gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial discharge detection in medium voltage and high voltage cables: maximum distance for detection, length of cable, and some answers (2016)

Partial discharge (PD) measurement is becoming a common procedure in the commissioning and off-line diagnostic testing of cable systems. On-line PD cable monitoring is beginning to show growing interest as well. Arising from this is an important question being asked by testing companies, maintenance personnel, and asset managers: "What are the maximum lengths of high voltage (HV) and medium voltage (MV) cables that can be scanned with sufficient sensitivity for PD activity by present day PD detectors?" In other words, what is the maximum distance a PD measurement point can be from the PD source and still detect the PD. The answer can be complex, or not satisfactorily understood, being related to the measurement sensitivity, voltage level, type of insulation, and cable construction. Detection also depends on the bandwidth of the measurement circuit. The signal-to-noise ratio must be large enough to enable PD detection at a level compatible with the reliability of the cable, that is, terminating maintenance or commissioning diagnostic tests before cable breakdown. Indeed, the capability of detecting pulses with an apparent charge below 5 pC is a common requirement for HV polymeric cable systems [1], whereas a much lower sensitivity, i.e., 5 nC, for mass-impregnated cables is generally accepted. The meaning of such limits in cable systems is doubtful as PD measurements are most often done from the cable termination because localized sensors are often unavailable, and since not in close proximity to the source, a lumped-parameter network representing the cable network for picocoulomb calibration is invalid. In a cable system PD pulses travel on the conductor and metal sheath, and the cable is viewed as a distributed parameter network; thus, the PD quantity measured is typically volts or millivolts. As the PD pulses travel along the cable, they lose frequency content as a consequence of skin effect or ohmic loss at high frequencies, and semicon and insulation dielectric losses [2], [3].
Photoreduction of Eosin in the Bound State1a,b (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction of Eosin in the Bound State1a,bJudith S. Bellin and Gerald OsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 10, 2461–2464Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01567a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01567a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pedestrian Stop and Go Forecasting with Hybrid Feature Fusion (2022)

Forecasting pedestrians' future motions is essential for autonomous driving systems to safely navigate in urban areas. However, existing prediction algorithms often overly rely on past observed trajectories and tend to fail around abrupt dynamic changes, such as when pedestrians suddenly start or stop walking. We suggest that predicting these highly non-linear transitions should form a core component to improve the robustness of motion prediction algorithms. In this paper, we introduce the new task of pedestrian stop and go forecasting. Considering the lack of suitable existing datasets for it, we release TRANS, a benchmark for explicitly studying the stop and go behaviors of pedestrians in urban traffic. We build it from several existing datasets annotated with pedestrians' walking motions, in order to have various scenarios and behaviors. We also propose a novel hybrid model that leverages pedestrian-specific and scene features from several modalities, both video sequences and high-level attributes, and gradually fuses them to integrate multiple levels of context. We evaluate our model and several baselines on TRANS, and set a new benchmark for the community to work on pedestrian stop and go forecasting.
Conserved Glycine Residues in the Fusion Peptide of the Paramyxovirus Fusion Protein Regulate Activation of the Native State (2004)

Hydrophobic fusion peptides (FPs) are the most highly conserved regions of class I viral fusion-mediating glycoproteins (vFGPs). FPs often contain conserved glycine residues thought to be critical for forming structures that destabilize target membranes. Unexpectedly, a mutation of glycine residues in the FP of the fusion (F) protein from the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) resulted in mutant F proteins with hyperactive fusion phenotypes (C. M. Horvath and R. A. Lamb, J. Virol. 66:2443-2455, 1992). Here, we constructed G3A and G7A mutations into the F proteins of SV5 (W3A and WR isolates), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3). All of the mutant F proteins, except NDV G7A, caused increased cell-cell fusion despite having slight to moderate reductions in cell surface expression compared to those of wild-type F proteins. The G3A and G7A mutations cause SV5 WR F, but not NDV F or HPIV3 F, to be triggered to cause fusion in the absence of coexpression of its homotypic receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), suggesting that NDV and HPIV3 F have stricter requirements for homotypic HN for fusion activation. Dye transfer assays show that the G3A and G7A mutations decrease the energy required to activate F at a step in the fusion cascade preceding prehairpin intermediate formation and hemifusion. Conserved glycine residues in the FP of paramyxovirus F appear to have a primary role in regulating the activation of the metastable native form of F. Glycine residues in the FPs of other class I vFGPs may also regulate fusion activation.
Structure and pathogenicity of antibodies specific for citrullinated collagen type II in experimental arthritis (2009)

Antibodies to citrulline-modified proteins have a high diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their biological role in disease development is still unclear. To obtain insight into this question, a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies was generated against a major triple helical collagen type II (CII) epitope (position 359-369; ARGLTGRPGDA) with or without arginines modified by citrullination. These antibodies bind cartilage and synovial tissue, and mediate arthritis in mice. Detection of citrullinated CII from RA patients' synovial fluid demonstrates that cartilage-derived CII is indeed citrullinated in vivo. The structure determination of a Fab fragment of one of these antibodies in complex with a citrullinated peptide showed a surprising beta-turn conformation of the peptide and provided information on citrulline recognition. Based on these findings, we propose that autoimmunity to CII, leading to the production of antibodies specific for both native and citrullinated CII, is an important pathogenic factor in the development of RA.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Feasible Deprotection of Alcohol Tetrahydropyranyl or Methoxymethyl Ethers Catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oil and Gas on Indian Reservations: Statistical Methods Help to Establish Value for Royalty Purposes (2006)

Part of the history of oil and gas development on Indian reservations concerns potential underpayment of royalties due to under-valuation of production by oil companies. This paper discusses a model used by the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes in a lawsuit against the Federal government, claiming the Government failed to collect adequate royalties. Portions of the case have been settled out of court with compensation paid to the Tribes. Other portions remain pending. This material can be used as a real example in a calculus-based probability and statistics course.Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher's website.
Research of magnetic suspension technology for the reformation of turbine flow meter (2011)

This paper introduces a new-type turbine flow meter. The concept is to apply magnetic suspension bearing to reform turbine flow meter. Beginning with the structure and working principle of magnetic suspension bearing, the magnet suspension bearing is compared with the common bearing in their differences and characteristics. To draw a conclusion from the comparison that the turbine flow meter based on magnetic suspension bearings superiors to the one with common bearings, and the problems in the application of magnetic suspension bearing are introduced at the same time. Numerous experiments show that the range of measurement can be largely widened and the working life span of turbine flow meters also can be extended with magnetic suspension bearings.
Minimally Invasive Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation by a Posterolateral Approach for Acute Cervical Injury (2017)

This intramuscular approach allows for horizontal pedicle screw insertion. This technique is probably useful for reducing intraoperative bleeding. In this study, incidence of screw perforation was significantly lower in the MICEPS fixation group than in the conventional cervical pedicle screw group. In particular, neither of the misplaced screws was laterally deviated in the MICEPS group.
Key Management Requirements for Positive Train Control Communications Security (2006)

Positive Train Control (PTC) is an electronic system that enforces train separation, speed enforcement, roadway worker protection and a host of other activities essential to operate railroads safety and efficiently that requires wireless communication to exchange control and sensory information between mobile locomotive and static control centers and wayside devices. This requires communication security ensuring the freshness, confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the information. For that purpose, we propose a cryptography based key management system (KMS). This paper outlines the requirements for a KMS, provides a proposed key distribution method, and highlights several significant implementation tradeoffs.
Construction and Characterization of an Oncolytic HSV Vector Containing a Fusogenic Glycoprotein and Prodrug Activation for Enhanced Local Tumor Control (2009)

A large number of oncolytic viral vectors are currently under clinical development for cancer therapy. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has demonstrated particular promise in this field, showing genetically engineered selective tumor replication and cytotoxicity in a wide variety of tumor types, without damaging healthy tissues. Enhanced activity has been observed when a range of therapeutic genes has been inserted into various oncolytic HSV genomes. Here, we discuss methods used to develop and characterize an oncolytic HSV virus that combines expression of a highly potent prodrug activating gene (yeast cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase fusion [Fcy::Fur]) and the fusogenic glycoprotein from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) for enhanced local tumor control.
On the data requirements of probing (2022)

As large and powerful neural language models are developed, researchers have been increasingly interested in developing diagnostic tools to probe them. There are many papers with conclusions of the form "observation X is found in model Y ", using their own datasets with varying sizes. Larger probing datasets bring more reliability, but are also expensive to collect.
Experimental study of inhomogeneous wave reflection from a solid–air periodically rough boundary using leaky Rayleigh waves (1994)

In this paper a leaky Rayleigh wave is used as a source generating an exponentially decaying (along the wave front) inhomogeneous wave in a fluid. The inhomogeneity of the leaked wave beam profile is measured experimentally and compared with that predicted from the theoretically calculated imaginary part of the leaky Rayleigh wave number. The excited inhomogeneous wave is incident normally upon an aluminum sample with a rough back surface. The rough surface is isolated by a gap from the immersing liquid. The reflection of this wave from a solid–air boundary of periodic sawtooth profile is studied. The frequency spectrum of the wave reflected from such an aluminum–air rough surface is measured and a sharp dip in the spectrum is observed which can be attributed to the excitation of a Rayleigh wave along the rough surface. Good agreement is obtained between experimental data and inhomogeneous plane wave theory.
Use of Multi-Level Wells in Developing a 3-Dimensional Understanding of Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Migration at the Savannah River Site (2003)

Understanding the flow of groundwater and contaminants in 3-dimensions, along with hydraulic properties, is instrumental in selection and implementation of successful remediation efforts. Advances in multi-level groundwater monitoring at the Savannah River Site (SRS) are enabling engineers and geologists to collect the needed characterization data in an efficient, cost-effective manner. The SRS has developed a new multi-level groundwater monitoring well, "StrataSampler", which is being deployed for characterization and monitoring at several large groundwater plumes on the SRS. The installation method used allowed collection of data during the drilling process allowing optimization of screen placement within the aquifers and minimization of drilling costs and waste generation. Data generated during the installation of the StrataSamplers along with data collected from the installed wells is being used to understand the 3-dimensional nature of contaminant fate and transport. The L-Area Southern Groundwater Operable Unit is the first full-scale deployment of StrataSampler wells at SRS. Twenty-two StrataSampler wells with a total of 52 sampling zones were installed. The installation, development, hydraulic testing, sampling of the StrataSamplers at this unit and the resulting understanding of the contaminant plumes will be discussed in the paper and presentation.
25 Gb/s photoreceiver based on vertical-illumination type Ge-on-Si photodetector and CMOS amplifier circuit for optical interconnects (2015)

We report the silicon photonic receivers based on the hybrid-integrated vertical-illumination-type germanium-on-silicon photodetector and CMOS amplifier circuit, for optical interconnects. The high-speed vertical-illumination-type Ge-on-Si photodetector is defined on a bulk-silicon wafer, and the CMOS amplifier chip was designed with 65nm ground rule. The PCB-packaged 4 channel 25 Gb/s photoreceiver exhibits a resposivity of 0.68A/W. The sensitivity measured at a BER of 10<sup>−12 </sup>is -8.3 dBm and -2.4dBm for 25Gb/s and 32Gb/s, respectively. The energy efficiency is 2.19 pJ/bit at 25 Gb/s. The single-channel butterfly-packaged photoreceiver exhibits the sensitivity of -11dBm for 25 Gb/s at a BER of 10<sup>−12.</sup> The energy efficiency is 2.67 pJ/bit at 25 Gb/s.
Alternative splicing regulates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID): implications for suppression of AID mutagenic activity in normal and malignant B cells (2008)

The mutagenic enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal center (GC) B cells. Deregulated expression of AID is associated with various B-cell malignancies and, currently, it remains unclear how AID activity is extinguished to avoid illegitimate mutations. AID has also been shown to be alternatively spliced in malignant B cells, and there is limited evidence that this also occurs in normal blood B cells. The functional significance of these splice variants remains unknown. Here we show that normal GC human B cells and blood memory B cells similarly express AID splice variants and show for the first time that AID splicing variants are singly expressed in individual normal B cells as well as malignant B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. We further demonstrate that the alternative AID splice variants display different activities ranging from inactivation of CSR to inactivation or heightened SHM activity. Our data therefore suggest that CSR and SHM are differentially switched off by varying the expression of splicing products of AID at the individual cell level. Most importantly, our findings suggest a novel tumor suppression mechanism by which unnecessary AID mutagenic activities are promptly contained for GC B cells.
Multijunction Solar Cells on Epitaxial Templates (2008)

Future ultrahigh efficiency multijunction solar cells will employ designs that feature three or four or more subcells utilizing lattice-mismatched structures to achieve an optimal band gap sequence for solar energy conversion. While lattice-mismatched multijunction cells have been fabricated recently using metamorphic growth approaches, use of direct wafer bonding techniques to enable lattice mismatch accommodation at the subcell interfaces allows considerably more design freedom and inherently higher-quality, defect-free active regions. This thesis presents new results on wafer bonding and layer transfer for integration of materials with large lattice mismatch, as well as modeling work to better understand the key material parameters in the design of new multijunction solar cells. GaInP/GaAs dual junction solar cells on Ge/Si templates were fabricated using wafer bonding and ion implantation induced layer transfer techniques. Following layer transfer, the surface of the ~1.4 um thick transferred Ge(100) has an as-transferred RMS roughness of ~20 nm and a near surface layer containing a high density of ion implantation-induced defects. The RMS roughness has been reduced to An analytical p-n junction device physics model for GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP/InGaAs four junction solar cells was developed. Real behavior of solar cells is accounted for by including: free carrier absorption, temperature and doping effects on carrier mobility, as well as two recombination pathways: Shockley-Read-Hall recombination from a single mid gap trap level and surface recombination. Upper bounds set by detailed balance calculations can be approached by letting the parameters approach ideal conditions. Detailed balance calculations always benefit from added subcells, current matching requirements in series connected p-n multijunctions indicate a minimum performance required from added subcells for net contribution to the overall device. This model allows novel solar cell structures to be evaluated by providing realistic predictions of the performance limitations of these multijunction devices.
Conductive polymers (1967)

There appears to be a steady increase in the number of publications dealing with the electronic properties of organic solids in general. Conductive polymers are of particular interest since they are expected to have better mechanical properties, and are thus more suitable for technical applications, than the monomeric conducting organic materials which are mainly micro crystalline or amorphous solids.
Optimized FMIPv6 handover using IEEE802.21 MIH services (2006)

The emerging IEEE802.21 standard defines Media Independent Handover Functions (MIHF) that assist mobile nodes to seamlessly roam across heterogeneous access networks. The aim of this paper is to present a mechanism which uses existing IEEE802.21 MIH services to optimize the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) procedure. For this, we have exploited the 802.21 Information services in particular to tackle issues such as radio access discovery and candidate access router discovery which are critical to the handover performance of FMIPv6. We will show through analysis that, when our proposed mechanism is applied, it increases the probability of predictive mode of operation by reducing the anticipation time and thereby reduces the overall expected handover latency in FMIPv6.
Real-time audio buffering for telephone applications (2001)

A system that uses an ear proximity sensor to actively manage periods of distraction during telephone conversations is described. We detect when the phone is removed from the ear, record any incoming audio, and play it back when the phone is returned to the ear. By dropping silent intervals and speeding up playback with a pitch-preserving algorithm, we quickly return to real-time without the loss of information. This real-time audio buffering technique also allows us to create a user-activated, lossless instant replay function.
Resolving travel-time variability of the coupled oceanographic-tomographic analysis and prediction system (COTAPS) (2007)

It has been suggested that the tomographic approach that feeds the 8–11 kHz ocean acoustic measurements into an ocean model using data from bottom-mounted hydrophones, suffers from a significant travel-time variability due to the surface waves. In this work, the influence of the ocean surface motion on the acoustic travel times has been studied using both the experimental data collected at the Pacific missile range facility (PMRF) off Kauai, and an appropriate acoustic model. The ray-based acoustic model developed is an adaptation of the range-dependent version of Bellhop with the modified top surface characterizing ocean surface waves. The model-generated time series suggests a direct relationship between the phase of the top surface wave and the time-of arrival, which is further confirmed by the experimental data. Furthermore, an approach is developed that automatically decouples the effect of the top surface waves from the environment-related phenomena, making it possible to assign the travel time variations produced by the physical phenomena independently of the surface geometry, in turn eliminating the surface related error. [Work supported by the ONR.]
ChemInform Abstract: A Dieckmann/Ring Expansion Approach to Tetrahydropyrido‐ and Tetrahydroazepino‐(1,2‐a)indoles. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.