gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autophagy in immunity and cell‐autonomous defense against intracellular microbes (2011)

Autophagy was viewed until very recently primarily as a metabolic and intracellular biomass and organelle quality and quantity control pathway. It has now been recognized that autophagy represents a bona fide immunologic process with a wide array of roles in immunity. The immunologic functions of autophagy, as we understand them now, span both innate and adaptive immunity. They range from unique and sometimes highly specialized immunologic effectors and regulatory functions (referred to here as type I immunophagy) to generic homeostatic influence on immune cells (type II immunophagy), akin to the effects on survival and homeostasis of other cell types in the body. As a concept-building tool for understanding why and how autophagy is intertwined with immunity, it is useful to consider that the presently complex picture has emerged in increments, starting in part from the realization that autophagy acts as an evolutionarily ancient microbial clearance mechanism defending eukaryotic cells against intracellular pathogens. In this review, we build a stepwise model of how the core axis of autophagy as a cell-autonomous immune defense against microbes evolved into a complex but orderly web of intersections with innate and adaptive immunity processes. The connections between autophagy and conventional immunity systems include Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, damage-associated molecular patterns such as HMGB1, other known innate and adaptive immunity receptors and cytokines, sequestasome (p62)-like receptors that act as autophagy adapters, immunity-related GTPase IRGM, innate and adaptive functions of macrophages and dendritic cells, and differential effects on development and homeostasis of T- and B-lymphocyte subsets. The disease contexts covered here include tuberculosis, infections with human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses, Salmonella, Listeria, Shigella, Toxoplasma, and inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Phosphorylated HSP27 associates with the activation-dependent cytoskeleton in human platelets (1994)

The three prominently phosphorylated 29-kD proteins in thrombin-activated human platelets are forms of the mammalian 27-kD heat-shock protein (HSP27). Though the function of HSP27 is not yet known, its phosphorylation is highly correlated with platelet secretion, and recent evidence in nonhematopoietic cells suggests that HSP27 regulates cortical actin filament assembly. Therefore, the subcellular location and phosphorylation state of HSP27 in resting and thrombin-activated platelets was studied. Platelets were fractionated by established Triton X-100 lysis methods followed by differential centrifugation to obtain the 14,000g fraction (low-speed cytoskeleton), 100,000g fraction (membrane skeleton), and the 100,000g supernatant fraction containing soluble cytosolic proteins. In resting platelets, HSP27 was present principally in the 100,000g supernatant fraction. Platelet activation with thrombin led to translocation of the majority of HSP27 to the low-speed cytoskeleton. This association was reversible by DNase, supporting the idea that HSP27 is a specific component of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence studies similarly showed HSP27 is cytoplasmic in resting platelets but colocalizes with actin in fully spread, glass-activated platelets. Immunoprecipitation studies showed a small amount of constitutively phosphorylated HSP27 in resting platelets, but phosphorylation of the majority of HSP27 after thrombin activation. After activation, virtually all phosphorylated HSP27 was found in the low-speed cytoskeletal fraction, and each of the three phosphorylated forms of HSP27 were present by two-dimensional autoradiography. Furthermore, in time-course studies, the phosphorylation of HSP27 occurred just before localization of HSP27 to the low-speed pellet. These results show that, after platelet activation, HSP27 is first phosphorylated and then translocated from the cytoplasm to the assembling cytoskeleton, and suggest that HSP27 phosphorylation may be important to the binding of HSP27 to cytoskeletal components and the cytoskeletal rearrangements characteristic of platelet activation.
Efficient and Secure Time-Key Based Single Sign-On Authentication for Mobile Devices (2017)

In recent years, mobile devices are becoming an integrated part of our society, and this reinforces the need for security and privacy without incurring additional communication and computation costs. In this paper, we propose a new efficient privacy preserving time-key-based single sign-on (TK-SSO) authenticated key management protocol for mobile devices using elliptic curve cryptography. This allows us to achieve the desirable security properties along with significantly reduced computation and communication costs. TK-SSO also supports the revocation of mobile users and servers. We prove the security of TK-SSO in a widely accepted adversary real-or-random model, as well as using Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) simulation tool to demonstrate that TK-SSO can resist various known attacks. We then evaluate the performance of TK-SSO and three related protocols to demonstrate its utility.
Evaluation of Keratin–Cellulose Blend Fibers as Precursors for Carbon Fibers (2022)

One main challenge to utilize cellulose-based fibers as the precursor for carbon fibers is their inherently low carbon yield. This study aims to evaluate the use of keratin in chicken feathers, a byproduct of the poultry industry generated in large quantities, as a natural charring agent to improve the yield of cellulose-derived carbon fibers. Keratin-cellulose composite fibers are prepared through direct dissolution of the pulp and feather keratin in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) and subsequent dry jet wet spinning (so-called Ioncell process). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that there is an increase in the carbon yield by ∼53 wt % with 30 wt % keratin incorporation. This increase is comparable to the one observed for lignin-cellulose composite fibers, in which lignin acts as a carbon booster due to its higher carbon content. Keratin, however, reduces the mechanical properties of cellulose precursor fibers to a lesser extent than lignin. Keratin introduces nitrogen and induces the formation of pores in the precursor fibers and the resulting carbon fibers. Carbon materials derived from the keratin-cellulose composite fiber show potential for applications where nitrogen doping and pores or voids in the carbon are desirable, for example, for low-cost bio-based carbons for energy harvest or storage.
Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis (2005)

This report updates U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the principles of exposure management remain unchanged, recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed. This report emphasizes adherence to HIV PEP when it is indicated for an exposure, expert consultation in management of exposures, follow-up of exposed workers to improve adherence to PEP, and monitoring for adverse events, including seroconversion. To ensure timely postexposure management and administration of HIV PEP, clinicians should consider occupational exposures as urgent medical concerns.
Elastic head support for men with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2014)

This article describes an inexpensive elastic head support for persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neck muscle weakness and also presents a case series to examine its effectiveness. The device offers support to the head while the user is seated, standing, and walking, providing support for persons in various stages of ALS. The head support system was tested in seven male patients with ALS. Before and after the 2 wk trial, the subjects answered questions related to their communication efficacy, difficulty swallowing, level of neck discomfort, number of hours being upright before neck discomfort, comfort in social settings, and rating of perceived dyspnea. Subjects also answered specific questions related to the elastic head support after the 2 wk trial. The results suggested that the elastic head support is useful for some, but not all, patients.
Related Article from Brush-based Cytology Screening in the Tonsils and Cervix: There Is a Difference! (2023)

Related Article from Brush-based Cytology Screening in the Tonsils and Cervix: There Is a Difference!
99.996 % 12C films isotopically enriched and deposited in situ (2013)

Ionizing natural abundance carbon dioxide gas, we extract and mass select the ions, depositing thin films isotopically enriched to 99.9961(4) % 12C as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In solid state quantum information, coherence times of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in 12C enriched diamond exceeding milliseconds demonstrate the viability of NV centers as qubits, motivating improved isotopic enrichment. NV centers in diamond are particularly attractive qubit candidates due to the optical accessibility of the spin states. We present SIMS analysis and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy of 12C enriched thin film samples grown with this method.
Pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus for oligosaccharides production: delignification degree and characterisation of the hydrolysis products (2010)

The aim of the present study is to compare two delignification methods (formic/acetic acid1 and soaking in aqueous ammonia) on Miscanthus x giganteus and to assess the suitability to produce cellobiose and other oligosaccharides after enzymatic hydrolysis. Oligosaccharides have recently gotten attention for their health benefits. Two methods were compared in order to quantify lignin: the acid detergent lignin method (procedure of Van Soest most commonly employed by animal scientist and agronomists for analysis of forages) and the Klason lignin procedure. Lignin concentrations in raw material determined by both methods were different; Klason lignin value (23.5%) was greater than the acid detergent lignin concentration (12.9%). Possible reasons of these results will be discussed. Pretreatment by the formic/acid mixture showed a better deliginification rate compared to the soaking in aqueous ammonia method. Results were based on Klason lignin. Analysis of the structural carbohydrates revealed that untreated miscanthus was mainly composed of glucose and xylose. Extracted pulps by both delignification methods were hydrolysed by commercial cellulases and hemicellulases. A major challenge is the characterisation of complex mixtures of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, the hydrolysis products were separated and quantified by highperformance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAECPAD). This method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of monosaccharides (glucose and xylose) and disaccharides (cellobiose and xylobiose) formed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated miscanthus. The influence of the pretreatments on the oligosaccharides yields will be presented.
Comparison of the effects of direct laryngoscopic and fiberoptic oral endotracheal intubation on the intraocular pressures of non-ophthalmic patients: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial (2022)

Aim: In this prospective, randomised, clinical study; we aimed to compare the effects of endotracheal intubation (ETI) via direct laryngoscope (DLS) and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and haemodynamic data of non-ophthalmic patients. Methods: Fifty four adult patients undergoing non-opthalmic surgeries performed in the supin position under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included into the study. The patients were randomly and prospectively divided into 2 groups; Group DLS (n=27) and Group FOB (n=27). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), Heart rate (HR), IOP were measured at before induction (basal), post-induction and 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th minutes of intubation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in distirubiton of patient characteristics. Duration of intubation was significantly longer in Group FOB (p&lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in MAP and HR when groups compared each other. Statistically significant increase was found in IOP at 1st minute of intubation in Group DLS when compared with Group FOB (p&lt;0.001). No significant difference was found in terms of IOP in other time periods. Conclusions: We thought that endotracheal intubation by FOB could be more useful with respect to endotracheal intubation by DLS in patients with high IOP due to significantly less rise caused in IOP when performed by experienced anesthesiologists.
Intelligent network services using a service switching node (2003)

Most CCS7-based enhanced services for non-SPC (stored-program-control) offices can be offered through a switching service node (SSN). An SSN would be positioned as an intermediate access point where a number of non-SPC end offices would derive enhanced services. The end offices need only to provide trunking to the SSN to activate a particular service. The DEX MegaHub, an SSN architecture based on a highly distributed network of microprocessors that are interconnected through an internal message transfer network (MTN) with a peak throughput of over 500 thousand packet/s, is described. With the MTN it is possible to offer intelligent network services and signaling transfer point (STP) and service control point (SCP) capabilities in conjunction with regular switching functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
L5/S1 Fusion Rates in Degenerative Spine Surgery (2016)

The current literature available to guide the treatment of L5/S1 pathology is poor, but the available data suggest that a high fusion rate can be expected with the use of an ALIF, TLIF, or axial interbody fusion. Any technique-dependent benefit in fusion rate can be eliminated with common surgical modifications such as the use of bilateral pedicle screws.
The Limits of Abstraction (1998)

Abstract This paper has been written more from a sense of curiosity than commitment. I was fortunate enough to attend the Munich Conference on the Philosophy of Mathematics in the Summer of 1993 and to overhear a discussion of recent work on Frege’s approach to the foundations of mathematics.
Water Permeation through Nafion Membranes: The Role of Water Activity (2008)

The permeation of water through 1100 equivalent weight Nation membranes has been measured for film thicknesses of 51-254 microm, temperatures of 30-80 degrees C, and water activities (a(w)) from 0.3 to 1 (liquid water). Water permeation coefficients increased with water content in Nafion. For feed side water activity in the range 0 < a(w) < 0.8, permeation coefficients increased linearly with water activity and scaled inversely with membrane thickness. The permeation coefficients were independent of membrane thickness when the feed side of the membrane was in contact with liquid water (a(w) = 1). The permeation coefficient for a 127 microm thick membrane increased by a factor of 10 between contacting the feed side of the membrane to water vapor (a(w) = 0.9) compared to liquid water (a(w) = 1). Water permeation couples interfacial transport across the fluid membrane interface with water transport through the hydrophilic phase of Nafion. At low water activity the hydrophilic volume fraction is small and permeation is limited by water diffusion. The volume fraction of the hydrophilic phase increases with water activity, increasing water transport. As a(w) --> 1, the effective transport rate increased by almost an order of magnitude, resulting in a change of the limiting transport resistance from water permeation across the membrane to interfacial mass transport at the gas/membrane interface.
Mechanics of Active Contraction in Cardiac Muscle: Part II—Cylindrical Models of the Systolic Left Ventricle (1993)

Models of contracting ventricular myocardium were used to study the effects of different assumptions concerning active tension development on the distributions of stress and strain in the equatorial region of the intact left ventricle during systole. Three models of cardiac muscle contraction were incorporated in a cylindrical model for passive left ventricular mechanics developed previously [Guccione et al. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 113, pp. 42-55 (1991)]. Systolic sarcomere length and fiber stresses predicted by a general "deactivation" model of cardiac contraction [Guccione and McCulloch, ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 115, pp. 72-81 (1993)] were compared with those computed using two less complex models of active fiber stress: In a time-varying "elastance" model, isometric tension development was computed from a function of peak intracellular calcium concentration, time after contraction onset and sarcomere length; a "Hill" model was formulated by scaling this isometric tension using the force-velocity relation derived from the deactivation model. For the same calcium ion concentration, the sarcomeres in the deactivation model shortened approximately 0.1 microns less throughout the wall at end-systole than those in the other models. Thus, muscle fibers in the intact ventricle are subjected to rapid length changes that cause deactivation during the ejection phase of a normal cardiac cycle. The deactivation model predicted rather uniform transmural profiles of fiber stress and cross-fiber stress distributions that were almost identical to those of the radial component. These three components were indistinguishable from the principal stresses. Transmural strain distributions predicted at end-systole by the deactivation model agreed closely with experimental measurements from the anterior free wall of the canine left ventricle.
Exosomes play an important role in the process of psoralen reverse multidrug resistance of breast cancer (2016)

Psoralen can affect the exosomes and induce the reduction of resistance transmission via exosomes might through PPAR and P53 signaling pathways, which might provide a novel strategy for breast cancer resistance to chemotherapy in the future.
Research challenges in computation, communication, and context awareness for ubiquitous healthcare (2012)

A new paradigm for ubiquitous healthcare characterized by pervasive continuous vital sign data collection, real-time processing of monitored data to derive meaningful physiological parameters, and context-aware data- and patient-centric decision making, is central to deliver personalized healthcare solutions to the elderly and the physically challenged. However, this new paradigm requires real-time processing of wirelessly collected vital signs using inherently complex physiological models and analysis of the processed information under context (e.g., location, ambient conditions, current physical activity) to extract knowledge about the health condition of patients. As the computational capabilities of biomedical sensor nodes are insufficient to run these models, this article presents an innovative resource provisioning framework that organizes and harnesses the computing capabilities of under-utilized electronic devices in the vicinity (e.g., laptops, tablets, PDAs, DVRs, medical terminals) in home and hospital settings. Novel wireless communication solutions for reliable vital sign transmission and algorithms for acquiring context awareness to support this framework are also discussed.
ON ISOMETRIC DEFORMATION OF SCREW SURFACES (1963)

Packaging inflatable structures isometric mapping of strain-free surface deformations for flat annular disk package
Nonreentrant atrial tachycardia occurs independently of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in RASopathy patients (2018)

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) has a well-known association with Costello syndrome, but is rarely described with related RAS/MAPK pathway disorders (RASopathies). We report 11 patients with RASopathies (Costello, Noonan, and Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines [formerly LEOPARD syndrome]) and nonreentrant atrial tachycardias (MAT and ectopic atrial tachycardia) demonstrating overlap in cardiac arrhythmia phenotype. Similar overlap is seen in RASopathies with respect to skeletal, musculoskeletal and cutaneous abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, and neurodevelopmental deficits. Nonreentrant atrial tachycardias may cause cardiac compromise if sinus rhythm is not restored expeditiously. Typical first-line supraventricular tachycardia anti-arrhythmics (propranolol and digoxin) were generally not effective in restoring or maintaining sinus rhythm in this cohort, while flecainide or amiodarone alone or in concert with propranolol were effective anti-arrhythmic agents for acute and chronic use. Atrial tachycardia resolved in all patients. However, a 4-month-old boy from the cohort was found asystolic (with concurrent cellulitis) and a second patient underwent cardiac transplant for heart failure complicated by recalcitrant atrial arrhythmia. While propranolol alone frequently failed to convert or maintain sinus rhythm, fleccainide or amiodarone, occasionally in combination with propranolol, was effective for RASopathy patient treatment for nonreentrant atrial arrhythmia. Our analysis shows that RASopathy patients may have nonreentrant atrial tachycardia with and without associated cardiac hypertrophy. While nonreentrant arrhythmia has been traditionally associated with Costello syndrome, this work provides an expanded view of RASopathy cardiac arrhythmia phenotype as we demonstrate mutant proteins throughout this signaling pathway can also give rise to ectopic and/or MAT.
Concise Review: Generation of Neurons From Somatic Cells of Healthy Individuals and Neurological Patients Through Induced Pluripotency or Direct Conversion (2014)

Access to healthy or diseased human neural tissue is a daunting task and represents a barrier for advancing our understanding about the cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. Reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency by transient expression of transcription factors was achieved a few years ago. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from both healthy individuals and patients suffering from debilitating, life-threatening neurological diseases have been differentiated into several specific neuronal subtypes. An alternative emerging approach is the direct conversion of somatic cells (i.e., fibroblasts, blood cells, or glial cells) into neuron-like cells. However, to what extent neuronal direct conversion of diseased somatic cells can be achieved remains an open question. Optimization of current expansion and differentiation approaches is highly demanded to increase the differentiation efficiency of specific phenotypes of functional neurons from iPSCs or through somatic cell direct conversion. The realization of the full potential of iPSCs relies on the ability to precisely modify specific genome sequences. Genome editing technologies including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CAS9 RNA-guided nucleases have progressed very fast over the last years. The combination of genome-editing strategies and patient-specific iPSC biology will offer a unique platform for in vitro generation of diseased and corrected neural derivatives for personalized therapies, disease modeling and drug screening.