gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4-Ethoxycarbonyl-4′,5,5′-trimethyltetrathiafulvalene and its radical cation: Langmuir–Blodgett film studies, EPR spectra and the X-ray crystal structure of (Me3TTF-CO2Et)2·TCNQ complex (1999)

Langmuir–Blodgett films of the title trimethyltetrathiafulvalene derivative 10 have been assembled without the need for added fatty acid: room temperature, in-plane, dc conductivity values of the films before and after doping with iodine vapour were σrt = 10–5 S cm–1 and 10–1 S cm–1, respectively. Over the temperature range 300–100 K the films exhibited a linear current versus voltage relationship, with an activation energy for conductivity Ea = 0.11 eV. Cyclic voltammetric data were obtained for LB films of 10 and the best response was recorded for a 2-layer film; electroactivity gradually disappeared after a few cycles, which is consistent with film desorption from the electrode. UV–vis and IR spectra of the LB films are consistent with a conjugative intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between the triMe-TTF (donor) and ester (acceptor) moieties of 10 (see structure 10′). This increases the amphiphilic nature of 10 and is believed to play an important role in stabilising the LB film structure. Iodine doping of the LB films leads to the formation of radical cations 10·+, and polarised spectra show that the molecules are aligned at a high angle to the substrate surface. Simultaneous electrochemistry and EPR (SEEPR) studies provide insight into the electronic structure of the radical cation species 10·+ in solution; the ethoxycarbonyl group strongly polarises the spin density, and these data are supported by ab initio UHF and B3LYP calculations. The single crystal X-ray structure of the complex (10)2·TCNQ (TCNQ = tetracyano-p-quinodimethane) reveals a mixed ⋯ADDADD⋯ stacking motif with a low degree of charge transfer between the D and A moieties. Analysis of the bond lengths in the donor moiety confirms a contribution from the zwitterionic structure 10′.
Sustainable Mizoroki–Heck reaction in water: remarkably high activity of Pd(OAc)2 immobilized on reversed phase silica gel with the aid of an ionic liquid (2005)

Palladium acetate immobilized on reversed phase amorphous silica gel with the aid of an ionic liquid, [bmim]PF6, was highly efficient in the promotion of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction in pure water without a ligand up to the sixth re-use, in 95% average yield with TON and TOF 1,600,000 and 71,000 (h(-1)), respectively.
Brushless DC Motors Using Unsymmetrical Field Magnetization (1987)

The prevalent types of brushless dc motors have evolved from the classical synchronous machine structures, using two-phase, three-phase, or four-phase stator windings and symmetrical N-S field magnetization patterns. The popular two-phase two-pulse brushless motor requires auxiliary means for starting and for ensuring relatively constant torque with rotor position. Three methods are used: 1) skewed stator poles, which introduce unsymmetrical air-gap reluctance and the resultant unsymmetrical air-gap magnetic field, 2) the Wessels design, which uses a rotor pole pattern of north-south-zero (N-S-0) and auxiliary stator poles, and 3) a combination of N-S-0 rotor pattern and 1200 electrical (el) pitch stator coils to produce an unsymmetrical air-gap magnetic field. The electromagnetic torque produced by motors using each of these methods is calculated using the coenergy method.
Inflammatory bowel disease (2020)

Surgery in Crohn's disease is an adjunct in the repertoire of therapies aimed to restore normal growth and development while preserving bowel length and function as much as possible for as long as possible. Surgery in ulcerative colitis — total proctocolectomy and various restorative techniques — has evolved with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, resulting in the excellent functional outcomes and quality of life. The pathological and clinical manifestations of the diseases are generally similar to those described in the adolescent/adult population. Multifactorial genetic, environmental, and the microbial influences to the pathophysiology are still being characterized. Adhesive small bowel obstructions (SBOs) can occur after any intra-abdominal surgery, and in this case, postoperative patients with inflammatory bowel disease do not differ. It is important to discriminate adhesive small bowel obstructions from the obstructive symptoms secondary to worsening stricturing disease in the Crohn's disease.
The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets (2015)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product (AVI-MUL TOP) on the growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets. The emulsifier product consists of 50% vegetal bi-distillated oleic acid emulsified with 50% glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. In experiment 1, 480 1-day-old female Cobb500 chickens for fattening were assigned to two treatments: (1) a control diet (CTR); and (2) the control diet+the emulsifier (AMT, 1 g/kg from day 0 to day 10, 0.75 g/kg from day 10 to day 20 and 0.5 g/kg from day 20 to day 34 of the trial). AMT supplementation increased BW on days 20 and 34 (P<0.01). Dietary AMT increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from day 10 to day 20, from day 20 to day 34 and from day 0 to day 34 (P<0.01). A reduced feed conversion ratio was observed in the AMT group from day 10 to day 20 (P<0.01). In experiment 2, 96 Stambo HBI×Dalland piglets were weaned at 24 days and assigned to two treatments (the basal diet without the product (CTR) or with 2 g/kg emulsifier from day 0 to day 14 and 1.5 g/kg from day 14 to day 42 (AMT)). There was an increase in the ADFI associated with AMT supplementation from day 14 to day 42 (P=0.04). These results indicated that supplementation with the synthetic emulsifier may significantly improve the growth performance of chickens for fattening and numerically improve that of weaned piglets.
Soft-Output Decoding Algorithms in Iterative Decoding of Turbo Codes (1996)

In this article, we present two versions of a simplifled maximum a posteriori decoding algorithm. The algorithms work in a sliding window form, like the Viterbi algorithm, and can thus be used to decode continuously transmitted sequences obtained by parallel concatenated codes, without requiring code trellis termination. A heuristic explanation is also given of how to embed the maximum a posteriori algorithms into the iterative decoding of parallel concatenated codes (turbo codes). The performances of the two algorithms are compared on the basis of a powerful rate 1/3 parallel concatenated code. Basic circuits to implement the simplifled a posteriori decoding algorithm using lookup tables, and two further approximations (linear and threshold), with a very small penalty, to eliminate the need for lookup tables are proposed. I. Introduction and Motivations The broad framework of this analysis encompasses digital transmission systems where the received signal is a sequence of wave forms whose correlation extends well beyond T, the signaling period. There can be many reasons for this correlation, such as coding, intersymbol interference, or correlated fading. It
Where Judicial Politics Are Legislative Politics: The French Constitutional Council (1992)

Judges on France's ordinary and administrative courts make law and policy by interpreting and applying statutes, but the Constitutional Council is overtly involved in policy‐making. The Council serves as a type of ‘third’ chamber of the French parliament, where it may annul unconstitutional legislation, ‘constitu‐tionalise’ various legal principles, and sometimes even prescribe the precise terms of legislation. This ‘court‐like’ body, thus, plays a significant and growing role in French policy‐making.
<title>Nanoparticle-based optical detection of molecular interactions of DNA-chip technology</title> (2002)

We adapted the nanoparticle-labeling technique from microscopical applications for DNA-chip detection. Nanoparticles can be detected by simple optical means, and exhibit a high stability. So alternative optical readout devices can be applied for the detection of specific DNA- binding on microstructured spots of complementary, surface- immobilized capture DNA. Several devices were tested, and the binding of gold-labeled DNA to complementary and non- complementary sequences was investigated using optical detection of the gold-labeled substrates before and after silver enhancement.
Robust optical flow estimation for continuous blurred scenes using RGB-motion imaging and directional filtering (2014)

Optical flow estimation is a difficult task given real-world video footage with camera and object blur. In this paper, we combine a 3D pose&position tracker with an RGB sensor allowing us to capture video footage together with 3D camera motion. We show that the additional camera motion information can be embedded into a hybrid optical flow framework by interleaving an iterative blind deconvolution and warping based minimization scheme. Such a hybrid framework significantly improves the accuracy of optical flow estimation in scenes with strong blur. Our approach yields improved overall performance against three state-of-the-art baseline methods applied to our proposed ground truth sequences, as well as in several other real-world sequences captured by our novel imaging system.
Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets (2017)

Epithelial cell sheet formation is central to many aspects of vertebrate development and function. For example, it is a major principle of differentiation in embryogenesis and regeneration, enables the compartmentalization of tissues, and is the basis for the maintenance of homeostasis throughout the body. A key characteristic of biologically functional epithelial cell sheets is a clear difference between the top and bottom sides owing to the apicobasal polarity of the cells in the sheet, as seen in the simple polar epithelia. Epithelial cell sheets are formed by cell-cell adhesion conferred by junctional complexes, in particular via tight junctions (TJs), which thus create a paracellular barrier. This review focuses on the apical side of the sheet, which serves as the front line. The apical membranes and TJs of the various tissues have specific characteristics that enable them to function and adapt to their biological context: each system must be robust, but also dynamic and flexible to maintain homeostasis. Here, we describe various apical cytoskeletal structures that are critical to the integrity of epithelial cell sheets. We also discuss the association of apical cytoskeletal networks with TJs, which thus forms a combined system, tentatively termed the TJ-apical complex.
Using Gamification in an Online Community (2012)

Gamification has recently evolved as an approach to engage and encourage active participation of members in online communities. For an online community to start and proceed on to a sustainable operation, it is important that members are encouraged to contribute positively and frequently. This pa
Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors (1964)

This is a summary of the available limit of flammability, autoignition and burning-rate data for more than 200 combustible gases and vapors in air and other oxidants, as well as of empirical rules and graphs that can be used to predict similar data for thousands of other combustibles under a variety of environmental conditions. Spec$c data are presented on the paraffinic, unsaturated, aromatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and sulfur compounds, and an assortment of fuels, fuel blends, hydraulic fluids, engine oils, and miscellaneous combustible gases and vapors.
Bi-Level Load Peak Shifting and Valley Filling Dispatch Model of Distribution Systems With Virtual Power Plants (2020)

Distributed energy resources (DERs) have been widely involved in the optimal dispatch of distribution systems which benefit from the characteristics of reliability, economy, flexibility, and environmental protection. And distribution systems are gradually transforming from passive networks to active distribution networks. However, it is difficult to manage DERs effectively because of their wide distribution, intermittency, and randomness. Virtual power plants (VPPs) can not only coordinate the contradiction between distribution systems and DERs but also consider the profits of DERs, which can realize the optimal dispatch of distribution systems effectively. In this paper, a bi-level dispatch model based on VPPs is proposed for load peak shaving and valley filling in distribution systems. The VPPs consist of distributed generations, energy storage devices, and demand response resources. The objective of the upper-level model is smoothing load curve, and the objective of the lower-level model is maximizing the profits of VPPs. Meanwhile, we consider the quadratic cost function to quantify the deviation between the actual output and the planned output of DGs. The effectiveness of the bi-level dispatch model in load shifting and valley filling is proved by various scenarios. In addition, the flexibility of the model in participating in distribution system dispatch is also verified.
Asthma and allergy development: contrasting influences of yeasts and other fungal exposures (2014)

Despite the irritant and allergenic properties of fungi, early-life elevated dust yeast exposures or their components may be protective against allergy and asthma in children at risk for these outcomes. Ascertainment of fungal components associated with immunoprotective effects may have therapeutic relevance for asthma.
Microscopic thermal characterization of C/C and C/C-SiC composites (2002)

To measure the thermal properties of C/C and C/C-SiC composites constituents, photoreflectance microscopy is used. Specific methods are developed to cope with experimental artefacts (material semi-transparency, convolution effects), so as with fibers and matrix specificities (strong thermal anisotropy, geometric effects…). Experimental results are presented demonstrating the interest of photoreflectance microscopy for a quantitative determination of the microscopic thermal properties of these complex graphite materials.
Enhancing sensitivity of lateral flow assay with application to SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Lateral flow assay (LFA) has long been used as a biomarker detection technique. It has advantages such as low cost, rapid readout, portability, and ease of use. However, its qualitative readout process and lack of sensitivity are limiting factors. We report a photon-counting approach to accurately quantify LFAs while enhancing sensitivity. In particular, we demonstrate that the density of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be quantified and measured with an enhanced sensitivity using this simple laser optical analysis.
Pentoxifylline Ameliorates Mechanical Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. (2016)

Pentoxifylline alleviated chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines in dorsal root ganglia and may be effective chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in patients.
µm-class Control of Relative Position and Attitude for a Formation Flying Synthetic Aperture Telescope with Micro-satellites (2021)

Earth remote sensing from geostationary orbit (GEO) can realize high temporal resolution; however, the spatial resolution is commonly worse than observation from low Earth orbit. In order to achieve high-frequency and high-resolution GEO remote sensing, a “Formation Flying Synthetic Aperture Telescope (FFSAT)” with multiple micro-satellites has been proposed. The FFSAT greatly improves the spatial resolution using a synthetic aperture technique. Therefore the relative positions and attitudes between the optical units of each satellite must be controlled with an accuracy better than 1/10 of the observation wavelength. However, even mm-class accuracy control has not been demonstrated on orbit. As a first practical application of the FFSAT, a forest fire monitoring mission using infrared rays is being considered, in which control accuracy requirement is relaxed as its wavelength is longer than visible light. We proposed a point spread function optimization method for controlling formation flying with an accuracy of approximately 1–1,000 times the wavelength (1 µm–1 mm) in the absence of sensors, which can measure absolute distance with µm-accuracy. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated through simulations in which the satellites’ system and the optical system are coupled. The simulation results show that the method can control the formation within the wavelength order.
Reduced-computation end-game steering laws for predictive guidance (1995)

A reduced-computation end-game (RCEG) steering law is derived for predictive guidance and simulated for class of command guided weapons. The RCEG law considers maneuver control system response dynamics and variable axial and normal accelerations. It substantially reduces the guidance computational burden, while achieving accuracy comparable to that realizable with iterative predictive guidance (IPG). With IPG, each iteration requires numerical integration of vehicle equations of motion to predict the miss distance, whereas the RCEG law is noniterative and requires no integration. RCEG guidance uses closed-form miss distance estimates based upon lumped-parameter rotational and translational dynamics. Results of six-degree-of-freedom simulation of hypersonic intercept weapon system indicate that the RCEG law, compared with representative form of IPG, has miss distances that are statistically similar to those of IPG but computational burden smaller by factor of approximately 36. A a , a2, a3
Cholinergic synaptic vesicle heterogeneity: evidence for regulation of acetylcholine transport (1988)

Crude cholinergic synaptic vesicles from a homogenate of the electric organ of Torpedo californica were centrifuged to equilibrium in an isosmotic sucrose density gradient. The classical VP1 synaptic vesicles banding at 1.055 g/mL actively transported [3H]acetylcholine (AcCh). An organelle banding at about 1.071 g/mL transported even more [3H]AcCh. Transport by both organelles was inhibited by the known AcCh storage blockers trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, formerly AH5183) and nigericin. Relative to VP1 vesicles the denser organelle was slightly smaller as shown by size-exclusion chromatography. It is concluded that the denser organelle corresponds to the recycling VP2 synaptic vesicle originally described in intact Torpedo marmorata electric organ [Zimmermann, H., & Denston, C.R. (1977) Neuroscience (Oxford) 2, 695-714; Zimmermann, H., & Denston, C.R. (1977) Neuroscience (Oxford) 2, 715-730]. The properties of the receptor for vesamicol were studied by measuring binding of [3H]vesamicol, and the amount of SV2 antigen characteristic of secretory vesicles was assayed with a monoclonal antibody directed against it. Relative to VP1 vesicles the VP2 vesicles had a ratio of [3H]AcCh transport activity to vesamicol receptor concentration that typically was 4-7-fold higher, whereas the ratio of SV2 antigen concentration to vesamicol receptor concentration was about 2-fold higher. Based on an antibody standardization, in a typical preparation the VP1 vesicles contained 237 +/- 15 pmol of receptor/mg of protein whereas VP2 vesicles contained 102 +/- 3 pmol of receptor/mg of protein, and VP2 vesicles transported AcCh 2-3-fold more actively than VP1 vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stereospecific synthesis of retronecine by imidate methylide cycloaddition (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific synthesis of retronecine by imidate methylide cycloadditionE. Vedejs and G. R. MartinezCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 27, 7993–7994Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00547a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Design of infrared wavelength-selective microbolometers using planar multimode detectors</title> (2005)

Multimode microbolometers for wavelength-selective infrared detection have been designed using a Genetic Algorithm and an electromagnetic model of the planar antenna. Wavelength selectivity can be varied by changing the distance to a tuning mirror, or by changing only lithographically drawn parameters, with bandwidth narrower than Fabry-Perot microbolometers. The design of a three color system covering the 7-14 micron band is presented.
Fingerprint Image Reconstruction from Standard Templates (2007)

A minutiae-based template is a very compact representation of a fingerprint image and for a long time it has been assumed that it did not contain enough information to allow the reconstruction of the original fingerprint. This work proposes a novel approach to reconstruct fingerprint images from standard templates and investigates to what extent the reconstructed images are similar to the original ones (i.e., those the templates were extracted from). The efficacy of the reconstruction technique has been assessed by estimating the success chances of a masquerade attack against nine different fingerprint recognition algorithms. The experimental results show that the reconstructed images are very realistic and that, although it is unlikely they can fool a human expert, there is a high chance to deceive state-of-the-art commercial fingerprint recognition systems.
A technique for autonomous underwater vehicle route planning (2002)

An algorithm that uses artificial potential fields to aid in the path planning of autonomous underwater vehicles is presented. The planning consists of applying potential fields around the obstacles and using the field to select a safe path for the robot to follow. In the method presented, a trial path is chosen and then modified under the influence of the potential field until an appropriate path is found. By considering the entire path, the problem of being trapped in a local minimum is greatly reduced, allowing the method to be used for global planning. The algorithm was tried with success on many different planning problems. The examples illustrate the algorithm applied to 2D and 3D planning problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>