gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-Mixing Combustion for Highly Recuperated Gas Turbines: Effects of Inlet Temperature and Fuel Composition on Combustion Stability and NOx Emissions (2022)

Abstract The micromix combustion concept offers an elegant compromise between premixed and nonpremixed combustion. By mixing the fuel and air at the smallest scale possible, one can achieve NOx emissions comparable to premixed combustion while removing the risks of auto-ignition and flashback. Current literature reports multiple micromix designs that achieve low NOx emissions (&amp;lt;10 ppm) with hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels at combustor inlet temperatures (CIT) representative of low to medium pressure ratio gas turbines (&amp;lt;650 K). This paper seeks to bridge the gap between current literature and the design requirements of highly recuperated ceramic gas turbines, which should allow low NOx operation with various fuels at combustor inlet temperatures upwards of 900 K. To this end, micromix injection nozzles were designed and tested at small scale to investigate the effects of fuel composition and inlet temperature on combustion stability and NOx emissions. The nozzles were additively manufactured in Inconel 625 having hundreds of holes as small as 0.25 mm. An axial swirler is used to induce recirculation of the products behind the nozzle, which helps stabilize combustion with hydrocarbon fuels due to their longer reaction times and slower flame speeds. Experimental results show that NOx emissions can be decreased down to premixed levels if the jet Damköhler number is kept under a critical value, which requires increasingly smaller holes or higher jet velocities as the inlet temperature increases. Combustion instabilities are observed at low inlet temperatures with hydrocarbons, which are also correlated to the jet Damköhler number.
Computer Modelling and Testing of Metal Flow in Gating Systems (1981)

A computer model based on a finite element analysis of the Saint Venant equations has been developed for the initial free-surface flow of metal through a gating system. Flow patterns predicted by the model have been compared with the actual flow of various metals in sand moulds, observed using an X-ray fluorescence technique, and with the flow of water in clear plastic systems. The model has been refined to a point where good correlation between observed and computed flow patterns is obtained. Résumé Un modèle fait sur ordinateur et fondé sur une analyse par éléments finis des équations de Saint Venant a été développé pour l'écoulement initial à surface libredu métal à travers un systèmede répartition. Les types d'écoulement prédits par le modèle ont été comparés avec l'écoulement réel de divers métaux dans des moules de sable, observé en utilisant une technique de fluorescence X, et avec l'écoulement de l'eau dans des systèmes en plastiques transparents. Le modèle a été perfectionné pour obtenir une bonne corrélation entre les structures d'écoulement observées et calculées.
Evaluation of Methods for Flowering Advancement of Herbaceous Peonies (2002)

Experiments to advance early production of herbaceous peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flowers were conducted over 8 years in the higher elevation, cooler regions of Israel. Anatomical studies during the summer revealed that flower bud initiation of apical buds in the crowns began at the end of July and continued also in lateral buds from mid-August until the plants became dormant in mid-November. Container-grown plants of various cultivars were moved to cold rooms maintained for 10 to 13 weeks at 2 °C, from mid-August to mid-October, then drenched with 250 mL of various concentrations of GA 3 and transferred to a greenhouse. The optimal GA 3 concentration for flower production was 100 mg·L -1 . Plants treated in this way flowered 2-3 months before the natural flowering period. Field-grown plants in uncovered greenhouse structures were exposed to natural winter cold temperatures (0-10 °C), until they had received various chill units according to a “dynamic model” (for details see Erez et al., 1988). The crowns were then drenched with various amounts and concentrations of GA 3 , and the greenhouses were covered with plastic sheets. The optimal chill units for most cultivars was 40 and the optimal GA 3 drench treatment was 250 mL of 100 mg·L -1 . Covered and GA 3 -treated field-grown plants flowered ≈1 month earlier than untreated plants grown in the open field. The GA 3 treatment also greatly increased the number of produced flowers.
Detection of the Secreted and Cytoplasmic Fractions of IpaB, IpaC and IpaD by Lysozyme Permeabilization (2014)

Gram negative bacterial pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri, which possess a Type Three Secretion System (T3SS), are able to transfer bacterial proteins, dubbed translocators and effectors, from their cytoplasm into the cytoplasm of their host cells using a syringe like needle complex. For Shigella, it has been shown that during cellular invasion, the intrabacterial pool of translocators and effectors is completely depleted upon activation of the TTS Apparatus and is then progressively replenished while bacteria remain inside host cells. Replenishment of effectors allows for cell-to-cell spreading events, which also necessitate reactivation of the T3SA, and lead to another round of depletion of intrabacterial effector stores. To understand the state of individual intracellular bacteria during infection, it is therefore of interest to be able to locate and evaluate the relative quantity of the intrabacterial and secreted pool of translocators and effectors. We recently adapted a method based on EDTA and lysozyme to permeabilize the cell wall of bacteria present within host cells in order to label the intrabacterial pool of the tip protein IpaD and the translocators IpaB and IpaC. Herein, we describe in detail the protocol to perform the successive labeling of the intrabacterial and secreted pools. This method is theoretically extendable to virulence factors secreted by other secretion systems and other bacterial pathogens.
Controlling the Size of Two-Dimensional Polymer Platelets for Water-in-Water Emulsifiers (2017)

A wide range of biorelevant applications, particularly in pharmaceutical formulations and the food and cosmetic industries, require the stabilization of two water-soluble blended components which would otherwise form incompatible biphasic mixtures. Such water-in-water emulsions can be achieved using Pickering stabilization, where two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are particularly effective due to their high surface area. However, control over the shape and size of the 2D nanomaterials is challenging, where it has not yet been possible to examine chemically identical nanostructures with the same thickness but different surface areas to probe the size-effect on emulsion stabilization ability. Hence, the rationale design and realization of the full potential of Pickering water-in-water emulsion stabilization have not yet been achieved. Herein, we report for the first time 2D poly(lactide) platelets with tunable sizes (with varying coronal chemistry) and of uniform shape using a crystallization-driven self-assembly methodology. We have used this series of nanostructures to explore the effect of 2D platelet size and chemistry on the stabilization of a water-in-water emulsion of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/dextran mixture. We have demonstrated that cationic, zwitterionic, and neutral large platelets (ca. 3.7 × 10<sup>6</sup> nm<sup>2</sup>) all attain smaller droplet sizes and more stable emulsions than their respective smaller platelets (ca. 1.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> nm<sup>2</sup>). This series of 2D platelets of controlled dimensions provides an excellent exemplar system for the investigation of the effect of just the surface area on the potential effectiveness in a particular application.
Copolymerization of Olefins in a Series of Continuous Stirred-Tank Slurry-Reactors Using Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Catalysts. I. General Dynamic Mathematical Model (1996)

A dynamic mathematical model for the copolymerization of olefins with Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts in a series of continuous stirred-tank slurry-reactors was developed. The model accounts for the presence of multiple active site types and can be used to predict reactor productivity, molecular weight and copolymer composition averages.
Dynamic polarization of single nuclear spins in a room temperature diamond (2008)

We report a versatile method to efficiently polarize single nuclear spins in diamond, which is based on optical pumping of a single NV color center and mediated by a level-anti crossing in its excited state. A nuclear spin polarization higher than 98% is achieved at room temperature for the 15N nuclear spin associated to the NV center, corresponding to $\mu$K effective nuclear spin temperature. We then show simultaneous deterministic initialization of two nuclear spins (13C and 15N) in close vicinity to a NV defect. Such robust control of nuclear spin states is a key ingredient for further scaling up nuclear-spin based quantum registers in diamond.
Expression of CD10 in Basal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

We investigated the expression of CD10 by an immunohistochemical method in 51 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), eight pilomatricomas, five trichoblastomas, two trichofolliculomas, three sebaceomas, five sebaceous carcinomas, ten syringomas, two spiradenomas, ten poromas, four porocarcinomas, one eccrine duct carcinoma (not otherwise specified, NOS), six mixed tumors of apocrine origin, and nine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We detected strong expression of CD10 in tumor cells of BCC (86%), and found that the smaller the number of positive tumor cells, the larger the number of positive stromal cells, in particular in sclerosing BCCs. Spearman's rank correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation in BCCs between the expression of CD10 in tumor cells and that in stromal cells (P = 0.001). In all pilomatricomas (100%) and in four trichoblastomas (80%), strong expression was also detected in tumor cells. There was no detectable expression in trichofolliculomas. One sebaceoma (33%) and two sebaceous carcinomas (40%) expressed CD10 in a similar fashion to BCCs. All tumors of eccrine gland origin, including syringoma, spiradenoma, poroma, porocarcinoma, and eccrine duct carcinoma (NOS), did not express CD10. Five mixed tumors (83%) were immunopositive. In SCC, CD10 was overexpressed only in the stromal cells. These findings support the hypothesis that BCC is derived from the folliculo-sebaceous apocrine unit, especially having the same origin as trichoblastoma and pilomatricoma. CD10 might be an indicator of tumor invasiveness if it is expressed in stromal cells, while it might be a marker of follicular differentiation if it is expressed in the actual tumor cells of cutaneous epithelial neoplasms.
3-(1-Indolinyl)benzylamines: a new class of analgesic agents (1985)

An extensive series of 3-(1-indolinyl)benzylamines and related compounds was synthesized and tested for analgesic activity. After a detailed study of structure-activity relationships, 3-(1-indolinyl)benzylamine (2b) was selected for further investigation as the most interesting member of this novel class of compounds. It was active in both the phenylquinone writhing and tail-flick assays for analgesic activity. No motor deficits were observed in the rotorod test, and 2b was found to be free of any other effects on the central nervous system. The compound did not bind to opiate receptors, since it was inactive in inhibiting the stereospecific binding of [3H]naloxone in rat brain homogenates. Thus, 3-(1-indolinyl)benzylamine represents a novel analgesic with an unusual chemical structure and biological profile.
Air trench waveguide bend for high-density optical integration (2004)

Air trench structure for reduced-size bends in low (&Delta;n=0.01-0.1) and medium (&Delta;n=0.1-0.3) index contrast waveguides is proposed. Local high index contrast at bends is achieved by introducing air trenches. An air trench bend consists of cladding tapers to avoid junction loss, providing adiabatic mode shaping between low and high index contrast regions. Drastic reduction in effective bend radius is achieved. We present FDTD simulations of bends in representative silica index contrasts, fabrication scheme and waveguide loss measurement results using Fabry-Perot loss measurement technique. We employed CMOS compatible processes to realize air trench bends and T-splitters to achieve low production cost and high yield. A simple, compact waveguide and T-splitter are fabricated and evaluated. The loss measurement results show that losses are consistent with theoretical simulations. By using air trench waveguides, other applications such as BioMEMS (e.g. Evanescent-field sensor) or EDWA can be realized.
Design of an Anti-Lock Regenerative Braking System for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2011)

In this paper, an adaptive rule based controller for an anti-lock regenerative braking system (ARBS) of a series hybrid electric bus (SHEB) has been proposed. The proposed controller integrates the regenerative braking and wheel antilock functions by controlling the electric motor of the hybrid vehicle, without using any conventional mechanical antilock braking system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by a comprehensive vehicle dynamics model in MATLAB/Simulink. Using the designed ARBS, the braking and regenerative performances of SHEB have significantly improved in slippery roads while the slip ratios are kept between 0.15 and 0.20.
Integration experiments and performance studies of a COTS parallel archive system (2024)

Current and future Archive Storage Systems have been asked to (a) scale to very high bandwidths, (b) scale in metadata performance, (c) support policy-based hierarchical storage management capability, (d) scale in supporting changing needs of very large data sets, (e) support standard interface, and (f) utilize commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. Parallel file systems have been asked to do the same thing but at one or more orders of magnitude faster in performance. Archive systems continue to move closer to file systems in their design due to the need for speed and bandwidth, especially metadata searching speeds such as more caching and less robust semantics. Currently the number of extreme highly scalable parallel archive solutions is very small especially those that will move a single large striped parallel disk file onto many tapes in parallel. We believe that a hybrid storage approach of using COTS components and innovative software technology can bring new capabilities into a production environment for the HPC community much faster than the approach of creating and maintaining a complete end-to-end unique parallel archive software solution. In this paper, we relay our experience of integrating a global parallel file system and a standard backup/archive product with a very small amount of additional code to provide a scalable, parallel archive. Our solution has a high degree of overlap with current parallel archive products including (a) doing parallel movement to/from tape for a single large parallel file, (b) hierarchical storage management, (c) ILM features, (d) high volume (non-single parallel file) archives for backup/archive/content management, and (e) leveraging all free file movement tools in Linux such as copy, move, Is, tar, etc. We have successfully applied our working COTS Parallel Archive System to the current world's first petafiop/s computing system, LANL's Roadrunner machine, and demonstrated its capability to address requirements of future archival storage systems.
High thermal conductivity lossy dielectric using a multi layer configuration (2023)

Systems and methods are described for loss dielectrics. A loss dielectric includes at least one high dielectric loss layer and at least one high thermal conductivity-electrically insulating layer adjacent the at least one high dielectric loss layer. A method of manufacturing a loss dielectric includes providing at least one high dielectric loss layer and providing at least one high thermal conductivity-electrically insulating layer adjacent the at least one high dielectric loss layer. The systems and methods provide advantages because the loss dielectrics are less costly and more environmentally friendly than the available alternatives.
Impact of white spotting alleles, including W20 , on phenotype in the American Paint Horse (2019)

Summary The American Paint Horse Association (APHA) records pedigree and performance information for their breed, a stock-type horse valued as a working farm or ranch horse and as pleasure horses. As the name implies, the breed is also valued for attractive white spotting patterns on the coat. The APHA utilizes visual inspections of photographs to determine if coat spotting exceeds threshold anatomical landmarks considered characteristic of desirable patterns. Horses with sufficient white patterning enter the “Regular” registry, rather than the “Solid Paint-bred” division, providing a threshold modeled phenotype. Genetic studies previously defined sequence variants corresponding to 35 alleles for white spotting in the horse. Here, we calculate the allele frequency for nine common white spotting alleles in the American Paint horse using a sample of 1,054 registered animals. The APHA spotting phenotype is altered by additive interactions among spotting loci, and epistatically by the MC1R and ASIP genes controlling pigment production. The W20 allele within the KIT gene, independent of other known spotting alleles, was strongly associated with the APHA-defined white spotting phenotype (p = 1.86 x10 −18 ), refuting reports that W20 acts only as a modifier of other underlying white spotting patterns. The parentage of an individual horse, either American Paint or American Quarter Horse, did not alter the likelihood of entering the APHA Regular registry. An empirical definition of the action of these genetic loci on the APHA-defined white spotting phenotype will allow more accurate application of genome-assisted selection for improving color production and marketability of APHA horses.
Mobilization of CD11b+/Ly6chi monocytes causes multi organ dysfunction syndrome in acute pancreatitis (2022)

In AP, the physical properties of mobilized monocytes, especially their large size, result in an obstruction of the fine capillary systems of the lung and of the kidney glomeruli. A selective depletion of monocytes may represent a treatment strategy for pancreatitis as well as for other inflammation-related disorders.
Busia Fuzzy Soil Class Map (2019)

&lt;p&gt;Soil landscape inference model (SoLIM) maps soil type, not soil mapping units, under the assumption that soil properties are fairly homogeneous over a small spatial extent. Thus, typically it takes a raster-based approach which means that it divides the area to be mapped into small pixels and determines the soil type for each pixel.&amp;nbsp;Soil at each pixel is expressed in terms of its similarity to a set of prescribed soil types often referred to as &amp;lsquo;fuzzy soil mapping&amp;rsquo;. To avoid assigning a single soil type to a given location, similarity values (fuzzy membership values) are assigned to each soil type expressing the similarity of the local soil to each of the prescribed soil types. One must therefore know the types of soil existing in the area to be mapped. Soil types at a given location are predicted using the similarity values by assessing the environmental conditions at the location according to knowledge on how these conditions are related to the development of each soil type. Similarity values are generated by calculation the zonal statistics for each cluster in SAGA-GIS to obtain the range of values for each environmental covariate. The two key inputs to SoLIM are: data on the selected environmental covariates related to soil conditions in the area, and knowledge that describes the relationships between soils and the environmental variables.&lt;/p&gt;
Probing the temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale with band excitation thermal scanning probe microscopy (2009)

Understanding local mechanisms for temperature-induced phase transitions in polymers requires quantitative measurements of the thermomechanical behavior, including glass transition and melting temperatures as well as temperature dependent elastic and loss modulus and thermal expansion coefficients in nanoscale volumes. Here, we demonstrate an approach for probing local thermal phase transitions based on the combination of thermal field confinement by a heated SPM probe and multi-frequency thermomechanical detection. The local measurement of the glass transition temperature is demonstrated and the detection limits are established.
Studies of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (2005)

The use of Portland cement in concrete construction is under critical review due to high amount of carbon dioxide gas released to the atmosphere during the production of cement. In recent years, attempts to increase the utilization of fly ash to partially replace the use of Portland cement in concrete are gathering momentum. Most of this by-product material is currently dumped in landfills, creating a threat to the environment. Geopolymer concrete is a ‘new’ material that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. Instead, the source of materials such as fly ash, that are rich in Silicon (Si) and Aluminium (Al), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence concrete with no Portland cement. This thesis reports the details of development of the process of making fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Due to the lack of knowledge and know-how of making of fly ashbased geopolymer concrete in the published literature, this study adopted a rigorous trial and error process to develop the technology of making, and to identify the salient parameters affecting the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. As far as possible, the technology that is currently in use to manufacture and testing of ordinary Portland cement concrete were used. Fly ash was chosen as the basic material to be activated by the geopolimerization process to be the concrete binder, to totally replace the use of Portland cement. The binder is the only difference to the ordinary Portland cement concrete. To activate the Silicon and Aluminium content in fly ash, a combination of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution was used. Manufacturing process comprising material preparation, mixing, placing, compaction and curing is reported in the thesis.Napthalene-based superplasticiser was found to be ii useful to improve the workability of fresh fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, as well as the addition of extra water. The main parameters affecting the compressive strength of hardened fly ash-based geopolymer concrete are the curing temperature and curing time, the molar H2O-to-Na2O ratio, and mixing time. Fresh fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has been able to remain workable up to at least 120 minutes without any sign of setting and without any degradation in the compressive strength. Providing a rest period for fresh concrete after casting before the start of curing up to five days increased the compressive strength of hardened concrete. The elastic properties of hardened fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, i,e. the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio, and the indirect tensile strength, are similar to those of ordinary Portland cement concrete. The stress-strain relations of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete fit well with the expression developed for ordinary Portland cement concrete.