gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic effect of locally applied Pentoxyfilline gel:in vitroandin vivoevaluations (2014)

The aim of this study was to formulate Pentoxyfylline drug (PTX) as a local bioadhesive Carbopol (Cbp) based gels for the aid of bone induction around an endosseus oral implant. The local delivery of the drug will probably avoid most of the problems associated with its systemic use including; disturbances in gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Two concentrations of 1% and 3% Cbp containing 1% PTX were prepared. The gels were investigated for their physicochemical properties. Cbp based gels were found to be translucent with good homogeneity, uniform distribution of the drug and absence of any lumps. The pH of the gels was within neutrality, 7.1, which is considered to be acceptable to avoid the risk of any possible irritation in the oral cavity. The Cbp gels exhibited satisfactory bioadhesive properties and a pseudo-plastic rheological behavior. Cumulative drug released from the gels showed a controlled-release for more than 24 hours with the order of 3% >1% and the drug was released by diffusion mechanism from both gels. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference in drug content, rheological property and release rate of the stored gels for six months compared to the fresh ones. In vivo experimental results in rabbits have shown significant difference in bone depth induction of 3% and 1% Cbp gels with the formation of strong organized bone over the control group. Local administration of Pentoxifylline could be regarded as a valid approach in the management of osseointegration.
Solid‐phase growth of CuGaS2 crystals (1979)

Abstract Homogenized mixtures of copper, gallium, and sulphur were annealed for 200 hrs. under vacuum at about 1000–1050°C (i.e. below the melting point of the CuGaS 2 phase) in quartz ampoules in a vertical position, and then cooled down in a temperature gradient. The final charge was made up of three well‐defined portions: a yellow polycrystalline CuGaS 2 with large blocks of CuGaS 2 (close to stoichiometry), a black portion with darkgreen aggregates of small CuGaS 2 crystals, and yellow laminae of CuGaS 2 single crystals, slightly inclined away from [112] direction. — A coupled growth mechanism — solidstate‐diffusion‐assisted coalescence/vapour transport — is assumed.
Amphiphilic Super-Wetting Ionic-Liquid-Based Lower Critical Solution Temperature System: Preparation, Characterization, and Excellent Dispersion Performance for Nanostructured Materials (2020)

Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior is a well-known thermo-response and materials with LCST behavior are attractive in nanostructured material applications. However, traditional LCST materials often sacrifice the uptake capacity of nanostructured materials to enable a good phase separation performance due to their inherent contradiction. Here, a novel aqueous LCST system based on a series of nanostructured long-chain carboxylate ionic liquids (LCC-ILs) was designed. The amphiphilic LCC-ILs, with a high density of hydration sites and hydrophobic nanodomains, exhibited sensitive thermoresponsive behavior within a wide LCST temperature (10–80 °C) and a high uptake capacity of nanostructured materials. A recorded high dispersion capacity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), up to 1.3 mg mL–1 was achieved as well as a good dispersion performance for reduced graphene oxide, and metal nanoparaticles. A deep understanding of the nanostructure of the LCST system was further revealed by detailed characterizations.
On Genetic-Fuzzy Data Mining Techniques (2007)

Data mining is commonly used in attempts to induce association rules from transaction data. Most previous studies focused on mining from binary valued data. Transactions in real-world applications, however, usually consist of quantitative values. Designing a sophisticated data-mining algorithm able to deal with various types of data presents a challenge to workers in this research field.
Mapping extended entity relationship model to object modeling technique (1995)

A methodology of reengineering existing extended Entity-Relationship(EER) model to Object Modeling Technique(OMT) model is described. A set of translation rules from EER model to a generic Object-Oriented(OO) model of OMT methodology is devised. Such reengineering practices not only can provide us with significant insight to the "interoperability" between the OO and the traditional semantic modelling techniques, but also can lead us to the development of a practical design methodology for object-oriented databases(OODB).
Supporting service differentiation for real-time and best-effort traffic in stateless wireless ad hoc networks (SWAN) (2002)

We propose SWAN, a stateless network model which uses distributed control algorithms to deliver service differentiation in mobile wireless ad hoc networks in a simple, scalable and robust manner. The proposed architecture is designed to handle both real-time UDP traffic, and best effort UDP and TCP traffic without the need for the introduction and management of per-flow state information in the network. SWAN supports per-hop and end-to-end control algorithms that primarily rely on the efficient operation of TC/IP protocols. In particular, SWAN uses local rate control for best-effort traffic, and sender-based admission control for real-time UDP traffic. Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is used to dynamically regulate admitted real-time sessions in the face of network dynamics brought on by mobility or traffic overload conditions. SWAN does not require the support of a QoS-capable MAC to deliver service differentiation. Rather, real-time services are built using existing best effort wireless MAC technology. Simulation, analysis, and results from an experimental wireless testbed show that real-time applications experience low and stable delays under various multihop, traffic, and mobility conditions.
Small molecule inhibitors uncover synthetic genetic interactions of human flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) with DNA damage response genes (2017)

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure selective endonuclease required for proficient DNA replication and the repair of DNA damage. Cellularly active inhibitors of this enzyme have previously been shown to induce a DNA damage response and, ultimately, cell death. High-throughput screens of human cancer cell-lines identify colorectal and gastric cell-lines with microsatellite instability (MSI) as enriched for cellular sensitivity to N-hydroxyurea series inhibitors of FEN1, but not the PARP inhibitor olaparib or other inhibitors of the DNA damage response. This sensitivity is due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FEN1 and MRE11A, which is often mutated in MSI cancers through instabilities at a poly(T) microsatellite repeat. Disruption of ATM is similarly synthetic lethal with FEN1 inhibition, suggesting that disruption of FEN1 function leads to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. These are likely a result of the accumulation of aberrant replication forks, that accumulate as a consequence of a failure in Okazaki fragment maturation, as inhibition of FEN1 is toxic in cells disrupted for the Fanconi anemia pathway and post-replication repair. Furthermore, RAD51 foci accumulate as a consequence of FEN1 inhibition and the toxicity of FEN1 inhibitors increases in cells disrupted for the homologous recombination pathway, suggesting a role for homologous recombination in the resolution of damage induced by FEN1 inhibition. Finally, FEN1 appears to be required for the repair of damage induced by olaparib and cisplatin within the Fanconi anemia pathway, and may play a role in the repair of damage associated with its own disruption.
Flexible isotropic antenna using a split ring resonator on a thin film substrate (2011)

Isotropic antennas on thin Kapton films have been designed using a small dipole antenna and a split ring resonator (SRR) for 2.4 GHz applications. The size of the designed antenna is 0.24λ × 0.24λ and the electrical size (ka) is 0.75. The antenna has an isotropic radiation pattern and the maximum gain is 1.83dB. If the antenna is attached on a curved surface, the operating frequency increases as the radius of the surface decreases since the electrical length of the antenna decreases. When the radius of the surface is 0.04λ, the volume of the cylindrical antenna is 0.24λ × 0.08λ × 0.08λ and the radiation pattern is still isotropic.
Two decades of statistical language modeling: where do we go from here? (2000)

Statistical language models estimate the distribution of various natural language phenomena for the purpose of speech recognition and other language technologies. Since the first significant model was proposed in 1980, many attempts have been made to improve the state of the art. We review them, point to a few promising directions, and argue for a Bayesian approach to integration of linguistic theories with data.
Automated testing of embedded automotive systems from requirement specification models (2011)

Embedded software for modern automotive and avionic systems is increasingly complex. In early design phases, even when there is still uncertainty about the feasibility of the requirements, valuable information can be gained from models that describe the expected usage and the desired system reaction. The generation of test cases from these models indicates the feasibility of the intended solution and helps to identify scenarios for which the realization is hardly feasible or the intended system behavior is not properly defined. In this paper we present the formalization of requirements by models to simulate the expected field usage of a system. These so called usage models can be enriched by information about the desired system reaction. Thus, they are the basis for all subsequent testing activities: First, they can be used to verify the first implementation models and design decisions w.r.t. the fulfillment of requirements and second, test cases can be derived in a random or statistic manner. The generation can be controlled with operational profiles that describe different classes of field usage. We have applied our approach at a large German car manufacturer in the early development phase of active safety functionalities. Test cases were generated from the usage models to assess the implementation models in MATLAB/Simulink. The parametrization of the systems could be optimized and a faulty transition in the implementation models was revealed. These design and implementation faults had not been discovered with the established test method.
Sloth-NFS and the possibility of using fuzzy control to optimize cache management (2008)

Modern software systems are complex and increasingly vulnerable to malicious attack. In order to apply bug fixes and protect against security weaknesses, workstation administrators must continuously patch operating system and application program installations. To simplify this process, administrators generally configure systems into clusters with common installations of operating systems and application programs in a manner that patches and other routine maintenance can be applied en masse. Two widely used approaches offer complementary advantages: Installations and updates are particularly convenient when all data including operating system and programs is served by traditional centralized network-connected file servers (networked file systems) because administrators need only maintain a single image that is distributed online to all workstations. In contrast, operating systems and application programs can be installed onto disk drives within each workstation. This <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mass</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">replication</i> of common data provides high aggregate bandwidth through parallelism since each disk operates independently. However, in contrast to the network file system approach, it is substantially more difficult to keep a large network of systems up to date when each system has an autonomous installation. Through the aggressive use of cooperative file caching, we expect that sloth-NFS is will provide the advantages of both approaches. In this paper, we discuss the administrative problems with current distribution methods for program and operating system installations, analyze design decisions necessary in Sloth-NFS and present results from an initial simulator experiment.
Effect of Hydrogenation on the Properties of Polybutadiene Rubbers (1962)

Abstract 1. The properties of hydrogenated sodium polybutadienes of various degrees of unsaturation were studied. The tensile strength and relative elongation of the vulcanizates have minimum values when the degree of unsaturation has been decreased by about one half. Elasticity and gas permeability of the vulcanizates decrease and the hardness increases with diminishing unsaturation. The resistance to thermal aging also increases. Order in the polymer chains has a favorable effect on the relative elongation and tensile strength of vulcanizates even if it does not lead to crystallization. The improvement of the freeze resistance of vulcanizates made from hydrogenated sodium polybutadienes is associated with the internal plasticization effect. 2. Studies of the properties of hydrogenated cis -l,4-polybutadienes, which have appreciable crystallinity, showed that vulcanizate elasticity decreases while the hardness increases sharply with decreasing unsaturation. The rise of the glass transition temperature is due to increased rigidity of the polymer chains.
Peer-to-Peer Computing (2002)

The term &amp;quot;peer-to-peer&amp;quot; (P2P) refers to a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized manner. With the pervasive deployment of computers, P2P is increasingly receiving attention in research, product development, and investment circles. This interest ranges from enthusiasm, through hype, to disbelief in its potential. Some of the benefits of a P2P approach include: improving scalability by avoiding dependency on centralized points; eliminating the need for costly infrastructure by enabling direct communication among clients; and enabling resource aggregation.
Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded–Targeted Locus Capture (2023)

Chromosomal rearrangements are important drivers in cancer, and their robust detection is essential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, particularly for bone and soft tissue tumors. Current diagnostic methods are hindered by limitations, including difficulties with multiplexing targets and poor quality of RNA. A novel targeted DNA-based next-generation sequencing method, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded-targeted locus capture (FFPE-TLC), has shown advantages over current diagnostic methods when applied on FFPE lymphomas, including the ability to detect novel rearrangements. We evaluated the utility of FFPE-TLC in bone and soft tissue tumor diagnostics. FFPE-TLC sequencing was successfully applied on noncalcified and decalcified FFPE samples (n = 44) and control samples (n = 19). In total, 58 rearrangements were identified in 40 FFPE tumor samples, including three previously negative samples, and none was identified in the FFPE control samples. In all five discordant cases, FFPE-TLC could identify gene fusions where other methods had failed due to either detection limits or poor sample quality. FFPE-TLC achieved a high specificity and sensitivity (no false positives and negatives). These results indicate that FFPE-TLC is applicable in cancer diagnostics to simultaneously analyze many genes for their involvement in gene fusions. Similar to the observation in lymphomas, FFPE-TLC is a good DNA-based alternative to the conventional methods for detection of rearrangements in bone and soft tissue tumors.
Principles of Solution Thermodynamics: Demonstration of Nonideal Behavior of Henry's Law. An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment (2006)

Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde, HCHO, using the Nash reaction has seen a wide application in both the fields of environmental chemistry and medicine. Our group uses portable Nash systems both to monitor trace levels of HCHO (ppbV, 1/109) present in urban air, as well as measure HCHO in urine, an indicator of bladder cancer. Although several techniques are available for the measurement of HCHO, the rugged nature and reliability of modern, off-the-shelf wet chemical monitoring systems places them ahead of other techniques for several applications. Insightful and practical experiments in physical chemistry for the advanced undergraduate laboratory course are possible with this system. Here we discuss a technique to sample both the gas and the liquid phases of a solution of HCHO(aq), permitting the quick and direct determination of the partition coefficient for a nonideal, solute–solvent mixture. Two scenarios are presented to demonstrate factors that influence this thermodynamic ratio: (i) concentration effects and (ii) temperature effects. The goal of this laboratory exercise is to introduce a commonly used type of HCHO analyzer, and then to apply this knowledge to demonstrate nonideal, biphase thermodynamic equilibrium.
Genetics Of Streptomyces Fradiae And Tylosin Biosynthesis (1988)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Automated Modal Parameter Estimation for Operational Modal Analysis of Large Systems (2007)

In this paper the problems of doing automatic modal parameter extraction and how to account for large number of data to process are considered. Two different approaches for obtaining the modal parameters automatically using OMA are presented: The Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) technique and a correlation-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) technique. Special attention is given to the problem of data reduction, where many sensors are available. Finally, the techniques are demonstrated on real data.
Cell therapy for Huntington's disease (2014)

Early clinical trials of foetal striatal cell transplants in HD patients have shown initial indications of functional response, but the recovery has not (as yet) been shown to be reliable or sustained.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn experimental animals, foetal striatal transplants can integrate into host circuitry and alleviate aspects of motor and cognitive disease, maintaining the prospect for an effective reconstructive cell therapy in HD patients.&#13;\n&#13;\nCell transplantation can also be used for sustained and controlled delivery of neuroprotective and trophic molecules into precise deep brain targets, opening the prospect for alternative strategies to cell therapy which should be seen as complementary, not mutually exclusive.
Sub-Atomic Layer Growth of SiC at Low Temperatures (1995)

Sub-atomic layer growth of SiC has been achieved using diethylsilane ((C 2 H 5 ) 2 SiH 2 ) by resolving elemental kinetics of its chemical vapor deposition. The growth rate of 0.1 monolayer/cycle was obtained over the temperature range between 590°C and 675°C. The detailed growth characteristics, the composition of the grown film, and the surface morphology have been presented. The initial growth and the coverage of the grown film were also investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Continuum of Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Substitutions of Cyclic Acetals (2008)

The effect of nucleophile strength on diastereoselectivity in the nucleophilic substitution of cyclic acetals was explored. Stereoselectivity remained constant and high as nucleophilicity increased until a threshold value was reached. Beyond this point, however, selection of Lewis acid determined whether stereochemical inversion or erosion was observed.
Weight matrices for protein-DNA binding sites from a single co-crystal structure (2006)

Transcription-factor proteins bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression in cells. DNA-binding sites are often identified using weight matrices calculated from multiple known binding sites. However, in many cases the number of examples is limited. Here, we report on an atomistic method that starts from an x-ray co-crystal structure of the protein bound to one particular DNA sequence, and infers other binding sites, which are used to construct a weight matrix. The emphasis of the paper is on using the Wang-Landau Monte Carlo algorithm to efficiently sample high-affinity binding sites, which demonstrates that sampling can produce accurate weight matrices in analogy to bioinformatics approaches. For cases of low complexity, we compare to the exhaustive (but slow) dead-end elimination algorithm. To recover crystal binding sites, it is important to include bound water in the protein-DNA interface. Our approach can, in principle, even be applied when no native protein-DNA co-crystal structure is available, only the structure of a closely related homologous protein whose amino-acid sequence is changed to the protein of interest.
Atrophy of the corpus callosum associated with a decrease in cortical benzodiazepine receptor in large cerebral arterial occlusive diseases (2000)

Corpus callosum atrophy may occur in association with a decrease in cortical BZR binding in large cerebral arterial occlusive diseases. Corpus callosum atrophy with decreased cortical BZR binding might reflect cortical neuronal damage in large cerebral arterial occlusive diseases.
Secret key reconciliation using BCH code in quantum key distribution (2007)

Due to imperfection in quantum key distribution (QKD) an uncorrected secret key transmitted via quantum channel exists at the receiver side. This paper presents an alternative method to recover those quantum key by using BCH codes - a class of error control coding (ECC). Application of BCH codes to source coding with side information is described for quantum key reconciliation. Unlikely to many previous protocols, the proposed scheme aims to reduce public communication with acceptable quantum bit error rate and a number of disclosed bits; therefore, it is suitable to applications of high speed QKD.
Synthesis of ethyl butanoate by a commercial lipase in aqueous media under conditions relevant to cheese ripening (2003)

A fruity flavour note is traditionally regarded as a defect in cheese varieties such as Cheddar (Bills et al. 1965; McGugan et al. 1975; Horwood et al. 1987). However, fruitiness is an attribute of other cheese varieties such as Parmesan and Parmigiano Reggiano (Dumont et al. 1974; Meinhart &amp; Schreier, 1986). It is well accepted that esters such as ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate cause the fruity flavour described as apple-like or pineapple-like in raw milk and cheeses (Bills et al. 1965; Engels et al. 1997; Friedrich &amp; Acree, 1998). The development of fruity flavour is often attributed to the esterification of free fatty acids and ethanol by esterases from lactic acid bacteria and psychrotrophic pseudomonads (Hosono et al. 1974; Morgan, 1976).
Transparent and infrared-reflecting indium-tin-oxide films: quantitative modeling of the optical properties (1985)

A quantitative theoretical model for the radiative performance of heavily n-doped semiconductors is presented. It embraces the combined effects of valence electrons, free electrons, and polar optical phonons. The model is applied to indium-tin-oxide films and is used to compute integrated luminous, solar, and thermal properties. Optimization of film thickness and electron density can yield single uniform coatings on glass with 78% normal solar transmittance and 20% hemispherical thermal emittance.
P alestrina, G iovanni P ierluigi D a (1525–1594) (2011)

Abstract Acknowledged as the greatest Catholic church musician of all time, Palestrina dominated the world of liturgical music in the time of the Counter‐Reformation. Officially upheld as the model for all Catholic composers, his works make up the gold standard which his contemporaries and others have tried to follow.