gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity (2021)

The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens, food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into the body. Disruption of the epithelial barrier increases intestinal permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports have suggested that LGS contributes to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. Furthermore, the gut commensal microbiota plays a critical role in regulating host immunity; abnormalities of the microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are observed in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, the pathological links among intestinal dysbiosis, LGS, and autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the current understanding of how commensal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by modifying the epithelial barrier.
Porter, Michael E. (Born 1947) (2016)

Michael Porter's early interpretations of research findings from industrial organization economics transformed how the world thinks about strategy. Subsequent publications offered original frameworks and prescriptions for improving corporate as well as national economic performance.
Theoretical Study of a Termolecular Mechanism for the Reaction of (Trimethylsilyl)thiazole with Carbonyl Compounds (1996)

The mechanism of the addition of 2-silylthiazole to formaldehyde has been studied by ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-31+G*//6-31G* level. The reaction is predicted to occur by the concerted formation of an N-[(silyloxy)methyl]thiazolium-2-ylide intermediate followed by nucleophilic addition of the intermediate to another formaldehyde molecule. Loss of the first formaldehyde gives the addition product. An alternative mechanism involving 1,2-migration of the ylide to form 2-[(silyloxy)methyl]thiazole is prevented because of the high activation energy of the 1,2-shift. A third mechanistic alternative involving the formation of an N-silylthiazolium-2-ylide through 1,2-silyl migration is also discounted due to a high activation energy.
Absolute measurement of spatial and spectral characteristics of bremsstrahlung using the photoexcitation of nuclear isomers (1993)

A method of obtaining absolute, direct measurements of the spatial and spectral characteristics of bremsstrahlung is discussed. This technique, called x-ray activation of nuclei (XAN) is based on the use of well-known photonuclear reactions which populate long-lived nuclear isomers. These populations sample incident photon continua at discrete excitation energies and effectively store this information for convenient retrieval following the irradiation of gram-sized targets. Recently a series of experiments has been conducted which has significantly expanded the available data for the photoexcitation of a wide range of isomers at higher energies. Thus it has become feasible to extend the use of XAN to energies approaching 4 MeV. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by the characterization of bremsstrahlung from the newly installed research linac at the University of Texas at Dallas.
Supplementary Figure 2 from HDM2 Regulation by AURKA Promotes Cell Survival in Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 1423K, AURKA regulates HDM2 through an AKT-independent mechanism&lt;/p&gt;
Genetic epidemiology and heterogeneity of Campylobacter spp. (2017)

Initially, this work examines clinical Campylobacter isolates obtained from a single health trust site in Nottingham. These results reveal novel sequence types, and identified a previously undescribed peak in incidence that is observable across national data. By utilising a read mapping approach in combination with existing comparative methods, the first instance of case linkage between sporadic clinical isolates was demonstrated. This dataset also revealed an instance of repeat patient sampling, with the resulting isolates showing a marked level of diversity. This generated questions as to whether the diversity that Campylobacter exhibits can be resolved to an intra-population level.&#13;\n &#13;\nTo study this further, isolates from the dominant clinical lineage – C. jejuni ST-21 – were analysed using a deep sequencing methodology. These results reveal a number of minor allele variations in chemotaxis, membrane and flagellar associated loci, which are hypothesised to undergo variation in response to selective pressures in the human gut. In an expansion of this work, additional datasets were generated to include other clinically relevant CC's, including the C. coli lineage ST-828. These results revealed a similar pattern of diversity, with common loci identified as undergoing variation in multiple samples, and in some instances the same amino acid residue. In general, ST-21 isolates exhibited more non-synonymous mutations, distributed across fewer loci, suggesting that this lineage may have a repertoire of alleles that ismore adapted to the human host.&#13;\n &#13;\nTo investigate whether the observed diversity is generated during infection, or is maintained from a diverse infectious source, isolates from fresh retail chicken were analysed. These samples revealed a marked decrease in overall diversity, as well as differences in the functions of variable loci. These results show that infections occurring from the consumption of retail chicken (the largest single source of campylobacteriosis) arise from genetically uniform populations, and that the diversity observed in clinical cases is generated within - and furthermore may be specific to - the human host.
Post-Diarrhea Chronic Intestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in North American Travelers to Mexico (2004)

Chronic gastrointestinal complaints including IBS are common in returning travelers having experienced diarrhea. Postinfectious complications of traveler's diarrhea require further study for etiology and strategy for prevention.
Transmission of substituent effects via molecular lines of force: defense of the DSP method and an illustration of its use in explaining .pi. polarization (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransmission of substituent effects via molecular lines of force: defense of the DSP method and an illustration of its use in explaining .pi. polarizationDavid J. Craik, Robert T. C. Brownlee, and Maruse SadekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 4, 657–661Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00343a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00343a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solutions to Pentium@ Processors in Notebooks and Su otebooks (1996)

In this paper, we will review the various thermal enhancements from the component, board, and system level for the use of the Pentium@ processor in tape carrier package (TCP) in notebooks and sub-notebooks. The thermal tests were conducted in one reference notebook and sub-notebook using test boards and thermal test dies. With the assumption of a maximum junction temperature of 100 C and an outside ambient temperature of 35 C, thermal characterizations of TCP found that with 4 W of board power, TCP can dissipate up to 3.55 W of CPU povver in the reference notebook and 2.72 Win the reference sub-notebook. Various thermal enhancements such as venting holes, metal plates, and heat sinks were evaluated in the reference notebook. For the design target of 6.5 W of CPU power with 4 W of board power, four thermal solutions were proposed for the reference notebook: The heat sink and aluminum plate solution, heat pipe connected to the keyboard solution, heat pipe connected to outside aluminum plate solution, and fanlheat sink solution. Two solutions were proposed for the reference sub-notebook: The heat pipe connected to keyboard solution and heat pipe on the bottom chassis solution. Although the study was conducted in the reference notebook and sub-notebook, the thermal design trade offs and relative cooling capabilities are applicable to the general notebook and sub-notebook thermal designs.
Interfacial effects on local deformation mechanisms in glass bead-filled glassy polymers (1986)

The system of a glass bead embedded in a glassy polymer matrix is very suitable for studying microscopic deformation mechanisms initiated at stress concentrators. The interfacial effects apply not only to polymers filled with rigid particles but also to polymers filled with fibers. [on SciFinder (R)]
Direct manipulation of user interfaces for migration (2006)

From a topological model of a working environment, MigriXML automatically generates a virtual reality environment for controlling the run-time migration of a graphical user interface from one computing platform to another one (e.g., from a desktop to a pocket computer), from one interaction surface to another (e.g., from a laptop to a wall screen) at run-time. For this purpose, any user interface subject to migration is described in USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language regarding its look & feel as well as the platforms and the surfaces involved in the migration. Each interface, in part or in whole, can be attached to a platform or a surface, detached from it, and migrated across platforms or interaction surfaces. Instead of communicating data and code during the migration, the description of the user interface of concern is wirelessly passed from one platform to another one to be regenerated on the target platform. To ensure a continuous control of the run-time migration, MigriXML automatically generates a world model representing the context of use where the source/target platforms/interaction surfaces are represented. Finally, migrating a user interface becomes as natural as its direct manipulation from one platform to another exactly in the same way as it is done on a single platform.
Biodegradation of ozonated atrazine as a wastewater disposal system (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiodegradation of ozonated atrazine as a wastewater disposal systemPhilip C. Kearney, Mark T. Muldoon, Cathleen J. Somich, John M. Ruth, and Denys J. VoadenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 6, 1301–1306Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00084a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stochastic Non-homogeneous Arnoldi Method for Analysis of On-Chip Power Grid Networks under Process Variations (2011)

In this paper, a Stochastic Non-Homogeneous ARnoldi (SNHAR) method is proposed for the analysis of the on-chip power grid networks in the presence of process variations. In SNHAR method, the polynomial chaos based stochastic method is employed to handle the variations of power grids. Different from the existing StoEKS method which uses extended Krylov Subspace (EKS) method to compute the coefficients of the polynomial chaos, a computation-efficient and numerically stable Non-Homogeneous ARnoldi (NHAR) method is employed in SNHAR method to compute the coefficients of the polynomial chaos. Compared with EKS method, NHAR method has superior numerical stability and can achieve remarkably higher accuracy with even lower computational cost. As a result, SNHAR can capture the stochastic characteristics of the on-chip power grid networks with higher accuracy, but even lower computational cost than StoEKS.
Choosing and using consultants for quality programmes - opening address (1999)

The author explains briefly how the Institute of Management Consultants (IMC) have changed their qualification. Until recently, the basic level of qualification was full corporate membership of the Institute (MIMC). Below that were Affiliate and Associate and above it was Fellowship. Lurking in the background was the Certified Management Consultant designation (CMC), the common standard of the member institutes of the International Council of Management Consulting Institutes and, from 1993, Members and Fellows of IMC were encouraged to add CMC to the list of letters after their name. What they have now done is separate membership from qualification and CMC is now the basic standard of professional competence with Fellow Grade (FCMC) above it. The process of attaining CMC is now more rigorous and more transparent.
Association Between Indoxyl Sulfate and Skeletal Resistance in Hemodialysis Patients (2010)

Skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in uremia is known, although the mechanism of resistance is not fully elucidated. To clarify the roles of indoxyl sulfate, which is a uremic toxin, in skeletal resistance, we examined the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and biochemical markers of bone turnover in hemodialysis patients. We obtained blood samples from 47 hemodialysis patients and measured serum indoxyl sulfate, intact PTH, oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and various biochemical markers. The serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were used as bone formation markers, and the concentration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) was used as a bone resorption marker. Serum indoxyl sulfate levels were much higher in hemodialysis patients than healthy subjects. Multiple regression analysis shows that indoxyl sulfate correlated negatively with ALP (beta = -1.897, P = 0.042) and BAP (beta = -0.310, P = 0.029), independent of intact PTH; however, indoxyl sulfate did not correlate with TRACP-5b or 8-OHdG. These findings suggest that indoxyl sulfate may relate skeletal resistance to PTH in uremia.
Cutting Edge: Cytosolic Bacterial DNA Activates the Inflammasome via Aim2 (2010)

Pathogens are detected by pattern recognition receptors that, upon activation, orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The TLRs and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are prototypic pattern recognition receptors that detect extracellular and cytosolic pathogens, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes has both extracellular and cytosolic phases and is detected in the cytosol by members of the NLR family. These include two NLR members, NLRC4 and NLRP3, that, upon detection of cytosolic L. monocytogenes, induce the assembly of the inflammasome. Inflammasomes serve as platforms for the activation of the protease caspase 1, which mediates the processing and secretion of pro-IL-1beta and pro-IL-18. We previously provided evidence that L. monocytogenes is also detected by a third inflammasome. We now use biochemical and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the third detector senses bacterial DNA and identify it as Aim2, a receptor that has previously been shown to detect viral DNA.
Microglial signalling pathway deficits associated with the R47H TREM2 variant linked to AD indicate inability to activate inflammasome (2020)

Abstract The R47H variant of the microglial membrane receptor TREM2 is linked to increased risk of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived microglia (iPS-Mg) from patient iPSC lines expressing the AD-linked R47H het TREM2 variant, common variant (Cv) or an R47H hom CRISPR edited line and its isogeneic control, demonstrated that R47H-expressing iPS-Mg expressed a deficit in signal transduction in response to the TREM2 endogenous ligand phosphatidylserine with reduced pSYK-pERK1/2 signalling and a reduced NLRP3 inflammasome response, (including ASC speck formation, Caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta secretion). Apoptotic cell phagocytosis and soluble TREM2 shedding were unaltered, suggesting a disjoint between these pathways and the signalling cascades downstream of TREM2 in R47H-expressing iPS-Mg, whilst metabolic deficits in glycolytic capacity and maximum respiration were reversed when R47H expressing iPS-Mg were exposed to PS+ expressing cells. These findings suggest that R47H-expressing microglia are unable to respond fully to cell damage signals such as phosphatidylserine, which may contribute to the progression of neurodegeneration in late-onset AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of (+)‐Ribasine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth morphology of electroplated copper: effect of seed material and current density (2002)

The growth of electroplated Cu films has been studied as a function of seed material and current density. Cu films were electroplated on a thin seed layer of Cu or W material using current densities of 0.10 and 0.16 A/cm/sup 2/. For W seed layers, Cu grains were nucleated irregularly with massive grain growth, and smaller grains coalesced into larger ones to further build up the electroplated Cu film. The Cu film growth morphology on the Cu seed layer was found to be different. Cu clusters were uniformly formed all over the Cu surfaces, which suggests the absence of preferential nucleation. Subsequent grain growth was similar to that on the W seed layer. The Cu grain growth showed strong dependency on the seed material grain size.
Artificial Intelligence for a Reduction of False Denials in Refugee Claims (2021)

Abstract Deciding refugee claims is a paradigm case of an inherently uncertain judgment and prediction exercise. Yet refugee status decision-makers may underestimate the uncertainty inherent in their decisions. A feature of recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability to make uncertainty visible. By making clear to refugee status decision-makers how uncertain their predictions are, AI and related statistical tools could help to reduce their confidence in their conclusions. Currently, this would only hurt claimants, since many countries around the world have designed their refugee status determination systems using inductive inference which distorts risk assessment. Increasing uncertainty would therefore contribute to mistaken rejections. If, however, international refugee law was to recognize an obligation under the UN Convention to resolve decision-making doubt in the claimant’s favour and use abductive inference, as Evans Cameron has advocated, then by making uncertainty visible, AI could help reduce the number of wrong denied claims.
Stimulation of Lipid Extraction Efficiency from Sewage Sludge for Biodiesel Production through Hydrothermal Pretreatment (2020)

In this study, two types of sewage sludge (primary sludge and waste activated sludge) were hydrothermally treated at 125–250 °C to enhance the lipid extraction efficiency and obtain a higher biodiesel yield. The enhanced efficiency of the lipid extraction method was compared with the efficiency of the organic solvent extraction method. The results confirmed that a hydrothermal reaction could be an appropriate option for disrupting sludge cell walls and increasing the lipid extraction from sewage sludge. The highest lipid recovery efficiency was observed at 200 °C, and the lipid recovery efficiency of primary sludge and waste activated sludge increased from 7.56% and 5.35% to 14.01% and 11.55% by weight, respectively. Furthermore, transesterified lipids, such as biodiesel from sewage sludge, mostly consist of C16 and C18 methyl esters, and have features similar to those of jatropha oil-based biodiesel. During the hydrothermal treatment, the carbon content in the sludge decreased as the carbon transformed into lipids and the lipids were extracted. The volatile matter and fixed carbon content in the solid residue decreased and increased, respectively, through chemical dehydration and decarboxylation reactions under hydrothermal reaction conditions.
Toward the ultimate synthesis/recognition system. (1995)

This paper predicts speech synthesis, speech recognition, and speaker recognition technology for the year 2001, and it describes the most important research problems to be solved in order to arrive at these ultimate synthesis and recognition systems. The problems for speech synthesis include natural and intelligible voice production, prosody control based on meaning, capability of controlling synthesized voice quality and choosing individual speaking style, multilingual and multidialectal synthesis, choice of application-oriented speaking styles, capability of adding emotion, and synthesis from concepts. The problems for speech recognition include robust recognition against speech variations, adaptation/normalization to variations due to environmental conditions and speakers, automatic knowledge acquisition for acoustic and linguistic modeling, spontaneous speech recognition, naturalness and ease of human-machine interaction, and recognition of emotion. The problems for speaker recognition are similar to those for speech recognition. The research topics related to all these techniques include the use of articulatory and perceptual constraints and evaluation methods for measuring the quality of technology and systems.
Abrasion and Erosion of WC-Co with Controlled Microstructures (1990)

The influence of microstructure on room-temperature abrasive and erosive wear resistance of selected WC-Co materials was examined. Cermets containing 6 and 12 w/o Co were processed under controlled conditions to produce materials with three WC grain sizes: fine—0.8 μm; medium—1.4 μm; or coarse—2.7 μm. The hardness, fracture toughness and microstructural parameters of the resulting six grades were determined. Diamond abrasive wear tests showed that the wear resistance of these WC-Co materials to abrasion depends more strongly on the WC grain size than on the cobalt content, while the wear resistance to Al2O3-particle gas-jet erosion shows a strong dependence on the cobalt content and less on WC pain size.