gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly substituted poly(2,3‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives having bulky phenyl and fluorenyl pendant groups: Synthesis, characterization, and electro‐optical properties (2006)

Abstract Two series of poly(2,3‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (DP‐PPV) derivatives containing multiple bulky substituents were synthesized. In the first series, two different groups were incorporated on C‐5,6 positions of the phenylene moiety to increase steric hindrance and to obtain blue‐shifted emissions. In the second series, bulky fluorenyl groups with two hexyl chains on the C‐9 position were introduced on two phenyl pendants to increase the solubility as well as steric hindrance to prevent close packing of the main chain. Polymers with high molecular weights and fine‐tuned electro‐optical properties were obtained by controlling the feed ratio of different monomers during polymerization. The maximum photoluminescent emissions of the thin films are located between 384 and 541 nm. Cyclic voltammetric analysis reveals that the band gaps of these light‐emitting materials are in the range from 2.4 to 3.3 eV. A double‐layer EL device with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/P4/Ca/Al emitted pure green light with CIE′1931 at (0.24, 0.5). Using copolymer P6 as the emissive layer, the maximum luminescence and current efficiency were both improved when compared with the homopolymer P4. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6738–6749, 2006
The measurement of the rocking behaviour of graphite bricks using ultrasound (2004)

Abstract Assemblies of graphite bricks are found in graphite cored nuclear reactors throughout the world. In such reactors the graphite bricks, which are used to moderate the nuclear fission reaction, are assembled in arrays of the order of 10 m in height and 10m in width. The bricks themselves come in a range of shapes and sizes. The static and dynamic response of such structures is dependent on both the properties of the bulk material and the nature of the interface between individual bricks. Typical real surfaces exhibit some form of macroscopic waviness in addition to the microscopic roughness and therefore only a small fraction of the surfaces are in contact. This interfacial behaviour has been found to be one of the most significant factors affecting the rocking behaviour of dry-jointed structures, such as graphite cored reactors, and has proved one of the most difficult to explore experimentally. This paper describes a novel application of the ultrasonic measurement technique for the investigation of the effect of microscopic and macroscopic surface features on the rocking behaviour of graphite bricks. An ultrasonic scanning system has been combined with a loading rig to enable factors such as the size of the contact area and its position relative to the edge of a brick to be measured in situ as the brick is loaded. The ultrasound is used to measure the contact pressure distribution between a brick and a rigid foundation. This information has been used in a model to predict the rocking stiffness of the brick-foundation system and good comparisons with rocking experiments achieved. This measurement system could also be used to study the rocking behaviour of other systems of dry contacting blocks such as those found in costal defences and ancient buildings.
Preventing Foodborne Illness: Bacillus cereus (2017)

Ingesting foods contaminated with Bacillus cereus bacteria can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Though B. cereus is commonly found in many types of fresh and processed foods, proper cooking, handling, and storage can minimize the risk of contamination. This revised 6-page fact sheet explains how B. cereus is transmitted, what foods it is commonly associated with, the methods used to prevent contamination, and good practices for receiving, handling, processing, and storing food. Written by Keith R. Schneider, Renée Goodrich Schneider, Rachael Silverberg, Ploy Kurdmongkoltham, and Bruna Bertoldi, and published by the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, April 2017. FSHN15-06/FS269: Preventing Foodborne Illness: Bacillus cereus (ufl.edu)
Non-specific Effect of Vaccines: Immediate Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (2018)

The non-specific effects (NSEs) of vaccines have been discussed for their potential long-term beneficial effects beyond direct protection against a specific pathogen. Cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine (CAIV) induces local innate immune responses that provide a broad range of antiviral immunity. Herein, we examined whether X-31ca, a donor virus for CAIVs, provides non-specific cross-protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The degree of RSV replication was significantly reduced when X-31ca was administered before RSV infection without any RSV-specific antibody responses. The vaccination induced an immediate release of cytokines and infiltration of leukocytes into the respiratory tract, moderating the immune perturbation caused by RSV infection. The potency of protection against RSV challenge was significantly reduced in TLR3<sup>-/-</sup> TLR7<sup>-/-</sup> mice, confirming that the TLR3/7 signaling pathways are necessary for the observed immediate and short-term protection. The results suggest that CAIVs provide short-term, non-specific protection against genetically unrelated respiratory pathogens. The additional benefits of CAIVs in mitigating acute respiratory infections for which vaccines are not yet available need to be assessed in future studies.
Data from LKB1 and KEAP1/NRF2 Pathways Cooperatively Promote Metabolic Reprogramming with Enhanced Glutamine Dependence in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, tumors with LKB1 loss (KL) are highly enriched for concurrent &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt; mutations, which activate the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway (KLK). Here, we investigated the biological consequences of these cooccurring alterations and explored whether they conferred specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. Compared with KL tumors, KLK tumors exhibited increased expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the redox homeostasis signature. Using isogenic pairs with knockdown or overexpression of LKB1, KEAP1, and NRF2, we found that LKB1 loss results in increased energetic and redox stress marked by increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of ATP, NADPH/NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ratio, and glutathione. Activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 axis in LKB1-deficient cells enhanced cell survival and played a critical role in the maintenance of energetic and redox homeostasis in a glutamine-dependent manner. LKB1 and the KEAP1/NRF2 pathways cooperatively drove metabolic reprogramming and enhanced sensitivity to the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Overall, these findings elucidate the adaptive advantage provided by KEAP1/NRF2 pathway activation in KL tumors and support clinical testing of glutaminase inhibitor in subsets of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant non–small cell lung cancer, LKB1 loss results in enhanced energetic/redox stress, which is tolerated, in part, through cooccurring KEAP1/NRF2–dependent metabolic adaptations, thus enhancing glutamine dependence and vulnerability to glutaminase inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Associations between histologic features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and quantitative diffusion‐weighted MRI measurements in adults (2014)

Steatosis and fibrosis have significant independent effects on D and F in adults undergoing biopsy for NAFLD.
Characterization of ultrasonic backscatter based on generalized entropy (2002)

This paper presents a novel approach to ultrasound backscatter characterization based on generalized entropy. This approach makes no assumptions about the specific scattering distribution. Low order Renyi and Tsallis entropies have a higher dynamic range than Shannon entropy over a range of scattering conditions, and are therefore useful in estimating scatterer density and regularity. A neural network estimator is constructed to illustrate the validity of this approach.
Improved excimer laser planarization of AlSi with addition of Ti or Cu (2003)

A report is presented on AlSi(1%), AlSi(1%)Ti(0.1%), and AlSi(1%)Cu(0.5%) alloy planarization results using a XeCl excimer laser. The authors find that excellent planarization is achieved when filling submicron contact hole structures. However, for the AlSi alloy, spot ablation occurs which is characterized by the removal of metal. This is not the case for the AlSiCu and the AlSiTi alloys. The best morphology is obtained for the AlSiTi alloy with large areas completely free of ablation and pitting. These results indicate that reliable planarization over large device areas can be achieved using the AlSiTi alloy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single nucleotide polymorphism detection in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene using bacterial magnetic particles based on dissociation curve analysis (2004)

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene based on DNA thermal dissociation curve analysis was successfully demonstrated using an automated system with bacterial magnetic particles (BMPs) by developing a new method for avoiding light scattering caused by nanometer-size particles when using commercially available fluorescent dyes such as FITC, Cy3, and Cy5 as labeling chromophores. Biotin-labeled PCR products in ALDH2, two allele-specific probes (Cy3-labeled detection probe for ALDH2*1 and Cy5-labeled detection probe for ALDH2*2), streptavidin-immobilized BMPs (SA-BMPs) were simultaneously mixed. The mixture was denatured at 70 degrees C for 3 min, cooled slowly to 25 degrees C, and incubated for 10 min, allowing the DNA duplex to form between Cy3- or Cy5-labeled detection probes and biotin-labeled PCR products on SA-BMPs. Then duplex DNA-BMP complex was heated to 58 degrees C, a temperature determined by dissociation curve analysis and a dissociated single-base mismatched detection probe was removed at the same temperature under precise control. Furthermore, fluorescence signal from the detection probe was liberated into the supernatant from completely matched duplex DNA-BMP complex by heating to 80 degrees C and measured. In the homozygote target DNA (ALDH2*1/*1 and ALDH2*2/*2), the fluorescence signals from single-base mismatched were decreased to background level, indicating that mismatched hybridization was efficiently removed by the washing process. In the heterozygote target DNA (ALDH2*1/*2), each fluorescence signals was at a similar level. Therefore, three genotypes of SNP in ALDH2 gene were detected using the automated detection system with BMPs.
CD8+ lymphocytes respond to different HIV epitopes in seronegative and infected subjects (2001)

HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been detected at a low frequency in many HIV-1-exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) subjects. However, it is unclear how CTLs could protect against HIV acquisition in HEPS subjects, when high levels of circulating CTL fail to prevent disease progression in most seropositive subjects. To address this issue we studied CD8(+) lymphocyte responses to a panel of HIV-1 CTL epitopes in 91 HEPS and 87 HIV-1-infected Nairobi sex workers. HIV-specific responses in seropositive women focused strongly on epitopes rarely or never recognized in HEPS subjects, who targeted epitopes that were subdominant or unrecognized in infected women. These differences in epitope specificity were restricted by only those HLA class I alleles that are associated with a reduced risk of HIV-1 infection in this cohort. Late seroconversion in HEPS donors was associated with a switch in epitope specificity and/or immunodominance to those epitopes preferentially recognized by HIV-1-infected women. The likelihood of detecting HIV-1-specific responses in HEPS women increased with the duration of viral exposure, suggesting that HIV-1-specific CD8(+) responses are acquired over time. The association between differential recognition of distinct CTL epitopes and protection from HIV-1 infection may have significant implications for vaccine design.
A bit-shifting-based fuzzy inference for self-organizing relationship (SOR) network (2007)

We propose a bit-shifting-based fuzzy inference method for an efficient digital hardware implementation. The proposed fuzzy inference method includes two new techniques which are a membership function generating method and a fast defuzzification method using only “active units”. These techniques reduce a hardware cost and a calculation cost for the membership function and the defuzzification, respectively. In this paper, we apply the proposed method to an execution mode of self-organizing relationship network. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a good approximation ability of a nonlinear I/O relationship as well as the ordinary method.
Reannotation of the CELO genome characterizes a set of previously unassigned open reading frames and points to novel modes of host interaction in avian adenoviruses (2003)

We could characterize most of the previously unassigned ORFs pointing to functions in host-virus interaction. The results provide new directives for rationally designed experiments.
Comparative study of the in vitro apatite‐forming ability of poly(ε‐caprolactone)–silica sol–gels using three osteoconductivity tests (static, dynamic, and alternate soaking process) (2004)

The in vitro apatite-forming ability of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (70 wt %)-silica sol-gels, with hydroxyl and triethoxysilane end-groups with potential use in bone repair have been assessed using static and dynamic osteoconductivity tests. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microanalysis techniques were used to observe and characterize precipitates formed on the material's surface. An apatite layer was observed to form on both of the composites' surface. However, variations were observed according to the test method used, in accordance with other studies on bioactive ceramics. A third method, the "alternate soaking process" (ASP) was developed to provide rapid results and quantify the amount of calcium-containing precipitates formed on the surface of potentially "bioactive" materials. The results presented here show that for a material to be bioactive and have the ability to form a precipitate containing calcium and phosphate ions, levels of calcium ions measured by a complexometric assay should be significantly higher than the level of 5 microg/cm(2). This level of calcium ions was obtained after 20 ASP cycles for the hydroxyl and triethoxysilane end-capped poly(epsilon-caprolactone) samples that did not form precipitates on their surfaces even after >50 ASP cycles. For the two sol-gel silica composites containing approximately 70% hydroxyl and triethoxysilane poly(epsilon-caprolactone), there was no significant difference in the amount of calcium-containing precipitate as observed using the in vitro apatite-forming ability tests suggesting that polymer end-group modification is not detrimental to the apatite-forming ability of such composites.
Treatment of carotid artery aneurysms with platinum coils: an experimental study in dogs. (1990)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the consistency, patency, and natural history of a vein graft canine aneurysm model and to determine the effectiveness of various coil designs on inducing aneurysm thrombosis. Twenty-one sacculuslike aneurysms were created in mongrel dogs by anastomosing a vein pouch to the common carotid artery. The model produced wide-neck aneurysms with 100% patency. The canine vein graft aneurysm provided an excellent model for the evaluation of endovascular devices. Three types of specially designed platinum coils were placed in the aneurysms: those with simple curves, those with complex curves, and those with flower petal curves and silk fibers. These coils were placed by the endovascular route by means of microcatheters. Flower petal coils with silk fibers were effective in producing thrombosis of the aneurysms, suggesting that coils of the appropriate design may be useful in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms. The other coil designs evaluated, those with simple and complex curves without silk fibers, demonstrated insufficient thrombogenicity and spatial stability.
Cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (2006)

During the last decades, progress has been made in the treatment of patients who survived myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction are at high risk, with life expectancy half that of their peers who have not experienced similar events, and with increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events and death. The risk of sudden death increases with severity of systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction. In recent years, it has become clear that in addition to risk factors such as overweight, lack of exercise, smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, psychosocial factors play a key role for prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. Therefore, there is high medical need for drugs which lower the incidence of sudden death and have an effect on other risk factors such as depression. OMACOR[registered], a pharmaceutical preparation of highly purified and concentrated [OMEGA]-3 polyunsaturated acids, may present such a drug. It lowers the incidence of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and decreases depression. This publication focuses on the effect of [OMEGA]-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on different risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, aspects of prevention of cardiovascular disease, risk factors and pharmacokinetics of [OMEGA]-3 fatty acids ethyl esters are considered.
Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2018)

AbstractNinety percent of Rotterdam is located below sea level, with some areas as much as 6.1 meters (20 ft) below the North Sea. At the same time, the city relies on its functional port, Europe's largest. Rotterdam has overcome its challenges and has become a best practice case for flood resilience.
New formulation for derivatives of torsion angles and improper torsion angles in molecular mechanics: Elimination of singularities (1996)

A new set of formulae is developed for the derivatives of torsion angle energy terms and is introduced into the program CHARMM. These formulae, which are based on derivatives of the torsion angle itself, avoid the singularities introduced by use of the derivatives of the torsion angle cosine. The potential energy can include any differentiable function of the torsion angle and there is no need for a special treatment for cases where planar conformations are not extrema. The resulting code is simpler than the original version and yields correct derivatives in all practical situations. Because the minimum of the torsion energy can be at any angle, the functionality of the existing energy routines is generalized. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigating Metformin for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: The End of the Beginning (2012)

There are tantalizing clues that justify the investigation of antineoplastic activities of biguanides. The complexity of their biologic effects requires further translational research to guide clinical trial design.
Addressing RNA Integrity to Determine the Impact of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations on Brain Mitochondrial Function with Age (2014)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, but emerging experimental data question the fundamental role of mtDNA mutagenesis in age-associated mitochondrial impairment. The multicopy nature of mtDNA renders the impact of a given mtDNA mutation unpredictable. In this study, we compared mtDNA stability and mtRNA integrity during normal aging. Seven distinct sites in mouse brain mtDNA and corresponding mtRNA were analyzed. Accumulation of mtDNA mutations during aging was highly site-specific. The variation in mutation frequencies overrode the age-mediated increase by more than 100-fold and aging generally did not influence mtDNA mutagenesis. Errors introduced by mtRNA polymerase were also site-dependent and up to two hundred-fold more frequent than mtDNA mutations, and independent of mtDNA mutation frequency. We therefore conclude that mitochondrial transcription fidelity limits the impact of mtDNA mutations.
The relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis MGIT time to positivity and cfu in sputum samples demonstrates changing bacterial phenotypes potentially reflecting the impact of chemotherapy on critical sub-populations (2014)

These data suggest that there is a population of mycobacterial cells that are more numerous when detected in liquid than on solid medium. Increasing doses of rifampicin differentially kill this group of organisms. These findings support the idea that increased doses of rifampicin are more effective.
Retrieving Similar E-Commerce Images Using Deep Learning (2019)

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network for learning the embeddings of images in order to capture the notion of visual similarity. We present a deep siamese architecture that when trained on positive and negative pairs of images learn an embedding that accurately approximates the ranking of images in order of visual similarity notion. We also implement a novel loss calculation method using an angular loss metrics based on the problems requirement. The final embedding of the image is combined representation of the lower and top-level embeddings. We used fractional distance matrix to calculate the distance between the learned embeddings in n-dimensional space. In the end, we compare our architecture with other existing deep architecture and go on to demonstrate the superiority of our solution in terms of image retrieval by testing the architecture on four datasets. We also show how our suggested network is better than the other traditional deep CNNs used for capturing fine-grained image similarities by learning an optimum embedding.
An unequal error protection scheme for multiple input multiple output systems (2003)

Rapid progress has been made in the use of spatial diversity for reliable communication over wireless channels. A large amount of work has been done in the field of unequal error protection and joint source-channel coding for reliable and efficient transmission of data over wireline and wireless channels. However, the use of unequal error protection in the temporal domain, combined with the advantages of multiple input multiple output communication systems has yet to be explored. In this paper an unequal error protection scheme based on the combined use of turbo codes and space-time codes for communication over wireless channels is proposed. This scheme assigns more coding gain and temporal diversity to important bits but assigns more spatial diversity and less coding gain to less important bits. Simulations illustrate a 25% reduction in average transmission time and a 15 dB improvement compared with no spatial diversity.