gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multipolymer microsphere delivery of SARS-CoV-2 antigens (2022)

Effective antigen delivery facilitates antiviral vaccine success defined by effective immune protective responses against viral exposures. To improve severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen delivery, a controlled biodegradable, stable, biocompatible, and nontoxic polymeric microsphere system was developed for chemically inactivated viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 proteins encapsulated in polymeric microspheres induced robust antiviral immunity. The viral antigen-loaded microsphere system can preclude the need for repeat administrations, highlighting its potential as an effective vaccine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Successful SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed and quickly approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, each of the vaccines requires boosting as new variants arise. We posit that injectable biodegradable polymers represent a means for the sustained release of emerging viral antigens. The approach offers a means to reduce immunization frequency by predicting viral genomic variability. This strategy could lead to longer-lasting antiviral protective immunity. The current proof-of-concept multipolymer study for SARS-CoV-2 achieve these metrics.
LA DEMOCRACIA REQUIERE DE NORMAS QUE LA HAGAN VIABLE (2001)

EN SU INTERVENCION EN EL CURSO CANTERA DE LA INVESTIGACION 2001 JUSTICIA, DEMOCRACIA Y DERECHO, ORGANIZADO POR LA COORDINACION DE HUMANIDADES, CORINA DE YTURBE CALVO, DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES FILOSOFICAS, ASEGURO QUE M S QUE NINGUNA OTRA FORMA DE GOBIERNO, LA DEMOCRACIA PRETENDE ELIMINAR, O POR LO MENOS CORREGIR, LAS DESIGUALDADES; POR ELLO, DIJO, LA ANALOGIA JURIDICA Y POLITICA DE TODOS LOS CIUDADANOS SE FUNDAMENTA EN EL VALOR DE ESA DOCTRINA POLITICA. EXPLICO QUE ESTA FORMULA DE LOS GOBIERNOS DEMOCR TICOS ES LA QUE PERMITE CONJUGAR ESTABILIDAD DE CAMBIO, PAZ SOCIAL Y COMPETENCIA POLITICA. SIN EMBARGO, AGREGO, LA DEMOCRACIA PARA EXISTIR REQUIERE DE NORMAS, PROCEDIMIENTOS E INSTITUCIONES QUE LA HAGAN VIABLE, AUNQUE ESTO ES JUSTAMENTE PARTE DEL ENTRAMADO INSTITUCIONAL QUE FINALMENTE DETIENE SU FUNCIONAMIENTO Y ACABA POR DESFIGURARLA. AL ABORDAR EL TEMA DEMOCRACIA Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, LA autorA DEL LIBRO MULTICULTURALISMO Y DERECHO ASEGURO QUE LA DEMOCRACIA SOLO PUEDE FUNCIONAR A PARTIR DE CIERTAS REGLAS Y ENTRE TODAS ESTAS SE ENCONTRARIA EL RESPETO. LA GARANTIA DE ESTOS DERECHOS ES FUNDAMENTAL PARA QUE LOS CIUDADANOS PUEDAN JUGAR EL JUEGO DE LA DEMOCRACIA, CONCLUYO.
Mechanistic and Crystallographic Studies of Azoreductase AzoA from Bacillus wakoensis A01 (2020)

The azoreductase AzoA from the alkali-tolerant <i>Bacillus wakoensis</i> A01 has been studied to reveal its structural and mechanistic details. For this, a recombinant expression system was developed which yields impressive amounts of fully active enzyme. The purified holo enzyme is remarkably solvent-tolerant and thermostable with an apparent melting temperature of 71 °C. The dimeric enzyme contains FMN as a prosthetic group and is strictly NADH dependent. While AzoA shows a negligible ability to use molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, it is efficient in reducing various azo dyes and quinones. The kinetic and catalytic mechanism has been studied in detail using steady state kinetic analyses and stopped-flow studies. The data show that AzoA performs quinone and azo dye reductions via a two-electron transfer. Moreover, quinones were shown to be much better substrates (<i>k</i><sub>cat</sub> values of 100-400 s<sup>-1</sup> for several naphtoquinones) when compared with azo dyes. This suggests that the physiological role of AzoA and sequence-related microbial reductases is linked to quinone reductions and that they can better be annotated as quinone reductases. The structure of AzoA has been determined in complex with FMN at 1.8 Å resolution. AzoA displays unique features in the active site providing clues for explaining its catalytic and thermostability features. An uncommon loop, when compared with sequence-related reductases, forms an active site lid with Trp60 acting as an anchor. Several Trp60 mutants have been analyzed disclosing an important role of this residue in the stability of AzoA, while they retained activity. Structural details are discussed in relation to other azo and quinone reductases. This study provides new insights into the molecular functioning of AzoA and sequence-related reductases.
The Molecular and Crystal Structure of 3β‐O‐(2′,3′ ‐O‐isoropylidene‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl) — digitoxigenin (1986)

Abstract 3β‐O‐(2′,3′ ‐O‐isoropylidene‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl) — digitoxigenin crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 with two molecules C 32 H 48 O 8 per unit cell and the lattice constants a = 7.865, b = 6.470, c = 29.803 Å, β = 93.95°. The structure was solved by direct methods of phases determination and subsequently refined by least squares technique to the final R ‐value 0.06. The position of the lactone ring is disordered in the crystal.
Ceramide Disables 3-Phosphoinositide Binding to the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of Protein Kinase B (PKB)/Akt by a PKCζ-Dependent Mechanism (2003)

Ceramide is generated in response to numerous stress-inducing stimuli and has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular responses, including cell death, differentiation, and insulin sensitivity. Recent evidence indicates that ceramide may regulate these responses by inhibiting the stimulus-mediated activation of protein kinase B (PKB), a key determinant of cell fate and insulin action. Here we show that inhibition of this kinase involves atypical PKCzeta, which physically interacts with PKB in unstimulated cells. Insulin reduces the PKB-PKCzeta interaction and stimulates PKB. However, dissociation of the kinase complex and the attendant hormonal activation of PKB were prevented by ceramide. Under these circumstances, ceramide activated PKCzeta, leading to phosphorylation of the PKB-PH domain on Thr(34). This phosphorylation inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)) binding to PKB, thereby preventing activation of the kinase by insulin. In contrast, a PKB-PH domain with a T34A mutation retained the ability to bind PIP(3) even in the presence of a ceramide-activated PKCzeta and, as such, expression of PKB T34A mutant in L6 cells was resistant to inhibition by ceramide treatment. Inhibitors of PKCzeta and a kinase-dead PKCzeta both antagonized the inhibitory effect of ceramide on PKB. Since PKB confers a prosurvival signal and regulates numerous pathways in response to insulin, suppressing its activation by a PKCzeta-dependent process may be one mechanism by which ceramide promotes cell death and induces insulin resistance.
Predicting the Potential for Invasive Species Establishment by Using Environmental Tolerance Data (2010)

Technical Note
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ayurvedic medicine use among allopathic resident doctors: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in India (2013)

This study reveals that allopathic resident doctors had little knowledge about Ayurveda and Ayurvedic medicine use but engaged in prescription of Ayurvedic medicines. So some interventions should be taken to increase the knowledge and awareness of allopathic resident doctors about Ayurvedic medicine use.
Perilipin is located on the surface layer of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes. (1995)

Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intracellular location of perilipins in adipocytes and the occurrence of these proteins in tissues involved in triacylglycerol metabolism. Confocal microscopy and 3-dimensional analysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that perilipin immunofluorescence, present on the surfaces of all sized lipid droplets, appeared unevenly dispersed on the surfaces of many large lipid droplets. Electron microscopy revealed that immunogold staining for perilipin was located directly on the surface layer apposed to and surrounding the core triacylglycerol of intracellular lipid droplets of adipocytes in culture or from white and brown adipose tissue. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy indicated that the hydrophobic face of this surface monolayer contained particles identical in size and distribution to intramembranous particles (IMPs), which are unique structural features of the hydrophobic faces of bilayered membranes. Also, freeze-fracture replicas revealed areas of continuity between the surface layer of lipid droplets and the membrane leaflets of endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that the droplet monolayer surface is an area of endoplasmic reticulum membrane leaflet modified by its unique content of perilipin. Microperoxisomes, identified by immunostaining for catalase, were found closely associated with lipid droplets, but external to and not in contact with the lipid droplet surface layer. Vimentin, identified by immunofluorescence, was present around the periphery of most lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells during early stages of adipocyte development but, in contrast to perilipins, vimentin was not around the periphery of many large lipid droplets in mature cells. Although perilipin was at the surface of lipid droplets in adipocytes of lactating mammary gland, none was found to be associated with the milk lipid droplets in alveolar epithelial cells, nor was the protein found on the surfaces of lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Studies in mammary gland show that perilipin immunostaining will be a valuable tool for the identification of tissue adipocytes severely depleted of their triacylglycerol stores and thus without their characteristic spherical shape. Perilipin's singular location on the surface monolayer of intracellular lipid droplets supports an intimate role for the protein in the triacylglycerol metabolic functions of adipocytes.
Problèmes combinatoires dans les réseaux sans-fil: conception et performances (2007)

National audience
FeatherNets: Convolutional Neural Networks as Light as Feather for Face Anti-spoofing (2019)

Face Anti-spoofing gains increased attentions recently in both academic and industrial fields. With the emergence of various CNN based solutions, the multi-modal(RGB, depth and IR) methods based CNN showed better performance than single modal classifiers. However, there is a need for improving the performance and reducing the complexity. Therefore, an extreme light network architecture(FeatherNet A/B) is proposed with a streaming module which fixes the weakness of Global Average Pooling and uses less parameters. Our single FeatherNet trained by depth image only, provides a higher baseline with 0.00168 ACER, 0.35M parameters and 83M FLOPS. Furthermore, a novel fusion procedure with ``ensemble + cascade'' structure is presented to satisfy the performance preferred use cases. Meanwhile, the MMFD dataset is collected to provide more attacks and diversity to gain better generalization. We use the fusion method in the Face Anti-spoofing Attack Detection Challenge@CVPR2019 and got the result of 0.0013(ACER), 0.999(TPR@FPR=10e-2), 0.998(TPR@FPR=10e-3) and 0.9814(TPR@FPR=10e-4).
Fixed Quality Layered Audio Based on Scalable Lossless Coding (2009)

The paper addresses a bitstream scalable coder based on the MPEG-4 scalable lossless (SLS) coding system where, in contrast to SLS, the bitrate of the enhancement layer is not fixed but instead an attempt is made to create a quality-fixed enhancement layer. With a PCM audio input, the proposed structure is able to produce an audio version with near-transparent quality on top of the existing low-quality version. In particular, the proposed fixed quality enhancing process with checking procedures is able to provide the minimum amount of enhancement for the low-quality version to obtain a near-transparent quality that is almost indistinguishable from the CD quality. In addition, a bitrate estimation model is proposed. The model enables the direct estimation of the enhancing bitrate from two parameters extracted from the encoding process of the low-quality version. Evaluation results indicate that a better defined quality level is guaranteed compared to a fixed bitrate setting and that in the mean a lower (approximately 20%) bitrate is attained. It is also shown that the estimation model proposed is able to accurately predict the necessary enhancing bitrate and at the same time, reduce the complexity by around 17%.
Human bone marrow adipocytes support complete myeloid and lymphoid differentiation from human CD34+ cells (2004)

In humans, the role of bone marrow (BM) adipocytes in supporting haematopoiesis has been questioned. A co-culture system of CD34(+) cells seeded onto either BM undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells or differentiated adipocytes showed that BM adipocytes did not support the maintenance of immature progenitors but enabled their complete differentiation along the myeloid and lymphoid pathways. These properties appear to be opposite to those of osteoblasts, although both cell types share a common mesenchymal progenitor. These results suggest that stromal cells play a variety of roles in the haematopoietic microenvironment, which could be significant in situations such as osteoporosis or ageing.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Piperazine-2,6-dione and Its Use in the Synthesis of Dexrazoxane Analogues (2016)

An efficient, large-scale synthesis of piperazine-2,6-dione was developed. The advantages of this procedure include the use of inexpensive starting materials, satisfactory yields, and a convenient workup without the need for chromatographic techniques. Furthermore, this procedure can be easily modified for the preparation of 1-substituted piperazine-2,6-dione hydrobromides. The utility of the prepared piperazine-2,6-dione was demonstrated in the synthesis of a novel analogue of the only drug used in clinical practice to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, dexrazoxane.
Apoptosis Induction by Wheat-flour Sphingoid Bases in DLD-1 Human Colon Cancer Cells (2002)

The apoptotic effects of plant sphingoid bases prepared from wheat-flour cerebroside on human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells were examined. The viability of DLD-1 cells treated with such plant sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. Morphological changes such as condensed chromatin fragments were found, so those sphingoid bases reduced cell viability through causing apoptosis in these cells.
Melittin-Like Peptides from the Shark-Repelling Defense Secretion of the Sole Pardachirus pavoninus (1986)

Three ichthyotoxic peptides, pardaxins P-I to P-3, have been isolated from the defense secretion of the sole Pardachirus pavoninus. Pavoninins, the steroid glycosides with shark-repelling ability, had previously been isolated therefrom. Each pardaxin consists of 33 amino acid residues having a distinctly hydrophilic carboxyl terminal region and a predominantly hydrophobic remainder; the pardaxin is thus strongly surfactant. These peptides show marked physical and pharmacological similarities to melittin, the major active constituent of bee venom, yet they lack sequence homology. They are probably also responsible for the predator-repelling property of the sole.
Golgi Localization and in Vivo Activity of a Mammalian Glycosyltransferase (Human β1,4-Galactosyltransferase) in Yeast (1996)

Gene fusions encoding the membrane anchor region of yeast alpha1, 2-mannosyltransferase (Mnt1p) fused to human beta1, 4-galactosyltransferase (Gal-Tf) were constructed and expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fusion proteins containing 82 or only 36 N-terminal residues of Mnt1p were produced and quantitatively N-glycosylated; glycosyl chains were shown to contain alpha1,6-, but not alpha1,3-mannose determinants, a structure typical for an early Golgi compartment. A final Golgi localization of both fusions was confirmed by sucrose gradient fractionations, in which Gal-Tf activity cofractionated with Golgi Mnt1p activity, as well as by immunocytological localization experiments using a monoclonal anti-Gal-Tf antibody. In an in vitro Gal-Tf enzymatic assay the Mnt1/Gal-Tf fusion and soluble human Gal-Tf had comparable Km values for UDP-Gal (about 45 microM). To demonstrate in vivo activity of the Mnt1/Gal-Tf fusion the encoding plasmids were transformed in an alg1 mutant, which at the non-permissive temperature transfers short (GlcNAc)2 glycosyl chains to proteins. Using specific lectins the addition of galactose to several yeast proteins in transformants could be detected. These results demonstrate that Gal-Tf, a mammalian glycosyltransferase, is functional in the molecular environment of the yeast Golgi, indicating conservation between yeast and human cells. The in vivo function of human Gal-Tf indicates that the yeast Golgi is accessible for UDP-Gal and suggests strategies for the construction of yeast strains, in which desired glycoforms of heterologous proteins are produced.
Multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and screening for non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (2017)

A multiplex real-time PCR assay that can rapidly and simultaneously detect E. coli O157:H7 and screen for non-O157 STEC strains has been developed and assessed for efficacy. The inclusivity and exclusivity tests demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex real-time PCR assay. In addition, this multiplex assay was shown to be effective for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 from two common food matrices, beef and spinach, and may be applied for detection of E. coli O157:H7 and screening for non-O157 STEC strains from other food matrices as well.
Time-dependent Characteristics of Electric Field-induced Metal–Insulator Transition of Planer VO2/c-Al2O3 Structure (2007)

The electric field-induced metal–insulator transition (MIT) of VO2 films on c-Al2O3(001) substrates was investigated in planer devices with strip line-patterned VO2 and two terminal electrodes. In a device with an electrode gap of 10 µm and an electrode length of 10 µm, we observed a transition from the initial high resistance state (HRS) to the low resistance state (LRS) in which the resistance of LRS was time-independent but current-dependent during electric pulse addition. Another planer device with different electrode dimensions supported the time-independent behavior of the LRS even for a high current. Present results strongly suggested that the electric field-induced MIT of a VO2 film can realize a stable resistive switching based on the Mott transition eliminating the Joule heating effect.
Contextuality bounds the efficiency of classical simulation of quantum processes (2018)

Contextuality has been conjectured to be a super-classical resource for quantum computation, analogous to the role of non-locality as a super-classical resource for communication. We show that the presence of contextuality places a lower bound on the amount of classical memory required to simulate any quantum sub-theory, thereby establishing a quantitative connection between contextuality and classical simulability. We apply our result to the qubit stabilizer sub-theory, where the presence of state-independent contextuality has been an obstacle in establishing contextuality as a quantum computational resource. We find that the presence of contextuality in this sub-theory demands that the minimum number of classical bits of memory required to simulate a multi-qubit system must scale quadratically in the number of qubits; notably, this is the same scaling as the Gottesman-Knill algorithm. We contrast this result with the (non-contextual) qudit case, where linear scaling is possible.
Polarization-induced valence-band alignments at cation- and anion-polar InN∕GaN heterojunctions (2007)

The authors show that the existence of polarization discontinuities at polar III-nitride heterointerfaces can lead to large core-level shifts of photoelectrons and modification of apparent valence-band offsets. In this letter, large Ga core-level shifts, resulting from the interface dipole fields, have been directly measured by photoelectron spectroscopy on In∕Ga-polar (0001)- and N-polar (0001¯)-oriented InN∕GaN heterojunctions with monolayer abrupt, nearly fully relaxed lattices. Combined with the photoelectron spectroscopic measurements of InN and GaN bulk epilayers, the determined valence-band offsets are 1.04 and 0.54eV for In∕Ga- and N-polar heterojunctions, respectively.
Switch in Chemokine Receptor Phenotype on Memory T Cells without a Change in the Cytokine Phenotype (2001)

Th1 and Th2 cells as defined by their cytokine profile are associated with the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR3, respectively. In committed human memory Th1 cells the cytokine profile is irreversibly expressed. However, it is not known if the chemokine receptor phenotypes of Th1 and Th2 cells are permanently associated to the cytokine profile or if it can be changed. To analyze the possibility of inducing a switch in chemokine receptor phenotype on memory Th cells we used differentiated memory Th cells isolated from synovial tissue (ST) samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Freshly isolated T cells, T-cell lines and T-cell clones from these tissues were manipulated with Th1 (interleukin (IL)-12 + anti IL-4) or Th2 (IL-4 + anti IL-12) inducing conditions. The surface expression of CCR5 and CCR3 was analyzed by flowcytometry and interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-4 production by ELISA. A Th1-inducing cytokine environment increased the expression of CCR5 in Th1 cells and induced the expression of CCR5 in Th2 cells as compared to culture condition with only IL-2. Induction of CCR5 expression on Th2 clones was associated with secretion of some IFN-gamma. Moreover, the Th2-associated chemokine receptor CCR3 could be expressed on both Th1-dominant cell lines, and clones of Th1 and Th0 type after culture conditions with IL-4. This expression of CCR3 was associated with a reduced IFN-gamma production, but no IL-4 production could be induced. The IL-4-treated Th1 clones had a reduced migratory capacity against chemokines produced by ST cells compared to nonmanipulated T-cell clones. In contrast, the same IL-12-treated Th1 clones showed an increased migratory potential. Induction of the Th2-associated marker CCR3 on memory Th1 cells demonstrates that a change in chemokine receptor phenotype related to the Th2 type can be induced on terminally differentiated Th1 cells, without a change in the cytokine profile.
LaRC-developed catalysts for CO2 lasers (1990)

Pulsed CO2 lasers have many remote sensing applications from space, airborne, and ground platforms. The NASA Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) system will be designed to measure wind velocities from polar earth orbit for a period of up to three years. Accordingly, this and other applications require a closed-cycle pulsed CO2 laser which necessitates the use of an efficient CO-O2 recombination catalyst for these dissociation products which otherwise would degrade the laser operation. The required catalyst must not only operate at low temperatures but also must operate efficiently for long time periods. The research effort at NASA LaRC has centered around development and testing of CO oxidation catalysts for closed-cycle, pulsed, common and rare-isotope CO2 lasers. Researchers examined available commercial catalysts both in a laser and under simulated closed-cycle laser conditions with efforts aimed toward a thorough understanding of the fundamental catalytic reaction. These data were used to design and synthesize new catalyst compositions to better meet the catalyst requirements for closed-cycle pulsed CO2 lasers. Syntheses and test results for catalysts developed at Langley Research Center which have significantly better long-term decay characteristics than previously available catalysts and at the same time operate quite well under lower temperature conditions are discussed.