gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin–Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing of Compact Naphthalenediimide-Carbazole Electron-Donor–Acceptor Triads (2021)

Compact electron donor-acceptor triads based on carbazole (Cz) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). By variation of the molecular conformation and electron-donating ability of the carbazole moieties, the electronic coupling between the two units was tuned, and as a result charge-transfer (CT) absorption bands with different magnitudes were observed (ε = 4000-18 000 M<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>). Interestingly, the triads with NDI attached at the 3-C position or with a phenyl spacer at the <i>N</i> position of the Cz moiety, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was observed. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy indicated fast electron transfer (0.8-1.5 ps) from the Cz to NDI unit, followed by population of the triplet state (150-600 ps). Long-lived triplet states (up to τ<sub>T</sub> = 45-50 μs) were observed for the triads. The solvent-polarity-dependent singlet-oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) is 0-26%. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectral study of TADF molecules indicated the presence of the <sup>3</sup>CT state for <b>NDI-Cz-Ph</b> (zero-field-splitting parameter <i>D</i> = 21 G) and an <sup>3</sup>LE state for <b>NDI-Ph-Cz</b> (<i>D</i> = 586 G). The triads were used as triplet photosensitizers in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion by excitation into the CT absorption band; the upconversion quantum yield was Φ<sub>UC</sub> = 8.2%, and there was a large anti-Stokes shift of 0.55 eV. Spatially confined photoexcitation is achieved with the upconversion using focusing laser beam excitation, and not the normally used collimated laser beam, i.e., the upconversion was only observed at the focal point of the laser beam. Photo-driven intermolecular electron transfer was demonstrated with reversible formation of the NDI<sup>-•</sup> radical anion in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor triethanolamine.
An overview of the Bluetooth wireless technology (2001)

The Bluetooth <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> wireless technology is designed as a short-range connectivity solution for personal, portable, and handheld electronic devices. Since May 1998 the Bluetooth SIG has steered the development of the technology through the development of an open industry specification, including both protocols and application scenarios, and a qualification program designed to assure end-user value for Bluetooth products. This article highlights the Bluetooth wireless technology.
Mechanistic Details on the Conversion of Si–O to Si–C Bonds Using Metal Hydrides: A Density Functional Theory Study (2019)

We report results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted to investigate the reaction mechanism for the formation of MeSi(OMe) 3 from tetramethoxysilane [Si(OMe) 4 ], using metal hydrides. In the present study, the effects of three different metal hydrides on the conversion reaction were investigated. This procedure represents an alternative route for the direct conversion from Si–O to Si–C bonds. Our DFT calculations revealed that the most energetically favorable reaction path that leads to the formation of the final product [MeSi(OMe) 3 ] proceeding through the formation of HSi(OMe) 3 as an intermediate. We found that the new Si–C bond originates from the methyl group transfer from another molecule of Si(OMe) 4 , and that this was the most energetically demanding process. We have also identified the origin of the reactivity difference between three metal hydrides. In agreement with the experiment, our results indicated that NaH was the best choice for this conversion reaction.
Nanoscale force manipulation in the vicinity of a metal nanostructure (2007)

The tight focus of Gaussian beams is commonly used to trap dielectric particles in optical tweezers. The corresponding field distribution generates a welldefined trapping potential that is only marginally controllable on a nanometre scale. Here we investigate the influence of a metal nanostructure that is located in the vicinity of the trapping focus on the trapping potential by calculating the corresponding field and force distributions. Even for an excitation wavelength that is tuned far from the plasmonic resonance of the nanostructure, the presence of the latter alters significantly the trap potential. For the given nanostructure, a ring of spheres that is illuminated in the axial direction, a smaller focus volume is observed in comparison to free focus. The superposition of this non-resonant Gaussian field with a planar wave illumination that is tuned to the plasmonic resonance gives a handle to modify the trapping potential. Polarization and intensity of the resonant illumination allows modifying the equilibrium position of the trapping potential, thus providing means to steer dielectric particles with nanometre precision.
Motion blur removal with orthogonal parabolic exposures (2010)

Object movement during exposure generates blur. Removing blur is challenging because one has to estimate the motion blur, which can spatially vary over the image. Even if the motion is successfully identified, blur removal can be unstable because the blur kernel attenuates high frequency image contents. We address the problem of removing blur from objects moving at constant velocities in arbitrary 2D directions. Our solution captures two images of the scene with a parabolic motion in two orthogonal directions. We show that our strategy near-optimally preserves image content, and allows for stable blur inversion. Taking two images of a scene helps us estimate spatially varying object motions. We present a prototype camera and demonstrate successful motion deblurring on real motions.
Expedient Synthesis of Mono-Trimethylsilyl Hydroxylamine and Bis-Trimethylsilyl Hydroxylamine (1985)

Abstract Mono and Bis-trimethylsilylhydroxylamine are conveniently prepared by similar procedures on an arbitrarily large scale, without risk or undue effort on the part of the experimenter.
Transcriptome dynamics of human pluripotent stem cell-derived contracting cardiomyocytes using an embryoid body model with fetal bovine serum (2017)

Cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation techniques for generating adult-like mature CMs remain imperfect, and the plausible underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, there are a number of current protocols available. Here, to explore the mechanisms controlling cardiac differentiation, we analyzed the genome-wide transcription dynamics occurring during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into CMs using embryoid body (EB) formation. We optimized and updated the protocol to efficiently generate contracting CMs from hPSCs by adding fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a medium supplement, which could have a significant impact on the efficiency of cardiac differentiation. To identify genes, biological processes, and pathways involved in the cardiac differentiation of hPSCs, integrative and comparative analyses of the transcriptome profiles of differentiated CMs from hPSCs and of control CMs of the adult human heart (CM-AHH) were performed using gene ontology, functional annotation clustering, and pathway analyses. Several genes commonly regulated in the differentiated CMs and CM-AHH were enriched in pathways related to cell cycle and nucleotide metabolism. Strikingly, we found that current differentiation protocols did not promote sufficient expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation to differentiate CMs from hPSCs compared to the expression levels in CM-AHH. Therefore, to obtain mature CMs similar to CM-AHH, these deficient pathways in CM differentiation, such as energy-related pathways, must be augmented prior to use for in vitro and in vivo applications. This approach opens up new avenues for facilitating the utilization of hPSC-derived CMs in biomedical research, drug evaluation, and clinical applications for patients with cardiac failure.
Semantically-Enabled Sensor Plug & Play for the Sensor Web (2011)

Environmental sensors have continuously improved by becoming smaller, cheaper, and more intelligent over the past years. As consequence of these technological advancements, sensors are increasingly deployed to monitor our environment. The large variety of available sensor types with often incompatible protocols complicates the integration of sensors into observing systems. The standardized Web service interfaces and data encodings defined within OGC's Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework make sensors available over the Web and hide the heterogeneous sensor protocols from applications. So far, the SWE framework does not describe how to integrate sensors on-the-fly with minimal human intervention. The driver software which enables access to sensors has to be implemented and the measured sensor data has to be manually mapped to the SWE models. In this article we introduce a Sensor Plug & Play infrastructure for the Sensor Web by combining (1) semantic matchmaking functionality, (2) a publish/subscribe mechanism underlying the SensorWeb, as well as (3) a model for the declarative description of sensor interfaces which serves as a generic driver mechanism. We implement and evaluate our approach by applying it to an oil spill scenario. The matchmaking is realized using existing ontologies and reasoning engines and provides a strong case for the semantic integration capabilities provided by Semantic Web research.
Skeletal muscle microbiopsy: a validation study of a minimally invasive technique (2005)

The study of the peripheral skeletal muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is of growing interest, but often requires biopsies, usually with the Bergström technique. The current study was designed to test the validity of a minimally invasive technique: the microbiopsy. In 17 patients with COPD and four normal subjects, two specimens of the vastus lateralis were taken percutaneously under local anaesthesia, one with a 16-gauge needle (microbiopsy) and the other with the Bergström needle. The enzymatic activity of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), and the myosin heavy chain (MyoHC) composition were measured for both techniques. The subjects reported no pain or much less with the microbiopsy compared with the Bergström biopsy. The microbiopsy sample weight reached 55+/-17 mg. The two techniques showed excellent agreement for CS activity and MyoHC composition. The PFK activity did not differ statistically between the techniques, but the agreement was moderate. The agreement between both biopsy techniques was stable over time. The median (range) fibre number within the microbiopsy specimens was 144 (38-286). In conclusion, the current study shows the feasibility and validity of a minimally invasive muscle biopsy technique that appears more comfortable for subjects, compared with the Bergström technique.
Discussion Group III at IIRW 2019 (2019)

Wide bandgap semiconductor materials, mainly SiC and GaN, are generating interests in more and more segments of the power device market including automotive. This discussion group was set up to screen some of the related topics of this fields. The following questions have been prepared to define the different aspects of this topic: 1. What are the typically applications for WBGs in automotive?; 2. Which are the key reliability aspects/concerns in WBG? Are those topics particular to WBG and why?; 3. How to assess extrinsic and intrinsic failures effectively?; 4. Where do we need/want more understanding of the failure mechanism?; 4. What differences will be needed for qualifying WBGs over Si?; 5. What additional requirements need to be met for WBGs to appear in automotive?
High-Sensitivity Large-Throughput Broadband Tunable Microwave Wear Debris Sensing System (2021)

A highly sensitive, large throughput and wide dynamic range (in the aspect of size and material type) broadband tunable microwave interferometer based rectangular waveguide wear debris detection system is presented. Passing of (non)ferrous and (non)conductive particles through the sensor, which causes inductance and/or capacitance changes, are detected as transmission signal variations of the system. We first demonstrate the sensing principle with the aluminum particle of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$800~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and epoxy resin particle of 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> at 6 GHz. Then, the effects of particle size and flow speed are tested with aluminum particles ranging from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 1.8 mm. The measurement results show that the system is able to measure particle sizes with known material and differentiate nonconductive particles from conductive ones. With the proposed data processing techniques, this system is capable of detecting as small as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$76~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> particles within an 8 mm outer diameter tube. And with future improvements on sensitivity and particle material characterization, the proposed system has the potential to differentiate (non)ferrous and (non)conductive particles and measure their sizes as a real-time wear debris sensing devices for rotating and reciprocating machines.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in stroke patients: a prospective multicenter study in Japan (2013)

Different risk factors are significantly related to the type of stroke.
AID–RNA polymerase II transcription-dependent deamination of IgV DNA (2019)

Activation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation (SHM) in immunoglobulin variable (IgV) genes to produce high-affinity antibodies. SHM requires IgV transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). A eukaryotic transcription system including AID has not been reported previously. Here, we reconstitute AID-catalyzed deamination during Pol II transcription elongation in conjunction with DSIF transcription factor. C→T mutations occur at similar frequencies on non-transcribed strand (NTS) and transcribed strand (TS) DNA. In contrast, bacteriophage T7 Pol generates NTS mutations predominantly. AID-Pol II mutations are strongly favored in WRC and WGCW overlapping hot motifs (W = A or T, R = A or G) on both DNA strands. Single mutations occur on 70% of transcribed DNA clones. Mutations are correlated over a 15 nt distance in multiply mutated clones, suggesting that deaminations are catalyzed processively within a stalled or backtracked transcription bubble. Site-by-site comparisons for biochemical and human memory B-cell mutational spectra in an IGHV3-23*01 target show strongly favored deaminations occurring in the antigen-binding complementarity determining regions (CDR) compared to the framework regions (FW). By exhibiting consistency with B-cell SHM, our in vitro data suggest that biochemically defined reconstituted Pol II transcription systems can be used to investigate how, when and where AID is targeted.
Recent progress in fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers (2012)

As applications of parametric amplifiers continue to expand, improvements in the technology are needed. We describe here using longitudinal strain to enable dither-free pumping, thus enabling the parametric processing of signals with complex modulation formats.
Vascular Adaptation: Pattern Formation and Cross Validation between an Agent Based Model and a Dynamical System (2017)

Myocardial infarction is the global leading cause of mortality (Go et al., 2014). Coronary artery occlusion is its main etiology and it is commonly treated by Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery (Wilson et al, 2007). The long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory (Benedetto, 2016) as the graft faces the phenomenon of restenosis during the post-surgery, which consists of re-occlusion of the lumen and usually requires secondary intervention even within one year after the initial surgery (Harskamp, 2013). In this work, we propose an extensive study of the restenosis phenomenon by implementing two mathematical models previously developed by our group: a heuristic Dynamical System (DS) (Garbey and Berceli, 2013), and a stochastic Agent Based Model (ABM) (Garbey et al., 2015). With an extensive use of the ABM, we retrieved the pattern formations of the cellular events that mainly lead the restenosis, especially focusing on mitosis in intima, caused by alteration in shear stress, and mitosis in media, fostered by alteration in wall tension. A deep understanding of the elements at the base of the restenosis is indeed crucial in order to improve the final outcome of vein graft bypass. We also turned the ABM closer to the physiological reality by abating its original assumption of circumferential symmetry. This allowed us to finely replicate the trigger event of the restenosis, i.e. the loss of the endothelium in the early stage of the post-surgical follow up (Roubos et al., 1995) and to simulate the encroachment of the lumen in a fashion aligned with histological evidences (Owens et al., 2015). Finally, we cross-validated the two models by creating an accurate matching procedure. In this way we added the degree of accuracy given by the ABM to a simplified model (DS) that can serve as powerful predictive tool for the clinic.
Coupling between local structure and global stability of a protein: mutants of staphylococcal nuclease (1990)

Staphylococcal nuclease exists in solution as a mixture of two folded (N and N') and two unfolded (U and U*) forms. Earlier workers [Evans et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 362] have proposed that the N'/N and U/U* structural differences involve cis/trans isomerization about the Lys116-Pro117 peptide bond with N and U cis and N' and U* trans. The present results show that residue changes throughout the nuclease structure have large effects on the distribution of the N and N'forms. The N'/N ratios at 313 K for nuclease H124L (N'/N = 0.07) and nuclease G79S (N'/N = 12) differ by 2 orders of magnitude. Thermodynamic parameters for equilibria linking the two folded and two unfolded substates were evaluated for seven mutants of nuclease which were found by kinetic assays to have similar enzymatic activities but by NMR spectroscopy to have a wide dispersion of thermal stabilities. Our results indicate that mutational perturbations of the N'/N equilibrium in folded nuclease (delta G for the N in equilibrium N' reaction) are strongly coupled to changes in the stability of the N form (delta G for the N in equilibrium U reaction), but much less so to the stability of the N' form (delta G for the N' in equilibrium U* reaction).
Lung cancer * 5: State of the art radiotherapy for lung cancer (2003)

Radiotherapy has a key role in curative and palliative treatments of patients with lung cancer. Important advances are described in the technique of treatment delivery and its integration with chemotherapy.
Corrigendum: Metabolic Profiling of a CB2 Agonist, AM9338, Using LC-MS and Microcoil-NMR: Identification of a Novel Dihydroxy Adamantyl Metabolite (2021)

CORRECTION article Front. Pharmacol., 22 April 2021Sec. Drug Metabolism and Transport Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.630274
Survey on deep learning methods in human action recognition (2017)

A study on one of the most important issues in a human action recognition task, i.e. how to create proper data representations with a high‐level abstraction from large dimensional noisy video data, is carried out. Most of the recent successful studies in this area are mainly focused on deep learning. Deep learning methods have gained superiority to other approaches in the field of image recognition. In this survey, the authors first investigate the role of deep learning in both image and video processing and recognition. Owing to the variety and plenty of deep learning methods, the authors discuss them in a comparative form. For this purpose, the authors present an analytical framework to classify and to evaluate these methods based on some important functional measures. Furthermore, a categorisation of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches in deep learning for human action recognition is presented. The authors summarise the significantly related works in each approach and discuss their performance.
Evaluation of the robustness of planar-patches based 3D-registration using marker-based ground-truth in an outdoor urban scenario (2010)

The recently introduced Minimum Uncertainty Maximum Consensus (MUMC) algorithm for 3D scene registration using planar-patches is tested in a large outdoor urban setting without any prior motion estimate whatsoever. With the aid of a new overlap metric based on unmatched patches, the algorithm is shown to work successfully in most cases. The absolute accuracy of its computed result is corroborated for the first time by ground-truth obtained using reflective markers. There were a couple of unsuccessful scan-pairs. These are analyzed for the reason of failure by formulating two kinds of overlap metrics: one based on the actual overlapping surface-area and another based on the extent of agreement of range-image pixels. We conclude that neither metric in isolation is able to predict all failures, but that both taken together are able to predict the difficulty level of a scan-pair vis-à-vis registration by MUMC.
Design and fabrication of a chemically-stable proton conductor bilayer electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) (2008)

Bilayer electrolytes made of barium cerate covered with a thin film of barium zirconate deposited by pulsed laser deposition show promise for improving chemical stability without greatly affecting electrochemical performance in fuel cell operation.
[18F]EF3 is not superior to [18F]FMISO for PET-based hypoxia evaluation as measured in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumour model (2008)

[(18)F]EF3 tumour uptake reached similar levels at 4 h p.i. compared with tumour retention observed after injection of [(18)F]FMISO at 2 h p.i. Although [(18)F]EF3 is a promising non-invasive tracer, it is not superior over [(18)F]FMISO for the visualisation of tumour hypoxia. No significant differences between [(18)F]EF3 and [(18)F]FMISO were observed with regard to the intra-tumoural distribution and the extra-tumoural tissue retention.