gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Classification of Cerebral Arteries in MRA Images and Its Application to Maximum Intensity Projection (2006)

Detection of unruptured aneurysms is a major task in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). However, it is difficult for radiologists to detect small aneurysms on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images because adjacent vessels may overlap with the aneurysms. Therefore, we proposed a method for making a new MIP image, the SelMIP image, with the interested vessels only, as opposed to all vessels, by manually selecting a cerebral artery from a list of cerebral arteries recognized automatically. By using our new SelMIP viewing technique, the selected vessel regions can also be observed from various directions and would further facilitate the radiologists in detecting small aneurysms. For automated classification of cerebral arteries, two 3D images, a target image and a reference image, are compared. Image registration is performed using the global matching and feature correspondence techniques. Segmentation of vessels in the target image is performed using the thresholding and region growing techniques. The segmented vessel regions were classified into eight cerebral arteries by calculating the Euclidean distance between a voxel in the target image and each of the voxels in the labeled eight vessel regions in the reference image. In applying the automated cerebral arteries recognization algorithm to thirteen MRA studies, results of 10 MRA studies were evaluated as clinically acceptable. Our new viewing technique would be useful in assisting radiologists for detection of aneurysms and for reducing the interpretation time.
"Artificial enzyme" combining a metal catalytic group and a hydrophobic binding cavity (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Artificial enzyme" combining a metal catalytic group and a hydrophobic binding cavityRonald Breslow and Larry E. OvermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4, 1075–1077Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00707a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00707a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2505Altmetric-Citations290LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cavity ring down with optically coupled diode laser applied to ultra-sensitive atmospheric trace detection (2002)

Summary form only given. During the last three years of the 1990s we have been developing CW-cavity ring down spectroscopy using single mode distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers for application to trace gas detection. This technique relies on the measurement of the photon lifetime in a high finesse (F/spl sim/10.000) optical cavity. A difficult point in CW-CRDS is to perform the injection of the laser radiation (typical linewidth 10 MHz) into the narrow cavity resonances (typical linewidth 10 kHz). This has to be done while maintaining as high as possible a scanning rate of the laser frequency. Our approach is to develop optical servo-control of the laser to the cavity modes. By using optical feedback from a three mirrors cavity (V-cavity), we have shown efficient cavity injection and obtained atmospheric molecular spectra with a good repetition rate (5 Hz) and a detection limit better than 5.10/sup -8//cm.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Regulates Surface PD-L1 via CMTM6 and CMTM7 Induction in Breast Cancer (2021)

CMTM6 is a critical regulator of cell surface expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but little is known about the transcriptional regulation of CMTM6. Here we report that the expression of CMTM6 positively correlates with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) score in breast cancer cell lines and with the major EMT marker Vimentin in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We showed that CMTM6 is concomitantly overexpressed with PD-L1 in breast mesenchymal compared with the epithelial cells. Driving a mesenchymal phenotype in SNAI1-inducible MCF-7 cells (MCF-7<sup>Mes</sup> cells) increased both PD-L1 and CMTM6. CMTM6 silencing in MCF-7<sup>Mes</sup> cells partially reduced cell surface expression of PD-L1, indicating that a proportion of the PD-L1 on the surface of MCF-7<sup>Mes</sup> cells depends on CMTM6. We also found a positive correlation between CMTM3 and CMTM7 expression with EMT score in breast cancer cells, and with Vimentin in TNBC patients. Dual knockdown of CMTM6 and CMTM7 significantly decreased PD-L1 surface expression in MCF-7<sup>Mes</sup> cells, indicating that both CMTM6 and CMTM7 regulate the expression of PD-L1. This study highlights the importance of CMTM6 and CMTM7 in EMT-induced PD-L1 and suggests that EMT, CMTM6 or CMTM7 modulators can be combined with anti-PD-L1 in patients with highly aggressive breast cancer.
Novel Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene–Benzothiadiazole Derivatives with Variable Side Chains for High‐Performance Solar Cells (2011)

Low bandgap copolymers are prepared by incorporating thiophene-modified benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene and alkyloxy or fluorine-modified benzothiadiazole as donor and acceptor units. These copolymers exhibit a high open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density. Good power conversion efficiencies are demonstrated in solar cell studies, indicating their promising photovoltaic application as donor materials. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ultra-coherent fundamental mode mechanical resonators designed using topology optimization (2021)

Topology optimization has been used to optimize the quality factor × frequency product of the fundamental mode of silicon nitride based membranes. A factor of 2.5 enhancement was experimentally demonstrated, showing the potential for topology optimization to revolutionize designs of membranes.
Enhanced ECR ion source performance with an electron gun (1991)

An electron gun for the advanced electron cyclotron resonance (AECR) source has been developed to increase the production of high charge state ions. The AECR source, which operates at 14 GHz, is being developed for the 88-in. cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The electron gun injects 10 to 150 eV electrons into the plasma chamber of the AECR. With the electron gun the AECR has produced at 10 kV extraction voltage 131 e μA of O7+, 13 e μA of O8+, 17 e μA of Ar14+, 2.2 e μA of Kr25+, 1 e μA of Xe31+, and 0.2 e μA of Bi38+. The AECR was also tested as a single stage source with a coating of SiO2 on the plasma chamber walls. This significantly improved its performance compared to no coating, but direct injection of electrons with the electron gun produced the best results.
Borrelia burgdorferi Requires the Alternative Sigma Factor RpoS for Dissemination within the Vector during Tick-to-Mammal Transmission (2012)

While the roles of rpoS(Bb) and RpoS-dependent genes have been studied extensively within the mammal, the contribution of the RpoS regulon to the tick-phase of the Borrelia burgdorferi enzootic cycle has not been examined. Herein, we demonstrate that RpoS-dependent gene expression is prerequisite for the transmission of spirochetes by feeding nymphs. RpoS-deficient organisms are confined to the midgut lumen where they transform into an unusual morphotype (round bodies) during the later stages of the blood meal. We show that round body formation is rapidly reversible, and in vitro appears to be attributable, in part, to reduced levels of Coenzyme A disulfide reductase, which among other functions, provides NAD+ for glycolysis. Our data suggest that spirochetes default to an RpoS-independent program for round body formation upon sensing that the energetics for transmission are unfavorable.
Convolution shadow maps (2007)

We present Convolution Shadow Maps, a novel shadow representation that affords efficient arbitrary linear filtering of shadows. Traditional shadow mapping is inherently non-linear w.r.t. the stored depth values, due to the binary shadow test. We linearize the problem by approximating shadow test as a weighted summation of basis terms. We demonstrate the usefulness of this representation, and show that hardware-accelerated anti-aliasing techniques, such as tri-linear filtering, can be applied naturally to Convolution Shadow Maps. Our approach can be implemented very efficiently in current generation graphics hardware, and offers real-time frame rates.
Revealing dynamic processes in laser powder bed fusion with in situ X-ray diffraction at PETRA III (2022)

The high flux combined with the high energy of the monochromatic synchrotron radiation available at modern synchrotron facilities offers vast possibilities for fundamental research on metal processing technologies. Especially in the case of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing technology for the manufacturing of complex-shaped metallic parts, in situ methods are necessary to understand the highly dynamic thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical processes involved in the creation of the parts. At PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, a customized LPBF system featuring all essential functions of an industrial LPBF system, is used for in situ x-ray diffraction research. Three use cases with different experimental setups and research questions are presented to demonstrate research opportunities. First, the influence of substrate pre-heating and a complex scan pattern on the strain and internal stress progression during the manufacturing of Inconel 625 parts is investigated. Second, a study on the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 reveals the formation and dissolution of γ' precipitates depending on the scan pattern in different part locations. Third, phase transitions during melting and solidification of an intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy are examined, and the advantages of using thin platelet-shaped specimens to resolve the phase components are discussed. The presented cases give an overview of in situ x-ray diffraction experiments at PETRA III for research on the LPBF technology and provide information on specific experimental procedures.
Compressed sensing of spatial electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (2013)

A novel 3D EPRI reconstruction using compressed sensing was developed and offers superior SNR and reduced artifacts from highly undersampled data.
A Novel Four-Level Converter and Instantaneous Switching Angle Detector for High Speed SRM Drive (2007)

A novel four-level converter and instantaneous switching angle detector for a high speed switched reluctance motor are proposed. Since the excitation time is very short compared to the general speed range of a high speed drive, the excitation current can not be built-up sufficiently. Also, the demagnetization current can be easily extended to the negative torque region. To obtain a fast current buildup and suitable demagnetization, a novel four-level converter is proposed. The proposed converter has an additional charge capacitor and an active power switch compared to a conventional asymmetric converter. The high voltage of the additional capacitor is applied to the phase winding in the fast excitation mode and the phase current is rapidly decreased during the recharging of capacitor in demagnetization mode. In addition, an instantaneous switching angle detector separated by main digital controller is designed for precise switching angle control. During high speed operation, rotor position error increases due to the constant sampling period of digital controller. The proposed instantaneous switching angle detector operates with optical encoders pulse and pre-set switching position regardless of sampling time. So, it determines the precise switching pattern without time delay from sampling time. The proposed high speed control system is verified by computer simulation and experimental results.
The full penetration hole as a stochastic process: controlling penetration depth in keyhole laser-welding processes (2012)

Although laser-welding processes are frequently used in industrial production the quality control of these processes is not satisfactory yet. Until recently, the “full penetration hole” was presumed as an image feature which appears when the keyhole opens at the bottom of the work piece. Therefore it was used as an indicator for full penetration only. We used a novel camera based on “cellular neural networks” which enables measurements at frame rates up to 14 kHz. The results show that the occurrence of the full penetration hole can be described as a stochastic process. The probability to observe it increases near the full penetration state. In overlap joints, a very similar image feature appears when the penetration depth reaches the gap between the sheets. This stochastic process is exploited by a closed-loop system which controls penetration depth near the bottom of the work piece (“full penetration”) or near the gap in overlap joints (“partial penetration”). It guides the welding process at the minimum laser power necessary for the required penetration depth. As a result, defects like spatters are reduced considerably and the penetration depth becomes independent of process drifts such as feeding rate or pollution on protection glasses.
The Human Body Characteristics as a Signal Transmission Medium for Intrabody Communication (2007)

The human body characteristics as a signal transmission medium are studied for the application to intrabody communication. The measurements of the body channel cover the frequency range from 100 kHz to 150 MHz and the distance on the body up to 1.2 m. A distributed RC model is developed to analyze the large variation of the channel properties according to the frequency and channel length. The simulation results using the channel model match well with the measurements in both the frequency and time domains. The effect of the ground plane to the body channel transceivers is also investigated and an empirical formula for the minimum ground size is obtained. Finally, the amount of the electromagnetic radiation due to the body antenna effect is measured. With regards to the Federal Communications Commission regulations, the proper frequency range for the intrabody communication is determined to satisfy given bit error rate requirements
A high-resolution membrane probe (1990)

Labeling the lipids of membranes for E.M. is frequently done by using radioactive phospholipids. Membrane dynamics can then be followed by autoradiography. Unfortunately, it takes approximately 6 months to expose the emulsion due to the low specific activity of the labels. Also, the resolution is limited to about 0.2 μm by this technique. An alternative is to develop a phospholipid-like molecule that is electron dense and could be visualized directly. Several such molecules have been synthesized and one is shown in Fig. 1. They have a phosphotungstate “head” group that has a 4 (-) charge and is hydrophilic and an aliphatic “tail” of varying length that is hydrophobic. The tungstate cluster contains 11 tungsten atoms in the “Keggin” structure with a 1.0 nm diameter and has previously been studied in the electron microscope. It was shown to be almost completely resistant to beam induced mass loss.
TGF-β induces changes in breast cancer cell deformability (2018)

Mechanical properties of cells are shown to regulate cell behaviors leading to phenotypic changes that may aid in the development and progression of disease. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation with a spherical probe to characterize the elastic and viscoelastic properties of invasive (MDA-MB-231) and noninvasive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). We also used confocal fluorescence imaging to investigate the sub-membrane cytoskeletal structure of the cells. Results showed significant alterations in moduli of both cell types after 24 h TGF-β treatment which had a context dependent response; moduli for MDA-MB-231 decreased whereas MCF-7 demonstrated stiffening response. Stress relaxation tests showed increased fluid-like nature of MDA-MB-231 following TGF-β treatment and lower fluidity for MCF-7 cells. We also observed significant alterations in the expression and orientation of actin stress fibers with TGF-β treatment which correlated with the changes in cell mechanics. Less invasive MCF-7 cells had a delayed overall increase in cell deformability after 48 h exposure to TGF-β; a similar trend was observed for MDA-MB cells. These changes may be important to facilitate migration, for instance, during metastasis of cancer cells through submicron sized spaces.
Intraoperative angiography via popliteal artery access for spinal neurovascular lesions: an institutional experience and systematic review (2023)

We report the safety and feasibility of transpopliteal access for intraoperative DSA in the prone position in four cases in addition to 16 previously reported cases in the literature. Our case series highlights popliteal artery access as an alternative to transfemoral or transradial access in this setting.
BIOMECHANICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OF TWO TECHNIQUES FOR STABILIZATION OF SUICIDAL JUMPER'S FRACTURE (2012)

Background The suicidal jumper9s fracture of the pelvis is a special form of sacrum fractures associated with high energy trauma. The typical H-type fracture pattern runs transforaminal on both sides with a connecting transverse component between S1 and S3. Due to the high-grade instability operative treatment is imperative. Aim of this study was to compare iliosacral double screwing (2×7,3mm canulated screw with 16mm thread) with spinopelvic internal fixation. Methods Both methods were tested on 6 synthetic and 6 anatomical pelvises. After osteotomy and alternating osteosynthesis stability was tested with a universal testing machine (Zwick) in a simulated two-leg stand. Data were generated by a 3-dimensional computer-assisted ultrasoundsystem (Zebris©) (3 translational datasets x,y,z and 3 ankles). Testing was performed after preload of 50N and two setting cycles of 100N followed by a full load cycle of 150N. ASCII-data were then transferred to SPSS for statistical analysis. Results Both experimental series showed similar results. There was a tendancy of less displacement when iliosacral screwing was performed. However, no statistical significance could be observed between both techniques. Discussion Although the spinopelvic internal fixation is a more rigid system, the double screwing may compensate this as it interacts in the center of the fracture. We therefore think that iliosacral double screwing is an appropriate technique for stabilisation of this special fracture type. The possibility of percutaneous osteosynthesis and of its performance in a supine position, this procedure provides essential advantages for the operative treatment of polytraumatized patients.
Markov Mixed Effects Modeling Using Electronic Adherence Monitoring Records Identifies Influential Covariates to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis (2016)

Adherence is a major factor in the effectiveness of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. Modeling patterns of adherence helps to identify influential covariates of different types of adherence as well as to enable clinical trial simulation so that appropriate interventions can be developed. We developed a Markov mixed-effects model to understand the covariates influencing adherence patterns to daily oral PrEP. Electronic adherence records (date and time of medication bottle cap opening) from the Partners PrEP ancillary adherence study with a total of 1147 subjects were used. This study included once-daily dosing regimens of placebo, oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and TDF in combination with emtricitabine (FTC), administered to HIV-uninfected members of serodiscordant couples. One-coin and first- to third-order Markov models were fit to the data using NONMEM<sup>®</sup> 7.2. Model selection criteria included objective function value (OFV), Akaike information criterion (AIC), visual predictive checks, and posterior predictive checks. Covariates were included based on forward addition (α = 0.05) and backward elimination (α = 0.001). Markov models better described the data than 1-coin models. A third-order Markov model gave the lowest OFV and AIC, but the simpler first-order model was used for covariate model building because no additional benefit on prediction of target measures was observed for higher-order models. Female sex and older age had a positive impact on adherence, whereas Sundays, sexual abstinence, and sex with a partner other than the study partner had a negative impact on adherence. Our findings suggest adherence interventions should consider the role of these factors.
Abstract 14140: Coronary Artery Calcium and the Sex-Specific Competing Risk of Cardiovascular versus Cancer Mortality: The CAC Consortium (2019)

Introduction: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a predictor of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, which are the two leading causes of death worldwide. While age and sex specific CAC value...
Association analysis of the IGF1 gene with childhood growth, IGF-1 concentrations and type 1 diabetes (2008)

Common genetic variation in IGF1 alters IGF-1 concentrations but is not associated with growth, glucose metabolism or type 1 diabetes.
Improved wide-band Schiffman phase shifter (2006)

In this paper, one improved wide-band Schiffman phase shifter is presented by modifying the ground plane underneath the coupled lines. In this new design, with the ground plane under the coupled lines removed, the even-mode impedance will be increased substantially. Meanwhile, we propose that one additional isolated rectangular conductor is placed under the coupled lines to act as one capacitor so that the odd-mode impedance is decreased. The proposed new design was simulated by the full-wave electromagnetic software IE3D and validated by the measurement. Compared with the cascading microstrip multisection coupled-line configuration, our newly proposed planar one with a patterned ground plane is small in size and, meanwhile, has a good performance. As an example, one Schiffman phase shifter on a double-sided printed circuit board is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured amplitude and phase imbalance between the two paths are within 0.5 dB and 5/spl deg/, respectively, over the frequency band from 1.5 to 3.1 GHz, or around 70% bandwidth. The measured return loss is found to be better than -12 dB over the operating frequency band.