gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced lower-hybrid heating caused by frequency modulation (1985)

The effect of frequency modulation during stochastic ion heating induced by lower-hybrid waves is examined. The modulation occurs either in the ion-cyclotron frequency because of the variation of the magnetic field in toroidal devices, or it can be externally imposed on the frequency of the lower-hybrid waves. It has already been observed numerically [Phys. Fluids 27, 184 (1984)] that a small variation in the ion-cyclotron frequency can induce velocity diffusion for wave amplitudes well below the stochasticity threshold in a uniform magnetic field. Here a detailed study reveals that to the lowest order in the small parameters, the modulational effects can be incorporated in a two-dimensional Hamiltonian. This allows the derivation of the new stochasticity thresholds. It is found that a small amount of modulation, Δω/ω≲1%, produces an order of magnitude reduction in the stochasticity threshold relative to the constant frequency case. The stochastic regime in velocity space also grows in size, resulting in a considerable increase of number of heated particles in the case of devices with modest aspect ratio. Both ion-cyclotron and wave-frequency modulation lead to similar results. The modulation of the wave frequency offers the ability to control and optimize the modulation parameters and is proposed as a method to enhance radio frequency (rf) heating.
Prospective evaluation of 24-hour urine profiles following bariatric surgery in a modern comprehensive care bariatric clinic (2014)

To prospectively examine the effect of modern bariatric surgery on 24-hour urine parameters in a comprehensive care bariatric practice (CCBP).47 consecutive patients in our CCBP underwent serum and 24-hour urine analysis pre-operatively, and 30 returned at 12 months for repeat testing. Paired comparisons for serum metabolite and 24-hour urine measures were performed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables and McNemar's test for categorical variables. Statistical tests were two-sided, with threshold of significance set at p = 0.05.All 30 patients with pre-operative and 12-month follow-up analysis were free of stone events. 20 (67%) had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 6 (20%) had laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB), and 4 (13%)h ad laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). 24-hour urinary parameters were available for 27 patients. Median urine oxalate (mmol) was 0.29 pre-operatively and 0.21 at 12 months (p = 0.048). Median urine calcium (mg) was 143 pre-operatively and 180 at 12 months (p = 0.11). Median citrate excretion was 527 pre-operatively and 782 at 12 months (p = 0.22). Median serum creatinine was 0.7 pre-operatively and 0.8 at 12 months (p < 0.001). These trends were preserved with the exclusion of LGB and LSG patients.Modern bariatric surgery (RYGB, LGB, and LSG) as part of a CCBP can still demonstrate alterations of select urinary parameters (particularly oxalate and citrate) in select patients associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis at 1 year follow-up.
Reply on RC4 (2022)

This paper presents a new theoretical concept to estimate the contribution of distant areas to the measurement signal of cosmic-ray neutron detectors for snow and soil moisture monitoring. The algorithm is based on the local neutron production and their transport mechanism, given by the neutron-moisture relationship and the radial intensity function, respectively. The purely analytical approach has been validated with physics-based neutron transport simulations for heterogeneous soil moisture patterns, exemplary landscape features, and remote fields at a distance. We found that the method provides good approximations of simulated signal contributions in patchy soils with typical deviations of less than 1 %. Moreover, implications of this concept have been investigated for the neutron-moisture relationship, where the signal contribution of an area has the potential to explain deviating shapes of this curve that are often reported in literature. Finally, the concept has been used to develop a new practical footprint definition to express whether or not a distant area's soil moisture change is actually detectable in terms of measurement precision. The presented concepts answer long lasting questions about the influence of distant landscape structures in the integral footprint of the sensor without the need for computationally expensive simulations. The new insights are highly relevant to support signal interpretation, data harmonization, and sensor calibration, and will be particularly useful for sensors positioned in complex terrain or on agriculturally managed sites.
MODELLING OF DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS WITH OVERLAYS (1992)

A model for presenting the delamination process of a pavement overlay is presented. The model is based on the stresses at the delamination tip and material properties. Some preliminary results are presented based on assumed material properties. For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract number 843191.
Abstract 3561: Genetic Variants Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk in Five Ethnic Groups: The INTERHEART genetics study (2007)

Background: The INTERHEART case-control study showed 9 modifiable risk factors (tobacco, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, psychosocial stress, low fruit...
A sensitive and specific functional flow cytometric assay for the diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (1997)

A functional flow cytometric assay (FCA) for the immediate diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), with simultaneous compatibility testing for alternative anticoagulant therapies, has been developed to provide rapid and reliable results which effectively support patient management. The assay provides results within 1-2 h, uses readily available non-radioactive reagents, and employs standard equipment. Using the highly sensitive annexin V protein probe, the method detects activated platelets induced by heparin immune-complexes, with 300-fold increased binding to activated platelets. Twenty-five samples from patients clinically-suspected of having HIT (131 tests) and 10 normal control (NG) samples (36 tests) were simultaneously tested with unfractionated heparin (UH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and by the radioactive serotonin-release assay (SRA) (62 and 16 tests respectively). The FCA highly correlated with the SRA, showing 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity. Moreover, the FCA exhibited higher resolution between positive and negative samples (an average value of 8.6-fold the NC versus 4.0-fold the NC by SRA). The LMWH showed concordant results with UH (r = 0.95). We conclude that the functional FCA for HIT is practical, specific and sensitive, thereby permitting the rapid diagnosis of HIT and the suitability of alternative therapies.
Factors Determining Optimal Fatty Acid Absorption in Preterm Infants (2015)

Preterm infants fed formula demonstrated lower FA-CFAs as a function of increasing carbon length. This is consistent with limited pancreatic lipase production and with lipase being present in BM but not in formula. The fact that this pattern was seen in BM-fed infants at 2 weeks but not 6 weeks of age suggests that intestinal immaturity may also play a role in impaired fatty acid absorption. These data highlight principles that need to be considered to optimize delivery and absorption of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants.
Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis Analyses of Protein–Protein Interactions in Target-Directed Drug Discovery (2004)

Protein-protein interactions are instrumental in virtually all biological processes and their understanding will shed light on designing novel and effective drugs for therapeutic interventions targeting the pathways in which they function. Protein-protein interactions have been studied using many genetic and biochemical methods, most recently, affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). We used ACE as a high-throughput screening assay to establish and define binding interactions between a therapeutic target protein and chemical entities from natural product or synthetic chemical libraries. Furthermore, ACE has demonstrated its value in the measurement of binding constants, the estimation of kinetic rate constants, and the determination of the stoichiometry of protein-protein interactions. Herein, we will describe qualitatively several assay formats using ACE for detecting protein-protein interactions, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Virtual Terminal as an XML Web Service (2003)

In this paper, a novel approach to offering the VirtualTerminal service is presented, i.e. to offer the VirtualTerminal as an XML Web Service. Exposing VirtualTerminal functionalities as XML Web Services will have anumber of advantages compared to the current version ofthe Virtual Terminal. First of all it will enhance theaccessibility of the service, enabling 3 rd parties tointroduce it to new market segments in a straightforwardway. Customization of the service will be possibleenabling different flavours of Virtual Terminals to beintroduced, and finally, the Virtual Terminalfunctionalities will be available to other applications andnot only human end users. In this way, the VirtualTerminal functionalities can be invoked by applicationsand utilized as components in order to build a wide rangeof other complex services.
Absolute Configuration Determination of 2,3-Dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazoles Using Chiroptical Methods at Different Wavelengths (2016)

A correlation between the absolute configuration and chiroptical properties of nonracemic 1,6,7-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazoles was studied. A series of 16 novel representatives were prepared by Cu-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions of racemic (Z)-2-benzylidene-5-oxopyrazolidin-2-ium-1-ides to tert-butyl (S)-(3-oxopent-4-yn-2-yl)carbamate, and their structures were determined by NMR, VCD, ECD, and X-ray diffraction. A clear correlation between the sign of specific rotation and configuration at position C(1) allows for easy determination of the absolute configuration of 1,6,7-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazoles by ECD and NMR. While VCD, requiring milligram quantities, allowed the determination of the correct relative and absolute configuration without additional information from other methods, the stereochemical analysis by ECD required knowledge of the relative configuration derived from NMR at a comparable computational level.
Measuring Area Mode Shapes With A Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (1999)

If a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) beam is scanned slowly and continuously in a raster pattern over a surface which is vibrating at frequency w, the output is modulated according to the vibration deflection shape and the (complex) area `mode&amp;apos; shape may then be derived by demodulation. The mode shape may also be recovered as a set of polynomial coefficients from a set of parallel straight-line scans, or by applying different-frequency sinusoidal x, y deflection inputs (W x and W y ) to the measuring laser beam. Particular difficulties arise with curved surfaces. A method of correcting mode shapes measured on vibrating shells, where the vibration may be assumed perpendicular to the surface, is described.
Mechanism of a Chemical Classic:  Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Autocatalyzed Reaction of the Serendipitous Wöhler Synthesis of Urea (2003)

The detailed reaction pathways for the ammonium cyanate transformation into urea (Wöhler's reaction) in the gas phase, in solution, and in the solid state have exhaustively been explored by means of first-principles quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP level of theory using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. This serendipitous synthesis of urea is predicted to proceed in two steps; the first step involves the decomposition of the ammonium cyanate to ammonia and isocyanic or cyanic acid, and the second one, which is the main reaction step (and probably the rate-determining step), involves the interaction of NH(3) with either isocyanic or cyanic acid. Several alternative pathways were envisaged for the main reaction step of Wöhler's reaction in a vacuum involving the formation of "four-center" transition states. Modeling Wöhler's reaction in aqueous solution and in the solid state, it was found that the addition of NH(3) to both acids is assisted (autocatalyzed) by the active participation of extra H(2)O and/or NH(3) molecules, through a preassociative, cooperative, and hydrogen-transfer relay mechanism involving the formation of "six-center" or even "eight-center" transition states. The most energetically economic path of the rate-determining step of Wöhler's reaction is that of the addition of NH(3) to the C=N double bond of isocyanic acid, directly affording urea. An alternative pathway corresponding to the anti-addition of ammonia to the Ctbd1;N triple bond of cyanic acid, yielding urea's tautomer HN=C(OH)NH(2), seems to be another possibility. In the last case, urea is formed through a prototropic tautomerization of its enolic form. The energies of the reactants, products, and all intermediates along with the barrier heights for each reaction path have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The geometry optimization and characterization of all of the stationary points found on the potential energy hypersurfaces was performed at the same level of theory.
Acoustic Emission for Civil Structures (2012)

“Acoustic emission” (AE) is the name given to the transient stress waves that are generated by crack growth and many other kinds of material degradation and deterioration. The phenomenon has been known intuitively since the beginnings of knowledge, and studied scientifically for at least a century. The cracking of ice and the snapping of twigs are commonplace examples. In recent decades, acoustic emission has been used as a nondestructive testing method. A substantial body of technique has developed to allow its application to the monitoring of bridges, pressure vessels, storage tanks, etc. These devices have an amazing sensitivity to high-frequency motion. At the frequencies most commonly used for AE testing, 100-300kHz, the AE sensor can give a detectable signal for surface movements of 10-13 m or less, a thousand times smaller than the size of an atom.
Structural studies of a new antitumor agent: tiazofurin and its inactive analogs (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies of a new antitumor agent: tiazofurin and its inactive analogsBarry M. Goldstein, Fusao Takusagawa, Helen M. Berman, Prem C. Srivastava, and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 25, 7416–7422Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00363a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00363a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Trainable Message Understanding System (1997)

Specific Rule sp = (w,c,s,t), where w is the headword of the trained phrase, c is the part of the speech of the word, s is the sense number representing the meaning of w, t is the semantic type identified by the preprocessor for w. An abstract specific rule is shown in Figure 4.
Duct Epithelial Cells Cultured from Human Pancreas Processed for Transplantation Retain Differentiated Ductal Characteristics (1997)

A procedure is described for the isolation and growth in vitro of epithelial cells from the duct network of human pancreas, referred to as DEC. A significant advantage of our procedure over previously published procedures is that it enables the isolation of DEC from small pieces of pancreas tissue (< 5 g) and, also, from the digest remaining after the isolation of islet cells from human pancreas, material that would normally be discarded. These were the only reliable sources for pancreas tissue available to us. This procedure shows that some of the techniques that have been successfully used for the isolation of rodent DEC are also valuable in the isolation of human DEC. In particular, the use of cholera toxin to prevent fibroblast growth and contamination obviates the need for the time-consuming procedure of physically removing fibroblasts or the use of expensive fibroblast-specific monoclonal antibodies. The use of sieving to separate the digest immediately achieves a partial purification, which, coupled with that of allowing duct cysts to form, adds to the purity of the final preparation. The ductal system of the intact pancreas tissue and the DEC derived from it expressed cytokeratins 7, 8/18, and 19 and markers for the presence of MUC1, CFTR, and carbonic anhydrase II, which are specific for ductal epithelial cells or for pancreatic ductal functions. This study showed that it is possible to obtain selectively viable DEC from small ducts in otherwise waste pieces of human pancreas. It showed that these cells retained all of the epithelial characteristics that were examined and, in combination with data from an earlier study, showed that the cultured DEC retain the metabolic functions of duct epithelial cells in vivo.
Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Normal Subjects and in Patients with or at Risk of Alzheimer Dementia (2017)

Amino acids contribute to a characteristic metabotype during the progression of AD along the continuum from health to frank dementia, and their monitoring in elderly individuals might help to detect at-risk subjects.
Lie-Backlund groups and the linearisation of differential equations (1983)

It is shown that groups of Lie-Backlund (LB) transformations which depend on non-local variables are related by a change of variables to the LB tangent transformations of Ibragimov and Anderson (1979), involving no more than arbitrary-order derivatives. The transformation of any LB symmetry operator by an invertible change of variables is discussed. It is pointed out that once a differential equation admits an LB operator, then a large number of 'secondary' equations will admit the same operator. The LB theory involving non-local variables and the notion of secondary equations are used to characterise group theoretically the linearisation of the Burgers equation, ut+uux-uxx=0, and of the ODE uxx+ omega 2(x)u+Ku-3=0.
Development and validation of a prototypal neural networks-based tumor tracking method (2011)

In radiotherapy, intra-fractional organ motion introduces uncertainties in target localization, leading to unacceptable inaccuracy in dose delivery. Especially in highly selective treatments, such as those delivered with particles beams instead of photons, organ motion may results in severe side effects and/or limited tumor control. Tumor tracking is a motion mitigation strategy that allows an almost continuous dose delivery while the beam is dynamically steered to match the position of the moving target in real-time. Currently, tumor tracking is applied clinically only in the CyberKnife system for photon radiotherapy, whereas neither clinical solutions nor dedicated methodologies are available for particle therapy. Consequently, the aim of the proposed study is to develop a neural networks-based prototypal tracking algorithm intended for particle therapy. We developed a method that exploits three independent neural networks to estimate the internal target position as a function of external surrogate signals. This method was tested on data relative to 20 patients treated with CyberKnife, whose performance was used as benchmark. Results show that the developed algorithm allows targeting error reduction with respect to the CyberKnife system, thus proving the potential value of artificial neural networks for the implementation of tumor tracking methodologies.
On-Focal Plane Analog-To-Digital Conversion With Detector Gain And Offset Compensation (1989)

Hardware fabrication has been initiated on a test IC which has 32 channels of amplifiers, low pass anti-aliasing filters, 13-bit analog-to-digital (ND) converters per channel and a digital multiplexer. The single slope class of ND conversion is described, as are the unique variations required for incorporation on-focal plane. An IC architecture which contains an ND converter per detector channel operating at the sensor frame rate prior to digital multiplexing is described. Methods for achieving ultra low power dissipation (3 MicroWatts per channel at 1000 Hertz conversion rate) through the use of power strobing are also discussed.
A Study of the Photoelectrochemical Effects of Squaraine Aggregate in Monolayer (1993)

Monolayers of pure surfactant squaraine, DSSQ(4-distearyl amino phenyl-4'-dimethylaminophenylsquaraine), were deposited on electrodes by the Langmuir-Blodgett film technique. The DSSQ film exhibits at ∼530 nm. The absorption is significantly red-shifted from the solution of DSSQ (633 nm in chloroform), suggesting that the squaraine chromophores form aggregates in the LB film. The photogeneration of the squaraine aggregates is studied by measuring the photocurrents in photoelectrochemical cells consisting of the squaraine of the aggregates is found to parallel its absorption spectrum and quantum efficiency as high as 0.3% has been observed. While the photocurrent was attenuated exponentially when stearic acid layers (up to 8 layers) are inserted between the squaraine layer and the electrode, it is nearly extinguished when the squaraine layer is over-coated with 2 layers of stearic acid. A model for the observation is proposed and the roles of the electrolytes and oxygen on the photogeneration process will be discussed