gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digging Into Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation (2019)

Per-pixel ground-truth depth data is challenging to acquire at scale. To overcome this limitation, self-supervised learning has emerged as a promising alternative for training models to perform monocular depth estimation. In this paper, we propose a set of improvements, which together result in both quantitatively and qualitatively improved depth maps compared to competing self-supervised methods. Research on self-supervised monocular training usually explores increasingly complex architectures, loss functions, and image formation models, all of which have recently helped to close the gap with fully-supervised methods. We show that a surprisingly simple model, and associated design choices, lead to superior predictions. In particular, we propose (i) a minimum reprojection loss, designed to robustly handle occlusions, (ii) a full-resolution multi-scale sampling method that reduces visual artifacts, and (iii) an auto-masking loss to ignore training pixels that violate camera motion assumptions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of each component in isolation, and show high quality, state-of-the-art results on the KITTI benchmark.
Metabolism‐related pharmacokinetic drug−drug interactions with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: current understanding, challenges and recommendations (2014)

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur when a patient's response to the drug is modified by administration or co-exposure to another drug. The main cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, CYP3A4, is implicated in the metabolism of almost all of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Therefore, there is a substantial potential for interaction between TKIs and other drugs that modulate the activity of this metabolic pathway. Cancer patients are susceptible to DDIs as they receive many medications, either for supportive care or for treatment of toxicity. Differences in DDI outcomes are generally negligible because of the wide therapeutic window of common drugs. However for anticancer agents, serious clinical consequences may occur from small changes in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight the current understanding of DDIs among TKIs, with a focus on metabolism, as well as to identify challenges in the prediction of DDIs and provide recommendations.
Optimal Placement of Transparent Relay Stations in 802.16j Mobile Multihop Relay Networks (2011)

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) has emerged as a promising radio access technology for providing high speed broadband connectivity to subscribers over large geographic regions. New enhancements allow deployments of relay stations (RSs) that can extend the coverage of the base station (BS), increase cell capacity, or both. In this paper, we consider the placement of transparent RSs that maximize the cell capacity. We provide a closed-form approximation for the optimal location of RS inside a cell. A numerical analysis of a number of case studies validates the closed-form approximation. The numerical results show that the closed-form approximation is reasonably accurate.
Prediction of congenital hypothyroidism based on initial screening thyroid-stimulating-hormone (2016)

Infants with modestly elevated screening positive TSH levels between 17 and 19.9 mIU/L have a significant risk (24 %) of having CH. The very high frequency of true positives in term newborns with initial TSH values ≥ 30mIU/L suggests that this group should be referred directly to a pediatric endocrinologist in an effort to expedite further assessment and treatment. Screen positives with a modestly elevated TSH values (17-19.9 mIU/L) need to be examined in more detail with extended follow-up data to determine if they have transient or permanent CH.
Compensation of systematic variations through optimal biasing of SRAM wordlines (2008)

Increasing process variability is slowing SRAM scaling by reducing both read and write margins. Existing techniques to compensate for systematic variations optimize cell stability with excessive penalty to writeability. To maximize overall yield, a sensor circuit is presented that optimizes the read / write tradeoff in the presence of process, voltage, and temperature variations. Sensors implemented in a low-power 45nm test chip adjust the wordline voltage to track changes in the optimal value within 30mV over the entire range of operation.
Design and study of water-soluble positive- and negative-tone imaging materials (1998)

The interest in imaging materials with improved environmental characteristics has led us to consider imaging formulations coated from and developed in aqueous media, thus avoiding the need for both organic solvents and basic aqueous developer solutions. We have previously reported on the design of several negative-tone resists operating via radiation-induced crosslinking, and while the performance of these negative-tone systems met our basic goals, the resolution that could be achieved was limited due to swelling occurring during development. We now report on various other designs based on polyoxazoline, poly(vinyl alcohol), and methacrylate resins that circumvent this problem with approaches towards both negative- and positive- tone systems.
GG167 (4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus in ferrets (1995)

GG167 (4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is a novel viral neuraminidase (sialidase) inhibitor which, following intranasal administration in ferrets, is at least 100 to 1,000 times more effective than ribavirin and amantadine against influenza A and B viruses. It retains its activity even when treatments are delayed until 24 h postinfection and has no effect on the serum antibody response to infection.
[Differential ultrastructural elements in human cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus replication in cultures of human cells]. (1976)

Differential ultrastructural features in the replicative cycle between a strain of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and two strains (types 1 and 2) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been studied by electron microscopy. Either on the same or different host cell system four differential aspects have been constantly observed: a) presence in CMV infected cells of a large nuclear inclusion, lacking in HSV infected cells; b) envelopment of CMV capsids by microvescicular systems near the nuclear membrane, whereas HSV (types 1 and 2) takes envelope from the inner lamina of the nuclear membrane; c) presence in the cytoplasm of CMV infected cells of homogeneous dense material and dense microbodies, lacking in HSV infected cells; d) in extracellular space homogenous dense microbodies are present only in CMV infected cell cultures. Diagnostic usefulness of the above reported ultrastructural differences and their meaning on the basis of most recent data of the literature are discussed, with special concern to envelopment of two viruses and to the nature of homogeneous dense material observed in CMV infected cells.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACID MINE DRAINGE (2002)

Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs when metal sulfides are exposed to oxidizing conditions. Leaching of reaction products into surface waters pollute over 20,000 km of streams in the USA alone. Mining companies must predict the potential of creating AMD by using overburden analyses. Where a potential exists, special handling of overburden materials and quick coverage of acid-producing materials in the backfill should be practiced. The addition of acid-neutralizing materials can reduce or eliminate AMD problems. Placing acid-producing materials under dry barriers can isolate these materials from air and water. Other AMD control technologies being researched include injection of alkaline materials (ashes and limestone) into abandoned underground mines and into buried acid material in mine backfills, remining of abandoned areas, and installation of alkaline recharge trenches. Chemicals used for treating AMD are Ca(OH)2, CaO, NaOH, Na2CO3, and NH3, with each having advantages under certain conditions. Under low-flow situations, all of the chemicals except Ca(OH)2 are cost effective, while at high flow Ca(OH)2 and CaO are clearly the most cost effective. Floc, the metal hydroxide material collected after treatment, is disposed of in abandoned deep mines, refuse piles, or left in collection ponds. Wetlands remove metals from AMD through formation of oxyhydroxides and sulfides, exchange and organic complexation reactions, and direct plant uptake. Aerobic wetlands are used when water contains enough alkalinity to promote metal precipitation and anaerobic wetlands are used when alkalinity must be generated by microbial sulfate reduction and limestone dissolution. Anoxic limestone drains are buried trenches of limestone that intercept AMD underground to generate alkalinity. Under anoxia, limestone should not be coated with Fe +3 hydroxides in the drain, decreasing the likelihood of clogging. Successive alkalinity-producing systems pre-treat oxygenated AMD with organic matter to remove oxygen and Fe +3 , and then the water is introduced into limestone underneath the organic matter. Open limestone channels use limestone in aerobic environments to treat AMD. Coating of limestone occurs and the reduced limestone dissolution is designed into the treatment system. Alkaline leach beds, containing either limestone or slag, are used to add alkalinity to acid water. At present, most passive systems offer short-term treatment, and are more practical for installation on abandoned sites or watershed restoration projects where effluent limits do not apply and where some removal of acid and metals will benefit a stream.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(2(1H)‐Perimidinylmethyl)azinium Salts. Their Synthesis and Reaction with Electrophiles. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nature of nontargeted radiation effects observed during fractionated irradiation-induced thymic lymphomagenesis in mice (2013)

Changes in the thymic microenvironment lead to radiation-induced thymic lymphomagenesis, but the phenomena are not fully understood. Here we show that radiation-induced chromosomal instability and bystander effects occur in thymocytes and are involved in lymphomagenesis in C57BL/6 mice that have been irradiated four times with 1.8-Gy γ-rays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in descendants of irradiated thymocytes during recovery from radiation-induced thymic atrophy. Concomitantly, descendants of irradiated thymocytes manifested DNA lesions as revealed by γ-H2AX foci, chromosomal instability, aneuploidy with trisomy 15 and bystander effects on chromosomal aberration induction in co-cultured ROS-sensitive mutant cells, suggesting that the delayed generation of ROS is a primary cause of these phenomena. Abolishing the bystander effect of post-irradiation thymocytes by superoxide dismutase and catalase supports ROS involvement. Chromosomal instability in thymocytes resulted in the generation of abnormal cell clones bearing trisomy 15 and aberrant karyotypes in the thymus. The emergence of thymic lymphomas from the thymocyte population containing abnormal cell clones indicated that clones with trisomy 15 and altered karyotypes were prelymphoma cells with the potential to develop into thymic lymphomas. The oncogene Notch1 was rearranged after the prelymphoma cells were established. Thus, delayed nontargeted radiation effects drive thymic lymphomagenesis through the induction of characteristic changes in intrathymic immature T cells and the generation of prelymphoma cells.
Table S4 from Theranostic Radiolabeled Anti-CD20 sdAb for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ex vivo biodistribution of 177Lu-DTPA-sdAb 9077, 9079 and non-target control sdAb (177Lu-DTPA-ctrl sdAb) at 1.5 h p.i., co-infused with 150 mg/kg Gelofusin, in hCD20 B16 tumor mouse model. Results are presented as mean % IA/g {plus minus} SD (n = 3 per sdAb). T/M: Tumor-to-Muscle ratio; T/B: Tumor- to-Blood ratio.&lt;/p&gt;
Misurazione della acuità visiva nel paziente ipovedente (2000)

viene presentata la tecnica e le attenzioni utili per un corretto rilievo della acuità visiva nel paziente ipovedente
Project Glass: An Extension of the Self (2013)

Soon, Google Glass will be worn by many users as part of the Glass Explorers Program. However, to get to this point, Google first hired many of the academics who have worn such devices as part of their everyday lives. Here, Thad Starner discusses how he got hooked on HUDs and why he thinks wearable interfaces will help users pay attention to the real world as opposed to retreating from it.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase ‐2, ‐9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase ‐1, ‐2, ‐3 mRNAs in rat uterus during early pregnancy (2002)

Zymography and in situ hybridizition were used to investigate matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 (MMP-2, -9) activities, and expression of mRNAs for MMP-2, -9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, -2, -3) in the rat uterus during early pregnancy (day 1-7). The zymography results showed two forms of MMP-2 (64 and 67 kDa) in the rat uteri during early pregnancy. The 64-kDa MMP-2 activity was the highest on day 2 (P < 0.01) and higher on day 5 and 6 (P < 0.05). The 67-kDa MMP-2 activity reached the highest on day 5 and 6 (P < 0.01). The 64-kDa MMP-2 activity at the implantation sites was higher than those at interimplantation sites (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 67 kDa MMP-2 can be converted to 64 kDa forms by incubation with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) and trypsin in vitro. The 92-kDa MMP-9 activity was only detected on day 5 and 6 of pregnancy (P < 0.01). In situ hybridization showed that on day 1-4 of pregnancy, both MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNAs were evidently localized in the basal stromal cells. On day 5, MMP-2 mRNA signals were decreased in the basal stromal cells and mRNA for TIMP-2 was expressed in the epithelial cells and subepithelial stromal cells. The mRNAs for MMP-9, TIMP-1, and -3 were mainly expressed in epithelial cells on day 1-5. At the implantation site on day 6, the mRNAs for MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -2, and -3 were highly expressed in the primary decidual zone surrounding the implanting embryo, and in the whole decidualized stromal cells (the primary and secondary decidual zones) at the implantation site on day 7. The intensities of mRNAs for the TIMPs in decidualized stromal cells at the implantation site on day 6 and 7 were stronger than those for the MMPs. The weak mRNAs for MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, and -3 but not TIMP-2 were also observed in the ectoplacental cone/trophoblastic cells of the implanting embryos. However, at the interimplantation sites on day 6 and 7, MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNAs were weakly expressed in the epithelial cells, subepithelial stromal cells, and myometrium. The results suggested that the implanting rat embryo strongly induced MMP-2 and -9 proteins and gene expression for decidulization and embryo invasion, which were strictly controlled and balanced by the simultaneous expression of TIMP-1, -2 and -3.
Trypan Blue Exclusion Test of Cell Viability (2015)

The protocol described in this appendix allows for light microscopic quantitation of cell viability. Cells are suspended in PBS containing trypan blue and then examined to determine the percentage of cells that have clear cytoplasm (viable cells) versus cells that have blue cytoplasm (nonviable cells).
Antifungal Activity of Enilconazole on Experimental Aspergillosis in Chickens (1983)

Day-old chickens were infected with various inoculum sizes of airborne spores of Aspergillus fumigatus, which caused high rates of mortality and morbidity. Fumigation with enilconazole smoke pellets was highly successful in preventing mortality, in reducing morbidity, and in neutralizing growth inhibition of infected chickens. No side effects were observed.
Author response: Substrate transport and anion permeation proceed through distinct pathways in glutamate transporters (2017)

Novel evidence on the molecular determinants of the dual function, anion permeation and substrate transport, of excitatory amino acid transporters opens avenues toward illuminating how these transporters regulate synaptic function and contribute to neurological conditions.
The Caenorhabditis elegans ARIP-4 DNA helicase couples mitochondrial surveillance to immune, detoxification, and antiviral pathways (2022)

Surveillance of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> mitochondrial status is coupled to defense responses such as drug detoxification, immunity, antiviral RNA interference (RNAi), and regulation of life span. A cytochrome p540 detoxification gene, <i>cyp-14A4</i>, is specifically activated by mitochondrial dysfunction. The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-45 and the transcriptional Mediator component MDT-15/MED15 are required for the transcriptional activation of <i>cyp-14A4</i> by mitochondrial mutations, gene inactivations, or toxins. A genetic screen for mutations that fail to activate this cytochrome p450 gene upon drug or mutation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction identified a DNA helicase ARIP-4 that functions in concert with the NHR-45 transcriptional regulatory cascade. In response to mitochondrial dysfunction, ARIP-4 and NHR-45 protein interaction is enhanced, and they relocalize from the nuclear periphery to the interior of intestinal nuclei. NHR-45/ARIP-4 also regulates the transcriptional activation of the <i>eol-1</i> gene that encodes a decapping enzyme required for enhanced RNAi and transgene silencing of mitochondrial mutants. In the absence of <i>arip-4</i>, animals were more susceptible to the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin. Thus, ARIP-4 serves as a transcriptional coactivator of NHR-45 to promote this defense response. A null mutation in <i>arip-4</i> extends the life span and health span of both wild type and a mitochondrial mutant, suggesting that the activation of detoxification pathways is deleterious to health when the mitochondrial dysfunction is caused by mutation that cannot be cytochrome p450-detoxified. Thus, <i>arip-4</i> acts in a pathway that couples mitochondrial surveillance to the activation of downstream immunity, detoxification, and RNAi responses.
Single chip CMUT arrays with integrated CMOS electronics: Fabrication process development and experimental results (2008)

One of the most important promises of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology is integration with electronics. This approach maximizes transducer sensitivity by minimizing parasitic capacitances and ultimately improves the signal to noise ratio. Additionally, due to physical size limitations required for catheter based imaging devices, optimization of area occurs when the CMUTs are fabricated directly above the associated electronics. Here, we describe successful fabrication of CMUTs on custom designed CMOS electronics from a commercial IC foundry. This is achieved by modifying a low temperature micromachining process by adding one additional mask and developing a sloped wall dry etching step on isolation oxide layer for metal interconnect. Experiments show that both the CMUT and the integrated CMOS electronics are functional, resulting combination generating pulse-echo response suitable for ultrasound imaging.
Relation between Myocardial Blood Flow and the Severity of Coronary-Artery Stenosis (1994)

In humans, basal myocardial blood flow remains constant regardless of the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. However, during hyperemia, flow progressively decreases when the degree of stenosis is about 40 percent or more and does not differ significantly from basal flow when stenosis is 80 percent or greater.
Combined Use of High-Sensitivity ST2 and NTproBNP to Improve the Prediction of Death in Heart Failure (2011)

Our data suggest that in a real-life cohort of HF patients, the addition of ST2 and NTproBNP substantially improves the risk stratification for death beyond that of a model that is based only on established mortality risk factors.
Remote continuous cardiac arrhythmias detection and monitoring. (2004)

The current techniques used to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias such as Holter, Rtest and telemetry systems are partially efficient because they are limited either in time or in space. In this paper, a platform dedicated to the real-time remote continuous cardiac arrhythmias detection and monitoring is proposed. Such a platform allows to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the diagnostic of ventricular tachycardia among the high-risk patients and enables the implantation of ICD to prevent sudden death. The new method allows the patient to lead a normal life while being remotely monitored in real-time by an ambulatory wireless ECG sensor. When a cardiac arrhythmia is detected a message including a sequence of ECG signals and the patient's images (indoors only) is sent to a remote surveillance server. According to the gravity of the symptom, the cardiologist can intervene in real time or later. The system has been evaluated on some ten patients with regard to heartbeat and cardiac rhythm disturbance. The real-time results are similar to those offered by HP telemetry systems.
New One-Trip Sand-Control Completion System That Eliminates Formation Damage Resulting From Conventional Perforating and Gravel-Packing Operations (2005)

Proposal Maximizing inflow performance for any completion involves balancing the natural forces of the reservoir with the operational limitations of the well or field. In the case of soft or unconsolidated sand, completion procedures often dictate equipment or procedures that can potentially limit the inflow area by way of various forms of formation damage. There are three major operations that induce formation damage: the filter cake and fluid loss damage associated with drilling; the skin increase due to compaction and debris associated with perforating; and, the skin added to the completion by the gravel or frac pack. While there are treatments that can remove or reduce the effects of damage, all of them involve subsequent intervention into the well, which elevates risk as well as increases rig time. This paper discusses a recently developed one-trip completion system that has been successfully used to eliminate or reduce these causes of formation damage and improve inflow area and performance. This new system provides a means of deploying a production liner, perforating, primary cementing, removing filter cake, and controlling sand production in a single trip. The one trip system is especially beneficial in wells needing sand control. The procedure utilizes a telescoping conduit that can be expanded hydraulically, mechanically, or both, to seal onto the formation face, and then cemented into place. The sand control media is inside the telescoping conduit in the form of appropriately sized stainless steel beads. The damage typically associated with the perforating phase is eliminated because there is no explosive discharge during the deployment of the system, and the well is brought on production normally. Studies have shown that decreasing initial perforation damage results in a more productive well over its lifetime. This new completion method also eliminates gravel packing, minimizes the amount of intervention into the well completion, and saves substantial rig time due to its one trip operation. Additionally, the authors will illustrate how the new completion simplifies operational logistics, especially in remote or offshore environments, because it is not dependent on large fluid pumping treatments nor does it require excessive pumping horsepower.