gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust mixed generalized H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// filtering of 2-D nonlinear fractional transformation systems (2005)

This study considers robust filtering problems for uncertain two dimensional (2-D) discrete systems in nonlinear fractional transformation (NFT) representations. Like one-dimensional (1-D) systems, the NFT in this paper serves to complement the linear fractional transformation (LFT). Linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulations are given to analyze as well as synthesize robust filters. Numerical examples show the advantage of the NFT over the LFT in terms of not only computational savings but also substantial performance gains and verify the efficiency of the proposed techniques.
Editorial: Emerging Viruses: Host Immunity and Novel Therapeutic Interventions (2018)

10.3389/fimmu.2018.02828
ChemInform Abstract: ANDIROBIN (1970)

Abstract Aus den Samen von Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae) werden 2 Verbindungen vom Tetranortriterpenoid‐Typ, das bereits bekannte 7‐Desoxy‐7‐oxo‐gedunin (I) und das neue Limonoid Andirobin (II), isoliert.
Assessment and prognostic significance of the epidermal growth factor receptor vIII mutation in glioblastoma patients treated with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide radiochemotherapy (2013)

The epidermal growth factor receptor vIII mutant (EGFRvIII) is found in ~50% of all EGFR-amplified glioblastomas and constitutes a tumor-specific therapeutic target. To assess molecular testing approaches and the prognostic role of EGFRvIII in patients treated according to current standards of care, we compared different EGFRvIII detection methods and correlated EGFRvIII status with outcome in a prospective patient cohort of the German Glioma Network. In total, 184 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients were investigated for EGFR amplification and for expression of EGFR and EGFRvIII by immunohistochemistry. Further, the EGFRvIII status was additionally studied by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated EGFRvIII in 34 of 184 patients (18%). RT-PCR or MLPA analysis detected four additional EGFRvIII-positive patients. Overall, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were more sensitive for EGFRvIII detection than MLPA. EGFRvIII status was not associated with progression-free and overall survival. EGFRvIII also had no prognostic significance in the subgroup of patients who were free from progression after concomitant radiochemotherapy and thus would be eligible for the ongoing ACT IV EGFRvIII vaccination trial. Age, extent of resection and O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status appeared to be less prognostic in EGFRvIII-positive patients. Thus, EGFRvIII positivity is not a major negative prognostic factor in glioblastoma patients treated according to current standards of care. Data from phase II EGFRvIII-targeted vaccination trials compare favorably with the present contemporary results, supporting the further exploration of EGVRvIII vaccination in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
WISE-2005 (2006)

We have previously documented that supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNPex) performed 6 sessions·wk−1 during 15- and 30-day bed rests (BR) maintained upright aerobic capacity (VO2k). PURPOSE: In the present study, we are evaluating whether aerobic capacity is maintained during a 60-d BR when the LBNPex frequency is reduced to 2–4 sessions-wk−1 and resistance exercise (REX) is added 2–3 sessions-wk−1. METHODS: Eight healthy women (32±4yrs; 56.4±3.6 kg; 164±8 cm; mean±SD) performed maximal-exertion, graded treadmill tests before and 3 days after a 60-d, 6° head-down tilt BR. (Earliest day the medical monitors would permit a maximal exercise test post-BR). During BR, four subjects performed no exercise (CON), while four other subjects (EX) performed LBNPex and REX on separate days. The LBNPex countermeasure employed an intermittent (40–80% pre-BR VO2k), 40-min protocol against an LBNP pressure (−49±3 mmHg) applied to provide a footward force equivalent to 1.0–1.2 body weight. REX consisted of maximal concentric and eccentric supine leg press and heel raise exercises using a gravity-independent flywheel ergometer. Comparisons were performed using paired (within-group) or non-paired (between-group) t-tests. RESULTS: Three days post-BR, VO2pk of the CON group was reduced significantly from pre-BR (Pre:37.2±1.2, Post: 29.4±2 ml·kg−1-mm1, p <0.05), while the VO2pk of the EX group was not significantly reduced (Pre: 39.6 ± 1.9, Post: 38.0±0.6 ml·kg−1-mm1). Peak heart rate, ventilation, rating of perceived exertion, and respiratory exchange ratio were not significantly different between the two groups pre- and post-BR. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that the combined LBNPex and REX countermeasures may be sufficient to maintain upright aerobic capacity after long-duration space flights.
Engineered In Vitro Systems of the Microcirculation (2014)

Although the microcirculation refers to the smallest blood vessels in the body, its contribution to dening microenvironmental conditions in tissues is anything but small. Serving as the intermediate between the larger vessels of the arterial and venous circulation and the tissues to which it delivers blood and nutrients, the microcirculation is responsible for meeting the metabolic demands of the tissues. Impairments or dysfunction in the microcirculation can lead to and propagate pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus.
Ox-LDL modifies the behaviour of bone marrow stem cells and impairs their endothelial differentiation via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation (2009)

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the behaviour of bone marrow stem cells and their endothelial differentiation as well as the underlying mechanisms. Adult rat bone marrow multipotent progenitor cells (MAPCs) were incubated with ox-LDL for up to 2 weeks. Ox-LDL treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent reduction of MAPC population in culture through a combination of decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The expression of stem cell marker Oct-4 was significantly suppressed in MAPCs by ox-LDL in a dose- and time-dependant manner. Endothelial differentiation of MAPCs was substantially inhibited by ox-LDL with markedly decreased expression of endothelial markers vWF, Flk-1 and CD31, as well as impaired in vitro vascular structure formation. Ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and inhibition of Oct-4 expression, cell proliferation and endothelial differentiation of MAPCs were associated with significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Akt overexpression in MAPCs transfected with a constitutively active Akt completely reversed the effects of ox-LDL on MAPCs including enhanced apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, suppressed Oct-4 expression and endothelial differentiation as well as in vitro vascular structure formation. In conclusion, ox-LDL promotes apoptosis and inhibits Oct-4 expression and self-renewal of MAPCs, and impairs their endothelial differentiation via suppression of Akt signalling.
Structure of star-burst dendrimers: A comparison between small angle x-ray scattering and computer simulation results (2004)

We investigated the generation dependent shape and internal structure of star-burst dendrimers under good solvent conditions using small angle x-ray scattering and molecular modeling. Measurements have been performed on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with generations ranging from g=0 up to g=8 at low concentrations in methanol. We described the static form factor P(q) by a model taking into account the compact, globular shape as well as the loose, polymeric character of dendrimers. Monomer distributions within dendrimers are of special interest for potential applications and have been characterized by the pair correlation function gamma(r), as well as by the monomer and end-group density profile, rho(r) and rho(e)(r), respectively. Monomer density profiles and gamma(r) can be derived from P(q) by modeling and via a model independent approach using the inverse Fourier transformation algorithm first introduced by Glatter. Experimental results are compared with computer simulations performed for single dendrimers of various generations using the cooperative motion algorithm. The simulation gives direct access to gamma(r) and rho(r), allows an independent determination of P(q), and yields in addition to the scattering experiment information about the distribution of the end groups. Excellent qualitative agreement between experiment and simulation has been found.
Large Crystal Toxin Formation in Chromosomally Engineered Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai Due to σ E Accumulation (2012)

Seven distinct Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai integrants were constructed that carried the chitinase (chiBlA) gene from B. licheniformis under the control of the cry11Aa promoter and terminator with and without p19 and p20 genes. The toxicity of B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai integrants against second-instar Spodoptera litura larvae was increased 1.8- to 4.6-fold compared to that of the wild-type strain (BTA1). Surprisingly, the enhanced toxicity in some strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai integrants (BtaP19CS, BtaP19CSter, and BtaCAT) correlated with an increase in toxin formation. To investigate the role of these genes in toxin production, the expression profiles of the toxin genes, cry1Aa and chiBlA, as well as their transcriptional regulators (sigK and sigE), were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) from BTA1, BtaP19CS, and BtaCAT. Expression levels of cry1Aa in these two integrants increased about 2- to 3-fold compared to those of BTA1. The expression of the transcription factor sigK also was prolonged in the integrants compared to that of the wild type; however, sigE expression was unchanged. Western blot analysis of σ(E) and σ(K) showed the prolonged accumulation of σ(E) in the integrants compared to that of BTA1, resulting in the increased synthesis of pro-σ(K) up to T(17) after the onset of sporulation in both BtaP19CS and BtaCAT compared to that of T(13) in BTA1. The results from qPCR indicate clearly that the cry1Aa promoter activity was influenced most strongly by σ(E), whereas cry11Aa depended mostly on σ(K). These results on large-crystal toxin formation with enhanced toxicity should provide useful information for the generation of strains with improved insecticidal activity.
Akt2 Regulates All Akt Isoforms and Promotes Resistance to Hypoxia through Induction of miR-21 upon Oxygen Deprivation (2011)

The growth and survival of tumor cells in an unfavorable hypoxic environment depend upon their adaptability. Here, we show that both normal and tumor cells expressing the protein kinase Akt2 are more resistant to hypoxia than cells expressing Akt1 or Akt3. This is due to the differential regulation of microRNA (miR) 21, which is upregulated by hypoxia only in Akt2-expressing cells. By upregulating miR-21 upon oxygen deprivation, Akt2 downregulates PTEN and activates all three Akt isoforms. miR-21 also targets PDCD4 and Sprouty 1 (Spry1), and the combined downregulation of these proteins with PTEN is sufficient to confer resistance to hypoxia. Furthermore, the miR-21 induction by Akt2 during hypoxia depends upon the binding of NF-κB, cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), and CBP/p300 to the miR-21 promoter, in addition to the regional acetylation of histone H3K9, all of which are under the control of Akt2. Analysis of the Akt2/miR-21 pathway in hypoxic MMTV-PyMT-induced mouse mammary adenocarcinomas and human ovarian carcinomas confirmed the activity of the pathway in vivo. Taken together, this study identifies a novel Akt2-dependent pathway that is activated by hypoxia and promotes tumor resistance via induction of miR-21.
Pathomorphological and Immunohistological Findings in Progeny of Goats Experimentally Infected with Pestiviruses (1992)

A total of 25 pregnant goats without neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus were inoculated with two different pestivirus isolates at eight different stages of gestation. In both infection groups, various malformations were observed in fetuses and neonates. In three twins with neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus leukoencephalomalacia occurred, characterized by gelatinous transformation in the cerebral hemispheres. These lesions were comparable to alterations described in alternative pathology of Border disease in sheep. Although the immunohistological findings are characteristic for immunological tolerance and viral persistence, viable offspring persistently infected with pestivirus was not observed.
Switching isotropic and anisotropic graphene growth in a solid source CVD system (2018)

Controlling the flow rate of carrier gases tunes the mode of growth from anisotropic to isotropic along with enlarging the crystal size.
Endohedral Impurities in Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

A generalization of the Anderson model that includes pseudo-Jahn-Teller impurity coupling is proposed to describe distortions of an endohedral impurity in a carbon nanotube. Treating the distortion within mean-field theory, spontaneous axial symmetry breaking is found when the vibronic coupling strength g exceeds a critical value g$_c$. The effective potential in the symmetry-broken state is found to have O(2) symmetry, in agreement with numerical calculations. For metallic zigzag nanotubes endohedrally-doped with transition metals in the dilute limit, the low-energy properties of the system may display two-channel Kondo behavior; however, strong vibronic coupling is seen to exponentially suppress the Kondo energy scale.
Supplemental Fig S4 from STAT3 Inhibition Combined with CpG Immunostimulation Activates Antitumor Immunity to Eradicate Genetically Distinct Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CpG-STAT3ASO conjugates colroccalize with RNaseH after internalization&lt;/p&gt;
Calibration of Projector Lens Distortions for Quantitative High-Resolution TEM (2005)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005
Maternal serum screening for neural tube defects and fetal chromosome abnormalities. (1993)

Second-trimester maternal serum screening is a noninvasive means of identifying pregnant women at an increased risk for various conditions including a fetus with open spina bifida, fetal Down syndrome, trisomy 18, multiple gestation, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Combinations of several different markers are available for screening. These include alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol. In this review, we discuss the benefits and limitations of the screening tests and the suggested protocols for the care of patients.
Lamb Wave-Mode Tuning of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring (2007)

An analytical and experimental investigation of the Lamb wave-mode tuning with piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWASs) is presented. The analytical investigation assumes a PWAS transducer bonded to the upper surface of an isotropic flat plate. Shear lag transfer of tractions and strains is assumed, and an analytical solution using the spacewise Fourier transform is reviewed, closed-form solutions are presented for the case of ideal bonding (i.e., load transfer mechanism localized at the PWAS boundary). The analytical solutions are used to derive Lamb wave-mode tuning curves, which indicate that frequencies exist at which the A0 mode or the S0 mode can be either suppressed or enhanced. Extensive experimental tests that verify these tuning curves are reported. The concept of “effective PWAS dimension” is introduced to account for the discrepancies between the ideal bonding hypothesis and the actual shear-lag load transfer mechanism. The paper further shows that the capability to excite only one desired Lamb wave mode is critical for practical structural health monitoring (SHM) applications such as PWAS phased array technique (e.g., the embedded ultrasonics structural radar (EUSR)) and the time reversal process (TRP). In PWAS phased array EUSR applications, the basic assumption of the presence of a single low-dispersion Lamb wave mode (S0) is invoked since several Lamb wave modes traveling at different speeds would disturb the damage imaging results. Examples are given of correctly tuned EUSR images versus detuned cases, which illustrate the paramount importance of Lamb wave-mode tuning for the success of the EUSR method. In the TRP study, an input wave packet is reconstructed at a transmission PWAS when the signal recorded at the receiving PWAS is reversed in the time domain and transmitted back to the original PWAS. Ideally, TRP could be used for damage detection without a prior baseline. However, the application of TRP to Lamb waves SHM is impended by the dispersive and multimodal nature of the Lamb waves. The presence of more then one mode usually produces additional wave packets on both sides of the original wave packet due to the coupling of the Lamb wave modes. The PWAS Lamb wave tuning technique described in this paper is used to resolve the side packets problem. Several tuning cases are illustrated. It is found that the 30kHz tuning of the A0 Lamb wave mode with a 16-count smoothed tone burst leads to the complete elimination of the side wave packets. However, the elimination was less perfect for the 290kHz tuning of the S0 mode due to the frequency sidebands present in the tone-burst wave packet.
138. Targeted Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Soluble TGFβRIIFc for Breast Cancer Metastasis (2006)

Bone metastases are present in most patients with advanced disease and can cause severe morbidity. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in the tumor cell-bone interactions resulting in bone destruction. Previously, we have made an oncolytic adenovirus rAd-sTRIIFc, which expresses soluble TGFβRIIFc for targeting breast cancer bone metastasis by destroying tumor cells while simultaneously blocking the TGF-beta signaling pathway. To improve specificity in tumor killing and limit toxicity to normal cells we placed viral E1Adl01/07 gene under the control of modified human telomerase reverse transcriptase (m-hTERT) promoter or breast tissue-specific promoter.
A Multivalent Vaccination Strategy for the Prevention of Old World Arenavirus Infection in Humans (2020)

Arenaviruses cause severe human disease ranging from aseptic meningitis following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection to hemorrhagic fever syndromes following infection with Guanarito virus (GTOV), Junin virus (JUNV), Lassa virus (LASV), Machupo virus (MACV), Sabia virus (SABV), or Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Cellular immunity, chiefly the CD8+ T-cell response, plays a critical role in providing protective immunity following infection with the Old World arenaviruses LASV and LCMV. In the current study, we evaluated whether HLA class I-restricted epitopes that are cross-reactive among pathogenic arenaviruses could be identified for the purpose of developing an epitope-based vaccination approach that would cross-protect against multiple arenaviruses. We were able to identify a panel of HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from the same region of the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV (GPC spanning residues 441 to 449 [GPC441-449]), LCMV (GPC447-455), JUNV (GPC429-437), MACV (GPC444-452), GTOV (GPC427-435), and WWAV (GPC428-436) that displayed high-affinity binding to HLA-A*0201 and were recognized by CD8+ T cells in a cross-reactive manner following LCMV infection or peptide immunization of HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Immunization of HLA-A*0201 mice with the Old World peptide LASV GPC441-449 or LCMV GPC447-455 induced high-avidity CD8+ T-cell responses that were able to kill syngeneic target cells pulsed with either LASV GPC441-449 or LCMV GPC447-455in vivo and provided significant protection against viral challenge with LCMV. Through this study, we have demonstrated that HLA class I-restricted, cross-reactive epitopes exist among diverse arenaviruses and that individual epitopes can be utilized as effective vaccine determinants for multiple pathogenic arenaviruses.
Shearographic visualization of lamb waves in carbon epoxy plates interaction with delaminations (2000)

This article presents an application of a speckle interferometry technique with video doubling, called "shearography". This technique can be used for near real time imaging of Lamb waves in continuous or burst modes, revealing the presence of delaminations in a carbon epoxy plate. The amplitude of the displacements is measured with a typical uncertainty of the order of 1 nm. The nominal Lamb wave can be suppressed from the shearographic image by optical filtering, to show only the wave interaction with any defects that may exist in the plate. This method is especially advantageous for non-destructive testing.
A Survey of Algorithms for Black-Box Safety Validation of Cyber-Physical Systems (2020)

Autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) can improve safety and efficiency for safety-critical applications, but require rigorous testing before deployment. The complexity of these systems often precludes the use of formal verification and real-world testing can be too dangerous during development. Therefore, simulation-based techniques have been developed that treat the system under test as a black box operating in a simulated environment. Safety validation tasks include finding disturbances in the environment that cause the system to fail (falsification), finding the most-likely failure, and estimating the probability that the system fails. Motivated by the prevalence of safety-critical artificial intelligence, this work provides a survey of state-of-the-art safety validation techniques for CPS with a focus on applied algorithms and their modifications for the safety validation problem. We present and discuss algorithms in the domains of optimization, path planning, reinforcement learning, and importance sampling. Problem decomposition techniques are presented to help scale algorithms to large state spaces, which are common for CPS. A brief overview of safety-critical applications is given, including autonomous vehicles and aircraft collision avoidance systems. Finally, we present a survey of existing academic and commercially available safety validation tools.
iOS-Based People Detection of Multi-object Detection System (2016)

In recent years, people detection and face recognition technology developed quickly, including people detection part there is considerable room for development. People detection can be used in vehicle auxiliary systems or monitoring systems to identify people by the camera to capture the image. However, the people detection accuracy and running speed is also a very important part, so this study presents an iOS-based people detection system, the proposed system of the people detection applied to mobile devices. This study will explore the accuracy and running speed for the HOG method of OpenCV on the iOS-based system and try to improve these problems. Through histogram of oriented gradient(HOG) method to turn images into grayscale, histogram equalization, dividing the computational domain and computing gradient feature vector and using the support vector machine(SVM) classifier to do classify, and then compare with INRIA database to determine whether a pedestrian and mark the location of pedestrians. Finally, the region of interest is added to reduce the amount of computation, so it can improve the performance of computing, analysis the accuracy and computational time of the experimentally result.