gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of the density difference between supercritical CO2 and supercritical CH4 on their adsorption capacities: An experimental study on anthracite in the Qinshui Basin (2022)

Deep unmineable coals are considered as economic and effective geological media for CO2 storage and CO2 enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery is the key technology to realize CO2 geological sequestration in coals. Anthracite samples were collected from the Qinshui Basin and subjected to mercury intrusion porosimetry, low-pressure CO2 adsorption, and high-pressure CH4/CO2 isothermal adsorption experiments. The average number of layers of adsorbed molecules (ANLAM) and the CH4/CO2 absolute adsorption amounts and their ratio at experimental temperatures and pressures were calculated. Based on a comparison of the density of supercritical CO2 and supercritical CH4, it is proposed that the higher adsorption capacity of supercritical CO2 over supercritical CH4 is the result of their density differences at the same temperature. Lastly, the optimal depth for CO2-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin is recommended. The results show that: (1) the adsorption capacity and the ANLAM of CO2 are about twice that of CH4 on SH-3 anthracite. The effect of pressure on the CO2/CH4 absolute adsorption ratio decreases with the increase of pressure and tends to be consistent. (2) A parameter (the density ratio between gas free and adsorbed phase (DRFA)) is proposed to assess the absolute adsorption amount according to the supercritical CO2/CH4 attributes. The DRFA of CO2 and CH4 both show a highly positive correlation with their absolute adsorption amounts, and therefore, the higher DRFA of CO2 is the significant cause of its higher adsorption capacity over CH4 under the same temperature and pressure. (3) CO2 adsorption on coal shows micropore filling with multilayer adsorption in the macro-mesopore, while methane exhibits monolayer surface coverage. (4) Based on the ideal CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption ratio, CO2 storage capacity, and permeability variation with depth, it is recommended that the optimal depth for CO2-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin ranges from 1000 m to 1500 m.
Min-max compression methods for medical image databases (1997)

The volume of medical imaging data produced per year is rapidly increasing, overtaxing the capabilities of Picture Archival and Communication (PACS) systems. Image compression methods can lessen the problem by encoding digital images into more space-efficient forms. Image compression is achieved by reducing redundancy in the imaging data. Existing methods reduce redundancy in individual images. However, these methods ignore an additional source of redundancy, which is based on the common information stored in more than one image in a set of similar images. We use the term "set redundancy" to describe this type of redundancy. Medical image databases contain large sets of similar images, therefore they also contain significant amounts of set redundancy.This paper presents two methods that extract set redundancy from medical imaging data: the Min-Max Differential (MMD), and the Min-Max Predictive (MMP) methods. These methods can improve compression of standard image compression techniques for sets of medical images. Our tests compressing CT brain scans have shown an average of as much as 129% improvement for Huffman encoding, 93% for Arithmetic Coding, and 37% for Lempel-Ziv compression when they are combined with Min-Max methods. Both MMD and MMP are based on reversible operations, hence they provide lossless compression.
Elucidating the Electronic Structure of a Delayed Fluorescence Emitter via Orbital Interactions, Excitation Energy Components, Charge-Transfer Numbers, and Vibrational Reorganization Energies (2021)

Recently, Wang and co-workers carried out frontier molecule orbital engineering in the design of <i>m</i>-Cz-BNCz, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule that emits pure green light at an external quantum efficiency of 27%. To further understand the underlying molecular design principles, we employed four advanced electronic structure analysis tools. First, an absolutely localized molecular orbitals (ALMO-) based analysis indicates an antibonding combination between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the donor 3,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butylcarbazole fragment and the acceptor BNCz fragment, which raises the HOMO energy and red-shifts the fluorescence emission wavelength. Second, excitation energy component analysis reveals that the S<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub> gap is dominated by two-electron components of the excitation energies. Third, charge transfer number analysis, which is extended to use fragment-based Hirshfeld weights, indicates that the S<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> excited states of <i>m</i>-Cz-BNCz (within time-dependent density functional theory) have notable charge transfer characters (27% for S<sub>1</sub> and 12% for T<sub>1</sub>). This provides a balance between a small single-triplet gap and a substantial fluorescence intensity. Last, a vibrational reorganization energy analysis pinpoints the torsional motion between the BNCz and Cz moieties of <i>m</i>-Cz-BNCz as the source for its wider emission peak than that of <i>p</i>-Cz-BNCz. These four types of analyses are expected to be very valuable in the study and design of other TADF and functional dye molecules.
From Lewy body disease to Alzheimer s disease Hypothesis and evidence (2003)

The mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease have long been a controversial subject among neurologists and neuropathologists. Here, we hypothesize that three most common histopathological structures, Lewy body (LB), neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and neuritic senile plaque (NP) found in neurodegenerative diseases are different stages of the same lesion. Lewy body disease (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are based on a similar or the same pathogenic mechanism. Different clinical manifestations and pathological features found in postmortem brains between LBD and AD is due to the different intensities of initial insults, rate of the disease progression and temporal involvement of different brain regions during the AD development.
The Effect of NAA and BA on Carbon Dioxide Assimilation by Shoot Leaves of Spur-type `Delicious' and `Empire' Apple Trees (1997)

The effects of NAA, BA, or Accel on CO 2 assimilation of shoot leaves of mature bearing Redchief `Delicious' and `Empire' apple ( Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were evaluated over two seasons. BA at 50 mg·L -1 did not significantly affect any of the gas-exchange parameters measured. NAA (15 mg·L -1 ) consistently suppressed CO 2 assimilation rate (from ≈10% to 24% below that of the control). This suppression was NAA-concentration dependent, continued for &gt;15 days after treatment, and was completely overcome in `Empire', but only partially or not at all in `Delicious' when BA was combined with NAA. These results are discussed in relation to fruit thinning and NAA-induced inhibition of fruit growth in spur-type `Delicious'. Chemical names used: 2-(1-napthyl) acetic acid (NAA); N -(phenyl)-1 H -purine-6-amine (BA); BA + gibberellin A (GA) 4+7 (Accel).
The Challenges of Working on Social Robots that Collaborate with People (2019)

The advances in Robotics offer exciting opportunities for robots to become socially collaborative technologies. But are we ready for and are the robots capable of enabling a good level of interaction and user experience? How can the CHI community work with the Human Robot Interaction (HRI) community to share best practices and methods in order to continue to advance research that crosses methodological and cultural boundaries between HRI and HCI? This workshop will bring together key researchers working in and across both HCI and HRI to share existing challenges and opportunities to advance the field of Socially Collaborative Robotics. We will look to share our recent research experiences and practices in order to build capacity in the crossings between HCI and HRI.
Therapy Monitoring of EGFR-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Using ddPCR Multiplex Assays (2021)

The detection of EGFR-sensitizing and EGFR-resistance mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients is important for the selection and monitoring of EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) multiplex assays allow for sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with a minimum of extract needed and at lower cost. Patients were screened for the EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor-sensitizing mutations Ex19Del, L858R, L861Q, G719S, and S768I using a novel ddPCR pentaplex assay. Patients who tested positive subsequently were monitored during treatment for the EGFR-sensitizing mutation and two EGFR-resistance mutations, T790M and C797S, using a ddPCR monitor triplex assay. The ddPCR multiplex assays enabled reliable detection of each mutation with a fractional abundance of at least 0.1%. For six patients, longitudinal data were analyzed and the ddPCR results provided a good reflection of the course of the disease and radiologic response. This study confirms that ddPCR on cfDNA supports the diagnosis and therapy selection, and shows that ddPCR multiplex assays on cfDNA could be a valuable additional diagnostic tool for therapy monitoring of non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
Inhibition of RANKL in the testis increased the number of motile sperm in a sub-group of infertile men with preserved Sertoli cell function (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Lithium Hydroperoxide (2012)

[23594-83-4] (·H2O) InChI = 1S/Li.H2O2/c;1-2/h;1-2H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = AHCNXVCAVUYIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M [54637-08-0] HO2Li (MW 39.95) InChI = 1S/Li.H2O2.H2O/c;1-2;/h;1-2H;1H2/q+1;;/p-1 InChIKey = XZAAKIMHGHTXDH-UHFFFAOYSA-M (nonbasic hydrolysis of imides, amides, and esters; nondestructive recovery of chiral auxiliaries3) Physical Data: hydrate: white crystalline solid; d 1.69 g cm−3. Solubility: sol THF/H2O (3∶1), dioxane. Preparative Methods: prepared in situ from Lithium Hydroxide and aq. Hydrogen Peroxide. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: reagent is typically generated in situ immediately prior to use. The hydrate can be prepared in an inert atmosphere from ethanolic LiOEt and 30% H2O2.1 Extended storage over desiccants such as P2O5 leads to the formation of Li2O2. LiOOH·H2O reacts spontaneously with atmospheric CO2 to form Li2CO3 and O2, and gradually decomposes on standing at room temperature to LiOH·H2O.
Grating Lobe Control in Dual-Feed Single-Beam Reflectarrays and Power Combiners (2013)

The reason for the presence of unwanted sidelobes in multifeed single-beam reflectarrays and power combiners is shown to be a grating lobe phenomenon due to “amplitude clustering” of the scattered field over the reflectarray aperture. A means of controlling the level of these lobes is proposed and validated using full-wave analysis and measurements.
Mechanical production of very thin oscillator plates (1949)

To produce quartz oscillator plates thinner than 0.005 inch, it has been necessary to modify the usual lapping methods and machinery. The thickness at which the crystal carrier (nest) stretches or buckles is the limiting factor in the conventional apparatus. Th e modifications described in this report consist of replacements for the conventional top lapping plate with corresponding cha~ges in the crystal carrier. T he development is presented in chronological order from the simple press ure block method to the more elaborate form s lIsing automatic truing. The improved equipment is capable of producing O.OOl-inchthick quar tz crystals and can be used for producing equa lly thin wafers from a variety of other materials.
Nutrient Compositions of Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia (2011)

Mushrooms (including fruiting bodies and mycelia) are a food with high nutritional value. This article summarizes the results of proximate composition studies of 38 fruiting bodies and 19 mycelia of 32 species of culinary-medicinal mushrooms from genera Agaricus, Agrocybe, Antrodia, Auricularia, Boletus, Clitocybe, Coprinus, Cordyceps, Trametes, Dictyophora, Flammulina, Ganoderma, Grifola, Hericium, Hypsizygus, Inonotus, Lentinus, Morchella, Pleurotus, Sparassis, Termitomyces, Tremella, and Tricholoma. Based on the proximate composition, most fruiting bodies and mycelia are low in fat and rich in protein and dietary fiber (DF); however, some are rich in soluble polysaccharides and others are rich in crude fiber. Due to the high amount of DF present, the energy provided by 100 g of dry fruiting bodies and mycelia is 46.96-292.37 kcal and 195.84-373.22 kcal, respectively. The energy (100 g) is classified into four levels: first level of >300 kcal, second level of 200-300 kcal, third level of 100-200 kcal, and fourth level of <100 kcal. Most fruiting bodies are listed in the third level; nine mycelia are listed in the first level and ten in the second level. Overall, the information about the proximate composition and energy are of great interest for fruiting bodies and mycelia to be used as foods or food-flavoring materials or in the formulation of health foods.
Trajectory Series Analysis based Event Rule Induction for Visual Surveillance (2007)

In this paper, a generic rule induction framework based on trajectory series analysis is proposed to learn the event rules. First the trajectories acquired by a tracking system are mapped into a set of primitive events that represent some basic motion patterns of moving object. Then a minimum description length (MDL) principle based grammar induction algorithm is adopted to infer the meaningful rules from the primitive event series. Compared with previous grammar rule based work on event recognition where the rules are all defined manually, our work aims to learn the event rules automatically. Experiments in a traffic crossroad have demonstrated the effectiveness of our methods. Shown in the experimental results, most of the grammar rules obtained by our algorithm are consistent with the actual traffic events in the crossroad. Furthermore the traffic lights rule in the crossroad can also be leaned correctly with the help of eliminating the irrelevant trajectories.
Label-free nanoscale optical metrology on myelinated axons in vivo (2017)

In the mammalian nervous system, myelin provides electrical insulation for the neural circuit by forming a highly organized, multilayered thin film around the axon fibers. Here, we investigate the spectral reflectance from this subcellular nanostructure and devise a new label-free technique based on a spectroscopic analysis of reflected light, enabling nanoscale imaging of myelinated axons in their natural living state. Using this technique, we demonstrate three-dimensional mapping of the axon diameter and sensing of dynamic changes in the substructure of myelin at nanoscale. We further reveal the prevalence of axon bulging in the brain cortex in vivo after mild compressive trauma. Our novel tool opens new avenues of investigation by creating unprecedented access to the nanostructural dynamics of live myelinated axons in health and disease.
Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Parameter-Optimized 3D-CNNs Combined with Transfer Learning and Virtual Samples (2018)

Recent research has shown that spatial-spectral information can help to improve the classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). Therefore, three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) have been applied to HSI classification. However, a lack of HSI training samples restricts the performance of 3D-CNNs. To solve this problem and improve the classification, an improved method based on 3D-CNNs combined with parameter optimization, transfer learning, and virtual samples is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to optimize the network performance, the parameters of the 3D-CNN of the HSI to be classified (target data) are adjusted according to the single variable principle. Secondly, in order to relieve the problem caused by insufficient samples, the weights in the bottom layers of the parameter-optimized 3D-CNN of the target data can be transferred from another well trained 3D-CNN by a HSI (source data) with enough samples and the same feature space as the target data. Then, some virtual samples can be generated from the original samples of the target data to further alleviate the lack of HSI training samples. Finally, the parameter-optimized 3D-CNN with transfer learning can be trained by the training samples consisting of the virtual and the original samples. Experimental results on real-world hyperspectral satellite images have shown that the proposed method has great potential prospects in HSI classification.
Problems (1980)

Daniel B. Shapiro, Hal Forsey, Nick Franceschine, Peter Orno, Michael W. Ecker, Dan Moran, F. David Hammer, Donald Elliott, William Bosch, Thomas E. Elsner, Joseph C. Hudson, B. R. Johnson, Joseph Browne, G. A. Heuer, Chandrakant Raju, R. Shantaram, Roger B. Nelsen, Joseph Browne, Duane Broline, Phillip M. Dunson, M. S. Klamkin, Imelda Yeung, Henry Klostergaard, Paul Bracken, Ken Yocom, R. P. Boas, The University of Hartford Problem Solving Group, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Sep., 1980), pp. 244-251
Brain tumor growth modeling : application to radiotherapy (2016)

Les glioblastomes comptent parmi les cas les plus répandus et agressifs de tumeurs cérébrales. Ils sont généralement traités avec une combinaison de résection chirurgicale, suivie de chimiothérapie et radiothérapie. Cependant, le caractère infiltrant de la tumeur rend son traitement particulièrement délicat. La personnalisation de modèles biophysiques permet d’automatiser la mise au point de thérapies spécifiques au patient, en maximisant les chances de survie. Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes attachés à élaborer des outils permettant de personnaliser la radiothérapie des glioblastomes. Nous avons tout d’abord étudié l’impact de la prise en compte de l’œdème vasogénique. Notre étude rétrospective se fonde sur une base de donnée de patients traités avec un médicament anti-angiogénique, révélant a posteriori la présence de l’œdème. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le lien entre l’incertitude due à la segmentation de la tumeur et la distribution de la dose. Pour se faire, nous avons mis au point une méthode permettant d’échantillonner efficacement de multiples segmentations réalistes, à partir d’une unique segmentation clinique. De plus, nous avons personnalisé un modèle de croissance tumorale aux images IRM de sept patients. La méthode Bayésienne adoptée permet notamment d’estimer l’incertitude sur les paramètres personnalisés. Finalement, nous avons montré comment cette personnalisation permet de définir automatiquement la dose à prescrire au patient, en combinant le modèle de croissance tumoral avec un modèle de réponse à la dose délivrée. Les résultats prometteurs présentés ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la personnalisation de la radiothérapie des tumeurs cérébrales.
Carlyle and Art: Symbol, Emblem and Image (1988)

While there are many who would quarrel over Carlyle’s ideas, few would deny his claim as artist; and one significant ‘artistic’ device upon which he relied was the use of emblems or symbols, a device that again reflects his view of the whole. In analysing Teufelsdröckh’s statement that all visible things are symbols of more important invisible ideas or forces, Georg Tennyson writes: The sentence, with its three independent clauses, states this idea from several vantage points, turns, as it were, the jewel to different lights …. By the conclusion of the sentence Carlyle has moved to a philosophic … vocabulary—Matter, Idea—which lends authority to the statement that began with common language. Moreover, Carlyle, by the end of the sentence, has made a more inclusive statement than the one he began with. Carlyle’s method, then, reflects his own religious, philosophic, and aesthetic thought: it straddles two worlds, the common and the philosophic, the real and the ideal. Newton and Goethe were simply two sides of a single concept, each necessary to the other. Newton’s universe was the Word; Goethe’s the Idea: Newton’s the photograph or Emblem; Goethe’s the Reality.
[Feto-maternal transfusion. A rare cause of acute fetal distress. A case history (author's transl)]. (1978)

In this paper we perform an amortized analysis of a functional program for splaying. We construct a potential function that yields the same bound for the amortized cost of splaying as given by D.D. Sleator and R.E. Tarjan - the inventors of splay trees. In addition, we show that this bound is minimal for the class of "sum of logs" potentials. Our approach also applies to the analysis of path reversal and pairing heaps.
Epigenetics in prostate cancer: clinical implications (2021)

Epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and nucleosome remodeling, result in abnormal gene expression patterns that contribute to prostate tumor initiation and continue to evolve during the course of disease progression. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for silencing tumor-suppressor genes, activating oncogenic drivers, and driving therapy resistance and thus have emerged as promising targets for antineoplastic therapy in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetics in prostate cancer with a particular emphasis on clinical implications. We review how epigenetic regulators crosstalk with critical biological pathways, including androgen receptor signaling, and how these interactions dynamically control prostate cancer transcriptional profiles. Because of their potentially reversible nature, restoration of a "normal" epigenome could provide a basis for innovative therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer. We highlight how particular epigenetic alterations are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and/or targets for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Age-of-Information in First-Come-First-Served Wireless Communications: Upper Bound and Performance Optimization (2022)

This article establishes an analytical framework for the upper bound on the average Age-of-Information (AoI) in first-come-first-served (FCFS) wireless communications where a certain level of outage probability is unavoidable. To begin with, we analyze the average AoI and derive a general upper bound for G/G/1 systems with a certain outage probability. Subsequently, for an M/M/1 system with the FCFS scheme, we obtain a concise closed-form expression of the upper bound, and further refine the upper bound after analyzing the relative error. Interestingly, it is found by the analysis that the relative error is independent of the service rate, and the upper bound becomes tighter as the outage probability increases. Based on the refined upper bound, we minimize the average AoI for the communications suffering from block Rayleigh fading. We derive a closed-form expression of the outage probability over a fading channel, and then prove that the refined upper bound is a convex function with respect to the average update generating rate. Consequently, we optimize the AoI performance by solving a convex optimization problem formulated utilizing the refined upper bound expression. The numerical results indicate that the minimum average AoI can be reduced by either increasing the service rate or the transmission power.
Silver Technology for Stabilization of Simple (Z)‐Enethiols: Stereoselective Synthesis and Reaction of Silver (Z)‐Enethiolates. (2006)

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