gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose on secretion in human platelets. Differential inhibition of the secretion of acid hydrolases and adenine nucleotides (1979)

1. Shape change, aggregation and secretion of dense-granule constituents in platelets differ in their dependence on cellular energy metabolism. The possibility that such a difference also exists between secretion of dense-granule constituents and acid hydrolases was investigated. 2. Human platelets were incubated with [(14)C]adenine in plasma, and then washed and resuspended in salt solutions. The effects of incubating the cells with antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose on the concentrations of [(14)C]ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and inosine plus hypoxanthine and on thrombin-induced secretion of ATP plus ADP and acid hydrolases were studied. The metabolic inhibitors only affected (14)C-labelled nucleotides, whereas thrombin only liberated unlabelled ATP and ADP. 3. The extent of secretion decreased progressively with time during incubation with the metabolic inhibitors. At any time the secretion of acid hydrolases, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase was inhibited to a greater extent than secretion of ATP plus ADP (dense-granule secretion). 4. Incubation with the metabolic inhibitors shifted the log (dose)-response relationship to higher thrombin concentrations, and with a greater shift for acid hydrolase secretion than for dense-granule secretion. 5. Antimycin, when present alone, caused a marked decrease in the rate of acid hydrolase secretion, but had no effect on dense-granule secretion. 6. These results further support the view that acid hydrolase secretion and dense-granule secretion are separate processes with different requirements for ATP energy. Acid hydrolase secretion, but not dense-granule secretion, appears to depend on a simultaneous rapid generation of ATP, which can be accomplished by oxidative, but not by glycolytic, ATP production.
Development of a compact simple unpressurized Watt‐level low‐temperature‐differential Stirling engine (2020)

Despite the fast advance of modern technology, poverty is still a serious problem in many developing countries; and more than 1 billion people are having no access to electricity. For these people, even a few Watts of electricity supply for lighting can make a big difference. In this study, a simple, compact, unpressurized, Watt-level low-temperature-differential Stirling engine has been developed aiming to solve the lighting problem in developing countries. The engine in this study is compact. Yet, it is capable of delivering useful electrical power. It is a γ-type Stirling engine with twin power pistons. The diameter of the displacer cylinder is 220 mm, comparable to the size of a cooking pot, and the weight of the engine is under 5 kg. Two energy-conservation/heat-transfer enhancement measures have been incorporated into the engine's design: one is adopting a displacer/regenerator unit, and the other is machining engine-turn slotted grooves on its hot- and cold-end plates. CFD analysis showed that the combination of both measures could effectively improve the performance of the engine. Experiments were conducted to examine the engine's performance. In one experiment, the engine produced 3.7 W of electric power as temperature difference was 100°C, and its power was found to be almost linearly proportional to temperature difference. With a higher temperature difference of 140°C, the electric power reached 5.3 W. Another experiment that operated the engine for a prolonged period has proven the reliability of the engine's performance for long-time use. In practice, the engine can be operated by putting it on a stove table, and the residual heat from cooking is good enough to power the engine to produce usable electricity. Or it can be directly put on a wood fire to generate even higher electrical power.
Mycophenolic acid versus azathioprine as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients (2015)

MMF was superior to AZA for improvement of graft survival and prevention of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. These benefits must be weighed against potential harms such as tissue-invasive CMV disease. However, assessment of the evidence on safety outcomes was limited due to rare events in the observation periods of the studies (e.g. malignancies) and inconsistent reporting and definitions (e.g. infections, adverse events). Thus, balancing benefits and harms of the two drugs remains a major task of the transplant physician to decide which agent the individual patient should be started on.
Email classifier: An ensemble using probability and rules (2013)

On a low cost and effective communication via internet using emails, spam mails have come up as a dark spot. Many researchers have proposed a solution to this spam problem by using one classifier or combining more than one classifier. The latter has proved to be much more efficient than the individual classifiers. In this paper, we propose an elementary classifier combination, diversified both by features set and different classifiers. The proposed ensemble combines multiple classifiers in four levels such that a test set given to each classifier depends on the previous level's classifier results. Also, the proposed scheme uses meta-learning technique. The ultimate decision is made using the classifiers prediction, their probability of prediction and some combining rules to classify legitimate and spam mails more precisely. We evaluate the performance of our scheme in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and ROC curve. All of these performance measure shows that our scheme is more accurate than individual classifiers.
gp130 at the nexus of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer (2010)

Glycoprotein 130 (gp130) is a shared receptor utilized by several related cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF), Oncostatin M (OSM), Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) and Cardiotrophin-like Cytokine (CLC). Gp130 plays critical roles during development and gp130-deficient mice are embryonically lethal. However, the best characterized facet of this receptor and its associated cytokines is the ability to promote or suppress inflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of gp130 in promoting or preventing the development of autoimmunity and cancer, two processes that are associated with aberrant inflammatory responses.
Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding a specific processing alpha-mannosidase (1991)

We have isolated the gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding an alpha-mannosidase of unique specificity which catalyzes the removal of one mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc to produce a single isomer of Man8GlcNAc (Jelinek-Kelly, S., and Herscovics, A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 14757-14763). Amino acid sequence information was obtained and corresponding degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized for polymerase chain reactions on yeast genomic DNA. The labeled polymerase chain reaction products were used to screen a S. cerevisiae genomic library in YEp24, and positive clones of different lengths with similar restriction maps were isolated. A 4.6-kilobase fragment which hybridized with the probes was sequenced. It contained a 1650-base pair open reading frame encoding peptide sequences corresponding to the amino acid sequences of the purified alpha-mannosidase. The gene, designated MNS1, encodes a 549-amino acid polypeptide of calculated molecular size 63,017 Da produced by an mRNA species of approximately 1.7 kilobases. The protein possesses a putative noncleavable signal sequence near its N-terminal region which probably acts as a transmembrane domain. It has three potential N-glycosylation sites and a calcium-binding consensus sequence. Its amino acid sequence is homologous to the recently isolated cDNA from rabbit liver alpha-1,2 mannosidase which can transform Man9GlcNAc to Man5GlcNAc (Moremen, K. W., Schutzbach, J. S., Forsee, W. T., Neame, P., Bishoff, J., Lodish, H. F., and Robbins, P. W. (1990) Glycoconjugate J. 7, 401). Overexpression of the MNS1 gene caused an 8-10-fold increase in specific alpha-mannosidase activity. Disruption of the MNS1 gene resulted in undetectable specific alpha-mannosidase activity but no apparent effect on growth. These results demonstrate that MNS1 is the structural gene for the specific alpha-mannosidase and that its activity is not essential for viability.
Achieving Optimal Growth through Product Feedback Inhibition in Metabolism (2010)

Recent evidence suggests that the metabolism of some organisms, such as Escherichia coli, is remarkably efficient, producing close to the maximum amount of biomass per unit of nutrient consumed. This observation raises the question of what regulatory mechanisms enable such efficiency. Here, we propose that simple product-feedback inhibition by itself is capable of leading to such optimality. We analyze several representative metabolic modules--starting from a linear pathway and advancing to a bidirectional pathway and metabolic cycle, and finally to integration of two different nutrient inputs. In each case, our mathematical analysis shows that product-feedback inhibition is not only homeostatic but also, with appropriate feedback connections, can minimize futile cycling and optimize fluxes. However, the effectiveness of simple product-feedback inhibition comes at the cost of high levels of some metabolite pools, potentially associated with toxicity and osmotic imbalance. These large metabolite pool sizes can be restricted if feedback inhibition is ultrasensitive. Indeed, the multi-layer regulation of metabolism by control of enzyme expression, enzyme covalent modification, and allostery is expected to result in such ultrasensitive feedbacks. To experimentally test whether the qualitative predictions from our analysis of feedback inhibition apply to metabolic modules beyond linear pathways, we examine the case of nitrogen assimilation in E. coli, which involves both nutrient integration and a metabolic cycle. We find that the feedback regulation scheme suggested by our mathematical analysis closely aligns with the actual regulation of the network and is sufficient to explain much of the dynamical behavior of relevant metabolite pool sizes in nutrient-switching experiments.
High Numerical Aperture Epi-illumination Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (2018)

Selective-plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) provides unparalleled advantages for long-term volumetric imaging of living organisms. In order to achieve high-resolution imaging in common biological sample holders, we designed a high numerical aperture (NA) epi-illumination SPIM (eSPIM) system, which utilizes a single objective and has an identical sample interface as an inverted fluorescence microscope with no additional reflection elements. This system has an effective detection NA of &gt; 1.06. We demonstrated multicolor and fast volumetric imaging of live cells and single-molecule super-resolution microscopy using our system.
Expression of ICAM-I protein in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B liver failure (2008)

Objective To study the role of hepatic expression of ICAM-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver of 12 patients with CHB and 10 patients with CLF. Results The expession of ICAM-1 protein in CLF liver tissues (198.95±3.32) was significantly higher than that in CHB (22.00±2.24). In 10 cases of CLF liver tissue, the level of ICAM-1 expression was positively correlated with PTa (r=0.489, P0.05). Conclusion In patients with CLF, the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellularnecrosis and the severity of ICAM-1 expression can reflect the degree of liver damage and the condition of liver functions.
Two Genetic Differences between Closely Related Zika Virus Strains Determine Pathogenic Outcome in Mice (2020)

Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and unexpected clinical manifestations of ZIKV infection have prompted an increase in ZIKV-related research. Here, we identify two strain-specific determinants of ZIKV virulence in mice. We found that strain H/PF/2013 caused 100% lethality in <i>Ifnar1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, whereas PRVABC59 caused no lethality; both strains caused 100% lethality in <i>Ifnar1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ifngr1</i><sup>-/-</sup> double-knockout (DKO) mice. Deep sequencing revealed a high-frequency variant in PRVABC59 not present in H/PF/2013: a G-to-T change at nucleotide 1965 producing a Val-to-Leu substitution at position 330 of the viral envelope (E) protein. We show that the V330 variant is lethal on both virus strain backgrounds, whereas the L330 variant is attenuating only on the PRVABC59 background. These results identify a balanced polymorphism in the E protein that is sufficient to attenuate the PRVABC59 strain but not H/PF/2013. The consensus sequences of H/PF/2013 and PRVABC59 differ by 3 amino acids, but these were not responsible for the difference in virulence between the two strains. H/PF/2013 and PRVABC59 differ by an additional 31 noncoding or silent nucleotide changes. We made a panel of chimeric viruses with identical amino acid sequences but nucleotide sequences derived from H/PF/2013 or PRVABC59. We found that 6 nucleotide differences in the 3' quarter of the H/PF/2013 genome were sufficient to confer virulence in <i>Ifnar1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. Altogether, our work identifies a large and previously unreported difference in virulence between two commonly used ZIKV strains, in two widely used mouse models of ZIKV pathogenesis (<i>Ifnar1<sup>-/-</sup></i> and <i>Ifnar1<sup>-/-</sup> Ifngr1<sup>-/-</sup></i> DKO mice).<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Contemporary ZIKV strains are closely related and often used interchangeably in laboratory research. Here, we identify two strain-specific determinants of ZIKV virulence that are evident in only <i>Ifnar1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice but not <i>Ifnar1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ifngr1</i><sup>-/-</sup> DKO mice. These results identify a balanced polymorphism in the E protein that is sufficient to attenuate the PRVABC59 strain but not H/PF/2013. We further identify a second virulence determinant in the H/PF/2013 strain, which is driven by the viral nucleotide sequence but not the amino acid sequence. Altogether, our work identifies a large and previously unreported difference in virulence between two commonly used ZIKV strains, in two widely used mouse models of ZIKV pathogenesis. Our results highlight that even very closely related virus strains can produce significantly different pathogenic phenotypes in common laboratory models.
Mesure des flux pendant la croissance épitaxiale : balance à quartz, spectrométrie de masse, spectrométrie par impact d'électrons (2018)

International audience
10 Common Questions About Cryptosporidium (1998)

This article answers 10 commonly asked questions about Cryptosporidium.
Reduction of electrical baseband memory effect in high-power LDMOS devices using optimum termination for IMD<inf>3</inf> and IMD<inf>5</inf> using active load-pull (2008)

The usual approach in minimizing electrical memory in PA design is to terminate base-band impedances into a broadband short circuit, usually provided in the form of an array of bypass capacitors attached close to the output terminal of the device. This paper investigates the validity of this approach and compares linearity performance under different IF impedance terminations. Active IF load-pull is used as a modulation-frequency independent means of engineering the significant low-frequency IF voltage components generated as a result of two-tone excitation. Selective IF loads are presented in order to probe device linearity as a function of IF impedance. One significant observation is the existence of specific IF loads that result in the suppression of both IM3 and IM5 intermodulation components by more than 16dB and 10dB respectively, in comparison to the case of a conventional IF short termination. These investigations are performed using a 20W LDMOS device characterised at 2.1 GHz within a purpose built, high-power measurement system.
Robust Optimization-Based Affine Abstractions for Uncertain Affine Dynamics (2019)

This paper considers affine abstractions for over-approximating uncertain affine discrete-time systems, where the system uncertainties are represented by interval matrices, by a pair of affine functions in the sense of inclusion of all possible trajectories over the entire domain. The affine abstraction problem is a robust optimization problem with nonlinear uncertainties. To make this problem practically solvable, we convert the nonlinear uncertainties into linear uncertainties by exploiting the fact that the system uncertainties are hyperrectangles and thus, we only need to consider the vertices of the hyperrectangles instead of the entire uncertainty sets. Hence, affine abstraction can be solved efficiently by computing its corresponding robust counterpart to obtain a linear programming problem. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for abstracting uncertain driver intention models in an intersection crossing scenario.
Common-duty-ratio control of input-series connected modular DC-DC converters with active input voltage and load-current sharing (2006)

This paper proposes a simple control method to achieve active sharing of input voltage and load current among modular converters that are connected in series at the input and in parallel at the output. The input-series connection enables a fully modular power-system architecture, where low voltage and low power modules can be connected in any combination at the input and/or at the output, to realize any given specifications. Further, the input-series connection enables the use of low-voltage MOSFETs that are optimized for very low R/sub DSON/, thus, resulting in lower conduction losses. In the proposed scheme, the duty ratio to all the converter modules connected in input-series and output-parallel (ISOP) configuration is made common. This scheme does not require a dedicated input-voltage or load-current-share controller. It relies on the inherent self-correcting characteristic of the ISOP connection when the duty ratio of all the converters is the same. The proposed scheme is analyzed using the average model of a forward converter. The stability and performance of the scheme are verified through numerical simulation, both in frequency domain and in time domain. The proposed control method is also validated on an experimental prototype ISOP system comprising of two forward converters.
Acute Stress Masking the Biochemical Phenotype of Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in a Patient with a Novel Mutation in the Androgen Receptor (2004)

Hypogonadism has traditionally been classified as either hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic based on serum gonadotropin levels. However, when hypothalamic suppression of GnRH secretion occurs, it can mask an underlying hypergonadotropic state. In this report we document the unusual case of a 61-yr-old man with androgen insensitivity and coincidental functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Although functional HH is not a well-recognized entity in the male, major stress has been reported to cause transient suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men. The patient in question was noted to have undervirilization, minimal pubertal development, hypogonadal testosterone, and low gonadotropin levels consistent with congenital HH during a hospital admission for myocardial infarction. However, the patient had also had surgery for hypospadias, a clinical feature not typically part of the phenotypic spectrum of congenital HH. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of acute stress and chronic glucocorticoid administration for temporal arteritis induced transient HH in a patient with a disorder of sexual differentiation in whom gonadotropin levels would have otherwise been elevated. Using clinical, molecular, and genetic studies, the patient was found to have partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) caused by a novel mutation (Ser(740)Cys) in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor. Subsequent studies of the patient confirmed the characteristic gonadotropin and sex steroid abnormalities of PAIS. We describe for the first time a patient with PAIS presenting with a reversible hypogonadotropic biochemical profile triggered by an acute illness and corticosteroid therapy. This case highlights the necessity for caution when interpreting gonadotropin levels during acute stress.
CSF1R inhibition for histiocytic neoplasm with CBL mutations refractory to MEK1/2 inhibition (2023)

Histiocytic neoplasms are rare clonal hematopoietic disorders occupying a wide clinical spectrum amongst adults and children.Identification of recurrent somatic mutations in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has reframed our understanding of these diseases from autoimmune conditions to clonal myeloid neoplasms.Equally important knowledge of mutational drivers of histiocytoses has overhauled the clinical management of these disorders.Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a multisystem histiocytic neoplasm affecting adults characterized by osseous infiltration in the distal legs and variable involvement of retroperitoneal, cardiovascular, cutaneous, neurological, and other structures [1].More than 50% of ECD lesions harbor BRAF V600E mutations, and in 2018 vemurafenib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for BRAF V600E -mutated ECD [2].The MEK1/2 inhibitor, cobimetinib, was recently broadly approved for the treatment of histiocytic neoplasms based on a phase 2 trial in which 20/24 patients with diverse histiocytic neoplasms including mutations in BRAF, N/KRAS, and MEK1/2 demonstrated a complete or partial response by [ 18 F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET).Recent studies have identified a subset of histiocytic neoplasm patients with activating mutations upstream of RAS-RAF-MEK1/2 including in the receptor tyrosine kinase CSF1R [3].Importantly, one patient with an activating CSF1R mutation has been treated successfully with the CSF1R inhibitor, pexidartinib [4].Given the requirement of CSF1R signaling for development and maintenance of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and the observation that CSF1R is required for differentiation of lesional cells within LCH [5], it has been hypothesized that CSF1R inhibition may be efficacious in broader genetic subtypes of histiocytosis patients.To date, however, evaluation of CSF1R inhibition in histiocytic neoplasms outside of one patient with CSF1R-mutated disease has not been explored.We present here a case of ECD with
Production of Amorphous Ti-Co-Si Alloy Powders by Rotating Electrode Process with Rapid Cooling System. (1994)

Amorphous Ti65 Co20 Si15 powders were produced by a rotating electrode process with rapid cooling system developed by the present authors. The amorphous powders have a tear like form with smooth surface. The aspect ratio, thickness and structure of the powders can be controlled by changing the rotating speed of mother alloy electrode, the circumferential velocity(C.V.) of cooling copper roll and the distance between mother alloy electrode and cooling copper roll. The thinckness of powders decreases with an increase of the circumferential velocity of cooling copper roll and is about 25μm at the velocity of 25m/s. The highly effective production of the amorphous powders was achieved in the condition where the rotating direction of the cooling copper roll is inversed to that of the mother alloy electrode.