gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcul des pertes par Courants de Foucault dans les APs pour des Machines Synchrones à Flux-Axial (2015)

RESUME – Ce papier traite d’une méthode de calcul rapide des pertes par courant de Foucault (CF) dans les aimants permanents (APs). Cette méthode est basée sur la résolution des équations de Maxwell en utilisant les éléments finis 3D (EF-3D), puis sur le calcul des CF dans les APs en utilisant les différences finies (DF) avec un maillage grossier. La conductivité électrique dans les APs a été négligée dans le calcul EF-3D, i.e. l’équation de diffusion n’est pas considérée. Deux machines synchrones à APs à flux-axial (MSAPFA) sont étudiées : 24-encoches/16-pôles à APs déposés en surface (SPM) et 24-encoches/16-pôles à APs enterrés (IPM). Finalement, les pertes par CF dans les APs, ainsi que le temps de calcul, seront comparés à un calcul complet EF-3D. ABSTRACT – This paper deals with a fast calculation method of permanent magnet (PM) eddy-current losses. The model is based on Maxwell equations resolution using 3D finite elements method (3D-FEM), and the calculation of eddy-currents in PMs using finite differences method (FDM) considering a large mesh. The PM electric conductivity is not taken into account in the 3D-FEM resolution, i.e. the diffusion equation is not considered, leading to a faster calculation. Two kinds of axial-flux PM synchronous machines (AFPMSM) are studied: 24-slots/16-poles surface mounted-PM (SPM) and 24-slots/16-poles interior PM (IPM). Finally, PM eddy-current losses and computation time are compared to full 3D-FEM.
Oxygen, Gene Expression, and Cellular Function (1997)

Cellular Sources and Steady-State Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Cytotoxicity of Oxyradicals and the Evolution of Superoxide Dismutases Oxygen Conformance and Cellular Regulation Metabolic Effects of Hyperoxia: Lessons from Permanent Cell Lines Transgenic Models for the Study of Lung Injury and Repair: Integration of Molecular, Functional, and Cellular Approaches Glutathione Cycling in Oxidative Stress Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation Oxidative Stress and Aging Vascular Smooth Muscle Oxygen Sensing Oxygen Control of Erythropoietin Gene Expression Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) and the Regulation of Gene Expression Oxidant Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Cancer Phenotype Manifestations and Mechanisms of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury to the Lung Regulation of Alveolar Epithelial Na+ Channel Expression and Activity in Hyperoxia Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Respiratory Tract Lining Fluids Lung Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Tolerance to Hyperoxia
1130 Establishing fertility benchmarks for in-line automated milk progesterone monitoring in postpartum dairy cows (2016)

Milk progesterone (MP4) concentrations in postpartum dairy cows are indicative of ovarian cyclicity. The adoption of automated in-line MP4 monitoring on farm has created the need for benchmarks to better understand MP4 data across cows, parities, farms, etc. The objective was to establish useful fertility benchmarks for in-line MP4 records. MP4 records (n = 135,588) from an automated milk progesterone sampling system (Herd Navigator; DeLaval International, Tumba, Sweden) were used. The records were from 1224 lactations of 1505 lactating cows in 4 European herds from January 2014 to December 2015. Farms started monitoring MP4 by 20 d postpartum. Excluded cows did not have MP4 samples before 30 d postpartum, lacked a defined ovulation (MP4 < 3ng/mL followed consecutively by MP4 > 3ng/mL), or lacked consistent MP4 records. The LIFETEST and GLM procedures of SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) were used to test for differences among farm, parity, and milk yield for commencement of luteal activity (CLA) and length of postpartum estrous cycle. CLA was defined by MP4 > 3ng/mL on 20 to 22 d for initial samples or by a defined ovulation thereafter. Length of estrous cycle was the difference between the two ovulations. Cows were classified as primiparous, mature (2 to 4 lactations), or aged ( > 4 lactations). The UNIVARIATE procedure was used to classify daily milk yield (Q1: < 25 kg/day, Q2: 25 to 33 kg/day, Q3: 34 to 41kg/day, Q4: > 41kg/day). The mean interval to CLA was 28.7 ± 14.6 d for all farms. Farm 4 had more cows (103/308 cows) not achieving CLA by 50 d postpartum than the other farms (P < 0.001). Aged cows (28/114, 25%) failed to achieve CLA by 50 d postpartum compared with primiparous cows (13/148; P < 0.05). Highest producing cows (Q4) failed to achieve CLA by 40 d postpartum compared with cows producing less than 33kg/day (P < 0.001). Length of estrous cycle was shorter for farms 1 and 2 (21.8 ± 0.4d) compared with 22.7 ± 0.4 and 23.0 ± 0.4d for farms 3 and 4, respectively (P < 0.05). Length of estrous cycle differed (P < 0.001) for primiparous, mature, and aged cows, 21.3 ± 0.2d, 22.7 ± 0.2d, and 23.0 ± 0.5d, respectively. Strategic sampling of MP4 concentrations using an automated system identified differences between herds, parities, and milk production with respect to ovarian cyclicity. Establishing benchmarks based on these data will enable producers to assess ovarian function and the underlying causes of infertility in their herds.
Classical assessment to the single point mooring and turret dynamic stability problems (1996)

The work reviews the single point mooring horizontal stability problem and applies some of the consolidated ideas to the turret equivalent problem. The Routh-Hurwitz criteria is applied and commercial time-domain programs are processed to understand what are the relevant properties for the turret. The concepts from Bifurcation Theory are addressed by direct approach. An actual turret case that will be installed in the deep water Campos Basin offshore Brazil is analyzed.
Why Title VII Should Prohibit All Workplace Sexual Harassment (2000)

Over the last decade, courts have increasingly struggled with a problem in sexual harassment doctrine: Title VII, the statute under which most federal claims of sexual harassment are brought, does not explicitly prohibit sexual harassment. Instead, the statute makes it unlawful for an employer to discriminate "against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's... sex."
Effects of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes (2020)

This 12-month, randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in terms of (1) the reduction of at least 5% of body weight compared to baseline and (2) the percentage of participants in which fasting blood glucose (FBG) normalizes (<5.6 mmol/L) post-intervention, in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with impaired fasting glucose. A total of 300 Saudi adults with prediabetes at baseline (FBG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L) were enrolled to receive either general advice (GA) or a rigorous, self-monitored, lifestyle modification program (intervention group, IG) for 12 months, focused on food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, 136/150 in the GA group (90.7%) and 127/150 in the IG group (84.7%) were either overweight or obese. A total of 14% (<i>n</i> = 21) of the subjects in the IG arm discontinued, compared to 8% (<i>n</i> = 12) in the GA arm. Data from completers (92% (<i>n</i> = 138) and 86% (<i>n</i>= 129) participants in GA and IG arms, respectively) were considered for the final analysis. Post-intervention, 37.2% (<i>n</i> = 48) of participants in the IG group had ≥5% weight reduction, as compared to 12.3% (<i>n</i> = 17) in the GA group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Similarly, the percentage of participants who normalized their FBG post-intervention was 46.5% (<i>n</i> = 60) in the IG group compared to 21.7% (<i>n</i> = 30) in the GA group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). A 12-month Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-styled intensive lifestyle program translated effectively in decreasing weight and improving fasting glucose compared to the GA group in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with prediabetes, suggesting that in the case of guided intervention programs, people are willing to participate and possibly change a sedentary lifestyle.
Femtosecond damage experiments and modeling of broadband mid-infrared dielectric diffraction gratings (2021)

High peak and average power lasers with high wall-plug efficiency, like the Big Aperture Thulium (BAT) laser, have garnered tremendous attention in laser technology. To meet the requirements of the BAT laser, we have developed low-dispersion reflection multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings suitable for compression of high-energy pulses for operations at 2 micron wavelength. We carried out 10000-on-1 damage tests to investigate the fluence damage thresholds of the designed MLD gratings and mirrors, which were found between 100-230 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. An ultrashort pulsed laser (FWHM = 53 fs, λ = 1.9 μm) operating at 500 Hz was used in the serpentine raster scans. The atomic force microscope images of the damage sites show blister formation of the underlying layers at lower fluences but ablation of the grating pillars at higher fluences. We simulated the dynamic electronic excitation in the MLD optics with a finite-difference in the time domain approach in 2D. The simulation results agree well with the LIDT measurements and the observed blister formation. This model is able to evaluate the absolute LIDT of MLD gratings.
CHASING THE 'RATIONAL' MARKETPLACE (1998)

SUBTITLE: REVENUE MANAGERS SAY THEIR SYSTEMS CAN ERASE THE GUESSWORK FROM MOST AIRLINE DECISIONS.
MIMO MB-OFDM System (2004)

This paper describes and analyzes the performance of MB-OFDM UWB system that is suggested as one of standards in IEEE 802.15 TG3a for UWB application. UMBchannel model that has been contributed in IEEE 802.15 SG3a is a wideband channel model of 6Ghz bandwidth, so we modify it to have 3 subband channels that are obtained by filtering conventional U Channel, considering center frequency hopping and system bandwidth. From simulations, we compare performances of MB-OFDM system in AWGN and WB channel and verify the frequency and time domain diversity gains from time End frequency spreading technique. We also compare and analyze the performance of proposed SFBC MB-OFDM with that of conventional MB-OFDM system. Simulation results show SFBC MB-OFDM system outperforms conventional MB-OFDM system about 1.5dB of Eb/No at target BER of 10./.
Novel, Anti-hTNF-α Variable New Antigen Receptor Formats with Enhanced Neutralizing Potency and Multifunctionality, Generated for Therapeutic Development (2017)

The management of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis has significantly improved over the last decade with the clinical availability of anti-TNF-α biologics. Despite this undoubted treatment success, a combination of acquired resistance together with an increased risk of systemic complications, means that a significant number of patients either fail to find a suitable targeted therapy or frustratingly discover that an approach that did work is no longer efficacious. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new class of super-neutralizing anti-TNF-α biologics formats, the building blocks of which were originally derived as variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) domains from an immunized nurse shark. These parental small, stable VNAR monomers recognize and neutralize tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in cell-based assays, at nanomolar concentrations. However, the simple, single-chain molecular architecture of VNARs allows for easy and multiple reformatting options. Through reformatting, we achieved a 50,000-fold enhancement in <i>in vitro</i> efficacy with super-neutralizing fusion proteins able to block TNF-α induced cytotoxicity in the 2-5 pM range while retaining other functionality through the addition of fusion proteins known to extend serum half-life <i>in vivo</i>. In an <i>in vitro</i> intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction efficacy model, the lead VNAR domains, restored barrier function and prevented paracellular flux with comparable efficacy to adalimumab (Humira<sup>®</sup>). In addition, all multivalent VNAR constructs restored trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) to approximately 94% of the untreated control. Reformatted VNAR domains should be considered as a new class of biologic agents for the treatment of hTNF-α driven diseases; either used systemically with appropriate half-life extension or alternatively where site-specific delivery of small and stable neutralizers may provide improvements to current therapy options.
Development of Continuously Cooled High Strength Bainitic Steel through Microstructural Engineering at Tata Steel (2011)

Bainitic steels, which are transformed at very low temperatures, offer an excellent combination of strength and ductility where the strength comes from the nano-structured bainitic plates and thin-film of austenite sandwiched between two bainite sheaves offers the ductility. The main drawback of this structure is the long transformation time which is not ideal for industrial application. Through the microstructural engineering, the extent and kinetics of transformation can be manipulated by judicious selection of alloy composition and process variables. The main challenge is to delay the transformation till the coiling stage and allow the formation of bainite only during the cooling of the coil. In the current work, an approach will be shown, starting from the alloy design based on thermodynamics till the cooling after coiling, which can satisfy the requirements to develop such steel with 1300 MPa UTS combined with 20% elongation (min).
Protein sequestration generates a flexible ultrasensitive response in a genetic network (2009)

Ultrasensitive responses are crucial for cellular regulation. Protein sequestration, where an active protein is bound in an inactive complex by an inhibitor, can potentially generate ultrasensitivity. Here, in a synthetic genetic circuit in budding yeast, we show that sequestration of a basic leucine zipper transcription factor by a dominant-negative inhibitor converts a graded transcriptional response into a sharply ultrasensitive response, with apparent Hill coefficients up to 12. A simple quantitative model for this genetic network shows that both the threshold and the degree of ultrasensitivity depend upon the abundance of the inhibitor, exactly as we observed experimentally. The abundance of the inhibitor can be altered by simple mutation; thus, ultrasensitive responses mediated by protein sequestration are easily tuneable. Gene duplication of regulatory homodimers and loss-of-function mutations can create dominant negatives that sequester and inactivate the original regulator. The generation of flexible ultrasensitive responses is an unappreciated adaptive advantage that could explain the frequent evolutionary emergence of dominant negatives.
Process learning of network interactions in market microstructures (2009)

In this paper, we explore new models for explaining trends in high frequency market data. Market depth information such as volume at different price levels is used to develop more robust prediction models than typical ones learned on aggregate trade data. The latter ignore many of the evolving interactions of the agent based network. In light of this, two learned models incorporating various levels of price depth information are compared with a naive trading strategy. We explore the added value of using market maker network data. The study finds that on average, using information from multiple price levels gives better trend prediction results.
Primary tumors of the jaws in children. (1979)

Reports on primary tumors of the jaw in children are infrequent. This article reports 24 cases of primary tumors and tumor-like conditions of the jaws in children. All varieties of odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumors are seen in the jaw; fibro-osseous lesions are the most common. A possible explanation for the high incidence of mesenchymal lesions in children may be related to the shedding and eruption of teeth. The differences between childhood and adult types of ameloblastomas are highlighted.
Exploring Venus by solar airplane (2001)

A solar-powered airplane is proposed to explore the atmospheric environment of Venus. Venus has several advantages for a solar airplane. At the top of the cloud level, the solar intensity is comparable to or greater than terrestrial solar intensities. The Earthlike atmospheric pressure means that the power required for flight is lower for Venus than that of Mars, and the slow rotation of Venus allows an airplane to be designed for continuous sunlight, with no energy storage needed for night-time flight. These factors mean that Venus is perhaps the easiest planet in the solar system for flight of a long-duration solar airplane.
Characterization of Piezoelectric Material Parameters Through a Global Optimization Algorithm (2019)

Better understanding of the loss mechanisms and higher confidence in material data for piezoelectric materials are very important for transducer manufacturers. In this paper, a method is described to characterize these loss mechanisms using a global optimization algorithm, a 1-D equivalent circuit, and a simple experimental measurement. Two different cost functions were used in the optimization algorithm, one based on impedance and the other based on admittance. The sensitivities of these cost functions to the parameters being characterized are shown to be nonuniform. The results are compared to the results obtained from a local optimization method to show the advantage of using a global optimization algorithm. A way to quantify the uncertainty of the results is introduced by looking at the difference between the results obtained from the two different cost functions. It is shown here that the more ambient noise there is in the data, the wider the gap between the results found by the two cost functions. However, although the results from the individual cost functions diverge from the correct values with increasing noise, the average of the two cost function results remains within 5% of the original value. Hence, even with noise in the measured data, the use of two cost functions can yield accurate material parameters.
Nutritional profile and mineral composition of two edible mushroom varieties consumed and cultivated in Bangladesh (2015)

In this study we have evaluated the nutritional analysisand mineral content of two varieties of mushroom species include oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Reshii (Ganoderma lucidum). The mushroom varieties were harvested and dried, then taken to the laboratory for proximate and mineral analysis by standard assay methods. For both mushrooms the nutritional composition was analyzed namely pH, moisture content, crude fibre, ash, water soluble protein, total lipid, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and starch content. However ten mineral elements were analyzed: potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, cupper, iron, manganese and zinc having no significance difference in values of both mushroom species. Based on the result these mushrooms have high nutrient potentials hence it will serve as a good means of reducing the incidence and high prevalence of malnutrition in Bangladesh since it is a cheap food source that is within the reach of the poor.
Practical Process Research & Development (2000)

Foreword by K. Barry Sharpless. Foreword by Jerome L. Moniot. Preface. About the Author. Approaches to Process Development. Route Selection. Reagent Selection. Solvent Selection. Running the Reaction. Effects of Water. In-Process Controls. Optimizing the Reaction by Minimizing Impurities. Optimizing Catalytic Reactions. Work-Up. Tools for Purifying the Product: Column Chromatography, Crystallization, and Reslurrying. Final Product Form and Impurity Considerations. Vessels and Mixing. Preparing for and Implementing the Scale-up Run. Troubleshooting. Chiral Syntheses. General Index. Reaction Type Index. Reagent Index.
Robust Fabrication of Fluorescent Cellulosic Materials via Hantzsch Reaction (2020)

Hantzsch reaction is one of the typical multicomponent reactions (MCRs), and it is employed herein to endow cellulosic materials with fluorescent properties. For example, acetoacetyl (ACAC)-bearing cotton fabric prepared via transesterification with tert-butyl acetoacetate is subjected to an aqueous Hantzsch reaction with formaldehyde and ammonium acetate at ambient temperature. A strong fluorescent emission around 460 nm is achieved within 10 min. XPS, fluorescent spectroscopy, and elemental analysis are used to confirm the presence of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) rings on the surface of the fabric. TGA, SEM, XRD, and mechanical testing results show that the modification process has minimum impact on intrinsic properties of the fabric. The strategy is also shown to be generally applicable to various forms of cellulosic materials and different aldehydes. This fast and simple approach enriches the application of MCR in modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
Large Language Models for Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition (2018)

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in numerous downstream applications. Recently, researchers have employed pre-trained language models (PLMs) and large language models (LLMs) to address this task. However, fully leveraging the capabilities of PLMs and LLMs with minimal human effort remains challenging. In this paper, we propose GPT4NER, a method that prompts LLMs to resolve the few-shot NER task. GPT4NER constructs effective prompts using three key components: entity definition, few-shot examples, and chain-of-thought. By prompting LLMs with these effective prompts, GPT4NER transforms few-shot NER, which is traditionally considered as a sequence-labeling problem, into a sequence-generation problem. We conduct experiments on two benchmark datasets, CoNLL2003 and OntoNotes5.0, and compare the performance of GPT4NER to representative state-of-the-art models in both few-shot and fully supervised settings. Experimental results demonstrate that GPT4NER achieves the $F_1$ of 83.15\% on CoNLL2003 and 70.37\% on OntoNotes5.0, significantly outperforming few-shot baselines by an average margin of 7 points. Compared to fully-supervised baselines, GPT4NER achieves 87.9\% of their best performance on CoNLL2003 and 76.4\% of their best performance on OntoNotes5.0. We also utilize a relaxed-match metric for evaluation and report performance in the sub-task of named entity extraction (NEE), and experiments demonstrate their usefulness to help better understand model behaviors in the NER task.
CORRELATION OF H-1 NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF N,N,2,4,6-PENTAMETHYLBENZAMIDES WITH PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENT USED (2003)

CORRELATION OF H-1 NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF N,N,2,4,6-PENTAMETHYL
BENZAMIDES WITH PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENT USED