gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permissible Temporary Occlusion Time in Aneurysm Surgery as Evaluated by Evoked Potential Monitoring (1993)

TO CLARIFY THE permissible time for temporary vascular occlusion during aneurysm surgery, we have undertaken a retrospective analysis of the results of intraoperative median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring in 97 patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) (46 patients) or internal carotid artery (ICA) (51 patients) aneurysms. All patients underwent temporary vascular occlusion, lasting from 2 to 70 minutes, under the administration of a mixed solution of 20% mannitol with phenytoin and vitamin E. The mean occlusion time was 20.3 minutes for the MCA patients and 15.8 minutes for the ICA patients. The SEP disappeared during occlusion in 42 patients (30 MCA and 12 ICA). All but three eventually recovered the SEP to the baseline level after recirculation, and none of the 39 patients had postoperative sequelae. The time period from the start of occlusion until the complete loss of the SEP averaged 8.6 minutes among these 39 patients, and the occlusion time from total SEP loss until recirculation averaged 12 minutes. In the remaining 3 of the 42 patients (all 3 being ICA aneurysm patients), however, the SEP did not recover after recirculation and all 3 patients showed postoperative sequelae. In two of these three patients, vascular occlusions were performed at the multiple sites (i.e., at the ICA, MCA, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery) and the SEP disappeared rapidly after the occlusion. We conclude from these results that during surgery on MCA or ICA aneurysms, when the SEP has gradually decreased and has become completely attenuated after vascular occlusion, postoperative sequelae will not appear if recirculation is begun within about 10 minutes after attenuation of the SEP. The limitations of SEP monitoring are also discussed.
Insect Diets (2003)

Many of the advances in entomology during the past century can be attributed to the ability to rear insects successfully on artificial diets. Reliance upon these diets dictates that we understand how and why diets work and why they fail. Insect Diets: Science and Technology explains the intricacies and dynamics of this complex and misunderstood asp
Identification of Residues Critical for Regulation of Protein Stability and the Transactivation Function of the Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α by the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene Product (2003)

Under normoxic conditions the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein is targeted for degradation by the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor protein acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Binding of pVHL to HIF-1alpha is dependent on hydroxylation of specific proline residues by O(2)-dependent prolyl 4-hydroxylases. Upon exposure to hypoxia the hydroxylase activity is inhibited, resulting in stabilization of HIF-1alpha protein levels and activation of transcription of target genes. One of the two critical proline residues, Pro(563) in mouse HIF-1alpha, is located within a bifunctional domain, the N-terminal transactivation domain (N-TAD), which mediates both pVHL-dependent degradation at normoxia and transcriptional activation at hypoxia. Here we have identified two N-TAD residues, Tyr(564) and Ile(565), which, in addition to Pro(563), were critical for pVHL-mediated degradation at normoxia. We have also identified D568A/D569A/D570A, F571A, and L573A as mutations of the N-TAD that abrogated binding to pVHL both in vitro and in vivo, and constitutively stabilized N-TAD against degradation. Moreover, the mutations Y564G, L556A/L558A, and F571A/L573A drastically reduced the transactivation function of either the isolated N-TAD or full-length HIF-1alpha in hypoxic cells. Interestingly, the P563A mutant exhibited a constitutively active and potent transactivation function that was enhanced by functional interaction with the transcriptional coactivator protein CREB-binding protein. In conclusion, we have identified by mutation analysis several residues that are critical for either one or both of the interdigitated and conditionally regulated degradation and transactivation functions of the N-TAD of HIF-1alpha.
Spinal cord morphology and antinociception after chronic intrathecal administration of excitatory amino acid antagonists in the rat (1993)

Drugs that antagonize the action of excitatory amino acids on the NMDA receptor in the spinal cord are of interest in pain treatment. Before such drugs can be applied clinically, their potential toxicity should be studied. This study was performed in rats in order to reveal possible neurotoxicologic side effects following chronic intrathecal (i.t.) application of two NMDA receptor antagonists: 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) and kynurenic acid (KYN). Rats equipped with i.t. catheters were injected twice a day for 2 weeks with saline, 2 nmol (0.5 micrograms) CPP or 210 nmol (40 micrograms) KYN, where the doses of CPP and KYN were chosen on the basis of similar analgesic effects after one administration. Antinociception was tested daily using the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. The antinociceptive effect was similar in CPP- and KYN-treated rats on days 1 and 2. The effect of CPP decreased during the following days, whereas that of KYN persisted for the 12-day testing period. The spinal cord was then removed and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination, and a morphometric method using an unbiased stereological estimator of cell number and cell volume was applied as a sensitive variable of spinal cord neurotoxicity. Morphologic and ultrastructural analyses of the spinal cord segment adjacent to the tip of the catheter showed normal appearance with no differences between the groups. Furthermore, no differences in cell number or cell volume in the dorsal horn were found between the groups. In conclusion, chronic i.t. administration of pharmacologically active doses of CPP and KYN in rats did not produce neurotoxic effects in the spinal cord.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis, catalytic properties and biological activity of new water soluble ruthenium cyclopentadienyl PTA complexes [(C5R5)RuCl(PTA)2] (R = H, Me; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane)Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthesis, 31P{1H}, 1H, 13C NMR characterisation and elemental analysis of 1 and 2. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b210102e/ (2002)

The new water soluble ruthenium complexes [(C5R5)RuCl(PTA)2] (R = H, Me; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) were synthesised and characterised. Their evaluation as regioselective catalysts for hydrogenation of unsaturated ketones in aqueous biphasic conditions and as cytotoxic agents towards the TS/A adenocarcinoma cell line is briefly presented.
Evaluation of Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Mouthwashes Using In Vitro Disk Retention and Ex Vivo Plaque Glycolysis Methods. (1997)

The Disk Retention Assay (DRA) is an in vitro method developed to measure the available level of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in mouthwash formulations. This method is based on the binding of the cationic CPC molecule to the anionic surface of a cellulose filter disk. Aqueous CPC solutions demonstrate a linear response (A545) for concentrations up to 0.3%. Higher levels of CPC showed no increased response in the assay. Among common oral product ingredients, at relevant concentrations, surfactants are the primary compounds which inhibit CPC detection and hence, chemical availability. Poloxamer-407 decreased CPC availability to 60% at 0.1%, to 10% at 0.5%, and to 24-33% for 0.2-0.4%. Polysorbate-80 decreased CPC availability to 30% at 0.1% and 6% at 0.25%. A range (4-54%) of available levels of CPC were determined for several commercial products containing 0.045-0.05% nominal levels of CPC indicating significant formulation excipient influence. A plaque glycolysis (PG) assay was used to determine the biological activity of all mouthwash products analyzed by DRA. An experimental series of mouthwash formulations having nominal CPC levels of 0-0.10% demonstrated a good correlation (r2 = 0.955) between the calculated available level of CPC (DRA) and inhibition of plaque glycolysis. The calculated available level of CPC from select commercial mouthwash products, also fit the established correlation with biological activity. The combination of DRA and plaque glycolysis methods are valuable tools which can be used during development to maximize the biological activity of CPC mouthwash formulations prior to clinical evaluation.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Fluorescence Biosensors for Pathogen Recognition in Water Systems (2008)

The possibility of using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aggregates as fluorescence sensors for pathogen recognition in drinking water treatment applications has been studied. Batch adsorption study is conducted to adsorb large concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus aureus SH 1000 and Escherichia coli pKV‐11 on single‐walled carbon nanotubes. Subsequently the immobilized bacteria are detected with confocal microscopy by coating the nanotubes with fluorescence emitting antibodies. The Freundlich adsorption equilibrium constant ( k ) for S.aureus and E.coli determined from batch adsorption study was found to be 9 × 10 8 and 2 × 10 8 ml/g, respectively. The visualization of bacterial cells adsorbed on fluorescently modified carbon nanotubes is also clearly seen. The results indicate that hydrophobic single‐walled carbon nanotubes have excellent bacterial adsorption capacity and fluorescent detection capability. This is an important advancement in designing fluorescence biosensors for pathogen recognition in water systems.
A cosmeceutical formulation based on boswellic acids for the treatment of erythematous eczema and psoriasis (2014)

A topical formulation of Bosexil(®) may be promising for the treatment of psoriasis and erythematous eczema. Long-term studies are recommended to evaluate the adherence to this topical treatment and its clinical benefits in real life.
Abstract 5481: Therapy of human LN229 glioblastoma growing in the brain of nude mice by Macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor A and B antagonist, combined with Temozolomide. (2013)

Abstract Purpose: We determined whether the blockade of endothelin receptor pathways can reverse the chemoprotection mediated by astrocytes and produce therapy of Human LN 229 Glioblastoma cells growing in the brain of nude mice treated with the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, Macitentan and Temozolomide (TMZ). Materials and Methods: In the first set of experiments, murine astrocytes were cultured with tumor cells in the presence or absence of Macitentan and TMZ. For therapy studies the leuciferas labeled LN229 cells were implanted (stereotactically) into the brains of nude mice. The mice were ear tagged and imaged by IVIS spectrometer at multiple times. On day 24 the mice were randomized to receive vehicle, TMZ (p.o., 7.5mg/kg, one week on and two weeks off), Macitentan (p.o., 10mg/kg, daily) and Macitentan plus TMZ. Survival of mice was compared by Kaplan-Meyer curve (log-rank test) and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out for multiple markers. Results: Simultaneous blocking of endothelin receptor A and B pathways reversed the in culture protection induced by astrocytes against TMZ (p&amp;lt;0.05). Therapy with Macitentan and TMZ significantly prolonged the survival of mice (p&amp;lt;0.0001) .The blockade of endothelin receptor A and B significantly decreased the level of expression of phosphorylated AKT and MAPK, and down-regulated the expression of BCL2L1, TWIST1 and GSTA5 in LN 229 cells growing in the brain. Proliferation of tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells was significantly decreased. Moreover the apoptosis of LN229 cells was significantly increased in the brain of the combination treatment group. Conclusion: Blockade of endothelin receptor A and B pathways by Macitentan combined with TMZ provides a new approach for the treatment of patients with Glioblastoma. Citation Format: Sun Jin Kim, Seung Wook Kim, Hyun Jin Choi, Ho Jeong Lee, Francois Lehembre, Junqin He, Urs Regenass, Charles A Conrad, W.K. Yung, Isaiah J. Fidler. Therapy of human LN229 glioblastoma growing in the brain of nude mice by Macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor A and B antagonist, combined with Temozolomide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5481. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5481
Anti‐thyroid antibodies as a predictor of thyroid cancer (2013)

Patients with positive thyroid antibodies have a greater risk of malignancy in those with benign FNAC. We recommend routine thyroid antibody assessment in addition to FNAC as part of the assessment of thyroid nodules.
Effect of gravity on subject-specific human lung deformation (2017)

A biomechanical model of human lung is developed and used to investigate the effect of gravity on lung deformation. The lung is assumed to behave as a poro-elastic medium with spatially dependent elastic property. Finite element analysis is performed on a three-dimensional (3D) lung geometry reconstructed from a four-dimensional Computed Tomography (4DCT) scan dataset of human patient. The spatially dependent Young’s modulus (YM) values are estimated using inverse analysis from a linear elastic deformation model. The predicted deformation of selected landmarks is monitored with and without gravity, and compared with data obtained from 4DCT registration. The results show that gravity indeed significantly affects the magnitude and distribution of lung deformation with the maximum displacement enhanced by 54% in the direction of gravity, for the conditions investigated. In summary, the accuracy of predicted deformation is improved through incorporation of gravity in the biomechanical model of lung.
Optimal Use of Zero Vectors for Minimizing the Output Current Distortion in Matrix Converters (2008)

This paper is focused on the current quality of matrix converter controlled by space vector modulation (SVM) feeding inductive loads. The analysis carried out in this paper leads to the determination of the optimal use of zero vectors, i.e., the switching pattern leading to the minimum rms value of the load current ripple. The optimization of the switching pattern is based on the graphical analysis of the loci described by the ripple of the current vector in the alpha- beta reference frame. As a result, a set of analytical relationships that allow the online calculation of the duty cycles of the zero vectors is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results confirm that the current ripple of the proposed modulation strategy is lower than that of traditional SVM strategies and, in some cases, with a reduced number of commutations.
Imidazole and Polyene Activity Against Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum (1981)

Two imidazoles (ketoconazole and miconazole) and a polyene (amphotericin B) were active against both chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. The efficacy of these agents at clinically achievable concentrations suggests that they may also be effective against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum in vivo. The antimalarial activity of imidazoles (which inhibitsterolsynthesis in fungi) suggests that the malaria parasitemaysynthesize sterols and mayprovide a valuable probe to study the lipid metabolism of plasmodia.
Comparison of thyristor vs. chopper rectifiers in a common application (2002)

This paper compares the electrical parameters of two large DC power supplies operating in the same plant operation. Each of the supplies is rated at 13.2 kV input and 35000 Amp 156-Volt output and both are powering graphite furnaces. The installation of a chopper power supply in replacement of a thyristor supply will enable a comparison of all the features of both topologies while operating side by side in the same operating plant environment. Key parameters that will be compared are power factor, harmonics, efficiencies, response to input transients and to load changes, total power consumption and operating cost per unit production. A "constant output power" regulation mode is used and the effect on "system flicker" and furnace operation are compared.
Soil physicochemical properties associated with the yield and phytochemical composition of the edible halophyte Crithmum maritimum (2023)

There is growing interest in the consumption of halophytes due to their excellent nutritional profile and antioxidant properties, and their cultivation offers viable alternatives in the face of irreversible global salinization of soils. Nevertheless, abiotic factors strongly influence their phytochemical composition, and little is known about how growing conditions can produce plants with the best nutritional and functional properties. Crithmum maritimum is an edible halophyte with antioxidant properties and considerable potential for sustainable agriculture in marginal environments. However, it is found naturally in contrasting habitats with variable soil physicochemical properties and the extent to which edaphic factors can influence plant performance, accumulation of phytochemicals and their quality remains unknown. We investigated the influence of soil physicochemical properties (texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content and mineral element concentrations) on growth and reproductive performance, nutritional traits, and the accumulation of specific metabolites in C. maritimum. Soil, leaf and seed samples were taken from eight C. maritimum populations located on the southern coasts of Spain and Portugal. We found greater vegetative growth and seed production in coarser, sandier soils with lower microelement concentrations. The nutritional traits of leaves varied, with soil organic matter and macronutrient content associated with reduced leaf Na, protein and phenolic (mainly flavonoid) concentrations, whereas soils with lower pH and Fe concentrations, and higher clay content yielded plants with lower leaf Zn concentration and greater accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids. The nutritional value of the seed oil composition appeared to be enhanced in soils with coarser texture and lower microelement concentrations. The accumulation of specific phenolic compounds in the seed was influenced by a wide range of soil properties including texture, pH and some microelements. These findings will inform the commercial cultivation of C. maritimum, particularly in the economic exploitation of poorly utilized, saline soils.
Pterostilbene inhibited tumor invasion via suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2009)

Pterostilbene, a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, is known to have diverse pharmacologic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, apoptosis, anti-proliferation and analgesic potential. However, the effects of pterostilbene in preventing invasion of cancer cells have not been studied. Here, we report our finding that pterostilbene significantly suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasion, migration and metastasis of human hepatoma cells (HepG(2) cells). Increase in the enzyme activity, protein and messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were observed in TPA-treated HepG(2) cells, and these were blocked by pterostilbene. In addition, pterostilbene can inhibit TPA-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor. Transient transfection experiments also showed that pterostilbene strongly inhibited TPA-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-dependent transcriptional activity in HepG(2) cells. Moreover, pterostilbene can suppress TPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and protein kinase C that are upstream of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Significant therapeutic effects were further demonstrated in vivo by treating nude mice with pterostilbene (50 and 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally) after inoculation with HepG(2) cells into the tail vein. Presented data reveal that pterostilbene is a novel, effective, anti-metastatic agent that functions by downregulating MMP-9 gene expression.
Dose effects and predictors of outcome in a randomized trial of transdermal nicotine patches in general practice (2003)

The transdermal nicotine patch has proved an effective aid to smoking cessation. The ease of securing good compliance gives it a potential advantage over nicotine gum as an adjunct to brief advice and support in primary care settings where the major public health impact is obtained. In a preliminary report of half the sample of a randomized placebo controlled trial, we showed the patch to be effective in a general practice setting. We report here the definitive results of the full sample, including dose effects, predictors of outcome and other issues of theoretical and practical interest. A total of 1200 heavy smokers (> or = 15 per day), attending 30 general practices in 15 English counties received brief GP advice, a booklet and 16 hours per day patch treatment for 18 weeks. Dose increase and abrupt vs. gradual reduction of patch dosage were also randomized and follow-ups conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. Outcome was measured by self-reported complete abstinence from week 3 to 52 with biochemical validation at all follow-up points. Nicotine patch treatment doubled the rate of continuous abstinence up to 1 year (nicotine 9.6%, placebo 4.8%, p < 0.01); it most likely worked by reducing withdrawal symptoms. It enhanced cessation during the first week and reduced relapse during the second week. The dose increase after week 1 produced no sustained increase in cessation. Gradual reduction was no better at preventing relapse than abrupt withdrawal of patches after week 12. Whether relapse would have increased by ending treatment at some point between weeks 3 and 12 was not tested. Although pre-treatment dependence on cigarettes was prognostic of failure, the patches were equally helpful to both highly and less dependent smokers. Patches were particularly helpful to smokers with pre-treatment subclinical dysthymic symptoms. All but one of the 96 subjects eventually achieving long-term abstinence in the study quit during the first week of cessation.