gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilities and verification of cryptographic protocols and their future in Wireless Body Area Networks (2012)

In network security goals such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation can be achieved using cryptographic techniques. Cryptographic techniques are techniques to hide information from unauthorized persons. The fact is, even when strong cryptographic algorithms and protocols are applied, the security of communication systems cannot be guaranteed [1]. Since cryptographic protocols can contain several types of flaws and vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers, cryptographic verification for suitability is needed to detect all possible flaws and attacks against them. In Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) the cryptographic implementation comes at the expense of performance and power conservation making engineering of security protocols suitable for low powered networks a challenging task. This paper will discuss the possible flaws and attacks on cryptographic protocols, verification methods to detect these flaws and investigate the implementation of these protocols in the WBANs.
Generation of high pretilt angle and surface anchoring strength in nematic liquid crystal on a rubbed polymer surface (1999)

The generation of high pretilt angles in nematic liquid crystal (LC), 4-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), on the rubbed surface of polyimide (PI) containing trifluoromethyl moieties, was investigated. High pretilt angles of 5CB are strongly related to the low surface energy caused more by the existence of trifluoromethyl moieties at low rubbing strength (RS). It is considered that the high pretilt angles of 5CB are most likely due to the van der Waals (VDW) dispersion interactions between the LC molecules and polymer surface having low surface energy. The medium and low pretilt angles at high RS may be caused by the combination of the VDW polymer surface with that of the dispersion and the steric interactions between the LC molecules and the asymmetric triangular structure formed by unidirectional rubbing. Finally, it was found that the polar anchoring strength A of 5CB strongly depended on the surface ordering of the rubbed PI surface containing trifluoromethyl moieties; with A decreasing proportionately with increasing RS.
Overcoming Adversaries in Sensor Networks: A Survey of Theoretical Models and Algorithmic Approaches for Tolerating Malicious Interference (2011)

Interference is an unavoidable property of the wireless communication medium and, in sensor networks, such interference is exacerbated due to the energy-starved nature of the network devices themselves. In the presence of antagonistic interference, reliable communication in sensor networks becomes an extremely challenging problem that, in recent years, has attracted significant attention from the research community. This survey presents the current state of affairs in the formulation of theoretical models for adversarial interference in sensor networks and the different algorithmic remedies developed by the research community. There is a particular focus on jamming adversaries and Byzantine faults as these capture a wide range of benign faults as well as malicious attacks. The models in the literature are examined and contrasted with the aim of discerning the underlying assumptions that dictate analytical bounds with regards to feasibility and a number of performance metrics such as communication complexity, latency, and energy efficiency. Limitations are also highlighted with a focus on how various results impact real world applications and, conversely, how the current sensor network technology informs newer models. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.
Samarium-153-EDTMP biodistribution and dosimetry estimation. (1993)

Fifty-two patients were treated with single doses of 153Sm-EDTMP in a Phase I escalating dose protocol for palliation of bone pain from metastatic prostate carcinoma. Samarium-153 (T1/2 46.3 hr), maximum beta-particle energies 810 keV (20%), 710 keV (30%), 640 keV (50%), gamma photon 103 keV (28%), was complexed to the tetraphosphonate chelate, EDTMP. Five groups of patients were treated at doses of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mCi/kg to evaluate toxicity from treatment. Patients were screened prior to treatment and followed after treatment with 99mTc-MDP bone scans. Biodistribution data on this group of patients were acquired and showed rapid uptake of 153Sm-EDTMP into bone with complete clearance of nonskeletal radiotoxicity by 6-8 hr. Also included are complete sets of dosimetry estimations on an additional seven patients who received 0.5 mCi/kg 153Sm-EDTMP Ca++ as part of a multiple dose therapy trial. Estimated radiation absorbed doses to bone surfaces averaged 25,000 mrad/mCi (6686 Gy/MBq), and urinary bladder doses averaged 3600 mrad/mCi (964 Gy/MBq).
Hollow Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanospheres as Highly Efficient Cooperative Catalysts for [3+3] Cycloaddition Reactions (2014)

Herein we describe a novel, hollow-structured zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8-H) nanosphere as a highly efficient catalyst for [3+3] cycloaddition reactions. The programmed installation of acidic Zn(2+) species and basic imidazolate moieties creates a synergistic catalytic system. Appropriate positioning of these functionalities in the catalytic system makes it possible to bring two substrates into close proximity and activate them cooperatively. Moreover, the flexible shell and the surface mesopores of ZIF-8-H provide the capacity for favorable binding of various sized substrates, stabilizing intermediates via their multiple force networks and the increased accessibility of the active sites. These features render ZIF-8-H a more highly active promoter than its homogeneous precursors, bulk ZIF-8 and ZIF-8-N nanoparticles. Finally, the robust catalyst can be easily recovered and reused 10 times without loss of catalytic activity.
Interactions between cyclosporin A, indomethacin and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2: effects on renal, hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicity in the rat. (1987)

Rats were treated for 3 or 14 days with cyclosporin A (CsA, 50 mg/kg) or indomethacin (2 or 5 mg/kg) either alone or in combination, or with CsA plus 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2, 0.25 mg/kg). Hepatic and renal function were unaffected by treatment with indomethacin at either dose and only at the higher dose was severe intestinal ulceration observed. CsA caused renal and hepatic toxicity, evidenced by increased urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, serum urea, creatinine and bilirubin and decreased serum albumin and total protein. In rats cotreated with CsA and either dose of indomethacin the increases in serum urea and creatinine and decreases in serum albumin and total protein were accentuated, but serum bilirubin was not further increased. Intestinal lesions were present in rats treated for 14 days with CsA plus the lower dose of indomethacin, but not in rats treated with either drug alone. In rats treated with DMPGE2 plus CsA, serum urea and creatinine were normal and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity was reduced compared to rats treated with CsA alone, but DMPGE2 cotreatment had no effect on the CsA induced hyperbilirubinaemia. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity were lower in rats treated with CsA plus indomethacin than in untreated rats or those treated with either drug alone. Coadministration of indomethacin or DMPGE2 had no effect on serum trough CsA levels. The results are interpreted as showing an exacerbation by CsA of the intestinal toxicity of indomethacin, an increase by indomethacin in the renal toxicity of CsA and a protection by DMPGE2 against CsA renal toxicity. Possible mechanisms involving drug interactions and either hepatic cytochrome P-450, renal cyclooxygenase or other renal sites are discussed.
Supersonic interference flow along the corner of intersecting wedges (1966)

Abstract : An experimental investigation of the inviscid supersonic flow field in a corner formed by two intersecting wedges is reported. The study includes measurements of the distribution of the surface pressure and the wave structure of the flow field in the corner region both for a symmetrical corner configuration (e. e., equal wedge angles) in the Mach-number range between 2.5 and 4 and for an asymmetrical model at one Mach number as a function of the incidence angle of one wedge. A clearly identifiable shock structure is discovered that divides the interference field into four zones. The total extent of the disturbance near the surfaces of the model is approximately twice the extent indicated by available small-perturbation analyses. The highest pressure rise occurs in the inner zone near the corner; the magnitude of this rise is related successfully to the second-order linearized theory. The inviscid flow field is shown to involve strong cross-stream pressure and entropy gradients both at the corner proper and away from it, which cannot be disregarded in analyses of the viscous boundary layer. (Author)
Deep-Learning-Based Semantic Labeling for 2D Mammography and Comparison of Complexity for Machine Learning Tasks (2019)

Machine learning has several potential uses in medical imaging for semantic labeling of images to improve radiologist workflow and to triage studies for review. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for automated classification of 2D mammography views, determination of breast laterality, and assessment and of breast tissue density; and (2) compare the performance of DCNNs on these tasks of varying complexity to each other. We obtained 3034 2D-mammographic images from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography, annotated with mammographic view, image laterality, and breast tissue density. These images were used to train a DCNN to classify images for these three tasks. The DCNN trained to classify mammographic view achieved receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 1. The DCNN trained to classify breast image laterality initially misclassified right and left breasts (AUC 0.75); however, after discontinuing horizontal flips during data augmentation, AUC improved to 0.93 (p < 0.0001). Breast density classification proved more difficult, with the DCNN achieving 68% accuracy. Automated semantic labeling of 2D mammography is feasible using DCNNs and can be performed with small datasets. However, automated classification of differences in breast density is more difficult, likely requiring larger datasets.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,3]diazepines by a Dipolar Cycloaddition—retro‐Mannich Domino Reaction. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Proposal of New Auxological Standards for Japanese Girls with Turner Syndrome (2010)

We recently published new reference growth charts for Japanese girls with Turner syndrome (TS) based on the cross-sectional data of 1,447 subjects beyond the secular trend of growth in Japan. This study was undertaken for their validation and, if necessary, modification before general application. For validation, 24 subjects who had data both at younger (≤5 yr) and older ages (≥13 yr) were used. We analyzed the concordance/discordance of their height standard deviation score (SDS) defined by the charts between the two age periods. For modification, the LMS method was used with 5,772 longitudinal measurements obtained both from the previously analyzed subjects and 118 newly recruited subjects who had been followed up at the National Center for Child Health and Development or Toranomon Hospital. Significant and critical discordance (mean difference, 1.95 SDS; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.53-2.36; p<0.0001) was detected in height SDS. This prompted us to perform the modifications. A similar analysis using the modified charts revealed no significant discordance (mean difference, 0.27 SDS; 95%CI: -0.17 - 0.71; p=0.22). They seem more adequate for clinical applications for girls with TS born after 1970. New auxological standards for Japanese girls with TS were proposed.
Development of capillary plate neutron detector filed with liquid scintillator by using recoiled-particle trajectory analyses (2019)

New 14 MeV neutron detector using capillary plate with liquid scintillator has been developed aiming at the triton burn-up study on the deuterium plasma experiment of the Large Helical Device (LHD). A capillary plate with 25 mm in diameter, 10 mm in thickness, and 10 μm pitch honeycomb structure is used as a detector head. The scintillating light trajectory is measured by an Electron-Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) via relay lenses. The trajectories for neutrons and gamma-rays are simulated by the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). Maximum trajectory length is estimated to be 2 mm and 0.1 mm for 14 MeV neutron and 2.45 MeV neutron, respectively. The trajectory of a proton recoiled by a neutron is linear, and the trajectory length depends on the recoiled proton energy. On the other hand, the trajectory of an electron produced by gamma-ray is not straight due to the random walk of the electron in the scintillator. Therefore, we can identify 14 MeV neutrons from 2.45 MeV neutrons and gamma-rays by the trajectory length and the shape. The developed detector was installed in the basement of the LHD torus hall just under the vertical collimator embedded in the floor concrete for the second deuterium plasma campaign of LHD in 2018. We identify trajectory which is considered due to the proton recoiled by14 MeV neutrons on the LHD deuterium discharge.
Is metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu4R a good target to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms? Design and evaluation of potent and selective agonists (2009)

International audience
Quadrant glitch compensation using friction model-based feedforward and an inverse-model-based disturbance observer (2008)

Accurate tracking is essential for machine tools. Both friction forces and cutting forces contribute to positioning and tracking errors. This paper considers contour tracking errors caused by friction forces only. The complex non-linear behaviour of friction at motion reversal causes a unique tracking error known as quadrant glitch. Compensation of quadrant glitches is desired to minimize surface contour error that is visible in circular tracking test. This paper analyzed, simulated and experimentally validated three different friction compensation strategies on a machine tool linear drive: (i) feedforward based on two friction models proposed in the literature, (ii) an inverse- model-based disturbance observer, and (iii) the combination of friction model feedforward and disturbance observer. The considered friction models are a simple static friction model and the recently developed Generalized Maxwell-slip friction model. The combination of feedforward based on the Generalized Maxwell-slip friction model and the disturbance observer yield the smallest tracking error and glitches.
The Role of TURP in the Detection of Prostate Cancer in BPH Patients with Previously Negative Prostate Biopsy (2010)

BPH patients in whom prostate cancer is suspected and who have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with a previously negative TRUS biopsy result can undergo TURP, which results in immediate improvement in bladder outlet obstruction and early diagnosis of clinically significant transition zone prostate cancer.
Synthetic Lethal Compound Combinations Reveal a Fundamental Connection between Wall Teichoic Acid and Peptidoglycan Biosyntheses in Staphylococcus aureus (2010)

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus depends on the production of mecA, which encodes penicillin-binding protein 2A (PBP2A), an acquired peptidoglycan transpeptidase (TP) with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. PBP2A cross-links nascent peptidoglycan when the native TPs are inhibited by β-lactams. Although mecA expression is essential for β-lactam resistance, it is not sufficient. Here we show that blocking the expression of wall teichoic acids (WTAs) by inhibiting the first enzyme in the pathway, TarO, sensitizes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains to β-lactams even though the β-lactam-resistant transpeptidase, PBP2A, is still expressed. The dramatic synergy between TarO inhibitors and β-lactams is noteworthy not simply because strategies to overcome MRSA are desperately needed but because neither TarO nor the activities of the native TPs are essential in MRSA strains. The "synthetic lethality" of inhibiting TarO and the native TPs suggests a functional connection between ongoing WTA expression and peptidoglycan assembly in S. aureus. Indeed, transmission electron microscopy shows that S. aureus cells blocked in WTA synthesis have extensive defects in septation and cell separation, indicating dysregulated cell wall assembly and degradation. Our studies imply that WTAs play a fundamental role in S. aureus cell division and raise the possibility that synthetic lethal compound combinations may have therapeutic utility for overcoming antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Transition-Metal-Free Coupling Reaction of Dithiocarbamates with Indoles: C–S Bond Formation (2018)

A one-pot three-component route for the direct introduction of dithiocarbamates into indoles using a C-H sulfenylation strategy mediated by molecular iodine is disclosed. Various indole derivatives including 1-methylindole, 2-methylindole, 3-methylindole, and 5-substituted indoles were applied successfully in this protocol to afford diverse indole-dithiocarbamates containing the dithiocarbamate group on the position two or three in good to high yields. The reactions do not require transition metals or disulfiram but use an environmentally benign solvent and simple commercially available starting materials.
Convolutional neural networks and multimodal fusion for text aided image classification (2017)

With the exponential growth of web meta-data, exploiting multimodal online sources via standard search engine has become a trend in visual recognition as it effectively alleviates the shortage of training data. However, the web meta-data such as text data is usually not as cooperative as expected due to its unstructured nature. To address this problem, this paper investigates the numerical representation of web text data. We firstly adopt convolutional neural network (CNN) for web text modeling on top of word vectors. Combined with CNN for image, we present a multimodal fusion to maximize the discriminative power of visual and textual modality data for decision level and feature level simultaneously. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves significant improvement in large-scale image classification on Pascal VOC-2007 and VOC-2012 datasets.
Compatibilization effects of SEBS on the charge distribution in LDPE/PS blends (2004)

The compatibilizing effect of the triblock copolymer Poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) on the formation of space charge of immiscible low density polyethylene/polystyrene (LDPE/PS) blends were studied. The amount of charge accumulated in the blends decreased when the SEBS content increased to 20% by weight. Morphology observation showed that on the addition of SEBS, phase size of the dispersed PS particles was significantly reduced and a new layer connecting both phases was observed. Such improved molecular interactions enables charges accumulated at the interface to be transferred through the dispersed phase.
EVALUATING TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS USING MICROSIMULATION: THE CENTRAL ARTERY/TUNNEL INTEGRATED PROJECT CONTROL SYSTEM (IPCS) (1994)

This paper describes the evaluation approach that will be used to assess the performance of the Integrated Project Control System (IPCS) for the Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel project (CA/T) in Boston. The primary objectives of the evaluation are to assess the impact of IPCS control strategies on traffic flow and support the analysis of critical operational procedures. The framework for the evaluation consists of identifying a set of traffic scenarios and performance measures that will test the robustness of the IPCS. The traffic scenarios are designed to capture nominal and worst case conditions that might occur on the CA/T and range of variability in driver behavior. The primary evaluation tool is a microsimulation model that has been developed to integrate IPCS control strategies with models of traffic flow (and CO generation) on the CA/T.
Microfluidic Platform with Serpentine Geometry Providing Chaotic Mixing in Induction Time Experiments (2022)

We present a droplet microfluidic platform mixing the contents of the droplet chaotically in microfluidic induction time measurements, a promising method for quantifying nucleation kinetics with minute amounts of solute. The nucleation kinetics of aqueous potassium chloride droplets dispersed in mineral oil without surfactants is quantified in the presence and absence of chaotic mixing. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed platform to dictate droplet size, to provide a homogeneous temperature distribution, and to chaotically mix the droplet contents. Chaotic mixing in induction time measurements is facilitated by the motion of droplets through serpentine micromixer bends, while the extent of mixing is controlled by how much droplets move. Different nucleation kinetics are observed in experiments where the droplets are static, mixed, and in motion. We hypothesize that the droplet motion induces formation of a thin-liquid Bretherton film surrounding the droplets. The thin film shields droplets from solid boundaries that are more efficient heteronucleant surfaces compared to liquid-liquid interfaces. We observed that repeated microfluidic induction time measurements, particularly with moving droplets, produce significantly distinct cumulative nucleation probability curves, indicating that the measured nucleation kinetics depend strongly on the details of the experimental procedure, which we discuss in detail. Finally, we compare the microfluidic experiments to well-mixed, milliliter volume, turbidity-based measurements in the context of classic nucleation theory.
Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in Louisville Kentucky (2021)

Serological assays intended for diagnosis, sero-epidemiologic assessment, and measurement of protective antibody titers upon infection or vaccination are essential for managing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Serological assays measuring the antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens are readily available. However, some lack appropriate characteristics to accurately measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies titers and neutralization. We developed an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods for measuring IgG, IgA, and IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2, Spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Performance characteristics of sensitivity and specificity have been defined. ELISA results show positive correlation with microneutralization and Plaque Reduction Neutralization assays with infectious SARS-CoV-2. Our ELISA was used to screen healthcare workers in Louisville, KY during the first wave of the local pandemic in the months of May and July 2020. We found a seropositive rate of approximately 1.4% and 2.3%, respectively. Our analyses demonstrate a broad immune response among individuals and suggest some non-RBD specific S IgG and IgA antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2.
Genome sequencing and analysis reveals possible determinants of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage (2008)

Our data suggest that carriage is likely a heterogeneic phenotypic trait and implies a role for nucleotide level polymorphism in carriage. Complete genome level analyses of multiple carriage strains of S. aureus will be important in clarifying molecular determinants of S. aureus nasal carriage.