gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Renin-Aldosterone and Renal Prostaglandin E during Volume Expansion Induced by Immersion in Normal Man (1980)

The relationship of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone axis with renal prostaglandin E is complex. Although studies have suggested that these two hormonal systems respond to experimental manipulations in a parallel manner, their interdependence has not been assessed fully during volume expansion. Since studies have demonstrated that in normal man the central hypervolaemia induced by water immersion to the neck produces a prompt and profound suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration without concomitant alteration of plasma composition, immersion afforded a unique opportunity to assess simultaneously the effects of central hypervolaemia on plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and prostaglandin E excretion. 2. Seven normal subjects were studied twice while in balance on a diet containing 10 mmol of sodium/day, 100 mmol of potassium/day: with indomethacin administration (50 mg given every 6 h for five doses) and without indomethacin. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was measured hourly and plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration at 30 min intervals. 3. Immersion was associated with a marked suppression of plasma renin activity (59 +/- 7%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (55 +/- 3%) with a return to pre-study values during the recovery hour. Concomitantly, urinary prostaglandin E excretion increased from 4.7 to a peak of 10.9 ng/min. Although administration of indomethacin lowered the basal rate of urinary prostaglandin E excretion and plasma renin activity, it did not prevent the subsequent augmentation of urinary prostaglandin E or the suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone during the subsequent 4 h of immersion. 4. These results demonstrate a dissociation of renin--aldosterone and prostaglandin E during hypervolaemia and suggest that whereas prostaglandin E may constitute one of the major determinants of renin release clinically and experimentally, these two hormonal systems can be dissociated from each other in response to central volume expansion in man.
Experience with an implantable glucose sensor as a prerequisite of an artificial beta cell. (1984)

A modification of a Clark-type glucose electrode which proved suitable for implantation and for connection to a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system is presented. It involves a third hydrophilic or perforated hydrophobic membrane and is based upon measurement of the H2O2 generated by the glucose oxidase reaction. The linear calibration range is greater than 40 mmol/l glucose concentration with a tau 95 of 360 or 600 s, respectively (different sandwich prototypes). There is reliable glucose-dependent sensor output up to a 15 mmol/l concentration when the pO2 is as low as 2 to 5 kPa as monitored in subcutaneous tissue. One prototype series of the sensor was employed for paracorporal (ex vivo) glucose monitoring in undiluted blood and for insulin infusions in diabetic dogs, which were feedback-controlled by the sensor's output. Another prototype was designed and applied for subcutaneous implantation. Tissue glucose concentration amounts to 30 to 50% of the simultaneously measured blood plasma glucose level which is mirrored in a total lag time (i.e. tau 95 of sensor and physiological delay in interstitial fluid) of 15-20 min. The glucose sensor presented provides a transient step towards a long-term functioning implantable instrument.
Oxygen Reduction Catalysis at a Dicobalt Center: The Relationship of Faradaic Efficiency to Overpotential (2016)

The selective four electron, four proton, electrochemical reduction of O2 to H2O in the presence of a strong acid (TFA) is catalyzed at a dicobalt center. The faradaic efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is furnished from a systematic electrochemical study by using rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) methods over a wide potential range. We derive a thermodynamic cycle that gives access to the standard potential of O2 reduction to H2O in organic solvents, taking into account the presence of an exogenous proton donor. The difference in ORR selectivity for H2O vs H2O2 depends on the thermodynamic standard potential as dictated by the pKa of the proton donor. The model is general and rationalizes the faradaic efficiencies reported for many ORR catalytic systems.
(Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio dependence of the dielectric properties for (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering (1994)

(Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films were prepared by ion beam sputtering from powder targets with (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios ranging from 0.80 to 1.50. All of the perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO3 films were single phase except for the film with a (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio of 1.41. The dielectric constant values notably depended on the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio for films thicker than 70 nm. The highest dielectric constant of 580 was achieved for the 5% (Ba+Sr) rich film. This (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio dependence was diminished by the thickness dependence for thinner films. The grain sizes for the 9% (Ba+Sr) rich film and for the 6% (Ba+Sr) poor film ranged from 70 to 100 nm and from 30 to 60 nm, respectively. This grain size difference could explain why slightly A-site rich (Ba,Sr)TiO3 films have a larger dielectric constant than A-site poor films.
Design principles for practical self-routing nonblocking switching networks with O(N·log N) bit-complexity (1997)

Principles for designing practical self-routing nonblocking N/spl times/N circuit-switched connection networks with optimal /spl theta/(N/spl middot/log N) hardware at the bit-level of complexity are described. The overall principles behind the architecture can be described as "Expand-Route-Contract". A self-routing nonblocking network with w-bit wide datapaths can be achieved by expanding the datapaths to w+z independent bit-serial connections, routing these connections through self-routing networks with blocking, and by contracting the data at the output and recovering the w-bit wide datapaths. For an appropriate redundancy z, the blocking probability can be made arbitrarily small and the fault tolerance arbitrarily high. By using efficient space domain concentrators, the architecture yields self-routing nonblocking switching networks with an optimal O(N/spl middot/log N) bits of memory or O(N/spl middot/log N/spl middot/log log log N) logic gates. By using a linear-cost time domain concentrator, the architecture yields self-routing nonblocking switching networks with an optimal /spl theta/(N/spl middot/log N) bits of memory or logic gates. These designs meet Shannon's lower bound on memory requirements, established in the 1950s. The number of stages of crossbars can match the theoretical minimum, which has not been achieved by previous self-routing networks. The architecture is feasible with existing electrical or optical technologies. The designs of electrical and optical switch cores with Terabits of bisection bandwidth for Networks-of-Workstations (NOWs) are described.
Investigation of coherent acoustic phonons in terahertz quantum cascade laser structures using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy (2012)

The dynamics of acoustic vibrations in terahertz quantum cascade laser structures (THz-QCLs) is studied by means of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. The phonon modes are characterized by the folding of the acoustic dispersion into an effective reduced Brillouin zone. An accurate identification of this dispersion allows the sample structure and periodicity to be determined with high precision on the order of 0.1%. By temperature tuning the energy of the electronic levels of the system and performing wavelength dependent measurements, we are able to study the impulsive resonant generation and detection of coherent acoustic phonon modes. These results are supported by simulations of the electronic system that well explain the experimental observations. The effects of interface (IF) roughness on coherent acoustic phonon spectra are clearly observed for equal nominal THz-QCL structures but with different interface qualities.
Modeling of rod-pinch-diode performance at 2 to 4 MV (2003)

Summary form only given. The rod-pinch diode has been scaled up successfully to 2 to 4 MV in experiments on the ASTERIX generator. Well-behaved impedance is achieved for anode-cathode (A-K) gaps /spl ges/ 3.75 mm at 2.7-MV peak voltage and /spl ges/ 6.5 mm at 4-MV peak voltage. Shots with smaller A-K gaps exhibit rapidly decreasing impedance. The electrical behavior of the diode is analyzed with the rod-pinch-diode model. This model generates a current waveform by combining the space-charge-limited (SCL) current and the critical current, evaluated using the measured diode voltage. The model includes several physical parameters to account for anode and cathode plasma expansion, as well as the generation of ion current. The model current is fit to the measured diode current by adjusting these parameters. The model current reproduces the shape and magnitude of the measured current for shots with well-behaved impedance (shots with sufficiently large A-K gap) using physically reasonable values of the model parameters. These parameters are consistent with values determined in previous analyses of rod-pinch shots at 1 to 2 MV on the Gamble II and TriMeV generators. The analysis indicates that the rod-pinch diode on ASTERIX transitions from SCL to critical current early in the pulse. With the large currents in this experiment (55 to 135 kA), the ion current turns on very early in the pulse (3 to 8 ns). The fits are most sensitive to the /spl alpha/-factor in the critical-current formula and to the anode expansion velocity v/sub A/. Values of the /spl alpha/-factor and v/sub A/ are consistent with the values obtained in the previous analyses at 1 to 2 MV.
Emerging roles of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in lung cancer progression and metastasis (2016)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lung cancer risk factors, including smoking and exposure to environmental carcinogens, have been linked to chronic inflammation. An integral feature of inflammation is the activation, expansion and infiltration of diverse immune cell types, including CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Within this T cell subset are immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells that act in a fine balance to regulate appropriate adaptive immune responses.In the context of lung cancer, evidence suggests that Tregs promote metastasis and metastatic tumor foci development. Additionally, Th17 cells have been shown to be an integral component of the inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment, and potentially involved in promoting distinct lung tumor phenotypes. Studies have shown that the composition of Tregs and Th17 cells are altered in the tumor microenvironment, and that these two CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets play active roles in promoting lung cancer progression and metastasis.We review current knowledge on the influence of Treg and Th17 cells on lung cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential biological and clinical implications of the balance among Treg/Th17 cells in the context of the lung tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential prognostic function and relationship to metastasis in lung cancer.
Cause specification of performance curve instability in mixed-flow pump by LES (2016)

A technique for high-accuracy predicting performance curve instability in pumps and clarification of the phenomenon in order to control the instability is required for designing high performance pumps. We analyzed internal flow of a test mixed-flow pump by using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and clarified that Euler's head drop caused by stall near the tip of impeller blade is a dominant factor of this test pump's instability. We looked carefully at internal flow of impeller before and after the head drop, and also in the middle of the head drop. When the Euler's head drops, recirculation on the leading edge of the tip of impeller blade extends towards trailing edge. Angular momentum between tip and mid span decreases, and angular momentum near the tip is high. Work drop of the impeller on the side of leading edge caused by the stall on leading edge exceeds angular momentum increment caused by decreasing in flow rate on trailing edge, and so the angular momentum on the trailing edge drops. At that situation, the impeller blade load on the tip side shows state of stall. And, the stall fields occurred on the trailing edge cover whole impeller blade passages near the tip. When the head is in the middle of drop, only some impeller blade passages are covered with the stall fields.
On fast transmission topology control heuristics (2011)

The standard optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes generation costs over one study period assuming a fixed system topology. The prospect of a smart grid incorporating extensive cyber capabilities enabling significant progress in economic efficiency, reliability and environmental sustainability, ought to transform the OPF problem accordingly. This paper discusses the inclusion of tractable dynamic transmission topology control in the OPF problem based on heuristic control policies derived from individual transmission “line profit” criteria. Simulations on the IEEE 118-bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the heuristic policies in reducing production costs. As the algorithm's requisite information to identify promising candidate elements for switching is standard output of the OPF solution, the computational effort is up to four orders of magnitude better than dynamic transmission topology control performance reported in the literature.
Growth stress distribution in leaning trunks of Cryptomeria japonica (2001)

The distribution of growth stresses in leaning trunks of Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don was determined by measuring the stresses released by the kerf method with strain gauges glued at specified positions along the trunks. Effects of both tree height and peripheral positions on the surface of leaning trunks on surface growth stress were determined. The inner residual growth strains in leaning trunks were also measured. We found high compression stresses in the lower side of leaning trunks that differed greatly from the tensile stresses in normal erect trunks. However, transverse compression stress was found around the tree trunk in both normal and compression wood. In leaning trees, the distribution of internal stresses in the bent trunk portion differed from that in the erect trunk portion, being compressive on the outside and tensile on the inside. The resistant moment introduced by compression stress generated in compression wood is released by the bending of the leaning trunk. The bending stresses are then superimposed on the original internal growth stress. We demonstrated that Poisson's effect of longitudinal stresses should be considered when evaluating transverse surface growth stresses. The existence and intensity of compression wood development can be assessed by growth stress measurements. We conclude that the compressing force of compression wood functions physiologically to give an upward righting response in a leaning trunk.
Mitochondrial hexokinase of rat hepatoma cells in culture: solubilization and kinetic properties (1980)

The highly glucolytic hepatoma cell line H-91 is characterized by a high hexokinase activity to rat liver; 50% of this activity is associated with the mitochondrial fraction [Bustamante, E., & Pederson, P.L. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3735--3739]. Treatment of mitochondria from this cell line with adenosine 5'=triphosphate (ATP) or glucose 6-phosphate solubilizes bound hexokinase activity. Solubilization of the enzyme by ATP results in a six- to sevenfold purification. Free ATP, unchelated by Mg ions, induces the release of the enzyme from the membrane, whereas the MgATP complex is ineffective. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) fails to release mitochondrial hexokinase indicating that the enzyme is not attached to the membrane by divalent cations. Energization of mitochondria is not required for ATP to induce solubilization of bound hexokinase. This is evidenced by (a) the ability of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue adenylyl imidodiphosphate to solubilize the enzyme, (b) the inability of uncouplers and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation to either solubilize or prevent the release of mitochondrial hexokinase, and (c) the inability of atractyloside to solubilize or prevent the release of bound hexokinase. The bound and the ATP-solubilized forms of mitochondrial hexokinase from H-91 hepatoma cells are kinetically different. When membrane bound, the enzyme has a significantly higher apparent affinity (Km = 0.25 mM) for its substrate MgATP than when solubilized (Km = 1.2 mM). Free ATP acts as a competitive inhibitor of mitochondrial hexokinase. Both the membrane-bound and the solubilized forms of mitochondrial hexokinase have about the same apparent affinity for glucose (Km = 56 and 83 microM, respectively). The experiments reported here provide the first description of the properties and the nature of binding of mitochondrial hexokinase from a tumor cell line growing in tissue culture.
A Low Complexity-High Throughput QC-LDPC Encoder (2014)

This paper introduces hardware architectures for encoding Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) codes. The proposed encoders are based on appropriate factorization and subsequent compression of involved matrices by means of a novel technique, which exploits features of recursively-constructed QC-LDPC codes. The particular approach derives to linear encoding time complexity and requires a constant number of clock cycles for the computation of parity bits for all the constructed codes of various lengths that stem from a common base matrix. The proposed architectures are flexible, as they are parameterized and can support multiple code rates and codes of different lengths simply by appropriate initialization of memories and determination of data bus widths. Implementation results show that the proposed encoding technique is more efficient for some LDPC codes than previously proposed solutions. Both serial and parallel architectures are proposed. Hardware instantiations of the proposed serial encoders demonstrate high throughput with low area complexity for code words of many thousand bits, achieving area reduction compared to prior art. Furthermore, parallelization is shown to efficiently support multi-Gbps solutions at the cost of moderate area increase. The proposed encoders are shown to outperform the current state-of-the-art in terms of throughput-area-ratio and area-time complexity by 10 to up to 80 times for codes of comparable error-correction strength.
Lactoferrin-Hexon Interactions Mediate CAR-Independent Adenovirus Infection of Human Respiratory Cells (2020)

Virus entry into host cells is a complex process that is largely regulated by access to specific cellular receptors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and many other viruses use cell adhesion molecules such as the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to and entry into target cells. These molecules are rarely expressed on the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, which raises the question of how adenoviruses-and other viruses that engage cell adhesion molecules-enter polarized cells from the apical side to initiate infection. We have previously shown that species C HAdVs utilize lactoferrin-a common innate immune component secreted to respiratory mucosa-for infection via unknown mechanisms. Using a series of biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we mapped this effect to the proteolytically cleavable, positively charged, N-terminal 49 residues of human lactoferrin (hLF) known as human lactoferricin (hLfcin). Lactoferricin (Lfcin) binds to the hexon protein on the viral capsid and anchors the virus to an unknown receptor structure of target cells, resulting in infection. These findings suggest that HAdVs use distinct cell entry mechanisms at different stages of infection. To initiate infection, entry is likely to occur at the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, largely by means of hLF and hLfcin bridging HAdV capsids via hexons to as-yet-unknown receptors; when infection is established, progeny virions released from the basolateral side enter neighboring cells by means of hLF/hLfcin and CAR in parallel.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell-apical or lateral/basolateral-is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors.
Impaired 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone elimination in patients with kidney disease: implication for cytochrome P450 2E1 pharmacogenetic studies (2003)

Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 activity, as estimated by 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone formation clearance, was not affected by kidney disease, the chlorzoxazone metabolic ratio was substantially elevated in these subjects. The results of this study show that the commonly used plasma-based chlorzoxazone metabolic ratio is dependent on renal function and, therefore, does not provide a reliable index of CYP2E1-mediated metabolism.
Electron transport in high power impulse magnetron sputtering at low and high working gas pressure (2021)

The magnetic field of a magnetron serves to increase the residence time of electrons in the ionization region and thereby enables the discharge to be sustained at low working gas pressures. This hinders the electrons to reach the anode which is necessary to close the electrical circuit. At high atom densities in the ionization region, and in the presence of an electric field, collisions of electrons with heavy species consecutively push electrons across the magnetic field lines, which is known as the classical cross-field transport mechanism. At low atom densities in the ionization region, collisions are rare and the classical cross-field transport mechanism is insufficient to carry the discharge current. This gives rise to plasma instabilities, called spokes, that locally provide pathways for electrons to escape from the near-target region and across the magnetic field lines. Here, we show experimentally, for the case of a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge with an aluminum target, how spokes gradually disappear with the increase in local gas density. We present an analytical model that shows that under these high gas density conditions, the classical electron transport mechanism is indeed strong enough to solely carry the discharge current. This highlights the importance of the local gas density in the ionization region for the intensity of spokes in a magnetron sputtering discharge and suggests ways for process optimization.
Distinct quasiperiodic modes with like symmetry in a rotating fluid (1991)

We use Floquet theory, fully resolved numerical simulation, and laboratory experiment to study two quasiperiodic modes in the Couette-Taylor system which have the same symmetry but different spatial structure. Although each mode has been observed in previous experiments, their coexistence in the same region of parameter space is a new numerical prediction. Because they have the same symmetry, the modes are strongly coupled, which results in chaotic behavior.