gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically Driven Technologies for Radioactive Aerosol Abatement (2001)

The objective of this research program is to develop an improved understanding of how electrically driven processes, including electrocoalescence, acoustic agglomeration, and electric filtration, may be employed to efficiently treat problems caused by the formation of aerosols during DOE waste treatment operations. The production of aerosols during treatment and retrieval operations in radioactive waste tanks and during thermal treatment operations such as calcination presents a significant problem of cost, worker exposure, potential for release, and increased waste volume. Electrically driven technologies offer promise as remote technologies for improved treatment; however, existing theoretical models are not suitable for prediction and design. The basis for the project is the general fact that for most particulate collection technology, the marginal collection efficiency increases as the aerosol to be separated increases in size. Using this as a premise, we are investigating mechanisms for increasing the size of particles in an effluent stream as a preprocessing step. Our work is aimed at employing recent advances in theoretical approaches and experimental techniques to improve our understanding of how electrical and acoustic methods may be employed most efficiently alone or in tandem to tackle aerosol problems. The fundamental understanding achieved may provide the basis for development of innovative new approaches and for optimizing removal processes.
A synthetic porphyrin as an effective dual antidote against carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning (2023)

Simultaneous poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide is the major cause of mortality in fire gas accidents. Here, we report on the invention of an injectable antidote against CO and cyanide (CN<sup>-</sup>) mixed poisoning. The solution contains four compounds: iron(III)porphyrin (Fe<sup>III</sup>TPPS, F), two methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) dimers linked by pyridine (Py3CD, P) and imidazole (Im3CD, I), and a reducing agent (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, S). When these compounds are dissolved in saline, the solution contains two synthetic heme models including a complex of F with P (hemoCD-P) and another one of F with I (hemoCD-I), both in their iron(II) state. hemoCD-P is stable in its iron(II) state and captures CO more strongly than native hemoproteins, while hemoCD-I is readily autoxidized to its iron(III) state to scavenge CN<sup>-</sup> once injected into blood circulation. The mixed solution (hemoCD-Twins) exhibited remarkable protective effects against acute CO and CN<sup>-</sup> mixed poisoning in mice (~85% survival vs. 0% controls). In a model using rats, exposure to CO and CN<sup>-</sup> resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, which were restored by hemoCD-Twins in association with decreased CO and CN<sup>-</sup> levels in blood. Pharmacokinetic data revealed a fast urinary excretion of hemoCD-Twins with an elimination half-life of 47 min. Finally, to simulate a fire accident and translate our findings to a real-life scenario, we confirmed that combustion gas from acrylic cloth caused severe toxicity to mice and that injection of hemoCD-Twins significantly improved the survival rate, leading to a rapid recovery from the physical incapacitation.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Epimer of Tacrolimus, an Immunosuppressive Drug (2010)

8-Epitacrolimus (2), a new l-pipecolic acid macrolide lactone, was obtained by base-catalyzed epimerization of tacrolimus (FK-506, 1), an important immunosuppressive drug, and its structure determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The compound was fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The epimer is of importance due to its potential biological effects as well as because of its possible formation during formulation, handling, and use of tacrolimus products.
Targeting the p53–MDM2 interaction to treat cancer (2004)

The tumour suppressor p53 is a transcription factor with powerful antitumour activity that is controlled by its negative regulator MDM2 (mouse double minute 2, also termed HDM2 in humans) through a feedback mechanism. MDM2, which is overproduced in many tumours, binds p53 and inhibits its function by modulating its transcriptional activity and stability. Activation of p53 in tumour cells by inhibiting its physical interaction with MDM2 has been in the focus of cancer drug discovery. However, development of nonpeptidic MDM2 antagonists turned out to be challenging. Recently, the first potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2, the Nutlins, have been identified. Studies with Nutlins provided in vitro and in vivo proof-of-principle for targeting p53-MDM2 interaction for cancer therapy.
The DCU Dependency-Based Metric in WMT-MetricsMATR 2010 (2010)

We describe DCU’s LFG dependencybased&#13;\nmetric submitted to the shared evaluation&#13;\ntask of WMT-MetricsMATR 2010.&#13;\nThe metric is built on the LFG F-structurebased&#13;\napproach presented in (Owczarzak&#13;\net al., 2007). We explore the following&#13;\nimprovements on the original metric: 1)&#13;\nwe replace the in-house LFG parser with&#13;\nan open source dependency parser that&#13;\ndirectly parses strings into LFG dependencies;&#13;\n2) we add a stemming module&#13;\nand unigram paraphrases to strengthen the&#13;\naligner; 3) we introduce a chunk penalty&#13;\nfollowing the practice of METEOR to reward&#13;\ncontinuous matches; and 4) we introduce&#13;\nand tune parameters to maximize the&#13;\ncorrelation with human judgement. Experiments&#13;\nshow that these enhancements improve&#13;\nthe dependency-based metric's correlation&#13;\nwith human judgement.
Tempering Induction Hardened 42CrMo4 Steel Helical Gearwheels from Residual Heat Using Spray Cooling (2013)

Induction hardening is a surface hardening process in which severe temperature gradients occur due to limiting the heating to the sub‐surface layer. High residual stresses result from these gradients, which can negatively influence the fatigue strength and induce cracking. To reduce the residual stresses, induction hardening is followed by a tempering, which is usually carried out for several hours in a furnace. Substituting furnace tempering by tempering from the residual heat motivated the current investigations. During induction hardening of helical gearwheels made of 42CrMo4 heat‐treating steel using a controlled quenching by means of spray cooling, an additional tempering from the residual heat was performed. The result of the heat treatment was analyzed with the aid of hardness, residual stress, and distortion measurements. The obtained hardening results demonstrate the equivalence of the two tempering processes considered here.
NREL/NASA Internal Short-Circuit Instigator in Lithium Ion Cells; NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) (2013)

NREL has developed a device to test one of the most challenging failure mechanisms of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries -- a battery internal short circuit. Many members of the technical community believe that this type of failure is caused by a latent flaw that results in a short circuit between electrodes during use. As electric car manufacturers turn to Li-ion batteries for energy storage, solving the short circuit problem becomes more important. To date, no reliable and practical method exists to create on-demand internal shorts in Li-ion cells that produce a response that is relevant to the ones produced by field failures. NREL and NASA have worked to establish an improved ISC cell-level test method that simulates an emergent internal short circuit, is capable of triggering the four types of cell internal shorts, and produces consistent and reproducible results. Internal short circuit device design is small, low-profile and implantable into Li-ion cells, preferably during assembly. The key component is an electrolyte-compatible phase change material (PCM). The ISC is triggered by heating the cell above PCM melting temperature (presently 40 degrees C – 60 degrees C). In laboratory testing, the activated device can handle currents in excess of 300 A to simulatemore » hard shorts (< 2 mohms). Phase change from non-conducting to conducting has been 100% successful during trigger tests.« less
Endoscopic Pancreatic Duct Stenting for Pancreatic Ascites (2000)

Conservative medical management leads to successful resolution of pancreatic ascites in about 50% of patients. Although surgical therapy often is
Metodologia dos três momentos pedagógicos para educação ambiental (2017)

Realizada numa abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa partiu do questionamento: "a meto¬dologia dos 3 Momentos Pedagógicos promove a aprendizagem significativa nas aulas de Ciências quanto às questões ambientais? " e se desenvolveu mediante quatro oficinas temáticas para o plantio e o cultivo de jardim vertical e horta na escola. Utilizou-se questionários, mapa conceitual, desenho, grupo de discussão, diário de bordo e entrevistas como instrumentos de coleta de dados, que foram interpretados segundo a Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados apontaram que a problematização desperta o interesse do aluno e promove a reflexão para a reconstrução de conhecimentos já adquiridos, e ainda, desperta o interesse dos professores para compreender melhor a metodologia para incorporá-la à sua prática docente.
Structural variations in rare earth benzoate complexes : Part I. Lanthanum (2007)

A series of lanthanum benzoate complexes have been prepared and structurally characterised as DMF or DMSO solvates. The structures of these complexes vary considerably as a function of the steric bulk of the ligands and the degree of solvation. With one exception, all of the complexes form coordination polymers. These experimental results are compared to reported data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) in order to study the role of sterically bulky substituents in the structures of lanthanum benzoate complexes. Binding modes vary from the η1 coordination of a carboxylic acid co-ligand to carboxylate ligands adopting a bridging μ-η2 : η1 geometry. The nature of the bridging environment between adjacent lanthanum ions varies significantly in the structures and often several different environments exist within the same structure. Solvent effects are also observed, particularly in cases where the solvent is able to partake in intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Interactive relations of blood pressure and age to subclinical cerebrovascular disease (2012)

: Higher BP and PP are associated with greater subclinical cerebrovascular disease most prominently in the 'young old'. Appropriate management of hypertension and arterial stiffening may be critical to the preservation of brain structure with ageing.
Shortened single-walled nanotubes functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol): preparation and properties (2003)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was grafted to shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes (sh-SWNTs) obtained from original SWNTs after acid oxidative cutting and etching processes. PEGsh-SWNTs, prepared by treating the sh-SWNTs with SOCl 2 followed by amidation with PEGmonoamine (molecular weight = 2000), are moderately soluble in tetrahydrofuran, chlorinated hydrocarbons (ca. 1 mg/ml), sparingly soluble in water, acetone CH 3 OH and insoluble in non polar solvents such as toluene, hexanes or carbon disulfide. Non linear transmission measurements on solutions of PEG-sh-SWNTs in CHCl 3 showed a better optical limiting performance relative to that recorded for original SWNTs suspended in the same solvent.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize p60 for Identification of Listeria monocytogenes (2004)

Listeria monocytogenes causes major food-borne outbreaks of disease worldwide. Specific identification of this microorganism is of utmost importance to public health and industry. Listeria species are known to secrete a 60-kDa protein collectively termed p60, which is encoded by the iap (invasion-associated protein) gene and secreted in large quantities into the growth media. p60 is a highly immunogenic murein hydrolase that is essential for cell division. Due to these properties, p60 is an ideal diagnostic target for the development of immunological detection systems for L. monocytogenes. We report here two independent lines of monoclonal antibody (MAb): p6007, which specifically recognizes L. monocytogenes p60, and p6017, which reacts with a wide range of Listeria p60 proteins. By combining these antibodies with a polyclonal antibody, we developed efficient sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems which can specifically identify L. monocytogenes or generally detect Listeria species. Since an excess amount of the peptide corresponding to PepA or PepD did not interfere with the ELISA, and direct ELISAs were unable to detect both peptides, we concluded that the epitope presumed to be recognized by p6007 or p6017 could be distinguished from PepA and PepD as described by Bubert et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3120-3127, 1997). To our best knowledge, this is the first example of an immunological identification system that uses p60-recognizing MAbs.
A physical model of a supercapacitor to reveal the mechanism of the voltage recovery phenomenon (2023)

Quickly discharged supercapacitors are often found to show voltages that increase with time ranging from minutes to several hours. People attribute this to the special structure of the supercapacitor; however, we propose an alternative explanation. A physical model was developed to explain the phenomenon and further reveal the working mechanism of supercapacitor discharge, thus providing a guide for improving the performance of supercapacitors.
A color image analysis tool to help users choose a makeup foundation color (2022)

This paper presents an approach to predict the color of skin-with-foundation based on a no makeup selfie image and a foundation shade image. Our approach first calibrates the image with the help of the color checker target, and then trains a supervised-learning model to predict the skin color. In the calibration stage, We propose to use three different transformation matrices to map the device dependent RGB response to the reference CIE XYZ space. In so doing, color correction error can be minimized. We then compute the average value of the region of interest in the calibrated images, and feed them to the prediction model. We explored both the linear regression and support vector regression models. Cross-validation results show that both models can accurately make the prediction.
Formation of [Cr(CO)x(Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2)]+ Structural Isomers by Reaction of Triethylaluminum with a Chromium N,N-Bis(diarylphosphino)amine Complex [Cr(CO)4(Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2)]+: An EPR and DFT Investigation (2013)

The interaction of triethylaluminum (TEA) with a solution of the paramagnetic Cr(I) bis(phosphine) complex [Cr(CO)41][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] (1 = Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2) has been studied using EPR and DFT. It was found that the TEA is responsible for the complete removal of all CO groups from the [Cr(CO)41]+ complex, producing the [Cr(1-bis-η6-arene)]+, and this reaction occurs via a dominant pathway involving a series of [Cr(CO)x1]+ (x < 4) intermediates, consistently including the cis-[Cr(CO)31]+ complex (species A) and the “piano-stool”-type [Cr(CO)21]+ complex (species C). A further [Cr(CO)21]+ intermediate complex (labeled species D, which is a structural isomer of species C) was also identified experimentally, suggesting a second pathway for TEA activation may also be operative. All of these paramagnetic complexes have been characterized by CW EPR, and the spin Hamiltonian parameters were verified using DFT. The distribution and type of [Cr(CO)x1]+ intermediates formed were found to be very sensitive to the experimental conditions, including the quantity and manner of TEA addition, the temperature of activation, and the aging time of the solution.
Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Elicits a Type II Interferon-Like Host Cell Response That Depends on Activated STAT1 but Not Interferon-γ (2011)

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that, upon primary infection, establishes life-long persistence in all infected individuals. Acute hCMV infections cause a variety of diseases in humans with developmental or acquired immune deficits. In addition, persistent hCMV infection may contribute to various chronic disease conditions even in immunologically normal people. The pathogenesis of hCMV disease has been frequently linked to inflammatory host immune responses triggered by virus-infected cells. Moreover, hCMV infection activates numerous host genes many of which encode pro-inflammatory proteins. However, little is known about the relative contributions of individual viral gene products to these changes in cellular transcription. We systematically analyzed the effects of the hCMV 72-kDa immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein, a major transcriptional activator and antagonist of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, on the human transcriptome. Following expression under conditions closely mimicking the situation during productive infection, IE1 elicits a global type II IFN-like host cell response. This response is dominated by the selective up-regulation of immune stimulatory genes normally controlled by IFN-γ and includes the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines. IE1-mediated induction of IFN-stimulated genes strictly depends on tyrosine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and correlates with the nuclear accumulation and sequence-specific binding of STAT1 to IFN-γ-responsive promoters. However, neither synthesis nor secretion of IFN-γ or other IFNs seems to be required for the IE1-dependent effects on cellular gene expression. Our results demonstrate that a single hCMV protein can trigger a pro-inflammatory host transcriptional response via an unexpected STAT1-dependent but IFN-independent mechanism and identify IE1 as a candidate determinant of hCMV pathogenicity.
Magnetic lipid nanocapsules (MLNCs): self-assembled lipid-based nanoconstruct for non-invasive theranostic applications (2018)

We report magnetic nanostructure-stabilized lipid nanocapsules (MLNCs) that show superior structural stability and theranostic properties compared to conventional lipid-based nanocarriers. As therapeutic nanocarriers, the MLNCs exhibit a therapeutic efficacy that is 16 times greater than that of free drugs due to their high payload capacity and actuated drug release ability. In addition, the magnetic resonance contrast enhancement of the MLNCs is nine times higher than that of a clinically approved T<sub>2</sub> MRI contrast agent (ferumoxytol), demonstrating the diagnostic imaging capability of the MLNCs in MRI. The self-assembly method to synthesize the lipid nanocapsules is extended to other types of nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles and quantum dots) to produce lipid nanohybrids with distinct physical properties.
The Rubisco Small Subunit Is Involved in Tobamovirus Movement and Tm-22 -Mediated Extreme Resistance (2012)

The multifunctional movement protein (MP) of Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) is involved in viral cell-to-cell movement, symptom development, and resistance gene recognition. However, it remains to be elucidated how ToMV MP plays such diverse roles in plants. Here, we show that ToMV MP interacts with the Rubisco small subunit (RbCS) of Nicotiana benthamiana in vitro and in vivo. In susceptible N. benthamiana plants, silencing of NbRbCS enabled ToMV to induce necrosis in inoculated leaves, thus enhancing virus local infectivity. However, the development of systemic viral symptoms was delayed. In transgenic N. benthamiana plants harboring Tobacco mosaic virus resistance-2² (Tm-2²), which mediates extreme resistance to ToMV, silencing of NbRbCS compromised Tm-2²-dependent resistance. ToMV was able to establish efficient local infection but was not able to move systemically. These findings suggest that NbRbCS plays a vital role in tobamovirus movement and plant antiviral defenses.
Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in a pre-Columbian Peruvian mummy. (1994)

The existence of tuberculosis in the pre-Columbian Americas is controversial because the morphology of the lesion is not specific, the organism is culturally nonviable in ancient tissues, and nonpathogenic soil mycobacteria can contaminate buried bodies. We report the recovery of DNA unique to Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a lung lesion of a spontaneously mummified, 1000-year-old adult female body in southern Peru. This provides the most specific evidence possible for the pre-Columbian presence of human tuberculosis in the New World.
An information model for modular robots: the Hardware Robot Information Model (HRIM) (2018)

Today's landscape of robotics is dominated by vertical integration where single vendors develop the final product leading to slow progress, expensive products and customer lock-in. Opposite to this, an horizontal integration would result in a rapid development of cost-effective mass-market products with an additional consumer empowerment. The transition of an industry from vertical integration to horizontal integration is typically catalysed by de facto industry standards that enable a simplified and seamless integration of products. However, in robotics there is currently no leading candidate for a global plug-and-play standard. This paper tackles the problem of incompatibility between robot components that hinder the reconfigurability and flexibility demanded by the robotics industry. Particularly, it presents a model to create plug-and-play robot hardware components. Rather than iteratively evolving previous ontologies, our proposed model answers the needs identified by the industry while facilitating interoperability, measurability and comparability of robotics technology. Our approach differs significantly with the ones presented before as it is hardware-oriented and establishes a clear set of actions towards the integration of this model in real environments and with real manufacturers.
Application of phase imaging and force modulation mode for description of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyol matrix (2008)

Application of the phase imaging and force modulation SPM techniques for description of the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyol (polyester diol- PED) matrix is presented. The MWCNTs-PED mixture is used to prepare polyurethane (PUR) nanocomposites. Dispersion of MWCNTs in PUR depends on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyol. It is very important to evaluate the degree of homogeneity of the investigated materials. The phase imaging and force modulation microscopy connected with tapping mode allow collecting not only topography images but also images of mechanical properties of a material (hardness, adhesion, friction). By using these SPM modes, it is possible to distinguish structural elements of the mixture and hence to obtain direct information about the distribution of MWCNTs in PED matrix.
The non-random location of human oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes (2005)

Abstract We have analysed 994 sites for oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes located within human chromosome bands. The data presented disclose that: 1) These cancer genes build ridges as well as hot spots, which are not related to the position of other types of genes present in these chromosomes. 2) The frequency of cancer genes is not directly related to chromosome length, to the number of DNA bases per chromosome or to the number of structural genes present in each chromosome. 3) Suppressor genes tend to occupy the same location as oncogenes. 4) Several cancer genes occur in as many as 15 different sites spread over 10 different chromosomes. 5) The main feature of the distribution of both oncogenes and suppressors, is that they tend to be located near telomeres. Moreover, their numbers decrease from the telomere to the centromere building a distinct gradient. The difference is statistically significant. The present evidence, taken together, indicates that the telomeric territory might be a preferential location of cancer related genes and thereby also of stem cell genes.