gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Streamlining weaning: protocols and weaning units (2005)

Use of weaning protocols and specialised weaning units for patients who fail to wean from mechanical ventilation

Discontinuation of ventilation is estimated to take up to 40% of the total duration of ventilatory support, and around 3–6% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) require a prolonged course of mechanical ventilation (MV).1 Patients being liberated from ventilatory support therefore occupy a significant number of ICU beds and have a major impact on healthcare resources. There have been several recent key developments in the field of weaning—the use of weaning protocols, ventilatory strategies to reduce the need for invasive ventilation and facilitate successful extubation, and the creation of regional long term ventilator units. All have the potential to affect weaning outcome, but how valuable are they in practice?

In 1996 Ely and colleagues2 showed that the implementation of a standardised protocol of daily trials of spontaneous breathing performed by nursing staff reduced the total duration of MV from 6 to 4.5 days, and complications such as need for reintubation, tracheostomy, and duration of MV >21 days were also decreased, resulting in a reduction in ICU costs. Similar protocols have reduced the duration of MV, although not necessarily ICU stay.3 Smyrnios et al 4 implemented a hospital-wide weaning protocol and found a decrease in the need for tracheostomy by a third and a reduction in mean hospital stay from 37.5 to 24.7 days, resulting in a 30% fall in cost per case.

Despite these findings, weaning protocols have not been taken up universally. For example, in a survey of ICUs in England commissioned by the Department of Health, protocol directed weaning was reported in less than one in five units.5 This may be due to a variety of reasons including differences in healthcare practice and cultures, …
Optimizing electromagnetic enhancement of flexible nano-imprinted hexagonally patterned surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates (2011)

The production of inexpensive, large-scale, uniform substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a key to popularize its usage in chemical and biological detection. We demonstrate a flexible nano-imprinted hexagonally patterned SERS-active substrate. Its electromagnetic enhancement factor was optimized by the thickness adjustment of its silver over-coated film. The experimental data show a good correspondence with the theoretical prediction. Such substrate was shown to exhibit high uniformity and reproducibility with a variation of less than 2%, offering a potential of greatly exploiting such substrate in infield biocide monitoring.
A graph theoretical interpretation of nonsymmetric permutation on sparse matrices (1977)

Abstract In the tableau approach to large‐electrical‐network analysis, as well as in structure analysis, the finite‐element method, linear programming etc., a very sparse linear algebraic set of equations Ax = b has to be solved repeatedly. To efficiently solve the system via Gaussian elimination, an optimization problem has to be faced: the selection of a pivot strategy to maintain the sparsity of the matrix A . It is possible also to follow a different strategy to fully exploit the sparsity of A , i.e. to transform A into an equivalent but more convenient form. Both of these problems have been studied and partially solved by means of directed graphs associated with A when symmetric permutations on A are allowed. In this paper, a graph theoretical interpretation has been given to nonsymmetric permutations on A , which can be considered a fundamental step towards the solution of the above‐mentioned optimization problems. This interpretation is obtained through decomposition theorems on nonsymmetric permutations, correspondence theorems between column (row) permutations and topological operations on a directed graph representing A .
Differential cross section measurements for γn→π−p above the first nucleon resonance region (2017)

The quasifree $\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p(p)$ differential cross section has been measured with CLAS at photon beam energies ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ from 0.445 to 2.510 GeV (corresponding to $W$ from 1.311 to 2.366 GeV) for pion center-of-mass angles $cos{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{c.m.}$ from $\ensuremath{-}0.72$ to 0.92. A correction for final state interactions has been applied to these data to extract the $\ensuremath{\gamma}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ differential cross sections. These cross sections are quoted in 8428 $({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},cos{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{c.m.})$ bins, a factor of nearly 3 increase in the world statistics for this channel in this kinematic range. These new data help to constrain coupled-channel analysis fits used to disentangle the spectrum of ${N}^{*}$ resonances and extract their properties. Selected photon decay amplitudes ${N}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}n$ at the resonance poles are determined for the first time and are reported here.
An RNA Polymerase II Elongation Factor Encoded by the Human ELL Gene (1996)

The human ELL gene on chromosome 19 undergoes frequent translocations with the trithorax-like MLL gene on chromosome 11 in acute myeloid leukemias. Here, ELL was shown to encode a previously uncharacterized elongation factor that can increase the catalytic rate of RNA polymerase II transcription by suppressing transient pausing by polymerase at multiple sites along the DNA. Functionally, ELL resembles Elongin (SIII), a transcription elongation factor regulated by the product of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. The discovery of a second elongation factor implicated in oncogenesis provides further support for a close connection between the regulation of transcription elongation and cell growth.
INVESTIGATING ROCK-FACE BOUNDARY EFFECTS ON CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS (2011)

This paper covers the experimental study of water-gas capillary pressure and relative permeability in laboratory scale using the centrifuge spinning disk method to investigate the rock-face boundary effects. The capillary pressure wetting-phase saturation data were first generated using both the centrifuge spinning disk setup and the porous plate setup for the same samples. These measurements are performed to validate the accuracy of the centrifuge spinning disk method. Using the measured capillary pressure data, relative permeability relationships were estimated for each sample by history-matching production and saturation distribution data. The production data was monitored for each disk-shaped rock sample using two different experimental conditionsone by sealing the top and bottom faces of the sample and the other without sealing the rock faces. This is done to investigate the effects of sealing the tested samples on the measured data and ultimately on the relative permeability. Results show that the measured capillary pressure data generated using the spinning disk method are in agreement with the capillary pressure data generated with the porous plate method. Results also showed that the gas and brine relative permeabilities are independent of the rock sealing conditions. The average variation between the two methods used was in the order of 2% with a standard deviation of 2.2%. Capillary pressure data measured using cases with unsealed boundaries were practically a reproduction of capillary pressure data for the same core samples with sealed boundaries. The average variation between these methods was approximately 2.3% with a standard deviation of 2.6%. Capillary pressure and relative permeability are of great importance to petroleum engineers attempting to understand and predict the behavior of various petroleum recovery processes. Accurate determination of relative permeability data is essential for estimating the free water saturation, aiding in evaluating drill-stem and production tests, and estimating the residual saturations. This accuracy of the capillary pressure data and the precession of generated relative permeability data is a consequence of the refinement of the spinning disk setup. The improvement consists of modification of the core holder and adaptation of better lighting conditions. With this procedure, direct determination of capillary pressure saturation data is possible for the equilibrium saturation distribution.
Adult Mental Health Services in a Health Maintenance Organization (1979)

The authors describe an adult mental health service within a health maintenance organization and present information on the department's setting, staffing patterns, programs, and philosophy. They believe that the emphasis on brief focal psychotherapy, the staff of mental health care providers who are committed to this type of setting, and the thorough integration of the program into the larger HMO system all contribute to the provision of high-quality services at a reasonable cost.
Parallel Computational Approach to Gradient Based EM Optimization of Passive Microwave Circuits (2015)

Conventional EM optimization aims to use fewest possible fine model evaluations to increase the speed of optimization. In this work, we propose to use a large number of fine model evaluations to achieve an overall speedup. A large number of fine model evaluations allows us to build a surrogate model valid in a large neighborhood. In the proposed technique, these valid surrogate models are used to achieve large and effective optimization updates, thereby resulting in fewer iterations of the optimization process. Valid surrogate models uses many fine model evaluations which are realized in parallel using hybrid distributed shared memory computing platforms. Parallel computation of large number of fine model evaluations reduces the major computational time required for constructing a surrogate model. Furthermore, we exploit trust region algorithms to guarantee convergence and to re-define the fine model evaluation range in each iteration of the proposed optimization algorithm. The proposed technique aims to increase the speed of gradient based EM optimization when no coarse model (e.g., empirical or equivalent circuits) is available. Three typical examples are used to illustrate the proposed technique.
Interpolation-Aware Trajectory Optimization for a Hypersonic Vehicle Using Nonlinear Programming (2005)

In this paper we present a nonlinear programming solution to one of the most challenging problems in trajectory optimization. Unlike most aerospace trajectory optimization problems the ascent phase of a hypersonic vehicle has to undergo large changes in altitude and associated aerodynamic conditions. As a result, its aerodynamic characteristics, as well as its propulsion parameters, undergo drastic changes. Further, the data available through wind tunnel tests are not always smooth. The challenge in solving such problems lies both in the preprocessing of the data as well as in the judicious use of optimization techniques. In this paper we address the problem of range maximization of a hypersonic cruise vehicle. We advocate approximation of the inflnite dimensional optimal control problem, derived from practical considerations of a hypersonic vehicle ascending from an altitude of 16 kms to an altitude of 32 kms with specifled mach numbers and then transferring to the cruise mode, into a set of flnite dimensional nonlinear programming problems. This flnite dimensional approximation is shown to produce acceptable optimized results in terms of angle-of-attack control histories and state behavior. A modiflcation, that exploits the ultimate scheme of linear interpolation of the optimal discrete history, is proposed and is shown to produce accurate results with smaller number of grid points.
Functional Characterization of a Series of Mutant G Protein αq Subunits Displaying Promiscuous Receptor Coupling Properties (1998)

The N termini of two G protein alpha subunits, alphaq and alpha11, differ from those of other alpha subunits in that they display a unique, highly conserved six-amino acid extension (MTLESI(M)). We recently showed that an alphaq deletion mutant lacking these six amino acids (in contrast to wild type alphaq) was able to couple to several different Gs- and Gi/o-coupled receptors, apparently due to promiscuous receptor/G protein coupling (Kostenis, E., Degtyarev, M. Y., Conklin, B. R., and Wess, J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19107-19110). To study which specific amino acids within the N-terminal segment of alphaq/11 are critical for constraining the receptor coupling selectivity of these subunits, this region of alphaq was subjected to systematic deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis. All mutant alphaq constructs (or wild type alphaq as a control) were coexpressed (in COS-7 cells) with the m2 muscarinic or the D2 dopamine receptors, two prototypical Gi/o-coupled receptors, and ligand-induced increases in inositol phosphate production were determined as a measure of G protein activation. Surprisingly, all 14 mutant G proteins studied (but not wild type alphaq) gained the ability to productively interact with the two Gi/o-linked receptors. Similar results were obtained when we examined the ability of selected mutant alphaq subunits to couple to the Gs-coupled beta2-adrenergic receptor. Additional experiments indicated that the functional promiscuity displayed by all investigated mutant alphaq constructs was not due to overexpression (as compared with wild type alphaq), lack of palmitoylation, or initiation of translation at a downstream ATG codon (codon seven). These data are consistent with the notion that the six-amino acid extension characteristic for alphaq/11 subunits forms a tightly folded protein subdomain that is critical for regulating the receptor coupling selectivity of these subunits.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Notch Signaling Promotes Growth and Invasion in Uveal Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 369K&lt;/p&gt;
Spoken Web (2011)

The Spoken Web is a voice-based equivalent of the World Wide Web (WWW), developed by IBM Research Laboratory, India, primarily designed for rural and semi-urban people to provide information of value to them through their mobile or landline phones. This demonstration aims to present the use of VoiceSites for information creation and access for the rural population. VoiceSites can be accessed by calling a phone number and end-users can listen to the content over phone and navigate through voice or the phone keypad. While one demonstration is of creating a VoiceSite, the other is for browsing a multitude of VoiceSites that would also demonstrate conducting transactions across VoiceSites. We will also present the mechanism to search for content on VoiceSites. These demonstrations will help in presenting the concept of the Spoken Web, which we foresee, can have the same effect in the developing regions community which the WWW has done to the developed world over the last decade.
Crystal structure of Tetraaqua(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) sulfate dihydrate and of Tetraaqua(2,2'-bipyridyl)nickel(II) sulfate dihydrate (1984)

The crystal structures of the title compounds, [Ni(OH2)4(en)] [SO4].2H2O, (1), and [Ni(OH2)4(bpy)]- [SO4].2H2O, (2), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at 295 K, being refined by full matrix least-squares methods to residuals of 0.028,0.031 for 1852, 4323 independent 'observed' reflections respectively. Crystals of (1) are monoclinic, C2/c, a 9.459(4), b 12.192(7), c 12.294(3) Å, ß 119.84(4)º, Z 4. In the cation, Ni-N is 2.061(2) Å; Ni-O ( trans to O, N respectively) are 2.106(2), 2.063(2) Å. Instead of being enlarged above 90º as predicted from repulsion theory, the angle between the pair of oxygen atoms trans to nitrogen is diminished, being 87 14(7)º. Crystals of (2) are triclinic, P1, a 11.476(5), b 9.351(5), c 7.793(4) Å, a 77.63(4), ß 83.52(3), ?87.40(4)º, Z 2. In the cation, Ni-N are both 2.063(2) Å. Ni-O ( trans to N, O respectively) are 2.060(2), 2.O42(2); 2.O80(2), 2Å. The short Ni-O distance [2.042(2)Å] is associated with the coordination of a trigonal water molecule.
Cell-free synthesis and membrane-integration of the reaction center subunit H from Rhodobacter capsulatus (1992)

The H-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter capsulatus was synthesized in vitro by programming a R. capsulatus cell-free translation system with isolated H-protein mRNA. When intracytoplasmic membrane vehicles of R. capsulatus were added cotranslationally, newly synthesized H-protein sedimented on sucrose gradients with the membranes. The majority of the membrane-associated H-protein was resistant towards extraction with 6 M urea or 0.2 M Na2CO3 at pH 10.5. The urea-extractibility, however, increased significantly when membranes had been treated with trypsin prior to the insertion of the H-subunit, suggesting that the membrane assembly of the H-protein is dependent on (a) proteinaceous factor(s).
Supplementary Figure 7 from Constitutive Activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Predicts Vorinostat Resistance in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7 from Constitutive Activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Predicts Vorinostat Resistance in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Live cell imaging reveals actin-cytoskeleton-induced self-association of the actin-bundling protein WLIM1 (2014)

There was an error published in J. Cell Sci. 127, 583–598.The last sentence of the Introduction section contained a typographical error. This sentence should read as follows: Together, our data support a multistep process in which F-actin-induced NtWLIM1 self-association operates as a driving force for the zippering of NtWLIM1-decorated AFs.We apologise to the authors and readers for any confusion that this error might have caused.
Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Low endogenous estrogen concentrations after menopause may contribute to higher oxidative stress and greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, differences in oxidative stress between similarly aged premenopausal and postmenopausal women are not well-characterized on a population level. We hypothesized that urinary isoprostane concentrations, a standard measure of systemic oxidative stress, are higher in women who have undergone menopause compared to premenopausal women. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> We examined differences in urinary 8-isoprostane (iPF<sub>2α</sub>-III) and 2,3-dinor-8-isoprostane (iPF<sub>2α</sub>-III-M) indexed to urinary creatinine between 279 postmenopausal and 196 premenopausal women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, using linear regression with progressive adjustment for sociodemographic factors and traditional CVD risk factors. Unadjusted iPF<sub>2α</sub>-III-M concentrations were higher among postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women (Median [25th, 75th percentile]: 1762 [1178, 2974] vs. 1535 [1067, 2462] ng/g creatinine; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Menopause was associated with 25.5% higher iPF<sub>2α</sub>-III-M (95% confidence interval [6.5-47.9]) adjusted for age, race, college education, and field center. Further adjustments for tobacco use (21.2% [2.9-42.6]) and then CVD risk factors (18.8% [0.1-39.6]) led to additional partial attenuation. Menopause was associated with higher iPF<sub>2α</sub>-III in Black but not White women. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We conclude that postmenopausal women had higher oxidative stress, which may contribute to greater CVD risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005130.
Comparative phylogeography of two African carnivorans presumably introduced into Europe: disentangling natural versus human-mediated dispersal across the Strait of Gibraltar (2010)

Aim Natural processes of colonization and human-mediated introductions have shaped current patterns of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin. We use a comparative phylogeographic approach to investigate the genetic structure of Herpestes ichneumon and Genetta genetta (Carnivora) across the Strait of Gibraltar, and test for their supposedly contemporaneous introduction into Iberia. Location Mediterranean Basin and Africa. Methods We sequenced two mitochondrial fragments (cytochrome b and control region) of 91 (H. ichneumon) and 185 (G. genetta) individuals, including the sole archaeological record of G. genetta in Iberia, dating from the Muslim occupation. We used phylogenetic and tokogenetic methods, summary statistics, neutrality tests, geographic–genetic pairwise comparisons and coalescent estimates to explore the history of the two species in the Mediterranean Basin. Results In North Africa, an autochthonous (Clade I) and a western African mtDNA clade, coalescing in the Middle to Late Pleistocene, co-occurred in both species. Only Clade I was present in Europe. In H. ichneumon, the European pool showed deep coalescence (median = 335 kyr) and high genetic differentiation and diversity compared with its North African counterpart, suggesting long-term stability of female effective population size. In sharp contrast, G. genetta in Europe exhibited lower genetic diversity, weak differentiation with North Africa and recent demographic expansion; however, Andalusia and Catalonia (Spain) showed distinctly higher genetic diversity, and the archaeological specimen had the predominant European haplotype. Main conclusions The co-occurrence of autochthonous and sub-Saharan lineages in North Africa (1) supports a new, emerging biogeographic scenario in North Africa, and (2) suggests a connection through the Sahara, possibly from the Middle Pleistocene onwards. Our results refute the idea that H. ichneumon was introduced into Europe contemporaneously with G. genetta. Instead, they support a scenario of sweepstake dispersal during Late Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations, followed by long-term in situ evolution throughout the last glaciation cycles. Genetta genetta appears to have undergone a recent spread from at least two independent introduction ‘hotspots’ in Catalonia and Andalusia, possibly following antique trade routes and/or Muslim invasions. Despite their contrasting histories, the European gene pools of both species represent unusual cases leading to the preservation of autochthonous, North African lineages.