gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The pure antiandrogen ru 23908 (anandron®), a candidate of choice for the combined antihormonal treatment of prostatic cancer: A review (1984)

The nonsteroidal antiandrogen RU 23908 ( Anandron ) weakly interacts with the prostatic cytosolic androgen receptor and shows a fast dissociation rate. When administered to immature castrated rats up to the daily dose of 100 mg/kg, it is devoid of any androgenic activity but efficiently blocks the growth-promoting activity of androgens on ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight, thus showing the characteristics of a pure antiandrogen. In intact animals, on the other hand, the antiandrogen administered alone exerts only a partial inhibition of prostate and seminal vesicle weight. This is due to the property of the pure antiandrogen to neutralize the inhibitory feedback effect of androgens at the pituitary level on the LH responsiveness to LHRH, as illustrated in vitro in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture as well as in vivo in intact and castrated animals. In intact animals, neutralization of the inhibitory feedback action of endogenous androgens leads to an increased LH and testosterone secretion, which partly overcomes the direct action of the antiandrogen at the level of the prostate and seminal vesicles. In fact, the plasma testosterone concentration is more than doubled 6 hr after the administration of 10 mg of RU 23908 while plasma LH and testosterone levels are increased by 7- and 17-fold, respectively, after 14 days of similar daily treatment. Efficient neutralization of the androgenic action at the prostatic level in intact animals thus requires prevention of this escape phenomenon through inhibition of LH secretion. Although inhibition of LH release can be achieved by estrogen and progestins, an optimal inhibitory effect on the prostate is obtained by the combined administration of the antiandrogen with an LHRH agonist that causes a specific blockage of testicular androgen biosynthesis as well as an inhibition of the LH responsiveness to LHRH.
Interleukin-18 Expression after Focal Ischemia of the Rat Brain: Association with the Late-Stage Inflammatory Response (2002)

Interleukin-18, previously designated interferon gamma-inducing factor, is a proinflammatory cytokine structurally related to interleukin-1beta and is therefore considered a member of the growing family of interleukin-1-like cytokines. Both interleukin-18 and -1beta are synthesized as inactive precursors that necessitate cleavage by caspase-1 for functional activity. In this study, the authors analyzed the expression pattern of interleukin-18, -1beta, and caspase-1 in focal brain ischemia induced in rats either by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion or by photothrombosis of cortical microvessels. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, they found a delayed increase of interleukin-18 mRNA starting at 48 hours and reaching its peak between 7 and 14 days after ischemia. In contrast, interleukin-1beta mRNA peaked within 16 hours and was downregulated thereafter. The time course of caspase-1 mRNA expression paralleled that of interleukin-18, but not of interleukin-1beta mRNA. Immunocytochemically, interleukin-18 expression was localized to ED1-positive phagocytic microglia/macrophages infiltrating the necrotic lesion between 3 and 6 days after ischemia. In contrast, interleukin-1beta immunoreactivity was expressed by ramified microglia in the infarct border zone and remote ipsilateral cortex during the first 16 hours postlesion. Induction of interleukin-18 was not accompanied by detectable expression of interferon-gamma mRNA. Their data show spatial and temporal diversity in interleukin-1 and -18 cytokine family expression in brain ischemia, and suggest a role of the interleukin-18/caspase-1 pathway in late-stage inflammatory responses to focal brain ischemia.
A Sealless Centrifugal Blood Pump with Passive Magnetic and Hydrodynamic Bearings (1999)

We are developing a permanently implantable ventricular assist system based on a sealless centrifugal blood pump. The impeller of the pump is supported by a passive radial magnetic bearing acting in synergy with hydrodynamic bearings. Torque is transmitted to the impeller by electromagnetic coupling via an integrated axial flux gap motor. Computer modeling has been used extensively to guide the hydraulic and electromagnetic design of the pump. As part of the development effort, a prototype system was built, which consisted of a radial magnetic bearing, an axial air gap motor, and a pivot bearing to constrain the axial motion. The following testing has been completed to validate the design. First, hydraulic tests have demonstrated sufficient hydraulic performance. Second, preliminary in vitro evaluation of hemolysis was low compared to that of a BioPump control. Third, a 6 h in vivo experiment was successfully completed.
Mechanical Performance and Finite Element Analysis of Bi-directional Barbed Sutures. (2004)

In the current investigation the mechanical performance of barbed sutures made from resorbable and non-resorbable polymer monofilaments were studied. The main objective was to find a method to differentiate between those polymers that form "good" barbs and those that do not. To achieve this objective a suture/tissue pull-out test was developed in which the suture was stressed in a tensile test until it was removed from a tissue simulant specimen. This test was conducted on four resorbable sutures: Biosyn, Maxon, Monocryl &amp;#38; PDS and on three non-resorbable sutures: Ethilon, Novafil &amp;#38; Prolene. Those barbed sutures giving a pull-out load in excess of 1.5 kg were considered to have "good" barbs with adequate mechanical performance. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing experiments were performed on the suture polymers in an attempt to identify which microstructural characteristics of the polymer and/or mechanical properties of the monofilament are associated with "good" barb performance. It was found that Maxon, PDS, Ethilon and Prolene sutures gave superior barb performance. Small compactly arranged crystalline structures were found to be the most important factor for the formation of "good" barbs. In addition, the peak tensile elongation of the unbarbed suture was also found to correlate with superior barb performance. The peak tensile force, modulus and toughness of the monofilament appeared to have no effect. It is therefore concluded that the ability of a polymer to form good barbs depends on small crystal size and high tensile elongation. Barb failure was observed to proceed through one of two mechanism; either curling or peeling. Two dimensional finite element analysis of the barb geometry identified the stress concentrations in and near the barbs under load, which were in agreement with the mechanisms of barb failure as observed by image analysis.
<b>DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OE NEUROTENSIN AND GALANIN IN THE RAT GASTROINTESTINAL </b><b>TRACT </b> (1995)

To characterize and compare the developmental patterns of neurotensin (NT) and galanin (GAL) expression in the gastrointestinal tract, we measured both peptide content and mRNA concentrations in different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract at different times during fetal and postnatal development. The abundance of NT mRNA in the jejunum and ileum increased from birth and peaked on day 7, subsequently decreased by day 21. In contrast, expression of NT mRNA in the stomach and colon remained very low. Changes in NT peptide content parallelled that in NT mRNA. On the other hand, the abundance of GAL mRNA, which was expressed in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract, gradually increased until day 21 following birth. GAL peptide content increased up until day 7; thereafter, the levels of this peptide remained relatively unchanged. Thus, the gene expression of NT and GAL each demonstrates a specific pattern of tissue distribution and a different developmental pattern. These data suggest that NT and GAL gene expression and peptide content are developmentally regulated and that NT and GAL each play a different role in the gastrointestinal tract during development.
Interactive ramp merging planning in autonomous driving: Multi-merging leading PGM (MML-PGM) (2017)

Cooperative driving behavior is essential for driving in traffic, especially for ramp merging, lane changing or navigating intersections. Autonomous vehicles should also manage these situations by behaving cooperatively and naturally. The challenge of cooperative driving is estimating other vehicles' intentions. In this paper, we present a novel method to estimate other human-driven vehicles' intentions with the aim of achieving a natural and amenable cooperative driving behavior, without using wireless communication. The new approach allows the autonomous vehicle to cooperate with multiple observable merging vehicles on the ramp with a leading vehicle ahead of the autonomous vehicle in the same lane. To avoid calculating trajectories, simplify computation, and take advantage of mature Level-3 components, the new method reacts to merging cars by determining a following target for an off-the-shelf distance keeping module (ACC) which governs speed control of the autonomous vehicle. We train and evaluate the proposed model using real traffic data. Results show that the new approach has a lower collision rate than previous methods and generates more human driver-like behaviors in terms of trajectory similarity and time-to-collision to leading vehicles.
Erratum: Is Lymph Node Size a Reliable Factor for Estimating Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer? (2018)

[This corrects the article on p. 20 in vol. 18, PMID: 29629217.].
Master-oscillator power-amplifier in the red spectral range for holographic displays (2016)

RGB-light sources with a coherence length of several meters are required for holographic displays. Furthermore, these emitters must feature a high luminance and must be sufficiently small in size, to be employed in today’s consumer market products. Therefore, an all-semiconductor based solution is preferred. We developed red-emitting semiconductor lasers at 635 nm and 647 nm with internal distributed Bragg reflectors and suitable amplifiers at these wavelengths to boost the lasers output power. We investigated tapered amplifiers containing a ridge-waveguide section as well as truncated tapered designs in master-oscillator power-amplifier configuration (MOPA). This allowed the generation of diffraction limited single mode emission by the MO-chip and subsequent amplification of the radiation by the PA-chip by more than 10 dB, without significantly degrading the coherence properties. We successfully demonstrated an optical output power of more than 300 mW at 635 nm and 500 mW at 647 nm. The radiation featured a linewidth below 10 MHz, which corresponds to a coherence length of at least several meters, well suited for a holographic system.
pH Dependence of a Mammalian Polyamine Oxidase: Insights into Substrate Specificity and the Role of Lysine 315 (2009)

Mammalian polyamine oxidases (PAOs) catalyze the oxidation of N1-acetylspermine and N1-acetylspermidine to produce N-acetyl-3-aminopropanaldehyde and spermidine or putrescine. Structurally, PAO is a member of the monoamine oxidase family of flavoproteins. The effects of pH on the kinetic parameters of mouse PAO have been determined to provide insight into the protonation state of the polyamine required for catalysis and the roles of ionizable residues in the active site in amine oxidation. For N1-acetylspermine, N1-acetylspermidine, and spermine, the k(cat)/K(amine)-pH profiles are bell-shaped. In each case, the profile agrees with that expected if the productive form of the substrate has a single positively charged nitrogen. The pK(i)-pH profiles for a series of polyamine analogues are most consistent with the nitrogen at the site of oxidation being neutral and one other nitrogen being positively charged in the reactive form of the substrate. With N1-acetylspermine as the substrate, the value of k(red), the limiting rate constant for flavin reduction, is pH-dependent, decreasing below a pK(a) value of 7.3, again consistent with the requirement for an uncharged nitrogen for substrate oxidation. Lys315 in PAO corresponds to a conserved active site residue found throughout the monoamine oxidase family. Mutation of Lys315 to methionine has no effect on the k(cat)/K(amine) profile for spermine; the k(red) value with N1-acetylspermine is only 1.8-fold lower in the mutant protein, and the pK(a) in the k(red)-pH profile with N1-acetylspermine shifts to 7.8. These results rule out Lys315 as a source of a pK(a) in the k(cat)/K(amine) or k(cat)/k(red) profiles. They also establish that this residue does not play a critical role in amine oxidation by PAO.
Coordination Polymer Nanobelts as an Effective Sensing Platform for Fluorescence‐enhanced Nucleic Acid Detection (2011)

In this communication, the application of coordination polymer nanobelts (CPNs) assembled from H(2)PtCl(6) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) are explored as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for nucleic acid detection for the first time. The suggested method has a high selectivity down to single-base mismatch. DNA detection is accomplished by the following two steps: (1) CPN binds fluorecent dye-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe via both electrostatic attraction and π-π stacking interactions between unpaired DNA bases and CPN. As a result, the fluorescent dye is brought into close proximity to CPN and substantial fluorescence quenching occurs due to photoinduced electron transfer from the nitrogen atom in CPN to the excited fluorophore. (2) The hybridization of adsorbed ssDNA probe with its target generates a double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The duplex cannot be adsorbed by CPN due to its rigid conformation and the absence of unpaired DNA bases, leading to an obvious fluorescence enhancement.
Phytomedicine (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive loss of memory. Various strategies have been developed to prevent or slow the progression of the disease. Despite several advancements in the field of medical therapeutics, an effective treatment for AD is the need of the hour. Since ages past, plants have played a role in catering to the therapeutic needs of humans and in the process of drug discovery. Based on the traditional literature, various new therapeutically active compounds or their leads have been isolated from plants, including for use in cognitive disorders. We are blessed with plethora of such literature from different traditional systems of medicines. This chapter discusses plants and their active constituents found effective in treatment of memory disorders, including their preclinical and clinical efficacy and their mechanism of action.
PULMONARY FUNCTION STUDIES DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE IN INFANTS RECOVERING FROM THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (1973)

Serial measurements of pulmonary function during the first year of life were obtained in 38 premature infants following recovery from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Twenty-seven similar weight normal prematures were studied as controls. Serial measurements were made of functional residual capacity, dynamic compliance, and arterial blood gases. All infants following the acute phase of RDS showed decreases in functional residual capacity and/or dynamic compliance, arterial PO2 and mild to severe carbon dioxide retention. Nine nonventilated infants returned to normal by age 2 to 4 months. Eight of 11 infants ventilated for RDS with subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia died by age 5 months. The 3 survivors had increased FRC, markedly decreased dynamic compliance, relative hypoxia, and carbon dioxide retention throughout the first year. Eighteen ventilated infants with clinical recovery showed considerable individual variations, but the mean group arterial PO2 was lower than normal from 6 to 12 months of age. Abnormalities in chest radiographs were common in infants after ventilation and readmission to hospital for respiratory problems during the first year of life occurred in 8 of 21 surviving infants initially ventilated for RDS.
A Hierarchical Neural Abstractive Summarization with Self-Attention Mechanism (2018)

Recently, the attentional seq2seq model had made a remarkable progress on the abstractive summarization. But most of these models do not considers the relation between original sentences, which is the important feature in extractive method. In this work, we proposed a Hierarchical Neural model to address problem. First, we use a self-attention to discovers the relation between original sentences. Secondly, we use a copy mechanism to solve the OOV problem. The experiment demonstrates that our model achieves state-of-the-art ROUGE scores on LCSTS dataset.
Prevalence of low serum cobalamin in infertile couples (2009)

A high prevalence of low levels of cobalamin had been found in a survey of multi-ethnic normal individuals in Israel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of cobalamin deficiency among Israeli couples suffering from infertility. All couples seen at the in vitro fertilization clinic at an urban hospital (Shaare Zedek Medical Center) in Jerusalem for a 6-month period were invited. Mean cobalamin levels were 259.2 pg ml(-1) in males and 275.1 pg ml(-1) in females (normal >200 pg ml(-1)), 35.5% of 172 men and 23.3% of 223 females had cobalamin deficiency (P = 0.01). There were 171 couples with complete demographic questionnaires and cobalamin values for each partner. In 74 couples (43.3%), one partner was cobalamin deficient, with no significant difference between those with unexplained infertility versus those with explained infertility; and in 13 couples, both partners were cobalamin deficient. Thirty-nine per cent of all men with an abnormal semen analysis had cobalamin deficiency, a finding that requires further investigation. This study questions whether higher rates of male infertility in Israel are partially ascribable to cobalamin deficiency. Recommendation for supplementation in both males and females to achieve high-normal levels of cobalamin would be prudent.
Joule Heating Induced Negative Differential Resistance in Freestanding Metallic Carbon Nanotubes (2023)

The features of the IV characteristics of metallic carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs) in different experimental setups are studied using semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation together with the heat dissipation equation to account for significant thermal effects at high electric bias. This chapter shows that the nonlinearities in the IV characteristics of m-CNTs find their origins in Joule heating and the efficiency in heat removal from the m-CNT. The first measurements of the IV characteristics on individual m-CNTs were performed on substrate-supported tubes in a configuration similar to a field effect transistor. The chapter also shows that the onset of negative differential resistance in freestanding nanotubes finds its origins in strong transport nonlinearities associated with poor heat removal unlike in substrate-supported nanotubes. Using realistic parameters, the model is able to reproduce the IV characteristics in both substrate-supported and freestanding nanotubes. However, the nonlinear behavior observed in each of the systems is caused by different phenomena affecting the carrier distribution.
Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil (2001)

The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.
Robust construction of radial basis function networks for classification (2002)

A neural network, based on robust construction of locally tuned radial basis functions (RBFs), is proposed to design a pattern classifier. A one-class one-network classification scheme is used to improve the data separation. A data sphering technique is applied to the raw training data for each class to decorrelate/normalize the data and to remove the potential outliers. The generalized Lloyd vector quantization clustering (LBG) algorithm with centroid splitting is applied on the sphered data to determine the centers and the diagonal covariance matrices of the Gaussian kernels. Better performance is achieved by the authors' proposed method compared to an existing RBF construction method on artificial data. Favorable simulation results are achieved using the technique compared to other neural networks in classifying the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>