gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of metal ions in organic synthesis. Part XV. Reaction of (arylazo) alkenes and copper(II) chloride in dienophiles or acetone. Synthesis of some N-(α-chlorobenzylidene)-N′ -arylhydrazines (1983)

The reaction of (phenylazo) stilbene and copper(II) chloride wih some dienophiles produced benzaldehyde and N-(α-chlorobenzylidene)-N′-phenylhydrazine, instead of the expected (4+2)-cycloaddition products. By reaction of some (arylazo) alkenes and copper(II) chloride in acetone at 0 °C, the relative N-(α-chlorobenzylidene)-N′-arylhydrazine derivatives were successfully obtained in high yields.
Alteration of DNA methylation status induced by epidermal growth factor in gastric cancer cell line, MKN-74. (2003)

DNA methylation dynamics are an important key to understanding various biological events, particularly regulation of gene expressions. To test the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling may influence DNA methylation status in cancer cells, which will show several altered biological characters compared with those before EGF-stimulation, we evaluated DNA methylation status with/without EGF-stimulation. The specific alteration of biological character in the gastric cancer cell line, MKN-74, by EGF was demonstrated by DNA synthesis, apoptosis and morphology, revealing that high concentrations of EGF (10 nM) altered the morphology accompanying a moderate increase of cell growth with induction of apoptosis, while low concentrations of EGF (0.1 nM) induced a high increase of cell growth without either morphological change or apoptosis. Although DNA synthesis is almost the same between 0.1 nM of EGF (164%) and 10 nM of EGF (172%), 0.1 nM of EGF showed higher methyltransferase activity than 10 nM of EGF did with a significant difference. In addition, the studies for both the methyl-base uptake into DNA incorporated with DNA synthesis and the methyl-base accepting capacity in DNA showed that a high concentration of EGF (10 nM) induced the demethylated status of the DNA compared with that of 0.1 nM EGF. Thus, we demonstrated that DNA methylation status is affected by EGF-stimulation with alteration of cell biological character.
Phase stability ofZrO2−Al2O3thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering (1989)

Thin films of ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ were deposited on a variety of substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Nucleation and stability of the cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases of ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ were investigated over the entire composition range. As deposited films were all amorphous. Annealing in air at temperatures up to 1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for several hours resulted in the crystallization and evolution of ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ phases. X-ray diffraction studies suggested that films with [Zr]:[Al] atomic ratios up to 70:30 nucleated first with the zirconia in the cubic phase with subsequent transformation to a tetragonal phase as a function of annealing time. These results are consistent with the recent theoretical predictions that the cubic phase is unstable with respect to tetragonal and orthorhombic phases at lower temperatures. Observed decreases in volume of the monoclinic ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ phase with increasing ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ content suggest an internal compression that reduces the volume of the monoclinic cell to that of the tetragonal unit cell, at which point the tetragonal structure is then observed.
Low-Complexity Iterative Detection in Multi-User MIMO ISI Channels (2008)

We propose a low-cost detection strategy for multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with inter-symbol interference (ISI). The cyclic prefix (CP) technique is assumed. The proposed detection algorithm is derived in a very concise manner based on some elegant properties of circulant matrices. We show that multi-user detection and equalization can be carried out jointly and efficiently.
Case 41-1971 (1971)

Presentation of CaseA four-day-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of tachypnea and cyanosis.The child was the product of a normal pregnancy, labor and delivery of a 28-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, woman. He was graded 9 on the Apgar scale one minute and five minutes after birth, and examination was negative. The baby roomed with his mother and took breast feedings well. Two days after birth a Grade 2 systolic murmur was heard along the left sternal border; the heart was not enlarged. The liver was felt 1 or 2 cm below the right costal margin. . . .
Referral Patterns And Barriers To Physical Rehabilitation For Children And Adolescents With Cancer Across Canada (2020)

Two thirds of children who have been diagnosed with cancer will develop at least one chronic or long-term adverse effect of cancer treatment, many of which are amenable to physical rehabilitation (PR). PR may help reduce the burden of cancer side effects; however, research suggests few childhood cancer survivors access PR services. PURPOSE: To explore PR referral patterns and barriers to service provision for children and adolescents with cancer across Canada. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey in English and French languages was conducted. Participants identified were Canadian healthcare professionals (HCPs) who provide and/or refer children and adolescents with cancer to PR services. The survey gathered data on numbers of childhood cancers either seen or referred to PR, reasons that prompted referral to PR, and existing barriers and facilitators to PR programs. RESULTS: A total of 54 responses were received including physical therapists (n= 27), nurse and nurse practitioners (n= 10), pediatric oncologists and oncology residents (n= 9), occupational therapists (n= 6), a speech-language pathologist (n= 1), and an exercise professional (n= 1). Data indicate that approximately 25% of children with cancer are being referred to PR, suggesting less than optimal referral rates. While 70% of HCPs report referring children and adolescents to PR services; the primary reason for referral is when the child presents with, or is at risk of functional disability. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) was the second most common reason for referral to PR services (63%), and was identified by survey respondents as a rehabilitation research priority. The existence of a multidisciplinary team (52%), as well as the availability of PR space and equipment (33%) were the most commonly reported facilitators by the oncology medical team; while barriers to service provision included a lack of staffing (24%) and specialized PR services (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The survey results demonstrate that gaps in the health system such as limited resources and specialized services exist, that impact the implementation of PR programs. Results from this survey have informed the design of upcoming research investigating the feasibility and effects of an early PR program in children at risk of developing CIPN. No funding was received.
Exhaust Temperature Management for Diesel Engines Assessment of Engine Concepts and Calibration Strategies with Regard to Fuel Penalty (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Both, the continuous strengthening of the exhaust emission legislation and the striving for a substantial reduction of carbon dioxide output in the traffic sector depict substantial requirements for the development of future diesel engines. These engines will comprise not only the mandatory diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and particulate filter DPF but a NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; aftertreatment system as well - at least for heavier vehicles. The oxidation catalysts as well as currently available NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; aftertreatment technologies, i.e., LNT and SCR, rely on sufficient exhaust gas temperatures to achieve a proper conversion. This is getting more and more critical due to the fact that today's and future measures for CO₂ reduction will result in further decrease of engine-out temperatures. Additionally this development has to be considered in the light of further engine electrification and hybridization scenarios. To maintain the high NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; conversion level in the aftertreatment system adequate temperature management strategies will be beneficial. This includes not only conventional calibration measures such as throttling, split-main or post injection but also further evolution of the engine hardware such as cam phasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Split-cooling and other thermal management measures have the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions and increase exhaust temperature during cold start at the same time. But also highly variable valve trains open up a wide spread of potential thermo management measures. In this paper different concepts for exhaust gas temperature management will be analyzed and compared. The assessment will focus on the effectiveness regarding the exhaust temperature increase and the related fuel economy penalty. Further factors such as robustness, effects on operation strategy and required software functions and cost are discussed as well. The engine used in this study was an optimized in-line 4-cylinder research engine to achieve best combustion behavior for lowest engine-out emissions and highest fuel efficiency. The investigations were carried out with pilot injection and simulated closed loop combustion control. The engine used in this study is capable to meet Euro 6 emissions limits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With all accomplished variations a significant increase in temperature downstream low pressure turbine can be achieved. The quantity of pilot and post injection plays an important role for emission formation under warm and under cold conditions. By using an exhaust cam-phaser CO-, HC- and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions can be significantly reduced distinguishing exhaust cam-phasing from the other investigated strategies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Deep Q-Learning for Routing Schemes in SDN-Based Data Center Networks (2020)

In order to adapt to the rapid development of cloud computing, big data, and other technologies, the combination of data center networks and SDN is proposed to make network management more convenient and flexible. With this advantage, routing strategies have been extensively studied by researchers. However, the strategies in the controller mainly rely on manual design, the optimal solutions are difficult to be obtained in the dynamic network environment. So the strategies based on artificial intelligence (AI) are being considered. This paper proposes a novel routing strategy based on deep Q-learning (DQL) to generate optimal routing paths autonomously for SDN-based data center networks. To satisfy the different demands of mice-flows and elephant-flows in data center networks, deep Q networks are trained for them respectively to achieve low latency and low packet loss rate for mice-flows as well as high throughput and low packet loss rate for elephant-flows. Furthermore, with the consideration of the distribution of traffic and the limited resources of data center networks and SDN, we choose port rate and flow table utilization to describe the network state. Simulation results show that compared with Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) routing and Selective Randomized Load Balancing (SRL)+FlowFit, the proposed routing scheme can reduce both the average delay of mice-flows and average packet loss rate, while increase the average throughput of elephant-flows.
XML after 1.0: you ain't seen nothin' yet (1999)

The prevalence of XML in discussions of the Web and its application to such diverse application domains in the past year (1998-99) have almost eclipsed the fact that the 1.0 specification, approved as a W3C Recommendation in February 1998, is only the first part of the "structured documents" originally envisioned. The specifications for two more parts-hypertext link types and the stylesheet language-are nearing completion, and the W3C chartered new working groups last year (1998) to generate new members of the family.
Studies on the Metabolic Fate of NZ-105. (II). Transfer into the Fetus and Milk, and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion after Repeated Administration to Rats. (1991)

Transfer of radioactivities into the fetus and milk after oral administration of 14C-NZ-105 to pregnant or lactating rats were studied. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-NZ-105 were studied in male rats after repeated oral administration (21 times) at the dose of 10mg, /kg/day. 1. On day 13 and 18 of gestation, the autoradiography revealed that the radioactivity in the fetus was very lower than that in the maternal blood. On day 18 of gestation, the radioactivity in the fetal blood and liver was lower than that in the maternal plasma. 2. Radioactivity level in the milk was similar to that of plasma but it disappeared below detection limit at 48hr after oral administration. 3. Blood levels of radioactivity at 24hr after daily dosing increased with the number of doses. Blood concentration at 24hr after the 21-st dose was 8 times higher than blood concentration at 24hr after the first dosing respectively. 4. After repeated administration, the radioactivities in most of tisuues at 24hr reached the steady state after the 14-th administration. 5. The cumulative excretion of radioactivity in urine and feces accounted for 2.8% and 97.5% of the total dose, respectively, within 120hr after the final administration. 6. The ratio of unchanged drug to its metabolites, measured as a fraction of total radioactivity in the plasma at 2hr after the last dosing was similar to that after the single dose.
Introduction (2014)

Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of astrology at Rome, and gives details about the scope and approach of the book, a summary of the chapters, and the place of the research within current secondary scholarship.
Conservation of the Amsterdam Sunflowers: From Past to Future (2019)

This chapter considers the conservation of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, now at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, from past to future. It starts with the two main episodes of treatment performed in 1927 and 1961 by the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas. Archival research provides an outline of Traas’s training, career, methods and approach viewed in the context of his day. Technical and scientific investigation of the Sunflowers helps understand what these former treatments by Traas (which are barely documented) entailed. Based on these insights, the condition of the painting is appraised and a conservation strategy defined. The past interventions severely limit options for renewed treatment. On balance the tendency is firmly towards preventive conservation, with only minor restoration performed.
Increased Yield in Slicing Cucumbers with Vertical Training of Plants and Reduced Plant Spacing (1987)

Abstract In field experiments conducted during 2 years, substantial yield increases were obtained with vertically trained (staked) cucumber plants ( Cucumis sativus L.) over vining plants (unstaked). The marketable yield was doubled in some instances, and fruit rot was reduced significantly. More female flowers set and developed into marketable fruits on vertically trained plants than on vining plants. The fresh weight, length, and width of the leaves on the main stem of the staked plants prior to the first harvest were also greater than on unstaked plants. The staked plant fresh weight prior to the first harvest and after the last harvest was significantly greater than that of unstaked plants, but both had the same number of female flowers. Reducing within- row plant spacing from 30 to 15 cm significantly increased yield. Weekly foliar fertilization with 1.5N-0.4P-0.6K (kg·ha −1 ) for 8 weeks did not increase yield.
Remote Sensing Time Series to Evaluate Direct Land Use Change of Recent Expanded Sugarcane Crop in Brazil (2011)

Mitigation of global carbon emissions to prevent global warming potential using biofuels is highly dependent on direct and indirect land use change (LUC). There are still several uncertainties about how to assess the indirect LUC impacts of biofuels. However, direct LUC (dLUC) can be evaluated using remote sensing (RS). The present work has the aim to quantify the dLUC occurred during the recent sugarcane expansion for ethanol and sugar production concentrated in the South-Central region of Brazil. This region has a favorable climate for sugarcane production and also a great potential for agriculture expansion. Yearly monitoring from 2005 to 2010 using Landsat type imagery has shown that the sugarcane crop expanded during this period over 3.5 Mha in the South-Central region. To evaluate the dLUC in response to the expanded sugarcane area we used RS time series from the MODIS sensor transformed to the two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2), acquired from 2000 to 2009. The original sugarcane map was re-sampled to a pixel size of 250 x 250 m to be compatible with spatial resolution of the MODIS images. One percent of these pixels were systematically sampled covering 1035 pixels. Each of these pixels were carefully analyzed using a special developed web tool to visualize the entire MODIS time series overlaid with several Landsat-5 TM images acquired at key periods in order to correctly identify the land use/land cover prior to the sugarcane crop. Considering 2000 as reference year for the dLUC evaluation it was observed that: 69.8% of the sugarcane expanded on pasture land; 26.2% expanded on annual crops; 0.6% expanded on native vegetation; and 3.4 % was not sugarcane expansion but sugarcane renovation using crop rotation. It was interesting to notice that 35% of the pasture land in 2000 converted to sugarcane was first converted to annual crops. This practice is commonly adopted for one to two years on degraded pasture to improve the physical soil characteristics before introducing the sugarcane crop. It was also observed that the 0.6 % of native vegetation changed to sugarcane was previously converted to either annual crop (33%) or pasture land (67%). Although the analysis needs to be further refined the results clearly show that the dLUC observed during the recent sugarcane expansion for ethanol and sugar production in the South-Central region of Brazil is mainly occurring on pasture and agricultural land.
Oral pH-modified release budesonide for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, collagenous and lymphocytic colitis (2008)

Oral pH-modified release budesonide induces remission in mild-to-moderately active Crohn's disease of the ileum and/or ascending colon. This drug is useful to replace conventional systemic glucocorticoids in patients with ileocoecal Crohn's disease. Open-label studies showed efficacy in ulcerative colitis, but this finding has to be confirmed in controlled trials. Oral pH-modified release budesonide is also effective for the treatment of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis.
Automated seeding-based nuclei segmentation in nonlinear optical microscopy (2013)

Nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy based, e.g., on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) or two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a fast label-free imaging technique, with a great potential for biomedical applications. However, NLO microscopy as a diagnostic tool is still in its infancy; there is a lack of robust and durable nuclei segmentation methods capable of accurate image processing in cases of variable image contrast, nuclear density, and type of investigated tissue. Nonetheless, such algorithms specifically adapted to NLO microscopy present one prerequisite for the technology to be routinely used, e.g., in pathology or intraoperatively for surgical guidance. In this paper, we compare the applicability of different seeding and boundary detection methods to NLO microscopic images in order to develop an optimal seeding-based approach capable of accurate segmentation of both TPEF and CARS images. Among different methods, the Laplacian of Gaussian filter showed the best accuracy for the seeding of the image, while a modified seeded watershed segmentation was the most accurate in the task of boundary detection. The resulting combination of these methods followed by the verification of the detected nuclei performs high average sensitivity and specificity when applied to various types of NLO microscopy images.
Performance improvement using on-board wires for on-chip interconnects (2002)

Utilizing a stochastic global-net length distribution for a projected giga-scale integration (GSI) chip in year 2011, the number of total off-chip layers and pads required for a specified decrease of the maximum on-chip interconnect length are calculated. For example, by adding four off-chip layers to the on-chip interconnects of the projected microprocessor, the global clock frequency can be increased from 3 GHz to 4 GHz, which is the maximum possible value limited by the time of flight delay.
TrkB overexpression in mice buffers against memory deficits and depression-like behavior but not all anxiety- and stress-related symptoms induced by developmental exposure to methylmercury (2014)

Developmental exposure to low dose of methylmercury (MeHg) has a long-lasting effect on memory and attention deficits in humans, as well as cognitive performance, depression-like behavior and the hippocampal levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf)in mice. The Bdnf receptor TrkB is a key player of Bdnf signaling. Using transgenic animals, here we analyzed the effect of the full-length TrkB overexpression (TK+) on behavior impairments induced by perinatal MeHg. TK overexpression in the MeHg-exposed mice enhanced generalized anxiety and cue memory in the fear conditioning (FC) test. Early exposure to MeHg induced deficits in reversal spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and depression-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST) in only wild-type (WT) mice but did not affect these parameters in TK+ mice. These changes were associated with TK+ effect on the increase in Bdnf 2, 3, 4 and 6 transcription in the hippocampus as well as with interaction of TK+ and MeHg factors for Bdnf 1, 9a and truncated TrkB.T1 transcripts in the prefrontal cortex. However, the MeHg-induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests was ameliorated by TK+ background only in the OF test. Moreover, TK overexpression in the MeHg mice did not prevent significant stress-induced weight loss during the period of adaptation to individual housing in metabolic cages. These TK genotype-independent changes were primarily accompanied by the MeHg-induced hippocampal deficits in the activity-dependent Bdnf 1, 4 and 9a variants, TrkB.T1, and transcripts for important antioxidant enzymes glyoxalases Glo1 and Glo2 and glutathione reductase Gsr. Our data suggest a role of full-length TrkB in buffering against memory deficits and depression-like behavior in the MeHg mice but propose the involvement of additional pathways, such as the antioxidant system or TrkB.T1 signaling, in stress- or anxiety-related responses induced by developmental MeHg exposure.
Discussion of “Method to Implement Delayed Product Differentiation in Construction of High-Rise Apartment Building Projects” by Cecília Gravina da Rocha and Sergio Luiz Kemmer (2014)

Ibrahim Bakry, Ph.D., S.M.ASCE; Osama Moselhi, F.ASCE; and Tarek Zayed, M.ASCE Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia Univ., 1455 Blvd. de Maisonneuve W, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1M8 (corresponding author). E-mail: bakryibrahim@yahoo.com Professor, Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia Univ., 1455 Blvd. de Maisonneuve W, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1M8. E-mail: moselhi@encs.concordia.ca Professor, Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia Univ., 1455 Blvd. de Maisonneuve W, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1M8. E-mail: Tarek.Zayed@concordia.ca