gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition metal promoted reactions. Part 27. Nickel(II)-lithium aluminum hydride mediated reduction of carbon-sulfur bonds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal promoted reactions. Part 27. Nickel(II)-lithium aluminum hydride mediated reduction of carbon-sulfur bondsKim Man Ho, Chun Hon Lam, and Tien Yau LuhCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 18, 4474–4476Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00279a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00279a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Energy-efficient data forwarding strategy in intermittent connected wireless networks (2016)

In intermittent connected wireless networks,the energy resources of nodes are limited and the link duration is short,so the network resources cannot be fully used. This article introduces a data forwarding strategy with an adaptive asynchronous wakeup schedule,which synthesizes the energy consumption and dormancy mechanism of nodes,combines with the gray model to forecast the inter-node meeting duration,thus optimize the energy consumption of nodes in the detection and data forwarding phase,and finally achieves the purpose of efficient data forwarding. The results show that the proposed data forwarding strategy can effectively utilize the residual energy and communication opportunity of nodes. Compared with the existing forwarding strategies,this strategy can effectively improve the detection rate and communication time delay of the networks under low energy consumption.
Physical layer security in UWB networks (2011)

The omnipresent wireless medium provides high mobility, yet the very nature of open medium introduces vulnerability. Earlier designs of security mechanisms concentrated more on the upper layers, but physical layer techniques have recently gained popularity. Security is taken care of by maximizing the information rate of the signal sent from the source to the receiver, with an assumption that the eavesdropper's channel is worse than the main channel. User cooperation scheme is utilized to jam the eavesdropper's signal. We have considered a channel model including the path loss exponent and Rayleigh fading, with an aim to maximize secrecy rate under transmit power constraint. Simulations have been done for the secrecy rate in different environments and also how it varies with the position of the receiver and eavesdropper.
The Role of Phloem Loading Reconsidered (2010)

It is generally assumed that the primary role of phloem loading is to drive long-distance transport by elevating hydrostatic pressure in sieve elements. This concept is consistent with the fact that, in many plants, energy is used to increase the concentrations of photoassimilates in the leaf phloem
Fluorescence Sensing Behavior of Crystals of an Imidazole-Type Clathrate Host upon Contact with Gaseous Carboxylic Acids (2001)

Abstract The crystals of the title fluorescent clathrand exhibit a drastic fluorescence enhancement behavior upon contact with carboxylic acid vapors. The magnitude of the fluorescence change is greatly dependent on the enclathrated carboxylic acid molecules and increase in the following order: formic acid &amp;lt; acetic acid &amp;lt; propionic acid. To elucidate the enclathrated guest effects on the fluorescence properties of the crystals, the X-ray crystal structures have been determined.
Viral metagenomic analysis of the cheese surface: a comparative study of rapid procedures for extracting virus-like particles (2018)

The structure and functioning of microbial communities from fermented foods, including cheese, have been extensively studied during the past decade. However, there is still a lack of information about both the occurrence and the role of viruses in modulating the function of this type of spatially structured and solid ecosystems. Viral metagenomics was recently applied to a wide variety of environmental samples and standardized procedures for recovering virus-like particles from different type of materials has emerged. In this study, we adapted a procedure originally developed to extract viruses from fecal samples, in order to enable efficient virome analysis of cheese surface. We tested and validated the positive impact of both addition of a filtration step prior to virus concentration and substitution of purification by density gradient ultracentrifugation by a simple chloroform treatment to eliminate membrane vesicles. Viral DNA extracted from the several procedures, as well as a vesicle sample, were sequenced using Illumina paired-end MiSeq technology and the subsequent clusters assembled from the virome were analyzed to assess those belonging to putative phages, plasmid-derived DNA, or even from bacterial chromosomal DNA. The best procedure was then chosen, and used to describe the Epoisses cheese virome. This study provides the basis of future investigations regarding the ecological importance of viruses in cheese microbial ecosystems.
Design techniques to improve the resilience of computing systems: software layer (2020)

Hardware techniques to improve the robustness of a computing system can be very expensive, difficult to implement and validate. Moreover, they require long evaluation processes that could lead to the redesign of the hardware itself when reliability requirements are not satisfied. This chapter will cover the software techniques that allow improving the tolerance of the system to hardware faults by acting at software level only. We will cover the recently proposed approaches to detect and correct transient and permanent faults.
Gas Phase Molecular Recognition on Nucleobase Monolayers Immobilized on a Highly Sensitive Quartz-Crystal Microbalance1 (1997)

Complementary molecular recognition in the gas phase onto self-assembled monolayers bearing thymine or adenine bases as terminal groups was studied by using a highly sensitive 63 MHz quartz-crystal microbalance. Association constants (Ka), binding and dissociation rate constants (k1 and k-1), and binding amount in nanogram level (Δm) could be obtained from time coarses of frequency decrease (mass increase) at various gaseous guest concentrations. Kinetic parameters were corrected to avoid the effect of different adsorption ability of guest molecules. Binding of 2-aminopyridine (an adenine model) onto a thymine monolayer showed the 50−100 times larger binding constant than that of a noncomplementary guest molecule, γ-butyrolactam. On the other hand, an adenine monolayer preferentially bound the thymine model of γ-butyrolactam over 2-aminopyridine, the adenine model. When a simple hydrocarbon monolayer of 1-decanethiol was used, all of these guest molecules were hardly bound. The selectivity between complementary and noncomplementary nucleobase pairs observed in the gas/thin film surface was comparable to the selectivity seen in organic solvents. The formation energy of hydrogen bonding obtained from Ka values in the gas/thin film surface was consistent with that calculated by molecular mechanics as in a vacuum. Ka values of the guest molecules were dependent on the nucleobase content in the mixed monolayer of nucleobase and alkyl chains.
Indium incorporation in InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown on m‐plane GaN substrate and c‐plane sapphire (2011)

Abstract InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown at identical conditions on m ‐plane GaN and c ‐plane sapphire substrates were characterized by several techniques, aiming to clarify the reason for different emission wavelengths often observed in similar LED structures with m ‐ and c ‐plane surface orientations. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of m ‐plane QWs revealed shorter wavelength and no blueshift with increasing CL probe current in accordance with previous reports. Relative indium compositions were estimated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction to be 5.1 and 13.9% for m ‐plane and c ‐plane QWs, respectively. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the well widths of the m ‐plane QWs were noticeably thicker than those of the c ‐plane QWs. The lower indium compositions and thicker well widths of the m ‐plane QWs indicated that different indium incorporation and diffusion occurred in the structures grown on the GaN substrate, which is attributed to its surface off‐cut toward [0001] and the higher thermal conductivity with respect to that of sapphire.
Long-Term Outcome After Angioplasty for Symptomatic Extracranial Carotid Stenosis in Poor Surgical Candidates (2002)

These pilot data suggest a beneficial effect of angioplasty for patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid stenosis who are not good surgical candidates.
Development of human factors design guidelines for advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) (2002)

Past research has established that human factors guidelines following traditional formats for presenting information are not useful and are often ignored by designers. Within the human factors community, there is considerable uncertainty and concern regarding the nature and utility of human factors handbooks and guidelines materials. The objective of this paper is to describe and discuss three critical issues associated with the development of human factors design guidelines for advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). These three issues are: (1) the lack of human factors design criteria; (2) developing selection criteria for data sources used to produce guidelines; and (3) variability in the user population of human factors design guidelines. Within the context of these issues, some of the limitations, trade-offs, constraints, and options associated with the development of human factors design guidelines for ATIS are presented.
Rotavirus-Induced Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Is Critical for Virus Replication (2022)

A variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, target cellular lipid droplets for their replication. Rotaviruses (RVs) infect the villous epithelium of the small intestine and are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. RVs induce and require lipid droplets for the formation of viroplasms, sites of virus genome replication, and nascent particle assembly. Here we review the role of lipid droplets in RV replication. Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis or chemicals that interfere with lipid droplet homeostasis decrease the number and size of viroplasms and the yield of infectious virus. We used a genetically engineered RV, delayed in viroplasm assembly, to show an early interaction of RV nonstructural protein NSP2 and the lipid droplet-associated protein phospho-PLIN1. The interaction between NSP2 and phospho-PLIN1 suggests that we have identified part of the mechanism of RV-induced lipid droplet formation. These studies demonstrate that RV is an excellent model to dissect the cellular process of lipid droplet formation and to determine how RV induces and usurps lipid droplet biogenesis to form viroplasm/lipid droplets for virus replication.
Materials and Fabrication Needs for Low-Cost Organic Transistor Circuits (2000)

There has been tremendous progress in the area of organic electronic materials and devices recently. However, many challenges and problems remain to be addressed for practical applications of such materials and devices. This article seeks to summarize some of the important recent materials-related research on organic transistors and point out future needs in this area. Special emphasis is directed towards the stability and processability of the active materials.
High-resolution measurements of fibre Bragg grating transmission spectra (2002)

A high-resolution measurement technique for characterisation of fibre Bragg grating transmission spectra is demonstrated. Real-time measurements of a grating passband with 100 kHz spectral resolution are reported.
1983-P: WNT Pathway and Bone Fragility in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes (2019)

Fragility fractures are major complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but mechanisms underlying bone fragility are still poorly clarified. Bone mineral density (BMD) underestimates T2D fracture incidence, since a normal or even higher BMD is associated with a greater fracture risk than healthy population. We hypothesized that bone fragility in T2D results from poor bone microarchitecture and bone quality caused by WNT signaling impairment and lower bone formation. We aimed to evaluate the association between bone gene expression of WNT pathway and features of bone microarchitecture and strength. We enrolled T2D (n=13) and nondiabetic (controls, n=75) postmenopausal women undergoing standard hip arthroplasty. Serum and proximal femur samples from recruited subjects were collected at the moment of surgical procedure. Gene expression of sclerostin (SOST), WNT5a, WNT10b, SFRP5, GSK3β, osteocalcin and RUNX2 was analyzed by real-time PCR. Total-body, lumbar and femoral BMD were assessed by bone densitometry. A trabecular core from bone samples was analyzed by Micro X-ray computed tomography and by compression tests. Age (75.23 ± 8.47 vs. 73.24 ± 5.77) and BMI (29.92 ± 5.38 vs. 27.68 ± 5.62 Kg/m2) did not differ between T2D and controls respectively. Glycated hemoglobin was 6.48 ± 1.7 mmol/mol. We found that T2D subjects had no differences in BMD and in bone microarchitecture parameters compared to controls. Neither bone turnover nor WNT serum markers differed among groups. SOST gene expression was increased (p=0.003) whereas RUNX2 expression was decreased in T2D vs. controls (p=0.017), independently by BMI and age. Osteocalcin and other WNT related genes expression did not differ among groups. Compression tests did not show impairment in bone strength in T2D vs. controls. In conclusion, although a good glycemic control and no alterations in bone density, microarchitecture and strength, we found an increase in SOST and a decrease in RUNX2 gene expression, implying a lower bone formation in T2D. Disclosure A. Piccoli: None. F. Cannata: None. F. Russo: None. V.L. Greto: None. C. Isgrò: None. G. Leanza: None. R. Strollo: None. C. Massaroni: None. C. Pedone: None. S. Silvestri: None. G. Vadalà: None. V. Denaro: None. T. Bisogno: None. R. Papalia: None. P. Pozzilli: None. M. Maccarrone: None. N. Napoli: None. Funding Campus Bio-Medico University
Processing, structure, and thermal properties of ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, HfW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, HfMgW<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, Al(HfMg)<sub>0.5</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, and Al<sub>0.5</sub>Sc<sub>1.5</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> negative and zero thermal expansion coefficient ceramics (2022)

Negative and zero coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) materials are of interest for developing polymer composites in electronic circuits that match the expansion of Si and in zero CTE supports for optical components, e.g., mirrors. In this work, the processing challenges and stability of ZrW2O8, HfW2O8, HfMgW3O12, Al(HfMg)0.5W3O12, and Al0.5Sc1.5W3O12 negative and zero thermal expansion coefficient ceramics are discussed. Al0.5Sc1.5W3O12 is demonstrated to be a relatively simple oxide to fabricate in large quantity and is shown to exhibit single phase up to 1300 °C in air and inert N2 environments. The negative and zero CTE behavior was confirmed with dilatometry. Thermal conductivity and heat capacity were reported for the first time for HfMgW3O12 and Al0.5Sc1.5W3O12 and thermal conductivity was found to be very low (~0.5 W/mK). Grüneisen parameter is also estimated. Methods for integration of Al0.5Sc1.5W3O12 with other materials was examined and embedding 50 vol% of the ceramic powder in flexible epoxy was demonstrated with a commercial vendor.
Three-dimensional isocompositional profiles of buried SiGe∕Si(001) islands (2007)

The authors investigate the composition profile of SiGe islands after capping with Si to form quantum dots, using a two step etching procedure and atomic force microscopy. Initially, the Si capping layers are removed by etching selectively Si over Ge and then the composition of the disclosed islands is addressed by selectively etching Ge over Si. For samples grown at 580°C the authors show that even when overgrowth leads to a flat Si surface and the islands undergo strong morphological changes, a Ge-rich core region is still preserved in the dot. At high growth and overgrowth temperatures (740°C), the experiments show that the newly formed base of the buried islands is more Si rich than their top. Furthermore, the authors find that for the growth conditions used, no lateral motion takes place during capping.
Synthesis of a head-to-tail-type cyclodextrin-based insulated molecular wire (2011)

We developed a new method for synthesizing an organic-soluble insulated molecular wire (IMW) using permethylated cyclodextrin (PMCD). The IMW obtained using this method is highly soluble in a variety of organic solvents and has a high covering ratio, regioregularity, rigidity, photoluminescence efficiency, and interchain hole mobility.
Generating attenuation maps using differential attenuation data (2002)

A method is proposed to estimate attenuation from differential attenuation information (DAI) contained solely in SPECT emission data produced by /sup 201/Tl or other multiple emission isotopes. The total attenuation along each projection line is shown to be related to the difference in attenuation for two emissions at distinct energies (low energy gamma rays are attenuated more than high energy gamma rays); this difference is reflected by the relative gamma-ray intensity detected at the two energies after compensation for Compton scatter. The feasibility of attenuation compensation using DAI was investigated using synthesized scatter-free data from an anthropomorphic digital phantom. Two approaches were investigated: (1) filtered backprojection reconstruction of sinograms pre-corrected for attenuation using a point-source approximation; and (2) incorporating the DAI into an iterative regularized image reconstruction algorithm using a more realistic distributed source model. Both these techniques improved image quality and reduced attenuation artifacts visible in uncorrected filtered backprojection images. However, Poisson noise presents a significant obstacle to practical application of this technique and several enhancements are required before it can be successfully applied to realistic imaging data.
Improvement of Neutron Diffraction at Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source RANS Using Peak Profile Deconvolution and Delayed Neutron Reduction for Stress Measurements (2022)

Neutron diffraction is a powerful non-destructive method for evaluating the microscopic structure and internal stress of metal plates as a bulk average. Precise neutron diffraction measurements with a high-intensity neutron beam have already been carried out at large-scale neutron facilities. However, it is not easy to provide users with enough experimental opportunities. We are working on upgrading the neutron diffractometer with techniques of time-of-flight to enable stress measurements at RIKEN accelerator-driven compact neutron source (RANS). To improve neutron diffraction resolution, delayed neutrons, which expand neutron beam pulse width, should be suppressed. However, it is difficult to separate the delayed neutrons experimentally. In this study, a new analysis method has been proposed to deconvolute the diffraction peak from the delayed neutron component. Moreover, a new collimator system, called decoupled collimator system, has been developed to reduce the number of delayed neutrons. The diffraction patterns from a powder sample of pure body-centered cubic iron were measured with the decoupled collimator and the diffraction peak of {211} reflection was analyzed by the new analysis method using a model function of a single exponential decay function convoluted with a Gaussian function. By this method, the decoupled collimator system has been confirmed to achieve a smaller measurement limit of lattice strain Δε than a small-aperture polyethylene collimator system and a non-collimator system. The currently available Δε was 6.7×10−4, this means that the internal stress up to 130 MPa can be well evaluated for steel materials with a Young’s modulus of 200 GPa at RANS.
Optic Disc Swelling in Astronauts: A Manifestation of “Glymphedema”? (2019)

Department of Psychiatry, PC Sint-Amandus, Beernem, Belgium Disclosure: The author declares no conflict of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Film Properties of CVD Titanium Nitride Deposited with Organometallic Precursors at Low Pressure Using Inert Gases, Ammonia, or Remote Activation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Domain-knowledge-aided machine learning method for properties prediction of soft magnetic metallic glasses (2022)

A machine learning (ML) method aided by domain knowledge was proposed to predict saturated magnetization (Bs) and critical diameter (Dmax) of soft magnetic metallic glass (MGs). Two datasets were established based on published experimental works about soft magnetic MGs. A general feature space was proposed and proved to be adaptive for ML model training for different prediction tasks. It was found that the predictive performance of ML models was better than traditional physical knowledge-based estimation methods. In addition, domain knowledge aided feature selection can greatly reduce the number of features without significantly reducing the prediction accuracy. Finally, binary classification of the critical size of soft magnetic metallic glass was studied.
SQL-to-Text Generation with Graph-to-Sequence Model (2018)

Previous work approaches the SQL-to-text generation task using vanilla Seq2Seq models, which may not fully capture the inherent graph-structured information in SQL query. In this paper, we first introduce a strategy to represent the SQL query as a directed graph and then employ a graph-to-sequence model to encode the global structure information into node embeddings. This model can effectively learn the correlation between the SQL query pattern and its interpretation. Experimental results on the WikiSQL dataset and Stackoverflow dataset show that our model significantly outperforms the Seq2Seq and Tree2Seq baselines, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.