gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATP is released from rabbit urinary bladder epithelial cells by hydrostatic pressure changes–possible sensory mechanism? (1997)

1. The responses of rabbit urinary bladder to hydrostatic pressure changes and to electrical stimulation have been investigated using both the Ussing chamber and a superfusion apparatus. These experiments enabled us to monitor changes in both ionic transport across the tissue and cellular ATP release from it. 2. The urinary bladder of the rabbit maintains an electrical potential difference across its wall as a result largely of active sodium transport from the urinary (mucosal) to the serosal surface. 3. Small hydrostatic pressure differences produced by removal of bathing fluid from one side of the tissue caused reproducible changes in both potential difference and short-circuit current. The magnitude of these changes increases as the volume of fluid removed increases. 3. Amiloride on the mucosal (urinary), but not the serosal, surface of the membrane reduces the transepithelial potential difference and short-circuit current with an IC50 of 300 nM. Amiloride reduces the size of, but does not abolish, transepithelial potential changes caused by alterations in hydrostatic pressure. 4. Field electrical stimulation of strips of bladder tissue produces a reproducible release of ATP. Such release was demonstrated to occur largely from urothelial cells and is apparently non-vesicular as it increases in the absence of calcium and is not abolished by tetrodotoxin. 5. It is proposed that ATP is released from the urothelium as a sensory mediator for the degree of distension of the rabbit urinary bladder and other sensory modalities.
The Hough Transform's Implicit Bayesian Foundation (2007)

This paper shows that the basic Hough transform is implicitly a Bayesian process-that it computes an unnormalized posterior distribution over the parameters of a single shape given feature points. The proof motivates a purely Bayesian approach to the problem of finding parameterized shapes in digital images. A proof-of-concept implementation that finds multiple shapes of four parameters is presented. Extensions to the basic model that are made more obvious by the presented reformulation are discussed.
BrainWave (2020)

This paper presents the design and evaluation of an energy-efficient seizure detection system for emerging EEG-based monitoring applications, such as non-convulsive epileptic seizure detection and Freezing-of-Gait (FoG) detection. As part of the BrainWave system, a BrainWave processor for flexible and energy-efficient signal processing is designed. The key system design parameters, including algorithmic optimizations, feature offloading and near-threshold computing are evaluated in this work. The BrainWave processor is evaluated while executing a complex EEG-based epileptic seizure detection algorithm. In a 28-nm FDSOI technology, 325 μJ per classification at 0.9 V and 290 μJ at 0.5 V are achieved using an optimized software-only implementation. By leveraging a Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array (CGRA), 160 μJ and 135 μJ are obtained, respectively, while maintaining a high level of flexibility. Near-threshold computing combined with CGRA acceleration leads to an energy reduction of up to 59%, or 55% including idle-time overhead.
Open-loop shape control for continuous microelectromechanical system deformable mirror (2010)

We characterize the errors associated with open-loop control of a microelectromechanical system deformable mirror (DM) using an approach that combines sparse calibration of the electrostatic actuator state space with an elastic plate model of the mirror facesheet. We quantify sources of measurement error and modeling error and demonstrate that the DM can be shaped in a single step to a tolerance of &#x223C;8nm of that achievable with iterative feedback-based closed-loop control. Zernike polynomials with up to 2.5&#x3BC;m amplitude were made with this approach and yielded a shape error of &lt;25nm rms in most cases. Residual errors were shown to be due primarily to spatial resolution limits inherent in the DM (e.g., uncontrollable errors).
Enabling a gesture-based numeric input on mobile phones (2011)

We designed a gesture-based numeric input scheme using a mobile phone equipped with an acceleration sensor. In the suggested scheme, users could key in numbers with a gesture input, instead of a traditional numeric keypad input. The numeric codes are expressed in certain series of gestures with a mobile phone, including tapping, flipping, and shaking. The scheme developed in this study is an activity-recognition-based system by which gestures are categorized through a pre-processing and a probabilistic inference model we developed. The people with visual disabilities who cannot see the screen can take advantage of the proposed scheme to enter numeric codes on most of currently available touch-based smart phones.
Mode softening and high superconducting transition temperature in some A-15 compounds (1977)

Abstract The electronic density of states at the Fermi level, N(E F ), and the geometric mean phonon frequencies, ω g , were determined from heat-capacity data for a number of A-15 superconductors. Although ω g is an appropriate average phonon parameter for evaluating McMillan's expression for λ, we found that the T c values cannot be reliably estimated using ωg. There are, however, strong correlations between λ, N(E F ) and the temperature dependence of ωg, d In ωg/dT. The high-T c , high-N(E F ) materials V3Si and V3Ga show the largest phonon-mode softening on cooling. We propose that, for the higher-N(E F ) materials, particular phonon-modes strongly couple to the electronic system and enhance Tc to a greater extent than average phonon properties would indicate.
A preliminary investigation of the variation of vitamin B12in oceanic and coastal waters (1956)

The presence in the sea of vitamin B 12 , or of its analogues, has been found necessary for the growth of several species of unicellular plants (e.g. Provasoli &amp; Pintner, 1953; Droop, 1954, 1955). Bioassays of the quantities in inshore waters during winter have been made by Lewin (1954) and by Droop (1954). The present investigation, carried out in 1955, was designed to extend this study and compare different seasons of the year.
High Accuracy and Precision Micro Injection Moulding of Thermoplastic Elastomers Micro Ring Production (2016)

The mass-replication nature of the process calls for fast monitoring of process parameters and product geometrical characteristics. In this direction, the present study addresses the possibility to develop a micro manufacturing platform for micro assembly injection moulding with real-time process/product monitoring and metrology. The study represent a new concept yet to be developed with great potential for high precision mass-manufacturing of highly functional 3D multi-material (i.e. including metal/soft polymer) micro components. The activities related to HINMICO project objectives proves the importance of using tool geometries as reference calibrated artefacts to establish effective process technology development and control. The results allow identifying the correct process windows for optimal part quality reducing product dimensional variation in the micrometer dimensional range. The proposed metrological approach enabled to quantify product dimensional variations based on process and tooling capabilities.
Massively Parallel Dynamically Reconfigurable Multi-FPGA Computing System (2015)

High Performance Embedded Computing (HPEC) applications are becoming highly sophisticated as they capture and process real-time data from several sources. In addition, they should adapt their functionalities according to the operational environments. The inherent hardware parallelism that allows Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) execution model, high-speed serial I/O and Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) features make FPGAs a highly attractive solution. The problem with current generation reconfigurable HPEC systems is that, they are usually built to meet the needs of a specific application i.e., Lacks flexibility to upgrade hardware resources or adaptability to different applications. In order to address these challenges, we propose a scalable and modular multi-FPGA computing platform, with a parallel full-duplex customizable communication network, that redefines the computation, communication and reconfiguration paradigms in such applications. Furthermore, in order to adapt to real-time application constraints, we propose a parallel DPR model. It is well-traced on the execution model (SPMD), to reconfigure all or a subset of the computing nodes in parallel during runtime.
Antisolvent Crystallization of Biapenem: Estimation of Growth and Nucleation Kinetics (2013)

A process mathematic model of seed batch desupersaturation experiments and induction time experiments for the investigation of growth and nucleation kinetics of biapenem through an antisolvent procedure in water/ethanol (antisolvent) system was developed in this work. The kinetic parameters for growth and nucleation were estimated by using in situ technology: attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy for solute concentration, focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) for CLD moments, and particle vision and measurement (PVM) for particle image measurement. The challenging aspect for the development of this model was the recovery of crystal size distributions (CSDs) from the chord length distribution (CLD) moments; batch experiments were designed for the estimation of this relationship. The mathematic model in this work was confirmed by a comparison between model predictions and experimental data.
Use of argon laser radiation in restoration of single-crystal state of ion-implantation-amorphized silicon surface (1975)

High-power (up to 500 W) radiation of a cw argon laser was used to restore the single-crystal state of a silicon surface made amorphous by ion implantation. The experiments were carried out in air and the power density of the laser radiation was 100 W/cm2. The duration of illumination did not exceed several seconds. The experiments were carried out on single-crystal silicon plates doped by implantation of arsenic ions at room temperature (ion energy 100 keV, dose 1800 μC/cm2). Surface melting was observed after several seconds under "soft" laser heating conditions. Reflection electron micrographs indicated that laser radiation restored the single-crystal structure of an ion-implanted amorphous layer of silicon even when the illumination was brief (3 sec). Complete recovery was achieved after melting the surface.
Optimization of Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Multicast Traffic in Optical Networks with Limited Splitting Capability Node (2005)

In this paper, a new Mixed Integer Linear Programming algorithm is proposed to resolve the light-tree routing and wavelength assignment with wavelength continuity constraints. The node in our system is limited branching and power-efficient multicast capable OXC. Numerical results are given and discussed to show the efficiency of our algorithm.
A surface-based approach to identifying discourse markers and elementary textual units in unrestricted texts (1998)

I present a surface-based algorithm that employs knowledge of cue phrase usages in order to determine automatically clause boundaries and discourse markers in unrestricted natural language texts. The knowledge was derived from a comprehensive corpus analysis.
Public Governance and Leadership: Outline of the Subject (2007)

The following collection of contributions deals with strategic aspects of both design and implementation of large scale modernisations of the management of state and administration. To set the stage for all the further discussions, this introduction aims to outline in terms of a research programme how strategic aspects of that kind have be/ or can be made the subject of analysis from a rather pragmatic perspective. In line with the currently most pressing challenges, this introduction is used to demonstrate how notably ongoing ‘governance changes’ are to be/ or should be made drivers or starting points to give the whole process of modernising the management of state and administration the nowdesired more strategic shape.
Generation of fourth-harmonic microwave signals using Mach-Zehnder modulators (2002)

We have developed a system to optically generate four limes the fundamental frequency of a microwave signal while minimizing filter requirements at the output of the receiver. By directly modulating the laser diode, the system implementation for transmission of data as well as the microwave signal has been simplified compared with previous approaches.
Protein secretion in the rat ventral prostate and the relation of Golgi vesicles, cisternae and vacuoles, as studied by electron microscope radioautography (1974)

Abstract Proteins, including enzymes such as acid phosphatase, are among a variety of substances secreted into semen by the prostate gland. The formation, intracellular transport, and discharge of protein components of prostatic secretion were studied in the rat ventral prostate following an injection of leucine‐ 3 H. Samples were prepared for light and electron microscope radioautography at intervals ranging from four minutes to two hours after the injection. In samples prepared four or ten minutes after administration of the precursor, most of the silver grains overlay the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Beginning 30 minutes after the injection, while label associated with the endoplasmic reticulum was declining, the proportion of grains over the Golgi apparatus began to increase, reaching a maximum in one‐hour samples. Secretory vacuoles at the apical ends of the cells became heavily labeled two hours after administration of the leucine‐ 3 H. Labeling of secretions in the lumen of the prostatic alveoli was observed in samples taken two hours after the injection. These results indicate that secretory proteins in the prostate are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, transported to the Golgi apparatus, and packaged into secretory vacuoles, which move to the apical ends of the cells and release their contents to the lumen. Additional analysis of the pattern of labeling of different elements of the Golgi apparatus suggests that some protein is transported sequentially from Golgi vesicles to stacks of cisternae and finally into Golgi vacuoles. Radioactive secretory proteins move through prostatic cells more slowly than through the seminal vesicle epithelium of the same animals. The main mode of protein secretion in the prostate appears to be a merocrine type, since apical protrusions such as have been suggested to participate in an apocrine form of secretion were observed infrequently and did not become heavily labeled.
Inhibition of Candida albicans Growth by Calprotectin in the Absence of Direct Contact with the Organisms (1996)

Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein that is present in neutrophil cytoplasm and abscess fluid supernatants. This protein appears to inhibit microbial growth through competition for zinc; however, experiments to show that calprotectin can inhibit growth of microorganisms across filter membranes have yielded conflicting results to date. To prevent recontamination of the filtrate by zinc in this type of experiment, Candida albicans was cultured on filter membranes placed on top of an agarose gel containing calprotectin. In these studies, calprotectin in the gels underneath did suppress growth on top of the filters, an effect reversible by 30 βM ZnS04' In other experiments, the protein did not adhere to the organisms and later suppress their growth. These results indicate that calprotectin inhibits C. albicans growth in the absence of direct contact with the organisms; the findings support a zinc-deprivation mechanism of antimicrobial activity for this protein.
Singing Icebergs (2005)

Sustained harmonic tremor signals were recorded by the seismographs of the German Neumayer Base seismological network in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. These tremor episodes, lasting up to 16 hours, were recorded up to 820 kilometers from the source. Their spectra show narrow peaks with fundamental frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 6 hertz, more than 30 integer harmonic overtones, and frequency gliding, resembling volcanic tremor. Frequency-wave number analysis suggested a moving source, which was recognized as iceberg B-09A traveling along the coast of eastern Antarctica. The most probable tremor sources are fluid-flow-induced vibrations inside the iceberg's tunnel/crevasse systems.
Comparing performance on the MNREAD iPad application with the MNREAD acuity chart (2018)

Our purpose was to compare reading performance measured with the MNREAD Acuity Chart and an iPad application (app) version of the same test for both normally sighted and low-vision participants. Our methods included 165 participants with normal vision and 43 participants with low vision tested on the standard printed MNREAD and on the iPad app version of the test. Maximum Reading Speed, Critical Print Size, Reading Acuity, and Reading Accessibility Index were compared using linear mixed-effects models to identify any potential differences in test performance between the printed chart and the iPad app. Our results showed the following: For normal vision, chart and iPad yield similar estimates of Critical Print Size and Reading Acuity. The iPad provides significantly slower estimates of Maximum Reading Speed than the chart, with a greater difference for faster readers. The difference was on average 3% at 100 words per minute (wpm), 6% at 150 wpm, 9% at 200 wpm, and 12% at 250 wpm. For low vision, Maximum Reading Speed, Reading Accessibility Index, and Critical Print Size are equivalent on the iPad and chart. Only the Reading Acuity is significantly smaller (I. E., better) when measured on the digital version of the test, but by only 0.03 logMAR (p = 0.013). Our conclusions were that, overall, MNREAD parameters measured with the printed chart and the iPad app are very similar. The difference found in Maximum Reading Speed for the normally sighted participants can be explained by differences in the method for timing the reading trials.
Microsatellite Instability and Loss of Heterozygosity at Chromosomal Location 18q: Prospective Evaluation of Biomarkers for Stages II and III Colon Cancer—A Study of CALGB 9581 and 89803 (2011)

We conclude that MMR-D tumor status, but not the presence of 18qLOH, has prognostic value for stages II and III colon cancer.
Quantifying sidescan sonar positioning accuracy, with special reference to measurement in the intertidal zone (2022)

Accuracy testing has been described vis-à-vis shallow-water hydrographic surveying by phase-measuring sidescan sonar [M. Borrelli et al., Estuaries and Coasts, 2021; doi 10.1007/s12237-021-00979-2]. This is rigorous but sufficiently complicated, hence time-consuming, to justify use of a simplified protocol in the case of short-duration sonar surveys of diverse kinds in or proximate to shallow water. This is done by a particular combination of position measurements on bottom targets in the intertidal zone. Reference measurements are made by RTK-GPS on selected parts of targets at low tide, when the intertidal zone is dry. Sonar measurements are made on the same targets at or near the following high tide, when the intertidal zone is flooded. Repetition of the RTK-GPS measurements at the next low tide can confirm the consistency of the reference measurements, to exclude, among other errors, those due to possible movement of targets due to tidal or surface-wave effects. An example is presented based on multiple targets. The agreement of sidescan sonar measurements, made at about 550 kHz, of target position in the horizontal plane with RTK-GPS measurements of the same is quantified by a mean offset of order 50-200 mm. This may be compared with the intrinsic RTK-GPS uncertainty in positioning, which is of order 20-30 mm. The context for this is a maximum single-side echo registration range of 20 m and a survey area of 1 hectare. These dimensions reflect the primary purpose of the measurements, for a survey, from which the present study was derived. Thus, the dimensions have not been optimized. While the present work presumes proximity of an intertidal zone, the simplified protocol also applies to the case of deeper water when the horizontal position of one or more recognizable bottom objects is known by suitable surveying.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of vertebrate Hox cluster duplications (1997)

In vertebrates and the cephalochordate, amphioxus, the closest vertebrate relative, Hox genes are linked in a single cluster. Accompanying the emergence of higher vertebrates, the Hox gene cluster duplicated in either a single step or multiple steps, resulting in the four-cluster state present in teleosts and tetrapods. Mammalian Hox clusters (designated A, B, C, and D) extend over 100 kb and are located on four different chromosomes. Reconstructing the history of the duplications and its relation to vertebrate evolution has been problematic due to the lack of alignable sequence information. In this study, the problem was approached by conducting a statistical analysis of sequences from the fibrillar-type collagens (I, II, III, and IV), genes closely linked to each Hox cluster which likely share the same duplication history as the Hox genes. We find statistical support for the hypothesis that the cluster duplication occurred as multiple distinct events and that the four-cluster situation arose by a three-step sequential process.
Stereospecific addition of aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides to 3-methylcyclohexene: the X-ray crystal structure of p-anisyl(trans-2-chloro-trans-3-mnethyl-1-cyclohexyl)tellurium(IV) dichloride (1994)

Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides react with 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene to give aryl(trans-2-chloro-trans-3-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides. The X-ray crystal structure of p-anisyl(trans-2-chloro-trans-3-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)tellurium(IV) dichloride is reported. Single crystals of p-MeOC 6 H 4 (trans-2-Cl-trans-3-MeC 6 H 9 )TeCl 2 are triclinic, space group [Formula: see text] (No. 2) with a = 10.419(2) Å, b = 10.906(3) Å, c = 8.285(3) Å, α = 92.40(3)°, β = 95.85(2)°, γ = 61.71(3)°, V = 824.6 Å 3 , D(calcd) = 1.761 g cm −1 for Z = 2. The structure was refined to R = 0.0444 (R w = 0.0458).
The Cognitive Revolution? (1993)

L'A. montre en quoi la science cognitive est une revolution pour la pensee et la recherche. Explorant un de ses domaines d'etude, l'informatique, il montre l'etendue des possibilites de l'intelligence artificielle et des creations de realite virtuelle
Transmit and receive transmission line arrays for 7 Tesla parallel imaging (2005)

Transceive array coils, capable of RF transmission and independent signal reception, were developed for parallel, 1H imaging applications in the human head at 7 T (300 MHz). The coils combine the advantages of high-frequency properties of transmission lines with classic MR coil design. Because of the short wavelength at the 1H frequency at 300 MHz, these coils were straightforward to build and decouple. The sensitivity profiles of individual coils were highly asymmetric, as expected at this high frequency; however, the summed images from all coils were relatively uniform over the whole brain. Data were obtained with four- and eight-channel transceive arrays built using a loop configuration and compared to arrays built from straight stripline transmission lines. With both the four- and the eight-channel arrays, parallel imaging with sensitivity encoding with high reduction numbers was feasible at 7 T in the human head. A one-dimensional reduction factor of 4 was robustly achieved with an average g value of 1.25 with the eight-channel transmit/receive coils.