gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded coarse-to-fine convolutional neural networks for pericardial effusion localization and segmentation on CT scans (2018)

Pericardial effusions can impair cardiac function so detecting them is important. On CT scans, pericardial effusions demonstrate very high shape and volume variability and very low contrast to adjacent structures. This inhibits traditional automated segmentation methods from achieving high accuracies. Deep neural networks have been widely used for image segmentation in CT scans. In this work, we present a two-stage method for pericardial effusion localization and segmentation. For the first step, we localize the pericardial area from the entire CT volume, providing a reliable bounding box for the more refined segmentation. A coarse-scaled convolutional networks model is trained on entire CT volume. The resulting per-pixel probability maps are then thresholded to produce a bounding box covering the pericardial area. For the second step, a fine-scaled convolutional networks model is trained only on the bounding box region for effusion segmentation to reduce the background distraction. Two neural network architectures, the holistically-nested convolutional networks (HNN) and U-Net were compared. Quantitative evaluation is performed on a dataset of 25 CT scans (1206 images) of patients with pericardial effusions. The segmentation accuracies of our two-stage method, measured by Dice Similarity Coefficient, were 75.59±12.04% for HNN and 77.33±10.02% for U-Net. Both were significantly better than the segmentation accuracy (62.74±15.20% for HNN and 74.81±11.01%) of only using the coarse-scaled model.
Aircraft-sized anechoic chambers for electronic warfare, radar and other electromagnetic engineering evaluation (2017)

ABSTRACT This paper considers capabilities and benefits of aircraft-sized radio/radar frequency anechoic chambers for Test and Evaluation (T&amp;E) of Electronic Warfare (EW), radar and other electromagnetics aspects of air and ground platforms. There are few such chambers worldwide. Initially developed to reduce costs, timescales and risks associated with open-air range flight testing of EW systems, their utility has expanded to most areas of platforms’ electromagnetics’ T&amp;E. A key feature is the ability to conduct T&amp;E of nationally sensitive equipment and systems, fully installed on platforms, in absolute privacy. Chambers’ capabilities and uses are described, with emphasis on key infrastructure and instrumentation. Non-EW uses are identified and selected topics elaborated. Operation and maintenance are discussed, based on experiential knowledge from international use and the authors’ 30 years’ involvement with BAE Systems’ EW Test Facility. A view is provided of trends and challenges whose resolution could further increase chamber utility. National affordability challenges also suggest utility expansion to support continuing moves, from expensive and difficult to repeat flight test and operational evaluation trials, towards an affordability-driven optimal balance between modelling and simulation, and real-world testing of platforms.
Increased expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 9/monokine induced by interferon-γ in lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques during simian immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2002)

Abstract Chemokines are important mediators of cell trafficking during immune inductive and effector activities, and dysregulation of their expression might contribute to the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To understand better the effects of SIV infection on lymphoid tissues in rhesus macaques, we examined chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns by using DNA filter array hybridization. Of the 34 chemokines examined, the interferon γ (IFN-γ)–inducible chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 9/monokine induced by interferon-γ (CXCL9/Mig) was one of the most highly up-regulated chemokines in rhesus macaque spleen tissue early after infection with pathogenic SIV. The relative levels of expression of CXCL9/Mig mRNA in spleen and lymph nodes were significantly increased after infection with SIV in both quantitative image capture and analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, in situ hybridization for CXCL9/Mig mRNA revealed that the patterns of expression were altered after SIV infection. Associated with the increased expression of CXCL9/Mig were increased numbers of IFN-γ mRNA–positive cells in tissues and reduced percentages of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3+/CD3+ and CXCR3+/CD8+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood. We propose that SIV replication in vivo initiates IFN-γ–driven positive-feedback loops in lymphoid tissues that disrupt the trafficking of effector T lymphocytes and lead to chronic local inflammation, thereby contributing to immunopathogenesis.
Evidence for a metastable trans-cycloalkene intermediate in the photochemistry of 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-disilacyclohept-2-ene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for a metastable trans-cycloalkene intermediate in the photochemistry of 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-disilacyclohept-2-eneMark G. Steinmetz, Kevin J. Seguin, B. S. Udayakumar, and Jacqlynn S. BehnkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6601–6608Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 204: Disruption of the RACK1/PP2A complex results in a decrease in the adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells (2016)

Abstract Conflicting reports implicate the scaffolding protein RACK1 in the progression of breast cancer. PP2A has a well-established role as a tumour suppressor within signalling pathways but is also known to play a pro-carcinogenic role in certain circumstances [1]. RACK1 has been identified as a direct binding partner of PP2A to regulate cell migration and stabilize PP2A activity [2]. Our objective was to further characterise the interaction between PP2A and RACK1 in breast cancer cells. The PP2A holoenzyme is assembled in MCF-7 cells and we found that both the C subunit and A subunit of PP2A are assembled on the RACK1 scaffold. We used immobilized peptide arrays representing the entire PP2A-Catalytic protein to identify amino acids on the C subunit of PP2A that are required for the binding of RACK1. Once identified, these sites were mutated and expressed in the context of the full length PP2A C subunit protein and stable cell lines were generated. When the RACK1/PP2A interaction was disrupted, cells exhibited reduced PP2A phosphatase activity, confirming the role for RACK1 in stabilizing PP2A activity. We used the stable cell lines to determine that disruption of the RACK1/PP2A complex also reduces the adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion of this breast cancer cell model. The work has significantly advanced our understanding of the RACK1/PP2A complex and indicates a pro-carcinogenic role for the RACK1/PP2A complex. This work has highlighted a novel mechanism to target PP2A activity and may provide a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer. 1. Kiely, M. and P.A. Kiely, PP2A: The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing? Cancers, 2015. 7(2): p. 648-669. 2. Kiely, P.A., et al., Tyrosine 302 in RACK1 is essential for insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated competitive binding of PP2A and β1 integrin and for tumor cell proliferation and migration. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008. 283(34): p. 22952-22961. Citation Format: Maeve Kiely, Rosemary O’Connor, David Adams, George S. Baillie, Patrick A. Kiely. Disruption of the RACK1/PP2A complex results in a decrease in the adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 204.
Optimizing the Datapath for Key-value Middleware with NVMe SSDs over RDMA Interconnects (2017)

In-memory key-value store is a crucial building block of large-scale web architecture. Given the growth of the data volume and the need for low-latency responses, cost-effective storage expansion and fast large-message processing are the major challenges. In this paper, we explore the design of key-value middleware that takes advantage of modern NVMe SSDs and RDMA interconnects to achieve high performance without excessive DRAM deployment. We propose an all-in-userland approach to improve the data plane efficiency. Both NVMe and RDMA are interfaced directly from the user-space for effective data access and tailored data management. We present a low-latency storage extension framework based on NVMe and a new design of JVM-aware Memcache protocol based on RDMA. To further accelerate large-message transfer, we provide a hybrid communication protocol fusing Eager and Rendezvous schemas, and a united I/O staging approach to achieve maximum latency hiding through pipelining. As the benchmarking results indicate, with the non-negligible JVM overhead taken into account, our solution obtains comparable communication performance with the RDMA-Memcached released by the OSU. For SSD-involved operations, the latency decreases by up to 31% compared to the kernel-based I/O processing.
Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 Characterizes TLR9-Driven Formation of Interleukin-10-Producing B Cells (2018)

B cell-derived interleukin-10 (IL-10) production has been described as a hallmark for regulatory function in B lymphocytes. However, there is an ongoing debate on the origin of IL-10-secreting B cells and lack of specific surface markers has turned into an important obstacle for studying human B regulatory cells. In this study, we propose that tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression can be used for enrichment of IL-10-secreting B cells. Our data confirm that IL-10 production can be induced by TLR9 stimulation with CpG ODN and that IL-10 secretion accompanies differentiation of peripheral blood B cells into plasma blasts. We further show that CpG ODN stimulation induces TNFR2 expression, which correlates with IL-10 secretion and terminal differentiation. Indeed, flow cytometric sorting of TNFR2<sup>+</sup> B cells revealed that TNFR2<sup>+</sup> and TNFR2<sup>-</sup> fractions correspond to IL-10<sup>+</sup> and IL-10<sup>-</sup> fractions, respectively. Furthermore, CpG-induced TNFR2<sup>+</sup> B cells were predominantly found in the IgM<sup>+</sup> CD27<sup>+</sup> B cell subset and spontaneously released immunoglobulin. Finally, our data corroborate the functional impact of TNFR2 by demonstrating that stimulation with a TNFR2 agonist significantly augments IL-10 and IL-6 production in B cells. Altogether, our data highlight a new role for TNFR2 in IL-10-secreting human B lymphocytes along with the potential to exploit this finding for sorting and isolation of this currently ill-defined B cell subset.
Geophysical Discovery of a New LNAPL Plume at the Former Wurtsmith AFB, Oscoda, Michigan (1997)

Abstract Alight nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) ground water contaminant plume has been discovered by purely geophysical means at the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base (AFB) near Oscoda, Michigan. It is located near another plume called FT‐02, which is a well‐studied area undergoing natural bioremediation. The plume was discovered by ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiling while extending a long line from FT‐02 to establish background variability around that plume. The new plume was apparent because of a high‐conductivity “shadow’ or GPR reflection attenuation observed below the conductive zone at the top of the aquifer, identical to the pattern observed at the FT‐02 plume. Further GPR surveys were conducted by students of a Western Michigan University geophysics field course to outline the proximal part of the plume. The GPR survey was supplemented by an electromagnetic induction (EM) survey which showed a group of four cables crossing the area. Finally, a magnetometer survey was conducted to search for any buried steel objects which might have been missed by the EM survey. The results of the three geophysical surveys were then used by students of a University of Michigan field course to guide subsurface soil and fluid sampling, which verified the presence of residual LNAPL product and ground water with conductivities 2.5 to 3.3 times above background. The plume source is in the vicinity of a vaulted underground storage tank (UST) formerly used for the collection of waste solvents and fuels for subsequent use in the fire training exercises at FT‐02. This newly discovered LNAPL plume, along with other “mature’ plumes, fits the electrical model which predicts conductive ground water below the decomposing but electrically resistive LNAPLs. Finally, this is a fine example of the cooperative use of a dedicated research site for training by students of two different universities.
Measuring Personal Privacy Breaches Using Third-Party Trackers (2018)

While browsing the web, cookies are stored on user's computers. Some of these cookies are "third-party" cookies that can track the user across different websites. In this paper, we summarize what third-party cookies (trackers) are and the different types there are. We use a browser extension to examine what third party trackers are detected on popular websites. From the data collected, we examined the cookies on each website and identified common cookies. Finally, we offered solutions on how to protect browsers from unwanted third-party cookies.
The effect of action potential simulation therapy on blood flow (2000)

Action potential simulation therapy (APS) is mostly used for the relief of pain in a variety of conditions. However, the APS user’s guide (Lubbe &amp; Van Zyl, 1997) also lays claim to an effect of increased blood flow which has not yet been supported by published scientific research. The above study was carried out to determine whether APS has an effect on the blood supply of the area under treatment. Ten voluntary, healthy men were used as experimental subjects. Factors that could affect their blood flow and that served as exclusion criteria, could not be found. Blood flow was normalised by a resting period of 30 minutes before application. A radioactive substance (99m Tc-sestamibi) was injected intravenously. The blood flow baseline was determined by means of tomographic studies on a gamma camera. A standard application of APS was administered for 16 minutes at 2mA. Blood flow was determined immediately after this. Two further measurements with an interval of 15 minutes were taken thereafter. Although associated non-parametric confidence intervals for the median difference in blood flow from baseline was not statistically or clinically significant, the blood flow of 8 experimental subjects increased after 41 minutes of administration, while it decreased in only 2 experimental subjects. After the ensuing 15 minutes (thus at 56 minutes) the blood flow of 6 experimental subjects increased and that of 4 decreased. It can therefore not be stated with certainty that APS increases blood flow in the area under treatment.
Molybdenum Oxide in Hole-selective Contacts for Silicon-based Solar Cells (2019)

Although front and back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells exhibit promising external parameters, they are limited by the front highly absorptive doped layers. Due to their opto-electronic properties, research and development groups have demonstrated that transition metal oxides (TMO) are potential alternatives for doped layers in solar cells. In particular, molybdenum oxide (MoOx) is a good candidate for the p-contact layers. This thesis presents an investigation of the introduction of MoOx in the front contact of solar cells. To this purpose, the evolution of the passivation is evaluated along the fabrication process together with temperature sensitivity. The application of the layer negatively influences the passivation quality. Moreover, the passivation quality decreases more after annealing and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) deposition. We mitigate such issues by treating the surface of the passivation layer before MoOx application. The optimized contact stack shows implied open-circuit voltage above 715 mV and lifetime 1.57 ms. Finally, the contact stack is implemented in solar cells demonstrators. The best solar cell exhibits a short circuit current density (JSC) equal to 35.64 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 690 mV, a fill factor (FF) of 77.29% and a total efficiency (η) of 19.01%.
Active Learning of Multi-Index Function Models (2012)

We consider the problem of actively learning multi-index functions of the form f (x) = g(Ax) = ∑ki=1 gi(aTi x) from point evaluations of f. We assume that the function f is defined on an l2-ball in ℝd, g is twice continuously differentiable almost everywhere, and A ∈ ℝk×d is a rank k matrix, where k ≪ d. We propose a randomized, active sampling scheme for estimating such functions with uniform approximation guarantees. Our theoretical developments leverage recent techniques from low rank matrix recovery, which enables us to derive an estimator of the function f along with sample complexity bounds. We also characterize the noise robustness of the scheme, and provide empirical evidence that the high-dimensional scaling of our sample complexity bounds are quite accurate.
Fluid-orbit coupling calculation for flight analysis of impulsively driven laser vehicle (2013)

Using a fluid-orbit coupling simulator, we numerically solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with exchanging information of six-degree-of-freedom reactions for predicting impulsive flight motions of a laser propulsion vehicle driven by blast waves. By feedback of angular and translational velocities into the flowfield, pressure and viscous drags induced by the unsteady vehicle motion are introduced to provide precise motion analysis. In the impulsive-motion estimation of the laser-boosted vehicle, restoring forces and moments are underestimated if the vehicle motion effect is modeled using aerodynamic coefficients of steady flow. Also, a simple model using impulse data examined by experiments for predicting the impulsive motion is compared with our coupling approach which can reproduce instantaneous acceleration resulting from the interaction between the vehicle and the blast wave. Velocity overshoot is generated by evaluating sharp thrust through the coupling calculation, and the flight height becomes 6% larger than conventional prediction using the impulse data.
Flip-Flop Selection for Transition Test Pattern Reduction Using Partial Enhanced Scan (2009)

Enhanced scan delay testing approach can achieve high transition delay fault coverage by a small size of test pattern set but with significant hardware overhead. Although the implementation cost of launch on capture (LOC) approach is relatively low, the generated pattern set for testing delay faults is typically very large. In this paper, we present a novel flip-flop selection method to combine the respective advantages of the two approaches, by replacing a small number of selected regular scan cells with enhanced scan cells, thus to reduce the overall volume of transition delay test patterns effectively. Moreover, higher fault coverage can also be obtained by this approach compared to the standard LOC approach. Experimental results on larger ISCAS-89 and ITC-99 benchmark circuits using a commercial test generation tool show that the volume of test patterns can be reduced by over 70% and the transition delay fault coverage can be improved by up to 8.7%.
Training: Neural systems and intelligence applications (2011)

Advances in modeling and simulation can now substantially improve intelligence training. To maximize the benefi t of such advanced training systems, analysts and trainees must be equipped with tools that measure, diagnose, and mediate intelligence operations training exercises. When training foraging skills, neurotechnology can be used to monitor an analyst’s processing of data sources, diagnose how well relevance factors are determined and ‘nuggets’ are formulated, and initiate mediation when inadequacies are revealed. Neurotechnology could also be used to train sense-making skills by testing the quality and correctness of analyst decisions and facilitating the cognitive nuances inherent to individuals during the analytic sense-making process. This article discusses possible use of neurotechnology for measurement, diagnosis, and mediation in both the bottom-up and top-down processing cycles of information analysis, and provides a case study that summarizes the implementation of one such tool – the Revolutionary Advanced Processing Image Detection (RAPID) system.
PRECISE AGE OF THE PLATINIFEROUS MERENSKY REEF, BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA, BY THE U-Pb ZIRCON CHEMICAL ABRASION ID-TIMS TECHNIQUE (2008)

The Bushveld Complex, South Africa, is the world’s largest layered intrusion and host to the majority of the known resources of platinum group elements, chromium, and vanadium. Despite intensive study, determining the precise crystallization age of the Bushveld Complex has proven to be difficult. In this study, zircon and rutile were identified in thin section and separated from a sample of pegmatitic feldspathic orthopyroxenite from the PGE-rich Merensky reef, West mine (Townlands shaft), Rustenburg section. Low U (21–105 ppm) zircon occurs with interstitial biotite and is locally in direct contact with sulfide. Rutile occurs mainly as inclusions within or overgrowths on chromite, especially in the chromitite stringers that bound the reef, and also as acicular grains with biotite. A U-Pb crystallization age of 2054.4 ± 1.3 Ma was determined from single-crystal chemical abrasion ID-TIMS U-Pb dating of zircon, and multigrain fractions of rutile yielded a U-Pb cooling age of 2055.0 ± 3.9 Ma. Integration of the Merensky reef crystallization age with existing U-Pb age determinations for intrusions that pre- and postdate emplacement and crystallization of the layered rocks of the Bushveld Complex indicate that magmatism occurred at ca. 2054 Ma and is contemporaneous with related magmatic activity across the northern Kaapvaal craton of South Africa and Botswana.