gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2X7-Like Receptor Activation in Astrocytes Increases Chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2001)

Leukocyte infiltration in the CNS after trauma or inflammation is triggered in part by upregulation of the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in astrocytes. However the signals that induce the upregulation of MCP-1 in astrocytes are unknown. We have investigated the roles for ATP P2X7 receptor activation because ATP is an intercellular signaling transmitter that is released in both trauma and inflammation and P2X7 receptors are involved in immune system signaling. Astrocytes in primary cell culture and acutely isolated from the hippocampus were immunopositive for P2X7 receptors. In astrocyte cultures, application of the selective P2X7 agonist, benzoyl-benzoyl ATP (Bz-ATP), activated MAP kinases extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 1 (ERK1), ERK2, and p38. Purinergic antagonists depressed this activation with a profile suggesting P2X7 receptors. Bz-ATP also increased MCP-1 expression in cultured astrocytes, and again P2X7 antagonists prevented this increase. Blocking either the ERK1/ERK2 or the p38 pathway (with PD98059 or SB203580, respectively) significantly inhibited Bz-ATP-induced MCP-1 expression. Coapplication of both antagonists caused a greater depression. We also tested the roles for ATP receptor activation in inducing MCP-1 upregulation in corticectomy, an in vivo model of trauma. This model of cortical trauma was previously shown to increase MCP-1 expression in vivo principally in astrocytes. Suramin, a wide-spectrum purinergic receptor antagonist, significantly depressed the rapid (3 hr) trauma-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA. These data indicate that purinergic transmitter receptors in astrocytes are important in regulating chemokine synthesis. The regulation of MCP-1 in astrocytes by ATP may be important in mediating communication with hematopoietic inflammatory cells.
Clustering and probabilistic matching of arbitrarily shaped ceiling features for monocular vision-based SLAM (2013)

This paper presents improved extraction and matching methods for arbitrarily shaped (AS) ceiling features for monocular vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping. The feature descriptor, which is robust to illumination changes, comprises the vertex distribution, size, and orientation strength of the region of interest. However, to cope with the problem of vertices being detected at different positions in successive images, Bayes’ rule is applied to preserve robust vertices and remove rarely observed vertices. Moreover, unstable features surrounded by similar features are clustered to create a robust feature by calculating their similarities to adjacent clusters. AS features from the proposed scheme are used as landmarks in the extended Kalman filter, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through various experiments in real environments.
Calpain-induced downregulation of activated protein kinase C-alpha affects lung epithelial cell morphology (1994)

A few minutes after mouse lung epithelial cell lines were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the cells rounded up and pulled away from their neighbors. Several hours later, the cells flattened out to resume their original morphology. To begin to characterize the enzymology underlying these changes, the subcellular distribution and intracellular content of the TPA receptor, protein kinase C (PKC), and its putative endogenous regulator, the Ca(2+)-dependent protease, calpain, were investigated. Of eight PKC isozymes examined in several tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cell lines, all cells contained PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and PKC-zeta. TPA rapidly (5 min) translocated PKC-alpha from the cytosol to the particulate fraction; PKC-alpha concentrations then decreased with continued TPA exposure. PKC-zeta levels and intracellular location were not affected. An inhibitor of PKC activity, GF 109203X, prevented the initial morphological change. The calpain II isozyme was also found in all cell lines, and its cellular content increased as a result of TPA treatment. Calpain inhibitor I did not affect the initial shape change but prevented subsequent flattening of the cells. We therefore conclude that PKC activation is required for the TPA-induced alterations in lung cell morphology and that calpain mediates the return to a flattened epithelial appearance.
Three new derivatives of anti-HIV-1 polyphenols isolated fromSalvia yunnanensis (2008)

During the study of anti-HIV-1 active components of the aqueous extracts of the roots of Salvia yunnanensis, three new derivatives of polyphenols, namely: methyl salvianolate A (2), ethyl salvianolate A (3) and cis-lithospermic acid (5) were isolated along with two known polyphenols, salvianolic acid A (1) and lithospermic acid (4) their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectral analyses. The anti-HIV-1 activities of the 5 polyphenols were tested for the inhibition of P24 antigen in HIV-1 infected MT-4 cell cultures and HIV-1 replicative enzymes in vitro.
Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1990)

Perspective on the Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces Instrumentation Spectral Interpretation Depth Profiling in AES and XPS Quantification of AES and XPS Applications of AES in Microelectronics AES in Metallurgy Applications of Electron Spectroscopy to Heterogeneous Catalysis Applications of XPS in Polymer Technology Uses of Auger Electron and Photoelectron Spectroscopies in Corrosion Science.
Neocollagenesis after Injection of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Composition in a Canine Model (2008)

COLEMAN, KYLE M. MD; VOIGTS, ROBERT MS; DEVORE, DALE P. PHD; TERMIN, PAUL DVM, PHD; COLEMAN, WILLIAM P. III MD Author Information
Inside Back Cover: Mysterious Decomposition of Alkoxyphosphonium Chlorides: Postulated Involvement of the HCl2 Anion and Its Capture in the Solid State (Chem. Eur. J. 20/2017) (2017)

The nucleophilic collapse of alkoxyphosphonium chlorides containing HCl is very slow due to strong binding of chloride anions to HCl molecules in the form of poorly nucleophilic HCl2− anions. For the same reason, the collapse gets faster in more dilute solutions showing a negative kinetic order. The involvement of little-known HCl2− has been confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of an individual P-stereogenic phosphonium hydrodichloride salt derived from (−)-menthol as shown. The story of how to crack the “tough watermelon” in the Arbuzov reaction (arbuz means watermelon in Russian) can be found in the Full Paper by K. Nikitin and D. G. Gilheany et al. on page 4794 ff.
MEFV and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression Is Attributed to Immature Macrophages and Correlates with Serum Inflammatory Proteins in Crohn´s Disease Patients (2022)

Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes whose activation results in proinflammatory cytokines. Inflammasomes are implicated in Crohn´s disease (CD) pathogenesis, yet the contribution of inflammasomes in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) versus lamina propria (LP) macrophages is poorly understood. Whether inflammasome expression in intestinal tissue reflects the serum inflammatory protein profile of patients is also not known. We aimed to determine the intestinal cell types where inflammasome expression is increased in CD and if they correlate with the serum protein profile. RT-PCR and NanoString nCounter technology were used to characterize inflammasome gene expression in CD patients and controls. The mucosa, LP and IEC cell fractions and FACS-sorted cells were analyzed. Proximity extension assay with a 92-protein panel was used to determine the serum inflammatory protein profile. Compositional analysis was used to correlate ileum inflammasome gene expression with intestinal mononuclear phagocyte populations. We show that NLRP3 and MEFV inflammasome sensors and downstream effector expression including IL-1β are increased in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and correlate with disease activity. Inflammasome gene expression increased with the abundance of immature intestinal macrophages, and increased IL-1β released by CD LP cells correlated with immature macrophage frequency. Inflammasome gene expression was also increased in circulating monocytes, the precursors of immature intestinal macrophages. Finally, the serum inflammatory profile of CD patients correlates with ileal expression of genes related to NLRP3 and MEFV inflammasomes. Overall, we show that MEFV and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in CD intestine is attributed to the accumulation of immature macrophages and correlates with serum inflammatory proteins.
Wavepacket modeling of the jet noise source (2018)

This study is motivated by the need for physical models for the jet noise source to be used in practical noise prediction schemes for propulsion–airframe integration concepts. The basis for the source model is an amplitude-modulated traveling wave—the wavepacket. The source is parameterized and the parameters are determined by minimizing the difference between the modeled and experimental sound intensity distributions in the far field. Even though the pressure signal that reaches the far field is highly filtered, sufficient information is available to construct a wavepacket with reasonable physical characteristics. A simple stochastic extension of this concept shows a connection between the shape of the far-field sound pressure level spectrum and the emission polar angle. It suggests that the broadening of the spectrum with increasing polar angle from the downstream axis can be explained on the basis of a single noise source (the wavepacket), rather than the prevailing model of two distinct noise sources, one coherent and the other incoherent.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation in breast cancer brain metastases (2019)

Abstract Introduction Activation status of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) is largely unknown. We examined expression of phospho(p)-AKT, p-S6, and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in BCBMs and their implications for overall survival (OS) and survival after BCBMs. Secondary analyses included PI3K pathway activation status and associations with time to distant recurrence (TTDR) and time to BCBMs. Similar analyses were also conducted among the subset of patients with triple-negative BCBMs. Methods p-AKT, p-S6, and PTEN expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry in 52 BCBMs and 12 matched primary BCs. Subtypes were defined as hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2-, HER2+, and triple-negative (TNBC). Survival analyses were performed by using a Cox model, and survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Expression of p-AKT and p-S6 and lack of PTEN (PTEN-) was observed in 75%, 69%, and 25% of BCBMs. Concordance between primary BCs and matched BCBMs was 67% for p-AKT, 58% for p-S6, and 83% for PTEN. PTEN- was more common in TNBC compared with HR+/HER2- and HER2+. Expression of p-AKT, p-S6, and PTEN- was not associated with OS or survival after BCBMs (all, P > 0.06). Interestingly, among all patients, PTEN- correlated with shorter time to distant and brain recurrence. Among patients with TNBC, PTEN- in BCBMs was associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusions The PI3K pathway is active in most BCBMs regardless of subtype. Inhibition of this pathway represents a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with BCBMs, a group of patients with poor prognosis and limited systemic therapeutic options. Although expression of the PI3K pathway did not correlate with OS and survival after BCBM, PTEN- association with time to recurrence and OS (among patients with TNBC) is worthy of further study.
Abstract 32: Ly6C Lo Monocyte/Macrophages Are Essential for Thrombus Resolution in a Murine Model of Venous Thrombosis (2017)

Venous thrombosis (VT) results in vein wall injury by promoting inflammation and fibrosis leading to venous reflux, swelling, pain, and potentially, recurrent thrombosis. While prior work has shown that infiltrating leukocytes are important for VT resolution, as of yet, the precise roles of different leukocyte subsets are not well understood. Monocyte/macrophages (Mo/MΦs) are essential for the repair and resolution of tissue injury in other models, and come in inflammatory (Ly6C Hi ) or pro-resolution (Ly6C Lo ) subtypes. We hypothesized that infiltrating Mo/MΦs would be critical to VT resolution. In order to study this in vivo , we utilized a conditional macrophage depletion technique, using CD11b-DTR mice, to examine the effects of Mo/MΦs in a murine model of stasis VT by inferior vena cava ligation. Administration of 10ng/g diphtheria toxoid (DTx) every 48 hours by intra-peritoneal injection in CD11b-DTR mice resulted in an 89% and 55% decrease in circulating monocytes at 24hrs and 48hrs, respectively. When compared to saline controls, DTx injection had no effects on thrombogenic response or IVC thrombus cell populations in C57BL/6 control mice. At 8 days’ post-ligation, DTx treated CD11b-DTR mice had preferentially decreased vein wall-thrombus Ly6C Lo Mo/MΦs as compared with controls. DTx treated mice had significantly larger thrombi (1.7-fold) and less TGF-β, FSP-1, and plasminogen by western immunoblotting (all P-values ≤ 0.01). Consistent with a reduction in Ly6C Lo Mo/MΦs was a significant decrease in cellular TGF-β by intra-cellular flow cytometry. These findings suggest that Ly6C Lo Mo/MΦs are essential for normal VT resolution and may promote thrombus resolution via a plasminogen-mediated mechanism.
Blood Levels of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Aspirin, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2007)

Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer among men not using aspirin. N-6 fatty acids were nonsignificantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk.
Morphology Dependence of Silicon Nanowire/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Heterojunction Solar Cells (2010)

The characteristics of well-aligned silicon nanowire (SiNW)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT) heterojunction solar cells with varying nanowire lengths are investigated. PEDOT adheres on the hydrophilic n-type silicon nanowire surface to form a core−sheath heterojunction structure through the solution process. Such a structure increases the area of heterojunctions and shortens the carrier diffusion distance, and therefore, it greatly increases carrier collection efficiency. The cells exhibit stable rectifying diode behavior. Compared to the cells without a nanowire structure, the series resistance of the SiNW/PEDOT cell decreases from 60.42 Ω cm2 to 1.47 Ω cm2, and the power conversion efficiency improves from 0.08% to 5.09%. The SiNW/PEDOT solar cell harvests photons from 400 nm to 1100 nm and a maximum incident phototo-current conversion efficiency of ∼32% at 700 nm.
Low-loss InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well optical electroabsorption waveguide modulator (1987)

An optical electroabsorption waveguide modulator is described based on the quantum-confined Stark effect in an InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well waveguide. The optical modulator has a high on/off ratio (47:1) with very low insertion loss (2.9 dB) and a 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 3.0 GHz at 0.1 mW optical input power.
Molecular docking of Subtilisin K2, a fibrin-degrading enzyme from Indonesian moromi, with its substrates (2021)

Fibrinogen supplies the primary building block of the blood clot or thrombus after α-thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin during the final phases of coagulation. When the homeostasis system is disrupted, blood clots that aggregate in the blood vessels can lead to thrombosis. Fibrin-degrading enzyme from Bacillus subtilis K2 (Subtilisin K2) of Indonesian moromi has many excellent characteristics apart from its strong fibrinolytic activity. Bioinformatic analysis using the CDART webserver indicated that the enzyme appeared to share a conserved domain with the peptidase s8 superfamily also known as the subtilase family. This study used molecular docking between these fibrin-degrading enzymes and specific substrates (fibrin and fibrinogen) using the HADDOCK webserver and aimed to predict the enzyme mechanism of action. This analysis revealed that the enzyme interlocked with the two substrates; however, it suggested no productive interactions between Subtilisin K2 and fibrinogen. A hydrolysis reaction is suggested between Subtilisin K2 and the fibrin substrate. There was a strong indication that amino acids Asp19, His51, and Ser208 in Subtilisin K2’s active site interacts with Leu168, Ile171, and Leu172 of the fibrin substrate with a ∆G of -19.4 kcal/mol. Subtilisin K2 tends to act more as a fibrin-degrading enzyme than as a fibrinogen-degrading enzyme.
Enhancement of optical sectioning capability of temporal focusing microscopy by using time-multiplexed multi-line focusing (2021)

Abstract Temporal focusing (TF) microscopy has a trade-off between temporal resolution, optical sectioning capability, and field of view. To improve this trade-off, we demonstrate time-multiplexed multi-line temporal focusing (TM-ML-TF) microscopy, which combines the time-multiplexed TF technique with multi-line focusing using a digital micromirror device. Compared with those for TF microscopy, the optical sectioning capability and the signal-to-background ratio were improved by factors of 2.5 and 4.17, respectively. In addition, by applying post-processing for structured illumination microscopy to TM-ML-TF microscopy, the optical sectioning capability and the signal-to-background ratio were further enhanced by factors of 1.2 and 4.63, respectively.
MECHANICAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS, A NEW TOOL FOR PRODUCT ASSURANCE AND EARLY FAULT DETECTION (1966)

Sound and vibration signals have been useful for many years in judging the internal condition of machinery and structures. An automobile mechanic listens to an engine for internal defects. A machinist checks a grinding wheel for cracks by rapping it and listening for a clear tone or a dull thud. At General Electric's Research & Development Center, the interpretation of sound and vibration signals is being developed from an art into a scientific technique. This technique, Mechanical Signatuer Analysis, uses external measurement of sound and vibration signals to diagnose internal condition or malfunctions and to detect incipient failure. Mechanical Signature Analysis has great potential as a unique tool for increasing the reliability and maintainability of a wide range of components, assemblies, and systems.
Flexible parylene-valved skin for adaptive flow control (2003)

This paper describes the first work of using wafer-sized flexible parylene-valved actuator skins (total thickness /spl sim/ 20 /spl mu/m) for micro adaptive flow control. The check-valved actuator skins feature vent-through holes with tethered valve caps on the membrane to regulate pressure distribution across the skins. The skins were integrated onto MEMS wings and were tested in the low-speed wind tunnel for aerodynamic evaluation. The test results have shown very significant effects on the aerodynamic performances. Compare to the reference MEMS wings (no actuators), both the lift and thrust of the parylene check-valved wings were improved by more than 50%. This is the first experimental result to demonstrate that the application of MEMS actuator skins for flow control is very promising.
Logic and architectures for digital optical computers (1986)

Today’s super computers are limited with respect to bandwidth of the interconnections, crosstalk, and lack of connectivity. Optical communication technology is able to offer solutions to these problems, provided that the architectures of future computers can take full advantage of this potential. Optics offers the capability of connecting thousands of data channels at extremely high bandwidths with virtually no crosstalk. But, optical systems are naturally space invariant whereas present-day computers are interconnected irregularly or, in optical terms, space variant. Symbolic substitution is a simple and yet powerful logic system which facilitates the design of architectures with regular interconnections and circuits with constant fan-in and constant fan-out, thus simplifying the demands on optics and optical logic gates. The elementary operations in symbolic substitution logic are transformations on binary patterns. Every transformation can be decomposed conceptually into three operations: pattern recognition, regeneration, and pattern substitution. Recognition and substitution are based on conventionally free space optics. The regeneration requires just optical nonlinearity, not bistability. Examples demonstrate how this logic can be used to implement elementary operation for computing, such as binary arithmetic, a latch, and a Turing machine.
A Software Development System for Microcomputers (1975)

The most common approach to microcomputer software development is to first assemble the program on the microcomputer system or cross-assemble it on a larger computer; then debug the program in the microcomputer or simulate it on another computer; and finally burn the program into a ROM or PROM.
Symmetric Capacity of MIMO Downlink Channels (2006)

This paper studies the symmetric capacity of the MIMO downlink channel, which is defined to be the maximum rate that can be allocated to every receiver in the system. The symmetric capacity represents absolute fairness and is an important metric for slowly fading channels in which users have symmetric rate demands. An efficient and provably convergent algorithm for computing the symmetric capacity is proposed, and it is shown that a simple modification of the algorithm can be used to compute the minimum power required to meet given downlink rate demands. In addition, the difference between the symmetric and sum capacity, termed the fairness penalty, is studied. Exact analytical results for the fairness penalty at high SNR are provided for the 2 user downlink channel, and numerical results are given for channels with more users
Inhibition of the nuclear transporter, Kpnβ1, results in prolonged mitotic arrest and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in cervical cancer cells (2014)

The karyopherin β proteins are involved in nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking and are crucial for protein and RNA subcellular localization. We previously showed that Kpnβ1, a nuclear importin protein, is overexpressed in cervical cancer and is critical for cervical cancer cell survival and proliferation, whereas non-cancer cells are less dependent on its expression. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms by which inhibition of Kpnβ1 results in cervical cancer cell death. We show that the inhibition of Kpnβ1 results in the induction of apoptosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest, accompanied by distinct mitotic defects in cervical cancer cells but not non-cancer cells. In cervical cancer cells, Kpnβ1 downregulation results in sustained degradation of the antiapoptotic protein, Mcl-1, and elevated Noxa expression, as well as mitochondrial membrane permeabilization resulting in the release of cytochrome C and activation of associated caspases. Although p53 becomes stabilized in Kpnβ1 knockdown cervical cancer cells, apoptosis occurs in a p53-independent manner. These results demonstrate that blocking Kpnβ1 has potential as an anticancer therapeutic approach.