gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced current mirrors for low voltage analog designs (2004)

Current mirrors are core structure for almost all analog and mixed mode circuits and the performance of analog structures largely depends on their characteristics. Hence, for low voltage analog circuit structures, low voltage current mirrors are mandatory. In this tutorial article, we present some of the low voltage current mirrors along with their merits and demerits, so that the selection of a suitable current mirror for a particular application will be easier.
Immune stimulatory effect of anti-EpCAM immunotoxin – improved overall survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> In a recent phase I trial in a heterogeneous group of carcinoma patients with advanced disease, we did not observe objective responses by CT at 8 weeks in patients treated with either the anti-EpCAM immunotoxin MOC31PE alone or administered in combination with the immunosuppressor cyclosporin (CsA). We have now assessed overall survival (OS) data for the two groups to reveal potential differences, and to elucidate putative underlying mechanisms.<b>Material and methods:</b> The OS time of MOC31PE monotherapy (34 patients) and MOC31PE in combination with CsA (23 patients), was assessed. Pre- and post-treatment patient sera were analyzed in a multiplex immunoassay, and the immunogenic effects of MOC31PE were studied <i>in vitro</i> and in a dendritic cell maturation assay.<b>Results:</b> When the data were analyzed for all treated patients regardless of cancer type, the MOC31PE alone group had a median OS of 12.7 months (95% CI = 5.6-19.8 months) compared to 6.2 months (95% CI = 5.6-6.8 months) (<i>p</i>=.066) for the patients treated with MOC31PE + CsA group. For the subgroup of patients with colorectal cancer, the median OS survival was 16.3 months (95% CI = 5.6-27.0) for the MOC31PE only cohort (<i>n</i> = 15), compared to 6.0 months (CI = 5.8-6.2) (<i>p</i> < .001) for the combination group. The cytokine profile in patient sera and the <i>in vitro</i> immunological studies indicate that MOC31PE induced an immunogenic response leading to T-cell activation; a response that was suppressed in patients treated with MOC31PE + CsA.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results reveal a promising clinical benefit of anti-EpCAM immunotoxin treatment in patients with advanced disease, an effect apparently explained by a previously unknown immunogenic effect of MOC31PE.
A combination of potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from an Indian convalescent donor protects against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (2021)

Although efficacious vaccines have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, there remains an unmet medical need for treatment options, which monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can potentially fill. This unmet need is exacerbated by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that have shown some resistance to vaccine responses. Here we report the isolation of two highly potently neutralizing mAbs (THSC20.HVTR04 and THSC20.HVTR26) from an Indian convalescent donor, that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 VOCs at picomolar concentrations including the delta variant (B.1.617.2). These two mAbs target non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein thereby preventing the virus attachment to its host receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2). Furthermore, the mAb cocktail demonstrated protection against the Delta variant at low antibody doses when passively administered in the K18 hACE2 transgenic mice model, highlighting their potential as cocktail for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Developing the capacity to rapidly discover and develop mAbs effective against highly transmissible pathogens like coronaviruses at a local level, especially in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) such as India, will enable prompt responses to future pandemics as an important component of global pandemic preparedness.
Fast spin‐echo for multiple mouse magnetic resonance phenotyping (2005)

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging is emerging as a powerful tool for phenotyping mice in biologic studies of genetic expression, development, and disease progression. In several applications, notably random mutagenesis trials, large cohorts of mice must be examined for abnormalities that may occur in any part of the body. In the aim of establishing a protocol for imaging multiple mice simultaneously in a standardized high-throughput fashion, this study investigates variations of a three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence that implements driven equilibrium, modified refocusing, and partial excitation pulses. Sequence variations are compared by simulated and experimental measurements in phantoms and mice. Results indicate that when using a short repetition time (TR<or=T1) a sequence employing a partial excitation tip angle provides both improved signal and good T2 contrast compared with standard fast spin-echo imaging. This sequence is used to simultaneously acquire four live mouse head images at 100 microm isotropic resolution with a scan time under 3 h at 7 T.
The effect of silver composition and additives on switching characteristics of silver tin oxide type contacts for automotive inductive loads (2005)

Four silver tin indium oxide materials with different total oxide content and minor additives have been tested with an automotive inductive load under different conditions by using a model switch. The contact erosion, contact temperature rise, contact resistance and welding force have been measured and analyzed. The results indicate that the total metal oxide content is the predominant factor for all measured characteristics and that the minor addition tellurium (Te) has very little effects only on material transfer under the inductive load testing conditions. The longer electrical endurance testing results show that the short make bounce (<80 /spl mu/s) is the cause of high contact welding strength. The local pip and crater formation is result of making bounce arc erosion and it is always associated with the contact weld. The high contact over-travel can delay the pip and crater formation, thus prolonging the number of contact operations or the contact life.
Characteristics of Plasma-Enhanced Photoemission from Thin Films during Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (1991)

Plasma-enhanced photoemission spectroscopy has been applied to in situ monitoring of thin-film formation during CH 4 /Ar rf plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The behavior of the photoemission signal during CVD is described, along with basic characteristics of photoelectric signals in H 2 rf plasma.
Erratum: “Ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation from ultraviolet to 6.28 μm in a fluoride fiber” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 161103 (2009)] (2010)

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Left-Handedness based Bandpass Filter Design for RFID UHF-Band applications (2007)

This paper presents the design of a size-reduced Bandpass Filter working in the UHF band. To minimize the overall size of the component, the concept of Left-Handedness is adopted and combined with Right-handed lines for using the resonators a lot less than a quarter-wavelength. In addition to the basic metamaterial theory, the inverters are included and implemented. This design method is validated by the physical realization as well as rigorous simulations.
Deep Brain Stimulation Battery Longevity: Comparison of Monopolar Versus Bipolar Stimulation Modes (2016)

Abstract Background DBS is an effective treatment for movement disorders, but it is relatively complex, invasive, and costly. Little is known about whether stimulation mode alters pulse generator (battery) longevity in routine clinical care. The aim of this study was to compare battery longevity during monopolar versus bipolar stimulation in patients who underwent DBS for movement disorders. Methods We evaluated 2,902 programming adjustments and calculated the average stimulator settings for 393 batteries in 200 unique patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD ) and essential tremor ( ET ). We classified the pulse generators into different stimulation modes (monopolar, bipolar, tripolar, and double monopolar) and compared battery longevity with Kaplan–Meier's survival analyses using the log‐rank test. We exclusively implanted the Medtronic 3387 lead with adjacent electrode contacts separated by 1.5 mm. Results Mean pulse generator longevity was 47.6 ± 1.6 months regardless of diagnosis or stimulation mode. Bipolar stimulation mode was associated with greater longevity than monopolar stimulation (56.1 ± 3.4 vs. 44.2 ± 2.1 months; P = 0.006). This effect was most pronounced when stimulation parameters were at low‐to‐moderate intensity settings. Double monopolar configuration was associated with less pulse generator longevity than conventional stimulation modes (37.8 ± 5.6 vs. 49.7 ± 1.9; P = 0.014). Conclusion Implanted pulse generators initially programmed in bipolar mode provided 1 year of additional battery longevity versus monopolar mode in this large, retrospective series of patients with ET and PD . Given satisfactory efficacy for motor symptoms, bipolar stimulation mode is a feasible alternative programming strategy at the initiation of DBS therapy.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of β-lactam antigenic peptide hybrids; unusual opening of the β-lactam ring in acidic media (2010)

β-Lactam peptides were envisioned as conformational constraints in antigenic peptides (APs). Three different β-lactam tripeptides of varying flexibility were prepared in solution and incorporated in place of the central part of the altered melanoma associated antigenic peptide Leu(27)-Melan-A(26-35) using solid phase synthesis techniques. Upon TFA cleavage from the solid support, an unexpected opening of the β-lactam ring occurred with conservation of the amide bond. After adaptation of the solid phase synthesis strategy, β-lactam peptides were successfully obtained and both opened and closed forms were evaluated for their capacity to bind to the antigen-presenting class-I MHC HLA-A2 protein system. None of the closed β-lactam peptides bound to HLA-A2, but their opened variants were shown to be moderate to good HLA-A2 ligands, one of them being even capable of stimulating a Melan-A-specific T cell line.
Early removal of bile duct stones in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis by endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation. (2004)

The results suggest that bile duct stones can be effectively and safely removed by means of endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation even in patients with acute pancreatitis.
The effect of anneal, solar irradiation and humidity on the adhesion/cohesion properties of P3HT:PCBM based inverted polymer solar cells (2012)

We use a thin-film adhesion technique that enables us to precisely measure the energy required to separate adjacent layers in OPV cells. We demonstrate the presence of weak interfaces in prototypical inverted polymer solar cells, either prepared by spin, spray or slot-die coating, including flexible and non flexible solar cells. In all cases, we observed adhesive failure at P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS interface, indicating the intrinsic material dependence of this mechanism. The impact of temperature, solar irradiation and humidity on the adhesion and cohesion properties of this particular interface is discussed. First, we have found that post-deposition annealing increases the adhesion significantly. Annealing changes the morphology in the photoactive layer and consequently alters the chemical properties at the interface. Second, solar irradiation on fully encapsulated solar cells has no damaging but in contrast an enhancing effect on the adhesion properties, due to the heat generated from IR radiation. Finally, the synergetic effect of stress and an environmental species like moisture greatly accelerates the decohesion rate in the weak hygroscopic PEDOT:PSS layer. This results in a loss of mechanical integrity and device performance. The insight into the mechanisms of delamination and decohesion yields general guidelines for the design of more reliable organic electronic devices.
Variable Pressure Electron Beam Lithography (VP-eBL):  A New Tool for Direct Patterning of Nanometer-Scale Features on Substrates with Low Electrical Conductivity (2006)

We introduce variable pressure electron beam lithography (VP-eBL), as a new approach for the fabrication of nanometer-scale structures on electrically insulating substrates. This novel approach combines the high-resolution patterning capability of electron beam lithography with the charge-balance mechanism of the variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM) to control charging effects during pattern exposure. VP-eBL eliminates the need for any of the additional materials or processing steps required to eliminate pattern distortion artifacts during high vacuum eBL patterning on such substrates. Preliminary characterization of the VP-eBL process is presented, which demonstrates no significant change in ultimate pattern definition or enhancement of the local proximity effects due to primary beam scattering. In addition, we find that the shape of the scattering profile in the resist layer is modified in the presence of the chamber gas, allowing improved pattern definition at higher pressures.
CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS IN SAMARA REGION (2014)

Одним из подходов повышения эффективности лечения больных хроническим гепатитом В ХГВ в условиях ограниченных финансовых возможностей, является более рациональное использование противовирусных лекарственных средств. В связи с этим, была поставлена цель: дать клинико-эпидемиологическую характеристику пациентам с ХГВ в Самарской области, включенным в реестр для получения лекарственных средств по государственным программам. 
На базе клиники инфекционных болезней ГБОУ ВПО СамГМУ на первом этапе исследования изучены результаты комплексного обследования больных ХГВ, находящихся под диспансерным наблюдением и включенных в реестр региональной программы «Модернизация здравоохранения Самарской области» (n=336). На втором этапе, среди пациентов, мотивированных к лечению, были выделены больные (n=169), подлежащие проведению противовирусной терапии (ПВТ) согласно рекомендациям EASL (ДНК НВV свыше 2-х тыс МЕ в мл). Подробный анализ известных предикторов эффективности ПВТ: пол, возраст, наличие HBeAg, генотип НВV и исходная вирусная нагрузка, уровень АЛАТ, стадия фиброза, предшествующее лечение — позволил выделить 3 группы пациентов: 1 группа (10%): первичные НВeAg-негативные с генотипом А ДНК НВV и НВeAg-позитивные — все в возрасте до 60 лет и невысокими значениями вирусной нагрузки; 2 группа (34%): первичные НВeAg-негативных, с генотипом D НВV DNK и невысокими значениями вирусной нагрузки; 3 группа (56%): НВeAg-негативные (первичные и с рецидивом заболевания), с генотипом D DNK НВV и высокой вирусной нагрузкой. Дополнительные критерии позволили детализировать каждую выделенную группу, осуществляя индивидуальный подход к выбору препарата, а следовательно, рациональному использованию средств ПВТ.
Phase locking of a frequency agile laser (2006)

The authors report on the development and phase locking of a frequency agile laser. The use of a simple unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer together with a wideband phase-locked loop permits to control very fast frequency chirps (up to 3GHz in 5μs) with an excellent precision (frequency error less than 100kHz). The servoloop could be applied to many tunable lasers.
<title>Fiber-optic link for intrasatellite RF communications</title> (1994)

We propose an architecture for the duplex transmission of microwave/RF signals over a fiber-optic link. The link employs only one laser. The forward channel is implemented through laser intensity modulation, while the reverse channel uses an external modulator. We evaluate insertion gain, linear dynamic range and phase noise degradation for each of the two channels.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of Pretreatment on Interstitial and Intracellular Space of Canine Left-Ventricular Myocardium (1990)

In this study, the interstitial space and myocytes were investigated qualitatively and morphometrically in samples from beating, fibrillating as well as from cardioplegically HTK-arrested hearts fixed by immersion or perfusion. The size of tissue clefts separating bundles of myocytes and that of the interstitial space within bundles of myocytes depend on the functional state and on the kind of fixation. Cellular preservation is significantly better in HTK-arrested hearts compared to beating or fibrillating hearts. Thus, for the structural evaluation of myocytes and interstitium, the pretreatment constitutes a highly significant factor.
Variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at Syowa Station (69゜00'S, 39゜35'E), Antarctica (abstract) (1986)

P(論文)
Kinetics of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) after red wine oral administration in rats. (1996)

Kinetics of trans- and cis-resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a natural compound from grape products, have been evaluated in rats after oral administration of red wine. Resveratrol concentrations were measured in plasma, heart, liver and kidneys. Tissue concentrations showed a significant cardiac bioavailability and strong affinity for liver and kidneys.
Topology Aggregation in PNNI Networks Part II: Node Aggregation (2007)

This paper and its part I (link aggregation) companion present our work done in the deployment of topology aggregation techniques in the layer 2 infrastructure of AT&T's Global Network to deal with network growth. In this paper, use of PNNI node aggregation for new node additions is examined. Two techniques are compared: simple and complex node representations. There is a tradeoff between accuracy in preserving the original topological features and compactness in representation to achieve scaling. While complex node is more accurate, it may require the use of link aggregation. Simple node scales well, but it may attract transit traffic. Our analysis of simple node suggests its use in offices with no major impact on latency performance. We illustrate with an application to regional hub offices with lots of links.
Selective Small-Diameter Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Removal by Mere Standing with Anthraquinone and Application to a Field-Effect Transistor (2010)

Small-diameter metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were separated from larger diameter semiconducting SWNT when CoMoCAT samples (supplied with abundance of (6,5) species) were left standing at ambient laboratory condition for a few days in dimethylformamide solution containing ethylanthraquinone (EAQ). SWNT enriched in larger diameter semiconducting species by this method were used to fabricate SWNT network-based thin film transistors (TFTs). The resulting devices had mobilities of 0.2 cm2/(V s) and on/off ratios of about 104. The on/off ratios were greatly improved, by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, over those of TFTs made with pristine SWNT. The enrichment in semiconducting tubes was corroborated by UV−vis−NIR absorption, photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy. Density functional simulations show that hydroxyl radicals preferentially attack small-diameter metallic and then small-diameter semiconducting nanotubes over larger diameter semiconducting tubes. We propose that EAQ forms radicals in ambient lighted conditions, resulting in this diameter- and metallicity-selective reaction which increases the density of the target species, promoting their sedimentation under centrifugation. This simple method of obtaining semiconducting-enriched SWNT samples should be widely applicable for printed electronic devices.
A Feedback A/F Control System for Low Emission Vehicles (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recent Federal and California legislation have mandated major improvements in emission control. Tailpipe HC emission must be decreased an order of magnitude for the California Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standard. Present feedback A/F&lt;span class="xref"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; control systems employ a Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor (HEGO sensor) upstream of the catalyst to perform A/F feedback control. Limitations on the ultimate accuracy of these switching sensors are well known. To overcome these limitations a linear Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor (UEGO sensor) placed downstream from the minicatalyst is employed to attain improved A/F control and therefore, higher three-way catalyst (TWC) conversion efficiency. This configuration was granted a patent in 1992 (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="xref"&gt;**&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study compares performance differences between the two feedback control systems on a Ford Mustang. In initial studies both the UEGO and HEGO sensors were compared at the midposition location downstream of a minicatalyst. Although several HEGO calibrations were used, the UEGO sensor with Proportional-Integral (PI) control provided lower tailpipe emissions. Control loop frequency loss was minimal and the A/F control point stabilized by the filtering action of the minicatalyst.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Control loop behavior was tested with aged minicatalysts and UEGO sensors to determine if a practical increase in the loop gain could be attained to compensate for catalyst aging.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In conclusion, the midposition UEGO sensor feedback control, with further developement, appears to be a promising combination for future emission reduction.&lt;/div&gt;
Cloning and Characterization of Uronate Dehydrogenases from Two Pseudomonads andAgrobacterium tumefaciensStrain C58 (2008)

Uronate dehydrogenase has been cloned from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58. The genes were identified by using a novel complementation assay employing an Escherichia coli mutant incapable of consuming glucuronate as the sole carbon source but capable of growth on glucarate. A shotgun library of P. syringae was screened in the mutant E. coli by growing transformed cells on minimal medium containing glucuronic acid. Colonies that survived were evaluated for uronate dehydrogenase, which is capable of converting glucuronic acid to glucaric acid. In this manner, a 0.8-kb open reading frame was identified and subsequently verified to be udh. Homologous enzymes in P. putida and A. tumefaciens were identified based on a similarity search of the sequenced genomes. Recombinant proteins from each of the three organisms expressed in E. coli were purified and characterized. For all three enzymes, the turnover number (k(cat)) with glucuronate as a substrate was higher than that with galacturonate; however, the Michaelis constant (K(m)) for galacturonate was lower than that for glucuronate. The A. tumefaciens enzyme was found to have the highest rate constant (k(cat) = 1.9 x 10(2) s(-1) on glucuronate), which was more than twofold higher than those of both of the pseudomonad enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Aspects in the Studies of Organic Compounds by Electronic Circular Dichroism (2011)

Abstract Review: 71 refs.