gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences Between Visual Style and Verbal Style Learners in Learning English (2018)

English proverb is an interested part when learner applied it in real life situation. The participants of this study were chosen from a big university in the middle area of Taiwan. The researchers selected some learners from Department of Foreign Language (DFL) and Department of Non-Foreign Language (DNFL). 40 students were from DFL, and 40 students were from DNFL. According to learner's short-term memory (STM) abilities, the researchers separated participants into four quadrants (Q1-Q4). According to visual style and verbal style of learning style, learning content representation (LCR) types are clarified into Type A, B, C. The research question is that participants with different STM abilities, how different LCR types affect the learning performance of English proverbs? The authors' results described that LCR with pictorial annotation (Type A) help participants with lower verbal ability and higher visual ability (Q2) to have better performance than other three quadrants, because type A participants feel easier to learn content presented in a visual form than in a verbal form. Providing LCR with both written and pictorial annotation (Type C) helps learners best with higher verbal ability and higher visual ability (Q1) in the recognition test. Providing redundancy learning content lead a higher cognitive load and result to irritation and lack of concentration, in accordance with the Cognitive Load theory. It implied that providing simple learning materials (only written annotation, Type B) is useful to participants with lower verbal ability and lower visual ability (Q3). The research results show that instructors should provide suitable learning materials to their learners in accordance with their STM abilities.
Motor deficits correlate with resting state motor network connectivity in patients with brain tumours (2012)

While a tumour in or abutting primary motor cortex leads to motor weakness, how tumours elsewhere in the frontal or parietal lobes affect functional connectivity in a weak patient is less clear. We hypothesized that diminished functional connectivity in a distributed network of motor centres would correlate with motor weakness in subjects with brain masses. Furthermore, we hypothesized that interhemispheric connections would be most vulnerable to subtle disruptions in functional connectivity. We used task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity to probe motor networks in control subjects and patients with brain tumours (n = 22). Using a control dataset, we developed a method for automated detection of key nodes in the motor network, including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor area and superior parietal lobule, based on the anatomic location of the hand-motor knob in the primary motor cortex. We then calculated functional connectivity between motor network nodes in control subjects, as well as patients with and without brain masses. We used this information to construct weighted, undirected graphs, which were then compared to variables of interest, including performance on a motor task, the grooved pegboard. Strong connectivity was observed within the identified motor networks between all nodes bilaterally, and especially between the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area. Reduced connectivity was observed in subjects with motor weakness versus subjects with normal strength (P < 0.001). This difference was driven mostly by decreases in interhemispheric connectivity between the primary motor cortices (P < 0.05) and between the left primary motor cortex and the right premotor area (P < 0.05), as well as other premotor area connections. In the subjects without motor weakness, however, performance on the grooved pegboard did not relate to interhemispheric connectivity, but rather was inversely correlated with connectivity between the left premotor area and left supplementary motor area, for both the left and the right hands (P < 0.01). Finally, two subjects who experienced severe weakness following surgery for their brain tumours were followed longitudinally, and the subject who recovered showed reconstitution of her motor network at follow-up. The subject who was persistently weak did not reconstitute his motor network. Motor weakness in subjects with brain tumours that do not involve primary motor structures is associated with decreased connectivity within motor functional networks, particularly interhemispheric connections. Motor networks become weaker as the subjects become weaker, and may become strong again during motor recovery.
Transcription and translation of deleted mitochondrial genomes in Kearns-Sayre syndrome: implications for pathogenesis. (1990)

Large-scale deletions of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been described in a clinical subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and ragged-red fibers in skeletal muscle, including cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). Since the decrease in the activities of mtDNA-encoded respiratory-chain enzymes did not seem to be correlated to the sites of the deletions, the role played by the mtDNA deletions in the pathogenesis of these disorders has been unclear. To address this issue, we studied transcription and translation of deleted mtDNA in two patients with KSS harboring two different deletions. We found that the deleted genomes were transcriptionally active in both cases. Analysis of translation in one of the patients showed that the "fusion" mRNA derived from the region spanning the deletion did not seem to be translated. Thus, the biochemical defects in KSS can be explained by a lack of translation of mtDNA-encoded respiratory-chain polypeptides in some mitochondria, which, in turn, is probably due to the lack of indispensable mtDNA-encoded tRNAs in these organelles. These results imply that deleted mtDNAs may be segregated from normal genomes in this group of diseases. It seems likely that the absence of translation in proliferating mitochondria containing partially deleted genomes plays a major role in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Editorial Comments (1990)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1990Editorial Comments Reginald C. Bruskewitz Reginald C. BruskewitzReginald C. Bruskewitz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)47916-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 144(6), pp. 1391–1392 © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 144Issue 6December 1990Page: 1391-1392 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Reginald C. Bruskewitz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Structural, electrical and optical properties of Cd 1− x Zn x O thin films and alloying effects on Kβ/Kα intensity ratios (2006)

Abstract Cd 1− x Zn x O thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis in air atmosphere on a glass substrate at 250 °C. The Zn content in Cd 1− x Zn x O films was varied from x = 0 to 0.60. Structural, electrical and optical properties of Cd 1− x Zn x O films were investigated by x‐ray diffraction, electrical resistivity and optical transmittance spectra, respectively. As the Zn content in Cd 1− x Zn x O thin films increased, the preferred orientation of the films did not change, only the peak intensity of the planes decreased. In addition to the peaks of CdO, peaks of ZnO were observed in the film with x = 0.6. The resistivity of Cd 1− x Zn x O thin films increased with increasing Zn content. Transmittance spectra studies of films were carried out in the 190‐1100 nm wavelength range and the results showed that the bandgap energy range varied from 2.42 to 3.25 eV. In addition, alloying effect on the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio in Cd 1− x Zn x O semiconductor thin films was studied. It was found that the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio is changed by alloying effects in Cd 1− x Zn x O semiconductor thin films for different composition of x . The results were compared with the theoretical values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Ultrasound Application for the Decellularization of Small Caliber Vessels (2022)

Decellularized matrices for tissue engineering seem to be an attractive material for providing biological vascular grafts for patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease who require bypass surgery, but do not have suitable autologous small-caliber vessels (˂6 mm diameter). Currently, a variety of decellularization (DC) techniques have been proposed such as physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic methods; however, identifying an optimal protocol resulting in preservation of favorable physiochemical properties of the vascular scaffold is still elusive. The goal of the proposed study was to examine the capacity of sonication to completely decellularize small-diameter blood vessels when applied alone, to test the effect of waves’ parameters on the processing quality and matrix microarchitecture preservation, and to evaluate the possibility to reduce the time required for cell removal when ultrasound is used in combination with non-ionic detergents. Contradictory to other DC protocols reported previously, we were not able to record completely or even partially cell removal in all studied groups. Interestingly, the combination of conventional chemicals, as Triton X-100, with physical method did not result in improving the DC efficiency and did not offer tissue permeabilization and easier chemicals access towards deeper tissue layers. In addition, when high sonication power was applied, significant destruction of the vessel matrix was determined. In summary, the use of sonication had no beneficial effect on DC in this study.
All-Optical 50-Gbaud/s Three-Input Hybrid Addition/Subtraction of Quaternary Base Numbers Using Multiple Non-Degenerate FWM Processes and 100-Gbit/s DQPSK Signals (2012)

We propose and demonstrate all-optical three-input quaternary hybrid addition/subtraction using non-degenerate FWM processes in an HNLF and DQPSK signals. When employing 100-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK signals (A, B, C), we achieve 50-Gbaud/s three-input quaternary addition/subtraction (A+B-C, A+C-B, B+C-A) with power penalties less than 6 dB at a BER of 10−9.
Oral Poster 20 (2010)

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ACT® device for the treatment of recurrent SUI. Secondary objectives included procedural technical difficulty and device adjustability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) associated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) can be challenging after prior failed therapies. The Uromedica ACT® system is a novel device under FDA investigation that provides bulk at the bladder neck with adjustable silicone balloons for urethral coaptation and bladder neck support. Each balloon is attached to a titanium port allowing for post-operative titration of the balloons for maximal efficacy. A small incision between the labia majora and minora at the level of the urethral allows for passage of a trocar under fluoroscopic guidance to the bladder neck. The device is delivered and the balloon filled with 1.5 cc dilute contrast. The injection port for balloon adjustment is placed into a subcutaneous pouch in the labia majora. Balloon adjustments begin 6 weeks post-operatively, as needed. The study population involves female patients with recurrent SUI with urethral hypermobility (UHM) and/or intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). Testing was performed at baseline, then postop 6 wks, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and annually thereafter, and included urinalysis, a 3-day diary, provocative pad weight test (PPWT), direct visual stress test (DVST), Stamey score, physical exam and validated questionnaires (UDI-6, IIQ-7, IQoL). RESULTS: : 162 patients were implanted to date, with 142, 84 and 57 patients completing at least 1, 2, and 3 years follow-up, respectively. Mean age is 67.4 yrs (range 31–94 yrs). 83% (N = 135) had at least one previous anti-incontinence procedure, with 42.6% experiencing 2 or more failed procedures. Difficulty of ACT® surgery was rated as mild, moderate, or severe in 62%, 29%, and 9% of procedures, respectively. Improvement in Stamey score was >1 in 75.4% (107/142), in 75.0% (63/84) and in 83.9% (47/56) at 1, 2 and 3 yrs, respectively. Mean PPWT decreased from 48.9, 44.3 and 44.5 grams at baseline to 11.8, 8.9 and 8.4 grams at 1, 2 and 3 yrs, respectively (P < 0.001). Dry rate was 50.8%, 63.0% and 71.4%, and >50% improved rate was 79.7%, 88.7% and 83.3% at 1, 2 and 3 yrs, respectively. Validated questionnaires noted significant improvements at 1, 2 and 3 yrs (P < 0.001). Mean number of balloon volume adjustments through the study period to achieve maximum continence was 2.9 (0–15). Device or procedure related complications (bladder perforation, port or balloon erosion, balloon migration, port or balloon related pain/discomfort, intermittent urinary retention) were reported in 25% (39/156) of subjects at the end of 12 months, 18.6% (21/113) through year 2, and 13.7% (10/73) through year 3. Of these, the majority (54%) were considered to be mild in severity. CONCLUSION: 3-year data suggest the Uromedica ACT® system can be an effective, simple, minimally-invasive and safe treatment for recurrent female SUI.
Perceptual Constraints inSystems forAutomatic MusicInformation Retrieval (2007)

Perceptual modelsanddataprovide use- fulguidelines inthedevelopment ofsystems formusic information retrieval. Weshowthatformusictempoex- traction, similarity evaluation, andstructure extraction, perceptual dataarenotonlyuseful intheevaluation of automatic systems butalso intheir design. I.INTRODUCTION Recent advances inaudio compression technology andin- creases instorage capacities andbroadcast bandwidths al- lowusers toaccess vast (andgrowing) amounts ofmusic au- dio. Withthis capability comesanincreased needfortools tonavigate, browseandsearch formusic.Traditionally, suchtools havebeenbasedonannotated metadata, such asgenreandartist, butrecent developments inautomatic musicinformation retrieval (MIR)aremaking itpossible to extract sometypes ofmetadata directly fromthemusicau- diosignal itself (1). Theseadditional metadata, combined withtraditional annotated metadata, provide amuchricher setuponwhichsophisticated systems formusicnavigation canbebuilt. Whilemanyaspects ofalgorithms forMIRcanbecon- strained by,ordefined intermsof,musicological, socio- logical, and/or computational factors, wehavefoundthat perceptual criteria areoften valuable guides. Thisistrue notonlyfortheevaluation of,butalso forthedevelopment andconstruction ofMIRsystems. Whiletheadvantage of using perceptually-based constraints depends somewhat on theapplication context, wepresent here three cases inwhich perceptual knowledge clearly benefits orisneeded forthe development ofalgorithms. Morespecifically, wehaveex- amined automatic extraction ofmusictempo, musicsimi- larity ratings, andstructural boundaries inpopular music.
On-Line Hemodiafiltration as Routine Treatment of End-Stage Renal Failure: Why Pre- or Mixed Dilution Mode Is Necessary in On-Line Hemodiafiltration Today? (2004)

Hemodiafiltration (HDF) is a well-recognized treatment modality that offers a way of optimizing renal replacement therapy efficacy of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. On-line production of substitution fluid by the 'cold sterilization' process (ultrafiltration) gives access to an unlimited amount of sterile and non-pyrogenic IV grade solution. This advantageous low-cost solution may therefore be employed to develop various forms of high-flux HDF modalities (ol-HDF). High-flux post-dilutional HDF (post-HDF) has mainly been used in clinical practice since it offers the most efficient and best compromise between diffusive and convective clearances. Nowadays, the new targets in anemia correction have created hemorheological conditions that render high filtration rate more difficult to achieve and/or at the expense of higher transmembrane pressure. To overcome this new challenging condition and keeping the same concept, it has been proposed to develop alternative modalities with various sites of fluid substitution (predilution, mixed pre-post with various percentages) in HDF. In this presentation we discuss the benefits of using pre-HDF and show how to match performances with post-HDF. Potential advantages of new ol-HDF options (pre-, mixed and mid-dilution) that are advocated have to be demonstrated in clinical trials. On-line HDF is a multipurpose treatment method that is employed to improve care and outcomes of ESRD patients. Due to its versatility, ol-HDF should be considered as a technical platform permitting to personalize and tailor treatment to patients' needs. The mode of substitution (post-, pre-, mixed or mid-dilution) should be established according to hemorheological conditions of the individual patient.
Holographic data storage by combined use of peristrophic, angular, and spatial multiplexing (2000)

For multihologram recording, especially in a disk-shaped storage medium, a simple cost-effective method to implement the peristrophic, angular, and spatial multiplexing techniques together is studied and its experimental demonstration is presented. Holographic storage with both peristrophic and angular multiplexing is realized by controlling the reference beam directly with a pair of wedge prisms, while the storage with spatial multiplexing is achieved by shifting the storage medium. The area storage density of our system is strongly dependent on the f numbers of the lenses in the signal and reference arms. For a given f number of the lens in the reference arm, we show that the area storage density becomes maximal when the f number of the lens in the signal arm is approximately twice that in the reference arm. The proposed method can be used for 3-D holographic disk memories to enhance their area storage density.
Supplementary Table 4 from ALDH1-Positive Cancer Stem Cells Predict Engraftment of Primary Breast Tumors and Are Governed by a Common Stem Cell Program (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table SIII. Breast cancer stem cell gene expression signature (BCSC-GES)&lt;/p&gt;
Prostaglandin and Fatty Acid ω- and (ω-1)-Oxidation in Rabbit Lung (1989)

Terminal acetylenic fatty acid mechanism-based inhibitors (Ortiz de Montellano, P. R., and Reich, N. O. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4136-4141) were used as probes in determining the substrate specificity of rabbit lung cytochrome P-450 isozymes of pregnant animals in both microsomes and reconstituted systems. Lung microsomal and reconstituted P-450 form 5-catalyzed lauric acid omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylase activities were inhibited by a 12-carbon terminal acetylenic fatty acid, 11-dodecynoic acid (11-DDYA), and an 18-carbon terminal acetylenic fatty acid, 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA). Rabbit lung microsomal lauric acid omega-hydroxylase activity was more sensitive to inhibition by 11-DDYA than was (omega-1)-hydroxylase activity. In reconstituted systems containing purified P-450 form 5, both omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid were inhibited in parallel when either 11-DDYA or 17-ODYA was used. These data suggest the presence of at least two P-450 isozymes in rabbit lung microsomes capable of lauric acid omega-hydroxylation. This is the first report indicating the multiplicity of lauric acid hydroxylases in lung microsomes. Lung microsomal prostaglandin omega-hydroxylation, mediated by the pregnancy-inducible P-450PG-omega (Williams, D. E., Hale, S. E., Okita, R. T., and Masters, B. S. S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14600-14608) was subject to inhibition by 17-ODYA only, whereas 11-DDYA acid was not an effective inhibitor of this hydroxylase. We have recently developed a new terminal acetylenic fatty acid, 12-hydroxy-16-heptadecynoic acid (12-HHDYA), that contains a hydroxyl group at the omega-6 position. We show that 12-HHDYA possesses a high degree of selectivity for the inactivation of rabbit lung microsomal prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase activity which cannot be obtained with the long chain acetylenic inhibitor, 17-ODYA. In addition, 12-HHDYA has no effect on lauric acid omega- or omega-1-hydroxylation or on benzphetamine N-demethylation. The development of this new terminal acetylenic fatty acid inhibitor provides us with a useful tool with which to study the physiological role of prostaglandin omega-hydroxylation in the rabbit lung during pregnancy.
Fibre Film Contactors (2012)

Abstract The paper highlights the role of fibre film contactors in caustic removal of mercaptans, naphthenic acids and hydrogen sulfide impurities from hydrocarbon streams. This novel mass transfer equipment creates an interfacial surface between hydrocarbon and caustic phases in a non-dispersive manner. It consists of a multitude of hollow fibres packed in a cylindrical column where the hydrocarbon and aqueous phase flow co-currently downward forming a thin film on the fibre surface. This eliminates problems associated with the principle of droplet formation and dispersion of one phase into the other, followed by conventional sulfur extraction/sweetening units. The conventional units face the problems of large phase-separation (settling) time, entrainment and carryover of caustic in the outlet stream, generation of dilute wastes, unpredictable results and product contamination. Fibre film contactor units carry out caustic extraction in an energy efficient and lower capital-intensive manner as compared with conventional caustic treatment units.
Smart Electrochemical Oxygen Sensor for Personal Protective Equipment (2011)

Self contained closed circuit rebreathers are life supporting breathing systems, where the exhaled gas is recycled by filtering CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and replacing metabolized O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . For the O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> injection control galvanic O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors are used to measure the partial pressure of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . A malfunction of the sensors can lead to a gas mixture beyond life supporting limits which is life threatening. Galvanic O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors are often used in anaesthetic machines in hospitals. Also in this case, a malfunction of the sensors can cause severe injury to a person. It is obvious that such sensors are key elements in life supporting equipment and as such must be designed in order to achieve high functional safety. However these sensors are consuming sensors, and with that, will fail at a certain time. Failure modes include current limitation, non linearity, electrolyte evaporation or leakage, etc. Within this paper a novel low cost read out electronic circuit for galvanic O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors is presented, which allows not only digital readout, digital temperature compensation, on board storage of calibration and manufacturing data, but also can be used for performing voltammetry cycles to test the Pb anode for exhaustion. First measurements are presented and compared to data from a Solartron SI 1287 impedance analyzer, which is state-of-the-art in electrochemical sensor characterization.