gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Patients with Breathing Problems through NFC in Ambient Assisted Living Environments (2012)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is one of the technologies, in conjunction with Bluetooth and 6LoWPAN, which makes feasible the wireless transmission of information from small objects and sensors to Internet-enabled devices. This presents a new technological generation, denominated Internet of Things (IoT), which is able to integrate in Internet the sensors and objects located surround us. Our research work is focused on the evaluation of the capabilities from the mentioned technologies for the integration of a continuous data transmission model. Specifically, this paper analyzes the capabilities for transmitting continuous data from NFC. This presents special considerations and constrains, since it was not originally designed for this purpose. Specifically, it has been considered, for this evaluation, a sensor with high requirements in data transmission, an electrocardiogram (ECG). Over this sensor is presented an evaluation of the performance with the native communication model from the sensor, i.e. sending via NFC all the collected data, concluding that it is necessary to perform data compression when the amount of data to send is too large, since this introduces a delay of 2 bytes for each 127 bytes. Therefore, this work also presents a solution of pre-processed and data compression to make feasible the communication with NFC technology.
A new noise suppression method for high-definition CCD cameras (1989)

A novel noise suppression method for a high-definition CCD (charge coupled device) camera, the RDS (reflection-delayed noise suppression) method, is described. By using the reflection in a delay line, it has become possible to obtain both significant noise suppression and a wide frequency bandwidth. The method is superior to conventional methods in that its frequency bandwidth is very wide and its high-speed operations are very stable. The performance of a HDTV (high-definition TV) three-CCD color camera using this method is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Syntheses and Characterization of Poly(cyclohexyl vinyl ether-stat-vinyl alcohol)-b-polyisobutylene-b-poly(cyclohexyl vinyl ether-stat-vinyl alcohol) Triblock Copolymers and Their Application as Coatings To Deliver Paclitaxel from Coronary Stents (2005)

Novel ABA-type thermoplastic elastomers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-b-polyisobutylene (PIB)-b-PVA triblock copolymers, were prepared by hydrolysis of poly(tert-butyl vinyl ether) (PtBVE)-b-PIB-b-PtBVE triblock copolymers. Attempts to dissolve the triblocks in a variety of solvents and solvent mixtures for solution casting remained unsuccessful due to the large difference in the solubility parameters of PVA and PIB. To decrease crystallinity and increase the solubility of the end segments, cyclohexyl vinyl ether (CHVE) was copolymerized with tBVE. According to the reactivity ratios determined by the Kelen−Tudos method (rCHVE = 1.37; rtBVE = 0.65), the product poly(CHVE-stat-tBVE) was highly random. Well-defined P(CHVE-stat-tBVE)-b-PIB-b-P(CHVE-stat-tBVE) triblock copolymers (PDI = ∼1.10) were prepared with various CHVE/tBVE ratios. After hydrolysis, the P(CHVE-stat-VA)-b-PIB-b-P(CHVE-stat-VA) triblock copolymers exhibited various amounts of coupled products irrespective of the end block composition and extent of hydrolysis. Model studies with PtBVE indicated that this side reaction is due to the methoxy end groups, which are unstable under acidic conditions of hydrolysis. Well-defined P(CHVE-stat-VA)-b-PIB-b-P(CHVE-stat-VA) triblock copolymers (DPn ≈ 200−1250−200) with 25, 50, and 75 mol % VA in the end block with negligible coupled product were prepared by hydrolysis of P(CHVE-stat-tBVE)-b-PIB-b-P(CHVE-stat-tBVE) capped with methallyltrimethylsilane. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the end blocks were completely amorphous, but compression molding of the samples led to extensive cross-linking. Tensile properties were measured on samples cast from solution. All three triblock copolymers with 25, 50, and 75 mol % VA in the end blocks exhibited excellent elastomeric properties. With the increase of VA content, the tensile strength increased from 15.9 to 22.6 MPa while the elongation at break remained similar, ∼500%. The P(CHVE-stat-VA)-b-PIB-b-P(CHVE-stat-VA) block copolymers were evaluated as paclitaxel eluting coatings for coronary stents. The mechanical properties of these polymers led to the formation of robust stent coatings. The release of paclitaxel could be modulated by varying the ratio of CHVE/VA in the hard block segments.
On the optimality of solutions of the max-product belief-propagation algorithm in arbitrary graphs (2001)

Graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields (MRFs), represent statistical dependencies of variables by a graph. The max-product "belief propagation" algorithm is a local-message-passing algorithm on this graph that is known to converge to a unique fixed point when the graph is a tree. Furthermore, when the graph is a tree, the assignment based on the fixed point yields the most probable values of the unobserved variables given the observed ones. Good empirical performance has been obtained by running the max-product algorithm (or the equivalent min-sum algorithm) on graphs with loops, for applications including the decoding of "turbo" codes. Except for two simple graphs (cycle codes and single-loop graphs) there has been little theoretical understanding of the max-product algorithm on graphs with loops. Here we prove a result on the fixed points of max-product on a graph with arbitrary topology and with arbitrary probability distributions (discrete- or continuous-valued nodes). We show that the assignment based on a fixed point is a "neighborhood maximum" of the posterior probability: the posterior probability of the max-product assignment is guaranteed to be greater than all other assignments in a particular large region around that assignment. The region includes all assignments that differ from the max-product assignment in any subset of nodes that form no more than a single loop in the graph. In some graphs, this neighborhood is exponentially large. We illustrate the analysis with examples.
Significance of prostaglandin E2 in acute necrotising pancreatitis in rats. (1989)

Acute necrotising pancreatitis in rats was induced by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Prostaglandin E2 (100 micrograms/kg subcutaneously twice) decreased the mortality rate from 100% to 60% (NS). When treatment with prostaglandin E2 was combined with simultaneous administration of either dazmegrel (UK 38,485, 50 mg/kg bodyweight) or Sibelium (Flunarizine R 14,950, 0.2 mg/kg body weight) a significant decrease in the mortality rate (p less than 0.05) was recorded. Dazmegrel is a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor and prevents the formation of thromboxane A2. Flunarizine (a calcium entry blocker) decreases thromboxane A2 formation and also inhibits the effects of raised thromboxane A2 concentrations. As plasma thromboxane B2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) concentrations increase and the plasma prostaglandin E2 concentrations decrease in acute necrotising pancreatitis in rats, the results of the present study indicate that these prostaglandins play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. It is suggested that restoration of the balance in prostanoid concentrations will have a beneficial effect on the course of acute necrotising pancreatitis.
An update on the pathophysiology of acute and recurrent pericarditis (2021)

Some uncertainties still remain about the role of neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and pericardial interstitial cells in recurrent and constrictive pericarditis. Unraveling these aspects might have a direct impact on the development of novel targeted therapies, especially considering the increasing number of drugs targeting NETs.
Development in the Mammalian Auditory System Depends on Transcription Factors (2021)

We review the molecular basis of several transcription factors (<i>Eya1</i>, <i>Sox2</i>), including the three related genes coding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH; see abbreviations) proteins (<i>Neurog1</i>, <i>Neurod1</i>, <i>Atoh1</i>) during the development of spiral ganglia, cochlear nuclei, and cochlear hair cells. Neuronal development requires <i>Neurog1,</i> followed by its downstream target <i>Neurod1</i>, to cross-regulate <i>Atoh1</i> expression. In contrast, hair cells and cochlear nuclei critically depend on <i>Atoh1</i> and require <i>Neurod1</i> expression for interactions with <i>Atoh1</i>. Upregulation of <i>Atoh1</i> following <i>Neurod1</i> loss changes some vestibular neurons' fate into "hair cells", highlighting the significant interplay between the bHLH genes. Further work showed that replacing <i>Atoh1</i> by <i>Neurog1</i> rescues some hair cells from complete absence observed in <i>Atoh1</i> null mutants, suggesting that bHLH genes can partially replace one another. The inhibition of <i>Atoh1</i> by <i>Neurod1</i> is essential for proper neuronal cell fate, and in the absence of <i>Neurod1</i>, <i>Atoh1</i> is upregulated, resulting in the formation of "intraganglionic" HCs. Additional genes, such as <i>Eya1/Six1</i>, Sox2, <i>Pax2, Gata3, Fgfr2b, Foxg1</i>, and <i>Lmx1a/b</i>, play a role in the auditory system. Finally, both <i>Lmx1a</i> and <i>Lmx1b</i> genes are essential for the cochlear organ of Corti, spiral ganglion neuron, and cochlear nuclei formation. We integrate the mammalian auditory system development to provide comprehensive insights beyond the limited perception driven by singular investigations of cochlear neurons, cochlear hair cells, and cochlear nuclei. A detailed analysis of gene expression is needed to understand better how upstream regulators facilitate gene interactions and mammalian auditory system development.
Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts (2015)

Tattooing has long been practised in various societies all around the world and is becoming increasingly common and widespread in the West. Tattoo ink suspensions unquestionably contain pigments composed of nanoparticles, i.e., particles of sub-100 nm dimensions. It is widely acknowledged that nanoparticles have higher levels of chemical activity than their larger particle equivalents. However, assessment of the toxicity of tattoo inks has been the subject of little research and ink manufacturers are not obliged to disclose the exact composition of their products. This study examines tattoo ink particles in two fundamental skin components at the nanometre level. We use atomic force microscopy and light microscopy to examine cryosections of tattooed skin, exploring the collagen fibril networks in the dermis that contain ink nanoparticles. Further, we culture fibroblasts in diluted tattoo ink to explore both the immediate impact of ink pigment on cell viability and also to observe the interaction between particles and the cells.
Morphology of Amylose Propionate On the Origin of Two Dimensional Spherulites in Polymers (1977)

Abstract Crystals of amylose propionate have been grown from dioxane and aniline at different temperatures. Study of morphology of various growth structures reveals that generation of vertical lamellae is very much common in polymer crystals and orientation of these lamellae on further growth determines the final morphology of resulting growth structures. A probable mechanism for the development of hedrites and two dimensional spherulites has been discussed. Various evidences obtained from the study of cellulose triacetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyoxymethylene and polyethylene support this mechanism and suggest that the development of growth structures follow mainly a common mechanism of growth.
6th International Conference on Alzheimer?s Disease and Parkinson?s Disease (2003)

ageingamyloidApoEBACEβ-peptidebrainCNScholesterolcholinergiccholinesterasedementiageneGAGimagingmemantinemuscarinicneurodegenerationneuroprotectionoxidative stresspresenilinsecretasesynapsesynucleintauvaccine
Predictive value of voiding pressures in benign prostatic hyperplasia (1983)

Abstract Sixty‐two patients with prostatism underwent a prospective and blinded evaluation to investigate the usefulness of preoperative measurement of opening, maximum intravesical, and detrusor pressures. Traditional urological methods, including detailed symptom analysis, cystoscopy, and excretory urography were used. In addition, all patients underwent urodynamic testing which entailed spontaneous uroflowmetry, medium‐fill water cysto‐rnetry, and pressure‐flow study. Forty‐three patients were reevaluated at three months and 28 patients at 12 months postoperatively. A weak correlation was found between the various voiding pressures and the symptom scores, flow rate, and minimum urethral resistance. Further analysis revealed that patients with normal preoperative pressures did as well postoperatively as patients with elevated preoperative pressures. No role for routine preoperative measurement of voiding pressures in patients with prostatism could be identified.
New Advances in Mid‐IR Pulse Shaping and its Application to 2D IR Spectroscopy and Ground‐State Coherent Control (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mid-IR Pulse-Shaping Technology Performance of Ge AOM Shaper Comparison to Parametric Transfer Coherent Control of Ground-State Vibrational Dynamics Automated 2D IR Spectroscopy Summary Acknowledgments References
Enabling High Availability Edge Computing Platform (2019)

The prodigious data generated by all kinds of smart devices creates the need for an efficient and reliable platform which should be capable of managing huge data traffic. To overcome the acute load on the cloud and achieve low latency for real-time applications, the computation has been moved to distributed edge devices, i.e., fog/edge computing. However, the capability of end devices is not on par with the cloud. To address performance and reliability issues of these edge nodes, it is important to have one management platform that can solve reliability challenges and improve the overall service availability. In this paper, we propose to design a distributed edge computing platform by providing an easy management solution for remote distributed edge nodes. The major functions of our platform include service auto discover, lightweight container provisioning, GPU container support for deep learning applications, manage all active end nodes without a fixed IP address, secure remote deployment of edge analytic applications, and joint edge/cloud data communication and processing. To minimize the service downtime and guarantee high availability of edge services, we propose a real-time internal and external container migration scheme to achieve cooperative processing, load balancing, data backup, and service failover. Comparing with existing edge platforms, our solution achieves lightweight service management, low overhead, flexible and secure networking, and the significant reduction in latency.
Dynamic pinhole SPECT imaging and compartmental modeling of fatty acid metabolism in the rat heart (2008)

The goal of this work is to quantitatively compare fatty acid metabolism in the hearts of normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a function of age, and thereby track physiological changes associated with the onset and progression of heart failure in the SHR model. We imposed a more-stringent negativity penalty for fully 4-D multiresolution B-spline SPECT image reconstruction, and applied this method to obtain weighted least-squares estimates of time-activity curves directly from projections for dynamic pinhole SPECT studies of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I-labeled BMIPP fatty acid analog in the myocardium of both a normal rat and an SHR. Dynamic projection data were acquired for 60 min in 1-sec time frames with an angular step of 4 degrees per frame on a dual-head GE Millennium VG Hawkeye SPECT/CT scanner equipped with custom pinhole collimators. The time-varying spatial distribution of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I-BMIPP was modeled with use of 4-D multiresolution B-splines that were piecewise constant in space and piecewise quadratic in time. The 4-D splines were organized on a 3-D spatial grid that provided sampling of 3.2 mm near the heart and 6.4 mm away from the heart. Temporal sampling intervals were 0–2.4, 2.4–9.4, 9.4–30, and 30–90 sec during the first gantry rotation. The use of nonuniform time sampling with B-splines that varied quadratically in time yielded smooth time-activity curves that captured the relatively fast rise and fall of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I-BMIPP in the left ventricular blood pool, as well as the uptake and trapping of the radiotracer in the left ventricular myocardium. Compartmental modeling was then applied to the time-activity curves. This yielded quantitative metabolic rate estimates (K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> ) of 0.60 min <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> and 0.22 min <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> in the normal and SHR hearts, respectively. The slower rate of fatty acid metabolism in the SHR is what one expects as the SHR heart switches to a reliance on glycolysis as the primary pathway for energy production during the development of heart failure. This fully 4-D image reconstruction method can also be applied to dynamic PET.
Profiles of Foreign-Gas-Broadened Atomic Lines and Satellite Bands (1970)

The intensity profiles of cesium principal series lines and the associated satellite bands produced by moderately high pressures of xenon are calculated on the basis of a Lennard-Jones potential and collision broadening. Experimental measurements of the contours show fairly good agreement, especially for high series members. Intensity ratios of the satellite to the parent line, calculated for binary interactions only, agree with measurements at several different pressures.
Joint UAV Placement Optimization, Resource Allocation, and Computation Offloading for THz Band: A DRL Approach (2022)

With the development of internet of things, latency-sensitive applications such as telemedicine are constantly emerging. Unfortunately, due to the limited computation capacity of wireless user devices, the real-time demands can not be met. Multi-access edge computing (MEC), which enables the deployment of edge access points (E-APs) to support computation-intensive applications, has become an effective way to meet the real-time demands. However, the number of WUDs that E-APs can serve are limited. To increase system capacity, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted computation offloading architecture in the terahertz (THz) band is proposed. In this paper, the problem of UAV placement optimization, resource allocation, and computation offloading is investigated considering the quality of service and resource constraints. The joint optimization problem is non-convex and hard to be solved in time by using traditional algorithms, such as successive convex approximation. Therefore, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based approach is a promising way to solve the formulated non-convex problem of minimizing latency. Double deep Q-learning (DDQN) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithms are provided to search for near-optimal solutions in highly dynamic environments. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is proved by simulation results in different scenarios.
Diet-Induced Obese Mice Exhibit Altered Heterologous Immunity during a Secondary 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Infection (2020)

During the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza outbreak, obese individuals were at greater risk for morbidity and mortality to pandemic infection. However, the mechanisms contributing to greater infection severity in obese individuals remain unclear. Although most individuals lacked pre-existing, neutralizing antibody protection to the novel pH1N1 virus, heterologous defenses conferred from exposure to circulating strains or vaccination have been shown to impart protection against pH1N1 infection in humans and mice. Because obese humans and mice have impaired memory T-cell and antibody responses following influenza vaccination or infection, we investigated the impact of obesity on heterologous protection to pH1N1 infection using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Lean and obese mice were infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 and five weeks later challenged with a lethal dose of heterologous pH1N1 (A/Cal/04/09). Cross-neutralizing antibody protection was absent in this model, but obese mice exhibited a significantly lower level of non-neutralizing, cross-reactive pH1N1 nucleoprotein antibodies following the primary PR/8 infection. Further, obese mice had elevated viral titers, greater lung inflammation, lung damage, and an increased number of cytotoxic memory CD8+ T cells in the lung airways. Although obese mice had more regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lung airways compared with lean controls during the pH1N1 challenge, Tregs isolated from obese mice were 40% less suppressive than Tregs isolated from lean mice. Taken together, excessive inflammatory responses to pH1N1 infection, potentially due to greater viral burden and impaired Treg function, may be a novel mechanism by which obesity contributes to greater pH1N1 severity.
Mathematical Modeling of the Paired Electro‐organic Syntheses in Packed Bed Flow Reactors: II . Gluconate and Sorbitol from Glucose (1988)

The mathematical model has been applied to the paired synthesis of gluconic acid and sorbitol from glucose in a packed bed flow reactor. Good agreement between experimental results obtained previously and model predictions has been obtained. Model calculations show anode current efficiency is not a function of current density, whereas sorbitol current efficiency is strongly dependent on current density. Surface coverages of hydrogen on the Raney nickel powder cathode range from 0.7 to 0.8 at 1.75 mA/cm2; glucose electrohydrogenation at 60°C is charge‐transfer controlled. For a fixed quantity of Raney nickel, an increase in the cathode diameter results in increased sorbitol current efficiencies.
Cerebellar Ataxia With Extreme Photophobia Associated With Anti-SOX1 Antibodies (2018)

Anti-SOX1 antibodies are associated with diverse neurological syndromes, targeting both the central (paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration) and peripheral nervous systems (Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome, paraneoplastic neuropathy). Although the pathogenic role of these antibodies remains unclear, their strong association with underlying neoplastic disease (mainly small-cell lung cancer) has designated them as onconeural antibodies. Here, we present a case of cerebellar ataxia with marked photophobia, with severe atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem, associated with anti-SOX1 antibodies without evidence of an underlying malignancy. Although anti-SOX1-associated cerebellar syndrome is infrequent, investigation of these antibodies should be considered as a part of the diagnostic algorithm if more common causes have been ruled out. Extensive brain stem lesions causing disruption of the trigeminal pathway and its connections with the pretectal area might explain the underlying mechanism of the associated photophobia. Early recognition of anti-SOX1 antibodies, exclusion of underlying neoplasm, and prompt initiation of immunotherapy are essential to achieve a better outcome.