gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of potassium currents as a pharmacologic target for investigation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2010)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents 22-30% of all leukemia cases, thus being the most commonly diagnosed form of adult leukemia in the Western world. On a cellular level, the disease progresses due to the prolonged survival of B-cell CLL cells arrested in the G₀ stage of the cell cycle. The current standard treatment for CLL is a combination regimen containing purine analogues and monoclonal antibodies. Although response rates to such regimens in previously untreated patients are high, patients with CLL invariably experience relapse and often acquire high-risk chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, the search for novel avenues in CLL treatment is warranted. In this manuscript, we will describe theoretical premises and some preliminary data making the case for inhibitors of the potassium currents as possible proapoptotic agents that warrant investigation as a potential pharmacologic target in CLL.
[Characterization of soy peptone for the culture of microorganisms]. (2013)

A soy peptone obtained with enzyme papain as a hydrolyzing agent was characterized. The physicochemical evaluation of the nutritive base attained at pilot and industrial scale showed the following characteristics: loss due to desiccation, 1.93%; aminic nitrogen, 1.71%; total nitrogen, 8.63%; chlorides (as NaCl), 5.45%; and pH, 6.94. For the functional evaluation of the pilot and industrial batches (3), developed soy peptone and another one taken as a reference from the Biotécnica Internacional firm (México), was incorporated to a mixture of bases. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the absorbance values at 640 nm obtained in the promotion of the growth between the developed product and that of reference for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. For Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, it was observed a mild superiority (significant difference for p < 0.05) starting from the 5th hour of incubation in favor of the industrial batches compared with the reference soy peptone. It was proved that the promotion of the growth in the soy triptone agar and broth media and in malt extract agar for the evaluated microorganisms was similar or higher (significant differences for p < 0.05) in those prepared with the experimental soy peptone, in comparison with the formulated with the reference base.
Novel Molecular Clamp Method for Anomeric Stereocontrol of Glycosylation (1999)

Stereocontrolled glycosylation is described by using a molecular clamp, which binds a glycosyl donor to an acceptor and controls their spatial arrangement. An α(1 → 4) glycosidic linkage was formed in a good yield with high selectivity by the use of phthaloyl bridge bound to both 6-positions of a glycosyl donor and an acceptor. β-Selective glycosylation was effected by the use of a silyl bridge attached to the same 6-positions of the same glycosyl donor and acceptor. Application of this method to the synthesis of a maltotetraose derivative is also described.
Linear-time Online Action Detection From 3D Skeletal Data Using Bags of\n Gesturelets (2015)

Sliding window is one direct way to extend a successful recognition system to\nhandle the more challenging detection problem. While action recognition decides\nonly whether or not an action is present in a pre-segmented video sequence,\naction detection identifies the time interval where the action occurred in an\nunsegmented video stream. Sliding window approaches for action detection can\nhowever be slow as they maximize a classifier score over all possible\nsub-intervals. Even though new schemes utilize dynamic programming to speed up\nthe search for the optimal sub-interval, they require offline processing on the\nwhole video sequence. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for online\naction detection based on 3D skeleton sequences extracted from depth data. It\nidentifies the sub-interval with the maximum classifier score in linear time.\nFurthermore, it is invariant to temporal scale variations and is suitable for\nreal-time applications with low latency.\n
Mapping Genetic Variants Associated with Beta-Adrenergic Responses in Inbred Mice (2012)

β-blockers and β-agonists are primarily used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Inter-individual variability in response to both drug classes is well recognized, yet the identity and relative contribution of the genetic players involved are poorly understood. This work is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) addressing the values and susceptibility of cardiovascular-related traits to a selective β(1)-blocker, Atenolol (ate), and a β-agonist, Isoproterenol (iso). The phenotypic dataset consisted of 27 highly heritable traits, each measured across 22 inbred mouse strains and four pharmacological conditions. The genotypic panel comprised 79922 informative SNPs of the mouse HapMap resource. Associations were mapped by Efficient Mixed Model Association (EMMA), a method that corrects for the population structure and genetic relatedness of the various strains. A total of 205 separate genome-wide scans were analyzed. The most significant hits include three candidate loci related to cardiac and body weight, three loci for electrocardiographic (ECG) values, two loci for the susceptibility of atrial weight index to iso, four loci for the susceptibility of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to perturbations of the β-adrenergic system, and one locus for the responsiveness of QTc (p<10(-8)). An additional 60 loci were suggestive for one or the other of the 27 traits, while 46 others were suggestive for one or the other drug effects (p<10(-6)). Most hits tagged unexpected regions, yet at least two loci for the susceptibility of SBP to β-adrenergic drugs pointed at members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Loci for cardiac-related traits were preferentially enriched in genes expressed in the heart, while 23% of the testable loci were replicated with datasets of the Mouse Phenome Database (MPD). Altogether these data and validation tests indicate that the mapped loci are relevant to the traits and responses studied.
Quantitative Cultures of the Cell Fraction and Supernatant of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis in Lung Transplant Recipients (1993)

Results of quantitative shell vial cultures of cell and supernatant fractions of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from lung transplant recipients were compared with results of transbronchial lung biopsies. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was present in both the cell and supernatant fractions, including 28 (80%) and 29 (83%), respectively, of 35 BAL samples with corresponding biopsies that showed evidence of CMV pneumonitis and 34 (15%) and 75 (33%), respectively, of 227 BAL samples with corresponding biopsies that did not. Cultures of unseparated BAL fluid had a similar yield to cultures of supernatant. Virus titers of cell fractions and supernatants from BAL samples with corresponding biopsies that were positive for CMV pneumonitis were higher than those from BALs with negative corresponding biopsies. Culture of the unseparated fluid is recommended for simplicity and to maximize detection of CMV. Quantitative results may help in the identification of CMV pneumonitis, but additional studies are needed before quantitative cultures can be recommended for routine use.
3-D data acquisition and interpretation for virtual reality and telepresence (2002)

We present our long-term effort focused on building a 3-D model acquisition system for teleimmersion applications. In our project we stress fast processing and high fidelity of the result: it is not just geometric accuracy of the recovered geometric model but also radiometric correctness of the recovered surface texture. We suggest that single-type geometric model is not sufficient for modeling large and complex scenes. In this paper, a hierarchy of representations suitable for 3-D structure models recoverable from visual data is presented and the related problems of data acquisition and fusion, outlier identification, and models reconstruction are discussed.
Spatial information based FCM for infrared ship target segmentation (2014)

Segmentation of infrared (IR) ship images is always a challenging task, because of the intensity inhomogeneity and noise. The Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is a classical method widely used in IR ship image segmentation. However, it has some shortcomings, like not considering the spatial information or being sensitive to noise. In this paper, an improved FCM algorithm based on the spatial information is proposed. The improvements include two parts: (1) adding the non-local spatial information based on the ship target; (2) using the spatial shape information of the contour of the ship target to refine the local spatial constraint by Markov Random Field (MRF). A preprocessing procedure and a target selection method are also used to further improve the performance of the segmentation result. Experimental results show that our method is very effective and performs better than the conventional FCM methods in segmentation of the infrared ship images.
Microsatellite instability is associated with tumors that characterize the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome. (1993)

Microsatellite instability implying multiple replication errors (RER+ phenotype) characterizes a proportion of colorectal carcinomas, particularly those from patients with the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome. We studied the incidence of microsatellite instability in more than 500 sporadic tumors representing 6 different types of cancer. Apart from colorectal carcinoma [see the paper by Lothe et al. (Cancer Res., 53:5849-5852, 1993)] the RER+ phenotype was found in 18% (6 of 33) of gastric carcinomas and 22% (4 of 18) of endometrial carcinomas. In contrast, no evidence of this abnormality was detected in cancers of the lung (N = 85), breast (N = 84), and testis (N = 86). Importantly, the first three cancers, as opposed to the latter three, are characteristic of the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome. These findings suggest that the cancers belonging to the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma tumor spectrum may have essential pathogenetic steps in common, including a tendency to multiple replication errors.
Blink Frequency and Duration during Perimetry and Their Relationship to Test–Retest Threshold Variability (2011)

A wide range of blink frequencies was observed during perimetric testing. Although no blink parameters showed significant influence on threshold variability, when the blinks overlapped with a stimulus presentation, the probability of seeing was reduced. For suprathreshold stimuli, blinks often occurred after the presentation, whereas for subthreshold presentations, there was no relationship to presentation time.
High Yield Incorporation of Plasmid DNA within Liposomes: Effect on DNA Integrity and Transfection Efficiency (1996)

Effective use of liposomes in gene therapy requires high yield incorporation of nucleic acids within vesicles which protect their content from nuclease attack and facilitate transfection: To that end, pGL2 plasmid DNA (3.99 x 10(6) Daltons) expressing the luciferase reporter gene was incorporated quantitatively (40-92% of the DNA used) by a mild procedure into neutral and negatively or positively charged multilamellar liposomes which offered considerable protection from deoxyribonuclease attack. Smaller vesicles (210-383 nm diameter) produced from such liposomes, retained much of the original content of DNA which was still significantly inaccessible to the enzyme. Liposomal plasmid DNA was found to retain its structural integrity and to transfect cells in vitro in relation to the size and surface charge of the vesicles. Such DNA-incorporating liposome constructs could prove effective for plasmid DNA expression in vivo.
Schizophrenia-Associated hERG channel Kv11.1-3.1 Exhibits a Unique Trafficking Deficit that is Rescued Through Proteasome Inhibition for High Throughput Screening (2016)

The primate-specific brain voltage-gated potassium channel isoform Kv11.1-3.1 has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia. While this ether-a-go-go related K(+)channel has shown clinical relevance, drug discovery efforts have been hampered due to low and inconsistent activity in cell-based assays. This poor activity is hypothesized to result from poor trafficking via the lack of an intact channel-stabilizing Per-Ant-Sim (PAS) domain. Here we characterize Kv11.1-3.1 cellular localization and show decreased channel expression and cell surface trafficking relative to the PAS-domain containing major isoform, Kv11.1-1A. Using small molecule inhibition of proteasome degradation, cellular expression and plasma membrane trafficking are rescued. These findings implicate the importance of the unfolded-protein response and endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation pathways in the expression and regulation of this schizophrenia risk factor. Utilizing this identified phenomenon, an electrophysiological and high throughput in-vitro fluorescent assay platform has been developed for drug discovery in order to explore a potentially new class of cognitive therapeutics.
roadmap for poly(ethylene oxide)âblockâpolyâÎµâcaprolactone selfâassembly in water: Prediction, synthesis, and characterization (2018)

Numerical selfâconsistent field (SCF) lattice computations allow a priori determination of the equilibrium morphology and size of supramolecular structures originating from the selfâassembly of neutral block copolymers in selective solvents. The selfâassembly behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)âblockâpolyâIµâcaprolactone (PEOâPCL) block copolymers in water was studied as a function of the block composition, resulting in equilibrium structure and size diagrams. Guided by the theoretical SCF predictions, PEOâPCL block copolymers of various compositions have been synthesized and assembled in water. The size and morphology of the resulting structures have been characterized by smallâangle Xâray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and multiangle dynamic light scattering. The experimental results are consistent with the SCF computations. These findings show that SCF is applicable to build up roadmaps for amphiphilic polymers in solution, where control over size and shape are required, which is relevant, for instance, when designing spherical micelles for drug delivery systems Â© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 330â339
The Alpha 21164PC microprocessor (2002)

The internal architecture of a 2000 MIPS/1000 MFLOPS (peak) high performance low cost CMOS Alpha microprocessor chip is described. This implementation is derived from the Alpha 21164 microprocessor to reduce cost while maintaining high performance. It contains a quad issue superscalar instruction unit, two 64 bit integer execution pipelines, and two 64 bit floating point execution pipelines. The memory unit and bus interface unit have been redesigned to provide a high performance memory system using industry standard PC SRAM and DRAM components.
Expression of Wntless in colorectal carcinomas is associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor survival (2016)

Wntless also known as WLS, GPR177, or Evi, is a key modulator of Wnt protein secretion. Its overexpression is found in certain types of human cancers such as malignant astrocytoma and breast cancers. We hypothesized that this protein may be aberrantly expressed in colorectal carcinoma which also possesses aberrant Wnt signaling. To investigate the association between the expression of Wnt and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinomas, a set of colorectal carcinoma tissue samples was analyzed for the expression of WLS using an anti-GPR177 monoclonal antibody specific for the WLS protein. High expression of WLS protein was observed in most colorectal carcinoma samples compared with nontumor mucosa in the same patients (117/201, 58.2%). High expression of WLS was associated with sex (p = 0.005), age (p = 0.009), depth of invasion (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.026), and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.003). No significant relationship between the expression of WLS and tumor location, size, and differentiation was found. The survival analyses showed WLS was an independent prognostic marker and that patients whose carcinoma exhibited high expression of WLS had a poorer outcome (p = 0.033). Our results indicate that WLS may play a role in invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The WLS protein expression level may be used as a potential prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, the WLS gene may provide a novel target for therapy of colorectal carcinoma.
Estimating paired-agent uptake in altered tumor vasculature using MRI-coupled fluorescence tomography (2020)

Angiogenesis inhibiting cancer therapy has become a standard treatment for many cancer types. The ability to examine the effects of these drugs in tumors noninvasively could help assess efficacy early in the treatment course or identify optimal times to introduce other combinatorial treatments. Herein, we examine whether a paired agent MRI-coupled fluorescence tomography approach can be used to monitor the effects of anti-angiogenesis therapy. Using small animal models bearing orthotopic glioma xenografts, we demonstrate noninvasive quantification of paired-agent uptake in response to anti-angiogenesis therapy in vivo. The result provides insights on receptor targeted drug delivery in altered vasculature, a potential important development for treatment monitoring and combinatorial strategies.
Properties of Sparse Distributed Representations and their Application to Hierarchical Temporal Memory (2015)

Empirical evidence demonstrates that every region of the neocortex represents information using sparse activity patterns. This paper examines Sparse Distributed Representations (SDRs), the primary information representation strategy in Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) systems and the neocortex. We derive a number of properties that are core to scaling, robustness, and generalization. We use the theory to provide practical guidelines and illustrate the power of SDRs as the basis of HTM. Our goal is to help create a unified mathematical and practical framework for SDRs as it relates to cortical function.
Linear relationships between known calibration dates and posterior parameters node height (ClonalFrame) and <i>t</i> (IMa). (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Circles in red show ClonalFrame estimates and those in blue are IMa values. Closed circles denote median values for calibration times used for the regression (&lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002693#ppat-1002693-t003" target="_blank"&gt;Table 3&lt;/a&gt;). Open circles show inferred times for the four African pair-wise comparisons (&lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002693#ppat-1002693-t004" target="_blank"&gt;Table 4&lt;/a&gt;) after calibration with rate-smoothing.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of new dipeptide analogs containing novel ketovinyl and hydroxyethylidene isosteres via Grignard addition to chiral .alpha.-amino aldehydes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of new dipeptide analogs containing novel ketovinyl and hydroxyethylidene isosteres via Grignard addition to chiral .alpha.-amino aldehydesGunnar J. Hanson and Thomas LindbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 25, 5399–5401Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00225a085https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00225a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The involvement of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor mechanisms in cytokine‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat (1994)

1. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2 and IL-8 induced a mechanical hyperalgesia following intra-articular (i.artic.) injection into rat knee joints, whereas IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were without effect. 2. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor antagonist (0.1 micrograms) with IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu) or IL-8 (0.1 mu) prevented the subsequent development of the hyperalgesia. 3. Co-administration of desArg9Leu8BK (0.5-5 nmol) with IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu) or IL-8 (0.1 mu) reduced the level of hyperalgesia at 1, 4 and 6 h post administration, whereas Hoe 140 (5 pmol) antagonized the hyperalgesia only at the 1 h time point. 4. Intravenous administration of desArg9Leu8BK (10 nmol kg-1) or Hoe 140 (100 pmol kg-1) following IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu), or IL-8 (0.1 mu) reversed the subsequent hyperalgesia. 5. Administration of desArg9BK into joints 24 h after pre-treatment with IL-1 beta (1 mu) produced analegsia at low doses (50 pmol) and hyperalgesia at a higher dose (0.5 nmol). Both these effects were blocked by desArg9Leu8BK (0.5 nmol). 6. Administration of desArg9BK (0.5 nmol i.artic.) to animals 24 h after pre-treatment with IL-2 (1-100 mu) or IL-8 (0.1-10 mu) had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint. 7. Administration of indomethacin (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) prior to IL-1 beta (1 mu i.artic.) prevented the development of hyperalgesia. Administration of desArg9BK (5 pmol-0.5 nmol, i.artic.) to animals 24 h after indomethacin and IL-1 beta pretreatment had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint. 7. Administration of indomethacin (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) prior to IL-1beta (1 u i.artic.) prevented the development of hyperalgesia. Administration of desArg9BK (5 pmol-0.5 nmol, i.artic.) to animals 24 h after indomethacin and IL-1 beta pretreatment had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint.8. These data suggest that both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors are involved in the induction and maintenance of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia. They also show that the induction of B1 receptor-mediated hyperalgesia requires both cyclo-oxygenase products and IL-1 in vivo.
Mt. Mica: A Renaissance in Maine's Gem Tourmaline Production (2005)

he Mt. Mica deposit has been famous for 185 years as a producer (and the original source) of gem tourmaline in Maine. Tourmaline crystals and cut gems from this historic locality are found in museums and private collections worldwide, and they have been documented in classic works of literature After years of no or little activity, recent mining by Coromoto Minerals (Gary and Mary Freeman) has yielded large tourmaline crystals and a modest amount of gem rough. Several stones have been cut, in a wide range of colors (see, e.g., figure Prior to this venture, from 1998 to 2003, Coromoto Minerals successfully mined the Orchard pegmatite in Maine for aquamarine and heliodor.