gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>High-sensitivity optoelectronic system for videoangiography</title> (1994)

This paper describes an improvement in the image system for near infrared videoangiography as compared with a previous intensified TV camera incorporated in a standard fundus camera. The new system uses a cooled CCD camera with 1152 X 770 elements. Because of a very low readout noise and variable time integration, this camera was used at very low light. This avoided the potential hazard to the eye resulting from over exposure and increased the patient's physical comfort during ophthalmic imaging. This paper reports the results of the first phase of the work in which several sequences of ocular fundus images were analyzed.
Shear Induced Reversible Conglomerates of Von Willebrand Factor Networks with Aggregates of Inactivated Platelets - a Fast Switchable Plugging Mechanism (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2104 Thrombus growth rate has been reported to be a linear function of very high shear rates beyond 40,000 s-1 (Ku DN, Bioreology. 2007;44(4):273-84), which are thought to occur in severe arterial stenosis. We therefore applied shear rates continuously increasing from 2,000 s-1 to 40,000 s-1 and examined platelet and von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction in a parallel plate flow chamber under direct visualization. Above a critical threshold of 10,000 to 15,000 s-1 aggregates of inactivated platelets formed when VWF was present in solution and immobilized on the perfused surface (Ruggeri, … Reininger; Blood, 108: 1903–1910, 2006). A new finding was the shear dependent simultaneous formation of VWF strands in and around those platelet aggregates, growing to strands up to several microns thick and up to several tens of microns long, thus forming large VWF networks. Platelets appeared to be enmeshed in the VWF networks but were nevertheless a prerequsite for their formation, mutually fostering each other. Platelet-VWF conglomerates formed at the perfused VWF surface, were constantly rolling in the flow direction, grew in size with increasing shear rate, and were completely reversible below the critical shear rate threshold of 10,000 s-1. VWF networks assembled in whole blood as well as in washed blood cell suspensions reconstituted with VWF. Recombinant full length VWF generated larger VWF networks than a commercial VWF preparation from pooled human plasma. Perfusion of collagen coated surfaces caused assembly of VWF networks anchored to the collagen fibrils and capture of activation-blocked platelets within them at shear rates of 2,000 s-1, leading to residence times of platelet-VWF conglomerates of more than a minute. Newly formed platelet conglomerates could be visualized rolling on the surfaces of already attached conglomerates. When we used a gain of function mutation of VWF, rolling platelet aggregates could be detected at a shear rate as low as 1,500 s-1. We conclude that shear rate activation of VWF leads to reversible platelet-VWF network generation, which may be a crucial mechanism of fast platelet accrual and prolonged arrest times at sites of thrombosis as well as physiological hemostasis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Enhanced solar water-splitting efficiency using core/sheath heterostructure CdS/TiO2nanotube arrays (2007)

A novel fabrication route for core/sheath heterostructure CdS/TiO(2) nanotube arrays is proposed using ac electrodeposition for application in photoelectrochemical cells. The morphologies of the CdS/TiO(2) electrodes, which were prepared by electrochemically depositing CdS directly into anodic titanium nanotubes from an electrolyte containing Cd(2+) and S in dimethyl sulfoxide, were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The deposited material was found to be in a hexagonal CdS structure by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized CdS/TiO(2) electrodes showed much higher photocurrent density in the visible wavelength region than pure TiO(2) nanotube arrays. We demonstrate that ac deposition voltage and time can control the CdS/TiO(2) composite architecture, which is crucial in determining the overall efficiency of the water-splitting reaction. The maximum photocurrent density was obtained with the core/sheath heterostructure CdS/TiO(2) nanotube arrays, which were fabricated by deposition of CdS at 5 V for 30 min with 2.5 microm tube length.
Using Dynamic Time Warping for Intuitive Handwriting Recognition (2005)

Abstract. This paper discusses the use of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) for visually perceptive and intuitive character recognition. In particular in forensic document examination, techniques are required that yield results matching a human user’s expectations. In our approach, the goal is to retrieve a set of best matching allographic prototypes based on a query input character. Since DTW compares each pair of closest points from two trajectories, our assumption is that it may resemble most of the pair-wise coordinate comparisons employed by humans. In order to assess our ideas, we have set up a human factors experiment in which two variants of DTW are compared to a state-ofthe-art character classifier, HCLUS. A number of 25 subjects judged the recognition results of these three classifiers for 130 queries. As a result, one particular implementation of DTW was significantly rated as the best system. Future research will combine these promising new findings with techniques that employ other distinctive features like those used by human experts. This research is embedded in the Dutch TRIGRAPH project, which pursues the design of forensic document examination techniques based on expert knowledge. 1.
HUMAN RE-IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DISTANCE METRIC LEARNING BASED ON JENSEN-SHANNON KERNEL (2012)

Human re-identification, i. e., human identification across cameras without an overlapping view, has important applications in video surveillance. The problem is very challenging due to color and illumination variations among cameras as well as the pose variations of people. Assuming that the color of human clothing does not change quickly, previous work relied on color histogram matching of clothing. However, naive color histogram matching across camera network is not robust enough for human re-identification. Therefore, we learned an optimal distance metric between color histograms using a training dataset. The Jensen-Shannon kernel is proposed to learn nonlinear distance metrics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experimental results.
Contact materials for microrelays (2002)

The design of a microrelay actuator has to be based on the characteristic data of the contact material used. These data were determined experimentally at Au, AuNi5 and Rh switching electric contacts. The samples were cleaned with good result using the "Schaltreinigung" procedure. A new precision measurement technique was developed that enables investigations of electric contacts at contact forces varying continuously in the range from 0.1 mN to more than 10 mN. It was found that AuNi5 and Rh are contact materials well suited for microrelays, whereas Au is not appropriate due to its high adherence. Stable contact and reliable opening are provided by forces altogether as low as 0.6 mN. The experimental data were used successfully in dimensioning the moving wedge actuator used in silicon microrelays.
Polarization stabilizer using a polarization splitter and a thermooptic polymer waveguide device (1998)

For the stabilization of the time-varying light polarization in the optical fiber, we demonstrates a polarization stabilizer by using a fiber-optic polarization splitter, a passive polarization converter, and a power equalizing waveguide device. Because the ratio of the output light power from the polarization splitter is time-varying depending on the input polarization, we adopt a power equalizer consisting of a polymeric thermooptic (TO) phase modulator and an asymmetric X-junction waveguide. A feedback signal is obtained from the difference of the two outputs of the power equalizer. Then it is applied to the TO phase modulator. The output power is stabilized with the TE polarization independent of the time-varying polarization state of the input light.
Concise Review: Applying Stem Cell Biology to Vascular Structures (2012)

The vasculature, an organ that penetrates every other organ, is ideally poised to be the site where pools of stem cells are placed, to be deployed and committed in response to feedback regulation, and to respond to demands for new vascular structures. These pools of multipotent cells are often under the regulation of various members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, including the bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists. Regulation of stem cell populations affects their recruitment, differentiation, spatial organization, and their coordination with host tissue. Loss and dysregulation of feedback control cause a variety of diseases that involve ectopic tissue formation, including atherosclerotic lesion formation and calcification, diabetic vasculopathies, and arteriovenous malformations.
SiO2 film formation by CO2 laser PVD with O2 feeding (1990)

We have developed a manufacturing system which is capable of forming SiO2 thin films at a rate as high as 1 μm/min by CO2 laser evaporation. The system is equipped with a nozzle with an orifice slightly larger than the beam diameter. Oxygen is introduced into the nozzle and ejected through the orifice to suppress the deposition of the evaporated material on the ZnSe optical window for the laser beam. By feeding only several sccm of oxygen it is possible to continue the film forming process for up to 200 hours. Oxygen feeding is also effective in improving the adhesion strength of SiO2 thin films formed on stainless steel plates. The substrate temperature to obtain an adhesion strength of more than 50 MPa was lowered from 650K to 470K by oxygen feeding.
Measurement of in-situ strength using projectile penetration: Tests of a new launching system (1987)

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has a continuing need to measure rock strength in situ, both for simple prediction of cavity size, and as input to computational models. In a previous report we compared two methods for measuring formation strength in situ: projectile penetration and a cone penetrometer. We determined that the projectile method was more promising for application to our large-diameter (2-4-m) hole environment. A major practical problem has been the development of a launcher and an apparatus for measuring depth of penetration that would be suitable for use in large-diameter holes. We are developing a gas-gun launcher system that will be capable of measuring both depth of penetration and deceleration of a reusable projectile. The current version of the launcher is trailer-mounted for testing at our Nevada Test Site (NTS) in tunnels and outcrops, but its design is such that it can be readily adapted for emplacement hole use. We test the current launcher on 60-cm cubes of gypsum cement, mixed to provie a range of densities (1.64 to 2.0 g/cc) and strengths (3 to 17 MPa). We compared depth of penetration of a 84-g projectile from a ''Betsy'' seismic gun - traveling on the order of 500more » m/s - with the depth of penetration of a 13-kg projectile from the gas gun - traveling on the order of 30 m/s. For projectiles with the same nose size and shape, impacting targets of approximately constant strength, penetration depth was proportional to projectile kinetic energy. The ratio of kinetic energy to penetration depth was approximately proportional to target strength. Tests in tuffs with a wide range of strengths at NTS gave a similar linear relationship between the ratio of kinetic energy to penetration and target strength, and also a linear relationship between deceleration and strength. It appears that penetration can indeed be used as a semiquantitative measure of strength.« less
The curvelet representation of wave propagators is optimally sparse (2005)

Abstract This paper argues that curvelets provide a powerful tool for representing very general linear symmetric systems of hyperbolic differential equations. Curvelets are a recently developed multiscale system [7, 9] in which the elements are highly anisotropic at fine scales, with effective support shaped according to the parabolic scaling principle width ≈ length 2 at fine scales. We prove that for a wide class of linear hyperbolic differential equations, the curvelet representation of the solution operator is both optimally sparse and well organized. It is sparse in the sense that the matrix entries decay nearly exponentially fast (i.e., faster than any negative polynomial) and well organized in the sense that the very few nonnegligible entries occur near a few shifted diagonals. Indeed, we show that the wave group maps each curvelet onto a sum of curveletlike waveforms whose locations and orientations are obtained by following the different Hamiltonian flows—hence the diagonal shifts in the curvelet representation. A physical interpretation of this result is that curvelets may be viewed as coherent waveforms with enough frequency localization so that they behave like waves but at the same time, with enough spatial localization so that they simultaneously behave like particles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Systemic Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Externa: Impact of a Clinical Practice Guideline (2018)

Publication of an AOE clinical guideline did not lead to a decline in systemic antibiotic therapy as initial AOE treatment. Additional efforts will be needed to curb systemic antibiotic treatment for AOE.
Use of Sheath Heiix Slow-wave Structure as an Applicator in Microwave Heating Systems (1981)

This paper concerns a theoretical study of using the sheath helix slow-wave structure, surrounded by a conducting tube, as an applicator in microwave heating systems of dielectric filamentary materials. Analysis is made, in detail, for wave propagation through this structure. Variations of attenuation coefficient and specific power absorption, due to dielectric polarization, with applicator geometry, are investigated. Numerical example is given comparing heating efficiency of sheath helix applicator and that of travelling-wave circular waveguide applicator.
Cavity-Mediated Hybridization of Bright and Dark Excitons in an Ultrastrongly Coupled Carbon Nanotube Microcavity (2021)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal materials for studying strong light–matter coupling and related polaritonic phenomena at room temperature. SWCNTs possess strong, relatively narrow, optical absorption features arising from bright and dark exciton states, with the latter brightened by vibrational transitions in some cases. We show here that a strong light–matter interaction allows for the hybridization of the bright as well as the K-momentum dark exciton states of SWCNTs in an optical microcavity, mediated by a common cavity photon and exciton–phonon coupling. This hybridization is achieved in optically dense films of chirality-purified (6,5) SWCNTs integrated into microcavities via a lamination approach. Measured polariton dispersions are fit to a three-level Hopfield Hamiltonian model, evidencing high coupling strengths of g1 as large as 230 meV between bright excitons and cavity photons (which would correspond to a Rabi splitting Ω1 = 2g1 = 460 meV in the absence of the second oscillator) and g2 as large as 100 meV for phonon-brightened K-momentum dark excitons and cavity photons. In addition, photoluminescence is observed from the lower polariton branch with a full width at half-maximum of only 30 meV.
A similarity-based probability model for latent semantic indexing (1999)

A dual probability model is constructed for the Latent Semantic Indexing LSI using the cosine similarity measure. Both the document-document similarity matrix and the term-term similarity matrix naturally arise from the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters, and the optimal solutions are the latent semantic vectors of of LSI. Dimensionality reduction is justi ed by the statistical signi cance of latent semantic vectors as measured by the likelihood of the model. This leads to a statistical criterion for the optimal semantic dimensions, answering a critical open question in LSI with practical importance. Thus the model establishes a statistical framework for LSI. Ambiguities related to statistical modeling of LSI are clari ed.
RstA Is a Major Regulator of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Production and Motility (2019)

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) is a toxin-mediated diarrheal disease. Several factors have been identified that influence the production of the two major <i>C. difficile</i> toxins, TcdA and TcdB, but prior published evidence suggested that additional unknown factors were involved in toxin regulation. Previously, we identified a <i>C. difficile</i> regulator, RstA, that promotes sporulation and represses motility and toxin production. We observed that the predicted DNA-binding domain of RstA was required for RstA-dependent repression of toxin genes, motility genes, and <i>rstA</i> transcription. In this study, we further investigated the regulation of toxin and motility gene expression by RstA. DNA pulldown assays confirmed that RstA directly binds the <i>rstA</i> promoter via the predicted DNA-binding domain. Through mutational analysis of the <i>rstA</i> promoter, we identified several nucleotides that are important for RstA-dependent transcriptional regulation. Further, we observed that RstA directly binds and regulates the promoters of the toxin genes <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i>, as well as the promoters for the <i>sigD</i> and <i>tcdR</i> genes, which encode regulators of toxin gene expression. Complementation analyses with the <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> RstA ortholog and a multispecies chimeric RstA protein revealed that the <i>C. difficile</i> C-terminal domain is required for RstA DNA-binding activity, suggesting that species-specific signaling controls RstA function. Our data demonstrate that RstA is a transcriptional repressor that autoregulates its own expression and directly inhibits transcription of the two toxin genes and two positive toxin regulators, thereby acting at multiple regulatory points to control toxin production.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> is an anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen of humans and other mammals. <i>C. difficile</i> produces two major toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which cause the symptoms of the disease, and forms dormant endospores to survive the aerobic environment outside the host. A recently discovered regulatory factor, RstA, inhibits toxin production and positively influences spore formation. Herein, we determine that RstA directly binds its own promoter DNA to repress its own gene transcription. In addition, our data demonstrate that RstA directly represses toxin gene expression and gene expression of two toxin gene activators, TcdR and SigD, creating a complex regulatory network to tightly control toxin production. This study provides a novel regulatory link between <i>C. difficile</i> sporulation and toxin production. Further, our data suggest that <i>C. difficile</i> toxin production is regulated through a direct, species-specific sensing mechanism.
New CMOS OTA for fully integrated continuous-time circuit applications (1989)

A new CMOS circuit is proposed for implementing an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on the square-law characteristic of MOS transistors biased in saturation. Simulation results show that a total harmonic distortion of the output current smaller than 1% for differential input signals up to 3.8 Vpp and supply voltages of ± 5 V can be obtained.
Amide-Directed Ru-Catalyzed Hydrodemethoxylation of ortho-Methoxy-Benzamides and -Naphthamides: A DoM Reaction Counterpart (2018)

A new ruthenium-catalyzed hydrodemethoxylation of ortho-methoxy-benzamides and -naphthamides involving amide-directed C-OMe bond activation and hydride reduction is disclosed. The reaction is general, proceeding under RuH<sub>2</sub>(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> catalysis using either triethylsilane (Et<sub>3</sub>SiH) or diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) as the reductant. The corresponding C-N hydrodeamination reaction is also briefly reported.
In Situ Nanoscale Studies of Liquid Polymerization Reactions in the Manufacture of Polyamides and.Combinatorial Catalysis (2001)

Abstract Low temperature heterogeneous catalytic routes for polymers are of considerable interest in the chemical sciences and technology because they are economical and environmentally beneficial. However such routes have been difficult because of an incomplete understanding of process control and low yields. Currently, hydrogenation of aliphatic dintriles in solvents is used in the chemical industry to manufacture the corresponding diamenes which are subsequently reacted with adipic acid solutions and polymerized to produce the polyamide, nylon (6,6). Here we report an alternative, low temperature heterogeneous catalytic process for the polymerization reactions using novel environmental-HRTEM (EHREM) in liquid environments. EHREM under simulated reaction conditions provides direct, in situ real-time information on the dynamic structural and chemical changes and reaction modes of operation. We prepared high surface area heterogeneous catalysts including cobalt-ruthenium nanoclusters supported on rutile titania using a single step sol-gel technique, (shown in Fig. 1).
Optimal Bidding in Performance-Based Regulation Markets: An MPEC Analysis With System Dynamics (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of optimal bidding in performance-based regulation markets for a large price-maker regulation resource. Focusing on the case of the California Independent System Operator (ISO), detailed market components are considered, such as regulation capacity payment, regulation mileage payment, performance accuracy adjustment, automatic generation control dispatch, and participation factor. Our analysis also incorporates system dynamics of the regulation resource for different resource types and technologies. In principle, our problem formulation is a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). However, our fundamentally new formulations introduce several new challenges in solving the MPEC problem in the context of performance-based regulation markets that are not previously addressed. In fact, global optimization techniques fail to solve the original nonlinear program due to its complexity. Therefore, we undergo several innovative steps to transform the problem into a mixed-integer linear program which is solved with accuracy, reliability, and computational efficiency. Insightful case studies are presented using data from a California ISO regulation market project.
Klinefelter syndrome. (2005)

To complement the 2005 Annual Clinical Focus on medical genomics, AFP is publishing a series of short reviews on genetic syndromes. This series was designed to increase awareness of these diseases so that family physicians can recognize and diagnose children with these disorders and understand the kind of care they might require in the future. This review discusses Klinefelter syndrome.