gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro radiosensitization by oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in a human colon cancer cell line (2005)

The current study was designed to compare the radiosensitizing effects of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in a human colon cancer cell line. A human colon cancer cell line (S1) was treated with various doses of oxaliplatin, 5FU, radiation, and combinations thereof. Various clinically used schedules were mimicked. 5FU was either incubated during 1 h ("bolus") or 24 h ("continuous infusion"). When combining oxaliplatin and 5FU, an isobologram analysis revealed synergistic effects, regardless of 5FU schedule. The IC(10) and IC(50)-doses for the drugs where then combined with radiotherapy. With equitoxic drug doses (IC(50)), radiosensitization was observed in the following order: oxaliplatin > 5FU 24 h > 5FU 1 h exposure. The degree of potentiation corresponded to approximately 0.8 Gy, 0.7 Gy, and 0.2 Gy, respectively. In this experimental setting, oxaliplatin seemed to be a better radiosensitizer than 5FU, and longer incubation time with 5FU was better than short exposure.
Pyrolysis of tobacco residue: Part 1. Thermal (2011)

The pyrolysis of two types of tobacco residue was carried out at different pyrolysis temperatures between 300 and 600 °C and a residence time of 1 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the product distributions was investigated and the composition of the bio-oils identified. The variation in product distribution depended on both the temperature and the type of tobacco residues. The maximum liquid yields were obtained at 400°C for one sample and at 500°C for the other. The compositions of bio-oils from the pyrolysis of the two samples were found to be very similar. N-containing compounds were found to be the major compounds identified in ether extracts for both samples.
Vision guided navigation based on dark regions and template matching for capsule endoscopies (2013)

In this paper, a novel navigation based on vision for wireless capsule endoscopies is proposed. The algorithm based on dark regions was improved by setting the Region of Interest (ROI) to limit the search coverage around the last navigation point, introducing the morphology method to eliminate diverticula and vesicae and raising the concept of position weight to reckon navigation points in the case of lacking for valid dark regions. Besides that, we proposed the method based on template matching, which is common in industrial detection, to navigate when the method mentioned above fails. Finally, the two methods were fused and it's proved beneficial to both the success rate and the computation speed by simulation and experiments.
Expansion of Myocutaneous Flaps (1985)

The controlled expansion of myocutaneous flaps offers a potential means of increasing their size. The pectoralis major flap was successfully expanded in pigs, giving mean percentage increases in the axial lengths of 32% and widths of 51% over nonexpanded controls. Angiographic and histomorphologic studies of the expanded flaps demonstrated the vascular and histologic changes that resulted. This new surgical technique should prove valuable in extending the field of head and neck reconstruction in man.
C-φ Characterization Model for Design of Asphalt Mixtures and Asphalt Pavements (2005)

Abstract This paper reports the results of a research effort initiated in the early 1990s to develop a C-φ (cohesion-angle of friction) characterization model for the design of asphalt mixtures and asphalt pavements. It is demonstrated that, since the model is based on the fundamental material properties represented by C and φ, it can derive analytically other asphalt mix design parameters such as Marshall stability and flow, and indirect tensile strength. The C-φ characterization model therefore offers a useful basis for the development of a comprehensive design framework that integrates asphalt mix design with asphalt pavement structural design. To demonstrate this capability, the research developed an empirical-mechanistic rutting prediction model of asphalt pavement layer using the C-φ characterization model. In addition, the model allows stresses and strains under design loading to be computed, which can be applied as input to structural analysis for asphalt material selection and pavement thickness design.
[P3–040]: PDE9 INHIBITION IMPROVES COGNITION IN MICE BY A MECHANISM DIFFERENT FROM THE ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE INHIBITOR DONEPEZIL (2017)

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the brain have shown to play an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Within this target class is PDE9, which specifically regulates the second messenger cGMP in neurons related to NMDA receptor signaling and is expressed in cognition relevant regions of the brain. Thus, PDE9 inhibitors are hypothesized to improve cognitive function via increasing NMDA receptor related cGMP signalling pathway to strengthen synaptic plasticity. This study characterizes the effect of a PDE9 inhibitor (compound A) on reversal of cognitively impaired mice in the T-maze task. In addition, brain cGMP levels were measured in these mice and correlated with memory performance in this task, and furthermore, compared with the effects of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor donepezil. The molecular potency of compound A for PDE9 was determined using cytosolic extracts of SF9 insect cells over-expressing full-length human enzyme employing SPA technology. Regarding cognition, compound A was tested for reversal of MK-801 induced memory impairment in the mouse T-maze spontaneous alternation task after intraperitoneal administration. Subsequently, cGMP levels in mouse prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum were measured by using enzyme immunoassay technique. The IC50 value of compound A on PDE9 was determined to be 88 nM. Regarding cognition, the PDE9 inhibitor could improve MK-801 induced memory deficits in the mouse T-maze task which was positively correlated with cGMP increase in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum, brain regions relevant for performance in this task. Donepezil also led to an improvement of memory deficits in the T-maze task, but this was not correlated with cGMP increase in brain. The study shows that compound A is a potent PDE9 inhibitor, and - corroborating previous reports on memory enhancing efficacy of other PDE9 inhibitors in rodents - it shows cognition enhancing efficacy in the mouse T-maze task. In contrast to donepezil, improvement of memory performance by PDE9 inhibition was correlated with a cGMP increase in cognitively relevant brain regions. Therefore, these data further demonstrate that PDE9 inhibition may be a potential approach to pharmacologically improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease by a different mechanism compared to donepezil.
Alterations of Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Rats with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Wasting Syndrome and Effects of Ghrelin Treatment on the Syndrome (2003)

Ghrelin not only strongly stimulates GH secretion, but is also involved in energy homeostasis by stimulating food intake and promoting adiposity through a GH-independent mechanism. These effects of ghrelin may play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory wasting syndrome, in which both the somatotropic axis and energy balance are altered. In this study we investigated plasma ghrelin concentrations after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to rats, a model of the wasting syndrome and critical illness. In addition, the therapeutic potential of the antiwasting effects of ghrelin was explored using LPS-injected rats. A single LPS injection suppressed plasma ghrelin levels 6 and 12 h later. Maximal reduction was observed 12 h after LPS injection, in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, plasma ghrelin levels were elevated after repeated LPS injections on d 2 and 5. Peripheral administration of ghrelin twice daily (10 nmol/rat) for 5 d increased body weight gain in repeated LPS-injected rats. Furthermore, both adipose tissue weight and plasma leptin concentrations were increased after ghrelin administration in these rats. In conclusion, plasma ghrelin levels are altered in LPS-injected rats, and ghrelin treatment may provide a new therapeutic approach to the wasting syndrome and critical illness.
Comparison of Biological Effects on Human Keratinocytes Using Different Plasma Treatment Regimes (2013)

This study investigated the influence of the plasma treatment regime on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). HaCaT cells were plasma treated with a volume dielectric barrier discharge plasma source in three different ways: directly, directly with culture medium exchange, and indirectly (in which only cell culture medium was exposed to plasma). The influence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on viability, DNA, cell cycle, and intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells was investigated. Direct and indirect plasma treatment caused a treatment time-dependent decrease of viable cells. An increase in DNA damage was observed immediately after plasma treatment, which was diminished after 24 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species increased with longer plasma treatment times. The cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase at the expense of cells in the G1 phase. An immediate exchange of culture medium after plasma treatment attenuated the described effects. Direct and indirect plasma treatment of adherent HaCaT cells resulted in comparable effects that depend on the plasma treatment time. Physical plasma seems to generate long-living reactive species or to modify organic components of the cell culture medium. Both mechanisms can initiate oxidative stress in human keratinocytes, which is responsible for the observed effects.
Recommended Guidelines for Submission, Trimming, Margin Evaluation, and Reporting of Tumor Biopsy Specimens in Veterinary Surgical Pathology (2010)

Neoplastic diseases are typically diagnosed by biopsy and histopathological evaluation. The pathology report is key in determining prognosis, therapeutic decisions, and overall case management and therefore requires diagnostic accuracy, completeness, and clarity. Successful management relies on collaboration between clinical veterinarians, oncologists, and pathologists. To date there has been no standardized approach or guideline for the submission, trimming, margin evaluation, or reporting of neoplastic biopsy specimens in veterinary medicine. To address this issue, a committee consisting of veterinary pathologists and oncologists was established under the auspices of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists Oncology Committee. These consensus guidelines were subsequently reviewed and endorsed by a large international group of veterinary pathologists. These recommended guidelines are not mandated but rather exist to help clinicians and veterinary pathologists optimally handle neoplastic biopsy samples. Many of these guidelines represent the collective experience of the committee members and consensus group when assessing neoplastic lesions from veterinary patients but have not met the rigors of definitive scientific study and investigation. These questions of technique, analysis, and evaluation should be put through formal scrutiny in rigorous clinical studies in the near future so that more definitive guidelines can be derived.
Macroscopic pseudo-ductile response of polymers under multiaxial stress states - Generic crack patterns (2002)

U532-U532
Global stability analysis of a TCP/AQM protocol for arbitrary networks with delay (2004)

We investigate global stability of fast AQM scalable TCP (FAST), a network congestion control scheme for the Internet modelled by a nonlinear delay differential equation with heterogeneous delays. The stability conditions resemble the ones from the linearization, are delay-dependent and scalable for arbitrary network sizes; the special structure of the system and the choice of TCP/AQM dynamics allow the construction of appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals in a scalable way.
1,N2-Etheno-2′-deoxyguanosine Adopts the syn Conformation about the Glycosyl Bond When Mismatched with Deoxyadenosine (2011)

The oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-CGCATXGAATCC-3'·5'-GGATTCAATGCG-3' containing 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N(2)-εdG) opposite deoxyadenosine (named the 1,N(2)-εdG·dA duplex) models the mismatched adenine product associated with error-prone bypass of 1,N(2)-εdG by the Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) and by Escherichia coli polymerases pol I exo(-) and pol II exo(-). At pH 5.2, the T(m) of this duplex was increased by 3 °C as compared to the duplex in which the 1,N(2)-εdG lesion is opposite dC, and it was increased by 2 °C compared to the duplex in which guanine is opposite dA (the dG·dA duplex). A strong NOE between the 1,N(2)-εdG imidazole proton and the anomeric proton of the attached deoxyribose, accompanied by strong NOEs to the minor groove A(20) H2 proton and the mismatched A(19) H2 proton from the complementary strand, establish that 1,N(2)-εdG rotated about the glycosyl bond from the anti to the syn conformation. The etheno moiety was placed into the major groove. This resulted in NOEs between the etheno protons and T(5) CH(3). A strong NOE between A(20) H2 and A(19) H2 protons established that A(19), opposite to 1,N(2)-εdG, adopted the anti conformation and was directed toward the helix. The downfield shifts of the A(19) amino protons suggested protonation of dA. Thus, the protonated 1,N(2)-εdG·dA base pair was stabilized by hydrogen bonds between 1,N(2)-εdG N1 and A(19) N1H(+) and between 1,N(2)-εdG O(9) and A(19)N(6)H. The broad imino proton resonances for the 5'- and 3'-flanking bases suggested that both neighboring base pairs were perturbed. The increased stability of the 1,N(2)-εdG·dA base pair, compared to that of the 1,N(2)-εdG·dC base pair, correlated with the mismatch adenine product observed during the bypass of 1,N(2)-εdG by the Dpo4 polymerase, suggesting that stabilization of this mismatch may be significant with regard to the biological processing of 1,N(2)-εdG.
Lensing system and Fourier transformation using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials (2012)

Metamaterials and metastructures with effective relative permittivity near zero exhibit unusual wave properties such as uniform phase distributions across such domains. Here we discuss the possibility of using \ensuremath{\epsilon}-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials for lensing and Fourier transforming. Owing to the possibility of having ENZ metamaterials in different wavelength regimes, the concepts shown here can be utilized at any frequency bands in which such materials can be constructed.
High Complicated Shaping and Functionalizing the Powder Compacts by Laser Sintering (2006)

This study investigates the characteristic of single-layered and multi-layered compacts made by selective laser sintering using blended bimodal titanium powders. The surface texture and tensile strength were investigated by using single-layered compact. There were few defects in the surface of specimen sintered in vacuum, and the roughness was smoother than that of specimen sintered in argon. Maximum tensile strength of single-layered compact sintered in vacuum was about 200MPa. The shrinkage and mechanical strength were investigated by using multi-layered compact. There was a unique tendency in the shrinkage of multi-layered compacts, which the density was around 76% and the adhesive bonding was not observed between layers, resulted in 70MPa of maximum bending strength and 50MPa of maximum tensile strength.
Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects (2023)

Abstract. Near-wake effects of wind turbine models using the free-vortex wake have been extensively studied, but there is a lack of validation for such predictions in the mid to far wake. This paper presents a novel validation study using three free-vortex wake models of increasing complexity: an actuator disc, an actuator disc with rotation, and an actuator-line model. We emphasise the application for dynamic wind farm flow control optimisation with a focus on wake redirection using yaw misalignment. For that purpose, surrogate wake models should provide sufficiently accurate power predictions at low computational expense. Three sets of wind tunnel data are used for validation: flow measurements under steady yaw misalignment, time-resolved flow measurements for a step change in yaw, and turbine output measurements with yaw control and simulated wind direction variation. Results indicate that the actuator-disc model provides the best balance of computational cost and accuracy in power predictions for the mid to far wake, which is not significantly improved upon by the addition of rotation. In the near wake, the added complexity of the actuator-line model may provide value as it models blade loading and individual tip vortices. Altogether, this study conclusively demonstrates that the actuator-disc model is suitable for yaw control optimisation and provides important validation for further studies into optimisation of wake steering under time-varying conditions.
Comparison between Chicken and Rabbit Antibody Based Particle Enhanced Cystatin C Reagents for Immunoturbidimetry (2007)

We have compared three commercial particle enhanced cystatin C reagents. One of the reagents utilizes chicken antibodies and the other two reagents are rabbit antibody based. We show that the chicken antibody based reagent yields a higher delta absorbance when reacting with the antigen. IgY coupled to latex particles show a strong scatter response even at high antigen concentrations in contrast to the steep decline in scatter previously reported for IgY antibodies in solution. The reagent also showed a low CV for duplicate samples. Laying hens thus seems as an interesting source of antibodies for particle-enhanced immunoassays.
Dialysis Hypotension—Is It Related to Diastolic Left Ventricular Malfunction? (1987)

Journal Article Dialysis Hypotension—Is It Related to Diastolic Left Ventricular Malfunction? Get access E. Ritz, E. Ritz Departments of Internal Medicine (I), Cardiology (III), and Pathology, University of HeidelbergGermany (FRG) Correspondence and offprint requests to: Professor E. Ritz, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Ruffmann, K. Ruffmann Departments of Internal Medicine (I), Cardiology (III), and Pathology, University of HeidelbergGermany (FRG) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Rambausek, M. Rambausek Departments of Internal Medicine (I), Cardiology (III), and Pathology, University of HeidelbergGermany (FRG) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Mall, G. Mall Departments of Internal Medicine (I), Cardiology (III), and Pathology, University of HeidelbergGermany (FRG) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Schmidli M. Schmidli Departments of Internal Medicine (I), Cardiology (III), and Pathology, University of HeidelbergGermany (FRG) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 2, Issue 5, 1987, Pages 293–297, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091563 Published: 01 January 1987
Chirp Control of Semiconductor Laser by Using Hybrid Modulation (2018)

Frequency chirp of a semiconductor laser is controlled by using hybrid modulation, which simultaneously modulates intra-cavity loss and injection current to the laser. The positive adiabatic chirp of injection-current modulation is compensated with the negative adiabatic chirp created by intra-cavity-loss modulation, which enhances the chromatic-dispersion tolerance of the laser. A proof-of-concept transmission experiment confirmed that the hybrid modulation laser has a larger dispersion tolerance than conventional directly modulated lasers due to the negative frequency chirp originating from intra-cavity-loss modulation.
Photon antibunching in single-walled carbon nanotubes at telecommunication wavelengths and room temperature (2015)

We investigated the photoluminescence of individual air-suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from 6 to 300 K. Time-resolved and antibunching measurements over the telecommunication wavelength range were performed using a superconducting single-photon detector. We detected moderate temperature independent antibunching behavior over the whole temperature range studied. To investigate the exciton dynamics, which is responsible for the antibunching behavior, we measured excitation-power and temperature dependence of the photoluminescence spectra and lifetime decay curves. These measurements suggested an exciton confinement effect that is likely caused by high-dielectric amorphous carbon surrounding the SWNTs. These results indicate that SWNTs are good candidates for light sources in quantum communication technologies operating in the telecommunication wavelength range and at room temperature.
Inhibition of the Activin Receptor Type-2B Pathway Restores Regenerative Capacity in Satellite Cell-Depleted Skeletal Muscle (2018)

Degenerative myopathies typically display a decline in satellite cells coupled with a replacement of muscle fibers by fat and fibrosis. During this pathological remodeling, satellite cells are present at lower numbers and do not display a proper regenerative function. Whether a decline in satellite cells directly contributes to disease progression or is a secondary result is unknown. In order to dissect these processes, we used a genetic model to reduce the satellite cell population by ~70-80% which leads to a nearly complete loss of regenerative potential. We observe that while no overt tissue damage is observed following satellite cell depletion, muscle fibers atrophy accompanied by changes in the stem cell niche cellular composition. Treatment of these mice with an Activin receptor type-2B (AcvR2B) pathway blocker reverses muscle fiber atrophy as expected, but also restores regenerative potential of the remaining satellite cells. These findings demonstrate that in addition to controlling fiber size, the AcvR2B pathway acts to regulate the muscle stem cell niche providing a more favorable environment for muscle regeneration.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal ventricular volume changes in chronic schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis, and ultra-high risk individuals (2008)

Cross-sectional and longitudinal ventricular volume changes in chronic schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis, and ultra-high risk individuals
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF EVAPORATION FROM BARE SOIL UNDER TRANSIENT PARTIAL SHADING, WITH ANALYSIS OF ADVECTION EFFECTS (1983)

We conducted an experiment to measure the evaporation rate from a soil surface as affected by transient shading. The soil surface temperature showed abrupt changes when the shading began and when it ended. Because temperature is a major factor regulating vapor pressure, the evaporation rate (latent heat flux) from the soil surface was strongly affected by shading. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of a previously published mathematical model. The validity of the simulation model improved when the effect of advection was taken into account.
Circulating metabolites and lipids are associated with glycaemic measures in South Asians (2020)

A metabolomic signature in South Asians may help determine the unique aetiology of diabetes in this high-risk ethnic group. Future work will externally validate our findings and determine the effects of modifiable risk factors for DM.