gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive-Sequence Phasor Modeling of Droop-Controlled, Grid-Forming Inverters with Fault Current Limiting Function (2022)

Traditional positive-sequence phasor models of droop-controlled, grid-forming inverters do not have the fault current limiting function. During a short-circuit fault the models generate unrealistic high fault currents making the simulation results less practical. This paper develops a fault current limiting function for the positive-sequence phasor model of droop-controlled, grid-forming inverters, which can effectively limit the inverter output current at the predefined maximum during faults. A user-written model has been developed for the commercially available software Siemens/PTI PSS/E. Fault studies on a modified IEEE 39-bus system with all grid-forming inverters verify the effectiveness of the developed fault current limiting function. The proposed model can be used to evaluate how the limited fault currents of droop-controlled, grid-forming inverters impact the bulk power system transient stability under fault conditions.
Immunological Issues in Rodent and Primate Transplants (Allografts) (1998)

The immune system is an extraordinary complex organ, with many diverse functions, a major one being to defend against invading organisms. The immune system consists of an innate and adoptive part. The innate immune system is part of the unspecific inflammatory defense responses, and includes the complement, bradykinin, and opsonization cascades, with cellular mediators such as neutrophiles, basophiles, eosinophiles, NK cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The adoptive part of the immune system has a capacity to distinguish between self and nonself. It can generate specific defense responses against nonself structures and a memory of this immune response. The cellular mediators are B- and T-lymphocytes. The adoptive and the innate system interact, for example, in the process of antigen presentation.KeywordsMajor Histocompatibility ComplexGraft SurvivalDonor TissueMajor Histocompatibility Complex MoleculeMajor Histocompatibility Complex AntigenThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
First-pass effect in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion undergoing thrombectomy: insights from the PERSIST registry (2022)

URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.
Lack of dissemination of acquired resistance to β‐lactams in small wild mammals around an isolated village in the A mazonian forest (2015)

In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the spread of resistance to β-lactams and of integrons in small rodents and marsupials living at various distances from a point of antibiotic's use. Rectal swabs from 114 animals were collected in Trois-Sauts, an isolated village in French Guiana, and along a 3 km transect heading through the non-anthropized primary forest. Prevalence of ticarcillin-resistant enterobacteria was 36% (41/114). Klebsiella spp., naturally resistant to ticarcillin, were found in 31.1% (23/73) of animals from the village and in an equal ratio of 31.7% (13/41) of animals trapped along the transect. By contrast Escherichia coli with acquired resistance to ticarcillin were found in 13.7% (10/73) of animals from the village and in only 2.4% (1/41) of those from the transect (600 m from the village). There was a huge diversity of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with very unique and infrequent sequence types. The overall prevalence of class 1 integrons carriage was 19.3% (22/114) homogenously distributed between animals from the village and the transect, which suggests a co-selection by a non-antibiotic environmental factor. Our results indicate that the anthropogenic acquired antibiotic resistance did not disseminate in the wild far from the point of selective pressure.
Flip chip-bonded GaAs MMICs compatible with foundry manufacture (1991)

A foundry-compatible flip-chip bonding technology has been developed for gallium arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). Metallurgical interactions between lead-tin solder and gold-based circuitry were prevented by the inclusion of a pinhole-free metal barrier layer. The solder bonds were extremely reproducible and provided a self-alignment capability at the flip-chip bonding stage. Microwave measurements showed test components to have more uniform characteristics than their wire-bonded counterparts and MMIC amplifiers to have the same behaviour in flip-chip or wirebonded form. All the bonds on a chip were made in a single solder reflow operation, representing a considerable saving in assembly effort.
Experimental Investigation on the Behavior of a Micro Drop Jet (2003)

This paper deals with the formation, measurement and control of micro liquid droplet jet in water. In connection with the development of a lipid membrane biosensor device for underground water pollution, a method of working liquid behavior of micro droplet jet have been investigated by method of flow visualization. Experimental results show that the behavior of micro droplet is controllable by changing the angle and the duration time of jet ejection. It is feasible to transport the working liquid to a given place by arranging the relative position according to the trajectory of droplet jet.
Kinetics of the Ceramide Kinase Inhibitor K1, a Suppressor of Mast-Cell Activation (2007)

In a previous study, we synthesized a novel inhibitor of ceramide kinase, K1. In this study, we determined that inhibition by K1 is non-competitive and that four intact six-membered rings are important to the inhibitory activity. Furthermore, we identified an effective in vivo concentration for K1, at which it did not influence any cellular lipid synthesis other than that of ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) using RBL-2H3 cells, and found that K1 suppressed the activation of mast cells.
A Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Uranium Tetrachloride (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Uranium TetrachlorideJohn van Wazer and George JohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1207Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a099https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immediate Treatment of Burn Wounds with High Concentrations of Topical Antibiotics in an Alginate Hydrogel Using a Platform Wound Device (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> There is an unmet need to improve immediate burn care, particularly when definitive treatment is delayed. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to formulate a hydrogel that contains very high concentrations of antibiotics and validate its use together with a platform wound device (PWD) for the immediate care of burns. <b>Approach:</b> The hydrogel properties were optimized by using a rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and were tested in an infected porcine burn model. Immediately, after burn creation, the burns were infected with different bacteria. Subsequently, the burns infected with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> were covered with the PWD and treated with a single dose of hydrogel containing 1000 × minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin, gentamicin, and minocycline, respectively. On day 7 or 45, the animals were euthanized, and the burns were harvested for histology and quantitative bacteriology. <b>Results:</b> 0.625% was the best alginate concentration for the hydrogel in terms of viscosity, stability, and drug release. The porcine studies demonstrated that vancomycin-, gentamicin-, and minocycline-treated tissues contained significantly less bacteria and reduced depth of tissue necrosis in comparison to controls. <b>Innovation:</b> The PWD represents a platform technology that begins at the point of the first treatment by protecting the wound and allowing administration of topical therapeutics. The device can be adapted to enclose any size burn over any contour of the body. <b>Conclusion:</b> Antibiotics can be delivered safely in very high concentrations in a hydrogel using the PWD, and burn infections can be treated successfully with this method.
Lattice-gas simulations of domain growth, saturation, and self-assembly in immiscible fluidsand microemulsions (1997)

We investigate the growth kinetics of both binary fluid and ternary microemulsion systems in two dimensions using a recently introduced hydrodynamic lattice-gas automaton model of microemulsions. We find that the presence of amphiphile in our simulations reduces the usual oil-water interfacial tension in accord with experiment and consequently affects the nonequilibrium growth of the oil and water domains. As the density of surfactant is increased we observe a crossover from the usual two-dimensional binary fluid scaling laws to a growth that is slow, and we find that, up to a point, this slow growth can be characterized by a logarithmic time scale. With sufficient surfactant in the system we observe that the domains cease to grow beyond a certain point; we find that this final characteristic domain size is inversely proportional to the interfacial surfactant concentration in the system and that a stretched-exponential functional form accurately describes the data across the whole time scale of the simulations in these cases.
Modified clustering algorithm for molecular simulation (2020)

Herein, an extended Hoshen-Kopelman algorithm to non-lattice environments has been used to create a algorithm suitable for cluster detecting/labelling in molecular simulations. This algorithm is useful to study many systems of particles which undergo aggregating phenomena, such as clustering or gelation. Particle positions are input in this code, which verifies connections between molecules based on a cutoff distance. We show two examples to better illustrate the proposed algorithm: the aggregation of Lennard-Jones particles under Brownian motion at gelation condition and aggregation of asphaltene molecules in heptane. Results showed that the number of clusters diminishes because each molecule/particle initially corresponds to one cluster, which aggregates over time. Consequently, the number of links (the mean size of the cluster) increases until reaching a constant value, which means that the system achieved equilibrium. This new algorithm is compared to the previously existing one and proved to be faster, while showing to be very useful in counting the number of clusters.
Real-Time Open-Domain Question Answering with Dense-Sparse Phrase Index (2019)

Existing open-domain question answering (QA) models are not suitable for real-time usage because they need to process several long documents on-demand for every input query. In this paper, we introduce the query-agnostic indexable representation of document phrases that can drastically speed up open-domain QA and also allows us to reach long-tail targets. In particular, our dense-sparse phrase encoding effectively captures syntactic, semantic, and lexical information of the phrases and eliminates the pipeline filtering of context documents. Leveraging optimization strategies, our model can be trained in a single 4-GPU server and serve entire Wikipedia (up to 60 billion phrases) under 2TB with CPUs only. Our experiments on SQuAD-Open show that our model is more accurate than DrQA (Chen et al., 2017) with 6000x reduced computational cost, which translates into at least 58x faster end-to-end inference benchmark on CPUs.
The nucleotide sequence of theEscherichia coliK12nusB (groNB)gene (1984)

The nusB (groNB) gene product of Escherichia coli plays a pivotal role in allowing bacteriophage lambda N protein to function as an antiterminator of mRNA transcription and in modulating host gene expression. In addition it is essential for bacterial viability since mutations in it result in a cold-sensitivity phenotype for growth. We have previously cloned the nusB gene and shown it to code for a 14,500-Mr protein. Here we present the primary DNA sequence of the nusB gene. From the sequence we deduce that it codes for a slightly basic protein (21 basic as opposed to 20 acidic amino acids) composed of 139 amino acids with a cumulative 15,689-Mr. The predicted N-terminal amino acid sequence as well as the overall amino acid composition agrees well with that of the purified protein.
Effects of Pressure on the Behavior of the Thermoresponsive Polymer Poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) (PNVIBA) (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTEffects of Pressure on the Behavior of the Thermoresponsive Polymer Poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) (PNVIBA)S. Kunugi, K. Takano, N. Tanaka, K. Suwa, and M. AkashiView Author Information Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry, Kagoshima University, Koorimoto, Kagoshima 890, JapanCite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 15, 4499–4501Publication Date (Web):July 28, 1997Publication History Received3 December 1996Revised8 May 1997Published online28 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma961770rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma961770rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Phase transitions,Polymers,Protein structure,Solution chemistry,Thermoresponsive polymers Get e-Alerts
Dielectrophoretic Control of a Droplet at the Interface of Two Liquids in a Three Liquid System (2018)

The influence of an electric field on a water droplet resting at the interface of two immiscible liquids is studied experimentally and theoretically. The droplet is initially in a state of equilibrium due to the balance between gravitational, buoyancy and capillary forces. Application of an electric field across the droplet-interface system disturbs the equilibrium. The electrical force increases the immersion angle of the droplet and eventually causes it to ‘sink’ when a critical immersion angle is reached. Experiments are conducted with a deionized water droplet, resting at the interface of silicone oil and sunflower oil. Experiments involve the application of an electric field and image analysis to track the voltage dependent immersion angle. The objective is to determine the threshold voltage at which the droplet sinks. Experiments are complemented by an analytical model that balances gravity, buoyancy, capillary, and dielectrophoretic forces to predict the change in the position of the droplet and the immersion angle. Experiments and analysis were conducted for Bond numbers ranging from 0.1 to 1.7, the latter being the critical size at which a droplet will ‘sink’ due to its weight. The predicted immersion angles and threshold voltage show a good match to the experimental measurements. Overall, this work highlights the utility of electric fields to control interfacial phenomena at the interface of two immiscible liquids.
Sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (sfPESI) mass spectrometry for the rapid forensic analysis of human body fluids (2019)

A novel method for the rapid,<italic>in situ</italic>analysis of fresh and dried human biological materials using sfPESI mass spectrometry.
A survey on recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical notation (2007)

This report describes recent advances in the area of the recognition of on- line handwritten mathematical notation. We describe architectures, symbol classification methods, and techniques for the structural analysis of mathematical expressions. We also survey applications specialized for mathematical notation.
Adsorption of Aromatic Carboxylate Ions to Black Carbon (Biochar) Is Accompanied by Proton Exchange with Water (2011)

We examined the adsorption of the allelopathic aromatic acids (AA), cinnamic and coumaric, to different charcoals (biochars) as part of a study on bioavailability of natural signaling chemicals in soil. Sorption isotherms in pH 7 buffer, where the AAs are >99% dissociated, are highly nonlinear, give distribution ratios as high as 10(4.8) L/kg, and are insensitive to Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). In unbuffered media, sorption becomes progressively suppressed with loading and is accompanied by release of OH(-) with a stoichiometry approaching 1 at low concentrations, declining to about 0.4-0.5 as the pH rises. Sorption of cinnamate on graphite as a model for charcoal was roughly comparable on a surface area basis, but released negligible OH(-). A novel scheme is proposed that explains the pH dependence of adsorption and OH(-) stoichiometry and the graphite results. In a key step, AA(-) undergoes proton exchange with water. To overcome the unfavorable proton exchange free energy, we suggest AA engages in a type of hydrogen bond recognized to be of unusual strength with a surface carboxylate or phenolate group having a comparable pK(a). This bond is depicted as [RCO(2)···H···O-surf](-). The same is possible for AA(-), but results in increased surface charge. The proton exchange pathway appears open to other weak acid adsorbates, including humic substances, on carbonaceous materials.
A 146mm/sup 2/ 8Gb nand flash memory with 70nm CMOS technology (2005)

A 146 mm/sup 2/ 8 Gb NANO flash memory with 4-level programmed cells is fabricated in a 70 nm CMOS technology. A single-sided pad architecture and extended block-addressing scheme without redundancy is adopted for die size reduction. The programming throughput is 6 MB/s and is comparable to binary flash memories.
Magnetic characterization of iron nanocubes (2008)

Nearly perfect single crystalline Fe core-shell nanocubes with (100) facets and 13.6 nm edge length were prepared by wet-chemical methods. While the core is metallic, the shell is composed of either Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3. The cubes were deposited onto GaAs substrates with monolayer coverage as proved by scanning electron microscopy. Oxygen and hydrogen plasmas were used to remove the ligand system and the oxide shell. Both types of samples were investigated by ferromagnetic resonance. While the g-factor (g=2.09) and crystalline anisotropy (K4=4.8×104 J/m3) of the pure iron cubes show up with bulk values, the saturation magnetization is reduced to (M(5K)=(1.2±0.12)×106 A/m) 70% of bulk value and the effective damping parameter (α=0.03) is increased by one order of magnitude with respect to bulk Fe.
Towards a more rigorous and practical unit commitment by Lagrangian relaxation (1988)

A Lagrangian relaxation algorithm for power system generator unit commitment is proposed. The algorithm proceeds in three phases. In the first phase, the Lagrangian dual of the unit commitment is maximized by standard subgradient techniques. The second phase finds a reserve-feasible dual solution, followed by a third phase of economic dispatch. A mathematically based, systematic and generally applicable procedure to search for a reserve-feasible dual solution is presented. The algorithm has been tested on systems of up to 100 units to be scheduled over 168 hours, giving reliable performance and low execution times. Both spinning and time-limited reserve constraints are treated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Systematic Evaluation of Object Detection Networks for Scientific Plots (2020)

Are existing object detection methods adequate for detecting text and visual elements in scientific plots which are arguably different than the objects found in natural images? To answer this question, we train and compare the accuracy of various SOTA object detection networks on the PlotQA dataset. At the standard IOU setting of 0.5, most networks perform well with mAP scores greater than 80% in detecting the relatively simple objects in plots. However, the performance drops drastically when evaluated at a stricter IOU of 0.9 with the best model giving a mAP of 35.70%. Note that such a stricter evaluation is essential when dealing with scientific plots where even minor localisation errors can lead to large errors in downstream numerical inferences. Given this poor performance, we propose minor modifications to existing models by combining ideas from different object detection networks. While this significantly improves the performance, there are still 2 main issues: (i) performance on text objects which are essential for reasoning is very poor, and (ii) inference time is unacceptably large considering the simplicity of plots. To solve this open problem, we make a series of contributions: (a) an efficient region proposal method based on Laplacian edge detectors, (b) a feature representation of region proposals that includes neighbouring information, (c) a linking component to join multiple region proposals for detecting longer textual objects, and (d) a custom loss function that combines a smooth L1-loss with an IOU-based loss. Combining these ideas, our final model is very accurate at extreme IOU values achieving a mAP of 93.44%@0.9 IOU. Simultaneously, our model is very efficient with an inference time 16x lesser than the current models, including one-stage detectors. With these contributions, we enable further exploration on the automated reasoning of plots.