gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substance P production by P388D1 macrophages: a possible autocrine function for this neuropeptide. (1990)

This study investigates the ability of P388D1 macrophages to synthesize and secrete substance P (SP). Using a monoclonal anti-SP antibody (termed MASP-1) coupled to Sepharose, it was possible to immunoaffinity purify from culture supernates a peptide that was antigenically related to SP. P388D1 macrophage cultured in the presence of 35S-methionine secreted into culture supernates a labelled peptide which could be recognized by MASP-1. Affinity-purified, P388D1-derived SP was shown to be chemically similar to synthetic SP using gel-filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. In addition, an RIA using a polyclonal, monospecific antibody was used to quantify the amount of secreted SP in cultured supernates. P388D1 macrophages secreted 222 pg SP per 10(8) cells, whereas SP secretion by control thymocyte cultures was not detectable. The functionality of the P388D1-derived SP was also investigated. Since exogenously added SP can increase secretion of an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like activity in these cells, we questioned whether an anti-SP antibody could remove P388D1-secreted SP from the culture, and in turn reduce cytokine production. By culturing varying dilutions of MASP-1 with P388D1 cells, it was possible to decrease cytokine production by P388D1 cells compared to cultures containing no antibody or with normal mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that macrophage-derived SP may function in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to modulate macrophage function.
Uniform-tension form-finding design for cable-mesh deployable reflectors (2015)

Space deployable cable-mesh reflector antennas are required to be tensioned in a self-equilibrated state through form-finding design. For this problem, an iterative design method is presented, which consists of two steps, one for the front net and the other for the rear net. First, the front net is designed iteratively with the combination of force density method and surface stress density method. With all the front net nodes on the ideal paraboloid, the tension of the cables and stress of the membranes are designed to be uniform. Second, according to the shape and tensions of the front net, the maximum tension ratio of the rear net is minimized with the tension ties remaining vertical, using the equilibrium matrix method. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method can effectively implement the from-finding design of cable-mesh reflector antennas considering both cables and membranes.
Bootstrapping path-based pronoun resolution (2006)

We present an approach to pronoun resolution based on syntactic paths. Through a simple bootstrapping procedure, we learn the likelihood of coreference between a pronoun and a candidate noun based on the path in the parse tree between the two entities. This path information enables us to handle previously challenging resolution instances, and also robustly addresses traditional syntactic coreference constraints. Highly coreferent paths also allow mining of precise probabilistic gender/number information. We combine statistical knowledge with well known features in a Support Vector Machine pronoun resolution classifier. Significant gains in performance are observed on several datasets.
A world orchestra (2009)

Music brings communities closer together. The following activities help children to experience sounds from around the world, to create their own compositions and to perform in front of their friends.
A Chemically-defined Medium for the Growth of a Ureolytic Strain of Streptococcus faecium (1976)

A chemically-defined medium was developed which supported growth of Streptococcus faecium and permitted synthesis of urease. This streptococcus cannot utilize ammonia and needs a complex medium, but its requirements are probably provided in the rumen. The specific activity of urease was inversely related to growth and in no medium was there high growth and high urease activity. Anaerobic culture and the presence of urea in the medium were essential for urease activity, but not for growth.
Spermatozoa, acts as an external cue and alters the cargo and production of the extracellular vesicles derived from oviductal epithelial cells in vitro (2022)

The oviduct provides optimum physiological and biochemical milieu essential for successful fertilization, early embryo development and facilitates functional maturation of spermatozoa. A study has revealed that spermatozoa alters the gene expression in bovine oviductal epithelial cells (BOECs) remotely via bio-active particles, thus acting as a cue to the oviduct prior to their arrival. However, very little attention has been paid to the question of whether spermatozoa could alter the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from BOECs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in small non-coding RNAs in EVs cargo derived from BOECs when incubated with spermatozoa in contact and non-contact co-culture models. After 4 h of incubation the EVs were isolated from the conditioned media, followed by small non-coding sequencing of the BOEC derived EVs. Our results revealed that EVs from both co-culture models contained distinct cargo in form of miRNA, fragmented mRNA versus control. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that EV miRNA from direct co-culture were involved in the biological processes associated with phagocytosis, macroautophagy, placenta development, cellular responses to TNF and FGF. The mRNA fragments also varied within the different groups and mapped to the exonic regions of the transcriptome providing vital insights regarding the changes in cellular transcriptome on the arrival of spermatozoa. The findings of this study suggest that spermatozoa, in contact as well as remotely, alter the EV cargo of female reproductive tract epithelial cells which might be playing an essential role in pre and post-fertilization events.
The role of memory in guiding attention during natural vision (2006)

What is the time frame in which perceptual memory guides attention? Current estimates range from a few hundred milliseconds to several seconds, minutes, or even days. Here, we answer this question by establishing the time course of attentional selection in realistic viewing conditions. First, we transformed continuous video clips into MTV-style video clips by stringing together continuous clip segments using abrupt transitions (jump cuts). We then asked participants to visually explore either continuous or MTV-style clips and recorded their saccades as objective behavioral indicators of attentional selections. The utilization of perceptual memory was estimated across viewing conditions and over time by quantifying the agreement between human attentional selections and predictions made by a neurally grounded computational model. In the critical condition, jump cuts led to sharp declines in the impact of perceptual memory on attentional selection, followed by monotonic increases in memory utilization across seven consecutive saccades and 2.5 s. These results demonstrate that perceptual memory traces play an important role in guiding attention across several saccades during natural vision. We propose novel hypotheses and experiments using hybrid natural-artificial stimuli to further elucidate neurocomputational mechanisms of attentional selection.
Distribution of Pyrophosphate:Fructose 6-Phosphate Phosphotransferase in Maize Leaves (1986)

In leaves of maize (Zea mays) the activity of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) is much less than that of ATP:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase. A sequential extraction technique was used to study the location of PFP in this tissue. When compared with enzymes known to be restricted to specific locations in maize, the distribution of PFP activity in the sequential extracts indicated that PFP is located predominantly, if not exclusively, in the mesophyll cytoplasm. Although confined to the same site as sucrose synthesis, the level of PFP activity is inadequate to contribute significantly to the gluconeogenic flux from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. The absence of PFP activity from the bundle-sheath demonstrates that this activity is not essential for glycolysis in higher plants.
Immunogenicity of a novel tetravalent vaccine formulation with four recombinant lipidated dengue envelope protein domain IIIs in mice (2016)

We developed a novel platform to express high levels of recombinant lipoproteins with intrinsic adjuvant properties. Based on this technology, our group developed recombinant lipidated dengue envelope protein domain IIIs as vaccine candidates against dengue virus. This work aims to evaluate the immune responses in mice to the tetravalent formulation. We demonstrate that 4 serotypes of recombinant lipidated dengue envelope protein domain III induced both humoral and cellular immunity against all 4 serotypes of dengue virus on the mixture that formed the tetravalent formulation. Importantly, the immune responses induced by the tetravalent formulation in the absence of the exogenous adjuvant were functional in clearing the 4 serotypes of dengue virus in vivo. We affirm that the tetravalent formulation of recombinant lipidated dengue envelope protein domain III is a potential vaccine candidate against dengue virus and suggest further detailed studies of this formulation in nonhuman primates.
T7G (7th Guest) Reel 7B, 30-Min. Album Clone (1992)

ADAT tape from the Sanger (George) Papers. Labeled 'T7G Reel7B.' Extra metadata: "30 MIN ALBUM CLONE" Audio technical metadata is located in associated XML file.
Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers to estimate the proportion of Pisolithus tinctorius and Eucalyptus RNAs in ectomycorrhiza (1997)

Ectomycorrhiza is a complex association of several types of plant and fungal cells. Differentiation of symbiotic structures is correlated with large changes in mRNA synthesis, leading to novel protein patterns. Quantification of up- and down-regulated specific transcripts is complicated by the intermingling of root and hyphal components. Determination of steady-state levels of symbiosis-regulated mRNA requires a normalization to the housekeeping RNA content of each partner. In this study, the usefulness of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) as molecular markers of the root colonization by fungal mycelium was assayed. The rDNA ITSs of Pisolithus tinctorius and Eucalyptus globulus were cloned by PCR amplification, and their sequences were determined. They contained the 5.8S rDNAs, and these two probes did not cross-hybridize. Steady-state levels of the ITS-5.8S rRNAs in the vegetative mycelium, in the noninfected root, and in ectomycorrhizas of E. globulus-P. tinctorius 441 were estimated at different stages of development. Colonization of roots by the mycelium provoked a large decrease in the proportion of root rRNAs. At the end of mycorrhiza formation, about 80% of the ectomycorrhizal RNA belonged to the mycobiont. The ITS-5.8S can be used as a specific probe for the estimation of fungal or plant rRNA in the symbiotic tissues and to determine whether an mRNA is down- or up-regulated in ectomycorrhiza.
The enigma of mixed connective tissue disease—challenges in routine care (2022)

Our study showed a high risk for misdiagnosis for patients with MCTD. As a multi-organ disease, MCTD required prolonged immunomodulating therapy to achieve remission. The establishment of an international registry with longitudinal data from observational multi-centre cohorts might represent a first step to address the many unmet needs of MCTD.
Integration of Co-Flow Jet Airfoil with Micro-Compressor for High Efficiency Cruise at Different Mach Numbers (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1299.vid This paper simulates the integration of a 3D Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) airfoil with a quasi-micro-compressor represented by compressor boundary conditions to study the cruise performance with a variation of Mach numbers. The purpose is to understand how the micro-compressor will operate at different Mach numbers in order to design the CFJ airfoil system with high cruise efficiency. The Mach numbers studied are 0.17, 0.25, and 0.46 to represent a range of cruise conditions for electric airplanes. The airfoil is designed for optimum cruise efficiency, meeting the mission requirements from given geometric dimensions. The micro-compressor is designed to satisfy required total pressure ratio and the dimension of the airfoil with a maximized mass flow rate. At Mach numbers 0.17 and 0.25, micro-compressor design G8A has a low design total pressure ratio of 1.04, while Mach number 0.46 requires a micro-compressor design G5 with a higher design total pressure ratio of 1.17 to compensate for the larger boundary layer loss of the airfoil. CFJ injection and suction ducts are designed with minimum total pressure loss to achieve the high efficiency operating region in the compressor map. The ducts connecting the micro-compressors with the CFJ airfoil have a circular shape at the interface of the micro-compressor and transition to rectangle slots at the airfoil. Design iteration of the ducts is an important step in the integration of CFJ airfoil and micro-compressor by matching the mass flow rate and compressor total pressure ratio to the high efficiency operating line. The micro-compressor outlet is simulated with a swirl profile provided by each of the two compressor designs. The micro-compressor design is only conducted once and is not in the iteration process to save the design cycle. The micro-compressor is thus a quasi-micro-compressor. The simulation of each Mach number is for cruise condition at low angle of attack 5° with a range of 0° to 15°. The results show that by integrating the designs of micro-compressor and CFJ airfoil through duct design, a high efficiency operating line can be achieved with efficiency of about 76% to 82% for Mach number 0.17, 79% to 85% for Mach number 0.25, and 73% to 78% for Mach number 0.46. The study demonstrates that CFJ airfoil design integration with the micro-compressor allows the CFJ aircraft to cruise at a high efficiency operating range of the compressor for a range of Mach numbers.
A knowledge-based approach to improving optimization techniques in system planning (1990)

A knowledge-based (KB) approach to improve mathematical programming techniques used in the system planning environment is presented. The KB system assists in selecting appropriate optimization algorithms, objective functions, constraints and parameters. The scheme is implemented by integrating symbolic computation of rules derived from operator and planner's experience and is used for generalized optimization packages. The KB optimization software package is capable of improving the overall planning process which includes correction of given violations. The method was demonstrated on a large scale power system discussed in the paper.
Poly(ferrocenylsilane) electrolytes as a gold nanoparticle foundry: “two-in-one” redox synthesis and electrosteric stabilization, and sensing applications (2017)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with responsive polymers gained considerable interest due to their controllable size, good stability, and fast environmental response suitable for biological applications and sensing. Here we report on a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of stable and redox responsive AuNPs using organometallic polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions of HAuCl<sub>4</sub>. In the redox reaction, positively or negatively charged poly(ferrocenylsilanes) (PFS<sup>+</sup>/PFS<sup>-</sup>) served as reducing agents, and also as stabilizing polymers. Due to their unique tunable electrostatic and electrosteric protection, AuNPs coated with PFS<sup>-</sup>, (PFS<sup>+</sup>)@AuNPs, possess high redox sensitivity, with reversible, repetitive, sustainable color switching between the assembled (purple color) and disassembled (red color) states as evidenced by UV-Vis absorption and TEM measurements. Feasibility studies reported here indicate that the particles described can be applied as a colorimetric probe for the detection of redox molecules, e.g. vitamin C, in a controlled and facile manner.
The Development of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) (2000)

This paper is based on the winning submission for the 1998 Chapman prize awarded by the British Orthodontic Society for an essay on a subject promoting the interests of orthodontics. The aim of the investigation is to develop a single index for assessing treatment inputs and outcomes. An international panel of 97 orthodontists gave subjective judgements on the need for treatment, treatment complexity, treatment improvement, and acceptability on a diverse sample of 240 initial and 98 treated study models. The occlusal traits in the study models were scored according to a defined numerical protocol. Five highly predictive occlusal traits were identified (IOTN Aesthetic Component, crossbite, upper arch crowding/ spacing, buccal segment antero-posterior relationships, and anterior vertical relationship) and then used to 'predict' the panelist's decisions using regression analysis. Cut-off values were determined for the dichotomous judgements by plotting specificity sensitivity and overall accuracy. Twenty percentile ranges were used to determine 5 grades of complexity and improvement. The index prediction of decisions for treatment need, had specificity 84.4 per cent, sensitivity 85.2 per cent, and overall accuracy 85 per cent. When used to predict treatment outcomes, the new index had specificity 64.8 per cent, sensitivity 70.1 per cent, and overall accuracy 68.1 per cent. The index could explain 75.6 per cent of the variance in the mean casewise complexity score and 63.5 per cent of the mean casewise improvement score. A new orthodontic index is proposed to assess treatment need, complexity, and outcome. It is based on international orthodontic opinion.
Six New Steroidal Saponins from Helleborus thibetanus (2014)

Abstract Six steroidal saponins, including five spirostanol glycosides, 1 – 5 , and one furostanol glycoside 1‐sulfonate, 6 , previously unknown in nature, together with three known compounds, 7 – 9 , were isolated from dried roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, along with IR and HR‐ESI‐MS data, as well as the results of acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1 – 5 possessed a C(25)C(27) bond and were glycosylated at HOC(1), which was unusual in steroidal saponins.
Liver of juvenile atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: A light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopic study, with special reference to the sinusoid (1994)

The sinusoids of Atlantic salmon liver are lined by a fenestrated endothelium, with PSC located in the space of Disse, with macrophages and IHC as inhabitants of the interhepatocytic space. IHC show ultrastructural similarities to mammalian pit cells and teleostean large granular lymphocytes, as well as to piscine monocytes. PSC might be storage cells for vitamin A in Atlantic salmon as shown by autofluorescence in these cells, while immunohistochemical studies indicate that desmin does not seem to be an adequate immunohistochemical marker for PSC in the juvenile Atlantic salmon. Methodologically, fixation for electron microscopy was performed by a new and convenient perfusion method: arterial retrograde whole body perfusion. Liver specimens intended for scanning electron microscopy were fractured at room temperature after prolonged osmium postfixation, leaving hepatocytes intact and producing images well suited to document the three-dimensional structure of cells and tissue.
Epigenetic and phenotypic changes result from a continuous pre and post natal dietary exposure to phytoestrogens in an experimental population of mice (2008)

This study demonstrates in mammals that individuals from a population subjected to a high consumption of isoflavones can show alterations in characters that may be of importance from an evolutionary perspective, such as epigenetic and morphometric characters or sexual maturation, a life history character.
Mathematical Modeling of Aerosol Collection in Fluidized-Bed Filters (1990)

In this work, an improved model for aerosol collection in fluidized-bed filters is developed. Based on the multistage three-phase concept of fluidization, a simple yet realistic model is presented. This model takes into account the major hydrodynamic aspects of fluidization as well as the various collection mechanisms. The model equations are solved analytically. Thus, compared with earlier studies, the present work offers the advantage of providing a physically consistent mathematical description that can be solved without the need to employ cumbersome numerical procedures. The model predictions agree reasonably well with the data for aerosol filtration in fluidized beds. The proposed analysis is then used to investigate the influence of various design and operating parameters on the bed collection efficiency. It is shown that for the systems examined in this work, fluidized filters are most efficient for aerosol particles smaller than 0.01 μm or larger than 100 μm. The overall collection efficiency can be significantly improved by reducing the gas velocity, increasing the collector diameter, or decreasing the bed aspect ratio.
The Expanding World of N-MYC–Driven Tumors (2018)

Enhanced and deregulated expression of N-MYC, a member of the MYC family of transcription factors, drives the development of multiple tumors, including tumors of the nervous and hematologic systems and neuroendocrine tumors in other organs. This review summarizes the cell-of-origin, biological features, associated signaling pathways, and current treatment strategies for N-MYC-driven tumors. We also highlight biological differences within specific tumor types that are driven by the different MYC proteins.<b>Significance:</b> N-MYC is a driver of multiple tumor types that are derived through a mechanism that involves direct differentiation within the same lineage (e.g., in the case of neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and acute myeloid leukemia) and is often associated with a poor prognosis. Emerging data suggest that N-MYC also drives other tumor types through a mechanism that promotes a lineage switch and that this switch may be exploited for therapeutic purposes. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(2); 150-63. ©2018 AACR.</i>