gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation Sensing Technologies for Exploring Ocean Worlds (2018)

Dr. Ved Chirayath's plenary presentation will highlight two instrument technologies he invented at NASA including Fluid Lensing, the first remote sensing technology capable of imaging through ocean waves in 3D at sub-cm resolutions, and MiDAR (Multispectral Imaging, Detection and Active Reflectance), a next-generation active hyperspectral remote sensing and optical communications instrument. Fluid Lensing has been used to provide the first 3D multispectral imagery of shallow marine systems from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones), including coral reefs in American Samoa and stromatolite reefs in Hamelin Pool, Western Australia. MiDAR is being deployed on aircraft, and underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) as a new method to remotely sense living and nonliving structures in extreme environments. MiDAR images targets with high-intensity narrowband structured optical radiation to measure an object's non-linear spectral reflectance, image through fluid interfaces such as ocean waves with active fluid lensing, and simultaneously transmit high-bandwidth data. As an active instrument, MiDAR is capable of remotely sensing reflectance at the centimeter (cm) spatial scale with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) multiple orders of magnitude higher than passive airborne and spaceborne remote sensing systems with significantly reduced integration time. This allows for rapid video-frame-rate hyperspectral sensing into the far ultraviolet and VNIR wavelengths. Finally, Chirayath will present preliminary results from NASA NeMO-Net (Neural Multi-Modal Observation and Training Network), the first neural network for global coral reef classification using fluid lensing and MiDAR.
Infinite phased arrays of cavity-backed patches (1994)

An analysis of the radiation properties of infinite phased arrays of probe-fed circular microstrip patches backed by circular cavities using a rigorous Green's function/Galerkin's method is presented. The effect of substrate thickness on both scan volume and bandwidth performance is considered. Results are compared to those of infinite arrays of conventional probe-fed circular patch antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Energy Storage and Reuse in Negative Capacitance (2021)

In this article, we analyze how a ferroelectric (FE) acts as a rechargeable energy storage medium which stores, releases, and retrieves energy, and helps the gate achieve a desired charge density with reduced energy (voltage) from the external gate drive. During transistor turn-on, the FE releases energy, while the whole system is absorbing energy, and during turn-off, the FE retrieves energy, while the whole system is releasing energy. Capacitor energy is analyzed using two different approaches: static material free energy integrals and transient circuit power integrals. The two results agree within 1%. Energy analysis is also performed for a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor structure for two gate lengths, 20 nm and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , in an inverter circuit. At 2- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate length, the values of energy match under these two different approaches with less than a 6% difference. The difference is larger in the 20-nm gate length case due to larger parasitic capacitances, such as gate-to-drain and gate-to-source capacitance, affecting the transient circuit analysis. Even so, most of the energy storage and retrieval benefit is retained even in small size negative capacitance transistors.
Glycosylation of Macrolide Antibiotics (2000)

The oleD gene has been identified in the oleandomycin producer Streptomyces antibioticus and it codes a macrolide glycosyltransferase that is able to transfer a glucose moiety from UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) to many macrolides. The glycosyltransferase coded by the oleD gene has been purified 371-fold from a Streptomyces lividans clone expressing this protein. The reaction product was isolated, and its structure determined by NMR spectroscopy. The kinetic mechanism of the reaction was analyzed using the macrolide antibiotic lankamycin (LK) as substrate. The reaction operates via a compulsory order mechanism. This has been shown by steady-state kinetic studies and by isotopic exchange reactions at equilibrium. LK binds first to the enzyme, followed by UDP-glucose. A ternary complex is thus formed prior to transfer of glucose. UDP is then released, followed by the glycosylated lankamycin (GS-LK). A pH study of the reaction was performed to determine values for the molecular pK values, suggesting possible amino acid residues involved in the catalytic process.
Optical gain at 1.53 µm in Er3+-Yb3+ codoped oxidised porous silicon waveguides (2007)

Erbium-ytterbium (Er-Yb)-co-doped porous silicon planar waveguides were prepared from P+-type (1 0 0) oriented silicon wafer. Erbium and ytterbium ions were electrochemically introduced into the porous structure of the waveguide core. The doping profiles of erbium and ytterbium ions were determined by EDX analysis performed on sample cross-section. The mean concentration in the guiding layer is of about 1 × 10^20 cm−3. The refractive indices were measured from co-doped porous silicon and undoped waveguides after the thermal treatments. The photoluminescence (PL) peak of optically activated erbium ions at 1.53 μm was recorded. The PL enhancement is the result of the energy transfer from the excited state of Yb to the state of Er. Optical losses at 1.55 μm were measured on these waveguides and were of about 2 dB/cm. An internal gain at 1.53 μm of 5.8 dB/cm has been measured with a pump power of 65 mW at 980 nm.
High quality transparent heat reflectors of reactively evaporated indium tin oxide (1982)

Transparent and heat reflecting indium tin oxide films were prepared by electron beam evaporation of In2O3+9 mol.% SnO2 onto glass in an oxygen atmosphere of ∼5×10−4 Torr. Visible light absorption less than 2%, thermal infrared reflectance exceeding 90%, and a dc resistivity of ∼3×10−4 Ω cm were obtained for 0.3-μm-thick films deposited on a substrate at 300 °C. Similar properties could be achieved with substrate temperatures as low as 150 °C. By antireflection coating the films with an MgF2 layer, the visible transmittance exceeded the transmittance of the uncoated glass while the infrared reflectance was practically unchanged.
A tool support for verifying consistency between UML diagrams by SMV (2009)

We develop a tool to support verification of consistency between designs described by UML diagrams. This tool translates an XML data exported from a UML drawer into an input of SMV (called SMV program). This tool provides afront-end which parses an XML data and generates an intermediate data. This tool also provides a back-end which generates an SMV programfrom the intermediate data. We show the availability of our tool by applying it to an example.
On the accuracy of channel length characterization of LDD MOSFET's (1986)

A comprehensive investigation into the various mechanisms that limit the accuracy of channel length extraction techniques for lightly doped drain (LDD) MOSFET's is presented. Analytic equations are derived to quantify the sensitivity of the extraction techniques to the geometry effect, and bias dependence of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> source and drain resistance. The analytic approach is supplemented and verified by exercising channel length extraction algorithms on current-voltage characteristics obtained from rigorous numerical simulations of a variety of LDD MOSFET's. The analyses clearly show that low gate overdrives and consistent threshold voltage measurements are required to accurately extract the metallurgical channel length. The analytic equations can be used to project the limitations of channel length extraction methods for future submicrometer LDD MOSFET's.
Environmental Agents That Have the Potential to Trigger Massive Apoptotic Neurodegeneration in the Developing Brain (2000)

John W. Olney, Nuri B. Farber, David F. Wozniak, Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic, Chrysanthy Ikonomidou, Environmental Agents That Have the Potential to Trigger Massive Apoptotic Neurodegeneration in the Developing Brain, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 108, Supplement 3 (Jun., 2000), pp. 383-388
Positive Solution to Nonzero Boundary Values Problem for a Coupled System of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations (2009)

We consider the existence and uniqueness of positive solution to nonzero boundary values problem for a coupled system of fractional differential equations. The differential operator is taken in the standard Riemann‐Liouville sense. By using Banach fixed point theorem and nonlinear differentiation of Leray‐Schauder type, the existence and uniqueness of positive solution are obtained. Two examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the obtained results.
원저 : 조기난소부전과 관련된 자가면역질환에 대한 연구 (2001)

Objectives : To report the autoimmune diseases associated with premature ovarian failure. Materials and Methods : For 55 patients of premature ovarian failure, the test for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, antimicrosomal antibody, antinuclear antibody, rhematoid factor, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12, cortisol, glucose, and CBC were performed. Results : The ranged from 25 to 36 years and follicle stimulating hormone rose to the level between 42.1 - 93.7 ㎖U/mL. The incidence of autoimmune antibodies was 25%. The most common autoantibody was antithyroid antibodies(12 cases), and there were 3 cases if antinuclear antibody, 1 case of anticardiolipin antibody. Of 12 cases of positive antithyroid antibodies, there were 4 cases of positive antithyroglobulin antibody, 2 cases of antimicrosomal antibody, and the other 6 cases were found to have both antibodies. The function of thyroid gland was usually normal despite of positive antithyroid antibodies. There were 2 cases of Hashimoto`s thyroiditis, 1 case of mumps oophoritis, myasthenia gravis, antiphospholipid syndrome, respectively. Conclusions : Premature ovarian failure is associated with other autoimmune diseases in many cases. So the workup of autoantibodies should be included in the diagnosis and follow up of patient with premature ovarian failure.
Content‐Independent Multi‐Spectral Display Using Superimposed Projections (2015)

Abstract Many works focus on multi‐spectral capture and analysis, but multi‐spectral display still remains a challenge. Most prior works on multi‐primary displays use ad‐hoc narrow band primaries that assure a larger color gamut, but cannot assure a good spectral reproduction. Content‐dependent spectral analysis is the only way to produce good spectral reproduction, but cannot be applied to general data sets. Wide primaries are better suited for assuring good spectral reproduction due to greater coverage of the spectral range, but have not been explored much. In this paper we explore the use of wide band primaries for accurate spectral reproduction for the first time and present the first content‐independent multi‐spectral display achieved using superimposed projections with modified wide band primaries. We present a content‐independent primary selection method that selects a small set of n primaries from a large set of m candidate primaries where m &gt; n. Our primary selection method chooses primaries with complete coverage of the range of visible wavelength (for good spectral reproduction accuracy), low interdependency (to limit the primaries to a small number) and higher light throughput (for higher light efficiency). Once the primaries are selected, the input values of the different primary channels to generate a desired spectrum are computed using an optimization method that minimizes spectral mismatch while maximizing visual quality. We implement a real prototype of multi‐spectral display consisting of 9‐primaries using three modified conventional 3‐primary projectors, and compare it with a conventional display to demonstrate its superior performance. Experiments show our display is capable of providing large gamut assuring a good visual appearance while displaying any multi‐spectral images at a high spectral accuracy.
Using Whole Genome Analysis to Examine Recombination across Diverse Sequence Types of Staphylococcus aureus (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus is an important clinical pathogen worldwide and understanding this organism's phylogeny and, in particular, the role of recombination, is important both to understand the overall spread of virulent lineages and to characterize outbreaks. To further elucidate the phylogeny of S. aureus, 35 diverse strains were sequenced using whole genome sequencing. In addition, 29 publicly available whole genome sequences were included to create a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic tree encompassing 11 distinct lineages. All strains of a particular sequence type fell into the same clade with clear groupings of the major clonal complexes of CC8, CC5, CC30, CC45 and CC1. Using a novel analysis method, we plotted the homoplasy density and SNP density across the whole genome and found evidence of recombination throughout the entire chromosome, but when we examined individual clonal lineages we found very little recombination. However, when we analyzed three branches of multiple lineages, we saw intermediate and differing levels of recombination between them. These data demonstrate that in S. aureus, recombination occurs across major lineages that subsequently expand in a clonal manner. Estimated mutation rates for the CC8 and CC5 lineages were different from each other. While the CC8 lineage rate was similar to previous studies, the CC5 lineage was 100-fold greater. Fifty known virulence genes were screened in all genomes in silico to determine their distribution across major clades. Thirty-three genes were present variably across clades, most of which were not constrained by ancestry, indicating horizontal gene transfer or gene loss.
Impact of Traffic Correlation on the Effectiveness of Multilayer Traffic Engineering (2005)

Multi-layer network (MLNW) consisting of packet and optical layer networks has been widely studied as an important next generation network. In the MLNW, the virtual network topology (VNT) formed by a set of optical paths can be dynamically reconfigured by GMPLS protocols. By reconfiguring VNT, called multilayer traffic engineering, network performance factors can be optimized based on the traffic matrices. Thus, the effectiveness of multilayer traffic engineering is considered to be highly dependant on the correlation among traffic demand of different source-destination flows. We propose an analytical model of the dynamics exhibited by traffic matrices and then investigate how the correlation between different pairs of source-destination flows impacts the performance possible with multilayer traffic engineering. We confirm that the effectiveness of periodical multilayer traffic engineering increases with the correlation among source-destination flows
UV-LIGA microfabrication of 0.3 THz double corrugated waveguide (2017)

A microfabrication process has been developed by using ultraviolet photolithography (UV-LIGA) with multi-layer SU-8 photoresist to create high aspect ratio Slow Wave Structures (SWS) for millimeter waves and THz vacuum electron devices. The main steps of the process will be described, applied to the fabrication of a double corrugated waveguide at 300 GHz..
Staged deployment in mirage, an integrated software upgrade testing and distribution system (2007)

Despite major advances in the engineering of maintainable and robust software over the years, upgrading software remains a primitive and error-prone activity. In this paper, we argue that several problems with upgrading software are caused by a poor integration between upgrade deployment, user-machine testing, and problem reporting. To support this argument, we present a characterization of softwareupgrades resulting from a survey we conducted of 50 system administrators. Motivated by the survey results, we present Mirage, a distributed framework for integrating upgrade deployment, user-machine testing, and problem reporting into the overall upgrade development process. Our evaluation focuses on the most novel aspect of Mirage, namely its staged upgrade deployment based on the clustering of usermachines according to their environments and configurations. Our results suggest that Mirage's staged deployment is effective for real upgrade problems.
A Markovian Approach to Multipath Data Transfer in Overlay Networks (2010)

The use of multipath routing in overlay networks is a promising solution to improve performance and availability of Internet applications, without the replacement of the existing TCP/IP infrastructure. In this paper, we propose an approach to distribute data over multiple overlay paths that is able to improve Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, such as the data transfer time, loss, and throughput. By using the Imbedded Markov Chain technique, we demonstrate that the system under analysis, observed at specific instants, possesses the Markov property. We therefore cast the data distribution problem into the Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework, and design a computationally efficient algorithm named Online Policy Iteration (OPI), to solve the optimization problem on the fly. The proposed approach is applied to the problem of multipath data distribution in various wired/wireless network scenarios, with the objective of minimizing the data transfer time as well as the delay and losses. Through both intensive ns-2 simulations with data collected from real heterogeneous networks and experiments over real networks, we show the superior performance of the proposed traffic control mechanism in comparison with two classical schemes, that are Weighted Round Robin and Join the Shortest Queue.
Trifluridine Induces p53-Dependent Sustained G2 Phase Arrest with Its Massive Misincorporation into DNA and Few DNA Strand Breaks (2015)

Trifluridine (FTD) is a key component of the novel oral antitumor drug TAS-102, which consists of FTD and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. Like 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), a deoxynucleoside form of 5-fluorouracil metabolite, FTD is sequentially phosphorylated and not only inhibits thymidylate synthase activity, but is also incorporated into DNA. Although TAS-102 was effective for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in clinical trials, the mechanism of FTD-induced cytotoxicity is not completely understood. Here, we show that FTD as well as FdUrd induce transient phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser345, and that this is followed by accumulation of p53 and p21 proteins in p53-proficient human cancer cell lines. In particular, FTD induced p53-dependent sustained arrest at G2 phase, which was associated with a proteasome-dependent decrease in the Cyclin B1 protein level and the suppression of CCNB1 and CDK1 gene expression. In addition, a p53-dependent increase in p21 protein was associated with an FTD-induced decrease in Cyclin B1 protein. Although numerous ssDNA and dsDNA breaks were induced by FdUrd, few DNA strand breaks were detected in FTD-treated HCT-116 cells despite massive FTD misincorporation into genomic DNA, suggesting that the antiproliferative effect of FTD is not due to the induction of DNA strand breaks. These distinctive effects of FTD provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying its antitumor effect and may explain the clinical efficacy of TAS-102.
Lithographic importance of acid diffusion in chemically amplified resists (2005)

Since their introduction in the semiconductor industry, chemically amplified resists have proven to offer very valuable benefits to lithography processes, of which improved resist contrast and higher throughput are just two examples. However, the inherent acid diffusion mechanism starts to create some issues. For instance, the reduced chemical contrast due to pronounced acid diffusion during the post-exposure bake will decrease the exposure latitudes and would impact the ultimate resolution. On the other hand, reducing the acid diffusion length will have a negative impact on line edge roughness if one wants to simultaneously keep exposure doses and shot noise effects under control. In this paper, acid diffusion lengths in present-day photoresists at different process conditions are characterized using a lithographic technique. The observed tendencies are correlated with trends in exposure latitude, resolution and the frequency spectrum of line edge roughness. The relationship between acid diffusion length and exposure latitude as well as the relationship between acid diffusion and line edge roughness are addressed in a more fundamental way. The results of this paper highlight the major impact of acid diffusion on important lithographic process characteristics, and the investigated scaling behavior gives guidelines for optimizing exposure latitude and line edge roughness for future technology nodes.
Architecture of knowledge-Base and Management System for Grining Operations (1994)

Grinding is considered as a very effective machining technology to attain high production rates and a good surface quality of hard and brittle components. However, the grinding operations till needs the skill and the experience of an operator because of a lack of scientific knowledge and engineering principles. This is the reason why grinding operations are not completley intergrated in CIMS(Computer Intergrated Manufacturing System. Recent develop- ment focus on expert system which deals with domain specific knowledge in order to solve this problem. Firstly, in this study, a basic strategy to develop the grinding knowledge-base for grinding is discussed. Next, the architecture of knowledge-base and management of the grinding knowledge-base(GKB) is described.
T cell interaction with activated endothelial cells primes for tissue-residency (2022)

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are suspected drivers of chronic inflammation, but their induction remains unclear. Since endothelial cells (EC) are obligate interaction partners for T cells trafficking into inflamed tissues, they may play a role in TRM development. Here, we used an <i>in vitro</i> co-culture system of human cytokine-activated EC and FACS-sorted T cells to study the effect of EC on T(RM) cell differentiation. T cell phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry, including proliferation measured by CellTrace Violet dilution assay. Soluble mediators were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Co-culture of T cells with cytokine-activated, but not resting EC induced CD69 expression without activation (CD25, Ki67) or proliferation. The dynamic of CD69 expression induced by EC was distinct from that induced by TCR triggering, with rapid induction and stable expression over 7 days. CD69 induction by activated EC was higher in memory than naive T cells, and most pronounced in CD8<sup>+</sup> effector memory T cells. Early CD69 induction was mostly mediated by IL-15, whereas later effects were also mediated by interactions with ICAM-1 and/or VCAM-1. CD69<sup>+</sup> T cells displayed a phenotype associated with tissue-residency, with increased CD49a, CD103, CXCR6, PD-1 and CD57 expression, and decreased CD62L and S1PR1. EC-induced CD69<sup>+</sup> T cells were poised for high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and showed increased expression of T-helper 1 transcription factor T-bet. Our findings demonstrate that activated EC can induce functional specialization in T cells with sustained CD69 expression, increased cytokine response and a phenotypic profile reminiscent of TRM. Interaction with activated EC during transmigration into (inflamed) tissues thus contributes to TRM-residency priming.