gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed photodetectors with high saturation for high performance microwave photonic systems (2002)

We proposed a velocity-matched distributed photodetector (VMDP) to achieve high saturation power and large bandwidth. The VMDP with 56 mA saturation photocurrent and an instrument-limited 3-dB bandwidth of 49 GHz is demonstrated.
Bazı Oksim Bileşiklerinin Bağlanma Özelliklerinin Moleküler Kenetlenme Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi (2020)

Bu çalışmada, biyolojik aktivite gösterme potansiyeli yüksek olan bazı oksim bileşiklerinin, seçilmiş bazı proteinlerin aktif bölgesine bağlanma özellikleri moleküler kenetlenme (Doking) yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışılan tüm oksim ligand molekülleri, Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi (DFT) yöntemiyle B3LYP fonksiyoneli ve 6-311G(d,p) temel seti kullanılarak Gaussian09 programında optimize edilmiştir. Optimize edilen tüm moleküllerin HOMO, LUMO ve HOMO-LUMO enerji farkları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışılan ligandlar için belirlenen kuantum kimyasal parametreleri ve inhibisyon aktiviteleri arasındaki ilişki de araştırılmıştır. Ligand moleküllerinin seçilen proteinlerle moleküler kenetlenme yöntemiyle bağlantı çalışmaları, ligandların optimize edilmiş geometrileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Protein veri bankasından, seçilen proteinlerin kristal yapıları *.pdb formatında temin edilmiş ve bu kristal yapıların optimize ligandlarla etkileşimi SwissDock web sunucusu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Moleküler kenetlenme çalışmaları sonucu, ligand-protein bağlanma enerjileri, ligand-protein arasında oluşabilecek hidrojen bağ bölgeleri ve sayısı tespit edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Molecular Acoustic and Spectroscopic Studies on the Internal Rotation in 1-Fluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1968)

An ultrasonic relaxation observed in liquid 1-fluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane has been attributed to a perturbation of the equilibrium between the trans and gauche isomers. From the temperature dependence of the relaxation parameters, the rates of isomerization have been derived. The temperature dependence of the rate constants were found to obey the Arrhenius and Eyring rate equations giving the following parameters: A = 2.2 ± 1.5 × 1012sec−1, E = 9.0 ± 0.4 kcal/mole,ΔHgt+ = 8.3 ± 0.3 kcal/mole. The vibrational frequency of the torsional oscillations of the trans isomer is 86 cm−1, which is equivalent to a torsional barrier (ΔHgt+) of 8.89 kcal/mole. The acoustic and spectroscopic barrier are compared to the potential barrier found from a recent NMR study, (ΔHgt+ = 7.25 kcal/mole).
Extraction Procedures for Use Prior to HPLC Nucleotide Analysis Using Microparticle Chemically Bonded Packings (1977)

In preparing nucleotide extracts for HPLC analysis using microparticle, chemically bonded packings, tri-octyl-amine-freon solutions can be used for the extraction of the acid from the solution if the concentration of the amine is carefully controlled.
A Model of the Post-saccadic Dynamics of Visual Sensitivity (2021)

Humans explore visual scenes by continually alternating rapid gaze shifts (saccades) with slow eye movements (ocular drifts). Recent work has shown that, on the retina, this oculomotor alternation yields a luminance flow with power equalized within a bandwidth that oscillates with the saccade/drift cycle (Mostofi et al, Current Biology 2020). Here we use neural modeling to investigate the possible impact of this visual input signal on retinal activity and perception. The responses of retinal ganglion cells (magno- and parvo-cellular, ON and OFF) were modeled at various eccentricities via spatiotemporal filters based on neurophysiological data. Neurons were assumed to be insensitive to purely stationary stimuli (0 Hz), hence primarily driven by luminance fluctuations elicited by eye movements. The model was exposed to luminance flows experienced by human subjects detecting a grating annulus (spatial frequency at 2 or 10 cpd; eccentricity of 0, 4 or 8°; and width of 1.5°) embedded in a natural noise field. The stimulus was displayed with variable post-saccadic exposure (50, 150, or 500 ms) contingent with the onset of a 6° saccade. Post-saccadic neural responses were cumulated by a standard decision-making stage to report the presence/absence of the grating. The model closely replicates human visual dynamics at all considered eccentricities. Responses to the luminance changes induced by eye movements cause visual sensitivity to low spatial frequency to saturate immediately after the saccade and sensitivity to high spatial frequency to continue increasing during post-saccadic drifts. These findings support the proposal that eye movements are major contributors to visual sensitivity. They indicate that quantitative models of retinal responses are sufficient for predicting the dynamics of contrast sensitivity across the visual field during natural viewing.
Phase retrieval in crystallography and optics (1990)

Phase problems occur in many scientific disciplines, particularly those involving remote sensing using a wave field. Although there has been much interest in phase retrieval in optics and in imaging in general over the past decade, phase retrieval has a much longer history in x-ray crystallography, and a variety of powerful and practical techniques have been developed. The nature of crystallography means that crystallographic phase problems are distinct from those in other imaging contexts, but there are a number of commonalities. Here the principles of phase retrieval in crystallography are outlined and are compared and contrasted with phase retrieval in general imaging. Uniqueness results are discussed, but the emphasis is on phase-retrieval algorithms and areas in which results in one discipline have, and may, contribute to the other.
Magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: Comparative studies including radical prostatectomy specimens and template transperineal biopsy (2015)

mpMRI has an increasing role for PCa diagnosis, staging, and directing management toward improving patient outcomes. Its sensitivity and specificity when compared with RP and TTPB specimens are less than what some expect, possibly reflecting a learning curve for the technique of mpMRI.
COMMON AND DISTINCT PATTERNS OF PULMONARY GENE EXPRESSION IN TWO INFLAMMATION MODELS. (2003)

Minnich, D J; Feezor, R J; Efron, P A; Tannahill, C L; Baker, H V; Cance, W G; Moldawer, L L Author Information
Quantifying One and Two Dimensional Lateral Heterogeneities in Fluvio- Deltaic Reservoirs Using 3-D Seismic Data: ABSTRACT (1996)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Peptide dimer structure in an Aβ(1–42) fibril visualized with cryo-EM (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in humans and the main cause of dementia in aging societies. The disease is characterized by the aberrant formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide oligomers and fibrils. These structures may damage the brain and give rise to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neuronal dysfunction, and cellular toxicity. Although the connection between AD and Aβ fibrillation is extensively documented, much is still unknown about the formation of these Aβ aggregates and their structures at the molecular level. Here, we combined electron cryomicroscopy, 3D reconstruction, and integrative structural modeling methods to determine the molecular architecture of a fibril formed by Aβ(1-42), a particularly pathogenic variant of Aβ peptide. Our model reveals that the individual layers of the Aβ fibril are formed by peptide dimers with face-to-face packing. The two peptides forming the dimer possess identical tilde-shaped conformations and interact with each other by packing of their hydrophobic C-terminal β-strands. The peptide C termini are located close to the main fibril axis, where they produce a hydrophobic core and are surrounded by the structurally more flexible and charged segments of the peptide N termini. The observed molecular architecture is compatible with the general chemical properties of Aβ peptide and provides a structural basis for various biological observations that illuminate the molecular underpinnings of AD. Moreover, the structure provides direct evidence for a steric zipper within a fibril formed by full-length Aβ peptide.
Irp2 regulates insulin production through iron-mediated Cdkal1-catalyzed tRNA modification (2020)

Regulation of cellular iron homeostasis is crucial as both iron excess and deficiency cause hematological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that mice lacking iron-regulatory protein 2 (Irp2), a regulator of cellular iron homeostasis, develop diabetes. Irp2 post-transcriptionally regulates the iron-uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the iron-storage protein ferritin, and dysregulation of these proteins due to Irp2 loss causes functional iron deficiency in β cells. This impairs Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, reducing the function of Cdkal1, an Fe-S cluster enzyme that catalyzes methylthiolation of t<sup>6</sup>A37 in tRNA<sup>Lys</sup><sub>UUU</sub> to ms<sup>2</sup>t<sup>6</sup>A37. As a consequence, lysine codons in proinsulin are misread and proinsulin processing is impaired, reducing insulin content and secretion. Iron normalizes ms<sup>2</sup>t<sup>6</sup>A37 and proinsulin lysine incorporation, restoring insulin content and secretion in Irp2<sup>-/-</sup> β cells. These studies reveal a previously unidentified link between insulin processing and cellular iron deficiency that may have relevance to type 2 diabetes in humans.
An Investigation of Subband Wavenet Vocoder Covering Entire Audible Frequency Range with Limited Acoustic Features (2018)

Although a WaveNet vocoder can synthesize more natural-sounding speech waveforms than conventional vocoders with sampling frequencies of 16 and 24 kHz, it is difficult to directly extend the sampling frequency to 48 kHz to cover the entire human audible frequency range for higher-quality synthesis because the model size becomes too large to train with a consumer GPU. For a WaveNet vocoder with a sampling frequency of 48 kHz with a consumer GPU, this paper introduces a subband WaveNet architecture to a speaker-dependent WaveNet vocoder and proposes a subband WaveNet vocoder. In experiments, each conditional subband WaveNet with a sampling frequency of 8 kHz was well trained using a consumer GPU. The results of subjective evaluations with a Japanese male speech corpus indicate that the proposed subband WaveNet vocoder with 36-dimensional simple acoustic features significantly outperformed the conventional source-filter model-based vocoders including STRAIGHT with 86-dimensional features.
A CW FFAG FOR PROTON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (2012)

An advantage of the cyclotron in proton therapy is the continuous (CW) beam outputwhich reduces complexity and response time in the dosimetry requirements and beam controls.A CW accelerator requires isochronous particle orbits at all energies through theacceleration cycle and present compact isochronous cyclotrons for proton therapy reach only250 MeV (kinetic energy) which is required for patient treatment, but low for full ProtonComputed Tomography (pCT) capability. PCT specifications need 300-330 MeV in order forprotons to transit the human body. Recent innovations in nonscaling FFAG design haveachieved isochronous performance in a compact (~3 m radius) design at these higherenergies. Preliminary isochronous designs are presented here. Lower energy beams can beefficiently extracted for patient treatment without changes to the acceleration cycle andmagnet currents. Copyright © 2012 by IEEE.
Choosing between Higher Moment Maximum Entropy Models and Its Application to Homogeneous Point Processes with Random Effects (2017)

In the Bayesian framework, the usual choice of prior in the prediction of homogeneous Poisson processes with random effects is the gamma one. Here, we propose the use of higher order maximum entropy priors. Their advantage is illustrated in a simulation study and the choice of the best order is established by two goodness-of-fit criteria: Kullback–Leibler divergence and a discrepancy measure. This procedure is illustrated on a warranty data set from the automobile industry.
Tyrosine-dependent Basolateral Sorting Signals Are Distinct from Tyrosine-dependent Internalization Signals (1997)

Converting cysteine 543 to tyrosine in the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) introduces both a basolateral sorting signal and an internalization signal into the HA cytoplasmic domain. Another HA mutant, HA+8, contains eight additional amino acids at the end of the cytoplasmic domain that include a powerful internalization signal. HA+8 was also sorted efficiently to the basolateral surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The simplest explanation for the observation that multiple sorting phenotypes depend upon the same small amino acid sequence is that certain tyrosine-based internalization signals might also function as basolateral sorting signals. To test this hypothesis, second-site mutations were introduced into HA C543Y or HA+8 to determine if the internalization and basolateral sorting functions can be separated. For HA C543Y, the same sequence positions were important for both basolateral sorting and internalization, but the two functions responded differently to individual amino acid replacements, indicating that they were distinct. For HA+8, the basolateral sorting signal required the same tyrosine as the internalization signal, but did not share any other characteristics. Thus, even when basolateral sorting signals that depend on tyrosine overlap or are co-linear with internalizations signals, the two sorting processes are sensitive to different characteristics of the sequence.
Optimal Thermal Design of a Stacked Mini-Channel Heat Sink Cooled by a Low Flow Rate Coolant (2013)

Application requirements for avionics are often very strict. For example, the heat sinks of avionics need very good temperature uniformity, but the flow rate of coolant is very restricted. In addition, the use of micro-channels is not recommended due to the potential clogging issue. Considering these design requirements, we will discuss a multiple-objective optimal design method to obtain a good stacked mini-channel structure for avionics applications. In our thermal design, the design variables are the mini-channel geometry parameters. Temperature uniformity, entropy generation, max temperature of heat sink and pump work are chosen as the objective functions. A Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and Fluent solver are used together to minimize multiple objective functions subject to constraints, and locate the Pareto front. By analyzing the multiple objective optimal results, we can draw the conclusion that the objective functions of Tmax and sg have same effect on the optimization, and the multiple optimal results are a set and not a single value. If mostly focusing on the temperature uniformity, we can recommend some optimal structures to design a stacked mini-channel heat sink.
Rate-Dependent Stiffness and Recovery in Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels through Sacrificial Metal Coordination Bonds (2015)

Four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) star polymers modified with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (HOPO) end groups were shown to form transient, coordination networks upon addition of trivalent cations In<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and Al<sup>3+</sup>. These coordination-based hydrogels exhibited high activation energies of viscoelasticity (34 kT) and characteristic bond lifetimes tunable over 2 orders of magnitude and could be incorporated into poly(hydroxyethylacrylamide)-based covalent scaffolds to create interpenetrating network hydrogels. Measurements carried out in compression and tension demonstrate that the secondary coordination network imparts toughness and stiffness to the overall material, and unlike traditional interpenetrating networks (IPNs), the extent of toughening is dependent on the rate at which the materials are deformed. The dynamic character of the coordination network also allows recovery after mechanical damage following high amplitude strains.
Modulation of an ultraviolet mutational hotspot in a shuttle vector in Xeroderma cells (1991)

Ultraviolet mutagenesis of the shuttle vector plasmid pZ189 in Xeroderma Pigmentosum cells yields a mutational pattern marked by hotspots at photoproduct sites on both strands of the supF marker gene. In order to test the influence of strand orientation on the appearance of hotspots the mutagenesis study was repeated on a vector with the supF gene in the inverted orientation. We recovered a pattern the same as that in the earlier work and conclude that the nature of the DNA polymerase involved in the replication of specific strands is not a primary determinant of hotspot occurrence in this system. One of the hotspots lies in an 8 base palindrome while the corresponding site on the other strand was not a hotspot. These results were obtained with calcium phosphate transfection of the UV treated vector. When DEAE dextran was used as a transfection agent both sites in the palindrome were hotspots. In a mixing experiment the calcium phosphate pattern was recovered. Our data suggest that the sequence determinants of mutational probability at these two sites lie outside the 8 bases of the palindrome and that mutagenesis at one, but not the other, site is sensitive to perturbation of cellular calcium levels.
Improvement of the sandwich junction properties by planarization of YBCO films (1999)

We have improved the properties of c-axis-oriented YBCO/PBCO/YBCO trilayer junctions using planarization of YBCO films. The root-mean-square value of the film roughness reduces to less than 60% of that of an as-grown film. The junctions made through the planarization exhibit RSJ-like current-voltage characteristics even for 20-nm-thick PBCO interlayers. The characteristic voltage is 0.16 mV at 50 K, which is remarkably improved compared to that of junctions without the planarization.
Monosaccharide mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring, XIV. Untersuchungen über die magnetische Anisotropie der Amidgruppe (1967)

Abstract An sterisch fixierten N ‐Acyl‐piperidin‐Derivaten wurde gezeigt, daß die magnetische Wirkung der Amidgruppe die Protonen von N ‐Alkylresten im wesentlichen nur bei cis ‐ständiger Carbonylgruppe beeinflußt, wobei Verschiebung der NMR‐Signale zu niedrigerem oder höherem Feld erfolgen kann. Ein allgemeines Modell (Abbild. 2) gibt die Bereiche an. Äquatoriale Protonen der α‐Methylengruppen von N ‐Acetyl‐piperidinen befinden sich im Entschirmungsbereich (deshielding), entsprechende axiale Protonen im Abschirmungsbereich (shilding). Bei frei rotierenden N ‐Methylgruppen durchlaufen die Protonen abwechselnd beide Bereiche. Die dabei erfolgende Mittelwertbildung zeigt, daß die Abschirmung über‐wiegt. Die Kenntnis der magnetischen Anisotropie ermöglicht eine Konformationsanalyse des 2‐Methyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐piperidins ( 8 ), das eine Konformation mit axialer CH 3 ‐Gruppe bevorzugt.
The CKM Matrix and the Unitarity Triangle (2003)

This report contains the results of the Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, held at CERN on 13-16 February 2002 to study the determination of the CKM matrix from the available data of K, D, and B physics. This is a coherent document with chapters covering the determination of CKM elements from tree level decays and K and B meson mixing and the global fits of the unitarity triangle parameters. The impact of future measurements is also discussed.
Estimation of Spinal Deformity in Scoliosis From Torso Surface Cross Sections (2001)

Neural-network analysis of full-torso scan imaging shows promise to accurately estimate scoliotic spinal deformity in a variety of patients.
Interpolyelectrolyte complexes as smart binders with controllable stability in water-salt solutions (1996)

The stability of non-stoichiometric interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs), which contain relatively long poly(methacrylate anion)s and relatively short poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium cation)s, with respect to their dissociation into constituent polyelectrolytes in water-salt media was studied by fluorescence quenching and velocity sedimentation techniques. The dissociation of IPECs was found to begin at a certain critical salt concentration and to proceed by a gradual release of polycations from IPECs. The effects of polyion chain length and polyion charge density on the stability of IPECs were examined.
Principles and methods for automated palynology (2014)

Pollen grains are microscopic so their identification and quantification has, for decades, depended upon human observers using light microscopes: a labour-intensive approach. Modern improvements in computing and imaging hardware and software now bring automation of pollen analyses within reach. In this paper, we provide the first review in over 15 yr of progress towards automation of the part of palynology concerned with counting and classifying pollen, bringing together literature published from a wide spectrum of sources. We consider which attempts offer the most potential for an automated palynology system for universal application across all fields of research concerned with pollen classification and counting. We discuss what is required to make the datasets of these automated systems as acceptable as those produced by human palynologists, and present suggestions for how automation will generate novel approaches to counting and classifying pollen that have hitherto been unthinkable.
C-Type Lectins: Multifaceted Receptors in Phagocyte Biology (2014)

This chapter focuses on those members of the C-type lectin family that contain a classical carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and are expressed and functional on phagocytic cells of the immune system, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) exist either as transmembrane proteins or as soluble proteins, but all contain one or more CRDs for binding to carbohydrate structures. Ca2+ is required for the interaction of carbohydrates with the CRD. Peptide fragments resulting from lysosomal degradation are eventually complexed onto major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules and exposed at the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to be inspected by T cells for self / nonself discrimination. A variety of molecules stimulate chemotaxis of innate immune cells, including microbial products such as the bacterial peptide formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP), activated complement (C5a), cytokines such as IL-8 and macrophage inhibitory protein 2, and bioactive lipids such as leukotriene B4. Recently, it was reported that SIGN-R1 associates with TLR4 to capture gramnegative bacteria and to facilitate signal transduction to activate innate macrophage responses. Antigen presentation upon engagement of a specific receptor is also likely to be affected by intracellular routing of the targeted receptor. Differences in their expression patterns on distinct DC subsets, their intracellular signaling cascades, as well as their intracellular routing will have consequences for the immunological outcome of in vivo DC therapy.
Allelic variants of aromatase and the androgen and estrogen receptors: toward a multigenic model of prostate cancer risk. (2001)

Estrogen and aromatase may play a role in prostate cancer. A multigenic model of prostate cancer susceptibility is also supported.