gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation of (R,S)‐ketoprofen using Candida antarctica lipase B in an enzymatic membrane reactor (2008)

An enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) for enantioseparation of (R,S)-ketoprofen via Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) as biocatalyst was investigated. A comparative study of free and immobilized CALB was further conducted. The catalytic behaviour of CALB in an EMR was affected by the process parameters of enzyme load, substrate concentration, substrate molar ratio, lipase solution pH, reaction temperature, and substrate flow rate. Immobilization of CALB in the EMR was able to reduce the amount of enzyme required for the enantioseparation of (R,S)-ketoprofen. Immobilized CALB in the EMR assured higher reaction capacity, better thermal stability, and reusability. It was also found to be more cost effective and practical than free CALB in a batch reactor.
Periostin plays a critical role in the cell cycle in lung fibroblasts (2020)

Periostin plays a critical role in the proliferation of lung fibroblasts and the present results provide us a solid basis for considering inhibitors of the periostin/integrin α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>3</sub> interaction for the treatment of IPF patients.
Plastic‐encapsulated Microcircuits (PEMs) : Long‐term Dormancy Studies (1997)

For many years, the concern over the use of plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) has been their capability to survive in harsh environments over a long term with continuous or intermittent operation. The issues centred around operational life limitation, due to failure mechanisms associated with internal corrosion, wires and wire bonds, and surface effects, It has now been conclusively demonstrated that best commercial practices will ensure that PEMs made using best commercial materials, processes, and quality techniques will permit devices to perform reliably in the most severe environments. Missile systems are low volume production items, which use relatively few microcircuits. They are required to operate for very short times after being unpowered (dormant) for very long times (10 to 20 years) and exposed to humidity, temperature cycle, and mechanical shock. This paper will address reliability concerns and provide data from studies which were performed to determine if PEMs could survive such long‐term unbiased applications. These studies include analysis of PEMs (some date coded 1968) from inventory or various storage locations and from applications where the electronic modules containing PEMs were stored for 10‐12 years in various environments. Regardless of the storage conditions, the significant factor is that these early vintage commercial grade PEMs, without screening or incoming inspection, survived assembly and extended storage.
Preparation of anN-component maximal coherent superposition state using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage method (2001)

We present a simple method for creating a maximal coherent superposition of N states (a superposition state with equal amplitudes) in a robust way. We show that in the adiabatic limit the robustness of the population transfer out of a single state to the superposition state is equivalent to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. As is typical for schemes based upon population trapping the method is insensitive to radiative decay from excited states.
Isolation of a high‐affinity Bet v 1‐specific IgG‐derived ScFv from a subject vaccinated with hypoallergenic Bet v 1 fragments (2018)

Immunization with unfolded hypoallergenic allergen derivatives induces high-affinity antibodies even in nonallergic subjects which recognize the folded wild-type allergens and inhibit polyclonal IgE binding of allergic patients.
Positron spectroscopy of solidN2 (1990)

We have measured the positron and positronium emission yields from a solid ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ target surface bombarded with slow positrons. We determine the inelastic threshold energy for positrons in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$=7.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 eV, and the threshold for forming positronium, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{Ps}}$=10.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 eV. In contrast to the rare-gas solids, the low-lying electronic excitations cause ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ to lie below ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{Ps}}$. Unlike electrons, positrons should not excite triplet states at a detectable level, and therefore ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ is the energy of the lowest-lying singlet vibrational level less the positron affinity, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{+}$. We thus determine ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{+}$=1.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 eV. From the positronium formation threshold we obtain the positronium binding energy in the solid, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{b}}$=3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 eV. Below the inelastic threshold a positron is found to lose an energy 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 meV per collision in agreement with a model in which the principal energy-loss mechanism is the excitation of optical phonons.
Plasminogen Deficiency Delays the Onset and Protects from Demyelination and Paralysis in Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Disease (2017)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS. Fibrinogen deposition at sites of blood-brain barrier breakdown is a prominent feature of neuroinflammatory disease and contributes to disease severity. Plasminogen, the primary fibrinolytic enzyme, also modifies inflammatory processes. We used a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to evaluate the hypothesis that the loss of plasminogen would exacerbate neuroinflammatory disease. However, contrary to initial expectations, EAE-challenged plasminogen-deficient (Plg<sup>-</sup>) mice developed significantly delayed disease onset and reduced disease severity compared with wild-type (Plg<sup>+</sup>) mice. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of plasmin activation with tranexamic acid also delayed disease onset. The T-cell response to immunization was similar between genotypes, suggesting that the contribution of plasminogen was downstream of the T-cell response. Spinal cords from EAE-challenged Plg<sup>-</sup> mice demonstrated significantly decreased demyelination and microglial/macrophage accumulation compared with Plg<sup>+</sup> mice. Although fibrinogen-deficient mice or mice with combined deficiencies of plasminogen and fibrinogen had decreased EAE severity, they did not exhibit the delay in EAE disease onset, as seen in mice with plasminogen deficiency alone. Together, these data suggest that plasminogen and plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis is a key modifier of the onset of neuroinflammatory demyelination.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Multiple sclerosis is a severe, chronic, demyelinating disease. Understanding the pathobiology related to the autoreactive T-cell and microglial/macrophage demyelinating response is critical to effectively target therapeutics. We describe for the first time that deficiency of plasminogen, the key fibrinolytic enzyme, delays disease onset and protects from the development of the paralysis associated with a murine model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Administration of a widely used, pharmacologic inhibitor of plasminogen activation, tranexamic acid, also delays the onset of neuroinflammation associated with EAE.
Earliest Detection of Oral Cancer Using Non‐Invasive Brush Biopsy Including DNA‐Image‐Cytometry: Report on Four Cases (2003)

Objective : We describe four patients presenting early oral cancers, detected cytologically on non‐invasive brush biopsies including DNA‐image cytometry as an adjunctive method before histology on scalpel biopsies confirmed the evidence of malignancy. Methods : Brush biopsies were performed and smears thereof investigated cytologically. After Feulgen restaining, DNA‐measurements were performed using a DNA‐Image‐Cytometer. Case reports : Oral squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed cytologically in macroscopically suspicious lesions and malignancy confirmed by DNA‐cytometry. The initially performed scalpel biopsies did neither supply evidence of oral cancer nor of severe dysplasia. After at least one to 15 months the occurrence of cancer was finally proven histologically on a second scalpel biopsy each (three microinvasive and one in situ carcinoma). Conclusion : Non‐invasive brush biopsies are a suitable instrument for early cytologic detection of cancer of the mouth. DNA‐image‐cytometry, as an adjunctive method, can be used to confirm the cytologic diagnosis or suspicion of cancer in patients with doubtful lesions (dysplasias). DNA‐aneuploidy is a marker for (prospective) malignancy in smears of the oral cavity, which may detect malignancy months prior to histology. In future this method could be used as a mass screening tool in dentists practise. Colour figures can be viewed on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25‐4/remmerbach.htm .
Fast and Accurate Continuous User Authentication by Fusion of Instance-based, Free-text Keystroke Dynamics (2019)

Keystroke dynamics study the way in which users input text via their keyboards, which is unique to each individual, and can form a component of a behavioral biometric system to improve existing account security. Keystroke dynamics systems on free-text data use n-graphs that measure the timing between consecutive keystrokes to distinguish between users. Many algorithms require 500, 1,000, or more keystrokes to achieve EERs of below 10%. In this paper, we propose an instance-based graph comparison algorithm to reduce the number of keystrokes required to authenticate users. Commonly used features such as monographs and digraphs are investigated. Feature importance is determined and used to construct a fused classifier. Detection error tradeoff (DET) curves are produced with different numbers of keystrokes. The fused classifier outperforms the state-of-the-art with EERs of 7.9%, 5.7%, 3.4%, and 2.7% for test samples of 50, 100, 200, and 500 keystrokes.
Reducing Pervasive False-Positive Identical-by-Descent Segments Detected by Large-Scale Pedigree Analysis (2014)

Analysis of genomic segments shared identical-by-descent (IBD) between individuals is fundamental to many genetic applications, from demographic inference to estimating the heritability of diseases, but IBD detection accuracy in nonsimulated data is largely unknown. In principle, it can be evaluated using known pedigrees, as IBD segments are by definition inherited without recombination down a family tree. We extracted 25,432 genotyped European individuals containing 2,952 father-mother-child trios from the 23andMe, Inc. data set. We then used GERMLINE, a widely used IBD detection method, to detect IBD segments within this cohort. Exploiting known familial relationships, we identified a false-positive rate over 67% for 2-4 centiMorgan (cM) segments, in sharp contrast with accuracies reported in simulated data at these sizes. Nearly all false positives arose from the allowance of haplotype switch errors when detecting IBD, a necessity for retrieving long (>6 cM) segments in the presence of imperfect phasing. We introduce HaploScore, a novel, computationally efficient metric that scores IBD segments proportional to the number of switch errors they contain. Applying HaploScore filtering to the IBD data at a precision of 0.8 produced a 13-fold increase in recall when compared with length-based filtering. We replicate the false IBD findings and demonstrate the generalizability of HaploScore to alternative data sources using an independent cohort of 555 European individuals from the 1000 Genomes project. HaploScore can improve the accuracy of segments reported by any IBD detection method, provided that estimates of the genotyping error rate and switch error rate are available.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EARTHWORKS; (2) USE OF SOIL IN EMBANKMENTS AND IMPROVED SUBGRADES (1976)

THIS DOCUMENT DEFINES THE NORMAL METHODS OF USING ANY TYPE OF SOIL IN EMBANKMENTS AND IMPROVED SUBGRADES. BY NORMAL CONDITIONS, IT IS MEANT CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR OBTAINING AN EMBANKMENT OR IMPROVED SUBGRADE FULFILLING THE STANDARD QUALITY REQUIREMENTS, USING CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF EXECUTION OF THE WORK. IF THESE CONDITIONS ARE FULFILLED, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN:- EMBANKMENTS WITH DEFORMATIONS NOT HARMFUL TO THE TRAFFICABILITY OF THE ROAD; AND IMPROVED SUBGRADES WITH THE REQUIRED BEARING CAPACITY AND SURFACE CONDITIONS. THE PROBLEMS WHICH CAN ARISE DURING THE EXTRACTION OF THE MATERIALS ARE NOT DEALT WITH; CONDITIONS RELATING TO THE EXTRACTION ARE MENTIONED ONLY WHEN THEY HAVE A DIRECT RELATION WITH THE QUALITY OF THE EMBANKMENTS BUILT. ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE FACT THAT THE PREVENTION OF SLOPE EROSION IS NOT STUDIED. FOR VOLUME1, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO. 104544, FOR VOLUME3, IRRD ABSTRACT NO. 104546.
Temperature profiles induced by a scanning cw laser beam (1982)

We present calculations of the temperature profiles induced by a moving cw elliptical laser beam with a Gaussian intensity distribution in a semi-infinite material. Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity, conductivity, and surface reflectivity are incorporated in our model, and some aspects of melting are discussed. As an example, we apply the calculations to silicon. For a comparison of stationary elliptical spots of varying eccentricities, we present material-independent normalized linear temperature profiles. We find that highly elliptical beams can be used to rapidly scan and anneal large areas.
Tuned-Mass Damper For Turbine Blades (1993)

Resonances altered to suppress vibrations. Damping ring designed to suppress fundamental-bending-mode vibrations of blades on integrally bladed turbine rotor. Damping ring and turbine blades behave analogously to two-mass, two-spring system.
Apparatus fortheDetermination ofHeat Resistance ofSpores (1970)

Theheatresistance ofbacterial spores attemperatures where this resistance islowcanbedeterminedbymeansofStumbo's Thermoresistometer (2)orbysubmitting suspensions of spores inglass capillary tubes toheat. Sucha method hasbeendevised byStern andProctor (1), whodesigned anapparatus inwhichcapillary tubes arerapidly transferred fromahottoacold
TaqMan-Based Duplex Real-Time PCR Approach for Analysis of Grain Composition (Zea mays - Sorghum bicolor) in Feedstock Flour Mixes for Bioethanol Production (2023)

Some U.S. bioethanol plants use a blend of maize and sorghum grains as feedstocks depending on availability and price. Knowledge of the grain composition of milled feedstock is beneficial for maximizing process efficiency and for potential future regulatory requirements. To analyze feedstock composition, we developed a duplex real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan probes for the simultaneous analysis of flour blends. For sorghum, the method amplified a sequence within the F-Box domain-containing protein and for maize, the method amplified a sequence of the high mobility group a (HMGa) proteins. To acquire fluorescent signals simultaneously, FAM and TAMRA fluorescent probes were used to label the sorghum- and maize-specific probes, respectively. Results showed that the primers and probes were highly specific for either maize or sorghum. The real-time duplex PCR assay was validated on simulated flour binary mixtures and was high in the precision and accuracy for the sorghum PCR system. Results with the established method showed specificity and sensitivity in quantifying sorghum composition in bioethanol feedstock mixtures.
O1‐06‐01: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AMYLOID BURDEN AND SUB‐CLINICAL DEPRESSION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS (2014)

Depression is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and therefore when present in non-demented adults may reflect increased amyloid-β ( with Aβ) deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the extent to which high Aβ levels were associated with depressive symptomatology in healthy older adults over 54 months. Healthy adults (n=359) from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study cohort, who had undergone positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging for Aβ and who did not have depression at enrolment, were included in the present study. Participants were classified as either Aβ+ (n = 81) or Aβ- (n = 278) on the basis of PET neuroimaging. Level of depressive symptoms was assessed at baseline, 18, 36 and 54 months with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the depression scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). No association between Aβ status and classification of depression was observed at the baseline, 18, and 36 month assessments. At the 54 month assessment the Aβ+ group was 4.5 times more likely to meet criteria for depression according to their GDS score. In the Aβ+ group, depressive symptoms were increased significantly at the 54 month assessment compared to baseline. No increase was observed in the Aβ- group. Change in depressive symptoms was modelled over all assessments using a linear mixed model and a composite depression score derived from the GDS and HADS-D. This model showed a small but statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms over time in the AB+ group (Cohen's d = 0.11). In older individuals, who were not depressed when recruited, high Aβ was associated with small but significant increases in depressive symptomatology across 54 months. Consequently, Aβ+ individuals also showed an increased rate of development of depressive disorder. The results indicate that subtle increases in depressive symptoms are associated with increased Aβ deposition and suggest that these symptoms may in fact form a part of the pathological sequelae of AD.
Incorporating global information into secondary structure prediction with hidden Markov models of protein folds. (1997)

Here we propose an approach to include global structural information in the secondary structure prediction procedure based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) of protein folds. We first identify the correct fold or 'topology' of a protein by means of the HMMs of topology families of proteins. Then the most likely structural model for that protein is used to modify the sequence of secondary structure states previously obtained with a prediction algorithm. Our goal is to investigate the effect on the prediction accuracy of including global structural information in the secondary structure prediction scheme, by means of the HMMs. We find that when the HMM of the predicted topology of a protein is used to adjust the secondary structure sequence predicted originally with the Quadratic-Logistic method, the cross-validated prediction accuracy (Q3) improves by 3%. The topology is correctly predicted in 68% of the cases. We conclude that this HMM based approach is a promising tool for effectively incorporating global structural information in the secondary structure prediction scheme.
Extreme undercooling (down to 90K) of liquid metal nanoparticles (2006)

Low-melting-point metal nanoparticles show remarkable undercoolings: exceptional values ΔT∕Tm≅0.5 were previously reported for confined Ga droplets in the 100–1000nm range. This was considered a characteristic limiting temperature for Ga. We here give evidence that Ga nanoparticles in the 3–15nm range can be undercooled at least down to 90K (ΔT∕Tm⩾0.7) without crystallization. Since computations and experiments on clusters with &amp;lt;50 atoms show on the contrary the signatures of melting at temperatures well above the bulk value, the result is particularly relevant in stressing the importance of interfacial and finite-size effects on the thermodynamics of the nanoscale.
Standardizing terms for clinical pharmacogenetic test results: consensus terms from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) (2016)

The proposed standardized pharmacogenetic terms will improve the understanding and interpretation of pharmacogenetic tests and reduce confusion by maintaining consistent nomenclature. These standard terms can also facilitate pharmacogenetic data sharing across diverse electronic health care record systems with clinical decision support.Genet Med 19 2, 215-223.
Efficient and 1,8-diiodooctane-free ternary organic solar cells fabricated via nanoscale morphology tuning using small-molecule dye additive (2017)

The ternary strategy for incorporating multiple photon-sensitive components into a single junction has emerged as an effective method for optimizing the nanoscale morphology and improving the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, efficient and stable ternary OSCs were achieved by introducing the small-molecule dye (5E,5′E)-5,5′-(4′,4″-(1,2-diphenylethene-1,2-diyl)bis(biphenyl-4′,4-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothia zolidin-4-one) (BTPE-Rn) into poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-co-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend films processed using a 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)-free solvent. The incorporation of BTPE-Rn enhanced the short-circuit current density and fill factor of the ternary OSCs compared with those of binary OSCs. An investigation of the optical, electronic, and morphological properties of the ternary blends indicated that the third component of BTPE-Rn not only promoted the photon utilization of blends through the energy-transfer process but also improved the electron mobility of the blends owing to the fullerene-rich nanophase optimization. More importantly, this ternary strategy of utilizing a small-molecule dye to replace the photounstable DIO additive enhanced the operational stability of the OSCs.
Optical Structure near 20 meV in Valence-Fluctuation Compounds (1981)

The first measurement is reported of low-energy (20 meV) structure in the low-temperature dielectric function of two valence-fluctuation materials: Ce${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$ and Yb${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$. The structure is consistent with energy-dependent scattering of electrons off a resonant level whose width and position (relative to the Fermi level) are roughly comparable. No such structure is observed in the integral-valent materials Y${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$, Dy${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$, and Lu${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$. The valence-fluctuation compounds Ce${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ and Ce${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$ do not show a resonance above 4 meV.
Interplay between H‐Bonding and Alkyl‐Chain Ordering in Self‐Assembly of Monodendritic L‐Alanine Derivatives (2012)

This paper reports on the synthesis and self-organizing properties of monodendrons consisting of L-alanine at the focal point and alkyl chains with different length at the periphery. The structures of thin films and monolayers are studied by temperature-resolved grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning force microscopy. The interplay between H-bonding and ordering of the alkyl chains results in a rich temperature-dependent phase behavior. The monodendrons form H-bonded stabilized clusters with the number of molecules depending on the length of the aliphatic chains and temperature. The clusters play the role of constitutive units in the subsequent self-assembly. Short alkyl chains allow the material to form thermodynamically stable crystalline phases. The molecules with longer side groups exhibit additional transitions from the crystalline phase to thermotropic columnar hexagonal or columnar rectangular liquid-crystalline phases. In monolayers deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, the materials show ordering similar to thin films. However, for the compound bearing hexadecyl chains the affinity of the alkyl groups to graphite dominates the self-assembly and thereby allows epitaxial growth of a 2D lattice with flat-on oriented molecules.