gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using linked volumes to model object collisions, deformation, cutting, carving, and joining (1999)

In volume graphics, objects are represented by arrays or clusters of sampled 3D data. A volumetric object representation is necessary in computer modeling whenever interior structure affects an object's behavior or appearance. However, existing volumetric representations are not sufficient for modeling the behaviors expected in applications such as surgical simulation, where interactions between both rigid and deformable objects and the cutting, tearing, and repairing of soft tissues must be modeled in real time. Three-dimensional voxel arrays lack the sense of connectivity needed for complex object deformation, while finite element models and mass-spring systems require substantially reduced geometric resolution for interactivity and they can not be easily cut or carved interactively. This paper discusses a linked volume representation that enables physically realistic modeling of object interactions such as: collision detection, collision response, 3D object deformation, and interactive object modification by carving, cutting, tearing, and joining. The paper presents a set of algorithms that allow interactive manipulation of linked volumes that have more than an order of magnitude more elements and considerably more flexibility than existing methods. Implementation details, results from timing tests, and measurements of material behavior are presented.
Recurrent Fusion Network for Image Captioning (2018)

Recently, much advance has been made in image captioning, and an encoder-decoder framework has been adopted by all the state-of-the-art models. Under this framework, an input image is encoded by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and then translated into natural language with a recurrent neural network (RNN). The existing models counting on this framework merely employ one kind of CNNs, e.g., ResNet or Inception-X, which describe image contents from only one specific view point. Thus, the semantic meaning of an input image cannot be comprehensively understood, which restricts the performance of captioning. In this paper, in order to exploit the complementary information from multiple encoders, we propose a novel Recurrent Fusion Network (RFNet) for tackling image captioning. The fusion process in our model can exploit the interactions among the outputs of the image encoders and then generate new compact yet informative representations for the decoder. Experiments on the MSCOCO dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed RFNet, which sets a new state-of-the-art for image captioning.
Function of the R Domain in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel (1997)

For a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel to enter its open state, serine residues in the R domain must be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and intracellular ATP must bind to the nucleotide-binding folds and subsequently be hydrolyzed. CFTR with its R domain partially removed, DeltaR(708-835)-CFTR, forms a chloride channel that opens independently of protein kinase A phosphorylation, with open probability approximately one-third that of the wild type CFTR channel. Deletion of this portion of the R domain from CFTR alters the response of the channel to 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate, pyrophosphate, and vanadate, compounds that prolong burst duration of the wild type CFTR channel but fail to do so in the DeltaR-CFTR. In addition, the addition of exogenous unphosphorylated R domain protein, which blocks the wild type CFTR channel, has no effect on the DeltaR-CFTR channel. However, when the exogenous R domain is phosphorylated, significant stimulation of the DeltaR-CFTR channel results; Po increases from 0.10 to 0.22. These data are consistent with a model for CFTR function in which the R domain in the unphosphorylated state interacts with the first nucleotide binding fold to inhibit either binding or hydrolysis of ATP or transduction of the effect to open the pore, but when the R domain is phosphorylated, it undergoes conformational change and interacts at a separate site in the first nucleotide binding fold to stimulate either binding or hydrolysis of ATP or transduction of the effect to open the pore.
Niobium Oxide Nanoscrolls as Building Blocks for Dye-Sensitized Hydrogen Production from Water under Visible Light Irradiation (2008)

Potassium hexaniobate nanoscrolls (NS-K4Nb6O17) formed by exfoliation of lamellar K4Nb6O17 were studied as building blocks for visible-light-driven H2 production (λ > 420 nm) from water using tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy)32+) as a sensitizer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an electron donor. The surface of NS-K4Nb6O17 is negatively charged at pH 3−11, enabling cationic Ru(bpy)32+ molecules to be efficiently adsorbed onto the surface, allowing for rapid excited-state electron and subsequent H2 evolution without any chemical bond linkage between the sensitizer and the oxide surface. The rate of visible light H2 production in the nanoscroll-based system is 10 times higher than that of similarly sensitized K4Nb6O17. The difference can be primarily attributed to the strong adsorption of Ru(bpy)32+ in the case of the nanoscrolls. The maximum photocatalytic reactivity is found over a narrow range of pH and Pt-loading. This study highlights the utility of single-crystalline oxide nanosheets as components of photosystems for visible-light-driven H2 production from water.
Improvement Effect of Electrical Properties in Post-Annealed Wafer-Bonded Ge(001)-OI Substrate (2012)

In this study, using pseudo-MOSFET, we investigate improvement effect of the electrical properties of non-doped wafer-bonded Ge(001)-OI by post-annealing in various kinds of ambiences.
Reactivity of α-aminoacids with high valent transition metal halides (2015)

Studies on the interaction of high valent transition metal halides with α-amino acids are surprisingly rare. This contrasts with the observation that α-amino acidato complexes of transition metals in low-to-medium oxidation state may exhibit valuable properties in very different fields. We have been recently involved in the chemistry of α-amino acids with niobium and tantalum pentahalides, molybdenum pentachloride and tungsten hexachloride. The reactions may proceed selectively according to different routes, including O/halide interchange, decarboxylation and unprecedented condensation of α-amino acid units via CC bond formation. These results will be presented in the light of the peculiar features of the distinct metal halide reactants.
Ablation of Clinically Relevant Kidney Tissue Volumes by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Preliminary Results of Standardized Ex-Vivo Investigations (2006)

Our preliminary results show that when using this new device, HIFU can ablate a large tissue volume homogeneously in perfused ex-vivo porcine tissue under standardized conditions with meticulous adjustment of exposure parameters. Further investigations in vivo are necessary to test whether large tissue volumes can be ablated completely and reliably despite the influence of physiologic tissue and organ movement.
Contracting With Uncertain Level Of Trust (2002)

The paper investigates the impact of trust on market efficiency and bilateral contracts. We prove that a market in which agents are trusted to the degree they deserve to be trusted is as efficient as a market with complete trustworthiness. In other words, complete trustworthiness is not a necessary condition for market efficiency. We prove that distrust could significantly reduce market efficiency, and we show how to solve the problem by using appropriately designed multiagent contracts. The problem of trust is studied in the context of a bilateral negotiation game between a buyer and a seller. It is shown that if the seller’s trust equals the buyer’s trustworthiness, then the social welfare, the amount of trade, and the agents’ utility functions are maximized. The paper also studies the efficiency of advance payment contracts as a tool for improving trustworthiness. It is proved that advance payment contracts maximize the social welfare and the amount of trade. Finally, the paper studies the problem of how to make agents truthfully reveal their level of trustworthiness. An incentive–compatible contract is defined, in which agents do not benefit from lying about their trustworthiness. The analysis and the solutions proposed in this paper could help agent designers avoid many market failures and produce efficient interaction mechanisms.
The Methanol Source in Orion at 1.2 Centimeters (1974)

Methanol line radiation from Orion near 25 GHz has been reexamined and found to be much stronger than expected from earlier reports. The line widths are also narrower than other nonmasing molecular radiation. These results indicate either that there is more than one small source of methanol radiation in Orion, or that these transitions are inverted and varying with time. Subject headings: interstellar matter - molecules
Linear microwave response of a charge-type qubit (2001)

Using Bloch-type equations with phenomenological energy relaxation and dephasing terms, we investigate analytically the linear response of a superconducting charge qubit (single-Cooper-pair box) to a microwave field within a two-band model. Coherence of the macroscopic quantum states of the autonomous device is due to the competition of irradiation and dephasing. An extra qubit impedance arises from this quantum effect which can be expressed in terms of quantum resistance unit, quality and detuning. The theoretical results may support the design of microwave experiments with charge-type qubits. Especially, we present a proposal for determining the dephasing time by means of reflection measurements, anticipating a high quality of the extra (quantum) impedance.
Towards Coupling Rare Earth Ions to a Y2SiO5 Nanophotonic Resonator (2014)

An yttrium orthosilicate nanophotonic resonator is fabricated with resonances near the 4I9/2-4F3/2 hyperfine transition of Neodymium ions. Measured absorption by Neodymium embedded in a nanobeam indicates promising prospect for coupling ions to our nano-resonator.
Urea-Formaldehyde Foam as a Landfill Cover Material: Simulated Landfill Investigations (1987)

A study was conducted, utilizing simulated landfill cells, to assess the relative suitability of urea-formaldehyde foam as an alternative landfill cover material. Research efforts were directed toward assessment of the extent and impact of formaldehyde leaching within the landfill environment when combined with natural processes of stabilization, and determination of the relative contribution of formaldehyde leached from the foam as compared with the other constituents present in the solid waste. The formaldehyde detected in the leachate samples (3-4.0 mg 1-1), some of which was attributable to the solid waste itself, was determined not to adversely affect the microbially mediated processes of stabilization within the landfill, even though the amount of foam used during this study (2.8 g kg- 1 dry solid waste) was considered to be greater than that which may be typically used at a landfill (0.5-1.5 g kg -1 ). Furthermore, as stabilization progressed, formaldehyde was converted and reduced in concentration. Consequently, adverse environmental impacts attributable to the release of formaldehyde from urea-formaldehyde foam within a landfill environment were considered unlikely to occur.
Ultrafast crystallization and sintering of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass and its impact on ion conduction (2022)

Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) is among the most promising solid electrolytes for the next generation all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, preparing LAGP electrolytes is timeand energy-intensive. In this work, LAGP glassy powders were sintered and crystallized in 180 seconds by ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) under conditions attractive for continuous industrial processes (i.e., ambient pressure and atmosphere). The fast heating rates characteristic of UHS significantly delay crystallization, potentially decoupling crystallization and sintering. Furthermore, EIS characterizations reveal that LAGP sintered and crystallized by UHS has an ionic conductivity of 1.15 10-4 S/cm, slightly lower than conventionally annealed samples (1.75 10-4 S/cm). The lower conductivity can be attributed to poorer intergrain contact. To overcome this issue, additives such as B2O3 and Li3BO3 are used, resulting in 2 and 5 times higher grain boundary conductivity for LAGP+1 wt B2O3 and LAGP+1 wt Li3BO3, respectively, compared to LAGP. Overall, this work provides insights into unraveling the impact of UHS sintering on the LAGP Li+ conduction mechanism.
Design for primitive delay fault testability (2002)

To guarantee the temporal correctness of a digital circuit a set of multiple path delay faults called primitive faults need to be tested. Primitive faults can contain one or more faulty paths. Existing techniques can identify and test primitive faults containing up to two or three paths. Identifying and testing primitive faults that consist of a larger number of paths is impractical for large designs. We propose a design for testability method that assures the temporal correctness of the circuit without the need to test all primitive faults in the circuit. In the test mode, only primitive faults that contain up to two paths can affect the circuit performance. Our methodology efficiently identifies a small set of potential locations for inserting control points to eliminate primitive faults with more than two paths. Addition of a single control point can lower the cardinality of several primitive faults. Our approach re-evaluates primitive delay fault testability of the circuit after insertion of every control point. After a few iterations only primitive faults with at most two paths can exist in the circuit in the test mode. Experimental results on several circuits are included to demonstrate our method.
A simple DPSK receiver with improved asymptotic performance over fast Rayleigh-fading channels (1997)

In this letter we present a simple receiver for differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signals transmitted over fast, frequency flat, fading channels, which is characterized by a very low asymptotic error probability. The system performance analysis is carried out for a 2-DPSK signal.
Plasmid-mediated genomic recombination at the pilin gene locus enhances the N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-specific haemagglutination activity and the growth rate of Eikenella corrodens (2006)

Eikenella corrodens belongs to a group of periodontopathogenic bacteria and forms unique corroding colonies on solid medium due to twitching motility. It is believed that an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectin on the cell surface contributes significantly to its pathogenicity and can be estimated by its haemagglutination (HA) activity. Recently, a plasmid, pMU1, from strain 1073 has been found; this plasmid affects pilus formation and colony morphology. To identify the gene involved in these phenomena, ORF 4 and ORFs 5-6 on pMU1 were separately subcloned into a shuttle vector, and the resultant plasmids were introduced into E. corrodens 23834. Transformants with the ORF 4 gene, which is identified to be a homologous gene of the type IV pilin gene-specific recombinase, lost their pilus structure and formed non-corroding colonies on a solid medium, whereas transformants with ORFs 5-6 exhibited the same phenotype as the host strain 23834. Southern analysis showed that the introduction of the ORF 4 gene into strain 23834 resulted in genomic recombination at the type IV pilin gene locus. The hybridization pattern of these transformants was similar to that of strain 1073. These results suggest that ORF 4 on pMU1 encodes a site-specific recombinase and causes genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus. Furthermore, the introduction of ORF 4 into strain 23834 increased GalNAc-specific HA activity to a level equivalent to that of strain 1073. Although the morphological colony changes and loss of pilus structure are also observed in phase variation, genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus did not occur in these variants. Moreover, an increase was not observed in the GalNAc-specific HA activity of these variants. These results suggested that the loss of pilus structure, the morphological change in colonies and the increase in HA activity due to plasmid pMU1 might be caused by a mechanism that differs from phase variation, such as a genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus.
The Servant Idiotype Network (1991)

Network Antigens are idiotopic markers which are expressed on antibodies of a given specificity. These Network Antigen Idiotopes are part of specific immune responses and are selected through the process of antigen-driven maturation. Their natural role in immunity is the regulation of the response via idiotypic network interaction. The biological power of Network Antigens can be harnessed by generating monoclonal Ab2s against polyclonal disease-derived and specific Ab1. Because network antigens play an important biological role in immunity, it becomes difficult to call the Idiotype Network selfish. We believe that the organization and selection of a small antibody repertoire, which is needed to maintain a disease free existence, is accomplished by the idiotypic network. Furthermore, if we better understand the blueprint of this network we can begin to take advantage of the primed state of clones in the network to intervene, either to stimulate beneficial responses, or to suppress harmful immunities using antibodies which recognize the key organizer and controllers in the network.
Antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin potentially active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1982)

The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime were evaluated against 700 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftazidime was less active than penicillins or older cephalosporins against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., and it did not inhibit Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria, or anaerobic species. Ceftazidime was as active as ceftizoxime and moxalactam and more active than cefoperazone against Escherichia coli. Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than 0.2 mg/liter. Ceftazidime also inhibited Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella at concentrations below 0.2 mg/liter. Most Morganella, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus inconstans were inhibited at concentrations below 1 mg/liter, similar to the concentrations for moxalactam, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Ceftazidime was the most active agent tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a mean minimal inhibitory concentration of 1.6 mg/liter. It inhibited carbenicillin-, piperacillin-, cefoperazone-, and cefsulodin-resistant Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations were similar, with the exception of some Pseudomonas values at 10(7) colony-forming units. Use of different media did not alter minimal inhibitory concentration values. Ceftazidime was not hydrolyzed by staphylococcal beta-lactamase or plasmid beta-lactamase of the TEM-1, TEM-2, SHV-1, OXA-1, PSE-1, PSE-2 types or by inducible beta-lactamases of the cephalosporinase type. Ceftazidime provides an extremely active agent against aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria.
Beam profile of laser pointer (VFL-350) after launching in telecommunication fiber optic (2009)

VFL-350 (Visual Fault Locator) Light Source is used to check single-mode and multimode optical fiber cables and components for faults or to locate individual fibers in a bundle. Loss as intrinsic loss (absorbsion and scattering), mechanical loss (splices and connections) are important to estimate the amount of errors in data transmission process (both in single as well as multimode fibers). That is one of the most important parameter of change intensity profile of laser beam. Standard light source that used in this project is an optical pen that have semi guassian beam with out put power 1 mw(class 1) & &lambda;=635 nm that make follow result: Beam propagated from this light source have semi guassian shape and result of some transverse mode. Beam intensity profile of this light source after launching in multimode fiber optics (length=2m & connector: have 20% loss compared by beam intensity profile of optical pen.(connector loss). Situating a filter in path of multi mode fiber optic, don't any change in beam intensity profile of multi mode fiber optics.
Immunoregulatory molecules reveal crosstalk between immune and pain responses (2012)

神経系と免疫系の相互作用は中枢性の炎症性疾患をはじめ，これまで多く報告されている．我々は，これまで炎症や疼痛メカニズムに関与していると考えられていたprostaglandin E2（PGE2）がその受容体の一つであるeicosapentaenoic receptor 4（EP4）を介して，免疫系の中でもTh1やTh17といったCD4陽性のTリンパ球機能を調節していることを発見した．新規に合成されたEP4受容体拮抗薬を用いたin vitroならびにin vivo試験は，鎮痛作用だけではなく，これら免疫系への作用によりTh1の分化抑制，樹状細胞からのIL-23の産生抑制作用，Th17の分化や増殖維持などを抑制等の作用を示した．またそれとは逆に，リンパ球や単球などに発現しているケモカイン受容体CX3CR1とそのリガンドであるフラクタルカインCX3CL1経路が，自己免疫性肝炎，関節炎，炎症性腸疾患，脱髄性神経変性疾患といった免疫モデルだけではなく，疼痛にも関与していることを見出した．CX3CR1はマイクログリアなどにも発現しており，活性化した神経細胞からフラクタルカインが産生され，それがマイクログリアなどを活性化することにより，疼痛のメカニズムとして働くと考えている．このように，一つの分子が神経系ならびに免疫系の両者に影響しており，その相互作用の解析は今後の病態，特に神経変性疾患の解明に意義があると考える．このメカニズムの解明により，鎮痛作用だけでなく病態治療作用も併せ持つ新たな創薬アプローチが可能になると考えている．
Flexibility in the second half-site sequence recognised by the c-Myb R2 domain--in vitro and in vivo analysis. (1996)

The oncoprotein c-Myb is a transcription factor that recognises its specific target sequences through two subdomains. The R3-domain binds the first half-site, YAAC, and plays a dominant role in sequence recognition, while the homologous R2-domain interacts with a more loosely defined sequence in the second half-site. The difficulty in precisely defining a preferred second half-site sequence might reflect the flexible nature of R2 which only attains its fully folded structure upon binding to DNA, a process that might allow the protein to adapt to different half-site sequences. Here we report that shifting the most conserved base in the second half-site, the G6, into position 5 resulted only in a minor reduction of complex stability in vitro. From an analysis of a series of second half-site variants by EMSA and DMS-interference, we conclude that the preferred recognition sequence should be revised to read [YAACNG or YAACGN]. Modeling the structure of c-Myb R2R3 in complex with a GT half-site variant revealed specific interactions with G5. When second half-site variants were tested in vivo using a sensitive yeast effector-reporter system, both the TG and GT half-site variants were functional mediating c-Myb-dependent transactivation. Unexpectedly, we observed large differences between the best second half-site variants at low levels of c-Myb-effector, the GG variant being five- to fifteen-fold more active in vivo than the single-G half-sites, the GH or HG variants.