gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nature and Chinese Art Inspire Materials for Light Harvesting (2020)

(Matter 3, 12–26; July 1, 2020) In this article, an error was inadvertently introduced to the Figure 1 legend during proof review. The description for (C) was mislabeled as (B), and the description for (B) was omitted. The Figure 1 legend should read as follows: (A) Chinese ivory puzzle ball, 19th century, British museum. Original photograph by Ged Carroll (cropped, https://www.flickr.com/photos/renaissancechambara/2896301998/, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). (B) Schematic illustration of the TiO2-CuxO HoMSs for efficient sequential harvesting of solar light. (C) Hydrogen evolution activity (HER) and oxygen evolution activity (OER) of TiO2 based HoMSs and CeO2 HoMSs related samples under 300 W Xe lamp irradiation at 281 K (adapted with permission from Oxford Academic11). The article has now been corrected online. Cell Press apologizes for the error. Nature and Chinese Art Inspire Materials for Light HarvestingBenetti et al.MatterJuly 01, 2020In BriefThe Holy Grail of materials science and engineering is to understand and control structure/property relationships in materials systems, so as to attain the long-standing goal of materials by design. In this Preview, we describe recently synthesized hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs), a porous nanomaterial whose complex architecture was inspired both by nature and by the puzzle ball—an ancient Chinese artifact. Thanks to the precise control of structure and composition, HoMSs allow to sequentially harvest sunlight, leading to improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from water. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
DC offset and low frequency noise compensation for direct-conversion receiver in pulse compression radar (2011)

In this paper, we replace low-pass filter (LPF) in traditional direct-conversion receiver (DCR) in pulse compression radar (PCR) by pre-defined filter (PDF) to directly filter direct-current offset and low frequency noise. We also accordingly propose an algorithm for compensating the distance range resolution degradation caused by PDF's effect on low frequency components of received linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals. Based on the theoretical understanding on how the low frequency band influences the pulse compression, a set of newly deduced equations are used to calculate the compression, and the range resolution degradation can be recovered based on the priori knowledge of the employed LFM signal and filters. This method can be used in all pulse compression radars where pre-defined continuous radar signals are employed.
Initial-state nuclear effects in high energy p-a drell-yan process (2007)

Nuclear shadowing and energy loss effects are two important initial-state nuclear effects in hadron-nucleus collisions. In this paper, by means of the nuclear parton distributions extracted only from lepton deep-inelastic scattering experimental data, the energy loss effect in Drell-Yan dimuon production process is studied in the color string model. By a chi(2) analysis of the experimental data given by FNAL E772 and E866, we found the rate of quark energy loss per unit path length: -dE/dz = 2.06GeV/fm, which is almost the same as the result expected by the model -dE/dz approximate to 2GeV/fm. The calculated results are compared with the E772 and E866 data. It is shown that the theoretical results considered the energy loss effect are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Wavelength Locking Platform for DML-based Multichannel Transmitter on a Silicon Chip (2016)

We present a platform for the feedback control of a multichannel transmitter based on DML sources and a silicon photonic multiplexer and carver circuit. Automatic tuning and wavelength locking are demonstrated in about 150 ms.
What Is Meant by “Missing at Random”? (2013)

The concept of missing at random is central in the literature on statistical analysis with missing data. In general, inference using incomplete data should be based not only on observed data values but should also take account of the pattern of missing values. However, it is often said that if data are missing at random, valid inference using likelihood approaches (including Bayesian) can be obtained ignoring the missingness mechanism. Unfortunately, the term “missing at random” has been used inconsistently and not always clearly; there has also been a lack of clarity around the meaning of “valid inference using likelihood”. These issues have created potential for confusion about the exact conditions under which the missingness mechanism can be ignored, and perhaps fed confusion around the meaning of “analysis ignoring the missingness mechanism”. Here we provide standardised precise definitions of “missing at random” and “missing completely at random”, in order to promote unification of the theory. Using these definitions we clarify the conditions that suffice for “valid inference” to be obtained under a variety of inferential paradigms.
Duration-frequency relationships of heavy rainfall in Santa Catarina, Brazil (2012)

The purpose of this study was to adjust equations that establish relationships between rainfall events with different duration and data from weather stations in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In this study, the relationships between different duration heavy rainfalls from 13 weather stations of Santa Catarina were analyzed. From series of maximum annual rainfalls, and using the Gumbel-Chow distribution, the maximum rainfall for durations between 5 min and 24 h were estimated considering return periods from 2 to 100 years. The data fit to the Gumbel-Chow model was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5 % significance. The coefficients of Bell's equation were adjusted to estimate the relationship between rainfall duration t (min) and the return period T (y) in relation to the maximum rainfall with a duration of 1 hour and a 10 year return period. Likewise, the coefficients of Bell's equation were adjusted based on the maximum rainfall with a duration of 1 day and a 10 year return period. The results showed that these relationships are viable to estimate short-duration rainfall events at locations where there are no rainfall records.
Sucrose transporter1 functions in phloem loading in maize leaves (2009)

In most plants, sucrose is exported from source leaves to carbon-importing sink tissues to sustain their growth and metabolism. Apoplastic phloem-loading species require sucrose transporters (SUTs) to transport sucrose into the phloem. In many dicot plants, genetic and biochemical evidence has established that SUT1-type proteins function in phloem loading. However, the role of SUT1 in phloem loading in monocot plants is not clear since the rice (Oryza sativa) and sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid) SUT1 orthologues do not appear to function in phloem loading of sucrose. A SUT1 gene was previously cloned from maize (Zea mays) and shown to have expression and biochemical activity consistent with a hypothesized role in phloem loading. To determine the biological function of SUT1 in maize, a sut1 mutant was isolated and characterized. sut1 mutant plants hyperaccumulate carbohydrates in mature leaves and display leaf chlorosis with premature senescence. In addition, sut1 mutants have greatly reduced stature, altered biomass partitioning, delayed flowering, and stunted tassel development. Cold-girdling wild-type leaves to block phloem transport phenocopied the sut1 mutants, supporting a role for maize SUT1 in sucrose export. Furthermore, application of (14)C-sucrose to abraded sut1 mutant and wild-type leaves showed that sucrose export was greatly diminished in sut1 mutants compared with wild type. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SUT1 is crucial for efficient phloem loading of sucrose in maize leaves.
Metabolism of Carbohydrates by Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis (1968)

Cell-free extracts of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis and P. pestis catalyzed a rapid and reversible exchange of electrons between pyridine nucleotides. Although the extent of this exchange approximated that promoted by the soluble nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase of Pseudomonas fluorescens, the reaction in the pasteurellae was associated with a particulate fraction and was not influenced by adenosine-2'-monophosphate. The ability of P. pseudotuberculosis to utilize this system for the maintenance of a large pool of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate could not be correlated with significant participation of the Entner-Doudoroff path or catabolic use of the hexose-monophosphate path during metabolism of glucose. As judged by the distribution of radioactivity in metabolic pyruvate, glucose and gluconate were fermented via the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff paths, respectively. With the exception of hexosediphosphatase, all enzymes of the three paths were detected, although little or no gluconokinase or phosphogluconate dehydrase was present unless the organisms were cultivated with gluconate. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the pasteurellae, related enteric bacteria, and P. fluorescens.
Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Replenishment on Tribological Performance of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil (2022)

Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases the frequency of oil changes in heavy-duty engine oil. Several studies discussed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favored antiwear additives that react very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduces wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot, and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.
Synthesis of (S)-isoserine. (1976)

(1976). Synthesis of (S)-Isoserine. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 1651-1652.
Adaptive orientation-sensitive enhancement of striated patterns based on a visual model (1986)

An adaptive algorithm for the enhancement of patterns consisting of families of curved lines was implemented. The algorithm was designed to simulate the human visual system’s ability to detect and follow such patterns even in adverse conditions. Sections of a striated pattern that are not perceivable alone may be detected if viewed contiguous to suprathreshold parts of the same pattern. The algorithm implements filters that are well localized in both the space and spatial frequency domains. These bandpass, orientationsensitive fan filters are similar in point spread functions to responses recorded from visual cortical cells. The filters are used both to detect the orientation of the striation in a small window and to enhance the image in that orientation. To speed up calculations and reduce error rates, the search for orientation is limited to a small angular range based on orientations previously found in neighboring, overlapping windows. The results of application of the algorithm to low-contrast striated patterns and to noisy images are presented. Difficulties and solutions to the problems encountered in windows with multiple orientations are discussed.
Exploring the Origins of Cementoblasts and their Trigger Factors (2003)

Future directions for designing periodontal regenerative therapies hinge on characterization of cells associated with periodontal tissues and on signals instrumental in regulating their behavior. Studies here focused on determining the responsiveness of putative cementoblast progenitor cells (follicle cells), periodontal ligament cells, and cementoblasts to specific factors. Cementoblasts (OCCM), periodontal ligament (SVPDL) cells, and follicle cells (SVF4) were isolated from mouse tissues and immortalized, where SV indicates the use of SV-40 for immortalization. Cultured cells were examined for response to parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) using RT-PCR, Northern analysis, and in vitro and in vivo mineralization assays. Results showed that the three cell lines varied in their expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), and in their capacity to promote mineralization. RT-PCR indicated that all cell lines had PTH/PTHrP-R1 and BMP receptors; however, the response of individual cell lines to PTHrP, BMP-2, and EMD was quite different. Such dissimilarities in responsiveness associated with cell type may need to be considered when designing regenerative therapies.
Modern fluoropolymers : high performance polymers for diverse applications (1997)

Partial table of contents: Fluorocarbon Elastomers (V. Arcella & R. Ferro). Processing of Fluoroelastomers (S. Bowers). Adhesion Properties of Fluoropolymers (D. Brewis & I. Mathieson). Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Resins (D. Kerbow). Fluorosilicones (M. Maxson, et al.). Liquid Fluoroelastomers (E. Ross & G. Hoover). Fluorinated Acrylic Ester Polymers (T. Shimizu). CTFE/Vinyl Ether Copolymers (T. Takakura). Fluoroelastomers (A. van Cleeff). Index.
Biomechanical Characteristics of 9 Arthroscopic Knots (2010)

This study analyzed 9 arthroscopic knots with modern suture material and identified those with superior characteristics.
Flow cytometric sexing of spider sperm reveals an equal sperm production ratio in a female-biased species (2014)

Producing equal amounts of male and female offspring has long been considered an evolutionarily stable strategy. Nevertheless, exceptions to this general rule (i.e. male and female biases) are documented in many taxa, making sex allocation an important domain in current evolutionary biology research. Pinpointing the underlying mechanism of sex ratio bias is challenging owing to the multitude of potential sex ratio-biasing factors. In the dwarf spider, Oedothorax gibbosus, infection with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia results in a female bias. However, pedigree analysis reveals that other factors influence sex ratio variation. In this paper, we investigate whether this additional variation can be explained by the unequal production of male- and female-determining sperm cells during sperm production. Using flow cytometry, we show that males produce equal amounts of male- and female-determining sperm cells; thus bias in sperm production does not contribute to the sex ratio bias observed in this species. This demonstrates that other factors such as parental genes suppressing endosymbiont effects and cryptic female choice might play a role in sex allocation in this species.
Depletion-driven assembly of polymer-coated nanocrystals (2022)

Depletion-driven assembly has been widely studied for micron-sized colloids, but questions remain at the nanoscale where the governing physics are impacted by the stabilizing surface ligands or wrapping polymers, whose length scales are on the same order as those of the colloidal core and the depletant. Here, we probe how wrapping colloidal tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals with polymers affects their depletion-induced interactions and assembly in solutions of polyethylene glycol. Copolymers of polyacrylic acid grafted with polyethylene oxide provide nanocrystal wrappings with different effective polymer graft densities and molecular weights. (Ultra) small angle X-ray scattering, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular thermodynamic theory were combined to analyze how depletant size and polymer wrapping characteristics affect depletion interactions, structure, and phase behavior. The results show how depletant molecular weight, as well as surface density and molecular weight of polymer grafts, set thresholds for assembly. These signatures are unique to depletion-driven assembly of nanoscale colloids and mirror phase behaviors of grafted nanoparticle--polymer composites. Optical and rheological responses of depletion-driven assemblies of nanocrystals with different polymer shell architectures were probed to learn how their structural differences impact properties. We discuss how these handles for depletion-driven assembly at the nanoscale may provide fresh opportunities for designing responsive depletion interactions and dynamically reconfigurable materials.
Abyssicoccus albus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Staphylococcaceae isolated from marine sediment of the Indian Ocean (vol 109, pg 1153, 2016) (2016)

[Jiang, Zhao; Yuan, Chang-Guo; Khan, Inam-Ullah; Zhi, Xiao-Yang; Li, Wen-Jun] Yunnan Univ, Yunnan Inst Microbiol, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China; [Xiao, Min; Li, Wen-Jun] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Xiao, Min; Li, Wen-Jun] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Resources, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Tian, Xin-Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Marine Bioresources & Ecol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Tian, Xin-Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, RNAM Ctr Marine Microbiol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Tian, Xin-Peng] Guangdong Key Lab Marine Mat Med, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Tian, Xin-Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Kim, Chang-Jin] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Microbial Resource Ctr, Daejeon 305806, South Korea
A Bootstrap Approach to Automatically Generating Lexical Transfer Rules (1999)

We describe a method for automatically generating Lexical Transfer Rules (LTRs) from word equivalences using transfer rule templates. Templates are skeletal LTRs, unspecified for words. New LTRs are created by instantiating a template with words, provided that the words belong to the appropriate lexical categories required by the template. We define two methods for creating an inventory of templates and using them to generate new LTRs. A simpler method consists of extracting a finite set of templates from a sample of hand coded LTRs and directly using them in the generation process. A further method consists of abstracting over the initial finite set of templates to define higher level templates, where bilingual equivalences are defined in terms of correspondences involving phrasal categories. Phrasal templates are then mapped onto sets of lexical templates with the aid of grammars. In this way an infinite set of lexical templates is recursively defined. New LTRs are created by parsing input words, matching a template at the phrasal level and using the corresponding lexical categories to instantiate the lexical template. The definition of an infinite set of templates enables the automatic creation of LTRs for multi-word, non-compositional word equivalences of any cardinality.
Data for: Static Load Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network: Application on a Wing Rib. (2018)

Experimental Data and Sample of Neural Net work Training data.
Metabolic conversions and the positional distributions in liver lecithin of some unnatural dienoic acids in the rat (1967)

The metabolism of 9,15-octadecadienoate, 12,15-octadecadienoate and 7,13-eicosadienoate was investigated in the fatdeficient rat. The liver lecithins of those animals receiving 9,15- and 12,15-octadecadienoate, as well as the animal remaining on the fat-deficient control, were isolated. The fatty acid distributional pattern was determined by the use of lecithinase A. All three of the experimental dienoic acids were incorporated into tissue lipids. None of the acids, however, was converted to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The 9,15-octadecadienoate was esterified almost exclusively to the beta-position of lecithin, whereas 12,15-octadecadienoate was about equally distributed between the alpha- and beta-positions.
Structural Transition in Myelin Membrane as Initiator of Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

In demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, disrupted myelin structures impair the functional role of the sheath as an insulating layer for proper nerve conduction. Though the etiology and recovery pathways remain unclear, in vivo studies show alterations in the lipid and the adhesive protein (myelin basic protein, MBP) composition. We find that in vitro cytoplasmic myelin membranes with modified lipid composition and low MBP concentration, as in demyelinating disease, show structural instabilities and pathological phase transition from a lamellar to inverted hexagonal, which involve enhanced local curvature. Similar curvatures are also found in vivo in diseased myelin sheaths. In addition, MBP dimers form a correlated mesh-like network within the inner membrane space, only in the vicinity of native lipid composition. These findings delineate the distinct functional roles of dominant constituents in cytoplasmic myelin sheaths, and shed new light on mechanisms disrupting lipid-protein complexes in the diseased state.
Exploring New Uses for C—H Amination: Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Cyclic Sulfamates. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heavy ion SEE studies on 4-Gbit NAND-Flash memories (2007)

Heavy ion SEE studies on three 4-Gbit NAND-flash memory types were performed at the RADEF facility at the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland with particular emphasis on SEFI differentiation. An error classification for complex memory devices is introduced, and respective cross sections are reported.
Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic. A major virulence factor of SARS-CoVs is the nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) which suppresses host gene expression by ribosome association via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that Nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2 binds to 40S and 80S ribosomes, resulting in shutdown of capped mRNA translation both in vitro and in cells. Structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of in vitro reconstituted Nsp1-40S and of native human Nsp1-ribosome complexes revealed that the Nsp1 C-terminus binds to and obstructs the mRNA entry tunnel. Thereby, Nsp1 effectively blocks RIG-I-dependent innate immune responses that would otherwise facilitate clearance of the infection. Thus, the structural characterization of the inhibitory mechanism of Nsp1 may aid structure-based drug design against SARS-CoV-2.
Autologous monocyte-derived DC vaccination combined with cisplatin in stage III and IV melanoma patients: a prospective, randomized phase 2 trial (2020)

Combination of DC vaccination and cisplatin in melanoma patients is feasible and safe, but does not seem to result in more tumor-specific T cell responses or improved clinical outcome, when compared to DC vaccination monotherapy.