gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Water Lubricated Hybrid Thrust Bearing: Measurements and Predictions of Static Load Performance (2016)

Process fluid lubricated thrust bearings (TBs) in a turbomachine control rotor placement due to axial loads arising from pressure fields on the front shroud and back surface of impellers. To date, prediction of aerodynamic induced thrust loads is still largely empirical. Thus needs persist to design and operate proven thrust bearings and to validate predictions of performance derived from often too restrictive computational tools. This paper describes a test rig for measurement of the load performance of water lubricated hydrostatic/hydrodynamic thrust bearings operating under conditions typical of cryogenic turbo pumps. The test rig comprises of a rigid rotor composed of a thick shaft and two end collars. A pair of flexure-pivot hydrostatic journal bearings (38 mm in diameter) support the rotor and quill shaft connected to a drive motor. The test rig hosts two thrust bearings (8 pockets with inner diameter equal to 41 mm and outer diameter equal to 76 mm); one is a test bearing and the other is a slave bearing, both facing the outer side of the thrust collars on the rotor. The slave TB is affixed rigidly to a bearing support. A load system delivers an axial load to the test TB through a non-rotating shaft floating on two aerostatic radial bearings. The test TB displaces to impose a load on the rotor thrust collar and the slave TB reacts to the applied axial load. The paper presents measurements of the TB operating axial clearance, flow rate and pocket pressure for conditions of increasing static load (max. 3,600 N) and shaft speed to 17.5 krpm (tip speed 69.8 m/s) and for an increasing water supply pressure into the thrust bearings, max. 17.2 bar (250 psig). Predictions from a bulk flow model that accounts for both fluid inertia and turbulence flow effects agree well with recorded bearing flow rates (supply and exiting thru the inner diameter), pocket pressure and ensuing film clearance due to the imposed external load. The measurements and predictions show a film clearance decreasing exponentially as the applied load increases. The bearing flow rate also decreases, and at the highest rotor speed and lowest supply pressure, the bearing is starved of lubricant on its inner diameter side, as predicted. The measured bearing flow rate and pocket pressure aid to the empirical estimation of the orifice discharge coefficient for use in the predictive tool. The test data and validation of a predictive tool give confidence to the integration of fluid film thrust bearings in cryogenic turbo pumps as well as in other more conventional (commercial) machinery. The USAF Upper Stage Engine Technology (USET) program funded the work during the first decade of the 21st century.
Regulation Of Caveolin-dependent Endocytosis By Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones (2014)

Calreticulin (CRT) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein that is involved in quality control process during protein folding and maturation. It plays an important role as a regulator of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Previously it has been shown that loss of CRT protein results in endoplasmic reticulum stress, increase in ubiquitin-proteasome activity, and resistance to apoptosis. Our preliminary studies illustrated that CRT deficient cells expresses significantly higher connexin 43 protein, however its function is significant suppressed. We showed that connexin 43 was accumulated within intracellular vesicles. Because connexin 43 function is dependent on its trafficking and localization, we hypothesized that loss of CRT function increases rate of endocytosis via caveolin dependent pathway. To test our hypothesis we measured the rate of uptake of fluorescently tagged-Wheat Germ Agglutinin, in wild type (wt) versus crt-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF). In crt-/- cells WGA was completely endocytosed within 30 minute incubation while in wt cells WGA was localized both on cell membrane and intracellular vesicles at 30 minute. The endocytotic process in crt -/- was significantly reduced by inhibiting proteasome activity with MG132. The caveolin-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in crt-/- cells compared to wt cells. However, there were no significant changes in clathrin protein level in wt versus crt-/- cells. Using Methyl-B-cylcodextrin to deplete cell cholesterol content, we demonstrated inhibition of endocytosis in crt-/- cells which confirms a major role for caveolin in endocytosis in these cells. Overall our data are the first to illustrate the inhibitory role of CRT in endocytotic pathways. Acknowledgment: This research was funded by Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP4-043-3-016).
Oatp1 Enhances Bioluminescence by Acting as a Plasma Membrane Transporter for d-luciferin (2014)

The increase in light output thus obtained will allow more sensitive detection of luciferase-expressing cells in vivo.
Increasing Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in South Lower Saxony, Germany (1989)

In the epidemiological area of South Lower Saxony the prevalence of multiple sclerosis increased from 51/100,000 in 1969 to 99 in 1986. The mean annual incidence increased from 2.6 for the period from 1964-1974 to 4.6 for 1975-1985. This trend is significant (p = 0.0068). Diagnostic criteria, methods of case finding and analysis of the data remained stable. Minor necessary changes as for example due to new data protection laws and new handling of early cases by practising physicians can hardly explain this significant increase. In consideration of similar reports from all over the world biological exogenous factors are suspected but remain to be identified.
Highly Active and Specific Tyrosine Ammonia-Lyases from Diverse Origins Enable Enhanced Production of Aromatic Compounds in Bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015)

Phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia-lyases form cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, which are precursors of a wide range of aromatic compounds of biotechnological interest. Lack of highly active and specific tyrosine ammonia-lyases has previously been a limitation in metabolic engineering approaches. We therefore identified 22 sequences in silico using synteny information and aiming for sequence divergence. We performed a comparative in vivo study, expressing the genes intracellularly in bacteria and yeast. When produced heterologously, some enzymes resulted in significantly higher production of p-coumaric acid in several different industrially important production organisms. Three novel enzymes were found to have activity exclusively for phenylalanine, including an enzyme from the low-GC Gram-positive bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus, a bacterial-type enzyme from the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, and a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from the moss Physcomitrella patens (producing 230 μM cinnamic acid per unit of optical density at 600 nm [OD600]) in the medium using Escherichia coli as the heterologous host). Novel tyrosine ammonia-lyases having higher reported substrate specificity than previously characterized enzymes were also identified. Enzymes from Herpetosiphon aurantiacus and Flavobacterium johnsoniae resulted in high production of p-coumaric acid in Escherichia coli (producing 440 μM p-coumaric acid OD600 unit(-1) in the medium) and in Lactococcus lactis. The enzymes were also efficient in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where p-coumaric acid accumulation was improved 5-fold over that in strains expressing previously characterized tyrosine ammonia-lyases.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Containing Ionic Liquids as Efficient Catalysts for Hydroxymethylation in Water. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observation of magnetic dead layers at the surface of iron oxide films (1986)

Depth profiles of the magnetization of sputtered films of Fe3O4 and its oxidized form, γ-Fe2O3, were obtained by the new polarized neutron reflection technique. We find that the magnetization of Fe3O4 is constant throughout the thickness (2600 Å) of the film except for a surface region about 25 Å deep corresponding to the surface roughness. In contrast the oxidized sample shows a magnetically dead layer ∼150 Å thick at the surface. X-ray and transmission electron microscopy studies give no evidence that the surface layers differ structurally from the bulk of the film, although there is the possibility of a highly defective surface region formed during the oxidation process.
The Molybdenum Site of Sulfite Oxidase:  A Comparison of Wild-Type and the Cysteine 207 to Serine Mutant Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (1996)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the molybdenum and sulfur K-edges has been used to probe the active site of wild-type and cysteine 207 → serine mutant human sulfite oxidases. We compare the active site structures in the Mo(VI) oxidation states: the wild-type enzyme possesses two MoO ligands at 1.71 Å and three Mo−S ligands at 2.41 Å. The mutant molybdenum site is a novel trioxo site with MoO bond lengths of 1.74 Å, with two Mo−S ligands at 2.47 Å. We conclude that cysteine 207 is a ligand of molybdenum in wild-type human sulfite oxidase, and that, in the mutant, the Mo is ligated to an extra oxo group rather than the hydroxyl of the substituent serine 207.
Transcriptomic analysis of developing seeds in a wheat mutant RSD32 with reduced seed dormancy (2019)

Abstract Seed dormancy, a major factor regulating pre-harvest sprouting, can severely hinder wheat cultivation. Abscisic acid biosynthesis and sensitivity play important roles in the regulation of seed dormancy. Reduced Seed Dormancy 32 (RSD32), a wheat mutant with reduced seed dormancy, is derived from the pre-harvest sprouting tolerant cultivar, Norin61. RSD32 is regulated by a single recessive gene and mutant phenotype expressed in a seed-specific manner. Results of this study show that Norin61 has a low germination index (GI) of whole seeds at 50 days after pollination (DAP) and earlier developmental stages. In RSD32, higher GI of whole seeds was found on DAP40. Dormancy was released by DAP50. Gene expressions in embryos of Norin61 and RSD32 were compared using RNA-seq analysis at the different developmental stages of DAP20, DAP30, and DAP40. Numbers of up-regulated gene in RSD32 are similar in all developmental stages. However, down-regulated genes in RSD32 are more numerous on DAP20 and DAP30 than on DAP40. Homologous genes related to circadian clock regulation and Ca 2+ signaling pathway, which have fundamental functions for plant growth and development, are involved in down-regulated genes in RSD32 on DAP20. For central components affecting the circadian clock, genes homologous to CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 ( CCA1 ) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL ( LHY ), which act as morning expressed genes, are expressed at lower levels in RSD32. However, higher expressions of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 ( TOC1 ) and PHYTOCLOCK 1 homologues, acting as evening expressed genes, are observed in RSD32. Homologues of Ca 2+ signaling pathway related genes are found to be specifically expressed on DAP20 in Norin61. Lower expression is shown in RSD32. These results suggest that RSD32 mutation expresses on DAP20 and earlier seed developmental stages and suggest that circadian clock regulation and Ca 2+ signaling pathway are involved in regulating wheat seed dormancy.
SoDA: Multi-Object Tracking with Soft Data Association (2020)

Robust multi-object tracking (MOT) is a prerequisite fora safe deployment of self-driving cars. Tracking objects, however, remains a highly challenging problem, especially in cluttered autonomous driving scenes in which objects tend to interact with each other in complex ways and frequently get occluded. We propose a novel approach to MOT that uses attention to compute track embeddings that encode the spatiotemporal dependencies between observed objects. This attention measurement encoding allows our model to relax hard data associations, which may lead to unrecoverable errors. Instead, our model aggregates information from all object detections via soft data associations. The resulting latent space representation allows our model to learn to reason about occlusions in a holistic data-driven way and maintain track estimates for objects even when they are occluded. Our experimental results on the Waymo OpenDataset suggest that our approach leverages modern large-scale datasets and performs favorably compared to the state of the art in visual multi-object tracking.
Multiple-pass pipelining: enhancing in-order microarchitectures to out-of-order performance (2005)

Out-of-program-order execution has become almost a ubiquitous characteristic of modern processors because of its ability to tolerate variable memory-instruction latency. As designs are becoming increasingly power-conscious, the cost and complexity of the components of out-of-order execution are becoming problematic. Compilers have generally proven adept at planning useful static instruction-level parallelism, but relying solely on the compiler's instruction arrangement has been shown to perform poorly when cache misses occur. This work proposes two multiple-pass pipelining “flea-flicker” microarchitectural techniques, two-pass pipelining and multipass pipelining , both of which exploit a static compiler's meticulous scheduling as well as advance execution beyond otherwise stalled instructions without the complexity of true out-of-order execution. 
With two-pass pipelining, programs execute on two in-order back-end pipelines coupled by a queue. The “advance” pipeline often defers instructions dispatching with unready operands rather than stalling. The “backup” pipeline allows concurrent resolution of instructions deferred by the first pipeline allowing overlapping of useful “advanced” execution with miss resolution. Multipass pipelining is based upon a similar concept, but overcomes the shortfalls of two-pass pipelining through simultaneous execution of architectural and advance instructions on a common pipeline in a simultaneous multithreading-like fashion. These techniques perform similarly to achievable out-of-order designs while comparing favorably in terms of power and complexity. An accompanying compiler technique and instruction marking further enhances the handling of miss latencies and reduces fruitless speculative execution by statically denoting instructions that, when stalled, indicate there is little opportunity for advanced execution.
Thermomechanical Coupling in Oscillatory Systems With Application to Journal Bearing Seizure (2009)

A method for treating the thermomechanical interaction of bodies that undergo relative oscillatory motion is developed. The approach utilizes a combination of the transfer matrix and the finite element methods. The thermomechanical coupling process between the contacting bodies involves a transient solution scheme where the frictional heat is automatically partitioned between the contacting surfaces. The coupling between thermal and mechanical interactions is treated iteratively. An application of the proposed model in the study of thermomechanical behavior of journal bearings with oscillatory motion undergoing thermally induced seizure is presented. The results of a wide range of operating parameters are presented. The significance of applied load, contact clearance, friction coefficient, oscillation parameters, convective heat transfer, and variable load direction condition in the thermally induced seizure is discussed in light of the numerical results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Indolactams by Microbial Conversion. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cross-Modal Learning via Pairwise Constraints (2014)

In multimedia applications, the text and image components in a web document form a pairwise constraint that potentially indicates the same semantic concept. This paper studies cross-modal learning via the pairwise constraint, and aims to find the common structure hidden in different modalities. We first propose a compound regularization framework to deal with the pairwise constraint, which can be used as a general platform for developing cross-modal algorithms. For unsupervised learning, we propose a cross-modal subspace clustering method to learn a common structure for different modalities. For supervised learning, to reduce the semantic gap and the outliers in pairwise constraints, we propose a cross-modal matching method based on compound ?21 regularization along with an iteratively reweighted algorithm to find the global optimum. Extensive experiments demonstrate the benefits of joint text and image modeling with semantically induced pairwise constraints, and show that the proposed cross-modal methods can further reduce the semantic gap between different modalities and improve the clustering/retrieval accuracy.
Hydrophobic (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Workspace and pivot point for robot-assisted endoscope guidance in functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) (2014)

We were able to identify a pivot point at the waistline of the segmented endoscope poses. The size of the pivot point corresponds with the diameter of the 4 mm endoscope. Because of the reduction to four degrees of freedom for endoscope motions (three rotations and one translation), easier and safer robot-assisted endoscope guidance becomes feasible.
Ambulatory Physical Activity during United States Army Basic Combat Training (2007)

Electronic pedometers were used to quantify locomotor physical activity during an entire 9-week United States Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) cycle. Pedometers were worn on the hips of 4 trainees in each of 10 BCT companies during all BCT activities. Investigators obtained pedometer readings (steps) on a daily basis, and estimated travel distances were obtained by multiplying steps by the average individual step length. A short questionnaire was administered daily to assure trainees wore the pedometers and trained with their companies all day. Trainees performed an average +/- SD of 16 311 +/- 5826 steps/day and traveled an estimated 11.7 +/- 4.4 kilometers/day. The highest daily locomotor activity was during the field training exercise in which trainees took an average +/- SD of 22 372 +/- 12 517 steps/day traveling an estimated 16.2 +/- 9.7 kilometers/day. Differences among the 10 companies ranged from 14 720 +/- 6649 steps/day to 18 729 +/- 6328 steps/day. This survey provided the first examination of locomotor physical activity during an entire BCT cycle.
Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions (2019)

The aim of this study was to generate a method for calculating heart rate variability (HRV) from electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms. The waveforms were recorded by a HR monitor that participants (youth with cerebral palsy (CP)) wore during active video game (AVG) sessions. The AVG sessions were designed to promote physical activity and fitness (aerobic performance) in participants. The goal was to evaluate the feasibility of AVGs as a physical therapy (PT) intervention strategy. The maximum HR (mHR) was determined for each participant and the Target Heart Rate Zone (THRZ) was calculated for each of three exercise phases in the 20 min AVG session: (warm-up at 40-60% mHR, conditioning at 60-80% mHR, and cool down at 40-60% mHR). Each participant played three 20 min games during the AVG session. All games were played while sitting on a bench because many youth with CP cannot stand for extended periods of time. Each game condition differed with participants using hand icons only, hand and feet icons together or feet icons only to collect objects. The objective of the game (called KOLLECT) is to collect objects to gain points and avoid hazards to not lose points. Hazards were used in the warm-up and cool down phases only to promote slower, controlled movement to maintain HR in the target heart rate zone (THRZ). There were no hazards in the conditioning phase to promote higher levels and more intense physical activity. Analytic methods were used to generate HRV (selected time-domain and frequency-domain measures) from ECG data to examine aerobic workload. Recent applications of HRV indicate that short-term measurements (5 min bouts) are appropriate and that HRV biofeedback may help improve symptoms and the quality of life in a variety of health conditions. Although HR is a well-accepted clinical measure to examine aerobic performance and intensity in PT interventions, HRV may provide information of the autonomic system functions, recovery and adaptation during AVG sessions.
A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children/adolescents and adults (2012)

The often cited prevalence of 8% could not be confirmed after excluding clinical patient populations. Accordingly, the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo ranges between 0.5 and 2%.
Antenna sensor skin for fatigue crack detection and monitoring (2011)

This paper presents a flexible low-profile antenna sensor for fatigue crack detection and monitoring. The sensor was inspired by the sense of pain in bio-systems as a protection mechanism. Because the antenna sensor does not need wiring for power supply or data transmission, it is an ideal candidate as sensing elements for the implementation of engineering sensor skins with a dense sensor distribution. Based on the principle of microstrip patch antenna, the antenna sensor is essentially an electromagnetic cavity that radiates at certain resonant frequencies. By implementing a metallic structure as the ground plane of the antenna sensor, crack development in the metallic structure due to fatigue loading can be detected from the resonant frequency shift of the antenna sensor. A monostatic microwave radar system was developed to interrogate the antenna sensor remotely. Fabrication and characterization of the antenna sensor for crack monitoring as well as the implementation of the remote interrogation system are presented.