gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ReEngineered Feedstocks for Pulverized Coal Combustion Emissions Control (2014)

New coal reaction technology called ReEngineered Feedstock (ReEF), consisting of post-recycled paper and plastics, was evaluated for combustion emissions control when cofiring with pulverized coal. Experiments were conducted with four types of ReEF in a 2 in. diameter laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor system heated to 1200, 1400, and 1600 °C. Flue gas emission was continuously monitored with an online infrared multigas analyzer and mass spectrometer. The results indicate that co-firing ReEF with coal provides SO2 emission reduction in flue gas up to 85% and moderate decrease in NO emissions, as well as higher carbon conversion than pure coal combustion. ReEF, slag and fly ash solids were were analyzed by X-ray diffraction; identification of sulfates in the product ash conclusively supports the mechanism of in situ sulfur capture.
The role of the ionosphere in coupling upstream ULF wave power into the dayside magnetosphere (1991)

A series of recent studies of Pc 3 magnetic pulsations in the dayside outer magnetosphere has given new insights into the possible mechanisms of entry of ULF wave power into the magnetosphere from a bow shock related upstream source. In this paper we first review many of these new observational results by presenting a comparison of data from two 10‐hour intervals on successive days in April 1986 and then present a possible model for transmission of pulsation signals from the magnetosheath into the dayside magnetosphere. Simultaneous multi‐instrument observations at South Pole Station, located below the cusp/cleft ionosphere near local noon, magnetic field observations by the AMPTE CCE satellite in the dayside outer magnetosphere, and upstream magnetic field observations by the IMP 8 satellite show clear interplanetary magnetic field field magnitude control of dayside resonant harmonic pulsations and band‐limited very high latitude pulsations, as well as pulsation‐modulated precipitation of what appear to be magnetosheath/boundary layer electrons. We believe that this modulated precipitation may be responsible for the propagation of upstream wave power in the Pc 3 frequency band into the high‐latitude ionosphere, from whence it may be transported throughout the dayside outer magnetosphere by means of an “ionospheric transistor.” In this model, modulations in ionospheric conductivity caused by cusp/cleft precipitation cause varying ionospheric currents with frequency spectra determined by the upstream waves; these modulations will be superimposed on the Birkeland currents, which close via these ionospheric currents. Modulated region 2 Birkeland currents will in turn provide a narrow‐band source of wave energy to a wide range of dayside local times in the outer magnetosphere.
Deep Learning with Low Precision by Half-Wave Gaussian Quantization (2017)

The problem of quantizing the activations of a deep neural network is considered. An examination of the popular binary quantization approach shows that this consists of approximating a classical non-linearity, the hyperbolic tangent, by two functions: a piecewise constant sign function, which is used in feedforward network computations, and a piecewise linear hard tanh function, used in the backpropagation step during network learning. The problem of approximating the widely used ReLU non-linearity is then considered. An half-wave Gaussian quantizer (HWGQ) is proposed for forward approximation and shown to have efficient implementation, by exploiting the statistics of of network activations and batch normalization operations. To overcome the problem of gradient mismatch, due to the use of different forward and backward approximations, several piece-wise backward approximators are then investigated. The implementation of the resulting quantized network, denoted as HWGQ-Net, is shown to achieve much closer performance to full precision networks, such as AlexNet, ResNet, GoogLeNet and VGG-Net, than previously available low-precision networks, with 1-bit binary weights and 2-bit quantized activations.
Accelerated Atherosclerosis, Aortic Aneurysm Formation, and Ischemic Heart Disease in Apolipoprotein E/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Double-Knockout Mice (2001)

eNOS deficiency increases atherosclerosis in Western-type diet-fed apoE-KO animals and introduces coronary disease and an array of cardiovascular complications, including spontaneous aortic aneurysm and dissection. This phenotype constitutes the first murine model to demonstrate distal coronary arteriosclerosis associated with evidence of myocardial ischemia, infarction, and heart failure. Hypertrophy and reduced left ventricular function cannot be explained by increased blood pressure alone, because eNOS-KO animals do not develop these complications.
Tracheobronchoscopic assessment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses (2005)

Results indicated that interobserver reliability of tracheobronchoscopic assessment of EIPH in Thoroughbred racehorses is high when the examination is conducted by experienced veterinarians. Concordance among investigators is sufficient to justify use of this grading system for further studies and clinical descriptions of EIPH.
A Trust-based Approach for Secure Data Dissemination in a Mobile Peer-to-Peer Network of AVs (2012)

Mobile peer-to-peer networks of aerial vehicles (AVs) have become significant in collaborative tasks including military missions and search and rescue operations. However, the nature of the communication between the nodes in these networks makes the disseminated data prone to interception by malicious parties, which could cause serious harm for the designated mission of the network. In this paper, we propose an approach for secure data dissemination in a mobile peer-to-peer network, where the data disclosed to a particular node in the network depends on the trustworthiness of that node as well as the matching of policies of the data source and destination. We demonstrate the use of active bundles for protecting sensitive data as they are sent from one node to another, on the simulation we developed for data dissemination in a mobile peer-to-peer network of AVs. We also discuss filtering techniques for dissemination of sensitive data in such networks.
Internal tandem duplication of fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 is associated with poor outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (2004)

The results of the current study demonstrate that FLT3/ITD is associated with a high risk of transformation to AML, rapid progression of AML, and poor survival in patients with MDS.
Inferring the population structure and demographic history of the tick, Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (2006)

A hierarchial population genetic study was conducted on 703 individual Amblyomma americanum from nine populations in Georgia, U.S.A. Populations were sampled from the Coastal Plain, midland Piedmont region, and the upper Piedmont region. Twenty-nine distinct haplotypes were found. A minimum spanning tree was constructed that indicated these haplotypes comprised two lineages, the root of which was distinctly star-like. The majority of the variation found was among ticks within each population, indicating high amounts of gene flow and little genetic differentiation between the three regions. An overall F(ST) value of 0.006 supported the lack of genetic structuring between collection sites in Georgia. Mantel regression analysis revealed no isolation by distance. Signatures of population expansion were detected in the shapes of the mismatch distribution and tests of neutrality. The absence of genetic differentiation combined with the rejection of the null model of isolation by distance may indicate recent range expansion in Georgia or insufficient time to reach an equilibrium where genetic drift may have affected allele frequencies. Alternatively, the high degree of panmixia found within A. americanum in Georgia may be due to bird-mediated dispersal of ticks increasing the genetic similarity between geographically separated populations.
A single-cell atlas of the healthy breast tissues reveals clinically relevant clusters of breast epithelial cells (2021)

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an evolving technology used to elucidate the cellular architecture of adult organs. Previous scRNA-seq on breast tissue utilized reduction mammoplasty samples, which are often histologically abnormal. We report a rapid tissue collection/processing protocol to perform scRNA-seq of breast biopsies of healthy women and identify 23 breast epithelial cell clusters. Putative cell-of-origin signatures derived from these clusters are applied to analyze transcriptomes of ~3,000 breast cancers. Gene signatures derived from mature luminal cell clusters are enriched in ~68% of breast cancers, whereas a signature from a luminal progenitor cluster is enriched in ~20% of breast cancers. Overexpression of luminal progenitor cluster-derived signatures in HER2+, but not in other subtypes, is associated with unfavorable outcome. We identify TBX3 and PDK4 as genes co-expressed with estrogen receptor (ER) in the normal breasts, and their expression analyses in >550 breast cancers enable prognostically relevant subclassification of ER+ breast cancers.
Caught in the Act: the identification of the galaxies responsible for the faint blue excess (1996)

We summarise recent Hubble Space Telescope results on the morphology of faint field galaxies. Our two principle results are: (1) the galaxies responsible for the faint blue excess have late-type/irregular morphology and (2) the number counts of normal galaxies, ellipticals and early-type spirals, are well fit by standard no-evolution models implying that the giant population was in place and mature by a redshift of ≥ 0.7.
The Role of ConfocalRaman Spectroscopy in Food Science (2001)

Abstract This chapter outlines why confocal Raman has developed into a tool that can offer unique insights into food science. It shows how the inherent strengths of Raman spectroscopy of chemical specificity and structural sensitivity can be exploited on the micron length scale. It covers the essentials elements of how a confocal Raman microscope system works. This is followed by a practical description of the way in which a confocal Raman system should be used and also how to avoid some of the common pitfalls, especially with regard to depth resolution. Raman spectra can contain a mass of information and, in order to fully use this, considerable effort needs to put into data analysis. Appropriate methodologies are discussed in some detail with discussion on the strategies one can employ, with enlightening examples to show practically the results that can be obtained.
[Analysis of hospital mortality in the Croatian Republic using selected indicators]. (1993)

Mortality trends and distribution in a system of 32 general and teaching hospitals in the Republic of Croatia for the years 1966 through 1989, separately for 1986/1987, were evaluated as a possible informational support to the national policies regarding developing of health care system. By means of 13 elaborated and/or selected indicators, using hospital health statistics as a data base, we measured the changes in the dynamics, structure and level of death at institutions, individual medical departments and among patients. Hospitals mortality statistics was found to offer a good informational orientation for monitoring realization of the hospital's restructuring activities envisaged under the Aim 29 of the Croatian strategy Health for All by the Year 2000 as well as for planning technical surveillance and streamlining the special statistical studies on inpatient health care. It can also provide a solid base for the evaluation of the quality of inpatient medical care, if the diagnosis of causes of death is improved, methodology for sentinel-health-events adopted, commissions for the evaluation of inpatient health care organized, medical registration units established and the National Register of Autopsy begun.
Study of the radiative decayJ/ψ→γρρ (1986)

We present an analysis of the decay J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}4\ensuremath{\pi} in the final states \ensuremath{\gamma}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and \ensuremath{\gamma}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$. The branching fractions obtained are B(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$)= (3.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.45)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ and B(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{o}$)=( 8.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for ${m}_{4\ensuremath{\pi}}$ less than 2 GeV/${c}^{2}$. The 4\ensuremath{\pi} invariant-mass distributions extend from 1.0 to 3.0 GeV/${c}^{2}$, showing peaks at approximately 1.55 and 1.8 GeV/${c}^{2}$. In an analysis of the 4\ensuremath{\pi} final state we find that \ensuremath{\approxeq}50% of the events below 2 GeV/${c}^{2}$ are pseudoscalar \ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rho}, the product branching fraction of which is determined to be \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rho})= (4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. No other significant \ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rho} component is found, and upper limits on the product branching fraction B(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}X)B(X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rho}) are presented for the theta(1690) and the ${g}_{T}$ states near 2.2 GeV/${c}^{2}$.
Net Surface Flux Budget Over Tropical Oceans Estimated From The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (Trmm) (2003)

Chapter 1. Introduction from TRMM for June-August 1998 16.Diumal variation of net longwave surface fluxes from TRMM 39 for June-August 1998 17.Wind speed distribution from TRMM satellite 40 18.Surface specific humidity distribution from TRMM 19.Air specific humidity distribution from TRMM 20.Surface and air specific humidity difference (Qs-Qa) from TRMM 42 21.Diumal variation of wind speed and humidity from TRMM for 42 June-August 1998 22. Estimation of latent heat fluxes from TRMM 23.Occurrence and diumal variation of latent heat fluxes from TRMM for June-August 1998 24.Diumal variation of latent heat fluxes, wind speed, and Qs-Qa from TRMM for June-August 1998 25.Estimation of sea surface temperature from TRMM 26.Surface and air temperature difference from ECMWF 27.Estimation of sensible heat fluxes from TRMM 28.Diumal variation of sensible heat fluxes and wind speed from TRMM, and Ts-Ta from ECMWF for June-August 1998 29.Estimation of net surface fluxes from TRMM viii 30.Occurrence and diumal distribution of net surface
Five‐membered heteroaromatic hydrazone derivatives for second‐order nonlinear optics (1996)

Highly efficient frequency conversion in crystalline organic molecules for opto‐electronic applications is the aim of the investigation reported here into how various heteroatomic rings affect molecular nonlinearity. The optical properties of hydrazone derivatives with the furan or thiophene moiety as part of the conjugated core are described, and 5‐(methylthio)thiophenecarboxaldehyde‐4‐nitrophenyl‐hydrazone (MTTNPH) is demonstrated to have the properties required.
An Evaluation of Peak and Bubble Tuning in Sub-Basalt Imaging – Modelling and Results (2003)

C-01 AN EVALUATION OF PEAK AND BUBBLE TUNING IN SUB-BASALT IMAGING - MODELLING AND RESULTS Summary 1 Z. LUNNON 1 P. CHRISTIE 2 and R. WHITE 1 1 Bullard Labs Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0EZ UK 2 Schlumberger Cambridge Research As part of the iSIMM project (White et al. 2002) a 6 360 in 3 airgun source array was used to shoot twice a deep seismic profile into a 380 km array of Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) east of the Faroe Islands. The first pass used peak tuning and the second used bubble tuning with other source parameters constant. The
Reduced Graphene Oxide–TiO2 Nanotube Composite: Comprehensive Study for Gas-Sensing Applications (2018)

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have unique properties that can revolutionize the performances of functional devices. Graphene-based materials can be coupled with metal oxide nanomaterials for gas-sensing applications. In this work, we report the synthesis and gas-sensing properties of a composite material based on RGO-loaded TiO2 nanotubes. To properly tune the reduction of GO to RGO, we adopted a gas-phase process that can be applied in situ on each gas sensor device, allowing one to track the process effects through sensor conductance. We systematically investigated the gas-response dependence from the RGO loading and its reduction, showing the occurrence of an optimal RGO concentration arising from the interplay of these two parameters. Hence, these two factors should be considered in parallel to functionalize the metal oxide materials with GO for the fabrication of chemical sensor devices.
Fast Autonomous Three-Axis Constrained Attitude Pathfinding and Visualization for Boresight Alignment (2016)

A new algorithm suitable for fast onboard implementation is presented for designing attitude maneuver paths that achieve desired boresight alignment in the presence of multiple three-axis attitude constraints. It is based on a recently proposed algorithm in which possible attitudes are discretized in a three-dimensional distortion-minimizing projected space. In that space, grid points are enumerated and graph search pathfinding algorithms are employed to find the shortest constrained path between selected initial and target grid points. The new algorithm extends this approach from a single target point to a continuum of target points, representing all possible attitudes that maintain the desired boresight alignment. It augments the original algorithm with the transformation that makes it possible to assign a single value to estimated distances for the whole continuum of target points. This, in turn, allows the pathfinding algorithms to efficiently determine the shortest overall path to the whole continuum, which corresponds to the shortest attitude maneuver path that achieves the desired boresight alignment.
A Framework For Intelligent Multi-channel Biological Signal Interpretation (2005)

A framework for adaptive multi-channel signal interpretation tasks is presented, and applied to the problem of monitoring neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The proposed architecture permits the separation of the de main specific knowledge and the signal processing expertise typically required for signal analysis tasks. Physiological and pathophysiological knowledge is expressed in terms of processes, and parameters on which the processes can act. Information about these parameters is extracted from the monitored signals on an if-needed basis by specialized and independent signal processing modules. Both the number of parameters and the monitoring strategy for each of these parameters can be adapted.
Comparative effects of two phytases on growth performance, bone mineralization, nutrient digestibility and phytate-P hydrolysis of broilers (2022)

Two experiments were conducted to compare a novel phytase with its commercial predecessor. In Exp. 1, Cobb 500 (n = 720) male broilers were weighed and fed one of 10 treatments from d 8 to 18 post-hatch. Treatments consisted of a nutrient adequate positive control (PC), a Ca and non-phytate P (nPP) deficient negative control (NC), the NC plus the novel phytase (phytase 1) at 187.5, 375, 750, 1,500 or 2,000 FYT/kg or the NC diet plus the commercially available phytase (phytase 2) at 500, 1,000 or 2,000 FYT/kg. In Exp. 2, Ross 308 (n = 1,008) male broilers were assigned to one of 7 treatments from d 1 to 36 post-hatch. The treatments consisted of a PC, a NC, the NC diet plus phytase 1 at 500, 1,000 or 2,000 FYT/kg or the NC diet plus phytase 2 at 1,000 or 2,000 FYT/kg. In both Exp. 1 and 2, birds fed the NC diet had reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), or tibia ash compared with birds fed the PC. Phytase supplementation at >187.5 FYT/kg feed improved WG and FI in Exp. 1 and 2, whereas phytase 1 at 750 to 2,000 FYT/kg or phytase 2 at 2,000 FYT/kg was needed to improve tibia ash comparable to the PC in Exp. 1. Supplementing broiler diets with a novel phytase at a lower dose compared with the commercial phytase significantly increased ileal phytate degradation and P digestibility resulting in an increase in tibia ash. Tibia ash, ileal phytate P, and P digestibility are more sensitive, compared with growth performance, to detect differences between phytases at different dietary concentrations.
Using Chondrites to Understand the Inside of Asteroid 433 Eros (2002)

Written by Linda M. V. Martel Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology Asteroid 433 Eros is one of the most closely scrutinized chunks of rocky debris in our solar system. We know about its bulk properties, internal mass distribution, and the shape, composition, and mineralogy of the surface from instruments on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker spacecraft. Using mass and volume measurements scientists determined the bulk density of this asteroid for the first time. An interdisciplinary research team with expertise in cosmochemistry, planetary geology, remote sensing, and orbital dynamics compared this orbital information with density and porosity data from meteorite samples to estimate the porosity of the asteroid. Sarah Wilkison and Mark Robinson (Northwestern University), Peter Thomas and Joseph Veverka (Cornell University), Tim McCoy (Smithsonian Institution), Scott Murchie and Louise Prockter (Applied Physics Lab), and Donald Yeomans (Jet Propulsion Lab) report a macro (structural) porosity for Eros of approximately 20%. They compared this estimate with features seen on the surface of Eros and with previously proposed models for the formation of asteroids to conclude that Eros has been heavily fractured by impact collisions but was not demolished to the extent that it is now a rubble pile.
A new application of the yeast two-hybrid system in protein engineering (2007)

Cytochromes P450 are involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in mitochondria of the adrenal gland. The electrons required for these reactions are provided via a redox chain consisting of adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) and adrenodoxin (Adx). A prerequisite for a fast and efficient electron transfer as well as high catalytic activity is the formation of functional complexes between the different redox partners. To improve the protein-protein interactions by directed evolution, we developed a new in vivo selection system. This high-throughput screening method is based on the yeast two-hybrid system. It enables a background-free screening for increased protein-protein interactions between stable and functional species including cofactor-containing proteins (FAD, [2Fe-2S], heme). The method was successfully applied for the directed evolution of Adx and selected variants were analyzed biochemically and biophysically. All analyzed proteins exhibit typical characteristics of [2Fe-2S]-cluster-type ferredoxins. Adx-dependent substrate conversion assays with different cytochromes demonstrated that the improved ability of the mutants to form complexes results in an enhanced catalytic efficiency of the cytochrome P450 system.