gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VARIATION IN THE PLANE OF CELL CLEAVAGE DURING THE PROCESS OF STRATIFICATION IN THE MOUSE EPIDERMIS (1970)

SUMMARY. The location and orientation of mitotic figures were recorded in the developing mouse epidermis from the initiation of stratification in the embryo to 32 days of post‐natal age. It was found that in the single‐layered stage mitotic figures were orientated to give a plane of cleavage at right angles to the epithelial surface to give daughter cells lying side by side, and that from the onset of stratification until the beginning of keratinization some 75–85% of mitotic figures in the basal layer were orientated to give horizontal cleavage, leaving one daughter cell on the basal layer and the other in the layer above. This contrasted with the orientation of the numerous mitotic figures in the supra‐basal layer, where 75–85% were partitioning vertically. In the later stages of stratification up to 32 days of post‐natal life, there was a progressive decline of mitotic figures outside the basal layer and a return of mitotic orientation in the basal layer to the vertical position. It was concluded that during the initiation of stratification superficial cells are recruited from the superficial daughter cells of horizontally cleaving basal cells whereas in the established keratinized epithelium these cells originate from upward migration of interphase basal cells.
A Design of Experiment (DoE) Approach to Model the Yield and Chemical Composition of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) Essential Oil Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Extraction (2021)

Ajowan (<i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> L.) is a spice traditionally used in Middle Eastern medicine and contains a valuable essential oil (EO) exploited in different fields, such as pharmaceutics, agrochemicals and food additives. This EO is mostly characterized by the thymol to which most of its biological properties are related. Given the economic value of ajowan and its increasing demand across the globe, the extraction method used for its EO is of paramount importance in terms of quality and quantity of the final product. In the present study, we used the design of experiment (DoE) approach to study and optimize the extraction of the ajowan EO using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), a novel extraction technique with high efficiency, low energy consumption, short process length and low environmental impact. A two-step DoE (screening followed by surface response methodology) was used to reduce the number of experiments and to improve the cost/benefit ratio. Reliable mathematical models, relating the more relevant EO features with the extraction conditions, were obtained and used to identify the best experimental conditions able to maximize the yield and thymol concentration. The optimized MAE procedure assures an EO with a higher yield and thymol amount compared with the standard hydrodistillation procedure.
Wireless power charging using point of load controlled high frequency power converters (2023)

An apparatus for wirelessly charging a battery of an electric vehicle is provided with a point of load control. The apparatus includes a base unit for generating a direct current (DC) voltage. The base unit is regulated by a power level controller. One or more point of load converters can be connected to the base unit by a conductor, with each point of load converter comprising a control signal generator that transmits a signal to the power level controller. The output power level of the DC voltage provided by the base unit is controlled by power level controller such that the power level is sufficient to power all active load converters when commanded to do so by any of the active controllers, without generating excessive power that may be otherwise wasted.
Author response: Evolving use of seizure medications after intracerebral hemorrhage: A multicenter study (2017)

We thank Srinivasan et al. for the interest in our article.1 We agree that the use of levetiracetam is rational and stated so in the last paragraph of the article.1 Separately, Srinivasan et al. state that clinicians “appreciate the futility of using prophylactic” seizure medications. It is not clear how best to reconcile the rational and common use of levetiracetam with the potential futility of this approach. Definitive clinical trials are needed to determine whether prophylactic seizure medications alter patient outcomes and the occurrence of seizures in high-risk patients.
Graphical and Numerical Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Sensing Time Lag (2009)

In this data set, substantial blood-to-sensor time delays were observed, possibly because of both blood-to-interstitial glucose transport and instrumental delay. Analysis of BG-CGM co-dynamics that is free from mathematical approximation of glucose fluctuations resulted in convenient visualization and numerical estimation of these delays.
Conversion Dependence of the Branching Density for the Polycondensation of ABn Monomers (1997)

The distribution function of differently branched molecules resulting from the ideal statistic condensation of AB2 functional monomers is calculated as a function of the conversion of the A groups. For these distribution functions the averaged branching parameters DBF = (number of terminal groups + number of dendritic groups)/degree of polymerization and DBHF = number of dendritic groups/maximum number of dendritic groups are calculated. In the more general case of ABn polycondensates, equations are given to calculate the weight fraction of branched units directly from the degree of A-group conversion. Additionally, expressions for the polycondensations kinetics are derived, yielding the conversion and the degree of polymerization as a function of time.
Analog circuit design : RF analog-to-digital converters; sensor and actuator interfaces; low-noise oscillators, PLLs and synthesizers (1997)

Part I: RF Analog-to-Digital Converters. Introduction. Design of a Silicon Bipolar Track&Hold IC for 1gsample/s and 10 bit Linearity over the Full Nyquist Band T. Baumheinrich, et al. Power and Scaling Rules of CMOS High-Speed A/D Converters A.G.W. Venes, R. van de Plassche. An Embedded 170-mW 10-Bit 50-MS/s CMOS ADC IN 1-mm2 K. Bult, A. Buchwald. Architectures and Circuits for A/D and D/A Conversion in CMOS Integrated Systems for Telecom Applications J. Sevenhans, Z.-Y. Chang. A 12 bit, 50 Msample/s Cascaded Folding & Interpolating ADC P. Vorenkamp, R. Roovers. Linearizing a 128 Msample/s ADC R. Jewett, et al. Part II: Sensor and Actuator Interfaces. Introduction. Advances in State-of-the-Art in Smart Sensor Signal Conditioning J. Bryzek, A. Rastgar. Low-Power Sensor Interfaces T. Smith, et al. Capacitive Interfaces for Monolithic Integrated Sensors B. Boser. Low-Cost Interfaces for Sensors and Sensor Systems F. van der Goes, G. Meijer. Integrated Sensor Systems in CMOS Technology B. Hosticka. Compensation and Calibration of IC Microsensors A. Haberli, H. Baltes. Part III: Low-Noise oscillators, PLL's and Synthesizers. Introduction. How Phase Noise Appears in Oscillators A. Abidi. Synthesizer Architectures C. Vaucher. Fully Integrated Low Phase-Noise VCOs: from Post-Processing to Standard CMOS M. Steyaert, J. Craninckx. Modeling and Simulation of Jitter in Phase-Locked Loops K. Kundert. Phase Noise, Signal Power and Current Consumption in CMOS Colpitts Oscillators Q. Huang. Noise in Fully Integrated PLL's G. Palmisano, et al.
The James Webb Space Telescope (2006)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6 m), cold (<50 K), infrared (IR)-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next decade into orbit around the second Earth–Sun Lagrange point. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-IR camera, a near-IR multiobject spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover the wavelength range, 0.6 < ; < 5.0 μ m, while the mid-IR instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 < ; < 29 μ m. The JWST science goals are divided into four themes. The key objective of The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme is to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. The key objective of The Assembly of Galaxies theme is to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. The key objective of The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme is to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary systems. The key objective of the Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme is to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Within these themes and objectives, we have derived representative astronomical observations. To enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package, a spacecraft, and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments, some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The instrument package contains the four science instruments and a fine guidance sensor. The spacecraft provides pointing, orbit maintenance, and communications. The sunshield provides passive thermal control. The JWST operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities.
Characterizing Viscoelastic Modulations in Biopolymer Hydrogels by Coherence-Gated Light Scattering (2017)

pH-responsive hydrogels are of great interest for the controlled release of drugs. However, the changes in the structural and mechanical properties of hydrogels during the pH-responsive swelling/contraction process remains largely unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that coherence-gated dynamic light scattering can be used to in situ characterize the structural dynamics of chitosan (CS) hydrogels at different pH values and show that the CS hydrogels undergo viscoelastic modulations during the swelling/contraction/recovery process induced by pH changes. The conditions for the CS hydrogels to undergo these modulations are found by continuously monitoring the nonequilibrium, long-term dynamical process. Our findings are in a close correspondence to the macroscopic observations made at time points where the CS hydrogels are at equilibrium.
Synthesis and properties of disilanylene‐containing polymers (1996)

Abstract Alternating polymers, poly[(disilanylene)ethynylene]s and poly[(1, 2‐diethynylenedisilanylene)(1‐silacyclopenta‐2, 4‐diene‐3, 4‐diyl)]s were prepared by the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of 1, 2, 5, 6‐tetrasilacycloocta‐3, 7‐diynes and 4, 5, 10‐trisilacyclo[6.3.0]undeca‐1(11), 8‐diene‐2, 6‐diynes, respectively. Poly[(disilanylene)butenyne‐1, 4‐diyl]s were synthesized by the reaction of 1, 2‐diethynyldisilanes with a catalytic amount of RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 . Photochemical and conducting properties of the polymers are described.
Effect of Cumulative Damage on Rocket Motor Service Life (2015)

Two series of antihail rocket propellant grains failed only 3 months after production, due to the appearance of cracks in the grain channel. Structural integrity analysis demonstrated sufficient reliability at the beginning of service life. Further analysis showed that under temperature loads, cumulative damage during the short period in field stocks caused the grain failure, despite the established opinion that such failure can become significant only after lengthy storage. A linear cumulative damage law is evaluated by exposing a number of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellant specimens to different but constant stress levels. The analysis showed that cumulative damage must not be overlooked at the design stage. Further, a positive correlation between the propellant cumulative damage law and tensile strength is strongly indicated.
Temperature Dependence of Solid-State Electron Exchanges of Mixed-Valent Ferrocenated Au Monolayer-Protected Clusters (2014)

Electron transfers (ETs) in mixed-valent ferrocene/ferrocenium materials are ordinarily facile. In contrast, the presence of ~1:1 mixed-valent ferrocenated thiolates in the organothiolate ligand shells of <2 nm diameter Au225, Au144, and Au25 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) exerts a retarding effect on ET between them at and below room temperature. Near room temperature, in dry samples, bimolecular rate constants for ET between organothiolate-ligated MPCs are diminished by the addition of ferrocenated ligands to their ligand shells. At lower temperatures (down to ~77 K), the thermally activated (Arrhenius) ET process dissipates, and the ET rates become temperature-independent. Among the Au225, Au144, and Au25 MPCs, the temperature-independent ET rates fall in the same order as at ambient temperatures: Au225 > Au144 > Au25. The MPC ET activation energy barriers are little changed by the presence of ferrocenated ligands and are primarily determined by the Au nanoparticle core size.
No Stirring Necessary:  Parallel Carbonylation of Aryl Halides with CO and Various Alcohols under Pressure (2003)

The parallel carbonylation of aryl halides with 6-25 bar of CO in 1-mL vials in a standard autoclave was investigated. 4-Bromoacetophenone and 2-chloropyridine were used as model substrates with 102 different O-nucleophiles (primary and secondary alcohols, phenols). No inertization during the loading was necessary. Fifty esters (43 new, yield up to 60%) were isolated and characterized. Ether, ester, ketone, and sometimes even olefin functions were usually tolerated. The new method is suitable for screening and small scale products synthesis.
p -type doping efficiency of MoO3 in organic hole transport materials (2009)

We report on the p-type doping efficiency of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in the ambipolar organic charge transport material 4,4′-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)-biphenyl (CBP). Kelvin probe analysis is used to study the work function with increasing thickness of doped CBP layers with varied MoO3 concentration deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO). Based on the model of a one-sided abrupt (n+p) junction between ITO and the MoO3 doped CBP layer, the density of free holes has been determined. A surprisingly low p-type doping efficiency of less than 2% has been derived. Segregation and clustering of the MoO3 dopant could explain these results.
Vibration damping with negative capacitance shunts: theory and experiment (2008)

This paper analyzes in detail the enhancement of piezoelectric stack transducers by means of the well known 'negative' capacitive shunting. The stability is thoroughly studied: starting from the electrical admittance curve of the transducer, a method is introduced that quantifies the stability margins of the shunted structure. Two different implementations (series vs parallel) are investigated, and the lack of robustness of the parallel one is demonstrated.
Gomphocantharellus, a new genus of Gomphales (2022)

The genus <i>Gomphocantharellus</i> and species <i>Gomphocantharellus cylindrosporus</i> are proposed as new based on morphological assessments and molecular phylogenetic evidence inferred from nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (mt) adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) subunit 6 (<i>atp6</i>) and mt small subunit rDNA (mtSSU). Basidiomes of <i>G. cylindrosporus</i> are characterized by the peach to pinkish orange color, cantharelloid habit with a gill-like hymenophore with obtuse edges, smooth and cylindrical to allantoid basidiospores, and cylindrical to narrowly clavate flexuous pleurocystidia. The species resembles a species of <i>Cantharellus</i> but differs from the latter by the cylindrical basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses confirm the placement of <i>Gomphocantharellus</i> as an independent lineage within the order Gomphales.
The Stereoselective Synthesis of Neolignans (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regulating Angiogenesis with Light‐Inducible AntimiRs (2013)

The inhibition of microRNAs (miRs) in a spatiotemporally defined manner by an exogenous trigger would help to specifically target the biological activity and avoid off-target effects. Novel antimiRs directed against miR-92a can be activated by irradiation (see scheme; 3'-UTR=3'-untranslated region) In this way miR-92a is inhibited, the miR-92a target integrin α5 is derepressed, and angiogenesis of endothelial cells is enhanced.
A study of synchronous machine modeling about synchronizing phenomena (2005)

This paper describes the study of synchronous machine modeling particularly with emphasizing on synchronizing phenomena. The authors proposed a graphical method to investigate the induced spiky voltage, examined the transient phenomena by the electromagnetic transient program (ATP-EMTP) and compared the results with the experimental data
Studies on interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte-cellulose systems. I. Formation and structure of adsorbed layers of cationic polyelectrolyte-(poly-DMDAAC) on cellulose fibers (1978)

An investigation of the conditions for monolaver or multilayer formations of cationic polyelectrolyte on cellulose fibers using adsorption, hydrodynamic permeability, and electrokinetic measurements is described. ζ-potential measurements by streaming current method were made on polymer-treated fiber pads. Monolayer formations on cotton linter (CT) fibers and dissolving pulp (DP) and multilayer formation on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) fibers were demonstrated. Monolayer formation proceeds by electrostatic interaction and Van der Waals force until all the negative charges of the fibers are neutralized. After charge neutralization, adsorption proceeds by Van der Waals force until formation of a saturated monolayer is completed. Multilayer formation proceeds mainly by electrostatic force until all the carboxyls of the fibers are neutralized. The presence of excess negative charge due to unneutralized carboxyls at the point of monolayer formation on CMC is the prerequisite for further adsorption to form a saturated multilayer. Affinity of the interactions, configurations of the adsorbed polymer chains, thickness of monolayer and multilayer, the effect of polymer molecular weights, and the stoichiometry of charge neutralization are discussed. A multilayer adsorption model is proposed to account for the experimental data.
Macrocyclic .pi.-Conjugated Carbopolyanions and Polyradicals Based upon Calix[4]arene and Calix[3]arene Rings (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic .pi.-Conjugated Carbopolyanions and Polyradicals Based upon Calix[4]arene and Calix[3]arene RingsAndrzej Rajca, Suchada Rajca, and Shailesh R. DesaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2, 806–816Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00107a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00107a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Introduction (1997)

The rise of a Protestant Patriot movement has long formed a standard theme in histories of eighteenth-century Ireland. Accounts typically reach their apex with the Volunteers and the winning of legislative independence in 1782–1783. Not that 1782 by any means marked the end of Protestant involvement; but with the United Irishmen of the 1790s Patriotism fractured, and was eclipsed by the act of union with Britain in 1800. Thereafter, most Protestants quickly embraced what would turn out to be a lasting unionist position. This book investigates the evolution of Dublin civic Patriotism and its relationship (particularly of an ideological kind) with Protestant Patriotism in general, how Patriotism began to be depicted as a form of nationalism, views of Patriotism in contemporary political thought, Ireland's domination by a conquering aristocracy, guilds and corporations, the rise of a Patriot movement among Irish Protestants, and how and why the Dublin Patriots of the eighteenth century embraced Unionism during the Victorian age.
Biocompatible implants for the sustained zero‐order release of narcotic antagonists (1975)

Implantable, sustained release drug delivery devices offer benefits not obtained through oral ingestion or injection. These include delivery at a constant therapeutic rate, thus avoiding adverse intermittent and massive dose effects, as well as reliance upon patients taking their prescribed dosages. The drawbacks to their widespread acceptance have been their inability to maintain a zero-order release rate over an extended period of time and poor biocompatibility. Devices capable of satisfying these requirements have been developed and tested extensively for in vitro release of the narcotic antagonist cyclazocine. By using implant models prepared from Hydron, a hydrophilic polymer known to exhibit excellent tissue compatibility, we have found that the release rate could be precisely regulated by proper geometry, copolymer composition, concentration of ionogenic groups and cross-link density. Devices in such varied forms as capusles, barrier-film coated tablets and bulk polymerized rods have been tested in vitro for periods approaching 1 year.
The Internet and the revolution in distribution: a cross-industry examination (1999)

Distributors and channels of distribution have existed since time immemorial. Channels of distribution have existed to get products to consumers cheaper, faster, and more effectively. Distribution encompasses various types of activities, depending on the type of and point in the supply chain where value is added. A supply chain constitutes a set of activities ranging from production and manufacturing, to logistics, warehousing, transportation, and final delivery of goods to the customer (Handfield RB, Nichols EL. Introduction to supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999). Through their interactions with suppliers, manufacturers, and end customers, distributors thus perform an important intermediary role in matching supply with demand. In this paper, the impact of the Internet on the value chain is discussed. In order to explore issues pertaining to this transformation in greater detail, three industries that have been either radically altered by the Internet, or that are facing tremendous challenges as they head into the future, are considered. They are (a) the retailing industry, (b) banking, brokerage and financial services, and (c) the music industry. The objective is to elicit the underlying managerial implications and imperatives through this cross-industry examination.