gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic etching of {100} and {110} planes in (100) silicon (2001)

Anisotropic etching of (100) silicon using KOH with 45° alignment to the primary ⟨110⟩ wafer flat was investigated. It was shown that in KOH solution with isopropyl alcohol added, high KOH concentration and temperature caused the selection of {100} instead of {110} walls, allowing reliable fabrication of {100} walls with improved surface smoothness due to the isopropyl alcohol. TMAOH solutions with methanol and isopropyl alcohol were also found to produce both types of wall, with excellent surface smoothness for the {110} walls. A new maskless etching technique was developed for corner compensation of structures bounded by {110} walls.
Characterization of potent ligands at human recombinant adenosine receptors (1998)

The four adenosine receptor subtypes have been stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells allowing for comparative studies in a similar cellular background, using radioligand binding studies (A1, A2A, A3) or adenylyl cyclase activity assays (A2B). We are currently using the transfected CHO cells for extensive screening of nucleosides and purine derivatives of our library. Screening of a number of 2-alkynyl analogs of 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) indicated that introduction of particular substituents, such as the racemic 2-phenylhydroxypropynyl group, led to a highly potent, nonselective agonist at A1, A2A, and A3 subtypes (PHPNECA, Ki in the low nanomolar range at the three subtypes). In the A2B functional assay, it has been found that PHPNECA (EC50 A2B = 0.88 μM) is threefold more potent than NECA. This article is the first report in which the introduction of a bulky group in the 2-position of NECA led to a compound that is active as an agonist at the human A2B subtype. On the other hand, the presence of a phenyl ring conjugated to the triple bond as in phenylethynylNECA (PENECA) enhanced selectivity for the A3 subtype. In the purine series (potential antagonists), 8-bromo-9-ethyladenine (8-BEA) showed good affinity toward all adenosine receptor subtypes (Ki A1 = 0.28 μM, Ki A2A = 0.052 μM, Ki A2B = 0.84 μM, Ki A3 = 27.8 μM). On the other hand, the introduction of alkynyl chains in the 8-position resulted in an increased affinity at the A3 receptor (8-hexynyl-9-ethyladenine, 8-HEEA, Ki A3 = 0.62 μM and 8-phenylethynyl-9-ethyladenine, 8-PEEA, Ki A3 = 0.086 μM). Drug Dev. Res. 45:176–181, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improving robustness of precoded MIMO systems with imperfect channel estimation (2009)

Low-rate feedback schemes have recently provided a means to achieve near optimal performance in multiple-input multiple-output communications systems while reducing feedback overhead to acceptable levels. In this paper, a bit-error rate expression for precoded systems is derived as a function of the channel estimation uncertainty. Poor channel state estimates are shown to degrade error rate performance significantly; however, if the channel estimation uncertainty is taken into account when selecting feedback parameters, it is shown that target performance can be maintained without wasting resources.
Priests and Wills (1948)

Journal Article Priests and Wills Get access Mary Phillips Mary Phillips Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 193, Issue 2, 24 January 1948, Page 43, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/193.2.43a Published: 24 January 1948
DC voltage control of MMC-based HVDC grid with Virtual Capacitor Control (2017)

Ensuring that the DC voltage remains within an acceptable range is a major concern for HVDC systems. In DC systems, the capacitance is the dominant factor that determines the volatility of the DC voltage against sudden disturbances in analogy to inertia of the AC system characterizing the rate of change of the frequency. As a solution to this problem, the authors of this paper previously proposed a novel control method for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), named Virtual Capacitor Control. This enables to make the MMC behave as if there were a physical capacitor whose size is adjustable. Thus, it is possible to attenuate the fluctuations of the DC voltage by virtually enhancing the equivalent capacitance of the system. This paper presents a method to determine the required size of this virtual capacitor to limit the peak of the DC voltage to a desired value in the case of the HVDC grid collecting the power generated by wind farms where a master/slave control may be applied. Its advantages are explicated with analysis on the DC voltage dynamics, and its feasibility is verified by EMT simulations of a three-terminal DC grid.
Nonbiological Removal of cis-Dichloroethylene and 1,1-Dichloroethylene in Aquifer Sediment Containing Magnetite (2004)

The U.S. EPA Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater emphasizes biological reductive dechlorination as the primary mechanism for destruction of chlorinated solvents. However, biological reductive dechlorination could not explain the removal of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and 1,1-DCE from a plume of contaminated groundwater in Minnesota. Several recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that common iron minerals such as magnetite can also transform chlorinated alkenes. Laboratory microcosms were constructed with sediment from three depth intervals in the aquifer near the source of the plume. The microcosms were autoclaved to prevent biological transformations. In these autoclaved sediments, the rates of removal of cis-DCE in samples from the shallow, intermediate, and deeper depth intervals in the aquifer were 0.58 +/- 0.09, 2.29 +/- 0.26, and 0.31 +/- 0.08 per year at 95% confidence. The rate of removal of 1,1-DCE in sediment from the shallow interval was 1.37 +/- 0.50 per year. The rates of removal in the microcosms are similar to the rates of attenuation observed in the field. Magnetite was identified in the sediment by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Published rates of transformation of cis-DCE by magnetite are consistent with the rates of removal in the microcosm study.
Selectively oxidized vertical-cavity laser performance and technology (2002)

We discuss revolutionary performance advances in selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), which have enabled low operating power laser diodes appropriate for aerospace applications. Incorporating buried oxide layers converted from AlGaAs layers within the laser cavity produces enhanced optical and electrical confinement enabling superior laser performance, such as high efficiency and modulation bandwidth. VCSELs are also shown to be viable over varied environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and ionized radiation. The development of novel VCSEL technologies for advanced system applications is also described. Two-dimensional individually addressable VCSEL arrays exhibit uniform threshold and operating characteristics. Bottom emitting 850 nm VCSEL arrays fabricated using wafer fusion are also reported.
Hydrodynamic Stability and Thermal Performance Test of a 1-MWt Sodium-Heated Once-Through Steam Generator Model (1974)

The 1-MWt Heat Transfer Model (HTM-1) test program was directed to the development of techniques to predict, and thereby avoid, water-side instabilities in sodium-heated once-through and recirculating steam generators. Water-side performance instabilities in steam generators have been an underlying problem through decades of experience. This subject is of particular concern to sodium-heated units due to the severe performance deterioration that can result from such instability. The 1-WMt test model contains nine 0.50 in. OD 130 ft long serpentine tubes. Thermocouples and low-pressure-drop orifice flow meters were installed at the feedwater inlet end of each of the three active tubes to disclose instabilities. These measurements were recorded on a high-speed oscillograph. Instabilities were deliberately induced in order to determine the inception condition of instability. The model was dynamically stable for a range of operating conditions. The model was statically stable (uniform static feedwater flow distribution) at all steam outlet conditions tested. The model was generally more stable than predicted especially at higher loads.
Mechanical and Chemical Thresholds in IV-VI Chalcogenide Glasses (1989)

It has been possible to identify two critical compositions in the IV-VI chalcogenide glassy system ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{100\ensuremath{-}x}$ by the anomalous variations of the high-pressure electrical resistivity behavior. The first critical composition, the chemical threshold, refers to the stoichiometric composition. The second critical composition, identified recently as the mechanical percolation threshold, is connected with the structural rigidity of the material.
Synthesis of Casein-g-Poly(n-butyl Methacrylate) (1985)

Abstract The graft copolymerization of n-butyl methacrylate onto casein initiated by peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium has been investigated and the results are discussed in the light of percent grafting, grafting efficiency, rates of conversion of monomer, and graft copolymerization.
A fast class-of-service oriented packet scheduling scheme for EPON access networks (2006)

Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) schemes in Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have been studied by several investigators. However, most of these schemes cannot provide efficient network utilization while supporting fair, deterministic service to end-users. In this letter, a novel OLT-based bandwidth allocation model is proposed that employs a credit pooling technique to partition the network bandwidth among different classes of service. High network utilization is achieved by embedding ONU scheduling decisions in time and by eliminating the channel idle-time overhead, associated with many earlier DBA schemes.
Facile Access to Mono- and Dinuclear Heteroleptic N-Heterocyclic Silylene Copper Complexes (2013)

Reaction of the heteroleptic N-heterocyclic chlorosilylene L(Cl)Si: (1; L = PhC(NtBu)2) with [Cu(tmeda)(CH3CN)][OTf] (2; tmeda = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, OTf = OSO2CF3 (triflate)) affords the Cu(I) complex [L(Cl)Si:→Cu(tmeda)][OTf] (3) in high yield as the first example of a heteroleptic N-heterocyclic silylene copper complex. Similarly, the reaction of L(OtBu)Si: (4; L = PhC(NtBu)2) with 2 affords [L(OtBu)Si: → Cu(tmeda)][OTf] (5) and that of L(NMe2)Si: (6) with 2 leads to [L(NMe2)Si:→Cu(tmeda)][OTf] (7). Complex 3 shows a rather strong interaction in the solid state between the O atom of the triflate anion and the three-coordinate Cu(I) center with a Cu···O distance of 2.312 Å. In contrast, complex 7 features only a weak interaction (ca. 3.28 Å), while in complex 5 the cation and anion are fully separated. Strikingly, the reaction of the chelating oxo-bridged silylene :Si(L)(μ2-O)(L)Si: (8) with the copper source [Cu(CH3CN)4][OTf] (9) affords the dinuclear complex salt [Cu2{η1:η1-LSi(μ2-O)SiL}2][OTf]2 (10), featuring a novel metallacyclooctane dication, selectively in a good yield. Complex 10 also exhibits a very strong interaction between the copper centers in the dication and the oxygen atoms of triflate anions in the solid state, evidenced by a Cu···O separation of only 2.141 Å. All complexes were fully characterized.
Vitreous Metastases of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma (2009)

PCBCL, diffuse large cell type, is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can metastasize to the vitreous without visible chorioretinal involvement.
A dual‐process model of brand extension: Taxonomic feature‐based and thematic relation‐based similarity independently drive brand extension evaluation (2011)

Abstract The success of a brand extension depends largely on the similarity between the brand and its extension product. Recent psychological and neuroscientific evidence supports a dual‐process model that distinguishes taxonomic feature‐based similarity from thematic relation‐based similarity. In addition to providing a parsimonious organizational framework for prior brand extension research, this dual‐process model also provides novel predictions about the processing and evaluation of taxonomic brand extensions (e.g., Budweiser cola) and thematic brand extensions (e.g., Budweiser chips). Results indicate that taxonomic and thematic similarities independently contribute to branding professionals' and lay consumers' evaluations of real and hypothetical brand extensions (Studies 1A and 1B). Counter‐intuitively, thematic brand extensions are processed more rapidly (Study 2), judged more novel, and evaluated more positively than taxonomic extensions (Study 3). When induced to consider the commonalities between the brand and the extension product, however, taxonomic extensions are judged more novel and evaluated more positively (Study 3). Implications for brand extension and marketing more generally are discussed.
Spinal Dysmyelination in Cross‐Bred Brown Swiss Calves (1994)

The occurrence of a congenital neurological disorder "spinal dysmyelination" in cross-bred calves in Denmark is reported. A total of 36 affected calves of the Red Danish Dairy breed X American Brown Swiss were detected. The calves occurred in a clear familiar pattern consistent with an autosomal recessively inherited trait, and the parents could be traced to a common ancestor. Clinically the disease was characterized by congenital lateral recumbency, opisthotonos, extension of the limbs, normal to increased reflexes, and normal alertness. At histological examination dysmyelination occurred constantly in specific spinal tracts.
The current state of immunotherapy for gliomas: an eye toward the future (2019)

The last decade has seen a crescendo of FDA approvals for immunotherapies against solid tumors, yet glioblastoma remains a prominent holdout. Despite more than 4 decades of work with a wide range of immunotherapeutic modalities targeting glioblastoma, efficacy has been challenging to obtain. Earlier forms of immune-based platforms have now given way to more current approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, personalized neoantigen vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and checkpoint blockade. The recent experiences with each, as well as the latest developments and anticipated challenges, are reviewed.
Effects of Line Narrowing and Collimation on Excimer Radiation at 248nm (1989)

The relevant characteristics of a 248 nm line-narrowed excimer laser have been measured. The laser&apos;s spectral width is 1.6 pm FWHM and its coherence length is 38 mm. The effects of this line narrowing on the optical components in illuminator systems have been studied. The results from several light pipe systems and a diffuser plate system are presented. The effects of external cavity collimation on the GCA-TROPEL BOLD illuminator are also presented.
iNEMI project on process development of BiSn-based low temperature solder pastes: Part III: Mechanical shock tests on POP BGA assemblies (2018)

Lowering peak reflow temperature from the current 240°C+ level for SnAgCu (SAC) solder paste during the assembly of electronic board products has economic, environmental and technical benefits. The Bi-Sn solder system is one low melting metallurgical system of interest, but the inherent brittleness of bismuth is its major drawback. Recently, solder suppliers have developed ductile Bi-Sn metallurgical and resin reinforced formulations of solder pastes to overcome this drawback. In this study, many of these newly developed solder pastes systems were evaluated by assembling SAC ball Package-on-Package (POP) components with these pastes on boards having the new JEDEC Standard design and then subjecting them to mechanical drops until failure. Result showed that though there was significant improvement in the mechanical shock resistance of the solder joints formed using the ductile metallurgy and resin reinforced formulations over those formed with the baseline eutectic Bi-Sn formulations, this improvement was still not up to par with that of the SAC solder paste.
Western cretaceous coal seam project. Summary of the vertical coal site, San Juan Basin. Topical report, September 1991-December 1992 (1992)

The report dicussses the evaluation of the two cooperative research wells, the Southern Ute 10-1, 32-10 and 10-3, 32-10, located in Section 10, Township 32 North, Range 10 West, La Plata County, Colorado. The primary observation of this project was that the cavitation completion procedures did not significantly improve the short term gas productivity of the 10-3 well. The authors have concluded from this and other projects that the success of open-hole cavitation completion technique is due to improved connectivity between the well and the existing natural fracture system of the coal reservoir. At this location, both the 10-1 and 10-3 wells were in effective communication with the natural fracture system of an upper gas producing interval. As a result, the cavitation of the 10-3 well did not improve the connectivity and the resulting short term gas productivity.
Online Stabilization of DC Power Distribution Systems Applying MIMO-Identification Method and Resonance-Enhanced Voltage Controller (2019)

In this work a stabilization control scheme is proposed for DC power distribution systems that can adapt to frequent variations in the operating conditions of the system. The proposed control scheme takes advantage of a novel rapid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) impedance measurement method that allows all the system impedances to be measured simultaneously. This is unlike the conventional methods where the impedances must be measured one at a time and hence several lengthy measurement cycles are needed. To stabilize the system, an adaptive resonance-enhanced voltage controller is implemented in a source converter that gets updated in real-time based on the most recent variations in the system. The proposed control scheme is validated through experimental results.
Interactions Between AAV-2 and HSV-1: Implications for Hybrid Vector Design (2011)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‑1) -based amplicon vectors have a transgene capacity of up to 150 kbp and can efficiently transduce many different cell types in culture and in vivo without causing cytopathic effects. However, these vectors do not support long-term transgene expression. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV‑2)has the capacity to integrate its genome into a specific site on human chromosome 19, but AAV‑2-derived gene therapy vectors have a transgene capacity of only 4.5 kb. To combine the large transgene capacity of HSV‑1 with the potential for site-specific genomic integration and long-term transgene expression of AAV‑2, HSV/AAV hybrid vectors have been developed. This review describes the design, applications and limitations of these hybrid vectors. However, as HSV‑1 is a full helper virus for AAV‑2 replication, the main focus is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between the two viruses. The knowledge of these interactions will have direct implications on the design of novel HSV/AAV hybrid vectors.
Alkali halide microstructured optical fiber for X-ray detection (2015)

Microstructured optical fibers containing alkali halide scintillation materials of CsI(Na), CsI(Tl), and NaI(Tl) are presented. The scintillation materials are grown inside the microstructured fibers using a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. The x-ray photon counts of these fibers, with and without an aluminum film coating are compared to the output of a collimated CdTe solid state detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. The photon count results show significant variations in the fiber output based on the materials. The alkali halide fiber output can exceed that of the CdTe detector, dependent upon photon counter efficiency and fiber configuration. The results and associated materials difference are discussed.
Wilms tumor 1 gene, CD97, and the emerging biogenetic profile of glioblastoma (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and current treatment regimens are only marginally effective. One of the most vexing and malignant aspects of GBM is its pervasive infiltration into surrounding brain tissue. This review describes the role of the Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) and its relationship to GBM. WT1 has several alternative splicing products, one of which, the KTS(+) variant, has been demonstrated to be involved in the transcriptional activation of a variety of oncogenes as well as the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes. Further, this paper will examine the relationship of WT1 with CD97, a gene that codes for an epidermal growth factor receptor family member, an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, thought to promote tumor invasiveness and migration. The authors suggest that further research into WT1 and CD97 will allow clinicians to begin to deal more effectively with the infiltrative behavior displayed by GBM and design new therapies that target this deadly disease.
P4‐053: CORRELATIONS OF AMYLOID‐β LEVELS BETWEEN CSF AND PLASMA IN ACUTE AD MOUSE MODEL (2014)

Current diagnosis of definite AD requires histopathological evidences obtained from a biopsy or autopsy according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. As AD is associated with development of amyloid-β (Aβ) abnormality in brain and CSF, Aβ quantification via nuclear brain imaging and CSF analyses have been suggested as diagnostic systems for patients. Although these methods are innovative and wide used, unmet needs for early and less invasive diagnostic tools of AD have spurred studies on blood-based Aβ measurement as an alternative. However, it is still debatable on the correlation between Aβ levels in blood and AD progress. Thus, we aimed to investigate alternations of Aβ levels in CSF and plasmaof Aβ-infused AD mouse model in a dose dependent manner. To examine the correlation of Aβ levels between CSF and plasma, we performed ICV injection of synthetic Aβ to ICR mouse (5 heads per dose). Injected dosages were 0 (vehicle), 50, 100, 400, 800 and 2000 μM. We collected CSF and blood from cisterna magna and vena cava and meacured Aβ concentration of CSF and plasma by sandwich-ELISA. We found that Aβ levels in both CSF (A) and plasma (B) increased in a dose-dependent manner, depending on the amount of Aβ injected into ICV.
Neurobiologic changes in the hypothalamus associated with weight loss after gastric bypass (2004)

Obese rats that undergo weight loss after RYGB demonstrate changes in hypothalamic down regulation of NPY and up regulation of alpha-MSH and serotonin.
Efficient storage of high throughput DNA sequencing data using reference-based compression (2011)

Data storage costs have become an appreciable proportion of total cost in the creation and analysis of DNA sequence data. Of particular concern is that the rate of increase in DNA sequencing is significantly outstripping the rate of increase in disk storage capacity. In this paper we present a new reference-based compression method that efficiently compresses DNA sequences for storage. Our approach works for resequencing experiments that target well-studied genomes. We align new sequences to a reference genome and then encode the differences between the new sequence and the reference genome for storage. Our compression method is most efficient when we allow controlled loss of data in the saving of quality information and unaligned sequences. With this new compression method we observe exponential efficiency gains as read lengths increase, and the magnitude of this efficiency gain can be controlled by changing the amount of quality information stored. Our compression method is tunable: The storage of quality scores and unaligned sequences may be adjusted for different experiments to conserve information or to minimize storage costs, and provides one opportunity to address the threat that increasing DNA sequence volumes will overcome our ability to store the sequences.