gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
913 Prototype of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) manipulator for automatic controlling of focusing probe (2012)

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has been becoming a major therapy which is used representing for uterine fibroid treatment. We have been developed HIFU system as well and its feature is that the position of focusing probe can be hand-operated by an operator flexibly so that a focus can be burned effectively. However, accuracy is not stable because of operator's hand control and their tiredness. To solve this problem, we developed HIFU probe manipurator which is able to control focusing probe automatically. The degree of freedom is 5 and is controlled by position and image feedback from navigation system. In this paper, we designed the manipurator and evaluated the basic motion of its specifications. As the suture works, the algorithm of the navigation feedback would be constructed and verify its effectiveness through the animal experiment.
How to Find More Supernovae with Less Work: Object Classification Techniques for Difference Imaging (2007)

We present the results of applying new object classification techniques to difference images in the context of the Nearby Supernova Factory supernova search. Most current supernova searches subtract reference images from new images, identify objects in these difference images, and apply simple threshold cuts on parameters such as statistical significance, shape, and motion to reject objects such as cosmic rays, asteroids, and subtraction artifacts. Although most static objects subtract cleanly, even a very low false positive detection rate can lead to hundreds of non-supernova candidates which must be vetted by human inspection before triggering additional followup. In comparison to simple threshold cuts, more sophisticated methods such as Boosted Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machines provide dramatically better object discrimination. At the Nearby Supernova Factory, we reduced the number of non-supernova candidates by a factor of 10 while increasing our supernova identification efficiency. Methods such as these will be crucial for maintaining a reasonable false positive rate in the automated transient alert pipelines of upcoming projects such as PanSTARRS and LSST.
Recognizing Plankton Images From the Shadow Image Particle Profiling Evaluation Recorder (2004)

We present a system to recognize underwater plankton images from the shadow image particle profiling evaluation recorder (SIPPER). The challenge of the SIPPER image set is that many images do not have clear contours. To address that, shape features that do not heavily depend on contour information were developed. A soft margin support vector machine (SVM) was used as the classifier. We developed a way to assign probability after multiclass SVM classification. Our approach achieved approximately 90% accuracy on a collection of plankton images. On another larger image set containing manually unidentifiable particles, it also provided 75.6% overall accuracy. The proposed approach was statistically significantly more accurate on the two data sets than a C4.5 decision tree and a cascade correlation neural network. The single SVM significantly outperformed ensembles of decision trees created by bagging and random forests on the smaller data set and was slightly better on the other data set. The 15-feature subset produced by our feature selection approach provided slightly better accuracy than using all 29 features. Our probability model gave us a reasonable rejection curve on the larger data set.
Turbo-EEPRML: An EEPR4 channel with an error-correcting post-processor designed for 16/17 rate quasi-MTR code (2002)

An EEPRML channel with a post processor has been developed for compensating for the degradation in performance due to noise correlation. This Turbo-EEPRML is designed for 16/17 rate quasi-MTR (QMTR) code. The proposed method has high performance and simple circuitry. Simulation showed that Turbo-EEPRML has a 2.0-2.5 dB coding gain over a conventional EPRML channel for 16/17 GCR code.
User-centered design and evaluation of virtual environments (1999)

We present a structured, iterative methodology for user-centered design and evaluation of VE user interaction. We recommend performing (1) user task analysis followed by (2) expert guidelines-based evaluation, (3) formative user-centered evaluation, and finally (4) comparative evaluation. In this article we first give the motivation and background for our methodology, then we describe each technique in some detail. We applied these techniques to a real-world battlefield visualization VE. Finally, we evaluate why this approach provides a cost-effective strategy for assessing and iteratively improving user interaction in VEs.
Algorithm for multichannel LMS adaptive filtering (1985)

A modification of the LMS algorithm is presented in which the coefficients of an array of FIR filters, whose outputs are linearly coupled to an array of sensors, are adapted to minimise the mean-square sum of the error signals from these sensors. The application of the algorithm to the control of distributed parameter systems is discussed.
Sox6is a candidate gene forp100Hmyopathy, heart block, and sudden neonatal death (2000)

The mouse p locus encodes a gene that functions in normal pigmentation. We have characterized a radiation-induced mutant allele of the mouse p locus that is associated with a failure-to-thrive syndrome, in addition to diminished pigmentation. Mice homozygous for this mutant allele, p(100H), show delayed growth and die within 2 wk after birth. We have discovered that the mutant mice develop progressive atrioventricular heart block and significant ultrastructural changes in both cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. These observations are common characteristics described in human myopathies. The karyotype of p(100H) chromosomes indicated that the mutation is associated with a chromosome 7 inversion. We demonstrate here that the p(100H) chromosomal inversion disrupts both the p gene and the Sox6 gene. Normal Sox6 gene expression has been examined by Northern blot analysis and was found most abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle in adult mouse tissues, suggesting an involvement of Sox6 in muscle maintenance. The p(100H) mutant is thus a useful animal model in the elucidation of myopathies at the molecular level.
Electron transfer reactions. A reinvestigation of the chlorination of 1-methyl-2-phenylindole with N-chlorobenzotriazole. The role of oxygen and oxygenated solvent (1991)

1-Methyl-2-phenylindole (1, MPI-H) reacts with N-chlorobenzotriazole (2, BT-Cl) to form the corresponding radical cation (MPI-H)˙+ which itself, or via the indolyl radical (MPI)˙+, formed by deprotonation of MPI-H˙+, reacts with oxygen or a nucleophilic solvent leading to indoxyls 4–7. Cyclic voltammetric studies, as well as the oxidation of MPI-H with BT-Cl carried out in the EPR cavity, show that the radical cation MPI-H˙+ dimerizes to give 3,3′-(MPI)28 which is transformed into the corresponding radical cation 3,3′-(MPI)2˙+ in the reaction medium. The identity of this radical cation has been confirmed by oxidizing 3,3′-(MPI)2 directly. The formation of the radical cations MPI-H˙+ and 3,3′-(MPI)2˙+ has been monitored by UV–VIS spectroscopy and their decay rate constants measured.
Meta-analysis of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgery (2001)

Asymptomatic DVT may be regarded as a reliable surrogate endpoint for clinical outcome in studies investigating thromboprophylaxis in general surgery. LMWH seems to be as effective and safe as UFH. Determination of the optimal dose regimen of LMWH for this indication requires further investigation.
Throughput-based and power-based load control in HSUPA (2005)

This paper studies the load control strategies in high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), which will be included in Release 6 of 3GPP WCDMA. We compare the performance of throughput-based and power-based load control approaches in HSUPA with different soft handover window sizes and scheduling schemes. It is concluded that power-based load control outperforms throughput-based power control for the same noise rise overshoot requirement.
Diffusion of a solute in dilute solution in a supercritical fluid (1991)

Abstract The experimental evidence for the behaviour of the binary diffusion coefficient for a solute in dilute solution in a supercritical fluid (a fluid above its critical temperature and pressure) is reviewed. Measurements at very low dilution, particularly by the Taylor dispersion technique, indicate that, at constant temperature a few degrees above the critical temperature, the product of density and the diffusion coefficient exhibits a small, continuous and undramatic variation from zero density to well above the critical density. However, some measurements made at higher, but still very low concentrations (e.g. with mole fractions around 10-3), show a lowering of the coefficient in the critical region. The equations, based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, are put into a form in which the behaviour of the binary diffusion coefficient in the critical region, but not very close to the critical point, may be examined using an equation of state. Calculations for naphthalene in solution in carbon dioxide are carried out using the van der Waals equation of state for mixtures to indicate the form and order of magnitude of the ‘anomalous’ lowering of the coefficient, and especially its dependence on concentration. These indicate a substantial effect even at naphthalene mole fractions of 4.0 x 10-4 or less and a temperatures 1, 3 and 9 K above the critical temperature of the pure solvent. In addition the flux of a solute in a supercritical fluid in the critical region with respect to space or cell-fixed coordinates is discussed. Because of the large and negative partial molar volumes of solutes like naphthalene in this region, the frames of reference, according to which the diffusion coefficients are defined, can be caused to move rapidly, commonly towards the source of concentration. Thus fluxes of solute with respect to space-fixed coordinates are further substantially reduced in the critical region. The combination of the lowering of the diffusion coefficient and barycentric motion can therefore cause a very significant reduction of solute mass transfer in the critical region and may be the explanation of the sometimes very large diffusion anomalies observed experimentally.
A stable dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser with a tunable wavelength spacing based on a chirped phase-shifted grating filter (2011)

A stable dual-wavelength with a tunable wavelength spacing fiber laser based on a chirped two phase-shifted grating filter is demonstrated. In the ring cavity, a chirped grating with two &#960;-phase shifts servers as an ultra-narrow dualwavelength transmission band filter. The grating is attached in a triangular cantilever for chirp rate tuning. A semiconductor optical amplifier biased in low-gain regime is induced to reduce the gain competition of the two wavelengths caused by erbium-doped fiber. And a feedback fiber loop working as a mode filter guarantees the laser in a single-longitudinal-mode operation. Two lasing lines with different wavelength spacing from approximately 0.15 to 0.37 nm are experimentally demonstrated.
Performance Improvements of a Tritiated Water Recovery System (2005)

Tritium processing equipment is installed inside gloveboxes. Leaks of tritium, normal and accidental, are captured by a tritium stripping system using an oxidation-absorption process. Tritium is captured as tritiated water in zeolite beds and is recovered by desorption and reduction. The regenerated zeolite beds are reused. Reduction of the tritiated water is accomplished by a zeolite bed recovery system using hot magnesium beds. The system has been in operation for about 10 years and met original design requirements. Recent expansion of the facility requires a higher capacity of the system. Operation data are collected and analyzed. Ways to increase the system capacity are discussed.
Optimization of a Ceramic Circuit Board Clamp (2012)

This paper documents the design optimization of a board-mounting system for securing a ceramic or other heavy circuit board to the electronics chassis in a wireline logging tool. A clamp fixes the extreme lower end of the circuit board to the chassis while allowing the board and chassis to undergo differential thermal expansion above that fixed point, through the use of sliding board mounts. After developing equations that describe the stress, deflection, and thermal expansion of the clamp/board assembly, they are used to select the geometry and material options available in the design. Results of a parametric study are presented that demonstrate how material selection determines whether the clamping pressure on the circuit board improves or degrades at elevated temperature, and how the geometries of the clamp components affect the magnitudes of the forces, deflections, and setting torque of the clamp.
The Electrocardiographic Method for Positioning the Tip of Central Venous Catheters (2011)

Tip position of a central venous access is of paramount importance and should be verified before starting infusion. Intra-procedural methods for verifying the location of the tip are to be preferred, since they avoid the risks, delays and costs of repositioning the tip. Among the intra-procedural methods, the electrocardiography (EKG) method has many advantages since it is as accurate as fluoroscopy, but simpler, more readily available, less expensive, safer and more cost-effective. The only contraindication to utilizing the EKG method is the difficulty in identifying the standard P-wave on a surface EKG (this happens - usually because of severe arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation - in only approximately 7% of cases: although such patients are easily identified before the procedure, and are referred to other methods for tip positioning). When dealing with the insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), the EKG method (using the column of saline technique) virtually has no risk of false positives. The EKG method removes the need for the post-procedural chest x-ray, as long as there is no expected risk of pleuropulmonary damage to be ruled out (example: ultrasound guided central venipuncture for central venous catheter insertion or any kind of PICC insertion). In conclusion, evidence is mounting that the EKG method may be a valid and cost-effective alternative to the standard radiological control of the location of the tip of any central venous access device (VAD), and that will rapidly become the preferential method for confirming the tip position during PICC insertion.
Affinity labeling of a glutamyl peptide in the coenzyme binding site of NADP+-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium by 2-[(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio]-1,N6-ethenoadenosine 2′,5′-bisphosphate (1989)

NADP+-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Salmonella typhimurium, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, has been purified to homogeneity. The nucleotide sequence of S. typhimurium gdhA was determined and the amino acid sequence derived. The nucleotide analogue 2-[(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio]-1,N6-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate (2-BDB-T epsilon A-2',5'-DP) reacts irreversibly with the enzyme to yield a partially inactive enzyme. After about 60% loss of activity, no further inactivation is observed. The rate of inactivation exhibits a nonlinear dependence on 2-BDB-T epsilon A-2',5'-DP concentration with kmax = 0.160 min-1 and KI = 300 microM. Reaction of 200 microM 2-BDB-T epsilon A-2',5'-DP with glutamate dehydrogenase for 120 min results in the incorporation of 0.94 mol of reagent/mol of enzyme subunit. The coenzymes, NADPH and NADP+, completely protect the enzyme against inactivation by the reagent and decrease the reagent incorporation from 0.94 to 0.5 mol of reagent/mol enzyme subunit, while the substrate alpha-ketoglutarate offers only partial protection. These results indicate that 2-BDB-T epsilon A-2',5'-DP functions as an affinity label of the coenzyme binding site and that specific reaction occurs at only about 0.5 sites/enzyme subunit or 3 sites/hexamer. Glutamate dehydrogenase modified with 200 microM 2-BDB-T epsilon A-2',5'-DP in the absence and presence of coenzyme was reduced with NaB3H4, carboxymethylated, and digested with trypsin. Labeled peptides were purified by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by gas phase sequencing. Two peptides modified by the reagent were isolated and identified as follows: Phe-Cys(CM)-Gln-Ala-Leu-Met-Thr-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Arg and Leu-Cys(CM)-Glu-Ile-Lys. These two peptides were located within the derived amino acid sequence as residues 146-156 and 282-286. In the presence of NADPH, which completely prevents inactivation, only peptide 146-156 was labeled. This result indicates that modification of the pentapeptide causes loss of activity. Glutamate 284 in this peptide is the probable reaction target and is located within the coenzyme binding site.
Analysis of trapping and streaming in an ultrasoundactuated multi-well microplate for single-cell studies (2012)

The dynamics of the acoustic streaming and the acoustic positioning performance in an ultrasound-actuated multiwell microplate are investigated by two different ultrasonic frequency actuation schemes: Frequency-modulation and single- frequency actuation. Our results show a significant decrease in size of the field of view when using frequencymodulation compared to single-frequency actuation, which can be used for improving the scanning time for 3D highresolution confocal microscopy by almost one order of magnitude. Furthermore, in the ultrasound-actuated multi-well microplate the high-voltage acoustic streaming show a complex time and temperature dependence and could gain stability by the use of temperature control.
System Environmental Metrics Collector for EM facilities (2021)

Abstract Recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) have led to the routine determination of structures at near atomic resolution and greatly increased the number of biomedical researchers wanting access to high-end cryoEM instrumentation. The high costs and long wait times for gaining access encourages facilities to maximize instrument uptime for data collection. To support these goals, we developed a System Environmental Metrics Collector for facilities ( SEMCf ) that serves as a laboratory performance and management tool. SEMCf consists of an architecture of automated and robust sensors that track, organize and report key facility metrics. The individual sensors are connected to Raspberry Pi (RPi) single board computers installed in close proximity to the input metrics being measured. The system is controlled by a central server that may be installed on a RPi or existing microscope support PC. Tracking the system and the environment provides feedback of imminent issues, suggestions for interventions that are needed to optimize data production, and indications as to when preventative maintenance should be scheduled. The sensor components are relatively inexpensive and widely commercially available, and the open-source design and software enables straightforward implementation, customization, and optimization by any facility that would benefit from real time environmental monitoring and reporting.
A20 Inhibits NF-κB Activation in Endothelial Cells Without Sensitizing to Tumor Necrosis Factor–Mediated Apoptosis (1998)

Expression of the NF-κB–dependent gene A20 in endothelial cells (EC) inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–mediated apoptosis in the presence of cycloheximide and acts upstream of IκBα degradation to block activation of NF-κB. Although inhibition of NF-κB by IκBα renders cells susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis, we show that when A20 and IκBα are coexpressed, the effect of A20 predominates in that EC are rescued from TNF-mediated apoptosis. These findings place A20 in the category of “protective” genes that are induced in response to inflammatory stimuli to protect EC from unfettered activation and from undergoing apoptosis even when NF-κB is blocked. From a therapeutic perspective, genetic engineering of EC to express an NF-κB inhibitor such as A20 offers the mean of achieving an anti-inflammatory effect without sensitizing the cells to TNF-mediated apoptosis.
Putting a damper on drilling's bad vibrations (1994)

Harmful drilling vibrations are costing the industry dearly. Three main vibration types (axial, torsional and transverse) are explained and its causes discussed. Technology exists to eliminate most vibrations, but requires more systematic deployment than is usual. Hardware that eliminates vibrations is reviewed, including downhole shock measurement, torque feedback shock guards and antiwhirl bits. 9 figs., 11 refs.
Fibrosis-induced reduction of endomyocardium in the rat after isoproterenol treatment. (1989)

Isoproterenol treatment leads to endomyocardial fibrosis with muscle fibers encircled by fibrillar collagen. This study was undertaken in the rat to determine if muscle encased in collagen would subsequently become either necrotic or atrophic. For this purpose, we monitored the fibrillar nature of myocardial collagen, its alignment with muscle, and the morphology of the endomyocardium, together with the response in diastolic and systolic myocardial stiffness, immediately on completion (10 days) and 30 days after a course of subcutaneous isoproterenol (500 micrograms/kg/day). We found 1) left ventricular hypertrophy at 10 and 30 days with an increase in collagen volume fraction (p less than 0.01) that consisted of a meshwork of thick and thin collagen fibers that encircled endomyocardial muscle, 2) a variable reduction in endocardial muscle fiber diameter at 30 days with the greatest thinning seen in muscle encircled by fibrous tissue, and 3) an elevation (p less than 0.01) in the slope of the diastolic stress-strain relation at 10 and 30 days. The developed systolic stress-strain relation, which was elevated at 10 days (p less than 0.01), declined (p less than 0.05) with the reduction in endomyocardial muscle mass. Thus, endomyocardial muscle, encircled by fibrillar collagen, will atrophy over time, and this leads to a reduction in active stiffness. These findings may, in part, explain why progressive ventricular dysfunction accompanies chronic myocardial disease with endomyocardial fibrosis.
New and improved BIST diagnosis methods from combinatorial Group testing theory (2006)

We examine the general problem of built-in-self-test (BIST) diagnosis in digital logic systems. The BIST diagnosis problem has applications that include identification of erroneous test vectors, faulty scan cells, and faulty items. We develop an abstract model of this problem and show a fundamental correspondence to the well-established subject of combinatorial group testing (CGT) (D. Du and F. K. Hwang, Combinatorial Group Testing and Its Applications, 1994). We exploit this new perspective to 1) link existing BIST diagnosis techniques to CGT techniques and provide further insights into existing diagnosis algorithms, 2) improve the performance of diagnosis algorithms, and 3) develop new techniques to address the BIST diagnosis problem. Using the ISCAS'89 benchmarks, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques over existing BIST diagnosis techniques. The vastness of the CGT literature suggests that further improvements from existing research in CGT may be obtained.
The Instability of Response Sets (1985)

Researchers who use surveys and long psychological instruments assume that response sets are constant over time. Data from three studies are presented that challenge this assumption. Questionnaires of different response formats, subjects, and topics were used. Correlations of the response sets across adjacent time periods formed a simplex, suggesting that the response sets across adjacent time periods were more similar than the response sets across distant time periods. The implications of the instability of response sets for the interpretation of social science findings obtained with long instruments are explored.