gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Cost-Driven Index Selection Tool for Microsoft SQL Server (1997)

In this paper we describe novel techniques that make it possible to build an industrial-strength tool for automating the choice of indexes in the physical design of a SQL database. The tool takes as input a workload of SQL queries, and suggests a set of suitable indexes. We ensure that the indexes chosen are effective in reducing the cost of the workload by keeping the index selection tool and the query optimizer &amp;quot;in step&amp;quot;. The number of index sets that must be evaluated to find the optimal configuration is very large. We reduce the complexity of this problem using three techniques. First, we remove a large number of spurious indexes from consideration by taking into account both query syntax and cost information. Second, we introduce optimizations that make it possible to cheaply evaluate the &amp;quot;goodness&amp;quot; of an index set. Third, we describe an iterative approach to handle the complexity arising from multicolumn indexes. The tool has been implemented on Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. We perf...
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibited bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis (2017)

The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), TLR2-silencing BMSCs (BMSC<sup>TLR2−/−</sup>), on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis and elucidate the critical role of TLR2 during the process.
Ectopic expression of an AP3-like and a PI-like genes from 'Sekkoku' orchid (Dendrobium moniliforme) causes the homeotic conversion of sepals to petals in whorl 1 and the suppression of carpel development in whorl 4 in Arabidopsis flowers (2010)

Three class-B MADS-box genes, the paleotype AP3 genes DMAP3A and DMAP3B, and the PI-like gene DMPI, were isolated from a native orchid in Japan named ‘Sekkoku’ (Dendrobium moniliforme) and ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. DMAP3A and DMPI were expressed in all four floral whorls in the orchid, whereas DMAP3B was expressed only in whorls 2, 3, and 4. The ectopic expression of 35S::DMPI caused a partial sepal-to-petal conversion in whorl 1, increased the longevity of the flowers and delayed silique maturation in the transgenic plants, compared with wild-type plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing 35S::DMAP3B/35S::DMPI exhibited a vegetative phenotype with leaf curling, a near-complete sepal-to-petal conversion in whorl 1, and the suppression of carpel development in whorl 4. Our results indicate that DMAP3B and DMPI are major class B MADS-box genes in D. moniliforme and may play an important role in the development of petals in the second floral whorl of the orchid. In addition, our results also suggest that these genes can be used for the genetic engineering of flower shape in plants.
Study of inter-individual variability of three-dimensional data table: detection of unstable variables and samples (2020)

We propose two methodologies in order to better understand the inter-individual variability of resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) brain data. The aim of the study was to quantify whether the average dendrogram is representative of the initial population and to identify its possible sources of instability. The average dendrogram is based on the Pearson correlation between resting-state networks. The first method identifies networks that can lead to unstable partitions of the average dendrogram. The second method identified homogeneous sub-samples of participants for whom their associated average dendrograms were more stable than that of the whole sample. The two suggested methods have shown significant quantifiable behavioral data results with regards to detecting an unstable network or presence of subpopulations when the noise level does not conceal the structure of the data. These two methods have been successfully applied to establish a cerebral atlas for late adulthood. The first method made it clear that there was no unstable network among the atlas networks. The second method highlighted the presence of two distinct sub-populations with different age-related brain organizations.
Using Scenario-Based Assessments to Measure Deep Learning (2018)

Deep understanding is a phrase that many people discuss and strive toward, but few people agree on its definition. Drawing inspiration from the career of Art Graesser and the learning sciences, we outline seven claims and principles that characterize various elements of depth at different degrees of specificity. Following this discussion, we explore one way to measure deep understanding and learning through a new technique, called scenario-based assessment, and highlight how it may improve construct coverage while maintaining instructional relevance.
Transition from superfluorescence to amplified spontaneous emission (1987)

The cooperative emission process in KCL;${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ has been studied as a function of the dephasing rate of the transition dipole. As the temperature of the sample is increased from 10 to 30 K, the emission evolves continuously from that characteristic of superfluorescence to that of amplified spontaneous emission. These results are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of current theories, but quantitative agreement is obtained only when current theories are modified so that the noise source that initiates the emission process is allowed to act continuously during the superfluorescent buildup.
Novel alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriophages, bacterial cell wall hydrolases, and antimicrobial peptides (2007)

Extensive research has been conducted on the development of three groups of naturally occurring antimicrobials as novel alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriophages (phages), bacterial cell wall hydrolases (BCWH), and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Phage therapies are highly efficient, highly specific, and relatively cost-effective. However, precautions have to be taken in the selection of phage candidates for therapeutic applications as some phages may encode toxins and others may, when integrated into host bacterial genome and converted to prophages in a lysogenic cycle, lead to bacterial immunity and altered virulence. BCWH are divided into three groups: lysozymes, autolysins, and virolysins. Among them, virolysins are the most promising candidates as they are highly specific and have the capability to rapidly lyse antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a generally species-specific basis. Finally, AMP are a family of natural proteins produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms or encoded by phages. AMP are of vast diversity in term of size, structure, mode of action, and specificity and have a high potential for clinical therapeutic applications.
Tensile Strain Capacity of Pipelines for Strain-Based Design (2008)

Traditional pipeline design methods presented in various codes are usually based on limit stress criteria. However, these methods may be inapposite to modern steels, especially for displacement controlled loads such as ground displacement load. The design of pipelines for plastic strain should account for both tension strain limit and compression strain limit along the axial direction of the pipe. In tension, the issues relate to the failure modes of plastic collapse or fracture. Tensile axial strain of the pipe often results in rupturing. The capacity of tensile axial strain of the pipe is affected by a large number of factors: D/t ratio, Y/T ratio, internal pressure, girth weld effect, and defect size and location. Consequently, full solutions for tensile strain limits related to above-mentioned factors do not yet exist in codes and standards. In recent years, a number of projects have been funded to develop a quantitative determination of tensile strain limits in China. This paper covers the technical basis of the procedures. The development of the quantitative approach to tensile strain limits involves both experimental tests and finite element analyses, and the process is as follows. Firstly, a series of curved wide plate tests under the axial tensile strain have been done, especially including more than 60 girth weld specimens with not only buried or surface defects but also various defect-sizes and defect-locations. Based on these test data and other available experiment data of full scale tests under the axial tensile strain and internal pressure loading, a valid finite element model has been found. Then a total of 110 finite element analyses produced a lot of data for a wide range of material, D/T ratios, various defect sizes or locations, buried or surface defects, and various internal pressures. So some parametric equations can be developed from finite element analyses. The safety factors and appropriate limits for the parametric equations have been identified against much more experimental data. It is believed that the approach to axial tensile strain limit presented in this paper may lay the initial basis for the quantitative determination of tensile strain limits to pipelines.
Realization of highly efficient hexagonal boron nitride neutron detectors (2016)

We report the achievement of highly efficient 10B enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-10BN) direct conversion neutron detectors. These detectors were realized from freestanding 4-in. diameter h-10BN wafers 43 μm in thickness obtained from epitaxy growth and subsequent mechanical separation from sapphire substrates. Both sides of the film were subjected to ohmic contact deposition to form a simple vertical “photoconductor-type” detector. Transport measurements revealed excellent vertical transport properties including high electrical resistivity (&amp;gt;1013 Ω cm) and mobility-lifetime (μτ) products. A much larger μτ product for holes compared to that of electrons along the c-axis of h-BN was observed, implying that holes (electrons) behave like majority (minority) carriers in undoped h-BN. Exposure to thermal neutrons from a californium-252 (252Cf) source moderated by a high density polyethylene moderator reveals that 43 μm h-10BN detectors possess 51.4% detection efficiency at a bias voltage of 400 V, which is the highest reported efficiency for any semiconductor-based neutron detector. The results point to the possibility of obtaining highly efficient, compact solid-state neutron detectors with high gamma rejection and low manufacturing and maintenance costs.
Genetic Control of T and B Lymphocyte Activation in Nonobese Diabetic Mice (2001)

Type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is characterized by the infiltration of T and B cells into pancreatic islets. T cells bearing the TCR Vbeta3 chain are disproportionately represented in the earliest stages of islet infiltration (insulitis) despite clonal deletion of most Vbeta3(+) immature thymocytes by the mammary tumor virus-3 (Mtv-3) superantigen (SAg). In this report we showed that a high frequency of NOD Vbeta3(+) T cells that escape deletion are activated in vivo and that this phenotype is linked to the Mtv-3 locus. One potential mechanism of SAg presentation to peripheral T cells is by activated B cells. Consistent with this idea, we found that NOD mice harbor a significantly higher frequency of activated B cells than nondiabetes-prone strains. These activated NOD B cells expressed cell surface molecules consistent with APC function. At the molecular level, the IgH repertoire of activated B cells in NOD mice was equivalent to resting B cells, suggesting a polyclonal response in vivo. Genetic analysis of the activated B cell phenotype showed linkage to Idd1, the NOD MHC haplotype (H-2(g7)). Finally, Vbeta3(+) thymocyte deletion and peripheral T cell activation did not require B cells, suggesting that other APC populations are sufficient to generate both Mtv-3-linked phenotypes. These data provide insight into the genetic regulation of NOD autoreactive lymphocyte activation that may contribute to failure of peripheral tolerance and the pathogenesis of type I diabetes.
Shakespeare in Tokyo (1978)

Journal Article Shakespeare in Tokyo Get access Toshihiko Shibata Toshihiko Shibata Tokyo University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 2, Spring 1978, Pages 289–291, https://doi.org/10.2307/2869127 Published: 01 April 1978
Microsomal antibodies in active chronic hepatitis and other disorders. (1973)

An autoantibody reacting with microsomal membranes has been characterized by a distinctive immunofluorescence pattern on proximal renal tubules and hepatocytes. The microsomal nature of the antigen was demonstrated by absorption and quantitative complement fixation studies. These results showed the antibodies to be quite distinct from the mitochondrial antibodies found in primary biliary cirrhosis. Microsomal antibodies have so far been detected in sixteen cases, of whom twelve had liver disorders. These antibodies, although rare, may provide a serological marker for a small proportion of active chronic hepatitis cases differing in several respects from other recognized subgroups in this disease.
Cellular Immunity and DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of HIV / AIDS (2004)

Data from the first phase III HIV vaccine trial does not indicate efficacy regarding the production of neutralizing antibodies and prevention of HIV infection. The induction of a potent HIV-specific cellular response through therapeutic vaccination is now thought to be a more attainable goal through HIV DNA vaccines. This review will summarize the immunologic rationale behind the development of vaccines that elicit cellular immune responses, and will then illustrate examples of DNA-based preventive and therapeutic vaccine strategies, which have recently been evaluated in pre-clinical animal studies as well as some human clinical trials; they include: (i) cytokine-augmented DNA vaccines; (ii) CpG enriched plasmid DNAs; (iii) viral vectors and prime-boost strategies; (iv) lipopeptide vaccines; (v) ex vivo dendritic cell-based, and (vii) dendritic cell-targeted vaccines. This set of data will be carefully reviewed in order to understand how this know-how has been or can be used to design meaningful “next-generation” therapeutic vaccines.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Allenes via Regioselective Lateral Metalation of Benzylic (Trimethylsilyl)alkynes Using TMPZnCl·LiCl. (2015)

Abstract Zincation of various trimethylsilyl propynes with TMPZnCl·LiCl followed by a Pd‐catalyzed coupling with aryl halides provides arylated allenes in high yields.
New Sandwich and Half-Sandwich Titanium Hydrazido Compounds (2011)

New mono- and bis-cyclopentadienyl terminal titanium hydrazido(2−) compounds were prepared by tert-butyl imide/N,N-disubstituted hydrazine exchange reactions. Reaction of Cp*Ti(NtBu)Cl(py) (1) with Ph2NNH2 gave the terminal hydrazide Cp*Ti(NNPh2)Cl(py) (4), whereas the corresponding reaction of CpTi(NtBu)Cl(py) gave the dimer Cp2Ti2(μ-η1:η1-NNPh2)(μ-η2:η1-NNPh2)Cl2. Reaction of 1 with Me2NNH2 (1 equiv) also gave a dimer, Cp*2Ti2(μ-η1:η1-NNMe2)(μ-η2:η1-NNMe2)Cl2 (8), while the reaction with 2 equiv of Me2NNH2 gave Cp*Ti(η2-NHNMe2)2Cl (7) containing two η2-bound hydrazide(1−) ligands. Formation of 7 and 8 proceeds via a common intermediate, Cp*Ti(NHtBu)(η2-NHNMe2)Cl, observed by NMR spectroscopy. Reaction of 4 with LiNHNPh2 gave the mixed hydrazide(2−)/hydrazide(1−) derivative Cp*Ti(NNPh2)(NHNPh2)(py) (10). The corresponding reaction of 1 formed Cp*Ti(NtBu)(NHNPh2)(py), which rearranged to Cp*Ti(NHtBu)(NNPh2)(py). The titanocene derivative Cp2Ti(NNPh2)(py) (14) was prepared by reaction of Cp2Ti(NtBu)(py) (13) with Ph2NNH2, whereas the corresponding reaction with Me2NNH2 gave mixtures including CpTi(NHtBu)(μ-η1:η1-NNMe2)(μ-η2:η1-NNMe2)TiCp(η1-Cp). The electronic structure of 14 was investigated by DFT and compared to that of the imido complex 13. Whereas the HOMO of the formally 20 valence electron compound 13 is a ligand-centered orbital based both on the Cp rings and on the imido N, in 14 this is the HOMO−1 and one of the Ti═Nα π-bonding MOs is the HOMO, destabilized by an Nα−Nβ antibonding interaction.
Dihydroquinidine Acetate (2005)

(R = Ac) [72989-10-7] C22H28N2O3 (MW 368.47) InChI = 1/C22H28N2O3/c1-4-15-13-24-10-8-16(15)11-21(24)22(27-14(2)25)18-7-9-23-20-6-5-17(26-3)12-19(18)20/h5-7,9,12,15-16,21-22H,4,8,10-11,13H2,1-3H3/t15-,16-,21+,22-/m0/s1 InChIKey = ZVEDOOXEZTUEBN-FRMGNDQPBF (R = p-ClC6H4C(O)) [113162-02-0] C27H29ClN2O3 (MW 464.99) InChI = 1/C27H29ClN2O3/c1-3-17-16-30-13-11-19(17)14-25(30)26(33-27(31)18-4-6-20(28)7-5-18)22-10-12-29-24-9-8-21(32-2)15-23(22)24/h4-10,12,15,17,19,25-26H,3,11,13-14,16H2,1-2H3/t17-,19-,25+,26-/m0/s1 InChIKey = TXVNNFDXQZFMBQ-PRUVNFMMBY (R = H) [1435-55-8] C20H26N2O2 (MW 326.44) InChI = 1/C20H26N2O2/c1-3-13-12-22-9-7-14(13)10-19(22)20(23)16-6-8-21-18-5-4-15(24-2)11-17(16)18/h4-6,8,11,13-14,19-20,23H,3,7,9-10,12H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,19+,20-/m0/s1 InChIKey = LJOQGZACKSYWCH-LHHVKLHABI (asymmetric dihydroxylation;2 conjugate additions;3 carbonyl additions3) Alternate Name: DHQD-Ac. Physical Data: p-ClC6H4C(O): mp 102–105 °C; [α]D −73° (c = 1, EtOH). Solubility: p-ClC6H4C(O): sol CH2Cl2, Et2O, EtOH, EtOAc. Form Supplied in: the p-chlorobenzoate is available as a white foam. Preparative Methods: the acetate is prepared from dihydroquinidine4 and the p-chlorobenzoate is commercially available. The phthalazine-derived bis(dihydroquinidine) ligand is commercially available.5 A formulation of the standard reactants for the asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD-mix-β) on the small scale has been developed and is commercially available.6 AD-mix-β (1 kg) consists of potassium osmate (0.52 g), the phthalazine-derived ligand (5.52 g), K3Fe(CN)6 (700 g), and powdered K2CO3 (294 g). Purification: the recovery of dihydroquinidine p-chlorobenzoate after a dihydroxylation reaction is accomplished in the following manner:7 the crude dihydroquinidine p-chlorobenzoate (DHQD-CLB) is dissolved in ether, cooled to 0 °C, and HCl gas is bubbled into the solution until a pH of 1–2 is obtained using wet pH paper. The pale yellow precipitate of the hydrochloride salt is collected by filtration and dried under high vacuum (0.01 mmHg). The free base is liberated by suspending the salt in EtOAc, cooling the heterogeneous mixture to 0 °C, and adding 28% NH4OH (or 15% NaOH) until a pH = 11 is obtained. After separation, the aqueous layer is extracted with portions of EtOAc, the combined organic layers are dried over Na2SO4, and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the pure DHQD-CLB as a white foam. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxic; use in a fume hood.
Performance of Multiple-Epitaxial Avalanche Diodes at X and Ku Bands (1970)

Two types of avalanche diodes are presently being used for microwave generation and amplification, the Read diodes, which have either n+-p-i-p+ or p+-n-i-n+ structure, and IMPATT and high-efficiency diodes which are simple p-n junctions usually with p+-n-n+ or n+-p-p+ structure. These devices are conventionally fabricated by diffusion techniques with the first layer epitaxially deposited on the substrate. Two other fabrication techniques which promise better device characteristics for junction devices are the ion-implantation and multiple-epitaxial techniques. This paper describes the fabrication, characteristics and performance of both Read and IMPATT diodes fabricated by the multiple-epitaxial technique.
Comparison of Radiomic Features in a Diverse Cohort of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas (2021)

This pilot study identified several textural radiomics features associated with poor overall survival among African Americans with PDAC, independent of other prognostic factors such as grade. Our findings suggest that CT radiomic features may serve as surrogates for underlying biological factors and add value in predicting clinical outcomes when integrated with other parameters in ongoing and future studies of cancer health disparities.
Effect of the WISH-type hip brace on functional mobility in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip (2011)

The direct effect of the hip brace may be related to the hip function in the turning phase of TUG. In addition, mechanical improvements due to daily exercise may provide an indirect, but essential, effect of the brace on TUG performance.
Dynamics of the upper airway microbiome in the pathogenesis of asthma-associated persistent wheeze in preschool children (2017)

ABSTRACT Repeated cycles of infection-associated lower airway inflammation drives the pathogenesis of persistent wheezing disease in children. Tracking these events across a birth cohort during their first five years, we demonstrate that &gt;80% of infectious events indeed involve viral pathogens, but are accompanied by a shift in the nasopharyngeal microbiome (NPM) towards dominance by a small range of pathogenic bacterial genera. Unexpectedly, this change in NPM frequently precedes the appearance of viral pathogens and acute symptoms. In non-sensitized children these events are associated only with “transient wheeze” that resolves after age three. In contrast, in children developing early allergic sensitization, they are associated with ensuing development of persistent wheeze, which is the hallmark of the asthma phenotype. This suggests underlying pathogenic interactions between allergic sensitization and antibacterial mechanisms.
Whether to Retest the Lipids of HIV-Infected Patients: How Much Does Fasting Bias Matter? (2011)

This paper aids in the diagnosis and treatment of lipid abnormalities by enhancing understanding of lipid values among HIV-infected patients. An elicited loss function highlights the importance of true low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In clinical settings, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides are often measured. Interpreting the resulting values can be problematic because of uncertainty due to the unknown period of fasting before the patient's blood was drawn. This results in uncertainty in the LDL cholesterol values, which are often calculated from other lipid values rather than measured directly. To model true LDL cholesterol, a four-level Bayesian hierarchical model is analyzed using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques and elicited prior distributions. In turn, this yields expected-loss-minimizing treatment decisions for individual patients.
A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimation of Several Physical Activity Monitors (2013)

The shoe-based physical activity monitor provides a valid estimate of EE, whereas the other physical activity monitors tested have a wide range of validity when estimating EE. Our results also demonstrate that estimating EE based on classification of physical activities can be more accurate and precise than estimating EE based on total physical activity.
Automated binning of microsatellite alleles: problems and solutions (2006)

Abstract As genotyping methods move ever closer to full automation, care must be taken to ensure that there is no equivalent rise in allele‐calling error rates. One clear source of error lies with how raw allele lengths are converted into allele classes, a process referred to as binning. Standard automated approaches usually assume collinearity between expected and measured fragment length. Unfortunately, such collinearity is often only approximate, with the consequence that alleles do not conform to a perfect 2‐, 3‐ or 4‐base‐pair periodicity. To account for these problems, we introduce a method that allows repeat units to be fractionally shorter or longer than their theoretical value. Tested on a large human data set, our algorithm performs well over a wide range of dinucleotide repeat loci. The size of the problem caused by sticking to whole numbers of bases is indicated by the fact that the effective repeat length was within 5% of the assumed length only 68.3% of the time.