gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitance thermometer made of oxygen isotope-exchanged strontium titanate perovskite (2006)

A thermometer comprising a parallel capacitor made from a single crystal of oxygen isotope-exchanged SrTi(Ox18O1−x16)3 showed a dimensionless temperature sensitivity Sd exceeding 0.123 at 2K in the quantum ferroelectric region. On the other hand, the value of Sd in the quantum paraelectric region was 0.022 at 2K. The thermometric properties of the capacitance sensor were significantly improved by the O18 oxygen isotope exchange. A capacitance thermometer made of O18 oxygen isotope-exchanged SrTi(Ox18O1−x16)3 is a candidate element for accurate monitoring of cryogenic temperatures.
Zinc transporter SLC30A2 genetic variations and health implications (2014)

The SLC30A2 zinc transporter has been investigated due to its important role in zinc secretion into human milk. SLC30A2 is expressed in mammary epithelial cells, and the presence of genetic variations in this transporter could cause low zinc transport into the milk, leading to Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency (TNZD) in newborns. Through bioinformatics analysis 22 SNPs were identified. Therefore, we aim to identify the functional changes caused by 4 SNPs. By subcloning the SLC30A2 open reading frames into the Gateway expression plasmid tagged with red and green fluorescent proteins (mCherry, tGFP). Four SNPs were introduced by mutagenesis and tagged with mCherry. We transfected individual plasmids into mammary epithelial cells (HC11) and observed cellular targeting using epifluorescent imaging. The most common variants located to secreting endosomes and membrane in HC11 cells. Incorrect targeting of SLC30A2 causes mislocalization. It may be possible to identify mothers carrying risk genotypes for infant zinc deficiency.
Kinetic Model of Platinum Dissolution in PEMFCs (2003)

This paper presents a mathematical model of oxidation and dissolution of supported platinum catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Kinetic expressions for the oxidation and dissolution reactions are developed and compared to available experimental data. The model is used to investigate the influences of electrode potential and particle size on catalyst stability. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cold Turkey: Will the Recent Freeze in Turkish NATO Relations Spiral into a Bigger Problem? (2021)

Situated in a strategic location bridging the gap between Europe and Asia, Turkey has been a valuable member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for decades. However, recent events have inflamed underlying tensions between Turkey and other NATO member states. This research seeks to determine if the escalation will cause Turkey to withdraw from the alliance within the next five years. In order to accomplish this, our team conducted both quantitative and qualitative research on current and historical economic, political, and cultural conditions driving the conflict. Following this research, our team synthesized the data using structured analytic techniques (SATs) to generate and compare multiple future scenarios, in order to assess the most likely endstate. SATs are objective models which help interpret data and information, filter out cognitive biases and limitations, and formulate a supported conclusion. These step-by-step analytic processes are commonly employed by corporate financial analysts and the U.S. intelligence community. In the synthesis of the data, the SATs indicated that Turkey’s continued membership in NATO is the most probable endstate; however, tensions between the member states will likely increase. Following our SATs, we conducted additional historical and cultural research to corroborate our conclusion by evaluating historical precedent for the dissolution of alliances. This conclusion has significant implications for how the U.S. conducts future relations with NATO members, in order to ensure Turkey’s continued membership as a strategic ally with key projection-of-power bases.
Red Luminescence In Pure Silica Glass (1989)

Photoluminescence measurements of the 1.9-eV (red) emission were carried out on high-purity silica glasses subjected to y-ray irradiation. The time decay of the 4.8-eV-excited-luminescence indicates that the 4.8-eV absorption and the 1.9-eV luminescence arise at two different defect sites, and that an energy transfer occurs between the two defects. Comparison with electron spin resonance observations suggests that the defect responsible for the 1.9-eV luminescence is the non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC: &equiv;Si-O). The 4.8-eV absorption band increases when the sample is heated in an oxygen atmosphere prior to y-irradiation, suggesting that the defect responsible is related to some form of excess oxygen. The defect is tentatively identified as a negatively charged non-bridging oxygen (&equiv;Si-0 ) which is formed when a peroxy linkage traps a i-induced electron, (&equiv;Si-0-0-Si&equiv; + e &rarr; &equiv;Si-0- + &bull;O-Si&equiv; ). Both the NBOHC and the defect responsible for the 4.8-eV absorption must be present in the glass for the 4.8-eV band excited 1.9-eV luminescence to occur.
Diluted Operation of a Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine - Aiming at Improved Effciency, Emission and Maximum Load (2011)

Most heavy-duty engines are diesel operated. Severe emission regulations, high fuel prices, high technology costs (e.g. catalysts, fuel injection systems) and unsustainably in supplying fuel are enough reasons to convenience engine developers to explore alternative technologies or fuels. Using natural gas/biogas can be a very good alternative due to the attractive fuel properties regarding emission reduction and engine operation. Heavy-duty diesel engines can be easily converted for natural gas operation which is a very cost effective process for producing gas engines. However, due to the high throttle losses and low expansion ratio the overall engine efficiency is lower than the corresponding diesel engines. Moreover the lower density of natural gas results in lower maximum power level. In this thesis key features and strategies which may result in improved efficiency, increased maximum power and improved transient capability of a heavy-duty natural gas engines have been identified, validated and suggested. High EGR rates combined with turbocharging has been identified as a promising way to increase the maximum load and efficiency of heavy-duty gas engines. With stoichiometric conditions a three way catalyst can be used and thus regulated emissions can be kept at very low levels. Obtaining reliable spark ignition is difficult however with high dilution and there will be a limit to the amount of EGR that can be tolerated for each operating point. Extending the dilution limit of the engine and developing closed-loop control to operate the engine at its dilution limit has been the main method to reduce throttle losses. A new method for calculating cyclic variation was developed that significantly improved the transient capability of the engine control system. The method consequently applied on a closed-loop dilution limit control. Only applying closed-loop control to operate the engine at its dilution limit resulted in at least 4.5% improvement in specific fuel consumption at 1200 RPM. The dilution limit can also be extended by replacing the combustion chambers with high turbulence pistons which enhances the combustion. By extending the dilution limit the gain in efficiency will be even higher. In summary the key features to improve the performance of a stoichiometrically operated natural gas engine are identified as: right amount of EGR at different operating regions, right compression ratio, Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), high turbulence pistons, long route EGR system and model-based control.
A survey of speech bandwidth compression techniques (1958)

Application of speech bandwidth compression techniques to voice communications provides the promise of more efficient utilization of the available radio spectrum and the possibility of improved performance of noisy, long distance communications links. That significant potential gain exists is evident from the fact that the information rate required for transmission of the conventional speech signal is approximately 24,000 bits per second, whereas that for transmission of the equivalent word-intelligence content by means of teletype is 75 bits per second. The paper presents brief descriptions of several speech bandwidth compression techniques which are currently being employed or investigated to achieve varying degrees of compression. Also a method of estimating the influence of signal-to-noise ratio on a communications link employing such compression techniques is presented.
Deficits of temporal discrimination in dystonia are independent from the spatial distance between the loci of tactile stimulation (2002)

To assess whether spatial variables influence deficits of temporal somesthetic discrimination in dystonic patients, 10 patients with idiopathic dystonia and 12 healthy controls were tested with pairs of non-noxious electrical stimuli separated by different time intervals. Stimuli were delivered: (1) to the pad of the index finger (same-point condition), (2) to the pad and to the base of the index finger (same-finger condition), and (3) to the pad of the index and ring fingers (different-finger condition). Subjects were asked to report whether they perceived single or double stimuli in the first condition and synchronous or asynchronous stimuli in the second and third conditions. Somesthetic temporal discrimination thresholds (STDTs) were obtained by computing the shortest time interval at which stimuli, applied to the left or the right hand, were perceived as separate in the first condition or asynchronous in the second and third conditions. STDTs were significantly higher in dystonic patients than controls in all three conditions. In both dystonia patients and controls, STDTs resulted highest in conditions whereby stimuli were maximally separated in space. Results extend current knowledge of deficits of somesthetic temporal discrimination in dystonia by showing that temporal deficits are not influenced by spatial variables.
A facility for mixed flowing gas testing of and experimentation with power electronic components and systems (2020)

Corrosion phenomena have been found to inflict new types of failures on power electronics. Currently, the precise corrosion mechanisms and effects causing problems are largely unknown. A facility dedicated for environmental reliability and lifetime testing of power electronic components and systems is presented.
Use of specific bacteria for the determination of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of specific bacteria for the determination of mutagenic and carcinogenic compoundsStanislav. Miertus, Jozef. Svorc, Ernest. Sturdik, and Helena. VojtekovaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 3, 504–508Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00130a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00130a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Pt by Tuning Its d-Band Center via Transition Metal Oxide Support Interactions (2021)

The enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) using transition metal oxide (MOx, M = Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Y, and Zr) supports has been examined. To enable the use of transition metal oxides having low electric conductivity as supports, Pt NPs were formed on thin transition metal oxides formed on conducting cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs). Metal oxide composites (M1M2Ox) prepared from two types of transition metal (M1M2: TiNb, NbTa, and TaW) precursors were also used as supports. Pt NPs were photodeposited on MOx/CSCNTs and M1M2Ox/CSCNT supports, resulting in MOx/CSCNT- and M1M2Ox/CSCNT-supported Pt NP catalysts (abbreviated as Pt/MOx/CSCNTs and Pt/M1M2Ox/CSCNTs). Their ORR activities in 0.1 M HClO4 aqueous solution were found to significantly depend on the atomic ratio of M1 and M2 in M1M2Ox and the type of metal oxide support. A “volcano-type” dependence of the ORR activity (represented as the current density, mass activity, and specific activity at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) on the Pt d-band center, relative to the Fermi level, was obtained in a series of the Pt/MOx/CSCNTs and Pt/M1M2Ox/CSCNT catalysts. It was found that the d-band center values (ranging from −3.83 to −3.42 eV) of Pt deposited on MOx/CSCNTs and M1M2Ox/CSCNT supports were lower than that (−3.39 eV) of the reference Pt/carbon black (CB) and that the Pt/TiNbOx (Ti/Nb = 1:6.6 in atomic ratio)/CSCNTs with a d-band center of −3.59 eV exhibited the maximum ORR activity, in agreement with the theoretical expectation that an ORR catalyst having a d-band center that is ca. 0.2 eV lower than that of Pt would have maximal ORR activity.
Indentation of a floating elastic sheet: Geometry versus applied tension (2017)

The localized loading of an elastic sheet floating on a liquid bath occurs at scales from a frog sitting on a lily pad to a volcano supported by the Earth’s tectonic plates. The load is supported by a combination of the stresses within the sheet (which may include applied tensions from, for example, surface tension) and the hydrostatic pressure in the liquid. At the same time, the sheet deforms, and may wrinkle, because of the load. We study this problem in terms of the (relatively weak) applied tension and the indentation depth. For small indentation depths, we find that the force–indentation curve is linear with a stiffness that we characterize in terms of the applied tension and bending stiffness of the sheet. At larger indentations, the force–indentation curve becomes nonlinear and the sheet is subject to a wrinkling instability. We study this wrinkling instability close to the buckling threshold and calculate both the number of wrinkles at onset and the indentation depth at onset, comparing our theoretical results with experiments. Finally, we contrast our results with those previously reported for very thin, highly bendable membranes.
Solvent‐Free Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene over Silica‐Supported Tungsten–Oxo Perhydrocarbyl Catalysts (2016)

Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (norbornene) is carried out over silica-supported catalysts based on tungsten complexes bearing an oxo ligand (1: [(SiO)W(O)(CH<sub>2</sub> SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>3</sub> , 2: [(SiO)W(O)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub> Ph)(dAdPO)], dAdPO  2,6 diadamantyl-4-methylphenoxide, 3: [(SiO)<sub>2</sub> W(O)(CH<sub>2</sub> SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]). The evaluation of the catalytic activities of the aforementioned materials in ROMP indicates that at low reaction time (0.5 min), the highest polymer yield is obtained with catalyst 2. However, for longer reaction time (>2 min), complex 3, a model of the industrial catalyst, exhibits a better monomer conversion. The polymers obtained are characterized. Moreover, these catalysts are shown to be rather preferentially selective to give the cis polynorbornene (>65%), characterized by high melting points (≈300 °C). The experimental values of the average molecular weight (M<sub>n</sub> ) of polynorbornenes are found to be close to the theoretical ones for the polymers prepared using catalyst 2 and higher for those originated from catalyst 3.
Imaging and spectroscopy at terahertz frequencies using hot electron bolometer technology (2006)

Imaging and spectroscopy at terahertz frequencies (defined roughly as 300 GHz - 3 THz) have great potential for both healthcare and homeland security applications. Terahertz frequencies correspond to energy level transitions of important molecules in biology and astrophysics. Terahertz radiation (T-rays) can penetrate clothing and, to some extent, can also penetrate biological materials, and because of their shorter wavelengths they offer higher spatial resolution than microwaves or millimeter waves. We describe the development of a novel two-dimensional scanning, passive, terahertz imaging system based on a hot electron bolometer (HEB) detector element. HEB mixers are near quantum noise limited heterodyne detectors operating over the entire terahertz spectrum. HEB devices absorb terahertz radiation up to the visible range due to the very short momentum scattering times. The terahertz imaging system consists of a front-end heterodyne detector integrated with a state-of-the-art monolithic microwave integrated-circuit low-noise amplifier (MMIC LNA) on the same mixer block. The terahertz local oscillator (LO) signal is provided by a commercial harmonic multiplier source.
Effects of agonists on the intracellular cyclic AMP concentration in monkey trabecular meshwork cells (1988)

We examined the effects of several neuroendocrine agents on the intracellular cyclic AMP level in cultured monkey trabecular meshwork cells. Among the peptide agonists studied, only the vasoactive intestinal peptide elevated the cyclic AMP level. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, glucagon, and others showed no stimulation. Prostaglandin E1 and L-isoproterenol also enhanced the intracellular cyclic AMP level. Such effects may implicate physiologic roles of these agonists in the trabecular meshwork.
A locus inPristionchus pacificusthat is responsible for the ability to give rise to fertile offspring at higher temperatures (2016)

Temperature is a stress factor that varies temporally and spatially, and can affect the fitness of cold-blooded organisms, leading to a loss of reproductive output; however, little is understood about the genetics behind the long-term response of organisms to temperature. Here, we approach this problem in the model nematode Pristionchus pacificus by utilising a large collection of natural isolates with diverse phenotypes. From this collection we identify two strains, one from California that can give rise to fertile offspring up to 28°C and one from Japan that is fertile up to 30°C. We show that the optimum temperature and the upper temperature limit for fertility is shifted higher in the Japanese strain suggesting that there is a mechanism that controls the temperature response of fertility across a range of temperatures. By crossing the two strains, and using genetic mapping, we identify a region on chromosome V that is responsible for maintaining fertility at higher temperatures. Thus, we conclude that fitness of P. pacificus at high temperature is under genetic control, suggesting that it could be subject to natural selection.
Distributed beamforming designs to improve physical layer security in wireless relay networks (2014)

Abstract This paper investigates security-oriented beamforming designs in a relay network composed of a source-destination pair, multiple relays, and a passive eavesdropper. Unlike most of the earlier works, we assume that only statistical information of the relay-eavesdropper channels is known to the relays. We propose beamforming solutions for amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks to improve secrecy capacity. In an AF network, the beamforming design is obtained by approximating a product of two correlated Rayleigh quotients to a single Rayleigh quotient using the Taylor series expansion. Our study reveals that in an AF network, the secrecy capacity does not always grow as the eavesdropper moves away from the relays or as total relay transmit power increases. Moreover, if the destination is nearer to the relays than the eavesdropper is, a suboptimal power is derived in closed form through monotonicity analysis of secrecy capacity. While in a DF network, secrecy capacity is a single Rayleigh quotient problem which can be easily solved. We also found that if the relay-eavesdropper distances are about the same, it is unnecessary to consider the eavesdropper in a DF network. Numerical results show that for either AF or DF relaying protocol, the proposed beamforming scheme provides higher secrecy capacity than traditional approaches.
Simplification of point cloud data based on gaussian curvature (2013)

In order to highlight the characteristic region of 3D models, this paper proposes a point cloud data simplification algorithm based on Gaussian curvature. In order to find the nearest K points, we need to divide the space of point cloud according to 3D cube algorithm firstly. Secondly, we build a curved surface based on normal constraints so as to get the Gaussian curvature of the nearest K points. Then we simplify cloud point based on evaluation function which is derived by Gaussian curvature. At last, we construct 3D model according to the simplified point data. Experiments show that our method can well preserve the point cloud in characteristic area.
Multilayer Wick Structure of Loop Heat Pipe (2007)

Loop heat pipe (LHP) is known as a two-phase heat transfer device that utilizes the evaporation and condensation of an operating fluid to transfer heat. At the LHP low operating temperatures, heat leakage induced by saturated temperature differences between the evaporator and compensation chamber is more serious than at high operating temperatures, due to inherent thermophysical properties of the operating liquid. The serious heat leakage at the low operating temperature not only causes high liquid subcooling requirement but also leads to high total temperature difference and degraded heat transfer performance. In this paper, research efforts are placed on reducing the heat leakage by introducing a multilayer wick structure into the LHP. Based on the previous research results of LHP non-metallic wick structures, the multilayer wick LHP combines advantages of both metallic and non-metallic wick structures, retains good heat conduction from the evaporator case to the liquid/vapor interface and inhibits the reverse heat transfer from the interface to compensation chamber. By demonstrating the concept on a methanol LHP, experimental results exhibit a significant enhancement in reducing heat leakage and the total heat transfer resistance.