gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing and embedding reliable virtual infrastructures (2011)

In a virtualized infrastructure where physical resources are shared, a single physical server failure will terminate several virtual servers and crippling the virtual infrastructures which contained those virtual servers. In the worst case, more failures may cascade from overloading the remaining servers. To guarantee some level of reliability, each virtual infrastructure, at instantiation, should be augmented with backup virtual nodes and links that have sufficient capacities. This ensures that, when physical failures occur, sufficient computing resources are available and the virtual network topology is preserved. However, in doing so, the utilization of the physical infrastructure may be greatly reduced. This can be circumvented if backup resources are pooled and shared across multiple virtual infrastructures, and intelligently embedded in the physical infrastructure. These techniques can reduce the physical footprint of virtual backups while guaranteeing reliability.
8: MOLECULAR ADSORBENT RECIRCULATING SYSTEM THERAPY FOR ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: INSTITUTIONAL INDICATIONS (2021)

Johnson, Guinevere1; Dave, Sagar2; Teeter, William3; Scalea, Thomas3; Kolokythas, Christopher1; Gaasch, Shannon4; Mursch, Donna2; Broski, Jeff2; Daniels, Brittany2; Powell, Elizabeth3; Boswell, Kim3; Haase, Daniel5; Andersen, Brooke6; Sai-Ho, Chui2; Sadler, Craig2; Galvagno, Samuel7 Author Information
Regulation of spine morphology and spine density by NMDA receptor signaling in vivo (2007)

Dendritic spines are the major sites of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS, and their size and density influence the functioning of neuronal circuits. Here we report that NMDA receptor signaling plays a critical role in regulating spine size and density in the developing cortex. Genetic deletion of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor in the cortex leads to a decrease in spine density and an increase in spine head size in cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. This process is accompanied by an increase in the presynaptic axon bouton volume and the postsynaptic density area, as well as an increase in the miniature excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude and frequency. These observations indicate that NMDA receptors regulate synapse structure and function in the developing cortex.
Electron spin resonance spectra of matrix-isolated alkali tetroxide molecules (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance spectra of matrix-isolated alkali tetroxide moleculesD. M. Lindsay, D. R. Herschbach, and Alvin L. KwiramCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 12, 2113–2120Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100235a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100235a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Circulating Endothelial Glycocalyx Fragments Impact Endothelial and Epithelial Repair after Septic Lung Injury (2015)

The endothelial glycocalyx is a heparan sulfate (HS)-rich layer lining the vascular lumen. Sepsis-induced glycocalyx degradation releases N-sulfated HS fragments that circulate for days after sepsis onset. As N-sulfated HS is known to augment pro-repair growth factor signaling, we hypothesized that circulating HS would accelerate endothelial and epithelial repair after septic lung injury. We performed mass spectrometry to quantify N-sulfated HS release into mouse plasma after cecal ligation and puncture. We performed intravital microscopy to confirm that i.v. fluorescent HS penetrated into the pulmonary interstitium, thereby accessing both pulmonary endothelium and endothelium. To determine the impact of circulating HS on pulmonary endothelial repair, we performed in vitro experiments (mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells) confirming that soluble HS augmented endothelial FGF2 signaling. Intravital microscopy demonstrated that this HS/FGF2 signaling accelerated glycocalyx reconstitution and endothelial barrier repair. To determine the impact of circulating HS on pulmonary epithelial repair, we performed in vitro experiments (using MLE-12 cells, a mouse type II epithelial cell line) which surprisingly demonstrated that HS suppressed FGF-FGFR signaling and delayed scratch repair. Our findings suggest divergent effects of circulating HS: pro-reparative in endothelial cells, while suppressive of repair in the pulmonary epithelium. R01HL125371
Use of Animal Models in the Development of Human Vaccines (2007)

Over the past 100 years, animal infectious disease research has played a crucial role in the development of human vaccines. In fact, many of today's vaccines are based on utilizing animal pathogens, either in the form of an attenuated vaccine or as a vaccine vector. Vaccine development has become increasingly complex with chronic and newly emerging diseases, a demand for therapeutic vaccines for noninfectious diseases, extended vaccine in the neonate and the elderly, and increasing concerns regarding vaccine safety. Furthermore, the evaluation of quantity and quality of immune responses and the ability to efficiently translate the results of basic research into the clinic are critical to ensure that vaccines meet their therapeutic potential. Here, we review the importance of animal models for developing and testing novel human vaccines, discuss the limitations of existing animal models in knowledge translation, and summarize the needs and criteria for future animal models. We argue that efficient translation of basic vaccine research to clinical therapies will depend upon the availability of appropriate animal models to address each of the questions which arise during vaccine development.
Generation of zones of quiet using a virtual microphone arrangement (1997)

A local active noise control system is described which uses a virtual microphone arrangement. This arrangement is based on the assumption that the primary pressure at the physical and at the virtual microphone locations are similar. The implication of this assumption on the acoustic performance of a local system in a diffracted primary sound field is theoretically studied. The results show that the error at the virtual microphone position is lower when the virtual microphone arrangement is in the vicinity of a diffracting surface. A practical local active noise control system in a headrest has been built and used to measure the zone of quiet produced by a single and a dual channel system when the total pressure is canceled at one or two virtual microphone positions. It is shown that this type of arrangement is capable of projecting the zones of quiet further away from the secondary source than the position of the physical microphone. The measured zones of quiet produced by a single-channel system have been compared with the results produced with a theoretical model which includes the diffraction between two spheres, one representing the secondary source and the other the listener’s head. It has been found that, in the frequency range of applicability of a local active noise control system, the two-sphere model predicts the experimental results well. The effect that the diffracting head has on the performance of an adaptive feedforward controller using a physical and a virtual microphone is also explored and the results show that this effect is small provided the initial system identification is performed in the presence of the head.
Hybrid model predictive control based on wireless sensor feedback: An experimental study (2007)

This paper presents the design and the experimental validation of model predictive control (MPC) of a hybrid dynamical process based on measurements collected by a wireless sensor network. The proposed setup is the prototype of an industrial application in which a remote station controls the process via wireless network links. The experimental platform is a laboratory process consisting of four infrared lamps, controlled in pairs by two on/off switches, and of a transport belt, where moving parts equipped with wireless sensors are heated by the lamps. By approximating the stationary heat spatial distribution as a piecewise affine function of the position along the belt, the resulting plant model is a hybrid dynamical system. The control architecture is based on the reference governor approach: the process is actuated by a local controller, while a hybrid MPC algorithm running on a remote base station sends optimal belt velocity set-points and lamp on/off commands over a network link exploiting the information received through the wireless network. A discrete-time hybrid model of the process is used for the hybrid MPC algorithm and for the state estimator.
Patient and Surgeon Exposure to Radiation in Intraoperative CT-Based Spine Navigation (2015)

Introduction Intraoperative imaging is critical in spine surgery for determining the spinal level, visualizing alignment, and guiding implant placement. Imaging modalities include plain X-rays, fluoroscopy with C-arm and intraoperative CT scanning (O-arm). These imaging modalities emit ionizing radiation to the surgical team and the patient. The amount of radiation emitted to the patient and the surgeon with intraoperative CT-based spine navigation were compared. The impact of intraoperative CT on the use of intraoperative X-rays and postoperative X-rays and CTs was investigated. Material and Methods An ambispective review of surgical cases using intraoperative CT at Vancouver General Hospital over 1 year was performed. The number of intraoperative X-rays, fluoro and CT dosages were recorded and standardized to effective doses. The number of perioperative imaging investigations was compared with a cohort of surgical cases involving only intraoperative X-rays and fluoroscopy. A literature review was performed to enable a comparison of radiation exposure to historical values for fluoroscopic-guided spine instrumentation. Results A total of 73 surgical cases involving an average of 5.44 levels of instrumentation were reviewed. Thoracic and lumbar spine instrumentations were associated with the highest radiation emission from all modalities compared with cervical and cases (TL: 5.65 mSv vs. C: 2.19 mSv). Major deformity and degenerative cases involved more radiation exposure than trauma and oncology cases (5.81 vs. 3.54 mSv). On average, the patient was exposed to 5.9 times more radiation compared with the surgical team. Patient exposure was three times the values reported in the literature for open thoracolumbar fusions. In comparison, radiation exposure to the surgeon was reduced by 35% compared with conventional fluoroscopically guided open thoracolumbar fusions and 70% less than minimally invasive thoracolumbar fusions. The average radiation total radiation exposure to the patient was 6.05 mSv, a value less than a single lumbar CT scan (7.5–10 mSv). The use of intraoperative CT did not reduce the number of postoperative X-rays or CT scans acquired during the admission or within 1 year following surgery. Conclusion Intraoperative CT increases the radiation exposure to the patient and reduces the radiation exposure to the surgeon when compared with the fluoroscopic-guidance radiation exposure reported in the literature. Thoracolumbar instrumentations for major deformity and degenerative diagnoses are associated with the highest radiation exposure. Although intraoperative CT can improve the accuracy of spine instrumentation, surgeons should be aware of the increased radiation exposure to the patient compared with conventional fluoroscopy-guidance.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: a new tool in diagnostic investigation of nail disorders? (2009)

The incidence and prevalence of onychomycosis are rising worldwide. Common diagnostic techniques often lack sensitivity or specificity. Differentiation between non-infectious nail disorders is frequently not possible. The aim of this study was to establish a better diagnostic routine procedure based on modern mass spectrometric peptide analysis techniques. One hundred and fifty-five nail samples from 145 patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis (n = 96, 62%) and without onychomycosis [e.g. nail psoriasis or nail dystrophy resulting from eczema (n = 59, 38%)] were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) peptide mass fingerprinting in comparison with standard techniques. We demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS represents a precise, robust and fast tool in diagnostic investigation of nail disorders, which is superior to common standard methods.
Constitutive equations for concrete materials subjected to high rate of loading (2002)

Continuum mechanics is used to model the mechanical behaviour of concrete structures subjected to high rates of loading in defence applications. Large deformation theory is used and an isotropic elastic-plastic constitutive equation with isotropic hardening, damage and strain rate dependent loading surface. The hydrostatic pressure is governed by an equation of state. Numerical analysis is performed using the finite element method and the central difference method for the time integration. Projectile penetration is studied and it is concluded that it is not suitable to use material description of the motion of both the target and the projectile together with an erosion criterion. Instead, the material description should be used only for the projectile and the spatial description for the target. In this way the need for an erosion criterion is eliminated. Also, in the constitutive model used it is necessary to introduce a scaling of the softening phase in relation to the finite element size, in order to avoid strain localization. Drop weight testing of reinforced concrete beams are analysed, where a regularisation is introduced that renders mesh objectivity regarding fracture energy release. The resulting model can accurately reproduce results from material testing but the regularisation is not sufficient to avoid strain localization when applied to an impact loaded structure. It is finally proposed that a non-local measure of deformation could be a solution to attain convergence. The third study presents the behaviour of a concrete constitutive model in a splitting test and a simplified non-local theory applied in a tensile test. The splitting test model exhibits mesh dependency due to a singularity. In the tensile test the non-local theory is shown to give a convergent solution. The report https://www.diva-portal.org/liu/webform/form.jsp#paper0is concluded with a discussion on how to better model concrete materials.
Optimized algebraic reconstruction technique for generation of grain maps based on three-dimensional x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) (2006)

Recently, an algebraic reconstruction method has been presented for generation of three-dimensional (3D) maps of the grain boundaries within polycrystals. The grains are mapped layer by layer in a nondestructive way by diffraction with hard x rays. We optimize the algorithm by means of simulations and discuss ways to automate the analysis. The use of generalized Kaiser-Bessel functions as basis functions is shown to be superior to a conventional discretization in terms of square pixels. The algorithm is reformulated as a block-iterative method in order to incorporate the instrumental point-spread function and, at the same time, to avoid the need to store the set of equations. The first reconstruction of a full layer and two neighboring 3D grains from experimental data are demonstrated.
Spatial resolution and sensitivity in photoacoustic tomography taking noise into account: from point-like detectors to large integrating detectors (2012)

As for any other imaging technique spatial resolution and sensitivity are important features for a photoacoustic imaging device. It is already well known that spatial resolution depends on the size and the bandwidth of the detectors. Therefore for photoacoustic image reconstruction usually small point-like and broadband detectors are assumed, which measure the pressure as a function of time on a detection surface around the sample. But in reality point-like detectors are not ideal at all: because of the small detector volume the thermodynamic fluctuations (= noise) get high and the signal amplitude is low, which results in a bad signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For a bigger detector volume the fluctuations are less and the signal amplitude is better, which gives a better SNR. But on the other hand the photoacoustic pressure signal is averaged over the whole detector volume, which results in blurring and a reduced spatial resolution if reconstruction algorithms for point-like detectors are used. To characterize this trade-off between spatial resolution and sensitivity for a varying detector volume in a quantitative way the pressure is described by a random variable having the measured pressure as a mean value and noise as random fluctuations around that mean value ("stochastic process"). For a PVDF detector the optimum for the detector size is given.
Spectrum-folding scalar-feedback architecture for wideband DPD with simple feedback circuit (2017)

A novel wideband digital predistortion (DPD) technique that enables a simpler feedback circuit is proposed. The proposed scalar feedback method in baseband can reduce the number of analog to digital converter (ADC) while keeping its bandwidth same as the conventional method. DPD parameter determination algorithm is modified to enable the scalar feedback. To compare the performance of the proposed and conventional techniques, computer simulations are conducted. The results show that they have the same performance in terms of adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) and error vector magnitude (EVM). Experiments using carrier-aggregated LTE signal with two component carriers are also conducted to validate the results. The proposed technique can provide high nonlinear compensation performance with lower circuit complexity.
Performance of advanced telecommand frame synchronizer under pulsed jamming conditions (2017)

This paper studies frame synchronization for use with the advanced communication link transmission unit format that was recently proposed for updating the telecommand synchronization and channel coding standard for space applications. With a view to improving the robustness against jamming, future satellite telecommand systems are planning to adopt direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation and advanced channel coding. Compared to the frame synchronization algorithm specified in the current Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) recommendation, we consider a longer start sequence and relax the condition for declaring synchronization. We investigate the performance of this algorithm in the presence of jamming, and show that the frame synchronizer can be designed such that the overall system's robustness against pulsed jamming is limited by the robustness of the code rather than the synchronizer.
CistromeFinder for ChIP-seq and DNase-seq data reuse (2013)

xsliu@jimmy.harvard.edu or henry_long@dfci.harvard.edu.
A Thixotropic Polyglycerol Sebacate-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel as an Injectable Drug Delivery Matrix (2016)

We have developed a "self-healing" polyglycerol sebacate-polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PGS-PEGMEMA)/α-Cyclodextrin (αCD) hydrogel which could be sheared into a liquid during injection and has the potential to quickly "heal" itself back into gel post-injection. This hydrogel was shown to be biocompatible and biodegradable and therefore appropriate for use <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, the storage and loss moduli of the hydrogels could be tuned (by varying the concentration of αCD) between a fraction of a kPa to a few 100 kPa, a range that coincides with the moduli of cells and human soft tissues. This property would allow for this hydrogel to be used <i>in vivo</i> with maximal mechanical compatibility with human soft tissues. <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that the hydrogel demonstrated a linear mass erosion profile and a biphasic drug (doxorubicin) release profile: Phase I was primarily driven by diffusion and Phase II was driven by hydrogel erosion. The diffusion mechanism was modeled with the First Order equation and the erosion mechanism with the Hopfenberg equation. This established fitting model could be used to predict releases with other drugs and estimate the composition of the hydrogel required to achieve a desired release rate.
Vertical transmission and clinical signs in broiler breeders and broilers experiencing adenoviral gizzard erosion (2012)

The present report documents an outbreak of adenoviral gizzard erosion in 22 broiler flocks in Germany. The clinical picture was characterized by uneven growth of affected broilers that resulted in considerably lower than average weight at slaughtering. Fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) was isolated from gizzard lesions and histological examinations demonstrated FAdV-1-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in gizzard epithelial cells of affected broilers by in-situ hybridization. Birds from all affected flocks originated from one broiler breeder farm. During production of affected birds, broiler breeders were between 27 and 32 weeks old. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific virus neutralization assay of sera from parent birds demonstrated an acute FAdV-1 infection within the first 5 weeks of the production cycle. Clinically, broiler breeders exhibited a moderate fall in the hatchability of their chicks, while egg production remained normal. No further clinical signs could be observed. Genetically identical FAdV-1 strains were isolated from gizzards of embryos at the lowest point of hatchability and from affected broiler flocks raised on independent farms. For the first time, direct detection of viable FAdV-1 from gizzards of embryos and progenies of one FAdV-1-seropositive broiler breeder farm in the course of an outbreak of adenoviral gizzard erosion could be demonstrated, highlighting the importance of vertical transmission of this disease. Additionally, growth retardation and subsequent reduced average weight at the time of slaughter of broiler chickens underline the economic impact of adenoviral gizzard erosion for poultry production.