gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle (2006)

Many forms of cardiac disease are characterized by cardiomyocyte death due to necrosis, apoptosis and/or oncosis. Recently, the notion of promoting cardiac regeneration as a means to replace damaged heart tissue has engendered considerable interest. One approach to accomplish heart muscle regeneration entails promoting cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in the surviving myocardium. Genetically modified mice have provided useful model systems to test the efficacy of specific pathways to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in normal and diseased hearts. For example, expression of a heart-restricted dominant interfering version of p193 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase also known as Cul7) resulted in an induction of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity at the infarct border zone and ventricular septum 4 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion. A concomitant reduction in hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth was also observed in this model, suggesting that cell cycle activation partially counteracted the adverse ventricular remodelling that occurs post-infarction. In other studies, targeted expression of cyclin D2 promoted cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in adult hearts. The level of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity increased after myocardial infarction, ultimately resulting in a marked increase in cardiomyocyte number and a concomitant regression of infarct size. Collectively, these data suggest that modulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity can be exploited to promote regenerative growth in injured hearts.
Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Monoalkylimidazolium‐Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Preparation by Intercalative Polymerization and Thermal Stability Study (2004)

Abstract Summary: Poly(propylene)/monoalkylimidazolium‐modified montmorillonite (PP/IMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ intercalative polymerization of propylene with TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 /MMT catalyst. The PP synthesized possessed high isotacticity and molecular weight. Both wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations evidenced the nanocomposite formation with exfoliated MMT homogeneously distributed in the PP matrix. A thermal stability study revealed that the nanocomposites possess good thermal stability. X‐ray diffraction patterns of PP/IMMT (MMT = 2.2 wt.‐%) nanocomposite before and after processing. image X‐ray diffraction patterns of PP/IMMT (MMT = 2.2 wt.‐%) nanocomposite before and after processing.
Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Models (2015)

The Flickr30k dataset has become a standard benchmark for sentence-based image description. This paper presents Flickr30k Entities, which augments the 158k captions from Flickr30k with 244k coreference chains, linking mentions of the same entities across different captions for the same image, and associating them with 276k manually annotated bounding boxes. Such annotations are essential for continued progress in automatic image description and grounded language understanding. They enable us to define a new benchmark for localization of textual entity mentions in an image. We present a strong baseline for this task that combines an image-text embedding, detectors for common objects, a color classifier, and a bias towards selecting larger objects. While our baseline rivals in accuracy more complex state-of-the-art models, we show that its gains cannot be easily parlayed into improvements on such tasks as image-sentence retrieval, thus underlining the limitations of current methods and the need for further research.
3D Stacking of Heterogeneous Chiplets on Modified FOWLP Platform with Thru-Silicon Redistribution Layer (2023)

A 3D stacking of CMOS on RF device chiplet is demonstrated for significant reduction of areal form factor for Front-End Module (FEM) application. The salient points of the process integration of thru-silicon redistribution layer on the backside of RF device wafer, chip-to-wafer bonding and assembly, measurement of the interconnection and reliability assessment will be discussed.
Room temperature performance of Thallium Bromide detectors (2015)

Thallium Bromide (TlBr) is a promising room-temperature radiation detector material with excellent charge transport properties. However, several critical issues need to be addressed before deployment of this material for long-term field applications can be realized. Recent results indicate that the controlling factors contributing to the degradation of TlBr detectors at room temperature is related to electro-migration of Br <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> ions and their reaction with the anode metal. We present results obtained upon improving the stability of the semiconductor-metal interface, including plasma processing of TlBr surfaces and selection of an appropriate contact metal.
<110>-Oriented In0.04Ga0.96As Nanowires Laterally Grown on GaAs (311)B Substrate in Au-Catalyzed Vapor–Liquid–Solid Mode (2010)

We report on ternary InGaAs nanowires (NWs) with a <110> orientation laterally grown on a GaAs (311)B substrate in the Au-particle-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid mode. We determined the structure and composition of the lateral NWs using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry measurements. With an In/Ga source mole ratio of 20:80, the composition of the lateral NW is In0.04Ga0.96As. We found that the addition of 4% indium changed the cross section of the lateral NW from the triangular shape of GaAs NWs to a trapezoidal shape.
The Major Autolysin of Streptococcus gordonii Is Subject to Complex Regulation and Modulates Stress Tolerance, Biofilm Formation, and Extracellular-DNA Release (2011)

A gene, designated atlS, encoding a major autolysin from Streptococcus gordonii, was identified and characterized. The predicted AtlS protein is 1,160 amino acids and 127 kDa and has a conserved β1,4-N-acetylmuramidase domain. Zymographic analysis of wild-type S. gordonii revealed peptidoglycan hydrolase activities with molecular masses of 130 and 90 kDa that were absent in an atlS deletion mutant. Western blotting revealed that the 90-kDa band was derived from the 130-kDa protein. Inactivation of atlS resulted in formation of long chains by the cells, markedly decreased autolytic capacity, poor biofilm formation, diminished tolerance of acid and oxidative stress, and decreased production of extracellular DNA (eDNA). The biofilm-forming capacity of the atlS mutant could be almost completely restored to that of the wild-type strain by adding purified recombinant AtlA autolysin of S. mutans but was only partially restored by addition of eDNA. Autolysis, eDNA release, and atlS expression increased sharply when cells entered stationary phase and were greatly enhanced in cells growing with aeration. The LytST and VicRK two-component systems were both required for the induction of atlS by aeration, and purified LytT was able to bind to the promoter region of atlS in vitro. Thus, AtlS and its associated regulatory cascade dominantly control phenotypes of S. gordonii that are critical to colonization, persistence, and competition with other commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria in response to the redox environment and growth domain.
Disulfide Formation Strategies in Peptide Synthesis (2014)

Abstract Disulfide bonds play an important role in both proteins and peptides. They cause conformational constraints and increase the stability of such molecules. In nature, disulfide bonds are very common in animal and plant peptide toxins. These disulfide‐rich peptides typically bind very selectively with high affinities to their targets. Disulfide‐rich peptides are of great importance as potential therapeutics. Robust, convenient, and efficient methods are needed in order to prepare disulfide‐rich peptides to facilitate the drug discovery process. This microreview explores new cysteine protecting groups that replace obsolete protecting groups, reduce racemization, or facilitate regioselective disulfide formation, new disulfide formation strategies to assist in the synthesis of complex disulfide‐rich peptides, and the use of selenocysteine to direct disulfide formation.
Talaropeptides A-D: Structure and Biosynthesis of Extensively N-methylated Linear Peptides From an Australian Marine Tunicate-Derived Talaromyces sp. (2018)

An Australian marine tunicate-derived fungus, <i>Talaromyces</i> sp. CMB-TU011 was subjected to a program of analytical microbioreactor (MATRIX) cultivations, supported by UHPLC-QTOF profiling, to reveal conditions for producing a new class of extensively <i>N</i>-methylated 11-12 residue linear peptides, talaropeptides A-D (<b>2</b>-<b>5</b>). The structures for <b>2</b>-<b>5</b>, inclusive of absolute configurations, were determined by a combination of detailed spectroscopic and chemical (e.g., C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>18</sub> Marfey's) analyses. We report on the biological properties of <b>2</b>-<b>5</b>, including plasma stability, as well as antibacterial, antifungal and cell cytotoxicity. The talaropeptide mega non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) is described, as second only in size to that for the fungus-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporine (an 11-residue extensively <i>N</i>-methylated cyclic peptide).
Induced Mutation-facilitated Genetic Studies of Seed Phosphorus (2009)

Both the chemical composition and total amount of seed phosphorus (P) are important to the end-use quality of cereal and legume seed crops, whether for use in human foods or animal feeds. They are also important to the management of P in agricultural production, and to the long-term sustainability of that production. About 75% (±10%) of seed total P is found as phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate). Mutations that block the synthesis or accumulation of phytic acid during seed development, often referred to as low phytic acid (lpa) mutations, have been isolated in maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.). Chromosomal mapping has identified as many as six non-allelic lpa loci in a single species (barley). Studies of lpa mutants has enhanced knowledge of the genes and proteins important to phytic acid P metabolism. While there has been substantial research into the biology of P uptake by plants, there has been little progress in the genetics of seed total P. Genetic factors that either decrease or increase seed total P might be of value for both enhancing the end-use quality of seed crops and for optimizing the utilization of P during agricultural production. As proofof-principle, homozygosity for recessive alleles of barley lpa1 both blocks seed phytic acid accumulation by 50% and reduces seed total P by 15%, while having little impact on yield. The current status of lpa genetics and current efforts at isolating “seed-total P” mutants, using both forward and reverse genetics approaches, will be described.
Performance evaluation of transmission system for 8K Super Hi-Vision satellite broadcasting (2014)

We developed a new transmission system for 8K Super Hi-Vision satellite broadcasting in Japan. This system has a transmission capacity of over 100 Mbps in a single 34.5MHz satellite transponder. The key technical feature of the new system are lowering roll-off factor to 0.03 and using 16APSK and LDPC code with a coding rate of 7/9. To confirm the transmission performance in a satellite channel, we conducted indoor transmission tests and transmission tests using Japanese communication and broadcasting satellites. This paper shows the transmission performance of this system and similar performance was obtained in indoor-transmission and satellite-transmission tests.
Snow phenomena modeling through online public media (2014)

We propose a method for the environmental monitoring through the publicly available media User Generated Content (UGC). In particular we address the problem of the snow cover and level estimation by analyzing the social media data such as geotagged photographs and public webcams installed in mountain regions. The entire pipeline of the process is presented to the audience: from the data crawling and automatic relevance classification (does or does not the photograph contain a significant mountain profile) to the image content analysis and environmental models (identification of the snow covered area on the photograph). Each presented component is self-contained and can be inspected individually, the connections between the components however are strongly highlighted allowing the viewer to understand intuitively the entire pipeline structure.
A unique fault-tolerant design for flying capacitor multilevel inverters (2003)

This paper presents a unique design for flying capacitor type multilevel inverters with fault-tolerant features. When a single-switch fault per phase occurs, the new design can still provide the same number of converting levels by shorting the fault power semiconductors and reconfiguring the gate controls. The most attractive point of the proposed design is that it can undertake the single-switch fault per phase without scarifying power converting quality. This paper also discusses the capacitor balancing approach under fault-conditions, which is an essential part of controlling flying capacitor type multilevel inverters. Suggested fault diagnosing methods are also discussed in this paper. Computer simulation and lab results validate the proposed controls.
Neutral Salt Effects on Stability of Whey Protein Isolate Foams (1991)

ABSTRACT Addition of 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl, or NaSCN reduced maximum overruns of whey protein isolate (WPI) by 33%, 27%, and 38%. This was attributable to an ionic effect, i.e., the ions interacted with countercharges on the proteins thereby reducing electrostatic interactions. In contrast, at high concentrations (1M), Na 2 SO 4 improved foam stability by 76% compared to WPI without salt. Chloride had an intermediate effect, whereas NaSCN did not improve foam stability. Increasing Na 2 SO 4 concentration (2M) improved foam stability by 127% compared to control. The relative effectiveness of salts at improving foam stability and heat stability followed the Hofmeister series (SO 4 2‐ &lt;CI − &lt;SCN − ).
Enhanced Antibody Production in Clever-1/Stabilin-1–Deficient Mice (2018)

Clever-1, encoded by the <i>Stab1</i> gene, is a scavenger and leukocyte trafficking receptor expressed by subsets of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells and immunosuppressive macrophages. Monocyte Clever-1 also modulates T cell activation. However, nothing is known about the possible links between B cell function and Clever-1. Here, we found that <i>Stab1</i> knockout mice (<i>Stab1</i><sup>-/-</sup>) lacking the Clever-1 protein from all cells present with abnormally high antibody levels under resting conditions and show enhanced humoral immune responses after immunization with protein and carbohydrate antigens. Removal of the spleen does not abolish the augmented basal and post-immunization antibody levels in Clever-1-deficient mice. The increased IgG production is also present in mice in which Clever-1 is selectively ablated from macrophages. When compared to wildtype macrophages, Clever-1-deficient macrophages show increased TNF-α synthesis. In co-culture experiments, monocytes/macrophages deficient of Clever-1 support higher IgM production by B cells, which is blocked by TNF-α depletion. Collectively, our data show that the excessive inflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in the absence of Clever-1 results in augmented humoral immune responses <i>in vivo</i>.
Micrometer-resolution long-distance measurement using a femtosecond frequency comb (2004)

This paper reports on the development of an ultrahigh accuracy distance meter (femtosecond-comb distance meter (FCDM)) with a simple setup and reliability for a practical measurement using a broad and stable femtosecond frequency comb. The distance meter is expected for a length standard as well as industrial applications. In this study, a 2-/spl mu/m uncertainty in the FCDM by using 10-GHz beat frequencies is achieved.
Bridging psychophysics and cognitive engineering in visual perception (2007)

For the prospective design of human machine interfaces in an engineering process, core principles of human performance need to be formulated into a computational theory. This paper presents the results of experiments, demonstrating that even such a core task of visual perception as the detection of symmetry can be decomposed into single well defined information processing steps. To detect symmetry the visual system needs to compare lengths and distances. In classical signal detection theory this process is described on an abstract level as the comparison of two stimuli with different intensity. The proposed theory in this paper emphasizes the spatial nature of the task and describes it as a process of several attention shifts during which inter-object relations are represented as noisy values with a specific variance. By Bayesian inference the visual system is able to guide attention to locations matching a given inter-object relation encoded in a previous step. To test the theory we performed experiments measuring latencies in symmetry perception in an attention guided paradigm. The prediction of the theory and the results from the experiments are compared. The proposed theory facilitates the modeling of information processing in visual perception in a rule based framework, and therefore is suitable to analyze graphical displays in a cognitive engineering approach.
Progressive Variation of Grinding Characteristic and Cutting-Edge Condition in Snag Grinding of 410 Stainless Steel. (1992)

In this research, a snag grinding was performed on a 410 stainless steel with two different alumina wheel types under constant load, using a specially made grinding machine. The variation of grinding characteristics such as metal removal rate and grinding force with the progress of grinding has been studied. On the other hand, the protrusion height and wear flat area of abrasive grains on the working surface of wheel were measured to discuss the results obtained on grinding characteristics. A close correlation was found among the variation of abrasive protrusion height, metal removal rate and tangential grinding force. Also, it was known that the wear area of grains increases with increasing grinding time. The attritious wear was accompanied with reductions of metal removal rate and tangential grinding force. Self-sharpening recovered the abrasive protrusion height and diminished the percent wear flat; this enhanced to improve the metal removal rate and a cutting action by an individual abrasive grain.
C5 Deficiency in a White Family (1985)

To the Editor. —In the JulyArchivesZimran et al 1 described a Sephardic Jewish family in which one out of three subjects with an inborn deficiency of the C8 component of serum complement had recurrent meningococcal meningitis. They mentioned that genetic defects of terminal complement components, more particularly of C6, C7, and C8, predispose to generalized and often recurrent neisserial infections. We wish to describe a white family (Figure) in which two sisters had undetectable complement hemolytic activity (CH50) titers; C5 was immunochemically undetectable and was 1% of the normal C5 level by hemolytic assay. One of the sisters developed meningitis with meningococcemia (group C) at the age of 20 years and Neisseria meningitidis (group B) meningitis three years later; the other one presented with a presumptive gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome at the age of 24 years. Both symptomatic sisters were homozygotes for C5 deficiency, whereas 20 other family members
Single phase universal input PFC converter operating at HF (2018)

Single-phase ac to dc converters for computers and related applications have requirements that are difficult to meet while achieving both high power density and high efficiency: wide input voltage range, large voltage step down, galvanic isolation, harmonic current limits and hold-up requirements. This work explores a circuit architecture and topology that seeks to address this challenge, and presents a 250 W, 24 V output, universal input PFC converter prototype achieving 34.9 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The converter operates at variable switching frequencies in the range of 1-4 MHz; the measured efficiency at 230 Vac RMS, 60 Hz input is 95.33% at full load and 84.57% at 8% load.
Preventive actions of allergen immunotherapy: the facts and the effects in search of evidence (2017)

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that works on the causes of allergy. Available AIT nowadays are subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic rhinitis and asthma, while for allergy to <i>Hymenoptera</i> venom only subcutaneous route is recommended. A bulk of trials and meta-analyses demonstrated that efficacy and safety of AIT in decreasing allergic clinical symptoms and use of rescue medications, while its preventive capacity is yet under investigation. The most important of these effects is the prevention of potentially fatal anaphylactic reactions to <i>Hymenoptera</i> stings by venom immunotherapy (VIT). A certain number of studies thus far available showed that AIT, in both forms, is able to prevent the progress of allergic rhinitis into asthma and the development of new sensitizations. These effects should be related to the mechanisms of action of AIT. In fact, it has been demonstrated that both SCIT and SLIT are able to modify the allergen presentation by dendritic cells, with result in modification of the phenotype of allergen-specific T cells, switching from the typical of allergic inflammation Th2-type response to a Th1-type one. Also allergen-specific T regulatory (Treg) cells play a pivotal role by producing suppressive cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-beta. However, the only plain evidence of a preventive effect concerns VIT, while the other outcomes need to be furtherly investigated.
Resonant and static cubic hyperpolarizabilities of push-pull dipolar and quadrupolar chromophores: toward enhanced two-photon absorption (2001)

Recent reports of push-pull dipolar and quadrupolar chromophores with enhanced two-photon absorption have generated considerable interest in these two molecular systems. Two photon absorption is related to the imaginary part of the two-photon resonant cubic hyperpolarizability Im[(gamma) ((omega) )]. In this work, we have described both push-pull dipolar and quadrupolar chromophores using multi valence-bond states models based on measurable parameters of the valence-bond forms. We have derived analytical expressions of their non-resonant static cubic hyperpolarizability (gamma) (0) and of Im[(gamma) ((omega) )]. Comparison between the transparency / Im[(gamma) ((omega) )] trade-off and Im[(gamma) ((omega) )] / (gamma) (0) correlation helps understand the advantages and drawbacks of each of these two push-pull systems. Furthermore by understanding how the valence-bond parameters are related to the molecular structure and its environment, it is possible to predict how Im[(gamma) ((omega) )] will be affected by changing either the conjugation size, the donor-acceptor pair or the solvent polarity for both of these push-pull systems. The results of this study suggest common guidelines for the molecular engineering of both the push-pull dipolar and quadrupolar chromophores.