gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Breast scintigraphy with technetium 99m sestamibi, as support to radiologic methods in the study of breast lesions]. (1996)

Our study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sestamibi (MIBI) as a support to mammography and US in the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. Twenty-seven women with breast lesions were examined: the masses, detected at mammography and US, ranged in diameter 0.7 to 2.5 cm; mass features suggested a benign lesion in 5 patients, a malignant lesion in 9 patients and a questionable diagnosis in 13 patients. 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphic images were analyzed blind by two observers and the pattern was considered positive when tracer uptake was demonstrated at the lesion. In neoplastic lesions, tracer uptake was looked for also in the axilla. All the patients were submitted to surgery and, in case of malignancy, lymphadenectomy was also performed. MIBI scintigraphy was negative in 14/16 benign lesions and positive in 9/11 malignant lesions. Tracer uptake in the axilla was observed in 3 of 5 patients with nodal involvement. Scintigraphy had 82% sensitivity, 87% specificity and 85% accuracy in the diagnosis of breast cancers.
A method of reducing model space for dynamic causal modelling (2013)

An increasingly important concept in psychiatric neuroimaging is that of brai nconnectivity. Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) has been successfully usedto infer how spatially remote areas of the brain integrate to form functionalnetworks. A potential disadvantage to DCM is the need to predefine a modelbased on a hypothesis about the underlying connectivity. This requirementsmeans the results are dependent on the assumptions about model structure,and important features of the underlying network may be ignored. Here wepresent a method for identifying the model structure in a way t hat discardsthe a priori knowledge that is typically used to constrain model space. Thisallows DCM to be used in a more data-driven way, and allows the optimalmodel within a network of nodes to be identified. The thesis consists of 3studies that together provide a generic framework for a novel approach toDCM and validation that it works, and offers a significant computationaladvantage to traditional DCM.The first study demonstrates that the connectivity within a system of brainregions can be ascertained from inferring the connectivity within smallersystems, which consist of regions taken from the entire system. By analysingthe data in this fashion, we can effectively explore the entire networkstructure space, but estimate a much smaller number of models than wouldbe typical. The second study applies the method to a multicentre dataset andshows that Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) results are reproducible atdifferent centres and across different sessions. The findings show that DCMis robust enough to be used in multicentre studies and that our exploratoryapproach is just as effective as traditional approaches to DCM. The thirdstudy applies the method to a standard psychiatric imaging dataset; animplicit emotional processing face recognition task performed by patientswith major depressive disorder (MDD) vs healthy controls (HC). The MDDpatients perform a follow up scan having being treated with theantidepressant citalopram. The study shows that the developed method canbe used to identify the optimal model structure in order to make inferenceson effective connectivity parameters, and identify differences between patientand control groups, and before and after treatment.
A multiplicity of muscarinic mechanisms: Enough signaling pathways to take your breath away (2000)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Incremental potential contact (2020)

Contacts weave through every aspect of our physical world, from daily household chores to acts of nature. Modeling and predictive computation of these phenomena for solid mechanics is important to every discipline concerned with the motion of mechanical systems, including engineering and animation. Nevertheless, efficiently time-stepping accurate and consistent simulations of real-world contacting elastica remains an outstanding computational challenge. To model the complex interaction of deforming solids in contact we propose Incremental Potential Contact (IPC) - a new model and algorithm for variationally solving implicitly time-stepped nonlinear elastodynamics. IPC maintains an intersection- and inversion-free trajectory regardless of material parameters, time step sizes, impact velocities, severity of deformation, or boundary conditions enforced. Constructed with a custom nonlinear solver, IPC enables efficient resolution of time-stepping problems with separate, user-exposed accuracy tolerances that allow independent specification of the physical accuracy of the dynamics and the geometric accuracy of surface-to-surface conformation. This enables users to decouple, as needed per application, desired accuracies for a simulation's dynamics and geometry. The resulting time stepper solves contact problems that are intersection-free (and thus robust), inversion-free, efficient (at speeds comparable to or faster than available methods that lack both convergence and feasibility), and accurate (solved to user-specified accuracies). To our knowledge this is the first implicit time-stepping method, across both the engineering and graphics literature that can consistently enforce these guarantees as we vary simulation parameters. In an extensive comparison of available simulation methods, research libraries and commercial codes we confirm that available engineering and computer graphics methods, while each succeeding admirably in custom-tuned regimes, often fail with instabilities, egregious constraint violations and/or inaccurate and implausible solutions, as we vary input materials, contact numbers and time step. We also exercise IPC across a wide range of existing and new benchmark tests and demonstrate its accurate solution over a broad sweep of reasonable time-step sizes and beyond (up to h = 2s) across challenging large-deformation, large-contact stress-test scenarios with meshes composed of up to 2.3M tetrahedra and processing up to 498K contacts per time step. For applications requiring high-accuracy we demonstrate tight convergence on all measures. While, for applications requiring lower accuracies, e.g. animation, we confirm IPC can ensure feasibility and plausibility even when specified tolerances are lowered for efficiency.
Allogeneic marrow transplantation for primary myelofibrosis and myelofibrosis secondary to polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocytosis (1997)

Primary myelofibrosis is a clonal haemopoietic disorder, incurable with conventional therapy, and associated with a median survival of 4-5 years. Patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocytosis who progress into a myelofibrotic picture also have a poor prognosis. Between 1980 and 1996, 13 patients with myelofibrosis due to one of these three myeloproliferative disorders (primary myelofibrosis [n=8], essential thrombocytosis [n=3], polycythaemia vera [n=2]) underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation in Seattle. The median age was 40 years (range 18-49). The median time from myeloproliferative diagnosis to transplantation was 39 months (range 5-192). Three patients received preparative regimens containing total body irradiation and 10 received busulphan-cyclophosphamide regimens. Nine patients received marrow from HLA-matched related donors, one from a one antigen mismatched related donor, and three from HLA-matched unrelated donors. The median time to both granulocyte and platelet engraftment was 21 d. Nine patients survive between 1.2 and 7.1 years post-transplant. Two patients relapsed at 1 year post-transplant, both of whom survive in a chronic myeloproliferative state. Four patients died of transplant-related complications between 43 d and 2.2 years post-transplant. At 1 year post-transplant the majority of the disease-free survivors have normal peripheral blood counts and none-to-minimal marrow fibrosis. These preliminary results are encouraging, and suggest that stem cell transplantation can be curative therapy for selected patients with myelofibrosis.
Galectins: A Family of Animal Lectins That Decipher Glycocodes (1996)

Galectins, animal lectins exhibiting specificity for galactosides, are now known to be widely distributed from lower invertebrates, such as sponges and nematodes, to higher vertebrates. The origin of the family can be traced back to the Precambrian era. They are classified into proto-, chimera-, and tandem-repeat types on the basis of protein architecture. The molecular functions of these types should be different because they can cross-link pairs of biomolecules of different combinations. Their biological significance, however, is not yet fully understood because they are involved in too many phenomena, such as differentiation, morphogenesis, metastasis, etc., and too many problems remain unsolved, such as those regarding their controversial cellular localization, mechanism of externalization, etc. Nevertheless, such difficulties seem to indicate their importance as household equipment and their common roles throughout the animal kingdom. They are likely to be responsible for recognizing the N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structure, which is included in various glycoconjugates and considered to be an important glycocode, and then carry out appropriate tasks under given circumstances. Recently, crystallographic studies revealed that galectins and legume lectins such as concanavalin A have a common topology in spite of the absence of sequence homology. This suggests a possible relationship between animal and plant lectins, and the existence of a lectin super family. Studies on the galectin family are becoming increasingly important for glycobiology.
Tumores palpebrales: correlación clínico-patológica de 1334 casos (2004)

Serie prospectiva que analiza los aspectos epidemiologicos y de correlacion clinico-patologica de 1334 tumores palpebrales, observandose un incremento progresivo de su frecuencia anual desde 1992 hasta la actualidad, sin que se recoja en ningun trabajo de la literatura su incidencia real en nuestro medio. La mayoria de las lesiones tumorales palpebrales son de estirpe epitelial, preferentemente epidermica, seguidas por las de origen anexial. La mayoria de los tumores de la serie son de naturaleza benigna y, dentro de este grupo, destaca por su mayor frecuencia la queratosis seborreica, siendo dentro de los malignos el mas frecuente el carcinoma basocelular, que se localiza sobre todo en el parpado inferior y canto interno. Analizando y cruzando entre si distintos datos clinicos como son el sexo, la edad, la localizacion y el tamano tumoral se extraen algunas conclusiones interesantes: - El tamano medio de las lesiones malignas es superior al de las benignas. - No hay diferencias de incidencia tumoral por sexo, salvo la mayor frecuencia de tumores malignos en hombres y el predominio en mujeres de lesiones benignas. - Los tumores malignos se producen mas frecuentemente en edades avanzadas y se localizan en parpado inferior y canto interno. Las lesiones benignas son mas frecuentes en ninos y jovenes y en en parpado superior. - El nevus se localiza con una frecuencia elevada a nivel del borde libre palpebral. - Las lesiones con caracteristicas de bilateralidad y/o multifocalidad son mas frecuentemente benignas. Se han analizado los diagnosticos clinico e histopatologico en todas las lesiones de la serie, observandose una correlacion clinico-patologica aceptable en terminos de benignidad/malignidad, pero mas variable en cuanto a los diagnosticos clinicos de entidades concretas. Por ultimo, estudiando la base anatomopatologica del cuerno cutaneo, se ha observado que corresponde mayoritari
Weed Growth Stage Estimator Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

This study outlines a new method of automatically estimating weed species and growth stages (from cotyledon until eight leaves are visible) of in situ images covering 18 weed species or families. Images of weeds growing within a variety of crops were gathered across variable environmental conditions with regards to soil types, resolution and light settings. Then, 9649 of these images were used for training the computer, which automatically divided the weeds into nine growth classes. The performance of this proposed convolutional neural network approach was evaluated on a further set of 2516 images, which also varied in term of crop, soil type, image resolution and light conditions. The overall performance of this approach achieved a maximum accuracy of 78% for identifying <i>Polygonum</i> spp. and a minimum accuracy of 46% for blackgrass. In addition, it achieved an average 70% accuracy rate in estimating the number of leaves and 96% accuracy when accepting a deviation of two leaves. These results show that this new method of using deep convolutional neural networks has a relatively high ability to estimate early growth stages across a wide variety of weed species.
A simple and high‐yield synthesis of (S)‐BZM, (R)‐BZM AND (S)‐IBZM for the preparation of (S)‐123I‐IBZM (1990)

Abstract (S)‐2‐Hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐N‐[(1‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamide ((S)‐BZM; (S)‐ 5a ), the precursor of (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐ 123 I‐iodo‐6‐methoxy‐N‐[(1‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamide ((S)‐ 123 I‐IBZM) was synthesized via a simple method and in high yield starting from 2,6‐dimethoxybenzoic acid ( 1a ). N‐Hydroxysuccinimide/dicyclohexyl‐carbodiimide (DCC) was used as activating system in the reaction of 1a with (S)‐2‐aminomethyl‐1‐ethylpyrrolidine ( 3a ).
Computational Modeling of a Segmented-Involute-Foil Regenerator for Stirling Engines (2009)

A microfabricated, segmented-involute-foil regenerator was numerically investigated using the Fluent commercial software under both steady- and oscillatory-flow conditions and using two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Steady-state simulations were performed for Re = 50-2000. The oscillatory-flow conditions were performed for Re max = 50 and Re ω = 0.229, with the hot end at 310 K and the cold end at 293 K. For the steady-state three-dimensional simulation, both the local friction factor and the local mean Nusselt numbers started to depart from the two-dimensional simulation values upon entering the second layer. At the entrance of every layer, the forced reorientation of the flow results in small rises of both the friction factor and the mean Nusselt number, with subsequent decrease as the flow settles into the new layer. As for the oscillatory-flow simulations, the two-dimensional model was used to study the effects of changing 1) the oscillation amplitude and frequency, 2) the thermal contact resistance between layers, and 3) the solid material. The effects of these parameters on the total regenerator heat loss (convection and conduction) were documented and are expected to be a useful tool for further development of Stirling engine regenerators.
Geographic distribution of trauma centers and injury-related mortality in the United States (2015)

Therapeutic/care management study, level IV.
A manufacturable embedded fluorinated SiO/sub 2/ for advanced 0.25 μm CMOS VLSI multilevel interconnect applications (2002)

We have integrated fluorinated SiO/sub 2/ (F-SiO/sub 2/) films with k=3.5 deposited using HDP-CVD into a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The significance of this process is that the deposition tool (HDP-CVD) and the processing step (gap fill) are identical to the reference process. We simply replace deposition of undoped SiO/sub 2/ (k=4.0) in HDP-CVD for gap fill with deposition of F-SiO/sub 2/. We have optimized the HDP-CVD process for stable F-SiO/sub 2/ films. The interlevel dielectric (ILD) is composed of HDP-CVD oxide for gap fill and PETEOS for capping before CMP planarization. This ILD structure uses F-SiO/sub 2/ embedded between metal lines. We have compared electrical results obtained from wafers processed using three-level metal 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with embedded F-SiO/sub 2/ ILD. Results obtained from contact resistance, contact yields and CMOS transistor characteristics are comparable. Moreover, FN stress results show that the gate oxide of NMOS devices has less damage for the F-SiO/sub 2/ split. We have obtained 11% capacitance reduction when comparing embedded F-SiO/sub 2/ to SiO/sub 2/ using metal comb capacitors. The effectiveness of this low k material in circuit performance is also demonstrated. Without optimizing the layout to maximize the benefits of using low k dielectrics in interconnects, the propagation delay of an 88-stage gate array shows 2.5% improvement using embedded F-SiO/sub 2/ as ILD.
Enhanced production of amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526 by medium optimisation using a statistical experimental design (2009)

In the present work, statistical experimental methodology was used to enhance the production of amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526. R. erythropolis MTCC 1526 was selected through screening of seven strains of Rhodococcus species. The Placket-Burman screening experiments suggested that sorbitol as carbon source, yeast extract and meat peptone as nitrogen sources, and acetamide as amidase inducer are the most influential media components. The concentrations of these four media components were optimised using a face-centred design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum medium composition for amidase production was found to contain sorbitol (5 g/L), yeast extract (4 g/L), meat peptone (2.5 g/L), and acetamide (12.25 mM). Amidase activities before and after optimisation were 157.85 units/g dry cells and 1,086.57 units/g dry cells, respectively. Thus, use of RSM increased production of amidase from R. erythropolis MTCC 1526 by 6.88-fold.
Methylated Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP3) Gene: Evaluation of Tumor Suppressor Function and Biomarker Potential in Biliary Cancer (2013)

These findings strongly support a tumor suppressor role for <i>BMP3</i> in CC and suggest that <i>BMP3</i> methylation may be a new biomarker for early detection of CCs. of the peptidome are also involved.
822 Local radiotherapy synergizes with tumor-specific TCR redirected T cells in the rejection of prostate cancer (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has become a promising option for cancer patients. While tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were initially exploited as a source of tumor reactive lymphocytes, T cells genetically redirected to the tumor by TCR/CAR gene transfer are now in clinical validation. In the case of solid tumors, unfavorable immunosuppressive microenvironments remain recognized barriers to therapeutic efficacy. We have recently reported that the therapeutic activity of ACT against poorly immunogenic and indolent prostate cancer is improved by the concurrent targeting of the tumor stroma by mean of T cells redirected to an ubiquitously expressed minor histocompatibility antigen or a tumor vessel targeted TNF derivative. We have now taken the concept further and hypothesized that local radiotherapy (RT), might also synergize with ACT by promoting lymphocyte endothelial transmigration and tumor recognition, and ultimately favor abscopal effects. <h3>Methods</h3> We investigated the combination of local RT and ACT in TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice and in mice bearing subcutaneous B16/B16-OVA (MO4) or TRAMP-C2/TRAMP-C2-OVA tumors. Local RT was delivered by X-RAD SmART (the Small Animal Radiation Therapy) microirradiator in single dose or hypo-fractioned regimens. ACT consisted of T cells engineered with tumor-specific TCRs. Immunogenic consequences were analyzed by Real-Time PCR, and flow cytometry (FACS) analyses. Prostate tumor debulking was evaluated by histological analyses. <h3>Results</h3> We found that local hypofractionated RT and ACT, while individually inefficacious in controlling tumor growth, concurred to the debulking of advanced prostate adenocarcinoma when used in combination in treating TRAMP mice. Mechanistically, exposing isolated tumor cells, or the TRAMP mouse prostate to hypo-fractionated RT regimens induced stronger type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses, when compared to single high dose. Acutely, hypofractionated RT promoted better immune tumor infiltration, among which TCR redirected effector cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Data support feasibility and efficacy of combining hypo-fractionated local RT with ACT in the form of TCR engineered T cells to promote prostate cancer recognition and eradication. Tumor debulking was observed in the absence of treatment-related toxicity. Systemic recirculation of TCR redirected T cells was observed. We are now investigating therapeutic effects at distal (metastatic) sites. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The authors acknowledge the support of the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> The studies involving animals were approved by The Institutional Ethical Committee (IACUC#999).
Chemical Composition, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pelargonium peltatum Essential Oils from Eastern Cape, South Africa (2023)

<i>Pelargonium</i> species are native to South Africa, and they have a long history in medicinal use. This study aimed to extract essential oils from different parts of <i>P. peltatum</i>, determine the chemical composition of the essential oils, and assess the essential oils' biological potential as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distilling different parts of <i>P. peltatum</i>, and the essential profile was determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. The analgesic activity of the essential oil was determined by using a tail immersion in hot water method in rats, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils was assessed according to right hind paw oedema induced by egg albumin; the three doses selected for each experiment were 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. According to the GC-FID and GC-MS analysis, camphene (3.6-33.4%), α-terpineol (4.8-19.1%), α-thujone (1.5-15.6%), piperitone (0.9-12.2%), linalool (1.6-11.7%), myrcene (5.2-10.7%), germacrene D (3.7-10.4%), β-caryophyllene (1.2-9.5%), β-cadinene (3.4-6.7%), and β-bourbonene (4.2-6.2%) were some of the major compounds identified in the oil. <i>P. peltatum</i> essential oils demonstrated analgesic activity by increasing pain latency in hot water; furthermore, in an inflammation test, the essential oil reduced the egg-albumin-induced paw oedema in both the first and second phases. Therefore, the current findings suggest that <i>P. peltatum</i> essential oils have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.