gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of tissue factor isoforms in cancer biology (2014)

Tissue Factor (TF) is an evolutionary conserved glycoprotein, which is of immense importance for a variety of biologic processes. TF is expressed in two naturally occurring protein isoforms, membrane-bound "full-length" (fl)TF and soluble alternatively spliced (as)TF. The TF isoform expression is differentially modulated on post-transcriptional level via regulatory factors, such as serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, SR protein kinases and micro (mi)RNAs. Both isoforms mediate a variety of physiologic- and pathophysiologic-relevant functions, such as thrombogenicity, angiogenesis, cell signaling, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will depict the main mechanisms regulating the TF isoform expression in cancer and under other pathophysiologic-relevant conditions. Moreover, we will summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding the role of TF and its isoforms in cancer biology.
Low-Complexity LMMSE–SIC Turbo Receiver for Continuous Phase Modulation, Based on a Multiaccess–Multipath Analogy (2020)

Low-complexity iterative reception of Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) is addressed using Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error (LMMSE) filtering empowered by Soft Interference Cancellation (SIC). The transmitter emits a convolutionally encoded, true CPM signal with a constant envelope. The receiver exploits Laurent-Mengali-Morelli's (LMM) decomposition to reduce the detection complexity, where the transmitted true CPM signal is approximated as a superposition of a small number of parallel Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) and phase-encoded terms. Pulses and phase-encoded pseudo-symbols arising from the LMM decomposition are treated, respectively, as parallel Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) channels and Multiple Access Interference (MAI) components. Hence the transmitted signal is regarded to inherently contain controlled ISI and MAI, which are equalized for at the receiver front-end using LMMSE-SIC filters. The receiver back-end comprises a serially concatenated turbo scheme encompassing a Soft Input-Soft Output (SISO) CPM detector and a SISO channel decoder. Simulations conducted on various CPM schemes show that the proposed receiver provides significant complexity reduction for a small performance penalty. Consequently, CPM waveforms with long pulses, which have traditionally been deemed infeasible due to the prohibitive complexity, can now be implemented employing the proposed receiver. Hence substantial spectral side-lobe compaction offered by long CPM pulses can be harnessed.
On the development of an unmanned underwater robotic crawler for operation on subsea flexible risers (2010)

Flexible risers are used for supplying oil from the deep sea to the offshore platforms and FPSOs. This paper presents the design and development of an unmanned robotic crawler for operation on subsea flexible risers. The goal is to provide the oil industry a tool for carrying equipment on flexible risers. The robot has been developed to crawl on the external surface of flexible risers. It moves along and around the riser using an inch-worm type motion. Novel under-actuated end effectors have been conceived and developed to hold the robot on the riser, without permanent influence to the flexible riser surface and geometry. In principle, the current design with modification could operate up to 2000m sea depth. In this paper, customization of the robot operation principles to carry and deploy digital radiographic equipment for the volumetric inspection of flexible risers is described in detail. Currently, there exists no equipment that can perform reliable non-destructive inspection of subsea flexible risers. Robot performance has been experimentally validated and these results are presented here for the first time. The resulting crawling performance has been proved to be independent of its environment.
Novel 4-Aminoquinolines Active against Chloroquine-Resistant and Sensitive P. falciparum Strains that also Inhibit Botulinum Serotype A (2008)

We report on the initial result of the coupling of 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline with steroidal and adamantane constituents to provide small molecules with excellent in vitro antimalarial activities (IC90 (W2) down to 6.74 nM). The same entities also inhibit the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain metalloprotease at low micromolar levels (7-31 microM). Interestingly, structural features imparting increased antimalarial activity also provide increased metalloprotease inhibition, thus allowing for simultaneous compound optimizations against distinct targets.
Development of a Flow Immunoassay System for the Detection of

Salmonella Typhimurium (1990)

Abstract A flow immunoassay system has been developed for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium by immobilization of antibody to Salmonella onto tygon tubing by adsorption and onto polyethylene tubing, by covalent binding. After liquid containing Salmonella cells or Salmonella antigen was allowed to interact with the immobilized. antibody, glucose oxidase labeled antibody to Salmonella was injected to the system. The bound antigen was quantified by electrochemical detection of H2O2 produced from the enzymic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. In view of the low non-specific binding, sensitivity and reusability, the polyethylene immunoreactor provided a better performance. The system was capable of detecting as low as 105 − 106 Salmonella cells/ml in less than 10 minutes. The immunoreactor could be regenerated for at least 50 times during one month of the experiment. The detection limit of the tygon immunoreactor was somewhat higher (106 − 109 cells/ml). Even though the anti-Salmonella antibody was easily immobilized on the tygon tubing, the system was not reusabl and exhibited a very high non-specific binding.
Space Travel and Early Childhood Gut Microbiome: Is Space Dirty Enough to Raise a Child? (2022)

The changes in the host-microbiome relationship are likely unpredictable over longer and longer periods in space, such that different crews from different nations may experience differing host-microbiome problems.
Optical Investigations of the Abnormal Combustion in a Boosted Spark-ignition PFI Engine (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The flame front propagation in normal and abnormal combustion was investigated. Cycle-resolved flame emission imaging was applied in the combustion chamber of a port fuel injection boosted spark ignition engine. The engine was fuelled with a mixture of 90% iso-octane and 10% n-heptane by volume (PRF90). The effect of fuel injection phasing was studied. The combustion process was followed from the flame kernel formation until the opening of the exhaust valves. Different phenomena correlated to the abnormal combustion were analysed. Detailed information on ignition surfaces, end-gas auto-ignitions and knock were obtained. The appearance of autoignition centres in the end gas was evaluated in terms of timing, location and frequency of occurrence.&lt;/div&gt;
On Periodic Properties of Interpolation and Their Application To Image Authentication (2007)

In our society digital images are a powerful and widely used communication medium. They have an important impact on our life. In recent years, due to the advent of high-performance consumer hardware and improved human computer interfaces, it has become relatively easy to create fake images. Typically, to create high quality and consistent forgeries, several types of tampering techniques are employed simultaneously. One of the most often used techniques is resampling (especially when two or more images are spliced together). Generally, resampling is based on an interpolation procedure. Typically, this procedure brings into the signal specific statistical changes. In this work we analyze and analytically describe specific periodic properties presence in interpolated signals and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose an efficient and blind method to automatically detect the traces of geometric transformations in images and their portions. The results of the proposed method are demonstrated on several examples.
Frequency dependence of Bloch impedance in left-handed transmission line (2007)

In this study, the frequency dependence of Bloch impedance in a left-handed transmission line (LH-TL) is investigated using the F-matrix formulation and Bloch-Floquet theorem. The artificial LH-TL formed by periodic lumped elements is described and then the F-matrix and Bloch impedance are formulated according to this description. The numerical results are provided to understand the behaviour of Bloch impedance in LH-TL. Although LH materials have been extensively analyzed in literature, there is no work which directly relates to Bloch impedance of LH-TL. The analysis is structured in two main steps; firstly the concept of artificial LH-TL formed from composite periodic structure is presented. Then, F (ABCD)-matrix parameters for the unit-cell of artificial LH-TL are derived. The formulation of the frequency dependence of Bloch impedance is determined using F-matrix with the Bloch-Floquet theorem and the constructed model. The numerical investigation for the frequency dependence of Bloch impedance in a LH-TL is considered for the application of the theoretical formulation. It is seen that numerical results support the theoretical formulation found which is successfully applied to calculate the frequency responses of Bloch impedance. By using these results the behaviour of Bloch impedance on LH-TL can easily be investigated and the cut-off frequency and the stop band region are observed. The effect of the unit cell numbers to the cot-off and stop band region is also analysed. The theoretical and numerical results obtained here can easily be extended for further studies especially for periodic structures. (5 pages)
Epidermal changes associated with symptomatic resolution of dandruff: biomarkers of scalp health (2010)

The combination of biomarkers examined appears to be a good overall descriptor of the health of the scalp in dandruff, and changes in these biomarkers track with tissue-level events that underlie clinical efficacy in the treatment of dandruff by ZPT shampoo. For the first time, we demonstrate a set of tools that extend beyond flaking scores to provide insight into specific biological changes occurring on the scalp to enable an objective assessment of scalp health.
Upgrading of the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by combining temperature-phased anaerobic digestion and intermediate ozonation (2009)

Upgrading of the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) by the combination of temperature-phased two-stage digestion and intermediate ozonation was investigated by a continuous experiment with two processes, TM and TOM. The TM process is a temperature-phased two-stage system, which consists of a thermophilic digester and a mesophilic digester in series. The TOM process is a temperature-phased two-stage process with the intermediate ozonation. Two processes were operated at hydraulic retention times of 30 days for over 123 days. Waste activated sludge taken from wastewater treatment plant was fed as a substrate. Microbial community structure in each digester was analysed with molecular tools. Despite of less amount of ozone dose in TOM than ozone pre-treatment process, better effect of ozonation on performance improvement was obtained in TOM. TOM had the highest methane yield and COD(Cr) reduction among comparative processes. Furthermore, flocculation efficiency of TOM followed that of mesophilic digestion. Quality of dewatered supernatant is comparable to mesophilic digestion.
Comparison between CHIL simulation and hardware test of a Dynamic Power Flow Controller (2017)

The paper presents a real-time (RT) model implementation of a power flow controller device called Dynamic Power Flow Controller (DPFC). The RT model is developed in a RT simulator (RTS) from OPAL-RT Technologies Inc. and designed with reference to a hardware DPFC model developed at the Institute of Energy Systems, Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics (ie <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), TU Dortmund University, Germany. The DPFC model is used in an exemplary network configuration model in order to test a hardware controller for the DPFC by means of Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) simulation. Two different scenarios are considered for the CHIL simulation in order to verify the behavior of the controller in two different operation conditions. Similar operating conditions are replicated by using the scaled DPFC hardware model connected in an analog hardware network model. The comparison between the CHIL simulation data and the results of the experimental test is here proposed as a verification method for the controller.
Cost-effective large-area Ag nanotube arrays for SERS detections: effects of nanotube geometry (2021)

This study demonstrated highly-ordered metallic nanotube arrays (MeNTAs) with a precisely controlled geometric shape to promote surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Using both simulation and experimental methods, we designed and fabricated MeNTAs with nanotube geometries that possess a large surface area to absorb probe molecules as well as geometric features capable of inducing hot spots for SERS enhancement. The proposed top-down wafer-scale lithographic and sputter-deposition process is a simple and cost-effective approach to the fabrication of 1 mm × 1 mm MeNTA at room temperature. Simulation results of nanotubes with various materials (Au, Ag, and Cu), diameters (100-1500 nm), geometric shapes (circle, equilateral triangle and square) and triangle corner curvatures (ranging from 0 to 300 nm) identified Ag triangles with sharp tips as the geometry best suited to SERS enhancement. The SERS spectra of crystal violet molecules generated from the Ag MeNTAs verified the patterns observed in computational simulations, wherein the effects of MeNTA on SERS decreased with an increase in the size of the nanotubes. Enhancement factor of 1.06 × 10<sup>9</sup>was obtained from our triangular Ag MeNTA, confirming its efficacy as an ultrahigh sensitivity SERS-active substrate.
Comparison of Ca2+, Sr2+, and Mn2+ fluxes in mitochondria of the perfused rat heart. (1980)

The amount of readily exchangeable Ca2+ in mitochondria of an isolated working rat heart is less than 10 ng-ions/g heart. We therefore conclude that either no Ca2+ enters mitochondria or that the Ca+ which does enter is removed continuously. Using Sr2+ and Mn2+, we obtained evidence that the mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was indeed operational in releasing metal from mitochondria of the heart. When Ca2+ in the perfusate was replaced by Sr2+, we found that a significant amount of Sr2+ (approximately 100 ng-ions/g heart) entered mitochondria. When the heart then was returned to a Ca2+-containing perfusate, over 80% of the Sr2+ was washed out of mitochondria within 30 seconds. When low levels of Mn2+ were added to the perfusate, we found that Mn2+ accumulated in mitochondria irreversibly. This is evidence for the operation of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger because Na+ was found to release Ca2+ and Sr2+ but not Mn2+ from isolated rat heart mitochondria. Our estimates indicate that when the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is maximally operative, as in the Sr2+-perfused heart, the flux of Sr2+ through mitochondria is at most 10% of the total flux needed for the activation of contraction. The low level of Ca2+ in the mitochondria of Ca2+-perfused hearts suggests a much smaller flux of Ca2+ through the mitochondria in this case. We therefore conclude that mitochondria play little if any role in the beat-to-beat regulation of normal Ca2+ fluxes in the rat heart.
Construction of a Metallofullerene La@C82/Artificial Lipid Film-Modified Electrode Device and Its Electron Transfer (2002)

Functional electrode devices modified with cast films of metallofullerene La@C82-A solely and of metallofullerene−artificial lipids were constructed, and the aqueous electrochemistry of the electrodes was investigated. Tridodecylmethylammonium bromide (1), which forms a multimolecular bilayer membrane structure, was used as the artificial lipid. The electron-transfer reactions of the modified electrodes were examined by means of electrochemical techniques. Almost no electrochemistry was observed for the La@C82-A film-coated electrode. In sharp contrast with this result, a La@C82-A/1-coated electrode was found to exhibit well-defined cyclic voltammograms with major cathodic peak potentials at 0.28, −0.69, and −1.0 V (vs SCE), which would correspond to the first, second, and third reduction of La@C82-A, respectively. The observed cyclic voltammograms were stable for potential cycling. The first reduction process was found to be stable for the negative-end potential hold, while the second and third reduction processes were unstable. The higher stability of the first reduction state of La@C82-A would be due to the formation of a closed shell structure like La@C82-A anion in o-dichlobenzene. La@C82 embedded in the lipid film on the electrode was rather stable for dioxygen.
In vivo Dynamics of Stable Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Inversely Correlate with Somatic Hypermutation Levels and Suggest No Major Leukemic Turnover in Bone Marrow (2008)

Although accumulating evidence indicates that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with appreciable cell dynamics, it remains uncertain whether this also applies to patients with stable disease. In this study, (2)H(2)O was administered to a clinically homogeneous cohort of nine stable, untreated CLL patients. CLL dynamics in blood and bone marrow were determined and compared with normal B-cell dynamics in blood from five healthy individuals who underwent a similar (2)H(2)O labeling protocol. Average CLL turnover rates (0.08-0.35% of the clone per day) were approximately 2-fold lower than average B-cell turnover rates from healthy individuals (0.34-0.89%), whereas the rate at which labeled CLL cells in blood disappeared (0.00-0.39% of B cells per day) was approximately 10-fold lower compared with labeled B cells from healthy individuals (1.57-4.24% per day). Leukemic cell turnover variables inversely correlated with the level of somatic hypermutation of the CLL clone (IgVH mutations). Although CLL cells in bone marrow had a higher level of label enrichment than CLL cells in blood, no difference between proliferation rates and proapoptotic and antiapoptotic profiles of CLL cells from these compartments was observed. These data suggest that, in stable disease, there is a biological relationship between the degree of somatic hypermutation of the CLL clone and its dynamics in vivo. Furthermore, in contrast to lymph nodes, the bone marrow does not seem to be a major CLL proliferation site.
Compromise of Endogenous Neuropeptide W Production Abrogates the Dipsogenic and Pressor Effects of Angiotensin II in Adult Male Rats (2013)

Neuropeptide W (NPW), an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor GPR7, is produced in neurones in the rat hypothalamus and brain stem known to be important in the control of food intake and the neuroendocrine response to stress. In previous studies, central administration of NPW during the light phase increased food and water intake and elevated prolactin and corticosterone levels in conscious, unrestrained male rats. In the present study, central administration of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced NPW levels in the hypothalamus and resulted in a failure of angiotensin II to stimulate water drinking or increase mean arterial pressure. In addition, siRNA-treated animals failed to mount a significant prolactin response to immobilisation stress, at the same time as maintaining a normal corticosterone response. These results suggest that endogenous NPW may be a physiologically relevant, downstream mediator of the central actions of angiotensin II to stimulate thirst and increase arterial pressure. In addition, NPW-producing neurones appear to participate in the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling prolactin (but not corticosterone) secretion.
Laser speckle reduction based on angular diversity induced by Piezoelectric Benders (2013)

Speckle reduction techniques have been investigated in display systems with coherent light sources. We propose a simple but efficient method to reduce speckle via two fast vibrating piezoelectric benders. The concept is modulating laser beams to have angle diversity and reducing speckle by temporal averaging in the integration time of the detector. Experiments demonstrate that the speckle contrast is suppressed down to 0.06. Both free space and imaging geometry are considered. In order to fairly evaluate the speckle reduction, the optical configuration as well as the camera settings, which largely affect the speckle contrast, is discussed.
Millions of Small Pressure Cycles Drive Damage in Cracked Solar Cells (2022)

We applied time-varying air pressure to a PV module containing newly cracked cells. The test used a new dynamic mechanical acceleration (DMX) apparatus. We applied pressure cycles similar to natural, wind-driven cycles. Compared to standard dynamic mechanical load (DML) tests, we applied much lower pressure (10 Pa to 300 Pa RMS) and many more cycles (one million at each of four pressure levels). We present a case study on a single cell in a commercial module. We monitored electrical continuity loss across cracks using electroluminescence (EL) imaging. 30 Pa pressure cycles caused permanent damage that continued worsening even after tens of thousands of cycles. After one million 30 Pa cycles, a series of 100 Pa cycles still caused new, permanent damage to existing cracks. 300 Pa cycles caused further worsening and introduced new cracks.
Deposition of tungsten by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (1999)

The standard method of depositing tungsten is by LPCVD using SiH 4 -H 2 -WF 6 chemistry at temperatures of >300°C. 'This work has studied the use of PECVD with H 2 -WF 6 for tungsten deposition. It was found that at deposition temperatures below 200°C, the layers are polycrystalline beta phase tungsten, resistivity 50μΩcm, Annealing at 900°C decreases the resistivity to 10μΩcm. The tungsten layers deposited at 200°C and above are of the alpha phase and exhibit an as deposited resistivity of 15μΩcm for 150nm layers. For the layers deposited on titanium at T>300°C the initial deposition is dominated by the reduction of WF 6 by the titanium until a self limiting thickness is produced. This results in titanium fluoride species being incorporated at the titanium-tungsten interface.
Smart nebulizers. (2002)

Physicians are familiar with conventional nebulizers, which deliver aerosols in a relatively uncontrolled manner. As aerosol medications evolve beyond bronchodilators, the need for control of dose variability, the possibility of overdose, and the need for efficient delivery have provoked the industry to redesign aerosol delivery systems. The need to target aerosol delivery to specific lung regions has focused efforts to coordinate aerosol delivery with defined breathing maneuvers. This review summarizes the major factors affecting aerosol deposition, discusses how those factors are guiding new designs for aerosol delivery systems, and describes some examples of the improved precision and efficiency of those systems.