gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunostaining for markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Forced mobilization accelerates pathogenesis: characterization of a preclinical surgical model of osteoarthritis"http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/1/R13Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2007;9(1):R13-R13.Published online 6 Feb 2007PMCID:PMC1860072. Immunostaining for markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy was performed in articular cartilage sections from FM animals. Sections were probed with anti-MMP-13, anti-alkaline phosphatase, or anti-type X collagen primary antibodies, followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Colourimetric detection of each protein (brown precipitate) was carried out for equal time periods for all sections probed with the same primary antibody. Nuclei are counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). In the top row of each panel, representative sections from all time points following surgery in ipsilateral knee joints are shown. In the bottom row of each panel, representative sections from sham and contralateral knee joints at 8 and 20 weeks after surgery are shown. As a positive control, sections containing the growth plate are shown in each panel to demonstrate the expression of each protein in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Articular chondrocytes with a hypertrophic-like morphology are also indicated (arrows). Experiments for each protein were carried out on sections from at least three different animals with reproducible results. All images are shown at the same magnification, as indicated by the scale bars. FM, forced mobilization; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
Single‐Dimensional Search Methods (2011)

Abstract This article considers the problem of minimizing a real‐valued function defined on the real line (i.e., a single‐dimensional problem). This function is referred to as the objective function . The approach is to use an iterative search algorithm, also called a line‐search method. Single‐dimensional search methods are of interest for the following reasons. First, they are special cases of search methods used in multivariable problems. Second, they are used as part of general multivariable algorithms. An iterative algorithm starts with an initial candidate solution and generate a sequence of iterates . The iterative algorithm may use only values of the objective function, or perhaps also its first derivative and even its second derivative. This article presents several algorithms: the golden section and Fibonacci methods (which use only objective function values), the bisection and secant methods (which use only derivative values), and Newton's method (which uses both first and second derivatives).
Flow Visualization Study to Improve Hemocompatibility of a Centrifugal Blood Pump (1999)

A correlation study was conducted among quantitative flow visualization analysis, computational fluid dynamic analysis, and hemolysis tests regarding the flow in a centrifugal blood pump to prevent hemolysis. Particular attention was paid to the effect of the impeller/casing gap widths on the flow in the volute and in the outlet. Flow vector maps were obtained for 250% scaled-up models with various geometries, using an argon ion laser light sheet, a high speed video camera, and particle tracking velocimetry. In terms of the results, in the small radial gap model, high shear occurred near the inside wall of the outlet and stagnation near the outside wall of the outlet whereas the standard model maintained smooth flow and low shear. The small radial gap model showed a lower head and greater hemolysis than the standard model. This head decrease could be partly restored by relocating the outlet position; however, the hemolysis level hardly decreased. From these results, it was found that the small radial gap itself is important. It was also confirmed by detailed flow visualization and simple laminar shear analysis near the wall that the small radial gap caused a wider high shear layer (110-120 microm) than the standard model (approximately 80 microm). In the small radial gap model, the high shear layer in the outlet (approximately 50 microm) is much narrower than that in the volute. Flow visualization together with the aid of computational fluid dynamic analysis would be useful to eliminate the causes of hemolysis.
Fixed-Node Quantum Monte Carlo Method for Lattice Fermions (1994)

We give a new prescription for performing random walks in configuration space for lattice fermion problems. Imposing a suitable condition for the wave function on nodal boundaries in configuration space enables us to devise a generalization of the fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo method, as it has been developed for continuum problems. It does not suffer from the sign problem and provides upper bounds for the energy of different candidates for the ground state. We present new results for the Hubbard model off half filling as a demonstration of the method.
Diluted modified cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography-octakis(2,3-di-O-propionyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-?-cyclodextrin (2000)

The synthesis of octakis(2,3-di-O-propionyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-cyclodextrin and its use as chiral stationary phase in capillary gas chromatography is described. Separation factors and thermodynamic parameters of several chiral compounds on two columns with different cyclodextrin content and different polysiloxanes as diluting phase are investigated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 482–492, 2000
Position estimation for an autonomous mobile robot in an outdoor environment (1992)

The position estimation problem for an autonomous land vehicle navigating in an unstructured mountainous terrain is solved. A digital elevation map (DEM) of the area is assumed to be given. It is also assumed that the robot is equipped with a camera that can be panned and tilted, a compass, and an altimeter. No recognizable landmarks are assumed to be present, and the robot is not assumed to have an initial estimate of its position. The solution structures the problem as a constrained search paradigm by searching the DEM for the possible robot location. The shape and position of the horizon line in the image plane and the known camera geometry of the perspective projection are used as parameters. Geometric constraints are used to prune the search space significantly. The algorithm is made robust to errors in the imaging process by accounting for worst case errors. The approach is tested using real terrain data of areas in Colorado and Texas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
3-D Adaptive Sparsity Based Image Compression With Applications to Optical Coherence Tomography (2015)

We present a novel general-purpose compression method for tomographic images, termed 3D adaptive sparse representation based compression (3D-ASRC). In this paper, we focus on applications of 3D-ASRC for the compression of ophthalmic 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The 3D-ASRC algorithm exploits correlations among adjacent OCT images to improve compression performance, yet is sensitive to preserving their differences. Due to the inherent denoising mechanism of the sparsity based 3D-ASRC, the quality of the compressed images are often better than the raw images they are based on. Experiments on clinical-grade retinal OCT images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed 3D-ASRC over other well-known compression methods.
A Tunable Solid‐State Fluorescence System Consisting of Organic Salts of Anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonic Acid with Primary Amines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laser crystallized low-loss polycrystalline silicon waveguides (2019)

We report the fabrication of low-loss, low temperature deposited polysilicon waveguides via laser crystallization. The process involves pre-patterning amorphous silicon films to confine the thermal energy during the crystallization phase, which helps to control the grain growth and reduce the heat transfer to the surrounding media, making it compatible with CMOS integration. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Secco etching and X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the high crystalline quality of the processed waveguides with the formation of millimeter long crystal grains. Optical losses as low as 5.3 dB/cm have been measured, indicating their suitability for the development of high-density integrated circuits.
Protein Related to DAN and Cerberus Is a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist That Participates in Ovarian Paracrine Regulation (2004)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important for body patterning and morphogenesis, whereas several BMP antagonists regulate the functions of BMPs during embryonic development and tissue differentiation. Protein related to DAN and cerberus (PRDC) is a secreted protein with a cystine knot structure identified by gene trapping in embryonic stem cells. Although PRDC shows sequence homology with proteins of the BMP antagonist family, its biological activity and physiological functions are unclear. We generated recombinant PRDC and its paralog, gremlin, and tested their ability to suppress actions initiated by diverse BMP proteins. Similar to the known BMP antagonist, gremlin, PRDC blocked ligand signaling induced by BMP2 and BMP4 but had minimal effects on reporter gene activation induced by GDF-9, activin, or transforming growth factor-beta. Co-precipitation assays further demonstrated the direct protein-protein interactions between PRDC and BMP2 or BMP4. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses indicated that PRDC transcripts are widely expressed showing higher levels in ovary, brain, and spleen. In mouse ovary, PRDC transcripts were increased following gonadotropin treatment. In situ hybridization analyses further indicated that ovarian PRDC transcripts are localized in granulosa cells of selective follicles. In addition, co-treatment with PRDC antagonized the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on the follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation of progesterone production by cultured rat granulosa cells. Thus, PRDC is a potent BMP antagonist with a wide tissue expression pattern, and ovarian PRDC expressed in granulosa cells could be involved in follicular development by antagonizing the actions of theca cell-derived BMPs.
Response Characteristics of pH-ISFET Urea Sensor (1992)

A preparation method and response characteristics of a urea sensor which consisted of pH-ISFET and urease-immobilized membrane were investigated. The pH-ISFET urea sensor was fabricated by immobilizing BSA and urease with glutaraldehyde on gate of the pH-ISFET. Effects of pH and concentration of working buffer and enzyme load on the pontentiometric response of the pH-ISFET urea sensor were examined. Response characteristics for the determination of urea in synthetic physiological saline solution (pH 7.4) were as follows. That is, the concentration range of linear response, slope of linear response (sensitivity), and response time were 5.0 5.0 M, 31.6 mV/decade and 410 min, respectively.
Varices idiopathiques et secondaires du côlon (1984)

Les varices du côlon sont trés rares. Elles sont une cause possible d’hémorragies intestinales massives ou d’hémorragies avec tendance à la récidive. La plupart des varices sont dues à une hypertension portale ou à une obstruction au niveau de la veine mésentérique inférieure supérieure. Les varices idiopathiques peuvent rester localisées ou s’étendre à travers tout le côlon. La colonoscopie est la technique par excellence pour démontrer la présence des varices dans le côlon. Une colectomie d’urgence pratiquée chez un malade atteint d’une cirrhose du foie pour une hémorragie massive, entraîne une mortalité trés élevée.
A thin film monitor using fibre optics (1966)

An instrument for monitoring the thickness of films during vacuum deposition is described. Incorporation of fibre optics allows efficient use of a powerful light source. When used with a cadmium sulphide detector the signal is such that a d.c. system may be used without noticeable effect from stray light and no amplifier is necessary.
Neural networks as a prognostic tool for patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. (1997)

Patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis (64 and 41% survival rates in Stages I and II). It is currently not possible to predict which patients with Stage I or II NSCLC will survive the disease. Sixty-seven patients with NSCLC, including 49 patients with Stage I NSCLC and 18 with Stage II disease (11 with squamous cell carcinomas, 35 with adenocarcinomas, and 21 with large cell carcinomas) were treated with lobectomy and followed for a minimum of 5 years. The tumors were studied with DNA flow cytometry and quantitative immunocytochemical studies for proliferation cell nuclear antigen, p53 protein, and MIB-1. The data were analyzed with backpropagation neural networks, univariate analysis of variance, the Kaplan-Meier survival method, and Cox proportional hazards model. The dependent variables were "free of disease" and "recurrence or dead from disease." Twenty neural network models were trained, using all cases but one, after 1883 to 2000 training cycles. At 5 years, 30 patients were free of disease and 37 were dead or had recurrence. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was the only statistically significant prognostic factor by univariate analysis of variance and Cox proportional hazards analysis. The S phase was statistically significant by univariate analysis of variance (P <.05). All of the 20 models classified the test cases correctly. Study with backpropagation neural networks using multiple prognostic features from patients with NSCLC suggests that this technology might be useful for prediction of survival. This preliminary study must be validated with data from a larger group of patients with NSCLC before its clinical adequacy is established.
A new active microendoscope for exploring the sub-arachnoid space in the spinal cord (2004)

This paper presents the design, development and preliminary test of a new active microendoscope for neuroendoscopy and therapy of the spinal cord. Endoscopy of the spinal sub-arachnoid space is useful for some pathologies, but it is a very challenging task for several reasons: the navigation space is very narrow, there are many blood vessels and delicate structures which could be damaged by maneuvers and large forces and, finally, the CerebroSpinal Fluid (CSF) is a peculiar environment which must be preserved. An innovative method for active safe navigation in the sub-arachnoid space has been devised, based on hydrojets sustentation of the endoscope. The hydrojets, if appropriately tuned and oriented, allow the tip of the endoscope to avoid the delicate structures of the spinal cord and could also assist propulsion. A MATLAB simulation of the hydrojets is illustrated and a digital controller for the regulation of the hydrojets is demonstrated. The pressure ripple is about 5%, as tested experimentally on a 2D simulator. A prototype of steerable microendoscope whose tip is equipped with hydrojets has been fabricated and tested in an artificial path simulating the sub-arachnoid space. Performance are quite interesting.
Identification of the Mycobacterial Subcomponents Involved in the Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand from Human Neutrophils (2006)

Intravesical administration of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) continues to be a successful immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. Recently, workers in our laboratory observed expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on neutrophils in voided urine following BCG therapy. Neutrophils released a soluble and functional form of TRAIL when they were stimulated in vitro with BCG, and the activity was localized predominantly to the cell wall fraction. In this study, we examined the ability of individual mycobacterial components to stimulate TRAIL release from neutrophils. Our results demonstrated that cell wall-derived lipoarabinomannan (LAM), mycolyl arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex, and a Triton X-114 (Tx114)-solubilized protein pool were effective agonists of TRAIL release from neutrophils. Mycobacterial DNA was also an agonist of TRAIL release from neutrophils. Furthermore, purified antigen 85 ABC complex and alpha-crystallin (HspX), two major cell wall antigens present in the Tx114 pool, induced TRAIL release from neutrophils. The Tx114 pool stimulated HEK-293 cells expressing either Toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) or TLR2/6, but only HspX was able to stimulate TLR2/6-expressing cells. TLR4/MD2/CD14-expressing cells responded only to LAM. Collectively, these results suggested that TRAIL release from neutrophils was induced through the recognition of multiple mycobacterial components by TLR2 and TLR4.
Single-electron transmetalation in organoboron cross-coupling by photoredox/nickel dual catalysis (2014)

The routine application of C(sp3)-hybridized nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions remains an unsolved challenge in organic chemistry. The sluggish transmetalation rates observed for the preferred organoboron reagents in such transformations are a consequence of the two-electron mechanism underlying the standard catalytic approach. We describe a mechanistically distinct single-electron transfer-based strategy for the activation of organoboron reagents toward transmetalation that exhibits complementary reactivity patterns. Application of an iridium photoredox catalyst in tandem with a nickel catalyst effects the cross-coupling of potassium alkoxyalkyl- and benzyltrifluoroborates with an array of aryl bromides under exceptionally mild conditions (visible light, ambient temperature, no strong base). The transformation has been extended to the asymmetric and stereoconvergent cross-coupling of a secondary benzyltrifluoroborate.
Overcoming the barriers to the exploration of nanoporous shales porosity (2020)

In the oil and gas industry, the critical volumetric parameter is porosity, one which allows for the estimation of hydrocarbon reserves, constituting important sources of energy. For unconventional reservoirs such as shales, precise porosity measurement is a challenge due to the significant number of pores with diameters of several nanometers and fewer. In this paper, we focus on the use of the modified Low Field NMR approach, applying a Spin Echo CMPG sequence for the quantitative and precise determination of movable porosity in the full range of the occurring pore distribution. The proposed approach minimizes the impact of overlapping signals originating from hydrogen in organic matter, OH groups, chemically bound water and moving water in the pores on the measured porosities. The examined samples from the Baltic Basin (Poland) were characterized by narrow PSD, with a dominant pore size of 2 nm, which is much lower than those known from the literature for shales, which typically range from several to dozens of nanometers. Results from the modified NMR protocol are compared with porosities from MICP and those obtained using the standard NMR approach with T2 cut-offs. As evidence of the superiority of the novel NMR approach over the standard NMR procedure, the improved accuracy of the porosity determination for the shales with extremely small pores is presented. Relations between T2 log-mean and T1/T2 values and differential porosity are also presented, suggesting that the LF NMR method could be utilized for rapid porosity estimation with a single T2 measurement. Correlations between the T2 time distribution for saturated samples and TOC allowed us to obtain a model with the use of multivariate PLSR analysis, which gives the potential for the NMR method to predict geochemical parameters such as TOC in a simple and non-invasive way.
MODEL-BASEDSEGMENTATION OF RECONSTRUCTED DENTAL X-RAYVOLUMES (2006)

Modemreconstruction algorithms allow volumetric imaging withconventional 2D dental X-raysystems. Volumetric images areuseful indental implantology, wherethecorrect identification ofkeystructures suchastheedgesofthe mandible andthemandibular nerveiscritical. Thispaper presents asegmentation methodcapable ofextracting the mandible. Thesegmentation isbased onastatistical model whichwasfirst transformed affinely andfinally deformed non-rigidly totheobject. Themethodwastested onthree volumes withgoodresults: meandistances between the deformed andmanually segmented reference surfaces were 0.26, 0.34and0.50mm.Applications ofthemethod include theextraction ofslices orthogonal tothemandibular bone centerline andlocal, anatomy based image enhancement. IndexTerms-ImageSegmentation, Biomedical Image Processing, X-rayimaging
Emergent Chemical Mapping at Atomic-Column Resolution by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in an Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscope (2010)

Chemical mapping at atomic-column resolution by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in a spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has been demonstrated for the 1.47-A dumbbell structure in InGaAs. The structural imaging and the chemical information in the two-dimensional map are directly correlated. Comparisons with the other existing mapping techniques of STEM in conjunction with electron energy-loss spectroscopy were discussed from aspects of ionization interactions.
Analysis of MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Fine-Needle Aspirates Can Classify Benign and Malignant Tissues (2008)

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in a clinical setting and has shown that miRNA analysis of pancreatic FNA biopsy samples can aid in the pathologic evaluation of suspicious cases and may provide a new strategy for improving the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
Handbook of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (1999)

Introduction to Cellular Manufacturing Systems (S. Irani, et al.). Investigation of Cellular Manufacturing Practices (R. Askin & S. Estrada). Machine-Component Matrix Clustering Methods for Cell Formation (T. Narendran & G. Srinivasan). Cell Formation Using Production Flow Analysis (R. DeGuio & M. Barth). Layout Design for Cellular Manufacturing (M. Bazargan-Lari). Scheduling Cellular Manufacturing Systems (J. Ruben & F. Mahmoodi). Setup Time Reduction to Enhance Cell Performance and Flexibility (J. Claunch). Framework for Cellular Manufacturing Evaluation Process Using Analytical and Simulation Techniques (F. Mahmoodi, et al.). Operating Manufacturing Cells with Labor Constraints (A. Iyer & R. Askin). Benchmarking Measures for Performance Analysis of Cells (B. Dale). Flexibility Considerations in Cell Design (A. Vakharia, et al.). Quality Control in Cellular Manufacturing (T. Das & W. Miller). Organizational and Human Issues in Cellular Manufacturing (A. Miller). Economic Justification of Cellular Manufacturing (P. Primrose). Project Management and Implementation of Cellular Manufacturing (B. Bidanda, et al.). Design and Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Systems and Cells (J. Black). Industrial Implementation of Production Flow Analysis (M. Barth & R. De Guio). Dishwashing Machine Assembly: A Case Study (Q. Lee). Cell Formation in a Coil Forging Shop: An Implementation Case (M. Perona). Cases in Cellular Manufacturing (W. Wrennall & F. Kerns). Classroom Tutorial on the Design of a Cellular Manufacturing System (L. Yan & S. Irani). Systematic Redesign of a Manufacturing Cell (Y. Allam & S. Irani). Plantwide Conversion to Cellular Manufacturing (Q. Lee). Conversion to Cellular Manufacturing at Sheet Metal Products (D. Johnson). Index.