gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover Feature: Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries (Batteries & Supercaps 5/2020) (2020)

The Cover Feature illustrates a zinc-air battery using crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)-based electrolyte. Gels with lower crosslinker content have higher conductivity and better water retention, while higher crosslinker content in the gel network can help reduce zinc electrode dendrite formation and shape change. More information can be found in the Article by D. G. Ivey and co-workers.
Device modeling of statistical dopant fluctuations in MOS transistors (2002)

This paper addresses the numerical requirements for device modeling of statistical dopant fluctuations in MOS transistors. It is found that the standard deviation of the threshold voltage V/sub T/ can be properly derived from 2D or 3D simulations using a relatively coarse simulation grid. Evaluating the threshold voltage shift arising from dopant fluctuations, on the other hand, calls for a full 3D approach with a numerical grid that is sufficiently refined to represent the discrete nature of the dopant distribution. The average V/sub T/-shift is found to be positive for long, narrow devices, and negative for short, wide devices.
Development of a dextrin-based hydrogel for bone regeneration (2014)

[Excerpt] Bone tissue engineering is a very challenging and promising field, which handles with the limitations of bone regenerative capacity and the failure of current orthopedic implants [1]. This work describes the preparation and characterization of an injectable dextrin-based hydrogel (oDex) able to incorporate nanoparticles, cells, biomolecules or Bonelike~ granules [2]. (...)
Preliminary Results of Combining Thread-Level Speculation and Just-in-Time Compilation in Google’s V8 (2013)

We present the first implementation of Thread-Level Speculation in combination with Just-in-time compilation. The implementation is done in Google’s V8, a well-known JavaScript engine, and evaluated on 15 popular web application executing on 2, 4, and 8 core computers. Our results show an average speedup of 2.9 on 4 cores, without any JavaScript code modifications. Further, we have found that the Just-in-time compilation time is significant, and that most functions are lazily compiled (approximately 80%) and that V8 contains features that are advantageous in Thread-Level Speculation.
Application of the down-flow fluidized bed to the anaerobic treatment of wine distillery wastewater (1998)

This paper presents the results of the operation of a down-flow anaerobic fluidized bed treating red wine distillery wastewater during 1.5 years (laboratory scale). The carrier employed was ground perlite, an expanded volcanic rock (density 213 kg m −1 , diameter 0.968 mm). After a 2 months start-up period, organic loading rate (OLR) was increased stepwise by reducing hydraulic retention time (HRT). The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 75 and 95%, at a OLR of 17 kg TOC m −3 d −1 (total organic carbon), at an HRT of 0.35 days. The results observed showed that the inverse fluidized bed can be an interesting option for anaerobic wastewater treatment.
Predicting Vortex Shedding in Supersonic Flow (1986)

Nonlinear aerodyanmic characteristics of missile bodies computed. Program NOZVTX calculates nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics and flow fields of missile bodies at various angles-of-attack and roll in supersonic flow. Output includes geometry, centroids, and surface pressure of source panels and positions, strengths, and velocity components of shed vortexes. NOZVTX written in FORTRAN IV for batch execution.
Response of canine cardiocyte lysosomes to ATP (1985)

The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintenance of cardiac lysosome latency. Highly latent lysosomes were isolated from adult canine ventricular myocytes or cardiocytes and exhibited latency values (based on % free N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, NAGA) of 29.3 +/- 4.7% (SE), minimal cross contamination by mitochondria (less than 2% cardiolipin by weight) and only 1.68% of the total cytochrome c oxidase activity; enzymatic enrichments ranged from 10-fold for NAGA to almost 50-fold for cathepsin B. Incubations of cardiocyte lysosomes at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C for up to 1 h resulted in changes in the rate of loss in lysosomal latency when ATP levels were adjusted from 0.0 to 5.0 mM; under these conditions as ED50 of 0.62 mM ATP was determined. The protection afforded by ATP was reversed by addition of the H+ ionophore m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (CCCP) at 10 microM to the lysosomal suspensions. A significant increase in lysosomal membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescent polarization of diphenylhexatriene, was also seen in the absence of ATP. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) afforded significant protection only at the very highest concentration (5.0 mM); inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) did not protect against loss of latency at any concentration. Thus ATP exerts a significant stabilizing effect on cardio(myo)cyte lysosomes in vitro and may be one of the metabolites regulating lysosomal integrity in vivo.
LineScout Technology Opens the Way to Robotic Inspection and Maintenance of High-Voltage Power Lines (2015)

Historically, the inspection and maintenance of high-voltage power lines have been performed by linemen using various traditional means. In recent years, the use of robots appeared as a new and complementary method of performing such tasks, as several initiatives have been explored around the world. Among them is the teleoperated robotic platform called LineScout Technology, developed by Hydro-Québec, which has the capacity to clear most obstacles found on the grid. Since its 2006 introduction in the operations, it is considered by many utilities as the pioneer project in the domain. This paper's purpose is to present the mobile platform design and its main mechatronics subsystems to support a comprehensive description of the main functions and application modules it offers. This includes sensors and a compact modular arm equipped with tools to repair cables and broken conductor strands. This system has now been used on many occasions to assess the condition of power line infrastructure and some results are presented. Finally, future developments and potential technologies roadmap are briefly discussed.
Nitrogen-Doped Arginine Carbon Dots and Its Metal Nanoparticle Composites as Antibacterial Agent (2020)

Nitrogen (N)-doped arginine carbon dots (Arg CD) were successfully synthesized using arginine as the amine source and citric acid as the carbon source via a one-pot green synthesis microwave-assisted technique in 2 min. Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NP) were generated within N-doped Arg CDs as composite Arg-Ag CDs and Arg-Cu CDs to render enhanced antibacterial properties. TEM analysis revealed that Arg CDs are in graphitic structures with d spacing ranging from 0.5 nm to 10 nm. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of Arg CDs with 6.250 mg/mL were decreased by about 100-fold for Arg-Ag CDs and ten-fold for Arg-Cu CDs with 0.062 and 0.625 mg/mL MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The highest antibacterial susceptibility was observed for the Arg-Ag CD composite with 0.125 and 0.312 mg/mL minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Gram negative S. aureus and Gram positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria strains, respectively. It was found that the metal NPs within Arg CDs significantly increased the antibacterial properties of CDs making them available in the treatment of infections caused by different bacterial species. Furthermore, Arg-Ag CD and Arg-Cu CD composites were tested for Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) that break down acetylcholine (ACh) into choline and acetic acid leading to the loss of ACh which plays an essential role as neurotransmitter in Alzheimer disease. It was found that Arg-Cu CDs inhibited 74.9 ± 0.8% and Arg-Ag CDs inhibited 52.1 ± 3.8% of AChE at a 1.82 mg/mL concentration versus no inhibition for Arg-CD. Moreover, the chelating activity of Arg-Cu CDs and Arg-Ag CDs were tested for Fe(II) and it was found that almost 100% chelating was attained at 116 μg composites versus no measurable chelation for bare Arg CDs, suggesting the potential neurodegenerative disease treatment properties of these composite CDs in the brain.
A novel strategy to label abnormalities for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy frames sequence (2011)

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is the most accurate, patient-friendly diagnostic tool that allows physicians to see the patient's whole gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine. However, reviewing capsule endoscopic video is a labor intensive task and very time consuming. Also the diagnosis process by WCE videos is not real-time. All above limitations motivate us to develop an approach to automatically detect the abnormalities in real time. In this paper we propose a novel strategy to detect abnormal frame for WCE videos. The key idea of the proposed strategy is to define the Frame Abnormality Index (FAI) using the ratio of training and testing data densities, where training dataset only consist of normal samples and testing dataset consist of both normal and abnormal samples. We select training and testing database from several WCE video segments to do our pilot experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy achieves promising performances.
Prototype edge-grown nanowire sensor array for the real-time monitoring and classification of multiple gases (2020)

The monitoring and classification of different gases using a single resistive semiconductor sensor are challenging because of the similar response characteristics. An array of separated sensors can be used as an electronic nose, but such arrays have a bulky structure and complex fabrication processes. Herein, we easily fabricated a gas-sensor array based on edge-grown SnO2 nanowires for the real-time monitoring and classification of multiple gases. The array comprised four sensors and was designed on a glass substrate. SnO2 nanowires were grown on-chip from the edge of electrodes, made contact together, and acted as sensing elements. This method was advantageous over the post-synthesis technique because the SnO2 nanowires were directly grown from the edge of the electrodes rather than on the surface. Accordingly, damage to the electrode was avoided by alloying Sn with Pt at a high growth temperature. The sensing characteristics of the sensor array were further examined for different gases, including methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen. Radar plots were used to improve the selective detection of different gases and enable effective classification.
Design and fabrication of broad-band silica-based optical waveguide couplers with asymmetric structure (1992)

Waveguide-type directional couplers with different guide widths in the interactive region are designed and fabricated with silica-based waveguides on silicon substrates. It is demonstrated that these asymmetric couplers have broadband coupling-ratios of, for example, 50%+or-5%, 25%+or-3%, or 5%+or-2% over a wide wavelength range from 1.3 to 1.55 mu m, which are in good agreement with the results calculated using the beam propagation method (BPM). The excess loss of these couplers is as low as 0.7 dB, including input and output single-mode fiber coupling losses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-Velocity Palladium Catalysis (1992)

Enal-derived 2-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolanones undergo exceptionally fast palladium-catalyzed reactions with sodium tetraphenylborate. Turnover rates as high as 660 min-1 have been observed in the presence of suitable palladium(II) and palladium(0) catalyst precursors, including [(μ-chloro)(1,2,3-η3-2-propen-1-yl)palladium(II)]2, bis(acetonitrilo)dichloropalladium(II), and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium(0). An allylpalladium mechanism is proposed on the basis of model studies of the stoichiometric and catalytic reaction chemistry of isolable allylnickel and allylpalladium analogs of the proposed reaction intermediates. Possible explanations for the high reaction velocities are discuss
Enabling foil windings of medium-frequency transformers for high currents (2020)

In foil windings of medium-frequency transformers rated for several hundred Ampères and operating at ten or several tens of kHz, parallel connection of foils is necessary to provide sufficient conductor cross-section. In this case, careful winding design is required to keep circulating currents among the foils under control. Such currents were investigated by means of an analytical model, a 2-d finite-element model, and measurements on a reduced-scale transformer for the case of two parallel connected foils. Simulations and measurements yield a consistent picture and show the potential of high extra losses in foil windings with unmitigated circulating currents. In particular, spiral windings of many turns may incur a circulating current that exceeds the useful net current by far if the inductance of the foil connections is small. Practically, it can be expected that the inductance of the foil connections leads to a noticeable reduction of the circulating current. This reduction, however, is not sufficient to bring the AC losses down to acceptable levels, such that it is recommended to transpose the foils between series-connected winding portions. Transposition largely cancels out the axial magnetic flux in the radial gaps between the parallel connected foils. The effectiveness of transposition in balancing the foil currents at frequencies up to 40 kHz is shown both theoretically and experimentally for aluminum foils of 0.2 mm thickness. With proper transposition, the extra AC losses due to circulating currents between foils can be reduced to practically negligible levels.
Error-state Kalman filter for lower-limb kinematic estimation: Evaluation on a 3-body model (2021)

Human lower-limb kinematic measurements are critical for many applications including gait analysis, enhancing athletic performance, reducing or monitoring injury risk, augmenting warfighter performance, and monitoring elderly fall risk, among others. We present a new method to estimate lower-limb kinematics using an error-state Kalman filter that utilizes an array of body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) and four kinematic constraints. We evaluate the method on a simplified 3-body model of the lower limbs (pelvis and two legs) during walking using data from simulation and experiment. Evaluation on this 3-body model permits direct evaluation of the ErKF method without several confounding error sources from human subjects (e.g., soft tissue artefacts and determination of anatomical frames). RMS differences for the three estimated hip joint angles all remain below 0.2 degrees compared to simulation and 1.4 degrees compared to experimental optical motion capture (MOCAP). RMS differences for stride length and step width remain within 1% and 4%, respectively compared to simulation and 7% and 5%, respectively compared to experiment (MOCAP). The results are particularly important because they foretell future success in advancing this approach to more complex models for human movement. In particular, our future work aims to extend this approach to a 7-body model of the human lower limbs composed of the pelvis, thighs, shanks, and feet.
Techniques for enhancing JPEG XR / HD Photo rate-distortion performance for particular fidelity metrics (2008)

This paper explores several encoder-side techniques aimed at improving the compression performance of encoding for the draft JPEG XR standard. Though the syntax and decoding process are fixed by the standard, significant variation in encoder design and some variation in decoder design are possible. For a variety of selected quality metrics, the paper discusses techniques for achieving better compression performance according to each metric. As a basic reference encoder and decoder for the discussion and modifications, the publically available Microsoft HD Photo DPK (Device Porting Kit) 1.0, on which the draft JPEG XR standard was based, was used. The quality metrics considered include simple mathematical objective metrics (PSNR and L&infin;) as well as pseudo-perceptual metrics (single-scale and multi-scale MSSIM).
High Speed Monitoring System for Electrical Equipments. (2017)

The modern electric equipments include performant monitoring systems based on microcontrollers. The hardware architecture and software structure depend on the application. The paper deals with an experimental monitoring system developed based on a versatile microcontroller and suited transducers, as well as with the user interface that allows the on-line configuration of the hardware system. In order to obtain an optimised code, the assembling programming was chosen, by using the well developed interruption system of the microcontroller. The user interface was developed by the way of Graphic User Interface of Matlab.
Massively Parallel Computations of Damage to a Thin-Walled Structure From Blast (2007)

The objective of this work is to determine initial structural response from a blast threat for the newer class of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels. Import of LNG by ship is expected to significantly increase in the coming decade and there is concern over vulnerability. Current vessels hold up to 160,000 m3 of LNG, while the new vessels will hold up to 266,000 m3. These vessels are double-hulled and have an insulating containment system which keeps the LNG at a temperature of 111 K. Calculations were performed to determine the structural response of these ships from blast using CTH, a shock-physics code, developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The calculations were performed on massively parallel computing platforms (∼1000 processors) due to the number of elements required (∼109). Detailed geometry of the stiffeners, framing, and changing hull thickness with elevation were included, as well as the insulation, LNG, and water. Thus, there is multiphase interaction with the structure. The geometry of these ships fall within a class of problems termed ‘thin-walled problems’ since they require resolution of length scales from ∼10 mm to ∼10 m. In order to capture the smallest length scales an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) feature was used. This feature allows for cells to be concentrated in active regions as the calculation progresses. This paper will discuss the resolution challenges of simulating thin-walled problems, as well as regimes in which shock-physics codes, such as CTH, are appropriate for application. Results will be provided without disclosure of threats.
Antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of Annona squamosa leaves are possibly mediated through quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (2007)

Present investigation was made to reveal the involvement of a quercetin in the antidiabetic and antiperoxidative effects of Annona squamosa leaf extract. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (characterized by UV, IR, MS and NMR analyses) was isolated from Annona squamosa leaves and examined for its potential to regulate alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats. While in alloxan treated animals, an increase in the concentration of serum glucose with a parallel decrease in insulin level was observed, administration of 15 mg/kg/day of isolated quercetin-3-O-glucoside for 10 consecutive days to the hyperglycemic animals reversed these effects and simultaneously inhibited the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. It further decreased the hepatic and renal LPO with a concomitant increase in the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in glutathione (GSH) content, indicating its safe and antiperoxidative effects. These findings suggest the potential of quercetin-3-O-glucoside in the amelioration of diabetes mellitus and tissue lipid peroxidation. It also appears that the antidiabetic effects of A. squamosa leaf extract is possibly mediated through the insulin stimulating and/or free radical scavenging properties of its active constituent, quercetin-3-O-glucoside.
Online Computation of Terminal Ingredients in Distributed Model Predictive Control for Reference Tracking (2022)

A distributed model predictive control scheme is developed for tracking piecewise constant references where the terminal set is reconfigured online, whereas the terminal controller is computed offline. Unlike many standard existing schemes, this scheme yields large feasible regions without performing offline centralized computations. Although the resulting optimal control problem (OCP) is a semidefinite program (SDP), an SDP scalability method based on diagonal dominance is used to approximate the derived SDP by a second-order cone program. The OCPs of the proposed scheme and its approximation are amenable to distributed optimization. Both schemes are evaluated using a power network example and compared to a scheme where the terminal controller is reconfigured online as well. It is found that fixing the terminal controller results in better performance, noticeable reduction in computational cost and similar feasible region compared to the case in which this controller is reconfigured online.
Specificity in Cationic Interaction with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (2013)

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for PNIPAM in 1 M monovalent alkali chloride salt solutions as well as in 0.5 M divalent Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) chloride salt solutions. It was found that the strength for the direct alkali ion-amide O binding is strongly correlated with the size of the ionic radius. The smallest Li(+) ion binds strongest to amide O, and the largest Cs(+) ion has the weakest interaction with the amide bond. For the divalent Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) ions, their interactions with the amide bond are weak and appear to be mediated by the water molecules, particularly in the case of Mg(2+), resulting from their strong hydration. The direct binding between the cations and amide O requires partial desovlation of the ions that is energetically unfavorable for Mg(2+) and also to a great extent for Ca(2+). The higher cation charge makes the electrostatic interaction more favorable but the dehydration process less favorable. This competition between electrostatic interaction and the dehydration process largely dictates whether the direct binding between the cation and amide O is energetically preferred or not. For monovalent alkali ions, it is energetically preferred to bind directly with the amide O. Moreover, Li(+) ion is also found to associate strongly with the hydrophobic residues on PNIPAM.
Parallel Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis X Mimetics on a Solid Phase: Access to a Library of Fucopeptides (1998)

A novel anchoring group p-(acyloxymethyl)benzylidene acetal (p-AMBA) enables the bidirectional functionalization of glycosylated amino acid derivatives and thus the rapid parallel synthesis of fucopeptides as sialyl Lewis X mimetics on a solid phase [Eq. (a), PEG-PS=poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymer]. This led to the discovery of new mimetics against P-selectin with IC50 values in the low μM range.
A Web Resource for Exploring the CORD-19 Dataset Using Root- and Rule-Based Phrases (2020)

This short paper describes a web resource-the NIST CORD-19 Web Resource-for community explorations of the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). The tools for exploration in the web resource make use of the NIST-developed Root- and Rule-based method, which exploits underlying linguistic structures to create terms that represent phrases in a corpus. The method allows for auto-suggesting-related terms to discover terms to refine the search of a COVID-19 heterogenous document base. The method also produces taxonomic structures in the target domain as well as providing semantic information about the relationships between terms. This term structure can serve as a basis for creating topic modeling and trend analysis tools. In this paper, we describe use of a novel search engine to demonstrate some of the capabilities above.