gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Inflammation: Systematic Review of Animal Models and Clinical Studies (2016)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used since 1997 for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. More recently, an off-label use of VNS has been explored in animal models and clinical trials for treatment of a number of conditions involving the innate immune system. The underlying premise has been the notion of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (CAP), mediated by the vagus nerves. While the macroanatomic substrate - the vagus nerve - is understood, the physiology of the pleiotropic VNS effects and the "language" of the vagus nerve, mediated brain-body communication, remain an enigma. Tackling this kind of enigma is precisely the challenge for and promise of bioelectronic medicine. We review the state of the art of this emerging field as it pertains to developing strategies for use of the endogenous CAP to treat inflammation and infection in various animal models and human clinical trials. This is a systematic PubMed review for the MeSH terms "vagus nerve stimulation AND inflammation." We report the diverse profile of currently used VNS antiinflammatory strategies in animal studies and human clinical trials. This review provides a foundation and calls for devising systematic and comparable VNS strategies in animal and human studies for treatment of inflammation. We discuss species-specific differences in the molecular genetics of cholinergic signaling as a framework to understand the divergence in VNS effects between species. Brain-mapping initiatives are needed to decode vagus-carried brain-body communication before hypothesis-driven treatment approaches can be devised.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of Berkeleyamide D and Determination of the Absolute Configuration by the Vibrational Circular Dichroism Exciton Chirality Method. (2014)

Abstract Synthetic (.+‐.)‐(I) is separated by optical resolution using chiral HPLC to (‐)‐I* and its enantiomer.
A numerical study of the use of C-V characteristics to extract the doping density of CIGS absorbers (2016)

In this work we use numerical simulations to study how the doping profile extracted by the commonly used C-V technique is influenced by the solar cell main features, as the doping and thickness of different layers, or the conduction band offsets at hero-interfaces. The doping profiles dependence on temperature is also investigated. The effect of both acceptor and donor deep defects of different energy and density on the simulated doping profile has been analyzed and correlated with experimental results, in order to give indications for the correct interpretation of measured doping profile.
Automated detection of weather fronts using a deep learning neural network (2019)

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) methods were used to develop an algorithm to automatically detect weather fronts in fields of atmospheric surface variables. An algorithm (DL-FRONT) for the automatic detection of fronts was developed by training a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN) with 5 years (2003–2007) of manually analyzed fronts and surface fields of five atmospheric variables: temperature, specific humidity, mean sea level pressure, and the two components of the wind vector. An analysis of the period 2008–2015 indicates that DL-FRONT detects nearly 90 % of the manually analyzed fronts over North America and adjacent coastal ocean areas. An analysis of fronts associated with extreme precipitation events shows that the detection rate may be substantially higher for important weather-producing fronts. Since DL-FRONT was trained on a North American dataset, its extensibility to other parts of the globe has not been tested, but the basic frontal structure of extratropical cyclones has been applied to global daily weather maps for decades. On that basis, we expect that DL-FRONT will detect most fronts, and certainly most fronts with significant weather. However, where complex terrain plays a role in frontal orientation or other characteristics, it might be less successful.
<title>New design environment for defect detection in web inspection systems</title> (1997)

One of the aims of industrial machine vision is to develop computer and electronic systems destined to replace human vision in the process of quality control of industrial production. In this paper we discuss the development of a new design environment developed for real-time defect detection using reconfigurable FPGA and DSP processor mounted inside a DALSA programmable CCD camera. The FPGA is directly connected to the video data-stream and outputs data to a low bandwidth output bus. The system is targeted for web inspection but has the potential for broader application areas. We describe and show test results of the prototype system board, mounted inside a DALSA camera and discuss some of the algorithms currently simulated and implemented for web inspection applications.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The structure of active opsin as a basis for identification of GPCR agonists by dynamic homology modelling and virtual screening assays (2011)

Most of the currently available G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) crystal structures represent an inactive receptor state, which has been considered to be suitable only for the discovery of antagonists and inverse agonists in structure-based computational ligand screening. Using the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (B2AR) as a model system, we show that a dynamic homology model based on an "active" opsin structure without further incorporation of experimental data performs better than the crystal structure of the inactive B2AR in finding agonists over antagonists/inverse agonists. Such "active-like state" dynamic homology models can therefore be used to selectively identify GPCR agonists in in silico ligand libraries.
Overlying strata movement of recovering standing pillars with solid backfilling by physical simulation (2016)

To analyze the overlying strata movement law of recovering room mining standing pillars with solid backfilling.Physical simulation experiments with sponge and wood as the simulation material were tested.The results show that:(i) The covering-rock mechanics of the overly strata comes from two-arch structures + hinged girder + bend beam to backfilling material + hinged girder + bent beam by increasing the fill ratio from 0%to 85%,the beginning of overlying strata movement appears later and the total duration of subsidence velocity increased from zero to the highest value increases.The trend of single polarization of the subsidence velocity curves becomes noticeable and the velocity variation trend becomes stable,(ii) The equiponderate aeolian sand was added to improve the anti-pressure ability of the loess,and the corresponding ground processing & transportation system was designed.
Investigation of ground-water contamination at a drainage ditch, Installation Restoration Site 4, Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, 2005–06 (2007)

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast, used newly developed sampling methods to investigate ground-water contamination by chlorobenzenes beneath a drainage ditch on the southwestern side of Installation Restoration Site 4, Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, during 2005-06. The drainage ditch, which is a potential receptor for ground-water contaminants from Installation Restoration Site 4, intermittently discharges water to Corpus Christi Bay. This report uses data from a new type of pore-water sampler developed for this investigation and other methods to examine the subsurface contamination beneath the drainage ditch. Analysis of ground water from the samplers indicated that chlorobenzenes (maximum detected concentration of 160 micrograms per liter) are present in the ground water beneath the ditch. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the samples (less than 0.05-0.4 milligram per liter) showed that the ground water beneath and near the ditch is anaerobic, indicating that substantial chlorobenzene biodegradation in the aquifer beneath the ditch is unlikely. Probable alternative mechanisms of chlorobenzene removal in the ground water beneath the drainage ditch include sorption onto the organic-rich sediment and contaminant depletion by cattails through uptake, sorption, and localized soil aeration.
Method for Optimizing Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Banding Pattern Data (2003)

The genomic DNA of 47 strains of TSST-1 toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus were cleaved with SmaI restriction endonuclease and resolved in an agarose gel by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). An algorithm was designed to standardize the band weights or brightness (trace quantity) produced to a bounded region between 0 and 1 regardless of DNA fragment size while simultaneously reducing gel-to-gel variability. The algorithm allows for classification of isolates by band intensity as well as DNA mobility without a numerical hierarchy of band intensity that is caused by ranging DNA fragment lengths. On analysis many isolates were classified as separate entities on the basis of DNA co-migration only. Isolates differing by only DNA co-migration were subjected to a second digestion with restriction enzyme SacII. These isolates were characterized similarly to the standardized trace quantity analysis of SmaI PFGE patterns. The standardization method proposed in this article permits characterization of isolates on the basis of band differences, regardless of DNA co-migration, thus increasing the discriminatory power (0.79 to 0.89) of PFGE by increasing band-associated information. An established unbiased approach to the partitioning of data were also explored.
Ultraprecise flat mirrors for the pointing unit of the DESIS instrument on board of the ISS (2019)

Mirrors with excellent mechanical, thermal and optical properties are suitable for a broad spectrum of modern optical application. A growing number of multi- and hyperspectral imaging devices such as telescopes and spectrometers are based on all-reflective metal optics. Optics with higher mechanical or dynamic loads are often made of ceramics; at higher thermal loads, they are made of glass-ceramics. The DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) is a space-based hyperspectral instrument developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR). The optical system of the spectrometer was designed, fabricated and pre-aligned by the Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF). The instrument was realized as an all-reflective system using metal-based mirrors using a modular, so-called snap-together approach. Parts of the system are flat mirrors for the pointing unit of the instrument. Two flat mirrors based on a metallic substrate material (Al 42Si) and one flat mirror based on a ceramic (HB Cesic&reg;) were realized. The cost-efficient manufacturing technology of metal mirrors has an important advantage over glass, glass-ceramic and ceramic mirrors. For the pointing mirror, a more rigid and stiff material like HB-Cesic&reg; was used. Different and tailored process chains were applied for both kinds of mirrors. The paper summarizes the fabrication of optical mirrors by i) grinding and polishing of ceramic matrix composite substrates; and ii) diamond machining combined with post-polishing techniques, like magnetorheological finishing (MRF) and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for metallic substrates. The process chains are described including testing setup and results with regard to different materials and manufacturing technologies. The mirrors show an excellent quality regarding flatness (lower 15 nm rms) and roughness (lower 1 nm rms, WLI magnification 50x).
Caractérisation des populations microbiennes dans les aliments : du phénotype aux génomes (2014)

Dclaration de conflit d'intrt: Georges Daube est fondateur, actionnaire et conseiller scientifique de la socit Quality Partner s.a., socit spin-off spcialise en contrle-qualit destination de l'agro-alimentaire et ralise de nombreuses recherches avec des socits agro-alimentairesObjectifs+de+l'expos8 Pourquoi caractriser la microflore des aliments? Comment la caractriser aujourd'hui et demain? Caractriser les populations microbiennes Caractriser les souches isoles Dtecter et typer certaines sous-populations Etudier la fonctionnalit lie la microflore Conclusions
Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes (2020)

This work demonstrates a cost-effective manufacturing method of flexible and fully printed microheaters, using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the heating element. Two different structures with different number of CNT layers have been characterized in detail. The benchmarking has been carried out in terms of maximum operating temperature, as well as nominal resistance and input power for different applied voltages. Their performances have been compared with previous reports for similar devices, fabricated with other technologies. The results have shown that the heaters presented can achieve high temperatures in a small area at lower voltages and lower input power. In particular, the fully printed heaters fabricated on a flexible substrate covering an area of 3.2 mm<sup>2</sup> and operating at 9.5 V exhibit a maximum temperature point above 70 °C with a power consumption below 200 mW. Therefore, we have demonstrated that this technology paves the way for a cost-effective large-scale fabrication of flexible microheaters aimed to be integrated in flexible sensors.
Influence of Local Tumor Control on Distant Metastases and Cancer Related Mortality After External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer (2008)

As assessed by posttreatment prostate biopsies, local control is improved with higher radiation doses. Long-term biochemical outcomes in patients with posttreatment biopsies demonstrating severe treatment effect changes were not different than those in patients with negative biopsies. We also noted that local tumor control was associated with a decrease in distant metastases and prostate cancer mortality, further highlighting the importance of achieving optimal tumor control in patients with clinically localized disease.
M.SpyI, a DNA Methyltransferase Encoded on a mefA Chimeric Element, Modifies the Genome of Streptococcus pyogenes (2007)

While screening the clonality of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from an outbreak of erythromycin-resistant pharyngitis in Pittsburgh, PA, we found a correlation between the presence of the chimeric element Phi10394.4 (carrying the macrolide efflux gene, mefA) and genomic DNA being resistant to cleavage by SmaI restriction endonuclease. A search of the open reading frames in Phi10394.4 identified a putative type II restriction-modification (R-M) cassette containing a cytosine methyltransferase gene (spyIM). Heterologous expression of the cloned spyIM gene, as well as allelic-replacement experiments, showed that the action of this methyltransferase (M.SpyI) was responsible for the inhibition of SmaI digestion of genomic DNA in the Phi10394.4-containing isolates. Analysis of the methylation patterns of streptococcal genomic DNA from spyIM-positive strains, a spyIM deletion mutant, and a spyIM-negative strain determined that M.SpyI specifically recognized and methylated the DNA sequence to generate 5'-C(m)CNGG. To our knowledge, this is the first methyltransferase gene from S. pyogenes to be cloned and to have its activity characterized. These results reveal why pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis of SmaI-digested genomic DNA cannot be used to analyze the clonality of some streptococci containing Phi10394.4 and may explain the inability of previous epidemiological studies to use SmaI to analyze DNAs from macrolide-resistant streptococci. The presence of the SpyI R-M cassette in Phi10394.4 could impart a selective advantage to host strain survival and may provide another explanation for the observed increase in macrolide-resistant streptococci.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF STRESS CRACKING IN HDPE GEOMEMBRANE. DURABILITY AND AGING OF GEOSYNTHETICS. PAPERS PRESENTED AT A SEMINAR HELD AT THE GEOSYNTHETIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE, DREXEL UNIVERSITY, PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER 8-9 1988 (1989)

This article describes work which evaluates the sensitivity of high density polyethylene (hdpe) geomembrane sheets and seams to stress cracking. The densities of the geomembranes tested varied from 0.93 to 0.95 g per cubic centimetre and the thicknesses were 0.75 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm. Fillet, extrusion, flat extrusion, hot wedge, hot air and ultrasonic seams were tested. The ASTM test method d-2552 was used, modified so that the dimensions of the test specimens were made long enough to accommodate the full width of the seams. Cracking propagation was examined under a light microscope, and fracture surface morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The test results showed that the geomembrane sheets can resist stress cracking much better than the seams. 38% of the seamed specimens showed cracking, whereas only 1% of the sheet specimens cracked. Fractographic studies indicated that the fracture morphology of the surfaces was a function of the applied stress level. Five types of morphology were identified: short fibrous, long fibrous, flake, hackle and lamellar. For the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 824467.
An ID-based cryptographic technique for IFF (2002)

A new IFF (identification, friend or foe) scheme is proposed for the Air Defense System. This scheme is based on the modern cryptographic technique, the difficulty of computing a discrete logarithm over a finite field GF(p) with p a prime number. The proposed scheme can be easily implemented and can provide the Air Defense System with a means to achieve aircraft authentication and access control simultaneously without exchanges of coded secret messages through encrypted communications links. The integrity of the air defense protection mechanism can also be enhanced significantly by employing a challenge-response type interrogation protocol.
Communication in the autonomous and decentralized robot system ACTRESS (2002)

The new concept for an advanced robot system, ACTRESS (ACTor-based robots and equipments synthetic system), has been designed for the automation of high level tasks. The system assumes that multiple robots and equipments, which are called robotors in general, work independently or cooperatively by communicating each other, depending on the task requirements. The paper discusses the distributed robot system architecture. The basic design of protocol is shown for the communication between robotors in order to achieve various tasks. The message protocol is extended and the concept of negotiation is introduced as the framework for the cooperative work of the task allocation problem. The message protocol has been applied to object-pushing problem as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 230: Comparing Manual and Mechanical Chest Compression Quality Parameters in 30:2 Mode with Use of a Novel Approach (2011)

This study aimed at analyzing the possibility of evaluating the logistic differences between manual chest compressions (M-CC) and mechanical chest compressions (LUCAS TM 2, (L-CC)) performed by 17 paramedics. CPR in 30:2 was performed with both techniques on a modified Leardal manikin. The modification consisted of two cords placed at a depth of 4.5 cm inside the manikin. These cords were connected to the electrodes on the manikin and then connected to the defibrillation leads of a Life-Pack 12 defibrillator enabling registration of impedance measurements in CODE-STAT. Thus only compressions reaching the set depth (4.5 cm) were recorded as a correct compression. Two scenarios were tested with both M-CC and L-CC; the first was a stationary scenario of 10 min CPR on the floor, the second scenario explored CPR during; two min on the floor, 2 min on the stretcher and during 2 min in the ambulance. Parameters compared were number and length of pauses, frequency and chest compression ratio (correct chest compressions alone in % of time). The first scenario revealed, significant differences regarding pauses that occurred significant more often 32 (26-33) compared to 29 (28-29) (Median (Min-Max)) and lasted longer time (s): 129 (105-155) compared to 110 (104-122) for the M-CC group compared to the L-CC group resulting in a chest compressions ratio, lower in the M-CC group: 79 % (65-87%) compared to L-CC group: 84% (33-89%). This result was due to a significant higher frequency of chest compression in the M-CC group 116 (92-133) compared to 99 (98-110). In the two minutes scenario on the floor no significant differences were found, except regarding frequency, but in the M-CC group significantly fewer chest compressions reached 4.5 cm on the stretcher and due to loading in the ambulance. In conclusion: With only small changes done to a manikin we were able to mimic impedance measurements, including depth, using CODE-STAT. An increased frequency during 30:2 CPR also increases the number of pauses and L-CC gives stricter and fewer pauses during CPR in 30:2 resulting better chest compression ratio.
SILICONE GRANULOMA IN ACRAL SKIN IN A PATIENT WITH SILICONE‐GEL BREAST IMPLANTS AND SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (1996)

A 68-year-old white woman was referred to us by her rheumatologist for possible participation in a clinical study of photopheresis for scleroderma. In February 1993, she noticed edema of her distal phalanges, Raynaud's phenomenon in both hands, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain, tearing in both eyes, dyspnea on exertion, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Bilateral silicone-gel breast implants had been placed 12 years before; 2 months before her present evaluation, they were removed and found to be ruptured. Physical examination revealed edema, limited to the fingers and hands bilaterally, and slight induration of the skin on the dorsum of both hands and distal forearms. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. According to our study protocol, a skin biopsy specimen from the dorsum of the right hand was taken, but all other laboratory investigations were refused. Histopathologic examination revealed multiple clear spaces of varying sizes in the dermis and multinucleated macrophages containing small refractile particles, characteristic of silicone granuloma (Figs. 1 and 2); however, the specimen showed no evidence of scleroderma. X-ray energy dispersive analysis by scanning electron-microscopy confirmed the presence of elemental silicon in the small refractile particles. The patient did not receive any treatment after her diagnosis and shortly thereafter, she was lost to follow-up.
Metabolic differences between genetically lean and fat chickens are partly attributed to the alteration of insulin signaling in liver (1999)

International audience
Implicit Bias: Scientific Foundations (2006)

The assumption that human behavior is largely under conscious control has taken a theoretical battering in recent years.Although this assault in some ways resembles the previous century's Freudian revolution, there are important differences between the two.Freud's views of unconscious mechanisms were embedded in a theory that never achieved conclusive support among scientists, despite many empirical theory-testing efforts in the middle third of the twentieth century.'Consequently, most psychologists have abandoned Freud's psychoanalytic theory of unconscious mental processes.Theoretical conceptions of conscious control over human behavior were strongly re-established in the last third of the twentieth century, but the dominance of such views has been crumbling during the past two decades.Unlike the Freudian revolution, however, the new science of