gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concast: design and implementation of a new network service (2005)

This paper introduces concast, a new network service. Concast is the inverse of multicast: multiple sources send messages toward the same destination, which results in a single message being delivered to the destination. The received message appears to come from the concast group rather than any particular receiver. Different forms of concast service can be defined by varying the mapping from the set of sent messages to the received message. The service is useful for preventing implosion and reducing bandwidth consumption in cases where many senders transmit to the same receiver-for example in aggregating (or suppressing) positive (or negative) acknowledgements. We define the semantics of a simple concast service that is the inverse of multicast, as well as a more general custom concast, which allows users to define certain aspects of the service's semantics. We describe how to implement the service so that it scales approximately as well as IP multicast. We also present results from a simulation study showing that concast provides significant benefits in a layered-video application.
Signal Detection Methods for Magnetostrictive Sensors (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Magnetostrictive sensors offer many attractive features. Their strain sensitivity is significantly higher than that of strain gages. They are simple, rugged and inexpensive. Signal conditioning requirements for the magnetostrictive sensors are determined by the selection of a signal detection method. This article experimentally investigates different signal detection methods for single branch magnetostrictive sensors with conventional excitation and detection coils. Monitoring excitation voltage while holding excitation current constant, or monitoring excitation current while holding excitation voltage constant produces much better output signal compared to the detection voltage. Furthermore, this study suggest that the detection coil is not really needed, leading to a novel single branch magnetostrictive sensor without a detection coil.&lt;/div&gt;
Tipping the Cylinder Block of an Axial-Piston Swash-Plate Type Hydrostatic Machine (1997)

Tipping the cylinder block within an axial-piston swash-plate type hydrostatic machine is a phenomenon that results in a momentary and sometimes permanent failure of the machine since the fluid communication between the cylinder block and the valve plate is instantaneously lost. The efforts of this research are to identify the physical contributors of this phenomenon and to specify certain design guidelines that may be used to prevent the failure of cylinder block tipping. This research begins with the mechanical analysis of the machine and presents a tipping criterion based upon the centroidal location of the force reaction between the cylinder block and the valve plate. This analysis is followed by the derivation of the effective pressurized area within a single piston bore and the cylinder block balance is defined based upon this result. Using standard control volume analysis, the pressure within a single piston bore is examined and it is shown that an approximate pressure profile may be used in place of the more complex representation for this same quantity. Based upon the approximate pressure profile a design criterion is presented which ensures that the pressures within the system never cause the cylinder block to tip. Furthermore, if this criterion is satisfied, it is shown that the worst tipping conditions exist when the system pressures are zero and therefore a criterion governing the design of the cylinder block spring is presented based upon the inertial forces that contribute to the tipping failure. [S0022-0434(00)00901-1]
A compressive sensing approach for secret key agreement based on UWB channel reciprocity (2012)

We present a compressive sensing (CS) approach for secret key agreement based on UWB channel reciprocity. More generally, we show that the CS problem can be used for solving the distributed source coding problem. We also show that the proposed CS-based secret key agreement protocol (CS-SKAP) provides perfect secrecy, a better key agreement probability, and sometimes a longer secret key length, compared to the traditional syndrome-based distributed source coding techniques.
Molecular characterization and related aspects of the innate immune response in ticks (2008)

Compared to insects, little is known about innate immunity in ticks. This chapter addresses the molecular processes that recognize non-self and the cellular and molecular processes mobilized to phagocytose, engulf, inhibit or kill invaders. We discuss the receptors that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the putative up-regulation of regulatory cascades that lead, ultimately, to cellular or molecular responses. We describe the molecular events that activate the cellular processes and the array of humoral factors that are mobilized against invading organisms, including antimicrobial peptides, proteases and protease inhibitors, lectins, coagulation factors and others. Special attention is directed to the antimicrobial activity of the midgut, the initial site of contact for microbes ingested with the blood. Blood feeding and digestion alone up-regulates an impressive array of proteins, e.g. oxidative stress reducing proteins, lectins, protease inhibitors, proteases, hydrolases, protein/lipid binding agents. Finally, we compare the innate immune responses of ticks with insects and other invertebrates and note deficiencies in our knowledge tick innate immunity.
White-light interferometric fiber-optic pressure sensor (2002)

A novel configuration for a fiber-optic white-light interferometric sensor is presented which allows for absolute measurements of hydrostatic pressure with an improved operation range. The performance of two fibers (York bow-tie 800 and especially designed elliptical-core side-hole fiber) used as sensing elements was experimentally studied. The sensor itself was composed of two equal lengths of the fiber spliced at 90/spl deg/. This structure assures temperature compensation and enables application of a Wollaston prism as a receiving interferometer. A step delay line made of crystalline quartz was used to increase the operation range of the sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrically tunable liquid crystal terahertz device based on double-layer plasmonic metamaterial (2019)

In this paper, a nematic liquid crystal (NLC)-based tunable terahertz (THz) plasmonic metamaterials (MMs) with large modulation depth (MD) and low insertion loss (IL) is designed and experimentally verified at THz frequencies. The proposed structure includes two-layered MM that is immersed in LC. The metal MM is used directly as electrode. The tunable device with a 46×46 array of sub-wavelength circular air loops was fabricated on a quartz glass substrate, with 2×2 cm<sup>2</sup> area and 220 µm thickness. The obtained results show that the amplitude MD and IL for normally incident electromagnetic (EM) waves are about 96% and 1.19 dB at 421.2 GHz, respectively, when the bias voltage applied to the NLC layer varies from 0 to 16 V. Meanwhile, the transmission peak frequency gradually decreases from 421.2 to 381.8 GHz, and the frequency tunability (FT) of the proposed structure is greater than 9.35%. This study provides a potential solution for THz modulators, filters, and switches.
Apoptosis Induction by Caspase-8 Is Amplified through the Mitochondrial Release of Cytochrome c (1998)

Apoptosis often involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to caspase activation. However, in apoptosis mediated by CD95 (Fas/APO-1), caspase-8 (FLICE/MACH/Mch5) is immediately activated and, in principle, could process other caspases directly. To investigate whether caspase-8 could also act through mitochondria, we added active caspase-8 to a Xenopus cell-free system requiring these organelles. Caspase-8 rapidly promoted the apoptotic program, culminating in fragmentation of chromatin and the nuclear membrane. In extracts devoid of mitochondria, caspase-8 produced DNA degradation, but left nuclear membranes intact. Thus, mitochondria were required for complete engagement of the apoptotic machinery. In the absence of mitochondria, high concentrations of caspase-8 were required to activate downstream caspases. However, when mitochondria were present, the effects of low concentrations of caspase-8 were vastly amplified through cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation. Caspase-8 promoted cytochrome c release indirectly, by cleaving at least one cytosolic substrate. Bcl-2 blocked apoptosis only at the lowest caspase-8 concentrations, potentially explaining why CD95-induced apoptosis can often evade inhibition by Bcl-2.
Maximum-Reservoir-Contact-Wells Performance Update: Shaybah Field, Saudi Arabia (2008)

Summary This paper is an update on previous SPE technical papers (Saleri et al. 2003; Saleri et al. 2004) highlighting the results of 25 maximum-reservoir-contact (MRC) wells drilled in the Shaybah field either as new wells or as part of a workover strategy to convert existing weak 1-km single-lateral wells to MRC wells with reservoir contacts ranging from 5 to 9 km. Shaybah field in Saudi Arabia, a low-permeability reservoir overlain by a large gas cap, was developed initially in 1996 with 1-km single-lateral horizontal wells to drain hydrocarbon while reducing gas coning effectively. A step-development approach of increasing reservoir contact to improve well productivity and performance was the basis for the MRC concept. To date, results from 25 MRC wells have indicated a four-fold increase in well productivities and a three-fold decrease in unit-development cost when compared to the 1-km single-lateral wells. A useful byproduct of MRC drilling is the enhancement achieved in reservoir characterization. In addition to MRC wells, smart technologies such as down-hole-flow-control systems (smart completions), expandable liners, and production equalizers were deployed in Shaybah field. These technologies have improved well performance and recovery greatly. Smart controls assisted in optimizing production from each lateral in a multilateral (ML) well in the event of premature gas or water coning. In addition, downhole smart completions improved well productivity in ML wells with a better well-cleanup process. Production equalizers that were deployed in high-gas/oil-ratio (GOR) wells reduced gas coning and improved well productivity. To date, more than 21 expandable liners have been deployed as enablers to a workover strategy to convert single-lateral wells to ML/MRC wells, thereby providing a platform for installation of downhole-flow-control systems.
Phosphorylation of EZH2 by CDK1 and CDK2 (2011)

Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) catalyzed by the enzymatic subunit EZH2 in the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is essential for cells to ‘memorize’ gene expression patterns through cell divisions and plays an important role in establishing and maintaining cell identity during development. However, how the epigenetic mark is inherited through cell generations remains poorly understood. Recently, we and others demonstrate that CDK1 and CDK2 phosphorylate EZH2 at threonine 350 (T350) and that T350 phosphorylation is important for the binding of EZH2 to PRC2 recruiters, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) HOTAIR and XIST, and for the effective recruitment of PRC2 to EZH2 target loci in cells. These findings imply that phosphorylation of EZH2 by CDK1 and CDK2 may provide cells a mechanism that enhances EZH2 function during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, thereby ensuring K27me3 on de novo synthesized H3 incorporated in nascent nucleosomes before sister chromosomes are divided into two daughter cells. Additionally, a potential role of T350 phosphorylation of EZH2 in differing EZH2 from its homolog EZH1 in catalyzing H3K27me3 as well as the interplay between phosphorylation at T350 and other residues (e.g. phosphorylation by p38 at threonine 372 (T372)) in governing EZH2 activity in proliferating versus non-dividing cells are also discussed. Together, CDK phosphorylation of EZH2 at T350 may represent a key regulatory mechanism of EZH2 function that is essential for the maintenance of H3K27me3 marks through cell divisions.
Source size and temporal coherence requirements of coded aperture type x-ray phase contrast imaging systems (2010)

There is currently much interest in developing X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (XPCI) systems which employ laboratory sources in order to deploy the technique in real world applications. The challenge faced by nearly all XPCI techniques is that of efficiently utilising the x-ray flux emitted by an x-ray tube which is polychromatic and possesses only partial spatial coherence. Techniques have, however, been developed which overcome these limitations. Such a technique, known as coded aperture XPCI, has been under development in our laboratories in recent years for application principally in medical imaging and security screening. In this paper we derive limitations imposed upon source polychromaticity and spatial extent by the coded aperture system. We also show that although other grating XPCI techniques employ a different physical principle, they satisfy design constraints similar to those of the coded aperture XPCI.
Calibration of polar Kerr rotation and ellipticity measurements (1993)

Kerr rotation, theta K and ellipticity in K of magnetic thin films are measured using an optical set-up including a photoelastic modulator in series with a Babinet-Soleil compensator (phase shift gamma ) and an analyser (adjustable orientation beta ). According to Jones matrix analysis two equivalent calibration procedures of the theta K and in K values are proposed. In one method these may be determined by controlled tuning of beta and gamma respectively in the conventional compensation mode. On the other hand, in a novel two-angle method, they directly emerge from intensity ratios recorded at two distinct settings of beta and gamma respectively. Exemplary data on alloyed films of MnBi(Al,Si) are presented.
Infections, vaccines and autoimmunity (2009)

The associations between exposure to infectious agents and the development of autoimmune diseases have been established in numerous studies and almost every autoimmune disease has been linked to one infection or another. Different infectious agents, namely bacteria, viruses and parasites, were found to be related to autoimmunity via several mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, polyclonal activation of B-cells and finally by bystander activation of T-cells and antigen presenting cells. The links between infections and autoimmunity are complex, on the one hand many infectious agents were found to be pathogenic, while on the other hand, others might induce protection from autoimmunity. In addition, many patients suffering from autoimmune diseases are especially vulnerable for infections, due to the underlying disease and the frequent use of immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, vaccination to prevent and reduce infectious morbidity and mortality is recommended for this group of patients. Alas, vaccines which contain infectious antigens, either attenuated or recombinant, may induce, although rarely, autoimmunity via similar ‘infectious’ mechanisms. Furthermore vaccines contain other excipients such as adjuvants and preservatives which may induce an immune mediated response. Adjuvants are included in most human vaccines in order to increase the protective immune response to infectious antigens, however in recent years many adjuvants were found to induce autoimmunity by themselves. Similarly to the autoimmune manifestation following silicone implantation, especially following rupture and leak of silicone, previously termed ‘adjuvant disease’, it seems also that adjuvants which are included in human vaccines may rarely induce autoimmunity. Recently, a new disease of autoimmune nature was defined and termed macrophagic myofaciitis. This syndrome appears in subjects who are genetically susceptible following vaccination with alum adjuvanted vaccines, and it is characterized by an active lesion with evidence of alum mediated reaction at the site of inoculation. Genetic susceptibility is a cardinal factor in the mosaic of autoimmunity and may determine the individual response to a certain infectious agents, a drug or a vaccine. Fortunately, it seems that genetic and other factors render a low rate of susceptibility to autoimmunity following vaccination, and therefore vaccines’ beneficial effects outweigh the risks of autoimmunity for the vast majority of individuals. In this special issue of Lupus we have assembled a collection of manuscripts describing the multifaceted associations between infections, vaccines and autoimmune diseases, as well as the mechanisms by which autoimmunity is inflicted and the genetic susceptibility related to these unique interactions.
A recognition of vehicle license plate using a genetic algorithm based segmentation (2002)

Extracting a license plate is an important stage in automatic vehicle identification. It is very difficult because vehicle images are usually degraded and processing the images is computationally intensive. We propose a new method to extract the plate region using a distributed genetic algorithm. The algorithm offers robustness in dealing with deformation of vehicle images and inherent parallelism to improve the processing time. A test with seventy images shows an extraction rate of 92.8%, working well within real world situations. This results suggest that the proposed method is pertinent to be put into practical use.
The HPV and p63 Status in Penile Cancer Are Linked with the Infiltration and Therapeutic Availability of Neutrophils (2020)

Squamous penile cancer displays a rare human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumor entity. Investigations on the molecular pathogenesis of HPV-driven penile cancer are impaired by the rareness of clinical specimens and, in particular, are missing relevant cell culture models. Here, we identified in HPV-positive penile cancer cell lines that HPV16 oncoproteins control <i>TP63</i> expression by modulating critical regulators, while integration into the <i>TP63</i> open reading frame facilitates oncogene expression. The resulting feed-forward loop leads to elevated p63 levels that in turn enhance the release of the neutrophil-recruiting chemokine CXCL8. Remarkably, elevated CXCL8 amounts lead to the increased surface exposition of the Fc receptor of human IgA antibodies, FcαRI, on neutrophils and correlated with a higher susceptibility to antibody-dependent neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) using an EGFR-specific IgA2 antibody. IHC staining of tissue microarrays proved that elevated expression of p63 together with neutrophil infiltration were significantly more frequent in HPV-positive penile cancer displaying a higher tumor grade. In summary, we identified a promising marker profile of patients with penile cancer at higher risk for worse prognosis. However, these patients may benefit from immunotherapeutic approaches efficiently engaging neutrophils for tumor cell killing.
A distance-bounding concept for bilateral IEEE 802.15.4 communication (2009)

In this paper a concept for bounding the operation range of IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensors is introduced. The distance-bounding is based on a signal round-trip time of flight measurement. For the round-trip time of flight measurement two essential problems have to be solved: on the one hand the time of arrival estimation and on the other hand precise clock synchronization. In our novel approach both challenges were solved by utilizing the preamble and start of frame delimiter (SFD) signal that is available in every IEEE 802.15.4 data package. Based on a Wiener optimal filter applied to the demodulated received IEEE 802.15.4 packet the time of arrival is estimated. The frequency offset is estimated based on the residual frequency of the undemodulated received signal. Exemplary indoor measurements with a system based on a TI CC2430 ZigBEE-Chip prove that the introduced concept allows for a distance-bounding accuracy of approx. 1 m in indoor scenarios with moderate multipath distortions.
Derivation of respiration from ECG measured without subject's awareness using wavelet transform (2003)

We developed a system to measure ECG without subject's awareness and derived respiration from the ECG using the wavelet transform. The bed sheet electrodes consisted of three pieces of conductive textiles. Respiratory signals (EDR) were derived by reconstructing the detail signal of the 9th decomposition from the wavelet transform. The respiration periods were calculated by detecting the zero-crossing of the respiratory signals. Correlations between series of respiration periods extracted from EDR and airflow were high for all subjects.
Measuring modulation noise from a high-power c.w. klystron amplifier (1958)

The noise spectrum of a high-power klystron amplifier shows that, as well as the r.f. shot noise, the power output contains modulation sidebands caused by variations in gain associated with low-frequency fluctuations.Modulation noise can be caused by any low-frequency fluctuations in the system, e.g. power supply ripple, microphony, or spurious beam oscillations. Apparatus for investigating these effects includes a panoramic spectrum analyser for observing and correlating the r.f. noise associated with the carrier and the video noise fluctuations.A new method of noise detection is described which uses a coaxial diode at high power level instead of the conventional low-power crystal detector. Results show that the coaxial diode has some advantages over the crystal mixer for measuring a.m. noise from a high-power source.The noise phenomena described include effects due to relaxation oscillations in the electron beam, and the variation of noise with cathode temperature.
Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks: A Review of Key Issues (2013)

This study assesses the potential to deliver hydrogen through the existing natural gas pipeline network as a hydrogen and natural gas mixture to defray the cost of building dedicated hydrogen pipelines. Blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline network has also been proposed as a means of increasing the output of renewable energy systems such as large wind farms.
Sensilla on the Antennal Flagellum ofSirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae) (2008)

Abstract The antennal receptors of Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Male and female antennae share five sensillum types: Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla ampullacea, and uniporous contact chemoreceptors. Contact chemoreceptors make up ≈85 and 78% of the total sensilla on male and female antennae, respectively. On the most proximal flagellomere of the antennae, contact chemoreceptors are located in a shallow depression on the ventral surface. The number of contact chemoreceptors increases toward the distal end, covering two thirds of the circumference of each flagellomere. Contact chemoreceptors seem to be innervated by two sensory dendrites that terminate near the tip. In longitudinal section, a single subterminal pore is seen to be associated with each sensillum. Males had significantly more uniporous sensory pegs than females on the proximal half of the antennae. These receptors may play an important role in mate identification, suggesting that a female-released contact pheromone may be used by this insect. The putative function of these sensilla types is discussed.