gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electric detection of immunoglobulin G in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an indium oxide nanoparticle ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (2011)

Semiconducting nanoparticle ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Indium oxide and silica nanoparticles were layer-by-layer self-assembled with the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte as the electrochemical transducer and antibody immobilization site, respectively. The assay was conducted on a novel platform of indium oxide nanoparticle ISFETs, where the electric signals are generated in response to the concentration of target IgG using the labeled detecting antibody. The sandwiched ELISA structure catalyzed the conversion of the acidic substrate into neutral substance with the aid of horseradish peroxidase. The pH change in the substrate solution was detected by nanoparticle ISFETs. Normal rabbit IgG was used as a model antigen whose detection limit of 0.04 ng ml−1 was found. The facile electric detection in the conventional assay through the semiconducting nanoparticle ISFET has potential applications as a point-of-care detection or a sensing element in a lab-on-a-chip system.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Nitridoborates. Part 1. LiMg(BN2) (I) and Ba4(BN2)2O (II) ‐ Compounds with the Anion (N‐B‐N)3‐: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Vibrational Spectra. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retroperitoneal Leydig cell tumor recurrence presenting 14 years after orchiectomy. (2018)

Malignant Leydig cell tumor is a rare entity that has been previously described as rapidly progressive and uniformly fatal. We present the case of a malignant Leydig cell tumor that presented 14 years after orchiectomy with an isolated retroperitoneal metastasis. Our patient underwent a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and has been free of recurrence or progression at 12 months of follow up. Additionally, we describe the symptomatic hormone dysfunction experienced by our patient as a result of his tumor.
Turnover of biliary epithelial cells in Clonorchis sinensis infected rats (1993)

We performed bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining to observe the proliferation pattern of epithelial cells on the biliary mucosa in Clonorchis sinensis infection. Albino rats were infected with 100 metacercariae each and their livers were processed for histopathological observation after BrdU injection. Five to six sites in the liver of a rat were selected for paraffin section, and stained immunohistochemically to visualize BrdU incorporating cells. The flukes were mainly in the common bile duct and right or left hepatic bile ducts. The proportion of stained epithelial cells in the infected bile ducts where the worms were found on the section was 2.9-10.2% at 1 week after infection, 7.3-12.8% at 2 weeks, 7.3-13.4% at 5 weeks, and 8.4-14.8% at 15 weeks while in the non-infected ducts 0 to 2.7% cells were stained. The stained cells were mainly at the base of the mucosal layer. It is suggested that mucosal epithelial cells of the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis become hyperplastic mainly by direct and local stimulation of the worms.
Dual Mode Vehicle and Infrastructure Alternatives Analysis (2008)

The United States has a transportation challenge that requires addressing four issues simultaneously: traffic congestion, environmental pollution, safety, and energy security. A potential solution to these transportation challenges is the concept of an electrified guideway infrastructure providing energy in real time to automated vehicles. This project surveyed existing electrified advanced transportation concepts and selected five systems for evaluation of their technology readiness. None of the systems evaluated were judged ready for commercialization, but potential benefits of the technology warrant further development. Stakeholder interviews and a survey of collaboration mechanisms identified organizational and research paths that would enable accelerated development of a system capable of handling personal vehicles, public transit, and driverless freight movement on a common 21st century infrastructure.
Multiscale Tikhonov-Total Variation Image Restoration Using Spatially Varying Edge Coherence Exponent (2015)

Edge preserving regularization using partial differential equation (PDE)-based methods although extensively studied and widely used for image restoration, still have limitations in adapting to local structures. We propose a spatially adaptive multiscale variable exponent-based anisotropic variational PDE method that overcomes current shortcomings, such as over smoothing and staircasing artifacts, while still retaining and enhancing edge structures across scale. Our innovative model automatically balances between Tikhonov and total variation (TV) regularization effects using scene content information by incorporating a spatially varying edge coherence exponent map constructed using the eigenvalues of the filtered structure tensor. The multiscale exponent model we develop leads to a novel restoration method that preserves edges better and provides selective denoising without generating artifacts for both additive and multiplicative noise models. Mathematical analysis of our proposed method in variable exponent space establishes the existence of a minimizer and its properties. The discretization method we use satisfies the maximum-minimum principle which guarantees that artificial edge regions are not created. Extensive experimental results using synthetic, and natural images indicate that the proposed multiscale Tikhonov-TV (MTTV) and dynamical MTTV methods perform better than many contemporary denoising algorithms in terms of several metrics, including signal-to-noise ratio improvement and structure preservation. Promising extensions to handle multiplicative noise models and multichannel imagery are also discussed.
Annular Pressure Build Up (APB) Analysis-Optimization of Fluid Rheology (2014)

Abstract Annular pressure build up (APB) is an important problem in the area of well design. Different solutions have been proposed to mitigate APB, including vacuum-insulated tubing, silicate foam wellbore insulation techniques, and insulating with completion (packer) fluids. However, proposed solutions that include the optimization of annular fluid rheology of drilling fluids trapped in the outer annuli need further investigation. Convective and conductive heat transfer through fluids placed between the casing strings is a driving force for increasing annular pressure. This study explains how to design and optimize the rheological and thermal properties of drilling fluid to provide a sustainable and reliable insulating performance. The objectives of this study are 1) to develop a better insight of APB in the annulus of casing and 2) to experimentally measure and 3) analytically model the effect of different parameters, such as rheological and thermal properties, on the insulating performance of drilling fluid trapped in annular spaces. By combining the theory of sedimentation and the model proposed for free convective heat transfer of Yield Power Law fluids, a stepwise guideline is proposed to estimate the Nusselt number and thermal conductivity coefficient of annular fluids. A computer code to perform this procedure has been developed. Additionally, a unique experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to investigate the insulating performance of drilling fluids. Experimental observation and model results indicate that compressive yield stress, density difference between the solid and liquid phases of a drilling fluid, solid particle size and annular space geometry, are four important factors that determine sedimentation rate. These criteria can be used to characterize YPL annular fluid properties to minimize sedimentation rate and consequently to reduce free convective flow. The magnitude of the convective heat transfer coefficient is affected by the shear yield stress and density of annular fluid, by the flow behavior index (m), consistency index (k), conductivity coefficient and specific heat of the YPL fluid, and by annular space clearance. This conclusion can be used to quantitatively analyze the reliability and sustainability of the insulating performance of drilling fluids. The sedimentation profile, shear yield stress distribution and effective conductivity coefficient profile as functions of time and depth, as well as the Nusselt number, Nu, as a function of temperature difference in the radial direction can be estimated by the introduced guideline. The most important achievement is that the developed guideline can be used as a design tool in offshore drilling and completion operations to mitigate APB. A practical benefit of this study is demonstrated by the application of its findings in an illustrative example.
Packaging of Surface Micromachined Thin Film Thermocouples (TFT): Comparison of the Resistance Arc Microwelding Technique With Wire Bonding (2009)

In this paper, we report the packaging of thin film thermocouples (TFT) using resistance arc welding technique. Parallel gap welding and spot welding have been reported in the literature for attaching thin wires to metal thin films. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time resistance arc welding has been reported as a packaging technique for microfabricated devices. A brief description of the microfabrication process and chemical analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the vapor deposited alloy constituents for the TFT are reported in this study. K-type (chromel and alumel) thermocouple wires were used as targets for physical vapor deposition of the component layers of the TFT. The calibration of the TFT using high-speed data acquisition is reported. The calibration curves of TFT packaged using ultrasonic wire bonding of Al wires are compared with TFT packaged using resistance arc welding of K-type thermocouple wires. TFT packaged using resistance arc welding is found to have better temperature response under steady-state conditions.
An essential non-Watson-Crick base pair motif in 3'UTR to mediate selenoprotein translation. (1998)

The SECIS element is an RNA hairpin in the 3'UTR of selenoprotein mRNAs required for decoding UGA selenocysteine codons. Our experimentally derived 2D structure model for the SECIS RNA revealed the conservation of four consecutive non-Watson-Crick base pairs, with a central G.A/A.G tandem. The present study was dedicated to gaining insight into the role of this quartet of base pairs. The effects of mutations introduced into the SECIS quartet of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) cDNA, an enzyme with selenocysteine in its active center, were reported in vivo by the GPx activity. The detrimental consequence of an all-Watson-Crick mutant quartet disclosed the paramount importance of the non-Watson-Crick base pairs for GPx activity. Next, structure probing established that base pair changes in the central G.A/A.G tandem, predicted by the model to be structurally unfavorable, effectively led to local opening of the helix at the quartet. A concomitant abolition of GPx activity was observed, arising from translational impairment of full-length GPx. In contrast, an isosteric base pair replacement in the tandem did not affect base pairing in the quartet, leading to an almost wt GPx activity. Collectively, the data provided conclusive evidence for the functional relevance of these non-Watson-Crick base pairs in vivo, thus identifying a noncanonical RNA motif crucial to SECIS function in mediating selenoprotein translation. Within the quartet, the prominent requirement for the central G.A/A.G tandem is highlighted, our previous structural model and the mutagenesis data presented here strongly arguing in favor of a sheared arrangement for the G.A base pairs. The SECIS RNA is therefore another member to be added to the growing list of RNAs containing building blocks of non-Watson-Crick base pairs, required for structure and/or function.
Preparation and Characterization of Propylthiouracil Niosomes (2006)

Propylthiouracil, a lyophobic drug with an antiproliferative activity, was formulated into niosomes using various classes of nonionic surfactants. Feasibility of vesicle formation by the sonication method was evaluated. Size and size distribution was measured by laser diffraction. Entrapment and drug release over 24 h were monitored by UV spectrophotometric method at 275 nm. The results revealed that niosomes readily formed from various compositions of nonionic surfactant and cholesterol, with or without a stabilizer. Entrapment of PTU in niosomes depended on bilayer composition. The release of PTU from all niosomal formulations studied was retarded and followed the first-order kinetics. Degree of slow release had a negative correlation with drug entrapment. The release rate also depended on the physical state of the bilayer. The results of this study indicate that PTU niosomes were able to control the release of PTU and might be of value to develop further into topical formulations.
Discovering Software Process Deviations Using Visualizations (2017)

Modern software development is supported by a rich set of tools that accumulate data from the software process automatically. That data can be used for understanding and improving software processes without any manual data collection. In this paper we introduce an industrial case where data visualization of issue management system was used to investigate software projects. The results of the study show that visualization of issue management system data can really reveal deviations between planned process and executed process.
Normal Vaterian sphincter complex: evaluation of morphology and contractility with dynamic single-shot MR cholangiopancreatography. (1998)

Nonvisualization of the most distal portion of the common bile duct on MR cholangiopancreatography studies is a normal variant that can simulate disease. Obtaining serial breath-hold images using a single-shot technique is helpful to avoid diagnostic errors.
Joint optimization of communication rates and linear systems (2003)

We consider a linear control system in which several signals are transmitted over communication channels with bit rate limitations. With the coding and medium access schemes of the communication system fixed, the achievable bit rates are determined by the allocation of communications resources such as transmit powers and bandwidths, to different communication channels. We model the effect of bit rate limited communication channels by uniform quantization and the quantization errors are modeled by additive white noises whose variances depend on the achievable bit rates. We optimize the stationary performance of the linear system by jointly allocating resources in the communication system and tuning parameters of the controller.
Concatenated Catalytic Asymmetric Allene Diboration/Allylation/Functionalization (2005)

[reaction: see text] Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective diboration of prochiral allenes generates a reactive chiral allylboron intermediate which is a versatile reagent for the allylation of carbonyls. Experiments that improve the enantioselectivity of this process, examine the substrate scope, and are directed toward functionalization of the allylation intermediate are described.
A high-performance Li-ion anode from direct deposition of Si nanoparticles (2017)

Nanostructured silicon has been intensively investigated as a high capacity Li-ion battery anode. However, the commercial introduction still requires advances in the scalable synthesis of sophisticated Si nanomaterials and electrodes. Moreover, the electrode degradation due to volume changes upon de-/lithiation, low areal electrode capacity, and application of large amounts of advanced conductive additives are some of the challenging aspects. Here we report a Si electrode, prepared from direct deposition of Si nanoparticles on a current collector without any binder or conducting additives, that addresses all of the above issues. It exhibits an excellent cycling stability and a high capacity retention taking advantages of what appears to be a locally protective, yolk-shell reminiscent, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Cycling an electrode with a Si nanoparticle loading of 2.2 mg cm−2 achieved an unrivalled areal capacity retention, specifically, up to 4.2 mAh cm−2 and ~ 1.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.8 mA cm−2 and 1.6 mA cm−2, respectively.
Metro WDM network with photonic domains (2004)

We introduce the concept of photonic domains and apply it to metro WDM ring networks. Wavelengths are reused in different domains. OUPSR and shared protections can be implemented.
Breakdown products of fibrin and fibrinogen: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications (1980)

a number of common features. Fig. The conservation of both the NH2-terminal amino-acids1617 of the Ao-chains suggests that the initial lysis of the Aa-chain takes place at their carboxy ends. Peptides of about 40 000 molecular weight are released rather rapidly, leaving the NH2-terminal remnant of the Ao-chain disulphide bonded to intact BP and y chains. The next reaction involves the removal of peptides 10 copyright.
ANTIPYRINE CLEARANCE IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (1986)

Antipyrine (AP) metabolism was studied in four adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and in four (adult) patients with CAH due to non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. This investigation was prompted by the known biochemical and functional similarities between drug- and steroid-metabolizing enzymes. We hypothesized that a common genetic mechanism may regulate the expression and activity of both the adrenal and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. AP half-lives (T1/2, mean +/- SD) were 10.7 +/- 2.1 h in classical CAH patients, 10.1 +/- 0.4 h in the nonclassical CAH patients and 10.9 +/- 2.2 h in the control group, suggesting that there was no significant difference in AP metabolism among the three groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the AP apparent volume of distribution (aVd) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) among the three groups. These results indicate that despite the deficiency of adrenal cytochrome P450 in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH, these individuals have normal hepatic drug metabolizing activity for the biotransformation of AP.
Microelemental Analysis Rice Grains using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopic Technique (2012)

A non invasive Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique was applied for determination of trace elements presents in some varieties of rice (oryza sativa) main staple food of western Maharashtra region from different field region was demonstrated. The research work presented here includes trace element analysis of some varieties of rice. Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Ti, Si and Zn were determined without any form of any chemical pre-treatment. It has been apparent in recent updates that a newer set of problems is emerging due to the trace elements relating to the use of food grains and eatables and causing the health hazards to human life. The effect of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides on the elemental concentration of rice in particular in this work was also investigated by this technique. The EDXRF analysis gives out a ready reference for elemental concentration ion cereal rice and is of immense importance in everyday life. Keywods: Microelements, cereal rice, EDXRF, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc.
Autonomous scanning probe microscopy investigations over WS2 and Au{111} (2022)

Abstract Individual atomic defects in 2D materials impact their macroscopic functionality. Correlating the interplay is challenging, however, intelligent hyperspectral scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) mapping provides a feasible solution to this technically difficult and time consuming problem. Here, dense spectroscopic volume is collected autonomously via Gaussian process regression, where convolutional neural networks are used in tandem for spectral identification. Acquired data enable defect segmentation, and a workflow is provided for machine-driven decision making during experimentation with capability for user customization. We provide a means towards autonomous experimentation for the benefit of both enhanced reproducibility and user-accessibility. Hyperspectral investigations on WS 2 sulfur vacancy sites are explored, which is combined with local density of states confirmation on the Au{111} herringbone reconstruction. Chalcogen vacancies, pristine WS 2 , Au face-centered cubic, and Au hexagonal close-packed regions are examined and detected by machine learning methods to demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence for hyperspectral STS mapping.
Comparison of two methods for summarizing hydraulic conductivities of a layered soil (1988)

Hydraulic conductivity data are frequently summarized using mathematical functions that quantify the relationship between water content (θ) and hydraulic conductivity ( K (θ)). This study was done to determine the effects of the choice of the K (θ) function and to determine if field data from layered profiles could be summarized using only one parameter per depth. Three K (θ) functions together with a matching factor were fitted to hydraulic conductivity data from a field plot. The functions were K m (θ/θ m ) 1/β , K m [(θ m −θ c )/(θ−θ c )] 1/ n ,and K m exp {α(θ−θ m )}, where α, β, n , K m , θ c , and θ m , are parameters to be estimated. For each function, two methods were considered. Method 1 fitted a different value to α, β, n , and K m for each depth while maintaining θ c at a fixed value. All hydraulic conductivity functions fit data from a Muir silt loam equally well, as evidenced by the coefficient of linearity ( r 2 ) values greater than 0.72, mean square error (MSE) values less than 0.97, and coefficient of variation ( CV ) values less than 50%. The fitting was accomplished using ln { K } as the dependent variable. Method 2 fitted values by depth only to K m , and all other parameters were held constant. The hydraulic conductivity functions performed equally well, with r 2 values greater than 0.60, MSE values less than 1.2, and CV values of 50% or less. When some loss of precision can be tolerated, the number of parameters required to summarize data from a layered soil can be reduced.
Dispersive contributions to the linear dichroism of chromophores oriented by association to biopolymers or in anisotropic solvents: Associate induced linear dichroism (AILD) (1982)

Anisotropic chromophores (A) oriented in anisotropic media such as liquid crystals or stretched films, or by association with flow oriented biopolymers (e.g., DNA) will, in addition to their intrinsic orientation linear dichroism (LD) exhibit a component of LD characteristic of the dispersive coupling to the electronic states of the orienting agent (B). We may refer to this dispersive component as associate induced linear dichroism (AILD) to distinguish it from the corresponding component for dissociated A-B systems (DILD). The form of the AILD component is investigated using perturbation theory, and it is shown to be both strong and long range, falling off with the inverse cube power of the A-B separation.