gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerosol-OT Microemulsions as Transdermal Carriers of Tetracaine Hydrochloride (2000)

The aerosol-OT (AOT)/water/isopropyl myristate microemulsion was investigated as a carrier in transdermal drug delivery of tetracaine hydrochloride. The study included in vivo analgesic studies on rats and histopathological, irritation, and oxidative stress measurements on mice. The tetracaine hydrochloride encapsulated in AOT/water/isopropyl myristate showed an eightfold enhancement in the analgesic response of drug compared to the aqueous solution of the drug as measured by the tail-flick method. The analgesic response of tetracaine hydrochloride, however, highly depended on the concentration of AOT and water of the microemulsion. The preliminary histopathological, irritation, and oxidative stress studies showed that AOT/water/isopropyl myristate microemulsion system is a safe transdermal carrier of tetracaine hydrochloride with a concentration of AOT in isopropyl myristate up to 21:79 w/w.
Dual TGFβ/BMP Pathway Inhibition Enables Expansion and Characterization of Multiple Epithelial Cell Types of the Normal and Cancerous Breast (2019)

Functional modeling of normal breast epithelial hierarchy and stromal-epithelial cell interactions have been difficult due to inability to obtain sufficient stem-progenitor-mature epithelial and stromal cells. Recently reported epithelial reprogramming assay has partially overcome this limitation, but cross-contamination of cells from the feeder layer is a concern. The purpose of this study was to develop a feeder-layer-independent and inexpensive method to propagate multiple cell types from limited tissue resources. Cells obtained after enzymatic digestion of tissues collected at surgery or by core-needle biopsies were plated on tissue culture dishes precoated with laminin-5-rich-conditioned media from the rat bladder tumor cell line 804G and a defined growth media with inhibitors of ROCK, TGFβ, and BMP signaling. Cells were characterized by flow cytometry, mammosphere assay, 3D cultures, and xenograft studies. Cells from the healthy breasts included CD10<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>-</sup> basal/myoepithelial, CD49f<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>+</sup> luminal progenitor, CD49f<sup>-</sup>/EpCAM<sup>+</sup> mature luminal, CD73<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>+</sup>/CD90<sup>-</sup> rare endogenous pluripotent somatic stem, CD73<sup>+</sup>/CD90<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>-</sup>, estrogen receptor alpha-expressing ALCAM (CD166)<sup>+</sup>/EpCAM<sup>+</sup>, and ALDFLUOR<sup>+</sup> stem/luminal progenitor subpopulations. Epithelial cells were luminal (KRT19<sup>+</sup>), basal (KRT14<sup>+</sup>), or dual-positive luminal/basal hybrid cells. While breast cells derived from BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 mutation carriers did not display unique characteristics, cells from women with breast cancer-protective alleles showed enhanced differentiation. Cells could also be propagated from primary tumors and metastasis of breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer-neuroendocrine subtype. Xenograft studies confirmed tumorigenic properties of tumor-derived cells. IMPLICATIONS: Our method expands the scope of individualized studies of patient-derived cells and provides resources to model epithelial-stromal interactions under normal and pathologic conditions.
Lewis Adduct (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Assessing the Association of Targeted Therapy and Intracranial Metastatic Disease (2021)

The findings of this cohort study suggest an association between real-world use of targeted therapies and prolonged OS in patients with IMD in the setting of ERBB2-positive breast cancer, EGFR-positive lung cancer, and BRAF-positive melanoma. Including patients with IMD in clinical trials and using end points that interrogate IMD will be critical to determine the role of targeted therapies in treating patients with IMD.
Oblique Extraction of Polarized Light from Light-Emitting Liquid Crystal Cells Doped with a Fluorescent Dye (2013)

We present light-emitting liquid crystal (LC) devices with a fluorescent dye-doped nematic LC for the purpose of generating polarized emission. We show that the light-emission characteristics of these devices are nearly independent of the dye concentration, suggesting that the carrier transport is governed mainly by ionic conduction. We discuss the polarized emission properties in the oblique outcoupling directions together with numerically calculated results, which show weakly polarized emission in the oblique direction. Lastly, we present polarized light emission from an LC cell with an inclined emissive layer, which is introduced to efficiently extract the polarized emission in the normal direction.
Flexible resource allocation scheme for link switching support in visible light communication networks (2012)

With the development of wireless technologies and applications, guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) for heterogeneous traffic calls is an important problem. In visible light communication (VLC) networks, the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol supports the exclusive use of wireless channels through guaranteed time slots (GTSs). In this paper, a flexible resource allocation scheme is proposed to support link switching calls in VLC networks. Based on minimum QoS requirements of traffic, our proposed scheme can accommodate link switching calls, which use GTS allocation, even though the remaining time slots are not enough to be allocated to these ones. A queuing model is used to analyze our proposed scheme.
RESECTION OF OBSTRUCTIONS AT THE VESICAL ORIFICE (1926)

In approaching the subject of minor surgery of obstructions at the vesical outlet, one is reminded of the accomplishments of Bottini, Young and Caulk, who have been the ones most instrumental in demonstrating the fact that the so-called hypertrophied prostate gland can be influenced to retrogress in size and even resume normal proportions. We have all observed the marked shrinkage in large prostates which so regularly occurs in the interval of a two step prostatectomy, and it is an interesting fact, to which Caulk has already drawn attention, that this phenomenon regularly follows resection of the intruding lobes or contracted sphincter. It is obvious that the phenomenon could not occur so consistently were the prostatic lobes the seat of a true hypertrophy. The fact that this change does occur forms the basis on which rests the rationale of minor surgery of the prostate gland. Though this paper is intended only
Searching for RNA genes using base-composition statistics (2002)

The hypothesis that genomic regions rich in non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be identified using local variations in single-base and dinucleotide statistics has been investigated. (G+C)%, (G-C)% difference, (A-T)% difference and dinucleotide-frequency statistics were compared among seven classes of ncRNAs and three genomes. Significant variations were observed in (G+C)% and, in Methanococcus jannaschii, in the frequency of the dinucleotide 'CG'. Screening programs based on these two base-composition statistics were developed. With (G+C)% screening alone, a 1% fraction of the M.jannaschii genome containing all 44 known transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs and signal recognition particle RNAs could be identified. When (G+C)% combined with CG dinucleotide-frequency screening was used, 43 of the 44 known M.jannaschii structural ncRNAs were again identified, while the number of presumably false hits overlapping a known or putative protein-coding gene was reduced from 15 to 6. In addition, 19 candidate ncRNAs were identified including one with significant homology to several known archaeal RNaseP RNAs.
[Evaluation of left ventricular function after myocardial infarct using equilibrium radionuclide angiography. 1-year follow-up]. (1989)

In this group of patients with acute MI, followed for 12 months, we noticed a higher degree of LV dysfunction in the group of anterior MI. The values of LVEF measured early after the acute attach, usually at hospital discharge are stable along the follow-up, unless major cardiac episodes develop. All the deaths along the one year follow-up had LV dysfunction with EF below 45%. Prognostic "quod vitam" worsened while EF decreased, with a death rate of 33% in the sub-group with global EF less than 20%, and 28% considering those with EF below 30%. In relation with regional motion we found that changes may be elicited both in the necrotic and spared segments. We emphasize the contribution of the apical area to the changes in global EF.
31P NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma: determination and quantification of phospholipid classes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (2002)

Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis and is characterized by an unpredictable clinical course. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic phospholipid distribution as a possible marker of tumor stage and tumor spread beyond the kidney. To this end, the effect of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on phospholipid concentrations in blood plasma using 31P NMR spectroscopy was studied in: (a) 29 patients with RCC prior to nephrectomy; (b) 19 healthy volunteers; (c) three patients with other renal tumors (renal metastases of bronchial carcinoma and of renal pelvic carcinoma, and a benign renal tumor). Furthermore, the phospholipid concentrations of eight patients of group (a) were determined 6 months after nephrectomy, when they were in remission. We found considerable deviations in the concentrations of the lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC1, LPC2) in both male and female patients with RCC compared to healthy volunteers (male--LPC1 0.217+/-0.062 vs 0.297+/-0.049 mmol/l, LPC2 0.036+/-0.014 vs 0.068+/-0.024 mmol/l; female--LPC1 0.195+/-0.071 vs 0.296+/-0.044 mmol/l, LPC2 0.037+/-0.027 vs 0.044+/-0.014 mmol/l). In addition, female patients with RCC showed lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines (PC; 1.409+/-0.268 vs 1.947+/-0.259 mmol/l). The low phospholipid concentrations normalized for patients in remission. Phospholipid concentrations were found to depend on tumor stage and metastatic spread. The deviations in phospholipid concentrations (LPC1, LPC2, PC) observed may be attributable to systemic effects caused by the tumor as well as changes in enzyme activities.
CONSULTANT: providing advice for the machine learning toolbox (1993)

The Machine Learning Toolbox (MLT), an Esprit project (P2154), provides an integrated toolbox of ten Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. One distinct component of the toolbox is Consultant, an advice-giving expert system, which assists a domain expert to choose and use a suitable algorithm for his learning problem. The University of Aberdeen has been responsible for the design and implementation of Consultant.
The malaria circumsporozoite protein has two functional domains, each with distinct roles as sporozoites journey from mosquito to mammalian host (2011)

Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the mosquito midgut to the mammalian liver. The sporozoite's major surface protein, circumsporozoite protein (CSP), is a multifunctional protein required for sporozoite development and likely mediates several steps of this journey. In this study, we show that CSP has two conformational states, an adhesive conformation in which the C-terminal cell-adhesive domain is exposed and a nonadhesive conformation in which the N terminus masks this domain. We demonstrate that the cell-adhesive domain functions in sporozoite development and hepatocyte invasion. Between these two events, the sporozoite must travel from the mosquito midgut to the mammalian liver, and N-terminal masking of the cell-adhesive domain maintains the sporozoite in a migratory state. In the mammalian host, proteolytic cleavage of CSP regulates the switch to an adhesive conformation, and the highly conserved region I plays a critical role in this process. If the CSP domain architecture is altered such that the cell-adhesive domain is constitutively exposed, the majority of sporozoites do not reach their target organs, and in the mammalian host, they initiate a blood stage infection directly from the inoculation site. These data provide structure-function information relevant to malaria vaccine development.
Analyse genetique de deux souches de lentivirus proches du hiv de type 1 isolees en afrique equatoriale (gabon) : hiv-loyi et sivcpz (1990)

Hiv-loyi est une souche virale hautement defective isolee chez un individu presentant une serologie indeterminee. De telles serologies sont tres frequentes en afrique centrale, mais sont considerees comme negatives pour la seroprevalence hiv. Or, hiv-loyi a ete isole d'un individu presentant ce type de serologie et des sequences retrovirales de type hiv ont ete mises en evidence chez d'autres sujets. La nature genetique pluri-defective de hiv-loyi est en accord avec les donnees physiopathologiques observees, telles que son absence d'effet pathogene in vivo et cytoipathogene in vitro. Cette etude ouvre des perspectives interessantes sur l'importance des formes retrovirales defectives de type hiv dans la progression de la maladie, notamment pendant la phase de latence. Sivcpz est le premier virus de l'immunodeficience simienne proche de hiv-1 isole chez le chimpanze. Cette decouverte est tres importante car ce virus pourrait representer un bon modele pour hiv-1, aussi bien pour des etudes fondamentales que pour des recherches plus appliquees. Neanmoins, sa structure genetique est suffisamment originale pour que sivcpz soit considere comme le prototype d'un nouveau groupe de virus de l'immunodeficience. Nos resultats relancent alors les debats sur l'origine des virus du sida
Effects of methoxsalen plus near-ultraviolet radiation or mid-ultraviolet radiation on immunologic mechanisms. (1984)

Skin cancers induced in mice by UVB, i.e., 280-320 nm radiation, are highly antigenic. They grow progressively in UVB-irradiated hosts because of certain specific immunologic alterations that are induced in the mice. Comparative studies of the immunologic aspects of carcinogenesis by UVB or methoxsalen plus UVA, i.e., 320-400 nm radiation (PUVA), formed the basis for the following conclusions: 1) Skin cancers induced by PUVA in C3H/HeN mammary tumor virus-negative mice are not highly antigenic, in contrast to those induced by UVB; 2) PUVA-induced tumors also differ from those induced by UVB, in that they do not exhibit preferential growth in UVB-irradiated mice; 3) PUVA treatment of mice, unlike UVB, does not induce susceptibility to the transplantation of UVB-induced tumors; 4) both UVB and PUVA treatments suppress the induction of contact hypersensitivity by a mechanism that involves suppressor lymphocytes.
Mannose Conjugated Polymer Targeting P. aeruginosa Biofilms (2020)

Biofilms are one of the most challenging obstacles in bacterial infections. By providing protection against immune responses and antibiotic therapies, biofilms enable chronic colonization and the development of antibiotic resistance. As previous clinical observations and studies have shown, traditional antibiotic therapy alone cannot effectively treat and eliminate biofilm forming infections due to the protection conferred by the biofilm. A new strategy specifically targeting biofilms must be developed. Here, we specifically target and bind to the PAO1 biofilm and elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the interaction between a glycan targeted polymer and biofilm using a continuous flow biofilm model. The incubation of biofilms with fluorescent glycan targeted polymers demonstrated strong and persistent interactions with the mannose-containing polymer even after 24 h of continuous flow. To evaluate the role of major biofilm proteins LecB and CdrA, loss of function experiments with knockout variants established the dual involvement of both proteins in mannose targeted polymer retention. These results identify a persistent and specific targeting strategy to the biofilm, emphasizing its potential value as a delivery strategy and encouraging further exploration of biofilm targeted delivery.
Nanoporous Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Enrichmentof Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) with Methane (2019)

The acoustoelectric effect is the generation of a acoustoelectric current in a non-biased device by a piezoactive acoustic wave. This effect has recently attracted the attention of researchers as possible method to control the motion of massive objects in the quantum regime. We suggest use this effect for development of high sensitive nanoelectronic sensors. The sensitivity could be increase through the use of modulation mode of operation based on the acoustic pilot signal and the transition from quasi-stationary measurement to measurement at the modulation frequency. The acoustic delay line based on shear-horizontal acoustic wave of zero order (SH 0 ) with resonant frequency 2.77 MHz in Y-X LiNbO 3 plate was produced. The nanostructure consisting of nanowire with size 20nm x 180nm was placed in the center between IDTs. The volt-ampere characteristics of this nanowire in presence and at the absence of the acoustic wave were meazured by picoampermeter. The analysis has shown that presence of piezoactive acoustic wave is influenced on electric current in a nanowire.
Dysregulation of Hypothalamic Gene Expression and the Oxytocinergic System by Soybean Oil Diets in Male Mice (2020)

Soybean oil consumption has increased greatly in the past half-century and is linked to obesity and diabetes. To test the hypothesis that soybean oil diet alters hypothalamic gene expression in conjunction with metabolic phenotype, we performed RNA sequencing analysis using male mice fed isocaloric, high-fat diets based on conventional soybean oil (high in linoleic acid, LA), a genetically modified, low-LA soybean oil (Plenish), and coconut oil (high in saturated fat, containing no LA). The 2 soybean oil diets had similar but nonidentical effects on the hypothalamic transcriptome, whereas the coconut oil diet had a negligible effect compared to a low-fat control diet. Dysregulated genes were associated with inflammation, neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and insulin signaling. Oxt was the only gene with metabolic, inflammation, and neurological relevance upregulated by both soybean oil diets compared to both control diets. Oxytocin immunoreactivity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus was reduced, whereas plasma oxytocin and hypothalamic Oxt were increased. These central and peripheral effects of soybean oil diets were correlated with glucose intolerance but not body weight. Alterations in hypothalamic Oxt and plasma oxytocin were not observed in the coconut oil diet enriched in stigmasterol, a phytosterol found in soybean oil. We postulate that neither stigmasterol nor LA is responsible for effects of soybean oil diets on oxytocin and that Oxt messenger RNA levels could be associated with the diabetic state. Given the ubiquitous presence of soybean oil in the American diet, its observed effects on hypothalamic gene expression could have important public health ramifications.
Hepatobiliary and intestinal clearance of amphiphilic cationic drugs in mice in which both mdr1a and mdr1b genes have been disrupted (1998)

1. We have used mice with homozygously disrupted mdr1a and mdr1b genes (mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice) to study the role of the mdr1-type P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the elimination of cationic amphiphilic compounds from the body. These mice lack drug-transporting P-gps, but show no physiological abnormalities under laboratory conditions and have normal bile flow. 2. 3H-labelled cationic drugs were administered intravenously (i.v.) to mice as a single bolus dose and the disposition of the studied cationic drugs was investigated by focusing on drug secretion into bile, intestinal lumen and urine. 3. Hepatobiliary secretion of the investigated cationic drugs was profoundly reduced in mice devoid of the mdr1-type P-gps. In fact, the cumulative biliary output, measured during 1 h, of the small type 1 compounds tri-butylmethyl ammonium (TBuMA) and azidoprocainamide methoiodide (APM), as well as of the more bulky type 2 cationic drug vecuronium, was reduced by at least 70% in the mdrla/lb (-/-) mice compared to wild-type. 4. The intestinal secretion of TBuMA, APM and vecuronium was also profoundly reduced in mdrla/lb (-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. The absence of the mdrl-type P-gp resulted in virtual elimination of intestinal secretion of TBuMA and APM (>90% reduced as compared to wild-type (P=0.0001 and 0.0022, respectively)). The intestinal secretion of the type 2 cation drug vecuronium was reduced by 58% (P=0.0004) compared to the wild-type mice. 5. Increased renal clearances of both the type 1 compounds TBuMA and APM and also of the type 2 cationic compound vecuronium in the mdrla/lb (-/-) mice were observed. Furthermore, the balance between hepatic, intestinal and renal clearances of small type 1 organic cations clearly shifted towards a predominant role for renal clearance. Increased renal clearance may be explained by (over)expression of additional mechanisms for renal organic cation secretion, alternatively they may also point to an as yet undefined role of P-glycoprotein in kidney physiology and renal secretory function. 6. We conclude that the elimination from the body of a broad spectrum of cationic amphiphilic drugs via liver and intestine, is largely dictated by the activity of mdrl-type P-glycoproteins.
MnPO4·H2O as Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitors (2018)

International audience
Biodegradable hollow silica nanospheres containing gold nanoparticle arrays (2015)

We introduce biodegradable hollow silica nanocapsules embedding arrays of 3 nm gold nanoparticles. The silica shell degrades in full serum in a few hours, potentially allowing the clearance of the capsules and their contents by the efficient renal pathway, and thereby overcoming accumulation issues typical of metal nanoparticles.