gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of fundamental frequency in simulated electric-acoustic hearing (2007)

Individuals with residual hearing restricted to low frequencies are candidates for electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). When low-frequency acoustic information is added to either real or simulated high-frequency electric stimulation, speech recognition often improves dramatically. This may reflect the availability of fundamental frequency (f0) information in the acoustic region. We tested this directly. In particular, we examined the relative contributions of f0 and the amplitude envelope of speech by replacing the low-frequency speech with a tone that was modulated either in frequency to track the f0 of the speech, in amplitude with the extracted envelope of the low-frequency speech, or both. A female talker was combined with various backgrounds and processed with a four-channel vocoder to simulate electric hearing. Across all backgrounds, intelligibility improved significantly when a tone tracking f0 was added to vocoder stimulation and further still when both f0 and amplitude envelope cues were applied. These results confirm the importance of f0 information (at least under simulated EAS) and indicate that significant information can be provided by a tone that tracks f0 or f0 and amplitude envelope cues. [Work supported in part by NIH.]
Optical-to-Orion (O2O) ground terminal (GT) at Table Mountain Facility (TMF) (2023)

NASA is planning a bi-directional space-to-ground optical-communications detailed test object ive (DTO), from the crewed Orion spacecraft scheduled to fly on Artemis II. A space terminal element (STE) developed by MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is planned for flight on -board the Orion spacecraft. NASA GSFC will implement an Optical-to-Orion ground segment (O2O GS). One of the ground terminals (GT) servicing the O2O GS is planned at the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) located at JPL’s Table Mountain Facility, near Wrightwood, CA, while the other GT will be co-located with the O2O GS at the White Sands Complex (WSC), New Mexico. A functional description and development status of O2OGT TMF is pres ented in this paper. It is designed to support high photon efficiency (HPE) uplink and downlink signaling. The instrumentation of the O2OGT TMF will include (i) an optical assembly (OA) for interfacing laser signals to and from the OCTL telescope (ii) a beacon laser assembly (BLA) for transmitting modulated beacon lasers; (iii) an uplink laser assembly (ULA) for transmitting 10-20 Mb/s data to the STE (iv) a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) array for detecting the communications downlink (v) a ground signal processing assembly (GSPA) for processing the detected signal and extracting downlinked information codewords, as well as, measuring time of flight range and range rate (vi) a monitor and control (M&C) assembly for gathering and exchanging GT telemetry and (vii) a user gateway (UG) computer for interfacing user data to and from the O2O GS. Existing atmospheric channel monitor (ACM) at TMF will be used to gather and store weather and atmospheric data. The downlink will be received at discrete data-rates between 20 Mb/s and 260 Mb/s.
High voltage SiC super-cascode power switch parameter optimization for loss reduction (2018)

A method for voltage balancing capacitor selection of high voltage silicon carbide (SiC) Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor (JEFTs) based super-cascode power switch (SCPS) is presented in this paper. The proposed method can effectively reduce the device switching loss as well as thermal stress on critical components caused by repetitive avalanche. The basic operation principle of SCPS is shown at the beginning of the paper with critical modes. Then, equations to describe the voltage distribution among all the SiC JEFTs have been derived. Based on the derived equations, a sizing method of the SCPS voltage balancing capacitors is proposed to accelerate the device switching speed and minimize the avalanche time of its internal diodes. Compared with no voltage balancing capacitor case, the turn-on loss of the SCPS with sized capacitors has been reduced to 9.7%. The turn-off loss has been reduced to 48.4%.
A facile building-block synthesis of multifunctional lanthanide MOFs (2011)

We report a building blocks approach providing a direct route to multifunctional MOFs, that display photoluminescent properties, robustness, porosity and in some cases unique magnetic properties. The self-assembly of [Mo(CN)8]4− with several in situ prepared lanthanide building blocks gives 3D robust porous networks with open channels. This approach solves the coordination problem, allowing exact placement of the lanthanide ions within the structure. Our MOFs feature good thermal stability and permanent porosity thanks to the strong carboxylate and cyanide linkages. The fact that we have both nitrogen-containing ligand and a π-system means that these MOFs can be excited using low-energy photons. Efficient visible emission was observed for MOFs containing Eu(III) and Tb(III). Surprisingly, the Tb-MOF shows ferromagnetic behavior, proving that the magnetic interaction between Tb(III) ions is strong enough to compensate the ligand field effects.
Discrete Speech as a Mode for Human-to-Machine Communication (1985)

.4 voice interactive natural language system, which allows users to solve problems with spoken English commands, has been constructed. The system utilizes a commercially available discrete speech recognizer which requires that each word be followed by approximately a 300 millisecond pause. In a test of the system, subjects were able to learn its use after about two hours of training. The system correctly processed about 77 percent of the over 6000 input sentences spoken in problem-solving sessions. Subjects spoke at the rate of about three sentences per minute and were able to effectively use the system to complete the given tasks. Subjects found the system relatively easy to learn and use, and gave a generally positive report of their experience.
Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and coronary artery bypass. Pathology, clinical correlates, and operative management. (1991)

Analysis of 1735 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from January 1981 through December 1988 revealed 152 (8.8%) patients with mild (4.5%), moderate (2.2%), or severe (2.0%) atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta. Three distinct pathologic patterns were found. The prevalence of stroke in patients with the severe type of aortic disease prompted development of a new operative technique that has been used in 16 patients. It involves a "no-touch" technique of the ascending aorta whereupon the proximal saphenous vein anastomoses are performed end to side to internal mammary artery grafts. Ages ranged from 49 to 80 years (mean 68.9). The 16 patients had 62 distal artery and vein anastomoses and 26 proximal saphenous vein-internal mammary end-to-side anastomoses. Internal mammary artery free flows ranged from 130 to 420 ml/min. Two hospital deaths were unrelated to the technique. There have been no strokes or recurrences of angina. An inordinately high incidence of main left coronary disease (50%), significant carotid disease (79%), and abdominal aortic occlusive or aneurysm disease (93%) was discovered. Ascending aortic atherosclerosis must be suspected in all coronary bypass patients with associated significant carotid, abdominal aortic, and main left coronary artery disease, aortic wall irregularity on ascending aortic angiography, adhesions between the ascending aorta and its adventitia, pale appearance of the ascending aorta, and minimal bleeding of an aortic cannulation stab wound. A "no-touch" technique that avoids any manipulation of the ascending aorta and that uses the internal mammary arteries as the sole source of blood supply for coronary bypass is an effective method to prevent aortic clamp injury, "trash heart," or stroke from severe ascending aortic disease. Preoperative angiographic visualization of the ascending aorta of all patients undergoing coronary artery bypass is mandatory.
Turning date palm fronds into biocompatible mesoporous fluorescent carbon dots (2018)

Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of mesoporous carbon dots (Cdot) from date palm fronds and their excellent excitation wavelength-independent photoluminescence (PL), with high photo- and storage-stability, superior biocompatibility and thermal and electrical conductivity for the first-time by a simple, green, one-step carbonization method. Interestingly, the as-obtained Cdot manifest the spherical shape of about 50 nm average diameter having surface mesopores of size less than 10 nm with sp<sup>2</sup> hybridized carbon. The as-synthesised mesoporous Cdot, first of its kind, evince yellow-green PL (preferred over blue PL for biological applications) around 450 nm under excitation wavelength range of 320-420 nm with absolute quantum yield of 33.7% exhibiting high photo- and storage-stability. The thermal and electrical conductivity of Cdot/water nanofluids without any surfactants is illustrated. Application of Cdot as interfacial material in organic photovoltaic cell is manifested. The Cdot exhib visible sunlight driven photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Mesoporous Cdot further reveal excellent biocompatibility with fibroblast cell (greater than 95% viability). The novelty of this study in the formation of multifunctional mesoporous Cdot from date palm fronds could inspire both research and industrial interests in the synthesis of biomass-derived Cdot and their application in a wide array of fields.
The Effect of Repeated Administration of Cyclophosphamide on Cytochrome P450 2B in Rats (2007)

Up-regulation of CYP2B mRNA, with a concomitant increase in protein expression and activity, were observed after repeated administration of low doses of CPA compared with that found using higher doses, possibly due to toxicity counteracting induction. These results may help in designing more effective dosing schedules for CPA.
Current Status of High-k and Metal Gates in CMOS (2012)

Abstract not Available.
[Action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation]. (1986)

The influence of non-steroidal antiphlogistics (NSA, fluor derivatives of phenylanthranilic acid) on fibrinolysis, platelet function, prostaglandin metabolism and pharmacokinetics of indirect anticoagulants was studied in rats and rabbits in vitro and in vivo. NSA were found to shorten the euglobulin lysis time and to enlarge the lysis zones on fibrin plates. They potentiated the fibrinolytic activity of streptokinase and trypsin. Furthermore, they inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid in rabbits. NSA in combination with inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase potentiated inhibition of aggregation. After oral administration, NSA inhibited formation of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. At comparatively low doses, thromboxane A2 synthesis was more effectively inhibited than prostacyclin formation. Due to pharmacokinetic interactions NSA enhanced the anticoagulant effect of indirect anticoagulants and accelerated their distribution and elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexation in Ionic Liquids (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Contributions to the Finite Element Solution of the Fan Noise Radiation Problem (1985)

The radiation of fan generated noise to the far field from a nacelle of realistic geometry is investigated using the finite element method. Several innovations have been introduced to minimize the computational requirements and create a highly efficient numerical scheme. The innovations include: (1) formulation of the problem in terms of velocity potential and density in such a way that no inlet mean flow velocity derivatives are required in the field equations, (2) the use of “wave envelope” elements in an outer region permitting a grid much coarser than would be used for conventional finite elements, (3) the use of a mesh which deforms with an increase of forward flight speed so that mesh lines are always lines of constant phase and rays for a point source, permitting the use of wave envelope elements and simple boundary conditions for any case of forward velocity, (4) an efficient scheme for introducing the noise source via modal amplitude coefficients, and (5) the use of a frontal solution technique which for physically realistic problems drastically reduces the active storage requirements. The finite element scheme is outlined, as are the specific details of the innovations. Results are given for cases where comparable experimental data are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl(hetero)arenes from Di(hetero)aryl‐λ3‐iodanes. (2016)

Abstract A regioselective trifluoromethylation of diaryliodanes by (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane is presented.
Selective Catalytic Synthesis Using the Combination of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen: Catalytic Chess at the Interface of Energy and Chemistry (2016)

The present Review highlights the challenges and opportunities when using the combination CO2 /H2 as a C1 synthon in catalytic reactions and processes. The transformations are classified according to the reduction level and the bond-forming processes, covering the value chain from high volume basic chemicals to complex molecules, including biologically active substances. Whereas some of these concepts can facilitate the transition of the energy system by harvesting renewable energy into chemical products, others provide options to reduce the environmental impact of chemical production already in today's petrochemical-based industry. Interdisciplinary fundamental research from chemists and chemical engineers can make important contributions to sustainable development at the interface of the energetic and chemical value chain. The present Review invites the reader to enjoy this exciting area of "catalytic chess" and maybe even to start playing some games in her or his laboratory.
A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing and Latest Developments in Unconventional Reservoirs (2022)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a widely accepted and applied stimulation method in the unconventional oil and gas industry. With the increasing attention to unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing technologies have developed and improved more in the last few years. This study explores all applications of hydraulic fracturing methods to a great extent. It can be used as a guideline study, covering all the procedures and collected data for conventional reservoirs by considering the limited parameters of unconventional reservoirs. This paper intends to be a reference article containing all the aspects of the hydraulic fracturing method. A comprehensive study has been created by having a wide scope of examinations from the applied mechanisms to the technological materials conveyed from the different industries to utilize this technique efficiently. Furthermore, this study analyses the method, worldwide applications, advantages and disadvantages, and comparisons in different unconventional reservoirs. Various case studies that examine the challenges and pros &amp; cons of hydraulic fracturing are included. Hydraulic fracturing is a promising stimulation technique that has been widely applied worldwide. It is challenging due to the tight and nanoporous nature, low permeability, complex geological structure, and in-situ stress field in unconventional reservoirs. Consequently, economic conditions and various parameters should be analyzed individually in each case for efficient applications. Therefore, this study provides the primary parameters and elaborate analysis of the techniques applied for a successful stimulation under SPECIFIC circumstances and provides a full spectrum of information needed for unconventional field developments. All the results are evaluated and detailed for each field case by providing the principles of applying hydraulic fracturing technologies. Many literature reviews provide different examples of hydraulic fraction methods; however, no study covers and links up both the main parameters and learnings from real cases worldwide. This study will fill this gap and illuminate the application of the hydraulic fracturing method.
High-numerical-aperture-based virtual point detectors for photoacoustic tomography (2008)

The focal point of a high-numerical-aperture (NA) ultrasonic transducer can be used as a virtual point detector. This virtual point detector detects omnidirectionally over a wide acceptance angle. It also combines a large active transducer surface and a small effective virtual detector size. Thus the sensitivity is high compared with that of a real point detector, and the aperture effect is small compared with that of a finite size transducer. We present two kinds of high-NA-based virtual point detectors and their successful application in photoacoustic tomography. They can also be applied in other ultrasound-related fields.
Heredity: A Prognostic Factor for Acne (2006)

This study confirms the importance of heredity as a prognostic factor for acne. Family history of acne is associated with earlier occurrence of acne, increased number of retentional lesions and therapeutic difficulties.
The Free Fibula Flap (2019)

The free vascularized fibula flap has become the most common microvascular flap option for long bone and mandibular reconstruction following trauma and tumor extirpation. The free fibula flap can provide up to 26 cm of straight, cortical bone and has acceptable donor site morbidity. Published series have noted high rates of reconstructive success, with primary bony union rates of up to 80% and overall union of 97% following supplemental nonvascularized bone grafting. It is a true workhorse flap and one that all reconstructive plastic surgeons need to be familiar.
Association of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism with prostate cancer risk, clinicopathological features and recurrence of prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy (2006)

To investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on susceptibility to prostate cancer and the outcome of the disease in a Taiwanese population, we genotyped a total of 416 prostate cancer patients, 502 age-matched male controls and 189 non age-matched symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although we did not find a significant association between VDR FokI genotypes and overall prostate cancer risk, we found that in men aged less than or equal to the median age of 73 years with VDR FokI F allele specifically had an increased risk of prostate cancer with a marginal significant trend (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.00-4.34, p for trend = 0.056). The FF genotype was also highly associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score 8-10) (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.20-5.08) than did the Ff and ff genotypes. After adjusting other covariates, we found that in patients who had localized prostate cancer for which a radical prostatectomy was performed (n = 131), the VDR FokI FF genotype was associated with worse prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.32-8.00, p = 0.010). Our findings suggest that the VDR FF genotype may increase the risk of early-onset prostate cancer and is associated with more aggressive disease. Furthermore, the VDR polymorphism could be used as a prognostic marker for localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
Bernard Connor (1666–1698) (1958)

Bernard Connor (1666–1698): And His Contribution to the Pathology of Ankylosing Spondylitis BARUCH S. BLUMBERG, BARUCH S. BLUMBERG *Balliol College, Oxford, England; Fellow of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JEAN L. BLUMBERG JEAN L. BLUMBERG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XIII, Issue 3, 1958, Pages 349–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XIII.3.349 Published: 01 July 1958
HYDRODYNAMICS OF FLUIDIZATION EFFECT OF PRESSURE (1986)

ABSTRACT One of the largest concerns when using fluidized beds to commercialize many chemical processes, such as gasification of coal, is scale-up. We believe this is due to the absence of an experimentally verified hydrodynamic theory that can describe the complicated transient gas and solid motion in a fluid bed. During the past few years several organizations began to develop hydrodynamic computer models that promise to be predictive in many respects. Our present computer model calculates the pressure, the void fraction and the velocities of a single size solid and of the gas. Computed time averaged porosity distributions in two dimensional beds with a Jet at atmospheric pressure agreed with our measurements without the use of any fitted parameters. Photographically determined bubble sizes compared well with the predicted sizes. Calculated gas velocity distributions also agreed with the experimental values measured at westinghouse in a semi-circular bed with a Jet. In this paper the results of our measurements of time averaged porosities in a steel bed at elevated pressures are compared to our model predictions. We also show that the computed Jet penetrations are close to those reported by IGT in their high pressure fluidized bed. Our calculations also show that the amplitudes of pressure oscillations are much smaller at elevated pressures than at atmospheric pressure. In this sense, the fluidization is smoother at high pressures. An analytical examination of the equations of change in terms of a linearized hyperbolic diffusion equation supports this observation.
Alterations in number of protofilaments in microtubules assembled in vitro. (1978)

Tubulin from bovine brain was polymerized in vitro using a variety of assembly conditions. Many of the formed microtubules were shown to contain 14 wall protofilaments. The number of microtubules containing 14 protofilaments increased with consecutive repetitions of cold-dissociation followed by reassembly in vitro.