gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of reactive mass‐exchange networks with general nonlinear equilibrium functions (1994)

Abstract The problem of synthesizing reactive mass‐exchange networks (REAMENs) is addressed for which the equilibrium relations governing the transfer of a certain species from rich streams to reactive mass‐separating agents are nonlinear (convex and/or nonconvex). Previously developed synthesis procedures for REAMENs are not applicable to such cases, since they were developed for cases of linear and/or convex equilibria. Two peculiar phenomena are associated with REAMENs with general nonlinear equilibria: the location of a mass‐exchangers may straddle the pinch point even for networks featuring the minimum cost of mass‐separating agents. To account for such intriguing characteristics, a systematic procedure is developed to synthesize cost‐effective REAMENs with general nonlinear equilibria. In addition, a robust solution procedure is devised to guarantee the identification of the global solution of the developed optimization programs. Applicability and usefulness of the proposed synthesis procedure are demonstrated via a case study on the desulfurization of gaseous wastes from a coal‐to‐methanol plant.
Synthesis and characterizations of cyclometalated iridium(III) solvento complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterizations of cyclometalated iridium(III) solvento complexesB. Schmid, F. O. Garces, and R. J. WattsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1, 9–14Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00079a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00079a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2061Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of piezoelectrically induced actuation of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals (2005)

Single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) are active materials that produce strain when a magnetic field is applied. The large saturation strain (6%) of Ni-Mn-Ga and material energy density comparable to piezoelectric ceramics make tetragonal Ni-Mn-Ga an interesting active material. However, the usefulness of the material is limited by the need for electromagnets to produce a magnetic actuation field. In this paper, an actuation method for shape memory alloys in the martensitic phase is described, in which asymmetric acoustic pulses are used to drive twin boundary motion. Experimental actuators were developed using a combination of Ni-Mn-Ga FSMA single crystals and a piezoelectric stack actuator. In bidirectional actuation without load, strains of over 3% were achieved using repeated pulses (at 100 Hz) over a 30 s interval, while 1% strain was achieved in under 1 s. The maximum strains achieved are comparable to the strains achieved using bidirectional magnetic actuation, although the time required for actuation is longer. No-load actuation also showed a nearly linear relationship between the magnitude of the asymmetric stress pulse and the strain achieved during actuation, and a positive correlation between pulse repetition rate and output strain rate, up to a pulse repetition rate of at least 100 Hz. Acoustic actuation against a spring load showed a maximum output energy density for the actuator of about 1000 J/m<sup>3</sup>, with a peak-to-peak stress and strain of 100 kPa and 2%, respectively.
Balancing Supercapacitor Voltages in Modular Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Circuits (2021)

At present, passive balancing methods dominate energy storage applications, however, they suffer from a long balancing duration. In this article, we took advantage of a modular architecture, where several modular power converters replace a central dc&#x2013;dc converter for fast charging and balancing of a supercapacitor stack. A strategy has been proposed to control how power is shared among the converters during the charging period in order to balance the supercapacitors. However, some converters enter control saturation due to voltage differences between supercapacitors caused by their nonuniform conditions and characteristics. The originality of this article lies in taking into account the saturation by modifying an energy-based strategy to correct the power shares and make balancing the supercapacitors possible. Simulation and experimental case studies were used to demonstrate the strategy&#x0027;s performance and limitations.
Ultraviolet-Induced Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid in a Model Juice System: Identification of Degradation Products (2011)

Degradation products of ultraviolet (UV-C, 254 nm) treated ascorbic acid (AA) are reported. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) conducted in a 0.5% malic acid model juice system (pH 3.3) demonstrated increased degradation of AA above untreated controls with concomitant increases in dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and 2,3-diketogulonic acid (DKGA) levels. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy studies, conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to increase detection sensitivity, demonstrated that ascorbyl radical (AA•) formation occurs simultaneously with AA degradation. Consistent with a previous study in which UV treatments were shown to accelerate dark storage degradation, AA• radicals continued to form for up to 200 min after an initial UV treatment. Results from this study suggest that the mechanism for UV-induced degradation is the same as the general mechanism for metal-catalyzed oxidation of AA in juice.
Evaluation of Monoaminergic Neurotransmitters in the Rat Striatum during Varied Global Cerebral Ischemia (1994)

Neurotransmitter release during cerebral ischemia has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic neuronal death. The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during ischemia. The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites under varied degrees of ischemia in rat striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Twenty rats were used to induce varied forebrain ischemia by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic hypotension. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of hydrogen clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. Dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of ischemia were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of ischemia. In the mild ischemia group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of dopamine. In the moderate ischemia group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of dopamine (24-fold) and serotonin (5-fold). In the severe ischemia group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in dopamine (462-fold) and serotonin (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tietoturvan ja tietosuojan kehittäminen pilviteknologiassa : standardit ja kehysmallit sekä riskienhallinnan näkökulma (2010)

Informaatioteknologian kehityksen myötä on syntynyt idea tietojenkäsittelyn myymisestä palveluna minkä tahansa hyödykkeen tavoin. Kustannustehokas, skaalautuva ja helppokäyttöinen pilviteknologia herättää mielenkiintoa eri puolilla maailmaa. Internetin yli tarjottavien pilvipalveluiden tietoturva ja tietosuoja vaativat kuitenkin erityishuomiota yritysten ulkoistaessa tietojenkäsittelynsä kolmannen osapuolen hoidettavaksi. Tietoturvan tai tietosuojan pettäminen on merkittävä riski eri osapuolille. Tästä syystä yritysten liikesalaisuudet tai yksilöiden arkaluontoiset tiedot tulee riskien realisoitumisen välttämiseksi suojata asianmukaisin keinoin. Erilaisten tietojenkäsittelystandardien ja - kehysmallien avulla on mahdollista kiinnittää erityishuomiota pilviteknologian turvallisuuteen sekä minimoida siihen kohdistuvia riskejä. Pilviteknologian ajankohtaisuus ja henkilökohtainen mielenkiinto standardeja kohtaan vaikuttivat tutkielman aiheen valintaan. Tutkielmassa käsiteltiin kirjallisuuden ja haastattelujen avulla, kuinka tietoturva ja tietosuoja voidaan ottaa huomioon kehitettäessä pilviteknologiaa tai pilvipalveluita erilaisten standardien ja kehysmallien avulla. Laadullisen tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli käsitellä aihetta mahdollisimman monipuolisesti. Tutkielmassa selvitettiin myös palvelutasosopimusten,teknisesti toimivien ja laadukkaiden tietojenkäsittelyratkaisujen sekä kypsyysmallien potentiaalia riskejä pienentävinä tekijöinä. Tästä syystä tutkielmassa on lisäksi riskienhallinnallinen näkökulma. Saatujen tulosten perusteella havaittiin, että tietoturva ja tietosuoja huomioidaan yrityksissä erilaisten määriteltyjen käytäntöjen, prosessien ja vaatimusten avulla. Tämän lisäksi havaittiin, että tietoturvaan ja tietosuojaan liittyviä riskejä voidaan minimoida monipuolisesti tutkielmassa käsitellyillä tavoilla. Tutkimustulokset vahvistavat kirjallisuudessa esiintyviä ilmiöitä sekä tarjoavat uutta pohdittavaa pilviteknologian kehittämiseen.
Precise Synthesis of Macromolecular Architectures by Novel Iterative Methodology Combining Living Anionic Polymerization with Specially Designed Linking Chemistry (2017)

This article reviews the development of a novel all-around iterative methodology combining living anionic polymerization with specially designed linking chemistry for macromolecular architecture syntheses. The methodology is designed in such a way that the same reaction site is always regenerated after the polymer chain is introduced in each reaction sequence, and this "polymer chain introduction and regeneration of the same reaction site" sequence is repeatable. Accordingly, the polymer chain can be successively and, in principle, limitlessly introduced to construct macromolecular architectures. With this iterative methodology, a variety of synthetically difficult macromolecular architectures, i.e., multicomponent μ-star polymers, high generation dendrimer-like hyperbranched polymers, exactly defined graft polymers, and multiblock polymers having more than three blocks, were successfully synthesized.
Bicyclic Homodetic Peptide Libraries:  Comparison of Synthetic Strategies for Their Solid-Phase Synthesis (2003)

Preliminary studies and synthesis development for the preparation of a bicyclic homodetic peptide library have been carried out using orthogonal protection schemes. The best results have been obtained using two Fmoc/tBu-based strategies, in which the first cycle is carried out in the solid phase through side chain functional groups previously protected with Aloc/Al groups. The second cycle is performed either in the solid phase, which requires side chain anchoring of a trifunctional amino acid and Dmb protection for the C-terminus carboxyl group, or in solution, which requires the use of highly labile resins, such as the 2-chlorotrityl (Barlos) resin. Only when the cycles are formed in a ziplike manner, that is, first the small cycle and then the larger ring, is the desired final product obtained.
Biomechanical Comparison of Screw Fixation Versus a Cortical Button and Self-tensioning Suture for the Latarjet Procedure (2018)

Metal screws have been reported to be a large contributor to intraoperative and postoperative complications. Therefore, given the results of the current study, a suture button construct may be an alternative to metal screw fixation during the Latarjet procedure. However, further clinical studies are warranted.
Energy transfer from rare gases to surfaces: Collisions with gold and platinum in the range 1–4000 eV (1990)

We have measured the energy transferred to a gold surface by impinging ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ ions with kinetic energies in the range 5--4000 eV. This same quantity has been determined for He, Ar, and Xe atoms colliding with a Pt(111) surface. The ion studies employed a novel highly sensitive pyroelectric calorimeter together with a carefully designed compact ion gun. Pulses of nearly monoenergetic ions from the gun were directed at a gold film evaporated directly onto a pyroelectric material that develops a voltage proportional to the energy deposited. The atomic studies were made with supersonic beam techniques, whereby energy transfer is inferred from time-of-flight distributions of the incident and scattered species. The results from these very different experiments are in good agreement and give a fairly complete picture of energy transfer from incident rare-gas atoms and ions to these heavy-metal surfaces. For energies above about 10 eV, the ions transfer at least 60% of their energy, with Xe transferring the most and He the least. For lower incident energies, the energy transfer decreases, approaching zero-energy intercepts of \ensuremath{\sim}60%, 20%, and 5% for Xe, Ar, and He, respectively. The implications of these experimental results for the effective-mass concept, the binary-collision model, low-energy stopping powers, lattice penetration, and the theory of physical sputtering are considered, and we address the relevance of these findings to the technologically important processes of plasma etching and deposition of sputtered thin films and to particle-spacecraft interactions and controlled thermonuclear fusion.
Reassessing the Assessment (1999)

Journal Article Reassessing the Assessment Get access MIKE FISHER MIKE FISHER Professor Mike Fisher is Diretor of Research at the National Insitutute for Social Work Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 29, Issue 1, February 1999, Pages 173–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011425 Published: 01 February 1999
Analysis and Improvements of Highly Accurate Dynamic Current Mirrors (1989)

Possibilities and improvements are considered of realizing highly accurate dynamic current mirrors based on dynamic analog techniques. These current mirrors, which individually memorize the-input current, are insensitive to the transistor mismatch. The interferring parameters are presented, improvements proposed and experimental results shown.
miR-142-3p Expression Is Predictive for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Trauma Patients (2020)

miR-423-3p expression is significantly elevated after isolated traumatic brain injury and predictable for severe TBI in the first hours after trauma. miR-423-3p could represent a promising new biomarker to identify severe isolated TBI.
ChemInform Abstract: BILDUNG NEUER 1,5-DIAMINO-1H-(1,2,4)TRIAZOLO(1,5-C)CHINAZOLINIUM-BROMIDE (1973)

4-Chlorchinazoline (I) reagieren mit Hydrazin-hydrat zu den Aminotriazolen (II), die mit Bromcyan (III) die Triazolo-chinazolinium-bromide (IV) bilden.
Immune responses against Marek's disease virus (2010)

It is more than a century since Marek's disease (MD) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. Recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of MD virus (MDV), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. It is therefore essential to better understand the interactions between chickens and the virus. The chicken immune system is directly involved in controlling the entry and the spread of the virus. It employs two distinct but interrelated mechanisms to tackle viral invasion. Innate defense mechanisms comprise secretion of soluble factors as well as cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells as the first line of defense. These innate responses provide the adaptive arm of the immune system including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to be tailored more specifically against MDV. In addition to the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the outcome of MDV infection in chickens. This review discusses our current understanding of immune responses elicited against MDV and genetic factors that contribute to the nature of the response.
Therapieinduzierter immune escape beim Ovarialkarzinom – Adenosinproduktion über CD39 und CD73 als Angriffspunkt zur immunologischen Therapieadjuvanz bei Chemotherapie und Bestrahlung? (2014)

Fragestellung: Immune escape-Phänomene beeinflussen bedeutend die Prognose von Ovarialkarzinomen (OvCA). Die Adenosin-produzierenden Ectonukleotidasen CD39 und CD73 scheinen dabei von großer Bedeutung zu sein. Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet die Auswirkung verschiedener Chemotherapeutika sowie von Bestrahlung auf die Expression dieser beiden Ectonukleotidasen ebenso wie die resultierende Immunmodulation.
Compact and efficient injection of light into band-edge slow-modes (2007)

We design compact (a few wavelength long) and efficient (>99%) injectors for coupling light into slow Bloch modes of periodic thin film stacks and of periodic slab waveguides. The study includes the derivation of closed-form expressions for the injection efficiency as a function of the group-velocity of injected light, and the proof that 100% coupling efficiencies for arbitrary small group velocities is possible with an injector length scaling as log(c/vg). The trade-off between the injector bandwidth and the group velocity of the injected light is also considered.
Iontophoresis of Vidarabine Monophosphate for Herpes Orolabialis (1986)

The cutaneous application of antiviral agents was studied by iontophoresis, a process that increases penetration of most drugs 20- to 60-fold. Twenty-seven subjects with vesicular orolabial herpes were treated one time in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: nine received vidarabine monophosphate (ara-AMP), nine received acyclovir (ACV), and nine received NaCl. Ara-AMP-treated lesions yielded lower titers of virus after 24 hr compared with lesions treated with NaCl or ACV (P less than .05). Ara-AMP significantly decreased the duration of shedding of virus (P less than .05) and time to dry crust (P less than .05) compared with the other two agents. There was a trend toward decreased healing time after ara-AMP treatment.
Blockchains for decentralized optimization of energy resources in microgrid networks (2017)

We present an architecture for peer-to-peer energy markets which can guarantee that operational constraints are respected and payments are fairly rendered, without relying on a centralized utility or microgrid aggregator. We demonstrate how to address trust, security, and transparency issues by using blockchains and smart contracts, two emerging technologies which can facilitate decentralized coordination between non-trusting agents. While blockchains are receiving considerable interest as a platform for distributed computation and data management, this is the first work to examine their use to facilitate distributed optimization and control. Using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), we pose a decentralized optimal power flow (OPF) model for scheduling a mix of batteries, shapable loads, and deferrable loads on an electricity distribution network. The DERs perform local optimization steps, and a smart contract on the blockchain serves as the ADMM coordinator, allowing the validity and optimality of the solution to be verified. The optimal schedule is securely stored on the blockchain, and payments can be automatically, securely, and trustlessly rendered without requiring a microgrid operator.
Loss measurement in high voltage thyristor valves (1994)

No measuring method is presently available for direct and sufficiently accurate evaluation of power losses in thyristor valves used in HVDC converter substations and static VAr controllers. This paper presents a measuring method to be be used during the valve type tests with the intention to verify the guaranteed loss characteristic. The method was validated under laboratory conditions by comparison to a sophisticated calorimetric technique. An uncertainty of 1% was achieved at conditions simulating full load operation. Voltage across and current through the valve are recorded in discrete steps and digitized. The loss is then calculated as their product. Special current and voltage sensors were developed to cover a very high dynamic range of the measured quantities. A high resolution, multichannel digital recorder was used for simultaneous registration of two voltage and two current signals. The method is of a general application, since the valve is treated as a two port circuit. Therefore, it can be used to measure loss in other nonlinear components and apparatus, where large dynamic changes of the measured quantities preclude application of conventional techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrahigh-Hc granular media with [CoB∕Pt]n multilayer film sputtered under Ar+O2 atmosphere (2009)

We developed a [Co∕Pt]n multilayer film for fabricating a perpendicular recording film with an ultrahigh coercivity (Hc). Adding boron into each Co layer and further introducing O2 during deposition yielded a high Hc of 1200kA∕m. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements suggested that the intergranular exchange coupling was reduced to the level of conventional CoCrPt-oxide granular films. The [CoB∕Pt]n+O multilayer film is applicable to a hard magnetic layer in exchange-coupled composite media as well as energy-assisted magnetic recording media.
Autophagy in plants and phytopathogens (2010)

Plants and plant-associated microorganisms including phytopathogens have to adapt to drastic changes in environmental conditions. Because of their immobility, plants must cope with various types of environmental stresses such as starvation, oxidative stress, drought stress, and invasion by phytopathogens during their differentiation, development, and aging processes. Here we briefly describe the early studies of plant autophagy, summarize recent studies on the molecular functions of ATG genes, and speculate on the role of autophagy in plants and phytopathogens. Autophagy regulates senescence and pathogen-induced cell death in plants, and autophagy and pexophagy play critical roles in differentiation and the invasion of host cells by phytopathogenic fungi.