gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis ssi1 Mutation Restores Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression in npr1 Plants and Renders Defensin Gene Expression Salicylic Acid Dependent (1999)

The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene was previously shown to be required for the salicylic acid (SA)- and benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and systemic acquired resistance. The dominant ssi1 (for suppressor of SA insensitivity) mutation characterized in this study defines a new component of the SA signal transduction pathway that bypasses the requirement of NPR1 for expression of the PR genes and disease resistance. The ssi1 mutation caused PR (PR-1, BGL2 [PR-2], and PR-5) genes to be constitutively expressed and restored resistance to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato in npr1-5 (previously called sai1) mutant plants. In addition, ssi1 plants were small, spontaneously developed hypersensitive response-like lesions, accumulated elevated levels of SA, and constitutively expressed the antimicrobial defensin gene PDF1.2. The phenotypes of the ssi1 mutant are SA dependent. When SA accumulation was prevented in ssi1 npr1-5 plants by expressing the SA-degrading salicylate hydroxylase (nahG) gene, all of the phenotypes associated with the ssi1 mutation were suppressed. However, lesion formation and expression of the PR genes were restored in these plants by the application of BTH. Interestingly, expression of PDF1.2, which previously has been shown to be SA independent but jasmonic acid and ethylene dependent, was also suppressed in ssi1 npr1-5 plants by the nahG gene. Furthermore, exogenous application of BTH restored PDF1.2 expression in these plants. Our results suggest that SSI1 may function as a switch modulating cross-talk between the SA- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated defense signal transduction pathways.
Long-term outcomes of the aphakic snap-on Boston type I keratoprosthesis at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (2018)

Most patients experienced improved visual acuity after the implantation of the aphakic, snap-on type I KPro; however, the visual gains were not sustained over time, correlating with the onset of postoperative complications.
Restoration of MHC Class I Surface Expression and Endogenous Antigen Presentation by a Molecular Chaperone (1997)

Presentation of cytosolic peptides in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen is crucial for immune recognition of virus-infected and malignant cells. This process, which is often defective in cancer cells, involves a series of cellular events which may be facilitated by heat shock proteins (molecular chaperones). To address the influence of chaperone function on the presentation of cytosolic peptides, we have utilized B16 melanoma cells (H-2b). These tumour cells are resistant to lysis by MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), due to a very low level of surface MHC expression. The authors found that stably transfected clones of B16 expressing a heterologous heat shock protein (Hsp65) exhibit significantly increased levels of MHC class I antigens on their surface, and are effectively lysed by alloreactive CTL. These MHC class I molecules can form functional MHC-peptide complexes which are recognized by virus-specific CTL. Moreover, mice immunized with Hsp65-expressing tumour cells, but not with control-transfected tumour cells, display a significantly increased resistance to a subsequent challenge with live, wild-type B16. Together, these results indicate that the suitable expression of a molecular chaperone can overcome a defect in MHC class I expression and antigen presentation, and suggest a novel approach to cancer immunotherapy.
Biological Consequences and Transgenerational Impact of Violence and Abuse (2010)

Every year, more than 1 million children are exposed to sexual or physical abuse or neglect in the US. The research summarized here clearly demonstrates that exposure to stress before adulthood can result in persistent effects on both mental and physical health.
Evaluation of blood compatibility of PEO grafted and heparin immobilized polyurethanes. (1989)

To develop better blood compatible polymer for long-term biomedical applications, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) grafted and/or heparin immobilized polyurethanes (PUs) were made by novel surface modification. Their blood compatibilities were investigated using in vitro platelet adhesion test, APTT, PT, immobilized heparin bioactivity measurement, and ex vivo rabbit A-A shunt test. In platelet adhesion tests, PEO grafted PU surfaces, compared to PU control, displayed very little platelet adhesion and activation, and this effect was more significant as the molecular weight of PEO increased from 200 to 2000. Also, the degree of platelet adhesion was lower in the heparinized PU surfaces than that of PU control. The immobilized heparin showed a greater effect on intrinsic blood coagulation factors than on extrinsic ones, whereas the PU-PEO surface was independent of blood coagulation factors. Lowering both in vitro platelet adhesion and activation led to a prolongation in the ex vivo occlusion time. In particular, the heparinized PU-PEO surfaces displayed enhanced blood compatibility due to the synergistic effects of PEO and heparin.
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Orally Given Streptokinase (1963)

According to Lewis(1), the nonapeptide bradykinin is an important mediator of the acute inflammatory reaction. It is, therefore, of interest that orally given proteases were recently shown to antagonize 3 pharmacologic actions of bradykinin: vasodilatation, vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction(2). The objects of the present investigation were: first, to assess the action of orally given streptokinase against the fourth pharmacologic action of bradykinin, namely, pain production; and second, to appraise the anti-inflammatory action of orally given streptokinase in a controlled animal and clinical experiment. Methods. 1. Analgesia study. The cantharidin blister technic of Armstrong et al. (3) was slightly modified. This study comprised 30 apparently healthy students and technicians. A band-aid containing 2 drops of tincture cantharidin was applied to the skin of the flexor surface of the forearm the evening before the day of the experiment. When the band-aid was removed the next morning, the area showed a blister with a diameter of about 1.5 to 2 cm. Blisters remained relatively unchanged for 24–48 hours. Intact blisters were opened and the separated epidermis cut away exposing the blister base, which was bathed in Ringer's solution warmed to 37°C. Before the application of bradykinin, the bathing solution was removed and the area dried with filter paper. 0.2 ml bradykinin (0.1 μg) was applied to the dry blister base and the following information recorded: Ten control subjects received placebo tablets; 10 treated subjects received tablets containing streptokinase 10,000 units; 10 treated subjects received aspirin, 5 grains. Control and experimental groups received one tablet every 15 minutes for one hour following pretreatment control determinations.
Impact of temperature on surface-trap-induced gate-lag effects in GaAs heterostructure FETs (2003)

Temperature increase is shown to impact the turn-on waveforms of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure field-effect transistors in a non-trivial way, resulting in reduced drain current fast change but shortened drain current transient. Two-dimensional device simulations accounting for hole traps at the ungated recess surface provide a consistent physical explanation for the observed behaviour.
Immune Evasion Strategies of Trypanosoma brucei within the Mammalian Host: Progression to Pathogenicity (2016)

The diseases caused by African trypanosomes (AT) are of both medical and veterinary importance and have adversely influenced the economic development of sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, so far not a single field applicable vaccine exists, and chemotherapy is the only strategy available to treat the disease. These strictly extracellular protozoan parasites are confronted with different arms of the host's immune response (cellular as well as humoral) and via an elaborate and efficient (vector)-parasite-host interplay they have evolved efficient immune escape mechanisms to evade/manipulate the entire host immune response. This is of importance, since these parasites need to survive sufficiently long in their mammalian/vector host in order to complete their life cycle/transmission. Here, we will give an overview of the different mechanisms AT (i.e. T. brucei as a model organism) employ, comprising both tsetse fly saliva and parasite-derived components to modulate host innate immune responses thereby sculpturing an environment that allows survival and development within the mammalian host.
Full Bandwidth Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Based on MMI (2017)

In this letter, we design and experimentally demonstrate a four-channel full-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) device based on multimode interference in the silicon dioxide material platform. The simulation and performance analysis of WDM devices are carried out by the beam propagation method and finite-difference time-domain method. With a simple structure, the device is in small size, and easy to implement in process. The experimental results show that the device achieves a wavelength separation of 1.28, 1.34, 1.52, and 1.58 μm. The insertion losses and a contrast between two channels are also displayed.
Emerging concepts of anesthetic neuroprotection and neurotoxicity (2011)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Arbuckle exploration: Acquisition through seismic windows of the Ouachita thrust zone (1991)

Continental breakup and collision are exciting topics of academic discussion, but their presence in an exploration environment nearly always complicates the situation. The recent flurry of exploration in the Arkoma basin of southeastern Oklahoma/southwestern Arkansas—where both breakup and collision have occurred—is a classic example.
Nanoferroelectrics (2011)

The basic difference between nanoferroelectrics and bulk ferroelectrics is the increased role of the surface and the inherent bulk symmetry breaking present in the vicinity of the surface. This gives rise to spontaneous piezomagnetic, piezoelectric and magnetoelectric effects that are absent in the bulk. Size‐induced phase transitions may appear as well as spontaneous flexoelectric effects. It is further shown that before the ferroelectric state vanishes with decreasing size the system may undergo a phase transition to a ferroelectric vortex state that does not exist in the bulk. This state persists down to very small dimensions where it finally vanishes and ferroelectricity disappears.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION VIA DIRECTED 2‐AZONIA‐(3,3)‐SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS. A NEW PYRROLIDINE SYNTHESIS (1979)

Abstract Aldehyde reagieren mit 2‐Alkoxy‐buten‐(3)‐ ylammoniumsalzen unter vergleichsweise milden Bedingungen zu 3‐Acyl‐pyrrolidinen, wie z.B. die Aldehyde (I) mit den Tetrafluoroboraten (II) zu den Pyrrolidinen (VI) (die als Epimerengemische in bezug auf die Acetylgruppe anfallen).
Postharvest biology and handling of tomatoes. (2018)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter focuses on the harvesting, packaging, ripening, temperature management and controlled and modified atmosphere storage for maintaining the postharvest quality of tomato fruits.
Correlating Features and Code Using a Compact Two-Sided Trace Analysis Approach (2005)

Software developers are constantly required to modify and adapt application features in response to changing requirements. The problem is that just by reading the source code, it is difficult to determine how classes and methods contribute to the runtime behavior of features. Moreover, dependencies between system features are not obvious, consequently software maintenance operations often result in unintended side effects. To tackle these problems, we propose a compact feature-driven approach (i.e., summarized trace information) based on dynamic analysis to characterize features and computational units of an application. We extract execution traces to achieve an explicit mapping between features and classes using two complementary perspectives. We apply our approach to two case studies and we report our findings.
Neuronal-immune Axis Alters Pain and Sensory Afferent Damage During Dental Pulp Injury (2022)

ABSTRACT Dental pulp tissue is densely innervated by afferent fibers of the trigeminal ganglion. When bacteria cause dental decay near the pulpal tissue, a strong neuronal and immune response occur, creating pulpitis, which is associated with severe pain and pulp tissue damage. Neuro-immune interactions have the potential to modulate both the pain and pathological outcome of pulpitis. We first investigated the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), released from peptidergic sensory afferents, in dental pain and immune responses by using calca knock out (calca −/− ) and wild type (calca +/+ ) mice, in a model of pulpitis by creating a mechanical exposure of the dental pulp horn. While CGRP did not contribute to facial mechanical hypersensitivity, at an early time point, it did contribute to spontaneous pain-like behavior. We also found that CGRP contributed to recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, while not clearly affecting the progression of pulpal pathology histologically. When we depleted neutrophils and monocytes, we found that there was more sensory afferent loss, tissue damage and deeper spread of bacteria into the pulp tissue, while there was a reduction in facial mechanical hypersensitivity compared to control animals at a later time point. Overall, we showed that there is a crosstalk between peptidergic neurons and neutrophils in the pulp, modulating the pain and inflammatory outcomes of the disease.
Biological Assessment of Aspirin Efficacy on Healthy Individuals (2004)

Our findings suggest that full resistance of healthy subjects to aspirin is rather unlikely. However, differences in aspirin absorption, or pharmacokinetic, or other unrecognized factors may lead to lack of effect of low dose of aspirin in some subjects when using tests like platelet function analyzer-100. Whether Cox polymorphisms are thrombotic risk factor for patients under aspirin will require further research.
Resonance-Enhanced Harmonics From Air Plasma In The Perturbative Regime (2018)

Air pumped by mid-infrared femtosecond pulses gives rise to coherent emission at 391 nm. Based on ellipticity dependence measurement and time-resolved characterization, we attribute this emission to resonance-enhanced harmonics in perturbative regime.
An impedance microsensor with coplanar electrodes and vertical sensing apertures (2005)

An impedance microsensor with coplanar electrodes and a vertical sensing aperture is presented for detecting single particles/cells. The sensing mechanism utilizes gating electrodes patterned in a plane perpendicular to the fluidic flow to minimize coincidence due to multiple particles. The design was implemented by integrating gating microelectrodes across the entrance of an orifice anisotropically etched into a silicon substrate. Through holes in diameters of 20, 60, and 100 /spl mu/m were made on a single device. The microsensor was tested by detecting microbeads 45 /spl mu/m in diameter suspended in 0.9% saline solution using AC excitation of 500 kHz. For comparison, a larger version made on a printed circuit board was also tested on microbeads 367 and 867 /spl mu/m in diameter using an excitation frequency of 50 KHz. The impedance change across the gating electrodes due to passage of particles through the sensing apertures was converted into electrical pulses using an interfacing system including demodulation and signal processing circuitry and acquired into a LabView program for automatic pulse detection and analysis. Preliminary results on detection of microbeads indicate that the sensing mechanism is capable of detecting passing particles, and the pulse amplitude distribution correlates with the size of beads.
Intraoperative Imprint Cytology for Sentinel Lymph Node Evaluation of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2008)

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare skin cancer, which is more aggressive and more lethal than melanoma. Merkel cell carcinoma tends to spread to regional lymph nodes and, consequently, lymph node status is the strongest predictor of survival. Of all the staging alternatives, intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy seems to be the best option by quickly affording clinicians the advantage of averting unnecessary surgery in patients with negative SLNs, while providing the option of continuing on to therapeutic lymph node dissection for patients detected with node-positive disease. For evaluation of SLN biopsies, intraoperative imprint cytology (IIC) demonstrates equivalent sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy as frozen sections while offering greater preservation of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail without freezing artifact, retention of all tissue for permanent sections, quicker and less labor intensive preparation, and lower costs. For these reasons, IIC should be the preferred method of examination for SLN biopsies for patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. We report a case of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma diagnosed by evaluation of SLNs using IIC.
A General Strategy for Five-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis by Cycloelimination of Alkynyl Ketones, Amides, and Thioamides (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA General Strategy for Five-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis by Cycloelimination of Alkynyl Ketones, Amides, and ThioamidesPeter Wipf, Leera T. Rahman, and Stacey R. RectorView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 21, 7132–7133Publication Date (Web):September 23, 1998Publication History Received4 August 1998Published online23 September 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981542qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981542qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2591Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Ethers,Heterocyclic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Ketones Get e-Alerts
Maltene and Soluble Salt Removal from Bituminized Waste Simulates:  Fractionation of the Waste Elements (2005)

Bitumen has been used as a matrix for inorganic radioactive waste salts. If this waste would appear to be unacceptable for deep geological or shallow land disposal, a stabilizing chemical re-treatment could be considered. In this framework, we present some lab-scale experiments on the removal of the maltenes and water-soluble salts from a waste simulate mixture of blown bitumen (Shell type R85/25) plus water-soluble and -insoluble salts. Two secondary waste streams are produced, that is, an organic waste containing the maltenes and an aqueous waste mainly containing soluble (nitrate) salts. The radionuclides are concentrated in the remaining mixture of asphaltenes and water-insoluble salts. If one waste salt composition is used, the relative elemental composition of the two secondary waste streams is constant over the experimental range presented in this paper. The quantitative distribution of the elements among the obtained fractions depends on the bitumen−salt concentration: at low {bitumen + salt} to {solvent + nonsolvent} ratios, the purest organic secondary waste stream is produced. A seemingly inverse relationship between the amount of maltene ash on one hand and the settling velocity of asphaltenes and salts on the other hand is observed. If this relationship could be quantified, long and laborious separation experiments could be replaced at least partially by turbidimetric analysis of the settling velocity.
Relaxin Signaling from Natural Receptors (2005)

The heterodimeric peptide hormone relaxin in most cells appears to signal through a G-protein-coupled receptor, LGR7. Whereas in artificial cell systems, made by transfection of receptor-expressing gene constructs into cells normally not presenting the receptor, classic activation of adenylate cyclase appears to be mediated by Gs, in cells naturally expressing the receptor, this type of coupling appears to be very weak. Instead, there is good evidence of other intermediate steps involving cytoplasmic components and tyrosine kinase activity. Part of the complexity of relaxin signaling is also manifest in the variable time course of cAMP production evident in the THP-1 cell line, which appears to depend on passage number and, hence, presumably on differentiation status. It is therefore important to distinguish between immediate early effects, short to mid-term responses, and long-term responses likely the consequences of specific gene upregulation.
Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB Gene, OsMYB3R-2, Increases Tolerance to Freezing, Drought, and Salt Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis (2007)

We used a cDNA microarray approach to monitor the expression profile of rice (Oryza sativa) under cold stress and identified 328 cold-regulated genes. Thirteen such genes encoding MYB, homeodomain, and zinc finger proteins with unknown functions showed a significant change in expression under 72-h cold stress. Among them, OsMYB3R-2 was selected for further study. Unlike most plant R2R3 MYB transcription factors, OsMYB3R-2 has three imperfect repeats in the DNA-binding domain, the same as in animal c-MYB proteins. Expression of OsMYB3R-2 was induced by cold, drought, and salt stress. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic plants overexpressing OsMYB3R-2 showed increased tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stress, and the seed germination of transgenic plants was more tolerant to abscisic acid or NaCl than that of wild type. The expression of some clod-related genes, such as dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A, COR15a, and RCI2A, was increased to a higher level in OsMYB3R-2-overexpressing plants than in wild type. These results suggest that OsMYB3R-2 acts as a master switch in stress tolerance.