gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutral sphingomyelinase action stimulates signal transduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the synthesis of cholesteryl esters in human fibroblasts. (1994)

We have investigated biochemical mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha signaling in cultured human skin fibroblasts. We found that TNF-alpha signaling may involve activation of a cell membrane neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) in that within 2.5-5 min of treatment of cells with TNF-alpha there was a 2-fold increase in the activity of N-SMase compared to control. This reaction led to the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin as evidenced by a decrease in sphingomyelin mass and in the radioactivity associated with [14C]choline-labeled sphingomyelin. This was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in the formation of cholesteryl [14C]oleate within 2.5 min of incubation with TNF-alpha. This reaction also stimulated the mobilization of cell surface-associated [3H]cholesterol and its utilization in the synthesis of [3H]cholesteryl esters via acyl coenzyme-A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that the cellular level of cholesteryl esters increased about 2.5-3-fold following treatment with TNF-alpha compared to control. Cholesteryl ester synthesis was compromised upon incubation of cells with antibody against N-SMase and remained unaltered with TNF-beta and fibroblast growth factor. Furthermore, TNF-alpha-mediated stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis was compromised by incubation of cells with an inhibitor of ACAT. These findings suggest a possible biological role of N-SMase in the signal transduction of TNF-alpha in the synthesis of cholesteryl esters in human fibroblasts.
Supplementary Data from Cyclooxygenase-2 Is a Novel Transcriptional Target of the Nuclear EGFR-STAT3 and EGFRvIII-STAT3 Signaling Axes (2023)

Supplementary Data from Cyclooxygenase-2 Is a Novel Transcriptional Target of the Nuclear EGFR-STAT3 and EGFRvIII-STAT3 Signaling Axes
Interactive swept surface modeling in virtual reality with motion-tracked controllers (2017)

In this work we describe an interactive technique which enables gestural curve and surface design in an immersive virtual environment. We use a pair of motion tracked controllers to allow the user to intuitively control a Hermite spline curve which can be swept through space to create surfaces, or to define the location and orientation of cloned meshes. A head mounted display and tracked controllers replace the traditional keyboard and mouse for view selection and object interaction. Natural and expressive body motions allow the user to specify the parameters which define the curves and surfaces. Results are demonstrated using the HTC Vive VR system.
The Role of <sup>123</sup>I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Lewy Body Disease in Patients with Dementia in a Memory Clinic (2006)

Reduction in cardiac (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake is a characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and is useful in distinguishing them from other neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of this method of scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of dementia in our Memory Clinic. We performed MIBG scintigraphy in patients with dementia referred to the Memory Clinic and compared the heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio of MIBG uptake. Thirty out of 32 patients with DLB and all 9 PD with dementia patients had reduced H/M ratios, whereas 37 out of 40 patients with Alzheimer's disease had normal H/M ratios. Most patients with vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and other dementias had normal H/M ratios. The overall sensitivity to positively identify patients with Lewy body disease (including DLB and PD with dementia) was 95%, and the specificity to distinguish them from patients with other types of dementias was 87%. MIBG scintigraphy showed a high sensitivity for the detection of Lewy body disease, and also a high specificity for discrimination from other types of dementia. The scintigraphy may provide a valuable and adjunctive method in the diagnosis of Lewy body disease and a differential diagnostic tool for patients with dementias.
Chemical approaches to the elucidation of template biosynthesis: study of replication and reverse transcription (1998)

Chemical approaches to the elucidation of DNA template biosynthesis using DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases, predominantly DNA polymerase I from E.coli and reverse transcriptase from HIV-1, are considered. Special attention is paid to the comparison of chemical modification and X-ray structural analysis data as well as to quantitative aspects of the interaction of DNA polymerases with templates, primers, and nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. New versions of a catalytically competent labelling method developed in the course of investigation of these enzymes are described. The data obtained in the analysis of replication complexes using primer analogues with photoreactive groups are presented. The bibliography includes 98 references.
Melt electrospinning in a parallel electric field (2014)

ABSTRACT Electrospinning is an efficient and direct method of fabricating nanofibers. Fibers are frequently unstable in the electrospinning process, and the uneven distribution of the electric field is an important factor leading to instability. Experimental and finite element simulation studies are conducted on the process of melt electrospinning in a parallel electric field. Two parallel metal disks are used to successfully generate a uniform electric field. Electric field intensity on the edges of the metal disk is always stronger than the field at the center of the disk or at the spinneret bottom. The diameters, distances, and relative areas of these disks significantly affect the distribution of the electric field. Thus, the parallel electric field effectively reduces jet buckling in melt electrospinning. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52 , 946–952
Thermal decomposition behavior of poly[3,3‐bis(ethoxymethyl) oxetane] and related polyethers (1985)

Abstract The thermal decomposition behavior of poly[3,3‐bis(ethoxymethyl)oxetane] (polyBEMO) was examined and compared to the decomposition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (polyTHF). Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies as a function of heating rates and at constant temperature as a function of time yielded activation energies of 45–50 kcal/mol, characteristic of polyether decomposition. First‐order decomposition kinetics were found. The reaction is endothermic, with a heat of decomposition of 18.6 kcal/mol. Effusion mass spectroscopy on polyBEMO showed major peaks at 112, 140, 168, and 174 amu. A mechanism is proposed in which the thermal scission of the ether bonds in both the polymer chain and in the appendanges initiates the decomposition. The main decomposition reaction for polyBEMO can be written as magnified image where the appendages and main chain are cleaved in an unknown order.
CCCVIII.—The preparation of the isomeric methoxybenzyl bromides (1923)

J. B. Shoesmith, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1923, 123, 2698 DOI: 10.1039/CT9232302698
Maintaining software through intentional source-code views (2002)

Maintaining the source code of large software systems is hard. One underlying cause is that existing modularisation mechanisms are inadequate to handle crosscutting concerns. We propose intentional source-code views as an intuitive and lightweight means of modelling such concerns. They increase our ability to understand, modularise and browse the source code by grouping together source-code entities that address the same concern. They facilitate software development and evolution, because alternative descriptions of the same intentional view can be checked for consistency and relations among intentional views can be defined and verified. Finally, they enable us to specify knowledge developers have about source code that is not captured by traditional program documentation mechanisms.Our intentional view model is implemented in a logic metaprogramming language that can reason about and manipulate object-oriented source code directly. The proposed model has been validated on the evolution of a medium-sized object-oriented application in Smalltalk, and a prototype tool has been implemented.
Development of Fermented Kombucha Tea Beverage Enriched with Inulin and B Vitamins (2023)

Kombucha is a sweet and sour beverage made by fermenting a liquid base with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. Different tea substrates, carbohydrate sources, and additional ingredients are used to create beverages with different physical and chemical characteristics. The purpose of this work was to create a recipe and technology to study the properties of the beverage based on kombucha with a given chemical composition. The content of added functional ingredients (vitamins and inulin) in quantities comparable with reference daily intake was the specified parameter characterizing the distinctive features of the enriched beverages. For fermentation using symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeast, a black tea infusion sweetened with sucrose was used as a substrate. The changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the fermented tea beverage base were evaluated. The dynamics of changes in pH, acidity, the content of mono- and disaccharides, ethanol, organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, and volatile organic substances were shown. The fermentation conditions were selected (pH up to 3.3 ± 0.3, at T = 25 ± 1 °C, process duration of 14 days) to obtain the beverage base. Strawberry and lime leaves were used as flavor and aroma ingredients, and vitamins with inulin were used as functional ingredients. Since the use of additional ingredients changed the finished beverage’s organoleptic profile and increased its content of organic acids, the final product’s physical–chemical properties, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic indicators were assessed. The content of B vitamins in the beverages ranges from 29 to 44% of RDI, and 100% of RDI for inulin, which allows it to be attributed to the category of enriched products. The DPPH inhibitory activity of the beverages was 82.0 ± 7%, and the ethanol content did not exceed 0.43%. The beverages contained a variety of organic acids: lactic (43.80 ± 4.82 mg/100 mL), acetic (205.00 ± 16.40 mg/100 mL), tartaric (2.00 ± 0.14 mg/100 mL), citric (65.10 ± 5.86 mg/100 mL), and malic (45.50 ± 6.37 mg/100 mL). The technology was developed using pilot equipment to produce fermented kombucha tea enriched with inulin and B vitamins.
N-acetylcysteine does not prevent contrast induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterisation with an ionic low osmolality contrast medium: a multicentre clinical trial (2005)

Oral N-acetylcysteine did not prevent CIN in patients at low to moderate risk undergoing cardiac catheterisation with ionic low osmolality contrast medium.
Antenna design constrains for Wireless mobile Sensor Networks in Harsh Environments (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a key point of application and research in the next future. WSNs are applied in many technological areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, traffic control, industrial automation, industrial production management, logistics, e.g. the work published by Xu et al. (2004). Many researchers are developing studies to analyze the use of WSNs for an increasing number of applications, looking for optimized solutions in terms of power consumption, available bandwidth, sensor dimensions, computational speed, realization costs (Manges, 1999). Compared to analogous solutions, WSNs are particularly efficient and interesting, if exploited in complex scenarios, where wired sensors cannot be used, or the sensor itself is a moveable one, e.g., the application proposed in the work of Wark et al. (2007). In this framework, a mobile wireless technological solution for leakage monitoring in water pipes, based on the use of acoustic sensors, has been recently introduced (Trinchero et al., 2009).
Dynamic Security Assertion Markup Language: Simplifying Single Sign-On (2008)

Growth in the use of business process outsourcing and collaborative platforms is driving the demand for organizations to selectively share the identity information they maintain about their users with other partners. Widely accepted protocol such as the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) are designed to deliver single sign-on (SSO) and other security attributes, but although organizations can gain significant business value by using federated identity management techniques, they continue to face major implementation hurdles (such as wanting to scale from fewer than 10 partners to dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of them). Dynamic SAML takes advantage of security best practices and the exchange of configuration information to minimize the manual steps that administrators must currently perform to configure SAML connections securely. Although it isn't yet possible to completely automate a decision of human trust, dynamic SAML can automate the underlying exchanges to make this decision fast, simple, and secure.
Single-Carbon Chemistry of Acetogenic and Methanogenic Bacteria (1985)

Methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria metabolize carbon monoxide, methanol, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases and, in the case of certain methanogens, acetate, by single-carbon (C1) biochemical mechanisms. Many of these reactions occur while the C1 compounds are linked to pteridine derivatives and tetrapyrrole coenzymes, including corrinoids, which are used to generate, reduce, or carbonylate methyl groups. Several metalloenzymes, including a nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, are used in both catabolic and anabolic oxidoreductase reactions. We propose biochemical models for coupling carbon and electron flow to energy conservation during growth on C1 compounds based on the carbon flow pathways inherent to acetogenic and methanogenic metabolism. Biological catalysts are therefore available which are comparable to those currently in use in the Monsanto process. The potentials and limitations of developing biotechnology based on these organisms or their enzymes and coenzymes are discussed.
Selective Oxidation of Vinyl Ethers and Silyl Enol Ethers with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Peroxotungstophosphate (1997)

The oxidation of vinyl and silyl enol ethers with aqueous hydrogen peroxide was first achieved by the use of peroxotungstophosphate (PCWP) as the catalyst. For example, the oxidation of 1-ethoxy-1-octene with a stoichiometric amount of 35% H(2)O(2) in the presence of PCWP (0.5 mol %) in a mixed solvent of methanol and dichloromethane at room temperature gave 1-ethoxy-1-methoxy-2-hydroxyoctane, a synthetic equivalent of 2-hydroxyoctanal, in 70% yield. The oxidation of acyclic silyl enol ethers such as 1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-octene under these conditions gave 1-hydroxy-2-octanone in 72% yield, while the same oxidation in dichloromethane alone resulted in cleavage of the enol double bond to form heptanal in 71% yield. Cyclic silyl enol ethers were converted into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy ketones in 48-71% yields under similar reaction conditions.
Clinical manifestations of acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men. (1987)

During a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a cohort of gay/bisexual men, information on self-reported symptoms lasting for 3 or more days during the previous 6 months was collected without knowledge of the subject's HIV serological status. Twenty-two people were retrospectively found to have seroconverted to HIV during the interval. Each seroconverter was matched to two seronegative and two seropositive controls. Matched case-control analyses using the seronegative controls determined that the following symptoms lasting for 3 or more days were associated with new HIV infection: fever greater than 37.7 degrees C, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats and headaches. Matched case-control analyses using the seropositive controls determined that the following symptoms lasting for 3 or more days were associated with new HIV infection: fatigue, fever greater than 37.7 degrees C, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats and headaches. It was notable that the majority of seroconversions were not associated with any symptoms lasting for 3 or more days. Due to their non-specificity, symptoms associated with seroconversion are not likely to have a high positive predictive value. In high risk populations, however, appearance of these symptoms may facilitate identification of early infection that may be important for studies of natural history or for optimal timing for initiating antiviral therapy.
Study of Grains and Boundaries of Molybdenum Diselenide and Tungsten Diselenide Using Liquid Crystal (2017)

Direct observation of grains and boundaries is a vital factor in altering the electrical and optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), that is, MoSe<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub>. Here, we report visualization of grains and boundaries of chemical vapor deposition grown MoSe<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub> on silicon, using optical birefringence of two-dimensional layer covered with nematic liquid crystal (LC). An in-depth study was performed to determine the alignment orientation of LC molecules and their correlation with other grains. Interestingly, we found that alignment of liquid crystal has discrete preferential orientations. From computational simulations, higher adsorption energy for the armchair direction was found to force LC molecules to align on it, compared to that of the zigzag direction. We believe that these TMDs with three-fold symmetric alignment could be utilized for display applications.
Geometric optics-based design of laser beam shapers (2003)

When diffraction effects are not important, geometrical optics (ray tracing, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the constant optical path length condition) can be used to design laser beam shapers by solving beam shaping equations or by optimizing a beam shaping merit function for the configurations, including aspheric ele- ments or spherical-surface gradient-index lenses, which are required to change the input irradiance and phase profile into a more useful form. Geometrical optics-based methods are presented for shaping both rota- tionally and rectangular symmetric laser beam profiles. Solutions of the beam shaping equations are presented for a two-plano-aspheric lens system for shaping a circular symmetric Gaussian beam into a top-hat output beam profile and a two-mirror system with no central obscuration for shaping an elliptical Gaussian input beam into a Fermi-Dirac output beam profile. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
A 93-GHz beam switched grid array antenna on PCB (2017)

This paper proposes a planar grid array antenna (GAA) at 93 GHz on low cost printed circuit board (PCB). The switched beams can be realized in a very simple and elegant way by positioning the feeding points properly. With substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure, the antenna is able to generate 3 beams with a specific coverage of ±19° and a peak realized gain of 18.7 dBi.
Multiple Description Source Coding and Diversity Routing: A Joint Source Channel Coding Approach to Real-Time Services over Dense Networks (2003)

LCAV
Amplitude and phase acoustic microscope using digital heterodyning (1990)

We have built a low-frequency (3–10 MHz) scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that measures amplitude and phase of rf tone bursts quickly and accurately. The amplitude has a 70-dB dynamic range; the phase is measured to better than 0.1°. The electronics are capable of operating at greater than a 100-kHz repetition rate. The signal is mixed with a reference that is shifted discretely in-phase between tone bursts, the product is integrated and digitized, and the amplitude and phase are computed using at least three digitized values. This general technique operates at a rate limited by the digitizer.
A 1.8 V 3 mW 16.8 GHz frequency divider in 0.25 μm CMOS (2002)

High-speed frequency dividers, as typically needed in optical and satellite communication systems, are often used as showcases for new high-speed technologies. The development in broadband networks such as the 10 Gb/s ethernet, however, has raised the question of whether it is possible to realize the required circuits including these most demanding ones in a low-cost mainstream digital CMOS process. Recent studies suggest that it is difficult to design, in standard 0.25 /spl mu/m digital CMOS and using known circuit topologies, a 1.8 V static 1/2 frequency divider for operation beyond 5 GHz. The work described here demonstrates a circuit topology which overcomes a problem in high-speed divider designs and, therefore, can be used to design such a divider for input frequencies up to 10 GHz and beyond with relative ease.
Encephalitis Caused by Pathogens Transmitted through Organ Transplants, United States, 2002–2013 (2014)

The cause of encephalitis among solid organ transplant recipients may be multifactorial; the disease can result from infectious or noninfectious etiologies. During 2002-2013, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated several encephalitis clusters among transplant recipients. Cases were caused by infections from transplant-transmitted pathogens: West Nile virus, rabies virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Balamuthia mandrillaris amebae. In many of the clusters, identification of the cause was complicated by delayed diagnosis due to the rarity of the disease, geographic distance separating transplant recipients, and lack of prompt recognition and reporting systems. Establishment of surveillance systems to detect illness among organ recipients, including communication among transplant center physicians, organ procurement organizations, and public health authorities, may enable the rapid discovery and investigation of infectious encephalitis clusters. These transplant-transmitted pathogen clusters highlight the need for greater awareness among clinicians, pathologists, and public health workers, of emerging infectious agents causing encephalitis among organ recipients.
Need for reduction of cyclosporin dosage in renal transplant patients with hypertriglyceridemia but not hypercholesterolemia (1996)

Currently there is a paucity of data regarding the influence of high serum triglyceride levels on cyclosporin A (CyA) levels and dosing. We therefore undertook a retrospective study to determine the relationship of serum lipid levels to CyA levels and CyA dosages. Renal transplant patients at a 0.5-to-3-year post-transplant stage, with a stable CyA dosage, who were not on medications that affect CyA metabolism or renal function, were entered into the study. The CyA dosage was adjusted by clinicians to maintain whole blood. 12-h CyA trough levels between 200 and 250 ng/ml (monoclonal TDX method, which measures the parent compound). Forty-four patients qualified for the study. The data clearly indicated that high cholesterol levels (> 300 mg/dl and with normal triglyceride levels) did not influence the CyA levels or the dosages. Conversely, high triglyceride levels ( > 500 mg/dl) significantly reduced the amount of CyA required. A decreased clearance of CyA in the presence of hypertriglyceridemia led to high CyA levels in some patients. Reducing the CyA dosage to achieve levels between 200 and 250 ng/ml improved renal allograft function and decreased other side effects attributed to CyA toxicity. These studies indicate that high triglyceride levels, but not high cholesterol levels, increase CyA levels, which can lead to CyA toxicity.