gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Privacy of Peer-Assisted Distribution of Security Patches (2010)

When a host discovers that it has a software vulnerability that is susceptible to an attack, the host needs to obtain and install a patch. Because centralized distribution of patches may not scale well, peer-to-peer (P2P) approaches have recently been suggested. There is, however, a serious privacy problem with peer-assisted patch distribution: when a peer A requests a patch from another peer B, it announces to B its vulnerability, which B can exploit instead of providing the patch. Through analytical modeling and simulation, we show that a large majority of vulnerable hosts will typically become compromised with a basic design for peer- assisted patch distribution. We then study the effectiveness of two different approaches in countering this privacy problem. The first approach utilizes special-purpose peer nodes, referred to as honeypots, that discover and blacklist malicious peers listening for patch requests from susceptible hosts. In the second approach, the patches are requested through an anonymizing network, hiding the identities of susceptible hosts from malicious peers. Using analytical models and simulation, we show that, honeypots do not completely solve the privacy problem; in contrast, an anonymizing network turns out to be more suitable for security patch distribution.
Efficient and inexpensive transient expression of multispecific multivalent antibodies in Expi293 cells (2017)

This protocol is the first describing transfection of the human Expi293 cells with PEI. It can be used to generate functional multi-specific antibodies in high amounts. The use of biological drugs, and in particular multispecific antibodies, is rapidly increasing, hence improved protocols such as the one presented here are highly valuable.
Handgrip Strength and Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients (2013)

Nutrition status evaluated by PG-SGA was still associated with HGS after considering the joint effect of other patient characteristics, which reinforces the value of HGS as an indicator of undernutrition.
Refining Genetically Designed Models for Improved Traffic Prediction on Rural Roads (2005)

Research into advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) for rural roads is limited. However, highway agencies expect to implement intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in both urban and rural areas. In this paper, genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to design both time delay neural network (TDNN) models as well as locally weighted regression (LWR) models to predict short-term traffic for two rural roads in Alberta, Canada. A top-down refinement was used to study the interactions between modeling techniques and underlying data sets for obtaining highly accurate models. It is found that LWR models achieve faster accuracy improvement than TDNN models over the refinement process. Compared with previous research, the models proposed here show higher accuracy. The average errors for the best LWR models obtained through the model-refining process are less than 2% in most cases. For refined TDNN models, the average errors are usually less than 6--7%. The resulting models indicate a level of high robustness over different types of roads, and thus may be considered desirable for real-world statewide ITS implementations.
Clinical studies on α1-acid glycoprotein glycosylation - with focus on fucose (2002)

Background: Changes in glycosylation of senun glycoproteins have been described in different pathologic conditions, and increased fucosylation has previously been reported in patients with liver disease. We analyzed serwn samples from patients admitted to hospital for detoxification of excessive alcohol consumption in order to study α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) fucosylation and its correlation to other biochemical markers of alcoholism and liver damage.Methods: We used a novel lectin innmmoassay to analyze AGP fucosylation (AGP-F) in a prospective study of 21 consecutive patients admitted for treatment at Linkoping University Hospital in the Southeast of Sweden. The results were compared with markers conunonly used for detecting alcoholism and liver cirrhosis, such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin, aminotransferase activity, including aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT), and with hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 16 of the 21 patients.Results: AGP-F was significantly higher in the male study patients than in normal controls. In addition, in these patients AGP-F correlated to the levels of AST/ALT-ratio and HA No correlation was found between AGP-F and steatosis of the liver, as indicated by ultrasonography, or between AGP-F and CDT.Conclusion: We conclude that AGP-F is increased in men with a high alcohol intake and correlates with AST/ALT ratio and HA, which previously have been found to be indictors of liver cirrhosis. AGP-F should be further evaluated as a potential early indicator ofliver cirrhosis in this patient category.
Equilibrium and structural studies of silicon(IV) and aluminium(III) in aqueous solution. Part 9. A potentiometric study of mono- and poly-nuclear aluminium(III) citrates (1983)

Complexation in the Al3+–H3L–OH– system (H3L = citric acid) has been studied within the limits 2 ⩽–log [H+]⩽ 8, 0.000 25 ⩽B⩽ 0.016 mol dm–3, and 0.000 25 ⩽C⩽ 0.016 mol dm–3 with C: B ratios equal to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 (B and C represent the total concentrations of Al3+ and citric acid respectively). The measurements were performed as potentiometric (glass electrode) titrations in 0.6 mol dm–3 NaCl at 25 °C. Data are explained with the mononuclear species [Al(HL)]+, [AlL], and [AlL2]3– together with a very stable trinuclear complex [Al3(OH)4L3]4–. Equilibrium constants including acidity constants of H3L have been obtained. Data were analyzed using the least-squares computer program LETAGROPVRID. To demonstrate the complexing ability of citrate ions to AlIII in natural waters, the solubility of a clay mineral (kaolinite) was calculated within the range 4 ⩽ pH ⩽ 9.
PMT-Gesetz: Verfahren und Zweckerreichung (2021)

Nach Darlegungen, dass keine verfassungsmässige Bundeskompetenz zum Erlass des Gesetzes in Bezug auf das BWIS besteht und wesentliche Begriffe im ergänzten BWIS mit der BV und der EMRK nicht übereinstimmen, wird nun gezeigt, dass verfahrensrechtlich ein Durcheinander besteht und unverzichtbare Verfahrensvorschriften fehlen, was beides zu unhaltbaren rechtlichen Konsequenzen führt. Schliessich wird belegt, dass die festgelegten Massnahmen einen terroristischen Anschlag nicht zu verhindern vermögen, was der Zweck der Novelle ist.&#x0D; --&#x0D; Après avoir démontré que la Confédération ne dispose pas de la compétence constitutionnelle nécessaire pour mettre en œuvre les mesures de police et de sécurité édictées dans la LMSI, et que certains termes essentiels de la loi modifiée ne sont conformes ni à la Cst. ni à la CEDH, l’auteur explique qu’une certaine confusion subsiste encore sur le plan procédural. De plus, plusieurs dispositions indispensables font défaut entraînant ainsi des conséquences juridiques insoutenables. En outre, l’auteur soutient que ces mesures ne permettent pas de prévenir efficacement une attaque terroriste, ce qui constitue pourtant le but principal de la LMSI.
PfNT2, a Permease of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter Family in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Plasmodium falciparum (2010)

The survival and proliferation of the obligate intracellular malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum require salvage of essential purines from the host. Genetic studies have previously shown that the parasite plasma membrane purine permease, PfNT1, plays an essential function in the transport of all naturally occurring purine nucleosides and nucleobases across the parasite plasma membrane. Here, we describe an intracellular permease, PfNT2. PfNT2 is, like PfNT1, a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopic analyses of transgenic parasites harboring green fluorescent protein- or hemagglutinin-tagged PfNT2 demonstrated endoplasmic reticulum localization. This localization was confirmed by colocalization with the endoplasmic reticulum marker PfBiP. Using yeast as a surrogate system, we show that targeting PfNT2 to the plasma membrane of fui1Delta cells lacking the plasma membrane nucleoside transporter Fui1 confers sensitivity to the toxic nucleoside analog 5-fluorouridine. This study provides the first evidence of an intracellular purine permease in apicomplexan parasites and suggests a novel biological function for the parasite endoplasmic reticulum during malaria infection.
Cytochrome P450 1B1 Is Required for 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) Induced Spleen Cell Immunotoxicity (2005)

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a potent carcinogen that induces immunosuppression of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice and other species. Previous studies have shown that CYP1B1 is required for bone marrow toxicity produced by DMBA in mice. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to determine whether CYP1B1 was required for spleen cell immunotoxicity. Female C57BL/6N wild-type (WT) and CYP1B1 knockout (-/-) mice were treated with 0, 17, 50, or 150 mg/kg (cumulative dose) DMBA in corn oil by oral gavage once a day for five days. Several immunotoxicological assays were used to assess the effects of DMBA on systemic immunity. These included the in vitro T-dependent antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) measured using a direct plaque forming cell (PFC) assay, T- and B-cell mitogenesis induced by Con A and LPS, and nonspecific cell-mediated immunity was evaluated using an NK cytotoxicity assay. In addition, lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry using specific cell surface markers. Following five days of DMBA treatment, the body weights and spleen cell surface markers of the WT and CYP1B1 (-/-) mice showed no significant changes. A decrease in NK activity was found at the 50 mg/kg DMBA dose in WT mice, but not in the CYP1B1 (-/-) mice. Interestingly, at the 150 mg/kg dose of DMBA, CYP1B1 null mice had decreased NK activity, whereas WT mice did not. The SRBC PFC response demonstrated that the IgM antibody response was suppressed by DMBA in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner (significant at 50 and 150 mg/kg). However, there were no changes in the SRBC PFC responses in any DMBA test group in the CYP1B1 (-/-) mice. Similarly, while DMBA suppressed B- and T-cell mitogenesis at the 50 and 150 mg/kg dose levels in C57BL/6N WT mice, no effect was seen in CYP1B1 (-/-) mice. Thus, CYP1B1 appears to be critical for the immunosuppression of DMBA in mice, suggesting a role for bioreactive metabolites in the spleen cell immunotoxicity produced by DMBA.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Chemistry. Part 11. The 1:2 Addition of Alkyl Phosphites to 3‐Methylenoxindoles. A New Type of Attack by Tervalent Phosphite Esters on α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of the oxindoles (I) with the trialkyl phosphites (II) produces the adducts (III) and (IV) with predominance of the former.
Effect of Porphyrins on the Hematopoietic Recovery of Mice Treated with γ-Radiation (1994)

Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds involved in a wide spectrum of fundamental biological processes. Non-metallic, naturally occurring and synthetic porphyrin derivatives may produce cytotoxic effects in malignant or normal tissues exposed to visible light. Supra-clinical doses of the photosensitizing porphyrin, Photofrin are hematostimulatory when administered to normal and immunosuppressed inbred mice. To determine if a non-photosensitizing metalloporphyrin has similar hematostimulatory activity, we have synthesized iron (III) hematoporphyrin chloride (FeHp) and administered it to sub-lethally irradiated mice. FeHp (10 mg/kg) given 1 and 4 days or 1, 4 and 7 days following sub-lethal (7 Gy) whole body irradiation significantly increased spleen colony forming units of progenitor cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage (CFU-GM) 14 days post-irradiation, relative to irradiated controls. In addition, total splenocyte numbers were significantly increased 17 days post-irradiation in mice that had received FeHp 1 and 4 days post-irradiation. When FeHp was given 24 hours prior to irradiation and again 48 hours or 48 and 96 hours post-irradiation, significant increases in splenic CFU-GM and spleen cell numbers, relative to control mice, were observed 15 days post-irradiation. A non-metallic photosensitizing monomeric fraction of Photofrin, deuteroporphyrin IX, 2,4 (4,2) hydroxyethyl vinyl (HVD) was compared to Photofrin for its ability to influence the hematopoietic recovery of irradiated mice. Only Photofrin but not HVD given in 3 doses (10 mg/kg) 1, 4 and 7 days following irradiation (4.8 Gy) significantly enhanced the recovery of spleen cellularity and splenic CFU-GM. In addition, Photofrin significantly increased bone marrow CFU-GM 7 and 10 days following the sub-lethal dose of gamma-radiation. The mechanism by which certain porphyrins augment hematopoiesis in the mouse is unknown. However, the identification of FeHp as a non-photosensitizing monomeric porphyrin with hematostimulatory activity in vivo, indicates that further study of metalloporphyrins is warranted and may reveal their clinical potential within the context of therapeutically-induced immunosuppression.
Oligonucleotide transformation for the study of mutagenic specificities of DNA lesions in yeast (2007)

We developed a method for the analyzing mutagenic potential of DNA damage based on the oligonucleotide transformation technique in yeast. Using this assay we have analyzed mutagenic specificities of various DNA lesions. In the present study, we analyzed the mutagenic properties of 2-hydroxyadenine and 5-hydroxycytosine in yeast. Oligonucleotides containing 2-hydroxyadenine or 5-hydroxycytosine were used for the transformation. The oligonucleotides showed transforming activities similar to unmodified oligonucleotides. This indicates that no repair systems were working on them. The sequencing data of the transformants showed that 5-hydroxycytosine and 2-hydroxyadenine are read mainly as cytosine and adenine. We will also discuss the mechanism of oligonucleotide transformation and its application to the mutagenesis study.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose was no more effective but more expensive than urine testing for improving glycemic control in NIDDM (1991)

Source Citation Allen BT, DeLohng ER, Feussner JR. Impact of glucose self-monitoring on non-insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Randomized controlled trial comparing blood and urine testing. Diabetes Care. 1990;13:1044-50.
Myokines in skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism: Recent advances and future perspectives (2019)

Myokines are molecules produced and secreted by skeletal muscle to act in an auto-, para- and endocrine manner to alter physiological function of target tissues. The growing number of effects of myokines on metabolism of distant tissues provides a compelling case for crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs to regulate metabolic homoeostasis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the impact on metabolism of several canonical and recently identified myokines. We focus specifically on myostatin, β-aminoisobutyric acid, interleukin-15, meteorin-like and myonectin, and discuss how these myokines are induced and regulated as well as their overall function. We also review how these myokines may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers that reflect whole-body metabolism and how they may be attractive therapeutic targets for treating muscle and metabolic diseases.
Regulation of Murine Interferon Regulatory Factor Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System Determined by Multiprobe RNase Protection Assay (2005)

Despite a key role in the regulation of interferon (IFN) gene expression and in mediating many downstream actions of the IFNs, the regulation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) gene expression in the normal and pathological central nervous system and, indeed, other tissues, is poorly defined. We sought to examine the expression and regulation of the IRF genes in a number of different murine models for immune- or virally induced central nervous system disease. Here, we describe the development of a multiprobe RNase protection assay that permits the simultaneous detection and quantification of IRF ribonucleic acid transcripts for multiple family members in murine cells and tissues.
Objective responses in a phase I dose-escalation study of SGN-35, a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD30, in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (2008)

8526 Background: CD30 expression by Reed-Sternberg cells is a defining feature of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The ADC SGN-35 comprises an anti-CD30 antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). SGN-35 mechanism of action involves binding to CD30 on the tumor cell surface, ADC internalization, MMAE release and binding to tubulin, prompting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Methods: A multicenter phase I dose escalation study was conducted in patients with refractory or recurrent CD30-positive hematologic malignancies. Twenty-nine patients (pts) were enrolled; 26 with HL, 3 with other CD30+ malignancies. Median age was 32 (range 22–87) and pts received a median of 5 prior therapies; 76% previously received an autologous stem cell transplant. Most (89%) pts had an ECOG performance status of 0/1. SGN-35 dose levels were 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.7 mg/kg (2-hr outpatient IV infusion, premedications not required) every 3 weeks (wks). Pts with stable disease or better after 2 doses were eligible to receive additional doses of SGN-35. Results: All pts were evaluable for safety, 28 pts were evaluable for response. Dose-limiting toxicity was not defined and 1 infusion-related reaction was observed. One pt (0.1 mg/kg) experienced G3 hypercalcemia and 1 pt (1.8 mg/kg) had G4 thrombocytopenia (both reversible and possibly related). One pt (0.4 mg/kg) experienced a possibly related myocardial infarction that resolved without sequalae. The most common related adverse events were G1/2 fatigue, diarrhea and cough. Pharmacokinetic data indicate exposure (AUC) to SGN-35 increased relative to dose level, with no accumulation after repeated dosing. Best response: partial remission (n=9), stable disease (n=11), and progressive disease (n=8). At dose levels of ≥1.2 mg/kg, 7 of 13 pts (54%) achieved PR and remain on therapy at 11+ to 25+ wks; tumor reductions occurred in 11 of 13 pts. Enrollment continues at 2.7 mg/kg. Conclusions: SGN-35, a novel ADC targeting CD30, was generally well tolerated at doses up to 2.7 mg/kg, and induced multiple objective responses in heavily pretreated pts. These encouraging results indicate SGN-35 should be further evaluated in phase II studies for pts with HL. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Seattle Genetics, Inc Seattle Genetics, Inc Seattle Genetics, Inc
Neonatal toxoplasmosis in littermate cats (1993)

Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed histologically in 9 kittens and 1 queen from 5 liters. In litter 1, four 3-month-old Siamese kittens and the queen were affected. The queen died of generalized toxoplasmosis, and her kittens died or were euthanatized 20, 22, or 28 days later. In litter 2, two of 3 Abyssinian 4- and 4.5-month-old kittens died of toxoplasmosis. In litter 3, an Abyssinian, delivered by cesarean section, became ill 17 days after delivery, and died 2 days later because of toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia. In litter 4, three kittens, approximately 1 month old, were shedding Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts, and the organism was identified histologically in tissues of 1 of them. In litter 5, one 3-week-old kitten out of 4 became ill. Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts were found in feces and T gondii organisms were found in histologic sections of tissues.
Succinic Acid and Succinic Anhydride (2006)

Abstract Succinic acid and succinic anhydride occur frequently in nature. Their chemical behavior is characterized by the reactivity of the two carboxylic functions, ie, hydration/dehydration, esterification, hydrogenation, acylation, and reactions with nitrogen and sulfur compounds, as well as of the two methylene groups, ie, oxidation, halogenation, and condensation with aldehydes and ketones. Succinic anhydride is manufactured by liquid‐phase catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride; succinic acid by hydration of the anhydride. The acid is also obtained as a by‐product in the manufacture of adipic acid. Uses include bath preparations, detergents, cosmetics, pigments, fluxes for soldering, and reagents for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products. An important emerging use is the production of inherently degradable polymers. Succinic acid is an approved food additive having FDA generally‐recognized‐as‐safe status. Both the acid and the anhydride are irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Self-Powered Sensors (2023)

Sensor networks (SNs) are a significant technological and economic system for worldwide industries and find applications in personal electronics, healthcare, defense technology, monitoring the environment and infrastructure, and many more. One of the issues accompanying with small size and portability of sensors is the power source. With growing trends of electronic gadgets in a smaller size, lighter weight, and easy to carry, a maintainable power-providing alternative is required for the forthcoming intelligent world, where conventional batteries have a finite lifespan, environmental concerns, and frequent restoration. Several technologies like solar, thermal, mechanical, and chemical energy harvesting are emerging methodologies integrated with several sensors for performing continuously. An innovative generation of self-powered sensors (SPSs) based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has recently established its identity by linking the gap between energy harvesting and the energy essential for storage, sensing, communication, and computation. Thus, SPSs are being progressively used and created as capable solutions to conventional WSNs. In this chapter, we methodically summarize the evolution made by the SPSs in various fields of application, discuss perspectives, and finally, a futuristic approach to this technology.