gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAX BRÖDEL (1870-1941) AND MEDICAL ILLUSTRATION IN UROLOGY (2000)

Brödel changed the appearance of medical illustration at the beginning of the 20th century and improved its role in medical literature. Max Brödel should be referred to as the man who put art into medicine.
Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Polymeric In-chain Biguanide Biocide with Phospholipid Membranes as Probed by 8-Anilinonaphthalene-l-sulfonate (1985)

Abstract Interaction of a highly effective polymeric biocide poly(hexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride)(PHMB) with phospholipid model membranes was investigated spectroscopically by using 8-anilinonaphthalene-l-sulfonate (ANS) as a fluorescent probe. PHMB enhanced the fluorescence intensity and shifted the maximum wavelength of fluorescence of ANS embedded in the negatively-charged liposome composed of egg PC and dicetyl phosphate, while it had only small effect on the neutral liposome composed of egg PC alone. These results were interpreted in terms of preferred binding of PHMB to negatively-charged species. The Benesi-Hildebrand type plots revealed that PHMB was adsorbed to a greater extent onto the negatively-charged membrane than onto the neutral membrane: the dissociation constants for the liposome–ANS complexes derived from the plots gave quantitative evidence for the enhanced binding of PHMB to the negatively-charged membrane. Diaminohexyl biguanide (DAHB), a corresponding monomer to PHMB, was found to have no significant effect on either the neutral nor the negatively-charged liposome, a finding probably related to the fact that DAHB is practically inactive.
The analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. (1990)

The analysis of eight quaternary ammonium compounds (distigmine bromide, bethanechol chloride, pancuronium bromide, methylbenactyzium bromide, propantheline bromide, suxamethonium chloride, neostigmine methylsulphate and benzethonium chloride) in the urine was investigated by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system combined with curie-point pyrolyzer and thin-layer chromatography purification technique. These compounds were identified by mass chromatography of the characteristic pyrolized fragment products of each compound. The detection limits of these compounds were 0.01-10 μg in each compound. Simple and rapid extraction method of quaternary ammonium compounds by using ODS-cartridge was also examined. The present method appeared to be efficient, rapid, and simple method as a screening for quaternary ammonium compounds in the urine. It was clarified that this method enabled the accurate identification and quantification of these compounds.
Contamination Rates of Blood Cultures Obtained by Dedicated Phlebotomy vs Intravenous Catheter (2003)

Blood culture contamination rates were lower when specimens were drawn from a separate site compared with when they were drawn through a newly inserted intravenous catheter.
Kn-Ba: a novel serine protease isolated from Bitis arietans snake venom with fibrinogenolytic and kinin-releasing activities (2018)

The in vitro activities of Kn-Ba can be correlated with the capacity of the venom to provoke bleeding and clotting disorders as well as hypotension, which are common symptoms presented by envenomed victims. Obtaining satisfactory Kn-Ba inhibition through the experimental antivenom is important, given the WHO's recommendation of immunotherapy in cases of human accidents with venomous snakes.
Partitioned Fixed-Priority Real-Time Scheduling Based on Dependent Task-Split on Multicore Platform (2013)

Most real-time multicore scheduling algorithms ignore intra-task relationships, which cannot meet all deadlines by placing severe restrictions upon sequential programming models. Moreover, no partitioned algorithms can have a utilization bound over 50%. In this paper, a partitioned fixed-priority real-time scheduling based on dependent tasks-split on homogeneous multi-core platform is proposed, namely BDTD/TS (B-tree Dependent Task Dispatching/Task Splitting). BDTD converts dependent tasks into a series of sequential jobs and obtains the interrelated subtasks path as well as synthetic deadlines through the B-tree task model. Then in BDTS, dependent task in idle-wait state is qualified to split and all blocked sub-tasks would preempt CPU immediately to guarantee deadlines. With regard to utilization bound analysis, the new algorithm is proved to offer superior performance guarantee 69.31%. The simulations and experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm provides high practicability and efficiency.
Bioengineering of bacterial pathogens for noninvasive imaging and in vivo evaluation of therapeutics (2018)

Critical bacterial pathogens of public health and biodefense concerns were engineered to constitutively express Escherichia coli enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) that allows for noninvasive nuclear imaging via phosphorylation and entrapment of radiolabeled nucleoside analog 1-(2'deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU). Expression of functional TK was established using a nucleoside analog Zidovudine that impeded the growth of tk-engineered bacteria. Significantly, no observable growth differences were detected for FIAU. High resolution mass spectrometry with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its tk variant (PAO1TK) confirmed FIAU phosphorylation and retention only in PAO1TK. In vitro gamma counting with wild-type PAO1, Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia pseudomallei Bp82 and their tk derivatives with [<sup>18</sup>F]FIAU further confirmed that tk variants selectively incorporated the radiotracer, albeit with varying efficiencies. In vitro [<sup>18</sup>F]FIAU labeling coupled with in vivo Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging of PAO1 and PAO1TK confirmed that only PAO1TK can be imaged in mice at sensitivities ≥10<sup>7</sup> bacteria per infection site. This was further verified by administering [<sup>18</sup>F]FIAU to animals infected with PAO1 and PAO1TK. Utility of tk-engineered P. aeruginosa in noninvasive PET/CT imaging for bacterial therapeutic evaluation in animals was demonstrated employing antibiotic ciprofloxacin, underscoring the immediate use of PAO1TK and potentially other engineered pathogens for evaluating experimental therapeutics.
In vivo AND in vitro EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXIN ON PROSTAGLANDIN RELEASE FROM RAT LUNG (1981)

1 The release of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) from rat lung exposed to E. coli endotoxin, in vivo or in vitro has been studied. 2 Lung strips of endotoxin-treated rats demonstrated a preferential increase of TxA2 and PGF2 alpha and a decrease in the ratio PGI2/TxA2. 3 These data suggest that changes in the proportions of arachidonic acid metabolites might play a role in the pulmonary pathophysiology during endotoxin shock. 4 Incubation of lung strips with endotoxin in vitro failed to stimulate prostaglandin release; paradoxically, it suppressed both the spontaneous and the ionophore-induced prostaglandin release. 5 These findings suggest that the increase in prostaglandin release by the lung following endotoxin administration in vivo is probably mediated by factor(s) generated in endotoxaemia and is not due to a direct action of endotoxin on the lung tissue.
LC Aligning Capabilities of a Nematic Liquid Crystal on Homeotropic Polyimide Surface by New Ion-beam Irradiation (2007)

The liquid crystal(LC) aligning capabilities of a nematic liquid crystal(NLC) on a homeotropic polyimide(PI) surface using a new ion-beam method were studied. Exposure ion-beam of <TEX>$45^{\circ}$</TEX> incidence angle shows a good LC alignment of the NLC on the homeotropic PI surface. Also, on the homeotropic PI surface, the tilt angle of the NLC by exposure ion-beam of <TEX>$45^{\circ}$</TEX> incidence angle had a tendency to decrease as increased ion-beam energy density. And, on the homeotropic PI surface, the alignment character of the NLC with respect to ion-beam energy was good at 1500 eV. And we achieved satisfactory result for EO character.
Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Polypyridine Indole Complexes—Synthesis, Photophysics, Electrochemistry, Protein-Binding Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake (2008)

A series of luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine indole complexes, [Ir(N--C)(2)(N--N)](PF(6)) (HN--C = 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy), N--N = 4-((2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)aminocarbonyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy-ind) (1a), N--N = 4-((5-((2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)aminocarbonyl)pentyl)aminocarbonyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy-C6-ind) (1b); HN--C = 7,8-benzoquinoline (Hbzq), N--N = bpy-ind (2a), N--N = bpy-C6-ind (2b); and HN--C = 2-phenylquinoline (Hpq), N--N = bpy-ind (3a), N--N = bpy-C6-ind (3b)), have been synthesized, characterized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties and lipophilicity investigated. Photoexcitation of the complexes in fluid solutions at 298 K and in alcohol glass at 77 K resulted in intense and long-lived luminescence (lambda(em) = 540-616 nm, tau(o) = 0.13-5.15 mus). The emission of the complexes has been assigned to a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) (dpi(Ir) --> pi*(N--N)) excited state, probably with some mixing of triplet intraligand ((3)IL) (pi --> pi*) (pq) character for complexes 3a,b. Electrochemical measurements revealed that all the complexes showed an irreversible indole oxidation wave at ca. +1.1 V versus SCE, a quasi-reversible iridium(IV/III) couple at ca. +1.3 V, and a reversible diimine reduction couple at ca. -1.3 V. The interactions of these complexes with an indole-binding protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been studied by emission titrations, and the K(a) values are on the order of 10(4) M(-1). Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the complexes toward human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells has been examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC(50) values of the complexes ranged from 1.1 to 6.3 microM, which are significantly smaller than that of cisplatin (30.7 microM) under the same experimental conditions. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the complexes has been investigated by flow cytometry and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The microscopy images indicated that complex 3a was localized in the perinuclear region upon interiorization. Temperature-dependence experiments suggested that the internalization of the complex was an energy-requiring process such as endocytosis. This has been confirmed by cellular-uptake experiments involving the luminescent conjugates Ir-BSA and Ir-TF (TF = holo-transferrin), which were prepared by conjugation of the proteins with the complex [Ir(pq)(2)(phen-NCS)](PF(6)) (phen-NCS = 5-isothiocyanato-1,10-phenanthroline).
Synthesis of Gold Phosphido Complexes Derived from Bis(secondary) Phosphines. Structure of Tetrameric [Au(MesP(CH2)3PMes)Au]4 (2010)

Treatment of 2 equiv of Au(THT)Cl (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) with the bis(secondary) phosphines HP(R) approximately PH(R) (linker approximately = (CH(2))(3), R = Mes = 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2) (1), R = Is = 2,4,6-(i-Pr)(3)C(6)H(2) (2), R = Ph (4); approximately = (CH(2))(2), R = Is (3); HP(R) approximately PH(R) = 1,1'-(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)PHPh)(2)Fe (5)), gave the dinuclear complexes (AuCl)(2)(mu-HP(R) approximately PH(R)) (6-10). Dehydrohalogenation with aqueous ammonia gave the phosphido complexes [(Au)(2)(mu-P(R) approximately P(R))](n) (11-15). Ferrocenyl- and phenylphosphido derivatives 15 and 14 were insoluble; the latter was characterized by solid-state (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Isitylphosphido complexes 12 and 13 gave rise to broad, ill-defined NMR spectra. However, mesitylphosphido complex 11 was formed as a single product, which was characterized by multinuclear solution NMR spectroscopy, solid-state (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Mass spectrometry suggested that this material contained eight gold atoms (n = 4). A structure proposed on the basis of the (1)H NMR spectra, containing a distorted cube of phosphorus atoms, was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic structure determination. NMR spectroscopy, including measurement of the hydrodynamic radius of 11 by (1)H NMR DOSY, suggested that this structure was maintained in solution. Density functional theory (DFT) structural calculations on 11 were also in good agreement with the solid-state structure.
Identification and Characterization of a Low Phytic Acid Wheat (2004)

In Crop Science 44(2):418–424, one of the bars of Fig. 2 is incorrect. The corrected Fig. 2 with its caption is printed below. Distribution of genotypes assigned to F2 plants from the cross Js-12-LPA/IDO563. F2 plants were classified into five categories: (1) Homozygous wild type if no progeny (F2:3) kernels were HIP and all F2:3 kernels with intermediate Pi concentrations had Pi concentrations below the mid-parent mean; (2) Heterozygous if at least one F2:3 kernel was HIP and at least one F2:3 kernel was wild type; (3) Heterozygous if HIP kernels were observed, no wild type F2:3 kernels were observed, and kernels of intermediate Pi concentration had concentrations below the mid-parent mean; (4) Homozygous for the low phytic acid trait if no F2:3 kernels were wild type and all F2:3 kernels with intermediate Pi concentrations had Pi concentrations above the mid-parent mean; (5) Homozygous for the low phytic acid trait if all F2:3 kernels were HIP.
Reactivity and Catalytic Activity of Homobimetallic Vanadium(V) Complex Derived from Bis(5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone Ligand (2019)

Homobimetallic vanadium(V) complex of the composition [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 + ] 2 [(VO 2 ) 2 (sloxCl)].4H 2 O was synthesized from the reaction of V 2 O 5 with bis(5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone ligand in a 1:1 molar ratio in methanol. The structure of the complex was established by X‐ray crystallography. Reactivity of the complex with H 2 O 2 leads to bis (monooxidoperoxidovanadate(V)) [{VO(O 2 )} 2 (sloxCl)] 2− formation and with HCl, oxidohydroxido complex of composition [(VO (OH)(sloxCl)] 2− was formed. Binding interaction of the complex was also investigated toward protein (BSA) and it was found to be 2.21 x 10 8 M −1 . The catalytic activity of the complex in the oxidation of alcohols and oxidative bromination of some organic substrates was also studied, and it showed a great potent as a catalyst.
Radiative model of post-breakdown laser-induced plasma expanding into ambient gas (2006)

The dynamics of the radiative plasma expansion into an ambient gas is considered. The model describes the evolution of the plasma emission spectrum and the dynamics of the resulting shock wave. The time frame for the applicability of the model is in the tens of nanoseconds after the laser pulse is terminated, until a few microseconds later when the plasma ceases to emit. It is assumed that local thermodynamic equilibrium is established and that the plume expands with spherical symmetry. The model outputs are spatial and temporal distributions of atoms, ions, and electron number densities, evolution of atom and ion line profiles, and the shock wave. The model should be applicable to spectroscopic analysis of the initial plasma state and plasma dynamics.
Resilience of Locally Routed Network Flows: More Capacity is Not Always\n Better (2016)

In this paper, we are concerned with the resilience of locally routed network\nflows with finite link capacities. In this setting, an external inflow is\ninjected to the so-called origin nodes. The total inflow arriving at each node\nis routed locally such that none of the outgoing links are overloaded unless\nthe node receives an inflow greater than its total outgoing capacity. A link\nirreversibly fails if it is overloaded or if there is no operational link in\nits immediate downstream to carry its flow. For such systems, resilience is\ndefined as the minimum amount of reduction in the link capacities that would\nresult in the failure of all the outgoing links of an origin node. We show that\nsuch networks do not necessarily become more resilient as additional capacity\nis built in the network. Moreover, when the external inflow does not exceed the\nnetwork capacity, selective reductions of capacity at certain links can\nactually help averting the cascading failures, without requiring any change in\nthe local routing policies. This is an attractive feature as it is often easier\nin practice to reduce the available capacity of some critical links than to add\nphysical capacity or to alter routing policies, e.g., when such policies are\ndetermined by social behavior, as in the case of road traffic networks. The\nresults can thus be used for real-time monitoring of distance-to-failure in\nsuch networks and devising a feasible course of actions to avert systemic\nfailures.\n
Prediction of Performance of Two-Phase Flow Nozzle and Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic (LMMHD) Generator for No Slip Condition (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two-phase LMMHD energy conversion systems have potentially significant advantages over conventional systems such as higher thermal efficiency and substantial simplicity with lower capital and maintenance costs. Maintenance of low velocity slip is of importance for achieving high generator efficiency. A bubbly flow pattern ensures very low velocity slip. The full governing equations have been written out, and a computer prediction code has been developed to analyze performance of a two-phase flow LMMHD generator and nozzle under conditions of no slip. Three different shapes of a LMMHD generator have been investigated. Electrical power outputs are in the 20 kW range. Generator efficiency exceeds 71 percent at an average void fraction of about 70 percent. This is an appreciable performance for a short generator without insulating vanes for minimizing electrical losses in the end regions.&lt;/div&gt;
Micromachined CMOS thermoelectric generators as on-chip power supply (2004)

As the power consumption of a large number of microelectronic devices has been continuously reduced in recent years, power supply units of a few microwatts have become sufficient for their operation. Our improved micro-scale thermoelectric generator (/spl mu/-TEG) is based on polysilicon surface micromachining and is designed to convert waste heat into electrical power. Since this device is compatible with standard CMOS fabrication processes, it can be easily integrated on chip level and matches the needs for low-cost and small-size systems. As thermoelectric materials, both, pure poly-Si and poly-Si/sub 70%/Ge/sub 30%/ have been investigated. Emphasis was placed on a thermally optimized design and the reduction of the total electrical resistance of the generator. As a result of these improvements, a voltage of 5 V and an electrical power output of 1 /spl mu/W for a matched consumer is achieved with generators of 1 cm/sup 2/ in size at a temperature drop of about 5 K.
A High‐Throughput Screening Method to Identify Compounds Displaying Human Vascular Embryonic Toxicity (2019)

This article describes a screening platform to identify compounds that affect human embryonic vascular development. The procedure comprises the generation of human embryonic-like endothelial cells (ECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and subsequent maturation under arterial flow conditions; the use of these cells for the high-throughput screening of small molecules that specifically inhibit the survival of embryonic-like ECs; the confirmation of the hits in embryonic-like ECs cultured under flow shear stress; and final validation in mouse embryonic ECs. The embryonic-like ECs express embryonic genes including DLL1, EPHB2, LYN, TEK, ID1, NRP2, CAST, FLT1, IGF1, DKK3, NIN, LEF1, and SORBS3. The entire screening procedure (without the validation step) can be completed within 1 month. This platform is an alternative/complement to standard animal protocols for assessing the effects of chemicals on embryonic vascular development. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relationship of oxygen content to PO2 for stabilized bubbles in the circulation: theory (1996)

Stabilized bubbles can pass through capillary beds, recirculate for a few minutes or hours, and carry O2 from the lungs to the tissues. Here, we develop the theory for the O2 content-PO2 relationship of bubbles and the alterations of the bubbles that are coupled to the O2 transport. We provide examples for bubbles stabilized by a slowly permeating gas; bubbles stabilized by mechanical structures may behave similarly. Because there are two mechanisms for O2 unloading (lowering of PO2 and shrinkage), the bubbles release a large fraction of their O2 content at high PO2; when pure O2 is breathed, one-half of the content of a 3-microns-radius bubble is released before PO2 falls to 500 Torr. The possibility that stabilized bubbles could become a clinical tool for therapeutic transport of O2 raises many issues to be investigated. The highunloading PO2 offers opportunities for delivering O2 by diffusion to poorly perfused regions of the tissue but also presents a hazard of O2 toxicity to perfused tissue.
When the finding of glomerular fibrils in patients with nephrotic syndrome leads to an erroneous diagnosis (2008)

The finding of fibrils in the examination of renal biopsies by electron microscopy represents a very important clue for establishing a precise diagnosis This assertion is particularly important in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) or severe proteinuria, because most renal diseases characterized by the glomerular deposition of fibrils have proteinuria, generally in the nephrotic range, as the commonest clinical presentation. In this context, nephrologists and pathologists tend to automatically establish a causative link between the finding of fibrils in a particular patient with proteinuria and the aetiology of his/her renal disease. Nevertheless, some isolated studies have suggested that glomerular fibril deposition may be a nonspecific finding of unknown significance in some cases. Here we report on two cases that illustrate well how the finding of fibrils on electron microscopy can induce an erroneous diagnosis that only the final outcome of the patients (spontaneous resolution of the NS) helped to elucidate.
A two‐compartment bioreactor system made of commercial parts for bioprocess scale‐down studies: Impact of oscillations on Bacillus subtilis fed‐batch cultivations (2011)

This study describes an advanced version of a two-compartment scale-down bioreactor that simulates inhomogeneities present in large-scale industrial bioreactors on the laboratory scale. The system is made of commercially available parts and is suitable for sterilization with steam. The scale-down bioreactor consists of a usual stirred tank bioreactor (STR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR) equipped with static mixer modules. The PFR module with a working volume of 1.2 L is equipped with five sample ports, and pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors. The concept was applied using the non-sporulating Bacillus subtilis mutant strain AS3, characterized by a SpoIIGA gene knockout. In a fed-batch process with a constant feed rate, it is found that oscillating substrate and DO concentration led to diminished glucose uptake, ethanol formation and an altered amino acid synthesis. Sampling at the PFR module allowed the detection of dynamics at different concentrations of intermediates, such as pyruvic acid, lactic acid and amino acids. Results indicate that the carbon flux at excess glucose and low DO concentrations is shifted towards ethanol formation. As a result, the reduced carbon flux entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle is not sufficient to support amino acid synthesis following the oxaloacetic acid branch point.