gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Microstructure–Microtexture Characterization of Pipeline Steel (2007)

The microstructural anisotropy together with the crystallographic texture of an industrial grade of X70 pipeline steel is studied by means of the 3D-EBSD technique known also as EBS3 which was recently developed by FEI. Samples of size 8x10x3mm³ were cut from the middle thickness of an industrial rolled plate and after special sample preparation have been studied in a Nova 600 dual beam scanning electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun and HKL Channel 6 EBSD data collection software for crystallographic orientation, which allows multiple sectioning of the sample in automatic mode and, afterwards reconstruction of both the 3D microstructure and texture of the examined volume. Three scanned zones of different volumes that varied between 15x10x27 4m³ and 16x14x6 4m³ have been examined and the results for the crystallographic orientation, grain shape and grain shape orientation are discussed together with the data for the anisotropy of the Charpy impact toughness of the material.
On a conjecture of Aris: Proof and remarks (1967)

Abstract In this paper a conjecture of Aris is proved to be correct, that of all catalyst particles of fixed volume for isothermal first‐order chemical reactions the spherical particle has the lowest effectiveness factor. The method of proof uses a process of symmetrization. Some conjectures are also made about other chemical reactions. The method of proof is also valid for two‐dimensional domain (infinite cylinder).
Ventriculo-vascular interactions in patients with β thalassaemia major (2005)

An unfavourable ventriculo-vascular interaction, as characterised by impaired cardiac contractility and increased static and pulsatile vascular load, occurs in patients with beta thalassaemia major.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk and target organ damage among adult patients with primary hypertension in Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya: a criteria-based clinical audit (2013)

In Thika Level 5 Hospital, audit and feedback has a poor impact on assessment of cardiovascular risk and target organ damage but positive impact on blood pressure control and prescription practices. Time and sample size may have affected observed results. Additional audits and alternative QI strategies are warranted.
Cryptostegia Leaf Rubber. (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCryptostegia Leaf Rubber.S. R. Hoover, T. J. Dietz, J. Naghski, and J. W. White Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 9, 803–809Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50429a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50429a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Measurement of electrostatic and site‐specific associations of alkali metal cations with humic acid (1993)

SUMMARY A discontinuous acidimetric titration method incorporating ultrafiltration was developed to measure the association of a soil humic acid with Li + t, Na + and K + (pH 3 to 8). In addition, possible site‐specific binding of these alkali metal cations was investigated using desorption experiments at pH 1. Li, Na and K cations behaved equivalently in the titrations and the amounts of these cations associated with the humic acid was measurable at all pH values between 3 and 8. Up to 90% of the total alkali metal cation was humate‐associated at pH 8. The absolute amount of humic‐associated cation did not depend on the alkali metal cation concentration, but rather on the solution alkalinity. In addition, the net charge of the humate polyanion made a negligible contribution to the electroneutrality of the bulk solution under all conditions. These results are consistent with a diffuse layer model of hydrated humic acid in which the alkali metal cations neutralize the humic charge. The association of Na+ andK+ with humic acid at pH 1 was successfully described by a Langmuir adsorption model. The number of sites per g of humic acid was very small, and greater for K+ than for Nat. Lithium cations exhibited no detectable humic association at pH 1. These differences suggest that humic acids may have a small number of specific binding sites for which the size of the hydrated cation is important.
Effect of Exercise on Aortic Atherosclerosis and Other Cardiovascular Variables Among Hyper- and Hypotensive Turkeys (1983)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of physical training on the turkey cardiovascular system. Sexually mature (Experiment 1) and immature (Experiment 2) Large White turkeys were used. Equal numbers of genetically hypertensive and hypotensive birds were used in each experiment. In each experimental group, birds were randomly divided into exercise and control treatments. Assessments were made with regard to training effects and differences associated with genetic blood pressure strain. Exercise had no significant effect on the severity of atherosclerosis or serum lipid levels in either experiment. Significantly greater hematocrits were recorded among birds exercised in Experiment 1; however, hemoglobin concentration did not follow this trend. Exercise was also associated with increased cardiac dimensions (Experiment 1) and increased body weight (Experiment 2). Genetic hypertension was associated with accelerated atherogenesis and higher serum cholesterol levels in immature birds, and in mature birds cardiac enlargement was associated with hypertension. Differences in behavior response to exercise were observed between the two experiments. Sexually mature hypertensive turkeys showed less endurance to the walking regimen than the hypotensive turkeys, but no such differences were observed in immature hypertensive or hypotensive birds.
On the Feasibility of Learning Finger-gaiting In-hand Manipulation with Intrinsic Sensing (2022)

Finger-gaiting manipulation is an important skill to achieve large-angle in-hand re-orientation of objects. However, achieving these gaits with arbitrary orientations of the hand is challenging due to the unstable nature of the task. In this work, we use model-free reinforcement learning (RL) to learn finger-gaiting only via precision grasps and demonstrate finger-gaiting for rotation about an axis using only on-board proprioceptive and tactile feedback. To tackle the inherent instability of precision grasping, we propose the use of initial state distributions that enable effective exploration of the state space. Our method can learn finger gaiting with better sample complexity than the state-of-the-art. The policies we obtain are robust to noise and perturbations, and transfer to novel objects. Videos can be found at https://roamlab.github.io/learnfg/
Bicyclic Bases. III. Isomeric 2-Amino-3-phenylnorbornanes1 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclic Bases. III. Isomeric 2-Amino-3-phenylnorbornanes1GEORGE I. POOS, JOHN KLEIS, RAYMOND R. WITTEKIND, and JANET D. ROSENAUCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 4898–4904Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01070a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sialic Acid Functions in Enterovirus 70 Binding and Infection (2002)

The interaction of viruses with host cell receptors is the initial step in viral infection and is an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. The complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (DAF/CD55) is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 70 (EV70), a member of the Picornaviridae, commonly associated with an eye infection in humans known as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. In early work, the EV70 receptor on erythrocytes, responsible for its hemagglutinating activity, was shown to be sensitive to neuraminidase, implying an essential role for sialic acid in virus attachment. Here, we extend these results to show that cell surface sialic acid is required for EV70 binding to nucleated cells susceptible to virus infection and that sialic acid binding is important in productive infection. Through the use of site-directed mutagenesis to eliminate the single N-linked glycosylation site of DAF and of a chimeric receptor protein in which the O-glycosylated domain of DAF was replaced by a region of the HLA-B44 molecule, a role in EV70 binding for the sialic acid residues of DAF was excluded, suggesting the existence of at least one additional, sialylated EV70-binding factor at the cell surface. Treatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors of glycosylation excluded a role for the N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins but suggested that O-linked glycosylation is important for EV70 binding.
Global transcriptome analysis of the heat shock response of Bifidobacterium longum (2007)

Bifidobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and have been widely used as functional foods in different products. During industrial processing, bacterial cells undergo several stresses that can limit large-scale production and stability of the final product. To better understand the stress-response mechanisms of bifidobacteria, microarrays were used to obtain a global transcriptome profile of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 exposed to a heat shock treatment at 50 degrees C for 3, 7 and 12 min. Gene expression data highlighted a profound modification of gene expression, with 46% of the genes being altered. This analysis revealed a slow-down of Bi. longum general metabolic activity during stress with a simultaneous activation of the classical heat shock stimulon. Moreover, the expression of several genes with unknown function was highly induced under stress conditions. Three of these were conserved in other bacteria species where they were also previously shown to be induced by high temperature, suggesting their widespread role in the heat stress response. Finally, the implication of the trans-translation machinery in the response of Bi. longum cells to heat shock was suggested by the induction of the gene encoding the tmRNA-associated small protein B (SmpB) with concomitant high constitutive expression of the tmRNA gene.
DNA sequence amplification in human prostate cancer identified by chromosome microdissection: potential prognostic implications. (1995)

The primary aim of this report was to examine the significance of increased DNA sequence copy number (gene amplification) in human prostate cancers. Three methodologies (chromosome microdissection, comparative genomic hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization) were combined to (a) identify a common region of gene amplification in human prostate cells and (b) evaluate in patient samples the prevalence of this genetic change in both primary and recurrent prostate samples. The results of chromosome microdissection revealed a common amplified band region (8q24.1-24. 2) in two prostate cases with cytological evidence of gene amplification (double minutes). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the 8q microdissection probe was performed on fresh tumor touch preparations from 44 randomly selected prostatectomy specimens. Amplification of DNA sequences from 8q24 was observed in 4 (9%) of 44 cases. Four of the 44 patients in this series presented with a positive lymph node at initial diagnosis and 3 of these 4 patients showed 8q amplification. Because of this finding, comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed on tumor cells from nine prostate cancer patients with recurrent disease. In eight of nine cases a gain of DNA sequences encompassing 8q24 was observed. Taken together with other evidence implicating 8q gain in prostate cancer progression, these results suggest that the analysis of this genetic change may have diagnostic utility as a marker of prostate cancer progression.
Monitoring Peripheral Nerve Function During External Fixation of Upper Extremities (1997)

Summary: Limb lengthening of the upper extremity using external fixation devices is associated with a high risk of neurovascular impairment. To aid early detection of nerve injury, intraoperative monitoring of neural function was performed in five patients undergoing Ilizarov-type circular external-fixator application. The apparatus was applied to the humerus in two cases and to the forearm in the other three cases. The function of ulnar, median, and radial nerves was assessed continuously throughout the surgery by using sensory-evoked potential (SEP) monitoring technique. The responses were elicited by stimulation of these nerves in the distal forearm with recording at Erb's point and over the anterior cervical spine. During apparatus application, radial-response attenuation was identified in two instances. No corrective actions were performed in one case, and the patient had symptoms of radial nerve deficit postoperatively. In the other case, prompt removal of the offending half-pin after the detection of electrophysiologic abnormalities resulted in subsequent response restoration and the avoidance of postoperative nerve dysfunction. Sensory-evoked potential monitoring proved to be a reliable indicator of nerve compromise during external fixation of upper extremities and may be considered a valuable surgical adjunct.
Tuning the Carrier Injection Efficiency for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2000)

Organic light-emitting diodes based on tris-8-(hydroxyquinoline) aluminum and N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-(2-naphthyl)-(1,1‘-phenyl)-4,4‘-diamine (NPB) ordinarily have an operating stability of less than 1000 h. Stability and efficiency are, however, dramatically enhanced by interposing a copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the NPB hole-transport layer. To specifically understand the origin of an interlayer-induced increase in light output, we have directly measured and analyzed the effective hole injection efficiency from ITO into NPB as a function of the CuPc interlayer thickness. Because NPB is trap free, a direct and self-consistent measure of the hole injection efficiency can be determined from the measured drift mobility and dark current at the same applied field. By this means, we have been able to demonstrate that the hole transport from the ITO anode to the NPB is injection-limited and that the hole injection efficiency is reduced progressively as the CuPc interlayer thickness is systematically increased in the range from 0 to 30 nm. In fact, the diminution of hole injection from ITO into NPB is already significant for a CuPc layer thickness of as little as 2 nm. The ITO anode used in the present study has a work function of 4.4 eV, as measured by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The increase in device efficiency induced by insertion of a CuPc layer is correlated with a decrease in hole injection efficiency. As a consequence, it must be attributed to an improved balance between hole and electron currents arriving at the recombination zone.
Informationsübertragung und Informationsverarbeitung in der Quantenwelt (1996)

Abstract In den allerletzten Jahren wurden eine Reihe von neuen Konzepten entwickelt, die quantenmechanische Prinzipien und Methoden in der Informationsübertragung und Informationsverarbeitung anwenden. Die bekanntesten Schlagworte in diesem Zusammenhang sind Quantenkryptographie und Quantencomputer. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine kurze Einführung in die Grundprinzipien und einen Überblick über dieses neue Gebiet.
Myasthenia gravis: descriptive analysis of life‐threatening events in a recent nationwide registry (2015)

The percentage of LTEs in MG patients was low, particularly amongst those previously diagnosed and treated for the disease. The significant percentage of treatment-resistant LTEs indicates that more effective treatment approaches are needed for this vulnerable sub-population.
Rediscovery of an old article reporting that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation, indicating that exposure doses of A-bomb survivors were largely underestimated (2017)

The A-bomb blast released a huge amount of energy: thermal radiation (35%), blast energy (50%), and nuclear radiation (15%). Of the 15%, 5% was initial radiation released within 30 s and 10% was residual radiation, the majority of which was fallout. Exposure doses of hibakusha (A-bomb survivors) were estimated solely on the basis of the initial radiation. The effects of the residual radiation on hibakusha have been considered controversial; some groups assert that the residual radiation was negligible, but others refute that assertion. I recently discovered a six-decade-old article written in Japanese by a medical doctor, Gensaku Obo, from Hiroshima City. This article clearly indicates that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation. It reports that non-hibakusha who entered Hiroshima soon after the blast suffered from severe acute radiation sickness, including burns, external injuries, fever, diarrhea, skin bleeding, sore throat and loss of hair-as if they were real hibakusha. This means that (i) some of those who entered Hiroshima in the early days after the blast could be regarded as indirect hibakusha; (ii) 'in-the-city-control' people in the Life Span Study (LSS) must have been irradiated more or less from residual radiation and could not function properly as the negative control; (iii) exposure doses of hibakusha were largely underestimated; and (iv) cancer risk in the LSS was largely overestimated. Obo's article is very important to understand the health effects of A-bombs so that the essence of it is translated from Japanese to English with the permission of the publisher.
Carbon Materials as Catalysts (2008)

Understanding the exact structure and surface characteristics of carbon materials is very important for design, synthesis, and utilization of the best carbon form with particular functions and high performance for practical applications such as selective adsorption adsorbents, energy storage materials, catalysts or catalyst supports, etc. This review paper focuses on carbon surface properties and the interaction between gaseous or liquid substances and carbon surface. Catalytic functions of carbon materials are reviewed including recent progress in synthesis and applications of nano-carbons.
The assessment and appraisal of regenerative medicines and cell therapy products: an exploration of methods for review, economic evaluation and appraisal (2017)

The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
The Role of KRAS rs61764370 in Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Clinical Testing (2011)

These data exclude the possibility of an association between rs61764370 and a clinically significant risk of ovarian cancer or of familial ovarian cancer. Use of this SNP for ovarian cancer clinical risk prediction, therefore, seems unwarranted.
Synthesis of a 2, 4, 8-Trisubstituted Pyrimidino[5, 4-d]Pyrimidine Library via Sequential SNAr Reactions on Solid-Phase (2004)

A solid-phase synthesis of 2, 4, 8-substituted pyrimidino[5, 4-d]pyrimidines involving three controlled S(N)Ar reactions has been developed. Exploration of different heterocyclic starting materials and resin-bound intermediates is highlighted. The preferred method starts with the treatment of resin-bound anilines with 2, 4, 8-trichloropyrimidino[5, 4-d]pyrimidine. This intermediate is subsequently treated with various amines in two steps to yield the final products. The scope of each diversity step was determined and a library of 16, 000 compounds was synthesized.
Superconductive energy storage for large systems (1975)

A summary report of a three-year study of superconductive energy storage for large utility systems is presented. The preferred conceptual design choices include: large, thin-walled solenoids, 1. 8 K cooling, TiNb in aluminum composite conductors at 5 tesla, bedrock structural support for both axial and radial forces, and a three-phase Graetz (ac/dc) bridge converter interface to the power grid. Preliminary estimates show that capital costs are given by $/kW = 40 + 125 (P/1000) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/3</sup> (t/2) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> Where P is the average power in MW and t is the discharge (peaking) time in hours. A typical operating loss is 10 ∼ 15% of the stored energy. The concept is technically feasible requiring only present day technology.
Semi-Quantitative Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA by "Real-Time" RT-PCR (2003)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause for liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Quantification of HCV-RNA has become an important tool to tailor and monitor antiviral therapies for this disease (). Although a low viral load is associated with a higher efficacy of Interferonm (IFN)-α/ribavirin combination therapies, patients with a high viral load respond more poorly to this treatment and require a longer duration of therapy. In addition, the HCV-RNA status in serum during treatment is used as a marker for the short-term success of therapy.
Table S7 from Cross-Cohort Analysis Identifies a TEAD4–MYCN Positive Feedback Loop as the Core Regulatory Element of High-Risk Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA-seq derived signatures and pathway analysis from shTEAD4, shMYCN ans shWWTR1&lt;/p&gt;