gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF THE APPARENT DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF CARBONIC ACID IN SEAWATER AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE1 (1973)

The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater were determined as functions of temperature (2–35°C) and salinity (19–43 ‰ ) at atmospheric pressure by measurement of K’x and the product K'� K'2. At 35%° salinity and 25°C the measured values were p K ′ 1 = 6.000 and p K ′ 2 = 9.115; at 35 ‰ and 2°C the measured values were p K ′ 1 = 6.177 and p K ′ 2 = 9.431.
Robust Deep Learning–based Segmentation of Glioblastoma on Routine Clinical MRI Scans Using Sparsified Training (2020)

Accurate and automatic segmentation of glioblastoma on clinical scans is feasible using a model based on large, heterogeneous, and partially incomplete datasets. Sparsified training may boost the performance of a smaller model based on public and site-specific data.<i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i>Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Synthesis, physical properties and ion recognition of a novel larger heteroacene with eleven linearly-fused rings and two different types of heteroatom (2015)

A novel larger stable heteroacene, <bold>8N8O</bold>, has been synthesized and demonstrated to act as an efficient anion sensor for iodide over a wide range of other anions.
Model-Free Reinforcement Learning and Bayesian Classification in System-Level Power Management (2016)

To cope with uncertainties and variations that emanate from hardware and/or application characteristics, dynamic power management (DPM) frameworks must be able to learn about the system inputs and environmental variations, and adjust the power management policy on the fly. In this paper, an online adaptive DPM technique is presented based on the model-free reinforcement learning (RL) method, which requires no prior knowledge of the state transition probability function and the reward function. In particular, this paper employs the temporal difference (TD) learning method for semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) as the model-free RL technique since the TD method can accelerate convergence and alleviate the reliance on the Markovian property of the power-managed system. In addition, a novel workload predictor based on an online Bayesian classifier is presented to provide effective estimation of the workload characteristics for the RL algorithm. Several improvements are proposed to manage the size of the action space for the learning algorithm, enhance its convergence speed, and dynamically change the action set associated with each system state. In the proposed DPM framework, power-latency tradeoffs of the power-managed system can be precisely controlled based on a user-defined parameter. Extensive experiments on hard disk drives and wireless network cards show that the maximum power saving without sacrificing any latency is 18.6 percent compared to a reference expert-based approach. Alternatively, the maximum latency saving without any power dissipation increase is 73.0 percent compared to the existing best-of-breed DPM techniques.
The Chemistry of Natural Rubber Production (1961)

Abstract Many advances in the world of science have taken place quietly in field and laboratory, with few to applaud the discoverer or to appreciate his worth. The man we honor today was such a pioneer, whose work received full recognition only many years after its completion. It is, I think you will agree, a very fitting tribute to Ridley to discuss recent advances in the science of natural rubber and to applaud at least some of the contributions made by the many different workers. The field is a large one, and I can hope only to give a brief survey of a few selected items, so I propose paying more attention to research which is concerned with the production of natural rubber rather than with its utilization.
Emerging Endovascular Therapies for Non-Compressible Torso Hemorrhage (2016)

Management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) remains a challenge despite continued advancements in trauma resuscitation. Resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping and recent advances in endovascular aortic occlusion, including resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta, have finite durations of therapy due to the inherent physiologic stressors that accompany complete occlusion. Here, we attempt to illuminate the current state of aortic occlusion for trauma resuscitation including explanation of the deleterious consequences of complete occlusion, potential methods and limitations of existing technology to overcome these consequences, and a description of innovative methods to improve the resuscitation of NCTH. By explaining the complexity and potential deleterious effects of resuscitation augmented with aortic occlusion, our goal is to provide practitioners with a real-world perspective on current endovascular technology and to encourage the continued innovation required to overcome existing obstacles.
2017 Policy statement (2017)

2017 was a tale of people and nature, like no other in our history. It was a story about just how much damage and how much good humanity can do for this planet and for each other, depending on the political, professional and personal choices that we make. So, the big question for all of us, just how far are we prepared to go when turning robust science into bold policies and tangible action?
Hipotansiyonun yol açtığı bir iskemik hepatit olgusu (2001)

Ischemic hepatitis is a disease clinically characterized by a sudden rise in serum transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase levels to 75-to 100-fold normal levels, followed byresolutiontonear normal levels within 7 to 10 days as a result of an acute circulatory failure due to cardiovascular disease in most of the reported cases. Such impairment of liver function tests is due to haemodynamic hepatocyte injury that results from failure of hepatic perfusion. Liver biopsy shows focal centrilobularnecrosis. Ischemic hepatitis shouldbe anticipatedinallpatients with a recent history of systemic hypotension.&#13;\nIn this paper we describe a case of ischemic hepatitis, in which an acute derangement of liver function tests occurred as a consequence of myocardial infarction and discuss features of this disease.
New theory of radiative energy transfer in free electromagnetic fields (1976)

A new theory of radiative energy transfer in free, statistically stationary electromagnetic fields is presented. It provides a model for energy transport that is rigorous within the framework of the stochastic theory of the classical field as well as within the framework of the theory of the quantized field. Unlike the usual phenomenological model of radiative energy transfer that centers around a single scalar quantity (the specific intensity of radiation), our theory brings into evidence the need for characterizing the energy transport by means of two (related) quantities: a scalar and a vector that may be identified, in a well-defined sense, with "angular components" of the average electromagnetic energy density and of the average Poynting vector, respectively. Both of them are defined in terms of invariants of certain new electromagnetic correlation tensors. In the special case when the field is statistically homogeneous our model reduces to the usual one and our angular component of the average electromagnetic energy density, when multiplied by the vacuum speed of light, then acquires all the properties of the specific intensity of radiation. When the field is not statistically homogeneous our model reduces in good approximation to the usual phenomenological one, provided that the angular correlations between plane wave modes of the field extend over a sufficiently small solid angle of directions about the direction of propagation of each mode. It is tentatively suggested that, when suitably normalized, our angular component of the average electromagnetic energy density may be interpreted as a quasiprobability (general quantum-mechanical phase-space distribution function, such as Wigner's) for the position and the momentum of a photon.
Selective imaging of adherent targeted ultrasound contrast agents (2007)

The goal of ultrasonic molecular imaging is the detection of targeted contrast agents bound to receptors on endothelial cells. We propose imaging methods that can distinguish adherent microbubbles from tissue and from freely circulating microbubbles, each of which would otherwise obscure signal from molecularly targeted adherent agents. The methods are based on a harmonic signal model of the returned echoes over a train of pulses. The first method utilizes an 'image-push-image' pulse sequence where adhesion of contrast agents is rapidly promoted by acoustic radiation force and the presence of adherent agents is detected by the signal change due to targeted microbubble adhesion. The second method rejects tissue echoes using a spectral high-pass filter. Free agent signal is suppressed by a pulse-to-pulse low-pass filter in both methods. An overlay of the adherent and/or flowing contrast agents on B-mode images can be readily created for anatomical reference. Contrast-to-tissue ratios from adherent microbubbles exceeding 30 dB and 20 dB were achieved for the two methods proposed, respectively. The performance of these algorithms is compared, emphasizing the significance and potential applications in ultrasonic molecular imaging.
The Prevalence and Characteristics of Employee Assistance, Health Promotion and Drug Testing Programs in Ontario (1995)

ABSTRACT In 1988/89, a survey was conducted on a representative sample of human resource managers from 1,056 workplaces in Ontario with 50 or more employees. These same companies were contacted four years later in this 1992/93 survey. The main purpose of this survey was to examine how the nature and extent of work-place programs, such as Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), drug testing programs and Health Promotion Programs (HPPs), have changed over the past four years. When the 1,056 workplaces were contacted, a large number (254) had gone out of business or were ineligible to participate in the study for other reasons, which left 802 workplaces in the study. From these 802 workplaces, 647 completed the questionnaire, producing a response rate of 80.7%. The percentage of workplaces with EAPs increased dramatically from 16.1% in the 1989 survey to 32.0% in the 1993 survey. For workplaces that still had 50 or more employees in 1993, 39.4% had EAPs. The percentage of work sites with EAPs varied greatly among ten major work sectors. Government (51.4%) and health and education (45.7%) were most likely to have EAPs while retail trade (12.8%) and construction (3.3%) were least likely to have EAPs. In addition, larger unionized work sites were more likely to have EAPs.
T.S.S. Olympia, Dinner Menu, Saturday, November 2, 1963 (2nd copy) (1963)

Greek Line, T.S.S. Olympia. West Indies and South America Cruise. Lunch menu, Saturday, November 2, 1963.
Non-manifold level sets (2015)

Level sets have been established as highly versatile implicit surface representations, with widespread use in graphics applications including modeling and dynamic simulation. Nevertheless, level sets are often presumed to be limited, compared to explicit meshes, in their ability to represent domains with thin topological features (e.g. narrow slits and gaps) or, even worse, material overlap. Geometries with such features may arise from modeling tools that tolerate occasional self-intersections, fracture modeling algorithms that create narrow or zero-width cuts by design, or as transient states in collision processing pipelines for deformable objects. Converting such models to level sets can alter their topology if thin features are not resolved by the grid size. We argue that this ostensible limitation is not an inherent defect of the implicit surface concept, but a collateral consequence of the standard Cartesian lattice used to store the level set values. We propose storing signed distance values on a regular hexahedral mesh which can have multiple collocated cubic elements and non-manifold bifurcation to accommodate non-trivial topology. We show how such non-manifold level sets can be systematically generated from convenient alternative geometric representations. Finally we demonstrate how this representation can facilitate fast and robust treatment of self-collision in simulations of volumetric elastic deformable bodies.
Why Have Drug Treatments Been So Disappointing? (2003)

The title of this contribution involves two consecutive questions: have the effects of medication in autism indeed been disappointing? And if so, why? The answer to the first question depends on whether one focuses on the core social and communicative deficits of autism, or on various complicating behaviour problems. Attempts over the past decades to develop drugs that specifically improve social and communicative functioning have failed. Among the most ambitious attempts were medical interventions in the endogenous opioid system that were motivated from animal models on the involvement of this system in various aspects of social behaviour. By contrast, medications such as the newer antipsychotics, psychostimulants, presynaptic noradrenergic blocking agents (clonidine and guanfacine) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were shown to reduce impairing complicating symptoms of affective instability, irritability, hyperactivity and inattentiveness, aggression, self-injury and stereotypies. The explanation for the medication-refractory status of social and communicative deficits should be sought in at least two related factors: (1) the as yet unidentified neurochemical basis of autism, and (2) the obvious lack of involvement of the main neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin) in the pathophysiology of social and communicative behaviour.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbolithiation of Cinnamyldialkylamines. Stereochemistry of the Li to Zn Transmetalation and Configurational Stability of Benzylic Organozinc Halides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phloroglucinol derivatives of Dryopteris abbreviata. (1982)

The phloroglucinol derivatives of Dryopteris abbreviata (DC.) NEWMAN from Turkey, a member of the European D. filix-mas complex, were investigated. A known compound, flavaspidic acid PB (I), and three new compounds, designated as dimethylphlorobutyrophenone (II), abbreviatin PB (III) and trisabbreviatin BBB (IV), were isolated in addition to the already reported compounds, filixic acid, flavaspidic acid AB and abbreviatin BB (V). This is the first report of the occurrence of a series of phloroglucinol derivatives lacking the filicinic acid ring moiety, i.e., compounds II, III, IV and V, in European taxa of the D. filix-mas complex.
Bioinspired Cationic-Aromatic Copolymer for Strong and Reversible Underwater Adhesion (2022)

Developing new underwater glue adhesives with robust and repeatable adhesion to various surfaces is promising and useful in marine life and medical treatments. In this work, we developed a novel glue based on a copolymer with a cation-<i>co</i>-aromatic sequence where the cationic units contain both catechol and positively charged sites. The glue consists of a crosslinked copolymer of poly(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate-<i>co</i>-3-(5-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3 <i>N</i>-pentyl)imidazolium) bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide. Solidification of the glue, triggered by contact with water, undergoes a coacervation stage and causes a drastic growth of its mechanical properties over time. The glue demonstrates fast-developing, strong, and repeatable underwater adhesion to different materials and can maintain its strength for a long time. The adhesion strength tends to increase with the surface energy of the substrate material, to a maximum value of 160 kPa found in plywood. Experiments conducted in aqueous media with different pH and ionic strengths, including physiological conditions and seawater, showed an even stronger adhesion than that evolved in deionized water. Thus, the developed glue is a promising candidate for use in marine life, tissue adhesives, and other freshwater and saline water applications.
Direct Utilization of Methanol on Ceria-based Anodes for SOFC (2009)

Ceria-based anodes containing nickel, copper, or copper-cobalt were tested for the direct utilization of pure methanol in solid oxide fuel cells at 1073 K. Cell performance and stability was determined at conditions favorable to carbon deposition to verify whether carbon deposits caused irreversible damage to the anodic microstructure. Results indicated that both pyrolysis and catalytic decomposition of methanol are important processes for direct utilization operation. Cell performance with methanol was similar or higher than with humidified hydrogen. Better performance with alcohol was a consequence of the improved electronic conductivity in the presence of carbon deposits. No significant micro-structural changes were detected on the anodes despite the formation of carbon.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins induce histamine and leukotriene release in patients with atopic eczema (2001)

Histamine and leukotriene generation from atopic basophils stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxins may indicate a role for these toxins as possible allergens in at least a subgroup of patients with AE.
Radon Transforms for Vector Fields. (1996)

In the inversion in R 2 of the exponential Radon transform, a scalar function f is found from its integrals, with exponential weight functions, over lines. In this paper we demonstrate how to define two different kinds of exponential Radon transforms for vector fields in R 2 in a natural way. It is shown that having data from these exponential vectorial Radon transforms it is possible to reconstruct the vector field uniquely. The motivation to study these kinds of problems has been ultrasound measurements of AEows, from which velocity spectra along lines can be determined. The first moment of these
The Rest will be Familiar to you from Cinema (2019)

The Hamburg Plays presents two works written for Deutsches Schauspielhaus Hamburg and, as of publication, not yet staged in English. The Rest Will Be Familiar to You from Cinema rewrites Euripides' Phoenician Women. As Thebes braces itself for civil war, a group of terrify
Facile fabrication of magnetically separable graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light (2013)

Because of their potential application in the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy, the development of semiconductor photocatalysts that have high reactivity under visible light has received great attention. In the present work, we illustrate the design and fabrication of magnetically separable polymeric carbon nitride photocatalysts, i.e. Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts, a novel type of visible light driven photocatalyst with a cost-effective recovery manner. The obtained Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite catalysts with different Fe2O3 contents were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The saturation magnetization at 300 K varies from 0.37 to 1.56 emu g−1, depending on the different Fe2O3 contents (2.8–11.6 wt%) in the Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composites, clearly indicating the excellent magnetic separation characteristics of the as-prepared photocatalysts. Remarkably, the photocatalytic activity of the magnetic Fe2O3/g-C3N4 photocatalysts under visible light irradiation was increased up to 1.8 times for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation compared with the conventional pure g-C3N4 photocatalyst. A possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst was also proposed to guide the further improvement of their photocatalytic activity.
Technology-friendly phase-locked loops (2011)

This paper presents recent architectures of the phase-locked loop (PLL) systems which relax technology dependency and provide robust, low-cost frequency generation. The first part of the paper discusses architecture advantages of the dual-path PLL which significantly reduces loop bandwidth variation. The second part of the paper reviews recent hybrid PLL architectures which do not employ the time-to-digital converter (TDC) but still offer technology scalability and leakage current immunity.
Activation of NRF2 Signaling in HEK293 Cells by a First-in-Class Direct KEAP1-NRF2 Inhibitor (2015)

Under basal conditions, the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is bound to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) protein and targeted for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm. In response to cellular injury or chemical treatment, NRF2 dissociates from KEAP1 and activates the transcription of protective genes and defends against injury. LH601A is a first-in-class direct inhibitor of the KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LH601A activates NRF2 signaling in human kidney cells. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were treated with LH601A or the indirect NRF2 activator, sulforaphane (SFN) for 6 or 16 h. SFN and LH601A upregulated NRF2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (two- to sevenfold), thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) (twofold) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNAs (twofold). Both compounds also elevated HO-1 and TRX1 protein expression. Since NRF2 activation can protect tissues from injury, LH601A, a direct inhibitor of the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction may be used to defend against kidney injury and/or diseases.
A multiplex real-time PCR for differential detection and quantification of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis in meats (2009)

Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are the major causative agents of food-borne illnesses worldwide. Currently, a rapid detection system using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied for other food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. A multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., especially S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, in beef and pork. For the specific and sensitive multiplex real-time PCR, three representative primers and probes were designed based on sequence data from Genbank. Among the three DNA extraction methods (boiling, alkaline lysis, and QIAamp DNA Mini Kit), the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit was the most sensitive in this study. The optimized multiplex real-time PCR was applied to artificially inoculated beef or pork. The detection sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR was increased. The specificity of the multiplex real-time PCR assay, using 128 pure-cultured bacteria including 110 Salmonella isolates and 18 non-Salmonella isolates, was 100%, 100% and 99.1% for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The sensitivity was 100%, 100% and 91.7% for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The multiplex real-time PCR assay developed in this study could detect up to 0.54 +/- 0.09 and 0.65 +/- 0.07 log(10) CFU/ml for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for beef, 1.45 +/- 0.21 and 1.65 +/- 0.07 log(10) CFU/ml for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for pork, respectively, with all conditions optimized. Our results indicated that the multiplex real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Salmonella spp. and specifically differentiate S. Typhimurium from S. Enteritidis in meats.