gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, Physicochemical and Electrochemical Studies of Novel Donor Acceptor Chromophores (2015)

Three donor acceptor chromophores were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation. Structures of the chromophoes were conformed by the elemental analysis and EI-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the chromophores were studied in different solvent provide that all the chromophores are good absorbent and emission. All chromophores give same behavior red shift in absorbance and emission spectra as polarity of the solvents increase. Photophysical properties including, oscillator strength, extinction coefficient, transition dipole moment and stokes shift were investigated in order to investigate the physicochemical behaviors of synthesized chromophores. The HOMO energy levels of compound 1, 2 and 3 respectively were calculated front the onset oxidation potential of cyclic voltammogram in acetonitrile.
Dendritic systems in drug delivery applications (2007)

The design of well-defined particulate carrier systems with controlled size, shapes and physicochemical characteristics is becoming a focal point in the field of biomedicine and drug delivery. Dendrimers are one of the emerging technologies of recent times and have served as a unique platform to achieve the development as novel drug delivery scaffolds. Dendrimers may be engineered to meet the specific needs of biologically active agents, which can either be encapsulated within dendrimers or chemically attached to these units. The large number of active functional groups on the surface of dendrimers allows them to be meticulously tailored and to act as nano-scaffolds or nano-containers of various categories of drugs. The architecture of modified dendrimers has posed a challenge to drug delivery, in particular with respect to their in vivo metabolic fate. The drug delivery applications of dendrimers presented in this article provide an insight of their potential and substantiate the major roles for the future of these nanoconstructs.
Robust chemical and chemical-resistant material detection using hyper-spectral imager and a new bend interpolation and local scaling HSI sharpening method (2015)

We present new results from our ongoing research activity for chemical threat detection using hyper-spectral imager (HSI) detection techniques by detecting nontraditional threat spectral signatures of agent usage, such as protective equipment, coatings, paints, spills, and stains that are worn by human or on trucks or other objects. We have applied several current state-of-the-art HSI target detection methods such as Matched Filter (MF), Adaptive Coherence Estimator (ACE), Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM), and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). We are interested in detecting several chemical related materials: (a) Tyvek clothing is chemical resistance and Tyvek coveralls are one-piece garments for protecting human body from harmful chemicals, and (b) ammonium salts from background could be representative of spills from scrubbers or related to other chemical activities. The HSI dataset that we used for detection covers a chemical test field with more than 50 different kinds of chemicals, protective materials, coatings, and paints. Among them, there are four different kinds of Tyvek material, three types of ammonium salts, and one yellow jugs. The imagery cube data were collected by a HSI sensor with a spectral range of 400–2,500nm. Preliminary testing results are promising, and very high probability of detection (Pd) and low probability of false detection are achieved with the usage of full spectral range (400– 2,500nm). In the second part of this paper, we present our newly developed HSI sharpening technique. A new Band Interpolation and Local Scaling (BILS) method has been developed to improve HSI spatial resolution by 4-16 times with a low-cost high-resolution pen-chromatic camera and a RGB camera. Preliminary results indicate that this new technique is promising.
Big data analytics for network anomaly detection from netflow data (2017)

Cyber-attacks was organized in a simple and random way in the past. However attacks are carried out systematically and long term nowadays. In addition, the high calculation volume and continuous changes in network data distribution have made it more difficult to analyze data and detect abnormal behaviors within. For this reason, big data solutions have become essential. In this paper, firstly network anomaly and attack detection studies on big data has been reviewed. Then, a public big network data was analyzed with a new unsupervised anomaly detection approach on Apache Spark cluster in Azure HD Insight. Finally, the results obtained from a case study were evaluated, %96 accuracy was achieved. The results were visualized after dimension reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The identified anomalies may provide usable outputs to understand the behavior of the network, distinguishing the attacks, providing better cyber security, and protecting critical infrastructures.
Linkage of Molecular Markers to Cercospora zeae‐maydis Resistance in Maize (2004)

Gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize ( Zea mays L.) caused by Cercospora zeae‐maydis Tehon &amp; E.Y. Daniels, can greatly reduce grain yield in conducive environments worldwide. This study was undertaken to evaluate a novel source of resistance to C. zeae‐maydis across macroenvironments and link molecular markers to resistance loci by selective genotyping. A population of 144 F 2:3 progeny lines derived from a cross between resistant maize inbred VO613Y and susceptible inbred Pa405 were evaluated at Wooster, OH, USA, and Cedara Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, KZN, Republic of South Africa (RSA), for resistance to C. zeae‐maydis The lines were assigned to phenotypic classes (resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) on the basis of percent leaf area affected (PLAA) values across environments. F 2:4 progeny lines were produced by controlled self‐pollination of an individual plant within each F 2:3 line. F 2:4 lines derived from resistant and susceptible classes were evaluated at two Ohio locations. The same lines, plus a random sample of 54 F 2:4 lines representing the intermediate class, were evaluated at Cedara. Molecular marker data were analyzed on the basis of PLAA means of F 2:4 progenies by Kruskal–Wallis analysis and several markers on chromosomes 2 and 4 were deemed to be significantly associated with resistance. Additional molecular markers were added and composite interval mapping was conducted on genetic maps of those chromosomes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosome arms 2L and 4L together explained 40 to 47% of the phenotypic variation. A resistance gene analog probe flanked the significant interval on chromosome 4L. These intervals on chromosomes 2L and 4L were detected in all tests and we consider them to be suitable candidate QTL for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). These results indicate that VO613Y is a source of resistance with potential to be deployed effectively in both southern Africa and the U.S. Corn Belt.
Efficient Monte Carlo-based analog parametric fault modelling (2014)

The accepted approach in industry today to ensure out-going quality in high-volume manufacturing of analog circuits is to measure datasheet specifications. The lack of a comprehensive fault model that is computationally efficient makes the elimination of any tests or the use of lower-cost alternative tests too risky or too time-consuming. Monte Carlo simulations offer a general way to model parametric variations, but inherently focus on normal instead of defective performance. This paper defines a new, general fault model comprising a set of marginally failing circuit instances to evaluate parametric fault coverage of test suites in a way that reduces the number of Monte Carlo simulations by one or more orders of magnitude. As an illustrative example, the technique is applied to six parameters of an RF low-noise amplifier (LNA).
1616-P: Stimulated ß-Cell Response Is Unaltered in Adult Autoantibody (AB) Negative Relatives of Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (2020)

Emerging evidence suggests intrinsic β cell dysfunction contributes to T1D development. However, it is unclear whether defects in β cell response are evident in individuals at genetic risk for T1D without detectable islet autoimmunity. To explore this, we performed mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and hyperglycemic clamps to measure stimulated β cell response in 2 groups: Islet Ab negative 1st-degree adult relatives of persons with T1D (FDR-) and normoglycemic, age, sex, and BMI-matched controls without T1D family history. Median and IQR values for 1st phase responses, including C-peptide15min-0 (MMTT) and C-peptide incremental AUC (iAUC)0-10min (clamp), and 2nd phase responses, including C-peptide iAUC0-120min (MMTT) and average C-peptide (C-peptideavg) during the steady state (clamp), were compared using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests. MMTTs and clamps were performed in 15 euglycemic (A1c&amp;lt;5.7%) FDR- and control pairs (34.3yrs ±7.7; 20% male; BMI 25.6kg/m2 ±4.4). There were no differences in 1st phase or 2nd phase-stimulated responses. For the FDR- vs. control group, C-peptide15min-0 was 1.2ng/mL (0.9,1.9) vs. 1.62(1.1,2.2), p=0.62, C-peptide iAUC0-10min was 22.6ng/mL*min (19.4-51.6) vs. 24.4 (19.3-31), p=0.72, and C-peptide iAUC0-120min was 404 (369.3,435.5) vs. 383.3 (291.2,558), p=&amp;gt;0.99, C-peptideavg steady state was 12 (10.8-18.9) vs. 11.5 (8.9-14.5), p=0.98. In this small cohort, no significant differences between stimulated 1st or 2nd phase responses were detected between FDR- and matched controls, suggesting that FDR- relatives may not have a defect in stimulated β cell response. Nondiabetic relatives are heterogeneous in their risk of autoimmunity; this could explain a lack of between-group differences. At-risk pediatric cohorts, which have increased risks of developing autoimmunity, could be more likely to show a difference in β cell response. Ongoing investigations will define β cell function in relatives with detectable Abs. Disclosure A. Neyman: None. K. Moors: None. C. Evans-Molina: Consultant; Self; Bristol-Myers Squibb. L. DiMeglio: None. R. Mirmira: Advisory Panel; Self; Hibercell, Sigilon Therapeutics, Veralox Therapeutics. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. K.J. Mather: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. T.S. Hannon: None. E.K. Sims: None. Funding JDRF (2-SRA-2017-498-M-B)
Numerical Analysis of Bladed Disk–Casing Contact With Friction and Wear (2016)

In order to increase the aerodynamic performances of their engines, aircraft engine manufacturers try to minimize the clearance between rotating and stationary parts in axial and centrifugal compressors. Consequently, the probability of contact increases, leading to undesirable phenomena caused by forced excitation of the natural modes or by modal interaction. Due to the complexity of these phenomena, many numerical studies have been conducted to gain a better understanding of the physics associated with them, looking primarily at their respective influence on potential unstable behaviors. However, the influence of other physical phenomena, such as friction and wear, remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is to show some effects associated with friction and wear on the dynamic behavior resulting from blade-to-casing interaction. The numerical study reported here is based on a simplified finite element model of a rotating bladed disk and a flexible casing. The contact algorithm uses an explicit time marching scheme with the Lagrange multipliers method. Friction and wear are formulated using, respectively, Coulomb's and Archard's laws. The rotational speed is set to critical speed giving rise to modal interaction between a backward mode of the casing and a counter-rotating mode of the bladed disk with one nodal diameter (ND). Contact is initiated by a dynamic excitation of the stator. In the presence of friction, the system becomes unstable when a sideband of the excitation frequency coincides with 1ND mode of the bladed disk. The introduction of wear leads to a vibration reduction, while the abradable material is removed by the wear process. The number of wear lobes produced on the casing is related to the ratio between the vibration frequency of the blades and the rotating speed. The ratio obtained by means of the FE model corroborates experimental observations.
Long-Term Forecasting of Internet Backbone Traffic (2005)

We introduce a methodology to predict when and where link additions/upgrades have to take place in an Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. Using simple network management protocol (SNMP) statistics, collected continuously since 1999, we compute aggregate demand between any two adjacent points of presence (PoPs) and look at its evolution at time scales larger than 1 h. We show that IP backbone traffic exhibits visible long term trends, strong periodicities, and variability at multiple time scales. Our methodology relies on the wavelet multiresolution analysis (MRA) and linear time series models. Using wavelet MRA, we smooth the collected measurements until we identify the overall long-term trend. The fluctuations around the obtained trend are further analyzed at multiple time scales. We show that the largest amount of variability in the original signal is due to its fluctuations at the 12-h time scale. We model inter-PoP aggregate demand as a multiple linear regression model, consisting of the two identified components. We show that this model accounts for 98% of the total energy in the original signal, while explaining 90% of its variance. Weekly approximations of those components can be accurately modeled with low-order autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. We show that forecasting the long term trend and the fluctuations of the traffic at the 12-h time scale yields accurate estimates for at least 6 months in the future.
Books with voices (2003)

Our contextual inquiry into the practices of oral historians unearthed a curious incongruity. While oral historians consider interview recordings a central historical artifact, these recordings sit unused after a written transcript is produced. We hypothesized that this is largely because books are more usable than recordings. Therefore, we created Books with Voices: bar-code augmented paper transcripts enabling fast, random access to digital video interviews on a PDA. We present quantitative results of an evaluation of this tangible interface with 13 participants. They found this lightweight, structured access to original recordings to offer substantial benefits with minimal overhead. Oral historians found a level of emotion in the video not available in the printed transcript. The video also helped readers clarify the text and observe nonverbal cues.
Abscisic Acid Application and Abiotic Stress Amelioration (2020)

Abscisic acid (ABA), a key growth regulator, plays a crucial role toward diverse kinds of stresses, such as heavy metals, drought, thermal stress, high level of salinity, and radiation stress. It also plays a vital role in numerous developmental processes including germination of seeds, dormancy of seeds, and closure and opening of stomata. During adverse conditions, its quantity increases and protects the plant from water stress. Although being an important hormone in plant system, its mechanism is not completely identified, particularly whether it involves osmolytes (such as proline, trehalose, and glycine betaine) in its mechanism of action or not. It performs its actions by altering the gene expression level and consequent analysis of cis-acting and trans-acting regulatory components of the responsive promoters. In most of the plants, ABA manipulates gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and controls the drought tolerance. Thus, a lot of transcriptional factors are tangled in regulating the expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes with their respective cis-acting components. Thus, for the enhancement in stress-tolerance capability of plants, it is compulsory and important to understand its mechanism of action. However, all plants are capable of taking well-concerted action at all their development stages, that is, at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, to acclimatize and adjust themselves to abiotic stresses, still certain strategies and approaches are needed to ameliorate the ill effects of stresses and to understand the mechanism of action of ABA.
ACTIVE MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION (2006)

Active microwave imaging is explored as an imaging modality for early detection of breast cancer. When exposed to microwaves, breast tumor exhibits electrical properties that are significantly different from that of healthy breast tissues. The two approaches of active microwave imaging — confocal microwave technique with measured reflected signals and microwave tomographic imaging with measured scattered signals are addressed here. Normal and malignant breast tissue samples of same person are subjected to study within 30 minutes of mastectomy. Corn syrup is used as coupling medium, as its dielectric parameters show good match with that of the normal breast tissue samples. As bandwidth of the transmitter is an important aspect in the time domain confocal microwave imaging approach, wideband bowtie antenna having 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 46% is designed for the transmission and reception of microwave signals. Same antenna is used for microwave tomographic imaging too at the frequency of 3000 MHz. Experimentally obtained time domain results are substantiated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis. 2-D tomographic images are reconstructed with the collected scattered data using distorted Born iterative method. Variations of dielectric permittivity in breast samples are distinguishable from the obtained permittivity profiles.
Promoting Teamwork in Emergency Medical Services through Advanced Life Support Competitions (2006)

Introduction: As Emergency Medical Services (EMS) practice moves to protocol-driven care, providers must be able to manage a multitude of emergencies in a team approach. Although teams and teamwork are a significant component of the pre-hospital medical delivery system, they are rarely included in training or quality improvement efforts. The most common model is to train and assess EMS providers as individuals, and expect them to naturally perform well as teams. EMS competitions may offer the opportunity for providers to effectively evaluate themselves against their peers in a competitive, high-fidelity arena with no risks to real patients. Methods: We followed an 11-step development process for each competition that includes development of Advanced Life Support (ALS) objective-structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) that are evaluated by an expert panel to ensure reproducibility, reliability and validity. Emphasis is also placed on the practicality of the OSCE, including scene design, use of standardized patients and simulators, effectiveness of evaluation tools, examiner training, and event logistics. A high degree of realism is embedded to enhance the patient representation and environmental surroundings. After each competition, formative feedback is given allowing teams to learn from their performance and a questionnaire, design to capture team characteristics is completed. Results: Since 1992 we have conducted 14 annual competitions involving 170 teams. Competing teams comprised of three pre-hospital providers, generally from the same department. Winning teams shared the following characteristics: consistent, organized approach to rapid clinical assessment and management, effectiveness leadership with clearly defined team roles, equipment customization and organization, patient and equipment centralization, routine practice to refine psychomotor and communications skills, local medical director support. Conclusion: Many argue that experience is the best teacher. This is often dangerous for the patient and impractical for an EMS system to assess pre-hospital providers in their actual working environment. ALS competitions allow EMS providers to test their expertise in patient assessment, communication, and multiple emergent patient management problems as a team in a safe simulated environment. Conflict of Interest: Authors indicated they have nothing to disclose.
Nonlinear circuit modeling tools coupling with FDTD method (1998)

This paper is a presentation of the coupling between the finite-difference time-domain method and a circuit simulator tool. This approach enables us to model the interactions between antennas and nonlinear integrated circuits. The behavior of a “Mickey” antenna struck by a high-frequency impulsion and protected by a gas arrester will be shown. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 108–112, 1998.
Serumferritin als Kontrollparameter bei oraler Eisentherapie (1977)

Ferrritin can be measured in blood serum radioimmunometrically. Serum ferritin is directly correlated to body iron stores. In comparison to other parameters of storage iron (bone marrow iron, intestinal iron absorption) this quantitative diagnostic parameter is easily available. Thus it can be used to judge body iron status. In 20 patients with chronic haemorrhagic and 7 patients with posthaemorrhagic iron deficiency anaemia as well as nine blood donors with latent iron deficiency serum ferritin was used to control oral iron therapy. The continuous determination of serum ferritin during therapy gives a quantitative value of the relevant level of body iron stores. This value shows whether therapy was effective and when iron stores are replenished. The results demonstrate that oral iron therapy should be continued for at least 3 months from the time of normalisation of haemoglobin to obtain a sufficient restoration of iron depots.
The Benefits of a Near-Peer Mentoring Experience on STEM Persistence in Education and Careers: A 2004-2015 Study (2019)

This retrospective study, from 2004 to 2015, explored the career trajectories of undergraduates and recent post-baccalaureates who participated in an undergraduate research experience (URE) that combined both laboratory experience and mentoring younger students. Forty former interns completed an online survey focusing on their path from internship to career. Interns were queried about the skills they perceived as being critical in their subsequent STEM-related endeavors. They also wrote narratives that indicated their attitudes about STEM education, outreach and mentoring. The responses showed all but one of the 40 participants were engaged in either STEM-related careers or education. The participants provided examples of what aspects of the internship had long-term impact on their persistence in the sciences. As the majority of the respondents were from populations traditionally underrepresented in STEM careers, this study adds to the literature on the positive effect of internships on individual STEM persistence. The results indicated that this internship helped create a cadre of professionals who not only persisted in STEM and retained an active commitment to helping younger students gain an appreciation for science. It was concluded that undergraduate persistence in the sciences is strengthened when interns are given training in and the responsibility for mentoring.