gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of primary (1°) site and molecular features with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (αEGFR) therapy. (2016)

3506 Background: CRCs originating in the right colon (RC) have features distinct from those in the rectum/left colon, including more frequent CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP-High) and BRAF mutation (MT). Prognosis and response to therapies, including αEGFR regimens, differ dramatically by 1° site in mCRC, but pathobiologic explanations remain unclear. Methods: 198 KRAS wild-type (WT) mCRC tumors were tested for CIMP status via bisulfite pyrosequencing and PCR amplification. BRAF and NRAS were sequenced. PFS on first αEGFR regimen was retrospectively determined in 167 patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with multiple imputations were performed. Tumors from 179 independent CRC patients were tested for promoter methylation (Illumina HumanMethylation450) and gene expression. Results: Inferior PFS with αEGFR therapy was associated with RC CRC (HR = 1.56, CI 1.01-2.41), CIMP-High (HR = 2.38, 1.47-3.85), BRAF MT (HR = 2.15, 1.26-3.65), and NRAS MT (HR = 2.11, 1.23-3.65). On multivariate analysis, CIMP status (p = 0.041), BRAF MT (p = 0.038), and NRAS MT (p = 0.012) remained significant, but 1° site did not (p = 0.27). Inferior OS was associated with RC CRC (HR = 1.45, 1.04-2.01), CIMP-High (HR = 1.53, 1.08-2.16), BRAF MT (HR = 2.46, 1.61-3.75), and NRAS MT (HR = 1.70, 1.03-2.81). RC 1° site was also associated with CIMP-High (OR = 2.35, 1.22-4.54) and BRAF MT (OR = 5.45, 2.47-12.03). Independent data from MDACC and TCGA showed RC 1° site and CIMP-High were both strongly associated with hypermethylation of promoters and suppression of expression of the EGFR ligands EREG and AREG. 1° site was also strongly associated with consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) 1 and 3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.03), which were previously shown in mCRC patients to have worse outcomes than the ‘classic' CMS2 subtype. Conclusions: CRC 1° site is associated with OS and PFS after αEGFR therapy. Molecular analyses suggest that BRAF MT, NRAS MT, molecular subtypes, and tumor methylation account for the effect and may provide a biologic explanation for the association with anatomic location.
Supplementary Figure S1, Table S1, and Table S2 from RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Related to Figure 1. Characterization of FAP-drozitumab BsAbs and antitumor efficacy in the presence of FAP-expressing fibroblasts in in vitro co-culture models; Table S1. BsAb binding to DR5 and FAP antigens; Table S2. Anti-tumor efficacy of FAP-drozitumab bispecific molecules is FAPdependent.&lt;/p&gt;
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and bromide in aqueous solutions containing urea and several alkylureas: a differential scanning calorimetric study (1992)

With increase to the concentration of urea over the range 0 ⩽[urea]/mol dm–3⩽ 3.0, the extremum in the differential heat capacity, δCp, of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB; aq; 0.02 mol dm–3; reference, water) moves from 45 °C to lower temperatures and the associated enthalpy change characterising cluster reorganisation decreases. Addition of ethylurea to this CTAB solution produces a more dramatic shift in the extremum; the effect is even more striking when 1, 3-diethylurea is added. Addition of other alkylureas including, 1,1-diethylurea both shifts the extremum in δCp and reduces its magnitude. A similar pattern emerges for aqueous solutions containing hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). The effect of these ureas on CTAB(aq) is attributed to adsorption and penetration of the alkylureas into the CTAB micelles and clusters.
Autotaxin (NPP-2), a metastasis-enhancing motogen, is an angiogenic factor. (2001)

Autotaxin [ATX (NPP-2)], originally isolated as a tumor motility-stimulating protein, has recently been shown to augment tumor aggressiveness. Specifically, atx-transfected, ras-transformed NIH3T3 cell lines have been shown to be more invasive, tumorigenic, and metastatic than mock-transfected ras-transformed control cells. In addition, the atx-transfected ras-transformed cell lines appeared to produce tumors that were much more hyperemic than those formed by appropriate control cells. This observation led to the present study, in which we demonstrate that ATX modulates angiogenesis both directly and indirectly. We have used a murine in vivo angiogenesis model in which treated Matrigel plugs are injected s.c. into athymic nude BALB/c mice. Using the same transfected cell lines as before, we found that mixing atx-transfected ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells into the Matrigel resulted in greater new blood vessel formation than control cells. Similarly, mixing purified ATX into the Matrigel resulted in new blood vessel formation within the plug, similar to that produced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Mechanistically, ATX is not a strong chemoattractant for human endothelial cells (HUVECs); however, it strongly stimulates motility in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. In addition, ATX stimulates HUVECs grown on Matrigel to form tubules, much like vascular endothelial growth factor. Both of these normal cell types are shown to express and secrete ATX. In HUVECs, ATX expression is up-regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor in a time-dependent manner. This up-regulation also extends to secretion of enzymatically active protein, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis and quantification of type-1 phosphodiesterase activity. These results establish the presence of ATX in HUVECs and coronary artery smooth muscle cells and specify ATX as a novel angiogenic factor, suggesting that ATX could contribute to the metastatic cascade through multiple mechanisms, perhaps by supporting an invasive microenvironment for both normal and tumor cells.
Efficient production of single-chain fragment variable-based N-terminal trimerbodies in Pichia pastoris (2014)

P. pastoris is an efficient expression system for multivalent trimerbody molecules, suitable for their commercial production.
Advanced Engineering Tools for Structural Analysis of Advanced Power Plants Application to the GE ESBWR Design (2002)

Experience in the design of nuclear reactors for power generation shows that the plant structures and buildings involved are one of the major contributors to plant capital investment. Consequently, the design of theses elements must be optimised if cost reductions in future reactors are to be achieved. The benefits of using the 'Best Estimate Approach' are well known in the area of core and systems design. This consists in developing accurate models of a plant's phenomenology and behaviour, minimising the margins. Different safety margins have been applied in the past when performing structural analyses. Three of these margins can be identified: - increasing the value of the load by a factor that depends on the load frequency; - decreasing the resistance of the structure's resistance, and - safety margins introduced through two step analysis. The first two type of margins are established in the applicable codes in order to provide design safety margins. The third one derives from limitations in tools which, in the past, did not allow obtaining an accurate model in which both the dynamic and static loads could be evaluated simultaneously. Nowadays, improvements in hardware and software have eliminated the need for two-step calculations in structural analysismore » (dynamic plus static), allowing the creation one-through finite element models in which all loads, both dynamic and static, are combined without the determination of the equivalent static loads from the dynamic loads. This paper summarizes how these models and methods have been applied to optimize the Reactor Building structural design of the General Electric (GE) ESBWR Passive Plant. The work has focused on three areas: - the design of the Gravity Driven Cooling System (GDCS) Pools as pressure boundary between the Drywell and the Wet-well; - the evaluation of the thickness of the Reactor Building foundation slab, and - the global structural evaluation of the Reactor Building.« less
Dynamic Ride-Sharing and Optimal Fleet Sizing for a System of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (2015)

Shared autonomous (fully-automated) vehicles (SAVs) represent an emerging transportation mode for driverless and on-demand transport. Early actors include Google and Europe’s CityMobil2, who are seeking early pilot deployments in low-speed settings. This work seeks to understand SAVs’ potential for U.S. urban areas via multiple applications across the Austin, Texas, network. This work describes advances to existing agent- and network-based SAV simulations by enabling dynamic ride-sharing (DRS, to pool multiple travelers with similar origins, destinations and departure times in the same vehicle), optimizing fleet sizing, and anticipating profitability for operators in settings with no speed limitations on the vehicles and at adoption levels below 10 percent of all personal trip-making in the region. Results suggest that DRS reduces total service times (wait times plus in-vehicle travel times) and travel costs for SAV users, even after accounting for extra passenger pick-ups, drop-offs and non-direct routings. While the base-case scenario (serving 56,324 person-trips per day, on average) showed that a fleet of SAVs allowing for DRS may result in vehicle-miles traveled that exceed person-trip miles demanded (due to anticipatory relocations of empty vehicles, between trip calls), it is possible to reduce overall VMT as trip-making intensity (SAV membership) rises and/or DRS users become more flexible in their trip timing and routing. Finally, these simulation results suggest that a private fleet operator paying $70,000 per new SAV could earn a 19% annual (long-term) return on investment while offering SAV services at $1.00 per mile of a non-shared trip (which is less than a third of Austin’s average taxi cab fares).
A hypervisor-based system for protecting software runtime memory and persistent storage (2008)

An important goal of software security is to ensure sensitive/secret data owned by a program shall be exclusively accessible by the program. An obstacle to such security goal is that modern commodity operating systems (OS) for the sake of speed and flexibility have a unified linear address space--any OS kernel program can access all the linear addresses. As a result, rootkits or malicious system software are able to control the OS virtual address space, harvest the sensitive data used by software programs on the compromised computer, and report the data to remote entities controlled by hackers.In this paper, we present a holistic approach against sophisticated malware. Instead of focusing on the security of various abstraction layers of OS, we utilize the hardware techniques to directly provide the trust services to software programs. Without modifying OS, we leverage the virtual machine monitor technologies to create a lightweight hypervisor for fine-grain software runtime memory protection. As a result, a program's memory could be hidden from other high privilege system software in a single commodity OS. In addition, we propose the data locker component in the hypervisor, which prevents the sensitive data of software program in persistent storage from leaking to rootkits or other malware. For the performance evaluation, the implementation based on hardware-assisted x86 virtualization technology is presented and experimental results are reported.
Affinity in Radioimmunoassay of Antibody Cross-Reactive with Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Colon Carcinoma Antigen-III (CCA-III) (1977)

Abstract Several antisera raised against purified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were evaluated for their content of antibody cross-reactive with colon carcinoma antigen-III (CCA-III). All antisera gave a reaction of partial identity between CEA and CCA-III and demonstrated a high titer in CEA radioimmunoassay (RIA). Between 50 and 70% of the CEA RIA activity was removed, however, by absorption with soluble CCA-III or adsorption onto CCA-III-containing immunoadsorbents. Immunoadsorbent retained antibody gave a line of complete identity between CEA and CCA-III. Purified CCA-III (2 µg) only partially depressed CEA binding by this common site antibody, whereas nanogram quantities of CCA-III inhibited the reaction between specific CCA-III antibody and radioiodinated CCA-III. In addition, low levels of CEA were equally effective in depressing CEA binding by the common site or CEA-specific antibody. The higher affinity in RIA of the common site antibody for CEA over CCA-III suggests that the common determinant expressed on CEA is stereochemically different from that on CCA-III. The results further demonstrate that interference by plasma CCA-III is not a significant factor in the measurement of CEA by RIA.
Hormonal responses during prolonged exercise are influenced by a selective DA/NA reuptake inhibitor (2004)

From the present results, we can conclude that bupropion had a more marked central noradrenergic effect (compared to dopaminergic) on the hormonal response to exercise, but no effect on the outcome of performance.
Waveguide-to-Microstrip Antipodal Finline Transition at W Band (2013)

This paper researched the waveguide-to-microstrip antipodal finline transition at W band, analyzed and simulated antipodal finline transition of Cosine-squared taper function curve and flexible spline curve, designed and fabricated an spline curve antipodal finline transition of back-to-back structure. The measured results show that the insertion loss is less than 1.3dB, and the return loss is less than -13dB in whole W-band, the insertion loss of a single transition is less than 1.0dB, and the return loss is less than -20dB in 90GHz~ 99GHz, achieve good performance. It can provide low transitions between the wave guide and micro strip line. It is loss easy designing and machining, it achieve good performance in a wide band range. It is useful to design circuit in W-band.
Online monitoring of substation grounding grid conditions using touch and step voltage sensors (2013)

Summary form only given: A grounding grid of a substation is essential for reducing the ground potential rises inside and outside the substation during a short-circuit event. The performance of a grounding grid is affected by a number of factors, such as the soil conductivity and grounding rod corrosion. Industry always has a strong desire for a reliable and cost-effective method to monitor the condition of a grounding grid to ensure personnel safety and prevent equipments damage. In view of the increased adoption of telecom and sensor technologies in power industry through the smart grid initiative, this paper proposes an online condition monitoring scheme for grounding grids. The scheme monitors touch and step voltages in a substation through a sensor network. The voltages are created by a continuously-injected, controllable test current, which is generated by a pair of thyristors. The results are transmitted to a database through wireless telecommunication.
10 fs, high temporal contrast front-end for PW class laser system (2007)

Summary form only given. A laser front-end delivering 10-fs pulses and exhibiting a temporal contrast higher than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> will be presented. The system is based on CPA in TiSa and on cross-polarized-wave generation for contrast improvement and pulse shortening.
Triindole-Tris-Alkynyl-Bridged Trinuclear Gold(I) Complexes for Cooperative Supramolecular Self-Assembly and Small-Molecule Solution-Processable Resistive Memories (2017)

A novel class of luminescent trinuclear alkynylgold(I) complexes with N-alkyl substituted triindole ligands has been synthesized and characterized. They are found to exhibit rich photophysical and electrochemical properties. The complexes have been demonstrated to display interesting supramolecular assembly with spherical nanostructures in aqueous THF solution through a cooperative growth mechanism. The self-assembly process is shown to be mediated by the π-π stacking interactions and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions of the triindole moieties upon solvent modulation. These gold(I) complexes have been employed as active materials in the fabrication of solution-processable resistive memory devices, showing promising binary memory performances with low switching threshold voltages of ca. 1.5 V, high ON/OFF current ratio of up to 10<sup>5</sup>, long retention time of over 10<sup>4</sup> s, and excellent stability. The present work opens up a new avenue for the future design of versatile organogold(I) complexes that could serve as multifunctional materials.
Viola barceloi Nyman, V. barceloi L. Chodat and V. suavis var. barceloi O. Bolós & Vigo: too many eponyms or too many taxa? (2000)

Summary Mus, M., Sáez, L. &amp; Rosselló, J. A.: Viola barceloi Nyman, V. barceloi L. Chodat and V. suavis var. barceloi O. Bolós &amp; Vigo: too many eponyms or too many taxa? – Taxon 49: 785–788. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262. The type specimens of three names of taxa of Viola described from Mallorca (Balearic Islands) bearing the epithet barceloi have been studied. The lectotype of Viola barceloi Nyman and the holotype of V. suavis M. Bieb. var. barceloi O. Bolós &amp; Vigo cannot be distinguished from V. alba Besser s.l. A neotype is chosen for V. barceloi L. Chodat (= V. × balearica Rosselló et al.), which is believed to be the natural hybrid between V. jaubertiana Marès &amp; Vigineix and V. alba.
Modulation of protein kinetics in chronic renal failure. (1997)

Many factors are involved in inducing muscle wasting and derangements of protein metabolism in chronic renal failure. Anorexia, low protein intake, hormonal abnormalities (increased cortisol and parathyroid hormone secretion, and insulin resistance), acidosis, abnormalities of the cytokine system, and other unidentified uremic toxins create a negative nitrogen balance and stimulate protein catabolism. The protein turnover rate (i.e., synthesis and degradation) is generally decreased in non-acidotic uremic patients. However, in uncorrected acidosis, protein degradation is accelerated and a rapid loss of body proteins supervenes. Nutrition can be improved in chronically uremic patients through pharmacological therapy that can control protein catabolism. Administration of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 has been shown to be effective. These hormones influence both glucose and glutamine metabolism. Another approach is the administration of pentoxifylline, which may have an anticatabolic effect by interfering with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system.
Data from Diagnosis of Pseudoprogression Following Lomustine–Temozolomide Chemoradiation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients Using FET-PET (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The CeTeG/NOA-09 phase III trial demonstrated a significant survival benefit of lomustine–temozolomide chemoradiation in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated O&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. Following lomustine–temozolomide chemoradiation, late and prolonged pseudoprogression may occur. We here evaluated the value of amino acid PET using O-(2-[&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET) for differentiating pseudoprogression from tumor progression.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We retrospectively identified patients (i) who were treated off-study according to the CeTeG/NOA-09 protocol, (ii) had equivocal MRI findings after radiotherapy, and (iii) underwent additional FET-PET imaging for diagnostic evaluation (number of scans, 1–3). Maximum and mean tumor-to-brain ratios (TBR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, TBR&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt;) and dynamic FET uptake parameters (e.g., time-to-peak) were calculated. In patients with more than one FET-PET scan, relative changes of TBR values were evaluated, that is, an increase or decrease of &gt;10% compared with the reference scan was considered as tumor progression or pseudoprogression. Diagnostic performances were evaluated using ROC curve analyses and Fisher exact test. Diagnoses were confirmed histologically or clinicoradiologically.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We identified 23 patients with 32 FET-PET scans. Within 5–25 weeks after radiotherapy (median time, 9 weeks), pseudoprogression occurred in 11 patients (48%). The parameter TBR&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt; calculated from the FET-PET performed 10 ± 7 days after the equivocal MRI showed the highest accuracy (87%) to identify pseudoprogression (threshold, &lt;1.95; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029). The integration of relative changes of TBR&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt; further improved the accuracy (91%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the combination of static and dynamic parameters increased the specificity to 100% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The data suggest that FET-PET parameters are of significant clinical value to diagnose pseudoprogression related to lomustine–temozolomide chemoradiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Murine model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa generated by targeted deletion at codon 307 of the rds-peripherin gene (2002)

We introduced a targeted single base deletion at codon 307 of the rds-peripherin gene in mice, similar mutations being known to cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in man. Histopathological and electroretinographic analysis indicate that the retinopathy in mice homozygous for the codon 307 mutation appears more rapid than that in the naturally occurring null mutant, the rds(-/-) mouse, suggesting that the rds-307 mutation displays a dominant negative phenotype in combination with that due to haplosufficiency. RP is the most prevalent cause of registered visual handicap in those of working age in developed countries, the 50 or so mutations so far identified within the RDS-peripherin gene accounting for up to 10% of dominant cases of the disease. Given the sequence homologies that exist between the murine rds-peripherin and the human RDS-peripherin gene, this disease model, the first to be generated for peripherin-based RP using gene targeting techniques, should in principle be of value in the work-up in mice of therapeutics capable of targeting transcripts derived from the human gene.
Symposium on Electrochemical and Thermal Modeling of Battery, Fuel Cell, and Photoenergy Conversion Systems, San Diego, CA, Oct. 20-22, 1986, Proceedings (1986)

Papers are presented on modeling of the zinc chlorine battery, design modeling of zinc/bromine battery systems, the modeling of aluminum-air battery systems, and a point defect model for a nickel electrode structure. Also considered are the impedance of a tubular electrode under laminar flow, mathematical modeling of a LiAl/Cl2 cell with a gas diffusion Cl2 electrode, ultrahigh power batteries, and battery thermal modeling. Other topics include an Na/beta-alumina/NaAlCl4, Cl2/C circulating cell, leakage currents in electrochemical systems having common electrodes, modeling for CO poisoning of a fuel cell anode, electrochemical corrosion of carbonaceous materials, and electrolyte management in molten carbonate fuel cells.
Some studies on the reaction of apatite with soda ash and quartz (1982)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.