gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Oxidation in Molten Carbonate: Mechanistic Analysis of Potential Sweep Data (1989)

The hydrogen oxidation reaction on copper in molten carbonate was studied using the potential sweep technique. The experimental results show that no reactants or products are strongly adsorbed on the electrode surface; however, the voltammograms do suggest a weak adsorption of hydrogen. The role of OH− ions as a reaction intermediate is discussed and its effect on the determination of kinetic parameters is considered.
Comparison of Rotordynamic Analysis Predictions With the Test Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for Oil Free Turbomachinery (2006)

Current applications of gas film bearings in high-speed oil-free microturbomachinery (&lt;0.4 MW) require calibrated predictive tools to successfully deploy their application to mass-produced systems, for example, oil-free turbochargers. The present investigation details the linear rotordynamic analysis of a test rotor supported on externally pressurized gas bearings. Model predictions are compared with the test rotordynamic response determined through comprehensive experiments conducted on a small rotor supported on three lobed hybrid (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic) rigid gas bearings. Predictions for the rotor-bearing system synchronous response to imbalance show good agreement with measurements during rotor coastdowns, and manifest a decrease in damping ratio as the level of external pressurization increases. The rotor-bearing eigenvalue analysis forwards natural frequencies in accordance with the measurements, and null damping ratios evidence the threshold speeds of rotordynamic instability. Estimated whirl frequency ratios are typically 50% of rotor speed, thus predicting subsynchronous instabilities at lower rotor speeds than found experimentally when increasing the magnitude of feed pressurization. Rationale asserting the nature of the discrepancies calls for further analysis.
Screening for Fuel Economy: A Case Study of Supersaturated Designs in Practice (2010)

ABSTRACT A successful use of supersaturated design and analysis is demonstrated through a case study completed at the Lubrizol Corporation. In the study, a 28-run supersaturated design is used to screen the effects of more than 70 possible model terms (linear effects, quadratic effects, interactions, and measured covariates) on engine motor oil coefficient of friction (COF). Of the over 70 model terms of interest, 50 are two-way linear interactions. A Lubrizol-developed model-averaging technique known as Bayesian variable assessment (BVA) is used to identify the important high-level factors and model terms from the experiment. This study is unique in the literature due to complications in multiple factor levels, physical correlations and constraints on the factors, curvature, and the desire to screen for a large amount of interactions. The test results are subject to common cause variation and unknown special causes such as operator error and test instrument error. Due to time and cost constraints, supersaturated designs are necessary to screen for phenomena such as gasoline-powered engine fuel economy. Based on the results from a 10-run follow-up experiment, the use of the supersaturated design analyzed using BVA is concluded to be a success in this case study.
Evaluation of Transduction Properties of an Adenovirus Vector in Neonatal Mice (2015)

In gene therapy for congenital disorders, treatments during neonate and infant stages are promising. Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used in gene therapy studies of genetic disorders; however, the transduction properties of Ad vectors in neonates and infants have not been fully examined. Accordingly, this study examined the properties of Ad vector-mediated transduction in neonatal mice. A first-generation Ad vector containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven luciferase expression cassette was administered to neonatal mice on the second day of life via retro-orbital sinus. The highest Ad vector genome copy numbers and transgene expression were found in the neonatal liver. The neonatal heart exhibited the second highest levels of transgene expression among the organs examined. There was an approximately 1500-fold difference in the transgene expression levels between the adult liver and heart, while the neonatal liver exhibited only an approximately 30-fold higher level of transgene expression than the neonatal heart. A liver-specific promoter for firefly luciferase expression conferred a more than 100-fold higher luciferase expression in the liver relative to the other organs. No apparent hepatotoxicity was observed in neonatal mice following Ad vector administration. These findings should provide valuable information for gene therapy using Ad vectors in neonates and infants.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics ofPhytophthoraEpidemics in Commercial Bell Pepper Fields (1993)

Epidemics in bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici were monitored in three commercial fields to characterize the spatial pattern of disease and to gain a preliminary indication of dispersal mechanisms that may influence spatial disease progress. Disease incidence increased from 3.8 to 35.8% and from 13.6 to 38.5%, and the final percentage of quadrats with plants with wilt, crown lesions, stem lesions, or dead plants was 15.8, 16.8, 15.5, and 15.3 in field one and 16.5, 23.5, 10.5, and 31 in field two, respectively. In field three, disease incidence increased from 15.9 to 22.6% in the upper portion of the field and from 53.1 to 67.3% in the lower portion of the field [...]
Influence of cable structure on the fault location by frequency domain reflectometry (2015)

The authors have demonstrated that the estimation of the precise locations of points in cables aged thermally or mechanically or by the irradiation of gamma rays is possible by a combination of frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). This paper examines how this ability of fault location depends on the type and structure of the cable, using several kinds of polymer insulated cables such as triple core cables insulated with flame-retardant ethylene propylene diene copolymer (FR-EPDM), dual core cables insulated with silicone rubber (SiR) or crosslinked polyolefin (XLPO), and coaxial cylindrical cables insulated with low density polyethylene (LDPE). As a result, for cables with lengths of 16 to 72 m, the maximum sensitivity is attained when the highest frequency of the inputted electromagnetic waves is 1.0 GHz or higher for coaxial cables, but around 600 to 800 MHz for dual or triple core cables.
In situ patterned micro 3D liver constructs for parallel toxicology testing in a fluidic device (2015)

3D tissue models are increasingly being implemented for drug and toxicology testing. However, the creation of tissue-engineered constructs for this purpose often relies on complex biofabrication techniques that are time consuming, expensive, and difficult to scale up. Here, we describe a strategy for realizing multiple tissue constructs in a parallel microfluidic platform using an approach that is simple and can be easily scaled for high-throughput formats. Liver cells mixed with a UV-crosslinkable hydrogel solution are introduced into parallel channels of a sealed microfluidic device and photopatterned to produce stable tissue constructs in situ. The remaining uncrosslinked material is washed away, leaving the structures in place. By using a hydrogel that specifically mimics the properties of the natural extracellular matrix, we closely emulate native tissue, resulting in constructs that remain stable and functional in the device during a 7-day culture time course under recirculating media flow. As proof of principle for toxicology analysis, we expose the constructs to ethyl alcohol (0-500 mM) and show that the cell viability and the secretion of urea and albumin decrease with increasing alcohol exposure, while markers for cell damage increase.
An innovative bioreactor for methane biohydroxylation (2014)

International audience
INCREASED FREQUENCY OF POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOMAS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH CYCLOSPORINE, AZATHIOPRINE, AND PREDNISONE (1989)

We have documented seven B cell lymphomas over a six-month period in 132 (5.3%) kidney and heart allograft recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone (triple therapy). This is a significant increase (P less than 0.0001) over the number of such tumors seen by us previously. Only 2 lymphomas had occurred in 669 cadaver and 29 living-related kidney allografts treated with azathioprine and prednisone alone (0.3%). In 160 cadaver kidney recipients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone there have been no lymphomas. Similarly in 14 living-related kidney recipients who were transplanted since the introduction of triple therapy for cadaver grafts, but continued to receive only azathioprine and prednisone, no lymphomas occurred. There seemed to be a clear relationship between this increase and the use of triple therapy. This led us to examine other possible contributing factors. A case control study has not shown any other factor that differs in patients in whom lymphomas developed. We have only been able to demonstrate Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen in the cells of one tumor. Four of these 7 tumors were monoclonal, one polyclonal, and two indeterminate. All patients had their immunosuppression withdrawn and six received intravenous acyclovir. Three patients have shown some response but four patients died. Triple therapy is being used by many centers to reduce the level of cyclosporine toxicity. We wish to sound a note of caution that this may result in an increased incidence of posttransplant lymphomas.
Ultrasound pressure distributions generated by high frequency transducers in large reactors (2015)

The performance of an ultrasound reactor chamber relies on the sound pressure level achieved throughout the system. The active volume of a high frequency ultrasound chamber can be determined by the sound pressure penetration and distribution provided by the transducers. This work evaluated the sound pressure levels and uniformity achieved in water by selected commercial scale high frequency plate transducers without and with reflector plates. Sound pressure produced by ultrasonic plate transducers vertically operating at frequencies of 400 kHz (120 W) and 2 MHz (128 W) was characterized with hydrophones in a 2 m long chamber and their effective operating distance across the chamber's vertical cross section was determined. The 2 MHz transducer produced the highest pressure amplitude near the transducer surface, with a sharp decline of approximately 40% of the sound pressure occurring in the range between 55 and 155 mm from the transducer. The placement of a reflector plate 500 mm from the surface of the transducer was shown to improve the sound pressure uniformity of 2 MHz ultrasound. Ultrasound at 400 kHz was found to penetrate the fluid up to 2 m without significant losses. Furthermore, 400 kHz ultrasound generated a more uniform sound pressure distribution regardless of the presence or absence of a reflector plate. The choice of the transducer distance to the opposite reactor wall therefore depends on the transducer plate frequency selected. Based on pressure measurements in water, large scale 400 kHz reactor designs can consider larger transducer distance to opposite wall and larger active cross-section, and therefore can reach higher volumes than when using 2 MHz transducer plates.
Epidemiological features of meningiomas: a single Brazilian center’s experience with 993 cases (2021)

Most of the demographic data were similar to what has been observed in other western centers. Differences were higher incidence of meningiomas, female and older predominance in non-operated patients, predominance in Caucasian, and higher association with neurofibromatosis 2.
Intraindividueller Vergleich der hochauflösenden MRT des Handgelenkes mit der Arthroskopie (2007)

Ziele: Analyse der Genauigkeit der hochauflösenden MRT des Handgelenkes und Korrelation der MRT-Befunde mit der Handgelenksarthroskopie Methode: 31 Patienten (11 Frauen, 23Männer, mittleres Alter 40.9 Jahre) wurden mittels hochauflösender MRT in einer speziellen Handgelenksspule mittels coronaren PD oder T1-gewichteter Aufnahmen, einer coronaren medic Sequenz und STIR Sequenz sowie axialen und sagittalen PD Sequenzen untersucht. Im Rahmen der Auswertung erfolgte eine Korrelation von Läsionen des scapholunären (SL) Bandes, des lunotriquetralen (LT) Bandes sowie des fibrocartiloginären Komplex (TFCC) unter Verwendung der folgenden 5-Punkte Skala: 0=Normalbefund, 1=Zerrung, 2=partielle Ruptur, 3=kompletter Ruptur, 4=knöcherner Ausriss. Weiterhin wurden chondrale Läsionen am Os scaphoideum, Os lunatum und Os triquetrum korreliert. Ergebnis: Die Arthroskopie zeigte in 18 Fällen einen pathologischen Befund am TFCC (Zerrung n=1, partielle Ruptur n=11, komplette Ruptur n=5, knöcherner Bandausriss n=1). Die MRT diagnostizierte 17 der 18 Läsionen (94%) korrekt. Eine partielle Ruptur des TCFF wurde fälschlicherweise komplette Ruptur diagnostiziert. Verletzungen des SL-Bandes wurden in 13 der 15 arthroskopisch nachgewiesenen Fälle in der MRT diagnostiziert. 2 arthroskopisch dokumentierte Zerrungen wurden als partielle Rupturen in der MRT beschrieben. In 2 Fällen diagnostizierte die MRT einen knöchernen Bandausriss aufgrund des deutlich nachweisbaren bone bruise. Die Arthroskopie ergab jedoch eine komplette Ruptur ohne knöchernen Ausriss. In 2 Fällen zeigte die Arthroskopie eine partielle Ruptur des LT-Bandes, die beide in der MRT übersehen worden sind. Sowohl die MRT als auch die Arthroskopie zeigte eine chondrale Läsion am Os scaphoideum in 4 Fällen. 2 chondrale Läsionen am Os triquetrum wurden in der MRT übersehen und in 4 von 6 Fällen wurde eine chondrale Läsion am Os lunatum falsch positiv diagnostiziert. Schlussfolgerung: Die hochauflösende MRT ist sehr zuverlässig und hilfreich in der präoperativen Diagnostik von Rupturen des TFCC, des SL-Bandes sowie chondralen Läsionen am Os scaphoideum. Die MRT hat immer noch Problem in der Beurteilung des LT-Bandes sowie der chondralen Läsionen am Os lunatum und triquetrum.
Synthesis,modification and application of water based chloroprene latexes (2012)

The environmental friendly,nontoxic and incombustible water based chloroprene latexes had become an important branch of chloroprene rubber.The methods of synthesis and modification for water based chloroprene latexes were introduced.Simultaneously,the applications of water based chloroprene latexes were also summarized.
A control strategy based on the upper and lower's arms modulation functions of MMC in HVDC applications (2018)

A control strategy Is proposed In this paper based on considering the upper and lower's arms modulation functions of a MMC in HVDC applications. The designed modulation-functions-based controller is consisted of the modulation index and phase that are accurately evaluated according to ac-side voltage, MMC voltage and current components in a-b-c reference frame. Two main contributions of the proposed control strategy over the other existing control techniques are robust against the MMC parameter variations and simplicity operation that causes MMC to perform the ac/dc conversion for the HVDC applications. The simulation results verify the ability of the proposed control strategy at approaching to the stable performance of MMC under various operating conditions.
Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representations (2019)

Unsupervised learning with generative models has the potential of discovering rich representations of 3D scenes. While geometric deep learning has explored 3D-structure-aware representations of scene geometry, these models typically require explicit 3D supervision. Emerging neural scene representations can be trained only with posed 2D images, but existing methods ignore the three-dimensional structure of scenes. We propose Scene Representation Networks (SRNs), a continuous, 3D-structure-aware scene representation that encodes both geometry and appearance. SRNs represent scenes as continuous functions that map world coordinates to a feature representation of local scene properties. By formulating the image formation as a differentiable ray-marching algorithm, SRNs can be trained end-to-end from only 2D images and their camera poses, without access to depth or shape. This formulation naturally generalizes across scenes, learning powerful geometry and appearance priors in the process. We demonstrate the potential of SRNs by evaluating them for novel view synthesis, few-shot reconstruction, joint shape and appearance interpolation, and unsupervised discovery of a non-rigid face model.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti‐CD38 cytolytic antibody TAK‐079 in healthy subjects (2020)

TAK-079 was well tolerated and s.c. administration elicited more durable reductions in plasmablasts and NK cells. This plasmacytolytic profile could be useful for treating disorders caused by plasma or NK cells, malignant counterparts, and/or pathogenic antibodies.
Endothelin-1 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes triggers nitric oxide production and upregulates collagenase production (2005)

Abstract The mechanism of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, MMP-1 production and MMP-13 production was investigated in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. The cells were isolated from human articular cartilage obtained at surgery and were cultured in the absence or presence of ET-1 with or without inhibitors of protein kinase or LY83583 (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and of cGMP). MMP-1, MMP-13 and NO levels were then measured by ELISA and Griess reaction, respectively. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated forms of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p44/42, stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-N-terminal kinase and serine-threonine Akt kinase were determined by western blot. Results show that ET-1 greatly increased MMP-1 and MMP-13 production, iNOS expression and NO release. LY83583 decreased the production of both metalloproteases below basal levels, whereas the inhibitor of p38 kinase, SB202190, suppressed ET-1-stimulated production only. Similarly, the ET-1-induced NO production was partially suppressed by the p38 kinase inhibitor and was completely suppressed by the protein kinase A kinase inhibitor KT5720 and by LY83583, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes in relevant ET-1 signalling pathways. In human osteoarthritis chondrocytes, ET-1 controls the production of MMP-1 and MMP-13. ET-1 also induces NO release via iNOS induction. ET-1 and NO should thus become important target molecules for future therapies aimed at stopping cartilage destruction.
Sex- and morph-specific predation risk: Colour or behaviour dependency? (2004)

The coexistence of discrete morphs within a species, with one morph more conspicuous than the other(s) is often thought to result from both sexual selection and predation. In many damselflies, sexual dimorphism occurs jointly with multiple female colour morphs. Typically, one morph is coloured like the male (andromorph), while the other(s) is not (gynomorph(s)). The mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of such female polymorphism in damselflies remain poorly understood, especially the role of predation. We tested the detectability of two different female colour morphs of the damselfly, Enallagma cyathigerum, using human observers as model predators; andromorphs were detected more frequently than gynomorphs. Field data on mortality of males and the two different female morphs due to predation or drowning were also collected, and these observations support morph-specific mortality. In natural populations predation risk was higher in males than females; gynomorphs, however, were more prone to predation than andromorphs. Differences in behaviour between morphs, rather than colour, may explain this result.
Supplementary material from "Increased SBPase activity improves photosynthesis and grain yield in wheat grown in greenhouse conditions" (2017)

To meet the growing demand for food, substantial improvements in yields are needed. This is particularly the case for wheat, where global yield has stagnated in recent years. Increasing photosynthesis has been identified as a primary target to achieve yield improvements. To increase leaf photosynthesis in wheat, the level of the Calvin–Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) has been increased through transformation and expression of a <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> SBPase gene construct. Transgenic lines with increased SBPase protein levels and activity were grown under greenhouse conditions and showed enhanced leaf photosynthesis and increased total biomass and dry seed yield. This showed the potential of improving yield potential by increasing leaf photosynthesis in a crop species such as wheat. The results are discussed with regards to future strategies for further improvement of photosynthesis in wheat.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
Simultaneous Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis for Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Co-delivery of Sorafenib and Survivin Small Hairpin RNA (2014)

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major obstacles for successful chemotherapy of HCC. Co-delivery of sorafenib (SF) and survivin shRNA (shSur) was postulated to achieve synergistic effects in reversing MDR, suppressing tumor growth and angiogenesis. For this purpose, in this work, SF and shSur co-loaded pluronic P85-polyethyleneimine/d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanocomplexes (SSNs) were first designed and developed for the treatment of drug resistant HCC. The experimental results showed that SSNs could achieve effective cellular internalization and shSur transfection efficiency, induce significant downregulation of the survivin protein, and cause remarkable cell arrest and cell apoptosis. The tube formulation assay demonstrated that SSNs completely disrupted the enclosed capillary networks formed by human microvascular endothelial cells. The in vivo antitumor efficacy showed that SSNs were superior to that of other treatments on drug resistant hepatocellular tumor models. Therefore, it could be an efficient strategy to co-deliver SF and shSur for therapy of drug resistant HCC.