gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of new biologicals in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

The past decade has seen a shift in the paradigm for RA management. DMARDs have been introduced at earlier stages of disease in an effort to slow or stop radiographic disease progression before irreversible joint damage, work disability, functional decline and other adverse outcomes are seen. Although often effective, DMARDs have been limited in treatment durability over the long term due to side-effects and declining efficacy. Combination regimens, often involving weekly methotrexate as the anchor drug, have been used increasingly to overcome the limitations of DMARD monotherapy. The advent of biological therapies that specifically target key proinflammatory cytokines, believed to be important in disease pathogenesis, provides several new treatment options. In controlled clinical trials, the IL-1 blocker anakinra (r-metHuIL-1ra) significantly reduced the clinical signs and symptoms of RA when used alone or in combination with weekly methotrexate. The TNF inhibitors etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab have shown similar efficacy; indeed, higher response rates for clinical and radiological parameters have been seen with the TNF blockers. Importantly, each of these biological response modifiers significantly reduced radiographic disease progression in 6- to 12-month studies, and some radiographic data extend to 24 months. Despite these promising findings, it remains to be determined whether slowing radiographic progression will translate into significant improvements in long-term outcomes.
Superconductivity: its role, its success and its setbacks in the Large Hadron Collider of CERN (2010)

The Large Hadron Collider - LHC, the particle accelerator at CERN, Geneva, is the largest and probably the most complex scientific instrument ever built. Superconductivity plays a key role because the accelerator is based on the reliable operation of almost 10,000 superconducting magnets cooled by 130 tonnes of helium at 1.9 and 4.2 K and containing a total stored magnetic energy of about 15,000 MJ (including detector magnets). The characteristics of the 1200 tonnes of high quality Nb-Ti cables have met the severe requests in terms of critical currents, magnetization and inter-strand resistance; the magnets are built with an unprecedented uniformity, about 0.01% of variation in field quality among the 1232 main dipoles which are 15 m in length and 30 tonnes in weight. The results of this 20 year long enterprise will be discussed together with problems faced during construction and commissioning and their remedies. Particular reference is made to the severe incident which occurred nine days after the spectacular start-up of the machine on 10th September 2008. The status of repair and the plan for the physics program in 2010 are also presented.
First-Order Logic for Flow-Limited Authorization (2020)

We present the Flow-Limited Authorization First-Order Logic (FLAFOL), a logic for reasoning about authorization decisions in the presence of information-flow policies. We formalize the FLAFOL proof system, characterize its proof-theoretic properties, and develop its security guarantees. In particular, FLAFOL is the first logic to provide a non-interference guarantee while supporting all connectives of first-order logic. Furthermore, this guarantee is the first to combine the notions of non-interference from both authorization logic and information-flow systems. All the theorems in this paper are proven in Coq.
Is it time to change conventional consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in CR1? (2015)

Genetic risk assessment, monitoring of minimal residual disease in first remission, use of targeted agents, and the newer transplant strategies all have the potential to 'personalize' PRT choice in the AML patient. The clinical value of these novel interventions awaits validation in prospective, risk-adapted clinical trials.
Farnesoid X Receptor as Target for Therapies to Treat Cholestasis-Induced Liver Injury (2021)

Recent studies on liver disease burden worldwide estimated that cirrhosis is the 11th most common cause of death globally, and there is a great need for new therapies to limit the progression of liver injuries in the early stages. Cholestasis is caused by accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids (BA) in the liver due to dysfunctional BA efflux or bile flow into the gall bladder. Therefore, strategies to increase detoxification of hydrophobic BA and downregulate genes involved in BA production are largely investigated. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has a central role in BA homeostasis and recent publications revealed that changes in autophagy due to BA-induced reactive oxygen species and increased anti-oxidant response via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), result in dysregulation of FXR signaling. Several mechanistic studies have identified new dysfunctions of the cholestatic liver at cellular and molecular level, opening new venues for developing more performant therapies.
[Quantitative assessment on artifacts of dental restorative materials in cone beam computed tomography]. (2013)

In the two-dimensional tomography images of CBCT, stripe-like and radical artifacts were caused around the zirconia all-ceramic crown and metal based porcelain-fused-metal crowns. These artifacts could lower the imaging quality of the full crown shape greatly. The artifact was not caused around the natural teeth in vitro, glass ceramic crown, and ceramage crown.
DNA bending and orientation-dependent function of YY1 in the c-fos promoter. (1993)

The assembly of multicomponent complexes at promoters, enhancers, and silencers likely entails perturbations in the path of the DNA helix. We present evidence that YY1, a ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein, regulates the activity of the c-fos promoter primarily through an effect on DNA structure. YY1 binds to and induces a phased DNA bend at three sites in this promoter. By use of a truncated c-fos promoter activity containing a single functional YY1 site, we show that YY1 represses promoter activity but that repression does not appear to be an intrinsic property of the protein in this context. Moreover, when the orientation of the YY1 site is reversed, YY1 activates the same promoter. Repression by YY1 is also alleviated by changing the relative phasing of factor-binding sites on either side of YY1. We conclude that the principal function of YY1 in this promoter is to bend DNA to regulate contact between other proteins. Thus, YY1 represents a new class of transcription factors that influences promoter function by affecting promoter structure rather than by directly contacting the transcriptional machinery. We provide evidence that the product of the male sex determination gene SRY may also belong to this class of structural factors.
Clinical evaluation of hexagonal keratotomy for the treatment of primary hyperopia (1995)

We evaluated the effectiveness of spiral hexagonal keratotomy in correcting primary hyperopia in 199 eyes. One hundred eighty-four eyes (92.5%) had a minimum follow-up of three months. Mean follow-up was 11.9 months and maximum, 36.2 months. Secondary astigmatic keratotomy was performed on 54 eyes six to eight months after initial hexagonal surgery to correct induced astigmatism. The mean reduction in spherical equivalent was -1.6 +/- 0.9 diopters (D) (range -5.6 to +0.9 D). The mean increase in refractive cylinder was +0.5 +/- 0.9 D (range -2.3 to +3.0 D). Uncorrected acuity improved by +3.2 lines, while best corrected acuity decreased slightly by -0.26 lines. Loss of two or more lines of best corrected acuity that was attributable to surgery was between 0.5% and 4.0%.
Pathogenesis of Iridovirus: in vitro Influence on Macrophage Activity and Cytokine-Like Protein Production in Fish (2001)

In recent years, iridovirus-like agents have been recognized as the cause of several diseases in fish. An iridovirus-like pathogen isolated from catfish (Ictalurus melas) was tested in vitro on the macrophage activity and cytokine-like protein (IL-1, IL-6) production in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.). The influence of the iridovirus on pronephric macrophage activity was examined by studying the respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) as well as the production of cytokines by pronephric leukocytes stimulated by ConA. The results showed that iridovirus decreased the RBA and PKA in carp, rainbow trout and sheatfish. The highest inhibitory effect was observed in sheatfish (70 % of activity), compared to carp (35 % activity) and rainbow trout (20 % activity). The production of cytokines by pronephric leukocytes had a similar pattern. The results showed that iridovirus decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the IL-1-like protein and IL-6-like protein production and the highest inhibitory influence in sheatfish was observed. This preliminary in vitro comparative study demonstrated a suppressive influence of the iridovirus-like pathogen on macrophage activity and cytokine-like protein production in carp, rainbow trout and sheatfish, but the highest immunosuppressive effect was observed in sheatfish.
NSF values mid-scale infrastructure (2016)

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Direct Quantification of Left Ventricular Motion and Thickening Changes Using Rest–Stress Myocardial Perfusion SPECT (2012)

We established normal limits and a novel method for computation of regional functional changes between the rest and poststress studies. Compared with TPD alone, the combination of TPD with MTC improved the sensitivity for the detection of 3VD and 2VD.
Void formation and inhibition of layer intermixing in ion-impIanted GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices (1989)

Voids have been found in the near-surface region of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices in a transmission electron microscopy study. The superlattices were Si- or Al-implanted and subsequently either furnace or rapid thermally annealed. Concurrent with the presence of voids is an inhibition of superlattice layer intermixing enhancement in the near-surface region. This inhibition does not occur in the deeper region of the samples where voids are not found. The voids can form via condensation of the Ga and As vacancies produced by the implantation process. We suggest that voids can depress dopant activation, suppress dopant diffusion, and inhibit the superlattice layer intermixing enhancement.
Deflection monitoring and assessment for a suspension bridge using a connected pipe system: a case study in China (2015)

This paper discusses the application of a connected pipe system (CPS) to a suspension bridge in China for the purpose of vertical deflection monitoring and assessment. The CPS mainly consists of three main parts: the pressure transmitters to detect the height change of liquid, the pipes to connect the reference point and measurement points, and the liquid to fill the connected pipes. Multiple pressure transmitters, taken as the measurement point, were mounted inside of the girder. A reference transmitter was mounted inside of a tower, taken as a fixed point. To verify the performance and reliability of the CPS, a controlled load test after the completion of the bridge construction and an uncontrolled load test under the actual traffic loading were carried out. The results showed that the CPS exhibited excellent capability in real-time measurement of vertical deflection of the suspension bridge. With the long-term deflection data monitored by the CPS, the extreme deflections with respect to vehicle loads were predicted by extreme value analysis. The generalized extreme value distribution was adopted to establish the probability models of the daily maximum and minimum deflection sequences, and then the extreme deflections within the design reference period of 100 years were determined based on the probability models. Comparison of the extreme deflections and the deflection thresholds was carried out. The deflection monitoring and assessment method proposed in this paper have shown high potential of applicability in the practice of health monitoring for long-span bridges. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One Pot Synthesis of Bisphosphonate Esters: A Way to Synthesize Tetraphosphonate Esters (1999)

Abstract Several methods for the preparation of symmetrical bisphosphonates of general type (RO)2P(O)(R′OH)P(O)(OR)2, have been developed, and investigated for their pharmacological. Pharmacological screening of these bisphosphonates have shown that these compounds have potent cardiovascular activity and are. potentialy useful in the treatment of hypertension. In this work we described of new method “one pot” for the synthesis of hydroxy bis and tetra phosphonates (I, II, III and IV).
The HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein dynamically regulates its condensate behavior and drives acceleration of protease activity through membraneless granular phase separation (2019)

Abstract A growing number of studies indicate that mRNAs and long ncRNAs can affect protein populations by assembling dynamic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. These phase separated molecular ‘sponges’, stabilized by quinary (transient and weak) interactions, control proteins involved in numerous biological functions. Retroviruses such as HIV-1 form by self-assembly when their genomic RNA (gRNA) traps Gag and GagPol polyprotein precursors. Infectivity requires extracellular budding of the particle followed by maturation, an ordered processing of ~2400 Gag and ~120 GagPol by viral protease (PR). This leads to a condensed gRNA-NCp7 nucleocapsid and a CAp24-self-assembled capsid surrounding the RNP. The choreography by which all of these components dynamically interact during virus maturation is one of the missing milestones to fully depict the HIV life cycle. Here, we describe how HIV-1 has evolved a dynamic RNP granule with successive weak-strong-moderate quinary NC-gRNA networks during the sequential processing of the GagNC domain. We also reveal two palindromic RNA-binding triads on NC, KxxFxxQ and QxxFxxK, that provide quinary NC-gRNA interactions. Consequently, the nucleocapsid complex appears properly aggregated for capsid reassembly and reverse transcription, mandatory processes for viral infectivity. We show that PR is sequestered within this RNP and drives its maturation/condensation within minutes, this process being most effective at the end of budding. We anticipate such findings will stimulate further investigations of quinary interactions and emergent mechanisms in crowded environments throughout the wide and growing array of RNP granules.
Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups (2021)

Iron-fortified formulas and iron drops (both usually ferrous sulfate, FS) prevent early life iron deficiency, but may delay growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment by providing excess iron. We used a rat pup model to investigate iron status, growth, and development outcomes following daily iron supplementation (10 mg iron/kg body weight, representative of iron-fortified formula levels) with FS or an alternative, bioavailable form of iron, ferrous bis-glycinate chelate (FC). On postnatal day (PD) 2, sex-matched rat litters (<i>n</i> = 3 litters, 10 pups each) were randomly assigned to receive FS, FC, or vehicle control until PD 14. On PD 15, we evaluated systemic iron regulation and CNS mineral interactions and we interrogated iron loading outcomes in the hippocampus, in search of mechanisms by which iron may influence neurodevelopment. Body iron stores were elevated substantially in iron-supplemented pups. All pups gained weight normally, but brain size on PD 15 was dependent on iron source. This may have been associated with reduced hippocampal oxidative stress but was not associated with CNS mineral interactions, iron regulation, or myelination, as these were unchanged with iron supplementation. Additional studies are warranted to investigate iron form effects on neurodevelopment so that iron recommendations can be optimized for all infants.
Outcomes of Resident-versus attending-performed Tube Shunt Surgeries in a United States Residency Program (2018)

Attendings may consider incorporating more resident performed, attending supervised TS procedures into their clinical practice as surgical training to manage common ophthalmological conditions like glaucoma is essential to residency training.<b>How to cite this article:</b> Thangamathesvaran L, Crane E, Modi K, Khouri AS. Outcomes of Resident-versus attending-performed Tube Shunt Surgeries in a United States Residency Program. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018;12(2):53-58.
Building Research Infrastructure in Magnet® Hospitals: Current Status and Future Directions (2017)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the infrastructures supporting research in Magnet® hospitals. BACKGROUND Hospitals undertaking the journey toward Magnet designation must build research and evidence-based practice (EBP) infrastructures that support the infusion of research and EBP into clinical practice. METHODS An electronic survey was developed and distributed to the chief nursing officer or Magnet coordinator of all Magnet hospitals between June 10, 2015, and July 8, 2015. RESULTS Of the 418 Magnet hospitals invited, 249 responses (60%) were received. Resources dedicated to nursing research were difficult to isolate from those for EBP. Supporting clinical nurses' time away from the bedside remains a challenge. Nearly half (44%) indicated that research is conducted within the nurses' usual clinical hours, and 40% indicated that nurses participate on their own time. CONCLUSIONS Hospitals use a variety of resources and mentor arrangements to support research and EBP, often the same resources. More targeted resources are needed to fully integrate research into clinical practice.
Structural Variations of an Organic Glassformer Vapor-Deposited onto a Temperature Gradient Stage (2011)

The structural properties of vapor-deposited organic glasses have been shown to depend significantly upon the temperature of the substrate during the deposition. In order to systematically study this effect, a stage was designed to maintain a linear temperature gradient of 80 K across a substrate during vapor deposition. Brillouin light scattering was used to measure the longitudinal sound velocity of glasses of indomethacin at each deposition temperature by performing measurements at many positions along the direction of the temperature gradient. Glasses with exceptionally high longitudinal moduli are formed at deposition temperatures between 0.7Tg and 0.9Tg, where Tg is the glass transition temperature. In this regime, the observed dependence of the deposition rate on the longitudinal modulus is consistent with glass formation via enhanced surface mobility. Glasses prepared at low temperatures were observed to have longitudinal moduli up to 20% less than the modulus of ordinary glass of indomethacin.
Limits of Nanomechanical Resonators (2006)

The authors have constructed nanotube-based nanomechanical resonators designed to investigate the upper limits of nanomechanical resonator frequency and quality factor. The ultra-high-frequency resonator relies on abacus-style inertial clamps of metal deposited along the length of the nanotube beam to shorten its effective length and thus raise its resonant frequency. The high-Q nanoresonator design utilizes the unique telescoping property of multiwalled carbon nanotubes to obtain a pristine surface, which may help reduce dissipation.
HER-2/neu amplification and overexpression in primary human breast cancer is associated with early metastasis. (1992)

The etiology of human breast cancer is poorly understood and no specific marker of transformation has been identified. Amplification of HER-2/neu, as reported in a comprehensive study by Slamon et al, was found to be the most powerful predictor of disease-free and overall survival after the status of the axillary lymph nodes. Our study examines the HER-2/neu oncogene in 61 primary human breast cancers at both the DNA level (by Southern blotting) and the protein level (by immunohistochemical methods). Of the 61 tumors analyzed in our study, 17 (28%) had amplification of HER-2/neu. There was no significant correlation of HER-2/neu amplification with age, tumor diameter or hormone receptor status; however, amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu was significantly correlated with the status of the axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.02). Of 16 patients with amplification of HER-2/neu, 14 (88%) had positive regional nodes. One of the two node negative cases with amplified HER-2/neu had bone marrow micrometastasis. Overall, 16 out of 17 (94%) tumors of the patients having amplified HER-2/neu had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. In summary, HER-2/neu amplification is associated with early tumor dissemination in primary human breast cancer and may be a marker of poor prognosis.
Synchronization in Cartesian-Product Networks of Time-Delay Coupled Systems (2015)

We present a theoretical result about synchronization in Cartesian-product networks of coupled semipassive systems interconnected through diffusive time-delay couplings. Firstly, for two diffusively time-delay coupled systems, we give sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of a region S* in the (coupling strength, time delay)-parameter space, such that if these parameters belong to the region, the two coupled systems synchronize. Then, using this region S* and the properties of the Cartesian-product, we derive a method to predict the values of coupling strength and time-delay for which diffusive time-delay coupled systems on Cartesian-product networks synchronize. The obtained theoretical results are experimentally validated using an experimental setup built around electronic circuit realizations of the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model.
AMYNA: A security generator framework (2014)

Security has always been an important concern in Computer Systems. In this paper we focus on zero-day, memory-based attacks, one of the top three most dangerous attacks according to the MITRE ranking, and propose AMYNA, a novel security generator framework/model., which can automatically create personalized optimum security solutions. Motivated by the most prevailing security methods, which target a limited set of attacks, but do so efficiently and effectively, we present the idea and architecture of AMYNA, which can automatically combine security methods represented in a high-level model in order to produce a security solution with elevated security coverage.