gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised incremental online adaptation to unknown environment and speaker (2002)

A Maximum Likelihood Spectral Transformation (MLST) technique is used for robust speech recognition under mismatched training and testing conditions. The linear spectral speech feature vectors of testing utterances are transformed such that the likelihood of the utterances is increased after the transformation. The cepstral vectors are computed from the transformed spectra. The function used for the spectral transformation is designed to handle both convolutional and additive noise. Since the function has small number of parameters to be estimated, MLST requires only a few utterances for adaptation. Furthermore, the computation for parameter estimation and spectral transformation can be done efficiently in linear time. Therefore, the MLST is suitable for rapid online adaptation. To evaluate the efficiency of the MLST technique, it has been implemented for unsupervised incremental online adaptation. The system is tested on speaker-phone telephone speech data, and MLST reduces the error rate by 29.5% when used for speaker and environment adaptation.
Weathering in soil increases nanoparticle CuO bioaccumulation within a terrestrial food chain (2016)

This study evaluates the bioaccumulation of unweathered (U) and weathered (W) CuO in NP, bulk and ionic form (0–400 mg/kg) by lettuce exposed for 70 d in soil co-contaminated with field incurred chlordane. To evaluate CuO trophic transfer, leaves were fed to crickets (Acheta domestica) for 15 d, followed by insect feeding to lizards (Anolis carolinensis). Upon weathering, the root Cu content of the NP treatment increased 214% (327 ± 59.1 mg/kg) over unaged treatment. Cu root content decreased in bulk and ionic treatments from 70–130 mg/kg to 13–26 mg/kg upon aging in soil. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis of W-NP-exposed roots showed a homogenous distribution of Cu (and Ca) in the tissues. Additionally, micro X-ray absorption near-edge (μ-XANES) analysis of W-NP-exposed roots showed near complete transformation of CuO to Cu (I)-sulfur and oxide complexes in the tissues, whereas in unweathered treatment, most root Cu remained as CuO. The expression level of nine genes involved in Cu transport shows that the mechanisms of CuO NPs (and bulk) response/accumulation are different than ionic Cu. The chlordane accumulation by lettuce upon co-exposure to CuO NPs significantly increased upon weathering. Conversely, bulk and ionic exposures decreased pesticide accumulation by plant upon weathering. The Cu cricket fecal content from U-NP-exposed insects was significantly greater than the bulk or ion treatments, suggesting a higher initial NP accumulation followed by significantly greater elimination during depuration. In the lizard, Cu content in the intestine, body and head did not differ as a function of weathering. This study demonstrates that CuO NPs may undergo transformation processes in soil upon weathering that subsequently impact NPs availability in terrestrial food chains.
Novel X‐ray Method for In Situ Determination of Gelator Strand Structure: Polymorphism of Cholesteryl Anthraquinone‐2‐carboxylate (1996)

Well-structured physical gels, composed of an organic liquid and a small amount of a gelator molecule like the title compound 1, are known to have microstructures of inter-linked fibers. A method is described for the determination of the molecular packing arrangements of the gelator molecules in the fibers, based upon subtracting the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the neat liquid component from that of the gel and relating the difference to the pattern of the morphs of the neat gelator solid.
An optical phase-shift-keying direct-detection receiver using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating (1999)

The optical phase-shift-keying direct-detection receiver described here converts phase modulation to amplitude modulation (PM-AM) by using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating. The amplitude of the converted signal is proportional to the derivative of the phase of the input signal. A 10-Gbit/s optical PSK-return-to-zero signal has been successfully transmitted through 100-km dispersion-shifted fiber by using the proposed PM-AM converter.
A North American Cohort of Anti‐SAE Dermatomyositis: Clinical Phenotype, Testing, and Review of Cases (2021)

SAE autoantibodies associate with a clinical phenotype of DM, which most commonly presents with a rash first, followed by muscle involvement and varying extramuscular involvement. As coincident cancer was seen in anti-SAE-positive DM, judicious malignancy screening may be warranted.
Nucleic acid cytometry of homosexual-associated lymphoproliferative disease. (1986)

Twenty-six reactive lymph nodes and 5 malignant lymphomas from homosexual males were studied by acridine orange flow cytometry (AO-FCM) for determination of ploidy, proliferation, and RNA characteristics. Two reactive lymph nodes showed ploidy abnormalities as compared with none of 27 reactive lymph nodes from nonhomosexual patients. The homosexual-associated (HA) lymphadenopathy had a higher mean proliferative activity (11.2% versus 5.6%) and higher ribonucleic acid (RNA) content (1.11 versus 0.96) than non-HA counterparts. The proliferative activity of HA lymphadenopathy was also higher than follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma, and not dissimilar to that of follicular large cell lymphoma. These findings indicate that HA-reactive lymphadenopathy is a hyperproliferative state associated with high cellular RNA content and rare DNA-abnormal stemlines. One HA lymphoma had an abnormal stemline by AO-FCM, compared with 9 of 15 (63%) non-HA high grade lymphomas. This lymphoma also demonstrated an abnormal karyotype (47,XY, +12, t[8;22]) by classic cytogenetic studies. The mean proliferative activity and RNA content of HA lymphomas was higher than non-HA counterparts (37% versus 22.5% and 2.48 versus 1.73, respectively). The proliferation and RNA features of HA lymphoma were on higher planes than non-HA lesions histologically comparable. Thus, in addition to differences in clinical presentation, histologic subtype, stage distribution, and therapeutic response, HA lymphomas have DNA/RNA characteristics different from those of counterparts in the general population.
Factor XI Dependent and Independent Activation of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) in Plasma Associated with Clot Formation (1999)

Summary Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) also known as plasma procarboxypeptidase B is activated by relatively high concentrations of thrombin in a reaction stimulated by thrombomodulin. In plasma an intact factor XI-dependent feed back loop via the intrinsic pathway is necessary to generate sufficient thrombin for TAFI activation. This thrombin generation takes place after clot formation with consequent down-regulation of fibrinolysis. We developed a specific and sensitive assay for activated TAFI (TAFIa) and studied its factor XI-dependent generation during clot formation. In the absence of thrombomodulin, addition of 20 nM thrombin to normal plasma generated 5-10% of the amount of TAFIa generated by 20 nM thrombin in the presence of 8 nM thrombomodulin. Minimal activation of TAFI was detected in factor II deficient plasma when clotting was initiated by 20 nM thrombin. Addition of 320-640 nM of thrombin to factor II deficient plasma resulted in the same amount of TAFIa as in normal plasma, suggesting that ~50% of factor II has to be converted to thrombin for extensive activation of TAFI. A Mab that neutralizes activated factor XII had no effect on TAFI activation indicating that an intact contact system is not necessary for the activation of TAFI. The dependency of TAFI activation of factor XI was tested using a Mab that neutralizes activated factor XI. When plasmas from 13 healthy individuals were tested, this Mab reduced TAFI activation by 65% (range 35-89%). Our results indicate that activation of TAFI in serum after clot formation can be quantitated and that it takes place in both factor XI-dependent and factor XI-independent mechanisms.
Hesitant Fuzzy-Sets Based Decision-Making Model for Security Risk Assessment (2021)

Security is an important component in the process of developing healthcare web applications. We need to ensure security maintenance; therefore the analysis of healthcare web application's security risk is of utmost importance. Properties must be considered to minimise the security risk. Additionally, security risk management activities are revised, prepared, implemented, tracked, and regularly set up efficiently to design the security of healthcare web applications. Managing the security risk of a healthcare web application must be considered as the key component. Security is, in specific, seen as an add-on during the development process of healthcare web applications, but not as the key problem. Researchers must ensure that security is taken into account right from the earlier developmental stages of the healthcare web application. In this row, the authors of this study have used the hesitant fuzzy-based AHP-TOPSIS technique to estimate the risks of various healthcare web applications for improving security-durability. This approach would help to design and incorporate security features in healthcare web applications that would be able to battle threats on their own, and not depend solely on the external security of healthcare web applications. Furthermore, in terms of healthcare web application's security-durability, the security risk variable is measured, and vice versa. Hence, the findings of our study will also be useful in improving the durability of several web applications in healthcare.
Identification of Compounds That Inhibit Late Steps of Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Bacteria. (2002)

A screening system is described that can detect and confirm inhibitors of the late steps of cell wall biosynthesis. The primary high through-put screen monitors induction of beta-lactamase following exposure to samples, in an Escherichia coli envA- strain that carries the beta-lactamase gene from Citrobacter freundii on a plasmid. Positive samples were detected from compound libraries, from natural products libraries, and from fractions of natural products crude preparations. These samples were then subjected to in vitro assays that could detect the incorporation of soluble cell wall precursor into Lipid I, Lipid II, and polymerized cell wall, using a TLC system that was very accurate and unambiguous in detecting known cell wall inhibitors. One partially purified sample containing a novel antibacterial agent derived from natural products was found to inhibit the formation of Lipid I (50% inhibition at < or = 62.5 ng/ml), whereas another partially purified sample also derived from natural products inhibited transglycosylation into cell wall polymer (50% inhibition at < or = 10 microg/ml). This screening system proved to be especially useful because it was sufficiently sensitive and robust to detect inhibitors among samples of crude preparations or varying states of purity.
Structure and content of the EU-IVDR (2023)

The gaps and ambiguities in the IVDR crucially require the expertise of professional societies, alliances, and individual stakeholders to successfully facilitate the implementation and use of the IVDR in pathology departments and to avoid aberrant developments.
Promising field electron emission performance of vertically aligned one dimensional (1D) brookite (β) TiO2nanorods (2016)

The vertically aligned and uniformly dispersed β-TiO<sub>2</sub>nanorods injected electrons direct toward emission sites, and prominently contributed to the low turn-on field of 3.9 V μm<sup>−1</sup>at a current density of 10 μA and also enhance the emission stability.
Stable RNA Interference–Mediated Suppression of Cyclophilin A Diminishes Non–Small-Cell Lung Tumor Growth In vivo (2005)

Cyclophilin A (CypA) was recently reported to be overexpressed in non-small-cell lung cancer, and represents a potentially novel therapeutic target. To determine the role of CypA in oncogenesis, stable RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CypA was established in two non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (ADLC-5M2 and LC-103H), and these cells were grown as xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were measured by Ki67, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, and CD31 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Tumor glucose metabolism was assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Knockdown of CypA correlated in vivo with slower growth, less fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, decreased proliferation, and a greater degree of apoptosis in the tumors. These results establish the relevance of CypA to tumor growth in vivo, specifically to proliferation and apoptosis. Elucidation of the precise role of CypA in these pathways may lead to new targeted therapies for lung cancer.
Supplementary Methods from Intratumoral Heterogeneity in <i>EGFR</i>-Mutant NSCLC Results in Divergent Resistance Mechanisms in Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated Solution of a Back Office System for Serious Games Targeted at Physiotherapy (2016)

Serious games targeted at physiotherapy can be a solution to help the physical therapy professionals. However, the entire game management, in its various aspects, is under the professional’s responsibility. One way to reduce the professional management work will be to integrate a Back Office system in the game. Following this trend, the purpose of this paper is to present a modular Back Office system for centralized management of one or more games targeted at physical therapy.
Epitaxial orientation and magnetic properties of MnAs thin films grown on (001) GaAs: Template effects (1994)

We have studied template effects in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of ferromagnetic MnAs thin films on (001) GaAs substrates. When As2 flux was first supplied without Mn flux on the (001) GaAs prior to the MnAs growth, the surface reconstruction was disordered c(4×4), a more As-rich surface than c(4×4). The growth direction of the MnAs thin film grown on this surface is [1̄100] and the easy magnetization axis was found to be along the [1̄1̄20] of MnAs and the [110] of GaAs. In contrast, when one monolayer of Mn was first deposited on the c(4×4) GaAs surface and then As2 flux was supplied to grow MnAs, the growth direction of the MnAs thin film was found to be mainly [1̄101], and the easy magnetization axis was along the [1̄1̄20] of MnAs and the [1̄10] of GaAs, 90° different with respect to the substrate. These results indicate the importance of the very first monolayer in controlling the epitaxial orientation and magnetic properties of epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAs thin films.
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Older Patients: Increased Perioperative Morbidity? (2010)

Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Recruitment and diversification of an ecdysozoan family of neuropeptide hormones for black widow spider venom expression (2013)

Venoms have attracted enormous attention because of their potent physiological effects and dynamic evolution, including the convergent recruitment of homologous genes for venom expression. Here we provide novel evidence for the recruitment of genes from the Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (CHH) and arthropod Ion Transport Peptide (ITP) superfamily for venom expression in black widow spiders. We characterized latrodectin peptides from venom gland cDNAs from the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus), the brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) and cupboard spider (Steatoda grossa). Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences with homologs from other spider, scorpion and wasp venom cDNAs, as well as CHH/ITP neuropeptides, show latrodectins as derived members of the CHH/ITP superfamily. These analyses suggest that CHH/ITP homologs are more widespread in spider venoms, and were recruited for venom expression in two additional arthropod lineages. We also found that the latrodectin 2 gene and nearly all CHH/ITP genes include a phase 2 intron in the same position, supporting latrodectin's placement within the CHH/ITP superfamily. Evolutionary analyses of latrodectins suggest episodes of positive selection along some sequence lineages, and positive and purifying selection on specific codons, supporting its functional importance in widow venom. We consider how this improved understanding of latrodectin evolution informs functional hypotheses regarding its role in black widow venom as well as its potential convergent recruitment for venom expression across arthropods.
JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING (1998)

For many decades, research in judgment and decision making has examined behavioral violations of rational choice theory. In that framework, rationality is expressed as a single correct decision shared by experimenters and subjects that satisfies internal coherence within a set of preferences and beliefs. Outside of psychology, social scientists are now debating the need to modify rational choice theory with behavioral assumptions. Within psychology, researchers are debating assumptions about errors for many different definitions of rationality. Alternative frameworks are being proposed. These frameworks view decisions as more reasonable and adaptive that previously thought. For example, "rule following." Rule following, which occurs when a rule or norm is applied to a situation, often minimizes effort and provides satisfying solutions that are "good enough," though not necessarily the best. When rules are ambiguous, people look for reasons to guide their decisions. They may also let their emotions take charge. This chapter presents recent research on judgment and decision making from traditional and alternative frameworks.
Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: an In Vivo Model (1999)

Biofilm infections are a common complication of prosthetic devices in humans. Previous in vitro research has determined that low-frequency ultrasound combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics is an effective method of killing biofilms. We report the development of an in vivo model to determine if ultrasound enhances antibiotic action. Two 24-h-old Escherichia coli (ATCC 10798) biofilms grown on polyethylene disks were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of New Zealand White female rabbits, one on each side of the spine. Low-frequency (28.48-kHz) and low-power-density (100- and 300-mW/cm2) continuous ultrasound treatment was applied for 24 h with and without systemic administration of gentamicin. The disks were then removed, and the number of viable bacteria on each disk was determined. At the low ultrasonic power used in this study, exposure to ultrasound only (no gentamicin) caused no significant difference in bacterial viability. In the presence of antibiotic, there was a significant reduction due to 300-mW/cm2 ultrasound (P = 0.0485) but no significant reduction due to 100-mW/cm2 ultrasound. Tissue damage to the skin was noted at the 300-mW/cm2 treatment level. Further development of this technique has promise in treatment of clinical implant infections.
Effect of Building Construction on Aspergillus Concentrations in a Hospital (2008)

Air samples taken in a hospital undergoing construction and analyzed with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the Aspergillus genus did not show elevated concentrations of Aspergillus or particulate matter with a diameter of 5 microm or less in patient areas. Air samples from the construction zone indicated the containment system, which used polyethylene film barrier and negative pressure, was effective.
A Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Children with Brain Tumors. Final Report (Protocol BT-10) (2017)

Despite dramatic progress over the last 50 years in the treatment of many childhood cancers, primary brain tumors remain the leading cause of death in pediatric oncology. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 given in combination (ANP). Thirty-four patients, with a median age of 10.4 years, were enrolled in the study. Thirty-two patients (94.1%), were Caucasians while 21 (61.8%) were female and 13 were male (38.2%). Twenty-four patients (70.6%) suffered from a brainstem glioma (BSG) or high-grade tumor. Ten patients (29.4%) suffered from a low-grade tumor. A distinct sub-group of three patients with low grade tumors had a ganglioglioma (GG). Eighty-two percent of patients had failed standard treatment. Daily ANP was administered by IV infusion, every four hours, until an objective response (OR) was documented, and then for an additional eight months. The median doses of A10 and AS2-1 were 11.64 g/kg/d and 0.45 g/kg/d, respectively. A complete response (CR) was documented in two patients (5.9%), a partial response (PR) in four patients (11.8%), and stable disease (SD) in six patients (17.6%). Objective responses were observed in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma with brainstem involvement, ganglioglioma and pilocytic astrocytoma. Six-month progression-free survival (PFS) was 35.3%. Overall survival (OS) at two and five years was 37.6% and 34.5%, respectively. Two patients experienced grade 4 hypernatremia while three experienced grade 3 hypokalemia. In this group of patients, ANP showed good efficacy and an acceptable toxicity profile.
Investigations of shot reproducibility for the SMP diode at 4.5 MV. (2013)

In experiments conducted on the RITS-6 accelerator, the SMP diode exhibits sig- ni cant shot-to-shot variability. Speci cally, for identical hardware operated at the same voltage, some shots exhibit a catastrophic drop in diode impedance. A study is underway to identify sources of shot-to-shot variations which correlate with diode impedance collapse. To remove knob emission as a source, only data from a shot series conducted with a 4.5-MV peak voltage are considered. The scope of this report is limited to sources of variability which occur away from the diode, such as power ow emission and trajectory changes, variations in pulsed power, dustbin and transmission line alignment, and di erent knob shapes. We nd no changes in the transmission line hardware, alignment, or hardware preparation methods which correlate with impedance collapse. However, in classifying good versus poor shots, we nd that there is not a continuous spectrum of diode impedance behavior but that the good and poor shots can be grouped into two distinct impedance pro les. This result forms the basis of a follow-on study focusing on the variability resulting from diode physics. 3
Repair of joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis does not relate to previous suppression of inflammation: a subanalysis after 8 years treat-to-target in the BeSt-trial (2023)

After 8 years of treatment to target DAS≤2.4 in 508 patients with recent onset RA, repair of JSN and erosions was seen in 17/320 patients (5.3%). Probably due to the rarity of repair, we found no associations with suppression of disease activity or other predictors and repair.
Surgical Treatment for Thyroid Cancer (1997)

Thyroidectomy procedures are the mainstay treatment for thyroid cancer and are safe and effective when they are performed by experienced surgeons. Preoperative evaluation of patients with suspected thyroid cancer consists of ultrasonography, radioisotope scanning, and computed tomography scans. Postoperative complications of thyroidectomy procedures include hemorrhage, edema of the glottis, muscle rigidity and spasm (ie, tetany), acute thyrotoxicosis, and damage to the laryngeal nerve. Most surgical patients are discharged home within three days after surgery, and many patients require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement to prevent hypothyroidism.