gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5&#x00B5;W fractional CMOS bandgap voltage and current reference (2013)

Design of a sub-1V, low power, fractional bandgap voltage reference (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> ∼ 0.6V) conjoined with a current reference (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> ∼ 1µA) in standard 90 nm digital CMOS is proposed, utilizing standard parasitic substrate PNPs. A positive temperature coefficient (TC) voltage is generated across a feed-back resistor, R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> , via a negative TC emitter-base voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EB</inf> ) on one side of R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> and the looped-back V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> output on the other side, which has a near zero TC. The resulting current, I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> = (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> − V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EB</inf> ) /R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> , has a zero current crossing point that can be set roughly around the mid-point of minimum and maximum operating temperatures. As such, I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> supplies the needed positive TC current to the bandgap's proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current loop that facilitates generating the residual zero TC current, I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> , which is concurrently fed to R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> to produce V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> . Simulations show V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> of about 0.6V at TC of about ±10ppm/°C (with trim) can be achieved over span of −50°C < T < 150°C. Accordingly, simulating for bandgap's operation for +0.9V > V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> > +5V, indicates that I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> of about 5µA, and voltage coefficient (VC) of about ±50 ppm/V are achievable.
TRAPPII is required for cleavage furrow ingression and localization of Rab11 in dividing male meiotic cells ofDrosophila (2009)

Although membrane addition is crucial for cytokinesis in many animal cell types, the specific mechanisms supporting cleavage furrow ingression are not yet understood. Mutations in the gene brunelleschi (bru), which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the yeast Trs120p subunit of TRAPPII, cause failure of furrow ingression in male meiotic cells. In non-dividing cells, Brunelleschi protein fused to GFP is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and enriched at Golgi organelles, similarly to another Drosophila TRAPPII subunit, dBet3. Localization of the membrane-trafficking GTPase Rab11 to the cleavage furrow requires wild-type function of bru, and genetic interactions between bru and Rab11 increase the failure of meiotic cytokinesis and cause synthetic lethality. bru also genetically interacts with four wheel drive (fwd), which encodes a PI4Kbeta, such that double mutants exhibit enhanced failure of male meiotic cytokinesis. These results suggest that Bru cooperates with Rab11 and PI4Kbeta to regulate the efficiency of membrane addition to the cleavage furrow, thus promoting cytokinesis in Drosophila male meiotic cells.
An experimental study of dual-energy CT imaging using synchrotron radiation (2013)

The measurement of electron density is important for medical diagnosis and charged particle radiotherapy treatment planning.Traditionally,electron density is obtained by CT imaging using the relationship between CT-number and electron densities established beforehand.However,the measurement is not accurate due to the beam hardening effect.In this paper,we propose a simple and practical electron density acquisition method based on dual-energy CT technique.For each sample,the CT imaging is conducted using two selected X-ray energy from synchrotron radiation.A post-processing dual-energy reconstruction method is used.Linear attenuation coefficients of the scanned samples are obtained by FBP reconstruction.The effective atomic number and electron density are got by solving the dual-energy simultaneous equations.Different phantoms and breast tissues were scanned in this experimental study under 10 keV and 30 keV monochromatic X-rays.The distribution of effective atomic numbers and electron densities of the scanned phantoms were obtained by Dual-energy CT image reconstruction,which agrees well with the theoretical values.Compared with conventional methods,the measurement accuracy is greatly improved, and the measurement error is reduced to about 1%.This experimental study demonstrates that DECT imaging based on synchrotron radiation source is applicable to medical diagnosis for quantitative measurement with high accuracy.
Gut microbiome changes due to sleep disruption in older and younger individuals: a case for sarcopenia? (2022)

Major hallmarks of functional loss, loss of metabolic and musculoskeletal health and (multi)morbidity with aging are associated with sleep disturbances. With poor sleep shifts in gut microbial composition commonly manifest, which could mediate the pro-inflammatory state between sleep disturbances and sarcopenia. This systematic review presents the recent evidence on how sleep disturbances throughout the lifespan associate with and contribute to gut microbial composition changes, proposing a mechanism to understand the etiology of sarcopenia through sleep disturbances. The relationship between disturbed sleep and clinically relevant gut microbiota composition on health aspects of aging is discussed. A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science using keywords including (microbio* OR microflora) AND (sleep OR sleep disorder). Six cross-sectional population-based studies and five experimental clinical trials investigating healthy individuals with ages ranging from 4 to 71 were included. The cross-sectional studies reported similarities in associations with sleep disturbance and gut microbial diversity. In older adults, shorter sleep duration is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria whereas increasing sleep quality is positively associated with an increase of beneficial Verrucomicrobia and Lentisphaerae phyla. In young adults, the effect of sleep disruption on gut microbiome composition, specifically the ratio of beneficial Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes phyla, remains contradictory and unclear. The findings of this review warrant further research in the modulation of the gut microbiome linking poor sleep with muscle-catabolic consequences throughout the lifespan.
Stereo endoscopy as a 3-D measurement tool (2009)

Stereoscopic endoscopes restore much of the sense of depth perception lost in minimally invasive surgery techniques. They also open the possibility of anatomical reconstruction from in-vivo video using established computer vision techniques. However, limitations in computational power, as well as imaging constraints due to specularities, color, and movement, make full three-dimensional reconstruction difficult to achieve in real time. We demonstrate that a subset of this reconstruction problem, the ability to take accurate anatomical measurements, can be trivially achieved using current stereo-endoscopes and well-known algorithms. After careful calibration of the camera pair, we track the surgical instruments, which present the strongest features in the operating scene. The three-dimensional positions of the tips of the instruments are automatically calculated in real-time, and the computation of the distance between them allows for accurate measurements of any anatomical region within reach of the instrument tips.
Face-tracking as an augmented input in video games (2006)

Motion-detection only games have inherent limitations on game experience in that the systems cannot identify the player's existence and identity. A way of improvement is by introducing information such as a player's face or head into the system. We designed and implemented two game prototypes that apply real-time face position information as intrinsic elements of gameplay to enhance game experience. The first prototype augmented a typical motion-detection-based game. Face information was designed to enhance the sense of presence and role-playing. In the second prototype, face tracking is applied as a new axis of control in a First Person Shooter (FPS) game.Although Face detection and tracking technology has started utilizing in game scenarios, there was little systematic research on how user experience is leveraged by applying face information to video games. The results of our user tests on comparing camera-based video games with and without face tracking demonstrated that using face position information can effectively enhance presence and role-playing. In addition, an intuitive control that augmented by face-tracking in the FPS game also got positive feedbacks from the test.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER RK. VON CAMPHER MIT PHENYLMAGNESIUMBROMID (1970)

Abstract 3‐exo‐Deutero‐campher (31% D) (I) reagiertmit Phenylmagnesiumbromid zum Alkohol (II), dessen Deuteriumgehalt 48% beträgt.
Solidification of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni Solders (2016)

The solidification of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni are overviewed and compared. In joints on Cu substrates, both solders begin solidification with primary Cu 6 Sn 5 growing in the bulk liquid prior to tin nucleation. In freestanding balls and joints, SAC305 generally solidifies with a single tin nucleation event and exhibits a mutually-twinned tin grain structure. In contrast, SN100C BGA balls and joints exhibit multiple independent tin grains that grow as a columnar array in joints.
Clinical and experimental studies on electromechanical dissociation. (1981)

Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is the most frequent cause of unsuccessful cardiac resuscitation in critically ill patients. In a clinical study of cardiac arrest, including 54 episodes in 50 fully monitored patients, 14 episodes of ventricular fibrillation were observed and seven were reversed. In the remaining 40 instances, 36 cases of EMD were initially observed. Four patients had asystole. None of the patients with EMD or asystole were successfully resuscitated. For objective study of EMD and its treatment, we developed an experimental model in which ventricular fibrillation was induced in mechanically ventilated dogs. EMD was predictably observed when, after an interval of 120 seconds, ventricular fibrillation was reversed with an external countershock. Neither metabolic acidosis nor metabolic alkalosis modified the incidence of EMD. A few dogs were pretreated with glucose-insulin-potassium or pharmacologic doses of methylprednisolone, but this did not clearly reduce the incidence of EMD. However, the onset of EMD was delayed when the body temperature of the animal was spontaneously reduced.
Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutic Approach for Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy and Related Neurological Disorders (2022)

The recent advances in nucleic acid therapeutics demonstrate the potential to treat hereditary neurological disorders by targeting their causative genes. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked and adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats, which encodes a polyglutamine tract in the <i>androgen receptor</i> gene. SBMA belongs to the family of polyglutamine diseases, in which the use of nucleic acids for silencing a disease-causing gene, such as antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, has been intensively studied in animal models and clinical trials. A unique feature of SBMA is that both motor neuron and skeletal muscle pathology contribute to disease manifestations, including progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. As both motor neurons and skeletal muscles can be therapeutic targets in SBMA, nucleic acid-based approaches for other motor neuron diseases and myopathies may further lead to the development of a treatment for SBMA. Here, we review studies of nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches in SBMA and related neurological disorders and discuss current limitations and perspectives to apply these approaches to patients with SBMA.
Asymptotic error rate analysis of H-S/EGC over arbitrarily correlated Rician channels (2013)

We study asymptotic error rate performance of a multi-branch hybrid selection/equal-gain combining (H-S/EGC) diversity reception system over arbitrarily correlated Rician channels. Based on an integral representation of the joint probability density function of multivariate Rician random variables with arbitrary correlations, closed-form asymptotic error rate expression is derived for multi-branch H-S/EGC diversity reception. Numerical results indicate that this analytical solution can be used to estimate the error rate in large signal-to-noise ratio regimes accurately. The analytical results reveal some important insights into the performance characteristics of H-S/EGC diversity reception system operating over arbitrarily correlated Rician fading channels.
Geometric information routing (2013)

In response to the increasing traffic volume in the Internet for applications such as (mobile) video and cloud computing, various proprietary technologies enabling content distribution have been developed that rely on caching and replication. Being deployed in silos, it is not possible to uniquely and securely identify named information independently of the distribution channel; moreover, these different content distribution technologies are typically implemented as an overlay, leading to unnecessary inefficiency. By introducing uniquely named data and name-based data access, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) enables data to become independent from their network location, application, storage support but also means of content exchanges enabling in turn in-network caching and replication. However, content name spaces have not been designed to sustain forwarding performance and forwarders scaling contrary to IP addresses which can be efficiently aggregated, summarized and translated. Consequently, alternatives such as name-based routing, which aim at better accommodating information/ content routing in the Internet, would also become the scaling and performance bottleneck. To address these problems, this paper proposes a third alternative: geometric information routing on universal content locators. This technique operates by associating to content identifiers (names) a content locator taken out of a geometric coordinate space from which a routing path (more precisely, a geodesic) can be derived without requiring non-local information. Upon querying specific content multiple locators can be received enabling the receiver to select the (geometrically) closest locator. Since it is based on local information only, routing on such locator space is less memory consuming than non-local information dependent routing. We analyze the performance (in terms of memory space required to locally store routing states and the resulting routing path stretch) and compare them against path-vector routing.
CHAPTER V (2010)

The resolution adopted by the Commons, that the trade should cease in 1796, was a matter of great joy to many; and several, in consequence of it, returned to the use of sugar. The committee, however, for the abolition did not view it in the same favourable light. They considered it as a political manœuvre to frustrate the accomplishment of the object. But the circumstance, which gave them the most concern, was the resolution of the Lords to hear evidence. It was impossible now to say, when the trade would cease. The witnesses in behalf of the merchants and planters had obtained possession of the ground; and they might keep it, if they chose, even till the year 1800, to throw light upon a measure which was to be adopted in 1796. The committee found too, that they had again the laborious task before them of finding out new persons to give testimony in behalf of their cause; for some of their former witnesses were dead, and others were out of the kingdom and unless they replaced these, there would be no probability of making out that strong case in the Lords, which they had established in the Commons. It devolved therefore upon me once more to travel for this purpose: but as I was then in too weak a state to bear as much fatigue as formerly, Dr. Dickson relieved me, by taking one part of the tour, namely, that to Scotland, upon himself.
Immunogenicity and side-effects of a new tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (1983)

A new tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing groups A, C, W 135, and Y was administered to 40 healthy adults. The vaccine was well tolerated and bactericidal assay showed mean titre increases for the meningococcal polysaccharide groups A, C, W 135, and Y of 5.0, 7.8, 8.2, and 5.9 log(2) titre steps, respectively. The immunogenicity and side-effects of the vaccine were similar to those associated with monovalent and bivalent vaccines containing group A and C meningococcal polysaccharides.
MEASURED PERFORMANCE OF WATER VAPOR JETS FOR SPACE VEHICLE ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEMS (1966)

Measured performance of water vapor jets in space vacuum environment for space vehicle attitude control systems
Assessment of second-line VEGF-inhibitor therapy in radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). (2015)

e17064 Background: Multiple small molecule kinase inhibitors that target VEGF are NCCN compendium approved for treatment of recurrent/metastatic RAIR DTC. After first-line therapy that includes VEGF inhibition, the benefit from second-line VEGF inhibitors has not been well evaluated. Methods: The study population included patients (pts) with RAIR DTC treated at MSKCC on three phase II studies (VEGF Trap, sorafenib/temsirolimus, or sorafenib/everolimus), who received two lines of therapy with VEGF inhibition. In the second line, only single-agent therapy was allowed. Results: 37 pts received at least 2 lines of VEGF inhibitors; non-protocol agents included pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and vandetanib, while PTC299 was through a phase I trial. 24 pts came off first-line therapy for progression; 13 pts for toxicity or withdrawal of consent. Rate of benefit with second-line therapy was similar in both of these groups: 45.8% and 53.8%, respectively, had a partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) > 6 months. Considering all 37 pts, the median duration on first and second-line VEGF inhibitors was 6.3 months (range 0.5–53.9) and 4.8 months (range 0.3–47.8), respectively. The best response per RECIST v1.1 on first-line therapy was 18.9% PR, 2.7% unconfirmed (U) PR, 70.2% SD, 8.1% progression of disease (POD); the best response on second-line therapy was 2.7% PR, 8.1% UPR, 62.2% SD, 27.0% POD. 54.1% and 48.7% of pts had PR/SD for > 6 months on first- and second-line treatment, respectively. Thyroglobulin level, gender, duration on first-line treatment, and best response on first-line treatment showed no significant correlation with duration on second-line treatment, but tumors with BRAF mutations appeared to have less durable benefit (P < 0.05, log-rank). 48.6% of pts received pazopanib and 40.5% sorafenib in the second-line; median duration on these agents was not significantly different. Conclusions: Approximately half of the pts in our study had durable PR/SD on second-line VEGF inhibitors; BRAF mutation status may be predictive of benefit. Further study is needed to elucidate the contributions of disease natural history versus treatment effect mediated by VEGF or other targets.
Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues in metastatic male breast cancer: results from a pooled analysis (2015)

In metastatic male breast cancer patients, the combined use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and aromatase inhibitors or antiandrogens seems to be associated with greater efficacy, particularly in terms of survival outcomes, compared with monotherapy. Collectively, these results encourage considering these agents in the metastatic setting.
Tetrameric Fluorescent Antigen Arrays for Single-Step Identification of Antigen-Specific B Cells (2020)

Fluorescent antigen production is a critical step in the identification of antigen-specific B cells. Here, we detailed the preparation, purification, and the use of four-arm, fluorescent PEG-antigen conjugates to selectively identify antigen-specific B cells through avid engagement with cognate B cell receptors. Using modular click chemistry and commercially available fluorophore kit chemistries, we demonstrated the versatility of preparing customized fluorescent PEG-conjugates by creating distinct arrays for proteolipid protein (PLP139-151) and insulin, which are important autoantigens in murine models of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, respectively. Assays were developed for each fluorescent conjugate in its respective disease model using flow cytometry. Antigen arrays were compared to monovalent autoantigen to quantify the benefit of multimerization onto PEG backbones. Finally, we illustrated the utility of this platform by isolating and assessing anti-insulin B cell responses after antigen stimulation ex vivo. Labeling insulin-specific B cells enabled the amplified detection of changes to co-stimulation (CD86) that were otherwise dampened in aggregate B cell analysis. Together, this report enables the production and use of fluorescent antigen arrays as a robust tool for probing B cell populations.
Canine borreliosis--epidemiology and diagnostics. (2002)

Ixodes ticks, vectors of B. burgdorferi, carry the spirochaetes to a number of vertebrates; however in natural conditions only the species from outside the forest biotope display the clinical form of borreliosis, mainly humans and dogs. In dogs, B. burgdorferi s.l. has been implicated as a cause of various disorders often resembling those observed in human borreliosis, including polyarthropathy, anorexia, malaise, and neurological dysfunction. In areas infested with I. ricinus, and I. dammini in the USA and known to be endemic for Lyme disease, veterinarians may suspect borreliosis in dogs with limb/joint disorders. In serological diagnosis, it should be considered that the occurrence of even specific antibodies does not necessarily mean the active disease or primary exposition to the pathogen. Studies on antibody titers in the sera of dogs either naturally or experimentally infected, and on their associations with clinical symptoms, indicate the same limitations of serological tests as in the diagnostic of human Lyme disease; therefore, PCR is the most appropriate method of diagnosis.
Transient Voltage Changes Produced in Corroding Metals and Alloys (1968)

Abstract : The formation of 'hollow whiskers' by the action of slightly acidified potassium ferricyanide and ferrocyanide solutions on metals and alloys appeared to indicate that corroding metals produce bursts of metal ions from various point anodes. Since these bursts of ions appeared to be of a sporadic nature, it seemed possible that there might be transient fluctuations of the electrical charge on the metal. The communication reports on the detection of such fluctuations in electrical charge.