gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Sequence Map for Interpreting the Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Lithium-Ion Batteries With LiNixCoyMnzO2 Cathode (2018)

Thermal runaway is one of the key failure reasons for the lithium-ion batteries. The potential of thermal runaway in applications increases when the industry starts to use high energy LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode. The thermal runaway mechanism is still unclear, because the side reactions are complex. Heat generation during thermal runaway can be caused by the decomposition of individual cell components, or by interactive reactions between multiple components. This paper tries to comb the heat sources during thermal runaway using a novel method named the “Time Sequence Map” (TSM). The TSM tracks the heat sources according to the notion of thermodynamic systems. The thermodynamic system means a combination of materials that stay and react together, and generate heat independently without interruptions from other thermodynamic systems. With the help of the defined thermodynamic systems, researchers will be rescued from being trapped in the complex reactions, and the heat sources during thermal runaway can be clearly explained from bottom up. The thermal runaway results for two battery samples demonstrate the validity of the TSM. The TSM shows the heat sources including that: 1) fire, 2) internal short circuit, 3) oxidation-reduction reaction between the cathode and anode, etc. The contributions for the heat sources to the thermal runaway are further discussed. Conclusions come to: 1) the major heat source is the oxidation-reduction reaction; 2) the fire releases lots of heat, but most of the heat is not to heat the cell itself; 3) the internal short circuit is critical to trigger the oxidation-reduction reaction; 4) the internal short circuit is not the major heat source that heat the cell to 800℃ or higher; 5) the oxidation-reduction reaction is triggered when the temperature reaches a critical temperature. The TSM helps depict the frontiers in the researches of battery thermal runaway. It suggests that we focus on: 1) the relationship between internal short circuit and thermal runaway; 2) the mechanism of the oxidation-reduction reaction between the cathode and anode; 3) the detailed reaction mechanisms for a specific thermodynamic system within the cell.
The Synthesis and Photoluminescence of M[sup II]M[sub 2][sup III](S,Se)[sub 4] (1974)

The compositions , In were prepared by reaction of the elements in evacuated silica tubes with iodine as a mineralizer. All members except , which is cubic, exhibit the pseudo‐orthorhombic type structure. They are high resistivity p‐type semiconductors; they exhibit Eu+2‐activated fluorescence which varies from red to blue as the electropositive character of the cations increase. Fluorescence activated by Yb+2 is seen at low temperature. Studies were made of the fluorescence decay lifetimes, temperature dependence, excitation spectra, and optical adsorption of : Eu in order to relate the Eu+2‐activated fluorescence to the host bandgap. It is concluded that the most efficient phosphors are those in which the Eu+2 excited states lie farthest from the fundamental edge.
Design of an O-Band Polarization Insensitive SOAs on IMOS for High-Performance Optical Switches (2021)

We report the design of a polarization-insensitive SOA in IMOS-platform with worst-case polarization sensitivity of 0.8 dB over 60 nm bandwidth and 26 dB input power range. 500 μm-long SOA provides 21 dB peak gain.
Isolated Cerebral Phycomycosis Presenting as Focal Encephalitis (1985)

A patient with features of a focal encephalitis was found to have isolated cerebral phycomycosis. No risk factors for phycomycosis were present, and the diagnosis was made by brain biopsy.
Improved Uniform-Field Electrode Profiles for TEA Laser and High-Voltage Applications (1973)

Simple analytic formulas that can be used to design a finite width uniform-field electrode for any desired aspect ratio and field uniformity are derived. The resulting profile is superior to those of Rogowski, Bruce, and Harrison in its smoothness, compactness, and field uniformity. A procedure for designing a three-dimensional profile is also given.
Accurate and Efficient Positioning of Ground Based Telescope Using Tracking Differentiator with an Adaptive Parameter (2018)

An accurate and efficient positioning method for the ground based telescope has been proposed in this paper. As the inner control loop, the speed loop can reject the total disturbance timely using a 2nd order extended state observer (ESO). Then the position loop can be easily approximated to be an I type system using the proportional controller. In order to mediate the contradiction between the speediness and overshoot in the position loop, a tracking differentiator with an adaptive parameter (ATD) has been proposed to give the transitional process for the position loop and the speed feed forward information for the speed control loop. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed ATD can easily provide a smooth position transitional process with the speed and acceleration limits which is more consistent with the response ability of the physical system. It is concluded that the proposed control algorithm displays a well control performance in a large range of position step responses of the telescope.
The progress ofproteomics in renal research (2008)

With the development of molecular biology and gene engineering knowledge technology,the research on proteomics makes much progress.Since kidney disease is a common important disease,the researches on proteomics aiming at the aspects of renal structure,function and pathophysiologic were increasingly paid more attention.In this review,we gave an overview about a number of available techniques in proteomics,and the main progress of application of these techniques in renal proteomics domain of kidney structure,function and molecule tumor marker.
Shape of Water–Air Interface beneath a Drop on a Superhydrophobic Surface Revealed: Constant Curvature That Approaches Zero (2013)

The 3D interface between a sessile water drop that is found on a superhydrophobic microtextured surface has been directly imaged using a confocal microscope with an immersion lens. The local mean curvature of the water–air interface was derived and was shown to be constant and close to zero not only for the case of pure water, but also for cases of variable drop density and surface tension. Although the mean curvature is constant and close to zero, the standard deviation on the mean curvature increases with increasing drop density and lower surface tension. The resulting 3D image of the water–air interface at the bottom of a water drop demonstrates the possibility of investigating practical interfaces of water on given textures and confirms that no matter what the superhydrophobic surface characteristics are, the interface remains with a constant curvature of close to zero.
Effect of 1‐aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid on N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐stimulated [3H]‐noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal synaptosomes (1996)

1. The effect of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACPC), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex that exhibits neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant-like actions, was investigated in a functional assay for presynaptic NMDA receptors. 2. NMDA (100 microM) produced a 36% increase of tritium efflux above basal efflux in rat hippocampal synaptosomes preincubated with [3H]-noradrenaline ([3H]-NA), reflecting a release of tritiated noradrenaline. This effect was prevented by 10 microM 7-chlorokynurenic acid, an antagonist of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. 3. Glycine enhanced the effect of NMDA with Emax and EC50 values of 84 +/- 11% and 1.82 +/- 0.04 microM, respectively. ACPC potentiated the effect of NMDA on tritium overflow with a lower EC50 (43 +/- 6 nM) and a lower maximal effect (Emax = 40 +/- 9%) than glycine. Furthermore, ACPC (0.1 microM) shifted the EC50 of glycine from 1.82 microM to > or = 3 mM. 4. These results show that ACPC can reduce the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-evoked [3H]-NA release and hence, may act as an antagonist at the glycine site of presynaptic hippocampal NMDA receptors when the concentration of glycine is high.
Intracellular calcium stores in Toxoplasma gondii govern invasion of host cells (2003)

Invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii is accompanied by secretion of parasite proteins that occurs coincident with increases in intracellular calcium. The source of calcium mobilized by the parasite and the signals that promote calcium increase remain largely undefined. We demonstrate here that intracellular stores of calcium in the parasite were both necessary and sufficient to support microneme secretion, motility and invasion of host cells. In contrast, host cell calcium was largely unaltered during parasite entry and not essential for this process. During parasite motility, cytosolic calcium levels underwent dramatic and rapid fluxes as imaged using the calcium indicator fluo-4 and time-lapse microscopy. Surprisingly, intracellular calcium in the parasite cytosol was rapidly quenched during the initial stages of host cell invasion, suggesting that while it is needed to initiate motility, it is not required to complete entry. These studies indicate that intracellular calcium stores govern secretion and motility by T. gondii and that the essential role of calcium in these events explains its requirement for cell entry.
Identification of stem cells during prepubertal spermatogenesis via monitoring of nucleostemin promoter activity (2009)

Abstract The nucleostemin (NS) gene encodes a nucleolar protein found at high levels in several types of stem cells and tumor cell lines. The function of NS is unclear but it may play a critical role in S-phase entry by stem/progenitor cells. Here we characterize NS expression in murine male germ cells. Although NS protein was highly expressed in the nucleoli of all primordial germ cells, only a limited number of gonocytes showed NS expression in neonatal testes. In adult testes, NS protein was expressed at high levels in the nucleoli of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes but at only low levels in round spermatids. To evaluate the properties of cells expressing high levels of NS, we generated transgenic reporter mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the NS promoter (NS-GFP Tg mice). In adult NS-GFP Tg testes, GFP and endogenous NS protein expression were correlated in spermatogonia and spermatocytes but GFP was also ectopically expressed in elongated spermatids and sperm. In testes of NS-GFP Tg embryos, neonates, and 10-day-old pups, however, GFP expression closely coincided with endogenous NS expression in developing germ cells. In contrast to a previous report, our results support the existence in neonatal testes of spermatogonial stem cells with long-term repopulating capacity. Furthermore, our data show that NS expression does not correlate with cell-cycle status during prepuberty, and that strong NS expression is essential for the maintenance of germline stem cell proliferation capacity. We conclude that NS is a marker of undifferentiated status in the germ cell lineage during prepubertal spermatogenesis. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Traction apophysitis of the medial malleolus (2016)

Traction apophysitis of the accessory ossification center of the medial malleolus is infrequently reported. Traction apophysitis of both the accessory ossification centers of medial malleoli is very rare. This entity is also reported as osteochondrosis of medial malleolus in literature. We present a case of traction apophysitis of accessory ossification centers of both the medial malleoli in an 11-year-old boy of Indian origin, who presented with pain and swelling over both the ankle with plano-valgus deformity of feet. His imaging revealed fragmented accessory ossification center of medial malleoli on both the sides. He was treated non-operatively and followed through one year to see the eventual fate.
FGF23, hypophosphatemia, and rickets: Has phosphatonin been found? (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
High-Resolution Topography Analysis on Threading Edge Dislocations in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2008)

Threading edge dislocations (TEDs) in a 4H-SiC epitaxial layer are investigated using high-resolution synchrotron topography. Six types of TED image are confirmed to correspond to the Burgers vector directions by a comparison of computer simulated images and observed topography images in crystal boundaries. Using a mapping method, a wide spatial distribution of the six types of TED is examined in a quarter section of a 2-inch wafer.
Effect of two-microphone noise reduction on speech recognition by normal-hearing listeners. (1987)

An idealized 2-channel noise reducing adaptive filter of the type developed by Widrow requires that one channel contain noise only and that the microphones be fixed in position relative to the signal and noise sources. These conditions are unlikely to be met in a wearable hearing aid. In a typical situation, the microphones will be mounted in close proximity on a moving head in a room that is moderately reverberant. Experimental data have been obtained showing that, despite these deviations from the ideal conditions, significant improvements in speech intelligibility can be obtained using 2-channel adaptive filtering.
Re-Visioning Psychology in the Writing Class (1996)

T he awe I felt reading Greek mythology when I was a child is still with me today. I marvel at the characters and the insights into human behavior that these s tories depict. The ancient Greeks were profound psychologists, their stories always probing psychological depths. For them psychology meant some­ thing different than i t does for us; the logic or discourse of (a literal trans­ lation of the word psychology) was not an abstract system of thought but was grounded in poetic figures and mythic tales. These myths have not lost their ab il ity to move us through thei r archetypal power because they express and embody soul. Soul is rooted in the main ground of the Western educational tradition, extending from the Greeks through the Renaissance and the Romantics to depth psychology and beyond. An admittedly difficult and elusive term, soul nonethe­ less resounds in discussions of the purpose and goals of education. In Book VII of The Republic Plato wrote that soul was the heart of education, positing that all learning is a kind of recovery of that clarity of perception characteristic of child­ hood. Philosophers and psychologists as diverse as Emerson, Whitehead, Dewey, Jung, and Bruner have all intimated a mutual relationship between education and the cultivation of soul. For a stunning range of writers, soul is that center of organized power, of desire, of feeling, of awareness, of freedom, of choice. Con­ sidered this way, it seems somewhat redundant to speak of bringing soul back to the classroom; it already is in the c lassroom; it just isn ' t often acknowledged. Because teaching writing always involves interpersonal relationships, student motivation, personal histories, and other psychological insistences that shape awareness and foster learning, it seems worthwhile to reconsider-or re-vision­ psychology in the writing class. James Hillman's work in archetypal psychology helps us do that. I first became interested in Hillman's work while studying poetry in graduate school, discovering in his penetrating examination of the imaginative life and his rich description of archetypes a language to interpret the complexity of the psyche.
Speaker Segmentation and Adaptation for Speech Recognition on Multiple-Speaker Audio Conference Data (2007)

In this paper, we address the problem of how to improve the automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance on audio conference data by speaker segmentation and speaker adaptation. A new speaker segmentation method is proposed, where the speaker turns and speaker labels are automatically determined. For speaker adaptation, we use Vocal Tract Length Normalization and Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression. On a corpus of multi-speaker teleconferences, the word error rate of the ASR system improves over 4% absolute.
Proving Distributed Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks by Combining Refinement and Local Computations (2018)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in critical applications (health-care, transport, volcanic eruption monitoring, etc.). Any design error in WSN algorithms can be harmful for the human's life. Therefore, we should be sure that WSN algorithms work correctly from the very first design stages. In this paper, we propose a new approach combining local computations models and refinement to prove correctness of distributed algorithms for WSNs. We use the formal method Event-B to apply refinement. In fact, local computations models provide abstract description of computations which can be easily specified with Event-B. We illustrate our approach by an example of distributed algorithm for WSN.
The Inaugural Brooklyn Lecture on International Business Law: “ISDS: The Wild, Wild West of International Practice” (2018)

The lecture was delivered on April 3, 2018 at Brooklyn Law School and was sponsored by the Dennis J. Block Center for the Study of International Business Law and the Brooklyn Journal of International Law.
A Broadband mm-Wave and Terahertz Traveling-Wave Frequency Multiplier on CMOS (2011)

A wideband frequency multiplier that effectively generates and combines the even harmonics from multiple transistors is proposed. It takes advantage of standing-wave formation and loss cancellation in a distributed structure to generate high amplitude signals resulting in high harmonic power. Wide bandwidth operation and odd harmonic cancellation around the center frequency are the inherent properties of this frequency multiplier. Using this methodology, we implemented a frequency doubler that operates from 220 GHz to 275 GHz in a standard 65 nm CMOS process. Output power of 6.6 dBm (0.22 mW) and conversion loss of 11.4 dB are measured at 244 GHz.
Altered Insulin Receptor Signalling and β-Cell Cycle Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

Insulin resistance, reduced β-cell mass, and hyperglucagonemia are consistent features in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We used pancreas and islets from humans with T2DM to examine the regulation of insulin signaling and cell-cycle control of islet cells. We observed reduced β-cell mass and increased α-cell mass in the Type 2 diabetic pancreas. Confocal microscopy, real-time PCR and western blotting analyses revealed increased expression of PCNA and down-regulation of p27-Kip1 and altered expression of insulin receptors, insulin receptor substrate-2 and phosphorylated BAD. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these findings, we examined a mouse model of insulin resistance in β-cells--which also exhibits reduced β-cell mass, the β-cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (βIRKO). Freshly isolated islets and β-cell lines derived from βIRKO mice exhibited poor cell-cycle progression, nuclear restriction of FoxO1 and reduced expression of cell-cycle proteins favoring growth arrest. Re-expression of insulin receptors in βIRKO β-cells reversed the defects and promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation implying a role for insulin-signaling in β-cell growth. These data provide evidence that human β- and α-cells can enter the cell-cycle, but proliferation of β-cells in T2DM fails due to G1-to-S phase arrest secondary to defective insulin signaling. Activation of insulin signaling, FoxO1 and proteins in β-cell-cycle progression are attractive therapeutic targets to enhance β-cell regeneration in the treatment of T2DM.
Multicomponent reactions of isocyanides in the synthesis of heterocycles (2010)

The latest achievements in the field of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles are generalized. The attention is focused on the intramolecular Ugi reactions of oxocarboxylic acids and the reactions of diaza nucleophiles developed in recent years. The data on the biological activities of the products are presented and the advantages of this method as a convenient and effective tool of medicinal chemistry are demonstrated.
Convective Pattern Deformations under Mean Flow Stress (1987)

We study experimentally the influence of a horizontal flow upon a unidimensional Rayleigh-Bénard roll chain. We show that it produces a roll diameter gradient proportional to the flow rate. Very small flow rates are sufficient to induce big changes in the roll diameters. This effect provides a way of locally obtaining roll diameters which are very different from the critical value, and even of observing a localized instability related to the Eckhaus instability. We can well describe those results by including an advection term in the phase diffusion equation.
El Bachillerato en la reforma experimental de las enseñanzas medias (1985-1991) (2011)

Monografico con el titulo: 'Ser bachiller ayer y hoy'. Resumen basado en el de la publicacion
Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow Device Impingement in the Subclavian Position: A Case Report (2015)

This case suggests that costoclavicular impingement should be considered as a mode of outflow failure with the HeRO outflow component in the subclavian position. Other central venous access points should be considered first, and the central veins accessed through the lower extremities are possible alternatives if this failure mode was to arise. First rib resection would also be a viable strategy to relieve impingement at this site.
Guest Editorial Applications of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine (1974)

Exciting developments are underway in x-ray, radio-nuclide and optical imaging for medical diagnosis. Many of these developments were discussed this past November in Chicago at the Second SPIE Technology Utilization Seminar on Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine. As examples of these discussions, five papers have been selected for inclusion in this issue of Optical Engineering. All papers presented at the seminar are printed in the Seminar Proceedings.
Autonomous driving goes downtown (1998)

Most computer-vision systems for vehicle guidance are for highway scenarios. Developing autonomous or driver-assistance systems for complex urban traffic poses new algorithmic and system-architecture challenges. To address these issues, the authors introduce their intelligent Stop&Go system and discuss appropriate algorithms and approaches for vision-module control.
Practical Total Syntheses of Acromelic Acids A and B (2014)

Practical total syntheses of acromelic acids A (1) and B (2), which have potent neuro-excitatory activity, were accomplished in 13 (36% total yield) and 17 steps (6.9% total yield), respectively, from 2,6-dichloropyridine (8). Regioselective transformation of symmetric 8 provided nitroalkenes 15 and 16. The pyrrolidine ring was efficiently constructed by Ni-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition followed by intramolecular reductive amination.