gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UCAN (2003)

In third-generation (3G) wireless data networks, mobile users experiencing poor channel quality usually have low data-rate connections with the base-station. Providing service to low data-rate users is required for maintaining fairness, but at the cost of reducing the cell's aggregate throughput. In this paper, we propose the Unified Cellular and Ad-Hoc Network (UCAN) architecture for enhancing cell throughput, while maintaining fairness. In UCAN, a mobile client has both 3G cellular link and IEEE 802.11-based peer-to-peer links. The 3G base station forwards packets for destination clients with poor channel quality to proxy clients with better channel quality. The proxy clients then use an ad-hoc network composed of other mobile clients and IEEE 802.11 wireless links to forward the packets to the appropriate destinations, thereby improving cell throughput. We refine the 3G base station scheduling algorithm so that the throughput gains of active clients are distributed proportional to their average channel rate, thereby maintaining fairness. With the UCAN architecture in place, we propose novel greedy and on-demand protocols for proxy discovery and ad-hoc routing that explicitly leverage the existence of the 3G infrastructure to reduce complexity and improve reliability. We further propose a secure crediting mechanism to motivate users to participate in relaying packets for others. Through extensive simulations with HDR and IEEE 802.11b, we show that the UCAN architecture can improve individual user's throughput by up to 310% and the aggregate throughput of the HDR downlink by up to 60%.
Adaptive local contrast enhancement for the visualization of high dynamic range images (2008)

In this paper, we present a new tone mapping algorithm for the display of high dynamic range images, inspired by adaptive process of the human visual system. The proposed algorithm is based on the center-surround Retinex processing. In our method, the local details are enhanced according to a non-linear adaptive spatial filter (Gaussian filter), whose shape (filter variance) is adapted to high-contrast edges of the image. Thus our method does not generate halo artifacts meanwhile preserves visibility and contrast impression of high dynamic range scenes in the common display devices. The proposed method is tested on a variety of HDR images and the results show the good performance of our method in terms of visual quality.
Different Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in High- and Low-Risk Prediabetes (2021)

Lifestyle intervention (LI) can prevent type 2 diabetes, but response to LI varies depending on risk subphenotypes. We tested if prediabetic individuals with low risk benefit from conventional LI and individuals with high risk benefit from an intensification of LI in a multi-center randomized controlled intervention over 12 months with 2 years follow up. 1105 prediabetic individuals based on ADA glucose criteria were stratified into a high- and low-risk phenotype, based on previously described thresholds of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and liver fat content. Low-risk individuals were randomly assigned to conventional LI according to the DPP protocol or control (1:1), high-risk individuals to conventional or intensified LI with doubling of required exercise (1:1). A total of 908 (82%) participants completed the study. In high-risk individuals, the difference between conventional and intensified LI in post-challenge glucose change was -0.29 mmol/l [CI:-0.54;-0.04], p=0.025. Liver fat (-1.34 percentage points [CI:-2.17;-0.50], p=0.002) and cardiovascular risk (-1.82[CI:-3.13-0.50],p=0.007) underwent larger reductions with intensified than with conventional LI. During a follow up of 3 years, intensified compared to conventional LI had a higher probability to normalize glucose tolerance (p=0.008). In conclusion, it is possible in high-risk individuals with prediabetes to improve glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes by intensification of LI. Individualized, risk-phenotype-based LI may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes.
Recent advances in Factor Xa inhibitors (2001)

Due to its critical role in the coagulation cascade Factor Xa became an important target for antithrombotic drug development. The design of the first generation of Factor Xa inhibitors was based on dibasic inhibitors binding to both the primary specificity pocket of Factor Xa and a putative cation binding site. The high basicity of these compounds limited the oral bioavailability and thus prohibited convenient oral administration in a therapeutic setting. Hence, recent efforts have focused on the development of non-peptide inhibitors of low basicity by screening and rational design. This report provides an overview of the recent patent literature from 1998 to 2000.
Solubility of Collinin and Isocollinin in Pressurized Carbon Dioxide: Synthesis, Solubility Parameters, and Equilibrium Measurements (2019)

Collinin is a derivative of coumarin that has shown remarkable potential against cancer, tuberculosis, periodontitis, and other prevalent diseases, and is usually extracted from plants of the Rutaceae family at a very low yield. In this work, collinin and a position-isomer herein called isocollinin were synthesized at different scales (from 1 to 50 g of precursor) by a route consisting of two parallel and two sequential chemical reactions. The isomers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy NMR, melting temperature, and melting enthalpy. For each isomer, the Hansen solubility parameters and the radius of its solubility sphere were experimentally determined by solubility tests in 15 common solvents and two solvent blends. The solubility of each isomer in pressurized CO2 was determined at 30 and 50 °C from 72.2 to 112.9 bar, by an in situ high-pressure spectrometry technique, which was validated with the anthracene–CO2 system. The solubility of both isomers in CO2 increased with pressure in the range of temperatures and pressures considered, but that of collinin exhibited an asymptotic behavior around 80.8 and 104.8 bar, at 30 and 50 °C, respectively.
Synthetic Studies of Vitamin D Analogues. XIV. Synthesis and Calcium Regulating Activity of Vitamin D3 Analogues Bearing a Hydroxyalkoxy Group at the 2.BETA.-Position. (1993)

Four vitamin D3 analogues (7a, 7b, 7c and 7d) bearing a hydroxyalkoxy group at the 2 beta-position were synthesized from the alpha-epoxide (5). The C-3 analogue (7b) showed the highest potency for elevating plasma calcium levels in rats. Furthermore, the 25-hydroxylated C-3 analogue (ED-71) (3), prepared from the 25-hydroxylated alpha-epoxide (9), significantly increased plasma calcium to levels much higher than those in rats administered 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 (1).
Effect of selected Hofmeister salts on textural and rheological properties of nonfat cheese (2011)

Three Hofmeister salts (HS; sodium sulfate, sodium thiocyanate, and sodium chloride) were evaluated for their effect on the textural and rheological properties of nonfat cheese. Nonfat cheese, made by direct acidification, were sliced into discs (diameter=50 mm, thickness=2 mm) and incubated with agitation (6 h at 22°C) in 50 mL of a synthetic Cheddar cheese aqueous phase buffer (pH 5.4). The 3 HS were added at 5 concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 M) to the buffer. Post-incubation, cheese slices were air dried and equilibrated in air-tight bags for 18 h at 5°C before analysis. Small amplitude oscillatory rheology properties, including the dynamic moduli and loss tangent, were measured during heating from 5 to 85°C. Hardness was determined by texture profile analysis. Acid-base buffering was performed to observe changes in the indigenous insoluble (colloidal) calcium phosphate (CCP). Moisture content decreased with increasing HS concentration. Cheeses incubated in high concentrations of SCN(-) softened earlier (i.e., loss tangent=1) compared with other HS treatments. Higher melting temperature values were observed for cheeses incubated in high concentrations of SO(4)(2-). Hardness decreased in cheeses incubated in buffers with high concentrations of SCN(-). The indigenous CCP profile of nonfat cheese was not greatly affected by incubation in Cl(-) or SCN(-), whereas buffers with high concentrations of SO(4)(2-) reduced the acid-base buffering contributed by CCP. The use of high concentrations (1.0M) of SCN(-) for incubation of cheeses resulted in a softer protein matrix at high temperatures due to the chaotropic effect of SCN(-), which weakened hydrophobic interactions between CN. Cheese samples incubated in 1.0M SO(4)(2-) buffers exhibited a stiffer protein matrix at high temperatures due to the kosmotropic effect of SO(4)(2-), which helped to strengthen hydrophobic interactions in the proteins during the heating step. This study showed that HS influenced the texture and rheology of nonfat cheese probably by altering the strength of hydrophobic interactions between CN.
Exploiting angular momentum to enhance bipedal center-of-mass control (2009)

Recent humanoid control investigations have emphasized the importance of controlling whole-body angular momentum throughout a movement task. For typical movement tasks, such as normal walking, such controllers minimize fluctuations in angular momentum about the center of mass (CM). This minimization is consistent with observed behavior of humans for such tasks. However, there are cases where such minimization is not desirable. In this study, we investigate movement tasks where bipedal balance control requires a relaxation of the goal of minimizing whole-body angular moment. We construct a humanoid model having a human-like mass distribution, and a Moment-Exploiting Control algorithm that modulates whole-body angular momentum to enhance CM control. The model only requires reference trajectories for CM position and torso orientation. Joint reference trajectories are not required. While balancing on one leg, we show that the controller is capable of correcting errors in CM state by sacrificing angular postural goals for the swing leg, trunk and head. This prioritization capability provides robustness to significant disturbances, without the need to plan new reference trajectories. We compare the dynamic behavior of our humanoid model to that of human test participants. While standing on one leg, the model, like the human, is shown to reposition its CM just above the stance foot from an initial body state where CM velocity is zero, and the ground CM projection falls outside the foot envelope.
Computed tomography-based radiomic model at node level for the prediction of normal-sized lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer (2021)

We constructed a radiomic model that exhibited great ability in the prediction of LNM. The application of the model could optimize clinical staging and decision-making.
Development and Evaluation of a New Amine Solvent at the Mikawa CO2 Capture Pilot Plant (2014)

Decreasing CO2 Emissions from coal fired thermal power plants is a critical issue in the world. Toshiba designed and built the CO2 capture pilot plant at Mikawa coal fired thermal power plant in 2009. Following this, we have developed not only an efficient CO2 capture system but also amine solvent that captures CO2 using live flue gas from the thermal power plant. After compiling the laboratory results, we decided to introduce the new amine solvent to the Mikawa pilot plant in order to evaluate the overall performance of this new solvent at 10t/d-scale test. We prepared the new solvent and subsequently stared to optimize the operation conditions, monitored the life performance and investigated the amine degradation. As a result, we confirmed the regeneration energy of 2.4GJ/t-CO2 with 90% capturing CO2 by 12%-CO2 concentration live flue gas from coal fired thermal power plant.
Glass-ceramics for sealing to Pd--Ag alloys (1979)

The development of glass-ceramics based on the K/sub 2/O--Li/sub 2/O--B/sub 2/O/sub 3/--SiO/sub 2/ and Li/sub 2/O--ZnO--SiO/sub 2/ systems and a process for sealing Pd--Ag alloy pins (Paliney 7 and Paliney M) in a stainless steel (304L) body is described. To fabricate hermetic seals it is necessary to control both the thermal expansion of the glass-ceramic and the sealing atmosphere. The thermel expansion of the glass-ceramic must approximately match that of the pins (140 x 10/sup -7/ /sup 0/C/sup -1/ for Paliney M). An oxidizing atmosphere consisting of 60 percent N/sub 2/ and 40 percent air is required to form surface oxides which promote wetting of the metal by the insulator.
Novel genetic parts and cultivation strategies for yeast-based conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks (2018)

The recent start-up of several full-scale ‘second generation’ ethanol plants marks a major milestone in the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains for fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates of agricultural residues and energy crops. In contrast to the fermentation of hexose sugar-rich substrates, such as corn syrup or sugar cane bagasse, these hydrolysates contain mixtures of the hexose sugar D-glucose and the pentose sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose. While S. cerevisiae performs excellently in fermenting hexose sugars to ethanol, efficient utilization of pentose sugars required extensive metabolic and evolutionary engineering.
Preparation of Al–SiC–Al 2 O 3 metal matrix composite powder by mechanochemical reaction between Al, SiO 2 and C (2013)

In this Letter, Al–SiC–Al 2 O 3 metal matrix nanocomposite powder was successfully synthesised employing a mechanical alloying technique, through a mechanochemical reaction among aluminium (Al), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and carbon (C). For commercial purposes, the materials (Al, SiO 2 and C powders) and also the method of synthesis (mechanical alloying) is considered to be cost‐effective for production of Al–SiC–Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite. The structural evaluation of powder particles after different milling times was conducted by X‐ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that during ball milling Al, SiO 2 and C reacted through a mechanochemical reaction producing Al–SiC–Al 2 O 3 metal matrix nanocomposite powder after 50 h of ball milling and annealing at a temperature of 650°C for 1 h. The crystallite sizes of phases remained in nanometric scale.
Differential Expression and Sequence Analysis of Ribosomal Protein Genes Induced in Stolon Tips of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during the Early Stages of Tuberization (1992)

cDNA clones of two genes, TUBS19 and TUBL7, which show a 15- to 20-fold increase in transcript level in the stolon tip during the early stages of tuberization, have been isolated by differential screening. These genes are also expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, and the expression pattern in these organs changes on tuberization. Southern analysis shows that there are similar sequences in the genome of nontuberizing wild-type potato species Solanum brevidens and in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). Sequence analysis reveals a high degree of similarity between the TUBS19 cDNA and the eukaryotic S19 ribosomal protein gene. TUBL7 cDNA shows similarity to another eukaryotic ribosomal protein gene, L7.
Energy Efficient and Energy Proportional Optical Interconnects for Multi-Core Processors: Driving the Need for On-Chip Sources (2014)

Silicon photonics is the prime candidate technology to realize an optical network-on-chip for global interconnects in future multi-core processors. Since silicon photonics lacks efficient native-substrate optical sources, the question is whether off-chip or heterogeneously integrated on-chip sources are the preferred technology. In this paper we argue, based on arguments of energy efficiency and energy proportionality, that on-chip sources provide a dramatic overall system efficiency improvement, as compared to using an off-chip (comb) source. We estimate an increase in source efficiency for on-chip lasers of close to 20 dB. These results provide a clear case to include on-chip lasers, such as hybrid silicon lasers, into the network architecture design.
ML Time-of-Arrival estimation based on low complexity UWB energy detection (2006)

Many different techniques for time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation have been described for UWB signals however they are typically highly complex. Energy detection based architectures have recently been seen as an interesting, low complexity solution for non-coherent ToA estimation. This paper presents a maximum likelihood (ML) ToA estimation strategy based on an energy detection approach utilizing a relatively long integration window. The technique offers improved estimation accuracy whilst overcoming the practical hardware limitation associated with the need for very short integration times in the receiver
A secure SSM architecture (2003)

The SSM model has appeared in order to overcome the problems of deployment of IP multicast. However, a real commercial deployment of SSM has to offer some security services. Our work proposes an architecture, called S-SSM, for securing the SSM model. S-SSM defines two mechanisms for access control and content protection. The first one is carried out through subscriber authentication and access permission. As for the second, it is realized through the management of a unique key, called the channel key, k/sub ch/, shared among the sender and subscribers. We have implemented a prototype of S-SSM in order to prove the feasibility and evaluate the performance of our design.
A simplified techno‐economic model for the molecular pharming of antibodies (2019)

Abstract By the end of 2017, the Food and Drug Administration had approved a total of 77 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), most of which are still manufactured today. Furthermore, global sales of mAbs topped $90 billion in 2017 and are projected to reach $125 billion by 2020. The mAbs approved for human therapy are mostly produced using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which require expensive infrastructure for production and purification. Molecular pharming in plants is an alternative approach with the benefits of lower costs, greater scalability, and intrinsic safety. For some platforms, the production cycle is also much quicker. But do these advantages really stack up in economic terms? Earlier techno‐economic evaluations have focused on specific platforms or processes and have used different methods, making direct comparisons challenging and the overall benefits of molecular pharming difficult to gauge. Here, we present a simplified techno‐economic model for the manufacturing of mAbs, which can be applied to any production platform by focusing on the most important factors that determine the efficiency and cost of bulk drug manufacturing. This model develops economic concepts to identify variables that can be used to achieve cost savings by simultaneously modeling the dynamic costs of upstream production at different scales and the corresponding downstream processing costs for different manufacturing modes (sequential, serial, and continuous). The use of simplified models will help to achieve meaningful comparisons between diverse manufacturing technologies.
Holographic nondestructive testing (1995)

Holographic nondestructive testing (HNDT) is a high sensitivity, full field, noncontact, optical technique for observing the changes in the surface of a part as it deforms under stress. The stress can arise from the minute application of heat, pressure, torque, or vibration. The information obtained can be used as a design aid to locate and quantify areas undergoing strain and as a quality control aid to identify structural flaws such as internal flaws or delaminations. HNDT is also used to identify and measure vibrational modes.
Fremanezumab as a preventive treatment for episodic and chronic migraine (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: The importance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathogenesis is well established. Fremanezumab is a humanized IgG2a monoclonal antibody that binds to CGRP. <b>Areas covered</b>: In this paper, we review the development of fremanezumab, from early development into approval. The authors focus on the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab in both migraine stages. The authors highlight studies conducted in special populations and focus on unique aspects of its development, as well as on clinical pearls supported by the data. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Fremanezumab was shown to be effective in episodic and chronic migraine, with a monthly and quarterly dose of administration, as monotherapy and add-on therapy. As with other monoclonal antibodies, the anti-CGRP onset of action was remarkably quick, and the effect seems to be maintained over time. No overt safety concerns emerged from the clinical studies, although long-term surveillance is necessary.
System Identification of Induction Motors for Auto Tuning (2000)

This paper introduces how to identify the parameters of the general equivalent circuit of induction motors. This method is implemented by using the system identification while no induction motor operates. The results have been compared with other results obtained experimentally by a conventional method.
TIA Linearity Analysis for Current Mode Receivers (2018)

Current-mode signal processing offers superior linearity and flexibility in front-end implementation. The linearity of a low-input-impedance Trans-Impedance Amplifier (TIA), which is used as a buffer stage that follows a passive mixer, is important in determining the overall receiver performance. In this paper, the analysis for optimizing the linearity of the feedback TIA is presented. The results helps to estimate the minimum required amplifier gain for a targeted linearity. The accuracy of the analysis is validated by simulating different TIA parameters.
Adenylated proteins in mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells cluster in functional categories: a new paradigm for cellular regulation? (2021)

In mammals, AMPylation of cellular proteins is carried out by Huntingtin yeast-interacting protein E, and pseudokinase SelO. Lysates from mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells have been fractionated by immuno-precipitation using magnetic Dynabeads coated with antibodies against both adenosine 5'-monophosphate in phosphate ester linkage to tyrosine, and adenosine-phosphate. Proteins pulled down with both these antibodies were subject to post-translational modification, most likely AMPylation. Using tandem mass spectrometry, analysis of these protein fractions identified 333 proteins that could be pulled down by both antibodies. Many of these proteins clustered in 13 functional Ingenuity Pathway Analysis categories of 4 or more adenylated proteins including some from the cytoskeleton, and some involved with initiating the unfolded protein response.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2021.1995608 .
Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement as a Fatigue Cracking Criterion for Asphalt Mixtures (2009)

This paper explores the essential work of fracture (EWF) testing method for mixtures as a means to further validate its application for asphalt binders. The method is an energy-based testing approach that has been used extensively for the failure characterization of ductile materials. It allows for a direct determination of the essential work required for failure (we), as well as an approximate critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), thus providing a measure of strain tolerance in the presence of flaws. Previous studies have shown that the CTOD of the binders correlated well with fatigue performance in various trial pavements and accelerated loading facility (ALF) lanes at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC). This paper documents and discusses the test results for mixture samples as used in the TFHRC ALF lanes. The determination of mixture and CTOD parameters allows for a direct comparison with binder and CTOD parameters as well as in service performance.