gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On decision depths for partial response codes (2005)

The decision depth L/sub d/ for finite and infinite partial response signaling (PRS) schemes is investigated. New measures are proposed that take into account error event multiplicity. We conclude that small to moderate decoder decision depths achieve performance near MLSE even for near catastrophic codes. Under some constraints, the decision depth should be an increasing function of the signal to noise ratio.
Velocity slip and temperature difference of gas mixtures in quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flows (1979)

The velocity slip and temperature difference are examined using two-temperature thirteen moment equations. It is shown that the velocity slip becomes maximum just beyond the throat and the temperature difference is appreciable in the supersonic flow regions.
Production and Functional Characterization of Two Mouse/Human Chimeric Antibodies With Specificity for the Tumor-Associated Tn-Antigen (2000)

In this work, we have constructed two functional mouse/human chimeric antibodies (IgMkappa and IgG1kappa isotypes) by inserting genomic DNA fragments encoding VH and Vkappa variable regions of the murine monoclonal antibody IgMK-83D4 into mammalian expression vectors containing human mu, gamma1, and kappa constant exons, and by transfecting them into the nonsecreting mouse myeloma X-63 cell line. In previous works, we have demonstrated that 83D4 murine mAb reacts with Tn determinant (GalNAcalpha-O-Ser/Thr) expressed in 90% of breast, ovary, and colon carcinomas. Both expressed chimeric antibodies were purified from the transfected cell line supernatant by affinity chromatography, and their reactivities against Tn antigen were confirmed by ELISA on asialo ovine submaxilar mucin and immunofluorescence studies on MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. We have demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography, that the principal secreted forms were monomers for IgG1kappa and pentamers for IgMkappa. The binding affinities of these chimeric antibodies against synthetic Tn glycopeptides, were evaluated by surface plasmon resonance showing an affinity constant similar to that of 83D4 native antibody for IgMkappa and a lower affinity constant for IgG1kappa chimeric antibody. On the other hand, the replacement of mouse C regions with human C regions confers both chimeric antibodies the ability to activate human complement. These mouse/human chimeric antibodies should be much less immunogenic and could play an important role in the lysis of tumor cell expressing Tn-antigen. Therefore, these anti-Tn chimeric antibodies could be considered as potential tools for human in vivo studies.
The effects of macromolecular substrates and a metabolic inhibitor on volatile fatty acid metabolism in thermophilic aerobic digestion (1998)

The effects of spiking macromolecular substrates and an inhibitor on the metabolic behavioral patterns of thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) biomass, from a pilot scale system, were studied. The 3 macromolecules examined were linoleic acid (lipid), peptone (protein) and dextrin (carbohydrates). Linoleic acid did very little in terms of volatile fatty acid (VFA) stimulation in either anaerobic or microaerobic environments. Dextrin stimulated propionate and acetate production in a rough 2 propionate to 1 acetate molar ratio under anaerobic conditions. Peptone was the only one of the three tested substrates that stimulated only acetate production under fermentative conditions. Under microaerobic conditions (oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply), both peptone and dextrin stimulated the production of acetate. The results seen under both anaerobic and microaerobic experimental conditions, with the exception of linoleic acid, in so far as redox balance is concerned, are consistent with the hypothesized biochemical mechanisms describing substrate metabolism in TAD proposed by Chu et al. (1996). Since fermentative reactions do not utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy, 2,4-dinitrophenol had no measurable effect on VFA metabolism in an anaerobic environment. The effect of this agent under microaerobic conditions, was to induce the process biomass to switch from generating energy via oxidative means to using substrate level phosphorylation reactions. This results in the accumulation of large amounts of acetate in excess of the control condition that was not treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol, since acetate production from acetyl-Coenzyme A yields energy.
CoOx/CeO2 Nanocomposite Powders:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity (2005)

CoOx/CeO2 nanocomposite materials with increasing Co/Ce atomic ratio were prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic techniques, by BET and by thermal analysis. CoO is prevalent in the samples with lower cobalt content, whereas Co3O4 is the main presence at high Co/Ce atomic ratios. CeO2 is slightly reduced: Ce(III) is evident at the interface supported/ supporting oxide. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy allowed us to obtain interesting information concerning particle dimensions and growing morphology. The acidic/basic properties of the catalysts surfaces were investigated by studying the interaction of CoOx/CeO2 powder samples with pyridine and CO2. New acidic/basic sites are evident on the surface of the nanocomposites; this is particularly evident in the samples with lower cobalt content. The interaction with methanol was also investigated. Methanol chemisorbs molecularly and dissociatively on the CoOx/CeO2 samples; dissociation is prevalent in the sample characterized by a lower content of cobalt oxide. The oxidation of methanol is evident at rather low temperatures. When water is added to methanol, the oxidation temperature decreases (373 K instead of 433 K) and the formation of carbon monoxide is not observed.
Dropouts and refusals in observational studies (2006)

The success of prevention trials of Alzheimer disease and other dementias (AD/dementia) hinges on their ability to recruit and retain at-risk study populations. Losing subjects is a threat to the power to detect a treatment effect and, potentially, to the validity of these studies. Observational cohort studies accumulate data around participant outcomes that can help to inform the design of future prevention trials. Our objectives were to investigate the rates of refusal and dropout within observational cohort studies and to evaluate their characteristics and impact. This study examined data from the Canadian Cohort Study of Cognitive Impairment and Related Dementias (ACCORD), a 2-year observational cohort study of patients newly referred to dementia clinics. The sample included 124 Not Cognitively Impaired (NCI) and 342 Cognitively Impaired Not Demented (CIND) subjects. Subjects who refused initial neuropsychological (NP) testing were compared to those who completed NP testing and subjects who dropped out to those who attended follow-up. Refusal was common, with 40% of subjects not completing neuropsychological testing at baseline. Dropout was also substantial, with 55% lost to the 2-year follow-up. Subjects who refused NP testing were significantly older and less educated. CIND refusers had lower cognitive and functional scores at entry and a 2-year progression rate to dementia twice as high as that of non-refusers. CIND dropouts also had lower baseline cognitive and functional scores. These observations suggest that dropouts and refusals in prevention trials include those subjects who are at high risk for progression to AD/dementia. Targeted strategies to retain these individuals within prevention studies will be needed to achieve sufficient study power and validity.
Direct synthesis of V-containing all-silica beta-zeolite for efficient one-pot, one-step conversion of carbohydrates into 2,5-diformylfuran (2017)

V-containing all silica beta-zeolite exhibited high atom-efficiency in the direct synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from carbohydrates.
7.7 A 768Gb 3b/cell 3D-floating-gate NAND flash memory (2016)

A planar floating-gate NAND technology has previously realized a 0.87Gb/mm2 memory density using 3b/cell [1] and achieved a minimum feature size for 16nm [2]. However, the development of planar NAND flash is expected to reach the scaling limit in a few technology generations. To break though this limit, a significant shift to 3D NAND flash has begun and several types of 3D memory cell structures have been proposed and discussed [3–5]. Recently a 3D V-NAND technology achieved 1.86Gb/mm2 using charge-trap cells and 3b/cell [6]. This paper presents a 3b/cell NAND flash memory utilizing a 3D floating gate (FG) technology that achieves 4.29Gb/mm2.
Further studies of bi-oxo-capped triniobium cluster complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther studies of bi-oxo-capped triniobium cluster complexesF. Albert Cotton, Michael P. Diebold, and Wieslaw J. RothCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 13, 2347–2352Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00286a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00286a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An analysis of ideal and actual time to surgery after traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada (2017)

Ideal surgical timing for traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) within 24 h of injury was identified, but not accomplished. Discrepancies between the opinions on the optimal and actual timing of surgery in tSCI patients suggest the need for strategies for knowledge translation and reduction of administrative barriers to early surgery.
Prediction of Lignin and Suberin Deposition in Boundary Zone Tissue of Wounded Tree Bark Using Accumulated Degree Days (1986)

Abstract The phellogen of cultivated apple, sweet cherry, and peach trees was wounded at regular intervals beginning in early May and ending in late Aug. 1983. Bark tissue supporting the wounds was excised, sectioned, treated with phloroglucinol + HCl, and examined under a bright field to determine the extent of lignification. The same sections were examined under ultraviolet epi-illumination to determine the extent of suberin deposition in the boundary zone tissue formed from cells present at the time of wounding. Mean daily temperature, time post-wounding, and accumulated degree days (base = −5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°C) were used to predict the percentage of wounds lignified and suberized. A segmented quadratic equation incorporating accumulated degree days (base = 0°) was the best model for predicting lignification for the 3 species and for suberin deposition in peach and sweet cherry.
High Transmission Potential of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 for Cx. pipiens s.l. of Iran (2020)

<b>:</b> Vector competence is an important parameter in evaluating whether a species plays a role in transmission of an arbovirus. Although the protocols are similar, interpretation of results is unique given the specific interactions that exist between a mosquito population and a viral genotype. Here, we assessed the infection (IR), dissemination (DR), and transmission (TR) rates of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> s.l., collected from Iran, for West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1a. We showed that <i>Cx. pipiens</i> s.l. mosquitoes in Iran were susceptible to WNV with IR up to 89.7%, 93.6%, and 83.9% at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) respectively. In addition, DR and TR reached respectively 92.3% and 75.0% at 21 dpi, and the number of viral particles delivered with saliva reached up to 1.33 × 10<sup>5</sup> particles. Therefore, an unexpected high risk of WNV dissemination in the region where <i>Cx. pipiens</i> s.l. mosquitoes are well established should be considered carefully and surveillance measures implemented accordingly.
Species Abundance and Identification of Forensically Important Flies of Saudi Arabia by DNA Barcoding (2017)

Because they may demonstrate characteristics of the environment where a body has been laying prior to the discovery, flies are insects of forensic interest. We investigated the fly abundance and the effect of location in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on fly species diversity that attack decomposing human and animal remains. Using baited traps deployed in each location, we collected 3,697 flies of seven species belonging to three families. Chrysomya albiceps Wiedmann represented 60.86% of the collected flies, whereas Musca domestica L. represented 25.8%; the other species made up < 6% each. To facilitate species identification by DNA barcoding, we sequenced a 710-bp "Folmer region" of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for 22 samples from collection sites distributed through entire Saudi Arabia. The COI sequences from Musca albina Wiedmann, Musca lucidula Loew, Musca calleva Walker, Musca sorbens Wiedmann, and Physiphora alceae Preyssler were obtained for the first time. This primary study indicates that even when Folmer primers were widely used in DNA barcoding, the Folmer's region is not adequate when discriminating between Musca species, and sequencing the whole COI or other genes is required for forensic purpose.
Combination of Redox-Active Ligand and Lewis Acid for Dioxygen Reduction with π-Bound Molybdenum−Quinonoid Complexes (2015)

A series of π-bound Mo-quinonoid complexes supported by pendant phosphines have been synthesized. Structural characterization revealed strong metal-arene interactions between Mo and the π system of the quinonoid fragment. The Mo-catechol complex (2a) was found to react within minutes with 0.5 equiv of O(2) to yield a Mo-quinone complex (3), H(2)O, and CO. Si- and B-protected Mo-catecholate complexes also react with O(2) to yield 3 along with (R(2)SiO)n and (ArBO)(3) byproducts, respectively. Formally, the Mo-catecholate fragment provides two electrons, while the elements bound to the catecholate moiety act as acceptors for the O(2) oxygens. Unreactive by itself, the Mo-dimethyl catecholate analogue reduces O(2) in the presence of added Lewis acid, B(C(6)F(5))(3), to generate a Mo(I) species and a bis(borane)-supported peroxide dianion, [[(F(5)C(6))(3)B](2)O(2)(2-)], demonstrating single-electron-transfer chemistry from Mo to the O(2) moiety. The intramolecular combination of a molybdenum center, redox-active ligand, and Lewis acid reduces O(2) with pendant acids weaker than B(C(6)F(5))(3). Overall, the π-bound catecholate moiety acts as a two-electron donor. A mechanism is proposed in which O(2) is reduced through an initial one-electron transfer, coupled with transfer of the Lewis acidic moiety bound to the quinonoid oxygen atoms to the reduced O(2) species.
Lost Circulation Management in Naturally Fractured Formations: Efficient Operational Strategies and Novel Solutions (2016)

Abstract Managing severe to total lost circulation can be very challenging in naturally fractured formations. Particulate lost circulation materials (LCMs) have been used to manage lost circulation for many years; however, current LCMs are not efficient in terms of their size and application methods when it comes to curing severe to total losses, such as highly fractured formations. In the present paper, preventive (proactive) and remedial (reactive) operational strategies will be discussed. In addition to the operational strategy, this paper will also present novel additives in the form of engineered composite LCM solutions (ECS) with multi-modal particle-size distribution (PSD), which were successfully used to manage severe-to-total-loss situations in naturally fractured carbonate formations. The multi-modal PSD will help manage any uncertainties in fracture sizes, and the presence of larger particles will also aid in plugging large fractures. Case studies will be presented for applications in the mid-continental USA, Middle East, and offshore East Africa. Preventive strategies are recommended to reduce the potential for lost circulation (LC). It is recommended that LC management be considered in the wellbore planning/design phase and that all engineering analyses be performed prior to the start of drilling the well. It is very important to have remedial strategies in place if the preventive plan does not work. This includes putting loss contingency plans in place should unexpected loss events occur. Examples will be discussed as to how previous knowledge and lessons learned can play a critical role in developing contingency engineered solutions to effectively cure losses. When managing severe-to-total losses in highly fractured formations, particulates alone may not be effective. The combination of a large multi-modal PSD LCM, a swellable component, and chopped synthetic fibers were proposed as a solution for dealing with such extreme losses. While drilling highly fractured formations, this combination was applied after all conventional LCM applications failed. In most cases, the combination was pumped open-ended, and losses were totally cured so that circulation could be re-established. To conserve rig time, the use of a treating sub is recommended as part of the BHA for handling high concentrations of large PSD LCMs for curing severe losses. The combination of operational strategies (LCM applications) and novel LCM solutions for curing severe-to-total losses in naturally fractured formations are the technology improvements presented in this paper.
Quantitative chemical shift imaging of vertebral bone marrow in patients with Gaucher disease. (1992)

To evaluate extent of bone marrow involvement and disease severity in Gaucher patients, results of modified Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging (QCSI) of the lumbar spine were correlated with quantitative analysis of marrow triglycerides and glucocerebrosides and with quantitative determination of splenic volume at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. High-field-strength MR spectra of surgical marrow specimens were dominated by a single fat and a water peak, validating use of QCSI. QCSI showed average vertebral marrow fat fractions of 10% +/- 8 in Gaucher patients (normal adult averages, 29% +/- 6). Relaxation times for lipid and water approximated normal averages; bulk T1 values were significantly longer, reflecting decreased marrow fat. Glucocerebroside concentrations were higher in Gaucher marrow and inversely correlated with triglyceride concentrations. Extent of marrow infiltration determined by fat fraction measurements correlated with disease severity measured by splenic enlargement. These results show that as Gaucher cells infiltrate bone marrow and displace normal marrow adipocytes, bulk T1 increases due to the higher T1 of water compared with that of fat. QCSI provides a sensitive, noninvasive technique for evaluating bone marrow involvement in Gaucher disease.
Doped Carbon Nanoparticles as a New Platform for Highly Photoluminescent Dots (2008)

There have been rapid advances in the development and applications of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) represented by CdSe/ZnS. However, a serious limitation of these QDs is the necessary use of toxic heavy metals. It is reported here that small carbon nanoparticles doped with inorganic salts serve as a highly promising new platform for brightly photoluminescent dots. The photoluminescent carbon dots with the carbon core doped with ZnO (C(ZnO)-Dots) or ZnS (C(ZnS)-Dots) in aqueous solutions are competitive to the commercially available CdSe/ZnS QDs in luminescence brightness.
Bacteria of Dental Caries in Primary and Permanent Teeth in Children and Young Adults (2008)

ABSTRACT Although Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a major etiological agent of dental caries, our cross-sectional preliminary study indicated that 10% of subjects with rampant caries in permanent teeth do not have detectable levels of S. mutans . Our aims were to use molecular methods to detect all bacterial species associated with caries in primary and permanent teeth and to determine the bacterial profiles associated with different disease states. Plaque was collected from 39 healthy controls and from intact enamel and white-spot lesions, dentin lesions, and deep-dentin lesions in each of 51 subjects with severe caries. 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine species identities. In a reverse-capture checkerboard assay, 243 samples were analyzed for 110 prevalent bacterial species. A sequencing analysis of 1,285 16S rRNA clones detected 197 bacterial species/phylotypes, of which 50% were not cultivable. Twenty-two new phylotypes were identified. PROC MIXED tests revealed health- and disease-associated species. In subjects with S. mutans , additional species, e.g., species of the genera Atopobium , Propionibacterium , and Lactobacillus , were present at significantly higher levels than those of S. mutans . Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium dentium , and low-pH non- S. mutans streptococci were predominant in subjects with no detectable S. mutans . Actinomyces spp. and non- S. mutans streptococci were predominant in white-spot lesions, while known acid producers were found at their highest levels later in disease. Bacterial profiles change with disease states and differ between primary and secondary dentitions. Bacterial species other than S. mutans , e.g., species of the genera Veillonella , Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , and Propionibacterium , low-pH non- S. mutans streptococci, Actinomyces spp., and Atopobium spp., likely play important roles in caries progression.
Distribution of base dopant for transit time minimization in a bipolar transistor (1996)

A means to determine the doping profile minimizing base transit time in a bipolar transistor is presented, assuming that the width of the neutral base is held constant. It is found that the optimum profile is not close to the exponential decrease from emitter to collector predicted by earlier studies.
A novel one-hour 13 C-sorbitol breath test versus the H 2 -sorbitol breath test for assessment of coeliac disease (2009)

The novel (13)C-SBT has superior diagnostic properties compared to the H(2)-SBT, which has unsatisfactory specificity in clinical practice. The 1-h (13)C-SBT may be a useful supplemental test when investigating for coeliac disease.