gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in the chemistry of an isoalloxazine brought about by substitution at the 7 and 8 positions by a strongly electronegative substituent (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in the chemistry of an isoalloxazine brought about by substitution at the 7 and 8 positions by a strongly electronegative substituentThomas C. Bruice, T. W. Chan, Joseph P. Taulane, Ichiro Yokoe, D. Lauriston Elliott, Robert F. Williams, and Michael NovakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 20, 6713–6720Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00462a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00462a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
337 Expansion of Dendritic Cells Using FLT3 Ligand to Treat Glioblastoma (2016)

INTRODUCTION: FLT3L induces expansion and recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) into the brain. By increasing antigen presentation, FLT3L agonists may enhance an immune response against glioblastoma (GBM). Previous results suggest that the antitumor response generated by FLT3 is secondary to production of interferon gamma. We studied the effect of FLT3L treatment of mice with a syngeneic GBM model. METHODS: Under ACUC approval, 32 mice underwent implantation of 130 000 GL261 cells in the left striatum using a stereotactic frame. The presence of tumor was confirmed by bioluminescence imaging at day 7. Mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: Control, FLT3 (courtesy of Celldex) treatment, Poly IC treatment, and FLT3+Poly IC treatment. Survival was assessed using log-rank analysis and described using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: A survival experiment demonstrated that FLT3L treatment of mice resulted in 50% long-term survival of mice and improved survival compared with control groups (P = .001). Addition of Poly IC (TLR3 agonist), did not add survival benefit. CONCLUSION: The present work suggests that an increase in antigen presentation by enhancing and recruiting dendritic cells into the brain and brain tumor may be beneficial and a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with GBM. The mechanism of this phenomenon is currently under investigation, but includes increased secretion of interferon gamma. Additionally, increased antigen presentation may aid the immune system mount a significant antitumor immune response. Further experiments evaluating the proportion of T cells that have been exposed to antigen are currently underway.
Endoscopic subfascial sectioning of incompetent perforating veins in treatment of primary varicosis (1992)

Subfascial elimination of incompetent perforating veins is the most effective therapeutic principle in the treatment of trophic skin disorders associated with varicosis. A recently developed endoscopic technique allows accurate sectioning of perforating veins with direct observation of the veins and minor trauma. From November 1986 to July 1991 endoscopic sectioning of perforating veins was performed in 72 patients (103 legs). The most frequently transected perforating veins were Cockett's veins (n = 219), 24 cm perforating veins (n = 83), and Boyd's perforating veins (n = 82). Postoperative delayed wound healing was observed in 3 (2.9%) legs with pronounced trophic skin disorders in the lower extremities. Two patients complained of dysesthesia in the area of distribution of the sural nerve. Further complications recorded were extended subcutaneous hematoma in 6 (5.8%) legs and postoperative dysesthesia in the area of distribution of the saphenous nerve in 10 (9.7%) legs. At follow-up examination (mean 27 months postoperatively) clinical investigation and Doppler sonography showed newly formed incompetent perforating veins in only 2 lower legs. Radiography at follow-up revealed one incompetent Dodd's perforating vein in 1 leg, which was the starting point of pronounced recurrent varicosis in the lower leg. After an average follow-up of greater than 2 years, we recorded the occurrence of new varices in 9 lower legs. Staging of chronic venous incompetence showed an upward trend ranging from change to a more favorable stage to complete cure. Findings were unchanged in only 10% of the patients. There was no case of postoperative aggravation.
Verification for Flow Analysis Capability in the Model of Three-Dimensional Natural Convection with Simultaneous Spreading, Melting and Solidification for the Debris Coolability Analysis Module in the Severe Accident Analysis Code 'SAMPSON', (I). (2001)

The debris coolability analysis module in the severe accident analysis code 'SAMPSON' has been enhanced to predict more mechanistically the safety margin of present reactor pressure vessels in a severe accident. The module calculates debris three-dimensional natural convection with simultaneous spreading, melting and solidification using the 'debris spreading-cooling model' in combination with the temperature distribution of the vessel wall and it evaluates the wall failure. Debris spreading is solved by the free surface calculation method in which the height function is applied. The model makes possible a multiplex heat and mass transfer analysis with flow spearhead and melt front transportation for a single-phase flow analysis code through the resetting of two types of mesh attributions and re-arrangement of the pressure matrix at each time step. The results calculated with the present model are compared with the results from a water spreading experiment. The comparisons verify the model capability for predictions of debris flow in the spreading process. The module provides a good tool for prediction of the reactor safety margin in a severe accident through the three-dimensional natural convection analysis of debris with simultaneous spreading, melting and solidification.
Determinants of mortality for adults with cystic fibrosis admitted in Intensive Care Unit: a multicenter study (2006)

Despite advanced lung disease, adult patients with CF admitted in ICU have high survival rate. Endotracheal intubation is associated with a poor prognosis and should be used as the last alternative. Although efforts have to be made in selecting patients with CF likely to benefit from ICU resources, ICU admission of these patients should be considered.
Interaction of metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most prevalent liver diseases in the Western world. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of histologic subgroups, with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as the most aggressive form. The risk of developing NAFLD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is a multiple-hit process resulting from hepatic fat deposition that is related to several conditions, including insulin resistance and central obesity. Additional hits, such as oxidative stress or adipocytokines produced by white adipose tissue, can further enhance liver damage leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis. Although NAFLD is often the primary liver disease of metabolic conditions, it can also exacerbate other liver diseases such as hepatitis C (HCV); indeed, more than 50% of patients with HCV have hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis can be related to host factors (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance) or to the genotype of virus (e.g., HCV genotype 3). Increasing evidence suggests that hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and obesity in the setting of HCV have a negative impact on the efficacy of treatment and hepatic progression of fibrosis.
Determinantes sociales de la salud y discapacidad: actualizando el modelo de determinación (2017)

Social determinants of health (SDH) are conditions in which people live. These conditions impact their lives, health status and social inclusion level. In line with the conceptual and comprehensive progression of disability, it is important to update SDH due to their broad implications in implementing health interventions in society. This proposal supports incorporating disability in the model as a structural determinant, as it would lead to the same social inclusion/exclusion of people described in other structural SDH. This proposal encourages giving importance to designing and implementing public policies to improve societal conditions and contribute to social equity. This will be an act of reparation, justice and fulfilment with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Monitoring of high-load dose formulations based on co-processed and non co-processed excipients (2021)

This work presents the evaluation of a co-processed material for high-load dose formulations and its real-time monitoring by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy at the tablet press feed frame. The powder and tableting properties of co-processed material blends were evaluated and compared to the blend of the individual excipients. The formulations with the co-processed material showed excellent flow properties and were superior to the physical blend of individual excipients. Two NIR spectroscopic methods were developed to monitor ibuprofen concentration between 40.0 and 60.0% w/w, one method using a co-processed material as the main excipient and the other using the blend of the individual excipients. The NIR spectra were obtained while the powder blends flowed within a three-chamber feed frame from a Fette 3090 tablet press. The NIR spectroscopic method with the co-processed material presented better performance with significantly lower prediction error. Variographic analysis demonstrated that using the co-processed material considerably reduces the sampling and analytical errors in the in-line determination of ibuprofen. The authors understand that this is the first study where the sampling errors are evaluated as a function of the excipients used in the pharmaceutical formulation. This study demonstrated that selecting a suitable excipient for the formulation helps optimize the manufacturing process, reducing the magnitude of the total measurement error.
Minimization of defects in nickel-based superalloy weld overlay deposited by the GTAW cold wire feed process (2016)

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of the welding parameters in the formation of defects in weld overlays with nickel-based alloys, and its possible elimination through the correct adjustment of the welding parameters. Coatings were deposited with the nickel-based alloy types Inconel 625, Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 686 on C–Mn steel plates, using GTAW cold wire feed process. The planning of the experiments was accomplished by applying the Taguchi method. The control factors evaluated were the energy technique (ET), the welding heat input (E), the type of alloy (L), the shielding gas (G) and the type of arc oscillation (T). Other parameters were maintained constant, having previously been investigated. The results showed that the arc oscillation type is spiral; although it contributes significantly to reduce the dilution level, it causes a strong instability to the process, resulting in most of the cases in surface defects or defects among passes. The optimum condition to avoid defects among passes was identified by the Taguchi method, which was constituted by the following combination of control factors: 2-2-2-3-3, or by: I energy technique (TE-I); medium heat input level (Emedium); Hastelloy C276 alloy; shielding gas Ar + He; double-8 arc oscillation. The optimum condition for the welding without defects results in high dilution level not being indicated for the welding of resistant coverings to the corrosion.
Alkenyldiazenes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkenyldiazenesTakashi Tsuji and Edward M. KosowerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 12, 3375Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01040a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (142 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive-latency DRAM: Optimizing DRAM timing for the common-case (2015)

In current systems, memory accesses to a DRAM chip must obey a set of minimum latency restrictions specified in the DRAM standard. Such timing parameters exist to guarantee reliable operation. When deciding the timing parameters, DRAM manufacturers incorporate a very large margin as a provision against two worst-case scenarios. First, due to process variation, some outlier chips are much slower than others and cannot be operated as fast. Second, chips become slower at higher temperatures, and all chips need to operate reliably at the highest supported (i.e., worst-case) DRAM temperature (85° C). In this paper, we show that typical DRAM chips operating at typical temperatures (e.g., 55° C) are capable of providing a much smaller access latency, but are nevertheless forced to operate at the largest latency of the worst-case. Our goal in this paper is to exploit the extra margin that is built into the DRAM timing parameters to improve performance. Using an FPGA-based testing platform, we first characterize the extra margin for 115 DRAM modules from three major manufacturers. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to reduce four of the most critical timing parameters by a minimum/maximum of 17.3%/54.8% at 55°C without sacrificing correctness. Based on this characterization, we propose Adaptive-Latency DRAM (AL-DRAM), a mechanism that adoptively reduces the timing parameters for DRAM modules based on the current operating condition. AL-DRAM does not require any changes to the DRAM chip or its interface. We evaluate AL-DRAM on a real system that allows us to reconfigure the timing parameters at runtime. We show that AL-DRAM improves the performance of memory-intensive workloads by an average of 14% without introducing any errors. We discuss and show why AL-DRAM does not compromise reliability. We conclude that dynamically optimizing the DRAM timing parameters can reliably improve system performance.
Principles of radioimmunotherapy for hematologists and oncologists. (2000)

Recent trials with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies targeting lymphoid surface membrane antigens have shown high response rates and tolerable toxicity. Radiolabeled antibodies emit continuous, exponentially decreasing, low-dose-rate radiation, whereas conventional external-beam radiotherapy delivers intermittent, fractionated radiation at higher dose rates. The most common isotopes used for radioimmunotherapy (iodine 131 and yttrium 90) kill cells primarily by emission of beta particles (electrons), which are believed to induce DNA strand breaks. The beta particles of Y 90 are more energetic than those of I 131, and affect cells over a radius of 5 mm compared with 0.9 mm to 1.0 mm for I 131. In addition, I 131 emits long-range gamma rays that permit direct imaging with a gamma camera, but also deliver a whole-body radiation dose and may pose a risk to health care workers. Physical barriers to effective delivery of radioimmunotherapy include the heterogeneous tumor vasculature, slow diffusion and convection rates of large antibody molecules through the interstitial fluid, heterogeneous biodistribution of antibodies in tumor nodules, and high intratumoral pressures impeding antibody influx into tumors. Despite these obstacles, multiple trials have shown the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy, particularly for B-cell lymphomas treated with anti-CD20 antibodies, in which response rates of 60% to 90% have been reported.
High-Quality Thin Graphene Films from Fast Electrochemical Exfoliation (2011)

Flexible and ultratransparent conductors based on graphene sheets have been considered as one promising candidate for replacing currently used indium tin oxide films that are unlikely to satisfy future needs due to their increasing cost and losses in conductivity on bending. Here we demonstrate a simple and fast electrochemical method to exfoliate graphite into thin graphene sheets, mainly AB-stacked bilayered graphene with a large lateral size (several to several tens of micrometers). The electrical properties of these exfoliated sheets are readily superior to commonly used reduced graphene oxide, which preparation typically requires many steps including oxidation of graphite and high temperature reduction. These graphene sheets dissolve in dimethyl formamide (DMF), and they can self-aggregate at air-DMF interfaces after adding water as an antisolvent due to their strong surface hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the continuous films obtained exhibit ultratransparency (∼96% transmittance), and their sheet resistance is <1k Ω/sq after a simple HNO3 treatment, superior to those based on reduced graphene oxide or graphene sheets by other exfoliation methods. Raman and STM characterizations corroborate that the graphene sheets exfoliated by our electrochemical method preserve the intrinsic structure of graphene.
The Arithmetic of Shapes (1980)

Algorithms for the Boolean operations and relations on shapes and labelled shapes are presented.
Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e Biofilms: No Mushrooms but a Network of Knitted Chains (2008)

Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen that can attach on most of the surfaces encountered in the food industry. Biofilms are three-dimensional microbial structures that facilitate the persistence of pathogens on surfaces, their resistance toward antimicrobials, and the final contamination of processed goods. So far, little is known about the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and its regulation. The aims of this study were, by combining genetics and time-lapse laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), (i) to characterize the structural dynamics of L. monocytogenes EGD-e sessile growth in two nutritional environments (with or without a nutrient flow), and (ii) to evaluate the possible role of the L. monocytogenes agr system during biofilm formation by tracking the spatiotemporal fluorescence expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter system. In the absence of nutrient flow (static conditions), unstructured biofilms composed of a few layers of cells that covered the substratum were observed. In contrast, when grown under dynamic conditions, L. monocytogenes EGD-e biofilms were highly organized. Indeed, ball-shaped microcolonies were surrounded by a network of knitted chains. The spatiotemporal tracking of fluorescence emitted by the GFP reporter system revealed that agr expression was barely detectable under static conditions, but it progressively increased during 40 h under dynamic conditions. Moreover, spatial analysis revealed that agr was expressed preferentially in cells located outside the microcolonies. Finally, the in-frame deletion of agrA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator, resulted in a decrease in initial adherence without affecting the subsequent biofilm development.
Downregulation of cardiac lineage protein‐1 confers cardioprotection through the upregulation of redox effectors (2009)

CLP-1, the mouse homologue of human Hexim1 protein, exerts inhibitory control on transcriptional elongation factor-b of RNA transcript elongation. Previously, we have demonstrated that downregulation of cardiac lineage protein-1 (CLP-1) in CLP-1(+/-) heterozygous mice affords cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our current study results show that the improvement in cardiac function in CLP-1(+/-) mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury is achieved through the potentiation of redox signaling and their molecular targets including redox effector factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, and NADPH oxidase 4 and the active usage of thioredoxin-1, thioredoxin-2, glutaredoxin-1 and glutaredoxin-2. Our results suggest that drugs designed to down regulate CLP-1 could confer cardioprotection through the potentiation of redox cycling.
Visualizing the Hidden Activity of Artificial Neural Networks (2016)

In machine learning, pattern classification assigns high-dimensional vectors (observations) to classes based on generalization from examples. Artificial neural networks currently achieve state-of-the-art results in this task. Although such networks are typically used as black-boxes, they are also widely believed to learn (high-dimensional) higher-level representations of the original observations. In this paper, we propose using dimensionality reduction for two tasks: visualizing the relationships between learned representations of observations, and visualizing the relationships between artificial neurons. Through experiments conducted in three traditional image classification benchmark datasets, we show how visualization can provide highly valuable feedback for network designers. For instance, our discoveries in one of these datasets (SVHN) include the presence of interpretable clusters of learned representations, and the partitioning of artificial neurons into groups with apparently related discriminative roles.