gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical design of freeform two-mirror beam-shaping systems (2007)

The problem of design of a two-mirror optical system for reshaping the irradiance distribution of a laser beam in a prescribed manner is considered in the geometrical optics approximation. The presented design equations are derived in a rigorous manner and are applicable to two-mirror optical systems not limited to radiance profiles and beam cross sections that are rotational or rectangular symmetric. The resulting mirrors are free-form surfaces not restricted by a priori constraints. Moreover, the presented approach shows also that even in the general case two different designs are available for the same data. In one of these designs the first mirror is always concave and the second is convex, while in the second design the resulting mirrors may be neither convex nor concave. Since, in general, the surface mirrors are aspherical, the availability of a design with convex and concave mirrors is particularly important for fabrication.
Activation of Hemoglobin C Synthesis in Sheep Marrow Culture (1973)

Erythropoietin preferentially stimulates hemoglobin C synthesis in suspension cultures of marrow cells from sheep homozygous for hemoglobin A; the amount of synthesis is dependent on the dose of erythropoietin and is blocked by antiserum to erythropoietin. The results provide the first in vitro evidence that erythropoietin mediates the hemoglobin A --> C "switch" in sheep and indicate that bone marrow cultures may be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the preferential gene activation characteristic of the hemoglobin A --> C system.
Behavior of bellows (2000)

While analysis of bellows, and in particular unreinforced bellows, has been investigated over the course of the last several decades, there remain a significant number of unanswered questions with respect to their behavior. The present research addresses their behavior under cyclic displacement loading; in particular, strain due to displacement. Prediction of strain range due to displacement is important in the fatigue design of bellows. In addition, a number of other areas are clarified by ancillary research. -- Design of bellows for cyclic displacement loading primarily relies on data obtained from bellows fatigue tests. Further, fatigue data on bellows fabricated from one material is not considered a reliable indication of the fatigue performance of bellows fabricated from another material. This is because there has not been a good correlation between the fatigue performance of bellows based on calculated stress versus cycles to failure with that for the material of construction, as represented by polished barfatigue curves. -- This research shows that the differences in fatigue behavior of reinforced and unreinforced bellows, and the differences between bellows fatigue data and polished bar fatigue data is due to plastic strain concentration that occurs in bellows. -- The existing, widely used charts and equations for evaluation of unreinforced bellows were found in this research to have sufficient accuracy for calculation of the significant stresses in the elastic regime for most bellows geometries. Some specific observations for further improvement are made. However, it was found that the elastic prediction of stresses in unreinforced bellows is not sufficient to accurately evaluate the displacement strains in bellows. Significant plastic strain concentration due to displacement loading occurs in the highly stressed regions of bellows. Regimes of behavior, depending on geometry parameters, were found. Prediction of fatigue performance of bellows is significantly improved by proper consideration of the effect of convolution geometry on plastic strain concentration. -- Consideration of strain concentration effects eliminated the apparent disparity between the fatigue behavior of reinforced and unreinforced bellows. Further, it was found that polished bar fatigue data could be used to predict bellows fatigue life for a range of geometries.
5940Right ventricular reverse remodeling occurs early after transcatheter tricuspid valve repair for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation and is associated with better outcome (2019)

Abstract Background Transcatheter edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) is a novel treatment option in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), right-sided heart failure and prohibitive surgical risk. Purpose We investigated whether RVRR can occur early after TTVR in patients with isolated TR and its potential association with clinical outcome. Method We measured right ventricular parameters by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at baseline (BL) in 44 consecutive patients undergoing TTVR for isolated severe TR. We obtained follow-up (FU) TTEs after 1 month. Results At BL, we observed dilated RVs with an RV end-diastolic area (RVEDA) of 28.0±8.3cm2, RV mid diameter of 40.7±7.3mm and tricuspid annulus of 47.5±8.1mm. The majority of patients (63%) showed RV systolic dysfunction with either a tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) &lt;17mm or fractional area change (FAC) &lt;35%. In 40 Patients (90%), a periprocedural TR reduction by at least 1 degree was achieved (p&lt;0.01). During further clinical FU (272±183 days), 21 patients died (of whom 14 had prior hospitalizations for heart failure before death), 8 patients had hospitalizations for heart failure, 1 patient underwent heart transplantation and 1 patient was lost to clinical FU. We acquired a short-term echocardiographic follow-up (Echo-FU) after 30 days in 36 patients (82%). TR reduction was stable after 1 month with a TR grade ≤2+ in 26 of 36 patients (72%, p&lt;0.01 vs BL). We detected RVRR in the majority of patients with 1-month Echo-FU: RVEDA decreased from 28.8±8.2 to 26.3±7.4cm2 (p&lt;0.01), RV mid diameter from 41.2±7.3 to 38.5±7.7mm (p&lt;0.01) and tricuspid annulus from 48.3±8.3 to 42.8±6.6mm (Figure, p&lt;0.01). We observed a non-significant trend towards reduction of TAPSE (17.5mm to 16.1 mm, p=0.12) and FAC (37.8% to 35.5%, p=0.17), which could represent a normalization of systolic function of a previously hyperactive RV. Next, we evaluated whether RVRR is potentially associated with clinical outcome. We stratified patients into two groups with more or less than median change in RVEDA, RV mid diameter and TV annulus. Fewer combined clinical events (time to death or repeat intervention or first hospitalization for heart failure) were observed in patients with pronounced decrease of RV mid diameter (p=0.03) and TV annulus (Figure, p=0.02) at FU. A decrease of RVEDA showed a non-significant trend towards better outcome (p=0.06). Figure 1 Conclusions Our report demonstrates that RVRR occurs already 1 month after TTVR for isolated TR and is associated with less clinical endpoints.
A survey of security issues in multicast communications (1999)

The emergence and popularity of group-oriented applications on the World Wide Web has triggered a demand for scalable security solutions for group communication. One such solution, secure multicast is appealing because it leverages the efficiency of multicast data delivery. However, it also presents several research challenges, most notably in a group communication architecture, group key management, and message source authentication. In this survey, we discuss these issues and review proposed solutions to them.
The Synthesis and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase Inhibition of Aminoöxy Acids and Related Compounds (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase Inhibition of Aminoöxy Acids and Related CompoundsE. L. Schumann, L. A. Paquette, R. V. Heinzelman, D. P. Wallach, J. P. DaVanzo, and M. E. GreigCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 3, 464–477Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01238a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01238a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Quantification of HIV DNA in the brain by PCR: differences between fresh frozen and formalin fixed tissue. (1996)

HIV-1 DNA extracted from frozen and formalin fixed brain tissue can be detected using PCR. This work has been extended by amplifying, using semiquantitative PCR, HIV DNA extracted from frontal lobe tissue of 16 patients with AIDS (eight positive and eight negative for p24 antigen). DNA was amplified using HIV-1 pol gene digoxigenin labelled primers and detected by chemiluminescence and densitometry. Cloned standards were amplified in parallel for quantification. HIV DNA levels detected in frozen tissue showed a correlation with p24 positivity and the severity of the histological diagnosis. This correlation was less clear in the formalin fixed material.
Measurements in Film Cooling With Lateral Injection: Adiabatic Effectiveness Values and Temperature Fields (2000)

Temperature fields were taken in a film cooling lateral injection configuration with pitch-to-hole-diameter of 3.0. These measurements were done with a traversing thermocouple. Momentum flux ratios of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.25 were used. Results are presented as fields of dimensionless temperatures, given by θ=Tprobe-T∞Tc-T∞. Near-surface values of this quantity over an unheated surface are adiabatic effectiveness values. Streamwise evolutions of these temperature fields are documented. It is seen how with higher blowing ratio the film cooling jets tend to lift off the surface. Comparisons are made to previous data and computational results. It is verified that lateral injection yields a more uniform distribution of effectiveness immediately downstream of injection. It is shown also how interaction of adjacent film cooling jets leads to such improved uniformity. This interaction depends on the pitch to diameter ratio, P/D. In order to study the effect of this parameter, additional data with P/D = 6.0 are presented. The present thermal field data complement previous velocity field measurements taken in the same flow.
Protocol: a fast, comprehensive and reproducible one-step extraction method for the rapid preparation of polar and semi-polar metabolites, lipids, proteins, starch and cell wall polymers from a single sample (2016)

The described extraction protocol provides a simple and straightforward method for the efficient extraction of lipids, metabolites and proteins from minute amounts of a single sample, enabling the targeted but also untargeted high-throughput analyses of diverse biological tissues and samples.
Determination of the Distance and Velocity of an Acoustic Source from Bearing and Frequency Measurements (1994)

Abstract : In this report, a technique is developed that uses frequency and bearing measurements to determine the distance and velocity of a steady sinusoidal acoustic source moving with constant velocity relative to a receiver (which may or may not be in motion).
Clinical outcome of sorafenib treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (2013)

Additional therapy with sorafenib could probably improve the prognosis of HAIC refractory patients.
Valvular Cardiomyopathy Persists Postoperatively in Aortic Regurgitation Patients: Data from cMRI-Based Cohort Study (2022)

Background: Aortic valve regurgitation leads to a volume overload of the left ventricle, which results in potentially irreversible structural and functional changes in the myocardial architecture. In our study, we aimed to investigate the progress of valvular cardiomyopathy in aortic regurgitation (AR) patients following aortic valve surgery.
Emotional face processing in schizophrenia (2009)

These findings suggest that there may soon be more options for overcoming specific problems in emotional face evaluation in people who have schizophrenia.
L-Arginine Does Not Improve Cortical Perfusion or Histopathological Outcome in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Subjected to Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Photothrombotic Occlusion (1996)

The potential of nitric oxide (NO) to influence positively or negatively the outcome of mechanically induced focal cerebral ischemia is still controversial. Recent evidence suggests that NO of vascular origin, whether synthesized from exogenously administered L-arginine (L-Arg) or from NO donor compounds, is beneficial but that of neuronal origin is not. However, the therapeutic potential of NO to ameliorate stroke induced by arterial thrombosis has not been reported. We assessed the therapeutic effect of L-Arg administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to permanent photothrombotic occlusion of the distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA). The ipsilateral carotid artery was left unligated to enhance L-Arg delivery into the putative penumbral region. Local CBF (LCBF) was assessed at 30 min by the [14C]iodoantipyrine technique (n = 9), while histological infarct volumes and index of peripheral ischemic cell change were determined at 3 days (n = 7). Rats (n = 9) given 300 mg/kg L-Arg at 18 and 3 h before photothrombotic dMCA occlusion and at 5 min afterward displayed no significant differences in LCBF compared with animals (n = 8) injected with water (the carrier vehicle) and similarly irradiated. Infarct volumes were also similar, being 37.0 +/- 9.7 mm3 (SD) in the vehicle-treated and 49.1 +/- 17.2 mm3 (SD) in the L-Arg-treated groups (both n = 7), as were assessments of ischemic neuronal density in the penumbra. In contrast, L-Arg administered intravenously in a dose of 300 mg/kg to nonischemic SHR (n = 5) increased cortical CBF by approximately 75% during a 70-min observation period. We conclude that thrombotic processes superimposed upon cerebral ischemia may facilitate tissue reactions that offset the potentially beneficial effect of L-Arg, and this caveat must be considered when proposing L-Arg for clinical treatment of focal thrombotic stroke.
Learning an Image-based Obstacle Detector With Automatic Acquisition of Training Data (2018)

We detect and localize obstacles in front of a mobile robot by means of a deep neural network that maps images acquired from a forward-looking camera to the outputs of five proximity sensors. The robot autonomously acquires training data in multiple environments; once trained, the network can detect obstacles and their position also in unseen scenarios, and can be used on different robots, not equipped with proximity sensors. We demonstrate both the training and deployment phases on a small modified Thymio robot.
Proteomics Data Analysis using Representative Database (2007)

In the proteomics research using mass spectrometry, the protein database search gives the protein information from the peptide sequences that show the best match with the tandem mass spectra. The protein sequence database has been a powerful knowledgebase for this protein identification. However, as we accumulate the protein sequence information in the database, the database size gets to be huge. Now it becomes hard to consider all the protein sequences in the database search because it consumes much computing time. For the high-throughput analysis of the proteome, usually we have used the non-redundant refined database such as IPI human database of European Bioinformatics Institute. While the non-redundant database can supply the search result in high speed, it misses the variation of the protein sequences. In this study, we have concerned the proteomics data in the point of protein similarities and used the network analysis tool to build a new analysis method. This method will be able to save the computing time for the database search and keep the sequence variation to catch the modified peptides. Corresponding author: Jong Shin Yoo (Email:jongshin@ kbsi.re.kr) This work was supported by a grant to Y.M.Park from the Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning (M6-0403-00-0154) and a grant to J.S.Yoo from the 21C Frontier Functional Proteomics Project from Korean Ministry of Science & Technology (FPR-05-A2-300).
Demonstration of a Gain Flattened Optical Amplifier with a Micromechanical Equalizer Element (1998)

Free-space optics and micromechanics are combined to produce a wavelength spectrum equalizer for use in dense WDM telecommunications networks. Equalization of the gain spectrum of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is demonstrated wherein the variation of gain over 23 nm is flattened from > 13 dB to 0.25 dB.
A Novel Multi Channel Sensor Network MAC Protocol (2009)

This paper proposes a media access control (MAC) layer protocol scheme that is suitable for characteristics of sensor networks (SNs). Among important attributes of SNs are limitation on power consumption, high density of nodes and topology changes. Based on time-division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA), we offer Multi channel sensor network MAC (MCSMAC) as a novel MAC layer protocol that is more suitable for applications with high density and/or frequent topology changes. The primary goal of MCSMAC is improved energy efficiency in sensor nodes which is achieved by low duty-cycle (with turning radio off) and by overhearing avoidance. Simulation results for three different topologies under variant traffic loads show that, in general, MCSMAC has lower energy consumption whilst yielding in relatively reduced latency compared to SMAC, SMACS and IEEE802.11.
Self-assembled crystalline semiconductor optoelectronics on glass and plastic (2008)

In this paper, we demonstrate the integration of high-performance single crystalline inorganic μ-light emitting diodes (LEDs) onto unconventional substrates such as plastic and glass via self-assembly. AlGaAs-based free-standing red μ-LEDs were batch fabricated and released from their substrates for use in self-assembly. The templates for assembly were fabricated on substrates such as flexible plastics and glass. The self-assembly method is capable of positioning the micro-components onto the template in proper receptor sites with a high yield, and forming electrical connections between components and the template with 62% yield. The μ-LEDs remain functional even after significant bending and deformation of the plastic substrates. The self-assembly method offers a way to incorporate optoelectronics onto objects that are incompatible with conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Improvement of grain size and deposition rate of microcrystalline silicon by use of very high frequency glow discharge (1994)

The influence of the plasma excitation frequency on the growth conditions and the material properties of microcrystalline silicon prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low deposition temperature is investigated. It is found that an increase of the plasma excitation frequency leads to a simultaneous increase of the growth rate, the grain size, and the Hall mobility of microcrystalline silicon. This is attributed to an effective selective etching of disordered material creating more space to develop crystalline grains, while also more species for faster growth of the crystallites are available.
Dynamische Kraftspektroskopie von einzelnen Rezeptor-Ligand Paaren zu Interaktionen von Zellen (1999)

In dieser Arbeit werden Anwendungen der Kraftspektroskopie zur Erforschung und Anwendung von nicht-kovalenten biologischen Bindungen vorgestellt. Analysiert wurde die Bindungsstärke einzelner Rezeptor-Ligand Bindungen und die Wechselwirkung von Zellmonolayern. Als Anwendung der molekularen Erkennung wird die Lokalisation von Zellen auf Grund ihrer spezifischen Wechselwirkung vorgestellt. Durch den Vergleich der Bindungskräfte mehrerer Rezeptoren zu einem Liganden lassen sich Aussagen über die biologische Wirkung und Aufgabe einer Rezeptor-Ligand Bindung treffen. Die Analyse der Trennkurven von biologisch relevanten Zell/Zellmonolayer- oder großflächigen Zell/Protein-Kontakten ergeben Einblicke in zeitliche Abläufe und involvierte Proteine bei der Zelladhäsion. • Dynamische Kraftspektroskopie mit drei verschiedenen Lektinen und zwei Liganden zeigten, daß die jeweilige Bindungskraft in dem experimentell zugänglichen Bereich der Ladungsrate über 3 Größenordnungen (100-10000 pN/sec) eine lineare Abhängigkeit vom Logarithmus der Ladungsrate aufweist. Zusätzlich sind die einzelnen Rezeptor-Ligand Systeme auf Grund ihrer Bindungsstärke bei Ladungsraten größer als 700 pN/sec eindeutig zu unterscheiden. Die Bindungsstärke, die für das schwächste Paar 34 pN und für das stärkste 58 pN bei 3000 pN/sec Ladungsrate beträgt, läßt sich in Relation zur biologischen Wirkung setzen. • Mit Monte Carlo und Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte Simulationen konnte wegen der experimentell gemessenen linearen Abhängigkeit der Bindungskraft vom natürlichen Logarithmus der Ladungsrate die Breite oder Reichweite des Bindungspotentials der jeweiligen Rezeptor-Ligand Bindung bestimmt werden (4-10 Å). Die für die verschiedenen Bindungen durchgeführten Simulationen zeigten, daß die berechnete Breite des Potentials reziprok mit der gemessenen Dynamik der Bindungsstärke korreliert. • Am Beispiel von Uterusepithel- und Trophoblastzellen wurde gezeigt, daß mit dem Kraftmikroskop die Bindungsfähigkeit von Zellen gemessen werden kann. Experimente mit verschiedenen Modelloberflächen und die Variation der Kontaktzeit machten deutlich, daß die Präsenz von Rezeptoren für Zelladhäsionsproteine, wie z.B. Integrine für Fibronektin, in der apikalen Membran und Kontaktzeiten länger als 20 min die notwendige Voraussetzung für stabile interzelluläre Kontakte zwischen Epithelzellen sind. Für kürzere Kontaktzeiten ist ein Modell mit nicht vernetzten, membrangebundenen Bindungspartnern und deren möglicher viskoser Anbindung an die Zelle erstellt worden. • In einem gemischten Zellmonolayer aus Erythrozyten der Blutgruppe A und O, sind die Zellen der Gruppe A, auf Grund der spezifischen Wechselwirkung mit dem funktionalisierten Kraftsensor, mit einer Affinitätsabbildung lokalisiert worden. Die spezifische Lokalisation von Liganden an lebenden Zellen mit dem Kraftmikroskop ist demnach mit dieser Technik möglich.
A High-Capacity Image Steganography Method Using Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (2021)

Image steganography has been widely adopted to protect confidential data. Researchers have been seeking to improve the steganographic techniques in order to increase the embedding capacity while preserving the stego-image quality. In this paper, we propose a steganography method using particle swarm optimization and chaos theory aiming at finding the best pixel locations in the cover image to hide the secret data while maintaining the quality of the resultant stego-image. To enhance the embedding capacity, the host and secret images are divided into blocks and each block stores an appropriate amount of secret bits. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing methods in terms of the PSNR and SSIM image quality metrics.