gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bayesian classification‐based approaches for Android malware detection (2013)

Mobile malware has been growing in scale and complexity spurred by the unabated uptake of smartphones worldwide. Android is fast becoming the most popular mobile platform resulting in sharp increase in malware targeting the platform. Additionally, Android malware is evolving rapidly to evade detection by traditional signature‐based scanning. Despite current detection measures in place, timely discovery of new malware is still a critical issue. This calls for novel approaches to mitigate the growing threat of zero‐day Android malware. Hence, the authors develop and analyse proactive machine‐learning approaches based on Bayesian classification aimed at uncovering unknown Android malware via static analysis. The study, which is based on a large malware sample set of majority of the existing families, demonstrates detection capabilities with high accuracy. Empirical results and comparative analysis are presented offering useful insight towards development of effective static‐analytic Bayesian classification‐based solutions for detecting unknown Android malware.
pKa Values and Geometries of Secondary and Tertiary Amines Complexed to Boronic AcidsImplications for Sensor Design (2001)

[structure in text] The pK(a) values and the geometries of secondary and tertiary amines adjacent to boronic acids were determined using potentiometric and (11)B NMR titrations. The studies showed that the secondary ammonium ion has a pK(a) similar to that of the tertiary ammonium species, which leads to the formation of tetrahedral boron centers at pH values above approximately 5.5. Therefore, secondary amines as well as tertiary amines, when placed proximal to boron centers, can be used to create tetrahedral boronic acids at neutral pH for diol complexation.
Texture analysis of iodine maps and conventional images for k-nearest neighbor classification of benign and metastatic lung nodules (2021)

First-order texture feature analysis of contrast-enhanced staging SDCT scans of the chest yield accurate differentiation between benign and metastatic lung nodules. In our study cohort, the most powerful iodine map-derived feature slightly, yet insignificantly increased classification accuracy compared to classification based on conventional image features only.
Deep‐UV Lithography of Nanocomposite Thin Films into Magnetooptical Gratings with Submicron Periodicity (2020)

Abstract Incompatibility of conventional magneto‐optical (MO) materials with photonic‐system fabrication processes constitutes a major technological roadblock limiting their integration into photonic devices, especially for micro‐ or nano‐patterned films. This paper proposes a photolithography approach toward MO micro‐ and nano‐patterns, based on hybrid photosensitive matrices doped with magnetic nanoparticles to concentrations as high as 20 % vol. The as‐prepared and characterized nanocomposite thin films exhibit excellent MO properties: a high Faraday rotation (3300°/cm), comparable with the best existing materials that nevertheless require much more involved processes. The photosensitive matrices allow patterned gratings with a wide range of periods (100 μm to 500 nm), using a simple procedure at room temperature. The fabricated gratings exhibit well‐defined regular structures and resolutions suitable for optical applications, including those at telecommunications wavelengths. Finally, direct applications of the proposed material and its associated process are demonstrated on two examples: 1) a magneto‐optical grating in free‐space and 2) in combination with a waveguide. The obtained optical and MO results are consistent with simulations.
The Charcot Foot in Diabetes (2011)

The diabetic Charcot foot syndrome is a serious and potentially limb-threatening lower-extremity complication of diabetes. First described in 1883, this enigmatic condition continues to challenge even the most experienced practitioners. Now considered an inflammatory syndrome, the diabetic Charcot foot is characterized by varying degrees of bone and joint disorganization secondary to underlying neuropathy, trauma, and perturbations of bone metabolism. An international task force of experts was convened by the American Diabetes Association and the American Podiatric Medical Association in January 2011 to summarize available evidence on the pathophysiology, natural history, presentations, and treatment recommendations for this entity.
A study of the environmental survival ofMycobacterium bovison a farm in New Zealand (1995)

Mycobacterium bovis organisms absorbed on cotton ribbons were placed in different natural habitats on a farm in New Zealand. Mycobacterium bovis was not re-isolated from ribbons placed on pasture after 4 days. Survival on ribbons was longest in brushtail possum dens, where the maximum period of survival in dens was less than 7 days in summer and greater than 14 days but less than 28 days in winter and spring. The maximum period of survival on a forest floor was intermediate between pasture and dens less than 4 days in summer and greater than 14 days but less than 28 days in winter. The overall probability of survival was influenced by season and was shortest in summer and longest in spring and winter. Survival time increased as minimum daily temperatures decreased. These studies showed there was a relatively short period of survival of M. bovis outside hosts and support a conclusion that environmental contamination of pasture, particularly in summer months, may be relatively unimportant in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in cattle, deer and possums.
Identification of nine cryptic species of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis complexes using one-step multiplex PCR (2018)

Our developed multiplex assay is accurate, specific, cost/time-saving, and works without the tedious DNA extraction steps. It could be integrated into routine clinical laboratories and as a reliable identification tool and has the potential to be implemented into epidemiological studies to broaden the limited knowledge of cryptic species complexes.
An overview of the inherent oxidation sensitivity and DLO behavior of epoxy materials. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Sphere Decoding Algorithms With Improved Radius Search (2005)

We start by identifying a relatively efficient version of sphere decoding algorithm (SDA) that performs exact maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding. We develop novel algorithms based on an improved increasing radius search (IIRS), which offer error performance and decoding complexity between two extremes: the ML receiver and the nulling-canceling (NC) receiver with detection ordering. With appropriate choices of parameters, our IIRS offers the flexibility to trade error performance for complexity. We provide design intuitions and guidelines, analytical parameter specifications, and a semianalytical error-performance analysis. Simulations illustrate that IIRS achieves considerable complexity reduction, while maintaining performance close to ML.
Patient Beliefs and Behaviors About Genomic Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prevention (2015)

Type 2 diabetes is a major health burden in the United States, and population trends suggest this burden will increase. High interest in, and increased availability of, testing for genetic risk of type 2 diabetes presents a new opportunity for reducing type 2 diabetes risk for many patients; however, to date, there is little evidence that genetic testing positively affects type 2 diabetes prevention. Genetic information may not fit patients' illness representations, which may reduce the chances of risk-reducing behavior changes. The present study aimed to examine illness representations in a clinical sample who are at risk for type 2 diabetes and interested in genetic testing. The authors used the Common Sense Model to analyze survey responses of 409 patients with type 2 diabetes risk factors. Patients were interested in genetic testing for type 2 diabetes risk and believed in its importance. Most patients believed that genetic factors are important to developing type 2 diabetes (67%), that diet and exercise are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes (95%), and that lifestyle changes are more effective than drugs (86%). Belief in genetic causality was not related to poorer self-reported health behaviors. These results suggest that patients' interest in genetic testing for type 2 diabetes might produce a teachable moment that clinicians can use to counsel behavior change.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition during experimental sepsis improves renal excretory function in the presence of chronically increased atrial natriuretic peptide (1996)

In this ovine model of experimental hyperdynamic sepsis, renal excretory function decreases in the presence of chronically increased concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide. Administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, reverses the vasodilatory state, thereby improving fluid balance and glomerular filtration.
Synthesis of 1,3-Diols: Its Application to the Synthesis of α-Lipoic Acid (1987)

Abstract 1,3-diols have been prepared from monosubstituted olefins, and the utility of this method in the synthesis of α-lipoic acid has been described.
Broadband Optical Amplifier for a Wavelength Region of 1515 – 1775 nm (2017)

We report the first demonstration of optical amplifier based on bismuth- and erbium-codoped germanosilicate fibers. The 15-dB small-signal gain window covers a 260-nm band by using a single-wavelength pumping at 1460 nm.
A Secreted Isoform of ErbB3 Promotes Osteonectin Expression in Bone and Enhances the Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer Cells (2007)

The propensity for prostate cancer to metastasize to bone led us and others to propose that bidirectional interactions between prostate cancer cells and bone are critical for the preferential metastasis of prostate cancer to bone. We identified previously a secreted isoform of ErbB3 (p45-sErbB3) in bone marrow supernatant samples from men with prostate cancer and bone metastasis and showed by immunohistochemical analysis of human tissue specimens that p45-sErbB3 was highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer cells in bone. Here, we show that p45-sErbB3 stimulated mouse calvaria to secrete factors that increased the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in a Boyden chamber invasion assay. Using gene array analysis to identify p45-sErbB3-responsive genes, we found that p45-sErbB3 up-regulated the expression of osteonectin/SPARC, biglycan, and type I collagen in calvaria. We further show that recombinant osteonectin increased the invasiveness of PC-3 cells, whereas osteonectin-neutralizing antibodies blocked this p45-sErbB3-induced invasiveness. These results indicate that p45-sErbB3 enhances the invasiveness of PC-3 cells in part by stimulating the secretion of osteonectin by bone. Thus, p45-sErbB3 may mediate the bidirectional interactions between prostate cancer cells and bone via osteonectin.
Stereocomplexes of Enantiomeric Lactic Acid and Sebacic Acid Ester−Anhydride Triblock Copolymers (2002)

A systematic study on the synthesis, characterization, degradation, and drug release of d-, l-, and dl-poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-terminated poly(sebacic acid) (PSA) and their stereocomplexes is reported. PLA-terminated sebacic acid polymers were synthesized by melt condensation of the acetate anhydride derivatives of PLA oligomers and sebacic anhydride oligomers to yield ABA triblock copolymers of molecular weights between 3000 and 9000 that melt at temperatures between 35 and 80 degrees C. Pairs of the corresponding enantiomeric ABA copolymers composed of l-PLA-PSA-l-PLA and d-PLA-PSA-d-PLA were solvent mixed to form stereocomplexes. The formed stereocomplexes exhibited higher crystalline melting temperature than the enantiomeric polymers, which indicate stereocomplex formulation. The PLA terminals had a significant effect on the polymer degradation and drug release rate. PSA with up to 20% w/w of PLA terminals degraded and released the incorporated drug for more than 3 weeks as compared with 10 days for PSA homopolymer.
Decision theoretic framework for NLOS identification (2002)

This paper presents the problem of identifying whether a received signal at a base station is due to a line-of-sight (LOS) transmission or not (NLOS). This is a first step towards estimating the mobile station's location. We formulate the NLOS identification problem as a binary hypothesis test where the range measurements are modeled as being corrupted by additive noise, with different probability distributions depending on the hypothesis. We solve the binary hypothesis test under several assumptions, proposing appropriate decision criteria.
Simulation of heterogeneous and interdependent critical infrastructures (2007)

In this paper, a simulation tool specifically designed for the analysis of heterogeneous and (inter)dependent infrastructures is proposed. The simulator, named Critical Infrastructure Simulation by Interdependent Agents (CISIA), adopts a modular and sufficiently abstract representation of the different infrastructures' components to allow consistent descriptions, starting from the incomplete and generic data acquirable from stakeholders. An important part of the modelling effort was reserved for the representation of the dependencies and interdependencies, these being the cause of the complex behaviours we are interested in. Each component interacts with the others via a multitude of mechanisms that codify different concepts of proximity. The simulator has been used to analyse, in a simplified scenario, crisis evolution in the urban area of Rome, in the presence of a failure in the electric power system.
Sex is an important prognostic factor for glioblastoma but not for nonglioblastoma (2019)

Using the NCDB data, there was a statistically significant female survival advantage in GBM, but not in non-GBM.
Design and Validation of a Low-Level Controller for Hierarchically Controlled Exoskeletons (2023)

In this work, a generalized low-level controller is presented for sensor collection, motor input, and networking with a high-level controller. In hierarchically controlled exoskeletal systems, which utilize series elastic actuators (SEAs), the hardware for sensor collection and motor command is separated from the computationally expensive high-level controller algorithm. The low-level controller is a hardware device that must collect sensor feedback, condition and filter the measurements, send actuator inputs, and network with the high-level controller at a real-time rate. This research outlines the hardware of two printed circuit board (PCB) designs for collecting and conditioning sensor feedback from two SEA subsystems and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The SEAs have a joint and motor encoder, motor current, and force sensor feedback that can be measured using the proposed generalized low-level controller presented in this work. In addition, the high and low-level networking approach is discussed in detail, with a full breakdown of the data storage within a communication frame during the run-time operation. The challenges of device synchronization and updates rates of high and low-level controllers are also discussed. Further, the low-level controller was validated using a pendulum test bed, complete with full sensor feedback, including IMU results for two open-loop scenarios. Moreover, this work can be extended to other hierarchically controlled robotic systems that utilize SEA subsystems, such as humanoid robots, assistive rehabilitation robots, training simulators, and robotic-assisted surgical devices. The hardware and software designs presented in this work are available open source to enable researchers with a direct solution for data acquisition and the control of low-level devices in a robotic system.
Parameter Estimation of Sigmoid Superpositions: Dynamical System Approach (2003)

Superposition of sigmoid function over a finite time interval is shown to be equivalent to the linear combination of the solutions of a linearly parameterized system of logistic differential equations. Due to the linearity with respect to the parameters of the system, it is possible to design an effective procedure for parameter adjustment. Stability properties of this procedure are analyzed.
Superdirective spherical radiator (1977)

The condition for the maximum directivity from a spherical radiator is presented and it is shown that this directivity index is 20 log N, where N is the number of consecutive modes excited. For superdirectivity, the relationship among the expansion coefficients is particularly simple and a closed-form expression for the beam-pattern function results. Using this method, a high directivity may be obtained no matter how small the sphere is, provided that the prescribed velocity distribution is maintained. Examples of the resulting beam patterns are given.
Female Sexual Dysfunction (2004)

The lower urinary tract has two essential functions: the low-pressure storage of urine in acontinent reservoir, and the timely expulsion of stored urine in a coordinated, efficient, andcomplete fashion. These two mutually exclusive functions are ultimately determined by theactivity of the smooth and striated musculature of the bladder, urethra, and external urethralsphincter under the control of various neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord. Although aresult of complex interplay between both the central and peripheral nervous systems, thesefunctions are also influenced by several anatomic factors such as integrity of the pelvic floorsupport and dynamic relationship of the bladder and its outlet to various points in the bonypelvis and adjacent organs during voiding. In addition, as our understanding of lower urinarytract neurophysiology grows, so grows the list of neurotransmitters and receptors identified ashaving a role in voiding function and dysfunction. Voiding dysfunction can occur as a resultof neurologic disease or injury, disturbance of anatomical relationships within the pelvis andurinary organs, or as an unwanted, often unrecognized pharmacologic effect of medicaltherapy for other diseases. Voiding dysfunction also occurs as a result of normal aging andis affected by changes in the viscoelastic properties of the bladder wall. As with otherneurologic systems, innervation of the lower urinary tract is not static; it changes inresponse to disease and aging. This phenomenon is known as neural plasticity. More oftenthan not, the etiology of voiding dysfunction is multifactorial, so a fundamental under-standing of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiologic mechanisms of the lower urinary tract isessential.
Three VSX1 Gene Mutations, L159M, R166W, and H244R, Are Not Associated With Keratoconus (2008)

We cannot confirm the previously reported association of the polymorphism in the VSX1 gene with keratoconus. In our case-control sample panel and the larger familial sample panel, we did not observe the reported polymorphism of the VSX1 gene, and the distribution of these 3 polymorphisms was not significant enough to support a pathogenetic role in keratoconus.
The Aurora Kinase Inhibitor CCT137690 Downregulates MYCN and Sensitizes MYCN -Amplified Neuroblastoma In Vivo (2011)

Aurora kinases regulate key stages of mitosis including centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Aurora A and B kinase overexpression has also been associated with various human cancers, and as such, they have been extensively studied as novel antimitotic drug targets. Here, we characterize the Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT137690, a highly selective, orally bioavailable imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivative that inhibits Aurora A and B kinases with low nanomolar IC(50) values in both biochemical and cellular assays and exhibits antiproliferative activity against a wide range of human solid tumor cell lines. CCT137690 efficiently inhibits histone H3 and transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 phosphorylation (Aurora B and Aurora A substrates, respectively) in HCT116 and HeLa cells. Continuous exposure of tumor cells to the inhibitor causes multipolar spindle formation, chromosome misalignment, polyploidy, and apoptosis. This is accompanied by p53/p21/BAX induction, thymidine kinase 1 downregulation, and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, CCT137690 treatment of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines inhibits cell proliferation and decreases MYCN protein expression. Importantly, in a transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma that overexpresses MYCN protein and is predisposed to spontaneous neuroblastoma formation, this compound significantly inhibits tumor growth. The potent preclinical activity of CCT137690 suggests that this inhibitor may benefit patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
Interplay between faults and lava flows in construction of the upper oceanic crust: The East Pacific Rise crest 9°25′–9°58′N (2007)

The distribution of faults and fault characteristics along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) crest between 9°25′N and 9°58′N were studied using high‐resolution side‐scan sonar data and near‐bottom bathymetric profiles. The resulting analysis shows important variations in the density of deformational features and tectonic strain estimates at young seafloor relative to older, sediment‐covered seafloor of the same spreading age. We estimate that the expression of tectonic deformation and associated strain on “old” seafloor is ∼5 times greater than that on “young” seafloor, owing to the frequent fault burial by recent lava flows. Thus the unseen, volcanically overprinted tectonic deformation may contribute from 30% to 100% of the ∼300 m of subsidence required to fully build up the extrusive pile (Layer 2A). Many longer lava flows (greater than ∼1 km) dam against inward facing fault scarps. This limits their length at distances of 1–2 km, which are coincident with where the extrusive layer acquires its full thickness. More than 2% of plate separation at the EPR is accommodated by brittle deformation, which consists mainly of inward facing faults (∼70%). Faulting at the EPR crest occurs within the narrow, ∼4 km wide upper crust that behaves as a brittle lid overlying the axial magma chamber. Deformation at greater distances off axis (up to 40 km) is accommodated by flexure of the lithosphere due to thermal subsidence, resulting in ∼50% inward facing faults accommodating ∼50% of the strain. On the basis of observed burial of faults by lava flows and damming of flows by fault scarps, we find that the development of Layer 2A is strongly controlled by low‐relief growth faults that form at the ridge crest and its upper flanks. In turn, those faults have a profound impact on how lava flows are distributed along and across the ridge crest.
Dose-Dependent Modulation of Tissue Factor Protein and Procoagulant Activity in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (2011)

Low concentrations of oxLDL enhance TF expression in MDMs, whereas higher concentrations attenuate TF expression both at baseline as well as following LPS stimulation. Both TF-PCA and TF protein follow this dose-response pattern that is preceded by concordant mRNA changes. Thus, we have demonstrated modulation by oxLDL of TF protein and bioactivity in MDMs.