gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Addition Pattern on the Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Neutral and Reduced 1,2- and 1,4-(C6H5CH2)2C60 Isomers (2000)

The spectral and electrochemical properties of isomeric 1,2- and 1,4-adducts of fullerenes of the type R2C60 have been examined in their neutral, singly and/or doubly reduced forms. The first reduction potentials of 1,2- and 1,4-(C6H5CH2)2C60 in PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP are the same within experimental error but the second and third reductions of the two isomers differ by 50 mV, with the 1,2-isomer being easier to reduce. Much larger differences, however, are seen in the near-IR spectra of the singly and doubly reduced organofullerene isomers. The monoanion of 1,2-R2C60 possesses an absorption band at about 1000 nm, while the dianion has a band at around 900 nm. The 1,4-R2C60 derivatives also show bands at similar wavelengths in their monoanionic and dianionic forms, but there is a second near-IR band at 1500 (monoanion) or 1300 nm (dianion).
The rydberg constant (1974)

Abstract The Rydberg constant is one of the most important constants of atomic physics bemuse of its connection with the fundamental atomic constants (e, h, mc, c), and because of the high accuracy with which it can be determined. In this review the Rydberg constant is seen in its historical context, in relation to the spectra of hydrogen and ionized helium, and in relation to the atomic constants in general. Some of the problems which arise in its experimental determination are discussed and recent work using the techniques of high-resolution spectroscopy is described. A new technique—saturated absorption spectroscopy—is also described. This promises an improvement in accuracy by at least an order of magnitude. It is shown how work now in progress calls for a new definition of the base unit of length.
Operational modal analysis and continuous dynamic monitoring of high‐rise building based on wireless distributed synchronized data acquisition system (2022)

The paper mainly reports the structural dynamic behaviors of a skyscraper under operational conditions based on a wireless distributed synchronized data acquisition (WDSA) system. First, the WDSA system is developed to conveniently acquire the structural responses from a large and complex structure with the unified Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time information. The phase synchronization accuracy of the WDSA method is validated by comparing the modal parameters estimated by both wired central data acquisition (WCA) and the WDSA systems. Subsequently, the dynamic properties of a skyscraper are presented by performing operational modal analysis (OMA) based on the proposed WDSA system. Finally, the WDSA-based continuous dynamic monitoring system is further developed to capture the long-term structural responses at different spatial positions. The structural dynamic behaviors of the skyscraper under normal wind, typhoon and earthquake conditions are reported. The structural “whiplash effect” under both normal wind and earthquake conditions are characterized by the acceleration-based accumulated contribution factor.
Cyclosporin A prodrugs: design, synthesis and biophysical properties (2004)

The cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA) has a remarkable spectrum of diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiparasitic as well as immunosuppressive activities. However, the low water solubility of this drug is a serious problem causing undesirable pharmacological properties such as erratic oral absorption. In order to overcome this problem, the design and synthesis of water-soluble prodrugs of CsA are described. Using the OH-MeBmt-1-group as attachment site, we investigate dipeptide systems exhibiting differential tendencies for intramolecular cyclization [diketopiperazine (DKP) formation] for tailoring the chemoreversible release of the parent CsA. In modulating the chemical and structural features of the dipeptide esters (N-alkylation, side chains, C-terminal Pro), we find conversion rates at physiological conditions ranging from minutes to several days. Together with their thermodynamic stability in the solid state and strongly enhanced solubility in water, these chemoreversible CsA prodrugs represent versatile candidates for therapeutical use.
Targeting Cognition and Networks Through Neural Oscillations (2019)

This Viewpoint discusses brain stimulation technologies that can be delivered in phase with neural oscillation frequencies to target specific cognition and network activity, potentially increasing the effectiveness of neuromodulation therapies for psychiatric illnesses.
Contemporary trends in cardiac electrophysiology procedures in the United States, and impact of a global pandemic (2022)

Rates of EP procedures have increased among Medicare beneficiaries, with catheter-based procedures now eclipsing CIEDs. Additionally, a greater proportion of catheter-based EP procedures are PVI, but they still represent a minority of all ablations. In 2020, rates of EP procedures were attenuated, yet the proportion of PVI ablations increased to over one-fourth of ablation procedures. These data have important implications for the EP workforce.
Fe3O4@MnO2@PPy nanocomposites overcome hypoxia: magnetic-targeting-assisted controlled chemotherapy and enhanced photodynamic/photothermal therapy (2018)

Considering traditional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, with their potential side effects and lack of targeting, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), being innovative, with less side effects, and light-controlled strategies for antitumour applications, have received extensive attention, but the efficacy of PDT is seriously hindered by the hypoxia tumour microenvironment. Here, a multifunctional nanocomposite composed of an iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) core and two shells of manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) and polypyrrole (PPy) was successfully prepared and used to solve these issues. PPy, simultaneously as the photothermal agent and photosensitizer, was first combined with MnO<sub>2</sub> to coat magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for achieving an increase in the intracellular O<sub>2</sub> concentration and to improve the generation ability of singlet oxygen upon laser irradiation, so that enhanced PDT/PTT could be obtained. After the efficient loading of doxorubicin (DOX) on the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MnO<sub>2</sub>@PPy nanocomposite, an acid controlled-release behaviour for DOX as well as magnetic-targeting-assisted synergistic effects of chemotherapy and improved PDT/PTT for tumour cells could be realized, which could also protect normal cells from damage. All these features may render our nanocomposite a promising platform to reverse hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance and chemotherapy-caused side effects in cancer therapy and other biomedical applications.
Product code framework for 3D model transmission over WCDMA networks (2006)

A product code forward error correction (FEC) scheme for progressively compressed 3D model transmission over WCDMA networks is proposed. Unequal error protection (UEP) Reed Solomon (RS) coding is used to protect against packet losses at the application layer, while convolutional coding is used to protect against bit errors at the link layer. Bit allocation is done in a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) framework to determine optimal source and channel rates that minimize end-to-end distortion. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2014 (2015)

In 2000, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), with MDG4 being a two-thirds reduction in child mortality by 2015, and with measles vaccination coverage being one of the three indicators of progress toward this goal.* In 2010, the World Health Assembly established three milestones for measles control by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) for children aged 1 year to ≥90% nationally and ≥80% in every district; 2) reduce global annual measles incidence to fewer than five cases per million population; and 3) reduce global measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate (1).† In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan§ with the objective to eliminate measles in four World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2015. WHO member states in all six WHO regions have adopted measles elimination goals. This report updates the 2000–2013 report (2) and describes progress toward global control and regional measles elimination during 2000–2014. During this period, annual reported measles incidence declined 73% worldwide, from 146 to 40 cases per million population, and annual estimated measles deaths declined 79%, from 546,800 to 114,900. However, progress toward the 2015 milestones and elimination goals has slowed markedly since 2010. To resume progress toward milestones and goals for measles elimination, a review of current strategies and challenges to improving program performance is needed, and countries and their partners need to raise the visibility of measles elimination, address barriers to measles vaccination, and make substantial and sustained additional investments in strengthening health systems.
Broadside coupled striplines and suspended substrate microstrip lines for millimetre-wave applications (1987)

This paper presents, for the first time, design models of broadside coupled striplines and suspended substrate microstriplines which can be implemented on personal computers. The models have been obtained from the results of conformal transformation on homogeneous striplines, equivalence of the odd-mode with the quasi TEM mode of covered microstripline and logarithmic regression of spectral domain results. The present models represent at least an order of magnitude improvement in the computation time relative to the present numerical techniques. The design models presented will therefore be vital for fast and accurate computer aided design and optimization of microwave and millimeter-wave filters, couplers, DC blocks, mixers and various other useful circuits.
A new, fast, data acquisition system for the NPOI (2012)

A new hardware system is being implemented at The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) to vastly increase the data recording capabilities of the observatory. NPOI has three spectrographs each with 32 channels ranging the visible spectrum. Siderostat path lengths are modulated at 500 Hz strokes to create fringe patterns. The new system will be able to record and use all of the data generated, unlike the existing system. Utilizing parallel architecture of FPGA‟s, all channels are processed simultaneously and piped to a host computer via DMA such that an entire stroke‟s data is made available before the start of the next stroke. This is expected to increase the amount of scientific data from the NPOI by an order of magnitude over the current system. Furthermore, this data can also be used to provide feedback to the delay lines to close the fringe tracking loop. In this paper we discuss the hardware and software components of the new system and current progress.
The nucleosomal core histone octamer at 3.1 A resolution: a tripartite protein assembly and a left-handed superhelix. (1991)

The structure of the octameric histone core of the nucleosome has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 3.1 A. The histone octamer is a tripartite assembly in which a centrally located (H3-H4)2 tetramer is flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. It has a complex outer surface; depending on the perspective, the structure appears as a wedge or as a flat disk. The disk represents the planar projection of a left-handed proteinaceous superhelix with approximately 28 A pitch. The diameter of the particle is 65 A and the length is 60 A at its maximum and approximately 10 A at its minimum extension; these dimensions are in agreement with those reported earlier by Klug et al. [Klug, A., Rhodes, D., Smith, J., Finch, J. T. & Thomas, J. O. (1980) Nature (London) 287, 509-516]. The folded histone chains are elongated rather than globular and are assembled in a characteristic "handshake" motif. The individual polypeptides share a common central structural element of the helix-loop-helix type, which we name the histone fold.
Comparison of Kasai Autocorrelation and Maximum Likelihood Estimators for Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (2013)

In optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound, unbiased Doppler frequency estimators with low variance are desirable for blood velocity estimation. Hardware improvements in OCT mean that ever higher acquisition rates are possible, which should also, in principle, improve estimation performance. Paradoxically, however, the widely used Kasai autocorrelation estimator's performance worsens with increasing acquisition rate. We propose that parametric estimators based on accurate models of noise statistics can offer better performance. We derive a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) based on a simple additive white Gaussian noise model, and show that it can outperform the Kasai autocorrelation estimator. In addition, we also derive the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB), and show that the variance of the MLE approaches the CRLB for moderate data lengths and noise levels. We note that the MLE performance improves with longer acquisition time, and remains constant or improves with higher acquisition rates. These qualities may make it a preferred technique as OCT imaging speed continues to improve. Finally, our work motivates the development of more general parametric estimators based on statistical models of decorrelation noise.
Decreased inhibition of proteolysis by osteoarthritic synovial fluids. (1986)

The hypothesis, that part of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis may be due to the diminished ability of the osteoarthritic synovial fluid to restrict proteolysis, has been tested by a functional biochemical assay for such inhibitory activity. The results from six synovial fluids from normal or mildly osteoarthritic knees were compared with those from seven from joints showing moderately severe or severe osteoarthritis. Whether on the basis of 'per mg protein' or 'per millilitre' of the fluids, the latter showed a clearly diminished capacity for inhibiting proteolysis under the conditions of this assay.
Leveraging Embedded Training Systems to Build Higher Level Cognitive Skills in Warfighters (2009)

Embedded Training Systems provide a new opportunity for training not only procedural or systems skills, but also the higher-level cognitive skills that are critical for successful performance on today’s battlefield. We have developed a principled approach for training the essential cognitive skills underlying high levels of situation awareness (SA) and decision making that can be easily employed in future embedded training systems so as to significantly enhance this critical commodity. These training approaches include (1) SA Trainer which employs systematic experiential-based training to build essential knowledge bases and higher-order cognitive skills, (2) Virtual Environment Situation Awareness Review System (VESARS) which employs informed feedback on SA skills, team communications, and the accuracy and completeness of SA, and (3) the SA Virtual Instructor (SAVI) which builds critical SA skills by calibration of good and poor SA practices. New systems being built for C4ISR and other battlefield operations increasingly include embedded training capabilities – that is training that occurs on the actual systems and devices the soldier normally uses to perform his or her duties. While some of this training may take the form of more traditional
General Synergetic Control Strategies for Arbitrary Number of Paralleled Buck Converters Feeding Constant Power Load: Implementation of Dynamic Current Sharing (2006)

The inability of linear controls to predict dynamic behavior of nonlinear system leads to chaotic behavior of the system and sometimes could result in a system collapse. The advantage of synergetic control design is that it results in an analytical control law that reduces the dynamic order of the system, compensates for system nonlinearity by a particular choice of coefficients, and ensures asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. Our paper presents generalized control strategies for the system of an arbitrary number of paralleled buck converters feeding a constant power load. Using these generalized control strategies we develop a family of control strategies for a particular system of two buck converters covering a range of operating regimes. We show the impact on system dynamics of several different coordination algorithms that control transition between strategies. Finally, we describe how including a current limiting feature into the control decreases electrical stress on the switching components and we put forward a load estimator that simplifies the control strategies
Electric-Field-Induced Order–Order Transition from Hexagonally Perforated Lamellae to Lamellae (2015)

Block copolymers form a variety of microphase morphologies due to their ability to phase separate. The hexagonally perforated lamellar (HPL) morphology represents an unusually long-lived, nonequilibrium transient structure between lamellar and cylindrical phases. We present a detailed study of a concentrated, HPL-forming poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymer solution in toluene in the presence of an electric field. We will show that this phase is readily aligned by a moderate electric field and provide experimental evidence for an electric-field-induced order–order transition toward the lamellar phase under sufficiently strong fields. This process is shown to be fully reversible as lamellar perforations reconnect immediately upon secession of the external stimulus, recovering highly aligned perforated lamellae.
Automated 13CO2 analyzing system for the 13C breath test. (1987)

An automated 13CO2 analyzing system for the 13C breath test was designed, built and evaluated. The system, which was designed to be controlled by a micro-computer, includes CO2 purification, 13CO2 abundance measurement, data processing and data filing. This article gives the description of the whole system with flow charts. This system has proved to work well and it has become feasible to dispose of 5 to 6 CO2 samples per hour. With such a system, the 13C breath test will be carried out much more easily and will obtain much greater popularity.
Synthesis of 1,1,1‐Tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)amine‐2‐acylimide (1976)

Abstract 1,1,1‐Tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)amine‐2‐acylimide (I) was prepared by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate, ethylene oxide, and fatty acid methyl ester. Reaction conditions such as solvent, reaction temperature, and molar ratio of reactants were investigated, and (I) was obtained in 73% yield by heating an isopropanol solution of hydrazine hydrate, methyl palmitate, and ethylene oxide in molar ratio of 1:6:6 at 80 C for 2 hr.
FLUOROSCOPIC NAVIGATION: MULTI-PLANNER X-RAY GUIDANCE WITH MINIMAL RADIATION EXPOSURE: PRELIMINARY CLINICAL DATA (2002)

Introduction: Fluoroscopy is routinely used for real-time intra-operative localization of patient anatomy and surgical instrument positioning. Using this radiographic information the orthopedic surgeon inserts different implants into bone. Despite its utility, however, fluoroscopy does have disadvantages. The most notable is potential occupational radiation exposure. Conventional fluoroscopy usually provides only one plane at a time, whereas at least two planes are needed for optimal placement of an implant. By combining a standard C-arm fluoroscopy with computer aided surgical technology, radiation exposure can be eliminated and four different planes can be visualized simultaneously. This study presents data of preliminary clinical experience using this new technology. Material and methods: The Stealth Station Treatment Guidance Platform System by Medtronic was used. The calibration target was attached to a C-arm fluoroscope. The static reference arc which was attached to the patient and various surgical tools. All with affixed light emitting diodes (LEDs) which were seen by the Infra Red camera. After a short registration process in which the relevant anatomy images were acquired, the C-arm was withdrawn and the entry point to the operated anatomy was determined using the navigation capabilities of the system. During a period of six months, 31 patients underwent different surgical procedures in which a guided wire was used for: percutaneous fixation of unstable pelvis and hip fractures (13 patients), inserting and locking of an intrameduallry nail (12 patients), inserting pedicular screws (2 patients), or removing foreign-bodies or internal fixations (4 patients). In all cases the placement of the hardware was approved by conventional fluoroscopy as well. Results: Excellent correlation between the virtual fluoroscopic imaging and live fluoroscopy was observed, thus the placement of the wire in all cases was satisfactory and there was no need to change the position of the wire following the live fluoroscopic confirmation. The number of fluoroscopic buttoning was smaller than the average number in similar surgery using conventional fluoroscopy. Discussion: According to our preliminary clinical experience it seems that virtual fluoroscopy offers several advantages over conventional fluoroscopy while providing acceptable targeting accuracy. Our impression is that its saves fluoroscopic radiation exposure and improves exactness of the procedure. However, since currently only one reference arc can be detected at a time by the guidance system it can be used only in a stable anatomical situations (such as non-displaced fractures or pedicular screw placements). The use of better-oriented surgical instrumentation and more than one reference point detection will significantly improve the clinical potential of this method.
Effects of Blade Deformation on the Performance of a High Flow Coefficient Mixed Flow Impeller (2015)

The effects of blade deformation under running conditions on the performance of a highly loaded transonic mixed flow impeller were investigated. Two impellers were manufactured, one using the “running” blade profiles as designed and one using the converted “unrunning” or “cold” geometry. Both impellers were tested experimentally and investigated numerically. The test data taken with smooth casing showed that at maximum speed, the isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio of the running geometry was higher than the unrunning geometry by about 0.4% and 1.4%, respectively. However, the difference in performance diminished in the presence of recirculating casing treatment. Numerical calculations suggested that the differences at high speeds were mainly due to the variation in the impeller tip clearance. The calculations using deformed blade profiles under centrifugal load only, predicted performance differences which were about twice as high as the measured values. However, closer predictions were obtained when the effects of pressure loads on blade deformation were included using closely coupled fluid-structural analyses.