gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling chromate reduction in Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1: Development of a novel dual‐enzyme kinetic model (2003)

Chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction tests were performed with nitrate- and fumarate-grown stationary phase cultures of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (henceforth referred to as MR-1) and disappearance of Cr(VI) was monitored over time. A rapid initial decrease in Cr(VI) concentration was observed, which was followed by a slower, steady decrease. These observations appear to be consistent with our previous results indicating that Cr(VI) reduction in MR-1 involves at least two mechanisms (Viamajala et al., 2002b). Modeling of metal reduction kinetics is often based on single-enzyme Michaelis-Menten equations. However, these models are often developed using initial rates and do not always match actual reduction profiles. Based on the hypothesis that multiple Cr(VI) reduction mechanisms exist in MR-1, a model was developed to describe the kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by two parallel mechanisms: (1) a rapid Cr(VI) reduction mechanism that was deactivated (or depleted) quickly, and (2) a slower mechanism that had a constant activity and was sustainable for a longer duration. Kinetic parameters were estimated by fitting experimental data, and model fits were found to correspond very closely to quantitative observations of Cr(VI) reduction by MR-1.
Absence of α7 integrin in dystrophin-deficient mice causes a myopathy similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2006)

Both the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and alpha7beta1 integrin have critical roles in the maintenance of muscle integrity via the provision of mechanical links between muscle fibres and the basement membrane. Absence of either dystrophin or alpha7 integrin results in a muscular dystrophy. To clarify the role of alpha7 integrin and dystrophin in muscle development and function, we generated integrin alpha7/dystrophin double-mutant knockout (DKO) mice. Surprisingly, DKO mice survived post-natally and were indistinguishable from wild-type, integrin alpha7-deficient and mdx mice at birth, but died within 24-28 days. Histological analysis revealed a severe muscular dystrophy in DKO mice with endomysial fibrosis and ectopic calcification. Weight loss was correlated with the loss of muscle fibres, indicating that progressive muscle wasting in the double mutant was most likely due to inadequate muscle regeneration. The data further support that premature death of DKO mice is due to cardiac and/or respiratory failure. The integrin alpha7/dystrophin-deficient mouse model, therefore, resembles the pathological changes seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and suggests that the different clinical severity of dystrophin deficiency in human and mouse may be due to a fine-tuned difference in expression of dystrophin and integrin alpha7 in both species. Together, these findings indicate an essential role for integrin alpha7 in the maintenance of dystrophin-deficient muscles.
A clinical, serological and pathological study of concurrent anaplasmosis and babesiosis in experimentally infected calves (1972)

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.
6. Continuous-Time Gauss—Markov Systems: Continuous-Time Kalman Filter, Stationarity, Power Spectral Density, and the Wiener Filter (2008)

In this chapter, we derive the continuous linear minimum variance filter using the orthogonal projection lemma of Chapter 4 and the stochastic Gauss-Markov processes of Chapter 5. With the assumption that the additive noise is Gaussian, the filter becomes a continuous-time conditional mean estimator. If the additive noise is uncorrelated, the best linear filter is obtained and is equivalent to the Kalman filter in structure. We then specialize to infinite-time, time-invariant systems. In the stochastic context we study what is called stationary processes. This gives us the opportunity to introduce transform techniques on time-correlated processes such as autocorrelation matrix functions to obtain power spectral matrix functions in the transform frequency variable. In this way the frequency derivation of the infinite-time time-invariant Kalman filter, known as the Wiener filter, can be obtained. 6.1 The Continuous-Time Kalman Filter (Kalman-Bucy Filter) One year after he introduced the Kalman filter, Kalman cowrote a paper with Bucy that introduced a continuous-time version of the filter [27]. For this reason, the continuous-time filter is sometimes called the Kalman-Bucy filter. Historically, this filter has been used more for theory than practice, but advances in computer technology and speeds are enabling engineers to directly use continuous-time designs on microprocessors, and some of this may find its way into Kalman filter applications. Consider a continuous-time system represented by a system of Itô stochastic differentials: dx (t)=F (t)x (t)dt+G (t)d βt , 6.1 dz (t)=H (t)x (t)dt+d ηt . 6.2 The inputs, βt and ηt, are Brownian motion processes.
Synthesis of indoles: recent advances (2018)

Published data of the last 10 years concerning the development of new and upgrading of known approaches to indole synthesis are integrated and analyzed. Modern versions of the classical syntheses such as the Fischer synthesis, Nenitzescu synthesis, Ullmann reaction, Leimgruber – Batcho synthesis, Reissert synthesis, Bartoli reaction, Madelung synthesis and Cadogan – Sundberg reaction are considered. The presented new approaches include transformations of heterocycles, synthesis from o -alkynylanilines, reductive cyclization of nitrobenzene derivatives, synthesis with the use of arynes and catalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes. The final Section summarizes original methods for the synthesis of indoles other than those listed above; they are classified in terms of the nature of the forming bond (C–C, C–N). Rarely used methods based on benzene ring construction in pyrrole derivatives are discussed separately. The bibliography includes 246 references
Lignin (2015)

The word lignin is derived from the Latin word lignum meaning wood. It is one of the main components of all vascular plants and the second most abundant polymer in nature. This article describes the current understanding of the structure of this complex natural polymer. The number and types of different chemical bonds present in lignin are discussed, as are the ways in which different lignins are identified and their distributions determined in plant tissues. Means for isolating lignin from wood are described, and the chemical and physical properties of the resulting lignins are reviewed. The various chemical and instrumental methods for characterizing isolated lignins are also discussed. The article concludes with a review of commercial lignin products including a discussion of producers, production methods, modification reactions, and the many industries in which lignins are used.
New Stars, New Planets (2015)

Abstract This chapter argues that just thinking about how to explore our own planetary system means pushing our technology well into the future. Interstellar travel is notoriously intractable because of the limitations of physics (the speed of light) and of biology (the metabolic rate). It describes the invention of a fantasy ship that can go from 1 percent the speed of light, and can carry astronauts to the edge of the solar system or perhaps to another star. It thinks about harvesting enough hydrogen (H) from the interstellar medium (ISM) that will enable a fusion reactor to push the ship and generate O2 and H2O, providing both propulsion and resources for interstellar travel. It also considers the possibility of conserving energy on a long space voyage by sleeping, and asks whether genetic engineers could one day modify people for space travel.
An experimental investigation of the effect of moisture on the performance of an air-conditioning system (2002)

Tests were conducted at the University of Florida's Solar Energy and Energy Conversion Laboratory (SEECL) to determine the effect of the moisture on the performance of a 3 ton residential heat pump system with R-22 as the working fluid. The performance of the heat pump system was tested in accordance with the ARI Standard 210/240 (ARI 1989) and ANSI/ASHRAE-37-1988 for testing unitary equipment. ASHRAE's "Air Enthalpy Method" was used to determine the performance of heat pump system and ASHRAE's condition "A" [Outside 95/spl deg/F DBT/75/spl deg/F WBT; Inside 80/spl deg/F DBT/67/spl deg/F WBT] was maintained for the tests. The experimental data reveals that moisture levels of approximately 700 ppm in the refrigerant can decrease the system performance by 10-15%. Approximately 50-60% of the moisture injected into the system remains in the refrigerant and the rest mixes with the compressor oil. Hence, it is possible that over a period of time the moisture in the compressor oil may breakdown at the prevailing temperatures and pressures to form acids which may result in catastrophic failure.
Bone Grafts and Substitutes in Dentistry: A Review of Current Trends and Developments (2021)

After tooth loss, bone resorption is irreversible, leaving the area without adequate bone volume for successful implant treatment. Bone grafting is the only solution to reverse dental bone loss and is a well-accepted procedure required in one in every four dental implants. Research and development in materials, design and fabrication technologies have expanded over the years to achieve successful and long-lasting dental implants for tooth substitution. This review will critically present the various dental bone graft and substitute materials that have been used to achieve a successful dental implant. The article also reviews the properties of dental bone grafts and various dental bone substitutes that have been studied or are currently available commercially. The various classifications of bone grafts and substitutes, including natural and synthetic materials, are critically presented, and available commercial products in each category are discussed. Different bone substitute materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, or their combinations, and their chemical, physical, and biocompatibility properties are explored. Limitations of the available materials are presented, and areas which require further research and development are highlighted. Tissue engineering hybrid constructions with enhanced bone regeneration ability, such as cell-based or growth factor-based bone substitutes, are discussed as an emerging area of development.
Monolithic silicon optical microdevices for biomolecular sensing (2009)

Here, we present monolithic silicon optocoupler array chips properly biofunctionalized to affinity biosensors. The optocouplers consist of monomode silicon nitride waveguides that optically link silicon LEDs and silicon photodetectors. The light emitters are silicon avalanche diodes that emit light when reverse biased beyond their breakdown voltage. The optical device is transformed to biosensor by spotting the waveguides with protein or DNA probes and by coupling a microfluidic compartment on top to allow for the supply of the reagents and the sample. Binding of the counterpart biomolecules changes the optical coupling efficiency and the detector photocurrent. The analytical performance in detecting DNA and protein molecules both in labeled and non-labeled assay formats is described.
Glucose‐sensitive membranes containing glucose oxidase: Activity, swelling, and permeability studies (1985)

The development of membranes that swell in response to glucose is reported. The membranes may prove to be useful in glucose monitoring or glucose-dependent insulin delivery. The polymers were synthesized by the radiation-induced polymerization of frozen solutions containing hydroxyethylmethacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol, water, and glucose oxidase. The polymers were hydrogels, with water contents in the range of 60-90%, depending on the pH or glucose concentration. Changes in swelling and permeability of the hydrogel were caused by exposure to glucose solutions. The gluconic acid formed by the glucose oxidase catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the membrane lowered the pH of the system and thus caused the changes in the membrane. The retention of enzyme activity by the membranes in vitro and in vivo is also reported. The large differences in properties among membranes made with different chemical formulations suggest that glucose-sensitive membranes with performance characteristics needed for an artificial pancreas may be an achievable goal.
Crosslinking of cartilage matrix protein to aggrecan increases with maturation (1995)

Cartilage matrix protein (CMP) is a trimeric protein occurring in some types of cartilage extracellular matrix (Paulsson and Heinegård 1982). It has recently been purified under native conditions which allowed the proposal of a structural model (Hauser and Paulsson 1994). Early data indicated an interaction of CMP with aggrecan. We now describe the isolation of a complex between CMP and aggrecan from tissue extracts. Proteoglycans prepared from cartilage using conditions minimizing contamination by unrelated proteins consistently contained CMP, apparently associated with the core protein and only partially released upon reduction, even under denaturing conditions. It appears that CMP binds by a nonreducible covalent interaction with one of its subunits to the protein core. Electron microscopy revealed interaction sites for CMP with core protein in the extended domain E2.
Particle Focusing in Staged Inertial Microfluidic Devices for Flow Cytometry (2010)

Microfluidic inertial focusing has been demonstrated to be an effective method for passively positioning microparticles and cells without the assistance of sheath fluid. Because inertial focusing produces well-defined lateral equilibrium particle positions in addition to highly regulated interparticle spacing, its value in flow cytometry has been suggested. Particle focusing occurs in straight channels and can be manipulated through cross sectional channel geometry by the introduction of curvature. Here, we present a staged channel design consisting of both curved and straight sections that combine to order particles into a single streamline with longitudinal spacing. We have evaluated the performance of these staged inertial focusing channels using standard flow cytometry methods that make use of calibration microspheres. Our analysis has determined the measurement precision and resolution, as a function of flow velocity and particle concentration that is provided by these channels. These devices were found to operate with increasing effectiveness at higher flow rates and particle concentrations, within the examined ranges, which is ideal for high throughput analysis. Further, the prototype flow cytometer equipped with an inertial focusing microchannel matched the resolution provided by a commercial hydrodynamic focusing flow cytometer. Most notably, our analysis indicates that the inertial focusing channels virtually eliminated particle coincidence at the analysis point. These properties suggest a potentially significant role for inertial focusing in the development of inexpensive flow cytometry-based diagnostics and in applications requiring the analysis of high particle concentrations.
Central Venous Catheter Tip Placement: Determination of Posterior Malposition—A Case Study (2006)

Abstract Methods for determining central venous catheter (CVC) tip placement vary among facilities. In most institutions, a single-view, anterior chest radiograph is used to visualize and evaluate the CVC catheter for malposition and/or position of the catheter tip. However, this method does not identify the posterior malposition of the catheter tip, which, on the anterior view, may appear correctly placed. In this article, the author (a) identifies the need for double-view chest radiographs for accurate determination of CVC tip placement and (b) emphasizes the importance of expertise of vascular access practitioners in the determination of catheter-tip placement and the identification of malposition and complication of CVC placement.
How COVID-19 kick-started online learning in medical education—The DigiMed study (2021)

This study demonstrates the positive attitude of medical students towards online learning. Furthermore, it reveals a considerable discrepancy between what students demand and what the curriculum offers. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic might be the long-awaited catalyst for a new "online era" in medical education.
Evaluation of Apparent Viscosity Properties for Electro-Rheological Fluid (1998)

Electro-Rheological (ER) fluid is a class of functional fluid whose apparent viscosity can be varied by the applied electric field strength. The ER fluid is classified into two types; one is a dispersive fluid and the other is a homogeneous. Dispersive ER fluid is a colloidal suspension of fine semiconducting particles in a dielectric liquid and liquid crystal (LC) is classed as homogeneous type ER fluid. LC has been originally developed for some electronic display devices. Various mechanical components applying ER fluid have been developed, and the their performance typically depends on the characteristics of ER fluid which have generally been evaluated by a rotational viscometer. However, the ER fluid introduced into various mechanical components undergoes not only simple shear flow but press flow or oscillating flow. For the evaluation of ER fluid, the authors developed an reciprocating type viscometer. The amplitude is controlled on 5 mm at the frequency from 50 to 1000 Hz. In the present paper, the performance of several types of ER fluid is evaluated by the reciprocating type viscometer and compared with those evaluated by a rotational viscometer.
Suppression of the Stimulated Brillouin and Raman Scattering in Actively Q‐switched Fiber Lasers through Temporal Pulse Shaping (2021)

Abstract Despite the wide range of applications and versatility, actively Q‐switched fiber lasers (AQS‐FLs) suffer from the multi‐peak phenomenon or stepwise pulse generation under certain conditions. As such, the advantage of the stepwise tendency in AQS‐FL to modify the pulse shape and create a temporal profile that minimizes the power of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) Stokes components is taken. Accordingly a multi‐objective genetic algorithm (GA) and a Monte‐Carlo method is developed to solve the improved model for SBS. Additionally, the suppression of SRS is predicted and examined successfully. The proposed method is deployed for the simulation of the 5 and 10 kW peak and 10 ns wide pulses on a 4 m long, single‐mode, ytterbium‐doped double clad fiber under the narrow linewidth of 0.05 nm with promising suppression of SBS and SRS effects. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first time that such a pulse‐shaping strategy is demonstrated for the SBS or SRS suppression. Furthermore reaching a 10 kW peak on single mode fibers was previously only possible via custom made fibers. Our novel method offers the possibility of optimizing and improving the utilization of different fiber types in AQS‐FL systems.
Aberrant Splicing Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of L-type CaV1.2 Calcium Channels by Competitive Binding for CaVβ Subunits in Cardiac Hypertrophy (2016)

Decreased expression and activity of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 calcium channels has been reported in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we identified in rodents a splice variant of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channel, named Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2<sub>e21+22</sub>, that contained the pair of mutually exclusive exons 21 and 22. This variant was highly expressed in neonatal hearts. The abundance of this variant was gradually increased by 12.5-folds within 14 days of transverse aortic banding that induced cardiac hypertrophy in adult mouse hearts and was also elevated in left ventricles from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Although this variant did not conduct Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions, it reduced the cell-surface expression of wild-type Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels and consequently decreased the whole-cell Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx via the Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels. In addition, the Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2<sub>e21+22</sub> variant interacted with Ca<sub>V</sub>β subunits significantly more than wild-type Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels, and competition of Ca<sub>V</sub>β subunits by Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2<sub>e21+22</sub> consequently enhanced ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the wild-type Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels. Our findings show that the resurgence of a specific neonatal splice variant of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels in adult heart under stress may contribute to heart failure.
Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Sacrouteropexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Classical Bladder Exstrophy (2010)

SAGE-Journals-Accessible-Video-Player 10.1089/vid.2010.0015.M1 sj-vid-1-vid-10.1089_vid.2010.0015
Back seat driver : voice assisted automobile navigation (1989)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.
Suppression of overflow limit cycles in LDI all-pass/lattice filters (2000)

In this paper it is shown that zero-input overflow limit cycles can be suppressed in a class of lossless digital integrator (LDI) all-pass filters. This holds for any filter order, provided that saturation overflow characteristics are used at the input of each delay and for certain restrictions for the multiplier values. The results are shown to apply also to lossless digital differentiator (LDD) filters. The restrictions of multiplier values have the effect of excluding certain combinations of poles within the unit circle, most of which are in the left half circle where corresponding LDD filters can be used. Asymptotic stability can be guaranteed for all second-order LDI and LDD filters.
Multi-scale microporous silica microcapsules from gas-in water-in oil emulsions (2020)

Controlling the surface area, pore size and pore volume of microcapsules is crucial for modulating their activity in applications including catalytic reactions, delivery strategies or even cell culture assays, yet remains challenging to achieve using conventional bulk techniques. Here we describe a microfluidics-based approach for the formation of monodisperse silica-coated micron-scale porous capsules of controllable sizes. Our method involves the generation of gas-in water-in oil emulsions, and the subsequent rapid precipitation of silica which forms around the encapsulated gas bubbles resulting in hollow silica capsules with tunable pore sizes. We demonstrate that by varying the gas phase pressure, we can control both the diameter of the bubbles formed and the number of internal bubbles enclosed within the silica microcapsule. Moreover, we further demonstrate, using optical and electron microscopy, that these silica capsules remain stable under particle drying. Such a systematic manner of producing silica-coated microbubbles and porous microparticles thus represents an attractive class of biocompatible material for biomedical and pharmaceutical related applications.