gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on Silicon-challenges and opportunities (2005)

Silicon photonics could enable a chip-scale platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications of optical interconnects in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. This paper discusses mechanisms in silicon photonics for waveguiding, modulating, light amplification, and emission. These mechanisms, together with recent advances of fabrication techniques, have enabled the demonstration of ultracompact passive and active silicon photonic components with very low loss.
Downsampled Imaging Geometric Modeling for Accurate CT Reconstruction via Deep Learning (2021)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used clinically to diagnose a variety of diseases by reconstructing the tomographic images of a living subject using penetrating X-rays. For accurate CT image reconstruction, a precise imaging geometric model for the radiation attenuation process is usually required to solve the inversion problem of CT scanning, which encodes the subject into a set of intermediate representations in different angular positions. Here, we show that accurate CT image reconstruction can be subsequently achieved by downsampled imaging geometric modeling via deep-learning techniques. Specifically, we first propose a downsampled imaging geometric modeling approach for the data acquisition process and then incorporate it into a hierarchical neural network, which simultaneously combines both geometric modeling knowledge of the CT imaging system and prior knowledge gained from a data-driven training process for accurate CT image reconstruction. The proposed neural network is denoted as DSigNet, i.e., downsampled-imaging-geometry-based network for CT image reconstruction. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed DSigNet for accurate CT image reconstruction with clinical patient data. In addition to improving the CT image quality, the proposed DSigNet might help reduce the computational complexity and accelerate the reconstruction speed for modern CT imaging systems.
Dynamic penetration test based on YOLOv5 (2022)

Dynamic penetration test is a common geological exploration test method used to distinguish soil types and determine the bearing capacity of foundation soil. In the test, it is necessary for the recorder to manually record the number of hammer strokes that the probe rod is hit into the specified soil depth. However, miscalculation caused by possible omissions, overcalculations and calibration line judgment errors in the recording process will greatly affect the accuracy of the test. This paper proposes a cone dynamic penetration test based on YOLOv5(You Only Look Once). YOLOv5 object detection algorithm is used to identify the position of penetration hammer in the dynamic penetration test. The falling distance of this hammer is determined by the position difference of penetration hammer after two adjacent hammer strikes. Thus, YOLOv5 can be used to replace the role of recorder in current dynamic penetration test. Through the experiment, it is concluded that in the same dynamic penetration test, the difference between the algorithm in this paper and the data recorded manually is small, which has certain practical significance. It can be used to simplify the dynamic penetration test process and improve the exploration efficiency. The data obtained by the algorithm in this paper can be used as a reference for the design of the actual building foundation.
Electroformation of giant unilamellar vesicles using interdigitated ITO electrodes (2013)

A coplanar interdigitated electrode was used as a new electrode system to form giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The formation of GUVs using interdigitated electrodes was investigated in detail with respect to various parameters, including solution height, electrode width, the amplitude and frequency of AC fields, and temperature. Interdigitated electrodes with smaller widths generated bigger GUVs under the same conditions. According to both experimental and 3D field simulation results, a solution height above 600 μm has no influence on the GUV formation. GUVs were obtained within a wide range of frequency from 1 Hz to 104 Hz and field amplitude from 1 V to 10 V. The diameters of the GUVs decreased with increasing frequency at a constant amplitude, and increased with increasing amplitude from 1 V to 5 V and then decreased from 5 V to 10 V at 10 Hz. A phase diagram based on varying the AC frequency and amplitude was obtained experimentally, which can be used to predict the electroformation of GUVs.
Association of immune-related genes to neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with survival of cetuximab treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): JACCRO CC-05/06AR. (2017)

11613 Background: The antitumor activity of cetuximab (cet) may be affected by extracellular immune mechanisms. We have reported that immune-related genes are associated with survival in mCRC patients (pts) treated with cet (ASCO 2016 abstract#11591). NLR reflects cancer-related inflammation and is a validated prognostic maker in many types of cancers; however, it is not currently used for treatment decision-making. The association between NLR and clinical outcome of cet treatment for mCRC is unknown, and which genes are affecting the NLR remain to be identified. Methods: We enrolled 77 pts (57% males and 15% right-colon cancer) with KRAS exon 2 wild-type from 2 phase II trials (JACCRO CC-05 or CC-06) of 1st-line therapy with FOLFOX or SOX plus cet. All patients’ tissues were measured for expression levels of 354 immune-related genes by HTG EdgeSeq Oncology Biomarker Panel using next generation sequencing for quantitative analysis of targeted RNAs. The association between the NLR and clinical outcome was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In addition, the two-sample t-test was performed to investigate which genes had significantly different expression level between NLR-low and high groups in top 100 genes associated with survival among all measured genes. Results: Seventy-one of 77 pts were available for NLR data. The NLR was associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (r = 0.24; p= 0.04, r = 0.29; p= 0.01, respectively). When stratified by median value of NLR, the Kaplan-Meier curve of NLR-low (n = 36) vs. high (n = 35) had a significant difference in both PFS (median 11.8 vs. 9.1 m, p= 0.036) and OS (median 42.8 vs. 26.7 m, p= 0.029). The two-sample t-test revealed that LYZ, TYMP, and CD68 genes expressed significantly differently between NLR-low and high groups (t-test p-value &lt; 0.005, FDR p-value &lt; 0.150). Conclusions: NLR is significantly associated with survival of 1st-line cet treatment for mCRC. Genes encoding for activities on tissue macrophages and endothelial cells may affect the level of NLR associated with outcome of cet combination chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: UMIN000010635.
Physiology-Based Run-to-Run Adaptation of Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratio Improves Type 1 Diabetes Therapy: Results from an In Silico Study (2019)

The insulin to carbohydrate ratio (CR) is a parameter used by patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to calculate the pre-meal insulin bolus and compensate postprandial glucose excursion. However, CR is known to vary over time, within and between days, hence tracking its variations is important for optimizing glucose control. Physicians periodically tune this parameter, by trial and error, based on empirical guidelines and patient's diary, but contemporary diabetes technology has the potential to move to CR adaptation. The aim of this work is to propose an algorithm to adapt patient's CR to physiological and/or behavioral changes based on minimally-invasive everyday-life technology data. We developed a run-to-run (R2R) algorithm for CR adaptation exploiting a physiology-based method for CR optimization. The algorithm retrospectively evaluates the quality of glycemic control and proposes, every 2 days, an adaptation of patient's CR by using patient's minimally-invasive data. The performance of the algorithm was assessed in silico using the single-day University of Virginia/Padova T1D simulator (Visentin et al., J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018) which incorporates a model for intra-day variability of insulin sensitivity and dawn phenomenon. The feasibility and robustness of the algorithm was tested in a 35-day scenario (7 days of run-in), with 3 meals per day, in 100 in silico subjects by including inter-day variability of insulin sensitivity (Toffanin et al., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018) together with suboptimal CR or basal insulin infusion rate. Different values of the R2R gain (λ) were tested, ranging from \pmb0 to 1. In all simulations, CR adaptation improves glycemic control in a significant percentage of virtual subjects, within 5 weeks. Moreover, the method was safe also in case of suboptimal insulin infusion rate. Based on simulation results, a good compromise between safety and efficacy was achieved with λ between 0.5 and 1. The proposed R2R algorithm for CR adaptation proved to be effective in silico. These results need to be confirmed clinically. The method can potentially be used in conjunction with algorithms for basal insulin adaptation and/or closed-loop control.
Dispersed Repetitive Sequences in Eukaryotic Genomes and Their Possible Biological Significance (1983)

The eukaryotic genome contains numerous repeating elements varying in length from a few hundred to several thousand base pairs. Most of them appear to be transposable elements, and indeed, their ability to transpose explains their dispersion throughout the whole genome as well as their conservation. It is suggested that in many cases transposition involves reverse transcription. Although, in a strict sense, the transposable repetitive elements may be considered as “selfish” DNA, their influence on genome functioning should not be underestimated. Genomic rearrangements induced by them may also be involved in gross evolutionary changes.
(Invited) Electrochemistry Meets Heterogeneous Catalysis for the Conversion of CO2 and N2 to Fuels and Chemicals (2020)

Electrochemical reactors operating at intermediate temperatures (200 – 400 °C) can potentially have several advantages over their high temperature (600- 1000 °C) and low temperature (&lt; 100 °C) counterparts. For example their potential of an increased catalytic activity enabling a decrease in material cost compared to low temperature cells, and can be thermally integrated into other chemical processes like synthesis of synthetic fuels and chemicals, such as methanol and ammonia. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to chemical building blocks such as CO, CH 3 OH, and CH 4 is a dream for electrochemists, and high faradaic efficiencies have been reported for liquid electrochemical cells operated at ambient temperature, using e.g. Cu electrodes [1]. However, selectivity and electrochemical activity are far from being technically relevant, so that heterogeneous catalysis processes still are the matter of choice. Even more difficult is the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen f.i. to ammonia. In this contribution, activities at DTU Energy are summarized using solid state electrochemical cells under operating conditions close to the well-known catalytic synthesis of methanol and ammonia. For CO 2 reduction, cells based on CsH 2 PO 4 as electrolyte and Cu based cathodes have been investigated towards their electrochemical activity in both H 2 /H 2 O and H 2 /H 2 O/CO 2 containing atmospheres at elevated temperatures of 240 °C. Proton conducting ceramics cells based on barium cerate with Mo and Fe electrodes have been characterized in H 2 /N 2 atmospheres between 300 and 500 °C. Electrochemical impedance analysis point towards a predominant hydrogen evolution and the role of adsorption and desorption processes as well as overpotential will be discussed. [1] Y. Hori, Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry: Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes, Springer New York, USA 42 (2008), 89-189.
Clustered distributed virtual shared memory for large-scale multiprocessing (1998)

One potentially attractive way to build large scale shared-memory machines is to use small-to-medium scale shared-memory machines as clusters, interconnecting the clusters with an off-the-shelf network. To create a shared-memory programming environment across the clusters, we can use a virtual shared-memory software layer. Because of the low latency and high bandwidth of the interconnect available within each cluster, there are clear advantages in making the clusters as large as possible. The critical question then becomes whether the latency and bandwidth of the top-level network and the software system are sufficient to support the communication demands generated by different applications.
To explore these questions, we have built a virtual shared-memory system using shared-memory multiprocessors and a general purpose network. We implement both single-writer and multiple-writer coherency protocols, adapting those protocols to operate in a clustered environment. We evaluate the overall performance of the system using a variety of applications and examine tradeoffs in clustering and alternative protocols.
Our results show that while some well-structured applications can tolerate the latencies of the off-the-shelf interconnects, for a majority of the applications we studied, the high latency of the software system is a serious limitation. For highly clustered configurations, lower bandwidth on a per-processor basis is also a limitation. Thus, increasing the cluster size without scaling the intercluster network leads to poor performance for communication intensive applications. Contrary to the hypotheses of some earlier work, we find that a relaxed single-writer protocol performs better than a relaxed multiple-writer protocol, for four of the five applications we studied. Our results lead us to conclude that it is unlikely that using off-the-shelf networks, virtual shared-memory software, and multiprocessor clusters will lead to a competitive alternative for building large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors that are useful for a wide range of applications.
Hydrocracking of Fischer‐Tropsch waxes: Kinetic modeling via LHHW approach (2010)

Abstract A lumped kinetic model to describe the hydrocracking of complex mixtures of paraffins, such as Fischer‐Tropsch waxes, has been developed. A Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson approach has been followed, accounting for physisorption by means of the Langmuir isotherm. Finally, a complete form of the rate expression is used, thus introducing the equilibrium constants for dehydrogenation and protonation elementary steps. To minimize the number of model parameters, the kinetic and thermodynamic constants are defined as functions of the chain length. Vapor–liquid equilibrium is calculated along the reactor, and the hydrocarbons concentrations are described by means of fugacity. The model provides quite a good fitting of experimental results and is able to predict the effects of the operating conditions (temperature, pressure, H 2 /wax ratio, and WHSV). Outstandingly, the estimated values and trends of the kinetic and thermodynamic constants (activation energies, Langmuir adsorption constants, etc.) are in line with their physical meaning. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Neostigmine for the Treatment of Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (2000)

The condition called acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is a severe form of adynamic ileus with a massively dilated colon but no mechanical obstruction. It occurs in hospitalized patients with a wide range of medical and surgical disorders. Colonoscopic decompression sometimes is required to prevent ischemia and perforation. This prospective, double-blind study compared neostigmine with placebo as a treatment for 21 adults with an acutely distended abdomen and a cecal diameter of at least 10 cm on radiographic study. None had responded to at least 24 hours of conservative treatment (nothing by mouth, nasogastric suction, intravenous fluid/electrolyte replacement). Eleven patients were randomly selected to receive 2 mg of neostigmine intravenously, and 10 patients received intravenous saline. The electrocardiogram was monitored, and symptomatic bradycardia was treated with intravenous atropine. In both groups, pseudo-obstruction had been present for 3 days on average. All but one of the 11 patients treated with neostigmine (91 percent) promptly evacuated flatus or stool as abdominal distention resolved. None of the placebo patients had such a response. The median interval from neostigmine injection to a clinical response was only 4 minutes. These patients also had a significant decrease in colonic diameter. The unresponsive patient later responded to open-label treatment. Two initial responders required colonoscopic decompression for recurrent distention. Seven placebo patients received open-label neostigmine. The overall immediate response rate to initial or open-label neostigmine injection was 94 percent. A majority of actively treated patients had transient abdominal cramps. Excessive salivation was frequent, and two patients vomited. Two patients received atropine for bradycardia. Intravenous neostigmine is an effective means of relieving acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and should be considered before colonoscopy when conservative measures fail. N Engl J Med 1999;341:137–141
Peer Reviewed: Molecular Imprinting: New Possibilities for Sensor Technology (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Molecular Imprinting: New Possibilities for Sensor Technology Molecular imprinting-based biomimetic sensors could provide an alternative to often unstable biosensors for industry, medicine, and environmental analysis Dario Kriz, Olof Ramström, and Klaus MosbachCite this: Anal. Chemi. 1997, 69, 11, 345A–349APublication Date (Web):June 1, 2011Publication History Published online1 June 2011Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac971657ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac971657eresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1868Altmetric-Citations313LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Sensors Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous versus staged bilateral direct anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: Are early patient-centered outcomes equivalent? (2016)

While accumulating data on the direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA) have demonstrated clinical benefit and durable results, there is little data that exists on patient-centered outcomes and satisfaction when comparing simultaneous bilateral procedures with staged arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to determine whether simultaneous bilateral THA and staged arthroplasty result in equivalent early (1) patient-centered outcomes and patient satisfaction; while maintaining acceptable rates of (2) objective clinical outcome scores, (2) complication rates; and (3) radiographic results. In retrospective review, 41 patients who underwent bilateral one-stage THA were compared to 44 patients who underwent staged bilateral THA during the same time period. The minimum clinical follow up was two years. Generic (EQ-VAS and EuroQoL-5D index) and condition-specific (Oxford Hip Score) instruments were used to assess patient-reported outcomes. Other variables included length of hospital stay (LOS), operative and anesthetic times, blood loss, intra- and post-operative (local and systemic) complications, and radiographic analysis. No significant differences between the two groups were found for patient-reported outcomes, complications, or radiographic assessment. The simultaneous THA group had shorter LOS and operative and anesthetic times, as well as less blood loss.
A Novel Wavelet Packet Transform Based Feature Extraction Algorithm For Image Texture Classification (2005)

A novel algorithm for extracting features of image textures to facilitate better classification is described. The algorithm uses energy matrices at all subbands of the wavelet packet transform coefficients to extract the feature vector. The size of feature vector is reduced by taking the weighted average of the feature vectors at all subbands. The classification is performed by Euclidean classifier. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The classification rate of the proposed algorithm is found to be better than conventional wavelet packet signature (WPS) algorithm.
Characterization of Novel Splice Variants of LGR7 and LGR8 Reveals That Receptor Signaling Is Mediated by Their Unique Low Density Lipoprotein Class A Modules (2006)

The relaxin and insulin-like peptide 3 receptors, LGR7 and LGR8, respectively, are unique members of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (LGR) family, because they possess an N-terminal motif with homology to the low density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) modules. By characterizing several LGR7 and LGR8 splice variants, we have revealed that the LDLa module directs ligand-activated cAMP signaling. The LGR8-short variant encodes an LGR8 receptor lacking the LDLa module, whereas LGR7-truncate, LGR7-truncate-2, and LGR7-truncate-3 all encode truncated secreted proteins retaining the LGR7 LDLa module. LGR8-short and an engineered LGR7 variant missing its LDLa module, LGR7-short, bound to their respective ligands with high affinity but lost their ability to signal via stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation. Conversely, secreted LGR7-truncate protein with the LDLa module was able to block relaxin-induced LGR7 cAMP signaling and did so without compromising the ability of LGR7 to bind to relaxin or be expressed on the cell membrane. Although the LDLa module of LGR7 was N-glycosylated at position Asn-14, an LGR7 N14Q mutant retained relaxin binding affinity and cAMP signaling, implying that glycosylation is not essential for optimal LDLa function. Using real-time PCR, the expression of mouse LGR7-truncate was detected to be high in, and specific to, the uterus of pregnant mice. The differential expression and evolutionary conservation of LGR7-truncate further suggests that it may also play an important role in vivo. This study highlights the essential role of the LDLa module in LGR7 and LGR8 function and introduces a novel model of GPCR regulation.
Characterization of lactic acid producing Bacillus coagulans strains with their antibacterial activity and L-lactic acid production (2018)

Objectives: Screening of antibacterial activity, identification, and L-lactic acid production of spore forming Bacillus isolates. Materials and methods: Fourteen Bacillus isolates were characterized based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16SrRNA .
Ammodoremin, an Epimeric Mixture of Prenylated Chromandiones from Ammoniacum (1991)

Abstract From the gun resin Ammoniacum, an epimeric mixture 2a / 3a of highly functionalized prenylated chromandiones was isolated. Their structure was established by spectral data and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The compounds were isolated as acetates 2b / 3b , and these derivatives showed in vivo haemorrhagic activity.