gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Organelle RNA Recognition Motif Protein is Required for Photosynthetic Subunit psbF Transcript Editing (2017)

Loss-of-function mutations in ORGANELLE RNA RECOGNITION MOTIF PROTEIN6 (ORRM6) result in the near absence of RNA editing of <i>psbF</i>-C77 and the reduction in <i>accD</i>-C794 editing in Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>). The <i>orrm6</i> mutants have decreased levels of photosystem II (PSII) proteins, especially PsbF, lower PSII activity, pale green pigmentation, smaller leaf and plant sizes, and retarded growth. Stable expression of <i>ORRM6</i> rescues the <i>orrm6</i> editing defects and mutant phenotype. Unlike ORRM1, the other known ORRM plastid editing factor, ORRM6, does not contain RNA editing interacting protein/multiple organellar RNA editing factor (RIP/MORF) boxes, which are required for ORRM1 to interact with site-specific pentatricopeptide repeat protein editing factors. ORRM6 interacts with RIP1/MORF8, RIP2/MORF2, and RIP9/MORF9, known components of RNA editosomes. While some plastid RRM proteins are involved in other forms of RNA processing and translation, the primary function of ORRM6 is evidently to mediate <i>psbF</i>-C77 editing, like the essential site-specific pentatricopeptide repeat protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION66. Stable expression in the <i>orrm6</i> mutants of a nucleus-encoded, plastid-targeted PsbF protein from a <i>psbF</i> gene carrying a T at nucleotide 77 significantly increases leaf and plant sizes, chlorophyll content, and PSII activity. These transformants demonstrate that plastid RNA editing can be bypassed through the expression of nucleus-encoded, edited forms of plastid genes.
Determination of conversion during homogeneous phase polymerization (1978)

The conversion of monomers during radical polymn., e.g., cyclopolymn. of diallyldimethylammonium chloride [7398-69-8] in water, is detd. continuously by detg. the change of d. of the soln. with an app. which detects changes in the frequency of elec. stimulated vibrations of the ends of a glass polymn. tube contg. the soln. The frequency of vibration is controlled by the soln. d. which changes with increasing conversion of monomer. The app. dets. d. changes of +-4 mg/cm3 for water. [on SciFinder (R)]
A global approach to kinematic path planning to robots with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints (1993)

Robots in applications may be subject to holonomic or nonholonomic constraints. Examples of holonomic constraints include a manipulator constrained through the contact with the environment, e.g., inserting a part, turning a crank, etc., and multiple manipulators constrained through a common payload. Examples of nonholonomic constraints include no-slip constraints on mobile robot wheels, local normal rotation constraints for soft finger and rolling contacts in grasping, and conservation of angular momentum of in-orbit space robots. The above examples all involve equality constraints; in applications, there are usually additional inequality constraints such as robot joint limits, self collision and environment collision avoidance constraints, steering angle constraints in mobile robots, etc. The problem of finding a kinematically feasible path that satisfies a given set of holonomic and nonholonomic constraints, of both equality and inequality types is addressed. The path planning problem is first posed as a finite time nonlinear control problem. This problem is subsequently transformed to a static root finding problem in an augmented space which can then be iteratively solved. The algorithm has shown promising results in planning feasible paths for redundant arms satisfying Cartesian path following and goal endpoint specifications, and mobile vehicles with multiple trailers. In contrast to local approaches, this algorithm is less prone to problems such as singularities and local minima.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Cholesteryl Derivatives Bearing a Chiral Allenic Group in the Side Chain (1989)

Two cholesteryl allenic stereoisomers (aS)-11 and (aR)-11 are prepared stereoselectively. The key step of the synthesis is the coupling of pregnenolone to the lithium salt of the optically active 5-ethynyl-1,3-dioxolane (S)-8 or (R)-8. These two chiral synthons are obtained from the enantiomer primary alcohol (S)-3 and (R)-3, which are prepared according to a new synthetic pathway from methyl (2S)- and (2R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglycerate [(S)-1 and (R)-1].
VIII.—The Path of a Ray of Light in a Rotating Homogeneous and Isotropic Solid (1914)

The path of a ray of light in irrotationally moving media was first investigated mathematically by Fresnel, who showed that to account for the observed phenomena it is necessary to suppose that, the æther being fixed, the medium imparts of the amount of its own motion, resolved in the line of the refracted ray, to the advancing disturbance. This conclusion is also a necessary consequence of the modern Theory of Relativity, which, while holding that, with reference to axes with regard to which the medium is stationary at any point, the speed of light depends only on the refractive index, for any other system leads to the above result.
A mathematical model for human nucleotide excision repair: Damage recognition by random order assembly and kinetic proofreading (2020)

A mathematical model of human nucleotide excision repair was constructed and validated. The model incorporates cooperative damage recognition by RPA, XPA, and XPC followed by three kinetic proofreading steps by the TFIIH transcription/repair factor. The model yields results consistent with experimental data regarding excision rates of UV photoproducts by the reconstituted human excision nuclease system as well as the excision of oligonucleotides from undamaged DNA. The model predicts the effect that changes in the initial concentrations of repair factors have on the excision rate of damaged DNA and provides a testable hypothesis on the bio-chemical mechanism of cooperativity in protein assembly, suggesting experiments to determine if cooperativity in protein assembly results from an increased association rate or a decreased dissociation rate. Finally, a comparison between the random order assembly with kinetic proofreading model and a sequential assembly model is made. This investigation reveals the advantages of the random order assembly/kinetic proofreading model.
Management of Helicobacter pylori infection—the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report (2012)

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection is evolving and in this 4th edition of the Maastricht consensus report aspects related to the clinical role of H pylori were looked at again in 2010. In the 4th Maastricht/Florence Consensus Conference 44 experts from 24 countries took active part and examined key clinical aspects in three subdivided workshops: (1) Indications and contraindications for diagnosis and treatment, focusing on dyspepsia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin use, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and extraintestinal manifestations of the infection. (2) Diagnostic tests and treatment of infection. (3) Prevention of gastric cancer and other complications. The results of the individual workshops were submitted to a final consensus voting to all participants. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best current evidence and plausibility to guide doctors involved in the management of this infection associated with various clinical conditions.
Information Stored Over Many Hours by Sequences of Neural Activity in Networks of Cortical Neurons (2002)

We hypothesized that a network of cortical neurons could store information over many hours in patterns of neural activity. To address this, slices of rat cortex were cultured and spontaneous extracellular field potentials were recorded using a 60 channel microelectrode array. Activity consisted of a wide variety of spatio-temporal patterns that recurred far more often than chance. These patterns were temporally precise, were stable over 10 hours, and were grouped into many statistically significant network states. Thus, patterns represent activation of unique network states that can store information. These patterns may form basic elements of memory at the network level.
Designer diversity: moving beyond categorical branding (2008)

Given the primacy of global economics and marketing mind-sets, this article interrogates current views of diversity as a phenomenon of “bodies and backgrounds” design and branding. We begin by examining the concept of diversity and its lexical and conceptual history. We then briefly review relevant design and branding concepts and proceed to apply them to diversity. The article concludes with an analysis of design and branding as subversive and obstructive in advancing contemporary understandings of diversity, and asserts that adherence to bodies and backgrounds branding creates barriers to transformative global inclusion, tolerance, and human rights.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
Pharmacotherapy for uveitis: current management and emerging therapy (2014)

Uveitis, a group of conditions characterized by intraocular inflammation, is a major cause of sight loss in the working population. Most uveitis seen in Western countries is noninfectious and appears to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory in nature, requiring treatment with immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory drugs. In this educational review, we outline the ideal characteristics of drugs for uveitis and review the data to support the use of current and emerging therapies in this context. It is crucial that we continue to develop new therapies for use in uveitis that aim to suppress disease activity, prevent accumulation of damage, and preserve visual function for patients with the minimum possible side effects.
A new text compression technique based on language structure (1995)

This paper describes a new data compression technique which utilises some of the common structural characteris tics of languages. The proposed algorithm is designed to partition a word into its root and suffix(es), which are then replaced by shorter bit representations. The method uses three dictionaries in the form of binary search trees and one character array. The first two dictionaries are for roots, whereas the third one is for suffixes. The character array is used for both searching compressible words and coding incompressible words. The number of bits in representing a substring depends on the number of the entries in the dictionary in which the substring is found. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the Turkish language and tested using three different text groups with different lengths. The results indicate a compression of up to 47%.
How Can Careproviders Most Help Patients during a Disaster? (2011)

This article reviews careproviders' most difficult emotional challenges during disasters and provides approaches for responding optimally to them. It describes key approaches that careproviders may pursue to best help patients and others during a catastrophe. It raises unanswered questions regarding when, if ever, careproviders should provide active euthanasia to patients who are incompetent, and when, if ever, careproviders should give their own food and water to patients or others who may otherwise soon die without them.
Additive‐additive interactions: The search for synergistic antioxidant—antiwear phosphorodithioate compositions (2002)

Abstract Additive‐additive interactions between zinc dialkylphosphorodithioates and ashless alkylaminophosphorodithioates have been studied with the object of reducing the zinc level in the lubricant formulations. Various combinations of these components were evaluated for their antiwear and antioxidant properties using four‐ball and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.
On the usefulness of brain PET scanning to the paediatric neuro-oncologist (1997)

Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning adds a functional dimension to brain scanning; levels of metabolic activity are imaged and this information may complement the more "anatomic" imaging of CT and MRI. In a series of 10 young patients the usefulness of PET scanning technique was investigated. The major areas of usefulness were the distinction of posttreatment sequelae from active tumour (both postsurgical MRI changes from tumour and postradiation MRI changes from tumour) and the localization of persisting tumour amenable to radiosurgical treatment. The technique was beneficial in assessing continuing activity in pineal tumours (residual pineal teratoma mass and residual pineocytoma mass) and in assessing activity in brainstem/cerebellar peduncle gliomas (three cases). In one unusual case of widespread leptomeningeal melanoma, the PET scan under-read the situation.
Cicaprost, a Prostacyclin Analog, Protects Renal Function in Uninephrectomized Dogs in the Absence of Changes in Blood Pressure (1993)

Ten dogs presenting mild chronic renal failure and hypertension after 27 months of uninephrectomy, during which they received a high sodium and high protein diet, were divided in two groups (n = 5) and followed for 15 months. The same diet was maintained and one of the groups received cicaprost treatment. The animals were periodically tested for biochemical and clinical parameters, and at months 0, 3, 6, and 15, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured. Renal biopsies were made after 6 months of follow-up. Control group showed a higher thickening of pre- and intraglomerular portions of arteriolar vessels and an enhancement of mesangial matrix when compared with the treated group. Cicaprost also induced a significant elevation in RPF and a significant decrease in filtration fraction. All these findings suggest that cicaprost, an oral stable prostaglandin I2 analog, could have a protective renal effect in this experimental model.
Ethyl 2-benzylsulfanyl-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate (2007)

In the title compound, C(22)H(21)ClN(4)O(2)S, the bicyclic triazolopyrimidine ring system is nearly planar, and oriented at dihedral angles of 89.45 (3)° with respect to the chlorobenzene ring and 87.03 (3)° with respect to the terminal phenyl ring. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by π-π stacking inter-actions between the triazolopyrimidine rings [centroid-centroid distances of 3.88 (1) and 3.63 (1) Å].
Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: In Situ Filtering of the Vapors (2009)

A system to remove in situ char/ash from hot pyrolysis vapors has been developed and tested at the University of Twente. The system consists of a continuous fluidized bed reactor (0.7 kg/h) with immersed filters (wire mesh, pore size 5 μm) for extracting pyrolysis vapors. Integration of the filter system in the fluidized bed should overcome operational problems related to the increase in pressure drop across the filter in time and a decrease in oil yield as typically observed in downstream pyrolysis vapor filtration and lead to process intensification. In this study the effect of in situ hot pyrolysis vapor filtration has been studied with respect to process stability, product yields, and product quality. Oil obtained via a more conventional cyclone system placed in parallel to the filter system served as reference for the quality and yields of the filtered oil. Good process stability concerning temperature and pressure drop across the hot gas vapor filter was achieved during a 2 h run, even when using a reused filter. Particles (char/sand) were retained inside the filter pores located at the outside surface of the filter, while the inside of the filter remained clean apart from some deposits formed on the metal wire and small 1 μm particles which slipped through the filter. Mass balance closures higher than 94 wt % were obtained. Comparable yields (cyclone + filtered oil) were obtained as in the experiments carried out with only the cyclones. The filtered oil contained significantly less solids, alkali metals, and ash compared to cyclone oil. For the alkali metals, only a considerable amount of potassium (K) was still present in filtered pyrolysis oil, which most likely entered the filtered oil via the vapor phase. There were no significant differences in the elemental composition of the oil produced via the filter line and cyclone line. The molecular weight of the filtered oil obtained with nondried feed was always marginally lower compared to the cyclone oil. Results of the aging tests show that the reactivity of pyrolysis oil can already originate from the highly reactive components in pyrolysis oil itself and does not need the presence of char/ash. To show the intrinsically high reactivity of solids-free pyrolysis oil vapors, an external filter section (1 μm pore size) was placed additionally and in series with the filter inside the fluidized bed. The results show that char is formed from the reactive pyrolysis vapors.
Cytosolic Enzymes Generate Cannabinoid Metabolites 7-Carboxycannabidiol and 11-Nor-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol (2023)

The cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) undergo extensive oxidative metabolism in the liver. Although cytochromes P450 form the primary, pharmacologically active, hydroxylated metabolites of CBD and THC, less is known about the enzymes that generate the major <i>in vivo</i> circulating metabolites of CBD and THC, 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC, respectively. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the enzymes involved in forming these metabolites. Cofactor dependence experiments with human liver subcellular fractions revealed that 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC formation is largely dependent on cytosolic NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzymes, with lesser contributions from NADPH-dependent microsomal enzymes. Experiments with chemical inhibitors provided evidence that 7-carboxy-CBD formation is mainly dependent on aldehyde dehydrogenases and 11-carboxy-THC formation is mediated also in part by aldehyde oxidase. This study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzymes in generating major <i>in vivo</i> metabolites of CBD and THC and addresses a knowledge gap in cannabinoid metabolism.
Supplementary Table S5 from Immunogenomics of Hypermutated Glioblastoma: A Patient with Germline <i>POLE</i> Deficiency Treated with Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DNA repair pathway mutations found in the founding clone (Cluster 1). Gene list was derived from http://sciencepark.mdanderson.org/labs/wood/dna_repair_genes.html, and annotated with data from ClinVar (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/), COSMIC http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), the Foundation Medicine report provided to this patient, and SIFT/PolyPhen predictions from ExAC (http://exac.broadinstitute.org/).&lt;/p&gt;
826-P: Treatment of MODY3 Disease by AAV-Hnf1a-Mediated Gene Therapy (2023)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are a group of monogenic diabetes characterized by onset of hyperglycemia at an early adult age, normally before 25 years. MODY3, the most common type of MODY, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A). MODY3 patients are usually treated with sulfonylureas, but they tend to become unresponsive to these drugs and adverse effects associated to chronic administration of sulfonylureas have been reported. Presently, there are no current treatments addressing the root cause of MODY3. Here, we have developed a new gene therapy approach to treat this disease. To this end, using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we first generated a novel MODY3 mouse model that showed pancreatic down-regulation of HNF1A protein production. These mice developed β-cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia, recapitulating the main alterations observed in human patients. Treatment of MODY3 mice by intra-pancreatic duct administration of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) encoding Hnf1α, under control of β-cell-specific promoter, resulted in HNF1A expression in β-cells, which upregulated the expression of HNF1A main target genes, such as GLUT2 and L-PK. AAV-Hnf1α-mediated gene therapy counteracted hyperglycemia, increased insulinemia, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, thus reverting the MODY3 disease. This study represents the first demonstration for the genetic counteraction of a monogenic diabetes and paves the way for the clinical translation of AAV-Hnf1α-based gene therapy to treat MODY 3 patients in the future. Moreover, these results may also contribute to the development of new gene therapy strategies for other monogenic forms of diabetes. Disclosure E.Casana lorente: None. X.Leon: None. S.Franckhauser: None. F.Bosch: None. V.Jimenez: None. M.Garcia: None. A.Casellas: None. M.Morró: None. A.Pujol: None. T.Ferré: None. V.Sacristán: None. C.Jambrina: None. Funding Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201603-31-32-33); Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SAF2017-86266R); Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional; Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-113864RB-I00); Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain 2017 SGR 1508 (to F.B.)
Study on the behavior of atomic layer deposition coatings on a nickel substrate at high temperature (2016)

Although many techniques have been applied to protect nickel (Ni) alloys from oxidation at intermediate and high temperatures, the potential of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings has not been fully explored. In this paper, the application of ALD coatings (HfO2, Al2O3, SnO2, and ZnO) on Ni foils has been evaluated by electrical characterization and transmission electron microscopy analyses in order to assess their merit to increase Ni oxidation resistance; particular consideration was given to preserving Ni electrical conductivity at high temperatures. The results suggested that as long as the temperature was below 850 °C, the ALD coatings provided a physical barrier between outside oxygen and Ni metal and hindered the oxygen diffusion. It was illustrated that the barrier power of ALD coatings depends on their robustness, thicknesses, and heating rate. Among the tested ALD coatings, Al2O3 showed the maximum protection below 900 °C. However, above that temperature, the ALD coatings dissolved in the Ni substrate. As a result, they could not offer any physical barrier. The dissolution of ALD coatings doped on the NiO film, formed on the top of the Ni foils. As found by the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), this doping affected the electronic transport process, through manipulating the Ni(3+)/Ni(2+) ratio in the NiO films and the chance of polaron hopping. It was demonstrated that by using the ZnO coating, one would be able to decrease the electrical resistance of Ni foils by two orders of magnitude after exposure to 1020 °C for 4 min. In contrast, the Al2O3 coating increased the resistance of the uncoated foil by one order of magnitude, mainly due to the decrease in the ratio of Ni(3+)/Ni(2+).
Dynamics of Highly Excited States in Chemistry: An Overview (1997)

This article provides an overview of chemical research that is concerned with the dynamics of highly excited states of molecules. Four broad topics are discussed, including (1) highly excited bound vibrational states of polyatomic molecules, (2) unimolecular decay of highly excited molecules, (3) collisional relaxation of highly excited polyatomic molecules, and (4) bimolecular reactions involving vibrationally excited molecules. For each topic, we present an overview of current experimental and theoretical research being done, along with a brief discussion of selected applications.