gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Engineering Applications (2008)

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) are of significant interest to the scientific and technical communities for many of the same reasons that carbon nanotubes (CNT) have attracted wide attention. Both materials have potentially unique and important properties for structural and electronic applications. However of even more consequence than their similarities may be the complementary differences between carbon and boron nitride nanotubes. While BNNT possess a very high modulus similar to CNT, they also possess superior chemical and thermal stability. Additionally, BNNT have more uniform electronic properties, with a uniform band gap of 5.5 eV while CNT vary from semi-conductive to highly conductive behavior. Boron nitride nanotubes have been synthesized both in the literature and at NASA Glenn Research Center, by a variety of methods such as chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge and reactive milling. Consistent large scale production of a reliable product has proven to be difficult. Progress in the reproducible synthesis of 1–2 gram sized batches of boron nitride nanotubes will be discussed as well as potential uses for this unique material.
Design and Fabrication of Efficient Fiber Microlenses (1993)

Microlenses, fabricated directly on the ends of optical fiber, are used to improve the coupling of light from semiconductor lasers into the fiber. They achieve this by matching the very much smaller mode of the laser to that of the fiber.
Duplication of the Down syndrome critical region does not predict facial phenotype in a baby with a ring chromosome 21 (2005)

Ring chromosomes represent a rare type of chromosomal anomaly that can lead to multiple malformations. Although rings may occur with any chromosome, ring chromosome 21 is of particular interest due to the association of this chromosome with Down syndrome. Individuals with a ring chromosome 21, containing duplicated material, typically have a phenotype consistent with Down syndrome. We report an infant with a ring chromosome 21 containing a duplication of most of the long arm, including the Down syndrome critical region [46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses of the ring showed one chromosome 21 centromere, two copies each of the AML1 gene (q22) and the Down syndrome critical region, and deleted subtelomeric material. The patient has some Down syndrome characteristics including a high arched palate, a secundum atrial septal defect, and duodenal stenosis, but lacks the typical Down syndrome facial features, nuchal folds, and hand/foot anomalies. The phenotype of this patient supports the hypothesis that the duplication of the Down syndrome critical region alone is not sufficient to recapitulate the classical Down syndrome craniofacial phenotype.
X-Ray Crystallography, Spectral Analysis, DFT Studies, and Molecular Docking of (C 9 H 15 N 3 )[CdCl 4 ] Hybrid Material against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2023)

International audience
A study on automatic bias control for arbitrary optical signal generation by dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (2010)

A novel automatic bias control (ABC) is proposed to generate arbitrary signals with a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. We demonstrated the practical generation of arbitrary modulated signals using the proposed scheme.
Expression of anti-SRP19 antibody in muscle tissues from patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathy (2016)

This study aimed to investigate the role of anti-SRP19 antibody in muscle tissues of patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathy. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to determine the expression of anti-SRP19 antibodies in muscle tissues of autoimmune necrotizing myopathy patients. Results demonstrated that anti-SRP19 antibody was expressed in 71.4% (20/28) of muscle tissue specimens from patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathy. Anti-SRP19 antibody expression was mainly localized in cytoplasm of necrotic muscle fibers surrounding the small blood vessels and interstitial cells. There were no significant differences in the age, course of disease, muscle, and creatine kinase levels between patients with positive or negative expression of anti-SRP19 antibodies. The expression levels of anti-SRP19, serum anti-nuclear antibodies, as well as anti-Ro-52, anti- SSA, anti-Sm, and anti-Jo-1 antibodies were not significantly different among groups. This study demonstrates that anti-SRP19 antibody is highly expressed in muscle tissues of patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathy, and suggests that this protein may be involved in the origin and progression of the disease.
Monitoring Method of Cutting Force by Using Additional Spindle Sensors (2006)

This paper describes a monitoring method of cutting forces for end milling process by using displacement sensors. Four eddy-current displacement sensors are installed on the spindle housing of a machining center so that they can detect the radial motion of the rotating spindle. Thermocouples are also attached to the spindle structure in order to examine the thermal effect in the displacement sensing. The change in the spindle stiffness due to the spindle temperature and the speed is investigated as well. Finally, the estimation performance of cutting forces using the spindle displacement sensors is experimentally investigated by machining tests on carbon steel in end milling operations under different cutting conditions. It is found that the monitoring errors are attributable to the thermal displacement of the spindle, the time lag of the sensing system, and the modeling error of the spindle stiffness. It is also shown that the root mean square errors between estimated and measured amplitudes of cutting forces are reduced to be less than 20N with proper selection of the linear stiffness.
Soybean Hairy Root Transformation: A Rapid and Highly Efficient Method (2021)

New genetic engineering techniques have advanced the field of plant molecular biology, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has enabled the discovery of numerous molecular and genetic functions. It has been widely used in many plants, including the economically important crop, soybean. Large-scale genetic analyses are needed to comprehend the molecular mechanisms that underlie the agronomic traits of soybean, and the generation of stable transgenic plants involves a lengthy and laborious process. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation is a quick and efficient method for investigations of root-specific processes and interactions. Generation of composite plants with transgenic roots and wild-type shoots allows for the study of the genetic mechanisms involved in root biology, such as the Bradyrhizobium-soybean interaction. Here, we provide an updated protocol for generating hairy soybean roots in as little as 18 days in a cost- and space-effective manner and demonstrate possible uses of composite plants with soybean nodulation assays and gene expression analysis as examples. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Soybean hairy root transformation Basic Protocol 2: Soybean nodulation assay Alternate Protocol: Soybean nodulation assay in germination pouches Support Protocol: Bradyrhizobium japonicum culture preparation for inoculation Basic Protocol 3: Histochemical GUS staining for promoter analysis.
Collagen-Based Drug Delivery and Artificial Tears (1994)

For patients with conditions requiring chronic rather than acute therapy, the advantages of collagen shields in providing high and sustained levels of drugs and/or lubricants to the cornea are outweighed by the difficulty of insertion of the shield and the problem of blurred vision. We have developed a delivery system in which collagen pieces suspended in a viscous vehicle can be instilled into the lower forniceal space, thereby simplifying application and reducing blurring of vision. The collagen pieces (Collasomes) can be formulated with various constituents such as antibiotics or cyclosporine, or with chemical alterations such as the inclusion of a lipid (Lacrisomes) for the treatment of dry eyes. In the normal eyes of volunteers, Collasomes hydrated in a solution of sodium fluorescein and suspended in a methylcellulose vehicle as a model for delivery of water-soluble drugs produced fluorescein concentrations 17 to 42 times higher in the cornea and 6 to 8 times higher in the aqueous humor, compared with fluorescein-containing vehicle alone. In a preliminary controlled study, 76% of patients with moderately severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) preferred Lacrisomes to the vehicle control because of a more soothing effect and longer duration of comfort. All preparations were well tolerated by all study subjects. Current studies involve improving drug delivery by chemically modifying the collagen molecule to slow diffusion of the drug from the Collasome matrix, as well as varying the amount of cetyl alcohol and combining it with modified collagen in Lacrisomes to maximize comfort in patients with dry eyes.
Intravenous fluids in traumatic brain injury (2014)

In patients with TBI, intravenous fluids are integral to management; they may be both a source of harm and a potential therapy to limit secondary brain injury. They should be prescribed in accordance with other pharmaceutical or therapeutic interventions. Refined usage may improve patient outcomes.
A Quantification Framework for Software Safety in the Requirements Phase: Application to Nuclear Power Plants (2018)

With the increasing dependence on digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants, software has become a significant determinant of system safety assurance. To expand the use of digital technology in the nuclear industry, systematic methods are required for quantifying the safety of software-based I&C systems in safety critical applications. A software safety quantification model limited to the requirements phase is built in this paper based on the causal mechanisms that challenge safety. A preliminary mathematical method was developed to assess the number of requirements faults and their sub-types. A case study is conducted on a function of a reactor protection system to verify the validity of the quantification model.
Improved solar array power point model with SPICE realization (2002)

An improved and simplified formulation is given for a solar array current-voltage model. This model curve matches a specified maximum power point (i,v) specification, in addition to the open-circuit and short-circuit specifications. The improved model has a simplified numerical solution, which is practical for SPICE simulation of orbital-scale electrical power systems. This paper presents the mathematical development of the solar array model solution, and the form of the necessary Newton/Raphson equations. The iterative nonlinear solution is then realized in a SPICE model of the solar array, which is then demonstrated in an orbital-time-scale satellite power system simulation.
The role of molecular analyses of B-cell and T-cell clonality in the study of B-cell lymphomagenesis. (1996)

While the simple detection of B-cell clonality does not imply B-cell malignancy, comprehensive analyses of B-cell clonality are crucial to investigate the pathobiology of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Our recent studies in patients with Sjögren's syndrome have highlighted how multiple molecular analyses of B-cell clonality (Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequence analysis) in prelymphomatous lesions may be of great value in helping to define the stages of progression towards low-grade malignancy. The study of T-cell expansion may also be important in investigations of the pathobiology of the different stages of B-cell lymphoproliferation (fully benign, pseudolymphomatous, or definitely malignant), which may still be T-cell-and antigen/ autoantigen-dependent.
Immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity between lupine conglutins and peanut allergens in serum of lupine-allergic individuals. (2009)

The present study reveals IgE cross-reactivity between the 2S albumins Ara h 2 and delta-conglutin, and the 7S vicilin-like Ara h 1 and beta-conglutin, which are possibly based on homologies between phylogenetically related proteins. Ara h 2 was the most potent inhibitor of IgE binding to lupine conglutins.
The effects of foot geometric properties on the gait of planar bipeds walking under HZD-based control (2014)

It has been hypothesized by many that foot design can influence gait. This idea was investigated in both simulation and hardware for the five-link, planar biped ERNIE controlled under the Hybrid Zero Dynamics paradigm. The effects of walking speed, foot radius, and foot center of curvature location on gait efficiency and kinematics were investigated in a full factorial study of gaits optimized using a work-based objective function. In most cases, the simulation correctly predicted the trends observed in hardware, indicating that simulation can be used for foot design. As expected, increasing walking speed decreased the energetic efficiency. The dominant effect of speed on joint kinematics was to alter the timing of the peak hip flexion. Increasing foot radius up to the length of the shank improved the energetic efficiency and increased the range of motion of the hip and knee joints. Shifting the foot center of curvature location forward altered the energetic efficiency in a manner that interacted with changes in foot radius. The energetically optimal foot center of curvature location was coincident with the shank for a large foot radius and shifted far in front of the shank for a small foot radius. In all cases, the forward shift increased the range of motion of the hip and knee joints. Therefore, a robot designer can achieve similar energetic benefits across a range of speeds with either a larger radius foot or a smaller radius foot whose center of curvature is located forward of the shank.
Unravelling the Secrets of Mycobacterial Cidality through the Lens of Antisense (2016)

One of the major impediments in anti-tubercular drug discovery is the lack of a robust grammar that governs the in-vitro to the in-vivo translation of efficacy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is capable of growing both extracellular as well as intracellular; encountering various hostile conditions like acidic milieu, free radicals, starvation, oxygen deprivation, and immune effector mechanisms. Unique survival strategies of Mtb have prompted researchers to develop in-vitro equivalents to simulate in-vivo physiologies and exploited to find efficacious inhibitors against various phenotypes. Conventionally, the inhibitors are screened on Mtb under the conditions that are unrelated to the in-vivo disease environments. The present study was aimed to (1). Investigate cidality of Mtb targets using a non-chemical inhibitor antisense-RNA (AS-RNA) under in-vivo simulated in-vitro conditions.(2). Confirm the cidality of the targets under in-vivo in experimental tuberculosis. (3). Correlate in-vitro vs. in-vivo cidality data to identify the in-vitro condition that best predicts in-vivo cidality potential of the targets. Using cidality as a metric for efficacy, and AS-RNA as a target-specific inhibitor, we delineated the cidality potential of five target genes under six different physiological conditions (replicating, hypoxia, low pH, nutrient starvation, nitrogen depletion, and nitric oxide).In-vitro cidality confirmed in experimental tuberculosis in BALB/c mice using the AS-RNA allowed us to identify cidal targets in the rank order of rpoB>aroK>ppk>rpoC>ilvB. RpoB was used as the cidality control. In-vitro and in-vivo studies feature aroK (encoding shikimate kinase) as an in-vivo mycobactericidal target suitable for anti-TB drug discovery. In-vitro to in-vivo cidality correlations suggested the low pH (R = 0.9856) in-vitro model as best predictor of in-vivo cidality; however, similar correlation studies in pathologically relevant (Kramnik) mice are warranted. In the acute infection phase for the high fidelity translation, the compound efficacy may also be evaluated in the low pH, in addition to the standard replication condition.
Convection and Conduction of Heat in Gases (1912)

Received 27 January 1912DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.34.401©1912 American Physical Society
Supersymmetric Reshaping and Higher‐Dimensional Rearrangement of Photonic Lattices (2023)

Abstract Integrated J x photonic lattices, inspired by the quantum harmonic oscillator and due to their equidistant eigenvalue spectrum, have proven extremely useful for various applications, such as perfect imaging and coherent transfer of quantum states. However, to date their large‐scale implementation remains challenging. This study applies concepts from supersymmetry (SUSY) to construct two‐dimensional (2D) systems with spectra identical to that of one‐dimensional (1D) J x lattices. While exhibiting different dynamics, these 2D equivalent systems retain the key imaging and state transfer properties of their 1D J x counterpart. The method extends to all systems with separable spectra and facilitates experimental fabrication of large‐scale photonic circuits.
Development of Silver-Carbon-Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites for Metal Contacts on Space Photovoltaic Cells (2015)

The advanced solar cells used in space vehicles today are rapidly moving towards thin-film-based inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cells mounted on flexible substrates. However, the IMM cells are more prone to cracking than state-of-the-art triple junction cells. The cell cracking can lead to metal contact failure on IMM cells, compromising the power generation. To mitigate the power loss and increase the lifetime of IMM cells, silver metal films imbedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), otherwise known as metal matrix composites, have been developed and investigated for the reinforced mechanical strength against stress-induced cracking. We have primarily focused on (1) surface functionalization of CNTs to make their surface more hydrophilic and wetting to metals, (2) optimization of a cyanide-free electrochemical deposition of silver, (3) electrochemical deposition, drop casting and nanospreader technique to control the composite microstructure, and (4) mechanical and electrical characterization of the composite films. We observe that carboxylation of CNTs produces a stable, homogeneous suspension of negatively charged CNTs at pH &gt; 6. Lustrous-mirror-finish silver films are also successfully deposited, using a commercial cyanide-free silver-plating solution with precise control of current density. Currently, one of the microstructures being explored is a silver-carbon-nanotube layer-by-layer structure, where the surface coverage of CNTs is an important parameter that directly affects the CNT packing fraction and metal intercalation through the CNT network. We quantify the CNT surface coverage as a function of different deposition variables by digitally analyzing scanning electron microscopy images. In this presentation, we will further discuss how this surface coverage correlates to the mechanical and electrical properties of the MMC films. We characterize the mechanical properties, using nanoindentation and strain failure tests. The initial nanoindentation analysis reveals that the composite film has a lower elastic modulus (10 GPa) than pure silver (73 GPa), which is contrary to our initial prediction given the high elastic modulus of CNTs (1000 GPa). The lower elastic modulus is attributed to the electroplating process of silver, in which hydrogen is incorporated and trapped within the composite. Our finite element analysis also corroborates this speculation, where the elastic modulus near 10 GPa is predicted with approximately 4% void fraction. While the composite elastic modulus is lower than that of pure silver, the strain failure tests show that carbon nanotubes can bridge 20 to 50-μm-wide microcracks, maintaining electrical conductivity of the composite
Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement (OAWM) Using Silicon Photonic Slicing Filters (2021)

We demonstrate an optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) system that exploits a bank of silicon photonic (SiP) frequency-tunable coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) filters for gapless spectral slicing of broadband optical signals. The spectral slices are coherently detected using a frequency comb as a multi-wavelength local oscillator (LO) and stitched together by digital signal processing (DSP). For high-quality signal reconstruction, we have implemented a maximum-ratio combining (MRC) technique based on precise calibration of the complex-valued opto-electronic transfer functions of all detection paths. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate the viability of the scheme by implementing a four-channel system that offers an overall detection bandwidth of 140 GHz. Exploiting a femtosecond laser with precisely known pulse shape for calibration along with dynamic amplitude and phase estimation, we reconstruct 100 GBd QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM optical data signals. The reconstructed signals show improved quality compared to that obtained with a single high-speed intradyne receiver, while the electronic bandwidth requirements of the individual coherent receivers are greatly reduced.
Antagonism of Serotonin Agonist-Elicited Increases in Serum Corticosterone Concentration in Rats (1991)

SummarySerum corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations are increased in rats by numerous direct-acting and indirect-acting serotonin receptor agonists. Antagonism of these increases by serotonin receptor antagonists has been useful in verifying their serotonergic nature and in defining central vs. peripheral sites of action. In addition, the use of agonists and antagonists with selectivity toward particular subtypes of serotonin receptors helps elucidate the identity of receptors that mediate agonist-elicited increases in serum corticosterone concentration. At least two serotonin receptor subtypes, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2/ 1C receptors, appear capable of mediating increases in serum corticosterone concentrations. The use of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and quipazine as agonists at these receptors, respectively, provides a convenient means of assessing central serotonin receptor-blocking efficacy of newly developed serotonin receptor antagonists in rats. Data from studies in humans are beginning to appear, suggesting that neuroendocrine markers in humans will also be useful in characterizing serotonin receptor antagonists clinically.