gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asthma in the workplace : and related conditions (2006)

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. Definition and Classification. Historical Aspects. Epidemiological Approaches and Natural History. Genetics. Pathophysiology. Animal Models. ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT. Clinical Assessment and Management. Immunological and Inflammatory Assessments. Physiological Assessment. Occupational Challenge Tests. Environmental Monitoring: General Considerations. Environmental Monitoring of Protein Aeroallergens. Environmental Monitoring of Chemical Agents. Medicolegal Aspects, Compensation Aspects, Evaluation of Impairment/Disability. Surveillance and Prevention. SPECIFIC AGENTS CAUSING OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA. Enzymes. Baking Products. Animals, Insects, and Shellfishes. Latex. Other High-Molecular Weight Protein Agents. Polyisocyanates and Their Prepolymers. Wood Dusts. Metals. Other Chemical Substances. SPECIFIC DISEASE ENTITIES AND VARIANTS. Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome and Other Types of Irritant-Induced Asthma. Asthma Exacerbated at Work. Asthma-Like Syndromes. COPD Due to Occupational Exposure. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Building Related Illnesses. Upper Airways Involvement. Skin Involvement. Conclusion and Research Needs
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Vaccine Applications (2014)

Vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were developed more than 20 years ago against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. These nano-sized structures exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune responses and delivery of meningococcal antigens or unrelated antigens incorporated into the vesicle structure. This paper reviews different applications in OMV Research and Development (R&D) and provides examples of OMV developed and evaluated at the Finlay Institute in Cuba. A Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) process was developed at the Finlay Institute to produce OMV from N. meningitidis serogroup B (dOMVB) using detergent extraction. Subsequently, OMV from N. meningitidis, serogroup A (dOMVA), serogroup W (dOMVW), and serogroup X (dOMVX) were obtained using this process. More recently, the extraction process has also been applied effectively for obtaining OMV on a research scale from Vibrio cholerae (dOMVC), Bordetella pertussis (dOMVBP), Mycobacterium smegmatis (dOMVSM), and BCG (dOMVBCG). The immunogenicity of the OMV has been evaluated for specific antibody induction, and together with functional bactericidal and challenge assays in mice has shown their protective potential. dOMVB has been evaluated with non-neisserial antigens, including with a herpes virus type 2 glycoprotein, ovalbumin, and allergens. In conclusion, OMV are proving to be more versatile than first conceived and remain an important technology for development of vaccine candidates.
Reconciling water quality parameters impacting nitrification in aquaponics: the pH levels (2004)

Combining hydroponics and aquaculture into aquaponic systems requires reconciling water quality parameters for the survival and growth of plants, fish, and nitrifying bacteria. The plants and fish are grown as cash crops while bacteria are expected to oxidize ammonia (fish by-product) into nitrite and finally nitrate which may be used by plants. The objectives of this project were to determine nitrification activity response to pH between 5.5 and 8.5 in recirculating trickling biofilters containing perlite medium. Total ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased from 5 to 0 mg L [sup-] in 12 (pH 8.5), 20 (pH 7.5), and 20-24 (pH 6.5) days after introduction of nitrifying bacteria to the perlite biofilters. Nitrite became measurable in the biofilter water at 8 (pH 8.5), 16 (pH 7.5), and 20-24 (pH 6.5) days after introduction of nitrifying bacteria. No nitrification occurred in the biofilters maintained at a pH of 5.5. These results indicate that ammonia conversion to nitrate in a perlite medium trickling biofilter startup cycle was significantly faster at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.5 and 6.5. The recommended pH for aquaculture systems is from 6.5 to 8.5 and for hydroponic systems is from 5.5 to 6.5. Results indicate the optimum pH for nitrification in this system is 8.5, however, the reconciling pH for aquaponics would likely be between 6.5 and 7.0 to optimize the production of the fish and plant cash crops.
Role of Interface Chemistry in Opening New Radiative Pathways in InP/CdSe Giant Quantum Dots with Blinking‐Suppressed Two‐Color Emission (2019)

Abstract InP/CdSe core/thick‐shell “giant” quantum dots (gQDs) that exhibit blinking‐suppressed two‐color excitonic emission have been synthesized and optically characterized. These type II heterostructures exhibit photoluminescence from both a charge‐separated, near‐infrared type II excitonic state, and a shell‐localized visible‐color excitonic state. Infrared emission is intrinsic to the type II QD, while visible emission can either be eliminated or enhanced through chemical modification of the InP surface prior to CdSe shell growth. Single‐QD photoluminescence measurements confirm that the dual color emission is from individual nanocrystals. The probability of observing dual emission from individual QDs and the extent of blinking suppression increases with shell thickness. Visible emission can be stabilized by the addition of a second shell of CdS, where the resulting InP/CdSe/CdS core/shell/shell nanocrystals afford the strongest blinking suppression, determined by analysis of the Mandel Q parameter. Transient absorption spectroscopy verifies that dual emission arises when hole relaxation from the shell to the core is impeded, possibly as a result of enhanced interfacial hole trapping at F − or O 2− defect sites. Electron–hole recombination in the shell then competes with slower type II recombination, providing a different mechanism for breaking Kasha's rule and allowing two colors of light to be emitted from one nanostructure.
Force-mediated dissociation of proteoglycan aggregate in articular cartilage (2006)

Proteoglycan aggregate is the primary component in articular cartilage responsible for resisting compressive loading. It consists of a core molecule of hyaluronan and a number of side chains of aggrecan bound to hyaluronan non-covalently. The loss of aggrecan from articular cartilage is considered to be a major factor in the development of osteoarthritis. Though enzymatic digestion of aggrecan is believed to be responsible for the release of aggrecan from osteoarthritic cartilage, other mechanisms, such as direct force-mediated detachment of aggrecan from hyaluronan may also be involved. In this study, the rupture force of the single bond between hyaluronan and aggrecan in articular cartilage was directly quantified using experimental measurement and Monte Carlo simulation. Low rupture force of this bond, as determined in this study suggested a possible direct force-mediated detachment of aggrecan from proteoglycan aggregate in osteoarthritic cartilage.
Identification, in Vitro Activity and Mode of Action of Phosphoinositide-Dependent-1 Kinase Inhibitors as Antifungal Molecules (2011)

Although protein kinases have recently emerged as important drug targets, the anti-infective potential of protein kinase inhibitors has not been developed extensively. We identified the mammalian PDK1 inhibitor KP-372-1 as a potent antifungal molecule with activity against yeast and fungal biofilms using a screening strategy for protein kinase inhibitors that block the cell wall stress response in yeast. Genetic and biochemical studies indicate that KP-372-1 inhibits fungal PDK1 orthologs (Pkh kinases) as part of its mode of action and support a role for Pkh kinases in eisosome assembly. Two other structurally distinct molecules that inhibit PDK1, OSU-03012 and UCN-01, also have antifungal activity. Taken together, these data indicate that fungal PDK1 orthologs are promising targets for new antifungal drug development.
Adsorption and Phase Equilibria for Hydrogen Storage System Based on Dehydrogenation Reaction of Naphthenes, and Its Process Design (2016)

A hydrogen storage medium, using a dehydrogenation reaction of naphthene in a membrane reactor, is proposed for fuel cell systems. In this system, the permeation rate of hydrogen is not high so that the residual hydrogen, not passing through the membrane, must be recovered. A gas-liquid separator and an adsorption column were evaluated. For the design of the separator, the hydrogen solubility has been already reported for aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthenes, and equimolar mixtures. In this study, adsorption on activated carbon was measured in hydrogen flow saturated with pure benzene, cyclohexane, methycyclohexane, and toluene, and the equimolar mixtures, benzene + cyclohexane and methycyclohexane + toluene. The measurement was carried out by a new apparatus specially designed for this study, based on a flow type method, and equipped with gas chromatograph with both FID and TCD. In the measurement, the breakthrough curve and the specific mass adsorbed were measured at 347 kPa and 303.15 K. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed based on the breakthrough curves for the pure adsorbates and mixtures. Finally, the required mass of adsorbate, activated carbon, was estimated for the system by assuming the reaction rate and the hydrogen permeation ratio in the membrane reactor.
A preliminary evaluation of quad-core processors for Sandia applications. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Reassignment of Improbable Natural Products Identified through Chemical Principle Screening (2022)

Abstract Natural products continue to be reported at an astonishing rate from a wide range of multidisciplinary research activities in the pursuit of understanding the chemistry of biodiversity. However, the elucidation of chemical structure in the modern era is heavily reliant on the analysis and interpretation of multiple spectroscopic outputs, and in most cases this activity is by no means trivial. Structural errors continue to be described given the inherent complexity of natural products. Computer‐Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) continues to provide improved resolving power in this regard, but for enhanced accuracy quantum chemical spectrum prediction methodology is paramount. Reported herein are a range of counterfactual natural products, identified through chemical principal screening, which have been reassigned using a combination of chemical intuition, chemical synthesis, CASE and DU8+ spectrum prediction.
Biallelic mutations in DNA ligase 1 underlie a spectrum of immune deficiencies (2018)

We report the molecular, cellular, and clinical features of 5 patients from 3 kindreds with biallelic mutations in the autosomal LIG1 gene encoding DNA ligase 1. The patients exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, increased proportions of circulating γδT cells, and erythrocyte macrocytosis. Clinical severity ranged from a mild antibody deficiency to a combined immunodeficiency requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Using engineered LIG1-deficient cell lines, we demonstrated chemical and radiation defects associated with the mutant alleles, which variably impaired the DNA repair pathway. We further showed that these LIG1 mutant alleles are amorphic or hypomorphic, and exhibited variably decreased enzymatic activities, which lead to premature release of unligated adenylated DNA. The variability of the LIG1 genotypes in the patients was consistent with that of their immunological and clinical phenotypes. These data suggest that different forms of autosomal recessive, partial DNA ligase 1 deficiency underlie an immunodeficiency of variable severity.
Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography (2016)

Echocardiography is the key tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of aortic stenosis. Because clinical decision-making is based on the echocardiographic assessment of its severity, it is essential that standards are adopted to maintain accuracy and consistency across echocardiographic laboratories. Detailed recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis were published by the European Association of Echocardiography and the American Society of Echocardiography in 2009. In the meantime, numerous new studies on aortic stenosis have been published with particular new insights into the difficult subgroup of low gradient aortic stenosis making an update of recommendations necessary. The document focuses in particular on the optimization of left ventricular outflow tract assessment, low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction, a new classification of aortic stenosis by gradient, flow and ejection fraction, and a grading algorithm for an integrated and stepwise approach of artic stenosis assessment in clinical practice.
Extravascular albumin concentration of the uvea. (1990)

The hypothesis that uveal vessels absorb fluid was tested by measuring the albumin in extravascular uveal tissues and in plasma. From these results the effective albumin concentration was calculated in both rabbits and monkeys. Three separate methods were used to measure uveal albumin, and the results of these were compared. In method 1, the intravenous fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin concentration found in the uvea 5 min after injection (intravascular tracer) was subtracted from that found 2 hr after injection (intravascular plus extravascular tracer) to determine the extravascular albumin concentration. In method 2, intravenous FITC-albumin was followed by vascular washout after a 2-hr equilibration period to determine extravascular uveal albumin. In method 3, the endogenous extravascular albumin concentration of uveal tissues was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after vascular washout. The effective albumin concentration was determined by dividing the data in methods 1, 2, and 3 by the extravascular albumin space volume. The effective albumin concentration in monkey (as percentage of plasma) was, for methods 1, 2, and 3: iris 2, 3, and 4%; pars plicata 14, 12, and 7%; pars plana 2, 10, and 12%; and choroid 2, 12, and 10%, respectively. In rabbit, the extravascular albumin concentrations were: iris 10, 21, and 7%; pars plicata 69, 26, and 39%; pars plana 41, 46, and 10%; and choroid 88, 30, and 26%, respectively. These findings are lower than previously reported in rabbits, yet are consistent with previous estimates in monkeys. These results support the hypothesis that uveal vessels are capable of fluid absorption, since a large colloid osmotic gradient exists across the vessel wall.
Design and Performance of High-Speed Avalanche Photodiodes for 100-Gb/s Systems and Beyond (2014)

This paper reviews our work on high-speed avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with a unique vertical-illumination structure, targeting 100-Gb/s systems and beyond. The APDs feature easy lateral and vertical scaling for achieving the required operation speed and responsivity. For 100-Gb/s systems, a 3-dB bandwidth of 18.5 GHz with multiplied responsivity of 9.1 A/W is obtained. For larger capacity applications such as 400-Gb/s systems, a maximum 3-dB bandwidth of over 35 GHz and responsivity at a gain of unity of almost 0.7 A/W are obtained by reducing diameter of an n-contact mesa and optimizing thickness and configuration of an absorption layer.
FRESCO: Modular Composable Security Services for Software-Defined Networks (2013)

OpenFlow is an open standard that has gained tremendous interest in the last few years within the network community. It is an embodiment of the software-defined networking paradigm, in which higher-level flow routing decisions are derived from a control layer that, unlike classic network switch implementations, is separated from the data handling layer. The central attraction to this paradigm is that by decoupling the control logic from the closed and proprietary implementations of traditional network switch infrastructure, researchers can more easily design and distribute innovative flow handling and network control algorithms. Indeed, we also believe that OpenFlow can, in time, prove to be one of the more impactful technologies to drive a variety of innovations in network security. Open-Flow could offer a dramatic simplification to the way we design and integrate complex network security applications into large networks. However, to date there remains a stark paucity of compelling OpenFlow security applications. In this paper, we introduce FRESCO, an OpenFlow security application development framework designed to facilitate the rapid design, and modular composition of OF-enabled detection and mitigation modules. FRESCO, which is itself an OpenFlow application, offers a Click-inspired [19] programming framework that enables security researchers to implement, share, and compose together, many different security detection and mitigation modules. We demonstrate the utility of FRESCO through the implementation of several well-known security defenses as OpenFlow security services, and use them to examine various performance and efficiency aspects of our proposed framework. 1
Clinomics – Vorhersage der linksseitigen Leberhypertrophie nach rechtsseitiger SIRT (2019)

Ziel der Studie war die Generierung eines Datenmodells, welches den linksseitigen Volumenzuwachs der Leber vorhersagt, nachdem Patienten mit hepatozellulärem Karzinom (HCC) rechtsseitig mittels Radioembolisation (SIRT) behandelt wurden. Die zu erwartende Hypertrophie könnte ein Maß für das Regenerationspotential der zirrhotischen Leber darstellen und im Rahmen der Patientenselektion eine Rolle spielen.
Chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo in a savanna town in Cameroon (1992)

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has been reported in the Sahel and forest regions of Cameroon since 1985. In vivo response to chloroquine treatment (25 mg/kg) was assessed in 19 patients with malaria in the savanna North-West province. 58% of the cases showed RII resistance to chloroquine. RIII resistance was suspected in one patient. Only 35% of cases showed complete parasite clearance by day 5 of treatment. Chloroquine reduced parasite counts by at least 87% in all patients. Chloroquine resistance now seems to be well established and widespread in Cameroon. Its rapid spread and the prevalence of resistance suggest the existence of sustained drug pressure resulting in rapid selection of less sensitive strains. Unfortunately, similar pressure is also being exerted with quinine.
Diagnostics of micro- and nanostructure using the scanning probe microscopy (2005)

In this paper we summarize the results of our research concerning the diagnostics of micro- and nanostructure with scanning probe microscopy (SPM). We describe the experiments performed with one of the scanning probe microscopy techniques enabling also insulating surfaces to be investigated, i.e., atomic force microscopy (AFM). We present the results of topography measurements using both contact and non-contact AFM modes, investigations of the friction forces that appear between the microtip and the surface, and experiments connected with the thermal behaviour of integrated circuits, carried out with the local resolution of 20 nm.
Oral contraceptive pills and inherited thrombophilia in a young woman with deep venous thrombosis (2009)

Inherited risk factors for vascular disease include factor V Leiden prothrombin and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) point mutations. The use of oral contraceptives is also a recognized risk factor for venous thromboembolism. In Eastern Mediterranean countries the highest frequency of factor V Leiden was reported in Lebanon (14%). However there are no studies related to awareness of the use of oral contraceptive pills among individuals with a high risk for thrombotic events. Here we present the case of a female patient on oral contraceptive pills who sustained an extensive deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The patient was found to be heterozygous for factor V Leiden (G1691A) and homozygous for the MTHFR (C677T) mutations. (excerpt)
Metal Fluorides Produced Using Chlorine Trifluoride Gas (2015)

For developing coating materials, the fluorides of scandium, lanthanum, strontium, barium, magnesium and aluminum were produced from their oxides and chlorides by means of exposure to chlorine trifluoride gas at temperatures between room temperature and 700°C. The metal chlorides could be easily fluorinated even at room temperature, while the metal oxides required temperatures higher than 300?C. After the heating in ambient hydrogen at 1100°C, the fluorides of lanthanum and barium showed very low weight losses at 1100°C, although the weights of the other fluorides significantly decreased. These materials may work as protective films against corrosive and high temperature environments, particularly when using the chlorine trifluoride gas.
Evidence for B cell activation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. (1984)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and in some cases synovial eluate cells from 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were analysed for the percentages of cells bearing surface light chains (total B cells), IgM and IgD. In addition, their capacity to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes (mRFC)--a property of a B cell subpopulation--was determined. Activity of the disease was assessed by clinical and laboratory criteria and classified as very active, moderately active and inactive. Normal, age and sex matched individuals and a group of patients with a variety of other rheumatological disorders, were used as control populations. Although there was no significant difference in percentages of total B cells in any of the groups compared with normal controls, there was a small but significant increase in the ratio of cells bearing IgM to those bearing IgD in patients with very active disease. This was paralleled by a significant decrease in the mRFC in this disease activity group. Patients with inactive disease showed no change in their proportions of IgM:IgD, but did show a significant increase in mRFC. These results are discussed in terms of the presence of activated B cells in patients with very active RA.
Konsequenzen und Herausforderungen bei bioterroristischen Anschlägen (2002)

Ever since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and the cases of inhalational anthrax and other types of anthrax caused by attacks with anthrax spores, responsible authorities and experts must reckon with bioterrorist attacks conducted with much greater criminal "drive" and greater financial resources than had been imagined so far. This consideration triggered cautionary measures in Germany and Europe as briefly summarised here. For more detailed information please refer to internet (www.rki.de) and see the references given below.