gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Willingness-to-Pay-Associated Right Prefrontal Activation During a Single, Real Use of Cosmetics as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2019)

Use of applied neuroscience to complement traditional methods of consumer research is increasing. Previously, fMRI has shown that prefrontal activity contains information relating to willingness-to-pay (WTP). The aim of the present study was to determine if functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can record WTP-related brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during a single, real use of cosmetic products. Thirty female participants, were divided into two groups (one low frequency users of foundation and one high frequency users of foundation), asked to apply different foundations to their face and then record how much money they were willing to pay. The oxyhemoglobin time series was analyzed with the GLM and the correlation between the beta scores for the foundations and their respective WTP values conducted for each participant. These subject level correlations were then converted to z scores and averaged for each group. The results revealed a significant mean correlation for the high but not low frequency group. In other words, the brain activity in right hemisphere dorsolateral PFC (RH-DLPFC) during single, real use of foundations correlated with their respective WTP values for the high frequency but not low frequency group. The difference between groups may reflect the importance of learning and automation on activity in RH-DLPFC. Our research provides further evidence supporting the use of fNIRS to complement traditional consumer research in a commercial setting and to extend neuroscience research into more naturalistic environments.
A Data-Fusion Approach for Speed Estimation and Location Calibration of a Metro Train Based on Low-Cost Sensors in Smartphones (2019)

Since the GPS is unavailable in underground environment, it is extremely challenging to measure the speed and location of a metro train. This paper proposes a novel data-fusion approach for speed estimation and location calibration of a metro train in underground environment, simply using the data from the 3-axis accelerometers in smartphones. Firstly, we place multiple smartphones in different cars of a train to measure the longitudinal, lateral and vertical accelerations, then propose a method to transform the measured accelerations from the coordinate systems of smartphones to that of the metro train. In the data fusion model, the initial estimations of train speed and position are obtained by the integral and double integral of the longitudinal accelerations. The lateral and vertical accelerations are used to provide absolute reference for speed estimation, where the local time delay and waveform similarity between the measured accelerations in different smartphones are defined and estimated to obtain the time-delay-based speed. Finally, a more accurate estimation of train speed is obtained by fusing the integral-based speed and the time-delay-based speed. A case study is conducted on Chengdu Metro Line 7 in Chengdu, China. The results show that, taking the interval length between adjacent stations as ground truth, our data-fusion approach achieves higher accuracy than the direct integral method, with the relative errors reduced from 9.5% to 1.6%.
Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products (2020)

Agroforestry waste stores a considerable amount of energy that can be used. Portugal has great potential to produce bioenergy. The waste generated during agricultural production and forestry operation processes can be used for energy generation, and it can be used either in the form in which it is collected, or it can be processed using thermochemical conversion technologies, such as torrefaction. This work aimed to characterize the properties of a set of residues from agroforestry activities, namely rice husk, almond husk, kiwi pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, and pine woodchips. To characterize the different materials, both as-collected and after being subjected to a torrefaction process at 300 °C, thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and the content of volatile substances; elementary analyses were performed to determine the levels of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the high and low heating values were determined. With these assumptions, it was observed that each form of residual biomass had different characteristics, which are important to know when adapting to conversion technology, and they also had different degrees of efficiency, that is, the amount of energy generated and potentially used when analyzing all factors.
Homogeneous metal matrix composites produced by a modified stir-casting technique (1995)

Al-based metal matrix composites have been made by a novel liquid processing route which is not only cheap and versatile but produces composites with extremely uniform distributions of the reinforcing phase. Particles of TiB{sub 2}, TiC and B{sub 4}C have been spontaneously incorporated, that is without the use of external mechanical agitation, into Al and Al-alloy melts in volume fractions as high as 0.3. This has been achieved through the use of wetting agents which produce K-Al-F based slags on the melt surface. Spontaneous particle entry and the chemistry of the slag facilitate the generation of good distributions of the reinforcing phase in the solidified composite castings. Non-clustered, near homogeneous distributions have been achieved irrespective of the casting conditions and the volume fraction, type or size of the reinforcement. The majority of the reinforcement becomes engulfed into the solid metal grains during solidification rather than, what is more commonly the case, being pushed to the inter-granular regions. This intra-granular distribution of the reinforcement is likely to improve the mechanical properties of the material.
TESS Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Short-cadence Observations of 4584 Eclipsing Binaries in Sectors 1–26 (2022)

Abstract In this paper we present a catalog of 4584 eclipsing binaries observed during the first two years (26 sectors) of the TESS survey. We discuss selection criteria for eclipsing binary candidates, detection of hitherto unknown eclipsing systems, determination of the ephemerides, the validation and triage process, and the derivation of heuristic estimates for the ephemerides. Instead of keeping to the widely used discrete classes, we propose a binary star morphology classification based on a dimensionality reduction algorithm. Finally, we present statistical properties of the sample, we qualitatively estimate completeness, and we discuss the results. The work presented here is organized and performed within the TESS Eclipsing Binary Working Group, an open group of professional and citizen scientists; we conclude by describing ongoing work and future goals for the group. The catalog is available from http://tessEBs.villanova.edu and from MAST.
Percutaneous occipital stimulator lead tip erosion: report of 2 cases. (2008)

Occipital nerve stimulation is an emerging treatment modality for refractory headache disorders like migraine and cluster headache. Either percutaneous or surgical leads are implanted subcutaneously in the occipital region in an effort to stimulate the distal branches of the occipital nerves (C2-3). A number of complications of this technique have been reported, such as painful direct muscle stimulation and lead migration. We report the first 2 cases of occipital lead erosion. In both cases, the lead erosion occurred many months after implantation. One patient lost a significant amount of weight between the time of implant and lead erosion, while the other patient had no obvious risk factors. One patient underwent lead removal with reimplantation 1 month later; the other was managed with excision of a granuloma at the erosion site and prophylactic antibiotics. Both patients returned to excellent headache control. Lead erosion is a possible complication of occipital stimulation; strategies to reduce the risk of lead erosion are discussed, although further studies are needed to clarify the best surgical techniques.
Average power reduction techniques for multiple-subcarrier intensity-modulated optical signals (2001)

We describe two classes of simple, effective techniques for reducing the average optical power requirement in intensity-modulated optical systems using multiple BPSK or QPSK subcarriers. The first class of techniques involves block coding between the information bits to be transmitted and the symbol amplitudes modulated onto the subcarriers in order to increase the minimum value of the multiple-subcarrier electrical waveform. The second class of techniques involves replacing the fixed DC bias by a bias signal that varies on a symbol-by-symbol basis. These two classes of techniques can be applied separately or in tandem. The reduction in power requirement increases with the number of subcarriers and, with eight subcarriers, can be as high as about 3.6 dB and 3.2 dB with BPSK and QPSK, respectively. The techniques described are applicable as long as all subcarriers originate from a single transmitter and are symbol-synchronized.
Degradation of superhard nanocomposites by built-in impurities (2004)

Impurities such as oxygen and chlorine can strongly decrease the hardness of superhard nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 and similar nanocomposites when incorporated into the coatings during their deposition. It is shown that 1–1.5 at. % of oxygen causes a hardness decrease to about 30 GPa, as compared to 45–55 GPa for the pure material. This may explain some of the contradictory results found by other authors, particularly for coatings deposited by physical vapor deposition at relatively low nitrogen pressure, deposition temperature, and deposition rates.
Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of peri-alkoxy-9,10-anthraquinones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium aluminum hydride reduction of peri-alkoxy-9,10-anthraquinonesNagaraj Shyamasundar and Paul CaluweCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 8, 1552–1557Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00321a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00321a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1243Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mast Cells Involvement in the Inflammation and Fibrosis Development of the TNBS-induced Rat Model of Colitis (2002)

Mast cells are involved in the gastrointestinal tract inflammation and fibrosis of the TNBS-colitis rats.
Role of Podocyte B7-1 in Diabetic Nephropathy (2014)

Podocyte injury and resulting albuminuria are hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy, but targeted therapies to halt or prevent these complications are currently not available. Here, we show that the immune-related molecule B7-1/CD80 is a critical mediator of podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. We report the induction of podocyte B7-1 in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with type 2 diabetes. Genetic and epidemiologic studies revealed the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the B7-1 gene with diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, increased levels of the soluble isoform of the B7-1 ligand CD28 correlated with the progression to ESRD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In vitro, high glucose conditions prompted the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-dependent upregulation of B7-1 in podocytes, and the ectopic expression of B7-1 in podocytes increased apoptosis and induced disruption of the cytoskeleton that were reversed by the B7-1 inhibitor CTLA4-Ig. Podocyte expression of B7-1 was also induced in vivo in two murine models of diabetic nephropathy, and treatment with CTLA4-Ig prevented increased urinary albumin excretion and improved kidney pathology in these animals. Taken together, these results identify B7-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN VOLUNTEERS TO ASIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE (1958)

The antibody response against Asian influenza virus was measured in 619 volunteer subjects who received Asian influenza vaccine or polyvalent vaccine in varying dosage at various time periods by the subcutaneous or intradermal routes. Blood was taken from each subject before and after the vaccination and was titrated for hemagglutinationinhibiting (HI) antibody. Pure egg-line Asian influenza virus strain A/Japan/305/57 in the fifth passage in eggs was used in these tests. When this strain of virus was used it was unnecessary to treat the serum with receptor-destroying enzyme or with potassium periodate. The vaccination was followed by marked rise in HI titer even when as little as 62.5 CCA units of virus were given. Some benefit from the second dose of vaccine was also demonstrated. Persons who received 200 CCA units developed as much antibody as did persons with proved cases of the disease. Reactions to the vaccine occurred in 18 subjects but were generally mild and inconsequential.
Effect of spirulina and silicon‐enriched spirulina on metabolic syndrome features, oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity in Zucker fatty rats (2019)

The use of Spirulina platensis (Sp) as a functional food was suggested decades ago. Biological incorporation of Silicon (Si) into Sp increases its bioavailability for potential food supplement applications. This work aimed at determining the effects of Sp and Si-enriched Sp (Sp+Si) on metabolic syndrome features in Zucker fatty rats. Thirty Zucker fatty rats were divided into three groups and supplemented with placebo or Sp or Sp+Si croquettes for 12 weeks. Food consumption, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and mitochondrial and oxidative stress were determined. Zucker fatty rats exhibited several hepatic metabolic alterations as well as mitochondrial and oxidative stress perturbations. The intake of Sp increased plasma TG levels and decreased the hepatic NADPH oxidase activity and ameliorated transitorily the glucose intolerance. However, Si-spirulina does not appear to have more beneficial effects than spirulina alone. Other experiments with different species of rats/mice, different diets, or durations of diet intake should be undertaken to confirm or infirm these results. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis, two major components of metabolic syndrome, are increasing and becomes a major public health issue. Use of Spirulina platensis (Sp) as a functional food was suggested as a protein-dense food source. Bioavailable silicon (Si) may be an essential nutrient for higher animals, including humans. Sp but not Sp+Si decreased liver NADPH oxidase activity and improved transitorily glucose tolerance. This is the first study where Sp and Sp+Si effect on glucose intolerance is reported in Zucker rat. Other experiments should be undertaken to confirm or infirm invalidate the beneficial effects of Sp+Si supplement in the metabolic syndrome features.
Silicon Quantum Information Processing (2005)

The initial aim of the programme was to demonstrate three qubits using Na donors in Si MOSFETs by the end of the programme. The initial objectives can be summarised as follows:- 2.1 Fabricate a single electron transistor using AFM lithography on the gate of a MOSFET. This is the 2.2 Fabricate a MOSFET with a determined number 2.3 Fabricate and detect the positioning of a single Na+ ion in a predetermined position to allow 2.4 Measure the T2 decoherence time for Na in Si using the temperature dependence of the impurity 2.5 Provide a model for the Na donor fabrication.
Privacy-preserving association rule mining in large-scale distributed system (2004)

Data privacy is a major concern that threatens the widespread deployment of data Grids in domains such as health-care and finance. We propose a unique approach for obtaining knowledge, by way of a data mining model, from a data Grid, while ensuring that the data is cryptographically safe. This is made possible by an innovative, yet natural generalization for the accepted trusted third party model and a new privacy-preserving data mining algorithm that is suitable for Grid-scale systems. The algorithm is asynchronous, involves no global communication patterns, and dynamically adjusts to changes in the data or to the failure and recovery of resources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first privacy-preserving mining algorithm to possess these features. Simulations of thousands of resources prove that our algorithm quickly converges to the correct result while using reasonable communication. The simulations also prove that the effect of the privacy parameter on both the convergence time and the number of messages, is logarithmic.
Spatial and temporal distribution of Caulobacter spp. in two mesotrophic lakes (1987)

The seasonal distribution of Caulobacter spp. has been determined in the water column of two mesotrophic lakes using most probable number (MPN) viable counting techniques from April, 1972 to March, 1973. Concentrations in Lake Washington, a monomictic lake, peaked at 1000–3300 per ml in the epilimnion during the late spring and summer and reached lows in October of less than 2 per ml prior to fall turnover. The reason for the decrease in viable numbers is not known. Caulobacter spp. began to increase gradually in December, during the winter mixing period well before the spring bloom. Concentrations in Hall Lake, a small kettle lake, were somewhat higher than in Lake Washington, ranging from 0.27 per ml in October to over 5000 per ml during May. In contrast to Lake Washington, the highest populations were found in the metalimnion and upper hypolimnion of Hall Lake. Caulobacter spp. were also found in the anaerobic depths of the hypolimnion. However, these did not grow anaerobically, suggesting that they had settled into the hypolimnion and survived in the cold anaerobic zone. The populations of Caulobacter spp. reached maximum numbers at the approximate times and depths at which algal biomass would be expected to be greatest.
Inconsistencies in handling missing data across stages of prediction modelling: a review of methods used (2021)

Missing data need to be addressed at each stage of developing, validating and implementing a clinical prediction model (CPM). However, no clear guidance exists on handling missing data across this pipeline, and it is unknown which methods are used in practice. We aimed to review and summarize the approaches to handling missing data that underly the CPMs currently recommended for use in UK healthcare. We identified eligible CPMs through discussions with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), a call on Twitter, and contacting other research groups. We identified the paper corresponding to each model’s development and identified the ten most cited external validation papers. We extracted information on methods used for handling missing data, as well as reported strengths and limitations, and any stated assumptions. Twenty-three CPMs met the eligibility criteria. Three CPMs had consistent paths in their pipelines. Six missing data strategies were identified. 52% of the development articles and 48% of the validation articles did not report how missing data were handled. CCA was the most common approach used for both development (40%) and validation (44%). At implementation, 57% of the CPMs required complete data entry, whilst 43% allowed missing values (35% risk-factor-absent; 4% additional category for missingness; 4% imputation of mean values). A broad variety of methods for handling missing data underly the CPMs currently recommended for use in UK healthcare. Missing data handling strategies were inconsistent across the pipeline of a CPM development, external validation, and implementation. Better quality assurance of CPMs needs greater clarity and consistency in handling of missing data.
Synthesis of C-nucleoside analogs of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (CS-87), and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of C-nucleoside analogs of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (CS-87), and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidineB. Doboszewski, C. K. Chu, and H. Van HalbeekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 12, 2777–2782Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00247a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00247a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts