gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Latent Reaction in a Model GFP Chromophore Revealed upon Confinement: Photohydroxylation of ortho-Halo Benzylidene-3-methylimidazolidiones via an Electrocylization Process (2014)

Excited state behavior of halogen substituted model GFP chromophores was investigated in an acetonitrile solution and in a confined environment provided by an octa acid capsule in water. Of the ortho, meta, and para halogen substituted GFP chromophores only the ortho compounds gave a new product resulting from an unprecedented photosubstitution of halogens by the hydroxyl group. This unusual reaction highlights the importance of confined spaces in bringing about some unattainable photoreactions.
A comparative study of a dual‐energy‐like imaging technique based on counting‐integrating readout (2011)

The novel concept of simultaneous counting of photons and integrating the x-ray energy flux has a large potential for dual-energy applications in both projection and tomographic x-ray imaging. Future work will have to focus on the sensitivity of the CIX dual-energy concept to scattered radiation, detector imperfections and high x-ray fluxes.
Unipolarly Charged Aerosols (1970)

Unipolarly charged and uncharged aerosols were dispersed info a 7 ½ by 8 foot cylindrical test chamber. The mass median diameter (MMD) was found to be approximately 4µ for uncharged, as well as for unipolarly charged droplets. The effect of unipolar electric charges on the deposition of the aerosol droplets in grounded and ungrounded metal tubes with diameters similar to those of selected sections of the human respiratory tract was investigated. The aerosol was sampled at flow rates similar to those encountered in the respective sections of the respiratory tract. No effect of the charges on the aerosol deposition was apparent under the experimental conditions investigated. Theoretical considerations suggested that aerosol concentration or charges per particle or both were too low to significantly affect deposition.
Flicker removal for CMOS wide dynamic range imaging based on alternating current component analysis (2014)

This paper presents a novel wide dynamic range system to reduce flickering artifact produced by a high speed electronic rolling shutter in a CMOS image sensor. The proposed algorithm removes flicker artifact in the shortexposure image using a correlation between the pair of two differently exposed images to extend the dynamic range. Since the proposed method overcomes the electronic shutter problem in a conventional wide dynamic range imaging system, it can remove the flicker artifact under an alternating current light source such as a fluorescent bulb.
334: Cd18 separates GVHD and GVL effect (2007)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Migration of donor-derived T cells into GVHD target organs plays an essential role in the development of GVHD. Beta2 integrins, a group of heterodimeric molecules including CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), CD11c/CD18 and CD11d/CD18, are of critical importance for leukocyte extravasation through vascular endothelia and for T cell activation. We asked whether CD18-deficient T cells would induce less GVHD while sparing graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. In murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models, we found that recipients of CD18-/- donor T cells had significantly less GVHD morbidity and mortality compared with recipients of WT donor T cells. A cell-dose titration experiment indicated that the ability of CD18-/- T cells had more than 4-fold reduction compared to that of WT T cells in the induction of GVHD. Analysis of alloreactive showed that CD18-/- and WT T cells had comparable activation, expansion and cytokine production in vivo. Reduced GVHD was associated with a significant decrease in donor-T cell infiltration of recipient intestine and with an overall decrease in pathologic scores in intestine and liver. Finally, we found that in vivo GVL effect of CD18-/- donor T cells was largely preserved, because mortality of the recipients transplanted with CD18-/- T cells plus tumor cells was greatly delayed or prevented. Our data suggest that strategies to target beta2 intergrin have clinical potential to alleviate or prevent GVHD while sparing GVL activity.
Chip set design for 10GB/S optical transceiver (2005)

A chip set of 10Gb/s optical transceiver is presented in This work. It includes a laser driver which is able to provide up to 100mA directed modulation current, a trans-impedance amplifier with -15dBm sensitivity, and a limiting amplifier with over 500mV stable voltage output. The proposed transceiver chip set was fabricated in TSMC 0.35/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. Prototyping optical transceivers are made and are measured in a data rate up to 10Gb/s by using diode commercial optical-electrical components of an NTT 1310nm laser diode and OEpic PIN, respectively. Optical test shows BER < 10/sup -12/ under 2/sup -31/-1 PRBS with clear eye performance within the 10GbE mask.
Temporal and spatial reflectivity of focused beams in stimulated Brillouin scattering for phase conjugation (1992)

The buildup and decay of the sound-wave gratings in stimulated-Brillouin-scattering cells were calculated taking into account the spatial dependence in the propagation direction of the focused laser beams. The incident intensities were varied up to the saturation values. The influence of the different parameters such as focal length, cell length, pulse duration, and phonon lifetime is discussed.
F-doped and H2-impregnated synthetic SiO2 glasses for 157 nm optics (1999)

Optical transmission change and point defect formation by irradiation with F2 excimer laser light (∼10 mJ/cm2/pulse×3.6×105 pulses, λ=157 nm) were examined for four types of synthetic SiO2 glasses: wet (OH content: 1.7×1019 cm−3), dry (OH content: &amp;lt;1×1016 cm−3), F-doped (F content: 2.2×1020–4.2×1020 cm−3, OH content: &amp;lt;1×1016 cm−3), and H2-impregnated (OH content; 1.9×1018 cm−3, H2 content; 1×1018 cm−3) SiO2 glasses. Intense optical absorption bands peaking at 4.8 and 5.8 eV, which are attributed to nonbridging oxygen hole center and E′ center, respectively, and a shoulder at ∼7 eV were induced in the wet and dry specimens after the irradiation. On the other hand, the intensities of absorption bands induced in the F-doped and H2-impregnated specimens were smaller by an order of magnitude than those in other specimens. The internal (reflection-corrected) transmittance at the wavelength of 157 nm for 5 mm thick samples after the irradiation was 87% for the F-doped, 82% for the H2-impregnated, 14% for the wet, and 2.4% for the dry silica glasses. The present results show that F doping or H2 impregnation is an effective way to improve resistance of SiO2 glasses to F2 laser damage.
Hardware support for fast capability-based addressing (1994)

Traditional methods of providing protection in memory systems do so at the cost of increased context switch time and/or increased storage to record access permissions for processes. With the advent of computers that supported cycle-by-cycle multithreading, protection schemes that increase the time to perform a context switch are unacceptable, but protecting unrelated processes from each other is still necessary if such machines are to be used in non-trusting environments. This paper examines guarded pointers , a hardware technique which uses tagged 64-bit pointer objects to implement capability-based addressing. Guarded pointers encode a segment descriptor into the upper bits of every pointer, eliminating the indirection and related performance penalties associated with traditional implementations of capabilities. All processes share a single 54-bit virtual address space, and access is limited to the data that can be referenced through the pointers that a process has been issued. Only one level of address translation is required to perform a memory reference. Sharing data between processes is efficient, and protection states are defined to allow fast protected subsystem calls and create unforgeable data keys.
Recurrence of mucosal melanoma in Li-Fraumeni syndrome: A follow-up of an index case (2021)

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the TP53 gene, which greatly increase the risk for malignancy. The most common cancers associated with LFS include brain cancer, breast cancer, and soft tissue sarcoma.1 Melanoma is rarely associated, with mucosal melanoma being particularly rare. Only 1 case of LFS presenting as mucosal melanoma has previously been reported. At the time of that publication, the patient was treated and had no evidence of local, regional, or distant disease, nor did she develop a second primary tumor.
{open_quotes}Framatome technologies` vitrification process{close_quotes} (1996)

One of the major difficulties encountered in vitrifying low- and medium-activity radioactive wastes is ensuring that volatile components, such as cesium (Cs), are integrated into the requisite waste glass matrix and not carried over, in vapor or particulate form, into the off-gas system. The inability to retain these volatile components within the glass matrix can result in radioactive carryover into the off-gas system requiring separate treatment and/or extraction processes. This difficulty is of particular concern in vitrifying wastes that generate large amounts of gas or vapor when broken down by heat. In these cases, the gases or vapors generated may transport the volatile particles or vapors into the off-gas system before they can be integrated into the glass matrix of even before they come in contact with the liquid glass medium, such as in the {open_quotes}cold-cap{close_quotes} vitrification process. This phenomenon is further aggravated if the waste is in the form of a fine, easily entrained powder or contains excessive moisture, such as in spent resins in bead or powder form, sludges, or concentrates.
The trouble with disarmament (2008)

Abolishing nuclear weapons is a good idea in theory. In practice, however, it would be impossible to verify and would make the world less safe.
Clinical Trials Update (2003)

Selection of treatment for metastatic breast cancer depends on several factors: the status of estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors on breast cancer cells and the expression levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. The presence of estrogen or progesterone receptors typically indicates slower-growing tumors that may be amenable to hormonal manipulation, which provides significant disease control while offering a better toxicity profile than conventional chemotherapy. The understanding of hormonal therapies in patients with postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer has advanced greatly in the past several decades. Aromatase inhibitors, although used initially as second-line therapy, recently have proved to be as effective as tamoxifen, if not superior to it, as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. New data also suggest that letrozole provides significantly better objective responses than anastrozole as second-line therapy. Exemestane, a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, is an effective third-line therapy. Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist with no known agonist effect, provides a new option for hormonal therapy. For patients with metastatic breast cancer and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 on tumor cells, the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is the preferred option, either in combination with paclitaxel as first-line treatment, or as a single agent for second-line therapy. By extending the sequence of hormonal therapy, disease progression and the need for chemotherapy may be significantly delayed, potentially extending patient survival rates and improving quality of life.
High-Resolution 4D Preclinical Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging of Technetium Transport within a Heterogeneous Porous Media (2017)

A dynamic <sup>99m</sup>Tc tracer experiment was performed to investigate the capabilities of combined preclinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) for investigating transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. The experiment was conducted by continuously injecting a <sup>99m</sup>Tc solution into a column packed with eight layers (i.e., soil, silica gel, and 0.2-4 mm glass beads). Within the imaging results it was possible to correlate observed features with objects as small as 2 mm for the SPECT and 0.2 mm for the CT. Time-lapse SPECT imaging results illustrated both local and global nonuniform transport phenomena and the high-resolution CT data were found to be useful for interpreting the cause of variations in the <sup>99m</sup>Tc concentration associated with structural features within the materials, such as macropores. The results of this study demonstrate SPECT/CT as a novel tool for 4D (i.e., transient three-dimensional) noninvasive imaging of fate and transport processes in porous media. Despite its small scale, an experiment with such high resolution data allows us to better understand the pore scale transport which can then be used to inform larger scale studies.
Hypercapnia and cerebral blood flow: An approach to testing perfusion reserve (1984)

Cerebral perfusion patterns of 28 patients with known cerebral vascular pathology and 13 normal volunteers have been studied using fluorine-18 labeled fluoromethane, an inert diffusable radiotracer, and a PET imaging system. All subjects were studied during hypercapnia induced by breathing 5% carbon dioxide as well as while breathing room air. No major changes in subject orientation occurred through acquisition of both data sets. Global perfusion increased consistently during hypercapnia in all subjects but in patients with completed strokes the depressed perfusion values in the infarcted region did not increase. Both recent and older infarcts were found to lack CO/sub 2/ reactivity. The size of the infarct associated perfusion defect was typically larger than that suggested by CT scans particularly early in the post infarct interval. The usefulness of hypercapnia as an approach to assessing perfusion reserve is illustrated by a patient with a totally occluded right internal carotid artery and right hemisphere TIA. Brain perfusion data while he breathed room air were normal while during hypercapnia there was no perfusion increase in the distribution of right anterior and middle cerebral arteries; a 30% increase in perfusion was observed in all other cerebral regions. Computer software which facilitates room air/hypercapnia andmore » region interhemispheric comparisons has been developed enabling faster and more reliable analyses.« less
Biosynthesis of austocystin D in Aspergillus ustus. A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study (1983)

The assignment of the natural-abundance 13C n.m.r. spectrum of austocystin D, a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ustus MRC 1163, allowed a study of its biosynthetic origin. The complete 13C–13C coupling pattern in austocystin D enriched from [1,2-13C2]acetate has been determined and confirms that no randomisation of labelling in ring A occurs during the anthraquinone → xanthone conversion in the biosynthetic pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of N‐(Cyclohexylmethyl)‐N‐alkylamines from Primary Amines and Pimelaldehyde Using Tetracarbonylhydridoferrate, HFe(CO)4‐, as a Reducing Reagent. (1990)

Abstract The amines (I) react with pimelaldehyde (II) in the presence of CO and tetracarbonylhydridoferrate generated in situ from Fe(CO) 5 and KOH to form the cyclohexylmethylamines (III).
Fragments of relations (1983)

We develop a theory of relations that are constructed by the union and selection operations from fragment relations. Algorithms for inserting and deleting from relations that are composed of physical fragments are discussed, and we show when such insertions and deletions are meaningful. We also show how to find an access set for a relation, that is, a set of fragments sufficient to produce the relation, and we apply the test to the question of how the fragmentation of relations interacts with a query on the relation, showing that a selection on the relation can be implemented by retrieving a set of physical fragments that forms an access set for another particular relation.
Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor amplification and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma: meta-analysis (2015)

There is insufficient evidence that either EGFR amplification or the EGFRvIII mutation has prognostic value in patients with glioblastoma.
Ultraviolet mechanoluminescence from SrAl2O4:Ce and SrAl2O4:Ce,Ho (2007)

Phosphors with ultraviolet (UV) mechanoluminescence (ML) SrAl2O4:Ce (SAOCe) and SrAl2O4:Ce,Ho (SAOHoCe) were reported in this letter. The results reveal that the ML emission band is located at 375nm similar to photoluminescent (PL) peak, which indicates that ML is emitted from the same center of Ce3+ ions as PL. Furthermore, the addition of Ho3+ increases the UV ML intensity of SAOHoCe (56nJ∕loadcycle) considerably [approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that of SAOCe (0.21nJ∕loadcycle)]. The formation of many shallow traps (Ho3+−e−) may be responsible for this enhancement.
Pediatric viral gastroenteritis during eight years of study (1983)

During the period January 1974 through July 1982, fecal samples from 1,537 pediatric inpatients with gastroenteritis were tested for enteric viruses by electron microscopic and rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Rotaviruses were detected in 34.5% of these patients, enteric adenoviruses were detected in 4.7%, approximately 27-nm viruses were detected in 1.6%, and at least one of these agents was found in 40.1% of the study subjects. Three infections were by an apparently new agent which morphologically is a rotavirus, but which failed to react in the rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the first 8 calendar years of study, rotaviruses were detected in 39.0% of 577 patients in the even-numbered years and 30.3% of 702 patients in the odd-numbered years. Adenoviruses were found in all calendar months. Rotaviruses were found in inpatients in November through July, whereas approximately 27-nm viruses were found in October through June. The percentage of patients who had a demonstrated viral infection rose steadily from 7.4% in September to 72.0% in January and then steadily declined to 2.9% in August. Viral infection was especially common in study subjects who were 7 through 24 months of age; 61% of such children had one or more enteric viruses. Rotavirus-infected patients tended to be younger during the months of greatest rotavirus activity than at the beginning and end of the rotavirus season, presumably because of a greater exposure to virus at the height of the rotavirus outbreak.
Learning and memory deficits produced by aspartame are heritable via the paternal lineage (2023)

Abstract Environmental exposures produce heritable traits that can linger in the population for one or two generations. Millions of individuals consume substances such as artificial sweeteners daily that are declared safe by regulatory agencies without evaluation of their potential heritable effects. We show that consumption of aspartame, an FDA-approved artificial sweetener, daily for up to 16-weeks at doses equivalent to only 7-15% of the FDA recommended maximum daily intake value (equivalent to 2-4 small, 8 oz diet soda drinks per day) produces significant spatial learning and memory deficits in mice. Moreover, the cognitive deficits are transmitted to male and female descendants along the paternal lineage suggesting that aspartame’s adverse cognitive effects are heritable, and that they are more pervasive than current estimates, which consider effects in the directly exposed individuals only. Traditionally, deleterious environmental exposures of pregnant and nursing women are viewed as risk factors for the health of future generations. Environmental exposures of men are not considered to pose similar risks. Our findings suggest that environmental exposures of men can produce adverse impact on mental health of future generations and demonstrate the need for considering heritable effects via the paternal lineage as part of the regulatory evaluations of artificial sweeteners.
Potato Root Diffusate-Induced Secretion of Soluble, Basic Proteins Originating from the Subventral Esophageal Glands of Potato Cyst Nematodes (1997)

ABSTRACT In preparasitic second-stage juveniles (J(2)) of potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, six proteins with molecular masses of 30, 31a/b, 32, 39, and 49 kDa were recognized on Western blots by a monoclonal antibody (MGR48) specific for the subventral esophageal glands. All of these subventral gland proteins (svp's) focused in the basic range (pI 6.8 to 8.6) of an immobilized pH gradient. Western blotting showed that the svp's were present in preparasitic and parasitic J(2) and not in later juvenile stages and adult females. Minor svp quantities also were observed in adult males. Immunogold labeling of preparasitic J(2) showed that the svp's were localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules of the subventral esophageal glands. Potato root diffusate triggered the secretion of svp's through the stylet, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-hydrogen-oxalate had only a quantitative, additional effect. The forward flow of svp's through the metacorporal pump chamber was confirmed by the presence of svp's in the circular lumen of the esophagus (procorpus), as established by immunoelectron microscopy. Our data provide conclusive evidence that secretory proteins of the subventral glands of G. rostochiensis can be secreted through the stylet and support the hypothesis that the subventral esophageal glands play an important role in the early events of this nematode-plant interaction.
REDUCING NITRATE ACCUMULATION OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLES BY CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER AND CHLORIDE APPLICATION (2012)

ISHS XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on Environmental, Edaphic, and Genetic Factors Affecting Plants, Seeds and Turfgrass REDUCING NITRATE ACCUMULATION OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLES BY CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER AND CHLORIDE APPLICATION
Ion projection lithography: new insights and results of this NGL technology (2001)

As part of the European MEDEA project on Ion Projection Lithography (IPL) a Process Development Tool (PDT [1, 2]) has been designed and integrated. The ion-optics and the mask handling system are already assembled and integrated in the PDT. In order to test the ion-optics system (PDT-IOS), an ion beam pattern lock system as well as a metrology stage (in-situ array of faraday cups to measure beam uniformity, in-situ energy spread analyzer, in-situ distortion measurement unit) have been realized and are being integrated. The current status of the tool will be reported. In parallel to testing the ion-optics a test bench for a vertical vacuum wafer stage has been realized. Operation of magnetic bearing supported stage movement has already been demonstrated. An ASML vacuum compatible optical wafer alignment system has been integrated to the wafer test bench system recently. In air an X/Y alignment repeatability of less than 3nm (3sigma) has already been demonstrated. In order to minimize the mechanical influences of the mask clamping and the therefrom arising critical in plane distortion (IPD)during exposure, a mask frame was developed. On the basis of Pattern IPD measurements on a LMS IPRO the influence was determined. Parallel to the IPL tool development, intensive development of IPL stencil masks is ongoing with success in producing 150mm [3] and 200mm [1,2] stencil masks. An overview of the stencil mask development will be reported. The dependence between boron doping and Si membrane stress will be discussed.