gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Getting the truth into workplace surveys. (2002)

There's no doubt that companies can benefit from workplace surveys and questionnaires. Good surveys accurately home in on the problems the company wants information about. They are designed so that as many people as possible actually respond. And good survey design ensures that the spectrum of responses is unbiased. In this article, the author, a former research scientist at the University of Michigan and currently the president of a survey design firm, explores some glaring failures of survey design and provides 16 guidelines to improve workplace assessment tools. Applied judiciously, these rules will not only make a tangible difference in the quality and usefulness of the data obtained but will also produce an increased response rate. The guidelines--and the problems they address--fall into five areas: content, format, language, measurement, and administration. Here are a few examples: Survey questions should require people to assess observable behavior rather than make inferences; each section should contain a similar number of items and each item should have a similar number of words; words with strong associations to gender, race, or ethnicity should be avoided; the wording in one-third of the questions should be changed so that the desirable answer is a negative one; and response scales should provide a "don't know" or "not applicable" option. Following the guidelines in this article will help you get unbiased, representative, and useful information from your workplace survey.
Outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of high‐risk urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT‐UC) (2011)

Adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy did not offer any significant benefit to overall survival in our population. Additional data were necessary, and studies enrolling patients at high risk in clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy should have been highly encouraged.
Pentoxifylline: a potent inhibitor of IL-2 and IFN-gamma biosynthesis and BCG-induced cytotoxicity. (1993)

In the present study we investigated the influence of pentoxifylline (POF) on bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)- and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA synthesis and cytokine release, and BCG-induced cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). DNA synthesis of PBMC stimulated with either BCG or PHA was inhibited by POF. We also demonstrated that the addition of POF led to a POF dose-dependent decrease of the release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The release of IL-6 remained unaffected. With respect to the inhibition of BCG-induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma release POF is active at the transcriptional (mRNA) level, as found by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, PHA-induced mRNA expression of these lymphokines is not affected by POF. Thus, the existence of a post-transcriptional regulation of PHA-induced cytokine release by POF can be assumed. The observed inhibition of cytokine release is correlated with a potent inhibitory effect of POF on BCG-induced cytotoxicity against bladder tumour cell lines. This effect is reversible.
Primary structure of the hyaluronic acid-binding region of porcine laryngeal cartilage proteoglycan (1990)

Conference Article| April 01 1990 Primary structure of the hyaluronic acid-binding region of porcine laryngeal cartilage proteoglycan MARGARET HARRIS; MARGARET HARRIS 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BERNADETTE KENNEALLY; BERNADETTE KENNEALLY 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar FRANK BARRY FRANK BARRY 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (2): 299. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180299 Article history Received: September 18 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MARGARET HARRIS, BERNADETTE KENNEALLY, FRANK BARRY; Primary structure of the hyaluronic acid-binding region of porcine laryngeal cartilage proteoglycan. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1990; 18 (2): 299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180299 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: HABR, hyaluronic acid-binding region This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Multiple dimensional analysis of arterial blood gas and pulmonary function in patients with COPD (2012)

Introduction: Blood gas analysis is very important and often used to evaluate the hypoxemia and hypercapnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but little attention has been given to the relationship among blood gas analysis, pulmonary function, body composition and symptoms. Objectives: To identify the predictor of dyspnea, hypoxemia, hypercapnea in COPD patients, we investigated COPD patients cross-sectionally on multidimensional aspects. Methods: A total of 369 Japanese COPD patients (334 male), age 71 (64-76), with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years underwent comprehensive measurements, including medical examination, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests, and modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale. Patients with long term oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation were excluded. Possible predictors of MMRC, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 were analyzed with both univariate and multiple regression methods. Results: All of PaO 2 , PaCO 2 , and MMRC associated significantly with age, various pulmonary function, and / or BMI. In addition, multiple regression analysis with stepwise manner revealed that PaO 2 was able to be explained by %FEV 1 , %Kco, BMI and age (R 2 =0.20, p 2 =0.15, p 1 , %Kco, %VC, %IC, age and PaO 2 (R 2 )=0.14, p 1 , %Kco and age were important to dyspnea and the estimation of blood gas analysis in COPD patients.
Introduction to the Special Section on the 2019 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) (2019)

It has been an annual tradition ever since the start of the IEEE journal of solid-state circuits (JSSC) in 1966 to publish extended manuscripts of a selected set of articles presented at the annual International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). In this November issue, you will find selected articles from the Imagers, Medical, MEMS, and Displays (IMMD) and the Technology Directions (TD) sessions. Most of the bio-related articles are covered in these topics. Next month, the sessions of Analog, Power Management, Data Converters, RF, and Wireless will be covered, and in January, you will find the selected articles from the Wireline, Digital Circuits, Digital Architectures and Systems, and Memory subcommittees.
Activated forms of astrocytes with higher GLT-1 expression are associated with cognitive normal subjects with Alzheimer pathology in human brain (2018)

Although the cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be caused by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), several postmortem studies have reported cognitive normal subjects with AD brain pathology. As the mechanism underlying these discrepancies has not been clarified, we focused the neuroprotective role of astrocytes. After examining 47 donated brains, we classified brains into 3 groups, no AD pathology with no dementia (N-N), AD pathology with no dementia (AD-N), and AD pathology with dementia (AD-D), which represented 41%, 21%, and 38% of brains, respectively. No differences were found in the accumulation of Aβ plaques or NFTs in the entorhinal cortex (EC) between AD-N and AD-D. Number of neurons and synaptic density were increased in AD-N compared to those in AD-D. The astrocytes in AD-N possessed longer or thicker processes, while those in AD-D possessed shorter or thinner processes in layer I/II of the EC. Astrocytes in all layers of the EC in AD-N showed enhanced GLT-1 expression in comparison to those in AD-D. Therefore these activated forms of astrocytes with increased GLT-1 expression may exert beneficial roles in preserving cognitive function, even in the presence of Aβ and NFTs.
Stability of Switched Linear Hyperbolic Systems by Lyapunov Techniques (2014)

Switched linear hyperbolic partial differential equations are considered in this technical note. They model infinite dimensional systems of conservation laws and balance laws, which are potentially affected by a distributed source or sink term. The dynamics and the boundary conditions are subject to abrupt changes given by a switching signal, modeled as a piecewise constant function and possibly a dwell time. By means of Lyapunov techniques some sufficient conditions are obtained for the exponential stability of the switching system, uniformly for all switching signals. Different cases are considered with or without a dwell time assumption on the switching signals, and on the number of positive characteristic velocities (which may also depend on the switching signal). Some numerical simulations are also given to illustrate some main results, and to motivate this study.
Increased Energy Loss Due to Twist and Offset Buckling of the Total Cavopulmonary Connection (2017)

The hemodynamic energy loss through the surgically implanted conduits determines the postoperative cardiac output and exercise capacity following the palliative repair of single-ventricle congenital heart defects. In this study, the hemodynamics of severely deformed surgical pathways due to torsional deformation and anastomosis offset are investigated. We designed a mock-up total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) circuit to replicate the mechanically failed inferior vena cava (IVC) anastomosis morphologies under physiological venous pressure (9, 12, 15 mmHg), in vitro, employing the commonly used conduit materials: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Dacron, and porcine pericardium. The sensitivity of hemodynamic performance to torsional deformation for three different twist angles (0 deg, 30 deg, and 60 deg) and three different caval offsets (0 diameter (D), 0.5D, and 1D) are digitized in three dimensions and employed in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to determine the corresponding hydrodynamic efficiency levels. A total of 81 deformed conduit configurations are analyzed; the pressure drop values increased from 80 to 1070% with respect to the ideal uniform diameter IVC conduit flow. The investigated surgical materials resulted in significant variations in terms of flow separation and energy loss. For example, the porcine pericardium resulted in a pressure drop that was eight times greater than the Dacron conduit. Likewise, PTFE conduit resulted in a pressure drop that was three times greater than the Dacron conduit under the same venous pressure loading. If anastomosis twist and/or caval offset cannot be avoided intraoperatively due to the anatomy of the patient, alternative conduit materials with high structural stiffness and less influence on hemodynamics can be considered.
Plasmo-thermomechanical suspended nanowire array detectors for mid-infrared spectrum (2017)

We propose a plasmo-thermomechanical mid-infrared detector operating at 4.3 &mu;m wavelength. The design utilizes an array of the bimetallic fishbone nanowires that are suspended 50 nm above a 1.5 &mu;m &times; 0.3 &mu;m silicon nitride waveguide to create a leaky wave radiation. Moreover, the thermo-mechanically actuated nanowire will induce evanescent wave modulation that can be detected by the leaky wave or transmitted power of the waveguide. The antenna has a strip length of 1.77 &mu;m and can yield an absorption coefficient of 42.4% with a period of 3.1 &mu;m. Six unit cells are connected by a nanowire, and the fishbone-like nanowires are clamped at the two ends, leaving the center free to bend. The mid-infrared energy is absorbed by the resonant metallic antennas, resulting in a temperature increment. The mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the bimetallic materials, gold and nickel, actuates the nanowire, and thus changes the gap between the nanowire and the waveguide. The deformation of the nanowire modulates the waveguide evanescent field, and hence alternates the transmitted power as well as the leak wave power. With a normal incident power of 4 &mu;W/&mu;m<sup>2</sup> , the temperature in the center of the nanobridge can be increased over 135 K above the ambient temperature, leading to an elevation of 23.5 nm in the center and thus weakening the evanescent modulation strength. The difference of S<sub>21</sub> caused by the gap change is 0.106. This methodology can be applied in other spectrums and the fabrication progress will be reported later.
EVIDENCE FOR A POSSIBLE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (BLA) IN CATTLE (1978)

SUMMARY Lymphocytotoxic sera have been produced in forty‐seven cattle following skin grafting or lymphocyte immunization between dam‐offspring pairs. From these sera seventy antilymphocyte reagents have been produced. Seven of the sera were operationally monospecific without absorption, thirty‐seven others were made operationally monospecific and twenty‐six partially purified by absorption with lymphocytes. Thirty‐five of these sera were used in France and an additional thirty‐five were used in Scotland. The inheritance of the antigenic factors detected by these sera has been studied in 480 cattle families and the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that at least seventeen of the factors are inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. Fourteen of these factors show evidence of linkage with at least one other factor and are likely to be controlled by a limited number of closely linked loci. It is suggested that these loci should be identified as the BLA region.
Proton‐Coupled Redox Chemistry, Oxidative Reactivity, and Electronic Characterization of Aqua‐, Hydroxo‐, and Oxo‐Triruthenium Clusters (2006)

Abstract The pH‐dependent electronic and electrochemical properties of a series of triangular μ 3 ‐oxo‐centered trinuclear clusters of the type [Ru 3 O(Ac) 6 (py) 2 (OH x )] n (Ac = acetate; py = pyridine; x = 0, 1, or 2; where the formal oxidation states on the metal ions range from +II to +IV) have been investigated with emphasis on the elucidation of the successive proton‐coupled redox processes spanning the interconvertible aqua‐ ( x = 2), hydroxo‐ ( x = 1), and oxo‐ ( x = 0) forms, from which the complete Pourbaix diagram has been proposed. From the spontaneous slow coupling reaction of the monomeric cluster in its deprotonated (oxo) form at high pH, the μ‐oxo‐bridged cluster dimer (i.e. {(py) 2 (Ac) 6 ORu 3 }‐O‐{Ru 3 O(Ac) 6 (py) 2 }) has been isolated and fully characterized by spectroelectrochemistry as well. A further understanding of the underlying electronic interactions across the various oxidation and protonation states, and the role of such phenomena in the activation of the Ru–O bonding system in oxygen‐transfer catalysis, have also been explored. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Enabling Spectrum Sharing via Spectrum Consumption Models (2015)

Spectrum consumption models attempt to capture spectral, spatial, and temporal consumption of spectrum of any specific RF transmitter, receiver, system, or collection of systems. The information contained in the models enables better spectrum management practices and allows for the identification of spectrum reuse opportunities. The characteristics and structure of spectrum consumption models (SCMs) are being standardized within the IEEE DySPAN-SC P1900.5.2 group. This paper presents and discusses how SCMs can be used to enable spectrum sharing and new spectrum management interactions. We describe the ongoing efforts to standardize SCMs to ensure that they can: 1) effectively capture the boundaries of spectrum use in all of its dimensions by devices and systems of devices and 2) provide a stable definition on how to arbitrate the compatibility of SCMs. By achieving these objectives, SCMs will enable innovation in spectrum sharing and in the development of dynamic spectrum access systems.
Medicine and books: General Practice Under the National Health Service, 1948-1997 (1998)

Irvine Loudon, John Horder 

Oxford University Press, £45, pp 329 

ISBN 0 198206 755 

The path travelled by general practice since 1948 is dotted with milestones: the foundation of the (Royal) College of General Practitioners (1952), the creation of the first Chair of General Practice in Edinburgh (1963), the Family Doctors’ Charter (1966), mandatory vocational training (1975), etc. Along the way, the service has been almost totally transformed. The professionally isolated, single handed general practitioner of the early years has evolved into the multipartner practice. The inadequate premises, facilities, and support staff that Collings described in 1950 have given way to the purpose built health centre and the multidisciplinary primary care team. Other indications of the increasing maturity of general practice as a clinical discipline are also evident. In both teaching and research it has asserted its right to equal status with hospital based specialties. Finally, after 50 years of waiting in the wings, the ugly duckling of national health policy has taken centre stage. 

These are just some of the events and themes that are recalled and analysed in this book. It is the third volume in a series that tells the story of general practice from 1750 to the present. It is destined (rightly) to become a standard reference for the history of general practice in the NHS, and it should be read by anyone wishing to understand how general practice has become what it is. The list of contributors reads like a Who’s Who of 50 years of general practice research; their lives are often intimately bound up with the developments that they recount. This intertwining of autobiography and history not only mirrors one of the core features of general practice itself but also adds immeasurably to the pleasure of reading these accounts. 

The book also faithfully reflects two other characteristics of contemporary general practice—its ambivalence towards the concept of primary care and its suspicion of closer incorporation into the NHS. The relation between general practice and primary care is largely unexplored; indeed, the two terms are generally treated as interchangeable. Bevan once described the NHS as “a great collective experiment ... through the agency of a profession which abounds in individualism.” Undoubtedly he was referring to the medical profession generally, but he might have had general practitioners and their wish to retain their independent contractor status specifically in mind. They now face a further round of collectivisation in the shape of primary care groups. It will be fascinating to observe how these reluctant collectivists of the NHS fare over the next half century.
Conversion of Multichannel Sound Signal Maintaining Physical Properties of Sound in Reproduced Sound Field (2010)

In this paper, we describe a new method for converting the signal of the original multichannel sound system into that of an alternative system with a different number of channels while maintaining the physical properties of sound at the listening point in the reproduced sound field. Such a conversion problem can be described by the underdetermined linear equation. To obtain an analytical solution to the equation, the method partitions the sound field of the alternative system on the basis of the positions of three loudspeakers and solves the “local solution” in each subfield. As a result, the alternative system localizes each channel signal of the original sound system at the corresponding loudspeaker position as a phantom source. The composition of the local solutions introduces the “global solution,” that is, the analytical solution to the conversion problem. 22-channel signals of a 22.2 multichannel sound system without the two low-frequency effect channels were converted into 10-, 8-, and 6-channel signals by the method. Subjective evaluations showed that the proposed method could reproduce the spatial impression of the original 22-channel sound with eight loudspeakers.
Tuning nonlinear optical absorption properties of WS2 nanosheets (2015)

To control the optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials is a long-standing goal, being of both fundamental and technological significance. Tuning nonlinear optical absorption (NOA) properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in a cost effective way has emerged as an important research topic because of its possibility to custom design NOA properties, implying enormous applications including optical computers, communications, bioimaging, and so on. In this study, WS2 with different size and thickness distributions was fabricated. The results demonstrate that both NOA onset threshold, F(ON), and optical limiting threshold, F(OL), of WS2 under the excitation of a nanosecond pulsed laser can be tuned over a wide range by controlling its size and thickness. The F(ON) and F(OL) show a rapid decline with the decrease of size and thickness. Due to the edge and quantum confinement effect, WS2 quantum dots (2.35 nm) exhibit the lowest F(ON) (0.01 J cm(-2)) and F(OL) (0.062 J cm(-2)) among all the samples, which are comparable to the lowest threshold achieved in graphene based materials, showing great potential as NOA materials with tunable properties.
Improvement of IGC resistance of SUS 304 stainless steel by laser surface melting based on grain boundary engineering (2005)

LSM and annealing heat treatment on 304 stainless steel resulted in microstructures with high frequency of low ∑ CSL boundaries defined by the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model, especially, twin boundaries (∑3). The maximum frequency of the low Σ CSL boundaries could be 88.6% under optimal processing conditions: 947°C and 28h. The high fraction of the low-∑ CSL boundaries led to a high corrosion resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Neutrophil Function And Oral Disease (1990)

The pathological sequela of reduced neutrophil function in the oral cavity and the mechanisms behind dysfunction have added to our understanding of infectious diseases. Numerous examples have been given, and the overriding conclusion must be that any impairment of neutrophil function will lead to some degree of increased susceptibility to infection. Perhaps the tissue most sensitive to pathological changes in the oral cavity is the periodontium. In cases of severe neutrophil dysfunction, there is severe periodontal breakdown, but also in cases of "mild" neutrophil dysfunction, where there is no other infection, such as in individuals with LJP, there is severe periodontal breakdown. The molecular basis of neutrophil dysfunction is beginning to be understood in individuals with LJP, LAD, CGD, and AIDS. It is our hope that further research in this area will help to delineate the pathogenesis of these and other oral diseases.