gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of carbon ion beam and gemcitabine causes irreparable DNA damage and death of radioresistant pancreatic cancer stem-like cellsin vitroandin vivo (2015)

We try to elucidate whether a carbon ion beam alone or in combination with gemcitabine has advantages over X-ray in targeting putative pancreatic cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Colony, spheroid formation and tumorigenicity assays confirmed that CD44+/ESA+ cells sorted from PANC1 and PK45 cells have more CSC properties than CD44-/ESA- cells. The number of colonies and spheroids formed from CSCs after carbon ion beam irradiation was significantly reduced compared to after X-ray irradiation, and they were extremely highly suppressed when carbon ion beam combined with gemcitabine. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for the carbon ion beam relative to X-ray at the D10 levels for CSCs were 2.23-2.66. Expressions of multiple cell death-related genes were remarkably highly induced, and large numbers of γH2AX foci in CSCs were formed after carbon ion beam combined with gemcitabine. The highly expressed CSC markers were significantly inhibited after 30 Gy of carbon ion beam and almost lost after 25 Gy carbon ion beam combined with 50 mg/kg gemcitabine. In conclusion, a carbon ion beam combined with gemcitabine has superior potential to kill pancreatic CSCs via irreparable clustered DSB compared to a carbon ion alone or X-rays combined with gemcitabine.
Percorsi di chi si rivolge ad Alcologia (2009)

UNA RICERCA SUI CONSUMI DI ALCOLICI, IN TERMINI DI COMPORTAMENTO E PERCEZIONE, EFFETTUATA SU DUE CAMPIONI DI SOGGETTI: UNO DI SOGGETTI SEGNALATI AL SERT DELLA PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI TRENTO A CAUSA DEL FERMO PATENTE, L'ALTRO RELATIVO A CHI SI RIVOLGE SPONTANEAMENTE AL SERVIZIO DI ALCOLOGIA PER PROBLEMATICHE DI DIPENDENZA ALL'ALCOL. DALLA COMPARAZIONE E ANALISI SCATURISCE LA RIFLESSIONE OGGETTO DEL CONTRIBUTO IN OGGETTO, DEDICATO AD APPROFONDIRE IL DISTINGUO LABILE TRA FENOMENO DI ALCOLIZZAZIONE E ALCOLISMO
Site-specific propagation prediction for wireless in-building personal communication system design (1994)

The paper describes a geometrical optics based model to predict propagation within buildings for personal communication system (PCS) design. A ray tracing model for predicting propagation based on a building blueprint representation is presented for a transmitter and receiver located on the same floor inside a building. Measured and predicted propagation data are presented as power delay profiles that contain the amplitude and arrival time of individual multipath components. Measured and predicted power delay profiles are compared on a location-by-location basis to provide both a qualitative and a quantitative measure of the model accuracy. The concept of effective building material properties is developed, and the effective building material properties are derived for two dissimilar buildings based upon comparison of measured and predicted power delay profiles. Time delay comparison shows that the amplitudes of many significant multipath components are accurately predicted by this model. Path loss between a transmitter and receiver is predicted with a standard deviation of less than 5 dB over 45 locations in two different buildings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Tour Through Cedar (1985)

This paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sup> introduces the reader to many of the salient features of the Cedar programming environment, a state-of-the-art progrmming system that combines in a single integrated environment: high quality graphics, a sophisticated editor and document preparation facility, and a variety of tools for the programmer to use in the construction and debugging of his programs. The Cedar programming language [8] is a strongly typed, compiler-oriented language of the Pascal family. What is especially interesting about the Cedar project is that it is one of the few examples where an interactive, experimental programming environment has been built for this kind of language. In the past, such environments have been confined to dynamically typed languages like Lisp and Smalltalk.
Importance of amino acids on vasopressin-stimulated water flow. (1985)

The presence of several naturally occurring amino acids in the serosal bath of toad urinary bladder significantly alters the hydrosmotic response of this tissue to vasopressin. We found that histidine, glutamate, and lysine increase vasopressin-stimulated water flow by 75%, 60%, and 43%, respectively. In contrast, alanine did not alter vasopressin-stimulated water flow, whereas glutamine decreased it by 25%. The effect of each amino acid represents intracellular events because their effects on theophylline-stimulated water flow were similar to those found with vasopressin. However, the site of action of amino acids varied, with some operating at steps before and others at steps after cyclic AMP generation. The fact that the metabolically inactive D-histidine and D-glutamate are as effective as their metabolically active L-counterparts suggests that the action of amino acids depends upon some physicochemical properties of their molecules. The ability of amino acids to influence the hydrosmotic effects of vasopressin was shown to be independent of prostaglandin generation, ionic composition, and molecular charge. In the case of histidine, we were able to obtain some understanding of the mechanism responsible for its action. We first showed that the effect of histidine does not depend upon its metabolism. In addition to D-histidine being as effective as the metabolically active L-histidine, we also showed that histidine is effective when its metabolism is abolished by low ambient temperature and also when its incorporation into proteins was prevented by cycloheximide. These findings suggest that histidine operates through some physicochemical property localized on its molecule. We were able to show that this property resides on the imidazole part of histidine. Imidazole, similar to histidine, increases vasopressin-stimulated water flow. Methylation of histidine on the imidazole ring completely abolished its effectiveness in increasing vasopressin-stimulated water flow. In contrast, methylation of histidine at the side chain increased vasopressin action similar to that found for histidine. We provide evidence that the physicochemical property of the imidazole ring of histidine is that of chelating Zn++ intracellularly, and that the intracellular site of action of histidine is closely linked to microtubules formation and/or action.
Selective Utilization of Serum Vitamin A for Visual Pigment Synthesis (1989)

Two groups of goldfish (Carassius auratus) were subjected to light and temperature conditions known to promote a contrast in their scotopic visual pigment compositions. After 3 weeks, the porphyropsin/rhodopsin ratio in the neuroretina of these goldfish ranged from 99% porphyropsin in one group to 59% in the other. Samples of blood, liver and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were also removed from these animals and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for vitamin A composition. There was consistently more vitamin A2 than vitamin A1 (over 50% vitamin A2) in both vitamin A alcohol and vitamin A esters extracted from the liver and the RPE. In contrast, only 30% of all vitamin A extracted from the blood was vitamin A2. These observations suggest that it is mainly vitamin A1 that is transported in the blood, whereas vitamin A2 is selectively retained in the liver and in the RPE and used to form porphyropsin in the eye.
Synthesising graphics card programs from DSLs (2012)

Over the last five years, graphics cards have become a tempting target for scientific computing, thanks to unrivaled peak performance, often producing a runtime speed-up of x10 to x25 over comparable CPU solutions.
Li(MnxFe1−x)PO4/C (x = 0.5, 0.75 and 1) nanoplates for lithium storage application (2011)

A simple solvothermal method was used to synthesize nanoplates of LiMnPO4 (LMP) with a thickness of ∼60 to 80 nm. The LMP nanoplates were well characterized by PXRD, SEM and HRTEM techniques. The reaction conditions for the solvothermal method were found to be crucial to control the morphology of LMP. Carbon, silver, gold and copper have been coated on the surfaces of LMP nanoplates to improve the electronic conductivity. Despite such coating, the electrochemical activity of such metal-decorated LMP nanoplates was found to be minimal due to discontinuous wiring limiting the electronic conduction. Therefore, the Mn2+ in the nanoplates was partially substituted by the Fe2+ ion to obtain the following composition [LiMnxFe1−xPO4 (x = 0.5 and 0.75)]. These solid solutions showed excellent storage performance compared to pure LMP. Especially LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C nanoplates exhibited a reversible capacity of 153, 121, 91 and 31 mA h g−1 at 0.02, 0.1, 5 and 18 C respectively. In addition, LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C also demonstrated a stable long term cycling capacity of 103 mA h g−1 at a 2 C rate up to 1000 cycles.
Thermal expansion of mantle and core materials at very high pressures (1993)

The thermal expansivities (α) of MgO and high-pressure phases of CaO, CaMgSi_2O_6, and Fe at ultrahigh pressure are obtained by comparing existing shock compression and temperature measurements to 300 K compression curves constructed from ultrasonic elasticity and static compression data. For MgO, α can be represented by: α = ρ_oγ_oC_V(ρ_o/ρ)^(0.5±0.5)/K_T where γ is the Gruneisen parameter, C_V is the constant volume specific heat, K_T is the isothermal bulk modulus, and ρ is the density. Using this expression, the thermal expansivity of MgO is 28-32×10^(−6)K^(−1) at the pressure of the top of the lower mantle and 10-16×10^(−6)K^(−1) at its base (at 2000 K). New data for α of e-Fe, together with an inner core temperature of 6750 K, constrain the density of the inner core to be 5±2% less than the density of e-Fe, implying the inner core contains a light element.
A Proteomic Approach for Investigating Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix Digestion During Human Islet Isolation (2012)

Objectives: Donor variables influence the protein structure of the periislet extracellular matrix (ECM) and result in large variability in enzymic digestion of ECM between different donor pancreases. However, there have been no previous detailed investigations into the progression of matrix degradation and peptide release during human pancreas digestion. We have developed proteomic methods to assess the progression of pancreatic ECM digestion with a view to understanding how donor variables impact on isolation outcomes and how ECM degradation may impact on subsequent engraftment. Methods: Samples of pancreatic tissue (taken with appropriate consent and ethical approval) were treated with Serva Collagenase NB1 + Neutral Protease or HBSS (control). The extracted proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis and excised gel sections underwent tryptic treatment. Peptide fragments were separated by HPLC and identified by tandem mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis. Specific ECM proteins identified were verified by Western blotting (n=3). Results: Proteomic analysis identified nearly 400 proteins released during digestion, which included different collagens, laminins, proteoglycans and pancreatic digestive enzymes. Analysis of digested ECM proteins suggested regions sensitive to enzymic digestion and how digestion proceeded. Collagen VI peptide chains may be digested from the N-termini, potentially in an “inchworm” fashion, in contrast with laminin, the peptide chains of which may be digested from the C-termini. Conclusions: A proteomic approach allows for a high throughput, detailed analysis of the progression of pancreatic ECM digestion. Furthermore potential specific enzyme sensitive regions of key ECM proteins were identified, which may have implications for engraftment. These techniques may also allow us to determine how donor factors influence isolation outcomes.
All-optical fiber filter based on an FBG inscribed in a silica/silicone composite fiber (2020)

An all-optical tunable filter based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in a self-heated silica/silicone composite fiber is demonstrated. A thin silicone film is coated inside the suspended core fiber), which acts as the silicone cladding. A periodic refractive index modulation is inscribed in the silicone cladding by UV irradiation. Silicone is an organic material whose optical properties are different than silica, which leads to interesting applications. The high thermo-optic properties are studied and applied here. A 1550 nm pump laser is utilized to heat the silicone grating where a wavelength shift is observed for the gratings when subjected to different pump powers. Experimental results indicate a wavelength tuning coefficient of -0.128<i>n</i><i>m</i>/<i>m</i><i>W</i> with a response time of 0.5 s to obtain a wavelength shift of 1 nm under periodic pump light. The new design of this miniature all-optical filter is cost-effective and can potentially be adhered in optical fiber sensing and communication systems.
AN ANALYSIS ON INSTANTANEOUS STABILITY OF AN ASSOCIATIVE CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK (1999)

We analyze instantaneous stability of a chaotic neural network which shows nonperiodic associative dynamics. The network is composed of discrete-time neuron models of which individuals show chaotic dynamics with certain parameter values. The synaptic weights of the network are determined by an auto-associative matrix so that four binary patterns are stored as a basal memory of the network. It has been reported that the network retrieves stored patterns nonperiodically. However, the dynamical property of the network in each discrete-time step has not been clarified. In this paper, instantaneous stability of the network during the nonperiodic memory retrieval is analyzed by calculating eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. From the analysis, it is found that in every instance when the network retrieves stored patterns, all the eigenvalues are always less than unity. This implies that such states of the memory retrieval cannot be a target of the OGY-like chaos control methods.
Modelling non-linearities in a MEMS square wave oscillator (2012)

The modelling of the non-linear behaviour of MEMS oscillators is of interest to understand the effects of non-linearities on start-up, limit cycle behaviour and performance metrics such as output frequency and phase noise. This paper proposes an approach to integrate the non-linear modelling of the resonator, transducer and sustaining amplifier in a single numerical modelling environment so that their combined effects may be investigated simultaneously. The paper validates the proposed electrical model of the resonator through open-loop frequency response measurements on an electrically addressed flexural silicon MEMS resonator driven to large motional amplitudes. A square wave oscillator is constructed by embedding the same resonator as the primary frequency determining element. Measurements of output power and output frequency of the square wave oscillator as a function of resonator bias and driving voltage are consistent with model predictions ensuring that the model captures the essential non-linear behaviour of the resonator and the sustaining amplifier in a single mathematical equation.
P11.08 Defining EGFR amplification status for clinical trial inclusion (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Precision medicine trials targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma patients require selection for EGFR-amplified tumors. However, there is currently no golden standard in determining the amplification status of EGFR or EGFRvIII expression. Here, we aimed to determine which technique and which cut-offs are suitable to determine EGFR amplification status. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) and RT-qPCR data from patients screened for trial inclusion into the Intellance 2 clinical trial, with data from a panel-based next generation sequencing (NGS) platform (both DNA and RNA). RESULTS By using data from &gt;1000 samples, we show which cut-offs are optimal to determine EGFR gene amplification by FISH. Our data also show that gene amplification (as determined by FISH) correlates with EGFR expression levels (as determined by RT-qPCR) with ROC analysis showing an under the curve area of up to 0.902. EGFR expression as assessed by RT-qPCR therefore may function as a surrogate marker for EGFR amplification. Our NGS data shows that EGFR copy numbers can strongly vary between tumors with levels ranging from 2 to more than 100 copies per cell. Levels exceeding 5 gene copies can be used to define EGFR-amplification by NGS; below this level FISH detects very few (if any) EGFR amplified nuclei and none of the samples express EGFRvIII. CONCLUSION Our data from central laboratories and diagnostic sequencing facilities, using material from patients eligible for clinical trial inclusion, help defining the optimal cut-off for various techniques to determine EGFR amplification for diagnostic purposes.
Color center laser spectroscopy of vibrationally excited C2H (1987)

Infrared transitions involving vibrationally excited C2H radicals produced by excimer laser (193 nm) flash photolysis of acetylene were observed in transient absorption by color center laser probing. Three bands with origins at 3702, 3562, and 3320 cm−1 were found, assigned, and analyzed. All three bands are of 2∑–2∑ symmetry with the lower state of each transition the vibrationally excited (0,0,1) level of the ground electronic state. The frequencies and fitted spectroscopic constants for the three bands are reported. Possible vibronic assignments of the upper states are discussed.
Functions of HKT transporters in sodium transport in roots and in protecting leaves from salinity stress (2008)

Excessive sodium (Na+) accumulation in plants due to soil salinity is toxic to most higher plants including crop plants. Many genes encoding Na+ permeable transporters/channels have been identified for the last 15 years, based on genetic approaches, genome-sequencing projects and functional complementation screening using yeast mutants. The HKT-type transporter/channel class is one of the best characterized Na+ permeable membrane proteins in plants. Interestingly, most Na+ permeable proteins including HKT-type transporters/channels in plants were shown or deduced to play a protective role against salinity stress. A Na+ selective transporter/channel in rice (Oryza sativa), OsHKT2;1, however, has recently been proven to function in “nutritional Na+ absorption” in K+-starved roots rather than functioning in a protective role under salinity stress. Here we review findings on the HKT-type transporters/channels, mainly focusing on the function of OsHKT2;1 that is tightly regulated by K+/Na+ homeostatic mechanisms of rice plants. We also discuss functions of Arabidopsis thaliana AtHKT1;1 and rice OsHKT1;5 in protecting plant leaves from over-accumulating toxic Na+ concentrations during salinity stress by removing Na+ from the xylem sap.
The gut microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: from current human evidence to future possibilities (2017)

The totality of microbial genomes in the gut exceeds the size of the human genome, having around 500-fold more genes that importantly complement our coding potential. Microbial genes are essential for key metabolic processes, such as the breakdown of indigestible dietary fibres to short-chain fatty acids, biosynthesis of amino acids and vitamins, and production of neurotransmitters and hormones. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated to support a role for gut microbiota (analysed from faecal samples) in glycaemic control and type 2 diabetes. Mechanistic studies in mice support a causal role for gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, although human data favouring causality is insufficient. As it may be challenging to sort the human evidence from the large number of animal studies in the field, there is a need to provide a review of human studies. Thus, the aim of this review is to cover the current and future possibilities and challenges of using the gut microbiota, with its capacity to be modified, in the development of preventive and treatment strategies for hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in humans. We discuss what is known about the composition and functionality of human gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes and summarise recent evidence of current treatment strategies that involve, or are based on, modification of gut microbiota (diet, probiotics, metformin and bariatric surgery). We go on to review some potential future gut-based glucose-lowering approaches involving microbiota, including the development of personalised nutrition and probiotic approaches, identification of therapeutic components of probiotics, targeted delivery of propionate in the proximal colon, targeted delivery of metformin in the lower gut, faecal microbiota transplantation, and the incorporation of genetically modified bacteria that express therapeutic factors into microbiota. Finally, future avenues and challenges for understanding the interplay between human nutrition, genetics and microbial genetics, and the need for integration of human multi-omic data (such as genetics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics) with microbiome data (such as strain-level variation, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) to make personalised treatments a successful future reality are discussed.
Transfer Ionization in Slow Multiply Charged Ion-Atom Collisions (1983)

Transfer ionization, or exothermic capture ionization, is found to be an important reaction mechanism is slow multiply charged ion-atom collisions: more electrons are released from the target in creating a recoil ion than are found to be captured by the projectile when viewed long after the collision. These collisions generally depend upon the internal potential energy of the collision system rather than on the projectile kinetic energy.
Capturing Pluripotency and Beyond (2021)

During the development of a multicellular organism, the specification of different cell lineages originates in a small group of pluripotent cells, the epiblasts, formed in the preimplantation embryo. The pluripotent epiblast is protected from premature differentiation until exposure to inductive cues in strictly controlled spatially and temporally organized patterns guiding fetus formation. Epiblasts cultured in vitro are embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which recapitulate the self-renewal and lineage specification properties of their endogenous counterparts. The characteristics of totipotency, although less understood than pluripotency, are becoming clearer. Recent studies have shown that a minor ESC subpopulation exhibits expanded developmental potential beyond pluripotency, displaying a characteristic reminiscent of two-cell embryo blastomeres (2CLCs). In addition, reprogramming both mouse and human ESCs in defined media can produce expanded/extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) similar to but different from 2CLCs. Further, the molecular roadmaps driving the transition of various potency states have been clarified. These recent key findings will allow us to understand eutherian mammalian development by comparing the underlying differences between potency network components during development. Using the mouse as a paradigm and recent progress in human PSCs, we review the epiblast's identity acquisition during embryogenesis and their ESC counterparts regarding their pluripotent fates and beyond.