gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact active hyperspectral imaging system for the detection of concealed targets (1999)

We have recently conducted a series of laboratory and field test to demonstrate the utility of combining active illumination with hyperspectral imaging for the detection of concealed targets in natural terrain. The active illuminator, developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, is a novel microlaser-pumped fiber Raman source that provides high- brightness, subnanosecond-pulse-length output spanning the visible through near-IR spectral range. The hyperspectral- imaging system is comprised of a compact, grating-based spectrometer that uses a gateable, intensified CCD array as the detector element. The illuminator and hyperspectral imaging system are mounted on a small platform that is itself mounted on a tripod and scanned in azimuth to build an image scene of up to several hundred spectral bands. The system has been deployed under a variety of environmental conditions, including night-time illumination, and on a variety of target scenes, including exposed and concealed plastic and metallic mine-like targets. Targets have been detected and identified on the basis of spectral reflectance, fluorescence signatures, degree of polarization, and range-to-target information. The combination of laser-like broadband illumination and hyperspectral imaging offers great promise in concealed or obscured target detection. On-going developments include the incorporation of broadband illuminators in the 1 to 2 micrometers and 3 to 5 micrometers spectral bands, with corresponding increases in spectral coverage of the imaging and detection systems.
Virtual 3D City Models as Foundation of Complex Urban Information Spaces (2007)

Virtual 3D city models represent spatial and geo-referenced urban data by means of 3D geovirtual environments that basically include terrain models, building models, vegetation models as well as models of roads and transportation systems. In general, these models serve to present, explore, analyze, and manage urban data. As a characteristic element, virtual 3D city models allow for visually integrating heterogeneous geoinformation within a single framework and, therefore, create and manage complex urban information spaces.
Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis (2023)

Identifying the characteristics of fallers is important for preventing falls because such events may reduce quality of life. It has been reported that several variables related to foot positions and angles during gait (e.g., sagittal foot angle and minimum toe clearance) differ between fallers and non-fallers. However, examining such representative discrete variables may not be sufficient to detect crucial information, which may be contained in the large portions of unanalyzed data. Therefore, we aimed to identify the comprehensive characteristics of foot position and angle during the swing phase of gait in non-fallers and fallers using principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty non-fallers and 30 fallers were recruited for this study. We performed PCA to reduce the dimensions of foot positions and angles during the swing phase and obtained principal component scores (PCSs) for each principal component vector (PCV), which were then compared between groups. The results revealed that the PCS of PCV3 in fallers was significantly larger than that in non-fallers (<i>p</i> = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.80). We reconstructed waveforms of foot positions and angles during the swing phase using PCV3 and our main findings can be summarized as follows. Compared to non-fallers, fallers have a 1) low average foot position in the <i>z</i>-axis (i.e., height) during the initial swing phase 2) small average foot angle in the <i>x</i>-axis (i.e., rotation in the sagittal plane), during the initial swing phase, and 3) large variability in foot position in the <i>y</i>-axis (i.e., anterior/posterior position) during the initial swing phase. We can conclude that these are characteristics of gait related to fallers. Therefore, our findings may be beneficial for evaluating fall risk during gait using a device such as a shoe- or insole-embedded inertial measurement unit.
Expression von 4F2-Aktivierungs-Antigen im Mittelohrcholesteatom (1993)

Cholesteatoma consists of a keratinising squamous epithelium in the middle ear cavity. The human 4F2 antigen appears at the end of the phase G0 and at the beginning of the phase G1, remaining detectable throughout mitosis. This antigen is therefore considered to be an activation marker. In this study the presence and distribution of 4F2 in the cholesteatoma epithelium was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and the alkaline-phosphatase-anti-alkaline-phosphatase method. Normal skin showed positive immunostaining exclusively in the basal keratinocytes. In contrast, all cholesteatomas showed a suprabasal expression of the 4F2 antigen. The results confirm the hyperproliferative character of cholesteatoma epithelium.
Continuously Pumped YAG:Nd Scanlaser with Intracavity Plzt-Based Spatial-Time Light Modulator (1998)

Intracavity electrically-controlled scanning of laser radiation direction is a promising method of the non-mechanic laser beam sending to the given space point. In paper [1,2] the application PLZT-based electrically-controlled spatial-time light modulator (STLM) for scanning of the YAG:Nd laser and Cu vapor laser radiation was given for the first time.
Changes in Bacterial Enzyme Patterns, Drug Susceptibility and Chemotherapy Through Enzyme Blocking Agents (1962)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1962Changes in Bacterial Enzyme Patterns, Drug Susceptibility and Chemotherapy Through Enzyme Blocking Agents H. Seneca, J.K. Lattimer, H.H. Zinsser, J.T. Donovan, P. Peer, and P.H. Stuart H. SenecaH. Seneca More articles by this author , J.K. LattimerJ.K. Lattimer More articles by this author , H.H. ZinsserH.H. Zinsser More articles by this author , J.T. DonovanJ.T. Donovan More articles by this author , P. PeerP. Peer More articles by this author , and P.H. StuartP.H. Stuart More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)64987-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1962 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 87Issue 3March 1962Page: 495-498 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1962 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information H. Seneca More articles by this author J.K. Lattimer More articles by this author H.H. Zinsser More articles by this author J.T. Donovan More articles by this author P. Peer More articles by this author P.H. Stuart More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Treatment of nude mice with 4-amidinoindan-1-one2???-amidinohydrazone, a new S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor, delays growth and inhibits metastasis of human melanoma cells (1995)

CGP 48664A (4-amidinoindan-1-one2'-amidinohydrazone) is a novel inhibitor of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are themselves essential for proliferation of mammalian cells. Seven different human melanoma cell lines were treated in vitro with CGP 48664A. High, intermediate and low levels of cytostasis were induced in four, one and two melanoma lines, respectively. This cytostasis was reversed by the addition of exogenous spermidine or spermine to the culture medium. The heterogeneous low metastatic (CGP 48664A-resistant) A375P cells and highly metastatic (CGP 48664A-sensitive) A375SM cells were implanted into the subcutis or injected intravenously into nude mice. Systemic daily administration of CGP 48664A significantly reduced the size of cutaneous lesions and the number of lung metastases in mice implanted with A375SM cells. No beneficial effects were found in mice injected with A375P cells. Drug activity was dose dependent, and maximal effects were observed when treatment began in mice with small tumour burdens. The data suggest that CGP 48664A is effective against melanoma metastasis in nude mice and that its activity should be tested in combination with other cytoreductive agents.
Arraying glycomics: a novel bi-functional spacer for one-step microscale derivatization of free reducing glycans (2006)

Glycan array development is limited by the complexity of efficiently generating derivatives of free reducing glycans with primary amines or other functional groups. A novel bi-functional spacer with selective reactivity toward the free glycan and a second functionality, a primary amine, was synthesized. We demonstrated an efficient one-step derivatization of various glycans including naturally isolated N-glycans, O-glycans, milk oligosaccharides, and bacterial polysaccharides in microgram scale. No protecting group manipulations or activation of the anomeric center was required. To demonstrate its utility for glycan microarray fabrication, we compared glycans with different amine-spacers for incorporation onto an amine-reactive glass surface. Our study results revealed that glycans conjugated with this bi-functional linker were effectively printed and detected with various lectins and antibodies.
Review of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of the ground-based GNSS meteorology in Europe (2016)

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionised positioning, navigation, and timing, becoming a common part of our everyday life. Aside from these well-known civilian and commercial applications, GNSS is now an established atmospheric observing system, which can accurately sense water vapour, the most abundant greenhouse gas, accounting for 60–70 % of atmospheric warming. In Europe, the application of GNSS in meteorology started roughly two decades ago and today it is a well-established research field. This review covers the state-of-the-art in GNSS meteorology in Europe. Discussed are the advances in GNSS processing for derivation of tropospheric products, application of GNSS tropospheric products in operational weather prediction and application of GNSS tropospheric products for climate monitoring. Reviewed are the GNSS processing techniques and tropospheric products. Given is a summary of the use of the products for validation and impact studies with operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models as well as very short weather prediction (nowcasting) case studies. Climate research with GNSS is an emerging field of research, the studies so far have been limited to comparison with the climate models and derivation of trends. More than 15 years of GNSS meteorology in Europe has already achieved outstanding cooperation between the atmospheric and geodetic communities. It is now feasible to develop next-generation GNSS tropospheric products and applications that can enhance the quality of weather forecasts and climate monitoring. This work is carried out within COST Action ES1206 "Advanced Global Navigation Satellite Systems tropospheric products for monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate" (GNSS4SWEC, http://gnss4swec.knmi.nl ).
Continuous flow multi-step organic synthesis (2010)

Using continuous flow techniques for multi-step synthesis enables multiple reaction steps to be combined into a single continuous operation. In this mini-review we discuss the current state of the art in this field and highlight recent progress and current challenges facing this emerging area.
Hydroxyl-Group Identification Using O K-Edge XAFS in Porous Glass Fabricated by Hydrothermal Reaction and Low-Temperature Foaming (2019)

Porous glass was prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of sodium borosilicate glass, and oxygen-ion characterization was used to identify the hydroxyl groups in its surface area. A substantial amount of "water" was introduced into the ionic structure as either OH<sup>-</sup> groups or H<sub>2</sub>O molecules through the hydrothermal reaction. When the hydrothermally treated glass was reheated at normal pressures, a porous structure was formed due to the low-temperature foaming resulting from the evaporation of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules and softening of the glass. Although it was expected that the OH<sup>-</sup> groups would remain in the porous glass, their distribution required clarification. Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy enables the bonding states of oxygen ions in the surface area and interior to be characterized using the electron yield (EY) and fluorescence yield (FY) mode, respectively. The presence of OH<sup>-</sup> groups was detected in the O K-edge XAFS spectrum of the porous glass prepared by hydrothermal reaction with a corresponding pre-edge peak energy of 533.1 eV. In addition, comparison of the XAFS spectra obtained in the EY and FY modes revealed that the OH<sup>-</sup> groups were mainly distributed in the surface area (depths of several tens of nanometers).
Resonator networks for factoring distributed representations of data structures (2020)

The ability to encode and manipulate data structures with distributed neural representations could qualitatively enhance the capabilities of traditional neural networks by supporting rule-based symbolic reasoning, a central property of cognition. Here we show how this may be accomplished within the framework of Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSA) (Plate, 1991; Gayler, 1998; Kanerva, 1996), whereby data structures are encoded by combining high-dimensional vectors with operations that together form an algebra on the space of distributed representations. In particular, we propose an efficient solution to a hard combinatorial search problem that arises when decoding elements of a VSA data structure: the factorization of products of multiple code vectors. Our proposed algorithm, called a resonator network, is a new type of recurrent neural network that interleaves VSA multiplication operations and pattern completion. We show in two examples -- parsing of a tree-like data structure and parsing of a visual scene -- how the factorization problem arises and how the resonator network can solve it. More broadly, resonator networks open the possibility to apply VSAs to myriad artificial intelligence problems in real-world domains. A companion paper (Kent et al., 2020) presents a rigorous analysis and evaluation of the performance of resonator networks, showing it out-performs alternative approaches.
The conditions which determine the composition of electrodeposited alloys (1910)

S. Field, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1910, 6, 1 DOI: 10.1039/TF9100600001
Stand-off non-destructive determination of protein level in wheat flour with a super-continuum laser (2020)

We demonstrate an all-fiber super-continuum (SC) laser based near infrared (1160nm to 2350nm) spectroscopy system that is capable of measuring protein (gluten) levels in wheat flour, at a stand-off distance. We show that reflectance spectrum between 1160nm and 2350nm can be used to measure protein levels in wheat flour. The measured protein concentration with the partial least square regression shows a good linear correlation (R square &gt;0.95) to the protein level measured by the Dumas method with standard error variance down to 0.5 percent. Our system could be used for non-destructive, real-time determination of the protein level of wheat flour at a stand-off distance in industrial settings such as food factories or flour milling plants.
Serum S100B as a marker of brain damage in the trauma intensive care unit (2002)

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a Brazilian ICU.
Synthesis, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Antioxidant Study on Novel Carba-Analogs of Vitamin E (2019)

Vitamin E is the most active natural lipophilic antioxidant with a broad spectrum of biological activity. α-Tocopherol (α-T), the main representative of the vitamin E family, is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation as a chain-breaking antioxidant. Antioxidant and antiradical properties of vitamin E result from the presence of a phenolic hydroxyl group at the C-6 position. Due to stereoelectronic effects in the dihydropyranyl ring, the dissociation enthalpy for phenolic O-H bond (BDE<sub>OH</sub>) is reduced. The high chain-breaking reactivity of α-T is mainly attributed to orbital overlapping of the 2p-type lone pair on the oxygen atom (O1) in para position to the phenolic group, and the aromatic π-electron system. The influence of the O1 atom on the antioxidant activity of vitamin E was estimated quantitatively. The all<i>-rac-</i>1-carba-α-tocopherol was synthesized for the first time. Along with model compounds, 1-carba-analog of Trolox and its methyl ester were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity by inhibition of styrene oxidation, and for the radical-reducing properties by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging assay. To study the antioxidant activity, density functional theory (DFT) was also applied. Reaction enthalpies related to HAT (hydrogen atom transfer), SET-PT (sequential electron transfer-proton transfer), and SPLET (sequential proton loss-electron transfer) mechanisms were calculated.
Can 111indium autologous mixed leucocyte scanning accurately assess disease extent and activity in Crohn's disease? (1988)

111Indium autologous mixed leucocyte scanning has recently been used for the investigation of Crohn's disease. Nineteen patients had indium scans to assess disease extent and activity. The scans were compared with conventional imaging techniques and indices of disease activity including clinical scores, ESR, CRP, and GI protein loss. In five patients with active disease the scans were negative and overall there was poor correlation between the scan scores and the other indices of disease activity. Indium scanning correctly located extent of disease in only 58% of patients. 111Indium mixed leucocyte scanning may be more suited for the assessment of disease extent and activity in severely ill patients with Crohn's disease.
Modeling the effects of a posterior glottal opening on vocal fold dynamics with implications for vocal hyperfunction (2014)

Despite the frequent observation of a persistent opening in the posterior cartilaginous glottis in normal and pathological phonation, its influence on the self-sustained oscillations of the vocal folds is not well understood. The effects of a posterior gap on the vocal fold tissue dynamics and resulting acoustics were numerically investigated using a specially designed flow solver and a reduced-order model of human phonation. The inclusion of posterior gap areas of 0.03-0.1 cm(2) reduced the energy transfer from the fluid to the vocal folds by more than 42%-80% and the radiated sound pressure level by 6-14 dB, respectively. The model was used to simulate vocal hyperfucntion, i.e., patterns of vocal misuse/abuse associated with many of the most common voice disorders. In this first approximation, vocal hyperfunction was modeled by introducing a compensatory increase in lung air pressure to regain the vocal loudness level that was produced prior to introducing a large glottal gap. This resulted in a significant increase in maximum flow declination rate and amplitude of unsteady flow, thereby mimicking clinical studies. The amplitude of unsteady flow was found to be linearly correlated with collision forces, thus being an indicative measure of vocal hyperfunction.
Effect of core modification in star-shaped donor-acceptor oligomers on physical properties and photovoltaic performance (2017)

A series of star-shaped donor-acceptor oligomers having alkyldicyanovinyl fragments as electron-withdrawing groups, 2,2′-bithiophene as a conjugated &pi;-bridge and either triphenylamine or its modified analogs (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole derivatives or <i>tris</i>(2-methoxyphenyl)amine as electron-donating cores was designed, synthesized and investigated. Variation of the chemical nature of the donor core allowed elucidating the structure-properties relationships for their solubility, absorption spectra, electrochemistry, phase behavior as well as photovoltaic performance in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells as donor materials in their mixtures with PC<sub>70</sub>BM. The star-shaped molecules based on triphenylamine and <i>tris</i>(2-methoxyphenyl)amine cores have reduced bandgaps, which leads to more efficient absorption of the sun light and better photovoltaic performance.
Doxorubicin as a Molecular Nanotheranostic Agent: Effect of Doxorubicin Encapsulation in Micelles or Nanoemulsions on the Ultrasound-Mediated Intracellular Delivery and Nuclear Trafficking (2010)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and is a popular research tool due to the inherent fluorescence of the DOX molecule. After DOX injection, fluorescence imaging of organs or cells can provide information on drug biodistribution. Therapeutic and imaging capabilities combined in a DOX molecule make it an excellent theranostic agent. However, DOX fluorescence depends on a number of factors that should be taken into consideration when interpreting results of DOX fluorescence measurements. Discussing these problems is the main thrust of the current paper. The sensitivity of DOX fluorescence intensity to DOX concentration, local microenvironment, and interaction with model cellular components is illustrated by fluorescence spectra of paired DOX/phospholipid, DOX/histone, DOX/DNA, and triple DOX/histone/DNA and DOX/phospholipid/DNA systems. DOX fluorescence is dramatically quenched upon intercalation into the DNA; DOX fluorescence is also self-quenched at high concentrations of molecularly dissolved DOX; in contrast, DOX fluorescence is increased after binding to the histone or partitioning into the phospholipid phase of PEG-phospholipid micelles or hydrophobic cores of polymeric micelles. While flow cytometry is commonly used for characterization of DOX intracellular uptake, the above aspects of DOX fluorescence may significantly complicate interpretation of flow cytometry results. High cell fluorescence measured by flow cytometry may provide deceptive information on the actual intracellular DOX concentration and may not correlate with the therapeutic efficacy if DOX does not penetrate into the site of action in cell nuclei. These problems are illustrated in the experiments on the intracellular trafficking of DOX encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-co-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) micelles or PEG-PCL stabilized perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, with and without the application of ultrasound used as an external trigger. For efficient encapsulation in micelle cores, DOX is usually deprotonated, which removes the positive charge and enhances hydrophobicity of DOX molecule. It was found that the deprotonated DOX accumulated in the cell cytoplasm but did not penetrate into the cell nuclei. The same was true for the DOX encapsulated in micelles or nanodroplets, which may explain their low therapeutic efficacy in the absence of ultrasound. Ultrasound triggers DOX trafficking into the cell nuclei, which is especially pronounced in the presence of nanoemulsions that convert into microbubbles under the ultrasound action. Microbubble cavitation results in the transient permeabilization of both plasma and nuclear membranes, thus allowing DOX penetration into the cell nuclei, which dramatically enhances therapeutic efficacy of DOX-loaded nanodroplet systems.