gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals (1983)

Nosocomial outbreaks of rotaviral gastroenteritis are a common occurrence. Although proper disinfection practices in the hospital environment are considered to be important in the prevention and control of such outbreaks, very little information has been available on the rotavirus-inactivating capacity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics commonly used in hospitals. In view of this, 11 such products were selected and screened for their capacity to bring about at least a 3 log10 reduction in the plaque titre of rotavirus SA-11 after a contact time of 1-30 min. Consept "D" (1:100), D.R.X. (1:80), Dustbane Germicidal (1:80), Hibitane, and Wescodyne (1:200) were found to be ineffective under these test conditions even in the absence of an added organic load. The virucidal capacity of Savlon (1:200) and Zephiran was completely neutralized when single-strength tryptose phosphate broth was added to the virus-disinfectant mixture to simulate an organic load. Cidex (2% acid glutaraldehyde), Proviodine (10% solution of povidone-iodine), Septisol (0.75% hexachlorophene), and Sana Rinse (70% isopropylalcohol, 0.1% hexachlorophene) were able to produce at least a 3 log10 (99.9%) reduction in the virus plaque titre even in the presence of added organic matter. These findings should be of help in the prevention and control of outbreaks of rotaviral diarrhea in the hospital environment.
<title>Structural and mechanical properties of evaporated pure and mixed MgF<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>-BaF<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> thin films</title> (1999)

To grow dense and hard MgF<SUB>2</SUB> films substrate temperatures of about 300 degrees C are required, which unfortunately leads to high tensile film stress and the ability of crack formation. Lowering tensile stress in MgF<SUB>2</SUB> films can be achieved by admixture a second fluoride material of higher cation radius than Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>. While former investigation were performed with non-heated films the purpose of the present work was to verify the behavior of mixed films when deposited at elevated substrate temperatures. One of the promising add material is BaF<SUB>2</SUB> which enables evaporation of appropriate pre-mixed materials from a single source. The BaF<SUB>2</SUB> content in the mixed films was varied from 3 to 55 mol percent in the MgF<SUB>2</SUB> host. Optical, mechanical, and structural properties of samples deposited at different substrate temperatures have been studied by spectral photometry, IR spectroscopy, ex situ measurement of mechanical stress, x-ray diffraction, and -reflectometry, RBS, as well as investigation of surface morphology.
Runtime Energy versus Quality Tuning in Motion Compensation Filters for HEVC (2016)

International audience
Supplementary Data 1 from Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III/IV Melanoma: 5-Year Efficacy and Biomarker Results from CheckMate 238 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DATA SUPPLEMENT Adjuvant Nivolumab Versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III/IV Melanoma: 5-Year Efficacy and Biomarker Results From CheckMate 238&lt;/p&gt;
Universal Critical Behavior of Noisy Coupled Oscillators (2004)

We study the universal thermodynamic properties of systems consisting of many coupled oscillators operating in the vicinity of a homogeneous oscillating instability. In the thermodynamic limit, the Hopf bifurcation is a dynamic critical point far from equilibrium described by a statistical field theory. We perform a perturbative renormalization group study, and show that at the critical point a generic relation between correlation and response functions appears. At the same time, the fluctuation-dissipation relation is strongly violated.
CNS myelinogenesis in vitro: Time course and pattern of rat oligodendrocyte development (1995)

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells that develop into myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS) were cultured from newborn rat brain to study how they proliferate and differentiate in normal conditioning medium, and their cell development was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and immunocytochemical studies. We have identified A2B5-negative pre-O2A progenitor cells (so-called "type-1" oligodendrocytes) in the secondary cultures on the astrocyte feeder layer. These cells are very small (diameter: 3.5 microns), round, and glossy, and develop into the process-bearing O2A progenitor cells (called "type-2" oligodendrocytes), which also express myelin basic protein (MBP) both in the cell body and in their cell processes. Finally, they develop into mature oligodendrocytes (called "type-3" oligodendrocytes). After MBP expression is elicited in these cells and MBP accumulates in the cell process in the area in contact with the axon, these cells are capable of forming the myelin sheath. Therefore, we examined the mechanism of myelin-sheath formation of "type-3" oligodendrocytes using video time-lapse movies, and demonstrated that these cells initially sent out processes to search for axons several times before the onset of myelination. Then thick filopodia extended towards the axon, and at the same time, the axonal part of neuron moved forward. Finally the ruffling lamellipodial parts wrapped up the axon similarly to a transverse wave with the secured thick filopodial process on the axon acting as scaffolding. These results suggest that our experimental systems are useful in studying normal oligodendrocyte development and their cellular biochemistry, as well as investigating the mechanism of myelin formation by oligodendrocytes.
Depicting Daylighting: Types of Multiple Image Display (2001)

This study looks at how interior daylighting can be understood through Web page representations. It examines how image size, sequence vs. simultaneity and interaction mode affect legibility. We formatted a set of daylighting images into different presentations using still images, animations and Quicktime Virtual Reality (QTVR). Querying architectural designers about the formats allowed us to identify usability issues, refine the alternatives, and characterize their attributes. Viewers generally preferred interactive selection of a single large image from multiple thumbnails over two or more smaller still, animated or interactive views. Smaller multiple images allow perusal of the range of lighting conditions and identification of situations for more detailed study. By rating and graphing interface, image and usability characteristics, we illustrate how photorealistic, symbolic and analytical images complement each other. We found that combining complementary representations in simultaneously or in sequence provides greatest legibility.
Complexity analysis of multicarrier and single-carrier systems for very high-speed digital subscriber line (2003)

A complexity analysis of discrete multitone (DMT) and single-carrier modulation (SCM) in the context of a very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) is presented in this paper. In addition to the traditional arithmetic complexity measures such as the number of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations, we also compute the memory requirements. Furthermore, we normalize these metrics with respect to the number of information bits transmitted (rate normalized) and scale with respect to data path precision (precision scaled) in order to obtain more comprehensive metrics. The analysis shows that the number of MAC's per transmitted information bit (N/sub MACb/) for SCM is greater than that for DMT for all distances of interest in VDSL. The number of MACs per information bit and scaled with respect to precision (B/sub MAC/), i.e., NB/sub MACb/ = N/sub MACb/B/sub MAC/, was found to be clearly smaller for SCM in loops shorter than approximately 2 kft. This metric was found to be clearly smaller for DMT in loops longer than approximately 3.25 kft. At all lengths, DMT was found to have smaller memory requirements per information bit, as well as smaller precision-scaled memory requirements.
Optical pyrometer based on the gas phase photoacoustic effect (2016)

A photoacoustic cell containing an infrared active gas and equipped with a pair of infrared transmitting windows that alternately views two bodies at different temperatures through a pair of chopping wheels acts as a differential detector of the radiation emitted by the two bodies. A theory for the photoacoustic signal shows that the device acts to monitor the difference in the incidances between the two bodies integrated over the absorptions of the gas in the cell. Experiments are reported showing that the response of the pyrometer depends on the relative temperatures of heated bodies, the absorption coefficient of the gas in the cell, and the modulation frequency of the chopping wheels. The instrument is shown to be a sensitive detector of a null in the integrated incidance of the two bodies.
A Novel Photocatalysis of Phosphorous Porphyrins for Hydration of Benzonitrile (1998)

Abstract Under irradiation with visible light, oxophosphorous porphyrins [(EtioP)PR(=O), 1 (R = Ph) and 2 (R = Et); EtioP = etioporphyrinato I] and phenyl(methoxy)phosphorous porphyrin chloride [[(EtioP)PPh(OMe)]Cl, 3] catalyzed hydration of benzonitrile to benzamide in alkaline methanol.
Optimal Training for Time-Selective Wireless Fading Channels Using Cutoff Rate (2006)

We consider the optimal allocation of resources—power and bandwidth—between training and data transmissions for single-user time-selective Rayleigh flat-fading channels under the cutoff rate criterion. The transmitter exploits statistical channel state information (CSI) in the form of the channel Doppler spectrum to embed pilot symbols into the transmission stream. At the receiver, instantaneous, though imperfect, CSI is acquired through minimum mean-square estimation of the channel based on some set of pilot observations. We compute the ergodic cutoff rate for this scenario. Assuming estimator-based interleaving and -PSK inputs, we study two special cases in-depth. First, we derive the optimal resource allocation for the Gauss-Markov correlation model. Next, we validate and refine these insights by studying resource allocation for the Jakes model.
The expert system approach to predicting protein structure. (1990)

Prediction of protein structure is an open-ended problem. Since an approach from first principles cannot be taken in reasonable computer time, short-cuts using further data are necessary. Such data include information about the specific protein in question, and information in databases which are about proteins in general. Is it possible to write a general, flexible 'superalgorithm' which would suit most circumstances? If so, it would seem likely to overcome one of the most understated but nonetheless greatest difficulties associated with molecular modelling and computer-aided drug design--reproducibility. To this end, a 'polymorphic programming environment' has been developed which represents both an expert system and a high-level language for theoretical chemists and molecular biologists. This language is GLOBAL (Ball et al., 1990). In a series of earlier studies, and more recently by means of GLOBAL itself, the nature of reproducibility and its rather surprising limits have been explored, and in general the current status and future potential of protein modelling have been examined.
Density Tradeoffs of Non-Volatile Memory as a Replacement for SRAM Based Last Level Cache (2018)

Increasing the capacity of the Last Level Cache (LLC) can help scale the memory wall. Due to prohibitive area and leakage power, however, growing conventional SRAM LLC already incurs diminishing returns. Emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies like Spin Torque Transfer RAM (STTRAM) promise high density and low leakage, thereby offering an attractive alternative for building large capacity LLCs. However these technologies have significantly longer write latency compared to SRAM, which interferes with reads and severely limits their performance potential. Despite the recent work showing the write latency reduction at NVM technology level, practical considerations like high yield and low bit error rates will result a significant loss of NVM density when these techniques are implemented. Therefore, improving the write latency while compromising on the density results in sub-optimal usage of the NVM technology. In this paper we present a novel STTRAM LLC design that mitigates the long write latency, thereby delivering SRAM like performance while preserving the benefits of high density. Based on a light-weight learning mechanism, our solution relieves LLC congestion through two schemes. Firstly, we propose write congestion aware bypass that eliminates a large fraction of writes. Despite dropping LLC hit rates which could severely degrade performance in a conventional LLC, our policy smartly modulates the bypass, overcomes the hit rate loss and delivers significant performance gain. Furthermore, our solution establishes a virtual hybrid cache that absorbs and eliminates the redundant writes, which otherwise might be repeatedly and slowly written to the NVM LLC. Detailed simulation of traditional SPEC CPU 2006 suite as well as important industry workloads running on a 4-core system shows that our proposal delivers on an average 26% performance improvement over a baseline LLC design using 8MB STTRAM, while reducing the memory system energy by 10%. Our design outperforms a similar area SRAM LLC by nearly 18%, thereby making NVM technology an attractive alternative for future high performance computing.
IDEA (2007)

We present a Java-based framework for the easy and on-the-fly creation of algorithm animations. Animations are created by sketching both the objects that should be animated and operations that should be performed on them. The IDEA (Interactive Domain rEcognition and Animation) framework combines the recognition of drawn structures, the interaction with these structures and their animation in order to achieve an effortless and natural creation of animations. The framework itself supports the creation of animations in arbitrary domains through a dynamic plug-in architecture, where so-called domain modules encapsulate all domain-specific semantics. Its application and potential is outlined by the help of three prototypical domain modules for linear lists, Petri nets, and the game Connect-four.
Power Beacon Assisted Wiretap Channels With Jamming (2016)

This paper proposes a novel power beacon-assisted wiretap channel, where an energy constrained source, powered by a dedicated power beacon, aims to establish secure communications with a legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper. The power beacon and the source are assumed to have multiple antennas, while the legitimate user and the eavesdropper are equipped with a single antenna each. Considering a time-switching protocol, the power beacon first charges the source through wireless power transfer, and then acts as a friendly jammer to assist the source for secure communication. Depending on the available channel state information (CSI) at the power beacon, we propose several different jamming schemes for secrecy performance enhancement. Closed-form expressions are derived for the achievable secrecy outage probability of the proposed schemes. In addition, simple and accurate approximations are obtained at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime. The outcomes suggest that jamming is an effective approach to improve the secrecy performance: with full CSI available at the power beacon, employing simple zero-forcing scheme attains significant secrecy diversity gain and without the CSI of the eavesdropper link, jamming provides only some array gain. Moreover, we show that the proposed limited feedback-based random beamforming is an effective approach, which may outperform the antenna selection scheme. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that there exists a unique time switching ratio that maximizes the effective secrecy throughput.
Multiple sign bits hiding for High Efficiency Video Coding (2012)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the next-generation video coding standard currently under development, which has demonstrated substantial bit savings (rate reduction by approximately half) compared to H.264/AVC. This paper presents the multiple sign bits hiding scheme that was adopted into the committee draft of HEVC at the 8th JCT-VC meeting. In HEVC, the quantized transform coefficients are entropy-coded in groups of 16 coefficients for each transform unit. With multiple sign bits hiding, for coefficient groups that satisfy certain conditions, the sign of the first non-zero coefficient along the scanning path is not explicitly transmitted in the bitstream and instead is inferred from the parity of the sum of all non-zero coefficients in that coefficient group at the decoder. To ensure the matching between the hidden sign and the parity of the sum of all non-zero coefficients, a parity adjustment method is employed at the encoder based on rate-distortion optimization or distortion minimization. Compared with conventional video coding schemes where quantization and coefficient coding are separately designed, the multiple sign bits hiding scheme in HEVC represents a joint quantization and coefficient coding design and provides consistent rate-distortion performance gains for all standard test sequences under standard test conditions.
Role of Grain Boundaries in the Mechanism of Plasma Hydrogenation of Nanocrystalline MgAl Films (2006)

Nanocrystalline aluminum hydrides (alanates) are potential hydrogen storage materials for PEM fuel cell applications. One of candidates is magnesium alanate, Mg(AlH4)2, which contains 9.3 wt. % of hydrogen. In the present work, the effects of Ti catalyst in improving the kinetics of hydrogen uptake and release are investigated. The 2–5 μm thick MgAl films have been hydrogenated employing plasma immersion ion implantation technique as a function of Ti‐content. Nanocrystalline MgAl films were prepared by magnetron sputter deposition in vacuum. Titanium atoms were incorporated simultaneously into the growing film. Morphological and structural properties were studied by scanning electron and atomic force microcopies and X‐ray diffraction technique. It is shown that the microstructure of the hydrided/dehydrided MgAl film is highly defected and demonstrates dispersed/amorphous cluster‐like structure. Ti atoms in MgAl film kinetically enhance the dehydrogenation of magnesium alanate film. For Ti‐doped MgAl film the dehydrogenation process becomes about 1.5 times shorter and the dehydrogenation temperature about 50 K less than for Ti‐undoped film for the temperature rise rate equal to 18 K‐min−1. It is shown when hydrogenated MgAl film is exposed to air a compact amorphous Al2O3 layer with typically 3–5 nm thickness grows on the surface. Thin native oxide acts as a permeation barrier for hydrogen. It has been found that the major part of hydrogen effuses at ∼630 K and the effusion process is controlled by the migration of hydrogen through the surface oxide layer.
Bedside analysis of human milk for adjustable nutrition strategy (2009)

The human milk analyser can inform us about the amount of major nutrients in breast milk: fat, protein and lactose. However, when human milk is diluted, the lactose content measured by the human milk analyser is overestimated.
International GPS (Global Positioning System) Service for Geodynamics (1995)

The International GPS (Global Positioning System) Service for Geodynamics (IGS) began formal operation on January 1, 1994. This first annual report is divided into sections, which mirror different aspects of the service. Section (1) contains general information, including the history of the IGS, its organization, and the global network of GPS tracking sites; (2) contains information on the Central Bureau Information System; (3) describes the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS); (4) details collecting and distributing IGS data in Data Center reports; (6) describes how the IGS Analysis Centers generate their products; (7) contains miscellaneous contributions from other organizations that share common interests with the IGS.
Catecholamines in turkeys with alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy (1992)

Although alcoholic cardiomyopathy has been difficult to reproduce in animals, turkeys fed 5% ethanol develop a dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. We therefore used this model to examine the adrenergic response to left ventricular dysfunction induced by alcohol. In normal turkeys, norepinephrine in kidneys decreased markedly with age from 1 day to 2 mo, with a similar but less dramatic decrease in cardiac norepinephrine. By 2 mo, chronic alcohol ingestion depleted cardiac norepinephrine compared with controls (217 +/- 22 vs. 316 +/- 41 ng/g, P < 0.05), even though cardiac norepinephrine is relatively low in turkeys compared with many other animals and humans. Norepinephrine in aorta was also decreased with alcohol administration, but kidney norepinephrine was unaffected. Dopamine was unaltered in any of the organs studied. Plasma norepinephrine is normally high in turkeys with arterial levels greater than venous (2,898 +/- 746 vs. 1,987 +/- 531 pg/ml at 2 mo). Venous plasma norepinephrine did not differ from control (2,595 +/- 547 pg/ml) after 2 mo of alcohol. Thus, as in humans, cardiomyopathy in alcohol-fed turkeys is associated with reduced cardiac norepinephrine, but unlike humans with cardiomyopathy, circulating norepinephrine remains normal.
Precipitation Classification Using Measurements From Commercial Microwave Links (2013)

Commercial wireless microwave links have been recently proven to be an effective tool for precipitation monitoring, mainly for accurate rainfall estimation and high-resolution rainfall mapping. This paper focuses on the challenge of precipitation classification from the measurements of received signal level (RSL) in several commercial wireless microwave links, by suggesting a tree of classification based on the physical features that distinguish between different phenomena. Wet periods are first identified, followed by a classification of the wet periods into pure rain or sleet. The classification is based on the kernel Fisher discriminant analysis, followed by a decision-making process. The suggested procedure is tested on real data, and its performance is evaluated. It is shown that the proposed classification is in very good agreement (85%) with that of a special-purpose meteorological device called disdrometer.
Adipophilin/perilipin‐2 as a lipid droplet‐specific marker for metabolically active cells and diseases associated with metabolic dysregulation (2012)

Adipophilin immunohistochemistry visualizes small LDs in tissues under physiological and disease conditions that are not visible by conventional light microscopy. Immunohistology for adipophilin may facilitate histomorphological diagnosis of diseases and definition of the extent of metabolic dysregulation, such as in organ infarcts, cardiomyopathies, kidney diseases, and microvesicular steatosis.
Quantitative Measurement in Scanning Microwave Microscopy (2018)

The paper presents consideration of quantitative measurement in scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) based on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) for dielectric materials. We have improved sensitivity and Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of SMM by 1-port interferometric circuit for dielectric material measurements. We also demonstrated a quantitative measurement with frequency dependence for dielectric permittivity of materials, i.e., (barium titanite, (Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> )TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> BSTO). We achieved that SMM with 1-port interferometric circuit can observe material characteristics with frequency dependence and dielectric permittivity variations. As the results, 1-port interferometric circuit technique can produce high sensitivity especially in high frequency region.