gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate recognition and selectivity in the type IC DNA modification methylase M.EcoR124l (1993)

The type I DNA modification methylase M.EcoR124I binds sequence specifically to DNA and protects a 25bp fragment containing its cognate recognition sequence from digestion by exonuclease III. Using modified synthetic oligonucleotide duplexes we have investigated the catalytic properties of the methylase, and have established that a specific adenine on each strand of DNA is the site of methylation. We show that the rate of methylation of each adenine is increased at least 100 fold by prior methylation at the other site. However, this is accompanied by a significant decrease in the affinity of the methylase for these substrates according to competitive gel retardation assays. In contrast, methylation of an adenine in the recognition site which is not a target for the enzyme results in only a small decrease in both DNA binding affinity and rate of methylation by the enzyme.
The Effect of Computer-and-Writing Instruction on Prospective English Teachers’ Attitudes Toward and Perceived Uses of Computers in Writing Instruction (1990)

In this study the attitudes toward and perceived uses of computers of English education undergraduates were measured after an 11-week course focusing on computers and writing. The group was divided into three groups: (a) those entering with no computer experience, (b) those entering with word processing experience, and (c) those entering with both word processing and programming language experience. It was found that the computer anxiety of the entire group reduced from pre- to post-treatment. Not only did the number of computer uses they listed at the onset increase—from 94 to 143, an increase of 52%—but also the types of uses departed from the early focus on isolated skills (via drill and practice) to the later domination of writing process uses. The changes in concerns of all students went from Awareness and Personal to Consequence, Collaboration, and Refocusing—changes that reflect concerns focusing less on self and more on their prospective students and fellow teachers. In all analyses, the subgroup that showed the greatest change was that entering with no prior experience with computers.
X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure of Grain‐Boundary‐Segregated Y and Zr in Creep‐Resistant Alumina (2002)

X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) depends on stereochemical features of coordination polyhedra around probe atoms. K ‐edge XANES of Y and Zr segregated in alumina grain boundaries has been obtained and analyzed using metallic Y and Zr, Y 2 O 3 , YAG, and monoclinic ZrO 2 as standards. Grain‐boundary‐segregated Y and Zr show a positive chemical shift, and the magnitude of the shift, as compared with that of Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 , respectively, is different for Y and Zr, indicating that, relative to Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 , charge transfers for the grain‐boundary‐segregated Y and Zr are different. This result is also supported by the strength of the threshold resonance. A pre‐edge shoulder is seen in K ‐edge XANES for grain‐boundary‐segregated Y and Zr but not for Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 . This shoulder is attributed to the 1 s → 4 d transition, which is normally forbidden, but can occur because of d – p mixing, which is favored by a tetrahedral coordination configuration. These results suggest that some of the grain‐boundary‐segregated Y and Zr have coordination configurations with a well‐defined tetrahedral symmetry. The XANES results are compared with those obtained from EXAFS. Implications of these results for understanding of the enhanced creep resistance in alumina are also discussed.
Psychometric Properties of a New Metamemory Questionnaire for Older Adults (2002)

Subjective memory ratings provide information that is distinct from objective memory performance, and there is a need for reliable and valid metamemory measures. The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), developed to assess separate dimensions of memory ratings that are applicable to clinical assessment and intervention, includes scales of Contentment (i.e., affect regarding one's memory), Ability (i.e., self-appraisal of one's memory capabilities), and Strategy (i.e., reported frequency of memory strategy use). Among a group of 115 older adults, analyses revealed excellent content validity, factorial validity, test-retest and intratest reliability, convergent and discriminant construct validity, and independence from demographic variables. The psychometric strengths of the MMQ, together with descriptive statistics provided for healthy older adults, make this questionnaire useful in both clinical and research settings.
Synthesis and N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) Antagonist Properties of the Enantiomers of α‐Amino‐5‐(phosphonomethyl)[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐propanoic Acid. Use of a New Chiral Glycine Derivative (1992)

Abstract The enantiomers of the title compound, 7a and ent ‐ 7a , and of substituted analogues are synthesized. The absolute configuration of 7a is deduced from that of ( tert ‐butyl 2‐ tert ‐butyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidin‐1‐carboxylate ( 15 ) and from the trans ‐configuration of the intermediate 17a which in turn is assigned on the basis of 1 H‐NMR nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. Instead of 15 , the 2‐isopropyl‐substituted analogue 21 can also be employed. Its preparation from glycine, methylamine, isobutyraldehyde, and (Boc) 2 O, and the resolution through the bis‐ O , O ′‐(4‐toluyl)tartrate salt 20 are described. In two functional tests (rat neocortical slice and frog hemisected spinal cord preparation) the ( S )‐enantiomer 7a (SDZ EAB 515) is shown to be a very potent, selective competitive NMDA antagonist.
Characterization of naturally occurring autoantibodies against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α):in vitrofunction and precise epitope mapping by phage epitope library (1994)

Naturally occurring autoantibodies against cytokines exist in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases as well as in the sera of normal individuals. We report here that affinity-purified autoantibodies against human TNF-alpha from one rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient inhibited the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha on the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI 164, by 50%. In an attempt to predict the autoantibodies' recognition site on TNF-alpha protein we screened a random nanopeptide phage library with the affinity-purified TNF-alpha autoantibodies. Among 63 random selected clones, 46 clones carried the sequence ASSLLASSP, NSSPYLNTK or PQSPGSSFP. Frequency analysis of the relative occurrence of the 20 amino acids in the nanopeptides displayed by 50 random bacteriophages picked before selection and 63 after selection to bind to TNF-alpha autoantibodies indicated that proline (P < 0.0003) and serine (P < 0.04) are involved in the binding of the autoantibodies to the phages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that three synthetic peptides (ASSLLASSP, NSSPYLNTK and PPLKPVIDE) displayed by the selected phages reduced the binding of the autoantibodies to TNF-alpha protein by 50%. Interestingly, the sera of mice (BALB/c) immunized with phages displaying ASSLLASSP and NSSPYLNTK peptide showed an anti-TNF-alpha response as detected by ELISA. This response was not found in mice immunized with the wild type phage. Thus, the recombinant phages selected from the phage libraries could be used as carrier for immunization, and therefore as a tool for vaccine development. This work sets the stage for experiments designed to isolate ligands for protective antibodies.
A Comprehensive Survey of Clonal Diversity Measures in Barrett's Esophagus as Biomarkers of Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2010)

Neoplastic progression is an evolutionary process driven by the generation of clonal diversity and natural selection on that diversity within a neoplasm. We hypothesized that clonal diversity is associated with risk of progression to cancer. We obtained molecular data from a cohort of 239 participants with Barrett's esophagus, including microsatellite shifts and loss of heterozygosity, DNA content tetraploidy and aneuploidy, methylation, and sequence mutations. Using these data, we tested all major diversity measurement methods, including genetic divergence and entropy-based measures, to determine which measures are correlated with risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. We also tested whether the use of different sets of loci and alterations to define clones (e.g., selectively advantageous versus evolutionarily neutral) improved the predictive value of the diversity indices. All diversity measures were strong and highly significant predictors of progression (Cox proportional hazards model, P < 0.001). The type of alterations evaluated had little effect on the predictive value of most of the diversity measures. In summary, diversity measures are robust predictors of progression to cancer in this cohort.
Middleware versus native OS support: architectural considerations for supporting multimedia applications (2003)

In this paper, we examine two architectural alternatives-native OS support versus middleware-for supporting multimedia applications. Specifically, we examine whether extensions to OS functionality are necessary for supporting multimedia applications, or whether much of these benefits can be accrued by implementing resource management mechanisms in a middleware system. To answer these questions, we use QLinux and TAO as representative examples of a multimedia operating system and a multimedia middleware, respectively, and examine their effectiveness in supporting distributed applications. Our results show that although the run-time overheads of a middleware can impact application performance, middleware resource management mechanisms can, nevertheless, be as effective as native OS mechanisms for many applications. We also find OS kernel-based mechanisms to be more effective then middleware systems at providing application isolation and at preventing applications from interfering with one another.
Application of electron microscopy to the study of plasma lipoprotein structure. (1972)

Publisher Summary Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecules composed of proteins and lipids. They perform the important function of transporting complex lipids in the plasma. The transported lipids are biologically important in the energy metabolism of tissues and in the structure of cell membranes. This chapter focuses on the morphological properties of lipoproteins as shown by various electron microscopic techniques including fixation and shadowing, fixation and sectioning, freeze-etching, and negative staining. It emphasizes on the isolated lipoprotein fractions because such fractions are physically and chemically well defined. The lipoprotein fractions are from human plasma. Lipoproteins isolated from plasma and serum appear to be identical in their chemical and physical properties. The chapter discusses the capabilities and the limitations of the various electron microscopic techniques in the analysis of lipoprotein structure. Studies on morphological aspects of lipid-protein interactions in plasma lipoproteins as well as in model systems containing specific lipids and proteins have been stimulated.
Distillation-based Separation Systems Synthesis (1995)

This chapter presents two applications of MINLP methods in the area of separations. Section 9.1 provides an overall introduction to the synthesis of separation systems. Section 9.2 focuses on sharp heat-integrated distillation sequencing. Section 9.3 presents an application of nonsharp separation synthesis. The synthesis of distillation-based separation sequences has been one of the most important subjects of investigation in the area of process synthesis. This is attributed to the significant contribution of separation processes to the total capital investment and operating expenses of a chemical plant. As a result, a lot of interest has been generated in the development of systematic approaches that select optimal sequences of distillation columns. Westerberg (1985) provided a comprehensive review of the distillation-based separation synthesis approaches, as well as presented a classification of different types of separation problems along with their associated challenges. Nishida et al. (1981) and Smith and Linnhoff (1988) reviewed the general separation synthesis problem (i.e., not only distillation-based) and presented the progress made. To illustrate the nature of the distillation-based separation system synthesis problem, let us consider its generic definition shown in Figure 9.1, which is as follows: . . . Given a number of input multicomponent streams which have specified amounts for each component, create a cost-optimal configuration of distillation columns, mixers, and splitters that produces a number of multicomponent products with specified composition of their components. . . The products feature components that exist in the input streams and can be obtained by redistributing the components existing in the input streams, while the cost-optimal configuration corresponds to the least total annual cost one. Most of distillation columns or sequences can be classified as (i) Sharp, (ii) Nonsharp, (iii) Simple, (iv) Complex, (v) Heat-integrated, and (vi) Thermally coupled. In (i), a column separates its feed into products without overlap in the components. An example is the separation of a stream consisting of four components A, B, (C, and D via a distillation column, into one product consisting of only A and another product featuring B, C, and D. If all columns are sharp, then the separation sequence is termed as sharp sequence.
Platelet membrane microparticles in blood bank fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate (1986)

Cryoprecipitate has been demonstrated to correct the bleeding abnormality of patients with some congenital (storage pool disease) and acquired (uremia) platelet abnormalities, but the reason for this effect is unknown. We found significant platelet contamination in plasma harvested to prepare fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. The platelet membrane microparticles produced by freezing and thawing of the plasma were highly concentrated in cryoprecipitate and may contribute to its therapeutic effect.
In Situ Synthesis of a Double-Layer Chitosan Coating on Cotton Fabric to Improve the Color Fastness of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin (2020)

Natural dye's poor affinity for cotton and poor fastness properties still hinder its applications in the textile industry. In this study, a doubled-layered chitosan coating was cured on cotton fabric to serve as bio-mordant and form a protective layer on it. Under the optimal treatment conditions, the maximum <i>q<sub>e</sub></i> (adsorption amount) of the natural dye sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) calculated from the Langmuir isothermal model was raised from 4.5 g/kg to 19.8 g/kg. The dye uptake of the treated fabric was improved from 22.7% to 96.4% at 1% o.w.f. dye concentration. By a second chitosan layer cured on the dyed fabric via the cross-linking method, the wash fastness of the cotton fabric dyed with SCC can be improved from 3 to 5 (ISO 105 C-06). The natural source of the biopolymer material, chitosan, and its ability to biodegrade at end of life met with the initial objective of green manufacturing in applying natural dyes and natural materials to the textile industry.
Context-Aware Person Identification in Personal Photo Collections (2009)

Identifying the people in photos is an important need for users of photo management systems. We present MediAssist, one such system which facilitates browsing, searching and semi-automatic annotation of personal photos, using analysis of both image content and the context in which the photo is captured. This semi-automatic annotation includes annotation of the identity of people in photos. In this paper, we focus on such person annotation, and propose person identification techniques based on a combination of context and content. We propose language modelling and nearest neighbor approaches to context-based person identification, in addition to novel face color and image color content-based features (used alongside face recognition and body patch features). We conduct a comprehensive empirical study of these techniques using the real private photo collections of a number of users, and show that combining context- and content-based analysis improves performance over content or context alone.
High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: From strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day (2015)

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures.
Decreased nitric oxide‐mediated natural killer cell activation in chronic fatigue syndrome (1998)

These results demonstrate that the L-Arg-induced activation of NK activity is mediated by NO and that a possible dysfunction exists in the NO-mediated NK cell activation in CFS patients.
New Double-Quantum Filtering Schemes (1996)

New double-quantum filtering (DQF) schemes are theoretically developed by reformulating the equations describing the double-quantum (DQ) signal. The equations describing the second- and third-rank DQ signals are simplified by restricting the RF phases as required for DQF. The equations are then factorized into two terms representing the separate contribution to the DQ signal from the RF pulses involved in the preparation and evolution times. This allows analysis of the DQ signal of a particular DQF scheme separately for each of these times in a concise manner. By use of the reformulated equations, the conventional DQF scheme is shown to be only one of four possible DQF schemes. The three new DQF schemes offer some desirable properties over the conventional DQF scheme. In the conventional DQF scheme, the third-rank DQ signal declines rapidly to null as the flip angles of the creation and readout RF pulses deviate from 90 degrees to 54.7 degrees or 125.3 degrees. In addition, the second- and third-rank DQ signals in the conventional DQF scheme are opposite in their polarities, resulting in attenuation of the total DQ signal due to destructive interference between them. In one of three new DQF schemes, the DQ signal does not vanish at 54.7 degrees and 125.3 degrees, but varies smoothly with the same functional dependence on the RF flip angles as the second-rank DQ and triple-quantum signals. Furthermore, in two of the three new DQF schemes, the second- and third-rank DQ signals have the same polarity so that the total DQ signal may be enhanced through constructive interference between them. These features of new DQF schemes have been confirmed experimentally.
Changes in 31 P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Tumor Growth in Radioresistant and Radiosensitive Tumors (1990)

In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy has been used to compare metabolic profiles with tumor radiosensitivity. A radioresistant mammary carcinoma (MCa) and a radiosensitive methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth-A) were studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy in the tumor volume range of approximately 100-1200 mm3. The MCa showed a constant pH in this volume range; the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) for 160-300 mm3 tumors was 0.33 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- standard deviation) and did not change (0.29 +/- .09) for tumors in the volume range of 600-1200 mm3. In comparison, the Meth-A showed a decrease in tumor pH as volume increased from 160-300 mm3 (pH 7.16 +/- 0.4) to 600-1200 mm3 (pH 6.94 +/- .07). Tumor PCr/Pi decreased from 0.70 +/- .16 (160-300 mm3) to 0.33 +/- .16 (600-1200 mm3). The radiation doses for control of MCa-induced tumors in 50% of the treated tumors ranged from 65 (150-250 mm3) to 71 Gy (1000-1300 mm3) and for the Meth-A-induced tumors ranged from 35 (150-250 mm3) to 38 Gy (1000-1300 mm3). These results suggest that 31P NMR spectra may be a qualitative predictor of tumor hypoxia, although further studies of human and rodent tumors are necessary to support this hypothesis.
Leveraging IBM visual age for C++ for reverse engineering tasks (1999)

The IBM VisualAge for C++ development environment provides tool writers with the ability to query the compiler's internal data structures for information on the programs being compiled. This paper shows how these features can be used to write data extractors for supplying data to common reverse engineering tools, while significantly reducing the complexity of the data extractors and the time needed to develop these as compared to using traditional approaches and programming tools.
Mesure du flux sanguin au niveau de la tête du nerf optique lors de Pexercise isométrique* (1998)

This study shows for the first time in human autoregulation of Fonh when PPm is increased by increasing the systemic blood pressure.
How Swift Is Cry-Mediated Magnetoreception? Conditioning in an American Cockroach Shows Sub-second Response (2018)

Diverse animal species perceive Earth's magnetism and use their magnetic sense to orientate and navigate. Even non-migrating insects such as fruit flies and cockroaches have been shown to exploit the flavoprotein Cryptochrome (Cry) as a likely magnetic direction sensor; however, the transduction mechanism remains unknown. In order to work as a system to steer insect flight or control locomotion, the magnetic sense must transmit the signal from the receptor cells to the brain at a similar speed to other sensory systems, presumably within hundreds of milliseconds or less. So far, no electrophysiological or behavioral study has tackled the problem of the transduction delay in case of Cry-mediated magnetoreception specifically. Here, using a novel aversive conditioning assay on an American cockroach, we show that magnetic transduction is executed within a sub-second time span. A series of inter-stimulus intervals between conditioned stimuli (magnetic North rotation) and unconditioned aversive stimuli (hot air flow) provides original evidence that Cry-mediated magnetic transduction is sufficiently rapid to mediate insect orientation.