gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Intestine Early Innate Immunity Response during Intestinal Colonization by Escherichia coli Depends on Its Extra-Intestinal Virulence Status (2016)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains live as commensals in the digestive tract of the host, but they can also initiate urinary tract infections. The aim of this work was to determine how a host detects the presence of a new UPEC strain in the digestive tract. Mice were orally challenged with UPEC strains 536 and CFT073, non-pathogenic strain K12 MG1655, and ΔPAI-536, an isogenic mutant of strain 536 lacking all 7 pathogenicity islands whose virulence is drastically attenuated. Intestinal colonization was measured, and cytokine expression was determined in various organs recovered from mice after oral challenge. UPEC strain 536 efficiently colonized the mouse digestive tract, and prior Enterobacteriaceae colonization was found to impact strain 536 colonization efficiency. An innate immune response, detected as the production of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, was activated in the ileum 48 hours after oral challenge with strain 536, and returned to baseline within 8 days, without a drop in fecal pathogen load. Although inflammation was detected in the ileum, histology was normal at the time of cytokine peak. Comparison of cytokine secretion 48h after oral gavage with E. coli strain 536, CFT073, MG1655 or ΔPAI-536 showed that inflammation was more pronounced with UPECs than with non-pathogenic or attenuated strains. Pathogenicity islands also seemed to be involved in host detection, as IL-6 intestinal secretion was increased after administration of E. coli strain 536, but not after administration of ΔPAI-536. In conclusion, UPEC colonization of the mouse digestive tract activates acute phase inflammatory cytokine secretion but does not trigger any pathological changes, illustrating the opportunistic nature of UPECs. This digestive tract colonization model will be useful for studying the factors controlling the switch from commensalism to pathogenicity.
Predicting the effects of periodicity on the intelligibility of masked speech: An evaluation of different modelling approaches and their limitations (2019)

Four existing speech intelligibility models with different theoretical assumptions were used to predict previously published behavioural data. Those data showed that complex tones with pitch-related periodicity are far less effective maskers of speech than aperiodic noise. This so-called masker-periodicity benefit (MPB) far exceeded the fluctuating-masker benefit (FMB) obtained from slow masker envelope fluctuations. In contrast, the normal-hearing listeners hardly benefitted from periodicity in the target speech. All tested models consistently underestimated MPB and FMB, while most of them also overestimated the intelligibility of vocoded speech. To understand these shortcomings, the internal signal representations of the models were analysed in detail. The best-performing model, the correlation-based version of the speech-based envelope power spectrum model (sEPSM<sup>corr</sup>), combined an auditory processing front end with a modulation filterbank and a correlation-based back end. This model was then modified to further improve the predictions. The resulting second version of the sEPSM<sup>corr</sup> outperformed the original model with all tested maskers and accounted for about half the MPB, which can be attributed to reduced modulation masking caused by the periodic maskers. However, as the sEPSM<sup>corr</sup>2 failed to account for the other half of the MPB, the results also indicate that future models should consider the contribution of pitch-related effects, such as enhanced stream segregation, to further improve their predictive power.
Refining of tall oil pitch (1979)

Abstract Six grades of tall oil pitch (TOP) were subjected to extraction by n‐hexane and subsequent adsorption by SiO 2 ‐activated carbon blend. Treated pitch samples contained 32.9–48.4% free acids, 24.2–35.0% esterified acids, and 25.0–36% unsaponifiable neutral compounds. Each of the above fractions was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography. The portion insoluble in n‐hexane contained 83.9% free acids, 10.6% esterified acids, and 5.5% unsaponifiable neutral compounds, indicating enrichment of the acidic compounds in this fraction. The decolorizing effect was observed in all treated TOP grades.
Die Relaxin Expression korreliert mit Fibrinogen bei Frauen mit Typ 2 Diabetes unter oraler antidiabetischer Therapie (2006)

Fragestellung: Der Einfluss des kardioprotektiven Peptidhormons Relaxin auf die Blutgerinnungsparameter bei Typ 2 Diabetes Patienten ist unklar. In dieser Studie wurde die Änderung der Expression von Relaxin im Vergleich zum Fibrinogen bei Typ 2 Diabetes Patienten unter oraler antidiabetischer Therapie untersucht.
Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of select crop species (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have many potential beneficial uses, with additional applications constantly being investigated. Their unique properties, however, create a potential concern regarding toxicity, not only in humans and animals but also in plants. To help develop protocols to determine the effects of nanotubes on plants, we conducted a pilot study on the effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of six crop species (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato) routinely used in phytotoxicity testing. Nanotubes were functionalized with poly-3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Root growth was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h following exposure. Scanning-electron microscopy was used to evaluate potential uptake of carbon nanotubes and to observe the interaction of nanotubes with the root surface. In general, nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes affected root length more than functionalized nanotubes. Nonfunctionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in tomato and enhanced root elongation in onion and cucumber. Functionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in lettuce. Cabbage and carrots were not affected by either form of nanotubes. Effects observed following exposure to carbon nanotubes tended to be more pronounced at 24 h than at 48 h. Microscopy images showed the presence of nanotube sheets on the root surfaces, but no visible uptake of nanotubes was observed.
Development of an individual score for melanoma risk (2011)

Melanoma is one of the fastest growing cancers worldwide. We need to have tools to identify patients with high risk of melanoma. We carried out a case-control study and tested three methods to develop an individual score of melanoma risk, usable in routine practice. All cases included newly diagnosed invasive cutaneous melanoma of stage I or II (6th American Joint Committee on Cancer) seen in 2007 at the Skin Cancer Unit of Nantes Hospital, France. Controls included 1500 consecutive patients consulting their general practitioners. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for assessment of melanoma risk factors. Three methods of scoring were used and compared: one with common relative risks reported in the literature, one with odds ratios estimated by logistic regression, and a combinatorial analysis. The method based on combinatorial analysis permitted one to obtain a simple rule to define individuals at risk: the association of the rule 'presence of at least three risk factors or presence of more than 20 naevi on the arms' for the patients aged under 60 years and 'presence of at least three risk factors or presence of freckles' for the patients aged 60 years and above (sensitivity: 63.2% and specificity: 68.8%). The tool we propose is easy to use every day in routine health care to select patients with high risk of melanoma. It can be assessed without any computer or calculator and is based on the self-assessment of the melanoma risk factors by the patient and thus is not medical time consuming.
Hepatitis D (Delta) – die vergessene Herausforderung (2011)

Das Hepatitis-D-Virus (HDV), auch Delta-Virus genannt, wurde im Jahre 1977 von Mario Rizzetto, Turin, entdeckt. Es handelt sich um ein RNA-Viroid, das einer gleichzeitigen Infektion mit dem Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) bedarf, welches das Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) als Hülle für das HDV zur Verfügung stellt. Bei der Hepatitis D handelt es sich somit immer um eine Coinfektion mit dem HBV. Kommt es gleichzeitig zu einer Coinfektion von Hepatitis B und Hepatitis D, kommt es in bis zu 90% zu einer Ausheilung. Wird jedoch ein chronischer Hepatitis-B-Träger mit dem HDV superinfiziert, ist in über 90% eine chronische Hepatitis D die Folge. Der klinische Verlauf einer Hepatitis D ist schwerwiegender als der einer Hepatitis-B-Monoin-fektion. Wenngleich das Leberzellkarzinom auch eine Spätkomplikation der Hepatitis D ist, kommt es jedoch sehr häufig vorher zu einer Dekompensation der Leberzirrhose. Die Leberzirrhose durch Hepatitis D tritt 10 Jahre früher auf als durch die Hepatitis B-Monoinfek-tion allein.
Bulk and dislocation core diffusion in Al-Mo solid solutions obtained through rapid-solidification processing (1988)

Abstract Samples of Al-2.2at.% Mo and Al-0.7at.% Mo have been prepared as solid solutions by melt-spinning, and have then been annealed at temperatures between 643 and 923 K. Analytical transmission electron microscopy has been used to determine the factors that control the rate of return to equilibrium in these supersaturated solid solutions. It has been found that in the Al-2.2at% Mo alloy the diffusion of Mo, to form the equilibrium phase Al12 Mo, is accompanied by the formation of dislocation networks, which separate regions that contain 2.2 at% Mo from regions of virtually pure Al, where the Mo has been removed from solution. The dislocations accommodate the change in lattice parameter between these two regions and provide diffusion paths to grain boundaries, where Al12 Mo is precipitated. In the case of Al-0.7 at.% Mo it has been found that diffusion occurs either along grain boundaries, during grain growth, or through the bulk of the grains, but that no dislocations are generated during annealing. Measurements of the width of the denuded zones at stationary grain boundaries in this dilute alloy have been used to determine the kinetics of diffusion of Mo in Al and it has been found that these may be described by the equation, D = D0 exp(- Ed/kT) with values of D0 = 0.28 (+0.13, −0.09) cm2 s−1 and Ed = 2.3 ± 0.3 eV. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the published diffusion data for transition metals in Al.
Biochemical fingerprinting for typing of Aeromonas strains from food and water (1992)

The PhenePlate (PhP) system for biochemical fingerprinting is based on analysis of the kinetics of biochemical tests in microplates. This was evaluated for typing Aeromonas spp. isolates from drinking water and food and 78 Aeromonas strains isolated on different occasions over 6 months from three public drinking water systems. The system was highly discriminating and the diversity index, as calculated from 65 unrelated isolates, was 0.993, and 53 different biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) were found. Food isolates were more homogeneous than random Aeromonas strains and identical isolates were sometimes found in food of different origin. Each public drinking water system contained several BPTs but some of these were dominant at several sampling sites and on several sampling occasions in a system. The PhP system is suitable for typing Aeromonas strains from food and water. It is simple to handle and can be used with large numbers of isolates.
Effect of genistein and daidzein on platelet aggregation and monocyte and endothelial function (2003)

There has been much recent interest in the cardiovascular benefits of dietary isoflavones. The aim of the present in vitro studies was to investigate potential anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherogenic effects of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in platelets, macrophages and endothelial cells. Pre-treatment with either isoflavone inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. In a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) activated with interferon gamma plus lipopolysaccharide, both isoflavones were found to inhibit NO production and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion dose-dependently, but they did not affect mRNA levels for inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2. Both isoflavones also dose-dependently decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion induced by TNF-alpha in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compared with daidzein, genistein exerted greater inhibitory effects for all parameters studied. The present data contributes to our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which isoflavones may protect against coronary artery disease. Further studies are required to determine whether the effects of isoflavones observed in the current in vitro studies are relevant to the aetiology of coronary artery disease in vivo.
Use of Refund Anticipation Loans by Earned Income Tax Credit Filers in Central City Milwaukee Neighborhoods (2002)

This report, prepared by the Employment and Training Institute in cooperation with The Brookings Institution, reviews the use of rapid refund anticipation loans by zipcode area in central city Milwaukee neighborhoods. The analysis utilizes year 2000 income tax data files obtained by Brookings staff from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Nine central city Milwaukee zipcodes in the heart of the Community Development Block Grant neighborhoods were analyzed, as well as other predominantly City of Milwaukee zipcodes and predominantly suburban zipcodes in Milwaukee County. “Rapid refund loans” are similar to "payday loans." Companies advance money based on the worker's anticipated income tax refund, and the loan is repaid once the Internal Revenue Service issues the refund payment. Tax filers obtaining RALs usually pay steep charges to receive their tax refunds a few days or weeks early -- with interest rates often as high as 250 percent. By contrast, the Internal Revenue Service trains VITA (Volunteer Income Tax Assistance) volunteers who provide free tax preparation assistance at many area libraries and community agency sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Liazal10s, a Retinoic Acid Metabolism Blocking Agent (RAMBA) with Potential Clinical Applications in Oncology and Dermatology. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3‐Bromo‐3‐methyl‐2‐trimethylsiloxy‐1‐butene—A New Cycloaddition Reagent (1979)

A facile entry to cycloheptenones and cyclopentanones is provided by the new cyclization reagent (1). Examples are the synthesis of Karahanaenone (2) from isoprene, and of(±)-α-cuparenone (4), R = p-CH3C6H4, from 1-isopropenyl-4-methylbenzene.
Life Event Dimensions of Loss, , Entrapment, and Danger in the Prediction of Onsets of Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Humiliation (2003)

Although substantial evidence suggests thatstressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes ofdepression and anxiety, the essential features of theseeventsthat are depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain. Background
Caspase 6 Regulates B Cell Activation and Differentiation into Plasma Cells (2008)

Caspase (Casp) family proteases regulate not only lymphocyte apoptosis but also lymphocyte activation and development. In this study, we show that Casp6 regulates B cell activation and differentiation into plasma cells by modifying cell cycle entry. B cells from Casp6 knockout (Casp6 KO) mice examined ex vivo have more cells in G(1) than wild-type B cells, and mitogen-induced G(1) entry of Casp6 KO B cells is much faster than that of wild-type B cells. Even so, S phase entry and proliferation are not increased in Casp6 KO B cells. Rather than proliferating, activated Casp6 KO B cells preferentially differentiate into syndecan-1(+) plasma cells and produce Abs. In Casp6 KO mice compared with WT mice, serum levels of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b are increased and Ag-specific Ab responses are also enhanced along with increased percentages of syndecan-1(+) plasma cells. Casp6 may regulate both B cell activation and differentiation by modifying requirements for G(0) B cells to enter G(1).
Management of Conflicting Obligations in Self-Protecting Policy-Based Systems (2005)

Policy-based management of business systems is increasingly becoming the norm for autonomic computing since these systems can adapt to the changing needs and increasing complexity of the underlying organizations or enterprises. One of the vital characteristics of these systems is self-protection, ie., the ability to secure information and resources, by anticipating, detecting, identifying and protecting against any form of unauthorised access and permitting all authorised accesses based on the users' roles and pre-established policies. In this paper, we focus on one aspect of self-protecting autonomous systems, which is, how to automatically enforce privacy policies related to data handling, for compliance and auditing purposes. The automatic management of privacy sensitive information based on enterprise policies that are driven by a combination of user preferences, internal objectives and external regulations is a key aspect to any enterprise to prevent misuse of this information. These policies extend beyond simple authorization rules, and also mandate obligations to be enforced under certain conditions. One issue in the automatic enforcement of obligations is the presence of conflicts among different obligations which mandate different actions on the same resource, based on different conditions in which the resource is accessed. In this paper we propose algorithms for detecting and resolving conflicts among obligations in both static and runtime environments. We then briefly describe our prototype obligation management system with the conflict resolution module that achieves the automated enforcement of obligations for data-handling based on privacy policies
Location Verification System for Pilot Spoofing Attack Detection (2019)

Pilot spoofing attack happens in the physical layer during the uplink pilot training stage. A malicious adversary sends identical pilot signals as a legitimate user, which can disrupt legitimate communications and lead to severe information leakage. In this paper, we propose a novel method using location verification to detect pilot spoofing attack. Specifically, we adopt several auxiliary devices in different locations to measure received signal strength (RSS), based on which, we then detect the spoofing attack by comparing the path-loss-based location and the algorithm-estimated location. Compared to the existing methods, our scheme does not need an uplink-downlink two-stage training, or alter the pilot structure. Simulation results show that our proposed method can provide excellent detection performance.
Abstract 12130: Age Stratified Analysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock. Insights From the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative (2019)

Background: The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative (NCSI) is a single-arm, prospective, multicenter study to assess clinical outcomes associated with early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) i...
DIRT @SBT@discovery of inference rules from text (2001)

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method for discovering inference rules from text, such as is author of Y a X wrote Y, solved Y a X found a solution to Y, and caused Y a Y is triggered by X. Inference rules are extremely important in many fields such as natural language processing, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence in general. Our algorithm is based on an extended version of Harris' Distributional Hypothesis, which states that words that occurred in the same contexts tend to be similar. Instead of using this hypothesis on words, we apply it to paths in the dependency trees of a parsed corpus.
Feasibility Demonstration of a Ka-Band Linearized Channel Amplifier in Silicon Technology for Space Applications (2019)

International audience
Elevated mean neutrophil volume represents altered neutrophil composition and reflects damage after myocardial infarction (2015)

Myocardial infarction (MI) induces an inflammatory response in which neutrophils fulfill a prominent role. Mean neutrophil volume (MNV) represents the average size of the circulating neutrophil population. Our goal was to determine the effect of MI on MNV and investigate the mechanisms behind MNV elevation. MNV of 84 MI patients was compared with the MNV of 209 stable angina patients and correlated to simultaneously measured CK levels. Fourteen pigs were subjected to temporary coronary balloon occlusion and blood was sampled at multiple time points to measure MNV. Echocardiography was performed followed by ex vivo infarct size assessment after 72 h. MNV was higher in MI patients compared to stable angina patients (602 SD26 AU vs. 580 SD20 AU, p < 0.0001) and correlated with simultaneously measured CK levels (R = 0.357, p < 0.0001). In pigs, MNV was elevated post-MI (451 SD11 AU vs. 469 SD12 AU), p < 0.0001). MNV correlated with infarct size (R = 0.705, p = 0.007) and inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (R = -0.718, p = 0.009). Cell sorting revealed an increased presence of banded neutrophils after MI, which have a higher MNV compared to mature neutrophils post-MI (495 SD14 AU vs. 478 SD11 AU, p = 0.012). MNV from coronary sinus blood was higher than MNV of neutrophils from simultaneously sampled arterial blood (463 SD7.6 AU vs. 461 SD8.6 AU, p = 0.013) post-MI. The current study shows MNV is elevated and reflects cardiac damage post-MI. MNV increases due to altered neutrophil composition and systemic neutrophil activation. MNV may be an interesting parameter for prognostic assessment in MI and provide new insights into pathological innate immune responses evoked by ischemia-reperfusion.
s, 1 W, 2.5 V, 32 Kb TL-CMOS SRAM Macro with OS Access Transistors (1995)

While an ECL-CMOS SRAM can achieve both -ultra high speed and high density, it consumes a lot of power and cannot be applied to low power supply voltage applications. This paper describes an NTL (Non Threshold Logic)-CMOS SRAM macro that consists of a PMOS access transistor CMOS memory cell, an NTL decoder with an on-chip voltage generator, and an automatic bit line signal voltage swing controller. A 32 Kb SlRAM macro, which achieves a 1 ns access time at 2.5 V power supply and consumes a mere 1 W, has been developed on a 0.4 pm BiCMOS technology. I. INTRODUCTION HE reduction in access times of SRAM's and DUM'S have not been keeping pace with the demand for ever and ever decreasing processor LSI clock periods. Consequently, on-chip cache memories are required to fill the gap between the speeds of processor LSI's and that of main memories. While a proposed ECL-CMOS SRAM ( 11, (2) that consists of CMOS memory cells driven by ECL word drivers is suitable for such high speed memory systems, it consumes a lot of power and has difficulties in operating at low power supply voltages. Some transmission systems also need such ultra high speed memories. To address these problems, an NTL (Non Threshold Logic)-CMOS SRAM macro (3) has been developed. An access time of 1 ns at a 2.5 V supply voltage and 1 W power consumption has been achieved on a 0.4 pm BiCMOS technology. This paper describes the circuit techniques used in the developed SRAM macro which includes an NTL decoder with an on-chip voltage generator, a PMOS access transistor memory cell, and an automatic bit line swing voltage controller.
Communicating with Patients in the Vegetative State (2010)

Deciding whether a given patient in a vegetative state has any awareness or capability of even simple thought is generally problematic because the