gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manganese superoxide dismutase is dispensable for post-natal development and lactation in the murine mammary gland (2012)

Mammary gland development is a multistage process requiring tightly regulated spatial and temporal signalling pathways. Many of these pathways have been shown to be sensitive to oxidative stress. Understanding that the loss of manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) leads to increased cellular oxidative stress, and that the loss or silencing of this enzyme has been implicated in numerous pathologies including those of the mammary gland, we sought to examine the role of Sod2 in mammary gland development and function in situ in the mouse mammary gland. Using Cre-recombination driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter, we created a mammary-specific post-natal conditional Sod2 knock-out mouse model. Surprisingly, while substantial decreases in Sod2 were noted throughout both virgin and lactating adult mammary glands, no significant changes in developmental structures either pre- or post-pregnancy were observed histologically. Moreover, mothers lacking mammary gland expression of Sod2 were able to sustain equal numbers of litters, equal pups per litter, and equal pup weights as were control animals. Overall, our results demonstrate that loss of Sod2 expression is not universally toxic to all cell types and that excess mitochondrial superoxide can apparently be tolerated during the development and function of post-natal mammary glands.
Medical Aspects of Heading the Ball in Soccer (1984)

AbstractIn brief: Professional soccer players may head the ball an average of five times a game, which adds up to 5,250 impacts to the head in a 15-year career. The impact to the head may be as high as 200 kp. Players complain of headache, pain in the neck, dizziness, irritability, insomnia, hearing disturbances, weakened memory, and abnormal alcohol reactions. Since these symptoms are subjective, additional studies are needed to understand the possible negative effects of heading the ball. Players should try to decrease the number of headings, especially on balls kicked from a short distance, and they should use proper heading techniques and light soccer balls.
5-Lipoxygenase contributes to PPARγ activation in macrophages in response to apoptotic cells (2012)

Background: Most clinical trials of sepsis treatment modalities fail at their primary objective of establishing superiority over placebo when added to background standard of care. While there is no definitive explanation for the high failure rate, it might be stated that our attempts to insert a new therapeutic agent into standard of care encounters severe problems with definition of exactly what stage is ongoing, and what are the criteria for progression or resolution from that time point onwards. Clearly there is need for a means of defining steps in the septic process that would apply to individuals, and to better define the course of sepsis in each patient after they are enrolled in a trial. Methods: For core model development, 30 septic patients were studied for time-related progression in relation to biomarkers, employing a Load Model in a neural net algorithm in MatLab. Causative bacterial infections were linked to primary infection sites. In order to minimize overparameterization, the model was allowed to estimate outputs using the best three input parameters. Bacterial load was tracked from origin using clinical and microbiologic data to provide an estimate at the start of sepsis. The bacterial load as well as clinical and laboratory parameters were model inputs with the output parameter being organ failures and/ or mortality. Results: At onset of sepsis, human bacterial load estimates ranged from between 10 8 and 10 11 CFU, which is consistent with inocula in animal models of sepsis. Sepsis proceeds to organ failures and mortality in a series of steps that are initially linked to bacterial load and inflammatory response, followed by coagulopathy, ischemia, oxygen deprivation in organs and tissues, and culminating in organ failures. The later stages of sepsis are all driven by metabolic parameters, and there seems to be little benefit to blocking inflammation at later stages. Substrate and oxygen deficiencies must be addressed first. Conclusion: Neural net progression models based on biomarkers and physiological markers are able to describe the evolution of sepsis to septic shock, organ failures, and provide some evidence that mortality may be a consequence of the stages of sepsis. Overall, these models appear useful to the task of sorting out organ failure endpoints and mechanisms in individual patients with sepsis progression across sepsis to septic shock.
Heat Effect Due to Monoclinic-to-Orthorhombic Phase Transition in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (2019)

We analyze heat effects associated with the solid-state phase transition in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene from the unstable monoclinic phase into thermodynamically stable orthorhombic phase. The model proposed here for the structure of supramolecular formations of monoclinic phase does not contradict to earlier X-ray diffraction data for this polymer.
Brain-Specific Serine-47 Modification of Cytochrome c Regulates Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity Attenuating ROS Production and Cell Death: Implications for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Akt Signaling (2020)

We previously reported that serine-47 (S47) phosphorylation of cytochrome <i>c</i> (Cyt<i>c</i>) in the brain results in lower cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) activity and caspase-3 activity in vitro. We here analyze the effect of S47 modification in fibroblast cell lines stably expressing S47E phosphomimetic Cyt<i>c</i>, unphosphorylated WT, or S47A Cyt<i>c</i>. Our results show that S47E Cyt<i>c</i> results in partial inhibition of mitochondrial respiration corresponding with lower mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨ<sub>m</sub>) and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. When exposed to an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model simulating ischemia/reperfusion injury, the Cyt<i>c</i> S47E phosphomimetic cell line showed minimal ROS generation compared to the unphosphorylated WT Cyt<i>c</i> cell line that generated high levels of ROS upon reoxygenation. Consequently, the S47E Cyt<i>c</i> cell line also resulted in significantly lower cell death upon exposure to OGD/R, confirming the cytoprotective role of S47 phosphorylation of Cyt<i>c</i>. S47E Cyt<i>c</i> also resulted in lower cell death upon H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment. Finally, we propose that pro-survival kinase Akt (protein kinase B) is a likely mediator of the S47 phosphorylation of Cyt<i>c</i> in the brain. Akt inhibitor wortmannin abolished S47 phosphorylation of Cyt<i>c</i>, while the Akt activator SC79 maintained S47 phosphorylation of Cyt<i>c</i>. Overall, our results suggest that loss of S47 phosphorylation of Cyt<i>c</i> during brain ischemia drives reperfusion injury through maximal electron transport chain flux, ΔΨ<sub>m</sub> hyperpolarization, and ROS-triggered cell death.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of Supramolecular Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polymers Containing Poly(acrylic acid) Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds (2015)

Novel supramolecular side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers were prepared from poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and pyridyl Schiff base derivatives through intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between PAA and nitrogen of pyridyl Schiff base derivatives. PAA used as H-bond donor. Pyridyl Schiff base derivatives used as H-bond acceptors. The existence of H-bonding was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Polymer complexes exhibited stable thermotropic mesophase. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to investigate LC behavior. The complexes exhibited smectic C phase broken-fan shaped texture. On increasing spacer length of substituent, the clearing temperature range of the mesophase increased.
A Internet do Bagulho Musical (Internet of Musical Stuff) - IoMuSt (2022)

We introduce IoMuSt — the Internet of Musical Stuff: a proposal to recalibrate the Internet of Musical Things in the light of the current reification of digital creative resources, epitomised by the Non-Fungible Tokens frenzy. As opposed to marketable “things”, “stuff ” is fluid, malleable, unfixable and pecuniarily irrelevant. Hence, stuff is good raw material for sustainable ubimus creative ecosystems
The Effect of Inhalation Resistance on Facepiece Leakage (2000)

Air purifying respirators use filters to remove particulate air contaminants. Resistance to airflow generally increases as the filter loads and a "filter cake" is formed. It has been recommended by ANSI and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that filters should be replaced when the wearer notices they are hard to breathe through. Repeated faceseal leak rate measurements were made during respiratory wear over a range of simulated breathing resistances from 5.6 to 19.6 mm (0.22 to 0.77 inches) of water. The measured faceseal leak rates increased as the breathing resistance increased and varied depending on the initial leak rate at the 5.6 mm pressure. The increase in faceseal leak rate from 5.6 to 19.6 mm breathing resistance was as high as a factor of 4. Theoretically, a person with an initial respirator penetration of 2.5% could have that value increase to 10% as filter loading increased breathing resistance by 14 mm. Some research has shown that breathing resistances between 60 and 140 mm of water would be "noticeable but well tolerated." It is not known if workers would be able to detect an increase in breathing resistance that would lead to a significant increase in faceseal leakage. These data suggest a need to establish a replacement schedule for all filters used in the workplace. How often a filter should be replaced is difficult to determine. Breathing resistance would vary depending on the individual filter and aerosol loading characteristics, the concentration of the aerosol in the workplace, and breathing rates.
DHC-8: A new catalyst for distillate production (1983)

The market for refined products in the last several years has shown a distinct shift to a greater demand for middle distillate products. In response to this shift, UOP initiated an extensive catalyst development program with the goal of developing a superior distillate selective hydrocracking catalyst. As the successful result of this intensive effort, UOP is now offering their new distillate producing hydrocracking catalyst to the refining industry. The primary attributes of this new catalyst, DHC-8, are its excellent temperature stability and high selectivity to distillate products. For a new unit design this increased temperature stability can translate into as much as 35% reduction in reactor volume when compared to other catalyst systems. This excellent temperature stability can also be put to good use in existing hydrocrackers to extend run lengths, increase fresh feed rates, or process more difficult feeds. Several of the applications of this new catalyst are discussed in detail in this paper.
A nonlinear approach to vehicle guidance (2002)

We present a nonlinear dynamic approach to lateral and longitudinal intelligent vehicle guidance on German "autobahnen". The methodology resembles the dynamic neural field architecture where information is coded in the location of activation within dynamic fields. The time course of the control parameters is obtained by tracking the attractors in the output field. We assume the sensors are able to measure the distance and the time-to-collision of objects in front and behind of the controlled car on both lanes, and so radar and/or vision based sensors can be applied. This setting implies a high dimensional input space. The system is designed to make reliable decisions depending on the detected objects and the nominal velocity in the presence of disturbed sensory information. The control process results in typical driving behavior like lane keeping, overtaking, and collision avoidance.
The virtual museum: an integrated text and image database (2002)

We describe our "virtual museum" project: an union of image and text retrieval technologies that allows users to visit art collections on the Web. The virtual museum is composed of a series of rooms that the user can visit. The connections between the rooms are variable: passing from a room to another yields a result which is the outcome of a query, and depends on the query criterion that the user has selected. This "variable topology" adds interest to the museum visit since it allows the visitor, within certain limits, to customize his/her museum experience and to make it different every time.
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Iron(III) Phthalocyanine(μ‐oxodimer)/Tetrabutylammonium Oxone: A Powerful Catalytic System for Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in Organic Solution. (2011)

Abstract Aromatic hydrocarbons are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding quinones under mild conditions.
Les aminopeptidases a zinc : determination de la structure tridimensionnelle de l'aminopeptidase de bacterie d'algue marine aeromonas proteolytica (ec 3.4.11.10). conception d'inhibiteurs selectifs de l'aminopeptidase membranaire de mammifere (ec 3.4.11.2) (1993)

Au cours de cette these, nous nous sommes interesses aux aminopeptidases appartenant a la classe des metalloproteases et dont l'activite catalytique depend de la presence d'un atome de zinc dans leur site actif. Notre projet s'est scinde en deux parties: 1) etude structurale: nous avons determine la structure tridimensionnelle de l'aminopeptidase de bacterie d'algue marine aeromonas proteolytica (ec 3. 4. 11. 10) a une resolution de 1,8 a. Le protocole de purification et les conditions de cristallisation ont ete mis au point dans notre laboratoire. La structure tridimensionnelle de l'enzyme a ete resolue en collaboration avec le dr b. Chevrier du laboratoire de cristallographie moleculaire du dr d. Moras (cnrs strasbourg). Nous avons egalement purifie et cristallise la forme soluble de l'aminopeptidase membranaire de reins de porc (ap-m: ec 3. 4. 11. 2). Les cristaux obtenus diffractent jusqu'a 4 a au moins. 2) inhibition selective de l'aminopeptidase membranaire: l'ap-m de reins de porc decrite precedemment est impliquee dans la degradation des enkephalines. Notre but a donc ete de concevoir des inhibiteurs puissants et selectifs de cette enzyme. Des derives d'aminotetralone ont ete synthetises par le dr h. D'orchymont. Notre travail a consiste a etablir une relation structure-activite entre ces molecules et l'activite enzymatique de l'ap-m in vitro. Nous avons egalement etudie la selectivite de ces composes vis-a-vis d'autres aminopeptidases. Certains de ces inhibiteurs sont des inhibiteurs puissants et selectifs de l'ap-m
Are GSM Phones THE Solution for Localization? (2006)

In this paper, we argue that localization solution based on cellular phone technology, specifically GSM phones, is a sufficient and attractive option in terms of coverage and accuracy for a wide range of indoor, outdoor, and placebased location-aware applications. We present preliminary results that indicate that GSM-based localization systems have the potential to detect the places that people visit in their everyday lives, and can achieve median localization accuracies of 5 and 75 meters for indoor and outdoor environments, respectively.
Equalized Recovery State Estimators for Linear Systems With Delayed and Missing Observations (2021)

This letter presents a dynamic state observer design for discrete-time linear time-varying systems that robustly achieves equalized recovery despite delayed or missing observations, where the set of all temporal patterns for the missing or delayed data is modeled by a finite-length language. By introducing a mapping of the language onto a reduced event-based language, we design a state estimator that adapts based on the history of available data at each step, and satisfies equalized recovery for all patterns in the reduced language. In contrast to existing equalized recovery estimators, the proposed design considers the equalized recovery level as a decision variable, which enables us to directly obtain the global minimum for the intermediate recovery levels, resulting in improved estimation performance. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer when compared to existing approaches using several illustrative examples.
Building the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East (2015)

When Todd Reichert and Cameron Robertson began to build a human-powered helicopter in 2012, they were laughed at. It was considered impossible.
Melanocortin 3 Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Increases the Motivation for Food Reward (2016)

The central melanocortin (MC) system mediates its effects on food intake via MC3 (MC3R) and MC4 receptors (MC4R). Although the role of MC4R in meal size determination, satiation, food preference, and motivation is well established, the involvement of MC3R in the modulation of food intake has been less explored. Here, we investigated the role of MC3R on the incentive motivation for food, which is a crucial component of feeding behavior. Dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have a crucial role in the motivation for food. We here report that MC3Rs are expressed on VTA dopaminergic neurons and that pro-opiomelanocortinergic (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc) innervate these VTA dopaminergic neurons. Our findings show that intracerebroventricular or intra-VTA infusion of the selective MC3R agonist γMSH increases responding for sucrose under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, but not free sucrose consumption in rats. Furthermore, ex vivo electrophysiological recordings show increased VTA dopaminergic neuronal activity upon γMSH application. Consistent with a dopamine-mediated effect of γMSH, the increased motivation for sucrose after intra-VTA infusion of γMSH was blocked by pretreatment with the dopamine receptor antagonist α-flupenthixol. Taken together, we demonstrate an Arc POMC projection onto VTA dopaminergic neurons that modulates motivation for palatable food via activation of MC3R signaling.
Attacking cryptographic schemes based on "perturbation polynomials" (2009)

We show attacks on several cryptographic schemes that have recently been proposed for achieving various security goals in sensor networks. Roughly speaking, these schemes all use "perturbation polynomials" to add "noise" to polynomialbased systems that offer information-theoretic security, in an attempt to increase the resilience threshold while maintaining efficiency. We show that the heuristic security arguments given for these modified schemes do not hold, and that they can be completely broken once we allow even a slight extension of the parameters beyond those achieved by the underlying information-theoretic schemes.
Respiratory motion compensation for simultaneous PET/MR based on highly undersampled MR data (2016)

Employing artifact-robust motion estimation enables PET/MR respiratory MoCo with MR acquisition times as short as 1 min/bed improving PET image quality and quantification accuracy.
Cathepsin G, a Neutrophil Protease, Induces Compact Cell-Cell Adhesion in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Cathepsin G is a serine protease secreted by activated neutrophils that play a role in the inflammatory response. Because neutrophils are known to be invading leukocytes in various tumors, their products may influence the characteristics of tumor cells such as the growth state, motility, and the adhesiveness between cells or the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate that cathepsin G induces cell-cell adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells resulting from the contact inhibition of cell movement on fibronectin but not on type IV collagen. Cathepsin G subsequently induced cell condensation, a very compact cell colony, resulting due to the increased strength of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Cathepsin G action is protease activity-dependent and was inhibited by the presence of serine protease inhibitors. Cathepsin G promotes E-cadherin/catenin complex formation and Rap1 activation in MCF-7 cells, which reportedly regulates E-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions. Cathepsin G also promotes E-cadherin/protein kinase D1 (PKD1) complex formation, and Go6976, the selective PKD1 inhibitor, suppressed the cathepsin G-induced cell condensation. Our findings provide the first evidence that cathepsin G regulates E-cadherin function, suggesting that cathepsin G has a novel modulatory role against tumor cell-cell adhesion.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TRACHEAL MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE IN SNAKES WITH AND WITHOUT BOID INCLUSION BODY DISEASE AND LUNG PATHOLOGY (2018)

Pneumonia is a common complication of boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) in snakes. The tracheal mucociliary apparatus of eight boas ( Boa constrictor) and two pythons ( Python regius, Morelia viridis) was examined to assess whether absent or reduced mucociliary clearance could be a predisposing factor. Nine of the examined snakes were positive for BIBD by detection of inclusion bodies and three had lung pathologies other than the formation of inclusion bodies. A considerable individual variation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF, 3.0 ± 0.75 Hz to 7.8 ± 1.27 Hz), transport speed (23.1 ± 12.56 μm/sec to 189.2 ± 41.17 μm/sec), and transport direction (-12.5° ± 11.43° to 36.1° ± 7.53°) was found. CBFs of the BIBD-affected snakes with or without lung pathologies were markedly lower than ranges published for birds or mammals, but the net transport speeds and directions lay well within. The present investigation does therefore not reveal any signs of an inadequate mucociliary clearance in BIBD-affected snakes.
Environmentally Responsive “Hairy” Nanoparticles:  Mixed Homopolymer Brushes on Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized by Living Radical Polymerization Techniques (2005)

This article reports on the preparation of environmentally responsive "hairy" nanoparticles by growth of mixed poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA)/polystyrene (PS) brushes from silica particles using living radical polymerization techniques and subsequent hydrolysis of PtBA to produce amphiphilic mixed poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/PS brushes. Silica particles were synthesized by the Stober process and were functionalized with an asymmetric difunctional initiator-terminated monolayer. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of tBA was carried out in the presence of a free initiator. Kinetics study showed that the polymerization was well controlled. By cleaving PtBA off the particles, the molecular weights of the grafted and free polymers were found to be essentially identical. Mixed PtBA/PS brushes were obtained by the nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of styrene from PtBA particles. The M(n) of the grafted PS was found to be the same as that of the free PS formed in the solution from the free initiator. Amphiphilic mixed PAA/PS brush-coated nanoparticles were synthesized from mixed PtBA/PS particles by hydrolysis of PtBA with iodotrimethylsilane. Tyndall scattering experiments and (1)H NMR study showed that the mixed PAA/PS particles can be dispersed and form a stable suspension in CHCl(3), a selective solvent for PS, and also in CH(3)OH, a selective solvent for PAA, demonstrating the capability of these hairy nanoparticles to undergo chain reorganization in response to environmental changes.
Fostamatinib for the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Trial (2021)

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04579393.