gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PTPv2-based network load estimation and its application to QoE monitoring for Over-the-Top services (2014)

The recently-standardized Precision Time Protocol v2 (PTPv2) aims at achieving sub-microsecond-level synchronization between network clocks. In this work, we make the case for an alternative use of it: Adopting a learning approach, we observe its delay behavior during the protocol message exchange, derive models of its dependence on network load and build a real-time load estimation service. Then, as an application scenario of this service, we turn our attention to the provision of Over-the-Top (OTT) services. In such an environment, and assuming a level of cooperation between the ISP and the OTT provider, we demonstrate how our service can be used for estimating user experience for web applications. To this end, we establish quantitatively the link between network load and user experience using a state-of-the-art web QoE monitoring framework, and show how our PTPv2-based load estimation scheme can be integrated in an OTT service architecture and be utilized for load-aware, QoE-optimized content delivery decisions.
$α$-Information-theoretic Privacy Watchdog and Optimal Privatization Scheme (2021)

This paper proposes an $α$-lift measure for data privacy and determines the optimal privatization scheme that minimizes the $α$-lift in the watchdog method. To release data $X$ that is correlated with sensitive information $S$, the ratio $l(s,x) = \frac{p(s|x)}{p(s)} $ denotes the `lift' of the posterior belief on $S$ and quantifies data privacy. The $α$-lift is proposed as the $L_α$-norm of the lift: $\ell_α(x) = \| (\cdot,x) \|_α = (E[l(S,x)^α])^{1/α}$. This is a tunable measure: When $α&lt; \infty$, each lift is weighted by its likelihood of appearing in the dataset (w.r.t. the marginal probability $p(s)$); For $α= \infty$, $α$-lift reduces to the existing maximum lift. To generate the sanitized data $Y$, we adopt the privacy watchdog method using $α$-lift: Obtain $\mathcal{X}_ε$ containing all $x$'s such that $\ell_α(x) &gt; e^ε$; Apply the randomization $r(y|x)$ to all $x \in \mathcal{X}_ε$, while all other $x \in \mathcal{X} \setminus \mathcal{X}_ε$ are published directly. For the resulting $α$-lift $\ell_α(y)$, it is shown that the Sibson mutual information $I_α^{S}(S;Y)$ is proportional to $E[ \ell_α(y)]$. We further define a stronger measure $\bar{I}_α^{S}(S;Y)$ using the worst-case $α$-lift: $\max_{y} \ell_α(y)$. We prove that the optimal randomization $r^*(y|x)$ that minimizes both $I_α^{S}(S;Y)$ and $\bar{I}_α^{S}(S;Y)$ is $X$-invariant, i.e., $r^*(y|x) = R(y), \forall x\in \mathcal{X}_ε$ for any probability distribution $R$ over $y \in \mathcal{X}_ε$. Numerical experiments show that $α$-lift can provide flexibility in the privacy-utility tradeoff.
Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 121 Are Associated with Distinct Clinical Entities (2013)

We investigated the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex CC121 by mutation discovery at 115 genetic housekeeping loci from each of 154 isolates, sampled on five continents between 1953 and 2009. In addition, we pyro-sequenced the genomes from ten representative isolates. The genome-wide SNPs that were ascertained revealed the evolutionary history of CC121, indicating at least six major clades (A to F) within the clonal complex and dating its most recent common ancestor to the pre-antibiotic era. The toxin gene complement of CC121 isolates was correlated with their SNP-based phylogeny. Moreover, we found a highly significant association of clinical phenotypes with phylogenetic affiliations, which is unusual for S. aureus. All isolates evidently sampled from superficial infections (including staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo, exfoliative dermatitis, conjunctivitis) clustered in clade F, which included the European epidemic fusidic-acid resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC). In comparison, isolates from deep-seated infections (abscess, furuncle, pyomyositis, necrotizing pneumonia) were disseminated in several clades, but not in clade F. Our results demonstrate that phylogenetic lineages with distinct clinical properties exist within an S. aureus clonal complex, and that SNPs serve as powerful discriminatory markers, able to identify these lineages. All CC121 genomes harboured a 41-kilobase prophage that was dissimilar to S. aureus phages sequenced previously. Community-associated MRSA and MSSA from Cambodia were extremely closely related, suggesting this MRSA arose in the region.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF FORMAL CHARGE ON THE HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER RATE AT A MERCURY‐DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE INTERFACE FOR A SERIES OF ORGANIC SALTS (1976)

Abstract Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die heterogene Einelektronenreduktion der 1,4‐ Diphosphoniacyclohexadien‐(2,5)‐Salze (I), der Nitrophenyltriphenylphosphoniumund ‐trimethylammonium‐Salze (II) sowie für K‐p‐nitrophenylacetat (III) an einer Hg‐Tropfelektrode in DMF werden mit Hilfe der Wechselstrompolarographie ermittelt.
Liquid biopsy for infectious diseases: Sequencing of cell-free plasma to detect pathogen DNA in patients with invasive fungal disease (2018)

Abstract Diagnosis of life-threatening deep-seated infections currently requires invasive sampling of the infected tissue to provide a microbiologic diagnosis. These procedures can lead to high morbidity in patients and add to healthcare costs. Here we describe a novel next-generation sequencing assay that was used to detect pathogen-derived cell-free DNA in peripheral blood of patients with biopsy-proven invasive fungal infections. The non-invasive nature of this approach could provide rapid, actionable treatment information for invasive fungal infections when a biopsy is not possible.
Reversibly Permeable Nanomembranes of Polymeric Microcapsules (2008)

Polymeric nanometer-thick membranes or nanomembranes possessing photocontrollable permeability are presented. Microcapsules are used as membrane model systems, while gold nanoparticle aggregates are used as active absorption centers. Upon laser light illumination the membranes change permeability reversibly because nanoparticles transiently affect the nearby polymeric network. Nanomembranes reseal to their impermeable state when the laser is switched off. This presents a novel and simple way of reversible permeability control of interest to intracellular signaling and membranes.
Coolstreaming: Design, Theory, and Practice (2007)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology has found much success in applications like file distributions and VoIP yet, its adoption in live video streaming remains as an elusive goal. Our recent success in Coolstreaming system brings promises in this direction; however, it also reveals that there exist many practical engineering problems in real live streaming systems over the Internet. Our focus in this paper is on a nonoptimal real working system, in which we illustrate a set of existing practical problems and how they could be handled. We believe this is essential in providing the basic understanding of P2P streaming systems. This paper uses a set of real traces and attempts to develop some theoretical basis to demonstrate that a random peer partnership selection with a hybrid pull-push scheme has the potentially to scale. Specifically, first, we describe the fundamental system design tradeoffs and key changes in the design of a Coolstreaming system including substreaming, buffer management, scheduling and the adopt of a hybrid pull-push mechanism over the original pull-based content delivery approach; second, we examine the overlay topology and its convergence; third, using a combination of real traces and analysis, we quantitatively provide the insights on how the buffering technique resolves the problems associated with dynamics and heterogeneity; fourth, we show how substream and path diversity can help to alleviate the impact from congestion and churns; fifth, we discuss the system scalability and limitations.
Internal Resistance: Harbinger of Capacity Loss in Starved Electrolyte Sealed Lead Acid Batteries (1987)

In many standby applications, the battery technology of choice is lead acid. Where the application is critical the state of health of the battery is a primary concern. A simple evaluaton technique for determining the battery's performance would be highly desirable. Described are measurements of battery impedance made on a sealed lead acid battery of a particular type. At least one important failure mechanism, dryout, is usefully presaged by an increase in impedance of sealed lead acid batteries. The impedance rise, which is observed to be log-linear with time on float, is accompanied by a linear loss of cell weight due to water loss. The results suggest that battery impedance may provide a useful diagnostic for sealed lead acid batteries if simple calibration experiments are performed on cells of the type to be monitored.
Inhibitors of skin-tumor promotion. VIII. Inhibitory effects of euglobals and their related compounds on Epstein-Barr virus activation. (1). (1990)

Twelve euglobals from Eucalyptus globulus and their twenty-six related compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation by a short-term in vitro assay. The results showed that most of the euglobals having monoterpene structures, and euglobal-III (8) had strong inhibitory activity. Grandinol (18), homograndinols (19 and 20), and compounds 26, 27, 28, and 32 showed stronger inhibitory effects. Based on the results, the structural requirements for the activity of these compounds were discussed.
Supplementary Table S1 from Combined cDNA Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression Analysis of Breast Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;raw aCGH dataset&lt;/p&gt;
A random donor polymer based on an asymmetric building block to tune the morphology of non-fullerene organic solar cells (2017)

The introduction of an asymmetric unit enables a fine-tuned morphology and thus up to 10.4% efficiency for non-fullerene organic solar cells.
Planar and Spatial Gravity Balancing With Normal Springs (2004)

Very often, spring-to-gravity-balancing mechanisms are conceived with ideal (zero-free-length l0=0) springs. However, the use of ideal springs in the conception phase tends to lead to more complex mechanisms because the ideal spring functionality has to be approximated with normal springs. To facilitate construction of (gravity) balancers, employing normal springs (l0≠0) directly mounted between the link attachment points of the mechanism in the conception phase therefore seems beneficiary. This paper discusses spring mechanisms that enable perfect balancing of gravity acting on an inverted pendulum while employing normal springs between the spring-attachment points: The design synthesis of such mechanisms will be explained and balancing conditions will be derived, using a potential energy consideration.
Schemes of Quantum Computations with Trapped Ions (2000)

The purpose of this article is to review two complementary schemes for quantum computation with trapped ions. We initially discuss the first proposal of quantum computations with cold trapped ions (J. I. Cirac and P. Zoller; Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4091, 1995) which requires, prior to any computation, laser cooling to the motional ground state. This proposal is closely related to the physics of generating and manipulating N-particles entangled states in both ion traps and high-Q cavities (cavity quantum electrodynamics). The second scheme is that of quantum computations with hot trapped ions (J.F. Poyatos, J.I. Cirac and P. Zoller; Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1322, 1998) which works at finite temperature and resembles physical ideas found in atom interferometry.
Evaluation of five methods for measuring mean fibre diameter of fleece samples from New Zealand sheep (1987)

Abstract The reproducibility and bias associated with the measurement of mean fibre diameter of fleece samples was evaluated for five methods of measurement. The instruments used were the airflow (AF), sonic fineness tester (SFT), liquid scintillation spectrometer (LSS), fibre fineness distribution analyser (FFDA), and projection microscope (PM). Duplicate fleece samples from 48 sheep within each of the Merino, Corriedale, Perendale, Romney, and Coopworth breeds were measured using each method. Overall mean diameters for these breeds were 23.0, 30.1, 37.0, 38.0, and 38.3 µm respectively. The variability of diameter measurement (between‐duplicate, within‐sample variance) was 0.06, 0.09, 0.48,0.64, and 0.96 µm 2 for AF, SFT, LSS, FFDA, and PM methods, respectively. The deviation of each method from the mean of all five methods was examined. AF and SFT methods agreed closely and FFDA gave results similar to those of AF and SFT. These three methods gave lower readings than LSS and PM, with the negative bias becoming more pronounced as diameter increased. Relative to PM, LSS gave lower readings at fine diameters and higher readings at coarse diameters.
A General Solution Route toward Metal Boride Nanocrystals (2011)

Mini B: An ionothermal process under relatively mild conditions (500–900 °C) provides the first versatile route towards nanocrystals of metal (Ca, Ce, Mo, Nb, Hf, Fe, Mn) hexaborides, tetraborides, diborides, and lower borides (see picture). Control over the nanoparticle size and the material texture is achieved to tune these functional materials. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis on IPv6 Transition in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Networks (2005)

This document analyzes the transition to IPv6 in Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) packet networks. These networks are based
on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, and the radio
network architecture is based on Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM), or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) / Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) technology.
The focus is on analyzing different transition scenarios, applicable
transition mechanisms and finding solutions for those transition
scenarios. In these scenarios, the User Equipment (UE) connects to
other nodes, e.g. in the Internet, and IPv6/IPv4 transition mechanisms
are needed.
Photonics integrated circuits using Al x Ga1−x N based UVC light-emitting diodes, photodetectors and waveguides (2019)

We report on a study of UVC photonics integrated circuit consisting of monolithically integrated AlxGa1−xN multiple quantum wells based light-emitting diodes, detectors and channel waveguides on sapphire substrates. The waveguide stack consisted of a 1.5 μm thick n-Al0.65Ga0.35N waveguide over an AlN (3.5 μm thick) clad layer. Using the integrated devices, we estimated the multi-mode ridge waveguide losses to be 23 cm−1 at λemission ∼ 280 nm. We also measured that approximately 80% of the guided light was confined in the n+-Al0.65Ga0.35N layer, 7% in the underlying AlN cladding and the remaining 13% in the double-side polished sapphire substrate.
Electroforming a process for macro/nano manufacturing (2010)

This paper describes the application of electroforming in the synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel by very high speed movement of the electrolyte; the principles and mechanisms of electroforming in the production of nanocrystalline structured metallic objects in combination with high speed movement of electrolyte are also described. Nanocrystalline nickel components were formed at a speed exceeding 600 μm per hour; the grain size of the electrodeposited nickel was considerably reduced by high speed movement of the plating solution. When requirements specify high-tolerances, complexity, lightweight and miniature geometry, electroforming is a serious contender and in certain cases may be the only economically viable manufacturing process. AFM characterisation showed that the crystalline/particle sizes of the electroformed objects were less than 30 nm. The nickel deposits were characterised further using SEM/EDAX. The focus of this study is primarily in the application of nanomaterials in industrial gas turbines.
Effect of Penicillin on the In Vivo Formation of the d -Alanyl- l -Alanine Peptide Cross-Linkage in Cell Walls of Micrococcus luteus (1974)

Penicillin G was found to inhibit the formation of the d-alanyl-l-alanine cross-linkage in intact cells of Micrococcus luteus. This reaction was approximately 50-fold less susceptible to penicillin than the formation of the d-alanyl-l-lysine cross-linkage in the same organism. The presence of two penicillin-susceptible transpeptidation reactions that function in the incorporation of peptidoglycan precursors into the cell wall is proposed.
Room temperature continuous wave THz quantum cascade laser source with high power operation (2014)

We demonstrate the first room temperature continuous wave THz sources based on intracavity difference frequency generation from mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. This accomplishment was enabled by integration of several key technologies, resulting in a new high efficiency waveguide design and improved thermal dissipation. Room temperature single mode emissions at 3.6 THz with an emitting power of 3 μW and a mid-IR-to-THz conversion efficiency of 0.44 mW/W<sup>2</sup> are obtained in continuous wave mode. THz peak power up to 1.4 mW in pulsed mode operation with a mid-IRto- THz conversion efficiency of 0.8 mW/W2 at 3.5 THz is also demonstrated.
Open information extraction from the web (2008)

Targeted IE methods are transforming into open-ended techniques.
Calculation of Excavation Force for ISRU on Lunar Surface (2007)

Accurately predicting the excavation force that will be encountered by digging tools on the lunar surface is a crucial element of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Based on principles of soil mechanics, this paper develops an analytical model that is relatively simple to apply and uses soil parameters that can be determined by traditional soil strength tests. The influence of important parameters on the excavation force is investigated. The results are compared with that predicted by other available theories. Results of preliminary soil tests on lunar stimulant are also reported.
Delineation of Mitochondrial DNA Variants From Exome Sequencing Data and Association of Haplogroups With Obesity in Kuwait (2021)

This is the first to utilize whole-exome data to extract entire mitochondrial haplogroups to study its association with obesity in an Arab population.
Survival and Splash Dispersal ofPhytophthora parasitica,Causing Dieback of Rhododendron (1983)

Effets de l'humidite sur la survie et sur la sporulation de P.p. dans les tissus foliaires des rhododendrons infectes. Caracterisation du role de l'eau des gouttelettes d'eclaboussure dans la dissemination des propagules du champignon en conditions de pepiniere
Monofunctionalized Pillar[5]arene as a Host for Alkanediamines (2011)

Alkanediamines serve as neutral guests for the recently discovered host pillar[5]arene. The proposed [2]pseudorotaxane nature of the superstructure of the 1:1 host-guest complexes is supported by the template-directed synthesis of a related [2]rotaxane. A synthetic route to monofunctional pillar[5]arenes has also been developed, allowing for the creation of a fluorescent sensor for alkylamine binding. The precursors to this host could act as starting points for a large library of monofunctional pillar[5]arene macrocycles.
Suramin effects on macrophage phagolysosome formation and antimicrobial activity (1978)

The effects of suramin on phagolysosome formation and antimicrobial activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages cultivated in vitro have been studied. Prolonged in vitro pretreatment of macrophages with high concentrations of suramin caused macrophages to form large fragile phagolysosomes in which the concentrations of the various lysosomal enzymes were inferred to be diminished. In addition, suramin-treated macrophages demonstrated enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase during phagocytosis of polyvinyl toluene spherules. However, suramin was found not to inhibit formation of phagolysosomes in macrophages that had ingested Listeria monocytogenes when those cells were examined by the electron microscope. Suramin pretreatment did not alter the ingestion or intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus or of a strain of L. monocytogenes that was essentially avirulent for mice, but did protect macrophages from destruction by virulent L. monocytogenes ingested in vitro, an effect that appeared to have been mediated through enhancement of the bacteriostatic potential of the macrophages. However, at a single dosage level, the drug did not alter the mortality of mice challenged with virulent L. monocytogenes.
Investigation of the Potential Use of Heavy Oil Fly Ash as Stabilized Fill Material for Construction (2011)

The present study investigates the use of heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) generated in the power plants as a stabilizer or fill material for various construction activities. To recycle the HOFA as fill material, it was mixed with Portland cement at different ratios. Laboratory batch and column experiments were performed on the HOFA and fill materials to investigate the leaching behavior and possible environmental impacts of the potentially hazardous elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and vanadium (V) within the HOFA. The results showed that leaching of toxic elements from the HOFA can pose toxicity to the environment, Whereas stabilized material prepared by HOFA mixed with 40% cement proved environmentally safe for construction uses.
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methanol with Silanes over N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts (2009)

Activate and reduce: Carbon dioxide was reduced with silane using a stable N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalyst to provide methanol under very mild conditions. Dry air can serve as the feedstock, and the organocatalyst is much more efficient than transition-metal catalysts for this reaction. This approach offers a very promising protocol for chemical CO(2) activation and fixation.
Wearable conformal SCMR systems (2015)

The performance of a compact wearable wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) is presented. This wearable CSCMR system consists of a receiver that is printed on a circuit board and it is attached to a polyester fabric band. The high efficiency of this WPT system is validated through simulations and measurements. The proposed design does not occupy a large volume, and can be easily printed on substrates. Therefore, it is suitable for applications, such as wearable devices and health monitoring.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemically Induced Oxidation of 6β‐Sulfanylpregnanes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.