gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co2(CO)6-induced deformation of alkynes as a reversible modulator of supramolecular interactions: controlling the synthesis of catenanes (1998)

Complexation of Co2(CO)6 clusters to the alkyne bonds of a hybrid crown macrocycle alters the dimensions of the macrocyclic cavity such that inclusion complexation and catenane formation by catalytic ring closing metathesis is prevented; since removal of the Co2(CO)6 ‘protecting group’ is readily achieved, this procedure provides a general method for modulation of supramolecular interactions.
Fimbriae and Disease (2020)

This chapter illustrates the role of fimbriae in disease with two model systems: K88-positive Escherichia coli which cause neonatal diarrhea in piglets and P-fimbriated E. coli which cause urinary tract infections (UTI). The protective potential of adhesion inhibition was first realized by Freter. The antibodies elicited by V. cholera vaccination protected by intenupting the adhesion. This focused the interest on the anti-adhesive effects of mucosal antibodies. P-fimbriated E. coli cause symptomatic infections by mechanisms other than P fimbriae-negative strains. The secretor state influences the derivatization of epithelial glycoconjugates with the A, B, and H blood group determinants. The prevalence theory suggested that the quantitatively dominating strain in the large intestine has an increased chance of causing UTI. These two theories may be reconciled if the bacterial properties that promote large intestinal colonization also increase the ability of E. coli to reach and persist in the urinary tract.
초음파검사상 난소암이 의심되었던 환자에서 색 도플러 초음파검사와 혈청 CA-125의 유용성 (1998)

1994년 6월부터 1996년 5월까지 2년 동안 본원에 내원하여 난소암 의심하에 수술받은 후 조직학적으로 난소 종양이 확진된 42예를 대상으로 수술 전 초음파를 이용한 형태학적 scoring system에 의한 점수와 색 도플러 초음파검사를 이용한 RI치, 혈청 CA125치를 사용하여 난소암 진단에 있어서의 유용성을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양성 종양군과 악성 종양군에서의 나이, 폐경 유무, 출산력에서 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. 2. 두 군간에 있어 검사치의 평균값을 비교하였을 때 RI, PI, Psv치 에서는 두 군간에 있어 유의한 차 이를 보이지 않았으나 형태학적 scoring system을 이 용한 점수(P＝0.001)와 혈청 CA-125치(P＝0.035)는 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 형태학적 scoring system을 이용하였을 때의 민 감도는 86.2%, 특이도 84.6%, 양성 예측률 92.6%, 음 성 예측률 73.3%으로 단독 검사로는 가장 유용한 검 사로 나왔다. 4. 형태학적 scoring system과 혈청 CA-125 검사를 동시에 이용하였을 때, 또는 색 도플러 초음파검사 와 혈청 CA-125 검사를 동시에 이용하였을 때의 양 성 예측률, 특이도는 각각 100%였다. 이상의 결과 형태학적 scoring system이 난소암을 예측하는데 기본적인 검사로 생각되며, 형태학적 scoring system에 혈청 CA-125 검사와 색 도플러 초 음파검사를 함께 이용시 난소암 예측에 좀더 정확성 을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
A Novel Urban Emergency Path Planning Method Based on Vector Grid Map (2020)

When an emergency occurs in the city, a large area of road congestion usually occurs. Therefore, it is particularly important to provide an effective emergency path planning strategy for vehicles. However, existing emergency path planning methods do not take into account the connectivity characteristics of the road network and commuting capacity. For this purpose, a Grid Map Emergency Path Planning (GMEPP) framework based on a novel model Grid Road Network (GRN) is designed in this paper. First, the road network data is divided into grids under equal spacing bands, and the roads data divided into different grids and use the commuting capacity of each road as the weight of each edge in the grid. Then a Grid PageRank (GPR) algorithm will be introduced, the output value of this methodology is calculated based on the capacity and number of connected edges of all vertices pointed by the external grid in each grid. The higher value of the grid will be recommended to users first when the path is planning. According to the GRN model, an improved Bidirectional Dijkstra will be applied to query the shortest path between two points, which is called Gird Bidirectional Dijkstra (GBD). At last, GMEPP uses Reverse Contraction Hierarchies (RCH) and Multiple Reverse Contraction Hierarchies (MRCH) originality methodologies based on intersection type to speed up the query algorithm GBD. To compare the efficiency of the proposed method, this paper conducted extensive experiments to verify. The results of the test showed that the Gird Bidirectional Dijkstra Multiple Reverse Contraction Hierarchies (GBD-MRCH) is better than other methods in different grid distributions.
Expression of Calbindin-D Decreases with Age in Intestine and Kidney* (1989)

The calbindins are Ca-binding proteins whose expression is regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D3. The calbindins are found in high amounts in the proximal intestine (calbindin-D-9k) and the kidney (calbindin-D-28k), and they are thought to play a role in Ca transport by these tissues. Ca absorption by the intestine and perhaps the kidney declines with age, and this could be due to decreased expression of calbindin. Therefore, the expression of calbindins-D-9k and -D-28k was measured in F344 rats aged 2, 6, 13, and 24 months. mRNA levels were measured by dot blot hybridization to synthetic cDNA oligonucleotide probes, and protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific antisera. Intestinal calbindin-D-9k mRNA decreased markedly between 2 and 6 months of age, but it then increased significantly between 13 and 24 months. Calbindin-D-9k protein paralleled the decrease in mRNA between 2 and 6 months, but continued to decline at 13 and 24 months despite the rise in mRNA. In the kidney, calbindin-D-28k mRNA declined between 2 and 13 months and then plateaued. Calbindin-D-28k protein followed a similar pattern. In the same studies expression of calmodulin by the intestine and kidney did not change with age. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 correlated well with the expression of calbindin-D-9k in the intestine at 2 and 6 months of age and with the expression of calbindin-D-28k in the kidney at all ages. Decreased expression of calbindin-D with age may contribute to the age-related decrease in Ca transport in intestine and kidney.
P4‐012: Structural basis of immunotherapies targeting the beta‐amyloid peptide (2012)

Large scale clinical trials of anti-amyloid-β immunotherapies to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease are under way. The results of those clinical trials will be reported in the next year or so and will inform on the strategy of targeting amyloid-β clearance in patients sufficiently affected by dementia to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. To help interpret the results of those clinical trials and to aid the design of future immunotherapuetic strategies to treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease, we have examined the structural basis of antibody recognition of amyloid-β. We have recombinantly expressed human and humanized antibodies which recognize different linear and conformational epitopes presented by the amyloid-β peptide. We have crystallized a series of anti-amyloid-β antibody fragments and determined their 3D structures by X-ray protein crystallography. Here we present the structure of an anti-amyloid-β antibody with specificity for the C-terminus of the amyloid-β (1-40) peptide and examine its mechanism for engaging this hydrophobic epitope. This anti-amyloid-β antibody engages the amyloid-β (1-40) peptide as a monomer at the C-terminus and interacts with the terminal carboxyl moeity. The hydrophobic epitope (35-MVGGVV-40) is only available in freshly denatured and dissolved peptide, and the antibody does not recognize aggregated amyloid-β or aged (in vitro) amyloid-β (1-40) peptide as determined by Western Blot analysis. Our results suggest that if immunotherapies targeting this epitope are shown to reduce amyloid plaque burden in vivo, they likely act via a sink mechanism.
Biological and Physicochemical Characterization of a Serum-and Xeno-Free Chemically Defined Cryopreservation Procedure for Adult Human Progenitor Cells (2011)

While therapeutic cell transplantations using progenitor cells are increasingly evolving towards phase I and II clinical trials and chemically defined cell culture is established, standardization in biobanking is still in the stage of infancy. In this study, the EU FP6-funded CRYSTAL (CRYo-banking of Stem cells for human Therapeutic AppLication) consortium aimed to validate novel Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to perform and validate xeno-free and chemically defined cryopreservation of human progenitor cells and to reduce the amount of the potentially toxic cryoprotectant additive (CPA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To achieve this goal, three human adult progenitor and stem cell populations-umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived erythroid cells (UCB-ECs), UCB-derived endothelial colony forming cells (UCB-ECFCs), and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs)-were cryopreserved in chemically defined medium supplemented with 10% or 5% DMSO. Cell recovery, cell repopulation, and functionality were evaluated postthaw in comparison to cryopreservation in standard fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing freezing medium. Even with a reduction of the DMSO CPA to 5%, postthaw cell count and viability assays indicated no overall significant difference versus standard cryomedium. Additionally, to compare cellular morphology/membrane integrity and ice crystal formation during cryopreservation, multiphoton laser-scanning cryomicroscopy (cryo-MPLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Neither cryo-MPLSM nor SEM indicated differences in membrane integrity for the tested cell populations under various conditions. Moreover, no influence was observed on functional properties of the cells following cryopreservation in chemically defined freezing medium, except for UCB-ECs, which showed a significantly reduced differentiation capacity after cryopreservation in chemically defined medium supplemented with 5% DMSO. In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of standardized xeno-free cryopreservation of different human progenitor cells and encourage their use even more in the field of tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine.
Chaotic, nonstrange attractors in the presence of external, random noise (1987)

A method which enables one to estimate the level of noise from experimental time series in dissipative dynamical systems is introduced. It appears to be much faster than those in which a calculation of both the correlation integral and the dimension is needed. The proposed method should be especially useful for high-dimensional systems.
Cheap, Suitable, Predictable and Manageable Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Quantum Dots (2013)

Recently ZnO quantum dots are reported to be very promising for drug delivery. It has also been reported that adsorptive material can deliver drug molecules by simple adsorption and they release the drug at site of action by subsequent desorption. This has been shown for carbon nanotubes and some other hydrophobic molecules for transdermal applications in the literature. Therefore it was aimed to find the effect of ZnO quantum dots on transdermal penetrations of selected model drug molecules (ketoprofen and dexketoperofen). Drug coated ZnO quantum dots were found to increase transdermal penetration of ketoprofen and dexketoprofen through rat skin.
Effect of temperature variation on performance of optical phase conjugation (2005)

We investigated the effect of temperature variation on the performance of fiber-based optical phase conjugation (OPC). The efficiency and bandwidth of OPC were degraded significantly by temperature variation due to the shift of zero-dispersion wavelength.
Organische Chemie 1996 (1997)

Abstract Metallorganische Synthese und Übergangsmetallkatalyse bleiben Schwerpunkte der organischen Chemie. Die kombinatorische Chemie erlangt über die Wirkstoffindung hinaus Bedeutung z.B. auch für die Materialwissenschaften und die Katalyse. Von der medizinischen Chemie werden immer mehr drug targets therapeutisch erschlossen, wobei auf absehbare Zeit niedermolekulare Wirkstoffe dominieren dürften.
Zum Lactoseabbau im Darm intakter Ratten unter Frauenmilch‐ und Kuhmilch‐Nahrung (1984)

Female lactose adapted rats were kept for 10 days on human milk (HM), a milk diet adapted to human milk (MD1), and a milk diet rich in protein and phosphate (MD2), the lactose supply being always the same. In the caecum, colon and faeces, the pH value, the phosphorus content, the buffer capacity and the numbers of microorganisms with proteolytic activity (Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Proteus) were lower and the lactose concentration and the beta-galactosidase activity were higher on HM and MD1 than on MD2.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Lysosomal Destabilization: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2012)

NLRP3 upregulation occurs in the RPE during the pathogenesis of advanced AMD, in both geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD. Destabilization of RPE lysosomes induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may contribute to AMD pathology through the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and through caspase-1-mediated cell death, known as "pyroptosis."
Angle-gather time migration a (1999)

Angle-gather migration creates seismic images for different reflection angles at the reflector. We formulate an angle-gather time migration algorithm and study its properties. The algorithm serves as an educational introduction to the angle gather concept. It also looks attractive as a practical alternative to conventional common-offset time migration both for velocity analysis and for AVO/AVA analysis.
A graph-traversal approach to identify influential nodes in a network (2021)

Influential node identification plays a significant role in understanding network structure and functions. Here we propose a general method for detecting influential nodes in a graph-traversal framework. We evaluate the influence of each node by constructing a breadth-first search (BFS) tree in which the target node is the root node. From the BFS tree, we generate a curve in which the x axis is the level number and the y axis is the cumulative scores of all nodes visited so far. We use the area under the curve value as the final influence score of the target node. Experimental results on various networks across different domains demonstrate that our method can be significantly superior to widely used centrality measures on the task of influential node detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Sulfur Tetrafluoride — An Example of a Diastereoselective Ring Opening. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced MB-OFDM UWB system with multiple transmit and receive antennas (2009)

In this paper, a multi-band space-frequency transmit selection (multi-band SFTS) scheme is proposed for MB-OFDM UWB systems to explore both transmit and receive diversity effectively through multiple transmit and receive antennas without violating the FCC power spectral density (PSD) constraint for UWB. This proposed technique is able to achieve diversity gain in both spatial and frequency domain through selective subcarriers allocation for each transmit antenna at each sub-band based on the channel state information (CSI) obtained from the feedback channels. Meanwhile it applies maximum ratio combining (MRC) to obtain array and diversity gain with multiple receive antennas. Moreover, pre-calibration technique is proposed for SFTS scheme to overcome the mismatch among multiple transmit/receive front-end RF chains. Our simulation result shows that this proposed multi-band SFTS scheme is able to extend the transmission range for UWB-MIMO system and enhance its link robustness over shadowing fading channel.
Efficient Training of Very Deep Neural Networks for Supervised Hashing (2016)

In this paper, we propose training very deep neural networks (DNNs) for supervised learning of hash codes. Existing methods in this context train relatively "shallow" networks limited by the issues arising in back propagation (e.g. vanishing gradients) as well as computational efficiency. We propose a novel and efficient training algorithm inspired by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) that overcomes some of these limitations. Our method decomposes the training process into independent layer-wise local updates through auxiliary variables. Empirically we observe that our training algorithm always converges and its computational complexity is linearly proportional to the number of edges in the networks. Empirically we manage to train DNNs with 64 hidden layers and 1024 nodes per layer for supervised hashing in about 3 hours using a single GPU. Our proposed very deep supervised hashing (VDSH) method significantly outperforms the state-of-theart on several benchmark datasets.
Diagnosis of Fluid Overload: From Conventional to Contemporary Concepts (2022)

Fluid overload has been associated with morbidity and mortality in various clinical scenarios including heart failure and critical illness. It exerts pathologic sequelae in almost all the organ systems. Proper management of patients with fluid overload requires knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology, objective evaluation of volume status, selection of appropriate therapeutic options, and maintenance and modulation of tissue perfusion. There are several methods to appraise volume status but none without limitations. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic utility, prognostic significance, and shortcomings of various bedside tools in the detection of fluid overload and evaluation of hemodynamic status. These include clinical examination, biomarkers, blood volume assessment, bioimpedance analysis, point-of-care ultrasound, and remote pulmonary pressure monitoring. In our opinion, clinicians must adopt a multiparametric approach offsetting the limitations of individual methods to formulate a management plan tailored to patients' needs.
Dependable Software Systems Engineering (2017)

We are all increasingly dependent on software systems to run the technology we use every day, so we need these systems to be both reliable and safe.This book presents papers from the NATO Advanced Study Institute Summer School Dependable Software Systems Engineering, held in Marktoberdorf, Germany, in July and August 2014. Lecturers were drawn from prestigious research groups representing both industry and academia, and the course was designed as an in-depth presentation and teaching of state-of-the-art scientific techniques and methods covering research and industrial practice as well as scientific principles.Topics covered included: syntax-guided synthesis; system behaviors and problem frames; dependable human-intensive systems; automatic alias analysis and frame inference; fault-based testing; and mechanized unifying theories of programming.Marktoberdorf is one of the most renowned international computer science summer schools, and this book, with its detailed overview of current research results and the discussion and development of new ideas will be of interest to all those whose work involves the engineering of dependable software systems.
The deposition of conjugated linoleic acids in eggs of laying hens fed diets varying in fat level and fatty acid profile (2001)

The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) into eggs and its effect on the fatty acid metabolism when layers are fed diets with different fat sources and fat levels. Layers were fed either a low fat diet (LF) or one of three high fat diets based on soybean oil (SB), animal fat (AF) or flaxseed oil (FSO). CLA was added at a concentration of 1 g/100 g feed from two different CLA premixes with a different CLA profile. For the trial, 144 laying hens were allocated to 12 treatments (4 basal fat sources x 3 CLA treatments) with 3 replicates of 4 hens each. No significant differences were observed in feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion or laying rate between chickens fed control and CLA-supplemented diets. Differences in yolk fat, cholesterol or yolk color were not clearly related to the dietary CLA. However, the supplementation of CLA to the diets had clear effects on the fatty acid composition, i.e., a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and an increase in saturated fatty acids (SFA) was observed, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content were essentially unaffected. The results suggest that CLA may influence the activity of the desaturases to a different extent in the synthesis of (n-6) and (n-3) long-chain fatty acids. These effects of CLA depend on the level of (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids available in the feed. The apparent deposition rate (%) is clearly higher for the c9, t11 isomer than for the t10, c12 isomer. Adding CLA to layers diets rich in (n-3) fatty acids produces eggs that could promote the health of the consumer in terms of a higher intake of (n-3) fatty acids and CLA.
Bilingual Lexicon Induction with Semi-supervision in Non-Isometric Embedding Spaces (2019)

Recent work on bilingual lexicon induction (BLI) has frequently depended either on aligned bilingual lexicons or on distribution matching, often with an assumption about the isometry of the two spaces. We propose a technique to quantitatively estimate this assumption of the isometry between two embedding spaces and empirically show that this assumption weakens as the languages in question become increasingly etymologically distant. We then propose Bilingual Lexicon Induction with Semi-Supervision (BLISS) --- a semi-supervised approach that relaxes the isometric assumption while leveraging both limited aligned bilingual lexicons and a larger set of unaligned word embeddings, as well as a novel hubness filtering technique. Our proposed method obtains state of the art results on 15 of 18 language pairs on the MUSE dataset, and does particularly well when the embedding spaces don't appear to be isometric. In addition, we also show that adding supervision stabilizes the learning procedure, and is effective even with minimal supervision.
Stabilization of the Scanning Pattern for Three-Dimensional Phase-Sensitive OCT Modalities: Angiography, Relaxography, and Monitoring of Slow Processes (2019)

New modalities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) are based not only on the analysis of light beam scattering by biological tissues, but also, to a greater extent, on the assessment of spatio-temporal changes in the speckle structure (both the amplitude and the speckle phase).
Object-Based Crop Classification with Landsat-MODIS Enhanced Time-Series Data (2015)

Cropland mapping via remote sensing can provide crucial information for agri-ecological studies. Time series of remote sensing imagery is particularly useful for agricultural land classification. This study investigated the synergistic use of feature selection, Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) segmentation and decision tree classification for cropland mapping using a finer temporal-resolution Landsat-MODIS Enhanced time series in 2007. The enhanced time series extracted 26 layers of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and five NDVI Time Series Indices (TSI) in a subset of agricultural land of Southwest Missouri. A feature selection procedure using the Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA) was performed, and 10 optimal features were selected as input data for OBIA segmentation, with an optimal scale parameter obtained by quantification assessment of topological and geometric object differences. Using the segmented metrics in a decision tree classifier, an overall classification accuracy of 90.87% was achieved. Our study highlights the advantage of OBIA segmentation and classification in reducing noise from in-field heterogeneity and spectral variation. The crop classification map produced at 30 m resolution provides spatial distributions of annual and perennial crops, which are valuable for agricultural monitoring and environmental assessment studies.
Clinical Efficacy of Primary Tumor Volume Measurements: Comparison of Different Primary Sites (2009)

Primary tumor volume measurement is a reliable way to stratify outcome, and make up for the weak points in the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system with oropharynx cancer.