gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Diet on the Development of Gastrin- and Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Stomach of Rats (1985)

The effects of changes in diet on antral gastrin-like immunoreactivities and antral and corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivities were studied in three groups of young male rats. Group 1 rats were weaned physiologically, group 2 rats received only breast milk, and group 3 rats were fed milk until 20 days of age and then were switched abruptly to laboratory chow. In group 1, antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity increased gradually from 13 days of age to adults. In group 2, antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity did not increase, and antral and corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity increased until 20 and 25 days of age, respectively. In group 3, there were three- to fivefold increases of antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity after changing to laboratory chow. Dietary changes had no effect on the concentration of corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the developmental patterns of gastric gastrin-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity are closely related to diet; laboratory chow may play an important role in the development of these gut hormones.
Characterization of the freeze sensitivity of a hepatitis B vaccine (2009)

Recent studies have revealed that vaccines containing aluminum adjuvant are exposed to sub-zero temperatures while in the cold chain more frequently than was previously believed. This raises concerns that these freeze-sensitive vaccines may be damaged and offer inadequate protection. This study was undertaken to characterize the immediate qualitative changes of one such vaccine, hepatitis B, caused by freeze exposure. Hepatitis B vaccine was subjected to freezing temperatures ranging from 0 degrees C to -20 degrees C for up to three episodes with durations ranging from 1 hour to 7 days. The vaccine was analyzed for freezing point, particle size distribution, tertiary structure, and in vitro and in vivo potency. Whether or not hepatitis B vaccine freezes was shown to be dependent on an array of factors including temperature, rate of temperature change, duration of exposure, supercooling effects and vibration. Vaccine exposed to "mild" freezing (-4 degrees C or warmer) temperatures did not freeze and remained qualitatively unaltered. Single or repeated freezing events at temperatures of -10 degrees C or lower were associated with aggregation of the adjuvant-antigen particles, structural damage of the antigen, and reduction of immunogenicity in mice. Damage to the vaccine increased with duration of freezing, lower temperature, and the number of freezing episodes. With vibration, vaccine froze at -6 degrees C after 1 hour and damage occurred. Freezing and freeze damage to vaccines containing aluminum salt adjuvant represent real risks to the effectiveness of immunization and should be prevented by strengthening the cold chain system or, alternatively, development of freeze-stable vaccine formulations.
Heartbeat synchronization for robotic cardiac surgery (2002)

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) requires of surgeons precision of hand skill and mental concentration, since it needs to work on beating hearts. We propose a surgical robot system that compensates motions of organs during operations. The motion canceling robot system consists of three technologies; visual synchronization, motion synchronization and master-slave control. The visual stabilization provides the surgeon with the image of stabilized target point on the video monitor. The surgeon operates the master robot referring to the stabilized image. The motion stabilization, on the other hand, controls the slave robot being synchronized with the heart beat, which is the function of the master-slave control. Master-slave transforms the master motion and controls the slave robot. In this paper, we verify the effectiveness of the prototype system by in-vivo experiment.
Increase of nonradiative recombination centers in GaN-based laser diodes during aging (2008)

It is generally speculated that the increase of threshold current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> in GaN-based blue laser diodes (LDs) during aging is caused by the increase of nonradiative recombination centers in the InGaN MQW active layers. However, no reports directly supported this speculation. In this report, by analyzing current-light output characteristics below threshold, we have proved that the nonradiative recombination lifetime decreases during degradation. The observation directly verifies that the density of defects increases during aging. The increase of Ith is mainly caused by the decrease of carrier lifetime. These results will be useful to comprehend the underlying physics on degradation in GaN-based LDs.
Multi-energy computed tomography using pre-reconstruction decomposition and iterative reconstruction algorithms (2012)

Abstract The three-dimensional distribution of the materials composing a sample is reconstructed using multiple-energy computed tomography techniques. The a priori knowledge about the specific materials that are present in the sample is used for decomposing the measured intensity projections into projected thicknesses of each component material. Those decomposed projections are then processed using iterative reconstruction algorithms to separately obtain the three-dimensional distribution of each material. A new iterative reconstruction algorithm has been implemented and its performance is compared to the standard filtered back projection and to another existing iterative algorithm based on histogram manipulation. The method is first tested with simulations on data for a realistic, three-materials' numerical sample and then applied to experimental micro-tomography data. The accuracy of the reconstruction from experimental data is tested by means of an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy scan of the sample.
Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children - A Cross Sectional Study in the Western Region of Nepal (2011)

Under-nutrition continues to be a primary cause of ill health and mortality among children in developing countries. Besides poverty, there are other factors that directly or indirectly affect the nutritional status of children. In the present study, an attempt was made to find the prevalence of under-nutrition among school children in 4 - 14 year age group and the role of socio-demographic characteristics of mother on child nutrition. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in schools of Kaski district of Western Nepal from January 2007 to June 2007. A total of 786 students were randomly selected from six schools in the study area and nutritional status of the children was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Results: Among 786 students, 26% of the students were found to be undernourished and 13% stunted, 12% wasted and only 1% both stunted and wasted. The present study shows highly significant association (p<0.005) of maternal factors like literacy, occupation, diet knowledge and monthly per-capita income respectively with child nutrition. Conclusion: Maternal education status, socio-economic status, occupation and dietary knowledge are important determinants of nutritional status of school children.
Cicletanine Modulates Endothelin-Induced Renal Vasoconstriction in the Rat (1991)

Summary Endothelin (ET-1), a recently discovered endothelium-derived peptide, has been reported to produce potent vasoconstriction in various isolated vessels of experimental animals. Cicletanine (CIC) is a novel antihypertensive agent. This study concerns the effect of CIC on the vascular actions of ET-1 (0.2 μM/kg) and epinephrine (1 μg/kg) in normotensive Wistar rats. The hemodynamic effects of ET-1 and epinephrine were also tested in the presence of molsidomine (MOL), a vasodilator that releases nitric oxide. Rats were treated for 15 days with CIC (10 mg/kg/day) or gum arabic p.o. Subsequently, the animals were anesthetized and renal and aortic blood flow (BF) determined by pulsed Doppler flowmetry, ET-1 or epinephrine was injected. After return to the basal level, MOL (5 mg/kg) was injected; 10 min later, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased and then ET-1 or epinephrine was administered. The vascular resistance was calculated by the MAP/BF ratio and expressed as a percentage. In CIC-treated rats, ET-1 induced a renal vasoconstriction smaller than in control rats ( + 27.2 ± 5.95 and +60.4 ± 11.95%, respectively, p < 0.01). In the presence of MOL, ET-1 produced a smaller increase in MAP ( + 9.7 ± 1.34 and +16.9 ± 2.49 mm Hg, p < 0.05). Epinephrine injected after MOL in CIC-treated rats induced a smaller renal vasoconstriction than in control rats (+ 98.8 ± 29.83 and 185 ± 30.33%, p < 0.05). Thus, CIC partially reduced the hypertensive and renal vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1. A combination of CIC and MOL diminished the renal effects of epinephrine. In conclusion, CIC could be used to attenuate the hypertensive status or renal ischemia disorders where ET-1 seems to be implicated.
Table ST4 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table ST4: Table of the 15 most informative proteins upregulated in MEK inhibitor-sensitive cell culture (ranked by log2 fold-change).&lt;/p&gt;
Downregulation of epithelial DUOX1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by small airway remodeling and alveolar emphysema due to environmental stresses such as cigarette smoking (CS). Oxidative stress is commonly implicated in COPD pathology, but recent findings suggest that one oxidant-producing NADPH oxidase homolog, dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), is downregulated in the airways of patients with COPD. We evaluated lung tissue sections from patients with COPD for small airway epithelial DUOX1 protein expression, in association with measures of lung function and small airway and alveolar remodeling. We also addressed the impact of DUOX1 for lung tissue remodeling in mouse models of COPD. Small airway DUOX1 levels were decreased in advanced COPD and correlated with loss of lung function and markers of emphysema and remodeling. Similarly, DUOX1 downregulation in correlation with extracellular matrix remodeling was observed in a genetic model of COPD, transgenic SPC-TNF-α mice. Finally, development of subepithelial airway fibrosis in mice due to exposure to the CS-component acrolein, or alveolar emphysema induced by administration of elastase, were in both cases exacerbated in Duox1-deficient mice. Collectively, our studies highlight that downregulation of DUOX1 may be a contributing feature of COPD pathogenesis, likely related to impaired DUOX1-mediated innate injury responses involved in epithelial homeostasis.
EEG data compression with source coding techniques (1991)

A data compression algorithm for the EEG, derived from the adaptive pulse code modulation scheme, is described where the consecutively computed differences are coded by passing them through a quantizer possessing only a few levels; the range of these levels is adapted to local signal statistics. Three different versions of the algorithm with data reduction up to 75% are presented. The system was validated using several multichannel-routine EEG recordings with both visual evaluation and computation of signal-to-noise ratios.
Ultraschall Synovitis Score zur Evaluierung von entzündlicher Aktivität an kleinen Fingergelenken bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (2004)

Problemstellung: Ziel der Studie war es, einen sonographischen Score zur Evaluierung von Synovitis der kleinen Fingergelenke bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) zu entwickeln sowie einen semiquantitativer Ultraschall Score (sUSS) mit quantitativen Messungen (qUS) zu vergleichen und Messgrenzen für die Detektion von Synovitis zu erheben.
Data Mining for the Internet of Things: Literature Review and Challenges (2015)

The massive data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) are considered of high business value, and data mining algorithms can be applied to IoT to extract hidden information from data. In this paper, we give a systematic way to review data mining in knowledge view, technique view, and application view, including classification, clustering, association analysis, time series analysis and outlier analysis. And the latest application cases are also surveyed. As more and more devices connected to IoT, large volume of data should be analyzed, the latest algorithms should be modified to apply to big data. We reviewed these algorithms and discussed challenges and open research issues. At last a suggested big data mining system is proposed.
Prostaglandin as a Target Molecule for Pharmacotherapy of Allergic Inflammatory Diseases (2008)

The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in allergic inflammation and to know the value of PGs, as a target molecule for an anti-allergic drug. PGD(2) is the major PG produced by the cyclooxygenase pathway in mast cells. Our and others findings indicate that PGD(2) is one of the potent allergic inflammatory mediators and must be a target molecule of anti-allergic agent. From our data, one of PGD(2) receptor antagonists show clear inhibition of airway hypersensitivity caused by allergic reaction. Concerning the role of PGE(2) in allergic inflammation, conflicting results have been reported. Many experimental data suggest an individual role of each PGE(2) receptor, EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4) in allergic reaction. Our results indicate the protective action of PGE(2) on allergic reaction via EP(3). In addition, one of EP(3) agonists clearly inhibits the allergic airway inflammation. These findings indicate the value of EP(3) agonists as an anti-allergic agent. In addition, some investigators including us reported that PGI(2) plays an important role for the protection of the onset of allergic reaction. However, the efficacy of PGI(2) analogue as an anti-allergic agent is not yet fully investigated. Finally, the role of thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) in allergic reaction is discussed. Our experimental results suggest a different participation of TxA(2) in allergic reaction of airway and skin. In this review, the role of PGs in allergic inflammation is summarized and the value of PGs as a target molecule for developing a new anti-allergic agent will be discussed.
Multitasking on the run (2013)

Researchers combine genetics and imaging to reveal that individual granule cells in the cerebellum integrate sensory and motor information.
Experimental and Molecular Docking Studies of Cyclic Diphenyl Phosphonates as DNA Gyrase Inhibitors for Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Pathogens (2022)

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are proven to be validated targets in the design of novel antibacterial drugs. In this study, we report the antibacterial evaluation and molecular docking studies of previously synthesized two series of cyclic diphenylphosphonates (<b>1a</b>-<b>e</b> and <b>2a</b>-<b>e</b>) as DNA gyrase inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were screened for their activity (antibacterial and DNA gyrase inhibition) against ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>E.coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> clinical isolates having mutations (deletion and substitution) in QRDR region of DNA gyrase. The target compound (<b>2a</b>) that exhibited the most potent activity against ciprofloxacin Gram-negative clinical isolates was selected to screen its inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase displayed IC<sub>50</sub> of 12.03 µM. In addition, a docking study was performed with inhibitor (<b>2a</b>), to illustrate its binding mode in the active site of DNA gyrase and the results were compatible with the observed inhibitory potency. Furthermore, the docking study revealed that the binding of inhibitor (<b>2a</b>) to DNA gyrase is mediated and modulated by divalent Mg<sup>2+</sup> at good binding energy (-9.08 Kcal/mol). Moreover, structure-activity relationships (SARs) demonstrated that the combination of hydrazinyl moiety in conjunction with the cyclic diphenylphosphonate based scaffold resulted in an optimized molecule that inhibited the bacterial DNA gyrase by its detectable effect in vitro on gyrase-catalyzed DNA supercoiling activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Crotophorbolone. (2016)

Abstract The tricyclic crotophorbolone (I) is constructed by coupling of simple fragments.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced differentiation in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60): receptor-mediated maturation to macrophage-like cells. (1984)

The human-derived promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, is known to differentiate into mature myeloid cells in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3). We investigated differentiation by monitoring 1,25(OH)2D3-exposed HL-60 cells for phagocytic activity, ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, binding of the chemotaxin N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine, development of nonspecific acid esterase activity, and morphological maturation of Wright-Giemsa-stained cells. 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations as low as 10(-10) M caused significant development of phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and the emergence of differentiated myeloid cells that had morphological characteristics of both metamyelocytes and monocytes. These cells were conclusively identified as monocytes/macrophages based upon their adherence to the plastic flasks and their content of the macrophage-characteristic nonspecific acid esterase enzyme. The estimated ED50 for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced differentiation based upon nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine binding was 5.7 X 10(-9) M. HL-60 cells exhibited a complex growth response with various levels of 1,25(OH)2D3: less than or equal to 10(-10) M had no detectable effect, 10(-9) M stimulated growth, and greater than or equal to 10(-8) M sharply inhibited proliferation. We also detected and quantitated the specific receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 in HL-60 and HL-60 Blast, a sub-clone resistant to the growth and differentiation effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. The receptor in both lines was characterized as a DNA-binding protein that migrated at 3.3S on high-salt sucrose gradients. Unequivocal identification was provided by selective dissociation of the 1,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex with the mercurial reagent, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, and by a shift in its sedimentation position upon complexing with anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. On the basis of labeling of whole cells with 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 in culture, we found that HL-60 contains approximately 4,000 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor molecules per cell, while the nonresponsive HL-60 Blast is endowed with approximately 8% of that number. The concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 (5 X 10(-9) M) in complete culture medium, which facilitates the saturation of receptors in HL-60 cells, is virtually identical to the ED50 for the sterol's induction of differentiation. This correspondence, plus the resistance of the relatively receptor-poor HL-60 Blast, indicates that 1,25(OH)2D3-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes/macrophages is occurring via receptor-mediated events.
Research and application of substation intelligent inspection technology based on multi spectral image recognition (2020)

The traditional inspection method of substation equipment mainly relies on human resources, which has shortages as high work intensity, low work efficiency and lack of real-time. In this paper, the framework of substation whole area intelligent inspection system is designed, which combines the real-time performance of fixed camera with the mobility of inspection robot, complements each other's advantages. On this basis, through the combination of the improved deep learning Fast-RCNN algorithm and the effective part of the traditional algorithm, the intelligent recognition of typical appearance defects of substation equipment is realized. The feature point detection technology is applied to the meter reading recognition algorithm to improve the adaptability and accuracy under different shooting angles and different shooting conditions. An infrared image target detection algorithm based on deep learning is proposed, which can realize the intelligent extraction of the temperature information of the focus object and intelligent diagnosis of overheating defects without the influence of the accumulated error of camera head. The tracking and positioning of personnel in the substation is realized by the combination of measurement learning, Kalman filter and camera calibration technology, and then realize the real-time monitoring and intelligent warning of equipment and personnel status in the substation. The system has been piloted in a 200kV substation in Zhejiang Province, which effectively promotes the intelligent level of substation safety management and control.
Tetragonal zirconia growth by nanolaminate formation (1994)

Multilayer films of polycrystalline zirconia and amorphous alumina were grown by reactive sputter deposition and characterized using x-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy. We demonstrate that the layer spacing can be scaled to insure nanosize crystallites in the zirconia layer. The result is that nanolaminates with a high volume fraction of retained tetragonal zirconia are produced, independent of deposition parameters and without the addition of a stabilizing dopant.
Simulation-Based Cryosurgery Training (2015)

A proof-of-concept for an advanced-level computerized training tool for cryosurgery is demonstrated, based on three-dimensional cryosurgery simulations and a variable insertion depth strategy for cryoprobes. The objective for system development is two-fold: to identify a cryoprobe layout in order to best match a planning isotherm with the target region shape and to verify that cryoprobe placement does not violate accepted geometric constraints. System validation has been performed by collecting training data from 17 surgical residents having no prior experience or advanced knowledge of cryosurgery. This advanced-level study includes an improved training session design in order to enhance knowledge dissemination and elevate participant motivation to excel. In terms of match between a planning isotherm and the target region shape, results of this demonstrate trainee performance improvement from 4.4% in a pretest to 44.4% in a posttest over a course of 50 minutes of training. In terms of combined performance, including the above-mentioned geometrical match and constraints on cryoprobe placement, this study demonstrates trainee performance improvement from 2.2% in the pretest to 31.1% in the posttest. Given the relatively short training session and the lack of prior knowledge, these improvements are significant and encouraging. These results are of particular significance, as they have been obtained from a surgical resident population which are exposed to the typical stress and constraints in advanced surgical education.
Privacy-preserving collaborative data mining (2008)

Data collection is a necessary step in data mining process. Due to privacy reasons, collecting data from different parties becomes difficult. Privacy concerns may prevent the parties from directly sharing the data and some types of information about the data. How multiple parties collaboratively conduct data mining without breaching data privacy presents a challenge. The objective of this paper is to provide solutions for privacy-preserving collaborative data mining problems. In particular, we illustrate how to conduct privacy-preserving naive Bayesian classification which is one of the data mining tasks. To measure the privacy level for privacy- preserving schemes, we propose a definition of privacy and show that our solutions preserve data privacy.