gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychological resources and mental health among the difficult-to-employ: Can a pre-employment training program make a difference? (2006)

Psychological distress and resources were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of low-education, unemployed, and difficult-to-employ persons who participated in a three-week pre-employment training program (STRIVE). Compared to the general population, applicants to the program exhibited significantly higher levels of psychological distress. Men showed significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety, less self-esteem, and more dysfunctional attributions than women. Caucasian applicants showed higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem. The gender differences in depression and powerful other attributions were moderated by ethnicity. Graduates of the program showed the strongest improvements with respect to self-esteem (d=0.65) and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy increased more for Latino (d=0.79) and African-American (d=0.52) than Caucasian participants (d=0.34). Graduates showed significantly higher levels of internal attributions (d=0.42), lower levels of chance attributions (d=−0.16), and less depression (d=−0.38) than when they applied to the program. A subsample of graduates completed follow-ups between 2–8 months after graduation, showing persistent though smaller improvements compared to baseline. These findings suggest that pre-employment training programs can play a potentially important role in reducing psychological distress and strengthening psychological resources in difficult-to-employ and ethnically diverse populations trying to reenter the labor market. Limitations of this study and future direction for applied psychological research in the large and growing population of hard-to-employ persons are discussed.
Bioactive Natural Products Prioritization Using Massive Multi-informational Molecular Networks (2017)

Natural products represent an inexhaustible source of novel therapeutic agents. Their complex and constrained three-dimensional structures endow these molecules with exceptional biological properties, thereby giving them a major role in drug discovery programs. However, the search for new bioactive metabolites is hampered by the chemical complexity of the biological matrices in which they are found. The purification of single constituents from such matrices requires such a significant amount of work that it should be ideally performed only on molecules of high potential value (i.e., chemical novelty and biological activity). Recent bioinformatics approaches based on mass spectrometry metabolite profiling methods are beginning to address the complex task of compound identification within complex mixtures. However, in parallel to these developments, methods providing information on the bioactivity potential of natural products prior to their isolation are still lacking and are of key interest to target the isolation of valuable natural products only. In the present investigation, we propose an integrated analysis strategy for bioactive natural products prioritization. Our approach uses massive molecular networks embedding various informational layers (bioactivity and taxonomical data) to highlight potentially bioactive scaffolds within the chemical diversity of crude extracts collections. We exemplify this workflow by targeting the isolation of predicted active and nonactive metabolites from two botanical sources (Bocquillonia nervosa and Neoguillauminia cleopatra) against two biological targets (Wnt signaling pathway and chikungunya virus replication). Eventually, the detection and isolation processes of a daphnane diterpene orthoester and four 12-deoxyphorbols inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway and exhibiting potent antiviral activities against the CHIKV virus are detailed. Combined with efficient metabolite annotation tools, this bioactive natural products prioritization pipeline proves to be efficient. Implementation of this approach in drug discovery programs based on natural extract screening should speed up and rationalize the isolation of bioactive natural products.
A theoretical comparison of the reactors for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (1987)

A reactor's design is of great importance in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Three types of reactors or variations of these are usually in use: a batchstirred which is the most often employed, a continuous-stirred tank reactor with an ultrafiltration and a continuous plug-flow column reactor.8-"
Neural networks in microwave circuit design—beyond black‐box models (invited article) (1999)

Neural networks were developed into a computer-aided approach designing microwave circuits. Researchers replaced device models with faster neural network models in microwave design, however, other ingredients of the design process remain unchanged. Our research explored two neural network applications that extended the role of neural networks beyond being black-box models. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 9: 187–197, 1999.
Electrical impedance myography: Background, current state, and future directions (2009)

Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a non-invasive technique for the evaluation of neuromuscular disease that relies upon the application and measurement of high-frequency, low-intensity electrical current. EIM assesses disease-induced changes to the normal composition and architecture of muscle, including myocyte atrophy and loss, edema, reinnervation, and deposition of endomysial connective tissue and fat. With application of single-frequency electrical current, EIM can be used to help grade the severity of neuromuscular disease. Assessing electrical impedance across a spectrum of applied frequencies and with current flow at multiple orientations relative to major muscle fiber direction can provide a more complete picture of the condition of muscle. EIM holds the promise of serving as an indicator of disease status. It may be useful in clinical trials and in monitoring effectiveness of treatment in individual patients; ultimately, it may also find diagnostic application. Ongoing efforts have been focused on obtaining a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of impedance change, studying EIM in a variety of clinical contexts, and further refining the methods of EIM data acquisition and analysis.
PL‐02‐01: Tau modifications, aggregation and toxicity (2008)

Tau proteins normally interact with microtubules in the nervous system. During the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies, these proteins dissociate from the microtubule and begin to aggregate. The resultant tau filaments are thought by many to be toxic although the nature of this toxicity is, as yet, unknown. The tau molecule aggregates by association with its repeat region; this area of the molecule that normally mediates tau's association with microtubules. We have discovered that the carboxy and amino regions of the molecule constitute control elements in tau aggregation with the carboxy tail region being inhibitory and the amino region being facilitative of the filament assembly process. For the past several years, we have been studying mechanisms by which the cell modulates these regions of the molecule in disease. Using molecular biological, biochemical and immunological procedures, we have discovered that these regions can be nitrated on tyrosines or truncated by enzymes such as caspases. The result of changes such as these are modeled in vitro to assess their affect on tau filament formation and assayed in situ in AD and tauopathies using appropriately targeted monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, we have used different tau isoforms and modified polymers to assess their affect on axonal transport in isolated axoplasm from the squid giant axon. Tau filaments and certain non-canonical isoforms of tau that contain only the amino region of the molecule inhibit anterograde but not retrograde transport through a signal transduction cascade involving specific phosphatases and GSK3β. Taken together, our results indicate that the amino terminal region of tau may be a primary site of toxicity in neurodegenerative disease. Supported by Grants AG14453, AG09466, AG021184, and AG021661.
Central atrial natriuretic peptide in dehydration. (2007)

To test the effect of dehydration on brain atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in areas important to salt appetite, water balance and cardiovascular regulation, we subjected rats to dehydration and rehydration and measured ANP concentration in 18 brain areas, as well as all relevant peripheral parameters. Water deprivation decreased body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, and plasma ANP, while it increased urine and plasma osmolality, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. ANP greatly increased in 17 and 18 brain areas (all cut cerebral cortex) by 24 h. Rehydration for 12 h corrected all changes evoked by dehydration, including elevated ANP levels in brain. We conclude that chronic dehydration results in increased ANP in brain areas important to salt appetite and water balance. These results support a role for ANP as a neuroregulatory substance that participates in salt and water balance.
Hypericum sampsonii induces apoptosis and nuclear export of retinoid X receptor-alpha (2006)

Natural products derived from plants provide a rich source for development of new anticancer drugs. Recent studies suggest that modulation of subcellular localization of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) represents a potential approach for inducing cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, we screened a herbal library for inducing translocation of RXRalpha from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our results revealed that the extract of Hypericum sampsonii, a member of the genus Hypericum, had remarkable effect on RXRalpha subcellular localization in various cancer cells. Treatment of NIH-H460 human lung cancer cells with H. sampsonii extract resulted in relocalization of RXRalpha from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic RXRalpha induced by H. sampsonii was associated with mitochondria, accompanied with cytochrome c release and apoptosis. H. sampsonii extract effectively inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines, including NIH-H460 lung cancer, MGC-803 stomach cancer and SMMC7721 liver cancer cells. The growth inhibitory effect of H. sampsonii extract depended on levels of RXRalpha, as it failed to inhibit the growth of CV-1 cells lacking detectable RXRalpha, whereas transfection of RXRalpha into CV-1 cells restored its apoptotic response to H. sampsonii. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect of H. sampsonii was significantly enhanced when RXRalpha was overexpressed in NIH-H460 cells. Together, our results demonstrate that H. sampsonii contains ingredient(s) that induce apoptosis of cancer cells by modulating subcellular localization of RXRalpha.
Effects of cardiac-restricted overexpression of the A2Aadenosine receptor on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity (2010)

Activation of the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) has been shown to be cardioprotective. We hypothesized that A(2A)R overexpression could protect the heart from adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing the A(2A)R and wild-type mice (WT) were injected with adriamycin (5 mg.kg(-1).wk(-1) ip, 4 wk). All WT mice survived adriamycin treatment while A(2A)R TG mice suffered 100% mortality at 4 wk. Telemetry showed progressive prolongation of the QT interval, bradyarrhythmias, heart block, and sudden death in adriamycin-treated A(2A)R TG but not WT mice. Both WT and A(2A)R TG demonstrated similar decreases in heart function at 3 wk after treatment. Adriamycin significantly increased end-diastolic intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in A(2A)R TG but not in WT myocytes (P < 0.05). Compared with WT myocytes, action potential duration increased dramatically in A(2A)R TG myocytes (P < 0.05) after adriamycin treatment. Expression of connexin 43 was decreased in adriamycin treated A(2A)R TG but not WT mice. In sharp contrast, A(2A)R overexpression induced after the completion of adriamycin treatment resulted in no deaths and enhanced cardiac performance compared with WT adriamycin-treated mice. Our results indicate that the timing of A(2A)R activation is critical in terms of exacerbating or protecting adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data have direct relevance on the clinical use of adenosine agonists or antagonists in the treatment of patients undergoing adriamycin therapy.
Aspect Ratio: A Major Controlling Factor of Radiation Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna (2011)

The effect of aspect ratio (width-to-length ratio) on overall radiation characteristics of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is theoretically investigated with a view to develop a concrete physical insight in to the phenomenon. The detailed variation of co polarized and cross polarized radiation performance as a function of aspect ratio is thoroughly presented. The gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna along with a radical variation of cross polarized field radiation with aspect ratio is obtained. Indeed the conjecture of occurring different fringing fields with different aspect ratio is employed to theoretically estimate the effective size of a rectangular patch, and hence to determine the quantitative change in the gain value. Close agreement amongst the theory and simulations justifies the conjecture indicating a concrete physical insight in to the fact. The aspect ratio for which the cross polarized field radiation is minimum for a particular patch is also presented and justified quantitatively.
Biofilm formation and the food industry, a focus on the bacterial outer surface (2010)

The ability of many bacteria to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilms has major implications in a variety of industries including the food industry, where biofilms create a persistent source of contamination. The formation of a biofilm is determined not only by the nature of the attachment surface, but also by the characteristics of the bacterial cell and by environmental factors. This review focuses on the features of the bacterial cell surface such as flagella, surface appendages and polysaccharides that play a role in this process, in particular for bacteria linked to food-processing environments. In addition, some aspects of the attachment surface, biofilm control and eradication will be highlighted.
Tandem Amine and Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO2to Methanol (2015)

This Communication describes the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol via tandem catalysis with dimethylamine and a homogeneous ruthenium complex. Unlike previous examples with homogeneous catalysts, this CO2-to-CH3OH process proceeds under basic reaction conditions. The dimethylamine is proposed to play a dual role in this system. It reacts directly with CO2 to produce dimethylammonium dimethylcarbamate, and it also intercepts the intermediate formic acid to generate dimethylformamide. With the appropriate selection of catalyst and reaction conditions, >95% conversion of CO2 was achieved to form a mixture of CH3OH and dimethylformamide.
Rectangular computed tomography using a stationary array of CNT emitters: initial experimental results (2013)

XinRay Systems Inc has a rectangular x-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging setup using multibeam x-ray tubes. These multibeam x-ray tubes are based on cold cathodes using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters. Due to their unique design, a CNT x-ray tube can contain a dense array of independently controlled electron emitters which generate a linear array of x-ray focal spots. XinRay uses a set of linear CNT x-ray tubes to design and construct a stationary CT setup which achieves sufficient CT coverage from a fixed set of views. The CT system has no moving gantry, enabling it to be enclosed in a compact rectangular tunnel. The fixed locations of the x-ray focal spots were optimized through simulations. The rectangular shape creates significant variation in path length from the focal spots to the detector for different x-ray views. The shape also results in unequal x-ray coverage in the imaged space. We discuss the impact of this variation on the reconstruction. XinRay uses an iterative reconstruction algorithm to account for this unique geometry, which is implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU). The fixed focal spots prohibit the use of an antiscatter grid. Quantitative measure of the scatter and its impact on the reconstruction will be discussed. These results represent the first known implementation of a completely stationary CT setup using CNT x-ray emitter arrays.
TGFβ1 Prevents the down‐regulation of type I procollagen, fibronectin, and TGFβ1 gene expression associated with 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocyte differentiation (1994)

Pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells, after an appropriate induction stimulus, proceed through a defined change in morphology as differentiation progresses. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is able to block the morphological and biochemical changes which occur with differentiation of these cells if given within 36-40 h of induction [Ignotz and Massague (1985): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8530-8534]. To begin to elucidate the role of the extracellular matrix in adipogenesis, as well as the mechanism whereby TGF beta 1 inhibits differentiation, we examined the expression of two extracellular matrix genes, type I (alpha 1) procollagen and fibronectin, as well as endogenous TGF beta 1. Confluent cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with insulin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethylxanthine in the presence or absence of TGF beta 1. Following 6 days of treatment, the cells in the differentiated group acquired the rounded shape of mature adipocytes; the cytosol of these cells also contained numerous lipid-filled vesicles, as demonstrated by oil red O staining. Cells treated with the differentiation compounds in the presence of TGF beta 1 maintained the fibroblast-like appearance of control cells and did not stain with oil red O. At the level of gene expression, both procollagen and fibronectin mRNAs were down-regulated during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When cells from the control or differentiation groups were treated with TGF beta 1, there was a 2-5-fold induction of procollagen and fibronectin mRNAs throughout the 6-day time course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Understanding the Adsorption and Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: A Molecular Simulation Study (2009)

In this work, atomic partial charges in the framework atoms of two typical zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), ZIF-68 and ZIF-69, were calculated using density functional theory, and a suitable force field for describing CO2 adsorption in ZIFs was identified. On the basis of this, a combined grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was performed to investigate the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of CO2 in ZIFs. The results show that the small pores formed by the nIM linkers in ZIF-68 and ZIF-69 are the preferential adsorption sites for CO2 molecules, with the corners formed by the phenyl rings in the large pores being less preferential adsorption sites. This work demonstrates that the chlorine atoms in cbIM linkers in ZIF-69 lead to enhanced binding energy but reduced diffusivity for CO2, the electrostatic interactions produced by the frameworks are important that cannot be ignored, and, down to 180 K, no steps are found in isotherms. In addition, this work demonstrates that the diffusion of CO2 in ZIFs is likely to be much slower than that in other MOFs.
Information and communication tools as aids to collaborative sensemaking (2008)

Collaborative sensemaking occurs when multiple actors engage in understanding an unfamiliar, information-rich environment. We present preliminary results from a field study of the collaborative activities of healthcare providers in an emergency department. The goal of our study was to explore the nature of collaborative sensemaking and the role various information and communication tools play in the process. We describe how paper, whiteboards, and the computerized provider order entry system support common external representations to enhance collaborative sensemaking; but at the same time gaps in collaborative sensemaking occur, leading to representation shifts.
SCN1B Genetic Variants: A Review of the Spectrum of Clinical Phenotypes and a Report of Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy (2022)

Background: Pathogenic variants in SCN1B, the gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel b1/b1B subunits are associated with a spectrum of epileptic disorders. This study describes a child with early myoclonic encephalopathy and a compound heterozygous variant in the SCN1B gene (p.Arg85Cys and c.3G>C/p.Met1), along with the child’s clinical response to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) and the ketogenic diet. We reviewed the current clinical literature pertinent to SCN1B-related epilepsy. Methods: We described the evaluation and management of a patient with SCN1B-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). We used the Medline and Pubmed databases to review the various neurological manifestations associated with SCN1B genetic variants, and summarize the functional studies performed on SCN1B variants. Results: We identified 20 families and six individuals (including the index case described herein) reported to have SCN1B-related epilepsy. Individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in SCN1B often present with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), while those with biallelic pathogenic variants may present with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Individuals with DEE present with seizures of various semiologies (commonly myoclonic seizures) and status epilepticus at early infancy and are treated with various antiseizure medications. In our index case, adjunctive fenfluramine was started at 8 months of age at 0.2 mg/kg/day with gradual incremental increases to the final dose of 0.7 mg/kg/day over 5 weeks. Fenfluramine was effective in the treatment of seizures, resulting in a 50% reduction in myoclonic seizures, status epilepticus, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, as well as a 70−90% reduction in focal seizures, with no significant adverse effects. Following the initiation of fenfluramine at eight months of age, there was also a 50% reduction in the rate of hospitalizations. Conclusions: SCN1B pathogenic variants cause epilepsy and neurodevelopmental impairment with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. The severity of disease is associated with the zygosity of the pathogenic variants. Biallelic variants in SCN1B can result in early myoclonic encephalopathy, and adjunctive treatment with fenfluramine may be an effective treatment for SCN1B-related DEE. Further research on the efficacy and safety of using newer ASMs, such as fenfluramine in patients under the age of 2 years is needed.
Influences of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Saigon River, Ho Chi Minh City (2022)

Water quality for the surface water along the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City was assessed for four groups of water samples collected at the agricultural, industrial, residential, and less impacted areas. A variety of parameters indicating water quality including physicochemical parameters, nutrients, heavy metals, and antibiotic residues were measured for both the rainy and dry seasons, two main tropical seasons in HCM City using the standard methods. The results showed that the river water in the rainy season was detected with significantly higher values of turbidity, BOD5, PO<sub>4</sub>-P, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, NO<sub>3</sub>-N; and lower values of pH, temperature, conductivity, DO, salinity, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg compared to that in the dry season. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were highly detected in the industrial areas compared to the agricultural and residential areas. Multivariate analyses suggested that the industrial and residential activities were more important contributors to the pollution of the Saigon River than the agricultural activities in HCM City.