gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organizing Research and Development at the Intersection of Learning, Implementation, and Design (2011)

This article describes elements of an approach to research and development called design-based implementation research. The approach represents an expansion of design research, which typically focuses on classrooms, to include development and testing of innovations that foster alignment and coordination of supports for improving teaching and learning. As in policy research, implementation is a key focus of theoretical development and analysis. What distinguishes this approach from both traditional design research and policy research is the presence of four key elements: (a) a focus on persistent problems of practice from multiple stakeholders’ perspectives; (b) a commitment to iterative, collaborative design; (c) a concern with developing theory related to both classroom learning and implementation through systematic inquiry; and (d) a concern with developing capacity for sustaining change in systems.
Transient Ca2+ overload alters Ca2+ handling in rat cardiomyocytes: effects on shortening and relaxation (1997)

Transient Ca2+ overload in cardiomyocytes occurs during pathophysiological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of transient Ca2+ overload on shortening and relaxation in isolated rat cardiomyocytes electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz and to examine whether transient Ca2+ overload induces alterations in Ca2+ handling and myofilament sensitivity. Fractional shortening and shortening velocity fell to 79 +/- 5% (P < 0.05) and 78 +/- 4% (P < 0.01) 2 min after exposure to high Ca2+. A transient decrease in resting length, a reduction in relaxation velocity to 86 +/- 7% (P < 0.05), and a prolonged time of relaxation with 8.3 +/- 4.3% (P < 0.05) were also observed. Systolic fluorescence ratio using fura 2 as the Ca2+ indicator fell by 11.0%, and the decline of the fluorescence ratio was prolonged by 29.8%. By applying caffeine, we observed a significant reduction in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content after transient Ca2+ overload. A significant reduction in myofilament sensitivity was also observed. In conclusion, the systolic dysfunction observed after transient Ca2+ overload is the result of both decreased systolic Ca2+ and reduced myofilament sensitivity. The relaxation abnormalities are most likely caused by altered Ca2+ handling, since we observed a reduction in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and a prolongation of the decline of the fura 2 transient.
Space-charge-limited current and capacitance in double-junction diodes (1987)

An analytical theory is given for the space-charge-limited current in n-i-n or p-i-p diodes. The exact I-V characteristic is obtained in a parametric form. In the limit of high currents or for a large width of the intrinsic (i) base region the characteristics reduce to a Mott–Gurney form. In the low-current limit a linear I-V characteristic is obtained. The space-charge barrier presents a conceptually different case from a conventional barrier current in that the position of the barrier moves depending on the biasing condition. It is this motion which is responsible for the linear regime—which extends over a substantial range (∼10kT/e) of the applied voltage. The distribution of the electrostatic potential and of the quasi-Fermi level in the base, as well as the position of the potential maximum (the virtual cathode), are shown for different current levels. The differential capacitance of the double-junction diode is calculated and shown to be strongly dependent on the applied bias.
Inhibition of sodium conductance by cannabigerol contributes to a reduction of dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability (2022)

Inhibition of Na<sub>v</sub> 1.7 channels in DRG neurons may underlie CBG-induced neuronal hypoexcitability. As most Na<sub>v</sub> 1.7 channels are inactivated at the resting membrane potential of DRG neurons, they are more likely to be inhibited by lower CBG concentrations, suggesting functional selectivity against Na<sub>v</sub> 1.7 channels, compared with other Na<sub>v</sub> channels (via G<sub>max</sub> block).
Is There Still an Investment Overhang, and If So, Should We Worry about It? (2002)

Investments
JMF (2012)

Runtime integrity measurement systems provide the capability to observe the runtime state of a process and to determine whether or not it is acceptable. Existing software systems tend to forgo integrity checks altogether or to enlist static mechanisms (e.g., assertions) to detect unacceptable process states at runtime. A large and growing base of malicious software necessitates more sophisticated handling of threats to process integrity.
The Effect of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Water Deficit on Maize Performance Under Controlled Conditions (2016)

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is the most important insect of maize, Zea mays L., but knowledge of its interaction with water deficit on maize production is lacking. A series of greenhouse experiments using three infestation levels of the western corn rootworm, D. virgifera virgifera, under well-watered, moderately dry, and very dry soil moisture levels were conducted to quantify the interaction of western corn rootworm and soil water deficit on B73×Mo17 maize growth and physiology. Three separate experiments were conducted. Soil moisture regimes were initiated 30 d postplanting for experiments using neonate and second-instar larvae and 30 d postinfestation in the experiment using eggs. In the neonate and second-instar experiments, there were no significant differences among western corn rootworm levels in their effects on leaf water potential, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. The interaction of western corn rootworm and soil moisture significantly impacted the larval recovery in the neonate experiment, but no other significant interactions were documented between soil moisture levels and rootworm infestation levels. Overall, the results indicate that under the conditions of these experiments, the effect of water deficit was much greater on plants than the effect of western corn rootworm and that the interactions between water deficit and western corn rootworm levels minimally affected the measured parameters of plant performance.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POLITICS (1998)

▪ Abstract This review evaluates the most recent studies of social capital in political science and argues that they have strayed considerably from the original treatment of social capital, which casts it as endogenous. Recent treatments have recast social capital as a feature of political culture and thereby treat values as exogenous. These two approaches emanate from incompatible premises and have fundamentally different implications. Thus, efforts to combine the two approaches are rendered unproductive by inevitable inconsistencies of internal logic. Moreover, empirical tests of the exogenous social capital approach are deficient: They are selective in their use of data and employ ad hoc procedures at crucial junctures. We therefore urge a return to the treatment of social capital as endogenous.
A Holistic Approach to Improve a Liquid Cooled Battery Module (2020)

This publication investigates the process of improving an existing liquid cooled battery module in terms of lightweight design and cooling capabilities for production processes suitable for series production by using a holistic approach. It starts by identifying components with too high efforts using a method called Extended Target Weighing Approach (ETWA) and continues using complementary CFD and thermal simulations to guide the conceptualization of new solutions methodically. While conceptualizing and designing the parts to improve on key aspects of the battery module, a new tool was developed to select the best combination of material, process and manufacturing for these components. For this particular battery module, using the ETWA, we identified the cell mount, the housing and the plethora of components responsible for the sealing functionality as too heavy. Due to this, simulations of the coolant flow and temperature distribution were performed to guide the design choices for the cell mount. The thermal and CFD simulations revealed that a reduction of the initial cell mount height is possible while keeping the maximum temperatures within reason. Housing concepts were developed considering design limitations due to the manufacturing processes recommended by the selection tool. The used tool chain enabled an objective and comprehensible decision-making to optimize the battery module considering lightweight design and cooling capabilities.
30  W fluoride glass all-fiber laser at 294  μm (2015)

We report the demonstration of a 2938 nm erbium-doped fluoride glass fiber laser delivering a record output power of 30.5 W in continuous wave operation. The passively cooled all-fiber laser cavity based on intracore fiber Bragg gratings has an overall laser efficiency of 16% as a function of the launched pump power at 980 nm and a single-mode output beam quality of M<sup>2</sup><1.2. This power scaling demonstration of a fiber laser operating near the vibrational resonance of water is likely to have a significant impact on several biomedical applications.
Annealing-induced icosahedral glass phase in melt-spun Al-Cu-V and Al-Si-Mn alloys (1994)

Structures of amorphous and icosahedral phases in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{75}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{15}$${\mathrm{V}}_{10}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{53}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{27}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{20}$ alloys have been studied by x-ray and electron diffraction, and high-resolution electron microscopy. X-ray peak widths of the icosahedral phase in both alloys show a linear dependence on phason momentum. The high-resolution image of the icosahedral phase of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{75}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{15}$${\mathrm{V}}_{10}$ shows an atomic arrangement similar to that described by the icosahedral-glass (IG) model. The lattice image shows a two-dimensional tiling pattern comprised mainly of pentagons joined together side by side randomly and filled with unique tearlike and cracklike defects exhibited in the IG model. Despite the high degree of structural defects of the IG phase, the characteristic physical properties of quasiperiodic lattices such as high electrical resistivity, high hardness, and large elastic modulus strongly persist in the IG phase.
The Influence of Gait Stance and Vehicle Type on Pedestrian Kinematics and Injury Risk (2021)

Pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable road users. In 2019, the USA reported the highest number of pedestrian fatalities number in nearly three decades. To better protect pedestrians in car-to-pedestrian collisions (CPC), pedestrian biomechanics must be better investigated. The pre-impact conditions of CPCs vary significantly in terms of the characteristics of vehicles (e.g., front-end geometry, stiffness, etc.) and pedestrians (e.g., anthropometry, posture, etc.). The influence of pedestrian gait posture has not been well analyzed. The purpose of this study was to numerically investigate the changes in pedestrian kinematics and injuries across various gait postures in two different vehicle impacts. Five finite element (FE) human body models, that represent the 50th percentile male in gait cycle, were developed and used to perform CPC simulations with two generic vehicle FE models representing a low-profile vehicle and a high-profile vehicle. In the impacts with the high-profile vehicle, a sport utility vehicle, the pedestrian models usually slide above the bonnet leading edge and report shorter wrap around distances than in the impacts with a low-profile vehicle, a family car/sedan (FCR). The pedestrian postures influenced the postimpact rotation of the pedestrian and consequently, the impacted head region. Pedestrian posture also influenced the risk of injuries in the lower and upper extremities. Higher bone bending moments were observed in the stance phase posture compared to the swing phase. The findings of this study should be taken into consideration when examining pedestrian protection protocols. In addition, the results of this study can be used to improve the design of active safety systems used to protect pedestrians in collisions.
DNA/RNA Detection Using DNA-Templated Few-Atom Silver Nanoclusters (2013)

DNA-templated few-atom silver nanoclusters (DNA/Ag NCs) are a new class of organic/inorganic composite nanomaterials whose fluorescence emission can be tuned throughout the visible and near-IR range by simply programming the template sequences. Compared to organic dyes, DNA/Ag NCs can be brighter and more photostable. Compared to quantum dots, DNA/Ag NCs are smaller, less prone to blinking on long timescales, and do not have a toxic core. The preparation of DNA/Ag NCs is simple and there is no need to remove excess precursors as these precursors are non-fluorescent. Our recent discovery of the fluorogenic and color switching properties of DNA/Ag NCs have led to the invention of new molecular probes, termed NanoCluster Beacons (NCBs), for DNA detection, with the capability to differentiate single-nucleotide polymorphisms by emission colors. NCBs are inexpensive, easy to prepare, and compatible with commercial DNA synthesizers. Many other groups have also explored and taken advantage of the environment sensitivities of DNA/Ag NCs in creating new tools for DNA/RNA detection and single-nucleotide polymorphism identification. In this review, we summarize the recent trends in the use of DNA/Ag NCs for developing DNA/RNA sensors.
Role of neutrophil purinergic receptors in organ dysfunction (2008)

Neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)] express several purinergic receptors, including the nucleotide receptors P2Y2 and P2X7 and the adenosine receptor subtypes A1, A2A and A3. Activation of these receptors modulates PMN function and ultimately, in concert with other cells, affects the host's innate inflammatory response. PMN activities that can be altered by purinergic receptor stimulation include adhesion, aggregation, migration, phagocytosis, microbicidal function, release of tissue-damaging products and apoptosis. Interventions that alter PMN purinergic receptor stimulation are being developed to reduce organ dysfunction in conditions such as sepsis, ischemia–reperfusion injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Sequential detection of number of primary users in cognitive radio networks (2015)

In cognitive radio networks, a priori information on the number of primary users (PUs) is helpful to estimate more specific parameters of PUs' signal, such as the carrier frequency, direction of arrival, and location. We propose a sequential canonical correlation technique (S-CCT) method to estimate the number of active PUs quickly and accurately. In the proposed method, classical canonical correlation technique (CCT) is improved using multi-hypothesis sequential probability ratio test. Simulation results show that our proposed S-CCT method can achieve better performance with fewer samples than CCT.
Structural Integrity Evaluation by System Stress Analysis for Fuel Piping in a Process Plant (2013)

Process gas piping is one of the most basic components frequently used in the refinery and petrochemical plants. Many kinds of by-product gas have been used as fuel in the process plants. In some plants, natural gas is additionally introduced and mixed with the byproduct gas for upgrading the fuel. In this case, safety or design margin of the changed piping system of the plant should be re-evaluated based on a proper design code such as ASME or API codes since internal pressure, temperature and gas compositions are different from the original plant design conditions. In this study, series of piping stress analysis were conducted for a process piping used for transporting the mixed gas of the by-product gas and the natural gas from a mixing drum to a knock-out drum in a refinery plant. The analysed piping section had been actually installed in a domestic industry and needed safety audit since the design condition was changed. Pipe locations of the maximum system stress and displacement were determined, which can be candidate inspection and safety monitoring points during the upcoming operation period. For studying the effects of outside air temperature to safety the additional stress analysis were conducted for various temperatures in <TEX>$0{\sim}30^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Effects of the friction coefficient between the pipe and support were also investigated showing a proper choice if the friction coefficient is important. The maximum system stresses were occurred mainly at elbow, tee and support locations, which shows the thermal load contributes considerably to the system stress rather than the internal pressure or the gravity loads.
Reactions of α‐Sulfenyl‐N‐anions with Nitrogen Participation. Reactions of N‐Substituted Sulfenylamide Salts with Isothiocyanates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Serum oestrogen receptor α and β bioactivity are independently associated with breast cancer: a proof of principle study (2009)

The use of serum ER-alpha and ER-beta bioactivity assays as clinical tools in the management of breast cancer warrants further research. Future studies will dictate whether surrogate markers of ER-alpha and ER-beta bioactivity will provide a means to monitor the efficacy of anti-endocrine, adjuvant and chemopreventive strategies.
AMELIORATION OF HEAT STRESS INDUCED DISTURBANCES OF THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN BROILER (2010)

A comparative study on antistressor and antioxidative effects of synthetic vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix supplementation in broilers was conducted during the summer months of June-July when the mean temperature-humidity index was 84.74 ± 2.51. Day old broiler chicks (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups. Control group I was given basal diet and treatment groups (II and III) were supplemented with synthetic vitamin C (100 g/tonne of feed) and polyherbal feed premix (1 kg/tonne of feed) from day 0 to 6 weeks of age. Biochemical parameters were analysed after the 3rd and the 5th week and erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes were analysed after the 3rdand the 6th week of experiement. Hormonal and immunological parameters were analysed after the 6th week of the study. After the 3rd week, mean plasma glucose, cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (GSSG) were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower in treated groups (II and III) than control (I); however total protein, albumin to globulin ratio and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different in group II and III compared to group I. After the 5thweek, mean plasma glucose, total protein, albumin globulin ratio were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different in both the treatments compared to control. Erythrocytic GSSG were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different in both the treatments than control, as observed after the 6th week. Stress hormones namely cortisol and thyroxine (T4) were observed to be significantly (P ≥ 0.05) higher in the untreated controls than the treated groups. Mean total immunoglobulin (Ig) level was significantly (P ≥ 0.01) higher in polyherbal premix and vitamin C treated birds than control birds after the 6th week of study. It can be concluded from the results that oxidative stress in broilers during summer could be ameliorated using antioxidant synthetic vitamin C and the polyherbal antistressor, immunomodulator and adaptogenic feed premix.

	 

	Key words: Antioxidants, glutathione, herbal, hormones, hypolipidaemic, immunity, stress.
Gabor-based detection of needle planes in 3D ultrasound data volumes (2015)

Medical interventions with needles have a wide variety of applications in diagnosis and treatments, e.g. in regional anesthesia and biopsy. During these interventions, medical imaging modalities, particularly ultrasound (US), are used to locate and guide the needle in order to minimize risks to the patient and improve health outcomes. However, performing the procedure is very challenging, as any hand motion may exclude parts of the needle from the image and lead to an erroneous needle placement. Alternative external tracking systems are not widespread, since they require additional equipment in the operating room, need specific skills to operate the additional systems and they add costs to the US system and the needle. In contrast, a 3D US system that is extended with an appropriate image-based analysis can overcome the previous limitations in US-guided interventions and improve the guidance of the needle without requiring any external tracking systems [1]. Nevertheless, performance of such algorithms is limited to the properties and quality of US, such as low signal-to-noise ratio, speckle noise, imaging artifacts and anisotropy in images. In our study [2], we present an algorithm to reliably detect and track a needle in 3D US using a directionallysensitive spectral transformation, i.e. 3D Gabor transform. In this paper, we present the detection results in several invitro and ex-vivo situations and show the robustness of our method in cases of different complexity.
A Recombinant scFv/Streptavidin-Binding Peptide Fusion Protein for the Quantitative Determination of the Scorpion Venom Neurotoxin AahI (2001)

We created a construct encoding a peptide known to mimic the binding properties of biotin fused to the carboxy-terminus of a scFv fragment that binds a scorpion toxin (AahI). This fusion protein was produced in the periplasm of bacteria and purified to homogeneity by single-step affinity chromatography on streptavidin-agarose with a yield close to 1 mg/l. DNA sequencing, dot blot and mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated the integrity of the soluble immunoconjugate. Fusion to the streptavidin-binding peptide did not affect the ability of the scFv to recognize its antigen with a high affinity (Kd = 2.3 x 10(-10) M). Similarly, the streptavidin-binding property was not impaired in the fusion protein. Thus, the immunoconjugate was bifunctional and had a low molecular mass of 28 kDa. This enabled us to develop rapid and sensitive immunoassays for the specific detection of the toxin AahI accurately to 0.6 ng/ml, opening up new perspectives for the diagnosis of envenomations.
Parallelized 16-gigapixel microscopy for rapid imaging of multiple whole slides (2022)

We present a new multi-camera array microscope (MCAM) that can capture images at single micrometer resolution over 54 cm 2 fields of view, which contain up to 16 gigapixels, and associated software for seamless viewing and analysis.
Higher-order kinoforms (1990)

Several arguments are made for using higher-order, rather than first-order, kinoforms for producing low f-number diffractive lenses. It is shown that improved efficiency can be achieved with higer-order kinoforms when the f-number of the lens is very low. A procedure for the fabrication of higher-order kinoforms is also presented.