gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Langevin Monte Carlo for Contextual Bandits (2022)

We study the efficiency of Thompson sampling for contextual bandits. Existing Thompson sampling-based algorithms need to construct a Laplace approximation (i.e., a Gaussian distribution) of the posterior distribution, which is inefficient to sample in high dimensional applications for general covariance matrices. Moreover, the Gaussian approximation may not be a good surrogate for the posterior distribution for general reward generating functions. We propose an efficient posterior sampling algorithm, viz., Langevin Monte Carlo Thompson Sampling (LMC-TS), that uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to directly sample from the posterior distribution in contextual bandits. Our method is computationally efficient since it only needs to perform noisy gradient descent updates without constructing the Laplace approximation of the posterior distribution. We prove that the proposed algorithm achieves the same sublinear regret bound as the best Thompson sampling algorithms for a special case of contextual bandits, viz., linear contextual bandits. We conduct experiments on both synthetic data and real-world datasets on different contextual bandit models, which demonstrates that directly sampling from the posterior is both computationally efficient and competitive in performance.
Cultural considerations in mathematics education in Arizona (1974)

Two groups of people with cultures that are unique and as different from the dominant way of life in Arizona as they would be in any other state, are the Spanishspeaking and the Indians.
SphosSORB: Formaldehyde-Impregnated Sphagnum Moss for Adsorption of Oil and Grease (2007)

Saiful Azhar Saad dan ahli kumpulannya telah memenangi pingat gangsa di PECIPTA 2007 yang telah dianjurkan oleh Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia (KPTM) dengan kerjasama Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia (USM), 10 - 12 Ogos 2007 di Pusat Konvensyen Kuala Lumpur (KLCC), Kuala Lumpur
A Digital-Domain Calibration of Split-Capacitor DAC for a Differential SAR ADC Without Additional Analog Circuits (2013)

A digital-domain calibration method is proposed for a split-capacitor DAC (split-CDAC) used in a differential-type 11-bit SAR ADC. It calibrates the nonlinearities of SAR ADC due to the DAC capacitance mismatch as well as the two parasitic capacitances connected in parallel with each of the bridge capacitor and the LSB bank of split-CDAC. The proposed ADC does not require any additional analog circuits for calibration, because it utilizes one of the two split-CDACs to measure the error codes of the other split-CDAC. During the normal A/D conversion step, the 11.5-bit raw SAR code output of ADC is added to the pre-measured error codes to generate the 11-bit calibrated output code. The analog block of the ADC was fabricated in a 0.13- μm CMOS process, and the digital block was implemented in a FPGA. The measured SNDR and SFDR are 61.6 dB (ENOB 9.93 bits) and 78 dB at the Nyquist rate with a 5 kHz sine wave input. INL and DNL are measured to be +0.96/-0.98 LSB, and +0.96/-0.97 LSB, respectively. This work extends the prior work by utilizing an additional 0.5-bit raw SAR code to eliminate the missing code, and by employing a temporal averaging with a FIR LPF to measure the error code reliably in spite of the supply noise.
Solution-Phase Mechanistic Study and Solid-State Structure of a Tris(bipyridinium radical cation) Inclusion Complex (2011)

The ability of the diradical dicationic cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT2(•+)) ring to form inclusion complexes with 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium radical cationic (BIPY•+) guests has been investigated mechanistically and quantitatively. Two BIPY•+ radical cations, methyl viologen (MV•+) and a dibutynyl derivative (V•+), were investigated as guests for the CBPQT2(•+) ring. Both guests form trisradical complexes, namely, CBPQT2(•+)⊂MV•+ and CBPQT2(•+)⊂V•+, respectively. The structural details of the CBPQT2(•+)⊂MV•+ complex, which were ascertained by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, reveal that MV•+ is located inside the cavity of the ring in a centrosymmetric fashion: the 1:1 complexes pack in continuous radical cation stacks. A similar solid-state packing was observed in the case of CBPQT2(•+) by itself. Quantum mechanical calculations agree well with the superstructure revealed by X-ray crystallography for CBPQT2(•+)⊂MV•+ and further suggest an electronic asymmetry in the SOMO caused by radical-pairing interactions. The electronic asymmetry is maintained in solution. The thermodynamic stability of the CBPQT2(•+)⊂MV•+ complex was probed by both isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and UV/vis spectroscopy, leading to binding constants of (5.0 ± 0.6) × 104 M–1 and (7.9 ± 5.5) × 104 M–1, respectively. The kinetics of association and dissociation were determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy, yielding a kf and kb of (2.1 ± 0.3) × 106 M–1 s–1 and 250 ± 50 s–1, respectively. The electrochemical mechanistic details were studied by variable scan rate cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the experimental data were compared digitally with simulated data, modeled on the proposed mechanism using the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained from ITC, UV/vis, and stopped-flow spectroscopy. In particular, the electrochemical mechanism of association/dissociation involves a bisradical tetracationic intermediate CBPQT(2+)(•+)⊂V•+ inclusion complex; in the case of the V•+ guest, the rate of disassociation (kb = 10 ± 2 s–1) was slow enough that it could be detected and quantified by variable scan rate CV. All the experimental observations lead to the speculation that the CBPQT(2+)(•+) ring of the bisradical tetracation complex might possess the unique property of being able to recognize both BIPY•+ radical cation and π-electron-rich guests simultaneously. The findings reported herein lay the foundation for future studies where this radical–radical recognition motif is harnessed particularly in the context of mechanically interlocked molecules and increases our fundamental understanding of BIPY•+ radical–radical interactions in solution as well as in the solid-state.
Influence of Analysis Technique on Measurement of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters (2020)

We compared results from various methods of analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from a single data set consisting of 10 healthy adolescents.
Application of BP Neural Network Algorithm in Traditional Hydrological Model for Flood Forecasting (2017)

Flooding contributes to tremendous hazards every year; more accurate forecasting may significantly mitigate the damages and loss caused by flood disasters. Current hydrological models are either purely knowledge-based or data-driven. A combination of data-driven method (artificial neural networks in this paper) and knowledge-based method (traditional hydrological model) may booster simulation accuracy. In this study, we proposed a new back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and applied it in the semi-distributed Xinanjiang (XAJ) model. The improved hydrological model is capable of updating the flow forecasting error without losing the leading time. The proposed method was tested in a real case study for both single period corrections and real-time corrections. The results reveal that the proposed method could significantly increase the accuracy of flood forecasting and indicate that the global correction effect is superior to the second-order autoregressive correction method in real-time correction.
Hindered Internal Rotation of N, N-Dimethylpropylamines (1973)

The N-methyls in 2, 3-disubstituted N, N-dimethylpropylamines (I-VIII) have given two peaks with an equal intensity in an acid solution owing to the hindered internal rotation about the C-NMe2H+ bond. The energy barriers between two staggered forms have been estimated to be 0.7 (benzylthio)-7 (thiocyanato) kcal mole-1 from the temperature dependence of the peak separations. The high-field shift and the largest separation of the N-methyls in the benzylthio derivative (I) have been ascribed to an anisotropic effect of the benzene ring. 1, 3-Disubstituted 2-N, N-dimethylaminopropanes (IX) and 2-substituted N, N-dimethylethylamines (XII-XV) have shown a single peak for the N-methyls. A restricted rotation about the CH2-CH bond in 2, N, N-trimethylaminoethyl disulfide (X) has been studied by the temperature dependence of the vicinal coupling constants.
Helicobacter pylori Growth and Urease Detection in the Chemically Defined Medium Ham's F-12 Nutrient Mixture (2001)

Obstacles continue to hinder in vitro studies of the gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, including difficulty culturing the organism in the absence of serum or blood, rapid loss of viability following exponential growth due to autolysis, and the necessity for using high starting inocula. We demonstrate that H. pylori grows in the chemically defined broth medium Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture (F-12) in the absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS); this represents a breakthrough for studies in which serum components or proteins interfere with interpretation of results. Cultures can be continually passaged in fresh, FBS-free F-12 medium at an initial inoculum of only approximately 10(3) CFU/ml. All H. pylori strains (n = 21), including fresh clinical isolates, grew in serum-free F-12. H. pylori grew poorly in the related medium, F-10, unless additional zinc was supplied. Enhanced growth of H. pylori in F-12 broth was obtained by addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1 mg/ml), beta-cyclodextrin (200 microg/ml), or cholesterol (50 microg/ml). H. pylori also grew in several simplified versions of F-12 broth lacking glucose and most vitamins but containing hypoxanthine, pyruvate, and all 20 amino acids. On F-12 medium solidified with agar, H. pylori only grew when BSA (98% pure; 1 mg/ml), cholesterol (50 microg/ml), beta-cyclodextrin (200 microg/ml), or FBS (2 to 4%) was added; addition of urea and phenol allowed colorimetric detection of urease activity. Thus, F-12 agar plus cholesterol or beta-cyclodextrin represents the first transparent chemically defined agar and the first urease indicator agar for H. pylori. Several lines of evidence suggested that BSA itself is not responsible for H. pylori growth enhancement in F-12 containing BSA or FBS. Taken together, these innovations represent significant advances in the cultivation and recovery of H. pylori using chemically defined media. Use of F-12 or its derivatives may lead to improved understanding of H. pylori metabolism, virulence factors, and transmission, and result in improved recovery and identification of H. pylori from clinical specimens.
Assembly of Supramolecular Compounds with Water-Soluble Calix[4]arenes (2008)

Three new copper compounds, Cu2[C12H8N2]2[C28H20S4O16][H2O]11.9 (1), Cu2[C12H8N2]3[C28H20S4O16][H2O]5 (2), and Cu2[C12H8N2]4[C24H12S8O16][H2O]10.5 (3), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA analyses. Interestingly, Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. Complexes 1 and 3 contain capsule units, which are further assembled into three-dimensional (3-D) architectures with α-Po-related topology by π−π stacking and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions. In compound 2, the zigzag chains are bridged into a 2-D 63 or 44 net by π−π stacking interactions, which are stacked further into a 3-D supramolecular topology by hydrogen-bonding interactions. It is obvious that the weak intramolecular/intermolecular interactions play an important role in the formation of supramolecular networks, especially in linking low-dimensional entities into high-dimensional supramolecular frameworks. In these complexes (together with two previous compounds we prepared at room temperature), p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (C4AS) and p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (TC4AS) ligands assuming cone shape bond to the copper cations in different ways which facilitate the formation of different topologies. Compounds 1−3 exhibit blue emission in the solid state at room temperature and their thermal properties are examined.
Characterization of C-PDMS electrodes for electrokinetic applications in microfluidic systems (2011)

Full text : http://iopscience.iop.org/0960-1317/21/9/095013/pdf/0960-1317_21_9_095013.pdf
SPECTROSCOPIC AND KINETIC STUDIES ON MAMMALIAN CYTOCHROME OXIDASE (1981)

Mammalian cytochrome oxidase was studied by spectroscopic and kinetic methods to examine the function of cytochromes a and a(,3) in the catalytic mechanism of electron transfer from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen.\nVarious electronic states of cytochrome oxidase were characterized by Reso
Facile Synthesis of Bis‐α‐aminoalkylphosphinates. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Assessment of the genetic variance of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex genetic disorder with no effective treatments. More than 20 common markers have been identified, which are associated with AD. Recently, several rare variants have been identified in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Unc-5 Netrin Receptor C (UNC5C) that affect risk for AD. Despite the many successes, the genetic architecture of AD remains unsolved. We used Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis to (1) estimate phenotypic variance explained by genetics; (2) calculate genetic variance explained by known AD single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and (3) identify the genomic locations of variation that explain the remaining unexplained genetic variance. In total, 53.24% of phenotypic variance is explained by genetics, but known AD SNPs only explain 30.62% of the genetic variance. Of the unexplained genetic variance, approximately 41% is explained by unknown SNPs in regions adjacent to known AD SNPs, and the remaining unexplained genetic variance outside these regions.
[Reflex effects of cough reflex on the tracheobronchial vascular tone (author's transl)]. (1981)

In a previous paper, it was shown that the cough reflex was accompanied by a slight fall of systemic arterial pressure, tracheal constriction and tracheal vasodilation. In the present study, tracheobronchial muscular and vascular tones during the cough reflex were investigated using the blood perfused canine tracheal and bronchial preparations in situ. The cough reflex was elicited with electrical stimulation of the membraneous wall mucosa of the upper trachea. In the blood perfused tracheal preparation, a close intraarterial injection of atropine or bilateral vagotomy inhibited the tracheoconstriction but had no effect on the tracheal vasodilation during the cough reflex. In the blood perfused bronchial preparation, electrical stimulation of the upper tracheal mucosa induced bronchial constriction but not bronchial vasodilation. Lung inflation with air resulted in a bronchial vasodilation and which persisted even after a close intraarterial infusion of atropine and benzonatate and after bilateral vagotomy. These findings indicate that the tracheobronchial constriction response are primary reflex effects following coughing and the tracheobronchial vasodilation responses are secondary reflex effects induced by increase in internal pressure of the respiratory tract.
Bilateral luxatio erecta humeri and bilateral knee dislocations in the same patient. (2007)

Bilateral knee dislocations seldom occur, and fewer than a dozen cases of bilateral luxatio erecta humeri (erect dislocation of the shoulder) have been reported. Here we present the case of a patient who sustained bilateral knee dislocations and bilateral luxatio erecta humeri in a motorcycle accident. Transient neurologic compromise resolved with closed reduction of the bilateral shoulder and left knee dislocations. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with this combination of injuries.
Wave-Current Loading on a Vertical Slender Cylinder by Two Different Numerical Models (2006)

The study of the effects resulting from the interaction of a combined wave-current field with any ocean structure is important for the design and performance evaluation of that structure. The prudent computation of forces exerted by waves and currents is an essential task in the study of the stability of an offshore structure. A study on the loading of an oblique wave and a current field on a fixed vertical slender cylinder in a 3D flow frame is illustrated in Zaman and Baddour (2004). The three dimensional expressions describing the characteristics of the combined wave-current field in terms of mass, momentum and energy flux conservation equations are formulated. The parameters before the interaction of the oblique wave-free uniform current and current-free wave are used to formulate the kinematics of the flow field. These expressions are also employed to formulate and calculate the loads imparted by the wave-current fluid flow on a bottom mounted slender vertical cylinder. In this work a 2D version of the above 3D model called here Model-I has been used for the numerical computations presented in this paper. The second model denoted model-II in the present paper is based on Euler equations. This model is formulated through the vertical integration of the continuity equation and the equations of motions, Zaman et al (1997). A semi-implicit numerical technique is employed for the numerical solution. In the present paper comparisons are made between the results obtained from the 2D version of the above models in finite depth. Both models are then compared with some relevant experimental data. Morison et al equation (1950) is deployed for the load computations in all cases.
Please biofeed the zombies: Enhancing the gameplay and display of a horror game using biofeedback (2019)

This paper describes an investigation into how real-time but low-cost biometric information can be interpreted by computer games to enhance gameplay without fundamentally changing it. We adapted a cheap sensor (the Lightstone mediation sensor device by Wild Divine), to record and transfer biometric information about the player (via sensors that clip over their fingers) into a commercial game engine, Half-Life 2. During game play, the computer game was dynamically modified by the player’s biometric information to increase the cinematically augmented “horror” affordances. These included dynamic changes in the game shaders, screen shake, and the creation of new spawning points for the game’s non-playing characters (zombies), all these features were driven by the player’s biometric data. To evaluate the usefulness of this biofeedback device, we compared it against a control group of players who also had sensors clipped on their fingers, but for the second group the gameplay was not modified by the biometric information of the players. While the evaluation results indicate biometric data can improve the situated feeling of horror, there are many design issues that will need to be investigated by future research, and the judicious selection of theme and appropriate interaction is vital.
Glycosylation analysis of Chinese hamster ovary produced glycoproteins (2014)

Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute of biotherapeutics produced from mammalian cells. Small changes in the glycan structures may have profound effects on the efficacy and functions of the glycoprotein, such as fucosylation of the IgG glycan reducing the ability of the IgG to bind to the FcϒRIIIA receptor. Chinese hamster ovary produced glycoprotein biotherapeutics may contain antigenic glycan structures that must be defined and monitored. Therefore, structural analysis of glycans is a key component in the development and production of glycosylated products. We discuss the current techniques available for glycan, glycopeptide and whole glycoprotein analysis. We emphasize recent analytic developments in high-throughput automated methods, as well as, further refinement of methods for separation and identification of isomers and potentially antigenic structures.
A Possible Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Material (2007)

The different hydrogen evolution rates for Mg immersed in simulated body fluid solutions with and without phosphates signify that the constituents of the body fluid could play different roles in the biodegradation of a magnesium implant. Currebtly, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the corrosion behavior of magnesium in the body fluid.
HUBUNGAN KADAR DEBU DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJATERHADAP GEJALA PENYAKIT SALURAN PERNAPASANPADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI PENGGILINGAN PADI DIKECAMATAN KOTO TANGAHPADANG TAHUN 2012 (2012)

Industri ikut meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, namun industri juga dapat
menimbulkan dampak pencemaran termasuk industri penggilingan padi di Kecamatan
Koto Tangah. Dampak pencemaran industri penggilingan padi berupa damapak
pencemaran udara yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada saluran pernapasan akibat
aktifitas di penggilingan padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar
debu dan karakteristik pekerja pada industri penggilingan padi di Kecamatan Koto
Tangah tahun 2012.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan populasi adalah
semua pekerja penggilingan padi di Kecamatan Koto Tangah dan sampel diambil secara
proportional sampling dengan jumlah 59 orang pekerja. Waktu penelitian bulan Januari-
Juni 2012. Analisis hasil adalah analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi Square Test.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pekerja mengalami gejala
penyakit saluran pernapasan, berumur lebih dari 30 tahun, bekerja lebih dari 5 tahun,
merokok pada saat bekerja dan tidak menggunakan APD pada saat bekerja. Dan juga
menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara umur pekerja, masa kerja,
pemakaian APD dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gejala penyakit saluran pernapasan
serta tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar debu dengan gejala penyakit
saluran pernapasan pada derajat kepercayaan 95%.
Diharapkan pekerja penggilingan padi menggunakan masker pada saat bekerja
dan pengusaha penggilingan padi juga menyediakan masker dan perhatian yang khusus
terhadap kesehatan pekerjanya.
Daftar Pustaka : 32 (1994-2012)
Kata Kunci : Kadar debu, Karakteristik Pekerja, Pekerja Penggilingan Padi
Biochemical Effects of Gum Arabic, Gum Tragacanth, Methylcellulose and Carboxymethylcellulose-Na in Rat Heart and Liver (1978)

Repeated oral administration of commonly used suspending media, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose-Na to rats caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in liver and heart mitochondria and partial inhibition of mixed function oxidases of liver endoplasmic reticulum, as measured by 2-biphenylhydroxylation and 4-biphenylhydroxylation. There were considerable differences between the compounds with regard to potency and reversibility of these effects. Only methylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5% did not alter mitochondrial function and mixed function oxidases. It is recommended as suspending medium for the use in pharmacological and toxicological experiments.