gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetically enhanced maize as a potential management option for corn rootworm: YieldGard® rootworm maize case study. (2004)

This chapter examines the current management strategies and their limitations in USA maize production and the potential benefits of managing these pests with a developed corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.)-protected maize. The topics covered include development of a genetic solution for corn rootworm management, characterization of YieldGard rootworm maize, food and feed safety of YieldGard rootworm maize, environmental safety of YieldGard rootworm maize, performance of YieldGard rootworm maize, and benefits of YieldGard rootworm maize.
Demonstration of a high efficiency nonuniform monolithic gallium-nitride distributed amplifier (2002)

A monolithic gallium-nitride (GaN) dual-gate HEMT distributed amplifier has been designed which offers increased efficiency by removal of the drain line dummy load. This amplifier uses a dual-gate cascode gain cell to provide higher gain and power with a wideband frequency response. A fabricated four-stage nonuniform distributed amplifier has validated this approach.
A Trusted Information Agent for Security Information and Event Management (2012)

This paper addresses security information management in untrusted environments. A security information and event management system collects and examines security related events and provides a unifying view of the monitored system's security status. The sensors, which provide the event data, are typically placed in a non-protected environment at the boarder of the managed system. They are exposed to various kinds of attacks. Compromised sensors may lead to misjudgement on the system's state with possibly serious consequences. The particular security requirements arising from these problems are discussed for large scale critical infrastructures. The main contribution of this paper is a concept that provides trusted event reporting. Critical event sources are holistically protected such that authenticity of the security related events is guaranteed. This enables better assessment of the managed system's reliability and trustworthiness. As a proof of this concept, the paper presents an exemplary realisation of a trustworthy event source.
Contour propagation in MRI-guided radiotherapy treatment of cervical cancer: the accuracy of rigid, non-rigid and semi-automatic registrations (2009)

External beam radiation treatment for patients with cervical cancer is hindered by the relatively large motion of the target volume. A hybrid MRI-accelerator system makes it possible to acquire online MR images during treatment in order to correct for motion and deformation. To fully benefit from such a system, online delineation of the target volumes is necessary. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of rigid, non-rigid and semi-automatic registrations of MR images for interfractional contour propagation in patients with cervical cancer. Registration using mutual information was performed on both bony anatomy and soft tissue. A B-spline transform was used for the non-rigid method. Semi-automatic registration was implemented with a point set registration algorithm on a small set of manual landmarks. Online registration was simulated by application of each method to four weekly MRI scans for each of 33 cervical cancer patients. Evaluation was performed by distance analysis with respect to manual delineations. The results show that soft-tissue registration significantly (P < 0.001) improves the accuracy of contour propagation compared to registration based on bony anatomy. A combination of user-assisted and non-rigid registration provides the best results with a median error of 3.2 mm (1.4-9.9 mm) compared to 5.9 mm (1.7-19.7 mm) with bone registration (P < 0.001) and 3.4 mm (1.3-19.1 mm) with non-rigid registration (P = 0.01). In a clinical setting, the benefit may be further increased when outliers can be removed by visual inspection of the online images. We conclude that for external beam radiation treatment of cervical cancer, online MRI imaging will allow target localization based on soft tissue visualization, which provides a significantly higher accuracy than localization based on bony anatomy. The use of limited user input to guide the registration increases overall accuracy. Additional non-rigid registration further reduces the propagation error and negates errors caused by small observer variations.
Chemical Modifications and Design Influence the Potency of Huntingtin Anti-Gene Oligonucleotides (2023)

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative, trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disorder affecting both males and females. It is caused by an abnormal increase in the length of CAG•CTG TNR in exon 1 of the <i>Huntingtin</i> gene (<i>HTT</i>). The resultant, mutant HTT mRNA and protein cause neuronal toxicity, suggesting that reduction of their levels would constitute a promising therapeutic approach. We previously reported a novel strategy in which chemically modified oligonucleotides (ONs) directly target chromosomal DNA. These anti-gene ONs were able to downregulate both <i>HTT</i> mRNA and protein. In this study, various locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA mixmer anti-gene ONs were tested to investigate the effects of varying ON length, LNA content, and fatty acid modification on <i>HTT</i> expression. Altering the length did not significantly influence the ON potency, while LNA content was critical for activity. Utilization of palmitoyl-modified LNA monomers enhanced the ON activity relatively to the corresponding nonmodified LNA under serum starvation conditions. Furthermore, the number of palmitoylated LNA monomers and their positioning greatly affected ON potency. In addition, we performed RNA sequencing analysis, which showed that the anti-gene ONs affect the "immune system process, mRNA processing, and neurogenesis." Furthermore, we observed that for repeat containing genes, there is a higher tendency for antisense off-targeting. Taken together, our findings provide an optimized design of anti-gene ONs that could potentially be developed as DNA-targeting therapeutics for this class of TNR-related diseases.
Cloning and expression of a thermostable alpha-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. (2010)

The first gene (alpha-gal1) encoding an extracellular alpha-Dgalactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii was cloned and characterized. The alpha-gal1 gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1,792 base pairs interrupted by six introns that encoded a mature protein of 452 amino acids, including a 24 amino acid secretory signal sequence. The translated protein had highest identity with other fungal alpha-galactosidases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 27. The alpha-gal1 gene was overexpressed as a secretory protein with an N-terminal histidine tag in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Recombinant alpha-Gal1 was secreted into the culture medium as a monomeric glycoprotein with a maximal yield of 10.75 mg/l and purified to homogeneity using Hisbinding nickel-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was maximally active at 70 degrees C, pH 4.5, and lost no activity over 10 days at 50 degrees C. alpha-Gal1 followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax of 240.3 micronM/min/mg, Km of 0.294 mM) and was inhibited competitively by galactose (Km obs of 0.57 mM, Ki of 2.77 mM). The recombinant T. emersonii alpha-galactosidase displayed broad substrate preference, being active on both oligo- and polymeric substrates, yet had strict specificity for the alpha-galactosidic linkage. Owing to its substrate preference and noteworthy stability, alpha-Gal1 is of particular interest for possible biotechnological applications involving the processing of plant materials.
팀 내·외부 관계망이 지식 중개자 활동에 미치는 영향 (2018)

Knowledge transfer among employees integrates individual knowledge scattered within a firm, thus increases organizational effectiveness. In particular, the role of knowledge broker, which enables knowledge sharing across multiple teams or subunits, is critical for the success of knowledge management. This study classified the types of knowledge broker that facilitates knowledge flows among team, and examined the influences of various intra- and inter-team social networks. Survey responses from 128 employees of four R&D teams were gathered and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. The results of analysis showed that all types of inter-team networks(i.e., emotional closeness network, frequency of interaction network, and perceived expertise network) had significant influences on related knowledge brokerage behaviors. In case of intra-team networks, only the emotional closeness network showed significant influence. These results proved the necessity of managing various types of intra- and inter-team networks to encourage knowledge brokerage behaviors within a firm.
Graph criterion for algebraic controllability of quantum networks (2008)

We give a sufficient criterion that guarantees that a many-body quantum system can be controlled by properly manipulating the (local) Hamiltonian of one of its subsystems. The method can be applied to a wide range of systems: it does not depend on the details of the couplings but only on their associated topology. As a special case, we prove that Heisenberg and Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki chains can be controlled by operating on one of the spins at their ends. In principle, arbitrary quantum algorithms can be performed on such chains by acting on a single qubit.
Stat5 is a physiological substrate of the insulin receptor (1997)

Using the cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor (IR) in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a cDNA clone encoding the C-terminal 308 amino acids of human Stat5b (Stat5b-Ct). Stat5b-Ct is tyrosine phosphorylated by purified IR kinase domain in vitro. Insulin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of overexpressed Stat5b-Ct and endogenous Stat5 in cells overexpressing IR. Stat5 may be a direct target of the IR and, as a member of the Stat family of transcription factors, may play a role in the regulation of gene transcription by insulin. In support of this hypothesis, perfusion of mouse liver with insulin promotes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 and activation of Stat5 DNA binding. Moreover, refeeding of fasted mice leads to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of enhanced DNA-binding activity of Stat5 extracted from liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that IR interacts with and phosphorylates Stat5 in vitro and in tissues physiologically sensitive to insulin.
Mouth pressure curve on abrupt interruption of airflow during forced expiration (1989)

An attempt was made to investigate how the mouth pressure curve represents the process of air flowing into the collapsed segment downstream to the choke point when the airflow is abruptly interrupted at the mouth during forced expiration. Immediately after the interruption of airflow, the mouth pressure suddenly increased (phase 1), followed by a slower rise in pressure (phase 2) within approximately 100 ms until the pressure reached the alveolar pressure. The pleural and alveolar pressures remained constant during this process. The first phase of the abrupt rise represented the pressure induced by the instantaneous interruption of the airflow itself. Analysis of the supramaximal flow (Vsupramax) observed after resumption of the airflow suggested that the choke point remained constant during the second phase of the mouth pressure after interruption of maximal flow (Vmax). From these results, examination of the second phase of the mouth pressure curve may provide useful information about the downstream segment of the airway.
Laser-Based Measurement of Glucose in the Ocular Aqueous Humor: An Efficacious Portal for Determination of Serum Glucose Levels (1999)

The potential for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose concentration to improve the level of blood sugar control and the quality of life of diabetic patients has been recognized for nearly 3 decades. Because of the many challenges involved in directly sensing glucose in the bloodstream noninvasively, the approach of noninvasive measurement of glucose concentration in the ocular aqueous humor, which reflects blood glucose concentration, has been likewise pursued over those 3 decades. Moreover, studies of the dynamic relationship between blood glucose concentration and ocular glucose concentration in both animals and humans suggest minimal latency between variations in blood glucose and those in ocular glucose. In a review of technological approaches to such measurements, the most promising techniques appear to be laser-based, and include laser polarimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Results for techniques such as multiwavelength polarimetry and Raman spectroscopy have been quite good, and it is likely that one or both of these techniques, possibly combined with refractive index measurement, will yield a useful instrument for both clinical use and patient self-monitoring.
Energy conservation and emission reduction of natural gas based alternative vehicle fuels (2009)

CNG and GTL are presently widely used natural gas based alternative vehicle fuels. These two fuels are different in terms of production, transportation and vehicle use efficiency. To objectively evaluate energy consumption and environment effect of the two fuels, based on city buses, oil-saving and emission-reduction effects of the application routes of the two kinds of imported natural gas (CNG and GTL) were analyzed and compared with that of traditional diesel by means of life cycle assessment method. The results showed that, within the full life cycle, GTL's application route can reduce oil consumption by 99.4%, and the amount of PM, CO, NOx, SOx and THC emission down by 33.9%, 4.8%, 7.3%, 79.2% and 20.9% respectively, whereas the CO2 emission up by 23.4%. CNG's application route can reduce oil consumption by 99%, and the amount of CO2, PM, NOx and SOx emission down by 8.5%, 84.7%, 26% and 64.5% respectively, while the amount of CO and THC emission up by 52.9% and 197.9%. Therefore, natural gas based alternative vehicle fuels could substantially reduce the petroleum consumption and pollution emission, of which CNG's comprehensive energy conservation and emission reduction effect is better than that of GTL.
Gp96-Ig DNA transfer into muscle by electroporation induces antigen specific cellular immune responses (VAC12P.1027) (2014)

Abstract The secreted gp96 vaccine approach is based on the use of cellular vaccines (293 cells) that continuously secrete gp96-Ig associated with antigenic peptides that are cross presented to CD8 T cells in vivo. Cellular gp96 vaccines are highly active in generation CTL for cancer therapy and SIV prophylaxis. Here, we investigate the use of gp96-Ig cDNA as vaccine platform. An optimized electroporation approach was used to deliver the B45 plasmid encoding secreted gp96-Ig and HIV-gag-gfp or ovalbumin genes. The B45 plasmid is a bovine papilloma virus derived vector from which the potentially transforming genes E5, E6, and E7 have been removed as well as the L1 and L2 viral capsid genes. The plasmid (50ug) was injected into the muscle (musculus tibialis anterior) of C57/Bl6 mice followed by electric field pulse that induced temporary and reversible pores in the muscle cell membrane. 48h after i.m. injection and EP-delivery, we found gfp (HIV-gag-gfp) expression in the muscle cells. To determine gp96-Ig secretion and cross presentation to CD8 cells we used cDNA for ovalbumin as antigen in conjunction with gp96-Ig and expansion of OT-I TCR-transgenic cells as readout. Vaccination by electroporation increased the frequency of OT-I in the spleen and in the mucosal compartment (lamina propria, small intestine).This simple, efficient and reproducible method of delivery may have great potential for further development of DNA gp96-Ig vaccination.
Estimating the tensor of curvature of a surface from a polyhedral approximation (2002)

Estimating principal curvatures and principal directions of a surface from a polyhedral approximation with a large number of small faces, such as those produced by iso-surface construction algorithms, has become a basic step in many computer vision algorithms, particularly in those targeted at medical applications. We describe a method to estimate the tensor of curvature of a surface at the vertices of a polyhedral approximation. Principal curvatures and principal directions are obtained by computing in closed form the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of certain 3/spl times/3 symmetric matrices defined by integral formulas, and closely related to the matrix representation of the tensor of curvature. The resulting algorithm is linear, both in time and in space, as a function of the number of vertices and faces of the polyhedral surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optically Pure α-(Trimethylsilyl)benzyl Alcohol:  A Practical Chiral Auxiliary for Oxocarbenium Ion Reactions (2001)

[reaction: see text] Enantiopure (S)-alpha-(trimethylsilyl)benzyl alcohol (98% ee) was prepared by Noyori's transfer hydrogenation of benzoyltrimethylsilane. The corresponding trimethylsilyl ether was subjected to Marko's silyl modified Sakurai conditions with a variety of aldehydes to afford homoallylic ethers in high diastereoselectivity. The practicality of the alpha-trimethylsilyl benzyl group as an oxocarbenium ion auxiliary was further demonstrated by its efficient deprotection or conversion to a benzyl protecting group.
Iron-Doped Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst with High Activity and Stability for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2015)

Molybdenum-based materials have been widely investigated recently as promising alternatives to platinum for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Molybdenum carbide is one of the most studied transition-metal carbides because of its cheap price, high abundance, good conductivity, and catalytic activity. In order to further improve the catalytic activity of molybdenum carbide, some modifications have been applied. In this paper, a wide range of magnetic iron-doped molybdenum carbide (Mo2–xFexC) nanomaterials were synthesized by a unique amine–metal oxide composite method. The amount of iron dopants was controlled by setting different iron/molybdenum ratios in the precursors. Iron-doped molybdenum carbide nanomaterials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic HER tests were used to demonstrate the catalytic activity upon addition of a second metal into the lattice of molybdenum carbide. Finally, Ni was also doped into the lattice of molybdenum carbide to prove the generality of the synthetic method and tested for catalytic activity.
The curved needle technique for accessing the L5/S1 disc space. (2000)

Bending the guide needle has been suggested as an alternative technique that may improve the success rate for accessing the L5/S1 level on discography. We performed a prospective randomized study to compare this technique with the use of a conventional straight needle. There was a significantly lower failure rate using the curved needle (p < 0.05). The incidence of nerve root impingement was also lower.
Generalized Few-Shot Continual Learning with Contrastive Mixture of Adapters (2023)

The goal of Few-Shot Continual Learning (FSCL) is to incrementally learn novel tasks with limited labeled samples and preserve previous capabilities simultaneously, while current FSCL methods are all for the class-incremental purpose. Moreover, the evaluation of FSCL solutions is only the cumulative performance of all encountered tasks, but there is no work on exploring the domain generalization ability. Domain generalization is a challenging yet practical task that aims to generalize beyond training domains. In this paper, we set up a Generalized FSCL (GFSCL) protocol involving both class- and domain-incremental situations together with the domain generalization assessment. Firstly, two benchmark datasets and protocols are newly arranged, and detailed baselines are provided for this unexplored configuration. We find that common continual learning methods have poor generalization ability on unseen domains and cannot better cope with the catastrophic forgetting issue in cross-incremental tasks. In this way, we further propose a rehearsal-free framework based on Vision Transformer (ViT) named Contrastive Mixture of Adapters (CMoA). Due to different optimization targets of class increment and domain increment, the CMoA contains two parts: (1) For the class-incremental issue, the Mixture of Adapters (MoA) module is incorporated into ViT, then cosine similarity regularization and the dynamic weighting are designed to make each adapter learn specific knowledge and concentrate on particular classes. (2) For the domain-related issues and domain-invariant representation learning, we alleviate the inner-class variation by prototype-calibrated contrastive learning. The codes and protocols are available at https://github.com/yawencui/CMoA.
Synaptopodin is necessary for Shigella flexneri intercellular spread (2023)

Intercellular spread is essential for many cytosolic dwelling pathogens during their infectious life cycle. Despite knowing the steps required for intercellular spread, relatively little is known about the host-pathogen interactions that enable these steps to occur. Here, we identify a requirement for the actin binding protein synaptopodin during intercellular spread by cytosolic bacteria. We show synaptopodin is necessary for the stability and recruitment of polymerized actin around bacteria. We also demonstrate synaptopodin is necessary to form plasma membrane structures known as protrusions that are necessary for the movement of these bacteria between cells. Thus, these findings implicate synaptopodin as an important actin-binding protein for the virulence of intracellular pathogens that require the actin cytoskeleton for their spread between cells.
Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid–liquid–gas chromatography with dual detection (2015)

Mineral oils, which are mainly composed of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, are widespread food contaminants. Liquid chromatography coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection represents the method of choice to determine these two families. However, despite the high selectivity of this technique, the presence of olefins (particularly squalene and its isomers) in some samples as in olive oils, does not allow the correct quantification of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons fraction, requiring additional off-line tools to eliminate them. In the present research, a novel on-line liquid chromatography coupled to gas chromatography method is described for the determination of hydrocarbon contamination in edible oils. Two different liquid chromatography columns, namely a silica one (to retain the bulk of the matrix) and a silver-ion one (which better retains the olefins), were coupled in series to obtain the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons hump free of interfering peaks. Furthermore, the use of a simultaneous dual detection, flame ionization detector and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer allowed us not only to quantify the mineral oil contamination, but also to evaluate the presence of specific markers (i.e. hopanes) to confirm the petrogenic origin of the contamination.