gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Synchrotron Radiation Applications to Low Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science (2002)

Research Article| January 01, 2002 An Overview of Synchrotron Radiation Applications to Low Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science Gordon E. Brown, Jr.; Gordon E. Brown, Jr. 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences2Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-2115, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Neil C. Sturchio Neil C. Sturchio 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607-7059, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Gordon E. Brown, Jr. 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences2Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-2115, U.S.A. Neil C. Sturchio 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607-7059, U.S.A. Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2002) 49 (1): 1–115. https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.1 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Gordon E. Brown, Neil C. Sturchio; An Overview of Synchrotron Radiation Applications to Low Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2002;; 49 (1): 1–115. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search The availability of synchrotron radiation (SR) to the scientific community has literally revolutionized the way X-ray science is done in many disciplines, including low temperature geochemistry and environmental science. The key reason is that SR provides continuum vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and X-ray radiation five to ten orders of magnitude brighter than that from standard sealed or rotating anode X-ray tubes (Winick 1987; Altarelli et al. 1998). Although SR was first observed indirectly by John Blewitt in 1945 (Blewitt 1946) and directly by Floyd Haber in 1946 at the General Electric 100-MeV Betatron in Schenectady, NY... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Iterative channel estimation and decoding of pilot symbol assisted LDPC coded QAM over flat fading channels (2004)

This paper considers pilot symbol assisted LDPC coded 16 QAM over flat fading channels. Iterative channel estimation and decoding method with hard, soft and threshold-controlled hard decision feedback is suggested to improve performance. We find that the hard decision feedback performs best with the 16 QAM modulation and Wiener smoothing. For faster fading case with normalized Doppler spread f/sub d/T/sub s/=0.02, 1.8 dB performance improvement is achieved over PSAM system, with only 1.5 dB gap to the perfect CSI performance. For slower fading case f/sub d/T/sub s/=0.005, 1.0 dB performance improvement is achieved with only 0.3 dB gap to the perfect CSI performance.
Measurement of bepicolombo mission Medium Gain Antenna parameters (2016)

This paper is aimed to explain the radiation test in temperature performed on the radiofrequency assembly (RFA) of the Medium Gain Antenna (MGA) of ESA BepiColombo mission. The goal of this mission is to observe and study Mercury and its surroundings in a very demanding and stringent environment in terms of temperature and radiation. The paper presents the measurement set-up for the qualification campaign of the antenna, where it was necessary to characterize the antenna in a representative thermal environment.
Development and Diagnostic Application of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) (2020)

Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a member of the Coronaviridae family. The virus is associated with severe small intestine inflammation and diarrhea in suckling piglets. In 2017, SADS-CoV was first detected and identified as the causative agent of a devasting swine disease outbreak in southern China. Routine monitoring and early detection of the source of infection is therefore integral to the prevention and control of a SADS-CoV outbreak in the United States. However, the United States does not currently have any diagnostic or surveillance tests to identify this emerging disease. To address these industry needs, we developed monoclonal antibodies against SADS-CoV. To start with, the nonstructural SADS-CoV, papain-like protease 2 region (PLP2) was cloned into an E.coli plasmid expression vector Next, the nonstructural protein SADS-CoV PLP2 was expressed, purified and used as antigen. Then, the purified antigen was used to immunized mice to produce monoclonal antibodies and rabbits were immunized to produce antisera containing polyclonal antibodies also for diagnostic test development. Mouse spleen cells and a mouse tumor cell line (NS-1 myeloma) were fused together to produce hybridoma clones. The resulting monoclonal antibodies were characterized and evaluated for their ability to specifically recognize SADS-CoV PLP2 epitope in cell culture. In total, nine monoclonal antibodies and approximately 105 milliliters of rabbit antisera were produced. The immunoreactivity of each monoclonal antibody and antisera was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and Western blot assays. The monoclonal antibodies will be used to develop validated diagnostic ELISA, IFA, Western blot tests and to better understand virus replication. Overall, the monoclonal antibodies, reagents, and assays will be vital in establishing the first early detection and surveillance tests thus preventing major economic losses to the swine industry.
Low-Dose Augmentation With Buprenorphine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial With Multimodal Assessment of Target Engagement (2021)

Our findings suggest a lack of clinical effect of low-dose BPN augmentation and lack of target engagement with this dosage and physiological probes.
The spindle assembly checkpoint inCaenorhabditis elegans: One who lacks Mad1 becomes mad one (2009)

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors the microtubule attachment status of the kinetochore and arrests cells before anaphase until all pairs of sister kinetochores achieve bipolar attachment of microtubules, thereby ensuring faithful chromosome transmission. The evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil protein MAD1 has been implicated in the SAC signaling pathway. MAD1 forms a complex with another SAC component MAD2 and specifically localizes to unattached kinetochores to facilitate efficient binding of MAD2 to its target, CDC20, the mitotic substrate-specific activator of the anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). Thus, MAD1 connects 2 sequential events in the SAC signaling pathway-recognition of unattached kinetochores and inhibition of APC/C activity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it specifically localizes to unattached kinetochores are largely unknown. Studies in multicellular organisms have revealed the role of MAD1 in development and tumor suppression, but the precise time at which MAD1 activity is required is unknown. Investigation of cellular and organismic functions of MAD1 in the simple multicellular organism C. elegans identified functional interactors of MAD1 in both kinetochore-oriented SAC signaling and kinetochore-independent cell cycle regulation. Studying the function of SAC components in C. elegans provides a new molecular insight into the SAC-regulated cell cycle progression in a context of a multicellular organism.
Self‐Managed 5G Networks1 (2021)

Meeting 5G high bandwidth rates, ultra-low latencies, and high reliabilities requires of network infrastructures that automatically increase/decrease the resources based on their customers' demand. An autonomous and dynamic management of a 5G network infrastructure represents a challenge, as any solution must account for the radio access network, data plane traffic, wavelength allocation, network slicing, and network functions' orchestration. Furthermore, federation among administrative domains (ADs) must be considered in the network management. Given the increased dynamicity of 5G networks, artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) solutions are strong candidates able to learn, and take quick provisioning decisions upon fast changes in network conditions. Therefore, this chapter presents an analysis of the state-of-the-art solutions for 5G networks' management, where AI/ML solutions are discussed and compared with traditional methods. Additionally, the chapter provides a technology overview of both standards, and existing solutions regarding the 5G network management, and directions toward the integration of AI/ML in 5G networks.
Fastcat: An Open-Source Library for Composable EtherCAT Control Systems (2021)

Robotic testbeds used for flight and research technology development are highly complicated electromechanical systems demanding large engineering effort to configure and manage safety-critical hardware. The software that interoperates with robotic testbeds needs to be robust yet flexible to accommodate rapidly changing testbed needs and other operational demands in a cost-efficient manner. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) presents a new open-source C++ library called Fastcat for powerful and flexible EtherCAT device configuration for testbed and robotic applications. Fastcat implements a set of C drivers called `Just SOEM Drivers' built on the popular Simple Open EtherCAT Master library for a small, but highly tested set of supported EtherCAT devices. Fastcat offers a rich set of capabilities such as supporting an arbitrary number of EtherCAT Masters, a YAML input configuration file, and a visualization tool `Fcviz' to graph the bus topology using the open-source Graphiz library. Furthermore, a novel feature called `Fastcat Signals' can efficiently route data and commands between devices to compose self-contained closed loop control systems such as heaters or joint-torque controllers with zero added latency. Abstract device types like signal generators, functions, and PID controllers and offline versions of device hardware drivers allow for powerful composability, offline-only testing, and flexible hybrid partial online - offline bus topologies. The Fastcat core library is middleware agnostic, but ROS2 wrappers are developed for ease-of-use. This paper will describe design tradeoffs, an overview of the implementation of these capabilities, and early results from the first JPL Robotic testbed use.
In Cultured Astrocytes, p53 and MDM2 Do Not Alter Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Function Regardless of the Presence of DNA Damage (2007)

A principal molecular mechanism by which cells respond to hypoxia is by activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Several studies describe a binding of p53 to HIF-1alpha in a protein complex, leading to attenuated function, half-life, and abundance of HIF-1alpha. However, these reports almost exclusively utilized transformed cell lines, and many employed transfection of p53 or HIF-1alpha plasmid constructs and/or p53 and HIF-1alpha reporter constructs as surrogates for endogenous protein activity and target expression, respectively. Thus, it remains an open and important question as to whether p53 inhibits HIF-1alpha-mediated transactivation of endogenous HIF-1alpha targets in nontransformed cells. After determining in primary astrocyte cultures the HIF-1alpha targets that were most dependent on HIF-1alpha function, we examined the effect of the loss of p53 function either alone or in combination with MDM2 on expression of these targets. Although p53 null astrocyte cultures resulted in markedly increased HIF-1alpha-dependent target expression compared with controls, this altered expression was determined to be the result of increased cell density of p53 null cultures and the accompanying acidosis, not loss of p53 protein. Although activation of p53 by DNA damage induced p53 target expression in astrocytes, it did not alter hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha target expression. Finally, a combined loss of MDM2 and p53 did not alter HIF-1alpha target expression compared with loss of p53 alone. These data strongly suggest that p53 and MDM2 do not influence the hypoxia-induced transactivation of HIF-1alpha targets, regardless of p53 activation, in primary astrocytes.
Retraction: Nanotube Gels for Bio and Green Applications (2017)

的確な分子設計を施した両親媒性分子の液相中での自己集合によって形成するナノチューブハイドロゲルは，従来のナノファイバーから成る超分子ゲルや高分子ゲルが持ち得ない一次元ナノ空間を有する。一次元ナノ空間の径のサイズ制御や表面構造の機能化により，ゲストに対する包接能や放出能，ナノ空間内の溶媒物性などのチューニングが可能である。本稿では，pH変化や金属イオンとの錯形成を利用したナノチューブハイドロゲルの構築，アミノ酸やタンパク質に対する分子認識に基づく階層化制御やナノ構造体の形態変化を利用したナノチューブハイドロゲル形成について述べる。バイオ分野への応用として，ナノチューブハイドロゲルのタンパク質に対する変性・凝集抑制機能とリフォールディング促進機能について紹介する。また，色素分子を導入した両親媒性分子から成るナノチューブオルガノゲルの創製，グリーン分野への応用としてその光捕集アンテナ特性，高効率エネルギー移動を利用した包接化金属錯体の光触媒活性増強と光分解抑制についても述べる。
Introducing GPRS technology into remote monitoring system for prefabricated substations in China (2005)

By introducing GPRS communication mode, the proposed remote monitoring system for prefabricated substation can realize wireless data transmission not only via GSM network but also via Internet. The main function of the system is to remotely monitor and control the operational status of the substations by mobile monitors and control center. In addition to responding to remote queries of status report from mobile controller or control center, the monitored devices can send alerting messages to remote terminals when abnormality occurs. Engineers with the mobile phones (mobile monitors) will use the real-time data for accurate examining and repairing of the substation. Control centers that are connected to Internet can find fault location faster and decreasing repair and service restoration time by further processing the status data. This paper presents the design of communication system based on GPRS, as well as the hardware architecture and working process of the monitored devices
Statistical structure of turbulent-boundary-layer velocity–vorticity products at high and low Reynolds numbers (2007)

The mean wall-normal gradients of the Reynolds shear stress and the turbulent kinetic energy have direct connections to the transport mechanisms of turbulent-boundary-layer flow. According to the Stokes–Helmholtz decomposition, these gradients can be expressed in terms of velocity–vorticity products. Physical experiments were conducted to explore the statistical properties of some of the relevant velocity–vorticity products. The high-Reynolds-number data ( R θ ≃ O (10 6 ), where θ is the momentum thickness) were acquired in the near neutrally stable atmospheric-surface-layer flow over a salt playa under both smooth- and rough-wall conditions. The low- R θ data were from a database acquired in a large-scale laboratory facility at 1000 &gt; R θ &gt; 5000. Corresponding to a companion study of the Reynolds stresses (Priyadarshana &amp; Klewicki, Phys. Fluids , vol. 16, 2004, p. 4586), comparisons of low- and high- R θ as well as smooth- and rough-wall boundary-layer results were made at the approximate wall-normal locations y p /2 and 2 y p , where y p is the wall-normal location of the peak of the Reynolds shear stress, at each Reynolds number. In this paper, the properties of the v ω z , w ω y and u ω z products are analysed through their statistics and cospectra over a three-decade variation in Reynolds number. Here u , v and w are the fluctuating streamwise, wall-normal and spanwise velocity components and ω y and ω z are the fluctuating wall-normal and spanwise vorticity components. It is observed that v –ω z statistics and spectral behaviours exhibit considerable sensitivity to Reynolds number as well as to wall roughness. More broadly, the correlations between the v and ω fields are seen to arise from a ‘scale selection’ near the peak in the associated vorticity spectra and, in some cases, near the peak in the associated velocity spectra as well.
Integrated photonics for low transverse emittance, ultrafast negative electron affinity GaAs photoemitters (2019)

Photocathodes exhibiting simultaneous high quantum efficiency, low mean transverse energy (MTE), and fast temporal response are critical for next generation electron sources. Currently, caesiated negative electron affinity GaAs photocathodes have demonstrated good overall results [Bell and Spicer, Proc. IEEE 58, 1788 (1970); Pierce et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 670 (1975)]. However, due to the nature of the photoemission process and the details of the Cs surface structure, a tradeoff exists. A low mean transverse energy of ∼25 meV can be obtained by using photons with near bandgap energy, at the cost of an unacceptably high response time, or higher energy photons can be used with a mean transverse energy of ∼60 meV with acceptable response times of 2–5 ps [Karkare et al., J. Appl. Phys. 113, 104904 (2013); Honda et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 086401 (2013); Pastuszka et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2967 (1997)]. Here, it is shown through a calibrated simulation that a thin layer of caesiated GaAs on a waveguide can potentially exhibit photoemission with MTEs ∼30 meV, ultrafast response times of ∼0.2–1 ps, and quantum efficiency of 1%–10%, breaking the traditional tradeoffs associated with bulk negative electron affinity photoemitters.
Observations of compact intracloud lightning discharges in the northernmost region (51°N) of China (2013)

Using a three‐station wideband electric and magnetic field measuring network in conjunction with VHF receivers, we recorded the so‐called compact intracloud discharges (CIDs) in the Greater Khingan Range (51°N) in Northeast China. This type of lightning discharge had never been observed in such high‐latitude regions before. During the summer seasons of 2009 and 2010, a total of 493 CIDs with positive electric field pulses (negative charge moving up) occurring in 31 thunderstorms was recorded, with 87% (27/31) of CID‐producing storms generating less than 20 CIDs. The CID occurrence observed at 51°N appears to differ significantly from that in most lower latitude regions. Specifically, CIDs accounted only for 0.034% of the total of 1.4 million recorded lightning events, and no CIDs with negative electric field pulses (positive charge moving up) were observed. A total of 202 CIDs was located and they clustered at altitudes ranging from 5 to 12 km above ground level (agl), with a median height of 7.9 km agl. The effective ionosphere heights ranged from 75 to 95 km during the time period of 15:00–06:00 (local time). The median maximum heights of the 30 dB Z radar echo for convective cells with CIDs and without CIDs were 10.8 and 9.4 km, respectively. We infer that a relatively small vertical extent of thunderclouds, limited by the height of the tropopause, and a lack of vigorous convective surges in higher‐latitude regions might be responsible for the paucity or absence of CIDs in general and apparent suppression of those with negative electric field pulses in particular.
Synthesis of Nucleosides through Direct Glycosylation of Nucleobases with 5‐ O ‐Monoprotected or 5‐Modified Ribose: Improved Protocol, Scope, and Mechanism (2017)

Simplifying access to synthetic nucleosides is of interest due to their widespread use as biochemical or anticancer and antiviral agents. Herein, a direct stereoselective method to access an expansive range of both natural and synthetic nucleosides up to a gram scale, through direct glycosylation of nucleobases with 5-O-tritylribose and other C5-modified ribose derivatives, is discussed in detail. The reaction proceeds through nucleophilic epoxide ring opening of an in situ formed 1,2-anhydrosugar (termed "anhydrose") under modified Mitsunobu reaction conditions. The scope of the reaction in the synthesis of diverse nucleosides and other 1-substituted riboside derivatives is described. In addition, a mechanistic insight into the formation of this key glycosyl donor intermediate is provided.
Active Demand-Side Management System to Facilitate Integration of RES in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks (2014)

This paper presents a demand-side management system designed for areas with high penetration of renewable energy sources. The system is based on the centralized direct control of electric water heaters (EWHs) with the objective to find the optimal dispatch of the EWHs so that the peak imports and exports of the controlled area are minimized. The EWH dispatch is computed utilizing two-stage optimization: the first stage computes the EWH load distribution on a longer time horizon, whereas the second stage corrects the dispatch in real time based on the instantaneous import or export. In cooperation with a local distribution system operator, a pilot installation of the proposed system has been implemented in a part of the distribution system of the Czech Republic. The simulations of a full participation scenario indicate that the system is capable of significant reduction of the peak imports and exports as well as the reduction of the overall energy transfers from and to the controlled area and associated power losses. The results also show that the proposed load control reduces voltage fluctuations in the controlled area.
A Novel Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with a Periodically Patterned Electrode (2003)

We propose a novel transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) with a periodically patterned electrode on a substrate. By optimizing the pattern size of the electrodes, the retardations which are required in reflective and transmissive modes are periodically achieved by the same voltage. The region with a small retardation is used as reflective mode and the region with a large retardation as transmissive mode. In the proposed transflective LCD, we can expect a very simple manufacturing process and a high optical performance as complex process such as a multi-cell gap process and multi driving method are not applied.
X-Ray Microscopy Analysis of the Morphology of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Vectra Blends Produced by Mechanical Alloying (1998)

Abstract The intimate blending of two incompatible polymeric materials constitutes one of the most important fields of study in polymer science. A vast arsenal of techniques, ranging from copolymerization to melt-blending, has been assembled to mix intrinsically immiscible polymers and optimize the physical properties of the resultant system. For some systems, however, even established techniques cannot produce useable blends. To overcome this limitation, non-equilibrium mechanical alloying (high-energy ball milling of two or more dissimilar powders) has been employed to produce blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and Vectra (73/27 oxybenzoate/oxynaphthoate). Characterization of these blends by TEM is confounded by the absence of a preferential staining agent, in which case Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) provides a valuable alternative in examining the morphology and chemistry of these blends. The x-ray microscope utilizes a diffraction element called a zone plate to focus soft x-rays into a microprobe. A thin section of sample is placed in this microprobe, and the transmitted photon intensity measured.