gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimal Structure and Motion Problems for TOA and TDOA Measurements with Collinearity Constraints (2013)

Structure from sound can be phrased as the problem of determining the position of a number of microphones and a number of sound sources given only the recorded sounds. In this paper we study minimal structure from sound problems in both TOA (time of arrival) and TDOA (time difference of arrival) settings with collinear constraints on e.g. the microphone positions. Three such minimal cases are analyzed and solved with efficient and numerically stable techniques. An experimental validation of the solvers are performed on both simulated and real data. In the paper we also show how such solvers can be utilized in a RANSAC framework to perform robust matching of sound features and then used as initial estimates in a robust non-linear leastsquares optimization.
Unsteady wall pressure measurement in an one-and-a-half stage axial transonic compressor during stall inception (2013)

This paper presents the experimental investigation of the stall inception of a state-of-the-art transonic compressor that resembles a typical front stage of a commercial jet engine. The compressor was designed and manufactured in cooperation with Rolls-Royce Deutschland and assembled in the Darmstadt Transonic Compressor test facility at Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany. Utilising the 1.5-stage design it is possible to investigate stall inception for different rotor inflow conditions. The aerodynamic features prior and during stall inception are investigated by means of unsteady pressure probes in the casing above the rotor. All stall inception events have a spike-type stall character. However, in some cases the spikes are preceded by modal-type activities. In addition to the unsteady wall pressure, speed lines are presented. The combination of the data shows a clear effect of measurement position and averaging process on the shapes of the speed lines but did not allow to predict the type of stall inception.
Field Adsorption of Helium on Tungsten (1986)

Using atom-probe spectroscopy we measured the activation energy for desorption and the position of He on W for fields between 3 and 5 V/\AA{}. A tight-binding cluster model with local fields from jellium calculations reproduces the data and gives the image plane as 0.8 \AA{} above the topmost lattice plane. The desorption energy increases by a factor of 20 and the equilibrium position reduces from 3.3 \AA{} in $F=0 \mathrm{to} \ensuremath{\sim}2$ \AA{} in $F&gt;3$ V/\AA{}. This is interpreted as a transition from physisorption to weak field-induced chemisorption.
Increased activation of p38 MAPK in COPD (2007)

Inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which are involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, may activate the p38 subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of the phosphorylated, active form of p38 MAPK (phospho-p38) in the lungs of COPD patients. Surgical specimens were obtained from 18 smokers with COPD at different stages of disease severity, plus nine smoking and eight nonsmoking subjects with normal lung function. Phospho-p38+ cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry in both alveolar spaces and alveolar walls. Moreover, a Western blot analysis of phospho-p38 and total p38alpha isoform expressed by alveolar macrophages was performed. Phospho-p38+ alveolar macrophages and phospho-p38+ cells in alveolar walls were increased in patients with severe and mild/moderate COPD, compared with smoking and nonsmoking controls. Moreover, they were inversely correlated to values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylated p38, but not the total p38alpha isoform, was specifically increased in alveolar macrophages from COPD patients. Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present findings suggest that this protein may be a suitable pharmacological target for therapeutic intervention.
Production of Monomeric Aromatic Compounds from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Lignin by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods (2015)

In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFBF) was pretreated with alkali, and lignin was extracted for further degradation into lower molecular weight phenolic compounds using enzymes and chemical means. Efficiency of monomeric aromatic compounds production from OPEFBF lignin via chemical (nitrobenzene versus oxygen) and enzymatic [cutinase versus manganese peroxidase (MnP)] approaches was investigated. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration (2, 5, and 10% wt.) and reaction time (30, 90, and 180 minutes) on the yield of aromatic compounds were studied. The results obtained indicated that nitrobenzene oxidation produced the highest yield (333.17 ± 49.44 ppm hydroxybenzoic acid, 5.67 ± 0.25 ppm p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 25.57 ± 1.64 ppm vanillic acid, 168.68 ± 23.23 ppm vanillin, 75.44 ± 6.71 ppm syringic acid, 815.26 ± 41.77 ppm syringaldehyde, 15.21 ± 2.19 ppm p-coumaric acid, and 44.75 ± 3.40 ppm ferulic acid), among the tested methods. High sodium hydroxide concentration (10% wt.) was needed to promote efficient nitrobenzene oxidation. However, less severe oxidation condition was preferred to preserve the hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid). Cutinase-catalyzed hydrolysis was found to be more efficient than MnP-catalyzed oxidation in the production of aromatic compounds. By hydrolyzed 8% wt. of lignin with 0.625 mL cutinase g(-1) lignin at pH 8 and 55°C for 24 hours, about 642.83 ± 14.45 ppm hydroxybenzoic acid, 70.19 ± 3.31 ppm syringaldehyde, 22.80 ± 1.04 ppm vanillin, 27.06 ± 1.20 ppm p-coumaric acid, and 50.19 ± 2.23 ppm ferulic acid were produced.
Recommendations for the Use of White Blood Cell Growth Factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update (2015)

Purpose To update the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Update Committee and conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews from October 2005 through September 2014. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence by the Update Committee. Results Changes to previous recommendations include the addition of tbo-filgrastim and filgrastim-sndz, moderation of the recommendation regarding routine use of CSFs in older patients with diffuse aggressive lymphoma, and addition of recommendations against routine dose-dense chemotherapy in lymphoma and in favor of high–dose-intensity chemotherapy in urothelial cancer. The Update Committee did not address recommendations regarding use of CSFs in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes in adults. Recommendations Prophylactic use of CSFs to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia is warranted when the risk of febrile neutropenia is approximately 20% or higher and no other equally effective and safe regimen that does not require CSFs is available. Primary prophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of febrile neutropenia in patients who are at high risk on the basis of age, medical history, disease characteristics, and myelotoxicity of the chemotherapy regimen. Dose-dense regimens that require CSFs should only be used within an appropriately designed clinical trial or if supported by convincing efficacy data. Current recommendations for the management of patients exposed to lethal doses of total-body radiotherapy, but not doses high enough to lead to certain death as a result of injury to other organs, include the prompt administration of CSFs. J Clin Oncol 33:3199-3212. © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Preparation of 3,3-Diaryloxindoles by Superacid-Induced Condensations of Isatins and Aromatics with a Combinatorial Approach (1998)

3,3-Diaryloxidoles are prepared in high yields (62−99%) by reaction of isatin or substituted isatins with aromatics in triflic acid. The reaction shows a significant dependence on acid strength which suggests the formation of diprotonated, superelectrophilic intermediates. Reaction of isatin, benzene, and acid systems of varying strength (composed of CF3SO3H and CF3CO2H) showed that the acid strength must be more acidic than Ho = −11.5 for complete conversion to product. Reaction of isatins with mixtures of aromatics allows for the preparation of libraries of 3,3-diaryloxindole products by combinatorial synthesis.
Preferential load balancing for distributed Internet servers (2002)

We describe a preferential admission control and load balancing algorithm for distributed Internet server clusters. Clients initiate sessions consisting of a series of transactions. The clients may be aware of the various clusters of the distributed server and have preferences as to which cluster should process their session request. The scheme consists of a dispatcher which receives session requests and either admits or rejects those requests. Admitted requests are routed to their preferred cluster when the cluster is not congested. The algorithm also handles the case where a number of clients served have no cluster preference. We describe simulation results which demonstrate that the algorithm provides effective session admission control and load balancing, while maximizing the number of clients preferred by their most preferred cluster.
Molecular and continuum hydrodynamics in graphene nanopores (2013)

An ultrathin graphene membrane is a promising candidate for various applications such as gas separation, water purification, biosensors, etc. In this study, we investigate water transport mechanisms and hydrodynamic properties such as water flux, pressure variation, velocity, viscosity, slip length, etc. Due to the unique water structure, confined in the radial direction and layered in the axial direction of the pore, water viscosity and slip length increase with a decrease in the pore radius, in contrast to water confined in a carbon nanotube. As the diameter of the pore increases, the water transport mechanism transitions from collective diffusion to frictional flow described by the modified Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Graphene membrane is shown to be ultra-efficient by comparing the permeation coefficient of graphene membrane to that of a carbon nanotube and an ultrathin silicon membrane. We envision that the study presented here will help to understand and design various membrane separation processes using graphene membrane.
The impact of the graft-versus-leukemia effect on survival in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2019)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant is a potential curative therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Delineating the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect as a function of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) offers the potential to improve survival. We examined 5215 transplant recipients with ALL reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry. Overall survival (OS) was compared according to the presence and severity of GVHD and evaluated in 3 cohorts: 2593 adults in first or second complete remission (CR1/CR2), 1619 pediatric patients in CR1/CR2, and 1003 patients with advanced (CR ≥3 or active disease) ALL. For patients in CR1/CR2, development of acute GVHD (aGVHD) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was associated with lower risk of relapse than no GVHD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49-0.69). Patients with advanced ALL developing grades III and IV aGVHD or cGVHD were also at lower risk of relapse (HRs varied from 0.52 to 0.67). Importantly, adult and children in CR1/CR2 with grades I and II aGVHD without cGVHD experienced the best OS compared with no GVHD (reduction of mortality with HR, 0.83-0.76). Increased nonrelapse mortality accompanied grades III and IV aGVHD (HRs varied from 2.69 to 3.91) in all 3 cohorts and abrogated any protection from relapse, resulting in inferior OS. Patients with advanced ALL had better OS (reduction in mortality; HR, 0.69-0.73) when they developed cGVHD with or without grades I and II aGVHD. In conclusion, GVHD was associated with an increased GVL effect in ALL. GVL exerted a net beneficial effect on OS only if associated with low-grade aGVHD in CR1/CR2 or with cGVHD in advanced ALL.
Spin Coating and Characterization of Thin High-Density Polyethylene Films (2001)

The properties of thin films (0.03−2 μm) of high-density polyethylene spin-coated at elevated temperatures (100−180 °C) onto silicon wafers and evaporated gold films were investigated. The coatings were characterized with respect to thickness (ellipsometry, QCM), chemical composition (ESCA, TOF-SIMS), and morphology (optical microscopy, AFM). Initial deposition temperature was found to be an important process parameter that affected the crystal morphology, uniformity, and thickness of the films. The nucleation and the crystal growth were found to depend on both the substrate type and surface properties, especially at low supercooling. Below a film thickness of 0.1 μm, the morphology was composed of aggregates of edge-on oriented lamellae instead of the flattened spherulitic structure observed in thicker films. This thickness dependence of the morphology ceased when the spin-coating was performed at the lowest process temperature, since crystallization probably occurred in the presence of solvent, rather than via a polymer melt, which promoted spherulitic growth. Low process temperatures also gave more uniform films and suppressed the formation of surface striations owing to lower solvent evaporation rate.
Does immortalization of primary endothelial cells by overexpression of human telomere‐reverse transcriptase impair typical endothelial characteristics? (2009)

To study endothelial remodelling or regeneration in vitro mostly primary endothelial cells (EC) are used. However, primary EC are short living and often high priced. It would be desirable to use immortalized EC that are not transformed by oncogenes and display most EC‐characteristics of naïve EC. Therefore, we have used human telomere‐reverse transcriptase (hTERT)‐transduced primary human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC). Thus, we studied both HUVEC cell types. Comparative analysis included: 1) cell adhesion to 14 different extracellular matrix proteins analysed on a multisubstrate array (MSA), 2) protein‐expression of 9 endothelial and non‐endothelial markers by fluorescence‐microscopy (IF) and western blot‐analysis 3) uptake of Dil‐Ac‐LDL as revealed by IF and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)‐analysis, 4) upregulation of ICAM‐1 after TNFa / interferon y‐treatment, 5) tube formation in hydrogel cultures, and 6) permeability properties. We conclude that immortalization of primary EC by hTERT retains the typical endothelial characteristics. Thus, hTERT‐EC represent a valuable tool for in vitro research. Supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) #01GU0727. Cells kindly provided by Dr. C. Fricke.
South Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2021)

Abstract The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is widely predicted to transform what have been manual-labour-dominated sectors in the production of goods and offering of services while driving wages down. South Africa is largely no exception, although we also note some unevenness and contradictory trends in this chapter. 4IR also presents numerous opportunities for the South African government, businesses, and consumers in terms of economic growth, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. We conduct a review of recent trends in the 4IR worldwide and focus on such trends in South Africa through wages, key sectors, corporate sentiment, as well as government expenditure in research and development. There is indication that the country has a mismatch in the skills being produced and those required by the 4IR, while its GERD is substantially below the global average for 4IR leadership and equitable participation. 4IR Commission recommendations propose reforms, but over them looms the slow rate of implementation due to past poor execution of other plans in the digital and communications spheres.
Increasing the value of marine coproducts and territories: territorial issues (2011)

Premiere version recue, septembre 2009 ; version finale, juin 2010 Auteur correspondant Cette note de recherche est issue du travail pluridisciplinaire engage dans le projet GESTIONDURABLE, cofinance avec l’appui du programme PSDR Grand-Ouest (Pour et Sur le Developpement Regional ; http://www.psdrgo.org/psdrgo/). Les 4 regions representant le Grand-Ouest sont la Basse-Normandie, la Bretagne, les Pays-de-Loire, le Poitou-Charentes. Dans cette note, le concept de coproduit se distingue de celui de sous-produit, terme generique designant la matiere premiere du poisson non destinee a la consommation humaine. Le sous-produit devient un coproduit s’il y a valorisation biotechnologique, dans le cas contraire c’est un dechet
Experimental Investigation of Solar Panel Cooling by a Novel Micro Heat Pipe Array (2010)

A novel micro heat pipe array was used in solar panel cooling. Both of air-cooling and water-cooling conditions under nature convection condition were investigated in this paper. Compared with the ordinary solar panel, the maximum difference of the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 2.6%, the temperature reduces maximally by 4.7℃, the output power increases maximally by 8.4% for the solar panel with heat pipe using air-cooling, when the daily radiation value is 26.3 MJ. Compared with the solar panel with heat pipe using air-cooling, the maximum difference of the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 3%, the temperature reduces maximally by 8℃, the output power increases maximally by 13.9% for the solar panel with heat pipe using water-cooling, when the daily radiation value is 21.9 MJ.
Gold nanoparticle-enhanced near infrared fluorescent nanocomposites for targeted bio-imaging (2014)

Folic acid-conjugated nanocomposites with NIR fluorescence, water-solubility, and low toxicity are prepared and used as target-imaging agents for cancer cells.
Assessing Genetically Modified Crops to Minimize the Risk of Increased Food Allergy: A Review (2005)

The first genetically modified (GM) crops approved for food use (tomato and soybean) were evaluated for safety by the United States Food and Drug Administration prior to commercial production. Among other factors, those products and all additional GM crops that have been grown commercially have been evaluated for potential increases in allergenic properties using methods that are consistent with the current understanding of food allergens and knowledge regarding the prediction of allergenic activity. Although there have been refinements, the key aspects of the evaluation have not changed. The allergenic properties of the gene donor and the host (recipient) organisms are considered in determining the appropriate testing strategy. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein is compared to all known allergens to determine whether the protein is a known allergen or is sufficiently similar to any known allergen to indicate an increased probability of allergic cross-reactivity. Stability of the protein in the presence of acid with the stomach protease pepsin is tested as a risk factor for food allergenicity. In vitro or in vivo human IgE binding are tested when appropriate, if the gene donor is an allergen or the sequence of the protein is similar to an allergen. Serum donors and skin test subjects are selected based on their proven allergic responses to the gene donor or to material containing the allergen that was matched in sequence. While some scientists and regulators have suggested using animal models, performing broadly targeted serum IgE testing or extensive pre- or post-market clinical tests, current evidence does not support these tests as being predictive or practical. Based on the evidence to date, the current assessment process has worked well to prevent the unintended introduction of allergens in commercial GM crops.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ENAMINO KETONES; IV. APPLICATIONS OF 3‐(O‐NITROANILINO)‐2‐CYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF QUINOXALINE MONOXIDES (1981)

Abstract Die aus Cyclohexan‐1 ,3‐ dionen (I) und o‐Nitroanilinen (II) zugänglichen Enaminoketone (III) bilden unter der Einwirkung von gepulvertem Natriumhydroxid in tert.‐Butanol Chinoxalin‐monoxide (IV).
DSP acceleration using a reconfigurable FPGA (2003)

Programmable logic offers an alternative solution for the computationally-intensive functions found in digital signal processing (DSP). Programmable logic can provide increased DSP system performance at reduced system cost. Programmable logic combines the flexibility of a general purpose DSP plus the speed, density, and low cost of an ASIC implementation. In some applications, programmable logic replaces the DSP processor entirely. In others, programmable logic works in conjunction with the DSP processor, offloading the computationally-intensive function and freeing the processor for other functions. This paper describes an alternative to traditional, general-purpose DSP processors. Programmable logic can implement functions beyond the capabilities of today's DSP processors. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) potentially provide performance increases of an order of magnitude over traditional DSPs with the same flexibility.
Deformation Characteristics of Solder Joints (2003)

A novel experimental configuration is devised to measure the evolution of the deformation field and the corresponding toughness in solder joints for microelectronic packaging. The material system utilized comprised ductile layer of Tin based solder, encapsulated within relatively hard copper shoulders. The experimental configuration provides pure shear state within the constrained solder layer. Different Pb/Sn compositions are tested with grain size approaching the film thickness. The in-plan strain distribution within the joint thickness is measured by a microscopic digital image correlation system. The toughness evolution within such highly gradient deformation field is monitored qualitatively through a 2D surface scan with a nano-indentor. The measurements showed a highly inhomogeneous deformation field within the film with discreet shear bands of concentrated strain. The localized shear bands showed long-range correlations of the order of 2–3 grain diameter. A size-dependent macroscopic response on the layer thickness is observed. However, the corresponding film thickness is approximately 100–1000 times larger than those predicted by non-local continuum theories and discreet dislocation.
Offline Reinforcement Learning for Visual Navigation (2022)

Reinforcement learning can enable robots to navigate to distant goals while optimizing user-specified reward functions, including preferences for following lanes, staying on paved paths, or avoiding freshly mowed grass. However, online learning from trial-and-error for real-world robots is logistically challenging, and methods that instead can utilize existing datasets of robotic navigation data could be significantly more scalable and enable broader generalization. In this paper, we present ReViND, the first offline RL system for robotic navigation that can leverage previously collected data to optimize user-specified reward functions in the real-world. We evaluate our system for off-road navigation without any additional data collection or fine-tuning, and show that it can navigate to distant goals using only offline training from this dataset, and exhibit behaviors that qualitatively differ based on the user-specified reward function.