gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic compounds using Ru nanocatalysts in ionic liquids (2017)

N-Heterocyclic compounds have been tested in the selective hydrogenation catalysed by small 1–3 nm sized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in various imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs).
LoRa-Empowered Multi-User Communication for IoT Wireless Networks (2022)

&lt;p&gt;The emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has led to the development of new energy efficient and long-range wireless technologies, which are necessary for the successful realization of IoT applications. Within this context, long range (LoRa) has emerged as one of the prominent low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that is envisioned to accommodate the future IoT requirements. However, current LoRa frameworks suffer from limited network capacity, particularly in dense deployments. Consequently, power domain-superposition modulation (PD-SPM) is integrated with LoRa to alleviate the aforementioned problem. In this paper, the error rate performance of a LoRa-enabled PD-SPM system is investigated over Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, symbol error rate (SER) expressions are derived to characterize the performance of an arbitrary number of users under extreme fading conditions. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to validate the analytical framework.&lt;/p&gt;
Treatment of Antibiotic-ResistantHelicobacter pyloriInfection (1998)

To the Editor: In 1996, several European gastroenterologists recommended that first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection should consist of a proton-pump inhibitor combined with two of th...
Artemin has potent neurotrophic actions on injured C‐fibres (2006)

In this study, we have investigated the effects of artemin (ARTN), one of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors, on C-fibres following nerve injury in the adult rat. GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRalpha) 3, the ligand binding domain of the ARTN receptor, is expressed in 34% of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, predominantly in the peptidergic population of C-fibres and in a proportion of the isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding population. Interestingly, only 30% of GFRalpha3-expressing DRG cells co-expressed RET (the signal transducing domain). In agreement with previous studies, treatment with ARTN prevented many of the nerve injury-induced changes in the histochemistry of both the peptidergic and the IB4-binding populations of small, but not large, diameter DRG cells. In addition, ARTN treatment maintained C-fibre conduction velocity, and C-fibre evoked substance P release within the dorsal horn following nerve injury. ARTN was also protective following capsaicin treatment, which produces selective C-fibre injury. Given the potent neurotrophic actions of ARTN on C-fibres, it may therefore provide potential for the treatment of nerve injury, particularly in the maintenance of small fibre function.
Determination of the trap energy levels and the emitter area dependence of noise in polyemitter bipolar junction transistors from generation–recombination noise spectra (1992)

A noise model for bipolar junction transistors based on generation–recombination (GR) noise originating from the traps located in the space-charge region of the emitter–base junction is derived. The model indicates that the current noise power owing to traps located inside the base–emitter depletion region should be proportional to the square of the collector current and inversely proportional to the emitter area. In addition, the model shows how the activation energy of a trap and the quasi-Fermi level can be related to the rising and falling edges of a GR noise spectrum by plotting the noise power against the reciprocal absolute temperature. Predictions from the noise model were compared with experimental data using seven bipolar transistors with emitter areas varying from 1.6 to 144 μm 2 . The noise measurements were performed at 10 temperatures between 10 and 100 °C and at different biasing currents. From the measurements, the base current noise power spectra [Formula: see text] is found to be proportional to the square of the base current (i b ) and inversely proportional to the square of the emitter area. By plotting the noise power against the reciprocal temperature on a log–log graph and performing a linear least square fit on part of the data, a trap energy level of 821 meV above the valence band was determined.
[Control cycles of mandibular movements as a "slow-reflex" model]. (1991)

The neuromuscular gearing of mandibular movements is of complex nature. In this Context of a feedback system peripherical afferent stimuli represent the input, where as the efferent motoric stimuli the output. The pyramidal, extrapyramidal system and the influence of the cerebellum is discussed. The mandibular movement follows a slow reflex pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of New Camphor‐Derived Mercapto Chiral Auxiliaries to the Synthesis of Optically Active Primary Amines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Campylobacter jejuni Drives MyD88-Independent Interleukin-6 Secretion via Toll-Like Receptor 2 (2009)

Gastrointestinal disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni is characterized by localized inflammation and the destruction of the epithelial cell barrier that forms host innate protection against pathogens. This can lead to an imbalance in fluid transport across the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in severe diarrhea. The mechanisms of host cell receptor recognition of C. jejuni and downstream immune signaling pathways leading to this inflammatory disease, however, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanisms involved in C. jejuni induction of the acute-phase inflammatory response regulator interleukin-6 (IL-6). Polarized intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers responded to infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and eight isolates of C. jejuni by an increase in levels of expression and secretion of IL-6. No such IL-6 response, however, was produced upon infection with the human commensal organism Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The IL-6 signaling pathway was further characterized using short interfering RNA complexes to block gene expression. The inhibition of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) expression in this manner did not affect C. jejuni-induced IL-6 secretion, suggesting a MyD88-independent route to IL-6 signal transduction in C. jejuni-infected human epithelial cells. However, a significant reduction in levels of IL-6 was evident in the absence of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) expression, implying a requirement for TLR-2 in C. jejuni recognition. Caco-2 cells were also treated with heat-inactivated and purified membrane components of C. jejuni to isolate the factor responsible for triggering IL-6 signaling. The results demonstrate that C. jejuni surface polysaccharides induce IL-6 secretion from intestinal epithelial cells via TLR-2 in a MyD88-independent manner.
Faster and More Accurate Data Collection for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (2005)

Abstract Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant problem affecting the oil and gas industry, particularly in production operations. The most commonly used means of monitoring MIC is to quantify the number of bacteria capable of growing in various microbial growth media after inoculation with water samples obtained from pipelines/production operations. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the number and type of bacteria present in environmental samples, as measured by microbial growth tests, does not correlate well with the presence or extent of corrosion in pipelines, and that microbial growth tests are slow and inaccurate. To address this issue GTI has developed genetic techniques to characterize the types and abundance of bacterial species present in oil and gas production operation samples more quickly and with greater accuracy than was previously possible. The ability to obtain MIC data faster and more accurately will assist the oil and gas industry in better understanding and controlling MIC.
Designing, simulating, and manufacturing envelope detector to analyze partial discharge waveform (2015)

Partial discharge (PD) waveform measured by PD measurement system may oscillate or contain high frequency noise. The unsmooth PD waveform is difficult to be analyzed. The PD waveform parameters such as rise time and fall time are difficult to be calculated. Moreover the determination of number and magnitude of PD pulse is also difficult. In order to overcome the problems, it is proposed to envelope the PD waveform by using the envelope circuit. This paper deals with designing, simulating, and manufacturing envelope detector of PD signals. The envelope circuit were implemented in the form of software and hardware.
Clinical significance of C4d deposition in stable renal allografts in the early post‐transplantation period (2009)

The clinical significance of C4d positivity in patients with stable graft function is undetermined. This study evaluated the clinical outcome of protocol biopsy-proven C4d-positive renal transplants with stable graft function in the early post-transplantation period. Protocol biopsies (n = 79) were performed on stable allografts on the 14th post-transplant day, and indication biopsies (n = 74) were performed on dysfunctioning allografts within one yr after transplantation. Clinical and histological findings, graft function and graft survival rates were compared between C4d-positive and C4d-negative grafts in each group. The incidence of C4d positivity was 5.1% in protocol biopsies and 9.5% in indication biopsies. In protocol biopsies, C4d-positive allografts showed minimal tubulointerstitial inflammation, and the graft function and graft survival rate did not differ from C4d-negative allografts. All C4d-positive allografts maintained stable graft function without anti-rejection therapy, and follow-up biopsies of two patients showed no C4d deposition or evidence of rejection. On the other hand, C4d-positive allografts in indication biopsies showed severe tissue injury, and the graft survival rate was significantly lower than C4d-negative allografts. In conclusion, C4d-positive allografts with stable graft function in the early post-transplantation period take an indolent course.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Auxiliary Mediated Pictet—Spengler Reactions: Asymmetric Syntheses of (‐)‐Laudanosine, (+)‐Glaucine, and (‐)‐Xylopinine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interspecies cross-reactivity of a monoclonal antibody directed against wheat chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. (1996)

The primary structure of several chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (CFBPase) was deduced from DNA sequences, but only spinach, pea and rapeseed enzymes have been characterized structurally. We analyzed whether CFBPases from different phylogenetic origin contain a common epitope. To this end a DNA fragment of 1200 base pairs encoding 338 amino acid residues of wheat CFBPase (38 kDa) was cloned in the expression plasmid pGEX-1 in frame with the gene coding for glutathione S-transferase (GT) of Schistosoma japonicun (26.5 kDa). Upon transformation of Escherichia coli and induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, centrifugation of the lysate partitioned 10% of the fusion protein in the supernatant fraction and the remaining 90% in the precipitate. The expected 65 kDa protein was purified from both the soluble and the particulate fraction by affinity chromatography on columns of glutathione-agarose. This fusion protein was successfully used to produce a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognized the CFBPase region of the fusion protein but not the GT moiety. Moreover, the monoclonal antibody immunoreacted not only with polypeptides (ca. 40 kDa) present in leaf crude extracts of other varieties of wheat (Triticum spelta, T. aestivum and T. durum), but also with homogeneous preparations of the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) enzymes. Thus, the cross reaction of this monoclonal antibody with counterparts from different plant species indicates the persistency of a common epitope through biological evolution.
Analysis of 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and Other Dimethoxyphenyl-N-[(2-Methoxyphenyl) Methyl]Ethanamine Derivatives on Blotter Paper (2015)

In recent years, N-methoxybenzyl-methoxyphenylethylamine (NBOMe) derivatives, a class of designer hallucinogenic drugs, have become popular drugs of abuse. These drugs have been the cause of severe intoxications and even deaths. They act as 5-HT2A receptors agonists and have been reported to produce serotonin-like syndrome with bizarre behavior, severe agitation and seizures persisting for as long as 3 days. The most commonly reported derivatives are 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe, respectively 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl]ethanamine, N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine and N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine. Like many low dose hallucinogenic drugs these compounds are often sold on blotter paper. Three different types of commercially available blotter papers reported to contain NBOMe derivatives were obtained. These blotter papers were screened using Direct Analysis in Real Time AccuTOF(TM) mass spectrometry followed by confirmation and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrapole mass spectrometry. The major drug present on each of the three blotter products was different, 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe or 25B-NBOMe. The blotter papers were also found to have minute amounts of two or three NBOMe derivative impurities of 25H-NBOMe, 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe and/or 25D-NBOMe.
Terahertz transmission spectroscopic analysis of mono- and di-substituted hydroxynaphthalenes in the 0.5- to 6- THz region using GaP THz wave generator (2006)

We report the room temperature terahaertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy measurements of mono-and di-substituted hydroxynaphthalenes in the 0.5-to 6-THz region using a GaP THz wave generator. Several absorption peaks were observed and ascribed to be the fundamental vibrational modes of each of the isomers which were also validated by ab initio calculations. The absorption peak at 4 THz is attributed to the twisting of the 1,4-naphthol about its longer axis while the absorption peak at 5 THz is due to the butterfly motion of the naphthol about its shorter axis.
Normative values for circulating intestinal fatty acid binding protein and calprotectin across gestational ages (2020)

Serum IFABP and calprotectin fluctuate over time. Infants had low levels of IFABP during the first week of life, independent of gestational age, and levels increased longitudinally in premature infants. Calprotectin levels generally declined over time. Normative data for infants is necessary to establish meaningful cut-off levels for clinical use.
The Reaction of Vicinal Dinitro Compounds with Tin(II) Chloride (1979)

Abstract The reactions of vicinal dinitro compounds with tin(II) chloride have been studied. The reactions of α,β-diaryl vicinal dinitro compounds and tin(II) chloride in polar solvents gave the corresponding olefins in good yields. The aliphatic vicinal dinitro compounds did not react with tin(II) chloride under the same reaction conditions. A reaction mechanism of elimination involving a radical anion intermediate has been proposed.
NAND-NOR (2017)

The And-Inverter Cone has been introduced as an alternative logic element to the look-up table in FPGAs, since it improves their performance and resource utilization. However, further analysis of the AIC design showed that it suffers from the delay discrepancy problem. Furthermore, the existing AIC cluster design is not properly optimized and has some unnecessary logic that impedes its performance. Thus, we propose in this work a more efficient logic element called NAND-NOR and a delay-balanced dual-phased multiplexers for the input crossbar. Our simulations show that the NAND-NOR brings substantial reduction in delay discrepancy with a 14% to 46% delay improvement when compared to AICs. And, along with the other modifications, it reduces the total cluster area by about 27%, when compared to the reference AIC cluster. Testing the new architecture on a large set of benchmarks shows an improvement of the delay-area product by about 44% and 21% for the MCNC and VTR benchmarks, respectively, when compared to LUT-based cluster. This improvement reaches 31% and 19%, respectively, when compared to the AIC-based architecture.
MobileWorks: Designing for Quality in a Managed Crowdsourcing Architecture (2012)

Online labor marketplaces offer the potential to automate tasks too difficult for computers, but don't always provide accurate results. MobileWorks is a crowd platform that departs from the marketplace model to provide robust, high-accuracy results using three new techniques. A dynamic work-routing system identifies expertise in the crowd and ensures that posted work completes within a bounded time with fair wages. A peer-management system helps prevent wrong answers. Last, social interaction techniques let best workers manage and teach other crowd members. This process allows the crowd to collaboratively learn how to solve new tasks.
Sequential Cervical Specimens and the Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis (1983)

For 260 consecutive patient visits by women to a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, four cervical specimens were cultured in duplicate for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sixty-one positive results were detected by at least one of the four specimens; the first two specimens detected 67-69% and the last two 80-82% of the 61 positives. The difference in these isolation rates is statistically significant (P = 0.003). Duplicate cultures of the same specimen did not significantly increase detection rates. A combination of two specimens could increase the number detected by 44.7% beyond the results of a single-specimen culture. Contamination rates were higher for the first two specimens. Routine cleaning of the cervical canal with a swab before the taking of specimens should reduce contamination and increase the probability of obtaining infected cells when they are present.
Innate Immunity and Organ Transplantation: The Potential Role of Toll-like Receptors (2005)

Traditionally, the recognition and tolerance of transplanted grafts has been considered to be within the realm of the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity, on the other hand, as the first line of host defense, plays a role in fighting against invading microorganisms. Recently, with the discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the role of innate immune responses in the control of adaptive immunity has become a new area of interest. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microorganisms, TLRs can be activated by endogenous ligands, expressed by mammalian cells. These 'danger signals' may participate in ischemia-reperfusion related organ damage and subsequently influence function and survival of transplanted grafts. Furthermore, it has been suggested that adaptive immune responses can enhance the acute inflammatory responses controlled by innate immunity in organ transplantation. This review addresses the potential involvement of TLRs in different stages of organ transplantation. Intriguing and controversial findings are presented and discussed in order to stimulate more attention to this emerging and potentially important area of research in organ transplantation.
Atorvastatin Induces T Cell Anergy via Phosphorylation of ERK1 (2005)

Modulation of T cell response is a novel property of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors. Previously we reported the benefits of atorvastatin treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the murine model of the T cell-mediated autoimmune disorder multiple sclerosis, in which a blockade of the T cell cycle by atorvastatin was attributed to an accumulation of the negative regulator p27(Kip1). We show in this report that, in line with the documented role of p27(Kip1) in T cell anergy, treatment with atorvastatin results in a deficient response to a second productive stimulus in human T cells. This effect of atorvastatin was dependent on HMG-CoA reduction and required IL-10 signaling. Importantly, atorvastatin induced an early and sustained phosphorylation of ERK1, but not ERK2, which was crucial for the induction of anergy. On the basis of the therapeutic impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, the present findings should pave the way for future therapeutic concepts related to tolerance induction in neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
Analysis Of Vibratory Stress Of Integral Shroud Blade For Mechanical Drive Steam Turbine. (2007)

The advanced integral shroud blade (ISB) structure has been developed to improve the reliability and thermal efficiency of mechanical drive steam turbines.This advanced ISB has been applied to not only the control stage blades but also the intermediate stage blades.Turbines using these advanced blades have been successfully operated.This paper presents the analysis method to calculate the vibratory stresses of the ISB caused by the stage interaction force and the shock load.The vibration response characteristics are explained and comparisons are made to the advanced ISB structure and the conventional grouped blade structure, using the calculated results.Additional verification test results to confirm the validity of the proposed analysis method are also shown.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И РАЗРАБОТКА МАГНЕТРОНОВ В КОРОТКОВОЛНОВОЙ ЧАСТИ МИЛЛИМЕТРОВОГО ДИАПАЗОНА ДЛИН ВОЛН (2021)

Представлены результаты расчетных работ по исследованию процессов возбуждения колебаний в магнетроне с использованием компьютерного моделирования в 2- и 3-миллиметровом диапазоне длин волн, проводимых в АО «Плутон». Приведены экспериментальные данные линейки магнетронов, сконструированных на основании расчетных моделе