gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prescribed fire, soils, and stream water chemistry in a watershed in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California (2004)

Before Euro-American settlement fire was a common process in the forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The combination of drought, fire suppression, and past harvesting has produced ecosystems that are susceptible to high-severity wildfires. Consequently, a program of prescribed fire has been recommended but there is incomplete understanding of the ecological effects of fuels treatments, especially with regard to how treatments will affect the flow of nutrients to Lake Tahoe. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrients affecting algal growth, and thus lake clarity. Existing data demonstrate a long-term shift from a co-limitation by both nitrogen and phosphorus to phosphorus limitation. Two high-consumption, moderate-intensity prescribed fires were conducted to determine their effects on soil and stream water chemistry. Stream water calcium concentrations increased in burned watersheds whereas soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were not significantly different. Prescribed fires released calcium and raised soil pH and this may have resulted in the incorporation of phosphorus into insoluble forms. Stream monitoring data indicates water quality effects last for ~3 months. Prescribed fires did not significantly increase the amount of soluble reactive phosphorus in stream waters. However, additional research is needed to determine if prescribed fire increases erosion or movement of particulate P, particularly in areas with steep slopes.
Effects of cyanide and dinitrophenol on membrane properties of single nerve fibers (1959)

Exposure of frog single nerve fibers to cyanide or to dinitrophenol results in a decline in spike height without change in either the resting membrane potential or in the maximal limiting response obtained during strong hyperpolarization. Effects of cyanide are completely reversible; those of dinitrophenol, only partially so. These data are taken to indicate that cyanide depresses the steady state level of the sodium conductance h factor before it produces any appreciable change in either the sodium or potassium equilibrium potentials as a result of interference with the metabolically linked sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. Strong hyperpolarization is effective in overcoming this ‘sodium inactivation’ in the depressed fiber so that the membrane potential approaches a normal sodium equilibrium potential at peak of activity.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Dorsal Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons: Distinctive Sufficiency for Hippocampus-Dependent and Amygdala-Dependent Synaptic and Behavioral Functions (2013)

A major goal in current neuroscience is to understand the causal links connecting protein functions, neural activity, and behavior. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in different neuronal subpopulations, and is engaged in fine-tuning excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Studies using conditional knock-out mice revealed necessary roles of CB1 receptor expressed in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons in synaptic plasticity and behavior, but whether this expression is also sufficient for brain functions is still to be determined. We applied a genetic strategy to reconstitute full wild-type CB1 receptor functions exclusively in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons and investigated endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic processes and behavior. Using this approach, we partly restored the phenotype of global CB1 receptor deletion in anxiety-like behaviors and fully restored hippocampus-dependent neuroprotection from chemically induced epileptiform seizures. These features coincided with a rescued hippocampal depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE), a CB1 receptor-dependent form of synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic neurons. By comparison, the rescue of the CB1 receptor on dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons prolonged the time course of DSE in the amygdala, and impaired fear extinction in auditory fear conditioning. These data reveal that CB1 receptor in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons plays a sufficient role to control neuronal functions that are in large part hippocampus-dependent, while it is insufficient for proper amygdala functions, suggesting an unexpectedly complex circuit regulation by endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala. Our data pave the way to a better understanding of neuronal networks in the context of behavior, by fine-tuned interference with synaptic transmission processes.
Ideal Gas Reference for Association and Dissociation Reactions: II. Kinetic Reference Potentials and Concentration Bias in Electrolysis (2021)

The ideal gas reference for association and dissociation reactions, developed in the first part of this series, is applied to electrochemical reactions. We obtain an ideal Nernst equation that quantifies the unspecific voltage contribution arising from an imbalance between the reactant and product concentrations of an electrochemical reaction for the given conditions. Subtracting this concentration bias from the equilibrium voltage/potential, we define the "kinetic reference voltage/potential" where the reactant and product states are "aligned" within the potential energy landscape of the system. The kinetic reference voltage/potential is a fundamental descriptor for a given electrochemical reaction, providing an intrinsic reference point which is most relevant in cases where the (standard) equilibrium voltage/potential is biased by large concentration differences between the reactant and product side. This is most dramatic for the case of water electrolysis, where the gaseous H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; product concentrations are several orders of magnitude smaller than the liquid water reactant concentration. The respective equilibrium voltage is strongly biased by the low H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, although the latter do not directly influence the forward water splitting rate. The unbiased kinetic reference voltage agrees remarkably well with the experimentally observed onset of macroscopic water splitting rates. We further extend our analysis to the kinetic reference potentials of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and lattice oxygen evolution reaction (LOER), providing an unconventional perspective on pH-dependent overpotentials, anticipated electrocatalysis improvements, and kinetic stabilization of electrocatalyst materials.
Secure care and treatment needs of mentally disordered adolescents (2004)

A survey was undertaken to determine the number of young people needing secure psychiatric inpatient care as at 1st January 2001. Twenty‐three individuals were identified who were placed in a variety of settings. However, few of the placements could be considered ideal. There was a wide range of diagnoses, and most young people had additional problems of social and education deficits and offending behaviour.Specialist resources need to be made available to local secure and residential facilities to reduce the need for secure placements. However, there may be a case for developing a regional secure service although, given the wide range of needs presented, it is unlikely that a single secure resource could meet them all.
Effect of Repeated Whole Blood Donations on Serum Immunoreactive Erythropoietin Levels in Autologous Donors (1988)

The effect of repeated phlebotomy on serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels was studied prospectively in 69 autologous blood donors. At the time of the initial phlebotomy, 11 men (33%) and two women (6%) were anemic; during the course of blood donations, anemia (defined as a hematocrit less than 0.41 for men and less than 0.36 for women) developed in an additional 17 men (71%) and 14 women (45%). Although there was an increase in the level of serum immunoreactive erythropoietin with successive phlebotomies, the increase was not substantially out of the normal range. The lack of an erythropoietic response to repeated phlebotomies in association with the small increment in the serum erythropoietin level was not due to iron deficiency, since the level of red-cell free protoporphyrin did not increase in these patients. We conclude that within the hematocrit range permissible for autologous blood donation, the degree of anemia experienced is insufficient to initiate an adequate increase in erythropoietin production; as a consequence, mild anemia develops in a majority of donors, and the volume of blood donated is inadequate to meet their operative needs.
Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth Characteristics, Pigments Content, and Antioxidant Capacity in Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Basil, and Sweet Pepper in a Controlled Environment (2019)

The aim of this study was to investigate the different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light emitting diode (LEDs') lighting effects on growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and pepper in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was equipped with R and B light percentages based on total light intensity: 83% R + 17% B; 91% R + 9% B; 95% R + 5% B; and control was 100% R. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photoperiod, temperature, and relative humidity of the growth chamber were maintained at 200 ± 5 μmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, 16 h, 25/21 ± 2.5 °C, and 65 ± 5%, respectively. It is observed that the plant height of lettuce, kale, and pepper was significantly increased under 100% R light, whereas the plant height of spinach and basil did not show any significant difference. The total leaf number of basil and pepper was significantly increased under the treatment of 95% R + 5% B light, while no significant difference was observed for other plant species in the same treatment. Overall, the fresh and dry mass of the studied plants was increased under 91% R + 9% B and 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The significantly higher flower and fruit numbers of pepper were observed under the 95% R + 5% B treatment. The chlorophyll <i>a</i>, chlorophyll <i>b</i>, and total chlorophyll content of lettuce, spinach, basil, and pepper was significantly increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment while the chlorophyll content of kale was increased under the 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The total carotenoid content of lettuce and spinach was higher in the 91% R + 9% B treatment whereas the carotenoid content of kale, basil, and pepper was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment. The antioxidant capacity of the lettuce, spinach, and kale was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment while basil and pepper were increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment. This result indicates that the addition of B light is essential with R light to enhance growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of the vegetable plant in a controlled environment. Moreover, the percentage of B with R light is plant species dependent.
Study on genesis of the concealed Cu-rich ore body in the Jinchuan Cu-Ni deposit and its prospecting in depth (2009)

The Jinchuan deposit is hosted by the olivine-rich ultramafic rock-body, which is the third-largest being exploited magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposit in the world. After it has been exploited for about fifty years, the problem that seeking new relaying resources in its deep and border becomes more and more important. The characteristics of ore body, ore and geochemistry of concealed Cu-rich ore body are researched. Through spatially analyzing and comparing with neighboring Ill main ore body, the mineralization-rule of concealed Cu-rich ore body is summed up. Meanwhile, it is implied that there may exist a Cu-rich magma between Ni-rich magma and ore-pulp during liquation-differentiation in deep stage-chambers, which derives from deep mantle high-MgO basalts magma. It is concluded that the ore body has the feature of both magmatic liquation and late reconstruction action; it has experienced three stages: first, deep-liquation and pulsatory-injection of the Cu- and PPGE-rich magma; second, concentration of tectonic activation; third, the later magma hydrothermal alteration. In addition, the data of Pb isotope shows the forming age of 16 Concealed Cu-rich ore body is about 800Ma, which is earlier than that of massive Ni-rich ore bodies; the Pb and S isotope indicate the magma of 16 Concealed Cu-rich ore body originates predominantly from mantle, however it is interfused by minute crust material. Finally, it is inferred that the genesis of Cu-Ni sulfide deposit is complex, and the prospect of seeking new deep ore bodies in deep and border of Jinchuan Deposit is promising, especially seeking Cu-rich ore bodies; the F6 fault may be the emplacing conduit of 16 Concealed magma, and one of the emplacing conduits of III magma.
Discontinuation Rate of Newly Prescribed Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease Patients in Asia (2021)

In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.
Widely tunable SOA-integrated DBR laser with combination of sampled-grating and superstructure grating (2005)

A 30 nm tunable laser diode utilizing front SG-DBR and rear SSG-DBR was demonstrated for the first time. High output power over 45 mW as well as good wavelength control was achieved with SMSR greater than 40 dB.
Analyzing software measurement data with clustering techniques (2004)

For software quality estimation, software development practitioners typically construct quality-classification or fault prediction models using software metrics and fault data from a previous system release or a similar software project. Engineers then use these models to predict the fault proneness of software modules in development. Software quality estimation using supervised-learning approaches is difficult without software fault measurement data from similar projects or earlier system releases. Cluster analysis with expert input is a viable unsupervised-learning solution for predicting software modules' fault proneness and potential noisy modules. Data analysts and software engineering experts can collaborate more closely to construct and collect more informative software metrics.
Micrometer- and Nanometer-Sized Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes (1995)

A method for the fabrication of micrometer-and submicrometer-sized polymeric light-emitting diodes is presented. Such diodes have a variety of applications. Light sources of dimensions around 100 nanometers are required for subwavelength, near-field optical microscopy. Another possible application is patterning on the micrometer and nanometer scale. The diodes have been made in the form of a sandwich structure, with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) polymerized in the pores of commercially available microfiltration membranes defining the hole-injecting contacts, poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)-2,2;-bithiophene] as the light-emitting layer, and a thin film of calcium-aluminum as the electron injector.
Evaluation of the injuries caused by Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) (Euphorbiaceae) (2020)

The Jatropha curcas species is a perennial plant and easy to manage, being cultivated in many countries because of its high content in oil and the lowest cost of production. This study had as objective to evaluate the injuries caused by the Pachycoris torridus in J. curcas seedlings. Thirty-four days after the planting, 30 J. curcas seedlings were covered with screens and submitted to herbivory of five bugs of the same sex. Morphological and physiological evaluations were conducted 65 days after planting. Seventy-three days after planting, 24 seedlings were submitted to herbivory, using the same methodology as the previous experiment with a quantitative differential of 10 bugs and a batch of 6 plants without insects (control). Evaluations were done 104 days after planting. Male adults (n = 5) of the P. torridus species caused a reduction in the growth and biomass increase in J. curcas seedlings 34 days after planting. After 30 days of herbivores, however the same injuries were not observed in seedlings with 73 days after planting. The injuries (34 days after planting) were considered mild and there was a decrease in the growth and in the biomass accumulation. Upon reaching 73 days after planting, the seedlings became more resistant to the attack of this pest, in such a way that as submitting them to twice the number of insects (n = 10), they did not negatively responded to the herbivory. Finally, the young seedlings were more susceptible to attack, even with low levels of infestation. The pest control should be done when there are signs of infestation at this stage.
NOTARIADO Y JURISDICCIÓN VOLUNTARIA (2007)

O presente trabalho analisa a reforma que vem sendo realizada na Espanha sobre a jurisdicao voluntaria e o papel que os cartorios de registros cumprem nela. Nesse sentido, sao desenvolvidos temas como: perspectiva historica, regulacao vigente, propostas para o futuro e Direito comparado, sobre o mencionado assunto.
Robot-assisted and laparoscopic partial splenectomy for nonparasitic cysts (2015)

21 patients with nonparasitic spleen cysts were operated. Robot-assisted (RA) interventions were applied in 10 cases, laparoscopic--in 11 patients. Men surgery duration was 124 minutes in case of RA-technique and 120 minutes if laparoscopy was used. Blood loss was significantly lower in the group of RA resection (p=0.035). There were no conversions of access in the group of RA-operations while in group of laparoscopy conversion has been required in 1 case. We did not observe complications in case of RA-surgeries. Laparoscopic method was associated with 2 complications (left-sided hydrothorax and fluid accumulation in resection area). Postoperative hospital-stay did not differ in both groups and was 7.1 and 6.4 room-nights in case of RA-interventions and laparoscopy respectively. There were no deaths. Indications for robot-assisted partial splenectomy for nonparasitic cysts include location of mass in upper pole or hilus of spleen, its diameter more than 8 cm, body mass index more than 30 and splenomegaly. Lower pole resection and splenectomy are more advisable using laparoscopic method.
Acetonitrile Adsorption on Polycrystalline Platinum:  An In Situ Investigation Using Sum Frequency Spectroscopy (2007)

Sum frequency spectroscopy (SFS) has been used to probe the interface between Pt films and liquid consisting of neat acetonitrile or acetonitrile/solvent mixtures. In the case of the neat acetonitrile, vibrational features associated with C⋮N (2239 cm-1) and C−H stretching (2939 cm-1) from adsorbed acetonitrile were observed. The peaks on Pt were more significantly downshifted from bulk values compared to Al2O3, indicating different adsorption configurations on the surfaces. Significant downshifting of the primary νC⋮N stretch (2239−2229 cm-1) was observed with changing acetonitrile concentration in solution, with alcohols (EtOH and MeOH) causing larger effects than water. In addition, a secondary, downshifted νC⋮N band (2229−2211 cm-1) is observed whose intensity is invariant with liquid-phase concentration, indicating a more strongly bound species. Similar shifts were observed for the CH3 stretching mode of acetonitrile in ethanol, methanol, and water. These frequency shifts in both the C⋮N and C−H stretching regions are attributed to a combination of decreased dipole−dipole coupling and charge-transfer effects.
The amino acid sequences of jacalin and the Maclura pomifera agglutinin (1991)

Amino acid sequences for the alpha-chains of the Moraceae lectins, jacalin and Maclura pomifera agglutinin, were determined by protein sequencing. Both are 133 residues long and contain several genetically variant positions; the overall homology is 85%. A possible site for the known glycopeptide of jacalin was located. The alpha-chains have a conserved tryptophan residue that may be part of the binding-site.
FBK-IRST (2007)

We present an approach for semantic relation extraction between nominals that combines shallow and deep syntactic processing and semantic information using kernel methods. Two information sources are considered: (i) the whole sentence where the relation appears, and (ii) WordNet synsets and hypernymy relations of the candidate nominals. Each source of information is represented by kernel functions. In particular, five basic kernel functions are linearly combined and weighted under different conditions. The experiments were carried out using support vector machines as classifier. The system achieves an overall F1 of 71.8% on the Classification of Semantic Relations between Nominals task at SemEval-2007.
Quantifying the Contribution of Defective Ribosomal Products to Antigen Production: A Model-Based Computational Analysis (2005)

Antigenic peptides (epitopes) presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules derive from proteolytic degradation of endogenous proteins. Some recent studies have proposed that the majority of epitopes stem from so-called defective ribosomal products (DRiPs), i.e., freshly synthesized proteins that are unable to adopt the native conformation and thus undergo immediate degradation. However, a reliable computational analysis of the data underlying this hypothesis was lacking so far. Therefore, we have applied kinetic modeling to derive from existing kinetic data (Princiotta et al. 2003, Immunity 18, 343-354) the rates of the major processes involved in the cellular protein turnover and MHC class I-mediated Ag presentation. From our modeling approach, we conclude that in these experiments 1) the relative share of DRiPs in the total protein synthesis amounted to approximately 10% thus being much lower than reported so far, 2) DRiPs may become the decisive source of epitopes within an early phase after onset of the synthesis of a long-lived (e.g., virus derived) protein, and 3) inhibition of protein synthesis by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide appears to be paralleled with an instantaneous decrease of protein degradation down to approximately 1/3 of the normal value.
Integrated optics applied to astronomical aperture synthesis (2018)

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