gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective mean rate policing scheme: moving ceiling scheme (2002)

ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) has been standardized by CCITT, in order to realize the broadband ISDN. Due to its properties, such as packet-oriented information transfer without flow control and flexible allocation of transmission capacity, in order to ensure quality of service for all existing calls, it is necessary to monitor and regulate the traffic for each call based on the traffic descriptor. This kind of control is the role of a policing function. In currently proposed policing schemes, we believe that it is hard to find a good mean rate policing scheme. Furthermore, it is hard to find an appropriate performance measure for comparing the policing schemes. Therefore, we propose a new policing scheme that is effective in mean rate policing and a new more practical performance measure, and then we show the efficacy of our proposed policing scheme by simulation, in terms of the proposed performance measure.
Effect of Reynolds Number on Deposition in Fuels Flowing Over Heated Surfaces (2013)

An increasing demand is being put on the fuel as a heat sink in modern aircraft. In the end, the fuel flows through the atomizer, which is both the hottest part in the thermal history of the fuel and the most critical for resisting deposition. Most studies have concentrated on the chemistry of deposition and in recent years there have been modeling efforts. Deposition is really the end product of a coupling between heat transfer to the fuel, chemical reactions to form insoluble gums, followed by the transport of these gums to the surface to form deposits. There is conflicting evidence and theory in the literature concerning the effect of turbulence on deposition, i.e., whether deposition increases or decreases with increasing Reynolds number. This paper demonstrates, through a heat transfer analysis, that the effect of the Reynolds number depends upon the boundary/initial conditions. If the flow is heated from the surface, deposition decreases with increasing Reynolds number; however, for isothermal flows, i.e., preheated, deposition can increase with the Reynolds number.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for Ceftiofur and Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary Importance to Cattle from 1997 to 2001 (2003)

Ceftiofur is an extended spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial agent that was developed solely for veterinary therapeutic use, and was first approved for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in 1988 by the FDA-CVM. In 1997 Pharmacia Animal Health (PAH) initiated a target pathogen susceptibility monitoring program, and continues to monitor the in vitro activity of ceftiofur as well as other antimicrobials used in the treatment of BRD. This paper discusses the results of monitoring the sensitivity of BRD isolates to ceftiofur over the last four years.
An analytical model of a distributed wireless MAC with service differentation (2004)

This paper presents a mathematical model of a fully distributed multiple access control (MAC) scheme that supports service differentiation in a wireless LAN environment. In the scheme, stations use CSMA for channel access, with collisions between stations of different priorities resolved by sending beacons in a predefined manner. Performance of this MAC scheme has been evaluated in a scenario with two priority levels of data traffic. The analytical results, which are validated by discrete-event simulations, show that the scheme provides good service differentiation between the different priorities of traffic
Excellent soft-magnetic properties of (Fe,Co)–Mo–(P,C,B,Si) bulk glassy alloys with ductile deformation behavior (2007)

High glass-forming ability and excellent soft-magnetic and mechanical properties were simultaneously achieved in (Fe,Co)–Mo–(P,C,B,Si) bulk glassy alloys (BGAs). The large BGA with a maximal diameter up to 6mm was formed by copper mold casting in the alloys, which is the largest size in FePC BGA system. The BGA with a proper content of Co exhibits superhigh initial effective permeability of over 360 90 at 1kHz and saturation magnetization of over 1.0T. The fracture strength of the BGA reaches 3370MPa. This bulk specimen undergoes a plastic strain exceeding 1%, which is the largest for such large ferromagnetic BGAs.
Laminin-α4 Is Uniquely Upregulated in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in Murine and Human Models of Obesity (2021)

Abstract As research into the adipocyte microenvironment has advanced, it is becoming more widely accepted that the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to adipocyte dysfunction. The majority of current published work focuses on the role of collagens in metabolic disease while less emphasis has been placed on the contribution of laminins, an important component of the adipocyte basement membrane. Laminins are trimeric ECM proteins composed of α, β, and γ chains. The α chains contain sites which can interact with cell surface receptors and is considered the driver of tissue-specific expression and specialized signaling. Our group has shown that the laminin-α4 (LAMA4) chain, which is highly expressed in mature adipocytes, plays a role in adipocyte function and thermogenesis in mice (1). In this study we investigate the relationship between laminin α chain expression and obesity by assessing gene expression of LAMA1-5 in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) from mice fed chow (RCD) and 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Expression of LAMA2 and LAMA4 was significantly increased in the HFD sWAT compared to chow (6.1 fold, p=0.01 and 4.9 fold, p=0.001 respectively), however LAMA4 displayed a much stronger positive correlation with weight (R2=0.697) than did LAMA2 (R2=0.382). In order to validate the relevance of these findings in human models of obesity, we evaluated gene expression of LAMA2, LAMA4, and LAMA5 in sWAT biopsies from non-diabetic adult females with obesity (class II or higher). sWAT samples from obese subjects exhibited 4.5 fold higher LAMA4 expression (p=0.0089) than samples from non-obese control subjects, suggesting that the LAMA4 chain may play an important role in human obesity. Lastly we examined changes in sWAT LAMA4 expression following a period of weight loss in obese mice and in human subjects after bariatric surgery, and found that LAMA4 expression levels remain largely unchanged in both cases. In this study we demonstrate the relationship between LAMA4 expression and obesity and present findings that can be extended to human models of obesity. Reference: (1) Vaicik et al., Endocrinology. 2018 Jan;159(1):356–67.
Scintillation properties and self absorption in SrI<inf>2</inf>:Eu<sup>2&#x002B;</sup> (2010)

The scintillation properties of pure SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> doped with 0.5%, 0.86%, 2%, and 5% europium were studied. Different techniques were used to measure γ-ray excited pulse-height and scintillation decay time spectra, and to perform X-ray excited and optically excited emission spectroscopy. Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> emission and self-trapped exciton (STE) emission was observed in SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> samples. These emissions were studied as a function of temperature, Eu concentration, and sample size. A spectral overlap was observed between Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> excitation and emission spectra, which strongly depends on temperature. The light yield, energy resolution and luminescence decay profiles reveal also a strong dependence on temperature, sample size, and Eu concentration. The observations were analyzed and interpreted in terms of two separate models. One model consists of the relation between STE and Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> emissions and the other deals with self absorption processes.
Grid Feature Extraction Techniques (2018)

R, with the proper packages installed, provides a powerful platform for image manipulation and feature extraction. Strengths and weaknesses of three techniques for extracting characteristics from images containing a rectangular grid (with and without defects) are contrasted. Techniques discussed are the 2 dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT), the Hough transformation for line detection, and topological data analysis (TDA) utilizing Vietoris-Rips persistence barcodes.
Finitary fairness (1994)

Fairness is a mathematical abstraction: in a multiprogramming environment, fairness abstracts the details of admissible (fair) schedulers; in a distributed environment, fairness abstracts the speeds of independent processors. We argue that the standard definition of fairness often is unnecessarily weak and can be replaced by the stronger, yet still abstract, notion of finitary fairness. While standard weak fairness requires that no enabled transition is postponed forever, finitary weak fairness requires that for every run of a system there is an unknown bound k such that no enabled transition is postponed more than k consecutive times. In general, the finitary restriction fin(F) of any given fairness assumption F is the union of all w-regular safety properties that are contained in F. The adequacy of the proposed abstraction is demonstrated in two ways. Suppose that we prove a program property under the assumption of finitary fairness. In a multiprogramming environment, the program then satisfies the property for all fair finite-state schedulers. In a distributed environment, the program then satisfies the property for all choices of lower and upper bounds on the speeds (or timings) of processors. >
Microparticle charge acquisition and reversal at impact (1972)

An extended analysis is presented of a previously proposed model for electrical breakdown in vacuum initiated by microparticle impact. It discusses the low-voltage cathode-selective microcratering observed with an electrode geometry that gives rise to non-uniform interelectrode fields. Detailed consideration has been given to the mechanisms of microparticle formation and charge acquisition, their probable geometry, and the electrode surface conditions required for elastic reflection with efficient charge reversal. Measurements have shown that stainless stell has a mechanically strong, high-resistance, dielectric surface layer; properties which have been interpreted as being responsible for the suppressing action of low-voltage microcratering by this electrode material. The technological implications of these findings are discussed.
Meningioma in fourth ventricle of brain: A case report and literature review (2018)

Meningiomas are benign tumors origin from central nervous system. They usually involve cephalic, paravertebral soft tissues, skin and in rare cases in the ear, temporal bone, mandible, foot, lung, and mediastinum. In this case, we report an unusual case of meningioma which placed in the fourth ventricle. A 14-year-old man with seizure and headache referred to our ward. The magnetic resonance imaging reported bilateral acoustic neuroma and fourth ventricle meningioma. The patient was scheduled for total tumor resection and the histopathology revealed psammomatous type of meningioma. The patient discharged with good general status.
Effects of dietary carbohydrates on cholesterol metabolism in rats of different ages. (1989)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1 month (young) and 9 months (adult) were fed diets containing sucrose, glucose or corn starch as a carbohydrate source for 4 weeks. Dietary sucrose increased (a) the liver size in rats of both ages, (b) the serum cholesterol level in adult rats, (c) the serum triglyceride level, especially in young rats, and (d) the liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels in adult rats. Consequently, there were age-related increases in serum and liver cholesterol in rats fed sucrose. No significant difference was found in the activity of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylgIutaryI coenzyme A reductase due to the diets in age-matched rats, whereas an age-related decrease was observed in rats fed simple sugars. Rats fed sucrose, especially adult rats, excreted more fecal steroids than ones fed glucose or corn starch. Sucrose tended to enhance the metabolism of linoleate to arachidonate, as judged from the fatty acid composition of liver microsomal phosphatidylcholine. Thus, sucrose exerts a peculiar effect on cholesterol metabolism in relation to age.
Overview of Fundamental Concepts (2009)

This chapter reviews several fundamental concepts to set the stage for later chapters. Emphasis here is more on the concepts per se rather than on their relationship to government as entrepreneur. That integration occurs in each of the subsequent chapters. These interrelated concepts are: the innovation and the innovation process, public/private partnerships, research partnerships, and the productivity slowdown.
Nitrofurantoin polyneuropathy: Report of two cases (1977)

Two case reports of patients who developed a toxic neuropathy associated with nitrofurantoin are presented. In each case the patient had normal renal function and the symptoms abated upon withdrawal of the drug. Although the specific mechanism by which nitrofurantoin causes the neuropathy is still not known, various hypotheses are discussed and the literature is reviewed. The danger of nitrofurantoin administration in patients with impaired renal function is emphasized, and it is stress that early signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy be reported and the drug immediately discontinued. Even in the presence of normal renal function, the recommended dosage and duration of therapy should not be exceeded.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of UV causation of melanoma in Xiphophorus is dominated by melanin photosensitized oxidant production. (2006)

Controversy continues both as to which wavelengths of sunlight cause melanoma and the mechanisms by which these different wavelengths act. Direct absorption of UVB by DNA is central in albino animal models, but melanin-pigmented models have shown major contributions by wavelengths longer than UVB that are thought to be mediated by photosensitized oxidant production. The only model for which the action spectrum of melanoma causation is known is a genetically melanoma-susceptible specific cross of Xiphophorus fish. We used electron paramagnetic resonance to quantitatively detect the UV induction of reactive melanin radicals in situ in the melanin-containing cells in the skin of this model and derived the action spectrum for melanin-photosensitized oxidant production ( ox). This action spectrum was identical to that for melanoma induction ( mel). These results confirm the hypothesis that melanin-photosensitized radical production is the major causative step of melanoma in this model and demonstrate that the wavelengths and mechanisms of melanoma causation in different models are dependent on the presence of melanin. This approach should be applicable to humans, thus providing an accurate surrogate for mel for prevention studies.
The NR4A Subgroup: Immediate Early Response Genes with Pleiotropic Physiological Roles (2006)

The nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily includes the orphan NR4A subgroup, comprised of Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and NOR-1 (NR4A3). These NRs are classified as early response genes, are induced by a diverse range of signals, including fatty acids, stress, growth factors, cytokines, peptide hormones, phorbol esters, neurotransmitters, and physical stimuli (for example magnetic fields, shear stress). The ability to sense and rapidly respond to changes in the cellular environment thus appears to be a hallmark of this subfamily. The members of the NR4A subgroup are well conserved in the DNA binding domain (approximately 91-95%) and the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (approximately 60%), but are divergent in the N-terminal AB region. These receptors bind as monomers, homodimers and heterodimers with RXRs (to mediate retinoid signaling) to different permutations of the canonical NR binding motif. The NR4A subgroup activates gene expression in a constitutive ligand-independent manner. NR4A-mediated trans-activation (LBD) involves unusually active N-terminal AF-1 domains that mediate coactivator recruitment. Moreover, the NR4A receptors encode atypical LBDs and AF-2 domains. For example, the LBDs contain no cavity due to bulky hydrophobic residue side chains, and lack the classical coactivator-binding cleft constituted by helices 3, 4 and 12. However, a hydrophobic patch exists between helices 11 and 12, that encodes a novel cofactor interface that modulates transcriptional activity. In line with the pleiotropic physiological stimuli that induce the NR4A subgroup, these orphan NRs have been implicated in cell cycle regulation (and apoptosis), neurological disease, steroidogenesis, inflammation, carcinogenesis and atherogenesis.
Fast folding of a prototypic polypeptide: The immunoglobulin binding domain of streptococcal protein G (1994)

The folding of the small (56 residues) highly stable B1 immunoglobulin binding domain (GB1) of streptococcal protein G has been investigated by quenched-flow deuterium-hydrogen exchange. This system represents a paradigm for the study of protein folding because it exhibits no complicating features superimposed upon the intrinsic properties of the polypeptide chain. Collapse to a semicompact state exhibiting partial order, reflected in protection factors for ND-NH exchange up to 10-fold higher than that expected for a random coil, occurs within the dead time (< or = 1 ms) of the quenched flow apparatus. This is followed by the formation of the fully native state, as monitored by the fractional proton occupancy of 26 backbone amide groups spread throughout the protein, in a single rapid concerted step with a half-life of 5.2 ms at 5 degrees C.
Online Learned Siamese Network with Auto-Encoding Constraints for Robust Multi-Object Tracking (2019)

Multi-object tracking aims to estimate the complete trajectories of objects in a scene. Distinguishing among objects efficiently and correctly in complex environments is a challenging problem. In this paper, a Siamese network with an auto-encoding constraint is proposed to extract discriminative features from detection responses in a tracking-by-detection framework. Different from recent deep learning methods, the simple two layers stacked auto-encoder structure enables the Siamese network to operate efficiently only with small-scale online sample data. The auto-encoding constraint reduces the possibility of overfitting during small-scale sample training. Then, the proposed Siamese network is improved to extract the previous-appearance-next vector from tracklet for better association. The new feature integrates the appearance, previous, and next stage motions of an element in a tracklet. With the new features, an online incremental learned tracking framework is established. It contains reliable tracklet generation, data association to generate complete object trajectories, and tracklet growth to deal with missing detections and to enhance the new feature for tracklet. Benefiting from discriminative features, the final trajectories of objects can be achieved by an efficient iterative greedy algorithm. Feature experiments show that the proposed Siamese network has advantages in terms of both discrimination and correctness. The system experiments show the improved tracking performance of the proposed method.
Activation via the CD3 and CD16 pathway mediates interleukin-2- dependent autocrine proliferation of granular lymphocytes in patients with granular lymphocyte proliferative disorders (1991)

Granular lymphocytes (GLs) in patients with GL-proliferative disorders (GLPDs) are known to express the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain (p70–75) constitutively and to proliferate in response to stimulation with IL-2 via the beta chain. In this report, we found that the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) OKT3 could induce the proliferation of GLs from patients with T-cell lineage GLPDs (T-cell receptor-alpha beta+/CD3+16+), but not that of natural killer (NK) cell lineage GLs (T-cell receptor-alpha beta-/CD3–16+). In contrast, the anti-CD16 MoAb 3G8 that reacts with NK-lineage GLs could induce the proliferation of these GLs but not that of GLs with a T-cell phenotype. Furthermore, the anti-CD16 MoAbs CLB FcR gran1 (VD2) and OK-NK, which react with both T- and NK-lineage GLs, induced the proliferation of GLs with both T- and and NK-cell phenotypes. The proliferative response induced via the CD3 or IgG Fc receptor III (Fc gamma RIII: CD16) pathway was shown to be associated with the IL-2-dependent autocrine pathway by various findings, including the induction of endogenous IL-2 production, the coexpression of the IL-2R alpha chain (p55) and the IL- 2R beta chain, and the inhibition of GL proliferation by anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2R MoAb. These results suggest that GL proliferation is mediated at least partly through the IL-2-dependent autocrine pathway, and that the TCR/CD3 complex in T-cell phenotype GLs and the Fc gamma RIII in both T- and NK-cell phenotype GLs play a role in their activation in GLPDs.
Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF (2012)

Abstract. The first ambient measurements using nitrate ion based Chemical Ionization with the Atmospheric Pressure interface Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) for sulphuric acid and neutral cluster detection are presented. We have found CI-APi-TOF a highly stable and sensitive tool for molecular sulphuric acid detection. The lowest limit of detection for sulphuric acid was determined to be 3.6 × 104 molecules cm−3 for 15 min averaging. Signals from sulphuric acid clusters up to tetramer containing ammonia were also obtained but these were found to result from naturally charged clusters formed by ion induced clustering in the atmosphere during nucleation. Opposite to earlier studies with cluster mass spectrometers, we had no indication of neutral clusters. The reason is either less efficient charging of clusters in comparison to molecular sulphuric acid, or the low concentration of neutral clusters at our measurement site during these particular nucleation events. We show that utilizing high resolution mass spectrometry is crucial in separating the weak sulfuric acid cluster signal from other compounds.
Building Dynamic Knowledge Graphs from Text using Machine Reading\n Comprehension (2018)

We propose a neural machine-reading model that constructs dynamic knowledge\ngraphs from procedural text. It builds these graphs recurrently for each step\nof the described procedure, and uses them to track the evolving states of\nparticipant entities. We harness and extend a recently proposed machine reading\ncomprehension (MRC) model to query for entity states, since these states are\ngenerally communicated in spans of text and MRC models perform well in\nextracting entity-centric spans. The explicit, structured, and evolving\nknowledge graph representations that our model constructs can be used in\ndownstream question answering tasks to improve machine comprehension of text,\nas we demonstrate empirically. On two comprehension tasks from the recently\nproposed PROPARA dataset (Dalvi et al., 2018), our model achieves\nstate-of-the-art results. We further show that our model is competitive on the\nRECIPES dataset (Kiddon et al., 2015), suggesting it may be generally\napplicable. We present some evidence that the model's knowledge graphs help it\nto impose commonsense constraints on its predictions.\n
Etude fonctionnelle d’une protéine immunomodulatoire poxvirale (2004)

National audience