gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage to the shortest structural paths between brain regions is associated with disruptions of resting-state functional connectivity after stroke (2020)

Focal brain lesions disrupt resting-state functional connectivity, but the underlying structural mechanisms are unclear. Here, we examined the direct and indirect effects of structural disconnections on resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of sub-acute stroke patients with heterogeneous brain lesions. We estimated the impact of each patient's lesion on the structural connectome by embedding the lesion in a diffusion MRI streamline tractography atlas constructed using data from healthy individuals. We defined direct disconnections as the loss of direct structural connections between two regions, and indirect disconnections as increases in the shortest structural path length between two regions that lack direct structural connections. We then tested the hypothesis that functional connectivity disruptions would be more severe for disconnected regions than for regions with spared connections. On average, nearly 20% of all region pairs were estimated to be either directly or indirectly disconnected by the lesions in our sample, and extensive disconnections were associated primarily with damage to deep white matter locations. Importantly, both directly and indirectly disconnected region pairs showed more severe functional connectivity disruptions than region pairs with spared direct and indirect connections, respectively, although functional connectivity disruptions tended to be most severe between region pairs that sustained direct structural disconnections. Together, these results emphasize the widespread impacts of focal brain lesions on the structural connectome and show that these impacts are reflected by disruptions of the functional connectome. Further, they indicate that in addition to direct structural disconnections, lesion-induced increases in the structural shortest path lengths between indirectly structurally connected region pairs provide information about the remote functional disruptions caused by focal brain lesions.
Synthesis of nonstationary seismic signals (1970)

Abstract Synthetic seismograms are a powerful tool which can be used to approximate the complex signature which an inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and imperfectly elastic Earth imparts to seismic waves generated by underground nuclear detonations. The concept and design of a time-varying analog filter for generating synthetic seismograms which approximate real seismograms observed from underground nuclear explosions have been developed. The basic design of this filter exploits a non-stationary characteristic commonly observed on seismograms, the gradual increase of period with time. The parameters of the time-varying analog filter were determined on the basis of the characteristics of the radial component of 50 seismograms recorded from underground nuclear detonations encompassing a wide range of yields (80 to 1000 kt) and distances (50 to 550 km) from the detonation. These parameters determine the time-varying response of the analog filter to a white noise input. The comparison of the spectra of synthetic and real seismograms indicates that the synthetic seismograms generated with the time-varying analog filter are close approximations to real seismograms having equivalent yield and range parameters.
Block Oriented Programming (2018)

With the widespread deployment of Control-Flow Integrity (CFI), control-flow hijacking attacks, and consequently code reuse attacks, are significantly more difficult. CFI limits control flow to well-known locations, severely restricting arbitrary code execution. Assessing the remaining attack surface of an application under advanced control-flow hijack defenses such as CFI and shadow stacks remains an open problem. We introduce BOPC, a mechanism to automatically assess whether an attacker can execute arbitrary code on a binary hardened with CFI/shadow stack defenses. BOPC computes exploits for a target program from payload specifications written in a Turing-complete, high-level language called SPL that abstracts away architecture and program-specific details. SPL payloads are compiled into a program trace that executes the desired behavior on top of the target binary. The input for BOPC is an SPL payload, a starting point (e.g., from a fuzzer crash) and an arbitrary memory write primitive that allows application state corruption. To map SPL payloads to a program trace, BOPC introduces Block Oriented Programming (BOP), a new code reuse technique that utilizes entire basic blocks as gadgets along valid execution paths in the program, i.e., without violating CFI or shadow stack policies. We find that the problem of mapping payloads to program traces is NP-hard, so BOPC first reduces the search space by pruning infeasible paths and then uses heuristics to guide the search to probable paths. BOPC encodes the BOP payload as a set of memory writes. We execute 13 SPL payloads applied to 10 popular applications. BOPC successfully finds payloads and complex execution traces -- which would likely not have been found through manual analysis -- while following the target's Control-Flow Graph under an ideal CFI policy in 81% of the cases.
Techniques for the Characterization of Film Adhesion (1986)

Films and coatings are integral elements of devices used for a variety of purposes in electronic, engineering, and other applications. The performance, functional characteristics, and structural properties of the devices all depend on the adhesion between the film and substrate. Adhesion measurement techniques that are currently available are not comparable from one laboratory to another, nor are there any techniques that are noncontacting, quantitative, and reliable. This topic will be reviewed with the major emphasis placed on measurements of thin films. The basic goal of a successful measurement technique is to create a stress in the adhesive bond and then measure the response of the film to this stress. Regions of the film having weak bonding forces will produce a different response than the regions having strong bonding forces. In our work surface acoustic waves (SAW) are used to introduce the stresses and the change in the velocity of the waves is measured. The waves are excited on the substrate with a high numerical aperture cylindrical lens. The Y(z) response of the film system is then obtained and processed to extract the SAW velocity. The results of these measurements on a film system with known regions of strong and weak adhesion will be presented. These measurements will be compared to simulations of the change in surface wave velocity as the bond stiffness between the film and substrate is changed.
Et3B-Induced Hydrogermylation of Alkenes and Silyl Enol Ethers (2000)

Tri-2-furanylgermane in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et(3)B adds to internal alkenes as well as terminal alkenes effectively to give the corresponding adducts in good to excellent yields. The addition of tri-2-furanylgermane to silyl enol ethers followed by elimination of germyl and siloxy moieties provides a new route for the conversion of ketones into alkenes.
Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment (2004)

This chapter summarizes the sources of environmental toxicants and transport processes such as homogeneous and heterogeneous advection and diffusion within and between phases. Equilibrium partitioning is concerned with partitioning between air and water, octanol and water, lipid and water as well as particle and water. The transformation processes included are a variety of both reversible and irreversible reactions. Among the reversible reactions are ionization, precipitation and dissolution, and complexation and chemical speciation, while the irreversible reactions include hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation-reduction and biotransformations. These aspects are incorporated into models of environmental fate.
Real-time active noise control of multi-tones and MRI acoustic noise in fMRI bore with signal decomposition and parallel hybrid RLS-NLMS adaptive algorithms (2014)

This paper presents a real-time implementation of a cost-effective adaptive feedback Active Noise Control (FANC) method for attenuating acoustic multi-tone noise and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) acoustic noise in a fMRI bore test-bed. Periodic property of the signal is used to decompose it into dominant periodic components and residual random components using linear prediction (LP) filtering. After decomposition, a hybrid combination of Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and Normalized Least Mean Squares (NLMS) filters is used to effectively attenuate each of the periodic and random components of noise separately. Real time implementation of proposed FANC method on fMRI test bed is discussed and Noise attenuation levels (NAL) obtained are presented which support the effectiveness of the FANC method in practice.
Comparative Analysis of Decision-level Fusion Algorithms for 3D Face Recognition (2006)

3D shape-based face recognition algorithms can be improved by using decision-level fusion algorithms. In this work, we present a comparative analysis of various fusion algorithms, and also propose novel ones. The contributions of the paper can be summarized as: i) a through analysis of several decision-level fusion algorithms, ii) a dynamically estimated reliability-assisted fusion schemes, and iii) a novel implementation of LDA-based cascaded serial fusion algorithm. Experiments conducted on the 3D_RMA dataset confirm that serial fusion offers the best solution, and dynamic calculation of reliability estimates improves the accuracy of the standard fusion schemes
Tracking with asymptotic sliding mode and adaptive input delay effect compensation of nonlinearly perturbed delayed systems applied to traffic feedback control (2016)

Asymptotical sliding mode-model reference adaptive control design for a class of systems with parametric uncertainty, unknown nonlinear perturbation and external disturbance, and with known input and state delays is proposed. To overcome the difficulty to directly predict the plant state under uncertainties, a control design is based on a developed decomposition procedure, where a ‘generalised error’ in conjunction with auxiliary linear dynamic blocks with adjustable gains is introduced and the sliding variable is formed on the basis of this error. The effect of such a decomposition is to pull the input delay out of first step of the design procedure. As a result, similarly to the classical Smith predictor, the adaptive control architecture based only on the lumped-delays, i.e. without conventional in such cases difficult-implemented distributed-delay blocks. Two new adaptive control schemes are proposed. A linearisation-based control design is constructed for feedback control of an urban traffic region model with uncertain dynamics. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed adaptive control method.
Intragenic complementation at the argininosuccinate lyase locus: Reconstruction of the active site (1998)

Intragenic complementation has been observed at the argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) locus and the ASL alleles in the ASL-deficient cell strains of two complementation phenotypes have been identified. The frequent complementers, strains that participate in the majority of the complementation events, were found to be either homozygous or heterozygous for the Q286R allele, while the high-activity complementers, those strains in which complementation is associated with a high restoration of activity, were found to be either homozygous or heterozygous for the D87G allele. Direct proof of the intragenic complementation observed at the ASL locus has been obtained with the co-expression of the D87G and Q286R alleles in COS cells. A significant increase in the ASL activity was observed when the two alleles were co-expressed relative to the expression of each mutant allele alone. The increase in activity was comparable to that observed previously in the fibroblast complementation studies. The structure determinations of ASL and the homologous eye lens protein, duck delta II crystallin, have revealed that the active site of ASL is made up of residues from three different monomers. The structural mapping of the Q286 and D87 residues shows that both are located near the active site but that, in any one active site, each is contributed by a different monomer. The molecular symmetry of the ASL protein is such that when mutant monomers combine randomly, one active site will contain both mutations and at least one active site will contain no mutations at all. It is these 'native' active sites in the hybrid Q286R/D87G proteins that give rise to the partial recovery of enzymatic activity observed during intragenic complementation.
Chemistry of Cyclic Imides: An Overview on the Past, Present and Future (2016)

Cyclic imides are commonly encountered structural motifs in natural and synthetic molecules with remarkable pharmacological properties. They are also used widely for further functionalization through various chemical transformations. Currently, renewed focus has been devoted worldwide on this important class of compounds for their potential new applications especially in the area of medicinal / pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in drug discovery. Consequently, their syntheses have attracted considerable interest. Various innovative methodologies have recently been developed in order to access and functionalize this class of compounds. For example, the combination of classical as well as modern reactions allowed synthetic chemists to perform the straight forward and direct synthesis of diversity based library of compounds, often in 1-2 steps. The present report will cover the relevant and recent advances in the field of occurrences, synthesis and chemical reactions of cyclic imides mainly from 1980 to the end of 2015. Keywords: Cyclic imides, natural product, synthesis, reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl α‐L‐Callipeltoside. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frame synchronization among base stations for TDD systems (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new frame synchronization method for femtocell base station (BS) in TDD (Time Division Duplex) systems. The proposed femtocell BS establishes the synchronization by receiving transmitted signals from adjacent BSs. In order to establish the precise frame synchronization, the distances between the femtocell BS and the adjacent BSs should be known. So, we introduce a method for estimating a position of a femtocell BS to our proposed method. By making use of the estimated position, we derive the propagation delay time from adjacent BSs to a femtocell BS. By using computer-based simulation, we indicate that our proposed method enables frame synchronization with a sufficient accuracy under difficult circumstances which degrade the accuracy of positioning affected by multipath and so on.
<italic>CMYK</italic> Halftoning Algorithm Based on Direct Binary Search (2001)

In this paper, we propose color design criteria for uniform color textures, and present a new colorant-based halftoning technique which meets these criteria, and hence generates high quality color halftones. The basic idea behind our halftoning method is to control the quality of each colorant texture separately along with the total dot distribution. In order to achieve this, we first set the total dot arrangement and then color the dots optimally without altering the total dot arrangement. This corresponds to a constrained optimization problem, and we solve this via the swap-only direct binary search (DBS) heuristic. Examples of color halftone images using our technique are compared to images obtained by a plane-independent color halftoning algorithm and by the HP 970 Cx inkjet printer driver.
10 Gbit/s 177 km transmission over conventionalsinglemode fibre usinga vestigial side-band modulation format (2001)

The transmission of 10 Gbit/s vestigial-side-band (VSB) signals over 177 km of conventional singlemode fibre is demonstrated. The dispersion penalty was measured to be &lt; 3 dB. The simulation analysis shows that the small dispersion penalty comes from the combination of reduced spectral width of the VSB signal and the negative dispersion of the VSB filter.
Anatomical abnormalities of the pelvic venous system and their implications for endovascular management of pelvic venous reflux (2017)

Background Pelvic venous reflux is often treated with pelvic vein embolisation; however, atypical pelvic venous anatomy may provide therapeutic challenges. Methods We retrospectively reviewed seven patient files and reported symptoms, diagnostic imaging, aberrant anatomy and means by which the interventional radiologist successfully completed the procedure. Any follow-up data were included if available. Results Four anatomical abnormalities were found: internal iliac veins draining into the contralateral common iliac vein, duplicated inferior vena cava, reverse-angle renal veins with atypical left ovarian vein drainage and direct drainage of the internal iliac vein to the inferior vena cava. All patients were successfully treated with pelvic vein embolisation. Conclusion Abnormal embryologic development may cause variable pelvic venous anatomy. Knowledge of this will enable interventional radiologists to successfully treat such patients.
Comparison of Capsule Endoscopy with Ileocolonoscopy for Detecting Small-Bowel Lesions in Patients with Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies (2005)

Capsule endoscopy detected more small-bowel lesions than ileocolonoscopy, and provided additional potentially relevant information on upper gastrointestinal pathology in patients with spondyloarthropathies.
Insulin resistance and hypertension. Patients in double jeopardy for cardiovascular disease. (2000)

Essential hypertension is prevalent among older individuals, and approximately 50% of persons with hypertension can be considered to have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. It appears likely that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia predispose to, rather than result from, hypertension. Insulin resistance is associated with abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, hypercoagulability, and endothelial function, which probably account in part for the increased cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients. To identify this subset of patients, all hypertensive patients should be screened for diabetes and lipid abnormalities. The presence of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, or hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL suggest the presence of insulin resistance. Insulin resistant patients, in particular, will benefit from exercise and weight loss.
Test-Retest and Interreader Reproducibility of Semiautomated Atlas-Based Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data in Acute Cervical Spine Trauma in Adult Patients (2017)

DTI spinal cord segmentation is reproducible in the setting of acute spine trauma, specifically for larger white matter tracts and total white or gray matter.
Aprotinin Exacerbates Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Ischemia/Reperfusion in Mice Lacking Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I (2008)

Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor with diverse biological effects; until recently, it was utilized in the context of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). It has been hypothesized that a signaling pathway modulated by aprotinin in the context of I/R is the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor (TNFR) pathway. An intact mouse model of I/R (30 min ischemia and 60 min reperfusion) was used and left ventricular (LV) peak + maximal rate of left ventricular (LV) peak pressure (dP/dt) was measured in wild-type mice (WT, C57BL/6; n = 10), WT mice with aprotinin (4 mL/kg; n = 10), transgenic mice devoid of the TNFRI (TNFRI-null; n = 10), and TNFRI-null with aprotinin (n=10). Following I/R, LV peak + dP/dt decreased in both WT groups, but remained similar to baseline values in the TNFRI-null group. In contrast, aprotinin caused a marked reduction in LV peak + dP/dt in the TNFRI-null group following I/R. Soluble plasma TNF levels increased in the WT and TNFRI-null mice with I/R and was reduced with aprotinin. Soluble TNFRI and TNFRII levels, indicative of TNF activation, increased in the WT mice following I/R and remained elevated with aprotinin. Soluble TNFRII levels were increased in the TNFRI-null mice following I/R and remained elevated with aprotinin. The new and unique findings of this study were twofold. First, aprotinin failed to improve LV function after I/R despite a reduction in circulating TNF levels. Second, genetic ablation of TNFRI uncovered a negative inotropic effect of aprotinin. These findings demonstrate that complex biological pathways and interactions are affected with broad spectrum serine protease inhibition, which are relevant to myocardial function in the context of I/R.
Semantic Classification of Pedestrian Traffic Scenarios for the Validation of Automated Driving (2019)

This paper proposes a concept for the semantic classification of pedestrian traffic scenarios to estimate the test coverage during the validation of automated driving systems for urban environments. A model is introduced to describe pedestrian behavior as a combination of geometric data of their trajectory and maneuvers in relation to the surrounding infrastructure. The presented concept is applied and evaluated on an initial dataset of recorded measurement data to monitor the achieved coverage of pedestrian behavior during the test drives. Furthermore, the benefits and challenges of the approach are discussed. The methodology can help to detect semantic redundancy in a given scenario database and thereby improve the efficiency of the overall testing process. Moreover, common traffic scenarios can be identified, which makes it possible to focus real world test drives on these, while more infrequent scenarios are covered in simulations.
Microbially enhanced carbonate mineralization and containment of CO2 (2009)

Mitchell, A. C., Phillips, A. J., Kaszuba, J. P., Hollis, W. K., Cunningham, A. L. B., Gerlach, R. (2009). Microbially enhanced carbonate mineralization and containment of CO2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72 (12), A636.