gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of radiation-gasdynamic interaction of high-power vacuum ultraviolet radiation fluxes with transparent condensed media (1984)

An experimental investigation was made of the radiation-gasdynamic interaction of high-power vacuum ultraviolet radiation fluxes with optical materials. Wide-band ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation was generated by cumulation of hypersonic oppositely directed plasma jets formed by magnetoplasma compressors of the erosion type. A description is given of the apparatus and method used to measure the transmission characteristics of optical materials in the ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet parts of the spectrum. The results are given of measurements of the optical properties of quartz, lithium fluoride, and magnesium fluoride in the spectral range 250–120 nm after direct contact with a light-emitting plasma and under conditions of formation of an optically dense (in respect of hard vacuum ultraviolet radiation) gas layer. It is shown that, in principle, it is possible to construct sources of ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation with a high brightness temperature of 30 kK in which the light-emitting medium is isolated by transparent walls.
4D phase contrast MRI in the preterm infant: visualisation of patent ductus arteriosus (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Wastewater monitoring for virus infections within communities can complement conventional clinical surveillance. Currently, most SARS-CoV-2 testing is performed during clinical encounters with symptomatic individuals, and therefore likely underrepresents actual population prevalence. Randomized testing on a regular basis to estimate population-level infection rates is prohibitively costly and is hampered by a range of barriers associated with participation in clinical research. In comparison, community-level fecal monitoring can be performed through wastewater surveillance and can effectively surveil communities with less temporal lag than other surveillance methods. However, epidemiologically-defined protocols for wastewater sample site selection are lacking. <h3>Methods</h3> Herein we describe methods for developing a geographically-resolved population-level wastewater sampling approach in Jefferson County, Kentucky which may have general applicability for cities throughout the United States. This approach was developed by the selection of sampling locations along sewer lines transporting raw wastewater from geographically and demographically distinct areas that correspond with locations where random testing of residents occurs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Development of this protocol for population-level sampling for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in wastewater can be utilized to inform consistent wastewater monitoring among cities for up-to-date and geographically-resolved information on COVID-19 prevalence within communities. This information could substantially supplement public health surveillance of COVID-19 and thus serve to better guide targeted mitigation strategies throughout the United States.
Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang), a formulated Chinese medicine, reduces aggregation and exerts neuroprotection in spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) cell and mouse models (2019)

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 17 is an autosomal dominant ataxia caused by expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the TATA-box binding protein (TBP). Substantial studies have shown involvement of compromised mitochondria biogenesis regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), nuclear factor-Y subunit A (NFYA), and their downstream target genes in the pathogenesis of polyQ-expansion diseases. The extracts of <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> (<i>P. lactiflora</i>) and <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> (<i>G. uralensis</i>) have long been used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang) is a formulated CHM made of <i>P. lactiflora</i> and <i>G. uralensis</i> at a 1:1 ratio. In the present study, we demonstrated the aggregate-inhibitory and anti-oxidative effect of SG-Tang in 293 TBP/Q<sub>79</sub> cells. We then showed that SG-Tang reduced the aggregates and ameliorated the neurite outgrowth deficits in TBP/Q<sub>79</sub> SH-SY5Y cells. SG-Tang upregulated expression levels of NFYA, PGC-1α, NRF2, and their downstream target genes in TBP/Q<sub>79</sub> SH-SY5Y cells. Knock down of NFYA, PGC-1α, and NRF2 attenuated the neurite outgrowth promoting effect of SG-Tang on TBP/Q<sub>79</sub> SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SG-Tang inhibited aggregation and rescued motor-deficits in SCA17 mouse model. The study results suggest the potential of SG-Tang in treating SCA17 and probable other polyQ diseases.
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation for Treatment of Uterine Fibroids (2014)

Purpose: To assess the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation to reduce symptoms of uterine fibroids. Materials and Methods: 17 premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine fibroids despite conventional medical treatment were included. The assessment of symptoms and characteristics of fibroids by vaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed before starting treatment and 6 months after the procedure. Successful treatment was clinically considered if patients reported a reduction in symptoms 6 months after RF myolysis. Successful treatment was also considered if the necrosis of the fibroid was greater than 50%, 6 months after treatment. Results: The baseline score on visual analogue scale (VAS) for dysmenorrhea and intermenstrual pain was 5.76 ± 3.31 and 3.0 ± 3.4, respectively. According to a score of 0 - 3, baseline bleeding during menstruation was 2.29 ± 0.92. Six months after RF myolysis, the VAS for dysmenorrhea was 2.75 ± 3.32 (p = 0.004), whereas for intermenstrual pain it was 1.38 ± 2.56 (p = 0.02). Menstrual bleeding was reduced to 1.13 ± 0.89 (p = 0.005). Clinical success of the treatment was evident in 11 (64.7%) of the 17 patients with a 95% CI [38.6%, 84.7%]. Fourteen patients underwent MRI monitoring 6 months post-myolysis. Compared to baseline fibroid volume, ultrasound and MRI volume were 57.38% and 79.66% six months after surgery, respectively. A total of 13 patients (92.86%) had radiological success from the treatment (95% CI [64.2%, 99.6%]). Conclusion: Since percutaneous RF myolysis reduces volume and symptoms of uterine fibroids, it may be considered as a valid treatment for symptomatic fibroids.
A control method to damp oscillation in the input LC filter (2003)

A control method to damp oscillation in the input LC filter of AC-DC PWM converters is proposed in this paper. The oscillation in the input LC filter of AC-DC PWM converters is damped by using a virtual resistor that can be connected either in series to or parallel with filter inductor or capacitor. Because no real resistor is used, the efficiency of the converters is not sacrificed. The required additional sensor and implementation of the virtual resistor in the control algorithm is strongly influenced by how the virtual resistor is connected to the LC filter. We need an additional current sensor if the virtual resistor is connected in series to the filter inductor or capacitor and an additional voltage sensor if connected in parallel. Simulated and experimental results are included to verify the proposed method.
Effects of Bearing Friction of a Free-to-Roll Rig on Transonic Lateral Dynamics (2008)

Tare test data of a free-to-roll test rig with wind off are analyzed for the bearing friction by a method of differential corrections. The resulting data set is extended to transonic wind-on test conditions in oscillation frequency, amplitude, and normal force by assuming the friction coefficient to be inversely proportional to the frequency. The extended set of data is employed to establish a numerical model through a fuzzy logic algorithm. Some results showing the effects of frequency, amplitude, and normal force on the friction torque are illustrated in the paper. The predicted friction torque is then removed from the balance readings of rolling moments in the free-to-roll testing. Results of data analysis for the F-18C and F-16C models indicate that bearing-friction torques have very significant effects on the measured or experimentally determined roll damping. Without friction correction, the measured roll damping would be too small and, in some cases, even incorrect in sign. The effect of friction torque on the dihedral effect tends to be minor. Exceptions to these results appear when the configuration exhibits unstable roll damping in transonic flow.
Solvent‐Free Catalytic Depolymerization of Cellulose to Water‐Soluble Oligosaccharides (2012)

The use of cellulose is hampered by difficulties with breaking up the biopolymer into soluble products. Herein, we show that the impregnation of cellulosic substrates with catalytic amounts of a strong acid (e.g., H(2)SO(4), HCl) is a highly effective strategy for minimizing the contact problem commonly experienced in mechanically assisted, solid-state reactions. Milling the acid-impregnated cellulose fully converts the substrate into water-soluble oligosaccharides within 2 h. In aqueous solution, soluble products are easily hydrolyzed at 130 °C in 1 h, leading to 91 % conversion of the glucan fraction of α-cellulose into glucose, and 96 % of the xylans into xylose. Minor products are glucose dimers (8 %), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1 %) and furfural (4 %). Milling practical feedstocks (e.g., wood, sugarcane bagasse, and switchgrass) also results to water-soluble products (oligosaccharides and lignin fragments). The integrated approach (solid-state depolymerization in combination with liquid-phase hydrolysis) could well hold the key to a highly efficient "entry process" in biorefinery schemes.
Prospects of using silicon photomultipliers for the astroparticle physics experiments EUSO and MAGIC (2006)

We discuss the silicon photomultiplier as a novel photon detector for the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov Telescope and the Extreme Universe Space Observatory. For these astroparticle experiments we pursue two different developments of the SiPM. One development is pursued at MEPhI, where prototypes are available. In the course of this paper we will describe some characteristics of these devices. The second development, which is using the back illumination principle is at present in its design phase.
Microfluidic photonics (2004)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Scherer, "Microfluidic photonics," in Frontiers in Optics 2004/Laser Science XXII/Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics/Optical Fabrication and Testing, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper FThU1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Estrus cyclicity of spinogenesis: underlying mechanisms (2009)

Hippocampal spine density varies with the estrus cycle. The cyclic change in estradiol levels in serum was hypothesized to underlie this phenomenon, since treatment of ovariectomized animals with estradiol induced an increase in spine density in hippocampal dendrites of rats, as compared to ovariectomized controls. In contrast, application of estradiol to hippocampal slice cultures did not promote spinogenesis. In addressing this discrepancy, we found that hippocampal neurons themselves are capable of synthesizing estradiol de novo. Estradiol synthesis can be suppressed by aromatase inhibitors and by knock-down of Steroid Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) and enhanced by substrates of steroidogenesis. Expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and synaptic proteins, synaptogenesis, and long-term potentiation (LTP) correlated positively with aromatase activity in hippocampal cultures without any difference between genders. All effects due to inhibition of aromatase activity were rescued by application of estradiol to the cultures. Most importantly, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) increased estradiol synthesis dose-dependently via an aromatase-mediated mechanism and consistently increased spine synapse density and spinophilin expression. As a consequence, our data suggest that cyclic fluctuations in spine synapse density result from pulsative release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and its effect on hippocampal estradiol synthesis, rather than from varying levels of serum estradiol. This hypothesis is further supported by higher GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) density in the hippocampus than in the cortex and hypothalamus and the specificity of estrus cyclicity of spinogenesis in the hippocampus, as compared to the cortex.
PATTERNS OF AVIAN GEOGRAPHY AND SPECIATION IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN REGION (1978)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Ethiopia - SME Finance Project : restructuring (2017)

The objective of the SME Finance Project for Ethiopia is to increase access to finance for Eligible Small and Medium Enterprises in the Recipient's territory. This restructuring proposes to shift the program entry point as well as the site of registration from REMSEDAs to PFIs and BDS providers. This change will streamline access to the project for SMEs themselves, and will ensure that IDs are issues per a standardized process. SMEs interested in accessing Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Finance Project services (loans, leases, business development services) will visit Participating Financial Institutions (PFI) or business development service providers (BDS) to access these services. At this time, the PFIs and BDS providers will register eligible participants, and issue project IDs. All other elements of the registration process will remain the same, with each sub-borrower issued a unique ID number, and only sub-borrowers with an ID number will be eligible to receive project services.
Disentangling orbital and spin exchange interactions for Co2+ on a rocksalt lattice (2018)

Neutron spectroscopy was applied to study the magnetic interactions of orbitally degenerate ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ on a host MgO rocksalt lattice where no long-range spin or orbital order exists. The paramagnetic nature of the substituted monoxide ${\mathrm{Co}}_{0.03}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{0.97}\mathrm{O}$ allows for the disentanglement of spin exchange and spin-orbit interactions. By considering the prevalent excitations from ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ spin pairs, we extract seven exchange constants out to the fourth coordination shell. An antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor ${180}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ exchange interaction is dominant; however, dual ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions are observed for pairings with other pathways. These interactions can be understood in terms of a combination of orbital degeneracy in the ${t}_{2g}$ channel and the Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules. Our work suggest that such a hierarchy of exchange interactions exists in transition-metal-based oxides with a ${t}_{2g}$ orbital degeneracy.
Sea urchin zygote chromatin exhibit an unfolded nucleosomal array during the first S phase (1995)

Abstract To investigate changes in chromatin organization associated with DNA replication during the first stages of development of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger , we compared micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion patterns of chromatin from zygotes harvested during the first S phase and from unfertilized eggs. We observed that the majority of DNA fragments derived from MNase digested zygote nuclei were similar to or smaller than a mononucleosome, while those derived from unfertilized egg nuclei were larger (1,500 to 410 bp). This result indicates that in zygotes, where active DNA replication is occurring, the major chromatin fraction is represented as unfolded nucleosomes. In contrast, in unfertilized eggs chromatin appears to be organized into polynucleosomes. To determine if the unfolded structure of nucleosomes observed during S phase is related to the level of poly (ADP‐ribosylation) of cleavage stage (CS) histone variants, zygotes were treated with 20 mM 3‐Amino Benzamide (3 ABA) during the interval between 3 and 30 min post‐insemination (p.i.). This treatment with 3 ABA decreases the poly (ADP‐ribosylation) of CS histone variants and inhibits the first S phase in zygotes [Imschenetzky et al. (1991): J Cell Biochem 46:234–241; Imschenetzky et al. (1993): J Cell Biochem 51:198–205]. When the MNase digested patterns of chromatin from these 3 ABA treated and control zygotes were compared, we found that the unfolded structure of the nucleosomes remains unaltered by the inhibition of the poly (ADP‐ribose) synthetase with 3 ABA. This result indicates that the unfolded nucleosomal structure, particular to the chromatin of S phase zygotes, is not contemporaneous to DNA replication and is independent of the normal level of poly (ADP‐ribosylation) of CS histone variants. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scube/You activity mediates release of dually lipid-modified Hedgehog signal in soluble form (2012)

Owing to their covalent modification by cholesterol and palmitate, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins are localized predominantly to the plasma membrane of expressing cells. Yet Hh proteins are also capable of mobilizing to and eliciting direct responses from distant cells. The zebrafish you gene, identified genetically >15 years ago, was more recently shown to encode a secreted glycoprotein that acts cell-nonautonomously in the Hh signaling pathway by an unknown mechanism. We investigated the function of the protein encoded by murine Scube2, an ortholog of you, and found that it mediates release in soluble form of the mature, cholesterol- and palmitate-modified Sonic hedgehog protein signal (ShhNp) when added to cultured cells or purified detergent-resistant membrane microdomains containing ShhNp. The efficiency of Scube2-mediated release of ShhNp is enhanced by the palmitate adduct of ShhNp and by coexpression in ShhNp-producing cells of mDispatchedA (mDispA), a transporter-like protein with a previously defined role in the release of lipid-modified Hh signals. The structural determinants of Scube2 required for its activity in cultured cell assays match those required for rescue of you mutant zebrafish embryos, and we thus conclude that the role of Scube/You proteins in Hh signaling in vivo is to facilitate the release and mobilization of Hh proteins for distant action.
Monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology for advanced space communication (1988)

Future Space Communications subsystems will utilize GaAs Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC's) to reduce volume, weight, and cost and to enhance system reliability. Recent advances in GaAs MMIC technology have led to high-performance devices which show promise for insertion into these next generation systems. The status and development of a number of these devices operating from Ku through Ka band will be discussed along with anticipated potential applications.
Erratum: High Performance Hydrogen/Bromine Redox Flow Battery for Grid-Scale Energy Storage [J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A1806 (2012)] (2013)

Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-190942doi:10.1149/2.006308jesView record in Web of Science Record created on 2013-12-09, modified on 2017-05-10
Endothelial Cell Metabolism in Normal and Diseased Vasculature (2015)

Higher organisms rely on a closed cardiovascular circulatory system with blood vessels supplying vital nutrients and oxygen to distant tissues. Not surprisingly, vascular pathologies rank among the most life-threatening diseases. At the crux of most of these vascular pathologies are (dysfunctional) endothelial cells (ECs), the cells lining the blood vessel lumen. ECs display the remarkable capability to switch rapidly from a quiescent state to a highly migratory and proliferative state during vessel sprouting. This angiogenic switch has long been considered to be dictated by angiogenic growth factors (eg, vascular endothelial growth factor) and other signals (eg, Notch) alone, but recent findings show that it is also driven by a metabolic switch in ECs. Furthermore, these changes in metabolism may even override signals inducing vessel sprouting. Here, we review how EC metabolism differs between the normal and dysfunctional/diseased vasculature and how it relates to or affects the metabolism of other cell types contributing to the pathology. We focus on the biology of ECs in tumor blood vessel and diabetic ECs in atherosclerosis as examples of the role of endothelial metabolism in key pathological processes. Finally, current as well as unexplored EC metabolism-centric therapeutic avenues are discussed.
Recent challenges to the psychiatric diagnostic nosology: a focus on the genetics and genomics of neurodevelopmental disorders (2014)

Recent advances in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) have demonstrated that rare mutations play a role not only in Mendelian syndromes, but in complex, common forms of NDDs as well. Strikingly, both common polymorphisms and rare variations in a single gene or genetic locus have been found to carry risk for conditions previously considered to be clinically and aetiologically distinct. Recent developments in the methods and tools available for studying complex NDDs have led to systematic and reliable genome-wide variant discovery. Both common as well as rare, and structural as well as sequence, genetic variations have been identified as contributing to NDDs. There are multiple examples in which the identical variant had been found to contribute to a wide range of formerly distinct diagnoses, including autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, intellectual disability and language disorders. These include variations in chromosomal structure at 16p11.2, rare de novo point mutations at the gene SCN2A, and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping near loci encoding the genes ITIH3, AS3MT, CACNA1C and CACNB2. These selected examples point to the challenges to current diagnostic approaches. Widely used categorical schema have been adequate to provide an entré into molecular mechanisms of NDDs, but there is a need to develop an alternative, more biologically-relevant nosology. Thus recent advances in gene discovery in the area of NDDs are leading to a re-conceptualization of diagnostic boundaries. Findings suggest that epidemiological samples may provide important new insights into the genetics and diagnosis of NDDs and that other areas of medicine may provide useful models for developing a new diagnostic nosology, one that simultaneously integrates categorical diagnoses, biomarkers and dimensional variables.
Exciton-Photon Strong-Coupling Regime for a Single Quantum Dot Embedded in a Microcavity (2005)

We report on the observation of the strong-coupling regime between the excitonic transition of a single GaAs quantum dot and a discrete optical mode of a microdisk microcavity. Photoluminescence is performed at various temperatures to tune the quantum dot exciton with respect to the optical mode. At resonance, we observe a clear anticrossing behavior, signature of the strong-coupling regime. The vacuum Rabi splitting amounts to 400 microeV and is twice as large as the individual linewidths.