gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial Subcultivation of Giardia lamblia in Keister's Modified TYI‐S‐33 Medium Containing Ultroser G (1992)

The ability of Giardia strains of the duodenalis type to grow in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium varies with serum lot. Recently, strains of Giardia including MR4, WB, and Human-1-Portland, have been cultivated in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium containing the serum substitute Ultroser G and have been cultured serially as least 40 times. An optimal concentration of 8% Ultroser G promotes maximal growth in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium for all three strains. This concentration of Ultroser G will produce a two-log increase in the number of trophozoites in approximately three days post-inoculation. Generation times for the trophozoites ranging from 6 to 11 h have been achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 containing 10% adult bovine serum and from 8 to 13 h in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 with 8% Ultroser G. Despite the excellent growth of Giardia strains in medium containing Ultroser G, the maximum trophozoite density is only about half of that achieved in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with 10% adult bovine serum. Comparisons of trophozoites grown with serum or the serum substitute reveal no discernable differences in morphology and motility. Additionally, these strains have been successfully cryopreserved and revived in Keister's modified TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with Ultroser G. Because Ultroser G is a characterized mixture of six main groups of ingredients (growth factors, adhesion factors, mineral trace elements, hormones, binding proteins, and vitamins), the variability in cell proliferation that may occur when changing serum lots should be minimized when using this product.
Brown root rot of trees caused by Phellinus noxius in the Ryukyu Islands, subtropical areas of Japan (2012)

Summary The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was first found on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, the disease has been reported on several islands in Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, and it has been causing serious problems to shade, windbreak, ornamental and landscape trees in the Ryukyu Islands, located in the subtropical region of southern Japan. Here, we report on the current status of P. noxius ‐caused brown root rot in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including symptoms, occurrence, dispersal, distribution and host tree species of the disease, pathogenicity and/or virulence of the pathogen, and disease management based on our surveys and previously published reports from Japan. Brown root rot has been confirmed in 53 tree species from 32 plant families at different sites on 10 of the 12 islands surveyed. Among the 53 tree species, 34 were first recorded in Japan as host plants of P. noxius . The disease occurs mainly in shade, ornamental and windbreak trees at sightseeing places, parks, roadsides, agricultural land such as sugar cane fields, and around residences or other places associated with human activities.
Cheese Flavor Development Using Direct Acidified Curd (1972)

Highly acceptable cheese flavor developed in slurry prepared from direct acidified (lactic acid) curd when the freshly prepared slurry was inoculated with 5% lactic culture and supplemented per kilogram with 100 mg reduced glutathione, 10 mg cobalt, 2 mg riboflavin, and 20 mg diacetyl. Lactic culture, glu-ta~hione, and initial and daily pH adjustment to 5.3 of the slurry were essential to cheese flavor development. The other additives accentuated the flavor and chemical changes. Desirable flavor development was assoeiated with relatively rapid formation and high concentrations of lactic acid and active sulfhydryl groups and relatively low reducing capacity of the slurries.
Quantum key distribution and cryptography: a survey (2010)

I will try to partially answer, based on a review on recent work, the following question: Can QKD and more generally quantum information be useful to cover some practical security requirements in current (and future) IT infrastructures ? I will in particular cover the following topics - practical performances of QKD - QKD network deployment - SECOQC project - Capabilities of QKD as a cryptographic primitive - comparative advantage with other solution, in order to cover practical security requirements - Quantum information and Side-channels - QKD security assurance - Thoughts about "real" Post-Quantum Cryptography
Prediagnostic Glycoprotein Acetyl Levels and Incident and Recurrent Flare Risk Accounting for Serum Urate Levels: A Population‐Based, Prospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis (2023)

This prospective, population-based study implicates GlycA, a stable long-term biomarker reflecting neutrophil overactivity, in incident and recurrent gout flares (central manifestation from neutrophilic synovitis) beyond serum urate.
A facile entry to macrocyclic disulfides: an efficient synthesis of redox-switched crown ethers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA facile entry to macrocyclic disulfides: an efficient synthesis of redox-switched crown ethersA. R. Ramesha and Srinivasan ChandrasekaranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 6, 1354–1357Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00085a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00085a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hemodynamic influences on vascular endothelial biology. (1990)

The vascular endothelium resides in a unique biomechanical stress environment resulting from the hemodynamics of the system. In vivo studies indicate that there are regional differences in endothelial biology and that this may be due to the influence of the local hemodynamic environment. To investigate this further, cell culture studies have been conducted using well-defined mechanical stress environments. To study flow effects, we have employed a parallel plate chamber in which endothelial cell monolayers are exposed to laminar flow. In such experiments and concomitant with changes in morphology, there are a variety of other alterations in cell function, including a decrease in the rate of cell proliferation for subconfluent monolayers. Changes in cell behavior due to the direct effect of pressure and in cultured cells which are in a cyclical stress field also have been observed. In the recognition/transduction of such a mechanical signal, the pathway may possibly include a membrane event linked to the control of intracellular calcium. It may be that the same signaling mechanisms are involved both in cytoskeletal/shape changes and in the control of the cell's growth program and, in exercising such an influence, hemodynamics may have an important role in the response of the arterial wall to injury and the resulting repair and/or disease processes.
2-[N-Acylamino(C1−C3)alkyl]indoles as MT1 Melatonin Receptor Partial Agonists, Antagonists, and Putative Inverse Agonists (1998)

The synthesis of several novel indole melatonin analogues substituted at the 2-position with acylaminomethyl (8-11), acylaminoethyl (5a-k), or acylaminopropyl (13) side chains is reported. On the basis of a novel in vitro functional assay (specific binding of [35S]GTPgammaS), which can discriminate agonist from partial agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist ligands, 5a,g, h,j and 13 were shown to be partial agonists, 5d,e and 8-11 competitive antagonists, and 5b,c,k putative inverse agonists. Binding and functional assays were performed on cloned human MT1 receptor. Structure-activity relationship considerations indicate that N-[1-aryl-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)(C1-C2)alkyl]alkanamides represent a lead structure for this type of ligands.
Engagement of the medical-technology sector with society (2017)

The medical-technology sector must educate society in an unbiased rational way about the successes and benefits of biotechnology innovation.
Transition Between Band and Hopping Transport in Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors (2014)

Hall effect and slightly negative temperature dependence of the mobility in polymeric transistors are demonstrated. The semiconductor channel is based on a polycyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole (CDT-BTZ) donor-acceptor copolymer film whose chain direction is oriented by mechanical compression at the surface of an ionic liquid. The mobility is 5.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at room temperature, and is further improved to 6.7 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at 260 K.
Additive-Mediated Splitting of Lanthanide Orthovanadate Nanocrystals in Water: Morphological Evolution from Rods to Sheaves and to Spherulites (2008)

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is shown to mediate the splitting of LnVO4 (Ln = Ce and Nd) nanocrystals from rods to sheaves and to spherulites under hydrothermal conditions with remarkable controllability and uniformity. The roles of EDTA are thought to be to (1) chelate the Ln3+ ions in solution, thus decreasing the nanocrystal nucleation rate but increasing the growth rate, and (2) interfere with the nanocrystal growth by capping the nanocrystal surfaces. Upconverted avalanche luminescence from LnVO4 nanoplates, nanowires, and straw-nanosheaves has been demonstrated and compared. We found that the LnVO4 straw-sheaves have a relatively more efficient upconversion due to the smaller avalanche excitation threshold caused by the strong cross-relaxation between the bundled nanorods in the sheaves.
Mechanism and observation of Mott transition in VO2-based two- and three-terminal devices (2004)

An abrupt Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT) rather than the continuous Hubbard MIT near a critical on-site Coulomb energy U/U_c=1 is observed for the first time in VO_2, a strongly correlated material, by inducing holes of about 0.018% into the conduction band. As a result, a discontinuous jump of the density of states on the Fermi surface is observed and inhomogeneity inevitably occurs. The gate effect in fabricated transistors is clear evidence that the abrupt MIT is induced by the excitation of holes.
Pix2Face: Direct 3D Face Model Estimation (2017)

An efficient, fully automatic method for 3D face shape and pose estimation in unconstrained 2D imagery is presented. The proposed method jointly estimates a dense set of 3D landmarks and facial geometry using a single pass of a modified version of the popular "U-Net" neural network architecture. Additionally, we propose a method for directly estimating a set of 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) parameters, using the estimated 3D landmarks and geometry as constraints in a simple linear system. Qualitative modeling results are presented, as well as quantitative evaluation of predicted 3D face landmarks in unconstrained video sequences.
Continuous-Flow Reactions Mediated by Main Group Organometallics (2020)

Abstract The generation of reactive organometallic reagents in batch is often complicated by the low thermal stability of these important synthetic intermediates and can require low reaction temperatures and special reaction conditions. However, the use of continuous-flow setups and microreactors has led to a revolution in this field. In this short review, an overview is given of recent advances in this area, with a focus on the main group organometallics of Li, Na, and K.
DPP-IV inhibitors from natural sources: An alternative approach for treatment and management of diabetes (2019)

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder present in almost all countries. According to WHO, T2DM is the World’s fifth leading cause of death. Treatment for T2DM depends on the incretin hormone (GLP-1 & GIP). GLP-1 plays a vital role in the body’s metabolism, such as insulin secretion but DPP-IV enzyme inactivates these incretin hormones. Therefore, it becomes important to identify DPP-IV inhibitors that act as prospective antidiabetic agents. Synthetic inhibitors like vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin are available in the market but they have some undesirable side effects. There are several natural plants as well as products that provide safe and effective medication against diabetes by DPP-IV enzyme inhibitory mechanism. This review summarizes recent advancement of DPP-IV inhibitors from medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol, and stilbenoids which are responsible for the DPP-IV inhibition.
Simultaneously targeting inflammatory response and parasite sequestration in brain to treat Experimental Cerebral Malaria (2015)

Malaria afflicts around 200 million people annually, with a mortality number close to 600,000. The mortality rate in Human Cerebral Malaria (HCM) is unacceptably high (15-20%), despite the availability of artemisinin-based therapy. An effective adjunct therapy is urgently needed. Experimental Cerebral Malaria (ECM) in mice manifests many of the neurological features of HCM. Migration of T cells and parasite-infected RBCs (pRBCs) into the brain are both necessary to precipitate the disease. We have been able to simultaneously target both these parameters of ECM. Curcumin alone was able to reverse all the parameters investigated in this study that govern inflammatory responses, CD8(+) T cell and pRBC sequestration into the brain and blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. But the animals eventually died of anemia due to parasite build-up in blood. However, arteether-curcumin (AC) combination therapy even after the onset of symptoms provided complete cure. AC treatment is a promising therapeutic option for HCM.
Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of Steinernema anomali Kozodoi, 1984. (1993)

This paper presents SEM micrographs of portions of the male, female, and infective-stage juvenile of Steinernema anomali. Included are micrographs of the cephalic and caudal region, spicules, and gubernaculum of the male, the cephalic and vulval region of the female, and the cephalic region of the infective-stage juvenile. Males have six labial and four prominent cephalic papillae and small amphids. There are 11-14 pairs and one single genital papillae; of these, 6-9 pairs are preanal and subventral, one pair preanal, lateral, one pair adanal, and three pairs postanal. Spicules have a short head, a long blade, and a reduced shaft. The distal end is enlarged and bears a dorsal aperture. Gubernaculum much shorter than spicules; cuneus of gubernaculum short and bifurcate anteriorly. Females have six labial and four cephalic papillae and small amphids. Vulva with a thickened posterior lip. Infective juveniles have a smooth head, prominent amphids, and four cephalic papillae. Labial papillae, if present, are not evident.
Preparation of high surface area LaCrO 3 for later application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) (2006)

Perovskite-related solid solution based on lanthanum chromite, LaCrO3, is of considerable interest for high-temperature electrochemical applications, such as intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT SOFCs), oxygen separation membranes and sensors etc. The structure, magnetic, electrical, synthesis and thermal properties of
ARDS after Pulmonary Contusion: Accurate Measurement of Contusion Volume Identifies High-Risk Patients (2001)

Extent of contusion volumes measured using three-dimensional reconstruction allows identification of patients at high risk of pulmonary dysfunction as characterized by development of ARDS. This method of measurement may provide a useful tool for the further study of PC as well as for the identification of patients at high risk of complications at whom future advances in therapy may be directed.
The fate of microplastics when making sludge into crude oil – the impact of a hydrothermal liquefaction process on microplastics in wastewater treatment plant sludge. (2020)

Microplastics (MPs) are entering wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from various sources such as primary MPs in consumer products and secondary MPs from wear of plastic items and textiles. There is a scientific consensus that the efficiency of WWTPs in retaining MPs is high, with up to 99% being retained and ultimately ending up in the sludge. Within a totally different research diciplin, scientist are also working on producing bio-crude oil from the sludge by processing it at pressures around 30 Mpa and temperatures around 400°C known as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). In an interdisciplinary study, we have studied the fate of MPs in WWTP sludge fed into a continuous HTL reactor. The HTL products as a mixture of bio-crude, aqueous, and solid residues have been investigated. Duplicate samples of each matrix were analyzed for MP. Wet-oxidation (H2O2), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and enzymatic treatment were performed to remove natural organic materials such as cellulose, protein, and lipid compounds. Inorganic particles were removed by density separation using sodium polytungstate solution. The bigger particles (&gt; 500 µm) were separated by sieving and potential MP candidates handpicked and analyzed by ATR-FTIR (Agilent Cary 630, diamond ATR). The smaller particles (10-500 µm) were analyzed by FPA-µFTIR (Agilent Cary 620/670) and the particles identified using the software siMPle for automated analysis of the generated spectral image. 13 polymer types, comprising particles of 11-3207 µm, were observed in the sludge with Polyurethane (PU), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyester (PEsT), alkyd, and cellulose acetate as the dominant ones. In the HTL products, only a few olefins such as PP and PE with sizes of 13.3-81.6 µm were observed. Furthermore, the MP removal efficiency of the HTL process was between 99.65% and 99.99% by particle numbers and mass respectively.
Throughput improvement of incremental redundancy LDPC coded MIMO V-BLAST system (2006)

In this paper, we present ensembles of incremental redundancy low-density parity-check (IR-LDPC) codes to improve the throughput performance of hybrid forward error correction (FEC)/automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes in a vertical Bell lab layered space-time (V-BLAST) system. These ensembles are designed to have good error rate performance at short block lengths, which result in higher throughput performance. The throughput simulations in various fading conditions show that these ensembles outperform a conventional random punctured ensemble by 3 dB Eb/N0 at a throughput region of 0.8. To reduce the traffic of feedback channels, we consider using an adaptive code selection algorithm. In these adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ schemes, the number of negative acknowledgement signals for retransmission is greatly reduced at operating SNR ranges without any significant throughput loss.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]MPC-6827, the first brain penetrant microtubule PET ligand (2018)

1022 Objectives: Abnormalities of microtubules (MTs) are involved in misregulation of mitotic spindles and in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, brain injuries and neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of MTs in mitotic processes has led to new microtubule-targeted agents (MTA) being developed as cancer chemotherapeutics for the past 20 years. More recently, new generation MTAs are undergoing clinical trials for tauopathies. Despite the importance of brain-MT related diseases, no currently available MT PET tracer can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB), preventing in vivo imaging of MTs in brain. In this study, we report the automated radiochemical synthesis of [11C]MPC-6827 and its in vivo PET imaging in rodents. Methods: The radiochemical synthesis of [11C]MPC-6827 was optimized and automated on a GE-FX2MeI/FX2M radiochemistry module by alkylating the corresponding desmethyl-MPC-6827 with [11C]MeI in DMF using NaOH. Biodistribution studies of [11C]MPC-6827 (100+20 μCi) were performed in male white mice (n=4 per time points). Tracer uptakes in the organs were measured using a γ-counter and expressed as %ID/g tissue. microPET experiments were performed in anesthetized athymic nude male mice (n=3) or Sprague-Dawey rats (n=2) using Trifoil PET/CT scanner for 60 minute acquisitions. Blocking microPET imaging was performed in white male mice (n=3) 20 prior to the injection of MPC-6827 (5 mg/kg, i. v). Results: [11C]MPC-6827was synthesized with high radiochemical purity (>98%) and high specific activity (2+0.5 Ci/µmol) in 40+5% radiochemical yield, decay corrected to EOS (n =20). Ex vivo biodistribution studies indicated that [11C]MPC-6827 penetrated the BBB . Blocking experiments at 30 minute demonstrated 70% blockade of radioactivity in brain. The specific uptake ratio of brain is 10 times higher than in muscle, demonstrating an advantage of [11C]MPC-6827 for brain imaging. MicroPET imaging in mice and rats also confirmed BBB penetration and retention in brain indicated uniform binding across brain regions with no obvious reference region. Specific binding was found with blocking studies with non-radioactive MPC-6827. 
Conclusions: We report the automated radiolabeling procedure for [11C]MPC-6827 with high radiochemical yield, purity and specific activity. In vivo studies in rodents indicated BBB penetration and binding of the radiotracer in brain and other organs. Combination of favorable kinetics and robust specific binding with excellent brain uptake may make [11C]MPC-6827 a suitable PET ligand for the in vivo quantification of MT inside and outside the brain. Lack of a suitable reference region is likely to be due to ubiquitous target distribution instead a specific property of this ligand.
Grant support: Diane Goldberg Foundation (NYSPI/CUMC) and WFSM CTSA TIP (UL1TR001420)