gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Mouse Models of Venous Thrombosis: Fulfilling the Expectations? (2007)

During the last 15 years, transgenic mice have been generated that carry defective and/or mutant alleles of the natural anticoagulant pathways and display a spontaneous thrombotic phenotype. With the generation of these mouse lines, better opportunities became available for investigating both existing and novel risk factors for venous thrombosis. In addition, these models could serve as a tool for evaluating novel antithrombotic strategies. This review summarizes these mouse models and evaluates whether they have fulfilled the expectations.
Nonclassical mucosal antibodies predominate in genital secretions of HIV‐1 infected chimpanzees (1995)

To identify mucosal immunity in HIV-infected chimpanzees, IgG, IgA, and IgM from plasma, saliva, rectal swabs, vaginal washes, semen, and urethral washes were tested from four male and three female HIV-1IIIB infected chimpanzees. The level of HIV infections in the seven chimpanzees were classified as high, intermediate and low depending on the number of HIV-1 infected cells per 10(7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). One male chimpanzee had a relatively high viral load, two males and two females had moderate viral loads and one male and one female had low levels of infection. All seven animals had plasma antibody. The principal finding was that nonclassical mucosal antibodies of the IgG isotype were the predominant antibody in the saliva, rectal swabs, vaginal washes, semen, and urethral washes of infected animals. All plasma and mucosal samples were negative for IgM antibodies. The results show that HIV-1 specific IgG responses and not sIgA predominate at mucosal surfaces of HIV-1IIIB infected chimpanzees. A trend was observed in which high viral loads correlated with high plasma IgG, IgA and sIgA titers. An overall correlation between relatively high virus loads and high amounts of mucosal IgG was also found.
Embedded Medical Devices: Pressure Volume Loops in Rodents (2013)

Man has been instrumenting the human body with electrical devices since the early 1800s. McWilliam built an electrical stimulator of the heart in 1889. In the 1930s, Hyman built and patented multiple versions of an artificial pacemaker. The first one was operated by a hand crank and spring motor to generate and supply the electricity. Around 1960, battery powered pacemakers arrived on the scene. There are five companies that currently provide pacemakers: Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical, and Sorin. Hearing aids, glucose monitors, artificial joints and limbs, and biopotentials monitors are additional devices that can be implanted.
Synthesis of ring-contracted derivatives of erythromycin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ring-contracted derivatives of erythromycinHerbert A. Kirst, Julie A. Wind, and Jonathan W. PaschalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 19, 4359–4362Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00228a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00228a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Is IGSF1 involved in human pituitary tumor formation? (2014)

IGSF1 is a membrane glycoprotein highly expressed in the anterior pituitary. Pathogenic mutations in the IGSF1 gene (on Xq26.2) are associated with X-linked central hypothyroidism and testicular enlargement in males. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that IGSF1 is involved in the development of pituitary tumors, especially those that produce growth hormone (GH). IGSF1 was sequenced in 21 patients with gigantism or acromegaly and 92 healthy individuals. Expression studies with a candidate pathogenic IGSF1 variant were carried out in transfected cells and immunohistochemistry for IGSF1 was performed in the sections of GH-producing adenomas, familial somatomammotroph hyperplasia, and in normal pituitary. We identified the sequence variant p.N604T, which in silico analysis suggested could affect IGSF1 function, in two male patients and one female with somatomammotroph hyperplasia from the same family. Of 60 female controls, two carried the same variant and seven were heterozygous for other variants. Immunohistochemistry showed increased IGSF1 staining in the GH-producing tumor from the patient with the IGSF1 p.N604T variant compared with a GH-producing adenoma from a patient negative for any IGSF1 variants and with normal control pituitary tissue. The IGSF1 gene appears polymorphic in the general population. A potentially pathogenic variant identified in the germline of three patients with gigantism from the same family (segregating with the disease) was also detected in two healthy female controls. Variations in IGSF1 expression in pituitary tissue in patients with or without IGSF1 germline mutations point to the need for further studies of IGSF1 action in pituitary adenoma formation.
The effect of bacterial strain and temperature changes on the nitrogenase activity of Lotus pedunculatus root nodules (1984)

After 40 days of growth at 25°C, Lotus pedunculatus cav., cv. Maku plants infected with Rhizobium loti strain NZP2037 displayed similar relative growth rates but had twice the nodule mass and only one third the whole plant dry weight of plants infected with Bradyrhizobium sp. ( Lotus ) strain CC814s. In the NZP2037 symbiosis, the rate of CO 2 evolution (per g dry weight of nodulated root) was 1.6 times as high as that in the CC814s symbiosis while the rate of C 2 H 2 reduction (per g dry weight of nodule) was only 48% of that in the CC814s symbiosis. Studies of the effect of short term temperature changes on the gas exchange characteristics (CO 2 and H 2 evolution, C 2 H 2 reduction) of these symbioses revealed wide differences in the optima for C 2 H 2 reduction. Nodules infected with NZP2037 displayed maximal C 2 H 2 reduction rates [157 μmol (g dry weight nodule) −1 h −1 ] at 12°C, whereas nodules infected with CC814s were optimal at 30°C [208 μmol (g dry weight nodule) −1 h −1 ]. These short term studies suggested that differences in temperature optima for N 2 may have partially accounted for the poorer effectivity, at 25°C, of strain NZP2037 when compared with strain CC‐814s. The relative efficiency [RE = 1 – (H 2 evolution/C 2 H 2 reduction)] of N 2 fixation varied widely with temperature in the two symbioses, but there was a general trend toward higher RE with lower temperatures. The ratio of CO 2 evolution: C 2 H 2 reduction (mol/mol) in nodulated roots infected with CC814s was constant (ca 10 CO 2 /C 2 H 2 ) between 5°C and 30°C, whereas in plants infected with NZP2037 it reached a minimal value of 3.3 CO 2 /C 2 H 2 at 10°C and was 19 CO 2 /C 2 H 2 at the growing temperature (25°C).
Predictive differential modulation for CFA compression (2004)

The recent, wide diffusion of Digital Still Cameras (DSCs) and mobile imaging devices disposes the need of developing efficient techniques for digital image coding, in order to reduce resources requirements for their storing and transmission. Digital cameras usually acquire the image data through a Bayer Color Filter Array (CFA), a light sensitive sensor able to acquire the red, green and blue colors. Each pixel acquires just one color component. The full color image is then restored applying a sequence of image processing algorithms interpolating the acquired data. This paper introduces a new, efficient coding method to compress the Bayer Pattern. It is based on a predictive schema followed by a Vector Quantization (VQ) technique. Simulations have demonstrated that the proposed scheme allows a visually lossless compression of Bayer pattern images with low memory cost.
Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis (2017)

There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
Algorithm-based design of synthetic growth media stimulating virulence properties ofMetarhizium anisopliaeconidia (2008)

Aims: Synthetic media should be designed for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia with improved virulence properties. Methods and Results: A genetic algorithm (GA), demonstrated to be suitable for the design of media for spore mass production (Hutwimmer et al. 2008), was utilized for a multi‐objective medium design to improve conidia yield and three proposed virulence properties of conidia: C : N ratio, germination speed and amount of spore‐bound Pr1 protease. After five iterative optimizations, 52 media were improved over Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Four media exhibited medium performances (a factor derived from the four single optimization variables) of around 0·7; cf. SDA = 0·532; media with enhanced properties were reached for each single optimization variable; Bioassays against Tenebrio larvae indicated also a slight improvement in virulence of conidia from designed media. A degenerated phenotype of the same strain did not exhibit differences in colony appearance, spore characteristics and virulence if grown on designed media. Conclusions: The application of a problem‐oriented GA is a practical and rapid method to design media for multi‐objective purposes. Significance and Impact of the Study: The applicability of a GA for multi‐objective medium design was demonstrated for the cultivation of anamorphic fungi on solid media.
Pharmacological inhibition of quorum sensing for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections (2003)

Traditional treatment of infectious diseases is based on compounds that aim to kill or inhibit bacterial growth. A major concern with this approach is the frequently observed development of resistance to antimicrobial compounds. The discovery of bacterial-communication systems (quorum-sensing systems), which orchestrate important temporal events during the infection process, has afforded a novel opportunity to ameliorate bacterial infection by means other than growth inhibition. Compounds able to override bacterial signaling are present in nature. Herein we discuss the known signaling mechanisms and potential antipathogenic drugs that specifically target quorum-sensing systems in a manner unlikely to pose a selective pressure for the development of resistant mutants.
Development of an intravascular impedance catheter for detection of fatty lesions in arteries (1997)

Recent studies show that the presence of fatty lesions in the atherosclerotic vessel wall is a risk factor for acute occlusion of blood vessels. Although fat has a high electrical resistivity, existing impedance catheter systems cannot be used for detection of these lesions because artifacts owing to impedance variations in the extravascular surroundings have a major and irretraceable effect on the measurement. Standard algorithms used in attempt to compensate for these artifacts suffer from severe instability problems. We defined design guidelines to be met by a new impedance catheter system in order to make a robust reconstruction algorithm possible and have built an experimental in travascular impedance catheter (IIC) system according to these guidelines, using a normalized differential measurement procedure. With this IIC, we performed experiments on human iliac arteries from the section ward (fixed specimens), showing that plastic models of arterial fatty lesions (8 mm3) can be detected reliably.
<title>Radar design and management in a networked environment</title> (2001)

Radar design and management concepts are presented for a networked environment to reduce the cost and dramatically enhance the performance of radar systems. The benefits attained by moving from a large centralized radar to a distributed cluster of smaller radars extend far beyond the reduction in cost and the increase in reliability. Additional advantages of multiple radar operation exploiting the ubiquitous networking technology are also presented. In addition to providing the impetus for novel radar algorithms and applications, the proposed system will also a yield a testbed for challenging networking research to develop fast protocols dealing with very high bit rate applications relying on multiple streams of time-critical data.
High-order harmonics as a continuously tunable coherent femtosecond x-ray source (2002)

With the application of appropriately chirped laser pulses, harmonic chirp can be coherently controlled so that sharp harmonics be produced. Using the strong blueshift property and coherently controlling harmonic generation process, we demonstrated a continuously tunable high‐order harmonic generation, without losing spectral sharpness.
Piperlongumine reverses doxorubicin resistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in K562/A02 human leukemia cells (2015)

Drug resistance is an important obstacle to human leukemia therapeutics. Piperlongumine has previously demonstrated the ability to suppress certain human tumor processes; however, the ability of piperlongumine to reverse the drug resistance of human leukemia and its mechanism of action have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, the doxorubicin resistance reversal effect of piperlongumine on K562/A02 human leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that piperlongumine promoted doxorubicin sensitivity, apoptosis, the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123, the activities of caspase-3 and -8, and the expression of reactive oxygen species, p53, p27 and p-PTEN. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of P-glycoprotein, MDR1, MRP1, survivin and p-Akt, and the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and twist, and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The results indicate that piperlongumine has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for human leukemia.
Alterations of motor cortical excitability and anatomy in Unverricht‐Lundborg disease (2013)

Unverricht-Lundborg disease is the most common form of progressive myoclonus epilepsies. In addition to generalized seizures, it is characterized by myoclonus, which usually is the most disabling feature of the disease. Classically, the myoclonus has been attributed to increased excitability of the primary motor cortex. However, inhibitory cortical phenomena have also been described along with anatomical alterations. We aimed to characterize the relationship between the excitability and anatomy of the motor cortex and their association with the severity of the clinical symptoms. Seventy genetically verified patients were compared with forty healthy controls. The symptoms were evaluated with the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to characterize the excitability of the primary motor cortex by determining the motor thresholds and cortical silent periods. In addition, the induced cortical electric fields were estimated using individual scalp-to-cortex distances measured from MRIs. A cortical thickness analysis was performed to elucidate possible disease-related anatomical alterations. The motor thresholds, cortical electric fields, and silent periods were significantly increased in the patients (P < 0.01). The silent periods correlated with the myoclonus scores (r = 0.48 to r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The scalp-to-cortex distance increased significantly with disease duration (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and correlated inversely with cortical thickness. The results may reflect the refractory nature of the myoclonus and indicate a possible reactive cortical inhibitory mechanism to the underlying disease process. This is the largest clinical series on Unverricht-Lundborg disease and the first study describing parallel pathophysiological and structural alterations associated with the severity of the symptoms.
Viridiflorol induces anti-neoplastic effects on breast, lung, and brain cancer cells through apoptosis (2021)

All active natural molecules are not fully exploited as therapeutic agents, causing delays in the advancement of anticancer drug discovery. Viridiflorol is a natural volatile element that may work as anti-cancer compound. We tested the anticancer properties of viridiflorol at different concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 300 μM <i>in vitro</i> on three cancer cells including breast (MCF-7), lung (A549) and brain (Daoy). The cancer cells responses were documented after treatment using MTT and Annexin V assays. Viridiflorol showed cytotoxic effects against all tested cell lines, reducing cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner with variable IC<sub>50</sub> values. Daoy and A549 cell lines were more sensitive to viridiflorol when compared with temozolomide and doxorubicin, respectively. Viridiflorol demonstrated the highest anticancer activity against the Daoy cells with an estimated IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.1 µM followed by MCF-7 at 10 µM, and A549 at 30 µM. In addition, upon exposure to concentrations ranging from 30 µM to 300 µM of viridiflorol, early and late apoptotic cell death was induced in a concentration dependent manner in Daoy (55.8%-72.1%), MCF-7 (36.2%-72.7%) and A459 (35%-98.9%) cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, viridiflorol demonstrates cytotoxic and apoptotic ability in three different cancer cell lines (brain, breast and lung).
Operation and control (2016)

This chapter discusses operation and control aspects related to the system architectures presented in Chapter 7. The basic focus in this chapter is on discussing control strategies that can mitigate stability issues found in systems in which most of the loads have power electronic interfaces that make them operate as CPLs. Another major focus of this chapter is on control systems architecture and methodologies, especially oriented toward autonomous controls. This chapter presents advanced control concepts, including nonlinear and game-theoretic techniques, and concepts related to linear and geometric controllers for converters operation with CPLs.
Enhancing titre and production stability of paenibacillin from Paenibacillus polymyxa by sequential drug resistance screening (2021)

The study will help make paenibacillin available for large-scale testing by interested researchers and industries seeking applications that improve food safety and quality.
A Self‐Assembled Rectangular Host with Terpyridine–Platinum(II) Moieties That Binds Unsubstituted Pentacene in Solution (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 9/2016) (2016)

The cover picture shows a supramolecular host that encapsulates unsubstituted pentacene. Pentacene has attracted much attention as an organic electric material, but it often suffers from its very low solubility. The self-assembled rectangular host shown in the picture has two pairs of terpyridine–platinum(II) moieties aligned parallel to each other and connected by diyne linkers. The host encapsulates the unsubstituted pentacene with a remarkably strong binding constant, and solubilizes it in acetonitrile up to the millimolar level. For the smaller acenes (naphthalene to tetracene), a planar arrangement of two molecules inside the cavity is achieved. Details are discussed in the article by T. Nabeshima et al. on p. 1678 ff.