gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s disease in people with Down’s syndrome: the prospects for and the challenges of developing preventative treatments (2016)

People with Down's syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a relatively young age. This increased risk is not observed in people with intellectual disabilities for reasons other than DS and for this reason it is unlikely to be due to non-specific effects of having a neurodevelopmental disorder but, instead, a direct consequence of the genetics of DS (trisomy 21). Given the location of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21, the amyloid cascade hypothesis is the dominant theory accounting for this risk, with other genetic and environmental factors modifying the age of onset and the course of the disease. Several potential therapies targeting the amyloid pathway and aiming to modify the course of AD are currently being investigated, which may also be useful for treating AD in DS. However, given that the neuropathology associated with AD starts many years before dementia manifests, any preventative treatment must start well before the onset of symptoms. To enable trials of such interventions, plasma, CSF, brain, and retinal biomarkers are being studied as proxy early diagnostic and outcome measures for AD. In this systematic review, we consider the prospects for the development of potential preventative treatments of AD in the DS population and their evaluation.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Strain Lz4W (2013)

The psychrophilic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain Lz4W was isolated from soil samples from Antarctica to decipher the mechanisms of low-temperature adaptation. We report here the 4.982-Mb draft genome sequence of P. syringae Lz4W. This sequence will provide insights into the genomic basis of the psychrophilicity of this bacterium.
Validation of preferred salt concentration in soup based on a randomized blinded experiment in multiple regions in Japan—influence of umami (l-glutamate) on saltiness and palatability of low-salt solutions (2020)

Sodium reduction is an important public health goal. Individual and population approaches are necessary for reducing the sodium content of processed foods and meals. The aim of the present study is to affirm the effect of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), an umami substance, on the saltiness or palatability of low-salt solutions and to explore the preferred salt concentration in soup. Five hundred and eighty-four healthy participants from nineteen regions in Japan tasted 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% NaCl solutions with or without 0.3% MSG. Evaluations of saltiness and palatability for each solution were conducted using a visual analog scale in a double-blinded randomized manner. Saltiness gradually increased depending on the concentration of NaCl. The saltiness of the 0.3% NaCl solution with MSG was rated significantly higher than that without MSG. The palatability ratings were higher for the solutions with MSG than for those without MSG for all NaCl concentrations. In particular, the palatability rating of the 0.3% NaCl solution with MSG was twice as high as that without MSG and was significantly higher than that of the other five test solutions. Furthermore, these results were observed to be approximately the same, irrespective of sex, age, region, etc. Salt reduction is believed to result in a loss of palatability. However, our results suggest that umami can compensate for the loss of palatability caused by salt reduction and that the addition of an appropriate amount of an umami substance can facilitate salt reduction from 0.9 to 0.3% without sacrificing palatability.
mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate skin morphogenesis and epidermal barrier formation (2016)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a regulator of growth in many tissues, mediates its activity through two multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 or mTORC2. The role of mTOR signalling in skin morphogenesis and epidermal development is unknown. Here we identify mTOR as an essential regulator in skin morphogenesis by epidermis-specific deletion of Mtor in mice (mTOR<sup>EKO</sup>). mTOR<sup>EKO</sup> mutants are viable, but die shortly after birth due to deficits primarily during the early epidermal differentiation programme and lack of a protective barrier development. Epidermis-specific loss of Raptor, which encodes an essential component of mTORC1, confers the same skin phenotype as seen in mTOR<sup>EKO</sup> mutants. In contrast, newborns with an epidermal deficiency of Rictor, an essential component of mTORC2, survive despite a hypoplastic epidermis and disruption in late stage terminal differentiation. These findings highlight a fundamental role for mTOR in epidermal morphogenesis that is regulated by distinct functions for mTORC1 and mTORC2.
Glucose transporter expression in human skeletal muscle fibers (2000)

The present study was initiated to investigate GLUT-1 through -5 expression in developing and mature human skeletal muscle. To bypass the problems inherent in techniques using tissue homogenates, we applied an immunocytochemical approach, employing the sensitive enhanced tyramide signal amplification (TSA) technique to detect the localization of glucose transporter expression in human skeletal muscle. We found expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and GLUT-4 in developing human muscle fibers showing a distinct expression pattern. 1) GLUT-1 is expressed in human skeletal muscle cells during gestation, but its expression is markedly reduced around birth and is further reduced to undetectable levels within the first year of life; 2) GLUT-3 protein expression appears at 18 wk of gestation and disappears after birth; and 3) GLUT-4 protein is diffusely expressed in muscle cells throughout gestation, whereas after birth, the characteristic subcellular localization is as seen in adult muscle fibers. Our results show that GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and GLUT-4 seem to be of importance during muscle fiber growth and development. GLUT-5 protein was undetectable in fetal and adult skeletal muscle fibers. In adult muscle fibers, only GLUT-4 was expressed at significant levels. GLUT-1 immunoreactivity was below the detection limit in muscle fibers, indicating that this glucose transporter is of minor importance for muscle glucose supply. Thus we hypothesize that GLUT-4 also mediates basal glucose transport in muscle fibers, possibly through constant exposure to tonal contraction and basal insulin levels.
Preparation of Oligonucleotide Arrays with High-Density DNA Deposition and High Hybridization Efficiency (2004)

In DNA microarray produced by DNA-deposition technology, DNA-immobilization and -hybridization yields on a solid support are most important factors for its accuracy and sensitivity. We have developed a dendrimeric support using silylated aldehyde slides and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. An oligonucleotide array was prepared through a crosslinking between the dendrimeric support and an oligonucleotide. Both DNAimmobilization and -hybridization yields on the solid support increased by the modification with the dendrimers. The increase of the immobilization and hybridization efficiency seems to result from a threedimensional arrangement of the attached oligonucleotide. Therefore, our dendrimeric support may provide a simple and efficient solution to the preparation of DNA microarrays with high-density DNA-deposition and high hybridization efficiency.
Interactive seismic mapping of net producible gas sands in the Gulf of Mexico (1983)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983Interactive seismic mapping of net producible gas sands in the Gulf of MexicoAuthors: Alistair R. BrownRoger M. WrightWilliam L. AbrielKeith D. BurkartAlistair R. BrownGSI, Roger M. WrightChevron USA, William L. AbrielChevron USA, and Keith D. BurkartGSIhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893666 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893666FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1983 Pages: 646 publication data© 1983 Copyright © 1983 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Alistair R. Brown, Roger M. Wright, William L. Abriel, and Keith D. Burkart, (1983), "Interactive seismic mapping of net producible gas sands in the Gulf of Mexico," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 482-484. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893666 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Unimolecular Chemistry of Protonated Glycinamide and the Proton Affinity of Glycinamide—Mass Spectrometric Experiments and Theoretical Model (1996)

Abstract The potential energy hypersurface of protonated glycinamide (GAH + ) has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The calculated G2(MP2) value for the proton affinity of glycinamide, PA calcd = 919 kJ mol ‐1 , is in good agreement with the measured value of 908 PA exp &lt;914kJ mol ‐1 . The fact that the amide group is a better hydrogenbond acceptor explains why glycinamide has a higher PA than glycine. Proton transfer experiments with glycinamide performed in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer and analysis of metastable GAH + ions in a four‐sector mass spectrometer show that the lowest‐energy unimolecular reactions are two distinct processes: 1) loss of CO, which has a substantial barrier for the reverse reaction, and 2) loss of CO plus NH 3 , which has no barrier for the reverse reaction. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations give a reaction model that is consistent with the observed fragmentation pattern.
Curie Point Transitions in Phosphides and Arsenides of Manganese (1954)

The relative permeability of several alloys of manganese with phosphorus and arsenic have been measured in the region of the Curie point. The alloys were heated and cooled very slowly to eliminate, as much as possible, irreversible effects. The composition range investigated included alloys of higher phosphorus and arsenic content than have previously been investigated. Ferromagnetism in the phosphorus alloys appears to be due to the compound MnP over the range 27—58 mole percent P, and the magnetic and density transitions exhibit no temperature hysteresis. The temperature hysteresis in the magnetic transformation of manganese arsenide is confirmed. The Curie point-composition relation for the arsenides is discussed and evidence presented for the existence of a manganese-rich compound, perhaps Mn8As7, rather than a solid solution of Mn in MnAs.
Interaction of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase with calmodulin. Identification of two separated calmodulin-binding domains. (1988)

The structural organization of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase was examined by limited proteolysis with trypsin and/or cross-linking with azido-calmodulin a photoactivable derivative of its activator, calmodulin (CaM). Adenylate cyclase (which consists of three structurally related peptides of 50, 45, and 43 kDa as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) formed a 1:1 complex with CaM or azido-CaM. CaM-bound adenylate cyclase was cleaved by trypsin into two separate trypsin-resistant fragments of 25 and 18 kDa which both interacted with CaM as judged by their ability to be cross-linked with azido-CaM. These two fragments remained associated with CaM in a catalytically active conformation resembling that of the undigested complex. When proteolysis was carried out in the absence of CaM, the adenylate cyclase was completely inactivated in less than 3 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed a single 24-kDa trypsin-resistant fragment. Since this fragment cannot be cross-linked with azido-CaM we suggest that the CaM-binding site on the 25-kDa moiety of the adenylate cyclase is located on a short segment of 1 kDa.
The Monarch parallel processor hardware design (1990)

The Monarch architecture team took advantage of custom VLSI in the design of a shared-memory parallel processor. The simple structure eases the task of programming a massively parallel machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measurement of optically effective surfaces by imaging of gratings (2003)

Due to the increasing use of aspherical optics, there is a demand for innovative measuring methods that allow the flexible testing of a wide variety of optical components. With the measuring method presented in this paper the imaging properties of the optical component under test may be determined by making it part of an imaging system consisting of an electronic camera with lens, a special grid pattern and the object itself. The grid pattern is taken as a reference object whose resulting image recorded by the camera is evaluated in order to obtain the properties of the tested optical component. In favor of a high measurement accuracy phase shifting techniques and photogrammetric methods are used in the course of the evaluation of the reference structure and the characterization of the tested optical surface. Unlike other techniques the presented measuring method does not require particular previous knowledge of the tested component and may be applied to both reflective and refractive optical surfaces. Measuring examples for reflective and refractive components are given, demonstrating the potential of the method.
Native fluorescence spectroscopy reveals spectral differences among prostate cancer cell lines with different risk levels (2013)

The spectral changes of native fluorophores among normal fibroblasts and cancer cell lines of different metastatic ability are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The normal (fibroblast), moderately metastatic (DU-145), and advanced metastatic (PC-3) cell lines were each selectively excited at 300 nm, and their fluorescence emission spectra are analyzed using principal component analysis to explore the differences of the relative contents of tryptophan and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in these cell lines. The results show that the tryptophan emission featured predominantly in the fluorescence spectra of the advanced metastatic cancer cells in comparison with the moderately metastatic cancer and normal cells.
Very Large Scale Monoclonal Antibody Purification: The Case for Conventional Unit Operations (2007)

Technology development initiatives targeted for monoclonal antibody purification may be motivated by manufacturing limitations and are often aimed at solving current and future process bottlenecks. A subject under debate in many biotechnology companies is whether conventional unit operations such as chromatography will eventually become limiting for the production of recombinant protein therapeutics. An evaluation of the potential limitations of process chromatography and filtration using today's commercially available resins and membranes was conducted for a conceptual process scaled to produce 10 tons of monoclonal antibody per year from a single manufacturing plant, a scale representing one of the world's largest single-plant capacities for cGMP protein production. The process employs a simple, efficient purification train using only two chromatographic and two ultrafiltration steps, modeled after a platform antibody purification train that has generated 10 kg batches in clinical production. Based on analyses of cost of goods and the production capacity of this very large scale purification process, it is unlikely that non-conventional downstream unit operations would be needed to replace conventional chromatographic and filtration separation steps, at least for recombinant antibodies.
Genotyping-by-Sequencing-Based Genome-Wide Association Studies of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) (2021)

Fusarium wilt (FW) is a fungal disease that causes severe yield losses in radish production. The most effective method to control the FW is the development and use of resistant varieties in cultivation. The identification of marker loci linked to FW resistance are expected to facilitate the breeding of disease-resistant radishes. In the present study, we applied an integrated framework of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to identify FW resistance loci among a panel of 225 radish accessions, including 58 elite breeding lines. Phenotyping was conducted by manual inoculation of seedlings with the FW pathogen, and scoring for the disease index was conducted three weeks after inoculation during two constitutive years. The GWAS analysis identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and twenty putative candidate genes that were significantly associated with FW resistance. In addition, a total of four QTLs were identified from F2 population derived from a FW resistant line and a susceptible line, one of which was co-located with the SNPs on chromosome 7, detected in GWAS study. These markers will be valuable for molecular breeding programs and marker-assisted selection to develop FW resistant varieties of <i>R. sativus</i>.
The roles of early alert and of adjuvant in the control of Hong Kong influenza by vaccines. (1969)

The major antigenic changes in influenza A virus that occur at 10-year intervals reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines and pose a problem for the control of pandemics by vaccination. These difficulties may be obviated in two ways. First, by detecting the emergence of a new variant sufficiently ahead of its general spread for it to be possible to produce a corresponding vaccine in good time; the World Health Organization is widely depended upon for this early warning. Secondly, by the improvement of existing vaccines to increase and broaden their antigenicity; here, their modification by, for instance, adjuvant 65 may contribute significantly.
Improved Self Polarizing Metallic EBG Antenna (2009)

International audience
Co-implantation of boron and fluorine in silicon (2002)

It was shown recently that co-implantation of fluorine with boron limits boron transient enhanced diffusion. This effect was shown to be a chemical species effect by eliminating extraneous damage effects through the use of pre-amorphized silicon. However, the nature of the fluorine interaction with boron remained in question. In order to answer this question, a series of experiments have been performed. Amorphization of a n-type Czochralski wafer was achieved with a 70 keV Si/sup +/ implantation at a dose of 1/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/. The Si/sup +/ implant produced a 1400/spl Aring/ deep amorphous layer, which was then implanted with a 1/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/ B/sup +/ dose at an energy of either 1.1 keV or 500 eV. The samples were then implanted with a dose of 2/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/ F/sup +/ at various energies ranging from 2 keV to 36 keV. By varying the F/sup +/ energy it was possible to change the position and concentration of the fluorine relative to the boron and the end-of-range interstitial source. After annealing at 550/spl deg/C, 750/spl deg/ C, and 1050/spl deg/C the wafers were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluorine co-implantation with boron causes the diffusion of boron to exhibit two stages of diffusion during time frame that the control sample exhibits transient enhanced diffusion. The results from this experiment and supporting experiments suggest the fluorine is reducing the TED of the boron by trapping silicon interstitials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Crystalline (.+‐.)‐A58365B ‐ An Inhibitor of Angiotensin‐ Converting Enzyme. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Angular-momentum couplings in long-rangeRb2Rydberg molecules (2014)

We study angular-momentum couplings in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}{}_{2}$ Rydberg molecules formed between a Rydberg and $5{S}_{1/2}$ ground-state atom. We use a Fermi model that includes $S$-wave and $P$-wave singlet and triplet scattering of the Rydberg electron with the $5{S}_{1/2}$ atom, along with the fine-structure coupling of the Rydberg atom and hyperfine-structure coupling of the $5{S}_{1/2}$ atom. We discuss the effects of these couplings on the adiabatic molecular potentials. We obtain bound-state energies, lifetimes, and electric and magnetic dipole moments for the vibrational ground states of the $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}(nD+5{S}_{1/2})$ molecules in all adiabatic potentials, with fine and hyperfine structure included. The hyperfine structure gives rise to mixed singlet-triplet potentials. We also study the effect of the hyperfine structure on the deep ${}^{3}S$-wave- and ${}^{3}P$-wave-dominated adiabatic molecular potentials, which support high-$\ensuremath{\ell}$ $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}{}_{2}$ Rydberg molecules.
[Study of localization and molecular interactions of biologically active compounds in living cells and tissue slices based on confocal microspectroscopy and reconstruction of the spectral images]. (1999)

The confocal spectral imaging (CSI) technique is described, its basic principles are considered, and a brief review of its applications to the study of biologically active compounds (BAC) within living cells and in tissue slices is presented. This technique is based on measurements and analysis of fluorescence or resonance Raman spectra in each point of the specimen under microscope with a three-dimensional resolution of about cubic micrometer. This technique is applicable to the study of stained fluorescent and nonfluorescent compounds. Unlike the conventional approaches based on the optical microscopy, the CSI technique opens the opportunity for the identification of complexes and microenvironment of BAC in intact cells and thin tissue slices (slices or sections), as well as for the analysis of localization and distribution of compounds of interest and their complexes in cellular organelles and tissue structures. The use of CSI technique in combination with the conventional biochemical and cytological methods makes it possible to significantly expand the informativeness of investigation of modes of action of new BAC.
Figure S2 from Cripto-1 Plasmid DNA Vaccination Targets Metastasis and Cancer Stem Cells in Murine Mammary Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NK cell cytotoxicity against 4T1mCr-1 cell line.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and evaluation of some fatty esters as plasticizers and fungicides for poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion (1995)

Abstract n ‐Fatty alcohols (average molecular weight 187), prepared from n ‐paraffins, were treated with a series of dibasic acids such as malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic and phthalic anhydride to give the corresponding fatty esters. The prepared fatty esters were formulated with poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion and used as films or textile coatings. Tests such as rate of drying, mechanical properties and resistance to micro‐organisms were carried out. Samples of poly(vinyl acetate) plasticized with dibutyl phthalate were also prepared and evaluated for the purpose of comparison. The antifungal activity of these compounds was studied. The results obtained indicate that the prepared fatty esters can be used not only as plasticizers but also as fungicides and in some respects they are better than the conventional dibutyl phthalate plasticizer.
The colonization of space (1974)

New ideas are controversial when they challenge orthodoxy, but orthodoxy changes with time, often surprisingly fast. It is orthodox, for example, to believe that Earth is the only practical habitat for Man, and that the human race is close to its ultimate size limits. But I believe we have now reached the point where we can, if we so choose, build new habitats far more comfortable, productive and attractive than is most of Earth.