gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells (2017)

Phthalate esters are plasticizers that impart flexibility to polvinylchloride plastics. As they are not covalently bound, they can leach from a wide range of products, including food containers, medical devices, clothing, and toys, leading to widespread environmental exposure. Phthalate toxicity has been linked to male infertility by disrupting testosterone production and testis development. Phthalates also impair proliferation and viability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), the role of which is to support lifelong spermatogenesis. To elucidate cellular mechanisms in spermatogonia affected by long-term phthalate exposure, we grafted primate testis tissue into mice. Grafts treated with di-<i>n</i>-butyl phthalate showed an increase in autophagy compared to controls. Short term <i>in vitro</i> exposure of porcine germ cells to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also resulted in an increase in autophagy. Viability was lower in cells exposed to phthalates, but treatment with rapamycin to induce autophagy significantly increased viability. The data suggests autophagy is triggered in spermatogonia as a response to a toxic insult, which may constitute a survival mechanism in spermatogonia.
Reduced Blinking and Long-Lasting Fluorescence of Single Fluorophores Coupling to Silver Nanoparticles (2008)

The fluorescence signal of single organic fluorophores is characterized by random blinking and irreversible photobleaching. Photoinduced blinking of Cy5 has posed various limitations of this popular near-infrared (NIR) probe in biological applications. Here we show that fluorophore-metal nanoparticle (NP) complexes greatly suppress Cy5 blinking and noticeably reduce photobleaching events. The blinking behavior of single Cy5 molecules was investigated and compared in the absence and the presence of silver nanostructures. A power-law distribution of off time population was observed for single Cy5 molecules. Average off times were compared to evaluate the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles on the triplet decay rates. We furthermore demonstrate enhanced photostability in the presence of silver NPs. The results show that plasmonic-controlled fluorescence can lead to a novel physical mechanism to enhance fluorescence intensity, reduce blinking, and increase photostability.
Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Double-Bond Configuration of Some Polyunsaturated Pheromones and Related Compounds (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Double-Bond Configuration of Some Polyunsaturated Pheromones and Related CompoundsAthula B. Attygalle, Ales. Svatos, Charles. Wilcox, and Simon. VoermanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 9, 1558–1567Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00105a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00105a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution (2011)

Electrocatalysts are essential for the development of active and durable fuel cells and hydrogen production technologies. Generally, electrochemical processes of energy conversion and hydrogen generation in a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) utilize precious metals, such as platinum, iridium and ruthenium, as electrocatalysts. For the methanol oxidation and oxygen evolution reaction, a bimetallic structure can be used to enhance kinetics and increase stability. It is desired to support electrocatalysts to disperse nanoparticles on the surface and promote better catalyst utilization. Traditionally, carbon has been used as an electrochemical support because it has a high surface area and high electrical conductivity. The problem with carbon is that it is not a very stable material and can corrode at voltages more than 0.9 V, affecting performance of the electrochemical reaction. Therefore, it would be useful to support electrocatalysts in a stable material with suitable conductivity Using titanium dioxide as a support can be advantageous due to its corrosion-resistant capability. TiO2 exhibit different crystalline structures, such as anatase and rutile, which can have an effect on catalytic activity. Unfortunately, it is not conductive; hence, it is not used in electrochemical applications. However, it can be doped with niobium to increase electronic conductivity; but, it usually come at the expense of surface area. In this work, TiO2 and Nb-TiO2 were studied as platinum/ruthenium and iridium/ruthenium nanoparticles supports for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol and oxygen evolution, respectively. Even though the conductivity of our supports was very low, adding a considerable loading of nanoparticles increased conductivity of the composite material (support + catalyst) to acceptable levels. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and direct methanol fuel cell tests creating a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), Pt-Ru supported on Nb-TiO2 and TiO2 showed superior activity over similar catalysts supported on carbon. Also, the supported electrocatalysts on anatase TiO2 were more active than supported on rutile for methanol electrooxidation. For the case of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), supported Ir:Ru nanoparticles had higher performance than unsupported metal and corresponding metal oxide. It is known that metal oxides are more durable than bare metals for OER. Performing durability studies in CV it was demonstrated that even the metal oxide Ir0.5Ru0.5O2 can degrade. However, when titanium was added to this metal oxide, the stability improved. Polarization experiments in a PEM water electrolyzer were tested for Ir0.45Ru0.45Ti0.10O2; and it was found a higher performance at current densities more than 1 A/cm2, compared to the Ir:Ru supported nanoparticles.
Two types of acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA): a time‐tested distinction (2000)

In 1982, acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) was included by the French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group in their classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the malignant potentiality of AISA has always been a matter of debate. In different series, median survival and rates of transformation into acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) varied extensively. On cytomorphological grounds, AISA can be divided into pure (dyserythropoietic) sideroblastic anaemia (PSA), in which dysplasia is confined to erythropoietic cells, and a true myelodysplastic form (RARS), which is characterized by additional dysplastic features of granulopoiesis and/or megakaryopoiesis. In a previous study, based on retrospective analysis of 94 patients with AISA, we found that both types of sideroblastic anaemia differed considerably in terms of survival and risk of AML transformation. Almost identical results have now been obtained through a prospective study of 232 new patients with AISA. The difference in survival between PSA and RARS remained significant over the whole period of follow-up (survival after 3 years being 77% vs. 56%; P = 0.003), and the incidence of AML did not increase with time in the PSA group, even in the long term. This prospective study strongly supported our conclusion that cytomorphological distinction between PSA and RARS provides valuable prognostic information.
Cystatin C: A potential surrogate biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Currently, disease management is hindered by a lengthy diagnostic process which is based heavily on clinical criteria. A reliable panel of biomarkers is needed in order to accelerate the diagnosis of this disease and aid in monitoring its progression. We have previously reported proteomic evidence supporting a reduction of Cystatin C protien levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients relative to controls. In this study, we have evaluated the potential of Cystatin C as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker by assessing its expression over the course of disease progression. We used a quantitative ELISA to evaluate Cystatin C concentration in both CSF and plasma at multiple time points following ALS symptom onset. Cystatin C levels in both fluids were found to correlate strongly with clinical measures of disease progression. This correlation was maintained during transient functional improvements observed in some patients during drug trial participation. Additionally, expression patterns were observed to vary between specific subpopulations of ALS patients. These data support the utility of Cystatin C as both a diagnostic biomarker and a surrogate biomarker for monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Funded by: University of Pittsburgh Center for ALS Research
Arthroscopically assisted treatment of tibial plateau fractures (2004)

Abstract We present a new technique for arthroscopically assisted treatment of tibial plateau fractures using custom‐made instruments designed for this technique. An impactor was modified so that its tip was concave to enable grasping of the cancellous bone; thus, there is always relatively thick, compressed cancellous bone between a depressed fragment and the tip of the impactor throughout the reduction maneuver. In this way, the risk of the tip of the impactor protruding into the joint space by mistake is eliminated and an accurate and quick reduction of depressed fragments is possible without using fluoroscopy.
A hierarchical segmentation model for the lung and the inter-costal parenchymal regions of chest radiographs (2003)

A hierarchical image model is used for segmenting chest radiographs. First, we use an active shape model (ASM) to segment the lungs. Then, using the segmented lung, we initialize the segmentation of the inter-costal parenchyma regions, using another four ASM models. We have found that the overall segmentation system is robust, and has been able to adapt to variations in lung height and in the number of inter-costal parenchyma regions.
SmartSiren (2007)

Smartphones have recently become increasingly popular because they provide "all-in-one" convenience by integrating traditional mobile phones with handheld computing devices. However, the flexibility of running third-party softwares also leaves the smartphones open to malicious viruses. In fact, hundreds of smartphone viruses have emerged in the past two years, which can quickly spread through various means such as SMS/MMS, Bluetooth and traditional IP-based applications. Our own implementations of two proof-of-concept viruses on Windows Mobile have confirmed the vulnerability of this popular smartphone platform.
SYNTHESIS OF RGD CONTAINING PEPTIDES. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THEIR INCORPORATION TO THE SURFACE OF 5-FLUORURIDINE LOADED LIPOSOMES (2001)

The synthesis on solid phase of a peptide sequence (GGRGRS) related to an integrin adhesion site as well as the preparation of some hydrophobic derivatives is described. The incorporation of these peptides to the surface of liposomes was carried out either through the NGPE (N-glutaryl dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline) carboxyl-group or mixing hydrophobic peptide derivatives with lipids since the beginning of the process. The influence of these factors on the entrapment yield of 5-FUR (5-fluorouridine) was determined. Best results, calculated as percentage of drug encapsulation, were obtained when the peptide was linked to preformed liposomes via an NGPE-amide bond. On the contrary, the presence of these hydrophobic peptides on the bilayers decreases the overall yield of encapsulation of 5-FUR. Nevertheless, considering drug/lipid relationship and scaling-up requirements it seems that the use of myristoyl peptide derivative should be the procedure of choice. Physicochemical studies carried out with the peptides indicated that the presence of hydrophobic moieties linked to the parent peptide increases the tendency to self aggregation as detected through fluorescence studies using DPH (1, 6 diphenyl hexatriene) as marker, reducing in this way the efficiency of incorporation of hydrophobic peptides to the surface of liposomes.
CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis (2020)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Class of Functionalized Chiral Bisphospholane Ligands and the Application in Enantioselective Hydrogenations. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Facile approach to prepare loose-packed NiO nano-flakes materials for supercapacitors (2008)

The nickel oxide nano-flakes materials prepared by a facile approach maintain high power density at high rates of discharge and have excellent cycle life, suggesting their potential application in supercapacitors.
Study on the colonoscopic features of GVHD enteritis that developed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (2007)

When patients who have undergone HSCT develop refractory diarrhea, many biopsy specimens from the entire colon should be obtained on colonoscopic examination for histopathologic detection of GVHD enteritis.
A CMOS integrated timing discriminator circuit for fast scintillation counters (1998)

Based on a zero-crossing discriminator using a CR differentiation network for pulse shaping, a new CMOS integrated timing discriminator circuit is proposed for fast (t/sub r//spl ges/2 ns) scintillation counters at the cooler synchrotron COSY-Julich. By eliminating the input signal's amplitude information by means of an analog continuous-time divider, a normalized pulse shape at the zero-crossing point is gained over a wide dynamic input amplitude range. In combination with an arming comparator and a monostable multivibrator this yields in a highly precise timing discriminator circuit, that is expected to be useful in different time measurement applications. First measurement results of a CMOS integrated logarithmic amplifier, which is part of the analog continuous-time divider, agree well with the corresponding simulations. Moreover, SPICE simulations of the integrated discriminator circuit promise a time walk well below 200 ps (FWHM) over a 40 dB input amplitude dynamic range.
Real-time interactive planning for radiotherapy of head and neck cancer with volumetric modulated arc therapy (2019)

Incorporating RTIP into clinical workflows may increase both planning efficiency and OAR sparing.
Galectin-3 in Ambulatory Patients With Heart Failure (2011)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00047437.
Interfacial synthesis of hollow microspheres of mesostructured silica (2001)

Hollow microspheres with ordered mesoporous walls are synthesised under ambient conditions by a simple procedure involving dilution and neutralisation of an aqueous tetraethoxysilane/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide reaction mixture.
SEQUENCING OF THE PHYLLOXERA RESISTANCE LOCUS RDV1 OF CULTIVAR 'BÖRNER' (2014)

Cultivar ‘Borner’, an interspecific cross of Vitis riparia Gm 183 and V. cinerea Arnold, is a phylloxera root resistant rootstock showing neither tuberosity nor nodosity symptoms. The Rdv1 locus, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) localized on chromosome 13, correlates with the resistance phenotype. In order to identify the responsible gene(s) for this trait a high density genetic map was established for this region deducing STS markers from the V. vinifera genome sequence. For physical mapping a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with the STS markers of the Rdv1 locus. The isolated clones were used to build up a minimal tiling path for the V. cinerea haplotype covering almost the entire locus. The BACs were sequenced, contigs assembled and finishing accomplished using the PN40024 genome sequence as a reference. Small final gaps were closed by sequencing of PCR products. Comparison of the 350 kb Rdv1 sequence with the V. vinifera sequence of PN40024 revealed a conserved gene order even for the small RGA cluster located in the middle of the sequence of both genomes. However, between these RGA clusters a low sequence homology and larger structural rearrangements within the RGAs and repetitive transposon fragments were observed. Therefore, the NBS-LRR-like genes located in the RGA cluster of the Rdv1 locus are favourable candidate genes for the phylloxera resistance of rootstock ‘Borner’.
Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Redox-Active Metabolites from Biological Matrices (2003)

Studies in many areas of biology are hampered by the complexity of the system being studied. This suggests that such areas of study could benefit from the development and application of new and more powerful analytical tools. Traditionally, investigators have chosen analytical methods that offer sensitivity and specificity, ultimately fitting collected results into an overall global picture or an evolving theory. This approach has been effective for the study of disorders manifested by a single etiology or disorders where prior knowledge indicates a clear or probable mechanism. The approach has proven less satisfying, however, when applied to complex systems with many unknown influences. Factors such as the time and cost involved in sorting through myriad possibilities as well as biological constraints (e.g., sample-size constraints) have limited analysis carried out in such complex systems. A related, although distinct, problem lies in the inability to simultaneously measure a series of related metabolites even after the relevance of the metabolic system has been identified.
Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Historic Overview (2020)

Vitamin D and all its metabolites are bound to a specific vitamin D binding protein, DBP. This protein was originally first discovered by its worldwide polymorphism and called Group-specific Component (GC). We now know that DBP and GC are the same protein and appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates. DBP is genetically the oldest member of the albuminoid family (including albumin, α-fetoprotein and afamin, all involved in transport of fatty acids or hormones). DBP has a single binding site for all vitamin D metabolites and has a high affinity for 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D, thereby creating a large pool of circulating 25OHD, which prevents rapid vitamin D deficiency. DBP of higher vertebrates (not amphibians or reptiles) binds with very high affinity actin, thereby preventing the formation of polymeric actin fibrils in the circulation after tissue damage. Megalin is a cargo receptor and is together with cubilin needed to reabsorb DBP or the DBP-25OHD complex, thereby preventing the urinary loss of these proteins and 25OHD. The total concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in DBP null mice or humans are extremely low but calcium and bone homeostasis remain normal. This is the strongest argument for claiming that the "free hormone hypothesis" also applies to the vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D. DBP also transports fatty acids, and can play a role in the immune system. DBP is genetically very polymorphic with three frequent alleles (DBP/GC 1f, 1s, and 2) but in total more than 120 different variants but its health consequences, if any, are not understood. A standardization of DBP assays is essential to further explore the role of DBP in physiology and diseases.
Overexpression of Catalase in Myeloid Cells Causes Impaired Postischemic Neovascularization (2011)

MLC-derived H(2)O(2) plays a key role in promoting neovascularization in response to ischemia and is a necessary factor for the development of ischemia-induced inflammation.