gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hydractive CRONE Suspension: Operation Principle and Stability Study (2003)

Mechatronic subsystems have been extensively developed in automotive applications as they increase performance compared to passive components. The Hydractive CRONE suspension based on fractional differentiation is presented as a hybrid system undergoing an infinite sequence of autonomous switchings. The modelling and operation of Hydractive CRONE suspension as a hybrid system are presented. Finally the stability of Hydractive CRONE suspension is demonstrated using the maximum principle extended to hybrid systems.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CN and CO Coupling–A Practical Guide from an Industrial Vantage Point† (2004)

Abstract The palladium‐catalyzed coupling of amines with aryl halides or aryl alcohol derivatives, commonly dubbed Buchwald–Hartwig amination, has matured from a synthetic laboratory procedure to a technique that is widely used in natural product synthesis as well as in other fields of academic interest. Furthermore, due to the versatility and reliability of this reaction, researchers in industrial environments have included this methodology in their toolbox as a standard procedure for the synthesis of amine derivatives. Therefore, it is not surprising that first industrial processes up to ton‐scale have been performed using this cross‐coupling reaction. The authors who are involved in the application of this reaction to industrial processes on this scale give an overview of the recent developments in this field of chemistry, also including fundamental principles, with a special focus on the industrial approach and issues to be considered relevant in scaling‐up this transition metal‐catalyzed chemistry. This review differs from the already existing excellent academic reviews by focusing on the practical problems arising during implementing the methodology in an industrial environment as well as giving practical hints to this end.
Comparable Performance Evaluation of HC and HFC Refrigerants in an Optimized System (2006)

This paper presents an analytical evaluation of isobutane (R600a), propane (R290), R134a, R22, R410A, and R32 in a vapor compression system used for comfort cooling applications. The evaluation method was based on a system simulation model that was complimented with an evolutionary computation module for the optimization of refrigerant circuitries in the evaporator and condenser. The evaluation showed the coefficient of performance (COP) for the studied refrigerants to be within 13 %, with R32 and R290 having the highest system COPs. This evaluation produced a vastly different ranking of the compared fluids than that obtained from a theoretical cycle analysis based on thermodynamic properties alone. In the system simulations, the high pressure refrigerants overcame the thermodynamic disadvantage associated with their low critical temperature and had higher COPs than the low-pressure R134a and R600a, which were ranked the highest by the thermodynamic cycle analysis. The presented results include entropy generation information for complete systems and individual system components.
Medium effects on the photodissociation of hexacarbonylchromium (Cr(CO)6) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMedium effects on the photodissociation of hexacarbonylchromium (Cr(CO)6)Jeanne A. Welch, Kevin S. Peters, and Veronica VaidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 11, 1941–1947Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100208a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100208a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 10 bit 20 MS/s 3 V supply CMOS A/D converter (1994)

A 10 bit CMOS A/D converter with 3 V power supply has been developed for being integrated into system VLSI's. In this A/D converter, redundant binary encoders named "twin encoders" enhance tolerance to substrate noise, together with employing differential amplifiers in comparators. The bias circuit using a replica of the amplifier is developed for biasing differential comparators with 3 V power supply. Subranging architecture along with a multilevel tree decoding structure improves dynamic performance of the ADC at 3 V power supply. The A/D converter is fabricated in double-polysilicon, double-metal, 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The experimental results show that the ADC operates at 20 MS/s and the twin encoders suppress the influence of substrate noise effectively. This ADC has a single power supply of 3 V, and dissipates 135 mW at 20 MS/s operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 16-channel transceiver loop+dipole antennas head array for human head imaging at 10.5T (2017)

A loop+dipole transceiver antenna array was designed for 447 MHz /10.5 tesla human head imaging. This was achieved by a geometrically decoupled combination of a loop and a dipole antenna without inter-element decoupling circuitry. We made comparisons between an 8-channel loop only array, an 8-channel dipole only antenna array and a 16-channel loop+dipole combined antenna array through simulation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and MR imaging experiments.
Response of Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) to Herbicide Applications (1980)

Greenhouse studies revealed that glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 3.4 kg/ha or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at 0.3 kg/ha more effectively reduced further growth of honeyvine milkweed [ Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt.] when treated at a height of 30 cm than did 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha or dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid) at 0.6 kg/ha. Glyphosate or picloram applications were also more effective than 2,4-D or dicamba applications in reducing amount of regrowth that occurred after treated plants were cut at the soil surface. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D, glyphosate plus dicamba, glyphosate plus picloram or 2,4-D plus picloram combinations also effectively reduced further growth of treated plants and subsequent regrowth after plants were initially harvested. Greenhouse studies revealed that glyphosate plus ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg/ha or glyphosate plus ammonium sulfate at 1.1 plus 6.7 kg/ha were no more effective than glyphosate alone at 1.7 kg/ha. Dowco 290 (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) at up to 2.2 kg/ha did not effectively inhibit growth of honeyvine milkweed.
Design of a 4-MHz analog integrated CMOS transconductance-C bandpass filter (1988)

A continuous-time eighth-order fully integrated CMOS transconductance-C bandpass filter is presented for operation at 4 MHz with 800 kHz bandwidth and 0.5 dB pass-band ripple. A phase-locked loop for frequency tuning and four-point amplitude-locking loop for Q-factor tuning at the reflection zeros of the filter are implemented. The transfer characteristics were found to be essentially within specifications: less than 1-dB passband attenuation, 75-dB stopband attenuation and S/N ratio, and 0.5% harmonic distortion for 0.5-V/sub p-p/ signal were observed. Offset of the transconductances was internally controlled by an offset-control loop to less than 4 mV. A temperature-insensitive transconductance design and the noise characteristics of the filter building blocks are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automatically Synthesising Virtual Viewpoints by Trinocular Image Interpolation — Detailed Report (1997)

image processing, image based rendering, computer graphics, stereo matching We present a computationally simple and fully automatic method for creating virtual views of a scene by interpolating between sets of images obtained from different viewpoints. The technique is intended to give an immersive experience and a sense of viewing a real environment. The method uses correspondence points identified in the primary images. The matching of corresponding locations in the images has two stages. The first is based on ‘corner points’ and is used to extract the epipolar geometry that relates the images, then a second stage of edge matching recovers a more complete set of correspondences. These edge correspondences are then interpolated and used in an efficient morphing algorithm that operates one scanline at a time to perform image synthesis.
Gd-DTPA in Clinical MR of the Brain: 1. Intraaxial Lesions (1986)

Over 35 intraaxial lesions in 15 patients suspected of having intracranial tumors were studied with MR before and after injection of Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Diseases included primary and metastatic brain tumors, plaques of multiple sclerosis, occult arteriovenous malformations, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, and pituitary adenoma. The precontrast T2-weighted sequence (SE 2000/30, 60) was found to be most sensitive in detecting intraaxial lesions, showing 17 lesions that were not seen on the post-Gd-DTPA T1-weighted sequence (SE 500/30). In one case of multiple sclerosis, several lesions seen on the pre-Gd-DTPA study on T2-weighted images faded after injection of Gd-DTPA (due to T2 shortening). In two patients with large metastatic foci, other small metastatic lesions were seen better after Gd-DTPA on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Four other patients with only one focal-enhancing lesion and one patient with multifocal lesions on T1-weighted images actually had a much larger single glioma depicted on pre-Gd-DTPA T2-weighted images. In a patient with AIDS, a ring-enhancing lesion thought to be an abscess proved to be lymphoma. The cryptic arteriovenous malformations enhanced but showed more characteristic findings, such as hemorrhage, on pre-Gd-DTPA studies. Our experience suggests that Gd-DTPA may not improve sensitivity of MR in the detection of intraaxial lesions. However, functional aspects of brain disease, such as the presence of perfusion of a lesion and active breach of the blood-brain barrier, are depicted well with Gd-DTPA and are vital for proper diagnosis in many instances.
Development of high-sensitive DNA probe by using perylene (2007)

Modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) involving two perylene moieties are synthesized. By using this ODN, one-base deletion can easily be distinguished with high sensitivity. In addition, emission color of the solution greatly changed so that the detection was possible even by naked eyes.
Activation of odorant receptor in colorectal cancer cells leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis (2017)

The analysis and functional characterization of ectopically expressed human olfactory receptors (ORs) is becoming increasingly important, as many ORs have been identified in several healthy and cancerous tissues. OR activation has been demonstrated to have influence on cancer cell growth and progression. Here, ORs were identified using RNA-Seq analyses and RT-PCR. We demonstrated the OR protein localization in HCT116 cells using immunocytochemistry (IHC). In order to analyze the physiological role of OR51B4, we deorphanized the receptor by the use of CRE-Luciferase assays, conducted calcium imaging experiments as well as scratch- and proliferation assays. Furthermore, western blot analyses revealed the involvement of different protein kinases in the ligand-dependent signaling pathway. Receptor knockdown via shRNA was used to analyze the involvement of OR51B4. We identified OR51B4, which is highly expressed in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 and in native human colon cancer tissues. We deorphanized the receptor and identified Troenan as an effective ligand. Troenan stimulation of HCT116 cells has anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and pro-apoptotic effects, mediated by changes in the intracellular calcium level upon PLC activation. These effects cause changes in the phosphorylation levels of p38, mTor and Akt kinases. Knockdown of the receptor via shRNA confirmed the involvement of OR51B4. This study emphasizes the importance of ectopically expressed ORs in the therapy for several diseases. The findings provide the basis for alternative treatments of colorectal cancer.
Data from Preclinical Comparison of the Blood–brain barrier Permeability of Osimertinib with Other EGFR TKIs (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Osimertinib is a potent and selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) of both sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. To treat metastatic brain disease, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability is considered desirable for increasing clinical efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We examined the level of brain penetration for 16 irreversible and reversible EGFR-TKIs using multiple &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; BBB preclinical models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; osimertinib was the weakest substrate for human BBB efflux transporters (efflux ratio 3.2). &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; rat free brain to free plasma ratios (Kpuu) show osimertinib has the most BBB penetrance (0.21), compared with the other TKIs (Kpuu ≤ 0.12). PET imaging in Cynomolgus macaques demonstrated osimertinib was the only TKI among those tested to achieve significant brain penetrance (&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; %ID 1.5, brain/blood Kp 2.6). Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy images of brains from mouse PC9 macrometastases models showed osimertinib readily distributes across both healthy brain and tumor tissue. Comparison of osimertinib with the poorly BBB penetrant afatinib in a mouse PC9 model of subclinical brain metastases showed only osimertinib has a significant effect on rate of brain tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These preclinical studies indicate that osimertinib can achieve significant exposure in the brain compared with the other EGFR-TKIs tested and supports the ongoing clinical evaluation of osimertinib for the treatment of EGFR-mutant brain metastasis. This work also demonstrates the link between low &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transporter efflux ratios and increased brain penetrance &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; supporting the use of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transporter assays as an early screen in drug discovery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Changes in Chromatin Structure in Curettage Specimens Identifies High-Risk Patients in Endometrial Cancer (2016)

This is the first study to evaluate the prognostic impact of Nucleotyping in curettage specimens from endometrial carcinoma and shows that this may be a clinically useful prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. External validation is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 61-67. ©2016 AACR.
Cathodoluminescence study of erbium and oxygen coimplanted gallium nitride thin films on sapphire substrates (1995)

The cathodoluminescence (CL) of erbium and oxygen coimplanted GaN (GaN:Er:O) and sapphire (sapphire:Er:O) was studied as a function of temperature. Following annealing, the 1.54 μm intra-4f-shell emission line was observed in the temperature range of 6–380 K. As the temperature increased from 6 K to room temperature, the integrated intensity of the infrared peak decreased by less than 5% for GaN:Er:O, while it decreased by 18% for sapphire:Er:O. The observation of minimal thermal quenching by CL suggests that Er and O doped GaN is a promising material for electrically pumped room-temperature optical devices emitting at 1.54 μm.
Fast optimal alignment (1991)

Algorithms often align sequences by minimizing a cost. Such algorithms usually operate by aligning successively longer subsequences until they finish the alignment. Efficient algorithms, such as those of Fickett and Ukkonen, speed the computation by ignoring bad subalignments. A general principle underlies the efficiency of these two algorithms: inequalities can direct computations to promising subalignments. Hence inequalities can be used to suggest alignment algorithms. Inequalities for unweighted end-gaps, affine and concave gap weights, etc., are discussed, and empirical results evaluating new algorithms for single indel costs and weighted end-gaps are presented. Empirical results show the new algorithms are, under certain circumstances, much faster than known algorithms.
A Robust Reweighted L1-Minimization Imaging Algorithm for Passive Millimeter Wave SAIR in Near Field (2015)

The Compressive Sensing (CS) approach has proven to be useful for Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer (SAIR) imaging because it provides the same high-resolution capability while using part of interferometric observations compared to traditional methods using the entirety. However, it cannot always obtain the sparsest solution and may yield outliers with the non-adaptive random measurement matrix adopted by current CS models. To solve those problems, this paper proposes a robust reweighted L₁-minimization imaging algorithm, called RRIA, to reconstruct images accurately by combining the sparsity and prior information of SAIR images in near field. RRIA employs iterative reweighted L₁-minimization to enhance the sparsity to reconstruct SAIR images by computing a new weight factor in each iteration according to the previous SAIR images. Prior information estimated by the energy functional of SAIR images is introduced to RRIA as an additional constraint condition to make the algorithm more robust for different complex scenes. Compared to the current basic CS approach, our simulation results indicate that RRIA can achieve better recovery with the same amount of interferometric observations. Experimental results of different scenes demonstrate the validity and robustness of RRIA.
Allograft Subsidence Decreases Postoperative Segmental Lordosis With Minimal Effect on Global Alignment Following ACDF (2021)

Severe subsidence is associated with a significant increase in loss of segmental lordosis, but has minimal effect on global cervical alignment parameters.
Fluoroscopic evaluation of diaphragmatic motion reduction with a respiratory gated radiotherapy system (2001)

We report on initial patient studies to evaluate the performance of a commercial respiratory gating radiotherapy system. The system uses a breathing monitor, consisting of a video camera and passive infrared reflective markers placed on the patient's thorax, to synchronize radiation from a linear accelerator with the patient's breathing cycle. Six patients receiving treatment for lung cancer participated in a study of system characteristics during treatment simulation with fluoroscopy. Breathing synchronized fluoroscopy was performed initially without instruction, followed by fluoroscopy with recorded verbal instruction (i.e., when to inhale and exhale) with the tempo matched to the patient's normal breathing period. Patients tended to inhale more consistently when given instruction, as assessed by an external marker movement. This resulted in smaller variation in expiration and inspiration marker positions relative to total excursion, thereby permitting more precise gating tolerances at those parts of the breathing cycle. Breathing instruction also reduced the fraction of session times having irregular breathing as measured by the system software, thereby potentially increasing the accelerator duty factor and decreasing treatment times. Fluoroscopy studies showed external monitor movement to correlate well with that of the diaphragm in four patients, whereas time delays of up to 0.7 s in diaphragm movement were observed in two patients with impaired lung function. From fluoroscopic observations, average patient diaphragm excursion was reduced from 1.4 cm (range 0.7-2.1 cm) without gating and without breathing instruction, to 0.3 cm (range 0.2-0.5 cm) with instruction and with gating tolerances set for treatment at expiration for 25% of the breathing cycle. Patients expressed no difficulty with following instruction for the duration of a session. We conclude that the external monitor accurately predicts internal respiratory motion in most cases; however, it may be important to check with fluoroscopy for possible time delays in patients with impaired lung function. Furthermore, we observe that verbal instruction can improve breathing regularity, thus improving the performance of gated treatments with this system.
Countering Contextual Bias in TV Watching Behavior (2017)

Context-awareness has become a critical factor in improving the predictions of user interest in modern online TV recommendation systems. In addition to individual user preferences, existing context-aware approaches such as tensor factorization incorporate system-level contextual bias to increase predicting accuracy. We analyzed a user interaction dataset from a WebTV platform, and identified that such contextual bias creates a skewed selection of recommended programs which ultimately locks users in a filter bubble. To address this issue, we introduce the Twitter social stream as a source of external context to extend the choice with items related to social media events. We apply two trend indicators, Trend Momentum and SigniScore, to the Twitter histories of relevant programs. The evaluation reveals that Trend Momentum outperforms SigniScore and signalizes 96% of all peaks ahead of time regarding the selected candidate program titles.
Low Wattage Metal Halide Lamps (1982)

The development of a viable low wattage metal halide incandescent replacement technology has been the result of an identification and exploration of the critical design factors which influence arc tube performance below 250 W. Bulb shape, end seal geometry, and electrode parameters are discussed in terms of their impact on color point, efficiency, and maintenance. A high performance 30 W arc tube design is discussed as an example.
Parallel-Flow Prune Dehydration (1965)

About 20% of California's dried prune crop will be processed through parallel-flow dehydrators this year—a technique developed by University researchers that allows a 50% increase in seasonal capacity of conventional dehydrators, with no important differences in quality of the dried prunes. The new system involves moving the cars of prune dehydration trays through conventional drying tunnels with the hot air flow rather than against it. This operation exposes the moist prunes to the hottest air at the start of the drying process when higher temperatures are desired, rather than when nearly dry as they leave the tunnel. The new technique has also made feasible complete time-clock automation of dehydration tunnels.