gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless electrochemical light emission in ultrathin 2D nanoconfinements (2022)

Spatial confinement of chemical reactions or physical effects may lead to original phenomena and new properties. Here, the generation of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in confined free-standing 2D spaces, exemplified by surfactant-based air bubbles is reported. For this, the ultrathin walls of the bubbles (typically in the range of 100-700 nm) are chosen as a host where graphene sheets, acting as bipolar ECL-emitting electrodes, are trapped and dispersed. The proposed system demonstrates that the required potential for the generation of ECL is up to three orders of magnitude smaller compared to conventional systems, due to the nanoconfinement of the potential drop. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the key advantages of a 2D environment, allowing a wireless activation of ECL at rather low potentials, compatible with (bio)analytical systems.
Robust Noise Characteristics in Carbon Nanotube Transistors Based on Stochastic Resonance and Their Summing Networks (2011)

Robust noise characteristics in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) based on stochastic resonance (SR) were demonstrated to detect small signals in noisy environments. When weak pulse trains were applied to a CNT-FET in the subthreshold regime, the correlation coefficient between the input and output signals increased upon adding an appropriate intensity of noise. Offset-voltage dependences were investigated, and moreover, a virtual summing network was formed using CNT-FETs having different offset voltages. The measurement indicated that responses correlated with the input signals were enhanced in a wide range of noise intensity. Therefore, the summing network based on SR is a promising candidate for highly sensitive label-free sensors which are to be utilized in unintentionally noisy environments.
Audio-haptic feedback in mobile phones (2005)

A new breed of mobile phones has been designed to enable concurrent vibration and audio stimulation, or audio-haptics. This paper aims to share techniques for creating and optimizing audio-haptic effects to enhance the user interface.The authors present audio manipulation techniques specific to the multifunction transducer (MFT) technology. In particular two techniques, the Haptic Inheritance and Synthesis and Matching methods are discussed. These two methods of haptic media generation allow simple creation of vibration content, and also allow for compatibility with non-haptic mobile devices.The authors present preliminary results of an evaluation of 42 participants comparing audio-based haptic user interface (UI) feedback with audio-only feedback. The results show that users were receptive to audio-haptic UI feedback. The results also suggest that audio-haptics seems to enhance the perception of audio quality.
Experimental anti-alveolar basement membrane antibody-mediated pneumonitis. I. The role of increased permeability of the alveolar capillary wall induced by oxygen. (1981)

Attempts to produce in animals lung lesions mediated by anti-alveolar basement membrane (ABM) antibodies have thus far been inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increased permeability of the endothelial cell lining is needed before circulating antibodies can gain access and bind to ABM. A goat antiserum was prepared against purified rabbit ABM. After i.v. injection of the gamma-globulin fraction into rabbits, goat IgG was detected in glomerular basement membrane but not in ABM. However, 17 of 19 rabbits injected with anti-ABM antibody after exposure for 62 to 66 hr to 100% oxygen had a diffuse linear binding of goat IgG in ABM and died with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic pneumonitis. By the paired label isotope technique, uptake of anti-ABM antibodies in lung far exceeded that in kidney. Semiquantitative histologic studies indicated that the lesions in the lung of these rabbits were more severe then those found in rabbits exposed to 100% oxygen and injected with normal goat serum gamma-globulin. None of the latter animals died with pulmonary edema; none was found to have binding of goat IgG in the lung. The results indicate that under normal physiologic conditions the endothelium is a barrier that prevents binding of IgG antibodies to ABM. The increased permeability induced by oxygen in the alveolar capillary wall is a nonimmunologic factor allowing the development of a reproducible model of severe anti-ABM antibody-mediated pneumonitis.
<title>Sensitive Method For Characterizing Liquid Helium Cooled Preamplifier Feedback Resistors</title> (1983)

A technique is presented for measuring many of the non-ideal characteristics of the large value [1E8 to 1E13 ohm] resistors used in the feedback loops of liquid helium cooled infrared (IR) detector circuits. These resistors are sensitive to both temperature and voltage and have a far from ideal response to transient events. Since these resistors are used to determine the transfer characteristics of a photodetector circuit, their non-ideal behavior can have a large effect on a system&apos;s photometric accuracy and linearity. They can also seriously degrade a system&apos;s signal to noise ratio in the presence of ionizing radiation. The method described in this paper has the sensitivity and versatility to accurately measure the non-linear characteristics of these resistors in the actual circuit configuration in which they will be used. This method relys upon the use of a small, stable, ceramic chip capacitor that is installed at the input summing node of a preamp, and an extremely narrow band, tuneable, RMS voltmeter. The capacitor is used to differentiate a number of controlled and well known input voltage waveforms into correspondingly well known input currents. These input currents flow through the resistor thereby creating the output voltage waveforms. These output waveforms contain information about the load resistor&apos;s electrical characteristics and allow the calibration of the resistor&apos;s response to a wide variety of signals. This method is useful in performing a dynamic system level calibration of a detector circuit since it simulates the many varied types of signal currents generated in either a photovoltaic or photoconductive IR detector circuit.
On the generation of surface waves by shear flows Part 3. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (1959)

The Kelvin-Helmholtz model for the formation of surface waves at the interface between two fluids in relative motion is generalized for parallel shear flows. It is assumed that phase changes across the flow are negligible and hence that the aerodynamic pressure on the wave is in phase with its displacement (rather than its slope). A variational formulation is established and leads to the determination of appropriately weighted means for the velocity profiles. The principal application is to flow of a light inviscid fluid over a viscous liquid; it is shown that the principle of exchange of stabilities is applicable to such a configuration, and a critical wind speed in satisfactory agreement with observation is predicted for an air-oil interface. The results also are applied to an air-water interface and lead to the conclusion that Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of such an interface is unlikely at commonly observed wind speeds. A more general formulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz boundary-value problem and variational principle, allowing for variations in both velocity and density, is given in two appendices.
Prognostically relevant gene signatures of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (2020)

Because of the high risk of recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa), the development of outcome predictors could be valuable for patient stratification. Using the catalog of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed subtype and survival gene expression signatures, which, when combined, provide a prognostic model of HGS-OvCa classification, named “Classification of Ovarian Cancer” (CLOVAR). We validated CLOVAR on an independent dataset consisting of 879 HGS-OvCa expression profiles. The worst outcome group, accounting for 23% of all cases, was associated with a median survival of 23 months and a platinum resistance rate of 63%, versus a median survival of 46 months and platinum resistance rate of 23% in other cases. Associating the outcome prediction model with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status, residual disease after surgery, and disease stage further optimized outcome classification. Ovarian cancer is a disease in urgent need of more effective therapies. The spectrum of outcomes observed here and their association with CLOVAR signatures suggests variations in underlying tumor biology. Prospective validation of the CLOVAR model in the context of additional prognostic variables may provide a rationale for optimal combination of patient and treatment regimens.
Decomposition Method for Matrix Addressable Microlaser Arrays (1995)

Two-dimensional (2D) arrays of microlasers are manufactured in two primary configurations: individually addressable [1], and matrix addressable [2], as illustrated in Figure 1. Each microlaser in the individually addressable array has a ground (n) terminal and a positive (p) terminal. All of the microlasers share the same ground, but a separate p contact is provided for each microlaser. An 8×8 array thus requires 64 p contacts, as indicated by the numbered bonding pads at the edges of the array. For small arrays individual addressing works well, but the complexity becomes unmanageable as the arrays scale to large sizes, and so an alternative configuration is needed that scales more gracefully.
Development of high shrinkage polyethylene terephthalate (PET) shape memory polymer tendons for concrete crack closure (2017)

The shrinkage force exerted by restrained shape memory polymers can potentially be used to close cracks in structural concrete. This paper describes the physical processing and experimental work undertaken to develop high shrinkage die-drawn Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) shape memory polymer tendons for use within a crack closure system. The extrusion and die-drawing procedure used to manufacture a series of PET tendon samples is described. The results from a set of restrained shrinkage tests, undertaken at differing activation temperatures, are also presented along with the mechanical properties of the most promising samples. The stress developed within the tendons is found to be related to the activation temperature, the cross-sectional area and to the draw rate used during manufacture. Comparisons with commercially-available PET strip samples used in previous research are made, demonstrating an increase in restrained shrinkage stress by a factor of two for manufactured PET filament samples.
Realization of negative inductance using variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) (1997)

The concept of the variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) has been proposed previously. VAPAR consists of an inverter and a few passive elements with a control system, which behaves like a two-terminal reactive element, and the produced active reactance works as a passive reactive component, including in transient state. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of negative inductance and to show how to produce negative inductance by VAPAR. First, the principle and realization of VAPAR and complete two-terminal VAPAR (CTT-VAPAR) are explained. Second, the characteristics of negative inductance are analyzed from the point of view of frequency characteristics of impedance and transient response, using capacitance as a reference. Finally, through simulations and experiments, it is verified that VAPAR can generate negative inductance, and it is demonstrated that the actual inductance is cancelled.
Isolation dependence of gate oxide quality at the LOCOS edge using an in-situ HCl-based pre-gate Pyroclean (2002)

The in-situ furnace HCl-based Pyroclean has been shown to remove metallics from silicon surfaces with dramatic efficiency. This paper demonstrates for the first time that, while the Pyroclean effectively reduces initial gate oxide shorts, it can degrade the gate oxide charge-to-breakdown of isolation modules which have not been properly optimized. A comparison of three LOCOS isolation schemes suggests that the Pyroclean preferentially attacks stressed previously roughened silicon. Optimizing the isolation edge to reduce stress and roughness is shown to eliminate deleterious Pyrocleaning effects.
[Organ preservation in intra- and extracorporeal kidney surgery]. (1979)

With the help of cases of own patients is reported on the possibility of organ preservation in intra- and extracorporal renal surgery. In 5 patients with tumours, 3 patients with coral calculi and one patient with an extended disease of the ureter five times the extracorporal renal surgery with following autotransplantation and initial pulsatile fall stream perfusion was performed. Four times the in-situ-perfusion with hypothermic Collins solution and in-situ-operation was performed. Indication and advantages for the different methods are demarcated.
Treatment of ovine oocytes with caffeine increases the accessibility of DNase I to the donor chromatin and reduces apoptosis in somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos (2010)

Caffeine treatment of ovine oocytes increases the activity of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and, in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, increases the frequency of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC). At the blastocyst stage, caffeine-treated SCNT embryos have increased cell numbers. One explanation for this is that NEBD and PCC release chromatin-bound somatic factors, allowing greater access of oocyte factors involved in DNA synthesis and nuclear reprogramming to donor chromatin. This could advance DNA replication and cleavage in the first cell cycle, resulting in increased cell numbers. Alternatively, increased MAPK activity may affect localisation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and reduce apoptosis. To investigate these possibilities, we investigated chromatin accessibility, the timing of DNA synthesis and first cleavage, the localisation of HSP27 during early development and the frequency of apoptotic nuclei at the blastocyst stage. Compared with control SCNT (non-caffeine treatment), caffeine treatment (10 mM caffeine for 6 h prior to activation) increased the accessibility of DNase I to donor chromatin (P < 0.05 at 1.5 h post activation (h.p.a.)), advanced DNA synthesis (43.5% v. 67.6%, respectively; P < 0.01 at 6 h.p.a.) and first cleavage (27.3% v. 40.5% at 20 h.p.a., respectively) and increased nuclear localisation of HSP27. Although development to the blastocyst stage was not affected, caffeine increased total cell numbers (98.5 v. 76.6; P < 0.05) and reduced the frequency of apoptotic nuclei (11.27% v. 20.3%; P < 0.05) compared with control SCNT group.
New three-dimensional memory array architecture for future ultrahigh-density DRAM (1999)

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) memory array architecture is proposed. This new architecture is realized by stacking several cells in series vertically on each cell located in a two-dimensional array matrix. Therefore, this memory array architecture has a conventional horizontal row and column address and new vertical row address. The total bit-line capacitance of this proposed architecture's DRAM is suppressed to 37% of normal DRAM when one bit-line has 1-Kbit cells and the same design rules are used. Moreover, an array area of 1-Mbit DRAM using the proposed architecture is reduced to 11.5% of normal DRAM using the same design rules. This proposed architecture's DRAM can realize small bit-line capacitance and small array area simultaneously. Therefore, this proposed 3-D memory array architecture is suitable for future ultrahigh-density DRAM.
VSE++: Improving Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Hard Negatives. (2018)

We present a new technique for learning visual-semantic embeddings for cross-modal retrieval. Inspired by hard negative mining, the use of hard negatives in structured prediction, and ranking loss functions, we introduce a simple change to common loss functions used for multi-modal embeddings. That, combined with fine-tuning and use of augmented data, yields significant gains in retrieval performance. We showcase our approach, VSE++, on MS-COCO and Flickr30K datasets, using ablation studies and comparisons with existing methods. On MS-COCO our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 8.8% in caption retrieval and 11.3% in image retrieval (at R@1).
A model of an ‘artificial stomach’ for assessing the characteristics of an antacid (1988)

A model of an 'artificial stomach' has been constructed in order to take into account some of the parameters lacking in conventional in vitro antacid evaluation, namely the interaction between secretory flux and variation in emptying fluxes, the presence of proteins, and the use of human gastric juice instead of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The 'artificial stomach' has two elements, the 'stomach' and the pH recording system. The 'stomach' includes a 'gastric' reservoir receiving secretory flux and is emptied by variable fluxes. Aluminium phosphate gel has been studied in 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl, without and with 1 or 5% meat extracts and also in 100 ml of human gastric juice. The antacid effect of 1 or 5% meat extracts has also been assessed. The antacid effect of aluminium phosphate was characterized by the pH rise of the 'gastric' contents, the buffering capacity, and the dilution of gastric contents. These factors were modulated by emptying fluxes. The same characteristics were found when antacid was studied in gastric juice. Proteins exerted a neutralizing effect and modified aluminium phosphate's antacid capacity. A mechanism for buffering capacity by cation aluminium is suggested.
A large deviations perspective on the efficiency of multilevel splitting (1998)

We analyze the performance of a multilevel splitting method for rare event simulation related to one recently proposed in the telecommunications literature. This method splits promising paths into subpaths at intermediate levels to increase the number of observations of a rare event. In our previous paper (1997) we gave sufficient conditions, in specific classes of models, for this method to be asymptotically optimal; here we focus on necessary conditions in a general setting. We show, through a variety of results, the importance of choosing the intermediate thresholds in a way consistent with the most likely path to a rare set, both when the number of levels is fixed and when it increases with the rarity of the event. In the latter case, we give very general necessary conditions based on large deviations rate functions. These indicate that even when the intermediate levels are chosen appropriately, the method will frequently fail to be asymptotically optimal. We illustrate the conditions with examples.
On-line adaptive digital correction of dual-quantisation delta–sigma modulators (1992)

The Letter describes the digital adaptive correction of nonidealities in dual-quantisation delta–sigma modulators. The sources and effects of nonidealities in a delta–sigraa loop are discussed, and a simple on-line correction scheme is presented. The theoretical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement is calculated and simulation results are given which illustrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Widespread impairment of cell proliferation in the neonate Ts65Dn mouse, a model for Down syndrome (2009)

Our results suggest that defective proliferation may be a generalized feature of trisomic mice. In view of the genetic and phenotypic similarities between Ts65Dn mice and individuals with Down syndrome, proliferation impairment in various organs may also occur in subjects with Down syndrome. Thus, perturbation of a basic developmental function, cell proliferation, may be a critical determinant that contributes to the many aspects of pathology of this condition.
AUTOMATIC STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION OF SINGLE PARTICLE CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: FROM IMAGES TO PSUEDO-ATOMIC MODELS (2007)

Three dimensional Electron Microscopy (EM) and in particular single particle reconstruction using cryo-EM, has rapidly advanced over recent years, such that increasingly several macromolecular complexes can be resolved at subnanometer resolution (6-10 Å). This paper reviews some of the main volumetric image and geometric post-processing steps once a three dimensional EM map (henceforth a 3D map) has been reconstructed from single particle Cryo-EM, as essential steps in an enhanced and automated computational structure interpretation pipeline. In particular the paper addresses automated filtering, critical point calculations, symmetric and non-symmetric molecular domain segmentation, molecular surface selection, curation, and protein secondary structure (α- helices and β-sheets) elucidation from 3D maps.
Metallic ReO3Nanoparticles (2005)

ReO3 nanoparticles in the diameter range of 8.5−32.5 nm have been prepared by decomposition of the Re2O7−dioxane complex under solvothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. The nanoparticles have the cubic (Pm3̄m {221} space group) structure with the lattice parameter increasing with decreasing size. The particles are metallic and show a plasmon band around 520 nm, which becomes blue-shifted with a decrease in size. The metallicity of the nanoparticles is also confirmed by tunneling conductance measurements. The nanoparticles show paramagnetic or diamagnetic behavior depending on the size, with evidence for superparamagnetism at low temperatures when the size is small.
Fluid stability in large scale ORCs using siloxanes: long-term experiences and fluid recycling (2015)

The results in this work show the influence of long-term operation on the decomposition of working fluids in eight different power plants (both heat-led and electricity-led) in a range of 900 kWel to 2 MWel. All case study plants are using Octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) as a working fluid. The case study plants are between six to 12 years old. On one system detailed analyses, including the fluid distribution throughout the cycle, have been conducted. All fluid samples have been analysed via Head Space Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). Besides the siloxane composition, the influence of contaminants such as mineral oil based lubricants (and its components) has been examined. In most cases the original main working fluid has degraded to fractions of siloxanes with a lower boiling point (low-boilers) and fractions with a higher boiling point (high-boilers). As a consequence of the analyses, a new fluid management system has been designed and tested in one case study plant (case study number 8). The measures include fluid separation, cleansing and recycling. Pre-post comparisons of fluid samples have proved the effectiveness of the methods. The results show that the recovery of used working fluid offers an alternative to the purchase of fresh fluid, since operating costs can be significantly reduced. For large facilities the prices for new fluid range from e15 per litre (in 2006) to e22 per litre (in 2013), which is a large reinvestment, especially in the light of filling volumes of 4000 litres to 7000 litres per cycle. With the above mentioned method a price of e8 per litre of recovered MDM can be achieved.