gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Comparison of the Dealumination in SSZ-13 and the Desilication in SAPO-34 (2013)

With the purpose of understanding the behavior of aluminosilicate zeolites and silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) in the presence of steam, we carried out a computational density functional theory (DFT) study on the desilication of SAPO-34. The mechanism studied was a stepwise hydrolysis of the four bonds to the Si heteroatom. An analogous process to the desilication of SAPO-34 is the dealumination of SSZ-13. To investigate possible mechanistic differences between the two processes, we compared the results of this study with the results of a previous study on dealumination in SSZ-13. We found that the intermediates along the dealumination path of SSZ-13 have one of the protons bonded to a bridging oxygen atom. In the corresponding intermediates of the desilication path in SAPO-34, the same proton prefers to be part of an aqua ligand coordinated to an Al atom. The principal factor determining the different proton locations is the electronic requirement of the atoms surrounding the proton. The different proton locations in SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 put clear conditions on possible mechanisms, thus causing them to be different for the two materials. We expect the principles determining the proton location also to be valid for other mechanisms of dealumination in SSZ-13 and desilication in SAPO-34.
Multiband and Ultrahigh Figure-of-Merit Nanoplasmonic Sensing with Direct Electrical Readout in Au-Si Nanojunctions (2019)

Nanoplasmonic sensors are heralding exciting advances as clinical diagnostics as they facilitate label-free, real-time, and ultrasensitive monitoring in a small footprint. But in essence, almost all of them still largely rely on expensive and bulky spectroscopy/imaging instrumentation and methodology, which has become the major impediment for point-of-care (POC) testing implantation. In this context, an ultracompact optical sensor is achieved with direct electrical read-out capacity by combining plasmonic sensing resonance and optical-signal-transducing into a unity integrated device. Benefiting from the convergence of high figure-of-merit (∼190) resonance and hot electron enhanced photoelectric conversions on the near-flat Au-Si nanotrench framework, the device is demonstrated to yield a detection limit on the order of 10<sup>-6</sup> RIU in a broadband operating wavelength window (700-1700 nm). Such a compact, silicon process compatible, and ultrasensitive optoelectronic sensing platform holds great potentials for future clinical POC detection and on-chip microspectrometer applications.
<title>Normalized parameters for integrated optical waveguide components</title> (1994)

The design of integrated optical S-bands, power splitters, and directional couplers are described in terms of normalized parameters. These parameters are calculated accurately by a numerical method leading to general design curves for fiber-compatible waveguide devices.
Whole‐plant oils, potential new industrial raw materials (1978)

Abstract In an extensive screening program, 14 plant species have been identified which have good potential as hydrocarbon‐ and rubber‐producing crops. These plants contain from 5 to 10% oil plus polymeric hydrocarbon on a dry weight basis. Since their dry matter yield should be 11,200 to 22,400 kg/ha/year, they would produce several times as much oil as conventional oilseed crops. In these plants, the oil is not concentrated in storage organs, i.e., seed or fruit tissue, but is distributed throughout the whole plant. Several species are lactiferous, with oil as a major component of the latex. A few which are of primary interest as potential new sources of natural rubber produce an equal yield of by‐product oil. A prominent feature of most whole‐plant oils is their large component of nonglyceride esters. Such oils could become valuable new feedstocks for production of plasticizers for rubber and plastics and new sources of waxes, long chain alcohols, sterols, terpenes, fatty acids, and other products. A petroleum refinery could be operated on whole‐plant oils, and some species are being referred to as potential “gasoline trees.”
General theoretical considerations on nanowire solar cell designs (2008)

Abstract We propose two novel solar cell designs, tapping the advantages of semiconductor nanowires. A silicon (Si) tandem cell can be achieved by growing sub‐5 nm p–n junction in the radial direction of the Si nanowires on a planar crystalline Si cell. For series connected sub‐cells, based on a size‐band gap dependence obtained from Quantum Monte Carlo calculations, we obtained the maximum detailed balance limit of efficiency to be 48% and 37% for concentrated and unconcentrated sunlight, respectively, for a nanowire diameter of 3.6 nm. The same efficiency would be obtained if the top tandem cell would be composed of AlGaAs nanowires, with an Al content of 19%. Ultra‐high efficiencies could be achieved by a radial p–n junction nanowire tandem cell, since it could enable growth of lattice mismatched sub‐cells whose band gap energies can be optimized and secondly, due to decoupling of carrier collection and light absorption. However, for a parallel connection of the sub cells, we show that the detailed balance limit of efficiency for the tandem cell will always be lower than an optimized single junction. Finally, we discuss future challenges and directions in realizing the designs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Least squares versus non-linear cost functions for a virtual artificial head (2013)

In order to take into account spatial information into binaural recordings, it is common practice to use so-called artificial heads. Disadvantageously artificial heads are inherently non-individual and bulky devices. Alternatively, the individual frequency-dependent directivity pattern of human head related transfer functions (HRTFs) can also be approximated by a microphone array with appropriate filters [Rasumow et al. (2011)]. Such a setup may be referred to as a virtual artificial head (vah). The filters for the application of the vah can be derived by minimizing a narrow band cost function including regularization constraints. As a first approach, it is appropriate to apply a least-squares cost function. The major advantage is its closed form solution [cf. Rasumow et al. (2011)], whereas from a psychoacoustically point of view, it seems more reasonable to minimize the dB-error instead. The latter cost function must, however, be minimized iteratively. We propose a minimization procedure for and present first results regarding the subjective appraisal of binaural filters derived using both cost functions. Future work includes the extension of this work to binaural cost functions.
Possible mechanism of antioxidant action of dinitrosyl iron complexes (2021)

The antioxidant effect of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) was studied in various model systems. DNICs with glutathione ligands effectively inhibited Cu2+-induced peroxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL). The antioxidant effect of DNICs with phosphate ligands and free reduced glutathione (GSH) was less pronounced. In addition, DNICs with glutathione suppressed the formation of reactive oxygen species during co-oxidation of lecithin liposomes and glucose. Free radical oxidation in this system was induced with a lipophilic azo initiator and evaluated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. NO sharply stimulated chemiluminescence during co-oxidation of glucose and liposomes, thus suggesting the formation of potent oxidants under these conditions. Glutathione DNICs scavenge the superoxide radical anion generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Superoxide production was assessed by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Chemiluminescence revealed the dose-dependent character of antiradical effect of glutathione DNICs; moreover, these complexes turned out to be more efficient than GSH. EPR spectra of the adducts of the DEPMPO spin trap with free radicals suggest that the interaction of glutathione DNICs and superoxide does not result in the formation of the thiyl radical of glutathione. Here we propose a mechanism of the antioxidant action of glutathione DNICs, suggesting that unstable intermediate complexes are formed upon their interaction with superoxide or lipid radicals. Further, as a result of intramolecular rearrangement, these intermediates decompose without the free radical as the by-products.
Case Study in RAF Boeing E3D Sentry (2017)

This chapter focuses on board a Royal Air Force Boeing E3D Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft. The role of the E3D team was to provide support for both ground and fighter personnel, and involved providing a global picture of the war from the sky as it developed. This information was relayed to ground support staff and to individual fighter pilots. Propositional networks were constructed to show the knowledge that is related to the E3D mission. The E3D task has a total of 11 phases of operation, namely assume station, manage airborne battle, coordinate crew, manage communications, ensure operational procedures are followed, manage self defence, manage operations/comms security, and control surveillance/operate electronic surveillance manager equipment. The operation sequence diagram (OSD) is constructed from the data that were gathered during the observation of the E3D mission. The OSD representation provides a means of summarising the outputs from the coordination demand analysis and social network analysis.
Daily Step Counts Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Among All of Us Research Participants (2023)

This cohort study of US adults examines changes in physical activity following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Resveratrol Carbon Dots Disrupt Mitochondrial Function in Cancer Cells (2022)

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, exhibits beneficial health properties and has been touted as a potential anti-tumor agent. Here, we demonstrate potent anti-cancer effects of carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from resveratrol. The mild synthesis conditions retained resveratrol functional moieties upon the carbon dots' (C-dots) surface, an important requisite for achieving specificity toward cancer cells and biological activities. Indeed, the disruptive effects of the resveratrol-C-dot were more pronounced in several cancer cell types compared to normal cells, underscoring targeting capabilities of the C-dots, a pertinent issue for the development of cancer therapeutics. In particular, we observed impairment of mitochondrial functionalities, including intracellular calcium release, inhibition of cytochrome-C oxidase enzyme activity, and mitochondrial membrane perturbation. Furthermore, the resveratrol C-dots were more potent than either resveratrol molecules alone, known anti-cancer polyphenolic agents such as curcumin and triphenylphosphonium, or C-dots prepared from different carbonaceous precursors. This study suggests that resveratrol-synthesized C-dots may have promising therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents.
Comparison of probabilistic and deterministic fiber tracking of cranial nerves (2016)

OBJECTIVE The depiction of cranial nerves (CNs) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is of great interest in skull base tumor surgery and DTI used with deterministic tracking methods has been reported previously. However, there are still no good methods usable for the elimination of noise from the resulting depictions. The authors have hypothesized that probabilistic tracking could lead to more accurate results, because it more efficiently extracts information from the underlying data. Moreover, the authors have adapted a previously described technique for noise elimination using gradual threshold increases to probabilistic tracking. To evaluate the utility of this new approach, a comparison is provided with this work between the gradual threshold increase method in probabilistic and deterministic tracking of CNs. METHODS Both tracking methods were used to depict CNs II, III, V, and the VII+VIII bundle. Depiction of 240 CNs was attempted with each of the above methods in 30 healthy subjects, which were obtained from 2 public databases: the Kirby repository (KR) and Human Connectome Project (HCP). Elimination of erroneous fibers was attempted by gradually increasing the respective thresholds (fractional anisotropy [FA] and probabilistic index of connectivity [PICo]). The results were compared with predefined ground truth images based on corresponding anatomical scans. Two label overlap measures (false-positive error and Dice similarity coefficient) were used to evaluate the success of both methods in depicting the CN. Moreover, the differences between these parameters obtained from the KR and HCP (with higher angular resolution) databases were evaluated. Additionally, visualization of 10 CNs in 5 clinical cases was attempted with both methods and evaluated by comparing the depictions with intraoperative findings. RESULTS Maximum Dice similarity coefficients were significantly higher with probabilistic tracking (p < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The false-positive error of the last obtained depiction was also significantly lower in probabilistic than in deterministic tracking (p < 0.001). The HCP data yielded significantly better results in terms of the Dice coefficient in probabilistic tracking (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test) and in deterministic tracking (p = 0.02). The false-positive errors were smaller in HCP data in deterministic tracking (p < 0.001) and showed a strong trend toward significance in probabilistic tracking (p = 0.06). In the clinical cases, the probabilistic method visualized 7 of 10 attempted CNs accurately, compared with 3 correct depictions with deterministic tracking. CONCLUSIONS High angular resolution DTI scans are preferable for the DTI-based depiction of the cranial nerves. Probabilistic tracking with a gradual PICo threshold increase is more effective for this task than the previously described deterministic tracking with a gradual FA threshold increase and might represent a method that is useful for depicting cranial nerves with DTI since it eliminates the erroneous fibers without manual intervention.
Coupled inductor three-phase bidirectional buck/boost converter for energy storage application (2014)

This research designs and realizes a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter that reduces the current ripple, switching losses and increases converter efficiency. The size and cost can be reduced when the proposed converter is designed with the coupled inductor scheme. This paper describes a three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter with the coupled inductor and ZVS soft switching operation under different inductor current conduction modes. Simulation and experimental results are employed compare the performance of the proposed three-phase bidirectional converter in the PV system under battery charge and discharge operating modes for energy storage systems.
Scaling law for bubbles induced by different external sources: Theoretical and experimental study (2010)

The scaling relations for bubbles induced by different external sources are investigated based on a modified Rayleigh model and experimental observations. The equations derived from the modified Rayleigh model are presented to describe the collapse of bubbles induced by the different external sources such as electrical spark, laser, and underwater explosion. A scaling law is then formulated to establish the scaling relations between the different types of bubbles. The scaling law reveals the fact that the characteristic length scale factor differs from the characteristic time scale factor for the different types of bubbles. It is then validated by our experimental observations of the spark- and laser-generated bubbles as well as the bubbles induced by underwater explosions from previous published reports. With the present scaling law, studies on spark- or laser-generated bubbles as well as their applications (for example, in industrial or biomedical related applications) can benefit from the experiences and information built up over the years in underwater explosion bubbles. Conversely, it is possible to substitute a spark- or laser-generated bubble for an underwater explosion bubble in the study of a large-scale and complex physical problem.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part 878. Synthesis of (±)-camptothecin and (±)-10-methoxycamptothecin via enamine annulation (1981)

Synthesis of (±)-camptothecin (1) and (±)-10-methoxycamptothecin (2) was achieved via enamine annelation as a key step. Condensation of 3,4-dihydro-1-methyl-β-carbolines (9) and (10) with unsaturated tetra-esters (6) and (7) followed by reduction gave the indolo[a]quinolizin-4-ones (12) and (13). Photo-oxygenation of (12) and (13) and subsequent base treatment produced the indolizino[1,2-b]quinolones (16) and (17), which were converted into the pyridones (20) and (24). The former (20) had been correlated to (±)-camptothecin, while the latter (24) was transformed into (±)-10-methoxycamptothecin by application of the established method.
Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (2015)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (VEE'15). This year's conference continues its tradition of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to interact, shared ideas, and discuss the latest work on virtualization. The conference brings together people from different domains of computer science, from the top of the software stack down to the micro-architectural level. This year's call for papers attracted 60 submissions. Out of these, the program committee accepted 17 papers. Reviewing was double-blind and was done entirely by the program committee members. All submissions received 3-4 reviews, and authors were given the opportunity for rebuttal before the PC meeting. In addition to the papers, this year's technical program includes two invited keynote presentations.
Synthesis of N‐(Homocyclylcarbamoyl)‐Maleamic Acids and ‐Maleimides (1978)

Abstract A series of N‐homocyclylcarbamoyl derivatives of maleamic acid and maleimide was prepared for hypocholesteremic and sulfhydryl‐binding tests. The synthetic reactions involved in the controlled aminolysis of maleic anhydride with appropriate mono‐substituted ureas and the resulting carbamoylmaleamic acids were then thermally dehydrated to the corresponding carbamoylmaleimides. The monosubstituted ureas required in this synthesis were obtained by the action of amines on isocyanic acid produced in situ from nitrourea on heating in aqueous alcoholic solution.
Amino acid permease 6 modulates host response to cyst nematodes in wheat and Arabidopsis (2018)

Summary Cyst nematodes are plant parasites that cause significant crop loss in wheat and other crops. Infective juveniles invade roots and induce syncytial feeding structures as the only source of nutrients throughout their life. A previous genome-wide association study in wheat identified amino acid permease 6 ( TaAAP6 ) to be linked to susceptibility to the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi . To characterise the role of AAP6 during nematode parasitism, we analysed the expression of TaAAP6 and the Arabidopsis orthologue AtAAP6. TaAAP6 was found to be highly expressed in nematode-infected roots of susceptible wheat, whereas it was not upregulated in nematode-infected roots of resistant accessions. AtAAP6 was also found to be highly upregulated in nematode-induced syncytia compared with non-infected roots. Infection assays with an AtAAP6 knock-out mutant revealed reduction in developing females, female size, and size of female-associated syncytia, thus indicating the importance of AAP6 in cyst nematode parasitism.
Equine clinical cytogenetics: the past and future (2008)

Cytogenetic analyses of horses have benefited the horse industry by identifying chromosomal aberrations causing congenital abnormalities, embryonic loss and infertility. Technical advances in cytogenetics enabled the identification of chromosome specific aberrations. More recently, advances in genomic tools have been used to more precisely define chromosome abnormalities. In this report we review the history of equine clinical cytogenetics, identify historical landmarks for equine clinical cytogenetics, discuss how the current use of genomic tools has benefited this area, and how future genomics tools may enhance clinical cytogenetic studies in the horse.
Comprehensive analysis of a novel mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a model with the most common 3.0-Mb deletion at the human 22q11.2 locus (2020)

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Although most of the 22q11.2DS patients have a 3.0-Mb deletion, existing mouse models only mimic a minor mutation of 22q11.2DS, a 1.5-Mb deletion. The role of the genes existing outside the 1.5-Mb deletion in psychiatric symptoms of 22q11.2DS is unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse model that reproduced the 3.0-Mb deletion of the 22q11.2DS (Del(3.0 Mb)/ +) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ethological and physiological phenotypes of adult male mutants were comprehensively evaluated by visual-evoked potentials, circadian behavioral rhythm, and a series of behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition, fear-conditioning memory, and visual discrimination learning. As a result, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice showed reduction of auditory prepulse inhibition and attenuated cue-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with the phenotypes of existing 22q11.2DS models. In addition, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed an impaired early visual processing that is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile, unlike the existing models, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice exhibited hypoactivity over several behavioral tests, possibly reflecting the fatigability of 22q11.2DS patients. Lastly, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed a faster adaptation to experimental jet lag as compared with wild-type mice. Our results support the validity of Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice as a schizophrenia animal model and suggest that our mouse model is a useful resource to understand pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS.
LABORATORY AND FIELD PERFORMANCE OF COTTON CONTAINING CRY1AC, CRY1F, AND BOTH CRY1AC AND CRY1F (WIDESTRIKE®) AGAINST BEET ARMYWORM AND FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) (2004)

The efficacy of transgenic cotton genotypes containing Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and Cry1Ac stacked with Cry1F (WideStrike®, Dow Agrosciences, Indianapolis, IN) were investigated during 2001-2003 against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (=BAW), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (=FAW), in laboratory bioassays and small experimental field plots. In all experiments, cotton containing Cry1F was more toxic to BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1Ac. In the majority of experiments, the addition of Cry1Ac to the Cry1F genotype had no increased effect on efficacy and certain biological parameters against BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1F. Furthermore, the presence or absence of an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect between Cry1Ac and Cry1F was not observed in these field and laboratory experiments.