gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive Levels of CD24 in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes for the Early Detection of Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas (2015)

CD24 is expressed in 90% of colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be mostly prevented but average risk population screening by stool testing or colonoscopy faces many hurdles. Blood testing is clinically needed. We aimed to evaluate the utility of CD24 expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Two independent case studies were conducted in eligible individuals undergoing colonoscopy. Protein extracted from PBLs was subjected to immunoblotting using anti-CD24 monoclonal antibodies. CD24 sensitivity and specificity were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Initially, 150 subjects were examined: 63 had CRC, 19 had adenomas, and 68 had normal colonoscopies. The sensitivity and specificity of CD24 for distinguishing CRC from normal subjects were 70.5% (95% CI, 54.8-83.2%) and 83.8% (95% CI, 74.6-92.7%) and for adenomas 84.2% (95% CI, 60.4-96.4%) and 73.5% (95% CI, 61.4-83.5%), respectively. In the second trial (n = 149), a similar specificity but higher sensitivity was achieved: 80.0% (95% CI, 63.1-91.6%) for CRC and 89.2% (95% CI, 74.6-97%) for adenomas. A simple noninvasive blood test evaluating CD24 levels has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting colorectal adenomas and cancer in patients undergoing colonoscopy at an urban medical center. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to establish the potential of this promising test.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Organic Monolayers on Si(100) via Si−N Linkages (1999)

Soft thin films, i.e., organic monolayers, are assembled on Si(100) from the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of amine molecules (R−NH2) on the monochloride-covered surface. The N anchor is believed to be bridged between two surface Si atoms while the hydrocarbon group remains intact. Thermal stability of the resulting organic monolayer depends on molecular structure. In the phenyl assembly, which forms close packing on the Si(100) surface, the molecular monolayer is thermally stable; desorption and dissociation only occur at temperatures above 750 K. Alkyl assemblies are less stable; thermal desorption of hydrocarbons occurs below 700 K. The method demonstrated here is sufficiently general and can be extended to other CVD reactions for the covalent assembly on silicon surfaces in either vacuum environment or solution phases.
Genetics of Racing Performance in the American Quarter Horse: I. Description of the Data (1988)

More than 1 million racing records of American Quarter Horses were used to provide a description of Quarter Horse racing data. The data presented five racing distances (201, 320, 366, 402 and 796 m). Finish time was used to measure racing performance. Means and variances for finish time increased with length of the race, but the distributions were similar for the five distances. Each distribution was skewed to the right and more peaked than a normal distribution. Repeated records were an important source of information and their use should improve the accuracy of genetic evaluations when comparing horses and sires across races and tracks. There was a tendency for more older horses and geldings to be found in the longer races. Two-year-old horses raced almost exclusively against other 2-yr-olds, and most 3-yr-olds raced with horses their own age. An interaction was detected between sex and age that was interpreted to be the result of differential selection rates among the sexes. Further study of age and sex effects is needed to develop factors for adjusting Quarter Horse racing data for use in genetic evaluation.
Interventionelle Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie (2013)

Die arterielle Hypertonie ist mit eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und ein großer Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Der therapieresistente Hypertonus ist definiert durch einen systolischen Praxisblutdruck ≥ 160 mmHg bzw. ≥ 150 mmHg bei Patienten mit Diabetes Typ 2, unter 3-fach antihypertensiver Therapie inklusive einem Diuretikum. Eine optimale antihypertensive Therapie ist bei jedem Patienten mit resistenter Hypertonie obligat. Vor der Behandlung gilt es, eine sekundäre Hypertonieform sowie eine Pseudoresistenz auszuschließen. Die neuen interventionellen Methoden zur Behandlung der therapieresistenten Hypertonie zeigen bisher erfolgreiche Kurzeitdaten. Die Langzeitdaten stehen noch aus. Aktuell gibt es zahlreiche neue Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich. Welche sich davon etablieren und behaupten können, wird die Zukunft zeigen.
Direct transfer of learned information among neural networks (1991)

A touted advantage of symbolic representations is the ease of transferring learned information from one intelligent agent to another. This paper investigates an analogous problem: how to use information from one neural network to help a second network learn a related task. Rather than translate such information into symbolic form (in which it may not be readily expressible), we investigate the direct transfer of information encoded as weights. Here, we focus on how transfer can be used to address the important problem of improving neural network learning speed. First we present an exploratory study of the somewhat surprising effects of pre-setting network weights on subsequent learning. Guided by hypotheses from this study, we sped up back-propagation learning for two speech recognition tasks. By transferring weights from smaller networks trained on subtasks, we achieved speedups of up to an order of magnitude compared with training starting with random weights, ...
Drug-Cytokine Interactions (2005)

The term drug-cytokine interaction was proposed to describe the interactions between the mediators of the acute-phase response (APR) and drug metabolism (1). This potential for drug-cytokine interactions has been appreciated in the laboratory since at least 1966 (2) and in clinical practice since the late 1970s (3,4). The APR (5) to infection or injury, with its complex cascade of cytokines, endocrine hormones, free oxygen radicals, arachidonic acid metabolites, catecholamines, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, can have multiple effects on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many drugs. Disturbances in drug disposition and action can be caused by many physiological changes, including alterations in protein binding, expansion of extracellular fluid volume, end-organ dysfunction (liver and kidney), changes in organ perfusion, hemodynamic compromise, hypoxia, and alterations in receptor availability or responsiveness (6). A report put a novel twist on the drug-cytokine interaction definition. Brooks et al. (7) reported that the β-lactam antibiotic benzylpenicillin conjugated with interferon-γ and reduced the cytokine’s immune responses.
Aedes albopictus and other Aedes (Stegomyia) species in Fiji. (1995)

During an assessment of the dengue situation in Fiji in early 1992, a house-to-house survey of container-breeding Aedes was made. Discarded tires and water drums were identified as key breeding sites for the 4 potential dengue vectors: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes pseudoscutellaris, and Aedes polynesiensis. Aedes albopictus were detected on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and on Taveuni. Examination of early records and of used tire importation suggests entry into Fiji after July 1985 but well before July 1988 when the species was first detected. It is also possible the Ae. albopictus was introduced via aircraft from Hawaii. In Suva, the 4 Stegomyia species coexist, but in Lautoka, it appears that Ae. albopictus may be displacing Ae. pseudoscutellaris.
Usos medicinales del cannabis: ¿qué sabemos de sus propiedades curativas? (2019)

?Que sabemos sobre las propiedades “curativas” del cannabis? Lo primero que necesitamos conocer para contestar a esta pregunta es que la inmensa mayoria de los farmacos no “cura”. Y entre dichos farmacos se incluyen los mas vendidos actualmente en Espana: analgesicos, antiinflamatorios, anticoagulantes, broncodilatadores, anti-hipotiroideos y ansioliticos. Lo que de verdad tiene capacidad de curar son las vacunas, los antibioticos y la cirugia. ?Por que los tomamos entonces? La respuesta es multiple: pueden detener o enlentecer la progresion de la enfermedad, ayudarnos a aliviar alguno de sus sintomas, potenciar los efectos beneficiosos o atemperar los perjudiciales asociados a otros tratamientos. El extraordinario desarrollo de internet y las redes sociales ha vertido una serie de afirmaciones, no siempre verdaderas, sobre el efecto terapeutico que pueden ejercer los preparados procedentes de Cannabis sativa en el tratamiento de multiples enfermedades. 
Por tanto, es necesario que la sociedad disponga de la informacion adecuada, sobre todo aquellas personas que ponen su esperanza en “soluciones milagrosas” ante el fracaso de los tratamientos a los que estan siendo sometidos. Debemos mostrar en que casos los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio y en la clinica estan siendo positivos, asi como en que otros todavia no se ha conseguido y cuales pueden ser los efectos secundarios de un tratamiento no controlado por profesionales de la salud.
Pu Electronic Structure and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2011)

The electronic structure of PuCoGa{sub 5}, Pu metal, and PuO{sub 2} is explored using photoelectron spectroscopy. Ground state electronic properties are inferred from temperature dependent photoemission near the Fermi energy for Pu metal. Angle-resolved photoemission details the energy vs. crystaJ momentum landscape near the Fermi energy for PuCoGa{sub 5} which shows significant dispersion in the quasiparticle peak near the Fermi energy. For the Mott insulators AnO{sub 2}(An = U, Pu) the photoemission results are compared against hybrid functional calculations and the model prediction of a cross over from ionic to covalent bonding is found to be reasonable.
Aging Effects on Template Attacks Launched on Dual-Rail Protected Chips (2021)

Profiling side-channel attacks in which an adversary creates a “profile” of a sensitive device and uses such a profile to model a target device with similar implementation has received the lion’s share of attention in the recent years. In particular, template attacks are known to be the most powerful profiling side-channel attacks from an information theoretic point of view. When launching such an attack, the adversary first builds a model based on the leakage of the profiling (training) device in his disposal, which is then exploited in the second phase of the attack (i.e., matching) to extract the key from the target device. Discrepancies between the device used for modeling and the target device affect the attack success. The effect of process variation and temperature misalignment between the profiling and target devices in the template attack’s success has been studied extensively in the literature, while the impact of device aging on the template attack’s success is yet to be investigated thoroughly. This article moves one step forward and studies the impact of device aging, mainly bias temperature instability (BTI) and hot carrier injection (HCI), in the devices that have been protected against power analysis attacks via dual rail logics. In particular, we focus on the wave dynamic differential logic (WDDL) circuits, and via extensive transistor-level simulations, we will show how device aging misalignments between the profiling and target devices can hinder template attacks for both unprotected and WDDL protected counterparts. We mounted several attacks on the PRESENT cipher, with and without WDDL protection, at different temperatures and aging times. Our results show that the attack is more difficult if there is an aging-duration mismatch between the training and target devices, and the attack-efficiency decrease is especially significant for mismatches of few weeks.
Production of anti-neurotoxin antibody is enhanced by two subcomponents, HA1 and HA3b, of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin–haemagglutinin (2005)

Clostridium botulinum type B strain produces two forms of progenitor toxin, 16S and 12S. The 12S toxin is formed by association of a neurotoxin (NTX) and a non-toxic non-haemagglutinin (NTNH), and the 16S toxin is formed by conjugation of the 12S toxin with a haemagglutinin (HA). HA consists of four subcomponents designated HA1, HA2, HA3a and HA3b. When mice were immunized with formalin-detoxified NTX, 12S or 16S, a significantly greater amount of anti-NTX antibody (Ab) was produced in the mice injected with 16S than in NTX- or 12S-injected mice. Immunization with NTX mixed with HA1 and/or HA3b also increased the anti-NTX Ab production, whereas NTX mixed with HA2 did not, indicating that HA1 and HA3b have adjuvant activity. This was further confirmed by immunizing mice with human albumin (Alb) alone or Alb mixed with either HA1 or HA3b. When mouse-spleen cells were stimulated with NTX, 16S or different HA subcomponents, 16S, HA1, HA3b and the mixture of HA1 and HA3 significantly increased interleukin 6 (IL6) production compared with NTX alone. Transcription of IL6 mRNA was low after stimulation with NTX alone, but increased to 16S-stimulation levels when NTX was mixed with HA1 or HA3b. In flow cytometry using labelled Abs against CD3 and CD19, the percentage of CD19 cells was higher following stimulation with 16S or NTX mixed with HA1 or HA3b compared with stimulation with NTX. The percentage of CD3 cells remained unchanged. These results suggest strongly that HA1 and HA3b demonstrate adjuvant activity via increasing IL6 production.
P1‐166: A prospective validation study of the predictnd tool: A diagnostic decision support tool—rationale and design of the study (2015)

Diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia diseases can be challenging, especially when the diagnosis is based on a multitude of clinical data. The PredictND tool is a clinical diagnostic decision support system aiming to combine and analyze patient data, such as imaging data, cognitive data and biomarkers, in order to provide a comprehensive view of the individual patients' biomarker profile for earlier and more accurate diagnoses, as well as for monitoring disease progression. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the PredictND tool with regard to underlying disorder in a mixed memory clinic population. The PredictND study is a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted at the University of Eastern Finland, Rigshospitalet - Denmark, VU University Medical Centre - The Netherlands and the University of Perugia – Italy. A total of 800 subjects suspected of having a neurodegenerative dementia disease in early stage will be recruited from a mixed memory clinic population. Subjects will undergo a mandatory evaluation consisting of clinical examination (including functional level and neuropsychiatric symptoms), neuropsychological assessment, and MRI, which may be supplemented by other investigations when necessary. All data will be entered into the PredictND tool for analysis and display, e.g. the PredictND tool will extract imaging biomarkers and visualize data in segmented and analyzed form. For each subject a diagnosis, prediction of disease course and confidence level in diagnosis and predicted disease course will be defined by clinicians with and without the PredictND tool. Follow-up diagnosis after 18 months will be used as “gold standard diagnosis”. Primary outcome is change in diagnostic accuracy at baseline with vs. without the PredictND tool in reference to the 18-month follow-up diagnosis. Secondary outcomes are change in accuracy of the disease course prediction and confidence level of baseline diagnosis and disease course prediction with vs. without the PredictND tool. By analyzing and displaying clinical data including imaging biomarkers in a clear and concise manner it is expected that the PredictND tool will be able to improve the confidence and accuracy of the differential diagnostic of neurodegenerative diseases.
Abstract 093: Can Hypertension Control be Improved Within a Short Time Frame? - Results From Implementing the Measure Accurately, Act Rapidly and Partner With Patients (MAP) Program (2017)

Objective: Evaluate a multifaceted quality improvement program with evidenced-based interventions for Measuring blood pressure (BP, mm Hg) accurately, Acting rapidly to manage uncontrolled BP, and Partnering with patients to promote BP self-management (MAP) in primary care. Methods: Study design : Quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention, design. BP control and BPs of uncontrolled patients were compared at baseline, February 2015[A1] to May 2016, at the last visit of the next 6 months.. Measure accurately included training staff in BP measurement. If attended BP was ≥140/90, unattended, automated office (AO) BP was obtained. Act rapidly included intensification of BP meds when unattended AOBP was ≥140/90 assessed by percent of visits with uncontrolled BP and no treatment change (therapeutic inertia). Partner with patients including BP self-monitoring and using low-priced generic BP meds assessed indirectly by the fall in systolic BP (SBP) per therapeutic intensification. Population Studied: Hypertensive patients (21,035) from 16 practices who had a visit during the baseline period and either no visit (4,691) or at least one visit (16,344) during the program. Results: BP control rose from 65.6% (13,790 of 21,035) to 74.8% (12,234 of 16,344) (p&lt;.001); 12 of 16 practices had significant increases in BP control. In uncontrolled patients at baseline, mean SBP/DBP fell from 149/85 to 139/80 (p&lt;.001/p&lt;.001). Measure accurately lowered SBP 12.8 mm Hg (p&lt;.001) in uncontrolled patients with better technique in attended BP reducing SBP ≥6.5 mm Hg per practice; while unattended AOBP lowered SBP 8.6 mm Hg (p&lt;.001). Therapeutic inertia was unchanged (50.2% vs. 48.4%; p=.10); the mean fall in SBP per therapeutic change increased from 5.4 to 14.0 mm Hg (p&lt;.001). Conclusions: MAP was associated with significant improvement in hypertension control in primary care during a six-month period. The decrease in SBP and improved control were largely explained by Measure accurately and Partner with patients as therapeutic inertia (Act rapidly) did not change. Evidence-based strategies in MAP provide opportunities for primary care practices to quickly improve hypertension control toward the national goals of 80%, and importantly to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Activation of NK Cells by an Endocytosed Receptor for Soluble HLA-G (2005)

Signaling from endosomes is emerging as a mechanism by which selected receptors provide sustained signals distinct from those generated at the plasma membrane. The activity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are important effectors of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immunity, is controlled primarily by receptors that are at the cell surface. Here we show that cytokine secretion by resting human NK cells is induced by soluble, but not solid-phase, antibodies to the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 2DL4, a receptor for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G. KIR2DL4 was constitutively internalized into Rab5-positive compartments via a dynamin-dependent process. Soluble HLA-G was endocytosed into KIR2DL4-containing compartments in NK cells and in 293T cells transfected with KIR2DL4. Chemokine secretion induced by KIR2DL4 transfection into 293T cells occurred only with recombinant forms of KIR2DL4 that trafficked to endosomes. The profile of genes up-regulated by KIR2DL4 engagement on resting NK cells revealed a proinflammatory/proangiogenic response. Soluble HLA-G induced secretion of a similar set of cytokines and chemokines. This unique stimulation of resting NK cells by soluble HLA-G, which is endocytosed by KIR2DL4, implies that NK cells may provide useful functions at sites of HLA-G expression, such as promotion of vascularization in maternal decidua during early pregnancy.
A Monoclonal Antibody to the Mycobacterial 65kDa Heat Shock Protein (ML 30) Binds to Cells in Normal and Arthritic Joints of Rats (1991)

A monoclonal antibody reactive with the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein (ML 30) was investigated for reactivity with biopsies from normal rat joints and with inflamed joints due to adjuvant arthritis (AA) or collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Immunohistochemical stainings with the anti-hsp 65 antibody on paraffin sections from normal rat joints revealed a weak but exclusive staining of cells within the synovial lining. Also normal chondrocytes and bone marrow cells showed occasional staining. In biopsies from inflamed joints obtained from rats suffering from AA or CIA, an intense staining with ML 30 was seen within the cartilage-pannus junction as well as sites of bone erosion. An increased staining, compared with the normal, was also seen in chondrocytes of the eroded cartilage and in some bone marrow cells. No staining with ML 30 was seen in biopsies from inflammatory lesions due to delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of rats. Reactivity of ML 30 was also seen in a Western blot assay performed on lysates from inflamed synovia from rats with CIA, preferentially with a component slightly below 60 kDa in molecular weight. The demonstration of epitopes cross-reactive with hsp 65 of mycobacteria in normal and, in higher quantity, in arthritic rat joints, suggests, together with our preliminary biochemical findings, that a recently identified mammalian counterpart to bacterial hsp 65 is both preferentially expressed in normal joints and subject to increased expression in arthritis of different aetiologies.
Feature Selection for Sound Classification in Hearing Aids Through Restricted Search Driven by Genetic Algorithms (2007)

Hearing loss may disqualify many people from leading a normal life, though the majority do not make use of hearing aids. This is because most hearing aids on the market cannot automatically adapt to the changing acoustical environment the user faces daily. This paper focuses on the development of an automatic sound classifier for digital hearing aids that aims to enhance listening comprehension when the user goes from one sound environment to another. Given the strong complexity constraints of these devices, reducing the number of signal-describing features which feed the automatic classifier is of great importance and becomes a challenging topic. Thus, the use of genetic algorithms with restricted search is explored for the mentioned feature selection. In an effort to evaluate its performance, the algorithm is compared with a standard unconstrained genetic algorithm and with sequential methods. The restricted search driven by the implemented genetic algorithm performs better than both the sequential methods and unconstrained genetic algorithms. It thus allows a subset of signal-describing features with lower cardinality to be selected. This may permit these selected features to be programmed on the digital signal processor that the hearing aid is based on, and to make efficient use of its limited computational facilities.
Syntheses and Determination of Absolute Configurations and Biological Activities of the Enantiomers of the Longtailed Mealybug Pheromone (2013)

Preparation and assignment of absolute configurations to both enantiomers of the sex pheromone of the longtailed mealybug, an irregular monoterpenoid with extraordinary biological activity, has been completed. Comparison of the biological activities of both enantiomers and the racemate in field trials showed that the (S)-(+)-enantiomer was highly attractive to male mealybugs, strongly suggesting that female longtailed mealybugs produce this enantiomer. The (R)-(-)-enantiomer was benign, being neither attractive nor inhibitory.