gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between the Liver Temperature Employed During Machine Perfusion and Reperfusion Damage: Role of Ca2+ (2008)

This study compares the effects of machine perfusion (MP) at different temperatures with simple cold storage. In addition, the role of Ca(2+) levels in the MP medium was evaluated. For MP, rat livers were perfused for 6 hours with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution (with 1.25 or 2.5 mM CaCl(2)) at 4 degrees C, 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, or 37 degrees C. For cold storage, livers were perfused in situ and preserved with Celsior solution at 4 degrees C for 6 hours. The reperfusion period (2 hours at 37 degrees C) was performed under the same conditions used for MP-preserved and cold storage-preserved livers. Hepatic enzyme release, bile production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and morphology were evaluated during MP and reperfusion. MP at 37 degrees C caused marked enzyme release; the same findings were obtained during reperfusion. By contrast, MP temperature lowering induced a significant decrease in liver damage. High levels of biliary gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were found with MP at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C but not with MP at 20 degrees C. When a KH-1.25 mM CaCl(2) solution was used during MP at 20 degrees C, very low enzyme release was observed and significantly lower hepatic damage was present at the end of the reperfusion period in comparison with cold storage. The same results were obtained when ruthenium red, a calcium uniporter blocker, was added to KH-2.5 mM CaCl(2). ATP levels were higher and morphology was better in liver preserved with KH-1.25 mM CaCl(2). MP at 20 degrees C with KH-1.25 mM CaCl(2) resulted in better quality liver preservation, improving hepatocyte and endothelial biliary cell survival, in comparison with cold storage. This raises the need to reconsider the temperature and calcium levels to be used during liver MP.
535. Halogeno-1,4-dioxans and their derivatives. Part III. Interaction of trans-2,3-dichloro-1,4-dioxan and amines (1964)

L. A. Cort and N. R. Francis, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 2799 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640002799
Electronic transport properties of Sr1−xLaxTiO3 ceramics (1996)

The electrical conductivity of Sr1−xLaxTiO3 ceramics (x≤0.4) and single crystals (x≤0.1) was investigated in the temperature range between 19 and 1673 K. The mobility was calculated from the carrier concentration, n, which was determined by Hall measurements as well as by a chemical Ti3+ titration. The mobility of the single crystals agrees well with a model originally developed for undoped strontium titanate. At low T and high n scattering by ionized donor centers predominates. Above room-temperature phonon scattering becomes predominant. Sr1−xLaxTiO3 ceramics follow the same model, but only if they had been previously reduced in water-free and oxygen-free hydrogen atmospheres. The behavior during the reducing and cooling process can be explained by a defect chemical model, using a set of constants developed in a former work. However, reduced in water saturated hydrogen the conductivity at low T decreases by decades compared to single-crystal data and cannot be explained anymore by the above-mentioned models. In conjunction with impedance spectroscopy experiments it was found, that in this case the electrical behavior of the ceramics is completely governed by grain-boundary phenomena. These high-ohmic grain boundaries may be depletion layers, which are formed or annihilated depending on the conditions of the preceding high-temperature process.
Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Constituents from a Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis) Dietary Supplement Ingredient As Markers for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis (2017)

Bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of a commercially available maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) extract used in botanical dietary supplement products led to the isolation of 16 compounds, including one phenolic molecule, 1, discovered for the first time from a natural source, along with several known compounds, 2-16, including three substances not reported previously in A. chilensis, 2, 14, and 15. Each isolate was characterized by detailed analysis of NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data and tested for their in vitro hydroxyl radical scavenging and quinone-reductase inducing biological activities. A sensitive and accurate LC-DAD-MS method for the quantitative determination of the occurrence of six bioactive compounds, 6, 7, 10-12, and 14, was developed and validated using maqui berry isolates purified in the course of this study as authentic standards. The method presented can be utilized for dereplication efforts in future natural product research projects or to evaluate chemical markers for quality assurance and batch-to-batch standardization of this botanical dietary supplement component.
Lymphatic drainage and tumour prevalence in the breast: a statistical analysis of symmetry, gender and node field independence (2011)

Current understanding of the lymphatics draining the breast is controversial, despite its known importance in the spread of breast cancer. Similarly, knowledge regarding the spatial distribution of primary tumours in the breast is limited. This study sought to test commonly held assumptions in this field, including: (i) that breast lymphatic drainage and tumour prevalence are symmetric between the left and right sides of the body, (ii) that males and females have the same drainage patterns and tumour prevalences, and (iii) that lymphatic drainage in the breast occurs independently to different node fields. This study has used lymphoscintigraphy data from 2304 breast cancer patients treated at the RPAH Medical Centre, Sydney, Australia. Symmetry of lymphatic drainage and tumour distribution as well as gender differences were tested using Fisher's exact test. Drainage independence was assessed using Fisher's exact test, and a multivariate probit model was used to test for drainage correlations. Results showed that the breasts are likely to have symmetric lymphatic drainage and tumour prevalence, and that there is no significant difference between males and females. Furthermore, results showed that direct lymphatic drainage of the breasts is likely to be independent between node fields. Collectively, these results serve to further our understanding of lymphatic anatomy and the distribution of tumours in the breast.
Prophage Induction in Escherichia coli (Lambda) by N-Nitrosamines (1975)

Carcinogenic N-nitrosamines were tested for their ability to induce λ in a lysogenic strain of Escherichia coli K-12 (58-161 F+). Dimethylnitrosamine, di-n-propylnitrosamine, methyl-n-propylnitrosamine, and N-nitrosopiperidine were shown to be inducers of prophage.
Solubility Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Saline Aquifers (2015)

This study presents some theoretical results on the effects of capillary transition zone and aquifer background flow on the mass transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a stationary plume of CO2 into formation brine and also provides a perspective on the progress in modeling and experimental observations of physical aspects of CO2 dissolution in deep saline aquifers. One of the main focuses of this study is to mathematically analyze the behavior of CO2 convective dissolution in the absence and presence of a capillary transition zone and to investigate its impact on the onset of natural convection and subsequent convective mixing. Through performing a linear stability analysis, suitable criteria are developed that predict the onset of convection and initial wavelength of the instabilities as a function of system parameters. The instability problem is characterized by capillary-dominant and buoyancydominant regimes with a transition in between. It is shown that capillarity plays a strong role in destabilizing the diffusive boundary layer in the capillary-dominant regime, while it is negligible in the buoyancy-dominant regime. Using direct numerical simulations, key features of the two-phase convective mixing are described and several global quantities, such as the total CO2 dissolution, Sherwood number, swelling factor, and interface velocity are measured. The significant effect of the capillary transition zone on the dissolution of CO2 under a buoyant plume in saline aquifers is explained; and, the link between the capillary transition zone and the volume change, due to CO2 dissolution and the interface velocity over the mixing process, is demonstrated. Another focus of this study is to develop mathematical models that capture the evolution of the CO2 dissolution in aquifers subject to background flows in the absence and presence of natural convection. Using the semi-analytical solution and direct numerical simulations, detailed behavior of background flow on the dissolution and transport of CO2 during its geostorage in saline aquifers, which include the processes of diffusion, advection, and free convection. The findings of this study provide further insight into the understanding of solubility trapping physical features and the long-term fate of the injected CO2 in deep saline aquifers.
Damage Behaviour of Target Materials Caused by Subsonic to Hypervelocity Particle Impact (2003)

The aim of this paper is to investigate fundamental damage behaviour of metallic materials such as aluminum, carbon steel and titanium, which have typically different crystal structures, by the single impact from low velocity to hypervelocity. Impact tests by a WC ball were performed on the three metallic materials at various impact velocities and at normal angle. Both two-stage light gas gun and ordinary air gas gun were used in this study. Indentation shapes on a cross-sectional surface and the ratios of crater diameter and depth to the diameter of the WC ball were examined. Three modes were recognized in indentation configurations independent of the type of materials. Average contact pressure, which was obtained by the impact energy divided by indentation volume, showed not only a mechanical property of the target material during the impact process but also fracture strength of the projectile. A single particle impact test at a shallow impact angle and at a hypervelocity showed huge material removal even if its single impact and suggested the difference in mechanism of the material removal between subsonic and hypervelocity impacts.
An analysis of toe-to-heel air injection for heavy oil production using machine learning (2020)

With strong potential for improving productivity, economics, and efficiencies, data analytics and machine learning are rapidly emerging in the oil and gas industry. However, their application in heavy oil production is scarce. In this study, we use clustering methods to analyze the Kerrobert Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) project to understand the inter-relationships of production variables and seek for optimal operating strategy to maximize production rate. More specifically, we use the K-means, normal mixtures and hierarchical clustering methods to determine how operating parameters contribute to oil production. The results reveal that, at current operation mode, air injection rate is constrained for production maximization due to the balance between heat generation and cooling of combustion system by excess air supply. The results also provide insight for improved productivity from THAI suggesting that cyclic injection may improve process performance. The new insights demonstrate that data analytics can provide new understanding of recovery processes as well as potential process improvement.
Dynamics of Radical Ions of Hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl-Substituted Benzenes (2017)

Fluorination of resist materials is an effective method used to enhance the energy deposition of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light in the fabrication of next-generation semiconductor devices. The dynamics of radical ions are important to understand when considering the radiation-chemistry of the resist materials using EUV and electron beam lithography. Here, the dynamics of the radical anions and cations of benzenes with one or two 2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl groups (HFABs) were studied using radiolysis techniques. The formation of dimer radical cations was observed only in the monosubstituted benzene solutions of 1,2-dichloroethane. If the compound contained more than two substituents, it was found to hinder the necessary π-π overlapping. Pulse radiolysis of HFABs in tetrahydrofuran showed a characteristic spectral shift of the radical anion within the region of several hundred nanoseconds. From the results of low-temperature spectroscopy and density functional calculations, it is suggested that excess electrons of the 2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl group of the radical anions cause dissociation into neutral radicals.
EFFECT OF IMMUNOSTIM PLUS - A STANDARDIZED FIXED COMBINATION OF SCHIZANDRA CHINENSIS WITH ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS EXTRACTS ON GRANULOCYTE ACTIVITY AND TUMOUR ANGIOGENESIS IN MICE (2004)

The in vivo effect of fructus Schizandra and radix Eleutherococci combined extracts on various parameters of granulocyte activity in Balb/c mice were studied. The activation of respiratory burst, measured by colorimetric assay (RBA) and chemiluminescence test (CL), and activation of phagocytic activity of granulocytes (PKA test) were observed in the mice fed 300, 600 or 1200 µcg per day of the extract for 7 d. In mice receiving the extract for 3 d after the subcutaneous grafting of syngeneic L-1 sarcoma cells a diminished neovascular response, induced by transplanted cells (TIA test), was found.
<b>AEQUORIN-CALCIUM TRANSIENTS IN MAMMALIAN FAST AND SLOW MUSCLE </b><b>FIBERS </b> (1985)

The aequorin-Ca2+ transient evoked by depolarizing clamp pulses was faster in the fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscle than in the slow twitch soleus muscle of the rat at temperatures examined (15-40°C). The Q10 of the decay time constants were 2.3 and 2.1 for the e.d.l. and soleus, respectively. The potential-amplitude relation of the Ca2+ transient in both muscles was sigmoid and tended to plateau at around +50 mV. The maximum amplitude evoked by strong and long pulses was greater in the e.d.l. than in the soleus. The Ca2+ transients in both muscles could be evoked in Ca2+-free (EGTA) Ringer, indicating that the Ca2+ transient is caused by Ca2+ released from intracellular stores. During a prolonged depolarization, Ca2+ transients gradually declined in both muscles due probably to inactivation of the excitation-Ca2+ release coupling process. The decline was faster in the e.d.l. than in the soleus. After denervation, the Ca2+ transients in diaphragm muscle became slower in parallel with a slowing of contraction time. It is concluded that the difference in the time course of the Ca2+ transient is a factor responsible for the difference in contraction time in mammalian muscles.
Plaque Removing Effect of a Convex‐Shaped Brush Compared with a Conventional Flat Brush (1987)

The plaque-removing effect of a convex-shaped multitufted brush was compared with that of a conventional flat multitufted brush. Two group (five and seven dental students, respectively), well instructed in the modified Bass technique, participated in a blind, splitmouth, crossover study during two consecutive experimental periods of 96 hours of undisturbed plaque growth. After each of these periods, a supervised brushing session was performed, followed by toothpick utilization. Plaque removal was evaluated using the modified Navy Plaque Index (MNPI) and planimetry. A 4% erythrosin solution was used as a disclosing agent. Planimetrically, the flat Oral B brush appeared significantly more effective than the convex shaped Ph brush (P less than 0.001). This superiority was even enhanced after the use of toothpicks (P less than 0.0005). The differences between the brushes, however, were too small to be detected by the less discriminating MNPI. Although it has been claimed that the convex brush could assure approximal plaque control, the results indicate that for the convex-shaped, as well as for the flat brush, an approximal aid is essential for good plaque control. The hypothesis that the design of the convex-shaped brush could facilitate the modified Bass technique for the average patient could not be proven in this study.
VEGF-C regulates lymphangiogenesis and capillary stability by regulation of PDGF-B (2009)

Emerging evidence indicates that the tight communication between vascular endothelial cells and mural cells using platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is essential for capillary stabilization during the angiogenic process. However, little is known about the related regulator that determines PDGF-BB expression. Using murine models of therapeutic neovascularization, we here show that a typical lymphangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, is an essential regulator determining PDGF-BB expression for vascular stabilization via a paracrine mode of action. The blockade of VEGF type 3 receptor (VEGFR3) using neutralizing antibody AFL-4 abrogated FGF-2-mediated limb salvage and blood flow recovery in severely ischemic hindlimb. Interestingly, inhibition of VEGFR3 activity not only diminished lymphangiogenesis, but induced marked dilatation of capillary vessels, showing mural cell dissociation. In these mice, VEGF-C and PDGF-B were upregulated in the later phase after induced ischemia, on day 7, when exogenous FGF-2 expression had already declined, and blockade of VEGFR3 or PDGF-BB activities diminished PDGF-B or VEGF-C expression, respectively. These results clearly indicate that VEGF-C is a critical mediator, not only for lymphangiogenesis, but also for capillary stabilization, the essential molecular mechanism of communication between endothelial cells and mural cells during neovascularization.
Cyclopropylmethyl Protection of Phenols: Total Synthesis of the Resveratrol Dimers Anigopreissin A and Resveratrol–Piceatannol Hybrid (2018)

We demonstrate the versatile use of the cyclopropylmethyl group to protect phenols through the total synthesis of two benzofuran-based natural products, that is, anigopreissin A and the resveratrol-piceatannol hybrid. This protecting group is a good alternative to the conventional methyl group, owing to the feasibility of introduction, stability under a variety of conditions, and its relative ease of removal under different acidic conditions.
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not secrete protease that cleaves the MUC2 mucin which organises the colon mucus (2010)

The colon epithelium is covered by two layers of mucus built around the MUC2 mucin. An inner dense and attached mucus layer does not allow bacteria to penetrate, thus keeping the epithelial cell surface free from bacteria. An outer loose mucus layer is the habitat for the commensal bacterial microbiota. The inner mucus layer is renewed from the epithelial side and gets converted into the outer layer due to proteolytic cleavages by host proteases. We have now analysed if potential probiotic bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium lactis, can secrete protease that cleaves the MUC2 mucin. We found that none of the potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium could cleave the MUC2 core protein in the form of recombinant MUC2 N and C-termini although they secreted active proteases. This was in contrast to crude mixtures of oral and faecal bacteria that cleaved the MUC2 mucin. This observation further supports the view that these potential probiotic bacteria are of no harm to the host, as these bacteria cannot disrupt the mucin organised mucus as long as they are covered by glycans.
In-Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Adsorption Processes on Boehmite Particle Films:  Exchange of Surface Hydroxyl Groups Observed upon Chelation by Acetylacetone (2004)

Adsorption processes on poorly crystalline boehmite (PCB) particle films have been studied using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. This method allows the in-situ investigation of wet surface chemical processes. Thin films of aggregated particles of PCB that are stable between pH 4 and 11 have been prepared by drying aqueous PCB dispersions. Carbonate adsorbs to the PCB films during the film formation process but can be removed without impact on the film by washing with alkali at pH 10. The adsorption of acetylacetone (acac) to the surface of PCB has been studied at the solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces. The concomitant changes in the OH deformations of hydroxyl groups present on the surface has been observed. The IR absorption of surface hydroxyl groups involved in adsorption of a bidentate chelating ligand have been spectroscopically isolated through their interaction with acac.
High Nitrogen Steels. Nitrogen Addition to bcc-Fe. (1996)

High pressure melting was used to increase the nitrogen concentration in iron-carbon alloys. Nitrogen concentration in the alloys followed Sieverts' Law. Increasing the carbon concentration decreased the nitrogen concentration. Alloy concentrations above approximately 0.5 wt% nitrogen and carbon resulted in stabilizing the austenitic phase and eliminated the formation of nitrides and carbides.
[Hairpin probes for teal-time assay of restriction endonucleases]. (2002)

New fluorogenic probes for restriction endonucleases based on molecular beacons were developed. These hairpin probes were single-stranded oligonucleotides that had stem-and-loop structure and carried 5'- fluorophor moiety and 3'-quencher moiety. Their stem sequences were designed as recognition sites for restriction endonucleases and loop sequences were unrelated nucleotides. Upon cleavage by endonuclease, these probes became fluorescent and thus could trace the enzyme activity continuously. Two probes were designed for BglII and NcoI, respectively, and each was labeled with a fluorophor of different color. The results showed that the two probes could specifically assay for the corresponding enzymes either individually or simultaneously in a real-time mode. Considering the simplicity, quantification and high throughput, these probes could be extended to other applications such as drug screening, protein-nucleic acid interaction study and searching for small molecule DNA cleavage agents.
Assessment of RANS Models for 3-D Flow Analysis of SMART (2004)

Turbulence models are separately assessed for a three dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis of the integral reactor SMART. Seven models (mixing length, k-l, standard , RRSM, and ERRSM) are investigated for flat plate channel flow, rotating channel flow, and square sectioned U-bend duct flow. The results of these models are compared to the DNS data and experiment data. The results are assessed in terms of many aspects such as economical efficiency, accuracy, theorization, and applicability. The standard model (high Reynolds model), the model, and the ERRSM (low Reynolds models) are selected from the assessment results. The standard model using small grid numbers predicts the channel flow with higher accuracy in comparison with the other eddy viscosity models in the logarithmic layer. The elliptic-relaxation type models, , and ERRSM have the advantage of application to complex geometries and show good prediction for near wall flows.