gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-mode ring waveguide resonator on SAW (2010)

The recently proposed new regular electrode structure called ring waveguide resonator (RWR) on surface acoustic waves (SAW) is optimized to have a single radial mode excitation. The structure consists of a gold (Au) interdigital transducer (IDT) in the form of a ring placed on the Z-cut of aluminum nitride (AIN). The IDT itself creates a waveguide effect on the substrate. The electrical admittance of RWR as a function of frequency has a single peak corresponding to the excited radial mode. The peak has a high quality factor. The electrical admittance of RWR does not have sidelobes. The structure is evaluated by 3D finite element method (FEM).
First Airborne Demonstration of Holographic SAR Tomography With Fully Polarimetric Multicircular Acquisitions at L-Band (2016)

In the last few years, interest in multicircular synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions has arisen as a consequence of the potential achievement of full 3-D reconstructions at very high resolution over 360° azimuth angle variation. In particular, SAR systems at low frequencies are sensitive to volumetric backscattering of semi-transparent media, and they allow the imaging of internal structures, such as forests. To achieve a full 3-D reconstruction, a 2-D synthetic aperture is required, consisting of a circular (azimuthal) and a vertical component. This 3-D capability can be understood as the result of the combination of holographic and tomographic techniques. In this paper, both techniques will be presented to establish the concept of holographic SAR tomography (HoloSAR). As a further investigation, this paper also presents an analytical expression of the 3-D impulse response function (IRF) of targets in and off the center of the illuminated area. The IRF is characterized by its spatial resolution and sidelobe power, both being a function of the radar resolution capabilities and the geometric acquisition. The second part of this paper presents a polarimetric analysis of HoloSAR tomograms. In particular, the polarimetric signature of scatterers in forested areas is investigated for three different focusing approaches, namely coherent imaging, incoherent imaging, and the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). The three algorithms use the fast-factorized back-projection (FFBP) for individual circular trajectories, and the latter two use in addition compressive sensing (CS) to retrieve the complex reflectivity in elevation. The IRF is validated using a polarimetric L-band HoloSAR survey, which consists of 19 circular passes conducted by the German Aerospace Center's airborne F-SAR sensor over a test site in Kaufbeuren, Germany. The same data set is used for the analysis of the backscattering of forests. Results show a significant horizontal resolution improvement for distributed targets with the coherent imaging approach, whereas a better sidelobe suppression in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight is achieved for the incoherent imaging and the GLRT.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and CD4+ T cells cooperate to mediate type 2 immune response in mice (2014)

Lung ILC2s function to promote adaptive immunity in addition to their established roles in innate immunity. This novel function of ILC2s needs to be taken into account when considering the pathophysiology of asthma and other allergic airway diseases.
Design and Implementation of QoS Guaranteed Bridge System for High Speed PLC and UWB (2007)

This paper presents the software architecture of a high speed power line communication and ultra-wideband bridge system that can guarantee quality of service (QoS) for multimedia streaming in a home network. Due to recent wireless technology developments, ultra-wideband is becoming a viable solution for low cost personal area communication and home entertainment applications. Ultra-wideband has good features such as high bandwidth and low power consumption for mobile multimedia streaming, but it only supports communications over short distances due to its wave characteristics. Therefore, we have to use wired communication to extend the ultra-wideband coverage area. High speed PLC does not require any additional wiring in order to transmit a high bandwidth multimedia stream and provides sufficient bandwidth for handling a home entertainment network. Therefore a high speed PLC and ultra-wideband bridge system provides a multimedia streaming environment in the home without new wiring. The bridge system proposed can provide UPnP QoS device service and the traffic characteristic management function for end-to-end QoS for various multimedia services in the home.
Phase separation of Polo-like kinase 4 by autoactivation and clustering drives centriole biogenesis (2019)

Tight control of centriole duplication is critical for normal chromosome segregation and the maintenance of genomic stability. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis. How Plk4 dynamically promotes its symmetry-breaking relocalization and achieves its procentriole-assembly state remains unknown. Here we show that Plk4 is a unique kinase that utilizes its autophosphorylated noncatalytic cryptic polo-box (CPB) to phase separate and generate a nanoscale spherical condensate. Analyses of the crystal structure of a phospho-mimicking, condensation-proficient CPB mutant reveal that a disordered loop at the CPB PB2-tip region is critically required for Plk4 to generate condensates and induce procentriole assembly. CPB phosphorylation also promotes Plk4's dissociation from the Cep152 tether while binding to downstream STIL, thus allowing Plk4 condensate to serve as an assembling body for centriole biogenesis. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying Plk4 activation and may offer strategies for anti-Plk4 intervention against genomic instability and cancer.
N-induced (2×3) reconstruction of Cu(110): Evidence for long-range, highly directional interaction between Cu-N-Cu bonds (1991)

The scanning-tunneling-microscope (STM) topographies taken from a N-induced (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3) reconstructed Cu(110) surface provide unique information, which offers the basis for an explanation of the peculiar fact that every third 〈110〉 row is missing and also confirm in detail the structural model inferred from recent ion-scattering measurements. The close analysis of STM images with atomic resolution taken from both ordered (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3) domains and local defective arrangements evidences the existence of long-range, highly directional interactions between Cu-N-Cu bonds, which seems to determine ultimately the nature of the reconstruction.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Dendritic Cells in Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Signal a Th1 Cytotoxic Immune Contexture and License the Positive Prognostic Value of Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 139K, Selective presence of CD62L+ T cells in TLS.&lt;/p&gt;
From H.D.L. Description to Guaranteed Correct Circuit Designs (1986)

International audience
Mice Lacking tPA, uPA, or Plasminogen Genes Showed Delayed Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush (2001)

Axonal outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration relies on the ability of growth cones to traverse through an environment that has been altered structurally and along a basal lamina sheath to reinnervate synaptic targets. To promote migration, growth cones secrete proteases that are thought to dissolve cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. These proteases include the plasminogen activators (PAs), tissue PA (tPA) and urokinase PA (uPA), and their substrate, plasminogen. PA expression and secretion are upregulated in regenerating mammalian sensory neurons in culture. After sciatic nerve crush in mice, there was an induction of PA mRNAs in the sensory neurons contributing to the crushed nerve and an upregulation of PA-dependent activity in crushed nerve compared with sham counterparts during nerve regeneration. To further assess the role of the PA system during peripheral nerve regeneration, PA-dependent activity as well as recovery of sensory and motor function in the injured hindlimb were assessed in wild-type, tPA, uPA, and plasminogen knock-out mice. Protease activity visualized by gel zymography showed that after nerve crush, the upregulation of PA activity in the tPA and uPA knock-out mice was delayed compared with wild-type mice. Recovery of sensory function was assessed by toe pinch, footpad prick, and the toe-spreading reflex. All knock-out mice demonstrated a significant delay in hindlimb response to these sensory stimuli compared with wild-type mice. For each modality tested, the uPA knock-out mice were the most dramatically affected, showing the longest delay to initiate a response. These studies clearly showed that PAs were necessary for timely functional recovery by regenerating peripheral nerves.
Classification of small type B/C follicles as primordial follicles in mature rats (2000)

In the present study, follicles were classified according to the morphology of their granulosa cells. Type B follicles contained only flattened granulosa cells; type B/C follicles had a mixture of flattened and cuboidal granulosa cells in a single layer, and type C follicles had a single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells. The primary objectives of the study were to determine whether 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation into type B/C follicles was a marker for initiation of growth and how long type B/C follicles could remain at the same stage before transformation to type C follicles. Female Holtzman rats received bromo-deoxyuridine for 7 days. After the infusion (day minipumps were removed = day 0), rats were ovariectomized on days 0 (n = 9), 30 (n = 8), 90 (n = 8) and 150 (n = 9). The numbers of type B, B/C and C follicles within one ovary were determined using modified fractionator counting. Analysis over all times demonstrated that there were more (P < 0.0001) type B/C (941 +/- 61 per ovary) than type C (140 +/- 18 per ovary) or type B (159 +/- 19 per ovary) follicles. The numbers of type B and type C follicles did not differ from each other at any time. Only one of 34 rats evaluated had bromo-deoxyuridine-labelled type B follicles. On day 150, 57% of the bromo-deoxyuridine-labelled type B/C follicles remained from day 0. It is concluded that (1) DNA synthesis in granulosa cells of type B/C follicles is not a reliable indicator of impending growth; and (2) type B and type B/C follicles are both components of the pool of primordial follicles.
Effectiveness of strained-Si technology for thin-body MOSFETs (2012)

Strain-induced mobility enhancement in thin-body MOSFETs is studied and the impact of silicon body thickness scaling on piezoresistance coefficients is analyzed to facilitate stress engineering for these advanced transistor structures. Various stressors are benchmarked in terms of their effectiveness to enhance nanometer-gate-length thin-body MOSFET performance.
Tandem Catalytic Triple-Bond Cleavage of Alkyne in Association with Aldehyde, Alkene, and Water (2009)

In this tandem reaction the carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkyne is catalytically cleaved in association with aldehyde, al­kene, and H2O under catalyst mixtures of Rh(I), 2-amino-3-picoline, primary amine, and acid. The reaction starts with chelation-assisted hydroacylation of the alkyne with an aldehyde. The retro-Mannich-type fragmentation of the resulting α,β-unsaturated ketimine by an amine and acid affords a ketimine and an aldimine, which is trapped by an alkene and give ketones after hydrolysis.
Two families of sterol methyltransferases are involved in the first and the second methylation steps of plant sterol biosynthesis (1998)

Two methyl transfers are involved in the biosynthesis of 24-methyl and 24-ethyl sterols, which play major roles in plant growth and development. The first methyl transfer applies to cycloartenol, the second to 24-methylene lophenol. About ten cDNA clones encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) sterol methyltransferases (SMTs) have been isolated so far from various plants. According to their deduced amino acid sequences, they were classified in two families, smtl and smt2; in addition, smt2 cDNAs were shown to encode a 24-methylene lophenol C24 methyltransferase [Bouvier-Navé, P., Husselstein, T., Desprez, T. & Benveniste, P. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 246, 518-529]. We now report the comparison of two cDNAs isolated from Nicotiana tabacum, Ntsmt1-1 which belongs to the first SMT cDNA family and Ntsmt2-1 which belongs to the second. Both cDNAs were expressed in the yeast null mutant erg6, deficient in SMT. Whereas erg6 is devoid of 24-alkyl sterols, erg6 Ntsmt1-1 contained a majority of 24-methylene sterols and erg6 Ntsmt2-1, a majority of 24-ethylidene sterols, indicating distinct functions for the expression products of these cDNAs. In the presence of AdoMet, delipidated microsomes from erg6 Ntsm1-1 efficiently converted cycloartenol into 24-methylene cycloartanol, but did not produce any 24-ethylidene lophenol upon incubation with 24-methylene lophenol. This demonstrates that cDNA Ntsmt1-1 (and most probably the other plant SMT cDNAs of the first family) encode(s) a cycloartenol C24 methyltransferase. In contrast, delipidated microsomes of erg6 Ntsmt2-1 were shown to methylate preferentially 24-methylene lophenol, as expected from an SMT encoded by an smt2 cDNA. In summary, among various cDNAs isolated from N. tabacum, one (Ntsmt1-1) belongs to the first family of plant SMT cDNAs according to its deduced amino acid sequence and was shown to encode a cycloartenol C24 methyltransferase, whereas another (Ntsmt2-1) belongs to the second family and was shown to encode a 24-methylene lophenol C24 methyltransferase. Meanwhile, two cDNAs were isolated from Oriza sativa and shown to belong to smtl and to smt2 families, respectively. These data disclose the coexistence, in a given plant species, of two distinct SMTs, each catalyzing one step of methylation in the sterol biosynthesis pathway.
Laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msub><mi>Nd:YVO</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></inline-formula> laser with <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msup><mrow><mi>Cr</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>:</mo><mi>YAG</mi></math></inline-formula> saturable absorber (2002)

A fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO 4 laser with a Cr 4 + :YAG saturable absorber is realized, providing pulse widths of 107 to 240 ns with pulse repetition rates ranging from 60 to 150 KHz. The dependences of pulsewidth, pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, and peak power on pump power are measured; meanwhile, the influences of different small-signal transmission To of a saturable absorber on Q-switched performances is compared. The rate equations are used to simulate the Q-switched process of the laser. The modified Q-switched criterion including the influence of pump power of this type laser is presented. The experimental results agree with the numerical solutions of the rate equations.
Geopolymer reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves (2017)

Abstract This study explores the viability of fiberglass‐geopolymer composites as an intermediate temperature structural ceramic composite. E‐glass fibers are cheap, readily available, resistant to heat, electricity and chemical attack. Geopolymers are refractory and can be processed at room temperature. However, pure geopolymers have low tensile strength and fracture toughness, as is typical of ceramics. In this work, tensile and flexure properties of metakaolin‐based sodium and potassium geopolymers reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves were measured and the data was analyzed by Weibull statistics. The average tensile and flexural strengths for sodium geopolymer reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves were 39.3 ± 7.2 MPa and 25.6 ± 4.8 MPa, respectively. For potassium geopolymer reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves, the average tensile and flexural strengths were 40.7 ± 9.9 MPa and 15.9 ± 4.0 MPa, respectively. The composites were heat treated for one hour at two temperatures, 300°C and 550°C and their flexure properties were studied at room temperatures. The average flexural strengths for sodium geopolymer reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves were reduced to 6.6 ± 1.0 MPa after heat treatment at 300°C, and 1.2 ± 0.3 MPa after heat treatment at 550°C, respectively. For potassium geopolymer reinforced with E‐glass leno weaves, the average flexural strengths were 6.1 ± 1.5 MPa and 1.3 ± 0.3 MPa after heat treatment at 300°C and 550°C, respectively. SEM and EDS were performed to observe the fiber‐matrix interface. XRD was done to check if the geopolymer was amorphous as expected.
Uber eine neue Nitrierung des Chinolin-1-oxydes. (3). (1959)

Die Nitrierung von Chinolin-1-oxyd mittels Benzoylnitrat wurde in der Weise verbessert und vereinfacht, dass man auf Chinolin-1-oxyd in Chloroform-Losung zuerst Benzoylchlorid und dann Silbernitrat einwirken lasst. Beim analogen Behandeln von Chinolin-1-oxyd mit Acetylchlorid und Silbernitrat konnte man ausser dem 3-und 3, 6-Dinitroderivat eine kleine Menge 6-Nitrochinolin-1-oxyd aber kein 1-Acetoxy-3, 6-dinitrocarbostyril isolieren. Das letztere konnte man jedoch beim Einwirken der uberschussigen Reagenzien auf 3-Nitrochinolin-1-oxyd erhalten. 3, 6-Dinitrochinolin-1-oxyd ergab bei der Einwirkung von Benzoylnitrat 1-Benzoyloxy-3, 6-dinitrocarbostyril. Ein umgestalteter Mechanismus fur die Reaktion wurde vorgeschlagen.
Standard cell development flow (2002)

Describes the new standard-cell development flow, being used at Philips Components Nijmegen. The new flow will integrate all aspects of developing a standard-cell library into one program, resulting in a dramatic decrease in development effort and providing the user with a quick release of an errorfree library. Quality is maintained by virtue of a built-in quality control tool. A stick-editor will reduce layout efforts to a few minutes per cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Morphology: An Ambiguous Indicator of Biogenicity (2002)

This paper deals with the difficulty of decoding the origins of natural structures through the study of their morphological features. We focus on the case of primitive life detection, where it is clear that the principles of comparative anatomy cannot be applied. A range of inorganic processes are described that result in morphologies emulating biological shapes, with particular emphasis on geochemically plausible processes. In particular, the formation of inorganic biomorphs in alkaline silica-rich environments are described in detail.
Effects of fatty acid derivatives on the ignition quality and cold flow of diesel fuel (1995)

Abstract The biodiesel that is considered as a possible substitute or extender of conventional automotive diesel fuel is commonly composed of fatty acid methyl esters that are prepared from the glycerides in vegetable oils by transesterification with methanol. This form of biodiesel is compatible with diesel fuel but offers no improvement in its ignition quality. This work describes the results of a series of experiments aimed at assessing other common fatty acid derivatives that could provide the desired biofuel component and, at the same time, improve the performance of the fuel. It was found that tertiary fatty amines and amides are significantly more effective than methyl esters in enhancing the ignition quality of the finished diesel fuel without having any negative effect on its cold flow properties.
Activation of heteromeric G protein-gated inward rectifier K + channels overexpressed by adenovirus gene transfer inhibits the excitability of hippocampal neurons (1997)

G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ channel subunits 1-4 (GIRK1-4) have been cloned from neuronal and atrial tissue and function as heterotetramers. To examine the inhibition of neuronal excitation by GIRKs, we overexpressed GIRKs in cultured hippocampal neurons from 18 day rat embryos, which normally lack or show low amounts of GIRK protein and currents. Adenoviral recombinants containing the cDNAs for GIRK1, GIRK2, GIRK4, and the serotonin 1A receptor were constructed. Typical GIRK currents could be activated by endogenous GABAB, serotonin 5-HT1A, and adenosine A1 receptors in neurons coinfected with GIRK1+2 or GIRK1+4. Under current clamp, GIRK activation increased the cell membrane conductance by 1- to 2-fold, hyperpolarized the cell by 11-14 mV, and inhibited action potential firing by increasing the threshold current for firing by 2- to 3-fold. These effects were not found in non- and mock-infected neurons, and were similar to the effects of muscarinic stimulation of native GIRK currents in atrial myocytes. Two inhibitory effects of GIRK activation, hyperpolarization and diminution of depolarizing pulses, were simulated from the experimental data. These inhibitory effects are physiologically important in the voltage range between the resting membrane potential and the potential where voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents are activated; that is where GIRK currents are outward.
A Robust Image Super-Resolution Scheme Based on Redescending M-Estimators and Information-Theoretic Divergence (2007)

This paper proposes a novel image super-resolution (SR) algorithm in a robust estimation framework. SR estimation is formulated as an optimization (minimization) problem whose objective function is based on robust M-estimators and its solution yields the SR output. The novelty of the proposed scheme lies in the selection of this class of estimators and the incorporation of information-theoretic similarity measures. Such a choice helps in dealing with violations (outliers) of the assumed mathematical model that generated the low-resolution images from the "unknown" high-resolution one. The proposed approach results in high-resolution images with no estimation artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate its superior performance in comparison to both L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> estimation in terms of robustness and speed of convergence.
The Effectiveness of the Two-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccine: Analysis of Real-World Data (2021)

The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine is comparable to the one reported in the phase III clinical trial.
Detection of Edges Using Mathematical Morphological Operators (2014)

Edges form the outline of an object. An edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and indicates the boundary between overlapping objects also. So, by identifying edges in an image accurately, all the objects can be located and basic properties such as area, perimeter and shape can be measured. Therefore, edge detection is used to find the discontinuities in surface orientation, changes in material properties and variations in scene illuminations. In this paper, implementation of various morphological operators is done for medical images.
Microcellular Foaming of (Nano)Biocomposites by Continuous Extrusion Assisted by Supercritical CO2 (2018)

In many industrial fields, the development of porous and light polymer composite structures is of great interest. Continuous extrusion assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) is an emerging technology for the microcellular foaming of polymer and composite materials. Thanks to its specific physical properties, sc-CO2 can act as a removable plasticizer and physical blowing agent during processing. Unlike chemical foaming processes, sc-CO2 assisted extrusion avoids leaving residues in the final products. It also allows a rapid mixing and dissolution of sc-CO2 in the polymer melt as compared to batch processes. In this chapter, the foaming of biopolymer matrices by sc-CO2 assisted extrusion is reviewed and extended to the development of (nano)biocomposites foams loaded with micro/nano-sized (in)organic fillers.