gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems and Expectancy in Lithium Battery Technologies (2013)

This chapter begins by discussing a strategy for energy conversion using rechargeable batteries as energy storage devices. It illustrates the energy density of rechargeable batteries that are used in a variety of human activities. Electric vehicles require batteries of varying energy densities. For mobile use, current lithium-ion batteries are not powerful enough, due to their higher energy consumption, and so require development of improved rechargeable batteries. Many types of materials are used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. To realize the high performance of these batteries, each material should be optimized. In addition, the process of preparation of a composite electrode has to be controlled. The electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries does not depend only on the properties of materials, but also on the battery production process. Research on both battery materials and processes must be continued to realize batteries of high energy and high power density.
Persistent molecular microchimerism induces long‐term tolerance towards a clinically relevant respiratory allergen (2012)

Low levels of persistent molecular chimerism are sufficient to induce long-term tolerance in IgE-mediated allergy. These results suggest that it will be possible to develop minimally toxic conditioning regimens sufficient for low level engraftment of genetically modified bone marrow.
A STUDY OF THE RIDING MECHANICS OF ELITE CYCLISTS (1983)

Lafortune, Mario A.; Cavanagh, Peter K. FACSM; Valiant, Gordon A.; Burke, Edmund R. Author Information
Removal of Ochratoxin A from Contaminated Red Wines by Repassage over Grape Pomaces (2009)

Ochratoxin A contamination of red wines might be quite severe in certain high-risk regions and vintages, thus requiring corrective measures to fulfill acceptable standards for human consumption. This work proposes an innovative and environmentally friendly corrective measure to reduce ochratoxin A levels by repassage of contaminated musts or wines over grape pomaces having no or little ochratoxin A contamination. Grape pomaces have a high affinity for ochratoxin A and have been shown to remove ochratoxin A from must and wine during vinification. Time course experiments showed that ochratoxin A adsorption by pomaces is a rapid process, reaching equilibrium in less than 10 h, and is not affected by the tested toxin concentrations. Repassage of wine from Primitivo grapes spiked with 2-10 microg/kg ochratoxin A over pomaces obtained from the same grapes removed up to 65% ochratoxin A within 24 h. Similar results (50-65% ochratoxin A reduction) were obtained with Primitivo or Negroamaro wines repassed over pomaces from different grape varieties including white grapes (Malvasia, Greco di Tufo) and red grapes (Sangiovese, Aglianico). Grape pomaces maintained a good efficacy in removing ochratoxin A after being reused four times. Unlike other enological fining agents, the use of grape pomaces to adsorb ochratoxin A from red wines of the same grape variety (Primitivo) did not affect relevant wine quality parameters, including color intensity and health-promoting phenolic content (trans-resveratrol, quercetin, total polyphenols). These quality parameters were instead positively or negatively affected when contaminated wines were repassed over grape pomaces from other grape varieties, the effect being related to the intrinsic characteristics of the pomace variety. The proposed decontamination procedure can be applied in a modern winery provided that contaminated grapes are identified early and processed separately from uncontaminated grapes.
Data sources and consolidation methods for creating, improving and maintaining navigation databases (1993)

The author explores the data requirements of a navigable database; the sources of data and collection strategies required to construct an accurate, reliable database; and the means and methods used to insure that the resulting database meets the standard of accuracy, completeness, and currentness required for vehicle navigation now and in the future. Specific topics include the components of a high quality database; typical sources of data; source acquisition and evaluation standards; database quality assurance and continual database maintenance.
Uric acid: role in cardiovascular disease and effects of losartan (2004)

A substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that serum uric acid is an important, independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease especially in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or diabetes. Elevated serum uric acid is highly predictive of mortality in patients with heart failure or coronary artery disease and of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Further, patients with hypertension and hyperuricemia have a 3- to 5-fold increased risk of experiencing coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease compared with patients with normal uric acid levels. Although the mechanisms by which uric acid may play a pathogenetic role in cardiovascular disease is unclear, hyperuricemia is associated with deleterious effects on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative metabolism, platelet adhesiveness, hemorheology, and aggregation. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol) or a variety of uricosuric agents (e.g., probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone, and benziodarone) can lower elevated uric acid levels but it is unknown whether these agents reversibly impact cardiovascular outcomes. However, the findings of the recent LIFE study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy suggest the possibility that a treatment-induced decrease in serum uric acid may indeed attenuate cardiovascular risk. LIFE showed that approximately 29% (14% to 107%, p = 0.004) of the treatment benefit of a losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy on the primary composite endpoint (death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) may be ascribed to differences in achieved serum uric acid levels. Overall, serum uric acid may be a powerful tool to help stratify risk for cardiovascular disease. At the very least, it should be carefully considered when evaluating overall cardiovascular risk.
Rotor Bar Fault Monitoring Method Based on Analysis of Air-Gap Torques of Induction Motors (2013)

A robust method to monitor the operating conditions of induction motors is presented. This method utilizes the data analysis of the air-gap torque profile in conjunction with a Bayesian classifier to determine the operating condition of an induction motor as either healthy or faulty. This method is trained offline with datasets generated either from an induction motor modeled by a time-stepping finite-element (TSFE) method or experimental data. This method can effectively monitor the operating conditions of induction motors that are different in frame/class, ratings, or design from the motor used in the training stage. Such differences can include the level of load torque and operating frequency. This is due to a novel air-gap torque normalization method introduced here, which leads to a motor fault classification process independent of these parameters and with no need for prior information about the motor being monitored. The experimental results given in this paper validate the robustness and efficacy of this method. Additionally, this method relies exclusively on data analysis of motor terminal operating voltages and currents, without relying on complex motor modeling or internal performance parameters not readily available.
Altitude profiles of lower thermospheric temperature from RAIDS/NIRS and TIMED/SABER remote sensing experiments (2013)

Thermospheric temperatures derived from limb observations of the O 2 A‐Band (0,0) emission spectrum obtained from January–July 2010, with the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) aboard the International Space Station, are compared to temperature results from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment. To account for a lack of simultaneous common volume observations, the observed temperatures were scaled by the NRLMSIS‐00 model temperatures for comparison. It was found that on average SABER, temperatures are warmer than NIRS at all altitudes between 90 and 140 km. In the altitude range 90–100 km, the SABER temperatures were warmer than NIRS by ~10 K consistent with previous validation experiments and in agreement with Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) O 2 A‐band comparisons in the polar mesopause region. At higher altitudes, the differences between SABER and NIRS exceed 30 K on average. Thus, the NIRS observations reinforce the idea that the SABER temperatures are too warm below ~110 km; and above that altitude, they are increasingly in error consistent with expectations based on estimated inaccuracies in the retrieval algorithm. Large standard deviations of the SABER and NIRS ratios are reflective of substantial variability of the thermospheric temperatures throughout the region.
Efficient Public Key Encryption With Equality Test Supporting Flexible Authorization (2014)

We reformalize and recast the notion of public key encryption with equality test (PKEET), which was proposed in CT-RSA 2010 and supports to check whether two ciphertexts encrypted under different public keys contain the same message. PKEET has many interesting applications, for example, in constructing searchable encryption and partitioning encrypted data. However, the original PKEET scheme lacks an authorization mechanism for a user to control the comparison of its ciphertexts with others’. In this paper, we study the authorization mechanism for PKEET, and propose four types of authorization policies to enhance the privacy of users’ data. We give the definitions of the policies, propose a PKEET scheme supporting these four types of authorization at the same time, and prove its security based on the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. To the best of our knowledge, it is the only PKEET scheme supporting flexible authorization.
Short cut to 1,2,3-triazole-based p38 MAP kinase inhibitorsvia [3+2]-cycloaddition chemistry (2008)

A series of 4,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles was synthesised viaCu(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar [2+3]-cycloaddition reactions followed by a Suzuki coupling. The 1,2,3-triazoles were evaluated as inhibitors of the p38α MAP kinase, showing IC50 values in the high nanomolar range.
Road - landslide interaction: Applications (2014)

The most reliable approach to the long-term displacement and stability analysis of the large creeping landslides is based on the back-calculation (inverse analysis) of soil parameters from observed displacements and measured earth and water pressures in the sliding layer. In addition to the conventional geodetic measurements, it is suggested to monitor the deformations of a road intersecting a landslide using a novel fiberoptics strain measurement technology. This could serve a double purpose: to monitor the health of the road structure and to provide a unique data for the inverse analysis of the landslide stability and displacements. A novel Inclino-Deformometer (IDM) will allow for the first time to measure reliably the earth pressures in the sliding layer contributing more unique data for the inverse analysis. Novel approach to chemical treatment of clayey soils will help to increase the soil permeability allowing for improved drainage in the sliding layer. Novel approach to biological treatment of soil will help to remediate effects of the chemicals on the environment and to increase the shear strength of soil due to the biomineralization. Results of the research will be used for prediction of the road and landslide behavior and for planning of the stabilization measures. Die zuverlassigste Art der Voraussage von Verschiebungen und Langzeitstabilitat grosser Kriechhange beruht auf der Ruckrechnung von Bodenparametern, die mit Hilfe von geodatischen Messungen, so wie Erd- und Wasserdruck Messungen in der kriechenden Schicht bestimmt werden. Zusatzlich zu den konventionellen geodatischen Messungen wird vorgeschlagen, die Verschiebungen in einer den Kriechhang durchschneidenden Strasse mit Hilfe von Dehnungen in einem Glasfaserkabel zu messen. Dies kann auf zwei Arten dienlich sein: Einerseits kann die Gebrauchstauglichkeit der Strasse uberwacht und andererseits konnen die Verschiebungen zur Berechnung der Hangstabilitat und der Hangverschiebungen genutzt werden. Ein neuartiges Gerat, Inclino-Deformometer (IDM), soll eine zuverlassige Erddruckmessung der sich bewegenden Schicht erlauben. Dessen Messungen sollen ebenfalls in die Ruckrechnung mit einfliessen. Mit einem neuen Verfahren zur chemischen Behandlung von Tonen kann die Durchlassigkeit erhoht werden, was zu einer „flexiblen“ Drainage des Hanges fuhrt. Des Weiteren soll eine neuartige Behandlung von Boden mit Bakterien auf der einen Seite die allfalligen chemischen Ruckstande, die bei der chemischen Behandlung ubrig geblieben sind, abbauen und auf der anderen Seite durch eine Art Zementierung die Scherfestigkeit der rutschenden Schicht erhohen. Die aus dieser Forschung gewonnenen Resultate dienen zur Voraussage des Verhaltens von Strassen und Rutschungen und sollen anschliessend fur die Planung von Stabilisierungsmassnahmen herangezogen werden.
A statistical analysis of the reliability and classification error in application of the mutagen sensitivity assay. (1996)

In vitro mutagen hypersensitivity, determined with the bleomycin assay, has been found to be an independent risk factor for developing primary upper aerodigestive tract cancers, lung cancers, and second malignant tumors. The average number of chromatid breaks per cell (b/c) is derived from evaluating an arbitrarily set number of metaphases (usually 50) in each sample. The reliability of such an approach is of key importance in large-scale epidemiological studies. Because evaluating metaphases is a time-consuming task, it is desirable to know the minimum number of readings needed to reach an acceptable reliability. Statistical analyses were performed in 160 observations for which b/c values were determined by the same observer scoring 100 consecutive metaphases per sample. The b/c values were between 0.14 and 1.30 (mean, 0.61). The b/c values were separately calculated for the first and second sets of 50 metaphases. There was essentially no difference in the mean b/c values between the first and second 50 readings (difference, -0.002). The correlation between the two sets of readings was 0.72. The SE of the b/c values, based on scoring 50 metaphases, was 0.15. When scoring 100 metaphases, the SE decreased to 0.11. After evaluating the first 50 metaphases, the theoretical gain in reducing the SE was <1% with each additional reading. When 0.8 was used to dichotomize the mean b/c value into bleomycin-resistant or bleomycin-hypersensitive groups, sensitivity and specificity of reading 50 metaphases were above 75% and 95% when compared to 100 readings. A simulated case control study showed that there is a 15% attenuation in estimating the odds ratio with 50 readings. The findings suggest that the conventional method of reading 50 metaphases can yield an acceptable reliability in our setting and may be applied to other cancer epidemiology studies.
Searches for rare $ {B}_s^0 $ and B$^{0}$ decays into four muons (2021)

Searches for rare $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ decays into four muons are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\text{fb}^{-1}$. Direct decays and decays via light scalar and $J/\psi$ resonances are considered. No evidence for the six decays searched for is found and upper limits at the 95% confidence level on their branching fractions ranging between $1.8\times10^{-10}$ and $2.6\times10^{-9}$ are set.
Targeted deletion of a 170-kb cluster of LINE-1 repeats and implications for regional control (2018)

Approximately half the mammalian genome is composed of repetitive sequences, and accumulating evidence suggests that some may have an impact on genome function. Here, we characterized a large array class of repeats of long-interspersed elements (LINE-1). Although widely distributed in mammals, locations of such arrays are species specific. Using targeted deletion, we asked whether a 170-kb LINE-1 array located at a mouse imprinted domain might function as a modulator of local transcriptional control. The LINE-1 array is lamina associated in differentiated ES cells consistent with its AT-richness, and although imprinting occurs both proximally and distally to the array, active LINE-1 transcripts within the tract are biallelically expressed. Upon deletion of the array, no perturbation of imprinting was observed, and abnormal phenotypes were not detected in maternal or paternal heterozygous or homozygous mutant mice. The array does not shield nonimprinted genes in the vicinity from local imprinting control. Reduced neural expression of protein-coding genes observed upon paternal transmission of the deletion is likely due to the removal of a brain-specific enhancer embedded within the LINE array. Our findings suggest that presence of a 170-kb LINE-1 array reflects the tolerance of the site for repeat insertion rather than an important genomic function in normal development.
Balancing the Stability–Activity Trade‐Off by Fine‐Tuning Dehalogenase Access Tunnels (2015)

Abstract A variant of the haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA with greatly enhanced stability and tolerance of organic solvents but reduced activity was created by mutating four residues in the access tunnel. To create a stabilised enzyme with superior catalytic activity, two of the four originally modified residues were randomised. The resulting mutant F 176 G exhibited 32‐ and 10‐times enhanced activity towards 1,2‐dibromoethane in buffer and 40 % DMSO, respectively, upon retaining high stability. Structural and molecular dynamics analyses demonstrated that the new variant exhibited superior activity because the F 176 G mutation increased the radius of the tunnel’s mouth and the mobility of α‐helices lining the tunnel. The new variant’s tunnel was open in 48 % of trajectories, compared to 58 % for the wild‐type, but only 0.02 % for the original four‐point variant. Delicate balance between activity and stability of enzymes can be manipulated by fine‐tuning the diameter and dynamics of their access tunnels.
ANKRD26 is a new regulator of type I cytokine receptor signaling in normal and pathological hematopoiesis (2022)

ABSTRACT Sustained ANKRD26 expression associated with germline ANKRD26 mutations causes Thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2), an inherited platelet disorder associated with leukemia predisposition. Some of those patients present also erythrocytosis and/or leukocytosis. Using multiple human-relevant in vitro models (cell lines, primary patient cells and patient-derived iPSCs) we demonstrate for the first time that ANKRD26 is expressed during the early steps of erythroid, megakaryocyte and granulocyte differentiation, and is necessary for progenitor proliferation. As differentiation progresses, ANKRD26 expression is progressively silenced, to complete the cellular maturation of the three myeloid lineages. In primary cells, abnormal ANKRD26 expression in committed progenitors directly impacts the proliferation/differentiation balance for these three cell types. We show that ANKRD26 interacts with and crucially modulates the activity of MPL, EPOR and G-CSFR, three homodimeric type I cytokine receptors that regulate blood cell production. Higher than normal levels of ANKRD26 prevent the receptor internalization, which leads to increased signaling and cytokine hypersensitivity. Altogether these findings show that ANKRD26 overexpression or the absence of its silencing during differentiation are responsible for myeloid blood cell abnormalities in THC2 patients.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Spherical Aggregated Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured for Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knee Joints (2018)

The findings demonstrate a simple strategy for enhancing the potency of stem cells required for restoration of osteochondral defects. Furthermore, this strategy may be implemented with other types of stem/progenitor cell-based therapies.
A Trans Acting Ribozyme that Phosphorylates Exogenous RNA (2005)

The structural complexity required for substrate recognition within an active site constrains the evolution of novel catalytic functions. To evaluate those constraints within populations of incipient ribozymes, we performed a selection for kinase ribozymes under conditions that allowed competition for phosphorylation at nine candidate sites. Two candidate sites are the hydroxyl groups on a "quasi-diffusible" chloramphenicol (Cam) moiety tethered to the evolving library through an inert, flexible linker. A subtractive step was included to allow only seven ribose 2' hydroxyls to compete with the two Cam hydroxyls for phosphorylation. After the library was incubated with gamma-thio-ATP (ATPgammaS), active species were recovered from a polyacrylamide gel containing [(N-acryloylamino)phenyl] mercury (APM) and amplified for further cycles of selection. Activity assays on selected isolates and truncated derivatives identified the essential secondary structure of the dominant RNA motif. Phosphorylation was independent of the Cam moiety, indicating ribose 2' phosphorylation. The dominant motif was separated into catalytic "ribozyme" and "substrate" strands. Partial alkaline digestion of the substrate strand before and after phosphorylation identified the precise modification site as the first purine (R) within the required sequence 5'-RAAAANCG-3'. The reaction shows approximately 10-fold preference for ATPgammaS over ATP and is independent of pH over a wide range (5.5-8.9), consistent with a dissociative reaction mechanism that is rate-limited by formation of a metaphosphate transition state. Divalent metal ions are required, with a slight preference of Mn(2+) > Mg(2+) > Ca(2+). Lack of reactivity in [Co(NH(3))(6)](3+) indicates a requirement for inner sphere contact with the metal ion, either for structural stabilization, catalysis, or both.