gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel noninvasive ICP monitoring device in patients undergoing invasive ICP monitoring: preliminary results (2017)

OBJECTIVE There is no established method of noninvasive intracranial pressure (NI-ICP) monitoring that can serve as an alternative to the gold standards of invasive monitoring with external ventricular drainage or intraparenchymal monitoring. In this study a new method of NI-ICP monitoring performed using algorithms to determine ICP based on acoustic properties of the brain was applied in patients undergoing invasive ICP (I-ICP) monitoring, and the results were analyzed. METHODS In patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage who were undergoing treatment in a neurocritical intensive care unit, the authors recorded ICP using the gold standard method of invasive external ventricular drainage or intraparenchymal monitoring. In addition, the authors simultaneously measured the ICP noninvasively with a device (the HS-1000) that uses advanced signal analysis algorithms for acoustic signals propagating through the cranium. To assess the accuracy of the NI-ICP method, data obtained using both I-ICP and NI-ICP monitoring methods were analyzed with MATLAB to determine the statistical significance of the differences between the ICP measurements obtained using NI-ICP and I-ICP monitoring. RESULTS Data were collected in 14 patients, yielding 2543 data points of continuous parallel ICP values in recordings obtained from I-ICP and NI-ICP. Each of the 2 methods yielded the same number of data points. For measurements at the ≥ 17-mm Hg cutoff, which was arbitrarily chosen for this preliminary analysis, the sensitivity and specificity for the NI-ICP monitoring were found to be 0.7541 and 0.8887, respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated that there was a strong positive relationship between the measurements. Differential pressure between NI-ICP and I-ICP was within ± 3 mm Hg in 63% of data-paired readings and within ± 5 mm Hg in 85% of data-paired readings. The receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve was 0.895, corresponding to the overall performance of NI-ICP monitoring in comparison with I-ICP monitoring. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first clinical data on the accuracy of the HS-1000 NI-ICP monitor, which uses advanced signal analysis algorithms to evaluate properties of acoustic signals traveling through the brain in patients undergoing I-ICP monitoring. The findings of this study highlight the capability of this NI-ICP device to accurately measure ICP noninvasively. Further studies should focus on clinical validation for elevated ICP values.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): (2012)

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Rich man and Lazarus Asymmetric Endowments in Public-Good Experiments (2013)

We compare voluntary contributions to a public good in a symmetric setting to those in a weakly and a strongly asymmetric setting, where the players have different, randomly allocated endowments. We observe that the group-contribution levels are not significantly different between the symmetric and the weakly asymmetric setting. In both situations, participants tend to contribute the same proportion of their respective endowment. In the strongly asymmetric situation, where one of the players has a higher endowment than the three other players together, we observe a significantly lower group contribution than in the other situations. The rich player in this situation does not contribute significantly more than the average contribution of the poor players and thus contributes a significantly lower proportion of the endowment. This player is not as greedy as the rich man in the parable but leaves not more than breadcrumbs to the poor players.
Nanostructured dye solar cells on flexible substrates-Review (2009)

This review presents an overview of the current state of research on nanostructured titanium dioxide dye solar cells (DSCs) on alternative substrates to glass. Replacing the traditionally used heavy, rigid, and expensive glass substrate with materials such as plastic foils or metal sheets is crucial to enable large volume cost-efficient roll-to-roll type industrial scale manufacturing of the cells and to make this solar cell technology properly competitive with silicon and thin film photovoltaic devices. One of the biggest problems with plastic substrates is their low-temperature tolerance, which makes sintering of the photoelectrode films impossible, whereas with metals, their corrosion resistance against the iodine-containing electrolyte typically used in DSCs limits the amount of metal materials suitable for substrates. However, significant progress has been made in developing new materials, electrode film deposition and post-treatment methods suitable for low-temperature processing. Also, metals that do not corrode in the presence of iodine electrolyte have been found and successfully employed as DSC substrates. The highest power conversion efficiencies obtained with plastic and metal substrates are already 7–9%, which is not far from the best glass cell efficiencies, 10–11%, and comparable also to, for example, amorphous silicon solar cell efficiencies. One of the most important of the remaining research challenges of DSCs on flexible substrates is to ensure that the long-term stability of the cells is realistic to consumer applications, for example, with providing efficient enough encapsulation to prevent water and other impurities penetration into the cells. Degradation mechanisms specific to metal-based cells are another issue that needs deeper understanding still. More exotic approaches such as depositing the DSC structure on optical fiber or employing carbon nanomaterials to increase the cell efficiency are also discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment Decision Making in Patients with Bladder Cancer (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Each stage of bladder cancer involves varying treatment issues and concerns that are discussed between patients and providers during the pre-treatment consultation. There is no documentation of how patients engage in decision making. <b>Objective:</b> To describe aspects of treatment decision making perceived by patients with bladder cancer using qualitative analysis of data from individual interviews. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with any stage bladder cancer were recruited from urology and medical oncology services at a comprehensive cancer center. A qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was applied. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. Coding of the transcripts was conducted by research team members, discussed for consensus and major themes derived. <b>Results:</b> 45 men and 15 women, the majority college educated, were recruited. Where to receive care, including from whom, was the initial and major decision. Challenges of decisions regarding urinary reconstruction were dominant. Personal characteristics, including age and being active, were considered. Participants with early stage tumors (<i>n</i> = 28) typically perceived only one treatment option and followed the physician's recommendation. The 18 participants with stage II-III were aware of multiple options. In 14 stage IV participants, balancing quality of life and outcomes between treatments was common to the decision process. <b>Conclusions:</b> For this educated sample with bladder cancer, recruited at a comprehensive cancer center, the major decision was to seek treatment at a location with the highest level of physician expertise. Personal preferences informed decisions surrounding bladder reconstruction. Further research will be conducted in a diverse sample of patients making decisions in a non-urban, community setting.
Photoelectrochemistry of Composite Semiconductor Thin Films. Photosensitization of SnO2/CdS Coupled Nanocrystallites with a Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex (1997)

The charge injection from an excited Ru(II) complex (viz., (Ru(bpy)2(L))2+, where L = 4-(2,2‘-bipyrid-4-yl)phenyl diphosphonate) into SnO2 and SnO2/CdS films is investigated to elucidate the beneficial effect of composite semiconductor systems. The electrons injected from excited Ru(II) into CdS are transferred quickly into SnO2 nanoclusters, thus promoting the charge separation. Photoelectrochemical measurements suggest improved photon to photocurrent charge carrier generation efficiency in the SnO2/CdS composite system. The formation of the oxidation product, Ru(III), and the recovery of the sensitizer are investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy. The rate constant for the back electron transfer in the SnO2/CdS/Ru(II) composite system is slower by a factor of 2−3 than the one observed in the SnO2/Ru(II) system. The beneficial aspects of composite semiconductor systems in photochemical solar cells are presented.
Interactive Debug of SoCs with Multiple Clocks (2011)

Systems with elaborate multiple clock distributions are a necessity, and the authors address the postfabrication debug of such multiclock systems. Solutions, based on the authors' communication-centric debug approach, are presented that achieve a consistent snapshot of the system state and force the erroneous state in the face of nondeterminism.
Differential Regulation of Elastic Fiber Formation by Fibulin-4 and -5 (2009)

Fibulin-4 and -5 are extracellular glycoproteins with essential non-compensatory roles in elastic fiber assembly. We have determined how they interact with tropoelastin, lysyl oxidase, and fibrillin-1, thereby revealing how they differentially regulate assembly. Strong binding between fibulin-4 and lysyl oxidase enhanced the interaction of fibulin-4 with tropoelastin, forming ternary complexes that may direct elastin cross-linking. In contrast, fibulin-5 did not bind lysyl oxidase strongly but bound tropoelastin in terminal and central regions and could concurrently bind fibulin-4. Both fibulins differentially bound N-terminal fibrillin-1, which strongly inhibited their binding to lysyl oxidase and tropoelastin. Knockdown experiments revealed that fibulin-5 controlled elastin deposition on microfibrils, although fibulin-4 can also bind fibrillin-1. These experiments provide a molecular account of the distinct roles of fibulin-4 and -5 in elastic fiber assembly and how they act in concert to chaperone cross-linked elastin onto microfibrils.
Model reaction pathways in Kraft lignin pyrolysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel reaction pathways in Kraft lignin pyrolysisFrancis P. Petrocelli and Michael T. KleinCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2, 161–169Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00132a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00132a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gated electron transfer: when are observed rates controlled by conformational interconversion? (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGated electron transfer: when are observed rates controlled by conformational interconversion?Brian M. Hoffman and Mark A. RatnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 21, 6237–6243Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00255a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flavone Enhances Dengue Virus Type-2 (NGC Strain) Infectivity and Replication in Vero Cells (2012)

This study investigates the effects of 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one (flavone) on DENV-2 infectivity in Vero cells. Virus adsorption and attachment and intracellular virus replication were investigated using a foci forming unit assay (FFUA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Addition of flavone (100 μg/mL) significantly increased the number of DENV-2 foci by 35.66% ± 1.52 and 49.66% ± 2.51 when added during and after virus adsorption to the Vero cells, respectively. The average foci size after 4 days of infection increased by 33% ± 2.11 and 89% ± 2.13. The DENV-2 specific RNA copy number in the flavone-treated infected cells increased by 6.41- and 23.1-fold when compared to the mock-treated infected cells. Flavone (100 μg/mL) did not promote or inhibit Vero cell proliferation. The CC50 value of flavone against Vero cells was 446 µg/mL. These results suggest that flavone might enhance dengue virus replication by acting antagonistically towards flavonoids known to inhibit dengue virus replication.
Stereoselective synthesis of backbone extended π-conjugated amino esters (2023)

Synthesis of novel amino acids containing multiple backbone double bonds with excellent E -selectivity is reported.
Thermally Conductive and Highly Electrically Resistive Grease Through Homogeneously Dispersing Liquid Metal Droplets Inside Methyl Silicone Oil (2014)

Thermal grease, as a thermal interface material (TIM), has been extensively applied in electronic packaging areas. Generally, thermal greases consist of highly thermally conductive solid fillers and matrix material that provides good surface wettability and compliance of the material during application. In this study, the room-temperature liquid metal (a gallium, indium and tin eutectic, also called Galinstan) was proposed as a new kind of liquid filler for making high performance TIMs with desired thermal and electrical behaviors. Through directly mixing and stirring in air, liquid metal micron-droplets were accidentally discovered capable to be homogeneously distributed and sealed in the matrix of methyl silicone oil. Along this way, four different volume ratios of the liquid metal poly (LMP) greases were fabricated. The thermal and electrical properties of the LMP greases were experimentally investigated, and the mechanisms were clarified by analyzing their surface morphologies. The experimental results indicate that the original highly electrically conductive liquid metal can be turned into a highly electrically resistive composite, by simply blending with methyl silicone oil. When the filler content comes up to 81.8 vol. %, the thermal conductivity, viscosity and volume resistivity read 5.27 W/(m · °C), 760 Pa · s and 1.07 × 107 Ω m, respectively. Furthermore, the LMP greases presented no obvious corrosion effect, compared with pure liquid metal. This study opens a new approach to flexibly modify the material behaviors of the room-temperature liquid metals. The resulted thermally conductive however highly electrically resistive LMP greases can be significant in a wide variety of electronic packaging applications.
Expression of v-src in a murine T-cell hybridoma results in constitutive T-cell receptor phosphorylation and interleukin 2 production. (1991)

Ligand binding to the T-cell antigen receptor results in phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and the resultant activation of protein kinase C, as well as the activation of a receptor-coupled protein-tyrosine kinase. As a model for tyrosine kinase activation in T cells, we used retroviral gene transfer to express the v-src oncogene in an antigen-specific murine T-cell hybridoma. Clones that expressed v-src mRNA demonstrated constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular substrates, including the zeta chain of the T-cell receptor, and constitutive interleukin 2 production. Thus, expression of a constitutively active protein-tyrosine kinase such as pp60v-src appears to be sufficient to induce the expression of at least one gene critical to the process of T-cell activation.
Effective carbon partitioning driven by exotic phloem-specific regulatory elements fused to the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSUC2 sucrose-proton symporter gene (2009)

Expressing AtSUC2 cDNA from exotic, phloem-specific promoters argues that strong, phloem-localized expression is sufficient for efficient transport. Expressing AtSUC2 from promoters that foster efficient phloem transport but are subject to regulatory cascades different from the endogenous sucrose/proton symporter genes has implications for biotechnology.
Polarity determination of GaN films by ion channeling and convergent beam electron diffraction (1996)

By using ion channeling and convergent beam electron diffraction techniques, we have determined the absolute polarity of various GaN films grown by MOCVD on (0001) sapphire. We observe two main classes of GaN films, namely flat and rough pyramidal ones. We find that flat GaN films have a Ga polarity. Rough pyramidal samples contain many tiny columnar inversion domains (with Ga polarity) imbedded in a matrix exhibiting an N polarity.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys: I. Immunological parameters in EAE resistant and susceptible rhesus monkeys. (1987)

Immunological parameters in rhesus monkeys, resistant and susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), were studied. Monkeys immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) alone and EAE resistant monkeys immunized with a low dose of bovine brain homogenate emulsified in CFA did not show significant fluctuations in numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets (CD4; CD8; GM13, a subset of CD8) and anti-brain homogenate antibody titres remained low. EAE susceptible monkeys immunized with a high dose of myelin developed EAE significantly faster than monkeys immunized with a low dose of brain homogenate. During the induction phase all EAE susceptible monkeys, in contrast to the CFA controls and EAE resistant monkeys, showed an increase in the numbers of granulocytes and the CD4/CD8 ratios and had high antibody titres specific for the immunizing antigens. The most significant disease-related changes were observed after the onset of clinical signs. These included a granulocytosis, a lymphopenia and a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio, indicating a selective loss of CD4+ lymphocytes. A major difference between monkeys immunized with myelin and brain homogenate was the significant increase in the percentage of GM13+ lymphocytes after the onset of clinical signs in the latter group. Increases in the CD4/CD8 ratio and antibody titres during the induction phase may be prognostic factors for the subsequent development of EAE.
Millimeter-Wave Radar Receiver Using <i>Z</i>-Cut LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Optical Modulator with Orthogonal-Gap-Embedded Patch-Antennas on Low-<i>k</i> Dielectric Material (2015)

A millimeter-wave radar receiver using a z-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with orthogonal-gap-embedded patch-antennas on a low-k dielectric material is proposed. A millimeter-wave from a reflected radar signal can be received by the patch-antennas and converted directly to a lightwave through electro-optic modulation. A low-k dielectric material is used as a substrate for improving antenna gain. Additionally, an interaction length between millimeter-wave and lightwave electric fields becomes long. As a result, large modulation efficiency can be obtained, which is proportional to sensitivity of the millimeter-wave radar receiver. Optical millimeter-wave radar beam-forming can be obtained using the proposed device with meandering-gaps for controlling interaction between millimeter-wave and lightwave electric fields in electro-optic modulation. Analysis and experimentally demonstration of the proposed device are discussed and reported for 40GHz millimeter-wave bands. Optical millimeter-wave radar beam-forming in 2-D is also discussed.
DCT BASED BLIND AUDIO WATERMARKING SCHEME (2010)

During these recent years, different digital audio media are available due to internet and audio processing techniques. This is beneficial to our daily life but it brings the problem of ownership protection. As a solution, audio watermarking technique has been quickly developed. It consists of embedding information into digital audio data. This paper proposes an audio watermarking scheme operating in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine transforms (DCT). We take the advantage of hiding the mark in the frequency domain to guarantee robustness. To increase robustness of our schemes, the watermark is refined by the Hamming error correcting code. We study the band used to hide the watermark bits according essentially to the effects of the MP3 compression on the watermarked audio signal. To assure watermark embedding and extraction, we use neural network architecture. Experimental results show that the watermark is imperceptible and the algorithm is robust to many attacks like MP3 compression with several compression rates and various Stirmark attacks. Furthermore, the watermark can be blind extracted without needing the original audio.
Functional Consequences of the Macrophage Stimulating Protein 689C Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Allele (2013)

By reducing the quantities of circulating MSP, the 689C polymorphism, or a variant in linkage disequilibrium with this polymorphism, may impact RON ligand availability and thus receptor activity. Given the known functions of RON in regulating wound healing and our analysis of RON expression patterns in human intestinal tissue, these data suggest that decreased RON activity may impact the efficiency of epithelial repair and thus underlie the increased IBD susceptibility associated with the MSP 689C allele.
Flex-LIONS: A Scalable Silicon Photonic Bandwidth-Reconfigurable Optical Switch Fabric (2019)

We propose Flex-LIONS, a silicon photonic switch architecture with 21 × less switching elements and 2.9× lower on-chip loss when compared with other reconfigurable switching fabrics at a scale of 64 ports. Benchmarking simulations indicate 1.33× reduction in packet latency and > 1.5× improvement in energy efficiency when compared with Fat Tree topologies.