gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiation of DNA replication at the human -globin 3' enhancer (2005)

The origin of DNA replication in the human beta-globin gene contains an initiation region (IR) and two flanking auxiliary elements. Two replicator modules are located within the upstream auxiliary sequence and the IR core, but the functional sequences in the downstream auxiliary element are unknown. Here, we use a combination of benzoylated-naphthoylated DEAE (BND) cellulose purification and nascent strand abundance assays to show that replication initiation occurs at the beta-globin 3' enhancer on human chromosome 11 in the Hu11 hybrid murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell line. To examine replicator function, 3' enhancer fragments were inserted into an ectopic site in MEL cells via an optimized FRT/EGFP-FLP integration system. These experiments demonstrate that the 1.6 kb downstream auxiliary element is a third replicator module called bGRep-E in erythroid cells. The minimal 260 bp 3' enhancer is required but not sufficient to initiate efficient replication, suggesting cooperation with adjacent sequences. The minimal 3' enhancer also cooperates with elements in an expressing HS3beta/gamma-globin construct to initiate replication. These data indicate that the beta-globin replicator has multiple initiation sites in three closely spaced replicator modules. We conclude that a mammalian enhancer can cooperate with adjacent sequences to create an efficient replicator module.
Enzymatic and Electrochemical Reactions of Catalase Immobilized on Carbon Materials (1995)

It has been shown that catalase immobilized on graphite and soot undergoes an oxidation reduction transformation. Some results on the effect of the potential sweep rate, temperature and pH on this transformation are presented. On the basis of the relationship established, it has been proved that the redox transformation is related to the iron in the heme of the active center of the enzyme and takes place with a transfer of one electron.
Application of Wavelet Transform To Extract the Relevant Component from Spectral Data for Multivariate Calibration (1997)

An approach aiming at extracting the relevant component for multivariate calibration is introduced, and its performance is compared with the "uninformative variable elimination" approach and with the standard PLS method for the modeling of near-infrared data. The extraction of the relevant component is carried out in the wavelet domain. The PLS results on these relevant features are better, and therefore, it seems that this approach can successfully be used to remove noise and irrelevant information from spectra for multivariate calibration.
Risk of Restenosis and Health Status Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2005)

The relative health status benefits of CABG surgery compared with PCI increase as the risk of restenosis increases. Although selecting CABG or PCI is complex, preprocedural restenosis risk should be considered. It should also be tested as a means for considering drug-eluting as opposed to bare metal stents in PCI.
Molecular Biology of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (1996)

Following the molecular cloning of five distinct muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) genes, the last decade has witnessed an explosion of new knowledge about how mAChRs function at a molecular level. These studies have been greatly facilitated by the molecular characterization of the many components of the signal transduction pathways activated upon mAChR stimulation. Molecular genetic and biochemical approaches have considerably advanced our knowledge about how mAChRs are assembled, how they bind ligands, and which structural elements on the mAChRs are critical for G protein coupling. In addition, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mAChR activity (including mAChR sequestration, down-regulation, and phosphorylation) have been explored in great detail. Since the mAChRs are typical members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, the information gathered with this class of receptors should be of broad general relevance.
Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of the Lanthanum Rare‐Earth‐Element Zirconate System (2003)

To enhance the insulating properties of a thermal barrier coating, one has to focus on new materials with lower intrinsic thermal conductivity than established yttria‐stabilized zirconia. Substances with pyrochlore structure were investigated. Starting from lanthanum zirconate, substitutions of the lanthanum by other trivalent rare‐earth elements were made, and the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the manufactured materials were measured. A complete substitution of the lanthanum led to increased thermal expansion coefficients, whereas the partial substitution did not show an appreciable effect. The thermal conductivities of the modified materials were lower than that of the pure lanthanum zirconate for temperatures &lt;1000°C for all amounts and elements of substitution. A comparison of the observed values with calculated values of the thermal conductivities showed a relatively good agreement.
Yb-doped glass microcavity laser operation in water (2009)

A ytterbium-doped silica microcavity laser demonstrates stable laser emission while completely submerged in water. To our knowledge, it is the first solid-state laser whose cavity mode interacts with water. The device generates more than 2 microW of output power. The laser performance is presented, and low-concentration biosensing is discussed as a potential application.
An empirical study of global software development: distance and speed (2001)

Global software development is rapidly becoming the norm for technology companies. Previous qualitative research suggests that multi-site development may increase the development cycle time. We use both survey data and data from the source code change management system to model the extent of delay in a multi-site software development organization, and explore several possible mechanisms for this delay. We also measure differences in same-site and cross-site communication patterns, and analyze the relationship of these variables to delay. Our results show that, compared to same-site work, cross-site work takes much longer and requires more people for work of equal size and complexity. We also report a strong relationship between delay in cross-site work and the degree to which remote colleagues are perceived to help out when workloads are heavy. We discuss the implications of our findings for collaboration technology for distributed software development.
Rhenium Complexes with Red‐Light‐Induced Anticancer Activity (2014)

Rhenium(I) pyridocarbazole complexes with photoinduced antiproliferative activity are reported. The substitutionally inert complexes induce cell death by singlet oxygen generation upon irradiation with red light (<i>λ</i> ≥ 620 nm), while only weak background cytotoxicity is observed in the dark. Due to their ability to inhibit protein kinases (nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values against Pim1 at 10 μM ATP), this class of rhenium complexes point into the direction of dual function antiproliferative therapy with a single drug in which photodynamic therapy is combined with the inhibition of cancer related protein kinases.
Correlation of 18F-fluoride PET response to dasatinib in castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases with progression-free survival: Preliminary results from ACRIN 6687. (2013)

5003 Background: Dasatinib is a SRC kinase inhibitor that decreases bone turnover in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). 18 F-fluoride PET was used to evaluate differential response between normal and tumor bone to dasatinib. Methods: Patients with bone mCRPC underwent dynamic 18 F-flouride PET imaging prior to and 12 weeks after dasatinib treatment. Up to 5 bone metastases with matching normal bone regions were selected for analysis by SUV max , K i , K 1 and Patlak flux. Their pre-treatment values and change from pre-treatment to post-treatment values were evaluated via generalized estimating equations to predict skeletal-related events (SRE) and via Cox proportional hazards modeling to predict progression-free survival (PFS) with Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 criteria, overall survival and time to SRE. Results: Eighteen patients treated with dasatinib underwent baseline 18 F-flouride PET imaging; 12 had follow-up scans allowing assessment of changes due to therapy. Median age for all patients was 69 (range 48-86) years. Significant decrease in SUV max (p=0.0002) occurred in bone metastases with dasatinib while significant increases in Patlak flux (p=0.0033) occurred in normal bone. Significant differences in changes from tumor bone compared to normal bone in response to dasatinib were noted for SUV max (p&lt;0.0001). Of 18 patients, 17 have either met progression criteria or death by the time of this analysis. Decrease in tumor bone SUV max (p=0.019), K i (p=0.022), and Patlak flux (p=0.034) from pre-treatment to post-treatment correlates with longer PFS. Conclusions: 18 F-fluoride PET indicates differential effect of dasatinib on tumor compared to normal bone in men with mCRPC. In patients undergoing pre- and post-dasatinib 18 F-fluoride PET imaging a decrease in bone mCRPC fluoride uptake in response to treatment correlates with PFS. Clinical trial information: NCT00936975.
The Online Disinhibition Effect (2004)

While online, some people self-disclose or act out more frequently or intensely than they would in person. This article explores six factors that interact with each other in creating this online disinhibition effect: dissociative anonymity, invisibility, asynchronicity, solipsistic introjection, dissociative imagination, and minimization of authority. Personality variables also will influence the extent of this disinhibition. Rather than thinking of disinhibition as the revealing of an underlying "true self," we can conceptualize it as a shift to a constellation within self-structure, involving clusters of affect and cognition that differ from the in-person constellation.
Ionic and Coordination Ring‐Opening Polymerization (2022)

Abstract This article provides the up‐to‐date and comprehensive review (over 700 citations) of all the important subjects of the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) methods of polymers syntheses. This is the method of synthesis of several important classes of polymers that cannot be prepared in a different way (e.g., polyethers). It also complements known methods of polycondensation and ROP often is the method of choice. ROP is particularly important in syntheses of the biodegradable polymers‐polylactide and poly(ε‐caprolactone), discussed in details. Applications of these polymers, as well as polysiloxanes in biomedical applications are irreplaceable in the modern medicine. Either as bulk polymers or as nano‐ and microspheres, described In this article separately. There are sections in the present version that were not presented in the previous editions. This is description of polyoxazolines, polymers with phosphorus atoms in the chains, as well as mentioned above polysiloxanes an microspheres. We introduced also section describing novel analytical methods, particularly useful in studies of polymers with various architectures (star shape, multibranched etc.). Besides the synthetic aspects of ROP, this article describes thermodynamics and kinetic features of the living/controlled polymerizations, particularly by activated monomer mechanism and importance of dormant polymers in precision syntheses of desired structures.
Morphological, rheological and electrical properties of composites filled with carbon nanotubes functionalized with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (2018)

Non-covalent functionalization of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) could provide a solution for preserving their electronic structure facilitating the nanocomposite process preparation. Functionalization of MWCNTs by π-stacking interaction between nanofiller and a pyrene derivative has been explored. The rheological properties of filled epoxy resins highlight very interesting benefits from this kind of functionalization. Besides its peculiar capability for preventing agglomeration in the nanofiller dispersion step, it also efficiently contributes to a decrease in the viscosity of the nanocomposites; hence contrasting one of the most relevant drawback related to the manufacturing processes of the nanocomposites at MWCNTs loading rates beyond the Electrical Percolation Threshold (EPT). Because no damage of MWCNTs occurs, sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms is preserved together with the π-electron delocalization typical of polynuclear aromatic rings. Consequently, no deterioration in the electrical properties are detected; the measured EPT values are typical of nanocomposites containing embedded unfunctionalized MWCNTs (lower than 0.28 wt%), whereas for the electrical conductivity beyond the EPT, an enhancement is observed.
Platelet Count and Survival after Cancer (2022)

Thrombocytosis is associated with cancer progression and death for many cancer types. It is unclear if platelet count is also associated with cancer survival. We conducted a cohort study of 112,231 adults in Ontario with a diagnosis of cancer between January 2007 and December 2016. We included patients who had a complete blood count (CBC) completed in the 30 days prior to their cancer diagnosis. Subjects were assigned to one of three categories according to platelet count: low (≤25th percentile), medium (&gt;25 to &lt;75th percentile), and high (≥75th percentile). Study subjects were followed from the date of their cancer diagnosis for cancer-specific death. Of the 112,231 eligible cancer patients in the cohort study, 40,329 (35.9%) died from their cancer in the follow-up period. Relative to those with a medium platelet count, the rate of cancer-specific death was higher among individuals with a high platelet count (HR 1.52; 95%CI 1.48–1.55) and was lower among individuals with a low platelet count (HR 0.91; 95%CI 0.88–0.93). A high platelet count was associated with poor survival for many cancer types. Platelet count could potentially be used as a risk stratification measure for cancer patients.
Random Sequential Mechanism of Human Placental Glutathione S-Transferase (2023)

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a family of isoenzymes involved in the binding, transport, and metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous substances. Compounds with an electrophilic center conjugate readily with glutathione. GSH S-conjugates are typically converted to mercap-turic acids; the γ-Glu moiety of the conjugate is removed, and the resulting cysteinylglycine conjugate is converted to the cysteine conjugate, which is N-acety-lated and then excreted. The pathway varies with different compounds and species. Several organs and the intestinal flora may also be involved. Certain GSTs were previously known as Iigands (which bind bilirubin, steroids, azo dyes, and certain carcinogens) and were thought to function in the transport of these compounds from blood plasma into liver cells. GSTs from liver are dimeric enzymes that can contain four types of subunits. Data summarized in this chapter agree with the rapid equilibrium, random sequential, bi-bi mechanism for human placental glutathione S-transferase.
Scott and Shorter Fiction (2021)

The first chapter of this book positions Walter Scott within his historical arena of short prose writing, and then in a broader nineteenth-century survey in Scotland. By any formal or generic definition it is clear that Scott’s shorter fictions came in different shapes and sizes, and live in different types of publications. Even completed novels were augmented with snatches of new prose that ought to be treated as separate stories. However, Scott has been all but ignored by historians of the short story, for whom the modern form only emerged with the Victorians. While it may be true that some authors increasingly identified as short story writers by profession after the 1880s, the variegated format of Scott’s short-form fiction fits with, but also complicates, standard definitions. Placing Scott and his peers astride competing oral and print traditions as practiced in the earlier part of the century, we can more readily appreciate their adaptation of the sketch, the sketch-like tale, and other misunderstood types of shorter fiction.
Autonomous Monitoring of Soil Moisture & Snow Water Equivalent with Stationary and Mobile Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cosmic-ray neutron albedo sensing (CRNS) is a modern technology that can be used to continuously measure the average water content in the environment (i.e., in soil, snow, or vegetation). The sensor footprint encompasses an area of 10-15 hectares and extends to 20-50 decimeters deep into the soil. This method might be an alternative to conventional in-situ sensors or to expensive sampling of soil or snow. It also has the potential to bridge the scale gap between point-scale measurements and remote-sensing data in both, the horizontal and the vertical domain.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Currently, more than 200 sensors are operated in the growing networks of national and continental observatories. CRNS stations are continuously monitoring the local water dynamics at various field sites worldwide. They require almost no maintenance over the years due to a solar module, battery and telemetry. Since the method works non-invasively, the soil is left undisturbed. The passive sensing technique measures natural cosmogenic background radiation which interacts with hydrogen in the ground independent of temperature, frost, or wind effects. CRNS can also be used on mobile platforms for on-demand soil moisture mapping at the field- or regional scale. The sensors are rapidly operational on any ground- or airborne vehicle.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this presentation we will show various examples of stationary CRNS and their performance compared to traditional sensors at various sites in Germany, Europe, and beyond. We will discuss applications for hydrological modeling and new spatial mapping approaches. The data is particularly useful to study hydrological extreme events, droughts, heatwaves, floods, snow melt/accumulation, and it can be applied as a lower boundary condition in atmospheric models, in hydrological models, or agricultural irrigation management.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Analysis of epistasis in linked regions in the Irish study of high‐density schizophrenia families (2001)

Epistasis may be important in the etiology of schizophrenia. Analysis of epistasis has been important in the positional cloning of a gene involved in the etiology of type II diabetes mellitus. We investigated the importance of epistasis among six linked regions in 268 multiplex pedigrees in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families (ISHDSF) by computing pairwise correlations between nonparametric linkage scores for narrow, intermediate, and broad diagnostic definitions. The linked regions were on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10. No correlation reached our a priori level of statistical significance. Using this statistical approach, we did not find evidence of important epistatic effects among these six regions in the ISHDSF.
A frameless, armless navigational system for computer-assisted neurosurgery (1991)

A computer-assisted neurosurgical navigational system has been developed which displays intraoperative manipulation on the preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance (MR) images. The system consists of a three-dimensional digitizer, a personal computer, and an image-processing unit. Utilizing recently developed magnetic field modulation technology, the three-dimensional digitizer determines the spatial position and orientation angles of the resin probe, triangle-shaped pointer, or suction tube with a small attached magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the preoperative CT scans or MR images of the patient. With this frameless, armless navigational system, CT or MR-imaging stereotaxy can be applied to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with the surgical procedures.
A better tick-control trap: Modified bait tube controls disease-carrying ticks and fleas (1998)

In northwestern California, the dusky-footed wood rat is a primary reservoir of Lyme disease (LD) spirochetes and an important host of three tick species that collectively transmit the causative agents of LD, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia. It also is infested by two flea species that can transmit the agent of plague. We refined a method of applying pesticides to the host using liquid permethrin-treated bait tubes, and found it to be highly effective for reducing populations of these ticks on wood rats in brushlands. Although permethrin products are not currently registered for this use, this approach offers a promising tool for controlling arthropod-borne diseases in the western United States.
Zero pressure lifetimes and fluorescence quenching of ICl(A /sup 3/Pi/sub 1/) (1979)

Lifetimes of ICl(A /sup 3/Pi/sub 1/) are measured by laser-induced fluorescence. Zero pressure lifetimes for excitation between 589 and 669 nm range from 405 +- 40 to 460 +- 40 ..mu..sec. Quenching cross sections measured at 293/sup 0/K near 603 nm vary between 110 A/sup 2/ for ICl itself and 0.7 A/sup 2/ for Ne. A radiative lifetime of about 650 ..mu..sec was estimated from the integrated absorption spectrum.
Change in Critical Surface of Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn Wire by Neutron Irradiation (2023)

Neutron irradiation on Nb3Sn wire changes its superconducting properties. It is well known that the critical current increases by the irradiation once and then decreases by further irradiation. In this paper, the effective upper critical magnetic field and the critical temperature of the irradiated Nb3Sn wire were investigated, and the mechanism that causes such changes were discussed qualitatively by focusing on the role of the irradiation defects together with the normal metallurgical flaws. In addition, a critical surface was taken up and the general tendency of the change in the surface was discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of urethane polymers containing 2,2′‐biimidazole (1988)

Abstract A heterocyclic nitrogen‐containing system having substituent primary diol function, i.e., 1,1′‐dihydroxethyl‐2,2′‐biimidazole ( I ), has been prepared and used to synthesize a series of new polyurethanes based on aromatic diisocyanates (TDI, MDI). Variation of solution polymerization parameters permitted the isolation and infrared, NMR, molecular weight, and thermal characterization of polymeric materials. Isolated polymers exhibit a linear structure and have T g (150–170°C) and thermal stability (205–250°C for 20% weight loss) properties comparable to other typical urethane polymers. Zn 2+ complexation was indicated by shifts in the imidazole ringmode infrared vibrational bands at 917 and 1133 cm −1 to higher frequencies.