gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional variations in ex-vivo diffusion tensor anisotropy are associated with cardiomyocyte remodeling in rats after left ventricular pressure overload (2020)

These results show that structural remodeling in pressure overload LV hypertrophy is regionally heterogeneous, especially transmurally, with a greater degree of remodeling in the sub-endocardium compared to the sub-epicardium. Additionally, several parameters derived from DTI correlated significantly with measurements of myocyte geometry from direct measurement in histological sections. We suggest that DTI may provide a non-invasive, comprehensive method to detect regional structural myocyte LV remodeling during disease.
Development of a stretchable skin-like tactile sensor based on polymeric composites (2009)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel tactile skin-like sensor with the capability of detecting at the same time external mechanical stimuli like pressure and shear strain and that possesses some of the intrinsic properties of human skin, like extensibility, flexibility and compliance. The proposed sensor is resistive based and integrates two sensing parts built by means of electrically conductive polymer composites and elastic metallic thin films. The final prototype consists of a 1.5 mm silicone-Carbon Black (at 23.6%) layer on which a stretchable 90 nm Au thin film is deposited by providing a 20% bidirectional substrate stretching before Au deposition. Compression tests showed high values (70 k¿-80 k£2) of the electrical resistance, that decreases quite regularly with the pressure (in the range of 0 N/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -0.16 N/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). In parallel, from shear strain testing, a low range of electrical resistance (20 ¿-70 ¿) from the extension and release phase was measured having a quite regular trend, increasing with the applied strain which reached 14%. The preliminary experimental analysis indicates that the new tactile skin-sensor can detect mechanical stimuli (e.g. pressure and shear strain) in a decoupled way through cross measurement of electrical resistance and it can be used for skin-like tactile arrays.
Persistent arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction following successful pancreas–kidney transplantation in Type 1 diabetes (2009)

T1DM patients after SPK experience arterial stiffness, a higher heart-rate and blood pressure, reduced stroke volume and serological signs of endothelial dysfunction. Thus, functional and structural cardiovascular alterations as a result of glucotoxicity, uraemia and hypertension in T1DM might not be completely resolved by SPK.
Magnetotransport through graphene nanoribbons (2010)

We investigate magnetotransport through graphene nanoribbons as a function of gate and bias voltage, and temperature. We find that a magnetic field systematically leads to an increase in the conductance on a scale of a few tesla. This phenomenon is accompanied by a decrease in the energy scales associated to charging effects, and to hopping processes probed by temperature-dependent measurements. All the observations can be interpreted consistently in terms of strong-localization effects caused by the large disorder present, and exclude that the insulating state observed in nanoribbons can be explained solely in terms of a true gap between valence and conduction bands.
Fusion of Microwave and Eddy Current Data for a Multi-Modal Approach in Evaluating Corrosion Under Paint and in Lap Joints (2007)

Critical aircraft structures are susceptible to hidden corrosion. Find‐it and fix‐it approaches are inefficient as it relates to managing the problems associated with corrosion. More comprehensive corrosion information may be obtained using data fusion from several detection and evaluation methods. To this end, microwave, conventional and pulsed eddy current data from a multi‐layer corroded panel, representing an aircraft lap joint, are fused and used as inputs to a structural analysis model to obtain a comprehensive snapshot of the corroded environment. This paper presents the data fusion algorithm and the structural analysis model along with a discussion of the results.
Estimating the 3D Layout of Indoor Scenes and Its Clutter from Depth Sensors (2013)

In this paper we propose an approach to jointly estimate the layout of rooms as well as the clutter present in the scene using RGB-D data. Towards this goal, we propose an effective model that is able to exploit both depth and appearance features, which are complementary. Furthermore, our approach is efficient as we exploit the inherent decomposition of additive potentials. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the challenging NYU v2 dataset and show that employing depth reduces the layout error by 6% and the clutter estimation by 13%.
Automatic Identification and Validation of Planar Collagen Organization in the Aorta Wall with Application to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2013)

Arterial physiology relies on a delicate three-dimensional (3D) organization of cells and extracellular matrix, which is remarkably altered by vascular diseases like abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The ability to explore the micro-histology of the aorta wall is important in the study of vascular pathologies and in the development of vascular constitutive models, i.e., mathematical descriptions of biomechanical properties of the wall. The present study reports and validates a fast image processing sequence capable of quantifying collagen fiber organization from histological stains. Powering and re-normalizing the histogram of the classical fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is a key step in the proposed analysis sequence. This modification introduces a powering parameter w, which was calibrated to best fit the reference data obtained using classical FFT and polarized light microscopy (PLM) of stained histological slices of AAA wall samples. The values of w = 3 and 7 give the best correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient larger than 0.7, R 2 about 0.7) with the classical FFT approach and PLM measurements. A fast and operator independent method to identify collagen organization in the arterial wall was developed and validated. This overcomes severe limitations of currently applied methods like PLM to identify collagen organization in the arterial wall.
Comparison of the Protonation of Isophosphoramide Mustard and Phosphoramide Mustard (1995)

The alkylating agent isophosphoramide mustard (IPM) spontaneously forms a relatively stable aziridine derivative which can be directly observed using NMR spectroscopy. The protonations of IMP and its aziridine were probed using 1H, 31P, 15N, and 17O NMR spectroscopy. The positions of the 31P, 15N, and 17O resonances of IPM between pH 2 and 10 each exhibit a single monobasic titration curve with the same pKa of 4.31 +/- 0.02. On the basis of a comparison with other compounds and our earlier work with phosphoramide mustard, the NMR results for IPM indicate that protonation occurs at nitrogen and not oxygen. Over this same pH range, each of the 1H, 31P, and 15N resonances of IPM-aziridine also show a single monobasic titration with a pKa of 5.30 +/- 0.09. The magnitude of the change in chemical shifts suggests that the protonation of the IPM-aziridine occurs at the ring nitrogen. Theoretical gas-phase calculations of PM, IPM, and IPM-aziridine suggest O-protonation to be more likely; however, aqueous phase calculations predict the N-protonated forms to be most stable. Furthermore, for PM and IPM-aziridine, which contain nonequivalent nitrogens, the theoretical calculations and experimental data both agree as to which nitrogen undergoes protonation. These results suggest that the IMP-aziridine remains unprotonated under physiological conditions and may, in part, explain the lower alkylating activity of IPM as compared to PM.
An in-vitro investigation of prosthetic heart valve cavitation in blood. (1994)

Vapor cavities produced by low pressure fluid flow conditions have been observed in the vicinity of mechanical heart valves for many years. As cavities collapse during pressure recovery, they can produce stresses large enough to cause pitting of the valve occluders and lysing or activation of blood cells. To date, no method has been presented for the quantification of mechanical heart valve cavitation in blood because it has only been detected optically in transparent blood analog fluids. This paper describes a novel method for quantifying cavitation intensities in opaque fluids such as blood. It is based on the detection of high frequency pressure oscillations (35-350 kHz) at a location 4.5 cm proximal to a Björk-Shiley monostrut mitral valve in a mock circulatory loop driven by a Penn State Electric Ventricular Assist Device. The pressure oscillations which result from cavity collapse are used to quantify cavitation intensities in blood. One time domain and three frequency domain parameters have been developed to quantify cavitation intensity during a single valve closure event and over an ensemble of closure events. The time domain parameter is the Root Mean Squared (RMS) value of the pressure signal after it has been high-pass filtered at 35 kHz. The other three parameters are derived from the power spectrum of the pressure signal. One is the maximum value of the power spectrum between 100 and 200 kHz, another is the area under the power spectrum between 35 and 400 kHz, and the last is the volume under a 3-dimensional time vs. frequency vs. power spectrum plot. The parameters are averaged over a random sample of pressure traces to determine an average cavitation intensity for each operating condition studied. In addition, cavitation pressure fluctuations and hemolysis rates were determined simultaneously at several different mock flow loop operating conditions using porcine blood, and the relationships between various measures of cavitation intensity and the associated index of hemolysis have been established. Hemolysis was shown to increase with cavitation intensity.
Destructive Little-Parks Effect in a Full-Shell Nanowire-Based Transmon (2020)

A semiconductor transmon with an epitaxial Al shell fully surrounding an InAs nanowire core is investigated in the low E_{J}/E_{C} regime. Little-Parks oscillations as a function of flux along the hybrid wire axis are destructive, creating lobes of reentrant superconductivity separated by a metallic state at a half quantum of applied flux. In the first lobe, phase winding around the shell can induce topological superconductivity in the core. Coherent qubit operation is observed in both the zeroth and first lobes. Splitting of parity bands by coherent single-electron coupling across the junction is not resolved beyond line broadening, placing a bound on Majorana coupling, E_{M}/h<10 MHz, much smaller than the Josephson coupling E_{J}/h∼4.7 GHz.
Ultra Stable Reference Pulser for High Resolution Spectrometers (1968)

A solid state, double pulse generator with a pulse amplitude temperature coefficient of 0 to -8 ppm/°C was developed. It is shown that when a servo-stabilized spectrometer is locked on the pulser peaks, the gain and zero-intercept of the system drift only ±20 ppm/day or less than 1/10 of the optimum resolution of Ge(Li) detectors. The pulser generates signals which rise in 15 nsec, remain flat-topped for 40 μsec and then fall exponentially to the baseline in 250 μsec. The pulse rate can be varied from 0.1 - 1000 pulse-pairs/sec in 9 steps. The amplitude of the two pulses can be set independently from 5.5-700 mV, using a 7-bit precision R-2R attenuator. When used in conjunction with a preamplifier test capacitor of 1 pF, this amplitude range corresponds to 0.1 - 12.7 MeV (Ge). A "tag" pulse, generated in coincidence with each reference pulse, can be used for gating a multichannel analyzer, a coincidence system or a stabilizer. The performance of the pulser was measured with a computer based, servo-stabilized multichannel analyzer in which the two 60Co lines from a Ge(Li) detector were used as the stabilizer reference peaks. The pulser signal was injected into the preamplifier via a 1 pF air-dielectric capacitor mounted in a temperature regulated oven. The pulser peak was set between the 60Co peaks, and its location was measured as a function of temperature, supply voltage and repetition rate.
Store-Operated Calcium Entry through Orai Is Required for Transcriptional Maturation of the Flight Circuit in Drosophila (2015)

The specificity of an animal's response to an environmental stimulus is determined in part by the release of neurotransmitters, which are sensed by responding neurons through cognate receptors on their surface. One way by which neurons respond is through release of calcium from intracellular stores followed by store refilling from extracellular calcium sources. This mechanism is called store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The function of SOCE in neurons has been debated. Here we describe a new function for SOCE in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels in Drosophila flight neurons. This cell-signaling mechanism is required to maintain optimal levels of a key enzyme for dopamine synthesis and may serve as a mechanism for restoring dopamine levels in relevant pathological conditions.
Detailed measurements and simulations of electric field distribution of two TMS coils cleared for obsessive compulsive disorder in the brain and in specific regions associated with OCD (2022)

The FDA cleared deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (Deep TMS) with the H7 coil for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment, following a double-blinded placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Two years later the FDA cleared TMS with the D-B80 coil on the basis of substantial equivalence. In order to investigate the induced electric field characteristics of the two coils, these were placed at the treatment position for OCD over the prefrontal cortex of a head phantom, and the field distribution was measured. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed in eight Population Head Model repository models with two sets of conductivity values and three Virtual Population anatomical head models and their homogeneous versions. The H7 was found to induce significantly higher maximal electric fields (p<0.0001, t = 11.08) and to stimulate two to five times larger volumes in the brain (p<0.0001, t = 6.71). The rate of decay of electric field with distance is significantly slower for the H7 coil (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test). The field at the scalp is 306% of the field at a 3 cm depth with the D-B80, and 155% with the H7 coil. The H7 induces significantly higher intensities in broader volumes within the brain and in specific brain regions known to be implicated in OCD (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA)) compared to the D-B80. Significant field ≥ 80 V/m is induced by the H7 (D-B80) in 15% (1%) of the dACC, 78% (29%) of the pre-SMA, 50% (20%) of the dlPFC, 30% (12%) of the OFC and 15% (1%) of the IFG. Considering the substantial differences between the two coils, the clinical efficacy in OCD should be tested and verified separately for each coil.
<title>Providing robotic assistance during extra-vehicular activity</title> (2002)

Manned missions to other planetary bodies will rely heavily on robotics and automation to enhance the operational safety and capabilities of the crew. In particular, the movement and sensing capabilities of humans in spacesuits are severely constrained. Thus, an important class of robot will be those that accompany humans during extra-vehicular activity (EVA) and provide assistance -- tool transport, video documentation, sample collection, etc. In 1999, NASA engaged in a set of field tests in California called ASRO (AStronaut-ROver), in which a space-suited test subject collaborated with the tele-operated Marsokhod mobile robot, controlled by scientist at a remote location. From the lessons learned in the ASRO tests, the EVA Robotic Assistant project was started at NASA's Johnson Space Center to provide a testbed for continued research in astronaut-robot interaction and cooperation. In September 2000, NASA conducted two weeks of field tests in Arizona at three planetary surface analog sites. Three scenarios were tested requiring cooperation between a space-suited astronaut and the autonomous EVA Robotic Assistant: Power Cable Deployment, Solar Panel Deployment, and Geologist's Assistant. In this paper, we describe the ERA project in detail, and report on results from the Arizona field tests.
Color-wise Attention Network for Low-light Image Enhancement (2019)

Absence of nearby light sources while capturing an image will degrade the visibility and quality of the captured image, making computer vision tasks difficult. In this paper, a color-wise attention network (CWAN) is proposed for low-light image enhancement based on convolutional neural networks. Motivated by the human visual system when looking at dark images, CWAN learns an end-to-end mapping between low-light and enhanced images while searching for any useful color cues in the low-light image to aid in the color enhancement process. Once these regions are identified, CWAN attention will be mainly focused to synthesize these local regions, as well as the global image. Both quantitative and qualitative experiments on challenging datasets demonstrate the advantages of our method in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
Interface optimization for concurrent systems under timing constraints (1993)

The scope of most high-level synthesis efforts to date has been at the level of a single behavioral model represented as a control/data-flow graph. The communication between concurrently executing processes and its requirements in terms of timing and resources have largely been neglected. This restriction limits the applicability of most existing approaches for complex system designs. This paper describes a methodology for the synthesis of interfaces in concurrent systems under detailed timing constraints. The authors model interprocess communication using blocking and nonblocking messages. They show how the relationship between messages over time can be abstracted as a constraint graph that can be extracted and used during synthesis. They describe a novel technique called interface matching that minimizes the interface cost by scheduling each process with respect to timing information of other processes communicating with it. By scheduling the completion of operations, some blocking communication can be converted to nonblocking while ensuring the communication remains valid. To further reduce hardware costs, the authors describe the synthesis of interfaces on shared physical media. They show how this sharing can be increased through rescheduling and serialization of the communication. In addition to systematically reducing the interface synchronization cost, this approach permits analysis on the timing consistency of interprocess communication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Empirical correlation for minority carrier lifetime to defect density profile in germanium on silicon grown by nanoscale interfacial engineering (2013)

High-quality Ge-on-Si heterostructures have been explored for many applications, including near infrared photodetectors and integration with III–V films for multijunction photovoltaics. However, the lattice mismatch between Ge and Si often leads to a high density of defects. Introducing annealing steps prior to and after full Ge island coalescence is found to reduce the defect density. The defect density in Ge is also found to decrease with increasing dopant density in Si substrates, likely due to the defect pinning near the Ge-Si interface by dopants. The authors establish an empirical correlation between the minority carrier lifetime (τG) and the defect density in the Ge film (ρD) as a function of distance from the Ge-Si interface: τGe = C/ρD, where C is a proportionality constant and a fitting parameter which is determined to be 0.17 and 0.22 s/cm2 for Ge films grown on low-doped, high-resistivity Si substrates and high-doped, low-resistivity Si substrates, respectively. The effective minority carrier lifetime measured as a function of Ge film thickness is then related to the recombination velocity on Ge film surface, average minority carrier lifetime within Ge film, and recombination velocity at the Ge-Si interface. Using this relation, the authors estimate the Ge-Si interface recombination velocity for Ge films grown on low-doped, high-resistivity and high-doped, low-resistivity Si substrates to be 220 and 100 cm/s, respectively.
Dynamics of Pivoted-Pad Journal Bearings, Including Pad Translation and Rotation Effects (1983)

Pivoted-pad journal bearings are commonly applied to highspeed rotating equipment because of their potential for stable operation. Analysis of such bearings is complicated by the ability of each pad to pivot as the shaft is displaced, and to translate radially due to pivot flexibility. This leads to dependence of linearized stiffness and damping coefficients on shaft vibrational frequency, as well as shaft rotational frequency. Pad inertia and mass effects also couple into the response of the bearing, and become significant in large bearings. This paper describes an approach to combine the above effects with the pad assembly technique often used to develop bearing properties. A reduced matrix can be developed once a vibrational frequency is assumed. The approach provides a flexible, yet computationally efficient, means of obtaining bearing properties for rotor dynamics calculations.
Identification of two targets of the type III protein secretion system encoded by the inv and spa loci of Salmonella typhimurium that have homology to the Shigella IpaD and IpaA proteins (1995)

An important virulence factor of Salmonella spp. is their ability to gain access to host cells. A type III secretion system encoded in the inv and spa loci of these organisms is essential for this phenotype. We have identified two proteins, SipA and SipD, whose secretion from the bacterial cells is dependent on this system. The genes encoding these proteins are located at centisome 63 on the S. typhimurium chromosome, immediately downstream of the previously identified sipB and sipC genes (K. Kaniga, S. Tucker, D. Trollinger, and J. E. Galán, J. Bacteriol. 177:3965-3971, 1995). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genes encoding these proteins indicated that SipA and SipD have significant sequence similarity to the Shigella IpaA and IpaD proteins. A nonpolar null mutation in sipD rendered S. typhimurium severely deficient for entry into cultured epithelial cells. In addition, this mutant strain exhibited increased secretion of a selected group of proteins whose export is controlled by the inv- and spa-encoded translocon. In contrast, a nonpolar mutation in sipA did not result in an invasion defect or in a significant decreased in virulence in a mouse model of infection. In addition, we have found an open reading frame immediately downstream of SipA that encodes a predicted protein with significant similarity to a family of acyl carrier proteins.