gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A portrait of school community service programs in Canada (2021)

Although community service programs are to be found across the Canadian landscape, there have been no national initiatives to standardize programs. Thus, the place and nature of community service in high school curricula vary significantly among the 13 educational jurisdictions in Canada. The greatest differences however, are to be found among individual schools within each jurisdiction. This paper presents findings from interviews with key-informants to provide a more in-depth portrait of the programs in Canadian schools. Community service practices in Canadian schools are then discussed in the context of “best practices” as described in the literature Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation:
Facile strain analysis of largely bending films by a surface-labelled grating method (2014)

Mechanical properties of flexible films, for example surface strain of largely bending films, are key to design of stretchable electronic devices, wearable biointegrated devices, and soft microactuators/robots. However, existing methods are mainly based on strain-gauge measurements that require miniaturized array sensors, lead wires, and complicated calibrations. Here we introduce a facile method, based on surface-labelled gratings, for two-dimensional evaluation of surface strains in largely bending films. With this technique, we demonstrate that soft-matter mechanics can be distinct from the mechanics of hard materials. In particular, liquid-crystalline elastomers may undergo unconventional bending in three dimensions, in which both the inner and outer surfaces of the bending film are compressed. We also show that this method can be applied to amorphous elastomeric films, which highlights the general importance of this new mechanical evaluation tool in designing soft-matter-based electronic/photonic as well as biointegrated materials.
Acidification increases microbial polysaccharide degradation in the ocean (2010)

Abstract. With the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), a proceeding decline in seawater pH has been induced that is referred to as ocean acidification. The ocean's capacity for CO2 storage is strongly affected by biological processes, whose feedback potential is difficult to evaluate. The main source of CO2 in the ocean is the decomposition and subsequent respiration of organic molecules by heterotrophic bacteria. However, very little is known about potential effects of ocean acidification on bacterial degradation activity. This study reveals that the degradation of polysaccharides, a major component of marine organic matter, by bacterial extracellular enzymes was significantly accelerated during experimental simulation of ocean acidification. Results were obtained from pH perturbation experiments, where rates of extracellular α- and β-glucosidase were measured and the loss of neutral and acidic sugars from phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides was determined. Our study suggests that a faster bacterial turnover of polysaccharides at lowered ocean pH has the potential to reduce carbon export and to enhance the respiratory CO2 production in the future ocean.
Strongyle nematodes from central Australian kangaroos and wallabies (1938)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Lnk inhibits myeloproliferative disorder-associated JAK2V617F and JAK2K539L mutations (2008)

3465 The JAK2 mutation, JAK2V617F is frequently found in myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) patients and transforms hematopoietic cells to cytokine-independent proliferation, when expressed with specific cytokine receptors. JAK2K539L is a MPD-associated JAK2 exon 12 mutation, with similar effects as JAK2V617F. The SH2 and PH domain-containing adapter protein, Lnk, negatively regulates hematopoietic cytokine receptors through its SH2 domain. Here, we show that Lnk inhibits the constitutive activation of JAK2V617F and JAK2K539L. Lnk overexpression blocked JAK2V617F-meditated transformation of hematopoietic Ba/F3-EpoR cells, while suppression of Lnk by shRNA enhanced proliferation of JAK2V617F-postive leukemic HEL cells. Lnk was phosphorylated by JAK2V617F and interacted with endogenous wild type JAK2 and JAK2V617F. Experiments with a series of Lnk deletion constructs showed that Lnk SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated JAK2, while its PH domain interacts with non-phosphorylated JAK2, and this latter interaction is critical for inhibition of JAK2V617F/K539L constitutive activation. Our results suggest a model wherein Lnk downregulation of JAK2 mutants involves two mechanisms: indirect inhibition of the cytokine receptor utilizing JAK2, and direct suppression of JAK2 kinase activity. These data demonstrate that JAK2V617F is susceptible to negative feedback mechanisms, providing new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MPD.
A comprehensive comparison of RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis from reads to differential gene expression and cross-comparison with microarrays: a case study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

RNA-seq, has recently become an attractive method of choice in the studies of transcriptomes, promising several advantages compared with microarrays. In this study, we sought to assess the contribution of the different analytical steps involved in the analysis of RNA-seq data generated with the Illumina platform, and to perform a cross-platform comparison based on the results obtained through Affymetrix microarray. As a case study for our work we, used the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK 113-7D, grown under two different conditions (batch and chemostat). Here, we asses the influence of genetic variation on the estimation of gene expression level using three different aligners for read-mapping (Gsnap, Stampy and TopHat) on S288c genome, the capabilities of five different statistical methods to detect differential gene expression (baySeq, Cuffdiff, DESeq, edgeR and NOISeq) and we explored the consistency between RNA-seq analysis using reference genome and de novo assembly approach. High reproducibility among biological replicates (correlation≥0.99) and high consistency between the two platforms for analysis of gene expression levels (correlation≥0.91) are reported. The results from differential gene expression identification derived from the different statistical methods, as well as their integrated analysis results based on gene ontology annotation are in good agreement. Overall, our study provides a useful and comprehensive comparison between the two platforms (RNA-seq and microrrays) for gene expression analysis and addresses the contribution of the different steps involved in the analysis of RNA-seq data.
Simultaneous Driver Sizing and Buffer Insertion Usinga Delay Penalty Estimation Technique (2004)

To achieve timing closure in a placed design, buffer insertion and driver sizing are two of the most effective transforms that can be applied. Since the driver-sizing solution and the buffer-insertion solution affect each other, suboptimal solutions may result if these techniques are applied sequentially instead of simultaneously. We show how to simply extend van Ginneken's buffer-insertion algorithm to simultaneously incorporate driver sizing and introduce the idea of a delay penalty to encapsulate the effect of driver sizing on the previous stage. The delay penalty can be precomputed efficiently via dynamic programming. Experimental results show that using driver sizing with a delay-penalty function obtains designs with superior timing and area characteristics.
Synthesis Of Some Tetrahydrobenzodipyrans Derived From Resorcinols (1991)

A number of resorcinol-derived tetrahydrobenzodipyrans have been prepared via bis-propargyl aryl ethers
Querying Spatio-temporal Patterns in Mobile Phone-Call Databases (2010)

Call Detail Record (CDR) databases contain many millions of records with information about mobile phone calls, including the users' location when the call was made/received. This huge amount of spatio-temporal data opens the door for the study of human trajectories on a large scale without the bias that other sources, like GPS or WLAN networks, introduce in the population studied. Furthermore, it provides a platform for the development of a wide variety of studies ranging from the spread of diseases to planning of public transportation. Nevertheless, previous work on spatio-temporal queries does not provide a framework "flexible" enough for expressing the complexity of human trajectories. In this paper we present Spatio-Temporal Pattern System (STPS) to query spatio-temporal patterns in very large CDR databases. STPS uses a regular-expression query language that is intuitive and that allows for any combination of spatial and temporal predicates with constraints, including the use of variables. The design of the language takes into consideration the layout of the areas being covered by the cellular towers, as well as "areas" that label places of interested (e.g. neighborhoods, parks, etc). A full implementation of the STPS is currently running with real, very large CDR databases at Telefonica Research Labs. An extensive performance evaluation of the STPS shows that it can efficiently find very complex mobility patterns in large CDR databases.
Nonparametric estimation of a mixing distribution for a family of linear\n stochastic dynamical systems (2015)

In this paper we develop a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate of the\nmixing distribution of the parameters of a linear stochastic dynamical system.\nThis includes, for example, pharmacokinetic population models with process and\nmeasurement noise that are linear in the state vector, input vector and the\nprocess and measurement noise vectors. Most research in mixing distributions\nonly considers measurement noise. The advantages of the models with process\nnoise are that, in addition to the measurements errors, the uncertainties in\nthe model itself are taken into the account. For example, for deterministic\npharmacokinetic models, errors in dose amounts, administration times, and\ntiming of blood samples are typically not included. For linear stochastic\nmodels, we use linear Kalman-Bucy filtering to calculate the likelihood of the\nobservations and then employ a nonparametric adaptive grid algorithm to find\nthe nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate of the mixing distribution. We\nthen use the directional derivatives of the estimated mixing distribution to\nshow that the result found attains a global maximum. A simple example using a\none compartment pharmacokinetic linear stochastic model is given. In addition\nto population pharmacokinetics, this research also applies to empirical Bayes\nestimation.\n
Seasonal Sleep Variations and Their Association With Meteorological Factors: A Japanese Population Study Using Large-Scale Body Acceleration Data (2021)

Seasonal changes in meteorological factors [e.g., ambient temperature (<i>Ta</i>), humidity, and sunlight] could significantly influence a person's sleep, possibly resulting in the seasonality of sleep properties (timing and quality). However, population-based studies on sleep seasonality or its association with meteorological factors remain limited, especially those using objective sleep data. Japan has clear seasonality with distinctive changes in meteorological variables among seasons, thereby suitable for examining sleep seasonality and the effects of meteorological factors. This study aimed to investigate seasonal variations in sleep properties in a Japanese population (68,604 individuals) and further identify meteorological factors contributing to sleep seasonality. Here we used large-scale objective sleep data estimated from body accelerations by machine learning. Sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and wake time after sleep onset demonstrated significant seasonal variations, showing that sleep quality in summer was worse than that in other seasons. While bedtime did not show clear seasonality, get-up time varied seasonally, with a nadir during summer, and positively correlated with the sunrise time. Estimated by the abovementioned sleep parameters, <i>Ta</i> had a practically meaningful association with sleep quality, indicating that sleep quality worsened with the increase of <i>Ta</i>. This association would partly explain seasonal variations in sleep quality among seasons. In conclusion, <i>Ta</i> had a principal role for seasonality in sleep quality, and the sunrise time chiefly determined the get-up time.
[Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the livers of the population of Białystok and its environs]. (1989)

In the livers of 34 subjects living in Białystok and environs the residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined. The mean values of alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, DDE, DDD, DDT and sigma DDT were respectively 16, 60, 81, 1090, 94, 177 and 1361 mcg/kg of fat, and 0.5, 3.2, 3.3, 48, 5.0, 7.1 and 60 mcg/kg of tissue. The content of DDE and sigma DDT in liver fat was similar to that found previously in perirenal fat. In relation to perirenal fat the content of DDT in liver fat was lower and that of DDD was higher. This was due, probably, to metabolic changes taking place in the liver. The relationship between beta-HCH and gamma-HCH in the liver was different from that in fatty tissue in which the level of Indian was lower than that of the beta-isomer.
Inexplicable Abdominal Pain due to Thoracic Spinal Cord Tumor (2014)

Chronic, refractory abdominal pain without a metabolic or structural gastroenterological etiology can be challenging for diagnosis and management. Even though it is rare, it has been reported that such a recurrent abdominal pain associated with radicular pattern can be derived from structural neurologic lesion like spinal cord tumor. We experienced an unusual case of chronic recurrent abdominal pain that lasted for two years without definite neurologic deficits in a patient, who has been harboring thoracic spinal cord tumor. During an extensive gastroenterological workup for the abdominal pain, the spinal cord tumor had been found and was resected through surgery. Since then, the inexplicable pain sustained over a long period of time eventually resolved. This case highlights the importance of taking into consideration the possibility of spinal cord tumor in differential diagnosis when a patient complains of chronic and recurrent abdominal pain without other medical abnormalities.
Can Contemporary Density Functional Theory Predict Energy Spans in Molecular Catalysis Accurately Enough To Be Applicable for in Silico Catalyst Design? A Computational/Experimental Case Study for the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins (2015)

The catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene is investigated experimentally and by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations using novel ruthenium Xantphos(Ph) (4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and Xantphos(Cy) (4,5-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene) precatalysts [Ru(Xantphos(Ph))(PhCO2)(Cl)] (1) and [Ru(Xantphos(Cy))(PhCO2)(Cl)] (2), the synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of which are reported. The intention of this work is to (i) understand the reaction mechanisms on the microscopic level and (ii) compare experimentally observed activation barriers with computed barriers. The Gibbs free activation energy ΔG(⧧) was obtained experimentally with precatalyst 1 from Eyring plots for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene (ΔG(⧧) = 17.2 ± 1.0 kcal/mol) and 1-methylcyclohexene (ΔG(⧧) = 18.8 ± 2.4 kcal/mol), while the Gibbs free activation energy ΔG(⧧) for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene with precatalyst 2 was determined to be 21.1 ± 2.3 kcal/mol. Plausible activation pathways and catalytic cycles were computed in the gas phase (M06-L/def2-SVP). A variety of popular density functionals (ωB97X-D, LC-ωPBE, CAM-B3LYP, B3LYP, B97-D3BJ, B3LYP-D3, BP86-D3, PBE0-D3, M06-L, MN12-L) were used to reoptimize the turnover determining states in the solvent phase (DF/def2-TZVP; IEF-PCM and/or SMD) to investigate how well the experimentally obtained activation barriers can be reproduced by the calculations. The density functionals B97-D3BJ, MN12-L, M06-L, B3LYP-D3, and CAM-B3LYP reproduce the experimentally observed activation barriers for both olefins very well with very small (0.1 kcal/mol) to moderate (3.0 kcal/mol) mean deviations from the experimental values indicating for the field of hydrogenation catalysis most of these functionals to be useful for in silico catalyst design prior to experimental work.
Highly Effective Photocontrollable Drug Delivery Systems Based on Ultrasensitive Light-Responsive Self-Assembled Polymeric Micelles: An in Vitro Therapeutic Evaluation (2019)

An ultrasensitive light-responsive block copolymer, a combination of a multiarmed poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(caprolactone) polymer as a water-soluble element and maleimide-anthracene linkers as a photosensitive group, was successfully synthesized and rapidly self-assembled to form spherical micellar nanoparticles in aqueous media and phosphate-buffered saline. Their unique characteristics, such as extremely low critical micelle concentration, desirable micellar stability, well-controlled light-responsiveness, tailorable drug-loading content, and ultrasensitive light-induced drug release, make these micelles potential candidates for development of a more effective, safer drug delivery platform for cancer treatment. <i>In vitro</i> studies revealed that the drug-loaded micelles exhibited high structural stability in serum-containing media and very low toxicity toward normal and cancer cells under physiological conditions. Irradiation of cancer cells incubated with the drug-loaded micelles with ultraviolet light at 254 nm for only 10 s triggered rapid and complete release of the drug in the intracellular environment and induced strong antiproliferative/cytotoxic activity. Importantly, real-time cytotoxic assays and fluorescence imaging analysis further demonstrated that the drug-loaded micelles were rapidly taken up into the cytosol or nuclei of the cells, and subsequent ultraviolet exposure induced drug release and apoptotic cell death. Given their simplicity of design, high reliability, and performance, this new light-sensitive micelle may provide a promising route for developing a multifunctional therapeutic nanocarrier system.
Physisorption and Chemisorption of Linear Alkenes in Zeolites: A Combined QM-Pot(MP2//B3LYP:GULP)–Statistical Thermodynamics Study (2011)

Physisorption and chemisorption of C2–C8 linear alkenes in H–FAU, H–BEA, H–MOR, and H–ZSM-5 have been quantified up to 800 K by combining QM-Pot(MP2//B3LYP:GULP) with statistical thermodynamics calculations. The influence of the zeolite topology and the alkene CC double bond position on the alkene sorption thermodynamics is addressed on the basis of linear variations of sorption enthalpies and entropies as a function of the carbon number. The physisorption strength and entropy losses increase in the order H–FAU < H–BEA < H–MOR < H–ZSM-5. Higher physisorption strength is computed for 2-alkenes (H–MOR) and 2-, 3-, and 4-alkenes (H–ZSM-5) as compared with 1-alkenes. Protonation of physisorbed alkenes leads to significantly more stable alkoxides. In contrast to the physisorption, higher chemisorption strength does not lead to larger chemisorption entropy losses. Also, the intrinsic stability of the alkoxides, i.e., relative to gas phase H2 and graphite, only depends on the carbon number and not on the detailed alkoxide structure in H–FAU, H–BEA, and H–MOR. In the narrower pores of H–ZSM-5, the 3- and 4-alkoxides are however more stable than the 2-alkoxides.
EuroAnalysis XIV (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEDITORIALNEXTEuroAnalysis XIVRoyce W. MurrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 21, 7935Publication Date (Web):November 1, 2007Publication History Published online1 November 2007Published inissue 1 November 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0719812https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0719812newsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (52 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars and sugar mixtures by Candida shehatae (1988)

In the experiments described here, batchwise fermentations were employed with Candida shehatae cells induced by growth on either glucose or xylose, and fermentation kinetic constants were determined. Results show that ethanol production rates were higher with xylose-grown inocula than with glucose-grown inocula. This comparison held true for all of the combinations of glucose and xylose tested. The ethanol production rate was highest for a fermentation of 6% xylose supplemented with 3% glucose by xylose-grown inoculum. The next highest rates were obtained with the fermentation of pure glucose and the glucose-xylose mixture by xylose-grown inoculum. Ethanol yields did not appear to be greatly affected by the sugars tested. The rates of mannose, glucose, xylose, galactose, and L-arabinose utilization by xylose-grown inocula were determined in a separate experiment. Mannose (6%) was used at a higher rate than any of the other sugars tested. Mannose also showed the highest rate of ethanol production. Most of the mannose taken up, however, could not be accounted for in the ethanol produced, so it is possible that significant amounts of mannitol were formed. The D-galactose was fermented at a significantly lower rate than glucose, xylose, or mannose. The L-arabinose was not consumed. The ethanol fermentation rate more » observed was much lower with an autoclaved acid hydrolysate than with the conditioned hydrolysate or a mixture of individual sugars. Contacting the hydrolysate with cells for an extended period of time prior to autoclaving greatly improved fermentability, but this strain of C. shehatae was still very susceptible to inhibition by components in the hydrolysate (Table III). « less
Imaging and Measurement of the Separation Surface Between Converging Fluids of Differing Viscosity at a Microscopic Branch (2000)

Abstract The mechanics of branching blood flow is of fundamental importance in understanding the nonuniform distribution of blood components within a microvascular network and, indeed, even within an individual vessel. The nonuniformity resulting from the branch can in turn impact microvascular flow impedance and oxygen transport processes. A construct known as the “separation surface” is often used to describe the flow at converging (venular) and diverging (arteriolar) branches. In the case of two converging flows, the separation surface identifies the portions of the flow in the outlet branch which originated from each of the two feeding branches. The reverse situation holds for a diverging branch. If the converging fluids are immiscible, then the separation surface is a persistent, physical surface within the flow. For converging blood flow, mixing occurs and the separation surface loses its definition with downstream position.