gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing SS 304∕316 hydrogen outgassing to 2×10−15torrl∕cm2s (2007)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Y. Tito Sasaki; Reducing SS 304∕316 hydrogen outgassing to 2×10−15torrl∕cm2s. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 1 July 2007; 25 (4): 1309–1311. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2734151 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Shear force imaging of DNA in a near‐field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) (1997)

A near‐field scanning optical module has been constructed as an accessory for a Nanoscope IIIa commercial scanning probe microscope. Distance feedback and topographic registration are accomplished with an uncoated optical fibre scanning tip by implementation of the shear force technique. The tip is driven by a piezoelectric actuator at a resonance frequency of 8–80 kHz. A laser diode beam is scattered by the tip and detected by a split photodiode, with lock‐in detection of the difference signal. The amplitude ( r ) and phase (τ) responses were characterized as a function of the calibrated tip–sample separation. Using an r cos τ feedback signal, imaging of pUC18 relaxed circular plasmid DNA spread on mica precoated with cetylpyridinium chloride was achieved. The apparent width (28 ± 5 nm) was approximately four times that achieved by scanning force measurements with the same instrument; the apparent height of the DNA (0.6 ± 0.3 nm) was similar with the two techniques. These results demonstrate the applicability of the shear force signal for imaging biological macromolecules according to topography and in conjunction with the optical signals of a near‐field scanning optical microscope (NSOM).
p-Nitroacetophenone in the Mannich Reaction (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp-Nitroacetophenone in the Mannich ReactionWilliam B. Wheatley, William E. Fitzgibbon Jr., and Lee C. CheneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 17, 4490–4491Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01646a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01646a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Sheaf Theoretic Approach to Consciousness (1999)

A new fundamental mathematical model of consciousness based on category theory is presented. The model is based on two philosophical-theological assumptions: a) the universe is a sea of consciousness, and b) time is multi-dimensional and non-linear.
Bacillus acidocaldarius sp.nov., an Acidophilic Thermophilic Spore-forming Bacterium (1971)

Summary: Fourteen cultures of thermophilic acidophilic bacteria have been isolated from a variety of thermal acid environments by enrichment at elevated temperatures and low pH. Morphological and physiological properties suggest that the bacteria are members of a homogeneous group of aerobic spore-forming rods. The base composition of the DNA is about 62 % guanine plus cytosine, and this fact together with the physiological properties suggests that relationship to other species in the genus Bacillus is rather distant. The isolates are hence classified in a new species, Bacillus acidocaldarius. The species is characterized by the ability to grow at temperatures from 45° to 70° (optimum 60° to 65°) and at pH values from 2·0 to 6·0 (optimum 3 to 4).
Hole transport and charge transfer in GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs single strained quantum well structures (1986)

Reported are studies of MBE-grown single strained quantum- well structures with In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As wells as and GaAs barriers. Structures with selective p-type doping were investigated using Hall-effect, magnetoresistance and magnetoluminescence measurements. Measured carrier densities were fit to a simple charge-transfer model. Directly measured effective masses confirm the prediction of a strain-induced, density-dependent light hole mass for planar conduction. Mobilities comparable to electron mobilities were attainted.
Evidence for two bladder cancer suppressor loci on human chromosome 9. (1993)

Most carcinomas of the bladder show loss of heterozygosity for markers on human chromosome 9, which suggests that one or more tumor suppressor genes are located on this chromosome. Several observations suggest that such alterations are an important early step in tumorigenesis. We analyzed the pattern of allelic loss in 46 primary carcinomas of the bladder using 19 polymorphic markers from chromosome 9. While most tumors with allelic loss showed loss of heterozygosity for all informative markers that were tested, six tumors demonstrated only partial loss of chromosome 9. Two tumors with partial loss contained deletions that predominantly involved the q arm, as shown by previous studies. The other four tumors contained deletions that predominantly or exclusively involved the p arm, with a common region of loss between D9S161 (9p21) and the telomere. The results show that there is no single common region of loss on chromosome 9 and identify two distinct regions of loss that may contain bladder tumor suppressor loci.
Strain Measurement Techniques in Explosives (2004)

Abstract: Experiments to visualise the detailed microstructure of highly heterogeneous plastic‐bonded explosives have utilised high‐resolution moiré interferometry to measure localised deformations under quasi‐static loading. The information obtained has proved valuable in the development of finite element material models, and offers the potential to isolate and examine the influence of particular microstructural features (like binder layer thickness, or explosive crystal size) on deformation characteristics. New insight into failure processes and the implications of ageing effects have been obtained. The experimental methods and modelling have broad applicability to microstructural studies of a variety of composites.
Self-reference in psychosis and depression: a language marker of illness (2016)

Pairing of laboratory and real-world samples reveals that lexical markers previously identified as specific language changes in depression and psychosis are probably markers of illness in general.
Multi-agent Cooperation Using Snow-Drift Evolutionary Game Model: Case Study in Foraging Task (2018)

Cooperation is often considered as one of the key and unclear concepts, which differentiates multi-agent systems from other related fields such as distributed computing. One of the popular benchmarks for the verification of the effectiveness of various cooperation algorithms is multi-agent foraging task. Different approaches have been proposed among which Markov game based ones are widely used, though they could not select consistent equilibrium for the group. In this paper, an evolutionary game based method is proposed. In this method, the interactions among the agents are modeled by snow-drift game to evolve the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) and bring the maximal reward for the group of agents. The simulation verified the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The Importance of Multidirectional Motion on the Wear of Polyethylene (1996)

The development of a new hip simulator for the study of bearing materials used in total hip replacements has led to several findings which add important new information to the understanding of wear process of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, the most commonly used bearing material today for total joint replacements. Using this hip simulator which is capable of applying the physiological motion pathways occurring during gait to total hip components which are held in the correct anatomical position under the complex loading conditions of the hip in gait, the authors have shown that physiological motion pathways produce very different wear rates and morphology of the wear surface than unidirectional reciprocating pathways. Scanning electron microscopy studies show striking differences in the morphology of the wear surfaces of the polyethylene depending upon the relative motions of the components. Wear rates, surface morphology and particle debris generation consistent with clinical and retrieved studies are achieved when physiological conditions are simulated.
Opposite regulation of human versus mouse apolipoprotein A-I by fibrates in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice. (1996)

The regulation of liver apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene expression by fibrates was studied in human apo A-I transgenic mice containing a human genomic DNA fragment driving apo A-I expression in liver. Treatment with fenofibrate (0.5% wt/wt) for 7 d increased plasma human apo A-I levels up to 750% and HDL-cholesterol levels up to 200% with a shift to larger particles. The increase in human apo A-I plasma levels was time and dose dependent and was already evident after 3 d at the highest dose (0.5% wt/wt) of fenofibrate. In contrast, plasma mouse apo A-I concentration was decreased after fenofibrate in nontransgenic mice. The increase in plasma human apo A-I levels after fenofibrate treatment was associated with a 97% increase in hepatic human apo A-I mRNA, whereas mouse apo A-I mRNA levels decreased to 51%. In nontransgenic mice, a similar down-regulation of hepatic apo A-I mRNA levels was observed. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the increase in human apo A-I and the decrease in mouse apo A-I gene expression after fenofibrate occurred at the transcriptional level. Since part of the effects of fibrates are mediated through the nuclear receptor PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), the expression of the acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) gene was measured as a control of PPAR activation. Both in transgenic and nontransgenic mice, fenofibrate induced ACO mRNA levels up to sixfold. When transgenic mice were treated with gemfibrozil (0.5% wt/wt) plasma human apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol levels increased 32 and 73%, respectively, above control levels. The weaker effect of this compound on human apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol levels correlated with a less pronounced impact on ACO mRNA levels (a threefold increase) suggesting that the level of induction of human apo A-I gene is related to the PPAR activating potency of the fibrate used. Treatment of human primary hepatocytes with fenofibric acid (500 microM) provoked an 83 and 50% increase in apo A-I secretion and mRNA levels, respectively, supporting that a direct action of fibrates on liver human apo A-I production leads to the observed increase in plasma apo A4 and HDL-cholesterol.
Efficient computational algorithms for modeling guided wave dispersion in arterial walls (2018)

Arterial stiffness is a well-known biomarker of early cardiovascular disease. Shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) has emerged as a promising technique to estimate local arterial stiffness from the observed dispersion of guided waves. With the ultimate goal of developing real-time inversion for arterial stiffness from SDUV measurements, we develop and validate highly efficient and accurate computational algorithms that compute the wave dispersion in multi-layered immersed tubes. The proposed approach carefully combines Fourier transformation and one-dimensional finite-element discretization to accurately capture fully three-dimensional wave propagation. The method is several orders of magnitude more efficient than three-dimensional finite element simulation, and eliminates other complexities such as the need for absorbing boundary conditions. The method is validated using SDUV experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms. The validation exercise uncovered an important detail that is often overlooked—the dispersion curve captured through SDUV experiments does not correspond to a single dispersion curve, but a combination of multiple dispersion curves. This implies that proper identification of the dispersion curves could be critical to estimating the arterial stiffness. In this talk, we present the details of the proposed method including formulation, computational complexity, verification and validation.
Applying Customer Journey Methods in SST-based Service Design: A Proposed Methodology (2013)

This paper develops a methodology in how to apply customer journey methods in designing technology-mediated services. The focus is particularly on how to improve customer satisfaction and perceived value through introducing innovative services delivered through self-service technologies (SSTs). Action research is applied on a sub-program of a four-year-long government sponsored project in Taiwan. A methodology covering nine steps is proposed, which is believed valuable in bridging perspectives of service marketing, innovation design, and IT-enabled service (ITeS) development. The strategic roles and implications of customer journey methods in identifying current service gaps and diagnosing the potentials of SST-mediated services are also spotlighted.
Importance of Lifetime Sexual History on the Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Among Unvaccinated Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: Implications for Adult HPV Vaccination (2020)

Prevalent HPV infection was primarily reflective of cumulative exposures over time (higher LTSPs). New exposures had limited impact, emphasizing the need to consider sexual history in the decision-making process for adult HPV vaccination.
Centralized Selective Multicast Retransmission Policy for Enhanced Resource Efficiency in EPON-Based Access Networks (2011)

Based on the combination of an EPON and various last-mile connections, EPON-based access networks can provide broadband access services economically. It, however, is imperative to create an optimized multicast retransmission policy in consideration of such a combined architecture. To resolve this issue, this letter proposes a new Centralized Selective Multicast Retransmission Policy (CSMRP) that efficiently retransmits multicast traffic. Performance results show that the proposed CSMRP can effectively reduce bandwidth consumption and queuing delay for enhanced resource efficiency.
Mutualism reduces the severity of gene disruptions in predictable ways across microbial communities (2023)

Predicting evolution in microbial communities is critical for problems from human health to global nutrient cycling. Understanding how species interactions impact the distribution of fitness effects for a focal population would enhance our ability to predict evolution. Specifically, it would be useful to know if the type of ecological interaction, such as mutualism or competition, changes the average effect of a mutation (i.e., the mean of the distribution of fitness effects). Furthermore, how often does increasing community complexity alter the impact of species interactions on mutant fitness? To address these questions, we created a transposon mutant library in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and measured the fitness of loss of function mutations in 3,550 genes when grown alone versus competitive co-culture or mutualistic co-culture with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Methylorubrum extorquens.</i> We found that mutualism reduces the average impact of mutations, while competition had no effect. Additionally, mutant fitness in the 3-species communities can be predicted by averaging the fitness in each 2-species community. Finally, the fitness effects of several knockouts in the mutualistic communities were surprising. We discovered that <i>S. enterica</i> is obtaining a different source of carbon and more vitamins and amino acids than we had expected. Our results suggest that species interactions can predictably impact fitness effect distributions, in turn suggesting that evolution may ultimately be predictable in multi-species communities.
Prediction of Fertilizer Granulation:  Effect of Binder Viscosity on Random Coalescence Model (2001)

The effect of binder viscosity on the granulation of NPK fertilizers has been experimentally investigated at ambient temperature. The viscosity of the binder solutions used in these trials was higher than in any previous work on fertilizer granulation and more representative of the viscosity in industrial granulation units. In general, a higher binder viscosity resulted in a higher degree of granulation. The experimental data were correlated using a random coalescence theory, and first-stage coalescence kernels were determined for variations in binder viscosity and fractional saturation. These experimental coalescence kernels were then modeled using a normalization procedure that took the effects of binder viscosity and fractional saturation into account. The modeled data fit the experimental data well over a wide range of binder viscosities and fractional saturations. Further results were gathered from a high-temperature industrial granulation system and were used to validate the normalized coalescence model. These results indicate that high-temperature industrial granulation systems can be accurately predicted from bench-scale data if the fractional saturation of the granulate and the viscosity of the binder solution are accurately known.
Kinetic Exchange between the Conduction Band Electrons and Magnetic Ions in Quantum-Confined Structures (1999)

We provide an experimental evidence and a theoretical substantiation for a strong reduction of the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ exchange interaction between electrons and Mn-ion spins with increasing degree of the confinement in nanostructures of diluted magnetic semiconductors. By spin-flip Raman scattering a strong (up to $25%$) reduction of the exchange parameter is observed in $(\mathrm{Cd},\mathrm{Mn})\mathrm{Te}/(\mathrm{Cd},\mathrm{Mn},\mathrm{Mg})\mathrm{Te}$ quantum well structures. As a responsible mechanism we suggest switching-on of the kinetic exchange for the conduction electrons with finite $\mathbf{k}$ vectors. Quantitative agreement between experimental data and calculations is achieved.
Investigation of the Effect of Oxygen on the Near-Surface Electron Accumulation in Nonpolar m-Plane (1010) InN Film by Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2013)

A strong electron accumulation was observed in a near-surface region of an as-grown nonpolar m -plane (101̄0) InN film by analyzing the valence band hard X-ray photoelectron spectra as a function of the take-off angle. In addition, two oxygen chemical states correlated with electron carrier concentration were observed in the O 1s core-level spectra. By comparing with the oxygen concentration in a bulk-like region, the amount of oxygen drastically increased in a near-surface region, suggesting that the oxygen atoms in the near-surface region act as donors to contribute to the near-surface electron accumulation layer.
A naturally occurring mutation in an ATP-binding domain of the recombination repair gene XRCC3 ablates its function without causing cancer susceptibility (2003)

Inherited mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, whose protein products are necessary for the homology-directed DNA repair pathway, confer a dominant susceptibility to cancer. We have investigated whether mutations of genes encoding other components of the same DNA repair pathway can also affect cancer susceptibility. We have identified three novel non-synonymous substitutions in one such gene, encoding the RAD51-related protein XRCC3. One of these variants, D213N, occurs in a highly conserved ATP-binding domain and completely abrogates the ability of the transfected gene to correct the phenotype of XRCC3 deficient cells. The D213N variant was found in the heterozygous state in DNA from 3/1577 healthy individuals. However, we did not detect this variant at all amongst 187 breast cancer families and 1300 unrelated patients with common cancers. Thus we have no evidence that D213N increases the risk of cancer. We propose that not all components of the homologous recombination repair complex can act as cancer susceptibility genes.
COX-2-dependent and -independent biosynthesis of dihydroxy-arachidonic acids in activated human leukocytes (2011)

Biosynthesis of 5,15-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-diHETE) in leukocytes involves consecutive oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX in either order. Here, we analyzed the contribution of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 to the biosynthesis of 5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE in isolated human leukocytes activated with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187. Transformation of arachidonic acid was initiated by 5-LOX providing 5S-HETE as a substrate for COX-2 forming 5S,15S-diHETE, 5S,15R-diHETE, and 5S,11R-diHETE as shown by LC/MS and chiral phase HPLC analyses. The levels of 5,15-diHETE were 0.45 ± 0.2 ng/10⁶ cells (mean ± SEM, n = 6), reaching about half the level of LTB₄ (1.3 ± 0.5 ng/10⁶ cells, n = 6). The COX-2 specific inhibitor NS-398 reduced the levels of 5,15-diHETE to below 0.02 ng/10⁶ cells in four of six samples. Similar reduction was achieved by MK-886, an inhibitor of 5-LOX activating protein but the above differences were not statistically significant. Aspirin treatment of the activated cells allowed formation of 5,15-diHETE (0.1 ± 0.05 ng/10⁶ cells, n = 6) but, as expected, abolished formation of 5,11-diHETE. The mixture of activated cells also produced 5S,12S-diHETE with the unusual 6E,8Z,10E double bond configuration, implicating biosynthesis by 5-LOX and 12-LOX activity rather than by hydrolysis of the leukotriene A₄-epoxide. Exogenous octadeuterated 5S-HETE and 15S-HETE were converted to 5,15-diHETE, implicating that multiple oxygenation pathways of arachidonic acid occur in activated leukocytes. The contribution of COX-2 to the biosynthesis of dihydroxylated derivatives of arachidonic acid provides evidence for functional coupling with 5-LOX in activated human leukocytes.