gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of out-of-plane adhesion force evolution (and regression) for MEMS accelerometers (2016)

The work investigates în-operation adhesion evolution in out-of-plane (OOP) test devices fabricated in an industrial surface micromachining process. The aim is to mimic the behavior of OOP MEMS accelerometers in terms of package environment (pressure of ~ 100 mbar), characteristic frequency and quality factor, so that the contact dynamics during impact events is representative of such devices. The experiments include: (i) statistical measurements of pristine adhesion forces; (ii) application of dynamic impacts at known contact velocity (~ 1 cm/s) and adhesion evolution monitoring as a function of the elapsed collisions; (iii) adhesion force monitoring within 40 days after the former test ends. With a sub-nN measurement resolution, the results show an adhesion force increase during cycles up to a few hundred nN, followed by a regression (likely due to a slow relaxation mechanism) when the device is left still.
Cyclodextrin flexibly capped with metal ion (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCyclodextrin flexibly capped with metal ionIwao Tabushi, Nobuaki Shimizu, Takuji Sugimoto, Misako Shiozuka, and Kazuo YamamuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 21, 7100–7102Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00463a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00463a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views953Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methoxycarbonylation versus Hydroacylation of Ethene; Dramatic Influence of the Ligand in Cationic Palladium Catalysis (2002)

The palladium-catalysed carbonylation of ethene in methanol shows acute sensitivity towards the diphosphine ligand used. Systems based on 1,3-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)propane afford catalysts for fast, selective methoxycarbonylation to methyl propionate; the corresponding catalyst based on 1,2-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)ethane hydroacylates ethene to diethyl ketone at high rates. The use of less sterically demanding ligands, hydrogen and auxiliary acid are explored and mechanistic implications discussed.
Processes and properties of electric arc stabilized by water vortex (1997)

Experimental investigation of an electric arc stabilized by a water vortex was carried out in a DC arc plasma torch for the power range 90-200 kW. Volt-ampere characteristics of the arc as well as the power balance were determined separately for the part of the arc column stabilized by water and for the remaining part between the nozzle exit and the external anode. The temperature of arc plasma close to the nozzle exit was determined by emission spectroscopy. Negatively biased electric probes in the ion collecting regime were used for determination of the plasma flow velocity. The measured temperatures up to 27000 K, and velocities up to 7 km/s are higher than the values commonly reported for plasma torches with DC arcs stabilized by a gas flow. Mass and energy balances within the arc chamber were determined from the experimental results. The radial transport of the energy by radiation was identified as a decisive process controlling the arc and plasma properties. The balance of radial energy transport was studied. The ratio of energy spent for evaporation of the water to the energy absorbed in the evaporated mass is very low in the water stabilized arc. This is the principal cause of high plasma temperatures and velocities found by the measurements.
Bridging the gap for lipid lowering therapy: plaque regression, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and imaging-guided personalized medicine (2017)

Lipid-lowering therapy effectively decreases cardiovascular risk on a population level, but it remains difficult to identify an individual patient's personal risk reduction while following guideline directed medical therapy, leading to overtreatment in some patients and cardiovascular events in others. Recent improvements in cardiac CT technology provide the ability to directly assess an individual's atherosclerotic disease burden, which has the potential to personalize risk assessment for lipid-lowering therapy. Areas covered: We review the current unmet need in identifying patients at elevated residual risk despite guideline directed medical therapy, the evidence behind plaque regression as a potential marker of therapeutic response, and highlight state-of-the-art advances in coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) for measurement of quantitative and qualitative changes in coronary atherosclerosis over time. Literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar for literature relevant to statin therapy and residual risk, coronary plaque regression measurement, and CCTA assessment of quantitative and qualitative change in coronary atherosclerosis. Expert commentary: We discuss the potential ability of CCTA to guide lipid-lowering therapy as a bridge between population and personalized medicine in the future, as well as the potential barriers to its use.
Common-mode voltage mitigation in multiphase electric motor drive systems (2021)

Common-mode voltage (CMV) produces serious reliability and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues in modern pulse-width modulated (PWM) electric drives. Such issues will become more prominent in the near future, as industry moves towards the introduction of wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor technologies operating at higher switching frequencies and also with greater dvdt. In this context, multiphase electric drive technologies can be of great interest, as their additional degrees of freedom can be exploited to reduce CMV. This work aims to study the potential of multiphase electric motor drive systems for CMV mitigation. To do so, a comprehensive review of the most recent scientific literature is conducted, mainly focusing on high impact works published recently. As a result, a clear and up-to-date picture of the most common multiphase technologies, i.e., (m+1)-leg, multiple three-phase, open-end and star-connected multiphase systems is provided along with their CMV reduction potential. Not only the topologies themselves but also modulation techniques are analysed and presented, mainly focusing on star-connected systems. As a conclusion, it can be stated that such multiphase systems are promising candidates to substitute conventional three-phase motor drives as, apart from their well-known advantages (efficiency, power density, power splitting, and fault tolerance), their CMV reduction potential is confirmed. The technical information provided in this work will help researchers and field engineers to design and develop high-performance multiphase electric drives.
Vector Analysis of Frontal Plane Video to Determine Sagittal Plane Knee Kinematics (2011)

PURPOSE: Frontal (FP) and sagittal (SP) plane knee kinematics contribute to knee abduction moment, a risk factor for non-contact ACL injury. To date no single camera method to measure bi-planar knee kinematics has been widely employed. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a practical, FP video method to determine knee flexion angle (KFA). METHODS: Twenty female basketball, soccer and volleyball players (N=20; Age: 15.9±1.3 yrs, height: 163.6±9.9 cm; body mass: 57.0±12.1 kg) performed 5 drop vertical jump trials from a 31 cm box. Motion was recorded with 3D motion analysis and a camcorder in the FP. KFA was expressed as a function of FP joint coordinates using vector analysis and known segment lengths. Continuous KFA was calculated for all 100 trials using FP coordinates. Paired t-tests and root mean squared (RMS) error was used to compare calculated and actual KFA throughout the contact phase. Joint center coordinates from FP video were digitized and KFA was calculated at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PKF). Range of motion (ROM) was defined as the difference between KFA at IC and PKF. RESULTS: Figure 1a presents mean KFA ± SEM vs. normalized time for 3D data and FP calculated KFA for all 100 trials. RMS error ± standard deviation with t-test results are as indicated. The average RMS error of the calculation across 100 trials was 5.51 ± 2.56° (95% CI = 5.01-6.02). Significant differences were noted primarily at low knee flexion. Figure 1b shows the relationship between ROM calculated from FP video and actual KFA. CONCLUSIONS: FP video analysis provides a simple, efficacious method to quantify bi-planar knee ROM. Use of this technique may facilitate clinic-based ACL injury risk screening with a simplified, accurate single camera approach.
Programmable spintronics logic device based on a magnetic tunnel junction element (2005)

A programmable spintronics logic device was designed and fabricated based on a single pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element. In this work, a current input line C passing through the MTJ element itself was introduced. Two separated input current lines (A and B) could switch the magnetization of the pinned layer under the heat assistance from line C. Full logic functions (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR) can be realized based on a normal pinned and a synthetic pinned MTJ element. A Wheatstone bridge was engineered to read this single MTJ element logic device. MTJ elements with 1μm2 and normal pinned structure: (Ta30Å∕NiFe40Å∕MnIr35Å∕CoFe30Å∕(Al7Å)+oxidation∕CoFe30Å∕NiFe40Å∕Ta200Å), have low resistance of 6.3Ω and high resistance of 7.2Ω, which gives the magnetoresistive (MR) ratio of 14%. Approximately a 3-mV output difference is obtained between logical 1 and 0.
Z-source inverter (2003)

This paper presents an impedance-source (or impedance-fed) power converter (abbreviated as Z-source converter) and its control method for implementing DC-to-AC, AC-to-DC, AC-to-AC, and DC-to-DC power conversion. The Z-source converter employs a unique impedance network (or circuit) to couple the converter main circuit to the power source, thus providing unique features that cannot be obtained in the traditional voltage-source (or voltage-fed) and current-source (or current-fed) converters where a capacitor and inductor are used, respectively. The Z-source converter overcomes the conceptual and theoretical barriers and limitations of the traditional voltage-source converter (abbreviated as V-source converter) and current-source converter (abbreviated as I-source converter) and provides a novel power conversion concept. The Z-source concept can be applied to all DC-to-AC, AC-to-DC, AC-to-AC, and DC-to-DC power conversion. To describe the operating principle and control, this paper focuses on an example: a Z-source inverter for DC-AC power conversion needed in fuel cell applications. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the new features.
Development of Earth-Abundant Cathodes for Vehicle Applications and Beyond (2022)

The predicted growth in electrification of the grid-storage and transportation sectors has seemingly left the research community a significant responsibility in developing a more robust portfolio of materials solutions. Specifically, it has become clear that beyond simply meeting/exceeding the current technical requirements, new technologies would do well to align with the goals of sustainable development in supporting market growth. Current state-of-the-art, Li-ion cathodes, based heavily in Ni, will continue to play an important role. However, alternatives to these chemistries will be critical in diversifying supply chains and expanding the available portfolio of electrode materials towards a more sustainable future. Among the potential candidates for next-generation cathodes are Lithium- and Manganese-rich oxides. These oxides remain attractive because of their intrinsically high, specific capacities/energies and the economic benefits they offer through earth-abundant, Mn-rich (&gt;50%) compositions. This presentation will discuss research and development efforts at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at advancing cathode materials that are rich in manganese and have the potential to be cost competitive for electric vehicle applications and beyond. Research efforts into mitigation of issues related to several identified critical barriers , such as impedance, will be discussed.
Spectral Narrowing in Coherent Rayleigh Scattering (2007)

Spectral narrowing of the coherent Rayleigh scattering line shape in a room temperature CO(2) gas (2.5 x 10(23) m(-3)) with intense fields in the 10(15) W m(-2) range is observed. The line shape saturates to a width of approximately half that observed at low pump intensities and indicates a transition from scattering primarily from untrapped molecules to that from both trapped and untrapped molecules that are localized by the deep (60 K) optical potentials produced by the pump beams. At higher densities (5 x 10(24) m(-3)), collisions between the trapped and untrapped molecules broaden the spectral profile.
A New Type of Capacitive Machine (2015)

The paper proposes a new type of the synchronous capacitive machine operated on a principle of the electric field effect. The proposed machine has smaller size and lighter weight than the standard electromagnetic synchronous machines with the same rated parameters. Another important advantage is a simple structure of the machine, which simplifies the production process and reduces the costs of the motor. The paper also presents extensive simulation results of the proposed capacitive machine. The simulation results show that the proposed machine is able to reach the same power output as the electromagnetic machines.
D-Net: a laboratory prototype of a deflection network (2003)

The first implementation of a laboratory prototype of a deflection network, named D-Net, is discussed. The performance of some network topologies suited for deflection networks is summarized. The architecture of the network nodes is reviewed. In particular, the microcontroller and the other commercially available devices constituting the node are described, and the structure of a custom chip implementing the switching fabric is outlined. A possible application of the network is explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interstratum Connection Design Considerations for Cost-Effective 3-D System Integration (2009)

Emerging 3-D multistrata system integration offers the capability for high density interstratum interconnects that have short lengths and low parasitics. However, 3-D integration is only one way to accomplish system integration and it must compete against established system integration options such as system-on-a-chip (SoC) and system-in-a-package. We discuss multiple tradeoffs that need to be carefully considered for choosing 3-D integration over other integration schemes. The first step toward enabling 3-D design is characterizing the new interstratum connection elements, microconnects and through-Si vias, in a bonded 3-D technology. We have used both analytical- and simulation-based approaches to analyze the parasitic characteristics of interstratum connections between bonded 3-D stratum, and have compared the interstratum power and performance with SoC global interconnects, taking into account the impact of technology scaling. The specific elements in an interstratum connection and their electrical properties strongly depend on the choice of 3-D integration architecture, such as face-to-face, back-to-face, or the presence of redistribution layer for bonding. We present an adaptive interstratum IO circuit technique to drive various types of interstratum connections and thus enable 3-D die reuse across multiple 3-D chips. The 3-D die/intellectual property reuse concept with the adaptive interstratum IO design can be applied to design 3-D ready dice to amortize additional 3-D costs associated with strata design, test, and bonding process.
Improving Anesthesia Safety in Low-Resource Settings (2018)

The safety of anesthesia characteristic of high-income countries today is not matched in low-resource settings with poor infrastructure, shortages of anesthesia providers, essential drugs, equipment, and supplies. Health care is delivered through complex systems. Achieving sustainable widespread improvement globally will require an understanding of how to influence such systems. Health outcomes depend not only on a country's income, but also on how resources are allocated, and both vary substantially, between and within countries. Safety is particularly important in anesthesia because anesthesia is intrinsically hazardous and not intrinsically therapeutic. Nevertheless, other elements of the quality of health care, notably access, must also be considered. More generally, there are certain prerequisites within society for health, captured in the Jakarta declaration. It is necessary to have adequate infrastructure (notably for transport and primary health care) and hospitals capable of safely carrying out the "Bellwether Procedures" (cesarean delivery, laparotomy, and the treatment of compound fractures). Surgery, supported by safe anesthesia, is critical to the health of populations, but avoidable harm from health care (including very high mortality rates from anesthesia in many parts of the world) is a major global problem. Thus, surgical and anesthesia services must not only be provided, they must be safe. The global anesthesia workforce crisis is a major barrier to achieving this. Many anesthetics today are administered by nonphysicians with limited training and little access to supervision or support, often working in very challenging circumstances. Many organizations, notably the World Health Organization and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, are working to improve access to and safety of anesthesia and surgery around the world. Challenges include collaboration with local stakeholders, coordination of effort between agencies, and the need to influence national health policy makers to achieve sustainable improvement. It is conceivable that safe anesthesia and perioperative care could be provided for essential surgical services today by clinicians with moderate levels of training using relatively simple (but appropriately designed and maintained) equipment and a limited number of inexpensive generic medications. However, there is a minimum standard for these resources, below which reasonable safety cannot be assured. This minimum (at least) should be available to all. Not only more resources, but also more equitable distribution of existing resources is required. Thus, the starting point for global access to safe anesthesia is acceptance that access to health care in general should be a basic human right everywhere.
An Inequality for the Sum of Independent Bounded Random Variables (2012)

We give a simple inequality for the sum of independent bounded random variables. This inequality improves on the celebrated result of Hoeffding in a special case. It is optimal in the limit where the sum tends to a Poisson random variable.
The Purified Activated Glucocorticoid Receptor is a Homodimer (1989)

The structure of purified preparations of activated (DNA-binding) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was analyzed in the presence or absence of DNA. A 35-base pair DNA fragment harboring a strong GR-binding site from the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter (-189/-166) was used for stoichiometric analysis of the GR.DNA complex. Glycerol gradient centrifugation was utilized in order to separate the 6 S GR.DNA complex from the 4 S GR and the 3 S DNA fragment. Synthetic glucocorticoid [3H]triamcinolone acetonide bound to GR and 32P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragment were used as probes for quantitation of each component. Such experiments demonstrated that two hormone molecules (two 87.5-kDa GR peptides) are associated with each cognate DNA site. Quantitative DNase I footprinting confirmed this result. The formation of the GR.DNA complex was ligand-dependent, but once formed the complex remained stable after ligand dissociation. Incubation of GR with 0.01-0.1% (w/v) glutaraldehyde resulted in a shift in its sedimentation rate from 4 to 6 S. Gel filtration chromatography of glutaraldehyde-treated GR resulted in a complex of slightly larger size than the gamma-globulin standard (158 kDa). Gel filtration of GR without glutaraldehyde treatment gave the identical result. This suggests that a GR multimer, probably a homodimer, is stable during gel filtration chromatography but needs to be stabilized by glutaraldehyde cross-linking or DNA during glycerol gradient centrifugation. We conclude that the activated GR exists as a homodimer when unbound as well as when bound to DNA.
Biological Control of Rice Leaf Blast with Exserohilum monoceras, a Pathogen of Echinochloa Species. (1999)

Pre-inoculation with a suspension of 106conidia/ml of Exserohilum monoceras, a pathogen of Echinochloa species, within the 7 days prior to challenge inoculation with Pyricularia oryzae, reduced the number of rice blast lesions in the greenhouse, regardless of rice variety. In the field, a single foliar application of a conidial suspension of E. monoceras reduced lesions on leaves by more than 85% in the 2 to 6 weeks after application. Blast on non-inoculated leaves in these plots was also suppressed. The result suggests that inhibition of primary blast development by the application will reduce the chance of new infections to upper leaves, although E. monoceras did not induce systemic host resistance in the greenhouse test. Double, triple and quadruple applications with a week between applications, produced the same results. Transplanting E. oryzicola plants with disease caused by E. monoceras between rice hill rows in paddy fields, also suppressed blast, suggesting that conidia from lesions on diseased E. oryzicola plants may be dispersed to rice plants and suppress blast. Moreover, the effect of the application of E. monoceras on rice growth and yield was examined in a paddy field and compared with that of commonly used chemical fungicides. Single and double applications did not affect plant culm length, panicle length, panicle number, plant dry weight or grain yield, whereas triple applications reduced culm length, and the quadruple application reduced culm length, plant dry weight and grain yield. Provided that it is not applied more twice, E. monoceras is a promising biological agent for the control of rice blast with no adverse effects on rice growth and grain yield.