gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gain versus tuning issues to Q-switch with Yb3+:LSO and amplify broad-bandwidth pulses (2009)

The capability of a thin slab of Yb3+:LSO to be tuned within a Q-switched cavity is demonstrated in a range of laser wavelengths from 1052 to 1065 nm. Using a side-pump architecture, to create a linear gain-stripe in the crystal of which the dimensions can be finely controlled, we generate 50 to 150 ns-wide pulses in the range 1–5 mJ. These experimental data are fitted with the theoretical predictions by means of comprehensive modeling. Our model involves all the relevant parameters for the discussion of energetic, spectral and spatial issues of interest to evaluate the potential of this quasi-three-level material in the field of broadband regenerative amplification. Thanks to pure homogeneous broadening, this finally helps us to size a consistent pump design dedicated to the amplification of broad-bandwidth pulses up to a few milli-joules near 1053–1056 nm, the range of wavelengths involved in ICF.
Osteocalcin Protects Against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome (2014)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly its more aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is associated with hepatic insulin resistance. Osteocalcin, a protein secreted by osteoblast cells in bone, has recently emerged as an important metabolic regulator with insulin-sensitizing properties. In humans, osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with liver disease. We thus hypothesized that osteocalcin may attenuate NASH and examined the effects of osteocalcin treatment in middle-aged (12-mo-old) male Ldlr(-/-) mice, which were fed a Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome and NASH. Mice were treated with osteocalcin (4.5 ng/h) or vehicle for the diet duration. Osteocalcin treatment not only protected against Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced insulin resistance but substantially reduced multiple NASH components, including steatosis, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis, with an overall reduction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores. Further, osteocalcin robustly reduced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes (Cd68, Mcp1, Spp1, and Col1a2) in liver and suppressed inflammatory gene expression in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, these results suggest osteocalcin inhibits NASH development by targeting inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
T Cell-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells Requires IL-12 and IFN-γ Signaling in T Cells (2006)

Patients presenting with genetic deficiencies in IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IL-12B, and IL-12RB1 display increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. We analyzed in this group of patients the cross-talk between human CD4+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) that leads to maturation of DC into producers of bioactive IL-12 and to activation of T cells into IFN-gamma producers. We found that this cross-talk is defective in all patients from this group. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this deficiency, we showed that IL-12 signaling in T cells is required to induce expression of costimulatory molecules and secretion of IL-12 by DCs and that IFNGR expression is required on both DCs and CD4+ T cells to induce IL-12 secretion by DCs. These data suggest that CD4+ T cell-mediated activation of DCs plays a critical role in the defense against mycobacterial infections in humans.
Ultra-wideband performance optimization of a body-of-revolution monopole antenna (2011)

A type of UWB body-of-revolution monopole antenna is presented with an outer surface which is characterized by a sequence of 2-D line segments defined by their length and angle. Using the genetic algorithm, a 24" wide and 6" tall metallic antenna structure is optimized to deliver a highly stable radiation pattern particularly at high frequency end (up to 2.5 GHz). Moreover, a different configuration of the same size is proposed to achieve -15 dBi gain at 40 MHz (when it is 0.08λ in aperture and 0.02λ in height) while maintaining a nearly constant 2 dBi gain from 100 MHz to 2 GHz.
Studies on Human Clot Retraction (1957)

Dialysis of platelet homogenates removes material needed for clot retraction. Platelet homogenates, platelet dialysate and serotonin possess clot retraction potentialities. Plasma also contains material concerned with clot retraction and, when it is adsorbed with barium carbonate, it loses clot retraction activity. This activity, which is adsorbed on barium carbonate, can be eluted with dilute sodium citrate solutions. The adsorbed factor(s) is believed to be a protein. Thus, a plasma protein and dialyzable platelet substance(s), which includes serotonin, are concerned with clot retraction. Even in low concentration, glycerol interferes with clot retraction, and clots that do not retract are invariably transparent. Submitted on August 6, 1956
Complexity and Self-Organisation (2013)

Abstract So far, our discussion has mainly been concerned with inanimate matter. Only in Chapter 3 did we notice what is missing in “information” if “meaning” is excluded. A phenomenological theory of the generation of “meaningful information” is given in Chapter 4 and this chapter. If we are dealing with genetic sequences, making use of four classes of symbols (referring to the four nucleotides used in nucleic acids), a sequence including n positions has 4n different possibilities. The sequence space is then a point space including 4n points, one for each possible sequence. The distances between any two sequences of this length corresponds to the number of positions occupied by different symbols. A value parameter is introduced which finally determines the population structure. The mutant spectrum appears in the form of a rather dissipated “cloud” that has one or several value maxima, a fact that is due mainly to the presence of “neutral sequences” (i.e. sequences of equal fitness value). The theory confirms formally Darwin’s result. However, the interpretation is completely different from the one generally encountered. Under normal conditions there is no fittest single individual. Rather, fitness is a property of a population, expressed by an eigenvalue of a matrix to which contribution is made by all the individuals present. Since we are dealing with coupled differential equations, the linear case can be expressed by the matrix of rate coefficients. However, according to a mathematical theorem by Perron and Frobenius, only the largest eigenvalue of the matrix is stable. To this we can assign the term “fittest”. The theory uncovers many surprising details. It also unifies the mechanisms of origin and evolutionary adaptation, both referring to different regions in the solutions of the same system of coupled differential equations. Some mathematical details can be found in the Appendices, including contributions from Peter Richter and Peter Schuster.
Application of multivariate optical computing to near-infrared imaging (2002)

Rapid quantitative imaging of chemical species is an important tool for investigating heterogenous mixtures, such as laminated plastics, biological samples and vapor plumes. Using traditional spectroscopic methods requires difficult computations on very large data sets. By embedding a spectral pattern that corresponds to a target analyte in an interference filter in a beamsplitter arrangement; the chemical information in an image can be obtained rapidly and with a minimal amount of computation. A candidate filter design that is tolerant to the angles present in an imaging arrangement is evaluated in near-infrared spectral region for an organic analyte and an interferent.
Pregabalin Reduces Opioid Consumption and Improves Outcome in Chronic Pain Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (2014)

Pregabalin in the context of multimodal pain management may be associated with reduced opioid consumption and other medical complications in patients undergoing TKA, including previous users of chronic pain medications.
Bringing Knowledge to the Edge with Jnana Edge and Buddhi Edge: Architecture, Implementation, and Future Directions (2014)

Jnana Edge provides a fundamentally different approach to bringing a knowledge experience, in a qualitatively rich, focused way to specific demographics. This is done through an interdisciplinary convergence of key technological advancements from scalable hierarchical system architectures, cloud computing, dynamic cache hierarchies, and distributed virtualization. Architecture and implementation considerations are presented, particularly for Buddhi Edge which instantiates the Jnana Edge framework in the educational scope. Future directions are also suggested.
Novel B-lymphocyte-deleting agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: induction of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (2003)

Apoptosis is a principal mechanism in metazoans by which superfluous or potentially harmful cells are eliminated. Deregulation of this process leads to a variety of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Stimuli that can induce apoptosis are relatively diverse, and include the death factors (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor and TRAIL), DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Regardless of the origin of the apoptotic stimulus, commitment to apoptosis leads to activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Cleavage of a select group of cellular substrates by caspases is responsible for the morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death. The degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the features of apoptotic cell death, and is mediated by a caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Cells deficient in CAD undergo cell death without the DNA fragmentation, but CAD-null mice did not show any adverse phenotypes. A close examination of the apoptotic cells in these mice indicated that apoptotic cells are always in macrophages. It seems that at an early stage of apoptosis, the dying cells present an 'eat me signal' on their surface. This signal is recognized by macrophages for engulfment, and DNase II in the lysosomes of macrophages degrades DNA of apoptotic cells. Mice deficient in both CAD and DNase II genes were established, and the development of various organs was found to be severely impaired in these mutant mice. The mice accumulated a large amount of undigested DNA in macrophages in various tissues during development. This accumulation of DNA in macrophages activated the innate immunity to induce the expression of the interferon gene. The interferon thus produced seems to be responsible for the impaired tissue development. These results indicate that the degradation of DNA during apoptotic cell death is an essential step of apoptosis to maintain mammalian homeostasis.
Estimating near term breast cancer risk from sequential mammograms using deep learning, radon cumulative distribution transform, and a clinical risk factor: preliminary analysis (2021)

Our ultimate goal is to develop a personalized breastscreening model. This model will provide information to an individual woman for planning her own screening options based on her imaging and other characteristics. To do so, we are developing a computerized method to estimate a near term risk of screen detectable breast cancer (sBCa) by analyzing lateral and temporal differences in screening mammograms using the Radon Cumulative Distribution Transform (RCDT), a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN). The RCDT can highlight subtle signals associated with future sBCa by exploiting lateral and temporal differences in screening mammograms of women. We used a dCNN to build a robust classification marker of having sBCa within a year from a negative screening. We explored the potential for incremental improvement over known risk factors by combining the dCNN with age and showed consistent gains in identifying asymptomatic women with a low risk of having sBCa (who could use the personalized screening option to safely skip their next screening). We used 4296 screening mammogram images of 537 women with 151 sBCa cases and fine-tuned the VGG16 network using a data split ratio of 0.64:0.16:0.2 for training, validation, and testing. The final model on the independent testing dataset achieved an AUC of 0.82, and a specificity at a sensitivity level of 98% (Sp@Se98) of 0.51 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.40 to 0.65. This indicates that the model could reliably identify at least 40% of low-risk women with a 2% error for a false negative rate.
Simultaneous Absorption of SO_2 and NO from flue gas with CaCO_3 and liquid phase oxidation (2009)

Systematic comparative experiments on simultaneous flue gas desulfurization and denitrification were conducted with CaCO3 as the sorbent and with NaClO2 and KMnO4 as oxidants.The influences of different experimental conditions on the removal efficiencies of SO2 and NO were examined.Experimental results show that NaClO2 gives better desulfurization and denitrification results than KMnO4 under the same conditions.Lower pH is beneficial to denitrification oxidized with NaClO2,but it has no significant impact on denitrification with KMnO4.NO removal efficiency can be improved by increasing SO2 concentration or decreasing NO concentration,more notably for the oxidant NaClO2 than KMnO4.Increasing the feeding amount of oxidant or the depth of jet tubes immersed into the sorbent results in a rise in the removal efficiencies of SO2 and NO.
Selective C–H Bond Activation of 1,2‐Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane by the Donor‐Stabilized Silylene Bis[N,N′‐diisopropylbenzamidinato(–)]silicon(II) (2014)

Abstract Reaction of donor‐stabilized silylene 1 (which is three‐coordinate in the solid state and four‐coordinate in solution) with 1,2‐dicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaborane affords neutral six‐coordinate silicon(IV) complex 2 with a carboranyl ligand through selective C cluster –H bond activation. Compound 2 undergoes selective Si–C bond cleavage with acetonitrile to form neutral six‐coordinate silicon(IV) complex 3 with a cyanomethyl ligand and 1,2‐dicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaborane. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by crystal structure analyses and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in the solid state and in solution. In addition, compound 2 was studied by DFT calculations.
Iron reduction as an adjuvant to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have previously not responded to interferon: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial (2000)

Hepatic iron concentration has consistently been observed as being directly correlated with the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). We therefore conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing iron reduction by phlebotomy with iron reduction followed by retreatment with interferon in 96 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had previously not responded to a course of interferon. During the initial phase when all patients were undergoing phlebotomy, we found that serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activities decreased but by less than 50% from baseline in 67 patients (89%), decreased by more than 50% in 12 patients (13%) and became normal in 9 patients (9%) with no overall change in HCV-RNA levels. Subsequently no patient in either treatment group achieved a sustained virologic response. Improvements in necroinflammatory changes were noted in liver biopsy specimens in those patients receiving phlebotomy plus interferon (mean index 8.59 vs. 7.37, P <. 05). A slight but not statistically significant decrease in histologic activity index was noted in those subjects treated by phlebotomy alone (mean index 8.4 vs. 7.75, P not significant). We conclude that, although prior phlebotomy therapy does not improve the rate of sustained response to interferon retreatment, it does result in less liver injury manifested by a decrease in serum transaminase activity and a slight improvement in liver histopathology.
Tensors in ferroelectric nanoparticles: First-principles-based simulations (2007)

Material tensors are identified in ferroelectric nanostructures via the use of first-principles-based simulations and analytical developments. In particular, one of such tensors represents a form of electromechanical coupling occurring at the nanoscale, while another tensor can be considered as analogous of dielectric susceptibility when going from bulk to nanoparticles. The reasons behind the existence of such overlooked tensors are discussed.
Front Cover: Unprecedented Ionization Processes in Mass Spectrometry Provide Missing Link between ESI and MALDI (ChemPhysChem 5/2018) (2018)

The Front Cover shows that in mass spectrometry ionization, key to the production of multiply-charged ions is the volatility of the matrix and desolvation. Mechanistic links are suggested between the ionization process reported and traditional ionization methods of ESI and MALDI. More information can be found in the Article by S. Trimpin et al. on page 581 in Issue 5, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701246).
"Cold" Ignition of Combustionlike Waves of Cryopolymerization and Other Reactions in Solids (2003)

Fronts of chemical weakly exothermal reactions (such as polymerization,chorination of hydrocarbons, and others) may propagate at very low temperatures (4K - 77 K) in solids, due to a very unusual mechanism, involving a feedback between exothermal chemical reaction and disruption of the solid matrix. The reaction may then be induced by mechanical constraints, without any elevation of temperature. On the basis of a simple phenomenological model, we investigate "cold" ignition of a propagating front by initially disrupting a localized zone of the solid matrix. The main result of this work, confirmed exerimentally, is that reaction can be initiated by disrupting only a very small fraction of the sample.
BRAF mutation in circulating DNA of melanoma patients at baseline and intertumor heterogeneity. (2014)

9017 Background: Determination of the BRAF mutation status is a requirement for treatment selection of metastatic melanoma patients. However, the inter and intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity for BRAF status has been described supporting the need for testing multiple sites for the same patient. Circulating DNA is considered a promising non-invasive tool for cancer monitoring. The objective of our work was to determine the potential of plasma DNA to detect BRAF mutations, particularly in patients presenting discordant BRAF status from different tumor sites. Methods: Plasma DNA was extracted using the iPrep PureLink Virus Kit on an iPrep purification system (Invitrogen). BRAF mutations were detected using the Therascreen BRAF RGQ kit (Qiagen). Results: Ninety-nine patients were included, and plasma was collected at baseline. Nine stage III melanoma patients presenting a mutant BRAF (6 V600E, 2 V600K and 1 V600D) were tested and for 4 of them we detected the corresponding mutation (including the V600D and both V600K) in circulating DNA (sensitivity 44.4 %). Similarly, 20 stage IV patients were tested (17 V600E, 2 V600K and 1 V600R). The corresponding mutation (including the V600R and both V600K) was detected in 15 of these patients (sensitivity 75.0%). Interestingly, 4 stage IV patients included in our series presented discordant BRAF mutation status on different sites (1 patient with a WT primary tumor (PT) and a V600E lymph node (LN) metastasis; 1 patient with a V600E PT and WT LN metastasis; 2 patients with a V600E PT, V600E LN and WT liver metastasis). We were able to detect the expected BRAF mutation in circulating DNA for all these patients. Conclusions: The sensitivity of our procedure, based on approved kits, suggests a high interest for use in clinical practice, even for non-V600E mutations. Plasma DNA might be less sensitive to heterogeneity between tumor samples, and therefore might represent an interesting alternative source of DNA to detect BRAF mutations in clinical setting.
Clinical Examination is Superior to Plain Films to Diagnose Pelvic Fractures Compared to CT (2008)

We prospectively compared clinical examination (CE) with plain films (PXR) and both tools with CT in patients sustaining blunt trauma. There were 1388 patients who had both PXR and CT of whom 168 (12.1%) were diagnosed with a fracture by CT. CE findings most predictive of fracture included age (OR, 1.025; CI, 1.011-1.039), hip pain (OR, 4.971; CI, 2.508-9.854), internal rotation of the leg (OR, 4.880; CI, 1.980-12.027), or tenderness to palpation over the sacrum (OR, 2.297; CI, 1.144-4.612), over the right or left hip (OR, 3.626; CI, 1.823-7.214), or diffusely throughout the pelvis (OR, 16.445; CI, 4.277-63.237). These factors were still predictive of pelvic fractures even in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 13. There were 136 fractures identified by PXR all of which were identified by CE (sensitivity 100% [136 of 136], negative predictive value 100% [619 of 619]). There were six patients with negative clinical examinations and positive CTs (sensitivity 96.4% [162 of 168], negative predictive value 99.03% [613 of 619]), none of which were hemodynamically significant. The sensitivity for PXR compared with CT was 79.17 per cent (133 of 168) and the NPV was 97.2 per cent (1217 of 1252). CE is a reliable way to diagnose pelvic fractures and PXR is a poor screening tool for these injuries compared with CT. Because the majority of patients undergo CT after blunt trauma, routine screening radiographs should be eliminated.
Optimal degrees of freedom for the K user MIMO interference channel even with delayed CSIT (2014)

Certain practical limitations, such as finite CSI feedback delay, make the knowledge of instantaneous perfect CSI impossible and bring the term of delayed CSIT to the forefront. In this paper, it is described how both current and delayed CSI could be exploited by generalizing the space-time interference alignment transmission algorithm (STIA) to the K (K ≥ 3) user M × N interference channel. Specifically, the degrees of freedom (DoF) gain is characterized as a function of the CSI feedback delay γ and the system parameters (K, M, N). Surprisingly, the DoF become optimal, i.e., no loss is achieved with respect to the case of perfect current CSIT, as far as the normalized CSI feedback delay is less than a specific value dependent on the number of users, and the number of transmit antennas equals to N(K - 1). The proposed algorithm reveals unprecedented properties characterizing the performance of the system by providing the limits of the multiplexing gain with relation to the feedback time delay.
Small strain shear modulus and damping ratio of two unsaturated lateritic sandy clays (2020)

In this study, resonant column tests carried out to investigate the influence of suction on the shear modulus and damping ratio of two compacted lateritic sandy clays from Ghana (GL) and Nigeria (NL) are reported. Each type of soil was tested under two confining pressures and at three suctions. The microstructure of the soils was also studied through a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the effects of suction on maximum shear modulus (G 0 ) are about 10% larger for GL than NL, mainly due to the existence of smaller aggregates in GL. Moreover, an increase in suction from 0 to 300 kPa for both soils resulted in a lower elastic threshold shear strain, different from the behaviour of other soils reported in the literature. The uniqueness of lateritic soils is likely attributable to their high sesquioxide content and much larger aggregates, which shrink upon an increase in suction. Drying of specimens from 0 to 300 kPa resulted in an increase of about 22% and 100% in initial damping ratio (D 0 ) for GL and NL, respectively. The difference in D 0 for GL and NL is attributed to larger aggregation of NL because of its higher iron sesquioxide content, leading to more cladding.