gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A comparative study on lomefloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis]. (1989)

To objectively evaluate the efficacy, safety and utility of lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, a comparative double blind trial was performed using norfloxacin (NFLX) as the control drug. In both groups, the drug was orally administered after meals for 3 days in a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. and clinical efficacies were assessed on the 3rd day (the 1st assessment) according to the criteria by the UTI Committee in Japan. Subsequently, either the active drug (NY-198 or NFLX) or placebo was administered for 4 days and the 2nd assessment was performed on the 7th day. Further, in patients who showed excellent responses at the 2nd assessment, recurrence was examined on the 14th day (the 3rd assessment) and on around the 21st day (the 4th assessment) following a subsequent 7-day placebo treatment. 1. A total of 258 patients was treated, and among them clinical efficacies were evaluable in 207 patients (NY-198: 106, NFLX: 101) at the 1st assessment, and in 176 patients (NY-198-NY-198 which was the combination of the 1st and 2nd administrations: 47, NY-198-placebo: 43, NFLX-NFLX: 44, NFLX-placebo: 42). 2. In the evaluation of overall clinical efficacy by the committee at the 1st assessment, the overall efficacy rates in the NY-198 group and the NFLX group were 76.4% and 64.4% (excellent), respectively, or 100% and 99.0% (excellent and good), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In the 1st assessment on effects of drugs on pain at micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria and on bacteriological response, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. 3. In the 2nd assessment by the committee, there were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups in the overall clinical efficacies and the effects on bacteriuria (P less than 0.05). No difference was observed between NY-198 group and NFLX group, but the groups administered with active drug for 7 days, i.e. NY-198-NY-198 group and NFLX-NFLX group were significantly superior to the groups administered with active drug for 3 days and placebo for subsequent 4 days, i.e. NY-198-placebo group and NFLX-placebo group (P less than 0.05). There were no differences in the effects on pain at micturition and pyuria among the 4 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Requirements engineering with viewpoints (1996)

The requirements engineering process involves a clear understanding of the requirements of the intended system. This includes the services required of the system, the system users, its environment and associated constraints. This process involves the capture, analysis and resolution of many ideas, perspectives and relationships at varying levels of detail. Requirements methods based on global reasoning appear to lack the expressive framework to adequately articulate this distributed requirementsknowledge structure. The paper describes the problems in trying to establish an adequate and stable set of requirements and proposes a viewpoint-oriented requirements definition (VORD) method as a means of tackling some of these problems. This method structures the requirements engineering process using viewpoints associated with sources of requirements. The paper describes VORD in the light of current viewpoint-oriented requirements approaches and shows how it improves on them. A simple example of a bank auto-teller system is used to demonstrate the method.
Silicon Nanowire Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Direct Detection of miRNAs (2010)

MicroRNA (miRNA), a large and growing class of 18-24-nucleotide long, noncoding RNA molecules in all known animal and plant genomes, is a key player in gene regulation. The functions of miRNA are yet to be understood with respect to how and where it is produced and the changes within an organism associated with variations in miRNA expression level. The expression profiles serve as molecular diagnostics for diseases and new targets in drug discovery. Consequently, highly sensitive and selective detection of miRNA is playing a significant role in understanding miRNA functions. Existing major methods of detecting miRNA are dependent on hybridization, in which a target miRNA molecule is hybridized to a complementary probe molecule. Recently developed detection methods introduce nanomaterials to the hybridized duplex to enhance the sensitivity. However, all of them are indirect, involving labeling or conjugating process. To overcome the above-mentioned issues, we have demonstrated a highly sensitive and label-free direct detection method for miRNA by using peptide nucleic acids (PNAs)-functionalized silicon nanowires (SiNWs) biosensor. The sensor is capable of detecting target miRNA as low as 1 fM (10(-15) M), as well as identifying fully matched versus mismatched miRNA sequences. More importantly, the SiNW biosensor enables miRNA detection in total RNA extracted from HeLa cells. The developed detection method shows potential applications in label-free, early detection of miRNA as a biomarker in cancer diagnostics with very high sensitivity and good specificity.
Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Multiplexer Based on Multimode Micro-Ring Resonator with Angular Gratings (2016)

We demonstrate silicon photonic orbital angular momentum multiplexing devices based on mulitmode microring resonator. Up to four optical beams carrying different orbital angular momentum states can be selectively excited from different input ports.
Pilot study on the effects of cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual persons on metabolism by means of metabolomics profiling (2015)

Introduction: &nbsp; Sex steroid hormones exert a wide range of effects on metabolism. New techniques such as metabolomic profiling allow for a deeper insight into metabolic regulation. In epidemiological samples it has been demonstrated that most of these metabolites show sex-specific differences. However, if these differences are attributable to the effects of sex hormones or genetics is little understood so far. &nbsp; Methods: &nbsp; We performed targeted metabolomics measurements in serum of fasting transmen (F2 M) and transwomen (M2F) at baseline and following 12 months of cross-sex hormone treatment (N = 20/group). Subjects investigated in this study were part of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI). The metabolites were quantified by ESI-LC-MS/MS with AbsoluteIDQ TM p180 kit (BIOCRATES Life Sciences AG). &nbsp; Results: &nbsp; Several metabolites concentrations changed significantly between the two visits in the M2F group including DL-carnitine, octadecanyl-L-carnithine, ornithine, threonine, alpha-amino adipic acid, hydroxyproline, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34:3 and ornithine/arginine ratio (FDR &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.05). In the F2 M group there was only a significant change in ornithine. After adjustment for age, lifestyle factors and body composition in a linear mixed effects model, these results remained significant but vanished after adjusting for sex hormone levels. This indicates a direct effect of sex hormones on metabolite levels. Opposite effects were seen for changes in ornithine levels between the two groups. This is also in line with sex-specific findings from the population based KORA study. Ornithine was further strongly positively related to testosterone levels in both groups. &nbsp; Conclusion: &nbsp; In this first pilot study we could show that cross-sex hormone treatment induces several changes in serum metabolites. Opposite effects were exerted on Ornithine levels indicating a direct effect of sex-hormones on citric acid cycle regulation.
Stimuli‐responsive cationic terpolymers by RAFT polymerization: Synthesis, characterization, and protein interaction studies (2008)

Abstract The controlled synthesis and characterization of a range of stimuli responsive cationic terpolymers containing varying amounts of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), 3‐(methylacryloylamino)propyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), and poly(ethylene glycol)monomethyl methacrylate (PEGMA) is presented. The terpolymers were synthesized using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Compositions of the terpolymers determined using 1 H NMR were in close agreement to the theoretical values determined from the monomer feed ratios. GPC‐MALLS was used to analyze the molecular weight characteristics of the polymers, which were found to have low polydispersities ( M w / M n 1.1–1.4). The phase transitions were studied as a function of PEGMA and NIPAM content using temperature controlled 1 H NMR and turbidity measurements (UV‐Vis). The relationship between thermal stability and the comonomer ratio of the polymers was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Protein interaction studies were performed to determine the suitability of the polymers for biological applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4021–4029, 2008
Platelet activation and inhibition of malarial cytoadherence by the anti-CD36 IgM monoclonal antibody NL07 (1993)

The surface glycoprotein CD36 (GPIV) is known to mediate the adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected red blood cells and to be a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and thrombospondin. The murine monoclonal IgM antibody NL07, which is specific for CD36, has now been shown to also be a potent inhibitor of the adhesion of P falciparum malaria-infected red blood cells to C32 melanoma cells. Treatment of platelets with NL07 monoclonal antibody resulted in rapid degranulation, release of ATP and serotonin, increase in [Ca2+]i, and tyrosine phosphorylation of a substrate protein of 130 kD. In about one-half of the experiments, activation with NL07 resulted in the formation of small aggregates of 10 to 30 platelets, whereas in the other half of the experiments, large aggregates were seen similar to those induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and these large aggregates could be converted to the small aggregates by ATP alpha S or by AP-2 or other antibodies against GPIIb and/or IIIa. Microaggregates of 2 to 5 platelets were seen with Glanzmann's platelets that constitutively lack GPIIb/IIIa. Aggregate formation was not seen with heat-treated serum, in the presence of anti C1q antibodies, or when using C5-, C8-, or C9-deficient human sera. Although activation of platelets with purified complement components results in a slow morphologic change without aggregation, involvement of CD36 results in rapid complement-mediated activation leading to formation of small aggregates that is largely independent of GPIIb/IIIa and that, under certain circumstances, proceeds to the formation of large ADP-dependent aggregates.
Activation of potassium currents by inhibitors of calcium‐activated chloride conductance in rabbit portal vein smooth muscle cells (1996)

1. The conventional whole-cell recording technique was used to study the effects of the chloride channel inhibitors ethacrynic acid, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A-9-C) and indanyloxyacetic acid (IAA) on membrane currents in rabbit portal vein smooth muscle cells at a holding potential of 0 mV. 2. Using a pipette solution that contained 1 x 10(-4) M 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N,N,-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and a normal bathing solution the addition of ethacrynic acid (2 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-3) M) inhibited spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and evoked a concentration-dependent current at a holding potential of 0 mV. A similar current was activated by IAA (5 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-3) M) but not by A-9-C (1-5 x 10(-3) M) at a holding potential of 0 mV. 3. The amplitude of the current evoked by ethacrynic acid and IAA was linearly related to potential between -30 and 0 mV and displayed outward rectification at positive potentials. The current induced by A-9-C was evident only at potentials positive to +20 mV. 4. Glibenclamide (1 x 10(-5) M) abolished the current evoked by ethacrynic acid and IAA at potentials negative to +10 mV and partially inhibited the current positive to +10 mV. The glibenclamide-insensitive current at positive potentials was completely inhibited by 1 x 10(-3) M TEA. The A-9-C-evoked current was insensitive to glibenclamide and abolished by 1 x 10(-3) M TEA. 5. The glibenclamide-sensitive current activated by ethacrynic acid was not sustained and declined to control levels in the continued presence of ethacrynic acid. However, the outwardly rectifying current recorded at +50 mV was well maintained over the same period. 6. Outwardly rectifying currents evoked by ethacrynic acid and A-9-C were observed with a pipette solution containing 1 x 10(-2) M BAPTA in cells bathed in Ca-free extracellular solution containing 5 x 10(-4) M BAPTA and 1 x 10(-5) M cyclopiazonic acid. 7. It is concluded that all three chloride-channel blockers activated an outwardly rectifying, TEA-sensitive current. Moreover, ethacrynic acid and IAA evoked an additional glibenclamide-sensitive current which was present at all potentials between -30 and +50 mV.
Direct regulation of Treslin by cyclin-dependent kinase is essential for the onset of DNA replication (2011)

Treslin, a TopBP1-interacting protein, is necessary for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication in vertebrates. Association between Treslin and TopBP1 requires cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. We investigated the mechanism and functional importance of Cdk for this interaction using both X. laevis egg extracts and human cells. We found that Treslin also associated with TopBP1 in a Cdk-regulated manner in human cells and that Treslin was phosphorylated within a conserved Cdk consensus target sequence (on S976 in X. laevis and S1000 in humans). Recombinant human Cdk2-cyclin E also phosphorylated this residue of Treslin in vitro very effectively. Moreover, a mutant of Treslin that cannot undergo phosphorylation on this site showed significantly diminished binding to TopBP1. Finally, human cells harboring this mutant were severely deficient in DNA replication. Collectively, these results indicate that Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of Treslin during S phase is necessary for both its effective association with TopBP1 and its ability to promote DNA replication in human cells.
Extraction and Interpretation of Deep Autoencoder-based Temporal Features from Wearables for Forecasting Personalized Mood, Health, and Stress (2020)

Continuous wearable sensor data in high resolution contain physiological and behavioral information that can be utilized to predict human health and wellbeing, establishing the foundation for developing early warning systems to eventually improve human health and wellbeing. We propose a deep neural network framework, the Locally Connected Long Short-Term Memory Denoising AutoEncoder (LC-LSTM-DAE), to automatically extract features from passively collected raw sensor data and perform personalized prediction of self-reported mood, health, and stress scores with high precision. We enabled personalized learning of features by finetuning the general representation model with participant-specific data. The framework was evaluated using wearable sensor data and wellbeing labels collected from college students (total 6391 days from N=239). Sensor data include skin temperature, skin conductance, and acceleration; wellbeing labels include self-reported mood, health and stress scored 0 - 100. Compared to the prediction performance based on hand-crafted features, the proposed framework achieved higher precision with a smaller number of features. We also provide statistical interpretation and visual explanation to the automatically learned features and the prediction models. Our results show the possibility of predicting self-reported mood, health, and stress accurately using an interpretable deep learning framework, ultimately for developing real-time health and wellbeing monitoring and intervention systems that can benefit various populations.
Increased risk of malignancies in a population-based study of 818 soft-tissue sarcoma patients (2006)

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) have been associated with various rare cancer syndromes and occur at increased frequencies in survivors of childhood cancer. Also adult patients with STS have been suggested to be at an increased risk of additional malignancies. After exclusion of syndrome-associated and radiation-induced sarcomas, we studied multiple primary malignancies in a population-based cohort of 818 patients with primary STS of the extremities and the trunk wall. In total, 203 other malignancies developed in 164 (20%) patients median 10 (0–32) years before and median 4 (0–35) years after the sarcoma diagnosis. Standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs) were determined for primary malignancies following a STS. Hereby individuals who had developed a STS were identified to be at increased risk of second primary malignancies (SMR for all malignant tumours=1.3; 95% CI=1.0–1.5; P=0.02) with STS being the only specific tumour type that occurred at an increased risk (SMR=17.6; 95% CI=8.1–33.5; P<0.001). Hence, this population-based series demonstrates a high frequency of second primary tumours among STS patients and indicates a particularly increased risk of developing a new STS.
Mimicking cAMP-Dependent Allosteric Control of Protein Kinase A through Mechanical Tension (2006)

We report the activation of an enzyme complex by mechanical tension. Protein kinase A, a tetrameric enzyme that, in the cell, is allosterically controlled by cAMP, has been modified by the insertion of a "molecular spring" on the regulatory subunit. The spring is made of DNA, and its stiffness can be varied externally by hybridization to a complementary strand. This allows us to exert a controlled mechanical tension between the two points on the protein's surface where the spring is attached. We show that upon applying the tension, we can activate the enzyme with efficiency comparable to the activation by its natural regulatory molecule, cAMP.
Abstract IA27: Perturbation of host cellular regulatory networks by human papillomaviruses (2016)

Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small viruses with ~8,000 bp double-stranded, circular genomes. There are over 200 HPV types and they all infect epithelial cells. While most HPV infections are subclinical others cause overt lesions. Most HPV-associated lesions are benign but some “high-risk” HPVs cause lesions that have a propensity for malignant progression and approximately 10% of all human cancers worldwide are caused by high-risk HPV infections. HPV-associated cancers generally represent non-productive infections, i.e. viral proteins are synthesized but no infectious virus is produced. HPV-associated cancers retain expression of two viral genes, E6 and E7, and continued expression of these two viral genes is necessary for cancer cell proliferation and survival. High-risk HPV E6 and E7 encode small, non-enzymatic proteins of ~150 and ~100 amino acids, respectively. These viral proteins exert their oncogenic activities by associating with and functionally reprogramming critical cellular regulatory nodes; indeed, they have been reported to affect the majority of the “Hallmarks of Cancer” as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg (Cell 144:646). In addition to targeting a number of well-known tumor suppressor pathways including TP53 and RB1, E6 and E7 also, directly and indirectly, affect many other cellular signaling pathways. As a result, HPV E6/E7 expressing cells develop unexpected vulnerabilities to perturbation of signaling pathways that are readily tolerated in normal cells. Citation Format: Karl Münger. Perturbation of host cellular regulatory networks by human papillomaviruses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
INFLUENCE OF SERVICE CONDITIONS ON THE RESISTANCE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF CARGO SHIP (1977)

The principal factors which cause an increase in ship resistance in service are weather and the condition of the Hull surface. The former is governed by wind force (as measured on the Beaufort scale), and the latter by corrosion and fouling of the hull plating. The paper summarises quantitative studies of these factors. Among the general conclusions are the following: 1. After a year in service (since dry-docking) the resistance increases by 21-38% (this result assumes an average wind force 6). 2. Fouling causes an increase of resistance ranging from 3.5 to 11.5% after a year in service. 3. Surface roughness due to corrosion and mechanical damage increases the resistance by 6-9% after three years in service. Order from BSRA as No. 49,840.
Theory of switching in MISIM structures (1981)

A detailed analysis of the DC switching characteristics of metal-thin insulator-semiconductor-thin insulator-metal (MISIM) devices is presented. In contrast with conventional junction and MISM devices, they are shown to exhibit bidirectional switching. In addition, the minority-carrier concentrations are very small, and so the turn-off times should be shorter. Two distinct cases are distinguished, one where the second insulator is relatively thin and where it is well represented by a Schottky barrier with an interfacial layer, and the other where the second oxide is relatively thick and where it is treated as a second MIS diode.
Emerging technologies in extracorporeal treatment: focus on adsorption (2003)

As an extracorporeal technique for blood purification, haemoadsorption was introduced in the early 1960s along with other physico-chemical methods. The problem of poor biocompatibility of uncoated adsorbents was resolved by coating adsorbent granules with haemocompatible membranes. Use of coated adsorbents instead of uncoated ones reduces the efficiency of haemoperfusion. As a result, for many years the use of adsorption was limited to only acute poisoning. Since the 1990s interest in the use of adsorbents in extracorporeal medical devices has been rising again. In this paper some recent developments in synthesis and application of novel uncoated medical adsorbents are discussed.
Identification of potential sources of striga resistance in cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) walp.] accessions from Ghana (2017)

Striga gesnerioides, commonly called witchweed, is a major constraint to growth and productivity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) throughout West Africa. We have screened the cowpea accessions available in the germplasm collections from Ghana for their reaction to Striga gesnerioides, with the aim of identifying new sources of resistance to the parasite for use in breeding and improvement activities. Resistance to S. gesnerioides was scored phenotypically using pot trials and the differential response of the various accessions correlated to the presence of molecular markers (61RM2 and SSR1) linked to the major gene cluster for resistance to S. gesnerioides races SG1, SG2 , SG3 and SG5. Of the 141 accessions screened only one, GH3684, exhibited resistance to S. gesnerioides in pot trials. GH3684 carried the S. gesnerioides race SG3 resistance marker SSR1, but not SCAR 61RM2. Our data showed that only limited sources of resistance exist against S. gesnerioides in the Ghana germplasm underscoring the need for more extensive analysis of local landraces and exploitation of exotic materials from outside of the country for cowpea improvement. Key words: Exotic, Germplasm, Molecular markers, Resistance, Striga gesnerioides