gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference of poly(ethylene glycol)–lipid analogues with cationic-lipid-mediated delivery of oligonucleotides; role of lipid exchangeability and non-lamellar transitions (2002)

Cationic liposomes are applied to transfer oligonucleotides (ODNs) into cells to regulate gene expression for gene therapeutic or cell biological purposes. In vivo, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipid derivatives are employed to stabilize and prolong the circulation lifetime of nucleic acid-containing particles, and to improve targeting strategies. In this study, we have studied the effects of PEG-lipid analogues, i.e. PEG coupled to either phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or ceramide, on cationic-lipid-DNA complex ('lipoplex') assembly and the mechanism of cationic-lipid-mediated delivery of ODNs in vitro. Inclusion of 10 mol% PEG-PE in ODN lipoplexes inhibited their internalization in Chinese hamster ovary cells by more than 70%. The intracellular fraction remained entrapped in the endosomal/lysosomal pathway, and no release of ODNs was apparent. Similar observations were made for complexes prepared from liposomes that contained PEG-ceramides. Interestingly, delivery resumed when lipoplexes had been externally coated with PEG-ceramides. In this case, the kinetics of delivery were dependent on the length of the ceramide acyl chain, consistent with a requirement for the PEG-lipid to dissociate from the complex. Moreover, although the chemical nature of the PEG-ceramides distinctly affected the net internalization of the complexes, impediment of delivery was largely related to an inhibitory effect of the PEG-lipid on the release of ODNs from the endosomal compartment. Cryo-electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the PEG-lipids stabilize the lamellar phase of the lipoplexes, while their acyl-chain-length-dependent transfer from the complex enables adaptation of the hexagonal phase. Within the endosomal compartment, this transition appears to be instrumental in causing the dissociation and cytosolic release of the ODNs for their nuclear homing.
Giant negative magnetoresistance in Ni(quinoline-8-selenoate)2 (2017)

The magnetic, structural, conductivity and magnetoresistance properties of [Ni(quinoline-8-selenoate)<sub>2</sub>] ([Ni(qs)<sub>2</sub>]) have been studied. Despite the insolubility of the material necessitating its study as a powdered sample, a remarkably high conductivity has been measured. The conductivity is an order of magnitude greater than the thin-film processable thiol analogue previously reported and has been interpreted through the same space-charge limited conduction mechanism with charges injected from the electrodes. The introduction of selenium, results in a material with conductivity approaching metallic due to the enhanced interaction between adjacent molecules. Additionally, under an applied magnetic field, the material displays a negative magnetoresistance effect above 35% at 2 K. The effect can still be observed at 200 K and is interpreted in terms of a double-exchange mechanism.
Cholinergic imbalance in the multiple sclerosis hippocampus (2011)

Hippocampal pathology was shown to be extensive in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with memory impairment. In this post-mortem study, we investigated hippocampal tissue from MS and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and compared these to non-neurological controls. By means of biochemical assessment, (immuno)histochemistry and western blot analyses, we detected substantial alterations in the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the MS hippocampus, which were different from those in AD hippocampus. In MS hippocampus, activity and protein expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, was decreased, while the activity and protein expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the acetylcholine degrading enzyme, was found to be unaltered. In contrast, in AD hippocampus both ChAT and AChE enzyme activity and protein expression was decreased. Our findings reveal an MS-specific cholinergic imbalance in the hippocampus, which may be instrumental in terms of future treatment options for memory problems in this disease.
Shorter Axial Length and Increased Astigmatic Refractive Error are Associated With Socio-Economic Deprivation in an Adult UK Cohort (2010)

Axial length and astigmatic refraction were inversely associated with socio-economic deprivation in this population. Identification of the environmental exposures involved may identify reversible risk factors for impaired vision.
A validated liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry method for quantification of spilanthol in Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. (2010)

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of HPLC-esiMS for quantitative and qualitative analysis of spilanthol. We show that spilanthol is effectively extracted in ethanol, and is stable in ethanol extracts for over 6 months, even at room temperature.
Fibrillar type I collagens enhance platelet-dependent thrombin generation via glycoprotein VI with direct support of α2β1 but not αIIbβ3 integrin (2005)

The role of collagens and collagen receptors was investigated in stimulating platelet-dependent thrombin generation. Fibrillar type-I collagens, including collagen from human heart, were most potent in enhancing thrombin generation, in a way dependent on exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the platelet surface. Soluble, non-fibrillar type-I collagen required pre-activation of integrin alpha2beta1 with Mn2+ for enhancement of thrombin generation. With all preparations, blocking of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) with 9O12 antibody abrogated the collagen-enhanced thrombin generation, regardless of the alpha2beta 1 activation state. Blockade of alpha2beta1 alone or antagonism of autocrine thromboxane A2 and ADP were less effective. Blockade of alphaIIbbeta3 with abciximab suppressed thrombin generation in platelet-rich plasma, but this did not abolish the enhancing effect of collagens. The high activity of type-I fibrillar collagens in stimulating GPVI-dependent procoagulant activity was confirmed in whole-blood flow studies, showing that these collagens induced relatively high expression of PS. Together, these results indicate that: i) fibrillar type-I collagen greatly enhances thrombin generation, ii) GPVI-induced platelet activation is principally responsible for the procoagulant activity of fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens, iii) alpha2beta1 and signaling via autocrine mediators facilitate and amplify this GPVI activity, and iv) alphaIIbbeta3 is not directly involved in the collagen effect.
On the Use of Auxetics in Footwear: Investigating the Effect of Padding and Padding Material on Forefoot Pressure in High Heels (2017)

Although high heels are known to affect the biomechanics of human movement, most notably by increasing forefoot plantar pressure, it is commonly worn due to the influence of fashion. To deal with the resulting clinical issues, some prescriptions include the use of cushioning pads to redistribute the plantar loads and increase comfort. This preliminary study has sought to investigate whether auxetic foam would be a good candidate for the redistribution of plantar loafing in the forefoot when compared to a more traditional material. From the results obtained, it was shown that auxetic foam demonstrated a decrease in forefoot peak plantar pressure while a commercial product, a material traditionally used for plantar cover paddings, increased pressure in the region of the second–fourth Metatarsophalangeal Joint. This demonstrates the potential for auxetic materials to become the material of choice for such applications, especially since it can be further remodeled until its properties can produce a significant forefoot pressure reduction.
Realization of a class of compensators by modulated-demodulated structures with application in tracking of biased sinusoids (2013)

We derive conditions under which a modulated-demodulated control system is equivalent to a linear-time-invariant (LTI) transfer function. A design strategy is proposed to realize any LTI compensator with non-repeated complex poles by a modulated-demodulated structure. We also propose two different approaches for tracking of biased sinusoidal reference signals in a modulated-demodulated control system. Tracking and disturbance rejection performances of the proposed methods are evaluated and compared by simulations performed on a non-minimum-phase marginally stable plant.
An elementary research on wireless transmission of holographic 3D moving pictures (2009)

In this paper, a transmitting process of a sequence of holograms describing 3D moving objects over the communicating wireless-network system is presented. A sequence of holograms involves holograms is transformed into a bit stream data, and then it is transmitted over the wireless LAN and Bluetooth. It is shown that applying this technique, holographic data of 3D moving object is transmitted in high quality and a relatively good reconstruction of holographic images is performed.
Genomic diversity and versatility of Lactobacillus plantarum, a natural metabolic engineer (2011)

In the past decade it has become clear that the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum occupies a diverse range of environmental niches and has an enormous diversity in phenotypic properties, metabolic capacity and industrial applications. In this review, we describe how genome sequencing, comparative genome hybridization and comparative genomics has provided insight into the underlying genomic diversity and versatility of L. plantarum. One of the main features appears to be genomic life-style islands consisting of numerous functional gene cassettes, in particular for carbohydrates utilization, which can be acquired, shuffled, substituted or deleted in response to niche requirements. In this sense, L. plantarum can be considered a "natural metabolic engineer".
Enhancing Sternal Closure Using Kryptonite Bone Adhesive (2011)

A novel approach to enhance the mechanical stability of primary sternal closure is described. An osteoconductive bone adhesive is used to augment conventional wire cerclage. More than 30 patients have undergone primary sternal closure using Kryptonite bone adhesive. All patients recovered well with no adverse side effects or adhesive-associated complications. Adhesive-enhanced sternal closure may accelerate functional recovery after sternotomy, improve early outcomes and prevent major sternal complications such as deep sternal wound infection and dehiscence. The technique is simple, safe, and expedient.
A new reciprocity calibration method for massive MIMO systems (2016)

Reciprocity calibration is one of the major practical challenges for massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems operating in Time-Division Duplexing (TDD) mode. A new reciprocity calibration method is studied in this paper which can increase the system performance and also support online calibration. Firstly, a test device (TD) is used to send pilots to the base station (BS) to obtain the uplink (UL) channel state information (CSI). Secondly, the BS sends pilots to the TD to get the downlink (DL) CSI. Thirdly, the DL CSI is transmitted to the BS via the Internet and the calibration coefficient is calculated. Finally, by multiplying the calibration coefficient with the UL CSI from the user equipment (UE), the reciprocity calibration is performed. A simulation based on the experimental measurement results shows that the performance of our proposed method is improved significantly compared to the existing relative calibration methods.
Thermophysical Behavior of Micro Void in μ-Via of Microelectronic Substrate during Reliability Test (2007)

The μ-via in microelectronic substrate should have multiple purposes, one of them is to allow to the path of signal or current from electronic devices. The micro void can be easily formed in μ-via because μ-vias are filled with a screen printing process and the size of via is small. The residual void has been known as crack initiation of copper layer during a reliability test. The solder resist filling process and the behavior of a residual void in μ-vias were investigated. The void extraction process was very effective comparing with the conventional process to remove a residual void. As extracted with 1.5 atm for more than 30 sec, the residual void in μ-BVH was perfectly eliminated.
[The correlation of psychosocial stress and disease activity in patients with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis]. (1988)

The following study examines the correlation of psychosocial stress and disease activity in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. 70 patients with Crohn's disease and 44 patients with ulcerative colitis took part in this study. Using an inventory for the registration of life-changing events, psychosocial life-events of the last 24 months were inquired. The disease activity was registered by an activity index created for this particular purpose. Due to the formulation of the question, pure subjective data were not considered. With regard to the social data, the two samples can very well be compared with other epidemiological studies. For the group of Crohn-patients, a significant correlation between psychosocial stress and a subsequent increased disease activity was demonstrated. Surprisingly, the group of patients with ulcerative colitis did not show this correlation.
SARCOPLASMIC ENZYMES AS POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF HEATING ENDPOINTS IN MEAT PRODUCTS (1996)

ABSTRACT Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella have raised concerns about the safety of prepared meats. The USDA‐FSIS has responded by requiring safe handling labels on fresh meat products, increased surveillance of prepared meat products, higher heating endpoint temperatures and has proposed to declare E. coli O157:H7 an adulterant. As a result, accurate and rapid methods for monitoring prepared meats to ensure pathogen destruction are required. Enzymes and proteins play an essential role as diagnostic tools and monitoring devices for food components and contaminants. The application of enzyme techniques or other protein identification procedures could verify if sufficient heat has been applied to meat products to destroy pathogens. Several enzymes from various muscles have been screened for loss activity within the range of processing temperatures deemed safe. Enzyme candidates from bovine, porcine and avian muscles which could likely be developed into rapid enzyme or immunoassays are discussed.
Synthesis of Some Linear Benzochromanones (1963)

A series of 8-substituted 6,7-benzochromanones has been prepared by cyclization of the corresponding 3-(1-X-2-naphthy1oxy)propionic acids (X = CH3, 0CH3, Br, NO2) with polyphosphoric acid. Direct cyclization of the related 3-(1-X-2-naphthyloxy)propionitriles (X = CH3, OCH3, Br, NO2) with sulphuric acid was successful only with X = Br, NO2. An improved synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-naphthol is reported.
Photooxidation of Amino Acids and Proteins Mediated by Novel 1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives (2003)

The ground- and excited-state interactions of N-(2-ethanoic acid)-1,8-naphthalimide (NI-ala), along with tryptophan and tyrosine-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives (NI-trp and NI-tyr), with amino acids and native proteins have been studied in aqueous buffered solution. The singlet excited state of NI-ala reacts with the aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine with a rate constant at or exceeding the diffusion-controlled limit. Reactivity with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme was also demonstrated. However, in all cases, no long-lived redox products were observed from the singlet state quenching. The reactivity of the triplet excited state of NI-ala with the individual amino acids and proteins was studied using laser flash photolysis. Triplet-state reactivity was demonstrated with tryptophan and tyrosine, along with BSA and lysozyme proteins. In the case of tryptophan, tyrosine, and lysozyme, long-lived redox products were observed and quantified. Neutral tryptophan and tyrosyl radicals were observed by transient spectroscopy as quenching products. Upon photolysis of all three 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives, both cleavage and cross-linking of the lysozyme are observed. These studies have identified the potential oxidative targets in native proteins and demonstrated the utility of our naphthalimide derivatives to photomodify native proteins.
Dectin-1-Mediated Pathway Contributes to Fusarium proliferatum-Induced CXCL-8 Release from Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells (2017)

<i>Fusarium</i> species are causative agents of human respiratory disorders and are distributed widely in our environment. Little is known of their interaction with human respiratory epithelial cells, which may contribute to allergic airway responses. In this study, we report on the release of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8) from human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells upon stimulation with <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> extracts. <i>F. proliferatum</i>-induced cytokine release from BEAS-2B cells was determined by cytokine array and CXCL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Blocking antibodies and signaling pathway inhibitors were employed to delineate cell surface receptors and signaling pathways participating in CXCL-8 release. <i>F. proliferatum</i> extracts induced the release of CXCL-8 in a time-dependent manner. The dectin-1 receptor ligands, curdlan and laminarin, reduced CXCL-8 release. Cells pre-treated with anti-Dectin-1 antibodies (2 µg/mL) decreased CXCL-8 release by 24%. Furthermore, <i>F. proliferatum</i>-stimulated CXCL-8 release was reduced by 32%, 53%-81%, 40% and 26% after BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with activation inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-piceatannol-, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-PD98059, U0126, SB202190, SP600125-, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-LY294002-and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-BAY117082-, respectively. These results suggest that Dectin-1-mediated activation of the Syk, MAPKs, PI3K and NF-κB signaling pathways contributes to <i>F. proliferatum</i>-stimulated CXCL-8 release from BEAS-2B cells and provides an important basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies in clinical allergy.
100 NM Thick Aluminum Nitrade Based Piezoelectric Nano Switches Exhibiting 1 MV Threshold Voltage via Body-Biasing (2010)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of aluminum nitride (AIN) piezoelectric logic switches that were fabricated with ultra-thin (100nm) AIN films and exhibit a 1 mV threshold voltage via the body-biasing scheme. The application of a relatively low (&lt; 6 V) fixed potential to the body terminal of a 4-terminal switch has been cycled to &gt; 109 cycles and, although the contact resistance was found to be high (~ 1 MΩ), the nano-films have functioned throughout to show high piezoelectric nano-film reliability.
Electrically pumped hybrid plasmonic waveguide (2014)

Active plasmonic waveguiding has become a key requirement for designing and implementing nanophotonic devices. We study theoretically the performance of an Au/GaSb-based, metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure acting as a hybrid electrically pumped waveguide with gain. The surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) mode supported by this configuration is analyzed in the third telecommunication window and discussed in detail. Changes in the effective mode index, confinement factor and effective mode area are illustrated for different core widths and layer thicknesses. Electrical behavior of the MIS junction is analyzed using a self-consistent numerical technique and used to study variations in the material and model gains within the semiconducting region of the device. Our results indicate the possibility of achieving low loss SPP propagation while maintaining a strong field confinement.
Bacteroides buccae and related taxa in necrotic root canal infections (1986)

Fifty-seven adults with apical periodontitis were examined for the presence of nonpigmented Bacteroides species in 62 infected root canals. Nonpigmented Bacteroides species were found in 35 canals. In four cases two nonpigmented Bacteroides species and in one case three nonpigmented Bacteroides species were found. Species belonging to the B. fragilis group were not isolated. The most frequently isolated species were B. buccae (15 strains), B. oris (12 strains), and B. oralis (7 strains). alpha-Fucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-xylosidase appeared to be useful in the identification of B. buccae and B. oris. Corroding Bacteroides species were not found; all corroding strains were identified as Wolinella recta. The occurrence of nonpigmented Bacteroides species was compared with the severity of the periapical infection. A total of 13 B. buccae strains were found in acute infections and only 2 strains were found in asymptomatic infections, whereas other nonpigmented Bacteroides species were present in acutely infected and asymptomatic teeth with nearly equal frequency. Ultrastructural study of 13 B. buccae strains showed that 8 strains had a crystalline proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) outside the outer membrane, but all 13 strains had areas of crystalline protein throughout in the outer membrane. The results suggest that B. buccae may have a specific role in the development of an acute opportunistic infection.
Web-based similarity for emotion recognition in web objects (2016)

In this project we propose a new approach for emotion recognition using web-based similarity (e.g. confidence, PMI and PMING). We aim to extract basic emotions from short sentences with emotional content (e.g. news titles, tweets, captions), performing a web-based quantitative evaluation of semantic proximity between each word of the analyzed sentence and each emotion of a psychological model (e.g. Plutchik, Ekman, Lovheim). The phases of the extraction include: text preprocessing (tokenization, stop words, filtering), search engine automated query, HTML parsing of results (i.e. scraping), estimation of semantic proximity, ranking of emotions according to proximity measures. The main idea is that, since it is possible to generalize semantic similarity under the assumption that similar concepts co-occur in documents indexed in search engines, therefore also emotions can be generalized in the same way, through tags or terms that express them in a particular language, ranking emotions. Training results are compared to human evaluation, then additional comparative tests on results are performed, both for the global ranking correlation (e.g. Kendall, Spearman, Pearson) both for the evaluation of the emotion linked to each single word. Different from sentiment analysis, our approach works at a deeper level of abstraction, aiming to recognize specific emotions and not only the positive/negative sentiment, in order to predict emotions as semantic data.
A High-Speed CMOS Image Sensor with Global Electronic Shutter Pixels Using Pinned Diodes (2009)

This paper describes a high-speed CMOS image sensor with a new type of global electronic shutter pixel. A global electronic shutter is necessary for imaging fast-moving objects without motion blur or distortion. The proposed pixel has two potential wells with pinned diode structure for two-stage charge transfer that enables a global electronic shuttering and reset noise canceling.A prototype high-speed image sensor fabricated in 0.18μm standard CMOS image sensor process consists of the proposed pixel array, 12-bit column-parallel cyclic ADC arrays and 192-channel digital outputs. The sensor achieves a good linearity at low-light intensity, demonstrating the perfect charge transfer between two pinned diodes. The input referred noise of the proposed pixel is measured to be 6.3 e-.