gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontological foundations for biology knowledge models. (1996)

This paper analyzes the ontological requirements for representing biology knowledge, and identifies several areas where current knowledge representation (KR) paradigms need to be extended. We focus on the representation of experimental materials and methods, and the reasoning task of intelligent information retrieval; however, the ontological issues we raise apply to biology (and experimental sciences) in general. We have identified two important concept types in molecular biology that cause problems for standard knowledge models: 1) complex substances such as mixtures and nucleic acid sequences; 2) transformations (such as biochemical reactions) that convert one substances into another. We describe these problems, propose solutions for some of them, and given examples of the need for such knowledge representations in intelligent information retrieval.
A GaAs Acoustic Sensor Based On Resonant Tunnelling Diodes (2006)

This paper reports a novel GaAs cantilever acoustic sensor based on AlAs/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As/GaAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) with a frequency output. The RTD is incorporated in a 10 mum thick cantilever diaphragm and the fabrication technology of the cantilever diaphragm is based upon the micromachined control holes technology. A relaxation oscillator is obtained with the RTD biased in the negative differential resistance (NDR) region. Pressure applied to the RTD changes the frequency of oscillation due to the shift in current-voltage characteristics. The main feature of this sensor type is the direct frequency output and the sensitivity can be up to 102KHz/KPa.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Mesoporous PW/SBA-15 for Epoxidation of α-Pinene (2012)

Supported phosphotungstic acid SBA-15 were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, transmission electron micrographs (TEM), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD and FT-IR results indicated that the substitution of tungsten occurs in the silicate framework structure of SBA-15. TEM and SEM investigations confirmed the presence of ordered high degree ordering hexagonal structure in the novel PW/SBA-15 material. Their catalytic activity was evaluated in the epoxidation of α-pinene. 2,3-epoxypinane was the main product. The results of epoxidation of α-pinene by PW(40)/SBA-15 were fellows: the conversion rate of α-pinene and the selectivity were 87.61% and 79.90% respectively.
Rethinking the secular: religion, ethics and science in food regulation (2013)

This paper explores some issues at the intersection of regulation and religion, as they apply to food. It reports on a work in progress examining the regulations and values that affect choices at food and drink outlets in an inner suburban street in Sydney.\nIt is part of a larger projected study of food as a central social, material and religious concern. In it we are exploring questions around community relations in a culturally and religiously diverse society. Here I focus on the ways religious, ethical and scientific considerations interact with regulatory regimes, whether those of government, industry, or religious bodies. Three case studies explore this range of intersecting claims and responsibilities. Religious requirements may be regulated by a religious council, Beth Din or Ulama; food safety is monitored by government and industry bodies; while consumer and animal rights organisations may be involved in demands for particular standards and the reliability of various claims for food. There is continuous negotiation between government, industry, religious or ethical bodies and consumer advocates over labelling and other regulations. Since food is ultimately a matter of consumption (indeed, it is the ultimate form of consumption), even religious regulation has much in common with other forms of consumer protection. The consumer wants to know, with some guarantee of the reliability of the certification or labelling, whether their food is safe, free range, halal, healthy, and so on.
A shared-control approach to haptic interface design for minimally invasive telesurgical training (2005)

In this brief, we propose a "shared-control" architecture for design of a haptic interface for hands-on training in minimally invasive surgery. The interface is designed to allow experienced surgeons mentor trainee surgeons through shared control of a surgical robot. During shared control, the interface provides feedback forces to both surgeons, proportional to the difference of their actions and reversely proportional to the control authority shared between them. The control authority shared between the surgeons is chosen based on their relative level of surgical skills and experience and determines the extent to which the motion of the surgical robot depends on their individual commands. We use the H/sub /spl infin// approach to design the haptic interface and present experimental results to demonstrate its suitability for the intended application of minimally invasive surgical training.
Beefmoves: Dissemination, Diversity, and Dynamics of English Borrowings in a German Hip Hop Forum (2012)

We investigate how novel English-derived words (anglicisms) are used in a Germanlanguage Internet hip hop forum, and what factors contribute to their uptake. 1
The peripheral arterial disease subgroup in the CHARISMA trial: does it tell us anything new? (2008)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is recognized as a serious cardiovascular disorder, in both epidemiological and prognostic terms. PAD is estimated to affect >27 million patients in Europe and the USA alone, and its prevalence is expected to increase further because it is typically associated with type II diabetes mellitus and with advanced age, conditions that will both steadily increase in the next decades.1 PAD patients are at markedly increased risk of major cardiovascular events; in particular, PAD is associated with a cardiovascular risk similar to that of patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) and with a life expectancy comparable with that of patients with some of the most common tumours.1,2 Patients with a previous MI or stroke who also have asymptomatic PAD have a significantly worse cardiovascular prognosis,3 and the combined presence of a low ankle–brachial index (ABI; ≤0.9) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors approximately doubles the risk of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major coronary events across all risk score categories.4

However, paradoxically, despite the epidemiological and prognostic importance of PAD, relatively few clinical trials with cardiovascular protective agents have been carried out specifically in PAD; in particular, antiplatelet therapy is used in PAD based essentially on meta-analyses,5 extrapolation of results from trials in other conditions,6 or subgroup analyses of large clinical trials enrolling patients with various clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis,7 and not on results of clinical trials specifically designed in this clinical condition. On the other hand, the combination of oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapy was shown to be no more effective than antiplatelet therapy alone, while it was associated with an increase … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +39 0755783989, Fax: +39 0755716083, Email: grespa{at}unipg.it
Drag reduction and power optimization due to an innovative, toroidal hull form of an AUV (2023)

Abstract The use of unconventional design has become a norm for mission-specific underwater autonomous craft. Geometrical characteristics and drag optimized shapes of single-hulled underwater vehicles are known since 1970s and a few significant improvements have been possible since then. These are mostly related to the efficiency of a wake adapted propeller, positioned at the stern in wake of the hull. In a novel effort, when the propeller is integrated into the craft at center-line, and the hull in its entirety is designed to act as the duct, the drag of the hull is further reduced. This craft uses a toroidal hull form that distributes payload axi-symmetrically around an internal ducted thruster. The craft is designed to operate at an economic cruise speed of 2kn. The power consumption is optimized to achieve an endurance of over 500 miles through this implementation of a ducted thruster. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the new toroidal hull are compared to those of a reference design which is slender and conventionally shaped. This conventional design is intended for the same volume and dimensions of payload. A reduction of 13% in drag from the first to final design iteration is achieved. This reduction in drag is due to a higheer effective length to thickness ratio of the ducted AUV, quantified in terms of a new parameter defined as I h . The reduction of the wetted surface area also contributes to the drag optimization. The article shows that the shape of the leading edge of the toroidal hull becomes important to achieve low drag. The process of design and optimization using CFD, with the most appropriate turbulence models is detailed. The beneficial effect of the acceleration induced in the flow at the leading edge and trailing edge of the hull by the integrated thruster is studied and explained with the help of CFD results.
Guaranteed error correction of faulty bit-flipping decoders under data-dependent gate failures (2016)

In this paper we analyze the effect of hardware unreliability to performance of bit-flipping decoders of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We apply expander arguments to show that the simple parallel bit flipping decoder, built partially from faulty gates, can correct a linear fraction of worst case channel errors, when gate failures are correlated and dependent on the switching activity of logic gates. In addition, we provide a lower bound on the guaranteed error correction of LDPC codes with left degree of at least eight.
The Reflectance Spectra of Photonic Crystals with Embedded Ferrite Inclusions (2009)

Results of optical properties investigations of photonic crystals, filled by ferrites, are presented. The photonic crystals consist of amorphous SiO2 spherical nanoclusters. Pores of the crystals were filled by ferrites , where . Reflectance spectra were studied in visible range. It was shown that the reflectivity of the fabricated magnetophotonic crystals increases up to 80% under magnetization.
Nature of Bacterial Provocation Determines Susceptibility To Colitis (B117) (2007)

Abstract Development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves predisposing and triggering events including aberrant immune responses against microbial antigens. Colonization of defined flora (DF) mice with Helicobacter bilis has been shown to induce immune responses to the resident flora. Aim: To determine the mechanisms underpinning susceptibility to colitis after colonizing DF mice with new bacterial species. Methods: Following colonization of DF mice with H. bilis or Escherichia coli, mice were treated with a low dose (1.5 %) of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (i.e., inflammatory trigger). Following euthanization, severity of colonic lesions were assessed as well as flora-specific antibody and T cell responses. Results: Colonization of DF mice with H. bilis, unlike E. coli, significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) increased the severity of DSS-induced colitis. T cells from mice colonized with H. bilis and E. coli displayed in vitro ASF-specific recall responses but only the responses from the H. bilis-infected mice correlated with severity of lesions. T cell responses from E. coli-colonized mice produced more ASF-specific IL-10 than those from H. bilis colonized mice. Implications: These studies indicate that bacterial colonization can perturb mucosal homeostasis by impairing mucosal regulatory function(s) and exacerbate host susceptibility to subsequent colitic insults resulting in IBD. Supported by F31DK070563-01A2.
V-band pHEMT dual-conversion down-converter with Schottky diode RF mixer and analog Gilbert IF mixer (2014)

A V-band dual-conversion down-converter with the Schottky-diode first conversion mixer and the analog Gilbert second conversion mixer is demonstrated using 0.15-μm pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) technology. The diode mixer based on quarter-wavelength design methodology occupies a reasonable real estate at millimeter-wave frequency while the analog IF mixer has the size advantage at low microwave frequency. A trifilar transformer is employed in the first mixer to have balanced RF/LO/IF signals for the anti-parallel diode-pairs while a Marchand balance converts the RF signal into the balanced one. Analog I/Q Gilbert mixers driven by the poly-phase filter in the LO port achieve precise I/Q IF output. As a result, this work achieves a wideband conversion gain around -1 dB from 54-64 GHz, -5 dBm of IP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> , and 6 dBm of IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> .
Genetic Mapping and QTL Analysis of Growth-Related Traits in Pinctada fucata Using Restriction-Site Associated DNA Sequencing (2014)

The pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (P. fucata), is one of the marine bivalves that is predominantly cultured for pearl production. To obtain more genetic information for breeding purposes, we constructed a high-density linkage map of P. fucata and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth-related traits. One F1 family, which included the two parents, 48 largest progeny and 50 smallest progeny, was sampled to construct a linkage map using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq). With low coverage data, 1956.53 million clean reads and 86,342 candidate RAD loci were generated. A total of 1373 segregating SNPs were used to construct a sex-average linkage map. This spanned 1091.81 centimorgans (cM), with 14 linkage groups and an average marker interval of 1.41 cM. The genetic linkage map coverage, Coa, was 97.24%. Thirty-nine QTL-peak loci, for seven growth-related traits, were identified using the single-marker analysis, nonparametric mapping Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test. Parameters included three for shell height, six for shell length, five for shell width, four for hinge length, 11 for total weight, eight for soft tissue weight and two for shell weight. The QTL peak loci for shell height, shell length and shell weight were all located in linkage group 6. The genotype frequencies of most QTL peak loci showed significant differences between the large subpopulation and the small subpopulation (P<0.05). These results highlight the effectiveness of RAD-Seq as a tool for generation of QTL-targeted and genome-wide marker data in the non-model animal, P. fucata, and its possible utility in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
LOW INCIDENCE OF SYMPTOMATIC STROKES AFTER CAROTID STENTING WITHOUT EMBOLIZATION PROTECTION DEVICES FOR EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID STENOSIS (2008)

Our experience reveals that CAS can be performed safely with risks similar to those reported in series in which EPDs were used. Any procedure or device that adds risk and cost to the patient should be evaluated with a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate its efficacy, especially in situations in which published data provide conflicting results. The use of EPDs should be no exception to this paradigm.
Atomic layer deposition enhanced rapid dry fabrication of micromechanical devices with cryogenic deep reactive ion etching (2007)

A fast, dry microfabrication process combining atomic layer deposition, electron beam lithography and cryogenic deep reactive ion etching is presented. The process exploits the extremely high selectivity of atomic layer deposited amorphous Al2O3 (alumina) to silicon in cryogenic etching by using an ultra-thin (t ⩽ 5nm) Al2O3 film as a mask. The process rules and limitations are carefully analyzed and a thorough understanding of the limiting factors is reached, and the effect of the limitations on the critical output current of a dc-biased clamped–clamped beam is studied. To test the process, multiresonant tuning fork resonators are fabricated and found to exhibit Q ≈ 8000 at fr ≈ 11.4 MHz. Both values are the highest reported for resonators fabricated with the dry process and comparable with values achieved with existing silicon micromachining processes.
A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation among segmentation, motion, and residual error (1997)

We present a theory for the optimal bit allocation among quadtree (QT) segmentation, displacement vector field (DVF), and displaced frame difference (DFD). The theory is applicable to variable block size motion-compensated video coders (VBSMCVC), where the variable block sizes are encoded using the QT structure, the DVF is encoded by first-order differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), the DFD is encoded by a block-based scheme, and an additive distortion measure is employed. We derive an optimal scanning path for a QT that is based on a Hilbert curve. We consider the case of a lossless VBSMCVC first, for which we develop the optimal bit allocation algorithm using dynamic programming (DP). We then consider a lossy VBSMCVC, for which we use Lagrangian relaxation, and show how an iterative scheme, which employs the DP-based solution, can be used to find the optimal solution. We finally present a VBSMCVC, which is based on the proposed theory, which employs a DCT-based DFD encoding scheme. We compare the proposed coder with H.263. The results show that it outperforms H.263 significantly in the rate distortion sense, as well as in the subjective sense.
Bioinspired and Highly Oriented Clay Nanocomposites with a Xyloglucan Biopolymer Matrix: Extending the Range of Mechanical and Barrier Properties (2012)

The development of clay bionanocomposites requires processing routes with nanostructural control. Moreover, moisture durability is a concern with water-soluble biopolymers. Here, oriented bionanocomposite coatings with strong in-plane orientation of clay platelets are for the first time prepared by continuous water-based processing. Montmorillonite (MTM) and a "new" unmodified biological polymer (xyloglucan (XG)) are combined. The resulting nanocomposites are characterized by FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD. XG adsorption on MTM is measured by quartz crystal microbalance analysis. Mechanical and gas barrier properties are measured, also at high relative humidity. The reinforcement effects are modeled. XG dimensions in composites are estimated using atomistic simulations. The nanostructure shows highly oriented and intercalated clay platelets. The reinforcement efficiency and effects on barrier properties are remarkable and are likely to be due to highly oriented and well-dispersed MTM and strong XG-MTM interactions. Properties are well preserved in humid conditions and the reasons for this are discussed.
Significant ecological impact on the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli with increased community use of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2010)

The rapid increase in CIPNS E. coli causing bacteraemia was closely related to the increase in resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, production of ESBLs and resistance to aminoglycosides. Community use of fluoroquinolones (mainly moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid represents a significant driver in the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteraemic E. coli.
Performance evaluation of distributed security protocols using discrete event simulation. (2005)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that manages inter-domain routing on the Internet lacks security. Protective measures using public key cryptography introduce complexities and costs. 
To support authentication and other security functionality in large networks, we need public key infrastructures (PKIs). Protocols that distribute and validate certificates introduce additional complexities and costs. The certification path building algorithm that helps users establish trust on certificates in the distributed network environment is particularly complicated. 
Neither routing security nor PKI come for free. Prior to this work, the research study on performance issues of these large-scale distributed security systems was minimal. In this thesis, we evaluate the performance of BGP security protocols and PKI systems. We answer the questions about how the performance affects protocol behaviors and how we can improve the efficiency of these distributed protocols to bring them one step closer to reality. 
The complexity of the Internet makes an analytical approach difficult; and the scale of Internet makes empirical approaches also unworkable. Consequently, we take the approach of simulation. We have built the simulation frameworks to model a number of BGP security protocols and the PKI system. We have identified performance problems of Secure BGP (S-BGP), a primary BGP security protocol, and proposed and evaluated Signature Amortization (S-A) and Aggregated Path Authentication (APA) schemes that significantly improve efficiency of S-BGP without compromising security. We have also built a simulation framework for general PKI systems and evaluated certification path building algorithms, a critical part of establishing trust in Internet-scale PKI, and used this framework to improve algorithm performance.
Symptomatik der primären Endokardfibroelastose im Erwachsenenalter (2001)

Primary endocardial fibroelastosis of the contracted type must be included in the differential diagnosis of heart failure occurring in young adults.
Band Structure and Optical Properties of Diamond. (1968)

Three points in Fig. They are the I point in the conduction band, and the two adjacent points along the
Oxygenated Hexylitaconates from a Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. (2011)

In the course of our search for bioactive metabolites from marine organisms, new hexylitaconic acid derivatives (1-4), along with (3S)-hexylitaconic acid (5), were isolated from a sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp. Based on the NMR and MS data, the structures of compounds 1-4 were defined as α,β-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as hexylitaconic acid and tensyuic acids which were previously reported as metabolite of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium striatisporum, or Apiospora montagnei. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines, and for anti-inflammatory activity gauged by their inhibitory effects on the production of major pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β) in murine macrophage cells. Compounds 1 and 4 showed weak inhibition of IL-1β production at the concentration of 200 µM.