gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of three volatile organic compounds by nanosecond pulsed corona discharge: Study of by-product formation and influence of high voltage pulse parameters (2006)

Increasing concerns over atmospheric pollution has motivated research into technologies able to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) from gas streams. The aim of this paper is to understand the chemical and physical mechanisms implied in the decomposition of VOC’s in a filamentary nonthermal plasma discharge. Experiments have been carried out on three pollutants (propane, propene, and isopropyl alcohol) in dry air at atmospheric pressure using a wire to cylinder corona discharge generated by a homemade nanosecond rise time high voltage pulse generator. The resulting plasma efficiently destructs propane, propene, or isopropyl alcohol at a concentration of 500ppm with low specific input energies (less than 500J∕L), but the poor oxidation rate leads to the formation of numerous by-products (acetone, formaldehyde, formic acid, and methyl nitrate) whose concentration can reach some hundreds of ppm. We also investigated the effect of pulse parameters on VOC removal efficiency. Neither pulse peak value nor rise time (in the range of 4–12ns) appears to have a significant influence on the VOC decomposition rates. Therefore, we believe that the way the energy is deposited in the plasma does not modify the density of active species (radicals, ions) in the streamers. The production of energetic electrons is not enhanced by the external applied field, and the only effective parameter may be the local field in the streamer head, which is almost the same (around 500Td) whatever the voltage (above the inception value).
Carotid artery stenting in elderly patients: Importance of case selection (2008)

CS can be performed safely in anatomically suitable elderly patients with low adverse event rates. CS should remain a revascularization option in appropriately selected elderly patients.
Pattern of Patients&apos; Presentation with Ocular Emergencies in Maritime Environment (1970)

Background: There is comparatively little literature on the epidemiology and management of injury and illness at sea, an environment which is austere, distant from definitive medical care, and defined by highly variable but generally limited on site medical resources. Threats to life, limb, and sight carry a significant personal and economic cost in the workers in tens of thousands of ships. We sought to characterize ocular illnesses and injuries on commercial vessels. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review among adult patients evaluating the incidence and types of ocular injuries and illnesses occurring on the vessels. The charts were from a maritime telemedicine practice that provides care and medical direction to a variety of vessels worldwide. Data were extracted from October 2018 through September 2019. Charts were evaluated by emergency physicians who collected data. Results: We enrolled 803 patients,of which 31 (3.8%) were for primary ocular complaints. 32.3% were for traumatic eye injuries, including blunt trauma, corneal foreign body, chemical exposure, and electrical arc exposure. Protection was definitively worn in 10% of trauma cases, definitively not worn in 10% of trauma cases, and eye protection status was unknown for the remaining 80% of trauma cases. Among the 21 non-traumatic cases, the most common diagnoses were conjunctivitis (n=5), Hordeolum (n=4), and Chalazion (N=2). Definitive diagnoses could not be made via telemedical consultation in 47.6 % of non traumatic cases, however serious sight threatening diagnoses including vitreous hemorrhage (n=2), retinal detachment (n=1), and central retinal artery occlusion (n=1) were presumed in 14.2% of non-traumatic cases. Vessels were at anchor or in port during 6 of the service calls and at sea during 17 of the service calls. The vessels at sea at the time of injury or illness had an average time-to-next-port of 6.8 days (Range 2-30 days). Compared to non-traumatic illness, traumatic injuries were more likely to require in-port ophthalmology or emergency consultation (70% vs 28.6%) and more likely to be declared unfit for duty after evaluation (20% vs. 14%). A total of 3/31 patients required ship diversion or evacuation. Conclusion: The majority of ocular illnesses and injuries can be managed in maritime environment, without diversion or evacuation. Traumatic Injuries are more likely to require on-shore specialty evaluation than medical illnesses. Although infrequently required, diversions are expensive and more research is needed on injury reduction to reduce the need for diversion, evacuation, and on-shore evaluation.
Spatially heterogenous dynamics in colloidal gels during syneresis (2023)

Syneresis, the compaction of a material accompanied by fluid expulsion, is a typical mechanical instability which exists among colloidal gel based materials and that negatively affects the quality of relevant applications. We shed light onto the internal dynamics of model colloidal gels undergoing syneresis using Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI). The resulting dynamical maps capture the distinct differences in spatial and temporal relaxation patterns between colloidal gels comprising solid and liquid particles. This indicates different mechanisms of syneresis between the two systems and highlights the importance of the constituent particles and their mobile or restrictive interfaces in the mechanical relaxation of the colloidal gels during syneresis.
Privacy Is Hard and Seven Other Myths (2021)

An expert on computer privacy and security shows how we can build privacy into the design of systems from the start. We are tethered to our devices all day, every day, leaving data trails of our searches, posts, clicks, and communications. Meanwhile, governments and businesses collect our data and use it to monitor us without our knowledge. So we have resigned ourselves to the belief that privacy is hard—choosing to believe that websites do not share our information, for example, and declaring that we have nothing to hide anyway. In this informative and illuminating book, a computer privacy and security expert argues that privacy is not that hard if we build it into the design of systems from the start. Along the way, Jaap-Henk Hoepman debunks eight persistent myths surrounding computer privacy. The website that claims it doesn't collect personal data, for example; Hoepman explains that most data is personal, capturing location, preferences, and other information. You don't have anything to hide? There's nothing wrong with wanting to keep personal information—even if it's not incriminating or embarrassing—private. Hoepman shows that just as technology can be used to invade our privacy, it can be used to protect it, when we apply privacy by design. Hoepman suggests technical fixes, discussing pseudonyms, leaky design, encryption, metadata, and the benefits of keeping your data local (on your own device only), and outlines privacy design strategies that system designers can apply now.
Applications and implementations of neural networks in microelectronics-overview and status (2002)

An overview is presented of some of the most important artificial neural networks and their implementation as integrated circuits. The performances of these networks are discussed with regard to the potential of current and future technologies. The overview closes with some possible applications of neural networks in microelectronics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structural properties of liposomes from digital holographic microscopy (2005)

We have constructed liposomes from L alpha Phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, which are biomimetic lipids similar to those present in the membranes of mammalian cells. We propose an advance in the use of liposomes, such as for drug delivery, to incorporate into the liposomal membranes transport proteins that have been extracted from the lipid membranes of mammalian cells. In this paper, we describe the usage of a novel optical microscope to characterize the nanomechanical properties of these liposomes. We have applied the technique of digital holographic microscopy, using an instrument recently developed at the University of Münster, Germany. This system enabled us to measure quantitatively the structural changes in liposomes. We have investigated the deformations of these biomimetic lipids comprising these liposomes by applying osmotic stresses, in order to gain insight into the membrane environment prior to incorporation of cloned membrane transport proteins. This control of the nanomechanical properties is important in the stresses transmitted to mechanosensitive ion channels that we have incorporated into the liposomal membranes. These liposomes provide transporting vesicles that respond to mechanical stresses, such as those that occur during implantation.
Development of the dye-sensitized solar cell by micro digital fabrication (2012)

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) is highly focused by many researchers because DSC has good merits those are flexible and colorful. However, efficiency of DSC is low. Many researches on chemical characteristics and shape of titania and dye to improve efficiency are carried out. We applied electrostatic inkjet technology for patterning titania layer of DSC because fabrication process should be developed to contribute to high efficiency. New machine that can print titania is essential to fabricate DSC on various surface of flexible electronics. The optimized thickness of titania layer is changed when the titania and dye are changed of type. Traditionally, doctor blade method and screen print method has been used to fabricate titania layer. However, these methods are not suitable to optimize thickness of titania layer. In this paper, we developed the machine to print titania layer. We demonstrated that thickness of titania layer depends on printing time and efficiency is changed when thickness of titania layer is changed.
Catalysis of Cu-Doped Co-Based Perovskite-Type Oxide in Wet Oxidation of Lignin To Produce Aromatic Aldehydes (2010)

The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of Cu substitution on the physicochemical properties of LaCo1−xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) prepared by the sol−gel method, to clarify the relation between perovskite properties and their catalytic behaviors in the catalytic wet aerobic oxidation (CWAO) of lignin. X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that Cu and Co were finely dispersed on the perovskite framework of the samples and an interaction between the Cu2+ and Co3+ sites in the perovskite lattice occurred. The percentages of surface chemisorbed oxygen species were 64.2, 75.2, and 81.1%, when x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2, respectively, obtained from O 1s XPS, indicating that the content of chemisorbed oxygen was improved with the increased content of Cu2+ in the mixed oxides. The samples were applied to the CWAO of lignin, and the experiments illustrated that the catalyst activity improved with an increase in the Cu content. A mechanism was proposed that anion vacancies were generated after Cu incorporation into the LaCoO3 catalyst, which promoted the amount of adsorbed oxygen surface active site [Co(surf)3+O2−] species and improved the yield of activated species [Cu(surf)2+O2−]. Under the combined effect of these factors, the catalytic activity of the Cu-substituted catalyst improved in comparison to the LaCoO3 catalyst as the Cu content was increased.
Atmospheric and internal turbulence measured on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer with VINCI (2016)

In March 2001, the commissioning instrument of the VLTI, VINCI, succeeded in obtaining its first fringes by linking two 40cm aperture siderostats on a 16m baseline. During the first year of operation, thousands of interferometric observations on different baselines were carried out, with the technical goal of characterizing this complex system. We report in this paper these first measurements and estimate the main parameters of the atmospheric and internal turbulence along the complete light path. We first illustrate the degradation of the visibility accuracy caused by the differential piston and evaluate the contribution of the internal optical path fluctuations with respect to the atmospheric ones. The stability of the VLTI complex is demonstrated, which enabled us to record easily fringes with Unit Telescopes (UTs) on baselines as long as 102.5 m (November 2001). In the last part, infrared measurements of the atmospheric differential piston are reported. They were obtained with the siderostats on two different baselines ranging from 16m to 66m. Estimations of the coherence time at Cerro Paranal are derived from these commissioning data and compared to the values predicted by the Astronomic Site Monitor (ASM). Finally, constraints on the outer scale length are discussed.
Cellular sources of thymidine nucleotides: studies for PET. (1987)

The relative utilization of endogenously synthesized thymidine nucleotides and exogenously supplied thymidine analog was compared in a number of mammalian cell lines, tissues, and tumors. To measure the relative utilization, cells were incubated in tissue culture media containing the thymidine analog [3H]-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUDR). After extraction of the DNA, the degree of substitution of the thymidine by BUDR was determined by density gradient centrifugation. All the cell lines and tissues tested utilized both exogenous BUDR and endogenous thymidine sources to a similar extent. The relative utilization of the exogenous pathway could be manipulated by varying the exogenous concentration of BUDR. Our results demonstrate that one can predict the relative utilization of these two pathways and can calculate the effective specific activity of the intracellular thymidine nucleotide pool. Such information is needed in interpreting 11C-labeled thymidine uptake as measured by positron emission tomography.
Matrix-vector multiplication in sub-quadratic time: (some preprocessing required) (2007)

We show that any n x n matrix A over any finite semiring can be preprocessed in O(n2+e) time, such that all subsequent vector multiplications with A can be performed in O(n2/(elogn)2) time, for all e > 0. The approach is combinatorial and can be implemented on a pointer machine or a (logn)-word RAM. Some applications are described.
From Fundamental Electrocatalytic Studies to Half-Cell Investigations of Electrode Performance (2015)

The major environmental issues linked to fossil fuel utilization, as well as their depletion with time, demand sustainable alternatives for energy conversion and storage. Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers are potential candidates for providing solutions into this direction. Major scientific efforts have been invested during the past decades for improving the catalyst performance, which is defined in an equally important way by its activity and stability. While the catalytic behavior is often studied on a fundamental level at low current densities in a potential region where the mass transport induced error is negligible, the operating conditions in applications consist typically of high current densities with significant mass transport issues. Furthermore the electrochemical interface where the reaction takes place is a confined liquid-metal interface in fundamental investigations, which does not truly represent the so called three phase boundary (tpb) situation at the electrode of a real reactor. In order to bridge fundamental research on electrocatalytic behaviour with the actual applied challenges, we have utilized an alternative experimental tool, namely the Floating Cell. This cell enables the investigation of the electrocatalytic behavior in a broader potential range by overcoming the mass transport issues of the reactant by creating a tpb. In this work we try to demonstrate a step by step approach in the direction of clarifying the particularly complicated regime in the three phase boundary, since for every part of this interface there are numerous parameters, which can have a considerable impact on the catalytic performance. As a result we will discuss the utilization of catalysts in the electrode layer, as well as the potential of this approach for degradation studies and the quick optimization of electrode structures for different reactions in general.
Thermal Characterization of Planar Interconnect Architectures Under Transient Currents (2009)

The quality and reliability of interconnects in microelectronics is a major challenge considering the increasing level of integration and high current densities. This work studied the problem of transient Joule heating in interconnects in a two-dimensional (2D) inhomogeneous model. The transmission line matrix (TLM) method was implemented with link-resistor (LR) and link-line (LL) formulations, and the results were compared with a finite element (FE) model that was developed in LSDyna. This comparison showed that the overall behavior of the TLM models were in good agreement with the FE model while, near the heat source, the transient TLM solutions developed slower than the FE solution. The steady-state results of the two models were identical. The two TLM formulations yielded slightly different transient results, with the LL result growing slower particularly at the source boundary and becoming unstable at short time-steps. It was concluded that the LR formulation is more accurate for transient thermal analysis. Computational efficiency of the TLM method and its ability to accept non-uniform 2D and 3D mesh and variable time-step makes it a good candidate for multi-scale analysis of Joule heating in the interconnects.
Supplementary Data from FOXA2 Cooperates with Mutant KRAS to Drive Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Two‐dimensional MHD simulation of the solar wind interaction with magnetic field anomalies on the surface of the Moon (2000)

Two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar wind interaction with the magnetized regions on the surface of the Moon suggest “mini‐magnetospheres” can form around the regions on the Moon when the magnetic anomaly field strength is above 10 nT at 100 km above the surface (for a surface field strength of 290 nT) and when the solar wind ion density is below 40 cm −3 , with typical observations placing anomalous magnetic field strengths around 2 nT at 100 km above the surface. The results suggest that not only can a bow shock and magnetopause form around the small anomalies, but their position and shape can change dramatically with changes in the solar wind conditions. A switch from southward to northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) causes the size of the mini‐magnetosphere to increase by 90% and the magnetic field at various positions inside the bow shock to increase by a factor of 10. In addition to affecting the stand‐off distance, changes in the IMF can also cause the mini‐magnetosphere to go from very round to flat and elongated. The scale size of the mini‐magnetospheres is 100 km for the range of typical solar wind conditions and the surface magnetic field strengths measured by Lunar Prospector. A stagnation point inside the shock region also exists for several solar wind conditions.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Cosmology from cosmic shear and robustness to modeling uncertainty (2022)

This work and its companion paper, Amon et al. [Phys. Rev. D 105, 023514 (2022)], present cosmic shear measurements and cosmological constraints from over 100 million source galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data. We constrain the lensing amplitude parameter ${S}_{8}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3}$ at the 3% level in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$: ${S}_{8}=0.75{9}_{\ensuremath{-}0.023}^{+0.025}$ (68% CL). Our constraint is at the 2% level when using angular scale cuts that are optimized for the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ analysis: ${S}_{8}=0.77{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.017}^{+0.018}$ (68% CL). With cosmic shear alone, we find no statistically significant constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at our present statistical power. We carry out our analysis blind, and compare our measurement with constraints from two other contemporary weak lensing experiments: the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and Hyper-Suprime Camera Subaru Strategic Program (HSC). We additionally quantify the agreement between our data and external constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our DES Y3 result under the assumption of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ is found to be in statistical agreement with Planck 2018, although favors a lower ${S}_{8}$ than the CMB-inferred value by $2.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ (a $p$-value of 0.02). This paper explores the robustness of these cosmic shear results to modeling of intrinsic alignments, the matter power spectrum and baryonic physics. We additionally explore the statistical preference of our data for intrinsic alignment models of different complexity. The fiducial cosmic shear model is tested using synthetic data, and we report no biases greater than $0.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ in the plane of ${S}_{8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ caused by uncertainties in the theoretical models.
Identity and origin of the ATPase activity associated with neuronal microtubules. II. Identification of a 50,000-dalton polypeptide with ATPase activity similar to F-1 ATPase from mitochondria. (1983)

We determined that the ATPase activity contained in preparations of neuronal microtubules is associated with a 50,000-dalton polypeptide by four different methods: (a) photoaffinity labeling of the pelletable ATPase fraction with [gamma-32P]-8-azido-ATP; (b) analysis of two-dimensional gels (native gel X SDS slab gel) of an ATPase fraction solubilized by treatment with dichloromethane; (c) ATPase purification by glycerol gradient sedimentation and gel filtration chromatography of a solvent-released ATPase fraction, (d) demonstration of the binding of affinity-purified antibody to the 50-kdalton polypeptide to ATPase activity in vitro. Beginning with preparations of microtubules we have purified the ATPase activity greater than 700-fold and estimate that the purified enzyme has a specific activity of 20 mumol Pi x mg-1 x min-1 and comprises 80-90% of the total ATPase activity associated with neuronal microtubules. With affinity-purified antibody we also demonstrate cross-reactivity to the 50-kdalton subunits of mitochondrial F-1 ATPase and show that the antibody specifically labels mitochondria in PtK-2 cells. Biochemical comparisons of the enzymes reveal similar but not identical subunit composition and sensitivity to mitochondrial ATPase inhibitors. These studies indicate that the principal ATPase activity associated with microtubules is not contained in high molecular weight proteins such as dynein or MAPs and support the hypothesis that the 50-kdalton ATPase is a membrane protein and may be derived from mitochondria or membrane vesicles with F-1-like ATPase activity.