gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Optimization Algorithm for Improved Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded PV Systems (2023)

Due to the rapid advancement in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, it has become critical to look for ways to improve the energy generated by them. The extracted power from the PV modules is proportional to the output voltage. The relationship between output power and array voltage has only one peak under uniform irradiance, whereas it has multiple peaks under partial shade conditions (PSCs). There is only one global peak (GP) and many local peaks (LPs), where the typical maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) may become locked in one of the LPs, significantly reducing the PV system’s generated power and efficiency. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MOAs) solved this problem, albeit at the expense of the convergence time, which is one of these algorithms’ key shortcomings. Most MOAs attempt to lower the convergence time at the cost of the failure rate and the accuracy of the findings because these two factors are interdependent. To address these issues, this work introduces the dandelion optimization algorithm (DOA), a novel optimization algorithm. The DOA’s convergence time and failure rate are compared to other modern MOAs in critical scenarios of partial shade PV systems to demonstrate the DOA’s superiority. The results obtained from this study showed substantial performance improvement compared to other MOAs, where the convergence time was reduced to 0.4 s with zero failure rate compared to 0.9 s, 1.25 s, and 0.43 s for other MOAs under study. The optimal number of search agents in the swarm, the best initialization of search agents, and the optimal design of the dc–dc converter are introduced for optimal MPPT performance.
Accumulation of germanium in the tissues of a long-term user of germanium preparation died of acute renal failure. (1985)

Acute renal failure developed in a patient accompanied by systemic manifestations such as myopathy and skin rash. The patient, a middle aged house wife, had been taking 600 mg of germanium (Ge) preparation daily for 18 months as an elixir. The main component of the preparation was GeO2 and some organic compound was also present. Histological study of the kidney post mortem showed foamy cell transformation of glomerular epithelia, degeneration of tubular epithelia with red blood cell casts and urate crystals, and a mild proliferation of mesangial matrix. Analysis of the tissue content of Ge, prompted by her history, revealed an increased accumulation of the metal. As compared to a non-user died of liver cirrhosis, the concentration of the metal was higher particularly in the spleen (183X), thyroid gland (175X), psoas muscle (93X), jejunum (76X), and renal cortex (69X). So far, neither accumulation of Ge in humal tissue nor systemic toxicity of the Ge in human has been reported. The relevance of massive accumulation of Ge to the renal failure as well as to other systemic manifestations the patient presented remains to be clarified.
Effect of a peptide in cosmetic formulations for hairhumidity-control (2014)

Humidity affects hair by changing the surface texture of the fiber. In higher humidity conditions, it is verified an increase of water uptake, which causes the swelling of the hair fibers. This leads to the extension of the hair cuticles and consequent increased friction between fibers, which causes static and an increase in the volume of hair tresses. However, these changes are distinct in different types of ethnic hair, where Caucasian Brown hair evidences a higher increase in hair tresses volume. We tested the application of several climate control formulations with and without a keratinbased peptide. The hair tresses treated with the formulations containing the peptide showed reduced volume change even after several hours of high humidity conditions. Due to its chemical nature, the peptide has affinity towards the hair fiber providing long-lasting moisture resistance and allowing it application in climate control formulations.
Semantic enrichment of interoperable databases (2002)

Integrated access to a federated database system, requires a deep knowledge about the semantics of its component databases so that interdatabase semantic relationships can be detected. Unfortunately, very often there is a lack of such a knowledge and the local schemas do not help to acquire it. The solution is to upgrade the semantic level of the local schemas through a semantic enrichment process where implicit knowledge is discovered and made explicit. The author outlines a methodology for semantic enrichment consisting of two phases. In the knowledge acquisition phase, restrictions in the form of different types of identifiers and dependencies of several kinds of are discovered by analyzing the intension and the extension of the database. Then, in the conversion phase, the schemas augmented with this knowledge are converted to rich schemas expressed in a canonical object oriented model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formation of excited H by impact of H/sub 1//sup +/,H/sub 2//sup +/,H/sub 3//sup +/ ions on metal surfaces. [20 to 200 keV] (1977)

The H/sub ..beta../ line emission from backscattered excited H atoms when polycrystalline Mo and Cu targets were bombarded by H/sub 1//sup +/, H/sub 2//sup +/, and H/sub 3//sup +/ ions at 20 to 200 keV was studied. The line profile yields information on the distribution in speed and angles of the particles. Projectile energy dependence of the Balmer line emission coefficient is shown for H/sub 1//sup +/ and H/sub 2//sup +/ on Mo and H/sub 1//sup +/, H/sub 2//sup +/, and H/sub 3//sup +/ on Cu. The model adopted for predicting emission coefficient remains valid provided account is taken of the energy dependence of the probability of recoils' being excited. The emission coefficient is not a sensitive function of the fraction of backscattered atoms. The emission coefficient for a high-impact-energy proton is dominated by the low-energy recoils. 2 figures. (RWR)
On Approximating the Rate Region for Source Coding with Coded Side Information (2007)

The achievable rate region for the problem of lossless source coding with coded side information was derived by Ahlswede and Korner in 1975. While the Ahlswede-Korner bound completely characterizes the achievable rate region when the source and side information are memoryless, calculating this bound for a given memoryless joint probability mass function on the source and side information requires an optimization over all possible auxiliary random variables meeting a given Markov condition and alphabet size constraint. This optimization turns out to be surprisingly difficult even for very simple distributions on the source and side information. We here propose a (1 + <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">epsiv</i> )-approximation algorithm for the given rate region. The proposed technique involves quantization of a space of conditional distributions followed by linear programming. The resulting algorithm guarantees performance within a multiplicative factor (1 + <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">epsiv</i> ) of the optimal performance - even when that optimal performance is unknown.
CYCLIC SULFATE FORMATION FROM EPOXIDES (1978)

Abstract The reactions of 2,4,6-tri-tert-buty1-4,5-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexenone and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-2,3,4,5-diepoxy-6-hydroxycyclohexanone with sulfuric acid in acetic anhydride led to opening of the epoxy ring at 4-position to give the corresponding 4,5-sulfonyldioxy derivatives (cyclic sulfates).
P1–007: Alterations in metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in the APP V717F transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Dysregulation of glutamatergic signalling has been implicated in chronic neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, changes in the expression of both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors were investigated in the APP V717F transgenic mouse model of AD. Using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical procedures, glutamate receptor expression was compared in different brain regions of mice taken at 3, 9 and 20 months of age. Increased expression of both mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors were detected in the cortices of homozygous APP V717F (+/+) mice compared to wild type (–/–) mice at 3, 9 and 20 months of age. In contrast, significant reductions in mGlu1 and 5 receptor expression were found in the hippocampal regions of 9 and 20 month old (+/+) mice compared to age matched (–/–) mice. mGlu2/3 receptors were reduced in the hippocampal but not cortical regions of 20 month (+/+) mice whereas mGlu7 receptor expression was unchanged in (+/+) mouse brain at all ages studied. Changes in NMDA receptor expression were similar to mGlu1/5 receptors with increased cortical and decreased hippocampal expression in (+/+) versus (–/–) mice at 9 and 20 months of age. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in NR1 and mGlu5 receptor expression on glial cells in the corpus callosum of APPV717F mice at 20 months of age. No changes were observed for glutamate receptors expressed in cerebellar regions of (+/+) mouse brains at any age. In vitro studies show that glutamate receptor expression may be modified directly by exposure to beta amyloid peptide. Incubation of mouse astrocytes with beta amyloid 1–40 peptide caused a marked increase in mGlu5 receptor mRNA and protein levels. These results show that during early and late stages of AD pathogenesis differential alterations in expression of glutamate receptors may occur in brain regions associated with beta amyloid deposition.
Compression and Creep of Venice Lagoon Sands (2012)

A laboratory test program was conducted to evaluate the one-dimensional (1D) compression and creep properties of intact sand (and silty-sand) samples from a deep borehole at the Malamocco Inlet to the Venice Lagoon. The tests were performed with a constant rate of strain consolidometer and included special procedures for trimming the frozen samples and measuring strains during thawing and backpressure saturation. The specimens had variable fine fractions ranging from 6 to 21% and mica contents ranging from 1 to 10%. The results confirmed that there is a strong correlation between the creep rate coefficient and the compressibility index and between the swelling index and mica content. The compression behavior in all tests is well described by a nonlinear compression model with a unique limiting compression curve and a variable transition parameter that reflects the fines and mica content. Creep tests performed at different confining pressures are also well represented by a simple two-parameter model.
Multiple polyamine transport systems on the vacuolar membrane in yeast (2001)

We recently identified a gene (TPO1, YLL028w) that encodes a polyamine transport protein on the vacuolar membrane in yeast [Tomitori, Kashiwagi, Sakata, Kakinuma and Igarashi (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3265-3267]. Because the existence of one or more other genes for a polyamine transport protein on the vacuolar membrane was expected, we searched sequence databases for homologues of the protein encoded by TPO1. Membrane proteins encoded by the open reading frames YGR138c (TPO2), YPR156c (TPO3) and YOR273c (TPO4) were postulated to be polyamine transporters and, indeed, were subsequently shown to be polyamine transport proteins on the vacuolar membrane. Cells overexpressing these genes were resistant to polyamine toxicity and showed an increase in polyamine uptake activity and polyamine content in vacuoles. Furthermore, cells in which these genes were disrupted showed an increased sensitivity to polyamine toxicity and a decrease in polyamine uptake activity and polyamine content in vacuoles. Resistance to polyamine toxicity in cells overexpressing the genes was overcome by bafilomycin A(1), an inhibitor of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Among the four polyamine transporters, those encoded by TPO2 and TPO3 were specific for spermine, whereas those encoded by TPO1 and TPO4 recognized spermidine and spermine. These results suggest that polyamine content in the cytoplasm of yeast is elaborately regulated by several polyamine transport systems in vacuoles. Furthermore, it was shown that Glu-207, Glu-324 (or Glu-323) and Glu-574 of TPO1 protein were important for the transport activity.
<title>Determining Lang and Kobayashi Hopf bifurcation points</title> (1995)

The Hopf bifurcation points for single mode solutions of the Lang and Kobayashi equations are determined using asymptotic methods. The approximation is based on a small parameter (epsilon) which is defined as the ratio of the photon and carrier lifetimes. The remaining parameters are scaled with respect to (epsilon) . The critical feedback rate for a Hopf bifurcation is studied in terms of the pump parameter and is either an 0((epsilon) ) or an 0((epsilon) <SUP>1/2</SUP>) quantity. At a fixed value of the pump parameter, we obtain an expression of the Hopf bifurcation point in terms of the effective feedback strength and the feedback phase. In addition, we investigate the Hopf bifurcation point near and at the lasing threshold.
Heat Release Rates Of Fully-developed Fires In Railcars (2005)

8th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science September 18-23, 2005,Beijing, China OVERVIEW The Eighth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science was held at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, from 18-23 September […]
Hard Truths About Suicide Prevention (2020)

Suicide accounts for nearly 50 000 deaths annually in the US, making it the second leading cause of death among persons 10 to 34 years of age. 1 Although psychiatric illness is associated with elevated rates of death from a range of causes, from cardiovascular disease to cancer, 2 suicide stands out: it occurs precipitously, disproportionately involves younger individuals, and is generally viewed as more preventable.
Injection-locked Fabry-P&#x00E9;rot laser for true linear intensity modulation (2012)

A high speed intensity modulator with a linear transfer function is one of the key components in signal processing, optical communication and in high performance photonic analog to digital converters (ADC) for advanced Radar systems. Typically two types of modulators are available: electro-absorption and electro-optic modulators. The former has a linear response and large bandwidth but they are sensitive to temperature and wavelength changes and they cannot handle high optical power. The latter provides high speed modulation, high optical power handling and good bias stability but exhibits weak voltage sensitivity and a nonlinear transfer function which limits the spur free dynamic range [1].
The taxonomic identity and physiological ecology ofChlamydomonas hedleyisp. nov. algal flagellate symbiont from the foraminiferArchaias angulatus (1974)

The fine structure of the symbiotic alga isolated from the formainiferan Archaias angulatus (Fichtel et Moll) DeMontfort is typical of the Chlorophyceae of the volvocalean and chlorococcalean lines. Spherical non-motile cells, 10–14 μm in diameter, characterise the dominant life cycle phase. Long oval motile forms with truncated apices are present 3–5 days after transfer to fresh medium. The pyrenoids are embedded anteriorly in the singly bilobed chloroplast and are surrounded by a sheath of starch platelets. In spite of the non-motile state of cells in older cultures (which is perhaps a reflection of its normally symbiotic condition), the alga is identified as a species of the volvocalean genus Chlamydomonas and is named C. hedleyi sp. nov. The symbiont has no vitamin or organic requirements but growth is increased threefold in the presence of thiamine, and twofold in the presence of 1 μm glutamic acid, histidine and methionine. Urea was the best nitrogen source tested. Purines and pyrimidines did not serve as nitrogen sources. Chlamydomonas hedleyi grows well in a salinity range of 6->52‰. and a pH range of 6–8·5, 7·04 × 10-7 m carbon h-1 g-1 was fixed by the symbiont, 57% being released into the medium as a chromatographically homogeneous organic molecule provisionally identified as mannitol.
Isolation and characterisation of fluorinated derivatives of [76]- and [78]fullerenes (1999)

From the fluorination of [76]fullerene with MnF3 at 450–500 °C, followed by HPLC separation of 2–3 mg of the products, we have isolated and characterised the following derivatives: C76F36, C76F38 (the main component, of C1 symmetry), C76F40 (five isomers, one of which has C2 symmetry), C76F42, C76F44, C76F40O, and C76F39OH (containing also some C76F37OH, and C76F41OH) and C78F42 (arising from traces of [78]fullerene present in the original [76]fullerene). Two unresolved mixtures were also obtained, one consisting of C76F32 and C78F38, the other consisting of other isomers of C76F36, C76F38, C76F40 and C76F42. The compounds are essentially colourless, but give lemon-coloured solutions in toluene due to formation of charge-transfer complexes.
La Pharmacopée de l’abbé Morin en 1864 (2016)

La Pharmacopée ou Recueil des remèdes divins trouvés dans les papiers d’un vieux curé de campagne après sa mort est un ouvrage de près de 400 pages constitué d’une longue liste de maladies avec les traitements associés, suivie d’une série de recettes pour répondre aux besoins de la vie quotidienne (comment conserver le vin, faire du Champagne, des recettes pour faire du mastic, etc.). La dernière partie, très originale, s’intéresse aux maléfices, c’est-à-dire aux maladies qui ne trouvent pas d’explications naturelles et pour lesquelles la médaille de Saint-Benoît fait merveille, d’après l’auteur. Cette pharmacopée de 1864 est l’exemple même de «l’assemblage incohérent» dont parle Tardieu en 1862 à propos du Clergé et de la pharmacie. Elle est, de ce point de vue, l’archétype de ce que les pharmaciens du XIXe siècle souhaitent voir disparaître depuis la loi de Germinal an XI (1803) mais qui va persister jusqu’au début du XXe siècle : l’exercice illégal de la pharmacie par le clergé.
The joint limiting distribution of sums and maxima of stationary sequences (1991)

The joint limiting distribution of suitably normalized partial sums and maxima in a stationary strong mixing sequence with finite variance is derived. It is found that in the limit the two components are independent. This generalizes Chow and Teugels' result for independent sequences. Motivation for the present study comes from a statistical problem in the analysis of extreme winds.
VLDP web server: a powerful geometric tool for analysing protein structures in their environment (2013)

Protein structures are an ensemble of atoms determined experimentally mostly by X-ray crystallography or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Studying 3D protein structures is a key point for better understanding protein function at a molecular level. We propose a set of accurate tools, for analysing protein structures, based on the reliable method of Voronoi-Laguerre tessellations. The Voronoi Laguerre Delaunay Protein web server (VLDPws) computes the Laguerre tessellation on a whole given system first embedded in solvent. Through this fine description, VLDPws gives the following data: (i) Amino acid volumes evaluated with high precision, as confirmed by good correlations with experimental data. (ii) A novel definition of inter-residue contacts within the given protein. (iii) A measure of the residue exposure to solvent that significantly improves the standard notion of accessibility in some cases. At present, no equivalent web server is available. VLDPws provides output in two complementary forms: direct visualization of the Laguerre tessellation, mostly its polygonal molecular surfaces; files of volumes; and areas, contacts and similar data for each residue and each atom. These files are available for download for further analysis. VLDPws can be accessed at http://www.dsimb.inserm.fr/dsimb_tools/vldp.
Normal Cellular Processing of the β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein Results in the Secretion of the Amyloid β Peptide and Related Moleculesa (1993)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the extracellular deposition in the brain and its blood vessels of insoluble aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (A beta). This peptide is derived from a large integral membrane protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP), by proteolytic processing. The A beta has previously been found only in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease or advanced aging. We describe here the finding that A beta is produced continuously by normal processing in tissue culture cells. A beta and closely related peptides were identified in the media of cells transfected with cDNAs coding for beta APP in a variety of cell lines and primary tissue cultured cells. The identity of these peptides was confirmed by epitope mapping and radiosequencing. Peptides of a molecular weight of approximately 3 and approximately 4 kDa are described. The 4 kDa range contains mostly the A beta and two related peptides starting N-terminal to the beginning of A beta. In the 3 kDa range, the majority of peptides start at the secretase site; in addition, two longer peptides were found starting at amino acid F(4) and E(11) of the A beta sequence. To identify the processing pathways which lead to the secretion of these peptides, we used a variety of drugs known to interfere with certain cell biological pathways. We conclude that lysosomes may not play a predominant role in the formation of 3 and 4 kDa peptides. We show that an acidic environment is necessary to create the N-terminus of the A beta and postulate that alternative secretory cleavage might result in the formation of the N-terminus of A beta and related peptides. This cleavage takes place either in the late Golgi, at the cell-surface or in early endosomes, but not in lysosomes. The N-terminus of most of the 3 kDa peptides is created by secretory cleavage on the cell surface or within late Golgi.
Support vector machine classification of multi-channel EEG traces: A new tool to analyze the brain response to morphine treatment (2010)

The analgesic effect of morphine is highly individual, calling for objective methods to predict the subjective pain relief. Such methods might be based on alteration of brain response caused by morphine during painful stimuli. The study included 11 healthy volunteers subjectively quantifying perception of painful electrical stimulations in the esophagus. Brain evoked potentials following stimulations were recorded from sixty-four electroencephalographic channels at baseline and ninety minutes after morphine administration. Marginals obtained from discrete wavelet coefficients for each channel were used as input to an optimized support vector machine classifying between baseline and after morphine administration. The electroencephalographic channel leading to the best performance was further analyzed to identify brain alterations caused by morphine. Marginals from volunteers with no analgesic effect were examined for differences in comparison to volunteers with effect. The single-channel classification showed best performance at electrode P4 with 84.1 % of the traces classified correctly. When combining features from the 6 best performing channels, the multichannel classification increased to 92.4 %. The most discriminative feature was a decrease in the delta band (0.5 - 4 Hz) after morphine for volunteers with analgesic effect. Volunteers with no effect of morphine showed an increase in the delta band after drug administration. As only a proportion of patients benefit from opioid treatment, the new approach may help to identify non-responders and guide individualized tailored analgesic therapy.