gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Igniting STEM in Kansas City (2018)

I am blessed to work for a company that gives 40 hours each year that I can spend doing community outreach. Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) activities specifically are my favorite way to spend these community outreach hours. With limited resources comes the desire to conserve or moreover plan a way to maximize the use of these valuable hours. The best way? Team up. Create an event called "Ignite." Invite a large number of middle school scholars, to talk and work with professionals to decide the courses the students will pursue in the future.
Laser mass-spectrometric studies of optical damage in CaF_2 (1987)

Resonance-ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) has been used as a diagnostic for interrogating optical damage events. RIMS involves multistep laser photoionization, generally through real intermediate states, followed by mass separation and detection. Uncoated CaF2 substrates were irradiated by pulses from a Nd:YAG laser operating at ω, 3ω, and 4ω. Interrogation of the ablated material revealed the presence of Ca atoms and CaF radicals after the onset of breakdown. Velocity distributions of these species have been measured. At an ablation wavelength of 1.06μm (ω), we observe a thermal (830-K) Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. At shorter wavelengths, deviations from purely Maxwellian distributions are observed. In addition, the multiphoton ionization excitation spectrum of CaF (F2Π ← X2Σ+) has been recorded as a function of ablation wavelength, and from this qualitative estimates of internal excitation are made. The results are discussed in terms of concepts developing in the study of laser damage and ablation.
Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma (2022)

Pure titanium is used in dental implants owing to its excellent biocompatibility and physical properties. However, the aging of the material during storage is detrimental to the long-term stability of the implant after implantation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to improve the surface properties and circumvent the negative effects of material aging on titanium implants by using a portable handheld nonthermal plasma device capable of piezoelectric direct discharge to treat pure titanium discs with nitrogen gas. We evaluated the osteogenic properties of the treated samples by surface morphology and elemental analyses, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that nonthermal atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma can improve the hydrophilicity of pure titanium without damaging its surface morphology while introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups, thereby promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osseointegration to some extent. Therefore, nitrogen plasma treatment may be a promising method for the rapid surface treatment of titanium implants.
Theory, Simulation, and Experiments on Moderate-Current Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillators (2021)

The magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) is a high power microwave device, similar to the magnetron, that produces its own insulating magnetic field through large, driven current (typically> 30 kA) rather than from external magnets. At the University of Michigan, the Brillouin flow model of crossed field diodes has been greatly expanded to include the coaxial MILO geometry. It produces the Buneman-Hartree condition for the first time. The same theory, in tandem with particle-in-cell simulations via CST-Particle Studio, were applied to design a MILO for moderate-current operation (less than 10 kA) on MELBA-C, which is a −300 kV, 10 kA, microsecond Marx-Abramyan generator. Comparison between the theory, simulation, and experiments will be discussed in full, as well as output characteristics of the experiment.
Additions and Corrections - Unsaturated Amines. IX. Through Bis-enamines to Aromatics (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAdditions and Corrections - Unsaturated Amines. IX. Through Bis-enamines to AromaticsNelson J. Leonard and Ronald R. SauersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 12, 1553Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online21 February 2003Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01118a632https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01118a632research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Argonne Target Library (2020)

As part of the proposal to DOE-NP for the Center for Accelerator Target Science (CATS) initiative, one of the objectives was to develop an inventory of existing targets that will serve as a pool available to the community. Targets collections have been recovered from Yale University due to the closing of their Tandem Accelerator Facility. In addition, accumulated targets from target preparation in the Physics Division over several decades have also been assembled with the intent of providing them to whomever would have a use for them. Space has now become available to compile, catalogue and house these collections. Thus, the Argonne Target Library has been established and its progress and outlook will be discussed in detail.
Musculoskeletal modeling and physiological validation (2014)

Digital human models are applied in human motion analysis and simulation. They can be applied in rehabilitation, sports science, biomedicine, and so on. The difficulty of validation of models and analysis algorithms constricts their practical usage. In this paper, we show our work on human motion analysis using a whole-body musculoskeletal model and validate the analysis results in terms of physiology. First, we build the detailed musculoskeletal model that represents the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of human body. Optical motion capture, force plates and electromyography(EMG) are used for human motion capture. We estimate the muscle tensions required to generate the captured motion sequence based on an inverse kinematics and dynamics computation and a mathematical optimization. The estimated muscle tensions for locomotion cycles are compared with the tensions computed from the simultaneously measured EMG data and a physiological muscle model. The model and the analysis algorithm are also applied to a neurophysiological phenomenon, the nontrivial preferred direction that is a result of the cosine tuning. Our model and analysis algorithm achieves results that correspond with the experimental physiological data well. The possible applications of our model and algorithm involve rehabilitation, sports science, biomedicine, and robotics, e.g. a controller of an exoskeletal robot for human support.
Single cell human genomic analyses: a way to refine the knowledge of cellular heterogeneity origins in individual subject (2021)

Single cell genomics performed on individual human subjects' tumors, neural tissues, and sperm samples revealed the existence of genetic heterogeneity arising through either mutations in exomes, deletions, recombinations, and duplications of DNA sequences, as well as aneuploidy. These genetic changes happen during cell cycles followed by cell division. The aim of this review is to strictly focus on single cell human genomics and intends to deliver information that can help to refine fundamental knowledge relating to genetic causes of cellular heterogeneity origins in both healthy and disease states. Allogenic heterogeneity as well as heterogeneity origins of cells possessing the same genome with different gene expression patterns is not the subject of this review. Future research still requires: a) improvement for complete and errorless DNA acquisition and sequencing of not only selected parts of the genome, and b) analyses of more samples that contain millions of cells. These data will deliver a more precise comparative representation of genetic diversity among single cells in an individual human subject. Consequently, we will be able to better distinguish between the role of genetic, versus epigenetic, and stochastic factors in the cellular diversity of over 30 trillion cells present in a human body.
Abstract 2102: Mechanism of Atrial Tachycardias Following Left Atrial Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Background: Patients who undergo left atrial (LA) ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) may develop organized atrial tachycardia (AT) during follow up. The mechanism of AT is not well described. Obj...
A Scaled Mesh/Nodal Formulation of Magnetic Equivalent Circuits With Motion (2018)

In this paper, the focus is on the efficient solution of magnetic equivalent circuits that include relative motion between components. It is shown that by combining the use of mesh and nodal analysis, one can avoid the need to restructure the circuit topology, which is a step encountered in strictly mesh-based approaches. In addition, one can overcome the poor convergence properties observed in strictly nodal-based formulations. A scaling of variables is introduced to ensure the condition that the number of the mixed mesh/nodal matrices remains relatively low. The proposed scaled model structure is then extended to magnetic equivalent circuits that are coupled to electrical systems for the analysis of dynamic performance. It is shown that the numerical properties of the coupled scaled model remain strong.
Design and Implementation of On-Line Hot Topic Discovery Model (2006)

因特网为信息传播成为了主要媒介，怎么在网上检测热话题，追踪事件开发并且预报紧急情况对许多域重要，特别地到一些政府部门。根据话题察觉的领域里的研究并且追踪，我们为将由自动地检测选出热话题的热话题发现建议一个模型，聚类并且在一个时间时期以内的网站上的 weighting 话题。基于股票索引的想法，我们也在跟随话题的生长介绍一条话题索引途径，它是有用的在网上分析并且预报话题的发展。
Predicting remaining useful life of an individual unit using proportional hazards model and logistic regression model (2006)

Reliability of an individual unit during field use is important in many critical applications such as turbine engines, life-maintaining systems and civil engineering structures. The remaining useful life (RUL) of the unit indicates its ability of surviving the operation in the future. When the failure indication (degradation) has been detected, it is essential to estimate the RUL accurately for making a timely maintenance decision for failure avoidance. In recent years, RUL prediction in service has received increasing attention. As many powerful sensors and signal processing techniques appear, multiple degradation features can be extracted for degradation detection and quantification. These features can serve as the basis for RUL prediction. This paper presents the proportional hazards model and logistic regression model, which relates the multiple degradation features of sensor signals to the specific reliability indices of the unit, and enable us to predict its RUL. Comparisons are made for the two models regarding their effectiveness and computation effort. An example of bearing test is provided to demonstrate the proposed approach in practical use. The results show that the models are capable of providing accurate RUL prediction to support timely maintenance decisions
Vaccines against Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza and the Implications of Changes in Substrates for Virus Production (2010)

Influenza virus changes constantly, making vaccine production challenging. Changing the growth substrate from eggs to cell culture raises issues at all stages of the process, from surveillance to the assay of vaccines. The pandemic threat-first H5N1, then H1N1-encouraged a review of methods and brought issues into sharp relief.
The effect of urban morphology on the solar capacity of three-dimensional cities (2020)

As a clean and renewable resource, solar energy is increasingly being used to relieve the pressures on environmental protection and the exhaustion of conventional energy. Although photovoltaic modules have been installed in many cities, the lack of quantitative mapping of the annual solar energy potential of urban surfaces hinders the effective utilization of solar energy. Herein, we provide a solar irradiation estimation solution for three-dimensional (3D) cities to quantify annual irradiations on urban envelopes and to investigate the effect of urban morphology on the resulting solar capacity. By modelling urban surfaces as 3D point clouds, annual irradiations of the point clouds were estimated. An empirical investigation across ten cities suggests that urban areas at lower latitudes tend to have larger values of annual irradiation; moreover, an area having greater building heights consistently has the largest third quartile of irradiation compared with lower buildings in the same city. Conversely, areas with many low buildings have a larger proportion of useable areas; in this arrangement, façades can optimally utilize solar energy, meaning that large irradiations are concentrated on certain façades. The Pearson correlation coefficients between solar capacity and urban morphology indices suggest that urban morphology has an important effect on solar capacity.
Comparison of three plating media for the isolation ofSalmonellafrom poultry environmental samples in Great Britain using ISO 6579:2002 (Annex D) (2009)

Salmonella isolation protocols should be reviewed in terms of their efficiency and cost.
The Effect of the Weight of Equipment on Muscle Activity of the Lower Extremity in Soldiers (2012)

Due to their profession and the tasks it entails, soldiers are exposed to high levels of physical activity and strain. This can result in overexertion and pain in the locomotor system, partly caused by carrying items of equipment. The aim of this study was to analyse the extent of muscle activity in the lower extremities caused by carrying specific items of equipment. For this purpose, the activity of selected groups of muscles caused by different items of equipment (helmet, carrying strap, backpack, and rifle) in the upper and lower leg was measured by recording dynamic surface electromyograms. Electrogoniometers were also used to measure the angle of the knee over the entire gait cycle. In addition to measuring muscle activity, the study also aimed to determine out what influence increasing weight load has on the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint during walking. The activity of recorded muscles of the lower extremity, that is, the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris, was found to depend on the weight of the items of equipment. There was no evidence, however, that items of equipment weighing a maximum of 34% of their carrier's body weight had an effect on the ROM of the knee joint.
Ultimate performance and limitations of optical PMD compensators controlled by a spectrum monitor (2005)

The suitability of a spectrum monitor for controlling an optical PMD (polarization mode dispersion) compensator is investigated. Both ideal and practical monitor implementations are considered and compared, and ultimate performance and limitations given.
A Static Analysis Framework For Detecting SQL Injection Vulnerabilities (2007)

Recently SQL injection attack (SIA) has become a major threat to Web applications. Via carefully crafted user input, attackers can expose or manipulate the back-end database of a Web application. This paper proposes the construction and outlines the design of a static analysis framework (called SAFELI) for identifying SIA vulnerabilities at compile time. SAFELI statically inspects MSIL bytecode of an ASP.NET Web application, using symbolic execution. At each hotspot that submits SQL query, a hybrid constraint solver is used to find out the corresponding user input that could lead to breach of information security. Once completed, SAFELI has the future potential to discover more delicate SQL injection attacks than black-box Web security inspection tools.
Uniform Mesoporous Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Multiple Magnetite Nanocrystals for Simultaneous Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fluorescence Imaging, and Drug Delivery (2009)

Highly versatile nanocomposite nanoparticles were synthesized by decorating the surface of mesoporous dye-doped silica nanoparticles with multiple magnetite nanocrystals. The superparamagnetic property of the magnetite nanocrystals enabled the nanoparticles to be used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the dye molecule in the silica framework imparted optical imaging modality. Integrating a multitude of magnetite nanocrystals on the silica surface resulted in remarkable enhancement of MR signal due to the synergistic magnetism. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), could be loaded in the pores and induced efficient cell death. In vivo passive targeting and accumulation of the nanoparticles at the tumor sites was confirmed by both T2 MR and fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, apoptotic morphology was clearly detected in tumor tissues of mice treated with DOX loaded nanocomposite nanoparticles, demonstrating that DOX was successfully delivered to the tumor sites and its anticancer activity was retained.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF PYRYLIUM SALTS CONTAINING α‐PYRIDYL GROUPS (1982)

Abstract Die direkte Darstellung von unsymm. Pyryliumsalzen wie (VI) aus entsprechenden Komponenten wie (I) und (II) wird durch Retroaldol‐Reaktion unter Bildung symm. Pyryliumsalze, z.B. (III), erschwert; dagegen sind die Salze (VI) in zwei Schritten über das Dion (V) zugänglich.
Role Of Rostral Ventrolateral Medullary ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK Signaling In The Pressor Effects Of Ethanol And Its Oxidative Product Acetaldehyde In SHRs (2012)

The mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) modulate sympathetic activity within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). As intra‐RVLM ethanol causes sympathoexcitation and hypertension in SHRs, we tested the hypotheses: (i) altered MAPKs phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in RVLM underlies ethanol hypertension, and (ii) acetaldehyde, oxidative product of ethanol, replicates molecular and related BP effects of ethanol. The BP effect of either drug was evaluated in presence of inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), ERK1/2 (PD98059), p38 (SB203580), or phosphatase (okadaic acid, OKA). Intra‐RVLM ethanol (10 μg) or acetaldehyde (2 μg) caused similar increases in BP. The pressor action is probably mediated via enhanced ERK1/2 activity because it was (i) paralleled with increased RVLM p‐ERK1/2, and (ii) abolished in PD98059‐treated SHRs. SP600125 abrogated ethanol‐but not acetaldehyde‐evoked hypertension, thus implicating JNK in ethanol effects. Despite increased p‐p38, pharmacological intervention revealed no role for p38 in ethanol hypertension. Although phosphatase activity was not altered by either drug, OKA increased baseline BP and abrogated the pressor effect of ethanol or acetaldehyde. Collectively, enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, without any changes in the dephosphorylation profile, accounts for the pressor effect of ethanol or acetaldehyde in SHRs.
Changes in the number of binding sites for ribonucleic acid polymerase in chromatin of WI-38 fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate (1974)

1. When WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts form confluent monolayers, DNA synthesis and cell division almost completely cease. A change of medium causes these density-inhibited cells to proliferate and within 1h after the application of the stimulus there is an increase in template activity of the chromatin isolated from stimulated cells. 2. The number of binding sites for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was determined on chromatin from WI-38 cells by two different methods, i.e. incorporation of [(3)H]UTP into RNA in the absence of reinitiation, and incorporation of [gamma-(32)P]GTP into chain termini. 3. Both methods indicate that the capacity of chromatin to bind E. coli RNA polymerase is increased in WI-38 cells stimulated to proliferate. 4. The increase in the number of binding sites for E. coli RNA polymerase parallels the increase in chromatin template activity and suggests that the latter reflects an increase in the number of initiation sites, rather than an increase in the rate of transcription.
Increase of Fluorescence Anisotropy Upon Self‐Assembly in Headgroup‐Labeled Surfactants (2007)

The change in fluorescence anisotropy upon micellization in headgroup-labeled surfactants is investigated. After eliminating the likelihood of depolarizing RET, anisotropy is shown to increase upon self-assembly due to increased rotational correlation times of the fluorophore. This is shown using two surfactant-fluorophore systems. Anisotropy in NBD-labeled phospholipids is studied both in chloroform (unaggregated) and in water (unilamellar vesicles), while in tryptophan-containing peptide-amphiphiles, the variation of anisotropy with concentration leads to a reasonable measurement of CAC. Anisotropy increase is shown to be largely the product of increased rotational correlation times for the fluorophore, relative to its tau. These results serve as a basis for future work that measures the amount of depolarizing energy transfer, characterizing distances between similar fluorescent headgroups on mixed micelles.
Short Notices (1965)

Short Notices W. OGWEN WILLIAMS W. OGWEN WILLIAMS University College of WalesAberystwyth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXVI, July 1965, Pages 585–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXVI.585 Published: 01 July 1965
Practising Place – Vocal landscapes: bodies, language and place (2016)

Practising Place is a programme of public conversations, designed to examine the relationship between art practice and place. Each event is hosted at a different venue in the North of England and explores a specific aspect of place by bringing artists together with people from different backgrounds, who share a common area of interest.&#13;\n&#13;\nVocal Landscapes examined the role of language within experiences of place. Referencing locations such as the Lake District and the West Yorkshire estate of Whitley Beaumont, Amelia Crouch, in conversation with David Cooper, discussed how forms of language are used to govern, frame and re-inscribe particular places. Drawing on their individual research, the speakers also considered how place writing and visual art can expose the inherent tensions and hidden voices of landscapes, by attending to the intertextuality of place.
Endotoxin-induced lethality in neonatal mice is counteracted by interleukin-10 (IL-10) and exacerbated by anti-IL-10 (1997)

The lethal effects occurring in neonatal (<24-h-old) BALB/c mice after challenge with 25 mg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per kg of body weight were significantly counteracted by pretreatment with recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL-10; 25 or 50 ng/mouse). Concordantly, blockage of endogenous IL-10 with the SXC1 monoclonal antibody increased LPS-induced mortality. Both IL-10 and SXC1 modulated the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) so that, relative to controls, peak TNF-alpha values after LPS challenge were decreased by rIL-10 and increased by anti-IL-10.