gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of HITPERM (Fe, Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 magnets (1999)

A new class of nanocrystalline alloys with composition Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 has been developed. This and similar alloys of general composition (Fe, Co)–M–B–Cu (where M=Zr, Hf, Nb, etc.) have been named HITPERM. They offer large magnetic inductions and excellent soft magnetic properties at elevated temperatures. Thermomagnetic properties, permeability, and frequency dependent losses are described in this report. These alloys exhibit high magnetization that persists to the α→γ phase transformation at 980 °C. Alternating current permeability experiments reveal a high permeability at 2 kHz with a loss value of 1 W/g at Bs=10 kG and f=10 kHz.
A Case of Early Fetal Testicular Regression Syndrome (2002)

A 29-year-old phenotypic female with 46,XY genotype presented with primary amenorrhea, no breast development, no axillary hair, no pubic hair, and clitomegaly. The vagina was blind pouch. The vagina and urethra shared same outlet. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was in the normal range for female subject. Plasma luteinizing-hormone (LH) and testosterone were elevated. Plasma estradiol (E2) level was markedly low. At laparoscopy, no uterus, only vestigial remnants of fallopian tube was seen and very small streak gonad was found. According to the pathologic report, they were remnant of Mullerian duct and salpinx (“right adnexa”) and streak gonad with vas deference (‘left adnexa’). On the basis of the clinical, genotypic, and endocrine feature, the patient was diagnosed as testicular regression syndrome. We present it with brief review of literature.
Utilization of bloodfed females of Aedes aegypti as a vehicle for the transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval habitats. (1994)

Bloodfed female Aedes aegypti were exposed to a surface treated with pyriproxyfen at 1.0 g m2 for 30 min and then allowed to lay eggs in cups of water containing 4th-instar larvae. Adult emergence from the immatures was highly inhibited, and transmission of pyriproxyfen from the females to the water was revealed. The transfer of the chemical to the water decreased with time before the blood meal. Chemical analysis for pyriproxyfen on the exoskeleton of treated females demonstrated the rapid disappearance of the compound. Pyriproxyfen obviously affected egg maturation of females treated before blood meals, as the number of eggs deposited decreased concurrently with the number of days before the blood meals.
SharedPhys (2016)

We present and evaluate a new mixed-reality tool called SharedPhys, which tightly integrates real-time physiological sensing, whole-body interaction, and responsive large-screen visualizations to support new forms of embodied interaction and collaborative learning. While our primary content area is the human body, we use the body and physical activity as a pathway to other STEM areas such as biology, health, and mathematics. We describe our participatory design process with 20 elementary school teachers, the development of three contrasting SharedPhys prototypes, and results from six exploratory evaluations in two after-school programs. Our findings suggest that the tight coupling between physical interaction, sensing, and visualization in a multi-user environment helps promote engagement, allows children to easily explore cause-and-effect relationships, supports and shapes social interactions, and promotes playful experiences.
Theory of spin-polarized bipolar transport in magneticp−njunctions (2002)

The interplay between spin and charge transport in electrically and magnetically inhomogeneous semiconductor systems is investigated theoretically. In particular, the theory of spin-polarized bipolar transport in magnetic $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions is formulated, generalizing the classic Shockley model. The theory assumes that in the depletion layer the nonequilibrium chemical potentials of spin-up and spin-down carriers are constant and carrier recombination and spin relaxation are inhibited. Under the general conditions of an applied bias and externally injected (source) spin, the model formulates analytically carrier and spin transport in magnetic $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions at low bias. The evaluation of the carrier and spin densities at the depletion layer establishes the necessary boundary conditions for solving the diffusive transport equations in the bulk regions separately, thus greatly simplifying the problem. The carrier and spin density and current profiles in the bulk regions are calculated and the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics of the junction are obtained. It is demonstrated that spin injection through the depletion layer of a magnetic $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction is not possible unless nonequilibrium spin accumulates in the bulk regions---either by external spin injection or by the application of a large bias. Implications of the theory for majority spin injection across the depletion layer, minority spin pumping and spin amplification, giant magnetoresistance, spin-voltaic effect, biasing electrode spin injection, and magnetic drift in the bulk regions are discussed in details, and illustrated using the example of a GaAs based magnetic $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction.
Package-Level Interconnect Design for Optimum Electrical Performance (2000)

This paper presents an overview of the electrical analysis and electrical design processes and techniques used to develop package-level interconnect technologies to meet Intel’s present and future performance challenges. The three areas of focus in electrical design of package interconnects: signal integrity, power delivery, and electromagnetic compatibility are discussed. Details of technology development and design choices made to meet the electrical performance requirements of some of Intel’s most recent products are discussed. Some of the specific topics discussed include design and analysis flows, design techniques for impedance control and improved signal integrity, power decoupling solutions, voltage regulation module (VRM) analysis, and design for EMI control and improvement. Design and technology trade offs to meet the varied cost goals for different product lines resulting from Intel’s recent market segmentation are also discussed using examples such as Intel’s high-end server product line, Itanium processors, and Intel’s value-PC line, Celeron processors. The importance of die-to-motherboard design integration early in the technology development cycle is also highlighted as critical in optimizing design for performance and cost.
In vitro metabolism of tegaserod in human liver and intestine: assessment of drug interactions. (2001)

Tegaserod is a selective 5-HT(4) receptor partial agonist with promotile activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was designed to describe the metabolic pathways of tegaserod in the human liver and small intestine in vitro, to identify the enzymes involved in tegaserod metabolism, and to investigate the effect of tegaserod on CYP-catalyzed reactions involving other compounds. Tegaserod was metabolized in human liver microsomes to O-desmethyl tegaserod at a low rate. This metabolite was also formed by cDNA expressed CYP2D6, and the reaction in human liver microsomes was inhibited by quinidine. In human liver slices, direct N-glucuronidation of tegaserod at the guanidine nitrogens (M43.2, M43.8, and M45.3) was found, with M43.8 being the major metabolite. Human small intestine slices also metabolized tegaserod to the N-glucuronides, suggesting a contribution of the small intestine to the presystemic metabolism. 5-Methoxyindole-3-carboxylic acid (M29.0), the main metabolite in human plasma, was generated in vitro by a sequence of reactions starting with nonenzymatic acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, followed by enzymatic oxidation and conjugation with glucuronic acid. Tegaserod inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A only to a small extent with IC(50) values >30 microM. Tegaserod more effectively inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 with K(i) values of 0.84 and 0.85 microM, respectively. However, these K(i) values are approximately 140-fold greater than the maximal tegaserod plasma concentrations following the clinically relevant 6-mg oral dose given to healthy volunteers. M29.0, the main circulating metabolite, did not demonstrate any inhibitory potential toward cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Therefore, clinically relevant metabolic drug interactions with tegaserod seem unlikely.
Rat T cells express neither CD55 nor CD59 and are dependent on Crry for protection from homologous complement (2002)

All human blood cells express decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), CD59, and, with the exception of erythrocytes, membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) to protect themselves from damage by the constant low-level activation of complement in serum. In rats and mice MCP is expressed only in testis, whereas DAF and CD59 are broadly distributed. Rats and mice also express a unique complement regulator, Crry. Previously we have shown that DAF was absent from at least 75% of rat T cells. To further investigate this surprising finding, we assessed the expression levels of DAF, CD59 and Crry on all blood cell types in the rat. We found that Crry was abundantly expressed on all blood cells. CD59 was expressed abundantly on erythrocytes and granulocytes but was absent from all T cellsand platelets and a minority of B cells and NK cells. Double staining and depletion studies showed that T cells in all rat strains tested were DAF-CD59-. Neutralization of Crry using a blocking monoclonal antibody rendered T cells susceptible to lysis by homologous complement, indicating that Crry was solely responsible for protecting DAF-CD59- T cells from complement damage in the rat.
Spontaneous Transition of Self-assembled Hydrogel Fibrils into Crystalline Microtubes Enables a Rational Strategy To Stabilize the Hydrogel State (2015)

Hydrogel fibril and crystal formation are related self-assembly processes that provide materials with distinct emergent properties. The relationship between fibril and crystal growth is poorly understood, and efforts to engineer controlled hydrogelation vs crystallization via small molecule self-assembly currently depend on empirical approaches. Herein, we report the dynamic transition of self-assembled hydrogel fibrils of a phenylalanine (Phe) derivative, Fmoc-p-nitrophenylalanine (Fmoc-4-NO2-Phe), to crystalline microtubes. As has been shown with other Fmoc-Phe derivatives, Fmoc-4-NO2-Phe spontaneously self-assembles into amyloid-like fibrils that form an entangled hydrogel network when suspended in water. However, Fmoc-4-NO2-Phe fibrils uniquely transform over time into crystalline microtubes. Hydrogel fibrils appear to be a kinetic state with microtube crystals more thermodynamically favored. This dynamic transition from fibril to crystal has enabled a high-resolution structural analysis of the packing orientation of these self-assembled materials. Taking cues from this structural analysis, we demonstrate a rational strategy for stabilization of the kinetic Fmoc-4-NO2-Phe hydrogel fibrils. These results represent significant advances in our understanding of the dynamic nature of self-assembly processes and in our ability to rationally engineer these processes to provide materials with desired emergent properties.
Stabilization of Passenger Car-Caravan Combination Using Four Wheel Steering Control (1995)

SUMMARY This study aims to stabilize the trailer at high speed. The behavior of passenger cars with four wheel steering system, vehicles with rear wheel steering and of trailer and passenger car are similar. This is regarded as an optimal regulator problem with linear equation of motion, and a state variables feedback control system is adopted. The problem of stability at high speed on a straight course can be solved. Therefore, the passenger car-trailer system can be stabilized. Furthermore, this study indicates the way forward to stabilize a passenger car-trailer system.
Modeling and Application of Multi-Port TSV Networks in 3-D IC (2013)

Through-silicon-via (TSV) enables vertical connectivity between stacked chips or interposer and is a key technology for 3-D integrated circuits (ICs). While arrays of TSVs are needed in 3-D IC, there only exists a frequency-dependent resistance, inductance, conductance and capacitance circuit model for a pair of TSVs with coupling between them. In this paper, we develop a simple yet accurate circuit model for a multiport TSV network (e.g., coupled TSV array) by decomposing the network into a number of TSV pairs and then applying circuit models for each of them. We call the new model a pair-based model for the multiport TSV network. It is first verified against a commercial electromagnetic solver for up to 20 GHz and subsequently employed for a variety of examples for signal and power integrity analysis.
Fault-Tolerant Control of Degrading Systems with On-Policy Reinforcement\n Learning (2020)

We propose a novel adaptive reinforcement learning control approach for fault\ntolerant control of degrading systems that is not preceded by a fault detection\nand diagnosis step. Therefore, \\textit{a priori} knowledge of faults that may\noccur in the system is not required. The adaptive scheme combines online and\noffline learning of the on-policy control method to improve exploration and\nsample efficiency, while guaranteeing stable learning. The offline learning\nphase is performed using a data-driven model of the system, which is frequently\nupdated to track the system's operating conditions. We conduct experiments on\nan aircraft fuel transfer system to demonstrate the effectiveness of our\napproach.\n
Design and Implementation of Navigation-Aid for 3D Virtual Environment using Topic Map (2004)

3차원 가상환경은 시각정보 위주의 제한적인 정보를 제공한다 이는 사용자가 환경 안에서 방향을 상실하게 되는 원인이 된다. 이를 보완하기 위해 여러 가지 방법의 탐색항해 도구에 대한 연구가 진행 되었다. 본 연구에서는 시맨틱 웹 구축 기술의 하나인 토픽맵 기법을 3차원 가상환경에 적용하여 탐색항해 도구를 설계했다. 토픽맵은 토픽과 토픽 사이의 연결 관계를 정의함으로 의미적 연결지도를 구축한다. 이를 적용한 탐색항해 도구의 활용성 실험에서 대표성이 높은 목표 보다는 세밀한 목표를 찾을 때 효과적으로 탐색항해에 도움이 되고 있음을 보여주었다. 또한 찾고자 하는 목표가 정확하지 않은 상태에서의 탐색항해에서 주제에 관련된 주변 지식의 제공은 사용자의 목표 선택에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. Users in 3D virtual environment get limited information which contains mostly images. It is the main reason for users getting lost during their Navigation. Various studies of Navigation-Aid have been done in order to solve this problem. In this study, we applied Topic Maps, which is one of semantic Web techniques, to the navigation in a 3D virtual environment. Topic Maps construct semantic linking maps through defining the relations between topics. Experiments in which Topic Map based Navigation-Aid was applied have shown that the Navigation-Aid was effective when the subjects find a detailed target rather than a highly represented one. Also, offering information around the target helped the users to find the target when they navigated without having specific targets.
Implementation of new superconducting neural circuits using coupled SQUIDs (1994)

A novel superconducting neuron circuit and two types of variable synapses, which are based on superconducting quantum interferometer devices (SQUIDs), are presented. A neuron circuit with good input-output isolation and steep threshold characteristics is accomplished using a combination of a single-junction SQUID coupled to a double-junction SQUID. The quantum state of the single-junction SQUID represents the neuron state, and the output voltage of the double-junction SQUID, which is operated in a nonlatching mode with shunt resistors, is a sigmoid-shaped function of the input. Both variable synapse circuits are composed of multiple shunted double-junction SQUIDs. The first type changes its conductance value by using both superconducting and voltage states. The second variable synapse circuit changes its output current digitally by switching its bias currents. Besides numerical simulations of the circuit characteristics, we have fabricated superconducting neural chips in a Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junction technology. The fundamental operation of each element and a 2-bit neural-based A/D converter have been successfully tested. A learning system with a variable synapse is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impact of aspartate aminotransferase–to–platelet ratio index based score to assess posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcninoma (2022)

The scoring model-based APRI, MELD score, operating time, and intraoperative blood loss can predict severe PHLF in patients with HCC.
An accurate, long-term, pH-sensitive radio pill for ingestion and implantation. (1981)

The design of a new radiotelemetry capsule (26 mm long X 7.6 mm diameter), with an in vivo life of 1 month is described in the context of previous work in this field. In vitro evaluation of the capsule indicates an accuracy and performance comparable with a conventional pH meter. Several clinical applications are described, including measurements of gastrointestinal pH in humans and the measurement of extracellular pH in laboratory animals.
Thermal [6,6] → [6,6] Isomerization and Decomposition of PCBM (Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester) (2014)

For the first time, the thermal stability limits of one of the most highly cited and well-studied fullerene derivative electron acceptors, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have been investigated under thermal annealing and vapor deposition conditions. Significant decomposition is observed when PCBM is heated, even briefly, to and beyond its melting temperature in an inert atmosphere, as evidenced and quantified here by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and UV–vis spectroscopy, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography. The major thermally induced decomposition product of PCBM has been isolated, characterized, and identified as a new pentacyclic [6,6]-addition motif isomer of PCBM (iso-PCBM). Cyclic voltammetry studies show no difference in electrochemical properties between PCBM and iso-PCBM, and our quantum chemical calculations predict the new isomer to be ∼43 kJ/mol more thermodynamically stable than PCBM.
Synthesis of cardanol oil building blocks for polymer synthesis (2015)

This review proposes a platform approach for the synthesis of various building blocks from cardanol in one- or two-steps syntheses. Cardanol, which is a natural phenol, is issued from cashew nutshell liquid, a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from the cashew industry in large commercial volumes. Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable for the addition of aromatic renewable resources in polymers and materials. Various routes were used for the synthesis of di- and poly-functional building blocks used thereafter in polymer syntheses. Phenolation was used to dimerize/oligomerize cardanol in order to increase its functionality. Thio-ene was used to synthesize new reactive amines. Epoxidation and (meth)acrylation were also used to insert oxirane or (meth)acrylate groups in order to synthesize polymers and materials.
CD4+ T Cell‐Released Extracellular Vesicles Potentiate the Efficacy of the HBsAg Vaccine by Enhancing B Cell Responses (2019)

T cells secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the potential biological effects of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs are not clear. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell-derived EVs on B cell responses and examine their role in antigen-mediated humoral immune responses. In this study, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs are purified from activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in vitro. After immunization with the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs-treated mice show stronger humoral immune responses, which is indicated by a greater Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level in serum and a greater proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow. In addition, it is found that EVs released from activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells play an important role in B cell responses in vitro, which significantly promote B cell activation, proliferation, and antibody production. Interestingly, antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs are found to be more efficient than control EVs in enhancing B cell responses. Furthermore, it is shown that CD40 ligand (CD40L) is involved in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs-mediated B cell responses. Overall, the results have demonstrated that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell EVs enhance B cell responses and serve as a novel immunomodulator to promote antigen-specific humoral immune responses.
Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence Analysis: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications (1981)

I. INTRODUCTION A. Current Status Analytical methods based on chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) are not widely used in clinical laboratories at present. However, they are receiving close attention as possible methods in the future. Interest is particularly focused on four systems: the firefly reaction which is widely used to determine adenosine triphosphate (ATP), bacterial BL for measuring the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), the luminol reaction, and chemiluminescence accompanying phagocytosis. Together these reactions offer a wide range of analytical possibilities. They can be coupled to other analyses via enzymes that generate or consume ATP, NADH, or hydrogen peroxide. In addition, they can be used for immunological assays by labeling antigen or antibody with one of the reactants required for light production. Several other reactions also offer possible clinical application. Examples include peroxyoxalate CL for peroxide analysis and aequorin BL for measuring free calcium. Once CL and BL methods become established in the clinical laboratory, these other reactions are more likely to gain wide-spread acceptance.
Stepwise removal of the S-p-nitrobenzyl-protecting group (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStepwise removal of the S-p-nitrobenzyl-protecting groupM. D. Bachi and K. J. Ross-PetersenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 22, 3550–3551Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00795a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00795a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts