gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal treatment of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease psychosis: challenges and solutions (2014)

Psychotic symptoms emerging in the context of neurodegeneration as a consequence of Alzheimer's disease was recognized and documented by Alois Alzheimer himself in his description of the first reported case of the disease. Over a quarter of a century ago, in the context of attempting to develop prognostic markers of disease progression, psychosis was identified as an independent predictor of a more-rapid cognitive decline. This finding has been subsequently well replicated, rendering psychotic symptoms an important area of exploration in clinical history taking - above and beyond treatment necessity - as their presence has prognostic significance. Further, there is now a rapidly accreting body of research that suggests that psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD+P) is a heritable disease subtype that enjoys neuropathological specificity and localization. There is now hope that the elucidation of the neurobiology of the syndrome will pave the way to translational research eventuating in new treatments. To date, however, the primary treatments employed in alleviating the suffering caused by AD+P are the atypical antipsychotics. These agents are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia, but they have only marginal efficacy in treating AD+P and are associated with troubling levels of morbidity and mortality. For clinical approaches to AD+P to be optimized, this syndrome must be disentangled from other primary psychotic disorders, and recent scientific advances must be translated into disease-specific therapeutic interventions. Here we provide a review of atypical antipsychotic efficacy in AD+P, followed by an overview of critical neurobiological observations that point towards a frontal, tau-mediated model of disease, and we suggest a new preclinical animal model for future translational research.
A chemically defined protein-free liquid medium for the cultivation of some species of Neisseria. (1967)

Chemically defined, protein-free, liquid culture media are needed for research with pathogenic bacteria and for the preparation of vaccines from them. Variations in growth or yield of organisms should be due only to differences in strain, and the medium itself should have little or no antigenic properties or toxicity. The medium should maintain the integrity of the bacterial species fully and it is particularly important that the complete antigenic complement of the organism should remain unaltered. The medium should be inexpensive and simple to prepare. Such a medium for the cultivation of some species of Neisseria, known to be fastidious, is described.In this new medium all the criteria are satisfied, and its freedom from sensitizing proteins makes it of particular value for use in man. Results of safety tests of vaccines prepared from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis grown in this medium were encouraging. It should also be useful in studies on the physiological characteristics of the individual species.
El raleo quimico en floracion incrementa el tamano del fruto y el valor de la produccion en durazno variedad Zee Lady (2018)

Durante 2007 se condujo un experimento de raleo de flores y frutos en durazno, en Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México, en arboles de 5 años de edad, de la variedad Zee Lady, injertado en el portainjerto Bailey de semilla. La variedad ‘Zee Lady’ se utiliza para consumo en fresco. Los tratamientos aplicados fueron el testigo, sin aplicar; poda severa al momento de f loración completa; raleo manual de frutos espaciados 15 cm aproximadamente, 45 días después de plena floración; aceite de soya (SO) al 8% aplicado aproximadamente 25 días antes de f loración; tiosulfato de amonio (ATS) (3.5%, 5%); cal azufre (LS) (1%, 3%) más aceite de soya (SO) (2%) aplicado al 20% de f loración; cal azufre (LS) (1%, 3%) más aceite de soya (2%) aplicado al 90% de f loración; Wilthin (0.5%, 0.75%) aplicados a f loración completa. Los resultados indican que el raleo manual reduce el amarre de fruto a 14%. ATS (5%), LS (3%) más SO (2%) a plena f loración, y la poda severa fueron los tratamientos más efectivos para reducir la carga de fruto en el árbol. LS (1%) más SO (2%) al 20% de f loración o a f loración completa, poda severa, o aceite de soya produce los frutos más grandes. Wilthin (0.5%) produjo frutos más pequeños que el testigo. LS (1%) más SO (2%) al 20% de f loración o a floracióncompleta,podasevera,oaceitedesoya,ATS(3.5%), and Wilthin (0.75%) generaron los ingresos más altos en un rango entre $12 789.00 y $13 785.00 ha-1.
The role of macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance (2008)

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Loss of intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance in Acinetobacter haemolyticus as a result of three distinct types of alterations in the aac(6')-Ig gene, including insertion of IS17 (1997)

The distribution of the aac(6')-Ig gene, encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase-Ig [AAC(6')-Ig], was studied in 96 Acinetobacter haemolyticus strains and 12 proteolytic Acinetobacter strains, including Acinetobacter genomospecies 6, 13, and 14 and 3 unnamed species assigned to this genomic group by DNA-DNA hybridization. This gene was detected by DNA-DNA hybridization in all 96 A. haemolyticus strains and by PCR in 95 strains but was not detected in strains of other species, indicating that it may be used to identify A. haemolyticus. Three A. haemolyticus strains were susceptible to tobramycin and did not produce an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetylating activity, although they contained aac(6')-Ig-related sequences. An analysis of three susceptible A. haemolyticus strains indicated that aminoglycoside resistance was abolished by the following three distinct mechanisms: (i) a point mutation in aac(6')-Ig that led to a Met56-->Arg substitution, which was shown by analysis of a revertant to be responsible for the loss of resistance; (ii) a polythymine insertion that altered the reading frame; and (iii) insertion of IS17, a new member of the IS903 family. These observations indicated that AAC(6')-Ig is not essential for the viability of A. haemolyticus, although the aac(6')-Ig gene was detected in all members of this species.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cyclin E Associates with the Lipogenic Enzyme ATP-Citrate Lyase to Enable Malignant Growth of Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cyclin E associates with endogenous ACLY in breast cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Human recombinant endopeptidase PHEX has a strict S1' specificity for acidic residues and cleaves peptides derived from fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (2003)

The PHEX gene (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) encodes a protein (PHEX) with structural homologies to members of the M13 family of zinc metallo-endopeptidases. Mutations in the PHEX gene are responsible for X-linked hypophosphataemia in humans. However, the mechanism by which loss of PHEX function results in the disease phenotype, and the endogenous PHEX substrate(s) remain unknown. In order to study PHEX substrate specificity, combinatorial fluorescent-quenched peptide libraries containing o -aminobenzoic acid (Abz) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) as the donor-acceptor pair were synthesized and tested as PHEX substrates. PHEX showed a strict requirement for acidic amino acid residues (aspartate or glutamate) in S(1)' subsite, with a strong preference for aspartate. Subsites S(2)', S(1) and S(2) exhibited less defined specificity requirements, but the presence of leucine, proline or glycine in P(2)', or valine, isoleucine or histidine in P(1) precluded hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme. The peptide Abz-GFSDYK(Dnp)-OH, which contains the most favourable residues in the P(2) to P(2)' positions, was hydrolysed by PHEX at the N-terminus of aspartate with a k(cat)/ K(m) of 167 mM(-1) x s(-1). In addition, using quenched fluorescence peptides derived from fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein sequences flanked by Abz and N -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine, we showed that these physiologically relevant proteins are potential PHEX substrates. Finally, our results clearly indicate that PHEX does not have neprilysin-like substrate specificity.
Photorefractive Persistence and Erasure in AlGaAs Spatial Light Modulators (1995)

Spatial light modulators have been demonstrated by a number of groups using GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well materials. These optical modulators utilize the enhanced electro-absorption and electro-dispersion associated with quantum confined excitons. Many of these devices use pixelated electrodes to apply a spatially varying electric field across the quantum well layer. We have investigated non-pixelated devices in which the applied field is varied through spatially modulated illumination. These optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLM) are simple to fabricate and have demonstrated higher spatial resolution than pixelated devices. [1-4] Here we present recent experiments designed to determine the lifetime of the transient space charge distributions generated in GaAs/AlGaAs OASLM's.
Accuracy Evaluation of Ultrawideband Time Domain Systems for Microwave Imaging (2011)

We perform a theoretical analysis of the measurement accuracy of ultrawideband time domain systems. The theory is tested on a specific ultrawideband system and the analytical estimates of measurement uncertainty are in good agreements with those obtained by means of simulations. The influence of the antennas and propagation effects on the measurement accuracy of time domain near field microwave imaging systems is discussed. As an interesting application, the required measurement accuracy for a breast cancer detection system is estimated by studying the effect of noise on the image reconstructions. The results suggest that the effects of measurement errors on the reconstructed images are small when the amplitude uncertainty and phase uncertainty of measured data are less than 1.5 dB and 15 degrees, respectively.
The Persistence of Human Peripheral Lymphocytes, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes, and Colon Adenocarcinomas in Immunodeficient Mice (1992)

The reconstitution of severely immunodeficient mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may represent a unique model system to evaluate human antitumor responses. To evaluate this possibility, we studied human PBMC reconstitution, human tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) persistence, and human colon adenocarcinoma propagation in beige/nude/xid (BNX) and in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. To evaluate human PBMC reconstitution, 75 mice received 1 x 10(7)-1 x 10(9) human PBMCs i.p. or i.v. and were studied at intervals ranging from 1 to 8 weeks by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and by measurement of circulating human immunoglobulin levels. By FACS analyses, only one of 75 mice had evidence of human PBMC persistence at 2 weeks in the spleen. Moreover, liver and peritoneum showed evidence of human cells in only 13 of 56 and 16 of 55 mice, respectively. In these mice, human cells comprised 1-77% of total cells recovered. Human immunoglobulin levels in mouse serum ranged from 0 to 34,000 micrograms/ml and correlated only weakly with evidence of human PBMC reconstitution in peripheral organs, but were generally higher in SCID mice than in BNX mice. Human TIL persistence was evaluated in BNX and SCID mice that were given 3 x 10(7) TILs i.v. (in divided doses) or 1 x 10(8) i.p. TILs along with interleukin-2 administration. At 1, 2, 7, and 14 days following TIL delivery, evidence of human TIL persistence in liver, lung, peritoneum, and spleen was evaluated by FACS analysis. Fresh organ suspensions did not contain human TILs. In mice given cyclophosphamide followed by human TILs i.p., the TILs were demonstrated at 7 days in the SCID peritoneum (leu 4 = 4%) and at 2 days in the SCID spleen (leu 4 = 2%). In BNX mice, 12 of 14 fresh human colon adenocarcinomas were propagated successfully at subcutaneous sites with latency periods ranging from 1 to 13 weeks. Enzymatic disaggregation of tumors greater than 1 cm following one passage yielded 6.5-47 x 10(6) cells with viabilities ranging from 13 to 85%. We conclude that limitations and variability exist in the use of BNX and SCID mice for human PBMC reconstitution, TIL persistence, and propagation of human colon adenocarcinomas.
First-order numerical optimization of fission-chamber coatings using natural uranium and thorium (2014)

Presently, fission chamber technology utilizes neutron-sensitive coatings often composed of radioisotopes that are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. Using only natural uranium and thorium, a maximized stable device lifetime in a constant neutron flux can be obtained by optimizing the regenerative fission chamber coating. A system of coupled differential equations was developed by considering neutron-induced fission, neutron absorption, and radioactive decay of 17 radioisotopes spanning the product family tree from <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">232</sup> Th to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Pu. By solving the system of coupled differential equations, the interaction rate of the regenerative fission chamber coating can be found as a function of time (or total fluence) in a constant neutron flux. The Kansas State University (KSU) TRIGA Mark II nuclear reactor was used as a basis to study the effectiveness of mixed fission chamber coatings over time. By varying the initial composition of the fission chamber coating, an optimal composition of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">232</sup> Th and natural uranium is capable of maintaining stable device operation (<;5% deviation from initial response) under a constant neutron flux of 2.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> n cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> up to a total neutron fluence of 7.65 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> n cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , corresponding to over 110 years.
Cyclic voltammetric studies of vanadium in V molecular sieves (1996)

Cyclic voltammetry has been used to characterize the vanadium in vanadium silicalite and vanadium aluminophosphate molecular sieves. Two sets of redox peaks corresponding to two types of vanadium species in the calcined samples, viz. V5+ ions originally present in as-synthesized samples and V5+ ions originating from V4+ species present in the as-synthesized samples, are speculated. In addition to the above, another oxidation peak is also obtained at a higher potential (+0.6 V vs. SCE) which subsequently disappears after a few cycles. Analysis of the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), framework IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) after coulometric reduction shows that the framework vanadium is stable.
Longitudinal development of lung function in extremely preterm infants (2011)

Introduction: With the advent of modern neonatal intensive care, survival after extreme preterm (EP) birth increased considerably. Large cohorts of subjects born EP are now approaching adulthood; their lifelong pulmonary prospects being basically unknown. Aims: To construct spirometric growth curves to early adulthood for subjects born EP. Methods: Two area-based birth-cohorts of subjects born in 1982-85 and 1991-92 at gestational age ≤28 weeks or with birth weight ≤1000 grams (n=81) and individually matched control subjects born at term (n=74) were examined in 2001 and 2009. Paired multiple linear regression models were constructed to assess growth patterns. Results: Most measures of lung function were significantly reduced in subjects born EP over the full study period. Mean growth of FEV1 through puberty was 1.5 liters in both preterm and control subjects, and there was a small but not significant growth from age 18 to 25. 1991-92 cohort 1982-85 cohort Age (years) 10.5 (SD 0.4) 17.8 (SD 0.4) 17.7 (SD 1.2) 24.9 (SD 1.2) FEV1 (l)* EP 1.80 (1.68,1.92) 3.30 (3.10,3.49) 3.30 (3.02,3.58) 3.50 (3.22,3.78) Control 2.14 (2.05,2.24) 3.65 (3.40,3.89) 4.07 (3.81,4.31) 4.10 (3.85,4.35) FVC (l)* EP 2.15 (2.00,2.29) 4.09 (3,80,4.38) 3.93 (3.58,4.30) 4.47 (4.10,4.84) Control 2.44 (2.35,2.54) 4.22 (3.95,4.50) 4.59 (4.30,4.88) 4.92 (4.61,5.24) FEF50 (l/sec)* EP 2.09 (1.89,2.30) 4.06 (3.62,4.49) 3.74 (3.42,4.07) 4.01 (3.60,4.43) Control 2.78 (2.57,3.00) 4.79 (4.27,5.31) 5.22 (4.77,5.66) 5.44 (5.01,5.86) *Mean values (95% CI). Conclusions: Lung function deficits after EP birth persists to adult life. Growth in lung function was parallel in subjects born EP and at term, and no signs of age related decline was observed at age 25.
A unified trajectory tiling approach to high quality TTS and cross-lingual voice transformation (2012)

In human-machine speech communication, it is technically challenging to make the machine talk as naturally as human so as to facilitate “frictionless” interactions, or make a human user to feel the communication is as natural as human-human. We propose a trajectory tiling approach to high quality speech synthesis, where the speech parameter trajectories, extracted from natural, processed, or synthesized speech, are used to guide the search for the best sequence of waveform segment “tiles” stored in a pre-recorded speech database. We test our approach in both TTS and cross-lingual voice transformation applications. Experimental results show that the proposed trajectory tiling approach can render speech which is both natural and highly intelligible. The perceived high quality speech is also confirmed in objective and subjective tests.
An Intronic Sequence Element Mediates Both Activation and Repression of Rat Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Pre-mRNA Splicing (1998)

Alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGF-R2) is an example of highly regulated alternative splicing in which exons IIIb and IIIc are utilized in a mutually exclusive manner in different cell types. The importance of this splicing choice is highlighted by studies which indicate that deregulation of the FGF-R2 splicing is associated with progression of prostate cancer. Loss of expression of a IIIb exon-containing isoform of FGF-R2 [FGF-R2 (IIIb)] accompanies the transition of a well-differentiated, androgen-dependent rat prostate cancer cell line, DT3, to the more aggressive, androgen-independent AT3 cell line. We have used transfection of rat FGF-R2 minigenes into DT3 and AT3 cancer cell lines to study the mechanisms that control alternative splicing of rat FGF-R2. Our results support a model in which an important cis-acting element located in the intron between these alternative exons mediates activation of splicing using the upstream IIIb exon and repression of the downstream IIIc exon in DT3 cells. This element consists of 57 nucleotides (nt) beginning 917 nt downstream of the IIIb exon. Analysis of mutants further demonstrates that an 18-nt "core sequence" within this element is most crucial for its function. Based on our observations, we have termed this sequence element ISAR (for intronic splicing activator and repressor), and we suggest that factors which bind this sequence are required for maintenance of expression of the FGF-R2 (IIIb) isoform.
Preparation and characterization of bis‐[1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and their utilization as flame retardants in polypropylene films (2014)

ABSTRACT A series of bis‐[1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and two metal complexes thereof were synthesized and tested as new flame retardants in polypropylene films. It was observed that electron withdrawing triazinyl ring substituent (i.e., Cl and phenyl moieties) improved the thermal stability of diazene compounds, whereas electron donating groups (i.e., methoxy, dimethylamino, and ethylthio moieties) had a destabilizing effect. TGA, DTA/DSC, NMR, and ATR‐FTIR were used for the characterization. Quantum mechanical modeling (Gaussian 09) was also utilized to facilitate the interpretation of the NMR data. Bis‐(4,6‐dichloro‐[1,3,5]triazin‐2‐yl)‐diazene 1 and bis‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐[1,3,5]triazin‐2‐yl)‐diazene 2 were found to be effective flame retardants in polypropylene films and DIN4102‐1 B2 classification was reached already at a loading of 0.5 wt %. Interestingly, the copper complex of 2 showed even higher fire retardant activity than its precursor 2 , whereas the corresponding zinc complex exhibited lower flame retardant efficacy than its precursor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40413.
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit extensive developmental and phenotypic diversity (2015)

Analysis of embryonic fibroblasts from GFP reporter mice indicates that the fibroblast cell type harbors a large collection of developmentally and phenotypically heterogeneous subtypes. Some of these cells exhibit multipotency, whereas others do not. Multiparameter flow cytometry analysis shows that a large number of distinct populations of fibroblast-like cells can be found in cultures initiated from different embryonic organs, and cells sorted according to their surface phenotype typically retain their characteristics on continued propagation in culture. Similarly, surface phenotypes of individual cloned fibroblast-like cells exhibit significant variation. The fibroblast cell class appears to contain a very large number of denumerable subtypes.
Thin Plate Spline Regression Model Used at Early Stages of Soybean Breeding to Control Field Spatial Variation (2015)

Yield variation observed in soybean (Glycine max) progeny-row yield trial (PRYT) is the final result of line genotypic merit, field spatial pattern, and experimental error. The spatial variation in field tests could confound the estimates of genetic merits. The objectives of this research were to: i) quantify non-genetic yield variation in a soybean breeding PRYT, and ii) determine efficiency of the thin plate spline regression (TPSR) model in adjusting yield because of variation caused by field spatial pattern. The third objective was to evaluate if the use of TPSR model could improve the selection accuracy of PRYT un-replicated yield tests. Uniformity study, early generation test, and confirmation study were conducted. Our results indicated that large spatial variations in soybean PRYT field could be present as evaluated by the Uniformity Study conducted with two commercial lines. In this experiment, the use of the TPSR proved to be effective in reducing the error variance and the coefficient of variability, with an improvement in relative efficiency (IRE) of 37.9%. In early generation tests, 2565 lines were evaluated within test-sets along with three checks. The TPSR model also was effective in the early-generation tests; the IRE was 40.4%. The correlation coefficients calculated between yield estimates obtained in two-year early generation tests and confirmation study improved by 0.21 points compared with results from non-TPSR experiments. The results indicated that use of TPSR model was effective in accounting for some of the spatial variation in field tests.