gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Bitumen Fractions by Thin-Layer Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection (2001)

Thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) allows for the fractionation of bitumen into four fractions, namely, the saturates, the aromatics, the resins A and the resins B (SARAB). The technique is rapid and economical, but it lacks reproducibility. The effect of chromarod aging on reproducibility was investigated along with that of the time between bitumen dissolution and its analysis (time lapse effects). It is found that chromarod aging causes a 2−5% variation in SARAB content, and that time lapse causes a 50−75% variation in the aromatics and resins A content. The effect of time lapse stems from the aging of bitumen in solution. A mechanism for this aging is provided. It is demonstrated to be a physical rather than a chemical transformation of bitumen that reveals itself as a conversion of aromatics into resins. The physical nature of aging is shown by the absence of oxidation and aromatization in solution and by the successful modeling of aging after a reversible process. The conversion of aromatics into resins is explained by the grouping of alkyl-aromatics into micelles. Micelles mimic resins during chromatography and cause an apparent increase in resins concentration.
Studies of pyrrolizidines and related compounds. Part XIV. Ring transformation of 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrrolizinium perchlorates into 1-substituted 5-oxo-perhydroazocines. (1990)

A facile ring transformation of 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydropyrrolizinium perchlorates (1 and 2) to 1-substituted 5-oxoperhydroazocines (5) is described. The spectroscopic and chemical properties of these products are also presented.
HLA Class II–Mediated Death Is Induced Via Fas/Fas Ligand Interactions in Human Splenic B Lymphocytes (1997)

HLA class II molecules, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are responsible for the presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CD4+ helper T lymphocytes. Signaling via these molecules initiates the generation of second messengers leading to programed cell death (PCD) of activated B lymphocytes. The present study examined the mechanism of HLA class II-mediated apoptosis and describes the essential role of the molecule Fas and its ligand (FasL). FasL was expressed in B lymphocytes after stimulation via HLA class II or with phorbol esters. Expression of FasL protein was significantly increased in 50% of B lymphocytes after stimulation via HLA class II, and the level of FasL mRNA was also increased either by activation with phorbol esters and ionomycin or by signaling via HLA class II. Although HLA class II signaling did not change the expression of the Fas molecule, it did lead to increased sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The crucial role of Fas/FasL interactions was confirmed by the absence of cell death via HLA class II in B cells lacking Fas expression, and by the significant inhibition of HLA class II-mediated apoptosis in the presence of either an antagonistic anti-Fas or anti-FasL antibody. These data demonstrate FasL expression on activated human B lymphocytes and support the idea that antigen presentation could contribute to the regulation of lymphocyte populations via Fas and FasL interactions.
Study on Treatment of Municipal Wastewater with Biochemistry Process (2012)

Treatment of municipal wastewater with biological/chemical process was studied in this paper. Chemical agents-polyaluninum sulfate was selected in this test to determine the effect on phosphorus removal and to assess the effect of coagulants on denitrification and organics removal by using coagulants cooperated with organisms. The result indicated that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus increased by 74.2%, and raised noticeably and meets the first class standard(GB 8978-1996) ,the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and organic increased by 0.04% and 8.2%. It was verified that the PAS together with activated sludge have the synergistic effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the organic compound removal.
Safety assessment of the process Sharpak Bridgewater, based on Starlinger Decon technology, used to recycle post‐consumer PET into food contact materials (2019)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Sharpak Bridgewater (EU register number RECYC166). The input is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, mainly bottles, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are preheated before being submitted to solid-state polycondensation (SSP) in a continuous reactor at high temperature under vacuum and gas flow. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the preheating (step 2) and the decontamination in the continuous SSP reactor (step 3) are the critical steps that determine the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these critical steps are temperature, pressure, residence time and gas flow. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill, is not considered of safety concern. Trays made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used, in microwave and conventional ovens and such use is not covered by this evaluation.
Easy OWL drawing with the graphol visual ontology language (2016)

GRAPHOL is a visual language designed to help non-experts to understand and specify ontologies. Our language builds on the Entity-Relationship model, but has a formal semantics and higher expressiveness. Notably, OWL 2 can be completely encoded in GRAPHOL. Thanks to the novel opensource Eddy ontology editor, designers can easily draw GRAPHOL diagrams corresponding to OWL ontologies and export them into standard OWL 2 format. Both GRAPHOL and Eddy have been used in several successful industrial projects and are currently under active development. This paper reports on our more recent progresses.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on noise-induced temporary threshold shift and temporary emission shift (2004)

Animal research has shown that antioxidants can provide significant protection to the cochlea from traumatic noise exposure with some benefit when given after the exposure. Similar results in humans would have a significant impact on both prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on temporary threshold shift (TTS) by using both behavioral and physiological measures. Sixteen healthy, normal-hearing subjects were given NAC or a placebo prior to exposure to a 10-min, 102-dB narrow-band noise, centered at 2 kHz. This exposure was designed to induce a 10–15-dB TTS. Following the noise exposure, pure-tone thresholds (Bekesy) and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were measured for 60 min to monitor the effects of NAC on TTS recovery. Postexposure measures were compared to baseline data. [Work supported by American BioHealth Group.]
Cell Surface Determinants Associated with the Interaction of Human CTL Clones and Autologous Tumor Cells (1985)

Activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of tumor patients by mitogenic lectins (1), allogeneic lymphocytes (2) or autologous tumor cells (3–5) has been shown to result in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes that are able to lyse autologous tumor cells in vitro. These findings indicate that in these lymphocyte bulk cultures clones of cytotoxic lymphocytes with auto-tumor reactivity are generated. The aim of the studies described here was 1) to isolate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones with auto-tumor reactivity from mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures (MLTC) in which PBL of melanoma of B-lymphoma patients were cocultivated with irradiated autologous melanoma or autologous B-lymphoma cells (6,7); 2) to analyse the specificity of these CTL clones, and 3) to study the specific recognition- and interaction structures associated with CTL clone — autologous tumor cell interaction.
Balancing Traffic Load for Multi-Node Multicast in a Wormhole 2-D Torus/Mesh (2001)

This paper considers the multi-node multicast problem in a wormhole-routed 2-D torus/mesh, where an arbitrary number of source nodes each intends to multicast a message to an arbitrary set of destinations. To resolve the contention and the congestion problems, we propose to partition the network into subnetworks to distribute, and thus balance, the traffic load among all network links. Several ways to partition the network are explored. The network-partitioning idea was used in earlier works for single-node broadcast and single-node multicast. This paper contributes in extending its applicability to multi-node multicast and demonstrating its capability to balance load on torus/mesh. Simulation results show significant improvement over existing results for torus and mesh networks.
Acoustic topic model for audio information retrieval (2009)

A new algorithm for content-based audio information retrieval is introduced in this work. Assuming that there exist hidden acoustic topics and each audio clip is a mixture of those acoustic topics, we proposed a topic model that learns a probability distribution over a set of hidden topics of a given audio clip in an unsupervised manner. We use the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method for the topic model, and introduce the notion of acoustic words for supporting modeling within this framework. In audio description classification tasks using Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the BBC database, the proposed acoustic topic model shows promising results by outperforming the Latent Perceptual Indexing (LPI) method in classifying onomatopoeia descriptions and semantic descriptions.
Occupational-like organophosphate exposure disrupts microglia and accelerates deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (2019)

Occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), though the mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we subjected 4-month-old male and female wild-type (WT) and TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic AD model, to an occupational CPF exposure paradigm that recapitulates biomarkers and behavioral impairments experienced by agricultural workers. Subsequent cognition and neuropathology were analyzed over the next 20 months. CPF exposure caused chronic microglial dysregulation and accelerated neurodegeneration in both males and females. The effect on neurodegeneration was more severe in males, and was also associated with accelerated cognitive impairment. Females did not exhibit accelerated cognitive impairment after CPF exposure, and amyloid deposition and tauopathy were unchanged in both males and females. Microglial dysregulation may mediate the increased risk of AD associated with occupational organophosphate exposure, and future therapies to preserve or restore normal microglia might help prevent AD in genetically vulnerable individuals exposed to CPF or other disease-accelerating environmental agents.
Soy and other legumes: ‘Bean’ around a long time but are they the ‘superfoods’ of the millennium and what are the safety issues for their constituent phytoestrogens? (2000)

The recognition that legumes and, in particular, soybeans provide not only an excellent source of vegetable protein but also contain appreciable amounts of a number of phytoprotectants has increased general awareness of their potential nutritional and health properties. Since the discovery that soybeans are one of the richest dietary sources of bioavailable phytoestrogens, this legume has been elevated to the forefront of clinical nutritional research. These natural 'selective oestrogen receptor modulators' have been shown to be bioactive. The recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for a health claim for soy protein reducing risk for heart disease by its effects on lowering cholesterol levels has led to the increased awareness of the health benefits of soy protein. However, the presence of high levels of phytoestrogens in soybeans has also led to concerns over the potential safety of soy foods. This review will focus on the cardioprotective benefits of legumes and discuss the hypothetical concerns regarding the constituent phytoestrogens.
08: Softwaretechnik 1, Vorlesung, SS 2017, 22.05.2017 (2017)

08 | 0:00:00 Starten 0:00:41 Folgerungen aus dem Substitutionsprinzip (IV) Zulässige Varianz 0:02:01 Folgerungen aus dem Substitutionsprinzip (V) 0:09:07 Polymorphie 0:10:15 Beispiel ""Dynamische Polymorphie"" 0:11:42 Was es beim Klassendiagramm noch gibt... 0:12:39 Sichtbarkeit/""Zugriffsschutz"" 0:14:44 Beispiel zu Sichtbarkeit 0:15:10 Literatur 0:18:43 UML-Diagramme 0:19:34 Anwendungsfalldiagramm 0:21:24 Definition 0:22:08 Beispiel ""Groupware-System"" 0:23:15 Weitere Diagrammelemente 0:25:35 Aktivitätsdiagramm 0:26:40 Beispiel 0:28:58 Elemente eines Aktivitätsdiagramms 0:30:44 Elemente eines Aktivitätsdiagramms (2) 0:33:46 Ausführungssemantik - Aktionen 0:35:54 Ausführungssemantik - Beispiel 0:36:16 Ausführungssemantik Beispiel - Animation 0:39:13 Elemente eines Aktivitätsdiagramms (3) 0:40:15 Elemente eines Aktivitätsdiagramms (4) 0:41:17 Elemente eines Aktivitätsdiagramms (5) 0:43:10 Interaktionsdiagramme 0:44:10 Sequenzdiagramm (engl. sequence diagram) 0:46:19 Beispiel 0:52:07 Elemente Sequenzdiagramm 0:53:37 Weitere Notationselemente 1:01:36 Operatoren 1:02:59 Zustandsdiagramm (engl. state machine) 1:04:31 Beispiel ""Flugreservierung"" 1:07:33 Zustandsdiagramm 1:09:59 Aktionen (engl. action) 1:10:55 Weitere Möglichkeiten 1:17:10 Paketdiagramm 1:18:18 Beispiel 1:20:32 Literatur
Seeing the Light: Luminescent Reporter Gene Assays (2011)

The luminescent reporter gene assay (LRGA) is arguably the most prominent type of reporter gene assay used in biomolecular and pharmaceutical development laboratories. Part of this popularity is due to the high signal associated with luciferases, the foundation of this technology. This feature makes them ideally suited for high throughput screening applications where potentially millions of chemical compounds can be analyzed in a given assay. Recent technical advancements that enhance signal stability of the luciferases along with development and commercialization of multiple forms of luciferases, their respective substrates, and improvements in expression vectors for reporter gene assay (RGA) applications have broadened their use. While the practical challenges related to the application of luminescent technology in a laboratory setting have been overcome, there remains much to do in laying a systematic approach towards the construction of RGAs, which are essential to the elucidation of the basic biology for genes of interest. This mini-review aims at giving a birds-eye view of the available luciferases, substrates and other luminescent technologies available and provides a general blueprint as well as practical considerations for constructing and interfacing RGAs with chemical biology and functional genomics for the elucidation of fundamental biological questions and for biomedical research.
Erratum: Rapid chemical and topological ordering in supercooled liquid Cu46Zr54[Phys. Rev. B83, 094116 (2011)] (2012)

The constant value for the emissivity (), used to calculate C p (T ) [shown in Fig. The actual value used in the calculation was = 0.25.
Role Of Verapamil (Calcium Blocker) In The Reduction Of Platelet Deposition In Gore-Tex Grafts In Dogs (1981)

Platelet calcium appears to be essential in platelet activation. Accordingly, Verapamil (a channel calcium blocker) was tested “in vivo” as a possible platelet inhibitor agent. Fifteen dogs underwent bilateral femoral artery grafting with one polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) and one autologous vein graft. Peroperatively, five dogs were infused continuously with Verapamil (6 μgs/kg/min) and 9 dogs were left untreated and the arterial prostheses were surgically implanted. Using autologous Indium-111-labeled platelets injected 24 hours prior to surgery as a platelet marker, grafts were removed 1 hour following resumption of blood flow. Radioactivity per unit weight of Gore-Tex, vein and blood were determined with a gamma counter and the relative radioactivity with respect to the internal reference standard of blood is tabulated below Verapamil-treated dogs showed a significant reduction in the “in vivo” platelet deposition on Gore-Tex and autologous venous grafts. Preliminary data indicates that “in vitro” platelet aggregation with soluble calf skin collagen (515 μg/ml) and ADP (2-100 μm) is not different between control and drug-treated dogs. Calcium channel blockers may be promising “in vivo” platelet inhibitor agents; in addition, they may provide further understanding of the different processes involved in “in vivo” and “in vitro” platelet activation.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Chelate Ligands Containing Cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl and Fluorenyl Donors − Diastereoselectivity and NMR Structure Analysis (2001)

The functionalised oxetane O(CH2)2C(CH2Br)(CH2OMs) (1) is transformed into tripod ligands ROCH2C(CH2PPh2)(CH2PR′2)(CH2Cp#) (R = H, SiMe3; R′ = Ph, Et; Cp# = indenyl, fluorenyl) (4) in a few steps. Epichlorohydrin O(CH2)CH(CH2Cl) (5) allows for diastereoselective one-pot syntheses of the Cp-functionalised chelate ligands (Cp#CH2)C(H)OH(CH2PPh2) (Cp# = Cp, indenyl, fluorenyl) (6). The SiMe3-protected derivatives of these ligands react with RuCl2(PPh3)3 to produce {Me3SiOCH(CH2-η1-PPh2)(CH2-η5-Cp#)Ru(PPh3)(Cl)} (Cp# = Cp, indenyl) (15) with high diastereoselective preference. With the same starting material, tripod ligands 4 form Me3SiOCH2C(CH2-η1-PPh2)(CH2-η1-PR2)(CH2-η5-Indenyl)RuCl (R = Ph, Et) (16). As shown by complete NMR spectroscopy based structure analyses (DG methods) of 16, the formation of 16 (R = Et) is diastereoselective. The only diastereomer which is observed is the one in which the PEt2 donor and the phenylene part of the indenyl ligand are juxtaposed. In addition to quantitative NMR spectroscopy structure analyses, traditional analytical techniques, including X-ray analyses, were used to confirm the results.
The effect of chemical modification of activated carbon cloth on the adsorption capacity of organics and water vapor (1996)

In an effort to maximize VOC adsorption, particularly in the case of compounds which are not readily adsorbed on activated carbon cloth (ACC), e.g., acetaldeyde, and to minimize the adsorption of water vapor, several chemical treatments were performed on virgin ACC-20. A sulfuric/nitric acid treatment produced a highly oxidized surface; chemical treatment with NH{sub 3} produced a basic surface and increased the nitrogen content of the ACC; and finally, Cl{sub 2} was used to produce a polar surface. Adsorption isotherms were measured for acetaldehyde, benzene, and water vapor to observe the effect on adsorption capacity for chemically treated ACC-20.
An Interactive Approach for Exploration of Flows Through Direction-Based Filtering (2017)

This paper is concerned with the representation and exploration of flows, defined as spatial interactions between geographic locations. Flows are challenging to display in a comprehensible manner due to the nature of the data, which are characterized by many crossings and overlaps leading to clutter. A number of different strategies have been suggested for addressing this problem, which commonly involve reducing the search space, aggregating the data or simplifying the representations often at the cost of information loss or distortion of spatial context. We propose an interactive approach for exploring large and highly connected networks of flows without distorting the geographical space and without losing the context overview in the process. The approach is based on a flow-specific interaction technique for filtering the data by direction, that enables an analyst to successively identify underlying spatial arrangement patterns. We illustrate our approach through exploring flows of tourists and locals in the Greater London area.
A High-Value, Low-Cost Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure System for Low-Resource Settings: Technical Assessment and Initial Case Reports (2013)

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of global child mortality. In the developing world, nasal oxygen therapy is often the only treatment option for babies who are suffering from respiratory distress. Without the added pressure of bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) which helps maintain alveoli open, babies struggle to breathe and can suffer serious complications, and frequently death. A stand-alone bCPAP device can cost $6,000, too expensive for most developing world hospitals. Here, we describe the design and technical evaluation of a new, rugged bCPAP system that can be made in small volume for a cost-of-goods of approximately $350. Moreover, because of its simple design--consumer-grade pumps, medical tubing, and regulators--it requires only the simple replacement of a <$1 diaphragm approximately every 2 years for maintenance. The low-cost bCPAP device delivers pressure and flow equivalent to those of a reference bCPAP system used in the developed world. We describe the initial clinical cases of a child with bronchiolitis and a neonate with respiratory distress who were treated successfully with the new bCPAP device.
Structural factors controlling the transition between columnar hexagonal and helical mesophase in triphenylene liquid crystals (2001)

A series of novel triphenylenes has been synthesised by a combination of palladium catalysed coupling, oxidative cyclisation, bromination and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The new derivatives are designed to have structures which are intermediate between the known symmetrical materials hexakis(hexyloxy)triphenylene and hexakis(hexylthio)triphenylene. The compounds having four hexyloxy and two hexylthio substituents form only Colh mesophases. Triphenylenes having four hexylthio and two hexyloxy substituents also give Colh mesophases but 3,6-bis(hexyloxy)-2,7,10,11-tetrakis(hexylthio)triphenylene 5 is unique in that it cools into a stable, more ordered phase. The low temperature phase, which appears to be indefinitely stable at ambient temperature, is assumed to be helical based on transition enthalpy data.