gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of NLRP12 during the In Vivo Host Immune Response to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2013)

The majority of nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeats-containing (NLR) family members has yet to be functionally characterized. Of the described NLRs, most are considered to be proinflammatory and facilitate IL-1β production. However, a newly defined sub-group of NLRs that function as negative regulators of inflammation have been identified based on their abilities to attenuate NF-κB signaling. NLRP12 (Monarch-1) is a prototypical member of this sub-group that negatively regulates both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling in biochemical assays and in colitis and colon cancer models. The role of NLRP12 in infectious diseases has not been extensively studied. Here, we characterized the innate immune response of Nlrp12(-/-) mice following airway exposure to LPS, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In response to E. coli LPS, Nlrp12(-/-) mice showed a slight decrease in IL-1β and increase in IL-6 production, but these levels were not statistically significant. During K. pneumoniae infection, we observed subtle differences in cytokine levels and significantly reduced numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes in Nlrp12(-/-) mice. However, the physiological relevance of these findings is unclear as no overt differences in the development of lung disease were observed in the Nlrp12(-/-) mice. Likewise, Nlrp12(-/-) mice demonstrated pathologies similar to those observed in the wild type mice following M. tuberculosis infection. Together, these data suggest that NLRP12 does not significantly contribute to the in vivo host innate immune response to LPS stimulation, Klebsiella pneumonia infection or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Effect of Nanopore Size Distributions on Trichloroethylene Adsorption and Desorption on Carbogenic Adsorbents (1998)

Two carbon adsorbents, Ambersorb-600 and Ambersorb-563 (A-600 and A-563), were compared for vapor-phase trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption from humid air streams. These adsorbents retained capacity for TCE in humid environments and were regenerable in situ. Enhanced desorption, and hence, increased working capacities, were achieved with bimodal pore size distributions and hydrophobic surface chemistry. Vapor-phase TCE isotherms confirmed that both of these adsorbents have high capacities for TCE. Only a small difference between the micropore size distributions of A-563 and A-600 was determined by room-temperature methyl chloride adsorption and the modified Horvath−Kawazoe model. Besides differences in particle size and pore volume there was a measurable, but small change, in the fraction of the pores in the ultramicropore range (5 Å or smaller) of the A-600 adsorbent versus that of A-563. In packed-bed breakthrough curve experiments, A-600 displayed a sharper mass-transfer zone than A-563, but maintained essentially the same capacity for TCE in a humid environment. Both materials were amenable to in-situ regeneration, and the A-600 a provided higher overall working capacity than that of A-563.
Comparison of the Effect of Interactive versus Passive Virtual Reality Learning Activities in Evoking and Sustaining Conceptual Change (2017)

The key question we address is whether interactivity in a virtual environment (VE) impacts conceptual learning. We developed a Virtual Reality (VR) application to simulate a playground, in which children had to engage in tasks that required solving arithmetical fractions problems. Fifty (50) children were tested in an empirical study with different conditions that varied the levels of interactivity and immersion, from a fully interactive to a non-immersive and non-interactive activity with LEGOs. A methodological framework, where quantitative and qualitative analyses complement each other, was developed to analyze children's activity. Our findings from the quantitative analysis showed that participants in the VEs seemed to have a greater overall gain than those that did not perform the activity in VR but did not clarify whether interactivity in the VE was the defining factor in this gain. The qualitative analysis indicated that it was the “passive” VR condition which provided evidence of sustained conceptual change. With countless educational VR applications becoming available nowadays to the public due to VR's recent resurgence in prominence through inexpensive headsets, the study of the effect of VE attributes, such as interactivity, is timely.
EFFECTS OF INITIAL FLOW CONDITIONS ON PRIMARY BREAKUP OF NONTURBULENT AND TURBULENT ROUND LIQUID JETS (1995)

The effects of initial flow conditions on the primary breakup of nonturbulent and turbulent round liquid jets in still gases was studied experimentally. Pressure-atomized jets were provided by a piston/cylinder arrangement followed by a converging passage to yield a nonturbulent flow. The degree of flow development at the jet exit was controlled by removing the boundary layer formed along the converging passage, and providing constant-diameter passages of various lengths after boundary-layer removal. Test conditions included water, n-heptane, and various glycerol mixtures injected into helium, air, and Freon 12 at pressures of 1 and 2 atm, to yield liquid/gas density ratios in the range 104−7240. Pulsed photography and holography were used to observe the liquid surface prior to primary breakup. The results highlight the importance of liquid vorticity at the jet exit on primary breakup at these conditions: Experiments with nearly vorticity-free exit conditions (passage length/diameter ratio, L/d = 0.15) caused primary breakup to be suppressed, yielding stable liquid jets similar to those used in liquid jet cutting processes. In contrast, larger L/d at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers caused transition to turbulent jets having wrinkled surfaces prior to primary breakup by the turbulent primary breakup mechanism. A breakup regime map was developed, yielding behavior in the turbulent primary breakup regime for L/d > 4−6 and passage Reynolds numbers > 1−4 × 104. Within the turbulent primary breakup regime, conditions for the onset of breakup and the evolution of drop sizes with distance from the jet exit were relatively independent of L/d for values up to 212. Finally, a new correlation for drop sizes after primary breakup at nonturbulent conditions (but with laminar boundary layers present along the passage wall) was developed, based on consideration of boundary-layer thicknesses at the jet exit.
Parathyroid hormone treatment can reverse corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. (1998)

Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis. We conducted a 12-mo, randomized clinical trial of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) in postmenopausal women (mean age was 63 yr) with osteoporosis who were taking corticosteroids and hormone replacement therapy. Response to the treatment was assessed with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar spine by quantitative computed tomography (QCT); BMD measurements of the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); and biochemical markers of bone turnover. The mean (+/-SE) changes in BMD of the lumbar spine by QCT and DXA in the PTH group were 35+/-5.5% and 11+/-1.4%, respectively, compared with a relatively small change of 1.7+/-1.8% and 0+/-0.9% in the estrogen-only group. The differences in mean percentage between the groups at 1 yr were 33.5% for the lumbar spine by QCT (P < 0.001) and 9.8% for the lumbar spine by DXA (P < 0.001). The changes in the hip and forearm were not significantly different between or within the groups. During the first 3 mo of PTH treatment, markers of bone formation increased to nearly 150%, whereas markers of bone resorption increased only 100%, suggesting an early uncoupling of bone turnover in favor of formation. These results suggest that parathyroid hormone dramatically increases bone mass in the central skeleton of postmenopausal women with corticosteroid- induced osteoporosis who are taking hormone replacement.
A Procedural Knowledge Approach to Task-level Control (1996)

Effective task-level control is critical for robots that are to engage in purposeful activity in realworld environments. This paper describes PRSLite, a task-level controller grounded in a procedural knowledge approach to action description. The controller embodies much of the philosophy that underlies the Procedural Reasoning System (PRS) but in a minimalist fashion. Several features of PRS-Lite distinguish it from its predecessor, including a richer goal semantics and a generalized control regime. Both of these features are critical for supporting the management of continuous processes employed in current-generation robots. PRS-Lite has been used extensively as a task-level controller for a robot whose underlying behaviors are implemented as fuzzy rules. Tasks to which it has been applied include vision-based tracking, autonomous exploration, and complex delivery scenarios. Introduction In recent years, there has been a convergence of design methodologies for certain aspects of rob...
Data from Identification of the <i>IFITM</i> Family as a New Molecular Marker in Human Colorectal Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We analyzed the expression profiles of intestinal adenomas from a new murine familial adenomatous polyposis model (Apc&lt;sup&gt;Δ14/+&lt;/sup&gt;) using suppression subtractive hybridization to identify novel diagnostic markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. We identified 18 candidate genes having increased expression levels in the adenoma. Subsequent Northern blotting, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization analysis confirmed their induction in β-catenin-activated epithelial cells of murine adenomas. We showed that most of the genes also have altered expression levels in human colonic adenomas and carcinomas. We focused on the &lt;i&gt;IFITM&lt;/i&gt; genes that encode IFN-inducible transmembrane proteins. Serial analyses of gene expression levels revealed high levels of expression in early and late intestinal neoplasm in both mice and humans. Using a conditional mouse model of Apc inactivation and a human colon carcinoma cell line, we showed that &lt;i&gt;IFITM&lt;/i&gt; gene expression is rapidly induced after activation of the β-catenin signaling. Using a large-scale analysis of human tumors, we showed that &lt;i&gt;IFITM&lt;/i&gt; gene expression is significantly up-regulated specifically in colorectal tumors and thus may be a useful diagnostic tool in these tumors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1949-55)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Control of Taper Shape in Micro-Hole Machining by Micro-EDM (2005)

When a micro hole is machined by EDM with a cylindrical electrode, the hole diameter is different at the inlet and the outlet of the micro hole. The taper shape of the micro hole is caused by not only wear of the electrode but the eroded particles. The eroded particles cause secondary discharge during machining the micro hole. As a result, the diameter of the inlet becomes larger than that of the outlet. In this paper, a new method is proposed to reduce the difference in diameter between the inlet and the outlet of the hole. Observed was that the feed depth and machining time affect the formation of taper shape On this experimental basis, ultrasonic vibration was applied to reduce machining time, and capacitance was changed during machining to use the difference in discharging energy of different capacitances. Using the proposed method, a straight micro-hole was fabricated.
Clinical Characterisation at Onset of Childhood Psoriasis – A Cross Sectional Study in Sweden (2015)

Epidemiological data in childhood psoriasis are accumulating. However, reliable information captured at onset is lacking. In a cross sectional study we recruited 109 children < 16 years within 12 months of psoriasis onset and explored the clinical characteristics. Pre-pubertal children, especially boys, more often had inverse involvement (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 7.1, p ≤ 0.05). HLA-C*06 was positively associated with facial lesions (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5, 9.7, p < 0.01) and guttate phenotype and was more common in pubertal children. A high PASI score was not associated with overweight or early age at onset, and gender did not influence disease onset. Psoriasis can be difficult to diagnose in children, especially in pre-pubertals. Thorough examination of facial and genital areas can help in establishing the diagnosis. Our published genetic data in combination with the clinical findings presented herein indicate that puberty may separate different populations of childhood psoriasis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl CH Activation and Tandem ortho‐Hydroxylation/Alkoxylation of 2‐Aryl Benzimidazoles: Cytotoxicity and DNA‐Binding Studies (2013)

Abstract An efficient regio‐selective aryl CH activation and tandem o‐ hydroxylation method for 2‐arylbenzimidazoles has been developed by using a Pd(OAc) 2 /oxone/Cs 2 CO 3 catalytic system. This reaction was successfully optimized by using various catalysts, oxidants, bases, and solvents to achieve the desired products in good yields. Further, preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted to examine the source of oxygen for this transformation. Gratifyingly, this catalytic system is also suitable for the introduction of various alkoxy groups, and delivered the products in good yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in selected human cancer cell lines. Some of the representative compounds ( 1 f , 2 f , 3 f and 4 f ) have significant IC 50 values ranging from 1–10 μ M . Structure‐activity relationship studies indicate that in these compounds the ethoxy substituent is probably responsible for the improved activity. In addition, the DNA‐binding potential of these compounds was also investigated by UV/vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Report for the Sixth Meeting of the International Society for Zinc Biology (ISZB-2019) (2020)

The sixth meeting of the International Society for Zinc Biology (ISZB-2019) was held on September 9-13, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. The meeting attracted 215 participants, had four plenary speakers, ten scientific symposia, two oral sessions, and one poster discussion session. In this chapter, we describe the outcomes and events of this very successful meeting.
Structure of dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (2009)

Dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase composed of a kinase domain and a coiled-coil domain involved in the multimerization. The crystal structure of the kinase domain of DMPK bound to the inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide VIII (BIM-8) revealed a dimeric enzyme associated by a conserved dimerization domain. The affinity of dimerisation suggested that the kinase domain alone is insufficient for dimerisation in vivo and that the coiled-coil domains are required for stable dimer formation. The kinase domain is in an active conformation, with a fully-ordered and correctly positioned alphaC helix, and catalytic residues in a conformation competent for catalysis. The conserved hydrophobic motif at the C-terminal extension of the kinase domain is bound to the N-terminal lobe of the kinase domain, despite being unphosphorylated. Differences in the arrangement of the C-terminal extension compared to the closely related Rho-associated kinases include an altered PXXP motif, a different conformation and binding arrangement for the turn motif, and a different location for the conserved NFD motif. The BIM-8 inhibitor occupies the ATP site and has similar binding mode as observed in PDK1.
A Cancer-Specific Variant of the SLCO1B3 Gene Encodes a Novel Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) Localized Mainly in the Cytoplasm of Colon and Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2012)

OATP1B3 is a member of the OATP (organic anion transporting polypeptides) superfamily, responsible for mediating the transport of numerous endogenous and xenobiotic substances. Although initially reported to be exclusively expressed in the liver, several studies reported that OATP1B3 is frequently expressed in multiple types of cancers and may be associated with differing clinical outcomes. However, a detailed investigation on the expression and function of OATP1B3 protein in cancer has been lacking. In this study, we confirmed that colon and pancreatic cancer cells express variant forms of OATP1B3, different from OATP1B3 wild-type (WT) expressed in the normal liver. OATP1B3 variant 1 (V1), the most prevalent form among the variants, contains alternative exonic sequences (exon 2a) instead of exons 1 and 2 present in OATP1B3 WT. The translated product of OATP1B3 V1 is almost identical to OATP1B3 WT, with exception to the first 28 amino acids at the N-terminus. Exogenous expression of OATP1B3 V1 revealed that OATP1B3 V1 undergoes post-translational modifications and proteasomal degradation to a differing extent compared to OATP1B3 WT. OATP1B3 V1 showed only modest transport activity toward cholecystokin-8 (CCK-8, a prototype OATP1B3 substrate) in contrast to OATP1B3 WT showing a markedly efficient uptake of CCK-8. Consistent with these results, OATP1B3 V1 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm with a much lower extent of trafficking to the surface membrane compared to OATP1B3 WT. In summary, our results demonstrate that colon and pancreatic cancer cells express variant forms of OATP1B3 with only limited transport activity and different subcellular localization compared to OATP1B3 WT. These observed differences at the molecular and functional levels will be important considerations for further investigations of the biological and clinical significance of OATP1B3 expression in cancer.
Hepatolithiasis-epidemiology and pathogenesis update (2003)

Hepatolithiasis or intrahepatic calculi are prevalent in East Asia, including Japan, but occurs much less frequently in Western countries. Hepatolithiasis appears mostly as brown pigment stones (calcium bilirubinate stones) but contain more cholesterol in composition. The disease is characterized by its intractable nature and frequent recurrence, requiring multiple operative interventions, in distinct contrast to gallbladder cholesterol or black pigment stones. Moreover, the most unfavorable complication of the disease is an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In view of the lack of information on the pathogenesis, a multidisciplinary approach has been carried out through the Hepatolithiasis Research Group organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. In this review, the up-to-date data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, potential medical treatments targeting pathogenetic molecules, which may be important for the etiological process of gallstone formation, are introduced as future therapeutic options for the disease.
Host Preference of Culicoides spp from Israel Based on Sensory Organs and Morphometry (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) (2012)

Host preference determines which host will be bitten and therefore potentially be infected with vectored pathogenic microorganisms by hematophagous arthropods such as Culicoides. In Israel, the feeding behavior of 8 out of 60 Culicoides species was confirmed by using the precipitin tests. In the present study several morphometric parameters, which characterize bird and mammal feeders were used. By means of the number of antennomer bearing sensilla coeloconica, the following fourteen probable mammal feeders could be detected: Culicoides derisor, Culicoides fagineus, Culicoides fascipennis, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides montanus, Culicoides newsteadi, Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides pulicaris, Culicoides punctatus, Culicoides puncticollis, Culicoides schultzei group, Culicoides shaklawensis, Culicoides pallidicornis, and Culicoides vitreipennis. In addition, the following eighteen probable bird feeders were identified: Culicoides begueti, Culicoides brunnicans, Culicoides cataneii, Culicoides circumscriptus, Culicoides kibunensis, Culicoides distinctipennis, Culicoides gejgelensis, Culicoides haranti, Culicoides indistinctus, Culicoides odiatus, Culicoides maritimus, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides pseudopallidus, Culicoides griseidorsum, Culicoides sejfadinei, Culicoides simulator and Culicoides univittatus. The probable bird feeders possessed a significantly larger third palpal segment. The values of the antennal ratio in probable feeders on birds were significantly higher than those in probable mammal feeders. The number of bulb-shaped sensilla in the pit of the third palpal segment was found unreliable for determining host groups.
How Pt Influences H2 Reactions on High Surface-Area Pt/CeO2 Powder Catalyst Surfaces (2023)

The addition of platinum-group metals (PGMs, e.g., Pt) to CeO<sub>2</sub> is used in heterogeneous catalysis to promote the rate of redox surface reactions. Well-defined model system studies have shown that PGMs facilitate H<sub>2</sub> dissociation, H-spillover onto CeO<sub>2</sub> surfaces, and CeO<sub>2</sub> surface reduction. However, it remains unclear how the heterogeneous structures and interfaces that exist on powder catalysts influence the mechanistic picture of PGM-promoted H<sub>2</sub> reactions on CeO<sub>2</sub> surfaces developed from model system studies. Here, controlled catalyst synthesis, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), in situ infrared spectroscopy (IR), and in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to interrogate the mechanisms of how Pt nanoclusters and single atoms influence H<sub>2</sub> reactions on high-surface area Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> powder catalysts. TPR showed that Pt promotes H<sub>2</sub> consumption rates on Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> even when Pt exists on a small fraction of CeO<sub>2</sub> particles, suggesting that H-spillover proceeds far from Pt-CeO<sub>2</sub> interfaces and across CeO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> particle interfaces. IR and EELS measurements provided evidence that Pt changes the mechanism of H<sub>2</sub> activation and the rate limiting step for Ce<sup>3+</sup>, oxygen vacancy, and water formation as compared to pure CeO<sub>2</sub>. As a result, higher-saturation surface hydroxyl coverages can be achieved on Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> compared to pure CeO<sub>2</sub>. Further, Ce<sup>3+</sup> formed by spillover-H from Pt is heterogeneously distributed and localized at and around interparticle CeO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> boundaries, while activated H<sub>2</sub> on pure CeO<sub>2</sub> results in homogeneously distributed Ce<sup>3+</sup>. Ce<sup>3+</sup> localization at and around CeO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> boundaries for Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> is accompanied by surface reconstruction that enables faster rates of H<sub>2</sub> consumption. This study reconciles the materials gap between model structures and powder catalysts for H<sub>2</sub> reactions with Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> and highlights how the spatial heterogeneity of powder catalysts dictates the influence of Pt on H<sub>2</sub> reactions at CeO<sub>2</sub> surfaces.
Plasmon assisted photon avalanche (Conference Presentation) (2023)

Photon avalanche is one of the anti-Stokes upconversion processes characterized by highly nonlinear response of the emission intensity to excitation power density changes. By exceeding the critical pumping power threshold, even minute increase of this power results in a steep increase (by 2-3 orders of magnitude) of the emission intensity. While photon avalanche has been observed in bulk materials since 80-ties, it was reported in thulium-doped nanocrystals only recently, enabling to use them for single excitation beam super-resolution imaging. In current work we explore new perspectives for nanoscale avalanche phenomenon by combining the avalanching materials with plasmonically active metallic nanostructures.