gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tradeoff Between Distributed Social Learning and Herding Effect in Online Rating Systems (2017)

We investigated how social diffusion increased client participation in an online rating system and, in turn, how this herding effect may affect the metrics of client feedback over the course of years. In a field study, we set up a transparent feedback system for university services: During the process of making service requests, clients were presented with short-term trends of client satisfaction with relevant service outcomes. Deploying this feedback system initially increased satisfaction moderately. Thereafter, mean satisfaction levels remained stable between 50% and 60%. Interestingly, at the individual client level, satisfaction increased significantly with experience despite the lack of any global trend across all users. These conflicting results can be explained at the social network level: If satisfied clients attracted new clients with more negative attitudes (a herding effect), then the net increase in service clients may dampen changes in global trends at the individual level. Three observations support this hypothesis: first, the number of service clients providing feedback increased monotonically over time. Second, spatial analysis of service requests showed a pattern of expansion from floor to floor. Finally, satisfaction increased over iterations only in clients who scored below average.
Depot fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate: comparative rates of release in dogs (1975)

Journal Article Depot fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate: comparative rates of release in dogs Get access J Dreyfuss, J Dreyfuss Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J J Ross, J J Ross Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J M Shaw, J M Shaw Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I Miller, I Miller Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E C Schreiber E C Schreiber Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1975, Pages 791–792, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09407.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 17 April 1975 Published: 12 April 2011
Digital identity (2004)

The lack of conceptual clarity reflected by the overload of the word is confounding the ubiquitous practice of risk management via identity management. Thus we clarifies the nature of identification in a digital networked world, as opposed to a paper-based world. The examples and the context are identification as used in law enforcement in the United States. Together the definitions and the examples illustrate the importance of developing policies with recognition of the social implications of technical change.
Necessary density conditions for MIMO sampling of multiband inputs (2003)

We consider a sampling scheme where a set of multiband input signals is passed through a MIMO channel and the outputs are sampled nonuniformly. MIMO sampling is a general scheme that encompasses various other schemes, including Papoulis' generalized sampling and nonuniform sampling as special cases. We present necessary density conditions for stable nonuniform MIMO sampling and consistent reconstruction of the multiband inputs.
The Role of TRAF4 and B3GAT1 Gene Expression in the Food Hypersensitivity and Insect Venom Allergy in Mastocytosis (2016)

Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from the mast cells, such as generalized itching, redness, headache, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bone pain or arthritis, hypotension and shock. The possible severe, fatal or near fatal reactions caused by food hypersensitivity are reasons for the research focused on marker identification. The aim of the study was to analyse the gene expression differences in mastocytosis patients with and without food and drug hypersensitivity and insect venom allergy (IVA). A total of 57 Caucasian patients with mastocytosis were studied [median age 41.8; range 18-77 years; 15 (26.3 %) males and 42 (73.7 %) females]. Quantitative RT-PCRs of 11 genes plus ribosomal 18S RNA were run. Symptoms of food hypersensitivity were found in 12 patients (21 %), including 3 patients (13 %) with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM), and 9 (28 %) with indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM). IVA was confirmed in 13 patients (22.8 %) including 6 patients (10.5 %) with CM, and 7 patients (12.3 %) with ISM. Drug hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 10 patients (17.5 %). Significant differences in the gene expression were found for TRAF4 (p = 0.008) in the comparison of the mastocytosis patients with and without concomitant food hypersensitivity. Furthermore significant differences were found in gene expression for B3GAT1 (p = 0.003) in patients with IVA compared to patients without insect sting anaphylaxis in the medical history. The expression of studied genes did not differ according to the presence of drug hypersensitivity. The TRAF4 expression was higher in mastocytosis patients with food hypersensitivity in their medical history, the B3GAT1 expression was lower in mastocytosis patients with IVA in history.
Carbanion Rearrangements. II2 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbanion Rearrangements. II2Howard E. Zimmerman and Arnold ZweigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 5, 1196–1213Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01466a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01466a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views972Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Déjà Vu: a user study using images for authentication (2000)

Current secure systems suffer because they neglect the importance of human factors in security. We address a fundamental weakness of knowledge-based authentication schemes, which is the human limitation to remember secure passwords. Our approach to improve the security of these systems relies on recognition-based, rather than recall-based authentication. We examine the requirements of a recognition-based authentication system and propose Deja Vu, which authenticates a user through her ability to recognize previously seen images. Deja Vu is more reliable and easier to use than traditional recall-based schemes, which require the user to precisely recall passwords or PINs. Furthermore, it has the advantage that it prevents users from choosing weak passwords and makes it difficult to write down or share passwords with others.

We develop a prototype of Deja Vu and conduct a user study that compares it to traditional password and PIN authentication. Our user study shows that 90% of all participants succeeded in the authentication tests using Deja Vu while only about 70% succeeded using passwords and PINS. Our findings indicate that Deja Vu has potential applications, especially where text input is hard (e.g., PDAs or ATMs), or in situations where passwords are infrequently used (e.g., web site passwords).
HEDGEHOG/GLI-E2F1 axis modulates iASPP expression and function and regulates melanoma cell growth (2015)

HEDGEHOG (HH) signaling is a key regulator of tissue development and its aberrant activation is involved in several cancer types, including melanoma. We and others have shown a reciprocal cross talk between HH signaling and p53, whose function is often impaired in melanoma. Here we present evidence that both GLI1 and GLI2, the final effectors of HH signaling, regulate the transcription factor E2F1 in melanoma cells, by binding to a functional non-canonical GLI consensus sequence. Consistently, we find a significant correlation between E2F1 and PATCHED1 (PTCH1), GLI1 and GLI2 expression in human melanomas. Functionally, we find that E2F1 is a crucial mediator of HH signaling and it is required for melanoma cell proliferation and xenograft growth induced by activation of the HH pathway. Interestingly, we present evidence that the HH/GLI-E2F1 axis positively modulates the inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) at multiple levels. HH activation induces iASPP expression through E2F1, which directly binds to iASPP promoter. HH pathway also contributes to iASPP function, by the induction of Cyclin B1 and by the E2F1-dependent regulation of CDK1, which are both involved in iASPP activation. Our data show that activation of HH signaling enhances proliferation in presence of E2F1 and promotes apoptosis in its absence or upon CDK1 inhibition, suggesting that E2F1/iASPP dictates the outcome of HH signaling in melanoma. Together, these findings identify a novel HH/GLI-E2F1-iASPP axis that regulates melanoma cell growth and survival, providing an additional mechanism through which HH signaling restrains p53 proapoptotic function.
The pX region of the bovine leukemia virus is transcribed as a 2.1-kilobase mRNA (1985)

The bovine leukemia virus mRNAs expressed in cultured bovine cells of various origins are a 9.0-kilobase genomic RNA, a 5.1-kilobase env RNA, and a newly detected 2.1-kilobase RNA corresponding to the transcription of pX sequences located in between the env gene and the 3' end of the provirus.
Reduction of Medial Compartment Loads with Valgus Bracing of the Osteoarthritic Knee (2002)

Adjustable valgus bracing was effective in reducing medial compartment load and subsequent pain while also improving knee function in a group of patients with osteoarthritis.
The role of pendrin in acute lung injury caused by ventilator-induced lung injury (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Pendrin (SLC26A4) is a transmembrane protein exchanging anions like bicarbonate, iodide and others for chloride. Recent data indicate that the expression of the transporter is upregulated in inflammatory airways diseases. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of pendrin expression in ventilator-induced acute lung injury (VILI) animal model. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The VILI was induced by high tidal volume (HTV) of 30ml/kg and a frequency of 100 breaths/min with 0cm H2O end expiratory pressure and inspired oxygen fraction of 0.21 for 5 hours in pendrin Wild-Type (WT) and Knock-Out (KO) 129SVEV mice. Lung injury parameters were assessed in lung injury scoring, and lung lysated were evaluated using cytokine ELISA and Western-blotting of SLC26A4. <b>Results:</b> The number of total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly increased in pendrin WT mice after VILI, compared to non-ventilation pendrin WT and KO mice (control group) and pendrin KO mice supine and prone position group with VILI. The western blotting of pendrin expression was higher in the pendrin WT mice with VILI than in the pendrin KO mice with VILI and control group. In addition, in the lung pathology, pendrin WT mice with VILI represents a significant increase in leukocytes infiltration and lung injury, relative to pendrin KO mice with VILI and control group mice. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (KC) significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines in KO mice compared to pendrin WT mice with VILI. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our data suggest that pendrin plays critical role in ventilator induced lung inflammation and pendrin could be a novel therapeutic target for modulating VILI.
Frontispiz: Photoinduced Rearrangement of Dienones and Santonin Rerouted by Amines (2018)

Photochemie P. B. Alper und Mitarbeiter zeigen in der Zuschrift auf S. 916, wie lichtinduzierte Umlagerungen einfacher 2,5-Dienone sowie des Naturstoffs Santonin durch die Wahl des Amin-Reaktionspartners umgelenkt werden können.
The Chemical Sciences and Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (2018)

There has been mounting concern over the absence of gender equality in the sciences in recent years. This has been accompanied by a broadening of the perspective, in order to address issues of equality, diversity and inclusion, relating to a wide range of circumstances in which individuals suffer discrimination. While some progress has been made in some countries, nationally or at the level of institutions, much more needs to be done. The chemical sciences can play a leading role in addressing biases, through 1) becoming a model of good systemic practice in policies, processes, and actions; 2) developing practical skills through training in cultural competence; and 3) promoting a stronger evidence base to uncover both the extent of problems and the degree to which approaches to improve equality, diversity, and inclusion are working.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Angular Dioxinocoumarins. (1989)

Abstract As part of a project concerned with the therapeutic applications of benzodioxins the title compounds (VI) and (XI) are synthesized.
Cytosolic condensates rich in polyserine define subcellular sites of tau aggregation (2023)

Tau aggregates are a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases and can contain RNAs and RNA-binding proteins, including serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2 (SRRM2) and pinin (PNN). However, how these nuclear proteins mislocalize and their influence on the prion-like propagation of tau aggregates is unknown. We demonstrate that polyserine repeats in SRRM2 and PNN are necessary and sufficient for recruitment to tau aggregates. Moreover, we show tau aggregates preferentially grow in association with endogenous cytoplasmic assemblies-mitotic interchromatin granules and cytoplasmic speckles (CSs)-which contain SRRM2 and PNN. Polyserine overexpression in cells nucleates assemblies that are sites of tau aggregate growth. Further, modulating the levels of polyserine-containing proteins results in a corresponding change in tau aggregation. These findings define a specific protein motif, and cellular condensates, that promote tau aggregate propagation. As CSs form in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neurons under inflammatory or hyperosmolar stress, they may affect tau aggregate propagation in neurodegenerative disease.
Bimetallic systems. Part 15. Some reactions of platinum–manganese carbonyl complexes containing bridging Ph2PCH2PPh2(dppm) ligands (1986)

Treatment of [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2PtCl] with either Li(CCPh) or with PhCCH–NEt3 gives [(OC)2Mn(µ-dppm)2(µ-CO)Pt(CCPh)](1c), in which one of the CO ligands is probably weakly semi-bridging. A CCC6H4Me-p complex was made similarly. Treatment of compound (1c) with HBF4·Et2O gives [(OC)3Mn(µ-H)(µ-dppm)2Pt(CCPh)]BF4, reversibly. Treatment of [(OC)3Mn-(µ-dppm)2PtBr] with NaBH4 or N2H4·H2O gives the corresponding hydride [(OC)2Mn(µ-dppm)2-(µ-CO)PtH] which reacts reversibly with HBF4·Et2O to give [(OC)3Mn(µ-H)(µ-dppm)2PtH]BF4. Treatment of [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2PtBr] with TIPF6–CO gives [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2Pt(CO)]PF6, which is protonated by HBF4·Et2O to give [(OC)3Mn(µ-H)(µ-dppm)2Pt(CO)]BF4(PF6) and also reacts reversibly with OMe– to give [(OC)2Mn(µ-dppm)2(µ-CO)Pt(CO2Me)]. The compound [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2PtBr] reacts with CNBut to give [(OC)2Mn(µ-dppm)2(µ-CO)Pt(CNBut)]+ which, in turn, could be protonated reversibly by HBF4·Et2O to give [(OC)3Mn(µ-H)(µ-dppm)2-Pt(CNBut)]2+, isolated as the mixed BF4––PF6– salt. Treatment of [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2PtBr] with NOBF4 gives an NO+ adduct possibly with a weakly bridging NO ligand, viz. [(OC)3Mn(µ-dppm)2(µ-NO)PtBr]BF4. Hydrogen-1, 31P-{1H} n.m.r, and i.r. data are given.
Some recent advances in aerodynamics of DLR (1998)

Summary: The paper gives an overview of recent advances in aerodynamics at DLR. First, some progresses in the development of simulation-co ncepts are described. This is followed by an appraisal of progress in numerical, experimental and applied technologies. Finally, an overview over aerodynamic design-work on new configurations is given. An outlook resumes the paper.
Random problems with R (2018)

R (Version 3.5.1 patched) has an issue with its random sampling functionality. R generates random integers between $1$ and $m$ by multiplying random floats by $m$, taking the floor, and adding $1$ to the result. Well-known quantization effects in this approach result in a non-uniform distribution on $\{ 1, \ldots, m\}$. The difference, which depends on $m$, can be substantial. Because the sample function in R relies on generating random integers, random sampling in R is biased. There is an easy fix: construct random integers directly from random bits, rather than multiplying a random float by $m$. That is the strategy taken in Python's numpy.random.randint() function, among others. Example source code in Python is available at https://github.com/statlab/cryptorandom/blob/master/cryptorandom/cryptorandom.py (see functions getrandbits() and randbelow_from_randbits()).
Performance of buffered banyan networks under nonuniform traffic patterns (1990)

An analytical method of evaluating the performance of the buffered banyan packet-switching network under nonuniform traffic patterns is presented. It is shown that nonuniform traffic can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the network. The analytical model is extended to evaluate the performance of multibuffer and parallel banyan networks. These modified networks are shown to have better throughput capacity and delay performance than the single-buffer banyan network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measuring quality of geographical information using imperfect reference data (2007)

In the past, theories of quality measuring of imperfect data have always assumed the use of perfect reference data. In practice, this isn't always the case. In our new approach we consider the possibility of measuring quality using imperfect reference data. Especially the use of classified satellite images is considered. The question we want to answer is what can be said about the quality of a questioned object taking the quality of the reference data as input: is it good, is it bad or is it unknown? In first instance, an imperfection model for the reference data is built based on possibility theory. From this we extract a fuzzy egg-yolk model, consisting of two parts: a fuzzy set of what must be in the object and a fuzzy set of what might be in the object. A special buffering operation is defined to build in tolerance in relation to the mistakes in the classified satellite images. Operators are defined for measuring quality using this model. Finally the method is tested and evaluated. It is shown that bad quality can often be stated, but that it is difficult to confirm good quality when the quality of the reference data is insufficient.
Drift shell bifurcation near the dayside magnetopause in realistic magnetospheric magnetic fields (2010)

We study trapped energetic particles in the terrestrial magnetosphere undergoing drift shell bifurcation in the magnetic field lacking north‐south and east‐west symmetry. Drift shell bifurcation occurs near the dayside magnetopause, where, due to the solar wind compression, the field strength has a local maximum near the equatorial plane. As a result, a charged particle may become temporarily trapped in one of the hemispheres while traversing the region. Although this phenomenon has been known for a long time, only recently were the associated second invariant changes quantified for the magnetic field with north‐south and east‐west symmetry. Here we show that if the magnetic field lacks such symmetry, the effect is more significant. We calculate changes to the second invariant of keV to MeV electrons in Tsyganenko magnetic fields with nonzero interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B Y component. The changes are on the order of the invariant itself, and thus, this effect is much larger than for the case of symmetric magnetic field (when the particle gyroradius is much less than the magnetospheric scale length). We also quantify the effect for different values of the solar wind dynamic pressure, IMF B Z component, and the Dst index with the Tsyganenko magnetic field T02. We find that Dst has no noticeable role, while larger solar wind ram pressure increases the second invariant changes. We verify our calculations by numerical integration of the guiding center drift equations and discuss properties of different versions of these equations.
Observation of temperature-dependent transport in the TFTR tokamak (1991)

Local particle and heat transport coefficients have been measured in a temperature scan of neutral-beam--heated plasmas with n, ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{p}}$, and ${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{p}\mathit{h}\mathit{i}}$ held constant. The electron transport is ascertained from a flux analysis of a small density perturbation, and the heat transport is obtained from the equilibrium power balance. The transport coefficients vary as ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$, where \ensuremath{\alpha}=1.5--2.5. The observed temperature dependence is predicted by numerical calculations of anomalous transport due to trapped-particle drift-type microinstabilities.
Use of 129caesium, 99Tcm stannous pyrophosphate, and a combination of the two in the assessment of myocardial infarction. (1978)

Acutely damaged myocardium was shown in 103 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction using 99Tcm pyp. A significant incidence of false positive and false negative results occurred, 'true' results being defined by standard clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzyme criteria. Localisation of infarction compared reasonably well with standard electrocardiographic criteria but more frequently suggested true posterior involvement. Serial estimates of infarct size may be of value in the recognition of infarct extension during the acute phase. Viable perfused myocardium was shown in 63 patients with a variety of cardiac disorders using 129Cs. The technique gives a reliable indication of anterior infarction but tends to underestimate inferior infarction. There was good correlation with the electrocardiogram with regard to localisation and extent of infarction. Nineteen patients received both isotopes and were included in each of the above groups. The combination permits further assessment of equivocal results Furthermore as 129Cs demonstrates both previous and recent infarction and 99Tcm pyp accumulates only in acutely damaged myocardium it was possible to estimate the extent of previous and recent myocardial damage.