gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underbalanced and Coiled-Tubing Drilling Technologies Successfully Applied in a Through-Tubing Horizontal Short-Radius Well in Hassi Messaoud Field, Algeria (2007)

Abstract The Hassi Messaoud field (Figure 1), discovered in 1956, is the largest oil field in Algeria, covering about 2000 Km2 and currently including over 1000 Wells. The field is divided aerially into 25 zones that are separated from each other by low permeability barriers, usually faults. The Cambrian Reservoir is subdivided into four lithological zones designated from base to top as R3, R2, Ra and Ri. The Ra sub reservoir shows the best petrophysical properties with a maximum thickness of 150 m in the western part of the field. The Ra is farther subdivided into five sub zones: D1, ID, D2, D3, and D4 based on reservoir properties and depositional conditions. Well F was the 6th re-entry well in the Sonatrach Coiled Tubing – Underbalanced Drilling campaign. A total of 363 m from KOP (303 m from landing point) were successfully drilled in a continuous underbalanced condition inside D1 and ID formations. As a result, the well productivity while drilling and while production test, the reservoir characterization and rate of penetration was significantly improved, compared with offset wells, due to the positive impacts of UBD operations. The combination of Underbalanced and Coiled Tubing Drilling technologies has been proven to be a viable solution to successfully drill horizontal re-entry wells in mature fields where the reservoir pressure is adequate to induce underbalanced conditions using single phase or multiphase drilling fluid. The experience in this field has validated the benefits of the combination of these technologies and has been attributed to the excellent balance between drilling cost and improved productivity. For example, the drilling cost in the short radius re-entry wells drilled with coiled tubing are highly reduced due to the elimination of pipe connection procedures, the increase in rate of penetration, the prevention of conventional drilling problems such as fluid circulation loses and related differential sticking events, the increase in the bit life and reduction in time and drilled distance to reach the profitable production level. This paper describes the technical basis for the design and implementation of the Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling project in Hassi Messaoud Field and highlights the operational key factors and challenges faced during this particular and successful application in Algeria.
Purification and Enzymic Properties of Mot1 ATPase, a Regulator of Basal Transcription in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

The 1867-residue Mot1 protein is a member of a superfamily of ATPases, some of which are helicases, that interact with protein-nucleic acid assemblies. Mot1 is an essential regulator of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in vivo and dissociates TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-DNA complexes in vitro. Mot1-(His)(6) was purified to apparent homogeneity from yeast extracts. The preparation efficiently dissociated TBP.TATA complexes, suggesting that no other protein or cofactor is required. Mot1 behaved as a non-globular monomer in hydrodynamic studies, and no association was detected between differentially tagged co-expressed Mot1 constructs. ATPase activity was stimulated about 10-fold by high ionic strength or alkaline pH, or by deletion of the N-terminal TBP-binding segment, suggesting that the N-terminal domain negatively regulates the C-terminal ATPase domain (Mot1C). Correspondingly, at moderate salt concentration, Mot1 ATPase (but not Mot1C) was stimulated >/=10-fold by yeast TBP, suggesting that interaction with TBP relieves a conformational constraint in Mot1. Double- or single-stranded TATA-containing DNA did not affect ATPase activity of Mot1 or Mot1C, with or without TBP. Mot1 did not exhibit detectable helicase activity in strand displacement assays using substrates with flush ends or 5'- or 3'-overhangs. Mot1-catalyzed dissociation of TBP from DNA was not prevented by a psoralen cross-link positioned immediately preceding the TATA sequence. Thus, Mot1 most likely promotes release of TBP from TATA-containing DNA by causing a structural change in TBP itself, rather than by strand unwinding.
An upcoming drug for onychomycosis: Tavaborole (2015)

Fungal infection of the nail as well as nail bed is termed as 'onychomycosis'. It is caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic fungal species and yeasts like Candida albicans. It is traditionally treated by topical antifungals, systemic agents like ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, fluconazole, etc. Chemical avulsion or surgical removal of nail can also be tried to treat this disease. In spite of all these treatment options available, podiatrists were always in search of an ideal drug molecule with lesser side effects and which may improve the patient compliance. This exhaustive search led to the discovery of a better antifungal agent, known as "Tavaborole." A systematic literature search was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, etc. Detailed information about onychomycosis and tavaborole was gathered. Tavaborole is the first oxaborole antifungal agent approved by FDA in July 2014. It is marketed under the trade name "Kerydin." It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in the fungus. It inhibits an enzyme known as cytosolic leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase, or LeuRS, which plays a key role in fungal essential protein synthesis. Dermatitis at the site of topical application, erythema, exfoliation and ingrowing toe nail has been reported in 1% of subjects. Tavaborole may offer a promising role in the treatment of onychomycosis and may compell podiatrists to offer its use in onychomycosis. The present study describes about chemical nature, mechanism of action and two completed phase 3 clinical trial findings of Tavaborole.
Technology Development (1983)

In technology development significant advances are as often the result of a series of evolutionary steps as they are of breakthroughs. This is illustrated by the examples of the steam engine and the computer. Breakthroughs, such as the transistor, are relatively rare, and are often the result of the introduction of new knowledge coming from a quite different area. Technology development is often difficult to predict because of its complexity; practical considerations may far outweigh apparent scientific advantages, and cultural factors enter in at many levels. In a large technological organization problems exist in bringing scientific knowledge to bear on development, but much can be done to obviate these difficulties.
96-20: Hybrid ablation for long-standing persistent AF. A 2 stage non-concomitant approach using the Cobra Fusion Device and catheter ablation - single-centre experience (2016)

Introduction: Treatment of long-standing persistent Atrial Fibrillation (LsPsAF) remains challenging, with the optimal ablative approach unclear. We describe our experience in non-concomitant hybrid AF ablation using the Cobra Fusion device followed by catheter ablation. Methods: LsPsAF patients with unfavourable characteristics for catheter ablation alone (continuous AF duration >1 year, enlarged left atrium (LA), previous failed catheter ablation) are chosen for the procedure. The first stage is a right, video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) approach. The Cobra Fusion RF system (Atricure Inc, West Chester, OH) is used to deliver epicardial RF ablation forming a “box lesion” to isolate the LA Posterior Wall (LAPW). All patients then return for a staged catheter procedure approximately 60 days later, with, if required, additional lesions to complete LAPW isolation. The procedure is completed with a cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation line. Summary of Results: 41 patients had the VATS procedure. Epicardial ablation was performed in 38 (2 had dense pericardial adhesions). 1 patient had a CVA which developed 24 hours post operatively and 5 patients developed a transient phrenic nerve palsy post op. 24 patients have undergone the 2nd catheter ablation stage. The LAPW was isolated at baseline in 7 patients. Posterior wall isoloation was achieved at 2nd stage in all but 1. 9 patients have greater than 1 year follow up. 7 of them (78%) are in SR with only 1 on antiarrhythmics (AA) (13%). 21 patients have greater than 3 months follow up. Of those, 17 remain in SR with only 3 of them on AA. Conclusions: 81% of LsPsAF patients in our series are in sinus rhythm on preliminary follow-up following non-concomitant hybrid ablation. 77% are in SR at over 1 year post the 2nd stage procedure with the longest follow-up patients now over 2 years. Further research is required to determine long-term outcomes from this technique, but these results are encouraging for patients with LsPsAF.
Functional Bionanomaterials—Embedded Devices for Sustainable Energy Storage (2022)

Since the end of the twentieth century, incredible focus has been given to harvesting and storing energy from sustainable and renewable sources to control the consumption of energy generated from fossil fuels. Advancements in materials chemistry research has brought about a major breakthrough in smart electronic devices. Numerous conductive nanomaterials have been extensively incorporated with different green substrates in the design and fabrication of energy storage devices for enhancing the performance of hybrid materials. Their high-end features such as excellent portability, flexibility, and performance stability have become highly popular in consumers' daily lives. However, these devices are required to power up by supplying energy for uninterrupted operations. To address this issue, energy produced from green, sustainable, and renewable sources have received remarkable consideration. This is especially important to address the energy crisis in the upcoming decades because of their sustainability and long-term operations. This chapter summarizes various bionanomaterials that have been integrated into high performance energy storage devices for electronic applications.
Solitary Wave Runup on Plane Slopes (2001)

This study deals with the runup of solitary waves on a uniform plane beach connected to an open ocean of constant depth. The waves are nonbreaking during the runup process. A nonlinear solution to the classical shallow water equation, that describes the wave characteristics on the beach, is obtained analytically by using a hodograph transformation. It was found that the nonlinear theory agreed well with experimental results. The maximum runup predicted by the nonlinear theory is larger than that predicted earlier and the correction is on the order of the offshore relative wave height for a given slope. This correction for nonbreaking waves on beaches decreases as the beach slope steepens.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of CdSe Nanocrystals on Doped GaAs Substrates (2002)

This letter reports the self-assembly and analysis of CdSe nanocrystal monolayers on both p- and n-doped GaAs substrates. The self-assembly was performed using a 1,6-hexanedithiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to link CdSe nanocrystals to GaAs substrates. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), optical ellipsometry, photoluminescence (PL), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements were used to confirm stable, disordered, densely packed CdSe nanocrystal monolayers separated from the substrate by a SAM of 1,6-hexanedithiol.
High performance of AlGaInP/GaInP visible lasers by strain induced effects (1991)

An AlGaInP/GaInP visible strained single quantum well (SSQW) laser has been investigated. In comparison with a conventional lattice-matched single quantum well (SQW) laser, it was found that a 25% increase in the differential gain coefficient β and a 60% decrease in the transparency current density J0 have been obtained by incorporating a 0.65% compressive SSQW active layer structure.
Trajectory Planning for High Speed Multiple Axis Contouring Systems (1989)

In the high speed coordinated motion of multiple axis linear systems two objectives must be achieved: 1) specified position accuracy and 2) well behaved actuator torque output. Objective (1) can be achieved through the design of an appropriate feedforward controller and (2) is achieved both through feedforward controller design and trajectory planning. Since actuator saturation will result in loss of position accuracy, failure to achieve (2) will also result in the violation of (1). This paper considers the generation of minimum time tracking velocity profiles for multiple axis contouring systems along prespecified spatial curves while subject to hard actuator torque limits. The result is applicable to systems with a general number of axes which may be dynamically coupled. It is also demonstrated that the trajectory generation and controller design problems are interdependent, and a method of selecting a trajectory generation algorithm for a given system under discrete time feedforward/feedback control is described.
Study on the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and neutral lipid in Hanwoo beef and their relationship to genetic variation (2019)

Maize which has very high omega-6 fatty acid content has been used as a main feed grain for Hanwoo beef production to increase marbling, and thus omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef is expected to be biased. To elucidate the current status of omega fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef, fatty acid profiles of neutral lipid and phospholipid fraction were analyzed separately using 55 Hanwoo steers' <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle slaughtered at Pyeongchang, Korea from Oct. to Nov. 2015. In addition, an association study was conducted to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from references and omega fatty acid profiles in phospholipid of Hanwoo beef samples using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In neutral lipid fraction, composition of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower compared to those in phospholipid fraction. The mean n-6/n-3 ratios of Hanwoo were 56.059 ± 16.180 and 26.811 ± 6.668 in phospholipid and neutral lipid, respectively. There were three SNPs showing statistically significant associations with omega fatty acid content. GA type of rs41919985 in fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly associated with the highest amount of C20:5 n-3 (<i>p</i> = 0.031). CC type of rs41729173 in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was significantly associated with the lowest amount of C22:2n-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.047). AG type of rs42187261 in FADS1 was significantly linked to the lowest concentration of C20:4 n-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.044). The total n-6/n-3 ratio of the steer which has all four SNP types in above loci (27.905) was much lower than the mean value of the total n-6/n-3 ratio in phospholipid of the 55 Hanwoo steers (56.059 ± 16.180). It was found that phospholipid and neutral lipid of Hanwoo have very high n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the reported data from different cow breeds. Four SNPs in genes related with fatty acid metabolism showed significant associations with the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and may have potential as SNP markers to select Hanwoo steers in terms of n-6/n-3 balance in the future.
Optical Stability of Axially Chiral Push–Pull‐Substituted Buta‐1,3‐dienes: Effect of a Single Methyl Group on the C60 Surface (2010)

A new spin on C60: Axially chiral, push–pull buta-1,3-diene chromophores conjugated to vicinally methylated fullerenes (see picture) have high barriers of rotation about their chiral axes. These high barriers allowed their optical resolution and the determination of the absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and calculated circular dichroism spectra. The methyl group is rigidly fixed upon the surface of the carbon sphere and is responsible for the high rotational barriers. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optical Control of a Delayed Rectifier and a Two-Pore Potassium Channel with a Photoswitchable Bupivacaine (2018)

Photoswitchable blockers of potassium channels can be used to optically control neuronal excitability and hold great promise for vision restoration. Here, we report a series of improved photoswitchable blockers that are furnished with a new pharmacophore based on the local anesthetic bupivacaine. These azobupivacaines (ABs) enable optical control over the delayed rectifier channel K<sub>v</sub>2.1. and target the two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1. For the first time, we have identified a compound that blocks conductance in the dark and potentiates it upon illumination. Using light as a trigger, ABs efficiently and reversibly silence action potential firing of hippocampal neurons in acute mouse brain slices.
Decentralized FLL-Assisted PLL Design for Robust GNSS Carrier Tracking (2021)

This letter presents a decentralized state estimation framework for FLL-assisted PLL design to enhance the GNSS carrier tracking loop capability. Different from the existing centralized structure that fuses the FLL and PLL measurements via a collective filter, this architecture allows the measurements to be distributively filtered in the local state estimators. Thus, the global carrier state can be updated by combining the local estimates through weighting matrices. The proposed decentralized carrier tracking framework ensures high precision phase performance against noisy measurements and preserves intrinsically wider pull-in range in the presence of large Doppler errors, simultaneously. Demonstrative simulations are provided to show that the decentralized framework exhibits excellent robustness against weak signal and high dynamic conditions as compared with the existing centralized carrier tracking method.
A linear-centric modeling approach to harmonic balance analysis (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new harmonic balance simulation methodology based on a linear-centric modeling approach. A linear circuit representation of the nonlinear devices and associated parasitics is used along with corresponding time and frequency domain inputs to solve for the nonlinear steady-state response via successive chord (SC) iterations. For our circuit examples, this approach is shown to be up to 60/spl times/ more run-time efficient than traditional Newton-Raphson (N-R) based iterative methods, while providing the same level of accuracy. This SC-based approach converges as reliably as the N-R approaches, including for circuit problems which cause alternative relaxation-based harmonic balance approaches to fail. The efficacy of this linear-centric methodology further improves with increasing model complexity, the inclusion of interconnect parasitics and other analyses that are otherwise difficult with traditional nonlinear models.
Modeling and design of circular coupled cavities (2009)

The present report examines both analytically and numerically by using a two-dimensional electromagnetic solver the frequency tuning characteristics and electric-field patterns in a two-celled system consisting of cylindrical cavities coupled by a circular iris. It is shown that the presence of the iris introduces unique features not found in hollow circular cavities, namely, the occurrence of flat portions on the frequency tuning curves for varying iris radius.
Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research (2nd ed.). (1982)

This text develops the science of biometry from an elementary introduction up to the advanced methods necessary for biological research and for an understanding of the published literature. This text is aimed primarily at the academic biologist including general zoologists botanists microbiologists geneticists and physiologists in universities research institutes and museums. This book while furnishing ample directions for the analysis of experimental works also stresses the descriptive and analytical statistical study of biological phenomena. It is intended both as a text to accompany a lecture course and as a complete course for self-study. The book aims to instill in students an ability to think through biological research problems in such a way as to grasp the essentials of the experimental or analytical setup to know which types of statistical tests to apply in a given case and to carry out the computations required. Chapters cover biological data data handling descriptive statistics probability estimation and hupothesis testing analysis of variance linear regression correlation multiple and curvilinear regression analysis of frequencies and miscellaneous methods.
Loop technique for degenerative mitral regurgitation due to extended prolapse (2021)

MV repair using the loop technique was useful even in groups with extended prolapse.
Use of In Situ-Generated Dimethyldioxirane for Inactivation of Biological Agents (2005)

Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), generated in situ by adding acetone to an aqueous solution containing potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone) at neutral pH, was investigated for inactivation of biological warfare agent simulants. The DMDO solution inactivated bacterial spores, fungal spores, vegetative bacterial cells, viruses, and protein by 7 orders of magnitude in less than 10 min. The kill rates of DMDO were more pronounced when compared to kill rates of buffered Oxone alone. Conditions for the use of DMDO as a biological decontaminant were optimized by evaluating the effects of age and temperature on open systems. DMDO effectiveness was compared to that of current decontaminant solutions such as DS2 (used by the U.S. military), bleach, and hydrogen peroxide and was shown to be superior in achieving a 7-log kill of Bacillus atrophaeus, a Bacillus anthracis spore simulant. The results demonstrate the potential for DMDO to fill the need for a noncorrosive, nontoxic, and environmentally safe decontaminant.
Improving manufacturing of PolyVinyl Chloride via catalytic decomposition of peroxides (2019)

International audience