gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjusting the Structure and Electronic Properties of Carbons for Metal‐Free Carbocatalysis of Organic Transformations (2018)

Carbon nanomaterials doped with some other lightweight elements were recently described as powerful, heterogeneous, metal-free organocatalysts, adding to their high performance in electrocatalysis. Here, recent observations in traditional catalysis are reviewed, and the underlying reaction mechanisms of the catalyzed organic transformations are explored. In some cases, these are due to specific active functional sites, but more generally the catalytic activity relates to collective properties of the conjugated nanocarbon frameworks and the electron transfer from and to the catalytic centers and substrates. It is shown that the learnings are tightly related to those of electrocatalysis; i.e., the search for better electrocatalysts also improves chemocatalysis, and vice versa. Carbon-carbon heterojunction effects and some perspectives on future possibilities are discussed at the end.
Functionalized Oxepines via Fragmentation of Highly Strained Epoxides (2006)

[Structure: see text] Epoxidation of highly strained cyclobutenes followed by thermal rearrangement provides a new entry into oxepine-containing bicyclo[5.3.0] ring systems. In contrast to the rearrangement of the corresponding cyclopropanated systems, the strained epoxides in this study are believed to fragment through two competing pathways leading to a mixture of diastereomeric 5-7 ring systems.
Dense and thin 13X membranes on porous α-Al2O3 tubes: preparation, structure and deep purification of oxygenated compounds from gaseous olefin flow (2018)

The low contact efficiency, large mass transfer resistance and high operational cost of traditional 13X molecular sieve particle adsorbents (MSPs) have greatly limited their application in deep purification of trace oxygenated compounds from gaseous olefins. Herein, we successfully fabricated dense and thin 13X molecular sieve membranes on a porous α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> tube (MSCMs) by a combination of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) surface modification and vacuum pre-coating sol technology for purifying the above impurities. By a solid-solution transformation process, 13X molecular sieve membranes on MSCMs that were continuous and integral without any cracks, pinholes or other defects, and mainly composed of 1-1.5 μm regular 13X crystals with a thickness of 5-6 μm have been achieved. The purification performance of the MSPs, non-APTES functionalized MSCMs (nMSCMs) and MSCMs was evaluated by dynamic adsorption of N<sub>2</sub> or C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> feed flow containing dimethyl ether, methanol and propanal impurities at room temperature. The results demonstrated that both the nMSCMs and MSCMs could deeply purify the trace amounts of the three oxygenated compounds to below 1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> (mol mol<sup>-1</sup>) from gaseous olefins at an initial concentration of 20 × 10<sup>-6</sup> (mol mol<sup>-1</sup>), exhibiting much more excellent purification performance than that of MSPs. In particular, the breakthrough times of MSCMs for dimethyl ether, methanol and propanal were 7 h, 32 h and 51 h in a N<sub>2</sub> system, and 12.1 h, 53 h and 90 h in a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> system. The cumulative adsorption amounts of MSCMs for dimethyl ether, methanol and propanal were 12.108 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, 35.812 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and 103.129 mg g<sup>-1</sup> in a N<sub>2</sub> system, and 25.88 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, 94.19 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and 256.26 mg g<sup>-1</sup> in a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> system, respectively. The regeneration experiment also indicated that the MSCMs had a more stable structure and a longer lifetime. The excellent purification performance of MSCMs could be attributed to the continuous 13X molecular sieve layers without non-adsorption interfacial voids. Hence, the MSCMs have great potential for future industrial application of trace oxygenated compound removal from gaseous olefins.
Class-Specific Interaction of Profilin and ADF Isovariants with Actin in the Regulation of Plant Development (2007)

Two ancient and highly divergent actin-based cytoskeletal systems have evolved in angiosperms. Plant genomes encode complex actin and actin binding protein (ABP) gene families, most of which are phylogenetically grouped into gene classes with distinct vegetative or constitutive and reproductive expression patterns. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ectopic expression of high levels of a reproductive class actin, ACT1, in vegetative tissues causes severe dwarfing of plants with aberrant organization of most plant organs and cell types due to a severely altered actin cytoskeletal architecture. Overexpression of the vegetative class actin ACT2 to similar levels, however, produces insignificant phenotypic changes. We proposed that the misexpression of the pollen-specific ACT1 in vegetative cell types affects the dynamics of actin due to its inappropriate interaction with endogenous vegetative ABPs. To examine the functionally distinct interactions among the major classes of actins and ABPs, we ectopically coexpressed reproductive profilin (PRF4) or actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) isovariants (e.g., ADF7) with ACT1. Our results demonstrated that the coexpression of these reproductive, but not vegetative, ABP isovariants suppressed the ectopic ACT1 expression phenotypes and restored wild-type stature and normal actin cytoskeletal architecture to the double transgenic plants. Thus, the actins and ABPs appear to have evolved class-specific, protein-protein interactions that are essential to the normal regulation of plant growth and development.
Ein schnelles PET/MRT-Protokoll für die Brustkrebsdiagnostik: Erhaltung der Diagnosesicherheit bei gleichzeitiger Verkürzung der PET- und MRT- Aufnahmezeiten (2023)

Zielsetzung Die diagnostische Durchführbarkeit eines verkürzten Brust-PET/MRT-Protokolls bei Brustkrebspatientinnen.
Implementing interactive applications in C++ (1995)

Abstract This paper presents an object‐oriented approach for the implementation of interactive systems. This approach applies the model‐view‐controller (MVC) paradigm, which is modified for the C++ environment. The modified paradigm is called MVC++. In this approach the design of interactive applications starts by constructing an object model that represents the key concepts of the problem domain. This object model does not contain any user interface elements. According to the MVC++ approach, the object model is called the model part of the application. Only after the model part has been created, is the user interface designed. A collection of user interface classes is called the view. The classes that connect the model and the view form the controller, which is designed to communicate with both the model and the view. The approach presented in this paper provides a number of benefits. Advantages of the original MVC approach are obtained in a standard C++ environment, the structure of applications becomes clear and stable, and reusability as well as readability of the classes increases. Reusability is achieved by employing a mechanism called ‘abstract partners’. The approach presented in this paper is being applied in the development of a large network management system with over one million lines of C++ code running in the XII environment.
Simulation of a unified power flow monitoring system in AC networks with Simulink (2002)

The authors reconstitute a dynamic model of a real-time compensator for electrical networks using Simulink under the MATLAB environment. Study of a unified control system for network power flow necessitates modelling of each element according to the function attributed in this application. The control is based on a vector analysis of the network parameters by the symmetrical component method. This reconstitution has made possible a series of tests and measurements to validate the topology.
ChemInform Abstract: A Formal Synthesis of a Novel Immunosuppressant ISP‐1 (I): Stereocontrolled Pd(0)‐Catalyzed cis‐Hydroxyamination of Carbohydrate Derived Vinyl Epoxide. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of LTD4 Antagonist (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 5811: Real time Non-Invasive Quantitative Imaging of arterial wall elasticity using Supersonic Shear Imaging (2008)

Background. Arterial stiffness is a growing epidemic associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, dementia, and death. Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) is a novel technique based on remot...
Embryonic Stem Cell Transcription Factors and D2-40 (Podoplanin) as Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers in Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors (2009)

The embryonic stem cell transcription factors SOX2, NANOG, and OCT3/4 are involved in the regulation of germ cell tumor growth and differentiation. They, and D2-40 (podoplanin), an antigen expressed in seminomas, are emerging as useful diagnostic markers in testicular germ cell tumors. This study evaluates the use of these markers in ovarian tumors. Ovarian germ cell tumors (n=31) have distinct immunostaining profiles, depending on the type of differentiation as follows: dysgerminoma (SOX2-, NANOG+, OCT3/4+, D2-40+), embryonal carcinoma (SOX2+, NANOG+, OCT3/4+, D2-40-), immature teratomas (SOX2+, NANOG-, OCT3/4-, D2-40-), yolk sac tumors, and choriocarcinoma (SOX2-, NANOG-, OCT3/4-, D2-40-). In immature teratomas, SOX2 positivity was limited to neural and epithelial tissues, and OCT3/4 was positive only in scattered epithelial cells (<10% of cells). Nongerm cell tumors (n=57, including surface-epithelial stromal tumors and sex-cord stromal tumors) were negative for NANOG and D2-40. OCT3/4 was positive in 4 of 9 adult granulosa cell tumors (15% to 85% of cells). In a small number of surface-epithelial stromal tumors, SOX2 and/or OCT3/4 were variably positive (20% to 90% of cells). Of the markers, SOX2 and D2-40 discriminated between dysgerminoma and embryonal carcinoma. NANOG distinguished between either of these 2 tumors and nongerm cell tumors. The inclusion of these markers should therefore be considered in cases of pure or mixed ovarian germ cell tumors that are difficult to classify, and to exclude nongerm cell tumor mimics.
Insulin Resistance by Adiponectin Deficiency: Is the Action in Skeletal Muscle? (2013)

Adiponectin is rapidly approaching its 20th anniversary, but it is still unclear how this apparently potent adipokine exerts its actions. The link to obesity and insulin resistance is obvious; the negative associations between plasma adiponectin concentrations and increasing fat mass or insulin sensitivity are reproducible and strong. The high abundance of adiponectin in plasma also implies a biological purpose. Adiponectin deficiency in mice gives rise to a reasonably mild insulin resistance upon high-fat feeding in most (1–3) but not all (4) models. Obviously, this fits well with the relative absence of adiponectin seen in insulin-resistant obese humans, but human monogenic causes of adiponectin deficiency are yet to be described. To further explore potential mechanisms of insulin resistance in response to adiponectin deficiency, Sweeney and colleagues (5) have used the most classic of endocrine approaches, i.e., to supplement a missing hormone or signal and observe the metabolic effect. The focus is on skeletal muscle and in particular the metabolomic patterns emerging in skeletal muscle after high-fat feeding and controlled adiponectin replenishment. Mice deficient for adiponectin were given a chow or high-fat diet …
Structural Polymorphism of Homopurine DNA Sequences. d(GGA)n and d(GGGA)n Repeats Form Intramolecular Hairpins Stabilized by Different Base-Pairing Interactions (1996)

DNA sequences containing homopurine d(G1-3A)n tracts are known to be capable of adopting non-B-DNA conformations. The structural polymorphism of these sequences is a direct consequence of the structural properties of the homopurine d(G1-3A)n tracts. Depending on the conditions, d(GA)n DNA sequences can form antiparallel-and parallel-stranded homoduplexes, multistranded complexes, and ordered single-stranded conformations. On the other hand, much less is known about the structural properties of d(GGA)n and d(GGGA)n sequences. In this paper, we show that d(GGA)n and d(GGGA)n repeats form antiparallel-stranded, intramolecular hairpins. Under physiological salt and pH conditions, the thermal stability of these hairpin forms is high, showing, at 50 mM NaCl, melting temperatures in the range of 40-50 degrees C. The base-pairing interactions involved in the formation of the d(GGA)n and d(GGGA)n hairpins are different. G.A pairs importantly contribute to the stability of the d(GGA)n hairpins. On the other hand, the d(GGGA)n hairpins are stabilized by the formation of G.G and A.A, but not G.A pairs. Homopurine d(G1-3A)n tracts are frequently found at genomic locations performing specialized chromosomal functions (i.e. telomeres, centromeres, and recombination "hot-spots"). The molecular interactions described here are relevant for the understanding of the peculiar structural and biological properties of DNA sequences containing homopurine tracts.
18F labeling for immuno-PET: where speed and contrast meet. (2007)

In the report by Cai et al. ( [1][1] ) on pages [304–310][2] of this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, an important milestone was achieved in the race to develop optimal immuno-PET agents, namely, the demonstration that small antibody fragments, in this case, diabodies, can be labeled with
Network and System Architecture: The Integrated Approach to ISDN in the UT Line (1986)

The paper presents an approach to ISDN suitable both for a pilot service, to be carried out in the near future in Italy, and for long-term developments with a high degree of penetration of ISDN setvices. Integration of ISDN services in the digital telephone exchange "UT" has taken place at all levels: system architecture, subscriber access structure, circuit connecting network, transmission links, call processing, and 0 & M functions. We also describe a new protocol that facilitates the dialog between exchange modules and between different exchanges for the data service. It is suitable for implementing packet transit switches with low complexity, high throughput, and low transit time. A special peripheral-handling processor handles the most repetitive functions of the protocols both in the local exchange and in other parts of the network, while the exchange central processor performs the ISDN call-handling functions; the same peripheral processors and the same module processor are used for both ISDN and telephone services. Finally, the paper shows how this architecture can evolve to include new wide-band services and new techniques to implement high-capacity fast packet switches.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decayin health and disease (1999)

All eukaryotes possess the ability to detect and degrade transcripts harboring premature signals for the termination of translation. Despite the ubiquitous nature of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and its demonstrated role in the modulation of phenotypes resulting from selected nonsense alleles, very little is known regarding its basic mechanism or the selective pressure for complete evolutionary conservation of this function. This review will present the current models of NMD that have been generated during the study of model organisms and mammalian cells. The physiological burden of nonsense transcripts and the emerging view that NMD plays a broad and critical role in the regulation of gene expression will also be discussed. Such issues are relevant to the proposal that pharmacological manipulation of NMD will find therapeutic application.
Modelling of electromagnetic wave interactions with the human body (2005)

Electromagnetic modelling plays a more and more important role in the study of complex systems involving Maxwell phenomena, such as the interactions of radiowaves with the human body. Simulation then becomes a credible means in decision making, related to the engineering of complex electromagnetic systems. To increase confidence in the models with respect to reality, validation and uncertainty estimation methods are needed. The different dimensions of model validation are illustrated through dosimetry, i.e., quantification of human exposure to electromagnetic waves.
7-Deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine, a Trihydroxyindolizidine Alkaloid Glycosidase Inhibitor from Castanospermum australe (1990)

A new indolizidine alkaloid has been isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum [1] australe and identified as 7-deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine by ms and 1H- and 13C-nmr spectroscopy. The alkaloid is the first trihydroxylated indolizidine to be isolated from this plant and may represent an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway to the tetrahydroxy-indolizidines and -pyrrolizidines. It inhibits amyloglucosidase and yeast alpha-glucosidase but is significantly less active as a glycosidase inhibitor than its isomer swainsonine [2] and the tetrahydroxylated alkaloids castanospermine [3], 6-epi-castanospermine [4], and australine [5].
p,t-[Ru(CO)(PR3)(tren)]2+ [R = Ph or p-tol; tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine], Ru(II) complexes bearing a simple tripodal tetradentate amine: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity (2016)

Complexes with general formula p,t-[Ru(CO)(PR3)(tren)]X2 [R = Ph (1) or p-tol (2); tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine; X = Cl− or ] were prepared from [RuCl2(CO)(dmf)(PR3)] by direct reaction with tren. The complexes were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 31P{1H}, HMBC 1H–31P), FTIR and ESI-MS spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the structures of p,t-[Ru(CO)(PPh3)(tren)](PF6)2 (1•PF6) and p,t-[Ru(CO)(P{p-tol}3)(tren)]Cl2 (2•Cl) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The water soluble complexes 1•Cl and 2•Cl were tested as antimicrobial agents against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria with the latter showing superior activity than the approved antimicrobial agent chloramphenicol in one of the strains.
Intrinsic Positive End-expiratory Pressure in Ambulatory patients with Airways Obstruction (1993)

In patients with severe expiratory airflow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation often occurs when inspiratory efforts are initiated at a thoracic volume above the relaxation point of the respiratory system. The result is intrinsic positive end-expiratory alveolar pressure (PEEPi). To determine whether PEEPi occurs in ambulatory patients, we measured alveolar pressure (Palv) noninvasively during tidal breathing in 8 normal subjects, 15 asthmatic subjects, and 19 patients with COPD, using a body plethysmographic technique that includes computerized corrections for nonlinear pneumotachometer output and for plethysmograph leakage. In all 8 normal subjects, 9 asthmatic subjects, and 3 COPD patients, Palv descended smoothly to zero at end expiration. In contrast, among each of the remaining 22 patients, there was an abrupt change in slope of the Palv tracing near end expiration, identifying the onset of the next inspiratory effort and indicating the presence of PEEPi, ranging from 0.2 to 9.5 cm H2O. PEEPi was significantly correlated with FRC (% of predicted); PEEPi = (0.040 x %FRC) - 3.65, r = 0.73, p < 0.001, and with the reciprocal of FEV1 (% of predicted), PEEPi = (138/%FEV1) - 1.34, r = 0.69, p < 0.001. PEEPi could be elicited in normal subjects by severe expiratory resistive loading but not by the increased expiratory muscle activity occurring during an MVV maneuver. We conclude that PEEPi is common in patients with airways obstruction, even without overt ventilatory failure, and that its severity is generally in proportion to the severity of the hyperinflation and the airways obstruction.
The Human Phenotype Ontology (2010)

A standardized, controlled vocabulary allows phenotypic information to be described in an unambiguous fashion in medical publications and databases. The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is being developed in an effort to provide such a vocabulary. The use of an ontology to capture phenotypic information allows the use of computational algorithms that exploit semantic similarity between related phenotypic abnormalities to define phenotypic similarity metrics, which can be used to perform database searches for clinical diagnostics or as a basis for incorporating the human phenome into large-scale computational analysis of gene expression patterns and other cellular phenomena associated with human disease. The HPO is freely available at http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org.
Insulin Administration Acutely Decreases Vaspin Serum Concentrations in Humans (2013)

It has been hypothesized that insulin might mediate meal-related diurnal variation in vaspin serum concentrations. We therefore investigated whether insulin affects serum vaspin levels in humans. Vaspin serum concentrations were determined by ELISA in 10 healthy individuals, who underwent an insulin tolerance test (ITT) for the evaluation of pituitary ACTH and growth hormone reserve. The ITTs were started 08:00 am after an overnight fast with a bolus i.v. insulin dose of 0.15 IU/kg body weight (Actrapid). Blood samples were taken at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after insulin administration. 15 min after insulin administration, vaspin serum concentrations decreased by 19 ± 6%, continued to decrease by 42 ± 12% at 60 min and returned to 88 ± 7% of initial values 120 min after insulin administration. Our data suggest that meal-related changes in serum vaspin concentrations might be mediated by insulin.
The role of lactogenic hormones in maternal behavior in female rats (1994)

Most mammals display an immediate onset of maternal care towards their offspring at parturition. In contrast, inexperienced, nulliparous females are often slow responders and show less intensity in their maternal responses. The transition from a slow responder in non-parous females to a rapid response at parturition is facilitated by the endocrine state of pregnancy. The present report reviews recent evidence from my laboratory demonstrating a role for prolactin in the stimulation of maternal behavior in the rat and presents new findings suggesting tht the conceptus, through its secretion of placental lactogens, helps prime the maternal brain (one site being the medial preoptic area) to respond maternally at parturition.
Delivery of 240 Broadcast Digital Video Channels to 1024 Subscribers on a 1.3-µm Spectrally Sliced PDFA Amplified PON (1998)

Recently, we have demonstrated a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical network (PON) serving as a shared local-access infrastructure, supporting multiple broadcast and switched services [1].
Breeding brown hybrids of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) from a factorial cross (2000)

International audience
Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2001)

The clinical syndrome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants results primarily from an arrest of lung vascular and alveolar development. The most likely mediators are proinflammatory cytokines that are induced by antenatal exposure to infection, postnatal ventilation, and oxygen exposure. New epidemiologic data suggest that attempts to avoid intubation and ventilation are the best ways to avoid severe BPD. The claim that one ventilation technique is better than another remains unconvincing, and any strategy that maintains the lung open and minimizes tidal volumes probably will be helpful. More adverse effects of postnatal steroids are being recognized. New insights into the pathophysiology of BPD and a new emphasis on minimizing ventilation and ventilator-mediated injury should improve outcomes for very preterm infants.