gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Rejection by Disturbing Tumor Stroma Cell Interactions (2001)

The stroma of solid tumors is a complex network of different cell types. We analyzed stroma cell interactions in two tumor models during cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced tumor rejection. In growing tumors, tumor infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) produced interleukin (IL)-10. Beginning 6 h after Cy-treatment T cells in the tumor were inactivated and TIMs switched to interferon (IFN)-gamma production. Both, IL-10 production before and IFN-gamma production after Cy-treatment by TIMs required T cells. With the same kinetics as TIMs started to produce IFN-gamma the tumor vasculature was destroyed which required IFN-gamma receptor expression on host but not tumor cells. These events preceded hemorrhagic necrosis and residual tumor cell elimination by T cells. Together, T cells regulate the function of TIMs and tumor rejection can be induced by disturbing the stroma network.
A Novel α2/α4 Subtype-selective Positive Allosteric Modulator of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Acting from the C-tail of an α Subunit (2015)

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are important therapeutic candidates as well as valuable research tools. We identified a novel type II PAM, (R)-7-bromo-N-(piperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (Br-PBTC), which both increases activation and reactivates desensitized nAChRs. This compound increases acetylcholine-evoked responses of α2* and α4* nAChRs but is without effect on α3* or α6* nAChRs (* indicates the presence of other nAChR subunits). Br-BPTC acts from the C-terminal extracellular sequences of α4 subunits, which is also a PAM site for steroid hormone estrogens such as 17β-estradiol. Br-PBTC is much more potent than estrogens. Like 17β-estradiol, the non-steroid Br-PBTC only requires one α4 subunit to potentiate nAChR function, and its potentiation is stronger with more α4 subunits. This feature enables Br-BPTC to potentiate activation of (α4β2)(α6β2)β3 but not (α6β2)2β3 nAChRs. Therefore, this compound is potentially useful in vivo for determining functions of different α6* nAChR subtypes. Besides activation, Br-BPTC affects desensitization of nAChRs induced by sustained exposure to agonists. After minutes of exposure to agonists, Br-PBTC reactivated short term desensitized nAChRs that have at least two α4 subunits but not those with only one. Three α4 subunits were required for Br-BPTC to reactivate long term desensitized nAChRs. These data suggest that higher PAM occupancy promotes channel opening more efficiently and overcomes short and long term desensitization. This C-terminal extracellular domain could be a target for developing subtype or state-selective drugs for nAChRs.
Synthesis of Cyclic Anhydrides via Ligand‐Enabled C–H Carbonylation of Simple Aliphatic Acids (2021)

The development of C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H functionalizations of free carboxylic acids has provided a wide range of versatile C-C and C-Y (Y=heteroatom) bond-forming reactions. Additionally, C-H functionalizations have lent themselves to the one-step preparation of a number of valuable synthetic motifs that are often difficult to prepare through conventional methods. Herein, we report a β- or γ-C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H carbonylation of free carboxylic acids using Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub> as a convenient solid CO source and enabled by a bidentate ligand, leading to convenient syntheses of cyclic anhydrides. Among these, the succinic anhydride products are versatile stepping stones for the mono-selective introduction of various functional groups at the β position of the parent acids by decarboxylative functionalizations, thus providing a divergent strategy to synthesize a myriad of carboxylic acids inaccessible by previous β-C-H activation reactions. The enantioselective carbonylation of free cyclopropanecarboxylic acids has also been achieved using a chiral bidentate thioether ligand.
Efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus S-1(nab-P/S-1) versus nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P/Gem) for first-line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (aPDAC): A randomized study. (2020)

717 Background: Nab-P/Gem significantly improved survival compared with gem in patients (pts) with metastatic PDAC, but the ORR was limited to 23% with increased myelosuppression. Two phase II trials demonstrated high ORR of 50.0-53.1% with nab-P/S-1 and showed less hematologic toxicity. Methods: A randomized (1:1) phase II trial was conducted. Eligibility required treatment-naïve pts with unresectable PDAC. Pts received nab-P 125mg/m 2 on day 1 + S-1 80-120mg orally per day on day 1-7 every 2 weeks or nab-P 125mg/m 2 + Gem 1000mg/m 2 on days 1,8 every 3 weeks. With an increase of ORR from 25% to 50%, 100 pts were required for 90% power at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. We enrolled 40 pts for a pilot study. Primary endpoints were ORR and 6-month PFS rate. Secondary endpoints were ORR of primary lesion, DCR, PFS, OS and safety. Results: 40 pts were enrolled between 06/2018 and 06/2019, including locally advanced (27.5%) and metastatic (72.5%) PDACs. 42.5% were male and the median age was 61 (range, 36-75) years old. The median duration of treatment was 2.3 months in nab-P/S-1 (n = 20) and 2.7 months in nab-P/Gem (n = 20). In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, the ORR and DCR were 35.0% vs 25.0% ( P= 0.49) and 70.0% vs 70.0%, respectively.The ORR of primary lesion was 30.0% vs 25.0% ( P= 0.72). In the evaluable pts (nab-P/S-1 n = 18, nab-P/Gem n = 18), the ORR, DCR and the ORR of primary lesion were 38.9% vs 27.8%, 77.8% vs 77.8% and 35.3% vs 29.4%, respectively.With the median follow-up of 5.0 (range 0.3-11.4) months, the median PFS and 6-month PFS rate was 6.3 vs 5.7 months and 56.1% vs 36.2%( P= 0.61) for nab-P/S-1 and nab-P/Gem, respectively. The median OS have not reached. Grade 3/4 toxicities occurred in 30.0% nab-P/S-1 and 30.0% nab-P/Gem: leukopenia/neutropenia(15.0% vs 25.0%), febrile neutropenia (0 vs 5.0%), rash (0 vs 5.0%) and diarrhea (10.0% vs 0). Conclusions: Compared with nab-P/Gem, nab-P/S-1 had higher ORR, ORR of primary lesion and longer PFS without significant difference. Nab-P/S-1 developed a trend towards less hematologic toxicity. Follow up for survival is ongoing. Clinical trial information: 03636308.
Steroidal alkaloids (1953)

J. McKenna, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1953, 7, 231 DOI: 10.1039/QR9530700231
User Experience and Social Presence in Intelligent Personal Assistants among Older Users (2022)

As intelligent personal assistants gain popularity, the technology sees increasing adoption by older users. The device’s use of natural language processing for human-agent interaction purportedly makes it easier for older users to adopt. However, to properly understand how older users perceive and use the devices, continuous user research is needed. To this end, we conducted a user perception, task performance, and social presence study with two standalone IPAs to assess elements of usability and user experience. Additionally, since current research indicates that the devices may help ameliorate loneliness in older populations, the present study assessed perceived social presence and its relationship to loneliness in our sample. Results indicate that older users are mostly satisfied with the device interactions regardless of their actual performance while using the devices. Finally, in our sample, loneliness was not associated with perceived social presence.
Epigenetic Regulation of TRAIL Signaling: Implication for Cancer Therapy (2019)

One of the main characteristics of carcinogenesis relies on genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic changes in histone and non-histone proteins. At the chromatin level, gene expression is tightly controlled by DNA methyl transferases, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and acetyl-binding proteins. In particular, the expression level and function of several tumor suppressor genes, or oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53 or TRAIL, have been found to be regulated by acetylation. For example, HATs are a group of enzymes, which are responsible for the acetylation of histone proteins, resulting in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation, whereas HDACs by deacetylating histones lead to chromatin compaction and the subsequent transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Direct acetylation of suppressor genes or oncogenes can affect their stability or function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have thus been developed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. While these inhibitors display anticancer properties in preclinical models, and despite the fact that some of them have been approved by the FDA, HDACi still have limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical terms. Nonetheless, combined with a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse chemical compounds or immune therapies, HDACi have been reported to work in synergy to induce tumor regression. In this review, the role of HDACs in cancer etiology and recent advances in the development of HDACi will be presented and put into perspective as potential drugs synergizing with TRAIL's pro-apoptotic potential.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity of Bis[(cyclooctadiene)(μ‐hydroxypyridinato)iridium(I)]. (1986)

Abstract Der Ir‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit stöchiometrischen Mengen der Na‐Salze der Liganden zu den kristallinen, luftempfindlichen Titelkomplexen?l).
Evaluation of a Low-irritant Washcloth for Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

アトピー性皮膚炎患者において, 低刺激性が謳われる洗浄用のボディタオル(TEIJIN製: ミクロピュア®)は, 綿100％のボディタオルと比べ使用感に差があるかどうかを評価するために, 上記2種類のボディタオルを二重盲検法によって1週間ずつ用いてもらい, 主観的に, 痒み, 泡立ち, 刺激感, 痛み, 持ちやすさ, 滑りやすさ, 汚れ落ち, ざらざら感, 総合評価の計9項目について6段階で評価してもらい, 対応のあるT検定で統計学的な検証を行った。その結果, 痒み, 泡立ち, 痛み, 持ちやすさ, 滑りやすさ, 総合評価の6項目で, 低刺激性のボディタオルの方が優れていた。
Induced end-of-life errors in a fast settling PLL (2002)

The authors present a mathematical description of the second-order type II PLL (phase-locked loop), which may deviate from ideal when undesired inputs, commonly arising in hardware, are incurred by the system. Satisfactory EOL (end-of-life) performance is guaranteed when such transients are accounted for. The authors present a methodology for predicting expected EOL LSE excursions and demonstrate the system's dependence on this parameter. A PSpice model and empirical data from a 5-GHz spaceborne PLL verify acceptable degradation at EOL when an EOL transient is present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Allograft-Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction for Massive Proximal Humeral Bone Loss in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (2017)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mutation-independent rhodopsin gene therapy by knockdown and replacement with a single AAV vector (2018)

Inherited retinal degenerations are caused by mutations in >250 genes that affect photoreceptor cells or the retinal pigment epithelium and result in vision loss. For autosomal recessive and X-linked retinal degenerations, significant progress has been achieved in the field of gene therapy as evidenced by the growing number of clinical trials and the recent commercialization of the first gene therapy for a form of congenital blindness. However, despite significant efforts to develop a treatment for the most common form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) caused by >150 mutations in the rhodopsin (<i>RHO</i>) gene, translation to the clinic has stalled. Here, we identified a highly efficient shRNA that targets human (and canine) <i>RHO</i> in a mutation-independent manner. In a single adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector we combined this shRNA with a human <i>RHO</i> replacement cDNA made resistant to RNA interference and tested this construct in a naturally occurring canine model of <i>RHO</i>-adRP. Subretinal vector injections led to nearly complete suppression of endogenous canine <i>RHO</i> RNA, while the human <i>RHO</i> replacement cDNA resulted in up to 30% of normal RHO protein levels. Noninvasive retinal imaging showed photoreceptors in treated areas were completely protected from retinal degeneration. Histopathology confirmed retention of normal photoreceptor structure and RHO expression in rod outer segments. Long-term (>8 mo) follow-up by retinal imaging and electroretinography indicated stable structural and functional preservation. The efficacy of this gene therapy in a clinically relevant large-animal model paves the way for treating patients with <i>RHO</i>-adRP.
Test plan for electrostatic curtain studies (1991)

This test plan describes experimental details of engineering-scale electrostatic curtain research experiments to be performed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in FY-91. These experiments will investigate the feasibility of using electrostatic curtains as devices to control the spread of contaminants during transuranic waste handling operations. Test objectives, detailed experimental procedures, and data quality objectives necessary to perform the FY-91 experiments are included in this plan. 11 refs.
Synthesis of trimethyl .alpha.-keto trithioorthoesters and dimethyl .alpha.-keto dithioacetals by reaction of esters with tris(methylthio)methyllithium (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of trimethyl .alpha.-keto trithioorthoesters and dimethyl .alpha.-keto dithioacetals by reaction of esters with tris(methylthio)methyllithiumMargherita Barbero, SIlvano Cadamuro, Iacopo Degani, Stefano Dughera, and Rita FochiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 19, 6017–6024Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00124a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00124a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrazo Derivatives Promoted by a TiCl3/HBr System. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Markedly enhanced susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in the absence of decay-accelerating factor protection (2002)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by loss of acetylcholine receptors (AChR's) due primarily to the production of anti-AChR autoantibodies. In this study we investigated whether the presence of decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55), an intrinsic complement regulator, protects against the development of disease. Experimental autoimmune MG was induced in Daf1–/– mice (devoid of neuromuscular DAF protein) and their Daf1+/+ littermates by injection of rat anti-AChR mAb McAb-3. After twenty-four hours, grip strength assessment revealed that Daf1–/– mice exhibited hold times of less than 30 seconds, compared with more than 8 minutes for the Daf1+/+ controls. The weakness was reversed by edrophonium, consistent with a myasthenic disorder. Immunohistochemistry revealed greatly augmented C3b deposition localized at postsynaptic junctions, and radioimmunoassays showed more profound reductions in AChR levels. Electron microscopy demonstrated markedly greater junctional damage in the Daf1–/– mice compared with the Daf1+/+ littermates. Control studies showed equivalent levels of other cell surface regulators, i.e., Crry and CD59. The results demonstrate that mice that lack DAF are markedly more susceptible to anti-AChR–induced MG, which simulates the primary mechanism in the human disease, and strongly suggest that in disease flares complement inhibitors might have therapeutic value.
Privacy Parameter Variation Using RAPPOR on a Malware Dataset (2018)

Stricter data protection regulations and the poor application of privacy protection techniques have resulted in a requirement for data-driven companies to adopt new methods of analysing sensitive user data. The RAPPOR (Randomized Aggregatable Privacy-Preserving Ordinal Response) method adds parameterised noise, which must be carefully selected to maintain adequate privacy without losing analytical value. This paper applies RAPPOR privacy parameter variations against a public dataset containing a list of running Android applications data. The dataset is filtered and sampled into small (10,000); medium (100,000); and large (1,200,000) sample sizes while applying RAPPOR with ? = 10; 1.0; and 0.1 (respectively low; medium; high privacy guarantees). Also, in order to observe detailed variations within high to medium privacy guarantees (? = 0.5 to 1.0), a second experiment is conducted by progressively adjusting the value of ? over the same populations. The first experiment verifies the original RAPPOR studies using ? = 1 with a non-existent recoverability in the small sample size, and detectable signal from medium to large sample sizes as also demonstrated in the original RAPPOR paper. Further results, using high privacy guarantees, show that the large sample size, in contrast to medium, suffers 2.75 times more in terms of recoverability when increasing privacy guarantees from ? = 1.0 to 0.8. Overall, the paper demonstrates that high privacy guarantees to restrict the analysis only to the most dominating strings.
The Dagstuhl Middle Metamodel: A Schema For Reverse Engineering (2004)

The Dagstuhl Middle Metamodel (DMM) is an extensible schema for static models of software. It is a middle-level metamodel since it captures program level entities and their relationships, rather than a full abstract syntax graph (lower level), or architectural abstractions (higher level). DMM can be used to represent models extracted from software written in most common object-oriented and procedural languages. This paper presents the main features of DMM.
Lipid Carriers for Gene Therapy (2005)

A wide variety of lipid molecules used as gene carriers has been reported and compared over the last twenty years. This review highlights a few examples of mechanistic analysis applied to the study of lipid carriers. The modular nature of the lipid structure offers itself up to a controlled, systematic analysis. Key to exploring structural variants is the understanding of the role each component and module plays in the formation of the lipoplex structure itself and their roles in the transfection pathway. Firstly, the lipid carrier must be able to package, and release into the cell its nucleic acid cargo. Uptake of lipoplexes into cells involves endocytic processes that lead inevitably to endosomal/liposomal degradation of the nucleic acid contents, unless lipid structures and designs are optimised to facilitate their release into the cytoplasm. Testing of possible endosomal escape mechanisms has led to improved lipid designs. For example, it was predicted that mixing of cationic lipids with shorter alkyl tails (<C18) from liposomes with the endosomal bilayer during the transfection process within the endosome should promote membrane fluidity, enhancing plasmid release and transfection efficiency. This hypothesis has been borne out numerous times. "Smart" molecules that respond to cellular cues such as endosomal pH have now been developed that appear to offer exciting opportunities for the future role of lipoplexes in clinical applications of gene therapy. The variability of cultured cell and model biological systems remains a challenge in designing improved lipids of general utility.
Why Frequency Domain Tests Like IEC 61000-4-19 Are Not Valid; a Call for Time Domain Testing (2019)

Testing of electrical and electronic equipment is generally performed using frequency domain tests like the IEC 61000-4-19. This standard covers the immunity to conducted, differential mode disturbances and signaling in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 150 kHz. Previous research describes several electromagnetic interference (EMI) cases in this frequency range, which cover pulsed, fast changing, current waveforms. For example cases are described where static energy meters can give misreadings when loaded with pulsed currents. Fast changing time domain signals are not covered by the standards. In this paper it is shown that the current frequency domain tests are not sufficient to determine the equipment's immunity, because of for instance non-linear effects, including saturation, digital sampling error effects and other non linear time invariant (LTI) effects.
OpenFilters: open-source software for the design, optimization, and synthesis of optical filters (2008)

The design of optical filters relies on powerful computer-assisted methods. Many of these methods are provided by commercial programs, but, in order to adapt and improve them, or to develop new methods, one needs to create his own software. To help people interested in such a process, we decided to release our in-house software, called OpenFilters, under the GNU General Public License, an open-source license. It is programmed in Python and C++, and the graphical user interface is implemented with wxPython. It allows creation of multilayer and graded-index filters and calculation of reflection, transmission, absorption, phase, group delay, group delay dispersion, color, ellipsometric variables, admittance diagram, circle diagram, electric field distribution, and generation of reflection, transmission, and ellipsometric monitoring curves. It also provides the refinement, needle, step, and Fourier transform methods.
OAC ARTHUR soybean (2001)

OAC Arthur is a 2650 crop heat unit soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar, which significantly out yielded the check cultivars, has adequate stalk strength and superior seed protein concentration. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description