gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Surface Properties and Phase Behavior of Poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethyleneoxide) Multiblock Copolymers (2000)

Several different multi-block poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethyleneoxide) (PDMS-b-PEO) copolymers were synthesized in order to study their phase behavior and surface properties. The surface properties of the PDMS-b-PEO polymers were studied using water contact angle measurements. Their phase behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The water contact angle values were measured for cured PDMS-b-PEO copolymer films. The contact angle values were found to change quite dramatically with extended measurement time for the films made of single phase PDMS-b-PEO copolymers. Initially, single phase materials showed similar values to PDMS, but dropped far below the values of PDMS with extended time. This observation indicates the reorientation or migration of PEO segments on the surface, giving an environment responsive character for these materials. In the case where the film was made of phase separated PDMS-b-PEO copolymer, behavior similar to PDMS was found for the whole range of the time measurements. This indicates that the surface of the film was covered with PDMS blocks and the PEO blocks were not able to migrate or reorient to the surface.
Multicentre evaluation of a direct agglutination test prototype kit (DAT-LPC) for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (2017)

In this study, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of a previously developed direct agglutination test (DAT) using a freeze-dried antigen derived from Leishmania infantum promastigotes and composed in a prototype kit for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis, named DAT-LPC. To evaluate DAT-LPC reproducibility, the kit was used to analyse 207 serum samples from VL patients and 80 serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections or healthy subjects in four laboratories from different public health institutions in Brazil. DAT-LPC showed sensitivity between 96·2 and 99·5% (P = 0·14), specificity ranging from 96·2 to 97·5% (P = 0·95), and diagnostic accuracy ranging from 96·5 to 99% (P = 0·34). The inter-laboratory reproducibility of qualitative results was classified as excellent (κ index: 0·94-0·97). The reproducibility of the end-titre results in relation to the reference laboratory, ranged from 31 to 85%. These results demonstrate an excellent performance of the DAT-LPC, and validate it for the diagnosis of VL that could replace the immunofluorescent antibody test as the routine diagnostic test in the Brazilian public health system.
P15.01: The optimal antenatal surveillance strategy for monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twins (2015)

To investigate perinatal outcomes in MCMA twin pregnancies after the introduction of the current antenatal surveillance strategy in our centre. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 23 MCMA twin pregnancies. Three cases who were diagnosed as intrauterine fetal death of both fetuses at the first visit or who underwent selective fetal reduction were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) patients who underwent the new antenatal surveillance strategy introduced since 2011 (n = 10) and 2) those who received antenatal care before 2011 (n = 10). The new protocol was defined as hospitalisation at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation until delivery with the setting of daily fetal heart rate monitoring. Ten pregnancies before introduction of the new surveillance protocol received regular antenatal care at the outpatient clinics. When abnormal findings in surveillance were found, patients were admitted and intensive fetal surveillance was conducted. Ten patients were admitted at 24–28 weeks of gestation and received antenatal fetal surveillance (mainly non-stress test) one to three times a day. None of fetuses in the new protocol group died in utero and in neonatal period, while only 14 out of 20 fetuses in other group survived (p = 0.020). Other obstetric and neonatal outcomes were not different between the two groups. The new antenatal fetal surveillance protocol for MCMA twin pregnancies significantly reduced perinatal death.
PermutMatrix: a graphical environment to arrange gene expression profiles in optimal linear order (2004)

PermutMatrix is a work space designed to graphically explore gene expression data. It relies on the graphical approach introduced by Eisen and also offers several methods for the optimal reorganization of rows and columns of a numerical dataset. For example, several methods are proposed for optimal reorganization of the leaves of a hierarchical clustering tree, along with several seriation or unidimensional scaling methods that do not require any preliminary hierarchical clustering. This program, developed for MS Windows, with MS-Visual C++, has a clear and efficient graphical interface. Large datasets can be thoroughly and quickly analyzed.
ChemInform Abstract: Alumina‐Supported Gallium Oxide Catalysts for NO Selective Reduction: Influence of the Local Structure of Surface Gallium Oxide Species on the Catalytic Activity. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Whole plant cannabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review (2009)

We found evidence that combined THC and CBD extracts may provide therapeutic benefit for MS spasticity symptoms. Although some objective measures of spasticity noted improvement trends, there were no changes found to be significant in post-treatment assessments. However, subjective assessment of symptom relief did often show significant improvement post-treatment. Differences in assessment measures, reports of adverse events, and dosage levels are discussed.
Mutation/Polymorphism Scanning of Glucose-6-Phosphatase Gene Promoter in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients1 (1998)

Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of gluconeogenesis, and hepatic G6Pase activity is increased in diabetes. We have cloned and analyzed the human G6Pase gene promoter region and identified putative regulatory sequences for insulin, cAMP, glucocorticoid, and hepatocyte nuclear factors. The promoter region of the G6Pase gene was analyzed in 154 noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and 90 control subjects by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing methods. Polymorphisms were not found in any subjects. The results suggested that in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients, the major cause of the hepatic glucose overproduction was not attributed to dysregulation of the G6Pase gene due to mutation/polymorphism of its promoter region.
3D numerical simulation of coronary blood flow and its effect on endothelial cell activation (2009)

The goal of the present study was to develop a physiologically realistic 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the left coronary artery under normal and disease conditions to estimate blood flow induced shear stress, and then use the computed shear stress to stimulate vascular endothelial cells in vitro. A 3D geometry of the left coronary artery was built in ProE and the CFD analysis of the flow field was carried out in Fluent (v 6.23) under normal, 30%, 60% and 80% stenosis conditions. The transient blood flow velocity and shear stress were solved using a k-omega turbulence model. 3 typical shear stresses at normal, 80% stenosis and recirculation zone levels were applied to vascular endothelial cells in a cone and plate shearing device. Endothelial cell activation and injury induced by shear stress were measured by cell surface ICAM-1 and tissue factor expression, using fluorescence microscopy. Results demonstrated that oscillatory low shear stress present in the recirculation zones can significantly activate endothelial cells by enhancing ICAM-1 expression; while elevated shear stress at stenosis can induce endothelial cell damage by enhancing tissue factor expression. This study demonstrated that the combination of CFD and in vitro studies provided an efficient way to investigate the mechanism of blood flow induced mechanical stress on cardiovascular disease development in vivo.
Lipid particle detection by means digital holography and lateral shear interferometry (2007)

Digital Holography in microscope configuration thanks to the numerical reconstruction procedure is a flexible and useful tool for analysis of biological material. We present the investigation of lipid particles growth in in-vitro mouse cell using a Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) employed in combination with Lateral Shear Interferometry (LSI). The optical setup is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in transmission geometry. The sample cell is placed in one interferometer arm while the other one is used as a reference beam. By means of the Rayleigh-Sommerfield integral is possible to retrieve the complex object field and then to calculate the amplitude and phase of the laser light transmitted by the sample. Traditional microscopy allows to obtain amplitude contrast image only, DH, instead, enables to calculate the phase map of the complex wave that is simply related to the optical phase difference (OPD) experienced by the light when it is transmitted through the object. In this way it is possible to obtain phase contrast image that is very useful for biological materials that often present low amplitude contrast for quantitative amplitude image. The main difficulty of this technique is to remove the optical aberrations produced by the optical setup components. Several methods have been proposed, such as subtraction of a reference phase map (without sample) or numerical multiplication of a parametric lens. We propose a fast and effective solution of this problem based on LSI. We digitally introduce a lateral shear of one pixel in <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> directions calculating the phase difference &Delta;<i>&Oslash;</i><sub>x,y</sub>, between the actual phase map and its sheared replica in both directions. &Delta;<i>&Oslash;</i><sub>x,y</sub> include a linear term due to defocus aberration and the object phase difference. The linear term can be easily eliminated and sample phase map retrieved by numerical integration. This technique allows to obtain the correct phase contrast image removing optical aberration, avoiding unwrapping problems.
Population genomics of Drosophila suzukii reveal longitudinal population structure and signals of migrations in and out of the continental United States (2021)

Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila, is now an established pest in many parts of the world, causing significant damage to numerous fruit crop industries. Native to East Asia, D. suzukii infestations started in the United States a decade ago, occupying a wide range of climates. To better understand invasion ecology of this pest, knowledge of past migration events, population structure, and genetic diversity is needed. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes of 237 individual flies collected across the continental United States, as well as several sites in Europe, Brazil, and Asia, to identify and analyze hundreds of thousands of genetic markers. We observed strong population structure between Western and Eastern US populations, but no evidence of any population structure between different latitudes within the continental United States, suggesting that there are no broad-scale adaptations occurring in response to differences in winter climates. We detect admixture from Hawaii to the Western United States and from the Eastern United States to Europe, in agreement with previously identified introduction routes inferred from microsatellite analysis. We also detect potential signals of admixture from the Western United States back to Asia, which could have important implications for shipping and quarantine policies for exported agriculture. We anticipate this large genomic dataset will spur future research into the genomic adaptations underlying D. suzukii pest activity and development of novel control methods for this agricultural pest.
[Experimental study on apoptosis and Apo-1 expression of buccal carcinoma cell(BCC) induced by cisplatin]. (1999)

Apoptosis may be an important mechanism of BCC killed by cisplatin, and Apo-1 may play a role in the process of apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs.
6-mode Spatial Multiplexer with Low Loss and High Selectivity for Transmission over Few Mode Fiber (2015)

We present a spatial 6-mode multiplexer with low loss and high mode selectivity. We demonstrate 100Gbit/s error-free transmission over 20km for 6 modes and over 40km bidirectional transmission with 3 modes in each direction.
Large Pre- and Postexercise Rapid-Acting Insulin Reductions Preserve Glycemia and Prevent Early- but Not Late-Onset Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

A 25% pre-exercise and 50% postexercise rapid-acting insulin dose preserves glycemia and protects patients against early-onset hypoglycemia (≤ 8 h). However, this strategy does not protect against late-onset postexercise hypoglycemia.
Air Contaminants Associated with Potential Respiratory Effects from Unconventional Resource Development Activities (2015)

Unconventional natural gas development uses horizontal drilling in conjunction with hydraulic fracturing to gain access to natural gas deposits which may be tightly held in shale deposits and unavailable to conventional vertical drilling operations. The intensive work required to extract this source of energy results in higher than usual numbers of vehicles involved, potential release of emissions from those vehicles in congested zones surrounding the drill site, and release of other contaminants from materials drawn back out of the borehole after fracturing of the shale. Typical contaminants would be diesel exhaust particulate and gases, volatile organic compounds and other hydrocarbons both from diesels and the drilling process, crystalline silica, used as part of the hydraulic fracturing process in kiloton quantities, and methane escaping from the borehole and piping. A rise in respiratory disease with proximity to the process has been reported in nearby communities and both silica and diesel exposures at the worksite are recognized respiratory hazards. Because of the relatively short time this process has been used to the extent it is currently being used, it is not possible to draw detailed conclusions about the respiratory hazards that may be posed. However, based on the traffic volume associated with each drill site and the number of drill sites in any locale, it is possible at least to compare the effects to that of large traffic volume highways which are known to produce some respiratory effects in surrounding areas.
Cooperative Manipulation Testbed: A Facility for Space Robot Control System Development (2001)

The Cooperative Manipulation Testbed (CMT) in the Dexterous Robotics Laboratory at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) is a facility for developing and testing control systems for space robotics and a general robotics testbed for system development. The CMT consists of three seven degree-of-freedom commercial manipulators with flexible tooling arranged in a configuration inspired by other dexterous space robots. Past projects supported by the CMT include controls system and softgoods development for the Robonaut project at NASA JSC, hardware-in-the-loop testing for the Robot Colonies project from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a visual servo control experiment for the Space Solar Power project.
Continuous alternative to freeze drying: Manufacturing of cyclodextrin-based reconstitution powder from aqueous solution using scaled-up electrospinning (2019)

The aims of this study were to evaluate electrospinning as a continuous alternative to freeze drying in the production of a reconstitution injection dosage form, and to prove that aqueous electrospinning can be realized with a high production rate at room temperature. High-speed electrospinning with a novel continuous cyclone collection was used to manufacture a formulation of the poorly water-soluble antifungal voriconazole (VOR) with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). The freeze-dried, marketed product of this drug substance, Vfend® also contains SBE-β-CD as excipient. SBE-β-CD acted as a 'quasi-polymer', and it could be electrospun despite its low molecular mass (2163 Da). According to X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, no traces of crystalline VOR were detectable in the fibers. Furthermore, Raman mapping and energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements showed a uniform distribution of amorphous VOR in the fibers. Reconstitution tests carried out with ground fibrous powder showed complete dissolution resulting in a clear solution after 30 s (similarly to Vfend®). The high productivity rate (~240 g/h) achieved using high-speed electrospinning makes this scaled-up, continuous and flexible manufacturing process capable of fulfilling the technological and capacity requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. This work shows that aqueous high-speed electrospinning, being a continuous and high-throughput process, is an economically viable production alternative to freeze drying.
FinFET With High-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Spacers for Improved Drive Current (2016)

We demonstrate p-channel gate-source/drain underlapped silicon FinFET with HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spacer and compare it with its counterpart having SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> low- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spacer. The HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> spacer structure reduces series resistance in the underlap regions due to the large capacitive coupling between the gate and the underlap regions. Both drain current and transconductance of p-channel FinFET are higher than those of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> spacer device by about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> when biased in the saturation region, and about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively, when biased in the linear region. Subthreshold swing and drain-induced barrier lowering are also improved by incorporating the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> spacer.
Correction: Gene Expression Profiling of Ampullary Carcinomas Classifies Ampullary Carcinomas into Biliary-Like and Intestinal-Like Subtypes That Are Prognostic of Outcome (2013)

Background: Adenocarcinomas of the ampulla of Vater are classified as biliary cancers, though the exact epithelium of origin for these cancers is not known. We sought to molecularly classify ampullary adenocarcinomas in comparison to known adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, bile duct, and duodenum by gene expression analysis.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Tumor, Stromal Tissue, and Serum from Cats with Malignancies (2002)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that play key roles in angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis in a wide variety of species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pro and active MMP 2 and 9 concentrations in tumor, normal stromal tissue, and serum from tumor-bearing cats. We hypothesized that serum concentrations of pro and active forms of MMPs 2 and 9 would be predictive of MMP concentrations in tumor tissue and that these MMP concentrations would correlate with the histopathologic grade of the malignancies. Pro and active forms of MMPs 2 and 9 were determined by gelatin zymography and subsequent computerized densitometry from tumor and nearby stromal tissue and serum from 49 cats with various malignancies. The serum concentrations of MMPs from these tumor-bearing cats were compared with serum concentrations of MMPs from 44 normal cats of similar age and gender. Measurable concentrations of MMPs 2 and 9 were found within tumor, stromal, and serum samples. Mean concentrations of total pro and active MMPs 2 and 9 within tumor tissue were significantly higher (P values <.0001, .0031, <.001, and .0064, respectively) when compared with stromal tissue from the same animals. Serum MMP concentrations from tumor-bearing cats were higher than those from normal cats. Poor correlation was found between serum MMP concentrations and tissue MMP concentrations of increasing histologic grades of malignancies.
HIF-1α binding to VHL is regulated by stimulus-sensitive proline hydroxylation (2001)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a global transcriptional regulator of the hypoxic response. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha is recognized by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (VHL), a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This interaction thereby promotes the rapid degradation of HIF-1alpha. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha is stabilized. We have previously shown that VHL binds in a hypoxia-sensitive manner to a 27-aa segment of HIF-1alpha, and that this regulation depends on a posttranslational modification of HIF-1alpha. Through a combination of in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays using VHL and a panel of point mutants of HIF-1alpha in this region, as well as MS and in vitro binding assays, we now provide evidence that this modification, which occurs under normoxic conditions, is hydroxylation of Pro-564 of HIF-1alpha. The data furthermore show that this proline hydroxylation is the primary regulator of VHL binding.
The social inefficiency of regulating indirect land use change due to biofuels (2017)

Efforts to reduce the indirect land use change (ILUC) -related carbon emissions caused by biofuels has led to inclusion of an ILUC factor as a part of the carbon intensity of biofuels in a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. While previous research has provided varying estimates of this ILUC factor, there has been no research examining the economic effects and additional carbon savings from including this factor in implementing a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Here we show that inclusion of an ILUC factor in a national Low Carbon Fuel Standard led to additional abatement of cumulative emissions over 2007-2027 by 1.3 to 2.6% (0.6-1.1 billion mega-grams carbon-dioxide-equivalent (Mg CO<sub>2</sub>e<sup>-1</sup>) compared to those without an ILUC factor, depending on the ILUC factors utilized. The welfare cost to the US of this additional abatement ranged from $61 to $187 Mg CO<sub>2</sub>e<sup>-1</sup> and was substantially greater than the social cost of carbon of $50 Mg CO<sub>2</sub>e<sup>-1</sup>.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON CHEMISTRY PART 14, INSERTION OF 1,2,2‐TRIFLUOROETHYLIDENE INTO C‐H BONDS OF TETRA‐ALKYLSILANES, A NOVEL ALKYL GROUP REARRANGEMENT (1975)

Abstract Die Titelreaktionen wurden durch Untersuchung der Zersetzung von Trifluor‐ (1,1 ,2,2‐tetrafluoräthyl)‐silan, einer Verbindung, deren Pyrolyse 1,2,2‐Trifluor‐ äthyliden (II) erzeugt, in Gegenwart der Silane (I) in der Gasphase verfolgt.