gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Small 6/2008 (2008)

The cover picture shows a 10 ×10 µm2 magnification of a spiderweb-shaped network of liquid-crystalline discotic phthalocyanines, as seen by atomic force microscopy. This peculiar pattern is obtained by creating a nanotemplate consisting of crisscrossed nanogrooves. When phthalocyanines are confined in such nanogrooves, sidewall interfacial tension makes the alignment of the discotic columns follow the tangential direction down to the micrometer scale. At small curvature radii, the bending energy overcomes the alignment energy and the columns misalign. This leads to a method allowing an estimation of their bending modulus. For more information, please read the Communication “Nanocontrolled Bending of Discotic Columns by Spiral Networks” by A. M. Jonas et al. beginning on page 728.
Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording on Dual-Thickness and Dual-Layer Bit-Patterned Media (2015)

This paper describes how microwave-assisted magnetic recording can be used to reduce adjacent track erasure and increase areal density in dual-thickness and dual-layer bit-patterned media. By tuning the high-frequency magnetic field, selective switching of dots in different layers or dots with different thicknesses can be achieved. Offsetting arrays of dots in different layers makes it easier to detect the signal from each layer, and areal densities of 5 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , or more, may be possible.
Effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 on aquaporin-4 expression in astrocytes after hypoxia and glucose deprivation and its regulatory mechanism (2019)

Objective
To investigate the effects and regulating mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene silencing on aquaporin 4(AQP4) expression in astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.


Methods
Cerebral cortical astrocytes from 2 days newborn SD rats were undergone the primary culture. The ischemic cell model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation. This experiment were divided into control group, negative control group and MMP-9 gene silencing group. The leakage rate of lactated dehydrogenase(LDH)was detected by chromatoptometry. The MMP-9 gene silencing was carried out by Lentivirus transfection. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of AQP4 and MMP-9. The expressions of PKA, PKC, PKG and CaMKⅡ were determined by Western blot.


Results
Compared with control group, LDH leakage rate was significantly higher in astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation(t=13.35, P 0.05).


Conclusion
The permeability of astrocytes is increased by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Gene silencing MMP-9 could induce expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein decreased, and MMP-9 may regulate AQP4 expression by regulating PKC activity.


Key words: 
Gene silencing; Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Aquaporin-4; Astrocyte; Oxygen-glucose deprivation
A unified approach to loop-free routing using distance vectors or link states (1989)

We present a unified approach for the dynamic computation of shortest paths in a computer network using either distance vectors or link states. We describe a distributed algorithm that provides loop-free paths at every instant and extends or improves algorithms introduced previously by Chandy and Misra, Jaffe and Moss, Merlin and Segall, and the author. Our approach treats the problem of distributed shortest-path routing as one of diffusing computations, which was first proposed by Dijkstra and Scholten. We verify the loop-freedom of the new algorithm, and also demonstrate that it converges to the correct routing entries a finite time after an arbitrary sequence of topological changes. We analyze the complexity of the new algorithm when distance vectors and link states are used, and show that using distance vectors is better insofar as routing overhead is concerned.
Un « nouvel Alexandre » mamelouk, al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalïl et le regain eschatologique du XIIIe siècle (2000)

Dans la longue inscription qui exalte ses hauts faits à l'entrée de la citadelle d'Alep, le sultan mamelouk al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalil (689/1290-692/1294) est qualifié d'« Alexandre de son temps ». Bien que l'épithète ait été utilisée avant lui par des émirs turcs et par Baybars, elle reçoit une signification particulière en raison de ses victoires éclatantes remportées contre les Francs et les Arméniens et, en conséquence, de ses espoirs de reconquête de l'Irak sur les Mongols. La dynastie mongole des Ilkhans, qui régnait sur la Perse, se réclamait d'un Alexandre devenu un héros national iranien. L'Alexandre qu'évoque al-Malik al-Ashraf est plus proche de l'« Homme aux deux cornes » qui, dans le Coran, édifie le mur contre Gog et Magog. Les exploits du sultan, dont l'ambition était de restaurer le califat à Bagdad, acquéraient ainsi une dimension eschatologique qui faisait de lui à la fois un conquérant universel et le fondateur d'une nouvelle ère de l'islam.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of Ni–Al2O3 thin films (1997)

Ni–Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite thin films have been produced on sapphire, silicon, and silica substrates by a combination of sol-gel processing and partial reduction reactions. Transmission electron microscopy shows Ni particles, ∼20 nm in diameter, embedded in slightly larger diameter alumina grains. X-ray diffraction lattice parameter measurements suggest that the Ni is in a state of nonhydrostatic strain. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements indicate that the Ni particles in the films on the silicon and silica substrates support perpendicular magnetization. The saturation Kerr rotation increases linearly with film thickness to values above pure Ni and independent of reflectivity, indicating that the material is behaving as a Faraday rotator. The enhanced magnetic properties of the composite films are related to the nonhydrostatic strain developed in the Ni particles during fabrication. It is argued that the strains originate from the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the film and substrate, and likely the volume shrinkage associated with the reduction reaction.
Adverse reactions to the injection of face and neck aesthetic filling materials: a systematic review (2022)

There is evidence that adverse reaction can be caused by different fillers in specific sites on the face. Although foreign body granuloma was the most common, other adverse lesions were diagnosed, exacerbating systemic diseases. In this way, we reinforce the importance of previous systemic evaluations and histopathological analyses for the correct diagnosis of lesions.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Localization of Irnmunoreactive Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor to Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Isolated Ovine Fetal Growth Plate Chondrocytes (1992)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) is a potent mitogen for chondrocytes in vitro and is present in developing cartilage in vivo. Studies of intracellular basic FGF localization in other cell types have revealed a transient nuclear presence. We have examined ovine fetal growth plate chondrocytes for the presence of intracellular basic FGF by immunocytochemistry. Chondrocytes were isolated from the proximal tibial growth plate of lamb fetuses between 75 and 80 days' gestation using collagenase, and were cultured in monolayer before use between passages 3 and 6. In non-synchronized cell cultures 58 +/- 6% of cells (mean +/- s.d., n = 3) demonstrated cytoplasmic staining for immunoreactive basic FGF. Of these cells, 18 +/- 3% also exhibited strong nuclear staining. Chondrocytes were growth-restricted and restarted into the cell cycle with 2% (vol/vol) fetal calf serum. The timing of S phase was followed by nuclear labelling of nuclei with [3H] thymidine followed by autoradiography, or by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable DNA in parallel cultures. A cytoplasmic presence of immunoreactive basic FGF did not appear, following immunocytochemistry, until the second half of G1 with 97% of cells immunopositive 2 hr prior to S phase. Nuclear staining for basic FGF appeared 2 hr before peak nuclear labelling index, and 56% of cell nuclei were immunopositive. Following entry into S phase cytoplasmic and nuclear basic FGF immunostaining rapidly disappeared. When these experiments were repeated with or without the presence of anti-basic FGF antibody or heparin, the presence of the antibody significantly reduced peak [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA during S phase while exposure to heparin increased this. However, the proportion of cells demonstrating cytoplasmic or nuclear staining for immunoreactive basic FGF, and the time of onset of staining, were unaltered. Incubation of cells with suramin blocked subsequent DNA synthesis and no intracellular basic FGF was visualized. Cell-conditioned culture medium, extracellular matrix and cytoplasm from synchronized cultures of chondrocytes were taken at time points throughout the cell cycle and assessed for basic FGF content by radioimmunoassay. Basic FGF was detectable in each compartment and steadily rose throughout the second half of G1 to reach maximum values around the S phase. The accumulation of basic FGF in medium, matrix and cytoplasm was blocked by the presence of cycloheximide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Integrating nutrition science and consumer behaviour into future food policy (2019)

The session 'Advancing risk assessment science - Nutrition' at EFSA's third Scientific Conference 'Science, Food and Society' aimed to foster the ongoing debate on the extent to which single nutrients, whole foods and overall diets may impact human health in wealthy populations, and to explore how societal and technological developments could affect food choices and diets in the future. The overarching goal of the session was to discuss how dietary guidelines could evolve to account for the switch from single nutrient deficiencies to diseases of malnutrition in all its forms as the predominant public health concern in developed countries. Speakers addressed the contribution of single nutrients to the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases, discussed the need to move towards diets focusing on whole foods and overall eating patterns, provided insides on food innovation and consumer behaviour and stressed the need for multidisciplinary approaches to face these challenges.
Control of blood proteins by functional disulfide bonds (2014)

Most proteins in nature are chemically modified after they are made to control how, when, and where they function. The 3 core features of proteins are posttranslationally modified: amino acid side chains can be modified, peptide bonds can be cleaved or isomerized, and disulfide bonds can be cleaved. Cleavage of peptide bonds is a major mechanism of protein control in the circulation, as exemplified by activation of the blood coagulation and complement zymogens. Cleavage of disulfide bonds is emerging as another important mechanism of protein control in the circulation. Recent advances in our understanding of control of soluble blood proteins and blood cell receptors by functional disulfide bonds is discussed as is how these bonds are being identified and studied.
A Deviation-Based Conditional Upper Bound on the Error Floor Performance for Min-Sum Decoding of Short LDPC Codes (2012)

Conditional upper bounds are given for min-sum decoding of low-density parity-check codes in the error floor region. It is generally thought that absorbing sets, i.e., small collections of variable nodes connected to a relatively small number of unsatisfied check nodes, are the primary source of errors in the error floor region. The conditional upper bounds presented here are based on the assumption that all error floor errors are caused by absorbing sets. In order to bound the probability of error associated with each absorbing set, a directed-edge Tanner graph is used to link absorbing sets to low-weight deviations. These low-weight deviations result when a proportionally large number of nodes within a stopping set belong to an absorbing set contained inside the stopping set. A complete collection of the most problematic absorbing sets, and the minimum deviation weights that result from them, are used to derive a conditional upper bound on the probability of error for min-sum decoding of low-density parity-check codes. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the bound.
Silicone die bond adhesive and clean in-line cure for copper lead frame (1990)

Stress analysis by the finite-element method and a die bonding experiment were performed indicating that a die bond adhesive having a very low Young's modulus is effective in reducing thermal stress. A silicone elastomer adhesive and an in-line cure process named the clean cure process were developed. In this process, the adhesive is cured quickly on a heat column, thus volatile organic species which affect the yield and reliability of devices are reduced significantly during cure. The bonding of large silicon dice to copper lead frames was successfully performed using this technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEXES OF RARE EARTH PICRATES ANDRAC-BIS(ETHYLSULFINYL)METHANE (1995)

Abstract The compound β-dissulfoxide bis(ethylsufinyl)methane (besm) was prepared by oxidation of bis(ethylthio)methane with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, and obtained as a mixture of its meso and d,1 diastereomers. An analytical sample was obtained by recrystallization from chloroform-diethyl ether. The racemic-bis(ethylsulfinyl)methane was characterized and studied by CHS elemental analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry, infrared spectra, 1H and 13C NMR. A series of compounds with composition RE(pic)32rac-besm [RE = La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y; pic = picrate and rac-besm = racemic-bis(ethylsulfinyl)methane] were synthesized and characterized by CHNS elemental analysis and rare earths complexometric titration with EDTA, conductance measurements, X-ray powder patterns, infrared spectra, visible absorption of the neodymium and emission spectra of the europium materials. The coordination polyhedron around the Eu3+ center is probably a dodecahedron with coordination number eight. Key Words: Complexesrare earthpicratesracemic-bis(ethylsulfinyl)methane
Development of Electrorheological Fluid Assisted Micro-Aspherical Generator (2000)

This paper deals with the development of a new type machining system for ultra-precise micro-aspherical parts, which is assisted with electrorheological phenomenon. Now, it is trying to machine the small parts utilizing a micro-grinding and -polishing with the same tool as a series of processes. As a diamond micro-quill for the grinding/polishing processes has a small diameter (0.1-1.0mm), an on-machine truing of the quill is very difficult and a tool life becomes short. A new method is developed, which is named an electrorheological fluid assisted polishing. In this process, polishing slurry is mixture of fine abrasive (diamond, GC or WA) and electrorheological fluid. A strong electric field (0-4kV/mm) is applied between a very sharp tool like a needle (negative electrode) and a fixed electrode on the workpiece surface (positive electrode), and viscosity of the polishing slurry is increased. The abrasive particles gather around the tip of the tool, and are softly held. The necessary instrumentation and control system have been designed and built. The machine has NC controlled 2-axis slide tables driven with ultrasonic linear motors and ultra-precision air spindles. Basic motion errors of the machine were investigated.
An investigation of new toxicity test method performance in validation studies: 1. toxicity test methods that have predictive capacity no greater than chance (2002)

An approach commonly used to measure new toxicity test method (NTM) performance in validation studies is to divide toxicity results into positive and negative classifications, and the identify true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results. After this step is completed, the contingent probability statistics (CPS), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) are calculated. Although these statistics are widely used and often the only statistics used to assess the performance of toxicity test methods, there is little specific guidance in the validation literature on what values for these statistics indicate adequate performance. The purpose of this study was to begin developing data-based answers to this question by characterizing the CPS obtained from an NTM whose data have a completely random association with a reference test method (RTM). Determining the CPS of this worst-case scenario is useful because it provides a lower baseline from which the performance of an NTM can be judged in future validation studies. It also provides an indication of relationships in the CPS that help identify random or near-random relationships in the data. The results from this study of randomly associated tests show that the values obtained for the statistics vary significantly depending on the cut-offs chosen, that high values can be obtained for individual statistics, and that the different measures cannot be considered independently when evaluating the performance of an NTM. When the association between results of an NTM and RTM is random the sum of the complementary pairs of statistics (sensitivity + specificity, NPV + PPV) is approximately 1, and the prevalence (i.e., the proportion of toxic chemicals in the population of chemicals) and PPV are equal. Given that combinations of high sensitivity-low specificity or low specificity-high sensitivity (i.e., the sum of the sensitivity and specificity equal to approximately 1) indicate lack of predictive capacity, an NTM having these performance characteristics should be considered no better for predicting toxicity than by chance alone.
Magic continuum in twisted bilayer WSe2 (2019)

Emergent quantum phases driven by electronic interactions can manifest in materials with narrowly dispersing, i.e. "flat", energy bands. Recently, flat bands have been realized in a variety of graphene-based heterostructures using the tuning parameters of twist angle, layer stacking and pressure, and resulting in correlated insulator and superconducting states. Here we report the experimental observation of similar correlated phenomena in twisted bilayer tungsten diselenide (tWSe2), a semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). Unlike twisted bilayer graphene where the flat band appears only within a narrow range around a "magic angle", we observe correlated states over a continuum of angles, spanning 4 degree to 5.1 degree. A Mott-like insulator appears at half band filling that can be sensitively tuned with displacement field. Hall measurements supported by ab initio calculations suggest that the strength of the insulator is driven by the density of states at half filling, consistent with a 2D Hubbard model in a regime of moderate interactions. At 5.1 degree twist, we observe evidence of superconductivity upon doping away from half filling, reaching zero resistivity around 3 K. Our results establish twisted bilayer TMDs as a model system to study interaction-driven phenomena in flat bands with dynamically tunable interactions.
The Growth of Pure Strain L Cells in Fluid-Suspension Cultures<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref> (1954)

Journal Article The Growth of Pure Strain L Cells in Fluid-Suspension Cultures Get access Wilton R. Earle, Wilton R. Earle Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Schilling, Edward L. Schilling Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jay C. Bryant, Jay C. Bryant Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans Virginia J. Evans Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 5, April 1954, Pages 1159–1171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.5.1159 Published: 01 April 1954 Article history Received: 23 October 1953 Published: 01 April 1954
Formation of transcription preinitiation complexes with an amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase II. (1988)

Accurate transcription by RNA polymerase II has been shown to require multiple factors which participate in a number of intermediate steps prior to initiation. The last detectable step before initiation is the formation of an activated or rapid start complex which is template-associated. In this study we used two phenotypically distinguishable forms of mammalian RNA polymerase II to examine the requirement for specific factors in the formation of the activated complex. RNA polymerase II was purified from a mutant cell line which was resistant to levels of alpha-amanitin that are toxic for normal cells. When added to a polymerase-dependent transcription system consisting of HeLa factors and adenovirus DNA, the mutant polymerase accurately transcribed the template in an amanitin-resistant fashion. This amanitin-resistant transcription was competitively inhibited when wild-type polymerase was also added to the system. Preincubation of amanitin-resistant polymerase with DNA and factors produced a polymerase-associated complex, defined by its resistance to exchange for the amanitin-sensitive polymerase. Complex formation required the presence of polymerase, DNA, and the HeLa factors during the preincubation but did not require the presence of nucleotides. Complexes were template-associated, as shown by their inability to exchange onto a second template. Thus, prior to initiation, RNA polymerase II forms a stable association with the DNA template in an activated complex.
The Seven-Component Assembly of the Bowl-Shaped Cages Cp*7Rh7(CN)122+and Cp*7Rh3Ir4(CN)122+ (1998)

A novel bowl-shaped cyanometalate cage [Cp*7Rh7(CN)12]2+ (3) forms via the reaction between MeCN solutions of Et4N[Cp*Rh(CN)3] and [Cp*Rh(NCMe)3](PF6)2; this seven-component condensation proceeds in 89% yield. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic measurements as well as a single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that 3 features a C3v Rh7(CN)9 cage, which can be described as a fragment of a Rh8(CN)12 box.