gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moldable capillary suppressor for open tubular ion chromatography based on a polymeric ion exchanger. (2021)

We successfully fabricated 45 μm bore microchannels in PVA-Poly(styrenesulfonate) cation exchange polymers. by casting aqueous prepolymer mixtures around fine tungsten wire mandrels, curing, crosslinking by thermal annealing, and subsequently removing the microwire. This was then used as a chemically regenerated microsuppressor (with a cleaner MS background than its commercial macro counterparts) for open tubular ion chromatography, with an integrated tubular conductivity cell, tested to backpressures up to 600 psi. The overall system permits detection limits for common inorganic ions in the low μg/L levels with a 4-nL injection, isocratic elution and regeneration with poly(styrene sulfonic acid).
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport: Steady state Fokker Planck theory in arbitrary Z plasmas (2023)

The generation of energetic electrons in laser fusion in an important issue. The electrons may either arise from a laser plasma instability, or from the uncoupled high temperature tail of a Maxwellian distribution. To study these in a laser fusion context, it is important to find a method accurate enough to be useful, and simple enough to be incorporated into a radiation hydrodynamics numerical simulation, the main workhorse for studying the laser fusion target. That is why analytic insights become important, they allow one to simplify the Fokker Planck theory so that a solution of it can be incorporated into a radiation hydrodynamic simulation. This work develops and analyzes a steady state Fokker Planck theory for plasmas of arbitrary Z. It develops a method of solving the simplified Fokker Planck method with a technique called sparse eigenfunction analysis. This method appears to work reasonably well when compared to the experimental results from the Rochester/NIF on plastic spherical targets with and without a silicon layer.
Reducing power with dynamic critical path information (2005)

Recent research has shown that dynamic information regarding instruction criticality can be used to increase microprocessor performance. Critical path information can also be used in processors to achieve a better balance of power and performance. This paper uses the output of a dynamic critical path predictor to decrease the power consumption of key portions of the processor without incurring a corresponding decrease in performance. The optimizations include effective use of functional units with different power and latency characteristics and decreased issue logic power.
Remote sensing based on reflective bandpass long-period fiber grating and fiber ring laser (2012)

A remote sensing system based on bandpass long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and fiber ring laser is proposed in this paper. The reflective bandpass LPFG is fabricated by fusion splicing a piece of hollow core fiber (HCF) to the LPFG. And the fiber ring laser is employed to narrow the line-width of the bandpass LPFG and realize remote sensing. As an application example, a temperature experiment is conducted at the spot more than 1 km away from the fiber ring laser. The experimental results show that such a sensor has a sensitivity of 0.0254nm/&deg;C within the range of 20-150&deg;C.
Formulação de um novo polímero à base PP e PLA (2020)

As misturas contendo polipropileno são utilizadas no setor industrial como material de sacola, cadeira, utensílios domésticos, podendo até ser usadas em baterias de celular. O interesse na criação desse material se deve à baixa densidade em relação aos materiais mais comuns como o ferro e o cerâmico, além da boa resistência à corrosão e razoáveis propriedades mecânicas em ambientes sem elevadas temperatura e pressão. Com o objetivo de diversificar as propriedades mecânicas e viscosas e foi-se usado diferentes tipos de polímeros como o poliácido láctico que apresenta propriedades benéficas para a reciclagem como a degradação. É um desafio o controle da proporção certa e o uso de aditivos e plastificantes para o controle das propriedades desejadas. Os métodos utilizados para mesurar as propriedades das misturas de polipropileno e poliácido láctico com os diferentes tipos de aditivos, compatibilizantes e plastificantes, foram os ensaios de DMA, TGA, tração, DSC e de reologia seguindo as normas ASTM. Os resultados foram promissores, observando-se diferentes propriedades mecânicas e de viscosidade para a mistura PP/PLA/PP-g-MA/D nas diversas proporções. Concluindo assim que os diferentes produtos apresentam aplicação variada na indústria.
Chemistry of tetrakis(triethyl phosphite)nickel hydride, HNi[P(OEt)3]4+. IV. Mechanism of olefin isomerization (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of tetrakis(triethyl phosphite)nickel hydride, HNi[P(OEt)3]4+. IV. Mechanism of olefin isomerizationChadwick A. TolmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9, 2994–2999Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00764a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00764a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2936Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease—Associations and Underlying Mechanisms (2021)

Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups-cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes-its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
Histopathology of bullminnows, Fundulus grandis Baird & Girard, infected with a non‐haemolytic group B Streptococcus sp. (1985)

Abstract. Histopathological changes in bullminnows, Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard, experimentally infected with a non‐haemolytic group B Streptococcus sp. were studied. Following experimental exposure to the Streptococcus sp. approximately 40% of the fish developed exophthalmia, dropsy or petechial haemorrhage along the abdomen. The exophthalmic eye showed haemorrhage with neutrophil infiltration. The liver was oedematous and hepatocytes were atrophied, accompanied by a decrease in glycogen and increases in vacuolization, hyaline droplet degeneration and necrosis. The spleen was congested and cells of the sheathed artery were necrotized.
Structure of Sesquiterpenoid Glucoside from Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves (1991)

Journal Article Structure of Sesquiterpenoid Glucoside from Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves Get access Hiroyuki Tazaki, Hiroyuki Tazaki Applied Plant Research Laboratory, Yokohama Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6–2 Umegaoka, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hisashi Kodama, Hisashi Kodama Applied Plant Research Laboratory, Yokohama Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6–2 Umegaoka, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akio Ohnishi, Akio Ohnishi Applied Plant Research Laboratory, Yokohama Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6–2 Umegaoka, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takane Fujimori Takane Fujimori Applied Plant Research Laboratory, Yokohama Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6–2 Umegaoka, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 7, 1 July 1991, Pages 1889–1890, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870847 Published: 01 July 1991 Article history Received: 26 December 1990 Published: 01 July 1991
Dysphagia and dysmotility of the pharynx and oesophagus in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (2007)

Subjective swallowing difficulties were more common in pSS patients than in controls while objective signs of pharyngeal and oesophageal dysmotility were not. Dysphagia in pSS patients does not seem to be related to video radiographical signs of dysmotility but may be related to an impaired parasympathetic function.
Use of glucose‐responsive material to regulate insulin release from constitutively secreting cells (2006)

Genetically-engineered cells offer a solution to the cell availability problem in tissue engineering a pancreatic substitute for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. These cells can be non-beta cells, such as hepatocytes or myoblasts, retrieved as a biopsy from the same patient and genetically engineered to secrete recombinant insulin constitutively or under transcriptional regulation. However, the continuous or slowly responsive insulin secretion dynamics from these cells cannot provide physiologic glucose regulation in patients. Our objective consists of using such cells as an insulin source and of regulating insulin release by incorporating a glucose-responsive material, which acts as a control barrier for insulin in a cell-material hybrid device. Experiments were performed with insulinoma betaTC3 cells, HepG2 hepatomas, and C2C12 myoblasts, the latter two genetically-modified to constitutively secrete insulin. The control barrier consisted of concanavalin A (con A)-based glucose-responsive material, which forms a gel at low and a sol at high glucose concentrations. Results demonstrated that the device released insulin at a higher rate in response to glucose challenges. In contrast, a device containing an inert hydrogel instead of glucose-responsive material released insulin at an essentially constant rate, irrespective of the surrounding glucose concentration. Necessary material improvements include increased sensitivity to glucose, so that the material responds to physiologically relevant glucose concentrations, and increased stability. The prospects of developing a properly functional, implantable substitute based on engineered non-beta cells and glucose-responsive material, and the material and device improvements that need to be made prior to in vivo experiments, are discussed.
Association of Pre-diagnostic Antibody Responses to Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Proteins with Colorectal Cancer in a European Cohort (2021)

Experimental evidence has implicated genotoxic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and enterotoxigenic <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (ETBF) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence from epidemiological studies is sparse. We therefore assessed the association of serological markers of <i>E. coli</i> and ETBF exposure with odds of developing CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) study.Serum samples of incident CRC cases and matched controls (n = 442 pairs) were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G antibody responses to seven <i>E. coli</i> proteins and two isoforms of the ETBF toxin via multiplex serology. Multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of sero-positivity to <i>E. coli</i> and ETBF with CRC.The IgA-positivity of any of the tested <i>E. coli</i> antigens was associated with higher odds of developing CRC (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.05-1.91). Dual-positivity for both IgA and IgG to <i>E. coli</i> and ETBF was associated with >1.7-fold higher odds of developing CRC, with a significant association only for IgG (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.94). This association was more pronounced when restricted to the proximal colon cancers (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.09, 6.29) compared to those of the distal colon (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.51, 3.00) (<i>p<sub>heterogeneity</sub> </i>= 0.095). Sero-positivity to <i>E. coli</i> and ETBF was associated with CRC development, suggesting that co-infection of these bacterial species may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. These findings warrant further exploration in larger prospective studies and within different population groups.
A power estimation model for high-speed CMOS A/D converters (1999)

Power estimation is important for system-level exploration and trade-off analysis of VLSI systems. A power estimator for high-speed analog to digital converters that exploits information from reported designs is presented. The estimator is an analytical expression which is independent of the actual topology used and can easily be updated with new published designs. Experimental results show a good predictor accuracy of better than a factor 2.2 for most designs.
Maximum-likelihood criterion and single-molecule detection (1995)

The maximum-likelihood criterion is shown to be a powerful method for analyzing fluorescence-detection data with small signal-to-noise ratios. A probability study of the maximum-likelihood criterion for a supposed single-molecule detection experiment is presented that takes into account the photokinetics of the molecule to be detected, its diffusion, and the laser-beam geometry. Furthermore, the efficiency of time-integrated and time-correlated single-photon counting methods are studied and compared.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activity during the Gradual Acquisition and Expression of Paired-Associate Memory (2005)

Recent neurophysiological findings from the monkey hippocampus showed dramatic changes in the firing rate of individual hippocampal cells as a function of learning new associations. To extend these findings to humans, we used blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the patterns of brain activity during learning of an analogous associative task. We observed bilateral, monotonic increases in activity during learning not only in the hippocampus but also in the parahippocampal and right perirhinal cortices. In addition, activity related to simple novelty signals was observed throughout the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system and in several frontal regions. A contrasting pattern was observed in a frontoparietal network in which a high level of activity was sustained until the association was well learned, at which point the activity decreased to baseline. Thus, we found that associative learning in humans is accompanied by striking increases in BOLD fMRI activity throughout the MTL as well as in the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe, consistent with neurophysiological findings in the monkey hippocampus. The finding that both the hippocampus and surrounding MTL cortex exhibited similar associative learning and novelty signals argues strongly against the view that there is a clear division of labor in the MTL in which the hippocampus is essential for forming associations and the cortex is involved in novelty detection. A second experiment addressed a striking aspect of the data from the first experiment by demonstrating a substantial effect of baseline task difficulty on MTL activity capable of rendering mnemonic activity as either "positive" or "negative."
Bioinformatic Prediction Programs Underestimate the Frequency of CXCR4 Usage by R5X4 HIV Type 1 in Brain and Other Tissues (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) variants in brain primarily use CCR5 for entry into macrophages and microglia, but dual-tropic (R5X4) HIV-1 has been detected in brain and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of some patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Here, we sequenced the gp120 coding region of nine full-length dual-tropic (R5X4) env genes cloned directly from autopsy brain and spleen tissue from an AIDS patient with severe HAD. We then compiled a dataset of 30 unique clade B R5X4 Env V3 sequences from this subject and 16 additional patients (n = 4 brain and 26 lymphoid/blood) and used it to compare the ability of six bioinformatic algorithms to correctly predict CXCR4 usage in R5X4 Envs. Only one program (SVM(geno2pheno)) correctly predicted the ability of R5X4 Envs in this dataset to use CXCR4 with 90% accuracy (n = 27/30 predicted to use CXCR4). The PSSM(SINSI), Random Forest, and SVM(genomiac) programs and the commonly used charge rule correctly predicted CXCR4 usage with >50% accuracy (22/30, 16/30, 19/30, and 25/30, respectively), while the PSSM(X4R5) matrix and "11/25" rule correctly predicted CXCR4 usage in <50% of the R5X4 Envs (10/30 and 13/30, respectively). Two positions in the V3 loop (19 and 32) influenced coreceptor usage predictions of nine R5X4 Envs from patient MACS1 and a total of 12 Envs from the dataset (40% of unique V3 sequences). These results demonstrate that most predictive algorithms underestimate the frequency of R5X4 HIV-1 in brain and other tissues. SVM(geno2pheno) is the most accurate predictor of CXCR4 usage by R5X4 HIV-1.
Low Temperature Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Ce-Modified NiNb Catalysts (2018)

Low temperature oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts are becoming a viable material for drastically altering the production of small chain alkenes. Among materials used, bimetallic and trimetallic nickel catalysts have shown great promise. In this study, we report a 38% increase in the rate of ethylene production with the addition of Ce to NiNb catalysts. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane was performed in the temperature range of 250–350 °C. At 300 °C, the rate of ethylene production was maximized with a rate of 6.91 × 10–4 mmol gcat–1 s–1. At higher temperatures, the rate of deep oxidation to CO2 outcompeted the rate of ethylene formation. The improved rate due to the addition of Ce is attributed to ceria’s ability to rapidly transport oxygen to the NiO active sites.
Absence of linkage between 5q markers and serum IgE levels in four large atopic families (1996)

The genetic aspects of IgE regulation and its role in atopy remain controversial. The data suggest that should major genes be involved in the inheritance of atopy susceptibility, they are likely to be multiple in number and likely to involve interaction with other (exogenous) environmental exposures.
DeHyFoNet: Deformable Hybrid Network for Formula Detection in Scanned Document Images (2022)

This work presents an approach for detecting mathematical formulas in scanned document images. The proposed approach is end-to-end trainable. Since many OCR engines cannot reliably work with the formulas, it is essential to isolate them to obtain the clean text for information extraction from the document. Our proposed pipeline comprises a hybrid task cascade network with deformable convolutions and a Resnext101 backbone. Both of these modifications help in better detection. We evaluate the proposed approaches on the ICDAR-2017 POD and Marmot datasets and achieve an overall accuracy of 96% for the ICDAR-2017 POD dataset. We achieve an overall reduction of error of 13%. Furthermore, the results on Marmot datasets are improved for the isolated and embedded formulas. We achieved an accuracy of 98.78% for the isolated formula and 90.21% overall accuracy for embedded formulas. Consequently, it results in an error reduction rate of 43% for isolated and 17.9% for embedded formulas.
Regiospecific Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Lewis Acids into Soluble Polymers with Pendent Vinyl Ester Substituents (2008)

The regiospecific radical polymerization of vinyl methacrylate (VMA), a divinyl compound with two different radically polymerizable double bonds, was investigated in the presence of Lewis acids, such as SnCl4, EtnAlCl3−n, and RnAl(ODBP)3−n [R = Me, Et, i-Bu; ODBP = 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy]. The polymerization with α,α-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in the presence of aluminum-based Lewis acids gave soluble polymers, in which the methacryloyl group was selectively polymerized, while insoluble polymer gels were obtained without Lewis acids or with SnCl4. When using monoalkylaluminum bulky diphenoxides [RAl(ODBP)2], the highly regiospecific radical polymerization significantly proceeded with a high conversion (>85%) to give soluble polymers with quantitatively remaining vinyl ester pendants and a relatively high molecular weight (Mn ≥ 104). The copolymerization of VMA with methyl methacrylate in the presence of EtAl(ODBP)2 induced the simultaneous consumption of both monomers at almost the same rate to directly give soluble random pendant-functionalized copolymers with vinyl ester moieties. The NMR analysis of the mixture of VMA and EtAl(ODBP)2 showed a 1:1 complexation with a relatively high association constant (Kassn = 59.6 M−1) via the coordination of the aluminum Lewis acid to the carbonyl moiety. The ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization of VMA was also possible in the presence of EtAl(ODBP)2 and an iodide initiator to give soluble polymers with controlled molecular weights.
Serum free thiols in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study (2019)

Although R-SH concentrations were associated with a favourable disease status, it did not add to the predictive capacity for long-term complications. Based on the current data R-SH seems unsuitable as a prognostic marker in T2DM.
Automatic target recognition based on incoherent radar returns (2002)

The problem of reliable automatic target recognition (ATR) from incoherent radar returns is discussed. In the problems under consideration, feature extraction methods are divided into two basic types: (1) Feature extraction directly based on time-domain description; (2) Feature extraction based on multiple transformation technique. In this paper, we shall demonstrate the problem of feature extraction by considering two examples of ship target recognition. The main algorithms and the recognition processing are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that a high reliability of recognition can be achieved.