gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Powder Injection Molding: A Comparison of Two Debinding Procedures Based on Solvent Extraction (1998)

As-injected Fe-2%Ni samples with a binder containing 3.3 wt.% polypropylene (PP), 2.8 wt.% paraffin wax (PW) and 1.7 wt.% ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) were subjected to a two step debinding process, i.e., chemical (solvent) combined with thermal extraction. The chemical debinding was carried out by: (i) immersing the samples in boiling hexane; (ii) exposing the samples to condensing hexane vapor. In order to evaluate the debinding rate, samples were taken at different exposing times and the mass loss was measured. The pore structure evolvement was then evaluated by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Although the mass loss under condensing vapor conditions at the beginning (t < 2 h) was lower than in the case of immersion extraction, for both procedures it tends to level off at 4.5 wt.% when time approaches 4 h. From the mass loss and DSC analyses it can be concluded that at this stage most of the PW and EVA was extracted. SEM observations show that after solvent debinding the powder particles are held together by a web-like structure of PP.
Saphenous Vein Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (2013)

Despite advances in management, VGF remains one of the leading causes of poor in-hospital and long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. New developments in VGF prevention such as gene therapy, external graft support, fully tissue-engineered grafts, hybrid grafts, and synthetic conduits are promising but unproven. Future efforts to reduce VGF require a multidisciplinary approach with a primary focus on prevention.
Advances in Measuring Porosity and Permeability from Drill Cuttings (2007)

Abstract Drill cuttings can provide quick and useful information for reservoir characterization, especially when cores are not available. So far, several petrophysical properties can be determined from cuttings: porosity, permeability and T2 NMR distributions (directly related to the pore size distribution) Several laboratories are working to improve the techniques of measurements and also the drilling tools to minimize the damage to the rock. In this paper, we present new results for porosity and permeability measurements down to cuttings of diameters around 0.5 mm and the application to a field test. The methods for measuring the porosity on cuttings are the same as for cores when the sizes are larger than 3mm. For smaller cuttings (most of cases), the best results are obtained using a centrifuge or a porous plate to remove the interstitial liquid with a controlled capillary pressure. With this method, porosities were measured within 1-2 PU (Porosity Units), even for the flat cuttings with diameter around 1mm and thickness around 0.5 mm collected during the field case. For permeability, we used the technique developed by IFP based on the diffusion of a pressure wave in a viscous liquid saturating the cuttings. The results were improved by a better choice of the viscosity of the liquid used to saturate the cuttings. The suitable viscosity must satisfy two opposite constrains: high viscosity for a relaxation time large enough to be measured (larger than 0.2 second), and low viscosity to allow spontaneous imbibition in a short time. The results of the study are presented in a diagram, showing the viscosity to be used as a function of cuttings sizes and permeability. Porosity and permeability methods have been tested on synthetic cuttings obtained by crushing cores of known parameters. Finally, the methods were tested on real cuttings sampled especially for this study every 20 cm in a carbonate formation (125 samples). The results are discussed and compared to porosity logs obtained in the same well. The porosities measured on cuttings agree with the log value for values larger than 5 PU. The T2 NMR relaxation times (peaks) are also in good correlation with the amount of clay given by the gamma ray log. However, the porosities and the sizes of cuttings are two small for permeability determination. Both porosities and T2 relaxation times give a good depth matching prediction with log less than 1 meter.
Grain Refinement of Austenite through Reverse Transformation from Martensite in Fe-15Ni-Co-Mo-Ti Alloys (1981)

The effects of 5Mo, 15Co or 2Ti addition to Fe-15Ni-10Co-5Mo base alloy on grain refinement of reversed austenite subjected to single austenitizing were studied at heating rates between 0.083 and 100 °C/s. Grain refinement was promoted by Co or Ti addition and was suppressed by Mo addition. Grain refinement was promoted in the base, (base+15Co) and (base+2Ti) alloys at the lower heating rates, whereas it was suppressed in the (base+5Mo) alloy. Refining processes depended on chemical composition and heating rate, and were classified into the following two groups in terms of the differences in the initial stage of formation of γ grains : (1) after completion of reverse transformation, γ grains were formed due to recrystallization of γ ; and (2) during reverse transformation, γ grains were formed probably by nucleation and growth of diffusionally transformed γ. It was shown that the mechanisms of reverse transformation associated with chemical composition and heating rate played an important role in these refining processes.
An algorithm for signal reconstruction from bispectrum (2003)

The author presents a procedure for reconstructing the impulse response of a minimum- or nonminimum-phase linear time-invariant (LTI) system from its bispectrum. The algorithm is iterative and uses the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). Prior information such as an energy bound on the impulse response sequence of the LTI system can be incorporated into the algorithm. Corresponding to a given bispectrum and other prior information such as energy, closed and convex sets in an inner product space are constructed. The iterative algorithm consists of successively projecting an initial guess onto these closed and convex sets. Convergence of the algorithm regardless of the initial guess is assured. An algorithm that employs energy information was found to produce better results in simulation that one that ignores energy constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient Space-Time Sampling with Pixel-Wise Coded Exposure for High-Speed Imaging (2013)

Cameras face a fundamental trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution. Digital still cameras can capture images with high spatial resolution, but most high-speed video cameras have relatively low spatial resolution. It is hard to overcome this trade-off without incurring a significant increase in hardware costs. In this paper, we propose techniques for sampling, representing, and reconstructing the space-time volume to overcome this trade-off. Our approach has two important distinctions compared to previous works: 1) We achieve sparse representation of videos by learning an overcomplete dictionary on video patches, and 2) we adhere to practical hardware constraints on sampling schemes imposed by architectures of current image sensors, which means that our sampling function can be implemented on CMOS image sensors with modified control units in the future. We evaluate components of our approach, sampling function and sparse representation, by comparing them to several existing approaches. We also implement a prototype imaging system with pixel-wise coded exposure control using a liquid crystal on silicon device. System characteristics such as field of view and modulation transfer function are evaluated for our imaging system. Both simulations and experiments on a wide range of scenes show that our method can effectively reconstruct a video from a single coded image while maintaining high spatial resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of Diterminal Diaminodideoxyalditols and 1‐Amino‐1‐ deoxyalditols Using Trimethylsilyl Protecting Groups. (1987)

Abstract The aldaric acids (I) yield the aldaramides (II) on esterfication and subsequent ammonolysis.
Real-time Joint Tracking of a Hand Manipulating an Object from RGB-D Input (2016)

Real-time simultaneous tracking of hands manipulating and interacting with external objects has many potential applications in augmented reality, tangible computing, and wearable computing. However, due to difficult occlusions, fast motions, and uniform hand appearance, jointly tracking hand and object pose is more challenging than tracking either of the two separately. Many previous approaches resort to complex multi-camera setups to remedy the occlusion problem and often employ expensive segmentation and optimization steps which makes real-time tracking impossible. In this paper, we propose a real-time solution that uses a single commodity RGB-D camera. The core of our approach is a 3D articulated Gaussian mixture alignment strategy tailored to hand-object tracking that allows fast pose optimization. The alignment energy uses novel regularizers to address occlusions and hand-object contacts. For added robustness, we guide the optimization with discriminative part classification of the hand and segmentation of the object. We conducted extensive experiments on several existing datasets and introduce a new annotated hand-object dataset. Quantitative and qualitative results show the key advantages of our method: speed, accuracy, and robustness.
Application of a Depolymerization Model for Predicting Thermochemical Hydrolysis of Hemicellulose (2003)

Literature data were collected and analyzed to guide selection of conditions for pretreatment by dilute acid and water-only hemicellulose hydrolysis, and the severity parameter was used to relate performance of different studies on a consistent basis and define attractive operating conditions. Experiments were then run to confirm performance with corn stover. Although substantially better hemicellulose sugar yields are observed when acid is added, costs would be reduced and processing operations simplified if less acid could be used while maintaining good yields, and understanding the relationship between operating conditions and yields would be invaluable to realizing this goal. However, existing models seldom include the oligomeric intermediates prevalent at lower acid levels, and the few studies that include such species do not account for the distribution of chain lengths during reaction. Therefore, the polymeric nature of hemicellulose was integrated into a kinetic model often used to describe the decomposition of synthetic polymers with the assumption that hemicellulose linkages are randomly broken during hydrolysis. Predictions of monomer yields were generally consistent with our pretreatment data, data reported in the literature, and predictions of other models, but the model tended to overpredict oligomer yields. These differences need to be resolved by gathering additional data and improving the model.
The inability of Turkey and Istanbul in institutionalisation of children's participation in urban planning: A policy analysis study (2022)

Abstract Children's participation in the decision‐making and design of urban public spaces is crucial for achieving inclusive cities. International covenants have recognized the importance of participation as a right. Having adhered to these agreements, Turkey is obliged to enable children's participation in all public matters that concern them, including shaping urban spaces. This paper analyses national and local legislation in Turkey and Istanbul to distil how children's right to participate is legislated and institutionalised. It shows that lack of integrated child‐responsive legislation, accounting for children's individuality, and lack of collaboration between national and local governments are the root of the problem.
Compilers and Computer Architecture (1981)

An examination of the relation between architecture and compiler design leads to several principles which can simplify compilers and improve the object code they produce.
Cigarette Smoking and Progression of Atherosclerosis (1998)

Both active smoking and ETS exposure are associated with the progression of an index of atherosclerosis. Smoking is of particular concern for patients with diabetes and hypertension. The fact that pack-years of smoking but not current vs past smoking was associated with progression of atherosclerosis suggests that some adverse effects of smoking may be cumulative and irreversible.
The Use of Magic in Teaching Organizational Behavior (1999)

The parallel between magic and Organizational Behavior (OB) is that actions, behaviors, and events often happen with a lack of easily understandable explanation. An Anger-Wonder-Envy (AWE) response occurs. Magic tricks recreate this AWE response experientially in the classroom. This article explores the nature of the AWE response, provides instructions for the performance and presentation of two magic tricks, and outlines several OB themes relating to the demonstrations of magic.
Increased bronchial nitric oxide production in patients with asthma measured with a novel method of different exhalation flow rates (2000)

The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is increased in patients with asthma, suggesting that measuring fractional exhaled NO concentration (FE(NO)) may be used to monitor asthmatic airway inflammation. However, increased FE(NO) is not specific for asthma, as other inflammatory lung diseases may also increase FE(NO). To augment the specificity of FE(NO) measurement, we tested a novel theoretical modelling of pulmonary NO dynamics that allows the approximation of alveolar NO concentration and bronchial NO flux separately by measuring FE(NO) at several exhalation flow rates. We measured FE(NO) at four exhalation flow rates in 10 steroid-naive asthmatics, 5 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis, and in 10 healthy controls. Both the asthmatics and the patients with alveolitis had significantly higher FE(NO) than the healthy controls. The increased NO concentration originated from the bronchial level in the asthmatics and from the alveolar level in the patients with alveolitis. In the second part of the study we assessed the repeatability of FE(NO) test, within-day and day-to-day (during two weeks) variation in FE(NO), and the effects of mouth pressure and cigarette smoking on FE(NO) in healthy volunteers. Repeatability of 10 subsequent measurements was high (coefficient of variation (CV) 4.6% +/- 0.4%), and no diurnal variation was found. The day-to-day variation during a 2-week period gave a CV of 10.6% +/- 1.0%. The magnitude of mouth pressure (5-20 cmH2O in adults, 5-40 cmH2O in children) during measurement had no effect on FE(NO). Smoking a cigarette caused a small and transient but statistically significant increase in FE(NO) at 1 and 5 min after smoking. In conclusion, FE(NO) measurement is highly repeatable with low day-to-day variation among healthy subjects. Our results also suggest that the present novel method of measuring FE(NO) at several exhalation flow rates can be used to approximate alveolar and bronchial contributions to FE(NO) separately and thus increase the clinical value of this test.
ChemInform Abstract: Leishmanicidal Active Constituents from Nepalese Medicinal Plant Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Servitized Enterprises for Distributed Collaborative Commerce (2010)

Agility and innovation are essential for survival in today’s business world. Mergers and acquisitions, new regulations, rapidly changing technology, increasing competition and heightened customer expectations mean companies must become more responsive to changing demands. This move to agility through innovation can be possible with the service oriented solutions offered by Collaborative Servitized Enterprises (CSE). In this article, the authors demonstrate the architecture of a CSE and develop a multidisciplinary research program, incorporating a more science-based approach to the effective, scalable, secure, and knowledge-driven design and development of collaborative servitized enterprises, to address some of today’s commoditization lead issues. The authors’ primary objective is to lay the foundation of an integrated service culture, which is characterized by a cross-disciplinary attitude that fulfills customers’ needs. A secondary attitude within that culture is an awareness of the complexities associated with service tradeoff decision-making, requiring a careful balance of value, risk, cost, and quality of service.
Platelet and fibrin modification by radiographic contrast media. (1991)

The effect of the radiographic contrast agents, iopamidol and diatrizoate, on fibrin assembly and structure as well as platelet surface charge was studied. Increasing the iopamidol concentration from 0 to 4.5 mM prolongs the fibrin gelation time from 20 to 105 seconds (an anticoagulant effect) and reduces the fibrin fiber mass/length ratio from 3.2 x 10(12) to 0.5 x 10(12) Da/cm (i.e., produces very thin fibrin fibers). Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of fibrinogen showed both a 15-nm shift in the ultraviolet difference maximum for iopamidol (suggesting binding) and a perturbation of the aromatic amino acid side chain region for fibrinogen (suggesting a conformational change in fibrinogen) as the concentration of iopamidol was increased from 0 to 9 mg/ml. Binding of iopamidol to fibrinogen was also shown by affinity chromatography using a Sepharose-fibrinogen column. Electrophoretic quasi elastic light scattering was used to show platelet interaction with iopamidol as reflected in a reduction in the platelet electrophoretic mobility from 2.0 to 0.5 (microns-cm)/(V-sec) as the concentration of iopamidol was increased from 0 to 4.5 mM. In addition, the ionic radiopaque contrast agent, Renografin, was also studied and found to inhibit fibrin monomer assembly. Although iopamidol is not shown to be thrombogenic, iopamidol does appear to reduce platelet surface charge, bind fibrinogen, and modify fibrin clot structure.
Advances in Siloxane-Based Coupling Reactions: Application of Palladium-Mediated Allyl-Aryl Coupling to the Synthesis of Pancratistatin Derivatives. The Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-7-Deoxypancratistatin (2012)

1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR of hydroxamate 10 S2-S41 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR of Methyl 7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzo 2-dimethyl-5-p-tolyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ylcarbamate 24 S24-S26 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR of Methyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4ylcarbamate 26 S27-S29
Electron Transport in Self-Assembled Polymer Molecular Junctions (2006)

A molecular junction of a poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s derivative with thioacetate end groups (TA-PPE) was fabricated by self-assembling. Nanogap electrodes made by electroplating technique was used to couple thiol end groups of TA-PPE molecules. Room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the molecular junction exhibited highly periodic, repeatable, and identical stepwise features. First-principles calculations suggest that one possibility for the equidistant step is due to the opening of different conducting channels that corresponds to the unoccupied molecular orbitals of the polymer in the junction. It is interesting to see that an 18 nm long polymer is of quantized electronic structures and behaves like a quantum transport device.
How to Get Them off?—Assessment of Innovative Techniques for Generation and Detachment of Mature Osteoclasts for Biomaterial Resorption Studies (2021)

The fusion process of mononuclear monocytes into multinuclear osteoclasts in vitro is an essential process for the study of osteoclastic resorption of biomaterials. Thereby biomaterials offer many influencing factors such as sample shape, material composition, and surface topography, which can have a decisive influence on the fusion and thus the entire investigation. For the specific investigation of resorption, it can therefore be advantageous to skip the fusion on samples and use mature, predifferentiated osteoclasts directly. However, most conventional detachment methods (cell scraper, accutase), lead to a poor survival rate of osteoclasts or to a loss of function of the cells after their reseeding. In the present study different conventional and novel methods of detachment in combination with different culture surfaces were investigated to obtain optimal osteoclast differentiation, yield, and vitality rates without loss of function. The innovative method-using thermoresponsive surfaces for cultivation and detachment-was found to be best suited. This is in particular due to its ability to maintain osteoclast activity, as proven by TRAP 5b-, CTSK-activity and resorption pits on dentin discs and decellularized osteoblast-derived matrix plates. In conclusion, it is shown, that osteoclasts can be predifferentiated on cell culture dishes and transferred to a reference biomaterial under preservation of osteoclastic resorption activity, providing biomaterial researchers with a novel tool for material characterization.
AlGaN/InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode degradation under pulsed current stress (1996)

This study focused on the performance of commercial AlGaN/InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) under high current pulse conditions. The results of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), thermally stimulated capacitance, and admittance spectroscopy measurements performed on stressed devices, showed no evidence of any deep-level defects that may have developed as a result of high current pulses. Physical analysis of stressed LEDs indicated a strong connection between the high intrinsic defect density in these devices and the resulting mode of degradation.
Cosmeceuticals for Cellulite (2011)

Cellulite is characterized by alterations to the skin surface, presenting as dimpled or puckered skin of the buttocks and posterior and lateral thighs. It mainly affects women. Cellulite occurrence is believed to be due to structural, inflammatory, morphological and biochemical alterations of the subcutaneous tissue. However, its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Topical treatments for cellulite include many agents, such those that increase the microcirculation flow, agents that reduce lipogenesis and promote lipolysis, agents that restore the normal structure of dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and agents that scavenge free radicals or prevent their formation. There are many cosmetic and medical treatments for cellulite. However, there is little clinical evidence of an improvement in cellulite, and none have been shown to lead to its resolution. The successful treatment of cellulite will ultimately depend upon our understanding of the physiopathology of cellulite adipose tissue.
Model Predictions of Metal Speciation in Freshwaters Compared to Measurements by In Situ Techniques (2006)

Measurements of trace metal species in situ in a softwater river, a hardwater lake, and a hardwater stream were compared to the equilibrium distribution of species calculated using two models, WHAM 6, incorporating humic ion binding model VI and visual MINTEQ incorporating NICA-Donnan. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and voltammetry at a gel integrated microelectrode (GIME) were used to estimate dynamic species that are both labile and mobile. The Donnan membrane technique (DMT) and hollow fiber permeation liquid membrane (HFPLM) were used to measure free ion activities. Predictions of dominant metal species using the two models agreed reasonably well, even when colloidal oxide components were considered. Concentrations derived using GIME were generally lower than those from DGT, consistent with calculations of the lability criteria that take into account the smaller time window available forthe fluxto GIME. Model predictions of free ion activities generally did not agree with measurements, highlighting the need for further work and difficulties in obtaining appropriate input data.