gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Dynamic Model for Aggressive, Near-Limits Trajectory Planning (2017)

In normal on-road situations, autonomous vehicles will be expected to have smooth trajectories with relatively little demand on the vehicle dynamics to ensure passenger comfort and driving safety. However, the occurrence of unexpected events may require vehicles to perform aggressive maneuvers, near the limits of their dynamic capacities. In order to ensure the occupant's safety in these situations, the ability to plan controllable but near-limits trajectories will be of very high importance. One of the main issues in planning aggressive maneuvers lies in the high complexity of the vehicle dynamics near the handling limits, which effectively makes state-of-the-art methods such as Model Predictive Control difficult to use. This article studies a highly precise model of the vehicle body to derive a simpler, constrained second-order integrator dynamic model which remains precise even near the handling limits of the vehicle. Preliminary simulation results indicate that our model provides better accuracy without increasing computation time compared to a more classical kinematic bicycle model. The proposed model can find applications for contingency planning, which may require aggressive maneuvers, or for trajectory planning at high speed, for instance in racing applications.
A Preliminary Study on the Extrusion Resolution of Pluronic F127 for Bioprinting Thermo-responsive Hydrogel Constructs (2016)

Thermo-responsive hydrogels have gained more attention recently due to their unique characteristic of tunable sol-gel transition when temperature is changed. They have been used for many biomedical applications from drug delivery to fabrication of soft tissue scaffolds via 3D bioprinting. In this paper, the preliminary investigation on bioprinted thermo-responsive hydrogels were conducted in order to find out the correlations between size of nozzle, stage moving speed and gas pressure for achieving optimum printing resolution. The hydrogel that was used in this study was pluronic F127 at 24.5 wt % concentration. Two sizes of nozzle were used (25G and 30G) while stage moving speed (printing speed) and gas pressure were designed to be three levels each. A total of 18 experiments were conducted. The results show that the thinnest continuous line (highest resolution) of hydrogel could be obtained even when a larger nozzle is used. This paper suggests a relationship of the main parameters with the size of nozzle on extrusion based bioprinter, and the results from this study may provide a platform for future correlation studies on extrusion based bioprinting.
The electro-elastic and SAW properties of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (1982)

The elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of single crystals of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 have been measured in the temperature range 0-35 degrees C, using a combination of ultrasonic pulse echo, piezoelectric resonance and capacitance techniques. The material shows strong bulk wave coupling (k33=0.53) and certain shear coefficients (1/2(C11E-c12E), c4E and c66E) show anomalous temperature behaviour. The SAW properties of the singly rotated substrate orientations have been calculated. The maximum surface wave coupling factor predicted is 0.023 and a number of predicted temperature compensated orientations have been located. The results of the SAW measurements made are in agreement and temperature compensation has been demonstrated on a (110) cut, (001) propagating substrate. Interesting observations on the piezoelectrically stiffened elastic constants in unpoled material are discussed in terms of a domain wall model.
Layered Compounds. XLIII. Syntheses and Properties of [2.2]Naphthaleno-and [2.2]Anthraceno-heterophanes (1977)

Abstract Several [2.2]naphthaleno- and [2.2]anthraceno-heterophanes were synthesized by cross-breeding Hofmann degradation of the corresponding two quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Two isomers, anti- and syn-forms, were obtained for [2.2](1,4)naphthaleno(2,5)thiophenophane, and one isomer, anti-from, for the [2.2](1,4)anthraceno homologue. The structures of the heterophanes were determined by variable temperature NMR analysis. Transannular π-electronic interactions between the condensed aromatic ring and the heteroaromatic ring were examined on the basis of electronic and emission spectra. The thiophene ring interacts more strongly with the condensed aromatic ring than the furan ring. For anthracenophanes, 9,10-bridged system shows more effective interaction than 1,4-bridged one.
Four-wave-mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Qsilica microspheres (2007)

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that under suitable conditions high-$Q$ microspheres can exhibit anomalous dispersion, which permits phase and energy matching for nonlinear optical interactions. We use such dispersion control to produce either Raman or four-wave mixing parametric oscillations by changing the size of the microsphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and H3‐Receptor Affinities of Isomeric N‐Methyl‐ and N‐ Benzyl‐Imidazole Derivatives of Thioperamide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. (1996)

Anticoagulant therapy should be considered for all patients with atrial fibrillation. Oral anticoagulant therapy is more effective than ASA in reducing the risk of stroke among patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation.
HF Etchant Solutions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for “Dry” Etch Processing of Microelectronic Devices (2003)

A “dry” supercritical CO2-based etchant solution containing HF/pyridine as an anhydrous HF source effectively dissolves SiO2 thin films on silicon wafers. These dilute etchant solutions are active in removal of post-etch residues in back-end-of-line cleaning of microelectronic structures.
Redefining breast cancer subtypes to guide treatment prioritization and maximize response: Predictive biomarkers across 10 cancer therapies (2022)

Using pre-treatment gene expression, protein/phosphoprotein, and clinical data from the I-SPY2 neoadjuvant platform trial (NCT01042379), we create alternative breast cancer subtypes incorporating tumor biology beyond clinical hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status to better predict drug responses. We assess the predictive performance of mechanism-of-action biomarkers from ∼990 patients treated with 10 regimens targeting diverse biology. We explore >11 subtyping schemas and identify treatment-subtype pairs maximizing the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate over the population. The best performing schemas incorporate Immune, DNA repair, and HER2/Luminal phenotypes. Subsequent treatment allocation increases the overall pCR rate to 63% from 51% using HR/HER2-based treatment selection. pCR gains from reclassification and improved patient selection are highest in HR<sup>+</sup> subsets (>15%). As new treatments are introduced, the subtyping schema determines the minimum response needed to show efficacy. This data platform provides an unprecedented resource and supports the usage of response-based subtypes to guide future treatment prioritization.
The Variability of the Okun Coefficient (1980)

Law combines a host of variables and parameters into a bivariate model originally designed to estimate potential output. It is currently used in economic policy analysis as a rule of thumb for relating changes in the unemployment rate to changes in output. Based on the assumption that potential output is realized when the unemployment rate is 4 percent, Okun originally estimated that a change in the actual unemployment rate should approximate one-third the difference between 4 percent and the annual growth rate in output [4; 15]. Given Okun's procedure, changes in his estimate of the sensitivity of output to unemployment (referred to hereafter as the Okun coefficient) have no behavioral significance. All that is required is that the forecaster regularly update his estimate. Attempts have been made to improve Okun's estimate by analyzing the components of potential output and to revise the full employment unemployment rate [2; 9; 11; 17; 26; 29]. Recent efforts have been prompted by the rising female labor force participation rate, a slowdown in the growth of labor productivity since the 1974-75 recession and the sharp increases in the prices of raw materials, particularly oil imports [3; 5; 6; 7; 13; 16; 18; 21; 22; 23]. The components approach drops Okun's restrictive assumption that all linkages between output and unemployment can be captured in a single linear equation. Consequently, this approach implies that the Okun coefficient may vary over time depending on the behavioral characteristics of the particular model used to estimate it. However, studies using the components approach ignore the question of variability. When they report an estimate of the coefficient, it is an average for the sample period. In general, recent estimates reaffirm Okun's original three-to-one estimate through the 1960s. However, estimates for the 1970s show that the value of the coefficient has declined. For example, Tatom [27] used Okun's methodology to determine if the 1973-75 energy crisis altered the value of the coefficient. He found that a 2.22 percent output loss is associated with each 1 percent of unemployment in excess of the full employment level.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Diimine: A Highly Selective Catalyst System for the Base‐Free Oxidative Heck Reaction. (2011)

Abstract Pd(OAc) 2 in combination with IMI is highly efficient for the reaction.
Comparison of histomorphometric characteristics of dorsal colon and pelvic flexure biopsy specimens obtained from horses with large colon volvulus that underwent resection (2020)

Although different, histomorphometric measurements for either DCBSs or PFBSs could be used to accurately predict short-term outcome for horses with LCV that underwent large colon resection, and arguably PFBSs are easier to collect.
Co-Separating Sounds of Visual Objects (2019)

Learning how objects sound from video is challenging, since they often heavily overlap in a single audio channel. Current methods for visually-guided audio source separation sidestep the issue by training with artificially mixed video clips, but this puts unwieldy restrictions on training data collection and may even prevent learning the properties of "true" mixed sounds. We introduce a co-separation training paradigm that permits learning object-level sounds from unlabeled multi-source videos. Our novel training objective requires that the deep neural network's separated audio for similar-looking objects be consistently identifiable, while simultaneously reproducing accurate video-level audio tracks for each source training pair. Our approach disentangles sounds in realistic test videos, even in cases where an object was not observed individually during training. We obtain state-of-the-art results on visually-guided audio source separation and audio denoising for the MUSIC, AudioSet, and AV-Bench datasets.
Excimer laser ablation and etching (1997)

Today, excimer laser ablation and etching techniques have found use in applications ranging from semiconductor processing to correcting human vision problems. This article discusses these techniques, as well as some relevant engineering issues. The progress of excimer lasers in patterning technology is briefly presented, and the article concludes by discussing several applications of ablation and etching that have high potential industrial use and significance.
Contribution of 30 Biomarkers to 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in 2 Population Cohorts (2010)

The addition of a biomarker score including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and sensitive troponin I to a conventional risk model improved 10-year risk estimation for cardiovascular events in 2 middle-aged European populations. Further validation is needed in other populations and age groups.
Disease-specific genomic analysis: identifying the signature of pathologic biology (2007)

We introduce a method for the analysis of pathologic biology that unravels the disease characteristics of high dimensional data. The method, disease-specific genomic analysis (DSGA), is intended to precede standard techniques like clustering or class prediction, and enhance their performance and ability to detect disease. DSGA measures the extent to which the disease deviates from a continuous range of normal phenotypes, and isolates the aberrant component of data. In several microarray cancer datasets, we show that DSGA outperforms standard methods. We then use DSGA to highlight a novel subdivision of an important class of genes in breast cancer, the estrogen receptor (ER) cluster. We also identify new markers distinguishing ductal and lobular breast cancers. Although our examples focus on microarrays, DSGA generalizes to any high dimensional genomic/proteomic data.
Severe Pollution in China Amplified by Atmospheric Moisture (2017)

In recent years, severe haze events often occurred in China, causing serious environmental problems. The mechanisms responsible for the haze formation, however, are still not well understood, hindering the forecast and mitigation of haze pollution. Our study of the 2012-13 winter haze events in Beijing shows that atmospheric water vapour plays a critical role in enhancing the heavy haze events. Under weak solar radiation and stagnant moist meteorological conditions in winter, air pollutants and water vapour accumulate in a shallow planetary boundary layer (PBL). A positive feedback cycle is triggered resulting in the formation of heavy haze: (1) the dispersal of water vapour is constrained by the shallow PBL, leading to an increase in relative humidity (RH); (2) the high RH induces an increase of aerosol particle size by enhanced hygroscopic growth and multiphase reactions to increase particle size and mass, which results in (3) further dimming and decrease of PBL height, and thus further depressing of aerosol and water vapour in a very shallow PBL. This positive feedback constitutes a self-amplification mechanism in which water vapour leads to a trapping and massive increase of particulate matter in the near-surface air to which people are exposed with severe health hazards.
Dominant interference rejection by adaptive antennas in GSM (2002)

We investigate cochannel interference suppression with an adaptive antenna array for different interference power profiles, that is, dominant to the rest of the interference power ratios. Two interference estimation methods are compared from which the first makes use of the desired signal training sequence alone and the second requires also a knowledge of the interference training sequences. Simulations are performed with the known GSM typical urban channel model upgraded with angle of arrival information. Results show that both investigated methods are powerful in the presence of a dominant interfering signal.
Flor Yeast: New Perspectives Beyond Wine Aging (2016)

The most important dogma in white-wine production is the preservation of the wine aroma and the limitation of the oxidative action of oxygen. In contrast, the aging of Sherry and Sherry-like wines is an aerobic process that depends on the oxidative activity of flor strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under depletion of nitrogen and fermentable carbon sources, these yeast produce aggregates of floating cells and form an air-liquid biofilm on the wine surface, which is also known as velum or flor. This behavior is due to genetic and metabolic peculiarities that differentiate flor yeast from other wine yeast. This review will focus first on the most updated data obtained through the analysis of flor yeast with -omic tools. Comparative genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of flor and wine yeast strains are shedding new light on several features of these special yeast, and in particular, they have revealed the extent of proteome remodeling imposed by the biofilm life-style. Finally, new insights in terms of promotion and inhibition of biofilm formation through small molecules, amino acids, and di/tri-peptides, and novel possibilities for the exploitation of biofilm immobilization within a fungal hyphae framework, will be discussed.
Comparison of numerical algorithms based on elementary and Muller's boundary integral equations in the scattering by dielectric cylinders (2010)

We consider boundary integral equations (BIEs) met in the scattering by dielectric cylinders and compare numerical algorithms based on elementary and Muller's BIEs near the "numerical resonances". A procedure of partial removal of well-known defect of elementary BIEs related to the loss of their unique solvability is discussed.
SANDFEUCHTEMESSGERAETE IM PRAKTISCHEN EINSATZ (1978)

VERF. BERICHTET UEBER VERSUCHE ZUR UEBERPRUEFUNG DER GENAUIGKEIT VON KAPAZITIVEN UND NUKLEAREN FEUCHTIGKEITSMESSONDEN BEI BETONMISCHANLAGEN MIT EBENERDIGEM DOSIERSTERN UND SILOS. BEI DEN KAPAZITIVEN MESSGERAETEN ERGABEN SICH ABWEICHUNGEN VON DER TATSAECHLICHEN FEUCHTE VON SAND BIS ZU 4,2 %. DIE MESSGENAUIGKEIT KONNTE AUCH DURCH VARIATION DER SONDENANORDNUNG NICHT VERBESSERT WERDEN. DIE FEHLMESSUNGEN WERDEN AUF DICHTEAENDERUNGEN UND SANDANLAGERUNGEN IM MESSONDENBEREICH ZURUECKGEFUEHRT. VERBESSERUNGEN DER MESSGENAUIGKEIT (BIS ZU PLUS MINUS 1,5 % FEUCHTE) LIESSEN SICH DURCH MOEGLICHST TIEFE ANORDNUNG DER MESSONDEN UND EINBAU AN STELLEN, AN DENEN MATERIALANLAGERUNGEN VERMIEDEN WERDEN, ERZIELEN. ABWEICHUNGEN VON MEHR ALS 2 % WURDEN AUCH BEI DER VERWENDUNG VON NUKLEARSONDEN FESTGESTELLT. BEI SANDSILOS WAERE EINE GEWISSE VERBESSERUNG DER FEUCHTEMESSUNG EVTL. DURCH EINBAU MEHRERER KAPAZITIVER MESSONDEN UND EINES MITTELWERTRECHNERS MOEGLICH, BEI NUKLEAREN MESSUNGEN U.U. DURCH KONSTRUKTIVE MASSNAHMEN. BEI KAPAZITIVEN MESSGERAETEN MUESSTE AUSSERDEM EINE WIRKSAME SILOENTWAESSERUNG VORGESEHEN WERDEN. ABSCHLIESSEND WIRD AUF EIN NEUES VERFAHREN ZUR SANDFEUCHTEMESSUNG MIT HILFE EINER KUERZLICH ENTWICKELTEN PROBENAHMEVORRICHTUNG HINGEWIESEN, BEI DESSEN ANWENDUNG DIE ABWEICHUNGEN NUR MEHR 0,0 BIS MAX. 0,5 % BETRAGEN.
The impact of filtering direct-feedthrough on the x-space theory of magnetic particle imaging (2011)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging modality that maps the instantaneous response of superparamagnetic particles under an applied magnetic field. In MPI, the excitation and detection of the nanoparticles occur simultaneously. Therefore, when a sinusoidal excitation field is applied to the system, the received signal spectrum contains both harmonics from the particles and a direct feedthrough signal from the source at the fundamental drive frequency. Removal of the induced feedthrough signal from the received signal requires significant filtering, which also removes part of the signal spectrum. In this paper, we present a method to investigate the impact of temporally filtering out individual lower order harmonics on the reconstructed x-space image. Analytic and simulation results show that the loss of particle signal at low frequency leads to a recoverable loss of low spatial frequency information in the x-space image. Initial experiments validate the findings and demonstrate the feasibility of the recovery of the lost signal. This builds on earlier work that discusses the ideal one-dimensional MPI system and harmonic decomposition of the MPI signal.
Combinatorial Approach of Antigen Delivery Using M Cell-Homing Peptide and Mucoadhesive Vehicle to Enhance the Efficacy of Oral Vaccine (2015)

Orally ingested pathogens or antigens are taken up by microfold cells (M cells) in Peyer's patches of intestine to initiate protective immunity against infections. However, the uptake of orally delivered protein antigens through M cells is very low due to lack of specificity of proteins toward M cells and degradation of proteins in the harsh environment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To overcome these limitations, here we developed a pH-sensitive and mucoadhesive vehicle of thiolated eudragit (TE) microparticles to transport an M cell-targeting peptide-fused model protein antigen. Particularly, TE prolonged the particles transit time through the GI tract and predominantly released the proteins in ileum where M cells are abundant. Thus, oral delivery of TE microparticulate antigens exhibited high transcytosis of antigens through M cells resulting in strong protective sIgA as well as systemic IgG antibody responses. Importantly, the delivery system not only induced CD4(+) T cell immune responses but also generated strong CD8(+) T cell responses with enhanced production of IFN-γ in spleen. Given that M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination, this study could provide a new combinatorial method for the development of M-cell-targeted mucosal vaccines.
Oscillations in Ionized Gases (1929)

A simple theory of electronic and ionic oscillations in an ionized gas has been developed. The electronic oscillations are so rapid (ca. ${10}^{9}$ cycles) that the heavier positive ions are unaffected. They have a natural frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}={(\frac{n{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\pi}m})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and, except for secondary factors, do not transmit energy. The ionic oscillations are so slow that the electron density has its equilibrium value at all times. They vary in type according to their wave-length. The oscillations of shorter wave-length are similar to the electron vibrations, approaching the natural frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{p}={\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}{(\frac{{m}_{e}}{{m}_{p}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as upper limit. The oscillations of longer wave-length are similar to sound waves, the velocity approaching the value $v={(\frac{k{T}_{e}}{{m}_{p}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. The transition occurs roughly (i.e. to 5% of limiting values) within a 10-fold wave-length range centering around $2{(2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}$, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}$ being the "Debye distance." While the theory offers no explanation of the cause of the observed oscillations, the frequency range of the most rapid oscillations, namely from 300 to 1000 megacycles agrees with that predicted for the oscillations of the ultimate electrons. Another observed frequency of 50 to 60 megacycles may correspond to oscillations of the beam electrons. Frequencies from 1.5 megacycles down can be attributed to positive ion oscillations. The correlation between theory and observed oscillations is to be considered tentative until simpler experimental conditions can be attained.