gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implications of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 for the US Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 established a new Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) requiring increased biofuel use (through 2022) and greater fuel economy (through 2030) for the US light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet. Ethanol from corn and cellulose is expected to supply most of the biofuel and be used in blends with gasoline. A model was developed to assess the potential impact of these mandates on the US LDV fleet. Sensitivity to assumptions regarding future diesel prevalence, fuel economy, ethanol supply, ethanol blending options, availability of flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs), and extent of E85 use was assessed. With no E85 use, we estimate that the national-average ethanol blend level would need to rise from E5 in 2007 to approximately E10 in 2012 and E24 in 2022. Nearly all (97%) US gasoline LDVs were not designed to operate with blends greater than E10. FFVs are designed to use ethanol blends up to E85 but comprise only 3% of the fleet. To satisfy the RFS2 using E10 and E85 requires very large scale introduction of FFVs (tens of millions) in the next 10-20 years. The RFS2 has profound ramifications for LDV technology.&lt;/div&gt;
γ-PGA Hydrolases of Phage Origin in Bacillus subtilis and Other Microbial Genomes (2015)

Poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) is an industrially interesting polymer secreted mainly by members of the class Bacilli which forms a shield able to protect bacteria from phagocytosis and phages. Few enzymes are known to degrade γ-PGA; among them is a phage-encoded γ-PGA hydrolase, PghP. The supposed role of PghP in phages is to ensure access to the surface of bacterial cells by dismantling the γ-PGA barrier. We identified four unannotated B. subtilis genes through similarity of their encoded products to PghP; in fact these genes reside in prophage elements of B. subtilis genome. The recombinant products of two of them demonstrate efficient polymer degradation, confirming that sequence similarity reflects functional homology. Genes encoding similar γ-PGA hydrolases were identified in phages specific for the order Bacillales and in numerous microbial genomes, not only belonging to that order. The distribution of the γ-PGA biosynthesis operon was also investigated with a bioinformatics approach; it was found that the list of organisms endowed with γ-PGA biosynthetic functions is larger than expected and includes several pathogenic species. Moreover in non-Bacillales bacteria the predicted γ-PGA hydrolase genes are preferentially found in species that do not have the genetic asset for polymer production. Our findings suggest that γ-PGA hydrolase genes might have spread across microbial genomes via horizontal exchanges rather than via phage infection. We hypothesize that, in natural habitats rich in γ-PGA supplied by producer organisms, the availability of hydrolases that release glutamate oligomers from γ-PGA might be a beneficial trait under positive selection.
Extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair: experience in 178 patients. (1994)

The evolution of a preferred technique for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been occurring over the past several years. The early work of Ger involved a stapled closure of the dilated internal ring using a specialized 12-mm. instrument, which combined the functions of tissue approximation and stapling. This was followed by a prosthetic mesh plug technique of Schultz and Corbitt, which consisted of a free mesh plug occlusion of the inguinal canal, combined with prosthetic patch coverage of the hernia defect.
A new method for the prediction of laser cut surface topography (2012)

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Women's Liberation in Jane Eyre (2012)

Jane Eyre becomes the representative of women’s literature, because the theme highlights the thought of women’s liberation. The female consciousness conveys the desire and pursuit of women. It emphasizes the value of woman. Undoubtedly, the performance of Charlotte Bronte’s feminist consciousness is to go beyond that era, but also has brought resounding answer to the era of female emancipation. In this paper, a new woman image of Jane Eyre as the axis expresses the awakening of female consciousness and makes female independence through self-struggle and fight for dignity. It shows the concerns and consideration about the liberation of women. The paper reexamines Jane Eyre in the clear-cut feminist consciousness from different angles, highlighting the significance of women’s emancipation.
Design and prototyping of a multi-segment grating for broadband and miniaturized spectrometer (2020)

Compact and broadband spectrometers are used for diagnosis of cancers to distinguish healthy and tumorous tissues at point-of-care locations and remote clinical centers. In this paper, we present a design of a broadband and compact spectrometer based on a three-segment grating which is able to operate from 300 nm to 1700 nm. The spectrometer has a resolution of 6 nm in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectral range and 10 nm in the short wave infrared (SWIR) range. A minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 650 in the VIS range and 9300 in the NIR- SWIR range is achieved. Afterwards, the designed three-segment grating was fabricated in-house with ultra-precision diamond tooling followed by replication in poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). The replicated three-segment grating was then experimentally characterized. The experimental results show that the three-segment grating significantly improves the acquired signal level of the spectrometer in the NIR-SWIR spectral region by at least a factor of 2 compared to a corresponding single segment Richardson grating. This result opens a new way of realizing compact and broadband spectrometers which could be integrated with portable devices.
Quantized Charge Polarization as a Many-Body Invariant in (2+1)D Crystalline Topological States and Hofstadter Butterflies (2023)

A theoretical analysis shows that a quantized charge polarization is well-defined in an insulator with a magnetic field and nonzero quantized Hall conductance, offering an inroad to a deeper understanding of crystalline topological phases.
Contingency analysis for gas transport networks with hydrogen injection (2022)

Abstract Novel methods for contingency analysis of gas transport networks are presented. They are motivated by the transition of our energy system where hydrogen plays a growing role. The novel methods are based on a specific method for topological reduction and so-called supernodes. Stationary Euler equations with advanced compressor thermodynamics and a gas law allowing for gas compositions with up to 100 $$\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> hydrogen are used. Several measures and plots support an intuitive comparison and analysis of the results. In particular, it is shown that the newly developed methods can estimate locations and magnitudes of additional capacities (injection, buffering, storage etc.) with a reasonable performance for networks of relevant composition and size.
Optimizing acoustic features for source cell-phone recognition using speech signals (2013)

This paper presents comparison and optimization of acoustic features for source cell-phone recognition using recorded speech signals. Different acoustic feature extraction methods such as Mel-frequency, linear frequency and Bark frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC, LFCC and BFCC) and linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC) are considered. In addition to different feature sets, the effect of dynamic features, delta and double-delta coefficients (Δ and Δ2), and feature normalizations, cepstral mean normalization (CMN), cepstral variance normalization (CVN) and cepstral mean and variance normalization (CMVN) are also examined on the performance of source cell-phone recognition. The same support vector machine (SVM) classifier with fixed parameters and the same cell-phone dataset are used in the experiments in order to make a fair comparison of different features and feature normalization techniques.
A dynamic model of housing (1980)

This paper describes the structure and accuracy of a model depicting the housing sector of the United States as a linear dynamic system. An aggregate model is used to demonstrate the linear system approach and reconstruct the demand for housing. A disaggregated model, providing the rate of production and level of occupied housing units stratified by the number of rooms, incorporates net changes in the housing stock through additions and removals and modification through conversion and merger.
Significant Reduction of Laparotomy-Associated Lung Metastases and Subcutaneous Tumors After Perioperative Immunomodulation with Flt3 Ligand in Mice (2005)

Laparotomy has been associated with increased rates of tumor establishment and metastasis formation postoperatively in animal models. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact on postoperative tumor growth of perioperative upregulation of immune function via fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3 ligand). Two murine studies were carried out: the first utilized a lung metastases model, and the second involved a subcutaneous tumor model. Each study included four groups: anesthesia control (AC), AC plus Flt3 ligand (ACFlt3), sham laparotomy (OP), and OP plus Flt3 ligand (OPFlt3). Flt3 ligand was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection (10 mug/dose) beginning 5 days preoperatively and continuing for 1 week postoperatively. In study 1, A/J mice were given tail vein injections of 1.5 x 10(5) TA3Ha cancer cells on the day of surgery. The mice were sacrificed 14 days after surgery, the lungs processed, and the surface metastases counted by a blinded observer. In study 2 C3H/He mice were given a dorsal subcutaneous injection of 10(4) MC-2 cancer cells on the day of surgery. The mice were sacrificed 31 days after surgery, and the injection sites were evaluated for subcutaneous tumors grossly and histologically. In study 1, the median number of surface lung metastases per mouse was 166 in the OP group and 38 in the OPFlt3 (P = .021). Mice in the AC group developed a median 50 lung metastases per animal compared with mice in the ACFlt3 group who had a median of 10 metastases per mouse (P = .001). The OP group had significantly more metastases than the AC group (P = .048). In study 2, the percentage of animals that developed tumors in the AC, OP, ACFlt3, and OPFlt3 groups was 43, 80, 0, and 20, respectively. The incidence of tumors in the OPFLt3 group and the ACFlt3 group was significantly less than their respective control groups (P < .01). The difference between the OP and AC groups was not significant (P > .05). Perioperatively administered Flt3 ligand was associated with significantly fewer lung metastases and a lower incidence of subcutaneous tumor formation after laparotomy and anesthesia alone. Perioperative immunomodulation may limit untoward surgery-related oncologic effects.
Stimulation, Monitoring, and Analysis of Pathway Dynamics by Metabolic Profiling in the Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway (2004)

Using a concerted approach of biochemical standard preparation, analytical access via LC-MS/MS, glucose pulse, metabolic profiling, and statistical data analysis, the metabolism dynamics in the aromatic amino acid pathway has been stimulated, monitored, and analyzed in different tyrosine-auxotrophic L-phenylalanine-producing Escherichia coli strains. During the observation window from -4 s (before) up to 27 s after the glucose pulse, the dynamics of the first five enzymatic reactions in the aromatic amino acid pathway was observed by measuring intracellular concentrations of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate DAH(P), 3-dehydroquinate (3-DHQ), 3-dehydroshikimate (3-DHS), shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P), and shikimate (SHI), together with the pathway precursors phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and P5P, the lumped pentose phosphate pool as an alternative to the nondetectable erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P). Provided that a sufficient fortification of the carbon flux into the pathway of interest is ensured, respective metabolism dynamics can be observed. On the basis of the intracellular pool measurements, the standardized pool velocities were calculated, and a simple, data-driven criterion--called "pool efflux capacity" (PEC)--is derived. Despite its simplifying system description, the criterion managed to identify the well-known AroB limitation in the E. coli strain A (genotype delta(pheA tyrA aroF)/pJF119EH aroF(fbr) pheA(fbr) amp) and it also succeeded to identify AroL and AroA (in strain B, genotype delta(pheA tyrA aroF)/pJF119EH aroF(fbr) pheA(fbr) aroB amp) as promising metabolic engineering targets to alleviate respective flux control in subsequent L-Phe producing strains. Furthermore, using of a simple correlation analysis, the reconstruction of the metabolite sequence of the observed pathway was enabled. The results underline the necessity to extend the focus of glucose pulse experiments by studying not only the central metabolism but also anabolic pathways.
Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting (1999)

With fast 3D graphics becoming more and more available even on low end platforms, the focus in hardware-accelerated rendering is beginning to shift towards higher quality rendering and additional functionality instead of simply higher performance implementations based on the traditional graphics pipeline. In this paper we present techniques for realistic shading and lighting using computer graphics hardware. In particular, we discuss multipass methods for high quality local illumination using physically-based reflection models, as well as techniques for the interactive visualization of non-diffuse global illumination solutions. These results are then combined with normal mapping for increasing the visual complexity of rendered images. Although the techniques presented in this paper work at interactive frame rates on contemporary graphics hardware, we also discuss some modifications of the rendering pipeline that help to further improve both performance and quality of the proposed met...
Rheological properties of polymer‐added lubricating oils (1988)

Abstract Rheological measurements of polyisobutylene solutions are presented. A mineral oil of low viscosity has been used as solvent. The combined effects of concentration, molecular weight and temperature were studied. It is found that the rheological data, when plotted as N 1 λ E /(η‐η s ) versus λ E γ fall on a master curve over several decades of the dimensionless shear rate, irrespective of temperature, polymer concentration and molecular weight. The findings of this work can be used to address the problem of hydrodynamic lubrication of a journal bearing using a viscoelastic lubricant.
Comparison of flexible and rigid hand-grip control during a feed-forward visual tracking task (2015)

Repetitive retraining of grip function is critical for stroke patients to regain functional abilities. Therefore, we have developed `GripAble', a low-cost but sensitive hand-grip promoting independent and repetitive rehabilitation of grasp function based around a novel flexible structure. An initial usability study was performed on (N = 34) healthy subjects to compare user interaction between this flexible structure and an equivalent completely rigid version during a predictive feed-forward visual tracking task. Results indicate that at similar or higher tracking performance level, there was a highly significant user preference for the flexible hand-grip with over 62% of subjects preferring it compared to 26% for the rigid device.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Acylisoxazole Derivatives from Triformylmethane. (1989)

Abstract 4‐Isoxazolecarbaldehyde oxime (III) is prepared from either triformylmethane (I) or its tris(dimethylamino) derivative (IV) and hydroxylamine (II).
Antigenic relationship of N2-fixing Pseudomonas strain H8 to various known cultures and rice rhizosphere isolates studied by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1986)

The serological relationship of several, mainly Gram-negative, bacteria including type cultures and previously isolated rhizosphere bacteria, to Pseudomonas sp. strain H8, a N 2 -fixing rhizosphere isolate from Maahas soil, was examined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. None cross-reacted significantly with H8 antibody except some of those rhizosphere bacteria previously found cross-reactive by fluorescent antibody test. Several new rhizosphere isolates from wetland rice grown in various fields showed significant immunoreactivity, and most of the reactive bacteria reduced acetylene. However, the cultural characteristics and acetylene reduction activity of most of these isolates were different from those of H8. None of the rhizosphere isolates from dryland rice cross-reacted. In a pot experiment, bacterial cultures similar to H8 were found only in Maahas soil, but none reacted with antibodies against strains H8 and KLH76 (another N 2 -fixing pseudomonad from rice root). Other isolates showing reaction with these antibodies were, however, neither culturally similar to these strains nor N 2 fixing. The data suggest that Pseudomonas sp. H8 is not distributed widely in soils other than that from which it was originally isolated.
Higher-order ferromagnetic resonances in out-of-plane saturated Co/Au magnetic multilayers (2020)

Artificial ferromagnetic (FM)/nonmagnetic multilayers, with large enough FM thickness to prevent the dominance of interface anisotropies, offer a straightforward insight into the understanding and control of perpendicular standing spin wave (PSSW) modes. Here we present a study of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of ${[\mathrm{Co}(3.0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/\mathrm{Au}(0.6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})]}_{1\ensuremath{\le}N\ensuremath{\le}30}$ multilayers. Magnetometry reveals that the samples exhibit magnetization reversal properties typical of an effective single layer with weak perpendicular anisotropy, with the distinctive thickness-dependent magnetization reorientation transition from uniform in-plane to out-of-plane stripe domains at remanence. However, when such multilayer systems are out-of-plane saturated, the dynamic response reveals the existence of several different ferromagnetic resonances in the form of PSSW modes that strongly depend on the material modulation characteristics along the total thickness. These modes are induced by the layer stacking itself as the effective single layer model fails to describe the observed complex dynamics. In contrast to most systems considered in the past, described by a dynamic model of a single effectively homogeneous thick layer, the specific structures investigated here provide a unique platform for a large degree of tunability of the mode frequencies and amplitude profiles. We argue that the combination of periodic magnetic properties with vertical deformation gradients, arising from heteroepitaxial strain relaxation, converts the Au interlayer regions into a vertical regular array of magnetic pinning planes for the PSSW modes, which promotes the complex dynamics observed in this system.
Order statistic filter banks (1996)

Filter banks play a major role in multirate signal processing where these have been successfully used in a variety of applications. In the past, filter banks have been developed within the framework of linear filters. It is well known, however, that linear filters may have less than satisfactory performance whenever the underlying processes are non-Gaussian. We introduce the nonlinear class of order statistic (OS) filter banks that exploit the spectral characteristics of the input signal as well as its rank-ordering structure. The attained subband signals provide frequency and rank information in a localized time interval. OS filter banks can lead to significant gains over linear filter banks, particularly when the input signals contain abrupt changes and details, as is common with image and video signals. OS filter banks are formed using traditional linear filter banks as fundamental building blocks. It is shown that OS filter banks subsume linear filter banks and that the latter are obtained by simple linear transformations of the former. To illustrate the properties of OS filter banks, we develop simulations showing that the learning characteristics of the LMS algorithm, which are used to optimize the weight taps of OS filters, can be significantly improved by performing the adaptation in the OS subband domain.
Ein sechskerniger Gold(I)‐Komplex: [{(Ph3PAu)2C(PPh2AuPPh2)}2](ClO4)2 (1994)

Blaßgelb, luft‐ und feuchtigkeitsbeständig ist der sechskernige Au 1 ‐Komplex 1 mit zentralem Au 2 C 2 P 4 ‐Achtring, an dessen C‐Atome zusätzlich jeweils zwei AuPPh 3 ‐Gruppen gebunden sind. Die Au‐Au‐Abstände in 1 sind Kurz und alle Au‐Atome linear koordiniert. magnified image
Knowledge Push Method Based on Clustering Algorithm and DSM Matrix (2021)

Abstract In the process of business execution of traditional enterprises, traditional knowledge push is difficult to provide accurate knowledge support for business execution decision-making due to the complicated business problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a knowledge-push model for business execution. Firstly, the business problems in the business process are clustered through the hierarchical clustering algorithm to ensure the cohesion of the business problems after clustering. Then DSM matrix is used to represent the coupling of clustered business problems. Finally, knowledge push is carried out on the divided business problems to provide accurate knowledge support for business executives to make business problems decisions.
Are There Any Differences Between Stress Hormone Levels in Non-Stress Conditions and in Potentional Stress Overload (Heart Catheterisation) in Sows? (2014)

In order to study a possible effect of mini-invasive heart intervention on a response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, we analyzed four stress markers (cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) in 25 sows using minimally invasive heart catheterisation as the stress factor. The marker levels were assessed in four periods of the experiment, (1) the baseline level on the day before intervention, (2) after the introduction of anesthesia, (3) after conducting tissue stimulation or ablation, and (4) after the end of the catheterisation. For statistical analyses we used the non-parametric Friedman test for four dependent samples (including all four stages of the operation) or three dependent samples (influence of operation only, baseline level was excluded). Statistically significant differences in both Friedman tests were found for cortisol and for cortisone. Significant differences for DHEA as well as for DHEAS were found for all tested stages but not for the effect of operation itself. We have concluded that cortisol levels are blunted by the influence of anesthesia after its administration, and therefore decrease back to the baseline at the end of the operation. The other markers (cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) acted as balanced systems against the injurious stress effect.