gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques and processes for the measurement of the resonances of small single crystals (1991)

The mechanical resonances of small oriented single crystals of materials of interest to basic science and engineering can be used to determine all the elastic moduli and the ultrasonic attenuation of these materials. To measure the resonances of the samples without introducing the resonances of the measuring system requires that the transducers be non-resonant at the frequencies of interest, and that they be well isolated from their mounts. However, for samples near 1 mm in the largest dimension, the transducer design problem becomes sever, and the signals become weak. In addition, no resonances can be missed, and, often, the symmetry class of the resonances must be known. We outline here appropriate transducer, electronics, and system designs to circumvent these problems. 10 refs., 4 figs.
Walking accessibility to neighbourhood open space in a multi-level urban environment of Hong Kong (2020)

This study presents the spatial analysis of walking accessibility to a public facility in a hilly, multi-level urban environment. Our spatial database includes street topography, physical impedances, formal crossings, and designated access points in assessing the network distance of all private residential buildings to public open space in Hong Kong. Pedestrian movement of uneven speed on walkways of varying gradients is assessed. The study concludes that, compared with our method, conventional buffer analysis and network distance analysis over-estimate the walking accessibility of private housing to neighbourhood open space in Hong Kong by about 2–8%. Despite Hong Kong’s compact built environment, about 15% of the total number of residential blocks cannot reach a neighbourhood open space within 5 minutes of walking (equivalent to the local planning standard of 400 metres of walking on a flat terrain). These open space-deficient neighbourhoods comprise mostly the affluent or middle-class households in gated housing estates and in low-rise housing, but also some neighbourhoods of underprivileged families in old urban tenement buildings. Our assessment reveals the spatial bias of land use planning policy leading to these blackspots of open space shortfall in the territory. It requires urban planners to pay attention to the geographical barriers of a pedestrian network in redressing the inequitable distribution and achieving a pedestrian-friendly 3D city.
Comparison in spatial spreads of secondary electron information between scanning ion and scanning electron microscopy (2003)

Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to compare the spatial spreads of secondary electron (SE) information in scanning ion microscopy (SIM) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under Ga ion impacts, the SEs are excited by three kinds of collision-partners, that is, projectile ion, recoiled target atom, and target electron. The latter two partners dominantly contribute to the total SE yield gamma for the materials of low atomic number Z2. For the materials of high Z2, on the other hand, the projectile ions dominantly contribute to gamma. These Z2 dependencies generally cause the gamma yield to decrease with an increasing Z2, in contrast with the SE yield delta under electron impacts. Most of the SEs are produced in the surface layer of about 5lambda in depth (lambda: the mean free path of SEs), as they are independent of the incident probe. Under 30 keV Ga ion impacts, the spatial spread of SE information is roughly as small as 10 nm, decreasing with an increasing Z2. Under 10 keV electron impacts, the SEI excited by the primary electrons has a small spatial spread of about 5lambda, but the SEII excited by the backscattered electrons has a large one of several 10 to several 100 nanometers, decreasing with an increasing Z2. The main cause of a small spread of SE information at ion impact is the short ranges of the projectile ions returning to the surface to escape as backscattered ions, the recoiled target atoms, and the target electrons in collision cascade. The 30 keV Ga-SIM imaging is better than the 10 keV SEM imaging in spatial resolution for the structure/material measurements. Here, zero-size probes are assumed.
Haze Removal of Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using Atmospheric Scattering Model-Based Haze Thickness Map (2020)

This paper presents a haze removal method for the multispectral remote sensing imagery. The proposed method estimates the haze thickness map, which represents the amount of the haze. The haze removal is performed using the atmospheric scattering model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can perform haze removal without over-dehazing and color distortion compared with existing methods.
Inhaled Insulin for Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

A 52-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus requires insulin therapy. The possible role of inhaled insulin is considered. Inhaled insulin is a short-acting insulin that has been shown to have an efficacy similar to that of subcutaneous insulin in clinical trials. However, severe hypoglycemia has occurred more frequently with inhaled insulin than with subcutaneous insulin in some trials, and the long-term safety of this form of therapy is unknown. Inhaled insulin is not recommended for smokers or for patients with underlying lung disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diazonium Functionalized Nanoparticles for Deposition on Metal Surfaces (2008)

Silica nanoparticles were surface-functionalized with diazonium groups. The reaction steps leading to the formation of the diazonium functionality were followed with IR and XPS, and the structure of the diazonium-functionalized nanoparticle was confirmed with solid state NMR. Nanoparticle size distribution was determined with DLS, SEM, and TEM. The nanoparticles were then covalently bonded to gold and iron surfaces. Their spatial distribution over the metal surface was analyzed by SEM. Diazonium modification of nanoparticles represents a new method for the covalent attachment of nanoparticles to metal surfaces.
Structure and Stability of B5, B5+, and B5‐ Clusters (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Improved Processing and Evaluation of Silicon Nitride (1991)

The goals of this program are to develop and demonstrate significant improvements in processing methods, process controls, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) which can be commercially implemented to produce high-reliability silicon nitride components for advanced heat engine applications at temperatures to 1370°C. Achievement of this goal is being sought by • The use of silicon nitride - 4% yttria composition which is consolidated by glass encapsulated HIP’ping. • The generation of baseline tensile strength data from an initial process route involving injection molding. • Fabrication of tensile test bars by colloidal techniques, e.g. injection molding and colloidal consolidation. • Identification of (critical) flaw populations through NDE and fractographic analysis of tensile bars. • Correlation of measured tensile strength with flaw populations and process parameters. • Minimization of these flaws through innovative improvements in process methods and controls. The program goals are: • mean room temperature tensile strength of 900 MPa and Weibull modulus of 20; • mean 1370°C fast fracture tensile strength of 500 MPa; • mean 1230°C tensile stress rupture life of 100 hours at 350 MPa. This report describes the progress made to date in developing injection molding and colloidal consolidation processes for the net shape forming (NSF) of tensile bars, nondestructive evaluation of processed material, and tensile testing of net shape bars in green and densified states.
Phase Behavior of Aqueous Dispersions of Colloidal Boehmite Rods (1994)

We report the phase behavior of aqueous dispersions containing rodlike boehmite particles with two different average lengths, 130 and 280 nm, with length-to-width ratios of approximately 8 and 20, over&#13;\na range of ionic strengths. At low salt concentrations, where the particle interaction is predominantly repulsive, a separation into an isotropic upper phase and a birefringent lower phase occurs in the system containing the high-aspect-ratio particles. This phase separation was not observed in the case of dispersions&#13;\ncontaining the shorter particles. This seems to indicate that the phase separation is driven by the excluded volume effect. Above a critical (low) particle concentration, the repulsive 280 nm longrods form a monophasic&#13;\nbirefringent glassy phase. This concentration is much lower than that at the isotropic-nematic transition as predicted from Onsager’s theory for charged rods. Above a critical ionic strength a regime is entered where the phase behavior is largely governed by the attractive interaction. Then for both aspect ratios a space-filling amorphous gel is formed.
Theory of Precipitation Effects on Dead Cylindrical Fuels (1972)

Abstract Numerical and analytical solutions of the Fickian diffusion equation were used to determine the effects of precipitation on dead cylindrical forest fuels. The analytical solution provided a physical framework. The numerical solutions were then used to refine the analytical solution through a similarity argument. The theoretical solutions predicted realistic rates of water exchange and the internal distribution of the water. The theory also (1) predicted that precipitation duration rather than amount or rate determined the amount of water uptake and (2) provided a function useful in practical applications. Forest Sci. 18:98-108.
Study of natural health product–drug adverse reactions (S.O.N.A.R.) in patients seeking mental health services (2016)

Nearly one-fifth of patients seeking mental health services take N.H.P.s and prescription drugs concurrently; these patients are also at a greater risk of experiencing an A.E. Active surveillance provides a valuable means of detecting such A.E.s and can be incorporated into the medical histories obtained by clinicians.
Antiproliferative effect of the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK‐J4 in chondrosarcomas (2019)

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common malignant bone sarcoma. Its treatment remains an issue, because this tumor is radio- and chemo-resistant. In the present study, we investigated the antitumoral potential of GSK-J4, a small molecule described as an inhibitor of histone demethylases UTX and JMJD3 (KDM6A and KDM6B), alone or in combination with cisplatin in CSs. Human CS-derived cell lines were treated with GSK-J4 in the presence or not of cisplatin. Survival curves were established and cell proliferation and cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry using dividing cell tracking technique utilizing carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, or DNA staining by propidium iodide. Apoptosis and senescence were also investigated. GSK-J4 decreased proliferation of CS cells. Additionally, it induced apoptosis in CH2879 and JJ012 cells, but not in SW1353 CSs. In addition, its association with cisplatin decreased cell proliferation more than drugs alone, whereas it did not increase apoptosis compared to cisplatin alone. Interestingly, GSK-J4 alone as well as in association with cisplatin did not affect chondrocyte survival or proliferation. In conclusion, this study suggests that demethylase inhibitors may be useful in improving therapy for CS in reducing its proliferation.
Scaling ASR Improves Zero and Few Shot Learning (2022)

With 4.5 million hours of English speech from 10 different sources across 120 countries and models of up to 10 billion parameters, we explore the frontiers of scale for automatic speech recognition.We propose data selection techniques to efficiently scale training data to find the most valuable samples in massive datasets.To efficiently scale model sizes, we leverage various optimizations such as sparse transducer loss and model sharding.By training 1-10B parameter universal English ASR models, we push the limits of speech recognition performance across many domains.Furthermore, our models learn powerful speech representations with zero and few-shot capabilities on novel domains and styles of speech, exceeding previous results across multiple in-house and public benchmarks.For speakers with disorders due to brain damage, our best zero-shot and few-shot models achieve 22% and 60% relative improvement on the AphasiaBank test set, respectively, while realizing the best performance on public social media videos.Furthermore, the same universal model reaches equivalent performance with 500x less in-domain data on the SPGISpeech financial-domain dataset.
Falsely high ionized magnesium results by an ion-selective electrode method in severe hypomagnesemia. (1997)

Changes in serum total and ionized magnesium (Mg and Mg2+) and calcium (Ca and Ca2+) were monitored in three patients who transiently developed severe (total Mg < 0.50 mmol/l) to profound hypomagnesemia (total Mg < 0.35 mmol/l) due to cisplatin or interleukin-2 therapies. Mg2+ and Ca2+ were measured with the Nova ion-selective electrodes at 37 degrees C and all results were normalized to pH 7.40. Independent of the etiology, the Mg2+ fraction (Mg2+/total Mg) increased as the concentration of the serum total Mg decreased in all three patients. When the total Mg was around or below 0.35 mmol/l the Mg2+ approached or exceeded total Mg, suggesting an error in the measurement of Mg2+. The findings were extended by including a group of 31 additional patients whose serum total Mg, Mg2+, total Ca, and Ca2+ concentrations varied from abnormally low to above normal. The serum total and ionized concentrations strongly correlated for both Mg (r2 = 0.88) and Ca (r2 = 0.92). The Mg2+ fraction rapidly increased with a fall in the total Mg concentration (r2 = 0.76) and total Mg/total Ca ratio (r2 = 0.71). In fact, with decreasing total Mg concentrations or total Mg/total Ca ratios, the Mg2+ fraction progressively increased to 93-128% of the total, confirming an error in the Mg2+ determinations. The Ca2+ fraction showed a slight and insignificant decrease with falling total Ca concentrations and total Mg/total Ca ratios. The Mg2+ concentration was directly related (r2 = 0.62), whereas the Ca2+ concentration showed a complex relationship to the total Mg/total Ca ratio. Whether this latter relationship represents a technical artifact or a true biological phenomenon requires further study. The apparent overestimation of Mg2+ at very low total Mg concentrations, and in the presence of a very low total Mg/total Ca ratio, could be due to improper chemometric correction of the Ca effect on the Mg electrode, non-linearity, and inadequate calibration. Whatever the mechanism, the failure of this method to correctly measure very low serum Mg2+ concentrations in the sera of patients with severe hypomagnesemia, or likely in any patient with an unusually low total Mg/total Ca ratio, erodes its diagnostic usefulness.
Image-based modeling and rendering of architecture with interactive photogrammetry and view-dependent texture mapping (1998)

We overview an approach to modeling and rendering architectural scenes from a sparse set of photographs. The approach is designed to require no special hardware and to produce real-time renderings on standard graphics hardware. The modeling method is an interactive photogrammetric modeling tool for recovering geometric models of architectural scenes from photographs. The tool is practical as an interactive method because it solves directly for architectural dimensions rather than for a multitude of vertex coordinates or depth measurements. The technique also determines the camera positions of the photographs, allowing the photographs to be taken from arbitrary unrecorded locations. The rendering method creates novel views of the scene based on the recovered model and the original photographs. A view-dependent texture mapping method allows all available image information to be used to produce the most photorealistic renderings. We focus on a number of results and applications of the method.
Surface segregation of bulk oxygen on oxidation of epitaxially grown Nb-doped SrTiO3 on SrTiO3(001) (2002)

We studied the epitaxy of 10 mol % Nb:SrTiO3 on a SrTiO3(100) substrate under an interrupted pulsed-laser-deposition condition. By monitoring the recovery behaviors of reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity and an optical reflectance difference signal from the growth surface, we observed that, at temperatures above 630 °C, the oxidation of an as-deposited Nb:SrTiO3 monolayer was achieved by the diffusion of oxygen vacancies in the monolayer into the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.n.1]alkenediones. (2011)

Abstract The Dieckmann‐type reaction permits the access to the core of numerous natural products.
논문 : 동아시아 지역 국가의 성장요인과 R & D 파급효과 분석 ( 경제학문헌연보 주제분류 : F1 , O4 ) (1998)

본 연구는 동아시아지역의 성장요인 가운데 동아시아지역에서 TFP의 증가와 선진국으로부터의 R&D 자본스톡 증가로 인한 파급효과와의 관계를 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 논문에서는 1971-1993년의 기간 동안에 동아시아지역 경제성장의 주요 결정요인을 분석하는 데 단순한 초월대수함수 형태에 의하여 총요소생산성(TFP)을 추정하였다. 자본의 평균비중은 일본, 한국, 대만의 순으로 높으며 노동의 평균 비중은 말레이시아, 태국, 대만의 순으로 높다. 산출량의 증가에 대한 기여도에서 노동의 기여도가 태국이 2.4%로 가장 높고, 말레이시아가 1.1%로 가장 낮다. 한편, 자본축적의 기여도에서 일본, 싱가포르와 한국은 각각 5.6%, 4.3%와 4.0%로 높은 반면에 말레이시아는 2.8%로 낮다. 동아시아지역의 경우에 미국으로부터의 R&D 파급효과 (spillover effect)가 크다. 예를 들면, 미국의 R&D자본스톡의 1% 증가는 동아시아 4개 국가들의 총요소생산성을 평균 2.7% 증가시킨다. 또한 일본의 R&D스톡의 1% 증가는 일본을 제외한 동아시아 국가들의 총요소생산성을 평균 2.54% 증가시킨다. 반면에 영국, 독일, 프랑스의 R&D스톡의 증가는 이들 국가에 미치는 효과가 1.3%, 0.5%, 0.38%로 미약하다.
Porcine intestinal innate lymphoid cells and lymphocyte spatial context revealed through single-cell RNA sequencing (2022)

ABSTRACT Intestinal lymphocytes are crucial members of the mucosal immune system with impact over outcomes of intestinal health versus dysbiosis. Resolving intestinal lymphocyte complexity and function is a challenge, as the intestine provides cellular snapshots of a diverse spectrum of immune states. In pigs, intestinal lymphocytes are poorly described relative to humans or traditional model species. Enhanced understanding of porcine intestinal lymphocytes will promote food security and improve utility of pigs as a biomedical model for intestinal research. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to provide transcriptomic profiles of lymphocytes in porcine ileum, with 31,983 cells annotated into 26 cell types. Deeper interrogation revealed previously undescribed cells in porcine intestine, including SELL hi γδ T cells, group 1 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and four subsets of B cells. Single-cell transcriptomes in ileum were compared to those in porcine blood, and subsets of activated lymphocytes were detected in ileum but not periphery. Comparison to scRNA-seq human and murine ileum data revealed a general consensus of ileal lymphocytes across species. Lymphocyte spatial context in porcine ileum was conferred through differential tissue dissection prior to scRNA-seq. Antibody-secreting cells, B cells, follicular CD4 αβ T cells, and cycling T/ILCs were enriched in ileum with Peyer’s patches, while non-cycling γδ T, CD8 αβ T, and group 1 ILCs were enriched in ileum without Peyer’s patches. scRNA-seq findings were leveraged to develop advanced toolsets for further identification of ILCs in porcine ileum via flow cytometry and in situ staining. Porcine ileal ILCs identified via scRNA-seq did not transcriptionally mirror peripheral porcine ILCs (corresponding to natural killer cells) but instead had gene signatures indicative of tissue- and activation-specific functions, indicating potentially similar roles to intestinal ILCs identified in humans. Overall, the data serve as a highly-resolved transcriptomic atlas of the porcine intestinal immune landscape and will be useful in further understanding intestinal immune cell function.
RETINAL MORPHOMETRY CHANGES MEASURED WITH SPECTRAL DOMAIN-OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AFTER PAN-RETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (2015)

Pan-retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy leads to a slowly reversible, marked biological response with statistically significant morphometric changes detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Swelling of the retinal nerve fiber and outer nuclear layers induce an increase in peripapillary total retinal thickness. Simultaneously, the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium layers decrease in thickness. These changes indicate diffuse retinal inflammation after pan-retinal laser therapy.
Investigation of Polymer Resin/Fiber Compatibility in Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Automotive Materials (2010)

Natural fibers represent a lower density and potentially lower cost alternative to glass fibers for reinforcement of polymers in automotive composites. The high specific modulus and strength of bast fibers make them an attractive option to replace glass not only in non-structural automotive components, but also in semi-structural and structural components. Significant barriers to insertion of bast fibers in the fiber reinforced automotive composite market include the high moisture uptake of this lignocellulosic material relative to glass and the weak inherent interface between natural fibers and automotive resins. This work seeks to improve the moisture uptake and resin interfacing properties of natural fibers through improved fundamental understanding of fiber physiochemical architecture and development of tailored fiber surface modification strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, STRUCTURES, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO PRODUCTS FROM THE IODINATION OF (PHTHALOCYANINATO)IRON(II) (1985)

Abstract Die Oxidation von (I) mit Iod liefert durch Reaktion mit dem Lösungsmittel die neue Verbindung (II) (RG PT, Z=1) sowie (III) (RG P4/mcc, Z=2), das aus einer Molekülkette besteht, in der Metall über Metall gestapelt ist.
Digital Reconstruction Supporting Investigation of Mishaps (2010)

In support of investigations of mishaps like the crash of the space shuttle Columbia, a process based on digital reconstruction from recovered components has been developed. The process is expected to reduce the need for physical reconstruction from recovered parts, reduce the time and cost of determining the cause of a mishap, and provide information useful in redesigning to prevent future mishaps. The process involves utilization of pre-existing techniques, hardware, and software to capture sizes and shapes of recovered parts in sets of digital data. The data are manipulated to enable rendering of captured geometric information by use of computer-aided design (CAD) and viewing software. The digitization of a part and study of its spatial relationship with other parts is taken to one of three levels of successively greater detail, depending on its importance to the investigation. The process includes a trajectory-analysis subprocess in which information from the digital reconstruction is combined with locations of recovered parts to reduce the area that must be searched to find other specified parts that have not yet been recovered. The digital product of the process is compatible with preexisting CAD and solid-model-rendering software.
ChemInform Abstract: A New, Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Bisindolylmaleimides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Attack on Okamoto et al.'s New Short Signature Schemes. (2005)

We present an attack on a new short signature scheme from bilinear pairing proposed by Okamoto et al. at ITCC’05. We show that any one can derive the secret key of the signer from any two messagesignature pairs and so can forge the signer’s signature for any message. This means the scheme is totally broken.