gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thematic text clustering for domain specific language model adaptation (2004)

We propose a new approach for thematic text clustering. The text clusters are used to generate domain specific language models in order to address the problem of language model adaptation. The method relies on a new discriminative n-gram based term selection process (n>l), which reduces the influence of the corpus inhomogeneity, and outputs only semantically focused n-grams as being the most representative key terms in the corpus. These key terms are then used to automatically cluster the whole document collection and generate LM out of these text clusters. Different key term selection methods are evaluated using perplexity as a measure. Automatically computed clusters are compared with manually assigned labelling according to genre information. The results of these experimental studies are presented and discussed. Compared to the manual clustering a significant performance improvement between 21.87 % and 53.12 % is observed depending on the chosen key term selection method.
Causes analysis and countermeasures of express warehouse explosion under e-commerce environment (2011)

Frequent express warehouse explosion (EWE) not only reduces the service quality of delivery, but also affects the healthy development of e-commerce. In order to wipe out EWE, this paper analyzes the main causes in detail through extensive investigation and data from internet. Research shows that the increasing supply of express companies couldn't meet the rapidly growing demand of e-commerce. Express delivery companies do not have enough money to increase supply because of low profits. In addition, lots of disadvantage of franchise mode and non-anti-factors including increasing operating costs, bad weather also accounted for EWE. On this basis, several specific countermeasures are proposed such as increasing the supply capacity, developing a reasonable price, changing the operating mode, building emergency plans, which are of practical significance for the humorous development of the express industry with e-commerce.
Room Temperature cw Operation of Visible InGaAsP Double Heterostructure Laser at 671 nm Grown by Hydride VPE (1985)

Room temperature cw laser operation was achieved at a wavelength as short as 671 nm using an InGaAsP/InGaP double heterostructure (DH) laser on GaAs 0.62 P 0.38 substrate for the first time. The DH structure was grown by the hydride vapor phase epitaxial method with a dual-growth-chamber reactor. With a mesa stripe laser structure, the threshold current density J th was as low as 4.5 kA/cm 2 and the characteristic temperature T 0 was 90 K at around room temperature.
Are Differences in External Noses Between Whites and Koreans Caused by Differences in the Nasal Septum? (2015)

The nasal septum plays an important role in nose development. East Asians are believed to have inherent hypoplasia of the nasal septum because East Asians have smaller noses than whites do. However, there have been no studies of nasal septum differences between whites and East Asians. We compared the nasal septum and its components in Koreans and whites using computed tomographic scan data. Twenty-seven patients of white origin and 64 patients of Korean origin older than 20 years were enrolled in this study between 2008 and 2012. We evaluated a total of 9 measurement items (5 for the nasal bones and septa as well as 4 for the external nose morphology). Sex differences in whites were the same as those in Koreans. Nasal bridge length and cartilaginous nasal bridge length were significantly longer in whites than in Koreans. However, there were no significant differences in nasal height, nasal tip projection, nasal bone length, total septal area, or most components of the nasal septum between the samples. The relative proportions of the cartilaginous septum divided by the total septal area were negatively correlated with the relative proportions of the perpendicular plate in both groups. Differences in the external nasal morphology between whites and Koreans are not caused by differences in the nasal septum.
The ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Fun30 Represses Transcription by Sliding Promoter-proximal Nucleosomes (2013)

The evolutionarily conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme Fun30 has recently been shown to play important roles in heterochromatin silencing and DNA repair. However, how Fun30 remodels nucleosomes is not clear. Here we report a nucleosome sliding activity of Fun30 and its role in transcriptional repression. We observed that Fun30 repressed the expression of genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, the stress response, and meiosis. In addition, Fun30 was localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes and within the open reading frames of its targets. Consistent with its role in gene repression, we observed that Fun30 target genes lacked histone modifications often associated with gene activation and showed an increased level of ubiquitinated histone H2B. Furthermore, a genome-wide nucleosome mapping analysis revealed that the length of the nucleosome-free region at the 5' end of a subset of genes was changed in Fun30-depleted cells. In addition, the positions of the -1, +2, and +3 nucleosomes at the 5' end of target genes were shifted significantly, whereas the position of the +1 nucleosome remained largely unchanged in the fun30Δ mutant. Finally, we demonstrated that affinity-purified, single-component Fun30 exhibited a nucleosome sliding activity in an ATP-dependent manner. These results define a role for Fun30 in the regulation of transcription and indicate that Fun30 remodels chromatin at the 5' end of genes by sliding promoter-proximal nucleosomes.
Making Neural QA as Simple as Possible but not Simpler (2017)

Recent development of large-scale question answering (QA) datasets triggered a substantial amount of research into end-toend neural architectures for QA. Increasingly complex systems have been conceived without comparison to simpler neural baseline systems that would justify their complexity. In this work, we propose a simple heuristic that guides the development of neural baseline systems for the extractive QA task. We find that there are two ingredients necessary for building a high-performing neural QA system: first, the awareness of question words while processing the context and second, a composition function that goes beyond simple bag-of-words modeling, such as recurrent neural networks. Our results show that FastQA, a system that meets these two requirements, can achieve very competitive performance compared with existing models. We argue that this surprising finding puts results of previous systems and the complexity of recent QA datasets into perspective.
Expression of copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2004)

One of the major obstacles in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the intrinsic/acquired resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP7B) has been reported to be associated with cisplatin resistance in vitro. However, the expression of ATP7B has not previously been addressed in human liver and HCC. Our purpose was to investigate ATP7B expression in human liver and hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. We retrospectively examined the expression of ATP7B in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of ATP7B was performed using a monoclonal antibody against ATP7B in 19 surgically removed hepatocellular carcinomas. A variable degree of cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells was observed in 21.1% (4/19) of the analyzed carcinomas. ATP7B expression was not observed in normal hepatic cells. Strong expression of ATP7B was observed in all the analyzed bile ducts. These findings suggest that overexpression of ATP7B in hepatocellular carcinoma might be associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Further, ATP7B is expressed in bile duct epithelial cells, where it may mediate copper secretion into bile fluid.
Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces (2021)

Modified colloids and flat surfaces occupy an important place in materials science research due to their widespread applications. Interest in the development of modifiers that adhere strongly to surfaces relates to the need for stability under ambient conditions in many applications. Diazonium salts have evolved as the primary choice for the modification of surfaces. The term "diazonics" has been introduced in the literature to describe "the science and technology of aryldiazonium salt-derived materials". The facile reduction of diazonium salts via chemical or electrochemical processes, irradiation stimuli, or spontaneously results in the efficient modification of gold surfaces. Robust gold-aryl nanoparticles, where gold is connected to the aryl ring through bonding to carbon and films modified by using diazonium salts, are critical in electronics, sensors, medical implants, and materials for power sources. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that gold-carbon interactions constructed via chemical reactions with diazonium salts are stronger than nondiazonium surface modifiers. This invited feature article summarizes the conceptual development of recent studies of diazonium salts in our laboratories and others with a focus on the surface modification of gold nanostructures, flat surfaces and gratings, and their applications in nanomedicine engineering, sensors, energy, forensic science, and catalysis.
Polyethylene glycol clicked Co(ii) Schiff base and its catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of secondary amines (2011)

Copper catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition "click method" provided an efficient and high yielding immobilization of cobalt(II) Schiff base to the azido-functionalized MeOPEG(5000); whereas the direct reaction between MeOPEG(5000) and Co(II) Schiff base did not produce any immobilization. The prepared catalyst was tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of various secondary amines using TBHP as oxidant and could be easily recovered by precipitation with diethyl ether at the end of the reaction.
A simple strategy for sample annotation error detection in cytometry datasets (2021)

Mislabeling samples or data with the wrong participant information can affect study integrity and lead investigators to draw inaccurate conclusions. Quality control to prevent these types of errors is commonly embedded into the analysis of genomic datasets, but a similar identification strategy is not standard for cytometric data. Here, we present a method for detecting sample identification errors in cytometric data using expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. We measured HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 expression in three longitudinal samples from 41 participants using a 33-marker CyTOF panel designed to identify major immune cell types. 3/123 samples (2.4%) showed HLA allele expression that did not match their longitudinal pairs. Furthermore, these same three samples' cytometric signature did not match qPCR HLA class I allele data, suggesting that they were accurately identified as mismatches. We conclude that this technique is useful for detecting sample-labeling errors in cytometric analyses of longitudinal data. This technique could also be used in conjunction with another method, like GWAS or PCR, to detect errors in cross-sectional data. We suggest widespread adoption of this or similar techniques will improve the quality of clinical studies that utilize cytometry.
A proteomic approach to study parathyroid glands (2010)

Parathyroid tumours are heterogeneous and in some cases the diagnosis may be difficult using histological features. In this study we used a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach to examine the global changes of parathyroid adenoma tissues protein profile compared to the parathyroid normal tissues. Validation of protein expression was performed by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Ingenuity software was used to identify the biological processes to which these proteins belong and to construct a potential network. A total of 30 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, of which 22 resulted in being over-expressed. Proteins identified by 2D/MS/MS proteomics were classified into functional categories and a major change (≥ 2-fold) in terms of expression was found in proteins involved in response to biotic stimuli, cell organization and signal transduction. After Ingenuity analysis, 14-3-3 ζ/δ appears to be a key protein in the network of parathyroid adenoma, where it is linked to other proteins such as annexin A2, B box and SPRY domain-containing protein (BSPRY), p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Our results suggest that the proteomic approach was able to differentiate the protein profiles of normal parathyroid and parathyroid adenoma and identify a panel of proteins which are differentially expressed. The functional role of these proteins in the network of intracellular pathways is discussed.
Design of Automatic Warehouse Control System by PLC- 200 (2014)

This article introduces the operating process and control requirements of the automatic warehouse and confirms the parts of the system and the relationship between them. Then the paper designs the control system of the automatic warehouse and uses PLC- 200 software to program. Finally it uses KingView software to design a real- time monitoring system to monitor the operated state of the process.
Selective balloon occlusion of the portal tree through the umbilical vein for hepatic resection (1995)

Journal Article Selective balloon occlusion of the portal tree through the umbilical vein for hepatic resection Get access K Yanaga, K Yanaga Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Correspondence to: Dr K. Yanaga, Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Soejima, Y Soejima Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Yoshizumi, T Yoshizumi Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Nishizaki, T Nishizaki Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Takenaka, K Takenaka Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Sugimachi K Sugimachi Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 82, Issue 10, October 1995, Page 1421, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800821041 Published: 08 December 2005 Article history Accepted: 16 February 1995 Published: 08 December 2005
Static and dynamic behaviour of paralleled IGBTs (2002)

The current balance, thermal stability, and switching behavior characteristics of parallel insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are analyzed. The influences of heat sink mounting, lay-out, and the drive circuit are described in order to demonstrate the best way to parallel IGBTs for optimum performance. An example of two paralleled IGBTs in a fully insulated package is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)‐Codeine (2008)

The value of a tricyclic spirocyclohexadienone intermediate has been illustrated again in the diastereoselective synthesis of (±)-codeine. From this useful intermediate, the formation of the B and D rings of codeine involved a Claisen–Eschenmoser rearrangement as a key step.
Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Tannin-Based Flexible Foam Insoles for Athletes (2023)

The exploitation of bio-based foams implies an increase in the use of renewable biological resources to reduce the rapid consumption of petroleum-derived resources. Both tannins and furfuryl alcohol are derived from forestry resources and are therefore considered as attractive precursors for the preparation of tannin-furanic foams. In addition, toughening modification of tannin-furanic foams using polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in a more flexible network-like structure, which imparts excellent flexibility to the foams with acquirement of relative properties that are even close to those of polyurethane foams, which are the most used polymers for fabrication of insoles for athletes. In addition, the addition of PVOH did not affect the thermal insulation of the foams, resilience and elongation at break, while reducing the brittleness of the samples and improving the mechanical properties. Also the observation of the morphology of the foam indicated that the compatibility between PVOH and tannin-furanic resin is good, and the cured foam does not show fragmentation or collapse, while the bubble pore structure is uniform. The developed flexible foam derived from biomass resources endowed the foam good thermal insulation properties and high mechanical properties, and the samples exhibited suitable physical parameters to be used as flexible insoles for athletes.
PPE Circuits for Rational Polynomials (2021)

Pairings are a powerful algebraic setting for realizing cryptographic functionalities. One challenge for cryptographers who design pairing systems is that the complexity of many systems in terms of the number of group elements and equations to verify has been steadily increasing over the past decade and is approaching the point of being unwieldy. To combat this challenge, multiple independent works have utilized computers to help with the system design. One common design task that researchers seek to automate is summarized as follows: given a description of a set of trusted elements T (e.g., a public key) and a set of untrusted elements U (e.g., a signature), automatically generate an algorithm that verifies U with respect to T using the pairing and group operations. To date, none of the prior automation works for this task have support for solutions with rational polynomials in the exponents despite many pairing constructions employing them (e.g., Boneh-Boyen signatures, Gentry's IBE, Dodis-Yampolskiy VRF). We demonstrate how to support this essential class of pairing systems for automated exploration. Specifically, we present a solution for automatically generating a verification algorithm with novel support for rational polynomials. The class of verification algorithms we consider in this work is called PPE Circuits (introduced in [HVW20]). Intuitively, a PPE Circuit is a circuit supporting pairing and group operations, which can test whether a set of elements U verifies with respect to a set of elements T. We provide a formalization of the problem, an algorithm for searching for a PPE Circuit supporting rational polynomials, a software implementation, and a detailed performance evaluation. Our implementation was tested on over three dozen schemes, including over ten test cases that our tool can handle, but prior tools could not. For all test cases where a PPE Circuit exists, the tool produced a solution in three minutes or less.
Carbonium ions from alkyl radicals by electron transfer (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonium ions from alkyl radicals by electron transferJ. K. Kochi and A. BemisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 15, 4038–4051Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01017a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01017a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nudgit - Reducing Online News Consumption by Digital Nudges (2022)

Users are increasingly feeling the desire to break free from digital restraints, whether it is the never-ending feeds of social media, the need to always be online, or the flood of breaking real-time news. Without assistance, achieving this goal appears practically unattainable. We developed a prototype application to let users self-regulate their online news consumption to better understand and support them. We investigated whether the prototypical nudges had an effect on how much time the participants (N=5) spent consuming digital news, how frequently they opened the prototype application and their awareness of their news consumption behavior. We demonstrated the potential of employing opening-counter, interceptor-view, and, content filter to help users reduce and become more conscious of their news consumption using the prototype application for two weeks. These insights may aid in the development of future use cases.
Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Video Streaming (2009)

We present a cross-layer approach to the design of a wireless video streaming system, which includes the development of an adaptive radio link buffer and congestion control algorithm and the adoption of the H.264/SVC scalable video format. The proposed system performs a group-of-pictures (GOP) based post-channel adaptation, which does not require the channel status information at the media server. Video packets are prioritized in a GOP-by-GOP manner based on the dependence relation within a GOP. We employ H.264/SVC for the video stream preparation to provide the flexibility and adaptability of compressed video data. The priority information is conveyed in the header extension of the network abstraction layer unit (NALU) of H.264/SVC, which is parsed by a media aware network element (MANE) to realize an efficient transmission and congestion control. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by the computer simulation.