gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact pyroelectric detector (1985)

This paper describes a pyroelectric detector consisting of a lens-conical condenser and a sensitive element with a source follower and an amplifier. The diameter of the entrance aperture of the condenser is 14 mm and the diameter of the exit aperture is 2 mm. The lens is made of germanium and the sensitive element is made of lithium tantalate. The detectability of the device, relative to the entrance of the lensconical condenser, is 4.10/sup 8/ cm.Hz /SUP 1/2/ .W/sup -1/.
Hybrid Disk Array Architecture and its Performance Analysis (1997)

We developed a higher performance and lower cost Disk Array ( RAID ) system. It is based on software RAID and uses hardware accelerator for parity generation and others. The RAID control software is implemented as a device driver of an operating system and it executes address translation, cache management and hardware control functions. To reduce write penalty of RAID-5, we proposed new data update method named Delayed Parity Generation and new data-parity placement method. A Prototype shows twice performance in typical Database environment comparing with conventional RAID-5.
A 28nm FDSOI 8192-point digital ASIC spectrometer from a Chisel generator (2018)

This work presents a Chisel ASIC spectrometer generator, which supports a wide array of applications through a modular and parameterized hierarchical design. Customizable features include filter coefficients, FFT bins, automatic pipelining, bitwidth selection with automatic bitwidth growth, and overall topology. An instance of the generator was selected, verified, and taped-out in a 28nm UTBB-FDSOI process to demonstrate its efficacy. Custom serial links bring high-speed data from a 3-bit external ADC to the digital spectrometer, which achieves a sample rate of 17 GS/s with an 8192-point FFT. Such a generator greatly simplifies ASIC spectrometer development, paving the way for future low-cost ASIC systems.
A method for estimating wildlife detection probabilities in relation to home-range use: insights from a field study on the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) (2005)

Using field data from brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), we present a method for modelling wildlife detection probabilities. Whereas detection functions typically (e.g. for distance sampling) describe the probability of direct human observations of animal subjects, we adapted this approach for cryptic species where observation depends on animals being caught in traps. Specifically, we characterised the probability of individual brushtail possums being caught by leg-hold traps in an area of farmland and native forest in New Zealand. Detection probability was defined as the per-individual, per-trap, per-night probability of a possum being captured, and was modelled as a function of home-range utilisation. Radio-telemetry was used to define the home-range distributions of 18 possums, and a combination of scanning radio-receivers and movement-activated video-cameras recorded instances when radio-collared possums encountered and stepped on the trigger of leg-hold traps (inactivated by being wired open). We estimated a 5% chance of trapping individual possums with a single leg-hold trap located in the centre of their home range for one night (median value across possums). Furthermore, this probability decreased rapidly as a function of distance, so that at 120 m from the centre of the home range there was less than a 1% chance of trapping success per possum per night. The techniques developed in this study could be applied to a wide variety of species and sampling methods.
<title>Virtual haptic overlays enhance performance in telepresence tasks</title> (1995)

An empirical study was performed in which human subjects were asked to execute a peg- insertion task through a telepresence link with force-feedback. Subjects controlled a remote manipulator through natural hand motions by using an anthropomorphic upper body exoskeleton. The force-reflecting exoskeleton could present haptic sensations in six degrees of freedom. Subjects viewed the remote site through a high fidelity stereo vision system. Subjects performed the peg-insertion task under three different conditions: (1) in-person (direct manipulation), (2) through the telepresence link (telemanipulation), and (3) through the telepresence link while using abstract virtual haptic overlays known as `virtual fixtures' (telemanipulation with virtual fixturing). Five different haptic overlays were tested which included virtual surfaces, virtual damping fields, virtual snap-to-planes, and virtual snap-to- lines. Results of subject testing confirmed that human performance was significantly degraded when comparing telepresence manipulation to direct in-person manipulation. Results also confirmed that by introducing abstract haptic overlays into telepresence link, operator performance could be restored closer to natural in-person capacity. The use of 3D haptic overlays were found to as much as double manual performance in the standard peg-insertion task.
Soil Response to Agricultural Land Abandonment: A Case Study of a Vineyard in Northern Italy (2021)

Agricultural land abandonment is an emerging problem in European Union (EU), and about 11% of agricultural EU land is at high risk of abandonment in the coming 10 years. Land abandonment may have both positive and negative effects in ecosystems. Due to the potential for land abandonment to increase soil fertility, the study of vegetation succession effects on soil quality is of great importance. In this study, we investigated an abandoned vineyard where, after a period of 30 years, rows and alleys were characterized by two different forms of vegetation succession: natural recolonization by trees along the rows and by herbaceous vegetation in the alleys. No-tilled alleys covered by herbaceous vegetation of a neighboring conventionally cultivated vineyard were used as a comparison. Soil samples were chemically characterized (pH, extractable element, and available and total metals), and analyzed for the determination of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools; hydrolytic and phenol oxidizing (PO) enzyme activities involved in C, N, and phosphorus (P) cycles; and the enzyme ratios. Results highlighted that natural recolonization by trees increased the organic C and N soil pools by 58% and 34%, respectively, compared to the natural recolonization by herbaceous vegetation. Moreover, natural recolonization by trees reduced β-glucosidase by 79%, urease by 100%, alkaline phosphastase by 98%, acid phosphatase specific hydrolytic activities by 50%, and catechol oxidase and laccase specific oxidative activities by 127% and 119%, respectively, compared to the renaturalization by herbaceous vegetation. In addition, the natural recolonization by trees reduced the C (βglu):C (PO) enzymes ratio by 16% compared to that of the conventional vineyard. Comparing the natural recolonization by herbaceous vegetation with that of the conventional vineyard revealed little significant difference (15% of the measured and calculated parameters); in particular, PO activities significantly decreased in the renaturalized vineyard with herbaceous vegetation by 49% (catechol oxidase) and 52% (laccase), and the C (βglu):C (PO) enzyme ratio showed a reduction (−11%) in the vineyard naturally recolonized by herbaceous vegetation compared to the conventional vineyard. This highlights that the type of vegetation succession that takes place after land abandonment may have a significant impact in terms of soil fertility and C accrual potential. These results help to focus attention on the practices used in agro-forestry that should be adopted in abandoned agro-ecosystems to increase their biodiversity, soil C stock, and soil quality, because these indicators are affected by the type of vegetative coverage.
The biological foundation of the genetic association of TOMM40 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (2017)

A variable-length poly-T variant in intron 6 of the TOMM40 gene, rs10524523, is associated with risk and age-of-onset of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease. In Caucasians, the three predominant alleles at this locus are Short (S), Long (L) or Very long (VL). On an APOE ε3/3 background, the S/VL and VL/VL genotypes are more protective than S/S. The '523 poly-T has regulatory properties, in that the VL poly-T results in higher expression than the S poly-T in luciferase expression systems. The aim of the current work was to identify effects on cellular bioenergetics of increased TOM40 protein expression. MitoTracker Green fluorescence and autophagic vesicle staining was the same in control and over-expressing cells, but TOM40 over-expression was associated with increased expression of TOM20, a preprotein receptor of the TOM complex, the mitochondrial chaperone HSPA9, and PDHE1a, and increased activities of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV and of the TCA member α-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase. Consistent with the complex I findings, respiration was more sensitive to inhibition by rotenone in control cells than in the TOM40 over-expressing cells. In the absence of inhibitors, total cellular ATP, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration were elevated in the over-expressing cells. Spare respiratory capacity was greater in the TOM40 over-expressing cells than in the controls. TOM40 over-expression blocked Ab-elicited decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP levels, and cellular viability in the control cells. These data suggest elevated expression of TOM40 may be protective of mitochondrial function.
Robust and uncalibrated visual servoing without Jacobian using a simplex method (2003)

In this paper, we present a robot positioning task with respect to a static target using visual servoing and optimization techniques. The vision system is uncalibrated and the kinematic model of the robot may be totally unknown. The displacements of the robot are generated in real time in order to minimize an objective function. The objective function includes the quadratic error between the current target image and the desired target image. A simplex method is used to minimize the objective function. Our method allows the system to include constraints in the image as well as in joint-space. We successfully validate this method, with simulations under the graphic library QpenGL and with experiments on a 6-DOF industrial manipulator.
Electronic energy spectra and wave functions on the square Fibonacci tiling (2006)

We study the electronic energy spectra and wave functions on the square Fibonacci tiling, using an off-diagonal tight-binding model, in order to determine the exact nature of the transitions between different spectral behaviors, as well as the scaling of the total bandwidth as it becomes finite. The macroscopic degeneracy of certain energy values in the spectrum is invoked as a possible mechanism for the emergence of extended electronic Bloch wave functions as the dimension changes from one to two.
Stress-related phenomena in transient radiation-induced absorption in optical fibers (1988)

The optical properties of materials can be modified by exposure to radiation and research to investigate these radiation-induced phenomena has intensified over the last several decades. The advent of optical fiber technology and the many applications of optical fiber for information transmission have sharply increased the interest in these investigations. Optical fibers present a long optical transmission path and that path may traverse different adverse environments, including radiation areas. The long tranmission path provides increased potential for interactions between the optical information signal and the optical medium. 10 refs., 10 figs.
Enantioselective chiral poly(thiophenes) (1988)

Chiral poly(thiophenes) have been synthesized by electropolymerization; they exhibit high specific rotation, stability, and conductivity and can stereoselectively recognize chiral anions used as doping agents during voltammetric cycles.
Mathematical Synthesis and Analysis of Nonlinear Metasurfaces (2017)

We propose a discussion on the synthesis and scattering analysis of nonlinear metasurfaces. For simplicity, we investigate the case of a second-order nonlinear isotropic metasurface possessing both electric and magnetic linear and nonlinear susceptibility components. We next find the synthesis expressions relating the susceptibilities to the specified fields, which leads to the definition of the nonlinear metasurface conditions for no reflection, themselves revealing the nonreciprocal nature of such structures. Finally, we provide the approximate expressions of the scattered fields based on perturbation theory and compare the corresponding results to finite-difference time-domain simulations.
Laboratory methods and quality assurance in the Cardiovascular Health Study (1995)

The Cardiovascular Health Study is an observational cohort study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 5201 participants, ages > or = 65 years. We report the methods and quality-assurance results for blood procurement, processing, shipping, storage, and sample analysis used during the first examination period (May 1989-June 1990). The most frequent difficulty in phlebotomy and processing was the requirement of more than one venipuncture (in 2.6% of the participants). The CVs for control materials ranged from 0.93% for glucose to 10.7% for insulin; most were < 4%. In addition to standard quality-assurance methods, we applied two other methods: technical error calculation for replicates, and weighted linear regression to assess time trend in results of control materials. After outliers were excluded, technical error values ranged from 1.7 for uric acid to 18.8 for insulin. Factor VII and factor VIII had slight trends over the 12-month analysis period. Results of quality-assurance analyses used to resolve problems were successful, thereby improving the second laboratory examination.
Pericyte-mediated regulation of capillary diameter: a component of neurovascular coupling in health and disease (2010)

Because regional blood flow increases in association with the increased metabolic demand generated by localized increases in neural activity, functional imaging researchers often assume that changes in blood flow are an accurate read-out of changes in underlying neural activity. An understanding of the mechanisms that link changes in neural activity to changes in blood flow is crucial for assessing the validity of this assumption, and for understanding the processes that can go wrong during disease states such as ischaemic stroke. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms of neurovascular regulation in arterioles but other evidence suggests that blood flow regulation can also occur in capillaries, because of the presence of contractile cells, pericytes, on the capillary wall. Here we review the evidence that pericytes can modulate capillary diameter in response to neuronal activity and assess the likely importance of neurovascular regulation at the capillary level for functional imaging experiments. We also discuss evidence suggesting that pericytes are particularly sensitive to damage during pathological insults such as ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease and diabetic retinopathy, and consider the potential impact that pericyte dysfunction might have on the development of therapeutic interventions and on the interpretation of functional imaging data in these disorders.
Identification of 5-Substituted 2-Acylaminothiazoles That Activate Tat-Mediated Transcription in HIV-1 Latency Models (2019)

The persistent reservoir of cells latently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-integrated proviral DNA necessitates lifelong suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Epigenetic targeted compounds have shown promise as potential latency-reversing agents; however, these drugs have undesirable toxicity and lack specificity for HIV. We utilized a novel HEK293-derived FlpIn dual-reporter cell line, which quantifies specific HIV provirus reactivation (LTR promoter) relative to nonspecific host cell gene expression (CMV promoter), to identify the 5-substituted 2-acylaminothiazole hit class. Here, we describe the optimization of the hit class, defining the functionality necessary for HIV gene activation and for improving in vitro metabolism and solubility. The optimized compounds displayed enhanced HIV gene expression in HEK293 and Jurkat 10.6 latency cellular models and increased unspliced HIV RNA in resting CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-infected individuals on ART, demonstrating the potential of the 2-acylaminothiazole class as latency-reversing agents.
EXPERIMENTAL MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF BACTERIOPHAGE T7 (1993)

We present an analysis of molecular evolution in a laboratory-generated phylogeny of the bacteriophage T7, a virus of 40 kilo-base pairs of double-stranded DNA. The known biology of T7 is used in concert with observed changes in restriction sites and in DNA sequences to produce a model of restriction-site convergence and divergence in the experimental lineages. During laboratory propagation in the presence of a mutagen, the phage lineages changed an estimated 0.5%-1.5% in base pairs; most change appears to have been G → A or C → T, presumably because of the mutagen employed. Some classes of restriction-site losses can be explained adequately as simple outcomes of random processes, given the mutation rate and the bias in mutation spectrum. However, some other classes of sites appear to have undergone accelerated rates of loss, as though the losses were selectively favored. Overall, the wealth of knowledge available for T7 biology contributes only modestly to these explanations of restriction-site evolution, but rates of restriction-site gains remain poorly explained, perhaps requiring an even deeper understanding of T7 genetics than was employed here. Having measured these properties of molecular evolution, we programmed computer simulations with the parameter estimates and pseudo-replicated the empirical study, thereby providing a data base for statistical evaluation of phylogeny reconstruction methods. By these criteria, replicates of the experimental phylogeny would be correctly reconstructed over 97% of the time for the three methods tested, but the methods differed significantly both in their ability to recover the correct topology and in their ability to predict branch lengths. More generally, the study illustrates how analyses of experimental evolution in bacteriophage can be exploited to reveal relationships between the basics of molecular evolution and abstract models of evolutionary processes.
Augmented Learning for Sports Using Wearable Head-worn and Wrist-worn Devices (2019)

Novices can learn sports in a variety of ways ranging from guidance from an instructor to watching video tutorials. In each case, subsequent and repeated self-directed practice sessions are an essential step. However, during such self-directed practice, constant guidance and feedback is absent. As a result, the novices do not know if they are making mistake or if there are any areas for improvement. In this position paper, we propose using wearable devices to augment such self-directed practice sessions by providing augmented guidance and feedback. In particular, a head-worn display can provide real-time guidance whilst wrist-worn devices can provide real-time tracking and monitoring of various states. We envision this approach being applied to various sports, and in particular this is suitable for sports that utilize precise hand motion such as snooker, billiards, golf, archery, cricket, tennis and table tennis.
Impact of acid statistics on EUV local critical dimension uniformity (2017)

The goal of this work intends to explore the effects of different acid concentrations on LCDU and to utilize these experimental data to validate the LCDU analytical model for CAR with the final aim to predict the chemical limits of CAR. In this work, effects of acid deprotection, acid diffusion, acid-base interaction and PEB temperature on LCDU are studied by varying the PAG acidity, size, loading and quencher loading in chemically amplified resist. It was found PAG acidity, PAG anion size, quencher loading and PEB have significant influences on LCDU, while PAG loading has less significant influences. The EUV experimental results were then utilized to validate the LCDU analytical model. The model assumes that LCDU is directly proportional to normalized dose sensitivity (NDS) and photon-acid statistics, namely the photon or acid counting within blur range. In the above design of experience, PAG loading, quencher loading and PEB temperature affect resist sensitivity as well as diffusion length or blur length. Although acid diffusion reduction leads to shorter blur length thus smaller photon counting area, dose increment contributes to higher photon density in the counting area. Therefore overall acid and photon statistics is improved and LCDU generally decreased with reduced acid diffusion. However, such benefits disappear at certain level and the lower limit of LCDU of this resist platform is observed. Besides acid diffusion, NDS impacts LCDU through as well, which can be achieved by varying the PAG type. In summary, this work help to understand how to manipulate different resist compositions to impact NDS and acid diffusion in order to improve LCDU.
Neonatal CD71+ Erythroid Cells Do Not Modify Murine Sepsis Mortality (2015)

Sepsis is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. A recent report suggested that murine neonatal host defense against infection could be compromised by immunosuppressive CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes. We examined the impact of CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes on murine neonatal mortality to endotoxin challenge or polymicrobial sepsis and characterized circulating CD71(+) erythroid (CD235a(+)) cells in human neonates. Adoptive transfer or an Ab-mediated reduction in neonatal CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes did not alter murine neonatal survival to endotoxin challenge or polymicrobial sepsis challenge. Ex vivo immunosuppression of stimulated adult CD11b(+) cells was not limited to neonatal splenocytes; it also occurred with adult and neonatal bone marrow. Animals treated with anti-CD71 Ab showed reduced splenic bacterial load following bacterial challenge compared with isotype-treated mice. However, adoptive transfer of enriched CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes to CD71(+)-reduced animals did not reduce bacterial clearance. Human CD71(+)CD235a(+) cells were common among cord blood mononuclear cells and were shown to be reticulocytes. In summary, a lack of effect on murine survival to polymicrobial sepsis following adoptive transfer or diminution of CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes under these experimental conditions suggests that the impact of these cells on neonatal infection risk and progression may be limited. An unanticipated immune priming effect of anti-CD71 Ab treatment, rather than a reduction in immunosuppressive CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes, was likely responsible for the reported enhanced bacterial clearance. In humans, the well-described rapid decrease in circulating reticulocytes after birth suggests that they may have a limited role in reducing inflammation secondary to microbial colonization.
Analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs solar cell structures by optical reflectance spectroscopy (1990)

The control of the thickness and composition of the GaAs cap and AlGaAs window layers is essential to the fabrication of high-efficiency AlGaAs/GaAs heteroface solar cells. The use of optical reflectance spectroscopy for the analysis of these structures is presented. The calculation of the reflectance of a system of thin films is described along with the computer program, REFIT, for the analysis of GaAs cell structures. Results are presented for structures at different stages in the solar cell fabrication process, and the method is applied to the analysis of the oxidation of high AlAs mole fraction AlGaAs layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>