gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR double-quantum spin decoupling in solids (1978)

The problem of spin-decoupling spin $I=1$ nuclear with large quadrupolar splittings ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q}$ (e.g. deuterium) from dilute $S$ spins via double-quantum transitions is dealt with. The normal two-spin-\textonehalf{} single-quantum decoupling problem ($I=\frac{1}{2}$, $S=\frac{1}{2}$) is first dealt with as a reminder of the coherent averaging approach and to understand the dependence of the $S$-resonance linewidth on the $I$ rf field intensity (${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$) and resonance offset ($\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$). The double-quantum problem ($I=1$, $S=\frac{1}{2}$) is then treated analogously by introducing fictitious spin-\textonehalf{} operators for the $I$ double-quantum transition. The decoupling condition is found to be very sensitive to the spin-$I$ resonance condition and to go as $\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}^{4}}$ with the spin-$I$ rf field intensity at resonance in the double-quantum regime (${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}\ensuremath{\ll}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q}$). Experimental examples on heavy ice, dimethylsulfoxide-${d}_{6}$ and benzene-${d}_{6}$ are presented verifying the quantitative theoretical predictions. Extensions to higher-order multiple-quantum effects for spin $I&gt;1$ and for several coupled spin-\textonehalf{} nuclei are discussed.
Arbitrary-Oriented Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery with Single Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Vehicle detection with orientation estimation in aerial images has received widespread interest as it is important for intelligent traffic management. This is a challenging task, not only because of the complex background and relatively small size of the target, but also the various orientations of vehicles in aerial images captured from the top view. The existing methods for oriented vehicle detection need several post-processing steps to generate final detection results with orientation, which are not efficient enough. Moreover, they can only get discrete orientation information for each target. In this paper, we present an end-to-end single convolutional neural network to generate arbitrarily-oriented detection results directly. Our approach, named Oriented_SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector, SSD), uses a set of default boxes with various scales on each feature map location to produce detection bounding boxes. Meanwhile, offsets are predicted for each default box to better match the object shape, which contain the angle parameter for oriented bounding boxes’ generation. Evaluation results on the public DLR Vehicle Aerial dataset and Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery (VEDAI) dataset demonstrate that our method can detect both the location and orientation of the vehicle with high accuracy and fast speed. For test images in the DLR Vehicle Aerial dataset with a size of 5616 × 3744 , our method achieves 76.1% average precision (AP) and 78.7% correct direction classification at 5.17 s on an NVIDIA GTX-1060.
ESTERS OF AMINOBENZOIC ACIDS. (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESTERS OF AMINOBENZOIC ACIDS.Harvey C. BrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1921, 43, 6, 1320–1323Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1921https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01439a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01439a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of GnT-V knockdown on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the SMMC7721/R human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cell line (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a commonly occurring malignant tumor, with a high incidence rate. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of knocking down the N‑glycosyltransferase‑V (GnT‑V) protein on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the human HCC drug‑resistant cell line, SMMC7721/R. SMMC7721/R cells with GnT‑V‑knockdown (SMMC‑7721/R‑GnT‑V) were constructed using the method of lentiviral transfection. The expression of GnT‑V was assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting. Cell proliferation was determined using an MTT assay, and the extent of cellular apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometric analysis. Additionally, the metastatic ability of the cells in vitro was analyzed using cell adhesion and invasion assays. Western blotting was used to investigate the protein expression levels of caspase‑3, caspase‑9, Bcl‑2, Bax, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9, and RT‑qPCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of the genes for the breast cancer resistance protein and P‑glycoprotein in the SMMC‑7721/R cells. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that the knockdown of GnT‑V significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion (P<0.05) of the SMMC‑7721/R cells. Furthermore, the possible mechanism underlying these phenomena may be associated with the induction of mitochondria‑mediated apoptosis, inhibition of the degradation of the extracellular matrix and an enhancement of the drug-sensitivity. GnT‑V‑knockdown may therefore be used to treat drug‑resistant HCC in the future.
Plane ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators (2002)

Two prototypes of plane ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators were experimentally constructed, and the fundamental characteristics were measured. The vibration mode of actuators was also analyzed by ANSYS, and compared with the experimental results. An ultrasonic piezoelectric actuator has the advantage of compactness and standstill force without excitation. >
PD-1 blockade improves Kupffer cell bacterial clearance in acute liver injury (2020)

Patients with acute liver failure (ALF) have systemic innate immune suppression and increased susceptibility to infections. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression by macrophages has been associated with immune suppression during sepsis and cancer. We therefore examined the role of the programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway in regulating Kupffer cell (KC) inflammatory and antimicrobial responses in acetaminophen-induced (APAP-induced) acute liver injury. Using intravital imaging and flow cytometry, we found impaired KC bacterial clearance and systemic bacterial dissemination in mice with liver injury. We detected increased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in KCs and lymphocyte subsets, respectively, during injury resolution. Gene expression profiling of PD-1+ KCs revealed an immune-suppressive profile and reduced pathogen responses. Compared with WT mice, PD-1-deficient mice and anti-PD-1-treated mice with liver injury showed improved KC bacterial clearance, a reduced tissue bacterial load, and protection from sepsis. Blood samples from patients with ALF revealed enhanced PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by monocytes and lymphocytes, respectively, and that soluble PD-L1 plasma levels could predict outcomes and sepsis. PD-1 in vitro blockade restored monocyte functionality. Our study describes a role for the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in suppressing KC and monocyte antimicrobial responses after liver injury and identifies anti-PD-1 immunotherapy as a strategy to reduce infection susceptibility in ALF.
BT resin laminate for high heat resistant multilayer printed circuit boards (1979)

It is undeniable that highly integrated semi-conduction and high density packaging technology have greatly contributed to the progress of today's electronics industry. We have developed a process for manufacturing high heat resistant and high density multilayer printed circuit boards (MLPCB) from BT Resin. BT Resin offers excellent high heat resistance and dielectric properties. It also exhibits outstanding performance when it is used as a laminate component. Discussed in this paper are: characteristics of BT materials, a process for the chemical treatment of copper foil, drilling property, and dimensional stability of a new type of glass fabrics. The reliability of BT Resin MLPCB has been confirmed.
Spatio-temporal pattern recognition of dendritic spines and protein dynamics using live multichannel fluorescence microscopy (2016)

Actin-regulating proteins, such as cofilin, are essential in regulating the shape of dendritic spines, and synaptic plasticity in both neuronal functionality as well as in neurodegeneration related to aging. The analysis of the motility of cofilin in fluorescence video-microscopy allows the discovery of its effects on cell functions. However, the flow of cofilin has not been analyzed to date by automatic means. This paper presents a novel automated pattern recognition system to analyze protein trafficking in neurons. Using spatio-temporal information present in multichannel fluorescence videos, the system generates a temporal maximum intensity projection that enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of important biological structures, segments and tracks dendritic spines, and quantifies the flux and density of proteins in spines. The temporal dynamics of spines is used to generate spine energy images which are used to automatically classify the shape of dendritic spines as stubby, mushroom, or thin. By tracking these spines over time and using their intensity profiles, the system is able to analyze the flux patterns of cofilin and other fluorescently stained proteins. The cofilin flux patterns is found to be correlated with the dynamically changing dendritic spine shapes. The results are presented using multichannel fluorescence videos.
The relationship between tunable optical absorption and SERS activity of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (2021)

Abstract The optical characteristics of Ag/ZnO composite nanostructures have long been of particular interest and, thus, the subject of broad experimental and theoretical studies. This work is focused on the synthesis and properties of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites and demonstrates the possibility of their application as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in detection of pesticides. The samples were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of ZnO thin films, followed by Ag + -ion implantation in the ZnO matrix and by laser annealing of the heterostructures produced. The morphology and properties of the samples were studied with respect to the processing parameters. The optical absorption studies revealed the existence of tunable surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles in the ZnO matrix. Theoretical calculations of the optical properties, as extinction, absorption and scattering efficiencies, were performed based on a generalized multi-particle Mie (GMM) approach. The simulated system assumed in this comparative study consists of a surface-embedded ensemble of silver nanoparticles in a ZnO surrounding media and in air. The simulated structures were reproduced from the corresponding SEM images after laser annealing at 355 nm and 532 nm.
Improved antigenicity of the HIV env protein by cleavage site removal (1988)

The HIV env glycoprotein mediates virus infection and cell fusion through an interaction with the CD4 molecule present at the surface of T4+ lymphocytes. Although env presents a major antigenic target, vaccinia recombinants expressing env elicit low titres of anti-env antibody (Kieny et al., Bio/Technology, 4, 790-795, 1986). To delimit the functional domains of env and to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccinia recombinants we constructed variants expressing env proteins in which the site permitting cleavage of the gp160 precursor to yield gp120 and gp41 was removed, the gp120 and gp41 moieties separated or in which the signal sequence and hydrophobic domains were replaced by equivalents from rabies virus G. Analysis of variants revealed that the gp120 moiety is alone capable of interacting with CD4 and of provoking aggregation of T4+ lymphocytes, whereas cell-associated gp41 liberated by gp160 cleavage was essential for cell fusion. The identity of the signal and transmembrane zones however appeared unimportant. Although removal of the consensus sequence permitting cleavage of gp160 prevented syncytium formation but not aggregation of T4+ lymphocytes, significant cleavage continued to take place. Removal of a second potential cleavage site blocked gp160 cleavage. The live viruses were examined for immunogenicity: recombinant 1139 which lacks both putative cleavage sites was found to elicit a 10-fold higher antibody response in experimental animals than the parental recombinant.
Critical concentrations of copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium in soils based on nitrification (2002)

The nitrification process is sensitive to some heavy metals and, therefore, it can serve as bioindicator of their toxicity in soils. Previous work with zinc (Zn) has shown that its water extractable fraction is best related to the performance of nitrifiers. This fraction tends to unify different soils and sources of contamination with respect to thresholds of nitrification inhibition. In this study, the same approach was followed with copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). The nitrification process at different metal loadings was assessed in three soils. The applied metal loadings were based on published critical values for these metals. Nitrification inhibition depended on metal; Pb and Cd were not inhibitors, whereas Cu and Ni impaired nitrification at loadings lower than the published critical concentrations in soil. The water-extractable fraction was used as an index of metal presence in the soil system. A common threshold based on this index, were found for Cu. More than 3.8 mg water-extractable Cu kg− 1 soil was inhibitory for nitrification, whereas less than 2 mg kg− 1 was safe. The interval between these two limits was partially inhibitory. Water-extractable Ni did not yield common thresholds and nitrification inhibition was soil dependent. The relationships between soil pH, metal input and NO3 − production showed that nitrification was not inhibited by any side effect of heavy metal application, such as lowering soil pH.
A rodent obstacle course procedure controls delivery of enrichment and enhances complex cognitive functions (2022)

Enrichment in rodents affects brain structure, improves behavioral performance, and is neuroprotective. Similarly, in humans, according to the cognitive reserve concept, enriched experience is functionally protective against neuropathology. Despite this parallel, the ability to translate rodent studies to human clinical situations is limited. This limitation is likely due to the simple cognitive processes probed in rodent studies and the inability to control, with existing methods, the degree of rodent engagement with enrichment material. We overcome these two difficulties with behavioral tasks that probe, in a fine-grained manner, aspects of higher-order cognition associated with deterioration with aging and dementia, and a new enrichment protocol, the 'Obstacle Course' (OC), which enables controlled enrichment delivery, respectively. Together, these two advancements will enable better specification (and comparisons) of the nature of impairments in animal models of complex mental disorders and the potential for remediation from various types of intervention (e.g., enrichment, drugs). We found that two months of OC enrichment produced substantial and sustained enhancements in categorization memory, perceptual object invariance, and cross-modal sensory integration in mice. We also tested mice on behavioral tasks previously shown to benefit from traditional enrichment: spontaneous object recognition, object location memory, and pairwise visual discrimination. OC enrichment improved performance relative to standard housing on all six tasks and was in most cases superior to conventional home-cage enrichment and exercise track groups.
Two-dimensional thermal analysis of thin-film pyroelectric infrared detectors (2001)

Abstract A thermal analysis is a critical part of the design of thin-film pyroelectric infrared detectors. Because of the high thermal conductivity of the silicon substrate, it is necessary to isolate the pyroelectric layer thermally. The isolation is accomplished by either use of a low thermal conductivity insulating layer or a bridge structure. If the heat conduction in the detector is only in the direction normal to the detector surface, the thermal problem can be solved analytically using matrix formalism. A number of studies of this type have been presented in the literature. However, a one-dimensional analysis overestimates the responsivity of the detector because a part of the energy of the impinging radiation diffuses in the lateral direction. An analytical solution of the two-dimensional heat transfer problem is not possible, but solutions can be obtained by finite element methods. Analyses are presented in this paper for both ceramic and polymeric detectors and for both insulating layer and bridge structures.
A fast image segmentation algorithm using color and depth map (2011)

In this paper, a real-time image segmentation algorithm is presented. It utilizes both color and depth information retrieved from a multi-sensor capture system, which combines stereo camera pairs with time-of-flight range sensor. The algorithm targets low complexity and fast implementation which can be achieved through parallelization. Applications, such as immersive videoconferencing and lecturer segmentation for augmented reality lecture presentation, can benefit from the designed algorithm.
General recombination in meiosis. (1986)

The meiotic events of homologous pairing and chiasma formation are apparently related to a number of meiotic processes. These include a delayed replication of small portion of genome (zygoDNA). L-protein, present transitionally in meiotic S-phase and leptotene, can bind to the specific sequences of zygo DNAs to form a nick and selectively suppress their replication until zygotene. Other meiosis specific proteins (R-protein, U-protein, rec A-like protein (m-rec) probably related with pairing and recombination but none of these, either alone or combination, is capable of inducing recombination in vitro. We have isolated proteins from meiotic and somatic cells that are capable of recombining two DNA plasmids in vitro. They have been designated m-recombinase and s-recombinase, respectively. m-recombinase appears during meiotic prophase with or without chiasma-formation, suggesting that regulation of meiotic recombination depends, not on the formation of appropriate enzymes but on rendering the enzymes effective by altering chromatin-structure. s-recombinase activity seems to be related to cell division and/or cell differentiation. The assay system used here for necessary recombination may be applicable to various situations.
Volumetric computed tomography analysis of the olfactory cleft in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (2015)

Quantitative measures of olfactory cleft opacification correlate with objective olfaction, with the strongest correlations seen in patients with nasal polyps.
Transient Intermediates in the Thrombin Activation of Fibrinogen (1996)

The structure of a fibrin gel depends on the nature of the fibrinogen activation products produced by thrombin and the physical condition under which assembly occurs. Two different structures of the intermediate fibrin protofibril have been proposed, the production of which requires different extents of fibrinopeptide A (FpA) cleavage from fibrinogen. The fibrin activation intermediates must be stable since time is required for the intermediates to diffuse to growing protofibrils. The classic Hall-Slayter model requires cleavage of both FpAs to form a desAA intermediate. The Hunziker model requires cleavage of only one FpA to form an AdesA intermediate. Electrophoretic quasi elastic light scattering has been used to show the time-dependent production of the relevant fibrinogen activation intermediates that includes desAA but not AdesA.
Identification and characterization of helveticin V‐1829, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus helveticus 1829 (1992)

Lactobacillus helveticus 1829 produced an antimicrobial agent, designated helveticin V-1829, that demonstrated antagonistic activity against closely-related species. The agent was excreted into MRS agar, and was present in the supernatant fluids from both overnight broth and clotted milk cultures. It was heat labile (inactivated by 50 degrees C for 30 min) and was stable over the pH range 2.5 to 6.5. Production of the substance was pH-dependent and maximum yields were obtained in MRS broth cultures maintained at pH 5.5. Helveticin V-1829 was partially purified following growth of the producing strain in a semi-defined MRS medium and precipitating the cell-free filtrate with ammonium sulphate to 30% saturation. The cleared supernatant fluid was then brought to 60% saturation and the resulting precipitate pelleted and dialysed in 0.3 mol/l phosphate buffer. The partially purified inhibitor was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes, and it was bactericidal in its mode of action against indicator cells of Lact. helveticus 1844 and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 1489, indicating that it was a bacteriocin. A DNA probe specific for the helveticin J structural gene failed to hybridize to total genomic DNA of Lact. helveticus 1829, indicating that helveticin V-1829 is not significantly related to helveticin J.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF KWASHIORKOR-INDUCED EXOCRINE PANCREAS DYSFUNCTION (2007)

Kwashiorkor results in exocrine pancreas dysfunction, but very little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms. To model kwashiorkor and recovery, male ICR mice were fed isocaloric protein-free chow (PFC) for 4days and then returned to control chow (CC). After 4 days on PFC, the mass of the pancreas decreased by 33% when corrected for changes in body mass. When returned to CC for 4 days, pancreatic mass increased to 95% of its initial value. Pancreatic protein content decreased by 60% after 4 days on PFC and then returned to control values after 4 days on CC, while there were no changes in pancreatic DNA content. Histology revealed significant cellular atrophy andloss of zymogen granules after 4 days on PFC. This loss of zymogen granule content was associated with impaired pancreatic secretory capacity asdetermined by in vivo pancreatic duct cannulation and stimulation by bethanechol. Changes in pancreatic mass and zymogen granule content corresponded with changes in the phosphorylation of downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway which is believed to function as a nutrient sensor. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and 4E-BP1 decreased in the pancreas after 4 days on PFC, but returned to control values between 1 and 4 days on CC. These results demonstrate that protein biosynthesis is impaired inthe pancreas of mice fed PFC, but quickly recovers when protein is returned to the diet. Moreover, the mTOR pathway is likely involved in the regulation ofacinar cell size and digestive enzyme content in response to dietary protein.Similar studies performed with CCK-deficient mice on a C57BL/6 background demonstrated that CCK did not mediate the effects of altered dietary protein on pancreatic atrophy or regrowth in this study. This work wassupported by NIH grants DK59578 (JAW) and F32DK0077423 (SJC).