gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A whole-genome RNAi screen identifies an 8q22 gene cluster that inhibits death receptor-mediated apoptosis (2011)

Deregulation of apoptosis is a common occurrence in cancer, for which emerging oncology therapeutic agents designed to engage this pathway are undergoing clinical trials. With the aim of uncovering strategies to activate apoptosis in cancer cells, we used a pooled shRNA screen to interrogate death receptor signaling. This screening approach identified 16 genes that modulate the sensitivity to ligand induced apoptosis, with several genes exhibiting frequent overexpression and/or copy number gain in cancer. Interestingly, two of the top hits, EDD1 and GRHL2, are found 50 kb apart on chromosome 8q22, a region that is frequently amplified in many cancers. By using a series of silencing and overexpression studies, we show that EDD1 and GRHL2 suppress death-receptor expression, and that EDD1 expression is elevated in breast, pancreas, and lung cancer cell lines resistant to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Supporting the relevance of EDD1 and GRHL2 as therapeutic candidates to engage apoptosis in cancer cells, silencing the expression of either gene sensitizes 8q22-amplified breast cancer cell lines to death receptor induced apoptosis. Our findings highlight a mechanism by which cancer cells may evade apoptosis, and therefore provide insight in the search for new targets and functional biomarkers for this pathway.
Unified assign and schedule: a new approach to scheduling for clustered register file microarchitectures (2002)

Recently, there has been a trend towards clustered microarchitectures to reduce the cycle time for wide issue microprocessors. In such processors, the register file and functional units are partitioned and grouped into clusters. Instruction scheduling for a clustered machine requires assignment and scheduling of operations to the clusters. In this paper, a new scheduling algorithm named unified-assign-and-schedule (UAS) is proposed for clustered, statically-scheduled architectures. UAS merges the cluster assignment and instruction scheduling phases in a natural and straightforward fashion. We compared the performance of UAS with various heuristics to the well-known Bottom-up Greedy (BUG) algorithm and to an optimal cluster scheduling algorithm, measuring the schedule lengths produced by all of the schedulers. Our results show that UAS gives better performance than the BUG algorithm and is quite close to optimal.
Conversion of Alcohols, Thiols, and Trimethysilyl Ethers to Alkyl Cyanides Using Triphenylphosphine/2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone/n-Bu4NCN (2004)

Triphenylphosphine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone afford an adduct, which in the presence of n-Bu(4)NCN converts alcohols, thiols, and trimethylsilyl ethers into their corresponding alkyl cyanides in good to excellent yields at room temperature. This method is highly selective for the conversion of 1 degrees alcohols in the presence of 2 degrees and 3 degrees ones, thiols and silyl ethers.
Molecular Basis of Rabies Virus Virulence. II. Identification of a Site on the CVS Glycoprotein Associated with Virulence (1983)

Nine anti-G monoclonal antibodies were used to select mutants of the CVS strain of rabies virus resistant to neutralization. Seven mutants were avirulent in adult mice and two others exhibited an attenuated pathogenicity. Both categories were resistant to monoclonal antibodies 194-2 and 248-8. Virulence appears to be associated with a particular configuration of a region of the glycoprotein which is located at the intersection of the epitopes recognized by these two monoclonal antibodies. Our results confirm the role played by the glycoprotein in the neurovirulence of rabies virus.
Voice quality measurement in a typical router-based network (2007)

In this paper, we introduce novel mechanisms for measuring and evaluating the performance of a network and its devices, configured especially for voice over IP (VoIP). We study the effects of different configurations on final voice quality by enabling or changing the related equipment features. In our study we quantify quality changes based on different router configurations and discuss precisely to what extent and how much this quality is improved versus features or special configurations of network devices. These results can be used for two purposes: compare and benchmark different routers in order to know which one is proper for a typical VoIP network, and select the best configurations. We demonstrate that the highest final quality of voice is achieved in packet remarking configurations with IP precedence and DSCP.
Advances in the management of fungal infections (2015)

The incidence of invasive fungal disease (IFD) has increased in recent years, largely due to the increasing population of patients with severe immunosuppression. Candida species are the leading cause of IFD worldwide and are one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections,1 particularly in intensive care unit patients and very low birth weight infants.2 Invasive candidiasis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased health care costs, and, as such, is a serious public health concern.3, 4 Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy is essential for the control of invasive candidiasis and three main classes of antifungal drugs are currently available: azoles (e.g. voriconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole), echinocandins (e.g. anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin) and polyenes (e.g. amphotericin B). However, the extensive use of some antifungal agents has led to an increased selection pressure and the development of antifungal drug resistance, which has important implications for the morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with IFD. Antifungal stewardship is an important component of drug delivery that underpins efforts to prevent the emergence of antifungal drug resistance. Antifungal stewardship programs consist of multidisciplinary interventions led by specialists in infectious disease, microbiology and pharmacy who liaise with the major prescribing departments to optimise antifungal therapies. Here, we report on antifungal drug resistance among Candida species, with a focus on resistance mechanisms and the epidemiology and clinical consequences of resistance. In addition, we review the available evidence for the use of antifungal stewardship programs and their health economic impact.
A High-intensity Nano-aperture Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser With Controlled Polarization (2006)

near-field optical data storage. Also, data transfer rates canbegreatly increased iftheVCSELsareapplied inparallel arrays[11. Previous workonnanoaperture VCSELsutilize conventional circular apertures whichsuffer fromlowpoweroutput through thenanoaperture whentheaperture size becomes muchsmaller thanonewavelength[23]. We propose toapply aunique C-shaped nano-aperture (C-aperture) ontoVCSELs.Fromsimulation, theC-aperture showsthree orders of magnitude higher powertransmission efficiency thanaconventional square orcircular aperture producing thesame near-field spotsize[41. We report herearecord-high near-field intensity of15.4mW/[tm2 achieved fromournanoaperture VCSELwitha70nmC-aperture. Ourtop-emitting VCSELsaredesigned tooperate around 970nmandconsist of9.5pairs ofp-type distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR),three strain-compensated InGaAs/GaAsP quantumwellsand38.5pairs ofn-DBRs.The reflectivity ofthetopmirror isenhanced witha150nmthick Aucoating. We insert ahalf-wavelength thick SiO2 filmbetween theAucoating andthetopDBR pairs toenhance thetransmission through thenano-aperture. We use wetoxidation ofAlGaAstoobtain a2.8pim-diameter oxide aperture forcurrent andmodeconfinement. Thenanoapertures areetched through theAucoating using aFocused IonBeam(FIB). Thetransmission oflight through theC-aperture ispolarization-dependent. Forthematched polarization, theCaperture produces awell-confined near-field spotwithhighintensity. However, fortheorthogonal mismatched polarization, theresulted near-field spotispoorly confined andtheintensity istwoorders ofmagnitude lower. Since VCSELsnormally havetwodegenerate orthogonal polarization states, weneedtocontrol thepolarization ofthe VCSELsinorder toapply theC-aperture ontheVCSELs.We openfour50*1500nm slits surrounding a70nmCaperture intheAu coating using FIBtocontrol thepolarization. Sincethetransmission oflight polarized perpendicular totheslit ismuchhigher thanthatoflight polarized parallel totheslit, thepolarization ofthe VCSELsiseffectively controlled tobeparallel totheslit duetolower loss inthis direction. Toidentify howmuchnetpowercomesoutoftheC-aperture, weblock thelight transmitted through theslits by depositing 150nmthick Pttofill theslits using electron-beam assisted chemical vapordeposition onaFIB/SEM dual-beam system. Pthasreflectivity of73%at1ptm, compared withreflectivity of95%forAu.Sothepolarization selectivity bytheslits ismaintained after theslits arefilled withPt.We measured thepolarization-resolved power
1200V RC-IGBT based on CSTBTTM with Suppressed Dynamic Cres and Partial Lifetime Control (2020)

In this paper, a newly developed low loss RC-IGBT is presented. In order to reduce the power loss of RC-IGBTs, we introduced two approaches. One is an optimization of dynamic feedback capacitance that induces a voltage tail and an increase of power losses. Another approach is a lifetime control technique for the RC-IGBT without adverse effect on the characteristics of the IGBT. The proposed 1200V RC-IGBT based on CSTBT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> realizes a 29% reduction in DC loss and a 4% reduction in AC loss by using suppressed dynamic C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">res</inf> , a Partial lifetime control, in addition to our thin wafer technique.
Output characteristics in the discontinuous reactor current mode of the zero-voltage switching DC-DC converter (2003)

It is often observed that the switching frequency in the zero-voltage switching DC-DC converter becomes extremely low when the load current increases and/or when the input voltage decreases. This lowering deteriorates the advantage of the high frequency in designing the energy-storage elements of the DC-DC converter. The output characteristics of the zero-voltage switching DC-DC converter operating in the discontinuous reactor current mode are analyzed. It is shown that there exists a useful discontinuous mode in which the variation of the switching frequency can be restricted within +or-5% when the output voltage can be regulated for the load change from no load to full load or for +or-15% change of the input voltage. The voltage stress of the switch can be sufficiently suppressed compared with that in the continuous reactor current mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Predicting Cosolvency. 2. Correlation with Solvent Physicochemical Properties (1998)

In the preceding paper (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, xxxx), linear regressions of the solubility ratio σ with the solute log Kow were examined for 15 water/cosolvent systems and the slopes of the regressions, M or M0.5, were reported. In this paper, the dependence of M and M0.5 on the molecular structures and physicochemical properties of cosolvents is investigated. The octanol−water partition coefficient, interfacial tension, and solubility parameter are superior to other properties in correlating with M and M0.5. Multiple linear regression results show that the combination of log Kow and hydrogen-bond-donor density of the cosolvent is the best. Estimation equations for M developed in this study, along with the N values given in the preceding paper, will enable one to estimate the log-linear solubilization of organic chemicals in the 15 binary cosolvent−water mixtures from the chemical structure of the cosolvent and a minimal number of easily available property data which include only the Kow's of both the solute and cosolvent as well as the solubility of the solute in water.
Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Heterobivalent Peptidic Agents for Bispecific EGFR and Integrin αvβ3 Targeting (2023)

Radiolabeled heterobivalent peptidic ligands (HBPLs) are a highly promising compound class for the sensitive and specific visualization of tumors as they often exhibit superior properties compared to their monospecific counterparts and are able to concomitantly or complementarily address different receptor types. The combination of two receptor-specific agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> in one HBPL would constitute a synergistic combination of binding motifs as these two receptor types are concurrently overexpressed on several human tumor types and are closely associated with disease progression and metastasis. Here, we designed and synthesized two heterobivalent radioligands consisting of the EGFR-specific peptide GE11 and α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-specific cyclic RGD peptides, bearing a (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid chelator for efficient radiolabeling and linkers of different lengths between both peptides. Both HBPLs were radiolabeled with <sup>68</sup>Ga<sup>3+</sup> in high radiochemical yields, purities of 96-99%, and molar activities of 36-88 GBq/μmol. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> and [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>2</b> were evaluated for their log <sub><i>D</i>(7.4)</sub> and stability toward degradation by human serum peptidases, showing a high hydrophilicity for both agents of -3.07 ± 0.01 and -3.44 ± 0.08 as well as a high stability toward peptidase degradation in human serum with half-lives of 272 and 237 min, respectively. Further on, the <i>in vitro</i> receptor binding profiles of both HBPLs to the target EGF and integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> receptors were assessed on EGFR-positive A431 and α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-positive U87MG cells. Finally, we investigated the <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics of HBPL [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> by positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in A431 tumor-bearing xenograft mice to assess its potential for the receptor-specific visualization of EGFR- and/or α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-expressing tumors. In these experiments, [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> demonstrated a tumor uptake of 2.79 ± 1.66% ID/g, being higher than in all other organs and tissues apart from kidneys and blood at 2 h p.i. Receptor blocking studies revealed the observed tumor uptake to be solely mediated by integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>, whereas no contribution of the GE11 peptide sequence to tumor uptake <i>via</i> the EGFR could be determined. Thus, the approach to develop radiolabeled EGFR- and integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-bispecific HBPLs is in general feasible although another peptide lead structure than GE11 should be used as the basis for the EGFR-specific part of the agents.
Learning to Rank Effective Paraphrases from Query Logs for Community Question Answering (2013)

We present a novel method for ranking query paraphrases for effective search in community question answering (cQA). The method uses query logs from Yahoo! Search and Yahoo! Answers for automatically extracting a corpus of paraphrases of queries and questions using the query-question click history. Elements of this corpus are automatically ranked according to recall and mean reciprocal rank, and then used for learning two independent learning to rank models (SVMRank), whereby a set of new query paraphrases can be scored according to recall and MRR. We perform several automatic evaluation procedures using cross-validation for analyzing the behavior of various aspects of our learned ranking functions, which show that our method is useful and effective for search in cQA.
Learning induces coordinated neuronal plasticity of metabolic demands and functional brain networks (2021)

ABSTRACT The neurobiological basis of learning is reflected in adaptations of brain structure, network organization and energy metabolism. However, it is still unknown how different neuroplastic mechanisms act together and if cognitive advancements relate to general or task-specific changes. To address these questions, we tested how hierarchical network interactions contribute to improvements in the performance of a visuo-spatial processing task by employing simultaneous PET/MR neuroimaging before and after a 4-week learning period. We combined functional PET with metabolic connectivity mapping (MCM) to infer directional interactions across brain regions and subsequently performed simulations to disentangle the role of functional network dynamics and glucose metabolism. As a result, learning altered the top-down regulation of the salience network onto the occipital cortex, with increases in MCM at resting-state and decreases during task execution. Accordingly, a higher divergence between resting-state and task-specific effects was associated with better cognitive performance, indicating that these adaptations are complementary and both required for successful skill learning. Simulations further showed that changes at resting-state were dependent on glucose metabolism, whereas those during task performance were driven by functional connectivity between salience and visual networks. Referring to previous work, we suggest that learning establishes a metabolically expensive skill engram at rest, whose retrieval serves for efficient task execution by minimizing prediction errors between neuronal representations of brain regions on different hierarchical levels.
Double storey three phase saturated cores fault current limiter (2014)

A novel saturated-cores Fault-Current-Limiter (FCL) configuration is described. This FCL is based on two parallel planes of iron rectangular cores, on which three-phase coils are mounted and connected in series to the grid. Two DC coils are mounted in between the planes on perpendicular core limbs connecting the two AC planes. The DC coils are set to magnetically saturate the AC cores. The transition to three-dimensional, double-storey design enables handling three-phase symmetrical faults while offering better decoupling between the AC and DC circuits. At the same time, it shortens the AC limb lengths and enables deeper magnetic saturation levels in comparison to other saturated cores FCL designs. Hence, this FCL configuration exhibits lower insertion impedance and higher ratio of fault to nominal state impedance in comparison with other designs.
simpleISM—A straight forward guide to upgrade from confocal to ISM (2022)

Resolution in a confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM) can be improved if the pinhole is closed. But closing the pinhole will deteriorate the signal to noise ratio (SNR). A simple technique to improve the SNR while keeping the resolution same by upgrading the system to an image scanning microscope. In this paper, we explain in detail, based on an Olympus Fluoview 300 system, how a scanning microscope can be upgraded into an image scanning microscope (ISM) using a simple camera-based detector and an Arduino Due providing a galvo driving and camera synchronization signals. We could confirm a resolution improvement as well as superconcentration and made the interesting observation of a reduced influence of laser fluctuations.
Gold Film Amperometric Sensors for NO and NO[sub 2] (2003)

A porous gold membrane working electrode was evaluated for amperometric sensing of NO or in air. The Au electrode was evaporated by E-beam onto a porous Teflon substrate and tested in two different geometries: a lab-built universal (U) and a housing (C) used in building sensors for commercial sale. The optimum bias for reduction was determined to be −150 mV vs. Pt/air quasi-reference electrode (Pt/air-QRE) and was +400 mV for NO oxidation. Sensor signals were independent of gas flow rate in both housings at flow rates over 30 cm3/min. NO sensitivity in the U and C housing was 180 and 43 nA/ppm, respectively, and the sensitivity was −100 and −38 nA/ppm, respectively. The U sensor had a limit of detection (LOD) for of 1.3 ppb (signal-to-noise ratio 3σ). The sensor housing design and operating conditions can be directly related to observed analytical performance characteristics. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The proportion of male and female editors in women’s health journals: A critical analysis and review of the sex gap, (2019)

Although the sex gap in leadership in medicine is improving, it is still present. Our findings suggest that women are underrepresented as editors at most levels in women's health journals centered on topics such as reproductive health, obstetrics and gynecology, perinatology, gynecological oncology, and breastfeeding. With sponsorship/mentorship for women, flexible scheduling, and considerate thought in leadership appointment, this sex gap will continue to improve.
A novel approach for security in Cloud Computing using Hidden Markov Model and clustering (2011)

In today's fastest growing IT industry Cloud Computing is gaining much more popularity because the Cloud providers feel that it is very easy to manage the data in the cloud environment rather than normal web-sites in form of simple web pages. Every day the data seeking is being done by many users immensely. Here due to immense number of users seeking the data on daily basis there is a serious security concerns to the cloud providers as well as the data providers who put their data on the cloud computing environment. This paper provides solution of the security issues of cloud computing with the help of Hidden Markov Model based Clustering using data mining Techniques which can be very fruitful technique to detect any kind of intrusion detection in the network.
Impact ionization probabilities as functions of two-dimensional space and time (2001)

The impact ionization probability functions, P(x), are effectively histograms of the positions carriers ionize along the field direction, x, which determine the avalanche multiplication properties of a semiconductor device. In this work, we use a Monte Carlo model to investigate the form of these as multidimensional functions; in not just x, but also of the elapsed time, t, and the distance traveled perpendicular to the electric field direction, y. Despite most previous temporal calculations of the avalanche process assuming that all carriers travel at the drift velocity, vd, it is shown that electrons which ionize at the shortest distances travel several times faster than vd. There is also a significant spread in possible velocities with which ionizing carriers travel along the x direction due to diffusion. Diffusive spreading of the ionization probability in both x and y is also described.