gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from The 6q22.33 Locus and Breast Cancer Susceptibility (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Recently, we identified a novel breast cancer susceptibility locus at &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; following a genome-wide association study in the Ashkenazi Jewish genetic isolate. To replicate these findings, we did a case-control association analysis on &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; (rs2180341) in an additional 487 Ashkenazi Jewish breast cancer cases and in an independent non-Jewish, predominantly European American, population of 1,466 breast cancer cases and 1,467 controls. We confirmed the &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; association with breast cancer risk in the replication cohorts [per-allele odds ratio (OR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-1.33; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0083], with the strongest effect in the aggregate meta-analysis of 3,039 breast cancer cases and 2,616 Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish controls (per-allele OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13-1.36; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 3.85 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;). We also showed that the association was slightly stronger with estrogen receptor–positive tumors (per-allele OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 2.2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt;) compared with estrogen receptor–negative tumors (per-allele OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.97-1.47; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.1). Furthermore, this study provides a novel insight into the functional significance of &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; in breast cancer susceptibility. Due to the stronger association of &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, we examined the effect of candidate genes on estrogen receptor response elements. Upon transfection of overexpressed &lt;i&gt;RNF146&lt;/i&gt; in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, we observed diminished expression of an estrogen receptor response element reporter construct. This study confirms the association of &lt;i&gt;6q22.33&lt;/i&gt; with breast cancer, with slightly stronger effect in estrogen receptor–positive tumors. Further functional studies of candidate genes are in progress, and a large replication analysis is being completed as part of an international consortium. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2468–75)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Research conference summary from the 2014 International Task Force on ATP1A3 -Related Disorders (2017)

This report summarizes recommendations of the workshop committee, highlighting the key phenotypic features to facilitate the diagnosis of possible <i>ATP1A3</i> mutations, providing recommendations for genetic testing, and outlining initial acute management for common recurrent clinical conditions, including epilepsy.
On the Diversity and Formation Modes of Martian Minerals (2023)

Abstract A systematic survey of 161 known and postulated minerals originating on Mars points to 20 different mineral‐forming processes (paragenetic modes), which are a subset of formation modes observed on Earth. The earliest martian minerals, as on Earth, were primary phases from mafic igneous rocks and their ultramafic cumulates. Subsequent primary igneous minerals were associated with products of limited fractional crystallization, including alkaline and quartz‐normative lithologies. Significant mineral diversification occurred via precipitation of primary phases from aqueous and atmospheric fluids, including authigenesis, hydrothermal and cryogenic precipitation, and evaporites, including freeze drying during eras of low atmospheric pressures. In particular, hydrothermal mineral formation associated with both volcanic fluids and sustained hydrothermal activity in impact fracture zones may have triggered significant mineral diversification, though as yet undocumented. At least 65 such primary minerals have been identified by flown missions to Mars and from martian meteorites. A host of secondary martian minerals were produced by near‐surface processes related to water/rock interactions, including hydration/dehydration, oxidation/reduction, serpentinization, metasomatism, and a variety of diagenetic alterations. Additional mineral diversity resulted from metamorphic events, including thermal and shock metamorphism, lightning, and bolide impacts. However, several dominant sources of mineral diversity on Earth, including (a) extensive fluid/rock interactions and element concentration associated with plate tectonics; (b) high‐pressure regional metamorphism associated with plate tectonics; and (c) biologically mediated mineralization—are not known to be in play on Mars. Consequently, we estimate the total mineral diversity of Mars to be an order of magnitude smaller than on Earth.
Dielectric response of cancer cells after exposure to single and multiple nanosecond pulses (2013)

Intense nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can cause various effects in biological cells and tissues. The quality and evolution of induced membrane poration phenomena are essential for the ultimate fate of cells. Recent Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have predicted that the poration process is a two-fold process and that nanopores formed by a nsPEF-exposure can be long-lived [1]. To better understand the role of long-lived nanopores in nsPEF-cell interactions, we have investigated the dielectric response of Jurkat cells after exposure to single and multiple 300-ns pulses of similar dose of electrical energy by means of time domain dielectric spectroscopy.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-difluoromethylthio-1,3,5-triazines. (1987)

Forty-one 2-difluoromethylthio-1, 3, 5-triazines were synthesized and their herbicidal activities were evaluated under pot conditions. Some of them showed high potential as useful herbicides against weeds with little phytotoxicity toward crops. 2-Difluoromethylthio-4, 6-bis(isopropylamino)-1, 3, 5-triazine (exp. code No. SSH-108) showed a particularly high specific pre-emergence herbicidal activity. Their activities and selectivities were compared with those of prometryn.
Private money, settlement, and discount : a comment (2000)

Temzelides and Williamson present a model of private currency issuance to study the effect of clearing arrangements on the prices at which private currencies trade, on the volume of exchange, and on welfare. Their findings hinge on three factors: the location of the issuers relative to the area in which their currencies circulate, whether there is an arrangement for clearing nonlocally issued currencies, and whether agents are fully informed about the quality of the currencies. This paper finds that the Temzelides-Williamson model provides valuable insights about historical experiences with private paper monies, but it raises more questions than it answers regarding electronic currencies. The model can, however, serve as a useful point of departure for further research.
Potential Health Impact of Environmentally Released Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Food Production Chain: Experiences from Nanotoxicology (2015)

High concentrations of plastic debris have been observed in the oceans. Much of the recent concern has focused on microplastics in the marine environment. Recent studies of the size distribution of the plastic debris suggested that continued fragmenting of microplastics into nanosized particles may occur. In this review we assess the current literature on the occurrence of environmentally released micro- and nanoplastics in the human food production chain and their potential health impact. The currently used analytical techniques introduce a great bias in the knowledge, since they are only able to detect plastic particles well above the nanorange. We discuss the potential use of the very sensitive analytical techniques that have been developed for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles. We recognize three possible toxic effects of plastic particles: first due to the plastic particles themselves, second to the release of persistent organic pollutant adsorbed to the plastics, and third to the leaching of additives of the plastics. The limited data on microplastics in foods do not predict adverse effect of these pollutants or additives. Potential toxic effects of microplastic particles will be confined to the gut. The potential human toxicity of nanoplastics is poorly studied. Based on our experiences in nanotoxicology we prioritized future research questions.
Engendering Unprecedented Activation of Oxygen Evolution via Rational Pinning of Ni Oxidation State in Prototypical Perovskite: Close Juxtaposition of Synthetic Approach and Theoretical Conception (2021)

Rational optimization of the OER activity of catalysts based on LaNiO3 oxide is achieved by maximizing the presence of trivalent Ni in the surface structure. DFT investigations of the LaNiO3 catalyst and surface structures related to it predict an improvement in the OER activity for these materials to levels comparable with the top of the OER volcano if the La content is minimized while the oxidation state of Ni is maintained. These theoretically predicted structures of high intrinsic OER activity can be prepared by a templated sprayfreeze freeze-drying synthesis followed by a simple postsynthesis exfoliation-like treatment in acidic media. These nanocrystalline LaNiO3-related materials confirm the theoretical predictions, showing a dramatic improvement in OER activity. The exfoliated surfaces remain stable in OER catalysis, as shown by an in-operando ICP-OES study. The unprecedented OER activation of the synthesized LaNiO3 based materials is related to a close juxtaposition of the theoretical conception of ideal structural motifs and the ability to engender such motifs using a unique synthetic procedure, both principally related to stabilization and pinning of the Ni oxidation state within the local coordination environment of the perovskite structure.
Allele mining in the caprine alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) gene of native Saudi origin (2016)

Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) is a distinctive whey protein found in bovine milk and the milk of other mammalian species. Its main function in the lactating mammary glands is involved in lactose biosynthesis, which makes it a potential quantitative trait locus. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the exonic and intronic portions of the caprine α-LA gene (LALBA) in native Saudi breeds (Ardi, Habsi and Harri) in relation to utility traits. Blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 for each breed). Genomic DNA was extracted and a 268 bp fragment of the LALBA gene comprising exon 3 and its flanking area was amplified. Subsequent digestion with MvaI restriction endonuclease resulted in two different banding patterns: αLA A1/αLA A1 and αLA A1/αLA A2, and two allelic forms, i.e. αLA A1 and αLA A2. Nucleotide sequencing of the designated LALBA amplicons was done and, following successful BLAST analysis, the sequences were submitted to GenBank (NCBI Accession No. KM267632, KM267633, KM267634 and KP940442). SNPs were searched within breeds of Saudi origin and homology was sought among caprine, ovine and bovine species. A C > T transition was identified within the fifth nucleotide of the silent α-LA A2 allele. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of LALBA nucleotide sequence of Saudi goats indicated similarity with evolutionarily related sheep, while the origin of bovine species and deer was located some distance away.
Predictors of Nonadherence Among Patients With Infectious Complications of Substance Use Who Are Discharged on Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (2022)

Nonadherence to parenteral antimicrobial therapy is high in the most vulnerable patients with unstable high-risk SUD and adverse social determinants of health.
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression and Shedding in Thyroid Tumors (2011)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) is expressed in various tissues, cancers, and cancer-initiating cells. Alterations in expression of ALCAM have been reported in several human tumors, and cell adhesion functions have been proposed to explain its association with cancer. Here we documented high levels of ALCAM expression in human thyroid tumors and cell lines. Through proteomic characterization of ALCAM expression in the human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1, we identified the presence of a full-length membrane-associated isoform in cell lysate and of soluble ALCAM isoforms in conditioned medium. This finding is consistent with proteolytically shed ALCAM ectodomains. Nonspecific agents, such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or ionomycin, provoked increased ectodomain shedding. Epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation also enhanced ALCAM secretion through an ADAM17/TACE-dependent pathway. ADAM17/TACE was expressed in the TPC-1 cell line, and ADAM17/TACE silencing by specific small interfering RNAs reduced ALCAM shedding. In addition, the CGS27023A inhibitor of ADAM17/TACE function reduced ALCAM release in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited cell migration in a wound-healing assay. We also provide evidence for the existence of novel O-glycosylated forms and of a novel 60-kDa soluble form of ALCAM, which is particularly abundant following cell stimulation by PMA. ALCAM expression in papillary and medullary thyroid cancer specimens and in the surrounding non-tumoral component was studied by western blot and immunohistochemistry, with results demonstrating that tumor cells overexpress ALCAM. These findings strongly suggest the possibility that ALCAM may have an important role in thyroid tumor biology.
Mucosal-associated invariant T cell–rich congenic mouse strain allows functional evaluation (2015)

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) have potent antimicrobial activity and are abundant in humans (5%-10% in blood). Despite strong evolutionary conservation of the invariant TCR-α chain and restricting molecule MR1, this population is rare in laboratory mouse strains (≈0.1% in lymphoid organs), and lack of an appropriate mouse model has hampered the study of MAIT biology. Herein, we show that MAITs are 20 times more frequent in clean wild-derived inbred CAST/EiJ mice than in C57BL/6J mice. Increased MAIT frequency was linked to one CAST genetic trait that mapped to the TCR-α locus and led to higher usage of the distal Vα segments, including Vα19. We generated a MAIThi congenic strain that was then crossed to a transgenic Rorcgt-GFP reporter strain. Using this tool, we characterized polyclonal mouse MAITs as memory (CD44+) CD4-CD8lo/neg T cells with tissue-homing properties (CCR6+CCR7-). Similar to human MAITs, mouse MAITs expressed the cytokine receptors IL-7R, IL-18Rα, and IL-12Rβ and the transcription factors promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) and RAR-related orphan receptor γ (RORγt). Mouse MAITs produced Th1/2/17 cytokines upon TCR stimulation and recognized a bacterial compound in an MR1-dependent manner. During experimental urinary tract infection, MAITs migrated to the bladder and decreased bacterial load. Our study demonstrates that the MAIThi congenic strain allows phenotypic and functional characterization of naturally occurring mouse MAITs in health and disease.
Exploring Heterogeneity on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Cluster Analytical Investigation (2019)

Abstract Objectives: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a complex measure of executive function that is frequently employed to investigate the schizophrenia spectrum. The successful completion of the task requires the interaction of multiple intact executive processes, including attention, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and concept formation. Considerable cognitive heterogeneity exists among the schizophrenia spectrum population, with substantive evidence to support the existence of distinct cognitive phenotypes. The within-group performance heterogeneity of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) on the WCST has yet to be investigated. A data-driven cluster analysis was performed to characterise WCST performance heterogeneity. Methods: Hierarchical cluster analysis with k -means optimisation was employed to identify homogenous subgroups in a sample of 210 schizophrenia spectrum participants. Emergent clusters were then compared to each other and a group of 194 healthy controls (HC) on WCST performance and demographic/clinical variables. Results: Three clusters emerged and were validated via altered design iterations. Clusters were deemed to reflect a relatively intact patient subgroup, a moderately impaired patient subgroup, and a severely impaired patient subgroup. Conclusions: Considerable within-group heterogeneity exists on the WCST. Identification of subgroups of patients who exhibit homogenous performance on measures of executive functioning may assist in optimising cognitive interventions. Previous associations found using the WCST among schizophrenia spectrum participants should be reappraised. ( JINS , 2019, 25 , 750–760)
Defense: A Realized Software Defined Radio Family for Military Applications (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Peculiarities of Defense Applications of SDR Interoperability Information Security (InfoSec) Operational Security Logistics/ILS The M3xR Technology Platform General Radio Architecture The Three Ms: Multiband, Multimode, Multirole Protection Processing Units Radio Control and Human–Machine Interface Preplanned Product Improvement (P3I) Software Download Compatibility with JTRS Examples of Realized SDRs Airborne Radio M3AR Tactical Radio M3TR Surface Radio M3SR Net Management Center Conclusion and Outlook References
Engineering copper nanoparticles synthesized on the surface of carbon nanotubes for anti-microbial and anti-biofilm applications (2018)

Copper nanoparticles synthesized on carbon nanotubes can not only remove bacteria but also biofilm, which is difficult to be destroyed by conventional methods.
Single-radial-immunodiffusion potency tests of inactivated influenza vaccines for use in man and animals. (1986)

Single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRD) provides a sensitive and reproducible in vitro assay for haemagglutinin (HA) concentration in inactivated influenza vaccines. The use of SRD for human influenza vaccine standardization and application for equine and avian influenza vaccines is discussed. In clinical trials, vaccine HA concentration measured by SRD has been shown to be directly related to antibody responses and to protection against challenge. The use of SRD may considerably reduce the usage of animals for potency testing of veterinary influenza vaccines.
CoMoGCN: Coherent Motion Aware Trajectory Prediction with Graph Representation (2020)

Forecasting human trajectories is critical for tasks such as robot crowd navigation and autonomous driving. Modeling social interactions is of great importance for accurate group-wise motion prediction. However, most existing methods do not consider information about coherence within the crowd, but rather only pairwise interactions. In this work, we propose a novel framework, coherent motion aware graph convolutional network (CoMoGCN), for trajectory prediction in crowded scenes with group constraints. First, we cluster pedestrian trajectories into groups according to motion coherence. Then, we use graph convolutional networks to aggregate crowd information efficiently. The CoMoGCN also takes advantage of variational autoencoders to capture the multimodal nature of the human trajectories by modeling the distribution. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on several different trajectory prediction benchmarks, and the best average performance among all benchmarks considered.
The Uneasy Case for Extending the Sales Tax to Services (2003)

Commissioned in connection with a symposium in the Florida State University Law Review, this article examines the issue of whether to extend the retail sales tax to cover services. During the past fifty years, the U.S. economy has shifted from one based primarily on the production of goods to one dominated by the provision of services. Policymakers in several states have argued that the current sales tax base, which was established during the early 1930's, should be reformed because it currently fails to reach most services. I examine the principal arguments for and against the expansion of the sales tax base to cover services and conclude that, on balance, the case for reforming the sales tax in this manner is not persuasive. If state policymakers insist on broad-based consumption taxes, the retail sales tax is arguably the least effective levy in accomplishing that goal. The shortcomings of the retail sales tax as a broad-based consumption tax are traceable to the design of the tax as a point-of-purchase transactions If the goal of sales tax reform is to reach all personal consumption, as advocates of taxing services suggest, states should consider alternative consumption taxes, such as the cash-flow (consumed income) consumption tax or a modified subtraction method value-added tax, such as the Hall-Rabushka flat tax. The article offers some preliminary thoughts on the problems and complications involved in employing these alternative consumption taxes at the state and local level.
The Infinity Total Ankle System: Early Clinical Results With 2- to 4-Year Follow-up (2018)

Level IV.
Transport issues in the network file system (1989)

The Sun Network File System (NFS) is a popular protocol to access files across a network [Sandberg 86]. NFS is implemented on machines as different as Personal Computers, and Cray-2 supercomputers. It uses Sun Remote Procedure Call [Sun 88] and External Data Representation [Sun 87] specifications, which can be used on a variety of transport protocols. The original design goal for NFS was to support small clusters of machines on local area networks. Thus a datagram protocol (UDP) was chosen to simplify transport.Using a connection-less transport protocol meant that nothing explicitly needed to be done to handle server or network failures. However, the use of NFS has expanded to cover much larger and more complicated networks than was ever anticipated. This has caused some NFS users to experience the problems of congestion and flow controI that transport protocols have been designed to address. This paper discucsses some alternatives for NFS transport protocols. Other issues such as inter-domain authentication, are not discussed here.