gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus core protein induces spontaneous and persistent activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α in transgenic mice: Implications for HCV‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis (2007)

Persistent infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to a high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV core protein plays important roles in HCV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, because mice carrying the core protein exhibit multicentric HCCs without hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis in these transgenic mice remains unclear. To evaluate whether the core protein modulates hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis in vivo, we examined these parameters in 9- and 22-month-old transgenic mice. Although the numbers of apoptotic hepatocytes and hepatic caspase 3 activities were similar between transgenic and nontransgenic mice, the numbers of proliferating hepatocytes and the levels of numerous proteins such as cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and c-Myc, were markedly increased in an age-dependent manner in the transgenic mice. This increase was correlated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). In these transgenic mice, spontaneous and persistent PPARalpha activation occurred heterogeneously, which was different from that observed in mice treated with clofibrate, a potent peroxisome proliferator. We further demonstrated that stabilization of PPARalpha through a possible interaction with HCV core protein and an increase in nonesterified fatty acids, which may serve as endogenous PPARalpha ligands, in hepatocyte nuclei contributed to the core protein-specific PPARalpha activation. In conclusion, these results offer the first suggestion that HCV core protein induces spontaneous, persistent, age-dependent and heterogeneous activation of PPARalpha in transgenic mice, which may contribute to the age-dependent and multicentric hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by the core protein.
Weight gain associated with antipsychotic drugs. (1999)

Weight gain has been reported with nearly every antipsychotic drug on the market (molindone is an exception). Weight gain occurs no matter what the patient's age, sex, or race and is seen with both oral and depot drug formulations. Numerous studies have found that patients gain weight when treated with a conventional antipsychotic, such as chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and haloperidol. The newer, novel antipsychotics offer advantages over conventional antipsychotics, especially a relative lack of extrapyramidal symptoms, but some still have the disadvantage of causing weight gain. Clozapine and olanzapine in particular appear to cause substantial weight gain, much more so than do most conventional neuroleptics and novel agents such as risperidone. Given the risks to health and treatment compliance associated with weight gain and obesity, clinicians should monitor weight during the course of antipsychotic therapy and consider switching agents if excessive weight gain occurs.
Three-dimensional and ultralight sponges with tunable conductivity assembled from electrospun nanofibers for a highly sensitive tactile pressure sensor (2017)

A three-dimensional conductive sponge made of electrospun nanofibers can be used in the design of a highly sensitive tactile pressure sensor.
Augmented Reality Interfaces for Smart Objects in Ubiquitous Computing Environments (2015)

It is the goal of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) to hide computers from the users. Instead, everyday objects embedded with computer processing capability become smart objects that act as interfaces to computer software. A challenge with this new paradigm of computing is to create natural and obvious ways for people to interact with objects and receive output from the computer software that these objects serve as interfaces to. In this chapter, a solution is proposed whereby virtual user interfaces are added to smart objects. These virtual interfaces are viewed in augmented reality through personal viewing devices which also allow people to interact directly with them. The implementation of UbiComp environments and personal viewing devices is described in order to illustrate the use of current technology in creating user-friendly UbiComp environments.
Solid-State Light-Emitting Devices Based on the Trischelated Ruthenium(II) Complex. 1. Thin Film Blends with Poly(ethylene oxide) (1998)

Thin-film solid-state light-emitting devices have been fabricated by using blends of a trischelated complex of ruthenium(II) with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate ligands and lithium triflate complexed poly(ethylene oxide). Charge injection occurs via an electrochemical redox mechanism and the mechanism of light production is similar to electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Orange-red light is emitted with a turn-on voltage of 2.5−3.0 V. At 6 V, devices reach luminance levels of about 100 cd/m2 with an external quantum efficiency of 0.02% photons/electron. The admixed PEO acts both as a film processing aid, giving uniform, homogeneous, and reproducible devices, and as a polymer electrolyte for ruthenium complex and counterion diffusion. Devices reach about 50% of their maximum luminance within a few seconds, and reach maximum luminance in about a minute. This behavior can be realized without the need of elaborate charging schemes involving the use of elevated temperatures or solvent treatments that enhance ionic conductivity. Devices of this type can be fabricated via conventional processing routes and conditioned to high light ouput with a few simple voltage scans.
The nongenomic protective effects of estrogen on the male cardiovascular system: clinical and therapeutic implications in aging men. (2003)

Although the preponderance of studies investigating the effects of estrogen on vasomotor tone and function have focused on women, a number of recent studies have intriguingly shown that estrogen's rapid vasodilatory properties is also preserved in men. Unlike classical steroid transcription mediated pathways, estrogen's acute vasodilatory effect is mediated by calcium dependent cell surface estrogen receptors that stimulate constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. The transient release of eNOS derived nitric oxide exerts profound physiological effects on the vasculature exerting a state of cellular inhibition (i.e. vasodilation). Thus, the partial or complete attenuation of this rapid signaling system can promote endothelial dysfunction, an early pathophysiological event in atherosclerotic development. Consequently, human males experiencing age-related declines in testosterone and aromatase derived estradiol plasma levels may lose a vital cardioprotective mechanism that preserves proper endothelial function. Therapeutic strategies to preserve basal nitric oxide levels through the maintenance of normal physiological estradiol levels may confer cardiovascular benefits to aging males.
Symmetric cellular network embeddings on a torus (2002)

Infinite planar cellular networks are embedded on a torus to obtain a symmetric regular finite network sample region for performance analysis. We show that a "hexagonal wrap" toroidal embedding preserves translational and rotational symmetry on all three axes of a hexagonal lattice and is preferable to a "Cartesian wrap" embedding. Hexagonal tilings and embeddings are obtained for all rhombic tile sizes. Certain tilings are shown to provide modular based neighbor addressing schemes that simplify distributed channel assignment algorithms. Hierarchical "hexagons within a hexagon" tilings are illustrated with the large hexagon exhibiting the sample repeat and comprising a multiplicity of channel frequency repeat small hexagonal the clusters. The symmetric hexagonal sample region repeat embeddings are noted to be useful for probabilistic analysis of high utilization channel assignment performance both theoretically and by simulation.
Methodology for implementing scalable test configurations in ATM switches (2003)

In performance testing of ATM switches and networks of switches a variety of connection configurations is needed. In most of the cases, these configurations require one traffic generator and/or analyzer for each switch port. Since this equipment is rather expensive, it is desirable to define scalable configurations that can be used with a limited number of generators. In this paper we present a methodology for the implementation of scalable connection configurations. The methodology is simple and offers a general solution to generate scalable connection configurations. Several examples of scalable configurations illustrate the methodology. The application of this methodology helps users to repeat easily performance tests under the same traffic load conditions.
Polyisobutylene with High exo-Olefin Content via β-H Elimination in the Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene with H2O/FeCl3/Dialkyl Ether Initiating System (2011)

The cationic polymerizations of isobutylene (IB) with H2O/FeCl3/dialkyl ether initiating system were conducted in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) at temperatures from −20 to +20 °C, in which the dialkyl ether includes diethyl ether (Et2O), dibutyl ether (Bu2O) or diisopropyl ether (iPr2O). The highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HRPIBs) with high content of exo-olefin end groups (−CH2−C(CH3)═CH2) 82−91 mol % and acceptable monomodal molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.7−2.3) could be successfully synthesized at low concentration of FeCl3 at 0.005 mol·L−1 at 0 or even 10 °C. These results are comparable to those of commercial HRPIBs produced industrially at far below 0 °C. The directly rapid β-proton elimination from −CH3 of the growing chain ends and chain transfer reaction to monomer were dependent on concentration of iPr2O·FeCl3 complex (1:1), concentration of free iPr2O ([free iPr2O] = [iPr2O] − [FeCl3]) if (iPr2O·FeCl3> 1) and polymerization time. The much higher concentration of PIB chains formed in the polymerization system (CPIB) than that of components in initiating system indicates a chain-transfer dominated caionic polymerization process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example to achieve HRPIBs with such high exo-olefin end groups by FeCl3-based initiating system.
Lumpectomy with and without radiation for early-stage breast cancer and DCIS. (1997)

Breast-conserving therapy with lumpectomy and breast irradiation is an accepted standard treatment for patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For both diseases, investigators have tried to identify subgroups of patients who can be "safely" treated with lumpectomy without radiation. Some data suggest that it may be reasonable to omit radiation therapy in patients with small, low-grade invasive or noninvasive tumors and/or in "elderly" patients. Additional studies are needed to better identify criteria to prospectively select appropriate patients for treatment with lumpectomy alone.
Fuel Introduction (2014)

Abstract This chapter reviews the fundamental processes involved in the introduction of fuels into the engine. Spray nozzles commonly used in engine applications are summarized, together with fuel introduction strategies ranging from classical carburetor intake manifold fuel introduction to modern port fuel injection (PFI) fuel injectors. Issues relevant for direct in‐cylinder fuel introduction spark‐ignition and diesel engines are also reviewed. The effects of air entrainment on spray penetration and vaporization, together with injector nozzle, injection timing and fuel effects on combustion, oil dilution, and engine wear are also discussed. In addition, the effect of fuel spray interaction with in‐cylinder airflows is discussed. Current models of fundamental spray processes in engines are reviewed, including models for atomization, drop breakup, drop collision and coalescence, vaporization, drag and deformation, turbulent diffusion, and spray/wall impingement processes. This chapter concludes with a discussion of new computational tools that are currently under development for improved understanding of spray processes.
Consistent Velocity Model Building - Matching Model to Migration (2003)

Recent advances in imaging and computing technology have made prestack wave-equation depth migration feasible in a production environment. However, the state-of-the-art in velocity model building is still based on mainly Kirchhoff prestack depth migration and raybased tomographic inversion. This mismatch between migration algorithm and velocity model will ultimately limit the final image quality. This paper discusses some of the issues around the mismatch of velocity model building and migration tools and other issues that hamper the derivation of an optimal migration velocity model.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Arylboronates and Diazoesters and Tandem Alkylation Reaction for the Synthesis of Quaternary α,α-Heterodiaryl Carboxylic Esters (2011)

A rhodium-catalyzed one-pot three-component coupling reaction was developed for the synthesis of quaternary α,α-heterodiaryl carboxylic esters. This reaction involves cross-coupling of the arylrhodium(I) complexes with α-aryldiazoacetates to form oxa-π-allylrhodium complexes. With KOtBu and alkyl halides, tandem alkylation of the allyl complex occurs to form a quaternary stereocenter at the carbenic carbon.
The pressure wire in practice (2006)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is increasingly used to evaluate the functional significance of epicardial coronary disease. When compared with non-invasive techniques this index has superior sensitivity and specificity, is largely independent of prevailing haemodynamic conditions and has an unequivocal normal value. Furthermore, it can be used at the time of invasive coronary assessment. FFR measurements are invaluable for evaluation of intermediate coronary lesions but clinical decisions must be based on accurate measurements and an understanding of the limitations of the data supporting its use. This article identifies procedural and clinical issues pertaining to measurement of FFR and identifies potential pitfalls and situations where interpretation can be difficult; for example, the presence of serial stenoses and left main stem disease, its use in specific conditions such as diffuse epicardial disease, microvascular abnormalities, left ventricular dysfunction and acute coronary syndromes.
Human Factors Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) (1998)

Significant advances in electronics and microcomputing during the past few decades have led to the feasibility of a functionally powerful, computer-based ATIS as part of the automotive environment. Although these systems range in functionality, they all have the goal of acquiring, analyzing, communicating, and presenting information to assist travelers in moving from a starting location to a desired destination. While systems under development or in production promise to improve travel safety, efficiency, and comfort, they represent a new frontier in ground transportation. This handbook is intended to address a growing information gap between the advanced and diverse status of automotive technologies such as ATIS devices, and the availability of human factors design criteria that can be used during the system design process. Specifically, while ATIS and CVO systems offer great potential benefits, their effectiveness depends on driver acceptance of the new technology, the ability of the systems to integrate the information with other driving tasks, and the extent to which the systems conform to driver physical and cognitive limitations and capabilities. The handbook summarizes human engineering data, guidelines, and principles for use by creative designers, engineers and human factors practitioners during the ATIS design process. These summaries take the form of design guidelines for 75 distinct ATIS design parameters. These design guidelines are intended to: (1) be concise, (2) be unambiguous, (3) be traceable to specific references, where applicable, and (4) highlight implications for driver performance, where appropriate. \n
Addressing EUV masks registration challenges through closed loop correction (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Addressing EUV masks registration challenges through closed loop correction Avi Cohen1, Ofir Sharoni1, Dirk Beyer2, Christian Ehrlich2 1Carl Zeiss SMS Ltd. Karmiel , Hadolev 3, 20156 Bar Lev Industrial Park, Israel 2Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany ABSTRACT EUV lithography is expected to become a critical enabling technology in the short and mid future of high end IC manufacturing. Although much effort is going into process and manufacturing challenges and inroads are being made in the industry, some process residuals will still exist with the move to HVM and among them will be the mask registration errors and the on product overlay (OPO). The PROVE® system is the state of the art high end registration metrology tool capable of measuring both DUV as well as EUV masks. The ForTune® EUV utilizes an ultra short pulse laser to modify the mask substrate in order to correct registration errors and bring the mask into specification. Combining the metrology capabilities of the PROVE® with the corrective capabilities of the ForTune® EUV allows a closed loop solution in which the registration metrology data is utilized to feed forward the correction job needed to be applied over the mask in the ForTune® EUV. This paper investigates the ability to improve mask registration on EUV masks using closed loop feedback between the PROVE® and ForTune® systems. Initial registration data from an EUV mask is measured by the PROVE® and utilized to both calculate the mask tuning job as well as predict the improvement prior to actual procession. After carrying out the registration correction on the ForTune® EUV, the EUV mask is again measured on the PROVE® to evaluate the ForTune® EUV process The registration is measured with the PROVE® and the data is utilized by the Advanced Tuning Center, a FAVOR® solution, to prepare the job for the ForTune® EUV correction. KEYWORDS: EUV, ForTune®, PROVE®, EUV mask, overlay correction, registration correction,
Characterization of a novel reaction by human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-treated DNA. (1987)

The reaction of partially purified human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-treated DNA produces a covalent DNA-protein complex. Evidence that the complex-forming and the alkyltransferase activities are one and the same includes their copurification, identical heat inactivation kinetics, and similar responses to inhibitors. This novel reaction thus provides a sensitive alternative assay for detecting the alkyltransferase. It also provides support for a model in which N1,O6-ethanoguanine is an intermediate in formation of chloroethylnitrosourea-induced DNA interstrand cross-links.
Performance analysis of in-line direct converters for neutral beam sources (1975)

The energetics of neutral beam formation from positive ion sources with beam direct conversion is presented. Two specific converters, the immersed grid and space charge controlled configurations, are described and their performance analyzed. The space charge controlled direct converter appears to be capable of high efficiency ion energy recovery at current density levels of interest in CTR applications. Experimental verification of the performance of this converter is underway. (auth)
Silicide induced ion beam patterning of Si(001) (2014)

Low energy ion beam pattern formation on Si with simultaneous co-deposition of Ag, Pd, Pb, Ir, Fe or C impurities was investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy as well as ex situ atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The impurities were supplied by sputter deposition. Additional insight into the mechanism of pattern formation was obtained by more controlled supply through e-beam evaporation. For the situations investigated, the ability of the impurity to react with Si, i.e. to form a silicide, appears to be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for pattern formation. Comparing the effects of impurities with similar mass and nuclear charge, the collision kinetics is shown to be not of primary importance for pattern formation. To understand the observed phenomena, it is necessary to assume a bi-directional coupling of composition and height fluctuations. This coupling gives rise to a sensitive dependence of the final morphology on the conditions of impurity supply. Because of this history dependence, the final morphology cannot be uniquely characterized by a steady state impurity concentration.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-Strength Steels in Aqueous Environments (1990)

Stress corrosion crack growth behavior of 4130 (UNS(1) G41300) and 4340 (UNS GG43400) steels was examined as a function of temperature in deaerated distilled water and deaerated 0.6 NaCl solution to determine whether electrochemical reactions controlled crack growth in the aqueous environments. Particular attention was given to the K-independent (Stage II) crack growth rate. Independent measurements of the rates of electrochemical reactions of bare steel surfaces with the chloride solution were made as a function of temperature to assist in this determination. The results showed that Stage II crack growth was thermally activated, with an apparent activation energy of 34 ±3 kJ/mol (at the 95% confidence level). Crack growth rates were found to be more rapid in distilled water than in the sodium chloride solution and were faster in the higher strength 4340 steel. The apparent activation energy for crack growth compared well with a pooled value of 37 ± 6 kJ/mol (95% confidence level) for reactions with water vapor and electrochemical reactions in the chloride solution. The agreement in apparent activation energies provides support for the hypothesis that crack growth in high-strength steels in the aqueous environments is controlled by the rate of electrochemical/chemical reactions, with the overall reaction rate controlled by either the anodic or the hydrolysis reactions. The results also indicated that hydrogen embrittlement is the responsible mechanism for crack growth enhancement. The difference in Stage II crack growth rates between 4130 and 4340 steels is tentatively attributed to a difference in the propensity for hydrogen segregation to the prior-austenite grain boundaries, which depends on the density of grain boundary traps for hydrogen.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Ganitumab (AMG 479) Inhibits IGF-II–Dependent Ovarian Cancer Growth and Potentiates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 114KB, Expression of Akt and PTEN in OV-90 and TOV-21G cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Early Keyboard Instruments (1930)

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, I deeply appreciate the honour you have conferred on me by asking me to speak to you about early keyboard instruments, and I feel sure that you will agree that, as a very interested amateur speaking to a body of experts, I am entitled to a full measure of tolerance. May I ask you at the outset to believe that I am not here to initiate a Scrap-Your-Grand-Piano campaign or to advocate a programme of “Clavichords for All”? I come to suggest that, after an examination of the construction of these instruments, of their beauties and their limitations, we shall agree that for the proper appreciation of the music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it is essential both to recognise them and to use them. As far as I can discover from the Proceedings of this Association the last occasion on which these instruments were the subject of a paper was in 1885 when the late A. J. Hipkins spoke about them. Every musical historian gratefully recognises Mr. Hipkins's pioneer work, but a good deal of fresh material has come to light since those days.