gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture Engineering of One Body Nanostructured Catalyst: Layer-By-Layer Adornment of Multiple Nanocatalysts On Silica Nanorod Arrays For Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes (2021)

Abstract Direct consideration for both, the catalytically active species and the host materials provides highly efficient strategies for the architecture design of nanostructured catalysts. The conventional wet chemical methods have limitations in achieving such unique layer-by-layer design possessing one body framework with many catalyst parts. Herein, an innovative physical method is presented that allows the well-regulated architecture design for an array of functional nanocatalysts as exemplified by layer-by-layer adornment of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the highly arrayed silica nanorods. This spatially confined catalyst exhibits excellent efficiency for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes and widely deployed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions; their facile separation from the reaction mixtures is easily accomplished due to the monolithic structure. The generality of this method for the introduction of other metal source has also been demonstrated with Au NPs. This pioneering effort highlights the feasibility of physically controlled architecture design of nanostructured catalysts which may stimulate further studies in the general domain of the heterogeneous catalytic transformations.
ANGES: reconstructing ANcestral GEnomeS maps (2012)

cedric.chauve@sfu.ca.
The Selective Endothelin-A-Receptor Antagonist LU 135.252 Inhibits the Direct Arrhythmogenic Action of Endothelin-1 (2000)

Summary: Besides being a strong vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1) also causes severe ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of our study was to differentiate between the vasoconstrictor and arrhythmogenic actions of ET-1 by using the selective endothelin-A-(ETA) receptor antagonist LU 135.252 (LU). A bolus injection of 5 mg/kg LU was administered to 10 anesthetized mongrel dogs in group A. The 30 min intracoronary ET-1 infusion was started 20 min after the LU bolus at a rate of 60 pmol/min. In the control group (group B, n = 8) only ET-1 was administered (60 pmol/min). The left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow (CBF), cardiac output, electrocardiograph (ECG) and arterial blood pressure were monitored. Two monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) catheters were placed onto the left ventricular epicardium (LVEP) and into the right ventricular endocardium (RVEND) to follow electrophysiologic changes. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure (0 min vs 30 min: group A, 99.0 ± 4.5 vs 90.0 ± 5.2 mmHg, p = NS; group B, 103 ± 6 vs 104 ± 3 mmHg, p = NS), cardiac output (0 min vs 30 min: group A, 3.5 ± 0.7 vs 3.2 ± 0.8 1/min, p = NS; group B, 3.6 ± 0.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.3 1/min, p = NS), and MAPD90 (0 min vs 30 min: group A, LVEP, 241 ± 11 vs 260 ± 14 ms; RVEND, 233 ± 5 vs 239 ± 8 ms, p = NS), whereas a significant decrease was observed in CBF (ΔCBF30min: group A, −28 ± 2%, p < 0.05; group B, −32 ± 3%, p < 0.05). In group A ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred once. Ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) and short, nonsustained ventricular tachycardias (nsVTs) were observed in seven cases. Early afterdepolarizations and a MAPD90 increase were observed in the control group B (0 min vs 30 min: LVEP, 244 ± 10 vs 292 ± 12 ms; RVEND, 255 ± 9 vs 290 ± 8 ms) accompanied by VPCs, incessant nsVTs. Sustained VT and VF were evident in seven cases. Our results indicate, that the applied single bolus injection of LU effectively prevents ET-1-induced major ventricular arrhythmias, whereas it has no effect on coronary vasoconstriction. These data support the notion that ET-1 possesses a direct arrhythmogenic action.
Random phase errors in arrays of line-source antennas (1970)

An analysis of phase errors in arrays of line-source antennas containing random dissimilarities in wave-guide cross section is presented. The expectation of the Fraunhofer power response is derived. A transformation is found which, through use of the central limit theorem, allows derivation of the complete probability distribution of the electric field in the side-lobe region. For errors small enough, the field is given very nearly by the Rice distribution. The results are used to relate manufacturing tolerance to side-lobe deterioration.
Conformational transitions of the sodium-dependent sugar transporter, vSGLT (2018)

Sodium-dependent transporters couple the flow of Na<sup>+</sup> ions down their electrochemical potential gradient to the uphill transport of various ligands. Many of these transporters share a common core structure composed of a five-helix inverted repeat and deliver their cargo utilizing an alternating-access mechanism. A detailed characterization of inward-facing conformations of the Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent sugar transporter from <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (vSGLT) has previously been reported, but structural details on additional conformations and on how Na<sup>+</sup> and ligand influence the equilibrium between other states remains unknown. Here, double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy, structural modeling, and molecular dynamics are utilized to deduce ligand-dependent equilibria shifts of vSGLT in micelles. In the absence and presence of saturating amounts of Na<sup>+</sup>, vSGLT favors an inward-facing conformation. Upon binding both Na<sup>+</sup> and sugar, the equilibrium shifts toward either an outward-facing or occluded conformation. While Na<sup>+</sup> alone does not stabilize the outward-facing state, gating charge calculations together with a kinetic model of transport suggest that the resting negative membrane potential of the cell, absent in detergent-solubilized samples, may stabilize vSGLT in an outward-open conformation where it is poised for binding external sugars. In total, these findings provide insights into ligand-induced conformational selection and delineate the transport cycle of vSGLT.
Social networked media (2011)

This paper provides an overview of major issues and challenges for social networked media, as presented during the keynote by the author at SBNMA: ACM Workshop on Social, Behavioural Networked Media Access.
Low-power skin welding by thulium (Tm:YAP) laser at 1980-nm (2009)

Laser skin welding is an invasive method of bonding skin tissues by temperature increase due to laser energy. In this study, a continuous-wave Tm:YAP laser at 1980 nm was designed as a versatile laser system for laser tissue welding. Due to higher water absorption near 1980 nm, lower power levels of Tm:YAP lasers (compared to smaller wavelength lasers) are enough for tissue welding and no solder is necessary to increase the absorption effect. This decreases the operation time and adverse effects due to solders. 2-mum lasers are also considered to be in the "eye-safe" region, which makes them more suitable for clinical applications.
Phthalate Esters Used as Plasticizers in Packed Red Blood Cell Storage Bags May Lead to Progressive Toxin Exposure and the Release of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines (2009)

Phthalate esters (PE's) are plasticizers used to soften PVC-based medical devices. PE's are the most abundant man-made pollutants and increase the risk of developing an allergic respiratory disease or a malignancy. The leaching of PE's in donated packed red blood cells (PRBC) during storage was assessed. PRBC transfusion bags containing CPD/AS-1 (ADSOL) buffer were analyzed. Samples were collected on storage day 1 and day 42. Two PE's, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was measured by standard ELISA techniques. DEHP significantly increased from 34.3 microM (+/-20.0 SD) on day 1 to 433.2 microM (+/-131.2 SD) on day 42, a 12.6-fold increase. Similarly, MEHP significantly increased from 3.7 microM (+/-2.8 SD) on day 1 to 74.0 microM (+/-19.1 SD) on day 42, a 20.2-fold increase. Also, DEHP and MEHP increased the release of IL-8 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The transfusion of older units of PRBC could lead to an accumulation of PE's possibly resulting in inflammation and other effects. This accumulation could be exacerbated due to the decreased metabolism of PE's since trauma patients have a lower esterase activity, the enzymes responsible for metabolizing PE's. The effect of oxidative stress caused by PE's is discussed as a potential mechanism for increases in inflammation caused by older units of PRBC.
Identifying aggressive prostate cancer foci using a DNA methylation classifier (2017)

Overall, this study provides molecular-based support for determining PC aggressiveness with the potential to impact clinical decision-making, such as targeted biopsy approaches for early diagnosis and active surveillance, in addition to focal therapy.
Achieving human and machine accessibility of cited data in scholarly publications (2014)

This short article provides operational guidance on implementing scholarly data citation and data deposition, in conformance with the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (JDDCP, http://force11.org/datacitation) to help achieve widespread, uniform human and machine accessibility of deposited data. The JDDCP is the outcome of a cross-domain effort to establish core principles around cited data in scholarly publications. It deals with important issues in identification, deposition, description, accessibility, persistence, and evidential status of cited data. Eighty-five scholarly, governmental, and funding institutions have now endorsed the JDDCP. The purpose of this article is to provide the necessary guidance for JDDCP-endorsing organizations to implement these principles and to achieve their widespread adoption.
Polyelectrolyte‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Positively Charged Alkynylplatinum(II)–Terpyridyl Complexes in Aqueous Media (2008)

Polyelectrolytes carrying multiple negative charges were found to induce the aggregation and self-assembly of the positively charged platinum(II)-terpyridyl complexes in aqueous media. The aggregation and self-assembly of the complexes were driven by electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the complex, and by terpyridine ligand pi-pi stacking and platinum-platinum (metal-metal) interactions. As a result, remarkable UV/Vis and emission spectral changes were observed. The spectroscopic property changes were related to the structural properties of the metal complexes as well as the polyelectrolytes. The induced self-assembly of the platinum complexes was also strongly affected by the solution properties of the aqueous media, for example, the solution pH, ionic strength, and the percentage of organic solvent added.
Complementary Technologies in the Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of Petal Color, Water Status, and Extraction Method on Qualitative Characteristics of Rosa rugosa Liqueur (2022)

Flowers of <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Thunb. are a rich source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant properties and are used for the production of jams, teas, juices, and wines. In the present paper, the petals of <i>R. rugosa</i> cv. Alba (white flowers) and Rubra (purple flowers) were evaluated for their morphological and phytochemical characteristics, and for the preparation of an alcoholic liqueur. In particular, the effect of two extraction procedures (conventional and maceration) of fresh and dry petals on the quality of a rose liqueur was determined. As expected, the concentration of the flower's bioactive compounds was affected by petal water content and by tested cultivars: dry petals showed higher total carotenoids and anthocyanins contents with respect to the fresh ones; cv. Rubra evidenced higher values compared to cv. Alba. As regards the quality of rose liqueur, the two petal extraction procedures did not affect the polyphenol content and higher values were recorded only on dry petals with respect to the fresh ones and, in particular, on those from cv. Rubra. The liqueur's flavonoid content was influenced by the petal extraction method, water content, and color as higher values were recorded on rose liqueur prepared after the maceration of cv. Rubra dry petals whereas lower values were observed on alcoholic drinks prepared after the conventional extraction of cv. Alba fresh petals. Our study shows that <i>R. rugosa</i> petals have a fair amount of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity, making them suitable for use in the beverage industry.
NASA web-accessible open Software as a Service framework (2009)

This paper discusses the modern approach of the implementation of Software as a Service (SaaS) for NASA as a way to reduce cost and increase efficiency. The grid XML datastore framework is an extension of SaaS framework based on eXtensible Database technology (XDB). This is implemented to support the Innovative Partnership Program (IPP) for its Technology Transfer System (NTTS) project.
Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion device with an ion source using a magnetron discharge (2005)

An inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion device is studied for a compact fusion neutron/proton source using a built-in magnetron ion source. The addition of an ion source to the IEC fusion device enhances fusion reactions by allowing a lower operating gas pressure and by providing a beam-like ion energy distribution. Under lower gas pressures, charge exchange collisions are reduced, resulting in longer ion lifetime and thus enhanced ion re-circulation. The performance characteristics of this IEC fusion device found in the experiments were compared with the numerical calculations and found qualitatively in good agreement. An improvement in normalized neutron yield (defined as neutron yield divided by the product of grid current and operating gas pressure), more than a factor of two, has been observed compared with the conventional glow-discharge driven IEC fusion device.
Emerging methods for the characterization of ischemic heart disease: ultrafast Doppler angiography, micro-CT, photon-counting CT, novel MRI and PET techniques, and artificial intelligence (2021)

After an ischemic event, disruptive changes in the healthy myocardium may gradually develop and may ultimately turn into fibrotic scar. While these structural changes have been described by conventional imaging modalities mostly on a macroscopic scale-i.e., late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in recent years, novel imaging methods have shown the potential to unveil an even more detailed picture of the postischemic myocardial phenomena. These new methods may bring advances in the understanding of ischemic heart disease with potential major changes in the current clinical practice. In this review article, we provide an overview of the emerging methods for the non-invasive characterization of ischemic heart disease, including coronary ultrafast Doppler angiography, photon-counting computed tomography (CT), micro-CT (for preclinical studies), low-field and ultrahigh-field MRI, and <sup>11</sup>C-methionine positron emission tomography. In addition, we discuss new opportunities brought by artificial intelligence, while addressing promising future scenarios and the challenges for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of cardiac imaging.
Internet Web resources for anti-tobacco advocacy. (1996)

The Internet has recently witnessed growth since it became accessible to the common user in 1990. It is becoming a valuable communications and information resource for the anti-tobacco movement. This article summarizes many valuable resources for the anti-tobacco activist to be found on the World Wide Web today.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Certain Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Polycyclic Heterocycles by the Reaction of Arynes Possessing Charged Groups with α‐Lithio‐α‐cyano‐o‐tolunitrile and α‐Lithio‐3‐thienylacetonitrile. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A poetic story: lessons learnt from the world's largest breast cancer window of opportunity study (2015)

Hormone sensitive breast cancer (BC) is a common disease in postmenopausal women. Generally seen as less aggressive than other BC subtypes patients have a continued risk of relapse for 15+ years (EBCTCG, 2011) thus the cumulative risk is not insubstantial. Efforts continue to identify patients who are at continued residual risk of relapse in order to develop new treatment strategies. Previous trials (IMPACT, 2007) suggested that aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment for 2 weeks in the peri-surgical window-of-opportunity results in detectable biomarker changes (Ki67) and predicts long term outcome. Gene expression profiling offers opportunities to identify patients demonstrating early resistance to endocrine therapy.

POETIC was a UK-wide RCT devised to provide definitive results on the role of perioperative (AI) treatment. Biopsies were taken at diagnosis and 2 weeks later at surgery thus allowing an in vivo assessment of AI sensitivity. To succeed, POETIC needed to overcome substantial barriers in relation to compliance with cancer wait times, recruitment of women at diagnosis, varied clinical practice and to ensure receipt of sufficient quality tissue samples for analysis of biomarker endpoints. Patient advocates were involved from inception.

POETIC succeeded in recruiting 4486 women from 130 UK centres. Paired tissue samples were received for 96% patients. Lessons learnt in rolling out the world's largest window-of-opportunity BC trial illustrate the viability and potential of this experimental model as a vehicle for testing early biological effects of novel agents and to identify women most likely to be at long term residual risk of relapse.
Nanoscale Magnetic Devices (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An automated pipeline for extracting histological stain area fraction for voxelwise quantitative MRI-histology comparisons (2022)

Abstract The acquisition of MRI and histology in the same post-mortem tissue sample enables direct correlation between MRI and histologically-derived parameters. However, there still lacks a standardised automated pipeline to process histology data, with most studies relying on heavy manual intervention. Here, we introduce an automated pipeline to extract a quantitative histological measure for staining density (stain area fraction) from multiple immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. The pipeline is designed to directly address key IHC artefacts related to tissue staining and slide digitisation. Here, the pipeline was applied to post-mortem human brain data from multiple subjects, relating MRI parameters (FA, MD, R2*, R1) to IHC slides stained for myelin, neurofilaments, microglia and activated microglia. Utilising high-quality MRI-histology coregistrations, we then performed whole-slide voxelwise comparisons (simple correlations, partial correlations and multiple regression analyses) between multimodal MRI- and IHC-derived parameters. The pipeline was found to be reproducible, robust to artefacts and generalisable across multiple IHC stains. Our partial correlation results suggest that some simple MRI-SAF correlations should be interpreted with caution, due to the co-localisation of certain tissue features (e.g. myelin and neurofilaments). Further, we find activated microglia to consistently be the strongest predictor of DTI FA, which may suggest sensitivity of diffusion MRI to neuroinflammation. Taken together, these results show the utility of this approach in carefully curating IHC data and performing multimodal analyses to better understand microstructural relationships with MRI.
Techniques for Quantifying Bacterially Induced Carbonate Mineralization inEscherichia coli (2022)

The lack of reliable techniques to accurately quantify bacterial carbonate production and a tractable genetic system limits our ability to thoroughly understand the metabolic basis for bacterial calcification. In this work, we demonstrate bacterially induced CaCO3 precipitation in the model organism, Escherichia coli K-12, and develop new quantitative methods for carbonate mineral production using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and an image analysis approach repurposed for agar cultures. These assays allowed us to assess the impact of various calcium sources and environmental factors on crystalline CaCO3 formation in E. coli. Our data demonstrate that Ca-acetate and Ca-succinate yield the greatest CaCO3 output in E. coli, while a preliminary study demonstrated microclimatic influences on crystal growth and size. This work helps lay the foundation for using E. coli as a model bacterial species to probe the genetic elements that promote calcification in Bacteria, with the potential to identify previously undescribed pathways for precipitation.
Dopamine Activation of an Orphan of the Steroid Receptor Superfamily (1991)

The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and participates in the regulation of several genes. While a number of functions have been ascribed to COUP-TF, no ligand or activator molecule has been identified, and thus it is classified as one of a group of orphan receptors. Activation of COUP-TF by physiological concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine was observed in transient transfection assays. Treatment of transfected cells with the dopamine receptor agonist alpha-ergocryptine also activated COUP-dependent expression of a reporter gene. COUP-TF that contained a deletion in the COOH-terminal domain was not activated by these compounds. These observations suggest that dopamine may be a physiological activator of COUP-TF.
Optimization of MEMS fabrication process design by virtual experiments (2006)

Fabrication processes for MEMS are characterized by a variety of different process technologies and materials. Unlike in microelectronics the fabrication process is relevant to all design stages within the design flow. Discovering the correct combination of process steps, materials and process parameters usually requires a large number of experiments. This paper presents a new software system that supports the MEMS designers in managing their process knowledge and in performing virtual experiments using SILVACO TCAD tools.
Proximity of lectin receptors on the cell surface measured by fluorescence energy transfer in a flow system. (1979)

Molecules of the lectin concanavalin A have been labeled separately with the fluorescein and rhodamine chromophores and jointly bound to the surface of transformed Friend erythroleukemia cells. The two dyes constitute an ideal donor-acceptor pair for fluorescence resonance energy transfer thereby permitting the determination of the proximity relationships between bound ligand molecules and the corresponding surface receptors. The transfer efficiency at saturation (about 57%) was measured in a multiparameter flow system using laser excitation at 488 nm and detection of fluorescein and rhodamine emission intensities as well as the emission anisotropy of the rhodamine fluorescence for each cell. The degree of energy transfer was estimated from the quenching of donor emission, the sensitization of acceptor emission, and the depolarization of acceptor fluorescence. The system has been modeled according to a formalism developed by Gennis and Cantor (Biochemistry 11: 2509, 1972). We estimate the separation between the surfaces of bound lectin molecules at saturation to be 0-40 A, a range possibly characteristic for micropatches induced by ligand binding.