gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axon diodes for the reconstruction of oriented neuronal networks in microfluidic chambers (2011)

Various experimental models are used to study brain development and degeneration. They range from whole animal models, which preserve anatomical structures but strongly limit investigations at the cellular level, to dissociated cell culture systems that allow detailed observation of cell phenotypes but lack the highly ordered physiological neuron connection architecture. We describe here a platform comprising independent cell culture chambers separated by an array of "axonal diodes". This array involves asymmetric micro-channels, imposing unidirectional axon connectivity with 97% selectivity. It allows the construction of complex, oriented neuronal networks not feasible with earlier platforms. Different neuronal subtypes could be co-cultivated for weeks, and sequential seeding of different cell populations reproduced physiological network development. To illustrate possible applications, we created and characterized a cortico-striatal oriented network. Functional synaptic connections were established. The activation of striatal differentiation by cortical axons, and the synchronization of neural activity were demonstrated. Each neuronal population and subcompartment could be chemically addressed individually. The directionality of neural pathways being a key feature of the nervous system organization, the axon diode concept brings in a paradigmatic change in neuronal culture platforms, with potential applications for studying neuronal development, synaptic transmission and neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases at the sub-cellular, cellular and network levels.
Silver telluride nanowires prepared by dc electrodeposition in porous anodic alumina templates (2002)

Silver telluride nanowire arrays were synthesized by cathodic electrolysis into porous anodic alumina membranes from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions containing 0.1 M NaNO3, 5.0 mM AgNO3 and 6.0 mM TeCl4. XRD and SAED patterns of the nanowires were indexed to be a monoclinic structure of Ag2Te. TEM images show that the nanowires have smooth surfaces with uniform diameters. Near stoichiometric Ag2Te nanowires were obtained for potentials between −0.55 and −0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, the composition of the nanowires can be controlled continuously from Ag-rich to Te-rich mainly by changing the concentration of TeCl4 in the solutions.
A Compact 14 GS/s 8-Bit Switched-Capacitor DAC in 16 nm FinFET CMOS (2020)

This paper presents a compact DAC for digital-intensive transmitter architectures. To minimize area and to leverage the strengths of FinFET CMOS, the implementation departs from the traditional current steering approach and consists mainly of inverters and sub-femtofarad switched capacitors. The 14 GS/s 8-bit design occupies only 0.011 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and supports up to 0.32 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> signal swing across its differential 100 Ω load. It achieves IM3 <; -45.3 dBc across the first Nyquist zone while consuming 50 mW from a single 0.8 V supply.
The denudation history of the onshore continental margin of SE Brazil inferred from apatite fission track data (1994)

A suite of 68 new apatite fission track analysis results from the onshore rift margin in southeast Brazil are presented. Some of the results reflect resetting related to the eruption of the Paraná continental flood basalt (∼130 Ma), and four others are directly related to Late Cretaceous magmatism (∼80 Ma). The majority of the results were obtained from Precambrian basement rocks and sediments from the Paraná Basin. The fission track ages broadly increase inland from 60–90 Ma on the coastal plain to &gt;300 Ma in the continental hinterland. The track length distributions show a characteristic trend, being negatively skewed at the coast and showing increasing bimodality inland, except for the oldest samples which are more unimodal. These trends do not reflect rift‐related heating and resetting but are the result of protracted denudation since the opening of the South Atlantic. The results are consistent with more than 3 km of exhumation on the coastal plain but little more than 1 km in the hinterland. The topographic morphology in the northern region of the study area is complex and is clearly influenced by structure and bedrock lithology. For the region further south, model calculations of the isostatic response to the denudation suggest that isostatic rebound makes a minor contribution to the long‐wavelength topography, unless the flexural rigidity is more than 10 25 N m. In this case the initial elevation of the rift margin would need to be &gt;2.5 km in order to accommodate the amount of denudation inferred from the fission track data. However, it is possible that the effective flexural rigidity varies across the margin, becoming greater in the continental interior. Alternatively, the broad scale wavelength topography may be the result of magmatic underplating related to the Paraná continental flood basalt event. If so, estimates of the volume of magma generated would need to be revised upward by as much as a factor of 5.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Reovirus Isolated from Wild Mallard Ducks in China (2014)

We report here the complete sequence of novel duck reovirus (N-DRV) strain SD12 isolated from diseased wild mallard ducklings in the Shandong Province of China in 2012. The complete genome consists of 23,420 nucleotide base pairs (bp), including 10 segments ranging from 1,191 bp (S4) to 3,959 bp (L1).
Segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in Bangladesh. (1987)

To describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (SNE) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in Bangladesh with this lesion detected at autopsy were examined and compared with two groups of diarrhoeal control patients. Gross pathology consisted of purplish or black mucosal or transmural discoloration with erosions or ulcerations in segments of the jejunum or ileum of 18 cases and of the colon alone in four cases. Two patients had intestinal perforations. Microscopically all specimens showed coagulation necrosis or haemorrhagic necrosis indicative of mucosal ischaemia. In 20 cases there was submucosal oedema and nine showed pneumatosis of the bowel. From 11, one or more of the invasive diarrhoeal pathogens Shigella, Campylobacter and Entamoeba histolytica were detected. From the comparison with controls significant associations were found for a long duration of diarrhoea, blood and mucus in stool, abdominal distension or tenderness, shock not attributable to hypovolaemia, septicaemia, and low concentration of serum protein (p less than 0.05). These findings indicated that segmental necrotising enterocolitis develops sometimes as a fatal complication of prolonged diarrhoeal illnesses associated with shock and hypoproteinaemia and is caused by ischaemic injury to the intestinal mucosa.
First-in-human trial of Stabilizer device in neuroendovascular therapy (2023)

The results from this first-in-human consecutive five cases show the safety of the Stabilizer device in neuro-endovascular therapy for navigation of devices to the intracranial target lesion.
Closest point search in lattices (2002)

In this semitutorial paper, a comprehensive survey of closest point search methods for lattices without a regular structure is presented. The existing search strategies are described in a unified framework, and differences between them are elucidated. An efficient closest point search algorithm, based on the Schnorr-Euchner (1995) variation of the Pohst (1981) method, is implemented. Given an arbitrary point x /spl isin/ /spl Ropf//sup m/ and a generator matrix for a lattice /spl Lambda/, the algorithm computes the point of /spl Lambda/ that is closest to x. The algorithm is shown to be substantially faster than other known methods, by means of a theoretical comparison with the Kannan (1983, 1987) algorithm and an experimental comparison with the Pohst (1981) algorithm and its variants, such as the Viterbo-Boutros (see ibid. vol.45, p.1639-42, 1999) decoder. Modifications of the algorithm are developed to solve a number of related search problems for lattices, such as finding a shortest vector, determining the kissing number, computing the Voronoi (1908)-relevant vectors, and finding a Korkine-Zolotareff (1873) reduced basis.
Anterior capsulotomy with an ultrashort-pulse laser (2011)

Laser anterior capsulotomy created a more precise capsule opening than CCC, and the buttons created by the laser procedure were easy to remove at the beginning of cataract surgery.
578. microRNA Inhibition Through Gapmer Activated RNase H-Mediated Degradation (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20-24 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs induce gene silencing through a conserved pathway requiring a complementary base pairing interaction between the miRNA and its target mRNA. This mode of post-transcriptional gene regulation is essential for processes such as cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. While the number of identified human miRNAs is greater than 1000, the function of most of these has yet to be characterized. A common method to assign function to a particular miRNA is to block its activity with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). These molecules contain nucleic acid modifications that in addition to enhancing their stability allow for increased affinity and specificity against their corresponding miRNA. The traditional and most commonly used inhibitory miRNA ASOs are 16-30 base pairs long, contain a phosphorothioate backbone and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) interspersed throughout the sequence to block RNase H-mediated cleavage. In this case, the LNA inhibits miRNA function by interfering with recognition of the target mRNA. Conversely, gapmer ASOs trigger degradation of the miRNA-ASO duplex by RNase H due to a longer stretch of DNA bases flanked by several LNAs on both ends. In recent studies, we compared miRNA inhibition through the use of different ASOs that function by either sequestration (mixmer ASOs) or degradation (gapmer-mediated RNase-H cleavage) while maintaining the identical sequence. Using these two types of iso-sequential ASOs we measured the dose response in cultured cells. We quantified the reduction in the miRNA using two independent methods— (1) directly by northern blot and (2) indirectly by monitoring the level of targeted mRNA. Surprisingly, our preliminary data shows that miRNA repression occurs at a lower IC50 with the gapmers compared to mixmers. We are currently investigating if the observed differences in ASO-mediated miRNA inhibition occur by differential activity against the mature miRNA species or miRNA processing and whether differential on- and off-targeting rates are associated with each. These results will have important implications for designing the most effective ASO strategies for inhibiting miRNAs for biologic discovery and therapeutics.
Biosynthesis of dopamine and serotonin in the rat brain after repeated cocaine injections: A microdissection mapping study (1993)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic cocaine on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in several rat brain regions implicated in drug reinforcement. Male rats were treated twice daily with cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) or saline for 1 week. After 42 hr of abstinence, rats were challenged with either cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) or saline, followed by the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015; 100 mg/kg, ip). Animals were decapitated 30 min after NSD-1015 and discrete brain regions were microdisected from 300 microns frozen sections. Postmortem tissue levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hyroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection and used to estimate biosynthesis of DA and 5-HT, respectively. In chronic saline-treated rats, cocaine dramatically suppressed DA and 5-HT synthesis in all forebrain regions examined, including: medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, olfactory tubercle, and basolateral amygdala. The degree of inhibition ranged from 35-65% and was more pronounced in 5-HT neurons compared to DA neurons in the same tissue sample. In general, chronic cocaine did not significantly alter basal levels of DOPA or 5-HTP; a notable exception was lateral hypothalamus, where chronic cocaine reduced basal DA synthesis to 75% of control. After repeated cocaine injections, the synthesis-inhibiting effect of a challenge injection of cocaine was attenuated in many brain areas. These data suggest that whereas acute cocaine decreases DA and 5-HT synthesis in forebrain, chronic cocaine is not neurotoxic to DA and 5-HT neurons. In addition, the mechanism(s) mediating cocaine-induced suppression of monoamine synthesis may become desensitized by chronic exposure to the drug.
Extraction and Film Properties of Kafirin from Coarse Sorghum and Sorghum DDGS by Percolation (2017)

The high cost of kafirin and zein restricts their use for bioplastic and food applications. Effective, simple, and rapid kafirin/zein isolation processes are required. Here a percolation‐type aqueous ethanol solvent extraction process from coarse meals (grits) and coarse sorghum distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS) for kafirin and zein isolation employing a low ratio of extractant to meal (2.5:1) was investigated, which is potentially applicable in the grain bioethanol industry. Postextraction filtration times were more than twice as fast using coarse meals compared with fine flours. Washing the meals prior to extraction to remove starch improved protein preparation purity to 73–85% compared with 68–72% for unwashed meals. Hence, no subsequent filtration or centrifugation step is required to clean up the kafirin/zein solution prior to solvent evaporation. With a single extraction step, kafirin/zein yields were 48% (protein basis) for DDGS and 53–70% for washed sorghum/maize meals. Cast films were used as a model bioplastic system to evaluate extracted kafirin/zein functional properties. DDGS kafirin films had rough surfaces but had the lowest water uptake and in vitro digestibility, owing to heat‐induced disulfide crosslinking during DDGS processing. Extraction by percolation using coarse meal/DDGS has potential to improve kafirin/zein viability.
Nanoscale inhomogeneity and photoacid generation dynamics in extreme ultraviolet resist materials (2018)

The development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography towards the 22 nm node and beyond depends critically on the availability of resist materials that meet stringent control requirements in resolution, line edge roughness, and sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the structure-function relationships in current EUV resist systems are not well understood. In particular, the nanoscale structures of the polymer base and the distributions of photoacid generators (PAGs) should play a critical roles in the performance of a resist system, yet currently available models for photochemical reactions in EUV resist systems are exclusively based on homogeneous bulk models that ignore molecular-level details of solid resist films. In this work, we investigate how microscopic molecular organizations in EUV resist affect photoacid generations in a bottom-up approach that describes structure-dependent electron-transfer dynamics in a solid film model. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations and stimulated annealing are used to obtain structures of a large simulation box containing poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) base polymers and triphenylsulfonium based PAGs. Our calculations reveal that ion-pair interactions govern the microscopic distributions of the polymer base and PAG molecules, resulting in a highly inhomogeneous system with nonuniform nanoscale chemical domains. Furthermore, the theoretical structures were used in combination of quantum chemical calculations and the Marcus theory to evaluate electron transfer rates between molecular sites, and then kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to model electron transfer dynamics with molecular structure details taken into consideration. As a result, the portion of thermalized electrons that are absorbed by the PAGs and the nanoscale spatial distribution of generated acids can be estimated. Our data reveal that the nanoscale inhomogeneous distributions of base polymers and PAGs strongly affect the electron transfer and the performance of the resist system. The implications to the performances of EUV resists and key engineering requirements for improved resist systems will also be discussed in this work. Our results shed light on the fundamental structure dependence of photoacid generation and the control of the nanoscale structures as well as base polymer-PAG interactions in EVU resist systems, and we expect these knowledge will be useful for the future development of improved EUV resist systems.
Comparison of the effects of the cholecystokinin‐B receptor antagonist, PD 134308, and the cholecystokinin‐A receptor antagonist, L‐364,718, on dopamine neuronal activity in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (1993)

Extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to study the effects of the cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) antagonist, L-364,718, and the CCK-B antagonist, PD 134308, on DA neuronal activity in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. Neither L-364,718 (0.1-1.6 mg/kg i.v.) nor PD 134308 (0.1-6.4 mg/kg) altered the basal firing rate of substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area DA neurons. The ability of PD 134308 and L-364,718 to alter the apomorphine-induced inhibition of substantia nigra DA neurons was assessed. Pretreatment with L-364,718 (0.6 or 4.16 mg/kg i.v.) did not shift the apomorphine dose-response curve (0.5-32 micrograms/kg i.v.). In contrast, PD 134308 (0.6 or 6.4 mg/kg i.v.) produced dose-related, significant shifts to the right of the apomorphine dose-response curves. However, these effects were small in comparison to the haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg i.p.)-induced shift of the apomorphine curve. These data suggest that in the substantia nigra there may be a tonic level of CCK release that, through actions on CCK-B receptors, may modulate DA agonist-induced inhibition of DA neuronal activity.
Immunotherapy of murine renal adenocarcinoma by systemic administration of liposomes containing the synthetic macrophage activator CGP 31362 or CGP 19835A in combination with interleukin 2 or gamma-interferon. (1992)

The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate the possibility that the systemic administration of liposomes containing synthetic macrophage activation CGP 31362 or CGP 19835 in mice which were simultaneously receiving injections of gamma-interferon or interleukin 2 would lead to enhanced regression of spontaneous lung metastases produced by syngeneic renal adenocarcinoma. The kidneys of BALB/c mice were given injections of renal adenocarcinoma cells, and 10 days later the kidney with local tumor was surgically resected. These mice were then given injections i.v. with liposomes and with gamma-interferon (s.c.) or interleukin 2 (i.p.). Systemic administration of MLV-CGP 31362 and MLV-CGP 19835A significantly reduced the number of lung metastases in nephrectomized mice. Both lung tumor burden and regional recurrence were further reduced by the s.c. injection of gamma-interferon or i.p. injection of interleukin 2. Long-term survivors were observed only in the groups of animals treated with liposomes containing macrophage activators and with lymphokines. Evaluation of host responsiveness to this immunotherapy revealed in situ activation of alveolar macrophages by administration of MLV-CGP 31362 or MLV-CGP 19835A, which was enhanced in mice also treated with interleukin 2. Normal levels of natural killer cell activity were reduced in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice but were restored subsequent to treatment with MLV-CGP 31362. These results indicate the potential usefulness of treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma by systemic administration of liposomes containing synthetic macrophage activators in combination with parental injections of lymphokines.
The Efficacy of Low Dose Edoxaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (2022)

直接作用型経口抗凝固薬（以下DOAC）が広く使用されるようになり，患者の実情に即した適応用量以外の使用も増えている．われわれも一定数で低用量のエドキサバンを選択している．2014年から2019年までに経験した静脈血栓塞栓症は528例であった．経口抗凝固薬の使用なしが105例，DOACの通常用量が249例，エドキサバン低用量が98例，ワルファリンが78例であった．低用量エドキサバン使用例についてその患者背景と出血性・血栓性の有害事象について検討した．低用量エドキサバン96症例では，中枢型40例/末梢型56例，有症状11例/無症状85例で，低用量での使用理由は出血のリスクが48例，血栓伸展予防目的が48例であった．出血リスク症例48例中3例で出血のため抗凝固を中止したが速やかに止血が得られ，再開が可能であった．低用量エドキサバンは抗凝固なし/治療用量の抗凝固療法以外の選択肢として有用であり，出血リスクが高い症例に対しても有効な治療選択肢といえる．
A PROPOSAL OF A BATTERY-LESS UHF BAND WIRELESS INCLINATION AND VIBRATION SENSOR TAG (2016)

近年，IoT（物のインターネット）と呼ばれる概念が提唱され，インフラ保守においても利用されることが期待できる．本論文では，UHF帯パッシブRFIDとセンシング技術を組み合わせることで，バッテリーレスの無線センシングを可能とする技術を提案する．ここでは，インフラ保全において重要と考えられる傾斜/振動センサの実現を目的とする．提案するバッテリーレスUHF帯無線傾斜/振動センサタグは，アンテナ特性を傾斜/振動センサにより変化させ，一体で設置される基準タグの特性と比較することで，アンテナ特性変化に起因するRFIDタグの特性変化を検出し，傾斜や振動を検出するものである．
Effects of tobacco smoke on tumor growth and radiation response of Dunning R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma in rats (2000)

BACKGROUND The influence of tobacco smoke has been investigated on the growth rate and histology of prostate cancer, both in untreated tumors and in those subjected to fractionated irradiation. METHODS Twenty-five rats were implanted bilaterally with Dunning R3327 tumor fragments at 10 weeks of age. Approximately 3 months later, they were randomly allocated to two groups, one of which was exposed to tobacco smoke for an hour each day, 5 days a week. Three weeks later the groups were further subdivided into two groups which acted as controls or were subjected to 5 daily doses of 6 Gy. The tumors were measured weekly to construct growth curves. At a fixed time, 9 weeks or 20 weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and the tumors were removed for histological evaluation of the tissue composition. Sections from each tumor were scored in a morphometric analysis of the fraction of the area of tumor that was occupied by (epithelial) tumor cells, by stroma, or by luminal spaces. In addition, the density of mast cells was assessed in adjacent sections stained with toluidine blue. RESULTS Smoking caused only minor changes in the growth rates of both the control and the irradiated tumors. At the cellular level, smoking caused a small but significant increase in the fraction of tumor cells relative to controls. Irradiation also caused a small but significant decrease in tumor cell fraction compared to controls, even after 20 weeks of regrowth. This difference was reduced in the smoking and irradiation group. The main difference observed was in the mast cell numbers. Smoking caused a 4-fold increase in mast-cell density. Irradiation caused an even greater increase (25-fold). The combination of smoking and irradiation resulted in an intermediate increase (10-fold). CONCLUSIONS Long-term smoke exposure can slightly alter the growth rate and morphology of Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma, but our study does not show a negative effect on the outcome of radiation treatment of this tumor model. We have also demonstrated a highly elevated number of mast cells in the irradiated group, and have shown that smoke exposure significantly depressed the radiation-induced enhancement of the number of mast cells. Prostate 42:253–259, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.