gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorimetry (2009)

Abstract We live in a very colorful world. Modern materials provide us with products in a multitude of colors that could only have been dreamt of in the past. Scientist and technicians use colorimetry, the measurement of color, to ensure that consumers get the colors that they are expecting to get consistently over time. In colorimetry, we try to simulate the human experience to quantify and control color. Color perception depends upon the light source illuminating an object, the pigments and dyes used in manufacturing the object, the eye of the observer whose impulses are translated by the brain as a color. To simulate color perception, standardized illuminants (mathematical light sources) were defined and color‐matching functions (simulating the eye‐brain combination) were experimentally derived. Spectrophotometers are used to characterize objects. An object may absorb light, scatter and reflect light, and/or transmit light. Spectrophotometers measure the reflectance and/or transmittance of the object at given wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Perceptual color coordinates of the object can be calculated for the spectrophotometric measurements. Colorimeters determine color coordinates directly during the measurement using broadband spectral devices. Special techniques are required to measure fluorescent samples that not only reflect light but emit light. Measuring materials containing traditional colorants and metallic flakes require instruments with multiple viewing angles. Measuring materials containing interference pigments require instruments with multiple illumination angles and multiple viewing angles. Measuring lamps and other light emitters require spectral radiometers and radiometric colorimeters.
Determination of Sugars in Beet and Cane Final Molasses by Ion Chromatography: Collaborative Study (1997)

Abstract A collaborative study of an ion chromatographic tech’ nique of high-performance anion-exchange with pulsed amperometric detection has been completed. The procedure was used to determine sucrose, glucose, and fructose in 8 cane molasses samples and sucrose in 5 beet molasses samples. Eleven laboratories took part in the study. Repeatability and reproducibility values for sucrose, glucose, and fructose were excellent for both types of samples. All criteria for accepting the method for sugars in both beet and cane molasses were met. The ion chromatographic method for determination of sugars in beet and cane final molasses has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Low-glucose enhances keratocyte-characteristic phenotype from corneal stromal cells in serum-free conditions (2015)

The avascular cornea is a uniquely-isolated organ, with its stroma constituting a nutrient-poor environment. Consequently, the availability of metabolites such as glucose to corneal stromal cells is considerably reduced compared with other tissues, or indeed with media commonly used to culture these cells in vitro. However, the role of glucose in the behaviour of human corneal keratocytes has been overlooked. As such, we sought to investigate the effects of low-glucose formulations on the phenotype of human corneal stromal cells. Cells cultured in low-glucose were able to survive for extended periods when compared to high-glucose, serum-free conditions. Furthermore, low-glucose enhanced their reversal to a keratocyte-characteristic phenotype. Specifically, cells within low-glucose medium assumed dendritic morphologies, with bean-shaped condensed nuclei, absence of alpha-smooth muscle actin or stress fibres, and a corresponding reduction in migratory and contractile activities when compared with high-glucose, serum-free conditions. Moreover, cells within low-glucose uniquely recovered the ability to express a robust keratocyte-characteristic marker, CD34, while still expressing elevated levels of other representative phenotypic markers such as keratocan, lumican, ALDH1A1, and ALDH3A1. These results indicate that low-glucose enhances keratocyte-characteristic phenotype above and beyond established media formulations and thus has important implications for corneal biology in health and disease.
Overground and walkway ambulation with unilateral hip osteoarthritis: comparison of step length asymmetries and reproducibility of treadmill mounted force plate readings (2006)

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the degree of step length asymmetry of patients with hip osteoarthritis during free walking and treadmill ambulation and to determine the reproducibility of treadmill based vertical ground reaction force parameters. Twelve subjects with monoarticular hip osteoarthritis undergoing total hip replacement surgery were assessed preoperatively. The assessed parameters were step length, maximal forces at heel strike and push off minimum force, force inclining and declining rate and relative stance time. The results indicated significant step length differences when comparing overground and treadmill ambulation. The extent of step length asymmetry did not have a consistent expression in different gait conditions. The study demonstrated sufficient intraday reliability for mean GRF measurements. While comparing data from treadmill and walkway locomotion of patients with osteoarthritis it should be taken into account that the amount of step length asymmetry is not identical. Patients with gait disabilities seem to have a somewhat lower level of repeatability and it appears that an increased number of practice or acclimatization trials are necessary.
Encapsulation of selenium in porous hollow carbon spheres for advanced lithium–selenium batteries (2014)

Porous hollow carbon spheres (PHCSs) were synthesized by a simple template method. After selenium encapsulation, the Se/C composite showed excellent electrochemical performance, ascribed to the good electronic and porous hollow-structured properties of PHCSs.
Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of Nitroolefins Catalyzed by an Aluminum(III) Salen Complex (2014)

Abstract Chiral Al III salen complexes were synthesized and used as catalysts for the asymmetric hydrocyanation of nitroolefins using 4‐phenylpyridine N ‐oxide as an additive and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) as a source of cyanide. An excellent yield of β‐nitronitrile (87 %) and enantioselectivity (90 %) were achieved if (2‐nitrovinyl)cyclohexane was used as a substrate at −15 °C in 16 h. To understand the interaction of the Al III salen complex and additive, NMR and IR spectroscopic studies revealed that 4‐phenylpyridine N ‐oxide acts both as an axial ligand and helps to activate the cyanide source TMSCN, which thereby increases the reactivity. A catalytic cycle was proposed based on the spectroscopic studies.
Reliability Modeling for Metallized Film Capacitors Based on Time-Varying Stress Mission Profile and Aging of ESR (2020)

Metallized film capacitor (MFC) is one of the key components in power electronic converters, accounting for a large proportion of failures. However, the time-varying external stress in long-term mission profile and time-varying internal stress due to the degradation of MFC are not well described by the conventional reliability evaluation method, which leads to a large deviation between the evaluation results and the engineering practices. Therefore, an improved reliability evaluation method considering time-varying stress mission profile and aging process for MFC is proposed. First, this article analyzes the influence of harmonics and provides a more accurate lifetime model under constant stress condition, compared with the conventional method. Second, the subsection integral accumulated damage model is proposed to transform the long-term time-varying stress mission profile to the short-term ideal constant stress condition, solving the reliability evaluation under time-varying external stress condition. And then, an improved aging model is proposed to describe the nonlinear variation of equivalent series resistance (ESR) and internal temperature rise due to the degradation process of MFC. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation is applied to analyze the difference of individual capacitor, obtaining lifetime distribution. Finally, a practical application example of modular multilevel converter (MMC) system is implemented to verify the superiority of the improved method.
Relationship between Apple Ripening and Browning: Changes in Polyphenol Content and Polyphenol Oxidase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationship between Apple Ripening and Browning: Changes in Polyphenol Content and Polyphenol OxidaseMasatsune Murata, Mie Tsurutani, Masami Tomita, Seiichi Homma, and Katsuyoshi KanekoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 5, 1115–1121Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00053a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2254Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Do Symptoms Predict Cardiac Arrhythmias and Mortality in Patients With Syncope? (1999)

Symptoms, although important in assigning many noncardiac causes, are not useful in risk-stratifying patients whose cause of syncope cannot be identified by other history and physical examination. Triage decisions and management plans should be based on pre-existing cardiac disease or electrocardiographic abnormalities, which are important predictors of arrhythmic syncope and mortality.
A compact square-cell ESD structure for BiCMOS IC (2003)

Design of a compact square-cell, dual-direction ESD protection structure for BiCMOS ICs is reported. Detailed design features, such as, improved current uniformity, high-ESD protection level (>14 kV HBM), high-ESDV/Si ratio (/spl sim/1.66 V//spl mu/m/sup 2/), and adjustable trigger voltage are discussed.
Radiometric Accuracy Assessment of LANDSAT-4 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Data (1984)

Standard LANDSAT-4 MSS digital image data were analyzed for geometric accuracy using two P-format (UTM projection) images of the Washington, D.C. area, scene day 109 (ID number 4010915140) and scene day 125 (ID number 4012515144). Both scenes were tested for geodetic registration accuracy (scene-to-map), temporal registration accuracy (scene-to-scene), and band-to-band registration accuracy (within a scene). The combined RMS error for geodetic registration accuracy was 0.43 pixel (25.51 meters), well within specifications. The comparison between the 2 scenes was made on a band-by-band basis. The 90 percent error figure for temporal registration was 0.68 (57x57) pixel (38.8 meters). Although this figure is larger than the specification, it can be considered excellent with respect to user application. The best case registration errors between bands 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 were 14.2m and 13.7m, respectively, both within specifications. The worst case registration error was 38.0 m between bands 2 and 3.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION PROCESS. (1963)

A photopolymerizable composition on paper base containing the light-se sitive ferric salt of meta-hydroxymandelic acid produces a greenishblack resist during immersion in H2O2. Intensity of color obtained is proportional to the period of exposure. Durohydroquinone acts as a percompound substitute in photopolymerizable solutions and coated lay rs. It behaves as such in both acid and alkaline solution, but converts O into H2O2 only at pH 8 and above. Stable photopolymerizable compositions containing both ceric oxalate and manganic oxalate were prepared. Requirements include (a) a binder free of hydroxyl groups, i.e., polyvinylpyrrolidone and (b) t ubstitution of K oxalate for oxalic acid in the formulation. Comparisons were made of minimum exposure times required to produce resists with different bi ders. Shorter exposure periods were requir for hydro yet yl cellulose coati gs t an for gelatin coatings--independent of the photocatalyst. The dry photopolymer printout system containing a polymer precipitant can be stabilized after image-wise exposure by several techniques. (Author)
Influence of Patient Characteristics and Psychological Needs on Diabetes Mobile App Usability in Adults With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Crossover Randomized Trial (Preprint) (2018)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> More than 1100 diabetes mobile apps are available, but app usage by patients is low. App usability may be influenced by patient factors such as age, sex, and psychological needs. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> Guided by Self-Determination Theory, the purposes of this study were to (1) assess the effect of patient characteristics on app usability, and (2) determine whether patient characteristics and psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and connectivity)—important for motivation in diabetes care—are associated with app usability. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Using a crossover randomized design, 92 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes tested two Android apps (mySugr and OnTrack) for seven tasks including data entry, blood glucose (BG) reporting, and data sharing. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between patient characteristics, psychological needs, user satisfaction, and user performance (task time, success, and accuracy). </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Participants had a mean age of 54 (range 19-74) years, and were predominantly white (62%, 57/92), female (59%, 54/92), with type 2 diabetes (70%, 64/92), and had education beyond high school (67%, 61/92). Participants rated an overall user satisfaction score of 62 (SD 18), which is considered marginally acceptable. The satisfaction mean score for each app was 55 (SD 18) for mySugr and 68 (SD 15) for OnTrack. The mean task completion time for all seven tasks was 7 minutes, with a mean task success of 82% and an accuracy rate of 68%. Higher user satisfaction was observed for patients with less education (P=.04) and those reporting more competence (P=.02), autonomy (P=.006), or connectivity with a health care provider (P=.03). User performance was associated with age, sex, education, diabetes duration, and autonomy. Older patients required more time (95% CI 1.1-3.2) and had less successful task completion (95% CI 3.5-14.3%). Men needed more time (P=.01) and more technical support than women (P=.04). High school education or less was associated with lower task success (P=.003). Diabetes duration of ≥10 years was associated with lower task accuracy (P=.02). Patients who desired greater autonomy and were interested in learning their patterns of BG and carbohydrates had greater task success (P=.049). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Diabetes app usability was associated with psychological needs that are important for motivation. To enhance patient motivation to use diabetes apps for self-management, clinicians should address competence, autonomy, and connectivity by teaching BG pattern recognition and lifestyle planning, customizing BG targets, and reviewing home-monitored data via email. App usability could be improved for older male users and those with less education and greater diabetes duration by tailoring app training and providing ongoing technical support. </sec>
Is muscle afferent contribution to the soleus muscle activity decreased during human spastic walking (2005)

8P, No. C14
Coding Techniques for Repairability in Networked Distributed Storage Systems (2013)

The most commonly deployed multi-storage device systems are RAID housed in a single computing unit. The idea of distributing data across multiple disks has been naturally extended to multiple storage nodes which are interconnected over a network and are called Networked Distributed Storage Systems (NDSS). The simplest coding techniques based on replication are often used to ensure redundancy in these systems, but given the sheer volume of data that needs to be stored and the overheads of replication, other coding techniques are being developed. Coding Techniques for Repairability in Networked Distributed Storage Systems (NDSS) surveys coding techniques for NDSS, which aim at achieving (1) fault tolerance efficiently and (2) good repairability characteristics to replenish the lost redundancy, and ensure data durability over time. This is a vibrant are of research and this book is the first overview which presents the background required to understand the problems as well as covering the most important techniques currently being developed. Coding Techniques for Repairability in Networked Distributed Storage Systems is essential reading for all researchers and engineers involved in designing and researching computer storage systems.
Pleurectomy, intrapleural cisplatin and interferon followed by systemic carboplatin plus interferon in malignant pleural mesothelioma (1996)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma has a dismal prognosis and median survival rarely exceeds 12 months. Since multimodality therapy initially showed promising results, we tested the feasibility of a new approach consisting of pleurectomy, immediately followed by intrapleural chemotherapy with cisplatin (100 mg/m(2) day 1) and alpha-interferon (12x10(6) U/m(2) days 1 and 2), followed by 4 cycles of carboplatin, 350 mg/m(2), repeated every 3 weeks and associated to alpha-interferon (3x10(6) U/x3/week). Fourteen patients have been submitted to the protocol and are evaluable for side effects. All patients had surgery and intrapleural chemotherapy, and 4 patients also had systemic chemotherapy. No treatment-related deaths have been observed. Major postoperative complications included chest tube air leak >7 days (1 pt). Intracavitary chemo-immunotherapy-related toxicity was responsible for 7 cases of grade I nephro-toxicity and 2 cases of grade I fever. Grade I-II toxicity from systemic chemotherapy included asthenia (2 cases), fever (3 cases), anemia (2 cases) and neutropenia (2 cases). Grade III-IV toxicity included asthenia (1 case), anemia (2 cases), neutropenia (2 cases) and fever (1 case). Two cases required interruption of systemic chemotherapy for intolerance. Based on these data, systemic chemotherapy has been stopped. In conclusion, our results indicate that pleurectomy plus intra-cavitary cisplatin and interferon is feasible. Since systemic chemotherapy is correlated with severe side effects, a phase II trial with surgery plus intrapleural treatment alone is ongoing.
Real-Time Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Early-Stage Clinical Evaluation (2022)

Artificial intelligence is set to be deployed in operating rooms to improve surgical care. This early-stage clinical evaluation shows the feasibility of concurrently attaining real-time, high-quality predictions from several deep neural networks for endoscopic video analysis deployed for assistance during three laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
Blood Pressure Among Active Professional and Draft-Eligible College Football (NFL) Players (2010)

PURPOSE: Our recent study of active professional football players identified elevated blood pressures across all positions and races. Our objectives were to confirm the presence of elevated blood pressure among active NFL players and NFL draft-eligible college football players, and assess differences by position, race, and cohort. METHODS: The study population included NFL draft-eligible college football players (n=323) and active veteran players from 26 NFL teams (n=1477) during the NFL Combine in February 2009 and team examinations in May-July 2009, respectively. Three blood pressure measurements were collected during physical exams using a validated, automated cuff. Data were compared with young men in the general US population (CARDIA study, a population-based observational study of 1959 participants aged 23 to 35 years recruited in 1985-1986). RESULTS: Combine participants (mean age: 22.1 years) and NFL players (26.5 years) had a mean blood pressure of 124/69 mmHg (95% CI: 123-125/69-70) and 124/73 mmHg (95% CI: 123-124/73-74), respectively. The prevalence of hypertension/pre-hypertension was 7%/59% and 9%/55%, respectively. Among CARDIA participants, mean blood pressure was 112/72 mmHg with 6% hypertension and 24% pre-hypertension. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ranged from a low of 121 mmHg (wide receivers) to 127 mmHg (offensive line) in active players and 121 mmHg (linebackers) to 127 mmHg (quarterbacks) in college players. There were no significant differences in SBP between blacks (124 mmHg) and whites (126 mmHg) at the Combine or among active players (blacks: 124 mmHg; whites: 124 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressures among both college and professional football players were similarly elevated. This suggests that college football players enter the NFL with elevated blood pressures, which do not rise during their playing career. Further, there were no blood pressure differences between blacks and whites at either level of play. This finding is surprising given the long-held belief about higher blood pressures among blacks in the general population.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Sebaceous Carcinoma with Anti‐Keratin Monoclonal Antibodies: Comparison with Other Skin Cancers (1994)

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of six cases of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically with eight anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies, 34 beta B4, 35 beta H11, Ks13.1, Ks19.1, PKK1, LP34, KL1 and AE1. The staining patterns of sebaceous carcinoma were compared with those of normal sebaceous glands and other skin cancers which should be distinguished from sebaceous carcinoma histopathologically. The other skin cancers compared were eccrine porocarcinoma, malignant clear cell hidradenoma, extramammary Paget's disease with underlying adenocarcinoma, malignant trichilemmoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Most cases of sebaceous carcinoma were stained with 35 beta H11, Ks19.1, LP34, KL1 and AE1, while normal sebaceous glands were positive only with 35 beta H11, LP34, KL1 and AE1. By immunostaining, sebaceous carcinoma was distinguishable from extramammary Paget's disease with underlying adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant trichilemmoma, and eccrine porocarcinoma, but was not clearly distinguishable from malignant clear cell hidradenoma. These findings demonstrate that sebaceous carcinoma shows positive reactions with antibodies to simple epithelial keratin, probably as a result of neoplastic transformation, and that immunohistochemical examination using anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies is useful in distinguishing sebaceous carcinoma from several other skin cancers.