gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAS mutations concordance in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tissue in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): RASANC, an AGEO prospective multicenter study. (2017)

11509 Background: RAS mutational status is required to prescribe anti-EGFR antibodies in mCRC. In comparison to molecular testing from tumor tissue, the characterization of RAS mutations in ctDNA is a promising and credible way to shorten the workflow. This study reports for the first time the performance of plasma testing in a large prospective series. Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected before 1 st line chemotherapy in mCRC patients. ctDNA was centrally assessed by NGS using the colon lung cancer V2 Ampliseq panel and by methylation digital PCR assay (WIF or NPY). Tumor tissue testing was done according to routine practice in each center. We expect a minimal kappa coefficient of 0.7 to reflect concordance. In order to have a precision of ± 0.07 with an estimated 5% of non-exploitable data 425 pts had to be included. Results were analyzed separately in the whole study population and in the subgroup of pts with ctDNA evidenced either by the presence of at least 1 mutation or by the presence of 1 methylated biomarker. Results: From 07/2015 to 12/2016, 425 patients were included, and 406 plasma samples were available for analysis. A RAS mutation was detected in 183 plasma samples (45.1%) As compared to tumor mutational status the kappa coefficient was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.61-0.75) with a concordance of 83.7%. Primary tumor removal, metachronous status, absence of liver metastases and peritoneal carcinomatosis were significantly associated with mutant RAS tumor and negative plasma status. In the subgroup of 324 samples for which ctDNA was evidenced, kappa coefficient was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.80-0.91) with a concordance of 92.9%. 23 pts had discordant results: RAS mutation in tumor tissue and not in ctDNA (15 pts, 4.6%), RAS mutation detected in ctDNA but not in tumor tissue (8 pts, 2.5%). Rectal tumor, absence of liver metastases, peritoneal carcinomatosis and tumor tissue cellularity &lt; 10% were associated with discordant cases. Conclusions: We confirm, in this large prospective multicenter study, the high concordance rate for RAS status assessment between blood and tumor samples. This result argues for the use of blood testing in daily practice for pts with detectable ctDNA. Clinical trial information: NCT02502656.
EUropean real-world outcomes with Pulsed field ablatiOn in patients with symptomatic atRIAl fibrillation: lessons from the multi-centre EU-PORIA registry (2023)

The EU-PORIA registry demonstrates a high single-procedure success rate with an excellent safety profile and short procedure times in a real-world, all-comer AF patient population.
Prebiotics and probiotics – the importance of branding (2012)

The costs of developing a probiotic or prebiotic ingredient have always been substantial. Ingredient characterization, evaluation of technological and physiological properties, and demonstrations of safety and clinical efficacy require expensive research. The demanding regulatory requirements imposed by EFSA raise the bar even higher so that the costs of acquiring the necessary clinical evidence to support labeling of these food ingredients is approaching that of pharmaceuticals. In order to justify investment in such expensive clinical development, companies require certainty that they can gain a return on investment. Patenting can provide some protection but is not always possible to patent ingredients, and the period of protection is limited. All ingredients eventually face the prospect of commoditization once patents expire. Branding strategies offer one means of maintaining adequate product differentiation to protect market share and margins over the long term.
QoS oriented dynamic replica cost model for P2P computing (2005)

Replication to multiple nodes is an effective way to improve the availability in the P2P environment. It is difficult to determine how many replicas can fulfill the availability of user request, because of the unreliable peers, networks and uncertainty of user access mode. We emphasize the availability QoS in the way that replica number should be adaptive to both user demands on service capability and system environment. Aiming to supply service to users with availability QoS at a low replica cost, we introduce a replica cost model to predict the optimal replica number and dynamically control the replicas number and the cost. We compare the cost and availability in our system to those in others under different cost strategies. The result shows that our system provides better availability QoS at an optimal cost. The cost strategies in our model can be flexibly reconfigured according to the replica service providers.
Ultrasound Gel under Radiant Heat Warmers: Are preterm infants at risk of burns? (1999)

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the increase in temperature of ultrasound gel under an infant radiant heat warmer. Materials and methods Ten 10 millilitre blobs of ultrasound gel (EcoGel 200, Eco-Med Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ontario, Canada) were placed on an open cot under a radiant warmer (V-3200N Atom Infant-Warmer, Atom Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) set at maximum heat output. The temperature of the gel blobs was taken with an electronic thermometer (Orion 290A, Orion Research Inc., Boston, USA) every 10 minutes up to 60 minutes. The mean temperature of the 10 blobs were compared using the student t test. Results The gel increased in temperature from a mean of 21.57 degrees C (SD = 0.29) to 26.76 degrees C (SD=0.4) after 60 minutes - an increase of 5.19 degrees C. The rise in temperature reached a plateau after 30-40 minutes. The room temperature was 24.9 degrees C. Conclusion The temperature of ultrasound gel under a radiant heat warmer increases by less than 6 degrees C. It is therefore unlikely that ultrasound gel placed under a radiant heat warmer for less than 1 hour would lead to thermal injury in the neonate.
Finest nanocomposite films from carbon nanotube-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles obtained by the Ouzo effect (2011)

Composite particles, i.e. PMMA nanoparticles trapping one to a few nanotubes in their core, were prepared by a derivative process of the solvent shifting technique, also called the “Ouzo effect”. Particles were converted by simple annealing into nanocomposite films, the thermal resistance of which was evidenced by microcalorimetry and thermogravimetry.
Integrated Electrokinetic Sample Focusing and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging System for Measuring Biomolecular Interactions (2009)

Label-free biomolecular binding measurement methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are becoming increasingly more important for the estimation of real-time binding kinetics. Recent advances in surface plasmon resonance imaging (iSPR) are emerging for label-free microarray-based assay applications, where multiple biomolecular interactions can be measured simultaneously. However, conventional iSPR microarray systems rely on protein printing techniques for ligand immobilization to the gold imaging surface and external pumps for analyte transport. In this article, we present an integrated microfluidics and iSPR platform that uses only electrokinetic transport and guiding of ligands and analytes and, therefore, requires only electrical inputs for sample transport. An important advantage of this new approach, compared to conventional systems, is the ability to direct a single analyte to a specific ligand location in the microarray, which can facilitate analysis parallelization. Additionally, this simple approach does not require complicated microfluidic channel arrangements, external pumps, or valves. As a demonstration, kinetics and affinity have been extracted from measured binding responses of human IgG and goat antihuman IgG using a simple 1:1 model and compared to responses measured with conventional pressure driven analyte transport. The measured results indicate similar binding kinetics and affinity between the electrokinetic and pressure-driven sample manipulation methods and no cross contamination to adjacent measurement locations has been observed.
Volume-Based Morphometry of Brain MR Images in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Healthy Control Subjects (2009)

White matter attenuation in the corpus callosum and left internal capsule, responsible for interhemispheric communication and conduit of the corticothalamic projectional fibers, respectively, were found to be significantly lower in left thoracic AIS compared with control subjects; however, this was not the case in right thoracic AIS. Confirmation of the findings is required in future research, which needs to evaluate the relationship of white matter abnormality to curve laterality, pathogenesis, and prognosis in patients with AIS, with biologic significance and possible therapeutic correction.
Allogeneic Fetal Bone Cranioplasty in <i>Macaca mulatta</i> (1988)

Teratogen-induced herniation of the occipital lobes (encephalocele) associated with cranium bifidum in monkey fetuses (Macaca mulatta) were repaired by amputation and cranioplasty in utero or postnatally. Fetal allogeneic cranial bone which had been fresh frozen was used in conjunction with a bone paste to provide a protective covering of the neural tissue following repair of the encephalocele. The bone graft in those animals treated in utero or 1-2 weeks post-partum developed a strong union with the calvarium, provided good protection for the underlying dura and neural tissue, had a smooth surface, and provided good cosmetic-reconstructive results. In contrast, when the cranioplasty procedure was performed on infant monkeys at 2-3 months of age the bone graft was rejected.
Large-scale (512kbit) integration of multilayer-ready access-devices based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC) at 100% yield (2012)

BEOL-friendly Access Devices (AD) based on Cu-containing MIEC materials [1-4] are integrated in large (512 × 1024) arrays at 100% yield, and are successfully co-integrated together with Phase Change Memory (PCM). Numerous desirable attributes are demonstrated: the large currents (>;200μA) needed for PCM, the bipolar operation required for high-performance RRAM, the single-target sputter deposition essential for high-volume manufacturing, and the ultra-low leakage ( 10 pA) and high voltage margin (1.5V) needed to enable large crosspoint arrays.
Tilt corrector based on spring-type magnetostrictive actuators (1991)

A number of important applications of high precision positioning actuator are related with laser technique and technology, optics, especially with large optical devices for the ground and space based astronomy. These actuators can be used in adaptive optics as the displacement and force actuators to preform in real time a mirror surface, conjugated with the wave front aberration by means of elastic deformation of mirror substratum [1,2]. A spring—type magnetostrictive actuator (STMA) in which Wiedemann effect (WE) [4] is realized, was described in [3] - is one of the interesting types of macro actuators, by means of which it is possible to achieve a precision displacement level 200 Lm with the accuracy of positioning up to 0.1 Lm in a real time scale ( up to 5 ms). Hence, the STMA satisfies all the visible and infrared adaptive optics requirements. A more complete understanding of such approach to actuators creation allows one to establish the main distinguished STMA features [5,6] : 1. High level of STMA relative longitudinal defomatins is controlled by STMA designed parameters and reaches 10 -10 when using ordinary magnetostrictive materials. This level of relative longitudinal deformations is accessible only for best sorts of piezoceramics; 2. A width of STMA magneto mechanical resonant frequencies band (from 10 Hz up to 1 kHz) is controlled by designed STMA parameters; 3. It is possible to use the inverse Wiedemann effect (IWE) for STMA material stresses controlling and, consequently, for closed loop STMA control.
Comparative evaluation of a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a SYBR Green–based real-time PCR to quantify Porcine circovirus-2 DNA in swine tissue samples (2011)

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is considered the major etiological agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. The clinical manifestations of the disease are correlated with moderate to high amounts of PCV-2 DNA in biological samples of affected pigs. A threshold of 10(7) DNA copies/ml is suggested as the trigger factor for symptoms. A comparative study was conducted to determine which quantitative method would be more suitable to estimate the PCV-2 DNA load. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed: a competitive PCR (cPCR) and a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR. The assays were compared for their capacity to detect PCV-2 in DNA samples extracted from liver, lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney of PMWS-affected (n = 23) or non-PMWS-affected pigs (n = 9). Both assays could successfully quantify PCV-2 DNA in all tissue samples and were able to detect significant differences between the numbers of PCV-2 DNA copies found in tissues of PMWS-affected and non-PMWS-affected pigs (≥ 10(2.5)). The highest mean viral loads were detected by the SYBR Green real-time PCR, up to 10(7.0 ± 1.5) copies/100 ng of total DNA sample, while the cPCR detected up to 10(4.8 ± 1.5). A mean difference of 10(1.8) was found between the amounts of PCV-2 DNA detected, using the SYBR Green real-time PCR and the cPCR, suggesting that the viral load threshold for PMWS should be determined for each particular assay.
Bioinspired Nanocorals with Decoupled Cellular Targeting and Sensing Functionality (2010)

Nanocorals demonstrate independent cell-targeting and label-free biomolecular sensing capabilities. The highly roughened gold region of the nanocoral increases the adsorption capacity and causes a strong surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal. The polystyrene region can adsorb antibodies, allowing the nanocoral to specifically bind to receptors on the cancer cell membrane making nanocorals multifunctional nanosensors for cellular diagnostics and treatment evaluation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Imbalance between circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2011)

Background: Fibrogenesis during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with abnormal vascular remodeling. Respective abundance of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) might reflect the balance between vascular injury and repair and potentially serve as a biomarker of the disease. Objectives: We postulated that CEC and all EPC subtypes might be differently modulated in IPF. We aimed at 1) assessing them in early stages of IPF and 2) searching for correlations with disease severity. Methods: 64 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPF and 10 healthy age-matched volunteers were studied. CEC were isolated with CD146-coated beads. CD34, CD133 and KDR antigens, characterizing EPC, were assessed through flow cytometry. EPC (early CFU-Hill and late endothelial cells forming colonies (ECFC)) were also counted using cell culture. Results: CEC numbers were significantly increased in IPF (p=0.004) whereas EPC assessed using both flow cytometry (CD34+KDR+) and cell culture were decreased vs controls (p&lt;0.05). CEC did not differ according to disease severity (DLCO &gt; or &lt; 40%) nor did CD34+KDR+ cells. In contrast, progenitors obtained in culture were markedly increased in the most severe vs the least severe IPF subgroup (p=0.04 and p=0.01 for CFU-Hill and ECFC, respectively, for DLCO&lt;40% vs &gt;40%). ECFC was the only cell type found to be correlated to DLCO (Spearman correlation test, p=0.04). Conclusion: IPF is associated with markers of vascular injury and with a global decrease in EPC. Disease severity is associated with an EPC mobilization whose mechanisms and clinical impact need to be explored.
Cadmium complexes bearing Me2N^E^O− (E = S, Se) organochalcogenoalkoxides and their zinc and mercury analogues (2017)

Heteroleptic zinc and cadmium complexes of the type [{<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^E^O<sup>R<sub>2</sub></sup>}M-Nu]<sub>n</sub> (M = Zn, Cd; E = S, Se; R = CH<sub>3</sub>, CF<sub>3</sub>; Nu = N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, I, Cl; n = 1-2) were prepared by reacting the alcohol proteo-ligands {<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^E^O<sup>R<sub>2</sub></sup>}H with [M(N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (M = Zn, Cd) or [XMN(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (M = Zn, X = Cl; M = Cd, X = I) in an equimolar ratio. These group 12 metal complexes were characterised in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and their solid-state structures were determined by X-ray diffractometry. The ligands {<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^E^O<sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}<sup>-</sup> bearing CH<sub>3</sub> groups in α position to the alkoxide behave as κ<sup>2</sup>-O,E-bidentate moieties (E = S, Se) and form centro-symmetric dinuclear O-bridged heteroleptic alkoxo-amido complexes both with zinc and cadmium, with four-coordinate metal centres resting in tetrahedral environments. By contrast, complexes supported by the CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted {<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^E^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}<sup>-</sup> crystallise as tetrahedral mononuclear species, with tridentate κ<sup>3</sup>-N,O,E-coordinated ligands. These structural differences resulting from changes in the ligand skeleton and in the electron-donating properties of the alkoxide were also observed in solution. Attempts to prepare congeneric heteroleptic mercury complexes from [Hg(N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] unexpectedly only afforded homoleptic bis(alkoxide)s such as [{<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^S^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}<sub>2</sub>Hg]. Owing to the strong Hg-C bond, treatment of [PhHgN(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] with {<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^S^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}H afforded the heteroleptic, T-shaped [{<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^S^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}HgPh] mercuric alkoxide upon elimination of hexamethyldisilazane. [{<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^S^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}<sub>2</sub>Hg] and [{<sup>Me<sub>2</sub></sup>N^S^O<sup>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></sup>}HgPh] constitute very rare examples of structurally characterised mercuric alkoxides.
Measurement of the Refractive-index Profile of a Graded-index Optical Fibre by the Interference Microscope Employing Fringe Scanning (1986)

A method for precise measurement of the refractive-index profile of a graded-index optical fibre is reported, using the fringe-scanning technique introduced in an interference microscope. Measurement revealed spatial fine structure of the refractive index which did not result from ordinary interference fringes.
A fabrication process for CrN/TiAlN multi-layered strain gauges on mild steel (2006)

A fabrication process for CrN/TiAlN thin film multi-layered strain gauges on mild steel was developed using shadow masking during cathodic arc evaporation. The strain gauge was electrically insulated from the mild steel with an AlN thin film deposited reactively using partial filtered arc deposition and a simple shielding technique. Gauge factors of around 3.5 were obtained with hysteresis and creep characteristics for loads exceeding 1880 micro strain.
PATTIE: Publication access through tiered interaction & exploration (2019)

Abstract In this work we present Publication Access Through Tiered Interaction &amp; Exploration (PATTIE) – an information foraging, sense-making, and exploratory spatial-semantic information retrieval (IR) system ( http://pattie.unc.edu/plos ). Non-spatial, spatial IR systems, and some recent studies focused on their principal functions are discussed and compared. To interactively work through a use-case from the biomedical domain, instructions are provided for readers to conduct exploratory searches directly on the PLOS archive based on the software embedded in the online version of this paper ( http://vzlib.unc.edu/software/ ). To carefully evaluate some of the critical parameters of the PATTIE algorithm, and the core functions of the implemented system, a set of experiments were conducted. Along with details on the experimental methods and their rationale, key findings from the experiments are analyzed and presented. Finally, with an eye toward the future of software-embedded scientific papers, their potential benefits for supporting direct engagement with scientific content, replication, and validation are discussed.
Effectiveness of 2018 trivalent influenza vaccine on healthcare professionals (2019)

Introduction: Influenza viruses (IV) are responsible for millions of infections each year worldwide. IVs evolves rapidly, by antigenic drift, resulting in the need to update trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) composition annually, in an effort to match predicted circulating strains. For this reason, studying the immune response to the TIV in the general population is important both for IV epidemiological surveillance and for providing insights into vaccine effectiveness in the different subpopulations.
Three-Dimensional Mixed Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure Containing a Circular Cylinder (2021)

This study carried out a three-dimensional, unsteady, numerical simulation to investigate the effects of the cylinder radius, Reynolds number, three-dimensionality and unsteadiness on the mixed convection in a rectangular enclosure containing a cold circular cylinder. The variations in the cylinder radius in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 times the length of the enclosure and the Reynolds number in the range of 100 to 1000 were considered. The flow and thermal structures reached three different regimes depending on the radius of cold cylinder and Reynolds number. The patterns in the flow and thermal fields were categorized into three regimes: steady two-dimensional convection, steady three-dimensional convection, and unsteady three-dimensional convection. The temperature distribution, vortical structure, and Nusselt number for a heated bottom wall were extensively analyzed. The transition of flow regime, flow instability and the heat transfer performances were influenced by the presence of cylinder. In addition, the three-dimensional flow characteristics were quantified using orthogonal enstrophy, and the unsteady characteristics were investigated by carrying out the frequency analysis of Nusselt number. As the three-dimensionality in flow and thermal fields increases and the flow regime changes to the three-dimensional unsteady convection regime, the difference in the results of two and three-dimensional simulations also increases.