gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Design of a Large-Scale Trial Using Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) as an Adjunct to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction-Japan-Working Groups of Acute Myocardial Infarction for the Reduction of Necrotic Damage by ANP (J-WIND-ANP)- (2004)

Background The benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are limited by reperfusion injury. In animal models, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces infarct size, so the Japan-Working groups of acute myocardial Infarction for the reduction of Necrotic Damage by ANP (J-WIND-ANP) designed a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, to evaluate whether ANP as an adjunctive therapy for AMI reduces myocardial infarct size and improves regional wall motion. Methods and Results Twenty hospitals in Japan will participate in the J-WIND-ANP study. Patients with AMI who are candidates for PCI are randomly allocated to receive either intravenous ANP or placebo administration. The primary end-points are (1) estimated infarct size (Σcreatine kinase and troponin T) and (2) left ventricular function (left ventriculograms). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may be associated with the function of ANP and susceptibility of AMI will be examined. Furthermore, a data mining method will be used to design the optimal combinational therapy for post-MI patients. Conclusions J-WIND-ANP will provide important data on the effects of ANP as an adjunct to PCI for AMI and the SNPs information will open the field of tailor-made therapy. The optimal therapeutic drug combination will also be determined for post-MI patients. (Circ J 2004; 68: 95 - 100)
Rationale and study design of a three‐period, 58‐week trial of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder in patients with ESRD on dialysis (2012)

Chronic kidney disease associated mineral and bone disorders arise as a result of aberrant bone mineral metabolism in patients with advancing levels of renal dysfunction and end-stage renal disease. One of the cornerstones of treatment is the use of phosphate-binding agents. We describe the rationale and study design for a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder. This trial is a three-period, international, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder, consisting of a 2-week washout period, a 52-week safety assessment period in which subjects are randomized to ferric citrate or active control, and a 4-week efficacy assessment period in which subjects randomized to ferric citrate in the safety assessment period are randomized to ferric citrate or placebo. Eligible subjects include end-stage renal disease patients who have been treated with thrice-weekly hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for at least 3 months in dialysis clinics in the United States and Israel. Primary outcome measure will be the effect of ferric citrate vs. placebo on the change in serum phosphorus. Safety assessments will be performed by monitoring adverse events, concomitant medication use, and sequential blood chemistries (including iron parameters, phosphorus, and calcium). This three-period trial will assess the efficacy of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder. If proven safe and efficacious, ferric citrate will likely provide an additional phosphate binder to treat chronic kidney disease associated mineral and bone disorders.
A 10-Year Review of Breast Reconstruction in a University-Based Public Hospital (2012)

Our data demonstrate breast reconstruction rates significantly higher than prior studies for women in this public hospital demographic, rivaling the reported numbers from dedicated cancer centers where breast reconstruction is expected to be at the highest range. Types of reconstruction were based mainly on patient choice after full discussion regarding individual options. These data suggest that patients considered to be financially indigent are more likely to have breast reconstruction when their care is delivered at a university-based public hospital where immediate and consistent patient education is practiced in a multidisciplinary setting.
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains at least 29 active genes encoding SET domain proteins that can be assigned to four evolutionarily conserved classes (2001)

SET domains are conserved amino acid motifs present in chromosomal proteins that function in epigenetic control of gene expression. These proteins can be divided into four classes as typified by their Drosophila members E(Z), TRX, ASH1 and SU(VAR)3-9. Homologs of all four classes have been identified in yeast and mammals, but not in plants. A BLASTP screening of the Arabidopsis genome identified 37 genes: three E(z) homologs, five trx homologs, four ash1 homologs and 15 genes similar to Su(var)3-9. Seven genes were assigned as trx-related and three as ash1-related. Only four genes have been described previously. Our classification is based on the characteristics of the SET domains, cysteine-rich regions and additional conserved domains, including a novel YGD domain. RT-PCR analysis, cDNA cloning and matching ESTs show that at least 29 of the genes are active in diverse tissues. The high number of SET domain genes, possibly involved in epigenetic control of gene activity during plant development, can partly be explained by extensive genome duplication in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the lack of introns in the coding region of eight SU(VAR)3-9 class genes indicates evolution of new genes by retrotransposition. The identification of putative nuclear localization signals and AT-hooks in many of the proteins supports an anticipated nuclear localization, which was demonstrated for selected proteins.
Automatic Parameter Tuning of Multiple-Point Statistical Simulations for Lateritic Bauxite Deposits (2018)

The application of multiple-point statistics (MPS) in the mining industry is not yet widespread and there are very few applications so far. In this paper, we focus on the problem of algorithmic input parameter selection, which is required to perform MPS simulations. The usual approach for selecting the parameters is to conduct a manual sensitivity analysis by testing a set of parameters and evaluating the resulting simulation qualities. However, carrying out such a sensitivity analysis may require significant time and effort. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to automate the parameter tuning process. The primary criterion used to select the parameters is the reproduction of the conditioning data patterns in the simulated image. The parameters of the MPS algorithm are obtained by iteratively optimising an objective function with simulated annealing. The objective function quantifies the dissimilarity between the pattern statistics of the conditioning data and the simulation image in two steps: the pattern statistics are first obtained using a smooth histogram method; then, the difference between the histograms is evaluated by computing the Jensen–Shanon divergence. The proposed approach is applied for the simulation of the geological interface (footwall contact) within a laterite-type bauxite mine deposit using the Direct Sampling MPS algorithm. The results point out two main advantages: (1) a faster parameter tuning process and (2) more objective determination of the parameters.
A Robust Learning Approach to Domain Adaptive Object Detection (2019)

Domain shift is unavoidable in real-world applications of object detection. For example, in self-driving cars, the target domain consists of unconstrained road environments which cannot all possibly be observed in training data. Similarly, in surveillance applications sufficiently representative training data may be lacking due to privacy regulations. In this paper, we address the domain adaptation problem from the perspective of robust learning and show that the problem may be formulated as training with noisy labels. We propose a robust object detection framework that is resilient to noise in bounding box class labels, locations and size annotations. To adapt to the domain shift, the model is trained on the target domain using a set of noisy object bounding boxes that are obtained by a detection model trained only in the source domain. We evaluate the accuracy of our approach in various source/target domain pairs and demonstrate that the model significantly improves the state-of-the-art on multiple domain adaptation scenarios on the SIM10K, Cityscapes and KITTI datasets.
VP7 Mediates the Interaction of Rotaviruses with Integrin αvβ3 through a Novel Integrin-Binding Site (2004)

Rotavirus entry is a complex multistep process that depends on the trypsin cleavage of the virus spike protein VP4 into polypeptides VP5 and VP8 and on the interaction of these polypeptides and of VP7, the second viral surface protein, with several cell surface molecules, including integrin alphavbeta3. We characterized the effect of the trypsin cleavage of VP4 on the binding to MA104 cells of the sialic acid-dependent virus strain RRV and its sialic acid-independent variant, nar3. We found that, although the trypsin treatment did not affect the attachment of these viruses to the cell surface, their binding was qualitatively different. In contrast to the trypsin-treated viruses, which initially bound to the cell surface through VP4, the non-trypsin-treated variant nar3 bound to the cell through VP7. Amino acid sequence comparison of the surface proteins of rotavirus and hantavirus, both of which interact with integrin alphavbeta3 in an RGD-independent manner, identified a region shared by rotavirus VP7 and hantavirus G1G2 protein in which six of nine amino acids are identical. This region, which is highly conserved among the VP7 proteins of different rotavirus strains, mediates the binding of rotaviruses to integrin alphavbeta3 and probably represents a novel binding motif for this integrin.
Nosocomial Candidiasis: Emerging Species, Reservoirs, and Modes of Transmission (1996)

During the 1980s, the frequency of nosocomial candidiasis increased dramatically. This trend has continued into the 1990s, and Candida species remain a major cause of nosocomial infections. Although Candida albicans remains the most frequent cause of fungemia and hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, a number of reports have documented infections caused by other Candida species: C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. lusitaniae. Many of these infections arise from an endogenous source, and their frequency is influenced by the patient population, the various treatment regimens, and the antibiotics or other supportive care measures employed at specific institutions. Additional infections may be accounted for by exogenous acquisition via the hands of health care workers, contaminated infusates and biomaterials, and the inanimate environment. Ongoing investigation should help improve our understanding of the epidemiology of candidiasis and facilitate the development of rational preventive measures.
A framework for expert control of interactive software systems (1984)

Expert problem-solving strategies in many domains require the use of detailed mathematical techniques coupled with experiential knowledge about how and when to use the appropriate techniques. In many of these domains, such techniques are made available to experts in large software packages. In attempting to build expert systems for these domains, we wish to make use of these existing packages, and are therefore faced with an important problem: how to integrate the existing software, and knowledge about its use, into a practical expert system. The expert knowledge is used, in dynamic selection of appropriate programs and parameters, to reach a successful goal in the problem-solving. This kind of expert problem-solving is achieved through two interacting bodies of knowledge; problem domain knowledge, and knowledge about the programs that comprise the software package.
This thesis describes the framework of a hybrid expert system for representing problem-solving knowledge in these domains. This hybrid system may be characterized as consisting of a surface model and a deep model. The surface model is a production-rule based expert subsystem that consists of heuristics used by an expert. The deep model is a collection of methods, each parameterized by a set of controlling and observed parameters. The methods and their results are reasoned about using their parameter sets. The existing software is reorganized as necessary to map it into the deep model structure of a hybrid system. This framework has evolved out of an effort to build an expert system for performing well-log analysis (ELAS - Expert Log Analysis System). A generalized expert-system building methodology based upon principles drawn from ELAS is introduced. The use of method-abstractions in assembling a hybrid system is discussed. The notion of worksheet-reasoning is defined, and discussed.
Mapping intracellular pH in tumors using amide and guanidyl CEST‐MRI at 9.4 T (2021)

The presented method enables non-invasive mapping of absolute pH<sub>i</sub> values in tumors using CEST-MRI, which was so far prevented by concomitant effects. Consequently, pre-clinical studies on pH<sub>i</sub> changes in tumors are possible allowing the assessment of pH<sub>i</sub> in vivo as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
Gbit-Class Transmission Using SOA Data Rewriter for WDM-PON (2008)

We describe the transmission characteristics of a wavelength independent wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) based on a wavelength channel data rewriter (WCDR). The WCDR is composed of a linear amplifier (LA) and a saturated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), and by using the WCDR in optical network units (ONUs), we can erase the downstream signal and modulate the same wavelength channel with the upstream signal. In this paper, we analyze the data rewriting characteristic, the frequency chirp characteristic and the bit error rate (BER) degradation occasioned by the use of saturated SOAs. Furthermore, we report high-speed transmission with power penalty of less than 1dB at bit rates of 1.25Gbit/s, 2.5Gbit/s and 10Gbit/s for downstream signals and 1.25Gbit/s for upstream signals after transmission through 40km of single-mode fiber.
A New Versatile Synthesis of Macrotricyclic Tetraazacycloalkane‐Based Ligands from Bis‐aminal Derivatives (2003)

Abstract A new powerful synthesis of symmetrical (two‐step) or dissymmetrical (three‐step) macrotricyclic cyclen‐ or cyclam‐based ligands is reported. In this procedure, the starting materials are bis‐aminals derived from condensation of cyclen or cyclam with glyoxal. The two macrocyclic subunits are linked by two aromatic spacers through nitrogen atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Optical Burst Transport: A Technology for the WDM Metro Ring Networks (2007)

We propose a sublambda traffic-grooming scheme on wavelength-division-multiplexing ring networks, named optical burst transport. The network protocol and architecture are designed to support dynamic bandwidth allocation, which is more reasonable for bursty data traffic. To verify our network protocol and architecture, we build a testbed which supports burst-mode transmission. Also, we transmit streaming video over Ethernet as an application
Cox-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: we defend our data and suggest caution. (2001)

Our study had limitations, but we believe our hypothesis is plausible, our methods were valid, and our conclusions are sound.
Enhancement of the critical temperature of the pnictide superconductorLaFeAsO1−xFxstudied viaA75sNMR under pressure (2010)

Nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of an iron (Fe)-based superconductor ${\text{LaFeAsO}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{F}}_{x}$ ($x=0.08$ and 0.14) were performed at ambient pressure and under pressure. The relaxation rate $1/{T}_{1}$ for the overdoped samples $(x=0.14)$ shows $T$-linear behavior just above ${T}_{c}$, and pressure application enhances $1/{T}_{1}T$ similar to the behavior of ${T}_{c}$. This implies that $1/{T}_{1}T=\text{constant}$ originates from the Korringa relation, and an increase in the density of states at the Fermi energy $D({E}_{F})$ leads to the enhancement of ${T}_{c}$. In the underdoped samples $(x=0.08)$, $1/{T}_{1}$ measured at ambient pressure also shows $T$-linear behavior in a wide temperature range above ${T}_{c}$. However, $1/{T}_{1}T$ shows Curie-Weiss-type $T$ dependence at 3.0 GPa accompanied by a small increase in ${T}_{c}$, suggesting that predominant low-frequency antiferromagnetic fluctuation is not important for development of superconductivity or remarkable enhancement of ${T}_{c}$. The qualitatively different features between underdoped and overdoped samples are systematically explained by a band calculation with hole and electron pockets.
Effect of ambient pressure on the performance of a resistojet (1989)

Tests were conducted to investigate the effect of ambient pressure on the measured thrust of a prototype resistojet. The tests were performed using both heated and unheated nitrogen as the propellant at flow rates of 0.0379 and 0.0759 g/s. For the cold flow tests there was no effect on specific impulse over a range of ambient pressures from 1 to 400 microns. The results for the hot flow tests did show as much as a 7 percent variation in specific impulse over the same range of ambient pressures.
Numerical modelling of the dehydration of waste concrete fines: An attempt to close the recycling loop (2017)

The ever-increasing interest on sustainable raw materials has urged the quest for recycled materials that can be used as a partial or total replacement of fine fractions in the production of concrete. This paper demonstrates a modelling study of recycled concrete waste fines and the possibility of turning them into active constituents for the production of concrete. When construction demolition waste (CDW) fines with particle size 0 - 4mm are exposed to a hot environment, different reactions will occur, especially dehydration and phase changes. A onedimensional (1D) transient model is developed to predict the conversion of the hydrated concrete fines into their dehydrated state, in which the key processes inside the particle and at the boundary layer outside the particle are properly addressed. The model predicts a final composition of the particle that resembles cement clinker, which means a high potential for reuse in manufacturing concrete. Finally, model results for the mass loss during conversion are experimentally validated using thermogravimetric study.
A New York City childhood (2003)

Julian Seymour Schwinger was born on February 12, 1918 in New York City into a middle class family. His father, Benjamin Schwinger, was born in the town of Nowy Sacz in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in the part of Poland which throughout the 19th century remained under the rule of Austro-Hungarian Empire. Julian's mother Bella was born in the Polish industrial city of Lodz; she came to New York City as an infant with her family. By 1935, at the age of 17, after Julian Schwinger had spent two years at the City College of New York, it was already clear that he would make a major mark in physics. He had mastered the literature of the most fundamental branch of science at the time, nuclear physics, and was beginning to make original contributions to research. The career of one of the greatest American physicists of the 20th century had begun.
Existence of two coupling constants in microchip lasers (2000)

We implemented two different experimental setups to probe directly the nonlinear coupling between modes in microchip lasers. We show that, remarkably, the results can be interpreted by use of Lamb's coupling constant. In an Er, Yb:glass microchip laser, we measured C(12) = 0.80 between longitudinal modes and C(xy) = 0.95 between orthogonally linearly polarized eigenstates. The high values obtained give some physical insight into the single-frequency operation of such lasers.
Association of the Ala54-thr Polymorphism in the Intestinal Fatty Acid–Binding Protein With 2-h Postchallenge Insulin Levels in the Framingham Offspring Study (2001)

These results suggest that the FABP2 Thr54 allele may have a minor contribution to the insulin resistance syndrome in a white general population.
Imbedding rule inferencing in applications (1990)

The CAD Inference Engine (CADIE) is discussed. CADIE implements a rule-inferencing capability intended to be embedded in CAD tools. The primary goal is to integrate tightly a rule-based inferencing capability and CAD tools developed in an object-oriented language, specifically C++. CADIE examines tool data directly, thereby avoiding translations and enabling the rule-based problem solver to be integrated into a tool that supports an existing design activity. CADIE accomplishes this access without additional data fields in tool defined data structures. The program achieves integration by making use of features of object-oriented languages that enable the inference engine to remain application independent and that require only minor changes to application code and data structure definitions. The object-oriented design of the inference engine and the interface between the inference engine and tool-defined data structures are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rickettsia Lipid A Biosynthesis Utilizes the Late Acyltransferase LpxJ for Secondary Fatty Acid Addition (2018)

Members of the <i>Rickettsia</i> genus are obligate intracellular, Gram-negative coccobacilli that infect mammalian and arthropod hosts. Several rickettsial species are human pathogens and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. In Gram-negative parasites, the outer membrane (OM) sits at the nexus of the host-pathogen interaction and is rich in lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The lipid A component of LPS anchors the molecule to the bacterial surface and is an endotoxic agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Despite the apparent importance of lipid A in maintaining OM integrity, as well as its inflammatory potential during infection, this molecule is poorly characterized in <i>Rickettsia</i> pathogens. In this work, we have identified and characterized new members of the recently discovered LpxJ family of lipid A acyltransferases in both <i>Rickettsia typhi</i> and <i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i>, the etiological agents of murine typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, respectively. Our results demonstrate that these enzymes catalyze the addition of a secondary acyl chain (C<sub>14</sub>/C<sub>16</sub>) to the 3'-linked primary acyl chain of the lipid A moiety in the final steps of the Raetz pathway of lipid A biosynthesis. Since lipid A architecture is fundamental to bacterial OM integrity, we believe that rickettsial LpxJ may be important in maintaining membrane dynamics to facilitate molecular interactions at the host-pathogen interface that are required for adhesion and invasion of mammalian cells. This work contributes to our understanding of rickettsial outer membrane physiology and sets a foundation for further exploration of the envelope and its role in pathogenesis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers an inflammatory response through the TLR4-MD2 receptor complex and inflammatory caspases, a process mediated by the lipid A moiety of LPS. Species of <i>Rickettsia</i> directly engage both extracellular and intracellular immunosurveillance, yet little is known about rickettsial lipid A. Here, we demonstrate that the alternative lipid A acyltransferase, LpxJ, from <i>Rickettsia typhi</i> and <i>R. rickettsii</i> catalyzes the addition of C<sub>16</sub> fatty acid chains into the lipid A 3'-linked primary acyl chain, accounting for major structural differences relative to the highly inflammatory lipid A of <i>Escherichia coli</i>.