gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of N‐Alkylbis(3‐aminopropyl)amines by the Catalytic Hydrogenation of N‐Alkylbis(cyanoethyl)amines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Incidence, clinical correlates and associated outcomes of dementia in heart failure: a population-based cohort study (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Dementia, in the setting of heart failure (HF), portends poorer outcomes and poses great challenges in its clinical management. Purpose We investigated the incidence, types, clinical correlates, and the prognostic impact of dementia in a population-based cohort of patients with HF. Further, we examined the interactions of age and sex, and education status with dementia incidence. Methods The previously validated Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System (CDARS), a territory-wide database was interrogated to identify patients with HF (N= 202,121) from 1995 to 2018. Associations of clinical correlates with incident dementia and its risk with all-cause mortality were assessed using competing risk/multivariable Cox regression models where appropriate. Results Among a total cohort aged ≥18 years with HF (mean age: 75.3 ± 13.0 years, 51.3% women), new-onset dementia occurred in 22,145 (11.0%) over a median follow-up of 5.5 years. Alzheimer’s disease occurred in 27.0%; vascular dementia (18.1%) and unspecified dementia (in 55.1%). Age-standardized rate of dementia incidence in women was 1297 (95%CI, 1276-1318) (vs. 744, 95%CI, 723-765) per 10000 population in men. Other independent predictors of dementia include: Increasing age (HR 1.08), Female sex (HR 1.19), Nil/&amp;lt; primary (vs tertiary) education (HR 1.29), Parkinson’s disease (HR 1.73), head injury (HR 1.37), peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.31), stroke (HR 1.29), depression (HR 1.18), alcohol intake (HR1.17), anaemia (HR 1.14), hypertension (HR 1.08), among other common comorbidities in HF (Figure 1A). Notably, a significant interaction (p &amp;lt; 0.001) between age and sex on dementia incidence was observed, such that women in all age groups were observed to have higher sHR compared to men (Figure 1B). After accounting for competing risk, dementia was not associated with adjusted hazard of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Female sex, lower socioeconomic status, increasing age and common comorbidities were associated with higher hazards of incident dementia. Abstract Figure 1A and Figure 1B
The ultimate Linux lunchbox (2005)

Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) was purified 38-fold from cell-free extracts of Streptococcus diacetilactis. The enzyme was homogeneous in analytical ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The final enzyme preparation contained acetate: HS-citrate lyase ligase--an acetylating enzyme which converts inactive HS-citrate lyase into enzymatically active acetyl-S-citrate lyase. This enzyme activity was purified 25-fold over the crude extract and seemed to be associated with citrate lyase. Partially purified citrate lyase from Leuconostoc citrovorum contained also its acetylating enzyme. Purified citrate lyases from Klebsiella aerogenes and Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa were devoid of acetylating enzyme activity. The HS-form of citrate lyase from S. diacetilactis was completely acetylated and hence activated by incubation with ATP and acetate for 25 min at 25 degrees C. The enzyme did not acetylate the HS-lyases from R. gelatinosa and K. aerogenes. In contrast to the citrate lyases from R. gelatinosa and K. aerogenes the enzymes from S. diacetilactis and L. citrovorum showed only a very weak reaction inactivation. It is assumed that this is due to the association of the acetylating enzymes with these lyases.
Shape description from imperfect and incomplete data (2002)

Usually, shape description systems assume that a scene has been segmented into objects and that object boundaries are given. This, however, is not realistic when working with intensity images; the resulting boundaries are fragmented and contain surface markings, and shadow and noise boundaries. A system is described which works with such input and computes shape descriptions of complex objects. Scene segmentation takes place through shape description. Generalized cones or, more precisely, their 2D analogs of ribbons are used as the basic shape representation scheme. Results for synthetic and real examples are shown. The output of the system is useful for object recognition, learning, further inference of 3D shape, grasping, and navigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quinazoline Marketed drugs - A Review (2011)

Quinazoline is the main six-membered heterocyclic ring system reported for their biological activities, compounds with multiple pharmacophores, which bring together knowledge of a target with understanding of the molecule types that might interact with the target family. Robust, versatile and scalable chemistry must be employed to accomplish the task. This characteristic feature of quinazoline would make a good template for a lead generation library. The current review article focuses on biological actions done for various targets along with the brief description of the targets. Medicinal chemistry is concerned with discovery, development, synthesis in laboratory and identification of physical and chemical method s. Here most of activity is directed to new natural or synthetic organic compounds. Inorganic compounds continue to be important in therapy that is trace elements in nutritional therapy, antacids & radiopharmaceuticals. Development of organic compounds has now new synthetic methods that includes exciting new field of biotechnology using cell’s biochemistry to synthesize new compounds. Techniques ranging from recombinant DNA and site directed mutagenesis to fusion of cell lines have greatly broadened possibilities for new entities that treat the disease. By help of medicinal chemistry now pharmacist dispenses modified human insulin that provide more convenient dosing schedules, cell stimulating factors that have changed the dosing regimens for chemotherapy, humanized monoclonal antibodies that target specific tissues and fused receptors that intercept immune cell generated cytokines. For understanding principles of medicinal chemistry, it is necessary to consider physiochemical properties, used to develop new pharmacologically active constituents and their mechanism of action. Hundreds of thousands of new organic chemicals are prepared annually throughout world; many of them are entered to pharmacological screening for determining their biological activity. This random screening process has been inefficient, but it has resulted in identification of new lead compounds whose structures have been optimized to produce clinical agents. The main aim of medicinal chemist is to know the mode of action of drugs at molecular levels. Heterocyclic chemistry is a chemistry involving the heterocyclic compounds, which has atoms of at least two different elements as number of ring. The heterocyclic atoms may be inorganic, though the compound contains carbon atoms in the ring. The word hetero means “different from carbon and hydrogen”. Many heterocyclic compounds are biosynthesized by plants & animals are biologically active. Some heterocyclic compounds are fundamentals of life,
Sub-band adaptive filtering applied to speech enhancement (2002)

An adaptive noise cancellation scheme for speech processing is proposed. In this, the adaptive filters are implemented in frequency limited sub bands. In previous work, the filters had been distributed in a linear fashion in the frequency domain. This work investigates the effects of spacing the filters more in sympathy with the signal power and spectral characteristics. It emerges that improvements in signal to noise ratio of processed noisy speech signals may be obtained when the sub bands are spaced according to a published cochlear function.
Design of a digital power IC (2010)

To satisfy today's power demands of a VLSI chip, the digital power IC has been designed in order to have more programmability, faster transient response and higher efficiency. Thank to the advance of the semiconductor manufacturing process. It has enabled the ability to integrate the power MOSFET, the analog and the digital circuits into one chip. In this paper, a 12V, 2A digital synchronous DC-DC buck converter IC with the nonlinear control (NLC) to improve the transient response and the pulse-skipping mode (PSM) to improve the power conversion efficiency has been designed and fabricated. The I2C is provided to let the host controller in-situ program and monitor the operating conditions of the IC. Both the loading current and the operating mode transient response of the IC have been demonstrated.
Platform for Personalized Oncology: Integrative analyses reveal novel molecular signatures associated with colorectal cancer relapse. (2013)

Approximately 80% of Stage II colon cancer patients are cured by appropriate surgery. However, 20% relapse, and virtually all of these people will die due to metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy has little or no impact on relapse or survival in Stage II colon cancer, and can only add toxicity without benefit for 80% of the target population that has been cured by surgery. Despite much effort, it is difficult to identify clinical or molecular determinants of outcome in Stage II colon cancer, defeating attempts to target treatments to the 20% of individuals who are destined to relapse. We hypothesized that a multidimensional molecular analysis will identify a combination of factors that serve as prognostic biomarkers in Stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon. The Georgetown informatics team generated and analyzed multi-omics profiling datasets in stage II CRC patients with or without relapse to identify molecular signatures in CRC that may serve both as prognostic markers of recurrence, and also allow for identification of the subgroup of patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The datasets were loaded to GDOC® (Georgetown Database of Cancer) for further mining and analysis. The G-DOC web portal (http://gdoc.georgetown.edu) includes a broad collection of bioinformatics and systems biology tools for analysis and visualization of four major "omics" types: DNA, mRNA, microRNA, and metabolites. Through technology re-use, the G-DOC infrastructure will accelerate progress for a variety of ongoing programs in need of integrative multi-omics analysis, and advance our opportunities to practice effective personalized oncology in the near future.
January consultation #2 (2012)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: January 2013 - Volume 39 - Issue 1 - p 148-149 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.10.029
Evaluating mobile phones as risk information providers (2009)

Information about health, disease or environmental conditions is increasingly becoming available. We investigate the suitability of using mobile phones as an interface to provide information about risk-related events or conditions to the user. We approach the problem by conducting an online survey in order to match the requirements on a risk information service with the capabilities of the mobile phone and to evaluate different notification mechanisms, the usage frequency, and the influence of costs. Based on the results of the survey we confirm the suitability of the mobile phone to provide risk-related information as well as the user's willingness to pay for the service.
Comparison of refractive and visual outcomes between image-guided system–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction and wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK in treatment of high astigmatism (2021)

Purpose: To compare the refractive and visual results of image-guided system–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction (IGA-SMILE) and wavefront-optimized femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in the treatment of high astigmatism. Settings: Osmangazi Aritmi Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Design: Retrospective. Methods: This retrospective case-matched study included 64 eyes that had undergone IGA-SMILE and 64 eyes that had undergone wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK. The mean preoperative myopia and astigmatism were −4.05 ± 1.98 diopter (D) and 3.11 ± 1.06 D in the IGA-SMILE group and −4.21 ± 2.23 D and −3.15 ± 0.62 D in the FS-LASIK group, respectively. One year later, visual and refractive results were compared in the groups. Vector analysis based on Alpins method was performed to evaluate astigmatic treatment. Results: 128 eyes of 128 patients were included in this study. At 1 year, the residual astigmatism was −0.21 ± 0.25 D in the IGA-SMILE group and −0.21 ± 0.24 D in the FS-LASIK group ( P = .305). In the IGA-SMILE group, 57 eyes (89.1%) achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better, as did 56 eyes (85.9%) in the FS-LASIK group. Vector analysis results demonstrated that the difference vectors were 0.22 ± 0.24 D and 0.21 ± 0.22 D ( P = .230), the correction indexes were 0.95 ± 0.08 and 0.95 ± 0.08 ( P = .239), and the indices of success were 0.08 ± 0.09 and 0.08 ± 0.09 ( P = .248) in the IGA-SMILE and the FS-LASIK groups, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of an image-guided system with SMILE resulted in high efficacy and safety indices that were comparable with FS-LASIK surgery.
200 kW CW sheet beam klystron research and development (2014)

Development of a 200 kW CW sheet beam klystron for the Office of Naval Research. Specifications, beam stability, and cathode bell jar testing are discussed.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Progranulin Mutations Carriers (2011)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ₁₋₄₂, total tau, P-181 tau) are currently used to support a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The CSF profile in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) caused by Progranulin (GRN) mutation is unknown. We assessed CSF biomarkers in 145 AD, 140 FTLD (20 GRN positive, 120 GRN negative) patients, and 38 controls. Taking into account the reference values used in clinical practice, GRN mutation carriers and controls did not differ significantly for any biomarker, whereas GRN negative FTLD patients had higher tau levels than controls (p < 0.001) and patients carrying GRN Thr272fs mutation (p = 0.033, Chi-Square test). Comparing CSF biomarkers mean values among groups, total tau was significantly increased in GRN negative FTLD and in mutation carriers compared with controls (p < 0.001). P-181 tau CSF was increased in AD patients and in GRN negative FTLD compared with controls (p < 0.001), but not in 17 patients carrying the Thr272fs mutation. 88.2% of mutation carriers had normal CSF tau, despite the neurodegenerative nature of FTLD. Our results suggest that GRN mutation carriers have normal or borderline CSF biomarkers. In patients with an AD-like phenotype but normal or borderline CSF biomarkers, a diagnosis of FTLD-U caused by GRN mutations should be considered.
Overcoming castration resistance in prostate cancer (2012)

Novel agents targeting this pathway have demonstrated a proof of principle that overcoming castration resistance is possible, leading to significant changes in the landscape of treatment in this disease. The optimal combination, sequence, and pattern of use in these novel therapies will be the focus of clinical research in the near future.
Developing a Fuzzy Logic Controlled Agricultural Vehicle (2000)

This paper describes the design of a fuzzy controlled robot for use in an agricultural environment. This environment comprises of an open, but irregular terrain either supporting crops or sparsely populated with objects. This results in complex problems of identification, monitoring and control. In this paper a fuzzy controller is identified which when used with a novel sensor design can deal with both crop tracking and cutting. The controller was tested on an in-door mobile robot using two ultrasound sensors. The controller showed a good response in-spite of the irregularity of the medium as well as the imprecision in the ultrasound sensors. This Controller will be implemented on both electrical and diesel powered vehicles which can navigate in out-door farm environments.
ALGORITHMS FOR IMAGE REGISTRATION, MOVING OBJECT DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION (1983)

Image processing and analysis at video rates is a problem of wide interest. One way to perform these computations at a high data rate is to use a special parallel computer architecture. In this case, parallel algorithms must be developed which can be efficiently implemented on the parallel hardware. The research presented here is concerned with the development of fast, parallel algorithms for both the image processing and object classification phases of a real-time analysis task. Algorithms for processing include a parallel fast median filtering, pseudo median filtering, and a fast registration technique. The application of registration for temporal enhancement of the image and real-time tracking and detecting of moving objects are presented. The second phase of this research deals with shape analysis and object classification through the use of normalized moments. A new method of moment normalization has been developed to improve classification accuracy. These moments provided a set of meaningful global features which are independent of position, orientation, size and illumination of the object they represent.
Impact of age and sex correction on the diagnostic performance of dopamine transporter SPECT (2020)

These findings do not support age and sex correction of the putaminal FP-CIT SBR in the diagnostic workup of parkinsonian syndromes. This most likely is explained by the fact that the proportion of between-subjects variance caused by age and sex is considerably below the symptom threshold of about 50% reduction in neurodegenerative PS.
Polymer‐Derived Ceramics for Development of Ultra‐High Temperature Composites (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements
Adaptationism and molecular biology: An example based on ADHD (2002)

Rather than starting with traits and speculating whether selective forces drove evolution in past environments, we propose starting with a candidate gene associated with a trait and testing first for patterns of selection at the DNA level. This can provide limitations on the number of traits to be evaluated subsequently by adaptationism as described by Andrews et al.
Inhibitory Synapse Dynamics: Coordinated Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mobility and the Major Contribution of Recycled Vesicles to New Synapse Formation (2011)

Dynamics of GABAergic synaptic components have been studied previously over milliseconds to minutes, revealing mobility of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors. Here we image inhibitory synapses containing fluorescently tagged postsynaptic scaffold Gephyrin, together with presynaptic vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) or postsynaptic GABA(A) receptor γ2 subunit (GABA(A)Rγ2), over seconds to days in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, revealing modes of inhibitory synapse formation and remodeling. Entire synapses were mobile, translocating rapidly within a confined region and exhibiting greater nonstochastic motion over multihour periods. Presynaptic and postsynaptic components moved in unison, maintaining close apposition while translocating distances of several micrometers. An observed flux in the density of synaptic puncta partially resulted from the apparent merging and splitting of preexisting clusters. De novo formation of inhibitory synapses was observed, marked by the appearance of stably apposed Gephyrin and VGAT clusters at sites previously lacking either component. Coclustering of GABA(A)Rγ2 supports the identification of such new clusters as synapses. Nascent synapse formation occurred by gradual accumulation of components over several hours, with VGAT clustering preceding that of Gephyrin and GABA(A)Rγ2. Comparing VGAT labeling by active uptake of a luminal domain antibody with post hoc immunocytochemistry indicated that recycling vesicles from preexisting boutons significantly contribute to vesicle pools at the majority of new inhibitory synapses. Although new synapses formed primarily on dendrite shafts, some also formed on dendritic protrusions, without apparent interconversion. Altogether, the long-term imaging of GABAergic presynaptic and postsynaptic components reveals complex dynamics and perpetual remodeling with implications for mechanisms of assembly and synaptic integration.
IL-33, but Not IL-25, Is Crucial for the Development of House Dust Mite Antigen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis (2013)

Both interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25 induce Th2 cytokine production by various cell types, suggesting that they contribute to development of allergic disorders. However, the precise roles of IL-33 and IL-25 in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unclear. Both IL-33 and IL-25 were produced mainly by nasal epithelial cells during HDM-induced AR. Eosinophil and goblet cell counts in the nose and IL-5 levels in lymph node cell culture supernatants were significantly decreased in IL-33-deficient, but not IL-25-deficient, mice compared with wild-type mice during HDM-induced AR, but the serum IgE and IgG1 levels did not differ. On the other hand, HDM-induced AR developed similarly in wild-type mice transferred with either IL-33-deficient BM cells or wild-type BM cells. IL-33, but not IL-25, produced by nasal epithelial cells was crucial for the development of murine HDM-induced AR. These observations suggest that IL-33 neutralization may be a potential approach for treatment of HDM-induced AR in humans.
Web AR: A Promising Future for Mobile Augmented Reality—State of the Art, Challenges, and Insights (2019)

Mobile augmented reality (Mobile AR) is gaining increasing attention from both academia and industry. Hardware-based Mobile AR and App-based Mobile AR are the two dominant platforms for Mobile AR applications. However, hardware-based Mobile AR implementation is known to be costly and lacks flexibility, while the App-based one requires additional downloading and installation in advance and is inconvenient for cross-platform deployment. In comparison, Web-based AR (Web AR) implementation can provide a pervasive Mobile AR experience to users thanks to the many successful deployments of the Web as a lightweight and cross-platform service provisioning platform. Furthermore, the emergence of 5G mobile communication networks has the potential to enhance the communication efficiency of Mobile AR dense computing in the Web-based approach. We conjecture that Web AR will deliver an innovative technology to enrich our ways of interacting with the physical (and cyber) world around us. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technology and existing implementations of Mobile AR, as well as enabling technologies and challenges when AR meets the Web. Furthermore, we elaborate on the different potential Web AR provisioning approaches, especially the adaptive and scalable collaborative distributed solution which adopts the osmotic computing paradigm to provide Web AR services. We conclude this paper with the discussions of open challenges and research directions under current 3G/4G networks and the future 5G networks. We hope that this paper will help researchers and developers to gain a better understanding of the state of the research and development in Web AR and at the same time stimulate more research interest and effort on delivering life-enriching Web AR experiences to the fast-growing mobile and wireless business and consumer industry of the 21st century.