gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for the Characterisation of Thin Films for Advanced Photovoltaic Concepts (2009)

Highly developed and sophisticated production techniques of modern solar cells with functional optical elements show the need for a quick, precise, cost effective and operator-friendly characterisation technique. Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) can fulfil this task. Even though well established for a range of known materials, the application to new materials isn’t always straightforward. Since VASE is based on an iterative modelling process by optimisation of some figures of merit, there is a lot of experimental work to do to prove assumptions about the sample which must be made beforehand. In this work, we correlate PECVD deposition parameters with VASE model parameters and certain features of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SixC1-x:H). a-SixC1-x:H is a very versatile material that can be adapted to a very wide range of concepts to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells. To prove this, we show the production of a Bragg filter consisting of ten alternating layers of this material.
Treatment of small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with the oral solution of VP-16-213 (NSC 141540, 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-0-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside) (1977)

The semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative VP-16-213 (NSC 141540) has been evaluated in a phase II study in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The drug was administered as an oral solution, the drinking ampoule, in doses of 100 mg twice a day for 4 days in 30 patients previously treated with intensive combination chemotherapy and for 5 days in 10 untreated patients. The courses were repeated every third week with dose modifications according to individual tolerance. All patients had measurable disease and objective responses were obtained in 20 patients (50%), 15 previously treated (50%) and 5 untreated patients (50%). The median time for response after the start of treatment was 15 days (range 6–42) and the median duration of response was 56 days (range 16–147). Dose-limiting toxicity was principally hematologic, consisting of leukopenia, but gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were also observed. The study demonstrated that VP-16-213 administered as an oral solution is highly effective against small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung without clinical cross-resistance to CCNU, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or vincristine. Cancer 40:633–637, 1977.
Ariensin, a New Lignan fromBursera ariensis (1983)

From acetone extracts of the exudate of the tree Bursera ariensis, a new bilignan, named ariensin, has been isolated and characterized as (2R,3R)-bis-2.3-(3.4-methylenedioxybenzyl-)-1.4-butanediol diacetate. The structure has been determined from UV, IR, (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR data of the natural product, the dibromo derivative and the hydrolysis product. The optical rotation of the latter allowed the determination of the absolute configuration.
Aeromonas species obtained from different farmed aquatic species in India and Taiwan show high phenotypic relatedness despite species diversity (2021)

API 20NE biochemical phenotyping showed ≥ 90% similarity classifying all isolates as Aeromonas hydrophila. 16S rRNA genotyping showed ≥ 98% homology among all isolates with A. sobria (NR119044.1ATCC), A. veronii (MK990549.1), A. caviae (NR029252.1) and A. hydrophila (MG984625.1ATCC) and other reference strains. In contrast, gyrB showed a higher intraspecies diversity (≥ 96%) than 16S rRNA delineating the 28 isolates into three groups. Group-I consisted of seven Indian isolates clustered with A. sobria (MK484163.1ATCC), group-II comprised of five Indian and two Taiwanese isolates clustered with A. veronii AF417626.1ATCC while group-III had 11 Indian and three Taiwanese isolates grouped with A. hydrophila (AY987520.1 and DQ519366.1) reference strains. None of our isolates clustered with A. caviae (AJ868400.1ATCC) reference strain. These findings suggest that A. sobria, A. veronii and A. hydrophila could be the etiological agents of diseases observed in farmed fish and soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) examined in this study. Overall, our findings accentuate the importance of combining phenotyping with genotyping for correct taxonomic classification of Aeromonas spp. in Aquaculture.
PURIFIED CARBON NANOPARTICLES INVESTIGATED WITH HREM AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (1996)

Previous studies of fullerene-related materials (nanotubes, onions, etc.) have been almost exclusively performed with electron microscopy methods due to the heterogeneous character of the deposits produced in the electric arc. We report Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes which have been purified following the procedure of Ebbesen et al. The purity of the sample has been confirmed by high-resolution electron microscopy. The Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 10–12 nm show very little disorder-induced scattering and no curvature-induced phonon softening, in contrast to unpurified material which contains a large number of carbon nanoparticles. These experimental findings are confirmed by lattice-dynamical calculations. Preliminary low-loss EELS measurements on nanotubes reveal significant differences for the graphite interband transition and collective valence-electron plasmon excitation, which are attributed to the cylindrical structure of the nanotubes.
Controlled grafting of vinylic monomers on polyolefins: a robust mathematical modeling approach (2016)

Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses were used for controlling melt free-radical grafting of vinylic monomers on polyolefins and, thereby, reducing the disturbance of undesired cross-linking of polyolefins. Response surface, desirability function, and artificial intelligence methodologies were blended to modeling/optimization of grafting reaction in terms of vinylic monomer content, peroxide initiator concentration, and melt-processing time. An in-house code was developed based on artificial neural network that learns and mimics processing torque and grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) typical vinylic monomer on high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Application of response surface and desirability function enabled concurrent optimization of processing torque and GMA grafting on HDPE, through which we quantified for the first time competition between parallel reactions taking place during melt processing: (i) desirable grafting of GMA on HDPE; (ii) undesirable cross-linking of HDPE. The proposed robust mathematical modeling approach can precisely learn the behavior of grafting reaction of vinylic monomers on polyolefins and be placed into practice in finding exact operating condition needed for efficient grafting of reactive monomers on polyolefins.
Decentralized Learning in Healthcare: A Review of Emerging Techniques (2023)

Recent developments in deep learning have contributed to numerous success stories in healthcare. The performance of a deep learning model generally improves with the size of the training data. However, there are privacy, ownership, and regulatory issues that prevent combining medical data into traditional centralized storage. Decentralized learning approaches enable collaborative model training by distributing the learning process among several nodes or devices. Conceptually, decentralized learning builds on earlier work in distributed optimization, but the focus of this paper is on recent and emerging techniques such as Federated Learning (FL), Split Learning (SL), and hybrid Split-Federated Learning (SFL). With common, universal deep learning models and centralized aggregator servers, FL overcomes the difficulties of centralized training. Additionally, patient data remains at the local party, upholding the security and anonymity of the data. SL enables machine learning without directly accessing data on clients or end devices. It further enhances privacy in a decentralized setting and mitigates clients’ storage issues. In this survey, we first provide a contemporary survey of FL, SL, and SFL approaches. Second, we discuss their state-of-the-art applications in healthcare, particularly in medical image analysis. Third, we review these emerging decentralized learning approaches under challenging conditions such as statistical and system heterogeneity, privacy preservation, communication efficiency, fairness, etc. Then, we address existing approaches to tackle these challenges. We detail unique complications related to healthcare applications including data, privacy and security, and communication challenges. Finally, we outline potential areas for further research on emerging decentralized learning techniques in healthcare, including developing personalized models, reducing bias, incorporating hybrid non-IID features, hyperparameter tuning, developing sufficient incentive mechanisms, and incorporating domain expertise knowledge.
Time-Resolved, Single-Molecule, Correlated Chemical Probing of RNA (2020)

Capturing the folding dynamics of large, functionally important RNAs has relied primarily on global measurements of structure or on per-nucleotide chemical probing. These approaches infer, but do not directly measure, through-space structural interactions. Here we introduce trimethyloxonium (TMO) as a chemical probe for RNA. TMO alkylates RNA at high levels in seconds, and thereby enables time-resolved, single-molecule, through-space probing of RNA folding using the RING-MaP correlated chemical probing framework. Time-resolved correlations in the RNase P RNA-a functional RNA with a complex structure stabilized by multiple noncanonical interactions-revealed that a long-range tertiary interaction guides native RNA folding for both secondary and tertiary structure. This unanticipated nonhierarchical folding mechanism was directly validated by examining the consequences of concise disruption of the through-space interaction. Single-molecule, time-resolved RNA structure probing with TMO is poised to reveal a wide range of dynamic RNA folding processes and principles of RNA folding.
Differential Expression Patterns of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Mediators During Atherogenesis in Mice (2004)

Atherosclerosis might result from an imbalance between pro- and antiinflammatory mediators in response to endothelial injury induced by cholesterol-rich diet. These data provide important information on the expression kinetics of inflammatory mediators and point out the possible role of antiinflammatory cells during atherogenesis.
Fault tolerance under UNIX (1989)

The initial design for a distributed, fault-tolerant version of UNIX based on three-way atomic message transmission was presented in an earlier paper [3]. The implementation effort then moved from Auragen Systems 1 to Nixdorf Computer where it was completed. This paper describes the working system, now known as the TARGON/32. The original design left open questions in at least two areas: fault tolerance for server processes and recovery after a crash were briefly and inaccurately sketched, rebackup after recovery was not discussed at all. The fundamental design involving three-way message transmission has remained unchanged. However, in addition to important changes in the implementation, server backup has been redesigned and is now more consistent with that of normal user processes. Recovery and rebackup have been completed in a less centralized and thus more efficient manner than previously envisioned. In this paper we review important aspects of the original design and note how the implementation differs from our original ideas. We then focus on the backup and recovery for server processes and the changes and additions in the design and implementation of recovery and rebackup.
Cutting Dynamics in Machine Tool Chatter: Contribution to Machine-Tool Chatter Research—3 (1965)

This is one of four papers presented simultaneously on the general subject of chatter. This work is concerned with finding a representation of the dynamic metal-cutting process which is suitable for use in a linear closed-loop theory of stability of the system composed of the machine tool structure, the cutting process, and their means of combining. Measuring techniques for experimentally determining this behavior are discussed and some problems in the dynamic measurement of forces are explored. It is found that it is not at all sufficient to simply build a dynamometer whose lowest natural frequency is well beyond the range of interest. It is also shown that dynamic cross sensitivity can far exceed static cross sensitivity so that a more general technique for data correction developed in the present work must be used to calibrate dynamic force data. Results obtained to date with an oscillating tool and a flat uncut surface show that some phase, increasing with frequency, is always present between the dynamic cutting forces and the oscillatory uncut chip thickness. This phase is different for the two components of the resultant cutting force. It is felt that two mechanisms, both associated with the tool clearance flank, can explain most of the dynamic cutting effects found in testing.
MIMO Precoding and Combining Solutions for Millimeter-Wave Systems (2014)

Millimeter-wave communication is one way to alleviate the spectrum gridlock at lower frequencies while simultaneously providing high-bandwidth communication channels. MmWave makes use of MIMO through large antenna arrays at both the base station and the mobile station to provide sufficient received signal power. This article explains how beamforming and precoding are different in MIMO mmWave systems than in their lower-frequency counterparts, due to different hardware constraints and channel characteristics. Two potential architectures are reviewed: hybrid analog/digital precoding/combining and combining with low-resolution analog- to-digital converters. The potential gains and design challenges for these strategies are discussed, and future research directions are highlighted.
Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency–induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors (2016)

Regulatory T (T reg) cell deficiency causes lethal, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Stem cell transplantation is used to treat these diseases, but this procedure is limited by the availability of a suitable donor. The intestinal microbiota drives host immune homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and expansion of T reg, Th1, and Th2 cells. It is currently unclear if T reg cell deficiency-mediated autoimmune disorders can be treated by targeting the enteric microbiota. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T reg cell deficiency results in gut microbial dysbiosis and autoimmunity over the lifespan of scurfy (SF) mouse. Remodeling microbiota with Lactobacillus reuteri prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan inflammation in SF mice. L. reuteri changed the metabolomic profile disrupted by T reg cell deficiency, and a major effect was to restore levels of the purine metabolite inosine. Feeding inosine itself prolonged life and inhibited multiorgan inflammation by reducing Th1/Th2 cells and their associated cytokines. Mechanistically, the inhibition of inosine on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro depended on adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptors, which were also required for the efficacy of inosine and of L. reuteri in vivo. These results reveal that the microbiota-inosine-A<sub>2A</sub> receptor axis might represent a potential avenue for combatting autoimmune diseases mediated by T reg cell dysfunction.
Elevated Fasting Plasma Ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome Adults Is Not Solely Explained by Their Reduced Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance (2004)

Plasma ghrelin is elevated in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). This might contribute to obesity or GH deficiency in such patients. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance are reduced in PWS, which might lead to hyperghrelinemia. We measured fasting plasma ghrelin in control female (n = 39), PWS female (n = 12), and PWS male (n = 6) adults. In controls and PWS, ghrelin was negatively correlated with visceral adiposity, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model insulin resistance index. There was no significant correlation with serum IGF-I in PWS. In stepwise linear regression, visceral adiposity (P < 0.02) had a stronger inverse correlation with ghrelin than sc fat depots in controls and PWS, possibly through hyperinsulinemia, as the correlations with insulin resistance were even stronger (P < 0.01). PWS females had significantly (P < 0.001) elevated ghrelin (mean +/- SD, 661 +/- 360 pg/ml), compared with both nonobese (363 +/- 163) and obese (191 +/- 66) controls. Ghrelin was increased 3.4- to 3.6-fold in PWS females adjusting for total adiposity, 3.2- to 3.4-fold adjusting for visceral adiposity, and 3.0-fold adjusting for insulin resistance. Fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 was normal in PWS females. The hyperghrelinemia in PWS adults is therefore not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and relative hypoinsulinemia. Its cause and consequences await further elucidation.
Mapping of frustrated spin systems into percolation models and Monte Carlo cluster dynamics (1996)

A criterion is introduced to find solutions for the mapping of Ising spin systems into generalized percolation models through the extension of the Kasteleyn - Fortuin technique, and specific application to the 2D triangular fully frustrated Ising model is given. The clusters of generalized percolation, selected according to a general scheme, give the way to implement efficient Monte Carlo (MC) cluster dynamics for frustrated Ising spin systems, and the study of their geometric properties suggests the understanding of MC performances.
Isolation of isoflavones inhibiting dopa decarboxylase from fungi and streptomyces. (1975)

By screening of culture filtrates of fungi and streptomyces for activity in inhibit dopa decarboxylase the following isoflavone compounds were obtained: psi-tectorigenen (I), genistein (II), orobol (IV), 8-hydroxygenistein (V) and a new compound (III). III was elucidated to be 3', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxy-8methoxy isoflavone. Among these isoflavones, IV and III showed the strongest activity in inhibiting dopa decarboxylase. All these isoflavones also inhibited histidine decarboxylase and catechol-O-methyltrasnferase. Activities of these compounds to inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were examined. Orobol which showed no or only slight inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase exhibited a significant hypotensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Startup strategy design and safeguarding of industrial adiabatic tubular reactor systems (1996)

Abstract The safeguarding methodology of chemical plants is usually based on controlling the instantaneous values of process state variables within a certain operating window, the process being brought to shutdown when operating constraints are exceeded. This method does not necessarily prevent chemical reactors suffering from a runaway during dynamic operations because (a) excessive amounts of unreacted chemicals can still accumulate in the process, and (b) no means are provided to the operating personnel to identify hazardous process deviations. A model‐based startup and safeguarding procedure is developed for an industrial adiabatic tubular reactor to improve process safety during startup. The trajectories of manipulated variables are calculated by minimizing the amount of one of the main reactants in the reactor effuent. It is concluded that proper control of the initial reactor temperature profile is critical for a safe startup while the impact of other manipulated variables is relatively smaller than that of the initial reactor temperature profile.
Coherent Beam Combining Element for Five 150-W Fiber Lasers by Volume Bragg Gratings in PTR Glass (2011)

Abstract : A compact beam combiner based on multiplexed volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass was demonstrated. This element was designed to provide efficient superposition of 5 coherent beams from 150 W fiber amplifiers operating at the testbed developed at AFRL (KAFB). Five VBGs were multiplexed in a PTR glass wafer in such a way that they have common (degenerate) Bragg angle. Thus it will take the 5 beams which are incident from 5 different angles and superimpose the 5 beams on top of each other in space and the direction that correspond to a common Bragg angle. In contrary, when it is illuminated by a single laser beam from the opposite direction, it split this beam into 5-channels.
Sex hormone-binding globulin is more than a sex steroid carrier: a New therapeutic target against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Symbol Message Passing Decoding of Nonbinary Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2019)

We present a novel decoding algorithm for q-ary low-density parity- check codes, termed symbol message passing. The proposed algorithm can be seen as a generalization of Gallager B and the binary message passing algorithm by Lechner et al. to q-ary codes. We derive density evolution equations for the q-ary symmetric channel, compute thresholds for a number of regular low-density parity-check code ensembles, and verify those by Monte Carlo simulations of long channel codes. The proposed algorithm shows performance advantages with respect to an algorithm of comparable complexity from the literature.
Effect of Flour-Oil Composite as Powdered Fat Source in Low-Fat Cake Mixes (2012)

The use of flour-oil composites as a source of fat in dry cake mixes was investigated. Wheat flour and canola oil were jet-cooked under excess steam to form composites. The composites were drum dried and milled to form a free flowing powder with 33 to 56% oil. The dried composites were used to replace fat, and part of flour in low-fat cake mix formulations. Specific gravity of cake batters was measured. The cakes were analyzed for crumb grain, color, texture, and water activity. The effects of storage were determined by evaluating cakes stored for 1, 4, and 7 days at ambient temperature. Cakes made with the composites were softer and had more spring as measured by the texture analyzer. Similar differences in texture were observed with cakes stored for a week. The cakes made with composites retained their softness and moisture better than control cakes made with equivalent flour and oil. The composites have great potential for delivery of fat in a dried form in bake mixes. High oil composites in dry form offer new avenues for its applications in food industry. This study provides the development of complete bake mixes by delivering fat in a dry form.
Emery-Dreifuss syndrome (1997)

Emery-Dreifuss syndrome is a heterogeneous entity characterized by the following clinical triad: early contracture of the elbows. Achilles tendons and postcervical muscles; slowly progressive muscle wasting and weakness with a humeroperoneal distribution early in the course of disease; and a cardiomyopathy usually presenting as an atrioventricular block ranging from sinus bradycardia to complete heart block. As the heart block is the major problem, insertion of a cardiac pacemaker can be life saving. Recent advances through genetic and immunochemical studies have provided valuable clues to the understanding and the early diagnosis of this disease.
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE OF BINARY Al-Li ALLOY : I-EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND MECHANICAL MODELIZATION (1987)

Three types of binary aluminium-lithium alloy are tested : the solid solution at 0.7 wt % Li and alloys at 2.5 wt % Li with under- and overcritical δ' precipitates. Symmetrical torsion tests are run on tube shape specimens. The results display mechanical hysteresis and hardening-softening ; for one alloy some instabilities appear. A temporary modelization is made in the frame of the discrete memory constitutive scheme.