gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D-Split SRAM: Enabling Generational Gains in Advanced CMOS (2021)

3D integration technologies are becoming increasingly viable to mitigate the limitations and slowdown in traditional 2D transistor scaling. 3D-Split SRAMs, realized by splitting the bitlines (BL) and/or wordlines (WL) across two or more 3D-arranged tiers, promise improved power/performance due to reduced RC parasitics. However, their feasibility and efficacy depend on the pitch and RC parasitics of the inter-tier BEOL connections (3D-BEOL). In this work, we analyze the impact of 3D-BEOL on the 3D-Split SRAM gains, in a face-to-face (F2F) hybrid wafer bonding 3D integration technology. Two separate approaches for reducing 3D-BEOL parasitics viz (1) M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</sub> -Supervia, & (2) M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</sub> -less 3D-BEOL are proposed. Measurements from 64 Kb 12 nm FinFET SRAM prototype, reconfigured to capture the BL-split and the WL-split 3D SRAM effects, show up to 107 mV lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> as well as ~15% better access-time, equivalent to the performance gains from one technology node dimensional scaling.
Transcriptional Regulation of Apolipoprotein A5 Gene Expression by the Nuclear Receptor RORα (2005)

These findings identify RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 as transcriptional activators of human APOA5 gene expression. These data suggest an additional important physiological role for RORalpha in the regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and probably in the development of atherosclerosis.
Prescribed-Time Mean-Nonovershooting Control under Finite-Time Vanishing Noise (2023)

.We develop a prescribed-time mean-nonovershooting stabilizing feedback law for stochastic nonlinear systems with noise that vanishes in finite time. The prescribed time of stabilization must be strictly after the noise vanishes, but it may occur as early as the user desires after the noise vanishes. In fact, more generally, the feedback is stabilizing and mean-overshoot free for any noise that, given the prescribed time of stabilization, satisfies certain decay rate properties which require, in particular, that no noise component vanish slower than linearly in the "time to go" until the prescribed time. In contrast to the existing stochastic prescribed-time designs where only multiplicative noise is allowed, our design can deal with multiplicative and additive noise simultaneously. A new controller is designed to guarantee that the mean of the system output prescribed time tracks a given trajectory without overshooting, that the fourth moment of the tracking error between states and derivatives of the reference trajectory converges to zero in prescribed time, and that the controller and all of the states are mean-square bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the prescribed-time mean-nonovershooting design.Keywordsprescribed-timemean-nonovershootingmultiplicative and additive noiseMSC codes93E03
General Approach for Reducing Continuous Translational Symmetry Errors in Finite Difference Real-Space Calculations (2020)

We provide a new scheme for representing pseudopotentials on a finite real-space grid, designed to significantly reduce the "egg box" (also known as the "egg carton") effect, <i>i.e</i>., unphysical fluctuations of computed quantities upon real-space translation. Instead of interpolating the electron-ion potential onto the grid, our scheme starts at a reference position and then uses a weighted sum of translation operators to account for the positions of atoms in real space. This results in a nonlocal but banded representation (even for local potentials) which is fully compatible with nonlocal pseudopotential operators. As a demonstration, this scheme is tested in one dimension for three types of potentials: a local pseudopotential, a nonlocal pseudopotential, and a local pseudopotential with self-consistent Hartree and exchange-correlation potentials. This scheme is found to reduce fluctuations of examined quantities by at least three orders of magnitude. The approach requires neither grid adaptation nor pseudopotential modification and can be readily extended to the three-dimensional case.
Recent development in real time control system of Subaru LGSAO-188 (2012)

We report recent development in real-time control system of 188-element Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics for Subaru Telescope (Subaru LGSAO-188). The current status is reported, and plans for improvements to enhance the performance are reported as well. A major item is to invoke the optimum gain control, which is being implemented on the data handling system and to be attached to the real time control system. We also explain about other new features on the control system including general response acquisition system as an expansion of response matrix acquisition system.
l-Prolinal Dithioacetal: A Highly Effective Organocatalyst for the Direct Nitro-Michael Addition to Selected Cyclic and Aromatic Ketones (2019)

The synthesis of novel l-prolinal dithioacetal and its application as an organocatalyst for the direct Michael addition of cyclic ketones and acetophenone derivatives to trans-β-nitrostyrene and related compounds is described. The prolinal dithioacetal acts as effective catalyst in the case of cyclic ketones of different ring size, in particular five- and six-membered examples, as well as larger and smaller ring systems. High enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity is observed for different substrates and trans-β-nitrostyrenes. Also, the first asymmetric syntheses of selected 2-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-diphenylbutan-1-one derivatives by application of the obtained organocatalyst is presented.
Detection and classification of double compressed MP3 audio tracks (2013)

In this paper, a method to detect the presence of double compression in a MP3 audio file is proposed. By exploiting the effect of double compression in the statistical properties of quantized MDCT coefficients, a single measure is derived to decide if a MP3 file is single compressed or it has been double compressed and also to devise the bit-rate of the first compression. Experimental results confirm the performance of the detector, mainly when the bit-rate of the second compression is higher than the bit-rate of the first one.
Some Aspects of the Reaction between Chitosan and Formaldehyde (1983)

Abstract Reactions of chitosan (degree of deacetylation 67%, weight-average molecular weight 850,000) with formaldehyde were performed in a dilute aqueous acetic acid solution at a molar ratio of amino groups of the polymer to HCHO of 0.06:O.1 mol/L and at different temperatures (45, 60, and 75°C). In each case the pH of the reaction mixtures was 3.4 during the experiments. The process was investigated by measuring the kinetic changes of the free formaldehyde concentration and the sum of free formaldehyde and methylol groups produced. No gelation of the reaction product was observed. The experimental results led to the conclusion that the methylol groups formed by the addition of HCHO to chitosan functions take part in some intramolecular reactions with amino and/or hydroxyl groups of chitosan. Initially, the concentration of the resultant methylene bridges grows rapidly and then drops again until an equilibrium is established. This rather unusual decomposition of the methylene links once formed without changing the reaction conditions is accompanied by a substantial growth of the amount of methylol derivative whose concentration at the beginning of the process increased rather slowly.
Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review (2021)

Abstract Free radical polymerizations have been widely used for a variety of applications, including coating, packaging, adhesives, inks and dental materials. However, shrinkage stress in network systems due to volumetric shrinkage during polymerization often results in poor mechanical performance of final materials, often limiting end use. Delaying gelation during polymerization while incorporating functional structure or functionalized groups into the polymer networks may lead to significantly reduced shrinkage stress and, consequently, enhanced thermomechanical properties. In this review, we summarize several practical methods, including thiol–ene radical polymerization, addition–fragmentation chain transfer, controlled radical polymerization, covalent adaptable networks, ring‐opening polymerization and cyclopolymerization, that have shown promise in reducing volumetric shrinkage and associated stress in network‐forming systems. The resulting enhanced (thermo)mechanical material properties of these modified polymers are also introduced. These methods have proven to be powerful tools for fabricating polymers with novel functionality and properties and thereby show potential to expand application of free radical thermoset materials. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Ultra-high sensitive acetylene detection using quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy with a fiber amplified diode laser and a 30.72 kHz quartz tuning fork (2017)

An ultra-high sensitive acetylene (C2H2) Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor based on a high power laser and a quartz tuning fork with a resonance frequency f0 of 30.72 kHz was demonstrated. An erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) amplified distributed feedback diode laser with a center wavelength of 1.53 μm was used as the exciting source. A 33.2 ppb minimum detection limit (MDL) at 6534.37 cm−1 was achieved, and the calculated normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient was 3.54 × 10−8 cm−1 W/√Hz when the laser output power was 1500 mW. The ppb-level detection sensitivity of C2H2 validated the reported QEPAS method.
Relative loudness perception of low and high frequency sounds in the open and occluded ear (2000)

A comparison of published equal loudness contours indicates that different shapes are obtained at a comfortable level when the measurements are done in an occluded ear than when they are done in an open ear, even though all measurements are expressed as dB SPL at the eardrum. This paper presents the result from a loudness balancing test which confirms this observation. Eleven normal-hearing listeners balanced the level of a 500- and a 3000-Hz octave band babble-noise to the level of a 1500-Hz octave band babble-noise. The balancing test was completed in open and occluded ears using a loudspeaker and a hearing aid receiver, respectively. A probe tube microphone was used to measure the actual levels presented near the individual's eardrum. The results show that an average of 10 dB higher level was selected for the 500-Hz octave band when listening with the occluded ear than when listening with the open ear. A large range of factors is discussed, but no physical explanation for the discrepancy was found. The findings could have consequences for psychoacoustic experiments and for the use of loudness measurements for hearing aid prescription.
Asymmetries of the Upper Lip and Nose in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals (1996)

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate post-surgical asymmetries of the upper lip and nose in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals using documentation collected over a period of years. Twenty-three complete unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (UCLP) and 34 noncleft subjects who served as controls and had undergone orthodontic treatment were included in the study. Nasal asymmetry, deviation of the tip of the nose, and the deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border of the upper lip were compared to chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was also assessed. Results indicate that nasal asymmetry peaks at postpubertal growth stages in the control groups, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreases with time and maturation. The deviation of the nasal tip peaks during the pubertal growth spurt for both UCLP and controls, and the difference between UCLP and controls also decreases with time. The deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border shows relatively small change with time and maturation, and there is no significant difference between UCLP and controls. In general, the facial asymmetries studied were not as great as expected, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreased with time, growth, and maturation.
Electrodeposited CuIn(S, Se)2 films for low cost high efficiency solar cell applications: microstructural analysis (2007)

This paper describes the detailed microstructral characterisation of S-rich CuIn(S,Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> absorbers fabricated by single step electrodeposition (ED) of nanocrystalline CuInSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> precursors followed by rapid thermal annealing under sulphurising conditions. This has allowed identifying the main secondary phases in the precursors as elemental Se, CuSe and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Se. The Raman spectra from these precursors also show the presence of Cu-poor OVC domains, which contrasts with the Cu-rich conditions used in the ED growth. This has been related to the presence in the annealed layers of In rich secondary phases, which lead to a slightly Cu poor composition. Moreover, the used sulphurising conditions also lead to the formation of a relatively thick MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer between the absorber and the Mo back contact. The high microcrystalline quality of the layers is likely responsible of the relatively high efficiency value of 11% of the solar cells fabricated with these absorbers.
Hypertonic Preconditioning Alters the Balance of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion (2000)

Oreopolous, G D; Fan, J; Rizoli, S B; YH, Li; Lu, Z; Kapus, A; Rotstein, O D Author Information
Improved Delivery Through Biological Membranes LX: Intradermal Targeting of Acyclovir Using Redox-Based Chemical Drug Delivery Systems (1996)

Two types of novel chemical drug delivery systems (CDS's) for acyclovir, A-CDS-1 (based on oxidation, which utilized the 1,4-dihydrotrigonelline moiety) and A-CDS-2 (based on reduction, which utilized the lipoic acid moiety), were designed to create reservoirs of metabolic precursors for the enhanced local delivery of the antiviral agent acyclovir to the skin. They were evaluated in two-compartment diffusion cells using hairless-mouse skin in vitro. This approach could be useful in the treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection in the epidermal region of the skin. Upon application to the freshly excised hairless-mouse skin, A-CDS-1 was rapidly oxidized to form the quaternary metabolite AQ+, which was extensively localized in the skin. AQ+ then served as a reservoir for the release of the antiviral agent in the skin. A-CDS-1 delivered almost equivalent amounts of acyclovir not only to the skin but also transdermally. On the other hand, A-CDS-2 specifically localized acyclovir delivery to the skin as opposed to transdermal delivery. Due to their redox properties, both CDS's demonstrated significant depot formation of metabolic precursors, thus enhancing intradermal acyclovir delivery. The CDS's exhibited greater skin membrane partition coefficients than the parent underivatized acyclovir and were able to release the antiviral agent in the skin tissue. The CDS's were susceptible to hydrolysis in biological media, resulting in the release of acyclovir under near physiological conditions. Thus, the CDS's can serve to enhance intradermal targeting and delivery of the antiviral agent acyclovir.
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) based Location-to-Service Translation Protocol (LoST) Discovery Procedure (2006)

The Location-to-Service Translation Protocol (LoST) describes an XML-
based protocol for mapping service identifiers and geospatial or civic
location information to service contact Uniform Resource Locators
(URLs). LoST servers can be located anywhere but a placement closer to
the end host, e.g., in the access network, is desireable. Such a LoST
server placement provides benefits in disaster situations with
intermittent network connectivity regarding the resiliency of
emergency service communication. This document describes how a LoST
client can discover a LoST server using the Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP).
Separation of sperm and vaginal cells with flow cytometry for DNA typing after sexual assault (1999)

We were able to show that separation of sperm and vaginal cells using cell sorting with flow cytometry may be crucial when there are only microtraces of sperm detectable after rape.
Ab InitioStudy of Phase Equilibria inTiCx (2001)

The phase diagram for the vacancy-ordered structures in the substoichiometric TiC(x) (x = 0.5-1.0) has been established from Monte Carlo simulations with the long-range pair and multisite effective interactions obtained from ab initio calculations. Three ordered superstructures of vacancies (Ti(2)C, Ti(3)C(2), and Ti(6)C(5)) are found to be ground state configurations. Their stability has been verified by full-potential total energy calculations of the fully relaxed structures.
Aggressive breast cancer in western Kenya has early onset, high proliferation, and immune cell infiltration (2016)

Abstract Background Breast cancer incidence and mortality vary significantly among different nations and racial groups. African nations have the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the world, even though the incidence rates are below those of many nations. Differences in disease progression suggest that aggressive breast tumors may harbor a unique molecular signature to promote disease progression. However, few studies have investigated the pathology and clinical markers expressed in breast tissue from regional African patient populations. Methods We collected 68 malignant and 89 non-cancerous samples from Kenyan breast tissue. To characterize the tumors from these patients, we constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from these tissues. Sections from these TMAs were stained and analyzed using immunohistochemistry to detect clinical breast cancer markers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) status, Ki67, and immune cell markers. Results Thirty-three percent of the tumors were triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-), 59Â % were ER+, and almost all tumors analyzed were HER2-. Seven percent of the breast cancer patients were male, and 30Â % were &lt;40Â years old at diagnosis. Cancer tissue had increased immune cell infiltration with recruitment of CD163+ (M2 macrophage), CD25+ (regulatory T lymphocyte), and CD4+ (T helper) cells compared to non-cancer tissue. Conclusions We identified clinical biomarkers that may assist in identifying therapy strategies for breast cancer patients in western Kenya. Estrogen receptor status in particular should lead initial treatment strategies in these breast cancer patients. Increased CD25 expression suggests a need for additional treatment strategies designed to overcome immune suppression by CD25+ cells in order to promote the antitumor activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.
Pyrolysis‐GC Analysis as an Identification Method of Fats and Oils (1985)

ABSTRACT Pyrolysis at 700°C for 10 set under N 2 gas and 360 mm Hg partial pressure of 18 fats and oils (including oils of the same type but from different sources or varieties), and subsequent GC analysis of the pyrolyzates, revealed differences in both the number and quantities of compounds produced. Statistical analysis of the data showed that all of these fats and oils were distinguishable from one another; moreover, varieties of the same lipid could also be differentiated. This technique requires only microgram quantities of the oil or fat to be analyzed, and the direct pyrolysis and GC analysis gives a “fingerprint” program that differentiates the lipid from others.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Resembling the Streptococcus suis Serotype 18 Capsular Polysaccharide as a Basis for Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development (2022)

Here we report the first total synthesis of several oligosaccharides resembling the capsular polysaccharide of swine pathogen <i>S. suis</i> serotype 18 repeating unit [→3)-d-GalNAc(α1-3)[d-Glc(β1-2)]-d-GalA4OAc(β1-3)-d-GalNAc(α1-3)-d-BacNAc4NAc(α1→]<sub><i>n</i></sub>. Access to the pentasaccharide repeating unit antigen proved to be very challenging due to the poor reactivity in the context of the trisaccharide. The challenge was overcome by the creation of a galacturonic acid in a late stage of the synthesis.
Application of lattice Boltzmann method to simulate microchannel flows (2002)

Microflow has become a popular field of interest due to the advent of microelectromechanical systems. In this work, the lattice Boltzmann method, a particle-based approach, is applied to simulate the two-dimensional isothermal pressure driven microchannel flow. Two boundary treatment schemes are incorporated to investigate their impacts to the entire flow field. We pay particular attention to the pressure and the slip velocity distributions along the channel in our simulation. We also look at the mass flow rate which is constant throughout the channel and the overall average velocity for the pressure-driven flow. In addition, we include a simulation of shear-driven flow in our results for verification. Our numerical results compare well with those obtained analytically and experimentally. From this study, we may conclude that the lattice Boltzmann method is an efficient approach for simulation of microflows.
Suppression of histamine‐induced tachypnoea in the rhesus monkey by sibenadet: no role for dopamine D2 receptors (2004)

1. Sibenadet (Viozan), a dual dopamine D(2)/beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, suppresses histamine-induced tachypnoea in the dog by activating dopamine D(2) receptors. We here compare the effects of sibenadet and formoterol, a selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, on histamine-induced tachypnoea in the rhesus monkey. 2. Anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing, rhesus monkeys were set up for measuring airways resistance, respiratory rate, blood pressure and heart rate. 3. Both sibenadet and formoterol administered by aerosol, induced inhibition of the bronchoconstrictor response to aerosolized methacholine accompanied by tachycardia. Sibenadet, but not formoterol, also reduced blood pressure. 4. Administration of histamine by inhalation induced tachypnoea which was accompanied by bronchoconstriction. Tachypnoea to histamine was suppressed by both sibenadet and formoterol at doses which manifest anti-bronchoconstrictor activity. These effects and the accompanying tachycardia but not the hypotension induced by sibenadet were abolished by pretreatment with propranolol. 5. The dopamine D(2) receptor agonist, quinagolide, did not suppress tachypnoea to histamine despite inducing a fall in blood pressure indicating activation of dopamine D(2) receptors. 6. Thus, both sibenadet and formoterol suppress histamine-evoked tachypnoea in the rhesus monkey. The effect arises exclusively through activation of beta(2)-adrenoceptors and probably reflects the anti-bronchoconstrictor effects of these agents. The results reveal a fundamental difference in the role of dopamine receptors in the airways of dog and rhesus monkey.