gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A testis-specific Heme Peroxidase HPX12 regulates male fertility in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi (2020)

Abstract In humans, dysregulation of the antioxidant defense system has a detrimental impact on male fertility and reproductive physiology. Establishing such a correlation in disease vectors may pave a new way to manipulate male’s reproductive physiology, but remains the least attended. Since long - term storage of healthy and viable sperm earmarks male’s reproductive competency, we tested whether the anti-oxidative system protein also influences male fertility in the mosquito An. stephensi . We showed that a testis-specific HPX12 is critical for maintaining the physiological homeostasis of male mosquito’s reproductive organs. Disruption of this antioxidant enzyme by dsRNA silencing in the male mosquito severely impairs the reproductive potential of mated blood-fed female mosquitoes,resulting in a loss of 60% eggs. Our data demonstrate that increased ROS in the HPX12 mRNA depleted mosquitoes is an ultimate cause of sperm disabilities both qualitatively as well as quantitatively.
Vitamin D: Important for Prevention of Osteoporosis, Cardiovascular Heart Disease, Type 1 Diabetes, Autoimmune Diseases, and Some Cancers (2005)

Vitamin D is very important for overall health and wellbeing. A major source of vitamin D comes from exposure to sunlight. Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood and not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is used to determine vitamin D status. A blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 20 ng/mL is considered to be vitamin D sufficient. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of many common cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular heart disease, and type I diabetes.
Atypical cardiostimulant β‐adrenoceptor in the rat heart: stereoselective antagonism by bupranolol but lack of effect by some bupranolol analogues (2003)

1. Atypical beta-adrenoceptors resistant to propranolol, but blocked by bupranolol, increase contractile force and/or frequency of the heart in humans and rats. We compared the potencies of the enantiomers of bupranolol and examined the possible effects of seven bupranolol analogues including bevantolol (BEV) at this receptor in pithed and vagotomized rats. 2. CGP 12177, an agonist of the atypical beta-adrenoceptor, increased heart rate dose-dependently. Its dose-response curve was shifted to the right by S-(-)-bupranolol 10 micro mol kg(-1) by a factor of 8.4, but not affected by the same dose of R-(+)-bupranolol. 3. Desmethylbupranolol and compounds BK-21, BK-22, BK-23 and BK-25 also increased heart rate dose-dependently. The beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712 given in combination with the beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 (0.1 micro mol kg(-1) each) reduced the positive chronotropic action of the five bupranolol analogues without affecting that of CGP 12177. The potencies of the bupranolol analogues to increase heart rate were correlated (r=0.91, P<0.05) with their affinities for beta(1)-adrenoceptor binding sites in rat brain cortex membranes labelled with [(3)H]CGP 12177 (in the presence of ICI 118,551). 4. BK-26 and BEV, 10 micro mol kg(-1) each, had only minor effects on heart rate by themselves and did not antagonize the effect of CGP 12177. However, at 1 micro mol kg(-1), they antagonized the increase in heart rate elicited by the beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist prenalterol. 5. In conclusion, bupranolol is a stereoselective antagonist at the atypical cardiostimulant beta-adrenoceptor. The effects of the bupranolol analogues are related to the activation or blockade of beta(1)-adrenoceptors, but not of atypical beta-adrenoceptors.
Advanced model and analysis for series resistance in sub-100 nm CMOS including poly depletion and overlap doping gradient effect (2002)

An advanced series resistance model is developed for characterizing a heavily doped shallower source/drain extension (SDE), polysilicon gate depletion effects, doping gradient effect in SDE to gate overlap region, relatively enlarged sidewall length, a silicide-diffusion contact system, and a high-/spl kappa/ dielectric sidewall. The proposed model predicts that silicide-diffusion contact resistance and overlap resistance will be major components in total series resistance of future scaled sub-100 nm MOSFETs, The series resistance can be dramatically reduced through controlling both abruptness of SDE profile and silicide Schottky barrier engineering.
Supplementary Material from KIM-1 as a Blood-Based Marker for Early Detection of Kidney Cancer: A Prospective Nested Case–Control Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Figures 1 and 2&lt;/p&gt;
Fisheye optics for omnidirectional perception (2014)

This document describes the design process of fisheye optics designed for omnidirectional perception in automated guided vehicles. Requirements for a custom designed fisheye lens are first derived from the application requirements. Based on these requirements the selected measurement geometry and lens design are explained and justified. Some expected optical performance values are listed and also the upcoming test procedures are described. The overall target of the paper is to present the specification, design and test phases of the application oriented fisheye optics design task which was done as a part of the EC-funded PAN-Robots project.
Thin foil substrates for rugged and lightweight TFT backplanes (1998)

This paper looks at thin foil substrates for rugged and lightweight TFT backplanes
Spinal Progenitor-Laden Bridges Support Earlier Axon Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury (2018)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of tissue innervation below the injury. Spinal progenitors have a greater ability to repair the damage and can be injected into the injury, but their regenerative potential is hampered by their poor survival after transplantation. Biomaterials can create a cell delivery platform and generate a more hospitable microenvironment for the progenitors within the injury. In this work, polymeric bridges are used to deliver embryonic spinal progenitors to the injury, resulting in increased progenitor survival and subsequent regeneration and functional recovery, thus demonstrating the importance of combined therapeutic approaches for SCI.
Predicting Growth Trajectory in Vestibular Schwannoma From Radiomic Data Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Clinicians are not able to predict the growth-rate of a vestibular schwannoma (VS) by reviewing a standard MRI. Recently, the field of radiomics has enabled high-dimensional, quantitative datasets to be created from imaging obtained during routine clinical care. This study investigates whether supervised machine learning techniques can yield accurate predictions of volumetric growth-rate based on radiomic data from MRIs of treatment-naïve VSs. METHODS: A total of 212 patients diagnosed with unilateral VS between 2012 and 2018 underwent measurement of tumor volume on all pre-treatment MRIs. The number of MRIs per patient ranged from 2 to 11, totaling 699 individual studies. Annualized volumetric growth-rate was calculated for each patient. Two cohorts were formed from the 30 patients with the lowest (−20% to 10%) and the 40 patients with the highest (55%-165%) annualized growth-rates, respectively. Manual segmentation of tumor volumes on the last pre-treatment MRI for each patient was performed using 3D Slicer. Pyradiomics was used to calculate histogram, shape, and texture parameters from ADC, CISS, T2 weighted, and postcontrast T1 weighted sequences, resulting in a total of 311 radiomic parameters per volume of interest. Two models predicting cohort membership, a random forest classifier (RFC) and a gradient boosted trees (XGBoost) algorithm, were then trained on a training dataset containing the radiomic profiles of 25 patients from the low growth-rate cohort and 35 patients from the high growth-rate cohort. The models were then tested against the radiomic profiles of the 10 patients withheld from the training group. RESULTS: Following tuning of hyperparameters, both models were able to predict individual tumor membership in the low-growth-rate or high growth-rate cohorts with 100% accuracy. Area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) curve (AUC) was 1.0 for both models. CONCLUSION: Supervised machine learning techniques can predict growth-rate in VS based on radiomic parameters. External validation is warranted.
Development of solid state infrared emitters for gas detection applications (1981)

The gas industry needs low-cost portable instruments to measure the concentration of gases in air in order to monitor combustion efficiency, detect leaks, and prevent hazardous conditions. Detection of methane has already been demonstrated using infrared emitting diodes (IREDs) as the radiation source; current research extends this technique to the detection of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Researchers have successfully grown a ternary indium-arsenic-antimony semiconductor by a steady-state liquid-phase epitaxial method to be used as a radiation source. Layer compositions measured with the electron microprobe agree well with predictions based on the calculated phase diagram. Photoluminescence measurements at -320/sup 0/F (77 K) show a shift in emission wavelength that at 80/sup 0/F (300 K) will correspond to the 4.2-micrometer absorption maximum of carbon dioxide.
Reliable relay assisted wireless multicast using network coding (2009)

We first consider a topology consisting of one source, two destinations and one relay. For such a topology, it is shown that a network coding based cooperative (NCBC) multicast scheme can achieve a diversity order of two. In this paper, we discuss and analyze NCBC in a systematic way as well as compare its performance with two other multicast protocols. The throughput, delay and queue length for each protocol are evaluated. In addition, we present an optimal scheme to maximize throughput subject to delay and queue length constraints. Numerical results will demonstrate that network coding can bring significant gains in terms of throughput.
Electrowetting on gold electrodes with microscopic three-dimensional structures for microfluidic devices (2008)

To improve the performance of electrowetting-based microfluidic devices, we used micropillar structures to enhance the changes in the wettability of gold electrodes. The changes in the contact angle of a sessile drop were influenced by the diameter of the micropillars and interpillar distances. For a potential change between 0 V and −1.0 V, the change of the contact angle of the KCl sessile drop was 41° on a smooth electrode, but 88° on an electrode with micropillars with a 10 μm diameter. Furthermore, the existence of the micropillars accelerated the change of the contact angle. The gold electrodes with the micropillars were used to generate the capillary force to mobilize a liquid column in a microflow channel. Compared to a device with a smooth electrode, this device showed a fourfold increase in the flow velocity at −0.9 V. The electrodes were also used as a valve. The ability to stop an intruding solution and the switching speed was improved with the micropillar structure.
A phase I trial of immediate postoperative intraperitoneal floxuridine and leucovorin plus systemic 5-fluorouracil and levamisole after resection of high risk colon cancer (1994)

Immediate postoperative IP FUdR and LV are well tolerated after resection of high risk colon cancer. The recommended dose of intravenous FU beginning on Day 29 (concurrent with the last dose of IP therapy) is 5FU 200 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. The remaining year of adjuvant fluorouracil and levamisole can be administered with standard dose attenuation. Although follow-up is short, the lack of recurrent peritoneal metastases is encouraging. Additional trials with this approach are warranted in patients with high risk colorectal cancer.
Exploiting Nanomedicine for Cancer Polychemotherapy: Recent Advances and Clinical Applications (2023)

The most important limitations of chemotherapeutic agents are severe side effects and the development of multi-drug resistance. Recently, the clinical successes achieved with immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of several advanced-stage malignancies, but most patients do not respond and many of them develop immune-related adverse events. Loading synergistic combinations of different anti-tumor drugs in nanocarriers may enhance their efficacy and reduce life-threatening toxicities. Thereafter, nanomedicines may synergize with pharmacological, immunological, and physical combined treatments, and should be increasingly integrated in multimodal combination therapy regimens. The goal of this manuscript is to provide better understanding and key considerations for developing new combined nanomedicines and nanotheranostics. We will clarify the potential of combined nanomedicine strategies that are designed to target different steps of the cancer growth as well as its microenvironment and immunity interactions. Moreover, we will describe relevant experiments in animal models and discuss issues raised by translation in the human setting.
Interactions between Obesity Status and Dietary Intake of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Oils on Human Gut Microbiome Profiles in the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT) (2016)

Long-term dietary fatty acid intake is believed to induce changes in the human gut microbiome which might be associated with human health or obesity status; however, considerable debate remains regarding the most favorable ratios of fatty acids to optimize these processes. The objective of this sub-study of a double-blinded randomized crossover clinical study, the canola oil multi-center intervention trial, was to investigate effects of five different novel oil blends fed for 30 days each on the intestinal microbiota in 25 volunteers with risk of metabolic syndrome. The 60 g treatments included three MUFA-rich diets: (1) conventional canola oil (Canola); (2) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA); (3) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic); and two PUFA-rich diets: (4) a blend of corn/saﬄower oil (25:75) (CornSaff); and (5) a blend of flax/saﬄower oil (60:40) (FlaxSaff). Stool samples were collected at the end of each period. DNA was extracted and amplified for 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. A total of 17 phyla and 187 genera were identified. While five novel oil treatments failed to alter bacterial phyla composition, obese participants resulted in a higher proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes than overweight or normal weight groups (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Similarly at the genus level, overall bacterial distribution was highly associated with subjects' body mass index (BMI). Treatment effects were observed between MUFA- and PUFA-rich diets, with the three MUFA diets elevating <i>Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Turicibacter</i>, and Enterobacteriaceae's populations, while the two PUFA-rich diets favored the higher abundance of <i>Isobaculum</i>. High MUFA content feedings also resulted in an increase of <i>Parabacteroides</i> and a decrease of <i>Isobaculum</i> in obese, but not overweight subjects. Data suggest that BMI is a predominant factor in characterization of human gut microbiota profile, and that MUFA-rich and PUFA-rich diets impact the composition of gut microbiota at lower taxonomical levels mainly in obese subjects.
ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHOPPED GUINEA PIG LUNG (1961)

The anaphylactic release of histamine from perfused, chopped guinea pig lung is very sensitive to changes in the NaCl concentration of the containing medium, and it is ionic strength rather than particle concentration which is critical. Consequently, in studies with inhibitors care must be taken to avoid inadvertently increasing ionic strength and thereby misinterpreting the cause of the inhibition. Since immune hemolysis exhibits a similar sensitivity to changes in the NaCl concentration of the suspending medium, salicylaldoxime and phlorizin, which prevent the participation of the third component of complement in immune hemolysis, were investigated for their effect on the anaphylactic reaction. Salicylaldoxime is a potent inhibitor of in vitro anaphylaxis in guinea pig lung, but phlorizin is only a weak inhibitor. Potassium cyanide, 1 mM, inhibits the anaphylactic release of histamine most effectively if the duration of contact between the tissue and the cyanide prior to antigen addition is minimal; preincubation of the tissue with cyanide prior to antigen addition results in progressive diminution of inhibition even when there is only minimal loss of cyanide from the containing medium. The anaphylactic release of histamine from perfused whole lungs or suspensions of blood-free chopped lung is not prevented by the cytochrome oxidase inhibitor, carbon monoxide. In addition, 2-heptyl 4 hydroxyquinoline N oxide and malonic acid, which inhibit aerobic metabolism at different sites, do not prevent the reaction. These studies and those with cyanide indicate that the anaphylactic release of histamine in guinea pig lung is not dependent on cytochrome-mediated aerobic metabolism.
Geldanamycin Enhances Retrograde Transport of Shiga Toxin in HEp-2 Cells (2015)

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) has been shown to alter endosomal sorting, diverting cargo destined for the recycling pathway into the lysosomal pathway. Here we investigated whether GA also affects the sorting of cargo into the retrograde pathway from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. As a model cargo we used the bacterial toxin Shiga toxin, which exploits the retrograde pathway as an entry route to the cytosol. Indeed, GA treatment of HEp-2 cells strongly increased the Shiga toxin transport to the Golgi apparatus. The enhanced Golgi transport was not due to increased endocytic uptake of the toxin or perturbed recycling, suggesting that GA selectively enhances endosomal sorting into the retrograde pathway. Moreover, GA activated p38 and both inhibitors of p38 or its substrate MK2 partially counteracted the GA-induced increase in Shiga toxin transport. Thus, our data suggest that GA-induced p38 and MK2 activation participate in the increased Shiga toxin transport to the Golgi apparatus.
Patient Self-Reports Three Months After Sustaining a Major Burn (1987)

As survival rates of patients with major burns increase, it is becoming more important to study the course and quality of their recovery. Few studies of the recovery of these patients exist that use a prospective design and standardized measures. This paper describes a preliminary study of the self-reported health of patients three months after sustaining a major burn. An initial analysis was conducted on selected data gathered from 29 patients as part of a more comprehensive, prospective study of burn rehabilitation outcome. Measurements analyzed included the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), the Health-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HLC), and the total body surface area burned (TBSA). Findings showed that TBSA was related to the degree to which patients perceived they had control over their health, but few correlations were found between TBSA, and HLC scale, and the SIP scale. On the SIP, most patients reported few or no problems, but a significant minority reported major problems in one or more areas of their lives. The problems that were reported tended to cluster in the areas of vocation and emotional adjustment. These results suggest that patients with major burns should not be considered a homogeneous group with respect to rehabilitation outcome.
The Role of Nuclear Motion in the Photo-Double Ionization of Molecular Hydrogen (2007)

Author(s): Horner, Daniel A.; Vanroose, Wim; Rescigno, Thomas N.; Martin, Fernando; McCurdy, C. William
Preparation of Porous Titania Sol−Gel Matrix for Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by a Vapor Deposition Method (2002)

A new and facile vapor deposition method has been developed for the preparation of sol-gel matrix. This method was used to form a titania sol-gel thin film and to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a glassy carbon electrode surface for the production of an amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor. This process prevented the cracking of conventional sol-gel-derived glasses. The morphologies of both titania sol-gel and the enzyme membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and proved to be chemically clean, porous, and homogeneous and to have a very narrow particle size distribution. The sol-gel-derived titania-modified electrode retained the enzyme bioactivity and provided for long-term stability of the enzyme in storage. In the presence of catechol as a mediator, the sensor exhibited a rapid electrocatalytic response (less than 5 s), a linear calibration range from 0.08 to 0.56 mM with a detection limit of 1.5 microM and a high sensitivity (61.5 microA mM(-1)) for monitoring of H2O2. Effects of pH and operating potential were also explored for optimum analytical performance by using the amperometric method. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of the encapsulated HRP was 1.89 +/- 0.21 mM.
Erythritol, a New Raw Material for Food and Non‐food Applications (1993)

Abstract In response to an increasing demand from consumers for healthier and calorie controlled foods, Cerestar has developed a new food ingredient, erythritol. Erythritol can be produced from starch by a full biotechnological process, combining enzymatic and fermentative conversions. The use of an osmophilic yeast allows the fermentation step to be performed at high dry substance, giving an economic advantage. An extremely pure end product is then easily obtained by final crystallisation. Erythritol is structurally a polyol and shares the health properties of other polyols such as being toothfriendly and safe for diabetics. However, it offers in addition two very important nutritional advantages: a lower calorific value (0.3 Kcal/g) and a good tolerance. This is due to its low molecular weight, which allows erythritol to be rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, with subsequent excretion in the urine. Fermentation in the colon is therefore excluded and any resulting gastro‐intestinal discomfort avoided. The combination of these properties makes erythritol a unique low calorie bulk sweetener. From a functionality point of view, erythritol is a moderately sweet bulking agent with a cooling taste: workability is similar to other polyols. It has a taste profile close to that of sucrose and may therefore improve the taste quality of a blend with intense sweeteners. Its low solubility and ease of crystallisation, make erythritol very suitable for applications which require a crystalline sweetener, such as chocolate. Other potential application areas are bakery, table‐top and confectionery. Presently erythritol is under evaluation to establish beyond any doubt its safety and to obtain food approval as a new, low calorie, bulk sweetener. Potential non‐food applications of erythritol are in polymers, fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Integrated Microalgae Analysis Photobioreactor for Rapid Strain Selection (2016)

Algal photosynthesis is considered to be a sustainable, alternative, and renewable solution to generating green energy. For high-productivity algaculture in diverse local environments, a high-throughput screening method is needed to select algal strains from naturally available or genetically engineered strains. Herein, we present an integrated plasmonic photobioreactor for rapid, high-throughput screening of microalgae. Our 3D nanoplasmonic optical cavity-based photobioreactor permits the amplification of a selective wavelength favorable to photosynthesis in the cavity. The hemispheric plasmonic cavity allows intercellular interaction to be promoted in the optically favorable milieu and also permits effective visual examination of algal growth. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we demonstrated a 2-fold enhanced growth rate and a 1.5-fold lipid production rate with no distinctive lag phase. By facilitating growth and biomass conversion rates, the integrated microalgae analysis platform will serve as rapid microalgae screening platforms for biofuel applications.