gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Granuloma Formation Using Defined Antigenic Nidia (1986)

The in vitro granuloma model provides an excellent tool to study granulomatous hypersensitivity. In our studies of granuloma formation in schistosomiasis, we have demonstrated the utility of the model with respect to analysis of human PBL responses, cloned T cells, purified antigens of the parasite, and regulatory mechanisms. We have also presented data which demonstrate the applicability of this model to other antigenic systems. While the suggestion that this model may be suitable for the study of sarcoidosis may be premature, we would propose that the system may be adapted to screen potentially causative antigens. Furthermore, with the identification of the critical antigen(s), the in vitro granuloma model will facilitate studies at the clinical level.
Seasonal Abundance ofCulex tarsalisandCulex pipiensComplex Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in California (2010)

Large-scale patterns in the seasonal abundance profiles of the arboviral mosquito vectors Culex tarsalis Coquillett and the species of the Culex pipiens complex were described based on a decade of counts from 868 New Jersey light traps located throughout the urban and agricultural areas of California. Mean seasonal abundance profiles varied markedly among hydrologic regions. For all species, abundance increased earlier and declined later in drier, warmer southern regions, but variation could not be explained fully by latitude. The observed patterns may be driven by temperature, availability of larval habitats, and for the Cx. pipiens complex, the taxonomic composition of local populations.
Characteristics of the Transient Currents Induced by Atmospheric Neutrons on a 40nm Electrode of an NMOS Transistor (2012)

International audience
Biohydrogen Production in Continuous‐Flow Reactor Using Mixed Microbial Culture (2006)

The goal of the proposed project was to develop an anaerobic fermentation process that converts negative-value organic wastes into hydrogen-rich gas in a continuous-flow reactor under different operating conditions, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), heat treatment, pH, and substrates. A series of batch tests were also conducted in parallel to the continuous study to evaluate the hydrogen conversion efficiency of two different organic substrates, namely sucrose and starch. A heat shock (at 90 degrees C for 15 minutes) was applied to the sludge in an external heating chamber known as a sludge activation chamber, as a method to impose a selection pressure to eliminate non-spore-forming, hydrogen-consuming bacteria and to activate spore germination. The experimental results showed that the heat activation of biomass enhanced hydrogen production by selecting for hydrogen-producing, spore-forming bacteria. The batch feeding at a shorter HRT of 20 hours (or higher organic loading rate) favored hydrogen production, whereas, at a longer HRT of 30 hours, methane was detected in the gas phase. The major organic acids of hydrogen fermentation were acetate, butyrate, and propionate. Up to 23.1% of influent chemical oxygen demand was consumed in biomass synthesis. Batch tests showed that the hydrogen-production potential of starch was lower than sucrose, and better conversion efficiency from starch was obtained at a lower pH of 4.5. However, addition of sucrose to starch improved the overall hydrogen-production potential and hydrogen-production rate. This study showed that sustainable biohydrogen production from carbohydrate-rich substrates is possible through heat activation of settled sludge.
Hardware Architecture and Cutting-Edge Assembly Process of a Tiny Curved Compound Eye (2014)

The demand for bendable sensors increases constantly in the challenging field of soft and micro-scale robotics. We present here, in more detail, the flexible, functional, insect-inspired curved artificial compound eye (CurvACE) that was previously introduced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS, 2013). This cylindrically-bent sensor with a large panoramic field-of-view of 180° × 60° composed of 630 artificial ommatidia weighs only 1.75 g, is extremely compact and power-lean (0.9 W), while it achieves unique visual motion sensing performance (1950 frames per second) in a five-decade range of illuminance. In particular, this paper details the innovative Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) sensing layout, the accurate assembly fabrication process, the innovative, new fast read-out interface, as well as the auto-adaptive dynamic response of the CurvACE sensor. Starting from photodetectors and microoptics on wafer substrates and flexible printed circuit board, the complete assembly of CurvACE was performed in a planar configuration, ensuring high alignment accuracy and compatibility with state-of-the art assembling processes. The characteristics of the photodetector of one artificial ommatidium have been assessed in terms of their dynamic response to light steps. We also characterized the local auto-adaptability of CurvACE photodetectors in response to large illuminance changes: this feature will certainly be of great interest for future applications in real indoor and outdoor environments.
Behavior of Water Cresting Under Horizontal Wells (1995)

Abstract Complex reservoir flow problems could be better understood through a study using physical models. The purpose of this paper is to present results of an experimental study of water crest behavior under horizontal wells. This work is made in an effort to better understand the formation and growth of water crest prior to and after water breakthrough. The physical model constructed differs from others in that variation in length and position of the horizontal well can be made. Eighteen different systems with varied oil column thickness and oil viscosity were run. Particularly in systems with viscous oil, the bottom water never reached the tip end of the well even at a producing water cut of almost 100 percent. The end effects defined as the unswept oil are pronounced as the well length is reduced and as the oil viscosity is increased. Also, at high water cut, the portion of the wellbore with low productivity increases with well length. These physical occurrences have not been previously reported. Postbreakthrough performance will be presented and discussed.
Closed-Form Solutions to Forward–Backward Smoothing (2011)

We propose a closed-form Gaussian sum smoother and, more importantly, closed-form smoothing solutions for increasingly complex problems arising from practice, including tracking in clutter, joint detection and tracking (in clutter), and multiple target tracking (in clutter) via the probability hypothesis density. The solutions are based on the corresponding forward-backward smoothing recursions that involve forward propagation of the filtering densities, followed by backward propagation of the smoothed densities. The key to the exact solutions is the use of alternative forms of the backward propagations, together with standard Gaussian identities. Simulations are also presented to verify the proposed solutions.
Binding of Nucleotides and Nucleosides to Per(6‐guanidino‐6‐deoxy)cyclodextrins in Solution (2009)

Abstract The binding of α‐, β‐, and γ‐per(6‐guanidino‐6‐deoxy)cyclodextrins (ag, bg, and gg, respectively) with nucleotides (5′‐dAMP, 5′‐AMP, and 5′‐dCMP) and nucleosides (2′‐dA and 2′‐dC) was studied with NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. Nucleotides formed strong complexes with bg and gg (not ag) through ditopic binding. Multiple Coulombic attractive forces between the guanidino groups and the single phosphate group of the nucleotides drove inclusion of the entire ribose ring into the cavity, in both deoxy‐ and ribonucleotides, whereas the base moiety was only partially included. In contrast, no interaction was observed between guanidino cyclodextrins and nucleosides. The prevailing stoichiometries in all nucleotide/bg and nucleotide/gg complexes were 1:2, except for 5′‐dAMP/bg where oligomeric aggregates formed. The anti orientation of the nucleotides was preserved upon inclusion. The populations of conformers due to ribose pucker, 2′‐ endo (S) and 3′‐ endo (N), were practically undisturbed by inclusion. Interestingly, in the nucleotide/bg complexes at 278 K two nucleotide conformers were observed with distinctly different signals in slow mutual exchange owing to cavity restriction and a slow ribose pucker rate, which resulted in the observation of 3′‐ endo (N) conformer separate from 2′‐ endo (S) conformer for the first time.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Persistent Coccidioidal Seropositivity Without Clinical Evidence of Active Coccidioidomycosis in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1995)

We retrospectively identified 13 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had persistently positive coccidioidal serological tests without evidence of active coccidioidomycosis--to our knowledge, a heretofore undescribed phenomenon. The median duration of follow-up was 19 months. Five patients developed active coccidioidomycosis during this follow-up period; the median interval from the initial positive serological test to the development of active disease was 23 months. There were no significant differences between patients who developed active coccidioidomycosis and those who did not with regard to CD4 lymphocyte count or previous antifungal therapy. Moreover, when all 13 patients were compared with 21 patients who had HIV infection and active coccidioidomycosis, no differences were found with regard to age, race, risk factor for HIV infection, or initial CD4 lymphocyte count. In summary, persistently positive coccidioidal serological tests in HIV-infected patients appear to represent true coccidioidal infection and are associated with a significant risk of the development of active coccidioidomycosis.
A neural network-based smart antenna for multiple source tracking (2000)

This paper considers the problem of multiple-source tracking with neural network-based smart antennas for wireless terrestrial and satellite mobile communications. The neural multiple-source tracking (N-MUST) algorithm is based on an architecture of a family of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) to perform both detection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The field of view of the antenna array is divided into spatial angular sectors, which are in turn assigned to a different pair of RBFNNs. When a network detects one or more sources in the first stage, the corresponding second stage network(s) are activated to perform the DOA estimation. Simulation results are performed to investigate the performance of the algorithm for various angular separations, with sources of random relative signal-to-noise ratio and when the system suffers from Doppler spread.
Vacuum Electronics: Status and Trends (2007)

The vast preponderance of US radar transmitters today use vacuum electronic amplifiers, spanning the spectrum from UHF to EHF. Enhancements to performance, reliability, and cost of ownership are being applied continuously to these systems: routine in-service life extensions mandate continuing vacuum electronics research and development to support system needs for the foreseeable future. In addition, exciting advances in vacuum electronics will provide dramatic improvements in millimeter-wave radar resolution, broadband low-noise power at microwave frequencies, compact high power sources operating at lower voltages, and life-cycle cost improvement. Recent progress in key enabling technologies, e.g., advanced device modeling and micro-fabrication, is expected to continue. This reviews the status and trends of vacuum electronics, with selected applications emphasizing recent advances in device performance in the microwave regime: multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs), microwave power modules (MPMs), and gyro-amplifiers in the millimeter-wave regime.
<title>Analysis of running discrete orthogonal transforms</title> (1998)

In this paper, we investigate a problem in computation of running discrete orthogonal transforms (RDOT). Due to overlapping blocks of signals, the RDOT for the signal block j can be computed recurrently by representing it as sum of tow terms. The first one is obtained by a multiplication of the circular advance matrix (CAM) by the RDOT of signal block j-1, and the second term is the transform of the sparse vector, formed from the weighted differences of the samples discarded from the block j-1 and the incoming samples of the block j. The second term of this RDOT decomposition could be efficiently implemented using fast prunned algorithms. The computational complexity of the RDOT depend mainly on the implementation of the first term. General conditions on the transform matrix for which CAM is completely sparse is established.
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Synthetic Colorants in Wine by Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2014)

A novel and effective dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE) using ethanediamine-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 polymer (EDA-MP) as an efficient adsorbent in wine sample was developed. Based on this, a simple and time-saving analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven synthetic colorants (i.e., tartrazine, amaranth, carmine, sunset yellow, allura red, brilliant blue and erythrosine) in wine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector was established. The experimental parameters, including the chromatographic retention behavior of studied synthetic colorants, the effect of the usage amount of cross-linking monomer, the effect of the usage amount of EDA-MP on the recovery and the recyclability of the adsorbents, were studied in detail. The results showed that the EDA-MP could be reused efficiently at least six times. Under optimized conditions, the recoveries for all analytes were in the range of 88.6-105.2%, with the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.1 to 8.2% and the interday RSDs ranging from 3.4 to 8.7%, and all the analytes had good linearities in the tested ranges with correlation coefficients (r(2)) >0.9995. The limits of quantification for seven synthetic colorants were between 0.12 and 0.45 mg L(-1). The developed method was successfully applied to wine samples, and it was confirmed that the EDA-MP particles were highly effective d-µ-SPE materials.
An energy-efficient routing protocol for Hybrid-RFID Sensor Network (2011)

This paper proposes an integration architecture that combines conventional wireless sensor nodes, sensor-tags, hybrid sensor nodes and a base station into a smart network named Hybrid RFID-Sensor Network (HRSN). The HRSN as built presents an energy imbalance problem among nodes. This is due to the hybrid nodes sensing energy consumption, which constitutes a large part of the network's residual energy. To implement the HRSN efficiently, a routing protocol that distributes the energy dissipation evenly among all nodes is proposed. The proposed routing protocol is a centralized cluster based protocol that assigns nodes different roles in the network based on their sensing energy properties. The algorithm achieves further energy reduction by letting the base station handle the key tasks, such as cluster formation and assignment of time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing protocol achieves higher energy efficiency than Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and LEACH-Centralized (LEACH-C). The algorithm also significantly prolongs the life span of the nodes with high-energy consumption.
A 3D sky compass to achieve robust estimation of UAV attitude (2015)

This study describes a novel, pure vision-based, method of obtaining the 3DOF attitude of an aircraft through the use of panoramic images of the sky. An iterative optimisation algorithm is applied to estimate the rotation of the aircraft in 3DOF by minimising the sum of absolute differences between two video frames of the sky. This method is unaffected by cumulative integration error, as all estimations are computed with respect to an initial reference image. Furthermore, the adverse effects resulting from movement of objects in the sky or changes in light intensity are ameliorated through the use of an adaptive reference image. Overall, the results illustrate the potential of this system to produce attitude estimates with an accuracy rivalling and in some cases surpassing those of two alternative vision-based methods, and an industry standard IMU.
Evaluation of a Ruthenium Oxyquinolate Architecture for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Synthesis of the [Ru(dcbpy)(2)(OQN)](+) complex is reported in which dcbpy and OQN(-) are the bidentate 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridyl and 8-oxyquinolate ligands, respectively. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical analyses are indicative of extensive Ru(OQN) molecular orbital overlap due to degenerate Ru d(π) and OQN p(π) mixing. [Ru(dcbpy)(2)(OQN)](+) displays spectroscopic properties remarkably similar to those of the N3 dye, making it a promising candidate for application in dye-sensitized solar cell devices. However, its solar power conversion efficiency requires further optimization.
Implications for Oxidative Stress as a Risk Factor in Progression to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1999)

[] Aim: Using structural bioinformatics methods, the aim is to assess the hypothesis that hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene in an overlapping reading frame, linking HCV expression and pathogenesis to the Se status and dietary oxidant/antioxidant balance of the host. 0 Methods: The putative HCV GPx gene was identified by searching viral sequence databases, using conserved GPx active site sequences as probes, giving particular weight to the UGA (selenocysteine) codon. Multiple sequence alignments were generated and analyzed to validate the sequence similarity, and to estabhsh the degree of conservation of the identified genomic features in HCV. Molecular modehng was used to assess the structural feasibility of the proposed homology. [] Results: The GPx homology region overlaps the NS4 gene, and is well conserved in HCV. The sequence similarity of the conserved active site regions to a set of known GPx is high (4 to 6 SD greater than expected for similar random sequences). The computed strain energy of a molecular model of the HCV GPx is energetically favorable, comparable to the bovine GPx structure. [] Conclusions: By hnking HCV replication and pathogenesis to the Se status and dietary oxidant/antioxidant balance of the host, the e,'dstence of a viral GPx gene could help to explain why HCV disease progression is accelerated by oxidant stresses such as alcoholism and iron overload.
Is there a need for additional means of recognizing myocardial necrosis? (1977)

One might logically question whether there is a need for additional techniques to recognize the presence of acute myocardial infarcts in patients. Traditionally, the ECG and serum measurement of cardiac enzymes have been used to detect the presence or absence of acute myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery disease. For recognizing acute myocardial infarcts, these techniques are adequate in many patients, providing an absolute differentiation between the presence of acute myocardial infarction and other coronary artery disease syndromes, including angina pectoris and acute myocardial ischemia. However, there are subgroups of patients who come to the hospital with chest pain, in whom it is difficult to determine with accuracy whether they have had acute myocardial infarcts when just the ECG and cardiac enzymes are used alone. In particular, patients who arrive at the hospital 16 or more hours after the onset of chest pain, those with conduction abnormalities on their ECG,
A fluorescence‐based sequence‐specific primer PCR for the screening of HLA‐B*57:01 (2010)

Abacavir (ABC) is an antiretroviral drug highly effective in the treatment of HIV, but its intake can cause severe hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). A strong association between HLA-B(*)57:01 and ABC HSRs was reported by several studies, which demonstrated that HLA-B(*)57:01 screening had a 100% negative predictive value and that it could accurately identify patients at high risk of ABC HSRs. We propose a new sequence-specific primer PCR assay based on fluorescence detection through CE which is highly sensitive, allowing the use of non-infective sources of DNA such as saliva and buccal swabs, in addition to blood and reproducible, allowing automation of the analytical process. The results of our study were first compared with a standard sequence-specific primer PCR technique and reported a concordance of 100%, and then a blind external validation further confirmed the accuracy of our method.
Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous Zirconium Titanium Oxide Microspheres with Varying Compositions and High Surface Areas for Heavy Metal Ion Sequestration (2012)

Abstract Monodisperse mesoporous zirconium titanium oxide microspheres with varying compositions (Zr content from 0 to 100%), high surface areas (up to 413 m 2 /g) and well‐interconnected mesopores are synthesized via a combined sol–gel self‐assembly and solvothermal process. Surface areas, pore diameters, crystallinity and mesostructures of the products are controlled by changing the composition of the microspheres. The resulting mesoporous microspheres are tested as adsorbents to remove Cr (VI) anions from solution and the binary oxides show very high adsorption capacities (&gt;25.40 mg/g, that is 0.49 mmol/g) in contrast to previously reported oxides (4.25 mg/g for TiO 2 , 4.47 mg/g for α‐Fe 2 O 3 , 5.8 mg/g for CeO 2 ). The maximum adsorption capacities of the mesoporous microspheres of varying compositions correlate with the amount of surface hydroxyl groups on the materials. A maximum adsorption capacity of 29.46 mg/g (0.57 mmol/g) is achieved on the microspheres containing 30% Zr due to abundant active hydroxyl groups for heavy metal ion adsorption. Owing to their integrated features (including variable compositions, high specific surface area, tunable pore size and monodisperse grain size) as well as specific acid‐base surface properties, such mesoporous zirconium titanium oxide microspheres are also expected to have potential either as catalysts or catalyst supports for industrial applications.
Hearing your touch: A new acoustic side channel on smartphones (2019)

We present the first acoustic side-channel attack that recovers what users type on the virtual keyboard of their touch-screen smartphone or tablet. When a user taps the screen with a finger, the tap generates a sound wave that propagates on the screen surface and in the air. We found the device's microphone(s) can recover this wave and "hear" the finger's touch, and the wave's distortions are characteristic of the tap's location on the screen. Hence, by recording audio through the built-in microphone(s), a malicious app can infer text as the user enters it on their device. We evaluate the effectiveness of the attack with 45 participants in a real-world environment on an Android tablet and an Android smartphone. For the tablet, we recover 61% of 200 4-digit PIN-codes within 20 attempts, even if the model is not trained with the victim's data. For the smartphone, we recover 9 words of size 7--13 letters with 50 attempts in a common side-channel attack benchmark. Our results suggest that it not always sufficient to rely on isolation mechanisms such as TrustZone to protect user input. We propose and discuss hardware, operating-system and application-level mechanisms to block this attack more effectively. Mobile devices may need a richer capability model, a more user-friendly notification system for sensor usage and a more thorough evaluation of the information leaked by the underlying hardware.