gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Body composition analysis of cachectic rabbits by total body electrical conductivity (1998)

A simple formula (1.536 x TOBEC + 475.146 = LBM, where TOBEC is total body electrical conductivity and LBM is lean body mass) to estimate LBM in grams was developed on the basis of the total body fat data obtained by ether extraction and TOBEC in normal rabbits. The formula was also applicable to rabbits with cachexia induced by inoculation of VX2 carcinoma or by starvation. We were able to assess the losses of body fat in the rabbits with cachexia at 10-day intervals by using TOBEC.
Diversity analysis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm using the CottonSNP63K Array (2017)

Our results provide a large genome-wide variation data set for primarily cultivated cotton. Thousands of SNPs in representative cotton genotypes provide an opportunity to finely discriminate among cultivated cotton from around the world. The SNPs will be relevant as dense markers of genome variation for association mapping approaches aimed at correlating molecular polymorphisms with variation in phenotypic traits, as well as for molecular breeding approaches in cotton.
Partition Functions from Rao-Blackwellized Tempered Sampling (2016)

Partition functions of probability distributions are important quantities for model evaluation and comparisons. We present a new method to compute partition functions of complex and multimodal distributions. Such distributions are often sampled using simulated tempering, which augments the target space with an auxiliary inverse temperature variable. Our method exploits the multinomial probability law of the inverse temperatures, and provides estimates of the partition function in terms of a simple quotient of Rao-Blackwellized marginal inverse temperature probability estimates, which are updated while sampling. We show that the method has interesting connections with several alternative popular methods, and offers some significant advantages. In particular, we empirically find that the new method provides more accurate estimates than Annealed Importance Sampling when calculating partition functions of large Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM); moreover, the method is sufficiently accurate to track training and validation log-likelihoods during learning of RBMs, at minimal computational cost.
Network Meta-analysis of Food and Drug Administration-approved Treatment Options for Adults with Aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (2021)

The NMA results suggest that complement component 5 (C5) inhibition prevents NMOSD relapses more effectively than broader mechanisms of action.
Biological Evaluation of 5-Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis (2001)

A series of 5-substituted pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized, and their ability to inhibit brassinosteroid biosynthesis was tested. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated by the cress stem elongation method. Among the synthesized compounds, alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol (DPPM 4) exhibited potent inhibitory activity for retarding cress stem elongation in the light. This inhibition was reversed by the application of 10 nM brassinolide, but not by 1 microM GA3. DPPM 4 also affected Arabidopsis growth in the dark. DPPM 4-treated Arabidopsis had phenotypes like those of brassinosteroid-deficient mutants, with short hypocotyls and open cotyledons, in the dark. These biological changes were restored by the co-application of 10 nM brassinolide, but not by 1 microM GA3, suggesting that the primary site of action of DPPM 4 was the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway.
Synthesis of N-Arylisatins Using Different Heterogeneous Catalyst Under Microwave Irradiations (2013)

N-Arylisatins having both biological and medical properties are synthesized by the reaction of methyl-2-oxo-2-(arylamino)acetates and arynes using NaHCO3 in presence of different heterogeneous catalyst under microwave irradiations in high yield in shorter reaction time.
[Primary human intestinal epithelial cells as a tool to clarify disease mechanisms]. (2013)

A newly available method for culturing primary human intestinal epithelial cells stands for a variety of possibilities within the field of regenerative medicine. Thus, this cell culture represents an excellent ex vivo-model system with numerous possible applications ranging from basic research and drug testing to diagnosis and possible new treatment options in the future. This article describes the method in short and elaborates in the context of future possibilities within the field of regenerative medicine.
Mumps infections in the etiology of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. (1988)

The epidemiology of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was studied during a period starting after an unusually sharp epidemic of mumps. The number of diabetic cases increased significantly 2-4 years after the epidemic. Incidence rates were highest in geographical areas with the highest incidence of mumps and lowest in areas with the smallest numbers of reported mumps cases. Serological studies employing EIA-assays indicated recent mumps infections more often among newly diagnosed diabetic children than among matched controls although the incidence was low (13% of patients and 4% of controls had serological markers of recent mumps). Those patients, who had had serologically verified recent mumps had more often HLA-DR4 associated risk antigens (Dw4 and Dw14) than other patients. Also clinical history of mumps was obtained more often from diabetic children than from controls as 27% of the patients and 14% of the controls had had clinical mumps during the five years preceding the diagnosis of diabetes. These results confirm several earlier reports suggesting a connection between mumps and Type 1 diabetes and that the onset of diabetes may be delayed by several years.
Loss of Lung Health from Young Adulthood and Cardiac Phenotypes in Middle Age (2015)

Patterns of loss of lung health are associated with specific cardiovascular phenotypes in middle age. Decline in FEV1/FVC ratio is associated with underfilling of the left heart and low cardiac output. Decline in FVC with preserved FEV1/FVC ratio is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Cardiopulmonary interactions apparent with common complex heart and lung diseases evolve concurrently from early adulthood forward.
Integrated scheduling of multimedia and hard real-time tasks (2002)

An integrated platform which is capable of meeting the requirements of both traditional real-time control processing and multimedia processing has enormous potential for accommodating various kinds of new applications. However, except for the simplest of situations, few, if any, research or commercial systems successfully provide architectural and OS mechanisms which can efficiently support both hard real-time computation and multimedia soft real-time computation. The authors propose a multimedia server execution on multiprocessor real-time operating systems to provide different classes of guarantee to support both types of processing. The multimedia server supports multiple periodic multimedia streams with a capability for graceful QoS degradation during system overload. They (i) develop several multimedia server scheduling algorithms, (ii) evaluate the performance of these algorithms, and (iii) discuss realistic system implementation issues on the SGI IRIX/REACT/PRO operating system.
Strong Effects of Population Density and Social Characteristics on Distribution of COVID-19 Infections in the United States (2020)

ABSTRACT Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has devastated global populations and has had a large impact in the United States. The objective of this manuscript is to study the relation of population demographics, social characteristics, and social distancing on the number of infections and deaths in the US. Methods Data came from publicly available sources. Social distancing was measured by the change in the rate of human encounters per km 2 relative to the pre-COVID-19 national average. A smooth generalized additive model for counts of total infections and deaths at US county-level included population demographics, social characteristics, and social distancing. Results The model strongly predicted the geo-spatial variations in COVID-19 infections and deaths, 97.2% of variation in infections and 99.3% of variation in deaths from March 15, 2020. US counties with higher population density, poverty index, civilian population, and minorities, especially African Americans, had a higher rate of infections and deaths, and social distancing was associated with a slower rate of infections and deaths. The number of people infected was increasing; however, the rate of increase of new infections was showing signs of plateauing from the second week of April. Our model estimates that 1,865,580 US residents will test positive for infections and 117,246 fatalities by June 1, 2020. Importantly, our model suggests significant social differences in the infections and deaths across US communities. Areas with a larger African American population and a higher poverty index are expected to show higher rates of infections and deaths. Conclusion Preventive steps, including social distancing and community closures, have been a cornerstone in slowing the transmission and potentially reducing the spread of the disease. Crucial knowledge of the role of social characteristics in disease transmission is essential to understand and predict current and future disease distribution and plan additional preventive steps.
Structural Change in Porous Silica Thin Film after Plasma Treatment (1999)

Porous silica film with a median pore size of was exposed to an oxygen plasma afterglow. The exposure resulted in a removal of hydrophobic organic groups from the silica surface, leading to a continuous increase in the refractive index and a decrease in film thickness. The exposure to the thermal oxide did not produce any change in the film. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
tagging, communities, vocabulary, evolution (2006)

A tagging community's vocabulary of tags forms the basis for social navigation and shared expression.We present a user-centric model of vocabulary evolution in tagging communities based on community influence and personal tendency. We evaluate our model in an emergent tagging system by introducing tagging features into the MovieLens recommender system.We explore four tag selection algorithms for displaying tags applied by other community members. We analyze the algorithms 'effect on vocabulary evolution, tag utility, tag adoption, and user satisfaction.
Baseline nutritional status in symptomatic patients in the transthyretin amyloidosis outcomes survey (thaos) (2011)

Baseline nutritional status in symptomatic patients in the transthyretin amyloidosis outcomes survey (thaos)
Intracellular redistribution of protein kinase D2 in response to G-protein-coupled receptor agonists (2003)

The protein kinase D (PKD) family consists of three serine/threonine protein kinases: PKC mu/PKD, PKD2, and PKC nu/PKD3. While PKD has been the focus of most studies to date, no information is available on the intracellular distribution of PKD2. Consequently, we examined the mechanism that regulates its intracellular distribution in human pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 cells. Analysis of the intracellular steady-state distribution of fluorescent-tagged PKD2 in unstimulated cells indicated that this kinase is predominantly cytoplasmic. Cell stimulation with the G protein-coupled receptor agonist neurotensin induced a rapid and reversible plasma membrane translocation of PKD2 by a mechanism that requires PKC activity. In contrast to the other PKD isoenzymes, PKD2 activation did not induce its redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, this study demonstrates that the regulation of the distribution of PKD2 is distinct from other PKD isoenzymes, and suggests that the differential spatio-temporal localization of these signaling molecules regulates their specific signaling properties.
Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Solanum spirale (2012)

The essential oil of the leaves Solanium spirale Roxb. was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-nine constituents were identified, constituting 73.36% of the total chromatographical oil components. (E)-Phytol (48.10%), n-hexadecanoic acid (7.34%), beta-selinene (3.67%), alpha-selinene (2.74%), octadecanoic acid (2.12%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.00%) were the major components of this oil. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The oil exhibited week antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.89 mg/mL. The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 43.0 microg/mL and 21.5 microg/mL, respectively. It also showed significant cytotoxicity against KB (oral cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with the IC50 values of 26.42, 19.69, and 24.02 microg/mL, respectively.
Fast and robust image processing for laser stripe-sensors in arc welding automation (2002)

For seam tracking in arc welding several sensors are used. Different tasks in welding automation lead to different sensors. Most sensors for welding automation don't have problems with the seam tracking, on the other hand there is the control of the welding process itself. For this job optical sensors are the best choice because they are able to provide the complete groove geometry. Combining arc welding and optical sensors causes natural distortions in the sensor signal. Different methods for reducing these kind of distortions are presented in the paper. Beginning with mechanical and optical shielding, the use of different lasers and the variation of mechanical parameters are discussed. The physical shielding strategies help reduce the distortions but cannot ensure a useable image of the welding groove. Therefore filter algorithms have to be applied to the sensor signals. High real time requirements need expensive multiprocessor systems to cope with the data rates. Therefore it is essential that the applied algorithms can be implemented on highly integrated logic ICs (FPGA). These programmable logic devices have been developed offering the same performance at a drastically lower price making laser stripe sensors attractive for cost sensitive applications in heavy industry. Image processing algorithms approved in other fields applied with the new FPGA hardware result in an extreme improvement in welding groove detection. Improvement in sensor use by welding automation is quantified using experimental data.
Importance of Salmonella Typhi-Responsive CD8+ T Cell Immunity in a Human Typhoid Fever Challenge Model (2017)

Typhoid fever, caused by the human-restricted organism <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi (<i>S</i>. Typhi), constitutes a major global health problem. The development of improved attenuated vaccines is pressing, but delayed by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. Herein, we report that high levels of <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T cells at baseline significantly correlate with an increased risk of disease in humans challenged with a high dose (~10<sup>4</sup> CFU) wild-type <i>S</i>. Typhi. Typhoid fever development was associated with higher multifunctional <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T effector memory cells at baseline. Early decreases of these cells in circulation following challenge were observed in both <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive integrin α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>- and integrin α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>+ CD8+ T effector memory (T<sub>EM</sub>) cells, suggesting their potential to home to both mucosal and extra-intestinal sites. Participants with higher baseline levels of <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive CD8+ T memory cells had a higher risk of acquiring disease, but among those who acquired disease, those with a higher baseline responses took longer to develop disease. In contrast, protection against disease was associated with low or absent <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive T cells at baseline and no changes in circulation following challenge. These data highlight the importance of pre-existing <i>S</i>. Typhi-responsive immunity in predicting clinical outcome following infection with wild-type <i>S</i>. Typhi and provide novel insights into the complex mechanisms involved in protective immunity to natural infection in a stringent human model with a high challenge dose. They also contribute important information on the immunological responses to be assessed in the appraisal and selection of new generation typhoid vaccines.
Costs and advantages of shape-adaptive wavelet transform for region-based image coding (2005)

Region-based encoding techniques have been long investigated for the compression of still images and video sequences and have recently gained much popularity, as testified by the object-based nature of the MPEG-4 video coding standard. This work aims at analyzing costs and advantages of implementing such an approach by shape-adaptive wavelet transform and shape-adaptive SPIHT. The analysis of several performance measures in a number of experiments confirm the potential of wavelet-based region-based approach, and provide insight about what performance gains and losses can be expected in various operative conditions.
Gene therapy strategies in neurodegenerative diseases. (2001)

Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by classical pharmacotherapy is restricted by blood-brain barrier which prevents access to the brain of potentially therapeutic molecules. Recent progress in the knowledge of pathophysiological molecular processes, and in the development of molecular biotechnology have opened the way to new therapeutic interventions for these disorders. This chapter reviews the most recent gene therapy strategies using experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases.
Empiric Quadruple vs. Triple Therapy for Primary Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Tolerability (2009)

Quadruple and triple therapies yielded similar eradication rates as primary therapy for H. pylori infection. Both therapies yielded suboptimal eradication rates. Patient compliance and side effects are similar for quadruple and triple therapies.
Application of deep learning algorithms and architectures in the new generation of mobile networks (2021)

Operators of modern mobile networks are faced with significant challenges in providing the requested level of service to an ever increasing number of user entities. Advanced machine learning techniques based on deep architectures and appropriate learning methods are recognized as promising ways of tackling the said challenges in many aspects of mobile networks, such as mobile data and mobility analysis, network control, network security and signal processing. Having firstly presented the background of deep learning and related technologies, the paper goes on to present the architectures used for deployment of deep learning in mobile networks. The paper continues with an overview of applications and services related to the new generation of mobile networks that employ deep learning methods. Finally, the paper presents practical use case of modulation classification as implementation of deep learning in an application essential for modern spectrum management. We complete this work by pinpointing future directions for research.
The mechanisms of tumor suppressor effect of glucocorticoid receptor in skin (2007)

Glucocorticoid hormones exert a tumor suppressor effect in different experimental models, including mouse skin carcinogenesis. The glucocorticoid control of cellular functions is mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcription factor that regulates genes by DNA-binding dependent transactivation, and DNA-binding independent transrepression through negative interaction with other transcription factors. In this perspective, we analyze known mechanisms that underlie the anticancer effect of GR signaling, including effects on cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We also discuss a novel mechanism for the tumor suppressor effect of the GR in skin: through the regulation of the number and status of follicular epithelial stem cells (SC), which are a target cell population for skin carcinogenesis. Our studies on keratin5.GR transgenic animals that are resistant to skin carcinogenesis, demonstrated that the GR diminishes the number of follicular epithelial SCs, reduces their proliferative and survival potential and affects the expression of follicular SC "signature" genes. The analysis of global effect of the GR on gene expression in follicular epithelial SCs, basal keratinocytes, and mouse skin tumors provided an unexpected evidence that gene transrepression by GR plays an important role in the maintenance of SC and in inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by this steroid hormone receptor. It is known that antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is chiefly mediated by GR transrepression. Thus, our findings suggest the similarity between the mechanisms of antiinflammatory and anticancer effects of the GR signaling. We discuss the potential clinical applications of our findings in light of drug discovery programs focused on the development of selective GR modulators that preferentially induce GR transrepression.
A Survey of Platform Machinery in the North Sea (1992)

This paper describes the historical data for gas turbine driven compressor and power generation packages built for the North Sea. The period surveyed spans from the start-up of Ekofisk to the present day. The paper covers 60 platforms in the Norwegian and UK sectors and a number in the Danish and Dutch sectors. The data gathered for each platform include details of gas turbines, compressors, gearboxes, couplings, tube and seat oil systems, skid arrangements, air filtration systems, exhaust systems and so forth. In total, approximately 320 electric power generating sets and 380 compressors are included, representing 5.5 million kW. The trend over the survey period is found from the recorded data, and a comparison is made between the Norwegian and UK sectors.
Polishing the surface of a z-cut KDP crystal by neutralized argon ions (2018)

The sputtering yield and dynamics of the surface roughness of the potassium dihydrogenphosphate&#x2014;KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal z-cut was initially polished by precision micromilling with a diamond cutter, after which surface treatment by neutralized Ar ions was studied. The sputtering yield turned out to be noticeably higher than the values for materials that are amenable to ion polishing (fused silica, ULE, Zerodur, etc.), but the polishing effect at angles of incidence of 0&#x00B0;, 30&#x00B0;, and 45&#x00B0; was found. A record value of the effective surface roughness in the spatial frequencies range of &#x03BD;&#x2208;[4.9&#x00B7;10&#x2212;2&#x2013;6.3&#x00B7;101&#x2009;&#x2009;&#x03BC;m&#x2212;1]&#x03C3;eff=0.61&#x2009;&#x2009;nm was obtained.
Comparison of alterations in cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation in late life depression and Alzheimer’s disease as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (2014)

NIRS can detect differences in brain activation between patients with late life depression and those with AD. NIRS is a promising tool for the differential diagnosis of late life depression and AD.