gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Single-Transverse-Mode Lasing in VCSELs via Patterned Dielectric Anti-Phase Filters (2016)

A novel method to achieve single-fundamental-mode lasing and higher order mode suppression using a multi-layer, patterned, dielectric anti-phase filter is employed on the top of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Dielectric layers are deposited and patterned on individual VCSELs in a wafer-scale process to modify (increase/decrease) the mirror reflectivity across the oxide aperture via anti-phase reflections, creating spatially dependent threshold material gain and VCSEL lasing-mode control. A 1-D plane-wave propagation method is used to calculate the dielectric layer thicknesses in each spatial region needed to facilitate or suppress lasing. A single-fundamental-mode, continuous-wave output power of 3.5 mW is achieved at a lasing wavelength of 850 nm. This additive, non-destructive method allows for mode selection at any lasing wavelength and for any VCSEL layer structure without the need for destructive etching techniques or epitaxial regrowth. It also offers the capability of a tailored filter design based on available materials and deposition methods.
[Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an elderly patient--a case of squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated with chemotherapy using vinorelbine]. (2001)

We report an elderly patient with squamous cell carcinoma who was successfully treated with chemotherapy using vinorelbine. A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a nodular shadow in the left lung. Chest CT scam showed a 3-cm tumor shadow in left S9 and a 1-cm small nodule in right S2. Transbronchial lung biopsy yielded a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was IV (cT2N2M1). The patient first underwent chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (CDDP) 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and vinorelbine (VNB) 20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15, which generated tumor shrinkage of 48% as well as transient elevation of grade 1 in serum creatinine. The 2 cycles of chemotherapy using vinorelbine only (VNB 20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15) produced a tumor reduction of 70% with grade-1 decrease of granulocytes. The low grade of toxicity enabled us to treat the patient in our outpatient office for the second cycle of the regimen. This case suggests that chemotherapy using low-dose vinorelbine might be suitable to treat elderly patients with NSCLC in outpatient settings.
Taking Up the Challenge of Measuring Prolonged Pain in (Premature) Neonates (2009)

The COMFORTneo showed preliminary reliability. No major differences were found in cut-off values for low birth weight, small for gestational age, neurologic impairment risk levels, or sex. Multicenter studies should focus on establishing concurrent validity with other instruments in a patient group with a high probability of ongoing pain.
Photoluminescent and electroluminescent couplings in monolithic tandem solar cells (2016)

Abstract As solar cell efficiency improves, so does the cell's radiative efficiency. In high‐performance tandem stacks, each individual cell emits significant luminescence during operation, making radiative coupling between these cells an important factor to consider in cell design, measurement and performance prediction. Past modelling includes the electroluminescent coupling component only, although photoluminescent coupling is likely to be important for cells operating near or below their maximum power point voltage or when junction defect recombination is dominant. In this work, we first propose an extension of earlier models to allow this non‐negligible coupling component to be included, which is validated by measurement of the closely related external emission. Then, we establish an equivalent circuit and uniquely use intuitive circuit concepts to conduct a comprehensive analysis clarifying the roles of parasitic circuit elements and external loads in the complex radiative interactions between cells. The circuit analysis also reveals some undiscovered issues to be addressed in eliminating coupling effects from measured cell spectral responses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of FeGa nanowires (2009)

We report the growth, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Fe0.8Ga0.2 nanowires that are grown on quartz substrates by electrospinning. Electrospun nanowires are annealed in ultrahigh purity argon-hydrogen gas mixture. Uniform, continuous, high aspect ratio FeGa nanowires with diameters in the range of 50–500 nm and lengths of up to 500 μm are grown. Hysteresis loops were measured with magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the substrate plane at 4 and 300 K. The nanowires exhibit a quite large coercivity (380 Oe) at 4 K in the parallel field. At 300 K, they show lower coercivities than that of bulk FeGa in both directions.
Grid Services for Distributed System (2002)

abstractions and concepts that let applicationsaccess and share resources and services across dis-tributed, wide area networks, while providing com-mon security semantics, distributed resourcemanagement performance, coordinated fail-over,problem determination services, or other QoS met-rics that are of importance in a particular context.For some time, such problems have been of cen-tral concern to developers of distributed systems forlarge-scale scientiﬁc research. Work within thiscommunity has led to the development of Grid tech-nologies , 1 which have been widely adopted in sci-entiﬁc and technical computing. 2 Grid technologiesand infrastructures support the sharing and coor-dinated use of diverse resources in dynamic, dis-tributed virtual organizations 3 —that is, thecreation, from geographically distributed compo-nents operated by distinct organizations with dif-fering policies, of virtual computing systems thatare sufﬁciently integrated to deliver the desired QoS.In particular, the open source Globus Toolkitdescribed in the “OGSA and the Globus ToolKit”sidebar has emerged as a de facto standard for con-struction of Grid systems. Projects building on theGlobus Toolkit range from scientiﬁc collaborationsconcerned with remote access to specialized exper-imental facilities—for example, the Network forEarthquake Engineering Simulation, NEESgrid;(http://www.neesgrid.org)—to “data grids” for the
Optimized Ionic Wind-Based Cooling Microfabricated Devices for Improving a Measured Coefficient of Performance (2011)

This work is a continuation of previous investigations aimed at developing an innovative microfabricated air-cooling technology that employs an electrohydrodynamic corona discharge (i.e. ionic wind pump) [1], [2]. This technology enables the miniaturization of cooling systems for next generation electronics. Our single ionic wind pump element consists of two parallel collecting electrodes between which a single emitting tip is positioned. Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics™ are additionally employed to predict the temperature distribution, the flow field, and the heat removal capacity of the device in operation. One such model utilizes a small gap between collector and emitter electrodes and demonstrates an improvement in the COP (coefficient of performance) of a single device. Comparisons are made with experimental temperature data on an actual device. The purpose of this work is therefore to optimize the performance of a single microfabricated ionic wind pump to enable the development of an array of these elements for use in larger-scale heat transfer applications.
Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from Constitutive NF-κB Activation in Colorectal Carcinoma Plays a Key Role in Angiogenesis, Promoting Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from Constitutive NF-κB Activation in Colorectal Carcinoma Plays a Key Role in Angiogenesis, Promoting Tumor Growth
DNA variants and organophosphate neurotoxicity among emerging farmers in the Western Cape of South Africa (2017)

DNA variants of NAT2, PON1, and GSTM1 may modify OP neurotoxicity, and this requires further exploration.
Media consumption across platforms: Identifying user-defined repertoires (2012)

New media have made available a wide range of platforms and content choices. However, audiences cope with abundant choices by using more narrowly defined repertoires. Unfortunately, we know little of how users create repertoires across media platforms. This study uses factor analysis to identify user-defined repertoires from data obtained by following 495 users throughout an entire day. Results indicate the presence of four repertoires that are powerfully tied to the rhythms of people’s daily lives. These were in turn explained by a combination of factors such as audience availability and individual demographics.
Stem cell transplantation in neurodegenerative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: future or fiction? (2011)

Current advances in our understanding of stem and precursor cell biology and in the protocols of stem cell isolation and transplantation have opened up the possibility of transplanting neural stem cells for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. This review summarises the current status of research in this field, identifies the major gaps in our knowledge and discusses the potential opportunities and hurdles for clinical application.
Ultra-fast wavefront analyser for high volume production of camera modules lenses (2008)

Aspheric lenses are of increasing importance in compact imaging systems. New developments in production technologies have led to the so called wafer level production with several thousands of lenses on a single wafer. This high volume production demands fast testing equipment which allows for the characterization of complete imaging systems as well as of all of its single components. In most of the cases conventional methods cannot be used to measure single lenses or objectives in earlier production states. Although e.g. the measurement of the modulation transfer function is a well established method for fast and accurate quality inspection of entire objectives it has its limitation for single lenses. Due to its very large dynamic range the Shack-Hartmann sensor is able to measure a very broad range of spherical and aspherical lenses as well as partially or fully assembled objectives. With the combination of a fast high accuracy wavefront sensor and special positioning algorithms which allow for high throughput in mass production a new flexible instrument has been developed.
Voltage Scaling in Area Scalable Selector-Less PrMnO3 RRAM by N2: O2 Partial Pressure Dependent Annealing (2019)

Manganite based Resistance Random Access Memories (RRAM) are attractive as they are non-volatile, area-scalable, with fast switching and large endurance and retention. However, the cross-point RRAM array implementation has sneak path current leakage. To avoid this issue, a selector device with high nonlinearity is used in series with a memory device. This addition of the selector device leads to a higher voltage requirement. Further, the integration of memory and selector is challenging and leads to higher circuit complexity. To resolve this issue, a single device is extensively explored to work as a selector-less RRAM. Recently, we have experimentally demonstrated a nanoscale PrMnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PMO) based selector-less RRAM with record memory window (MW) and non-linearity (NL). Along with MW and NL, the devices should operate at lower voltages to reduce power consumption in large memory array. To address this issue, in this paper, first, we experimentally demonstrate the switching voltage scaling (40 % reduction) in PMO selector-less RRAM using N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> partial pressure dependent annealing in the fabrication process. Further, this voltage reduction is attributed to the lowering of trap density in as-fabricated devices with higher O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration annealing. Finally, the trap density is extracted which shows the dependence where reduced trap density leads to lower operational voltages. This experimental voltage scaling of selector-less RRAM will provide a significant power performance improvement in the large cross-point memory array and neuromorphic computing applications.
5-Formylcytosine controls nucleosome positioning through covalent histone-DNA interaction (2017)

Nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin that ensure genome integrity and control access to the genetic information. The organization of nucleosomes is influenced by the underlying DNA sequence itself, transcription factors or other transcriptional machinery associated proteins and chromatin remodeling complexes ( 1–4 ). Herein, we show that the naturally occurring DNA modification, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) contributes to the positioning of nucleosomes. We show that the ability of 5fC to position nucleosomes in vitro is associated with the formation of covalent interactions between histone residues and 5fC in the form of Schiff bases. We demonstrate that similar interactions can occur in a cellular environment and define their specific genomic loci in mouse embryonic stem cells. Collectively, our findings identify 5fC as a determinant of nucleosomal organization in which 5fC plays a role in establishing distinct regulatory regions that are linked to gene expression Our study provides a previously unknown molecular mechanism, involving the formation of reversible-covalent bonds between chromatin and DNA that supports a molecular linkage between DNA sequence, DNA base modification and chromatin structure.
Improving spatial classification methods by using concomitant information (2003)

This dissertation will investigate spatial statistics, in particular spatial covariance structure, and its applications and commonalities with computational statistics methods for image classification. Important facets of the research include handling massive amounts of data (high spatial resolution and multiple observation times), high dimensional data (high spectral resolution), and assessing accuracy of various classifiers. The particular data sets for evaluation were selected from multispectral 4-band imagery data. Spatial resolution for data sets is 1–4 meters per data observation (or pixel), and each data set contains millions of pixels. Spatial covariance information can assist in both data compression and in imagery classification.
The TFAP2C-Regulated OCT4 Naive Enhancer Is Involved in Human Germline Formation (2018)

Human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) are the first embryonic progenitors in the germ cell lineage, yet the molecular mechanisms required for hPGC formation are not well characterized. To identify regulatory regions in hPGC development, we used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to systematically characterize regions of open chromatin in hPGCs and hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We discovered regions of open chromatin unique to hPGCs and hPGCLCs that significantly overlap with TFAP2C-bound enhancers identified in the naive ground state of pluripotency. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we show that deleting the TFAP2C-bound naive enhancer at the OCT4 locus (also called POU5F1) results in impaired OCT4 expression and a negative effect on hPGCLC identity.
Interaction of basal positive and negative transcription elements controls repression of the proximal rat prolactin promoter in nonpituitary cells. (1992)

The proximal rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter contains three cell-specific elements, designated footprints I, III, and IV, which restrict rPRL gene expression to anterior pituitary lactotroph cells. Footprint II (-130 to -120) binds a factor, which we have termed F2F, present in pituitary and nonpituitary cell types. Here we demonstrate that a key role of the footprint II site is to inhibit rPRL promoter activity in nonpituitary cells, specifically, by interfering with the basal activating function of a vicinal element. Gene transfer analysis revealed 20-fold activation of the rPRL promoter in nonpituitary cell types when footprint II was either deleted or specifically mutated. Similar activation of the intact rPRL promoter was obtained by in vivo F2F titration studies. In GH4 rat pituitary cells, the footprint II inhibitory activity was masked by the redundant, positively acting cell-specific elements and was inhibitory only if the two upstream sites, footprints III and IV, were deleted. Deletion of the -112 to -80 region in the footprint II site-specific mutant background resulted in complete loss of rPRL promoter activity in both pituitary and nonpituitary cell types, mapping a basal activating element that is operative irrespective of cell type to this region. While the basal activating element imparted an activating function in a heterologous promoter assay, the footprint II sequence did not display any inherent repressor function and actually induced several minimal heterologous promoters. However, the inhibitory activity of the footprint II site was detected only if it was in context with the basal activating element. These data underscore the importance of ubiquitous activating and inhibitory factors in establishing cell-specific gene expression and further emphasize the complexity of the molecular mechanisms which restrict gene expression to specific cell types. We provide a novel paradigm to study rPRL promoter function and hormone responsiveness independently of lactotroph cell-specific requirements.
Development of the Anal Fin Appendicular Support in the Western Mosquitofish, <i>Gambusia affinis affini</i><i>s</i> (Baird and Girard, 1854): A Reinvestigation and Reinterpretation (1994)

Development of the sexually dimorphic anal fin appendicular support of an internal fertilizing bony fish Gambusia affinis affinis was investigated by staining whole-mounted embryos, immature, and adult female and male G. a. affinis with alizarin red S and alcian blue. The tissue was examined histologically to assess development of the amphicelous centrum and to verify specificity of the stains. Our data confirm earlier claims about the development of the male and female characteristics in this species, and we provide for the first time direct embryonic evidence suggesting that development of the sexually dimorphic anal fin appendicular support is biphasic: (1) anteriorization of the most anterior caudal segments, and (2) growth and elongation of hemal arches of vertebrae 14-16. The first process involves a sequential homeotic transformation of hemal arches of vertebrae 11-13 through resorption of mineralized connective tissue, thus forming parapophyses that bear pleural ribs. This process begins in undifferentiated embryos and proceeds similarly in postnatal males and females. During the same period, the second process, likely induced by male gonadal hormones, causes the addition of mineralized connective tissue at the hemal arches of vertebrae 14-16. This second process, which occurs only in males, elongates the hemal arches of vertebrae 14-16 anteriorly. This elongation apparently translocates the anal fin appendicular support (including parts of the hemal spine of the hemal arch of vertebra 13) to the level of vertebra 11. It appears that the developmental programs of both female and male G. a. affinis create an area of 6 vertebrae which are markedly different from any vertebrae anterior to 11 and posterior to 16. We propose to term the area including these vertebrae and the associated anal fin, the genital area. We also propose that the first process, homeotic transformation of caudal into precaudal segments, is regulated by differential expression of control genes, such as homeobox genes, whereas the second process is regulated by gene expression under the control of male gonadal hormones. Conflicting data in the literature can be resolved with this model. Appropriate tests of the model are proposed.
Surface Characterization of YBa2Cu3Ox(001) Single-Crystal Substrates for Homoepitaxial Growth (1996)

We have evaluated the properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (001) single-crystal substrates with areas as large as 10×10 mm. They have good crystallinity with a χ min value of 1.8% determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, grains with areas as large as 5×5 mm confirmed by X-ray topography, and excellent surface morphology with unit-cell steps which were observed by atomic force microscopy. However, approximately one unit-cell-thick degraded layer on the surface, which was observed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, presents problems which must be resolved. These analyses indicate that YBa 2 Cu 3 O x single crystal grown by the pulling method is a promising substrate material for homoepitaxial growth.
Spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma. (1976)

Case of spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma continue to occur in the present multimodal therapy era at institutions where physicians are prepared to withhold treatment on certain patients with residual primary or metastatic disease. From a survey of the 22 member institutions of Children's Cancer Study Group, seven hospitals submitted data on 24 neuroblastoma patients whose disease underwent regression after minimal, unusual, or no treatment. An analysis of these patients and of 33 patients form two large series in the literature shows that the majority of patients are infants with Stage II or Stage IVS disease. The spontaneous regression usually consists of complete disappearance of the disease, but in some neuroblastomas, maturation to ganglioneuroma takes place. The various factors that may influence regression are discussed.
Making new mortgage markets: Case studies of institutions, home buyers, and communities (2000)

Abstract America's housing and mortgage markets are undergoing a dramatic transformation, as urban reinvestment and attempts to tap underserved markets of new homeowners alter historical processes of redlining and discrimination. This article synthesizes findings from case studies of private lenders, lender consortia, and nonprofit community organizations that are active in underserved markets and analyzes the strategies these organizations use to attract and qualify mortgage applicants and retain new homeowners. The case studies reveal a diverse array of strategies designed to address market imperfections related to information, discrimination, and household financial characteristics. Although these strategies expand homeownership opportunities, challenges remain. They reflect inherent tensions between the industry trend toward standardized, efficient business practices and the customized, often expensive programs needed to address the multiple obstacles to homeownership and community development faced by underserved households and communities. They also reflect the historically unequal distribution of risks and rewards in America's central socioeconomic institution—homeownership.
Was Your Mother Right— (2002)

Information about reprints can be found online at: Reprints: document. Permissions and Rights Question and Answer this process is available in the click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the EditorialCirculationin Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally publishedPermissions: by guest on March 4,