gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MISOPROSTOL MODULATION OF DENDRITIC CELL FUNCTION IN IMMUNE RESPONSES (1995)

Dendritic cells (DC) from blood and other tissues are potent accessory cells for primary immune responses. Because prostaglandins from monocytes and macrophages can suppress DC and T-cell function, we sought to investigate the binding properties of misoprostol (MPL), a prostaglandin E(1) analog, and its regulation of DC function. Results of mouse and human experiments have suggested 1) that MPL could significantly inhibit DC-induced T-cell proliferation in oxidative mitogenesis and allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions by decreasing interleukin-2 production in DC-T cell cocultures, and 2) that MPL could bind to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via specific high-affinity MPL binding sites as well as through nonspecific MPL uptake. Taken together, these data suggest that MPL can bind high-affinity and/or nonspecific cell surface receptors and subsequently regulate T-cell growth and cytokine production such as that induced by DC and associated with primary immune responses.
Advanced schemes for underdense plasma photocathode wakefield accelerators: pathways towards ultrahigh brightness electron beams (2019)

The ‘Trojan Horse’ underdense plasma photocathode scheme applied to electron beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has opened up a path which promises high controllability and tunability and to reach extremely good quality as regards emittance and five-dimensional beam brightness. This combination has the potential to improve the state-of-the-art in accelerator technology significantly. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the Trojan Horse scheme and present advanced methods for tailoring both the injector laser pulses and the witness electron bunches and combine them with the Trojan Horse scheme. These new approaches will further enhance the beam qualities, such as transverse emittance and longitudinal energy spread, and may allow, for the first time, to produce ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness electron bunches, which is a necessary requirement for driving advanced radiation sources. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.
Approximate Prediction of Hoop Stresses at Major Sections of Tee Intersections of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Internal Pressure (1979)

An approximate method is formulated to predict elastic hoop stresses in the longitudinal plane of unreinforced pressurized tees using axisymmetric solutions from plate-cylindrical shell intersections. These stresses are compared with experimental data and finite element results. Correspondence of values is such that the present method may be preferred to a full-scale finite element analysis for some cases. A comparison is also made between the hoop stresses in the transverse plane of tees and those in sphere-cylinder intersections. Hoop stresses from these two solutions do not compare.
Tapered Graded Index Lens Antenna With Enhanced Penetration for Near-Field Torso Imaging (2022)

A tapered graded index (GRIN) lens antenna that aims at enhancing electromagnetic penetration into human torso by generating focused planar near-field radiation is presented. The antenna is composed of a four-layer lens excited by a modified slot antenna. Each layer of the lens case is filled with fabricated mixtures of engineered materials that have specific relative permittivity values. The exciting antenna is made compact by utilizing meandered feed lines and substrate folded technique. The number of layers of the lens and the specification of each layer are determined by minimizing the generalized reflection coefficient of the antenna. A focused plan-wave radiation is achieved by tapering the lens based on the theory of total internal reflection. The study of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -field quality inside the torso demonstrates that the proposed lens successfully converts spherical wave radiation into a local plane-wave radiation, resulting in 11 dB improvement in wave penetration inside the torso compared to the body-matched antenna (without lens). The measured results show that the antenna operates over a wide band from 0.43 to 1.85 GHz (125% fractional bandwidth), which is a merit for the torso imaging application. Furthermore, the antenna has the physical size of 110 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 110\times48$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3, corresponding to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.15\times 0.15\times 0.06\lambda _{0}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength at the lowest working frequency. The results indicate that the antenna accomplishes 4.9 dB (209% improvement) stronger wave penetration inside the torso compared to other existing GRIN lens antennas.
Signal space based adaptive modulation for software radio (2003)

This paper describes an automatic modulation scheme recognition technique. The technique is designed for a real-time software radio using general-purpose processors and is based on modified pattern recognition and signal space approaches. It is robust and efficient with a processing time overhead that still allows the software radio to maintain its real-time operating objectives. Both digital and analogue modulation schemes can be identified. Tests and simulations using an AWGN channel show that the SNR threshold for correct analogue modulation scheme classification is approximately 6.5 dB.
Adsorption ofH2O,NH3, CO,NO2, and NO on graphene: A first-principles study (2008)

Motivated by the recent realization of graphene sensors to detect individual gas molecules, we investigate the adsorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, CO, $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and NO on a graphene substrate using first-principles calculations. The optimal adsorption position and orientation of these molecules on the graphene surface is determined and the adsorption energies are calculated. Molecular doping, i.e., charge transfer between the molecules and the graphene surface, is discussed in light of the density of states and the molecular orbitals of the adsorbates. The efficiency of doping of the different molecules is determined and the influence of their magnetic moment is discussed.
Comparison of Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Capacity in Three‐Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2021)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many studies demonstrated that stemness and multilineage differentiation potential could be enhanced to greater extent when MSCs are cultured as suspended aggregates by means of three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques. However, there are limited reports on changed mitochondrial metabolism on 3D spheroid formation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the stemness, differentiation potential, and mitochondrial metabolism capacity of 3D dental pulp-derived MSC (DPSC) spheroids in comparison to monolayer cultured DPSCs. We isolated dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and successfully developed a 3D culture system which facilitated the formation of MSC spheroids. The cell aggregation was observed after 2 hours, and spheroids were formed after 24 hours and remained in shape for 72 hours. After spheroid formation, the levels of pluripotent markers increased along with enhancement in adipogenic and osteogenic potential compared to 2D cultured control cells. However, decreased proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed with the time course of the 3D culture except for the initial 24-hour aggregation. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rates of living cells decreased with the time course of the aggregation except for the initial 24 hours. Overall, our study indicated that the short-term 3D culture of MSCs could be a suitable alternative to culture the cells.
Piezoelectric MEMS for audio signal transduction, microfluidic management, resonant mass sensing, and movable surface micromachined structures (2008)

This paper describes piezoelectric MEMS that offer competitive advantages over existing commercial technologies in audio, ultrasonic, air borne, microfluidic and RF applications. Specifically, a piezoelectric microphone requires a much simpler fabrication process than a condenser microphone, while a piezoelectric microspeaker is both planar and amenable to MEMS process for mass production unlike an electrodynamic speaker. Micromachined self-focusing acoustic transducers can eject picoliter liquid droplet in any oblique angle, without any clog-prone nozzle. Resonant mass sensors based on film bulk-acoustic resonators (FBAR) offer inherently higher sensitivity and smaller active area than a quartz microbalance. Piezoelectrically actuated cantilever can be moved in both directions (i.e., into and away-from a stationary electrode) unlike an electrostatically actuated cantilever, and provides a wide tuning ratio for a tunable capacitor.
ESD protection under grounded-up bond pads in 0.13 μm eight-level copper metal, fluorinated silicate glass low-k intermetal dielectric CMOS process technology (2001)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device under the grounded-up bond pad is investigated in 0.13 μm full eight-level copper metal CMOS process technology with fluorinated silicate glass (FSG) low-k intermetal dielectric (IMD), The bonding force and power produces no cracking and no noticeable change in the second breakdown trigger point (V/sub t2/) I/sub t2/). High current I-V measured from the different level metal layer stack structures shows that 1) I/sub t2/ depends very weakly on metal layers used, as expected due to certain junction power dissipation criterion and 2) V/sub t2/ increases with the number of metal layers, The origin of the latter is increased dynamic impedance for increased metal layer number, as clarified by a simple RC model. The model also yields the intrinsic second breakdown trigger current and voltage for the underlying ESD protection device, Successfully configuring ESD protection circuits under the bond pads, therefore, not only is wholly free from the traditional area consumption, but also can substantially relax design constraints, enabling much more flexible and robust ESD schemes for various applications,.
Online absolute pose compensation and steering control of industrial robot based on six degrees of freedom laser measurement (2017)

In-situ intelligent manufacturing for large-volume equipment requires industrial robots with absolute high-accuracy positioning and orientation steering control. Conventional robots mainly employ an offline calibration technology to identify and compensate key robotic parameters. However, the dynamic and static parameters of a robot change nonlinearly. It is not possible to acquire a robot’s actual parameters and control the absolute pose of the robot with a high accuracy within a large workspace by offline calibration in real-time. This study proposes a real-time online absolute pose steering control method for an industrial robot based on six degrees of freedom laser tracking measurement, which adopts comprehensive compensation and correction of differential movement variables. First, the pose steering control system and robot kinematics error model are constructed, and then the pose error compensation mechanism and algorithm are introduced in detail. By accurately achieving the position and orientation of the robot end-tool, mapping the computed Jacobian matrix of the joint variable and correcting the joint variable, the real-time online absolute pose compensation for an industrial robot is accurately implemented in simulations and experimental tests. The average positioning error is 0.048 mm and orientation accuracy is better than 0.01 deg. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible, and the online absolute accuracy of a robot is sufficiently enhanced.
Maximum Proton Energy above 85 MeV from the Relativistic Interaction of Laser Pulses with Micrometer ThickCH2Targets (2016)

We present a study of laser-driven ion acceleration with micrometer and submicrometer thick plastic targets. Using laser pulses with high temporal contrast and an intensity of the order of 10^{20} W/cm^{2} we observe proton beams with cutoff energies in excess of 85 MeV and particle numbers of 10^{9} in an energy bin of 1 MeV around this maximum. We show that applying the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism with submicrometer thick targets is a very robust way to achieve such high ion energies and particle fluxes. Our results are backed with 2D particle in cell simulations furthermore predicting cutoff energies above 200 MeV for acceleration based on relativistic transparency. This predicted regime can be probed after a few technically feasible adjustments of the laser and target parameters.
Transthyretin regulates hippocampal 14‐3‐3ζ protein levels (2013)

Transthyretin is the carrier protein of thyroxine and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and has been described also as a neuroprotective molecule. 14-3-3 Proteins are very important in many cellular processes, being their absence related with deficits in memory and learning. The analysis of the relationship between these two proteins is the main objective of this work. We found that hippocampi of young TTR null mice presented lower levels of 14-3-3ζ protein, but no changes in gene expression when compared to TTR wild type littermates were noted. Cellular studies ascribed this finding to increased degradation of 14-3-3ζ in lysosomes in the absence of TTR, increasing autophagy.
Holographic method of cohering fiber tapped delay lines (2005)

We propose, analyze, and demonstrate the use of a holographic method for cohering the output of a fiber tapped delay line (FTDL) that enables the use of fiber-remote optical modulators in coherent optical processing systems. We perform a theoretical examination of the phase-cohering process and show experimental results for a radio frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer that uses a lens to spatially Fourier transform the output of a holographically phase-cohered FTDL providing 50 MHz resolution and bandwidths approaching 3 GHz. Substantial improvements in bandwidth should be achievable with better fiber length-trimming accuracy and improvements in resolution can be obtained with longer fiber delay lines. We also analyze and demonstrate the use of a parallel holographic technique that compensates for polarization state scrambling induced by propagation through an array of single-mode fibers. Both the phase-cohering holography and the polarization fluctuation compensation can operate on hundreds of fibers in parallel, enabling both coherent optical signal processing with FTDLs and coherent fiber remoting of optically modulated RF signals from antenna arrays.
Origin and dynamics of vortex rings in drop splashing (2015)

A vortex is a flow phenomenon that is very commonly observed in nature. More than a century, a vortex ring that forms during drop splashing has caught the attention of many scientists due to its importance in understanding fluid mixing and mass transport processes. However, the origin of the vortices and their dynamics remain unclear, mostly due to the lack of appropriate visualization methods. Here, with ultrafast X-ray phase-contrast imaging, we show that the formation of vortex rings originates from the energy transfer by capillary waves generated at the moment of the drop impact. Interestingly, we find a row of vortex rings along the drop wall, as demonstrated by a phase diagram established here, with different power-law dependencies of the angular velocities on the Reynolds number. These results provide important insight that allows understanding and modelling any type of vortex rings in nature, beyond just vortex rings during drop splashing.
[Peripheral blood parameters in lipid metabolic disturbances in Far North migrants]. (2009)

The authors present the results of a study of peripheral blood in Far North newcomers with lipid metabolic disturbances. All the dwellers having lipid metabolic disturbances are shown to have elevated counts of white blood cells, with the greatest changes occurring in the levels of blood corpuscles in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia.
Inhomogeneity‐Packing Density Relations in Binary Powders—Experimental Studies (1978)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the bulk specific volume of inhomogeneous binary powder mixtures, with a large size ratio, corresponds to the theoretical values calculated from known compositional inhomogeneity data. The theoretical calculations are based on the assumption that the body packs according to the Furnas model on a local scale. To minimize the effects of particle geometry, experiments were performed with glass microbeads.
Reversal of the wavefront of the second harmonic of YAG laser radiation used in atmospheric sounding (1987)

An analysis was made of reversed second harmonic radiation of a YAG laser traveling opposite to radiation probing an inhomogeneous medium (static and dynamic model media, turbulent atmosphere). The characteristics of the recorded radiation (angular spectrum, dispersion of the intensity fluctuations) are compared with the case of specular reflection and wavefront reversal without a change in the optical frequency.
On Differential Privacy for Federated Learning in Wireless Systems with Multiple Base Stations (2022)

In this work, we consider a federated learning model in a wireless system with multiple base stations and inter-cell interference. We apply a differential private scheme to transmit information from users to their corresponding base station during the learning phase. We show the convergence behavior of the learning process by deriving an upper bound on its optimality gap. Furthermore, we define an optimization problem to reduce this upper bound and the total privacy leakage. To find the locally optimal solutions of this problem, we first propose an algorithm that schedules the resource blocks and users. We then extend this scheme to reduce the total privacy leakage by optimizing the differential privacy artificial noise. We apply the solutions of these two procedures as parameters of a federated learning system. In this setting, we assume that each user is equipped with a classifier. Moreover, the communication cells are assumed to have mostly fewer resource blocks than numbers of users. The simulation results show that our proposed scheduler improves the average accuracy of the predictions compared with a random scheduler. Furthermore, its extended version with noise optimizer significantly reduces the amount of privacy leakage.
Small‐Band‐Gap Halide Double Perovskites (2018)

Abstract Despite their compositional versatility, most halide double perovskites feature large band gaps. Herein, we describe a strategy for achieving small band gaps in this family of materials. The new double perovskites Cs 2 AgTlX 6 (X=Cl ( 1 ) and Br ( 2 )) have direct band gaps of 2.0 and 0.95 eV, respectively, which are approximately 1 eV lower than those of analogous perovskites. To our knowledge, compound 2 displays the lowest band gap for any known halide perovskite. Unlike in A I B II X 3 perovskites, the band‐gap transition in A I 2 BB′X 6 double perovskites can show substantial metal‐to‐metal charge‐transfer character. This band‐edge orbital composition is used to achieve small band gaps through the selection of energetically aligned B‐ and B′‐site metal frontier orbitals. Calculations reveal a shallow, symmetry‐forbidden region at the band edges for 1 , which results in long (μs) microwave conductivity lifetimes. We further describe a facile self‐doping reaction in 2 through Br 2 loss at ambient conditions.
The effect of anodization on the electromigration drift velocity in aluminum films (1989)

The electromigration drift velocity has been measured, using the Blech–Kinsbron [Thin Solid Films 25, 327 (1975)] edge displacement method, for aluminum thin films under different thicknesses of anodization. The drift velocity is found to decrease with increasing anodization thickness. The results are interpreted in terms of a change in the self-diffusivity of aluminum as a result of the compressive stresses imposed by the anodized layer. The effect of the variation of diffusivity with stress on the stress distribution within a drifting thin-film sample is discussed.
Effect of Spatially Disordered Barriers on the Band Structure of Finite Superlattices (1998)

We use a Kronig-Penney (KP) model with randomly distributed well widths to study the effect of spatial disorder on the band spectrum of superlattices by means of the transmission coefficient and the Lyapunov exponent. It is mainly found that the eigenstates in the allowed miniband become localized while in the gap edge there is a delocalization contributing to the broadening of the allowed miniband of the corresponding ordered superlattice. The effect of disorder on the T–V curves is also examined. We found that the Stark localization behaves differently in the gap and in the allowed band and tends to be suppressed. Further discussion and comparison with other theoretical and experimental investigations are also provided.