gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetics of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (2013)

Oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are used for more than a half-century in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Only in the last five years, intensive research has been conducted in the pharmacogenetics of these drugs based mainly on the retrospective register studies, but only a handful of associations detected in these studies were replicated. The gene variants in CYP2C9, ABCC8/KCNJ11, and TCF7L2 were associated with the effect of sulfonylureas. CYP2C9 encodes sulfonylurea metabolizing cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C9, ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes encode proteins constituting ATP-sensitive K(+) channel which is a therapeutic target for sulfonylureas, and TCF7L2 is a gene with the strongest association with type 2 diabetes. SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and ATM gene variants were repeatedly associated with the response to metformin. SLC22A1 and SLC47A1 encode metformin transporters OCT1 and MATE1, respectively. The function of a gene variant near ATM gene identified by a genome-wide association study is not elucidated so far. The first variant associated with the response to gliptins is a polymorphism in the proximity of CTRB1/2 gene which encodes chymotrypsinogen. Establishment of diabetes pharmacogenetics consortia and reduction in costs of genomics might lead to some significant clinical breakthroughs in this field in a near future.
Cellulose Paper Sorptive Extraction (CPSE) Combined with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) for Facile Determination of Lorazepam Residues in Food Samples Involved in Drug Facilitated Crimes (2023)

Reports related to incidences of drug facilitated crimes (DFCs) have notably increased in recently. In such cases, victims report being assaulted or robbed while under the influence of drugs. Lorazepam (LZ) is frequently used in DFCs as it can easily make victims docile owing to its potent numbing effect. Therefore, a straightforward and green analytical method to analyze LZ in spiked food matrices in connection with criminal acts becomes important. The current study reports a simple, green, and high sample throughput analytical method for determining LZ in food and drink matrices commonly encountered in DFCs, based on recently introduced cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE). For the extraction of LZ from food matrices, pristine cellulose paper (CP, commonly used laboratory filter paper) was used as a sorptive medium. Five pieces of CP (1.5″ × 1.5″ each) were dipped into diluted food matrices (cream biscuits and tea) and stirred on a rotary shaker for 30 min at 200 rpm. The CPs were then dried, and the adsorbed LZ was back-extracted into 2 mL of methanol. The extract was then subjected to GC–MS analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Several parameters, including CP size and number, back-extraction solvent type and volume, sample volume, extraction time and stirring speed, pH, ionic strength, elution time and speed, were thoroughly screened and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method was found to be linear in the range of 0.2–10 µg·mL−1 (or µg·g−1) with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.996–0.998. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for cream biscuits were 0.054 and 0.18 µg·g−1 whereas they were 0.05 and 0.16 µg·mL−1 for tea samples. For all measurements, the relative standard deviations (%RSD) were always below 10%. Two mL of methanol per sample was used during the entire sample preparation process. The greenness of the proposed procedure was evaluated using Analytical Eco-Scale and GAPI greenness assessment tools. Finally, the CPSE–GC–MS method has been applied for the determination of LZ in forensic food samples which were used in DFCs.
Side-Slipping Locomotion of a Miniature, Reconfigurable Limb/Tread Hybrid Robot (2008)

Holonomic behavior is desirable in the tight confines of a rubbled, collapsed-structure environment. But arbitrary motion is difficult to achieve, mechanically, particularly since treads are the most common form of locomotive device in search and rescue robots. We are developing a reconfigurable suite of locomotive modules that permit side-slipping locomotion. Initially designed as add-on modules to the TerminatorBot limbed crawler to create limb/tread hybrid robots, the modules can also be assembled with one another to produce holonomic differential drive robots, as well. This paper describes the design of a transverse tread module with unique buckling grousers that creates a tread/limb hybrid robot capable of both forward locomotion and transverse locomotion. Also described is a two-dimensional tread module that provides motive force in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Two of these modules together in a differential drive configuration provides true holonomic capability. The addition of articulated linkages between modules provides holonomic serpentine behavior.
Synthesis and properties of benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrolines and their ruthenium(II) complexes (2007)

Abstract Friedländer reactions of 4‐aminoacridine‐3‐carbaldehyde with 1,3‐, 1,4‐di‐, and 1,3,5‐triacetylbenzenes afforded a series of corresponding (benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yl)benzenes as new N,N,C‐polydentates. Reaction with 1,2‐diacetylbenzene afforded 1,2‐di(benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrol‐2‐yl)benzene with unexpected benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthroline and 3‐oxoindeno[1,2‐b]benzo[j]‐1,10‐phenanthroline in a ratio of 1:1.2:1. Metal complex formation of the ligands was examined to provide two isomeric Ru complexes, a pentaaza‐coordinated (N5Cl) complex [Ru(tpy)( 3aH )Cl](PF 6 ) and a hexacoordinated (N5C) complex [Ru(tpy)( 3a )](PF 6 ) in a ratio of 1:4 with 71% overall yield, whereas 3b‐eH afforded complex mixtures upon reactions with Ru(tpy)Cl 3 . © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:650–656, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20358
Klout Topics for Modeling Interests and Expertise of Users Across Social Networks (2017)

This paper presents Klout Topics, a lightweight ontology to describe social media users' topics of interest and expertise. Klout Topics is designed to: be human-readable and consumer-friendly; cover multiple domains of knowledge in depth; and promote data extensibility via knowledge base entities. We discuss why this ontology is well-suited for text labeling and interest modeling applications, and how it compares to available alternatives. We show its coverage against common social media interest sets, and examples of how it is used to model the interests of over 780M social media users on Klout.com. Finally, we open the ontology for external use.
Entrapment of a Swan-Ganz-catheter in tricuspidal valve. (1991)

Unsuccessful pulmonary artery catheter removal is a rare but potential life-threatening complication. This was observed in a dog during investigations on cerebrovascular reactivity. Postmortem examination showed entrappment of the pulmonary artery catheter in tricuspidal valve. "Clinical" symptoms are described and therapeutic measures in the case of suspected entrappment are discussed.
Untethered microrobot actuated by an electromagnetic field with an acoustically oscillating bubble for bio/micro-object manipulation (2011)

This paper presents a novel non-invasive micromanipulation technique where a microrobot swimming in a three-dimensional space through electromagnetic actuation manipulates micro-objects using an acoustically oscillating bubble attached on the microrobot as a grasping tool in an aqueous environment. The concept of the micromanipulation method is experimentally proved along with studying both electromagnetic and acoustic actuation. Two dimensional manipulation of a magnetic piece is achieved through electromagnetic actuation using two pairs of electric coils installed in the surrounding of a water chamber. Micro-object manipulation is separately tested with glass beads (80 μm diameter) using an air bubble in an aqueous medium. When a bubble is acoustically excited by a piezoactuator around its resonant frequency, a radiation force generated from it pulls and grasps neighboring glass beads. The grasping force is indirectly measured by exposing the glass beads grasped by an oscillating bubble to a stream flow generated by an auto-syringe pump in a mini-channel. By measuring the maximum speed of the flow when the grasped glass beads are detached from the oscillating bubble and washed downstream, the grasping force is calculated as 50 nN based on the Stokes drag approximation. Finally, manipulation of a fish egg (800 μm diameter) is achieved with the integration of both electromagnetic actuation and acoustic excitation using a millimeter sized square magnetic piece where a bubble is attached on the bottom surface. This micromanipulation technique can be applied to emerging applications such as micro devices assembly and single-cell manipulation.
Abstract 9697: Relation Between Measures of Ventricular Volume/Pressure and Myocardial Damage and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Response to Ranolazine (2021)

Introduction: Late sodium channel inhibition with ranolazine may beneficially impact coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). We hypothesized that markers of ventricular volume/pressure (N-terminal -pro BNP [NT-proBNP]) and myocardial damage (ultra-high sensitivity cardiac troponin I [u-hs-TnI]) are related to therapeutic response. Methods: We analyzed CMD response in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of ranolazine vs. placebo using invasive coronary function testing or non-invasively cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). NT pro-BNP and u-hs-TnI values were available in subgroups prior to trial enrollment. Treatment response was change in MPRI (Δ MPRI) or Seattle Angina Questionnaire, angina stability change (ΔSAQ). Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test were used. Results: Among 128 participants, 12 had NT pro-BNP and 20 had u-hs-TnI available. Median NT pro-BNP and u-hs-TnI were (66 pg/mL) and (0.71 pg/mL), respectively. Higher u-hs-TnI (0.87pg/mL) positively correlated with improved ΔMPRI (Table), but not ΔSAQ (r= 0.03 p=0.80). No significant correlations between NT pro-BNP and ΔMPRI (r= -0.09, p=0.58) or ΔSAQ (r=0.005, P=0.976) were observed. Conclusion: Our study finds that higher u-hs-TnI, a measure of myocardial damage, related to improved cMRI perfusion reserve to the late-sodium channel blocker ranolazine. These results suggest that CMD accompanied by existing myocardial damage, likely secondary to ischemia, may have more favorable response to anti-ischemic therapy. Further studies are needed to validate these results in a larger cohort.
MHC-Restricted B-Cell Antigen Presentation in Memory B-Cell Maintenance and Differentiation (2007)

Memory B-cell development, maintenance, and differentiation have been believed to be tightly regulated by T cells through major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II-restricted cognate interaction. However, recent studies have indicated that memory B cells are a heterogeneous population with various ontogeny and with derivations from T-cell-independent as well as T-cell-dependent response. In addition, several studies highlight T-cell-independent maintenance and differentiation of memory B cells by innate polyclonal stimuli associated with Toll-like-receptors (TLRs). Thus, both T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent mechanisms with possibly different physiological functions are required for maximal memory B-cell maintenance and differentiation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of memory B-cell maintenance and differentiation by re-examining the requirement for MHC-II-restricted B-cell antigen presentation based on our recent study in a mouse model that lacks MHC-II on memory B cells. We propose that MHC-II-restricted memory B-cell maintenance and differentiation are the indispensable mechanisms by which we achieve health and the maximum quality of memory response with specific antibody production, while preventing plasma cell differentiation from self-reactive memory B cells under the control of T-helper cells and possibly regulatory T cells.
Correlation of the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Air and of Mixtures of Oxygen and Nitrogen for Temperatures in the Range of 230 to 600 K at Pressures up to 200 Atm (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Air and of Mixtures of Oxygen and Nitrogen for Temperatures in the Range of 230 to 600 K at Pressures up to 200 AtmKraemer D. Luks, Patrick D. Fitzgibbon, and Julius T. BancheroCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1976, 15, 2, 326–332Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260058a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i260058a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Widefield two-photon excitation without scanning: live cell microscopy with high time resolution and low photo-bleaching (2014)

We demonstrate fluorescence imaging by two-photon excitation without scanning in biological specimens as previously described by Hwang and co-workers, but with an increased field size and with framing rates of up to 100 Hz. During recordings of synaptically-driven Ca$^{2+}$ events in primary rat neurone cultures loaded with the fluorescent Ca$^{2+}$ indicator Fluo-4 AM, we have observed greatly reduced photo-bleaching in comparison with single-photon excitation. This method, which requires no costly additions to the microscope, promises to be useful for work where high time-resolution is required.
Effect of Carbonate Anions on Quaternary Ammonium-Hydroxide Interaction (2019)

Currently, there are two main challenges in state-of-the-art anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs)—first, cation degradation in the presence of hydroxide anions; second, carbonation process during AEMFC operation. Both degradation and carbonation processes lead to a significant decrease in the ionic conductivity of the anion exchange membranes (AEMs), and, in turn, in the AEMFC performance. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to bring first insights into the contributing factors that lead to changes in the degradation of quaternary ammonium cations due to the presence of carbonate anions. Focusing on low hydration levels, we explore the behavior of benzyltrimethylammonium cation (BTMA+) in the presence of a mixture of hydroxide and carbonate anions at different water:cation ratios. Water is shown to have a stronger affinity toward carbonate than hydroxide. Thus, the introduction of carbonate anions effectively lowers the concentration of free hydroxide anions and thereby decreases the conductivity of the AEM. Lower hydration of the hydroxide anion, in turn, leads to higher coordination of hydroxide compared with carbonate around BTMA+, hence increasing the probability of degradation of the cation. Nonetheless, carbonate competes with hydroxide in its interaction with cation, leading to approximately 20% reduction in hydroxide coordination around the BTMA+ when carbonate is present. We examine in detail these two competing factors—steric shielding of BTMA+ by carbonate and effectively lower hydration of the hydroxide—which are critical for understanding the effect of carbonate on the stability of quaternary ammonium cations.
Analysis of dynamics of passive walking from storage energy and supply rate (2004)

Passive walking robot can dynamically walk down with natural gait by the interaction between walker's dynamics and environment (slope). This robot exhibits a stable limit cycle and its gait bifurcates for larger slope. Analysis of dynamics of passive walking may be useful for understanding human locomotion and development of walking machine. In this paper, we analyze dynamics of passive walking from the aspect of "storage energy" and "supply rate". We also demonstrate that a stable fixed point becomes unstable when 1-periodic gait turns 2-periodic.
Molecular analysis of mercury-induced antinucleolar antibodies in H-2S mice. (1994)

In H-2S mice, the administration of mercuric chloride results in the development of antinucleolar autoantibodies. These mice represent a valuable model to study the role of environmental factors in the development of systemic autoimmunity. We have obtained seven antinucleolar mAb from mercury-injected A.SW mice and characterized their specificities and V genes. All mAb immunoprecipitate the U3 and U8 ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP) and some (but not all) react with fibrillarin, the only currently characterized protein component of mammalian nucleolar RNP. Several VH and V kappa genes are recurrently used by these antinucleolar RNP mAb and their H chain CDR3 segments contain several acidic residues that may be important for binding to the cationic proteins composing the nucleolar RNP. Our results support the concept that in H-2S mice administration of mercury induces a specific loss of tolerance to nucleolar RNP.
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an extract of olibanum from Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. for use in dogs and horses (FEFANA asbl) (2022)

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of olibanum extract from <i>Boswellia serrata</i> Roxb. ex Colebr., when used as a sensory additive (flavouring) in feed for all dogs and horses. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive under assessment is safe for horses at the maximum proposed use level of 100 mg/kg in complete feed. For dogs, the calculated safe concentration in feed is 330 mg/kg complete feed. The additive is considered safe for consumers when used at the proposed conditions of use in horses. The additive under assessment should be considered as non-irritant to skin and eyes, but in the absence of data, no conclusion can be drawn on its potential to be a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the additive under the proposed conditions of use in feed for horses was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. <i>Boswellia</i> species and their preparations were recognised to flavour food. Since their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
Simulation and analysis of a self-propelling heat removal system using supercritical CO2 at different ambient temperatures (2021)

Innovative heat removal systems are currently investigated for use in existing and future nuclear power plants. One of them is the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO21) heat removal system, which is based on a closed Brayton cycle with sCO2 as a working fluid. This paper provides the design and layout of the sCO2 cycle based on assumptions developed in the project sCO2-4-NPP. The system is analysed over a wide range of ambient and steam-side conditions in ATHLET, using performance maps for the turbomachinery, which were designed recently. Bypasses are considered in the layout of the cycle to cope with special operation conditions, e.g. start-up. Different operational readiness states for the system are shown, which enable a fast start-up of the system. Air mass flow rate control is implemented to keep the compressor inlet temperature constant with controller parameters depending on the ambient temperature. The performance analysis of the system suggests that it is a good option to operate the system at the design compressor inlet temperature of 55 °C at any ambient or steam-side boundary condition. With decreasing thermal power input, the rotational speed of the turbomachinery must be decreased to keep the system self-propelling. Turbomachinery design with a higher surge margin is preferred and different operation strategies are feasible and need to be tested in interaction with the nuclear power plant. 1sCO2 is defined as carbon dioxide at supercritical conditions with p &gt; 73.8 bar and T &gt; 31 °C
Coffee melanoidins: structures, mechanisms of formation and potential health impacts (2012)

During the roasting process, coffee bean components undergo structural changes leading to the formation of melanoidins, which are defined as high molecular weight nitrogenous and brown-colored compounds. As coffee brew is one of the main sources of melanoidins in the human diet, their health implications are of great interest. In fact, several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticariogenic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiglycative activities, have been attributed to coffee melanoidins. To understand the potential of coffee melanoidin health benefits, it is essential to know their chemical structures. The studies undertaken to date dealing with the structural characterization of coffee melanoidins have shown that polysaccharides, proteins, and chlorogenic acids are involved in coffee melanoidin formation. However, exact structures of coffee melanoidins and mechanisms involved in their formation are far to be elucidated. This paper systematizes the available information and provides a critical overview of the knowledge obtained so far about the structure of coffee melanoidins, mechanisms of their formation, and their potential health implications.
L-tryptophan: a rational hypnotic with clinical potential (1977)

The author states that the use of the amino acid L-tryptophan as a hypnotic might avoid the problems of nonspecificity in the currently used CNS depressants because L-tryptophan is chosen on the basis of the chemistry of normal sleep rather than on a purely empirical basis. He reviews nine studies from his laboratory dealing with the effects of L-tryptophan on sleep. Studies in rats, normal human subjects, and subjects with mild insomnia all demonstrate that L-tryptophan reduces sleep latency. Polygraphic studies demonstrate that L-tryptophan, unlike hypnotics, does not produce distortions of sleep physiology when first administered, on long-term administration, or after withdrawal.