gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo regulation of muscle glycogen synthase and the control of glycogen synthesis. (1995)

The activity of glycogen synthase (GSase; EC 2.4.1.11) is regulated by covalent phosphorylation. Because of this regulation, GSase has generally been considered to control the rate of glycogen synthesis. This hypothesis is examined in light of recent in vivo NMR experiments on rat and human muscle and is found to be quantitatively inconsistent with the data under conditions of glycogen synthesis. Our first experiments showed that muscle glycogen synthesis was slower in non-insulin-dependent diabetics compared to normals and that their defect was in the glucose transporter/hexokinase (GT/HK) part of the pathway. From these and other in vivo NMR results a quantitative model is proposed in which the GT/HK steps control the rate of glycogen synthesis in normal humans and rat muscle. The flux through GSase is regulated to match the proximal steps by "feed forward" to glucose 6-phosphate, which is a positive allosteric effector of all forms of GSase. Recent in vivo NMR experiments specifically designed to test the model are analyzed by metabolic control theory and it is shown quantitatively that the GT/HK step controls the rate of glycogen synthesis. Preliminary evidence favors the transporter step. Several conclusions are significant: (i) glucose transport/hexokinase controls the glycogen synthesis flux; (ii) the role of covalent phosphorylation of GSase is to adapt the activity of the enzyme to the flux and to control the metabolite levels not the flux; (iii) the quantitative data needed for inferring and testing the present model of flux control depended upon advances of in vivo NMR methods that accurately measured the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate and the rate of glycogen synthesis.
A pragmatic treatment of quantification in natural language (1997)

Quantification in natural language is an important phenomena that seems to touch on some pragmatic and inferential aspects of language understanding. In this paper we focus on quantifier scope ambiguity and suggest a cognitively plausible model that resolves a number of problems that have traditionally been addressed in isolation. Our claim here is that the problem of quantifier scope ambiguity can not be adequately addressed at the syntactic and semantic levels, but is an inferencing problem that must be addressed at the pragmatic and discourse levels 1 . Quantification in Natural Language Quantification is an important phenomena that seems to touch on a number of inferential and pragmatic aspects of language understanding. To illustrate the &amp;quot;pragmatic&amp;quot; aspect of this problem, consider the following examples involving the problem of quantifier scope ambiguity: (1) John advertised a restaurant on every street (2) John visited a restaurant on every street In compositiona...
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Bridging Control Protocol (BCP) (2003)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP defines an extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP) and proposes a family of Network Control Protocols (NCP) for establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols.
Macroporous silicon with a complete two-dimensional photonic band gap centered at 5 μm (1996)

We have fabricated a two-dimensional photonic band structure based on macroporous silicon with a gap common to both polarizations and centered at 5 μm. A triangular lattice of circular air rods with a lattice constant of 2.3 μm was etched 75 μm deep in an n-type silicon substrate by electrochemical pore formation in hydrofluoric acid. The porous layer was then micromechanically structured in such a way that 200 μm thick free-standing bars of porous material were left over on the silicon substrate. These bars were then used for measuring the transmission of the photonic lattice. The results showed an excellent agreement with the theoretically calculated structure.
[Determination of bismuth pectin by flow-injection hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry]. (2002)

A new method was developed by flow-injection hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) for direct determination of bismuth in bismuth pectin, which is mostly composed of pectin and bismuth and serves as one of pharmaceuticals for protecting stomach mucous membrane. The influences of some experimental parameters of this method, such as the acidity of sample solution, the reductant of KBH4 and NaOH that served as the stabilizer of KBH4, were studied and these parameters were optimized. Bismuth was detected directly with the linear range of 0.00-44.00 ng.mL-1. The equation of working curve was A = 0.012 + 0.017c (c:ng.mL-1), r = 0.9995, the detection limit was 0.095 ng.mL-1 (3 sigma), and the recovery was 97.3%-103.3%. The method proposed has been used in the analysis of practical sample for bismuth with 96.6%-100.1% founded and 2.1% of RSD. Experiments showed that this method was simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for the assay of bismuth in bismuth pectin.
CMOS MEMS (2002)

The co-integration of MEMS and CMOS technology is reviewed and the IC MEMS CAD tools SOLIDIS and ICMAT are outlined.
Precipitates with Unusual Microstructure in Grains of Nb-40Zr-10Ti Alloy (1971)

Precipitates with unusual microstructure due to the transformation of the β to β′+β″ phases in grains for Nb-40Zr-10Ti alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron (replica) microscopy and EPMA.In ageing isothermally at a temperature between 620° and 850°C after solution treatment, composite-type spherical precipitates were observed in grains, and had an unusual microstructure composed of a nucleus and the two surrounding crystals. The crystals were also composed of inner and outer shells. The inner shell was found to correspond to the Nb-rich phase β″, and the outer shell to the Zr-rich phase β′. The Nb-rich zone was observed in the matrix near the precipitates. In ageing at the lower temperature the microstructure was observed to change into more complicated structures than in ageing at higher temperature. The phase transformation due to the above-mentioned precipitation attained more than 70% of the whole phase change in the alloy aged at 750°C.
Copper Deposition in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol: I. Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study (1998)

The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to an acid copper electrolyte inhibits the deposition reaction for cathodic overpotentials of up to about 150 mV. Adding only promotes the deposition reaction, while adding PEG alone has a relatively small effect on electrode kinetics. Frequency shifts of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance suggest the adsorption of a monolayer of PEG molecules that are collapsed into spheres provided chloride ions are present, with little adsorption occurring when is absent. This behavior is the same for gold and copper surfaces. Transient current measurements suggest that chloride ions affect the PEG adsorption equilibrium rather than adsorption kinetics alone.
Baseline Toxicity of Spiromesifen to Biotype B ofBemisia tabaciin Florida (2012)

Biotype B of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a worldwide pest of many agronomic and horticultural crops, including tomato. Extensive pesticide use targeting this pest has led to the development of resistance to every major class of insecticides. The baseline toxicity of spiromesifen was established for laboratory susceptible and field collected B tabaci biotype B, populations in Florida in 2005 and 2006, respectively, using a leaf dip bioassay method for 2nd instar. LC50 values for field populations of B. tabaci ranged from 0.63 mg[AI]l-1 to 0.86 mg[AI]l-1 in 2005 and from 0.46 mg[AI]l-1 to 2.08 mg[AI]l-1 in 2006. No population had a RR50 value over 3.5 in either year and the fiducial limits of the LC50 values for the laboratory and field populations overlapped, indicating no differences among them. The laboratory and field baseline toxicity data generated in this study confirmed the susceptibility of field populations of B. tabaci to spiromesifen and will be useful in documenting any future changes in the susceptibility of the whitefly to the insecticide.
Oxidative and Nonoxidative Benzodiazepines and the Risk of Femur Fracture (2000)

Benzodiazepine use is a well-identified risk factor for falls and the resulting femur fractures in elderly adults. Benzodiazepines not requiring hepatic biotransformation may be safer than agents undergoing oxidation because oxidative activity has been shown to decline with age. The association between the use of either oxidative or nonoxidative benzodiazepines and the risk of femur fracture among elderly adults living in nursing homes was studied. A nested case-control study was conducted using the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology (SAGE) database; the records of 9,752 patients hospitalized for incident femur fracture during the period 1992 to 1996 were extracted, matching by age, gender, state, and index date to the records of 38,564 control patients. Conditional logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for femur fracture with adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted OR for the overall use of benzodiazepines was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.20); the risk seemed of only slightly greater magnitude for exposure to nonoxidative agents (1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36) than to oxidative benzodiazepines (1.08; 95% CI, 0.95-1.23). Among the latter, the effect was mainly accounted for by the use of agents with a long elimination half-life. A dose relationship was observed exclusively among users of long half-life oxidative benzodiazepines. The risk associated with the use of nonoxidative benzodiazepines showed no relationship to the age of the patients. In contrast, patients aged 85 years or older receiving oxidative benzodiazepines at high dosages or as needed had a two- to three-fold increased risk of femur fracture than did patients in the younger age group. Among older individuals, the use of benzodiazepines slightly increased the risk of femur fracture, mainly irrespective of the metabolic fate of the drug. Our results suggest that the use of nonoxidative benzodiazepines does not carry a lower risk for femur fracture than does the use of oxidative benzodiazepines. However, the latter agents may be associated with a somewhat higher risk of side effects among the oldest old, especially at higher dosages.
Analysis of nuclear waste disposal in space, phase 3. Volume 2: Technical report (1980)

The options, reference definitions and/or requirements currently envisioned for the total nuclear waste disposal in space mission are summarized. The waste form evaluation and selection process is documented along with the physical characteristics of the iron nickel-base cermet matrix chosen for disposal of commercial and defense wastes. Safety aspects of radioisotope thermal generators, the general purpose heat source, and the Lewis Research Center concept for space disposal are assessed as well as the on-pad catastrophic accident environments for the uprated space shuttle and the heavy lift launch vehicle. The radionuclides that contribute most to long-term risk of terrestrial disposal were determined and the effects of resuspension of fallout particles from an accidental release of waste material were studied. Health effects are considered. Payload breakup and rescue technology are discussed as well as expected requirements for licensing, supporting research and technology, and safety testing.
Electromagnetic synthesis of overlap-gap-coupled microstrip filters (2002)

This paper presents a technique for electromagnetic synthesis of microstrip overlap-gap-coupled filters. The algorithm uses a rigorous analysis, which solves an electric field integral equation in the spectral domain using the method of moments, inside an outer loop that optimizes the filter dimensions. A piecewise synthesis procedure generates initial dimensions that provide a good starting point for direct electromagnetic optimization of the complete filter. Measured results for a five-section filter are shown that verify the accuracy of this design method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multifocus microscopy with precise color multi-phase diffractive optics applied in functional neuronal imaging (2016)

Multifocus microscopy (MFM) allows high-resolution instantaneous three-dimensional (3D) imaging and has been applied to study biological specimens ranging from single molecules inside cells nuclei to entire embryos. We here describe pattern designs and nanofabrication methods for diffractive optics that optimize the light-efficiency of the central optical component of MFM: the diffractive multifocus grating (MFG). We also implement a "precise color" MFM layout with MFGs tailored to individual fluorophores in separate optical arms. The reported advancements enable faster and brighter volumetric time-lapse imaging of biological samples. In live microscopy applications, photon budget is a critical parameter and light-efficiency must be optimized to obtain the fastest possible frame rate while minimizing photodamage. We provide comprehensive descriptions and code for designing diffractive optical devices, and a detailed methods description for nanofabrication of devices. Theoretical efficiencies of reported designs is ≈90% and we have obtained efficiencies of > 80% in MFGs of our own manufacture. We demonstrate the performance of a multi-phase MFG in 3D functional neuronal imaging in living C. elegans.
Calculation and use of an HIV-1 disease progression score (2000)

These formulae and graphs are a convenient way for individuals and their physicians to apply existing MACS cohort data to HIV disease markers in order to estimate probabilities of progression to AIDS or death. Further investigation is needed to determine whether modifications of the formulae are required to predict outcome accurately in those patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy or in other demographic groups.
Unreliable Assessment of Necrotic Core by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound in Porcine Coronary Artery Disease (2010)

We found no correlation between necrotic core size determined by VH IVUS and real histology, questioning the ability of VH IVUS to detect rupture-prone plaques, so-called thin-cap fibroatheromas.
A Deep Relevance Matching Model for Ad-hoc Retrieval (2016)

In recent years, deep neural networks have led to exciting breakthroughs in speech recognition, computer vision, and natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, there have been few positive results of deep models on ad-hoc retrieval tasks. This is partially due to the fact that many important characteristics of the ad-hoc retrieval task have not been well addressed in deep models yet. Typically, the ad-hoc retrieval task is formalized as a matching problem between two pieces of text in existing work using deep models, and treated equivalent to many NLP tasks such as paraphrase identification, question answering and automatic conversation. However, we argue that the ad-hoc retrieval task is mainly about relevance matching while most NLP matching tasks concern semantic matching, and there are some fundamental differences between these two matching tasks. Successful relevance matching requires proper handling of the exact matching signals, query term importance, and diverse matching requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel deep relevance matching model (DRMM) for ad-hoc retrieval. Specifically, our model employs a joint deep architecture at the query term level for relevance matching. By using matching histogram mapping, a feed forward matching network, and a term gating network, we can effectively deal with the three relevance matching factors mentioned above. Experimental results on two representative benchmark collections show that our model can significantly outperform some well-known retrieval models as well as state-of-the-art deep matching models.
Vestibular Dysfunction in the Epistatic circler Mouse Is Caused by Phenotypic Interaction of One Recessive Gene and Three Modifier Genes (2002)

Vestibular dysfunction is a frequent clinical problem, leading to dizziness and imbalance. Genes play an important role in its etiology, but the genetics are complex and poorly understood. In this study we have analyzed the complex inheritance pattern in the Epistatic circler mouse, which shows circling behavior indicative of vestibular dysfunction in the mouse. This phenotype exists in a proportion of the F2-generation from an intercross between C57L/J and SWR/J mouse strains. Genetic investigation indicates that the circling behavior is caused by a major recessively inherited gene derived from the SWR/J strain (the Ecs-gene) in combination with at least three different modifier genes derived from C57L/J (the Ecl-genes). Genetic mapping made it possible to localize the Ecs-gene to chromosome 14 and the Ecl-genes to chromosome 3, 4, and 13. This study illustrates the feasibility of identifying genes for multifactorial traits in mice.
Equipment qualification issues research and resolution: Status report (1986)

Since its inception in 1975, the Qualification Testing Evaluation (QTE) Program has produced numerous results pertinent to equipment qualification issues. Many have been incorporated into Regulatory Guides, Rules, and industry practices and standards. This report summarizes the numerous reports and findings to date. Thirty separate issues are discussed encompassing three generic areas: accident simulation methods, aging simulation methods, and special topics related to equipment qualification. Each issue-specific section contains (1) a brief description of the issue, (2) a summary of the applicable research effort, and (3) a summary of the findings to date.
Influence of Dynamic Recrystallisation on Texture Formation in ECAP deformed Nickel (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
PRICE DISCRIMINATION BY SHIPPING CONFERENCES (1992)

The debate over whether shipping conferences practice economic price discrimination has recently been revived in the U.S. by a dispute between the Federal Maritime Commission and the Federal Trade Commission. This paper shows that the existing literature on price discrimination by shipping conferences, which the recent dispute has drawn upon, is flawed in that it may show price discrimination where none exists, and fail to show price discrimination when it does exist.
Calculated Performance Of Near-Millimeter Free-Electron-Laser Amplifiers Including Effects Of Electron Beam Velocity Spread (1989)

The feasibility of developing a practical amplifier in the &apos;Optical&apos; Klystron configuration at a wave-length of 2 mm has been investigated. The effect of beam velocity spread on the efficiency and gain of the &apos;Optical&apos; Klystron was calculated. Greater sensitivity to beam velocity spread was found for three cavities than for two cavities. The efficiency was reduced to one-third of its cold beam value when axial energy spread &Delta;<sub>&gamma;</sub>/<sub>&gamma;0</sub> = 5.5 x 10<sup>-4</sup> for three cavities, 6.7 x 10<sup>-4</sup> for two cavities, and 2.8 x 10<sup>-3</sup> for a single-cavity free electron laser. However, it is estimated that even for the case of three cavities, electron beams of suitable quality might be achievable.
Protocols for mobile internetworking (1993)

We consider the problem of Mobile Internetworking, that is, providing network access to hosts whose physical location changes with time. Such hosts cannot depend on traditional forms of network connectivity and routing, because their location, and hence the route to reach them, cannot be immediately deduced from their network address. The three major points of the thesis, which are a departure from previous approaches, are: ffl Mobility is a network-layer problem, and is best attacked by embedding virtual mobile networks at the proper hierarchical address level. ffl Locality in host mobility, can be taken advantage of in order to yield efficient and practical tracking and routing mechanisms. ffl On-demand acquisition of mobile host location information, which is essentially routing information, yields a system that scales linearly as a function of its size. This dissertation shows the design, implementation and evaluation of IP-based protocols for mobile internetworking. The p...
DIFFERENTIATION OF DOPAMINERGIC AND NORADRENERGIC NEURONS IN RAT SPINAL CORD (1978)

Abstract— Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DM) and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HVA) content have been measured in different parts of rat spinal cord and cerebellum by a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method. In cerebellum, which does not contain dopaminergic neurons, the ratio of NE to DA content was 47, whereas in parts of the spinal cord this ratio varied between 11 and 19. In the cord after desipramine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) plus 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐HDA, 100/jg intracisternally), there was a significant depletion of DM but not of NE. Conversely, after benztropine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) plus 6‐HDA there was a significant depletion of NE but not of DM. Chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or clozapine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant increase in spinal cord HVA concentration 1 h after treatment. Evidence is presented which suggests that the increased HVA measured in the cord did not originate in the brain. After electrolytic lesion of the locus coeruleus there was a significant reduction of NE but not of DM. Spinal cord DM and NE were depleted by reserpine in a dose‐dependent manner, the threshold dose for DM depletion being less than that for NE depletion. Seven days after cord transection at T 10 spinal cord DM was significantly reduced in the lumbar region. These results suggest that dopaminergic neurons exist in rat spinal cord independently of noradrenergic neurons and that the DM is likely to be present in the terminals of descending axons.
Pharmacokinetics of pipemidic` acid in healthy middle-aged volunteers and elderly patients with renal insufficiency (1984)

Pipemidic acid in bacteriological screening was more potent than nalidixinic acid, notably against Pseudomonas. In a study in middle-aged female volunteers, the relative bioavailability of a single 500 mg tablet of pipemidic acid was good. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: tmax, 2.3 h; Cmax, 3.3 micrograms/ml; t1/2, 4.6 h; Varea, 2.04 l/kg; Cltot, 5.48 ml/min per kg; Clren, 3.05 ml/min per kg; Ae(0-24), 55.7% of dose. In elderly inpatients with normal renal function, the main alterations from middle-aged volunteers were: slightly elevated Cmax (+28%) and AUC (+13%) and significantly decreased Varea (-51%), Clren (-34%) and Ae(0-24) (-31%). In elderly inpatients with renal insufficiency, Clren (-58%) was decreased compared with elderly inpatients with normal renal function. Concn. of pipemidic acid in urine still exceeded several-fold the MIC values of the most pathogenic bacteria. Among all the subjects, there was a negative correlation between Clcreat and AUC0-infinity, and a positive correlation between Clcreat and Cltot, Clren and Ae(0-24). In the treatment of urinary-tract infections with pipemidic acid, a mild renal insufficiency (Clcreat 30 ml/min or more) does not necessitate dose adjustments.