gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infection Surveillance Protocol for a Multicountry Population-based Study in South Asia to Determine the Incidence, Etiology and Risk Factors for Infections Among Young Infants of 0 to 59 Days Old (2016)

ANISA is one of the largest initiatives ever undertaken to understand the etiology of young infant infection in low-income countries. The data generated from this surveillance will help guide evidence-based decision making to improve health care in similar settings.
Clinical Outcomes Following Revision Anterior Shoulder Stabilization (2015)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes following revision anterior shoulder stabilization performed either via all-arthroscopic soft tissue repair or via Latarjet coracoid transfer. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 91 shoulders undergoing revision anterior shoulder stabilization was performed. All patients underwent prior soft tissue stabilization; those with prior open bone grafting procedures were excluded. For patients with 25% glenoid bone loss, Latarjet was performed (n=28). Patients were queried regarding recurrent instability (subluxation or dislocation). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using validated patient reported outcome questionnaires including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Results: A total of 63 shoulders in 62 patients (46 males, 16 females) with an average age of 23.2 ± 6.9 years were included in the revision arthroscopy group. At an average follow-up of 46.9 ± 16.8 months (range, 15 to 78), the mean WOSI score was 80.1 (range, 15.0 to 100), and there were significant improvements (p&lt;0.001) in ASES (63.7 to 85.1), SST (6.2 to 9.1), and VAS pain scores (2.89 to 0.81). Recurrent instability occurred in 12 of 63 shoulders (19%); the number of prior surgeries and baseline hyperlaxity were significant risk factors for failure (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.04, respectively). No patients developed clinical or radiographic evidence of arthritis. A total of 28 shoulders in 28 patients (21 male, 7 female) with an average age of 27.5 years (range 14 to 45) were included in the Latarjet group. Thirteen (46%) had more than one previous stabilization attempt. ), the average WOSI score was 71.9, and there were significant improvements (p&lt;0.001) in ASES (65.7 to 87.0), SST (7.2 to 10.3), and VAS (3.1 to 1.1). Recurrent instability occurred in 2 of 28 shoulders (7%), including 1 patient with symptomatic subluxation and 1 patient with a recurrent dislocation resulting in rapid arthrosis requiring revision to hemiarthroplasty at 20 months after Latarjet. Conclusion: Both arthroscopic revision stabilization and Latarjet coracoid transfer result in satisfactory outcomes in patients who have failed previous arthroscopic capsulolabral repair. Recurrent instability rates were higher in the all-arthroscopic group (19% versus 7%). Longer-term studies are required to determine whether similar results are maintained over time, and to provide guidance on focused clinical indications for this challenging patient population.
Studies of Collectors. XIII. The Selective Flotation of Cesium Ion with Resorcinol-Type Calix[4]arenes with Alkyl Side Chains (1993)

Abstract The resorcinol-type calix[4]arenes with alkyl side chains, [4]Ar-Rn, were prepared and then investigated as flotation collectors of Cs+. Alkali metal ions (Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) were extracted in the pH range of 9.5—12.5 with [4]Ar-Rn. Moreover, the surface-active [4]Ar-Rn had competence to float Cs+ as a complex in a foam film (adsorbates) when short-chain [4]Ar-Rn (n = 4—8) were used for foam fractionation, and as scum when long-chain [4]Ar-Rn (n = 8—16) were used for ion flotation. The Cs+ was floated selectively with [4]Ar-Rn from a mixture of Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, due to the strong binding to Cs+.
The association of human papillomavirus 16/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women. (2001)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Taiwanese women since 1982. High lung cancer mortality ratio of male:female in Taiwan (2:1) was observed, although less than 10% of female lung cancer patients are smokers. Until now, the etiological factor remains unknown. We hypothesize that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 may be associated with lung cancer development based on high prevalence of p53 negative immunostainings in female lung tumors compared with that of male lung tumors. In this study, 141 lung cancer patients and 60 noncancer control subjects were enrolled to examine whether HPV 16/18 DNA existed in lung tumor and normal tissues by nested PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH), respectively. The concordant detection of HPV 16 and 18 DNA between nested PCR and ISH method was 73 and 85.5%, respectively. Our data showed that 77 (54.6%) of 141 lung tumors had HPV 16/18 DNA compared with 16 (26.7%; P = 0.0005) of 60 noncancer control subjects. In addition, ISH data showed that HPV 16/18 DNA was uniformly located in lung tumor cells, but not in the adjacent nontumor cells. When study subjects were stratified by gender, age, and smoking status, nonsmoking female lung cancer patients who were older than 60 years old had significantly high prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection. The odds ratio of HPV 16/18 infection of nonsmoking female lung cancer patients is much higher at 10.12 (95% confidence interval, 3.88-26.38) compared with 1.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-4.76) of nonsmoking male lung cancer patients. This result strongly suggests that HPV infection is associated with lung cancer development of nonsmoking female lung cancer patients. The high prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection may explain to a certain extent why Taiwanese women nonsmokers had a higher lung cancer mortality rate.
Thermodynamics of polycarboxylate aqueous solutions. I. Dilatometry and calorimetry of protonation and copper(II) binding (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of polycarboxylate aqueous solutions. I. Dilatometry and calorimetry of protonation and copper(II) bindingV. Crescenzi, F. Delben, S. Paoletti, and J. SkerjancCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 6, 607–611Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100599a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100599a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Liquids identification with x-ray diffraction (2007)

A novel identification technique suited to security screening of liquid and amorphous substances with x-ray diffraction (XRD) is presented. The starting point is to fit the high momentum region (independent atom regime) of the XRD profile with a free-atom scatter function corresponding most closely to the effective atomic number of the sample. The Percus-Yevick formulation of the molecular interference function for hard-sphere liquids then enables features to be extracted from liquid/amorphous XRD profiles. These features correspond to such molecular structure parameters as effective particle radius, packing fraction, effective atomic number, particle homogeneity and inter-particle potential. Amorphous substances may thus be classified into functional groups such as oxidisers and fuels. These considerations are illustrated with synchrotron XRD measurements of acetone and hydrogen peroxide, implicated in the London "transatlantic aircraft plot" of 2006 and representative of hazardous liquid fuel and oxidizer combinations.
Application of jackknife procedures to inter-experiment comparisons of parameter estimates for the Michaelis-Menten equation (1981)

The jackknife procedure is introduced as a means of making comparisons among Michaelis-Menten parameter estimates for six different experimental conditions. In addition to providing a solution to the general inter-experimental comparison problem, the jackknife procedure will provide valid parameter estimates even when some of the assumptions usually required for statistical analysis are violated, e.g., the random errors are not normally distributed and the variances are not homogeneous. Other recent variations of the jackknife have also been introduced and briefly investigated: (i) the linear jackknife, which is more efficient computationally, and (ii) the weighted jackknife, which reduces the influence of design points (substrate concentrations) that have an excessive influence on the precision of parameter estimates.
A brief review of immunomodulation caused by acute administration of ethanol: involvement of neuroendocrine pathways. (1994)

Administration of EtOH to B6C3F1 mice by gavage produces blood EtOH levels, behavioral changes, and endocrine changes similar to those that have been reported in human binge drinkers. In the mouse model, EtOH causes thymic atrophy by a mechanism that seems to be predominantly glucocorticoid-dependent, although a synergistic role for other neuroendocrine mediators has not been ruled out. In contrast, the decreased numbers and activity of splenic NK cells in EtOH-treated mice does not seem to be caused by glucocorticoids, unless they act through type I glucocorticoid receptors (which are not antagonized by RU 486). Endogenous opioids also do not seem to be involved in this decrease in NK cell activity. A mechanism originating in the central nervous system is implicated by the observation that decreased NK cell activity can be prevented by the inverse agonist of the GABAA receptor, Ro15-4513. The neuroendocrine pathways leading to effects on NK cells, the proximate mediator(s) of these effects, and the biochemical changes in the NK cells that produce the effects are unknown.
S0507 SIBO Diagnosis: Clinical Survey of Practice Patterns, Unmet Needs, and Perception of a Novel Ingestible Diagnostic Capsule (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has clinical overlap with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is diagnosed either by endoscopic small bowel aspiration (SBA) with quantitative bacterial culture or hydrogen breath testing (BT). SBA is invasive and lacks standardization and BT has questionable accuracy and unreliable performance. METHODS: Qualitative phone interviews with 7 GIs/3 IBS experts explored unmet needs in SIBO diagnosis and gathered feedback on a novel smart capsule bacterial detection system (SCBDS)—an ingestible capsule with an integrated assay for wirelessly determining small intestinal total bacterial count based on an FDA-approved threshold of ≥105 CFU/ml. A quantitative online survey of 28 academic and 62 community GIs assessed practice patterns and preferred clinical characteristics of SCBDS. RESULTS: GIs saw 77 IBS and 22 SIBO patients on average per month. Suspected SIBO patients (36%) were formally diagnosed by BT with academic GIs placing a greater importance on a formal diagnosis rather than empiric antibiotic therapy. 10% of practices performed SBA for SIBO diagnosis (Figure 1). SIBO diagnosis was evaluated by BT in 47% of patients with only a fraction of GIs giving high ratings for BT accuracy. Empiric antibiotic therapy was performed in ∼50% of suspected SIBO patients across both settings, but 91% were at least somewhat concerned with this practice and 60% were unsatisfied with all current diagnostic options (Figure 2). Insufficient accuracy was the most frequently selected diagnostic unmet need, with 58% of GIs selecting it as one of the greatest unmet needs, followed by difficulty in interpreting results (48%) (Figure 3). Over 70% of GIs indicated that SCBDS would be more accurate than BT and would recommend it to almost two-thirds of patients evaluated for SIBO and to one-third for IBS. Two-thirds of GIs also anticipated using SCBDS first over empiric antibiotic therapy alone. In addition, 59% of BT users and 66% performing SBA would replace these methods with SCBDS. CONCLUSION: GIs in both community and academic settings expressed a significant unmet need in SIBO diagnosis driven by BT performance limitations, and only a small minority of GIs were performing SBA to diagnose SIBO. A perceived strength of an FDA-approved SCBDS would be improved accuracy, interpretation and precision as compared to BT, with the majority of GIs suggesting they would replace conventional SIBO diagnostics with such a technology.Figure 1.: Patient workup for suspected of SIBO vs IBS.Figure 2.: Gastroenterologists satisfaction with currently available options to diagnose SIBO.Figure 3.: Gastroenterologists current perception of unmet medical need for diagnosing SIBO.
Circular Hall Transducer for Angular Position Sensing (2007)

We developed a new integrated magnetic sensor based on the Hall effect, suitable for contactless 360deg absolute angle encoding. The sensing device consists of a narrow n-well ring with a chain of 64 contacts equally distributed along the ring. It is connected to on-chip biasing and signal conditioning circuits that provides the magnitude and the phase of the in-plane component of the magnetic field. In a homogenous magnetic field, the transducer angular resolution is 0.01deg in the 1 kHz frequency bandwidth and the absolute accuracy is about 1deg and 0.1deg without and with output offset calibration, respectively.
Complications after benign hysterectomy, according to procedure: a population‐based prospective cohort study from the Danish hysterectomy database, 2004–2015 (2020)

Laparoscopic hysterectomy has fewer major complications compared with vaginal hysterectomy, in the absence of uterine prolapse.
An Investigation of Particulate Morphology, Microstructures, and Fractal Geometry for ael Diesel Engine-Simulating Combustor (2004)

The particulate matter (PM) produced from a diesel engine-simulating combustor was characterized in its morphology, microstructure, and fractal geometry by using a unique thermophoretic sampling and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) system. These results revealed that diesel PM produced from the laboratory-scale burner showed Similar morphological characteristics to the particulates produced from diesel engines. The flame air/fuel ratio and the particulate temperature history have significant influences on both particle size and fractal geometry. The primary particle sizes were measured to be 14.7 nm and 14.8 nm under stoichiometric and fuel-rich flame conditions, respectively. These primary particle sizes are smaller than those produced from diesel engines. The radii of gyration for the aggregate particles were 83.8 nm and 47.5 nm under these two flame conditions. These results were compared with particulate mobility diameters measured by using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Fractal dimensions were also measured to standardize the geometry of the particulates collected from both diesel engines and the combustor. The result for combustor soot showed that the fractal geometry of particulates formed at a stoichiometric condition resembles that of heavy-duty diesel particulates and the fractal geometry of particulates at a fuel-rich condition that of light-duty diesel particulates.
Structural phase transition andTcdistribution in Hf-doped LaMnO3investigated using perturbed-angular-correlation spectroscopy (1996)

Using perturbed-angular-correlation (PAC) spectroscopy, via the $^{181}\mathrm{Hf}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ probe, we have measured Mn-site electric-field gradients (EFG's) at Ta nuclei in ceramic samples of LaMn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Two crystallographic phases coexist over a temperature interval of \ensuremath{\approx} 16 K near the orthorhombic-to-rhombohedral transition at \ensuremath{\approx} 724 K, which shows a thermal hysteresis of \ensuremath{\approx} 1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 K. Concurrently, in the two phases, we determined the temperature dependence of the EFG parameters, ${V}_{\mathrm{zz}}$, $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and the ratio of the probe concentrations $\frac{{A}_{1}}{{A}_{2}}$. To explain the apparent coexistence of two phases in this weakly first-order transition, we present a model that assumes a spatial distribution of ${T}_{c}$ values. This distribution could arise from a spatially nonuniform distribution of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ ions. We show the PAC technique to be a uniquely powerful probe of local symmetries that reflect the effects of a local distribution of valences, which drive the phase transition.
Release of protein by erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium knowlesi during cultivation in vitro. (1977)

Erythrocytes infected with schizonts of P. knowlesi and labelled in vitro with (3)H-isoleucine were shown to release radioactivity when placed in unlabelled culture medium containing uninfected erythrocytes. Release of radiolabel probably occurred during schizont rupture and invasion of new erythrocytes and was not observed to any great extent at earlier stages in the erythrocytic life cycle. Approximately 55% of the released radioactivity was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid, the remainder being acid insoluble and therefore presumably protein in nature. Particulate or aggregated material appeared to comprise 40-50% of the acid-insoluble radiolabelled fraction. Two major labelled polypeptide species were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of samples of concentrated culture medium. These proteins had apparent molecular weights of 45 000 and 49 000, which correspond closely with the sizes of two main protein species previously identified in P. knowlesi-infected cells.
Pharmacological management of Cushing's syndrome: an update (2007)

The treatment of choice for Cushing's syndrome remains surgical. The role for medical therapy is twofold. Firstly it is used to control hypercortisolaemia prior to surgery to optimize patient's preoperative state and secondly, it is used where surgery has failed and radiotherapy has not taken effect. The main drugs used inhibit steroidogenesis and include metyrapone, ketoconazole, and mitotane. Drugs targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis have been investigated but their roles in clinical practice remain limited although PPAR-gamma agonist and somatostatin analogue som-230 (pasireotide) need further investigation. The only drug acting at the periphery targeting the glucocorticoid receptor remains Mifepristone (RU486). The management of Cushing syndrome may well involve combination therapy acting at different pathways of hypercortisolaemia but monitoring of therapy will remain a challenge.
Modeling and decomposition of HRV signals with wavelet transforms (1997)

The authors use a wavelet transform to build a simulated model of an HRV signal and to create an algorithm for HRV signal decomposition. They review the characteristics of HRV signals and discuss an improved integral pulse frequency modulation model for the simulation of these signals. They also present results that show how their model approximates a real HRV signal.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Rungia congoensis, a traditional vegetable consumed by Yombe people from Kongo Central area (DR. Congo) (2018)

<i>Rungia congoensis</i>, a traditional vegetable from Kongo Central area (DR. Congo) was studied for establishing microscopic characters and characterised by chromatographic techniques and their <i>in vitro</i> biochemical activities against ROS production were evaluated in cellular models and on an enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), involved in inflammation. Microscopically leaf can be characterised by non-glandular and glandular trichomes, sinuous anticlinal epidermal cells, diacytic stomata and helical vessels. Methanolic extract displayed high cellular antioxidant activity at the concentrations range of 0.1-10 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 1-20 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> using lucigenin on neutrophils and DCFH-DA on HL 60, respectively. This extract also showed, more efficient effects on extracellular and intracellular ROS production and MPO activity. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>R. congoensis</i> were significantly higher, positively correlated with their phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, iridoids and phenolic acids; and could justify their use as traditional vegetable and potent local nutraceutical resource.
Setor Serviços: Expectativa de expansão (1996)

As perspectivas regionais sao amplamente expansionistas no Centro-Oeste (saldo de 36%) e no sudeste (35%), induzidas, em ambas as regioes, por crescimento estacional do consumo e inicio de comercializacao da safra agricola.
Robust Loss Functions for Boosting (2007)

Boosting is known as a gradient descent algorithm over loss functions. It is often pointed out that the typical boosting algorithm, Adaboost, is highly affected by outliers. In this letter, loss functions for robust boosting are studied. Based on the concept of robust statistics, we propose a transformation of loss functions that makes boosting algorithms robust against extreme outliers. Next, the truncation of loss functions is applied to contamination models that describe the occurrence of mislabels near decision boundaries. Numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed loss functions derived from the contamination models are useful for handling highly noisy data in comparison with other loss functions.
How to nutritional support for pediatric liver failure (2017)

Malnutrition occurs as a result of inadequate nutrient intake, malabsorption and altered metabolism in pediatric liver failure.Malnutrition may be associated with a poor outcome.The current evidence indicates that the provision of adjunctive nutritional support (parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition or nutritional supplements) to patients with a variety of liver diseases.It may be reasonable to start enteral nutrition in 5 to 7 days in acute liver failure or hepatic coma.According to individualized appropriate nutritional evaluation, the metabolic demand, to provide appropriate nutritional support in pediatric liver failure.


Key words: 
Liver failure; Malnutrition; Nutritional support; Children