gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maize YABBY genes drooping leaf1 and drooping leaf2 regulate floret development and floral meristem determinacy (2019)

Floral morphology is shaped by factors that modulate floral meristem activity and size, and the identity, number and arrangement of the lateral organs they form. We report here that the maize <i>CRABS CLAW</i> co-orthologs <i>drooping leaf1</i> (<i>drl1</i>) and <i>drl2</i> are required for development of ear and tassel florets. Pistillate florets of <i>drl1</i> ears are sterile with unfused carpels that fail to enclose an expanded nucellus-like structure. Staminate florets of <i>drl1</i> tassels have extra stamens and fertile anthers. Natural variation and transposon alleles of <i>drl2</i> enhance <i>drl1</i> mutant phenotypes by reducing floral meristem (FM) determinacy. The <i>drl</i> paralogs are co-expressed in lateral floral primordia, but not within the FM. <i>drl</i> expression together with the more indeterminate mutant FMs suggest that the <i>drl</i> genes regulate FM activity and impose meristem determinacy non-cell-autonomously from differentiating cells in lateral floral organs. We used gene regulatory network inference, genetic interaction and expression analyses to suggest that DRL1 and ZAG1 target each other and a common set of downstream genes that function during floret development, thus defining a regulatory module that fine-tunes floret patterning and FM determinacy.
Should an obsessive-compulsive spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM-V? (2010)

The obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum has been discussed in the literature for two decades. Proponents of this concept propose that certain disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts and/or behaviors are related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and suggest that such disorders be grouped together in the same category (i.e. grouping, or "chapter") in DSM. This article addresses this topic and presents options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. The article builds upon and extends prior reviews of this topic that were prepared for and discussed at a DSM-V Research Planning Conference on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders held in 2006. Our preliminary recommendation is that an OC-spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM-V. Furthermore, we preliminarily recommend that consideration be given to including this group of disorders within a larger supraordinate category of "Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders." These preliminary recommendations must be evaluated in light of recommendations for, and constraints upon, the overall structure of DSM-V.
Scenario based Service-Engineering (2012)

Industrial product service systems, i.e. concerted combinations of product and service, gain momentum in competition because of converging quality levels as regards product quality. Hence, product quality becomes more and more ineligible as differentiator. The presented approach depicts a decidedly pattern of action for a scenario based service-engineering that aims for the development of industrial product service systems outside the “red ocean” of competition. The core elements of the presented approach are service scenarios that can reflect all future developments as regards the surroundings to service. For this, a success factor analysis as regards today’s service situation, a trend scouting for the areas of business model and service technology innovations as well and a detailed failure analysis constitute the first step. In the second step, the service scenarios serve for strategy development and advisory support of the product development. The latter two steps, i.e. steps three and four, can also be supported by scenario technique: Strategy scenarios describe consistent future patterns of action, whereas product scenarios allow thinking ahead prospective, innovative and notably alternative industrial product service systems. In all steps, the created ideas can be safeguarded by a lead customer questioning. A concrete example will be given.
Homotypic cell aggregations of human myeloma cells with ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 molecules (1991)

Some myeloma cells freshly isolated from bone marrow aspirates in human myelomas and some myeloma cell lines formed spontaneous cell aggregations in vitro (homotypic cell aggregations). In order to clarify the surface molecules involved in homotypic cell aggregations and physiological roles of these cell aggregations, we investigated the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on 20 samples of freshly isolated myeloma cells and three myeloma cell lines and the effect of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 alpha antibodies on myeloma cell proliferation in vitro. All myeloma cells that we tested expressed ICAM-1 on their surface. Among them, myeloma cells that strongly coexpressed LFA-1 alpha, formed homotypic cell aggregates in vitro. These spontaneous cell aggregations were completely released by adding either anti-ICAM-1 or anti-LFA-1 alpha antibody. During short-term culture, spontaneous proliferation of myeloma cells in vitro and their proliferative responses to recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) were not affected by pretreatment of myeloma cells with anti-ICAM-1 or anti-LFA-1 alpha antibody. Therefore these data suggest that homotypic cell aggregation of myeloma cells is mediated by ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules, but myeloma cell proliferation may not be modulated by these adhesion molecules during short-term cultures.
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition) (2019)

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in childhood and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TRIGR nested case–control ancillary study (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00179777.
Cultivation of Tomato Tissues Capable of Forming Flowers and Fruits in Vitro (1998)

The final phase of this research project was designed to develop a practical method for producing a steady supply of fresh cherry tomato fruits over a period of several months, for possible use as a fresh vegetable supplement to a standard diet of astronauts on extended missions. This effort was successful. We were able to excise immature flowers from Pixie tomato plants grown in a controlled condition room, implant them on artificial media under aseptic conditions, and get them to develop into edible fruits in a little over a month. The medium (Murashige-Skoog) was purchased from Sigma, supplemented with sugar plus a synthetic analog of the plant hormone cytokinin, and adjusted to pH 5.8. A temperature of at least 25 C and visible light helped to produce ripe red fruits within 7 weeks. To ensure a steady supply of such tomatoes, we found it possible to store the explanted flower buds in MS medium at 5 C for at least 6 weeks without significant loss of ability to develop into fruits. This means that many containers could be prepared before launch and put into a refrigerator; a convenient number could then be removed periodically to guarantee a succession of harvests during the life of an extended mission. Details are found in the attached reprints. Subsequent applications for funds for flight or continued research were denied, and the project was terminated.
Application of Multispectral Imaging and Portable Spectroscopic Instruments to the Analysis of an Ancient Persian Illuminated Manuscript (2021)

Illuminated manuscripts are, in general, the final products of a wise and complex interaction of different competencies. In particular, each manuscript reflects uses and techniques rooted in the historical and geographical traditions of the area of realization. Defining the characteristics and the materials in these valuable artefacts is an essential element to reconstruct their history and allow a more precise collocation and a possible comparison with other works in similar periods and areas. Non-invasive methods, mainly using portable instruments, offer undoubtedly good support in these studies. Recent analyses of an ancient Persian illuminated manuscript, combining multispectral imaging and spectroscopic measurements made with portable instruments (XRF, FORS, micro-Raman, IR-ATR) on selected points, provided new data for an improved understanding of this rare book. This study details the possibilities offered by combining these non-invasive methods for an in-depth understanding of the techniques and practices behind the realization of Middle Eastern illuminated manuscripts and provided new perspectives for multidisciplinary approaches to research in this field.
Blood platelet count and function are related to total and cardiovascular death in apparently healthy men. (1991)

The present study is the first to present conclusive, prospective evidence of an association between platelet concentration and aggregability and long-term incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in a population of apparently healthy middle-aged men.
Single-Step Fabrication Method toward 3D Printing Composite Diamond–Titanium Interfaces for Neural Applications (2021)

Owing to several key attributes, diamond is an attractive candidate material for neural interfacing electrodes. The emergence of additive-manufacturing (AM) of diamond-based materials has addressed multiple challenges associated with the fabrication of diamond electrodes using the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. Unlike the CVD approach, AM methods have enabled the deposition of three-dimensional diamond-based material at room temperature. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using laser metal deposition to fabricate diamond-titanium hybrid electrodes for neuronal interfacing. In addition to exhibiting a high electrochemical capacitance of 1.1 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> and a low electrochemical impedance of 1 kΩ cm<sup>2</sup> at 1 kHz in physiological saline, these electrodes exhibit a high degree of biocompatibility assessed <i>in vitro</i> using cortical neurons. Furthermore, surface characterization methods show the presence of an oxygen-rich mixed-phase diamond-titanium surface along the grain boundaries. Overall, we demonstrated that our unique approach facilitates printing biocompatible titanium-diamond site-specific coating-free conductive hybrid surfaces using AM, which paves the way to printing customized electrodes and interfacing implantable medical devices.
Identification of the effect of different levels of activated charcoal and sucrose on multiplication shoots of date palm phenixdactylifera L.C.v. sufedy in vitro (2013)

This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture of the Palm Research Center / University of Basra from March 2010 to September 2011. The aim is to determine the effect of the use of activated charcoal and sucrose on the multiplication of shoots, rate of elongation, average number of roots and length of plantlets of date palms C.v Elsafada in vitro. Activated charcoal concentrations were zero, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 g/l. Those of sucrose were 20 (control), 35, 50, 65, and 80 (g/l). Nutritional media were prepared with some other chemical substances as well as 3 mg/l Naphthalene acetic and 10 mg/l 2-Isopentenyl adenine (2iP). Transplants were incubated under illumination intensity lighting of 1000 Lux for 16 h a day and a temperature of 27 ± 1°C. A re-culture was done every four weeks. The use of 0.75 g/l of activated charcoal caused a significant improvement in the percentages of shoots multiplication (9.6%), rate of elongation (7.3 cm), number of roots (4.6 root/plantlets) and their length. However, the 0.5 concentration exceeded others in root length (5.3 cm). Use of 65 g/l sucrose increased the multiplication ratio (5.3%), elongation (7 cm) and number of roots (4.6 root/plantlet). While use of 80 g/l led to higher length of roots (5.8 cm) compared to the other concentrations. Results also showed that the use of 0.5 g/l activated charcoal and 65 g/l sucrose improved the multiplication ratio (9.2%), elongation (8.1 cm) and average number of roots (5.3 root/plantlet). Furthermore, the treatment of 0.75 g/l activated charcoal and 65 g/l sucrose significantly increased the average of root length (6.9 cm) compared to other treatments.

	 

	Key words: Date palm, elongation, activated charcoal.
Highly efficient enantio-differentiating hydrogenation over an ultrasonicated raney nickel catalyst modified with tartaric acid (1991)

A tartaric acid–NaBr-modified Raney nickel catalyst prepared from ultrasonicated Raney nickel showed excellent enantio-differentiating and hydrogenating activity in the hydrogenation of a series of 3-oxoalkanoate and 1,3-diketones.
The formation of nitride phases during diffusion bonding of Ni-Cr alloys with Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}-ceramic (1995)

Interaction between dense silicon nitride ceramics and Ni and/or Ni-Cr alloys during diffusion bonding at 1,398 K was investigated. The reaction phenomena in these systems can be explained by assuming a high nitrogen pressure (fugacity), which is built up at the contact surface. Experimental results on diffusion couples were compared with those of direct nitriding of Ni-Cr(Si) alloys from the gas atmosphere (1--6,000 bar). Based on experimental data and thermodynamic considerations of the Ni-Cr-Si-N system, evidence for ``up hill`` diffusion of nitrogen near the precipitation front in the reaction zone between dense Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and Ni-Cr alloys with 10--18 at% of Cr was found. This can be attributed to the relative instability of cubic chromium nitride (CrN) and the strong Cr-N interaction in the nickel-based solid solution.
Yawing Angular Misalignment Provides Positive Damping to Suppress Frictional Vibration: Basic Applicability to Disc Brake Systems (2013)

A novel method for suppressing frictional vibration in sliding systems without using additional devices (e.g., dampers or actuators) is theoretically proposed. This method is based on the principle that yawing angular misalignment provides positive damping to sliding systems. Even if frictional vibration occurs due to a negative slope of the friction versus velocity characteristic, it can be suppressed by applying a misalignment angle φ that is larger than the critical misalignment angle φcr. To examine the basic applicability of this method to disc brake systems, a braking test at a constant normal load was simulated numerically. It was found that yawing angular misalignment can not only suppress frictional vibration but also shorten the braking time as a secondary effect of suppressing frictional vibration.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Aryl−Sulfur Bond Formation (2006)

A new cobalt-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with thiophenols and alkanethiols is reported. A variety of aryl sulfides can be prepared in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions using 1-2 mol % of CoI2(dppe) and Zn. This new cobalt-catalyzed coupling represents an interesting addition to previously known methods to synthesize thioethers. [reaction: see text].
System-on-a-chip for Portable Audio Player (2007)

The software system for portable devices include audio playback, radio application, audio record, movie playback, image viewer applications. In addition, the portable systems can contain gaming and navigation applications. The portable audio players demand low-power and small form-factors differentiated by wide array of audio effects like equalizer, time scale modification (TSM), and cross-fade. This paper describes the system-on-a-chip (SoC) for portable audio players.
Dual expression of plastidial GPAT1 and LPAT1 regulates triacylglycerol production and the fatty acid profile in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2018)

Overexpression of GPAT1 together with LPAT1 significantly enhanced lipid content without affecting growth and photosynthetic efficiency, and they orchestrated the expression of other key photosynthetic and lipogenic genes. The lipid profile for elevated fatty acid content (C16-CoA) demonstrated the involvement of the prokaryotic TAG pathway in marine diatoms. The results suggested that engineering dual metabolic nodes should be possible in microalgal lipid metabolism. This study also provides the first demonstration of the role of the prokaryotic TAG biosynthetic pathway in lipid overproduction and indicates that the fatty acid profile can be tailored to improve lipid production.
Thermal Earth Resource Monitoring Instrument (THERMI) size, weight and power reduction (2015)

The Thermal Earth Resource Monitoring Instrument (THERMI) has been designed to meet stringent Landsat heritage requirements with reduced size, weight and power (SWaP). The instrument design provides Earth resource monitoring through the use of two long-wave infrared bands that measure the land surface temperatures. These bands are especially valuable for monitoring water resources and water use. Instrument subsystems, including electronics, cryocooler, thermal management, optical telescope assembly, focal plane module, in-flight calibrator, and scene select mirror were studied and conceptually designed to reduce overall THERMI SWaP. Reductions in SWaP make it possible for THERMI to fit on a small satellite bus with room available for an additional optical instrument. Since mission cost historically correlates well with mass and power on-orbit, it is expected that significant cost savings will result from the predicted SWaP reductions.
Significance of cysteine rich transcription factor (CRTF) in the synthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in gastrointestinal cancers. (2001)

We previously reported that a novel promoter enhancer element "human tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) enhancer" (HTE) and a novel transacting protein "cysteine rich transcription factor" (CRTF) induced TIMP-1 synthesis in prostate cancer cells 2xN.I.PC-3. In the present study, to clarify the significance of CRTF in gastrointestinal cancers we measured the binding activity of CRTF to HTE using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the TIMP-1 concentration by ELISA after various stimulation of six cancer cell lines (KE-3, TE-9, MKN-28, MKN-45, KM12SM, SW620). In three cell lines (KE-3, MKN-45, SW620), both the binding activity of CRTF and TIMP-1 concentration significantly increased after IL-10 stimulation. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) did not affect the binding activity of CRTF, whereas FBS induced TIMP-1 synthesis in all cell lines. In KE-3 esophageal cancer cells and SW620 colon cancer cells, both the binding activity of CRTF and TIMP-1 concentration increased in the presence of a conditioned medium (CM) of fibroblasts which was isolated from human colon cancer tissues, but did not increase in MKN-45 cells. Moreover, in the fibroblasts, both the binding activity of CRTF and the TIMP-1 concentration increased in the presence of CM from KM12SM, SW620, and TE-9 cancer cell lines. These results suggested that IL-I0, and unknown factors in addition to IL-10, induced TIMP-1 synthesis via an increase in the binding activity of CRTF in gastrointestinal cancers, and that interaction between cancer cells and fibroblasts may play an important role in TIMP-1 synthesis through a signal transduction pathway consisting of CRTF phosphorylation and HTE activation.
CFD simulation of variable mass flow inside circular distributor (2012)

The circular distributor plays an important role in uniform distribution of the coolant in the shell side of multitubular fixed bed reactor.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method was employed to simulate the variable mass flow in the circular distributor.Firstly,the distributions of velocity and static pressure in the circular distributor were simulated,and then the relations between perforation resistance coefficient and distributor structure as well as inlet flow condition were studied.The results indicate that the apparent velocity gradient and pressure gradient exist in the circular channel.The velocity decreases and the static pressure increases along with the flow direction.The holes along the flow direction should be opened smaller in order to enhance the perforation pressure and to make sure that the coolant can be uniformly distributed.Moreover,the study shows that the perforation resistance coefficient ξ essentially has a clear relationship with the ratio ui/u of the velocity through the hole to the velocity along the axis direction in the main channel,the ratio δ/di of hole thickness to hole diameter and entrance Reynolds number Re0.In the simulation range ξ firstly decreases with the increase of ui/u,and ξ keeps a constant after reaching a critical value;the relationship between ξ and δ/di is not obvious;when the inlet fluid belongs to turbulent range,the relationship between ξ and Re0 is not obvious,but ξ decreases with the increase of Re0.
Influence of high-speed train power consumption on a novel ground fault identification method for 2 × 25 kv railway power supply systems (2017)

Nowadays, the most commonly used configuration to supply high-speed trains is 2 25 kV power supply system. The location of ground faults in 2 25 kV power supply systems is a difficult task, since the use of distance protection relays to localize ground faults positions doesn't work properly as the relation between the distance and the impedance seen by the distance protection relays is not linear and therefore the location is not accurate enough. A new simple and economical method to identify the subsection between autotransformers (ATS) and the conductor (positive or negative) where the ground fault is happening, based on the comparison of the angle between the current and the voltage of the positive terminal in each autotransformer, was developed recently. Consequently, after the identification of the subsection and the conductor with the ground fault, only this subsection where the ground fault is present, will be quickly removed from service, with the minimum effect on rail traffic. The high-speed trains demand a power about 12-16 MW, hence a significant current flow through the conductors of the 2 25 kV power system. This paper presents a study about the influence of the current consumed by the high-speed trains on this novel ground fault identification method. The operation of the method is correct even with the high-speed train currents in the section with a ground fault. This fact has been validated through numerous computer simulations, obtaining excellent results.