gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of compatible starch-polycaprolactone composites: Effects of hard segments in the polyurethane compatibilizer (2016)

In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polyurethane prepolymers (PCLPU) with different types of hard-segments were used as compatibilizers to prepare compatible starch-PCL composites in an intensive mixer. The effects of the hard-segments in the PCLPU compatibilizers on the structure and properties of the compatible starch-PCL composite were analyzed thoroughly. The results showed that the addition of the PCLPU compatibilizer to the composites successfully improved the compatibility between starch and PCL. Also, since the NCO content of the different PCLPU compatibilizers was similar, the major factor that affected the structure and properties of the compatible starch-PCL composites was the difference in the interactions between the PCL matrix and the different PCLPU compatibilizers. The physical crosslinking between the PCL matrix and the PCLPU with aromatic diisocyanate-based hard-segments was stronger than that between the PCL matrix and the PCLPU with aliphatic diisocyanate-based hard-segments due to the smaller degree of phase separation that occurred in the PCLPU with aromatic diisocyanate-based hard-segments. Additionally, analyses of the emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), and mechanical testing results of the composites showed that the compatibility between the starch and the PCL was improved significantly by the existence of the strong physical cross-linking between the PCLPU compatibilizer and the PCL matrix. Toward this end, the PCLPU with aromatic diisocyanate-based hard-segments improved the compatibility between the starch and the PCL better than the PCLPU with aliphatic diisocyanate-based hard-segments, and thereby boosted the overall performance of the composite materials to a higher degree.
Lung injury following pulmonary resection in the isolated, blood‐perfused rat lung (1999)

Lung resection may be complicated by postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema. Oxidant generation following surgery-induced ischaemia-reperfusion may be responsible. This hypothesis was tested utilizing isolated, in situ, blood perfused rodent lungs subjected to continuous perfusion (control subjects); one lung ventilation followed by pneumonectomy (group 1); or one lung ventilation followed by reinflation of the collapsed lung (group 2). In control subjects, no significant changes in markers of oxidant damage, oxygenation, pulmonary artery pressure or extravascular albumin extravasation were detected. In group 1 lungs, hydroxyl radical-like damage was detected in association with impaired oxygenation (p<0.05), and increased pulmonary artery pressure and extravascular albumin accumulation in both lungs. In group 2, there was evidence of hydroxyl radical-like damage, and a fall in oxygenation (p<0.05) occurred during one lung ventilation. There was a transient rise in pulmonary artery pressure following lung reinflation and extra vascular albumin accumulation was significantly increased in both lungs (right>left, p<0.05). Both changes were attenuated (p<0.05) following treatment with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger superoxide dismutase (group 2a) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (group 2b). Hydroxyl radical-like damage was undetectable following nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Oxidant stress may contribute to the pathologies seen in this model of lung injury.
Development in Somatic Gene Therapy (1994)

Clinical trials of gene transfer have begun to validate the clinical potential of gene therapy. With this progress, attention has turned increasingly to analysing the ability of various methods of gene therapy to satisfy clinical and commercial needs. There are fundamental differences between cell-based therapies, which employ genetically modified cells as a therapeutic product, virus-based therapies, which employ recombinant viral vectors as a therapeutic product and gene-based therapies in which DNA itself is formulated as a pharmaceutical product, in terms of the technologies required to develop and produce the product, the mode of clinical application, the clinical risks and the economics of commercialisation. This report reviews the potential indications for gene therapy and the status of various approaches to gene therapy in development in the context of a field which is moving rapidly from basic research to product development.
ASSOCIATION OF DRUG INJECTION PATTERNS WITH ANTIBODY TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AMONG INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND (1990)

During 1988 and 1989, intravenous drug users recruited through extensive community outreach efforts in Baltimore, Maryland, were interviewed about drug injection and sex practices in the prior 11 years, with screening for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Neither interviewers nor subjects were aware of HIV-1 serostatus until 2 weeks after the interview. Among 2,616 intravenous drug users who last injected drug within the same calendar year as screening, HIV-1 seroprevalence was 30.1% for those with any use of shooting galleries, 23.3% for those who shared needles but did not use shooting galleries, and 16.3% for drug users who denied both needle-sharing and gallery use between 1977 and 1987. Among 608 drug users who reported persistent use of shooting galleries since 1977 or subsequent initiation into drug use, there was a tendency for HIV-1 seroprevalence to increase with more recent onset of an injection career. Combined with a milder but similar tendency among 739 drug users who reported persistent sharing of needles, and a seroprevalence of 15.1% among participants who had just started injecting drugs in the 18 months prior to baseline, these data provide indirect evidence that a high risk for HIV-1 infection might occur early during a drug injection career.
Total Synthesis of Viridiofungin A. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coupled Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Modelling of Composite Car-Bodies for a Korean Tilting Train (2007)

http://www.lcacenter.org/InLCA2007/2007-abstract-book.pdf
Using a fast lens to collect the signal in a VISAR system (1991)

VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) systems are used to measure the Doppler shift of a backscattered laser beam incident on a target, from whence the target’s velocity can be calculated. In the past, slow lenses (F/4 or slower) have been used to collect the scattered light. As a result, the relationship between the velocity and the Doppler shift was precisely known, but in many applications a multiwatt laser was required to give an adequate signal. We are using faster lenses and lower-powered lasers. A faster lens will collect more power and a wider spectrum of Doppler-shifted signal. The average Doppler shift is reduced slightly because of the larger range of signal-collecting angles, but it is essentially a linear function of velocity. The wider Doppler spectrum also reduces the fringe contrast slightly, but it is only significant for very fast lenses and large numbers of fringes.
Direct Adaptive Command Following and Disturbance Rejection for Minimum Phase Systems with Unknown Relative Degree (2006)

This paper considers parameter-monotonic direct adaptive command following and disturbance rejection for single-input, single-output minimum phase linear time-invariant systems with knowledge of the sign of the high-frequency gain and an upper bound on the magnitude of the high-frequency gain. We assume that the command and disturbance signals are generated by a linear system with known spectrum. Furthermore, we assume that the command signal is measured, but the disturbance signal is unmeasured.
Techniques to Improve Physicians' Use of Diagnostic Tests (1998)

A majority of interventions to improve physicians' testing practices reported in the literature claimed success, with interventions based on multiple behavioral factors trending toward being more successful. While methodologic flaws hamper drawing strong conclusions from this literature, application of a behavioral framework appears to be useful in explaining interventions that are successful and can facilitate interpretation of intervention results.
Evolution and Diversification of the Organellar Release Factor Family (2012)

Translation termination is accomplished by proteins of the Class I release factor family (RF) that recognize stop codons and catalyze the ribosomal release of the newly synthesized peptide. Bacteria have two canonical RFs: RF1 recognizes UAA and UAG, RF2 recognizes UAA and UGA. Despite that these two release factor proteins are sufficient for de facto translation termination, the eukaryotic organellar RF protein family, which has evolved from bacterial release factors, has expanded considerably, comprising multiple subfamilies, most of which have not been functionally characterized or formally classified. Here, we integrate multiple sources of information to analyze the remarkable differentiation of the RF family among organelles. We document the origin, phylogenetic distribution and sequence structure features of the mitochondrial and plastidial release factors: mtRF1a, mtRF1, mtRF2a, mtRF2b, mtRF2c, ICT1, C12orf65, pRF1, and pRF2, and review published relevant experimental data. The canonical release factors (mtRF1a, mtRF2a, pRF1, and pRF2) and ICT1 are derived from bacterial ancestors, whereas the others have resulted from gene duplications of another release factor. These new RF family members have all lost one or more specific motifs relevant for bona fide release factor function but are mostly targeted to the same organelle as their ancestor. We also characterize the subset of canonical release factor proteins that bear nonclassical PxT/SPF tripeptide motifs and provide a molecular-model-based rationale for their retained ability to recognize stop codons. Finally, we analyze the coevolution of canonical RFs with the organellar genetic code. Although the RF presence in an organelle and its stop codon usage tend to coevolve, we find three taxa that encode an RF2 without using UGA stop codons, and one reverse scenario, where mamiellales green algae use UGA stop codons in their mitochondria without having a mitochondrial type RF2. For the latter, we put forward a "stop-codon reinvention" hypothesis that involves the retargeting of the plastid release factor to the mitochondrion.
Investigation of the polymer wick structure applied to loop heat pipe (2009)

The main purpose of this paper was to develop the manufacturing process and investigate the effects of various parameters of the polymer wicks in a loop heat pipe (LHP). In this study, Polystyrene was chosen as the material of the wick structure, and the salt-leaching method was applied to make the polymer wick structure which had properties of high porosity and low thermal conductivity. The pore radius and porosity of the polymer wick structures were controlled by changing the particle size and content of sodium chloride (NaCl). The polymer wick structures with different pore radius and porosity will be inserted into the LHP's evaporator and be tested for their thermal performance. The results showed that the polymer wick structure with higher porosity and smaller pore radius not only improved the heat transfer capability but also reduced the thermal resistance. Under the allowable evaporator temperature of 85°C, the heat transfer capacity of the polymer wick with the porosity of 80% and pore size of 5.9µm can reach 320W and the thermal resistant was 0.234°C/W.
Acinar ventilation heterogeneity (Sacin) assessed by nitrogen multiple breath washout is an accurate and sensitive marker of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (2014)

BO associated with chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) initially affects terminal and respiratory bronchioles which are poorly assessed by spirometry. Impulse Oscillation System (IOS) and the Nitrogen Multiple Breath Washout (N 2 -MBW), more sensitive to peripheral airways, were performed on 41 healthy controls and 78 HSCT recipients along with spirometry, body plethysmography and transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TL CO ). Compared to controls, recipients without BO (n=40), whether with cGVHD or not, showed increased air trapping, reduced haemoglobin-adjusted TL CO /alveolar ventilation (V A ) ratio and enhanced ventilation inhomogeneity both in conductive and acinar airways. Patients with BO showed even lower TL CO /V A , increased IOS indices sensible to small airways (DR5-20Hz=1.13±0.97 in BO vs 0.30±0.23 in controls, p=0.001, X5Hz=-1.84±2.26 in BO vs -0.95±0.21 in controls, p=0.023, R peripheral =3.57±2.89 in BO vs 1.74±0.80 in controls, p=0.003) and a three-fold increase in Sacin (551±360% vs 83±28% in controls p&lt;0.001). In 9 COPD subjects with the same degree of spirometric obstruction (mean FEV 1= 50%), the increase in Sacin (298%) was 50% less than in recipients with BO (551%, p=0.031). The ROC curve for Sacin (cut off 321%) showed 89% accuracy, 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity in identifying patients with BO compared to an accuracy of 5% for FEV 1 . In conclusion, peripheral airway function is altered following HSCT. N 2 -MBW might be useful in the early diagnosis of BO.
Activation of CDK‐activating kinase is dependent on interaction with H‐type cyclins in plants (2000)

cDNAs encoding cyclin H homologs were isolated from poplar (Populus tremula X tremuloides) and rice (Oryza sativa) plants, and were designated Pt;cycH;1 and Os;cycH;1, respectively. The deduced amino-acid sequences showed 40-60% similarity to human cyclin H and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mcs2, with higher similarity in the cyclin box region. While Pt;cycH;1 and Os;cycH;1 were expressed in all tissues examined, the transcripts accumulated abundantly in dividing cells. Expression of Os;cycH;1 was abundant in the S-phase in partially synchronized suspension cells, and was induced by submergence in internodes of deepwater rice. A yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that both Pt;CycH;1 and Os;CycH;1 were able to interact with rice R2 kinase, which is structurally and functionally similar to cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase (CAK) of vertebrates. Moreover, an in vitro pull-down assay showed that Os;CycH;1 specifically bound to R2 but not to other rice CDKs. When R2 was expressed in budding yeast CAK mutant, the suppression activity in terms of temperature-sensitivity was enhanced by co-expression with Os;cycH;1. Furthermore, in vitro kinase assay indicated that the kinase activities of R2 on CDKs and the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II were markedly elevated by binding to Os;CycH;1. Our results suggest that cyclin H is a regulatory subunit of CAK, which positively controls CDK- and CTD-kinase activities in plant cells.
Using a Modified Brooks-Corey Model to Study Oil-Water Relative Permeability for Diverse Pore Structures (2004)

Abstract Understanding the significance of apparently different relative permeability relationships is paramount in the assessment of recovery efficiency for a particular field. Apart from the normal difficulties encountered in measuring relative permeability, Australian rocks tend to exhibit considerable diagenesis, often showing clay-filled pores (kaolinite or dickite). This means that fines movement and other related phenomena are often encountered, leading to non-representative testing results. More generally, relative permeability is a function of several key parameters: pore-scale geometry (including porosity and permeability) and pore distribution (pore-scale heterogeneity), rock-fluid interaction (mineralogy, capillarity and wettability), initial fluid saturation distribution, and fluid velocity (or capillary number, when combined with fluid viscosity and interfacial tension). In some cases more severe heterogeneity, e.g. layering or fractures, may be manifested. Also, defining suitable relative permeability relationships for a particular field requires validation and integration, particularly when conflicting data is available. This paper introduces a new Brooks-Corey type approach to study relative permeability data for diverse rock types, for both onshore and offshore Australian fields, with particular emphasis on geological aspects. Data from several fields and laboratory tests have been analysed, covering standard testing methods. General conclusions are presented regarding validation and integration procedures. This analysis is believed to be unique in terms of the wide range and amount of data analysed for Australian fields. As an aid to understanding, extensive use has been made of petrographic images, and some of these are presented.
A Discussion on Stabilization of Frequency Control for Power Systems (2020)

How to practically maintain the frequency stability of large-scale power systems by a decentralized way is a simple but non-trivial question. In other words, is it possible to design any local controller without understanding the other controlled areas and with less understanding of network structure? With respect to the special properties of physical interaction between the local areas, this paper suggests two existing theories for tackling this issue. Firstly, passivity theory is shown to be a candidate for frequency control problem using swing equation. Based on the passivity of swing dynamics, it is possible to guarantee the system stability by designing for each local area a passive controller. We further extend the passivity approach to the hierarchically decentralized control system with unknown communication delay. Secondly, we discuss the application of generalized frequency variable (GFV) to the frequency control problem using area-control-error. Each local controller is designed such that each local subsystem follows a nominal model set. Utilizing GFV theory, we present a triad of conditions that sufficiently guarantee the system stability. The conditions can be tested conveniently by a limited set of inequalities established from the GFV and the eigenvalues of the physical interaction matrix. The effectiveness, limitation, and challenge of two theories are discussed by design examples with numerical simulations.
Graphene: High‐Performance Supercapacitors Based on a Zwitterionic Network of Covalently Functionalized Graphene with Iron Tetraaminophthalocyanine (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2018) (2018)

A strategy toward a new class of graphene-based electrodes for supercapacitors is presented by Radek Zbořil, Michal Otyepka and co-workers in article number 1801111. Fluorographene chemistry leads to a high-yield covalent installation of carboxyl groups. Partial conjugation of tetra-amino-iron-phthalocyanine, yields a zwitterionic architecture, which proved crucial for boosting the capacitance and the energy density of the material in a safe Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte.
Platinum-like HER onset in a GNR/MoS2 quantum dot heterostructure through curvature-dependent electron density reconfiguration (2022)

Tailoring the curvature-directed lattice strain in GNRs along with optimal surface anchoring of molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) quantum dots (QDs) can lead to a unique heterostructure with Pt-like HER activity (onset potential -60 mV). The curvature-induced electronic charge redistribution at the curved region in the graphene nanoribbons allows a facile GNR-MoS<sub>2</sub> interfacial charge transfer in the heterostructure, making the interfacial sulfur (S) more active towards the HER. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed electronically activated interfacial S-based catalytic centers in the curved GNR-based heterostructure leading to Pt-like HER activity.
Red Cell Antigens P (Globoside) and Luke: Identification byMonoclonal Antibodies Defining the Murine Stage-SpecificEmbryonic Antigens -3 and -4 (SSEA-3 and SSEA-4) (1986)

Two globoseries antigens (antigens borne on carbohydrate chains containing globoside), SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, were found on the red cells of the majority of people, but were absent from cells of rare p and P^k individuals which lack globoside. In addition, SSEA-4 was absent from red cells of Luke(-) individuals which nevertheless express the P antigen (globoside) and SSEA-3. The name LKE is proposed for the red cell antigen detected by the Luke serum and by MC813-70, the monoclonal antibody defining SSEA-4. Among the LKE+ individuals, a few showed relatively weak expression of the antigen and were grouped separately as a LKE weak (LKEw) phenotype. Using MC813-70, the frequencies of the 3 phenotypes LKE+, LKEw and LKE- in an English donor population are 0.914, 0.072 and 0.014, respectively.
Therapeutic equivalency of two lidocaine preparations (1976)

Twenty-five volunteers were studied as to the onset and duration of action of two commercial brands of lidocaine. One and two percent concentrations of the preparations were tested intradermally using a double-blind, cross-over protocol. Both needle-drop and electrical stimulation techniques were employed as the source of pain stimulus. Five additional subjects were studied in a dose-ranging study using a placebo and lidocaine concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.0%; this experiment was conduced to determine the sensitivity of the experimental methods. Both the needle-drop and electrical stimulation techniques were able to distinguish the 0.25% preparation from placebo and from the other concentrations of 1% and 2%. The two preparations were found to be statistically equivalent at concentrations of 1% and 2% and could be used interchangeably in clinical procedures.
Solid-state inclusion compounds of new host macrocycles with uncharged organic molecules. Host synthesis, inclusion properties, and x-ray crystal structure of an inclusion compound with n-propanol (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-state inclusion compounds of new host macrocycles with uncharged organic molecules. Host synthesis, inclusion properties, and x-ray crystal structure of an inclusion compound with n-propanolEdwin Weber, Hans Peter Josel, Heinrich Puff, and Sybille FrankenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 17, 3125–3132Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00217a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00217a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views963Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts