gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biobased Vanillic Acid and Ricinoleic Acid: Building Blocks for Fully Renewable Copolyesters (2018)

New fully biobased polyether/esters have been synthesized by a one-pot polymerization reaction of ricinoleic acid (RA), vanillic acid (VA) and ethylene carbonate (EC). In particular, EC selectively reacts with the phenolic group of VA to obtain in-situ 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate (EV), suitable for subsequent copolymerization with RA. The procedure was carried out in a single step, without any solvent. Chemical structure and thermal properties of the new materials were studied in order to explore relationships between composition and final performances. The combination of EV, bearing a rigid aromatic structure, with RA, characterized by high flexibility and potential biocidal activity, allows the production of a novel class of fully biobased aliphatic-aromatic polymers presenting tuneable thermal properties and suitable for a range of applications, for example, in active packaging and biomedical fields.
User Friendly Tab Management in Web Browsers (2019)

Modern web browsers such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox have a number of tabs to open different URLs, which makes it unwieldy and inconvenient for the user to keep track of all open tabs and navigate to the desired tabs. Often, the open tabs can be divided into related groups by identifying the user`s browsing context and intention. In this paper we present methods to identify sub browsing contexts for grouping related tabs. The method for identifying a particular sub browsing context involves tracking the tab navigation sequence of the user, clustering tabs by matching the semantic topics, and loading a new contextual tab by the user using a component called the contextual tab manager. We describe a few alternative ways for implementing the system for the Chrome browser: using the TabStripModel (for desktop), using the Chrome.tabs extension API (for desktop) and modifying the TabManager class to incorporate the context (for mobile browsers). We implement the system on the default browser of a Samsung smartphone using the third method and perform a user study to evaluate the ease of use of the system for a selection of users.
Determination of Aberrant O-Glycosylation in the IgA1 Hinge Region by Electron Capture Dissociation Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2005)

In a number of human diseases of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune character, immunoglobulin molecules display aberrant glycosylation patterns of N- or O-linked glycans. In IgA nephropathy, IgA1 molecules with incompletely galactosylated O-linked glycans in the hinge region (HR) are present in mesangial immunodeposits and in circulating immune complexes. It is not known whether the Gal deficiency in IgA1 proteins occurs randomly or preferentially at specific sites. To develop experimental approaches to address this question, the synthetic IgA1 hinge region and hinge region from a naturally Gal-deficient IgA1 myeloma protein have been analyzed by 9.4 tesla Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry offers two complementary fragmentation techniques for analysis of protein glycosylation by tandem mass spectrometry. Infrared multiphoton dissociation of isolated myeloma IgA1 hinge region peptides confirms the amino acid sequence of the de-glycosylated peptide and positively identifies a series of fragments differing in O-glycosylation. To localize sites of O-glycan attachment, synthetic IgA1 HR glycopeptides and HR from a naturally Gal-deficient polymeric IgA1 myeloma protein were analyzed by electron capture dissociation and activated ion-electron capture dissociation. Multiple sites of O-glycan attachment (including sites of Gal deficiency) in myeloma IgA1 HR glycoforms were identified (in all but one case uniquely). These results represent the first direct identification of multiple sites of O-glycan attachment in IgA1 hinge region by mass spectrometry, thereby enabling future characterization at the molecular level of aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 in diseases such as IgA nephropathy.
Dual Angiotensin Receptor and Neprilysin Inhibition as an Alternative to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Patients with Chronic Systolic Heart Failure: Rationale for and Design of the Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure Trial (PARADIGM-HF) (2013)

NCT01035255.
Robot laser hardening and the problem of overlapping laser beam (2013)

Since 1970, many studies of various laser machining processes and their applications have been published. This paper describes some of our experience in laser surface remelting, consolidating, and hardening of steels. We focus on the problem of robot laser hardening of metals with overlapping of the hardened zone. The process of laser hardening with remelting of the surface layer allows us to very accurately determine the depth of modified layers. In this procedure, we know the exact energy input into the material. Heating above the melting temperature and then rapidly cooling causes microstructural changes in materials, which affect the increase in hardness. We identify the relationship between hardness and width of overlapping. We describe the results of previous work, research, and experience in robot laser hardening of metals. We also show the results of laser processing techniques with the problem of overlapping. Our tests were carried out on materials of DIN standard 1.2379 and 1.7225, and measurements were performed in the hardened zone of overlapping at 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm. We show relationship between hardness and width of overlap for material of DIN standard 1.2379 and 1.7225. The modeling of the relationship was obtained by the 3 layers artificial neural network.
A Practical Approach to Appliance Load Control Analysis: A Water Heater Case Study (1983)

General modeling techniques are presented to provide utility companies with a tool for analyzing the test data collected from their own systems. It is shown that benefits from load management may be assessed in different ways depending upon the goals to be achieved To illustrate the use of the models presented, the results of the North and South Carolina water heater load control experiments are presented.
Metabolite regulation of heat shock protein levels. (1983)

When murine L929 cells are briefly exposed to elevated temperature (43 degrees C) they preferentially synthesize heat shock proteins (HSPs) of Mrs 85,000 and 69,000. By the criteria of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and partial proteolytic peptide mapping, the Mr 85,000 HSP is indistinguishable from the major cytoplasmic protein whose synthesis and intracellular level were shown previously to be suppressed by glucose deprivation. The mechanism regulating the Mr 85,000 HSP levels is quite sensitive, operating in the range of 0-50 microM glucose. In glucose-free medium, synthesis is at first suppressed but returns to a high level after 3 days as levels of the protein decrease. Synthesis and level of the Mr 69,000 HSP also were affected by glucose deprivation, but this protein appeared to be a complex of several isoelectric and Mr species, so the effects were not as dramatic. Chase experiments show that the half-lives of both the Mr 85,000 and Mr 69,000 HSPs are reduced by a factor of 2.0-2.5 after 5 days of glucose deprivation. The half-life of the Mr 69,000 HSP also was reduced by glutamine deprivation, whereas that of the Mr 85,000 HSP was essentially unaffected. This increase in turnover appears to be sufficient to account for the reduced intracellular level, thus suggesting that glucose sustains high HSP levels mainly by decreasing degradation of the proteins. Although the function of the HSPs is not known, these data support the concept that they have important roles in the general cellular economy and do not function merely as "stress" proteins.
Impact of climatic conditions on the thermal effectiveness of an extensive green roof (2013)

The density of urban development has been the source of a number of environmental issues, and in urban areas with large quantities of stereoscopic space, roof greening has become an important strategy for land compensation and environmental quality improvement. In particular, with the intensification of urban heat island and the global warming phenomena, the effective regulation of the microclimate by building a green roof becomes more attractive. Because a green roof is closely related to the climate and the environment, the main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of climatic conditions on the thermal effectiveness of an extensive green roof. The experimental cases of an extensive green roof were individually established in urban areas with both sub-tropical and tropical island climates, and synchronous observations were made. The research results show that it can reduce the increase of outdoor temperature by approximately 42% and the increase of the indoor temperature by 8% during the daytime. During the night, it can maintain 17% of the temperature in the outdoor environment, stabilizing the temperature change. The thermal effectiveness of an extensive green roof is closely related to the climate. The daytime cooling effectiveness was relatively high in the tropical island climate in summer, and the nighttime insulation effectiveness was more pronounced in the sub-tropical climate. Rainfall reduced the thermal effectiveness of an extensive green roof.
Cobalt-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of CO and CN bonds (2013)

An earth-abundant metal cobalt catalyst has been developed for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes, and imines under mild conditions. Experiments are described which provide insights into the mechanism of the transfer hydrogenation reaction.
Experience with buccal phentolamine mesylate for impotence. (1994)

Satisfactory erection with penetration can be obtained in impotent men by the oral or buccal administration of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine. This agent is also used in conjunction with papaverine HCl for intracavernous injection. The previous observation by Gwinup, that 50 mg of phentolamine HCl po, 1.5 hours before coitus resulted in erection in 11/16 patients, is confirmed. This study, using phenoxybenzamine as the placebo, was repeated with success in 36/85 (42.3%) patients. Because of cost and to decrease the waiting time, a buccal form of phentolamine mesylate was administered (20 mg) with erection and penetration in 21/69 (31.8%). There was no correlation between the degree of penile vascular insufficiency or age and the effectiveness of phentolamine. Buccal phentolamine is shown to increase flow velocity in the dorsal penile artery. Phentolamine produces minimal side effects, including hypertension in the subjects.
Operational theory of homodyne detection (1997)

We discuss a balanced homodyne detection scheme with imperfect detectors in the framework of the operational approach to quantum measurement. We show that a realistic homodyne measurement is described by a family of operational observables that depends on the experimental setup, rather than a single field quadrature operator. We find an explicit form of this family, which fully characterizes the experimental device and is independent of a specific state of the measured system. We also derive operational homodyne observables for the setup with a random phase, which has been recently applied in an ultrafast measurement of the photon statistics of a pulsed diode laser. The operational formulation directly gives the relation between the detected noise and the intrinsic quantum fluctuations of the measured field. We demonstrate this with two examples: the operational uncertainty relation for the field quadratures, and the homodyne detection of suppressed fluctuations in photon statistics.
An essential role of the yeast pheromone-induced Ca2+ signal is to activate calcineurin. (1997)

Previous studies showed that, in wild-type (MATa) cells, alpha-factor causes an essential rise in cytosolic Ca2+. We show that calcineurin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is one target of this Ca2+ signal. Calcineurin mutants lose viability when incubated with mating pheromone, and overproduction of constitutively active (Ca(2+)-independent) calcineurin improves the viability of wild-type cells exposed to pheromone in Ca(2+)-deficient medium. Thus, one essential consequence of the pheromone-induced rise in cytosolic Ca2+ is activation of calcineurin. Although calcineurin inhibits intracellular Ca2+ sequestration in yeast cells, neither increased extracellular Ca2+ nor defects in vacuolar Ca2+ transport bypasses the requirement for calcineurin during the pheromone response. These observations suggest that the essential function of calcineurin in the pheromone response may be distinct from its modulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Mutants that do not undergo pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest (fus3, far1) show decreased dependence on calcineurin during treatment with pheromone. Thus, calcineurin is essential in yeast cells during prolonged exposure to pheromone and especially under conditions of pheromone-induced growth arrest. Ultrastructural examination of pheromone-treated cells indicates that vacuolar morphology is abnormal in calcineurin-deficient cells, suggesting that calcineurin may be required for maintenance of proper vacuolar structure or function during the pheromone response.
Utilization of Cavitation for Environmental Protection- Killing Planktons and Dispersing Spilled Oil (2001)

This paper describes on the use of cavitation for environmental protection in the form of the following two subjects: killing plankton in water and dispersing spilled oil. The preliminary results showed that both uses are promising, which demonstrates the wide range of applications of cavitation utilization.\n\n
A Novel Displacement Reaction of 1-Ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxyquinolines with Nucleophiles (1976)

The reaction of 4-amino-(3a) and 4-anilino-3-carboethoxy-l- ethyl-6.7-methylenedioxyquinoliniumiodide (3b) with nucleophilic reagents produced 7-substituted 4-amino-3-carboxy-l-ethyl-6- hydroxyquinolinium betaines (5b-d) and 7-substituted 1-ethyl-l,4dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-phenylimino-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (6b-d), respectively, which led to 7-substituted 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6hydroxy-4-0x0-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids (lb-d) by alkaline hydrolysis.Many investigations on the displacement reactions of quinoline derivatives with nucleophiles have been published.These reactions, however, have been limited to those on the pyridine moiety of quinoline skeleton except the reaction1 of 7halogenoquinolines with nucleophiles.In the course of a study on 1-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-0x0-3- quinolinecarboxylic acids,' we found that treatment of 4-amino-3carboethoxy-l-ethyl-6,7-meth~le~edioxyquinolinium iodide (3a) compound (le) was synthesized for identification of a metabolite of oxolinic acid.No synthetic procedure for le, however, was not given.
Coronary Risk Factors and Plaque Morphology in Men with Coronary Disease Who Died Suddenly (1997)

Among men with coronary disease who die suddenly, abnormal serum cholesterol concentrations - particularly elevated ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol - predispose patients to rupture of vulnerable plaques, whereas cigarette smoking predisposes patients to acute thrombosis.
Antioxidant Activity of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) of Low Soluble Solids and Development of a Shelf Stable Spread (2015)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is known to be associated with a reduced risk of developing a certain chronic diseases and cancers due to the presence of lycopene, a bioactive carotenoid. Commercially, the vegetable is used in the preparation of tomato puree or ketchup, but the local varieties with lower total soluble solids was found to be not useful for the same and fetching not enough prices during glut and being wasted without processing. In the present study, the local tomato variety (Heemsohna) with lower brix and higher acidity grown in India was analysed for antioxidant activity. Its suitability for preparation of a value added novel product, 'spread' was evaluated by mixing tomato juice with sugar in the ratio of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 followed by concentrating the pulp to 65 brix. The spread was analysed for physicochemical parameters and sensory acceptability during storage for six months. The methanolic extracts of dehydrated tomato exhibited a 50% inhibition in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay at a concentration of 5 and 2 mg/ml respectively. Variations in physicochemical properties of tomato spread such as brix (64.5-65.0), pH (3.69-3.73), % acidity (0.69-0.74%), % reducing sugars (19.30-39.00%) % total sugars (56.95-60.21) and viscosity (2681-3255 cP) were measured. Significant changes were observed in sensory parameters such as colour, flavour and taste after 4 months however, the spread was well accepted by panelists with a maximum score of 6.9 for overall acceptability during the storage for six months. The study indicated that local varieties of tomato can be converted into a value added novel, highly acceptable and shelf stable spread which will help both farmers and consumers.
Estimation of 3D faces and illumination from single photographs using a bilinear illumination model (2005)

3D Face modeling is still one of the biggest challenges in computer graphics. In this paper we present a novel framework that acquires the 3D shape, texture, pose and illumination of a face from a single photograph. Additionally, we show how we can recreate a face under varying illumination conditions. Or, essentially relight it. Using a custom-built face scanning system, we have collected 3D face scans and light reflection images of a large and diverse group of human subjects. We derive a morphable face model for 3D face shapes and accompanying textures by transforming the data into a linear vector sub-space. The acquired images of faces under variable illumination are then used to derive a bilinear illumination model that spans 3D face shape and illumination variations. Using both models we, in turn, propose a novel fitting framework that estimates the parameters of the morphable model given a single photograph. Our framework can deal with complex face reflectance and lighting environments in an efficient and robust manner. In the results section of our paper, we compare our methods to existing ones and demonstrate its efficacy in reconstructing 3D face models when provided with a single photograph. We also provide several examples of facial relighting (on 2D images) by performing adequate decomposition of the estimated illumination using our framework.
Comparing various evolutionary algorithms on the parameter optimization of the valine and leucine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum (2007)

Parameter estimation for biochemical model systems has become an important problem in systems biology. Here we focus on the metabolic subnetwork of the valine and leucine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum. Due to the lack of indisputable information regarding reversibility of the reactions in the pathway we derived two alternative ordinary differential equation models based on the formalisms of the generalized mass-action rate law. We introduced two alternative modeling approaches for feedback inhibition and evaluated the applicability of six optimization procedures (multi start Hill Climber, binary and real valued Genetic Algorithm, standard and covariance matrix adaption Evolution Strategy as well as Simulated Annealing) to the problem of parameter fitting. The model considering irreversible reactions performed worse and was therefore rejected from further analysis. We benchmarked the impact of different mutation and crossover operators as well as the influence of the population size on the remaining system and the two best optimization procedures namely binary Genetic Algorithm and the Evolution Strategy. The GA performed best on average and found the best total result based on the relative squared error.
Beam quality and spectral characteristics of mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers (2003)

Summary from only given. We discuss an experimental realization of the photonic crystal DFB laser concept using an antimonide W active region that emitted at wavelengths near 4.6 /spl mu/m. A second-order rectangular grating was defined by optical lithography and oriented at 20/spl deg/ with respect to the facet normal and had circular features with a diameter equal to 67% of the shorter period (1.49 /spl mu/m).
Intangible Inventions: A History of Software Patenting in the United States, 1945–1985 (2017)

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Addressing Fairness Issues in Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review (2022)

Deep learning algorithms have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various medical image analysis (MedIA) applications. However, recent research highlights a performance disparity in these algorithms when applied to specific subgroups, such as exhibiting poorer predictive performance in elderly females. Addressing this fairness issue has become a collaborative effort involving AI scientists and clinicians seeking to understand its origins and develop solutions for mitigation within MedIA. In this survey, we thoroughly examine the current advancements in addressing fairness issues in MedIA, focusing on methodological approaches. We introduce the basics of group fairness and subsequently categorize studies on fair MedIA into fairness evaluation and unfairness mitigation. Detailed methods employed in these studies are presented too. Our survey concludes with a discussion of existing challenges and opportunities in establishing a fair MedIA and healthcare system. By offering this comprehensive review, we aim to foster a shared understanding of fairness among AI researchers and clinicians, enhance the development of unfairness mitigation methods, and contribute to the creation of an equitable MedIA society.
A Novel Temperature Compensation Method for a MEMS Gyroscope Oriented on a Periphery Circuit (2013)

This paper investigates temperature compensation methods used for the scale factor and bias of the MEMS gyroscope within the temperature range from − 40°C to 60°C. The structure and periphery monitor circuit are introduced. Then the determinant elements of the MEMS gyroscope's scale factor are analysed and the results indicate that scale factor is directly proportional to drive amplitude and sense loop gain and is inversely proportional to the frequency gap between two modes. After that, the compensation methods are proposed, the thermal resistor's positive temperature coefficient (tempco) is utilized to calibrate the scale factor's tempco through regulating the drive mode amplitude and the sense loop gain, and each method is applied respectively and the results are contrasted. The test results of the two specimens express that the most effective compensation method could decrease the scale factor's tempco from 693ppm/°C (640ppm/°C) to 250ppm/°C (257ppm/°C), improving it by 63.9% (59.8%). Finally, a method of declining bias's tempco is investigated and implemented after scale factor compensation. A summator with a thermal resistor is utilized at the output level and decreases the bias's tempco from 103.89°/h/°C (100.78°/h/°C) to 9.70°/h/°C (12°/h/°C) improving it by 90.7% (88%). Repeat tests are performed based on two specimens to prove the repeatability and reproducibility of the methods.