gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARXON: A Framework for Approximate Communication over Photonic Networks-on-Chip (2021)

The approximate computing paradigm advocates for relaxing accuracy goals in applications to improve energy-efficiency and performance. Recently, this paradigm has been explored to improve the energy-efficiency of silicon photonic networks-on-chip (PNoCs). Silicon photonic interconnects suffer from high power dissipation because of laser sources, which generate carrier wavelengths, and tuning power required for regulating photonic devices under different uncertainties. In this paper, we propose a framework called ARXON to reduce such power dissipation overhead by enabling intelligent and aggressive approximation during communication over silicon photonic links in PNoCs. Our framework reduces laser and tuning-power overhead while intelligently approximating communication, such that application output quality is not distorted beyond an acceptable limit. Simulation results show that our framework can achieve up to 56.4% lower laser power consumption and up to 23.8% better energy-efficiency than the best-known prior work on approximate communication with silicon photonic interconnects and for the same application output quality.
Learning Question Similarity with Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

The measurement of semantic similarity is a fundamental task in natural language processing. In the settings of a community question answering (cQA) system, it is essentially a classification problem: given a pair of questions, label it similar, relevant, or irrelevant. Traditional methods, either those at word level or at sentence level, typically require many lexical and syntactic resources, which are not available in languages other than English. In addition, there does not exist a finely annotated dataset for our purpose. In this paper, we constructed a dataset containing 4,322 labelled question pairs in Chinese, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first open Chinese dataset for question similarity classification. We propose a novel framework for measuring the semantic similarity between sentences based on the architecture of a recurrent neural network (RNN) encoderdecoder, which does not require lexical or syntactic resources. We solve the problem of lacking labelled data by first training the RNN using a larger dataset of question pairs that are automatically labelled with heuristic scores, and then fine-tuning it with our smaller, manually labelled dataset. The two-step training scheme improves the accuracy of classification compared to single-step training, and also outperforms other traditional models. The proposed model is capable of both classification and candidate ranking.
Development of zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbents for large-scale testing (1987)

Hot coal gas desulfurization utilizing zinc ferrite sorbents has high potential for gasifier combined cycle and molten carbonate fuel cell types of applications. This paper presents some of the results of a test program at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) to develop zinc ferrite sorbents and evaluate them for adequate reactivity and regenerability. The program used a laboratory-scale, fixed-bed reactor operated with a simulated gasifier product gas to screen various sorbent formulations and a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor located in a sidestream of a fluidized-bed gasifier to test and evaluate the sorbents. To increase durability (i.e., resistance to attrition, decrepitation, etc.) over multiple adsorption and regeneration cycles, it was necessary to add inorganic binders such as bentonite to the zinc ferrite. Several different formulations were tested for retention of reactivity and regenerability in the sidestream reactor. Based on the results, a large batch of the sorbent which exhibited the best performance, including sulfur capacity, crush strength, etc., was supplied by a prominent manufacturer.
RTS,S/AS01E immunization increases antibody responses to vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens associated with protection against clinical malaria in African children: a case-control study (2019)

Increased antibody responses to specific P. falciparum antigens in subjects immunized with this partially efficacious vaccine upon natural infection may contribute to overall protective immunity against malaria. Inclusion of such antigens in multivalent constructs could result in more efficacious second-generation multistage vaccines.
Effects of Deposits on Film Cooling of a Vane Endwall Along the Pressure Side (2007)

Film-cooling is influenced by surface roughness and depositions that occur from contaminants present in the hot gas path, whether that film-cooling occurs on the vane itself or on the endwalls associated with the vanes. Secondary flows in the endwall region also affect the film-cooling performance along the endwall. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of surface deposition on film-cooling along the pressure side of a first-stage turbine vane endwall. A large-scale wind tunnel with a turbine vane cascade was used to perform the experiments. The vane endwall was cooled by an array of film-cooling holes along the pressure side of the airfoil. Deposits having a semi-elliptical shape were placed along the pressure side to simulate individual row and multiple row depositions. Results indicated that the deposits lowered the average adiabatic effectiveness levels downstream of the film-cooling rows by deflecting the coolant jets towards the vane endwall junction on the pressure side. Results also indicated that there was a steady decrease in adiabatic effectiveness with a sequential increase in the number of rows with the deposits.
Metrological opportunities of the dynamic mode of operating an enzyme amperometric biosensor (1995)

An algorithm for generating calibration curves that reflects the peculiarities of the dynamic mode of operating of the amperometric biosensor, created on the base of numerical simulations of the sensor behaviour, is proposed. The most important steps are: selection of the informative quantity about the sensor current versus time relationship and the calibration curve processing. Five different informative quantities are tested as well as two ways of representation of calibration curves. The object of study is enzyme catalyzed selective reaction. The values of the kinetic constants used reflect the conversion of glucose to gluconolacton catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (CAT). The results show that sensors with different metrological characteristics can be created by means of a selection of informative quantity of the signal of one biosensor transducer. In addition there appears to be a possibility of facilitating the calibration procedure and prolonging the life of the biosensor.
Adaptive single-user receivers for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA systems (2000)

The capacity of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (DSSS-CDMA) system is limited by multiple-access interference (MAI) and the near-far problem. Multiuser receivers provide a solution to these problems, but they require knowledge of parameters of the MAI and are computationally complex. Adaptive single-user receivers, however, do not require knowledge of MAI parameters and need fewer computations. This paper discusses a wide range of adaptive single-user receivers found in the literature and presents their performance results under a unified framework to provide a basis of comparison. Results indicate that, compared to the conventional receiver, adaptive single-user receivers provide large gains in system capacity and are near-far resistant. It is shown that fractionally spaced adaptive receivers, which exploit spectral correlation due to the cyclostationary nature of the DSSS signal, perform better than adaptive receivers that cannot exploit this correlation. Multipath results presented for two-ray and urban channels indicate that fractionally spaced adaptive receivers act as RAKE receivers.
Riluzole blocks persistent Na+and Ca2+currents and modulates release of glutamate via presynaptic NMDA receptors on neonatal rat hypoglossal motoneuronsin vitro (2008)

The neuroprotective agent riluzole is used for the symptomatic treatment of motoneuron disease, which strongly affects the brainstem nucleus hypoglossus. The mechanism of action of riluzole was investigated using, as a model, patch-clamp recording from hypoglossal motoneurons of the neonatal rat brainstem slice preparation. In the presence of riluzole (10 microm), theta-rhythm oscillations evoked by nicotine continued even though the persistent inward current (comprising sodium and calcium components) was halved, but they disappeared when the high frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic currents waned. Riluzole fully inhibited the persistent sodium current and partly depressed a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive slow current antagonized by Mn(2+) or Cd(2+). Repetitive firing was inhibited by riluzole without changing single action potentials. In the presence of TTX, riluzole depressed miniature glutamatergic currents occurring at high rate. Synaptic transmission with low release probability became sensitive to riluzole if release was stimulated by high potassium solution. Miniature current frequency was depressed by the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-amino-phosphonovaleriate (50 microm), which fully occluded the action of riluzole. As riluzole is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, the PKC antagonist chelerythrine (2.5 microm) mimicked the effect of riluzole and prevented it. In summary, riluzole blocked the persistent sodium current fully, and the calcium one partly, plus it decreased glutamatergic transmission probably via inhibition of PKC that regulated presynaptic NMDA receptors having a facilitatory effect on glutamate release. Controlling NMDA receptor function and, thus, excitatory transmitter release via modulation of PKC suggests a novel potential target to contrast glutamate excitotoxicity in this motor nucleus.
Oxidative stress in chronic renal failure (1998)

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic renal failure. The aim of this review is to summarise current evidence suggesting that there is increased free radical production, antioxidant depletion and changes in lipoprotein composition in renal failure which will lead to oxidation of LDL and hence to accelerated development of atherosclerosis.
Mechanistic Studies of Skin Electroporation Using Biophysical Methods (2003)

The mechanism by which high-voltage pulses transiently disrupt lipid bilayers in cell membranes has been the subject of controversy since electroporation was first observed almost three decades ago. Determining the mechanism by which such pulses permeabilize the complex, multilamellar bilayer structures in skin poses an even greater challenge. To address this issue, a range of methods have been employed to perform biophysical characterization for skin electroporation studies. In this chapter, we provide an overview of these methods and highlight representative findings which biophysical characterization has yielded.
Selective Functionalization in Positions 2 and 3 of Indole via an Iodine−Copper Exchange Reaction (2004)

Two selectively successive I/Cu exchange reactions performed with (Nphyl)CuLi allow the functionalization of indoles in positions 2 and 3. The 2,3-diketones prepared by this method can readily be converted to tricyclic heterocycles by standard methods.
Use of Synchronous Motor Drives for Maintaining Distribution System Line Voltage and Power Factor (1971)

The use of synchronous, drive motors to minimize ac line voltage variations is discussed. The following methods of field control are considered: 1) fixed field excitation, 2) kvar or torque compensation, 3) ac line voltage regulator, and 4) ac line power factor regulator.
The Atacama Desert: Technical Resources and the Growing Importance of Novel Microbial Diversity (2016)

The Atacama Desert of northern Chile is the oldest and most arid nonpolar environment on Earth. It is a coastal desert covering approximately 180,000 km(2), and together with the greater Atacama region it comprises a dramatically wide range of ecological niches. Long known and exploited for its mineral resources, the Atacama Desert harbors a rich microbial diversity that has only recently been discovered; the great majority of it has not yet been recovered in culture or even taxonomically identified. This review traces the progress of microbiology research in the Atacama and dispels the popular view that this region is virtually devoid of life. We examine reasons for such research activity and demonstrate that microbial life is the latest recognized and least explored resource in this inspiring biome.
Real-world applications of analog and digital evolvable hardware (1999)

In contrast to conventional hardware where the structure is irreversibly fixed in the design process, evolvable hardware (EHW) is designed to adapt to changes in task requirements or changes in the environment, through its ability to reconfigure its own hardware structure dynamically and autonomously. This capacity for adaptation, achieved by employing efficient search algorithms based on the metaphor of evolution, has great potential for the development of innovative industrial applications. This paper introduces EHW chips and six applications currently being developed as part of MITI's Real-World Computing Project; an analog EHW chip for cellular phones, a clock-timing architecture for Giga hertz systems, a neural network EHW chip capable of autonomous reconfiguration, a data compression EHW chip for electrophotographic printers, and a gate-level EHW chip for use in prosthetic hands and robot navigation.
Forensic study on the collapse of a high-rise building in Shanghai: 3D centrifuge and numerical modelling (2018)

This paper reports a forensic investigation on the unexpected collapse of a 13-storey high-rise residential building in Shanghai soft clay. Prior to the building collapse, a shallow excavation was carried out on one side of the building while a slope was filled on the opposite side. Despite the observed breakage of all the piles in the field, a preliminary forensic numerical analysis adopting a typical undrained shear strength (c u ) profile in Shanghai suggests that the piles are very unlikely to break. The surprising contrast has led to this detailed forensic study on the underlying mechanisms for the building collapse, through a site-specific characterisation of the c u profile, three-dimensional centrifuge modelling and numerical back-analysis. Although the typical c u profile in Shanghai increases almost linearly with depth, the clay in this site consists of two major layers with distinctive strength – that is, a relatively soft clay layer (average c u = 23 kPa, thickness = 13·5 m) underlain by a relatively stiff clay layer (average c u = 58 kPa, thickness = 18·2 m). By reproducing this c u profile in the centrifuge test and numerical analysis, the resulting direction of the building collapse and the depths of pile breakage were broadly consistent with those observed in the field. It was found that the surcharge of the fill slope caused the bearing capacity to be exceeded in the upper soft clay layer. This led to the development of a sliding wedge under the surcharge, which extended horizontally (at a depth of 11 m) across the pile foundations to reach the excavation side, and therefore the breakage of the piles. If a typical strength profile in Shanghai (with c u linearly increasing with depth) were adopted, the failure mechanism could be significantly altered from the aforementioned deep slip failure to a shallow passive failure, causing much smaller bending moment in each pile.
Regulation of programmed cell death or apoptosis in atherosclerosis. (1997)

Intimal thickening caused by accumulation of cells, lipids, and connective tissue characterizes atherosclerosis, an arterial disease that leads to cardiac and cerebral infarction. Apoptosis, or genetically programmed cell death, is important for the development and morphogenesis of organs and tissues. As in other tissues, cells of cardiovascular tissues can undergo apoptosis. Increased apoptosis has been found in both human and animal atherosclerotic lesions, mediating tissue turnover and lesion development. In addition to vascular cells, many activated immune cells, mainly macrophages and T cells, are present in atherosclerotic lesions, where these cells produce biologically active substances such as the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon-gamma. Simultaneous exposure to these cytokines may trigger apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. The products of death-regulating genes including Fas/Fas ligand, members of IL-1 beta cysteinyl protease (caspase) family, the tumor suppressive gene p53, and the protooncogene c-myc have been found in vascular cells and may participate in the regulation of vascular apoptosis during the development of atherosclerosis. Abnormal occurrence of apoptosis may take place in atherosclerotic lesions, including attenuation or acceleration of the apoptotic death process. The former may cause an increase in the cellularity of the lesions, and the latter can reduce cellular components important for maintaining the integrity and stability of the plaques. Clarification of the molecular mechanism that regulates apoptosis may help design a new strategy for treatment of patients with atherosclerosis and its major complications, heart attack and stroke.
A Soft Magnetic Moldable Composite With Tri-Modal Size Distribution for Power Electronics Applications (2021)

Soft magnetic moldable composites (SM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Cs) would be ideal for magnetic integration in power electronics converters because they can be readily processed at low temperature without pressure into the core shapes prescribed for the circuits. However, most of the existing SM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Cs have low relative magnetic permeability (<; 30) and low saturation flux density (<; 1 T). To improve the magnetic properties, we combined three different magnetic powders giving rise to a tri-modal size distribution and an acrylic polymer to produce a paste of tri-modal SM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C. The paste was molded and then cured below 200 °C without pressure to form cores offering a relative permeability over 30, a saturation flux density over 1.0 T, and a low core-loss density. The ease of its processing and high-performance properties make this SM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C a good candidate material for power electronics applications.
Differences in Susceptibility of Arabidopsis Ecotypes to Crown Gall Disease May Result from a Deficiency in T-DNA Integration (2020)

We show that among ecotypes of Arabidopsis, there is considerable variation in their susceptibility to crown gall disease. Differences in susceptibility are heritable and, in one ecotype, segregate as a single major contributing locus. In several ecotypes, recalcitrance to tumorigenesis results from decreased binding of Agrobacterium to inoculated root explants. The recalcitrance of another ecotype occurs at a late step in T-DNA transfer. Transient expression of a T-DNA-encoded beta-glucuronidase gusA gene is efficient, but the ecotype is deficient in crown gall tumorigenesis, transformation to kanamycin resistance, and stable GUS expression. This ecotype is also more sensitive to gamma radiation than is a susceptible ecotype. DNA gel blot analysis showed that after infection by Agrobacterium, less T-DNA was integrated into the genome of the recalcitrant ecotype than was integrated into the genome of a highly susceptible ecotype.
The Middle East in historical context (2010)

This book provides a comprehensive analysis and review of the major events and the leading actors of the Gulf War. Copies of key documents and essential factual information build up a picture of the realities of war in the Middle East but the material is set in a strong theoretical framework. This allows the author to see the conflict within the context of the international system and to relate it to the changes of the post-cold-war world. Matthews looks at the shifts in international order which dictated the nature of the international response to the war, but also at the new conditions created by the war itself. What scope is there for Arab socialism after the fall of European socialism? Has the conflict made Israel stronger or weaker? Can the UN be entrusted with the post of global peace-keeper?
Serial Use of an Interventional Lung Assist Device and a Ventricular Assist Device (2010)

A low-resistance membrane oxygenator [interventional lung assist (iLA), Novalung, Hirrlingen, Germany] has been placed in series with a pulsatile extracorporeal left ventricular assist device (LVAD, Berlin Heart EXCOR, Berlin, Germany) in 1 circuit in a patient with postcardiotomy cardiopulmonary failure subsequent to 5 days of extracorporeal life support (ECLS or ECMO). This concept offers an intermediate step between ECLS and mechanical ventilation in this particular patient population. Pulmonary function stabilized under the combined lung and ventricular support. As a result, mechanical ventilation became sufficient after 48 hours, and the iLA was then removed easily out of the circuit. In conclusion, this case demonstrates the feasibility of integrating a low-resistance membrane oxygenator for additional lung support in extracorporeal LVAD patients.
Francis Turner Palgrave (2010)

The Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writer's work,enabling students and researchers to read for themselves, for example, comments on early performances of Shakespeare's plays, or reactions to the first publication of Jane Austen's novels. The carefully selected sources range from landmark essays in the history of criticism to journalism and contemporary opinion, and little published documentary material such as letters and diaries. Significant pieces of criticism from later periods are also included, in order to demonstrate the fluctuations in an author's reputation. Each volume contains an introduction to the writer's published works, a selected bibliography, and an index of works, authors and subjects The Collected Critical Heritage set will be available as a set of 68 volumes and the series will also be available in mini sets selected by period (in slipcase boxes), and as individual volumes.
Modular simulation of neuroangiography and endovascular interventions in neuroradiology (2021)

A concept for a specialized phantom system for the simulations of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in neuroradiology is presented. The modular simulator can be used for testing and training of both, established and new approaches in image guided catheter interventions. The 3D printing of anatomical vessel phantoms allows for the reproduction of specific features of the vasculature on the path of the catheter.
Pedestrian tracking from a stationary camera using active deformable models (2002)

The system proposed in this paper uses active deformable models to track pedestrians moving in dynamic real-world scenes. First, figure pixels are separated from a fixed or slowly evolving ground image. Then, an initial segmentation process identifies interesting pixel blobs for tracking. The output of the segmentation process is used to choose the starting position of the control points of the active deformable model. Once tracking has begun, the control points are updated at frame rates by minimizing an energy function involving the relative position of model points, image data, and the characteristics of figure pixels.