gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible Error in Reflection Pulse Oximeter Readings as a Result of Applied Pressure (2019)

Pulse oximetry is one of the most widely used techniques in modern medicine. In pulse oximetry, photoplethysmography (PPG) signals are measured at two different wavelengths and converted into the parameter Gamma, which is used to calculate the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Although most pulse oximetry sensors are based on transmission geometry, the reflection mode is required for different form factors such as the forehead or wrists. In reflection oximetry, local pressure is applied to the measurement surface. We investigated the relationship between applied pressure and Gamma and found that for the reflection mode, Gamma tends to increase with increasing applied pressure. To explain this, we described the PPG signal in terms of two alternative models: a volumetric model and a Scattering-Driven Model (SDM). We assumed that the application of external pressure results in a decrease in local blood flow. We showed that only SDM correctly qualitatively describes Gamma as a function of the decrease in blood flow. We concluded that both described models coexist and that the relative influence of each depends on the measurement geometry and blood perfusion in the skin.
TV anytime: STORit on myTV (2002)

This paper discusses provider-guided storage of content local storage device to implement TV anytime features. The work is being carried out in two projects: STORit and myTV. Both projects are funded by the European Commission.
Enzymic determination of carbon-14-labeled L-alanine in biological samples (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic determination of carbon-14-labeled L-alanine in biological samplesFrancisca. Serra, Andreu. Palou, and Antoni. PonsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 14, 1841–1843Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00141a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00141a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D in vivo imaging with extended‐focus optical coherence microscopy (2017)

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) has unique advantages of non-invasive 3D imaging without the need of exogenous labels for studying biological samples. However, the imaging depth of this technique is limited by the tradeoff between the depth of focus (DOF) and high lateral resolution in Gaussian optics. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an extended-focus OCM (xf-OCM) imaging system using quasi-Bessel beam illumination to extend the DOF to ∼100 μm, about 3-fold greater than standard OCM. High lateral resolution of 1.6 μm ensured detailed identification of structures within live animal samples. The insensitivity to spherical aberrations strengthened the capability of our xf-OCM system in 3D biological imaging.
The Art and Science of Switching of Antipsychotic Medications, Part 1 (2006)

In the presentation "Switching and Metabolic Syndrome," Weiden summarizes reasons to switch antipsychotics, highlighting weight gain and other metabolic adverse events as recent treatment targets. In "Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP)," Miller reviews the TMAP study design, discusses results related to the algorithm versus treatment as usual, and concludes with the implications of the study. Lambert's presentation, "Dosing and Titration Strategies to Optimize Patient Outcome When Switching Antipsychotic Therapy," reviews the decision-making process when switching patients' medication, addresses dosing and titration strategies to effectively transition between medications, and examines other factors to consider when switching pharmacotherapy.
A Fast and Stable Feature-Aware Motion Blur Filter (2014)

High-quality motion blur is an increasingly important effect in interactive graphics however, even in the context of offline rendering, it is often approximated as a post process. Recent motion blur post-processes (e.g., [MHBO12, Sou13]) generate plausible results with interactive performance, however distracting artifacts still remain in the presence of e.g. overlapping motion or large- and fine-scale motion features.We address these artifacts with a more robust sampling and filtering scheme with only a small additional runtime cost. We render plausible, temporallycoherent motion blur on several complex animation sequences, all in under 2ms at a resolution 1280 x 720. Moreover, our filter is designed to integrate seamlessly with post-process anti-aliasing and depth of field.
Etudes sur la préparation et la modification de membranes hydrophobes (1996)

Trois procedes de preparation de membranes polymeres sont etudies: * un procede par moulage, extraction du diluant et etirement d'un melange polymere (pehd) - charge minerale (sio#2) - diluant organique. L'influence de plusieurs parametres de mise en uvre, ainsi que des caracteristiques du polymere utilise sur la permeabilite, est demontree. * un procede par extrusion d'un melange de pvdf avec des copolymeres poly(vinyl alcool-co-vinylacetate) a faibles taux d'acetate. Les melanges sont caracterises par dsc, ir et microscopie electronique. Le comportement rheologique des melanges est determine. Le role de l'eau contenue dans les copolymeres sur leur viscosite est mis en evidence. * un procede par modification de membrane existante. Une membrane de pvdf est soumise a une irradiation par faisceau d'electrons, puis greffee avec un monomere hydrophile et amphotere. Les membranes obtenues sont caracterisees par gravimetrie, ir, atg et mesure de l'angle de contact. La permeabilite des membranes greffees est mesuree en fonction du ph, de la concentration en ions metalliques et de la presence de solvants (ethanol, methanol)
Pollen morphology and associated fungal spores at local members of Cruciferae With 3 Figures and 4 Tables (1993)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Intermediate band solar cells using in-plane ultrahigh-density InAs/GaAsSb quantum-dot sheets (2012)

In-plane ultrahigh-density InAs QDs with 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> were successfully grown on the GaAsSb/GaAs(001). The QD sheets with type-1 and type-2 band structures were inserted into the pn-GaAs solar cells. In spite of only one QD sheet, the additional quantum efficiency was clearly observed at a long wavelength region of 900~1200 nm. The additional quantum efficiency for the type-2 QD cell was obtained at a wide wavelength region (1400 nm) and was higher than that for the type-1 QD cell. However, the open circuit voltage for the type-2 QD cell decreased as compared with that for type-1 QD cell. In addition, a separation distance from the p-layer to the type-1 QD sheet influenced on the cell performance.
ACTIVATION OF EGF RECEPTORS MEDIATES PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION INDUCED BY RESIDUAL OIL FLY ASH (2002)

Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a constituent of pollutant particles that can produce lung injury and activate protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascade. In this study, we determined whether or not protein tyrosine phosphorylation caused lung injury, and if so, identified critical tyrosinephosphorylated proteins that mediated the injury. ROFA was instilled intratracheally into perfused rabbit lungs and injury responses, including increase in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), lung weight gain, as well as release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and nitrite/nitrate were measured. ROFA increased Ppa and IL-1beta, but inhibited nitrite/nitrate accumulation. Vanadyl sulfate at concentration equivalent to the amount of vanadium detected in the perfusate of ROFA-treated lungs induced similar changes. ROFA enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of lung proteins, including a 170-kDa protein, likely the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as shown by immunoprecipitation. Pretreatment with genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked the increase in Ppa and tyrosine phosphorylation of the 170-kDa protein. Intravascular administration of human EGF increased Ppa, and pretreatment with PD153035, an EGF receptor-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, attenuated ROFA-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. These results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors in the lung, possibly as a result of inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, mediates constriction of pulmonary vessels induced by ROFA.
Synthesis, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, acute toxicity and molecular docking studies of thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives (2021)

In the present study, a series of thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives (<b>3a-3e</b>) and (<b>4a-4e</b>) were synthesized and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. All compounds were screened for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. <i>In vitro</i> biological investigations revealed that most of compounds were active against α-glucosidase with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the range of 43.85 ± 1.06 to 380.10 ± 1.02 µM, and α-amylase with IC<sub>50</sub> in the range of 18.19 ± 0.11 to 208.10 ± 1.80 µM. Some of the tested compounds were found to be more potent inhibitors than the clinical drug Acarbose (IC<sub>50glucosidase</sub> = 97.12 ± 0.35 µM and IC<sub>50amylase</sub> = 2.97 ± 0.004 μM). The lead compounds were evaluated for their acute toxicity on Swiss mice and found to be completely non-toxic with LD > 2000 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, the Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the binding interactions of all compounds with the active site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were confirmed through molecular docking and stabilizing energy calculations. This study has identified the inhibitory potential a new class of synthesized thiazolidine-2,4-diones in controlling both hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the theoretical binding mode of the target molecules was evaluated by molecular docking studies against the 3D Crystal Structure of human pancreatic α-amylase (PDB ID: 1B2Y) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37)Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Improved recovery of insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) from bovine colostrum using alkaline diafiltration (2000)

Studies to develop a rapid, bioprocess-compatible method to recover low-molecular-mass growth factors from bovine colostrum are reported. Defatted bovine colostrum was subjected to tangential-flow filtration (TFF) using two different filters [polyether sulphone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (RC)] at pH 5.8, pH 8.0 and pH 8.0+0. 01 M NaCl. Single-pass TFF at pH 5.8 using a 100 kDa RC filter resulted in the loss of approx. 90% of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to non-specific filter adsorption. Comparison of 30 kDa RC and PES filters under single-pass conditions showed that yields of IGF-1 and IGF-II were highest with RC filters. Yields of IGF-I and protein from both filter types were increased at pH 8.0 and were greatest for the 30 kDa RC filter. Effects of adding large diluent volumes continuously during TFF (diafiltration) were tested at pH 5. 0 and 8.0. The use of 10 diafiltrate vols. at pH 8.0 resulted in the recovery of 15-28% of colostral IGF-1 from the RC 30 kDa permeates, 2-4-fold greater than under acidic conditions. Yields of IGF-II (39.6%) were unaffected by pH and at least 97% of total protein was retained by the 30 kDa filter at pH 8.0. Denaturing SDS/PAGE analysis of the alkaline RC 30 kDa permeates demonstrated two major regions of stained proteins at 10-13 kDa and 17-19 kDa. Acidic TFF permeates contained additional stained proteins at approximately 90, 48 and 37 kDa. Isoelectric focusing of these samples demonstrated the presence of proteins with isoelectric points of 8.2 and 8.6. The current study demonstrates a one-step bioprocess-compatible technique for the recovery of low-molecular-mass polypeptides from bovine colostrum. By using alkaline diafiltration with RC filters TFF provided optimal recovery of IGF-1 from colostrum.
Variation and inheritance of the Xanthomonas gene cluster required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity (2017)

Summary The rice XA21-mediated immune response is activated upon recognition of the RaxX peptide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ). The 60 residue RaxX precursor is posttranslationally modified to form a sulfated tyrosine peptide that shares sequence and functional similarity with the plant sulfated tyrosine (PSY) peptide hormones. The five kb raxX-raxSTAB gene cluster of Xoo encodes RaxX, the RaxST tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase, and the RaxA and RaxB components of a predicted type one secretion system. The identified the complete raxX-raxSTAB gene cluster is present only in Xanthomonas spp., in five distinct lineages in addition to X. oryzae . The phylogenetic distribution of the raxX-raxSTAB gene cluster is consistent with the occurrence of multiple lateral transfer events during Xanthomonas speciation. RaxX variants representing each of the five lineages, and three Xoo RaxX variants, fail to activate the XA21-mediated immune response yet retain peptide hormone activity. These RaxX variants contain a restricted set of missense mutations, consistent with the hypothesis that selection acts to maintain peptide hormone-like function. These observations are also consistent with the hypothesis that the XA21 receptor evolved specifically to recognize Xoo RaxX.
FRAug: Tackling Federated Learning with Non-IID Features via Representation Augmentation (2022)

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized learning paradigm, in which multiple clients collaboratively train deep learning models without centralizing their local data, and hence preserve data privacy. Real-world applications usually involve a distribution shift across the datasets of the different clients, which hurts the generalization ability of the clients to unseen samples from their respective data distributions. In this work, we address the recently proposed feature shift problem where the clients have different feature distributions, while the label distribution is the same. We propose Federated Representation Augmentation (FRAug) to tackle this practical and challenging problem. Our approach generates synthetic client-specific samples in the embedding space to augment the usually small client datasets. For that, we train a shared generative model to fuse the clients knowledge learned from their different feature distributions. This generator synthesizes client-agnostic embeddings, which are then locally transformed into client-specific embeddings by Representation Transformation Networks (RTNets). By transferring knowledge across the clients, the generated embeddings act as a regularizer for the client models and reduce overfitting to the local original datasets, hence improving generalization. Our empirical evaluation on public benchmarks and a real-world medical dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method, which substantially outperforms the current state-of-the-art FL methods for non-IID features, including PartialFed and FedBN.
Direct Organocatalytic α-Sulfenylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (2010)

The direct pyrrolidine-catalyzed α-sulfenylation of aldehydes and ketones with the commercially available, very cheap chemical tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram) is described. The dithiocarbamoyl derivatives are obtained in good to excellent yields (47-98%). In the case of α-substituted aldehydes the protocol allows the generation of quaternary stereocenters. The sensibility of the α-sulfenylated carbonyl compounds for racemization has been investigated.
Flow cytometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow cytometryAlice Gilman-SachsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 13, 700A–707APublication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00085a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00085a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intelligent control for paper machine moisture control (2002)

The control of machine direction moisture content is developed and implemented using a fuzzy supervisory technique. A process model is developed between the steam section pressure and the moisture content measurement, which includes nonlinear effects as a function of the paper machine operating point. A comparison is made between the fuzzy supervised internal model control technique and the conventional internal model control structure. The fuzzy supervisor is implemented on an actual paper machine to show the improved controller performance as the machine operating point is varied.
The problems of ‘nation‐building’: imposing bureaucratic ‘rule from above’ (2004)

With the problems of stabilising Iraq continuing under the 'fully sovereign' Iraqi interim government, which formally replaced the United‐States‐led transitional administrative authority on 28 June 2004, many critics have argued that the United Nations (UN) should play a much larger role in the transition process. This article suggests that while imposing an alternative set of external administrative 'advisers' might be popular with European powers, it is unlikely that greater UN involvement would make much difference to the people of Iraq. Using the example of the international protectorate of Bosnia, which is also a 'fully sovereign' state, where the UN plays a fully engaged role, it is clear that external enforcement can provide little legitimacy for Iraqi institutions. This article challenges the idea that the 'rule of law' can be imposed from outside by focusing on two areas of legal activism in Bosnia: constitutional change and property return. It suggests that the 'rule of law' approach sees legal or administrative solutions as a short cut to addressing political problems, fetishising the legal framework at the same time as marginalising the political sphere. Rather than more coercive external involvement in the form of pressures for more legislation and better law enforcement, the experience of Bosnia highlights the need for greater levels of political legitimacy, a need that runs counter to the logic of the 'rule of law' approach.
Symmetry of Gait in Underweight, Normal and Overweight Children and Adolescents (2019)

Abnormal excess or lack of body mass can influence gait patterns, but in some cases such differences are subtle and not easy to detect, even with quantitative techniques for movement analysis. In these situations, the study of trunk accelerations may represent an effective way to detecting gait anomalies in terms of symmetry through the calculation of Harmonic Ratio (HR), a parameter obtained by processing trunk accelerations in the frequency domain. In the present study we used this technique to assess the existence of differences in HR during gait in a cohort of 75 healthy children and early adolescents (aged 7-14 years) stratified into 3 equally-sized age and gender-matched groups (Underweight: UW; Normal Weight: NW; Overweight: OW). The accelerometric signal, acquired using a single wearable inertial sensor, was processed to calculate stride length, speed, cadence and HR in antero-posterior, vertical and medio-lateral directions. No differences in spatio-temporal parameters were found among groups, while the HR in the medio-lateral direction was found significantly lower in UW children, while OW exhibited the highest values. On the basis of the results obtained, HR appears capable of discriminating gait symmetry in children with different body mass even when conventional gait parameters are unchanged.
Neuropharmacology of human appetite expression (2008)

The regulation of appetite relies on the integration of numerous episodic (meal) and tonic (energy storage) generated signals in energy regulatory centres within the central nervous system (CNS). These centers provide the pharmacological potential to modify human appetite (hunger and satiety) to increase or decrease caloric intake, or to normalize aberrant eating behavior. With regard to obesity, the satiety enhancing anti-obesity drug sibutramine has proved effective at reducing body weight. Additionally, the endocannabinoid CB(1) antagonist rimonabant has recently been approved for use in Europe (but not in the US). A 5-HT(2C) agonist lorcaserin is also currently undergoing large-scale clinical trials, but the effect of the drug on human appetite is unknown as yet. Appetite enhancing drugs such as magestrol acetate and dronabiol are currently used to promote weight gain. Finally, sibutramine, selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine and some anti-epileptic drugs have all been used to normalise aberrant eating behaviour. All these drugs act by modifying the expression of human appetite. An assessment of a drug's effects on caloric intake and feelings of hunger and satiety is necessary before they can be considered for clinical use.
Laser Desktop Machining (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are High‐Power Diode Lasers Examples of Direct Diode Material Processing Solid Free Form From GAS Phase (Chemical Vapor Deposition) Acknowledgments