gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The action of acetylcholine on background conductance in frog atrial trabeculae. (1978)

The action of acetylcholine (ACh) on membrane potential and currents in frog atrial muscle has been studied with a double sucrose gap technique. The results show the following. 1. ACh induces the development of an extra current, outward at the resting potential, which is dependent on the ACh concentration. 2. The preparation does not show any sign of desensitization. 3. The reversal potential of the current induced by ACh is between 0 and 20 mV more negative than the resting potential and behaves as a K electrode. 4. The mechanism of ACh-induced K conductance presents inward going rectification properties. 5. The delayed outward current is not affected by ACh. However the evolution of its tail current seems to indicate a process of K accumulation related to the ACh-induced current.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILICONE OIL AGAINST ENDOPHTHALMITIS-CAUSING AGENTS (1999)

Silicone oil has an antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and Aspergillus spp., which are common endophthalmitis-causing agents.
Field enhancement and optical trapping with plasmonic nano antennas on silicon-based waveguides (2015)

Plasmonic nano antennas like dimers, bowties, and others have been investigated for their capability to provide a strong near-field enhancement when illuminated by external light. Traditionally these nano antennas, isolated or arrayed, are placed on a substrate and used in spectroscopy techniques. Surfaces made of such plasmonic nano antennas have been very useful, for example for surface enhanced Raman scattering, providing various orders of magnitude of enhanced sensitivity. These instruments however are not economic and are often not mobile since surfaces require an external beam illumination and the Raman scattering is detected by a large aperture microscope. We propose a technique where optical plasmonic nano antennas are located in proximity of silicon based waveguides that provide both for illumination and detection channels. The evanescent field surrounding the waveguide is capable to excite the proximity resonant nano antenna and generate the very strong field enhancement in the antenna gaps. Intensity enhancement reaches three or four orders of magnitude. Such nano antennas are used also for detection schemes and they provide very high sensitivity to molecular scattering, for example, when molecules are placed in the antenna “hot spot”. A couple of different silicon based waveguide will be investigated with coupling to various possible plasmonic nano antennas. First we investigate the field enhancement and then the coupling to waveguide modes.
Design of a Graphical User Interface for a Multimedia DBMS: Query Management Facility (1991)

This thesis presents criteria and necessary features by which to evaluate and design a good graphical user interface (GUI) for a Multimedia Database Management system (MDBMS). This material is also applicable to a traditional DBMS. Included in the thesis is the specification for a Query Management Facility (QMF) for a MDBMS user interface. The nature and benefits of the GUI environment, requires that we consider GUI concepts early in the user interface conceptualization and design. In today's DBMS user interfaces, these GUI concepts are for the most part applied as an afterthough. This is a critical mistake. Early incorporation of GUI capabilities along with established user interface principles results in a superior user interface. The QMF presented herein is one such interface. It combines the ideas of simple operations and data flow to allow the user to specify his query. Additional concepts used include: picture of the database schema, picture of the developing query, selectable objects, direct manipulation, piecemeal query specification, display of intermediate results and pre-defined joints. The resulting QMF is simple to use and enables the flexible expression of the simple as well as the complex database query.
Yields of radiation products in sodium metaphosphate glasses (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYields of radiation products in sodium metaphosphate glassesYoshimitsu Kobayashi, Aaron Barkatt, and Joseph RabaniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 7, 752–756Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100600a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100600a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Driver State Modeling through Latent Variable State Space Framework in the Wild (2022)

Analyzing the impact of the environment on drivers' stress level and workload is of high importance for designing human-centered driver-vehicle interaction systems and to ultimately help build a safer driving experience. However, driver's state, including stress level and workload, are psychological constructs that cannot be measured on their own and should be estimated through sensor measurements such as psychophysiological measures. We propose using a latent-variable state-space modeling framework for driver state analysis. By using latent-variable state-space models, we model drivers' workload and stress levels as latent variables estimated through multimodal human sensing data, under the perturbations of the environment in a state-space format and in a holistic manner. Through using a case study of multimodal driving data collected from 11 participants, we first estimate the latent stress level and workload of drivers from their heart rate, gaze measures, and intensity of facial action units. We then show that external contextual elements such as the number of vehicles as a proxy for traffic density and secondary task demands may be associated with changes in driver's stress levels and workload. We also show that different drivers may be impacted differently by the aforementioned perturbations. We found out that drivers' latent states at previous timesteps are highly associated with their current states. Additionally, we discuss the utility of state-space models in analyzing the possible lag between the two constructs of stress level and workload, which might be indicative of information transmission between the different parts of the driver's psychophysiology in the wild.
Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (2013)

Daily vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and then infancy with 1000/400 IU or 2000/800 IU increases the proportion of infants with 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL, with the higher dose sustaining this increase for longer.
Predictive accuracy of risk factors and markers: a simulation study of the effect of novel markers on different performance measures for logistic regression models (2012)

The change in c-statistic is frequently used to summarize the change in predictive accuracy when a novel risk factor is added to an existing logistic regression model. We explored the relationship between the absolute change in the c-statistic, Brier score, generalized R(2) , and the discrimination slope when a risk factor was added to an existing model in an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations. The increase in model accuracy due to the inclusion of a novel marker was proportional to both the prevalence of the marker and to the odds ratio relating the marker to the outcome but inversely proportional to the accuracy of the logistic regression model with the marker omitted. We observed greater improvements in model accuracy when the novel risk factor or marker was uncorrelated with the existing predictor variable compared with when the risk factor has a positive correlation with the existing predictor variable. We illustrated these findings by using a study on mortality prediction in patients hospitalized with heart failure. In conclusion, the increase in predictive accuracy by adding a marker should be considered in the context of the accuracy of the initial model.
Artificial pancreas: an emerging approach to treat Type 1 diabetes (2009)

Intensive insulin therapy aimed at achieving normal glucose levels significantly reduces the complications that are associated with diabetes but is also associated with an increased risk of low glucose levels (hypoglycemia). The growing use of continuous glucose monitors has stimulated the development of the artificial pancreas, a closed-loop insulin-delivery system aimed at restoring near-normal glucose levels while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. The artificial pancreas comprises three components: a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin infusion pump and a control algorithm delivering insulin according to real-time glucose readings. In this article, we review closed-loop glucose control, including its components, development, testing and clinical application.
Features of Growing Reactions to Macromolecules (1971)

高分子に生長するための要件としてモノマーの構造と反応性の関係,ポリマーラジカルやポリマーイオンの生長反応性,重合の場の状態の影響,重付加・重縮合における問題点などを考える。高分子に生長する反応が低分子の反応と異なる最大のポイントは,前者では生起した反応の形式が順序立ててポリマー鎖中に記億されるということである。α-オレフィンやエポキシド,あるいはメタクリル酸メチルの立体特異性重合を例にとってこの問題を考える。
Prolonged bed rest decreases skeletal muscle and whole body protein synthesis (1996)

We sought to determine the extent to which the loss of lean body mass and nitrogen during inactivity was due to alterations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Six male subjects were studied during 7 days of diet stabilization and after 14 days of stimulated microgravity (-6 degrees bed rest). Nitrogen balance became more negative (P < 0.03) during the 2nd wk of bed rest. Leg and whole body lean mass decreased after bed rest (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and testosterone values did not change. Arteriovenous model calculations based on the infusion of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine in five subjects revealed a 50% decrease in muscle protein synthesis (PS; P < 0.03). Fractional PS by tracer incorporation into muscle protein also decreased by 46% (P < 0.05). The decrease in PS was related to a corresponding decrease in the sum of intracellular amino acid appearance from protein breakdown and inward transport. Whole body protein synthesis determined by [15N]alanine ingestion on six subjects also revealed a 14% decrease (P < 0.01). Neither model-derived nor whole body values for protein breakdown change significantly. These results indicate that the loss of body protein with inactivity is predominantly due to a decrease in muscle PS and that this decrease is reflected in both whole body and skeletal muscle measures.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC)-Derived Combination of CXCL5 and Anti-CCL24 Is Synergistic and Superior to MSC and Cyclosporine for the Treatment of Graft-versus-Host Disease (2018)

The immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been clinically proven to be effective in treating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, MSC therapy is limited by the need for laborious and expensive manufacturing processes that are fraught with batch-to-batch variability. Substitution of MSC therapy with key MSC-mediated immunomodulatory factors could be an option for GVHD treatment. Using a simulated in vitro model of the immunosuppressive effects of MSC on allogeneic graft reactions, a synergistic 2-factor combination (2FC) of CXCL5 and anti-CCL24 was identified from a panel of over 100 immunomodulatory factors as being superior to MSCs in the modulation of mixed lymphocyte reactions. This 2FC was superior to cyclosporine in ameliorating both moderate and severe GVHD while being equivalent to MSCs in moderate GVHD and superior to MSCs in severe GVHD. Its immunosuppressive efficacy could be further improved by extended treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that in vitro the 2FC could only reduce the proliferation of Th 1 and Th 17, whereas in vivo CXCL5 acts in concert with anti-CCL24 antibody to reduce not only transplanted Th 1 and Th 17 but also cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells to increase mouse immunosuppressive neutrophils without affecting human hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution. Concurrently, it reduced circulating human proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that CXCL5 and anti-CCL24 antibody act in concert to ameliorate GVHD via suppression of Th 1 and Th 17 responses. We propose that this novel 2FC could substitute for MSC therapy in GVHD treatment.
Poles and Resonances inηPhotoproduction (1967)

Various combinations of poles and resonances have been tried to determine just which combinations yield reasonable fits to the total and differential cross-section data for the process $\ensuremath{\gamma}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}+p$. In each case the best values of the parameters have been obtained by minimizing ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$. Excellent fits ($\frac{{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}}{N}\ensuremath{\approx}0.8$) are obtained for certain combinations of poles and resonances. All solutions with the ${S}_{11}(1570)$ resonance omitted have rather poor values of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$, and the ${P}_{11}(1400)$ resonance cannot be used in lieu of the ${S}_{11}(1570)$ in this process. Evidence is obtained for classifying the ${F}_{15}(1688)$ as a member of an octet rather than a 27-plet. For all the models considered here, the value of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$-nucleon coupling constant ($\frac{{{g}_{\ensuremath{\eta}}}^{2}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}}$) is less than 2, indicating a $\frac{D}{F}$ ratio larger than $\frac{3}{2}$.
Intravitreal Sustained-Release Ganciclovir (1992)

Current treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome involves frequent intravenous administration of sodium ganciclovir that often results in unacceptable side effects. We have developed devices that release ganciclovir at rates of 2 micrograms/h and 5 micrograms/h in vitro. When implanted into the vitreous of rabbit eyes, mean intravitreal ganciclovir levels of 9 mg/L and 16 mg/L were maintained for more than 80 and 42 days, respectively. Devices were well tolerated, with no toxic effects attributable to the polymers used in the devices. This investigation indicates that these devices can maintain therapeutic levels of drug for extended periods and are well tolerated in the rabbit eye. They may prove useful in the clinical management of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. 2617—The effect of stereochemistry on the course of the characteristic ring D fragmentation of steroid hydrocarbons (1984)

Abstract The ring D cleavage of the sterol skeleton with loss of carbon atoms 15, 16 and 17 together with the side‐chain is one of the most characteristic and structurally useful mass spectral features of steroids. It has been tacitly assumed that the hydrogen rearrangements accompanying this process are not sensitive to stereochemical changes. Using deuterium labeling it has now been demonstrated that the stereochemistry at various positions of the nucleus, notably 8, 9 and 14, strongly affects this process. Possible rationalizations for this unexpected observation are presented.
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury, myelomeningocele, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (2011)

Exciting new features have been described concerning neurogenic bowel dysfunction, including interactions between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, axonal injury, neuronal loss, neurotransmission of noxious and non-noxious stimuli, and the fields of gastroenterology and neurology. Patients with spinal cord injury, myelomeningocele, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease present with serious upper and lower bowel dysfunctions characterized by constipation, incontinence, gastrointestinal motor dysfunction and altered visceral sensitivity. Spinal cord injury is associated with severe autonomic dysfunction, and bowel dysfunction is a major physical and psychological burden for these patients. An adult myelomeningocele patient commonly has multiple problems reflecting the multisystemic nature of the disease. Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder in which axonal injury, neuronal loss, and atrophy of the central nervous system can lead to permanent neurological damage and clinical disability. Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder involving dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic systems, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Parkinson's disease affects several neuronal structures outside the substantia nigra, among which is the enteric nervous system. Recent reports have shown that the lesions in the enteric nervous system occur in very early stages of the disease, even before the involvement of the central nervous system. This has led to the postulation that the enteric nervous system could be critical in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, as it could represent the point of entry for a putative environmental factor to initiate the pathological process. This review covers the data related to the etiology, epidemiology, clinical expression, pathophysiology, genetic aspects, gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, visceral sensitivity, management, prevention and prognosis of neurogenic bowel dysfunction patients with these neurological diseases. Embryological, morphological and experimental studies on animal models and humans are also taken into account.
Scalability and Fault Tolerance of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Sparse Grids (2014)

In this work we investigate the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for the solution of regression problems using sparse grids on parallel and distributed systems. This method was successfully used in a number of applications for the parallel processing of large datasets. While the method allows for both parallelization in the data and in the degrees of freedom, research was mostly focused on the first approach so far. In this work we consider and compare both approaches.
Sex differences in risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with COPD: The 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021)

Female sex is a main risk factor of depressive symptoms in adults with COPD. As risk factors of depressive symptoms in COPD patients vary according to their sex, different approaches are needed to manage depression in males and females with COPD.
A 11×6 element pyroelectric detector array utilizing self-polarized pzt thin films grown by sputtering (1997)

Abstract A planar multi target sputtering approach was used to deposit PbTiO3 (PT) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) films on TiO2/Pt bottom electrodes for the use in thin film pyroelectric IR detector arrays. PZT films with a Zr content of 28 at% (PZ28T) exhibited the best pyroelectric coefficient of typically 2×10−4 Cm−2K−1. The PZ28T films have been used for fabricating a two dimensional 11×6 pixel pyroelectric detector array on Si wafers. The array pixels with a sensitive area of 280 ×280 μm2 have a noise lequivalent power NEP of less than 0.7 nW at 1 Hz. It is planned to use the detector array in systems for motion detection.
Racial disparities in patient survival and tumor mutation burden, and the association between tumor mutation burden and cancer incidence rate (2017)

The causes underlying racial disparities in cancer are multifactorial. In addition to socioeconomic issues, biological factors may contribute to these inequities, especially in disease incidence and patient survival. To date, there have been few studies that relate the disparities in these aspects to genetic aberrations. In this work, we studied the impacts of race on the patient survival and tumor mutation burden using the data released by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The potential relationship between mutation burden and disease incidence is further inferred by an integrative analysis of TCGA data and the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The results show that disparities are present (p < 0.05) in patient survival of five cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The numbers of tumor driver mutations are differentiated (p < 0.05) over the racial groups in five cancers, such as lung adenocarcinoma. By treating a specific cancer type and a racial group as an "experimental unit", driver mutation numbers demonstrate a significant (r = 0.46, p < 0.002) positive correlation with cancer incidence rates, especially when the five cancers with mutational disparities are exclusively focused (r = 0.88, p < 0.00002). These results enrich our understanding of racial disparities in cancer and carcinogenic process.
The Laws of Proportioning Concrete (1907)

Experiments made by one of the authors at Little Falls, N. J., in 1901, upon the density and transverse strength of concrete beams mixed in various proportions, by weight, ranging in proportions from 1 : 0 to 1 : 6 : 10, indicated that the strength of concrete varies with the percentage of cement contained in a unit volume of the set concrete, and also with the density of the specimen. With the same percentage of cement in a given volume of concrete, the densest mixture, irrespective of the relative proportions of the sand and stone, was in general the strongest.
The phase equilibria of some compound semiconductors by DTA calorimetry (1963)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/6101/5/bac7655.0001.001.pdf
Structural Models of Ligand‐Gated Ion Channels: Sites of Action for Anesthetics and Ethanol (2013)

The molecular mechanism(s) of action of anesthetic, and especially, intoxicating doses of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) have been of interest even before the advent of the Research Society on Alcoholism. Recent physiological, genetic, and biochemical studies have pin-pointed molecular targets for anesthetics and EtOH in the brain as ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) membrane proteins, especially the pentameric (5 subunit) Cys-loop superfamily of neurotransmitter receptors including nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChRs), GABAA (GABAA Rs), and glycine receptors (GlyRs). The ability to demonstrate molecular and structural elements of these proteins critical for the behavioral effects of these drugs on animals and humans provides convincing evidence for their role in the drugs' actions. Amino acid residues necessary for pharmacologically relevant allosteric modulation of LGIC function by anesthetics and EtOH have been identified in these channel proteins. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed potential allosteric modulatory sites in both the trans-membrane domain (TMD) and extracellular domain (ECD). Potential sites of action and binding have been deduced from homology modeling of other LGICs with structures known from crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy studies. Direct information about ligand binding in the TMD has been obtained by photoaffinity labeling, especially in GABAA Rs. Recent structural information from crystallized procaryotic (ELIC and GLIC) and eukaryotic (GluCl) LGICs allows refinement of the structural models including evaluation of possible sites of EtOH action.