gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum Rate of Crystallization and Morphology of Random Propylene Ethylene Copolymers as a Function of Comonomer Content up to 21 mol % (2007)

We report a study of the primary chain microstructure, crystallization kinetics, and crystalline morphologies of propylene ethylene copolymers (PE) synthesized with metallocene catalysts in a range of ethylene up to 21 mol %. A 13C NMR triad distribution analysis lends support for a random distribution of the comonomer in the complete series. Melting (Tm) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures decrease with increasing ethylene more rapidly than the decrease of the glass transition temperature (Tg). Consequently, for ethylene >10 mol % the crystallization is observed at Tcs relatively close to Tg allowing to observe experimentally the maximum of the crystallization rate. In the low Tc range, segmental dynamics play a prominent role in developing the semicrystalline structure, and the crystallization rate decreases dramatically with increasing molar mass. For a fixed molar mass and undercooling, the strong decrease of the crystallization rate with increasing ethylene, especially for copolymers with >10 mol %, correlates with analogous depletion of crystallizable sequences. A similar trend is predicted for the stereo defect. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the rates following nucleation and growth theory led to values ofcomparable to those obtained from equilibrium relations. PEs develop γ phase in the complete range of ethylene studied. However, the γ phase is not found at Tc < Tmax (rate maximum), indicating that in addition to short crystallizable sequences, considerable molecular diffusion is required to form this polymorph. As Tc approaches Tg, the effects of nucleation and segmental transport on crystallization affect the lamellar morphologies. Numerous short rodlike lamellae are formed at Tc close to Tg, while sheaflike lamellar structures similar to those found in propylene 1-hexenes (PH) of matched comonomer content (>10 mol %) develop at the highest Tcs, yet in PEs a different crystalline unit cell is not found. The ability to propagate long crystalline lamellae by PEs and PHs copolymers as a consequence of the accommodation of a high content of comonomer in the crystalline lattice is discussed.
Broad-spectrum synthesis of enantiomerically pure lactones. 1. Synthesis of sex pheromones of the carpenter bee, rove beetle, Japanese beetle, black-tailed deer, and Oriental hornet (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBroad-spectrum synthesis of enantiomerically pure lactones. 1. Synthesis of sex pheromones of the carpenter bee, rove beetle, Japanese beetle, black-tailed deer, and Oriental hornetWilliam H. Pirkle and Paul E. AdamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 13, 2169–2175Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01327a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (905 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antigen-specific human T lymphocyte clones: mechanisms of inhibition of proliferative responses by xenoantiserum to human nonpolymorphic HLA-DR antigens. (1982)

We studied the effects of xenoantiserum to human nonpolymorphic Ia-like antigens upon in vitro antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses in unfractionated PBL populations and at the monoclonal level. Our findings suggest that the xenoantiserum, although it inhibits the antigen-specific response of unfractionated PBL and allospecific T cell clones, does not inhibit the proliferative response to cloned influenza virus immune human T lymphocytes, and therefore may be mediating inhibition by dual mechanisms: direct inhibition of alloantigen recognition and induction of nonspecific suppression. Kinetic differences may explain these phenomena. In cocultivation experiments with a virus-specific clone, the RaIa antiserum appears to induce an OKT3+,8+,4-, radiosensitive regulatory subset of lymphocytes. When adoptively transferred, these induced cells inhibit the TLC response in an antigen-nonspecific and genetically nonrestricted manner. We discuss the various modes and levels of inhibition of antigen-specific proliferation by anti-Ia antisera and their multiple activities.
Estilos docentes de los profesores universitarios. La percepción de los alumnos de los buenos profesores (2010)

Evaluamos los estilos de docencia y evaluación de 323 profesores universitarios mediante el cuestionario CEMEDEPU. Usando análisis jerárquico de conglomerados encontramos cuatro estilos de docencia y evaluación: el primero, centrado en el aprendizaje, constructivista, y con habilidades docentes y de evaluación; el segundo, más centrado en la enseñanza que en el aprendizaje –tradicional-, y con habilidades de docencia y evaluación menores que en el primero; el tercero, centrado en el aprendizaje y con menos habilidades de docencia y evaluación que el primer grupo; y el cuarto, más tradicional que el segundo y con menos habilidades docentes y de evaluación que aquél. Posteriormente, entrevistamos a 50 estudiantes de los mismos profesores, para precisar las características del buen profesor desde su perspectiva. Según los estudiantes, el buen profesor es el que ayuda a establecer relaciones entre los conceptos, fomenta el aprendizaje significativo, es motivador, conecta la teoría con la práctica, fomenta la participación, utiliza metodologías variadas y complementarias, en función de las necesidades, usa el método socrático construyendo el conocimiento junto con sus alumnos y reduce la lección magistral a lo imprescindible. También proporciona a los estudiantes materiales adecuados, apuntes de calidad, etc. Utiliza procedimientos de evaluación formativa y continua y exige razonamiento y aprendizaje significativo. Sus alumnos conocen los criterios y procedimientos de evaluación, que es flexible y justa. Este perfil de buen profesor coincide en lo sustancial con el de los profesores del primer grupo, centrado en el aprendizaje y con habilidades docentes.
On-orbit solar radiometric calibration of the Hyperion instrument (2002)

The end-to-end calibration plan for the Hyperion EO-1 hyperspectral payload is presented. The ground calibration is traceable to a set of three high quantum efficiency p-n silicon photodiode trap detectors the responsivities of which are traceable absolutely to solid state silicon diode physical laws. An independent crosscheck of the radiance of the Calibration Panel Assembly used to flood the Hyperion instrument in field and aperture was made with a transfer radiometer developed at TRW. On-orbit measurements of the sun's irradiance as it illuminates a painted panel inside the instrument cover are compared to the radiance scale developed during pre-flight calibration. In addition, an on-orbit calibration lamp source is observed to trace the pre-flight calibration constants determined on the ground to the solar calibration determination.
Neural net robot controller: structure and stability proofs (2002)

A multilayer neural net (NN) controller for a general serial-link robot arm is developed. The structure of the NN controller is derived using a filtered error/passivity approach. No learning phase is needed. It is argued that standard backpropagation tuning, when used for real-time closed-loop control, can yield unbounded NN weights if: (1) the net cannot exactly reconstruct a certain required nonlinear control function, (2) there are bounded unknown disturbances in the robot dynamics, or (3) the robot arm has more than one link (i.e. nonlinear case). Novel online weight tuning algorithms given here include correction terms to backpropagation, plus an added robustifying signal, and guarantee tracking as well as bounded weights. Notions of NN passivity are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-Resolution Group III Nitride Microdisplays (2011)

Abstract : Full-scale self-emissive displays based on gallium nitride micro-size LEDs may be suitable for ultra-portable products such as next-generation handheld projectors.
Graphlet Kernels for Prediction of Functional Residues in Protein Structures (2010)

We introduce a novel graph-based kernel method for annotating functional residues in protein structures. A structure is first modeled as a protein contact graph, where nodes correspond to residues and edges connect spatially neighboring residues. Each vertex in the graph is then represented as a vector of counts of labeled non-isomorphic subgraphs (graphlets), centered on the vertex of interest. A similarity measure between two vertices is expressed as the inner product of their respective count vectors and is used in a supervised learning framework to classify protein residues. We evaluated our method on two function prediction problems: identification of catalytic residues in proteins, which is a well-studied problem suitable for benchmarking, and a much less explored problem of predicting phosphorylation sites in protein structures. The performance of the graphlet kernel approach was then compared against two alternative methods, a sequence-based predictor and our implementation of the FEATURE framework. On both tasks, the graphlet kernel performed favorably; however, the margin of difference was considerably higher on the problem of phosphorylation site prediction. While there is data that phosphorylation sites are preferentially positioned in intrinsically disordered regions, we provide evidence that for the sites that are located in structured regions, neither the surface accessibility alone nor the averaged measures calculated from the residue microenvironments utilized by FEATURE were sufficient to achieve high accuracy. The key benefit of the graphlet representation is its ability to capture neighborhood similarities in protein structures via enumerating the patterns of local connectivity in the corresponding labeled graphs.
10MHz current mode 4 switch buck boost converter (4SBBC) for polar modulation (2008)

This paper presents a transistor level design of a current mode 4 switch buck boost converter (4SBBC) for polar modulation. The reference signal of this 4SBBC is the envelope signal of EDGE (Enhancement Data-rate for GSM Evolution) standard which has more than 200kHz bandwidth. In order for output voltage to follow this fast varying reference signal, this 4SBBC uses current mode control with 10MHz fixed switching frequency which demands high bandwidth circuit design. This paper will show how to design the high speed current sensor and oscillator well operating with 10MHz switching frequency. The current sensor exhibits rail to rail input and output range, and active feed back scheme makes it work well in 10MHz switching frequency range. The oscillator generates 2 sawtooth signals which have precise and stable 180 degree phase shift each other by using common mode feedback scheme. The transistor level simulation shows this 4SBBC converter has more than 80% average efficiency with real EDGE envelope reference and is capable of wide input, output voltage range which is suitable for EDGE polar modulation.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Low-Finesse Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors (2006)

In this dissertation, detailed and systematic theoretical and experimental study of low-finesse extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) fiber optic sensors together with their signal processing methods for white-light systems are presented. The work aims to provide a better understanding of the operational principle of EFPI fiber optic sensors, and is use-ful and important in the design, optimization, fabrication and application of single mode fiber(SMF) EFPI (SMF-EFPI) and multimode fiber (MMF) EFPI (MMF-EFPI) sensor sys-tems. The cases for SMF-EFPI and MMF-EFPI sensors are separately considered. In the analysis of SMF-EFPI sensors, the light transmitted in the fiber is approximated by a Gaussian beam and the obtained spectral transfer function of the sensors includes an extra phase shift due to the light coupling in the fiber end-face. This extra phase shift has not been addressed by previous researchers and is of great importance for high accuracy and high resolution signal processing of white-light SMF-EFPI systems. Fringe visibility degradation due to gap-length increase and sensor imperfections is studied. The results indicate that the fringe visibility of a SMF-EFPI sensor is relatively insensitive to the gap-length change and sensor imperfections.
CCR5 Antagonists as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. 1. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5-Oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Derivatives (2004)

A novel lead compound, N-(3-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]propyl)-1-methyl-5-oxo-N-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (1), was identified as a CCR5 antagonist by high-throughput screening using [(125)I]RANTES and CCR5-expressing CHO cells. The IC(50) value of 1 was 1.9 microM. In an effort to improve the binding affinity of 1, a series of 5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamides was synthesized. Introduction of 3,4-dichloro substituents to the central phenyl ring (10i, IC(50)=0.057 microM; 11b, IC(50)=0.050 microM) or replacing the 1-methyl group of the 5-oxopyrrolidine moiety with a 1-benzyl group (12e, IC(50)=0.038 microM) was found to be effective for improving CCR5 affinity. Compound 10i, 11b, and 12e also inhibited CCR5-using HIV-1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion with IC(50) values of 0.44, 0.19, and 0.49 microM, respectively.
<title>High-speed fiber channel switching fabric services</title> (1992)

The ever increasing speeds in data computation and communication have created a need for channel and interconnecting architectures with performance well beyond current capabilities. The services required for fast and efficient data transfer among high performance computing and peripheral devices are provided by the fiber channel compliant interconnection scheme, termed `fabric.' In addition to these services, this paper describes the services offered by the fabric to provide `concurrent data availability,' to the interconnected devices, required by some applications. The structure of the `distributed' fabric to provide services based on an inexpensive interconnection scheme is also reviewed.
WB6 - DF-CO2transfer laser development (1975)

Power extraction and chemiluminescence experiments have been conducted in the large-scale DF-CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> transfer chemical laser (TCL) (IRIS-I and IRIS-II) facility at Bell Aerospace Company (BAC). The modular design of the device allowed testing to be conducted with both a supersonic nozzle bank and also in subsonic flow with sonic injection for the deuterium. Power levels of 15 kW at 10.6 μ were obtained in IRIS-I (subsonic) employing an unstable resonator with a 50-percent output coupling ratio and cavity pressure of 35 torr. For IRIS-II (supersonic) somewhat lower power was obtained. In both systems the fluorine dissociation (α = F/F + 2F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) was less than 0.01. Chemi-luminescent emission from HF and DF was monitored under zero-power conditions along an axis parallel to the laser-mirror axis. From the measured DF-concentration profiles it can be inferred that vibrationally excited DF is being produced throughout the cavity and, accordingly, the production of DF must be attributed largely to the chain reaction.
Impacts of Particle Size and Pressure on Reactivity of Boron Oxidation (2013)

Thermogravimetric measurements were conducted on the oxidation of boron particles to elucidate the influence of particle size and pressure on the reaction process and mechanism. The experimental results showed that the initial temperature increased slightly as the particle size of boron powder increased and increased greatly as the total ambient pressure decreased. The boron oxide covering on the surface of the boron particles had a significant effect on the reactivity of the boron powder. For the particles in the studied size range, the reaction efficiency showed an incremental trend as the particle size increased. High pressure could decrease the reaction efficiency greatly because the evaporation rate of boron oxide would slow down as the ambient pressure increased. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of partial pressure on the reaction efficiency was not only related to the total ambient pressure but also to the mole fraction. Both a higher mole fraction and smaller ambient pressure were favorable for oxidation efficiency. The experimental results also revealed that boron particles with a smaller size or at high pressure had relatively low effective activation energy.
Trans‐selektive Dihydroborierung eines cis‐Diborens durch Insertion: Synthese eines linearen sp3‐sp2‐sp3‐Triborans und anschließende Kationisierung (2019)

Abstract Die Reaktion zwischen Aryl‐ und Amino(dihydro)boranen und Dibora[2]ferrocenophan 1 führt zur Bildung von 1,3‐ trans ‐Dihydrotriboranen durch formale Hydrierung und Insertion eines Borylens in die B=B Doppelbindung. Die Aryltriboran‐Derivate unterliegen einer reversiblen Photoisomerisierung zugunsten eines cis ‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐Hydrotriborans, während eine Hydridabstraktion zu kationischen Triboranen führt, welche die ersten doppelt basenstabilisierten B 3 H 4 + ‐Analoga darstellen.
Radial Basis Function Neural Network Nonlinear Equalizer for 16-QAM Coherent Optical OFDM (2016)

We propose a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-based nonlinear equalizer (NLE) for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. The hidden layer neuron weights of the RBFNN-NLE are calculated using the K-means clustering algorithm and the output layer weights are updated using the least mean square algorithm. With only 3% overhead in training, the proposed RBFNN-NLE was found to provide up to 4-dB performance improvement in terms of Q-factor for 70-Gb/s 16-QAM CO-OFDM transmission over 1000 km (10 × 100 km) fiber. Numerical results show that the operating data rate is 80 Gb/s at Q = 6.25 dB with the proposed RBFNN-NLE, compared with previously reported value of 70 Gb/s with artificial neural network-based NLE.
Synthesis, p38 Kinase Inhibitory and Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives (2012)

P38 mitogen activated protein kinases have been found to involve in the production and release of unwarranted levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-1β in numerous inflammatory diseases. A new series of molecules, 5-substituted benzoylamino-2-substituted phenylbezimidazoles has been synthesized from 4-nitro-1, 2- diaminobenzene. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass. The final compounds were screened for in vitro p38 kinase inhibitory and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Three compounds from the series demonstrated nearly 50% inhibition of p38 kinase in the in vitro screening method at 10 M concentration and two molecules exhibited greater than 75% inhibition of paw oedema volume during the first hour. The docking study of synthesized molecule revealed a new binding pose in ATP binding pocket. Keywords: p38 kinase inhibitors, benzimidazoles, anti-inflammatory activity
Mining Complaints to Improve a Product (2016)

The rapidly growing availability of user reviews has become an important resource for companies to detect customer dissatisfaction from textual opinions. Much research in opinion mining focuses on extracting customers' opinions from products' reviews and predicting their sentiment orientation or ratings with the aim of helping other users to make a decision on whether to buy a product. However, there have been few recent studies conducted on business-related opinion tasks to extract more refined opinions about a product's quality problems or technical failures. The focus of this study is the extraction of problem phrases, mentioned in user reviews about products. We explore main opinion mining tasks to determine whether given text from reviews contains a mention of a problem. We formulate research questions and propose knowledge-based methods and probabilistic models to classify users' phrases and extract latent problem indicators, aspects and related sentiments from online reviews.
Kinetic Control (Of Product Composition) (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
The Funny Thing About Incongruity: A Computational Model of Humor in Puns. (2013)

Researchers showed the robot ten puns, hoping that one of them would make it laugh. Unfortunately, no pun in ten did. What makes something funny? Humor theorists posit that incongruity—perceiving a situation from different viewpoints and finding the resulting interpretations to be incompatible— contributes to sensations of mirth. In this paper, we use a com-putational model of sentence comprehension to formalize in-congruity and test its relationship to humor in puns. By com-bining a noisy channel model of language comprehension and standard information theoretic measures, we derive two dimen-sions of incongruity—ambiguity of meaning and distinctive-ness of viewpoints—and use them to predict humans ’ judg-ments of funniness. Results showed that both ambiguity and distinctiveness are significant predictors of humor. Addition-ally, our model automatically identifies specific features of a pun that make it amusing. We thus show how a probabilistic model of sentence comprehension can help explain essential features of the complex phenomenon of linguistic humor.
Digital measuring techniques and evaluation processes (2008)

After the description of the main characteristics of digital measuring systems in comparison to analogue measuring systems the most difficult type of voltages to be measured in high voltage tests, the lightning and switching impulse voltage, will be used to show the important parameters of digital measuring systems and its consequence concerning uncertainty and reproducibility. Examples of using digital measuring technique in the field of impulse tests on transformers and partial discharge measurements will be shown. Digital measuring systems includes today the evaluation software and the latest status of the requirements on software defined by standardisation organisation will be reported.