gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent taxoids as probes of the microtubule cytoskeleton (1998)

Microtubules are specifically and efficiently visualized with the new fluorescent taxoids 7-O-[N-(4'-fluoresceincarbonyl)-L-alanyl]taxol (FLUTAX) and 7-O-[N-(4'-tetramethylrhodaminecarbonyl)-L-alanyl]taxol (ROTAX). Similarly to taxol, FLUTAX and ROTAX are able to drive inactive GDP-liganded tubulin into microtubule assembly. One molecule of FLUTAX binds per alphabeta-tubulin dimer assembled, competing with taxol for the same microtubule binding site with an eightfold smaller relative affinity. FLUTAX-induced microtubule elongation is markedly Mg2+-dependent, encompassing the binding of one Mg2+ ion more per tubulin dimer polymerized than in the case of taxol. A small perturbation of the absorption spectrum of bound FLUTAX is consistent with a cationic microenvironment relative to the solution. The fluorescence anisotropy of FLUTAX increases by an order of magnitude upon binding to microtubules and time-resolved measurements indicate that the fluorescein moiety remains considerably mobile on a protein surface. The rate of labeling suggests that this is the outer microtubule wall. Alternatively, the microtubule lumen would be functional. FLUTAX- and ROTAX-induced microtubules, radial structures, and organized microtubule bundles are readily observed under the fluorescence microscope. Rapid and accurate visualization of native (or very mildly fixed) cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules of a variety of permeabilized cells is simply obtained with micromolar FLUTAX, with an advantage over immunofluorescence. In addition, FLUTAX labels the centrosomes of PtK2 cells more intensely than antibodies to alpha- or beta-tubulin, and co-localizing with antibodies to gamma-tubulin. Two brightly fluorescent spots, probably separating or duplicating centrioles, can be resolved in the centrosomes of interphase cells. This finding indicates that centrosomes may well be additional targets of action of taxoids. FLUTAX strongly labels microtubules near the spindle poles, as well as microtubules at the telophase spindle equator and the central part of the midbody in cytokinesis (instead of the dark zone frequently observed with immunofluorescence), suggesting a predominant interaction of FLUTAX with sites at which tubulin is newly polymerized. Nanomolar concentrations of FLUTAX also permit specific imaging of centrosomes, half-spindles and midbodies in growing U937 cells.
Improved accuracy thin film permeability extraction for a microstrip permeameter (2013)

It is shown using full-wave simulations that several of the conventional assumptions made for extracting permeability data from a microstrip permeameter are not justified. In particular, the proportionality between the measured effective permeability in the device and the true permeability of the film is not a constant. It is a function of the permeability of the film, its geometry and the dimensions of the microstrip permeameter. A model exploiting the analyticity of the function relating effective to true permeability is used to derive this proportionality function for our device and the results are confirmed using full-wave simulations. The error incurred by not using this method and employing a reference sample for calibration or by using saturation magnetization “Ms” and anisotropy field “Ha” is shown to be anywhere between 5% and 40% and possibly even more. Our measurement set up is capable of measuring films as thin as 300 nm with a relative permeability as low as 10.
Financial fraud detection using social media crowdsourcing (2014)

Detecting financial fraud is a daunting challenge for banks and credit card companies due to massive amount of transaction data and wide diversity of user behaviors [1]. In recent years social media has demonstrated the capability of crowdsourcing in a broad range of applications, e.g., disseminating breaking news, launching marketing campaigns, and tracking the flu [2], [3], [4]. Inspired by these novel applications, this paper explores the benefits of social media crowdsourcing, in particularly the tweets, re-tweets and comments from Twitter online social network for effectively detecting financial fraud events.
Preparation and Characterization of L-aspartic Acid-intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide (2004)

L-aspartic acid was intercalated into layered double hydroxides by coprecipitation. Two types of well crystallized material were obtained and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and polarimetry. Schematic models of two intercalation structures with different basal spacings are given. It is proved that the optical activity of L-aspartic acid is retained during and after the intercalation process.
A gait analysis method based on a depth camera for fall prevention (2014)

This paper proposes a markerless system whose purpose is to help preventing falls of elderly people at home. To track human movements, the Microsoft Kinect camera is used which allows to acquire at the same time a RGB image and a depth image. Several articles show that the analysis of some gait parameters could allow fall risk assessment. We developed a system which extracts three gait parameters (the length and the duration of steps and the speed of the gait) by tracking the center of mass of the person. To check the validity of our system, the accuracy of the gait parameters obtained with the camera is evaluated. In an experiment, eleven subjects walked on an actimetric carpet, perpendicularly to the camera which filmed the scene. The three gait parameters obtained by the carpet are compared with those of the camera. In this study, four situations were tested to evaluate the robustness of our model. The subjects walked normally, making small steps, wearing a skirt and in front of the camera. The results showed that the system is accurate when there is one camera fixed perpendicularly. Thus we believe that the presented method is accurate enough to be used in real fall prevention applications.
Habitual total water intake and dimensions of mood in healthy young women (2015)

Acute negative and positive mood states have been linked with the development of undesirable and desirable health outcomes, respectively. Numerous factors acutely influence mood state, including exercise, caffeine ingestion, and macronutrient intake, but the influence of habitual total water intake remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe relationships between habitual water intake and mood. One hundred twenty healthy females (mean ± SD; age = 20 ± 2 y, BMI = 22.9 ± 3.5 kg⋅m(-2) ) recorded all food and fluids consumed for 5 consecutive days. Investigators utilized dietary analysis software to determine Total Water Intake (TWI; total water content in foods and fluids), caffeine, and macronutrient consumption (i.e. protein, carbohydrate, fat). On days 3 and 4, participants completed the Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire, which examined tension, depression, anger, vigor, and confusion, plus an aggregate measure of Total Mood Disturbance (TMD). For comparison of mood, data were separated into three even groups (n = 40 each) based on TWI: low (LOW; 1.51 ± 0.27 L/d), moderate (MOD; 2.25 ± 0.19 L/d), and high (HIGH; 3.13 ± 0.54 L/d). Regression analysis was performed to determine continuous relationships between measured variables. Group differences (p < 0.05) were observed for tension (MOD = 7.2 ± 5.4, HIGH = 4.4 ± 2.9), depression (LOW = 4.5 ± 5.9, HIGH = 1.7 ± 2.3), confusion (MOD = 5.9 ± 3.4, HIGH = 4.0 ± 2.1), and TMD (LOW=19.0 ± 21.8, HIGH=8.2 ± 14.2). After accounting for other mood influencers, TWI predicted TMD (r(2) = 0.104; p = 0.050). The above relationships suggest the amount of water a woman consumes is associated with mood state.
Analysis of factors influencing the qualitative characteristics of equine synovial fluid (2022)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the viscoelastic properties in synovial fluid between normal horses and horses with naturally occurring OA and to detect factors affecting synovial fluid viscosity. In total, 105 horses were included in this study. Synovial fluid samples were obtained from 60 mature horses with mild to moderate osteoarthritis in the 2nd interphalangeal, the metacarpophalangeal or the intercarpal joint. Forty-five horses were used as controls. Full rheological sample characterization was performed in order to measure the elastic G’ and viscous G’’ moduli. For determining hyaluronic acid concentrations a commercially available ELISA kit was used. The results of the linear mixed effect (LME) model revealed statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) effect of HA concentration, on the mean values of logG’ and logG” measurements. The ANOVA findings of the final model revealed statistically significant effect of joint type (p &lt; 0.001) on the mean values of viscoelastic measurements. Interpreting the coefficients of the covariates osteoarthritis (p &lt; 0.001) and age (p = 0.013), a negative correlation was detected on the response logG’ and logG” measurements. Geldings seemed to present lower viscous properties compared to mares. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first multivariate study to quantitatively evaluate the several factors that affect the viscoelastic properties of equine synovial fluid. Horses with osteoarthritis seemed to present lower viscoelastic properties compared to the healthy subjects that are joint type dependant. Finally, considering the multifactorial nature of osteoarthritis, one should expect an emerging need of personalized disease-modifying treatments.
Unmeasured anions identified by the Fencl-Stewart method predict mortality better than base excess, anion gap, and lactate in patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (1999)

Critically ill patients with normal BE and normal AG frequently have elevated unmeasured anions detectable by BEua. The Fencl-Stewart method is better than BE and similar to AG in identifying patients with high lactate levels. Elevated unmeasured anions identified by the Fencl-Stewart method were more strongly associated with mortality than with BE, AG, or lactate in this patient sample.
A Research of Regional Difference in R&D Activities in GUANGDONG, PR China (2012)

According to the 2008 economic census yearbook in Guangdong, it explores the reasons why the development of RD Regional difference; Factor analysis; Clustering analysis
Comparison of Direct, Selective Oxidation of Methane by N2O over Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-Beta, and Fe-FER Catalysts (2019)

In this study, the activity and selectivity to Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-Beta, and Fe-FER catalysts were studied at 350 °C for the partial oxidation of methane using N2O as oxidant. Spectroscopic and solid characterization tools including H2-TPR, in situ IR, N2 gas adsorption, CO chemisorption, and TGA-MS were used in the investigation. Ammonia adsorption data suggested that among the studied zeolites, H-FER zeolite contained the highest concentration of framework Al atoms, which are essential for the formation of active extra-framework Fe species. The oxidation state and redox active species of Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-Beta, and Fe-FER catalysts were studied by H2-TPR, which disclosed the presence of a unique reduction peak (originating from N2O pretreatment) centered at approximately 235 °C over the samples. The hydrogen consumption peak was more prominent over Fe-FER than other catalysts, demonstrating that the Fe-FER catalyst contained more active sites for N2O conversion in comparison to Fe-Beta and Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts. For IR spectra of NO adsorbed on the Fe zeolites, a band at 1874 cm–1 with a shoulder at 1894 cm–1 was observed over the three catalysts, suggesting the presence of extra-framework Fe clusters in ion exchange positions. We demonstrated these clusters are acting as active sites for the oxidation of methane with N2O. Bands of methoxy groups were observed in FTIR profiles of CH4 and N2O adsorbed on Fe-FER, Fe-ZSM-5, and Fe-Beta catalysts at 350 °C. Over Fe-FER, the concentration of silanol-bonded methoxy groups accounted for over 95% of all methoxy groups under all the reaction conditions studied. In comparison, for the Fe-ZSM-5 and Fe-Beta catalysts, the proportion was less than 80%. The catalytic activity studies showed that Fe-FER was the most active catalyst based on methane and N2O conversion, and displayed the highest selectivity to C1-oxygenates and dimethyl ether formation, while Fe-ZSM-5 obtained the highest selectivity to ethylene among the three catalysts. Fe-ZSM-5 was found to deactivate significantly due to coke formation.
Landscape of short‐acting beta‐agonists (SABA) overuse in Europe (2022)

This review article provides an overview of short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use and prescribing trends in Europe, summarizing updated data on the results from the industry-funded SABINA program (SABA use IN asthma) and other studies on this matter. SABA use continues to increase worldwide. Overuse has been defined as ≥3 canisters/year. Almost a third of European patients with asthma, at all severity levels, overuse SABA. Guidelines recommend close monitoring of patients who overuse SABA and avoiding over-reliance on SABA monotherapy. SABA overuse is associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations and mortality, increased use of health services and negative physical and mental health outcomes. Reliance on SABA monotherapy can be unsafe and therefore it is necessary to change asthma treatment approaches and policies. Changes in physician and patient behaviours towards SABA use are required to ensure that patients with asthma are not over-reliant on SABA monotherapy. Notwithstanding, the limitations of the studies on the use of SABA should be considered, taking into account that the prescription/purchase of medication canisters does not always represent the actual use of the medication and that associations between SABA overuse and poor asthma outcomes may not be directly causal. National health systems and asthma guidelines must align asthma management with global recommendations and adjust them to local needs.
Sex, Eye Size, and the Rate of Myopic Eye Growth Due to Form Deprivation in Outbred White Leghorn Chickens (2010)

The sex of the chick influences the rate of experimentally induced myopic eye growth, independent of its effects on eye size.
Impulsive Fracture of Silicon by Elastic Surface Pulses with Shocks (2002)

During nonlinear evolution of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) stress increases with propagation, and may cause fracture of brittle materials. This effect was used to evaluate the strength of crystalline silicon with respect to impulsive load in the nanosecond time scale without using seed cracks. Short SAW pulses propagating in the [11(macro)2] direction on the Si(111) plane induce fracture at significantly lower SAW amplitudes than the mirror symmetric wave propagating in the [112(macro)] direction. This effect is explained by the differences in elastic nonlinearity of the two propagation directions.
Reactions of Pd on (100) and (110) GaAs surfaces (1985)

The reactions of Pd on atomically clean or air-exposed (100) and (110) GaAs surfaces at temperatures between 20 to 500 °C in different ambients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Interfacial reactions quite different from previous x-ray results were observed and two new Pd-Ga-As ternary phases were identified for the first time. At lower temperatures (T≲250 °C) the formation of a ternary phase PdGa∼0.3As∼0.2, which has a hexagonal structure very similar to that of Pd2Ge or Pd2Si with a0=b0=0.672 nm and c0=0.340 nm, was observed. This ternary phase is epitaxially oriented with (12̄0)ternary∥(100)GaAs and [001]ternary∥[011]GaAs on (100) GaAs substrates, and with (11̄0)ternary∥(110)GaAs and [001]ternary∥[11̄0]GaAs on (110) GaAs substrates. At temperatures between 350 and 500 °C only one phase, PdGa, was observed to form in a high vacuum environment, whereas in a forming gas ambient, either a mixture of PdAs2 and another ternary phase PdGa∼0.6As∼0.4 (at 350 °C) or a mixture of PdAs2 and PdGa (at 500 °C) was observed. The ternary phase PdGa∼0.6As∼0.4 is also hexagonal in structure with a0=b0=0.947 nm and c0=0.374 nm. The PdGa phase formed at high temperature is epitaxially oriented on (100) substrates with (110) PdGa∥(100)GaAs and [1̄11]PdGa∥[011]GaAs, but is randomly oriented on (110) substrates. All these observations indicate that the Pd-GaAs reactions at T≳350 °C are very sensitive to the ambient conditions but not as sensitive to the GaAs surface cleanliness or substrate orientation. Correlation of these structural observations to ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data obtained from the same reacted interfaces are also discussed.
The C-Terminal PAL Motif and Transmembrane Domain 9 of Presenilin 1 Are Involved in the Formation of the Catalytic Pore of the -Secretase (2008)

Gamma-secretase is an unusual membrane-embedded protease, which cleaves the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of type I membrane proteins, including amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch receptor. We have previously shown the existence of a hydrophilic pore formed by TMD6 and TMD7 of presenilin 1 (PS1), the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase, within the membrane by the substituted cysteine accessibility method. Here we analyzed the structure of TMD8, TMD9, and the C terminus of PS1, which encompass the conserved PAL motif and the hydrophobic C-terminal tip, both being critical for the catalytic activity and the formation of the gamma-secretase complex. We found that the amino acid residues around the PAL motif and the extracellular/luminal portion of TMD9 are highly water accessible and located in proximity to the catalytic pore. Furthermore, the region starting from the luminal end of TMD9 toward the C terminus forms an amphipathic alpha-helix-like structure that extends along the interface between the membrane and the extracellular milieu. Competition analysis using gamma-secretase inhibitors revealed that the TMD9 is involved in the initial binding of substrates, as well as in the subsequent catalytic process as a subsite. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the role of TMD9 in the formation of the catalytic pore and the substrate entry, crucial to the unusual mode of intramembrane proteolysis by gamma-secretase.
Dendritic cells tolerized with adenosine A2AR agonist attenuate acute kidney injury (2012)

DC-mediated NKT cell activation is critical in initiating the immune response following kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which mimics human acute kidney injury (AKI). Adenosine is an important antiinflammatory molecule in tissue inflammation, and adenosine 2A receptor (A₂AR) agonists protect kidneys from IRI through their actions on leukocytes. In this study, we showed that mice with A₂AR-deficient DCs are more susceptible to kidney IRI and are not protected from injury by A₂AR agonists. In addition, administration of DCs treated ex vivo with an A₂AR agonist protected the kidneys of WT mice from IRI by suppressing NKT production of IFN-γ and by regulating DC costimulatory molecules that are important for NKT cell activation. A₂AR agonists had no effect on DC antigen presentation or on Tregs. We conclude that ex vivo A₂AR-induced tolerized DCs suppress NKT cell activation in vivo and provide a unique and potent cell-based strategy to attenuate organ IRI.
Conferring herbicide resistance on susceptible crops (1990)

The chemical industry is continually finding it harder and far more expensive to develop new selective herbicides. Conversely, there are already many herbicides in existence with excellent spectra of weed control which would be useful in a given crop, except for a minor problem; they also kill the crop. The chemical industries biorational approach to this problem is to study the herbicide degrading enzymatic pathways specific to that crop. The herbicidal moiety could then be modified by adding a chemical group that will be recognised by those enzymes, thus aiding in the herbicide degradation by the crop. Another biorational approach is to make current herbicides more effective by adding synergists that either prevent their breakdown, or prevent detoxification of toxic products in some weeds (cf. Gressel & Shaaltiel, 1988).
Quality Control Limits for Fluconazole Disk Susceptibility Tests on Mueller-Hinton Agar with Glucose and Methylene Blue (2003)

An international collaborative study was performed in order to propose quality control limits for fluconazole disk diffusion susceptibility tests on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2% glucose and 0.5 micro g of methylene blue per ml. The supplements may be added before autoclaving the agar, or Mueller-Hinton agar plates may be flooded with a glucose-methylene blue solution. Replicate tests on both types of agar plates generated data to propose zone size limits for tests of Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (22 to 33 mm), C. tropicalis ATCC 750 (26 to 37 mm), and C. albicans ATCC 90028 (28 to 39 mm). C. krusei ATCC 6258 was not useful for this purpose.
Stress control in GaN grown on silicon (111) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2001)

The strain in GaN epitaxial layers grown on silicon (111) substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy has been investigated. The insertion of AlN/GaN superlattices was found to decrease the stress sufficiently for avoiding crack formation in an overgrown thick (2.5 μm) GaN layer. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements are used to determine the effect of these AlN/GaN superlattices on the strain in the subsequent GaN layers. A reduction of threading dislocation density is also observed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy when such superlattices are used. Strong band edge photoluminescence of GaN on Si(111) was observed with a full width at half maximum of the bound exciton line as low as 6 meV at 10 K. The 500 arcsec linewidth on the (002) x-ray rocking curve also attests the high crystalline quality of GaN on Si (111), when using these AlN/GaN superlattices.
Track history development by combining watermarking and target tracking (2008)

In this work we propose the use of digital watermarks to establish track history of multiple tracked objects. Target tracks extracted from a frame sequence can be represented and analyzed using spatio-temporal graphs. However, this approach requires extensive computation and data storage. It is possible to achieve the same result by digitally watermarking each tracked target. This self-contained video can then be searched to extract track history. Track history is obtained by computing a quantity called target adjacency matrix. Interpretation of the elements of this matrix, their location, magnitude and movement will establish desired track history. Given two randomly selected frames we can establish changes of spatial relationship among targets in the two frames as well as entry or exit of new targets in each frame.