gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Compositions of Functions Using Proximity Algorithms with Application in Image Deblurring (2016)

We consider minimization of functions that are compositions of functions having closed-form proximity operators with linear transforms. A wide range of image processing problems including image deblurring can be formulated in this way. We develop proximity algorithms based on the fixed point characterization of the solution to the minimization problems . We further refine the proposed algorithms when the outer functions of the composed objective functions are separable. The convergence analysis of the developed algorithms is established. Numerical experiments in comparison with the well-known Chambolle-Pock algorithm and Zhang-Burger-Osher scheme for image deblurring are given to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are efficient and robust.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Optically Pure ω‐Hydroxymethyl Lactams. (1990)

Abstract The optically active diethyl aminodicarboxylates (III) undergo stereoselective ring closure upon thermolysis to form the chiral lactam esters (IV).
Fatal morphine poisoning in the breastfed neonate of a mother prescribed codeine (2007)

QUESTION Recently a newborn died from morphine poisoning when his mother used codeine while breastfeeding. Many patients receive codeine for postlabour pain. Is it safe to prescribe codeine for nursing mothers? ANSWER When a mother is an ultrarapid metabolizer of cytochrome P450 2D6, she produces much more morphine when taking codeine than most people do. In this situation, newborns might be exposed to toxic levels of morphine when breastfeeding. Options to reduce this risk include discontinuing codeine after 2 to 3 days of use and being aware of symptoms of potential opioid toxicity in both mothers and newborns.
Receptor Gene Cluster: Tuning the Genome for Defense ∗ (2006)

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are molecules ex- pressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, which play an important role in innate immunity. KIR recognition of major histo- compatability complex (MHC) class I allotypes represents one com- ponent of the complex interactions between NK cells and their tar- gets in determining NK cell reactivity. KIRs are encoded by a gene cluster at human chromosome 19q13.4. Despite their high degree of sequence identity, KIR genes encode proteins that have diverse recognition patterns (specific HLA class I allotypes) and confer op- posing signals (activating or inhibitory) to the NK cell. The KIR gene cluster is highly polymorphic, with individual genes exhibiting allelic variability and individual haplotypes differing in gene content. The polymorphism of the KIR locus parallels that of the MHC, facilitat- ing the adaptation of the immune system to a dynamic, challenging environment. This variation is associated with a growing number of human diseases, which is likely to extend to levels observed for the HLA loci. Here we review current progress in understanding KIR biology and genetics.
Analyse FDTD d'antennes lentilles de taille réduite - influence des réflexions internes sur les performances en impédance et en rayonnement (2004)

National audience
Quasi-monochromatic polycapillary imaging utilizing a computed radiography system (2004)

A fundamental study on quasi-monochromatic parallel radiography using a polycapillary plate and a copper-target x-ray tube is described. The x-ray generator consists of a negative high-voltage power supply, a filament (hot cathode) power supply, and an x-ray tube. The negative high-voltage is applied to the cathode electrode, and the anode electrode is connected to the ground. In this experiment, the tube voltage was regulated from 12 to 22 kV, and the tube current was regulated within 3.0 mA by the filament temperature. The exposure time was controlled in order to obtain optimum x-ray intensity, and the maximum focal spot dimensions were approximately 2.0 x 1.5 mm. The polycapillary plate was J5022-16 (Hamamatsu Photonics Inc.), and the plate thickness was 1.0 mm. The outer, effective, and hole diameters were 33 mm, 27 mm, and 10 &mu;m, respectively. Quasi-monochromatic x-rays were produced using a 10 &mu;m-thick copper filter with a tube voltage of 17 kV, and these rays were formed into parallel beams by the polycapillary. The radiogram was taken using a computed radiography system utilizing imaging plates. In the measurement of image resolution, the resolution hadly varied according to increases in the distance between the chart and imaging plate using a polycapillary. We could observe a 50 &mu;m tungsten wire clearly, and fine blood vessels of approximately 100 &mu;m were visible in angiography.
Valerian (Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus) (2012)

Abstract The reign, from 253 to 260 CE , of Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus ( PIR 2 L 258; RE 173), the last Roman emperor whose career combined civilian and military posts, ended in disaster at the worst point of the empire's military and economic crisis.
Design theory of long-distance optical transmission systems using midway optical phase conjugation (1997)

This paper describes the basic system principle, the residual waveform distortion, the optimal design method, the ultimate transmission capacity, and its future improvement of the long-distance optical fiber transmission system using midway optical phase conjugation. We show that the periodic power variation in an optical amplifier chain and the dispersion value fluctuation from span to span along the system cause imperfect compensation for waveform distortion in the midway optical phase conjugation system. The optimal design method for suppressing the residual waveform distortion is proposed and confirmed by using computer simulations.
A Facile Way to Prepare Hydrophilic Homogeneous PES Hollow Fiber Membrane via Non-Solvent Assisted Reverse Thermally Induced Phase Separation (RTIPS) Method (2019)

Sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) was used as an additive to prepare hydrophilic poly(ethersulfone) (PES) hollow fiber membranes via non-solvent assisted reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) process. The PES/SPES/<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/ polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) casting solutions are lower critical solution temperature (LCST) membrane forming systems. The LCST and phase separation rate increased with the increase of SPES concentrations, while the casting solutions showed shear thinning. When the membrane forming temperature was higher than the LCST, membrane formation mechanism was controlled by non-solvent assisted RTIPS process and the also membranes presented a more porous structure on the surface and a bi-continuous structure on the cross section. The membranes prepared by applying SPES present higher pure water flux than that of the pure PES membrane. The advantages of the SPES additive are reflected by the relatively high flux, good hydrophilicity and excellent mechanical properties at 0.5 wt.% SPES content.
Design of a Flexible Skin for a Shear Morphing Wing (2010)

This article focuses on flexskins comprising of a cellular substructure and pretensioned facesheet for shear morphing applications. The unit cell of the substructure is a strand with some strain-relief feature, and it supports a segment of pretensioned facesheet. The function of the strain-relief feature is to reduce the peak strains in the strand and consequently the actuation work during shear morphing. Central hexagonal cells, elliptical cells, and half elliptical cells in the strand provided the sought strain relief at the edges of the strand, but the sharp corners and the proximity of these central features to those from adjacent strands during shear morphing led to a tendency for the facesheet to wrinkle. Alleviating wrinkling by increasing facesheet pretension increases the morphing actuation work requirement. Facesheet wrinkling can also be reduced by increasing strand separation, but this too requires higher prestrain in the facesheet to limit out-of-plane displacement under aerodynamic loads. The best solution was found to be the use of Gaussian- or Cosine-shaped curved strands which reduced morphing actuation force requirements by around 30% compared to straight strands used on a previous demonstration aircraft, and the peak strain levels to about 1.2% (down from 3.3% for straight strands), while avoiding facesheet wrinkling. Going from a unit cell to a finite strip accounting for boundary effects it was observed that the curved strands near the rigid boundaries of the skin panel come very close to the boundaries at high morphing angles, promoting wrinkling in the facesheet. A gradient reduction in the amplitude of the curved section along the length of a strip of flexskin approaching the problematic boundary alleviates this situation. Other approaches examined prior to the adoption of the smooth curved strands, such as selective bonding of facesheet to the strands, varying the strand thickness, or offsetting the central strain relieving feature between successive strands, were unable to eliminate facesheet wrinkling at shear morphing angles.
A Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C (OspC) genotyping method using Luminex technology (2022)

Borrelia burgdorferi is an important tickborne human pathogen comprising several strains based on nucleotide sequence of the outer surface protein C (ospC) gene. Detection and characterization of different ospC genotypes is vital for research on B. burgdorferi and the risk it poses to humans. Here we present a novel, multiplex assay based on Luminex xMAP technology for the detection of B. burgdorferi ospC genotypes. The assay has five major steps: amplification of the ospC gene, hydrolyzation of surplus primers and nucleotides, incorporation of biotinylated nucleotides into the template DNA, hybridization to Luminex microspheres, and detection of fluorescent signals corresponding to each ospC genotype. We validated the protocol by comparing results obtained from our method against results from an established ospC genotyping method. This protocol can be used for the characterization of ospC genotypes in B. burgdorferi infected ticks, reservoir hosts, and/or clinical samples.
Abstract 34: Hypercoagulable Response After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Does Not Occur in Patients With Hematoma Enlargement (2014)

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has high morbidity, and hematoma enlargement (HE) causes worse outcome. Thromboelastography (TEG) measures the dynamics of clot formation and dissolution, and might be useful for assessing bleeding risk. Speed of clot formation in minutes is measured by parameters R, K, and delta, and clot strength in dynes of resistance by MA and G. We used TEG to detect changes in clotting in patients with and without HE after ICH. Methods: This prospective study included 64 patients with spontaneous ICH admitted from 2009 to 2013. TEG was performed within 6 hours of symptom onset and after 36 hours. Brain imaging was obtained at baseline and 36 ±12 hours, and HE defined as total volume increase &gt; 6cc or &gt;33%.TEG was also obtained from 57 healthy controls. Comparisons between groups were assessed by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable regression was performed after controlling for potential confounders. Results: Age and gender were not different between ICH patients and controls. Compared to controls, ICH patients demonstrated faster and stronger clot formation; shorter R and delta (p&lt;0.0001) at baseline; and higher MA and G (p &lt; 0.0001) at 36 hours. 11/64 (17%) patients had HE. Male sex and prior clopidrogel use were more frequent in the HE + group (p&lt;0.05) compared to HE -. After controlling for potential confounders (age, clopidrogel, INR, platelet count), baseline K and delta were longer in HE + vs. HE - patients, indicating that HE+ patients had slower clot formation (p&lt;0.05). TEG was not different between HE + and HE - patients at 36 hours. Discussion: TEG may detect important coagulation changes in patients with ICH; clotting may become faster and stronger in immediate response to ICH; a less robust response may be associated with HE. These findings may have relevance to patient management and deserve further investigation. Delta values at baseline for controls, all hemorrhage patients, hemorrhage enlargement (HE) + and (HE) - patients.
Performances of the Gun with a Re-entrant Shaped Wehnelt Cylinder (1960)

Performances of the gun with a simplified re-entrant shaped Wehnelt cylinder was measured. As the depth of the shield is increased, the current per unit solid angle of the emerging beam B becomes high, while the current density per unit solid angle R is decreased gradually. Therefore, the re-entrant shaped Wehnelt shield is recommendable to a simple electron microscope with no condenser lens system, but this type of the shield is not preferable to the simple flat shield for an ordinary electron microscope with a condenser lens system.
Algorithms and System for High-Level Structure Analysis and Event Detection in Soccer Video (2001)

In this report, we first present a general framework for video structure and content analysis. In this framework, frame-based low-level features are extracted. Each frame is represented by the values of features or labels converted from the features. So video sequence is transformed into multiple label sequences or real number sequences. Each of such sequence is associated with one of the extracted low-level feature. The feature sequences are analyzed together to extract high-level semantic features. Based on this framework, we describe an application system specifically for soccer video indexing and summarization. We use a distinctive feature to capture the high-level structure of the soccer video (e.g., play boundaries) and use a unique feature, grass orientation, together with camera motion to detect interesting events such as play strategy. The unique features of the system include compressed-domain feature extraction for real-time performance, use of domain specific features for detecting high-level events, and integration of multiple features for content understanding.
Electrochemical generation of an iron(IV) porphyrin (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical generation of an iron(IV) porphyrinJohn T. Groves and John A. GilbertCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 2, 123–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00222a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00222a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILE THIOACYLIERUNG MIT LOESUNGEN VON DIMETHYL‐THIOCARBAMOYLLITHIUM (1974)

Abstract Eine bei ‐100° hergestellte Lösung von Dimethylthiocarbamoyllithium (II) (aus Li‐diisopropylamid und N,N‐Dimethylthioformamid) in THF/Hexan reagiert mit den Ketonen (I) zu den Thioamiden (III).
Developing a Multi-Layer Strategy for Securing Control Systems of Oil Refineries (2010)

The energy industry and in particular the Oil Refineries are extremely important elements in Iraq’s infrastructure. A terrorist attack on one oil refinery will have a catastrophic impact on oil production and the whole economy. It can also cause serious damage to the environment and even losses of human lives. The security of information systems and industrial control systems such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Distributed Control System (DCS) used in the oil industry is a major part of infrastructure protection strategy. This paper describes an attempt to use several security procedures to design a secure, robust system for the SCADA and DCS systems currently in use in the North Oil Refinery in the city of Baiji located in northern Iraq.
Apoptosis induced by low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation (2002)

Low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation are able to induce significant apoptosis, and apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms by which low-dose radiation causes growth inhibition.
Fixations or smooth eye movements? (1994)

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Gas sorption, diffusion, and permeation in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2000)

The permeability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS] to H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, CF4, C2F6, and C3F8, and solubility of these penetrants were determined as a function of pressure at 35 °C. Permeability coefficients of perfluorinated penetrants (CF4, C2F6, and C3F8) are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs (CH4, C2H6, and C3H8), and the perfluorocarbon permeabilities are significantly lower than even permanent gas permeability coefficients. This result is ascribed to very low perfluorocarbon solubilities in hydrocarbon-based PDMS coupled with low diffusion coefficients relative to those of their hydrocarbon analogs. The perfluorocarbons are sparingly soluble in PDMS and exhibit linear sorption isotherms. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for perfluorocarbon penetrants are substantially greater than those of their hydrocarbon analogs, indicating less favorable energetics of mixing perfluorocarbons with PDMS. Based on the sorption results and conventional lattice solution theory with a coordination number of 10, the formation of a single C3F8/PDMS segment pair requires 460 J/mol more energy than the formation of a C3H8/PDMS pair. A breakdown in the geometric mean approximation of the interaction energy between fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons was observed. These results are consistent with the solubility behavior of hydrocarbon–fluorocarbon liquid mixtures and hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon gas solubility in hydrocarbon liquids. From the permeability and sorption data, diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of penetrant concentration. Perfluorocarbon diffusion coefficients are lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs, consistent with the larger size of the fluorocarbons. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 415–434, 2000
Islamic mutual funds’ financial performance and international investment style: evidence from 20 countries (2011)

We pursue the first large-scale investigation of a strongly growing mutual fund type: Islamic funds. Based on an unexplored, survivorship bias-adjusted data set, we analyse the financial performance and investment style of 265 Islamic equity funds from 20 countries. As Islamic funds often have diverse investment regions, we develop a (conditional) three-level Carhart model to simultaneously control for exposure to different national, regional and global equity markets and investment styles. Consistent with recent evidence for conventional funds, we find Islamic funds to display superior learning in more developed Islamic financial markets. While Islamic funds from these markets are competitive to international equity benchmarks, funds from especially Western nations with less Islamic assets tend to significantly underperform. Islamic funds’ investment style is somewhat tilted towards growth stocks. Funds from predominantly Muslim economies also show a clear small cap preference. These results are consistent over time and robust to time varying market exposures and capital market restrictions.
Purification and structural characterization of the thermosome from the hyperthermophilic archaeum Methanopyrus kandleri (1996)

From Methanopyrus kandleri, the most thermophilic methanogen known so far, we have purified to homogeneity a protein complex of high molecular mass. Image analysis of transmission electron micrographs revealed a barrel-shaped particle composed of two rings with 8-fold symmetry. Only one type of subunit could be detected. The corresponding gene has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence shows high homology with the members of group II chaperonins. The structure of the projection and the sequence homology suggest that this particle is the first thermosome isolated from a methanogen.
Automatic feature extraction and face synthesis in facial image coding (2002)

A real-time method that automatically extracts facial feature points is proposed. Based upon this technique, the authors also present a procedure to encode facial images efficiently. For clarity the proposed method is divided into an analysis part and synthesis part. The analysis part includes face tracking, feature extraction, and pose estimation. All of these procedures are applicable for live video applications. In the synthesis part, a new face image is synthesized using one base image and a small number of feature images. The current performance of feature extraction is about 8 frames per second on a Pentinum II 233 MHz PC with an image size 320/spl times/240.
Preliminary evaluation of omega‐3 dietary supplement label information for products in the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) (2011)

Omega-3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) include the most widely studied n-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and ALA (alpha-linolenic acid). In addition to being found naturally occurring in food, n-3 fatty acids are also available in fish- and plant-based dietary supplements. The Nutrient Data Lab (NDL) used product information obtained from various resources including shopping surveys and NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) to develop a sampling plan for the DSID Omega-3 Study. A final list of 85 products was compiled based upon a NDL-developed brand rating system. Supplement Fact information showed n-3 fatty acids listed as total omega-3 (16), individual n-3 fatty acids (29), or both (40). Fish oil softgels (58 products) were the most common product form and matrix, followed by flax oil softgels (12), blend softgel (9), flax oil liquids (4), and fish oil gel packet and gummies (1 each). Label ranges of specific n-3 fatty acids (in mg/day) were 140–2200 for EPA, 90–2000 for DHA, 350–1400 for ALA, and 200–7000 for total omega-3. Most n-3 products were purchased from natural food stores (43), followed by mass market (28) and direct sales (14). Specific analyzed data and label observations will be employed to determine appropriate methods for reporting analyzed values for omega-3 content of products in the DSID. Funding: USDA/ARS & NIH/ODS.