reach this objective. This can be achieved by performing multifrequency soundings, which are commonly performed for the airborne electromagnetic method. Ground multifrequency soundings have to be interpreted carefully because they contain high-induction-number data. These data are interpreted in two steps. First, the in-phase and out-of-phase data are converted into robust apparent conductivities valid for all the induction numbers. Second, the apparent conductivity data are inverted in 1D and 2D to obtain the true distribution of the ground conductivity. For the inversion, we used a general half-space Jacobian for the apparent conductivity valid for all the induction numbers. This method was applied and validated on synthetic data computed with the full Maxwell theory. The method was then applied on field data acquired in the test site of Provins, in the Parisian basin, France. The result revealed good agreement with borehole and geologic information, demonstrating the applicability of our method.
Lithium Purification System Development for Long-Life Lithium-Fed Lorentz Force Accelerators (2007)

Lithium is an attractive metal propellant for advanced nuclear-electric propulsion missions because its low molecular weight results in high Isp and high conductivity for advanced MPD thrusters. The ALFA NASA program investigated a liquid lithium MPD thruster to support a > 5 year mission. Unfortunately, lithium is corrosive to most metals, leeches elements from alloys, destroys dielectric insulators, and is prone to contamination. Therefore, long-duration deep space missions using lithium will only be possible if these adverse effects can be mitigated or eliminated. For the ALFA NASA mission, cathode erosion and work function poisoning due to impurities (notably oxygen) was observed and severely limits lifetime. Using a lithium purification and filtration system with highly porous gettering materials in series with cold trap filters is a possible way of reducing lithium contamination levels; thereby improving thruster lifetime. A proof-of-concept experiment was carried out to examine cold filtering and evaluate several candidate getter materials for purification. The long-term goal is to develop an active filtering and purification system for the ALFA thruster, or other lithium/liquid metal fed thrusters, to mitigate contamination effects for long-duration (>5 years) space missions. Starfire Industries successfully demonstrated: (1) reduction in impurity content by filtration, (2) regeneration of the filter assembly, (3) getter operation and regeneration, and (4) established a baseline for designing a prototype for a laboratory-scale thruster. These advances increase the regenerable filtration and gettering concept from TRL 1 to TRL 3. In addition, significant mass reduction is realized when compared to getter-only purification schemes that would likely perform poorer than the described system.
The relationship between femoral periprosthetic cortical bone geometry and porosity after total hip arthroplasty (2007)

Stress shielding from the presence of a femoral component can cause adverse changes to cortical bone geometry and porosity leading to increased fracture risk in the periprosthetic cortical bone. The objectives of this study were to determine if porosity increased after total hip arthroplasty along the principal axes, and to determine if a relationship existed between cortical bone porosity and geometry. Ten postmortem donors allowed comparisons of implanted femurs to the contralateral nonimplanted femurs. Transverse cross-sections of the femur were taken at 25, 45, 65, and 85% along the length of the femoral component. The cortical bone principal axes' location (degrees) and rigidity values (mm(4)) were based on cortical bone geometry by using digitized images of the cortical bone cross-sections. Percent porosity was measured along the principal axes using backscatter electron imaging. Cortical bone porosity increased in the more distal sections of the implanted femurs by approximately 3%, but did not preferentially increase along a particular principal axis. No correlation was found between changes in porosity and rigidity values. In conclusion, the porosity increases in the implanted femurs may have regionally reduced cortical bone strength. The locations of higher porosity did not appear related to the cortical bone geometry.
[Treatment of a solitary renal cyst using percutaneous drainage and repeat alcoholization]. (1996)

The Authors report their results on the treatment of simple voluminous renal cyst with percutaneous drainage and three times repeated sclerosis with pure alcohol every 24 hours. After a mean follow-up of 28 months They report a 96% of success with only two recurrences. Since the fair results and low invasiveness of the method, the Authors propose the repeated alcoholization in the treatment of simple voluminous renal cysts.
Two additional common subunits, ABC10 alpha and ABC10 beta, are shared by yeast RNA polymerases. (1991)

Yeast nuclear RNA polymerases are multisubunit enzymes that contain in common some small subunits. We show that the smallest, a 10-kDa component of three enzymes (A10, B10, and C10), is heterogeneous. In each case, it can be resolved into two distinct polypeptides (alpha and beta) by reverse-phase chromatography. A10 alpha, B10 alpha, and C10 alpha were indistinguishable on the basis of their electrophoretic and chromatographic behaviors, characteristic silver staining, and tryptic peptide analysis. All three polypeptides are blocked at their amino termini. By the same criteria, A10 beta, B10 beta, and C10 beta were also indistinguishable. The amino-terminal sequence of A10 beta and C10 beta corresponded to that of subunit B10 recently cloned by Woychik and Young (Woychik, N. A., and Young, R. A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17816-17819). Thus, the three forms of RNA polymerase share two additional and distinct polypeptides, ABC10 alpha and ABC10 beta, that therefore can be considered bona fide subunits of these enzymes. Interestingly, these two subunits bind zinc.
Socio-cultural transformation and drug dependence in youth. (2009)

Drugs are surrounded by an aura of myths. They are associated with various cults, ideologies, social movements and – unfortunately – pathologies. Humanity has been familiar with psychoactive substances for time immemorial but the functions of these substances have changed over the years. This change has been increasingly dynamic of late. Within the last few decades not only has the model of drug taking changed but also young people’s attitudes towards the substances. Most noteworthy is the evolution that has taken place in the model of drug taking. Nowadays the practice is not limited, as it used to be, to narrow circles of recognisably pathological youngsters but has spread to pupils, students and young men and women who have completed their education and joined the work force, who treat some of the substances as a no less popular element of their daily lives than alcohol. This state of affairs has been brought about to a considerable extent by the changes which are taking place on the drug market itself and by the quantum change in attitudes towards psychoactive substances. The model of functioning of people who take drugs has also changed. Previously, drugs were not taken on an occasional basis but were part of a permanent drug culture. Those who took drugs formed tight-knitted communities. Now, however, young people often take drugs spontaneously, occasionally, almost on the spur of the moment, without being associated with any specific social margin. Youngsters’ enormous receptivity to soft drugs and the constant presence of marihuana in their cultural activities has “habituated” them to the problems of drug dependence and led them to feel that they can take drugs and still belong to the drug-free community.
Dispersion of monophasic action potential durations and activation times during atrial pacing, ventricular pacing, and ventricular premature stimulation in canine ventricles (1983)

We studied dispersion of repolarisation and the components of dispersion during atrial pacing (AP), ventricular pacing (VP), and programmed ventricular premature stimulation (VPS) using six simultaneously recorded monophasic action potentials (MAP's) from ventricular surface in nine open-chest dogs. Varitions in MAP duration (MAPD) caused no changes in the configuration of strength-interval curves. During AP, maximum dispersion (MD) between any two of six sites averaged 32± 10 ms, consisting of 27 ± 10 ms MAPD and 4±9 ms activation time (AT) differences; during VP, MD averaged 77± 16 ms, consisting of 7± 15 ms MAPD and 70± 13 ms AT differences. Maximum dispersion in the earliest ventricular premature complexes (VPC) averaged 97 ± 16 ms: the difference between this value and the MD during VP was due to an increase in MAPD difference without significant change in AT difference. Dispersion during VPS exceeded dispersion during AP by 5 to 70 ms at 61 of 68 pairs of adjacent sites separated by 1.5 to 2.0 cm; the greatest increases were due to added contributions of MAPD and AT differences. Greatest dispersion between any two of six sites during VPS occurred in the early VPC, ie, at coupling intervals (CI) ≤30 ms following effective refractory period (ERP), but at the adjacent sites the timing of greatest dispersion during VPS varied, occurring at about one half of the sites at CI within 40 to 220 ms following ERP. Our results show that the MD during AP is due predominantly to MAPD difference, during VP predominantly to AT difference, and that prematurity increases the contribution of MAPD differences to dispersion from an average of 9% during VP to an average of 25%. No spontaneous repetitive activity occurred during VPS on the surface of the left ventricle using 2 ms stimuli of strength up to 40 mA.
Dr. Oetker legt Sparprogramm auf (2022)

Dr. Oetker reagiert auf drastisch steigende Kosten mit einem Sparprogramm. Der Hersteller plant, die jährlichen Ausgaben um 250 Mio. Euro zu senken – womöglich auch durch einen Stellenabbau.
Nonlinear Harmonic Distortion of Complementary Golay Codes (2023)

Recent advances in electronics miniaturization have led to the development of low-power, low-cost, point-of-care ultrasound scanners. Low-cost systems employing simple bi-level pulse generation devices need only utilize binary phase modulated coded excitations to significantly improve sensitivity; however the performance of complementary codes in the presence of nonlinear harmonic distortion has not been thoroughly investigated. Through simulation, it was found that nonlinear propagation media with little attenuative properties can significantly deteriorate the Peak Sidelobe Level (PSL) performance of complementary Golay coded pulse compression, resulting in PSL levels of -62 dB using nonlinear acoustics theory contrasted with -198 dB in the linear case. Simulations of 96 complementary pairs revealed that some pairs are more robust to sidelobe degradation from nonlinear harmonic distortion than others, up to a maximum PSL difference of 17 dB between the best and worst performing codes. It is recommended that users consider the effects of nonlinear harmonic distortion when implementing binary phase modulated complementary Golay coded excitations.