gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA high-resolution typing by next-generation sequencing in Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy (2019)

The incidence of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) increased in Sweden following the 2009-2010 mass-vaccination with the influenza Pandemrix-vaccine. NT1 has been associated with Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02 but full high-resolution HLA-typing of all loci in vaccine-induced NT1 remains to be done. Therefore, here we performed HLA typing by sequencing HLA-DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1 in 31 vaccine-associated NT1 patients and 66 of their first-degree relatives (FDR), and compared these data to 636 Swedish general population controls (GP). Previously reported disease-related alleles in the HLA-DRB5*01:01:01-DRB1*15:01:01-DQA1*01:02:01-DQB1*06:02:01 extended haplotype were increased in NT1 patients (34/62 haplotypes, 54.8%) compared to GP (194/1272 haplotypes, 15.3%, p = 6.17E-16). Indeed, this extended haplotype was found in 30/31 patients (96.8%) and 178/636 GP (28.0%). In total, 15 alleles, four extended haplotypes, and six genotypes were found to be increased or decreased in frequency among NT1 patients compared to GP. Among subjects with the HLA-DRB5*01:01:01-DRB1*15:01:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 haplotype, a second DRB4*01:03:01-DRB1*04:01:01-DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01-DQB1*03:01:01 haplotype (p = 2.02E-2), but not homozygosity for DRB1*15:01:01-DQB1*06:02:01 (p = 7.49E-1) conferred association to NT1. Alleles with increased frequency in DQA1*01:02:01 (p = 1.07E-2) and DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01 (p = 3.26E-2), as well as with decreased frequency in DRB3*01:01:02 (p = 8.09E-3), DRB1*03:01:01 (p = 1.40E-2), and DQB1*02:01:01 (p = 1.40E-2) were found among patients compared to their FDR. High-resolution HLA sequencing in Pandemrix-associated NT1 confirmed the strong association with the DQB1*06:02:01-containing haplotype but also revealed an increased association to the not previously reported extended HLA-DRB4*01:03:01-DRB1*04:01:01-DQA1*03:02//*03:03:01-DQB1*03:01:01 haplotype. High-resolution HLA typing should prove useful in dissecting the immunological mechanisms of vaccination-associated NT1.
Magnetoelectric quasi-(0-3) nanocomposite heterostructures (2015)

Magnetoelectric composite thin films hold substantial promise for applications in novel multifunctional devices. However, there are presently shortcomings for both the extensively studied bilayer epitaxial (2-2) and vertically architectured nanocomposite (1-3) film systems, restricting their applications. Here we design a novel growth strategy to fabricate an architectured nanocomposite heterostructure with magnetic quasiparticles (0) embedded in a ferroelectric film matrix (3) by alternately growing (2-2) and (1-3) layers within the film. The new heteroepitaxial films not only overcome the clamping effect from substrate, but also significantly suppress the leakage current paths through the ferromagnetic phase. We demonstrate, by focusing on switching characteristics of the piezoresponse, that the heterostructure shows magnetic field dependence of piezoelectricity due to the improved coupling enabled by good connectivity amongst the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. This new architectured magnetoelectric heterostructures may open a new avenue for applications of magnetoelectric films in micro-devices.
Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals in polymeric networks (1997)

ZnS:Cu nanocrystals were synthesized in polymeric networks. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and atomic absorption data show that the Zn and Cu ion mass contents were about 8.2% and 0.12%, respectively. The particle size of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals was about 3.0 nm, measured by UV-vis spectrum. Due to the quantum size effects, the band gap energy of ZnS nanocrystals was about 4.2 eV. Compared with the photoluminescence of ZnS which peaks at 390 nm, the photoemission of ZnS:Cu/polymer thin films was peaking at 415 nm because of Cu acting as luminescent centers. The ZnS:Cu/polymer was also used to fabricate light-emitting diode (LED), as the emitting layer of LED, the blue light of electroluminescence was observed at room temperature, and its turn-on voltage was less than 4 V.
Intermittently operating RF frontend with 5ns startup time for 10Gbps proximity wireless communication (2015)

This paper presents intermittently operating RF frontend for proximity wireless communication with wireless power supply. To realize power scalability of the RF frontend, intermittent operation is performed by switching the bias of the amplifier. Quick startup circuit is proposed to accelerate the charging time to a decoupling capacitor. The fabricated test chip in 65nm CMOS occupies 0.075mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The 3dB bandwidth of amplifier ranges from 1.8GHz to 7.2GHz and current consumption is 8mA. The startup time of the circuit is 5ns.
Current capabilities of “HPTAM” for modeling high-temperature heat pipes’ startup from a frozen state (2002)

The Heat Pipe Transient Analysis Model “HPTAM” has been developed at the University of New Mexico’s Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies for simulating the transient and steady state operation as well as the startup of alkali-metal and low-temperature heat pipes from a frozen state. This model has been subject to continuous upgrade and verification since the early nineties using experimental data for water, sodium, and lithium heat pipes. Some of the current capabilities of HPTAM include tracking: (a) the progression of the 2-D thaw front in the wick and the transition fronts separating the successive flow regimes (free-molecular, transition, and continuum) in the vapor core; (b) the liquid circulation in the wick and in the annular space that may be incorporated by design between the wick and the heat pipe wall; (c) the formation of the wet point at the wick-vapor interface and its progression toward the condenser; (d) the excess liquid volume resulting from the decrease in density of the working fluid upon thaw and heating up to the operating temperature, and its accumulation at the end of the condenser section; (e) the change in the local radius of curvature of the liquid meniscus in the surface pores of the wick and incipient dryout; (f) the sublimation of the frozen working fluid in the evaporator and resolidification in the adiabatic and condenser sections early during the startup from a frozen state; and (g) the changes in the local vapor velocity and the liquid velocity and temperature distributions. The simulation capabilities of HPTAM are reviewed and examples of the code verification results using experimental data for the startup of sodium and lithium heat pipes from a frozen state are presented and discussed. HPTAM employs a very stable and efficient numerical technique and may run at twice the real time on a 700-MHz PC.
A continuously calibrated 12-b, 10-MS/s, 3.3-V A/D converter (1998)

The continuous calibration of high-linearity, highspeed analog/digital converters (ADCs) can minimize system complexity by allowing a single converter to maintain its accuracy over time. This paper introduces a continuous calibration technique for pipelined and successive approximation ADCs that avoids some of the limitations of earlier designs by performing the calibration in the analog domain. The calibration is made transparent to the overall system by employing an extra stage that is calibrated outside of the main converter's operation and periodically substituted for a stage within the main converter. A 12-b, pipelined ADC employing this architecture has been integrated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m, single-poly, quadruple-metal, 3.3-V CMOS technology. The measured dynamic performance indicates that at a 10-MHz sampling rate, the circuit achieves a peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 67 dB and a total harmonic distortion of -77 dR for a 4.8-MHz input. The total power dissipated by the prototype is 335 mW, and its active area is 3.71/spl times/3.91 mm/sup 2/.
Design and Diagnosis of Deviated Rod-Pumped Wells (1991)

Abstract Commonly used methods for design of rod pumping installations presume vertical wells. This paper introduces a wave equation methodology which applies to wells that are deviated, either intentionally or unintentionally. Restrictions on surface locations and interest in horizontal drilling are increasing the number of deviated wells needing to be designed. Together with long standing crooked hole problems, these are promising subjects for further study. This paper describes a predictive method that applies to 3 dimensional problems. A study is made of a well deemed too crooked to pump and a procedure is presented for designing intentionally deviated wells. The relative friction effects of rod guides are discussed and the effect of borehole path on power consumption is treated. The concept of dogleg severity is examined and deemed inadequate as a measure of difficulty in pumping deviated wells. The type of errors that result when vertical hole diagnostic methods are applied to deviated holes is discussed. Finally a new formulation of the radius of curvature concept is derived together with techniques for deducing rod-tubing friction from dynamometer valve checks. Comparisons with actual measurements are included to demonstrate the validity of the methods. It is concluded that deviated wells can be adequately designed with wave equation methods. Also it is seen that highly deviated wells can be produced with rod pumping equipment when care is taken to control the path of the borehole. This paper should be considered as a progress report since much remains to be learned about application of the technology.
Bilateral arm training: Why and who benefits? (2008)

Bilateral arm training has emerged as an approach that leads to positive outcomes in addressing upper extremity paresis after stroke. However, studies have not demonstrated improvements in all patients using current outcome measures. Furthermore, the rationale for using this type of training has been incompletely explained. The purpose of this article was to first review the theoretical justifications for the use of bilateral arm training by examining motor control and neural mechanisms underlying arm function and neural recovery, and second, to discuss examples of clinical studies using a variety of bilateral training strategies to identify who may benefit most from this approach. We argue that bilateral arm training is a necessary adjunct to unilateral training because bilateral re-training is important and best served through bilateral not unilateral training, and also, that bilateral training may help unilateral skill recovery through alternative putative mechanisms. Our review of the empirical evidence suggests that individuals at all levels of severity can benefit in some manner from bilateral training, but that not all approaches are effective for all severity levels. In addition to requesting more randomized controlled trials and studies of neurophysiological mechanisms we conclude the following: 1) Bilateral training can improve unilateral paretic limb functions of the upper extremity after stroke, however, specific training approaches need to be matched to baseline characteristics of the patients; 2) Given the importance of bilateral activities in daily life, there is a need to recognize, train and assess the important contribution of supportive role functions of the paretic arm used on its own and as part of complementary bilateral functional skills; 3) An assessment of bilateral and unilateral functioning which includes bilateral task analysis, as well as, evaluations of interlimb coordination should be included in all studies that include bilateral training; 4) Studies with thoughtful sequencing or combining of bilateral approaches or sequencing of bilateral and unilateral approaches are needed to assess if there are improved outcomes in paretic and bilateral limb function.
Using linear programming for Bayesian exploration in Markov decision processes (2007)

A key problem in reinforcement learning is finding a good balance between the need to explore the environment and the need to gain rewards by exploiting existing knowledge. Much research has been devoted to this topic, and many of the proposed methods are aimed simply at ensuring that enough samples are gathered to estimate well the value function. In contrast, [Bellman and Kalaba, 1959] proposed constructing a representation in which the states of the original system are paired with knowledge about the current model. Hence, knowledge about the possible Markov models of the environment is represented and maintained explicitly. Unfortunately, this approach is intractable except for bandit problems (where it gives rise to Gittins indices, an optimal exploration method). In this paper, we explore ideas for making this method computationally tractable. We maintain a model of the environment as a Markov Decision Process. We sample finite-length trajectories from the infinite tree using ideas based on sparse sampling. Finding the values of the nodes of this sparse subtree can then be expressed as an optimization problem, which we solve using Linear Programming. We illustrate this approach on a few domains and compare it with other exploration algorithms.
Achieving MIMO channel capacity using multirate layered space-time coding architectures (2005)

We propose a multirate diagonal space-time interleaved (DSTI) coded modulation system with a low complexity linear successive decoding and interference cancellation receiver for quasi-static Rayleigh fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. In comparison with the traditional BLAST architecture, the proposed multirate DSTI system has more practical virtues while achieving near capacity performance for sufficiently large multiple antennas. The key findings of this paper are: (i) the derivation of the probability density functions of per-layer mutual informations, which can be used to estimate per-layer rates, and (ii) the design of multirate DSTI system using punctured turbo codes. Simulation results show significant gains in packet error-rate (PER) performances.
Stable isotope shifted matrices enable the use of low mass ion precursor scanning for targeted metabolite identification (2011)

We describe a method to identify metabolites of proteins that eliminates endogenous background by using stable isotope labeled matrices. This technique allows selective screening of the intact therapeutic molecule and all metabolites using a modified precursor ion scan that monitors low molecular weight fragment ions produced during MS/MS. This distinct set of low mass ions differs between isotopically labeled and natural isotope containing species allowing excellent discrimination between endogenous compounds and target analytes. All compounds containing amino acids that consist of naturally abundant isotopes can be selected using this scanning technique for further analysis, including metabolites of the parent molecule. The sensitivity and selectivity of this technique is discussed with specific examples of insulin metabolites identified within a complex matrix using a range of different validated low mass target ions.
Eficacia de la China officinalis a la 30 CH en el tratamiento de la Disentería porcina en preceba (2007)

"Se realizó un ensayo clínico fase II, abierto, no secuencial y aleatorizado en 150 cerdos pertenecientes a la categoría de crías, que padecían del síndrome diarreico en la Granja Estatal Charles Morell en la provincia de Camaguey, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la China officinalis y el Mercurius solubilis a la 30 CH versus terapia convencional en el tratamiento de la Colibacilosis en crías porcinas, con vistas a reducir el uso de antimicrobianos. La muestra sedistribuyó en tres grupos: (1) recibieron el tratamiento con China officinalis a la 30 CH, cinco gotas sublinguales, cada 12 horas el primer día y cada 24 los restantes durante siete días; (2) tratado con Mercurius solubilis a la 30 CH, cinco gotas sublinguales en igual período de tiempo y el grupo 3 (Eritromicina) aplicándose 0.5 ml/kg de peso cada 12 horas durante siete días por vía intramuscular. Los resultados estadísticos prueban la efectividad de estos esquemas de tratamientos, existiendo diferencia significativa en cuanto a la proporción de cerdos recuperados (P&lt; 0,05). Quedó demostrado que las técnicas homeopáticas ensayadas resultaron más efectivas y económicas que la convencional permitiéndonos reducir el uso de la Eritromicina utilizada para combatir la Colibacilosis en el cerdo."
Kinetic separation by pressure swing adsorption: Method of characteristics model (1990)

Abstract A theoretical model using the method of characteristics is presented for a Skarstrom‐type pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle using carbon molecular sieve for the kinetic separation of nitrogen/methane mixtures. Good agreement with experimental results was obtained. The solution of the reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations along characteristics, a variable computational grid from the changing bed velocity, and a constant product flow boundary condition are complications that prohibited using the method of characteristics in favor of finite difference or orthogonal collocation methods. These complications have been overcome in the present study to develop a theoretical model, incorporating nonlinear isotherms and a linear driving force rate for diffusion, which requires less computer time and is particularly amenable for studying transient bed dynamics. The effects of feed pressure and concentration, half‐cycle time, and product flow rate on kinetic PSA performance are also illustrated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Enolate O‐Arylation and Thio‐Enolate S‐Arylation: Synthesis of Benzo[b]furans and Benzo[b]thiophenes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
INVERSE EQUIVALENT SURFACE CURRENT METHOD WITH HIERARCHICAL HIGHER ORDER BASIS FUNCTIONS, FULL PROBE CORRECTION AND MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE ACCELERATION (2010)

An inverse equivalent surface current method working with equivalent electric and/or magnetic surface current densities on appropriately chosen Huygens surfaces is investigated. The considered model with triangular surface meshes is compatible with the models known from method of moments (MoM) solutions of surface integral equations. Divergence conforming current basis functions of order 0.5 and of order 1.5 are considered, where the order 0.5 functions are the well-known Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions. Known near-fleld samples typically obtained from measurements are mapped on the unknown equivalent surface current densities utilizing the radiation integrals of the currents as forward operator, where the measurement probe in∞uence is formulated in a MoM like weighting integral. The evaluation of the forward operator is accelerated by adaptation of the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) to the inverse formulation, where the MLFMM representation is the key to full probe correction by employing only the far-fleld patterns of the measurement probe antennas. The resulting fully probe corrected algorithm is very ∞exible and e-cient, where it is found that the computation speed is mostly dependent on the MLFMM conflguration of the problem and not that much on the particular equivalent current expansion as long as the expansion is able to represent the currents su-ciently well. Inverse current and far-fleld pattern results are shown for a variety of problems, where near-fleld samples obtained from simulations as well as from realistic measurements are considered.
Nonequivalence of Second Sphere “Noncatalytic” Residues in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase in Relation to Local Dynamics Linked to H-Transfer in Reactions with NADH and NADPH Coenzymes (2018)

Many enzymes that catalyze hydride transfer reactions work via a mechanism dominated by quantum mechanical tunneling. The involvement of fast vibrational modes of the reactive complex is often inferred in these reactions, as in the case of the NAD(P)H-dependent pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR). Herein, we interrogated the H-transfer mechanism in PETNR by designing conservative (L25I and I107L) and side chain shortening (L25A and I107A) PETNR variants and using a combination of experimental approaches (stopped-flow rapid kinetics, X-ray crystallography, isotope/temperature dependence studies of H-transfer and NMR spectroscopy). X-ray data show subtle changes in the local environment of the targeted side chains but no major structural perturbation caused by mutagenesis of these two second sphere active site residues. However, temperature dependence studies of H-transfer revealed a coenzyme-specific and complex thermodynamic equilibrium between different reactive configurations in PETNR-coenzyme complexes. We find that mutagenesis of these second sphere "noncatalytic" residues affects differently the reactivity of PETNR with NADPH and NADH coenzymes. We attribute this to subtle, dynamic structural changes in the PETNR active site, the effects of which impact differently in the nonequivalent reactive geometries of PETNR-NADH and PETNR-NADPH complexes. This inference is confirmed through changes observed in the NMR chemical shift data for PETNR complexes with unreactive 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-NAD(P) analogues. We show that H-transfer rates can (to some extent) be buffered through entropy-enthalpy compensation, but that use of integrated experimental tools reveals hidden complexities that implicate a role for dynamics in this relatively simple H-transfer reaction. Similar approaches are likely to be informative in other enzymes to understand the relative importance of (distal) hydrophobic side chains and dynamics in controlling the rates of enzymatic H-transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Addition of H2 to the A‐Frame Complex (Ir2(CO)2(μ‐S)(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2): A Reinvestigation. (1989)

Abstract A reinvestigation of the reaction of the title compound (I) with H 2 using improved spectroscopic techniques is reported.
Feasibility of Artificial Neural Network for Maximum Power Point Estimation of Non Crystalline-Si Photovoltaic Modules (2009)

Solar cell markets are growing favorably. The emerging non crystalline silicon (c-Si) technologies are starting to make significant in-roads into solar cell markets. The most of the artificial neural network (ANN) have been used in maximum power points tracking applications for c-Si solar cell technology. However, the characteristics of different solar cell technologies at maximum power point (MPP) have different trends in current-voltage characteristic. In this reason, the investigation of feasibility using neural networks is very important for different solar cell technologies to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The paper investigates three different ANN structures, such as radial basis function (RBF), adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and three layered feed-forward neural network (TFFN) for identification the optimum operating voltage of non c-Si PV modules. These ANN models have been trained and verified for double junction amorphous Si (2j a-Si), triple junction amorphous Si (3j a-Si), Cadmium Indium Diselenide (CIS) and thin film Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) solar cell technologies. The results show that the flexibility of training process, the simplicity of network structure and the accuracy of validation error are important factors to select a suitable ANN model.