gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rabies virus infection of a flying fox bat, Pteropus policephalus in Chandigarh, Northern India. (1980)

The present communication reports for the first time in South East Asia an active infection of frugivorous flying fox bat (Pteropus poliocephalus) with a virus belonging to the Rhabdo virus group -- a bat virus. Negri body like structures were demonstrated by Seller's stain and direct immunofluorescence in the brain and salivary gland of the dead bat. The virus was isolated after intracerebral inoculation of homogenate of the bat brain, salivary gland or brown fat separately in new born mice.
Structural Characterization of Formaldehyde-Induced Cross-Links Between Amino Acids and Deoxynucleosides and Their Oligomers (2010)

Exposure to formaldehyde results in the formation of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) as a primary genotoxic effect. Although DPCs are biologically important and eight amino acids have been reported to form stable adducts with formaldehyde, the structures of these cross-links have not yet been elucidated. We have characterized formaldehyde-induced cross-links of Lys, Cys, His, and Trp with dG, dA, and dC. dT formed no cross-links, nor did Arg, Gln, Tyr, or Asn. Reaction of formaldehyde with Lys and dG gave the highest yield of cross-linked products, followed by reaction with Cys and dG. Yields from the other coupling reactions were lower by a factor of 10 or more. Detailed structural examination by NMR and mass spectrometry established that the cross-links between amino acids and single nucleosides involve a formaldehyde-derived methylene bridge. Lys yielded two additional products with dG in which the linking structure is a 1,N(2)-fused triazino ring. The Lys cross-linked products were unstable at ambient temperature. Reactions between the reactive N(alpha)-Boc-protected amino acids and the trinucleotides d(T(1)B(2)T(3)) where B(2) is the target base G, A, or C and reactions between dG, dA and dC and 8-mer peptides containing a single reactive target residue at position 5 yielded cross-linked products with structures inferred from high resolution mass spectrometry and fragmentation patterns that are consistent with those between N(alpha)-Boc-protected amino acids and single nucleotides rigorously determined by NMR studies. These structures will provide a basis for investigation of the characteristics and properties of DPCs formed in vivo and will be helpful in identifying biomarkers for the evaluation of formaldehyde exposure both at the site of contact and at distant sites.
Comparative analyses of chromatin landscape in white adipose tissue suggest humans may have less beigeing potential than other primates (2019)

Abstract Humans carry a much larger percentage of body fat than other primates. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in metabolism, little is known about the evolution of white adipose tissue in primates. Phenotypic divergence is often caused by genetic divergence in cis -regulatory regions. We examined the cis -regulatory landscape of fat during human origins by performing comparative analyses of chromatin accessibility in human and chimpanzee adipose tissue using macaque as an outgroup. We find that many cis -regulatory regions that are specifically closed in humans are under positive selection, located near genes involved with lipid metabolism, and contain a short sequence motif involved in the beigeing of fat, the process in which white adipocytes are transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. While the primary role of white adipocytes is to store lipids, beige adipocytes are thermogeneic. The collective closing of many putative regulatory regions associated with beiging of fat suggests an adaptive mechanism that increases body fat in humans.
Computed tomography imaging in myocardial infarction (2011)

Over recent decades, noninvasive imaging has become well established in the diagnostic work-up of patients suffering from myocardial infarction. It provides insights into the individual patient's prognosis and guides therapeutic decisions. MRI has long been considered the standard of reference in the noninvasive imaging of myocardial infarction. Only recently have different multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) techniques successfully been evaluated for the visualization of myocardial infarction. This article describes different concepts of cardiac MDCT imaging in acute and chronic myocardial infarction. MDCT assessment of myocardial edema, myocardial perfusion and delayed myocardial contrast enhancement are introduced, with the latter evolving as key concept of viability imaging by means of MDCT. The current status of MDCT in the diagnostic work-up of myocardial infarction is reviewed.
Comparison of one-year results of photodynamic therapy combined with ranibizumab or aflibercept for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (2020)

PDT combined with either IVR or IVA was well tolerated and appeared to improve both vision and anatomy in patients with PCV. PDT/IVA may have a more pronounced effect on macular choroidal thickness at 1-year follow-up.
Generation and Characterization of Phage‐GnRH Chemical Conjugates for Potential Use in Cat and Dog Immunocontraception (2012)

Overpopulation of cats and dogs is a serious worldwide problem that demands novel, safe and cost-effective solutions. The objective of this study was to generate and characterize phage-peptide conjugates with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for potential use as an immunocontraceptive. A filamentous phage vector f5-8 with wild-type phage coat proteins was used as a carrier for construction of chemical conjugates with GnRH, a peptide that acts as a master reproductive hormone. In such conjugates, the phage body plays the role of a carrier protein, while multiple copies of GnRH peptide stimulate production of neutralizing anti-GnRH antibodies potentially leading to contraceptive effects. To generate the constructs, four different GnRH-based peptides were synthesized and conjugated to phage particles in a two-step procedure: (i) peptides were reacted with phage to form a conjugate using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride chemistry (EDC) and (ii) the conjugates were separated from remaining free peptides by dialysis. Formation and specificity of phage-GnRH conjugates were confirmed by three independent methods: spectrophotometry, electron microscopy and ELISA. When the conjugates were tested for interaction with sera collected from cats and dogs immunized with GnRH-based vaccines in independent studies, strong specific ELISA signals were obtained, suggesting the potential use of the conjugates for cat and dog immunosterilization. The ability of the conjugates to stimulate production of anti-GnRH antibodies in vivo was evaluated in mice. While optimization of dose, immunization route and adjuvant still requires investigation, our preliminary results demonstrated the presence of anti-GnRH antibodies in sera of mice immunized with such conjugates. Fertility trials in cats and dogs will be needed to evaluate contraceptive potentials of the phage-GnRH peptide chemical conjugates.
Molecular Characterization of the Acid-InducibleasrGene ofEscherichia coliand Its Role in Acid Stress Response (2003)

Enterobacteria have developed numerous constitutive and inducible strategies to sense and adapt to an external acidity. These molecular responses require dozens of specific acid shock proteins (ASPs), as shown by genomic and proteomic analysis. Most of the ASPs remain poorly characterized, and their role in the acid response and survival is unknown. We recently identified an Escherichia coli gene, asr (acid shock RNA), encoding a protein of unknown function, which is strongly induced by high environmental acidity (pH < 5.0). We show here that Asr is required for growth at moderate acidity (pH 4.5) as well as for the induction of acid tolerance at moderate acidity, as shown by its ability to survive subsequent transfer to extreme acidity (pH 2.0). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western analysis of acid-shocked E. coli cells harboring a plasmid-borne asr gene demonstrated that the Asr protein is synthesized as a precursor with an apparent molecular mass of 18 kDa. Mutational studies of the asr gene also demonstrated the Asr preprotein contains 102 amino acids. This protein is subjected to an N-terminal cleavage of the signal peptide and a second processing event, yielding 15- and 8-kDa products, respectively. Only the 8-kDa polypeptide was detected in acid-shocked cells containing only the chromosomal copy of the asr gene. N-terminal sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the two processing sites in the Asr protein precursor. Deletion of amino acids encompassing the processing site required for release of the 8-kDa protein resulted in an acid-sensitive phenotype similar to that observed for the asr null mutant, suggesting that the 8-kDa product plays an important role in the adaptation to acid shock. Analysis of Asr:PhoA fusions demonstrated a periplasmic location for the Asr protein after removal of the signal peptide. Homologues of the asr gene from other Enterobacteriaceae were cloned and shown to be induced in E. coli under acid shock conditions.
Hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma # (2009)

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus has been linked epidemiologically to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma for more than 30 years. Although the mechanisms by which chronic hepatitis B viral infection results in hepatocellular carcinoma are unclear, there is good evidence that the virus itself exerts a direct hepatocarcinogenic effect, and this has implications for prevention. First, programs of universal infant vaccination have been shown to be effective in reducing the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma among children. This benefit should be translated into adulthood among vaccine recipients. Second, it has been suggested that antiviral therapy against hepatitis B may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral therapy against hepatitis B is effective in causing prolonged lowering of serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA. There are emerging data showing that prolonged antiviral therapy may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among certain patients with chronic hepatitis B.
ROUTES SOUPLES - MATERIAUX, TECHNIQUES DE CONSTRUCTION, CARACTERISTIQUES DE SURFACE (1989)

Ce sous-theme fait partie du theme 2: construction et entretien des routes, presente au Congres International Routes et Circulation Routiere pour l'an 2000, Berlin, 6-9 septembre 1988. Il comprend les exposes suivants: - bitumes polymeres pour la construction routiere - Enrobes a chaud avec fibres. Leur contribution au confort et a la securite - Deux applications originales de bitumes modifies. (Voir fiche generale DIRR 124203).
Maps for general open quantum systems and a theory of linear quantum error correction (2009)

We show that quantum subdynamics of an open quantum system can always be described by a linear, Hermitian map irrespective of the form of the initial total system state. Since the theory of quantum error correction was developed based on the assumption of completely positive (CP) maps, we present a generalized theory of linear quantum error correction, which applies to any linear map describing the open system evolution. In the physically relevant setting of Hermitian maps, we show that the CP-map-based version of quantum error correction theory applies without modifications. However, we show that a more general scenario is also possible, where the recovery map is Hermitian but not CP. Since non-CP maps have nonpositive matrices in their range, we provide a geometric characterization of the positivity domain of general linear maps. In particular, we show that this domain is convex and that this implies a simple algorithm for finding its boundary.
368. cycloHexane-1 : 3-diones. Part IV. The synthesis of further terphenyl derivatives (1958)

G. R. Ames and W. Davey, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 1794 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580001794
Modular and Distinct Plexin-A4/FARP2/Rac1 Signaling Controls Dendrite Morphogenesis (2020)

Diverse neuronal populations with distinct cellular morphologies coordinate the complex function of the nervous system. Establishment of distinct neuronal morphologies critically depends on signaling pathways that control axonal and dendritic development. The Sema3A-Nrp1/PlxnA4 signaling pathway promotes cortical neuron basal dendrite arborization but also repels axons. However, the downstream signaling components underlying these disparate functions of Sema3A signaling are unclear. Using the novel PlxnA4 KRK-AAA knock-in male and female mice, generated by CRISPR/cas9, we show here that the KRK motif in the PlxnA4 cytoplasmic domain is required for Sema3A-mediated cortical neuron dendritic elaboration but is dispensable for inhibitory axon guidance. The RhoGEF FARP2, which binds to the KRK motif, shows identical functional specificity as the KRK motif in the PlxnA4 receptor. We find that Sema3A activates the small GTPase Rac1, and that Rac1 activity is required for dendrite elaboration but not axon growth cone collapse. This work identifies a novel Sema3A-Nrp1/PlxnA4/FARP2/Rac1 signaling pathway that specifically controls dendritic morphogenesis but is dispensable for repulsive guidance events. Overall, our results demonstrate that the divergent signaling output from multifunctional receptor complexes critically depends on distinct signaling motifs, highlighting the modular nature of guidance cue receptors and its potential to regulate diverse cellular responses. Significance Statement The proper formation of axonal and dendritic morphologies is crucial for the precise wiring of the nervous system that ultimately leads to the generation of complex functions in an organism. The Semaphorin3A-Neuropilin1/Plexin-A4 signaling pathway has been shown to have multiple key roles in neurodevelopment, from axon repulsion to dendrite elaboration. This study demonstrates that three specific amino acids, the KRK motif within the Plexin-A4 receptor cytoplasmic domain, are required to coordinate the downstream signaling molecules to promote Sema3A-mediated cortical neuron dendritic elaboration, but not inhibitory axon guidance. Our results unravel a novel Semaphorin3A-Plexin-A4 downstream signaling pathway and shed light on how the disparate functions of axon guidance and dendritic morphogenesis are accomplished by the same extracellular ligand in vivo.
Immune Evasion Strategies of Glioblastoma (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating brain tumor, with associated poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgery and chemoradiation, the survival of afflicted patients has not improved significantly in the past three decades. Immunotherapy has been heralded as a promising approach in treatment of various cancers; however, the immune privileged environment of the brain usually curbs the optimal expected response in central nervous system malignancies. In addition, GBM cells create an immunosuppressive microenvironment and employ various methods to escape immune surveillance. The purpose of this review is to highlight the strategies by which GBM cells evade the host immune system. Further understanding of these strategies and the biology of this tumor will pave the way for developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment of GBM.
Genetic linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 6q22 is a consistent finding in Portuguese subpopulations and may generalize to broader populations (2005)

We recently reported genome-wide significant linkage to chromosome 6q for bipolar disorder, in a study of 25 Portuguese families, using the Human Mapping Assay Xba 131 (HMA10K). To explore the generalizability of this finding, we reanalyzed our SNP linkage data according to the families' geographic origin. Specifically, the 25 families included 20 families from the Portuguese island collection (PIC; 15 families from the Azores Islands and 5 from the Madeira Islands) and 5 families from continental Portugal. Non-parametric linkage analysis (NPL) was performed as previously described and indicated that each of these subpopulations showed evidence of linkage for the same region. To further address the potential generalizability of these findings to other populations, we have also examined allelic heterozygosity in our subpopulations and in three reference populations (Caucasian, East Asian, and African-American). This analysis indicated that the PIC population is highly correlated to the Caucasian reference population (R = 0.86) for all of chromosome 6. In contrast allelic heterozygosity was more weakly correlated between PIC and both East Asian (R = 0.37) and African-American (R = 0.32) reference populations. Taken together these observations suggest a shared genetic liability among Portuguese populations for bipolar disorder on chromosome 6q, and that the PIC population is likely representative of Caucasians in general.
Preclinical Pharmacology Studies and the Clinical Development of a Novel Multitargeted Antifolate, MTA (LY231514) (1999)

Since the early 1950s, extensive research efforts have been devoted to the discovery and development of antifolate antimetabolites as chemotherapeutic agents for the management of neoplastic diseases. However, it was only in the last 10–15 yr, because of the rapid advances of medicinal chemistry, X-ray protein crystallography, molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine, that a significant number of new generation antifolates were brought forward for clinical development. Several folate-based antimetabolites are currently being investigated in clinical trials. These include lometrexol (6R-5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid) (1–3) LY309887 (4) and AG2034 (5) which are potent and selective inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), an enzyme in the purine de novo biosynthetic pathway; trimetrexate (6) edatrexate (7,8) and PT523 (9) which act on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR); raltitrexed (10,11) AG337 (12) BW1843U89 (13) and ZD933 (14) which specifically target the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
Preparation and luminescent properties of rubidium and cesium vanadates (2014)

Four rubidium and cesium vanadates, with the compositions Rb5V3O10, Rb3V5O14, Cs5V3O10, and Cs2V4O11, have been synthesized and identified, and their thermal stability ranges have been determined. Their spectroscopic properties and luminescence kinetics have been studied: we have measured their X-ray luminescence spectra at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature, photoluminescence spectra, and photoluminescence excitation spectra. The spectra are compared to those of RbVO3 and CsVO3—phosphors that have optimal properties among the alkali metal vanadates.
Clinical Severity of β-thalassaemia/Hb E Disease Is Associated with Differential Activities of the Calpain-Calpastatin Proteolytic System (2012)

Earlier observations in the literature suggest that proteolytic degradation of excess unmatched α-globin chains reduces their accumulation and precipitation in β-thalassaemia erythroid precursor cells and have linked this proteolytic degradation to the activity of calpain protease. The aim of this study was to correlate the activity of calpain and its inhibitor, calpastatin, with different degrees of disease severity in β-thalassaemia. CD34(+) cells were enriched from peripheral blood of healthy individuals (control group) and patients with mild and severe clinical presentations of β(0)-thalassaemia/Hb E disease. By ex vivo cultivation promoting erythroid cell differentiation for 7 days, proerythroblasts, were employed for the functional characterization of the calpain-calpastatin proteolytic system. In comparison to the control group, enzymatic activity and protein amounts of μ-calpain were found to be more than 3-fold increased in proerythroblasts from patients with mild clinical symptoms, whereas no significant difference was observed in patients with severe clinical symptoms. Furthermore, a 1.6-fold decrease of calpastatin activity and 3.2-fold accumulation of a 34 kDa calpain-mediated degradation product of calpastatin were observed in patients with mild clinical symptoms. The increased activity of calpain may be involved in the removal of excess α-globin chains contributing to a lower degree of disease severity in patients with mild clinical symptoms.
Analysis of Metallo‐Supramolecular Systems Using Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract Single‐molecule force spectroscopy has been used for the investigation of the rupture behavior of individual metallo‐supramolecular systems. For this purpose, a specifically designed unsymmetrical α,ω‐functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) has been employed for mono‐termination with a terpyridine ligand and subsequently for the attachment onto atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and microscope slide substrates. Metallo‐supramolecular complexes were formed by the use of ruthenium( III )–ruthenium( II ) chemistry. Vertical stretching with the AFM cantilever ruptured the coordinative bonds. The rupture force of individual bisterpyridine ruthenium( II ) complexes was determined to be 95 pN at a force loading rate of 1 nN s –1 . Simultaneous rupturing of multiple parallel metallo‐supramolecular bonds was also observed. Monte Carlo simulations corroborated the experimental observations. The presented results lay the basis for the application of such metallo‐supramolecular systems in advanced functional nanomaterials.
Prolonged retention of cross-linked trypsin in calcium alginate microspheres (1997)

Trypsin microencapsulated in a calcium alginate matrix was lost quickly through diffusion when the microspheres were placed in an aqueous medium. This problem was overcome by first reacting trypsin with glutaraldehyde to form cross-linkages and then incorporating the enzyme in the alginate microspheres. The performance of the cross-linked trypsin remained optimal at pH 8 while it was found to be more heat-stable and remained highly active even at 80 degrees C. Esters and amides of L-arginine were preferentially hydrolysed by the enzyme indicating that cross-linking did not adversely affect the conformation of the active site. There was a suppression in enzymatic activity when the microspheres were placed in reaction media with an increasing concentration of organic solvent such as ethanol, acetonitrile or isopropanol. However, when returned to a totally aqueous environment, the enzyme resumed its initial tryptic capability. Such a microencapsulated form of cross-linked enzyme may find application in enzyme replacement therapy, optical resolution of racemic compounds as well as organic synthesis in an aqueous-organic environment.
Fatty Acid Esterification with N,N-Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals for GC Analysis (1972)

Abstract The methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl esters of long chain fatty acids can be prepared quantitatively by reaction with dimethylforma-mide dialkylacetals (alkyl group = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl, respectively). A gas chromatographic separation can be carried out as soon as solution is achieved.
Stepwise-edited, human melanoma models reveal mutations’ effect on tumor and microenvironment (2022)

Establishing causal relationships between genetic alterations of human cancers and specific phenotypes of malignancy remains a challenge. We sequentially introduced mutations into healthy human melanocytes in up to five genes spanning six commonly disrupted melanoma pathways, forming nine genetically distinct cellular models of melanoma. We connected mutant melanocyte genotypes to malignant cell expression programs in vitro and in vivo, replicative immortality, malignancy, rapid tumor growth, pigmentation, metastasis, and histopathology. Mutations in malignant cells also affected tumor microenvironment composition and cell states. Our melanoma models shared genotype-associated expression programs with patient melanomas, and a deep learning model showed that these models partially recapitulated genotype-associated histopathological features as well. Thus, a progressive series of genome-edited human cancer models can causally connect genotypes carrying multiple mutations to phenotype.