gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Import of simian virus 40 virions through nuclear pore complexes. (1991)

How the DNA tumor virus, simian virus 40, reaches the nucleus is unknown. In this report we have tested the affinity of simian virus 40 toward the nucleus by microinjecting virion particles into the cytoplasm under conditions in which cell-surface-mediated viral infection was blocked. Subcellular localization of viral structural proteins Vp1, Vp2, and Vp3, large tumor antigen, and virion particles was followed immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. Both virion particles and viral structural proteins localized in the nucleus within 1-2 hr after cytoplasmic injection and subsequently expressed large tumor antigen, which was detected in the nucleus as early as 3 hr after cytoplasmic injection. Vp1 and large tumor antigen nuclear accumulation, as well as virion nuclear entry, were blocked by wheat germ agglutinin and an anti-nucleoporin monoclonal antibody, mAb 414. Virion particles were visualized in the vicinity of nuclear pores and in the cytoplasm with this agent. We conclude that virion particles are karyophilic and enter through nuclear pores. This study suggests that virion structural proteins facilitate virion import into the nucleus and viral gene expression.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT SYSTEMS: THE "BET ON THE BEST" PRINCIPLE ∗ (2006)

Abstract. Over the last three decades, the certainty equivalence principle has been the funda-mental paradigm in the design of adaptive control laws. It is well known, however, that for general control criterions the performance achieved through its use is strictly suboptimal. In order to over-come this difficulty, two different approaches have been proposed: i) the use of cost-biased parameter estimators; and ii) the injection of probing signals into the system so as to enforce consistency in the parameter estimate. This paper presents an overview of the cost-biased approach. New insight is achieved in this paper by the formalization of a general cost-biased principle named “Bet On the Best”-BOB. BOB may work in situations in which more standard implementations of the cost-biasing idea may fail to achieve optimality. Key words: adaptive control; stochastic systems; certainty equivalence principle; long-term average cost; optimality.
Mild and Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation of Ammonia Enabled by the Use of Bulky Biarylphosphine Ligands and Palladacycle Precatalysts (2013)

A method for the Pd-catalyzed arylation of ammonia with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl halides, including challenging five-membered heterocyclic substrates, is described. Excellent selectivity for monoarylation of ammonia to primary arylamines was achieved under mild conditions or at rt by the use of bulky biarylphosphine ligands (&lt;b&gt;L6&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;L7&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;b&gt;L4&lt;/b&gt;) as well as their corresponding aminobiphenyl palladacycle precatalysts (&lt;b&gt;3a&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;3b&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;b&gt;3c&lt;/b&gt;). As this process requires neither the use of a glovebox nor high pressures of ammonia, it should be widely applicable.
Modulation of host cell membrane fluidity: a novel mechanism for preventing bacterial adhesion (1999)

Adhesion of bacterial enteropathogens to host mucosal surfaces is a critical primary step in the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. We investigated the effects of altering the physical properties of eukaryotic cells on bacterial adhesion with the use of a series of three structurally dissimilar membrane fluidizers and several Escherichia coli as test strains. Lipid fluidity of the cell plasma membrane was measured by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy employing the probe 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3, 5-hexatriene. There was a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of bacterial adhesion with increasing membrane fluidity. Time course experiments indicated that increasing membrane fluidity during the early stages of bacterial adhesion was essential for inhibition of attachment. None of the fluidizers affected the viability of either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that changes in plasma membrane physical properties of epithelial cells can prevent microbial adhesion. This also suggests that altering the membrane properties of host cells could form a basis for novel strategies to prevent bacterial adhesion during infection in vivo.
In-vitro activity of LY 146032, a novel cyclic lipopeptide, alone and in combination with gentamicin or tobramycin against enterococci (1987)

The in-vitro activity of LY 146032, a novel cyclic lipopeptide and the effect of the combination of LY 146032 and gentamicin or tobramycin against 25 strains of enterococci isolated from blood cultures were studied. All strains of enterococci were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 mg/l LY 146032. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations were within one dilution. In the time-kill study, there was slow bactericidal activity. Complete killing of 10(7) cfu/ml of enterococci at 48 h by LY 146032 alone occurred with two strains. There was synergism between LY 146032 and gentamicin or tobramycin; complete killing at 24 h and 48 h occurred with many strains. No antagonism was demonstrated.
Radiolabeled anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 (177Lu-J591) for nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): A randomized phase II trial. (2011)

TPS193 Background: Biochemical recurrence without evidence of PC on standard CT/MRI and bone scans after local therapy is common. Salvage radiotherapy affords a cure to select patients (pts) with PSA relapse, but most progress because of micrometastatic PC outside of the radiation field. J591 is a monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of PSMA. A phase II trial of single-dose 177Lu-J591 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in pts with progressive, metastatic (met) CRPC demonstrated excellent targeting of met sites, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity [Tagawa et al, ASCO 2008]. RIT appears to have its greatest impact in the setting of minimal disease [Kaminski, NEJM 2005; Leonard, JCO2005; Press, JCO 2006] and the beta emission of 177Lu is best suited for lesions 1-3 mm in diameter [O’Donoghue, J Nuc Med 1995] (i.e. micrometastatic disease). Methods: In this multicenter DOD-sponsored study, men with high-risk CRPC (PSA doubling time < 8 months and/or PSA > 20 [Smith, JCO 2005]) and no evidence of disease on CT/MRI and bone scans are randomized 2:1 to receive double-blinded 177Lu-J951 vs 111In-J591 (control) and undergo planar gamma camera imaging with SPECT following infusion. All pts receive ketoconazole plus hydrocortisone. The primary endpoint of the study is 18-month met-free survival. 140 pts will be treated to allow 80% power with a 2-sided alpha of 5% to detect a 25% absolute difference (50% vs 75% met-free) in radiographically apparent mets at 18 months (with interim analysis after 50% of pts have at least 12 months follow up). Secondary/exploratory endpoints include evaluation of radiolabeled J591 imaging to detect sites of mets not apparent on standard CT/MRI and bone scan, validation of adrenal androgen levels as biomarkers for ketoconazole [Ryan Clin Cancer Res 2007], analysis of circulating tumor cells captured via CellSearch methodology as well as PSMA-GEDI capture [Gleghorn, Lab Chip 2010] for PSMA expression and counts to predict the appearance of radiographic metastases, and exploration of hemostatic/fibrinolytic/angiogenic plasma biomarkers.
Effects of Dietary Nutrients on DNA Methylation and Imprinting (2012)

DNA methylation is an enzymatic modification carried out by DNA methyltransferases. Alterations in DNA methylation patterns are the best understood epigenetic cause of disease and were first discovered in studies during the 1980s that focused on X chromosome inactivation (Avner and Heard 2001), genomic imprinting (Verona et al. 2006) and cancer (Feinberg and Tycko 2004). DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to cytosines in CpG (cytosine/guanine) pairs (Ehrlich and Wang 1981, Laird and Jaenisch 1994). The added methyl group does not affect the base pairing itself, but the protrusion of methyl groups into the DNA major groove can affect DNA–protein interactions. Methylated CpGs are usually associated with silenced DNA, can block methylation sensitive proteins from binding to the DNA and are subject to high mutation rates. DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained by DNMTs, enzymes that are essential for proper gene expression patterns (Robertson 2002) (Figure 1). DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic
Characterization of frequency stability (1970)

Papers of interest primarily to scientists working in these fields. This section covers a broad range of physical and chemical research, with major emphasis on standards of physical measurement, fundamental constants, and properties of matter.
In vitro responses of ovarian cancers to platinums and taxanes. (2003)

We describe the in vitro patterns of response of explanted primary and recurrent ovarian cancers to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapeutics. The chemoresponse assay utilizes cells that grow out from tumor fragments and are then challenged with varied concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents, coupled with a highly quantitative cell counting analysis system. The in vitro response rates for 268 primary cancer explants were 24% and 54% for carboplatin and cisplatin, respectively, and 31% and 25% for docetaxel and paclitaxel, respectively. Recurrent tumors presented lower rates of responsiveness, as expected. Furthermore, the chemotherapies worked on overlapping but distinct populations, even within the same class of drug, with 14% of the carboplatin-sensitive tumors being cisplatin-resistant and 59% of the cisplatin-sensitive tumors being carboplatin-resistant. These in vitro responses compare favorably to published in vivo clinical response rates. The current study serves to demonstrate how an in vitro predictive assay can be used as a surrogate for clinical therapeutic challenge.
High-level gene expression in Lactobacillus plantarum using a pheromone-regulated bacteriocin promoter (2004)

This study describes a system for controllable gene expression in lactobacilli, giving some of the highest expression levels reported so far in this genus.
A General Law for Predictive Use of Thermoporosimetry as a Tool for the Determination of Textural Properties of Divided Media (2004)

Nanoporous silica gels with well-defined textural properties have been used to calibrate the thermoporosimetry technique with various aromatic solvents including o-, m-, and p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and naphthalene. The calibration has been validated on a test alumina sample, and the results are in good agreement with the one derived from gas sorption. The data obtained for the three xylene isomers indicate a linear variation of Tp, the temperature of crystallization of the solvent inside the pore of size Rp, with T0, the normal crystallization temperature (Tp = aT0 + b). A linear fit of these curves gives a constant value for the slope (a ≈ 1), but the value of the intercept b depends strongly on the size of the pore. These fitting curves describe perfectly the behavior of the other solvents showing that extrapolation within a structure-related family of solvents is possible. The expression b = −196.41/Rp is derived from the data collected for the xylene isomers, and the final expression Tp = 1.02T0 − 196.41/Rp can be used directly to predict the crystallization temperature of any solvent in a pore of size Rp. This general law is derived for benzene-substituted solvents. Nevertheless, this work provides the first evidence of a possible predictive use of thermoporosimetry without fastidious preliminary calibration. The solvents studied in this paper are particularly valuable for swelling of polyolefins.
Selection‐synchronizedChlamydomonas reinhardiidisplay ultradian but not circadian rhythms (1990)

Abstract Extended periods of growth under continuous light (> 10 generations) effectively removed the normally strong circadian controls on the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Selection‐synchronized cultures of such organisms showed the cell cycle time to be 20h and there was no detectable circadian rhythm in chlorophyll a accumulation. However, an ultradian rhythm of period length 55 min in the level of chlorophyll a similar to that previously reported for LD cultures was still observed. These results provide further evidence for the importance of intracellular timing independent of environmental influences.
Extending the Structure–Activity Relationship of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives As Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators: Development of a Highly Potent Partial Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist (2014)

The ligand activated transcription factor nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is involved as a regulator in many metabolic pathways including bile acid and glucose homeostasis. Therefore, pharmacological activation of FXR seems a valuable therapeutic approach for several conditions including metabolic diseases linked to insulin resistance, liver disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and certain forms of cancer. The available FXR agonists, however, activate the receptor to the full extent which might be disadvantageous over a longer time period. Hence, partial FXR activators are required for long-term treatment of metabolic disorders. We here report the SAR of anthranilic acid derivatives as FXR modulators and development, synthesis, and characterization of compound 51, which is a highly potent partial FXR agonist in a reporter gene assay with an EC50 value of 8 ± 3 nM and on mRNA level in liver cells.
Die attach film (DAF) for Breakthrough in Manufacturing (BIM) application (2014)

Die attach film (DAF) is a relatively new generation die attach method in the semiconductor field - widely used for stacked die applications. DAF is also highly recommended for thin die (<; 100um) application to avoid broken wafer and die crack issue. Basic process flow for DAF assembly processing involves die bonding followed by oven curing for 60 minutes at 130°C for strip-to-strip leadless package assembly. Altering DAF application into Breakthrough in Manufacturing (BIM) application with reduced curing time from 60 minutes to 90 seconds will be a challenge with many consequences to look into. DAF is the best solution to sustain BLT and reduce tilted die issues, besides the possible risk from delamination and collet contamination due to insufficient curing. This paper covers the characterization of DAF with snap curing and monitoring of possible implications arise with reduced curing time.
Improved feature detection over large force ranges using history dependent transfer functions (2009)

In this paper we present a history dependent transfer function (HDTF) as a possible approach to enable improved haptic feature detection in high dynamic range (HDR) volume data. The HDTF is a multi-dimensional transfer function that uses the recent force history as a selection criterion to switch between transfer functions, thereby adapting to the explored force range. The HDTF has been evaluated using artificial test data and in a realistic application example, with the HDTF applied to haptic protein-ligand docking. Biochemistry experts performed docking tests, and expressed that the HDTF delivers the expected feedback across a large force magnitude range, conveying both weak attractive and strong repulsive protein-ligand interaction forces. Feature detection tests have been performed with positive results, indicating that the HDTF improves the ability of feature detection in HDR volume data as compared to a static transfer function covering the same range.
FPGA Control System for the Automated Test of Microshutters (2008)

The James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled to replace the Hubble in 2013, must simultaneously observe hundreds of faint galaxies. This requirement has led to the development of a programmable transmission mask which can be adapted to admit light from an arbitrary pattern of galaxies into its spectrograph. This programmable mask will contain a large array of micro-electromechanical (MEMs) devices called MicroShutters. These microscopic shutters physically open and close like the shutter on a camera, except each shutter is microscopic in size and an array 365 by 171 is used to select the objects under spectroscopic observation at a given time, and to block the unwanted background light from other areas. NASA developed and is currently refining the exceptionally difficult process of manufacturing these shutters. This paper describes how the authors used LabVIEW FPGA and a reconfigurable I/O board to control the shutters in a test chamber and how the flexibility of the system allows us to continue to modify the control algorithms as NASA optimizes the performance of the MicroShutter arrays.
Transition Metal Alkane Complexes† (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Alkane Complexes†Chris Hall and Robin N. PerutzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of York YO1 5DD, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 8, 3125–3146Publication Date (Web):December 19, 1996Publication History Received8 April 1996Revised5 September 1996Published online19 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9502615https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9502615research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3832Altmetric-Citations455LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Ions,Metals,Photodissociation,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Understanding Metal-Free Catalytic Hydrogenation: A Systematic Theoretical Study of the Hydrogenation of Ethene (2004)

Metal-free catalytic hydrogenation of ethene has been examined using high-level [G3(MP2)-RAD] ab initio molecular orbital theory. The dependence of the catalytic activity on the nature of the catalyst Z–X–H has been explored. We find that the catalytic activity is generally greater as Z–X–H becomes more acidic, both for first- and second-row atoms X. Molecules in which X is a second-row atom generally lead to more effective catalysis than the corresponding first-row analogues. The proton affinity at X of Z–X–H also contributes significantly to the catalysis in some cases (e.g. amines).
1370: Beneficial Effect of Alfuzosin 10mg Once Daily on Luts and Sexual Function: 18-months Results (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041370: Beneficial Effect of Alfuzosin 10mg Once Daily on Luts and Sexual Function: 18-months Results Jeroen Van Moorselaar, Mark Emberton, Niels Harving, Haim Matzkin, Rudolf Hartung, Antonio Alcaraz, Mostafa Elhilali, and Guy Vallancien Jeroen Van MoorselaarJeroen Van Moorselaar More articles by this author , Mark EmbertonMark Emberton More articles by this author , Niels HarvingNiels Harving More articles by this author , Haim MatzkinHaim Matzkin More articles by this author , Rudolf HartungRudolf Hartung More articles by this author , Antonio AlcarazAntonio Alcaraz More articles by this author , Mostafa ElhilaliMostafa Elhilali More articles by this author , and Guy VallancienGuy Vallancien More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38595-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1370: Beneficial Effect of Alfuzosin 10mg Once Daily on Luts and Sexual Function: 18-months Results." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 361 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 361 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jeroen Van Moorselaar More articles by this author Mark Emberton More articles by this author Niels Harving More articles by this author Haim Matzkin More articles by this author Rudolf Hartung More articles by this author Antonio Alcaraz More articles by this author Mostafa Elhilali More articles by this author Guy Vallancien More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Robust LFM Target Detection in Wideband Sonar Systems (2017)

Linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals have been widely used for target detection in active sonar systems due to their robustness to reverberation. However, LFM active sonar requires a large number of reference signals for detecting targets moving with unknown speeds. To obtain more accurate detection results, more reference signals are required, resulting in an increased computational burden and memory size. To cope up with this problem, we propose a new fast target detection method that is robust to the variation of unknown target speed. A large number of reference signals come into a single reference signal by aligning them with precalculated time-shifts, which is followed by a summation process. Both narrowband and wideband cases are considered. The proposed method secures a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), approaching that of the optimal matched filter output, that is also robust to the variation of target speed and thus it is very useful for the practical use in antitorpedo torpedoes or supercavitating underwater missiles that need to equip low-complexity and robust signal processing systems. Moreover, a rough Doppler estimation is presented using the proposed replica design method. Performance analyses show that the proposed method provides output SNR close to the optimal performance and that the computational load is extremely reduced as compared to the conventional LFM target detection method.
Long-term follow-up of infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes: evidence for hereditary and nonhereditary transmission of diabetes and precursors. (2000)

Offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers have an increased risk for diabetes later in life. The relative risk for type 1 and type 2 diabetes is 71.6 and 3.2, respectively. Type 2 diabetes-associated risk factors, such as high BMI; elevated glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels; and insulin resistance, are related to the fetal metabolic experience in utero, as reflected by amniotic fluid insulin concentration.