gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical interface message processor for fiber-optic communication networks (1990)

Optical technology has become a significant part of communication networks. We propose an optical interface message processor (OPTIMP) that exploits high bandwidth, parallelism, multidimensional capability, and high storage density. The most time-consuming operations in communication networks, such as switching and routing, are performed in the optical domain in the proposed system. Furthermore, the OPTIMP does not suffer from optical/electrical conversion bottle-necks and can perform switching and routing in the range of gigabits/s. OPTIMP has three main functional modules: a timespace conversion module, a parallel search and routing look-up table, and an optically controlled switching module. The sourcedestination (SD) information from a message is first converted to the spatial domain. The routing table stores all SD codes and the corresponding control codes for the switching module. The SD code serves as a microprogrammed instruction (similar to that in processor designs). The routing table is searched in parallel (single step) by means of a cylindrical system, and control signals corresponding to the matched S-D row from the table are used to control the switching network. Based on the SEED array technology, the switching module can be reconfigured in gigahertz range and can provide high bandwidth. The proposed design can have significant application to high-speed communication networks as well as to high-speed interconnection networks for parallel computers.
Analysis and minimization of torque ripple for variable flux reluctance machines (2017)

Variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) are permanent-magnet-free three-phase machines and are promising candidates for applications requiring low cost and robustness. This paper studies the torque ripple and minimization methods for 12-stator VFRMs. Starting with the analysis of harmonics in the self and mutual inductances of field and armature windings, instantaneous torque equations are derived by virtual work method, which give a clear view on the dominated torque ripple components in VFRMs. Afterwards, the influences of motor topology on harmonics of the inductances as well as the torque ripple are investigated, such as number of rotor poles and tooth arc, etc. On the basis of the aforementioned analysis, harmonic injections in field current and armature current are analyzed for torque ripple reduction. The effectiveness of these two methods is investigated for non-saturated and saturated 12/10 VFRMs based on 2D finite element analysis. The results show good performance of torque ripple minimization by harmonic armature current injection.
Osteocyte RANKL is required for cortical bone loss with age and is induced by senescence (2020)

In aging mice, osteoclast number increases in cortical bone but declines in trabecular bone, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie age-associated bone loss in these 2 compartments. Osteocytes produce the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL, encoded by Tnfsf11. Tnfsf11 mRNA increases in cortical bone of aged mice, suggesting a mechanism underlying the bone loss. To address this possibility, we aged mice lacking RANKL in osteocytes. Whereas control mice lost cortical bone between 8 and 24 months of age, mice lacking RANKL in osteocytes gained cortical bone during this period. Mice of both genotypes lost trabecular bone with age. Osteoclasts increased with age in cortical bone of control mice but not in RANKL conditional knockout mice. Induction of cellular senescence increased RANKL production in murine and human cell culture models, suggesting an explanation for elevated RANKL levels with age. Overexpression of the senescence-associated transcription factor Gata4 stimulated Tnfsf11 expression in cultured murine osteoblastic cells. Finally, elimination of senescent cells from aged mice using senolytic compounds reduced Tnfsf11 mRNA in cortical bone. Our results demonstrate the requirement of osteocyte-derived RANKL for age-associated cortical bone loss and suggest that increased Tnfsf11 expression with age results from accumulation of senescent cells in cortical bone.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2,5‐Linked Bis‐tetrahydrofurans via the Triepoxide Cascade Reaction. (1986)

Abstract A complementary set of stereochemically controlled approaches to the preparation of twelve diastereomeric bis‐tetrahydrofurans (Ia)‐(If) and (IIa)‐(IIf) is described.
External fixator-augmented flexible intramedullary nailing of an unstable pediatric femoral shaft fracture model: a biomechanical study (2019)

The objective of this study was to test the compressive strength and torsional stiffness provided by the addition of a two-pin external fixator to an unstable pediatric femoral shaft fracture model after being instrumented with flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN), and to compare this to bridge plating and FIMN alone. A length-unstable oblique diaphyseal fracture was created in 15 pediatric sized small femur models. Fracture stabilization was achieved by three constructs: standard retrograde FIMN with two 3.5-mm titanium (Ti) nails (Group 1), FIMN augmented with a two-pin external fixator (Group 2), and a 4.5-mm bridge plate (Group 3). Groups I and II were tested in 10 cycles of axial rotation to 10° in both directions at 0.1 Hz under 36 kg of compression. Torsional stiffness was calculated. Compressive strength was calculated by applying an axial load of 5 mm/min until failure was encountered. Failure was defined as the force required to achieve 10° varus at the fracture site or shortening of 2 cm. Group II demonstrated a greater compressive strength compared to Group I (1067.32 N vs 453.49 N, P < 0.001). No significant difference in torsional stiffness was found between Groups I and II (0.45 vs 0.38 Nm/deg, P = 0.18). Group III showed superior compressive strength and rotational stiffness compared to Groups I and II. In an unstable pediatric femoral shaft fracture model, augmenting FIMN with a two-pin external fixator increased the compressive strength by 147%, but did not increase torsional stiffness. Bridge plating with a 4.5-mm plate provided superior compressive strength and torsional stiffness.
First results of a neutral beam probe for space potential measurements of low temperature plasmas (2013)

A Neutral Beam Probe (NBP) has been developed for measuring the space potential of the Helimak low temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ~ 10 eV) plasma experiment; the NBP is a variation on the well known Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP). The NBP consists of a Na ion beam that was chopped (modulated) before entering a heat pipe neutralizer consisting of Cs vapor; the beam next enters a toroidal magnetic field region where the probing atoms are ionized; the Na ions then follow a path to a calibrated energy analyzer. The calibration and first results have been obtained and are presented. The Texas Helimak experiment approximates a sheared cylindrical slab intended to study turbulent-driven transport. The dominant magnetic field is toroidal with a weak vertical component. Vertical propagation of turbulence in Helimak is on the order of 1000 m/s and radial electric fields are thought to play a strong role. The NBP is capable of radial potential measurements, shedding light on sheared flow turbulence. Heavy ion beam probing of low temperature plasmas is difficult because the signal depends on electron impact ionization of the probing beam. With low electron temperature and density (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ), the signal expected was in the range of 1-10 nA, and the pure electronics noise was ~ 2 nA (rms). Because of the very low signal levels that were expected, a phase-sensitive signal processing scheme was implemented to recover the signal from the noise. The modulation was initially implemented as a triangular sweep in order to locate the signal. Once found, an on-off modulation scheme was implemented to increase total signal strength. The detected signal and interpretation are presented along with noise characterization.
Investigation on reconfigurable THz bowtie antenna based on graphene (2015)

A reconfigurable THz graphene-based bowtie antenna is investigated in this paper. Firstly, graphene conductivity model is presented and its unique tunable property for reconfigurable antenna is studied in this paper. The resonance frequency and antenna gain at the frequency are simulated and turn to be tunable. The graphene-based antenna is seen as a vital component in future communication system.
Spatially Inhomogeneous Poisson Model of Rainfall across Australia (2008)

This paper presents an inhomogeneous Poisson model of rainfall where storms occur with variable probability over a region and each storm has a random lifetime, areal extent and intensity. An inverse problem is formulated to determine the probability surface of storm arrivals and the surface of storm properties. The model is calibrated to monthly rainfall data grided over the Australian continent. Seasonality is accounted for by using separate parameters for each month.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Putative Predictive Biomarkers of Survival in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with Gemcitabine and Ganitumab, an IGF1R Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 26K, Receiver Operator Characteristic Analysis for circulating biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;
The evolution of concerted evolution (1998)

Concerted evolution is a consequence of processes that convert copies of a gene in a multigene family into the same copy. Here we ask whether this homogenization may be adaptive. Analysis of a modifier of homogenization reveals (1) that the trait is most likely to spread if interactions between deleterious mutations are not strongly synergistic; (2) that selection on the modifier is of the order of the mutation rate, hence the modifier is most likely to be favoured by selection when the species has a large effective population size and/or if the modifier affects many genes simultaneously; and (3) that linkage between the genes in the family, and between these genes and the modifier, makes invasion of the modifier easier, suggesting that selection may favour multigene families being in clustered arrays. It follows from the first conclusion that genes for which mutations may often be dominant or semi–dominant should undergo concerted evolution more commonly than others. By analysis of the mouse knockout database, we show that mutations affecting growth–related genes are more commonly associated with dominant lethality than expected by chance. We predict then that selection will favour homogenization of such genes, and possibly others that are significantly dosage dependent, more often than it favours homogenization in other genes. The first condition is almost the opposite of that required for the maintenance of sexual reproduction according to the mutation–deterministic theory. The analysis here therefore suggests that sexual organisms can simultaneously minimize both the effects of deleterious, strongly synergistically, interacting mutations and those that interact either weakly synergistically, multiplicatively, or antagonistically, assuming the latter class belong to a multicopy gene family. Recombination and an absence of homogenization are efficient in purging deleterious mutations in the former class, homogenization and an absence of recombination are efficient at minimizing the costs imposed by the latter classes.
Application of M13 phage display for identifying immunogenic proteins from tick (Ixodes scapularis) saliva (2015)

An immunogenic protein of I. scapularis was identified by oligopeptide phage display. MP1 is a potential candidate for vaccine development.
Alkali-catalysed alkoxy exchange, alcohol elimination, and hydrolysis of acetals having a dissociable α-proton (1977)

S. Antus, F. Boross and M. Nógrádi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 333 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000333
Relaciones suelo-vegetacion de la navarra humeda del noroeste. Estudio floristico-ecologico (1978)

Se han estudiado en la montana de navarra la flora los suelos y la vegetacion. En especial las correlaciones existentes entre los factores abioticos (medio edafico) clima topografia etc.) y las comunidades vegetales definidas por el metodo fitosociologico de braun-blanquet. Del estudio floristico de 10.000 pliegos se han determinado 1.600 especies y subespecies de las cuales 132 han resultado ser novedades que anadimos al catalogo provincial. Para cada taxon se describe su comportamiento ecologico y sociologico a nivel regional. Se esboza su corologia comarcal y provincial se senalan las citas anteriores y las formas mas sobresalientes observadas. Se han reconocido 26 asociaciones vegetales 8 son nuevas para navarra asi como una alianza y una subalianza. Los suelos se tipificaron segun la sistematica francesa. Se establecen las equivalencias con la f.A.O. Y vii aproximacion u.S.A. Las correlaciones entre las entidades fitosociologicas y los suelos permiten deducir la dinamica de sustitucion de unas por otras establecer cliseries y catenas altitudinales.
Increased Cardio-ankle Vascular Index in Hyperlipidemic Patients without Diabetes or Hypertension (2014)

The present findings demonstrated that dyslipidemia increases the CAVI values in comparison to that seen in healthy subjects.
OR14I1 is a receptor for the human cytomegalovirus pentameric complex and defines viral epithelial cell tropism (2019)

A human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pentameric glycoprotein complex (PC), gH-gL-UL128-UL130-UL131A, is necessary for viral infection of clinically relevant cell types, including epithelial cells, which are important for interhost transmission and disease. We performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens of different cell types in parallel to identify host genes specifically required for HCMV infection of epithelial cells. This effort identified a multipass membrane protein, OR14I1, as a receptor for HCMV infection. This olfactory receptor family member is required for HCMV attachment, entry, and infection of epithelial cells and is dependent on the presence of viral PC. OR14I1 is required for AKT activation and mediates endocytosis entry of HCMV. We further found that HCMV infection of epithelial cells is blocked by a synthetic OR14I1 peptide and inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Identification of OR14I1 as a PC-dependent HCMV host receptor associated with epithelial tropism and the role of the adenylate cyclase/PKA/AKT-mediated signaling pathway in HCMV infection reveal previously unappreciated targets for the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Prognostic Impact of Natural Killer Cell Count in Follicular Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients Treated with Immunochemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Distribution of baseline peripheral blood NKCCa in FL and DLBCL patients for the GALLIUM and GOYAb ITT populations (A) and by COO subtype in DLBCL (B).&lt;/p&gt;
Simple task elimination and training outcome in an amalgam carving procedure. (1977)

President McKinley, as a young boy, attempts to light the fuse to a fireworks-rocket labeled "Prosperity" using "McKinley Administration Matches" during a rain storm beneath dark clouds labeled "Tariff for Trusts."
The Effect of Magnetic Domains on the Measurement of the Magnetocaloric effect (2014)

We discuss how magnetic domains influence the magnetic entropy change calculated from magnetisation data. In a simple qualitative model we show that the effect is to change the shape of the apparent isothermal entropy change curve compared to the true curve determined by the entropy. We further show that failure to correct for the magnetostatic demagnetisation will augment the apparent effect of domains.
The wall of safety for AI: approaches in the confiance.ai program (2022)

International audience
NMR spectra of chiral smectic liquid crystals differing in helical parameters (2018)

Chiral liquid crystals with three-ring rigid core were examined. The method based on the selectively reflected light was used to determine the helical pitch. The helical twist sense was worked out using the polarimetry method. 1H and 13C NMR measurements were performed. The influence of three molecular structure parameters: the type of chiral centre, the length of non-chiral chain and substitution of benzene ring by fluorine atoms, on helical pitch, handedness of helical structure and values of chemical shift in proton and carbon spectra was determined. The change of the length of non-chiral terminal chain has the most significant influence on the temperature dependence of helical pitch. All tested parameters have the biggest influence on the values of chemical shift of atoms in the chiral centre.
Rapid enlargement of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm after Guglielmi detachable coil treatment of ipsilateral carotid artery aneurysms. (2002)

This case illustrates rapid aneurysm enlargement, presumably due to altered hemodynamics resulting from endovascular treatment of aneurysms on the same artery. We postulate that increased hemodynamic force directed to the inflow zone of the posterior communicating artery aneurysm was caused by the treatment of the two ophthalmic artery aneurysms. Originally, many of the flow vectors may have been directed into the larger ophthalmic segment aneurysm, located on the outside of the curve of the internal carotid artery. After treatment, flow may have been directed more smoothly around the carotid siphon and into the posterior communicating artery aneurysm.
Transgenic mice expressing both human apolipoprotein B and human CETP have a lipoprotein cholesterol distribution similar to that of normolipidemic humans. (1995)

Transgenic mice expressing both human apolipoprotein (apo) B and human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) have been developed. When fed a normal mouse chow diet, the apoB/CETP double transgenic animals had threefold higher serum CETP activity than humans and had human apoB levels that were similar to those of normolipidemic humans. When compared with nontransgenic mice, the total serum cholesterol levels in the female apoB/CETP transgenic animals were increased significantly. Serum HDL cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in both male and female apoB/CETP transgenic animals. The percentages of the total cholesterol within the HDL, LDL, and VLDL fractions of the apoB/CETP animals were approximately 30%, 65%, and 5%, respectively, similar to the distribution of cholesterol in the plasma of normolipidemic humans. Thus, by expressing both human apoB and human CETP, the lipoprotein cholesterol distribution in the serum of a chow-fed mouse was transformed into one that resembles a human profile.
Evolution and oncological outcomes of a contemporary radical prostatectomy practice in a UK regional tertiary referral centre (2016)

This study suggests that the patient profile for RALP in our unit is changing, with increasing proportions of higher stage and more advanced disease being referred and operated on. However, surgical margin outcomes have remained good.
Adult Hemoglobin Synthesis by Reticulocytes from the Human Fetus at Midtrimester (1971)

The synthesis of adult-type hemoglobin was measured in small samples of peripheral blood cells from 9- to 18-week human fetuses. Hemoglobin indistinguishable from hemoglobin A was identified by ion-exchange chromatography, electrophoresis at pH 8.6, tryptic peptide analysis, and the insensitivity of its synthesis to the action of O-methylthreonine. Synthesis of hemoglobin A accounted for 8 to 14 percent of total hemoglobin synthesis and was demonstrated in as little as 10 microliters of fetal blood. These studies provide sensitive methods for the detection of beta chain types in hemoglobin synthesized by the human fetus at midtrimester. If methods to obtain small quantities of fetal blood at midtrimester become available, these techniques should be applicable to the antenatal detection of sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies.
(2-Pyridyl)iminopropadienone (1999)

(2-Pyridyl)iminopropadienone 13 is generated by flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of 2-substituted pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones 9 and observed by IR spectroscopy. Addition of HCl to 13 causes reversion to the starting material 9b, whereas addition of nucleophiles leads to malonic acid imide derivatives (23, 24, 26, 27, 28). The latter undergo thermal elimination of amines to regenerate 2-substituted pyridopyrimidinones. A competing retro-ene reaction occurs on FVT of 2-(dialkylamino)pyridopyrimidinones 9c,d, presumably in the oxoketenimine intermediates 22/25, with formation of the unsubstituted pyridopyrimidinone 31.
Reconstruction of 3D Structures From Protein Contact Maps (2008)

The prediction of the protein tertiary structure from solely its residue sequence (the so called Protein Folding Problem) is one of the most challenging problems in Structural Bioinformatics. We focus on the protein residue contact map. When this map is assigned it is possible to reconstruct the 3D structure of the protein backbone. The general problem of recovering a set of 3D coordinates consistent with some given contact map is known as a unit-disk-graph realization problem and it has been recently proven to be NP-Hard. In this paper we describe a heuristic method (COMAR) that is able to reconstruct with an unprecedented rate (3-15 seconds) a 3D model that exactly matches the target contact map of a protein. Working with a non-redundant set of 1760 proteins, we find that the scoring efficiency of finding a 3D model very close to the protein native structure depends on the threshold value adopted to compute the protein residue contact map. Contact maps whose threshold values range from 10 to 18 Angstroms allow reconstructing 3D models that are very similar to the proteins native structure.
Nasal Mucociliary Transport: New Evidence for a Key Role of Ciliary Beat Frequency (2002)

The present study demonstrates a significant similarity in the effects of NaCl and salbutamol on ciliary beat frequency in vitro and on mucociliary transport in vivo. The evidence from our experiments suggests that ciliary beat frequency is a determining factor in the mucociliary transport rate in the nose.