gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Report of a case and review of its cytologic features (2010)

Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. MPC has a propensity to invade lymphovascular spaces and detrusor muscle early in the disease that often leads to upstaging and/or lymph node metastasis in many cases at cystectomy. Its association with the usual high-grade urothelial carcinoma provides an easy recognition of malignancy in cytology specimens without attempt at separating or identifying the MPC component. This may be related to our limited familiarity of its cytologic features with only 4 cases described in the literature. We report another case of MPC and highlight its features in cytologic preparations including the presence of singly scattered tumor cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and pleomorphic nuclei, clustered cells devoid of fibrovascular core (micropapillae), 3-dimensional cell aggregates, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and micropapillae exhibiting some features of low-grade urothelial neoplasm. Appreciation of these features may help facilitate its early diagnosis and hopefully a better outcome for these aggressive tumors.
The structure of CrgA from Neisseria meningitidis reveals a new octameric assembly state for LysR transcriptional regulators (2009)

LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) form the largest family of bacterial regulators acting as both auto-repressors and activators of target promoters, controlling operons involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. The LTTR, CrgA, from the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, is upregulated during bacterial-host cell contact. Here, we report the crystal structures of both regulatory domain and full-length CrgA, the first of a novel subclass of LTTRs that form octameric rings. Non-denaturing mass spectrometry analysis and analytical ultracentrifugation established that the octameric form of CrgA is the predominant species in solution in both the presence and absence of an oligonucleotide encompassing the CrgA-binding sequence. Furthermore, analysis of the isolated CrgA-DNA complex by mass spectrometry showed stabilization of a double octamer species upon DNA binding. Based on the observed structure and the mass spectrometry findings, a model is proposed in which a hexadecameric array of two CrgA oligomers binds to its DNA target site.
Criteria (1993)

Once a job description has been prepared, there is a very strong impetus to proceed directly to personnel specifications, placement of adverts and selection of candidates. However, the stage which should follow the analysis of a job is the development of criteria. To understand the reason it is necessary to look forward to the time when the selection system is in operation. Sooner or later someone will ask whether the selection system works and whether it is valid. To answer these questions it will be necessary to compare the predictions of the selection system against a standard, or perhaps several standards. These criteria can be produced at this later stage but there are two good reasons why they should be defined soon after the job analysis has been completed.
Autres familles d’acariens prédateurs d’acariens (2011)

- Stigmaeidae- Anystidae- Cheyletidae- Bdellidae- Cunaxidae- Erythraeidae- Tydeidae
The APOBEC3A deaminase drives episodic mutagenesis in cancer cells (2021)

ABSTRACT The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases is widely speculated to be a major source of somatic mutations in cancer 1–3 . However, causal links between APOBEC3 enzymes and mutations in human cancer cells have not been established. The identity of the APOBEC3 paralog(s) that may act as prime drivers of mutagenesis and the mechanisms underlying different APOBEC3-associated mutational signatures are unknown. To directly investigate the roles of APOBEC3 enzymes in cancer mutagenesis, candidate APOBEC3 genes were deleted from cancer cell lines recently found to naturally generate APOBEC3-associated mutations in episodic bursts 4 . Deletion of the APOBEC3A paralog severely diminished the acquisition of mutations of speculative APOBEC3 origins in breast cancer and lymphoma cell lines. APOBEC3 mutational burdens were undiminished in APOBEC3B knockout cell lines. APOBEC3A deletion reduced the appearance of the clustered mutation types kataegis and omikli , which are frequently found in cancer genomes. The uracil glycosylase UNG and the translesion polymerase REV1 were found to play critical roles in the generation of mutations induced by APOBEC3A. These data represent the first evidence for a long-postulated hypothesis that APOBEC3 deaminases generate prevalent clustered and non-clustered mutational signatures in human cancer cells, identify APOBEC3A as a driver of episodic mutational bursts, and dissect the roles of the relevant enzymes in generating the associated mutations in breast cancer and B cell lymphoma cell lines.
One-Pot Synthesis of Luotonin A and Its Analogues (2011)

Starting with inexpensive reagents, a self-directed chemical process with the aid of a single metal triflate was readily achieved to concomitantly construct quinazoline and pyrroloquinoline cores to afford the synthesis of luotonin A and its analogues. Among all compounds prepared, 2c, 2d, and 3b exhibit more potent inhibitory activity than luotonin A against human topoisomerase I.
Coverage Control of DNA Crystals Grown by Silica Assistance (2011)

Ein oberflächenvermitteltes Verfahren ermöglicht die Kontrolle der Oberflächenbedeckung von zentimetergroßen Siliciumdioxid-Substraten mit 0 bis 100 % funktionalisierten DNA-Nanostrukturen (siehe Bild). Elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen zwischen DNA-Strukturen und der Oberfläche führten zu drastischen topologischen Veränderungen der Strukturen und damit zu neuen Anordnungen der Kristalle.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3‐Aza‐Grob Fragmentation in Hydride Reduction of Ether‐Protected Aromatic Lactams. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ZnO–CuO core–branch nanocatalysts for ultrasound-assisted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions (2012)

ZnO-CuO core-branch hybrid nanoparticles, synthesized by copper oxide growth and controlled oxidation on ZnO nanospheres, exhibited remarkable enhancement of catalytic activity and stability for ultrasound-assisted [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, due to their high surface area and active facets of the CuO branches.
The Origins of Probabilism in Late Scholastic Moral Thought (2000)

L'article traite de la pensee morale de la scolastique tardive. L'A. soutient que le probabilisme provient de la philosophie pratique du XIIIeme et du XIVeme siecle. Les positions de la haute scolastique sur l'incertitude morale sont abordees. La reception chez les dominicains du XVIeme siecle est aussi etudiee.
Autofrettage to Offset CTE Mismatch in Metal-Lined Composite Cryogenic Feed Lines (2002)

This study investigates the use of autofrettage to counteract CTE mismatch when pre-pressurization procedures cannot be used to solve this problem. Promising materials (Aluminum 2219, Inconel 718, Nickel, Nickel Alloy) and manufacturing techniques (chemical milling, electroplating) are evaluated to determine the best liner candidates. Robust autofrettaged feedlines with a low CTE liner (Inconel 718 or Nickel Alloy) are shown to successfully counteract mismatch at LOX temperature. A new concept, thermal autofrettage, is introduced for high CTE materials (Aluminum and pure Nickel) where mechanical autofrettage cannot be used.
<title>Spatial-scaling-compatible morphological granulometries on locally convex topological vector spaces</title> (1992)

Ganulometries are defined on function classes over topological vector spaces. The usual Euclidean property for scaling compatibility, set scaling in the binary case and graph scaling in the gray-scale case, is changed so that it is with respect to spatial (domain) scaling for function spaces. As in the binary case, scaling compatible granulometries possess representations as double suprema over scaled generating elements. Without further constraint on the generating elements, the double supremum involves, for each generating element, all scalings exceeding the parameter of the particular granulometric operator. The salient theorem of the present paper concerns necessary and sufficient conditions under which there is a reduction of the double-supremum representation to a single supremum over singularly scaled generating functions. Specifically, and in the context of locally convex topological vector spaces, there is a determination of when a domain-scaled function t*f is f-open for all t &lt; 1 . Key roles are played by both topology and local convexity.
Interlayer toughening of composite materials (2008)

Abstract This article describes the efforts that led to the development of low‐cost interlayer materials that may be used to significantly improve the compression‐after‐impact strength of composite laminates and to, correspondingly, dramatically reduce the area of damage because of impact. Moreover, with the proper selection of the interlayer material, other mechanical properties such as open‐hole compression and shear strength are unaffected or improved over laminates made from identical materials, but without the interlayer. These interlayer materials comprise very lightweight nonwoven veils that may either be melt‐bonded or knitted into noncrimped unidirectional and multiaxial fabric forms using commercial, production equipment. Other than some nominal set‐up costs, these materials add nothing to fabric manufacturing costs than the cost of the materials themselves. Fabrics made using the interlayers may be handled and infused with resin in exactly the same manner as fabrics without the interlayer veils. Proper selection of the veil material is essential, however. An improperly selected interlayer veil material can significantly reduce a composite material's performance. This technology represents a key enabler for the use of low‐cost vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding processes, low‐cost preforms, and liquid‐molding resins to supplant prepreg as the building‐block material of choice for composite structures. Details of the test methods, results, and conclusions are contained herein. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Acetals as crosslinking reagents for cotton (1984)

Acetals that react with cotton to form cellulose crosslinks are derived from dialdehydes that can form five-or-six-membered tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran rings. These aldehydes themselves are reactive to cotton, but the acetals do not form the aldehyde to react. The acetals were less reactive than the aldehydes and formed crosslinks with a different structure. Intrinsic reactivity of acetals increased with increased branching in the alkoxy group. but the increase was often hidden by the effect from changing solvents. In some instances a greater reactivity with methyl acetals was pronounced. Strength loss in cotton fabric from crosslinking was greater with acetals than with conventional crosslinking agents because even the most reactive acetals were less reactive and required more rigorous reaction conditions than conventional agents.
The degradation of cyanide and nitriles. (1992)

Several species of anuran amphibians have undergone drastic population declines in the western United States over the last 10 to 15 years. In California, the most severe declines are in the Sierra Mountains east of the Central Valley and downwind of the intensely agricultural San Joaquin Valley. In contrast, coastal and more northern populations across from the less agrarian Sacramento Valley are stable or declining less precipitously. In this article, we provide evidence that pesticides are instrumental in declines of these species. Using Hyla regilla as a sentinel species, we found that cholinesterase (ChE) activity in tadpoles was depressed in mountainous areas east of the Central Valley compared with sites along the coast or north of the Valley. Cholinesterase was also lower in areas where ranid population status was poor or moderate compared with areas with good ranid status. Up to 50% of the sampled population in areas with reduced ChE had detectable organophosphorus residues, with concentrations as high as 190 ppb wet weight. In addition, up to 86% of some populations had measurable endosulfan concentrations and 40% had detectable 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, 4,4'-DDT, and 2,4'-DDT residues.
Towards Boosting Video Popularity via Tag Selection. (2014)

Video content abounds on the Web. Although viewers may reach items via referrals, a large portion of the audience comes from keyword-based search. Consequently, the textual fea-tures of multimedia content (e.g., title, de-scription, tags) will directly impact the view count of a particular item, and ultimately the advertisement-generated revenue. This study makes progress on the problem of automating tag selection for online videos with the goal of increasing viewership. It brings two major insights: first, it describes a methodology to construct a ground truth to evaluate methods that aim to improve so-cial content popularity; second, it provides evidence that the tags on existing YouTube videos can be improved by an automated tag recommendation process even for a sample of well curated videos; finally, it suggests a roadmap to explore low-cost techniques either based on crowdsourcing or on tag recommen-dation algorithms to improve the quality of tags for online video content. Copyright c © by the paper’s authors. Copying permitted only for private and academic purposes.
The optical "Veress-needle"--initial puncture with a minioptic. (1995)

Laparoscopic access is a necessary part of minimally invasive surgery. The double blind puncture with Veress-needle and trocar can cause lethal complications such as bowel injury, bleeding and gas-embolisation. Some authors have reported alternative techniques for laparoscopic abdominal access. Because no blind procedure can absolutely prevent injury, permanent visual control of perforated tissue layers as in open surgery should be achieved to prevent possible injury at an early stage. Previously described procedures could not fulfil all requirements to comply with this ideal, i.e. permanent visual control of abdominal wall penetration prior to establishment of pneumoperitoneum and trocar insertion without further possible damage. We designed a 2 mm fibreglass optic 250 mm in length that is inserted into a suitable cannula. Special construction allows rinsing through the cannula to clear the vision and to open spaces in the puncture track by water dissection. After incision of the skin, all layers of the abdominal wall can be visualised, including blood vessels and internal surfaces. Once the abdominal cavity is reached, the needle tip is retracted and a two-step dilation allows the trocar to be introduced via the puncture track. Only then does insufflation begin. The fibreglass optic-equipped safety needle was used for visually controlled access in 184 laparoscopic surgical procedures. After a period of training, all layers of the abdominal wall could be recognised exactly. In two patients with dense adhesions, perforation of the small bowel was diagnosed immediately by endoscopic viewing. The small injury needed no treatment, and the intended procedure was completed laparoscopically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comment on "Realized Variance and Market Microstructure Noise" by Peter R. Hansen and Asger Lunde (2005)

We find ourselves very much in agreement with the thrust of HL’s message concerning the complexity induced by microstructure noise. In particular, we agree that noise is time dependent and correlated with the efficient price - features that in our view are a necessary consequence of the observed form of market transactions, as we have argued above - and that the properties of noise inevitably evolve over time, again just as the efficient price is itself evolutionary. We further agree that microstructure noise cannot be accommodated by simple specifications. Since microstructure noise at ultra high infill sampling frequencies often off-sets the actual transactions data to the latent efficient price, the complexity of microstructure noise includes local nonstationarity and perfect correlation with the efficient price. These are properties that are not permitted in the models and methods presently used in the literature. However, there are empirical procedures that are capable of addressing these additional complexities as we have indicated in parts of our discussion. We join the authors in saying there is still much to do in this exciting field and we look forward to further developments that build on the work they and others have done recently.
ChemInform Abstract: A Paramagnetic μ‐Methylene Complex with a Short Cr(III)‐Cr(III) Bond. (1990)

Abstract The title complex (II) is obtained by decomposition of the electron‐poor compound (I) in solution and characterized by an X‐ray structure determination (P2 1 /c, Z=4).
Maximum Probability Principle and Black-Box Priors. (2019)

We present an axiomatic way of assigning probabilities to probabilistic models. In particular, we quantify an upper bound for probability of a model or in terms of information theory, a lower bound for amount of information that is assumed in a model. In our setup, maximizing probabilities of models is equivalent to removing assumptions or information stored in the model. Furthermore, we represent the problem of learning from an alternative view where the underlying probability space is considered directly. In this perspective both the true underlying model (Oracle) and the model at hand are events. subsequently, learning is presented in three perspectives: maximizing the likelihood of oracle given model, intersection of model and the oracle and symmetric difference complement of model and the oracle.
Regulation of Macrophage Activation and Polarization by HCC-Derived Exosomal lncRNA TUC339 (2018)

Exosomes released by cells can serve as vehicles for delivery of biological materials and signals. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt, which roles are increasingly appreciated in various biological content. Tumor-derived exosomal lncRNAs have been implicated as signaling mediators to orchestrate cell function among neighbor tumor cells. However, the role of tumor-derived lncRNAs in cross-talk with environmental macrophages has yet to be explored. In this paper, we demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells⁻derived exosomes contain elevated levels of lncRNA TUC339 and that HCC-derived exosomes could be taken up by THP-1 cells. In seeking to dissect the biological function of tumor secreting TUC339 in macrophages, we applied loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies. We observed increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increased co-stimulatory molecule expression, and enhanced phagocytosis upon suppression of TUC339 by siRNA in THP-1 cells, and the opposite effect upon over-expression of this lncRNA, which indicates that TUC339 was involved in the regulation of macrophage activation. Moreover, we detected an elevated level of TUC339 in M(IL-4) macrophages as compared to M(IFN-γ + LPS) macrophages and a down-regulation of TUC339 expression during M(IL-4)-to-M(IFN-γ + LPS) repolarization and vice versa. Furthermore, suppression of TUC339 in macrophages diminished the expression of M(IL-4) markers upon IL-4 treatment while overexpression of TUC339 in macrophages enhanced M(IL-4) markers upon IFN-γ + LPS treatment, which suggests a critical function of TUC339 in the regulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Lastly, using microarray analysis, we identified cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, CXCR chemokine receptor binding, Toll-like receptor signaling, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and cell proliferation are related with TUC339 function in macrophages. Our results provide evidence for a novel regulatory function of tumor-derived exosomal lncRNA TUC339 in environmental macrophages and shed light on the complicated interactions between tumor and immune cells through exosomal lncRNAs.
Mitral valve reserve in double-orifice technique: an exercise echocardiographic study. (2002)

The double-orifice repair, even with concomitant ring annuloplasty, does not cause mitral valve obstruction, either at baseline or during physical exercise, and does not affect valve hemodynamic and valve reserve.
Insulin Signaling in Microdomains of the Plasma Membrane (2003)

Although the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism are well documented, gaps remain in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms of signal transduction. Recent evidence suggests that compartmentalization of signaling molecules and metabolic enzymes may explain the unique cellular effects of the hormone. Signal initiation from the insulin receptor is restricted in part to caveolae microdomains of the plasma membrane. A fraction of the insulin receptor directly interacts with caveolin, thus directing the protein to caveolae. Following its activation by insulin, the receptor recruits a series of adapter proteins, resulting in the activation of the G protein TC10, which also resides in caveolae. TC10 can influence a number of cellular processes, including changes in the actin cytoskeleton, recruitment of effector including the adapter protein CIP4, and assembly of the exocyst complex. These events play crucial roles in the trafficking, docking and fusion of vesicles containing the insulin-responsive glucose transporter Glut4 at the plasma membrane.
KIP: a keyphrase identification program with learning functions (2004)

We report a keyphrase identification program (KIP), which uses sample human keyphrases and then learns to identify additional new keyphrases. KIP first populates its database using manually identified keyphrases; each keyphrase is preprocessed and assigned an initial weight. It then extracts noun phrases from documents. All noun phrases will be assigned a score, depending on the weights for words it contains; the ones that have a score higher than the threshold will be selected as keyphrases. Learned new keyphrases will be inserted to the database and weights will be updated. As a result, new keyphrase identification iteration will be triggered. The process stops when no new keyphrases are identified during previous iteration. According to the results of evaluation, the base KIP system's average recall was 0.7 and precision was 0.44. The augmented KIP with learning functions did produce new keyphrases which were not identified by the base system.