gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A specific collagenase from rabbit fibroblasts in monolayer culture (1974)

1. Explants of rabbit skin and synovium in tissue culture secreted a specific collagenase into their culture media. Primary cultures of fibroblast-like cells, which were obtained from these tissues and maintained in culture for up to 14 subculture passages, also secreted high activities of a specific collagenase into serum-free culture medium. Secretion of enzyme activity from the cell monolayer was at constant rate for over 100h and continued for up to 8 days in serum-free culture medium. The enzymic activity released was proportional to the number of cells in the monolayer. 2. The fibroblast collagenase was maximally active between pH7 and 8. At 24 degrees C the collagenase decreased the viscosity of collagen in solution by 60%. The collagen molecule was cleaved into three-quarters and one-quarter length fragments as demonstrated by electron microscopy of segment-long-spacing crystallites (measured as native collagen molecules aligned with N-termini together along the long axis), and by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the denatured products. The collagenase hydrolysed insoluble collagen, reconstituted collagen fibrils and gelatin, but had no effect on haemoglobin or Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg (where Pz=4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl). 3. The fibroblast collagenase was partially purified by gel filtration and the molecular weight was estimated as 38000. The activity of the partially purified enzyme was stimulated by 4-chloromercuribenzoate, inhibited by EDTA, cysteine, 1,10-phenanthroline and serum, but was unaffected by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate, Tos-LysCH(2)Cl and pepstatin. 4. Long-term cell cultures originating from rabbit skin or synovium from rabbits with experimentally induced arthritis also secreted specific collagenase. Human fibroblasts released only very small amounts of collagenase.
Color image segmentation algorithm: An approach to image segmentation through ellipsoidal clustering and edge detection (2011)

The proposed algorithm approaches color image segmentation though the detection of edges on regions of homogeneous color. Ellipsoidal clustering is performed on the RGB color space through orthogonal regression. Edge detection is performed using a novel non-linear filter resembling a second central moment. Detected edges are binarized resulting in closed regions suitable for region filling. Subsequent region merging produces the final segmented image. The primary contributions of this research are the first two steps of ellipsoidal clustering and color edge detection.
A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF MALTOL, ETHYLMALTOL, AND PYROMECONIC ACID FROM 2-ALKYL-6-METHOXY-2H-PYRAN-3(6H)-ONES (1976)

Abstract The efficient synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-ones, e. g., pyromeconic acid (6a), maltol (6b), and ethyl maltol (6c), from 2-alkyl-4,5-epoxy-6-methoxytetrahydropyran-3-ones 5 by acid-catalyzed rearrangement is described. The key precursors 5 were obtained by epoxidation of 2-alkyl-6-methoxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ones 4, which were synthesized by three steps starting from furfuryl alcohols 1.
Impact of Some Probiotic Bacteria on Flavor and Quality of Novel Cheese Slurry (2021)

Five probiotic strains include Lactococcus lactis IS9, Bifidobacterium breve ISO8, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ISO7, Lactobacillus plantarum Eand Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917were studied to be used as adjunct cultures in cheese-making experiments (cheese slurry). The probiotic strains were assessed for their viability, their resistance to NaCl concentrations and their ability to develop pH and acidity. All the tested strains were used in making cheese slurry. Proteolysis and lipolysis of the cheese slurry were improved in which the proteolytic and lipolytic bacterial counts of fresh cheese slurry reached its highest counts at the end of incubation for 7 days at 40ºC. All the prepared cheese slurry had good acceptable properties during the sensory evaluation. The amino and fatty acids profiles demonstrated that the tested probiotic bacteria could be useful for making cheese slurry. Cheese slurry can be an effective vehicle for delivery of some probiotic organisms with good proteolytic and lipolytic properties to wide variety of cheese types.
Facial movements have over twenty dimensions of perceived meaning that are only partially captured with traditional methods (2021)

Central to science and technology are questions about how to measure facial expression. The current gold standard is the facial action coding system (FACS), which is often assumed to account for all facial muscle movements relevant to perceived emotion. However, the mapping from FACS codes to perceived emotion is not well understood. Six prototypical configurations of facial action units (AU) are sometimes assumed to account for perceived emotion, but this hypothesis remains largely untested. Here, using statistical modeling, we examine how FACS codes actually correspond to perceived emotions in a wide range of naturalistic expressions. Each of 1456 facial expressions was independently FACS coded by two experts (r = .84, κ = .84). Naive observers reported the emotions they perceived in each expression in many different ways, including emotions (N = 666); valence, arousal and appraisal dimensions (N =1116); authenticity (N = 121), and free response (N = 193). We find that facial expressions are much richer in meaning than typically assumed: At least 20 patterns of facial muscle movements captured by FACS have distinct perceived emotional meanings. Surprisingly, however, FACS codes do not offer a complete description of real-world facial expressions, capturing no more than half of the reliable variance in perceived emotion. Our findings suggest that the perceived emotional meanings of facial expressions are most accurately and efficiently represented using a wide range of carefully selected emotion concepts, such as the Cowen &amp;amp; Keltner (2019) taxonomy of 28 emotions. Further work is needed to characterize the anatomical bases of these facial expressions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dimethyl and Diethyl 4‐(Phenylethynyl)‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate. (1987)

Abstract Two different reaction conditions are investigated for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV).
Nurses and Nutraceuticals (2003)

Increasing use of herbal products by the American public should prompt nurses to routinely address herbal use during patient interactions. However, whether nurses possess the knowledge required to discuss risks and benefits of herbal use with patients is unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate registered nurses' knowledge about and use of five common herbal products: ginkgo, St. John's wort, ginseng, garlic, and echinacea. One hundred forty-nine (30%) of 500 randomly selected nurses responded to a mailed questionnaire addressing the frequency of use, purpose, side effects, and interactions of the above products. Most respondents had neither used nor suggested use of the products. Respondents were relatively unfamiliar with product characteristics, although somewhat more familiar with purpose than with side effects or interactions. No knowledge differences were identified according to practice area or number of years in practice, but differences were noted according to educational level and use of specific products.
정선군 고랭지 채소 재배농가 농가경영구조에 관한 연구 (2012)

This study has selected Jeongseon County and analyzed the management structure of highland vegetable growing farm households as the target subject. The result has revealed the major farm family type is a 2 family household (a family-run farm household) and the average population per household is 2.4 people. The average cultivation area of the target subjects is 14.1 ha, and they aggressively expand the managerial scale through lease. The work system of summer chinese cabbage vegetable has shown that there is no trusted farming. The farm households prefer to do the business with the producing area dealers than with the Agricultural Cooperatives.
Overall survival using local excision techniques with and without radiation compared with APR for stage I rectal cancer: A SEER based analysis (2009)

4032 Background: The standard of care for Stage I rectal cancer is radical resection. Increasingly, local therapies have been used to decrease morbidity and preserve sphincter control. Due to increased risk of local recurrence with less radical surgery, patients often receive adjuvant radiation. This analysis compares the outcomes of sphincter sparing treatment with radical surgery in Stage I rectal cancer. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) registry, we performed a query of patients with Stage T1–2N0 (T=4 cm or less) rectal adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2003 who were treated with either local excision alone (LE), local excision followed by radiotherapy (LE+RT) or abdominoperineal resection (APR). APR was selected as comparison group to select for a similar cohort of patients with distal tumors that would be eligible for LE. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare overall survival for patients receiving radical surgery versus local therapy. Subgroup survival analysis was performed by T-stage (T1 vs T2). Results: 2,144 patients were identified: 744 were treated with LE alone, 197 underwent LE+RT, and 1203 underwent APR. Patients undergoing LE ± RT had a median survival (MS) of 131 vs 121 months in the APR group (p=0.574). When comparing LE vs LE+RT, there was no difference in MS for the whole cohort (134 vs 108 months, p=0.39). However, on subgroup analysis there was a significant survival benefit in favor of LE+RT for T2N0 only (104 vs 74 months, p=0.048). For T1N0, the MS for LE+RT was 161 vs 147 months for LE (p=0.621). Comparing with APR, patients undergoing LE+RT had a MS of 108 vs 121 months in the APR group (p=0.684). For T1N0, the MS for LE+RT was 161 vs 153 months for APR (p=0.62). For T2N0 patients, the MS for LE+RT was 104 vs 114 months for APR (p=0.726). Conclusions: According to this analysis, there was no statistical difference in survival for patients with Stage I rectal carcinoma undergoing APR versus LE+RT. Selected patients with T1N0 may undergo local excision alone. However, patients with T2N0 disease should undergo adjuvant radiation after local excision. The risks and benefits of these treatment strategies should be weighed and treatment should be individualized. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Potential of iPSC-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Treating Periodontal Disease (2018)

Mesenchymal stromal cell-like populations have been derived from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSC-MSC) with the capability for tissue regeneration. In this study, murine iPSC underwent differentiation towards an MSC-like immunophenotype. Stable miPSC-MSC cultures expressed the MSC-associated markers, CD73, CD105, and Sca-1, but lacked expression of the pluripotency marker, SSEA1, and hematopoietic markers, CD34 and CD45. Functionally, miPSC-MSC exhibited the potential for trilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes and the capacity to suppress the proliferation of mitogen-activated splenocytes. The efficacy of miPSC-MSC was assessed in an acute inflammation model following systemic or local delivery into mice with subcutaneous implants containing heat-inactivated <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i>. Histological analysis revealed less inflammatory cellular infiltrate within the sponges in mice treated with miPSC-MSC cells delivered locally rather than systemically. Assessment of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse spleens found that CXCL1 transcripts and protein were reduced in mice treated with miPSC-MSC. In a periodontitis model, mice subjected to oral inoculation with <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> revealed less bone tissue destruction and inflammation within the jaws when treated with miPSC-MSC compared to PBS alone. Our results demonstrated that miPSC-MSC derived from iPSC have the capacity to control acute and chronic inflammatory responses associated with the destruction of periodontal tissue. Therefore, miPSC-MSC present a promising novel source of stromal cells which could be used in the treatment of periodontal disease and other inflammatory systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Ultrasound guidance for placement of central venous catheters (1996)

When used for vessel location and catheter placement real-time, ultrasound guidance or Doppler ultrasound guidance improves success rates and decreases the complications associated with internal jugular and subclavian venous catheter placement.
Crossed-beam background-free CARS measurements in a methane diffusion flame (1981)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) obtained radial temperature profiles in a stabilized symmetric methane diffusion flame. O branch data were self-normalized to the nonresonant CARS background using the method of Oudar, Smith, and Shen (1979). Vibrational temperatures were derived from analysis of background-free nitrogen O branch spectra and rotational temperatures were obtained from Q branch measurements.
Efficient genome editing by CRISPR-Mb3Cas12a in mice (2020)

As an alternative and complementary approach to Cas9-based genome editing, Cas12a has not been widely used in mammalian cells largely due to its strict requirement for the TTTV protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Here, we report that Mb3Cas12a (<i>Moraxella bovoculi</i> AAX11_00205) can efficiently edit the mouse genome based on the TTV PAM sequence with minimal numbers of large on-target deletions or insertions. When TTTV PAM sequence-targeting CRISPR (cr)RNAs of 23 nt spacers are used, >70% of the founders obtained are edited. Moreover, the use of Mb3Cas12a tagged to monomeric streptavidin (mSA) in conjunction with biotinylated DNA donor template leads to high knock-in efficiency in two-cell mouse embryos, with 40% of founders obtained containing the desired knock-in sequences.
Simple Relative Sorptivity Model of Petroleum Expulsion (2017)

That the timing of petroleum expulsion from a source rock is strongly influenced or even dominated by expulsion from kerogen has its roots a half-century ago and is very widely accepted. Similarly, solubility and swelling theory is commonly used to explain the compositional differences between retained and expelled oil. This paper proposes and implements a simple sorption–expulsion algorithm based on the twin concepts of maximum sorption capacity and relative sorptivities of lumped chemical classes in immature kerogen and on residual kerogen (semicoke). Sorption capacity as a function of kerogen composition is estimated from published swelling and adsorption data, and relative sorptivities are estimated from several published hydrous and semiopen pyrolysis data sets. The model is implemented in a compositional kinetic simulator, PMod2, which treats open and closed system pyrolysis as well as a relative sorptivity model for geological expulsion. Although not as rigorous as the models based on Flory–Rehner and regular solution theories, the empirical approach used here is more easily calibrated within the context of compositional chemical kinetic models for which the molecular speciation of the lumped species is limited. Improved compositional models are derived for type I (organofacies C) and type II (organofacies B) organic matter, and model calculations are compared to laboratory and field data. Although the models could be improved to agree closer with any given set of data, they generally agree well with experimental results over a very wide range of conditions, including isothermal pyrolysis at 470 °C, slow pyrolysis in both open and closed systems, and the preferential expulsion of hydrocarbons from source rocks.
The Genetics and Genomics of Asthma (2018)

Asthma is a common, clinically heterogeneous disease with strong evidence of heritability. Progress in defining the genetic underpinnings of asthma, however, has been slow and hampered by issues of inconsistency. Recent advances in the tools available for analysis-assaying transcription, sequence variation, and epigenetic marks on a genome-wide scale-have substantially altered this landscape. Applications of such approaches are consistent with heterogeneity at the level of causation and specify patterns of commonality with a wide range of alternative disease traits. Looking beyond the individual as the unit of study, advances in technology have also fostered comprehensive analysis of the human microbiome and its varied roles in health and disease. In this article, we consider the implications of these technological advances for our current understanding of the genetics and genomics of asthma.
An Advanced Thermal Modeling Method for Directly Oil-cooled Traction Motors (2023)

This paper presents an innovative thermal modeling method for directly liquid cooled electrical machines used in automotive applications. The proposed thermal modeling method is based on a combination of analytical finite elements and computational fluid dynamics methods. The methodology used enables fast simulation results which are necessary during the concept development of electrical machines, where high number of concepts and design parameters are needed to be investigated. The short simulation time provides the possibility to run transient simulations where thermal behaviour of an electrical machine in a duty cycle needs to be evaluated. The simulation approach is implemented in the form of an application with user friendly interfaces.
40: PATIENT-SPECIFIC PROGNOSTICATION AFTER TBI IS RELATED TO BLEED PHENOTYPE AND ANATOMIC LOCATION (2019)

Harder, Tyler1; Leary, Owen2; Liu, David1; Merck, Derek3; Wright, David4; Merck, Lisa5 Author Information
Under Pressure? The Effect of Peers on Outcomes of Young Adults (2012)

Teenage peers are perceived as being important, but there is little conclusive evidence demonstrating this. This paper uses data on the population of Norway and idiosyncratic variation in cohort composition within schools to examine the role of peer composition in ninth grade on longer-run outcomes such as IQ scores, teenage childbearing, education, and labor market outcomes. We find that outcomes are influenced by the proportion of females in the grade, and these effects differ by gender. Average age and average mother’s education of peers have little impact on teenagers but average father’s earnings of peers matters for boys.
Polymer Cholesteric Liquid Crystal (PCLC) Flake/Fluid Host Suspensions: A Novel Electro-Optical Medium for Reflective Color Display Applications (2006)

Polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) flake/fluid host suspensions are a new and promising particle display technology for both full-color flexible display applications and electronic paper. Devices containing these polarizing pigments switch rapidly at very low voltages and produce highly saturated, circularly polarized reflectance colors without requiring polarizers or color filters.
Bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillic acid byHalomonas elongataisolated from table-olive fermentation (2006)

Halomonas elongata strain Mar (=CCUG 52759) isolated from table-olive fermentation is the first halophilic bacterium to be shown to transform ferulic acid to vanillic acid under hypersaline conditions. During growth on ferulic acid, this strain was capable of promoting the formation of a significant amount of vanillic acid and trace quantities of vanillin. The products were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Based on the different metabolites identified, an oxidative side chain degradation pathway of ferulic acid bioconversion to vanillic acid was suggested. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that this isolated strain Mar was identified as H. elongata. To increase the formation of vanillic acid, a resting cell method using H. elongata strain Mar was performed. The optimal yield of vanillic acid (86%) was obtained after a 6 h reaction using 5 mM of ferulic acid and 4 g of dry weight of cells L(-1) pregrown on ferulic acid and harvested at the end of the exponential phase.
<title>Achromatization of the diffraction efficiency of diffractive optical elements</title> (1999)

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are characterized by a large negative dispersion. This property can be exploited to correct chromatic aberration in hybrid optical systems. The diffraction efficiency of phase DOEs decreases when the wavelength deviates from the design wavelength. Consequently, DOEs are usually applied only in optical systems where the spectral bandwidth is limited. Thus the dilemma that the chromatic correction capability of the DOE can not be fully exploited in optical systems with large spectral bandwidths where the correction could be most useful. It has been shown that by careful selection of the dispersion properties of two different optical materials it is possible to achromatize the diffraction efficiency of the DOE in a sandwich configuration, Fig. la.1 The dispersion properties of the two materials must be matched such that refractive index change at the interface, An(2), remains proportional to the wavelength, A, i.e.AIzn() = constant. The introduction of a second surface profile removes the above constraint on the dispersion properties of the materials. Such an approach has been described where an air gap has been inserted between the two materials and the depth of the surface profile for each material are optimized to minimize the variation of the phase modulation with wavelength, Fig. lb.2 Better performance can be achieved by placing the second surface relief on the exterior of one of the sandwiched materials, Fig. ic. The advantages are reduced shadowing effect, less Fresnel reflection losses, and much better fabrication tolerances. Furthermore, the second surface profile has removed the materials limitation. Materials that are much better suited to fabrication can be used, thus allowing for mass fabrication at reduced costs.
Mechanism of Hierarchical Porosity Development in MFI Zeolites by Desilication: The Role of Aluminium as a Pore‐Directing Agent (2005)

The role of the concentration and the nature of aluminium in the creation of hierarchical porosity in both commercial and synthesized MFI zeolites have been investigated through controlled mesoporosity development by desilication in alkaline medium. Framework aluminium controls the process of framework silicon extraction and makes desilication selective towards intracrystalline mesopore formation. An optimal molar Si/Al ratio in the range 25-50 has been identified; this leads to an optimal mesoporosity centred around 10 nm and mesopore surface areas of up to 235 m(2) g(-1) while preserving the intrinsic crystalline and acidic properties. At lower framework Si/Al ratios the relatively high Al content inhibits Si extraction and hardly any mesopores are created, while in highly siliceous ZSM-5 unselective extraction of framework Si induces formation of large pores. The existence of framework Al sites in different T positions that are more or less susceptible to the alkaline treatment, and the occurrence of re-alumination, are tentative explanations for the remarkable behaviour of Al in the desilication process. The presence of substantial extra framework Al, obtained by steam treatment, inhibits Si extraction and related mesopore formation; this is attributed to re-alumination of the extraframework Al species during the alkaline treatment. Removal of extraframework Al species by mild oxalic acid treatment restores susceptibility to desilication, which is accompanied by formation of larger mesopores due to the enhanced Si/Al ratio in the acid-treated zeolite.
Solutions of Nonelectrolytes (1972)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More