gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of D-glucose to L-glucose: oxidative decarboxylation of .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acids via their diacyl peroxides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of D-glucose to L-glucose: oxidative decarboxylation of .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acids via their diacyl peroxidesMasao ShiozakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2, 528–532Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00002a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views862Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (665 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Mixed Reality Approach for Merging Abstract and Concrete Knowledge (2008)

Mixed reality's (MR) ability to merge real and virtual spaces is applied to merging different knowledge types, such as abstract and concrete knowledge. To evaluate whether the merging of knowledge types can benefit learning, MR was applied to an interesting problem in anesthesia machine education. The virtual anesthesia machine (VAM) is an interactive, abstract 2D transparent reality simulation of the internal components and invisible gas flows of an anesthesia machine. It is widely used in anesthesia education. However when presented with an anesthesia machine, some students have difficulty transferring abstract VAM knowledge to the concrete real device. This paper presents the augmented anesthesia machine (AAM). The AAM applies a magic-lens approach to combine the VAM simulation and a real anesthesia machine. The AAM allows students to interact with the real anesthesia machine while visualizing how these interactions affect the internal components and invisible gas flows in the real world context. To evaluate the AAM's learning benefits, a user study was conducted. Twenty participants were divided into either the VAM (abstract only) or AAM (concrete <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> abstract) conditions. The results of the study show that MR can help users bridge their abstract and concrete knowledge, thereby improving their knowledge transfer into real world domains.
Get Rid Of Your Trail: Remotely Erasing Backdoors in Federated Learning (2023)

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative deep learning training across multiple participants without exposing sensitive personal data. However, the distributed nature of FL and the unvetted participants' data makes it vulnerable to backdoor attacks. In these attacks, adversaries inject malicious functionality into the centralized model during training, leading to intentional misclassifications for specific adversary-chosen inputs. While previous research has demonstrated successful injections of persistent backdoors in FL, the persistence also poses a challenge, as their existence in the centralized model can prompt the central aggregation server to take preventive measures to penalize the adversaries. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology that enables adversaries to effectively remove backdoors from the centralized model upon achieving their objectives or upon suspicion of possible detection. The proposed approach extends the concept of machine unlearning and presents strategies to preserve the performance of the centralized model and simultaneously prevent over-unlearning of information unrelated to backdoor patterns, making the adversaries stealthy while removing backdoors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that explores machine unlearning in FL to remove backdoors to the benefit of adversaries. Exhaustive evaluation considering image classification scenarios demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method in efficient backdoor removal from the centralized model, injected by state-of-the-art attacks across multiple configurations.
Improving the Accuracy of Cycle Time Estimation for Simulation in Volatile Manufacturing Execution Environments (2017)

The paper introduces a decision support architecture with an integrated, self-building simulation module for the validation of the calculated manufacturing capacities and analysis of the effect of possible actions in volatile manufacturing environments.The paper addresses the simulation module in which an effective filtering algorithm is proposed for cleaning cycle time log data provided by a Manufacturing Execution System (MES), as necessary input for simulating manufacturing processes.The main functionalities and advantages are highlighted by a real industrial case study.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH FORMIC ACID. PART 2. FORMOHYDRAZIDES BY AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION (1981)

Abstract Beim Mischen von Hydrazinderivaten mit Ameisensäure stellt sich ein Gleichgewicht mit Formohydraziden und Wasser ein, das durch Entfernen von Wasser zu den Formohydraziden hin verschoben wird.
Production of colony-stimulating factor by sarcoid granulomas in vitro. (1987)

To examine whether sarcoid epithelioid cells of granulomatous lesions produce colony-stimulating factor (CSF), a growth factor of monocyte-macrophage series, the primary culture of sarcoid epithelioid cells was carried out from 16 biopsied lymph nodes which contained sarcoid granulomas, CSF activity was demonstrated at high titer in the conditioned media from all the epithelioid cell cultures. The conditioned medium of the epithelioid cell culture was harvested, concentrated by Amicon YM-10 membrane, and loaded on a Sephadex G-75 column. Two distinct peaks of CSF activity were noted just before and after bovine serum albumin region. The molecular weights were estimated at about 75,000 and 36,000, respectively. Both CSF fractions stimulated colony formation by murine bone marrow cells. The lower molecular weight CSF was active on human bone marrow cells, but the higher molecular weight CSF did not stimulate colony formation by human bone marrow cells.
North Korean External Economic Policies and Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation (1999)

This study focuses on an analysis of North Korea's external economic policy changes, and the present status and distinctive features of inter-Korean economic cooperation. North Korea is in a dilemma situation between the necessity of renewing its economic development strategy and the risk of weakening the basic principles of its system by an economic opening policy. In any case, North Korea is least expected to launch into an all-out external economic opening, but it will rather adopt, if at all, a policy of a “system-defending opening” than a “reform-oriented opening.” As a result, inter-Korean economic exchanges and cooperation also will be developed within the category of such a limited opening.
Fuzzy partitions for texture modelling adapted to the subjectivity of human perception (2016)

Visual textures in images are usually described by humans using linguistic terms related to their perceptual properties, like “very coarse”, “low directional”, or “high contrasted”. However, the presence of these properties in images is very difficult to characterize due to their imprecision, and, moreover, because their perception may change depending on the user. In this paper, we propose an adaptive fuzzy approach for texture modelling, that allows to describe it in natural language, and takes into account the subjectivity of the human perception. For this purpose, a methodology in two phases has been proposed. First, non-adaptive fuzzy partitions, that represent the average human perception about the presence of the texture properties, are obtained. For this modelling, a perception-based fuzzy technique have been used. In a second phase, the obtained fuzzy sets are adapted in order to model the particular perception that a user may have. For this purpose, the membership functions are automatically transformed on the basic of the information given by the user to represent his perception.
Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology (2012)

This article is written from an organic chemist's point of view and provides an up-to-date review about organic solar cells based on small molecules or oligomers as absorbers and in detail deals with devices that incorporate planar-heterojunctions (PHJ) and bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) between a donor (p-type semiconductor) and an acceptor (n-type semiconductor) material. The article pays particular attention to the design and development of molecular materials and their performance in corresponding devices. In recent years, a substantial amount of both, academic and industrial research, has been directed towards organic solar cells, in an effort to develop new materials and to improve their tunability, processability, power conversion efficiency, and stability. On the eve of commercialization of organic solar cells, this review provides an overview over efficiencies attained with small molecules/oligomers in OSCs and reflects materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. Approaches to enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells are analyzed.
REBCO FCL Modelling: Influence of Local Critical Current Non-Uniformities on Overall Behavior for Various Tape Architectures (2014)

REBCO Coated Conductors with very good characteristics are now easily available in hundreds of meter lengths. Their use for resistive fault current limiter applications is constrained by the variations of the critical current density along the length, which may lead to the appearance of destructive hotspot under ohmic fault conditions. In this paper, we present a light 1D model of Coated Conductor FCL that take into account the critical current density variations along the length, assuming a homogenous temperature in the tape cross section. This assumption is discussed by comparing simulation results for a case of quench propagation under constant current with those obtained with a more refined 2D model. The new 1D model is then compared to small scale experiments of DC FCL with very short transient. Finally it is used to study the influence of tape architecture on the behavior of a MW-class DC Fault Current Limiter with critical current non-uniformities and select a suitable candidate architecture for the realization of such device.
Applied Microsoft® .NET Framework Programming (2002)

From the Publisher:
This title takes advanced developers and software designers under the covers of .NET to provide them with an in-depth understanding of its structure, functions, and operational components so they can create high-performance applications for .NET more easily and efficiently. Developers learn to program .NET applications while gaining a solid understanding of fundamental .NET design tenets. This title not only covers the infrastructure and architecture of .NET in-depth but also shows developers the most practical ways to apply that knowledge.

Create high-performance applications quickly and efficiently armed with this book's in-depth coverage of the Microsoft .NET Framework.


* Takes advanced developers and software designers under the covers of the .NET Framework to provide a solid understanding of how it and why it works as it does.

* Shows developers the rationale behind design choices they must make when building applications within the .NET platform.

* Helps developers solve complex problems and troubleshoot better by providing insights into the inner workings of the .NET Framework.
Investigation of Backbone-Pendant Interactions in theConducting Redox Polymer (2016)

Conducting redox polymers (CRP) consist of a conducting polymer (CP) backbone with redox active molecules as pendant groups (PG), which have been suggested as active electrode materials in sustaina ...
RECURRENCE OF DESMOID TUMOR IN A MULTIVISCERAL TRANSPLANT PATIENT WITH GARDNER'S SYNDROME (1999)

Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation could be considered in patients with short-gut syndrome caused by recurrent desmoid tumor. In the case of posttransplant tumor recurrence, resection is the only option recommended.
Enzymatic Degumming of Silk with Microbial Proteases (2013)

Degumming of Chinese bivoltine silk with alkaline proteases from various microbial sources was investigated and compared with commercial enzymes. Among the proteases tested, two fungal and two actinomycete proteases were promising, which showed weight loss similar to conventional method (19.58% to 21.78%). Conidiobolus brefeldianus and BOA-2 proteases were best enzymes, which showed weight loss similar to conventional method with low enzyme concentrations and in shorter time. No significant differences were found in tensile strength or elongation at break by enzymatic degumming indicating that there was no damage to the fiber. Scanning electron micrographs showed the sericin deposits were removed and the fibers were separated.
BioBanking as the central tool for translational medicine CTM issue 2013 (2013)

THE IMPACT OF MAPPING THE HUMAN PROTEOME: Globally, the health care organizations are under resource and cost constrains due to the increasing number of patients that are due to a fast increase of the 65+ age group requiring extensive medical hospitalization and treatments. Hospitals worldwide strive to seek the best cure for patients, suffering from various diseases. A consequence of these global changes, of healthy populations in relation to patients forms the basis for the build of large and centralized biobank facilities, with strategies where the search for an understanding of diseases at a molecular level is at heart. The efforts made lies within large governmental resource allocations where patient centers are collecting samples from clinical study participants in order to try to discover universal expression patterns and molecular signatures of disease and disease stages. Most developments in this area are aimed towards the discovery, and understanding diagnosis implementations. By providing the right treatment alternatives for patients care, at the right time point i.e., at a given disease stage development becomes a major goal where pharmaceutical industry, academia and the health care sector joins forces in large clinical epidemiological, population-, and disease based studies. This becomes a clear strategic link to the enhancement and prospects for personalized medicines and target directed diagnosis developments (Companion Diagnostics), which require coordinated efforts across a wide range of disciplines. Currently, companion diagnostics is at the core of the personalized medicine paradigm shift. It will identify patients who are most likely to benefit from a particular therapeutic product, as well as identify patients likely to be at increased risk for serious adverse reactions as a result of treatment with a particular therapeutic agent. It is predicted that more than half of all new drugs will require a companion diagnostic, which opens up for an endeavor for Proteomics research implementations.
Uniform Cooling Air Flow During Computer Maintenance and Operation. (1959)

Many designs have recently evolved for cooling digital equipments. The Sylvania Waltham Laboratories, in building the Universal Digital Operational Flight Trainer, UDOFT, has developed a cooling method applicable to many systems. Every designer is faced with the dilemma of obtaining an optimum balance between ease of testing finished equipment and ease of construction testing of the first engineering system. In the cooling plan used in UDOFT, both types of test work as well as system operation maintenance can be accomplished without disturbing the air-flow path over the many small plug-in packages which contain the computer circuitry. Any package, or all packages, can be removed from their respective slots and all remaining packages will still receive the same constant air supply. This is accomplished without any moving flow-control devices and without gasketing seals. The hot-spot temperature of the electron tubes and other heat sensitive parts is controlled by maintaining a known, fixed air flow through each individual package. This arrangement provides optimum thermal control of the system, thereby improving both component and total system reliability.
Identification of Novel Pathways Regulated by APE1/Ref-1 in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells (2023)

APE1/Ref-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1 or APEX1; redox factor-1, Ref-1) is a dual-functional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair, reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling, and RNA processing and metabolism. The redox function of Ref-1 regulates several transcription factors, such as NF-κB, STAT3, HIF-1α, and others, which have been implicated in multiple human diseases, including ocular angiogenesis, inflammation, and multiple cancers. To better understand how APE1 influences these disease processes, we investigated the effects of <i>APEX1</i> knockdown (KD) on gene expression in human retinal endothelial cells. This abolishes both DNA repair and redox signaling functions, as well as RNA interactions. Using RNA-seq analysis, we identified the crucial signaling pathways affected following <i>APEX1</i> KD, with subsequent validation by qRT-PCR. Gene expression data revealed that multiple genes involved in DNA base excision repair, other DNA repair pathways, purine or pyrimidine metabolism signaling, and histidine/one carbon metabolism pathways were downregulated by <i>APEX1</i> KD. This is in contrast with the alteration of pathways by <i>APEX1</i> KD in human cancer lines, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, lung, HeLa, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. These results highlight the unique role of APE1/Ref-1 and the clinical therapeutic potential of targeting APE1 and pathways regulated by APE1 in the eye. These findings provide novel avenues for ocular neovascularization treatment.
Lateral Distribution of Charged Species along a Polyelectrolyte Probed with a Fluorescence Blob Model (2012)

The distribution of metal counterions binding onto the oppositely charged surface of a model polyelectrolyte, namely, DNA, was characterized by conducting fluorescence quenching experiments. In these experiments, DNA was used as a molecular ruler to measure the average distance (dblob) over which electron transfer takes place between DNA-intercalated ethidium bromide (DNA-EB) and the electrostatically bound divalent metal cations Ni2+ and Cu2+. Analysis of the fluorescence decays of DNA-EB quenched by Cu2+ and Ni2+ with the fluorescence blob model showed that dblob was equal to the Debye length (κ–1). This surprisingly simple result considering the overall complexity of the system under study led to the straightforward proposal that counterions bind to a polyelectrolyte by distributing themselves randomly into an array of self-defined subdomains of dimension κ–1. In turn, this insight can be utilized to rationalize the complex behavior of polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution.
Per-survivor iterative timing recovery for coded partial response channels (2005)

We propose a new iterative timing recovery scheme based on per-survivor processing that jointly performs timing recovery and turbo equalization on partial response channels with error-correction codes. The scheme embeds the timing recovery process inside the Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek, and Raviv (BCJR) equalizer, using per-survivor processing. This per-survivor BCJR equalizer then iteratively exchanges soft information with an error-correction decoder. Results indicate that the proposed scheme yields a better performance than a conventional receiver that performs timing recovery and turbo equalization separately, especially when the channel encounters severe timing jitter noise. We also present evidence that suggests that the proposed scheme can correct a cycle slip much more efficiently than the others.
A reappraisal of surgical management for squamous cell carcinoma in the pharyngoesophageal junction (2006)

An aggressive surgical approach with total PLE in conjunction with adjuvant radiotherapy represents a feasible option for treatment of advanced SCC simultaneously involving the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus, given the major tumor localization in the hypopharynx. On the other hand, radical surgery for those with major esophageal localization or with tumor size larger than 5 cm yielded ominous results and warrants further justification.
Attack Surface Analysis of Permissioned Blockchain Platforms for Smart Cities (2018)

In this paper, we explore the attack surfaces in open source permissioned blockchain project Hyperledger Fabric that can be exploited and compromised through cryptographic tactics. Attacks such as insider threats, DNS attacks, private key attacks, and certificate authority (CA) attacks are proposed and discussed. Points in transaction flow where the proposed attacks are threats to the permissioned blockchain are specified and analyzed. Key management systems are discussed, and a deep analysis of Hierarchical Deterministic wallets is conducted. The Membership Service Provider (MSP) proves to be a centralizing aspect of an otherwise decentralized system and proves to be a weakness of the permissioned blockchain network.
Reduced-state Viterbi differential detection using a recursively estimated phase reference for M-ary DPSK (1995)

The reduced-state Viterbi algorithm (VA), with feedback incorporated into the structure of path metric computations is presented for the differential detection of M-ary DPSK signals. The number of states in the trellis of the VA is reduced to M, and the phase reference used for differential detection is estimated recursively for each state in the trellis, along the surviving path ending in each state. The proposed differential detection is called reduced-state Viterbi differential detection (RSV DD). The most simple form of RSV DD, decision feedback DD (DF DD), is also derived. It allows only a single path to survive, so that a symbol-by-symbol decision is made. The BER performances possible with the proposed RSV DD and DF DD schemes are evaluated by means of computer simulations for 4DPSK transmission over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels.
Light extraction process in moth‐eye structure (2006)

Abstract We theoretically calculated the light extraction efficiency of the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a moth‐eye structure by rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). The dependences of light extraction efficiency on aspect ratio and period were measured. Light extraction efficiency was almost constant until the period of 170 nm and then gradually decreased with increasing of period. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)