gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anodic nano-porous humidity sensing thin films for the commercial and industrial applications (2004)

Presented is a method to make anodic nano-porous humidity sensors using standard integrated circuit processes. These films are proposed as a replacement for polyamide based thin film humidity sensors. Standard titanium tungsten/aluminum multilayer films are deposited using commercial quality deposition equipment onto silicon (100) substrates. Films are anodized in 4% oxalic acid at 40 and 60 volts. Nano-porous humidity sensors are demonstrated that have a factor of 40 difference (dry to wet) in impedance at 20 Hz and a factor of 4 difference at 1 MHz. The complex impedance for saturated and dry films was presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Pd on Spherical Carbon. (2014)

Abstract The reduction of azides, nitro compounds, alkynes, and alkenes is achieved in the presence of benzyl esters, benzyl ethers, nitriles, aromatic ketones, N‐carbobenzyloxy protecting groups, and aromatic O‐TBS ethers using the new heterogeneous palladium catalyst supported on spherical carbon.
Novel techniques, standardization tools to enhance reliability of acoustic rhinometry measurements. (2000)

Acoustic rhinometry measurements are influenced by factors related to subject posture, breathing, inclination and positioning of the wavetube, leaks and distortion at the nostril-nose adapter connection and ambient noise. We present simple techniques to control these errors. Thus, gel on contoured nose adapters, shadow tracing to maintain posture, laser homing for wavetube alignment, are all integrated into a practical scheme that is easy to implement and causes minimum discomfort to subjects. Repeatability improved to below 3% coefficient of variation (CV) in non decongested subjects when trained operators used all the techniques together viz. gel on nose adaptors, shadow tracing, laser homing. In a factorial experiment, repeated measurements were made on subjects over two consecutive days with operator training and standardization tools as variables. An analysis of variance identified the most important factors to be gel on contoured nose adapters, operator training and control of breathing. With gel, the mean CV between readings was 5.8%, measurement time 30.3 seconds. The tools, especially gel and shadow tracing, helped untrained operators achieve performance levels that were more comparable with trained operators. Reproducible curves could be taken rapidly. Thus a significant difference of 31.2 seconds between untrained and trained operators reduced to 12.6 seconds using tools. These techniques significantly improve the reliability, speed and ease of doing repeated acoustic rhinometry measurements and thus the quality of data generated in nasal studies.
A Survey of the Current Practice of Obstetric Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Malaysis (2000)

Although the use of epidural analgesia for labour was low in Malaysia, the overall rate of regional anaesthesia for caesarean section (41.9%) is very much in keeping with the standards of safe practice recommended by the United Kingdom.
Nearly lossless compression of color still images and its performance evaluation (1996)

Abstract Existing image coding systems can be categorized into lossy and lossless coding methods. Nearly lossless compression, which attains both higher compression performance than lossless compression and higher image quality than lossy compression, is required in applications that include medicine and printing. This paper proposes a nearly lossless coding method in which distortion is restricted to within a predetermined range. The RGB input signals are transformed into one luminance and two chrominance components; the magnitudes of these luminance and chrominance components are adjusted in the encoder so that the reconstructed RGB signals have minimum distortion after inverse color transformation in the decoder. The prediction residual signals of these level‐adjusted components are entropy coded. As a result, the reconstructed RGB signals have coding distortion levels of only +1 or ‐1. This restricted distortion never accumulates even if encoder/decoder couples are connected in tandem because all encoders and decoders operate in synchrony.
An accurate step detection algorithm using unconstrained smartphones (2015)

In recent years, mobile device (e.g., smartphone, tablet and etc.) equipped with various inertial sensors is increasingly popular in daily life, and a large number of mobile applications have been developed based on such built-in inertial sensors. In particular, detecting and counting steps is a prerequisite for many applications, such as smart healthcare, smart home, tracking and location, and etc., and thus has attained much attention. Peak detection is known to be one of the simplest and most efficient solutions in this field, but suffers from the drift in the orientation and position of the device if it is not tightly fixed on the human's body. In this paper, we present a novel method to accurately detect and count steps of a human who carries on a smartphone in an unconstrained manner. To be specific, the proposed method fuses the signals from the accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope of the smartphone to transform the device reference frame to the earth reference frame, and then employs the vertical acceleration to implement the peak detection algorithm. Extensive simulations are carried out and confirm that the proposed method is more robust than the existing algorithms.
Early Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Cognitive Function (2008)

This small pilot study suggests that significant changes in memory function can be detected as early as after 3 treatments of ECT and that such monitoring can be done in routine clinical practice. There was, however, no evidence that these changes correlated with longer term changes.
SoLoc: Self-organizing indoor localization for unstructured and dynamic environments (2017)

Self-organization is critical to enable novel indoor Location-Based Services (LBSs) for users and businesses in large, complex and unstructured buildings. Inspired by high densities of smartphones in public indoor spaces, in this paper we propose a self-organizing indoor localization approach that allows the use of available WiFi Access Points (APs) and iBeacons in the area to improve location accuracy and environment adaptability. Our approach is based on a semi-anchored localization that estimates the unknown location of smartphones, given known-location anchors (APs) and unknown-location anchors (iBeacons). We exploit the capabilities of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm to accurately estimate smartphone locations in realtime, in contrast to fingerprinting methods that require a tedious off-line training phase. Moreover, we use a clustering method based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values to obtain the initial estimated location for the optimization. We evaluate our approach using available APs and non-coordinated iBeacons in a large building to localize smartphones. The experimental results confirm that our self-organizing approach not only effortlessly estimates the position of mobile devices, but also provides a higher localization accuracy than other widely used approaches such as extant fingerprinting techniques for both scenarios, with and without iBeacons.
γ-Glutamyl PAMAM Dendrimer as Versatile Precursor for Dendrimer-Based Targeting Devices (2009)

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are highly branched spherical polymers that have a unique surface of primary amine groups and provide a versatile design for targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals and imaging agents. Acetylation or succinylation of surface amine groups of PAMAM dendrimer derivatives is frequently performed to reduce nonspecific uptake. However, since targeting molecules, drugs/imaging agents, and acylating reagents react with the amine groups on dendrimer, such modification may limit the number of targeting molecules and/or drugs or may result in insufficient charge reduction. In this study, a gamma-glutamyl PAMAM dendrimer was designed and synthesized as a new precursor for targeting device. The relationship between surface electrical properties of the PAMAM dendrimer derivatives and pharmacokinetics was also determined. A PAMAM dendrimer (generation 4.0) was modified with a small number of Bolton-Hunter reagent to prepare Phe-P (pI 9.2). The amine residues of Phe-P were gamma-glutamylated to prepare Glu-P (pI 7.1). The alpha-amine residues of Glu-P were then acetylated or succinylated to prepare Ac-Glu-P (pI 5.3) or Suc-Glu-P (pI 3.6). For comparison, Phe-P was acetylated or succinylated to prepare Ac-P (pI 6.0) or Suc-P (pI 5.1). All the PAMAM dendrimer derivatives exhibited similar molecular size (7.2 to 7.8 nm) except for Ac-P (5.1 nm). The biodistribution studies were performed after radioiodination of each PAMAM dendrimer derivative with Na[(125)I]I. When injected intravenously to mice, both [(125)I]Ac-P and [(125)I]Suc-P exhibited prolonged radioactivity levels in the blood and significantly lower hepatic and renal radioactivity levels than those of [(125)I]Phe-P. Both [(125)I]Glu-P and [(125)I]Ac-Glu-P showed residence times in the blood similar to those of [(125)I]Ac-P and [(125)I]Suc-P. However, [(125)I]Glu-P also registered higher radioactivity levels in the kidney. High hepatic and renal radioactivity levels were observed with highly anionic [(125)I]Suc-Glu-P. These results indicate that, while the manipulation of pI between 5 to 6 would be appropriate to enhance blood retention and reduce renal and hepatic uptake, the amount of primary amine residues on dendrimer surface may also play a crucial role in their renal uptake. The findings in this study show that gamma-glutamyl PAMAM dendrimers would constitute versatile precursors to prepare PAMAM dendrimer-based targeting devices due to their neutral molecular charge (pI 7.1) and the presence of a large number of alpha-amine residues available for conjugation of targeting molecules and drugs/imaging agents.
Computational Studies of Nucleophilic Substitution at Carbonyl Carbon:  the SN2 Mechanism versus the Tetrahedral Intermediate in Organic Synthesis (2004)

A theoretical study specifically addresses the question of whether nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl groups of acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides involves an addition-elimination pathway or proceeds by a concerted S(N)2-like mechanism in the absence of the generally assumed tetrahedral intermediate. Density functional calculations [B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)] establish that chloride ion exchange reactions with both formyl and acetyl chloride proceed by a pi attack on the C=O bond. No discernible tetrahedral intermediate typical of an addition-elimination pathway was found in either case. While a tetrahedral intermediate does exist for the addition of fluoride ion to (Cl)(2)C=O, halide exchange of LiCl with both ClFC=O and (Cl)(2)C=O also proceeds by a concerted S(N)2-like pathway. The formation of a tetrahedral intermediate from the addition of methanol to acetyl chloride is slightly exothermic (4.4 kcal/mol). The ion-dipole complex of methanol weakly bonded to the carbonyl carbon of protonated acetyl chloride is stabilized by 13.8 kcal/mol but does not collapse to a tetrahedral intermediate. When four CH(3)OH molecules are H-bonded to protonated acetyl chloride, a tetrahedral intermediate is not completely formed and this solvated complex more closely resembles the precursor to an S(N)1-type ionization of Cl(-). With six H-bonding methanol molecules, a methanol adds to the carbonyl carbon and a proton relay occurs with formation of a tetrahedral-like structure that immediately loses chloride ion in an S(N)1-like solvolysis. These results corroborate earlier suggestions (Bentley et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7927) that the methanolysis of acetyl chloride does not proceed through the generally assumed addition-elimination pathway with a discrete tetrahedral intermediate but is consistent with ionization of Cl(-). The reaction of methoxide ion with methyl acetate proceeds via a multiple-well energy surface and involves the intermediacy of an asymmetrical species with differing C-OMe bond lengths. Models of synthetic applications of acyl transfer reactions involving anhydrides that form N-acyloxazolidinones also proceed by a concerted S(N)2-type pathway even with the carboxylate leaving group. Concerted transition states were observed for the reactions of each enantiomer of a 1,3-diphenylcycloprop-2-ene carboxylic anhydride by S-3-lithio-4-phenyloxazolidinone. Despite close structural similarities between the diastereomeric transition states, the relative energies correlated closely with the experimental results.
Enhancement of Candida antarctica lipase B enantioselectivity and activity in organic solvents (1998)

The enantioselectivity and catalytic activity of Novozym 435® [Candidaantarctica lipase B (CALB)] in organic solvents was found to dramatically increase upon the addition of a non-reactive organic base, such as Et3N, to the reaction system.
Arc Requires PSD95 for Assembly into Postsynaptic Complexes Involved with Neural Dysfunction and Intelligence (2017)

Arc is an activity-regulated neuronal protein, but little is known about its interactions, assembly into multiprotein complexes, and role in human disease and cognition. We applied an integrated proteomic and genetic strategy by targeting a tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag and Venus fluorescent protein into the endogenous Arc gene in mice. This allowed biochemical and proteomic characterization of native complexes in wild-type and knockout mice. We identified many Arc-interacting proteins, of which PSD95 was the most abundant. PSD95 was essential for Arc assembly into 1.5-MDa complexes and activity-dependent recruitment to excitatory synapses. Integrating human genetic data with proteomic data showed that Arc-PSD95 complexes are enriched in schizophrenia, intellectual disability, autism, and epilepsy mutations and normal variants in intelligence. We propose that Arc-PSD95 postsynaptic complexes potentially affect human cognitive function.
High Performance Ion Implanted InP Misfets Passivated With An Anodic Oxide' (1989)

High performance MIS field effect transistors on semi-insulating indium phosphide have been fabricated. The contacts and the channel are doped with silicon implantation. The passivation of the channel surface region is achieved by the growth of a 150 A thick specific anodic oxide, In(P03)3 condensed phosphate. The physico-chemical properties of this oxide, reported in details in a separate contribution to this conference, make this material an excellent candidate for the passivation of InP. The gate dielectric is completed with electron beam evaporated Al203. Depletion mode devices with a 2 micron channel length exhibit reproducible low saturation current drift (less than 4% after 1 hour) and high transconductance (100 mS/mm). They are well suited for integrated opto-electronics.
Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pseudo-LiDAR Point Cloud (2019)

Monocular 3D scene understanding tasks, such as object size estimation, heading angle estimation and 3D localization, is challenging. Successful modern day methods for 3D scene understanding require the use of a 3D sensor. On the other hand, single image based methods have significantly worse performance. In this work, we aim at bridging the performance gap between 3D sensing and 2D sensing for 3D object detection by enhancing LiDAR-based algorithms to work with single image input. Specifically, we perform monocular depth estimation and lift the input image to a point cloud representation, which we call pseudo-LiDAR point cloud. Then we can train a LiDAR-based 3D detection network with our pseudo-LiDAR end-to-end. Following the pipeline of two-stage 3D detection algorithms, we detect 2D object proposals in the input image and extract a point cloud frustum from the pseudo-LiDAR for each proposal. Then an oriented 3D bounding box is detected for each frustum. To handle the large amount of noise in the pseudo-LiDAR, we propose two innovations: (1) use a 2D-3D bounding box consistency constraint, adjusting the predicted 3D bounding box to have a high overlap with its corresponding 2D proposal after projecting onto the image; (2) use the instance mask instead of the bounding box as the representation of 2D proposals, in order to reduce the number of points not belonging to the object in the point cloud frustum. Through our evaluation on the KITTI benchmark, we achieve the top-ranked performance on both bird's eye view and 3D object detection among all monocular methods, effectively quadrupling the performance over previous state-of-the-art. Our code is available at https://github.com/xinshuoweng/Mono3D_PLiDAR.
Effective and Safe Fibrinolysis Requires both Plasminogen Activators in a Sequential Combination (2019)

A clot that obstructs blood flow triggers the onset of most heart attacks and 85% of strokes, the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Reestablishing blood flow rapidly limits damage to the heart or brain, saves lives, and can restore well-being. Since “time is heart or brain,” treatment must be initiated rapidly, which means by a readily available method. Fibrinolysis is the only therapy able to fulfill these criteria but the current method using tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) monotherapy is not sufficiently safe to be administered without pre-testing nor is it sufficiently effective to be very useful. Although anticoagulants have evolved, especially in recent years, the same thrombolytic has been used since 1987, when tPA monotherapy was approved for the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and subsequently also for ischemic stroke.
Shear-Rate Dependence of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Flexible Linear Macromolecules (1966)

Shear-rate dependence of the intrinsic viscosity has been studied on polystyrene in four different solvents by using a Zimm—Crothers rotational viscometer and Ubbelohde viscometers. The former viscometer was employed particularly for measuring zero-shear intrinsic viscosity [η]0. The results are summarized in terms of the [η]/[η]0 versus generalized rate of shear β=([η]0ηsM/RT)G, where ηs is the solvent viscosity, M the solute molecular weight, G the rate of shear, and others have usual significance. It has been found that, (i) at the values of β below 0.1, [η] is practically independent of rate of shear (or shear stress); (ii) the non-Newtonian effect does exist even in θ conditions; and (iii) at the values of β below 2, the [η]/[η]0-vs-β curves of the systems with different molecular weights and in different solvents give a single composite curve, which fairly well resembles to the curve of a prolate ellipsoid with the axial ratio p=3.
Research and Application for Nanometer Microspherolite Deep Profile Adjustment in Fluvial Heavy Offshore Oilfield (2012)

Based on understanding of the reservoir appliance condition of Nanometer microspherolite deep profile adjustment,QHD32-6 oil field can use this technology.And on the base of the test,using PI,FD and net oil response,this technology appliance is analyzed.Its successful application in Bohai bay provides a new method to improve the recovery factor of waterflooding oilfield.
A Robust CDMA VLC System Against Front-End Nonlinearity (2015)

The nonlinearity of a light-emitting diode (LED) limits the system performance of a visible light communications (VLC) system. Many nonlinearity mitigation methods have been studied. Recent technology advances in the micro-LED array have provided a simple alternative to deal with the system nonlinearity. In this paper, we study the approach of providing multiple access for the VLC system with the micro-LED array. A code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme that enables multiple access with variable data rate is proposed. In addition, the proposed system architecture is immune to the nonlinearity of the micro-LED array, thus providing optimal system performance. Simulations and laboratory experiments show the robustness and consistency of the proposed scheme.
Dupilumab Reduces Oral Corticosteroid Use in Patients With Corticosteroid-Dependent Severe Asthma (2022)

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S413‐PV cell penetrating peptide and cationic liposomes act synergistically to mediate intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA (2008)

Overall, our data highlight the potential of cell penetrating peptides for the development of improved nonviral gene delivery systems.
p21cip-1/waf-1 Deficiency Causes Deformed Nuclear Architecture, Centriole Overduplication, Polyploidy, and Relaxed Microtubule Damage Checkpoints in Human Hematopoietic Cells (1999)

Abstract A recent hypothesis suggests that tumor-specific killing by radiation and chemotherapy agents is due to defects or loss of cell cycle checkpoints. An important component of some checkpoints is p53-dependent induction of p21cip-1/waf-1. Both p53 and p21 have been shown to be required for microtubule damage checkpoints in mitosis and in G1 phase of the cell cycle and they thus help to maintain genetic stability. We present here evidence that p21cip-1/waf-1 deficiency relaxes the G1 phase microtubule checkpoint that is activated by microtubule damage induced with nocodazole. Reduced p21cip-1/waf-1expression also results in gross nuclear abnormalities and centriole overduplication. p53 has already been implicated in centrosome regulation. Our findings further suggest that the p53/p21 axis is involved in a checkpoint pathway that links the centriole/centrosome cycle and microtubule organization to the DNA replication cycle and thus helps to maintain genomic integrity. The inability to efficiently upregulate p21cip-1/waf-1 in p21cip-1/waf-1antisense-expressing cells in response to microtubule damage could uncouple the centrosome cycle from the DNA cycle and lead to nuclear abnormalicies and polyploidy. A centrosome duplication checkpoint could be a new target for novel chemotherapy strategies.
Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Maple Syrup (2012)

Pure maple syrup is unique in that it is the largest commercially produced and consumed plant natural product that is obtained entirely from the sap of trees. It is a natural sweetener produced by concentrating the colorless watery sap collected from certain maple (genus, Acer) species. The natural maple tree sap contains minerals, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino and organic acids, phytohormones, and phenolics, apart from sucrose which is its predominant sugar. During the intensive heating process required to transform sap to syrup, a complex cocktail of both native (originally present in the xylem sap), and derived (formed through chemical reactions during processing) phenolic compounds ultimately ends up in maple syrup. From a human health perspective, this is interesting considering that phenolics have attracted significant research attention for their potential role in the prevention and treatment of several chronic human diseases. Here we review current scientific knowledge of the chemical constituents, in particular phenolics, present in maple syrup. The biological activities of these compounds, in relation to the health benefits that may result from maple syrup consumption, are also briefly discussed.
The effects of chronic intracortical microstimulation on neural tissue and fine motor behavior (2015)

Chronic ICMS may be a viable means to convey sensory feedback in neuroprostheses as it does not cause significant damage to the stimulated tissue.