gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 41: Comprehensive Plasma Metabolomic Risk Scores to Predict Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events (2023)

Introduction: Integrating multiple metabolomics signatures related to coronary heart disease (CHD) into a metabolomic risk score (MRS) may contribute to improving the risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors, although applications of the MRS remain underdetermined, especially in people at usual risk. Hypothesis: We analyzed associations of plasma metabolites with the risk of CHD to develop MRS for predicting risk of incident CHD by incorporating comprehensive metabolic pathways among women at usual risk from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). We also tested whether changes in CHD-related plasma metabolites were associated with significant reductions in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores among participants in the POUNDS Lost trial. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed to measure plasma metabolites at baseline in a prospective nested case-control of 762 incident cases of CHD (fatal CHD and nonfatal myocardial infarction) and 762 matched controls identified over 10-14 years of follow-up time in NHS. An MRS of CHD risk was created based on metabolites that were selected through conditional logistic regression with the elastic net procedure. The POUNDS Lost trial included adults with overweight/obesity who consumed weight-loss diets with different macronutrient intakes. We measured untargeted plasma metabolomics signatures at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years to calculate changes in response to the dietary interventions. The primary outcome in the POUNDS Lost trial was the reduction of 10-year ASCVD risk scores calculated by the validated pooled cohort equations. Results: Various plasma metabolites (such as gut-microbiota-related and others in the pathways of ceramides, phospholipids, and polyamine metabolism) were associated with the risk of incident CHD ( P FDR &lt;0.05). We developed MRS for CHD combining 122 metabolites and found that the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with 11.3 times (95% CI: 6.88, 18.6) higher risk of CHD, as compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), even after adjusting for covariates including common CHD risk factors (such as a family history of MI, lifestyle factors, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). Every 1 SD increment of MRS was associated with an adjusted RR of 3.23 (95% CI 2.62, 3.97) for CHD events. In the POUNDS Lost, diet-intervention-induced changes in CHD-related metabolites, particularly those in ceramide pathways, were significantly associated with reductions in the ASCVD risk score at 6 months and 2 years. Conclusions: Comprehensive metabolomic scores were strongly related to the risk of incident CHD among women without prior CHD. Dietary interventions may modify the unfavorable relations between CHD-risk-related metabolites and ASCVD risk. Further studies in other populations are warranted to validate the performance of MRS in predicting ASCVD events.
Substrate-Binding Ligand Approach in Chemical Modeling of Copper-Containing Monooxygenases, 1 Intramolecular Stereoselective Oxygen Atom Insertion into a Non-Activated C–H Bond (2000)

We describe the reactivity of new copper AlkylPY2 type complexes which react with dioxygen and thus hydroxylate an aliphatic C–H bond of the ligand in the same manner as copper-containing monooxygenases.
Frequency-modulated comb LIDAR (2019)

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave LIDAR (FMCW LIDAR) has been widely used for both scientific and industrial tools. Here, in this report, a new class of LIDAR technique based on an optical frequency comb, named frequency-modulated comb LIDAR (FMcomb LIDAR), is proposed. Instead of using one carrier such as FMCW LIDAR, the multiple carriers from an optical frequency comb are used in FMcomb LIDAR. Because of the correlation between comb modes, each frequency-scanned comb mode can be coherently stitched, thus allowing for a resolution equivalent to scanning by many comb modes while scanning only by the comb mode spacing. In a proof-of-concept experiment, three comb modes from an electro-optic frequency comb (EO comb) are coherently stitched, showing Fourier-transform limited resolution (defined as FWHM linewidth) of 10 ps (i.e., 1.5 mm in air) for about 65 ns delay. The obtained resolution is three-times higher than that of conventional FMCW LIDAR when the same scan range is considered.
Self-Aligned Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Varactors Based on the AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure (2019)

The self-aligned metal-semiconductor-metal (SA-MSM) structure was utilized to fabricate varactors on top of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The SA-MSM structure minimizes the access resistance associated with 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), resulting in the significantly improved cutoff frequency. Conventional MSM varactors have essentially the same cutoff frequency, regardless of the device width. On the other hand, the SA-MSM varactors require the optimum device width to obtain the maximum cutoff frequency which has been achieved with the device width of 20 μm in this study. The fabricated SA-MSM varactors exhibit the extrapolated cutoff frequency of 1.96 THz and a capacitance switching ratio of 2.51.
Sensor arrays for fully-electronic DNA detection on CMOS (2002)

A 16×8 DNA sensor array chip with fully electronic readout is based on an extended CMOS process. Requirements concerning the integration of bio-compatible interface-, sensor- and transducer-materials into a standard-CMOS-environment and circuitry design issues are discussed.
Run-time Adaptation to Heterogeneous Processing Units for Real-time Stereo Vision (2012)

Today's systems from smartphones to workstations are becoming increasingly parallel and heterogeneous: Processing units not only consist of more and more identical cores - furthermore, systems commonly contain either a discrete general-purpose GPU alongside with their CPU or even integrate both on a single chip. To benefit from this trend, software should utilize all available resources and adapt to varying configurations, including different CPU and GPU performance or competing processes. This paper investigates parallelization and adaptation strategies applied to the example application of dense stereo vision, which forms a basis i.a. for advanced driver assistance systems, robotics or gesture recognition and represents a broad range of similar computer vision methods. For this problem, task-driven as well as data element- and data flow-driven parallelization approaches are feasible. To achieve real-time performance, we first utilize data element-parallelism individually on each device. On this basis, we develop and implement strategies for cooperation between heterogeneous processing units and for automatic adaptation to the hardware available at run-time. Each approach is described concerning i.a. the propagation of data to processors and its relation to established methods. An experimental evaluation with multiple test systems reveals advantages and limitations of each strategy.
An Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor–Membrane Distillation System for Simultaneous Wastewater Reuse and Seawater Desalination: Performance and Implications (2017)

In this study, we demonstrate the potential of an osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR)-membrane distillation (MD) hybrid system for simultaneous wastewater reuse and seawater desalination. A stable OMBR water flux of approximately 6 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> was achieved when using MD to regenerate the seawater draw solution. Water production by the MD process was higher than that from OMBR to desalinate additional seawater and thus account for draw solute loss due to the reverse salt flux. Amplicon sequencing on the Miseq Illumina platform evidenced bacterial acclimatization to salinity build-up in the bioreactor, though there was a reduction in the bacterial community diversity. In particular, 18 halophilic and halotolerant bacterial genera were identified with notable abundance in the bioreactor. Thus, the effective biological treatment was maintained during OMBR-MD operation. By coupling biological treatment and two high rejection membrane processes, the OMBR-MD hybrid system could effectively remove (>90%) all 30 trace organic contaminants of significant concern investigated here and produce high quality water. Nevertheless, further study is necessary to address MD membrane fouling due to the accumulation of organic matter, particularly protein- and humic-like substances, in seawater draw solution.
Physical meaning of ΔKRP and assessment of fatigue crack propagation life for structures (1996)

In the previous paper, we showed that logarithmic curve of da/dNΔKRP was linear even in the range of stage I as well as stage II of a long crack. Moreover we developed the simulation model of fatigue crack opening and closing phenomena in an arbitrary stress distribution field for the purpose of obtaining RPG load. By using the simulation model, effects of stress ratio and delayed retardation on fatige crack propagation are quantitatively assessed.In this paper, for the purpose of understanding the physical meaning of ΔKRP, the relation between ΔKRP and the zone size (ω) which is smaller size between tensile plastic zone at maximum load and compressive plastic zone at minimum load in one loading cycle is investigated by using the simulation model. As a result, it becomes clear that ΔKRP represents indirectory the zone size 63 recieving fatigue damage ahead of a crack.On the other hand, the equivalent distribution stress is introduced for the estimation of fatigue crack propagation life in complex elements, which is difined as stress distribution in an infinitely wide plate giving the same K value in the elements. Then fatigue life is assessed by using the simulation program inputting the equivalent distribution stress. Estimated fatigue life is good agreement with experimental one under constant amplitude loadings and storm model loadings. However estimated fatigue life is longer than experimental one under overload condition.
Effects of weekly blood collection in C57BL/6 mice. (2011)

We assessed hematologic recovery, body weight, and behavior after serial blood collection in 10- to 14-wk-old C57BL/6 mice. Male and female mice (5 to 11 mice for pilot groups, 23 to 35 mice for full study groups) had either 15%, 20%, or 25% of their estimated total blood volume (TBV) collected once weekly for 6 wk. Except for those of the 25% TBV male pilot group, the weights of all mice recovered or increased from one collection to the next. The behavior of all mice, with the exception of the 25% TBV male pilot group, appeared normal throughout the study. Erythrogram value changes from baseline were analyzed at each weekly blood collection. Recovery was defined as the return of mean hemoglobin values to within 2 SD of mean baseline values. According to this definition, mice in the 15% TBV male group and 15%, 20%, and 25% TBV female groups recovered hematologically. To support the statistical definition of recovery, we compared our data with human anemia categories to assess the clinical relevance of the mouse hemoglobin values. On the basis of these data, we conclude that as much as 25% TBV can be collected once weekly from female mice for 6 wk and as much as 15% TBV can be collected once weekly from male mice for 6 wk without producing weight loss, behavioral changes, or clinically significant anemia.
Design and performance analysis of oriented feature detectors (2007)

Oriented feature detectors are fundamental tools in image understanding, as many images display information of interest in the form of oriented features. Several oriented feature detectors have been developed; some of the important families of oriented feature detectors are steerable filters and Gabor filters. In this work, design criteria and performance analysis are presented for the following oriented feature detectors: the Gaussian second-derivative steerable filter; the quadrature-pair Gaussian second-derivative steerable filter; the real Gabor filter; the complex Gabor filter; and a line operator that has been shown to outperform the Gaussian second-derivative steerable filter in the detection of curvilinear structures in mammograms. The detectors are assessed in terms of their capability to detect the presence of oriented features as well as their accuracy in the estimation of the angle of the oriented features present in test images. It is shown that the real Gabor filter yields the best detection performance and angular accuracy, whereas the line operator and the steerable filter provide an advantage in terms of computational speed.
High-speed and robust infrared-guiding multiuser eye localizationsystem for autostereoscopic display (2020)

In order to localize the viewers' eyes, a high-speed and robust infrared-guiding multiuser eye localization system was fabricated in this paper for a binocular autostereoscopic display, which can project a pair of parallax images to corresponding eyes. The system is composed of a low-resolution thermal infrared camera, a pair of high-resolution left and right visible spectral cameras, and an industrial computer. The infrared camera and the left visible spectral camera, and the left and right visible spectral camera, can both form the binocular vision system. The thermal infrared camera can capture the thermography images. The left and right visible spectral cameras can capture the left and right visible spectral images, respectively. Owing to the temperature difference between the face and background, the features of the face in thermography images are prominent. We use the YOLO-V3 neural network to detect the viewers' faces in thermography images. Owing to the different features of the pseudo and real faces in the infrared spectral, in the thermography images, the pseudo-faces can be easily eliminated. According to the positions and sizes of potential bounding boxes of the detected faces in the thermography images, the industrial computer can be guided to determine the left candidate regions in the left visible spectral image. Then, the industrial computer can determine the right candidate regions in the right visible spectral image. In the left candidate regions, the industrial computer detects the faces and localize the eyes by using the SeetaFace algorithm. The template matching is performed between the left and right candidate regions to calculate the accurate distance between the viewer and the system. The average detection time of the proposed method is about 3-8 ms. Compared with traditional methods, the localization time is improved by 86.7%-90.1%. Further, the proposed method is hardly influenced by the pseudo-faces and the strong ambient light.
Proof-of-concept demonstration of an all-optical de-multiplexer using III&#x2013;V/SOI microdisk resonator fabricated in a CMOS pilot line (2011)

We present a proof-of-concept demonstration of all-optical de-multiplexing of a non-return-to zero 10Gbps data controlled by 2.5GHz clock in an ultra-small III-V-on-silicon microdisk fabricated in a CMOS pilot line.
[Study of liver function in babies with atopic dermatitis by using 13C-methacetin breath test]. (1992)

We measured serum GOT levels in babies with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Two hundred and fourteen babies (133 male, 18 female, under 2 years of age) who first visited the Department of Allergy in the National Children's Hospital were examined. Their serum GOT levels were higher than normal; the younger they were, the higher the serum GOT levels were. We carried out the 13-methacetin breath test (MBT) on 11 babies with atopic dermatitis and high serum GOT levels as well as 5 normal babies to estimate their hepatic microsomal function. 13C-methacetin was administered (0.5 mg/kg) orally, and breath was collected at 30 minutes before and immediately before administration. After administration it was collected at 15 minute intervals for the first hour and 45 minute intervals for 90 consecutive minutes afterwards. The level of 13CO2 in their breath was determined with a mass spectrometer. The peak level of 13CO2 excretion (%dose/hr) in the atopic babies with high serum GOT levels was lower and the time required for 13CO2 excretion to reach its maximum level was longer than in normal babies. Also their 13CO2 clearance rate (%/hr) was lower. These results suggested that there was some relationship between atopic dermatitis and liver dysfunction in babies.
Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures (2015)

The increased use of inhaled nicotine via e-cigarettes has unknown risks to lung health. Having previously shown that cigarette smoke (CS) extract disrupts the lung microvasculature barrier functio...
The design of mobile robot control system for the aged and the disabled (2017)

This paper designs a control system of mobile robot for the aged and the disabled, which consists of two main parts: human-computer interaction and drive control module. The data of the two parts is transferred via universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter. In the former part, the speed and direction information of the mobile robot is obtained by hall joystick. In the latter part, the electronic differential algorithm is developed to implement the robot mobile function by driving two-wheel motors. In order to improve the comfort of the robot when speed or direction is changed, the least squares algorithm is used to optimize the speed characteristic curves of the two motors. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the designed system.
EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: unravelling pathogenesis (2004)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that adheres to intestinal epithelial cells, causing diarrhoea. It constitutes a significant risk to human health and remains an important cause of infant mortality in developing countries. Although EPEC was the first E. coli strain to be implicated in human disease in the 1940s and 1950s, the mechanisms by which this pathogen induced diarrhoea remained a complete mystery throughout most of the 40 years since its description. It was only during the late 1980s that major advances were made in unravelling the mechanisms behind EPEC pathogenesis. Ever since, progress has been made at a stunning pace and there have been major breakthroughs in identifying the bacterial factors involved in attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion formation, host signal transduction pathways in response to EPEC infection and the genetic basis of EPEC pathogenesis. The rapid pace of discovery is a result of intensive research by investigators in this field and portends that EPEC will soon be among one of the most understood diarrhoea-causing infectious agents. This review aims to trace the progress of EPEC research since its existence was first reported by John Bray in 1945, highlighting the major findings that have revolutionised our understanding of EPEC pathogenesis.
Designmethoden für kryptographische Schnittstellen und deren Subsysteme (1994)

In diesem Papier werden Entwurfsmethoden für kryptographische Schnittstellen und ihre Subsysteme untersucht. Das Hauptinteresse gilt dem Key-management und insbesondere der Zugriffskontrolle für Schlüssel. Zu deren Realisierung wird ein Konzept beschrieben. Dessen Verwendung bei Schlüsseltransport und -kontrolle in Fremdsystemen wird erörtert. Anforderungen aus dem Ziel einer offenen Kommunikation sowie der Unterstützung spezifischer Eigenschaften von Anwendungen werden untersucht. Die Charakteristika wichtiger kryptographischer Systeme bezüglich der hier betrachteten Eigenschaften werden zusammengefaßt. Zur Illustration wird eine Kryptoschnittstelle für generische Sicherheitsdienste skizziert.
Integrating a next-generation optical access network testbed into a large-scale virtual research testbed (2015)

Several experimental research networks have been created in the laboratories of prominent universities and research centres to assess new optical communication technologies. A greater value and research impact can be obtained from these testbeds by making them available to other researchers through research infrastructure federations such as GENI and/or FIRE. This is a challenging task due to the limitations of programmability of resource management and virtualisation software in most experimental optical networks. Fed4FIRE is an EU research project that makes it possible to create complex testbed scenarios that interconnect heterogeneous testbeds distributed physically all over the world. In this paper, we present a practical approach for the federation of a next-generation optical access testbed created at Stanford University called UltraFlow Access. That testbed offers its users both packet-switched and circuit-switched services while remaining compatible with conventional PONs. Our approach facilitates experimentation on the UltraFlow Access testbed in the context of large virtual testbeds using Fed4FIRE protocols.
Excel 2007 Charts (2008)

Excel, the top number-crunching tool, now offers a vastly improved charting function to help you give those numbers dimension and relativity. John Walkenbach, a.k.a. Mr. Spreadsheet, clearly explains all these charting features and shows you how to choose the right chart for your needs. Youll learn to modify data within the chart, deal with missing data, format your chart, use trend lines, construct impossible charts, create charts from pivot tables, dress them up with graphics, and more.
Figure S1 from Inhibition of FLT3 and PIM Kinases by EC-70124 Exerts Potent Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Chemical structure of indolocarbazoles EC-70124 and midostaurin (PKC-412)&lt;/p&gt;
Finding Test Statistic Thresholds Using Simulation and Model Fitting with an Application to Radiation Detection (2012)

ABSTRACT To evaluate the performance of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for radiation detection, we present an algorithm based on simulation and local regression smoothing to find thresholds that achieve specified false alarm probabilities. An example is given to illustrate the use of the algorithm.
Low-NO{sub x} firing of Orimulsion (1995)

There is currently much interest among US electric utilities in the conversion of oil-fired boilers to Orimulsion fuel. Until recently, however, very limited information existed on the effects of NO{sub x} reduction techniques for Orimulsion firing. In late 1994, burner supplier TODD Combustion Inc., Shelton, Conn., using Orimulsion supplied by Bitor America Corp., Boca Raton, Fla., conducted the industry`s first test firing of Orimulsion with a low-NO{sub x} burner. In a single-burner test rig., No. 6 fuel oil and Orimulsion were compared in both a full-scale, conventional oil burner and a full-scale low-NO{sub x} burner. While the results show that Orimulsion burns very differently from heavy oil, they also provided sufficient data for guaranteeing emissions for utilities and other power producers converting utility boilers to Orimulsion firing.
Genetic factors underlying attention and impulsivity: mouse models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2014)

Increasing evidence suggests complex genetic factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Animal models with definitive genetic characteristics are indispensable for gaining an understanding of the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit mechanisms underlying ADHD. Toward this aim, mice have several advantages because of their well-controlled genetic backgrounds and the relative ease with which functions of defined neuronal circuits can be manipulated. Dopamine signaling dysfunction was once the major pathogenic focus of interest in ADHD research, but hypotheses have expanded to include functionally distinct molecules. Forward and reverse genetic approaches have produced diverse mouse genetic models for genes involved in monoaminergic signaling, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal circuit formation. Data suggest crucial roles of gene–gene interactions and gene–environment interactions in the pathophysiology of ADHD.