gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensory and Motor Impairment in the Nerve Compression Block (1975)

Recently nerve compression block as a method of investigating movement control without kinaesthetic feedback has been questioned on the grounds that motor impairment (as measured by nerve conduction parameters) is a confounding factor. In order to clarify the relationship between sensory and motor function, behavioural data was obtained on both at systematic time intervals throughout the duration of the block. The findings indicated that significant decrements in tapping measures occurred somewhat earlier in the time course of the block than decreases in kinaesthetic discrimination. Also, contrary to assumption, the majority of subjects ceased to perform prior to total kinaesthetic loss. The data suggest that motor impairment is a “crucial” issue (Laszlo, 1966) in the use of this technique, and provide further behavioural support for the neurological findings of Kelso, Stelmach and Wanamaker (1974).
Epitaxial Graphene on SiC: 2D Sheets, Selective Growth, and Nanoribbons (2017)

This chapter reviews epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide (SiC) by the confinement-controlled sublimation method with an emphasis on multilayer and monolayer epitaxial graphene on the carbon face of 4H-SiC and on directed and selectively grown structures under growtharresting or growth-enhancing masks. The growth of graphene by SiC decomposition is nonconventional in the sense that it does not require an external source of carbon. The chapter presents atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of few-layer graphene on the C face. Monolayer graphene is more difficult to produce due to the rapid growth rates on the C face and the multiple nucleation sites. Mainstream electronics and very large-scale integration are based on silicon; it is, therefore, important to devise schemes to integrate graphene with Si wafers. The chapter presents the schemes for large-scale integration of epitaxial graphene ribbons with Si wafer.
The metabolism of the 5HT3antagonists, ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 II: Investigation into thein vitromethods used to predict thein vivohepatic clearance of ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 in the rat, dog and human (2007)

The in vitro clearances of the 5HT3 antagonists, ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 were investigated. Intrinsic clearances using either metabolite formation or substrate depletion methods were equivalent (R2 = 0.95). Hepatocytes from preclinical species were superior to microsomes for the prediction of hepatic clearance (CL(H)), whereas the predictions from human microsomes and hepatocytes were similar. Using a non-restrictive model, seven of the nine CL(H) predictions using hepatocytes were within 2-fold of the in vivo CL(H) values. If the unbound fraction was included, the clearance of the compounds was generally under-predicted by both in vitro models. However, for the most metabolically stable compound, GR87442, the non-restrictive model over-predicted CLp. This and the possibility of extrahepatic metabolism indicate that the restrictive model is more appropriate for prediction of CL(H). The rank order of metabolic stability correlated with that in vivo. All three compounds were more metabolically stable in human than in the preclinical animal species examined.
Characterization of a transplantable adenocarcinoma of the mouse colon producing cachexia in recipient animals. (1987)

MAC16 is a chemically induced, transplantable adenocarcinoma of the colon passaged in inbred NMRI mice. At small tumor burdens (less than 1% of the host weight), weight loss was observed without a reduction in food intake. As the tumor mass increased, weight loss also increased and reached 33% of host body weight in females and 20% in males when compared with the weight of age-matched controls. The reduction in host body weight was directly proportional to the tumor size and was reversible when the tumor was excised. There was a preferential loss of body fat in tumor-bearing animals with an increase in the plasma level of free fatty acids, although there was a minimal elevation of ketone bodies. Tumor growth was accompanied by progressive hypoglycemia and a reduction in the plasma insulin levels. The decrease in plasma insulin may have contributed to the catabolic effects of progressive tumor growth.
Molecular level engineering of solid state oxide porous membranes applications to separations and degradation technologies (1997)

Controlled preparation of molecular level engineered porous oxide membranes is critical for the development of novel devices. Such membranes find applications in catalytic and separation technologies. We present recent data on the surface modification of ITO and TiO2 through the use of a patterned, self-assembly approach. The latter approach is shown to afford control over surface density and lateral distribution. The oxide substrates are deposited onto porous alumina membranes by CVD deposition. We present SEM and AFM images of a porous oxide membrane that has been surface modified by self-assembly. By modifying the surface with molecular recognition components and photo-active materials, we demonstrate the applicability of selective photo-oxidation at a molecularly engineered material. Probing the molecular array by surface enhanced Raman provides information about the binding and surface reactivity.
Agouti polynucleotide compositions and methods of use (2023)

Disclosed are methods and compositions comprising novel agouti polypeptides and the polynucleotides which encode them. Also disclosed are DNA segments encoding these proteins derived from human and murine cell lines, and the use of these polynucleotides and polypeptides in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Methods, compositions, kits, and devices are also provided for identifying compounds which are inhibitors of agouti activity, and for altering fatty acid synthetase activity and intracellular calcium levels in transformed cells.
Very Low Dose Anti-Thymocyte Globulins Versus Basiliximab in Non-Immunized Kidney Transplant Recipients (2023)

The choice between Basiliximab (BSX) or Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) as induction therapy in non-immunized kidney transplant recipients remains uncertain. Whilst ATG may allow steroid withdrawal and a decrease in tacrolimus, it also increases infectious complications. We investigated outcomes in non-immunized patients receiving a very low dosage of ATG versus BSX as induction. Study outcomes were patient/graft survival, cumulative probabilities of biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR), infectious episode including CMV and post-transplant diabetes (PTD). Cox, logistic or linear statistical models were used depending on the studied outcome and models were weighted on propensity scores. 100 patients received ATG (mean total dose of 2.0 mg/kg) and 83 received BSX. Maintenance therapy was comparable. Patient and graft survival did not differ between groups, nor did infectious complications. There was a trend for a higher occurrence of a first BPAR in the BSX group (HR at 1.92; 95%CI: [0.77; 4.78]; <i>p</i> = 0.15) with a significantly higher BPAR episodes (17% vs 7.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.01). PTD occurrence was significantly higher in the BSX group (HR at 2.44; 95%CI: [1.09; 5.46]; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Induction with a very low dose of ATG in non-immunized recipients was safe and associated with a lower rate of BPAR and PTD without increasing infectious complications.
Peroxygens and Other Forms of Oxygen: Their Use for Effective Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization (2007)

Oxidation may be defined as the process of electron removal, where oxidising agents are substances which cause the loss of electrons from other molecules that are thereby accepted by the agent. As well as their many chemical uses, many oxidizing agents have potent antimicrobial activity. These include various halogens (like chlorine and iodine) and the peroxygens and other forms of oxygen, which include hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide and ozone. This group of biocides has become widely used for cleaning, antisepsis, disinfection and sterilization applications. This review will discuss the various applications and uses of peroxygens and other forms of oxygen, along with their various advantages and disadvantages. Applications include the use of these biocides in various liquid and gaseous forms, and include food and water disinfection, low temperature surface sterilization and large area remediation, as recently shown with the successful fumigation of buildings following recent bioterrorism attacks in the United States. For liquid applications, the formulation of these biocides plays an important role in optimizing their safety and efficacy. Equally, process controls including the effects of temperature can play an important role in the application of both liquid and gaseous processes. The current understanding of the mode of action of these biocides will be reviewed and recent investigations have identified new applications for these agents in the control of emerging and reemerging pathogens.
The CS6 colonization factor of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli contains two heterologous major subunits (2006)

The genes encoding the CS6 colonization factor were cloned from two human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of different serotypes. The DNA sequences from both clones were nearly identical and contained four open reading frames. Two of them have homology to genes encoding molecular chaperones and ushers found in many other operons encoding colonization factors. The two remaining open reading frames encode two heterologous major subunit proteins which makes CS6 unique because other colonization factors have only one major subunit. Upstream and downstream of the CS6 operon the DNA sequences of the clones diverged abruptly.
Pressure ulcers. Nutrition strategies that make a difference. (2002)

One of the more influential factors associated with pressure ulcer prevention, development, and treatment is nutrition. Both the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS, formerly HCFA) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) specifically identify nutritional status as a significant risk factor. Three nutrition-focused steps will help you protect patients from the debilitating effects of pressure ulcers.
Role of Proline Residues in Conferring Thermostability on Aqualysin I (2006)

To understand the molecular basis of the thermostability of a thermophilic serine protease aqualysin I from Thermus aquaticus YT-1, we introduced mutations at Pro5, Pro7, Pro240 and Pro268, which are located on the surface loops of aqualysin I, by changing these amino acid residues into those found at the corresponding locations in VPR, a psychrophilic serine protease from Vibrio sp. PA-44. All mutants were expressed stably and exhibited essentially the same specific activity as wild-type aqualysin I at 40 degrees C. The P240N mutant protein had similar thermostability to wild-type aqualysin I, but P5N and P268T showed lower thermostability, with a half-life at 90 degrees C of 15 and 30 min, respectively, as compared to 45 min for the wild-type enzyme. The thermostability of P7I was decreased even more markedly, and the mutant protein was rapidly inactivated at 80 degrees C and even at 70 degrees C, with half-lives of 10 and 60 min, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the transition temperatures of wild-type enzyme, P5N, P7I, P240N and P268T were 93.99 degrees C, 83.45 degrees C, 75.66 degrees C, 91.78 degrees C and 86.49 degrees C, respectively. These results underscore the importance of the proline residues in the N- and C-terminal regions of aqualysin I in maintaining the integrity of the overall protein structure at elevated temperatures.
Neural Crest and Tooth Morphogenesis (2001)

Mammalian teeth develop from two types of cells: stomodeal ectoderm, which forms ameloblasts, and cranial neural-crest-derived (ecto) mesenchyme cells, which form odontoblasts and cementoblasts. These two cell types, juxtaposed in the developing oral cavity, interact to control the entire process of tooth initiation, morphogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. Cell-cell signaling pathways and their target nuclear factors have been identified as key mediators of the progressively complex exchange of information between ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. The constantly changing direction of the reciprocal signaling and cell responses between ectoderm and ectomesenchyme enables cells to monitor their relative spatial positions and differentiated states continuously. The least understood of the early processes in tooth development are morphogenesis and patterning. From a seemingly uniform layer of oral ectoderm and underlying mass of ectomesenchyme, different types (shapes) of teeth develop in different positions. Tooth type is determined very early in development, before the overt onset of morphogenesis. Thus, the early ectoderm-ectomesenchyme cell interactions must in some way either create or respond to positional differences in the jaw primordia.
Front Matter: Volume 10670 (2018)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10670, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
[Pyridinoline-containing collagen degradation products in urine in coxarthrosis]. (1992)

High-performance liquid chromatography of collagen degradation products in human urine for diagnosis of osteoarthrosis was introduced by Macek and Adam (6) in 1987. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of this method in a group of 20 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip and 10 healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in number or intensity of the detected signals between the two groups. The results of this study show that the determination of collagen degradation products is not useful for diagnosis or for the control of therapy in patients with osteoarthrosis.
Insight into the Maturation Process of the Nitrile Hydratase Active Site (2021)

Nitrile hydratases (NHases) are metalloenzymes that catalyze stereo and regio‐specific hydration of nitriles to their corresponding higher value amides under ambient conditions and physiological pH. NHase has acquired substantial interest as a biocatalyst in preparative organic chemistry industries due to its advantages over the chemical catalysis such as zero byproduct formation, high specificity, higher yield, recycling ability, and mild reaction conditions. The metal ion is coordinated by three cysteine sulfur atoms, two amide nitrogen atoms (from the backbone of the amino acid chain), and a water molecule. Two of the active site cysteine ligands at the equatorial plane have post‐translationally oxidized into cysteine sulfinic acid (Cys‐SO 2 H) and cysteine sulfenic acid (Cys‐SOH) which are essential for the catalysis of nitrile hydration. The metal binding motif of all Nitrile hydratases (NHases, EC 4.2.1.84) is highly conserved within a single amino acid sequence (CXXCSCX) in the α‐subunit. Accordingly an eight amino acid peptide (VCTLCSCY), based on the metal binding motif of the Co‐type NHase from Pseudonocardia thermophilia ( Pt NHase) was synthesized and shown to coordinate Fe(II) under anaerobic conditions. Parallel‐mode EPR data on the mononuclear Fe(II)‐peptide complex confirmed an integer‐spin signal at g' ~ 9, suggesting an S = 2 system ( D = 0.29 cm ‐1 , E/D = 0.14, s D = 1.2 GHz, s E = 200 MHz). Exposure to air yielded a transient high‐spin EPR signal most consistent with an intermediate/admixed S = 3 / 2 spin‐state, while the integer‐spin signal was extinguished. Prolonged exposure to air resulted in the observation of EPR signals at g = 2.04, 2.16, and 2.20, consistent with the formation of a low‐spin Fe(III)‐peptide complex that is remarkably similar to the NHase from Rhodococcus equi TG328‐2 ( Re NHase); however, these signals only account for ~8% of the total spins in the sample. These data indicate a progression for iron oxidation in NHases that proceeds from a reduced high‐spin to an oxidized‐high‐spin followed by formation of an oxidized low‐spin iron center, something that heretofore has not been observed.
Noncovalent Lone Pair⋅⋅⋅(No‐π!)‐Heteroarene Interactions: The Janus‐Faced Hydroxy Group (2015)

A comparative study using NMR spectroscopy and designed top-pan molecular balances demonstrates that the noncovalent interaction of a hydroxy group with π-deficient pyrazine and quinoxaline units involves a lone pair-heteroarene interaction which is much stronger and solvent independent when measured relative to the classical π-facial hydrogen bond to a benzene ring. Alkyl fluorides also prefer the heteroarene rings over the benzene ring. The attractive interaction between a quinoxaline and a terminal alkyne is also stronger than the intramolecular hydrogen bond to an arene.
Development of a multiblock pressure-based algorithm using mixed interpolation for turbulent flows (1997)

A new multiblock pressure-based finite element algorithm has been developed. This methodology implements a novel quadratic interpolation for the elemental pressure while using a bilinear interpolation for the velocity. Details of the algorithm and its multiblock foundation are provided along with a complete description of the implementation of the RNG-based k–ε model. The results presented clearly demonstrate the validity and accuracy of this new approach for complex flow problems such as diffusers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of widespread endemic populations of highly multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae seen concurrently through the lens of two hospital intensive care units in Vietnam (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing (ESBL-P) and/or carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae have severely restricted available treatment options in healthcare settings in Vietnam. Understanding the diversity and transmission mechanisms of ESBL- and carbapenemase-encoding K. pneumoniae is important in both hospital and community settings for patient management. Methods We conducted a 6-month prospective cohort study of 69 Intensive care unit (ICU) patients from two hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinally collected samples from patients and the ICU environment were cultured on selective media, and 357 K. pneumoniae colonies were whole genome sequenced. We performed phylogenetic analyses, and correlated phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing with genotypic features of K. pneumoniae isolates. We constructed transmission networks of patient samples, relating ICU admission times and locations with genetic similarity of infecting K. pneumoniae . Findings Despite being geographically and clinically separated, the two hospitals shared closely related strains carrying the same array of antimicrobial resistance genes. Many patients carried the same resistant K. pneumoniae clone from admission to discharge. 45.9% of total isolates carried both ESBL- and carbapenemase-encoding genes, with high minimum inhibitory concentrations. We found a novel co-occurrence of bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-1 in 46. 6% of samples from the globally successful ST15 lineage. Interpretation These results highlight the high prevalence of ESBL-positive carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in Vietnamese ICUs. Through studying K. pneumoniae ST15 in detail, we illustrated how important resistance genes are coalescing in stains carried broadly by patients entering the two hospitals directly or through referral. Funding This study was supported by the Medical Research Council Newton Fund, United Kingdom (grant MR/N029399/1); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam (grant HNQT/SPÐP/04.16); This research was funded in whole by the Wellcome Trust (grant 206194). For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Cancer-Selective Targeting of the NF-κB Survival Pathway with GADD45β/MKK7 Inhibitors (2014)

We thank G. Inghirami, F. Dazzi, R. Orlowski, I. Kuiatse, L. Bergsagel, H. Auner, K. Parzych, and A. Karadimitris for cell lines; L. De Colibus, A. De Simone, E. Bellone, and M. Gambella for analytical or technical assistance; G. Cruciani for access to FLAP; and P. Omedè for primary PC samples. We also thank A. Iavarone for critical experimental advice and U. Siebenlist, K. Kelly, M. Lenardo, M. Pagano, H. Walczak, G. Acton, L. Busino, A. De Simone, and E. Tate for critical reading of the manuscript. The work was supported in part by Medical Research Council grants G0901436 and MR/L005069/1, NIH grants CA084040 and CA098583, Cancer Research UK grants A8839 and A15115, and an Imperial Innovations grant to G.F.; Project MERIT FIRB No. RBNE08NKH7_003 to M.R.; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology award KUK-I1-012-43 and PRIN 20108XYHJS to A.T.; and a PRIN 2009 grant to A.P.
ChemInform Abstract: Cysteine Chloromethyl and Diazomethyl Ketone Derivatives with Potent Antileukemic Activity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Inter‐electrode Distance on Bipolar Intramural Radiofrequency Ablation (2005)

Using the above parameters (electrode radius, RF power delivery, time) during bipolar ablation, lesion continuity was critically dependent on the ILD. The maximum ILD threshold to create contiguous overlapping lesions was 3 mm. Lesions of greater width were created using shorter ILDs. Clinically, greater control over lesion dimensions can be obtained by manipulating the ILD distance.
Dormancy of Heterodera glycines in Missouri. (1995)

A 2-year study was conducted in field microplots to determine the relative importance of soybean phenology and soil temperature on induction of dormancy in Heterodera glycines in Missouri. Four near-isogenic soybean lines differing for maturity date were planted in microplots infested with a race 5 isolate of H. glycines. Soil temperature was monitored at a depth of 15 cm. Eggs of H. glycines, extracted from cysts collected monthly from each microplot, were used in hatching tests and bioassays to determine dormancy. Egg hatching and second-stage juvenile (J2) infectivity rates decreased sharply from their highest levels in midsummer (July-August) to a low level by October of each year and remained low (< 10% hatching and < 0.2 J2/cm root) until May or June of the following year. The patterns of numbers of females and eggs in the bioassays were similar. The decreases were not related to soil temperature and did not differ consistently among soybean isolines. The monophasic changes in all nematode responses with peak midsummer rates suggest that H. glycines produces one primary generation per year in central Missouri. Changes in hatching rates and the timing of minimum and maximum rates suggested that H. glycines eggs exhibit more than one type of dormancy.
Synthesis and One-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Acicular Nickel Nanocrystallites under Magnetic Fields (2004)

Polycrystalline nickel wires with an average length of 10 μm and diameter of about 200 nm were prepared at 70 °C by a hydrothermal process with a 0.25 T magnetic field applied. Studies show that the magnetic field induced one-dimensional assembly of acicular Ni nanocrystallites with dimensions of 200 nm in length and 10−30 nm in diameter, leading to the formation of the polycrystalline nickel wires. Magnetic measurements show saturation magnetization (Ms) of the sample prepared in a 0.25 T external magnetic field is higher than that of the sample synthesized without an external magnetic field applied. It is suggested that the one-dimensional self-assembly of acicular nickel nanocrystallites with their magnetic easy axes [111] aligned along the magnetic line of force results in the improvement of the magnetic properties.