gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Properties of Phosphonate Ester-Supported Neodymium(III) Nitrate and Chloride Complexes (2022)

This study examines the synthesis of two geminal bisphosphonate ester-supported Ln<sup>3+</sup> complexes [Ln(<b>L3</b>)<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] (Ln = Nd<sup>3+</sup> (<b>5</b>), La<sup>3+</sup> (<b>6</b>)) and optical properties of the neodymium(III) complex. These results are compared to known mono-phosphonate ester-based Nd<sup>3+</sup> complexes [Nd(<b>L1</b>/<b>L2</b>)<sub>3</sub>X<sub>3</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (X = NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, n = 1; Cl<sup>-</sup>, n = 2) (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>). The optical properties of Nd<sup>3+</sup> compounds are determined by micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) spectroscopy which reveals three characteristic metal-centered emission bands in the NIR region related to transitions from <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> excited state. Additionally, two emission bands from <sup>4</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub>, <sup>2</sup>H<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>J</sub> (J = 11/2, 13/2) transitions were observed. PL spectroscopy of equimolar complex solutions in dry dichloromethane (DCM) revealed remarkably higher emission intensity of the mono-phosphonate ester-based complexes in comparison to their bisphosphonate ester congener. The temperature-dependent PL measurements enable assignment of the emission lines of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2</sub> transition. Furthermore, low-temperature polarization-dependent measurements of the transitions from R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub> Stark sublevel of <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> state to the <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2</sub> state for crystals of [Nd(<b>L3</b>)<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] (<b>5</b>) are discussed.
Dualité cognitive et organisationnelle de l'entreprise : le rôle différencié du manager et de l'entrepreneur (2001)

On the basis of the recent concepts of epistemic communities and communities of practice, we show that the firm can be defined according to a form of double duality: cognitive and organisational. The interest of this approach is to put ahead the differentiated behavior from the manager and the entrepreneur inside the firm. It also puts in light the important questions concerning the organisational tensions under the vision of the knowledge-based economies.
Hierarchical User Status Classification for Imbalanced Biometric Data Class (2022)

With the proliferation of Internet of Things technologies, health care services that target a household equipped with IoT devices are widely emerging. In the meantime, the number of global single households is expected to rapidly grow. Contactless radar-based sensors are recently investigated as a convenient and practical means to collect biometric data of subjects in single households. In this paper, biometric data collected by contactless radar-based sensors installed in single households of the elderly under uncontrolled environments are analyzed, and a deep learning-based classification model is proposed that estimates a user’s status in one of the predefined classes. In particular, the issue of the imbalance class sizes in the generated dataset is managed by reorganizing the classes into a hierarchical structure and designing the architecture for a deep learning-based status classification model. The experimental results verify that the proposed classification model has a noticeable impact in mitigating the issue of imbalanced class sizes as it enhances the classification accuracy of the individual class by up to 65% while improving the overall status classification accuracy by 6%.
Detecting the Biopolymer Behavior of Graphene Nanoribbons in Aqueous Solution (2016)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNR), can be prepared in bulk quantities for large-area applications by reducing the product from the lengthwise oxidative unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). Recently, the biomaterials application of GNR has been explored, for example, in the pore to be used for DNA sequencing. Therefore, understanding the polymer behavior of GNR in solution is essential in predicting GNR interaction with biomaterials. Here, we report experimental studies of the solution-based mechanical properties of GNR and their parent products, graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONR). We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study their mechanical properties in solution and showed that GNR and GONR have similar force-extension behavior as in biopolymers such as proteins and DNA. The rigidity increases with reducing chemical functionalities. The similarities in rigidity and tunability between nanoribbons and biomolecules might enable the design and fabrication of GNR-biomimetic interfaces.
Supplementary Table 1 from Nitric Oxide Production Upregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Inhibiting Dickkopf-1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 64K, Tumor samples summary.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanistic insights into the synergistic activation of the RXR–PXR heterodimer by endocrine disruptor mixtures (2020)

Humans are chronically exposed to mixtures of xenobiotics referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A vast body of literature links exposure to these chemicals with increased incidences of reproductive, metabolic, or neurological disorders. Moreover, recent data demonstrate that, when used in combination, chemicals have outcomes that cannot be predicted from their individual behavior. In its heterodimeric form with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an essential role in controlling the mammalian xenobiotic response and mediates both beneficial and detrimental effects. Our previous work shed light on a mechanism by which a binary mixture of xenobiotics activates PXR in a synergistic fashion. Structural analysis revealed that mutual stabilization of the compounds within the ligand-binding pocket of PXR accounts for the enhancement of their binding affinity. In order to identify and characterize additional active mixtures, we combined a set of cell-based, biophysical, structural, and in vivo approaches. Our study reveals features that confirm the binding promiscuity of this receptor and its ability to accommodate bipartite ligands. We reveal previously unidentified binding mechanisms involving dynamic structural transitions and covalent coupling and report four binary mixtures eliciting graded synergistic activities. Last, we demonstrate that the robust activity obtained with two synergizing PXR ligands can be enhanced further in the presence of RXR environmental ligands. Our study reveals insights as to how low-dose EDC mixtures may alter physiology through interaction with RXR-PXR and potentially several other nuclear receptor heterodimers.
A review of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with cardiac surgery and anaesthesia (2012)

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is receiving increasing attention, particularly as it mainly affects the (growing) elderly population. Until recently, cognitive deficits after cardiac surgery were thought to be caused by physiological disturbances associated with the cardiopulmonary bypass technique. Although the technique of 'off-pump' coronary revascularisation may potentially be associated with improved outcome, long-term follow-up studies have failed to demonstrate a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The focus of research is thus shifting from cardiopulmonary bypass to other factors common to both techniques, such as surgery, anaesthesia and patient-related predisposing factors. Priming of the immune system by ageing and atherosclerosis may result in an exaggerated systemic and cerebral inflammatory response to cardiac surgery and anaesthesia, causing neuronal loss or dysfunction resulting in cognitive dysfunction. We briefly discuss the evidence for cardiopulmonary bypass-related neuronal injuries in adult cardiac surgery patients, and review the evidence that immune priming is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery.
Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Thiazoles with a 5-(N,N-Dimethylaminomethyl) Substituent (2007)

We report synthetic strategies to 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles with a N,N-dimethylaminomethyl residue at C(5).Three different routes to build up these scaffolds are described.Furthermore, we report a retro-Brook rearrangement of a thiazole derivative as well as an unusual cyclization leading to a highly substituted benzothiazole.acetylide was reacted with 20, propargyl alcohol (±)-23 was obtained in good yield, while the Grignard reagent formed from bromo(triisopropylsilyl)acetylene 16 with i-PrMgCl afforded silyl-protected (±)-24.Treatment of (±)-23 with DAST gave the propargylic fluoride (±)-25.Reagents and conditions: i) DIBALH, CH 2 Cl 2 , -78 °C → rt, 17 h; 46%.ii) MeONHMe-HCl, AlMe 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , 0 °C → rt, 2.5 h; 93%.iii) Dess-Martin periodinane, CH 2 Cl 2 , 0 °C → rt, 9 h; 97%.iv) DIBALH, CH 2 Cl 2 , -78 °C, 2 h; 84%.v) HC≡C-Li, THF, 0 °C → rt, 2 h; 87% ((±)-23) or TIPS-C≡C-MgCl, 0 °C → rt, 2 h; 64% ((±)-24).vi) DAST, CH 2 Cl 2 , -78 °C, 1 h; 40%.DIBALH = diisobutylaluminum hydride.DAST = diethylaminosulfur trifluoride.Scheme 5 Synthesis of propargyl derivatives (±)-23 to (±)-25.Computer modeling suggested that a central 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole bearing a propargylic vector with an attached imidazole in position 4 would hold promise as trypanothione reductase inhibitors.Therefore, we developed a synthesis of a suitable alkynylated imidazole for attack at a thiazole-4-carbaldehyde (Scheme 6).Reagents and conditions: i) CBr 4 , PPh 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , 0 °C → rt, 4 h; 95%.ii) a) n-BuLi, THF, -78 °C → 0 °C, 2 h; 57% (28), 26% (29); b) n-BuLi, n-Bu 3 SnCl, THF, -78 °C → rt, 4 h; 40% (30), 34% (31); c) NaH, THF, 0 °C → rt, 14 h; 79% (32).iii) DIBALH, CH 2 Cl 2 , -78 °C, 2 h; 69%.iv) 32, i-PrMgCl, THF, -78 °C → rt, 5 h; 58%.v) CDCl 3 , rt, 5 d; quant.Scheme 6 Synthesis of a 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole with an alkynylated imidazole-substituent in position 4.
Investigating chemopotentiation by low-dose fractionated radiation therapy for disseminated intra-abdominal gastric cancer. (2021)

242 Background: Treatment options are rather limited for gastrointestinal cancer patients whose disease has disseminated into the intra-abdominal cavity. There is currently no modality that has been shown to prolong survival of this patient sub-population. Here, we designed pre-clinical studies to evaluate the potential application of chemopotentiation by Low Dose Fractionated Radiation Therapy (LDFRT) for disseminated gastric cancer and evaluate the role of a likely biomarker, the Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) enzyme. Methods: Nude mice were injected orthotopically with human gastric cancer cells expressing endogenous or lower levels of DUOX2 and randomly assigned to four treatment groups: 1; vehicle alone, 2; chemotherapy consisting of a modified regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5’-fluorouracil (mDCF) for three consecutive days, 3; Low Dose- Whole Abdomen Radiation Therapy (LD-WART) (5 fractions of 15 cGy in three days), 4; mDCF and LD-WART. Blood was harvested at day 14 and 45 and cancer progression was evaluated by fluorescence imaging (Xenogen). Results: The combined regimen was well tolerated in all animals and led to DUOX2 upregulation, increased serum protein oxidation and reduced cancer progression in the DUOX2 positive tumors. Tumors expressing lower DUOX2 levels were more sensitive to chemotherapy but no additional benefit was obtained with LD-WART. The potential clinical significance of these findings is exemplified by a tumor microarray demonstrating that only about 46% of human gastric tumors expressed DUOX2. The molecular mechanisms underlying DUOX2 effects in response to the combined regimen include NF-kB upregulation and VEGF down regulation. Moreover, the combined regimen of mDCF and LDFRT was also effective on a Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-Like subpopulation of mouse gastric cancer cells. Conclusions: Taken together these data suggest that DUOX2 could be used as a potential biomarker for patient stratification for chemopotentiation by LD-WART for positive tumors while chemotherapy alone would be more effective for DUOX2 negative tumors. The absence of added toxicity suggests that these cycles could be repeated.
Identification of minor effect QTLs for plant architecture related traits using super high density genotyping and large recombinant inbred population in maize (Zea mays) (2018)

We demonstrated a method for high resolution mapping of minor effect QTLs in maize, and the resulted comprehensive QTLs for PATs are valuable for maize molecular breeding in the future.
A30 The role of huntingtin in human myeloid cells (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> While the central nervous system is considered to be the primary site of Huntington’s disease pathology, the systemic innate immune system may be a modifier of disease progression. Myeloid cells from Huntington’s disease patients exhibit numerous functional abnormalities, and use of RNA deep-sequencing to perform whole transcriptome analysis of primary cultures demonstrates significant transcriptional differences in Huntington’s disease monocytes in their basal, unstimulated state. Human Huntington’s disease monocytes are intrinsically abnormal and transcriptional dysregulation is a key mechanism underlying innate immune dysfunction in Huntington’s disease. This hyper-excitable phenotype of Huntington’s disease myeloid cells is corrected upon HTT lowering, but of further note HTT lowering in monocytes from unaffected, non-gene carriers results in a similar reduction in inflammatory cytokine production levels to that seen in Huntington’s disease ones, suggesting a role for wild-type HTT in myeloid cell function. <h3>Aim</h3> To investigate the mechanisms of altered transcriptional regulation that are associated with HD myeloid cell hyper-reactivity, and the role of wild-type HTT in normal myeloid cell responses <h3>Methods</h3> RNA-sequencing was performed for whole transcriptome analysis of primary monocytes isolated from HD patients and control subjects cultured with and without a proinflammatory stimulus. ChIP-seq was undertaken to identify changes in histone modifications or transcription factor binding that are associated with altered transcription. Glucan particle-mediated delivery of anti-HTT siRNA was used to investigate the effects of HTT lowering on a range of myeloid cell phenotypes. <h3>Results</h3> That Huntington’s disease myeloid cells have a proinflammatory phenotype in the absence of stimulation is consistent with a priming effect of mutant huntingtin, whereby basal dysfunction leads to an exaggerated inflammatory response when a stimulus is encountered. The molecular mechanisms underpinning these changes may be associated with effects of mHTT on specific histone modifications and transcription factors to increase the expression of particular genes associated with inflammation. The effects of the disease-associated form of HTT on myeloid cells may be an extension of a normal role of the wild-type form in these cells. The observation that HTT lowering reduces inflammatory cytokine production from control myeloid cells has now been confirmed in additional healthy, non-HD cohorts. Together with effects on other aspects of myeloid cell function, this confirms a novel role for wild-type HTT in immune system function under resting conditions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A novel role for wild-type HTT in immune system function exists under resting conditions. Further research is demonstrating the underlying characteristic of this newly discovered role for HTT and how it may be changed in the disease state to cause a hyper-reactive phenotype. <h3>Support</h3> Medical Research Council, Rosetrees Trust, Brain Research Trust
Dimensions of Popularity (2014)

Popularity is a broad concept that can help explain valuation and the permanent market premiums (for example, the equity risk premium, size, value, liquidity, and so on). Liquidity is popular, whereas risk is unpopular. The authors explain how popularity can also help explain temporary mispricing (for example, stocks that the market gets overly excited about). In general, the less popular a security, the lower the valuation but the higher the expected return. <bold>TOPICS:</bold> <ext-link>Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses</ext-link>, <ext-link>factor-based models</ext-link>, <ext-link>in markets</ext-link>
Connecting trapped civilians to a wireless ad hoc network of emergency response robots (2008)

During a disaster, communications are usually impaired. In order for the rescuers and endangered civilians to communicate, we suggest the use of mobile robots that can act as wireless routers. We describe how they can locate trapped civilians and initiate an ad hoc network connection between them and the rescuers, so that the latter can better assess the situation and plan the rescue operation accordingly. The novel problem that arises is the optimal allocation of these robots so that they connect as many civilians as possible, while maintaining their multi-hop connection with a static wireless sink that represents the group of rescuers. We present a centralised formulation, which stems from a combination of characteristics typically found in assignment and network flow optimisation problems. We consider both exact locations for the civilians and uncertain locations with a probabilistic representation. We also present a distributed heuristic with which the robots start from the location of the sink and move autonomously trying to connect the civilians while maintaining connectivity. We evaluate our distributed heuristics in a building evacuation simulator and compare them with the centralised approach.
Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in the Russian Federation (2012)

Results from this study indicated a disparity in the practice of infection control and safety procedures requiring formulation of nationwide dental safety standards. Further, there is a need in implementation of a standardized dental safety curriculum for dental schools and continuing dental education requirements in dental safety for practicing dentists in the Russian Federation.
Evaluation of Surface‐NMR Spin Echo Measurements of T 2 (2011)

In order to improve estimation of hydrogeologic properties from NMR relaxation measurements, we must improve our ability to measure the NMR relaxation parameters that are most directly sensitive to the underlying properties of interest. While standard surface‐NMR measurements of the free induction decay can yield accurate estimates of the relaxation time parameter T2*, it has been shown that this parameter exhibits limited sensitivity to pore‐size and permeability. In this study, we evaluate a modified surface‐NMR acquisition scheme that uses spin echo measurements to estimate the more robust and readily utilizable relaxation parameter T2. We present a series of field experiments from the Central United States in which we have used surface‐NMR to measure spin echo signals and estimate T2 with variable echo times ranging from 100 ms to 400 ms. NMR logging measurements in a nearby borehole provide a unique opportunity to compare the T2‐values estimated by surface‐NMR to ground‐truth T2‐values determined from the logging data. We find very close agreement between these two forms of measurement; we note, however, that we cannot detect spin echo signals from depth intervals where T2 is much shorter than the shortest echo time (100ms). Comparing the surface‐NMR measurements of T2 to measurements of T2* acquired at the same time, we find that T2 is generally much longer than T2*. We explain the observed differences between these relaxation parameters by considering the effects of inhomogeneity in the background magnetic field. We find that T2 exhibits greater variation and sensitivity to pore size than T2* in coarse‐grained materials; however, T2* provides greater sensitivity in fine‐grained materials where no echo signal is detected. Given these distinct advantages of the T2 and T2* measurement, we propose a general framework for using both of these measurement types to enable more detailed characterization of groundwater aquifers.
Study design and statistical analysis of toxicokinetics: A report of JPMA investigation of case studies. (1996)

In 1994, the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA) conducted a questionnaire survey on case studies of toxicokinetics which were recently conducted its member companies. The present paper summarizes study designs and results of data analysis of 102 cases of repeated oral dose toxicity studies with dogs, monkeys, rats or mice. The statistical analysis of toxicokinetic data introduced in this paper, e.g. log-transformation of concentration data, analysis of variance and regression analysis, may be useful in clarifying the comprehensive effects of test doses, duration of repeated dosing, and sex of test animal on the systemic exposure. Suggestions are made on how experimental design can aid the efficient conduct of toxicokinetic studies in the face of limits on the number of animals.
Cyclic HIV Protease Inhibitors:  Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable, Pyrazole P2/P2‘ Cyclic Ureas with Improved Potency (1998)

Highly potent HIV-1 protease (HIVPR) inhibitors have been designed and synthesized by introducing bidentate hydrogen-bonding oxime and pyrazole groups at the meta-position of the phenyl ring on the P2/P2' substituents of cyclic ureas. Nonsymmetrical cyclic ureas incorporating 3(1H)-pyrazolylbenzyl as P2 and hydrophilic functionalities as P2' show potent protease inhibition and antiviral activities against HIV and have good oral bioavailabilities. The X-ray structure of HIVPR.10A complex confirms that the two pyrazole rings of 10A form bidentate hydrogen bonds with the side-chain oxygen (C=O) and backbone nitrogen (N-H) of Asp30/30' of HIVPR.
Electrical machine optimization using a kriging predictor (2014)

This paper presents an optimization on a surface response created by kriging. It focuses on the predictor creation, its refinement and on the advantage of such a method over a direct optimization. In order to reduce the number of evaluations needed to construct the predictor, an adaptive method for the trial site selection is introduced as an improvement for the Latin Hypercubic Sample (LHS) algorithm. The method is applied to the optimization of a flux switching synchronous machine and the results are illustrated for two and four parameters.
Tailoring of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composite-Metal Bonded Joints (2021)

Metallic substrates and polymer adhesive in composite-metal joints have a relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, which is a barrier in the growing market of electric vehicles and their battery structures. It is reported that adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the adhesive reduces the CTE of the CNT-enhanced polymer adhesive multi-material system, and therefore when used in adhesively bonded joints it would, theoretically, result in low CTE mismatch in the joint system. The current article presents the influence of two specific mass ratios of CNTs on the CTE of the enhanced polymer. It was observed that the addition of 1.0 wt% and 2.68 wt% of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) decreased the CTE of the polymer adhesive from 7.5×10-5 °C-1 (pristine level) to 5.87×10-5 °C-1 and 4.43×10-5 °C-1, respectively, by 22% and 41% reductions.
Capacitive vertical silicon bulk acoustic resonator (2007)

Disclosed are high frequency, vertical silicon bulk acoustic resonators. Resonator structures having a relatively large transduction areas fabricated using a HARPSS fabrication process provide for high frequency capacitive resonators with significantly low impedance values. Impedance values as low as a few kilo-Ohms to sub-kilo-Ohm and quality factors in the range of 20,000 to 90,000 in the VHF range have been achieved for a first thickness mode of fabricated vertical silicon bulk acoustic resonators. Resonant frequencies as high as 983 MHz have been demonstrated for higher third thickness modes of the vertical silicon bulk acoustic resonators.