gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualisierung und Optimierung von Wassertransportpfaden in Gasdiffusionslagen einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle (2014)

The efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) operated in the low temperature range is still affected by water blockage in the porous layers. Emerging water at the catalyst layer is transported through the micro porous layer (MPL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) to be discharged in the channel. The porous layers fill up with water, so that the gas transport to the catalyst layer and hence the performance of the fuel cell are reduced. In this work synchrotron radiography and tomography are applied to analyze the water transport and the water distribution in the porous layers. With synchrotron tomography of the GDL and MPL material and with the water transport analysis during fuel cell operation, cracks in the MPL are identified as origin of water transport pathways. However, a low crack size and crack density result only in a minor enhancement of the water transport. Thus, artificial perforations are added to the porous layers by mechanical or laser treatment to enhance this water transport effect. The radiographic analysis reveals for the laser perforated GDL and MPL an improved water transport which is affirmed by a higher performance at the fuel cell test. To find the optimum in perforation size the diameter is varied between 30 mym and 400 mym. By electron microscopy analysis it is revealed that a lower laser power leads to smaller perforation sizes and a hydrophilic surrounding, whereas a higher power leads to larger perforations but causes the removal of the MPL in the surrounding. However, with synchrotron radiography a higher water transport is measured, if the perforation diameter is increased. Nevertheless an optimum in performance is achieved for a diameter of 60 mym which is caused by the water channeling effect of the hydrophilic surrounding. Under these conditions a maximum gain in performance of 23 % is achieved.
Measurement of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 in plasma (1997)

The GSTP1-1 level in serum and plasma depends on the materials and methods used to collect the samples. Only 36% of the patients with gastrointestinal tumors had elevated plasma GSTP1-1 levels that did not decrease after resection of the tumor. These findings argue against the use of GSTP1-1 as a serum or plasma marker for gastrointestinal tumors.
Antibacterial Activity of Radial Compounds with Peripheral Quaternary Ammonium Units (2010)

Quaternary ammonium functionalized radial compounds n-C10I (n = 3, 4, 8, 16), n-C10Br (n = 3, 4) and their reference non-radial compounds 1-C10X (X = Br, I) were synthesized and their antibacterial properties for gram-positive bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The antibacterial activity for tested bacteria depended on the number of the terminal quaternary ammonium unit, and the influence of the counter anion for antibacterial activity was not observed. The antibacterial activity of 3-C10X (X = I, Br) for MRSA was the highest in tested bacteria.
Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Proliferation and Multipotency of Murine Neural Precursor Cells (2005)

Stem cell research offers unique opportunities for developing new medical therapies for devastating diseases and a new way to explore fundamental questions of biology. Establishing an efficient freezing protocol for neural precursor cells (NPCs) is of great importance for advances in cell-based therapies. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorter-based cell death/survival analysis and Western blot analysis of proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and prosurvival proteins (Bcl-2) to study the effect of a variety of cryoprotective agents on fetal mouse forebrain NPCs. Neurospheres frozen at -70 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen in a rate-controlled manner and thawed after 5 days retained viability of 60%-70% measured 24 hours after thawing. However, 1 week after thawing, viability dropped to 50%-60%. Using a clonogenic sphere formation assay, we showed that recovery rate of frozen NPCs was approximately 26% and did not significantly differ between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)- and glycerol-supplemented samples. Application of the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk during freezing or in the first week after thawing resulted in protection of cryopreserved neurospheres after thawing but not during the freezing process, indicating that apoptosis limits recovery of NPCs. Cell survival was not reduced in cells that were enzymatically separated before cryopreservation. Optimal protection of NPCs was achieved when 10% DMSO alone or in a combination with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was used. However, 10% glycerol alone was equally effective. Using these protocols, NPCs retained their multipotency and differentiated into both glial (GFAP-positive) and neuronal (Tuj1-positive) cells. Percentage of Tuj1-positive cells in 5% and 10% DMSO, in 10% DMSO + 10% FCS, and in 10% glycerol remained at the same level as before freezing and varied from 5%-7%. We conclude that cryopreservation (up to 1 month at -70 degrees C and up to 1 year in liquid nitrogen) does not markedly alter the rate of proliferation and multipotency of murine neural precursor cells.
Rapid response flow cytometric assay for the detection of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a previously unknown zoonotic coronavirus that spread worldwide causing a serious pandemic. While reliable nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays were rapidly available, there exists only a limited number of validated serological assays. Here, we evaluated a novel flow cytometric approach based on antigen-expressing HEK 293T cells to assess spike-specific IgG and IgM antibody responses. Analyses of 201 pre-COVID-19 sera proved a high assay specificity in comparison to commercially available CLIA and ELISA systems, while also revealing the highest sensitivity in specimens from PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Additionally, a soluble Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) variant was established as external standard to quantify spike-specific antibody responses on different assay platforms. In conclusion, our newly established flow cytometric assay allows sensitive and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, which can be easily adopted in different laboratories and does not rely on external supply of assay kits.
Evaluating the fire retardation efficiency of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate and magnesium carbonate minerals on Pistacia lentiscus L (2006)

The retardation properties of diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium sulfate (AS) and a mixture of huntite/hydromagnesite minerals were studied on particle foliar combustion of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Mastic tree) collected from wildland/urban zones near Athens. Two methods were employed for this study. The first is thermal analysis (TG, DTG, SDTA), that uses samples of 15-17 mg under oxygen atmosphere conditions to favour complete combustion. The second is a laboratory-scale method (similar to the one described by the 79/831 European Commission Directive for testing relative self ignition properties of solid materials), that uses samples of 2.5 g under static air conditions and low heating rate to ensure smoldering combustion. Both methods concluded that DAP and AS are the most effective retardants, with each presenting better performance at different properties, while the minerals are the least efficient ones.
Observation of Shapiro-Steps in AFM-Plough Micron-Size YBCO Planar Constrictions (2009)

Using an atomic force microscope (AFM), we successfully ploughed micron size planar constriction type junctions on YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-x</sub> thin films. The 100 nanometer (nm) thin films are deposited on MgO substrates by an inverted cylindrical magnetron (ICM) sputtering technique. The films are then patterned into 8-10 micron size strips, using photolithography and dry etching. A diamond coated tip was used with the AFM in this process. We were able to observe well defined current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and Shapiro-steps, successfully demonstrating a possible Josephson effect in these constrictions.
Hydration of Calcium Silicate Compounds Containing Chlorine. (1997)

塩素を含んだカルシウムケイ酸塩(アリナイト)の水和や水和生成物のについて,普通ボルトラソドセメソトの主要構成鉱物であるエーライトとそれにCaClO2を添加した場合とを比較した.初期反応について,水和発熱をコンダクション熱量計により測定した.エーライトならびにそれにCaClO2を添加した場合共に,誘導期が存在するが,アリナイトでは誘導期は存在しない.アリナイトの反応率は,反応時間1日,3日共にエーライトよりも高い値を示した.反応時間28日での反応率は約80%であった.一方,生成するCa(OH)2量は反応時間1日から28日までエーライトの方が大きな値を示した.生成するカルシウムケイ酸塩水和物のCaO/SiO2比は,エーライトに比べてアリナイトの方が大きい.アリナイトから生成するものは一部塩素を含み,そのCl/SiOO2比は0.3であった.
Pelvic connective tissue resilience decreases with vaginal delivery, menopause and uterine prolapse (2003)

Where pelvic floor muscles are weakened, decreases in pelvic connective tissue resilience related to the menopause may facilitate progression to symptomatic pelvic visceral prolapse.
Refinery: Visual Exploration of Large, Heterogeneous Networks through Associative Browsing (2015)

Abstract Browsing is a fundamental aspect of exploratory information‐seeking. Associative browsing represents a common and intuitive set of exploratory strategies in which users step iteratively from familiar to novel bits of information. In this paper, we examine associative browsing as a strategy for bottom‐up exploration of large, heterogeneous networks. We present Refinery, an interactive visualization system informed by guidelines for associative browsing drawn from literature on exploratory information‐seeking. These guidelines motivate Refinery's query model, which allows users to simply and expressively construct queries using heterogeneous sets of nodes. This system computes degree‐of‐interest scores for associated content using a fast, random‐walk algorithm. Refinery visualizes query nodes within a subgraph of results, providing explanatory context, facilitating serendipitous discovery, and stimulating continued exploration. A study of 12 academic researchers using Refinery to browse publication data demonstrates how the system enables discovery of valuable new content, even within existing areas of expertise.
High density low power full CMOS SRAM cell technology with STI and CVD Ti/TiN barrier metal (2003)

A novel full CMOS SRAM cell had been developed for low power applications. The cell size is 5.038 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with 0.2 /spl mu/m design rule. Extremely low standby current was achieved by adopting the continuous active patterns in the cell layout to reduce shallow trench isolation (STI) induced leakage current by minimizing the STI induced stress compared to the conventional isolated active cell. Also, the feasibility of CVD Ti/TiN barrier metal for filling the deep small contacts had been proven for the first time. An 8 Mbits low power SRAM was developed successfully using this technology.
Spin-dependent recombination probed through the dielectric polarizability (2015)

Despite residing in an energetically and structurally disordered landscape, the spin degree of freedom remains a robust quantity in organic semiconductor materials due to the weak coupling of spin and orbital states. This enforces spin-selectivity in recombination processes which plays a crucial role in optoelectronic devices, for example, in the spin-dependent recombination of weakly bound electron-hole pairs, or charge-transfer states, which form in a photovoltaic blend. Here, we implement a detection scheme to probe the spin-selective recombination of these states through changes in their dielectric polarizability under magnetic resonance. Using this technique, we access a regime in which the usual mixing of spin-singlet and spin-triplet states due to hyperfine fields is suppressed by microwave driving. We present a quantitative model for this behaviour which allows us to estimate the spin-dependent recombination rate, and draw parallels with the Majorana-Brossel resonances observed in atomic physics experiments.
Pulse time and agarose concentration affect the electrophoretic mobility of cccDNA during electrophoresis in CHEF and In FIGE (1989)

Circular DNAs have been shown to migrate in an unusual manner during field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) and orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). We studied the effect of varying pulse time and agarose concentration on the electrophoretic mobility of supercoiled (ccc) DNAs ranging from 2 kbp to 16 kbp during FIGE and contoured homogeneous electric fields (CHEF). Both supercoiled and linear molecules display a minimum mobility as a function of pulse time in a CHEF apparatus. Linear and cccDNAs of the same size are differently affected by pulse time. Pulse-time dependence was observed for cccDNAs in both systems. Pulse-time dependence in FIGE is very small at a 1.0% agarose concentration, but is pronounced in 0.8% or 1.2% gels.
Development of High Performance R410A Scroll Compressor for Gas Engine Heat Pump (2004)

In order to respond to the increase of customer’s demands for economical efficiency and environmental protection, we have developed a new scroll compressor using HFC-410A (R410A) for commercial gas heat pump (GHP) which is known for its energy saving and comfort. The new scroll compressor requires high efficiency as stated above. In addition, the operating time and the life span of the GHP compressor is long about 10 years. Therefore, the GHP compressor also requires high reliability. To meet these requirements, we have developed the compressor by adopting a new scroll profile and reduction of frictional loss in the thrust bearing. We have ensured high reliability of the strength of scroll wall and efficiency by a new scroll profile. And the loss of the thrust bearing has been minimized by the elemental friction test. By these technologies, the efficiency has been improved of 20% compared with the conventional reciprocating compressor. In addition, the reliability of the journal bearings has been improved by the oil tank installed separately from the compressor housing. This paper shows the specification and the technology of the GHP scroll compressor, which enables high efficiency and high reliability.
Adsorption Characteristics of Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution onto Chitosan (2011)

Abstract Adsorption of reactive black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solution onto chitosan was investigated in a batch system. The effects of solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature were studied. Adsorption data obtained from different batch experiments were modeled using both pseudo first‐ and second‐order kinetic equations. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich, Tempkin, and Langmuir isotherms over a dye concentration range of 45–100 µmol/L. The best results were achieved with the pseudo second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm equilibrium models, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity ( q e ) was increased with increasing the initial dye concentration and solution temperature, and decreasing solution pH. The chitosan flakes for the adsorption of the dye was regenerated efficiently through the alkaline solution and was then reused for dye removal. The activation energy ( E a ) of sorption kinetics was estimated to be 13.88 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in free energy (Δ G ), enthalpy (Δ H ), and entropy (Δ S ) were evaluated by applying the van't Hoff equation. The thermodynamics of reactive dye adsorption by chitosan indicates its spontaneous and endothermic nature.
Serology of Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni ("related" Campylobacters). Demonstration of strain-specific and interstrain-related antigens by immunoelectrophoresis and co-agglutination. (1980)

Rabbit antisera against two strains of Campylobacter fetus ss. fetus (serotype A), two strains of C. fetus ss. intestinalis (serotypes A and B respectively), and eight stains of C. fetus ss. jejuni were used in serological studies of these strains with the use of co-agglutination (COA), line-rocket immunoelectrophoresis (L-RIE) and rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis (R-LIE). Whole bacterial cells, either heated at 56 degrees C. boiled or atuoclaved, were used in COA tests. Unheated sonicates were used in L-RIE, and sonicates, unheated, boiled or autoclaved, in R-LIE. The antigenic properties of C. fetus ss. fetus and C. fetus ss. intestinalis were distinctly different from those of the thermophilic C. fetus ss. jejuni strains as shown both by COA and L-RIE. Serotypes A and B of the two former species were also differentiated. In COA tests the C. fetus ss. jejui=ni organisms gave the strongest reactions with homologous antibodies, but several interstrain cross-reactions were seen. By absorption strain specific COA reagents were obtained. Several reactions of identity indicating cross-reactive antigens were also seen with L-RIE within the ss. jejuni group. These results generally agreed with those obtained by COA. With the use of unheated, boiled or autoclaved organisms or sonicates heat labile antigens were differentiated from heat stable ones with the use of COA and R-LIE. The apparent antigenic heterogeneity of Campylobacteria indicates the importance of their serological grouping, e.g. for clinical and epidemiological investigations. COA and immunoelectrophoresis techniques can be effectively applied for such studies.
[French military pharmacists during campaign in Tunisia (1881-1887): Paul-Louis Roeser and Carle Gessard, and others]. (2008)

The military campaign in Tunisia, conducted by the French army from 1881, under the respective governments of Jules Ferry and Gambetta, induced the presence of military pharmacists; especially two friends: P.-L. Roeser and C. Gessard, both trained at Val-de-Grace hospital in Paris. The present paper reviews the military pharmacists that were part of this campaign in 1881 and 1882, and looks at their biography. These pharmacists prefigure what will be the so called "pharmacien-chimiste" of the French army and the pharmacists of the "Corps de Santé special aux Colonies et aux pays du Protectorat" (Special healthcare troups for colonies and Protectorats), for which specific statuts will appear a few years later.
Analysis of P210bcr-abl tyrosine protein kinase activity in various subtypes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. (1987)

An altered c-abl gene product (P210bcr-abl) possessing associated tyrosine protein kinase activity was recently been reported in several blast chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines. We have examined different morphological types of leukocytes directly obtained from patients at the blast crisis stage of CML for expression of P210bcr-abl tyrosine protein kinase activity. Phosphorylation of P210bcr-abl in an immune complex kinase assay using an anti-v-abl peptide serum was observed in blast cells from four Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive CML patients in blast crisis. P210bcr-abl protein kinase activity was detected regardless of whether the blast cells were of myeloid, lymphoid, or undifferentiated morphology. P210bcr-abl protein kinase activity was not detected in immune complexes either from leukocytes of four Ph1-negative CML patients in blast crisis, of five acute myelogenous leukemia patients, or in the promyelocytic cell line HL-60. Mature myeloid cells are associated with an inhibitory factor for not only P210bcr-abl protein kinase activity, but also protein kinases in general. Therefore, analyses of Ph1-positive benign phase CML myeloid cells, the majority of which are well differentiated, could not be successfully performed. The inhibition of P210bcr-abl protein kinase activity is not a specific property of mature cells from CML patients since granulocytes from a normal volunteer also demonstrated a similar effect. However, extracts of Ph1-positive cultured B-lymphocytes from a patient in benign phase demonstrated active P210bcr-abl protein indicating that the P210bcr-abl protein is expressed in an enzymatically active form in the earlier phases of CML. In addition to the previously reported P210 and P190 abl-related proteins, a novel Mr 53,000 protein was found to undergo phosphorylation at serine and tyrosine in immune complex kinase assays of two blast crisis CML cell lines (K562 and EM2) and in samples from blast crisis patients in which P210bcr-abl was detected. Peptide mapping by the Cleveland technique suggested that Mr 53,000 protein is unrelated to P210bcr-abl. Immune complex kinase assays of K562 cells with an anti-src serum (GD-11) yielded active c-src kinase and a Mr 50,000 phosphorylated protein, both of which were resistant to alkaline hydrolysis. Peptide mapping suggested that Mr 53,000 protein is related to Mr 50,000 protein which is precipitated with P210bcr-abl as an Mr 300,000 protein complex.
Satisfying real-time constraints with custom instructions (2005)

Instruction-set extensible processors allow an existing processor core to be extended with application-specific custom instructions. In this paper, we explore a novel application of instruction-set extensions to meet timing constraints in real-time embedded systems. In order to satisfy real-time constraints, the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a task should be reduced as opposed to its average-case execution time. Unfortunately, existing custom instruction selection techniques based on average-case profile information may not reduce a task's WCET. We first develop an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to choose optimal instruction-set extensions for reducing the WCET. However, ILP solutions for this problem are often too expensive to compute. Therefore, we also propose an efficient and scalable heuristic that obtains quite close to the optimal results. Experiment results indicate that suitable choice of custom instructions can reduce the WCET of our benchmark programs by as much as 42% (23.5% on an average).
Design of a Novel Fab‐Like Antibody Fragment with Enhanced Stability and Affinity for Clinical use (Small Methods 2/2022) (2022)

Front Cover In article number 2100966, Hong, Wu, Ying and coworkers provide a novel approach to antibody design in which the CH1 and CL domains of Fab were replaced by the engineered IgG1 CH3 domains. This novel Fab-like antibody fragment, designated as FabCH3, has higher stability and antigen-binding affinity than the parental Fab. The superior efficacy of FabCH3 over Fab has also been demonstrated in vivo.
Figure S3 from Persistence of Bronchial Dysplasia Is Associated with Development of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure S3. Sites that show HGD in follow-up biopsies are more frequent in subjects that have prevalent (Prev) or develop incident (Inc) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as compared to those without cancer (No CA). *p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;
Structure of photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (isoformA4) fromArabidopsis thalianain complex with NAD (2010)

The crystal structure of the A(4) isoform of photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Arabidopsis thaliana, expressed in recombinant form and complexed with NAD, is reported. The crystals, which were grown in 2.4 M ammonium sulfate and 0.1 M sodium citrate, belonged to space group I222. The asymmetric unit includes ten subunits, i.e. two independent tetramers plus a dimer that generates a third tetramer by a crystallographic symmetry operation. The crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to an R factor of 23.7% and an R(free) factor of 28.9% at 2.6 A resolution. In the final model, each subunit binds one NAD(+) molecule and two sulfates, which occupy the P(s) and the P(i) anion-binding sites. Detailed knowledge of this structure is instrumental for structural investigation of supramolecular complexes of A(4)-GAPDH, phosphoribulokinase and CP12, which are involved in the regulation of photosynthesis in the model plant A. thaliana.