gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Response to Ebola — West Africa and United States (2016)

The 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa highlighted the need to maintain organized laboratory systems or networks that can be effectively reorganized to implement new diagnostic strategies and laboratory services in response to large-scale events. Although previous Ebola outbreaks enabled establishment of critical laboratory practice safeguards and diagnostic procedures, this Ebola outbreak in West Africa highlighted the need for planning and preparedness activities that are better adapted to emerging pathogens or to pathogens that have attracted little commercial interest. The crisis underscored the need for better mechanisms to streamline development and evaluation of new diagnostic assays, transfer of material and specimens between countries and organizations, and improved processes for rapidly deploying health workers with specific laboratory expertise. The challenges and events of the outbreak forced laboratorians to examine not only the comprehensive capacities of existing national laboratory systems to recognize and respond to events, but also their sustainability over time and the mechanisms that need to be pre-established to ensure effective response. Critical to this assessment was the recognition of how response activities (i.e., infrastructure support, logistics, and workforce supplementation) can be used or repurposed to support the strengthening of national laboratory systems during the postevent transition to capacity building and recovery. This report compares CDC's domestic and international laboratory response engagements and lessons learned that can improve future responses in support of the International Health Regulations and Global Health Security Agenda initiatives.The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S. and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).
Live Attenuated Versus Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Hutterite Children (2016)

The Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
Clinical Studies with Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor (Mpl-ligand) (1997)

The haemopoietic growth factor mpl-ligand (also known as thrombopoietin, and Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor [MGDF] is a recently cloned and characterized megakaryocyte-active factor. Administration of MGDF to humans was associated with a dose-related increase in the platelet count with maximum levels observed between days 12-18. Platelets had normal appearance and functioned normally in assays of platelet aggregation and ATP-release. There was no evidence of platelet activation as assessed by platelet surface markers. The earliest detectable effect of MGDF was an increase in early (reticulated) platelets by day 3-4. MGDF also hastened recovery from thrombocytopenia when given after myelosuppressive chemotherapy. MGDF caused mobilisation into the blood of progenitor cells of multiple haemopoietic lineages, and was synergistic with G-CSF in this action after chemotherapy. MGDF was well tolerated with no adverse effects directly attributable to its administration. Further clinical evaluation is on-going.
Signaling via LAT (linker for T-cell activation) and Syk/ZAP70 is required for ERK activation and NFAT transcriptional activation following CD2 stimulation (2000)

Activation of T cells can be initiated through cell surface molecules in addition to the T-cell receptor-CD3 (TCR-CD3) complex. In human T cells, ligation of the CD2 molecule by mitogenic pairs of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies activates T cells via biochemical signaling pathways similar but not identical to those elicited on TCR engagement. This study describes a key role for the p36/38 membrane adapter protein linker for T cell activation (LAT) in CD2-mediated T-cell activation. Following ligation of CD2 on the surface of the Jurkat T-cell line and human purified T cells, LAT was tyrosine phosphorylated and shown to associate in vivo with a number of other tyrosine phosphorylated proteins including PLCγ-1, Grb-2, and SLP-76. Using Jurkat cell lines deficient in ZAP70/Syk (P116) or LAT (ANJ3) expression, CD2-dependent PLCγ-1 and SLP-76 tyrosine phosphorylation required expression both of ZAP70 or Syk and of LAT. As predicted, the absence of either LAT or ZAP70/Syk kinases correlated with a defect in the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity, activation of the interleukin-2 promoter, and ERK phosphorylation following CD2 stimulation. These data suggest that LAT is an adapter protein important for the regulation of CD2-mediated T-cell activation.
P3‐160: Mechanism of action of Posiphen®: From model to human (2011)

Neurodegenerative diseases can affect abstract thinking, skilled movements, emotional feelings, cognition, memory and other abilities. This diverse group of diseases includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent evidence indicates that these diverse neurodegenerative diseases might have a common cause and pathological mechanism—the misfolding, aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the brain, resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Studies from different disciplines strongly support this hypothesis and indicate that a common therapy for these devastating disorders might be possible. We found that these proteins have a common mechanism that regulates their mRNA translation. Iron influx increases the translation of these proteins via an iron-responsive element (IRE) RNA stem loop in their 5'untranlated region, while iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) controls and down regulates the iron-dependent translation. Messenger RNA IREs were modeled with RNA Shape. Binding of IRPs to IREs was measured by coupling biotin to the 5'UTR of the specific mRNA, incubating the construct with IRPs, precipitating the complex with Avidin beads, and visualizing the precipitate by Western blot. In vitro and in vivo (mice and human) measurements of APP and SNCA levels were executed either by immunoprecipitation, Elisa or Western blot. Posiphen increases binding of IRP1 to the IRE stem loop structure and further down regulates translation. We have data showing that Posiphen inhibits the translation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and alpha synuclein (SNCA). We also have data showing that Posiphen inhibits their translation in a number of tissue culture cells, in normal, trisomic and transgenic mice, as well as in humans (MCI patients). At ICAD we want to present our newest data showing translational regulation via the 5'UTR IRE/IRP1 interaction for prions and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and further down regulation with Posiphen in vitro and in vivo. Our data shows that neurotoxic aggregating proteins, such as APP, SNCA, Prions and SOD have a regulatory element in their 5'UTR that is responsible for the amount of protein translated by the ribosome. This regulatory element consists of an IRE stem loop structure that when binding iron upregulates translation, while when binding IRP1 down regulates translation. Posiphen further inhibits the translation of these mRNAs by the ribosomes, because it increases the affinity of IRP1 binding to the IRE.
Polymersomes and Wormlike Micelles Made Fluorescent by Direct Modifications of Block Copolymer Amphiphiles (2010)

Wormlike micelles and vesicles prepared from diblock copolymers are attracting great interest for a number of technological applications. Although transmission electron microscopy has remained as the method of choice for assessing the morphologies, fluorescence microscopy has a number of advantages. We show here that when commercially available fluorophores are covalently attached to diblock copolymers, a number of their physicochemical characteristics can be investigated. This method becomes particularly useful for visualizing phase separation within polymer assemblies and assessing the dynamics of wormlike micelles in real time. Near-IR fluorophores can be covalently conjugated to polymers and this opens the possibility for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging of polymer assemblies in drug delivery applications.
Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable and Highly Halotolerant GH5 Cellulase from an Icelandic Hot Spring Isolate (2016)

With the ultimate goal of identifying robust cellulases for industrial biocatalytic conversions, we have isolated and characterized a new thermostable and very halotolerant GH5 cellulase. This new enzyme, termed CelDZ1, was identified by bioinformatic analysis from the genome of a polysaccharide-enrichment culture isolate, initiated from material collected from an Icelandic hot spring. Biochemical characterization of CelDZ1 revealed that it is a glycoside hydrolase with optimal activity at 70°C and pH 5.0 that exhibits good thermostability, high halotolerance at near-saturating salt concentrations, and resistance towards metal ions and other denaturing agents. X-ray crystallography of the new enzyme showed that CelDZ1 is the first reported cellulase structure that lacks the defined sugar-binding 2 subsite and revealed structural features which provide potential explanations of its biochemical characteristics.
Effects of ketamine on precipitated opiate withdrawal. (2006)

In this study, subanesthetic ketamine infusion was an effective adjuvant in the correction of acute precipitated opiate withdrawal although it had no long-term effects on treatment of opiate dependence.
Coupled String-Beam Equations as a Model of Suspension Bridges (1999)

We consider nonlinearly coupled string-beam equations modelling time-periodic oscillations in suspension bridges. We prove the existence of a unique solution under suitable assumptions on certain parameters of the bridge.
Escherichia coli F41 adhesin: genetic organization, nucleotide sequence, and homology with the K88 determinant (1988)

The genetic organization of the polypeptides required for the biosynthesis of the F41 adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains was investigated. Maxicell analysis demonstrated that a recombinant plasmid which mediated mannose-resistant hemagglutination and F41 antigen production encoded four polypeptides of 29, 30, 32, and 86 kilodaltons. The 29-kilodalton protein was identified as the F41 antigen, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. Extensive homology was observed between the region encoding the putative signal sequences of the F41 and K88 antigens and in the region immediately upstream of the antigen genes. The nucleotide sequence homology between F41 and K88 determinants was further investigated by Southern blot hybridization. A K88 probe hybridized at high stringency to all fragments shown to be essential for F41 production except for fragments internal to the F41 antigen gene.
Device applications of metafilms and metasurfaces (Presentation Recording) (2015)

Many conventional optoelectronic devices consist of thin, stacked films of metals and semiconductors. In this presentation, I will demonstrate how one can improve the performance of such devices by nano-patterning the constituent layers at length scales below the wavelength of light. The resulting metafilms and metasurfaces offer opportunities to dramatically modify the optical transmission, absorption, reflection, and refraction properties of devices. This is accomplished by encoding the optical response of nanoscale resonant building blocks into the effective properties of the films and surfaces. To illustrate these points, I will show how nanopatterned metal and semiconductor layers can be used to enhance the performance of solar cells, photodetectors, and enable new imaging technologies. I will also demonstrate how the use of active building blocks can facilitate the creation of active metafilm devices.
Influence of Foliar Application of Nitrogen on Tree Growth, Precocity, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Mineral Nutrients in Young ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees on Three Rootstocks (1997)

Abstract The influence of three foliar applications and one ground application of nitrogen on tree growth, precocity, fruit quality at harvest and after storage, and leaf mineral concentrations in young ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on three root-stocks were studied. Trees that received a total of 197 g urea (90.6 g actual N) as a ground application over three growing seasons had greater trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), yield per tree, and yield efficiency than trees which received one of three rates of foliar applications. Trees receiving ground-applied or foliarly-applied urea at the highest rate had the heaviest fruit. Fruit firmness was greatest in the lowest foliar treatment. Ground application resulted in greater than average leaf N in 1994 and the greatest leaf Ca and lowest percentage leaf dry weight, leaf K, Zn, and Cu in both 1993 and 1994. Trees on M.9 NAKBT337 were more precocious and smaller in size than those on M.7 EMLA. Trees on M.7 EMLA had lower yield efficiency and greater leaf K than trees on either M.9 NAKBT337 or M.26 EMLA.
1985 Yearbook of Anesthesia (1986)

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
Pore Geometry and Surface Engineering of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Anhydrous Proton Conduction (2022)

Developing new materials for anhydrous proton conduction under high-temperature conditions is significant and challenging. Herein, we create a series of highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via a pore engineering approach. We simultaneously engineer the pore geometry (generating concave dodecagonal nanopores) and pore surface (installing multiple functional groups such as -C=N-, -OH, -N=N- and -CF<sub>3</sub> ) to improve the utilization efficiency and host-guest interaction of proton carriers, hence benefiting the enhancement of anhydrous proton conduction. Upon loading with H<sub>3</sub> PO<sub>4</sub> , COFs can realize a proton conductivity of 2.33×10<sup>-2</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> under anhydrous conditions, among the highest values of all COF materials. These materials demonstrate good stability and maintain high proton conductivity over a wide temperature range (80-160 °C). This work paves a new way for designing COFs for anhydrous proton conduction applications, which shows great potential as high-temperature proton exchange membranes.
Electronics Packaging for High Reliable Piezoactuators (2007)

The use of electronic systems in automotive applications is characterized by special requirements concerning surrounding conditions, e.g. near the engine or breaks, and reliability demands. More and more piezoceramic sensors and actuators become common in such systems. Especially piezoceramic actuators are characterized by high power, low volume, fast mechanical response to an electrical pulse and a high variety of possible geometries. One application of such actuators is to drive fuel injection valves in internal combustion engines like diesel engines or petrol engines. The goal of the project group during the past years was the development and evaluation of a safe and reliable connecting and packaging technology for piezoceramic actuators in this field of application. Our paper presents, based on the general demands to the actuators and so to the technologies, the investigations that have been made, the realized tests (reliability test, endurance run), some results of destructive and non-destructive diagnostics (cross sections, X-ray) to assess the interconnections and the general results of the project.
The intrinsic role of ROG in CD8+ T cell development has an impact on protective immunity against viral infection (P1452) (2013)

Abstract Repressor of GATA3 (ROG) is a member of the poxviruses and zinc finger family of transcriptional repressors, and is also known as ZBTB32. Several studies have suggested that ROG may regulate the activation and differentiation CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and further, may also play a role in plasma cell differentiation. We have investigated the role of ROG in the development of anti-viral memory T cells. Upon acute infection with LCMV Armstrong, Rog-/- mouse accumulated higher proportions and numbers of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, resulting in an increased number of memory cells. Rog-/- mouse exhibited normal viral clearance, but as a consequence of the elevated primary response, the Rog-/- CD8+ T cell population contains enhanced protective memory potential. We also examined the response of Rog-/- mice to infection with a high dose of LCMV-clone 13, which causes a chronic infection leading to exhaustion of the CD8+ T cells. We found that approximately one-half of Rog-/- mice infected with high dose LCMV-clone 13 succumbed to this infection as early as day 9 post-infection and also exhibited severe immune pathology in the lung compared to WT mice. The higher frequency of IFNg-producing virus-specific CD8+ T cells in Rog-/- mice also resulted in enhanced viral control following LCMV-clone 13 infection. These data indicate that ROG plays a unique non-redundant role during acute and chronic LCMV infection, and is an important regulator of CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN MONOXIDE WITH HYDROGEN ON ALUMINA‐SUPPORTED PLATINUM CONTAINING A METAL OXIDE (1982)

Abstract Zur Analyse des Mechanismus der selektiven Umwandlung von NO zu N 2 und N 2 O ohne Bildung von NH 3 wurde die N0‐H2 ‐Reaktion am Pt‐V205/ Al 2 O 3 ‐Katalysator mittels Impuls‐Reaktions‐Verfahren untersucht.
Silica sol-gel for the controlled release of antibiotics. II. The effect of synthesis parameters on thein vitro release kinetics of vancomycin (2001)

Room temperature-processed silica sol-gel (xerogel) was investigated as a novel controlled release carrier of vancomycin for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Vancomycin-loaded xerogels were fabricated with varying water/alkoxysilane molar ratios and vancomycin concentrations. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of varying the aforementioned synthesis parameters on the daily in vitro release kinetics of vancomycin from the xerogel disks. A controlled, load-dependent, long-term release of vancomycin was observed for all of the molar ratios that were used in the study (4, 6, and 10). Variations in the water/alkoxysilane molar ratio affected the release process extensively. A cumulative release of about 90% of the original amount of vancomycin was found for molar ratios 6 and 10 by 21 and 14 days, respectively. Only about 30% was released from xerogels with a molar ratio of 4 after 21 days of immersion. A first-order release stage was followed by a steady release stage for xerogels with molar ratios of 6 and 10, whereas zero-order release was observed for xerogels with a molar ratio of 4. The findings of this study indicate that the release kinetics of vancomycin from xerogel can be tailored by varying the xerogel synthesis parameters.
CYTOGENETIC TESTING OF IRIS MELANOMA USING FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY IN 17 PATIENTS (2011)

Using fine needle aspiration biopsy, cytogenetic analysis can be achieved in iris melanoma. Iris melanoma demonstrated partial or complete Monosomy 3 in 71%, and this statistically correlated with increasing patients' age. Mixed/epithelioid cell type was far more commonly seen in patients with Monosomy 3, although this did not reach statistical significance.
RACE: time series compression with rate adaptivity and error bound for sensor networks (2005)

Sensor networks usually have limited energy and transmission capacity. It is beneficial to reduce the data volume for dissemination in a sensor network that monitors continuous physical processes in order to reduce energy consumption. Data compression schemes in use should be able to adapt to limited bandwidth while preserving high data quality. We propose a wavelet-based, error aware compression algorithm that is targeted to achieving these goals. It is called RACE (rate adaptive compression with error bound). It can adjust its maximum normalized error to current network capacity. Additionally, errors due to multiple passes of compression during multi-hop relaying are additive and thus can be estimated easily upon data reconstruction. Moreover, during data dissemination, error ranges can be narrowed through an opportunistic patching process when excess bit rate is available. Consequently, the performance is less subject to the volatility of physical processes. The algorithm has been evaluated in various aspects and demonstrated to be effective in rate adaptivity, error range narrowing, and preservation of statistical interpretation.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver: a common manifestation of a metabolic disorder (2003)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is one of the most common liver diseases encountered in the United States and Europe. This term refers to a spectrum of hepatic pathology that resembles alcoholic liver disease, but appears in individuals who have low or negligible alcohol consumption.

Initially the term non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was employed by Ludwig et al. in 1980 to describe a syndrome in morbidly obese females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), in whom the hepatic histology was consistent with alcoholic hepatitis, but there was no history of alcohol use.1 More recently it has become apparent that NAFL is a spectrum of disease (Table 1). 

View this table:

 Table 1 
Histological classification of non-alcoholic fatty liver (adapted from reference 6)



It has been suggested that the term NASH should be used only for the more severe forms of NAFL that correspond to types 3 and 4 with alcoholic-like histological findings.2 As in alcoholic liver disease, steatosis in NAFL is predominantly macrovesicular and generally distributed diffusely throughout the liver lobule, although prominent microvesicular steatosis or zone 3 (perivenular) steatosis is occasionally found. NAFL is now thought to be the commonest cause of abnormal liver enzymes encountered in general practice, and to result in cirrhosis in a significant proportion of the patients.

We review the current evidence on the prevalence, natural history and treatment of NAFL, limiting the discussion to primary NAFL. Many medications, acute and chronic illnesses can produce steatosis and steatohepatitis, but these are beyond the scope of this review.

The prevalence of NAFL is unclear. There are problems relating to referral bias, population heterogeneity, design studies, the imaging modality employed and the use of liver biopsy. NAFL has been reported worldwide.3–12 In general population studies, screening with ultrasound7,9,11,,12 or CT13 has shown a … 

Address correspondence to Dr S.D.H. Malnick, Department of Internal Medicine C, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot 76100, Israel. e-mail: stevash{at}trendline.co.il
As–cast microstructures of HEA designed to be strengthened by HfC (2022)

In this study, two new alloys, resulting of the addition of carbon and hafnium to a well–known high entropy alloy (HEA) – the equimolar CoNiFeMnCr one – to promote the formation of HfC carbides, were produced by conventional casting under inert atmosphere and characterized. The as–cast microstructures of the obtained HEA/HfC alloys were studied by X–ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrometry, and Vickers indentation. These HEA/HfC alloys are double–phased, with an austenitic matrix and interdendritic eutectic script–like HfC carbides. In terms of chemical composition and of crystallographic network, the matrix of the alloys is identical to the CoNiFeMnCr alloy. In that way, the two alloys can be considered as composite materials resulting of a HEA matrix strengthened by hard HfC particles.
SiliaCat TEMPO:  An Effective and Useful Oxidizing Catalyst (2007)

Organosilica-based SiliaCat TEMPO can efficiently replace homogeneous TEMPO and its derivatives in the oxidation of a wide variety of alcohols to valued carbonyls (or carboxylic acids), affording advantages in addition to the ease of removal of the catalyst from products by a simple filtration.