gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Inhibitor for Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Site Binding (1976)

An inhibitor for luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor site binding has been partially purified from aqueous extracts of ovaries from pseudo-pregnant or pregnant rats. The LH receptor binding inhibitor (LH-RBI) was heat-resistant, partially inactivated by trypsin or pronase digestion, and had a molecular weight of approximately 3800 daltons. The LH-RBI was not found in the ovary of mature non-pregnant rats or immature rats, nor was it found in testis or liver extracts. The LH-RBI strongly inhibited the in vitro binding of 125I-labeled ovine LH to ovarian LH receptors but did not inhibit 125I-labeled ovine prolactin binding to ovarian PRL receptors.
Bias-induced oxygen adsorption in zinc tin oxide thin film transistors under dynamic stress (2010)

This study investigates the effects of bias-induced oxygen adsorption on the electrical characteristic instability of zinc tin oxide thin film transistors in different ambient oxygen partial pressures. When oxygen pressure is largest, the threshold voltages showed the quickest increase but the slowest recovery during the stress phase and recovery phase, respectively. This finding corresponds to the charge trapping time constant and recovery time constant, which are extracted by fitting the stretched-exponential equation and which exhibit a relationship with oxygen pressure. We suggest that the gate bias reduces the activation energy of oxygen adsorption during gate bias stress.
Suppression of Lymphocyte Reactivity by Culture Supernatant from Horse Embryos and Endometrium1 (1989)

The mechanisms that permit maternal tolerance of the conceptus allograft during early pregnancy in the mare have not been investigated. Embryos and endometria were collected from mares 14 days after ovulation and cultured for 20.5 h. The effect of addition of culture supernatant on incorporation of [3H]thymidine by equine peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Culture supernatant from endometrium of nonpregnant mares did not affect lymphocyte blastogenesis, but supernatant from both embryos and endometrium of pregnant mares reduced concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis. Five of six cultures performed in the present of indomethacin did not contain immunosuppressive factors. The suppressive effect on Con A-induced blastogenesis was eliminated by charcoal treatment of the supernatants and reduced by treatment with trypsin or heat. Blastogenesis of bovine lymphocytes was inhibited by culture supernatant of endometrium from pregnant mares, but not by embryo supernatant. Preincubation of blood lymphocytes with supernatants from endometrium of pregnant mares enhanced subsequent incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes. A 24-h delay in addition of embryo culture supernatants significantly reduced the degree of immunosuppression. These results suggest that probably more than one substance interacts with the lymphocyte cultures and the observed blastogenesis reflects the end result of the interaction between suppressive and stimulating factors. The lymphocyte inhibitory effect evident in supernatants from embryos and endometrium from pregnant mares may be important in local immunosuppression and maternal acceptance of pregnancy.
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity: How have quantitative mathematical models helped improve our understanding? (2017)

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of cells to reversibly alter their phenotypes in response to signals, presents a significant clinical challenge to treating solid tumors. Tumor cells utilize phenotypic plasticity to evade therapies, metastasize, and colonize distant organs. As a result, phenotypic plasticity can accelerate tumor progression. A well-studied example of phenotypic plasticity is the bidirectional conversions among epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype(s). These conversions can alter a repertoire of cellular traits associated with multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as metabolism, immune-evasion, and invasion and metastasis. To tackle the complexity and heterogeneity of these transitions, mathematical models have been developed that seek to capture the experimentally-verified molecular mechanisms and act as ‘ hypothesis-generating machines’. Here, we discuss how these quantitative mathematical models have helped us explain existing experimental data, guided further experiments, and provided an improved conceptual framework for understanding how multiple intracellular and extracellular signals can drive epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity at both the single-cell and population levels. We also discuss the implications of this plasticity in driving multiple aggressive facets of tumor progression.
Spatially Aware Metadata for Raw Reconstruction (2021)

A camera sensor captures a raw-RGB image that is then processed to a standard RGB (sRGB) image through a series of onboard operations performed by the camera's image signal processor (ISP). Among these processing steps, local tone mapping is one of the most important operations used to enhance the overall appearance of the final rendered sRGB image. For certain applications, it is often desirable to de-render or unprocess the sRGB image back to its original raw-RGB values. This "raw reconstruction" is a challenging task because many of the operations performed by the ISP, including local tone mapping, are nonlinear and difficult to invert. Existing raw reconstruction methods that store specialized metadata at capture time to enable raw recovery ignore local tone mapping and assume that a global transformation exists between the raw-RGB and sRGB color spaces. In this work, we advocate a spatially aware metadata-based raw reconstruction method that is robust to local tone mapping, and yields significantly higher raw reconstruction accuracy (6 dB average PSNR improvement) compared to existing raw reconstruction methods. Our method requires only 0.2% samples of the full-sized image as metadata, has negligible computational overhead at capture time, and can be easily integrated into modern ISPs.
Laser-induced damage measurements in CdTe and other II–VI materials (1982)

Results of laser-induced damage measurements in CdTe and other selected II-VI materials are reported. These studies were conducted using pulsed 1.06-microm radiation from a Nd:YAG laser. The laser pulse width was varied from approximately 40 to 9000 psec (9 nsec). The laser-induced surface breakdown irradiance measured for CdTe over this pulse width range scaled as t(p)(-1/2)[t(p) is the laser pulse width (FWHM)]. This indicates that laser-induced damage in this material is due to linear absorption by a thin surface contamination layer.
Experience-dependent maturation of the glomerular microcircuit (2009)

Spontaneous and patterned activity, largely attributed to chemical transmission, shape the development of virtually all neural circuits. However, electrical transmission also has an important role in coordinated activity in the brain. In the olfactory bulb, gap junctions between apical dendrites of mitral cells increase excitability and synchronize firing within each glomerulus. We report here that the development of the glomerular microcircuit requires both sensory experience and connexin (Cx)36-mediated gap junctions. Coupling coefficients, which measure electrical coupling between mitral cell dendrites, were high in young mice, but decreased after postnatal day (P)10 because of a maturational increase in membrane conductance. Sensory deprivation, induced by unilateral naris occlusion at birth, slowed the morphological development of mitral cells and arrested the maturational changes in membrane conductance and coupling coefficients. As the coupling coefficients decreased in normal mice, a glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) between mitral cells emerged by P30. Although mitral-mitral EPSCs were generally unidirectional, they were not present in young adult Cx36(-/-) mice, suggesting that gap junctions are required for the development and/or function of the mature circuit. The experience-dependent transition from electrical transmission to combined chemical and electrical transmission provides a previously unappreciated mechanism that may tune the response properties of the glomerular microcircuit.
Buckling of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Under Thermal Stress (2019)

Two-dimensional Covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are periodic, permanently porous, and lightweight solids that are polymerized from topologically designed monomers. The predictable design and structural modularity of these materials make them promising candidates for applications including catalysis, environmental remediation, chemical separations, and organic electronics, many of which will require stability to mechanical and thermal stress. Based on their reinforced structures and high degradation temperatures as determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), many reports have claimed that COFs have excellent thermal stability. However, their stability to heat and pressure has not been probed using methods that report on structural changes rather than the loss of volatile compounds. Here we explore two structurally analogous 2D COFs with different polymerization chemistries using in operando X-ray diffraction, which demonstrates the loss of crystallinity at lower temperatures than the degradation temperatures measured by TGA. Density functional theory calculations suggest that an asymmetric buckling of the COF lattice is responsible for the observed loss of crystallinity. In addition to their thermal stability, x-ray diffraction of the 2D COFs under gas pressures up to 100 bar showed no loss in crystallinity or structural changes, indicating that these materials are robust to mechanical stress by applied pressure. We expect that these results will encourage further exploration of COF stability as a function of framework design and isolated form, which will guide the design of frameworks that withstand demanding application-relevant conditions.
Platelet-derived lysophosphatidic acid supports the progression of osteolytic bone metastases in breast cancer (2004)

The role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in cancer is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence for a role of LPA in the progression of breast cancer bone metastases. LPA receptors LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3) were expressed in human primary breast tumors and a series of human breast cancer cell lines. The inducible overexpression of LPA(1) in MDA-BO2 breast cancer cells specifically sensitized these cells to the mitogenic action of LPA in vitro. In vivo, LPA(1) overexpression in MDA-BO2 cells enhanced the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts and promoted bone metastasis formation in mice by increasing both skeletal tumor growth and bone destruction. This suggested that endogenous LPA was produced in the tumor microenvironment. However, MDA-BO2 cells or transfectants did not produce LPA. Instead, they induced the release of LPA from activated platelets which, in turn, promoted tumor cell proliferation and the LPA(1)-dependent secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, 2 potent bone resorption stimulators. Moreover, platelet-derived LPA deprivation in mice, achieved by treatment with the platelet antagonist Integrilin, inhibited the progression of bone metastases caused by parental and LPA(1)-overexpressing MDA-BO2 cells and reduced the progression of osteolytic lesions in mice bearing CHO-beta3wt ovarian cancer cells. Overall, our data suggest that, at the bone metastatic site, tumor cells stimulate the production of LPA from activated platelets, which enhances both tumor growth and cytokine-mediated bone destruction.
WHI-2 Regulates Intercellular Communication via a MAP Kinase Signaling Complex (2020)

The formation of the fungal mycelial network is facilitated by somatic cell fusion of germinating asexual spores (or germlings). <i>Neurospora crassa</i> germlings in close proximity display chemotropic growth that is dependent upon an intracellular network of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Approximately 80 genes involved in intercellular communication and fusion have been identified, including three mutants with similar morphological phenotypes: Δ<i>whi-2</i>, Δ<i>csp-6</i>, and Δ<i>amph-1</i>. Here we show that WHI-2 localizes to the cell periphery and regulates endocytosis, mitochondrial organization, sporulation, and cell fusion. WHI-2 was required to transduce signals through a conserved MAPK pathway (NRC-1/MEK-2/MAK-2) and target transcription factors (PP-1/ADV-1). The <i>amph-1</i> locus encodes a Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs domain-containing protein and mis-expression of <i>whi-2</i> compensated for the cell fusion and endocytosis deficiencies of a Δ<i>amph-1</i> mutant. The <i>csp-6</i> locus encodes a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase whose activity was essential for cell fusion. Although fusion-deficient with themselves, cells that lacked <i>whi-2, csp-6</i>, or <i>amph-1</i> showed a low frequency of chemotropic interactions with wild type cells. We hypothesize that WHI-2 could be important for signal perception during chemotropic interactions via a role in endocytosis.
Relationship between frailty and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A scoping review (2018)

Evidence is limited and suffers from design limitations but suggests that frailty and AD biomarkers are closely linked. Longitudinal research examining multiple biomarkers and frailty is warranted.
Circulating microRNA and automated motion analysis as novel methods of assessing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice (2019)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CiPN) is a serious adverse effect in the clinic, but nonclinical assessment methods in animal studies are limited to labor intensive behavioral tests or semi-quantitative microscopic evaluation. Hence, microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers and automated in-life behavioral tracking were assessed for their utility as non-invasive methods. To address the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, we explored miR-124, miR-183 and miR-338 in a CiPN model induced by paclitaxel, a well-known neurotoxic agent. In addition, conventional and Vium's innovative Digital Vivarium technology-based in-life behavioral tests and postmortem microscopic examination of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the sciatic nerve were performed. Terminal blood was collected on days 8 or 16, after 20 mg/kg paclitaxel was administered every other day for total of 4 or 7 doses, respectively, for plasma miRNA quantification by RT-qPCR. DRG and sciatic nerve samples were collected from mice sacrificed on day 16 for miRNA quantification. Among the three miRNAs analyzed, only miR-124 was statistically significantly increased (5 fold and 10 fold on day 8 and day 16, respectively). The increase in circulating miR-124 correlated with cold allodynia and axonal degeneration in both DRG and sciatic nerve. Automated home cage motion analysis revealed for the first time that nighttime motion was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in paclitaxel-dosed animals. Although both increase in circulating miR-124 and decrease in nighttime motion are compelling, our results provide positive evidence warranting further testing using additional peripheral nerve toxicants and diverse experimental CiPN models.
Tear lipocalins: potential lipid scavengers for the corneal surface. (1999)

TLs are potent lipid-binding proteins that increase the surface pressure of aqueous solutions while scavenging lipids from hydrophobic surfaces and delivering them to the aqueous phase of tears. These data suggest important functional roles for TLs in maintaining the integrity of the tear film.
Treatment of Insulin Resistance by Acupuncture: A Review of Human and Animal Studies (2016)

EA, used alone or in combination with other therapies, such as Chinese herbs or diet-exercise interventions, has the potential to be an effective treatment for insulin resistance. Additional controlled clinical studies of acupuncture are needed in subjects with diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, muscle atrophy, and fatty liver disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of 4‐Methyl‐4‐(1‐propenyl)malonyl Peroxide: Mechanistic Limits to Chemiluminiscence Efficiency. (1986)

Abstract Die ausgehend von der Pentencarbonsätire (I) hergestellte im Titel genannte Verbindung (III) liefert beim Erhitzen in Acetonitril den oligomeren Ester (IV) und das Butenolid (V).
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at zero magnetic field (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleElectron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at zero magnetic fieldRichard Bramley and Steven J. StrachCite this: Chem. Rev. 1983, 83, 1, 49–82Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00053a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00053a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome profiles of lymphovascular breast cancer cells reveal multiple clonally differentiated outcomes with multi-regional LCM and G&T-seq (2019)

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a critical step in the metastatic process but has received relatively little attention due to the technical challenges associated with their isolation. In this study, we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate 97 cancer cell clusters from pathological frozen sections within lymphatic vessels, primary tumor tissue, and axillary lymph nodes of a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient. Simultaneous genome and transcriptome amplification and sequencing (G&amp;T-seq) performed on these clusters permitted a comprehensive depiction of the genomic and transcriptional profiles of cancer cells associated with LVI. Combination phylogeny analysis pointed to three evolutionarily distinct pathways of tumor clone development and metastasis in this patient, each of which was associated with a unique mRNA signature, and correlated to disparate overall survival outcomes. Moreover, hub gene evaluation found extensive down regulation of ribosomal protein mRNA to be a potential marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Advances in Rapid Detection Methods for Foodborne Pathogens (2014)

Food safety is increasingly becoming an important public health issue, as foodborne diseases present a widespread and growing public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The rapid and precise monitoring and detection of foodborne pathogens are some of the most effective ways to control and prevent human foodborne infections. Traditional microbiological detection and identification methods for foodborne pathogens are well known to be time consuming and laborious as they are increasingly being perceived as insufficient to meet the demands of rapid food testing. Recently, various kinds of rapid detection, identification, and monitoring methods have been developed for foodborne pathogens, including nucleic-acid-based methods, immunological methods, and biosensor-based methods, etc. This article reviews the principles, characteristics, and applications of recent rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens.
The investigation of blood and skin THz response at high glucose concentration (2015)

Studies of a rat blood and skin were carried out using THz-TDs. The transmission and the attenuated total internal reflection geometries have been used for measuring the dielectric properties of the water solutions and biological samples with high glucose concentration. We discuss the reasons for the observed THz sensitivity to diabetes mellitus in the context of changes in the bounded water caused by glucose.
Development of the real-time adaptive active noise control system based on SAN algorithm (2019)

The active noise control (ANC) techniques have been widely studied owing to the recent advances in digital signal processors. Typical applications of ANC include the noise reduction inside the air duct, where the sound wave propagates one-dimensionally along a waveguide. However, the sound wave propagates spherically in free space, which accordingly makes the global attenuation difficult. In the present study, a simple but adaptive active noise controller, namely, a single-frequency adaptive notch filter, has been introduced to mitigate low-frequency sounds within free space. Controlling sound is produced according to the internally generated reference signal, which makes the control performance stable. In addition, frequency change of the target noise is predicted in real-time so that the system becomes adaptive. Experiments are performed for the active control of noise generated by single source, whose frequency varies with time. It is shown that the suggested ANC system can mitigate sound effectively with a substantial stability performance.
Combining genetic and ecological data to assess the conservation status of the endangered Ethiopian walia ibex (2009)

Abstract Knowledge about the phylogenetic history, genetic variation and ecological requirements of a species is important for its conservation and management. Unfortunately, for many species this information is lacking. Here we use multiple approaches (phylogenetics, population genetics and ecological modelling) to evaluate the evolutionary history and conservation status of Capra walie , an endangered flagship species of wild goat endemic to Ethiopia. The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and Y‐chromosome DNA sequences suggests that C. walie forms a monophyletic clade with Capra nubiana , but potentially has been isolated for up to 0.8 million years from this closely related species. Microsatellite DNA analyses show that C. walie has very low genetic variation (mean heterozygosity=0.35) compared with other endangered mammals. This reduced variation likely derives from a prolonged demographic decline and small effective population size. Ecological niche modelling using the bioclimatic features of habitats occupied by C. walie , suggests ecological differences between C. walie and C. nubiana , and identifies the areas most suitable for future reintroductions of C. walie . The genetic and bioclimatic data suggest that C. walie is distinct and requires immediate conservation actions including genetic monitoring and reintroductions to establish independent populations. This study illustrates how combining noninvasive sampling along with genetic and ecological (bioclimatic) approaches can help assess conservation status of poorly known species.