gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex-to-Real Sketches for Tensor Products with Applications to the Polynomial Kernel (2022)

Randomized sketches of a tensor product of $p$ vectors follow a tradeoff between statistical efficiency and computational acceleration. Commonly used approaches avoid computing the high-dimensional tensor product explicitly, resulting in a suboptimal dependence of $\mathcal{O}(3^p)$ in the embedding dimension. We propose a simple Complex-to-Real (CtR) modification of well-known sketches that replaces real random projections by complex ones, incurring a lower $\mathcal{O}(2^p)$ factor in the embedding dimension. The output of our sketches is real-valued, which renders their downstream use straightforward. In particular, we apply our sketches to $p$-fold self-tensored inputs corresponding to the feature maps of the polynomial kernel. We show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and speed compared to other randomized approximations from the literature.
Cross-utilization of β-galactosides and cellobiose in Geobacillus stearothermophilus (2020)

Strains of the Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> possess elaborate systems for the utilization of hemicellulolytic polysaccharides, including xylan, arabinan, and galactan. These systems have been studied extensively in strains T-1 and T-6, representing microbial models for the utilization of soil polysaccharides, and many of their components have been characterized both biochemically and structurally. Here, we characterized routes by which <i>G. stearothermophilus</i> utilizes mono- and disaccharides such as galactose, cellobiose, lactose, and galactosyl-glycerol. The <i>G. stearothermophilus</i> genome encodes a phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) for cellobiose. We found that the cellobiose-PTS system is induced by cellobiose and characterized the corresponding GH1 6-phospho-β-glucosidase, Cel1A. The bacterium also possesses two transport systems for galactose, a galactose-PTS system and an ABC galactose transporter. The ABC galactose transport system is regulated by a three-component sensing system. We observed that both systems, the sensor and the transporter, utilize galactose-binding proteins that also bind glucose with the same affinity. We hypothesize that this allows the cell to control the flux of galactose into the cell in the presence of glucose. Unexpectedly, we discovered that <i>G. stearothermophilus</i> T-1 can also utilize lactose and galactosyl-glycerol via the cellobiose-PTS system together with a bifunctional 6-phospho-β-gal/glucosidase, Gan1D. Growth curves of strain T-1 growing in the presence of cellobiose, with either lactose or galactosyl-glycerol, revealed initially logarithmic growth on cellobiose and then linear growth supported by the additional sugars. We conclude that Gan1D allows the cell to utilize residual galactose-containing disaccharides, taking advantage of the promiscuity of the cellobiose-PTS system.
15-Lipoxygenase-1 Metabolites Down-regulate Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ via the MAPK Signaling Pathway (2001)

Human colon tumors have elevated levels of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1), suggesting that 15-LO-1 may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. Also, 15-LO-1 metabolites can up-regulate epidermal growth factor signaling pathways, which results in an increase in mitogenesis. However, metabolites of 15-LO-1 can serve as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and activation of this receptor causes most colon cancer cell lines to undergo a differentiative response and reverse their malignant phenotype. Hence, the role 15-LO-1 plays in colon cancer is not clear. To clarify the role of 15-LO-1 in carcinogenesis, the effect of 15-LO-1 and its metabolites on epidermal growth factor signaling and PPARgamma was investigated. In HCT-116 cells, exogenously added 15-LO-1 metabolites, 13-(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 13-(R)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and 13-(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, up-regulated the MAPK signaling pathway, and an increase in PPARgamma phosphorylation was observed. Furthermore, in stable overexpressing 15-LO-1 HCT-116 cells, which produce endogenous 15-LO-1 metabolites, an up-regulation in mitogen-activated protein kinase and PPARgamma phosphorylation was observed. Incubation with a MAPK inhibitor ablated MAPK and PPARgamma phosphorylation. The 15-LO-1 up-regulates MAPK activity and increases PPARgamma phosphorylation, resulting in a down-regulation of PPARgamma activity. Thus, 15-LO-1 metabolites may not only serve as ligands for PPARgamma but can down-regulate PPARgamma activity via the MAPK signaling pathway.
Interior permanent magnet motor‐based isolated on‐board integrated battery charger for electric vehicles (2017)

This study proposes an isolated on‐board integrated battery charger using an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine with a nine‐slot/eight‐pole combination or its multiples, and equipped with a non‐overlapped fractional slot concentrated winding. The proposed winding layout comprises three three‐phase winding sets that are connected in such a way as to provide six motor terminals. Hence, a six‐phase or two three‐phase converters will be required for propulsion. Under motoring mode, the machine can be effectively regarded as a six‐phase machine, which provides a high fault‐tolerant capability, and allows for a ‘limp home’ mode of operation. Additionally, all magneto motive force subharmonics are eliminated, which significantly reduces the induced rotor eddy current losses, when compared with a conventional three‐phase motor having the same slot/pole combination. In battery charging mode, the winding is reconfigured, so that the machine is considered as a three‐phase to six‐phase rotating transformer. A 40 kW IPM machine is designed and simulated under different modes of operation using two‐dimensional finite element analysis to validate the proposed concept. A small‐scale prototype machine is also used for experimental validation.
Quantifying protein interface footprinting by hydroxyl radical oxidation and molecular dynamics simulation: Application to galectin-1 (2008)

Biomolecular surface mapping methods offer an important alternative method for characterizing protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions in cases in which it is not possible to determine high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) structures of complexes. Hydroxyl radical footprinting offers a significant advance in footprint resolution compared with traditional chemical derivatization. Here we present results of footprinting performed with hydroxyl radicals generated on the nanosecond time scale by laser-induced photodissociation of hydrogen peroxide. We applied this emerging method to a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-1. Since galectin-1 occurs as a homodimer, footprinting was employed to characterize the interface of the monomeric subunits. Efficient analysis of the mass spectrometry data for the oxidized protein was achieved with the recently developed ByOnic (Palo Alto, CA) software that was altered to handle the large number of modifications arising from side-chain oxidation. Quantification of the level of oxidation has been achieved by employing spectral intensities for all of the observed oxidation states on a per-residue basis. The level of accuracy achievable from spectral intensities was determined by examination of mixtures of synthetic peptides related to those present after oxidation and tryptic digestion of galectin-1. A direct relationship between side-chain solvent accessibility and level of oxidation emerged, which enabled the prediction of the level of oxidation given the 3D structure of the protein. The precision of this relationship was enhanced through the use of average solvent accessibilities computed from 10 ns molecular dynamics simulations of the protein.
5G Multi-Connectivity with Non-Ideal Backhaul: Distributed vs Cloud-Based Architecture (2018)

We investigate the throughput performance of multi-connectivity over Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Specifically, we examine the effect of non-ideal backhaul on the throughput for two architecture scenarios, namely: i) The distributed HetNet scenario where the multi-connectivity anchor is co-located with the macro cell; ii) the cloud-based HetNet scenario, where the multi-connectivity anchor point is located at a centralized network point. An extensive set of simulations is conducted, followed by an investigation of the effect of the backhaul latency, packet file size and offered load on the throughput. It is shown that the cloud-based HetNet architecture leads to a superior throughput performance than that of the distributed architecture. Moreover, it is shown that the backhaul delay considerably affects the overall throughput for both architecture options.
Estrogen replacement in middle-aged women: thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat (1992)

Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and body fluid responses during exercise in the heat were tested in five middle-aged (48 +/- 2 yr) women before and after 14-23 days of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The heat and exercise challenge consisted of a 40-min rest period followed by semirecumbent cycle exercise (approximately 40% maximal O2 uptake) for 60 min. At rest, the ambient temperature was elevated from a thermoneutral (dry bulb temperature 25 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 17.5 degrees C) to a warm humid (dry bulb temperature 36 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 27.5 degrees C) environment. Esophageal (Tes) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were measured to estimate body core temperature while arm blood flow and sweating rate were measured to assess the heat loss response. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured to evaluate the cardiovascular response. Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin ([Hb]), plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), protein, and electrolyte concentrations. Plasma [E2] was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by ERT without affecting the plasma [P4] levels. After ERT, Tes and Tre were significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by approximately 0.5 degrees C, and the Tes threshold for the onset of arm blood flow and sweating rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower during exercise. After ERT, heart rate during exercise was significantly lower (P < 0.05) without notable variation in mean arterial pressure. Isotonic hemodilution occurred with ERT evident by significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Hct and [Hb], whereas plasma tonicity remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SQA-A Proactive Approach to Assuring Software Quality (1994)

As AT&T participates in increasingly competitive global markets, the need to provide consistently high-quality software products becomes more crucial. Use of the Best Current Practices (BCP) guide is a key element of the AT&T Bell Laboratories approach to world-class quality. Software quality assurance (SQA) is a function that helps product-development organizations proactively measure, utilize, and improve development processes in order to produce high-quality software. The goals of SQA are to: — Facilitate the establishment of process standards, — Achieve the desired level of product quality, — Assess compliance with established standards and processes, — Identify instances of noncompliance for corrective action, and — Take corrective action as required. This paper presents the essential elements of an SQA function, and summarizes industry and AT&T experiences with SQA. The paper also discusses approaches for customizing SQA to differently sized projects and various phases of the software-development process.
MECHANISM OF THE SALUTARY EFFECT OF ANDROSTENEDIOL ON HEPATIC INTEGRITY FOLLOWING TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK: DOWNREGULATION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 LEVELS. (2004)

Shimizu, T.; Szalay, L.; Schwacha, M. G.; Rue, L. W.; Bland, K. I.; Chaudry, I. H. Author Information
Evaluation of Liver Diffusion Isotropy and Characterization of Focal Hepatic Lesions with Two Single-Shot Echo-planar MR Imaging Sequences: Prospective Study in 66 Patients (2003)

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging can help differentiate benign from malignant hepatic lesions. The use of two b values in one direction could be sufficient for the design of MR sequences in the liver.
Metabolic syndrome and the role of dietary lifestyles in Alzheimer’s disease (2008)

Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) has no cure or preventive treatment, an urgent need exists to find a means of preventing, delaying the onset, or reversing the course of the disease. Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, especially nutrition, may be crucial in controlling AD. Unhealthy lifestyle choices lead to an increasing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension--components of the metabolic syndrome. These disorders can also be linked to AD. Recent research supports the hypothesis that calorie intake, among other non-genetic factors, can influence the risk of clinical dementia. In animal studies, high calorie intake in the form of saturated fat promoted AD-type amyloidosis, while calorie restriction via reduced carbohydrate intake prevented it. Pending further study, it is prudent to recommend to those at risk for AD--e.g. with a family history or features of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin insensitivity, etc.--to avoid foods and beverages with added sugars; to eat whole, unrefined foods with natural fats, especially fish, nuts and seeds, olives and olive oil; and to minimize foods that disrupt insulin and blood sugar balance.
Radical deoxygenation (the reaction of Barton and McCombie) (1993)

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Power Quality Improvement of Distribution Feeder Using Hybrid Series Active Power Filters with Sliding Mode Controller (2018)

Because of common practice of power electronics apparatus or tools and integration of renewable energy resources the quality of electrical power system become more important now. In this paper hybrid APF with sliding mode controller and notch harmonic detection technique are implemented to enhance the power quality of distribution network. This method easily compensates the reactive power which is injected from residential customer and source current harmonics which are injected from nonlinear load. This method improves the quality of power with laundering the common coupling point (PCC) from harmonics and distortions of voltages which is originated through the grid. Sliding mode controller is used, and proposed system clean the PCC from the sag, swell and distortion of voltages which is because of nonlinear load, hence no malfunction entered in grid station. Simulation results carried out on 1.6 kVA prototype and discussed.
Visualization of Emergency Department Clinical Data for Interpretable Patient Phenotyping (2019)

Visual summarization of clinical data collected on patients contained within the electronic health record (EHR) may enable precise and rapid triage at the time of patient presentation to an emergency department (ED). The triage process is critical in the appropriate allocation of resources and in anticipating eventual patient disposition, typically admission to the hospital or discharge home. EHR data are high-dimensional and complex, but offer the opportunity to discover and characterize underlying data-driven patient phenotypes. These phenotypes will enable improved, personalized therapeutic decision making and prognostication. In this work, we focus on the challenge of two-dimensional patient projections. A low dimensional embedding offers visual interpretability lost in higher dimensions. While linear dimensionality reduction techniques such as principal component analysis are often used towards this aim, they are insufficient to describe the variance of patient data. In this work, we employ the newly-described non-linear embedding technique called uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). UMAP seeks to capture both local and global structures in high-dimensional data. We then use Gaussian mixture models to identify clusters in the embedded data and use the adjusted Rand index (ARI) to establish stability in the discovery of these clusters. This technique is applied to five common clinical chief complaints from a real-world ED EHR dataset, describing the emergent properties of discovered clusters. We observe clinically-relevant cluster attributes, suggesting that visual embeddings of EHR data using non-linear dimensionality reduction is a promising approach to reveal data-driven patient phenotypes. In the five chief complaints, we find between 2 and 6 clusters, with the peak mean pairwise ARI between subsequent training iterations to range from 0.35 to 0.74.
Reservoir Geophysics: Seismic Pattern Recognition Applied to Ultra-Deepwater Oilfield in Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil (2001)

Abstract Usually, seismic data is used in a qualitative approach to detect changes in the waveform and to pick acoustic continuity of a peak and/or a through as a structural mapping tool. The seismic interpretation is a qualitative process for building a geological model. Today, many works try to use the seismic information in a quantitative approach. Seismic interpretation in a quantitative approach is a key process in the integration of geoscience data at scales from basin-wide studies, reservoir focused and field-development process. Quantitative modeling could be deterministic and/or probabilistic. We use, in many steps of a seismic processing sequence, examples of quantitative deterministic modeling like seismic migration, some seismic inversion methodology, etc. Probabilistic modeling can be gathered in two groups: multivariate statistics and geostatistics approaches. Close to probabilistic modeling, we have also the neural network method. In this paper, we focus on the application of neural network modeling for seismic pattern recognition (seismic facies analysis) applied an ultra-deepwater turbidite oilfield reservoir in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil.
Solubility of Cis, Cis-Muconic Acid in Various Polar Solvents from 298.15 K to 348.15 K (2017)

The present work concerns with an investigation on the solubility of cis,cis-muconic acid dissolution in different polar solvents by characterizing and modeling the dissolution as a function of temperature. Water, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetic acid have been investigated as solvents in the range temperatures from a 298.15 to 348.15 K. Owing to the absence of cis,cis-muconic acid solubility data, the molar fraction and temperature were correlated using the modified Apelblat equation model, which is applied for the mathematic fitting of experimental data.A total relative average deviation of 3.54% was obtained for the experimental results and the solubility data obtained with the model, thus attesting the adequacy for this study. The use of modified Apelblat equation also allowed to determine the molar enthalpy and molar entropy of dissolution. The dissolution of cis,cis-muconic acid in water, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetic acid, over temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 348.15 K, has been shown to be exothermic.
Characterization and potential use of truncated PCV2 capsid protein and its polyclonal antibody for diagnosis of PCV2 infections. (2008)

As porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) ORF2 encodes the major structural protein (capsid) that is closely related to the pathogenesis, the capsid (Cap) protein could be used as a target antigen for serological analysis. The immunoactivities of the truncated capsid proteins containing immunogenic epitopes of PCV2 (Cap2s) or PCV1 (Cap1s) expressed in Escherichia coli were described, as well as the characteristic of their polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis of PCV2 infection. Western blot analysis revealed that both Cap2s and Cap1s gave strong signals on nitrocellulose membranes to their corresponding polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, either PCV2-positive sera from PMWS cases or PCV1-positive swine sera could only recognize Cap2s or Capls, respectively. There was also no cross-reactivity between the two polyclonal antibodies when reacted with natural Cap proteins of viral particles on cells by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Thus, an ELISA was then developed using PCV2 Cap as coating antigen to evaluate the sero-prevalence of PCV2 infection in pigs. The PCV2-positive rate ranged from 48.28% to 100% among different herds (n = 13) with an average of 80.69% (209/259). These results indicate that Cap2s was type-specific and could be used as a discriminative antigen for monitoring PCV2 antibody in serum. The polyclonal antibodies were also useful for differential identification of PCV1 and PCV2 infection by immunohistochemistry.
Aromaticity and Curvature in Heteroacepentalenes (2007)

Heteroatom-substituted acepentalene derivatives which are isoelectronic with the known acepentalenediide dianion are nonplanar, fused aromatic tricycles which are hemifullerenes of the corresponding C20 heteroanalogue. Depending on the number and position of heteroatoms, they may be anionic, neutral, or cationic. A nucleus-independent chemical shift study indicates that substitution of the central carbon of the acepentalenediide system with N or O results in a substantial increase in aromaticity. Peripheral aza substitution on the other hand tends to increase curvature and decrease aromaticity. Alkylation or protonation at the central position of asymmetrically substituted heteroacepentalenides leads to chiral, bowl-shaped, 10 pi aromatic species.
InAs/GaSb/InSb short-period superlattice diode lasers emitting near 3.3 µm at room temperature (2008)

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1-Methylcyclopropene treatment modifies postharvest behavior of Fantasia nectarines (2008)

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, on the ripening and quality of Fantasia nectarines were examined. Fruit were harvested from two commercial orchards and subsequently exposed to 1 μL L -1 of 1-MCP for 24 h at 0°C. Following treatment, fruit were held at 0°C for 0, 2, or 4 wk, and then assessed for quality during a ripening period at 23°C. 1-MCP treatment improved postharvest firmness retention in nectarines after 0 and 2 wk at 0°C plus 4 days at 23°C. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) was lower in nectarines treated with 1 MCP and held for 0 or 4 wk at 0°C, compared with similar non-treated fruit. The peel ground color change from green to yellow was also delayed by 1-MCP. Nectarines treated with 1-MCP exhibited less CO 2 and hydrophobic volatile production during 14 days at 23°C, compared with non-treated fruit. The overall inhibition of fruit ripening by 1-MCP appears transitory in Fantasia nectarines. Chilling injury was observed after 4 wk of storage at 0°C and 1-MCP-treated fruit had less visual chilling-related injury but greater chilling-induced flesh hardening. Further research is needed to determine the effects of 1-MCP on different chilling injury symptoms in nectarines. Key words: 1-MCP, fruit quality, ripening, storage, shelf-life, Prunus persica