gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotensin receptors and dopamine transporters: Effects of MPTP lesioning and chronic dopaminergic treatments in monkeys (1999)

The effect of denervation with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) of the dopamine (DA) nigrostriatal pathway on neurotensin (NT) receptor and DA transporter (DAT) in basal ganglia of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was investigated. The MPTP lesion induced a marked depletion of DA (90% or more vs. control) in the caudate nucleus and putamen. The densities of NT agonist binding sites labeled with [125I]NT and the NT antagonist binding sites labeled with [3H]SR142948A decreased by half in the caudate-putamen of MPTP-monkeys. In addition, the densities of [125I]NT and [3H]SR142948A binding sites markedly decreased (-77 and -63%, respectively) in the substantia nigra of MPTP-monkeys. Levocabastine did not compete with high affinity for [125I]NT binding in the monkey cingulate cortex, suggesting that only one class of NT receptors was labelled in the monkey brain. An extensive decrease of [3H]GBR12935 DAT binding sites (-92% vs. Control) was observed in the striatum of MPTP-monkeys and an important loss of DAT mRNA(-86% vs. Control) was observed in substantia nigra. Treatments for 1 month with either the D1 agonist SKF-82958 (3 mg/kg/day) or the D2 agonist cabergoline (0.25 mg/kg/day) had no effect on the lesion-induced decrease in NT and DAT binding sites or DAT mRNA levels. The decrease of striatal NT binding sites was less than expected from the decrease of DA content in this nucleus, suggesting only partial localization of NT receptors on nigrostriatal DAergic projections. These data also suggest that under severe DA denervation, treatment with D1 or D2 DA agonists does not modulate NT receptors and DAT density.
Structural measurement by inverse scattering in the Rytov approximation (1985)

Data from a previous scattering experiment are used to calculate the scattering potential along the radius of a weakly scattering cylinder in the Rytov approximation. The results of this calculation are compared with those of an earlier calculation from the same data, which employed the first Born approximation.
Injectable Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan) for Local Anesthesia (1960)

Continued efforts have been directed toward discovering and developing new and safer local anesthetic agents for minor surgical procedures. Increased awareness of hypersensitivity to paraaminobenzoic acid derivatives<sup>1</sup>and the phenomenon of cross-sensitization of substances seemingly unrelated to them<sup>2</sup>has further stimulated the search. Compounds such as antihistamines, which are in no way related to PABA, have received some attention. The topical anesthetic value of tripelennamine hydrochloride, mepyramine, and promethazine hydrochloride has been recognized and utilized for some time. In August, 1954, Haranath<sup>3</sup>reported that promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan) resulted in prolonged and effective anesthesia when introduced intradermally or subcutaneously. He did notice some local inflammatory effect. Stimulated by Haranath's experience, it was decided to use promethazine hydrochloride for local anesthesia in office minor surgery. Thirty-three patients, twenty-four white men and nine white women with no known hypersensitivities, were selected at random. Promethazine hydrochloride in concentration of 25 mg.
Two‐dimensional motility of a macrophage cell line on microcontact‐printed fibronectin (2014)

The ability of macrophages to migrate to sites of infection and inflammation is critical for their role in the innate immune response. Macrophage cell lines have made it possible to study the roles of individual proteins responsible for migration using molecular biology, but it has not been possible to reliably elicit the motility of macrophage cell lines in two dimensions. In the past, measurements of the motility of macrophage cell lines have been largely limited to transwell assays which provide limited quantitative information on motility and limited ability to visualize cell morphology. We used microcontact printing to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces functionalized with fibronectin that otherwise support little macrophage adhesion. We used these surfaces to measure macrophage migration in two dimensions and found that these cells migrate efficiently in a uniform field of colony-stimulating factor-1, CSF-1. Knockdown of Cdc42 led to a nonstatistically significant reduction in motility, whereas chemical inhibition of PI3K activity led to a complete loss of motility. Inhibition of the RhoA kinase, ROCK, did not abolish the motility of these cells but caused a quantitative change in motility, reducing motility significantly on high concentrations of fibronectin but not on low concentrations. This study illustrates the importance of studying cell motility on well controlled materials to better understand the exact roles of specific proteins on cell migration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing Two Medicines to Prevent Blood Clots after Treatment for Fractures – The PREVENT CLOT Study (2023)

After the fracture of certain bones, like the hip, thigh, or the long bones in the arms or legs, people have a high risk of getting blood clots. Blood clots form in the veins of the arms and legs and can be fatal if they travel to the lungs. A blood thinner called low molecular weight heparin, or LMWH, can help prevent clots. LMWH is injected under the skin. Aspirin is another medicine that can prevent clots; it is taken by mouth and is an inexpensive medicine.
Application of FirstEF to Find Promoters and First Exons in the Human Genome (2003)

Predicting first exons and promoters is an important part of gene finding in DNA sequence analysis. This unit presents FirstEF as a method for predicting the first exons and promoters. A combines FirstEF predictions with other information such as cDNA/EST matches.
Récepteurs de type Toll : implication en pathologie humaine (2001)

Toll est un gene essentiel pour l’ontogenese et la resistance anti-microbienne de la drosophile. Plusieurs analogues de Toll nommes « Recepteurs de type Toll » (TLR), ont ete identifies et clones chez les vertebres. A ce jour, neuf TLR ont ete decrits chez l’homme et certains d’entre eux sont impliques dans la reconnaissance des principaux composants microbiens qui activent le systeme immunitaire inne. Structurellement, les TLR sont caracterises par la presence d’un domaine intracytoplasmique similaire au recepteur pour l’IL1 (TIR domaine) et par un domaine extracellulaire comportant des motifs riches en leucine. Des etudes de transfert de gene ont montre l’implication de membres de la famille des TLR dans la reconnaissance et la signalisation des bacteries a gram-positif (TLR2) et negatif (TLR4). TLR2 participe egalement au complexe de signalisation qui reconnait les composants des levures et des mycobacteries. Puisque les TLR sont des elements essentiels de la reponse immunitaire innee, ils pourraient avoir un role dans la physiopathologie des maladies au cours desquelles le systeme immunitaire inne est mis en jeu : sepsis, cardiopathies, maladies auto-immunes. Cette revue decrit brievement la structure, la distribution d’expression et les voies de signalisation des TLR ainsi que leurs implications potentielles en pathologie humaine.
Influence of process variables on electron beam chemical vapor deposition of platinum (2005)

Electron beam chemical vapor deposition was performed in a modified environmental scanning electron microscope to deposit platinum structures. Process variables including voltage, beam current, deposition time, dwell time, and line time were studied in statistically designed and analyzed experiments on fiber (pillar-like structures) and line (wall-like structures) deposition. Deposition rates and geometric features such as aspect ratio were optimized. Results from the experimentation showed the importance of the beam current, voltage, and adsorbate replenishment to the deposition process. Growth rates up to 0.9μm∕min were obtained for short deposition times.
Hotel Scribe: Generating High Variation Hotel Descriptions (2019)

This paper describes the implementation of the Hotel Scribe system. A commercial Natural Language Generation (NLG) system which generates descriptions of hotels from accommodation metadata with a high level of content and linguistic variation in English. It has been deployed live by trivago for the purpose of improving coverage of accommodation descriptions and for Search Engine Optimisation (SEO). In this paper, we describe the motivation for building this system, the challenges faced when dealing with limited metadata, and the implementation used to generate the highly variate accommodation descriptions. Additionally, we evaluate the uniqueness of the texts generated by our system against comparable human written accommodation description texts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amphiphilic Chitopentaose and Chitoheptaose Derivatives Using a Common Disaccharidic Synthon as the Chain Elongation Unit. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
To See or Not to See: The Role of Visibility and Awareness in Videoconference-Mediated Teamwork (2000)

In order to better understand how computer mediated interactions impact the Architects, Engineers and Construction Manager's (A/E/C) collaboration in the development of building's projects, we analyzed the protocols of interaction produced by graduate students of those three professional fields, enrolled in the course "Computer Integrated Architecture, Engineering and Construction (A/E/C)", organized by Stanford University. This paper presents preliminary results of an ethnographic study that focuses on the definition of communication protocols and the role of visibility and awareness in videoconference-mediated teamwork, particularly in the use of computers as a communication tool for developing building projects.
Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinomas Resected With Exposure of the Tumor Surface (2007)

Limited resection with no margin seems to be the best procedure for patients with tumors close to the major hepatic vessels and with hepatic functions that do not permit wide-margin resections.
Calculated deposition of inhaled particles in the airway generations of normal subjects (1979)

Detailed regional deposition of inhaled particles in the human lung is calculated for individual airway generations. The calculations are based on Landahl's deposition model as applied to the morphometric lung model of Weibel. We consider primarily deposition patterns of iron oxide particles with diameters ranging between 1 and 10 micrometers, but we also calculate patterns of deposition for bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate particles with diameters as small as 0.2 micrometers. We obtain good agreement between predicted values and observed values for alveolar retention of inhaled iron oxide particles with 64 and 20% of total deposition predicted to occur in nonciliated airways for 2- and 5-micrometer particles, respectively. This is compared with 48 +/- 9 and 27 +/- 10% for the measured values. Calculated values for total lung deposition of small bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate particles agree well with experimental data. The calculations show a minimum in deposition occurring for particle diameters of 0.5 micrometers, which is in agreement with observations. A calculation of surface concentration of deposited 7.9-micrometer aerodynamic particles reveals a very large concentration occurring at airway generation four. This observation is considered in light of observations that bronchial carcinomas occur in this vicinity of the lung.
Klinische und gesundheitsökonomische Auswirkungen einer frühen Irbesartan-Therapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes, Hypertonie und Nierenerkrankung (2006)

Early irbesartan treatment was projected to improve LE and QALY, and reduce the onset of ESRD, with cost savings, in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria in Germany. Later use of irbesartan in overt nephropathy is also superior to standard care. These findings suggest that irbesartan should be started earlier and continued long-term.
Wave equation-based imaging of mode converted waves in ultrasonic NDI, with suppressed leakage from nonmode converted waves (2008)

The value of imaging techniques in ultrasonic nondestructive inspection (NDI) to find and characterize defects in steel components has already been demonstrated. The imaging techniques based on the integral representation of the wave equation, the Rayleigh integrals for wave field extrapolation, are becoming feasible and attractive due to advances in array technology and due to faster computers. Known implementations are the total focusing method (TFM), the synthetic aperture focusing method (SAFT), and the inverse wave field extrapolation method (IWEX). In principle, these techniques compensate propagation effects from sources to a scatterer such as a defect and propagation effects from the scatterer to receivers. Currently, this approach is applied to wave fronts of single modes (pure longitudinal or pure transversal). In practice, multiple wave fronts from the scatterer will be received as a result of mode conversion. These arrivals will not have the same arrival time because of the difference in sound velocity between longitudinal and transversal waves. Images of mode converted waves are obtained by choosing the appropriate sound velocity that corresponds with the mode-converted scattered wave in the imaging process. Therefore, the nonmode converted waves will image as leakage artifacts in the mode-converted images, and vice versa. This may lead to false interpretations. In this paper, such artifacts will be identified and explained with the help of an analytical example. Measurements from steel test pieces with a 4 MHz linear array transducer with 64 elements will be used to demonstrate the artifacts. Furthermore, a procedure to predict the artifacts and the subsequent suppression from the input measurements will be presented and demonstrated.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of mammalian RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain. (1993)

The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II is composed of tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. Phosphorylation of the CTD occurs during formation of the initiation complex and is correlated with the transition from complex assembly to elongation. Previously, serine and threonine residues within the CTD have been shown to be modified by the addition of phosphate and by the addition of O-linked GlcNAc. Our results establish that the CTD is also modified in vivo by phosphorylation on tyrosine. Furthermore, a nuclear tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-abl protooncogene phosphorylates the CTD to a high stoichiometry in vitro. Under conditions of maximum phosphorylation, approximately 30 mol of phosphate are incorporated per mol of CTD. The observation that the CTD is not phosphorylated by c-Src tyrosine kinase under identical conditions indicates that the CTD is not a substrate of all tyrosine kinases. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the CTD may modulate the interaction of RNA polymerase II with the preinitiation complex and, hence, may be important in regulating gene expression.
A tolerogenic role for Toll-like receptor 9 is revealed by B-cell interaction with DNA complexes expressed on apoptotic cells (2011)

Intracellular protein complexes containing nucleic acids are common targets of autoantibodies in many autoimmune diseases. Central tolerance to these antigens is incomplete, yet nucleosomal DNA is expressed on the surface of cells dying by apoptosis. It is commonly believed that autoimmunity is prevented by the rapid uptake of apoptotic cells (ACs) by neighbors or professional phagocytes to which they deliver anti-inflammatory signals. Self-reactive, innate-like B cells contact and are selected by intracellular antigens expressed on ACs; however, how self-tolerance is maintained is not well understood. Here we report that IL-10 production by B cells, stimulated by contact with ACs, results from the engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) within the B cell after recognition of DNA-containing complexes on the surface of ACs. Until now, TLR9 ligation has been considered an inflammatory signal, but we have confirmed a hitherto unexpected immunoregulatory role by demonstrating the absence of the protective effect of ACs during experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in TLR9-deficient mice. Human circulating CD27(+) B cells also respond to DNA-bearing ACs, but not to DNase-treated cells, by secreting IL-10. Chronic autoimmune disease may arise if this tolerance mechanism is not reimposed after episodes of inflammation, or if the regulatory B-cell response is subverted.
Biosynthesis of the 24-methylcholesterols dihydrobrassicasterol and campesterol in cultured cells of Amsonia elliptica: incorporation of [1,2-13C2]acetate and [2-13C,2H3]acetate (1992)

Feeding experiments with [1,2-13C2]acetate and [2-13C,2H3]acetate in suspension cultures of A. elliptica demonstrate that campesterol has C-26 (the pro-R methyl group at C-25) and C-27 (the pro-S methyl group at C-25) arising from C-6 and C-2 of mevalonate (MVA), respectively. In contrast, dihydrobrassicasterol has C-26 and C-27 derived from C-2 and C-6 of MVA, respectively. In both 24-methylcholesterols, the methyl group derived fron C-2 and C-6 of MVA retained two and three deuterium atoms, respectively. Furthermore, no signal due to a deuterium atom at C-24 or C-25 originating from [2-13C,2H3]acetate was found for campesterol and dihydrobrassicasterol. These data suggest that both campesterol and dihydrobrassicasterol are biosynthesized by regio-facial specific reduction of the 24(25)-double bond of the 24-methyl-24(25)-ene side-chain which is formed by double-bond isomerization of Δ24(28)-sterol.
In vitro activation of mouse lymphocytes in serum‐free medium: effect of T and B cell mitogens on proliferation and antibody synthesis (1973)

Abstract Mouse spleen cells were successfully activated by mitogens in serum‐free medium. The T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), was found to activate DNA synthesis in the presence or absence of serum to the same extent, although the dose response curve was shifted. Thus, concentrations ten times lower were optimally stimulating in serum‐free medium. The strain differences existing with regard to Con A activation were the same whether serum was present or not. B cell mitogens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin, were equally active in the presence or absence of serum with regard to dose response curves and kinetics for the induction of DNA synthesis. When added to normal spleen cells in culture in the absence of serum, Con A also activated antibody synthesis against a variety of antigens and haptens. It had no such effect on spleen cells from nude animals, indicating that it exerted its B cell‐activating effect via T cells. It was also effective when DNA synthesis in the lymphocytes had been suppressed with mitomycin. LPS and PPD activated antibody synthesis to haptens in normal and nude spleen cells, the response in nude animals being markedly stronger. Since there is virtually no background antibody synthesis in unstimulated cultures in the absence of serum, but a substantial background in serum, it follows that the factor of activation caused by T and B cell mitogens is more pronounced in the absence of serum.
Selective Azide Oxidation of 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene and Related Ethylenebis(phosphines) to Asymmetric Multifunctional Phosphorus Ligands and Formation of Rhodium(I) Complexes of These Ligands. Structural Characterization of the Prototypical Ligand 1-(((Trimethylsilyl)imino)diphenylphosphorano)-2-(diphenylphosphino)benzene and Its Rhodium(I) Complex:  1-Ph2PN(SiMe3)C6H4-2-(Ph2P)Rh(CO)Cl (1996)

Selective azide mono-oxidation of o-bis(phosphines) such as o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene and other bis(phosphines) with cis-substituents on a rigid backbone such as an ethylene structure occurs as the result of the steric control exerted during the azide oxidation (Staudinger) reaction process. The azides used were the trimethylsilyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, benzyl, and diphenoxyphosphonyl azides. The prototypical ligand 1-Ph(2)P=N(SiMe(3))-2-(Ph(2)P)C(6)H(4), 2, has been structurally characterized. Crystal data for 2: crystal dimensions, 0.38 x 0.38 x 0.57 mm; space group, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, (No. 14); a = 11.093(5) Å, b = 14.898(5) Å, c = 18.811(2) Å, beta = 102.76(2) degrees, V = 3031 Å(3), Z = 4. Final R, R(w) and GOF values were 0.068, 0.074, and 1.92 respectively. The P=N-SiMe(3) angle was wide, 152.7(3) degrees, and the P=N bond length short (1.529(5) Å) relative to arylated iminophosphoranes but in keeping with the trends for silylated analogs. The iminophosphorane center can be selectively transformed with other agents in a Wittig type reaction converting the azides to the monooxide, monosulfide, etc. The iminophosphoranophosphines are also good complexing agents and the Rh(I) complex derived from 2, 1-Ph(2)P=N(SiMe(3))-C(6)H(4)-2-(Ph(2)P)Rh(CO)Cl, 15 was structurally characterized. Crystal data for 15: crystal dimensions, 0.32 x 0.44 x 0.66 mm; space group, monoclinic, P2(1)/c (No. 14); a = 13.793(3) Å, b = 12.622(11) Å, c = 20.436(6) Å, beta = 105.93(2) degrees, V = 3421.2 Å(3), Z = 4. Final R, R(w), and GOF values were 0.064, 0.061, and 1.45 respectively. The complex shows typical square planar geometry about Rh, a cis phosphine-CO relationship, and no exceptional steric crowding of the coordination site.
Clinical outcomes of patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma less than 5 cm treated with transarterial chemoembolization (2018)

TACE can be a valid treatment in patients with a single HCC ≤ 5 cm not suitable for curative treatment, especially in patients with Child class A and CR after TACE.
Fully Integrated Solar Panel Slot Antennas for Small Satellites (2010)

This paper presents two prototypes of integrated solar panel antennas that can potentially replace the current deployed wire type antennas used in small satellites. The antenna design is based on cavity backed slot antennas that do not require additional satellite surface area to mount the antenna or any cost for deployment. Because the antenna design is independent from solar cells, one can choose any after-market solar cells without custom fabrication. The first prototype is a circularly polarized slot antenna that is integrated on top of a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB is a common solar panel material in small satellite industry, and the solar cells are then inter-connected on the top most layer of the PCB. The second prototype is a linearly polarized two- element array. Both the antenna and solar cell functionalities were rigorously tested and we achieved outstanding performance from both antennas and solar cells.
Z apatismo (2009)

Zapatismo represents an important break with the tradition of revolutionary thought. When the Zapatistas rose up in Chiapas in the southeast of Mexico on January 1, 1994, they took the world by surprise. This was not just because they revolted when the age of rebellion seemed to have passed, but because they spoke a new language and expressed new ideas that broke sharply with the received language and ideas of the revolutionary tradition.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE VERBINDUNGEN, SPIROAETHER VON STEROIDEN (1971)

Abstract 3‐Methoxy‐19‐nor‐17α‐pregna‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17,21‐diol (II) wird durch Hydroborierung mittels Diisoamylboran aus dem Steroid (I) hergestellt und nach Überführen in das Tosylat (III) mit Natriumhydrid zu dem Oxetan (IV) umgesetzt.