gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Rank Method for Characterizing High-Level Neural Computations (2017)

The signal transformations that take place in high-level sensory regions of the brain remain enigmatic because of the many nonlinear transformations that separate responses of these neurons from the input stimuli. One would like to have dimensionality reduction methods that can describe responses of such neurons in terms of operations on a large but still manageable set of relevant input features. A number of methods have been developed for this purpose, but often these methods rely on the expansion of the input space to capture as many relevant stimulus components as statistically possible. This expansion leads to a lower effective sampling thereby reducing the accuracy of the estimated components. Alternatively, so-called low-rank methods explicitly search for a small number of components in the hope of achieving higher estimation accuracy. Even with these methods, however, noise in the neural responses can force the models to estimate more components than necessary, again reducing the methods' accuracy. Here we describe how a flexible regularization procedure, together with an explicit rank constraint, can strongly improve the estimation accuracy compared to previous methods suitable for characterizing neural responses to natural stimuli. Applying the proposed low-rank method to responses of auditory neurons in the songbird brain, we find multiple relevant components making up the receptive field for each neuron and characterize their computations in terms of logical OR and AND computations. The results highlight potential differences in how invariances are constructed in visual and auditory systems.
Lattice implementation of Sum-squared Auto-correlation Minimization (SAM) channel shortener (2008)

The Sum-squared Autocorrelation Minimization (SAM) al-gorithm is one technique proposed for blind adaptation of the time-domain equalizer in multicarrier systems. The SAM cost depends on the effective channel autocorrelation, which will not be changed if any TEQ zeros are flipped over the unit circle. As a consequence, the SAM cost is multimodal, and different minima may yield very different shortening perfor-mance. In order to aid SAM converge to a suitable mini-mum, we impose a minimum phase constraint on the TEQ by means of the lattice structure and develop a lattice version of SAM with low computational complexity. 1.
A novel investigation on printed stretchable WLAN antennas (2017)

In this paper an investigation on the realizability of the fully printed stretchable antennas has been reported. A novel stretchable conductive ink has been developed and utilized in the printing process. A conductivity of 849 S/cm and stretchability up to 300 % is achieved for the ink. The functionality of the ink at the WLAN band is tested by measuring two bowtie slot and patch antennas. The resonance frequency of the patch antenna shifts from 5.7 GHz to 3.5 GHz by stretching its longitudinal length to 65 % more than its original dimension. It is also feasible to stretch the bowtie slot up to 110 % more than its initial length while its resonance frequency moved from 5.2 GHz to 2.6 GHz. The agreement between the simulation and measurement results show that the proposed ink is very useful for the fabrication of the stretchable RF/Microwave circuits and antennas.
Core competencies for a biomedical laboratory scientist – a Delphi study (2022)

We identified important competencies for biomedical laboratory scientists. Together with complementary information from other sources, i.e., guidelines, laws, and scientific publications, the competencies identified can be used as learning outcomes in a competency-based education to provide students with all the competencies needed to work as professional biomedical laboratory scientists.
Industrializing software development: a Japanese approach (1989)

An overview is given of Japan's Sigma (Software Industrialized Generator and Maintenance Aids), and of the Sigma system itself. Sigma provides a rich, standardized environment. It consists of the Sigma Center, Sigma network, and Sigma user sites. The Sigma Center will help users who are constructing development environments of programs using those environments. It will provide database services, demonstration services, and part of the network service. The Sigma network is a Unix-based network that connects the Sigma Center to the Sigma user sites, the Sigma Center to external networks. A typical Sigma user site includes Sigma workstations running Sigma OS, a local area network, and the Sigma gateway, which is a communications server and protocol-conversion system. The Sigma development tools are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Aliphatic Poly(ether amide)s by Polycondensation of Activated Sebacic Acid Derivatives (2006)

Poly(ether amide)s were prepared by polycondensation of 1,13‐diamino‐4,7,11‐trioxatridecane (DTT) with the bisimidazolide or with the bis N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester of sebacic acid. Four different solvents and three different temperatures were compared. The highest molecular weights were obtained with the bisimidazolide in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 60°C. MALDI‐TOF mass spectra revealed the existence of cyclic oligoamides and polyamides in all samples. The molar fraction of cycles considerably increased with higher molecular weights of the entire sample. The polycondensations were repeated under optimum conditions in the presence of α‐cyclodextrin to prepare polydisperse catenanes consisting of α‐cyclodextrin threaded on cyclic polyamides. Yet, despite broad variation of the reaction conditions, only cylic polyamides free of cyclodextrin were isolated. Furthermore, a pseudorotaxane was prepared from DTT and α‐cyclodetrin and polycondensed with bis‐(4‐chlorophenyl)sebacate. Again, only cyclic polyamides free of cyclodextrin were detectable.
Enantioselective Adsorption Characteristics of Aluminum-Substituted MFI Zeolites (2010)

Using computer simulations, we have studied the adsorption of racemic and scalemic mixtures of 4-ethyl-4-methyloctane molecules in aluminum-substituted MFI zeolites containing positively charged ions. Our results show that aluminum distribution affects the shape of the enantiopure adsorption isotherms, which is contrary to previously established results on linear alkanes. In addition, we examined the enantiospecific adsorption at maximum loading conditions. For enantiopure and racemic mixtures, the fraction of S- and R-enantiomers in the adsorbed phase is identical to that of the gas phase. However, when the external gas contains a scalemic mixture, the dominant enantiomeric fraction might either increase or decrease upon adsorption, depending on the aluminum distribution and on the type of cations. We provide a theoretical explanation for both types of adsorption characteristics. Our findings open perspectives for new approaches of enantioseparation that do not require a chiral adsorbent.
Dark field double dipole lithography (DDL) for back-end-of-line processes (2007)

The back-end-of-line metallization of a state-of-the-art CMOS process is the most critical level regarding the final density of the chip. While the gate level requires the most emphasis on linewidth control and critical dimension uniformity (CDU) of all lithography steps, the smallest pitch in the process is typically printed on the first metallization level. For this reason, a natural starting point for application of dipole lithography is not the gate level, which in many cases can be printed with quadrupole and other off-axis schemes with good process latitude, but the metal level with pitches that are typically between 10 and 25% smaller than the gate pitch. If the same generation exposure tool is used for both gate and metallization levels, then a more aggressive off-axis illumination is needed for the metal level. In this paper, we investigate the application of double dipole lithography on the first metallization level (M1). We propose a simple bias to account for EMF effects compared to the thin mask approximation which is used in optical proximity correction. We discuss resist and BARC processes that are required at this pitch, and describe process windows. Using a 1.2 NA lithography system, we investigate the performance of this lithography technique at a pitch of 100 nm.
Peptide Conformational Dynamics and Vibrational Stark Effects Following Photoinitiated Disulfide Cleavage (1997)

Photoinitiation of relaxation of two peptides (labeled 1 and 2) and spectroscopic studies of the ensuing dynamics have led to new information about peptide conformational dynamics. Following photolysis of the aryl disulfide chromophore that constrains a peptide to be distorted from its equilibrium form, the S−S bond is broken in <200 fs, and the liberated thiyl radicals either undergo geminate recombination or diffuse apart to allow the peptides to change conformation. From anisotropy measurements, overall peptide rotation is on the time scale of 600 ps. At an even earlier time (ca. 100 ps), transient IR measurements show a bleaching of the amide I‘ region, arising from a vibrational Stark effect produced upon ring opening of peptide 2. We did not detect any significant shift in the amide I‘ region up to 2 ns, suggesting no significant helix formation in this time domain. Thiyl radicals arising from peptide 2 recombine with a power law rate over the time range from picoseconds to microseconds signaling an unusual type of scaled kinetics.
Comparison of magnetic- and chemical-boundary roughness in magnetic films and multilayers (2002)

Diffuse x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, atomic-force microscopy, and magnetic hysteresis measurements are used to explore the relationship between the roughness and magnetic properties of interfaces between magnetic and nonmagnetic thin films. Bare Co films and Co films capped with magnetic and nonmagnetic thin films are investigated to elucidate why and under what circumstances the magnetic boundary differs from the chemical boundary. Competing models to explain why the magnetic boundary appears smoother than the chemical boundary are explored.
Circuit models for the co-simulation of superconducting quantum computing systems (2021)

Quantum computers based on superconducting qubits have emerged as a leading candidate for a scalable quantum processor architecture. The core of a quantum processor consists of quantum devices that are manipulated using classical electronic circuits, which need to be co-designed for optimal performance and operation. As the principles governing the behavior of the classical circuits and the quantum devices are different, this presents a unique challenge in terms of the simulation, design and optimization of the joint system. A methodology is presented to transform the behavior of small-scale quantum processors to equivalent circuit models that are usable with classical circuits in a generic electrical simulator, enabling the detailed analysis of the impact of many important non-idealities. The methodology has specifically been employed to derive a circuit model of a superconducting qubit interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field of a superconducting resonator. Based on this technique, a comprehensive analysis of the qubit operation is performed, including the coherent control and readout of the qubit using electrical signals. Furthermore, the effect of several non-idealities in the system such as qubit relaxation, decoherence and leakage out of the computational subspace are captured, in contrast to previous works. As the presented method enables the co-simulation of the control electronics with the quantum system, it facilitates the design and optimization of near-term superconducting quantum processors.
Effect of inlet air temperature on SI engine fueled with diethyl ether-gasoline blends (2018)

In this study the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition genset engine fueled with gasoline and diethyl ether (DEE) blends are carried out. The DEE blends are varied from 3%, 6% and 9% by volume in gasoline. A four-stroke single cylinder constant speed spark ignition engine is used for the experiments. The variation in fuel consumption and exhaust emission with respect to two different inlet air temperatures are studied. The concentration of exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, NOx is observed. The parameters such as inlet air temperature, brake specific fuel consumption, relative air to fuel ratio are also measured. It is noticed that 6% DEE blend in gasoline reduced almost reduced HC emission about 57% and also considerable reduction in CO emission at lower air intake temperature. The addition of diethyl ether has an improvement in performance and significant reduction in HC, CO and NOx emissions.
Solution for transvenous lead extractions in developing countries (2021)

Transvenous lead extractions (TLEs) are an established treatment for cardiac implantable electric device (CIED) lead problems, especially for infections. Various lead extraction tools such as rotational mechanical sheaths, laser sheaths, telescoping mechanical sheath sets, lead locking stylets, snares, and others have also been developed for a safe and effective TLE. The clinical outcomes utilizing these technologies have been reported mainly from the advanced Western countries,1, 2 and all of them have been well accepted. However, in the developing countries, these modern methods are not always available due to regulatory, reimbursement, and cost issues. Also in Japan, the TLE indications for non-infectious leads have changed due to the device lag caused by reimbursement problems during such times.3 During the TLE procedure, a countertraction technique to detach the lead tip from the embedded myocardium is an extremely important concept to avoid myocardial injuries. Advanced powered sheaths such as laser sheaths or rotational mechanical sheaths are generally used to achieve an effective countertraction. However, in developing countries, they often cannot be used even for patients with CIED infections, which is a class 1 indication for a TLE. There may be a dilemma in that situation as to how to treat the infection. The first-line therapy should be a standard TLE; however, if that is not available, open heart surgery, antibiotics with palliative treatment, or a problematic TLE would be selected. Jiratham-Opas et al reported a unique countertraction technique with a deflectable ablation catheter and deflectable long sheath.4 They avoided tenting of the myocardial wall and the resultant avulsion with a U-shaped deflectable catheter pushing against the myocardial wall. Although this method is not always considered to be effective, especially for very old leads, atrial leads, and leads tightly adhered to the vessel or valve and is not recommended for every operator, it can be utilized anywhere, and it seems it could be the solution for transvenous lead extractions in developing countries. John Martin contributed to the English writing of this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Purification and Some Properties of Yeast Tannase (1976)

Journal Article Purification and Some Properties of Yeast Tannase Get access Kenji Aoki, Kenji Aoki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokko, Kobe, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryu Shinke, Ryu Shinke Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokko, Kobe, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Nishira Hiroshi Nishira Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokko, Kobe, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 1, 1 January 1976, Pages 79–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10861997 Published: 01 January 1976 Article history Received: 09 June 1975 Published: 01 January 1976
Elucidation of Analytical–Compositional Fingerprinting of Three Different Species of Chili Pepper by Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis, and Sensory Profile Evaluation (2022)

The aim of the present study was to determine the volatile compounds of three different species of chili peppers, using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The detection of marker aroma compounds could be used as a parameter to differentiate between species of chili peppers for their detection and traceability in chili pepper food. The sensorial contribution was also investigated to identify the predominant notes in each species and to evaluate how they can influence the overall aroma. Three different pepper species belonging to the <i>Capsicum genus</i> were analyzed: <i>Chinense</i>, <i>Annuum,</i> and <i>Baccatum.</i> A total of 269 volatile compounds were identified in these species of chili peppers. The <i>Capsicum annum</i> species were characterized by a high number of acids and ketones, while the <i>Capsicum chinense</i> and <i>Capsicum baccatum</i> were characterized by esters and aldehydes, respectively. The volatile profile of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) flavored with chili peppers was also investigated, and principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the volatile profiles were demonstrated to be a powerful analytical strategy for building a model that highlights the potential of a volatile characterization approach for use in evaluating food traceability and authenticity.
Electrically reconfigurable optical metamaterial based on colloidal dispersion of metal nanorods in dielectric fluid (2009)

Optical metamaterials capture the imagination with breathtaking promises of nanoscale resolution in imaging and invisibility cloaking. We demonstrate an approach to construct a metamaterial in which metallic nanorods, of dimension much smaller than the wavelength of light, are suspended in a fluid and placed in a nonuniform electric field. The field controls the spatial distribution and orientation of nanorods because of the dielectrophoretic effect. The field-controlled placement of nanorods causes optical effects such as varying refractive index, optical anisotropy (birefringence), and reduced visibility of an object enclosed by the metamaterial.
CENTRIOLE REPLICATION (1966)

Sperm formation was studied in the fern, Marsilea, and the cycad, Zamia, with particular emphasis on the centrioles. In Marsilea, the mature sperm possesses over 100 flagella, the basal bodies of which have the typical cylindrical structure of centrioles. Earlier observations by light microscopy suggested that these centrioles arise by fragmentation of a body known as the blepharoplast. In the youngest spermatids the blepharoplast is a hollow sphere approximately 0.8 micro in diameter. Its wall consists of closely packed immature centrioles, or procentrioles. The procentrioles are short cylinders which progressively lengthen during differentiation of the spermatid. At the same time they migrate to the surface of the cell, where each of them puts out a flagellum. A blepharoplast is found at each pole of the spindle during the last antheridial mitosis, and two blepharoplasts are found in the cytoplasm before this mitosis. Blepharoplasts are also found in the preceding cell generation, but their ultimate origin is obscure. Before the last mitosis the blepharoplasts are solid, consisting of a cluster of radially arranged tubules which bear some structural similarity to centrioles. In Zamia, similar stages are found during sperm formation, although here the number of flagella on each sperm is close to 20,000 and the blepharoplast measures about 10 micro in diameter. These observations are discussed in relation to theories of centriole replication.
Characterization of Vitamin A Metabolome in Healthy and Diseased Human Liver Using LC‐MS/MS Analysis (2019)

Retinoids are important endogenous compounds responsible for regulating multiple biological events. Currently, the qualitative and quantitative information about retinoid concentrations in human tissues is limited. This prevents a deeper understanding how retinoid homeostasis is regulated in vivo . In this study the hepatic vitamin A metabolome in 50 normal human liver samples was quantified using novel LC‐MS/MS methods and isotope‐labeled internal standards. Measured retinoids included retinyl palmitate (RP; median, 276 nmols/g; range, 35.1–4,282 nmols/g), retinol (ROL; median, 4.9 nmols/g; range, 0.8–39 nomls/g), all‐ trans retinoic acid ( at RA; median, 39.8 pmols/g; range, 14.9–670.5 pmols/g), 13‐ cis ‐RA (median, 8.3 pmols/g; range, 1.4–43.5 pmols/g), 4‐oxo‐ at RA (median, 18.3 pmols/g; range, 1.8–376.3 pmols/g) and 4‐oxo‐13‐ cis ‐RA (median, 13.0 pmols/g; range, 5.3–64.0 pmols/g). Two 4‐oxo‐RA isomers were, for the first time, detected in human tissues and their concentrations were comparable to RA isomers. As 4‐oxo‐ at RA also activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), its presence in human liver suggests that 4‐oxo‐ at RA is essential in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis. Additionally, at RA concentration was positively correlated with that of other retinoids in normal livers, but not with the relative mRNA expression of LRAT, ALDH1A1, CYP26A1, RARα and RARβ , all of which are retinoid‐related genes. Finally, the vitamin A metabolome was also measured in livers from subjects with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (steatosis, n=9; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), n=13) to explore whether the development of NAFLD is associated with disturbed vitamin A homeostasis. The data showed a decrease of hepatic concentrations of RP, at RA, 13‐ cis ‐RA, 4‐oxo‐ at RA and 4‐oxo‐13‐ cis ‐RA in NAFLD liver samples when compared to normal liver samples, while the hepatic ROL level remained unchanged, indicating that hepatic vitamin A homeostasis is disrupted in NAFLD. Support or Funding Information This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01 GM111772 and T32 DK 007247. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Recent Developments in the Design of Orally Bioavailable &#946;3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists (2005)

The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) has been shown to mediate various pharmacological and physiological effects such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, and relaxation of the urinary bladder. Activation of the β3-AR is thought to be a possible approach for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and frequent urination. Therefore, the β3-AR is recognized as an attractive target for drug discovery. On the other hand, activation of the β1- or β2-AR can cause undesirable side effects such as increased heart rate or muscle tremors. Consequently, a number of recent efforts in this field have been directed toward the design of selective agonists for the β3-AR. This review summarizes recent advances in β3-AR agonists with an emphasis on recent attempts to create potent, selective and orally bioavailable small-molecule agonists. Keywords: β3-adrenergic receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, agonist, obesity, type2 diabetes mellitus, frequent urination, lipolysis, thermogenesis
Diabetes, Lower-Extremity Amputation, and Death (2015)

Individuals with diabetes and an LEA are more likely to die at any given point in time than those who have diabetes but no LEA. While some of this variation can be explained by known complications of diabetes, there remains a large amount of unexplained variation.