gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizzo di compost per il recupero di suoli contaminati: caratterizzazione chimico-fisica della sostanza organica (2005)

Le sostanze umiche (SU) sono macromolecole coinvolte in numerosi processi chimici e biochimici di notevole importanza per la fertilità dei suoli e per gli equilibri ambientali. In particolare, le SU del suolo risultano, di norma, maggiormente recalcitranti ai processi di mineralizzazione anche rispetto alle biomasse stabilizzate. Ciò implica da una parte una minore emissione di anidride carbonica in atmosfera e dall’altra un rilascio graduale di elementi nutritivi con enormi benefici agronomici e ambientali. L’addizione di materiali organici di scarto e di riciclo (biomasse) maturati e/o compostati a suoli intensamente coltivati ovvero a suoli e siti contaminati, in particolare da xenobiotici organici (per es. IPA, PCB, AOX, LAS) per facilitarne i processi di degradazione, è diventata una pratica molto utilizzata. Per poter comprendere meglio le dinamiche in cui sono coinvolte nel suolo, è importante ottenere informazioni sulla natura chimica e sulla struttura delle SU del suolo e delle biomasse utilizzate come ammendanti. &#13;\nLo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di caratterizzare, dal punto di vista chimico e strutturale, la componente organica di alcuni siti provenienti da aree di recupero contaminate e dei compost utilizzati per il loro recupero. I suoli presi in esame provenivano da tre siti in provincia di Milano: 1) da una ex area industriale, 2) da una ex cava di materiale litico per edilizia e 3) da una ex discarica di RSU. Sono stati utilizzati, come ammendanti, due compost di diversa provenienza: uno per i siti 1 e 2, il secondo per l’ex discarica di RSU. La sostanza organica dei suoli e dei compost è stata estratta e frazionata con i metodi classici. Sulle frazioni di acidi umici (HA) e fulvici (FA), oltre alla determinazione di alcuni indici di umificazione, sono stati caratterizzati utilizzando la potenziometria (titolazioni acido-base), l’analisi termica (TG-DTA) e la spettroscopia IR.&#13;\nI risultati hanno mostrato un generale incremento e un miglioramento della frazione umica del suolo nei campioni ammendati. In particolare, dopo l’ammendamento con compost, l’analisi termica ha rivelato una diminuzione del primo picco exo (decarbossilazione) e un aumento del secondo exo (rottura composti aromatici), da attribuire alla presenza di sostanza organica più stabile. L’analisi potenziometrica ha confermato la diminuzione del contenuto di acidi carbossilici dopo il trattamento del suolo. Gli spettri Drift hanno evidenziato che i trattamenti hanno modificato la struttura della frazione umica del suolo, in stretta correlazione alle caratteristiche del tipo di compost impiegato.
Trans-cranial infrared laser stimulation induces hemodynamic and metabolic response measured by broadband near infrared spectroscopy in vivo on human forehead (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) uses infrared light (lasers or LEDs) for nondestructive and non-thermal photobiomodulation on the human brain. Although TILS has shown its beneficial effects to a variety of neurological and psychological conditions, its physiological mechanism remains unknown. Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), the last enzyme in the electron transportation chain, is proposed to be the primary photoacceptor of this infrared laser. In this study, we wish to validate this proposed mechanism. We applied 8 minutes in vivo TILS on the right forehead of 11 human participants with a 1064-nm laser. Broad-band near infrared spectroscopy (bb-NIRS) from 740-900nm was also employed near the TILS site to monitor hemodynamic and metabolic responses during the stimulation and 5-minute recovery period. For rigorous comparison, we also performed similar 8-min bb-NIR measurements under placebo conditions. A multi-linear regression analysis based on the modified Beer-Lambert law was performed to estimate concentration changes of oxy-hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]), deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[Hb]), and cytochrome-c-oxidase (Δ[CCO]). We found that TILS induced significant increases of [CCO], [HbO] and a decrease of [Hb] with dose-dependent manner as compared with placebo treatments. Furthermore, strong linear relationships or interplays between [CCO] versus [HbO] and [CCO] versus [Hb] induced by TILS were observed in vivo for the first time. These relationships have clearly revealed close coupling/relationship between the hemodynamic oxygen supply and blood volume versus up-regulation of CCO induced by photobiomodulation. Our results demonstrate the tremendous potential of bb-NIRS as a non-invasive in vivo means to study photobiomodulation mechanisms and perform treatment evaluations of TILS.
Quercus infectoria gall extracts reduce quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors production and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from burn wounds (2019)

The obtained results indicated that extracts of Q. infectoria galls fight infections either by their inhibitory constituents, which vigorously eradicate cells or by disruption of the pathogens quorum sensing system through weakening the virulence and bacterial coordination.
Anomalous scaling of spin accumulation in ferromagnetic tunnel devices with silicon and germanium (2014)

The magnitude of spin accumulation created in semiconductors by electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from a ferromagnetic tunnel contact is investigated, focusing on how the spin signal detected in a Hanle measurement varies with the thickness of the tunnel oxide. An extensive set of spin-transport data for Si and Ge magnetic tunnel devices reveals a scaling with the tunnel resistance that violates the core feature of available theories, namely, the linear proportionality of the spin voltage to the injected spin current density. Instead, an anomalous scaling of the spin signal with the tunnel resistance is observed, following a power law with an exponent between 0.75 and 1 over 6 decades. The scaling extends to tunnel resistance values larger than 10${}^{9}$ $\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$, far beyond the regime where the classical impedance mismatch or back flow into the ferromagnet play a role. This scaling is incompatible with existing theory for direct tunnel injection of spins into the semiconductor. It also demonstrates conclusively that the large spin signal does not originate from two-step tunneling via localized states near the oxide/semiconductor interface. Control experiments show that spin accumulation in localized states within the tunnel barrier or artifacts are also not responsible. Altogether, the scaling results suggest that, contrary to all existing descriptions, the spin signal is proportional to the applied bias voltage, rather than the (spin) current.
Error evaluation of C-V characteristic measurements in ultra-thin gate dielectrics (2004)

The errors of Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characteristic measurements for ultra-thin gate dielectrics in MOS capacitor were studied by I-V method. It was found that there are two reasons for the errors at low measurement frequencies: (1) the deviation of the phase angle of measured impedance, which causes apparent "Negative capacitance" that is inversely proportional to the measurement frequency. (2) AC-response in non-Ohmic conducting materials that form MOS capacitors, which may result in "Negative" or "Excess" capacitance. It was also found that the errors due to phase angle inaccuracy could be eliminated both by the phase rotation correction of the impedance and by measurements at higher frequencies. The errors due to non-Ohmic conduction should be avoided by measurements of MOS-capacitors with small gate areas and low parasitic AC-impedance.
The New Scope of Frictionless Triaxial Apparatus—Disturbed Sand Testing (2018)

Abstract Offshore wind turbine foundations episodically lose and recover stiffness as soil is disturbed during extreme events. Such sand behavior is not accounted for during standard testing procedures. Therefore, the following novel dynamic triaxial testing procedure is explored in this study: specimens are loaded past their peak strength and pulled back to initial length, where attempts to recover their initial stiffness are made by applying more loading cycles. This fundamentally changes how we view our specimens—they are no longer fragile and brittle. Instead, specimens can be axially compressed and pulled back to initial length many times as long as shear rupture and bulging are circumvented. Novel testing procedures were attempted using a frictionless triaxial apparatus. Frictionless triaxial is not itself a new concept, but the novel procedures revealed previously undocumented testing capabilities: (1) Multistage testing, wherein sand specimens can be liquefied (undrained), drained, and reliquefied (undrained again) many times, in one sequence, on one specimen; (2) Specimens can be compressed to large axial strain (15 % strain or more) and pulled back to initial length more than once. In the process, peak yield strength can be measured more than once at more than one density, all while using one specimen.
Enhancement of laser plasma EUV emission by shockwave–plasma interaction (2003)

Laser plasmas have been produced using a xenon gas jet as a target and a pre/main pulse heating scheme in which the two laser foci are separated in space. Extreme ultraviolet intensities around 13.5 nm and in the range 5–20 nm have been recorded, and an up to five fold increase in intensity has been measured. The gain in intensity is explained by the interaction of the shock wave produced by the pre-pulse with the xenon in the focus of the main pulse.
Effects of ritonavir and amprenavir on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers (2007)

Compared to previously performed studies of identical design using single doses of indinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir, a hierarchy of insulin resistance was observed with the greatest effect seen with indinavir followed by ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir, with little effect of amprenavir.
A Novel Chiral Compound CCL441 Induces Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis in Hepatoblastoma HepG2 Cells (2020)

We screened a compound library for the development of therapeutic agents for HB and found a chiral compound CCL441, which shows specific toxicity to the HB cell line HepG2. Our study suggested that the CCL441 could be a microtubuletargeting agents (MTAs) which can be an anti-HB drug with a novel therapeutic modality.
Exploring surface water as a transmission medium of avian influenza viruses – systematic infection studies in mallards (2022)

Mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) are an abundant anseriform migratory wild bird species worldwide and an important reservoir for the maintenance of low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV). They have also been implicated in the spread of high pathogenicity (HP) AIV after spill-over events from HPAIV-infected poultry. The spread of HPAIV within wild water bird populations may lead to viral contamination of natural habitats. The role of small shallow water bodies as a transmission medium of AIV among mallards is investigated here in three experimental settings. (i) Delayed onset but rapid progression of infection seeded by two mallards inoculated with either LP or HP AIV to each eight sentinel mallards was observed in groups with access to a small 100 L water pool. In contrast, groups with a bell drinker as the sole source of drinking water showed a rapid onset but lengthened course of infection. (ii) HPAIV infection also set off when virus was dispersed in the water pool; titres as low as 10<sup>2</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub> L<sup>-1</sup> (translating to 0.1 TCID<sub>50</sub> mL<sup>-1</sup>) proved to be sufficient. (iii) Substantial loads of viral RNA (and infectivity) were also found on the surface of the birds' breast plumage. "Unloading" of virus infectivity from contaminated plumage into water bodies may be an efficient mechanism of virus spread by infected mallards. However, transposure of HPAIV via the plumage of an uninfected mallard failed. We conclude, surface water in small shallow water bodies may play an important role as a mediator of AIV infection of aquatic wild birds.
The Effects Of Ni 3 Al Binder Content on The Electrochemical Response of Tic‐ni 3 Al Cermets (2015)

TiC-based cermet samples were successfully fabricated with varying amounts of nickel aluminide (alloy IC-50) metal binder, ranging from 10 to 40 vol. %, through a simple melt 0infiltration process. Each of the fabricated compositions was then assessed to determine its degree of resistance to corrosion in an aqueous environment (with 3.5 wt. % NaCl addition), using a variety of electrochemical testing methods. The preliminary results indicate that samples with the lowest binder contents exhibit a greater potential to resist corrosion. However, it is also conjectured that the higher metal binder content samples (i.e. 30 and 40 vol. %) display fewer areas of breakdown and passivation/repassivation after corrosion testing, and hence an overall greater resistance to corrosive attack in terms of the overall extent of sample degradation. The influence of corrosion attack on the microstructure/composition of these materials will be discussed, through the use of electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.
Non-Hermitian lattices with binary-disorder (2020)

In this paper we study for the first time the effect of non-Hermiticity on an interesting short-range correlated one dimensional disordered lattice which, in its Hermitian version, has been studied repeatedly for its unexpected delocalized states. The diagonal matrix elements of our Hamiltonian take randomly two complex values $\epsilon$ and $\epsilon^*$, each one assigned to a pair of neighboring sites. Contrary to the Hermitian case, all states in our system are localized. In addition, the spectrum exhibits an unexpected intricate fractal-like structure on the complex plane. Moreover, with increasing non-Hermitian disorder, the eigenvalues tend to coalesce in particular small areas of the complex plane, a feature termed eigenvalue condensation. Despite the Anderson localization of all eigenstates, the system exhibits a novel transport by quantized jumps between states located around distant sites. The relation of our findings to recent experimental results is also discussed.
Probabilistic fusion of multiple algorithms for object recognition at information level (2012)

Reliable object recognition is a mandatory prerequisite for service robots that operate in everyday environments. Typical approaches run a single classifier for the purpose of object recognition. However, no single algorithm proved to classify across all types of objects. We propose an approach that combines the recognition result of several methods working on different features. This reduces the effort and complexity of a single algorithm to recognize all known objects and makes the overall recognition robust. Known algorithms are extended to use a semantic output of a recognition probability for easy integration. To overcome the limitation of an algorithm to a class of objects based on their features, we introduce a probabilistic quality that defines how well an algorithm can recognize a known object type. The algorithms results are integrated using probabilistic methods to formulate a final belief. The approach is demonstrated in practical experiments in which a service robot recognizes and grasps similar appearing objects. The experiments show that the recognition is improved by probabilistic fusion of multiple algorithms.
Supplementary Table S1 from Global Increase of p16<sup>INK4a</sup> in APC-Deficient Mouse Liver Drives Clonal Growth of p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-Negative Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of transgenic mice used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance Tests for Wireless Real-Time Localization Systems to Improve Mobile Robot Navigation in Various Indoor Environments (2008)

Performance Tests for Wireless Real-Time Localization Systems to Improve Mobile Robot Navigation in Various Indoor Environments
[P4–047]: ANTI‐TAU ANTIBODY PROFILING FOR PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION THERAPY: COMPARING SEEDS DERIVED FROM TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE (2017)

Studies based on post-mortem staging of Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects have led to the hypothesis that the spread of Tau pathology may be due to transmission of toxic Tau species along synaptically connected brain regions. Passive immunization with anti-Tau antibodies targets this toxic Tau species that seeds aggregation in connected neurons to prevent further spread of Tau pathology and hence neurodegeneration. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) developed for passive immunization are often evaluated in Tau transgenic (Tg-) mice developing spontaneous aggregation of human mutated Tau with age. Since in these models it is unclear if a spreading component is present, this study investigates if seeds derived from Tg-mice or human AD brain can be used to evaluate efficacy of Tau mAbs. Over 100 mAbs spanning the complete Tau protein were developed in house by immunizing mice with paired helical filaments extracted from AD brain tissue. Different experimental setups were developed using a cellular seeding model to study the effectiveness of mAbs. Efficacy of mAbs to block seeding was compared employing seeds derived from two different sources; homogenates from spinal cord of P301S Tau Tg-mice and postmortem brain tissue of AD patients. Co-incubation experiments using seeds derived from Tg-mice indicated that the majority of mAbs only partially antagonized seeding in the cellular model. This was shown to be unrelated to the targeted epitope and was not due to the absence of the respective epitope on a subset of Tau aggregates since all seeding capacity could be removed from this homogenate via immunodepletion. The latter indicates that at least one antibody epitope is present on each seed/Tau aggregate in homogenates derived from Tg-mice. Conversely, several mAbs were not able to fully immunodeplete all seeding capacity from human AD brain homogenates. This indicates that these seeds are different than those derived from Tg-mice. These results underline the importance of testing mAbs for passive immunization approaches against human brain derived Tau seeds both in vitro and in vivo using a seeding model with human AD derived seeds in the Tg-mice for prioritizing mAbs towards clinical development.
Test ofΔI=2staggering in the superdeformed bands ofHg194 (1996)

The presence of $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=2$ staggering in the three known superdeformed (SD) bands of $^{194}\mathrm{Hg}$ has been reexamined in a new experiment with Gammasphere. A relative precision of better than 60 eV was achieved for most transition energies. Staggering plots were extracted and their statistical significance was analyzed. No clear evidence was found for an extended regular $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=2$ staggering in the three SD bands of $^{194}\mathrm{Hg}$. However, statistically significant deviations from a smooth reference were observed in the two excited SD bands. Different scenarios are discussed but no firm conclusion about the origin of the observed deviations can be drawn.
Graphene-Assisted All-Fiber Optical-Controllable Laser (2017)

All-optical controlling provides the burgeoning, precise, and compact access in photonics and optoelectronics with tunable performance. Through tuning physical parameters of optical-controlled devices, such as effective index, bandwidth and dispersion, the output characteristics of free-running lasers can be manipulated for widespread applications in spectroscopy and laser biology. Among which the flexible optical-thermal tunability of graphene introduces an advantageous avenue for the enhancement of photosensitivity of optical-controlled devices to efficiently regulate laser properties. Here, we fabricate an optical-controllable fiber filter based on a graphene-assisted micro-fiber Bragg grating, whose wavelength can be linearly tuned by controlling pump light, and a tuning step of 3.1 pm is achieved. By cooperating it with a fiber laser operating at a Q-switched mode-locked state, the lasing wavelength is all-optically controlled with a linear tuning sensitivity of 23.5 pm/mW. Considering the optical controlling performances, such a wavelength-tunable fiber laser may find potential applications in all-optical computing, all-optical logic gating, and generation of microwave source.
Advances in low-voltage ultra-low-power analog circuit design (2002)

In this paper it is argued that there are good reasons to choose current as the information-carrying quantity in the case of low-voltage ultra-low-power design constraints. This paper focuses on the influence of transfer quality on that choice. To obtain power-efficient transfer quality, indirect feedback is shown to be a good alternative to traditional feedback techniques. Two recently developed analog circuit techniques that both operate in the current domain and employ indirect feedback are described, being the continuous-time dynamic-translinear technique and the discrete-time switched-MOSFET technique.
GAT3 selective substratel-isoserine upregulates GAT3 expression and increases functional recovery after a focal ischemic stroke in mice (2017)

Ischemic stroke triggers an elevation in tonic GABA inhibition that impairs the ability of the brain to form new structural and functional cortical circuits required for recovery. This stroke-induced increase in tonic inhibition is caused by impaired GABA uptake via the glial GABA transporter GAT3, highlighting GAT3 as a novel target in stroke recovery. Using a photothrombotic stroke mouse model, we show that GAT3 protein levels are decreased in peri-infarct tissue from 6 h to 42 days post-stroke. Prior studies have shown that GAT substrates can increase GAT surface expression. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether the GAT3 substrate, L-isoserine, could increase post-stroke functional recovery. L-Isoserine (38 µM or 380 µM) administered directly into the infarct from day 5 to 32 post-stroke, significantly increased motor performance in the grid-walking and cylinder tasks in a concentration-dependent manner, without affecting infarct volumes. Additionally, L-isoserine induced a lasting increase in GAT3 expression in peri-infarct regions accompanied by a small decrease in GFAP expression. This study is the first to show that a GAT3 substrate can increase GAT3 expression and functional recovery after focal ischemic stroke following a delayed long-term treatment. We propose that enhancing GAT3-mediated uptake dampens tonic inhibition and promotes functional recovery after stroke.
Analysis of DFB semiconductor lasers with external optical feedback (1988)

A theoretical analysis of the sensitivity of DFB semiconductor lasers to external optical feedback is presented. Numerical simulations allow us to determine the optimum facet reflectivity, for a given KL value, to minimise the sensitivity to external optical feedback.
Catalytic and Highly Regioselective Cross-Coupling of Aromatic C−H Substrates (2007)

This communication describes a new Pd-catalyzed reaction for the highly chemo- and regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic C−H bonds. This transformation is proposed to proceed via two discrete C−H activation steps whose selectivities are predominantly controlled by proximity to a ligand (first C−H activation) or by the steric environment around the arene C−H bond (second C−H activation). Furthermore, the selectivity of the second C−H activation reaction can be controlled by tuning the ligand environment around the Pd center.