gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase transition in swollen gels. 2. Effect of charge concentration on the collapse and mechanical behavior of polyacrylamide networks (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase transition in swollen gels. 2. Effect of charge concentration on the collapse and mechanical behavior of polyacrylamide networksMichal IlavskyCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 3, 782–788Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00231a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00231a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views794Altmetric-Citations244LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Survey on Software Clone Detection Research (2007)

Code duplication or copying a code fragment and then reuse by pasting with or without any modifications is a well known code smell in software maintenance. Several studies show that about 5 % to 20 % of a software systems can contain duplicated code, which is basically the results of copying existing code fragments and using then by pasting with or without minor modifications. One of the major shortcomings of such duplicated fragments is that if a bug is detected in a code fragment, all the other fragments similar to it should be investigated to check the possible existence of the same bug in the similar fragments. Refactoring of the duplicated code is another prime issue in software maintenance although several studies claim that refactoring of certain clones are not desirable and there is a risk of removing them. However, it is also widely agreed that clones should at least be detected. In this paper, we survey the state of the art in clone detection research. First, we describe the clone terms commonly used in the literature along with their corresponding mappings to the commonly used clone types. Second, we provide a review of the existing
A short history of optical computing: rise, decline, and evolution (2009)

This paper gives a brief historical review of the development of optical computing from the early years, 60 years ago, until today. All the major inventions in the field were made in the sixties, generating a lot of enthusiasm. However it is between 1980 and 2000, that optical computing had its golden age with numerous new technologies and innovating optical processors been designed and constructed for real applications. Today the field of optical computing has evolved and its results benefit to new research topics such as nanooptics, biophotonics, or communication systems.
Damage-associated molecular patterns in intensive care unit patients with acute liver injuries (2018)

Acute liver injury (ALI) is frequently detected in an intensive care unit (ICU) and reportedly affects prognosis. Experimental animal studies suggested that increased extracellular histone and high morbidity group box-1 (HMGB1) levels might contribute to ALI development. Whether these damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play a crucial role in ALI remains unclear in the human clinical setting.We consecutively enrolled the patients admitted to our ICU. The patients with ALI were included in the analysis together with those without ALI by using frequency matching. Extracellular histone, HMGB1, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured in plasma collected at ICU admission. ALI was defined as an acute elevation in serum aminotransferase levels to >200 IU/L.A total of 805 patients were enrolled. Twenty ALI and forty non-ALI patients were analyzed. Plasma histone levels were significantly higher in the ALI group than in the non-ALI group, whereas HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in the ALI group. Furthermore, sTM was significantly increased in the ALI patients, whereas IL-6 levels were comparable between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that histones were independently associated with ALI. There was no significant impact of ALI on in-hospital mortality.Extracellular histones showed an independent association with ALI. Histone elevation might be one of the possible pathogenic mechanisms in the development of ALI of ICU patients.
The Deployment-to-Saturation Ratio in Security Games (2021)

Stackelberg security games form the backbone of systems like ARMOR, IRIS and PROTECT, which are in regular use by the Los Angeles International Police, US Federal Air Marshal Service and the US Coast Guard respectively. An understanding of the runtime required by algorithms that power such systems is critical to furthering the application of game theory to other real-world domains. This paper identifies the concept of the deployment-to-saturation ratio in random Stackelberg security games, and shows that problem instances for which this ratio is 0.5 are computationally harder than instances with other deployment-to-saturation ratios for a wide range of different equilibrium computation methods, including (i) previously published different MIP algorithms, and (ii) different underlying solvers and solution mechanisms. This finding has at least two important implications. First, it is important for new algorithms to be evaluated on the hardest problem instances. We show that this has often not been done in the past, and introduce a publicly available benchmark suite to facilitate such comparisons. Second, we provide evidence that this computationally hard region is also one where optimization would be of most benefit to security agencies, and thus requires significant attention from researchers in this area. Furthermore, we use the concept of phase transitions to better understand this computationally hard region. We define a decision problem related to security games, and show that the probability that this problem has a solution exhibits a phase transition as the deployment-to-saturation ratio crosses 0.5. We also demonstrate that this phase transition is invariant to changes both in the domain and the domain representation, and that the phase transition point corresponds to the computationally hardest instances.
Stereoselective Michael/aldol tandem reaction triggered by thiolate anion or analogues (1998)

A combination of a tert-butyl α,β-unsaturated ester, an aldehyde and lithium thiophenolate in CH2Cl2 undergoes a one-pot Michael/aldol tandem reaction to give a condensation adduct of the three components, an α-phenylthiomethyl-β-hydroxy ester, in good yield with high syn-selectivity.
The SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank and its supplement TrEMBL (1997)

SWISS-PROT is a curated protein sequence database which strives to provide a high level of annotations (such as the description of the function of a protein, structure of its domains, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recent developments of the database include: an increase in the number and scope of model organisms; cross-references to two additional databases; a variety of new documentation files and the creation of TrEMBL, a computer annotated supplement to SWISS-PROT. This supplement consists of entries in SWISS-PROT-like format derived from the translation of all coding sequences (CDS) in the EMBL nucleotide sequence database, except the CDS already included in SWISS-PROT.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to 1,3‐Dienes Using 3‐Methylene‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene S,S‐Dioxide as an Allyl Sulfone and Michael Acceptor: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ipsenol. (1989)

Abstract The diene (I) reacts with nucleophiles such as (II) to give the adducts (III).
Laundry Detergents, 5. Washing Conditions and Washing Machines (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Textiles 2. Washing Machines and Wash Programs (Cycles) 2.1. Household Washing Machines 2.1.1. Classification 2.1.2. Operational Parameters 2.1.3. Wash Programs 2.1.3.1. Japanese Washing Machines and Washing Conditions 2.1.3.2. North American Washing Machines and Washing Conditions 2.1.3.3. European Washing Machines and Washing Conditions 2.1.4. Energy and Water Consumption 2.1.5. Construction Materials Used in Washing Machines 2.1.6. The Market for Washing Machines 2.2. Laundry Dryers 2.3. Washing Machines for Institutional Use 2.3.1. Batch‐Type Machines 2.3.2. Continuous Batch Washers
The use of contextual information to detect cumulus clouds and cloud shadows in Landsat data (1982)

Abstract The use of contextual information to identify areas of cloud and cloud shadow in digital Landsat data is described. The distance from cloud to shadow is calculated from sun elevation and azimuth, cloud base height and image geometry. Pixels with a grey level above a given threshold (Tc) are considered to be potential cloud. A 3 × 3 pixel window centred at the calculated shadow position is searched. Pixels in this window with grey levels below a second threshold (Ts) are classed as cloud shadow. If no shadow pixels are found the potential cloud is rejected. Modifications to allow for overlapping cloud and shadow are included The detection procedure was found to work well for bands 5, 6, or 7 of Landsat data. Use of combinations of bands gave no advantage over the use of a single band. Small errors in distance and grey level thresholds could be tolerated Evaluation is hindered by lack of suitable ground data. However, for one scene where limited data were available, it was estimated that at least 88 per cent of the shadow area had been correctly identified.
Sensorimotor incongruence triggers sensory disturbances in professional violinists: an experimental study (2010)

Violinists with baseline symptoms may have a reduced threshold for sensorimotor incongruence. A conflict between the efferent motor output and the afferent sensorimotor input may play a role in symptoms without a discernible or local nociceptive aetiology in violinists. Further research is required.
Effect of Temperature on the Intrinsic Flexibility of DNA and Its Interaction with Architectural Proteins (2014)

The helical structure of double-stranded DNA is destabilized by increasing temperature. Above a critical temperature (the melting temperature), the two strands in duplex DNA become fully separated. Below this temperature, the structural effects are localized. Using tethered particle motion in a temperature-controlled sample chamber, we systematically investigated the effect of increasing temperature on DNA structure and the interplay between this effect and protein binding. Our measurements revealed that (1) increasing temperature enhances DNA flexibility, effectively leading to more compact folding of the double-stranded DNA chain, and (2) temperature differentially affects different types of DNA-bending chromatin proteins from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms. Thus, our findings aid in understanding genome organization in organisms thriving at moderate as well as extreme temperatures. Moreover, our results underscore the importance of carefully controlling and measuring temperature in single-molecule DNA (micromanipulation) experiments.
Effects of Lower Limb Pattern Exercises on Balance and Gait in Patients with Hemiplegia after Stroke; a Single Case Report (2018)

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate effects of lower limb pattern exercises on balance and gait in patients with hemiplegia after a stroke. Methods A 70-year-old right-side hemiplegic patient after a stroke who was hospitalized in H hospital participated in this study. The intervention was applied 5 times a week for 3 weeks, 30 minutes per session, from October 10 to 31, 2017. Results The time period of the post10M Walk Test was the same as that of the pre-test, 89 seconds. 99 seconds was recorded at the baseline of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 93 seconds shown at the post-TUG. The scores of Berg balance scale increased at the post-test from 19 to 27 points. Conclusion The intervention which was emphasized with dynamic stability and mobility of the affected foot at the beginning of the intervention with one leg stance exercise with dynamic control of the pelvis influenced the subject to achieve a more efficient and stable walking pattern.
Fluid and solid substitution using embedded bound constructions (2013)

We discuss fluid and solid substitution by recursively embedding composites that realize Hashin-Shtrikman bounds - the embedded bound construction approach. Each of these embedded constructions is realizable, thus predictions are always within bounds. The smallest possible change predicted by these constructions is larger than that predicted by Ciz and Shapiro’s approximations. When reliable shear data is not available, we discuss approximate embedded constructions for compressional or P-wave modulus. These provide reasonable fit with laboratory data and thus can be used to model solid-filled rocks, such as heavy-oil and bitumen sands, kerogen-filled shale rock, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Arylzinc Compounds Yielding Symmetrical Diaryl Ketones by the Assistance of Oxidizing Agents. (2011)

Abstract It provides a highly efficient method to prepare symmetrical diaryl ketones.
Polymer Thick Film Technology for Realization of Fine Line Structures on Different Substrates (2006)

The polymer-thick-film-technology (PTF) is a potential solution for realizing interconnections on substrates under consideration of some special aspects. Such aspects are the production costs and environmental requirements. This paper will analyze the printable resolution of up-to-date PTF pastes, the conductivity and the reliability of the realized structures. Therefore the technological properties of the pastes applied on flexible and rigid substrates are analyzed. It is shown that it is possible to realize structures with lines widths <100 mum and vias with diameters <200 mum using PTF technology. Furthermore the development of new materials allows the screen printing of high conductivity structures.
Detection of Pathogenic Biofilms with Bacterial Amyloid Targeting Fluorescent Probe, CDy11 (2015)

Bacterial biofilms are responsible for a wide range of persistent infections. In the clinic, diagnosis of biofilm-associated infections relies heavily on culturing methods, which fail to detect nonculturable bacteria. Identification of novel fluorescent probes for biofilm imaging will greatly facilitate diagnosis of pathogenic bacterial infection. Herein, we report a novel fluorescent probe, CDy11 (compound of designation yellow 11), which targets amyloid in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix through a diversity oriented fluorescent library approach (DOFLA). CDy11 was further demonstrated for in vivo imaging of P. aeruginosa in implant and corneal infection mice models.
Origin of the open-circuit voltage in multilayer heterojunction organic solar cells (2008)

From temperature dependent studies of pentacene/C60 solar cells in the dark, the reverse saturation current is found to be thermally activated with a barrier height that corresponds to the difference in energy between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor corrected for vacuum level misalignments and the presence of charge-transfer states. From the reverse saturation current in the dark and the short-circuit current under illumination, the open-circuit voltage can be predicted. Examination of several donor materials supports the relationship between reverse saturation current, this barrier height, and open-circuit voltage.
Comparative studies of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composites (2007)

Abstract Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is a very promising material for making light‐weight high strength and high impact resistant composites, especially for ballistic protective shields. Three commercially available materials designed specifically for ballistic applications are Spectra® woven cloth, Dyneema Fraglight® nonwoven felt, and Spectra Shield® Plus PCR prepreg were chosen for parallel comparisons. The high‐temperature high‐pressure sintering process was applied to all three materials. The physical, thermomechanical, and microstructural properties of the consolidated products were studied and compared, including their crystallinity, molecular orientation, impact resistance, interlaminar adhesion, flexural properties, and thermoformability. The differences in these materials and their structures are reflected in the different properties of the final products. The influence of different processing conditions on the properties also differs for each material. It is concluded that matrix free Spectra cloth composite has dominant advantages over the other two materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1544–1553, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
SNR G292.2-0.5: A Radio Supernova Remnant Associated with the Young\n Pulsar J1119-6127 (2001)

We report on Australia Telescope Compact Array observations in the direction\nof the young high-magnetic-field radio pulsar PSR J1119-6127. In the resulting\nimages we identify a non-thermal radio shell of diameter 15 arcminutes, which\nwe classify as a previously uncataloged young supernova remnant (SNR),\nG292.2-0.5. This SNR is positionally coincident with PSR J1119-6127, and we\nconclude that the two objects are physically associated. No radio emission is\ndetected from any pulsar wind nebula (PWN) associated with the pulsar; our\nobserved upper limits are consistent with the expectation that\nhigh-magnetic-field pulsars produce radio nebulae which fade rapidly. This\nsystem suggests a possible explanation for the lack of associated radio pulsars\nand/or PWNe in many SNRs.\n
Hormone Therapy and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A National Register Study (2008)

There was a discrepancy between data in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) showing increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke associated with continuous combined hormone therapy (HT), and prior observational studies suggesting that HT would have a primary preventive effect on cardiovascular disease. A previous study suggested that WHI data and observational results would be more in agreement if time since initiation of HT was controlled. Some investigators believed that the WHI data may not be applicable for healthy younger peri-menopausal women. This population-based observational study evaluated the influence of age, various regimens, routes of administration, duration of use, progestagen types, and estrogen dose on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with HT. National registry information on 698,098 healthy Danish women, aged 51–69, were followed from 1995 to 2001. Exposure to HT was recorded on a daily basis from a central prescription registry. Relative risk (RR) estimates were analyzed by Poisson regression analysis. A total of 4957 MI events were identified within the 6 year study period. Compared to women who never used HT, current use of hormones did not increase the overall risk of MI (RR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–1.11). Among women in the youngest age group (51–54 years), however, there was an increased risk of MI (adjusted RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02–1.51). The adjusted RR was 0.92 with a 95% CI of 0.80–1.06 in the older age groups. Increased risk of MI was also associated among women in the youngest age group with longer duration of HT (>4 years); this association was not found in the older age groups. The highest risk of MI among all age groups was found with the continuous combined regimen (adjusted RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18–1.53). No significant risk was associated with cyclic combined therapy, unopposed estrogen, or tibolone. The risk associated with the dermal route for unopposed estrogen was significantly lower than for oral delivery (P ≤ .04). No overall indication of increased risk of MI was found with increasing doses of estrogen or progestagen type. These data did not show any overall association between HT and risk of MI among older women who currently used HT; increased risk was found in younger women. Longer duration of HT also increased the risk among younger women, but not older women.
On the Controversial Nature of the 825 nm Exciton Band in the FMO Protein Complex (2014)

The nature of the low-energy 825 nm band of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex from Chlorobaculum tepidum at 5 K is discussed. It is shown, using hole-burning (HB) spectroscopy and excitonic calculations, that the 825 nm absorption band of the FMO trimer cannot be explained by a single electronic transition or overlap of electronic transitions of noninteracting pigments. To explain the shape of emission and nonresonant HB spectra, downward uncorrelated excitation energy transfer (EET) between trimer subunits should be taken into account. Modeling studies reveal the presence of three sub-bands within the 825 nm band, in agreement with nonresonant HB and emission spectra. We argue that after light induced coherences vanish, uncorrelated EET between the lowest exciton levels of each monomer takes place. HB induced spectral shifts provide a new insight on the energy landscape of the FMO protein.
Nachweis DC-naher biomagnetischer Felder von Muskelverletzungsströmen in vivo (1997)

Article Nachweis DC-naher biomagnetischer Felder von Muskelverletzungsströmen in vivo was published on January 1, 1997 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 42, issue s2).
Mycoflora associated with new industrial oilseed crop (vernonia galamensis var. ethiopica) in Ethiopia (2003)

Abstract Mycoflora associated with Vernonia galamensis var. ethiopica was studied for the first time under field and laboratory conditions in eastern Ethiopia. In field plantings, Erysiphe and Puccinia spp. were the only mycoflora recorded. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. and Pythium sp. were found on stored seeds. Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria sp. and Phoma sp. were identified on both field plants and stored seeds. Damping‐off of seedlings caused by complexes of R. solani and Fusarium sp. and powdery mildews caused by Erysiphe sp. led to high disease pressure on field‐planted vernonia. The dominant species causing seed infection under storage were R. solani and Cladosporium sp. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Synthesis of Functionalized Targeted Polyamides (1994)

A synthetic approach to polyamides containing the tyrosine-leucine linkage is presented. The diphenyl phosphoryl azide, (DPPA), coupling technique was utilized to synthesize the monomers. Solution polymerization of monomer I, tyrosylleucyliminohexamethylene-iminoleucyltyrosine, with adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides gave polymers with intrinsic viscosities of 0.18 dL/g and 0.13 dL/g respectively in 90% formic acid. Interfacial polymerization of the monomer yielded a fibrous crosslinked material which was found to be a poly(amide-ester) by IR spectroscopic analysis. In another reaction, monomer II, β-alanyltyrosylleucyl-β-alanine, was polymerized using DPPA and triethylamine to give a polyamide with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.07 dL/g in 90% formic acid. A synthetic route to monodispersed alanine peptides is also presented.