gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upon This Rock...A Foundational Space Situational Awareness Technology for 2030 (2007)

Abstract : The use of space permeates all aspects of the American way of life. If the U.S. is to protect its space capabilities, it must increase its space situational awareness (SSA) to provide the foundation for activities in space. In the year 2030, congestion will describe the space environment. Space debris will be abundant, and satellite size will diminish through technology proliferation. The Air Force, as the Executive Agent for Space, will need to diagnose and attribute space events to meet this threat; however, current radar and optical telescopes cannot resolve these small objects. Using fluoride fiber lasers will address the threat and technological imperatives because this technology can enable intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance collection capabilities from space. This paper postulates a conceptual SSA system using a fluoride fiber laser payload to investigate system performance in three 2030 space scenarios. This conceptual SSA system provides benefits to the U.S. in all three scenarios; however, the system still has impediments to overcome. This paper discusses the political, economic, and legal impediments to system development and recommends developments in pulsed fluoride fiber laser output power, fluoride fiber devices, and small pump lasers to overcome the technical challenges. In addition, the paper recommends follow-on SSA system concept exploration.
Experimental Investigation of Noble Viscoelastic Surfactant and Chelating Agent for Heavy Oil Enhanced Oil Recovery in High‐Pressure–High‐Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs (2020)

Abstract The success of chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) is significantly dependent on the type of reservoir and its pressure and temperature conditions. The recovery of heavy oil from carbonate reservoir using cEOR method is still challenging because of its highly complex internal structures and high pressure–high temperature (HPHT) conditions. This research work is the first account of the use of AGA‐97 (viscoelastic surfactant [VES)) along with a chelating agent diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) for their application in cEOR method in heavy‐oil‐carbonate reservoirs. Several core flooding experiments were carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of the VES AGA‐97 and chelating agent for cEOR method. The effect of VES on viscosity and interfacial tension was also studied with varying concentration, temperature, and time. The thermal stability of VES was analyzed with the help of thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. VES AGA‐97 was found to have high thermal stability in short‐term aging. The static adsorption and dynamic adsorption of VES AGA‐97 was studied with the help of total organic carbon analysis. After all the analysis, it was found that VES AGA‐97 and DTPA can be effectively used for cEOR method in carbonate reservoir at HPHT conditions, and the total additional oil recovery of 5.82–9.64% may be achieved.
Studies on lactams. Part 47. Penicillin and cephalosporin analogues with methylthio-substituents (1977)

J. L. Fahey, B. C. Lange, J. M. Van der Veen, G. R. Young and A. K. Bose, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1977, 1117 DOI: 10.1039/P19770001117
Cover Picture: Complementary Symmetry Silicon Nanowire Logic: Power‐Efficient Inverters with Gain (Small 10/2006) (2006)

The cover picture illustrates a complementary symmetry‐based inverter logic gate fabricated from dense arrays of silicon nanowires. Such logic circuits are highly energy efficient and exhibit gain, but require both p‐type and n‐type transistors (represented as the dark green and orange wires in the central drawing). The upper‐left electron micrograph shows an array of the 15‐nm‐wide silicon nanowires that were utilized to make the inverters. The upper‐right trace represents the output of the inverter: as the input ( x axis) voltage is increased, the output voltage ( y axis) switches from high to low. The background and bottom‐right micrographs are images of the actual circuits. For more information, please read the Communication “Complementary Symmetry Silicon Nanowire Logic: Power‐Efficient Inverters with Gain” by J. R. Heath and co‐workers on page 1153 ff.
Function-Oriented Development of CXCR4 Antagonists as Selective Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Entry Inhibitors (2015)

Motivated by the pivotal role of CXCR4 as an HIV entry co-receptor, we herein report a de novo hit-to-lead effort on the identification of subnanomolar purine-based CXCR4 antagonists against HIV-1 infection. Compound 24, with an EC50 of 0.5 nM against HIV-1 entry into host cells and an IC50 of 16.4 nM for inhibition of radioligand stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) binding to CXCR4, was also found to be highly selective against closely related chemokine receptors. We rationalized that compound 24 complementarily interacted with the critical CXCR4 residues that are essential for binding to HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop and subsequent viral entry. Compound 24 showed a 130-fold increase in anti-HIV activity compared to that of the marketed CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100 (Plerixafor), whereas both compounds exhibited similar potency in mobilization of CXCR4(+)/CD34(+) stem cells at a high dose. Our study offers insight into the design of anti-HIV therapeutics devoid of major interference with SDF-1α function.
A sensor-based approach to linear blur identification for real-time video enhancement (2009)

Super-resolution (SR) methods are largely affected by the accurate evaluation of the Point Spread Function (PSF) that is related to the input frames. When the frames are degraded by heavy motion blur, the PSFs are highly non-isotropic, which further complicates their estimation. The ill-posed nature of blur identification is usually addressed using the assumption of linear and uniform motion. However, in real-life systems, this may deviate significantly from the actual motion blur. To resolve the above, this work proposes combining a scheme that validates the initial motion assumption with the real-time reconfiguration property of an adaptive image sensor. If the linearity and uniformity assumption is invalid for a given motion region, the sensor is locally reconfigured to larger pixels that produce higher frame-rate samples with reduced blur. Once the appropriate configuration that gives rise to a valid motion assumption is applied, highly accurate PSFs are estimated, resulting to an improved SR reconstruction quality.
Formulations and processing of cementitious components to meet target strength and CO2 uptake criteria (2023)

Provided herein are compositions and methods of carbonation processing for the fabrication of cementitious materials and concrete products. Embodiments include manufacturing processes of a low-carbon concrete product comprising: forming a cementitious slurry including portlandite; shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and exposing the structural component to a CO2 waste stream, thereby enabling manufacture of the low-carbon concrete product.
Immunocytochemical localization of polyamines during attachment and spreading of retinal pigment epithelial and intestinal epithelial cells (2004)

In order to form and maintain a protective barrier for photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelium relies on integrin signaling and related pathways to form adhesion complexes, undergo cell spreading, and establish a confluent cellular monolayer. Polyamines are multifunctional polycations that are essential for cell attachment and spreading, although their exact mechanisms of action are as yet unclear. We report new immunocytochemical evidence suggesting that in the cells of retinal pigment epithelium and also the intestinal epithelium, polyamines are present in a population of intracellular vesicles that appear transiently during initial stages of cell spreading. In newly attached cells with minimal spreading, the vesicles are seen near the nucleus, whereas in more highly spread cells, the vesicles are localized to the plasma membrane, near, but not precisely co-localized with an enzyme marker for adhesion complexes, focal adhesion kinase. We also observe pronounced nuclear staining in newly attached cells that have not spread, whereas this staining is decreased in cells that have spread. Nuclear staining has been previously reported in other cell types and has been attributed to DNA binding of polyamines, which is known to stabilize chromatin structure. We hypothesize that the appearance of polyamine vesicles near focal adhesions of cells undergoing attachment and spreading may reflect the mechanism by which polyamine pools are targeted to appropriate interaction sites necessary for the assembly of adhesion complexes. Alternatively, the vesicles could represent the mechanism by which polyamines are removed from the nucleus and possibly released from the cell.
Consultation section (1990)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: May 1990 - Volume 16 - Issue 3 - p 380-385 doi: 10.1016/S0886-3350(13)80715-8
On Data-Centric Trust Establishment in Ephemeral Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

We argue that the traditional notion of trust as a relation among entities, while useful, becomes insufficient for emerging data-centric mobile ad hoc networks. In these systems, setting the data trust level equal to the trust level of the data- providing entity would ignore system salient features, rendering applications ineffective and systems inflexible. This would be even more so if their operation is ephemeral, i.e., characterized by short-lived associations in volatile environments. In this paper, we address this challenge by extending the traditional notion of trust to data-centric trust: trustworthiness attributed to node-reported data per se. We propose a framework for data-centric trust establishment: First, trust in each individual piece of data is computed; then multiple, related but possibly contradictory, data are combined; finally, their validity is inferred by a decision component based on one of several evidence evaluation techniques. We consider and evaluate an instantiation of our framework in vehicular networks as a case study. Our simulation results show that our scheme is highly resilient to attackers and converges stably to the correct decision.
High-Accuracy Measurement of the Blackbody Radiation Frequency Shift of the Ground-State Hyperfine Transition inCs133 (2014)

We report a high-accuracy direct measurement of the blackbody radiation shift of the 133Cs ground-state hyperfine transition. This frequency shift is one of the largest systematic frequency biases encountered in realizing the current definition of the International System of Units (SI) second. Uncertainty in the blackbody radiation frequency shift correction has led to its being the focus of intense theoretical effort by a variety of research groups. Our experimental measurement of the shift used three primary frequency standards operating at different temperatures. We achieved an uncertainty a factor of five smaller than the previous best direct measurement. These results tend to validate the claimed accuracy of the recently calculated values.
Assay To Screen for Molecules That Associate with Alzheimer's Related β-Amyloid Fibrils (2008)

Small molecules that bind to aggregated forms of Abeta peptides show promise as potential in vivo labeling agents for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. A major challenge in developing potential imaging agents that target Abeta is to rapidly identify and evaluate the association of molecules with insoluble deposits of aggregated Abeta peptides. This paper describes a simple, parallel method to rapidly screen libraries of molecules for their ability to associate with fibrils formed from synthetic Abeta peptides by monitoring their ability to inhibit the interaction of a monoclonal anti-Abeta IgG with these fibrils. We demonstrate that this assay can detect the association of small molecules with Abeta fibrils at concentrations of small molecule in the nanomolar to millimolar range. By comparing results from the screening of a small set of 30 compounds, we illustrated that this assay can rapidly analyze the relative affinity of small molecules for Abeta fibrils and identified eight compounds that can bind to Abeta fibrils at <20 microM concentrations. Significant advantages of this assay are (1) the ability to screen structurally diverse molecules without requiring them to have specific spectroscopic or radiolabeled properties, (2) the ability to estimate the percentage of the surface of the fibrils covered by the small molecules, and (3) the ability to detect the association of small molecules that potentially bind to different sites along the fibril axis. This assay also has minimal requirements for equipment or specialized facilities and should, therefore, be useful for both academic and industrial laboratories.
Hydrogenation of ethylene over lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) alloy (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of ethylene over lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) alloyK. Soga, H. Imamura, and S. IkedaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 18, 1762–1766Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100533a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100533a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Liquid cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks: A detailed survey (2020)

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy source in the future of the transportation sector for powering automobiles instead of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). This undoubtedly related to its friendly environmental characteristics and its higher efficiency than the IC Engines. However, there are still challenges that prevent its implementation on a wide scale in which one of these challenges is the thermal management problem of the PEMFCs cooling systems. This article introduces a detailed and comprehensive literature survey of the liquid cooling techniques in the PEMFC stacks, including operation principles and heat generation and removal characteristics. Liquid cooling has been generally and efficiently utilized in the high power PEMFC stacks (>10 kW), enabling the PEMFC to be applied in the transportation sector. In this regard, the previous literature related to the liquid-cooling optimization in PEMFC stacks, including various types of coolant flow field configurations and coolant channels geometries of PEMFC, is summarized. Considering the PEMFCs cooling systems criterion (such as uniform temperature, pressure drop, maximum temperature, heat transfer efficiency, and fuel cell (FC) performance, etc.). The efforts to maintain the low conductivity coolants and using the nanofluids based cooling system as recent alternative coolants in PEMFCs were also included. Further, the cooling loop of the automotive PEMFCs were comparatively reported.
The Wills Hospital of Philadelphia. (1932)

This book of 340 pages covers much more than its title implies. In the first place, it enlarges and amplifies the history of the famous Wills Hospital that was written by Dr. S. D. Risley in 1908 and published in the hospital report for that year. It presents biographies of past members of the surgical staff with photographs attached. Not only does it trace the development and history of ophthalmology in Philadelphia, but it has much to say in regard to the rise of modern ophthalmology on the continent of Europe and in England. In addition, it touches on our national eye societies, their establishment and growth; it takes up the subject of American journals of ophthalmology, and it deals with the conservation of vision movement in this country, and other kindred subjects. The history of the Wills Hospital is best read in the biographical notes of
Mutations of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene that affect transformation, transactivation and phosphorylation by the E7 protein (1990)

The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 gene cooperates with an activated ras oncogene to transform primary rodent cells and is important in the immortalization of cervical keratinocytes. We have generated a series of point mutations within the E7 gene and show that mutation of residues serine 31 and serine 71 affect the phosphorylation of the E7 protein, but do not alter its ability to cooperate with ras. Further mutations which alter cysteine residues in a -Cys-X-X-Cys- motif decrease transformation markedly, although they do not abolish it entirely. All the mutations generated displayed a decreased ability to transactivate the adenovirus E2 promoter. These results show that neither phosphorylation of E7 nor its ability to transactivate are required for transformation by E7.
Activation of Alkynes with B(C6F5)3 – Boron Allylation Reagents Derived from Propargyl Esters (2013)

Novel allyl boron compounds are readily synthesized via rearrangement reactions between Lewis acidic B(C6F5)3 and propargyl esters. These reactions proceed through an initial cyclization followed by ring-opening and concurrent C6F5-group migration. In the absence of disubstitution adjacent to the ester oxygen atom, an allyl boron migration rearrangement leads to formal 1,3-carboboration products. These allyl boron compounds act as allylation reagents with aldehydes introducing both a C3-allyl fragment and a C6F5-unit as a single anti-diastereomer. In these reactions, B(C6F5)3 activates the alkynes, prompting the rearrangement processes and enabling installations of C6F5 and R-groups.
Predicting the Behavior of Screen Printing (2013)

A novel mathematical model is presented of the liquid transfer process encountered during screen printing, enabling the prediction of the volume of liquid removed from a mesh and printed on a substrate with reasonable accuracy. It is based on the key assumption that free surface effects dominate and the printed liquid is pulled out of, rather than flows from, the mesh. The model is validated against an extensive range of benchmark data from both on- and off-screen printing trials. The agreement is found to be remarkably good. In addition, the model is able to offer considerable insight to practitioners and liquid manufacturers alike-a key result being that the screen printing process can be made essentially independent of many of the set-up parameters in the operating range adopted by most practitioners.
(Un/Semi-)supervised SMS text message SPAM detection (2014)

Abstract We address the problem of unsupervised and semi-supervised SMS (Short Message Service) text message SPAM detection. We develop a content-based Bayesian classification approach which is a modest extension of the technique discussed by Resnik and Hardisty in 2010. The approach assumes that the bodies of the SMS messages arise from a probabilistic generative model and estimates the model parameters by Gibbs sampling using an unlabeled, or partially labeled, SMS training message corpus. The approach classifies new SMS messages as SPAM or HAM (non-SPAM) by zero-thresholding their logit estimates. We tested the approach on a publicly available SMS corpora collected from the UK. Used in semi-supervised fashion, the approach clearly outperformed a competing algorithm, Semi-Boost. Used in unsupervised fashion, the approach outperformed a fully supervised classifier, an SVM (Support Vector Machine), when the number of training messages used by the SVM was small and performed comparably otherwise. We believe the approach works well and is a useful tool for SMS SPAM detection.
GJ-4 alleviates Aβ25-35-induced memory dysfunction in mice through protecting the neurovascular unit (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. AD has become an important social health problem but there are few therapeutic drugs. Many researchers devote to the development of drugs for the treatment of AD. GJ-4 is crocin enrichments from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, and our previous studies have shown GJ-4 had potent neuroprotective effects on several AD animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of GJ-4 on a Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-intoxicated mouse model. The results demonstrated that GJ-4 treatment significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities of the AD mice challenged by Aβ<sub>25-35.</sub> Mechanistic study indicated that GJ-4 could alleviate endothelial dysfunction, as GJ-4 markedly reduced endothelial cell edema, as well as improved tight junction structures by up-regulating Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-5 and Occludin expressions. Moreover, GJ-4 markedly reduced receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression and increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) expression, suggesting endothelial transduction and clearance of toxic species capabilities improved by GJ-4 treatment. The results also indicated that GJ-4 significantly decreased IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expressions, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expressions, implying the inhibition of glial activation and vascular inflammation by GJ-4 treatment. Furthermore, GJ-4 treatment inhibited glial activation mediated neuroinflammation through inhibiting high-mobility group box protein 1(HMGB-1)/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, which might confer to the neuroprotection. In conclusion, our present study proved GJ-4 could protect the neurovascular unit (NVU), through attenuating endothelial cell damage, enhancing tight junction function, inhibiting of glial activation and protecting of neurons. This study provided evidence that the beneficial effects of GJ-4 on AD might be owing to its protection on NVU.
Remarkably Facile Borane-Promoted, Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Alkenes (2017)

Oxime-directed catalytic asymmetric hydroboration is diverted to catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation (CAH) upon the addition of a proton source, such as MeOH, or by running the reaction under a hydrogen atmosphere. A borane (e.g., pinacolborane) is required to promote CAH. Tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes, including the challenging all-alkyl tetrasubstituted alkenes, undergo CAH with enantiomer ratios (er) as high as 99:1. The mild reaction conditions, i.e., ambient temperature, moderate reaction times, and the need for only a slight excess of H<sub>2</sub>, contrast those used in most state-of-the-art catalysts for related substrates.