gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical considerations on aperiodic sinusoidal fringes in comparison to phase-shifted sinusoidal fringes for high-speed three-dimensional shape measurement (2015)

The demand for optically reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) surface shape of moving objects or deformation processes makes the development of high-speed projectors necessary. Our 3D sensor containing an array projector can achieve frame rates of several tens of kilohertz and is based on the projection of aperiodic sinusoidal fringes. This approach is compared with phase-shifting fringe projection as probably the most widely used technique. Theoretical considerations as well as extensive simulations are conducted to derive criteria for the design of optimal sequences of aperiodic sinusoidal fringes and to compare the number of patterns of both approaches necessary for comparable accuracies.
Plasma polymerization – a new and promising way for the corrosion protection of steel (1998)

In this paper the glow discharge process is used for the deposition of ultrathin (d>10 nm) plasma polymers on iron specimens. The plasma polymer serves as an interfacial polymeric layer between the passive iron surface and a conventional pigment free water based 1-component primer. Samples were fixed in the grounded electrode of an audio frequency discharge (4 kHz). Cleaning of the iron surface was achieved by an oxygen plasma treatment and plasma polymers were deposited from a mixture of hexamethyldisilane ((CH3)3Si-Si(CH3)3) and argon. The modification of the surface structure was investigated by the use of quartz crystal microweighing (QCM) and infrared spectroscopy under grazing incidence (IRRAS) as in-situ methods. Both the iron oxide as well as the plasma polymer are characterized in detail by infrared spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion performance of primer coated samples was tested according to the kinetics of cathodic delamination which was measured in-situ by the Scanning Kelvinprobe (SKP). While the pure oxygen plasma treatment, leading to a contamination free and thickened oxide layer, does not influence the delamination kinetics the existence of an only 5 nm thick plasma polymer at the metal-primer interface leads to a significantly decreased rate of undermining. Plasmapolymerisation – Ein neuartiger und vielversprechender Weg für den Korrosionsschutz von Stahl In diesem Beitrag wird das Verfahren der Glimmentladung zur Deposition ultradünner Plasmapolymere auf Eisensubstraten genutzt. Das Plasmapolymer dient als ultradünne Grenzflächenphase zwischen der passiven Eisenoberfläche und einem konventionellen pigmentfreien Einkomponenten Autoreparaturlack auf Wasserbasis. Die Proben wurden in die geerdete Elektrode einer Audiofrequenzentladung (4 kHz) eingebaut. Die Reinigung des Substrats wurde durch ein Sauerstoffplasma erzielt und die Abscheidung der Plasmapolymere erfolgte aus einer Mischung aus Hexamethyldisilian ((CH3)3Si-Si(CH3)3) und Argon. Die Modifizierung der Eisenoberfläche wurde mittels des Einsatzes der Schwingquarzmikrowägung und der Infrarotspektroskopie unter streifendem Einfall als in-situ Techniken untersucht. Sowohl die Eisenoxidschicht als auch das Plasmapolymer wurden mittels der Infrarotspektroskopie und der Photoelektronenspektroskopie im Detail charakterisiert. Die Korrosionseigenschaften lackierter Proben wurden anhand der mittels der Raster Kelvinsonde gemessenen Kinetik der kathodischen Unterwanderung evaluiert. Während die alleinige Behandlung der Eisenoberfläche durch ein Sauerstoffplasma, das zu einer von Kontaminationen freien verdickten Oxidschicht führt, keinen Einfluß auf die Unterwanderungskinetik hat, konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Anwesenheit eines nur 5 nm dicken Plasmapolymers an der Grenzfläche Metall/Lack zu einer signifikanten Absenkung der Unterwanderungsgeschwindigkeit führt.
<title>Design of external cavities for vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers</title> (1993)

High power density can be obtained from vertical-cavity surface emitting semiconductor lasers (VCSELs), but the emitting area must be kept small if spatial coherence is desired. We present the result of a theoretical and calculational study of the possibility of placing the gain regions of VCSELs in external cavities to provide mode control over a larger area. A Fabry-Perot or stable resonator with very low loss is required. Several configurations are discussed and evaluated. A ring cavity is the most practical due to its relative lack of sensitivity to misalignment of the mirrors.
Conventional and molecular breeding for disease resistance in chickpea: status and strategies (2022)

Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is an important grain legume at the global level. Among different biotic stresses, diseases are the most important factor limiting its production, causing yield losses up to 100% in severe condition. The major diseases that adversely affect yield of chickpea include Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight and Botrytis gray mold. However, dry root rot, collar rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, rust, stunt disease and phyllody have been noted as emerging biotic threats to chickpea production in many production regions. Identification and incorporation of different morphological and biochemical traits are required through breeding to enhance genetic gain for disease resistance. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the development of trait-specific breeding lines, genetic and genomic resources in chickpea. Advances in genomics technologies have opened up new avenues to introgress genes from secondary and tertiary gene pools for improving disease resistance in chickpea. In this review, we have discussed important diseases, constraints and improvement strategies for enhancing disease resistance in chickpea.
Indirect Estimation of Pediatric Between-Individual Biological Variation Data for 22 Common Serum Biochemistries (2015)

These data are comparable to those reported by the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals study and the Ricos database for adults. This study reports the CVg trends and data for boys and girls by year of age, which have not been described previously.
A highly recyclable dip-catalyst produced from palladium nanoparticle-embedded bacterial cellulose and plant fibers (2018)

Bacterial cellulose loaded with palladium was fabricated into a sheet-like dip-catalyst through compositing with plant fibers.
Effects of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative on the Quality, Abundance, and Configuration of Wildlife Habitats (2006)

Abstract We analyzed the effects of landscape measures within the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) program on the suitability, abundance and spatial pattern of vertebrate habitats based on modeling and simulation of landscape and stand structure in a forested watershed in East Texas. Eight vertebrate species representing guilds established according to breeding and foraging requirements were selected: American beaver (Castor canadensis), American woodcock (Scolopax minor), pine warbler (Dendroicapinus), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), barred owl (Strix varia), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Habitat suitability of the landscape in general increased with the implementation of SFI measures and habitat conditions were more diverse and even. Fragmentation and establishment of narrow and elongated habitat areas in a network configuration were the main consequences of the implementation of SFI measures in terms of habitat spatial structure. These changes were usually not limiting for the species analyzed. Mature pine and hardwood stands were absent from the simulated landscapes limiting the habitat for species like downy woodpecker or barred owl. Most of the species considered in this work benefited particularly from the implementation of streamside management zones (SMZs).
Cholinergic Neurons in Nucleus Subputaminalis in Primary Progressive Aphasia (2019)

Regardless of underlying pathology, all cases presenting with PPA showed a marked loss of cholinergic neurons in the NSP, providing further evidence for the importance of this nucleus in language function.
Improved MUSIC by Exploiting Both Real and Complex Sources (2006)

It is shown in [1] that when all the incoming signals are sent by non-circular AM/BPSK sources, the DOA estimation accuracy as well as the maximum number of detectable signals can be dramatically increased. However, it is more realistic that some users send non-circular symbols while other users still send circular symbols. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to cope with this more general scenario. The proposed algorithm can still make use of the existing non-circular signals to increase the maximum number of detectable signals as well as to improve the performance accuracy compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm. Moreover, the spatial smoothing technique related with the new model is developed. The results of the computer simulations clearly show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Organoactinide carbonylation and carboxylation chemistry. Structural electronic, bond energy, and photochemical effects on migratory insertion in the tris(cyclopentadienyl)thorium hydrocarbyl series (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoactinide carbonylation and carboxylation chemistry. Structural electronic, bond energy, and photochemical effects on migratory insertion in the tris(cyclopentadienyl)thorium hydrocarbyl seriesDavid C. Sonnenberger, Eric A. Mintz, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 12, 3484–3491Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00324a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00324a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser-assisted nanoimprinting using self-assembled nanoparticles (2004)

A new approach to fabricating hemispherical-cavity arrays on silicon substrates using laser-assisted nanoimprinting of self-assembled particles has been developed. Monolayers of silica or polystyrene particles, with different diameters ranging from 160 nm to 5 /spl mu/m, were deposited on silicon substrates by self-assembly. A quartz plate, which is transparent to the laser wavelength of 248 nm, was tightly placed on the surface of each sample, which has been preheated. A KrF excimer laser beam with a wavelength of 248 nm was vertically irradiated on the quartz / nanoparticle / silicon structure. The silica particles were imprinted into silicon substrates by the quartz due to the transient Si surface melting during the laser irradiation. Ultrasonic cleaning and hydrofluoric-acid (HF) solution were then used to remove the silica particles. Hemispherical cavities on the silicon substrate were formed on the substrate surface. The effects of silica particle size, different laser fluence, laser pulse number and substrate temperature will be discussed in detail. It was found that polystyrene particles could not be used for the laser-assisted imprinting due to their low melting point. Raman spectroscopy will be used to analyze the material properties in the fabricated structures. Periodical multiple-layer structures (3-D structures) will also be made on silicon substrates.
The comparison of programming languages (1968)

This paper presents some results of research into the nature of computer programming languages. One purpose of this research was to develop methods for describing programming languages so that fundamental similarities (and differences) are made explicit in a form that allows languages to be compared easily. Although one must consider fundamental properties in order to make insightful comparisons of languages, it is by no means sufficient to have just a means of describing purported “fundamental” aspects of languages, since the fundamental nature of programming languages is, to say the least, open to question. Hence it is also necessary to have a theoretical framework that can be used to prove or disprove the existence of hypothesized fundamental aspects of programming languages. Without such a framework, findings about programming languages have the status of personal opinions that are difficult to prove right or wrong. Moreover, the use of a theoretical framework forces us to make explicit our assumptions about programming languages, and we can therefore better avoid the use of inconsistent or inappropriate assumptions. Hence, in this paper we consider how programming languages might be represented so that insightful comparisons of fundamental properties can be made, and we present the beginnings of a suitable explicit theoretical framework.
The Pyrolysis of Poly(Ferrocenylsilanes): Metal Containing Ceramics and Small Molecules (1994)

Abstract High molecular weight poly(ferrocenylsilanes) have been pyrolyzed under nitrogen, air and in vacuum to yield magnetic ceramics and interesting small molecule products. The characteristics of the materials produced in these reactions is discussed.
Theoretical description of the intensity of crystal-truncation-rod scattering modulated by a Bragg reflection (2011)

Modulation of the intensity of crystal-truncation-rod (CTR) scattering caused by a Bragg reflection, which is a multiple-wave X-ray diffraction phenomenon, is generally formulated. This phenomenon is sensitive to the phase of the CTR scattering amplitude, and can be used to investigate mesoscopic-scale small strain field in a crystal, which can be difficult to be found by only intensity measurement of the CTR scattering around a Bragg point. Conditions are presented under which a strain field gives only a slight change in the intensity of CTR scattering but largely affects the phase of it. We demonstrate analytically that, even in such a case, the strain field can be investigated by measurement of the intensity of CTR scattering modulated by a Bragg reflection.
A model-driven approach for predicting and analysing the execution efficiency of multi-core processing (2017)

Techniques for predicting the efficiency of multi-core processing associated with a set of tasks with varied CPU and main memory requirements are introduced. Prediction of CPU and memory availability is important in the context of making process assignment, load balancing, and scheduling decisions in distributed systems. Given a set of tasks each with varied CPU and main memory requirements, and a multi-core system (which generally has fewer cores than the number of tasks), we provide upper- and lower-bound models (formulas) for the efficiency with which the tasks are executed. In addition, a model for average CPU availability is introduced from the empirical study for applications that require a single predicted value instead of bounds. To facilitate scientific and controlled empirical evaluation, real-world benchmark programs with dynamic behaviour (CPU and memory requirements change in a short interval of time) are employed on UNIX systems that are parameterised by their CPU usage factor and memory requirement.
Ordered arrangement of F4TCNQ anions in three-dimensionally oriented P3HT thin films (2020)

An ordered arrangement of electron-accepting molecular dopant, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), in three-dimensionally (3D) oriented poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film was clarified. The 3D oriented P3HT thin films prepared by the friction-transfer technique were doped with F4TCNQ by dipping into an acetonitrile solution. The presence of F4TCNQ anions in the 3D oriented P3HT thin films was investigated by polarized ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry, polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and infrared p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectroscopy (pMAIRS). The F4TCNQ-doped 3D oriented P3HT films showed anisotropic properties in all characterizations. In particular, the anisotropic molecular vibrations from polarized FT-IR and pMAIRS have clearly revealed orientations of polymeric chains and molecular dopant molecules. Considering the results from several independent techniques indicated that F4TCNQ anions in the 3D oriented P3HT were orderly arranged in a 3D manner with respect to the 3D oriented P3HT such that their molecular long-axis parallel to the P3HT backbone, with in-plane molecular orientation. Additionally, the direction of the optical transition moment of the F4TCNQ anion was found to be parallel to the molecular short-axis.
Realization of High Fidelity Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Capability Using a MW-Scale Motor-Generator Set (2019)

Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is a vital technique for realistic testing of prototype systems. While the application of power electronics-based amplifiers to enable PHIL capability has been widely reported, the use of motor-generator (MG) sets as the PHIL interfaces has not been fully investigated. This article presents the realization of the first MW-scale PHIL setup using an MG set as the power amplifier, which offers a promising solution for testing novel systems for the integration of distributed energy resources. Uniquely, this article presents a methodology that introduces augmented frequency and phase control loops that can be integrated to commercially-available MG set's existing frequency controller for precise frequency and phase tracking. Internal model control is used for the controllers design and tuning. The developed control algorithm is tested in a MW-scale MG set that couples a Great Britain (GB) transmission network model simulated in a real time simulator to an 11 kV distribution network. Experimental results are presented, which demonstrate that the proposed control methodology is highly effective in maintaining the synchronization between the simulated and physical systems, thereby capable of enabling the MG set as a PHIL interface.
ENERGY ABSORBING BRIDGE RAIL (1979)

In August of 1976, the Maine Department of Transportation (MDOT) entered into an agreement with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under contract DOT-FH-15-199 to retrofit an existing retainment system on an off ramp with a high energy type absorbing rail system. The location was an off ramp of I-395 in Bangor, Maine, which consisted of a compound curve where numerous vehicle-rail collisions had occurred. This report describes the methods used and problems encountered during both the modification of the existing structure and the retrofitting of the energy absorbing system. Also included are cost data for the various phases of the overall project such as Materials Costs, Preliminary Engineering, Construction Engineering, Construction Costs and approximate overall costs. (Authors)
A convenient incorporation of conformationally constrained 5,5‐dimethylproline into the ribonuclease A 89–124 sequence by condensation of synthetic peptide fragments (2003)

The presence of l-5,5-dimethylproline (dmP) within an amino acid sequence results in the formation of an X-dmP peptide bond predominantly locked in a cis conformation. However, the common use of this unnatural amino acid has been hampered by the difficulty of the economical incorporation of the dmP residue into longer peptide segments due to the steric hindrance imposed by the dimethyl moieties. Here, we describe synthesis of the C-terminal 36-residue peptide, corresponding to the 89-124 sequence of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A), in which dmP is incorporated as a substitute for Pro93. The peptide was assembled by condensation of protected 5- and 31-residue peptide fragments, which were synthesized by solid-phase peptide methodology using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry. We focused on optimizing the synthesis of the Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Tyr(tBu)-dmP-OH pentapeptide (residues 89-93) with efficient acylation of the sterically hindered dmP residue. In a comparative study, the reagent O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate was found to be superior to bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate and tetramethylfluoroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate for the synthesis of the -Tyr(tBu)-dmP- peptide bond in solution as well as on a resin.
Alpha- and Beta-Synucleins mRNA Expression in Lymphocytes of Schizophrenia Patients (2010)

Alpha-synuclein is largely, but not entirely, expressed in the central nervous system. A high concentration of alpha-synuclein in presynaptic terminals can mimic the normal function of endogenous alpha-synuclein in regulating synaptic vesicle mobilization at nerve terminals. Beta-synuclein protein is seen primarily in brain tissue and it is suggested that beta-synuclein acts as an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the role of synucleins in neurologic diseases such as Parkinson's disease, we decided to study the changes of alpha- and beta-synucleins in schizophrenia patients in relation to a control group. For this purpose, total RNA was extracted from the lymphocytes of patients and controls and then cDNA was synthesized and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction. Calculation of the relative expression of alpha- and beta-synucleins showed downregulation in patients in comparison to the control group. Independent two-tailed t-test showed that beta-synuclein mRNA expression in the control group was significantly higher than that in the patient group (p < 0.01), but downregulation of alpha-synuclein gene was not significant. Therefore, a significant downregulation of beta-synuclein mRNA expression appears to be a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Stretching calorimetry and X‐ray characterization of deformational behavior of new high molecular weight propene‐carbon monoxide alternating co‐ and terpolymers (1999)

Structure, properties, and deformation behavior of a high molecular weight propene-CO alternating copolymer (ElPCO 200) and ethene-CO/propene-CO terpolymers (EPEC 1; E-CO = 47% and EPEC 2; E-CO = 69%) were investigated. The terpolymer with high molar ratio of ethene-CO to propene-CO (EPEC 2) is a typical thermoplastic and reveals relatively high crystallinity, while the terpolymer of lower content of ethene-CO groups (EPEC 1) and the propene-CO copolymer (ElPCO 200) exhibit elastomeric behavior. In spite of the possible random stereo- and regioregularity, the propene-CO chains crystallize with regular 3/1 chain conformation. According to X-ray data the synthesized terpolymers consist of blocks of propene-CO segments and blocks enriched with ethene-CO groups. The main structural changes at deformation were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and deformation calorimetry. It is established that the large reversible deformation of the samples studied is determined mostly by the amorphous regions. Deformation calorimetry results, treated according to the modern theory of thermoelasticty of rubber-like materials, showed that the energy contribution (ΔU/W)V,T and the temperature coefficient of the unperturbed dimension of chains d ln 〈r2〉0/dT are more negative than for PE and PP, which seems quite reasonable owing to the chemical structure of the 1,4-polyketone macromolecules.