gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF Fingerprinting of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Digests as a Screening Tool for Arabidopsis Cell Wall Mutants (2010)

Cell wall materials derived from leaves and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis mutant and wild type plants have been incubated with a mixture of pure and well-defined pectinases, hemicellulases, and cellulases. The resulting oligosaccharides have been subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF analysis. MALDI-TOF MS analysis provided a fast overview of all oligosaccharides released, whereas CE-LIF-measurements enabled separation and characterization of many oligosaccharides under investigation. Both methods have been validated with leaf material of known mutant Arabidopsis plants and were shown to be able to discriminate mutant from wild type plants. Downscaling of the MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF approaches toward the hypocotyl level was established, and the performance of MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF was shown in the successful recognition of the Arabidopsis mutant gaut13 as an interesting candidate for further analysis.
Contemporary catheter ablation of arrhythmias in geriatric patients: patient characteristics, distribution of arrhythmias, and outcome (2007)

Almost half of the very elderly patients undergoing ablation have structural heart disease. Indications have changed significantly in recent years, typical atrial flutter is nowadays the predominant indication. The arrhythmia spectrum differs significantly between patients with and without structural heart disease. Regardless of the presence or absence of structural heart disease, success is excellent. Catheter ablation is an excellent therapy option for geriatric patients with arrhythmias.
The Performance of the National Institute's UK Forecasts (2001)

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Fabrication de cristaux photoniques par croissance cristalline anisotrope par la méthode aux hydrures (2006)

2 pages
Topological States of Interacting Photon Pairs Emulated in a Topolectrical Circuit (2019)

In the present work, we study the formation of topological edge states of bound photon pairs, doublons. We consider a one-dimensional array of optical microresonators with tunneling nearest-neighbor couplings, with two photons traveling along the array. Considering the interaction between photons that share the same resonator and taking into account two-photon tunneling processes, we construct a system that supports topological edge states of doublons and does not support any edge states in the single-photon regime. Thus, we provide an example of interaction-induced topological states of quantum light. To illustrate our findings, we perform an analog emulation of the proposed system applying topolectrical circuit platform. We demonstrate that the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian describing initial two-particle quantum problem can be exactly mapped to the eigenmodes of a two-dimensional classical electric circuit composed of inductors and capacitors. We realize such a circuit working at kHz frequencies and study it experimentally. After obtaining the signatures of the two-photon edge state in the resonance spectrum of the circuit, we perform a reconstruction of the corresponding eigenmode and thus provide the direct evidence of the edge state formation. To demonstrate the topological origin of this doublon edge state, we extract the associated topological invariant directly from the experimental data. Obtained experimental results fully support our theoretical predictions and provide valuable insights into topological protection in interacting quantum systems and its emulation with classical setups.
Inference of the electron temperature in ICF implosions from the hard\n X-ray spectral continuum (2017)

Using the free-free continuum self-emission spectrum at photon energies above\n15 keV is one of the most promising concepts for assessing the electron\ntemperature in ICF experiments. However, these photons are due to suprathermal\nelectrons whose mean-free-path is much larger than thermal, making their\ndistribution deviate from Maxwellian in a finite-size hot-spot. The first study\nof the free-free X-ray emission from an ICF implosion is conducted with the\nkinetic modifications to the electron distribution accounted for. These\nmodifications are found to result in qualitatively new features in the hard\nX-ray spectral continuum. Inference of the electron temperature as if the\nemitting electrons are Maxwellian is shown to give a lower value than the\nactual one.\n
Search for BackwardA1andA2Production inπ−p→pπ−π+π−at 8 GeV/c (1975)

Backward meson production in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been studied with use of a streamer chamber triggered by the detection of a fast forward proton. For ${cos\ensuremath{\theta}}^{*}&lt;\ensuremath{-}0.98$ we find no evidence of ${A}_{1}$ or ${A}_{2}$ production, and we determine total backward cross-section upper limits (95% confidence) of 0.93 and 0.72 \ensuremath{\mu}b, respectively. At ${m}_{3\ensuremath{\pi}}=1.9$ GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$ we observe a broad enhancement of about 3-standard-deviation significance. Evidence for backward quasi-two-body production is seen in the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${f}^{0}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ channels.
A Service and Device Monitoring Service for Smart Items Infrastructures (2007)

It is a vision to integrate real-world data seamlessly into workflows and business applications using ubiquitous computing technology. A large number of deployed low-cost devices enhanced with sensors is observing the physical world. That way, real-world data is provided to business and workflow applications fully automated and in real-time without suffering from media-breaks, that means no manual and only few automated transformations of data formats are allowed. Status information like battery status, CPU and memory utilization are to be gathered in order to manage such a device fleet. In this paper a distributed monitoring service architecture to gather the required status data automatically is presented. The architecture is designed with respect to scalability requirements for a heterogeneous landscape mainly consisting of limited and low-powered devices. A prototype has been implemented and evaluated with respect to CPU and memory utilization. The performance analysis showed promising results in terms of the applicability of the chosen design.
Obesity, insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and free fatty acids (2006)

High levels of free fatty acids have emerged as a major link between obesity and insulin resistance/Type 2 diabetes. In pancreatic β cells, free fatty acids potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion precisely to the extent needed to compensate for the free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. It is postulated that this prevents the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the majority of obese, insulin-resistant individuals who have free fatty acid-mediated insulin resistance. In individuals with inherited defects of β-cell function (prediabetics), this compensation fails and hyperglycemia develops. Elevated levels of free fatty acids also activate the proinflammatory and proatherogenic nuclear factor κB pathway. Thus, elevated plasma levels of free fatty acid in obese people can produce a low-grade inflammatory state, which may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease, strokes and peripheral arterial disease) and to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; these conditions are increased in obesity.
In Vitro Cellular Drug Resistance and Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1997)

As an important determinant of the response to chemotherapy, measurements of cellular drug resistance may provide prognostically significant information, which could be useful for optimal risk-group stratification. The objective of this report is to determine the relation between in vitro resistance to 12 drugs, measured with the colorimetric methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and long-term clinical response to chemotherapy in 152 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. At risk-group stratified analyses, in vitro resistance to prednisolone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine were each significantly (P < .01) related to the probability of disease-free survival (pDFS) after combination chemotherapy. The combination of data for prednisolone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine provided a drug-resistance profile with prognostic independent significance superior to that of any single drug or any other factor. The 3-years pDFS was 100% for the group with the most sensitive profile, 20% of all patients, 84% (SE 6%) for the group with an intermediately sensitive profile, 40% of all patients, and 43% (SE 8%) for the remaining group with the most resistant profile (P < .001). In conclusion, the extent of in vitro cellular resistance to prednisolone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine, measured using the MTT assay, was significantly related to the clinical response to combination chemotherapy. Treatment failure in newly diagnosed childhood ALL can be predicted based on cellular drug resistance data.
Indocyanine Green Choroidal Videoangiography: A Comparison of Imaging Analysis with the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope and the Fundus Camera (1993)

Wolf, Sebastian MD, PhD; Wald, Kenneth J. MD; Elsner, Ann E. PhD; Staurenghi, Giovanni MD Author Information
In-vitro-Kultivierung und individuelle Charakterisierung von menschlichen Zellen des Prostatakarzinoms (2008)

Mit Material, das ausschließlich bei radikalen Prostatektomien gewonnen und parallel histopathologisch untersucht wurde, konnten Zellen individueller Prostatakarzinome kultiviert werden. Für die genaue Charakterisierung der in vitro wachsenden Zellen und deren Unterscheidung von normalen epithelialen Zellen der Prostata wurden die zelluläre Morphologie, der Proliferationsindex mittels des monoklonalen Antikörpers Ki-67, der EGF-R(epidermal growth factor receptor)-Status und die Intermediärfilament-Expression der Zellen im Laufe mehrerer Subkultivierungen untersucht. Es fanden sich Ki-67-Indizes zwischen 13 % und 65 % (Mittelwert 35,4 %). 80 % der Kulturen waren EGF-R-positiv, während die jeweils zusätzlich angelegten Lymphknotenkulturen EGF-R-negativ waren, mit Ausnahme einer LK-Metastase, die ebenfalls EGF-R-positiv war. Während der Proliferationsindex und der EGF-R-Status im Laufe der Passagierung konstant blieben, änderte sich die Morphologie von anfänglich typisch epithelialen Formen zu mehr länglich, fibroblastoid wachsenden Zellen. Auch konnte ein Verlust der Zytokeratin-Expression im Laufe der Passagierung beobachtet werden, während in den meisten Zellen in höheren Passagen Vimentin nachweisbar war. Insgesamt bilden die Primärkulturen von Prostatakarzinomzellen im Gegensatz zu dem sehr heterogenen Verhalten des Tumors in vivo eine ungleich homogenere Einheit. Die beobachteten Veränderungen im Laufe der Kultivierung scheinen auf einer Abhängigkeit der Zellen von der Extrazellulärmatrix zu beruhen. Die Verfügbarkeit einer großen Anzahl individueller, histopathologisch genau charakterisierter Kurzzeitkulturen bietet aber trotz dieser Abweichungen von der In-vivo-Situation eine hervorragende Möglichkeit zur Untersuchung diverser zellbiologischer Zusammenhänge, wie Proliferationskontrolle, Wirkungen spezifischer Pharmaka oder dynamischer Vorgänge in Abhängigkeit von Androgenen.
Reply by the authors to the discussion by Roy E. White and Rob Simm (1999)

Abstract We thank Roy White and Rob Simm for their very entertaining discussion of our paper. We acknowledge that what we thought were obvious problems are, perhaps, not so obvious after all. Consequently, we have gone to some trouble to present the solid evidence that is required to demonstrate that these problems are real. We do this by processing synthetic data calculated using the real well log data presented in our paper (Ziolkowski et al., 1998).
Model for Implementing a Genetically Improved Strain of a Parasitoid (1991)

Computer simulation was used to estimate the effects of biological and operational parameters on introduction and establishment of a laboratory-selected strain of the walnut aphid parasite, Trioxys pallidus , resistant to azinphosmethyl. Regional establishment was promoted by migration of the parasite between orchards, low survivorship of the susceptible strain when treated with insecticide relative to the resistant strain, and minimal refuge from insecticide. Splitting available resistant parasitoids into smaller groups and releasing the groups in different orchards increased the speed of establishment. Increasing the frequency of insecticide application or increasing the relative frequency of use of azinphosmethyl over alternative pesticides also accelerated establishment. The model suggests that under current cultural practices in California walnut orchards, establishment of the resistant strain of Trioxys pallidus so that it makes up 50% of the individuals in at least 90% of the orchards, will require 5–7 yr. Possible genetic improvement projects should be evaluated not only on the potential for improving desirable traits, but also on the potential for implementing the new strain. Our results suggest that replacement of one natural enemy biotype with another may not always occur in <5 yr, despite relatively strong selection for the new biotype.
Ultrasonic Modification of Acellular Tendon to Enhance Recellularisation (2005)

Ultrasonication was carried out using a Progen Scientific ultra sonicating probe. Acellular scaffolds (n=3) were sutured to a sterile stainless steel grid and immersed in ice cold sterile PBS. The scaffold was subjected to ultrasonication at powers of between 90 and 456 Watts with pulse times of between 1 and 3 seconds for a total of 1 minute. Changes to the scaffold architecture were assessed by routine histology.
Gram-negative bacteremia induces greater magnitude of inflammatory response than Gram-positive bacteremia (2010)

The incidence of Gram-negative bacteremia was significantly higher in bacteremic ICU patients with septic shock than in those with sepsis or severe sepsis. Furthermore, CRP and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in Gram-negative bacteremia than in Gram-positive bacteremia. These findings suggest that differences in host responses and virulence mechanisms of different pathogenic microorganisms should be considered in treatment of bacteremic patients, and that new countermeasures beyond conventional antimicrobial medications are urgently needed.
Design and Clinical Evaluation of a Non-Contact Heart Rate Variability Measuring Device (2017)

The object of the proposed paper is to design and analyze the performance of a non-contact heart rate variability (<i>HRV</i>) measuring device based on ultrasound transducers. The rationale behind non-contact <i>HRV</i> measurement is the goal of obtaining a means of long term monitoring of a patient's heart performance. Due to its complexity as a non-contact measuring device, influential physical quantities, error source and other perturbations were thoroughly investigated. For medical purposes it is of utmost importance to define the target uncertainty of a measuring method from the side of physicians, while it is the role of scientists to realistically evaluate all uncertainty contributions. Within this paper we present a novelty method of non-contact <i>HRV</i> measurement based on ultrasound transducers operating at two frequencies simultaneously. We report laboratory results and clinical evaluations are given for healthy subjects as well as patients with known heart conditions. Furthermore, laboratory tests were conducted on subjects during a relaxation period, and after 1 min physical activity.
Enhanced Neointima Formation Following Arterial Injury in Immune Deficient Rag-1−/− Mice Is Attenuated by Adoptive Transfer of CD8+ T cells (2011)

T cells modulate neointima formation after arterial injury but the specific T cell population that is activated in response to arterial injury remains unknown. The objective of the study was to identify the T cell populations that are activated and modulate neointimal thickening after arterial injury in mice. Arterial injury in wild type C57Bl6 mice resulted in T cell activation characterized by increased CD4(+)CD44(hi) and CD8(+)CD44(hi) T cells in the lymph nodes and spleens. Splenic CD8(+)CD25(+) T cells and CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells, but not CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells, were also significantly increased. Adoptive cell transfer of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells from donor CD8-/- or CD4-/- mice, respectively, to immune-deficient Rag-1-/- mice was performed to determine the T cell subtype that inhibits neointima formation after arterial injury. Rag-1-/- mice that received CD8(+) T cells had significantly reduced neointima formation compared with Rag-1-/- mice without cell transfer. CD4(+) T cell transfer did not reduce neointima formation. CD8(+) T cells from CD4-/- mice had cytotoxic activity against syngeneic smooth muscle cells in vitro. The study shows that although both CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells are activated in response to arterial injury, adoptive cell transfer identifies CD8(+) T cells as the specific and selective cell type involved in inhibiting neointima formation.
Catalysts of Cooperation in System of Systems: The Role of Diversity and Network Structure (2013)

Cooperation and competition are critical aspects of complex systems that intrigue researchers and practitioners alike. Recently, there has been great interest in how structure affects these cooperative behaviors and how they evolve. In this paper, we utilize the methods of evolutionary game theory on graphs to develop a model of the structured evolution of adaptive agents. Rather than simple memoryless agents, we employ adaptive agents that take on a diverse set of strategies including the cooperative catalyst tit-for-tat (TFT) and its generous and suspicious variants. We also employ all-defect, unconditional cooperation, and random strategies. Agents use these strategies during their evolution in order to maximize their own relative fitness, measured by their performance in a repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game versus their structural neighbors. We test the model with a variety of regular graph structures with variable degree, randomness, and size. Our parallel-execution agent-based simulations show that each strategy evolves toward its own structural niche with suspicious TFT maintaining the highest survival rate over all structures. We also show that increases in network density make the TFT strategies even more dominant, and connectivity randomness encourages cooperation in sparse networks.
Adaptor Protein LAPF Recruits Phosphorylated p53 to Lysosomes and Triggers Lysosomal Destabilization in Apoptosis (2007)

Evidence suggests a functional association between the tumor suppressor p53 and apoptosis-involved organelle lysosome; however, the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. We recently reported that a lysosome-targeting protein, LAPF (lysosome-associated and apoptosis-inducing protein containing PH and FYVE domains), could initiate apoptosis of L929 cells through a lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway. In this study, we show that LAPF specifically interacted with phosphorylated p53 (Ser(15/18)) both in vitro and in vivo, which could be enhanced by apoptotic stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and ionizing irradiation. The PH domain of LAPF and the transactivation domain of p53 mediated the interaction between both molecules. Phosphorylated p53 (Ser(15/18)) could translocate to lysosomes before lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in LAPF-initiated and TNF-induced apoptosis. Silencing of LAPF expression abrogated lysosomal translocation of phosphorylated p53 (Ser(15/18)), whereas silencing of p53 expression had no effect on lysosomal translocation of LAPF. Similar to that of LAPF silencing, silencing of endogenous p53 expression in L929 cells could significantly impair TNF-alpha-induced LMP and apoptosis. However, reexpression of wild-type p53, p53S15D (substitution of Ser(15) to Asp that mimics a phosphorylated state), and p53R175H (a transcription-deficient mutant) in p53-knockdown L929 cells could rescue the decrease in TNF-induced apoptosis. The data suggest that phosphorylated p53 (Ser(15/18)) might translocate to lysosome via forming complexes with adaptor protein LAPF and subsequently result in LMP and apoptosis, which might be in a transcription-independent manner.
Intelligence plays dice: Stochasticity is essential for machine learning (2020)

Many fields view stochasticity as a way to gain computational efficiency, while often having to trade off accuracy. In this perspective article, we argue that stochasticity plays a fundamentally different role in machine learning (ML) and is likely a critical ingredient of intelligent systems. As we review the ML literature, we notice that stochasticity features in many ML methods, affording them robustness, generalizability, and calibration. We also note that randomness seems to be prominent in biological intelligence, from the spiking patterns of individual neurons to the complex behavior of animals. We conclude with a discussion of how we believe stochasticity might shape the future of ML.
ChemInform Abstract: [1.1.1]Propellane: Reaction with Free Radicals. (1986)

Abstract Die bicyclischen Cycloalkane (I)‐(III) werden zunächst in ihrer Reaktivität gegenüber Brom‐trichlormethan (IV) verglichen.
Placenta Stem/Stromal Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Use in Lung Repair (2019)

Many acute and chronic lung injuries are incurable and rank as the fourth leading cause of death globally. While stem cell treatment for lung injuries is a promising approach, there is growing evidence that the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells originates from secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Consequently, EVs are emerging as next-generation therapeutics. While EVs are extensively researched for diagnostic applications, their therapeutic potential to promote tissue repair is not fully elucidated. By housing and delivering tissue-repairing cargo, EVs refine the cellular microenvironment, modulate inflammation, and ultimately repair injury. Here, the potential use of EVs derived from two placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) lines is presented; a chorionic MSC line (CMSC29) and a decidual MSC cell line (DMSC23) for applications in lung diseases. Functional analyses using in vitro models of injury demonstrate that these EVs have a role in ameliorating injuries caused to lung cells. It is also shown that EVs promote repair of lung epithelial cells. This study is fundamental to advancing the field of EVs and to unlock the full potential of EVs in regenerative medicine.
Drug Transporter Pharmacophores (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Database Searching with Transporter Pharmacophores Summary References