gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axial and appendicular bone density predict fractures in older women (1992)

To determine whether measurement of hip and spine bone mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) predicts fractures in women and to compare the predictive value of DEXA with that of single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of appendicular sites, we prospectively studied 8134 nonblack women age 65 years and older who had both DEXA and SPA measurements of bone mass. A total of 208 nonspine fractures, including 37 wrist fractures, occurred during the follow-up period, which averaged 0.7 years. The risk of fracture was inversely related to bone density at all measurement sites. After adjusting for age, the relative risks per decrease of 1 standard deviation in bone density for the occurrence of any fracture was 1.40 for measurement at the proximal femur (95% confidence interval 1.20-1.63) and 1.35 (1.15-1.58) for measurement at the spine. Results were similar for all regions of the proximal femur as well as SPA measurements at the calcaneus, distal radius, and proximal radius. None of these measurements was a significantly better predictor of fractures than the others. Furthermore, measurement of the distal radius was not a better predictor of wrist fracture (relative risk 1.64: 95% CI 1.13-2.37) than other sites, such as the lumbar spine (RR 1.56; CI 1.07-2.26), the femoral neck (RR 1.65; CI 1.12-2.41), or the calcaneus (RR 1.83; CI 1.26-2.64). We conclude that the inverse relationship between bone mass and risk of fracture in older women is similar for absorptiometric measurements made at the hip, spine, and appendicular sites.
Fast Implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard Using Atmega1281 (2011)

In recent years, wireless sensor network technology has been frequently used in various fields, thereby making it increasingly important to ensure that the data being transferred remains confidential. Symmetric-key cryptography, which does not require high computing capacity, is a method that is generally used because the computing and memory requirements of sensor nodes are low. An implementation of symmetric-key cryptography is needed in order to achieve high-speed processing of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a fast implementation scheme of the Advanced Encryption Standard using an inline-assembler that is suitable for the ATmega1281 microcontroller. This microcontroller is a part of the Atmel AVR series and is often equipped with sensor nodes for use in wireless sensor networks.
Acquired Renal Cystic Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients (1984)

End-stage kidneys are known to undergo cystic transformation in patients treated with long-term hemodialysis. Little has been published, however, on the occurrence of acquired renal cystic disease (ACD) in renal transplant recipients. The available clinical and histopathological data were gathered on 22 renal transplant recipients who had undergone either necropsy or nephrectomy. None of our patients exhibited cystic changes in their donor kidneys. However, 11 patients (50%) had ACD of the native kidneys while the remaining patients lacked ACD. The duration of dialysis prior to transplantation was significantly longer and the life of the functional transplant kidney was significantly shorter in the ACD group as compared to the noncystic group. The combined duration of ESRD (dialysis + transplantation), however, was comparable in the two groups. It thus appears that the presence of a functioning renal allograft somehow retards the evolution of cystic changes in the diseased native kidneys. 1 of the patients in the ACD group exhibited superimposed multifocal clear cell carcinoma of the affected kidney, while none of the patients in the noncystic group exhibited renal neoplasm.
Comparing models of computation (2002)

We give a denotational framework (a meta model) within which certain properties of models of computation can be understood and compared. It describes concurrent processes as sets of possible behaviors. Compositions of processes are given as intersections of their behaviors. The interaction between processes is through signals, which are collections of events. Each event is a value-tag pair, where the tags can come from a partially ordered or totally ordered set. Timed models are where the set of tags is totally ordered. Synchronous events share the same tag, and synchronous signals contain events with the same set of tags. Synchronous systems contain synchronous signals. Strict causality (in timed systems) and continuity (in untimed systems) ensure determinacy under certain technical conditions. The framework is used to compare certain essential features of various models of computation, including Kahn process networks, dataflow, sequential processes, concurrent sequential processes with rendezvous, Petri nets, and discrete-event systems.
Mimo for millimeter-wave wireless communications: beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or both? (2014)

The use of mmWave frequencies for wireless communications offers channel bandwidths far greater than previously available, while enabling dozens or even hundreds of antenna elements to be used at the user equipment, base stations, and access points. To date, MIMO techniques, such as spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and diversity, have been widely deployed in lower-frequency systems such as IEEE 802.11n/ac (wireless local area networks) and 3GPP LTE 4G cellphone standards. Given the tiny wavelengths associated with mmWave, coupled with differences in the propagation and antennas used, it is unclear how well spatial multiplexing with multiple streams will be suited to future mmWave mobile communications. This tutorial explores the fundamental issues involved in selecting the best communications approaches for mmWave frequencies, and provides insights, challenges, and appropriate uses of each MIMO technique based on early knowledge of the mmWave propagation environment.
Unexpected matching insensitivity in DTL of GTA accelerator (2002)

The intertank matching section (IMS) of the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) contains four variable-field quadrupoles (VFQs) and is designed to match beam exiting the radio-frequency quadrupole to the first tank of the Drift-Tube Linac (DTL-1). By varying the VFQ field strengths to create a range of beam mismatches at the entrance to DTL-1, one can test the sensitivity of the DTL-1 output beam to variations in the DTL-1 input beam. Experimental studies made during commissioning of the GTA indicate an unexpected result: the beam exiting DTL-1 shows little variation for a range of mismatches produced at the entrance. Results of the experiment and simulation studies are presented.
Antitumor Activity Mediated by CpG (2011)

Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) are synthetic toll-like receptor 9 agonists that activate innate immune cells and which have been tested as an immune therapy in a number of cancer clinical trials. Although some antitumor immune responses have been reported, so far the majority of studies have failed to show significant clinical responses to CpG. Here we showed that the route of administration is critical to the antitumor activity of CpG. Although intravenous (i.v.) injection of CpG was capable of inducing the activation and expansion of tumor antigen-specific T cells, most of these activated T cells failed to migrate to tumor sites. By contrast, intratumoral (i.t.) injection of CpG led to extensive tumor infiltration of antigen-specific T cells and subsequent tumor suppression. We further showed that very high levels of inflammatory chemokines [regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP5), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP1α, and MIP1β)] were induced in the tumor microenvironment after i.t. CpG injection, compared with administration by the i.v. route. It is interesting to note that, in vivo depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells greatly reduced the levels of chemokines induced; also, T-cell accumulation and antitumor effect were impaired. We also showed that i.t. but not i.v. CpG injection induced a broad antigen-specific T-cell response against tumor-derived antigens. Collectively, our data provides evidence that the route of CpG administration is a critical factor in mediating antitumor activity. By inducing localized inflammatory signals at tumor sites, i.t. CpG effectively promotes the migration, activation and function of immune cells, ultimately leading to improved tumor control.
Atomic structure of solid and liquid polyethylene oxide (1998)

The structure of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was investigated by neutron scattering in both semicrystalline and liquid states. Deuterated samples were studied in addition to the protonated ones in order to avoid the large incoherent scattering of hydrogen and identify features in the pair correlation functions attributable to C–H pairs. Analysis of the deuterated sample gave additional information on the C–O and C–C pairs. The results are compared with molecular-dynamics simulations of liquid PEO.
Optimal Parameter Identification for a Hydrodynamic Roll Gap Model in Hot Strip Rolling (2018)

When using modern model-based control concepts in a hot strip rolling mill, an accurate prediction of the roll force is crucial for the achieved control accuracy in terms of the strip thickness. Hence, the influence of various process parameters, e.g., lubrication, on the roll force is of central interest. Commonly used roll gap models are based on the slab method and are often not capable of describing these influences. The hydrodynamic roll gap model, however, can capture the influence of varying friction conditions between the strip and the work rolls. Varying friction conditions can be caused, for instance, by lubrication. This paper presents a combination of the hydrodynamic roll gap model with tailored material models for a more accurate prediction of the roll force in a tandem rolling mill. To parametrize the model, an optimization-based identification algorithm is proposed for unknown friction coefficients and material parameters. The identification algorithm is used on measurement data from an industrial hot strip rolling mill. A comparison with a commonly used roll gap model shows that the parametrized hydrodynamic roll gap model predicts the roll force with significantly higher accuracy.
Analysis of Energy Efficiency of a Backhoe during Digging Operation (2020)

Analysis of Energy Efficiency of a Backhoe during Digging Operation Yusuke Sano, Chunnan Wu, Hisashi Osumi, Yuki Kawashima and Tomoaki Tsuda Pages 589-594 (2020 Proceedings of the 37th ISARC, Kitakyushu, Japan, ISBN 978-952-94-3634-7, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: The energy consumption of a backhoe during digging operation is the sum of the energy due to earth pressure and backhoe motion. The authors' previous studies have revealed the earth pressure model on the arc trajectory, but not on the horizontal trajectory, which is often used in normal digging operation. Moreover, in order to optimize energy efficiency, a comparative experiment of energy consumption was carried out for the multiple excavation trajectories involving horizontal direction. However, since the theoretical model of earth pressure has not been completed, the experimental data obtained from the testbed is used as a reaction force. If it can be confirmed that the reaction force of the horizontal trajectory can be calculated with a theoretical value, the energy efficiency can be calculated from the excavation trajectory without experiment. In this study, the earth pressure model for the horizontal trajectory was confirmed, and the method for the evaluation of energy efficiency was verified using the theoretical values. Keywords: Backhoe; Digging force; Coulomb's earth pressure DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0082 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Induction of multiple‐drug resistance during anti‐neoplastic chemotherapy in vitro (1991)

Induction of P-glycoprotein-related multi-drug-resistance (MDR) has been shown in normal and malignant tissues to result from environmental stresses such as heat shock, exposure to carcinogens or X-ray irradiation. To identify conditions under which MDR is enhanced during anti-neoplastic chemotherapy, a cell line showing low-level intrinsic MDR was investigated. In the pleural mesothelioma cell line, PXF1118, less than 1% of cells expressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as shown by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibody (MAb) MRK16. Exposure of PXF1118 to vincristine, vindesine, vinblastine or doxorubicin for 2-3 weeks led to an increase in the MDR cell fraction of up to 15-28% during 2 to 3 weeks. For doxorubicin and vindesine, dose-dependence was observed: drug concentrations not capable of eliciting cytotoxicity failed to induce significant P-gp expression. Nutrient starvation in aging medium, exposure to activated cyclophosphamide (even at high concentrations) or cisplatin caused only negligible MDR induction. After exposure to vindesine for 6 weeks, tumor colonies exhibited highly enhanced resistance to Vinca alkaloids, doxorubicin, etoposide and dacarbacine, whereas their sensitivity to mitomycin, activated cyclophosphamide or cisplatin remained unchanged. As determined by [3H]-thymidine uptake and proliferation antigen expression, induction of MDR phenotype was observed at minimal proliferative activity with no change in cell count during exposure to anti-cancer drugs, thus suggesting that the drug treatments changed the phenotype of the cells rather than selecting for a resistant sub-population. In addition, changes in cell differentiation were observed during MDR induction. Induction of P-gp during exposure to anti-cancer drugs thus provides a model for MDR development during initially successful chemotherapy. of P-gp during exposure to anti-cancer drugs thus provides
Smectic Mesophases from Quaternary Amphiphilic Ammonium Salts Functionalized with Interacting Endgroups (1995)

Abstract The functionalization of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium salts with properly chosen interacting endgroups constitutes an easy way to produce novel liquid crystal-line materials with diversified physical properties.1 Additional cyano endgroups introduce dipole-dipole interactions susceptible to strongly affect the liquid crystalline behaviour. Thus, the dialkyldimethylammonium bromides were found to produce smectic mesophases in which, because of the strong coulombic interactions between the ionic species, the lateral packing of the molecules within the layers is ordered and tetragonal in symmetry.2 Introduction of a cyano endgroup attached to one of the alkyl chains, namely a propyl chain, was found to immediately transform the ordered smectic into a disordered smectic A structure.3 This is due to the fact that the cyano group induces supramolecular dimerization through its dipolar interactions. We thought it of interest to extend this study by taking quaternary alkyl(hexadecyldimethylammonium) bromides carrying a variety of endgroups X. This paper describes some preliminary, but encouraging, results along this line.
The trade-off between processing gains of impulse radio systems in the presence of timing jitter (2004)

In time hopping impulse radio, N/sub f/ pulses of duration T/sub c/ are transmitted for each symbol. This gives rise to two types of processing gain: (i) pulse combining gain, which is a factor N/sub f/, and (ii) pulse spreading gain, which is N/sub c/ = T/sub f//T/sub c/, where T/sub f/ is the mean interval between two subsequent pulses. This paper investigates the trade-off between these two types of processing gain with and without random polarity codes in the presence of timing jitter. Approximate expressions for bit error probability are derived for both coded and uncoded systems over additive white Gaussian noise channels and are used as the criterion to choose optimal N/sub f/ and N/sub c/ values. The effects of timing jitter and multiple access interference on the selection of optimal system parameters are explained through theoretical analysis. Simulation studies support the theoretical results.
Suboptimal Outcomes in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck with Nodal Metastases (2018)

Patients with nodal metastases from cSCC-HN have suboptimal outcomes. ECE and immunosuppression were significantly associated with DR.
Imaginarios juveniles y virtualidad (2005)

Este es un ensayo sobre las practicas culturales de sectores juveniles marginados en la ciudad de Puebla, en los que se identifica una participacion creciente en los espacios publicos (fisicos y virtuales), la reconstruccion de sus imaginarios urbanos y reconfiguracion de sus identidades culturales. Constituye un analisis de sus itinerarios nomadas y procesos de ritualidad, con una constante apropiacion e incorporacion de contenidos mediaticos mediante los cuales buscan trascender socialmente y recrear los conflictos culturales encubiertos en el anonimato
Three-year follow-up of palatal implants for the treatment of snoring (2011)

No major adverse events were observed. Eleven of the 55 patients (20%) experienced implant extrusions, 8 during the first year, 3 in the second, and none in the third year. Twenty-six patients (47.3%) had additional procedures past 1 year. Only one post-implant surgery caused an extrusion. The success defined as no additional surgery followed by endpoint satisfaction rate was 34.6%. For patients with implants intact it was 41.5% (17/41) at 3 years, significantly better than for those who experienced loss of implants.
Flushing of salt from mangrove swamps (1981)

Both tidal inundation and groundwater flow help flush salt from mangrove swamps.
On the CDN pricing game (2013)

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) serve a large fraction of Internet traffic today improving user-perceived response time and availability of content. With tens of CDNs competing for content producers, it is important to understand the game played by these CDNs and whether the game is sustainable in the long term. In this paper, we formulate a game-theoretic model to analyze price competition among CDNs. Under this model, we propose an optimal strategy employed by two-CDN games. The strategy is incentive-compatible since any CDN that deviates from the strategy ends up with a lower utility. The strategy is also efficient since it produces a total utility that is at least two thirds of the social optimal utility. We formally derive the sufficient conditions for such a strategy to exist, and empirically show that there exists an optimal strategy for the games with more than two CDNs.
Increased risk of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in individuals with glutathione S‐transferase M1 ‘null’ mutation (2001)

Homozygous 'null' mutation at the GSTM1 gene might predispose an individual to ATD-induced hepatotoxicity.
The Freedom SOLO valve: superior hemodynamic results with a new stentless pericardial valve for aortic valve replacement. (2007)

The Freedom SOLO stentless valve is easy to implant and demonstrates superior early postoperative hemodynamics. Due to the reduced cross-clamp time, it also offers an attractive option in isolated and combined AVR.
SRC and ERK cooperatively phosphorylate DLC1 and attenuate its Rho-GAP and tumor suppressor functions (2019)

SRC and ERK kinases control many cell biological processes that promote tumorigenesis by altering the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins. We identify here a physiological interaction between DLC1, a focal adhesion protein and tumor suppressor, with SRC and ERK. The tumor suppressor function of DLC1 is attenuated by phosphorylation of tyrosines Y451 and Y701 by SRC, which down-regulates DLC1's tensin-binding and Rho-GAP activities. ERK1/2 phosphorylate DLC1 on serine S129, which increases both the binding of SRC to DLC1 and SRC-dependent phosphorylation of DLC1. SRC inhibitors exhibit potent antitumor activity in a DLC1-positive transgenic cancer model and a DLC1-positive tumor xenograft model, due to reactivation of the tumor suppressor activities of DLC1. Combined treatment of DLC1-positive tumors with SRC plus AKT inhibitors has even greater antitumor activity. Together, these findings indicate cooperation between the SRC, ERK1/2, and AKT kinases to reduce DLC1 Rho-GAP and tumor suppressor activities in cancer cells, which can be reactivated by the kinase inhibitors.
Limited number of immunoglobulin VH regions expressed in the mutant rabbit “Alicia” (1990)

A unique feature of rabbit Ig is the presence of VH region allotypic specificities. In normal rabbits, more than 80% of circulating immunoglobulin molecules bear the VHa allotypic specificities, al, a2 or a3; the remaining 10% to 20% of immunoglobulin molecules lack VHa allotypic specificities and are designated VHa-. A mutant rabbit designated Alicia, in contrast, has predominantly serum immunoglobulin molecules that lack the VHa allotypic specificities (Kelus and Weiss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986. 83: 4883). To study the nature and molecular complexity of VHa- molecules, we cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of seven cDNA prepared from splenic RNA of an Alicia rabbit. Six of the clones appeared to encode VHa- molecules; the framework regions encoded by these clones were remarkably similar to each other, each having an unusual insertion of four amino acids at position 10. This insertion of four amino acids has been seen in only 2 of 54 sequenced rabbit VH genes. The similarity of the sequences of the six VHa- clones to each other and their dissimilarity to most other VH genes leads us to suggest that the VHa- molecules in Alicia rabbits are derived predominantly from one or a small number of very similar VH genes. Such preferential utilization of a small number of VH genes may explain the allelic inheritance of VH allotypes.
Stimulated Raman gain in a Λ-type atomic system with doubly excited transitions (2000)

Measurements of stimulated Raman gain in rubidium vapor are made and compared with a detailed model. Amplification of a weak probe laser is observed in a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level system that is driven by a strong cw coupling laser. The intensity of the coupling laser is sufficiently strong that it both optically pumps the atomic levels, causing a population inversion in the ground-state hyperfine levels, and drives the stimulated Raman process producing gain. A theory that models all aspects of the gain mechanism is presented. The model includes all interactions between the external fields and the atomic transitions, including those processes that involve multiple fields interacting with the same transition. Numerical calculations are compared with gain measurements made at several coupling laser intensities and detunings from the $D1$ line in ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}.$
PDE Constrained Optimization for Digital Image Correlation (2015)

The purpose of this report is to investigate a partial differential equation (PDE) constrained optimiza- tion approach for estimating the velocity field given image data for use within digital image correlation (DIC). We first introduce the problem and the standard DIC approach and then demonstrate why the DIC problem is ill-posed and introduce a standard regularization of the problem. We also demonstrate that the functional used is sensitive and robust via a sequence of experiments given by a stochastic model inducing the PDE constraint.
Facial Expression Analysis and Synthesis: A Survey (2003)

Human facial expression analysis and synthesis play a central role in the social context, being investigated by many psychologists over the time. Moreover, an increased interest has been shown in developing an automated facial expression analyzer capable of recognizing, classifying and then synthesizing human expressions on synthetic “talking heads”. This paper surveys the state of the art in this area. 1