gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Assisted Self-Organization of Colloidal Particles in Confining Aqueous Droplets (2006)

Monodisperse aqueous emulsion droplets encapsulating colloidal particles were produced in the oil phase, and controlled microwave irradiation of the aqueous drop phase created spherical colloidal crystals by so-called evaporation-induced self-organization of the colloidal particles. Unlike usual colloidal crystals, colloidal crystals in spherical symmetry (or photonic balls) possessed photonic band gaps for the normal incident light independent of the position all over the spherical surface. While the consolidation of colloidal particles in emulsion droplets in an oven took several hours, the present microwave-assisted evaporation could reduce the time for complete evaporation to a few tens of minutes. Under the microwave irradiation, the aqueous phase in emulsions was superheated selectively and the evaporation rate of water could be controlled easily by adjusting the microwave intensity. The result showed that the packing quality of colloidal crystals obtained by the microwave-assisted self-organization was good enough to show photonic band gap characteristics. The reflectance of our photonic balls responded precisely to any change in physical properties including the size of colloidal particles, refractive index mismatch, and angle of the incident beam. In particular, for polymeric particles, the photonic band gap could be tuned by the intensity of microwave irradiation, and the reflection color was red-shifted with stronger microwave irradiation. Finally, for better photonic band gap properties, inverted photonic balls were prepared by using the spherical colloidal crystals as sacrificial templates.
MCNP-PoliMi analysis of neutron-source penetrability in uranium-oxide samples measured with an active well coincidence counter (2010)

Active well coincidence counters (AWCCs) are widely used for nondestructive assay and nuclear-safeguards applications, mainly for special nuclear material. The measurement method is based on the detection of time-correlated neutrons from fission by <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He tubes embedded in a polyethylene moderator. The purported advantage of this method over traditional gamma-ray spectral analysis is the greater penetrability of neutrons in the measured sample. However, the degree of this advantage has not been yet fully quantified. In order to accurately characterize the AWCC response, the Monte Carlo simulations must take into account all detailes of an AWCC measurement. In this study, all these issues are addressed and a detailed simulation analysis of the measurement system is presented. The three-dimensional behavior of the neutron flux within the AWCC has been obtained through the analysis with the MCNPX-PoliMi code. Particular interest has been paid to the flux behavior within the analysis sample: a 4-kg can of U <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> powder. The distribution of fission reactions occurring in the sample is peaked near the bottom of the sample while it is fairly constant in the radial direction. The fission-position data were further analyzed in order to determine the origin of the captured neutrons. Approximately twice as many counted neutrons originate from the sample peripheries (both top and radial) than from the center. This means that the AWCC can `see' the interior of a bulk powder sample only half-as-well as the peripheries.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Complicating Orbital Exenteration (1989)

In three cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage complicating orbital exenteration, leakage occurred intraoperatively following relatively low-power (0 to 25 W), high-frequency monopolar cautery to the orbital roof. Six cadaver orbits and 25 dried skulls were examined to investigate possible causes of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. In this experimental model, monopolar cautery to the orbital roof did not cause cerebrospinal fluid leakage; however, cautery to preexistent foramina or experimentally created defects in the orbital bones did. In exenteration, monopolar cautery may transmit thermal energy through extant body defects in the orbital roof directly to the dura, resulting in its disruption. These defects may be congenital, tumor related, or iatrogenic. Alternative methods of hemostasis should probably be employed to control bleeding that occurs along the orbital roof during exenteration.
A Lagrangian, small-scale investigation of turbulent entrainment in an axisymmetric jet (2011)

Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was applied to study turbulent entrainment in an axisymmetric jet at Re = 5000. Several single-point flow statistics are used to characterize the general flow field of our newly designed jet facility, proving that a self-preserving axisymmetric jet could be established. An analysis of the Lagrangian evolution of small scale quantities, such as vorticity and strain, along trajectories passing the entrainment interface is performed. We find that a particle needs on the order of one Kolmogorov time scale to cross the entrainment interface, which is similar to results of grid turbulence without mean shear. Finally, we perform a conditional investigation of invariants of at the entrainment interface, analyzing joint probability density functions (joint PDFs) evaluated at different times along trajectories crossing the interfacial region.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Sheds Syndecan-1 Ectodomains through ZmpC, a Metalloproteinase Virulence Factor (2006)

Several microbial pathogens stimulate the ectodomain shedding of host cell surface proteins to promote their pathogenesis. We reported previously that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus activate the ectodomain shedding of syndecan-1 and that syndecan-1 shedding promotes P. aeruginosa pathogenesis in mouse models of lung and burned skin infections. However, it remains to be determined whether activation of syndecan-1 shedding is a virulence mechanism broadly used by pathogens. Here we show that Streptococcus pneumoniae stimulates syndecan-1 shedding in cell culture-based assays. S. pneumoniae-induced syndecan-1 shedding was repressed by peptide hydroxamate inhibitors of metalloproteinases but not by inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways previously found to be essential for syndecan-1 shedding caused by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, or other shedding agonists. A 170-kDa protein fraction with a peptide hydroxamate-sensitive shedding activity was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the 170-kDa fraction is composed of ZmpB and ZmpC, two metalloproteinase virulence factors of S. pneumoniae. Both the purified 170-kDa ZmpB/ZmpC fraction and unfractionated S. pneumoniae culture supernatant generated syndecan-1 ectodomains that are smaller than those released by endogenous shedding. Further, a mutant S. pneumoniae strain deficient in zmpC, but not zmpB, lost its capacity to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding. These data demonstrate that S. pneumoniae directly sheds syndecan-1 ectodomains through the action of ZmpC.
Adaptively undersampled image processing for fast multiline laser detection (2013)

In many image processing applications one of the main problem is how to create algorithms, which are fast enough to be implemented on embedded (with limited resources) computing platforms, like DM3730 processor based development boards (Beagleboard-XM). One such image processing area is related to laser scanners, which are usually implemented on multi-core high performance personal computers. In this paper an adaptively undersampled image processing method for fast multiline laser detection has been proposed. The combination of adaptive undersampling and multiline laser detection significantly reduces the calculation operations, needed for laser line detections, thus making this method highly suitable for limited embedded platforms. This method has been tested with real multiline laser images on pavement surface, on 4 different computing platforms and the results are presented at the end of the paper.
Machine learning and reduced order modelling for the simulation of braided stent deployment (2023)

Endoluminal reconstruction using flow diverters represents a novel paradigm for the minimally invasive treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The configuration assumed by these very dense braided stents once deployed within the parent vessel is not easily predictable and medical volumetric images alone may be insufficient to plan the treatment satisfactorily. Therefore, here we propose a fast and accurate machine learning and reduced order modelling framework, based on finite element simulations, to assist practitioners in the planning and interventional stages. It consists of a first classification step to determine <i>a priori</i> whether a simulation will be successful (good conformity between stent and vessel) or not from a clinical perspective, followed by a regression step that provides an approximated solution of the deployed stent configuration. The latter is achieved using a non-intrusive reduced order modelling scheme that combines the proper orthogonal decomposition algorithm and Gaussian process regression. The workflow was validated on an idealized intracranial artery with a saccular aneurysm and the effect of six geometrical and surgical parameters on the outcome of stent deployment was studied. We trained six machine learning models on a dataset of varying size and obtained classifiers with up to 95% accuracy in predicting the deployment outcome. The support vector machine model outperformed the others when considering a small dataset of 50 training cases, with an accuracy of 93% and a specificity of 97%. On the other hand, real-time predictions of the stent deployed configuration were achieved with an average validation error between predicted and high-fidelity results never greater than the spatial resolution of 3D rotational angiography, the imaging technique with the best spatial resolution (0.15 mm). Such accurate predictions can be reached even with a small database of 47 simulations: by increasing the training simulations to 147, the average prediction error is reduced to 0.07 mm. These results are promising as they demonstrate the ability of these techniques to achieve simulations within a few milliseconds while retaining the mechanical realism and predictability of the stent deployed configuration.
On-Chip Evaluation, Compensation, and Storage of Scan Diagnosis Data - A Test Time Efficient Scan Diagnosis Architecture (2006)

Technology and product ramp up suffers increasingly from systematic production defects. Diagnosis of scan test fail data plays an important role in yield enhancement as diagnosis of scan fail data helps to understand and overcome systematic production defects. Acquisition of scan fail data during high-volume production can lead to significant test time overhead. This paper presents a new on-chip architecture that evaluates scan test results and stores relevant scan diagnosis information on chip. Scan diagnosis data can be accessed after the scan test has finished with very little test time overhead. Moreover, the proposed technique is ATE independent. An implementation example, based on a state-of-the-art SoC device, is reported
Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling-1 and -3 Regulate Osteoclastogenesis in the Presence of Inflammatory Cytokines (2005)

Bone metabolism and the immune system have a correlative relationship, and both are controlled by various common cytokines, such as IFNs and ILs, produced in the bone microenvironments. The suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 are negative regulators of such cytokines. Although SOCSs are shown to be induced during osteoclast differentiation, their physiological roles in osteoclast differentiation and function have not been clarified. Thus, we examined the roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in osteoclastogenesis using SOCS1- and SOCS3-deficient mice. IFN-gamma-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) was strongly enhanced in SOCS1-deficient BMMs, but was diminished in SOCS1-overexpressing BMMs. Moreover, LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in vivo were suppressed in SOCS1(+/-) mice compared with those in wild-type mice, suggesting that SOCS1 antagonizes the inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on osteoclastogenesis. SOCS3 did not alter the inhibitory effect of IFNs in osteoclastogenesis in both gain and loss of functional assays; however, the suppressive effect of IL-6 on osteoclast differentiation was greater in SOCS3-deficient BMMs than in wild-type BMMs in vitro. In addition, IL-6 significantly prevented LPS-induced bone destruction in SOCS3-deficient mice, although it failed in wild-type mice in vivo. In SOCS3-deficient BMMs, expression levels of TNF-receptor-associated factor-6 and IkappaB were drastically reduced and receptor activator of the NF-kappaB ligand-induced IkappaB phosphorylation was severely impaired in the presence of IL-6. These data suggest that both SOCS1 and SOCS3 regulate osteoclastogenesis by blocking the inhibitory effect of inflammatory cytokines on receptor activator of the NF-kappaB ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation signals. Selective suppression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in osteoclast precursors may be a possible therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bone destruction.
Techniques for Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Agricultural Products (2012)

Dielectrics and dielectric properties of materials are defined generally, and methods for measuring dielectric properties of agricultural products are described for several frequency ranges from audio frequencies through microwave frequencies. These include measurement with impedance and admittance bridges, resonant circuits, and transmission-line and free-space methods in the frequency domain and time-domain and broadband techniques. Many references are cited that describe the methods in detail and provide data on the dielectric properties or permittivities of agricultural products.
Spectral sensitivity of the domestic fowl (Gallus g. domesticus ) (1999)

1. The spectral sensitivity of 7 broiler fowl was determined in a behavioural test. 2. Initially the birds were trained to receive a food reward by pecking at a clear, Perspex panel behind which was a light stimulus (circular, diameter = 9 mm), originating from a tungsten-halogen lamp. Subsequently, they were trained to choose between 2 panels only 1 of which was lit; the assignation of light and dark on each panel was randomly ascribed between trials. The colour of the lit panel was determined by the wavelength of the light transmitted through one of 13 closely defined narrow bandwidth filters between 326<lambda<694 nm. The flux of photons and hence the intensity of the stimulus received by the bird could be controlled by changing the voltage across the lamp. The photon flux was gradually reduced until the birds failed to detect accurately the lit panel. Success was defined as a choice of the lit panel 9 or more times in a sequence of 10 trials, providing that the sequence contained at least 4 changes in the position of the stimulus. 3. Generally, the birds showed a peak sensitivity between 540<lambda<577 nm. The results agree with electrophysiological data between 507<lambda<694 nm and psychophysical data between 500<lambda<700 nm but our data showed higher sensitivities between 380<lambda<507 nm compared with electro-physiological findings. 4. Our findings confirm that broilers can 'see' into the UV(A) range and that their spectral sensitivity is different to the human. The implication of this is that the measurement of light intensity in poultry housing using the lux unit does not accurately describe the intensity perceived by fowl. 5. Experimenters using colour, for example differently coloured lighting or food, need to account for this different sensitivity when interpreting their results.
NEW MODEL TO PREDICT HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR FLOW BOILING IN MICROFIN TUBES (2016)

Microfin tubes are used extensively in the HVAC&R applications. Rigorous government regulations and escalating raw material costs demand higher heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) and hence better performance for practical applications. Hence, engineers are constantly trying to improve the performance of thermal systems. With introduction of smaller tubes and newer refrigerants, a lot of tests need to be conducted in the industry. Accurate mathematical modeling can significantly reduce the time and cost of experimentation. Currently, there are many existing models in published literature for predicting the flow boiling HTCs in microfin tubes. However, these models are not accurate enough and the practicing engineer does not have specific guidelines as to which model should be used for a given application. The objective of this research is to propose a new linearized model for predicting HTCs for flow boiling in horizontal microfin tubes. The constants for this new linearized model are based on 2201 experimental data points collected from existing literature spanning a wide range of refrigerants, geometric and operating parameters. In addition, specific recommendations have been provided to give the practicing engineer guidelines for assessing the applicability of the new model as well as existing models.
Stress-corrosion mechanisms in silicate glasses (2009)

The present review is intended to revisit the advances and debates in the comprehension of the mechanisms of subcritical crack propagation in silicate glasses almost a century after its initial developments. Glass has inspired the initial insights of Griffith into the origin of brittleness and the ensuing development of modern fracture mechanics. Yet, through the decades the real nature of the fundamental mechanisms of crack propagation in glass has escaped a clear comprehension which could gather general agreement on subtle problems such as the role of plasticity, the role of the glass composition, the environmental condition at the crack tip and its relation to the complex mechanisms of corrosion and leaching. The different processes are analysed here with a special focus on their relevant space and time scales in order to question their domain of action and their contribution in both the kinetic laws and the energetic aspects.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Potentiated Severe Atypical Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy (1998)

We report a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed severe atypical neuropathy (SAN), distinct from classical vincristine neuropathy, following the use of vincristine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). SAN was characterized by acute onset of severe pain, exquisite tenderness on even light touch and profound motor weakness involving predominantly the lower limbs. The upper limbs were spared. Imaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. Electrophysiological studies showed axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Potentiation of vincristine-induced neuropathy by G-CSF should be considered when formulating protocols using both these agents, and concomitant use of both the agents should be avoided.
Re: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Analysis of Symptomatic Patients with Equivocal Renal Scans (2016)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Feb 2017Re: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Analysis of Symptomatic Patients with Equivocal Renal Scans Jeffrey A. CadedduMD Jeffrey A. CadedduJeffrey A. Cadeddu More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.034AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Analysis of Symptomatic Patients with Equivocal Renal Scans." The Journal of Urology, 197(2), pp. 421–422 References 1 : Equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction on diuretic renogram—should minimally invasive pyeloplasty be offered to symptomatic patients?. J Urol2015; 193: 1278. Link, Google Scholar © 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 2February 2017Page: 421-422 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jeffrey A. Cadeddu More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Results of the quarterly tritium survey of Fourmile Branch and its seeplines in the F {ampersand} H areas of SRS: December 1994 (1994)

The Environmental Sciences Section (ESS) of the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) established a quarterly monitoring program of the Fourmile Branch (FMB) stream and its associated seepline located down gradient from the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins. The primary focus of this program was to survey and track changes in tritium levels; however, specific conductivity, and pH were also surveyed and tracked. The measurements from the tenth scheduled survey (December 1994) exhibited similar tritium levels, conductivity measurements, and pH values to data from previous sampling events. The overall results of the tritium survey and stream monitoring data (Looney et al., 1993) indicates that the tritium plume resulting from the operation of the seepage basins continues to flush from the Fourmile Branch wetland system.
Structure−Activity Studies on a Series of a 2-Aminopyrimidine-Containing Histamine H4Receptor Ligands (2008)

A series of 2-aminopyrimidines was synthesized as ligands of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R). Working in part from a pyrimidine hit that was identified in an HTS campaign, SAR studies were carried out to optimize the potency, which led to compound 3, 4- tert-butyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamine. We further studied this compound by systematically modifying the core pyrimidine moiety, the methylpiperazine at position 4, the NH2 at position 2, and positions 5 and 6 of the pyrimidine ring. The pyrimidine 6 position benefited the most from this optimization, especially in analogs in which the 6- tert-butyl was replaced with aromatic and secondary amine moieties. The highlight of the optimization campaign was compound 4, 4-[2-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]benzonitrile, which was potent in vitro and was active as an anti-inflammatory agent in an animal model and had antinociceptive activity in a pain model, which supports the potential of H 4R antagonists in pain.
Double exposure technology using silicon containing materials (2006)

Recently, a new technology called double exposure lithography is emerging as new technology that extends lithography factor under 0.25. The need of this technology comes from the delay in maturity of EUV technology such as light source, reflective mask and optics, and resist. However, double exposure technology requires additional processes including two hard mask deposition steps, one more lithography patterning step and two hard mask etching steps. In addition, there would be several issues such as patterning on topology problems for the case of second patterning and complexity in etching process. In brief, the complex process of double exposure technology should be simplified for real device production. In this paper, we will introduce novel double exposure technology that minimizes the number of process steps by using silicon containing BARC. Silicon BARC acts as BARC and hard mask at the same time in our double exposure process so the process step and cost can be reduced. During first exposure step, silicon containing BARC take a role of BARC for first resist patterning and then remaining pattern of silicon containing BARC acts as hard mask pattern for second patterning and etching. Using this simple and novel process, more economic way of double exposure technology can be available. In this paper, the issues and countermeasures for silicon containing BARC based double exposure technology will be reported.