gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIMG-16. TRACKING TTFIELDS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GLIOBLASTOMA METABOLISM WITH [18F]DASA-23, A NON-INVASIVE PROBE OF PYRUVATE KINASE M2 (PKM2) (2021)

Abstract Despite the anti-proliferative and survival benefits from tumor treating fields (TTFields) in human glioblastoma (hGBM), little is known about the effects of this form of alternating electric fields therapy on the aberrant glycolysis of hGBM. [18F]FDG is the most common radiotracer in cancer metabolic imaging, but its utility in hGBM is impaired due to high glucose uptake in normal brain tissue. With TTFields, radiochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we identified pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as a biomarker of hGBM response to therapeutic TTFields. We used [18F]DASA-23, a novel radiotracer that measures PKM2 expression and which has been shown to be safe in humans, to detect a shift away from hGBM aberrant glycolysis in response to TTFields. Compared to unexposed hGBM, [18F]DASA-23 uptake was reduced in hGBM exposed to TTFields (53%, P&amp;lt; 0.05) or temozolomide chemotherapy (33%, P &amp;gt; 0.05) for 3 d. A 6-d TTFields exposure resulted in a 31% reduction (P = 0.043) in 60-min uptake of [18F]DASA-23. [18F]DASA-23 was retained after a 10 but not 30-min wash-out period. Compared to [18F]FDG, [18F]DASA-23 demonstrated a 4- to 9-fold greater uptake, implying an improved tumor-to-background ratio. Furthermore, compared to no-TTFields exposure, a 6-d TTFields exposure caused a 35% reduction in [18F]DASA-23 30-min uptake compared to only an 8% reduction in [18F]FDG 30-min uptake. Quantitative Western blot analysis and qualitative immunofluorescence for PKM2 confirmed the TTFields-induced reduction in PKM2 expression. This is the first study to demonstrate that TTFields impairs hGBM aberrant glycolytic metabolism through reduced PKM2 expression, which can be non-invasively detected by the [18F]DASA-23 radiotracer.
The Spectrum Policy Challenges of Unmanned Traffic Management and U-Space Regulation - Stakeholder analysis view (2022)

This paper explores the UAS traffic management and U-Space regulation in the spectrum policy context through the strategic management of stakeholders. The study identifies key stakeholders and their roles, analyses their dynamics and interactions, and evaluates their salience and management actions from power, legitimacy and urgency perspectives. The spectrum policy challenges of UTM and U-Space regulatory frameworks are analysed, and the paper proposes spectrum management issues and recommends required regulatory actions. The results of the stakeholder analysis reveal the emerging new role of the U-Space connectivity service provider. Options for the implementation of connectivity provision are analysed and the related key regulatory policy issues are identified to help assessing implementation options for the U-Space connectivity provision. Connectivity in the U-Space airspace calls for novel performance, deployment and regulation related requirements to ensure high connection 3D availability, reliability, and security.
Structural Determination and Antioxidant Activity of a Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Cultured Cordyceps sinensis (2009)

A water-soluble polysaccharide named CPS1 had been isolated from C. sinensis mycelium by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel-permeation chromatography. UV spectra, FTIR spectra, partial acid hydrolysis, PMP precolumn derivation, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation studies were conducted to elucidate its structure. The results indicated that CPS1 was a glucomannogalactan with the monosaccharide composition of glucose: mannose: galactose = 2.8: 2.9: 1. The total carbohydrate content of CPS1 was 99.0%. The weight-average molecular weight was 8.1 x 10(3) Da. The results predicted (1-->2) and (1-->4)-linkage of mannose, (1-->3)-linkage of galactose, (1--> ) and (1-->3, 6)-linkage of glucose composed the backbone of CPS1. CPS1 was also evaluated for its antioxidant activity in vitro, including scavenging effects on the hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power, Fe(2+)-chelating activity, scavenging effect on superoxide radicals, as well as the inhibition of hydrogen peroxide induced haemolysis. CPS1 showed a high antioxidant effect, especially scavenging effect of hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power and Fe(2+)-chelating activity. The results provide scientific support for the antioxidant activity and indicated a connection between antioxidant activity and reparation of renal failure.
Amino acid neurotransmission (1998)

Perspective, A.J. Turner and F.A. Stephenson neurotransmitter release mechanisms, D.G. Nicholls et al structure, function and regulation of sodium coupled neurotransmitter transport, B. Kanner electrophysiology of GABAa receptors, T.G. Smart molecular structure of GABAa receptors, F.A. Stephenson glycine receptors - molecular properties, C.-M. Becker neuropharmacology of excitatory amino acid receptors, P.J. Roberts metabotropic glutamate receptors, J.M. Henley et al non-NMDA glutamate receptors - molecular properties, R.J. Wenthold et al NMDA glutamate receptors - molecular properties, P.J. Whiting receptor regulation by phosphorylation, L. Raymond neurodegeneration, A.M. Palmer long term potentiation in the hippocampus, Z. Bashir.
A systematic study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance working memory manipulation abilities (2018)

Abstract A core element of human working memory (WM) is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. Given the profound importance of such WM manipulation (WM-M) abilities, there is a concerted effort aimed at developing approaches to improve them. Past research has identified neural substrates of WM-M centered in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), thereby providing a plausible and accessible target for noninvasive neuromodulatory stimulation that can be used to alter cortical excitability and potentially lead to facilitation of WM-M. In the current study, 5Hz online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied over the left DLPFC, was used to test the hypothesis that active rTMS would lead to significant improvements in memory recall accuracy compared to sham stimulation, and that these effects would be most pronounced in the WM-M conditions with the highest cognitive demand (registered Clinical Trial: # NCT02767323 ). Participants performed a delayed response alphabetization task with three individually-titrated levels of difficulty during active and sham rTMS. Analyses revealed that active rTMS led to numerically greater accuracy relative to sham stimulation for the hardest condition; however, this effect did not survive Bonferroni correction over all task conditions. Despite the lack of robust, study-wise significant effects, when considered in isolation, the magnitude of behavioral improvement in the hardest condition was negatively correlated with parametric difficulty-related fMRI activity in the targeted brain region, suggesting that individuals with less activation benefit more from rTMS. The present findings therefore suggest evidence towards the hypothesis that active rTMS can enhance performance during difficult memory manipulation conditions; however, firm conclusions cannot be drawn given the lack of overall significant effects. These findings are discussed in the context of individualized targeting and other factors that might moderate rTMS effects.
Challenge of Using Practical DFT to Model Fe Pendant Donor Diimine Catalyzed Ethylene Oligomerization (2019)

Molecular, Fe-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization provides access to a range of linear α-olefins (LAOs) that are used to produce polyethylene, lubricants, surfactants, and other commercial products. This work provides an experimental example of an Fe pendant donor diimine ((PDD)Fe) catalyzed ethylene oligomerization that showcases very high olefin oligomer purity without branching and provides K (propagation/(propagation + termination)) values of LAOs fractions, which show larger K values as a function of carbon chain length. This experimental example provided an anchor point to try to identify a practical density functional theory (DFT) protocol to model ethylene oligomerization branching, propagation/termination, and K values. Using M06-L DFT calculations, we successfully modeled the very high oligomerization purity for the (PDD)Fe catalyst, compared to the lower purity for the Fe tridentate pyridine bisimine (PBI)Fe catalyst, which showed enhanced regioselectivity for migratory insertion between Fe–H intermediates and LAOs. Modeling propagation/termination and K values were significantly more challenging with most oxidation and spin states incorrectly predicting a significant preference for oligomerization termination. Therefore, caution should be used when trying to model these types of quantitative catalysis values.
Proceedings: Use of central and peripheral temperature measurements in care of critically ill children. (1974)

Use of central and peripheral temperature measurements in care of critically ill children.
Second‐trimester cancer antigen 125 and Down's syndrome (1992)

This study explores if assay of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in maternal serum might aid the detection of Down's syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. CA 125 levels were determined retrospectively in stored maternal serum samples from ten Down's syndrome pregnancies and 78 controls matched for gestational and maternal age. In addition, second-trimester amniotic fluid samples from nine Down's syndrome and 109 unaffected pregnancies were analysed for CA 125. Maternal serum CA 125 values for Down's syndrome pregnancies were lower, with the median being 0.72 multiples of the unaffected population median. The medians for affected and unaffected pregnancies did not differ significantly and there was a considerable overlap in the range of values of cases and controls. The distribution of amniotic fluid CA 125 levels for Down's syndrome pregnancies resembled that for controls. From our present results, we could not find an association between Down's syndrome and second-trimester maternal serum or amniotic fluid CA 125 levels.
Spectroscopic imaging in the near field with an apertureless solid immersion lens microscope (2007)

To achieve high lateral resolution in microscopy, we exploit the localized electromagnetic field of a Solid Immersion Lens (SIL). The lens is mounted on a cantilever of a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) to allow a dynamic scan with constant tip-sample force. This unit can be integrated into a micro fluorescence (Zeiss UMSP) or Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) to allow spectroscopy and spectrally resolved imaging in the near field. Three methods can be applied with a lateral resolution of less than 30 nm: 1) <b>Reflectance-SNOM:</b> the sample is imaged by illuminating the surface through the SIL and detecting the reflected near-field. 2) <b>Photon-tunneling-SNOM:</b> the contrast is generated by the ability of the photons to tunnel through the energy barrier into the substrate. 3) <b>Fluorescence- SNOM:</b> the chromophore is excited and the fluorescence light is collected by the SIL. The collection efficiency for the fluorescence is increased by a factor of 10 due to the high refractive index of the SIL compared to conventional methods.
Supplementary Table 1 from VEGFA-VEGFR Pathway Blockade Inhibits Tumor-Induced Regulatory T-cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 37K, Patients' characteristics&lt;/p&gt;
Package‐Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Graphene top Electrodes (2013)

Package-free flexible organic solar cells are fabricated with multilayer graphene as top transparent electrodes, which show the highest power conversion efficiency of about 3.2% and excellent flexibility and bending stability. The devices also show good air stability, indicating that multilayer graphene is a promising environmental barrier that can protect the organic solar cells from air contamination.
62‐1: Invited Paper: Highly Stable Self‐Aligned Coplanar InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors and Investigation on Effective Channel Length † (2019)

Highly stable top‐gate InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with excellent threshold voltage (Vth) uniformity are developed by optimizing gate insulator film properties and controlling oxygen/hydrogen diffusion into IGZO channel. The TFTs do not show notable negative Vth shift and Vth non‐uniformity from channel length 10 µm down to 3 µm.
Adapting the DOCSIS protocols for military point-to-multipoint wireless links (2002)

This paper examines the use of DOCSIS (data over cable service interface specification) in a military environment that uses space ground link interface units (SGLIUs) to extend the DoD's terrestrial networks via multipoint radio communication channels such as line-of-site wireless links (e.g., campus area wireless networks) or over-the-horizon wireless links (e.g., airborne communications relays provided by unmanned aerial vehicles). Results show that the DOCSIS media access control (MAC) protocol is a viable candidate for this wireless application, which can leverage COTS technology in order to reduce the DoD's telecommunications costs. However, some modifications to DOCSIS may be necessary. One example is the error-control methods. DOCSIS currently uses Reed-Solomon coding, whereas military applications might prefer more powerful codes, such as turbo product codes, that perform better in high bit error rate (BER) environments such as active jamming by an adversary.
Evaluating cues for resuming interrupted programming tasks (2010)

Developers, like all modern knowledge workers, are frequently interrupted and blocked in their tasks. In this paper we present a contextual inquiry into developers' current strategies for resuming interrupted tasks and investigate the effect of automated cues on improving task resumption. We surveyed 371 programmers on the nature of their tasks, interruptions, task suspension and resumption strategies and found that they rely heavily on note-taking across several types of media. We then ran a controlled lab study to compare the effects of two different automated cues to note taking when resuming interrupted programming tasks. The two cues differed in (1) whether activities were summarized in aggregate or presented chronologically and (2) whether activities were presented as program symbols or as code snippets. Both cues performed well: developers using either cue completed their tasks with twice the success rate as those using note-taking alone. Despite the similar performance of the cues, developers strongly preferred the cue that presents activities chronologically as code snippets.
Statistical Yield Modeling for Sub-wavelength Lithography (2008)

Photolithography is at the heart of semiconductor manufacturing process. To support continued scaling of transistors, lithographic resolution must continue to improve. At today's volume manufacturing process, a light source of 193 nm wavelength is used to print devices with 45 nm feature size. To address sub-wavelength printability, a number of resolution enhancement techniques (RET) have been used. While RET techniques allow printing of sub-wavelength features, the feature length itself becomes highly sensitive to process parameters, which in turn detracts from yield due to small perturbations in manufacturing parameters. Yield loss is a function of random variables such as depth-of-focus, exposure dose, lens aberration and resist thickness. The loss-of-yield is also a function of systematic components such as specific layout structure and out-of-band radiation from optical source. In this paper, we present a yield modeling technique for a given layout, based on a statistical model for process variability. The key issues addressed in this paper are (i) layout error modeling, (ii) avoidance of mask simulation for chip layouts, (iii) avoidance of full Monte-Carlo simulation for variational lithography modeling, (iv) building a methodology for yield estimation based on existing commercial tools. Results based on our approach show that yield sensitivity increases at smaller feature sizes.
Some Examples of Conceptual Grammar (1978)

This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The author was sponsored by the Institute of International Education on an ITT-fellowship.
Parallel photopolymerisation with complex light patterns generated by diffractive optical elements (2007)

Photopolymerisation by scanning a focused laser beam is a powerful method to build structures of arbitrary complexity with submicrometer resolution. We introduce parallel photopolymerisation to enhance the efficiency. Instead of multidimensional scanning of a single focus, the structure is generated simultaneously with diffractive patterns. We used fixed diffractive optical elements (DOEs), kinoforms, and Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). The possibilities of photopolymerisation using SLM were investigated: the added flexibility using the programmable device is demonstrated. By using these DOEs, straight and helical cross shaped columns were produced with a single scan at a rate about an order of magnitude faster than by simple scanning. The produced helical structures could be rotated by optical tweezers.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Aluminosilicate Sealing Glasses. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Sensitivity Analysis for Base-Stock Levels in Multiechelon Production-Inventory Systems (1995)

Effective management of inventories in large-scale production and distribution systems requires methods for bringing model solutions closer to the complexities of real systems. Motivated by this need, we develop simulation-based methods for estimating sensitivities of inventory costs with respect to policy parameters. These sensitivity estimates are useful in adjusting optimal parameters predicted by a simplified model to complexities that can be incorporated in a simulation. We consider capacitated, multiechelon systems operating under base-stock policies and develop estimators of derivatives with respect to base-stock levels. We show that these estimates converge to the correct value for finite-horizon and infinite-horizon discounted and average cost criteria. Our methods are easy to implement and experiments suggest that they converge quickly. We illustrate their use by optimizing base-stock levels for a subsystem of the PC assembly and distribution system of a major computer manufacturer.
Endothelin-specific antibodies decrease blood pressure and increase glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1992)

These results suggest that endothelin plays an important role in the modulation of systemic blood pressure and renal function in SHR.
Dental Caries and Enamel Defects in Very Low Birth Weight Adolescents (2010)

LR-VLBW was a significant risk factor for increased enamel defects in the permanent incisors and first molars. Term children had increased caries compared to the LR-VLBW group. The effect of birth group and enamel defects on caries has to be investigated longitudinally from birth.
Underutilization of the CROSS Regimen Among US Radiation Oncologists: A National Survey of Practice Patterns (2018)

Despite results from the CROSS trial, the majority of responding US radiation oncologists do not offer 41.4 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy for surgically-fit patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, believing that a higher dose will translate to improved response.
Letter by Tsikas and Rossi Regarding Article, “Nitrite Anion Provides Potent Cytoprotective and Antiapoptotic Effects as Adjunctive Therapy to Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction” (2009)

We read with interest the work by Gonzalez et al, 1 which reports that nitrite infusion may enhance the efficacy of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction and have potential clinical impact.Gonzalez et al 1 concluded that nitrite but not other nitric oxide (NO)-related species is the bioactive intravascular NO metabolite that accounts for cardioprotection.In our opinion, this conclusion lacks proof because of potential analytic and methodological shortcomings; in particular, the results shown in Figures 2A and2B of the article 1 deserve comment.Considering the hematocrit (Hct), the relation between nitrite concentration in blood (C B ), plasma (C P ), and erythrocytes (C E ) is described by the equation: C B ϭ(1ϪHct)ϫC P ϩHctϫC E .For dog, 1 the Hct value is Ϸ50%, and C E can be calculated from the reported C B and C P as C E ϭ2ϫC B ϪC P .Before nitrite infusion, the enrichment factors for nitrite (ie, the respective molar ratios of C E :C P ) are 13:1 and 12:1 for the erythrocytic compartment.The data displayed in
Reviewing Thermal-Monitoring Techniques for Smart Power Modules (2021)

The increasing demand for higher power device utilization and reliability in power electronic systems is driving the integration of condition monitoring and active control in power electronic systems. With thermal heat dissipation being the limiting factor of module lifetime and performance, thermal real-time monitoring is key in this transition. However, this requires the availability of highly accurate and high-bandwidth temperature information with minimal phase lag. This article reviews key methods for temperature extraction in power modules: temperature sensing, thermal estimators, and thermal observers. While previous research has examined individual techniques of these methods in great detail, this article presents a methodological overview that provides insight to how different technologies may contribute to next-generation thermal-monitoring solutions. In this context, this article discusses how different technologies can be effectively combined to improve their overall performance. It finally discusses key challenges that must be addressed such that minimally invasive temperature sensing and thermal monitoring become an industrial practice in the future of power electronics.
Modifications of α2-Plasmin Inhibitor During Treatments by a Defibrinating Agent (1979)

A defibrination agent (Defibrase®) has been administered to 8 patients with retinal vein occlusion. Defibrase has been infused sub-cutaneously at a dose of 0.5 B. U./kg/day for 5 days followed by 1 to 2 B.U./kg twice a week, for 2 other weeks, so that fibrinogen level was maintained below 100 mg/100 ml. The tests performed were the following : fibrinogen, FDP, soluble complexes, plasminogen, α2 macroglobulin, antithrombin III, α2-plasmin inhibitor (amidolytic and Laurell methods), blood and plasma viscosity. They have been done before treatment and repeated daily for 5 days and then on the 8th, 11th, 14th and 21st day. A decrease in fibrinogen, viscosity, plasminogen and an increase in FDP and soluble complexes have been observed, as already described. The results of the α2- plasmin inhibitor shows a decrease of about 50 % that is slightly more pronounced by the Laurell method than the amidolytic method. The plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis is present in various amounts.