gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I proteins in exosomes from HAM/TSP patient CSF by novel nanotrap technology (I7-5E) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of viral proteins in the CSF of patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) BACKGROUND: There has been increasing evidence for the role of microvesicles (MV) in CNS inflammation and viral disease. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neuroinflammatory disease that affects a subset of virus-infected infected individuals. This disorder is immunopathologically mediated since virus -specific immune cells can be found in both the CSF and in the CNS of patients although HTLV-I virus has been difficult to isolate in CNS resident cells. The possibility of transfer of viral proteins via MV from viral reservoirs to uninfected cells in the absence of virus is an intriguing mechanism by which this can occur. Recently, HTLV-1 tax proteins have been shown in exosomes (EX) from HTLV-1 infected cell lines (Jaworksi et al 2014). Therefore, we examined if similar MV were present in the CNS of HAM/TSP patients. DESIGN/METHODS: HTLV-1 infected and uninfected cell line supernatants were used for isolation of EX and MV by a novel nanotrap (NT) technology. These NTs are hydrogel particles consisting of high affinity aromatic baits surrounded by a sieving shell. HTLV-I viral proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. HTLV-I virions were detected by RT-qPCR. In addition, EXs were isolated using this EX-NT from CSF of HAM/TSP patients and MS patients as controls. RESULTS: Exosomes were successfully isolated specifically from HTLV-1 infected cell lines that contained HTLV-I tax protein but lacked HTLV-I virions. Moreover, CSF from HAM/TSP patients and not from MS, also demonstrated exosomes that were HTLV-I tax Western blot positive. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the possibility that HTLV-I protein present in virus-free CSF can be a potential source of antigen in an inflammatory neuropathological disease.
High performance natural language processing on semantic network array processor (1991)

This paper describes a natural language processing system developed for the Semantic Network Array Processor (SNAP). The goal of our work is to develop a scalable and high-performance natural language processing system which utilizes the high degree of parallelism provided by the SNAP machine. We have implemented an experimental machine translation system as a central part of a realtime speech-to-speech dialogue translation system. It is a SNAP version of the DMDIAIOG speech-tospeech translation system. Memory-based natural language processing and syntactic constraint network model has been incorporated using parallel marker-passing which is directly supported from hardware level. Experimental results demonstrate that the parsing of a sentence is done in the order of milliseconds. 1
Prediction of fetal anemia in rhesus disease by measurement of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (2004)

Measurement of fetal MCA-PSV is a useful method of assessing fetal anemia. In the clinical management of isoimmunized pregnancies a cut-off in MCA-PSV of mean + 1.5 SDs can identify nearly all severely anemic fetuses with a low false-positive rate.
Comparison of three cell fixation methods for high content analysis assays utilizing quantum dots (2008)

Semiconductor nanoparticles or quantum dots are being increasingly utilized as fluorescent probes in cell biology both in live and fixed cell assays. Quantum dots possess an immense potential for use in multiplexing assays that can be run on high content screening analysers. Depending on the nature of the biological target under investigation, experiments are frequently required on cells retaining an intact cell membrane or also on those that have been fixed and permeabilized to expose intracellular antigens. Fixation of cell lines before or after the addition of quantum dots may affect their localization, emission properties and stability. Using a high content analysis platform we perform a quantitative comparative analysis of three common fixation techniques in two different cell lines exposed to carboxylic acid stabilized CdTe quantum dots. Our study demonstrates that in prefixed and permeabilized cells, quantum dots are readily internalized regardless of cell type, and their intracellular location is primarily determined by the properties of the quantum dots themselves. However, if the fixation procedures are preformed on live cells previously incubated with quantum dots, other important factors have to be considered. The choice of the fixative significantly influences the fluorescent characteristics of the quantum dots. Fixatives, regardless of their chemical nature, negatively affected quantum dots fluorescence intensity. Comparative analysis of gluteraldehyde, methanol and paraformaldehyde demonstrated that 2% paraformaldehyde was the fixative of choice. The presence of protein in the media did not significantly alter the quantum dot fluorescence. This study indicates that multiplexing assays utilizing quantum dots, despite being a cutting edge tool for high content cell imaging, still require careful consideration of the basic steps in biological sample processing.
Centrifugal Compressor Working Fluids for Refrigeration Cycle (2009)

A centrifugal high-speed compressor is an effective light weight option to power a refrigeration cycle for air conditioning purposes. Perhaps the most important decision in design is the working fluid selection. Modern high-speed technology makes it possible for the refrigeration compressor to be completely oil free, which considerably broadens the scale of possible working fluids. Furthermore, many traditional fluids have become banned and the industry standard R134a might face the same faith in some European countries because of its relatively high global warming potential. In this study eleven different fluids were studied and compared and R22 was used as a reference. It was found that there are many potential fluids for centrifugal compressors that provide better efficiencies than the most common fluids in use today. The purpose of this study is to initially screen a larger set of candidate fluids for more accurate estimation later on. The fluids are evaluated by the efficiency of the cycle, but also mechanical feasibility and dimensions are considered as light weight of the machinery was an important criterion in design process. The comparison was made with constant evaporation and condensation temperature and fixed cooling power for all the fluids. In selection of the working fluid the safety factors often play a dominant role which was also shortly considered. In our study we found out that for a residential HVAC size cooling cycle there are environmentally friendly fluids with high efficiency leading to feasible mechanical designs with centrifugal compressors.
Cloning and Characterization of the Acidic Ribosomal Protein P2 ofCryptosporidium parvum, a New 17-Kilodalton Antigen (2010)

Cryptosporidium infection is commonly observed among children and immunocompromised individuals in developing countries, but large-scale outbreaks of disease among adults have not been reported. In contrast, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in the United States and Canada are increasingly common among patients of all ages. Thus, it seems likely that residents of regions where Cryptosporidium is highly endemic acquire some level of immunity, while residents of the developed world do not. A new immunodominant Cryptosporidium parvum antigen in the 15- to 17-kDa size range was identified as the Cryptosporidium parvum 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 (CpP2). We developed a recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serologic population surveillance for antibodies that was 89% sensitive and 92% specific relative to the results of the large-format Western blot assay. The human IgG response is directed almost exclusively toward the highly conserved, carboxy-terminal 15 amino acids of the protein. Although IgG antibody cross-reactivity was documented with sera from patients with acute babesiosis, the development of an anti-CpP2 antibody response in our Peru study population correlated better with Cryptosporidium infection than with infection by any other parasitic protozoan. In Haiti, the prevalence of antibodies to CpP2 plateaus at 11 to 20 years of age. Because anti-CpP2 IgG antibodies were found only among residents of countries in the developing world where Cryptosporidium infection occurs early and often, we propose that this response may be a proxy for the intensity of infection and for acquired immunity.
Calibration of micro and nanorobotic systems : Contribution of influential parameters to the geometric accuracy. (2013)

High accuracy is usually the necessary condition of the system performance. However, there are many sources of inaccuracy acting on microrobotic systems. At the microscale, there are difficulties to accurately measure the performances (positioning accuracy) of the micro-nano robots and to characterize the influences of the imperfections. The calibration of microrobotic systems combining all these sources is rarely studied and their relative importance remains unknown. The originalities and contributions of this thesis lie in two aspect: 1. characterization of micro-nano robots performances and influences of imperfections; 2. dealing with performance improvements of micro-nano robots based on different kinds of models.
Relaxin receptor deficiency promotes vascular inflammation and impairs outward remodeling in arteriovenous fistulas (2018)

The pathophysiology of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure is not completely understood but impaired outward remodeling (OR) and intimal hyperplasia are thought to be contributors. This adverse vascular response after AVF surgery results from interplay between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory cells. Relaxin (RLN) is a hormone that acts on the vasculature via interaction with RLN/insulin-like peptide family receptor 1 (RXFP1), resulting in vasodilatation, ECM remodeling, and decreased inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the consequences of RXFP1 knockout ( Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup>) on AVF maturation in a murine model of AVF failure. Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice showed a 22% decrease in vessel size at the venous outflow tract 14 d after AVF surgery. Furthermore, a 43% increase in elastin content was observed in the lesions of Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice and coincided with a 41% reduction in elastase activity. In addition, Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice displayed a 6-fold increase in CD45<sup>+</sup> leukocytes, along with a 2-fold increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) levels, when compared with wild-type mice. In vitro, VSMCs from Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice exhibited a synthetic phenotype, as illustrated by augmentation of collagen, fibronectin, TGF-β, and platelet-derived growth factor mRNA. In addition, VSMCs derived from Rxfp1<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice showed a 5-fold increase in cell migration. Finally, RXFP1 and RLN expression levels were increased in human AVFs when compared with unoperated cephalic veins. In conclusion, RXFP1 deficiency hampers elastin degradation and results in induced vascular inflammation after AVF surgery. These processes impair OR in murine AVF, suggesting that the RLN axis could be a potential therapeutic target for promoting AVF maturation.-Bezhaeva, T., de Vries, M. R., Geelhoed, W. J., van der Veer, E. P., Versteeg, S., van Alem, C. M. A., Voorzaat, B. M., Eijkelkamp, N., van der Bogt, K. E., Agoulnik, A. I., van Zonneveld, A.-J., Quax, P. H. A., Rotmans, J. I. Relaxin receptor deficiency promotes vascular inflammation and impairs outward remodeling in arteriovenous fistulas.
A sparse knapsack algo-tech-cuit and its synthesis (2002)

We systematically derive an improved algorithm (called the sparse algorithm) for the general knapsack problem which has better average case performance than the standard (dense) dynamic programming algorithm. The derivation is based on transformation of the standard recurrences into stream functional programs, and cannot be achieved by the usual space-time mapping techniques because the dependencies are statically unpredictable. Furthermore such a sparse algorithm for the general knapsack problem has not been proposed in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. We also implement the sparse algorithm on a linear asynchronous array with constant size memory on each PE (i.e., a wavefront array processor). Using LPGS partitioning, the algorithm can run on an arbitrary size ring and has optimal time speedup.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA Exposure to Buckminsterfullerene (C60): Toward DNA Stability, Reactivity, and Replication (2011)

Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) has received great research interest due to its extraordinary properties and increasing applications in manufacturing industry and biomedical technology. We recently reported C(60) could enter bacterial cells and bind to DNA molecules. This study was to further determine how the DNA-C(60) binding affected the thermal stability and enzymatic digestion of DNA molecules, and DNA mutations. Nano-C(60) aggregates and water-soluble fullerenols were synthesized and their impact on DNA biochemical and microbial activity was investigated. Our results revealed that water-soluble fullerenols could bind to lambda DNA and improve DNA stability remarkably against thermal degradation at 70-85 °C in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I and HindIII restriction endonuclease activities were inhibited after interacting with fullerenols at a high dose. Experimental results also showed the different influence of fullerenol and nano-C(60) on their antibacterial mechanisms, where fullerenols contributed considerable impact on cell damage and mutation rate. This preliminary study indicated that the application of fullerenols results in significant changes in the physical structures and biochemical functions of DNA molecules.
Inclined landing testing of an omni-directional unmanned aerial vehicle (2018)

Traditional multi-rotors and helicopters control translational movement by changing the orientation of the entire vehicle. This approach limits the effectiveness of these vehicles in applications — such as a mobile manipulator base — in which it is often necessary to fly near large structures where unpredictable aerodynamic conditions exist. Maintaining precise control of position requires counteracting disturbance forces quickly. Having to roll and pitch the entire vehicle induces a delay that limits the ability of traditional multi-rotors and helicopters to maintain position precisely. Additionally, a mobile base must be capable of resisting arbitrary combinations of force and torque resulting from use of a manipulator arm. Traditional multi-rotors and helicopters do not have this ability. This paper presents a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) concept that features the addition of four rotors orthogonal to the main lift rotors of a traditional quadrotor design. These rotors allow decoupling of orientation from translational movement. Tests done on a physical prototype demonstrated the ability to sustain roll or pitch angles up to 15° independent of translational movement, including the ability to move backwards at an angle and to dock on inclined surfaces in a controlled manner. The tests show that the OmniCopter can successfully land on surfaces with up to 30° inclination. This type of motion is impossible for a traditional multi-rotor vehicle.
Structural Expansion and the Cost of Global Isomorphism (2002)

Central governments have expanded over time across all regions in both ministerial and fiscal scales. However, it has not been shown empirically whether the structural expansion of central government is even a world-wide phenomenon. By studying both ministerial and fiscal expansion of 116 sovereign nation-states from 1950 to 1990, this study empirically demonstrates the global nature of governmental expansion and further examines its implication for national development using two-way random effects GLS models. Results clearly indicate that the cost of a large governmental structure is overwhelming and the expansion of central government has not been beneficial for national development across all nation-states. Negative effects are especially strong for relatively new and less developed nation-states that use ministerial structures as a form of expressing their stateness to obtain international legitimation.
Insulin-sensitive obesity (2010)

The association between obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity has long been recognized, although a subgroup of obese individuals seems to be protected from insulin resistance. In this study, we systematically studied differences in adipose tissue biology between insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals with morbid obesity. On the basis of glucose infusion rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, 60 individuals with a BMI of 45 +/- 1.3 kg/m(2) were divided into an IS and IR group matched for age, sex, and body fat prior to elective surgery. We measured fat distribution, circulating adipokines, and parameters of inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism and characterized adipose tissue morphology, function, and mRNA expression in abdominal subcutaneous (sc) and omental fat. IS compared with IR obese individuals have significantly lower visceral fat area (138 +/- 27 vs. 316 +/- 91 cm(2)), number of macrophages in omental adipose tissue (4.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 13.2 +/- 1.4%), mean omental adipocyte size (528 +/- 76 vs. 715 +/- 81 pl), circulating C-reactive protein, progranulin, chemerin, and retinol-binding protein-4 (all P values <0.05), and higher serum adiponectin (6.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml) and omental adipocyte insulin sensitivity (all P values <0.01). The strongest predictors of insulin sensitivity by far were macrophage infiltration together with circulating adiponectin (r(2) = 0.98, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, independently of total body fat mass, increased visceral fat accumulation and adipose tissue dysfunction are associated with IR obesity. This suggests that mechanisms beyond a positive caloric balance such as inflammation and adipokine release determine the pathological metabolic consequences in patients with obesity.
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis and Photolysis of 3,3,5,5-Tetramethylpyrazolin-4-one - A Matrix Isolation Study (2000)

The flash vacuum pyrolysis of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrazolin-4-one (4) with subsequent trapping of the products in argon at 10 K results in the formation of a complex product mixture with tetramethylcyclopropanone (5) as one of the minor constituents. The 193 nm photochemistry of matrix-isolated 4 is much cleaner, yielding cyclopropanone 5 and allene oxide 9 as the major products. The reaction of tetramethylallene 13 with oxygen atoms yields the same product mixture of 5 and 9 and thus provides an independent route to these species. The experimental IR spectra of 5 and 9 are in good agreement with the results from DFT calculations.
The Muses CN Rover (1998)

This paper will describe the scope and the state of the JPL MUSES CN rover design. The following topics will be included: 1) rover system description and its intended operations on the surface of the asteroid, 2) rover electrical subsystems and 3) rover mechanical subsystems.
Non ictal onset zone: A window to ictal dynamics (2017)

The focal and network concepts of epilepsy present different aspects of electroclinical phenomenon of seizures. Here, we present a 23-year-old man undergoing surgical evaluation with left fronto-temporal electrocorticography (ECoG) and microelectrode-array (MEA) in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). We compare action-potential (AP) and local field potentials (LFP) recorded from MEA with ECoG. Seizure onset in the mesial-temporal lobe was characterized by changes in the pattern of AP-firing without clear changes in LFP or ECoG in MTG. This suggests simultaneous analysis of neuronal activity in differing spatial scales and frequency ranges provide complementary insights into how focal and network neurophysiological activity contribute to ictal activity.
Detection and discrimination of alcohol vapours using single-step anodised nanoporous alumina sensors (2008)

The electrical response of single-step anodised alumina sensors to alcohol vapours containing one to four carbon atoms has been studied. In this investigation, the real and imaginary impedance components have been measured in response to the equilibrium saturation vapour pressure of methanol, ethanol, butanol and two structural isomers of propanol. The response to each type of alcohol produces characteristic impedance spectra that allow discrimination and possible recognition of each alcohol.
Radiopharmaceutical chemistry of targeted radiotherapeutics, Part 2: radiolytic effects of 211At alpha-particles influence N-succinimidyl 3-211AT-astatobenzoate synthesis. (2005)

Radiolytic factors can play an important role in the synthesis of clinical-level activities of (211)At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, necessitating the development of reaction conditions different from those that are used successfully at lower activity levels.
Monitoring human health behaviour in one's living environment: A technological review (2013)

The electronic monitoring of human health behaviour using computer techniques has been an active research area for the past few decades. A wide array of different approaches have been investigated using various technologies including inertial sensors, Global Positioning System, smart homes, Radio Frequency IDentification and others. It is only in recent years that research has turned towards a sensor fusion approach using several different technologies in single systems or devices. These systems allow for an increased volume of data to be collected and for activity data to be better used as measures of behaviour. This change may be due to decreasing hardware costs, smaller sensors, increased power efficiency or increases in portability. This paper is intended to act as a reference for the design of multi-sensor behaviour monitoring systems. The range of technologies that have been used in isolation for behaviour monitoring both in research and commercial devices are reviewed and discussed. Filtering, range, sensitivity, usability and other considerations of different technologies are discussed. A brief overview of commercially available activity monitors and their technology is also included.