gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities, and the acute toxicity of extracts from of Brucea sumatrana Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) leaves collected in Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of Congo (2015)

Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiprotozoal activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihmania infantum, the multidrug-resistant K1 and chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strains of Plasmodium falciparum indicated that all samples from the leaves extract presented interesting antiprotozoal activity at different extents. The 80% methanol extract, its chloroform acid, petroleum ether and 80% methanol soluble fractions and the aqueous extract exhibited strong activity against Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. cruzi, L. infantum and the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values from < 0.25 to 4.35 µg/ml as well as against chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values ranging from < 0.02 to 2.0.4 µg/ml. Most samples were cytotoxic against MRC-5 cell lines (0.2 < cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) < 24.5 µg/ml) and showed good selective effect against all tested parasites. In acute toxicity, the aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic and its LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5 g/kg. In addition, it did not significantly modify the concentration levels of some evaluated biochemical and hematological parameters in rats. These results constitute a scientific validation supporting and justifying the traditional use of the leaves of B. sumatrana for the treatment of malaria, sleeping sickness and at some extent Chaga disease.

	Key words: Brucea sumatrana, Simaroubaceae, leaves, extracts, antiprotozoal activity, cytotoxic activity, acute toxicity.
Lithium vapor/aerosol studies. Interim summary report (1979)

The temperature/cover gas pressure regime, in which detectable lithium aerosol is formed in a static system has been mapped for argon and helium cover gases using a portable He--Ne laser device. At 538/sup 0/C (1000/sup 0/F), lithium aerosol particles were observed over the range 0.5 to 20 torr and 2 to 10 torr for argon and helium respectively. The experimental conditions in this study were more conducive to aerosol formation than in a fusion reactor. In the real reactor system, very high intensity mechanical and thermal disturbances will be made to the liquid lithium. These disturbances, particularly transient increases in lithium vapor pressure appear to be capable of producing high concentrations of optically-dense aerosol. A more detailed study is, therefore, proposed using the basic information generated in these preliminary experiments, as a starting point. Areas recommended include the kinetics of aerosol formation and the occurrence of supersaturated vapor during rapid vapor pressure transients, and also the effect of lithium agitation (falls, jets, splashing, etc.) on aerosol formation.
Indocyanine Green (2003)

Given this apparent neurotoxicity, ICG should not be used when intrathecal or nerve root injection is possible.
Software Crash Analysis for Automatic Exploit Generation on Binary Programs (2014)

This paper presents a new method, capable of automatically generating attacks on binary programs from software crashes. We analyze software crashes with a symbolic failure model by performing concolic executions following the failure directed paths, using a whole system environment model and concrete address mapped symbolic memory in S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> E. We propose a new selective symbolic input method and lazy evaluation on pseudo symbolic variables to handle symbolic pointers and speed up the process. This is an end-to-end approach able to create exploits from crash inputs or existing exploits for various applications, including most of the existing benchmark programs, and several large scale applications, such as a word processor (Microsoft office word), a media player (mpalyer), an archiver (unrar), or a pdf reader (foxit). We can deal with vulnerability types including stack and heap overflows, format string, and the use of uninitialized variables. Notably, these applications have become software fuzz testing targets, but still require a manual process with security knowledge to produce mitigation-hardened exploits. Using this method to generate exploits is an automated process for software failures without source code. The proposed method is simpler, more general, faster, and can be scaled to larger programs than existing systems. We produce the exploits within one minute for most of the benchmark programs, including mplayer. We also transform existing exploits of Microsoft office word into new exploits within four minutes. The best speedup is 7,211 times faster than the initial attempt. For heap overflow vulnerability, we can automatically exploit the unlink() macro of glibc, which formerly requires sophisticated hacking efforts.
Research data supporting: The Crucial Role of Charge in Thermoresponsive-Polymer-Assisted Reversible Dis/Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles (2018)

Research data supporting The Crucial Role of Charge in Thermoresponsive-Polymer-Assisted Reversible Dis/Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
Electrical Sampling Techniques (1988)

This is a tutorial paper about electrical sampling techniques. The paper reviews the basic sampling principles. It identifies the main sampling models, analyzes them, and discusses their corresponding signal recovery requirements and methods. The paper also presents the practical aspects of sampling. The conventional diode sampling gate circuit is presented and analyzed, and typical sampling system schematics are shown and discussed.
Ultra-Sensitive Absorption Measurements Using Cavity-Enhanced Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy (2006)

We use cavity-enhanced frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy in the first measurement of the sixth overtone band of NO near 797 nm. The high detection sensitivity achieved (2⋅10−10 cm−1Hz−1/2) shows promise for trace gas monitoring applications
Generalized vector radiative transfer and applications to pulse scattering, nonspherical particles and wave correlations in the atmosphere (1998)

We present our studies related to wave propagation and scattering in the atmosphere. First, we consider pulse scattering. General formulations are given for two-frequency radiative transfer and two-frequency complex Stokes vectors. The problem of a short pulse incident on a plane parallel scattering medium is formulated, and numerical examples are given for optical pulse scattering in fog and millimeter pulse scattering in rain. Included in this study is the case of resonance scattering where particle sizes are comparable to a wavelength. Phase, group, and energy velocities are identified, and distinction is made for coherent and incoherent pulse waves. Next, we consider vector radiative transfer applied to nonspherical particles such as ice particles and Pruppacher-Pitter raindrops in the atmosphere. General extinction matrix formulations and first-order solutions are presented with numerical examples for microwave scattering. Generalizations of polarization signature and angular, frequency and polarization correlations are then discussed, including imaging and vector radar equations in the atmosphere.
Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite (2002)

The choice of an irrigating solution for use in infected root canals requires previous knowledge of the microorganisms responsible for the infectious process as well as the properties of different irrigating solutions. Complex internal anatomy, host defenses and microorganism virulence are important factors in the treatment of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Irrigating solutions must have expressive antimicrobial action and tissue dissolution capacity. Sodium hypochlorite is the most used irrigating solution in endodontics, because its mechanism of action causes biosynthetic alterations in cellular metabolism and phospholipid destruction, formation of chloramines that interfere in cellular metabolism, oxidative action with irreversible enzymatic inactivation in bacteria, and lipid and fatty acid degradation. The aim of this work is to discuss the mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite based on its antimicrobial and physico-chemical properties.
La personalidad de marca como constructo de segundo orden: una aplicación a las ciudades de Barcelona y Sevilla. (2009)

Hoy en dia, las ciudades procuran mostrarse diferentes o distintas a las demas, por esta razon su personalidad de marca puede ser considerada como una figura viable para entender las percepciones de sus visitantes. Esta investigacion en concreto analiza cuales son las dimensiones de personalidad de marca de las ciudades y si esta personalidad puede ser considerada un modelo de segundo orden. Los resultados demuestran la existencia de cinco dimensiones de personalidad para las ciudades: emocion, sofisticacion, sinceridad, pasion y amabilidad. Finalmente se comprueba que la personalidad de marca aplicada en el contexto de las ciudades es efectivamente un constructo de segundo orden.
Technoeconomic Analysis of Alternative Solarized s-CO2 Brayton Cycle Configurations (2016)

This paper evaluates cost and performance tradeoffs of alternative supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) closed-loop Brayton cycle configurations with a concentrated solar heat source. Alternative s-CO2 power cycle configurations include simple, recompression, cascaded, and partial cooling cycles. Results show that the simple closed-loop Brayton cycle yielded the lowest power-block component costs while allowing variable temperature differentials across the s-CO2 heating source, depending on the level of recuperation. Lower temperature differentials led to higher sensible storage costs, but cycle configurations with lower temperature differentials (higher recuperation) yielded higher cycle efficiencies and lower solar collector and receiver costs. The cycles with higher efficiencies (simple recuperated, recompression, and partial cooling) yielded the lowest overall solar and power-block component costs for a prescribed power output.
Disinfectant Susceptibility of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin/Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Residents of Long-Term-Care Facilities (2022)

We have recently reported the isolation of third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the oral cavity of residents of a long-term-care facility (LTCF). Since disinfectants are often used in the oral cavity, it is important to investigate the disinfectant susceptibility of oral bacteria. Here, we evaluated the susceptibilities of Gram-negative antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (GN-ARB), including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, obtained from the oral cavity of residents of LTCFs to povidone-iodine (PVPI), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), benzalkonium chloride (BZK), and chlorhexidine chloride (CHX). We also evaluated the susceptibilities of isolates from the rectum to the same agents to compare the susceptibility profiles of oral and rectal isolates. Next, we investigated the relationship between their susceptibility and disinfectant resistance genes delineated by whole-genome sequencing of the isolates. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between disinfectant-resistant GN-ARB and clinical information. In oral GN-ARB, the MIC of PVPI showed almost identical values across isolates, while the MICs of CPC, BZK, and CHX showed a wide range of variation among species/strains. In particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited high-level resistance to CPC and BZK. The disinfectant susceptibility of rectal GN-ARB showed a tendency similar to that of oral GN-ARB. The presence of <i>qacE</i>Δ<i>1</i> was correlated with CPC/BZK resistance in P. aeruginosa, while other species exhibited no correlation between <i>qacE</i>Δ<i>1</i> and resistance. Multiple analyses showed the correlation between the presence of CPC-resistant bacteria in the oral cavity and tube feeding. In conclusion, we found that some oral GN-ARB isolates showed resistance to not only antibiotics but also disinfectants. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are becoming a serious concern worldwide. We previously reported the isolation of third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the oral cavity of residents of a long-term-care facility (LTCF). To prevent infection with ARB in hospitals and eldercare facilities, we must pay more attention to the use of not only antibiotics but also disinfectants. However, the effect of disinfectants on ARB is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of Gram-negative ARB (GN-ARB) from the oral cavity of residents of LTCFs to some disinfectants that are often used for the oral cavity; we found that some isolates showed resistance to several disinfectants. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the disinfectant susceptibility of oral GN-ARB. These results provide some important information for infection control and suggest that disinfectants should be applied carefully.
The Design and Realization of the Internet of Things Gateway Based on RFID and WSN Technology (2012)

Based on the two core technologies of internet of things -RFID and WSN , this essay puts forward the realization of a heterogeneity gateway equipment which can support all kinds of sensor network and access network. This equipment can support different kind of sensor node and access mode, so it can be used to shield different sensor network and access network, which make the application program only need to pay attention to the data process of the application environment, meanwhile the operation is also simplified. This equipment also has a good market expectation and popularization value.
Laser with injected squeezed vacuum: Phase diffusion and intensity fluctuations (1994)

We investigate the effect of injected squeezed vacuum on the phase and intensity fluctuations of a laser. By using a stochastic simulation of the Langevin equations, we find that the phase diffusion noise of a laser with injected squeezed vacuum can be transiently reduced by a factor of 2, in agreement, with earlier predictions. Further, we find that the laser linewidth is broadened. The key observation is that the phase-diffusion rate is time dependent. We find that the steady-state intensity fluctuations are increased by the injected squeezing, in qualitative (but not quantitative) agreement with an earlier prediction. The problem of locking is examined. We find that the injected squeezed vacuum does not cause the laser to lock to any particular phase. We present an approximate solution of the Fokker-Planck equation in steady state, and a simple geometrical, vector kick model from which most of our results can be obtained.
Role of calcium signaling for GDNF secretion, ureter branching and early nephron formation (2016)

Low nephron endowment has an adverse effect on the outcome of many kidney diseases and is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The formation of nephrons occurs as a result of the reciprocal interaction between metanephric mesenchymal (MM) cells and the ureteric bud (UB). MM cells secrete the trophic factor GDNF, which binds to the Ret receptors on the UB. Signaling via GDNF and the Ret receptor promotes UB branching and plays a central role for initiating nephron formation. The mechanisms controlling the release of GDNF from the MM cells has been elusive, despite its fundamental importance for kidney development. Most secretory processes are controlled by calcium signaling. Here we demonstrate, using embryonic E14 rat kidneys cultured for 1–2 days, the occurrence of spontaneous calcium transients in MM cells with a frequency of 2–29 min −1 . Depletion of calcium stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) caused drastic reduction of calcium activity, while acute exposure of kidneys to calcium‐free extracellular solution had no effect. To chronically reduce the ER calcium stores and downregulate the spontaneous calcium activity in MM cells, kidneys were exposed to low concentration of CPA from DIV1 to DIV2. This resulted in swelling and significant reduction of UB as well as of significant reduction of UB branching points and of newly formed pre‐glomeruli. In addition, GDNF concentration in the culture media was significantly lower for CPA treated than for control kidneys. To further assess the role of calcium signaling for GDNF secretion, we stained the kidneys for MM and UB markers (WT‐1 and E‐Cadherin respectively) and for GDNF, as well as synaptotagmin‐1 (SYT1), a calcium binding protein that is the major calcium sensor activating secretory processes in the brain. By applying a tissue clearing protocol and super‐resolution microscopy, we could resolve the localization of SYT1 and GDNF in the MM cells, both surrounding the UB tips. In summary we have identified a novel calcium dependent link in the complex process of nephron formation. In the light of this, our results indicate that the vesicle transport and calcium‐regulated fusion that control neurotransmitter release at the synapsis could also have fundamental importance for early embryonic development of methanephric kidney. Support or Funding Information The Swedish Research Council (AA and HB).
Economics of Germ Preseparation for Dry‐Grind Ethanol Facilities (1997)

ABSTRACT A detailed economic analysis of a 914 tonnes/day (36,000 bu/day) “Quick Germ” ethanol process was performed. The Quick Germ ethanol process is a combination of a dry‐grind and a wet‐milling ethanol process. The Quick Germ ethanol process increases the coproduct value in the dry‐grind ethanol process by recovering germ before fermentation. Germ is recovered using the conventional wet‐milling degermination process. Economic assessment of the Quick Germ process proved profitable. The savings achieved by recovering germ as a coproduct and by increasing the fermentor capacity due to removal of nonfermentables from the corn mash will reduce the manufacturing cost of ethanol by 2.69 ¢/L (10.19 ¢/gal or $0.265/bu) when compared to the conventional dry‐grind ethanol process.
Energetics of Feedback: Application to Memory Erasure (2021)

Landauer's erasure principle states that any irreversible erasure protocol of a single bit memory needs work of at least $k_B T ln2.$ Recent proof of concept experiments has demonstrated that the erasure protocols with work close to the Landauer limit can be devised. Under feedback, where the state of the bit can be measured, the work needed for bit erasure can be lower than $k_B T ln2.$ In this article, we analyze the energetics of feedback enabled erasure, while incorporating the imperfections of experimentally realized memory and bit erasure protocols that admit failure probabilities. We delineate the role of uncertainty in measurements and its effects on the work and entropy changes for a feedback-based erasure. We quantitatively demonstrate that the deficit between the Landauer limit and the minimum average work needed in a feedback-based erasure is accounted for by the mutual information between the measurement and the state of the memory, while incorporating the imperfections inherent in any realization. We experimentally demonstrate analysis results on a memory and erasure protocol realized using optical fields.
The Effects of γ-Ray Irradiation on Bacillus natto (1968)

市販納豆菌胞子の60Co-γ線照射による影響を調べた結果(1) 1.86×105radの照射で約97%, 3.72×105radで99.7%, 7.44×105radで99.996%の胞子が死滅した。(この結果は寺本氏等の結果と大体同じである。)(2) 3.72×105rad照射により納豆粘質生成能の強くなる菌株が多く得られた。(3) 7.44×105rad以上の照射により得られた菌株は一般に粘質物生成能およびブロテアーゼ活性が低下した。(4) 被照射株の集落は外観上稍変化が認められるが, 合成培地で生成される粘質物についてはすべてグルタミン酸のみからなるポリグルタミン酸であった。
An Online Algorithm for Power-proportional Data Centers with Switching Cost (2018)

Recent studies have shown that power-proportional data centers can save energy cost by dynamically "right-sizing" the data centers based on real-time workload. More servers are activated when the workload increases while some servers can be put into the sleep mode during periods of low load. In this paper, we revisit the dynamic right-sizing problem for heterogeneous data centers with various operational cost and switching cost. We propose a new online algorithm based on a regularization technique, which achieves a better competitive ratio compared to the state-of-the-art greedy algorithm. We further introduce a switching cost offset into the model and extend our algorithm to this new setting. Simulations based on real workload and renewable energy traces show that our algorithms outperform the greedy algorithm in both settings.
Gadolinium‐containing magnetic resonance contrast media: investigation on the possible transchelation of Gd3+ to the glycosaminoglycan heparin (2012)

Retention of gadolinium (Gd) in biological tissues is considered an important cofactor in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Research on this issue has so far focused on the stability of Gd-based contrast media (GdCM) and a possible release of Gd³⁺ from the complex. No studies have investigated competing chelators that may occur in vivo. We performed proton T(1) -relaxometry in solutions of nine approved GdCM and the macromolecular chelator heparin (250 000 IU per 10 ml) without and with addition of ZnCl₂. For the three linear, nonspecific GdCM complexes, Omniscan®, OptiMARK® and Magnevist®, 2 h of incubation in heparin at 37 °C in the presence of 2.0 mm ZnCl₂ led to an increase in T₁-relaxivity by a factor of 7.7, 5.6 and 5.1, respectively. For the three macrocyclic complexes, Gadovist®, Dotarem® and Prohance®, only a minor increase in T₁-relaxivity by a factor of 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 was found, respectively. Without addition of ZnCl₂, no difference between the two GdCM groups was observed (factors of 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively). The increase in T₁-relaxivities observed for linear GdCM complexes may be attributable to partial transchelation with formation of a macromolecular Gd-heparin complex. For comparison, mixing of GdCl₃ and heparin results in a 8.7-fold higher T₁-relaxivity compared with a solution of GdCl₃ in water. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and as such occurs in the human body as a component of the extracellular matrix. GAGs generally are known to be strong chelators. Gd³⁺ released from chelates of GdCM might be complexed by GAGs in vivo, which would explain their retention in biological tissues. Plasma GAG levels are elevated in end-stage renal disease; hence, our results might contribute to the elucidation of NSF.