gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar Thermoelectric Generators (1954)

The physical characteristics, thermoelectric power, resistivity, specific heat conductivity, and the temperature difference between hot and cold junctions determine the efficiency of thermocouple materials. These data have been determined for Chromel P-constantan, bismuth alloys, and the intermetallic compound ZnSb, containing small amounts of added metals. The optimum characteristics of flat-plate type solar energy collectors have been evaluated in combination with thermocouples, designed for maximum energy conversion. Using flat-plate collectors with 2 glass panes, an efficiency of 0.63 percent was obtained with the ZnSb-type alloys in combination with a negative Bi-alloy. The commercially available ductile alloys Chromel P-constantan, produced ten times lower efficiency. Calculations indicate that the efficiency may be increased to 1.05 percent by using 4 panes of low-reflection characteristics. With solar energy concentrating means (lenses), the efficiency was increased to 3.35 percent, using the above mentioned best alloy combination. The maximum allowable cost of thermoelectric generators has been evaluated, by comparison with present methods of electric power generation. Solar thermoelectric generators may find useful application in the tropics, as they do not contain moving parts and require very little attention. Further development is needed to determine their economical value.
COVID-19 vaccines under the International Health Regulations – We must use the WHO International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (2021)

The&#13;\nfirst vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have now received&#13;\nemergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug&#13;\nAdministration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and&#13;\nnational authorities in China, India, UK, and Russia; and are rapidly&#13;\nbeing distributed in more than 30 countries since the end of the&#13;\n2020. So far vaccines are being used by the respective countries&#13;\nafter national approval based on promising efficacy reports and&#13;\nsafety data, however, data on some of these vaccines have not yet&#13;\nbeen published in international peer-reviewed journals. The World&#13;\nHealth Organization (WHO) has a role in “pre-qualifying” COVID&#13;\nvaccines, but WHO pre-qualification may not be necessary to&#13;\nrecord the use of immunization or prophylaxis in WHO Interna-&#13;\ntional Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP, aka Carte&#13;\nJaune or Yellow Card) as this has not been the case with other&#13;\nvaccines which may not be WHO prequalified. Every dose of any&#13;\nCOVID vaccine should be entered in the WHO Yellow Card.
Characterization of leucocin A-UAL 187 and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Leuconostoc gelidum (1991)

Leucocin A-UAL 187 is a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc gelidum UAL 187, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from vacuum-packaged meat. The bacteriocin was purified by ammonium sulfate or acid (pH 2.5) precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel filtration, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a yield of 58% of the original activity. Leucocin A is stable at low pH and heat resistant, and the activity of the pure form is enhanced by the addition of bovine serum albumin. It is inactivated by a range of proteolytic enzymes. The molecular weight was determined by mass spectrometry to be 3,930.3 +/- 0.4. Leucocin A-UAL 187 contains 37 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 3,932.3. A mixed oligonucleotide (24-mer) homologous to the sequence of the already known N terminus of the bacteriocin hybridized to a 2.9-kb HpaII fragment of a 7.6-MDa plasmid from the producer strain. The fragment was cloned into pUC118 and then subcloned into a lactococcal shuttle vector, pNZ19. DNA sequencing revealed an operon consisting of a putative upstream promoter, a downstream terminator, and two open reading frames flanked by a putative upstream promoter and a downstream terminator. The first open reading frame downstream of the promoter contains 61 amino acids and is identified as the leucocin structural gene, consisting of a 37-amino-acid bacteriocin and a 24-residue N-terminal extension. No phenotypic expression of the bacteriocin was evident in several lactic acid bacteria that were electrotransformed with pNZ19 containing the 2.9-kb cloned fragment of the leucocin A plasmid.
Noncontact Screening Methods for the Detection of Narrow Anterior Chamber Angles (2015)

Van Herick test and Visante OCT ACA exhibited best discrimination between narrow and open angles both alone, and in combination. Van Herick test affords advantages over Visante OCT, showing potential for identifying individuals who may benefit from further gonioscopic assessment in a case-finding or screening setting.
Optimal cell connections for improved shading, reliability, and spectral performance of microsystem enabled photovoltaic (MEPV) modules (2010)

Microsystems enabled photovoltaics (MEPV) is a recently developed concept that promises benefits in efficiency, functionality, and cost compared to traditional PV approaches. MEPV modules consist of heterogeneously integrated arrays of ultra-thin (~2 to 20 μm), small (~100 μm to a few millimeters laterally) cells with either one-sun or micro-optics concentration configurations, flexible electrical configurations of individual cells, and potential integration with electronic circuits. Cells may be heterogeneously stacked and separated by dielectric layers to realize multi-junction designs without the constraints of lattice matching or series connections between different cell types. With cell lateral dimensions of a few millimeters or less, a module has tens to hundreds of thousands of cells, in contrast to today's PV modules with less than 100. Hence, MEPV modules can operate at high voltages without module DC to DC converters, reducing resistive losses, improving shading performance, and improving robustness to individual cell failures. Because these 'multi-junction' cells are integrated heterogeneously versus monolithically, different cell types need not be directly connected in series, improving the efficiency under conditions where different cell outputs are not ideally matched, for example with high incident angles in late afternoon. Instead, different numbers of same cell types are first connected in series, producing an intermediate common voltage, and then these 'microstrings' of different cell types are connected in parallel. Further series and parallel connections enable module voltages of a few hundred volts in small areas (~ 18 × 20 cm) and allow nearly ideal linear degradation with shading across an installation of multiple modules. We present details of these cell interconnection designs and performance under spectral and shading variations of the incident solar radiation for MEPV modules designed with heterogeneously stacked cells and single cell designs, and simulations of the relative efficiency of MEPV modules versus the probability of open and shorted cells.
Degenerate mode birdcage volume coil for sensitivity‐encoded imaging (2003)

A volume birdcage coil for accelerated image encoding with parallel acquisition methods such as SENSE is demonstrated. The coil is degenerately tuned with both the standard homogeneous mode and the first gradient mode of the birdcage coil resonant at the Larmor frequency. Conventional and antisymmetric coupling structures allow imaging from each of these modes simultaneously. The coil for SENSE-type reconstruction with acceleration factors of up to 2-fold is demonstrated. The spatial distribution of the added noise from the SENSE reconstruction (g-factor map) due to geometrical arrangement of the two-channel system is estimated. The spatially averaged g-factors were found to be 1.21, 1.36, and 1.55 for 1.3, 1.6, and 2-fold accelerations, respectively. The system was demonstrated in vivo using accelerated and nonaccelerated anatomical brain images at 1.5 T. The maximal 2-fold acceleration in this dual-mode degenerate birdcage coil offers the potential to extend SENSE-type image reconstruction methods to applications demanding uniform whole brain coverage.
A Study on the Effect of Education and Training Satisfaction for Employee"s Participation of Korean Type Dual System Enterprises on Organization Effectiveness (2023)

본 연구에서는 일학습병행제 참여자의 교육훈련만족도가 조직유효성인 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적 연구를 통하여 가설을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 2019년 5월 전남서부지역 2개 공동훈련센터, 8개 단독기업에서 일학습병행제에 참여하고 있는 재직자 198명에게 설문지를 배부하여 176부를 회수하였다. 확보된 176부 설문지 표본을 바탕으로 SPSS 24, Amos 18.0 등을 사용하여 연구모형의 가설을 검정하였다.<br/> 연구 결과, 일학습병행제 참여자의 교육훈련만족도가 조직유효성(직무만족, 조직몰입)에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기효능감 및 조직지원인식이 교육훈련 만족도와 조직유효성 간의 관계를 조절하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일학습병행제 참여 과정에서 교육훈련 내용, 현장교사 자질, 교육훈련 평가, 직무관련성, 처우개선 등에 대하여 다양한 의견을 청취하여 수용하면 직무만족 및 조직몰입 등 유효성이 제고될 것이다. 둘째, 일학습병행제 교육훈련만족도가 높을수록 조직유효성의 직무만족 및 조직몰입도가 높으므로 일학습병행제 참여기업에서는 학습근로자의 만족도 향상에 지대한 관심이 필요하다. 이 연구 결과가 향후 일학습병행제의 성공적인 정착과 산업현장에서의 활성화 및 확산을 위한 제도 개선에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.
Evaluation of Crop Management Effects on Fiber Micronaire, 2000-2001 (2002)

Arizona has experienced a trend toward increasing fiber micronaire values in recent years resulting in substantial discounts on fiber value. There is some evidence to suggest management can impact fiber micronaire. Approximately 250 cases were identified in cotton production areas in Arizona ranging from the lower Colorado River Valley to near 2,000 ft. elevation with grower cooperators in the 2000 season. Field records were developed for each field by use of the University of Arizona Cotton Monitoring System (UA-CMS) for points such as variety, planting date, fertility management, irrigation schedules, irrigation termination, defoliation, etc. Routine plant measurements were conducted to monitor crop growth and development and to identify fruiting patterns and retention through the season. As the crop has approached cutout and the lower bolls began to open, open boll samples have been collected from the lowest four, first position bolls (theoretically the bolls with the highest micronaire potential on the plant) from 10 plants, ginned, and the fiber analyzed for micronaire (low 4). From that point forward, total boll counts per unit area and percent open boll measurements are being made on 14-day intervals until the crop is defoliated. Following defoliation, final plant maps were performed. Relationships among low 4 samples micronaire, irrigation termination (IT), defoliation, and final crop micronaire were analyzed.
Solitary Tilt Waves in Thin Lamellar Eutectics (1989)

During directional solidification of thin layers (50 μm) of the transparent CBr4-C2Cl6 lamellar eutectic alloy, we observed tilt waves, a type of instability consisting in small domains of tilted lamellae moving transversely along the growth front. This instability is a way the system adjusts its wavelength after a small perturbation, without creating or destroying lamellae.
Integrating reinforcement learning with models of representation learning (2010)

Reinforcement learning (RL) shows great promise as a model of learning in complex, dynamic tasks, for both humans and artificial systems.However, the effectiveness of RL models depends strongly on the choice of state representation, because this determines how knowledge is generalized among states.We introduce a framework for integrating psychological mechanisms of representation learning that allows RL to autonomously adapt its representation to suit its needs and thereby speed learning.One such model is formalized, based on learned selective attention among stimulus dimensions.The model significantly outperforms standard RL models and provides a good fit to human data.
Active/dynamic stereo vision (1995)

Visual navigation is a challenging issue in automated robot control. In many robot applications, like object manipulation in hazardous environments or autonomous locomotion, it is necessary to automatically detect and avoid obstacles while planning a safe trajectory. In this context the detection of corridors of free space along the robot trajectory is a very important capability which requires nontrivial visual processing. In most cases it is possible to take advantage of the active control of the cameras. In this paper we propose a cooperative schema in which motion and stereo vision are used to infer scene structure and determine free space areas. Binocular disparity, computed on several stereo images over time, is combined with optical flow from the same sequence to obtain a relative-depth map of the scene. Both the time to impact and depth scaled by the distance of the camera from the fixation point in space are considered as good, relative measurements which are based on the viewer, but centered on the environment. The need for calibrated parameters is considerably reduced by using an active control strategy. The cameras track a point in space independently of the robot motion and the full rotation of the head, which includes the unknown robot motion, is derived from binocular image data. The feasibility of the approach in real robotic applications is demonstrated by several experiments performed on real image data acquired from an autonomous vehicle and a prototype camera head.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrafast Nanoimaging of Electronic Coherence of Monolayer WSe2 (2023)

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated a wide range of novel photonic, optoelectronic, and correlated electron phenomena for more than a decade. However, the coherent dynamics of their excitons, including possibly long dephasing times and their sensitivity to spatial heterogeneities, are still poorly understood. Here we implement adiabatic plasmonic nanofocused four-wave mixing (FWM) to image the coherent electron dynamics in monolayer WSe<sub>2</sub>. We observe nanoscale heterogeneities at room temperature with dephasing ranging from <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> ≲ 5 to <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> ≳ 60 fs on length scales of 50-100 nm. We further observe a counterintuitive anticorrelation between FWM intensity and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>, with the weakest FWM emission at locations of longest coherence. We interpret this behavior as a nonlocal nano-optical interplay between spatial coherence of the nonlinear polarization and disorder-induced scattering. The results highlight the challenges associated with heterogeneities in TMDs limiting their photophysical properties, yet also the potential of their novel nonlinear optical phenomena.
Complexity Theoretic Limitations on Learning DNF’s (2016)

Using the recently developed framework of [14], we show that under a natural assumption on the complexity of refuting random K-SAT formulas, learning DNF formulas is hard. Further-more, the same assumption implies the hardness of learning intersections of ω(log(n)) halfspaces, agnostically learning conjunctions, as well as virtually all (distribution free) learning problems that were previously shown hard (under complexity assumptions).
Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Study of the Octane, Emissions, and Fuel Economy Characteristics of Methanol-Gasoline Blends (1976)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A two phase test program was carried out on a single cylinder, fuel research engine (CFR) to determine the octane, emissions, and fuel economy characteristics of methanol-gasoline blends. The first phase of the work was an evaluation of the octane characteristics of methanol blended with unleaded gasoline. Blends ranging from 2% to 100% by volume methanol for four different base gasolines were knock rated. A simplified mathematical model of the results was developed to aid in comparing the effects of methanol on the octane ratings of the various base fuels. The results indicate that methanol can substantially increase both the Research and Motor Ratings of a relatively low octane unleaded gasoline. However, as the octane rating of the base gasoline is increased, the octane increase produced by the addition of methanol is reduced. For base fuels with Motor Ratings over 85 the addition of methanol has little effect on the Motor Octane rating. Comparisons and data for base fuels having Research Octane Numbers ranging from 81 RON to 98 RON are given.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The second phase of the test program was an evaluation of the emissions and fuel economy of a 10% by volume blend of methanol with two base fuels in the single cylinder engine. Clear Indolene and a 95 RON commercial gasoline were used for these tests. The results for the Indolene blend are presented since both fuels behaved in a similar manner. Where differences did exist appropriate comments are included. For the blends examined, the specific emissions (gm/ihp-hr) were changed very little by the addition of methanol when the engine was operating at equivalent spark, speed, and stoichiometry. Although the addition of methanol increased the ISFC, the thermal efficiency of the engine was not significantly changed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;General conclusions were that a blend of 10% methanol and gasoline demonstrated no significant change in the emissions or energy efficiency over the gasoline fueled engine when operated at equivalent conditions. Under some operating conditions, the addition of methanol could increase the octane rating of the base fuel. This increase could conceivably be enough to reduce knock problems in some vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of agronomic and fruit quality traits of miraculin transgenic tomato (2022)

Abstract. Carsono N, Desiana N, Nurrizqi FM, Elfakhriano IF, Anas, Sari S, Kusumiyati, Ohsawa R, Shimono A, Ezura H. 2022. Evaluation of agronomic and fruit quality traits of miraculin transgenic tomato. Biodiversitas 23: 2004-2009. Tomato cv. Moneymaker has been inserted with miraculin gene which can modify sour taste becomes sweet in the human tongue and, thus, it has potential as a sweetener. Evaluation of agronomic and fruit quality traits for this special transgenic tomato is a major concern that should be performed as substantial equivalence. The study's objective was to compare agronomic and fruit quality traits of transgenic miraculin tomato with those of its wild-type. The experiment employed a randomized block design, one genotype factor with two levels (transgenic vs. non-transgenic tomato cv. Moneymaker), and each was four replicates. Data were subjected to the Student t-test. The study revealed no significant differences between the transgenic tomato plants cv. Moneymaker and the wild type for important agronomic traits such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, fruit weight, fruit weight per cluster, fruit weight per plant, fruit diameter, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, and harvest index of miraculin. Some fruit quality traits such as fruit shelf-life, fruit hardness, total soluble solids, and content of glucose, sucrose, and fructose were equivalent to those of its counterpart, suggesting that miraculin transgene did not affect the expression of the observed traits. The miraculin transgenic tomato traits were more likely identical to those of wild-type except for the existence of the miraculin transgene. This will open the possibility for this special transgenic tomato to undergo further environmental safety assessment in the field test facility as a part of the biosafety assessment of genetically modified organism (GMO).
A novel criticality computation method in statistical timing analysis (2007)

The impact of process variations increases as technology scales to nanometer region. Under large process variations, the path and arc/node criticality provide effective metrics in guiding circuit optimization. To facilitate the criticality computation considering the correlation, the authors define the critical region for the path and arc/node in a timing graph, and propose an efficient method to compute the criticality for paths and arcs/nodes simultaneously by a single breadth-first graph traversal during the backward propagation. Instead of choosing a set of paths for analysis prematurely, we develop a new property of the path criticality to prune those paths with low criticality at very earlier stages, so that our path criticality computation method has linear complexity with respect of the timing edges in a timing graph. To improve the computation accuracy, cutset and path criticality properties are exploited to calibrate the computation results. The experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that our criticality computation method can achieve high accuracy with fast speed
Effects of Adjacent Vehicles on Judgments of a Lead Car During Car Following (2016)

Results suggest that nearby traffic can affect a driver's ability to accurately judge a lead car's motion in situations that pose risk for rear-end collisions.
Genetic immunization of mice with DNA encoding the 23 kDa transmembrane surface protein of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj23) induces antigen‐specific immunoglobulin G antibodies (1999)

The 23 kDa transmembrane surface protein of schistosomes is of recognized interest in studies of immune responsiveness in schistosomiasis. To examine the immunogenicity of the 23 kDa antigen of Schistosoma japonicum, Sj23, when delivered by genetic immunization, mice were immunized using a DNA construct containing the Sj23 cDNA under the control of a CMV promotor. Serological analysis of peripheral blood from immunized mice demonstrated that this construct was able to induce the production of antigen-specific IgG antibodies that recognized a schistosome antigen of 23 kDa in Western blots. Despite inducing antigen-specific antibodies, the Sj23 DNA vaccine was unable to confer protection in immunized mice subjected to challenge with S.japonicum cercariae. Appropriate engineering of the unique structure of the Sj23 kDa transmembrane protein of schistosomes may provide a novel vehicle for expressing foreign epitopes from other infectious agents or, possibly, cancer antigens, anchored to the surface of transfected cells.
Surface states and surface oxide in GaN layers (2001)

Surface photovoltage spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to correlate the chemical changes induced by HCl etching of GaN surface to changes in the yellow luminescence related states, through their manifestation in surface photovoltage. The results show a correlation between a removal of the gallium oxide from the surface and a reduction of the yellow luminescence related transition in the surface photovoltage spectra. Based on this observation, it is suggested that the well known yellow luminescence is emitted from surface states associated with the gallium oxide that decorates the free surface and possibly also the substrate interface and internal grain boundaries.
Interlayer coupling to enhance the energy storage performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–SrTiO3 multilayer films with the electric field amplifying effect (2018)

High energy storage density and good thermal stability are simultaneously achieved in a new lead-free relaxor ferroelectric 0.7Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>–0.3SrTiO<sub>3</sub>/0.6SrTiO<sub>3</sub>–0.4Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> multilayer film.
Neuere Methoden der präparativen organischen Chemie III 2. Darstellung von Estern, Amiden und Anhydriden der Phosphorsäure (1960)

Abstract Es wird über bekannte Phosphorylierungsmethoden referiert. Außerdem werden folgende neue Reaktionen beschrieben: Darstellung von Pyrophosphaten mit Isocyanat über die Carbamylphosphate; Reaktionen von Ketenacylalen zu unsymmetrischen Pyrophosphaten; Trichloracetonitril als Veresterungsmittel für Phosphorsäuren und die Darstellung von Geranylphosphat und Farnesylphosphat; Darstellung und Reaktionsweisen von Imidazoliden der Phosphorsäure.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): Directory Information Models (2006)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an Internet
protocol for accessing distributed directory services that act in
accordance with X.500 data and service models. This document describes
the X.500 Directory Information Models, as used in LDAP. [STANDARDS-
TRACK]