gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral ingestion of lactic-acid bacteria by rats increases lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-γ production (2002)

The effect of feeding lactic-acid bacteria on indices of functions of lymphocytes obtained from Peyer's patches, peripheral blood and spleen from inbred Wistar-Furth rats were studied. Rats were fed on purified diets supplemented with 350 g milk or yoghurt/kg diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, immune cells from the three sites were isolated and proliferation, interferon-γ production and lymphocyte subset composition were studied. Rats consuming yoghurt had a greater in vitro proliferative response to yoghurt bacteria in the three lymphoid compartments, a greater interferon-γ production in response to bacteria and concanavalin A in Peyer's patches and spleen, and a greater number of Peyer's patches B lymphocytes than milk-fed rats. Macrophage and T lymphocyte proportions and lymphocyte subset composition in the three sites were unaffected by yoghurt. These results indicate that feeding live bacteria contained in yoghurt may interact with the intestinal immune system, and influence the systemic immune system.
Mechanisms producing hypoxemia during hemodialysis (1984)

Arterial hypoxemia occurs frequently during hemodialysis. Proposed mechanisms for this phenomenon have included hypoventilation and embolism of granulocyte aggregates. We studied 18 patients with endstage renal failure who required chronic hemodialysis, and measured arterial blood gases, pulmonary gas exchange, and dialyzer gas exchange. During use of acetate as a dialysate buffer, PaO2 decreased to 80 +/- 6.8 torr, whereas during use of the bicarbonate buffer oxygen tension remained at 92 +/- 4.9 torr or greater. Hypoventilation and microembolism were not sufficient to explain the degree of hypoxemia during acetate dialysis. Hypoxemia occurred only after the 1st exposure to acetate; neither an instantaneous change to bicarbonate nor stopping dialysis restored oxygen tension to normal. We conclude that a pharmacologic action of acetate adversely affects lung function, aggravating the decreased alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) due to hypoventilation. Hypoxemia was not present when bicarbonate was used. Acetate buffer should not be used for dialysis in patients with unstable cardiovascular or respiratory systems.
A pseudo-π analogue of a Mulliken bπ.aσ type complex: The rotational spectrum of cyclopropane–chlorine monofluoride (1997)

The rotational spectrum of an asymmetric-rotor complex formed by cyclopropane with chlorine monofluoride has been observed by using a pulsed-nozzle, Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. A fast-mixing nozzle was employed to preclude any chemical reaction between the components. Ground-state spectroscopic constants A 0 , B 0 , C 0 , Δ J , Δ JK , δ J , χ aa (Cl), [χ bb (Cl)-χ cc (Cl)] and 12[M bb (Cl)+M cc (Cl)] were obtained by fitting observed transition frequencies for each of the two isotopomers (CH 2 ) 3 ··· 35 ClF and (CH 2 ) 3 ··· 37 ClF. A detailed interpretation of these constants leads to the conclusion that the three C nuclei, the Cl nucleus and the F nucleus are coplanar and that in the equilibrium conformation the axis of ClF coincides or nearly coincides with the a-axis of the complex, with Cl closer than F to the cyclopropane ring. The distance from the cyclopropane centre of mass to the Cl nucleus is 3.395(1) Å. Although the principal moments of inertia of the observed isotopomers of the complex are independent of the angle of rotation ϕ of the cyclopropane subunit about its local C 3 axis, it is most likely that the a-axis coincides with a median of the C 3 equilaterial triangle. In that case, the electrophilic end of δ+ ClF δ- interacts with the pseudo-π electron density of the C–C single bond, with r(*···Cl)=2.958(1) Å, where * defines the mid-point of the C–C bond. Comparison of the series B···HCl and B···ClF, where B is ethyne, ethene or cyclopropane, reveals that cyclopropane···HCl has an enhanced binding strength (as measured by the force constant k σ ) relative to other members of the B···HCl series that results from a secondary interaction between the nucleophilic Cl atom of HCl and the four equivalent H atoms at the binding edge of the cyclopropane subunit. The corresponding H···F secondary interactions are negligible in cyclopropane···ClF.
Initiales Zielsystem eines Batteriekonfigurators zur Konzeptionierung von Batteriesystemen in mobilen Anwendungen (2015)

The target is to design a model that supports the developer in the conceptual
design of a battery for an electric vehicle. Under given constraints,
different configurations of a battery in a drivetrain system will be generated
and can be compared. This paper presents the initial requirements on the
model. Thereby, technical requirements and requirements from the user’s
perspective are presented. Interactions between different subsystems of the
battery system are described qualitatively. The interactions must be taken
into account in the implementation of the battery model. The output variables
of the model are listed and their influence on the comparison and the evaluation
of the generated concepts are shown.
BLOG: Probabilistic Models with Unknown Objects (2007)

We introduce BLOG, a formal language for defining probability models with unknown objects and identity uncertainty. A BLOG model describes a generative process in which some steps add objects to the world, and others determine attributes and relations on these objects. Subject to certain acyclicity constraints, a BLOG model specifies a unique probability distribution over first-order model structures that can contain varying and unbounded numbers of objects. Furthermore, inference algorithms exist for a large class of BLOG models.
Nuclear Factor (Erythroid‐Derived)‐Related Factor 2‐Associated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Protection under Blue Light‐Induced Oxidative Stress (2016)

<i>Purpose</i>. It is a matter of increasing concern that exposure to light-emitting diodes (LED), particularly blue light (BL), damages retinal cells. This study aimed to investigate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage caused by BL and to elucidate the role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the pathogenesis of BL-induced RPE damage. <i>Methods</i>. ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line, and mouse primary RPE cells from wild-type and <i>Nrf2</i> knockout (<i>Nrf2</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice were cultured under blue LED exposure (intermediate wavelength, 450 nm). Cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on <i>NRF2</i> mRNA, and western blotting was performed to detect Nrf2 proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm of RPE cells. <i>Results</i>. BL exposure increased cell death rate and ROS generation in ARPE-19 cells in a time-dependent manner; cell death was caused by apoptosis. Moreover, BL exposure induced <i>NRF2</i> mRNA upregulation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation in RPE. Cell death rate was significantly higher in RPE cells from <i>Nrf2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice than from wild-type mice. <i>Conclusions</i>. The Nrf2 pathway plays an important role in protecting RPE cells against BL-induced oxidative stress.
Polycondensation Reaction Using the Tsuji-Trost Reaction, and a New Aspect of the Polycondensation via Controlled Reaction Pathways (2007)

The Tsuji-Trost reaction (TTR) has been one of the central topics in organic synthesis since its discovery. In spite of its spectacular success in organic synthesis, the typical reaction had not been utilized in polymer synthesis. Its uniqueness and effectiveness prompted us to develop the polymerization via TTR. Our examination of the reaction conditions revealed that 1, 4- bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb) as a ligand and N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide as a base were important. Degrees of polymerization in the polycondensation highly depend on the stoichiometric balance of the two monomers according to the Carothers-Flory equation. However, we found that the degrees of polymerization did not always depend on the stoichiometric balance of the monomers when the reaction pathways were controlled by catalysis. About sixty years later Carothers-Flory established the experimental and theoretical principles of homogeneous polycondensations, the highly controlled catalysis made a way to deviate the stoichiometric restriction in the polycondensation.
The histopathology of syphilis of the oral mucosa (2004)

Although no single microscopic feature is specific, a diagnosis of syphilis should be considered where there is unusual epithelial hyperplasia, granulomatous or plasma cell-predominant chronic inflammation, endarteritis and neuritis.
The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Selectively Suppresses GVHD, While Sparing GVT Effects (2015)

Antineoplastic MEK inhibitors have immunomodulatory activity. MEK inhibition selectively suppresses naïve/central memory T cells while sparing effector memory T cells, and delays the onset of murine GVHD (Shindo, Kim, Komanduri et al. Blood 2013). We investigated whether MEK inhibition selectively suppresses GVHD in additional murine BMT models, and whether Graft-versus-Tumor (GVT) effects are spared. We adopted three murine BMT models: 1) Transplantation of B6-BM and T cells into B6D2F1 mice (MHC-haploidentical BDF1 model); 2) Transplantation of B10.D2-BM and T cells into Balb/c mice (Skin GVHD and immune alopecia model); 3) Transfusion of P815 cells in the BDF1 model (GVT model). Various doses of the MEK inhibitor trametinib (or vehicle) were orally given. 15-days administration of trametinib significantly prolonged survival of GVHD mice (Fig. 1), and suppressed GVHD symptoms and pathology in the gut and skin. BDF1-GVHD mice revealed increased phosphorylation of ERK in peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells, which was suppressed by trametinib (Fig. 2). Trametinib also suppressed expansion and functional differentiation of donor T cells in vivo. Although high-dose trametinib (1.0 mg/kg/day) exerted toxicity, low-dose trametinib (0.1-0.3 mg/kg/day) was tolerable while still suppressing GVHD. Notably, in the GVT model, trametinib did not shorten survival of P815- and T cell-transplanted mice, indicating that it does not suppress GVT effects (Fig. 3). Furthermore, trametinib therapy did not interfere with engraftment nor expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (data not shown). These results confirmed that trametinib selectively suppresses GVHD-inducing T cells while sparing tumor-specific T cells and other cell subsets in vivo. Given the demonstrated safety of trametinib in clinical trials of melanoma, MEK inhibition may be a promising candidate for translational studies aimed at preventing or treating GVHD after allogeneic transplantation.Figure 2Peripheral blood T cells of BDF1-GVHD mice show increased phosphorylation of ERK, which is suppressed by TrametinibView Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Figure 3Trametinib spares GVT effectsView Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
A class of data-aided timing-recovery schemes (1995)

This paper develops a class of data-aided timing-recovery schemes whose structure and operating principle are reminiscent of zero-forcing equalizer adaptation. The schemes exhibit no pattern-dependent jitter and are applicable to a variety of modulation codes and reception techniques. They come in both oversampled and baud-rate forms, and permit maximum-likelihood tracking performance whenever the oversampling factor satisfies the sampling theorem. Subject to this condition, even simple schemes can be close to optimum. It is shown that various existing; schemes belong to the class under study or are closely related to it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RGDN peptide interaction with endothelial alpha5beta1 integrin causes sustained endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction of rat skeletal muscle arterioles. (1997)

The ability of an integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp-Asn (RGDN)- containing peptide to influence vascular tone by interacting with the alpha5beta1 integrin was studied using rat skeletal muscle arterioles. After blockade of beta3 integrin function, isolated arterioles with spontaneous tone showed concentration-dependent vasoconstrictions to topical application of GRGDNP, a peptide that shows a greater ability to interact with alpha5beta1 than with alphavbeta3. The constriction to GRGDNP (2.1 mM) was inhibited by blocking alpha5 integrin function, and was intensified by blocking beta3 integrin function. In contrast, GRGDSP, a peptide that interacts better with alphavbeta3, was unable to induce sustained constrictions. Removal of the endothelium abolished the vasoconstriction in response to GRGDNP, suggesting that the response was due to release of an endothelium-dependent factor. Indeed, blockade of ETA endothelin receptors with BQ-610 (1 microM), similar to removal of the endothelium and alpha5 integrin blockade, inhibited the vasoconstriction. These data indicate that interaction of RGD peptides, and in particular the RGDN sequence with endothelial cell alpha5beta1, causes endothelin-mediated arteriolar vasoconstriction. These results indicate that integrins are novel signaling receptors within the vascular wall that affect vasomotor tone, and may play an important role in vascular control.
Cerebral metabolism and consciousness (2003)

In vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the brain have measured rates of glutamate-glutamine cycle (Vcyc) and glucose oxidation (CMRglc(ox)) by detecting 13C label turnover from glucose to glutamate and glutamine. In both the awake human and in the anesthetized rat brains Vcyc and CMRglc(ox) are stoichiometrically related, and form a major pathway in which approximately 80% of the energy from glucose oxidation supports events associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The high energy consumption of the brain at rest and its quantitative usage for neurotransmission reflect a high level of neuronal activity for the non-stimulated brain. This high activity supports a reinterpretation of functional imaging data, e.g., where the large baseline signal has commonly been discarded. Independent measurements of energy consumption (delta CMRO2%) obtained from calibrated fMRI equaled percentage changes in neuronal spiking rate (delta nu %) measured by electrodes during sensory stimulation at two depths of anesthesia. These quantitative biophysical relationships between energy consumption and neuronal activity provide novel insights into the nature of brain function. The high resting brain activity is proposed to include the global interactions constituting the subjective aspects of consciousness. Anesthesia by lowering the total firing rates correlates with the loss of consciousness. These results, which measure the localized neuronal response and distinguish inputs of peripheral neurons from inputs of neurons from other brain regions, fit comfortably into the neuronal scheme of a global workspace proposed by Dehaene and Changeux.
Total synthesis of the-potent proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin: a useful tool for understanding proteasome biology (1999)

Epoxomicin (1), a peptide alpha',beta'-epoxyketone isolated from the actinomycete strain No.Q996-17, possesses potent in vivo anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we report the first syntheses of epoxomicin, [3H]-epoxomicin, and a biotinylated epoxomicin analog as well as the absolute configuration of the epoxide stereocenter. The natural product and derivatives have permitted the first identification of the proteasome as the specific cellular target of epoxomicin.
Mutational analysis of dendritic Ca2+ kinetics in rodent Purkinje cells: role of parvalbumin and calbindin D28k (2003)

Graphical Abstract Abstract figure legend HCN channels play an evolutionarily conserved pacemaker role in renal pelvic smooth muscle (RPSM) of lower and higher order mammals. The function of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels in smooth muscle pacemakers remains controversial. Renal pelvic smooth muscle pacemakers trigger smooth muscle contractions that expel waste from the kidney, and HCN channels have been localized to these pacemaker tissues. To date, however, the mechanisms underlying RPSM pacemaker activity remain elusive. RPSM pacemaker activity was investigated in both lower (top left) and higher order (bottom left) mammalian models, which exhibit divergent upper urinary tract anatomies. We performed morphological and functional studies from the single-molecule to the whole-organ level and showed that HCN channels drive RPSM pacemaker activity. RPSM pacemakers (boxed regions) integrated into the muscular syncytium, expressed HCN channels on their plasmalemma and exhibited the Ih ‘funny’ pacemaker current conducted by HCN channels. Critically, HCN channel block abolished electrical pacemaker activity and peristaltic smooth muscle contractions in both lower and higher order mammalian upper urinary tracts. Thus, HCN channels play an evolutionarily conserved pacemaker role in RPSM pacemakers.
Quarter-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide and Its Application to Antennas Design (2013)

A quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) which is the quadrant sector of a square waveguide resonator is proposed and investigated in this paper. The QMSIW is realized by bisecting the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) into two parts along the fictitious quasi-magnetic wall when it operates with TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">101</sub> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">202</sub> modes as the way bisecting the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to HMSIW. The QMSIW can almost preserve the field distribution of original SIW and leaky wave is achieved from the dielectric aperture of the QMSIW. When the feeding port is placed at one corner of the QMSIW, a linearly polarized radiation is obtained when the QMSIW resonates in TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">101</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">QM</sup> mode, and when the QMSIW resonates in TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">202</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">QM</sup> mode, a circularly polarized (CP) wave is achieved. An antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured based on the proposed QMSIW. The measurement results match with the simulation results very well.
Synergistic and overlapping activities of tumor necrosis factor- alpha and IL-1. (1988)

TNF-alpha and IL-1 induce the production of PGE2 from human chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and carcinoma cell lines. When combined at sub-optimal concentrations, TNF-alpha and IL-1 synergistically stimulate PGE2 production. The synergy of TNF-alpha and IL-1 on the induction of PGE2 is partially neutralized by specific antibodies. In vitro, human rTNF-alpha is directly cytotoxic to several human transplantable tumor cell lines. These include a human carcinoma, human chondrosarcoma, and a human transformed fibroblast cell line. The cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha was abrogated by a specific, neutralizing, polyclonal antibody. IL-1 had no direct cytotoxic effect on these cell lines; however, IL-1 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of TNF-alpha. The synergy of these two cytokines in the cytotoxic assay was neutralized by the addition of specific neutralizing antibodies.
Polymerized phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Synthesis and characterization (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Synthesis and characterizationSteven L. Regen, Alok Singh, Guenther Oehme, and Maninder SinghCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 3, 791–795Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00367a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00367a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dilation of difficult strictures of the esophagus. (1984)

In managing difficult esophageal strictures not amenable to the usual methods of dilation, a technique of fluoroscopic placement of a guide wire followed by controlled gradual dilation of the stricture has been described. The method is fully explained and is easily performed by a team of endoscopists-radiologists. Since this article was submitted, six additional patients have been dilated by the authors. In each, a stent was used to maintain patency of the strictured lumen.
Emergence of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (1995)

Penicillin resistance among strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has emerged as an important worldwide problem. Beta-lactam-resistant pneumococci also can be resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline and are uniformly susceptible to vancomycin and imipenem. Crowded conditions (e.g. daycare centers, hospitals, military barracks and prisons) and prior beta-lactam antibiotic therapy are the principal predisposing factors to colonization and disease. To date the two conditions caused by penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococci that have been especially difficult to treat are acute otitis media and meningitis. Concentrations of beta-lactams in cerebrospinal fluid and middle ear fluid are usually inadequate to achieve prompt eradication of some intermediately resistant and most highly resistant pneumococcal strains. Use of unconventional therapeutic agents such as ceftriaxone or clindamycin for acute otitis media and vancomycin or rifampin for meningitis may be necessary. Control of this global problem will require innovative methods to reduce the selective pressure that results from widespread antibiotic use and to develop effective pneumococcal vaccines that are immunogenic in young infants.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DEOXY‐3‐IODO SUGARS VIA ALKOXYPHOSPHONIUM SALTS (1979)

Abstract Aus Diacetonylglucose (I) entsteht mit Triphenylphosphin und Methyliodid ein Salz (II), das thermisch zum Iodid (III) gespalten wird.
Corrigendum to: Nuclear localization of a hypoxia‐inducible novel non‐symbiotic hemoglobin in cultured alfalfa cells1 (2000)

The first sentence of the final paragraph of Section 3.6 (Immunogold localization of Mhbl) should read: The result obtained by electronmicroscopic immunolocalization can be particularly important if we consider that heme can serve as a target of nitric oxide, the product of nitric oxide synthase [23], on one hand. Reference [23] is changed to: Gow, A.J. and Stamler, J.S. (1998) Nature 391, 169–173.