gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Domain Adaptation for Speech Foundation Models (2023)

Foundation models (FMs), that are trained on broad data at scale and are adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks, have brought large interest in the research community. Benefiting from the diverse data sources such as different modalities, languages and application domains, foundation models have demonstrated strong generalization and knowledge transfer capabilities. In this paper, we present a pioneering study towards building an efficient solution for FM-based speech recognition systems. We adopt the recently developed self-supervised BEST-RQ for pretraining, and propose the joint finetuning with both source and unsupervised target domain data using JUST Hydra. The FM encoder adapter and decoder are then finetuned to the target domain with a small amount of supervised in-domain data. On a large-scale YouTube and Voice Search task, our method is shown to be both data and model parameter efficient. It achieves the same quality with only 21.6M supervised in-domain data and 130.8M finetuned parameters, compared to the 731.1M model trained from scratch on additional 300M supervised in-domain data.
Presentation of Integrins on Leukocyte Microvilli: A Role for the Extracellular Domain in Determining Membrane Localization (1997)

Adhesion of blood leukocytes to the endothelium involves multiple steps including initial attachment (tethering), rolling, and firm arrest. Presentation of adhesion molecules on leukocyte microvilli can substantially enhance tethering. Localization of L-selectin to microvilli and of CD44 to the planar cell body have been shown to depend upon their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. We investigated the role of leukocyte integrin transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in initiating adhesion under flow and in microvillous localization. Integrins alpha4beta7, alphaLbeta2, and alphaMbeta2 were heterologously expressed in K562 cells. alpha4beta7 initiated adhesion under flow and localized to microvilli, whereas beta2 integrins did not initiate adhesion and localized to the cell body. Chimeric integrins were produced by replacing the alpha4beta7 cytoplasmic and/or transmembrane domains with the homologous domains of alphaLbeta2 or alphaMbeta2. Unexpectedly, these chimeras efficiently mediated adhesion to the alpha4beta7 ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 under flow and localized to microvilli. Therefore, differences between the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of alpha4 and beta2 integrins do not account for differences in ability to support attachment under flow or in membrane localization. Integrins alpha4beta1, alpha5beta1, alpha6Abeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphaEbeta7 also localized to microvilli. Transmembrane proteins known or suspected to associate with extracellular domains of microvillous integrins, including tetraspans and CD47, were concentrated on microvilli as well. These findings suggest that interactions between the extracellular domains of integrins and associated proteins could direct the assembly of multimolecular complexes on leukocyte microvilli.
Birefringence compensation for polarization-independent directional coupler wavelength filters (1995)

We show how polarization-independent optical wavelength filters can be achieved using asymmetric directional couplers with birefringence-compensation. Simulations demonstrate that excellent polarization behavior can be achieved with practical tolerances and without sacrificing filter bandwidth or insertion loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carnosinase activity of human gastrointestinal mucosa. (1975)

Carnosinase, the dipeptidase which hydrolyses carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides, was assayed in mucosal tissues of the human and of the rat gut. Kinetic properties of the intestinal enzyme were found to be similar to carnosinase of other animal tissues. Little or no activity was detected in human gastric or colonic mucosa, and the levels were lower in duodenal than jejunal mucosa. The distribution of carnosinase is similar to that of the disaccharidases. Mean carnosinase activity was 8-8 units/g weight in 15 patients with histologically normal mucosa compared with 5-7 units in five with villous atrophy. The enzyme levels increased with histological improvement of the mucosa in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Tolerance curves for carnosine and its constitutent amino acids showed malabsorption of the dipeptide in a patient with carnosinase deficiency. It is concluded that the intestinal mucosa has much less hydrolase activity for carnosine than for glycylglycine and other dipeptidases, and the relatively slow hydrolysis appears to be the rate-limiting step in the total absorptive process.
Repellent Properties of Extract of Amorpha fruticosa1 (1946)

Journal Article Repellent Properties of Extract of Amorpha fruticosa Get access Charles H. Brett Charles H. Brett Oldahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 39, Issue 6, 1 December 1946, Page 810, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/39.6.810 Published: 01 December 1946
Assessment of an Adaptive Load Forecasting Methodology in a Smart Grid Demonstration Project (2017)

This paper presents the implementation of an adaptive load forecasting methodology in two different power networks from a smart grid demonstration project deployed in the region of Madrid, Spain. The paper contains an exhaustive comparative study of different short-term load forecast methodologies, addressing the methods and variables that are more relevant to be applied for the smart grid deployment. The evaluation followed in this paper suggests that the performance of the different methods depends on the conditions of the site in which the smart grid is implemented. It is shown that some non-linear methods, such as support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel and extremely randomized forest offer good performance using only 24 lagged load hourly values, which could be useful when the amount of data available is limited due to communication problems in the smart grid monitoring system. However, it has to be highlighted that, in general, the behavior of different short-term load forecast methodologies is not stable when they are applied to different power networks and that when there is a considerable variability throughout the whole testing period, some methods offer good performance in some situations, but they fail in others. In this paper, an adaptive load forecasting methodology is proposed to address this issue improving the forecasting performance through iterative optimization: in each specific situation, the best short-term load forecast methodology is chosen, resulting in minimum prediction errors.
Design and testing of a near-infrared computed tomography device for breast tumor characterization (2003)

The design of a frequency-domain near-infrared scanning device is considered in order to determine how the source-detector geometry affects the resulting reconstruction of the tissue images. The measurements are processed by a finite element-based algorithm which reconstructs the interior image map of the absorption and scattering coefficients. This reconstruction is achieved by matching the light fluence measurements to calculated values based upon the assumption that light diffuses in tissue, and is predicted by the diffusion equation. An initial series of computer simulations have been used to evaluate the source-detector geometry, and predict how the measurement geometry affects the reconstruction accuracy and image quality. A physical device has been realized, using the optimal design, and is currently in a clinical trial to characterize the optical properties of breast tissues and tumors in vivo. The device uses 16 source and 16 detector locations alternating in a circular array, which can be attached to the breast tissue during a patient exam. Initial phantom and tissue studies indicate that quantitatively accurate images of the absorption coefficient can be obtained at multiple near infrared wavelengths.
Optonomic: Architecture for Secure Autonomic Optical Transport Networks (2019)

We present a system architecture for autonomic operation, administration and maintenance of both the optical and digital layers within the integrated optical transport network infrastructure. This framework encompasses the end-to-end instrumentation: From equipment commissioning to automatic discovery and bring-up, to self-managed, self-(re)configuring optical transport layer. We leverage prevalent networking protocols to build an autonomic control plane for the optical network elements. Various aspects of security, a critical element for self-managed operations, are addressed. We conclude with a discussion on the interaction with SDN, and how autonomic functions can benefit from these capabilities, a brief survey of standardization activities and scope for future work.
Structural Evolution of the Ancient Enzyme, Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase (2022)

Dissimilatory sulfite reductase is an ancient enzyme that has linked the global sulfur and carbon biogeochemical cycles since at least 3.47 Gya. While much has been learned about the phylogenetic distribution and diversity of DsrAB across environmental gradients, far less is known about the structural changes that occurred to maintain DsrAB function as the enzyme accompanied diversification of sulfate/sulfite reducing organisms (SRO) into new environments. Analyses of available crystal structures of DsrAB from Archaeoglobus fulgidus and Desulfovibrio vulgaris , representing early and late evolving lineages, respectively, show that certain features of DsrAB are structurally conserved, including active siro-heme binding motifs. Whether such structural features are conserved among DsrAB recovered from varied environments, including hot spring environments that host representatives of the earliest evolving SRO lineage (e.g., MV2-Eury), is not known. To begin to overcome these gaps in our understanding of the evolution of DsrAB, structural models from MV2.Eury were generated and evolutionary sequence co-variance analyses were conducted on a curated DsrAB database. Phylogenetically diverse DsrAB harbor many conserved functional residues including those that ligate active siro-heme(s). However, evolutionary co-variance analysis of monomeric DsrAB subunits revealed several False Positive Evolutionary Couplings (FPEC) that correspond to residues that have co-evolved despite being too spatially distant in the monomeric structure to allow for direct contact. One set of FPECs corresponds to residues that form a structural path between the two active siro-heme moieties across the interface between heterodimers, suggesting the potential for allostery or electron transfer within the enzyme complex. Other FPECs correspond to structural loops and gaps that may have been selected to stabilize enzyme function in different environments. These structural bioinformatics results suggest that DsrAB has maintained allosteric communication pathways between subunits as SRO diversified into new environments. The observations outlined here provide a framework for future biochemical and structural analyses of DsrAB to examine potential allosteric control of this enzyme.
Regulation of Phospholipase D by Protein Kinase C Is Synergistic with ADP-ribosylation Factor and Independent of Protein Kinase Activity (1996)

Phospholipase D (PLD) which was partially purified from membranes of porcine brain could be stimulated by multiple cytosolic components; these included ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and RhoA, which required guanine nucleotides for activity, and an unidentified factor which activated the enzyme in a nucleotide-independent manner (Singer, W. D., Brown, H. A., Bokoch, G. M., and Sternweis, P. C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14944-14950). Here, we report purification of the latter factor, its identification as the alpha isoform of protein kinase C (PKCalpha), and characterization of its regulation of PLD activity. Stimulation of PLD by purified PKCalpha or recombinant PKCalpha (rPKCalpha) occurred in the absence of any nucleotide and required activators such as Ca2+ or phorbol ester. This action was synergistic with stimulation of PLD evoked by either Arf or RhoA. Dephosphorylation of rPKC alpha with protein phosphatase 1 or 2A resulted in a loss of its kinase activity, but had little effect on its ability to stimulate PLD either alone or in conjunction with Arf. Staurosporine inhibited the kinase activity of PKCalpha without affecting activation of PLD. Finally, gel filtration of PKCalpha that had been cleaved with trypsin demonstrated that stimulatory activity for PLD coeluted with the regulatory domain of the enzyme. These data indicate that PKC may regulate signaling events through direct molecular interaction with downstream effectors as well as through its well characterized catalytic modification of proteins by phosphorylation.
CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MYOPATHY IN A RARE AUTOSOMAL DISEASE: HEREDITARY BONE DYSPLASIA/OSTEOSARCOMA AND LIMB GIRDLE MYOPATHY IN A UNIQUE FAMILY (2014)

Autosomal‐dominant myopathic disorder associated with diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous\nhis?ocytoma (DMS‐MFH) is characterized by myopathy, bone fragility, and osteosarcoma. DMS‐MFH was recently\nassociated with muta?ons in the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene (MTAP). MTAP is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme crucial for polyamine biosynthesis. Two disease‐causing muta?ons have been iden?fied in MTAP: c.813‐2A&amp;gt;G and c.885A&amp;gt;G, both of which result in dysregulated alterna?ve splicing of MTAP isoforms. Here, we report on myopathy in two cousins with the c.813‐2A&amp;gt;G muta?on. Both developed a progressive limb‐girdle type myopathy at age 30 years. To our knowledge, we are the first group to characterize the myopathy associated with DMS‐MFH, discovering varied muscle fiber size, degenera?on, and increased centralized nuclei. In this report, expression levels of transac?ve response DNA‐binding protein (TDP)‐43, light chain (LC)3‐I/II, and p62/sequestome 1 (SQSTM1) in the muscle fibers were increased, sugges?ng a possible dysregula?on of autophagy. Elucida?on of the pathologic mechanism(s) in DMS‐MFH offers the poten?al to uncover key molecular signaling pathways and the promise of novel future treatments.
Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Transperineal Cryoablation in the Treatment of Prostate Carcinoma (1995)

Transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal percutaneous cryoablation of the prostate produces few major complications and appears at 3 months to be effective in eradicating local prostate tumors. Longer followup is required to test the original hypothesis.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Membrane-Permeant Cyclic ADP-Ribose Mimics:  N-[(5‘ ‘-O-Phosphorylethoxy)methyl]-5‘-O-phosphorylinosine 5‘,5‘ ‘-Cyclicpyrophosphate (cIDPRE) and 8-Substituted Derivatives (2004)

N1-[(5' '-O-Phosphorylethoxy)methyl]-5'-O-phosphorylinosine 5',5''-cyclicpyrophosphate (cIDPRE 2a) and the 8-substituted derivatives 8-bromo-, 8-azido-, 8-amino-, and 8-Cl-cIDPRE (2b-e) were synthesized from N1-[(5''-acetoxyethoxy)methyl]-2',3'-O-isopropylideneinosine (5) in good yields. The pharmacological activities of cIDPRE and the 8-substituted derivatives (2a-e) were analyzed in intact and permeabilized human Jurkat T-lymphocytes. The results indicate that cIDPRE permeates the plasma membrane, releases Ca2+ from an intracellular, cADPR-sensitive Ca2+ store, and subsequently initiates Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ entry. The Ca(2+)-releasing activity of cIDPRE was confirmed directly in permeabilized cells. Using time-resolved confocal Ca2+ imaging at the single cell level, the development of global Ca2+ signals starting from local small Ca2+ signals evoked by cIDPRE was observed. 8-N3-cIDPRE 2c and 8-NH2-cIDPRE 2d were similarly effective in their agonistic activity as compared to cIDPRE 2a, showing almost indistinguishable concentration-response curves for 2a, 2c, and 2d and very similar kinetics of Ca2+ signaling. In contrast, the halogenated derivatives 8-Br- and 8-Cl-cIDPRE (2b and 2e) did not significantly elevate [Ca2+]i. Therefore, cIDPRE 2a, 8-N3-cIDPRE 2c, and 8-NH2-cIDPRE 2d are novel membrane permeant cADPR mimic and may provide important novel tools to study cADPR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in intact cells.
Military V/S.T.O.L. Transport Aircraft (1966)

SINCE man first aspired to fly the desire to take‐off and land vertically and to hover in flight has always presented a challenge to the engineer. To date only the rotary wing aircraft has achieved these aims in service but their shortcomings in terms of speed, range and economy have encouraged engineers to search for more elegant ways of achieving vertical flight.
A morphometric study of Reye's syndrome. Correlation of reduced mitochondrial numbers and increased mitochondrial size with clinical manifestations. (1987)

Morphometric analysis of liver ultrastructure in 14 children with Reye's syndrome (RS) of varying morphologic severity was compared with that of 6 children with normal livers. Results showed reduced numbers of enlarged mitochondria in RS. Multivariant analysis identified correlations between increased mitochondrial size, decreased mitochondrial number, and severity of neurologic disease (stage). A disproportionate increase in mitochondrial area and perimeter in the RS cases with the most depressed mitochondrial number distinguished the 4 children with residual neurologic damage or death. Serum salicylate concentrations were negatively correlated with severity of morphologic alteration. Two cases of non-RS salicylate toxicity showed normal or near-normal mitochondrial size and number. In fatty liver from an autopsy specimen from a child, a child with carnitine deficiency, and a child on therapy for dermatomyositis, mitochondrial numbers were also normal. Decreased mitochondrial numbers are characteristic of RS and imply a pathophysiologic mechanism, possibly related to impaired mitochondrial replication. Synergism with other forms of mitochondrial injury, such as salicylates, hypoglycemia, or shock may influence clinical severity, progression, and outcome.
HUMMR, a hypoxia- and HIF-1α–inducible protein, alters mitochondrial distribution and transport (2009)

Mitochondrial transport is critical for maintenance of normal neuronal function. Here, we identify a novel mitochondria protein, hypoxia up-regulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which is expressed in neurons and is markedly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha). Interestingly, HUMMR interacts with Miro-1 and Miro-2, mitochondrial proteins that are critical for mediating mitochondrial transport. Interestingly, knockdown of HUMMR or HIF-1 function in neurons exposed to hypoxia markedly reduces mitochondrial content in axons. Because mitochondrial transport and distribution are inextricably linked, the impact of reduced HUMMR function on the direction of mitochondrial transport was also explored. Loss of HUMMR function in hypoxia diminished the percentage of motile mitochondria moving in the anterograde direction and enhanced the percentage moving in the retrograde direction. Thus, HUMMR, a novel mitochondrial protein induced by HIF-1 and hypoxia, biases mitochondria transport in the anterograde direction. These findings have broad implications for maintenance of neuronal viability and function during physiological and pathological states.
Data from Aberrant Expression of Mucin Core Proteins and O-Linked Glycans Associated with Progression of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Mucin expression is a common feature of most adenocarcinomas and features prominently in current attempts to improve diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer and other adenocarcinomas. We investigated the expression of a number of mucin core proteins and associated O-linked glycans expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma—sialyl Tn (STn), Tn, T antigen, sialyl Lewis A (CA19-9), sialyl Lewis C (SLeC), Lewis X (LeX), and sialyl LeX (SLeX)—during the progression of pancreatic cancer from early stages to metastatic disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Immunohistochemical analyses of mucin and associated glycan expression on primary tumor and liver metastatic tumor samples were conducted with matched sets of tissues from 40 autopsy patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 14 surgically resected tissue samples, and 8 normal pancreata.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There were significant changes in mucin expression patterns throughout disease progression. MUC1 and MUC4 were differentially glycosylated as the disease progressed from early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias to metastatic disease. &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; expression of several mucins correlated with increased metastasis indicating a potentially more invasive phenotype, and we show the expression of MUC6 in acinar cells undergoing acinar to ductal metaplasia. A “cancer field-effect” that included changes in mucin protein expression and glycosylation in the adjacent normal pancreas was also seen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; There are significant alterations in mucin expression and posttranslational processing during progression of pancreatic cancer from early lesions to metastasis. The results are presented in the context of how mucins influence the biology of tumor cells and their microenvironment during progression of pancreatic cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 1981–93. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bifurcation of Contact Between Rotor and Stator (2012)

The paper discusses Bifurcation Diagrams of rotor stator contact problems and the transition from synchronous whirl towards different asynchronous movement patterns. Bifurcation Diagrams based on Poincaré Maps are presented for the model consisting of a JEFFCOTT rotor and a flexible mounted rigid stator ring. The analysis methods are applied systematically with respect to various motion patterns that have been observed for rotor stator contact in the past. The type of motion is identified using the analysis methods. Also the influence of different parameters on the changes of motion patterns and the transitions that result are described. The unique identification of all motion patterns for rotor stator interaction based on Bifurcation Diagrams is focus of the paper. Further insight on the conditions that lead to the change of motion patterns is given.
Biomedical Paper System for Robotically Assisted Percutaneous Procedures with Computed Tomography Guidance (2002)

We present the prototype of an image-guided robotic system for accurate and con- sistent placement of percutaneous needles in soft-tissue targets under CT guidance inside the gantry of a CT scanner. The couch-mounted system consists of a seven-degrees-of-freedom passive mounting arm, a remote center-of-motion robot, and a motorized needle-insertion device. Single- image-based coregistration of the robot and image space is achieved by stereotactic localization using a miniature version of the BRW head frame built into the radiolucent needle driver. The surgeon plans and controls the intervention in the scanner room on a desktop computer that receives DICOM images from the scanner. The system does not need calibration, employs pure image-based regis- tration, and does not utilize any vendor-specific hardware or software features. In the open air, where there is no needle-tissue interaction, we systematically achieved an accuracy better than 1 mm in hitting targets at 5- 8 cm from the fulcrum point. In the phantom, the orientation accuracy was 0.6°, and the distance between the needle tip and the target was 1.04 mm. Experiments indicated that this robotic system is suitable for a variety of percutaneous clinical applications. Comp Aid Surg 6:370 -383