gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Simple Enols. Resolution of Chiral 1-[9‘-(2‘-Fluoroanthryl)]-2,2-Dimesitylethenol. A Different Racemization Mechanism for the Enol and its Acetate1 (2002)

Chiral 1-[9'-(2'-methoxyanthryl)]-2,2-dimesitylethenol (2), 1-[9'-(2'-fluoroanthryl)]-2,2-dimesitylethenol (3), and 1-[9'-(2'-fluoroanthryl)]-2,2- dimesitylvinyl acetate (4) were synthesized and their DNMR behavior in C6D5NO2 was studied. 3 and 4 were resolved on an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) HPLC column to their enantiomers. Acetate 4 racemizes slowly in solution with DeltaG(e)(++), DeltaH(e)(++), and DeltaS(e)(++) values of 26.2, 27.6 kcal mol(-)(1), and 4.3 eu, respectively, as expected for a rotational betabeta'-2-ring flip process in a vinyl propeller and the racemization is unaffected by added TFA, Et3N, and EtOD. Although 3 racemizes almost 350 times faster, the racemization is catalyzed by TFA and shows bell-shape catalysis by Et3N and a KIE in a partially deuteriated solvent. From this and the DNMR data, it is concluded that 3 does not racemize via a rotational betabeta'-2-ring flip. Five nonflip routes are discussed for the racemization of 3, and it is concluded that only the one initiated by protonation at C1 does not contradict the experimental data. By analogy with the E/Z isomerization of the structurally related 2-(m-methoxymesityl)-1,2-dimesitylethenol 17, it is suggested that in the absence of added catalyst one or more enol molecule(s) catalyze the enantiomerization of another one. Only partial resolution was achieved for 2 and from the similarity of its behavior with that of 3, it is suggested that it racemizes by the same mechanism.
Successful Long Term Culture of Immature Porcine Sertoli Cells in the Reconstructed Testicular Cell Cord (2006)

The ultimate goal of this study was to establish an in vitro system to produce sperms. To pursue this goal, immature porcine testicular cells were cultured in stereostructural form and cultured testicular cord was investigated morphologically. At 4 weeks of age, the seminiferous tubules of the porcine testes consisted of undifferentiated germ cells (gonocytes and undifferentiated spermatogonia) and immature Sertoli cells. The interstitial tissue was largely occupied by Leydig cells. The testes were enzymatically digested, and the dispersed cells were encapsulated with alginate either immediately or after freeze-thawing. The resulting testicular cell cords were cultured for up to 10 weeks. After 2 weeks of culture, Sertoli cells, which were identified by their inhibin-positive reaction in immunohistochemistry, and Leydig cells, which were identified by their morphological characteristics, were observed in the cords. Neither undifferentiated nor differentiated types of germ cells were detected. The number of cells in the cords progressively decreased during the culture period. In order to discover the fate of the Sertoli cells, the level of inhibin in the spent media was determined. Inhibin in the media was at a detectable level after 2 days of culture. The levels increased and peaked at 2 weeks. When frozen-thawed testicular cells were applied to the culture, the peak level was maintained for over 8 weeks, in contrast to the gradual decrease of inhibin level when fresh cells were cultured. These results indicate that the culture conditions can sustain the survival of Sertoli cells. Further improvement is required for proliferation and differentiation of germ cells.
Circulating microRNAs in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with ventricular arrhythmia (2017)

Plasma levels of miR-144-3p, 145-5p, 185-5p, and 494 were significantly elevated in definite ARVC patients with VA. An increased plasma level of miR-494 was associated with the recurrence of VA after ablation in definite ARVC patients.
Beyond the Grave: Facebook as a Site for the Expansion of Death and Mourning (2013)

Online identities survive the deaths of those they represent, leaving friends and families to struggle with the appropriate ways to incorporate these identities into the practices of grief and mourning, raising important questions. How are practices of online memorialization connected to conventional rituals of grief and mourning? What is the role of online digital identity postmortem? How do trajectories of death and dying incorporate both online and offline concerns? Based on our qualitative study of death and mourning online, we identify the way that social networking sites enable expansion—temporally, spatially, and socially—of public mourning. Rather than looking at online practices as disruptions of traditional practices of grief and memorialization, we examine them as new sites in which public mourning takes place.
Chromone Studies. Part 11.1 Synthesis and Electron-Impact Mass Spectrometric Study of Granulosin and Side-Chain Analogues (2002)

Granulosin, a chromone constituent of the bark of Galipea granulosa, and four analogues, all of which exhibit toxicity to the brine shrimp Artemia salina, have been prepared from 2′,3′,4′-trihydroxyacetophenone. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis has permitted elucidation of the fragmentation patterns exhibited by these systems following electron-impact ionisation.
Vad driver produktionstiden och hur forbattras den (2018)

Since there is high competition within manufacturing industries there is important to identify and reduce waste within the production. To be able to be a leading company in the area it is important ...
Psycho-behavioural responses of the general population to COVID-19 after mass vaccination: a cross-sectional study (2022)

This study offers new information on the public's psycho-behavioural responses to the pandemic, as well as insights into public health planning after introducing the mass vaccination.
Charge injection into disordered molecular films (2003)

Abstract Light‐emitting devices made by organic or inorganic dielectric films placed between two metal electrodes emit light because of the radiative recombination of positive and negative charge carriers entering the dielectric from the anode and cathode sides, respectively, under applied voltage. Standard vapor‐deposition technology of the device construction suggests the remarkable disordering at the metal dielectric interface and in the structure of dielectric film. The structural imperfections strongly affect carrier injection and transport, device efficiency, performance, and stability. In this article we describe the effect of disordering on the injection current through the dielectric layer and discuss the implications for the device performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2601–2621, 2003
ICU Telemedicine: Financial Analyses of a Complex Intervention (2017)

1Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA. 2UMass Memorial, Worcester, MA. Dr. Lilly received support for article research from The New England Healthcare Institute (funding for external auditing of our community hospital financial analyses), and he disclosed that his institution uses commercial software from several vendors to provide telemedicine services. Dr. Motzkus has disclosed that she does not have any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]
Synthesis of xenon difluoride by exposure of xenon–fluorine mixtures to daylight at room temperature (1966)

J. H. Holloway, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 22 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000022
Wake Effect Assessment of a Flap Type Wave Energy Converter Farm Using a Coupling Methodology (2017)

It is expected that large farms of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) will be installed and as part of the consenting process it will be necessary to quantify their impact on the local environment. The objective of this study is to improve the state-of-the-art of the methodologies to assess the impact a WEC farm has on the incoming wave field through the use of a coupling methodology. A Boundary Element Method (BEM) solver is used to obtain the near-field wave solution accounting for the wave-body interactions within the array of WECs and a Mild-Slope Equation (MSE) model is used to assess the wave transformation in the far-field. The near-field solution obtained from the BEM solver is described as an internal boundary condition in the MSE model and then propagated throughout the domain. The internal boundary condition is described by imposing the solution of the surface elevation in the area where the farm is located. The methodology is applied to flap type WECs that are deployed in shallow water conditions. The validation of the technique is done first for a single flap and then for an array of 5 flaps. Finally, a mild-slope bathymetry and the influence of the changing depth on the wave transformation is assessed in order to prove the versatility of the method to be applied to real scenarios.
Modelling Dynamical Arterial Adaptations to Altered Chemo-Mechanical Environments (2008)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), endothelial cells (EC), and fibroblasts exist in a dynamic mechanical environment and can sense and respond to mechanical stimuli in vivo (McKnight and Frangos [1]). It is becoming more and more clear that complex dynamics not only influences vascular tone but also SMC proliferation (see Dancu et al. [2]) and extracellular matrix turnover (Cummins et al. [3]) by stimulating cell activity.
The diacylglycerols dioctanoylglycerol and oleoylacetylglycerol enhance prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of the lysophosphatide acyltransferase (1987)

Prostanoids are synthesized by resident macrophages upon stimulation with diacylglycerols. Oleoylacetylglycerol and dioctanoylglycerol induced prostaglandin E and thromboxane synthesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Both diacylglycerols inhibited the lysophosphatide acyltransferase, which is the key enzyme in the reacylation of arachidonic acid. By this mechanism the pool of free arachidonic acid available for prostanoid synthesis is increased. Both diacylglycerols were able to inhibit the membrane-bound lysophosphatide acyltransferase by a direct interaction independent of protein kinase C. Thus lysophosphatide acyltransferase could be shown to be a new target of these diacylglycerols, known as activators of protein kinase C.
Thick titania films with hierarchical porosity assembled from ultrasmall titania nanoparticles as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

Thin mesoporous titania films prepared by surfactant templating feature some of the highest light conversion efficiencies per thickness ratios as anodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the fabrication of thicker films required for sufficient light absorption is very challenging using this approach, often resulting in cracking and delamination of the films. Here we present a simple and scalable method to prepare thick mesoporous titania photoanodes via a surfactant-directed assembly of crystalline ultra-small TiO2 nanoparticles in combination with phase separation due to ethyl cellulose added to the coating solutions. Along with increasing film thickness, the ethyl cellulose introduces an interpenetrating macropore network into the films, leading to the formation of hierarchical porous films with bimodal porosity, with the smaller mesopores resulting from the structure-directing agent, Pluronic F127. In this way, films of up to 2 μm per layer without delamination can be produced, exhibiting a high surface area of 130 m2 g−1, about twice the value of films based on standard TiO2 nanoparticle paste. The preparation of multilayer films by a sequential spin-coating and calcination procedure enables the production of films with an overall thickness of up to 10 μm in only 5 steps, which showed high efficiencies of 7.7% in dye-sensitized solar cells.
OH concentration and temperature measured by femtosecond cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy in a nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1946.vid In many low temperature plasmas, the OH radical and temperature represent important properties of plasma reactivity. However, experimentally measuring OH radicals in weakly ionized low temperature plasmas is often difficult because of its low concentration, posing a significant challenge to diagnostics. To address such issue, this work combines cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) with femtosecond (fs) laser to simultaneously measure OH concentration and temperature in-situ in low temperature plasmas. This combination has two major benefits. First, the CEAS technique featuring a low detection limit can be used to measure low-concentration OH radicals in the weakly ionized low temperature plasma environment. Second, the broadband fs laser further provides CEAS with many absorption features as constraints, such that simultaneous measurements of OH concentration and temperature can be enabled with improved accuracy. In this work, the fs CEAS was demonstrated on OH both numerically and experimentally in plasmas generated by a nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. The results showed that, at OH concentration down to 0.05 ppm, the fs CEAS could achieve a 0.5% measurement error for OH concentration and a 0.2% error for temperature. This illustrated the benefits of low detection limit and high-accuracy simultaneous measurements brought about by combining CEAS with fs laser.
Improving the Evaluation of Benign Low Back Pain (1999)

It is possible to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis by incorporating a functional evaluation by machine when there is discordance between physical examination findings and reported pain.
Silicon diffusion in sol–gel derived isotopically enriched silica glasses (2005)

We performed silicon diffusion experiments with sol–gel derived isotopically enriched silica glasses at temperatures between 1050 °C and 1300 °C. The diffusion profiles were measured by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Samples annealed in closed silica ampoules under argon or dry air reveal enhanced Si diffusion compared to Si diffusion in fused silica. On the other hand, annealing in a large alumina tube under O218 ambient yields Si and O diffusion coefficients which approach the results for thermally grown SiO2. The enhanced Si diffusion in sol–gel derived glass is proposed to be due to water residues which lead to the formation of silanol SiOH groups.
Lipid biomarkers profile—presence of coprostanol: recent sediments from Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2007)

Coprostanol (contribution characteristic from anthropogenic pollution) and other lipid biomarkers (sterols, fatty alcohols and fatty acids) were identified and quantified in recent sediment extracts from Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, a touristy spot of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The determination of lipid biomarkers profile indicates an autochthonous biogenic contribution due to the presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria and dinoflagellates. The allochthonous biogenic contribution was confirmed by detection of biomarkers from higher plants in the sediments due to the influence of the Atlantic Forest inserted in the studied region. The concentration of the studied compounds varied from 5.53 to 216.47 microg.g(-1) for sterols, 0.47 to 5.35 microg.g(-1) for fatty alcohols, 20.15 to 66.22 microg.g(-1) for fatty acids and 0.08 to 3.98 microg.g(-1) for coprostanol. The presence of coprostanol was attributed to illegal untreated sewage discharge in the pluvial collector which ends up in the Lagoon.
Assessment of variables associated with prolonged admission duration in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (2022)

This study indicated that children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia with a higher number of febrile days after initiation of antibiotic medication, AST, and percentage neutrophils at admission were more likely to have prolonged admission duration.
Erythropoietin receptors on murine erythroid colony-forming units: natural history (1989)

Erythropoietin (Epo) response and binding was assessed in purified murine CFU-E and their descendants. Several features emerged. First, Epo on CFU-E is in rapid flux: Half-time for 125I-Epo internalization is approximately four to five minutes. Second, computer-aided Scatchard analyses indicate that greater than 70 high-affinity Epo-receptor sites on anemic animal CFU-E are sometimes already occupied by Epo acquired in vivo. When this is removed, 40% of greater than or equal to 370 sites per CFU-E belong to a high-affinity class (dissociation constant, kd: 73 pmol/L +/- 15 [SE]) and 60% belong to a low-affinity class (kd: 813 pmol/L +/- 246). Third, the few small colonies that develop from CFU-E in the absence of Epo are shown, by serial assay of 59Fe-heme biosynthesis, to stem from contaminating erythroblasts: a result consistent with our finding that, after eight-hour CFU-E culture, most erythroblasts no longer require appreciable Epo for growth. Thus, although the early need for Epo by CFU-E is nearly absolute, this need is not met by the often substantial Epo already on board. The inference is that repeated occupancy of the rapidly turning over Epo receptors is required. Fourth, Epo bound and/or internalized by CFU-E descendants decreases to 40% of zero-time levels after 14 hours in Epo-supplemented culture and disappears after 28 hours. Scatchard analyses indicate that 73 pmol/L kd receptor sites become undetectable at seven to eight hours, whereas 813 pmol/L kd sites are undiminished and only one-third less by 16 hours. This apparent disappearance of high-affinity sites and persistence of low-affinity sites suggests that (a) at least two gene products mediate Epo binding, eg, two different receptor polypeptides or one receptor and one cofactor which modulates affinity; (b) high-affinity sites mediate the growth function of Epo during the first eight hours of culture; and (c) lingering low-affinity receptors may mediate some unrecognized Epo function. Fifth, the efficiency with which 106- and 91-Kd CFU-E membrane polypeptides can be cross-linked to 125I-Epo is two- to threefold higher for cells labeled at high Epo concentrations than at low ones, which suggests that these polypeptides largely reflect low-affinity site reactions.
Range extension control system for electric vehicles based on optimal-deceleration trajectory and front-rear driving-braking force distribution considering maximization of energy regeneration (2014)

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a world-widely recognized solution for future green transportation. However, the mileage per charge of EVs is short compared with that of internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, a maximization method of regenerative energy is proposed. The method optimizes the velocity trajectory and distribution ratio of front and rear braking force using calculus of variations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments.
Systematic study of the fluorescence decays of amino‐coumarin dyes in polymer matrices (2007)

Abstract We measured the fluorescence decays of seven different amino‐coumarin dyes in polymer films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene) (PS), and ethylene‐butene rubber (EBR); as well as in the small molecule analogs ethyl acetate and toluene. Many of the dye‐solvent and dye‐polymer combinations exhibited single exponential decays with lifetimes ranging from 2.3 to 3.9 ns. Small deviations from single exponential behavior occurred for most of the dyes in EBR. Significant deviations from single exponential behavior occurred for 7‐(diethylamino)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxylic acid (coumarin‐3) in ethyl acetate and in all polymer matrices and 2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐11‐oxo‐1H,5H,11H‐[1]benzopyrano[6,7,8‐ij]quinolizin‐10‐carboxylic acid (coumarin‐343) in all of the polymer matrices. Time‐resolved fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of two different excited states for coumarin‐3 and coumarin‐343 in PMMA; these spectra were qualitatively different from the time‐resolved spectra of coumarin‐3 in ethyl acetate. We rationalize these results in terms of the chemical functionalities of the various dyes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2333–2343, 2007
A Monolithic Integrated Solution for MAP Applications (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A monolithic sensing solution for manifold absolute pressure (MAP) is presented. This work includes examination of design, fabrication, temperature compensation, packaging and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of the fully integrated monolithic sensor. The circuit uses integrated bipolar electronics and conventional IC processing. The amplification circuit consists of three op-amps, seven laser trimmable resistors, and other active and passive components. Also discussed is a summary of an automotive application MAP sensor general specification, test methods, assembly, packaging, reliability and media testing for a single chip solution.&lt;/div&gt;
Bayesian sparse estimation of targets with range-Doppler grid mismatch (2015)

In this paper, we study the problem of estimating the target scene via a signal sparse representation (SSR) scheme in the range-Doppler domain. As compared to a range-gate by range-gate SSR analysis, this bidimensional approach can take into account targets straddling two range-gates. Here, we propose a robust SSR Bayesian algorithm that considers the well known grid mismatch problem in both the range and Doppler dimensions. Our algorithm implements a bidimensional approach to a previous described algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed with synthetic and experimental data to demonstrate the benefit of estimating the grid mismatch with the proposed technique.
Sensitive and selective analysis of coenzyme Q10in human serum by negative APCI LC-MS (2004)

Two new sensitive and selective LC-MS methods have been developed for the quantification of the total coenzyme Q(10) concentration in human blood serum. The sensitivity of the methods is based on the very efficient formation of the radical anions of CoQ(10)[M(-)[radical dot]] by negative atmospheric pressure ionisation, APCI(-). The mass detection of the [M(-)[radical dot]] ions, m/z= 862.6, was performed either in selective ion monitoring (SIM) or in MS(2) mode (m/z= 862.6 [rightward arrow]m/z= 847.6) using an LCQ-deca ion-trap mass spectrometer. Two standard serum samples with medium (0.73 [micro sign]g ml(-1)) and high (1.96 [micro sign]g ml(-1)) total CoQ(10) concentrations were analysed by LC-APCI(-)-SIM and LC-APCI(-)-MS(2) and the results compared with a HPLC literature procedure with electrochemical detection (ECD). Both the LC-MS methods were shown to be more selective and with comparable or better sensitivity than the HPLC-ECD method. The LC-MS-SIM and LC-MS(2) chromatograms of the medium concentration sample showed CoQ(10) signal to noise ratios of 25 and 625, respectively. In addition, a simple and fast serum pre-treatment procedure was developed, in which the serum CoQ(10)H(2) content was quantitatively oxidised quantitatively to CoQ(10) in less than 15 min by 1,4-benzoquinone.
Optically-Pumped Terahertz Sources and Applications (2019)

Despite several progress generation of electromagnetic power in the THz range is still underdeveloped compared to the other frequency bands. Direct THz generation poses fundamental and practical problems very difficult to solve. Generating THz using sources from lower or higher frequencies is an alternative way. Harmonic generation from microwave sources has been quite successful in the past decades. In this invited paper we will discuss about the other way: using optical waves to pump a THz source. We will consider particularly our recent results concerning a new approach for THz continuous wave (CW) generation.
WDM Transmission at 2μm over Low-Loss Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber (2013)

World’s first demonstration of WDM transmission in a HC-PBGF at the predicted low loss region of 2μm is presented. A total capacity of 16 Gbit/s is achieved using 1×8.5 Gbit/s and 3×2.5 Gbit/s channels modulated using NRZ OOK over 290 meters of hollow core fiber.