gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embolism in the Superior Cerebellar Artery following Coil Embolization of Basilar Tip Aneurysms: Anatomy and Hemodynamics (1998)

We aimed to identify anatomic factors favoring intra-aneurysmal clot embolization complicating coil embolization of basilar tip aneurysms. Thirty basilar tip aneurysm cases were classified angiographically into three types according to branching pattern of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and coil embolization complications were analyzed. The SCA may arise from the basilar artery (BA) just proximal to the origin of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), initially coursing at an angle (more than 60 degrees ) relative to the BA, (type A). Alternatively the SCA may originate directly from the PCA at a sharp angle less than 30 degrees relative to the BA (type C). Type B includes patterns intermediate between types A and C. Behavior of particles chosen to simulate intra-aneurysmal clots was also observed in a plastic tube model with pulsatile water flow simulating configurations A and C. Type C branching was seen in 35% (21/60) of SCA, being dominant on the left side and associated with large aneurysms and broad necks. All 3 of 24 coil embolization patients with ischemic complications in the SCA territory had large aneurysms and type C SCA branching, 2 aneurysms having broad necks. in the plastic model embolized "clots" more frequently lodged in type C than in type A SCA. "Clots" close to the orifice migrated more easily than those in the dome of the plastic aneurysm. Large basilar tip aneurysms with broad necks carry a risk of intra-aneurysmal clot migration into the SCA, during and after the embolization, especially in type C configurations, because pulsatile blood flow in the basilar artery may disperse clots between the coils and carry them into the sharply angulated SCA. Avoiding this complication requires meticulous coil packing to interrupt inflow into the aneurysm as well as appropriate anti-coagulation therapy.
The Function of the CD4 Coreceptor in the Development of T Cells (1995)

T cells with helper activity can be found in mice that lack expression of the CD4 glycoprotein. The CD4 promoter is active in these cells; they respond to antigens presented by MHC class II molecules; they do not express CD8 and they do not depend on MHC class I for their development. By such criteria, these CD8- T cells resemble normal CD4+ helper T cells. The development of the helper lineage in CD4-null mice can be potentiated by expression of transgenes that encode either wild type CD4, or a deletion mutant of CD4 that lacks the cytoplasmic tail and therefore cannot interact with the tyrosine kinase p56lck. These observations suggest that CD4 is not absolutely required for the specification of the helper cell lineage. The role of the CD4 molecule in the development of T cells and possible mechanisms by which it achieves its functions are discussed.
Long-Reach Wavelength-Routed TWDM PON: Technology and Deployment (2018)

We present a long-reach wavelength-routed time-wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) passive optical network (PON) architecture (LRWR-PON) and its commercial implementation, which supports up to 768 users per fiber strand and up to 50-km transmission distance. The increased reach allows central offices to become more flexible and fewer in quantity, while the increased aggregation reduces the size and number of optical cables needed, enabling smaller trenches to be used. LRWR-PON also contains eight additional point-to-point wavelengths on each fiber to support wireless sites and/or high-speed dedicated bandwidth applications, greatly simplifying converged network designs. Multiple new optical components and modules have been developed to implement our novel architecture. These include a cyclic arrayed waveguide grating to passively aggregate and distribute access wavelengths in the field, an integrated optical amplifier and multiplexer combination device to aggregate optical line terminal (OLT) channels and extend the system reach, several dense wavelength division multiplexing OLT optics, and a colorless TWDM optical network terminal employing low-cost tunable burst-mode lasers. Our analysis shows the simplification of the civil construction enabled by LRWR-PON greatly outweighs the increased optical component complexity. To date, we have conducted a successful field trial with 606 real-life customers for more than 15 months and we have been rolling out LRWR-PON in Google Fiber markets for production services.
A highly sensitive cell-based luciferase assay for high-throughput automated screening of SARS-CoV-2 nsp5/3CLpro inhibitors (2021)

Effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to treat severe cases of infection and for prophylactic use. The main viral protease (nsp5 or 3CLpro) represents an attractive and possibly broad-spectrum target for drug development as it is essential to the virus life cycle and highly conserved among betacoronaviruses. Sensitive and efficient high-throughput screening methods are key for drug discovery. Here we report the development of a gain-of-signal, highly sensitive cell-based luciferase assay to monitor SARS-CoV-2 nsp5 activity and show that it is suitable for high-throughput screening of compounds in a 384-well format. A benefit of miniaturisation and automation is that screening can be performed in parallel on a wild-type and a catalytically inactive nsp5, which improves the selectivity of the assay. We performed molecular docking-based screening on a set of 14,468 compounds from an in-house chemical database, selected 359 candidate nsp5 inhibitors and tested them experimentally. We identified four molecules, including the broad-spectrum antiviral merimepodib/VX-497, which show anti-nsp5 activity and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC <sub>50</sub> values in the 4-21 µM range. The here described assay will allow the screening of large-scale compound libraries for SARS-CoV-2 nsp5 inhibitors. Moreover, we provide evidence that this assay can be adapted to other coronaviruses and viruses which rely on a viral protease.
Repurposing Segmentation as a Practical LVI-NULL Mitigation in SGX (2022)

Load Value Injection (LVI) uses Meltdown-type data flows in Spectre-like confused-deputy attacks. LVI has been demonstrated in practical attacks on Intel SGX enclaves, and consequently, mitigations were deployed that incur tremendous overheads of factor 2 to 19. However, as we discover, on fixed hardware LVI-NULL leakage is still present. Hence, to mitigate LVI-NULL in SGX enclaves on LVI-fixed CPUs, the expensive mitigations would still be necessary. In this paper, we propose a lightweight mitigation focused on LVI-NULL in SGX, LVI-NULLify. We systematically analyze and categorize LVI-NULL variants. Our analysis reveals that previously proposed mitigations targeting LVI-NULL are not effective. Our novel mitigation addresses this problem by repurposing segmentation, a fast legacy hardware mechanism that x86 already uses for every memory operation. LVI-NULLify consists of a modified SGX-SDK and a compiler extension which put the enclave in control of LVI-NULL-exploitable memory locations. We evaluate LVI-NULLify on the LVI-fixed Comet Lake CPU and observe a performance overhead below 10% for the worst case, which is substantially lower than previous defenses with a prohibitive overhead of 1220% in the worst case. We conclude that LVI-NULLify is a practical solution to protect SGX enclaves against LVI-NULL today.
Cloning and high level expression of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) pollen profilin (Cyn d 12) in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the allergen (1997)

Our results showed that this heterologous expression system and purification procedure are suitable for the production of large amounts of pure allergen which can be used for the characterization of allergenic epitopes recognized by T and B cells and finally for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
A Prospective Analysis of Intraoperative Electromyographic Monitoring of Pedicle Screw Placement With Computed Tomographic Scan Confirmation (1995)

Study Design. In a prospective study of 90 patients undergoing lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation, 512 screws were tested intraoperatively using electrical stimulation. The accuracy of this technique was verified after surgery by computed tomography. Objectives. Computed tomographic scans taken after surgery were used to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative screw stimulation and electromyographic monitoring of pedicle screw placement. Summary of Background Data. Previous cadaveric and clinical studies showed the risk of pedicle screw malposition and the inadequate reliability of intraoperative radiographs to identify misplaced screws. Methods. Screws (total, 512) in 90 patients were stimulated intraoperatively, and stimulation threshold was recorded. Computed tomographic scans were taken after surgery to document pedicle screw position. Electromyographic thresholds and computed tomographic data were evaluated independently and compared to assess the accuracy of the electromyographic screw stimulation technique. Results. Intraoperative screw stimulation was extremely accurate in confirming the adequacy of screw position. A stimulation threshold greater than 15 mA provided a 98% confidence that the screw was within the pedicle. In eight of 90 patients (9%), electromyographic monitoring detected a screw malposition that was not identified on lateral radiograph. Conclusions. Screw stimulation monitoring is a valuable and efficacious adjunct to lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation. A stimulation threshold greater than 15 mA reliably indicates adequate screw position. A stimulation threshold between 10 and 15 mA was generally associated with adequate screw position, although exploration of the pedicle is recommended. A stimulation threshold less than 10 mA was associated with a significant cortical perforation in most instances.
Adiabatic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in presence of lithium chloride, 1. Thermodynamic and Kinetic aspects (1981)

Abstract The activated anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in presence of LiCl (up to 10 wt.‐%) is studied under quasi‐adiabatic conditions. The temperature increase of the system, after proper corrections for the heat exchange with the surroundings, allows to evaluate the enthalpies of polymerization δ H p and to correlate their variations with the specific interactions of LiCl with monomer and polymer. The sharp decrease of −δ H p as function of LiCl content is attributed to the stabilizing effect of the ion‐dipole interactions, which is higher for the monomer‐salt pair than for the polymer‐salt mixture. The initial rates of polymerization are enhanced by a few percents of added LiCl, with a maximum at about 3 wt.‐%. The relative influence of various physical factors on the polymerization kinetics and thermodynamics is discussed.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: an illustrative case series of applying the updated Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Lake Louise Criteria (2022)

The application of mLLC with T1/T2 mapping appears useful in the CMR diagnosis of acute ICI myocarditis with non-ischaemic myocardial injury criteria being the most common finding. The sensitivity of native T1 appears higher than T2 mapping in the acute diagnosis as well as in the assessment of treatment response. As troponin elevations may persist for some time with ICI myocarditis, CMR may represent an alternate strategy to monitor treatment response.
Growth factor enhancement of muscle regeneration: a central role of IGF-1. (2005)

The prolongation of skeletal muscle strength in aging and neuromuscular disease has been the objective of numerous studies employing a variety of approaches. In the last decade, dramatic progress has been made in elucidating the molecular defects underlying a number of muscle diseases. With the characterization of mutations responsible for muscle dysfunction in several inherited pathologies, and the identification of novel signaling pathways, subtle alterations in which can lead to significant defects in muscle metabolism, the field is poised to devise successful strategies for treatment of this debilitating and often fatal group of human ailments. Yet progress has been slow in therapeutic applications of our newly gained knowledge. The complexity of muscle types, the intimate relationship between structural integrity and mechanical function, and the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to metabolic perturbations have impeded rapid progress in successful clinical intervention. The relatively poor regenerative properties of striated muscle compound also the devastating effects of muscle degeneration.
Quantification of Coronary Artery Lumen Volume by Digital Angiography (2001)

A video densitometry technique for quantification of coronary lumen volume was validated both in vitro and in vivo in a swine animal model. The present results demonstrated the feasibility and potential utility of the video densitometry technique for accurate measurement of regional lumen volume in vivo. This study contributes to the understanding of the angiographic methods used for the assessment of coronary artery disease and indicates that this technique can potentially be used for quantification of diffuse coronary artery disease during routine coronary arteriography.
Modulation of protein A binding allows single-step purification of mouse bispecific antibodies that retain FcRn binding (2017)

The increased number of bispecific antibodies (BsAb) under therapeutic development has resulted in a need for mouse surrogate BsAbs. Here, we describe a one-step method for generating highly pure mouse BsAbs suitable for in vitro and in vivo studies. We identify two mutations in the mouse IgG2a and IgG2b Fc region: one that eliminates protein A binding and one that enhances protein A binding by 8-fold. We show that BsAbs harboring these mutations can be purified from the residual parental monoclonal antibodies in one step using protein A affinity chromatography. The structural basis for the effects of these mutations was analyzed by X-ray crystallography. While the mutation that disrupted protein A binding also inhibited FcRn interaction, a bispecific mutant in which one subunit retained the ability to bind protein A could still interact with FcRn. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the serum half-lives of the mutants showed that the mutant BsAb had a serum half-life comparable to a wild-type Ab. The results describe a rapid method for generating panels of mouse BsAbs that could be used in mouse studies.
Study on Aerodynamic Optimization Design Method Analysis and Control Algorithm of the Pod (2019)

Based on the use and function of the airborne pod, the stability and tracking accuracy indexs are the guarantee of obtaining high-quality images under the flight environment, and also a premise of successfully completing various tasks. Aiming at the aircraft subsonic pod in high-speed flight environment, in order to achieve full spectrum segment detection, the pod adopts the open form to complete pointing and tracking functions through the two-dimensional command motion of the pendulum mirror in the head of the pod. In this paper, the coupling relation, which is aircraft disturbance conversion to the pendulum mirror, is analyzed firstly. Then according to the difficulties about the control of the pendulum mirror in high-speed flight caused by the wind resistance, Reynolds average method and large eddy simulation method are used to calculate the fluid simulation, and the traditional response surface method and the concomitant method based on the control theory are adopted to optimize the shape design of the aerodynamic cover and the open cabin. On the basis of optimization, an acceleration ring is introduced into the control loop to improve the response speed and cope with the adverse torque disturbance environment caused by the window opening. Finally, the control loop is simulated in the Simulink environment. The results show that the stability accuracy of system is 0.1366mrad ( RMS), which can be applied to existing mounted pods.
Primary human teeth and their root canal systems (2010)

A thorough knowledge of dental anatomy of both the permanent and primary dentition is essential for all treatment aspects of these teeth. All too often, the study of the anatomy of primary teeth is given secondary importance due to the fact that these teeth will exfoliate eventually. Rather than premature extraction, the retention of primary teeth through restorative or endodontic means is evolving amongst dental practitioners and endodontic and pediatric dental specialists. Thus, knowledge of the normal and abnormal anatomy of primary teeth is required in making diagnosis and treatment decisions in young patients. In rare incidences, as in cases of absent permanent premolars, primary teeth may be retained in the permanent arch and if the pulp becomes diseased, endodontic treatment may be among the treatment options. This article provides a comprehensive review of normal and abnormal morphology of the primary teeth with an emphasis on the roots and root canal systems of each of the teeth in the primary dentition.
Über Grundlagen und Praxis des Bodenwaschens (1992)

Apres une breve introduction aux problemes et auw possibilites techniques d'assainissement des sols, l'auteur du present article discute les principes de base du lavage des sols. Il nous presente, tout d'abord, le principe de travail, tout en attirant l'attention sur l'importance de la constitution materielle et granulometrique des sols. Ensuite, il decrit la contamination ainsi que les mecanismes de lavage
Supplementary Materials and Methods and Figure Legends and Figures from Pharmacologic Inhibition of Jak2–Stat5 Signaling By Jak2 Inhibitor AZD1480 Potently Suppresses Growth of Both Primary and Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 966K, Supplementary Figure 1. The growth of CWR22Pc cells is down-regulated by bicalutamide. ; Supplementary Figure 2. Stat5a/b, but not Stat3, is persistently activated in CWR22Rv1 and CWR22Pc cells. Supplementary Figure 3. Inhibition of Stat5a/b, but not Stat3, significantly decreases the fraction of viable CWR22Rv1 and CWR22Pc cells. ; Supplementary Figure 4. AZD1480 induces caspase-3 activity to the same extent as genetic knockdown of Jak2 or Stat5 by shRNA. ; Supplementary Figure 5. AZD1480-treated mice maintain higher body weights than docetaxeltreated mice. ; Supplementary Figure 6. AZD1480 does not affect levels of nuclear Stat3 in CWR22Pc tumors. Supplementary Figure 7. AZD1480 induces apoptotic cell death in CWR22Pc xenograft tumors. ; Supplementary Figure 8. AZD1480 down-regulates Stat5-target gene Bcl-Xl expression in CWR22Rv1 cells in culture. ; Supplementary Figure 9. AZD1480 regulates the expression of Stat5 target genes Bcl-Xl and Ecadherin in CWR22Pc xenograft tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Achieving Adequate Circulation in Chemical Looping Combustion─Design Proposal for a 200 MWth Chemical Looping Combustion Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (2022)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has unique potential for avoiding the large costs and energy penalties of existing CO 2 capture technologies. Oxygen is transferred to the fuel using an oxygen carrier, thus avoiding contact between air and fuel. Consequently, the combustion products, CO 2 and H 2 O, come in a separate stream, and more or less pure CO 2 is obtained after condensation of H 2 O. CLC is normally conceived as a dual fluidized bed process, with high gas velocities in an air reactor driving the circulation, similar to circulating fluidized beds (CFBs), except that the material is led to a fuel reactor before being returned to the air reactor. Crucial for the process is the properties of the oxygen carrier and that circulation is sufficient to transfer needed oxygen and heat to the fuel reactor. Comprehensive literature shows successful use of many oxygen carriers in sustained pilot operation. In contrast, the need for reaching adequate circulation in an industrial-scale system has been given little consideration. Normally, a system similar to CFB boilers is assumed to give sufficient circulation. However, literature data indicate that circulation in CFB boilers is 5-50% of what is needed. Measures to provide sufficient circulation may cause difficulties, such as erosion or bed material loss in the cyclone. Here, a circulation system based on collection of the downflow of particles along the walls is proposed, and a design of a 200 MW th combined CLC-CFB boiler based on this principle is presented. Further, operational strategies and the need for flexibility are discussed. The design is focused on making an industrial-scale demonstration boiler, which can be used in CLC operation with different oxygen carriers and different fuels and that can explore different operational strategies to find optimal conditions. It is recommended that the upscaling of the technology aims directly at the industrial scale.
Online Discovery of Top-k Similar Motifs in Time Series Data (2011)

A motif is a pair of non-overlapping sequences with very similar shapes in a time series. We study the online top-k most similar motif discovery problem. A special case of this problem corresponding to k = 1 was investigated in the literature by Mueen and Keogh [2]. We generalize the problem to any k and propose space-efficient algorithms for solving it. We show that our algorithms are optimal in term of space. In the particular case when k = 1, our algorithms achieve better performance both in terms of space and time consumption than the algorithm of Mueen and Keogh. We demonstrate our results by both theoretical analysis and extensive experiments with both synthetic and real-life data. We also show possible application of the top-k similar motifs discovery problem.
External validity of a model to predict postoperative atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery (2019)

The POAF model demonstrated good calibration in our population, despite a lower overall incidence of POAF compared to the derivation study. POAF rates were higher among patients with a higher risk score and undergoing procedures with greater intrathoracic dissection. This tool may be useful in identifying patients who are at risk of POAF when undergoing major thoracic surgery and may, therefore, benefit from targeted prophylactic therapy.