gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Return Migration by German Guestworkers: Neoclassical versus New Economic Theories (2002)

Neoclassical economics and the new economics of labour migration posit very different motivations for international migration. The former assumes that people move abroad permanently to maximize lifetime earnings whereas the latter assumes they leave temporarily to overcome market deficiencies at home. As a result, the two models yield very different conceptualizations of return migration. We draw upon each theoretical model to derive predictions about how different variables are likely to influence the probability of return migration. We use data from the German Socio–economic Panel to test specific hypotheses derived from each model. Finding some support for both perspectives, we suggest that migrants may be heterogeneous with respect to their migratory motivations. If so, then parameters associated with the determinants of return migration in any population of international migration will reflect a blending of parameters associated with two distinct economic rationales. Equations estimated separately for remitting and non–remitting migrants lend support to this interpretation, meaning there may not be one unitary process of return migration, but several.
Patients’ adherence to artemisinin-based combination therapy and healthcare workers’ perception and practice in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR (2018)

Patient adherence to AL was high. The healthcare workers perceived that poor adherence was attributable to the patients, i.e., their poor understanding and illiteracy, which appeared to be related to linguistic differences. However, poor adherence also appeared to be attributable to the healthcare workers, who should tell patients of the importance of completing the AL regimen regardless of their improvement in physical condition and also confirm the patients' understanding of the instructions.
Discern--an integrated prospective decision support system. (1994)

We present a new integrated decision support tool, called Discern, for prospective case management within a comprehensive Healthcare Network Architecture (HNA). Discern is an event-driven, expert system tightly integrated into this architecture. It can perform a variety of actions including generating alerts, ordering tests, and entering results. Over 100 institutions use Discern to automate care processes. Discern was designed to meet the demanding requirements for effective decision support.
Molecular aspects of chemical mutagenesis in L5178Y/tk+/− mouse lymphoma cells (1990)

Southern blot analyses were performed on DNA from at least 10 large and 10 small colony thymidine kinase-deficient (tk -/-) mutants induced by each of 10 mutagens [2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine (AHA), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate, 2-acetylaminofluorene, methotrexate, caffeine, methapyrilene, 4-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfo-m-anisidide, hycanthone methanesulfonate and procarbazine]. Two molecular mutant genotypes were recognized upon digestion with NcoI and subsequent probing with a 1.1 kb cDNA insert from plasmid pMtk 4: (i) no detectable alteration, and (ii) the absence of the functional tkb allele as indicated by the absence of the 6.3 kb fragment. In combination with the previously established chromosomal nature of most small colony tk -/- mutants, this permitted the classification of these 10 mutagens according to the relative proportions of each of four classes of genetic damage they induced. AHA and EMS gave mutational spectra consistent with their point mutational effects in other systems. The other eight mutagens induced mostly small colony mutants, most of which had lost the entire original tkb allele. Methotrexate induced high frequencies of large colony mutants at the tk locus, most of which lacked the tkb allele, although it is weakly or non-mutagenic at the hemizygous hprt locus in these same cells. At least three of these mutagens-methotrexate, caffeine, methapyrilene (and possibly procarbazine)--lack structural alerts for DNA reactivity, implying a major class of non-DNA primary targets for mutagenicity in mammalian cells that interact secondarily with the chromosome. These results are discussed in relation to the known differences in sensitivity among various short-term tests for genotoxicity.
Computationally efficient interference detection in videokeratoscopy images (2008)

An optimal videokeratoscopic image presents a strong well-oriented pattern over the majority of the measured corneal surface. In the presence of interference, arising from reflections from eyelashes or tear film instability, the patternpsilas flow is disturbed and the local orientation of the area of interference is no longer coherent with the global flow. Detecting and analysing videokeratoscopic pattern interference is important when assessing tear film surface quality, break-up time and location as well as designing tools that provide a more accurate static measurement of corneal topography. In this paper a set of algorithms for detecting interference patterns in videokeratoscopic images is presented. First a frequency approach is used to subtract the background information from the oriented structure and then a gradient-based analysis is used to obtain the patternpsilas orientation and coherence. The proposed techniques are compared to a previously reported method based on statistical block normalisation and Gabor filtering. The results indicate that the proposed technique leads, in most cases: to a better videokeratoscopic interference detection system, that for a given probability of the useful signal detection (99.7%) has a significantly lower probability of false alarm, and at the same time is computationally much more efficient than the previously reported method.
Neuroanatomical algorithms for dendritic modelling (2002)

The complexity and variability of dendritic morphology constitutes a fascinating challenge to the investigation of the structure-activity-function relationship in the nervous system. Computational modelling has recently emerged as a powerful approach for the quantitative anatomical characterization of dendrites. The key idea is to design a stochastic algorithm to generate digital structures that are statistically indistinguishable from those of real neurons of a given morphological class. The set of parameters used by this algorithm would then constitute a complete and accurate description of that morphological class. We review the strengths and weaknesses of the major types of algorithms used to model dendrogram properties, including those based on branch diameter and on distance from the soma. We also describe some approaches to the simulation of dendritic orientation and three-dimensional geometry. Finally, we discuss the environmental influences on dendritic morphology (especially the presence of axons, other neurons, and anatomical boundaries) and thus the need to include models of the tissue volume in the algorithmic description of dendrites.
Easy Access to Medium Rings by Entropy/Strain Reduction. Part 3. Competition Between Dihydroazepine and Enamine Formation in Reaction of Tetrahalosubstituted Dibromides with Primary Amines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Macrotricyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Enzyme‐Analogous Activity (1981)

Reactions in presence of the low molecular weight, modifiable enzyme models (1) and (2) lead in some cases to surprising results. Thus, (1) inhibits the reaction of fluorodini-trobenzene with N, whereas (2) accelerates this reaction, as well as that of methyl iodide with N and the decomposition of erythro-(3).
INFLUENCE OF THE COBALT CONTENT IN HOT-PRESSED CEMENTED CARBIDES ON THE DEPOSITION OF LOW-PRESSURE DIAMOND LAYERS (1989)

Diamond coatings deposited on cemented carbide substrates are of interest for high-performance cutting of materials such as Al-Si alloys, cast iron, woods, timber, fiber reinforced plastics, etc. The formation of a continuous and adherent diamond layer on conventional cemented carbide alloys containing more than 5 weight % Co binder proved however to be difficult. Hot-pressed WC substrates with 0, 0.3, 1, 2 and 3 weight % Co were coated with diamond in order to examine the possible influence of Co. The deposition was carried out on polished surfaces using the hot filament assisted CVD method and H2 / CH4 gas mixtures. The deposits were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Co proved to exert a negative influence at the diamond/cemented carbide interface. Only on Co-free or low Co surfaces of cemented carbide substrates could continuous and adherent diamond layers be deposited.
New Universal Current‐Mode Filter Using Non‐Inverting Second‐Generation Current‐Conveyors (1994)

A new universal active current‐mode filter with single input and five outputs is presented. The proposed filter avoids the use of feedback in any part of the circuit and uses only one type of second‐generation current‐conveyors, grounded resistors, and grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can simultaneously realize lowpass, highpass, bandpass, allpass, and notch biquadratic filter functions.
Longitudinal Analysis of Memory B and T Cell Responses to Dengue Virus in a 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand (2019)

Prior exposure to dengue virus (DENV) has a profound impact on the outcome of infection, which varies according to the interval between infections. Antibodies secreted by B cells and cytokines secreted by T cells are thought to contribute both to protective immunity against DENV and the pathogenesis of dengue disease. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from Thai children over a 5-year prospective cohort study to define the dynamics of DENV-specific memory B and T cell responses and the impact of symptomatic or subclinical DENV infections. To measure B cell responses, PBMC were stimulated with IL-2 plus R848 and culture supernatants were tested for DENV-binding antibodies by ELISA. To measure T cell responses, PBMC were stimulated in dual-color ELISPOT assays with overlapping peptide pools of structural and non-structural proteins from the four DENV types. B cell responses were low to one or more DENV types prior to symptomatic infection and increased with reactivity to all four types after infection. Subjects who had a subclinical infection or who did not experience a DENV infection during the study period showed strong memory B cell responses to all four DENV types. T cell responses to DENV peptides demonstrated a cytokine hierarchy of IFN-γ > IL-2 > IFN-γ/IL-2. T cell responses were low or absent prior to secondary infections. The trends in T cell responses to DENV peptides over 3 year post-infection were highly variable, but subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV1 infection showed higher cytokine responses compared to subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV2 or subclinical infection. The longitudinal nature of our study demonstrates persistent memory B cell responses over years and a lasting but variable impact of secondary DENV infection on DENV-specific T cell responses.
Stimulatory and inhibitory regulation of calcium-activated potassium channels by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. (1992)

The regulation of membrane ion channels by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) has been described in numerous tissues. This regulation has been shown to involve the membrane-delimited stimulatory action of G proteins on ion channels. We now show that single calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa channels) in airway smooth muscle cells are both stimulated and inhibited by G proteins in membrane patches. We demonstrate that the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol stimulates channel activity via the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase, Gs, and that channel opening is inhibited by the action of the muscarinic agonist methacholine, acting via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Isoproterenol stimulated and methacholine inhibited channel activity in the same outside-out patches when GTP was present at the cytosolic surface of the patch. In inside-out patches, addition of GTP and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gamma S]) augmented channel activity when isoproterenol was included in the patch pipette, and inhibited channel activity when methacholine was included in the pipette. Consistent with these results, in the presence of GTP[gamma S], the alpha subunit of Gs (alpha s.GTP[gamma S] complex) opened KCa channels in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the presence of guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate, alpha s had no effect. By contrast, application of activated alpha i or alpha o proteins did not inhibit channel activity in inside-out patches, indicating that channel inhibition is more complex than a simple alpha subunit/channel interaction, similar to the complex inhibitory regulation of adenylyl cyclase. These results suggest that hormonal regulation of KCa channels shares substantial features with the regulation of adenylyl cyclase and demonstrate that a single ion channel may serve as the regulatory target for the membrane-delimited action of stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins. Moreover, they demonstrate a potentially important functional pathway by which beta-adrenergic and other Gs-linked receptors stimulate relaxation of smooth muscle, independent of cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation.
Correction: Dendritic Cell RIPK1 Maintains Immune Homeostasis by Preventing Inflammation and Autoimmunity (2018)

O’Donnell, J. A., J. Lehman, J. E. Roderick, D. Martinez-Marin, M. Zelic, C. Doran, N. Hermance, S. Lyle, M. Pasparakis, K. A. Fitzgerald, A. Marshak-Rothstein, and M. A. Kelliher. 2018. Dendritic cell RIPK1 maintains immune homeostasis by preventing inflammation and autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 200
Adaptive pulse-position modulation for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (2013)

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that exploit temporal correlation among entangled photons are of growing practical interest. In such systems, the observation time is typically partitioned into frames of fixed duration, with pulse-position modulation (PPM) coding used within each frame, via which a secret key is established between the parties. Such schemes can be very inefficient in their use of photons, since only a fraction of the frames can be used. As an alternative, we describe an efficient class of schemes with adaptive frame size whose performance can converge to the fundamental limit much more quickly. We analyze and compare the performances of both fixed and adaptive PPM schemes, taking into account photon transmission and detection losses. Further numerical results reveal the significant performance gain of adaptive PPM relative to fixed PPM.
Front Matter: Volume 9891 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9891, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Task Scheduling for GPU Heterogeneous Cluster (2012)

Modern GPUs are gradually used by more and more cluster computing systems as the high performance computing units due to their outstanding computational power, whereas bringing node-level architectural heterogeneity to cluster. In this paper, based on MPI and CUDA programming model, we aim to investigate task scheduling for GPU heterogeneous cluster by taking into account the node-level heterogeneous characteristics. At first, based on our GPU heterogeneous cluster, we classify executing tasks to six major classifications according to their parallelism degrees, input data sizes, and processing workloads. Then, aiming to realize optimal mapping between tasks and computing resources, a task scheduling strategy is presented. The strategy consists of two key algorithms. The first is packing task algorithm (PTA) used to pack multiple tasks into a single task, such packing provides us a way of task classification converting according to the characteristic of computing resources. The second is system-level scheduling algorithm(SLSA) used to distribute parallel and sequential tasks to corresponding nodes, to maintain the load balance.
"Süßwaren, Tapeten, Rossmann… Was ist der Maßstab für Geldbußen?" (2019)

Das OLG Dusseldorf hat vom BKartA verhangte Geldbusen im Beschwerdeverfahren z. T. stark erhoht. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben Prof. Dr. Hans Achenbach, Dr. Thorsten Mager und Prof. Dr. Konrad Ost ihre Auffassungen zum Masstab von Geldbusen im Kartellrecht im Rahmen der Podiumsdiskussion der 46. Brusseler Informationstagung des FIW vorgestellt. Fur die WuW haben Achenbach und Mager ihre Ansichten als kurze Stellungnahmen zusammengefasst. Die Langversionen der Beitrage erscheinen im Jahrbuch 2018 des FIW.
Reply to Oren et al., “New Phylum Names Harmonize Prokaryotic Nomenclature” (2022)

We thank Oren et al., 2022 (1) for providing the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) Executive Board's response to the recent opinion piece “Harmonizing Prokaryotic Nomenclature: Fixing the Fuss over Phylum Name Flipping” (2). &#13;\n&#13;\nHerein, we (a group of concerned microbiologists) offer several additional comments on the naming of prokaryotic phyla. Our concerns arise from the perception that the ICSP Executive Board is not directly addressing the plight of microbiologists around the world concerning the long-lasting confusion that the proposed phylum name changes will create throughout the scientific literature. Instead of selectively pointing out certain ICSP rules, we would have appreciated opening a door for a more inclusive discussion about the process of naming phyla. As previously stated (2), we are in favor of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) rules for the recognition of the rank of “phylum” and the usage of “-ota” as the suffix for naming phyla. However, we feel that the drastic name changes of six phyla at the prefix level will create significant dissonance and confusion between the old and new names when considering past and future publications.
Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Study Using Multi-Physics Internal Short-Circuit Model (2009)

This presentation outlines NREL's multi-physics simulation study to characterize an internal short by linking and integrating electrochemical cell, electro-thermal, and abuse reaction kinetics models.
Avaliação de Sistemas de Informação: Um Estudo em Organizações Hospitalares (2013)

Diante da demanda crescente por informações tempestivas e precisas que subsidiem o processo de tomada de decisões, os hospitais, que são organizações prestadoras de serviços de significativa complexidade, têm utilizado cada vez mais ferramentas como os Sistemas de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). No entanto, pesquisas têm apontado que nem sempre esses sistemas satisfazem as necessidades dos gestores hospitalares, sendo necessários processos avaliativos anteriores e posteriores à implementação de um SIH. O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma avaliação feita pelos usuários de SIH implantados em quatro hospitais da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, com o objetivo de verificar se atendem de forma satisfatória às necessidades informacionais dos gestores e se são adequados às particularidades dessas organizações. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos baseado em observação direta não participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. De um lado, os resultados revelam que todas as organizações pesquisadas apresentam dificuldades na utilização dos SIH, o que inclui problemas de acessibilidade, de realização de treinamento adequado e de subutilização do sistema. De outro lado, verificou-se que os hospitais obtiveram benefícios decorrentes da utilização dos SIH, dentre os quais estão a agilidade de processos e o controle informacional. Acredita-se que os resultados apresentados neste estudo contribuem para um melhor entendimento da avaliação de sistemas de informações hospitalares. Os gestores dessas organizações podem fazer uso destes resultados quando desejarem avaliar e aprimorar seus sistemas de informações.
Spectrographic Analysis of the Plasma Arc Generated within the Rimfire Gas Switch (2007)

Summary form only given. The University of Missouri-Columbia is currently utilizing a refurbished Proto II Marx bank provided by Sandia National Laboratory to conduct pulsed power research and investigate the Rimfire switch and issues that could potentially be influencing the lifetime of the switch housing. The Marx bank produces a voltage of 2 MV across the trigger section of the Rimfire gas switch, generating breakdown currents in excess of 500 kA. The interaction of the arc with the dielectric wall of the switch is being investigated to determine the effect of the UV on the switch lifetime. The UV flux generated by the plasma is thought to be either depositing charge on the walls of the plastic insulator or contributing to the aging of the switch's dielectric wall resulting in premature aging of the insulator. The arc spectrum has been characterized to identify electrode material ionization and byproducts, the arc spectrum, and the time resolved plasma temperature. A spectrographic analysis of the trigger-section of the RIMFIRE laser triggered gas switch used in Sandia National Laboratory's "Z-Machine" has been completed. The gas dielectric utilized in these tests was pressurized SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> and the electrode material was stainless steel. A spectrum range from 200 to 800 nanometers has been measured and will be reported.
ARAMIS: From systematic errors of NGS long reads to accurate assemblies (2021)

NGS long-reads sequencing technologies (or third generation) such as Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) have revolutionized the sequencing field over the last decade improving multiple genomic applications like de novo genome assemblies. However, their error rate, mostly involving insertions and deletions (indels), is currently an important concern that requires special attention to be solved. Multiple algorithms are available to fix these sequencing errors using short reads (such as Illumina), although they require long processing times and some errors may persist. Here, we present Accurate long-Reads Assembly correction Method for Indel errorS (ARAMIS), the first NGS long-reads indels correction pipeline that combines several correction software in just one step using accurate short reads. As a proof OF concept, six organisms were selected based on their different GC content, size and genome complexity, and their PacBio-assembled genomes were corrected thoroughly by this pipeline. We found that the presence of systematic sequencing errors in long-reads PacBio sequences affecting homopolymeric regions, and that the type of indel error introduced during PacBio sequencing are related to the GC content of the organism. The lack of knowledge of this fact leads to the existence of numerous published studies where such errors have been found and should be resolved since they may contain incorrect biological information. ARAMIS yields better results with less computational resources needed than other correction tools and gives the possibility of detecting the nature of the found indel errors found and its distribution along the genome. The source code of ARAMIS is available at https://github.com/genomics-ngsCBMSO/ARAMIS.git.
Theory of Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Surfactant Mixtures (1990)

The curvature elastic energy of bilayer vesicles formed by a mixture of two surfactants, which individually form either micelles or lamellar bilayer phases is described theoretically. In the limit of large bending elastic modulus K being much greater than the temperature T, the free energy is minimized by vesicles with different concentrations of the two surfactants in each monolayer of the bilayer. Vesicles are more stable than lameliar structures only when interactions or complexing of the two surfactants is taken into account.