gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemosensory aerosol assessment of key attributes for tobacco products (2020)

Abstract Human sensory evaluation plays an important role in assessing quality and supports commercial product development in many industries. However, sensory evaluation of tobacco products often requires highly trained specialists, is thus expensive, time‐consuming with low throughput capacity. To overcome such limitations, analytical platforms based on chemical fingerprints were proposed and evaluated in this work based on two different tobacco matrices. Using cigarette smoke as an example, the method was capable of predicting sensory attributes through chemical fingerprinting key tobacco and cigarette mainstream aerosol compositions. To achieve this, tobacco samples (comprising flue‐cured Virginia and air‐cured Burley types) and cigarette mainstream smoke samples were evaluated using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical fingerprint of each sample matrix was related to its respective reference sensory attributes, validated by highly trained panellists, to create predictive models based on partial least squares algorithm. These methodologies were further validated through a blind test with suitable prediction of all sensory attributes for single grade tobacco leaf and commercial blended cigarette smoke. The proposed methodology demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, repeatability and robustness, with prediction errors less than 20% for single grade tobaccos, and less than 11% for commercial products. When compared with human sensory evaluation, it significantly improved analytical capacity (over 100 samples per day) at comparable or improved accuracy. This method could be applied to evaluate other novel tobacco products such as heated tobacco products.
Differenzierte elektrophysiologische Frühdiagnostik distaler Neuropathien durch Ableitung somatosensorisch evozierter Potentiale (SEP) nach elektrischer Stimulation von distalen sensiblen Nerven und Stimulation von Mechanorezeptoren (2013)

Einleitung Bei distal-symmetrischen Neuropathien zeigt die etablierte Neurophysiologie diskrepant zur klinischen Einschätzung oftmals einen Normalbefund – insbesondere im frühen Verlauf, bei weit distal beginnenden sensiblen Gradienten oder selektiver Affektion einzelner sensibler Qualitäten, z.B. der Vibrationsempfindung. Die Nn. plantaris medialis et lateralis sowie der N. peronaeus profundus sind prinzipiell sensibel neurographisch messbar, die Methodik stößt jedoch aufgrund untersuchungspraktischer Aspekte und mit zunehmendem Alter früh abfallender Potentialamplitude an deutliche Grenzen. Die SEP-Diagnostik mit Stimulation dieser Nerven ist als prinzipiell möglich beschrieben (Dumitru et al. 1991) und wurde zum Einsatz in der klinischen Routine mit Normwerterstellung in unserem Labor etabliert. Die taktile Stimulation von Mechanorezeptoren einzelner sensibler Qualitäten wurde in wenigen kleinen Studien mit sehr unterschiedlichen Stimulationsprinzipien untersucht, und in unserem Labor für Reizung durch Vibration, Druck, mechanischen Impuls und Bestreichen der Haut zum klinischen Einsatz weiterentwickelt.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2005)

Many modulators of inflammation, including chemokines, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters signal via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). GPCR kinases (GRK) can phosphorylate agonist-activated GPCR thereby promoting receptor desensitization. Here we describe that in leukocytes from patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) or with secondary progressive MS, GRK2 levels are significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, cells from patients during remission express even lower levels of GRK2. The level of GRK2 in leukocytes of patients after stroke, a neurological disorder with paralysis but without an autoimmune component, was similar to GRK2 levels in cells from healthy individuals. In addition, we demonstrate that the course of recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (1-125)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, is markedly different in GRK2(+/-) mice that express 50% of the GRK2 protein in comparison with wild-type mice. Onset of EAE was significantly advanced by 5 days in GRK2(+/-) mice. The earlier onset of EAE was associated with increased early infiltration of the CNS by T cells and macrophages. Although disease scores in the first phase of EAE were similar in both groups, GRK2(+/-) animals did not develop relapses, whereas wild-type animals did. The absence of relapses in GRK2(+/-) mice was associated with a marked reduction in inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS. Recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production were normal in GRK2(+/-) animals. We conclude that down-regulation of GRK2 expression may have important consequences for the onset and progression of MS.
Hyperaminoacidemia induces pancreatic α cell proliferation via synergism between mTORC1 and CaSR-Gq signaling pathways (2021)

Abstract Glucagon has emerged as the main regulator of extracellular amino acid homeostasis. Insufficient glucagon signaling results in hyperaminoacidemia, which drives adaptive proliferation of glucagon-producing α cells. Aside from mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the role of other amino acid sensors in the α cell proliferation has not been described. Here, using gcgr -deficient zebrafish and cultured mouse islets, we show that α cell proliferation requires the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and downstream extracellular signalregulated protein kinase (ERK1/2). Inactivation of casr dampened α cell proliferation, which can be rescued by re-expression of CaSR or activation of the downstream Gq, but not Gi, signaling in α cells. CaSR was also unexpectedly necessary for mTORC1 activation in α cells. Furthermore, co-activation of Gq and mTORC1 induced α cell proliferation independent of hyperaminoacidemia. These results reveal another amino acid sensitive mediator, and identify major pathways necessary and sufficient for hyperaminoacidemia-induced α cell proliferation.
Genetics and molecular genetics of the MHC. (1999)

The MHC is a well-characterised region of the human genome, containing a high diversity of genes and an apparent clustering of genes involved in the immune response. The genomic sequence of an 8 Mb section, containing the MHC and flanking regions and covering over 300 genes, will soon be available. Since this is a highly polymorphic region, the molecular genetics of the MHC and its relationship with disease have been studied in considerable detail.
Sensitivity of anticancer drugs in Saos-2 cells transfected with mutant p53 varied with mutation point. (1998)

A human osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2, which is devoid of endogenous p53 gene, and clones of Saos-2 cells, which were transfected with wild type p53 or mutant p53 genes (123A, 143A, 175H and 273H), were observed for their surviving fraction after treatment with the commonly used anticancer drugs, cisplatin (CDDP), nimustine (ACNU), adriamicin (ADR) and bleomicin (BLM). The transfectants of the mutant 143A, 175H and 273H were significantly more resistant to CDDP than the transfectant of pOPI3 (expression plasmid only). The transfectants of the wild type p53 and mutant 123A were significantly more sensitive to ACNU than the transfectant of pOPI3. The transfectant of mutant 123A was more sensitive to ADR than the transfectant of pOPI3. There was no significant difference in sensitivity to BLM between Saos-2 and all kinds of transfectants. Thus the sensitivity of the cells to anticancer drugs varied with the mutation point of the p53 gene.
Optimal carbon source switching strategy for the production of PHA copolymers (2001)

Abstract During polymerization in a nongrowing cell population of Ralstonia eutropha, alternating between two different carbon sources (fructose and fructose/valeric acid) could lead to the production of block copolymers consisting of blocks of homo‐poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate (PHBV) copolymer. The problem of finding the optimal number of carbon source switches and corresponding switching times that maximize the final concentration of diblock copolymers (PHB‐PHBV and PHBV‐PHB) was addressed. It was mathematically formulated in the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework, which allows the decomposition of the original problem into the primal and master problems. The primal problem corresponds to the original problem for a fixed number of carbon source switches, whereas the master problem consists of finding the number of carbon source switches that maximizes the optimum solutions of all possible primal problems. The global optimum was obtained for 39 carbon source switches. It corresponds to a mass fraction of 50.6% of final diblock copolymer concentration over the final total polymer concentration.
Research on Embodiment and Social Robotics from the Perspective of Metacosmos——Research based on character AI (2023)

The meta-universe is a future full of infinite possibilities, and disembodiment is the main relationship between human and virtual body. In this context, social robots have developed rapidly, bringing unique emotional experiences to humans in the current form of text, and robots have become disposable ‘close friends’ that will not betray. In fact, emotions based on illusion cannot completely replace real interpersonal communication.
Simultaneous Isolation of Nonadjacent m/z Ions Using Mirror Switching in an Electrostatic Linear Ion Trap (2019)

Simultaneous isolation of ions of disparate mass-to-charge (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i>) ratios is demonstrated via appropriately timed pulsing of entrance and exit ion mirrors in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) mass spectrometer. Manipulation of the voltages of the entrance and exit mirrors, referred to as "mirror switching", has been demonstrated as a method in which ions can be both captured and isolated. High resolution isolation (>35 000) was previously demonstrated by selective gating of trapping electrodes to avoid ion lapping while closely spaced ions could continue to separate [ Johnson et al. <i>Anal. Chem.</i> 2019 , 91 , 8789 ]. In this work, we demonstrate that advantage can be taken of the ion lapping phenomenon in an ELIT to enable the simultaneous isolation of ions of disparate <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ratios using mirror switching. This process is demonstrated with minimal ion loss using isotopologues of three carborane compounds ranging in <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> from 320 to 1020. Simultaneous isolation is demonstrated with the isolation of two and three peaks in separate isotopic distributions as well as with the isolation of alternating isotopologues within the same distribution. Such simultaneous isolation experiments are particularly useful when conducting experiments in which a mass calibrant is needed or when multiplexing in a tandem MS workflow.
Congenital Malformation of the Cardiac Conduction System (1959)

Congenital conduction defects of the heart have heretofore been grouped heterogenously in the literature under the broad term "congenital heart block." This title is somewhat inappropriate, since it connotes a basic physiologic rather than an anatomic disorder. Because the atrioventricular block is actually the result of an underlying anatomic defect, it would probably be preferable to classify this condition anatomically as with other congenital heart lesions, rather than physiologically. When malformations involve the cardiac conduction system, gross anatomic heart defects, according to published data, are extremely common.<sup>1-15</sup>However, in rare instances the pathology has been reported to be only microscopic.<sup>15-20</sup>Since modern diagnostic methods now enable us to establish ante mortem the precise nature of anomalies of this type, we can separate with a reasonable degree of accuracy those patients with purely microscopic lesions from those in whom there are complicating gross anatomic defects of the heart. The
Processing of Nanocrystalline Nitrides and Oxide Composites (1998)

Abstract : We have continued to optimize our processing to reduce the oxygen and metallic impurities present in the AlN samples. Texture analysis of the hot pressed nanocrystalline AlN powders shows that a high degree of alignment has been achieved with respect to the (002) direction. The piezoelectric properties of these samples should be investigated further to determine their piezoelectric efficiency. Additional studies on the surface chemistry of the nanocrystalline AlN were undertaken through the use of photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through this technique we were able to observe the surface species present initially and as the AlN decomposed during exposure to the laboratory air.
TELEFAB, le fablab de Télécom Bretagne (2015)

National audience
Measurement of the Z+b-jet cross-section in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV in the forward region (2015)

The associated production of a Z boson or an off-shell photon * with a bottom quark in the forward region is studied using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The Z bosons are reconstructed in the Z/ * + -final state from muons with a transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV, while two transverse momentum thresholds are considered for jets (10 GeV and 20 GeV). Both muons and jets are reconstructed in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 < < 4.5. The results are based on data corresponding to 1.0 fb -1 recorded in 2011 with the LHCb detector. The measurement of the Z+b-jet cross-section is normalized to the Z+jet cross-section. The measured cross-sections are (Z/ * ( + -) + b-jet) = 295 60 (stat) 51 (syst) 10 (lumi) fb (0.1) for p T (jet) > 10 GeV, and (Z/ * ( + -) + b-jet) = 128 36 (stat) 22 (syst) 5 (lumi) fb (0.2) for p T (jet) > 20 GeV.
A MEMS-based hybrid circuit having metallized cavity for Ku-band wireless communication (2004)

We present a hybrid circuit fabricated by means of MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) process technology. It has been newly developed as a component for the application to wireless communication system. The hybrid circuit consists of inductors and shunt capacitors, which have been fabricated on a silicon wafer. In our device, an etched 30 /spl mu/m deep cavity is utilized to minimize insertion losses of transmission lines for inductors. Moreover, the bottom of cavity is metallized for the ground biasing of shunt capacitors. Our metallized cavity structure and proposed fabrication process scheme for that have the advantages in terms of insertion loss issue and a variety of applicability in RF MEMS field. In S-parameter measurement, we obtained 2.03 dB and 2.18 dB as insertion losses and 21.63 dB as return loss at 12 GHz. The measured frequency characteristics are also well agreed with the simulation results.
Melatonin modulates adiponectin expression on murine colitis with sleep deprivation (2016)

This study suggested that melatonin modulated adiponectin expression in colonic tissue and melatonin and adiponectin synergistically potentiated anti-inflammatory effects on colitis with sleep deprivation.
Bioluminescence dissemination of <i>Leptospira</i> in hamsters. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;(A) The survival rate of Golden Syrian hamsters (n = 8) infected subcutaneously with 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;interrogans&lt;/i&gt; strain M1307 into the right inguinal region, and representative ventral view photographic images tracking the hamster infections on different days post-infection. Images depict photographs overlaid with color representations of luminescence intensity, measured in photons/second/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/sr as indicated on the scales, where red is the most intense (3×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;) and purple is the least intense (3×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;). (B,C) Average luminescence intensities in each ROI of injection site (B) and abdominal center (C) at different days post-infection. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM of total flux in photons/second in each ROI in eight infected hamsters (●) and two uninfected controls (◦). &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values (*&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), between groups.&lt;/p&gt;
Minocycline as adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant depression: study protocol for a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (MINDEP2) (2020)

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03947827. Registered 13th May, 2019.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with a m,m-di-tert-butyl-carbazolyl benzoylpyridine core achieving extremely high blue electroluminescence efficiencies (2017)

High performance blue OLEDs with maximum EQEs over 28% are achieved from TADF emitters by fine tuning the acceptor unit.
Artificial intelligence in sepsis early prediction and diagnosis using unstructured data in healthcare (2021)

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in hospitals. Early prediction and diagnosis of sepsis, which is critical in reducing mortality, is challenging as many of its signs and symptoms are similar to other less critical conditions. We develop an artificial intelligence algorithm, SERA algorithm, which uses both structured data and unstructured clinical notes to predict and diagnose sepsis. We test this algorithm with independent, clinical notes and achieve high predictive accuracy 12 hours before the onset of sepsis (AUC 0.94, sensitivity 0.87 and specificity 0.87). We compare the SERA algorithm against physician predictions and show the algorithm's potential to increase the early detection of sepsis by up to 32% and reduce false positives by up to 17%. Mining unstructured clinical notes is shown to improve the algorithm's accuracy compared to using only clinical measures for early warning 12 to 48 hours before the onset of sepsis.
Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle (2020)

Abstract Background Bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP. However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which upper respiratory tract (URT) niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. Methods Seventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced. Community composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. Results Microbiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1,137 observed sequence variants (SVs). An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (R-statistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma . Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar . Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella , Fusobacterium , and Streptococcus , respectively. Conclusions The nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota is most similar to the lung bacterial microbiota in healthy cattle and therefore may serve as the primary source of bacteria to the lung. This finding indicates that the nasopharynx is likely the most important location that should be targeted when doing bovine respiratory microbiota research.
At-Large Workgroup: Themes and Observations (2016)

The At-Large group was the largest and most diverse in terms of stakeholder representation. At-large delegates observed workgroup conversations during the meeting and contributed to these conversations while letting the workgroup teams answer their questions. At-large delegates met during the conference and convened online both before and after the conference in order to develop some high level takeaways based on what they observed. While workgroups focused on answering a particular big question confronting scholarly publishing, at-large delegates had a wide-angle lens on the evolution of these questions and proceedings.
Ethyl N-(o-Ethynyl)malonanilide as a Useful Building Block for the Preparation of 3,4-Disubstituted-2(1H)-quinolones, 3,4-Disubstituted- and 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Quinolines (1998)

3,4-Disubstituted-2(1H)-quinolones have been prepared through a procedure based on the palladium-catalysed reaction of the readily available ethyl-N-(o-ethynyl)malonanilide with aryl, heteroaryl and vinyl halides or vinyl triflates followed by the cyclization of the resulting coupling derivatives under basic conditions. It is shown that 3,4-disubstituted-2(1H)-quinolones are useful synthetic intermediates for the preparation of 3,4-disubstituted- and 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinolines.
On the possibility of leaching alumina from high-CaO coal ash by soda solution (2006)

Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis,it has been found that the phase composition of two kinds of ashes,the ash of Texaco furnance of gasification of coal from Shenfu coal field and the ash of gasification furnance of Siming Chemical Factory,are consisting of melilite-type solid solution and CaO·Al_2O_3.It has been found that a part of alumina content of these two kinds of ashes can be leached by dilute sodium carbonate solution easily.In order to test the possibility of high rate of alumina leaching process,powdered coal mixed with sufficient CaO has been burned and the ash obtained has been leached by sodium carbonate solution.And the leaching rate of alumina is 97.6%.And so that the alumina in coal ash can be easily leached out by sodium carbonate solution.Then it may be possible to produce alumina from coal by using the latter half of lime-sintering process for alumina production without energy-consuming sintering process.
Automatically Collecting and Monitoring Japanese Weblogs (2004)

Weblogs (blogs) are now thought of as a potentially useful information source. Although the definition of blogs is not necessarily definite, it is generally understood that they are personal web pages authored by a single individual and made up of a sequence of dated entries of the author's thoughts, that are arranged chronologically. In Japan, since long before blog software became available, people have written `diaries' on the web. These web diaries are quite similar to blogs in their content, and people still write them without any blog software. As we will show, hand-edited blogs are quite numerous in Japan, though most people now think of blogs as pages usually published using one of the variants of public-domain blog software. Therefore, it is quite difficult to exhaustively collect Japanese blogs, i.e., collect blogs made with blog software and web diaries written as normal web pages. With this as the motivation for our work, we present a system that tries to automatically collect and monitor Japanese blog collections that include not only ones made with blog software but also ones written as normal web pages. Our approach is based on extraction of date expressions and analysis of HTML documents, to avoid having to depend on specific blog software, RSS, or the ping server.
Twenty-eight-week results from the REALISTIC phase IIIb randomized trial: efficacy, safety and predictability of response to certolizumab pegol in a diverse rheumatoid arthritis population (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00717236 , 15 July 2008.