gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallographically resolved damage initiation in advanced high strength steel (2018)

Recently, the third generation of advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) show promising properties for automotive applications. The improvement of macroscopic mechanical performance is not feasible without a deep understanding of the micromechanical behavior and failure micro-mechanisms involved during its response under various loading conditions. In this study, a uniaxial tensile test is conducted on a low silicon bainitic steel with second phase constituents (martensite and carbides). A comprehensive image processing on SEM micrographs is performed in order to quantify the damage evolution as a function of plastic deformation. A new methodology is examined to address the correlation between crystallographic orientation and damage initiation. In this multiphase steel, it appears that orientation dependence of damage initiation is blurred by the presence of different phases and hence there is not an obvious preferential orientation from where damage has initiated.
Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of tissue engineering strategies for periodontal and peri‐implant reconstruction (2022)

Scientific advancements in biomaterials, cellular therapies, and growth factors have brought new therapeutic options for periodontal and peri-implant reconstructive procedures. These tissue engineering strategies involve the enrichment of scaffolds with living cells or signaling molecules and aim at mimicking the cascades of wound healing events and the clinical outcomes of conventional autogenous grafts, without the need for donor tissue. Several tissue engineering strategies have been explored over the years for a variety of clinical scenarios, including periodontal regeneration, treatment of gingival recessions/mucogingival conditions, alveolar ridge preservation, bone augmentation procedures, sinus floor elevation, and peri-implant bone regeneration therapies. The goal of this article was to review the tissue engineering strategies that have been performed for periodontal and peri-implant reconstruction and implant site development, and to evaluate their safety, invasiveness, efficacy, and patient-reported outcomes. A detailed systematic search was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials reporting the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies utilized for the aforementioned indications. A total of 128 trials were ultimately included in this review for a detailed qualitative analysis. Commonly performed tissue engineering strategies involved scaffolds enriched with mesenchymal or somatic cells (cell-based tissue engineering strategies), or more often scaffolds loaded with signaling molecules/growth factors (signaling molecule-based tissue engineering strategies). These approaches were found to be safe when utilized for periodontal and peri-implant reconstruction therapies and implant site development. Tissue engineering strategies demonstrated either similar or superior clinical outcomes than conventional approaches for the treatment of infrabony and furcation defects, alveolar ridge preservation, and sinus floor augmentation. Tissue engineering strategies can promote higher root coverage, keratinized tissue width, and gingival thickness gain than scaffolds alone can, and they can often obtain similar mean root coverage compared with autogenous grafts. There is some evidence suggesting that tissue engineering strategies can have a positive effect on patient morbidity, their preference, esthetics, and quality of life when utilized for the treatment of mucogingival deformities. Similarly, tissue engineering strategies can reduce the invasiveness and complications of autogenous graft-based staged bone augmentation. More studies incorporating patient-reported outcomes are needed to understand the cost-benefits of tissue engineering strategies compared with traditional treatments.
Copper monooxygenase models: hydroxylation reactions resulting from dioxygen activation by copper(I) complexes (1992)

We describe the synthesis and reactivity of new mononuclear copper(I) complexes 4a–c, which can be considered to be copper monooxygenase models and can be used to achieve hydroxylation of aliphatic C–H bonds by dioxygen activation.
WEB Intrasaccular Flow Disruptor—Prospective, Multicenter Experience in 83 Patients with 85 Aneurysms (2014)

In this large prospective series of patients, WEB flow disruption was a safe and efficient technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Induced Chemical Defense in Plants. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Double minute chromosomes carrying the human multidrug resistance 1 and 2 genes are generated from the dimerization of submicroscopic circular DNAs in colchicine-selected KB carcinoma cells. (1992)

This study characterizes amplified structures carrying the human multidrug resistance (MDR) genes in colchicine-selected multidrug resistant KB cell lines and strongly supports a model of gene amplification in which small circular extrachromosomal DNA elements generated from contiguous chromosomal DNA regions multimerize to form cytologically detectable double minute chromosomes (DMs). The human MDR1 gene encodes the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein, which is a plasma membrane pump for many structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic drugs. MDR1 and its homolog, MDR2, undergo amplification when KB cells are subjected to stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of colchicine. The structure of the amplification unit at each step of drug selection was characterized using both high-voltage gel electrophoresis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) techniques. An 890-kb submicroscopic extrachromosomal circular DNA element carrying the MDR1 and MDR2 genes was detected in cell line KB-ChR-8-5-11, the earliest step in drug selection in which conventional Southern/hybridization analyses detected MDR gene amplification. When KB-ChR-8-5-11 was subjected to stepwise increases in colchicine, this circular DNA element dimerized as detected by PFGE with and without digestion with Not 1, which linearizes the 890-kb amplicon. This dimerization process, which also occurred at the next step of colchicine selection, resulted in the formation of cytologically detectable DMs revealed by analysis of Giemsa-stained metaphase spreads.
Cyclic sulfur esters as substrates for nucleophilic substitution. A new synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic sulfur esters as substrates for nucleophilic substitution. A new synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucoseTimothy J. TewsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3507–3510Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views533Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (570 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay (2013)

Grapevine phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is a worldwide pest of Vitis species. It has forms that feed on leaves and roots. Root forms predominate on Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivars, while leaf forms predominate on Vitis species from its native American range. Recently, high densities of D. vitifoliae infestations in leaves of V. vinifera in Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay have been reported. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal development of grape phylloxera, quantify infestation levels on V. vinifera leaves, and compare them with infestation levels on leaves of a rootstock of American origin. Studies were conducted in two vineyards in Uruguay from 2004-2007. Terminal shoots of 3309 C and Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Tannat, Viognier, grafted onto resistant rootstock, were sampled weekly and leaves examined for gall presence and insect life stage. First galls were detected in early October; eggs began to appear within two weeks. Two oviposition peaks occurred by the end of December, and they coincided with bursts of shoot growth. On 3309C rootstock, oviposition peaks were more frequent than on the European cultivars. Based on thermal accumulation, D. vitifoliae could complete eight generations a year in Uruguay. Rootstock 3309C suffered the greatest damage but in some cases was similar to the European cultivars. Damage to Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Viognier were also high. There were no galls on Tannat. The 2005-2006 season was characterized by low infestation rates caused by a prolonged drought that affected vegetative growth. There were also differences between vineyards, where the vigorous plants suffering more damage. Leaf galling phylloxera incidence and damage were mainly associated to the cultivar but plant vigor and environmental factors also contributed to increase the incidence.
Time-frequency analysis of mode coupling in shallow-water sound propagation (2006)

Time-frequency (TF) analysis for propagation of broadband sound pulses in shallow water in presence of perturbations of waveguides parameters, such as internal waves, temperature fronts, or bottom variability is considered. Due to waveguide dispersion one can construct a TF diagram for individual normal modes using Gabor transform for each received pulse. If we have a temporal sequence of propagating pulses then we can find a temporal sequence of TF diagrams. It is shown that in the presence of spatial and temporal waveguide perturbations (such as the sound-speed profile in the water column or the sea bottom) structure of a TF diagram and its temporal behavior depends on waveguide parameters, on the source-receiver positions, and on the character of mechanisms influencing the sound propagation, such as mode coupling, horizontal refraction, or adiabatic regime. Dependence of the TF diagram on waveguide variability in geotime provides information about temporal behavior of the perturbations. Structure of TF diagram is analyzed for a shallow-water waveguide model as well as for the SWARM95 experimental data. [Work supported by ONR and RFBR.]
Anisotropic Terahertz Dynamics of Highly-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Abstract: This paper summarizes our recent advances in the spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the terahertz (THz) range. Using polarization-dependent time-domain THz spectroscopy, we have studied the anisotropic conduction properties of free carriers in a thin film of highly aligned SWNTs. When the THz polarization was parallel to the nanotube alignment direction, there was strong absorption, while virtually no absorption was observed when the THz polarization was perpendicular to the nanotube axis. Through a proper model, the THz complex dynamic conductivity of the SWNTs was extracted and showed a non-Drude-like frequency dependence, with the real part monotonically increasing with increasing frequency and exhibiting a peak around 4.5 THz. Furthermore, the reduced linear dichroism was calculated to be 3, which demonstrates the nematic order parameter to be 1. This indicates that the alignment of the nanotubes is “perfect ” and any misalignment must have characteristic length scales much smaller than the wavelengths used in these experiments (1.5 mm – 150 μm).
Molecular Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Advanced Caries (2005)

Real-time PCR analysis of the total bacterial load in advanced carious lesions has shown that the total load exceeds the number of cultivable bacteria. This suggests that an unresolved complexity exists in bacteria associated with advanced caries. In this report, the profile of the microflora of carious dentine was explored by using DNA extracted from 10 lesions selected on the basis of comparable total microbial load and on the relative abundance of Prevotella spp. Using universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene, PCR amplicons were cloned, and approximately 100 transformants were processed for each lesion. Phylogenetic analysis of 942 edited sequences demonstrated the presence of 75 species or phylotypes in the 10 carious lesions. Up to 31 taxa were represented in each sample. A diverse array of lactobacilli were found to comprise 50% of the species, with prevotellae also abundant, comprising 15% of the species. Other taxa present in a number of lesions or occurring with high abundance included Selenomonas spp., Dialister spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium spp., members of the Lachnospiraceae family, Olsenella spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium sp., and Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus. The mechanisms by which such diverse patterns of bacteria extend carious lesions, including the aspect of infection of the vital dental pulp, remain unclear.
Biexciton Emission From Single Quantum‐Confined Structures in N‐Polar (000‐1) InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells (2017)

We report on the observation of biexciton luminescence from single quantum‐confined structures in N‐polar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on c ‐plane sapphire by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Sharp emission lines are observed at different positions of the sample by micro‐photoluminescence (μ‐PL) mapping. The density of sharp emission lines is ≈0.3 μm −2 , which is comparable with the inversion domain (ID) density found from transmission electron microscope observation, suggesting that the sharp emission lines originate from single quantum‐confined structures formed by the combination of quantum well and IDs in N‐polar InGaN/GaN MQWs. It is found from the excitation power dependence of the PL intensity of two adjacent sharp lines that the intensity of biexciton luminescence at the lower energy side shows a quadratic dependence on the excitation power while that of exciton luminescence at the higher energy side increased linearly with increasing excitation power. The biexciton binding energy is found to be 0.8 meV.
Method for assessing electrical resistance of pipeline casings (1989)

Gas transmission pipelines are sometimes required to be encased in a larger diameter pipe segment in selected areas, such as under roads or railroad crossings. In time, the casing may become electrically connected to the carrier pipe, either by a metallic short or by an electrolytic path caused by ingress of groundwater through the casing end seals. In the case of a metallic short, the carrier pipe may be shielded from the benefit of the cathodic protection currents. Conventional measurements do not provide an unambiguous indication of the status of the carrier pipe in many situations. This research project was conducted to develop a suitable method. The objectives of the research were: (1) to develop techniques to determine whether the casing and the carrier pipe are effectively isolated from each other or if they are shorted together, and (2) to develop a measurement technique which will allow the degree of cathodic protection of the carrier pipe within an electrolyte-containing annulus region of the casing to be assessed if the casing is not shorted to the carrier pipe.
State-of-the-Art Developments of Acoustic Energy Transfer (2016)

Acoustic energy transfer (AET) technology has drawn significant industrial attention recently. This paper presents the reviews of the existing AETs sequentially, preferably, from the early stage. From the review, it is evident that, among all the classes of wireless energy transfer, AET is the safest technology to adopt. Thus, it is highly recommended for sensitive area and devices, especially implantable devices. Though, the efficiency for relatively long distances (i.e., &gt;30 mm) is less than that of inductive or capacitive power transfer; however, the trade-off between safety considerations and performances is highly suitable and better than others. From the presented statistics, it is evident that AET is capable of transmitting 1.068 kW and 5.4 W of energy through wall and in-body medium (implants), respectively. Progressively, the AET efficiency can reach up to 88% in extension to 8.6 m separation distance which is even superior to that of inductive and capacitive power transfer.
Bistability and Non-Gaussian Fluctuations in Spontaneous Cortical Activity (2009)

The brain is widely assumed to be a paradigmatic example of a complex, self-organizing system. As such, it should exhibit the classic hallmarks of nonlinearity, multistability, and "nondiffusivity" (large coherent fluctuations). Surprisingly, at least at the very large scale of neocortical dynamics, there is little empirical evidence to support this, and hence most computational and methodological frameworks for healthy brain activity have proceeded very reasonably from a purely linear and diffusive perspective. By studying the temporal fluctuations of power in human resting-state electroencephalograms, we show that, although these simple properties may hold true at some temporal scales, there is strong evidence for bistability and nondiffusivity in key brain rhythms. Bistability is manifest as nonclassic bursting between high-and low-amplitude modes in the alpha rhythm. Nondiffusivity is expressed through the irregular appearance of high amplitude "extremal" events in beta rhythm power fluctuations. The statistical robustness of these observations was confirmed through comparison with Gaussian-rendered phase-randomized surrogate data. Although there is a good conceptual framework for understanding bistability in cortical dynamics, the implications of the extremal events challenge existing frameworks for understanding large-scale brain systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Uncatalyzed Diels‐Alder Reaction of Imines with Bis(phenylsulfonyl)‐Substituted Dienes. (1990)

Abstract The cycloaddition reaction of the 2,3‐bis(arylsulfonyl)‐substituted butadienes (I) with the arylimines (II) yields the rearranged products (III).
Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality in Combined vs. Staged Approaches to Carotid and Coronary Revascularization (1996)

Between 1986 and 1994 we identified 57 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the same hospitalization. Simultaneous CABG and CEA was performed in 28 patients (mean age 70.5 years, 58% male). Indications for CABG in these patients were myocardial infarction in two crescendo angina in 19, congestive heart failure in two and left main or triple-vessel coronary artery disease noted during carotid preoperative evaluation in five. Indications for CEA were transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 12, crescendo TIA in six, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in five, and asymptomatic stenosis in five. There were no postoperative myocardial infarctions or perioperative deaths. Two patients developed atrial fibrillation, and four patients had CVAs (two were ipsilateral to the side of CEA). Twenty-nine patients underwent staged procedures (i.e., not performed concomitantly but during the same hospitalization). Indications for CABG and CEA were comparable to those in the group undergoing simultaneous procedures. In 17 patients CEA was performed before CABG. There was a single CVA, the result of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Five of the 17 patients had a myocardial infarction and two died; one patient had first-degree heart block requiring a pacemaker. Four additional patients developed atrial fibrillation, one of whom required cardioversion. The remaining 12 patients had CABG followed by CEA. There were no CVAs, myocardial infarctions, arrhythmias, or deaths in this subgroup. These data demonstrate that the performance of simultaneous CABG and CEA procedures is associated with increased neurologic morbidity (14.3%), both ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of carotid surgery in contrast to staged CABG and CEA (3.4%). In addition, when staged carotid surgery preceded coronary revascularization in those with severe coronary artery disease, the combined cardiac complication and mortality rate was significantly higher than when coronary revascularization preceded CEA. This evidence suggests that when CABG and CEA must be performed during the same hospitalization, the procedures should be staged with CABG preceding CEA.
Mice Lacking Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D Display a Mild Vascular Phenotype (2016)

Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) is the most recently discovered member of the PDGF family. PDGF-D signals through PDGF receptor β, but its biological role remains largely unknown. In contrast to other members of the PDGF family of growth factors, which have been extensively investigated using different knockout approaches in mice, PDGF-D has until now not been characterized by gene inactivation in mice. Here, we present the phenotype of a constitutive Pdgfd knockout mouse model (Pdgfd-/-), carrying a LacZ reporter used to visualize Pdgfd promoter activity. Inactivation of the Pdgfd gene resulted in a mild phenotype in C57BL/6 mice, and the offspring was viable, fertile and generally in good health. We show that Pdgfd reporter gene activity was consistently localized to vascular structures in both postnatal and adult tissues. The expression was predominantly arterial, often localizing to vascular bifurcations. Endothelial cells appeared to be the dominating source for Pdgfd, but reporter gene activity was occasionally also found in subpopulations of mural cells. Tissue-specific analyses of vascular structures revealed that NG2-expressing pericytes of the cardiac vasculature were disorganized in Pdgfd-/- mice. Furthermore, Pdgfd-/- mice also had a slightly elevated blood pressure. In summary, the vascular expression pattern together with morphological changes in NG2-expressing cells, and the increase in blood pressure, support a function for PDGF-D in regulating systemic arterial blood pressure, and suggests a role in maintaining vascular homeostasis.