gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of somatic mutation in chrysanthemum through physical mutagen. (2016)

The rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum cultivars Purnima and Otomazakura were treated with gamma rays at different doses i.e. 10, 15 and 20 Gy and transplanted in pots along with untreated rooted cutting as control. Each treatment consisted of 30 cuttings. The data were recorded on various parameters i.e. survival, morphological and floral traits. Reduction in various vegetative and floral traits alongwith increase in morphological abnormalities in flowers and leaves were recorded after exposure of cuttings to gamma irradiation. The floral abnormalities like fasciation of flower head, asymmetric development of ray florets were increased at 10 Gy dose of gamma irradiation. The chimera in flower colour was observed in both cultivars in treated population at 10 Gydose of gamma rays. In cultivar ‘Purnima ’, total three somatic mutants were detected i.e. orange (Orange White Group 159 D/4) and white tubular (White Group 155 B/4) at 10 Gy and white with yellow (Yellow Group 2B/1) chimeric flower head at 15 Gy dose. One mutant was detected in cv. Otomazakura (Purple Group 75 A/1) at 10 Gy dose of gamma rays.
Susceptibility of Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms to the Action of the Antibiotics Erythromycin, Chlortetracycline, Hygromycin, Magnamycin, Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin (1957)

CHRONIC respiratory disease of poultry (CRD) was first reported in the United States by Delaplane and Stuart in 1943. Its importance is evidenced by the United States Department of Agriculture report that the annual loss due to CRD is 25 million dollars. (United States Department of Agriculture, 1956). The high incidence of CRD of chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys (IS) has directed increased attention in the past few years toward an effort to control or perhaps eradicate these diseases. Many investigators have concluded that PPLO play an important role in CRD of chickens and IS of turkeys. It has been stated that both diseases, CRD and IS, are caused by the same agent (Reagan et al., 1951; and Grumbles et al., 1952). This investigation was designed to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of PPLO using erythromycin glucoheptane, chlortetracycline, hygromycin, magnamycin, oxytetracycline and streptomycin. Nelson (1935) described small pleomorphic organisms associated . . .
USB sensor network for industrial applications (2004)

This work proposes a USB solution for sensor networking. First, a network architecture has been presented having as the primary objective its integration with an existing infrastructure: for this reason, a USB to Ethernet gateway has been introduced. Then, many aspects of industrial applications have been considered in order to realize a suitable solution: insulation problems and low-cost implementation has been tackled. Working prototypes of each network component have been defined and realized: host-gateway, insulator, and hub. Several commercial devices can be used as sensors. Finally, some experiments have been carried out: timing performances, network activities and power consumption have been tested.
The STRokE DOC Trial Technique: ‘Video Clip, Drip, and/or Ship’ (2007)

The primary outcome measure is whether there was a 'correct decision to treat or not to treat using rt-PA' at each of three adjudication levels (primarily at Level #2). Secondary outcomes include the number of thrombolytic recommendations, intracerebral hemorrhage, and 90-day outcomes. Using the STRokE DOC system (or telephone evaluation), medical history, neurologic scales, CT interpretations, and recommendations have been completed on over 200 participants to date. Of the initial 11, nonrandomized, 'run-in' patients, six (65%) were evaluated wirelessly, and five (45%) were evaluated with a site-independent LAN or cable modem. Three (27%) received rt-PA. The adjudication methodology was able to show both agreements and disagreements in these 11 cases. It is feasible to perform site-independent stroke consultations, and adjudicate those cases, using the STRokE DOC system and trial design. Telemedicine efficacy remains to be proven.
Use of Vena Cava Filters in Pediatric Trauma Patients: Data from the National Trauma Data Bank (2005)

Placement of VCFs in pediatric trauma patients is uncommon and is associated with several characteristics of the patient, the injury, and the treating institution. Long-term VCF efficacy in pediatric trauma is not known, and application of VCFs in these patients requires further investigation.
Visualization of the structure of a pulsed methane–air diffusion flame (1985)

Experiments have been carried out in a variable pressure flow facility with the objective of studying the structure of a co-flowing jet diffusion flame. The flow is visualized using an optical scheme which superimposes the luminous image of the flame on its Schlieren image. This gives a useful picture of the relationship between the bright, yellow-orange, soot-laden core flow and the edge of the surrounding hot gas envelope. A loudspeaker is used to force the central fuel jet at several frequencies. In the unforced flow and over most of the driving frequency range in the forced flow, a double structure is observed with two distinct wavelengths: a long wavelength associated with the luminous, buoyancy-driven core flow and a short wavelength associated with the shear-driven outer flow. Excitation at the proper frequency causes strong coupling to occur. In this case the core flow pinches off and the flame breaks up into a series of flamelets moving with a single wavelength.
Performance of magnetic field‐guided navigation system for interventional neurosurgical and cardiac procedures (2005)

A hospital-based magnetic guidance system (MGS) was installed to assist a physician in navigating catheters and guide wires during interventional cardiac and neurosurgical procedures. The objective of this study is to examine the performance of this magnetic field-guided navigation system. Our results show that the system's radiological imaging components produce images with quality similar to that produced by other modern fluoroscopic devices. The system's magnetic navigation components also deflect the wire and catheter tips toward the intended direction. The physician, however, will have to oversteer the wire or catheter when defining the steering angle during the procedure. The MGS could be clinically useful in device navigation deflection and vessel access.
Glide Path Indexes (2020)

Investment glide paths set asset allocations through life, and they typically start aggressively for young investors and become progressively safer through time. Glide paths have gained popularity in target-date funds (TDFs) and have recently been integrated into computerized advice provided by so-called “Robo” advisors. Currently about $2 trillion is invested in TDFs, and there is another trillion dollars managed by Robos. Both are growing rapidly. In this article, the author examines two potential glide path indexes that TDF and Robo providers and investors might use. One standard is the aggregation of all mutual fund glide paths—an industry consensus standard. The other index candidate is a proposal for a better glide path. The author proposes an alternative glide path with more rigorous risk management, broader diversification, and an advanced decumulation algorithm in retirement. TDFs and Robo advisors are only as good as their glide paths. <b>TOPICS:</b>Wealth management, retirement, mutual fund performance <b>Key Findings</b> • Trillions of dollars are riding on glide paths in target-date funds and other investments. • Most glide paths lost more than 30% in 2008, and they have become riskier since. • Glide paths are still in their infancy and are improving.
Computer aided simulation and verification of forward error-correcting biosensors (2008)

Factors that affect the accuracy of the biosensor systems range from errors in device fabrication to stochastic interaction between biomolecules. In this paper we present a framework for designing and evaluating biosensor encoding and decoding algorithms based on forward error-correcting (FEC) principles, which can improve the accuracy of pathogen detection. The model biosensor used in this paper is an immunosensor that uses computational primitives inherent in antigen-antibody interaction to achieve a transistor like operation. Fundamental logic gates have been embedded into an equivalent low-density parity check (LDPC) biosensor encoder and a corresponding sum- product decoding algorithm is presented for error correction. The performance of the encoding-decoding algorithm has been verified using behavioral simulations demonstrating its utility for designing reliable biosensors. The simulation study also reveals a novel co-detection principle that can be a promising method for significantly enhancing the pathogen detection limit.
Reaktionen von 3,7,7‐Trimethyl‐4‐methylenbicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐en mit Dienophilen (1986)

Reactions of 3,7,7‐Trimethyl‐4‐methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐ene with Dienophiles The preparation of the title compound 2b is described. Treatment of 2b with some dienophiles leads to the adducts 4a, b and 6b, c via ene reactions. 2b can be rearranged to give the cycloheptatriene 8 .
Discovery of new antagonists aimed at discriminating UII and URP‐mediated biological activities: insight into UII and URP receptor activation (2012)

Such compounds, that is [Pep(4)]URP and rUII(1-7), should prove to be useful as new pharmacological tools to decipher the specific role of UII and URP in vitro but also in vivo.
Experimental performance of a meta-distributed amplifier (2007)

Meta-distributed amplifiers (MDAs) constitute a novel class of distributed amplifiers based on the active coupling of two composite-right/left handed transmission lines, and can provide dual-band amplification at two different physical ports. In this contribution, the dual-band gain and noise performance of such active distributed circuits is experimentally demonstrated for the first time using a lumped element-based implementation. Obtained experimental results suggest that the performance of such MDAs can be similar to that of conventional distributed amplifiers as far as gain and noise figure are concerned, but with the added advantage of dual-band amplification.
Single-ended infrared photothermal radiometric measurement of quantum efficiency and metastable lifetime in solid-state laser materials: The case of ruby (Cr/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) (1993)

A simple, self-consistent frequency-scanned photothermal radiometric (PTR) detection scheme was applied to the measurement of the metastable state de-excitation parameters of a ruby laser rod. The radiative quantum efficiency and lifetime in this material were calculated from the extrema of the photothermal phase and the amplitude slope versus the excitation laser beam modulation frequency curves, without recourse to the conventional second measurement to eliminate effects of photothermal saturation. This technique simplifies significantly the experimental methodology, guarantees uniqueness of the measured quantities, and increases the measurement range of lifetimes as compared to other photothermal-based methods. Therefore, it may prove valuable for fast industrial quality control, as well as for fundamental studies of laser materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of (4R,5S)-5-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-ylmethyl)-phosphonium iodide. A synthetic approach to olguine: further model studies (1987)

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Adaptive tracking control of a class of non-affine plants using dynamic feedback (2001)

In this paper we propose a systematic procedure for adaptive tracking control design for a class of nonlinear plants that are nonaffine in the control input. The procedure is based on differentiating the original state equation so that, in the augmented resulting model, the derivative of the control input appears linearly and is used as the new control variable. The resulting control strategy is referred to as the dynamic feedback control. While this idea is not new, in this paper we extend it to the case of unknown parameters that appear linearly in the state equation. The approach to adaptive control design is based on a. suitable coordinate transformation that results in an error model for which stable adaptive laws can be readily specified. The corresponding proofs of stability and robustness to time-varying parameters are included. The properties of the adaptive dynamic feedback controller are illustrated through computer simulations.
Ionizable Isotopic Labeling Reagent for Relative Quantification of Amine Metabolites by Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A powerful approach to relative quantification by mass spectrometry is to employ labeling reagents that target specific functional groups in molecules of interest. A quantitative comparison of two or more samples may be readily accomplished by using a chemically identical but isotopically distinct labeling reagent for each sample. The samples may then be combined, subjected to purification steps, and mass analyzed. Comparison of the signal intensities obtained from the isotopically labeled variants of the target analyte(s) provides quantitative information on their relative concentrations in the sample. In this report, we describe the synthesis and use of heavy and light isotopic forms of methyl acetimidate for the relative quantification of amine-containing species. The principal advantages of methyl acetimidate as a labeling reagent are that the reaction product is positively charged and hydrophobicity is increased, both of which enhance electrospray ionization efficiency and increase detection sensitivity. The quantitative nature of the analysis was demonstrated in model metabolomics experiments in which heavy and light labeled Arabidopsis extracts were combined in different ratios. Finally, the labeling strategy was employed to determine differences in the amounts of amine-containing metabolites for Arabidopsis seeds germinated under two different conditions.
Crystal and molecular structure of a trinuclear copper(II) complex: µ3-hydroxo-tri-µ-(pyridine-2-carbaldehyde oximato)-µ3-sulphato-tricopper(II)–16·3water (1972)

The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex has been determined by X-ray photographic methods. The unit cell is trigonal, with a=b= 18·05(1), c= 7·25(1)Å, space-group P, and Z= 2. The structure was solved by conventional Patterson and Fourier methods, and was refined by least-squares to R 0·15 for 2043 unique reflections. Only a few of the water molecules of crystallization could be located. The crystal is composed of trinuclear units of copper atoms each centred about a three-fold crystallographic axis so that the three copper atoms fall at the corners of an exact equilateral triangle of side 3·22 Å. The copper atoms are held together by three distinct bridging systems: (i) the oxygen atom of the hydroxy-group, situated on the three-fold axis, is bonded to all three copper atoms with Cu–O 1·98 Å, (ii) a sulphato-group, also on the three-fold axis, acts as a tripod bridge, bonding to all three copper atoms through three of its oxygen atoms, and (iii) three symmetry-related pyridine-2-carbaldehyde oximato-groups each functioning both as a bidentate chelate to one of the copper atoms (via both N atoms) and as a Cu–Cu bridging group (via oxime N and O). The trimer units are stacked in continuous columns parallel to the c axis and adjacent units are held together by hydrogen bonding. These columns are arranged such that a large almost cylindrically shaped hole (diameter ca. 10 Å) is formed, running along the length of the c axis, and containing the molecules of water of crystallization; these are not held in fixed positions but appear to be somewhat mobile. The structure of the complex confirms a prediction made on the basis of the observed temperature-independent magnetic moment of 1·0 B.M. per copper atom.
Origin of line tension for a Lennard-Jones nanodroplet (2011)

The existence and origin of line tension has remained controversial in literature. To address this issue, we compute the shape of Lennard-Jones nanodrops using molecular dynamics and compare them to density functional theory in the approximation of the sharp kink interface. We show that the deviation from Young’s law is very small and would correspond to a typical line tension length scale (defined as line tension divided by surface tension) similar to the molecular size and decreasing with Young’s angle. We propose an alternative interpretation based on the geometry of the interface at the molecular scale.
Using statistical language modelling to identify new vocabulary in a grammar-based speech recognition system (2003)

Using Statistical Language Modelling to Identify NewVocabulary in a Grammar-Based Speech Recognition System
Postoperative evaluation of in situ saphenous vein bypass with technetium-labelled albumin microspheres. (1982)

Technetium-labelled serum albumin microspheres have been used to study arteriovenous shunting in in situ saphenous vein bypasses. Their diameter (15 micron) enables the microspheres to be trapped at the capillary level, either in the limb or in the lungs, according to the extent of arteriovenous shunts. The observed shunting ranged from practically nothing to 90%. The worst distal activity counts as well as the worst scintigraphic aspects (giving a qualitative view of the nutritional circulation of the limb) were found in patients with poor intraoperative arteriographic evaluation of run-off. Persisting clinical inconvenience due to fistulas was only found in patients with over 60% shunting. No patients, even those with up to 90% shunting, had any evidence of ischemia. Arteriovenous shunting would thus seem well tolerated to a certain extent, and the ligation of major arteriovenous fistulas is to be recommended.
Long-tail Visual Relationship Recognition with a Visiolinguistic Hubless Loss (2020)

Scaling up the vocabulary and complexity of current visual understanding systems is necessary in order to bridge the gap between human and machine visual intelligence. However, a crucial impediment to this end lies in the difficulty of generalizing to data distributions that come from real-world scenarios. Typically such distributions follow Zipf's law which states that only a small portion of the collected object classes will have abundant examples (head); while most classes will contain just a few (tail). In this paper, we propose to study a novel task concerning the generalization of visual relationships that are on the distribution's tail, i.e. we investigate how to help AI systems to better recognize rare relationships like , where the subject S, predicate P, and/or the object O come from the tail of the corresponding distributions. To achieve this goal, we first introduce two large-scale visual-relationship detection benchmarks built upon the widely used Visual Genome and GQA datasets. We also propose an intuitive evaluation protocol that gives credit to classifiers who prefer concepts that are semantically close to the ground truth class according to wordNet- or word2vec-induced metrics. Finally, we introduce a visiolinguistic version of a Hubless loss which we show experimentally that it consistently encourages classifiers to be more predictive of the tail classes while still being accurate on head classes. Our code and models are available on this http URL.
Localized Tufts of Fibrils onStaphylococcus epidermidisNCTC 11047 Are Comprised of the Accumulation-Associated Protein (2007)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is both a human skin commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections linked to implanted medical devices. This paper describes localized tufts of fibrillar appendages on a subpopulation (25%) of wild-type (WT) S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 cells. The fibrils (122.2 +/- 10.8 nm long) are usually in a lateral position on the cells. Fibrillar (Fib(+)) and nonfibrillar (Fib(-)) subpopulations were separated (enriched) by 34 sequential partitions of WT cells between a buffer phase and a hexadecane phase. Following enrichment, hydrophobic cells from the hexadecane phase comprised 70% Fib(+) cells and the less hydrophobic cells from the buffer phase entirely comprised Fib(-) cells. The Fib(+) and Fib(-) subpopulations did not revert on subculture (34 times) on solid medium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell surface proteins from WT, Fib(+), and Fib(-) cells revealed two high-molecular-mass proteins (280 kDa and 230 kDa) on the WT and Fib(+) cells that were absent from the Fib(-) cells. Amino acid sequencing revealed that fragments of both the 280- and 230-kDa proteins had 100% identity to the accumulation-associated protein (Aap). Aap is known to cause biofilm formation if it is truncated by loss of the terminal A domain. Immunogold staining with anti-Aap antibodies labeled tuft fibrils of the WT and Fib(+) cells but not the cell surface of Fib(-) cells. The tufts were labeled with N-terminally directed antibodies (anti-A domain), showing that the fibrillar Aap was not truncated on the cell surface. Thus, the presence of full-length Aap correlated with the low biofilm-forming abilities of both WT and Fib(+) S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 populations. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that aap was transcribed in both Fib(+) and Fib(-) cells. We therefore propose that full-length Aap is expressed on cells of S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 as tufts of short fibrils and that fibril expression is regulated at a posttranscriptional level.
Microwave Silicon Windows for High-Power Broad-Band Switching Applications (1969)

Theoretical and experimental results obtained with a novel silicon window utilizing double-carrier injection to achieve high-power broad-band microwave switching are presented. The device consists of a wafer of high-resistivity silicon inserted across a waveguide with thin-line junction structures oriented orthogonal to the RF electric field. These line junctions provide hole-injecting contacts on one face and electron-injecting contacts on the other. With zero bias, the window appears as a thin low-loss dielectric slab, and the RF signal is transmitted. With forward bias, the window appears as a highly conductive slab due to the injected electron-hole plasma, and the RF signal is reflected. Calculations show that X-band windows 8 mils thick have a switching ratio of 0.5 to 15 dB if the resistivity change is from 300/spl Omega//spl dot/cm to 1/spl Omega//spl dot/cm. X-band windows have been fabricated having an insertion loss as low as 0.3 dB and a VSWR below 1.3 in the transmission state and an isolation as high as 18 dB (5 amperes at 1 volt) in the reflecting state. These characteristics are maintained across the complete waveguide band (8.2 to 12.4 GHz). Windows have been tested to 50-kW peak power without degradation in switching characteristics. The main advantages of the window over conventional p-i-n diodes are an order of magnitude or more increase in power handling (50 kW peak measured while 300 kW is predicted compared to 5 kW for a single p-i-n diode X-band high-power switch), full guide bandwidth operation (compared to 10 percent bandwidth for the conventional p-i-n), simpler bias circuitry (no reverse bias is required in the transmission state), and higher temperature operation (since no reverse voltage is needed).