gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Dependent Conformational Behaviour of Model Tetrapeptides Containing a Bicyclic Proline Mimetic (2004)

Abstract Two model tetrapeptides containing bicyclic analogues of either D ‐ or L ‐proline were synthesised and their conformational properties were studied by NMR in different solvent systems and by molecular modelling techniques. Compound 1 , with the bicyclic D ‐proline mimetic in the i +1 position, generated a unique trans isomer, and the peptide showed a well organised structure, in accordance with the tendency of D ‐proline to act as a good turn inducer with respect to its enantiomer. Peptide 2 displayed structures equilibrating from type I,II to type VI β‐turns, thus confirming the hypothesised relationship between the chirality of BGS/Bgs and proline enantiomers on nucleating compact turns. Moreover, such behaviour suggested a tool for peptidomimetic design of reverse turn peptides containing BGS/Bgs bicyclic proline mimetics, as the choice of chirality might influence the generation either of compact γ‐ and β‐turns or of flexible equilibrating reverse turn structures. The effect of solvent on conformational behaviour was also studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Bystander responses in three-dimensional cultures containing radiolabelled and unlabelled human cells (2006)

Research on the radiation-induced bystander effect has been carried out mainly in 2-D tissue culture systems. This study uses a 3-D model, wherein apparently normal human diploid fibroblasts (AG1522) are grown in a carbon scaffold, to investigate the induction of a G(1) checkpoint in bystander cells present alongside radiolabelled cells. Cultures were simultaneously pulse-labelled with (3)H-deoxycytidine ((3)HdC) to selectively irradiate a minor fraction of cells, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify the radiolabelled cells. After thorough washing of cultures, iododeoxyuridine (IdU) was administered to detect proliferating bystander cells. The cultures were harvested at various times thereafter, and cells were reacted with two monoclonal antibodies specific to IdU/BrdU or BrdU, respectively, stained with propidium iodide, and subjected to multi-parameter flow cytometry. Cell-cycle progression was followed in radiolabelled cells (BrdU(+)) that were chronically irradiated by low energy beta particles emitted by DNA-incorporated (3)H, and in unlabelled bystander cells (BrdU(-)) by a flow cytometry based cumulative labelling index assay. As expected, radiolabelled cells were delayed, in a dose-dependent manner, in G(2) and subsequently G(1). No delay occurred in progression of bystander cells through G(1), when the labelled cells were irradiated at dose rates up to 0.32 Gy h(-1).
Editorial Statistics and Best Reviewers Award for 2015 (2016)

Editorial statistics for 2015As shown in Figure 1, we received 1,372 manuscripts in 2015, the highest number on record, for publication in the Journal, including 1,062 original papers (924 clinical and 138 experimental), 50 invited review articles, 114 invited editorials, 28 rapid communications, and 85 images in cardiovascular medicine.Approximately half were submitted from Japan, followed by China, Korea, Taiwan, Italy and USA (Figure 2).For the last 12 years, the number of submissions has been steadily increasing even after we terminated publication of case reports in October 2008 and the East Japan Earthquake Disaster (Figure 3).The abovementioned 6 countries have remained the top
A Convenient Synthesis of Alkynylsilanes by Silylation of Copper(I) Alkynides (1996)

Abstract Alkynylation of chlorosilanes with copper(I) alkynides takes place smoothly in the presence of triphenylphosphine, N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, or zinc powder to give a variety of alkynylsilanes in good yields.
Adenoviral Gene Transfer of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Enhances the Radiation Response of Human Colorectal Cancer Associated with Alterations in Tumor Vascularity (2004)

Nitric oxide is a potent radiosensitizer of tumors, but its use clinically is limited by serious side effects when administered systemically. We have demonstrated previously that gene transfer of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS) into colorectal cancer cells enhances radiation-induced apoptosis in vitro. The objectives of this study were to further characterize the effects of iNOS gene transfer on the radiosensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and tumors grown in athymic nude mice. Adenoviral gene transfer of iNOS (AdiNOS) into human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and SNU-1040 cells) significantly enhanced the effects of radiation with sensitizing enhancement ratios (0.1) of 1.65 and 1.6, respectively. The radiation enhancement induced by iNOS was associated with increased iNOS expression and nitric oxide production and prevented by L-NIO, an enzymatic inhibitor of iNOS. AdiNOS treatment of HCT-116 tumors combined with radiation (2 Gy x three fractions) led to a 3.4-fold greater (P < 0.005) tumor growth delay compared with radiation (RT) alone. AdiNOS plus RT also caused significant (P < 0.01) tumor regression with 63% of tumors regressing compared with only 6% of tumors treated with RT. AdiNOS plus RT significantly (P < or = 0.001) increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (22 +/- 4%) compared with either tumors treated with control vector plus RT (9 +/- 1%), AdiNOS alone (9 +/- 3%), or no treatment (2 +/- 1%). These radiosensitizing effects of AdiNOS occurred at low infection efficiency (4% of tumor infected), indicating a significant bystander effect.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Allylsilanes from Vinylcuprates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Level of Soybean Protein and Ergocalciferol on Mineral Utilization by the Baby Pig (1969)

Two trials were conducted using a total of 28 baby pigs to determine the effects of varying levels of dietary isolated soy protein and ergocalciferol upon mineral utilization. Diets contained 16, 24 or 32% of crude protein from isolated soy protein and 6.25 or 12.5 mcg. of ergocalciferol/kg. of diet. Performance and levels of serum Ca, Mg and protein were not affected by dietary protein intake. Serum inorganic P, however, decreased with increasing isolated soy protein levels in the diet in trial I. This effect appeared to be modified somewhat in trial II when ergocalciferol was added at a higher level in the diet. Serum alkaline phosphatase values were generally inversely related to serum inorganic phosphorus values. Mineral balance studies did not show any significant differences in mineral retention due to protein level or dietary vitamin D level. Balance studies showed an increase in total urine volume, urinary nitrogen and nitrogen retention as protein levels in the diet increased. Bone studies showed that bone mineralization, as indicated by specific gravity, humeral mineral analyses and femur breaking strength, was depressed when high levels of soy protein were fed and that this depression was not overcome by increased dietary ergocalciferol.
Binding and receptor-mediated endocytosis of erythropoietin in Friend virus-infected erythroid cells. (1987)

The binding of labeled erythropoietin (EP) to cell surface receptors and subsequent processing of the hormone within the cell was studied in erythroid cells procured from the spleens of mice infected with the anemia strain of Friend virus. These immature erythroid cells respond to EP in culture to differentiate into reticulocytes and erythrocytes. Radiolabeled EP (both iodinated and tritiated) binds to 800-1000 cell surface receptors on these cells at 4 degrees C. Using 125I-EP, we found that 300 of these cell surface receptors have a higher affinity for EP (Kd = 0.09 nM) than the remaining receptors (Kd = 0.57 nM). The number of molecules of EP bound per cell increased about 2-fold when binding was carried out at 37 degrees C. Treatment of the cell surface with pronase or removal of surface-bound EP with a low pH wash revealed that radiolabeled EP is internalized by the cells at 37 degrees C. Pulse chase experiments showed that degradation products of radiolabeled EP are released into the medium with a corresponding loss of label from the interior of the cell. Inhibitors of lysosomal function greatly reduced this degradation of 125I-EP. Since 180 of the 300 high affinity receptors and very few of the low affinity receptors are occupied at the concentration of EP which elicits the maximum biological response in these cells, we suggest that interaction of EP with the high affinity receptors are necessary for the full biological effect of the hormone. A different murine erythroleukemia cell line which does not differentiate in response to EP was found to have only the lower affinity binding sites for the hormone.
Family Businesses: An In-Depth Look at Communicative Strategies Used by Firms to Implement a Shared Value System within the Work Environment (2014)

This Senior Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Communication Studies at Pilot Scholars. It has been accepted for
Dual Activity of Aminoarylthiazoles on the Trafficking and Gating Defects of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel Caused by Cystic Fibrosis Mutations (2011)

A large fraction of mutations causing cystic fibrosis impair the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel by causing reduced channel activity (gating defect) and/or impaired exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (trafficking defect). Such defects need to be treated with separate pharmacological compounds termed potentiators and correctors, respectively. Here, we report the characterization of aminoarylthiazoles (AATs) as compounds having dual activity. Cells expressing mutant CFTR were studied with functional assays (fluorescence-based halide transport and short circuit current measurements) to assess the effect of acute and chronic treatment with compounds. We found that AATs are effective on F508del, the most frequent cystic fibrosis mutation, which is associated with both a gating and a trafficking defect. AATs are also effective on mutations like G1349D and G551D, which cause only a gating defect. Evaluation of a panel of AAT analogs identified EN277I as the most effective compound. Incubation of cells expressing mutant CFTR with EN277I caused a strong stimulation of channel activity as demonstrated by single channel recordings. Compounds with dual activity such as AATs may be useful for the development of effective drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Understanding how bloggers feel (2006)

One of the goals of affective computing is to recognize human emotions. We present a system that learns to recognize emotions based on textual resources and test it on a large number of blog entries tagged with moods by their authors. We show how a machine-learning approach can be used to gain insight into the way writers convey and interpret their own emotions, and provide nuanced mood associations for a large wordlist.
Quantifying Mental Health from Social Media with Neural User Embeddings (2017)

Mental illnesses adversely affect a significant proportion of the population worldwide. However, the methods traditionally used for estimating and characterizing the prevalence of mental health conditions are time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, best-available estimates concerning the prevalence of mental health conditions are often years out of date. Automated approaches to supplement these survey methods with broad, aggregated information derived from social media content provides a potential means for near real-time estimates at scale. These may, in turn, provide grist for supporting, evaluating and iteratively improving upon public health programs and interventions. We propose a novel model for automated mental health status quantification that incorporates user embeddings. This builds upon recent work exploring representation learning methods that induce embeddings by leveraging social media post histories. Such embeddings capture latent characteristics of individuals (e.g., political leanings) and encode a soft notion of homophily. In this paper, we investigate whether user embeddings learned from twitter post histories encode information that correlates with mental health statuses. To this end, we estimated user embeddings for a set of users known to be affected by depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and for a set of demographically matched `control' users. We then evaluated these embeddings with respect to: (i) their ability to capture homophilic relations with respect to mental health status; and (ii) the performance of downstream mental health prediction models based on these features. Our experimental results demonstrate that the user embeddings capture similarities between users with respect to mental conditions, and are predictive of mental health.
Some aspects of the protein metabolism in human liver transplant recipients (1974)

In early experimental and clinical studies, the not unexpected finding was reported that most of the electrophoretically measurable protein fractions declined rapidly after the implantation of a poorly functioning hepatic homograft.In contrast, these fractions were well maintained after provision of a well functioning graft.A similar relationship between quality of graft function and pro-,ein levels was found also for the liverbased clotting factors.The changes in these latter factors were very rapid and reflected changes in consumption as well as synthesis [Z]. Studies of ComplementRecently, the plasma proteins of the complement system were assayed in five recipients of hepatic homografts [3].All the patients were in terminal liver failure due to cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis or Wilson's disease.Following replacement of the patients' diseased livers with well functioning homo-
A Novel Volterra-Wiener Model for Equalization of Loudspeaker Distortions (2006)

Future mobile multimedia devices such as videophones will require high playback levels where devices are used at an arm's length from the listener. When small loudspeakers are driven at high playback levels the nonlinear characteristics of these speakers become a major source of sound degradation and can drop the MOS score by as much as one point. Conventional approaches to loudspeaker compensation based on the Volterra model improve the sound quality only at low playback levels and may introduce more distortion at high playback levels. This paper presents a new Volterra-Wiener model that is a better match to the loudspeaker response and lends itself to having an exact nonlinear inverse. Simulations and real measurements show that compensation based on the new model greatly reduces the linear and nonlinear distortions of small loudspeakers mounted in the cell phones. Objective and subjective evaluations show drastic improvements (0.8 PESQ) in the sound quality
Fishing for biodiversity: novel methanopterin‐linked C 1 transfer genes deduced from the Sargasso Sea metagenome (2005)

Summary The recently generated database of microbial genes from an oligotrophic environment populated by a calculated 1800 major phylotypes (the Sargasso Sea metagenome – SSM) presents a great source for expanding local databases of genes indicative of a specific function. In this article we analyse the SSM for the presence of methanopterin‐linked C 1 transfer genes that are signature for methylotrophy. We conclude that more than 10 phylotypes possessing genes of interest are present in this environment. The sequences representative of these major phylotypes do not appear to belong to any known microbial group capable of methanopterin‐linked C 1 transfer. Instead, these sequences separate from all known sequences on phylogenetic trees, pointing toward their affiliation with novel microbial phyla. These data imply a broader distribution of methanopterin‐linked functions in the microbial world than has been previously known.
HB21/40/53 promote inflorescence arrest through ABA accumulation at the end of flowering (2023)

Abstract Flowers are produced by the activity of the inflorescence meristem after the floral transition. In plants with indeterminate inflorescences, as Arabidopsis, the final number of flowers produced by the inflorescence meristem will depend on two main factors, the rate of flower production by the meristem and the duration of the phase of inflorescence meristem activity. The end of flowering, understood as the moment when the inflorescence stops the production of new flowers, is associated with the meristem proliferative arrest. At this time point, the meristem ceases to initiate new floral primordia and the unpollinated flowers already formed arrest their development. It has been known for a long time that fruit/seed production induces inflorescence meristem arrest, but the mechanisms controlling this process were elusive. During the last years, the regulation of the end of flowering has started to be elucidated in Arabidopsis. The meristem arrest at the end of flowering is controlled at the genetic level by the FRUITFULL-APETALA2 (FUL-AP2) pathway, that modulates meristem activity. The meristem arrest has been also shown to be controlled at the hormonal level. It has been proposed that auxin could mediate the fruit/seed effect to the meristem. Cytokinins regulation and response have been also proposed as important factors controlling the meristem activity at the end of flowering. Finally, it has been also described that arrested meristems at the end of flowering resembles dormant meristem at the transcriptomic level. Previously, we have shown that the FUL-AP2 pathway controls the expression of the homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factor HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 21 ( HB21 ), a gene involved in the establishment of bud axillary dormancy. In this work we characterize the role of HB21 in the control of the proliferative arrest associated with the end of flowering. We observed that HB21 , together with HB40 and HB53 , accumulate in the inflorescence apexes at the end of flowering promoting the cessation of inflorescence meristem activity. We also show that HB21 induction of in young apexes is sufficient to induce flower and meristem arrest, likely mediated by an increase in ABA responses. Thus, our work confirms the parallelism proposed between dormant meristems and the arrested meristem at the end of flowering, which appear to be regulated by common pathways, and propose ABA as a new regulator in the control of inflorescence meristem arrest.
Epidemiology of Headache in the Emergency Department (2017)

Headache is one of the most common chief complaints in the emergency department (ED). Several demographic and other factors are associated with the propensity to visit the ED with headache. Whereas primary headaches are the most common cause of headache in the adult ED, secondary, non-life-threatening causes, such as headaches associated with viral illnesses, underlie most headaches in the pediatric ED. Costs associated with ED headache visits are high, partly due to the rising use of neuroimaging in this patient population. Several strategies could help to mitigate the cost of headache care in the ED, primarily by aiming to improve community-based care for patients with primary headaches. In this chapter, a detailed overview of the epidemiology of headache in the ED is provided.
Three-Dimensional Optical Mapping of Nanoparticle Distribution in Intact Tissues (2016)

The role of tissue architecture in mediating nanoparticle transport, targeting, and biological effects is unknown due to the lack of tools for imaging nanomaterials in whole organs. Here, we developed a rapid optical mapping technique to image nanomaterials in intact organs ex vivo and in three-dimensions (3D). We engineered a high-throughput electrophoretic flow device to simultaneously transform up to 48 tissues into optically transparent structures, allowing subcellular imaging of nanomaterials more than 1 mm deep into tissues which is 25-fold greater than current techniques. A key finding is that nanomaterials can be retained in the processed tissue by chemical cross-linking of surface adsorbed serum proteins to the tissue matrix, which enables nanomaterials to be imaged with respect to cells, blood vessels, and other structures. We developed a computational algorithm to analyze and quantitatively map nanomaterial distribution. This method can be universally applied to visualize the distribution and interactions of materials in whole tissues and animals including such applications as the imaging of nanomaterials, tissue engineered constructs, and biosensors within their intact biological environment.
Tuning the stacking behaviour of a 2D covalent organic framework through non-covalent interactions (2017)

The distinct stacking behaviour of two related 2D covalent organic frameworks is traced back to geometric and electronic features of their building blocks. Self-complementarity and donor–acceptor-type interactions are identified as design principles to access highly crystalline COFs.
Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification (2004)

Pathologists have recognized arterial calcification for over a century. Recent years have witnessed a strong resurgence of interest in atherosclerotic plaque calcification because it: 1) can be easily detected noninvasively; 2) closely correlates with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque; 3) serves as a surrogate measure for atherosclerosis, allowing preclinical detection of the disease; and 4) is associated with heightened risk of adverse cardiovascular events. There are two major types of calcification in arteries: calcification of the media tunica layer (sometimes called Mönckeberg's sclerosis), and calcification within subdomains of atherosclerotic plaque within the intimal layer of the artery. There are important similarities and differences between these two entities. Of particular interest are increasing parallels between cellular and molecular features of arterial calcification and bone biology, and this has led to accelerating interest in understanding how and why bone-like mineral deposits may form in arteries. Here, we review the two major pathological types of arterial calcification, the proposed models of calcification, and endocrine and genetic determinants that affect arterial calcification. In addition, we highlight areas requiring further investigation.
A power-saving strategy for grids (2008)

Abstract. In light of recently stirred energy consumption concerns, we investigate the opportunities for power consumption reduction in Grids. Considering real life Grid traces, we note considerable fluctuations in load. We consider a peak load dimensioning strategy to derive how much servers to install in computational Grids. In lower loaded periods, there is a potential to save energy by dynamically powering on/off servers to address the actual demand for computational capacity. An appropriate scheduling and power-saving scheme can, under such lower-load conditions, considerably reduce energy consumption. The price paid is that some jobs are executed at sites more remote than closer powered-down ones. Yet, the resulting penalty in consumed bandwidth is rather limited and is expected not to cancel the power consumption advantage. Key words: Grids, Green ICT, Power-awareness, Grid scheduling. 1
Effectiveness of Retropubic Tension-Free Vaginal Tape and Transobturator Inside-Out Tape Procedures in Women With Overactive Bladder and Stress Urinary Incontinence (2013)

Purpose
We compared the effectiveness of the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and the transobturator inside-out tape (TVT-O) in treating symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).