gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Photoshop-based Image Analysis to Quantification of Hormone Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer (1997)

The benefit of quantifying estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in breast cancer is well established. However, in routine breast cancer diagnosis, receptor expression is often quantified in arbitrary scores with high inter- and intraobserver variability. In this study we tested the validity of an image analysis system employing inexpensive, commercially available computer software on a personal computer. In a series of 28 invasive ductal breast cancers, immunohistochemical determinations of ER and PR were performed, along with biochemical analyses on fresh tumor homogenates, by the dextran-coated charcoal technique (DCC) and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). From each immunohistochemical slide, three representative tumor fields (x20 objective) were captured and digitized with a Macintosh personal computer. Using the tools of Photoshop software, optical density plots of tumor cell nuclei were generated and, after background subtraction, were used as an index of immunostaining intensity. This immunostaining index showed a strong semilogarithmic correlation with biochemical receptor assessments of ER (DCC, r = 0.70, p < 0.001; EIA, r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and even better of PR (DCC, r = 0.86; p < 0.01; EIA, r = 0.80, p < 0.001). A strong linear correlation of ER and PR quantification was also seen between DCC and EIA techniques (ER, r = 0.62, p < 0.001; PR, r = 0.92, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that a simple, inexpensive, commercially available software program can be accurately applied to the quantification of immunohistochemical hormone receptor studies.
International Normalized Ratio (INR), coagulation factor activities and calibrated automated thrombin generation – influence of 24 h storage at ambient temperature (2009)

International Normalized Ratio (INR) measurements are used to monitor oral anticoagulation therapy with coumarins. Single coagulation factor activities and calibrated automated thrombin (CAT) generation are considered as more advanced methods for evaluating overall haemostatic capacity. The aims were to assess the variability of INR, coagulation factor activities, and CAT, during 24 h of storage of blood samples at ambient temperature. A total of 24 patients on stable coumarin treatment were followed prospectively for 6 weeks. INR was analyzed at 0, 6 and 24 h after blood sampling and 1-stage clotting activity of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X as well as CAT generation was recorded after 0 and 24 h respectively. Statistical analyses included Bland-Altman plot, 95% limits of agreement, and a variability test using a mixed effect model. The level of INR remained statistically unchanged from 0 to 6 and 24 h of storage. Coagulation factor activities and CAT revealed no significant difference induced by 24 h of storage, although the limits of agreement were wide. Patients' individual INR, coagulation factor activities, and CAT generation were not significantly influenced by 24 h storage of blood samples, but for the CAT generation analyses a trend toward time dependency was detected.
An approach to reduce build up layers for flip chip-ball grid array (FC-BGA) substrates (2004)

Flip Chip-Ball Grid Array (FC-BGA) packages with build-up type organic carriers have been focused towards implementing high I/O counts and electrical performance requirements. Many products utilize 2 build up layers on 2 core layers which is a total of 6 layers with 2-2-2 structure. Three or four build up layers are utilized for higher performance requirements. It is clear that layer count reduction would improve the cost performance for the FC-BGA. This paper shows an approach, using advanced technologies, to reduce 1 build up layer from 2 build up layers product applications of the FC-BGA keeping same I/O counts, electrical performance and reliability. The power plane for simultaneous switching noise, the high speed signal integrity and the structural analysis to compare the warpage and the stress will be applied to confirm the cost performance of the approach.
The dsRNA Virus Papaya Meleira Virus and an ssRNA Virus Are Associated with Papaya Sticky Disease (2016)

Papaya sticky disease, or "meleira", is one of the major diseases of papaya in Brazil and Mexico, capable of causing complete crop loss. The causal agent of sticky disease was identified as an isometric virus with a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, named papaya meleira virus (PMeV). In the present study, PMeV dsRNA and a second RNA band of approximately 4.5 kb, both isolated from latex of papaya plants with severe symptoms of sticky disease, were deep-sequenced. The nearly complete sequence obtained for PMeV dsRNA is 8,814 nucleotides long and contains two putative ORFs; the predicted ORF1 and ORF2 display similarity to capsid proteins and RdRp's, respectively, from mycoviruses tentatively classified in the family Totiviridae. The sequence obtained for the second RNA is 4,515 nucleotides long and contains two putative ORFs. The predicted ORFs 1 and 2 display 48% and 73% sequence identity, respectively, with the corresponding proteins of papaya virus Q, an umbravirus recently described infecting papaya in Ecuador. Viral purification in a sucrose gradient allowed separation of particles containing each RNA. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that both PMeV and the second RNA virus (named papaya meleira virus 2, PMeV2) were encapsidated in particles formed by the protein encoded by PMeV ORF1. The presence of both PMeV and PMeV2 was confirmed in field plants showing typical symptoms of sticky disease. Interestingly, PMeV was detected alone in asymptomatic plants. Together, our results indicate that sticky disease is associated with double infection by PMeV and PMeV2.
Variability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation utilization for refractory adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an international survey study (2018)

A wide variability in practice patterns exist between centers performing ECPR for refractory OHCA in the US and Korea. Standardized protocols and shared research databases might inform best practices, improve outcomes, and provide a foundation for prospective studies.
A New Suboptimal Control for Cascaded Nonlinear Systems Combining the State Dependent Algebraic Riccati Equation Method and Forward Recursive Design (2000)

A new suboptimal control design technique is proposed for a class of cascaded nonlinear systems. The design is based on a forward recursive design rather than a backstepping design, and it utilizes a nonlinear tracker derived using the state-dependent algebraic Riccati equation approach. The proposed design has two features: First, it provides suboptimal performance with respect to a performance index that is defined in terms of original state and control variables and thus can be prescribed. Second, the forward recursive procedure eliminates differentiation of fictitious controls, which makes the design less conservative and much simpler in applications.
Simulation of Relative Permeability Hysteresis to the Nonwetting Phase (1981)

ABSTRACT In reservoir fluid flow, the situation described by an increase in nonwetting phase saturation followed by an increase in wetting phase saturation causes a relative permeability hysteresis effect that is well known. The imbibition relative permeability is a function of the historical maximum nonwetting phase saturation, hence there is no single imbibition curve applicable for use in reservoir modeling. This paper presents a method which allows the calculation of imbibition relative permeability starting at any saturation. The data required are the drainage curve, the historical maximum nonwetting phase saturation, and a minimum of one additional point on some corresponding experimental imbibition curve. In this development, all imbibition curves are shown to be parallel. Also significant is the fact that the residual nonwetting phase saturation can be calculated without a complete experimental specification of the imbibition curve.
Multichannel Complexity Index Analysis for Cardiovascular Dynamics associated with a Dream Recall (2020)

This study reports on a multivariate complexity assessment for cardiovascular dynamics during REM sleep leading to a dream recall. Heart rate variability, as well as systolic and diastolic time interval variability series were gathered from eight volunteers during night sleep, and were considered input of a trivariate Multichannel Complexity Index (MCI) analysis. MCI is a recently proposed index based on a multivariate phase space reconstruction accounting for the intrinsic nonlinearity of the autonomic nervous system dynamics. Results show a significant MCI decrease during REM sleep epochs followed by a dream recall as compared to those associated with no dream recall (p <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> ). This implies a lower interplay between complex cardiovascular subcomponents during dreaming, complementing current psychophysiological correlates of sleep.
Building code compliance checking using BIM technology (2011)

Building code compliance checking is a challenging task in building design, which needs to be monitored and maintained throughout the design and construction process. Existing BIM software tools are unable to explicitly rationalize how a building component or system selected by a designer affects the overall project with respect to building codes and regulations. This makes it difficult for the designer to determine when and how to adjust the design object in the case of design changes so that the overall project complies with the building codes. This paper outlines a framework for a collaborative building design environment where all project participants, during the design process, are able to keep track of the status of code compliance of their designs using BIM technology. The tool will assist designers in ensuring the code compliance in their designs and in exploring alternative building code-based designs during the design process.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Alkali-(18-Crown-6)-TCNQ Salts (1985)

Abstract Absorption spectra, ESR and static susceptibility were measured on TCNQ salts which incorporate Na+- or K+-(18-crown-6) as the cation unit. Results indicate that charge-transfer interaction between TCNQ anions is weak in the Na+ salt, whereas it is very strong in the K+ salt.
Walsh‐ordered hadamard time‐encoded pseudocontinuous ASL (WH pCASL) (2015)

Early access to perfusion-weighted images despite incomplete datasets allows dynamic adaptation of parameters and increases robustness against artifacts. Thus, the approach may be well suited for clinical applications, where pathologies demand rapid parameter adaptation and increase the chance of artifacts. Magn Reson Med 76:1814-1824, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Organization and nucleotide sequence of a densovirus genome imply a host-dependent evolution of the parvoviruses (1987)

The genome structure of a densovirus from a silkworm was determined by sequencing more than 85% of the complete genome DNA. This is the first report of the genome organization of an insect parvovirus deduced from the DNA sequence. In the viral genome, two large open reading frames designated 1 and 2 and one smaller open reading frame designated 3 were identified. The first two open reading frames shared the same strand, while the third was found in the complementary sequence. Computer analysis suggested that open reading frame 2 may encode all four structural proteins. The genome organization and a part of the nucleotide sequence were conserved among the insect densovirus, rodent parvoviruses, and a human dependovirus. These viruses may have diverged from a common ancestor.
The Effect of Temperature Anisotropy on Observations of Doppler Dimming and Pumping in the Inner Corona (1998)

Recent observations of the spectral line profiles and intensity ratio of the O VI 1032 {\AA} and 1037.6 {\AA} doublet by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), made in coronal holes below 3.5 $R_s$, provide evidence for Doppler dimming of the O VI 1037.6 {\AA} line and pumping by the chromospheric C II 1037.0182 {\AA} line. Evidence for a significant kinetic temperature anisotropy of O$^{5+}$ ions was also derived from these observations. We show in this Letter how the component of the kinetic temperature in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, for both isotropic and anisotropic temperature distributions, affects both the amount of Doppler dimming and pumping. Taking this component into account, we further show that the observation that the O VI doublet intensity ratio is less than unity can be accounted for only if pumping by C II 1036.3367 {\AA} in addition to C II 1037.0182 {\AA} is in effect. The inclusion of the C II 1036.3367 {\AA} pumping implies that the speed of the O$^{5+}$ ions can reach 400 km/s around 3 $R_s$ which is significantly higher than the reported UVCS values for atomic hydrogen in polar coronal holes. These results imply that oxygen ions flow much faster than protons at that heliocentric distance.
Megalin and Vitamin D Metabolism—Implications in Non-Renal Tissues and Kidney Disease (2022)

Megalin is an endocytic receptor abundantly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other calciotropic extrarenal cells expressing vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, such as bone and parathyroid cells. The receptor functions in the uptake of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) complexed to 25 hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>), facilitating the intracellular conversion of precursor 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> to the active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>). The significance of renal megalin-mediated reabsorption of 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> and 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> has been well established experimentally, and other studies have demonstrated relevant roles of extrarenal megalin in regulating vitamin D homeostasis in mammary cells, fat, muscle, bone, and mesenchymal stem cells. Parathyroid gland megalin may regulate calcium signaling, suggesting intriguing possibilities for megalin-mediated cross-talk between calcium and vitamin D regulation in the parathyroid; however, parathyroid megalin functionality has not been assessed in the context of vitamin D. Within various models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), megalin expression appears to be downregulated; however, contradictory results have been observed between human and rodent models. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of megalin function in the context of vitamin D metabolism, with an emphasis on extrarenal megalin, an area that clearly requires further investigation.
Design method for an automotive laser radar system and future prospects for laser radar (2003)

Presents a technical explanation of the specific procedure used in designing an automotive laser radar system. Laser radar represents an effective collision avoidance technology that can contribute to improved vehicle and traffic safety. An analysis is given of the problems involved in the practical application of laser radar and ways of overcoming them. The future prospects for automotive laser radar are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Class-Specific Kernel Discriminant Analysis Revisited: Further Analysis and Extensions (2016)

In this paper, we revisit class-specific kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) formulation, which has been applied in various problems, such as human face verification and human action recognition. We show that the original optimization problem solved for the determination of class-specific discriminant projections is equivalent to a low-rank kernel regression (LRKR) problem using training data-independent target vectors. In addition, we show that the regularized version of class-specific KDA is equivalent to a regularized LRKR problem, exploiting the same targets. This analysis allows us to devise a novel fast solution. Furthermore, we devise novel incremental, approximate and deep (hierarchical) variants. The proposed methods are tested in human facial image and action video verification problems, where their effectiveness and efficiency is shown.
Abstract T P71: Meningeal-Derived IL-6 Exacerbates Post-Stroke Inflammation and Pathology (2014)

Background: Inflammation critically contributes to post-stroke brain damage and consequently there is much interest in factors that influence stroke-induced brain inflammation. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been heralded as an important predictor of stroke outcome, however there are conflicting reports describing detrimental, beneficial and even no effects of IL-6 on stroke pathology. This has led to the suggestion that the post-stroke effects of IL-6 may be dependent on its cellular location. We report that IL-6 produced by meningeal resident mast cells (pro-inflammatory effector cells) significantly exacerbates brain inflammation and pathology after stroke. These are the first data to identify the role in stroke pathology of IL-6 derived from a specific cell type in a particular anatomic location in vivo. Methods: A mast cell (MC) ‘knock-in’ mouse model was used where MC-deficient mice (KitW/W-v) were repaired of their MC deficiency by engraftment of in-vitro-derived MCs. MCs from wild-type (WT) or IL-6 knock-out mice were engrafted into the meninges. Mice were subjected to 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain swelling and infarct size were assessed by T2-weighted MRI and histology. The immune response was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: CNS distribution analysis of MCs in wild-type and MC-engrafted mice revealed equivalent numbers of MCs in meninges in all groups but almost no MCs in brain parenchyma of the MC-engrafted groups. At 3d post-stroke, wild-type mice and MC-deficient mice engrafted with WT MCs exhibited significantly greater brain swelling, larger infarcts, and more brain granulocytes and activated macrophages than MC-deficient mice. These findings indicate that meningeal MCs exacerbate stroke outcome. In contrast, the pathology in IL6-KO MC-engrafted mice resembled that in MC-deficient mice, with significantly less brain swelling, smaller infarcts and fewer granulocytes and activated macrophages than in the WT MC-engrafted mice. This indicates that MC-secreted IL-6 contributes importantly to the detrimental effects of MCs. Conclusions: IL-6 produced by mast cells in the meninges is detrimental to stroke outcome. Thus, intrathecal targeting of meningeal inflammation may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke.
Broadband frequency tripler design at 40–60 GHz (2016)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of broadband frequency tripler in U-band (40-60 GHz) using anti-parallel beam lead Schottky barrier diodes MGS901 from Aeroflex Metelics. The whole circuit is constructed on suspended stripline technology and mounted in a waveguide block that includes matching elements in the input side. The circuit design, simulation and optimization of frequency tripler are carried out using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and ADS (Advanced Design System) based on co-simulation technique. The measured conversion loss varies from 17-28 dB in 40-60 GHz band at an input power of 15 dBm. The lowest measured conversion loss is 17 dB at 40 GHz and the highest is 28 dB at 51 GHz, 54 GHz and 60 GHz. This circuit can be used in point-to-point mobile backhaul network, low power short range communication system, airborne communication, distribution of video streaming around home and telemedicine.
Biosynthese von Erythromycin (1991)

Wie die Natur auf den ersten Blick hochkomplizierte Verbindungen wie Erythromycin A synthetisiert, dieses Geheimnis zu lüften, ist man in jüngster Zeit ein gutes Stück vorangekommen. Polyketide, zu denen auch Erythromycin A gehört, werden von Polyketid‐Synthasen (PKS) auf ähnlichem Weg wie Fettsäuren synthetisiert. Allerdings ist die Erythromycin‐PKS ein Riesenprotein, das kovalent verknüpft (Kassetten/Modul‐Organisation) viele Enzymaktivitäten enthält. An diesem Riesenprotein werden die Molekülgerüste in mehreren Reaktionscyclen aufgebaut. magnified image
Synthesis of (±)-β-Erythroidine (2006)

A 13-step synthesis of the erythrinan alkaloid (±)-β-erythroidine is reported. A Diels-Alder cycloadditon, an intramolecular Heck cyclization and an electrocyclic ring closure are employed in the construction of the tetracyclic ring system.
Splitting chemical structure data sets for federated privacy-preserving machine learning (2021)

With the increase in applications of machine learning methods in drug design and related fields, the challenge of designing sound test sets becomes more and more prominent. The goal of this challenge is to have a realistic split of chemical structures (compounds) between training, validation and test set such that the performance on the test set is meaningful to infer the performance in a prospective application. This challenge is by its own very interesting and relevant,but is even more complex in a federated machine learning approach where multiple partners jointly train a model under privacy-preserving conditions where chemical structures must not be shared between the different participating parties in the federated learning. In this work we discuss three methods which provide a splitting of the data set and are applicable in a federated privacy-preserving setting, namely: a. locality-sensitive hashing (LSH), b. sphere exclusion clustering, c. scaffold-based binning (scaffold network). For evaluation of these splitting methods we consider the following quality criteria: bias in prediction performance, label and data imbalance, distance of the test set compounds to the training set and compare them to a random splitting. The main findings of the paper are a. both sphere exclusion clustering and scaffold-based binning result in high quality splitting of the data sets, b. in terms of compute costs sphere exclusion clustering is very expensive in the case of federated privacy-preserving setting.
Recent NASA/GSFC cryogenic measurements of the total hemispheric emissivity of black surface preparations (2015)

High-emissivity (black) surfaces are commonly used on deep-space radiators and thermal radiation absorbers in test chambers. Since 2011 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has measured the total hemispheric emissivity of such surfaces from 20 to 300 K using a test apparatus inside a small laboratory cryostat. We report the latest data from these measurements, including Aeroglaze Z307 paint, Black Kapton, and a configuration of painted aluminum honeycomb that was not previously tested. We also present the results of batch-to- batch reproducibility studies in Ball Infrared BlackTM and painted aluminum honeycomb. Finally, we describe a recently-adopted temperature control method which significantly speeds the data acquisition, and we discuss efforts to reduce the noise in future data.