gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional instantaneous structure of a shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (2009)

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the three-dimensional instantaneous structure of an incident shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction at Mach 2.1 using tomographic particle image velocimetry. Large-scale coherent motions within the incoming boundary layer are observed, in the form of three-dimensional streamwise-elongated regions of relatively low- and high-speed fluid, similar to what has been reported in other supersonic boundary layers. Three-dimensional vortical structures are found to be associated with the low-speed regions, in a way that can be explained by the hairpin packet model. The instantaneous reflected shock wave pattern is observed to conform to the low- and high-speed regions as they enter the interaction, and its organization may be qualitatively decomposed into streamwise translation and spanwise rippling patterns, in agreement with what has been observed in direct numerical simulations. The results are used to construct a conceptual model of the three-dimensional unsteady flow organization of the interaction.
Impact of Lymphocyte Depleting Antibody(LDA) On Rate of Acute Rejection (AR) in Patients With Delayed Graft Function (DGF). (2014)

Introduction: DGF impacts AR & graft survival in kidney transplantation (KTx). The KDIGO guideline suggest use of LDI when DGF is likely; but there is no robust data. The impact of LDI on risk of AR in patients with&without DGF was evaluated using OPTN registry. Methods: Adults receiving cadaver kidneys between 2002-11 were studied. Treated AR at 12 months post-KTx was analyzed per known risk factors (RFs) including recipient race, HLA 5/6 antigen mismatch, repeat transplant, ABOi, PRA >0%, ECD organ, cold time > 24 hours and DGF. Multivariable logistic regression model was fit to the data to evaluate whether the incidence of AR in patients with and without DGF is differentially impacted by the use of different induction strategies: No induction, Thymoglobulin(THY), alemtuzumab(C1H) and IL-2 receptor antagonists(IL2-Ra). Results: 73,984 patients were included. RFs by antibody induction are presented in Table 1. Odds of AR was significantly higher in patients who had DGF vs no DGF (Adjusted OR [aOR] =1.95; 95% CI=1.85-2.05), independent of known RFs for AR.Table: No Caption available.However, the impact of DGF was differentially affected by AI strategy (two-way interaction: p<0.001), represented graphically in Figure 1. Adjusted incidence of AR was similar in all groups of patients who had no DGF. In DGF group, AR was significantly lower in THY or C1H vs no induction (aOR=0.65; 95% CI=0.59-0.73 and aOR=0.72; 95% CI=0.60-0.85, respectively) while the incidence of AR remained similar in IL2-Ra vs no induction (aOR=1.12; 95%CI 0.99-1.26).Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion: DGF is an important risk factor for AR. The use of LDI significantly reduces the risk of AR in adult deceased donor renal transplant recipients who develop DGF. We recommend the routine use of LDI when the anticipated risk of DGF is high.
Harmful networks in the brain and beyond (2018)

Membrane tubes can connect cancer cells and drive tumor progression and resistance
Solid phase chemistry to covalently and reversibly capture thiolated RNA (2018)

Here, we describe an approach to enrich newly transcribed RNAs from primary mouse neurons using 4-thiouridine (s4U) metabolic labeling and solid phase chemistry. This one-step enrichment procedure captures s4U-RNA by using highly efficient methane thiosulfonate (MTS) chemistry in an immobilized format. Like solution-based methods, this solid-phase enrichment can distinguish mature RNAs (mRNA) with differential stability, and can be used to reveal transient RNAs such as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) and primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) from short metabolic labeling. Most importantly, the efficiency of this solid-phase chemistry made possible the first large scale measurements of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation rates in mouse cortical neurons. Thus, our approach provides the means to study regulation of RNA metabolism in specific tissue contexts as a means to better understand gene expression in vivo.
Black border with etched multilayer on EUV mask (2012)

EUV lithography is the most promising candidate for semiconductor device manufacturing of 1x nm half pitch and beyond. For the practical use, EUV mask with a thin absorber could be adopted because of less shadowing effect. EUV reflectivity from the thin absorber is about 1~3%. It would cause CD change on wafer especially at the exposure field edge due to the leakage of the EUV light from neighboring exposure shots.<sup>1</sup> To avoid this phenomenon, light shield black border is needed at the edge of pattern area on mask. Stacked absorber type and ML-etched type of light shield black border have been proposed in the past.<sup>2</sup> The most important things for these black borders are that there is no reflection of EUV light and no defect which affects pattern CD on wafer. ML-etched black border is considered to be applied for early practical use from a viewpoint of manufacturability. Because CD degradation and defect increase might happen due to 2<sup>nd</sup> litho and etch process on its main pattern area in manufacturing process of stacked absorber type. In this paper, we will show several evaluation results regarding ML-etched black border we have developed. It has a good light shield performance for EUV and low DUV light reflection. Defect inspection in black border area can be performed successfully by three kinds of inspection tools. As a result, most of the defects seemed not to be printable to wafer. We also evaluated CD change, flatness change linked to mask IP shift and particle contamination on main pattern area. What it comes down to is that there is no show-stopper for ML-etched BB process for now.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDANTOIN PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOG, POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF PLATELET AGGREGATION (1979)

Abstract Die Vinylketone (II) bilden mit dem Aminodiester (I) die Addukte (III), die zu den Alkoholen (IV) reduziert werden.
Dense Stereo Matching Based On Propagation with Voronoi Diagram. (2002)

The conversion of nitrogen-oxygen-rich biomass wastes into heteroatomic co-doped nanostructured carbons used as energy storage materials has received widespread attention. In this study, an in situ nitrogen-oxygen co-doped porous carbon was prepared for supercapacitor applications via a two-step method of pre-carbonization and pyrolytic activation using mixed egg yolk/white and rice waste. The optimal sample (YPAC-1) was found to have a 3D honeycomb structure composed of abundant micropores and mesopores with a high specific surface area of 1572.1 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, which provided abundant storage space and a wide transport path for electrolyte ions. Notably, the specific capacitance of the constructed three-electrode system was as high as 446.22 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> and remained above 50% at 10 A g<sup>-1</sup>. The capacitance retention was 82.26% after up to 10,000 cycles. The symmetrical capacitor based on YPAC-1 with a two-electrode structure exhibited an energy density of 8.3 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> when the power density was 136 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. These results indicate that porous carbon materials prepared from mixed protein and carbohydrate waste have promising applications in the field of supercapacitors.
Localization of platinum nanoparticles on inner walls of mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for improvement of electrochemical stability (2017)

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on their inner walls (Pt@HC-meso) have been designed and prepared through a dual-templating method. The core-shell structured Pt/SiO<sub>2</sub>@micelle-polydopamine (PDA) precursor is obtained by first depositing Pt NPs on silica spheres and then coating them with the carbon precursor of PDA and diblock copolymer micelles as soft templates. The subsequent carbonization and KOH etching convert the micelle-PDA shells into mesoporous carbon and remove the silica cores, respectively. Thus, the Pt NPs are subjected to calcination and left on the inner walls. The fabricated Pt@HC-meso achieved high electrocatalytic performance and outstanding stability in catalyzing methanol oxidation. We infer that the mesoporous carbon shells not only provide accessible diffusion pathways for the reactants, but also protect the inner Pt NPs from collision with Pt NPs in other hollow carbon spheres. Each hollow carbon sphere with Pt NPs inside can be regarded as an independent nanoreactor. Moreover, observations of the morphology have proved that the calcined Pt NPs avoid a second aggregation during the electrocatalytic process and maintain long-term stability.
Structure of (tropolonato)4M-Type Compounds (M = Si, Ge, Sn) (1998)

T4M (M = Si, Ge, Sn; T = tropolonato)-type compounds were synthesized by reactions of tropolone with tetramethoxysilane, tetramethoxygermane, and tetrachlorostannane, respectively. X-ray and NMR analyses have shown that, both in the solid state and in solution, T4Si exists as an ion pair of a hexacoordinate silicocation (T3Si+) with an associated tropolone anion (T-), while T4Sn has an octacoordinate structure. The geometry around the tin atom is best described as a bicapped trigonal prism distorted toward a dodecahedron, in which the eight oxygen atoms of four tropolonato ligands are coordinated to a tin atom with an average Sn−O bond distance of 2.168 Å. Features of NMR and UV−vis spectra of T4Ge are similar to those of T4Si, indicating ion pairing between T3Ge+ and T- in solution; the black color of the solid of T4Ge is suggestive of the ion pairing in the solid-state as well, whereas single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis have not been obtained.
Increasing the Magnetic Anisotropy of a Natural System: Co-Doped Magnetite Mineralized in Ferritin Shells (2019)

Iron oxide nanoparticles mineralized within the internal cavity of Ferritin protein cage are extremely appealing for the realization of multifunctional therapeutic and diagnostic agents for cancer treatment by drug delivery, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) and magnetic resonance imaging. Being the maximum mean size imposed by the internal diameter of the protein shell (ca. 8 nm) too small for the use of these systems in MFH, a valuable strategy for the improvement of the hyperthermic efficiency is increasing the magnetic anisotropy by doping the iron oxide with divalent Co ions. This strategy has been demonstrated to be highly efficient in the case of iron oxide nanoparticles mineralized in Human Ferritin (HFt). However, a deterioration of nanoparticles crystallinity and consequently a reduction of the hyperthermic efficiency were observed with increasing Co-doping. In this contribution, we compare two series of Co-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-doping level up to 15%) mineralized into HFt and into Ferritin from the archaea <i>Pirococcus Furiosus</i> (PfFt), the protein structure of which differs for the nucleation sites, with the aim of increasing the crystalline quality of the inorganic cores for larger Co doping. Highly monodisperse nanoparticles of 6-7 nm were obtained in both series. The structural and magnetic characterization indicate that the PfFt series is less subjected to crystallinity deterioration with increasing Co content with respect to the HFt one. Such difference is reflected in the hyperthermic efficiency, which reaches the maximum value for different intermediate Co-doping (10% and 5% for PfFt and HFt, respectively), and goes to zero for further Co-doping increments.
Circular dichroism studies on lipid-protein complexes of a hydrophobic myelin protein (1978)

Circular dichroism spectra of lipophilin (a hydrophobic protein purified from human central nervous system myelin) were analyzed by the method of Chen et al. (1974) to obtain information on its secondary structure in aqueous and lipid environments. When introduced into phosphatidylcholine vesicles by dialysis from 2-chloroethanol, the protein possessed about 75% alpha helix. A new water-soluble form of lipophilin also containing over 70% alpha helix was obtained by a similar dialysis in the absence of lipid. This product had a higher helical content than two other water-soluble preparations derived by dialysis from phenol-acetic acid-urea. Interaction of all three aqueous forms of the protein with lysolecithin micelles resulted in increases in total helical content or in the average length of helical segments. The amount of beta sheet was at a minimum for lipophilin incorporated into vesicles, where the presence of lipid also provided some protection against thermal denaturation.
Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI detects real-time metabolic flux in prostate cancer metastases to bone and liver: a clinical feasibility study (2019)

HP <sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate MRI can detect real-time glycolytic metabolism within prostate cancer metastases, and can measure changes in quantitative k<sub>PL</sub> values following treatment response at early time points. This first feasibility study supports future clinical studies of HP <sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate MRI in the setting of advanced prostate cancer.
Capillary zone electrophoresis on‐line coupled to mass spectrometry: A perspective application for clinical proteomics (2015)

Clinical proteomics, a rapidly growing field, intends to use specific diagnostic proteomic/peptidomic markers for initial diagnosis or prognosis of the progression of various diseases. Analyses of disease-associated markers in defined biological samples can provide valuable molecular diagnostic information for these diseases. This approach relies on sensitive and highly standardized modern analytical techniques. In the recent years, one of these technologies, CZE online coupled to MS (CZE-MS), has been increasingly used for the detection of peptide biomarkers (<20 kDa) in body fluids such as urine. This review presents the most relevant urinary proteomic studies addressing the application of CZE-MS in clinically relevant biomarker research between the years 2006 and 2014.
4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol- 2-ol as an Effective Catalyst for the Amide Condensation of Sterically Demanding Carboxylic Acids (2006)

4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborole (4a) and 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-2-ol (4b) are effective catalysts for the dehydrative amide condensation between an equimolar mixture of carboxylic acids and amines. In particular, these catalysts are greatly superior to 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (1) for the amide condensation of sterically demanding carboxylic acids. In contrast, 4c, which is prepared from a 1:2 molar mixture of B(OH)3 and tetrachlorocatechol, is effective as a Lewis acid-assisted Brønsted acid (LBA) catalyst for Ritter reaction.
Silicone Oil Contamination and Electrical Contact Resistance Degradation of Low-Force Gold Contacts (2007)

Hot-switched low-force gold electrical contact testing was performed using a nanomechanical test apparatus to ascertain the sensitivity of simulated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) contact to silicone oil contamination. The observed cyclic contact resistance degradation was dependent on both closure rate and noncontact applied voltage. The decomposition of silicone oil from electrical arcing was hypothesized as the degradation mechanism
Digital Nonlinear Self-Interference Cancellation Based on LMS-Volterra Algorithm (2016)

Commonly, the analog self-interference cancellation (ASIC) can not eliminate self-interference completely in the co-time and co-frequency full-duplex (CCFD) system. Therefore, the self-interference cancellation in digital domain is essential to take the CCFD system into practical. A cancellation method based on least mean square Volterra (LMS-Volterra) algorithm is proposed in this paper, which can suppress the residual nonlinear self-interference in digital domain. The digital nonlinear self-interference cancellation model via the Volterra-series and LMS filter is built. Moreover, the detailed formulation of this cancellation procedure is derived. The expression of interference cancellation ratio (ICR) is achieved. This cancellation method can estimate the self-interference channel and suppress the residual nonlinear interference without the pilot sequence. Analysis and simulation results indicate the validity of the proposed digital nonlinear self-interference cancellation algorithm.
A NEW TONOMETER SYSTEM (1972)

A tonometer, which involves no mechanical contact with the eye, has been designed and is being tested. An air pulse generated from the ambient atmosphere with a reliable positive linear force-time ramp inpinges upon the cornea. The pulse causes a gradual curvature reduction, applanation, and finally a slight concavity before the decaying force-time ramp permits restoration. Telecentric optical-electronic monitoring of the corneal vertex specular reflection uniquely identifies, in time, the applanation event. Both human and animal testing have demonstrated a direct linear relationship between intraocular pressure and the time interval to applanation. This permits instantaneous digital readout in mm Hg. An optical-spherometer type system is utilized to effect alignment of the pneumatic and monitoring systems with the cornea in three dimensions. Following alignment and triggering, measurement in the normal range takes approximately 3 milliseconds, does not require lid retraction, and induces only a blink reflex with no discomfort.
Zinc oxide quantum dots: multifunctional candidates for arresting C2C12 cancer cells and their role towards caspase 3 and 7 genes (2016)

Recently, nanoscale (&lt;100 nm) inorganic materials, especially spherical shaped zinc oxide (ZnO-QDs), have received a lot of attention from the broad community because of their potential utilization in various technologies.
Theta Oscillations Organize Spiking Activity in Higher-Order Visual Thalamus during Sustained Attention (2017)

Abstract Higher-order visual thalamus plays a fundamental but poorly understood role in attention-demanding tasks. To investigate how neuronal dynamics in higher-order visual thalamus are modulated by sustained attention, we performed multichannel electrophysiological recordings in the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP/pulvinar) in the ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ). We recorded single unit activity and local field potential during the performance of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) that is used in both humans and animals as an assay of sustained attention. We found that half of the units exhibited an increasing firing rate during the delay period before stimulus onset (attention-modulated units). In contrast, the non-attention-modulated units responded to the stimulus, but not during the delay period. Spike-field coherence of only the attention-modulated neurons significantly increased from the start of the delay period until screen touch, predominantly in the theta frequency band. In addition, theta power and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling were elevated throughout the delay period. Our findings suggest that the theta oscillation plays a central role in orchestrating thalamic signaling during sustained attention. Significance Impaired sustained attention can be deadly, as illustrated by the number of motor vehicle accidents that are caused by drivers not reacting quickly enough to unexpected events on the road. Understanding how electrical signaling in higher-order visual nuclei, such as the LP/pulvinar, is modulated during tasks that require sustained attention is an important step in achieving a mechanistic understanding of sustained attention, which will eventually lead to new strategies to prevent and treat impairment in sustained attention.
Self-awareness of fast eating and its impact on diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese males and females (2015)

Fast eating is associated with diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome. The effect of acknowledging themselves as fast eater presents a higher impact on males than on females in the middle-aged Japanese population. The present study indicates that finding subjects with self-awareness of fast eating may lead to the prevention of developing metabolic syndrome.
[Classification and outcome of diabetic retinopathy]. (1994)

Several classifications of diabetic retinopathy have been proposed. The most recent, used in the DRS and the ETDRS, are grading systems, based on the comparison of stereoscopic fundus photographs with color photographic standards. Fluorescein angiography is not used, and the DRS and ETDRS classifications are too complex for routine evaluation. Classifications using standardized vocabulary should provide more accurate assessment of diabetic severity and prognosis.
Abstract 252: ABR-238901 Promotes Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction by Reducing Inflammation and Increased Presence of “Reparatory” Macrophages Trough Blockage of Alarmin Complex S100a8/9 (2017)

Objective: Myocardial infarction (MI) is an ischemic injury of the heart leading to excessive local inflammation. The alarmin complex S100A8/9 is potently upregulated locally and systemically after MI and promotes the influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the myocardium. We studied whether S100A8/A9 inhibition with the blocking compound ABR-238901 might reduce inflammation and improve myocardial function after MI. Methods: MI was induced by left coronary artery ligation in 8-12 weeks old mice. Echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function. Results: Two days after MI, mice treated with ABR-238901 i.p. showed improved ejection fraction in comparison with buffer-treated animals, and had significantly decreased numbers of neutrophils and monocytes in the blood. More importantly, the presence of neutrophils and monocytes in the myocardium was reduced, leading to lower numbers of infiltrating macrophages. After 7 days of continuous treatment, cardiac function and the total counts of neutrophils and monocytes in blood and heart became similar in the two groups. However, the numbers of reparatory F4/80 + MerTK hi Ly6C low macrophages were lower in the hearts of ABR-238901 treated mice after 7 days. In contrast, we found that a balanced treatment strategy using ABR-238901 for 3 days followed by 4 days buffer increased the numbers and the proliferative capacity of this macrophage subset, promoting cardiac repair. Conclusion: We report that 3-day blockage of S100A8/9 has beneficial effects on cardiac function in the immediate period after an MI and enhances the presence of reparatory macrophages in the myocardium.
Influences of molding conditions on die-pad behavior in IC encapsulation process analyzed by Hall element method (2000)

It is important to analyze the dynamic die-pad behavior during the integrated circuit (IC) encapsulation process in order to reduce such defects caused by the die-pad movement as exposure of the IC chip on the package surface or breakage of bonding wires. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of transfer time, internal pressure after the filling process, polyimide tapes pasted on lead frames, and viscosity of the resin on the die-pad behavior using the Hall element method developed in the previous study. The results showed that 1) the die-pad moved more when the transfer time was longer in this mold, 2) the internal pressure after the filling process had little influence on the die-pad behavior, 3) polyimide tapes restrained the die-pad movement along the thickness direction, and 4) the die-pad displaced larger with higher-viscosity resin.