gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A National Crisis or Localized Problems? Getting Perspective on the Scope and Scale of the Teacher Shortage (2003)

Despite the considerable attention the popular press has devoted to the question of teacher shortages, there have been surprisingly few attempts to systematically measure the size and nature of the problem. This article attempts to estimate the size and nature of the celebrated teacher shortage of the late 1990s by using data from the U.S. Department of Education’s 1999-00 School and Staffing Survey. While limitations of the SASS data do not allow us to directly estimate the absolute size of the shortage, they do allow us investigate its relative impact. An examination of the data shows that the problem was distributed unevenly: urban schools and those with relatively high populations of minority and low-income students bore the brunt of the shortage; southern and western states had more problems filling teaching slots than other regions did. These findings suggest that state and local officials should keep distributional concerns in mind when they design policies to improve teacher recruitment and retention.
A MODIFICATION OF THE NASOLABIAL FLAP FOR LOWER EYELID DEFECT IN PREVENTING ECTROPION (2005)

Cheong, Ee Cherk M.R.C.S.; Ong, Wei Chen M.R.C.S.; Lim, Jane F.R.C.S.; Lim, Thiam Chye F.R.C.S. Author Information
STEP: Learning N:M Structured Sparsity Masks from Scratch with Precondition (2023)

Recent innovations on hardware (e.g. Nvidia A100) have motivated learning N:M structured sparsity masks from scratch for fast model inference. However, state-of-the-art learning recipes in this regime (e.g. SR-STE) are proposed for non-adaptive optimizers like momentum SGD, while incurring non-trivial accuracy drop for Adam-trained models like attention-based LLMs. In this paper, we first demonstrate such gap origins from poorly estimated second moment (i.e. variance) in Adam states given by the masked weights. We conjecture that learning N:M masks with Adam should take the critical regime of variance estimation into account. In light of this, we propose STEP, an Adam-aware recipe that learns N:M masks with two phases: first, STEP calculates a reliable variance estimate (precondition phase) and subsequently, the variance remains fixed and is used as a precondition to learn N:M masks (mask-learning phase). STEP automatically identifies the switching point of two phases by dynamically sampling variance changes over the training trajectory and testing the sample concentration. Empirically, we evaluate STEP and other baselines such as ASP and SR-STE on multiple tasks including CIFAR classification, machine translation and LLM fine-tuning (BERT-Base, GPT-2). We show STEP mitigates the accuracy drop of baseline recipes and is robust to aggressive structured sparsity ratios.
Description of Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected from Yilan, Taiwan, with some notes on A. xylocopae Kanzaki, 2006 (2021)

Summary Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. is described and illustrated. This new species was isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected at Fushan, Yilan county, Taiwan. Typologically, the new species is characterised by a three-lined lateral field, conical female tail with various and not pointed termini, male spicule with well-developed and slightly dorsally truncate condylus, blunt triangular-shaped rostrum and unevenly ventrally curved dorsal contour of the spicule blade (calomus-lamina complex). The combination of typological characters of the new species is unique. Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. shares the three-lined lateral field and female tail shape with ‘ A. helicus ’, which was previously transferred to Robustodorus from Aphelenchoides , but can be differentiated from that species by its longer and more slender female tail, narrower female tail tip, and longer female stylet. In addition, the spicule morphology of A. roulingae n. sp. is unique and not similar to that of any other Aphelenchoides species. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with the other Xylocopa bee-associated species, A. xylocopae , but can be typologically and molecularly distinguished from the species. In addition to the taxonomic description, some typological characters of the genus Aphelenchoides are discussed.
1F-6 Transiently Increased Endothelial Layer Permeability by Ultrasound-activated Microbubbles (2006)

To enhance drug delivery to the extravascular tissue, a controlled, temporal and local increase in endothelial permeability is needed. Although recent studies have established that the permeability of single-cell membranes is increased by ultrasound in combination with contrast agents, it is not known whether this combination can also increase the permeability of an endothelial layer. To investigate endothelial layer permeability, we treated layers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with ultrasound and the contrast agent BR14. Endothelial layer permeability was assessed by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability for fluorescein. Ultrasound in combination with BR14 significantly decreased TEER to 68.0 plusmn 3.1 % of initial values and temporally increased endothelial permeability for fluorescein by 38.1 plusmn 16.4 %. After treatment, no cell loss or damage was observed. In conclusion, ultrasound-activated BR14 microbubbles transiently increased the endothelial layer permeability. This feature may be used for future ultrasound-guided drug delivery systems
Interleaved PC-OFDM to Reduce Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (2005)

Parallel combinatory orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PC-OFDM) yields lower maximum peak-to-average power ratio (PAR), higher bandwidth efficiency and lower bit error rate (BER) on Gaussian channels compared to OFDM systems. However, PC-OFDM does not improve the statistics of PAR significantly. In this chapter, the use of a set of fixed permutations to improve the statistics of the PAR of a PC-OFDM signal is presented. For this technique, interleavers are used to produce K −1 permuted sequences from the same information sequence. The sequence with the lowest PAR, among K sequences, is chosen for the transmission. The PAR of a PC-OFDM signal can be further reduced by 3–4 dB by this technique. Mathematical expressions for the complementary cumulative density function (CCDF) of PAR of PC-OFDM signal and interleaved PC-OFDM signal are also presented.
Amplicon-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Method for Genotypic Characterization of Norovirus in Oysters (2023)

Norovirus is a highly diverse RNA virus often implicated in foodborne outbreaks, particularly those associated with shellfish. Shellfish are filter feeders, and when harvested in bays exposed to wastewater overflow or storm overflows, they can harbor various pathogens, including human-pathogenic viruses. The application of Sanger or amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies to identify human pathogens in shellfish faces two main challenges: (i) distinguishing multiple genotypes/variants in a single sample and (ii) low concentrations of norovirus RNA. Here, we assessed the performance of a novel norovirus capsid amplicon HTS method. We generated a panel of spiked oysters containing various norovirus concentrations with different genotypic compositions. Several DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases (RTs) were compared, and performance was evaluated based on (i) the number of reads passing quality filters per sample, (ii) the number of correct genotypes identified, and (iii) the sequence identity of outputs compared to Sanger-derived sequences. A combination of the reverse transcriptase LunaScript and the DNA polymerase AmpliTaq Gold provided the best results. The method was then employed, and compared with Sanger sequencing, to characterize norovirus populations in naturally contaminated oysters. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> While foodborne outbreaks account for approximately 14% of norovirus cases (L. Verhoef, J. Hewitt, L. Barclay, S. Ahmed, R. Lake, A. J. Hall, B. Lopman, A. Kroneman, H. Vennema, J. Vinjé, and M. Koopmans, Emerg Infect Dis 21:592-599, 2015), we do not have standardized high-throughput sequencing methods for genotypic characterization in foodstuffs. Here, we present an optimized amplicon high-throughput sequencing method for the genotypic characterization of norovirus in oysters. This method can accurately detect and characterize norovirus at concentrations found in oysters grown in production areas impacted by human wastewater discharges. It will permit the investigation of norovirus genetic diversity in complex matrices and contribute to ongoing surveillance of norovirus in the environment.
Ribavirin Protects Syrian Hamsters against Lethal Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome — After Intranasal Exposure to Andes Virus (2013)

Andes virus, ANDV, harbored by wild rodents, causes the highly lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) upon transmission to humans resulting in death in 30% to 50% of the cases. As there is no treatment for this disease, we systematically tested the efficacy of ribavirin in vitro and in an animal model. In vitro assays confirmed antiviral activity and determined that the most effective doses were 40 µg/mL and above. We tested three different concentrations of ribavirin for their capability to prevent HPS in the ANDV hamster model following an intranasal challenge. While the highest level of ribavirin (200 mg/kg) was toxic to the hamster, both the middle (100 mg/kg) and the lowest concentration (50 mg/kg) prevented HPS in hamsters without toxicity. Specifically, 8 of 8 hamsters survived intranasal challenge for both of those groups whereas 7 of 8 PBS control-treated animals developed lethal HPS. Further, we report that administration of ribavirin at 50 mg/kg/day starting on days 6, 8, 10, or 12 post-infection resulted in significant protection against HPS in all groups. Administration of ribavirin at 14 days post-infection also provided a significant level of protection against lethal HPS. These data provide in vivo evidence supporting the potential use of ribavirin as a post-exposure treatment to prevent HPS after exposure by the respiratory route.
Assessment of MEF2A Mutations in Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Patients (2005)

MEF2A polymorphism does not contribute appreciably to MI in the Japanese population.
A decline in PABPN1 induces progressive muscle weakness in Oculopharyngeal muscle dystrophy and in muscle aging (2013)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations in Poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1). PABPN1 is a regulator of mRNA stability and is ubiquitously expressed. Here we investigated how symptoms in OPMD initiate only at midlife and why a subset of skeletal muscles is predominantly affected. Genome-wide RNA expression profiles from Vastus lateralis muscles human carriers of expanded-PABPN1 at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages were compared with healthy controls. Major expression changes were found to be associated with age rather than with expression of expanded-PABPN1, instead transcriptomes of OPMD and elderly muscles were significantly similar (P<0.05). Using k-means clustering we identified age-dependent trends in both OPMD and controls, but trends were often accelerated in OPMD. We report an age-regulated decline in PABPN1 levels in Vastus lateralis muscles from the fifth decade. In concurrence with severe muscle degeneration in OPMD, the decline in PABPN1 accelerated in OPMD and was specific to skeletal muscles. Reduced PABPN1 levels (30% to 60%) in muscle cells induced myogenic defects and morphological signatures of cellular aging in proportion to PABPN1 expression levels. We suggest that PABPN1 levels regulate muscle cell aging and OPMD represents an accelerated muscle aging disorder.
Carbocyclic arabinosyladenine, an adenosine deaminase resistant antiviral agent (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbocyclic arabinosyladenine, an adenosine deaminase resistant antiviral agentRobert Vince and Susan DalugeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1977, 20, 4, 612–613Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00214a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00214a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY OF CADMIUM SELENIDE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS (1981)

Abstract Polykristallines, elektrolytisch auf Ni‐ oder Ti‐Substraten abgeschiedenes CdSe wird als Photoanode in elektrochemischen Zellen mit S2′/ 5,21" als Redoxpaar eingesetzt.
The Functional Role of IgA in the IgM/IgA-Enriched Immunoglobulin Preparation Trimodulin (2021)

In comparison to human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, antibodies of IgA class are not well investigated. In line with this, the functional role of the IgA component in IgM/IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparations is also largely unknown. In recent years, powerful anti-pathogenic and immunomodulatory properties of human serum IgA especially on neutrophil function were unraveled. Therefore, the aim of our work is to investigate functional aspects of the trimodulin IgA component, a new plasma-derived polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation containing ~56% IgG, ~23% IgM and ~21% IgA. The functional role of IgA was investigated by analyzing the interaction of IgA with FcαRI, comparing trimodulin with standard intravenous IgG (IVIG) preparation and investigating Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent functions by excluding IgM-mediated effects. Trimodulin demonstrated potent immunomodulatory, as well as anti-pathogenic effects in our neutrophil model (neutrophil-like HL-60 cells). The IgA component of trimodulin was shown to induce a strong FcαRI-dependent inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAMi) signaling, counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and mediate phagocytosis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The fine-tuned balance between immunomodulatory and anti-pathogenic effects of trimodulin were shown to be dose-dependent. Summarized, our data demonstrate the functional role of IgA in trimodulin, highlighting the importance of this immunoglobulin class in immunoglobulin therapy.
Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Therapy in Patients With STEMI (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human monoclonal antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-I derived from patients with leprosy, and production of specific anti-idiotypes. (1988)

Human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were produced by hybridomas derived from fusion of the GM4672 lymphoblastoid cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, binding to Mycobacterium leprae, phenolic glycolipid-I (Phen GL-I), the unique M. leprae glycolipid and single-stranded(ss)DNA by ELISA. On the basis of direct-binding ELISAs, two IgMk mAb (PR4 and TH3) were selected for characterization. PR4 and TH3 bound to M. leprae, Phen GL-I and ssDNA; PR4 also bound to M. avium and M. kansasii and TH3 to M. kansasii. Inhibition assays demonstrated that these antibodies did not bind to the terminal disaccharide of Phen GL-I. In addition, both PR4 and TH3 bound to several autoantigens: ssDNA, double-stranded(ds)DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) but not RNA. PR4 and TH3 were used for preparation of rabbit anti-idiotype antisera. Inhibition studies demonstrated that the affinity purified rabbit anti-idiotype antisera were specific for their respective idiotype and that both Phen GL-I and ssDNA inhibited binding of idiotype to its anti-idiotype. PR4, but not TH3, was found to be similar but not identical to the 16/6 idiotype originally identified on a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody derived from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Geochemical Endmembers Preserved in Gale Crater: A Tale of Two Mudstones and Their Compositional Differences According to ChemCam (2018)

Gale crater contains two fine-grained mudstone sedimentary units: The Sheepbed mudstone member, and the Murray formation mud-stones. These mudstones formed as part of an ancient fluviolacustrine system. The NASA Curiosity rover has analysed these mudstone units using the Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam), Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) onboard instrument suites. Subsequent mineralogical analyses have uncovered a wide geochemical and mineralogical diversity across and within these two mudstone formations. This study aims to determine the principal cause (alteration or source region) of this geochemical variation through a statistical analysis of the ChemCam dataset up to sol 1482, including the lower to middle Murray formation.
Semi-automatic restructuring of offloadable tasks for many-core accelerators (2013)

Work division between the processor and accelerator is a common theme in modern heterogenous computing. Recent efforts (such as LEO and OpenAcc) provide directives that allow the developer to mark code regions in the original application from which offloadable tasks can be generated by the compiler. Auto-tuners and runtime schedulers work with the options (i.e., offloadable tasks) generated at compile time, which is limited by the directives specified by the developer. There is no provision for offload restructuring.
Synthesis of grafted poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) with energy donor–acceptor architecture via atom transfer radical polymerization: Towards nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating light‐emitting material (2007)

Abstract In this contribution, we demonstrate a new effective methodology for constructing highly efficient and durable poly( p ‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) containing emissive material with nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating properties through the introduction of hole‐transporting blocks into the PPE system as the grafting coils as well as building the energy donor–acceptor architecture between the grafting coils and the PPE backbone. Poly(2‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl methacrylate) (PCzEMA), herein, is chosen as the hole‐transporting blocks, and incorporated into the PPE system as the grafting coils via atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the resultant copolymer, PPE‐ g ‐PCzEMA, was characterized by NMR and gel permeation chromatography, showing that the desirable copolymer was obtained with the narrow polydispersity. The increased thermal stability of PPE‐ g ‐PCzEMA was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry along with its macroinitiator. The optoelectronic properties of this copolymer were studied in detail by ultraviolet‐visible absorption, photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra, and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The results indicate that PPE‐ g ‐PCzEMA exhibits the solid‐state luminescent property dominated by individual lumophores, and also the energy transfer process from the PCzEMA blocks to the PPE backbone with a relatively higher energy transfer efficiency in the solid‐state compared to that of the solution state. Additionally, the hole‐injection property is greatly facilitated due to the presence of PCzEMA, as confirmed by CV profiles. All these data indicate that PPE‐ g ‐PCzEMA is a good candidate for use in optoelectronic devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3776–3787, 2007
Dielectric properties of Bi doped SrTiO3 ceramics in the temperature range 500–800 K (1998)

The (Sr1−1.5xBix)TiO3 (0.0133⩽x⩽0.133) ceramic system reveals several sets of dielectric permittivity peaks in different temperature ranges. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss peaks were detected in the temperature range 500–800 K and in the present article the dielectric polarization behavior is presented and discussed. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation is in the range of 0.99–1.12 eV. It is suggested that the permittivity peaks are related to the movement of oxygen ions or oxygen vacancies.
Cytokines : a practical approach (1995)

1: Cloning and expression of cytokine genes. 2: Southern blotting of cytokine genes. 3: Northern analysis, ribonuclease protection and in situ analysis of cytokine messenger RNA. 4: Polymerase chain reaction to quantitate cytokine mRNA. 5: Comparative polymerase chain reaction. 6: Receptor binding studies. 7: Measurement of cytokine induction of PC-specific phospholipase C and sphingomyelinases. 8: Two dimensional gel elctrophoresis for purification, sequencing and identification of cytokine-induced proteins in normal and malignant cells. 9: Antiviral activity of cytokines. 10: Assays for human B cell responses to cytokines. 11: T cells and cytokines. 12: The generation and quantitation of cell-mediated toxicity. 13: Assays for chemotaxis. 14: Cytokine regulation of endothelial cells. 15: Assays for haematopoietic growth factors. 16: Assays for macrophage activation by cytokines. 17: Measurement of proliferative, cytolytic and cytostatic activity of cytokines. 18: Production of cytokine transgenic and knockout mice. 19: Development of antibodies to cytokines. 20: Visualizing the production of cytokines and their receptors by single human cells. 21: Quantitative biological assays for individual cytokines. 22: RIA, IRMA and ELISA assays for cytokines and their soluble receptors