gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of intrathymic tolerance induction to isolated rat hepatocyte allografts (1997)

Intrathymic injection of alloantigen in young adult rats is capable of mediating long-lived transplantation tolerance. In this study, we use a well-defined model of isolated hepatocyte transplantation to define the mechanisms of intrathymic induced tolerance. The recipient rats are Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) that are deficient in albumin, to allow for following transplant acceptance using metabolic and genetic markers. Tolerance to allogeneic hepatocyte transplants could be mediated by intrathymic injection of live allogeneic splenocytes, lethally irradiated splenocytes, or isolated hepatocytes. Intrathymic injection of live allogeneic splenocytes, but not of hepatocytes or irradiated splenocytes, resulted in donor microchimerism in peripheral lymphoid organs, with preferential expansion of CD4-positive T cells in the recipient spleens. Tolerance could be adoptively transferred from tolerant animals to naive recipients, but only from those animals that had been inoculated with intrathymic donor splenocytes. We conclude that donor microchimerism is found after intrathymic inoculation of live splenocytes, but is not required for tolerance induction and that microchimerism is not an absolute requirement for the generation of regulatory cells.
Soy Proteins As a Sustainable Solution to Strengthen Recycled Paper and Reduce Deposition of Hydrophobic Contaminants in Papermaking: A Bench and Pilot-Plant Study (2017)

Hydrophobic contaminants (stickies) incorporated with recycled fibers cause severe papermaking processing and product quality problems, which lead to low runnability and increased production cost. Stickies negatively affect paper strength and many other properties. In this work, we propose a sustainable approach by the application of soy protein isolate (SPI), soy flour (SF), and soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) as agents to combat hydrophobic contaminants. Tests at the bench and pilot-plant scales and under conditions similar to industrial operations demonstrated the reduction of associated challenges and the improvement of a paper’s dry strength. The soy agents were applied to aqueous dispersions of lignin-free recycled fibers (dosage levels of 1–2% based on the fiber dry weight), which contained additives typically used in papermaking (fillers, sizing agent, and others). Talc, a common detackifier, was applied in similar systems that were used as reference. The proteins were added under both high and low shear conditions, and their effect in reducing paper tackiness and increasing internal bonding was confirmed. The maximum reduction in tacky particles count was achieved with SF (2% addition level based on fiber) under mild agitation and 30 min contact time. Remarkably, synergistic effects on the fiber electrostatic charges and paper porosity and formation were observed upon the addition of the soy proteins. The obtained results indicate that residual soy products represent an inexpensive, sustainable, and environmentally benign solution to enhance papermaking performance relative to conventional and more expensive agents that are in current use.
Basal Pressure Variations Induced by a Turbulent Flow Over a Wavy Surface (2021)

Turbulent flows over wavy surfaces give rise to the formation of ripples, dunes and other natural bedforms. To predict how much sediment these flows transport, research has focused mainly on basal shear stress, which peaks upstream of the highest topography, and has largely ignored the corresponding pressure variations. In this article, we reanalyze old literature data, as well as more recent wind tunnel results, to shed a new light on pressure induced by a turbulent flow on a sinusoidal surface. While the Bernoulli effect increases the velocity above crests and reduces it in troughs, pressure exhibits variations that lag behind the topography. We extract the in-phase and in-quadrature components from streamwise pressure profiles and compare them to hydrodynamic predictions calibrated on shear stress data.
Real-Time Continuous Multiresolution Method for Models of Arbitrary Topology (1998)

Many multiresolution methods have been proposed. Most of them emphasize accuracy and hence are slow. Some methods may be fast, but they may not preserve the geometry of the model. Although there are a few real-time multiresolution methods available, they are developed mainly for handling large terrain models. In this paper, we present a very efficient multiresolution method for continuously reducing the resolution of a triangle model by incrementally removing triangles from it. The algorithm is simple to implement, requires no complicated data structures, and has a linear triangle deletion rate. We also present a method for caching the most recent sequence of triangle removal operations into a list, called the simplification list, so that it is possible to continuously increase the resolution of the model by inserting triangles in the reverse order of the sequence. We will compare our method with Hoppe's progressive meshes. Towards the end of the paper, we discuss the performance and memory usage of our method.
rhiever/tpot: Sparse matrix support, early stopping, and checkpointing (2017)

<strong>TPOT now supports sparse matrices</strong> with a new built-in TPOT configurations, "TPOT sparse". We are using a custom OneHotEncoder implementation that supports missing values and continuous features. We have added an "early stopping" option for stopping the optimization process if no improvement is made within a set number of generations. Look up the <code>early_stop</code> parameter to access this functionality. TPOT now reduces the number of duplicated pipelines between generations, which saves you time during the optimization process. TPOT now supports custom scoring functions via the command-line mode. We have added a new optional argument, <code>periodic_checkpoint_folder</code>, that allows TPOT to periodically save the best pipeline so far to a local folder during optimization process. TPOT no longer uses <code>sklearn.externals.joblib</code> when <code>n_jobs=1</code> to avoid the potential freezing issue that scikit-learn suffers from. We have added <code>pandas</code> as a dependency to read input datasets instead of <code>numpy.recfromcsv</code>. NumPy's <code>recfromcsv</code> function is unable to parse datasets with complex data types. Fixed a bug that <code>DEFAULT</code> in the parameter(s) of nested estimator raises <code>KeyError</code> when exporting pipelines. Fixed a bug related to setting <code>random_state</code> in nested estimators. The issue would happen with pipeline with <code>SelectFromModel</code> (<code>ExtraTreesClassifier</code> as nested estimator) or <code>StackingEstimator</code> if nested estimator has <code>random_state</code> parameter. Fixed a bug in the missing value imputation function in TPOT to impute along columns instead rows. Refined input checking for sparse matrices in TPOT.
Obstacle Avoidance Influence Coefficients for Manipulator Motion Planning (2005)

Motion planning in cluttered environments is a weakness of current robotic technology. While research addressing this issue has been conducted, few efforts have attempted to use minimum distance rates of change in motion planning. Geometric influence coefficients provide extraordinary insight into the interactions between a robot and its environment. They isolate the geometry of distance functions from system inputs and make the higher-order properties of minimum distance magnitudes directly available. Knowledge of the higher order properties of minimum distance magnitudes can be used to predict the future obstacle avoidance, path planning, and/or target acquisition state of a manipulator system and aid in making intelligent motion planning decisions. Here, first and second order geometric influence coefficients for minimum distance magnitudes are rigorously developed for several simple modeling primitives. A general method for similar derivations using new primitives and an evaluation of finite difference approximations versus analytical second order coefficient calculations are presented. Two application examples demonstrate the utility of minimum distance magnitude influence coefficients in motion planning.
Representation, Reality, and Emotions Across Media (2006)

This article addresses two questions about artworks. First, why do we emotionally respond to characters and stories that we believe are fictional? Second, why are some media better than others at generating specific types of emotions? I answer these questions using psychological research that suggests our minds are not unified, but are comprised of numerous subsystems that respond differently to various aspects of artworks. I then propose a framework to help us understand how films, videogames, and literature interact with our minds in different ways, which explains why they tend to excel at generating different types of emotions.
The architecture and performance of CAVASS (2008)

Our group has been developing medical image software systems since the early 1980s. Our latest system, CAVASS, is freely available, open source, integrated with popular toolkits, and runs on Windows, Unix, Linux, and Mac OS. The architecture of CAVASS incorporates parallel processing by exploiting inexpensive networks of workstations. CAVASS is directed at the visualization, processing, and analysis of nD medical imagery, so support for large medical imagery data and the efficient implementation of algorithms is given paramount importance. We describe the architecture of CAVASS, the parallelization strategy, and present the results of comparing the implementation of CAVASS algorithms with similar algorithms in ITK and VTK for a host of operations.
A Disruptive Innovation for Upgrading Methane to C3 Commodity Chemicals (2020)

C123 is a €6.4 million European Horizon 2020 (H2020) integrated project running from 2019 to 2023, bringing together 11 partners from seven different European countries. There are large reserves of stranded natural gas waiting for a viable solution and smaller scale biogas opportunities offering methane feedstocks rich in carbon dioxide, for which utilisation can become an innovation advantage. C123 will evaluate how to best valorise these unexploited methane resources by an efficient and selective transformation into easy-to-transport liquids such as propanol and propanal that can be transformed further into propylene and fed into the US$6 billion polypropylene market. In C123 the selective transformation of methane to C3 hydrocarbons will be realised via a combination of oxidative conversion of methane (OCoM) and hydroformylation, including thorough smart process design and integration under industrially relevant conditions. All C123 technologies exist at TRL3 (TRL = technology readiness level), and the objectives of C123 will result in the further development of this technology to TRL5 with a great focus on the efficient overall integration of not only the reaction steps but also the required purification and separation steps, incorporating the relevant state-of-the-art engineering expertise.
Unobtrusive Sensing Technology Detects Ecologically Valid Spatiotemporal Patterns of Daily Routines Distinctive to Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment (2021)

The linkage between bathroom and kitchen activities with MCI may be the result of biological, health, and environmental factors in play. In-home, real-time unobtrusive-sensing offers a novel way of delineating cognitive health with chronologically-ordered movement across indoor locations.
Dreikomponentenreaktionen. I. Halogenierung von Olefinen in Gegenwart organischer Cyanverbindungen (1969)

Abstract Bei der elektrophilen Halogenierung von Olefinen in Gegenwart organischer Cyanverbindungen, wie RCN, RSCN, R 2 NCN, CICN und ROCN werden neben den 1,2‐Dihalogenalkanen N‐(β‐Haloalkyl)‐imidhalogenide erhalten, die bei Hydrolyse die entsprechenden Amide ergeben. So sind N‐(β‐Haloalkyl)‐amide, N‐(β‐Haloalkyl)‐thiolurethane, N‐(β‐Haloalkyl)‐N′,N′‐dialkylharnstoffe und N‐(β‐Haloalkyl)‐urethane zugänglich. Die primär entstehenden Verbindungen mit Imidhalogenidstruktur sind teils zersetzliche, teils in Substanz isolierbare Verbindungen.
Mechanisms of ultrasonic agglomeration for dewatering colloid suspensions. (1987)

L'application d'energie ultrasonique permet d'ameliorer la separation de particules fines dispersees. De plus, le processus permet de realiser des economies d'energie
Asphalt Viscosity-Related Properties of In-Service Pavements in Pennsylvania (1973)

Six viscosity-graded asphalts from different sources were used in the construction of the pavements studied and reported in this paper. Tests to determine the viscosity-related properties of the original asphalts, as well as the asphalts recovered from time to time from the pavements in service, have been conducted. Evaluation of the performance of these test pavements has been carried out by a team of five engineers. The aging index based on viscosity at 77 F (25 C) has been found to conform to the pavement performance rating and thus seems to be more meaningful to indicate comparative aging and life expectancy of the test pavements. Shear susceptibility of the asphalt cements seems to be one of the major factors affecting the pavement performance. Present viscosity-graded specifications should be supplemented with a maximum permissible shear-susceptibility value at 77 F so as to control the durability of the asphalts. The maximum amount of shear susceptibility that may develop in a paving-grade asphalt prior to pavement failure is indicated in the data obtained.
The Habitat Filters of Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity (2021)

An imbalance in the microbiota may contribute to many human illnesses, which has prompted efforts to rebalance it by targeting the microbes themselves. However, by supplying the habitat, the host wields a prominent influence over microbial growth at body surfaces, raising the possibility that rebalancing the microbiota by targeting our immune system would be a viable alternative. Host control mechanisms that sculpt the microbial habitat form a functional unit with the microbiota, termed microbiota-nourishing immunity, that confers colonization resistance against pathogens. The host components of microbiota-nourishing immunity can be viewed as habitat filters that select for microbial traits licensing growth and survival in host habitat patches. Here we review current knowledge of how host-derived habitat filters shape the size, species composition, and spatial heterogeneity of the microbiota and discuss whether these host control mechanisms could be harnessed for developing approaches to rebalance microbial communities during dysbiosis.
Studies on Jamu and the medicinal resources in Indonesia. Part 2. Studies on the Constituents of Fruits of Helicteres isora L. (1999)

Three new compounds; 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl rosmarinic acid (2), 4, 4'-O-di-β-D-glucopyranosyl rosmarinic acid(3) and 2R-O-(4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeoyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactic acid named as 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl isorinic acid (4) were isolated together with rosmarinic acid (1) from the fruit of Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant. The structures of these compounds, including the absolute stereochemistry of 4, were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical means. Compound 3 had greater scavenging activity against superoxide anion produced with xanthine and xanthine oxidase (XOD) than rosmarinic acid (1).
Regional Scanning Strategy of UAV Cluster Platform for Mobile Emergency Broadcasting (2023)

With the development of release and retrieval technology for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), the aerial cluster platform composed of carrier aircraft and multiple rotor UAVs can be used as a new approach for mobile emergency broadcasting operations. It indicates that we can resolve the paradoxical relationship between limited endurance of UAVs and large scale mission area. This paper proposes a region scanning strategy based on the aerial UAV cluster platform. The system can achieve all-region broadcasting in disaster ares, as well as audio and video collection for disaster assessment and emergency rescue.
VEGF-D is an X-linked/AP-1 Regulated Putative Onco-angiogen in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (2001)

GBM expressed ubiquitously VEGF-D, which colocalized with GFAP. Contrary to our expectations, low levels of c-Fos were detected in GBM cells. However, we identified another Fos family member, Fra-1, together with its transcriptional activation partner, c-Jun, as being stably up-regulated in GBM cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a fra-1 transgene induced VEGF-D expression in cultured cells and GBM cell stimulation evoked a sustained increase in both Fra-1 and VEGF-D levels. This study reveals that an up-regulation of AP-1 factors may be a hallmark of GBM. Because VEGF-D activates VEGF receptor 2 and 3, receptors important for tumor angiogenesis, it may represent an X-linked/AP-1-regulated onco-angiogen in human GBM. The VEGF-D system and AP-1 activity appear to be very attractive targets for new molecular diagnostics and rational molecular anti-cancer therapies.
Phospholipase D2 functions as a downstream signaling molecule of MAP kinase pathway in L1‐stimulated neurite outgrowth of cerebellar granule neurons (2004)

Stimulation of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) enhances neurite outgrowth and this response is inhibited by the primary alcohol ethanol. Because primary alcohols suppress the formation of the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) by phospholipase D (PLD), this observation prompted us to investigate whether PLD plays a role in the L1-mediated neurite outgrowth in CGNs. In the cerebellum of postnatal day 8 mice, PLD2 protein was abundantly expressed, while PLD1 expression was not detected. The L1-stimulated neurite outgrowth was inhibited by primary alcohols and by overexpression of lipase-deficient PLD2. Increases in cellular PA levels by direct PA application or overexpression of wild-type PLD2 mimicked the L1-dependent stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, it was found that L1 stimulation in CGNs increased PLD activity concomitantly with phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), both of which were inhibited by the MAP kinase-ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor. These results provide evidence that PLD2 functions as a downstream signaling molecule of ERK to mediate the L1-dependent neurite outgrowth of CGNs, a mechanism that may be related to alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
Image based diagnosis of cortical cataract (2008)

An automatic approach to detect cortical opacities and grade the severity of cortical cataract from retro-illumination images is proposed. The spoke-like feature of cortical opacity is employed to separate from other opacity type. The proposed algorithms were tested by images from a community study. The success rate of region of interest (ROI) detection is 98.2% for 611 images. For 466 images tested, the mean error of opacity area detection is 3.15% compared with human grader and 85.6% of exact cortical cataract grading is obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is promising in clinical diagnosis.
Laser‐driven beam lines for delivering intensity modulated radiation therapy with particle beams (2012)

Laser-accelerated particles are a promising option for radiation therapy of cancer by potentially combining a compact, cost-efficient treatment unit with the physical advantages of charged particle beams. To design such a treatment unit we consider different dose delivery schemes and analyze the necessary devices in the required particle beam line for each case. Furthermore, we point out that laser-driven treatment units may be ideal tools for motion adaptation during radiotherapy. Reasons for this are the potential of a flexible gantry and the time structure of the beam with high particle numbers in ultrashort bunches. One challenge that needs to be addressed is the secondary radiation produced in several beam line elements.
Highly selective antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of 3-(1-methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphth[1,2-d]imidazole, a new non-acidic molecule. (1986)

3-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphth[1,2-d] imidazole (MDL-035) has antiinflammatory activity in various antiinflammatory models such as carrageenin and nystatin oedemas, cotton pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis. The antiinflammatory potency of MDL-035 is greater than that of acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone, but lower than that of indomethacin. MDL-035 has practically no gastroulcerogenic activity in rats, does not affect water or salt excretion, has no hormonal or antihormonal effects and has no other unwanted pharmacological effects. Its acute toxicity is very low.
Effects of medicinal compounds on the differentiation of the eukaryotic microorganism dictyostelium discoideum: can this model be used as a screening test for reproductive toxicity in humans? (2003)

Dictyostelium discoideum is a single-cell, eukaryotic microorganism that can undergo multicellular development in order to produce dormant spores. We investigated the capacity of D. discoideum to be used as a rapid screening system for potential developmental toxicity of compounds under development as pharmaceuticals. We used a set of four transgenic D. discoideum strains that expressed a reporter gene under the control of promoters that are active at certain time periods and in distinct cell types during D. discoideum development. We found that teratogens such as valproic acid, tretinoin, or thalidomide interfered to various extents with D. discoideum development, and had different effects on prestalk and prespore cell-specific reporter gene expression. Phenytoin was inactive in this assay, which may point to limitations in metabolization of the compound in Dictyostelium required to exert developmental toxicity. D. discoideum cell culture is cheap and easy to handle compared to mammalian cell cultures or animal teratogenicity models. Although the Dictyostelium-based assay described in this report may not securely predict the teratogenic potential of these drugs in humans, this organism may be qualified for rapid large-scale screenings of synthetic compounds under development as new pharmaceuticals for their potential to interfere with developmental processes and thus help to reduce the amount of teratogenicity tests in animal models.
CXCL12 mediates T‐cell migration via activation of the non‐canonical Wnt signaling pathway (2008)

CXCL12 acts as a strong chemoattractant during inflammation and mediates its effects by binding and signaling through its receptor, CXCR4 to regulate the trafficking of cells. To better understand the pathways by which CXCL12 mediates T‐lymphocyte migration, we performed microarray analysis on resting and migrating T‐cells exposed to CXCL12. Through these analyses, we identified a number of unique signaling molecules induced by CXCL12 treatment including the induction of several members of the non‐canonical Wnt pathway. The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt5A along with its receptors Fzd2 and Fzd3 were significantly induced upon CXCL12 treatment in a biphasic and time‐dependent manner. In addition, the transcriptional activation of the Wnt5A promoter by CXCL12 was further confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). siRNA and shRNA knockdown of Wnt5a in primary T cells and transformed T cell lines, respectively, significantly inhibited CXCR4 signaling and function suggesting an important role for the Wnt‐Fzd pathways in chemokine‐chemokine receptor function. Moreover, chemokine‐induced Wnt and Fzd molecules appear to play a critical role in PKC and Rac activation, MMP expression and actin polymerization in response to CXCL12 stimulation. Together, these results implicate the possible involvement of the non‐canonical Wnt signaling pathway in chemokine activation and T cell trafficking