gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-wafer-processed nano-positioning XY-stages with trench-sidewall micromachining technology (2006)

For operation and manipulation with nanometric positioning precision, a single crystalline silicon micro XY-stage is developed by using double-sided bulk-micromachining technology. Front-side deep reactive ion etching combined with backside anisotropic etching constructs the high-aspect-ratio comb-driven XY-stage in a single standard silicon wafer (i.e., no silicon on insulator wafer is used). For integrating several electrostatic actuators in one silicon chip, different actuators are electrically isolated from each other using a trench-sidewall insulating technique. SiO2-refilled trench bars are formed on vertical trench sidewalls to isolate adjacent comb-drive elements. Combined with the reverse-biased p–n junction along the boron-diffused trench sidewall for comb driving, individual actuators can be operated independently. The developed XY-stage of 1600 × 1600 µm2 is suspended by four sets of folded-beam and bending-flexure composite springs. To maximize the moving distance, a two-segment comb finger with a gently curved transition is used for both improving the actuation efficiency and avoiding side instability of the stage. The experimental results verify the stage design including the gentle transition of a two-segment comb-drive scheme. Under 23 V driving voltage, a 10 µm moving stroke is measured in each of the four directions. Compared with a conventional comb structure, the two-segment comb fingers contribute 70% improvement in actuating amplitude. The positioning precision of the stage is evaluated with a nano-mechanical indenting experiment. A scanning probe microscopy probe with an electrical-heated nano tip is put in contact with the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate film that is coated on the stage surface. Along with the movement of the stage, pulsed heating on the nano tip produces serial nano-pitches. With the nano-indenting experiment, better than 18 nm positioning precision is obtained for the XY-stage.
Testicular cancer from diagnosis to epigenetic factors (2017)

Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most common neoplasms that occurs in male and includes germ cell tumors (GCT), sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors and secondary testicular tumors. Diagnosis of TC involves the evaluation of serum tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, but clinically several types of immunohistochemical markers are more useful and more sensitive in GCT, but not in teratoma. These new biomarkers are genes expressed in primordial germ cells/gonocytes and embryonic pluripotency-related cells but not in normal adult germ cells and they include PLAP, OCT3/4 (POU5F1), NANOG, SOX2, REX1, AP-2γ (TFAP2C) and LIN28. Gene expression in GCT is regulated, at least in part, by DNA and histone modifications, and the epigenetic profile of these tumours is characterised by genome-wide demethylation. There are different epigenetic modifications in TG-subtypes that reflect the normal developmental switch in primordial germ cells from an under- to normally methylated genome. The main purpose of this review is to illustrate the findings of recent investigations in the classification of male genital organs, the discoveries in the use of prognostic and diagnostic markers and the epigenetic aberrations mainly affecting the patterns of DNA methylation/histone modifications of genes (especially tumor suppressors) and microRNAs (miRNAs).
Assembly of Highly Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Using an Electro-Fluidic Assembly Process (2018)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising building blocks for emerging wearable electronics and sensors due to their outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. However, the practical applications of the CNTs face challenges of efficiently and precisely placing them at the desired location with controlled orientation and density. Here, we introduce an electro-fluidic assembly process to assemble highly aligned and densely packed CNTs selectively on a substrate with patterned wetted areas at a high rate. An electric field is applied during the electro-fluidic assembly process, which drives the CNTs close to the patterned regions and shortens the assembly time. Meanwhile, the electric field orientates the CNTs perpendicular to the substrate and anchors one end of the CNTs onto the substrate. When pulling the substrate out of the CNT suspension, the capillary force at the air-water-substrate interface stretches the free end of the CNTs and aligns the CNTs along the pulling direction. By adjusting two governing parameters, the direct current voltage and the pulling speed, we have demonstrated well aligned CNTs assembled in patterns with widths from 1 to 100 μm and lengths from 20 to 120 μm at a rate 20 times higher than a fluidic assembly process. The aligned CNTs show improved electrical conductivity compared with the random networks and prove possibility for strain detection. Precise and reproducible control of the orientation and the placement of the CNTs opens up their practical application in the next-generation electronics and sensors.
Comparison of alternative frameworks for directional primitive extraction (2007)

This paper describes and compares three alternative computational frameworks for the extraction of the directional primitives present in an image. These frameworks are based on Gabor decomposition, Sobel filtering, and filtering through the first derivative of a Gaussian filter, respectively. They are divided into two stages: low-level primitive extraction and organization of low-level primitives by means of dynamical neural networks. These alternative frameworks are compared and their relative advantages and disadvantages are outlined.
Frequency-Targetable Aerofoil Self-Noise Reduction (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2229.vid This paper presents an experimental study to investigate a novel, yet simple trailing edge treatment to enable aerofoil self-noise reduction with frequency-tuning capability based on the acoustical interference mechanism. Using a structurally-rigid slit trailing edge where the edges become parallel to the mean flow direction, it can facilitate a phase-cancellation of the acoustical pressure waves between two scattering sources located at the slit root and tip. By forcing the condition of the acoustical destructive interference to establish the Strouhal number as 0.5, 1.5 and so on, one could fine-tune the peak frequency for the maximum noise reduction when the distance between the root and tip of the slit trailing edge, and the convection velocity of the turbulent eddies over the slit surfaces, are known. Similarly, at Strouhal number of 1.0, 2.0 and so on, the slit trailing edge can also trigger a constructive acoustical interference mechanism whereby it can radiate more efficiently than that of a baseline, straight trailing edge. Therefore, for a given slit trailing edge configuration, the radiated spectrum will feature an oscillatory characteristics reflecting to the noise reduction and noise increase across the entire frequency. A slit trailing edge with small slit amplitude is found to be quieter than a serrated trailing edge with the same amplitude. The slit trailing edge therefore represents an ideal passive control device for the reduction of aerofoil turbulent broadband self-noise because it is quieter, which remains so at high inflow velocity. Most importantly, a slit trailing edge has a frequency-tuning capability that is not found in a serrated trailing edge.
Genetics of type 1 diabetes: recent progress and future perspectives (2009)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic immune-mediated disease, characterised by a selective loss of insulin-producing -cells in the pancreatic islets. Susceptibility is determined by interactions of multiple genes with unknown environmental factors. Around 50% of the genetic risk of the disease is explained by HLA, although other genes with a smaller effect are also involved. Most of the known risk genes for T1D play a role in immunity, mostly through T-cell regulation (CTLA4, PTPN22, IL-2RA) and cytokine production or modulation (VDR, SUMO4) . The insulin gene (INS) represents and exception to this, and is probably the only gene specifi cally associated with T1D and not with other autoimmune diseases. Ongoing genome-wide association studies are providing evidence of multiple known and previously unknown risk genes. New analytical tools are continuously being developed to handle the vast amounts of data produced, as well as to account for multiple comparisons and assess combined effects such as gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In this review, we will give an overview of the most important genes identifi ed to date, analyse the genetic evidence supporting them as T1D susceptibility genes and discuss the mechanisms mediating their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Green glycosylation promoted by reusable biomass carbonaceous solid acid: an easy access to β-stereoselective terpene galactosides (2011)

An efficient green protocol has been developed for the atom economic glycosylation of unprotected, unactivated glycosyl donors and glycosylation of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates with the aid of reusable eco-friendly biomass carbonaceous solid acid as catalyst.
Sesquiterpenes Inhibiting the Microglial Activation from Laurus nobilis (2014)

The inhibitory reagents to inhibit the activation of microglial cells may be potentially useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The leaves of the plant Laurus nobilis belonging to the family Lauraceae, namely, bay leaves, have been used as a popular spice, and their extract showed moderate inhibition on microglial activation. A further phytochemical investigation of the leaves led to the isolation of two new (1, 2) and eight known (3-10) sesquiterpenes. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, and NOESY) spectroscopic data analyses and Chem3D modeling. The following biological studies disclosed that these isolated compounds showed inhibitory activities on LPS-induced microglial activation. The results of our phytochemical investigation, including two new sesquiterpenes (1 and 2) and the first report of two compounds (3 and 4) from this species, further revealed the chemical composition of bay leaves as a popular spice, and the biological studies implied that bay leaves, containing bioactive substances with the inhibition of microglial activation, were potentially beneficial to human health.
Chemotherapy for Elderly Ovarian Cancer Patients (2016)

Our findings illustrate that elderly women are able to tolerate standard chemotherapy with relatively few significant adverse effects. While different treatment modalities in ovarian cancer are continually being evaluated, additional prospective studies are required to better understand the tolerability and efficacy of such treatment in the elderly population.
Optimization of monomethoxy‐polyethylene glycol grafting on the pancreatic islet capsules (2002)

As a new approach to islet transplantation, biocompatible monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) was chemically grafted onto the pancreatic islet capsule. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for completely covering the islet by the mPEG while maintaining a high viability of islets according to the reaction time and the repeating number of the reaction. By grafting the fluorescein-PEG instead of mPEG, we determined the optimal mPEG grafting time as 1 h, during which time the procedure did not reduce islet viability. Insulin secretion from islets where the mPEG was grafted on for 3 times was similar to that of control islets. Moreover, the mPEG-grafted islets rapidly responded to the changes in the glucose concentration in the same pattern as did control islets. These results showed that mPEG grafting did not damage the function of islets. In conclusion, when the mPEG grafting was performed for 1 h and repeated twice with 1-day culture between each mPEG-grafting step, the mPEG completely covered the islet capsules without any damage to the viability and function of the islets. The main advantage of mPEG grafting on the islet capsule is that it can protect the islet against the host's immune system without increasing the islet size so that it can be administered into the portal vein by the catheter.
Relations entre descriptions probabiliste et continue du comportement mécanique de composites à matrice fragile (1998)

International audience
Down-Regulation of HLA Class I Antigen is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Our data demonstrate that down-regulation of HLA class I on tumor cells is an independent prognostic factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This finding suggests that HLA class I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes have an important role in the suppression of renal cell carcinoma.
Supplementary Methods from MicroRNA <i>MIR21</i> (miR-21) and PTGS2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Assessment of aspirin use and statistical analysis to assess an interaction of tumor &lt;i&gt;MIR21&lt;/i&gt; expression level and regular aspirin use after diagnosis in survival analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Dessalement par procédés membranaires économes en énergie (2016)

International audience
Yield prediction using critical area analysis with inline defect data (2003)

This paper presents methodologies for using critical area analysis with inline defect data to predict random defect limited yield and for partitioning yield losses by process step. The procedure involves (1) calculating critical areas, (2) modeling defect size distributions, and (3) combining critical area information and defect size distributions to estimate yield loss. We introduce a method to model defect size distribution from inline defect data. We develop two yield prediction methods that can overcome the difficulties caused by the inaccuracies in determining defect size when using laser scatterometry detection. We compare the predicted yield with the actual yield and show that the two are in good agreement.
Energy Band Alignment and Redox‐Active Sites in Metalloporphyrin‐Spaced Metal‐Catechol Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction (2021)

Abstract Two new chemically stable metalloporphyrin‐bridged metal‐catechol frameworks, InTCP‐Co and FeTCP‐Co, were constructed to achieve artificial photosynthesis without additional sacrificial agents and photosensitizers. The CO 2 photoreduction rate over FeTCP‐Co considerably exceeds that obtained over InTCP‐Co, and the incorporation of uncoordinated hydroxyl groups, associated with catechol, into the network further promotes the photocatalytic activity. The iron‐oxo coordination chain assists energy band alignment and provides a redox‐active site, and the uncoordinated hydroxyl group contributes to the visible‐light absorptance, charge‐carrier transfer, and CO 2 ‐scaffold affinity. With a formic acid selectivity of 97.8 %, FeTCP‐OH‐Co affords CO 2 photoconversion with a reaction rate 4.3 and 15.7 times higher than those of FeTCP‐ Co and InTCP‐Co, respectively. These findings are also consistent with the spectroscopic study and DFT calculation.
Identification of Potential Novel Interacting Partners for Coagulation Factor XIII B (FXIII-B) Subunit, a Protein Associated with a Rare Bleeding Disorder (2019)

Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma-circulating heterotetrameric pro-transglutaminase complex that is composed of two catalytic FXIII-A and two protective/regulatory FXIII-B subunits. FXIII acts by forming covalent cross-links within a preformed fibrin clots to prevent its premature fibrinolysis. The FXIII-A subunit is known to have pleiotropic roles outside coagulation, but the FXIII-B subunit is a relatively unexplored entity, both structurally as well as functionally. Its discovered roles so far are limited to that of the carrier/regulatory protein of its partner FXIII-A subunit. In the present study, we have explored the co-presence of protein excipients in commercial FXIII plasma concentrate FibrogamminP by combination of protein purification and mass spectrometry-based verification. Complement factor H was one of the co-excipients observed in this analysis. This was followed by performing pull down assays from plasma in order to detect the putative novel interacting partners for the FXIII-B subunit. Complement system proteins, like complement C3 and complement C1q, were amongst the proteins that were pulled down. The only protein that was observed in both experimental set ups was alpha-2-macroglobulin, which might therefore be a putative interacting partner of the FXIII/FXIII-B subunit. Future functional investigations will be needed to understand the physiological significance of this association.
Supplemental data Figure 1 from Preclinical Characterization of SGN-70, a Humanized Antibody Directed against CD70 (2023)

Supplemental data Figure 1 from Preclinical Characterization of SGN-70, a Humanized Antibody Directed against CD70
D-STATCOM With Positive-Sequence Admittance and Negative-Sequence Conductance to Mitigate Voltage Fluctuations in High-Level Penetration of Distributed-Generation Systems (2011)

Voltage fluctuations resulting from variable output power of renewable energy sources are strictly challenging power quality in distributed-generation systems. This paper presents a control method for distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) to alleviate variation of both positive- and negative-sequence voltages. The D-STATCOM simultaneously operates as fundamental positive-sequence admittance and fundamental negative-sequence conductance to restore the positive-sequence voltage to the nominal value as well as reduce the negative-sequence voltage to an allowable level. Both admittance and conductance are dynamically tuned to improve voltage-regulation performances in response to load changes and power variation of renewable sources. A proportional-resonant current regulator with selectively harmonic compensation is realized to control the fundamental current of the D-STATCOM as well as reduce the harmonic current, which could be an advantage in practical applications due to high voltage distortion in low-voltage microgrids. Voltage-regulation performances are discussed for different D-STATCOM locations as well as different D-STATCOM currents. Computer simulations and laboratory tests validate effectiveness.
Rituximab: complementary mechanisms of action (2003)

Approximately 200 000 patients have been treated with rituximab, yet the debate over the relative importance of various potential mechanisms of action for this antibody continues. In this issue, Cragg and colleagues (page [1045][1]) report on complement-mediated cytotoxicity induced by various
Monocyte procoagulant inducing factor: a lymphokine involved in the T cell-instructed monocyte procoagulant response to antigen. (1986)

A T cell-derived lymphokine couples the recognition of alloantigens by human T inducer cells to monocyte effector procoagulant activity (PCA). This collaborative cellular response results in expression of the functional tissue factor gene product and initiation of the extrinsic coagulation protease cascade as an inflammatory sequelae to the immune response. We now provide initial characterization of this lymphokine, provide evidence that it is a unique lymphokine, and designate it as monocyte procoagulant inducing factor (MPIF). MPIF was produced by alloantigen-stimulated, nylon wool-purified T cells and was not diminished by irradiation. MPIF active supernatants induced PCA in isolated monocytes, and the effect was not modified by the presence of T cells with the responding monocytes, consistent with a direct effect on the monocyte effector cells rather than an indirect effect via an intermediate accessory T cell. Full expression of PCA by monocytes was complete within 4 to 6 hours. MPIF activity in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) supernatants (MLC-SN) was stable at pH 2.0 for 24 hr, but was diminished after exposure to pH 10.5 for 30 min. MPIF activity was stable at 56 degrees C but was labile at 63 degrees C or higher. When characterized by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 superfine at either pH 7.2 or 3.6, the activity was recovered in a major discrete peak of about 55,000 daltons, and minor peaks of activity at about 14,000 and greater than 150,000 daltons. There was no correlation between the presence or concentration of INF-gamma, INF-alpha, IL 1, IL 2, GM-CSF, CSF-1, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta (lymphotoxin), or migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with MPIF activity. Each of the previously defined cytokines was analyzed directly for MPIF activity. INF-gamma, INF-alpha, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and CSF-1 did not possess MPIF activity over a wide range of concentrations. IL 1 and IL 2 lacked activity at concentrations present in MLC medium positive for MPIF; however, at higher concentrations each demonstrated slight activity. There was a poor correlation between MPIF and MIF activities in MLC-SN, and the content of MIF was insufficient to account for the expressed level of MPIF activity. The lack of identity of these cytokines with MPIF was supported by selected MLC medium that lacked IL 1, IL 2, and MIF and yet contained high MPIF activity. MPIF was additionally distinguished from IL 1, IL 2, and MIF on the basis of separation in Sephadex G-100 superfine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fibrinolytics: current indications and treatment modalities in the absence of mechanical reperfusion (2008)

Fibrinolytic therapy and reperfusion Acute MI is generally caused by rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, triggering the formation of an occlusive coronary thrombus. Coronary artery occlusion sets off a wave front of myocardial necrosis spreading from endocardium to epicardium, with an inverse relation between the time to perfusion and the ultimate size and extent of transmurality of the infarct. To rescue myocardial muscle at risk from undergoing necrosis, rapid restoration of coronary blood flow is essential. In the absence of access to immediate primary PCI, clot lysis can be achieved by activating the endogenous fibrinolyticsystem using plasminogen-activating agents. These agents convert plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades fibrin, a major constituent of clots ( Figure 19.1 ).
Time Series Data Query Language TPQL for Anomaly Detection in Facility (2013)

In facility management for plants and buildings, needs of facility diagnosis for saving energy or facility management cost by analyzing time series data from sensors of equipments in facilities have been increasing. In this paper, we propose a relation-based query language TPQL (Trend Pattern Query Language) for expressing constraints in time series data for anomaly detection in facilities and implemented an anomaly detection system based on TPQL. The features of TPQL are the following. (1) TPQL introduces a convolution operator into SQL (Structured Query Language) in order to describe contextual anomaly conditions over window sequences such as duration constraint and hunting constraint. (2) TPQL introduces time-interval based join into SQL in order to join time series data with different sampling rates. The anomaly detection system consists of a TPQL-interpreter as a top-level engine, relational database as an SQL engine, a key-value store database as a large data storage and configure management information to represent target signals for diagnosis and threshold values for anomaly detection. We evaluate that the system has enough expression ability to describe domain dependent anomaly detection conditions with TPQL over sliding windows and the sufficient processing speed required by the real applications.