gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPLICATIONS OF ARTHROPLASTY FOR PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURES: A 2 TO 10 YEAR MULTICENTRE FOLLOW-UP STUDY (2009)

The complications of prostheses for fractures of the proximal humerus are understudied because the experience of each shoulder surgeon is limited and a standardised registration protocol is not yet available. A prospective study on complications in shoulder arthroplasty for fracture is, therefore, essential to explore variables that influence outcome. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with complications following arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures. In a multicenter study, four hundred and six patients treated with arthroplasty for proximal humeral fracture were prospectively followed during a nine year period; three hundred patients with a minimum of two years follow-up, at an average of forty-five months (range, 24–117), were available for review. Objective results were graded with the Constant score and range of motion. Subjective results were reported according to patient satisfaction. At follow-up, the average Constant score was fifty-four points (range, 14–95) and active forward elevation was 103° (range, 10°–180°). Eighty-one percent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied. We observed a 59% rate of late (after three months) complications, including a high rate of tuberosity-related complications (72% malunion or nonunion). Initial tuberosity malposition was present in 35% of the patients. Secondary migration despite initial good positioning was observed in 24%. Tuberosity complications were associated with poor final Constant score, poor range of motion and shoulder pain (p=0.001 for all items). A re-operation was performed in 5.3% of the cases. Patients who were mobilised according to the ‘early passive motion’ concept had double the incidence of secondary tuberosity migration, compared to those that were initially immobilised (14% versus 27%, p=0.004). Tuberosity complications are the most frequent late complication and they are associated with poor functional results. It is, therefore, incumbent upon the surgeon to maximise healing with adequate fixation of the tuberosities, followed by sufficient immobilization.
Query simplification (2009)

Join ordering is one of the most important, but also most challenging problems of query optimization. In general finding the optimal join order is NP-hard. Existing dynamic programming algorithms exhibit exponential runtime even for the restricted, but highly relevant class of star joins. Therefore, it is infeasible to find the optimal join order when the query includes a large number of joins. Existing approaches for large queries switch to greedy heuristics or randomized algorithms at some point, which can degrade query execution performance by orders of magnitude.
Constrained optimisation in granular network flows: Games with a loaded dice (2013)

Flows in real world networks are rarely the outcome of unconditional random allocations as, say, the roll of a dice. Think, for example, of force transmission through a contact network in a quasistatically deforming granular material. Forces ‘flow’ through this network in a highly conditional manner. How much force is transmitted between two contacting particles is always conditional not only on all the other forces acting between the particles in question but also on those acting on the other particles in the system. Broadly, we are interested in the nature and extent to which flows through a contact network favour certain pathways over others, and how the mechanisms that govern such biased flows for a given imposed loading history determine the future evolution of the contact network. Our first step is to solve a selection of fundamental combinatorial optimisation problems on the contact network from the perspective of force transmission. Here we report on solutions to the Maximum Flow Minimum Cost Problem for a weighted contact network where the weights assigned to the links of the contact network are varied according to their contact types. We found that those pathways through which the maximum flow of force is transmitted, in the direction of the maximum principal stress, at minimum cost – pass through the great majority of the force chains. Although the majority of the contacts in these pathways are elastic, the plastic contacts bear an undue influence on the minimum cost.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic signal peptides direct secretion of a bacterial endoglucanase by mammalian cells. (1990)

It is well established that hydrophobic signal sequences direct proteins into or across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in eukaryotes and cell membranes in prokaryotes. Although it is recognized that eukaryote proteins are efficiently secreted by bacterial systems, the export of bacterial proteins by eukaryotes has received little attention. To investigate membrane translocation of bacterial proteins by mammalian cells, the secretion of a bacterial endoglucanase (endoglucanase E) from stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells has been examined. We report that a functional endoglucanase is secreted when fused to prokaryote or eukaryote signal peptides. Furthermore, the endoglucanase was post-translationally modified before secretion. Data presented in this paper suggest that secretion of bacterial proteins by eukaryote cells may be a general phenomenon and infer that there are no specific requirements with respect to the origin of the signal sequences.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization–Allylation: From Diallyl Carbonates to α-Quaternary Aldehydes (2019)

We report a Rh-catalyzed tandem isomerization–allylation sequence for the generation of α-quaternary aldehydes, starting from unsymmetrical diallyl carbonates. This reaction features a highly selective oxidative addition of the rhodium catalyst, leading to the discrimination of electrophilic and nucleophilic elements of various diallyl carbonates. A rhodium-enolate and an allyl electrophile are produced catalytically in situ in a controlled fashion, enabling this reaction to occur with high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Mechanistic investigation via reaction progress kinetic analysis uncovered second-order kinetics in rhodium, suggesting that an unexpected dual metal pathway may be operative for the key C–C bond-forming step.
Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis (2018)

The 1996 originally established multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes, based solely on clinical impression and consensus, were revised in 2013 to review potential imaging and biological correlates and to reflect recently identified clinical aspects of MS. As a result, potential new disease phenotypes, radiologically isolated syndrome, and clinically isolated syndrome were considered along with the addition of two new descriptor subtypes: activity and progression applied to relapsing remitting and progressive MS phenotypes. In this way, the description of an individual patient's disease course is refined and provides temporal information about the ongoing disease process. There is still a lack of imaging and biological markers that would distinguish MS phenotypes and prognosticate the disease course on an individual patient's level, creating a pressing need for large collaborative research efforts in this field.
Overexpression of a Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water- and salt-stress in transgenic rice (1998)

A Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) cDNA from mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia L.) was introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome by the biolistic method. Expression of this P5CS transgene under the control of a stress-inducible promoter led to stress-induced overproduction of the P5CS enzyme and proline accumulation in transgenic rice plants. Second-generation (R1) transgenic rice plants showed an increase in biomass under salt-stress and water-stress conditions as compared to the non-transformed control plants.
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition by a Non‐Heme Iron(III) Catalase Mimic: A DFT Study (2007)

Non-heme iron(III) complexes of 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles have previously been found to catalytically decompose hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen, like the native enzyme catalase. Here the mechanism of this reaction is theoretically investigated by DFT calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6-31G* level, with focus on the reactivity of the possible spin states of the FeIII complexes. The computations suggest that H2O2 decomposition follows a homolytic route with intermediate formation of an iron(IV) oxo radical cation species (L.+FeIV==O) that resembles Compound I of natural iron porphyrin systems. Along the whole catalytic cycle, no significant energetic differences were found for the reaction proceeding on the doublet (S=1/2) or on the quartet (S=3/2) hypersurface, with the single exception of the rate-determining O--O bond cleavage of the first associated hydrogen peroxide molecule, for which reaction via the doublet state is preferred. The sextet (S=5/2) state of the FeIII complexes appears to be unreactive in catalase-like reactions.
Scattering and radiation analysis of three-dimensional cavity arrays via a hybrid finite-element method (1993)

A hybrid numerical technique is presented for a characterization of the scattering and radiation properties of three-dimensional cavity arrays recessed in a ground plane. The technique combines the finite-element and boundary-integral methods and invokes Floquet's representation to formulate a system of equations for the fields at the apertures and those inside the cavities. The system is solved via the conjugate-gradient method in conjunction with the fast Fourier transform thus achieving an O(N) storage requirement. By virtue of the finite-element method, the proposed technique is applicable to periodic arrays comprised of cavities having arbitrary shape and filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics. Several numerical results are presented, along with new measured data, which demonstrate the validity, efficiency, and capability of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data from PanIN-Specific Regulation of Wnt Signaling by HIF2α during Early Pancreatic Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hypoxia promotes angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Essentially, all studies of the hypoxia pathway in pancreatic cancer research to date have focused on fully malignant tumors or cancer cell lines, but the potential role of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) in the progression of premalignant lesions has not been critically examined. Here, we show that HIF2α is expressed early in pancreatic lesions both in human and in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. HIF2α is a potent oncogenic stimulus, but its role in Kras-induced pancreatic neoplasia has not been discerned. We used the Ptf1aCre transgene to activate &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;sup&gt;G12D&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; and delete &lt;i&gt;Hif2α&lt;/i&gt; solely within the pancreas. Surprisingly, loss of &lt;i&gt;Hif2α&lt;/i&gt; in this model led to markedly higher, rather than reduced, number of low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN) lesions. These lesions, however, failed to progress to high-grade mPanINs, and displayed exclusive loss of β-catenin and SMAD4. The relationship among HIF2α, β-catenin, and Smad4 was further confirmed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, where silencing of &lt;i&gt;Hif2α&lt;/i&gt; resulted in reduced &lt;i&gt;β-catenin&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Smad4&lt;/i&gt; transcript levels. Thus, with oncogenic Ras expressed in the pancreas, HIF2α modulates Wnt-signaling during mPanIN progression by maintaining appropriate levels of both Smad4 and β-catenin. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(15); 4781–90. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure from Treatment Efficacy and Resistance Mechanisms Using the Second-Generation ALK Inhibitor AP26113 in Human NPM-ALK–Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5. Differential impairment in ALK targeting on all Ba/F3 NPM-ALK mutant cell lines by all clinically relevant ALK inhibitors. All cell lines were incubated for 4 hours in the presence of increasing doses of the compound, then ALK P-Tyr 1604 was assessed by western blot. β-actin was used as loading control.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from GPC1-Targeted Immunotoxins Inhibit Pancreatic Tumor Growth in Mice via Depletion of Short-lived GPC1 and Downregulation of Wnt Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is upregulated in multiple types of human cancers including pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated whether GPC1 could be a target of antibody-toxin fusion proteins (i.e., immunotoxins) for treating pancreatic cancer. We constructed a panel of GPC1-targeted immunotoxins derived from a functional domain of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; exotoxin A. An albumin-binding domain was also introduced into the anti-GPC1 immunotoxin to improve serum half-life. Small-molecule screening was performed to identify irinotecan that shows synergistic efficacy with the immunotoxin. We showed that GPC1 was internalized upon antibody binding. Anti-GPC1 immunotoxins alone inhibited tumor growth in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. The immunotoxin treatment reduced active β-catenin expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, immunotoxins containing an albumin-binding domain in combination with irinotecan caused pancreatic tumor regression. GPC1 expression was reduced by the immunotoxin treatment due to the degradation of the internalized GPC1 and its short cellular turnover rate. Our data indicate that the GPC1-targeted immunotoxin inhibits pancreatic tumor growth via degradation of internalized GPC1, downregulation of Wnt signaling, and inhibition of protein synthesis. The anti-GPC1 immunotoxin in combination with irinotecan thus provides a potential new treatment strategy for patients with pancreatic tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Shape-regulated high yield synthesis of electrocatalytically active branched Pt nanostructures for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions (2011)

We describe a shape regulated synthesis of branched Pt nanostructures (nPts) by a simple polyol method using 1,3-propanediol as solvent and poly(diallyldmethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as stabilizing agent and their electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions. The transmission electron microscopic measurements show that the nanoparticles have multiple branches. The size of the branched nanostructures ranges from 10 to 15 nm and the branches have the width of 3–5 nm. The X-ray diffraction measurement indicates the existence of face centered cubic structure of Pt. UV-vis spectroscopic measurement suggests that the reduction of Pt(IV) proceeds through the formation of Pt(II) species. The solvent and the stabilizing agent plays vital role in the growth of nPts. Aggregated nanoparticles were obtained in the absence of PDDA. The traditional solvent ethylene glycol in the presence of PDDA yields only spherical nanoparticles. The nPts were loaded onto the walls of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to examine their electrocatalytic activity. The nanoparticles on MWCNT retain their initial shape, size and morphology. The electrocatalytic activity of nPts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was evaluated in terms of kinetic current density using rotating-ring-disk electrode (RRDE) system. The nanostructured electrocatalyst favors the 4-electron pathway for the reduction of oxygen at a more positive potential with a kinetic current density of 11.97 mA cm−2. The electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was studied with chronoamperometry and potential dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The nPts show high specific activity in the ORR and MOR. The electrocatalytic activity of nPts towards ORR and MOR is compared with the commercial catalyst and spherical nanoparticles.
Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Halogenated muconic acids as intermediates (1980)

Substituted muconic acids were prepared from the corresponding catechols by pyrocatechase II from Pseudomonas sp. B13. The stabilities of substituted muconic acids were compared under different pH conditions. 3-Substituted cis, cis-muconic acids cycloisomerized readily in slightly acidic solutions, whereas 2-chloro- and 2-fluoro-cis,cis-muconic acids were stable under these conditions and could be isolated as crystalline compounds. They were isomerized to the cis, trans-form in highly acidic solution (pH 1), particularly when heated to 80 degrees C. Cycloisomerization of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid in 75% (v/v) H2SO4 yields 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-but-2-en-4-olide (4-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-3H-furan-2-ylacetic acid). THe cis,cis-configuration of 2-chloromuconic acid was certified by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by enzymic cycloisomerization. Although the cis,cis-configuration of 2-fluoromuconic acid was confirmed by corresponding spectroscopic data, it was not cycloisomerized by crude extracts or cycloisomerase II preparations from Pseudomonas sp. B13.
Axial Scanning Confocal Microscopy with No Moving Parts (2008)

The performance of the 3D confocal imaging of a blood vessel sample using axial scans implemented through an electronically controlled liquid crystal (LC) lens, is studied. The researchers, in an attempt towards achieving no-moving-parts depth-section scanning, have modified a commercial reflective mode 3D confocal microscope by inserting an LC lens in objective lens. The proposed technique can use any type of E-lens, and has the potential to influence the fields of fluidic biological imaging in case slight external mechanical forces on the test samples can lead to the unwanted modification of the 3D sample structures. The technique is also applicable to all-optical microscopy systems in which motion of a sample or objective is restricted.
Drain-engineered hot-electron-resistant device structures: a review (1989)

Various MOS structures with specially designed drain regions are reviewed. Guidelines are established for the fabrication of hot-electron-resistant device structures. Additionally, suggestions are made with reference to device structures suitable for a manufacturing environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The role of misonidazole combined with intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. (1987)

We tested the efficacy of the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole in conjunction with intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IORT) and external beam irradiation in patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Misonidazole was delivered intravenously (IV) at a dose of 3.5 g/m2 in conjunction with IORT of 1,500 to 2,000 cGy to the pancreas. Additional external beam radiation as administered to 4,960 cGy. The study was based on the premise that the effect of misonidazole would be maximized when a high dose of the drug was administered and, thus, high hypoxic cell sensitization could be obtained when using a high single dose of radiation where the hypoxic fraction would be expected to dominate in the survivors. In a nonrandomized study of 41 patients treated with misonidazole and 22 without, the 1-year local control was 67% and 55%, and 1-year survival was 50% and 77%, respectively. Although there was a bias towards larger tumors in the patients treated with the sensitizer, we were unable to demonstrate an advantage to misonidazole in this clinical situation.
Changing Habits by Changing Attitudes (1977)

(1977). Changing Habits by Changing Attitudes. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 7, pp. 13-13.
Evaluation of laminin peptide fragments labeled with indium‐111 for the potential imaging of malignant tumors (1997)

The laminin peptide fragments GYIGSR-NH2 and CDPGYIGSR-NH2 are known to bind to a 67-kDa laminin receptor. This receptors is understood to be expressed at higher than normal levels in malignant tumor cells, particularly those of breast and colon carcinomas. Peptides DTPA-GYIGSR-NH2 (1), DTPA-(GYIGSR-NH2)2 (2), DTPA-CDPGYIGSR-NH2 (3), DTPA-(CDPGYIGSR-NH2)2 (4), and negative control DTPA-GAGAGA-NH2 (5) were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. All five DTPA-conjugated peptides were subsequently radiolabeled with 111In and their tissue distribution evaluated in mice bearing C3H tumors. 111In-3 and 111In-4 showed the highest specific tumor localization. These preliminary data support further study of radiolabeled petide fragments for the potential detection of malignant tumors of the breast and other organs.
The development of an in vitro test method for predicting the abrasion resistance of textile and metal components of endovascular stent grafts (2013)

Implantable endovascular stent grafts have become a frequent option for the treatment of abdominal and thoracic aneurysms. Given that such devices are permanent implants, the question of long-term biostability needs to be addressed. This article describes the development of an in vitro stent graft abrasion test method between the graft fabric and metal stent of an endovascular device. Three endpoints were established to determine the abrasion resistance between the fabric and stent surfaces after a predetermined number of abrasion cycles. During initial testing, two types of graft fabric materials, multifilament woven polyester fabric and monofilament woven polyester fabric, and two types of stent materials, laser cut nitinol stents and regular nitinol stent wire, were evaluated under dry and wet conditions. The results have shown that this test method is viable for testing the relative abrasion resistance of the components of endovascular stent grafts. The abrasion resistance of both fabrics was lower in a wet environment compared to being tested dry. Additionally, the multifilament polyester fabric had better abrasion resistance than the monofilament polyester fabric. The laser cut nitinol stent was more aggressive in creating holes and breaking yarns, while the regular nitinol stent wire caused a greater loss in fabric strength.