gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of linear phase shift algorithms and application to deflectometry (2021)

For a number of optical methods, including deflectometry, information is encoded in fringe patterns. To extract the phase data from intensity values, a number of phase shift algorithms have been designed. In deflectometry, the nonlinearity of the fringe display implies that the displayed fringe pattern presents a harmonic content even if the input pattern is perfectly sinusoidal. The propagation of these harmonics through phase shift algorithms creates parasitic fringe patterns, reminiscent of the initial fringe pattern on the estimated phase. This phenomenon, known as print-through, has been identified as a serious performance limitation. In this paper, we revisit Surrel’s work on harmonic insensitive phase shift algorithms and demonstrate that the class of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) phase shift algorithms he defines is very appropriate for the field of deflectometry. We show how to choose the most suitable one depending on the application by performing a complete modeling of the harmonic print-through phenomenon for these DFT algorithms and studying the error propagation for shot noise and temporal perturbations. In a deflectometry context, we demonstrate by means of simulations that carefully chosen DFT algorithms can simultaneously be robust to print-through and perform better with respect to noise than the state of the art nonlinear phase shift algorithms. Lastly, by comparing experimental mirror shape measurements of the matrix of the secondary mirror of the European Extremely Large Telescope made on the one hand by DFT deflectometry and on the other hand by phase shift interferometry, we demonstrate that the use of DFT algorithms can substantially improve the high spatial frequency measurement capabilities of a deflectometry setup, without the need for a calibration of the display’s nonlinearities.
1193 Frequency of isolated noncompaction as a cause of heart failure and heart transplantation: a single center experience (2006)

9±4%: post: 12±5%
Hydrophilic Ligands and Their Application in Aqueous-Phase Metal-Catalyzed Reactions (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHydrophilic Ligands and Their Application in Aqueous-Phase Metal-Catalyzed ReactionsKevin H. Shaughnessy*View Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336* E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2, 643–710Publication Date (Web):January 16, 2009Publication History Received7 June 2008Published online16 January 2009Published inissue 11 February 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800403rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800403rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11058Altmetric-Citations452LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Group 15 compounds,Hydrophilicity,Ligands Get e-Alerts
DNA condensation by cobalt hexaammine(III) in alcohol–water mixtures: Dielectric constant and other solvent effects (1995)

DNA molecules condense into compact structures in the presence of a critical concentration of multivalent cations. To probe the contribution of electrostatic forces to condensation, we used mixtures of water with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and isopropanol (iPrOH) to vary the dielectric constant epsilon from 80 to 50. The condensation of pUC18 plasmids by hexaammine cobalt (III), Co(NH3)(3+)6, was monitored by total intensity and dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and CD. The total scattering intensity increased as epsilon went from 80 to 70, and the decreased as epsilon decreased further. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry confirmed that the loss of intensity at low epsilon was not due to the particles' settling out of solution. The rate as well as the extent of condensation increased as epsilon was lowered from 80 to 70, and also depended on the species of alcohol (MeOH < EtOH < iPrOH). The hydrodynamic radii RH of the particles, however, remained roughly the same at 300-350 A and was independent of the species of alcohol. RH increased below epsilon = 70. The critical concentration of Co(NH3)6(3+) required to induce DNA condensation decreased from 21 microM to about 16 microM as the dielectric constant decreased from 80 to 70, and decreased moderately with the nonpolarity of the alcohol. The fraction of DNA charge neutralized at the onset of DNA condensation was calculated by a modification of Manning's two-variable counterion condensation theory to be 0.90 +/- 0.01, independent of epsilon. By electron microscopy we observed that the condensed particles changed from about 93% toroids at epsilon = 80 to 89% rods at epsilon = 70 and 98% rods at epsilon = 65. At epsilon lower than 65, DNA collapsed into a network of multistranded fibers. The morphology of condensed DNA particles, whether toroids, rods, or fibers, was independent of the alcohol species. CD spectra in ethanol-water mixtures indicated that both closed circular and linearized plasmids were in the B conformation when condensed with Co(NH3)6(3+) at epsilon > or = 70, although the closed circular molecules exhibited a weak psi-DNA spectrum. A transition from the B to A form took place between epsilon = 70 and 60, well above the normal dielectric constant of epsilon = 40 for this transition, indicating that ethanol and Co(NH3)6(3+) synergistically promote the B-A transition. We interpret these results to mean that alcohols have both electrostatic and structural effects on DNA, leading to three regimes of condensation. At the lowest alcohol concentrations the B conformation is stable and condensation is relatively slow, allowing time for the packing adjustments necessary to form toroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Temperature-controlled phase-transfer catalysis for ethylene glycol production from cellulose (2012)

A temperature-controlled phase-transfer catalyst-tungsten acid, which in combination with a robust heterogeneous catalyst Ru/C shows a high activity and exceptional reusability for the one-pot conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. This binary system can be reused more than 20 times with ethylene glycol yield over 50%.
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia with persistent neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia in a cat (2013)

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat. Leukocytosis (74,900/µl)--mature neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia--was observed. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with proliferation of cells of myeloid lineage. An underlying condition leading to leukocytosis was not identified. The severe leukocytosis did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Based on these findings, chronic myelogenous leukaemia was diagnosed. Because of the absence of clinical signs, the cat was monitored without treatment until 7 months after diagnosis, when it developed pruritic skin lesions. Pruritus was controlled with oral prednisolone. Forty-two months after diagnosis, the cat developed nasal lymphoma, which was treated with radiation therapy, resulting in complete remission. The cat was still in good physical condition 63 months after diagnosis, despite the persistence of marked neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia.
A monoclonal antibody to von Willebrand factor (vWF) inhibits factor VIII binding. Localization of its antigenic determinant to a nonadecapeptide at the amino terminus of the mature vWF polypeptide. (1989)

vWF is a multimeric glycoprotein that serves as the major carrier in plasma of Factor VIII (FVIII). We have used an anti-human vWF MAb W5-6A to investigate the FVIII binding site on vWF. W5-6A inhibited FVIII binding to vWF-coated polystyrene tubes in a concentration-dependent manner with 90% inhibition of FVIII binding at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. The W5-6A epitope was identified by screening a vWF fragment library using the bacteriophage expression vector lambda gt11. DNA sequence analysis of 29 immunoreactive phage clones localized the W5-6A epitope to a nonadecapeptide spanning amino acid residues threonine 78 to threonine 96 at the amino-terminus of the mature vWF polypeptide. Purified beta-galactosidase/vWF fusion protein from one of these clones, vWF9, was incubated with radiolabeled W5-6A and caused near complete inhibition of W5-6A binding to vWF. Inhibitory activity was lost after vWF9 trypsinization or reduction and alkylation. These data indicate that (a) the antigenic determinant recognized by W5-6A localizes to a nonadecapeptide at the NH2 terminus of the mature vWF polypeptide, (b) disulfide bonds within vWF9 may be necessary to maintain the structure required for immunoreactivity with W5-6A, and (c) W5-6A recognizes an immunogenic region on vWF that may be at (or near) the major FVIII binding domain.
Feasible Extraction Method for Electromagnetic Properties of Multilayer Metamaterials With Short-Circuit Termination (2022)

An extraction technique is proposed for electromagnetic characterization of metal-backed multilayer metamaterial (MM) structures demonstrating reflection-asymmetric property. It uses recursive scattering parameters for direct and reversed configurations of a multilayer structure. The algorithm was validated by comparing the extracted electromagnetic properties of multilayer structures composed of different MM unit cells with those determined by one-layer-only S-parameter methods. Two-layer and three-layer multilayer structures composed of MM slabs with C-shaped and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -shaped rings and an FR4 material were fabricated and measured for experimental validation. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of our method against a small air gap between the multilayer structures and the short-circuit termination and between adjacent MM slabs within these structures. Strong agreement was observed between the resulted obtained using our method and measurements.
Self-assembly of protein-zwitterionic polymer bioconjugates into nanostructured materials (2016)

Bioconjugates of a red fluorescent protein mCherry and a zwitterionic polymer (PDMAPS) are self-assembled into nanostructured materials. The concentrated solution phase behaviour is studied to elucidate the effect of high charge density along the polymer backbone.
The N-terminal Arg Residue Is Essential for Autocatalytic Activation of a Lipopolysaccharide-responsive Protease Zymogen (2014)

Factor C, a serine protease zymogen involved in innate immune responses in horseshoe crabs, is known to be autocatalytically activated on the surface of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, but the molecular mechanism of this activation remains unknown. In this study, we show that wild-type factor C expressed in HEK293S cells exhibits a lipopolysaccharide-induced activity equivalent to that of native factor C. Analysis of the N-terminal addition, deletion, or substitution mutants shows that the N-terminal Arg residue and the distance between the N terminus and the tripartite of lipopolysaccharide-binding site are essential factors for autocatalytic activation, and that the positive charge of the N terminus may interact with an acidic amino acid(s) of the molecule to convert the zymogen into an active form. Chemical cross-linking experiments indicate that the N terminus is required to form a complex of the factor C molecules in a sufficiently close vicinity to be chemically cross-linked on the surface of lipopolysaccharides. We propose a molecular mechanism of the autocatalytic activation of the protease zymogen on lipopolysaccharides functioning as a platform to induce specific protein-protein interaction between the factor C molecules.
Measurement of the angle between jet axes in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV (2023)

International audience
The generation of CD4 T lymphocytes in patients with HIV infection. (1996)

The immune systems of patients with HIV infection are characterized by a vigorous turnover of lymphocytes that represents an exaggeration of the normal homeostatic mechanisms controlling lymphocyte growth and death in an attempt to compensate for the destructive forces of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Studies of naive and memory phenotypes of CD4 T lymphocytes; studies of lymphocyte survival and trafficking utilizing genetically marked lymphocytes and: studies of T cell receptor families at the molecular level have consistently led to the same conclusion, namely, that the main source of new CD4 T lymphocytes in patients with HIV infection is through the peripheral expansion of existing cells. This is true whether these expansions are due to the blockade of viral replication with anti-viral agents or through the acceleration of T cell proliferation with interleukin-2 (IL-2). Thus, once one has lost existing elements of the T cell repertoire those elements may be lost forever. These data have profound implications regarding the importance of early intervention in patients with HIV infection.
Developing Effective Technology Strategies (2000)

OVERVIEW:Technology strategy can be both an analytical and creative process. A core team approach and stakeholder analysis ensures shared ownership of the resulting strategy and smooths the path for implementation. A carefully codified description of technology capabilities in terms of their component skills, facilities and organization enables the business to understand what is core to its future success and how to transfer technology to best effect. Although elements of structured and objective analysis are essential, technology strategy is best implemented as a continuous and creative business process.
Effect of Cable Co-sharing on the Workspace of a cable-Driven Serial Chain Manipulator (2019)

Serial chain robotic architectures can be actuated by cables attached to the links at desired positions to achieve the desired range of motion. There are possible applications for such mechanisms where low moving inertia is required. One of the challenges in the design of cable-driven mechanisms is to identify the regions where cables remain in tension. However, routing of the cables through multiple links i.e., cable co-sharing, alters the performance characteristics of the manipulator. This paper discusses the effect of cable co-sharing on the workspace of serial chain systems. Further, changes to be made in architecture to facilitate co-sharing is discussed. A planar 2 link cable-driven serial chain manipulator is considered for the analysis to present the advantages offered by co-sharing architecture in designing a compact system.
Efficacy, Safety, and Dermal Tolerability of Dapsone Gel, 7.5% in Patients with Moderate Acne Vulgaris: A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase 3 Trials. (2016)

<b>Objective:</b> Assess efficacy and safety of once-daily topical dapsone gel, 7.5% compared with vehicle for treating acne vulgaris (acne). <b>Design:</b> A pooled analysis of data from two identically designed, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter, 12-week clinical trials. <b>Setting:</b> Study sites in the United States and Canada. <b>Participants:</b> overall, 4,340 patients were randomized 1:1 to dapsone and vehicle. Criteria included age 12 years or older with acne diagnosis, 20 to 50 facial inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules), 30 to 100 facial noninflammatory lesions (open and closed comedones), and acne grade of 3 (moderate) on the Global Acne Assessment Score scale. <b>Measurements:</b> Efficacy assessments included the Global Acne Assessment Score success rate (proportion of patients with Global Acne Assessment Score of 0 [none] or 1 [minimal]) and percentage change from baseline in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions at Week 12. <b>Results:</b> Global Acne Assessment Score success rates were 29.8 percent and 21.1 percent for patients who received dapsone gel, 7.5% and vehicle, respectively (<i>p</i><0.001). Patients receiving dapsone gel, 7.5% had greater percentage change in lesion counts than patients receiving vehicle (inflammatory lesions: -54.6% vs. -48.1%; <i>p</i><0.001; -45.1 %; noninflammatory lesions: -39.4%; <i>p</i><0.001). Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Mean dermal tolerability scores for stinging/burning, dryness, scaling, and erythema were similarly low with dapsone gel, 7.5% and vehicle. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dapsone gel, 7.5%, with a 50-percent greater dapsone concentration than twice-daily dapsone gel, 5% formulation, is applied topically once daily for acne, is effective, safe, and well-tolerated over 12 weeks, and has local tolerability similar to that of vehicle. www.clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01974141 and NCT01974323.
10E-1 A New Unidirectional Transducer Using Proximity Coupling Between Bidirectional Tracks (2007)

Usually, directivity is obtained in SPUDTs by cascading reflective cells and transduction cells in the same acoustic track. An alternate approach was presented by G. Martin et al. who described a SPUDT using two tracks. The first track had only sources while the second track had sources and reflectors. The directivity was created by proximity coupling of these two tracks. The drawback of the original structure is due to the low aperture needed to get enough coupling between the tracks. A new device based on a similar approach is presented. The number of tracks is increased to obtain lower impedances and more efficient transduction cells are used. We called this new device the proximity-multi-track unidirectional transducer or PMUDT.
Interleukin-13 Gene Therapy Reduces Inflammation, Vascularization, and Bony Destruction in Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (2002)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by synovial pannus formation, leukocyte infiltration, and angiogenesis. Adenoviral production of interleukin-13 (IL-13) reduces levels of proinflammatory mediators in an explant model of RA synovial tissue in vitro. To assess this approach in an animal model of arthritis, we compared intra-articular injections of an adenovirus producing rat IL-13 (AxCArIL-13), a control virus, and rat ankles receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). We demonstrate that IL-13 levels are normally low in ankles throughout the course of rat AIA. We show that administration of AxCArIL-13 before arthritis onset significantly reduces ankle circumference, paw volume, bony destruction, the number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), the quantity of blood vessels, and levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in ankles. When administered as a treatment to inflamed ankles, AxCArIL-13 decreases articular index scores, paw volumes, bony destruction, vascularization, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels, and the quantity of monocytes, lymphocytes, and PMNs. Thus, increasing IL-13 levels significantly ameliorates the course of rat AIA, suggesting that similar strategies for the treatment of human RA are worthy of further study.
2,3-Anti Selective Aldol Reaction of Phenylacetonitrile (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3-Anti Selective Aldol Reaction of PhenylacetonitrilePaul R. Carlier and Kam Moon LoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 15, 4053–4055Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00094a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00094a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The influence of olfactory and tactile stimuli on the feeding behavior of Melibe leonina (Gould, 1852) (Opisthobranchia: Dendronotacea) (1993)

The nudibranch Melibe leonine feeds using the rhythmic movements of its large oral hood to capture small crustaceans that are present in the water column. The frequency of these feeding movements, or hood closures, is proportional to the concentration of available prey. The purpose of this study was to determine what qualities of prey cause the rate of these feeding movements to change. Animals were observed during exposure to the following treatments: (1) filtered seawater; (2) Artemia-conditioned seawater (smell); (3) small particles in seawater; (4) particles soaked in Artemia-conditioned seawater; (5) frozen Artemia and; (6) live Artemia. Both conditioned water and particles caused appetitive behavior (orientation of the oral hood) and a significant increase in the frequency of hood closures. This incrase in rate had a rapid onset and was maintained throughout the duration of the 20-min test period. The major difference between the effects of the two stimuli was that smell alone led to incomplete feeding cycles while particle treatments yielded normal feeding behavior. When applied together these stimuli produced a larger response than either one did alone. However, no combination of stimuli was as effective as live prey. We conclude that both tactile and chemical cues are sufficient to elicit an increase in the feeding movements of Melibe leonine, but some additional stimulus provided by live prey, such as vibrations, may play an important role as well. The information provided by these stimuli helps initiate appetitive and early aspects of the consummartory phases of feeding, and also influences full expression of the rhythmic feeding motor program.