gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved phosphate removal by selective sludge discharge in aerobic granular sludge reactors (2012)

Two lab-scale aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors were operated at 20 and 30°C and compared for phosphorus (P) removal efficiency and microbial community composition. P-removal efficiency was higher at 20°C (>90%) than at 30°C (60%) when the sludge retention time (SRT) was controlled at 30 days by removing excess sludge equally throughout the sludge bed. Samples analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated a segregation of biomass over the sludge bed: in the upper part, Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis (glycogen-accumulating organisms--GAOs) were dominant while in the bottom, Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (polyphosphate-accumulating organisms--PAOs) dominated. In order to favour PAOs over GAOs and hence improve P-removal at 30°C, the SRT was controlled by discharging biomass mainly from the top of the sludge bed (80% of the excess sludge), while bottom granules were removed in minor proportions (20% of the excess sludge). With the selective sludge removal proposed, 100% P-removal efficiency was obtained in the reactor operated at 30°C. In the meantime, the biomass in the 30°C reactor changed in color from brownish-black to white. Big white granules appeared in this system and were completely dominated by PAOs (more than 90% of the microbial population), showing relatively high ash content compared to other granules. In the reactor operated at 20°C, P-removal efficiency remained stable above 90% regardless of the sludge removal procedure for SRT control. The results obtained in this study stress the importance of sludge discharge mainly from the top as well as in minor proportions from the bottom of the sludge bed to control the SRT in order to prevent significant growth of GAOs and remove enough accumulated P from the system, particularly at high temperatures (e.g., 30°C).
CD23/CD21 interaction is required for presentation of soluble protein antigen by lymphoblastoid B cell lines to specific CD4+ T cell clones (1994)

Previous studies have documented a role for membrane-bound CD23 (the low affinity Fc epsilon RII) in presentation of alloantigens by B cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the involvement of cell surface CD23 in presentation of more conventional soluble protein antigens to T cells. We show that antibodies to CD23 and to its lymphocyte-associated second ligand, CD21, inhibit presentation of the cow's milk allergen casein, by autologous CD23+CD21+ B-EBV cell lines to casein-specific HLA-DP-restricted CD4+ T cell clones obtained from patients with either reaginic or enterophatic forms of cow's milk protein intolerance. Maximal inhibition was achieved when the antibodies were added at the initiation of the culture. The absence of specific inhibition by an anti-DR alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) argues against a steric hindrance phenomenon impeding access of the T cell receptor to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Rather, anti-CD23 and anti-CD21 mAb-induced inhibition of antigen presentation seems to affect at least partly, heterotypic conjugate formation through CD23/CD21 interaction. Double immunofluorescence labeling of the T cell clones and antibody inhibition of T/B conjugate formation shows that functional CD23 and CD21 molecules are induced on T cells following contact with B-EBV cell lines. Taken together, these data indicate that CD23/CD21 interactions between T and B cells are required for presentation of soluble protein antigens by B-EBV cell lines to specific CD4+ T cells. The potential implications of these findings for allergen-specific T cell activation are discussed.
Time‐varying failure rate simulation model of transmission lines and its application in power system risk assessment considering seasonal alternating meteorological disasters (2016)

Years of operation experience on power systems reveal that most transmission line fault events are related to seasonal alternating meteorological disasters, which have typical temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. However, power system risk assessment lacks basically accurate descriptions of failure rate time distribution for transmission lines. In this study, a method to calculate the time‐varying failure rate of transmission lines in a monthly time scale is proposed to reflect the time‐dependent fault regulation. However, the failure rate during any time interval cannot be derived directly from limited historical fault samples. Therefore, a simulation method of continuous time distribution function for failure rate is proposed, which adopts Fourier, Gaussian, and Weibull function assumptions. Furthermore, the parameters of these function hypotheses are fitted and compared using the fault samples of a province power grid and an urban power grid in China, respectively. Results show that the proposed simulation model is reasonable. Finally, the time‐varying failure rate simulation model is adopted to quantify the risk of the verified IEEE‐RBTS system. The risk indices also indicate that considering the time distribution characteristics of failure rate has a more significant influence on the system risk than the conventional methods.
Effect of Glycerol on Peripheral Nerve: An Experimental Study (1983)

Håkanson's method of treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by injecting glycerol into the trigeminal cistern is being used in a few clinical centers with encouraging results. We undertook this experimental study utilizing a rat sciatic nerve model to elucidate the mode of action of glycerol. Fifty-six rats were divided into three groups. The topical application of pure glycerol on the sciatic nerve was used in Group I. The intraneural injection of glycerol was used in Group II. The effect of graded concentrations of glycerol was studied in Group III. Physiological saline was the control in Groups I and II. The animals were killed at the end of either 1 or 3 1/2 weeks after the application of glycerol, and the sciatic nerves were examined with light and electron microscopy. Our results show that myelin disintegration and axonolysis occur with glycerol application. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are affected at random, although the most striking histological changes were seen in the myelinated fibers.
Temperature tuned noncritical phase-matching inLi 2 B 4 O 7 for generation of CW laser radiation at 244 nm (1999)

Using temperature tuning in Li2B4O7 at 90° phase-matching, efficient extracavity second harmonic generation of up to 8 mW CW laser power at 244 nm is reported.
Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that degrades <i>cis</i>-dichloroethenein the absence of aromatic inducers (2016)

Bacteria capable of degrading cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) were screened from cDCE-contaminated soil, and YKD221, a bacterial strain that exhibited a higher growth on minimal salt agar plates in the presence of cDCE than in the absence of cDCE, were isolated. Phylogenetic studies of the 16S rRNA as well as gyrB, rpoD, and recA in YKD221 indicated that this strain is closely related to the type strains of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, monteilii, and putida. An average nucleotide identity analysis indicated that YKD221 is most closely related to P. putida strains, including the type strain, which suggests that YKD221 belongs to P. putida. Although the genome of YKD221 was very similar to that of P. putida F1, a toluene-degrading strain, the YKD221 genome has 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 4 insertions compared with the F1 genome. YKD221 caused the release of sufficient chloride ions from cDCE to suggest that the strain is able to completely dechlorinate and degrade cDCE. YKD221 also degraded trichloroethene but was unable to degrade trans-dichloroethene and tetrachloroethene. The degradation activity of YKD221 was elevated after growth on toluene. Inactivation of todC1, which encodes for a large subunit of the catalytic terminal component in toluene dioxygenase, resulted in a complete loss of growth on toluene and cDCE degradation activity. This is the first evidence of the involvement of todC1C2BA-coded toluene dioxygenase in cDCE degradation. YKD221 did not appear to grow on cDCE in a minimal salt liquid medium. However, YKD221 did exhibit an enhanced increase in cell concentration and volume of cells during growth on minimal salt agar plates with cDCE when first grown in LB medium. This behavior appears to have led us to misinterpret our initial results on YKD221 as an indication of improved growth in the presence of cDCE.
Energy efficient manufacture of microfibrillated cellulose by attachment of carboxymethyl cellulose (2013)

Energy efficient manufacture of microfibrillated cellulose by attachment of carboxymethyl cellulose
On the selection of appropriate distances for gene expression data clustering (2014)

We analyze how different distances and clustering methods interact regarding their ability to cluster gene expression, i.e., microarray data. We study 15 distances along with four common clustering methods from the literature on a total of 52 gene expression microarray datasets. Distances are evaluated on a number of different scenarios including clustering of cancer tissues and genes from short time-series expression data, the two main clustering applications in gene expression. Our results support that the selection of an appropriate distance depends on the scenario in hand. Moreover, in each scenario, given the very same clustering method, significant differences in quality may arise from the selection of distinct distance measures. In fact, the selection of an appropriate distance measure can make the difference between meaningful and poor clustering outcomes, even for a suitable clustering method.
A unified wavelet-based modelling framework for non-linear system identification: the WANARX model structure (2004)

Abstract A new unified modelling framework based on the superposition of additive submodels, functional components, and wavelet decompositions is proposed for non-linear system identification. A non-linear model, which is often represented using a multivariate non-linear function, is initially decomposed into a number of functional components via the well-known analysis of variance (ANOVA) expression, which can be viewed as a special form of the NARX (non-linear autoregressive with exogenous inputs) model for representing dynamic input–output systems. By expanding each functional component using wavelet decompositions including the regular lattice frame decomposition, wavelet series and multiresolution wavelet decompositions, the multivariate non-linear model can then be converted into a linear-in-the-parameters problem, which can be solved using least-squares type methods. An efficient model structure determination approach based upon a forward orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm, which involves a stepwise orthogonalization of the regressors and a forward selection of the relevant model terms based on the error reduction ratio (ERR), is employed to solve the linear-in-the-parameters problem in the present study. The new modelling structure is referred to as a wavelet-based ANOVA decomposition of the NARX model or simply WANARX model, and can be applied to represent high-order and high dimensional non-linear systems. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge that part of this work was supported by EPSRC. We are grateful to Dr M. Balikhin for providing the magnetosphere data.
Crystal structure of cyclo(C-α-methyl-phenylalanine- proline) (S,S)/(R,S) diastereomeric mixture, C15H18N2O2 (1992)

Article Crystal structure of cyclo(C-α-methyl-phenylalanine- proline) (S,S)/(R,S) diastereomeric mixture, C15H18N2O2 was published on December 1, 1992 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 202, issue 1-4).
Figure S3 from Mutational Mechanisms That Activate Wnt Signaling and Predict Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Increased expression of SERPINE2 in human colorectal tumors of advanced stage is validated in a second dataset.&lt;/p&gt;
Composing simulation models using interface definitions based on web service descriptions (2007)

Using models in different contexts poses major integration challenges, ranging from technical to conceptual levels. Independently of each other developed model components cannot be expected to coincide in all description details, even if based on the same abstractions and assumptions. Variations in interface descriptions of model components have to be resolved. XML-based description languages from the area of web services provide standardized means for bridging diversities of implementations. This paper presents an adaption of the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) combined with XML Schema Definitions (XSD) to the specific requirements of model components in the area of discrete-event simulation. XML-based interface descriptions are integrated into a general model component architecture. Schema matching approaches provide the basis for syntactical compatibility checking of interfaces at the time of composition.
Lowering Sample Requirements to Study Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Using Phosphoproteomics with the TMT Calibrator Approach (2020)

Analysis of tyrosine kinase signaling is critical for the development of targeted cancer therapy. Currently, immunoprecipitation of phosphotyrosine (pY) peptides prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used to profile tyrosine kinase substrates. A typical protocol requests 10 mg of total protein from ≈10<sup>8</sup> cells or 50-100 mg of tissue. Large sample requirements can be cost prohibitive or not feasible for certain experiments. Sample multiplexing using chemical labeling reduces the protein amount required for each sample, and newer approaches use a material-rich reference channel as a calibrator to trigger detection and quantification for smaller samples. Here, it is demonstrated that the tandem mass tag (TMT) calibrator approach reduces the sample input for pY profiling tenfold (to ≈1 mg total protein per sample from 10<sup>7</sup> cells grown in one plate), while maintaining the depth of pY proteome sampling and the biological content of the experiment. Data are available through PRIDE (PXD019764 for label-free and PXD018952 for TMT). This strategy opens more opportunities for pY profiling of large sample cohorts and samples with limited protein quantity such as immune cells, xenograft models, and human tumors.
Data Analytics with NVLink (2017)

A recent advancement in the world of heterogeneous computing, the NVLink interconnect enables high-speed communication between GPUs and CPUs and among GPUs. In this paper we show how NVLink changes the role GPUs can play in graph, and more in general, data analytics. With the technology preceding NVLink, the processing efficiency of GPUs is limited to data sets that fit into their local memory.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Hydroaminomethylation of Alkenes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Market mechanisms for neighbourhood electricity grids: Design and agent-based evaluation (2019)

The increasing number of prosumers who both consume and produce electricity and the ongoing decentralization of the electricity system lead to the need for new market designs to allow for direct trading of electricity between neighbours. Most currently proposed mechanisms ignore the grid restrictions, which might result in an infeasible dispatch and threaten the system stability. We propose a mechanism that considers grid restrictions and finds the optimal dispatch without relying on a centralized entity such as an independent system operator to oversee the system. We compare the results of the proposed mechanism to a nodal pricing approach and evaluate the welfare distribution among market participants as well as the exposure to market power using agent-based simulation. We find that the welfare distribution does not depend on the technical specifications of the proposed bilateral pricing mechanism but on the grid topology and that the possibility to exercise market power is equally high as under nodal pricing.
Adenovirus gene transfer of SERCA in heart failure. A promising therapeutic approach ? (2001)

See article by Chossat et al. [10] (pages 288–297) in this issue. 

Abnormal and reduced contractile function is characteristic in patients suffering from heart failure. Therefore, it seems obvious that inotropic therapy could potentially be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure. However, a number of studies show short-term beneficial effects with progressive myocardial dysfunction in long-term treatment with inotropic interventions in chronic heart failure [1,2]. Inotropic interventions not only enhance contractility and cytosolic systole calcium concentration ([Ca2+]), but also potentially adversely affect diastolic [Ca2+].

Functional abnormalities commonly observed in the failing heart include a negative force frequency relationship secondary to disturbed calcium handling [3–6] characterized by increased diastolic [Ca2+], increased duration and reduced amplitude of the calcium transient and reduction of the SR calcium content [7,8]. Available evidence strongly suggests that down regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticular SR Ca-ATPase (SERCA) underlies these abnormalities possibly in combination with increased sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+-exchange activity. Consequently, therapies aiming to enhance SERCA activity might prove potentially beneficial in the treatment of heart failure.

A promising approach to this end could be adenoviral gene therapy to compensate for compromised SERCA synthesis. Indeed, one of the first studies using adenoviral gene transfer in isolated neonatal cardiac myocytes reported a successful 7.5 fold increase of total SERCA [9]. However, in similar later studies in adult normal and failing myocytes increase of SERCA was limited to maximally 1.5 to 2 fold [10–12]. Similar results were reported in transgenic animals over-expressing SERCA [12]. Over-expression of SERCA appears limited by post-transcriptional events. Although SERCA mRNA levels continuously increase with increasing viral titer, protein levels become saturated [13]. Both in healthy transgenic mice and in adenovirus treated non-failing cardiac myocytes over expression of SERCA resulted … 

* Tel.: +31-20-566-3265; fax: +31-20-697-5458 a.baartscheer{at}amc.uva.nl
Homozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1 cause a syndrome characterized by colobomatous-microphthalmia, ptosis, nephropathy and syndactyly (2019)

A failure in optic fissure fusion during development can lead to blinding malformations of the eye. Here, we report a syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, colobomatous microphthalmia, ptosis and syndactyly with or without nephropathy, associated with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1. We show that Fat1 knockout mice and zebrafish embryos homozygous for truncating fat1a mutations exhibit completely penetrant coloboma, recapitulating the most consistent developmental defect observed in affected individuals. In human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, the primary site for the fusion of optic fissure margins, FAT1 is localized at earliest cell-cell junctions, consistent with a role in facilitating optic fissure fusion during vertebrate eye development. Our findings establish FAT1 as a gene with pleiotropic effects in human, in that frameshift mutations cause a severe multi-system disorder whereas recessive missense mutations had been previously associated with isolated glomerulotubular nephropathy.
Development of low resistivity material for grounding resistance reduction (2010)

Power system is generally protected from lightning strokes by surge arresters which are provided with a low earth resistance connection to enable the large currents encountered to be effectively discharged to the general mass of earth which offers some resistance to the flow of current. This earth resistance depends on electrode arrangements and the surrounding soil resistivity. In Saudi Arabia, the soil resistivity varies in a large range because the geodetic terrain varies from sea shore to the arid desert and dry mountains. Therefore development of a suitable low resistivity material that can be used in the areas where the ground resistance is high in order to get an acceptable low value of grounding resistance is very important. Combinations of different materials that can be used for ground resistance reduction were studied by laboratory testing. The results are reported in this paper and show that considerable reduction in the grounding resistance can be achieved by use of such materials which in turn can lead to improve grounding performance.
Abstract 14351: Increased Levels of IgM Autoantibodies to Oxidation-Specific Epitopes are Inversely Associated With Coronary Heart Disease: Analyses of Data From 204,257 Participants (2015)

Background: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE) have been shown to be protective against atherosclerosis in animal models, but the data in human studies is controversial. Objectives: This study sought to determine the association between IgM autoantibodies to OSE and apolipoprotein B-100-immune complexes (apoB-IC) and risk of coronary heart disease through a Mendelian Randomization study design. Methods: IgM autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), phosphocholine-modified bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA) and IgM apoB-IC were measured in 9,830 participants (4966 first-onset cases with myocardial infarction [MI] and 4864 age and sex-matched controls) in the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS). Analyses in association with MI were conducted using logistic regression models progressively adjusted for age, sex, center, self-reported ethnicity, tobacco use, waist-to-hip ratio, history of diabetes and hypertension and LDL-C levels. Genetic analyses (GWAS and exome-chip) were also conducted using additive models. Variants associated with GWAS levels of significance were further assessed for pleiotropy and used as instruments to assess causality with CHD risk using genetic data on 63,746 CHD cases and 130,681 controls from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. Results: In PROMIS, compared to the bottom quintile, the odds ratio for MI among participants in the top quintiles of IgM MDA-LDL, IgM PC-BSA and IgM apoB-IC were: 0.62 ([95% CI. 0.55-0.70], p&lt;0.001), 0.60 ([95% CI. 0.53-0.68], p&lt;0.001) and 0.64 ([95% CI. 0.56-0.73], p&lt;0.001], respectively. Genetic analyses identified several novel variants associated with circulating IgM MDA-LDL, IgM PC-BSA and IgM apoB-IC at GWAS levels of significance. In CARDIoGRAMplusC4D variants that exclusively increased circulating IgM autoantibodies were causally associated with reduced CHD risk (P&lt;1x10-5). Conclusions: Increased levels of IgM autoantibodies to MDA-LDL and PC-BSA and IgM apoB-IC are likely causally associated with a protective effect on CHD. This inverse association supports the hypothesis of the atheroprotective role of IgM autoantibodies.