gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glomerular function and morphology after renal mass reduction in dogs. (1987)

To determine whether the proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, and decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) described in rodents after renal mass reduction develop in another species, 24-hour proteinuria, glomerular structure, and fasting and postfeeding GFR were examined in dogs subjected to seven-eighths reduction in renal mass. All dogs were fed a diet containing 26% protein. Six dogs with a GFR less than 10 ml/min (8% to 17% of control two-kidney GFR) were killed within 6 months after renal mass reduction. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was modestly although definitely increased (236 +/- 26 mg/24 hr, P less than 0.01). All remnant kidneys demonstrated structural changes of mesangial hyperplasia or focal glomerular sclerosis. Ten dogs with a remnant kidney and early GFRs 16% to 39% of control values were followed for 18 to 39 months. In seven dogs, GFR showed little tendency to decrease with time. In one of them, proteinuria was 106 mg/24 hr with normal-appearing glomeruli at 14 months. In three dogs, proteinuria was progressive, averaging about 1 gm/24 hr at 18 months and 2 gm/24 hr at 24 to 34 months; glomerular pathologic findings progressed from focal mesangial hyperplasia or focal glomerular sclerosis at 8 to 16 months to focal and segmental sclerosis or diffuse glomerular obsolescence at 25 to 34 months; and fasting GFR progressively declined starting at 21 to 24 months after renal mass reduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and characterization of an extremely thermostable β‐glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (1993)

Cell-free extracts of cellobiose-grown cells of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus contain very high activities (19.8 U/mg) of a beta-glucosidase. The cytoplasmic enzyme was purified 22-fold to apparent homogeneity, indicating that the enzyme comprises nearly 5% of the total cell protein. The native beta-glucosidase has a molecular mass of 230 +/- 20 kDa, composed of 58 +/- 2-kDa subunits. The enzyme has a pI of 4.40. Thiol groups are not essential for activity, nor is the enzyme dependent on divalent cations or a high ionic strength. The enzyme shows optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 102-105 degrees C. From Lineweaver-Burk plots, Vmax values of 470 U/mg and 700 U/mg were found for cellobiose (Km = 20 mM) and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Km = 0.15 mM), respectively. The purified enzyme also exhibits high beta-galactosidase activity and beta-xylosidase activity, but shows no activity towards alpha-linked disaccharides or beta-linked polymers, like cellulose. The purified beta-glucosidase shows a remarkable thermostability with a half life of 85 h at 100 degrees C and 13 h at 110 degrees C.
Fluoride Ion Initiated Reactions of Perfluoro α-Olefins. I. Reaction of the Pentafluoroethyl Carbanion with Tetrafluoroethylene (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoride Ion Initiated Reactions of Perfluoro α-Olefins. I. Reaction of the Pentafluoroethyl Carbanion with TetrafluoroethyleneDonald P. GrahamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 3, 955–957Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01341a505https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01341a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Multimedia Streaming between Heterogeneous Users using D2D and Dynamic Wi-Fi Configuration (2018)

The rapid growth of technology has lead to an exponential increase in the number of high-end smart phone users. This accounts for an explosion in mobile data traffic, especially, video traffic. To deal with this, device to device (D2D) communication is an effective approach to ensure an improved quality of service (QoS). In this context, this paper proposes a framework for adaptive multimedia streaming between heterogeneous users using D2D (Wi-Fi Direct) and dynamic Wi-Fi configuration. Experimental study has been conducted to analyze the QoS performance of adaptive multimedia streaming between heterogeneous users over Wi-Fi Direct and dynamic Wi-Fi configuration. Dynamic network configuration and quality selection algorithms have been proposed based on experimental data. Experimental study shows the impact of different quality levels onto end-to-end delay and packet re-transmission rate. The results validate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of a considerable decrease in end-to-end transmission delay and packet re-transmission rate.
Inhibition of Inflammatory Pain by Activating B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Signal Pathway in Nociceptive Sensory Neurons (2010)

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been known to be secreted from cardiac myocytes and activate its receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), to reduce ventricular fibrosis. However, the function of BNP/NPR-A pathway in the somatic sensory system has been unknown. In the present study, we report a novel function of BNP in pain modulation. Using microarray and immunoblot analyses, we found that BNP and NPR-A were expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats and upregulated after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Immunohistochemistry showed that BNP was expressed in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing small neurons and IB4 (isolectin B4)-positive neurons, whereas NPR-A was present in CGRP-containing neurons. Application of BNP reduced the firing frequency of small DRG neurons in the presence of glutamate through opening large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa channels). Furthermore, intrathecal injection of BNP yielded inhibitory effects on formalin-induced flinching behavior and CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Blockade of BNP signaling by BNP antibodies or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor KT5823 [(9S,10R,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester] impaired the recovery from CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Thus, BNP negatively regulates nociceptive transmission through presynaptic receptor NPR-A, and activation of the BNP/NPR-A/PKG/BKCa channel pathway in nociceptive afferent neurons could be a potential strategy for inflammatory pain therapy.
Investigation of an Alternative Geometry Hybrid Rocket for Small Spacecraft Orbit Transfer (2001)

The following testing was carried out in support of the Surrey Space Centre (SSC) Alternative Geometry Hybrid Rocket research and development program. Although VFP testing was conducted in a low cost environment, the research program collected a wealth of valuable data with regard to this all-new hybrid rocket engine. The combustion efficiency is outstanding within the VFP. The scalability test has demonstrated that the VFP indeed scales well, providing high performance over the regimes tested as well as reliable, predictable, fuel liberation based upon the engine radius. The chamber pressure mapping did not reveal any pressure gradient across the diameter of the VFP rocket engine over the regimes tested. Flight propellant testing was promising in a number of areas. The VFP has demonstrated the ability to operate smoothly for long durations (up to 45 seconds tested), and return to within 1.5% of operational values upon relight (pulsed operations). It is likely that the engine may be burned near completion without the fear of solid fuel slivers blocking the rocket nozzle. The VFP test campaign provides solid evidence that the VFP is superior to conventional hybrid design in almost every respect and holds great promise for small spacecraft applications.
Microfluidic label-free bioprocessing of human reticulocytes from erythroid culture (2020)

In vitro erythroid cultures from human hematopoietic stem cells produce immature red blood cells (RBCs) called reticulocytes, which are important for RBCs production, and are widely used in scientific studies of malaria pathology, hematological diseases and protein translation. However, in vitro reticulocyte cultures contain expelled cell nuclei and erythroblasts as undesirable by-products and current purification methods such as density gradient centrifugation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) are not optimal for integrated bioprocessing and downstream therapeutic applications. Developments in Dean flow fractionation (DFF) and deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic sorting methods are ideal alternatives due to label-free size sorting, throughput scalability and low manufacturing cost. DFF sorting of reticulocytes from whole erythroid culture showed a 2.4-fold increase in cell recovery compared to FACS albeit with a lower purity; DLD sorting showed comparable cell recovery and purity with FACS using an inverse-L pillar structure to emphasize size and deformability sorting of reticulocytes. The viability and functional assurance of purified reticulocytes showed conserved cell deformability and supported the propagation of malaria parasites. Collectively, our study on label-free RBCs isolation represents a significant technical advancement towards developing in vitro generated viable human RBCs, opening opportunities for close-loop cell manufacturing, downstream therapeutic and research purposes.
Computational models for proton transfer in biological systems (1990)

Abstract A computational scheme based on a “mixed basis set” approach is applied to the study of the structure and the energetics in proton transfer systems. Five hydrogen‐bonded systems of the type (CH 3 H n A ‥ H ‥ BH m CH 3 ) + , where A and B can be N, O, or S, have been investigated with various minimal and extended basis sets. Calculations with the extended basis set yield double‐well potential energy curves, which the minimal basis set is unable to reproduce. Calculations with the mixed basis set, constructed from an extended basis set on the atoms engaged in the hydrogen transfer part and a minimal basis set on the rest of the molecule, give predictions of geometries, potential energy curves, and relative energies similar to the results from the extended basis set. Inclusion of polarization functions in the mixed basis set becomes essential in systems that contain third row atoms. This scheme should become useful in studies of large molecules in which different parts can be represented at different levels of computational complexity.
A Study of the General Public’s Perceptions and Opinions of Lake and Aquatic Plant Management in Minnesota (2005)

This study examined public attitudes about Minnesota lakes and their management. Specifically,&#13;\nthis research examined peoples’ attitudes about the value and importance of Minnesota lakes,&#13;\nperceptions of lake health and aquatic plants, attitudes about lake and aquatic plant management,&#13;\nand public use of lakes for recreation.&#13;\nData were gathered through a mail survey, which was distributed to 2,300 Minnesota residents.&#13;\nWe received 1,057 completed surveys for a 48% response rate.
Macrocycle-promoted oxygenation reactions: equatorial and axial ligand effects (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocycle-promoted oxygenation reactions: equatorial and axial ligand effectsGeorge McLendon and Michael MasonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 2, 362–365Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50180a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50180a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers for lightwave communications systems (1991)

Future lightwave communications systems are envisioned where the optical waves are treated like present-day radio waves, allowing angle modulation, heterodyne detection, and many multiple channels through frequency multiplexing. One essential device for such systems is the analog of the crystal oscillator to provide an absolute frequency reference in the optical domain. A simple and practical approach to obtain these devices wall be the use of frequency-stabilized semiconductor lasers. To ensure long- term stability, atomic or molecular absorption lines can be used as external frequency references. However, most previous work on absolute stabilization of semiconductor lasers has been done in the 0.8-μm region.1 In the 1.3- and 1.5-μm regions,2-4 where conventional silica-based optical fibers show low dispersion and low loss, experiments using the generally more complex and faint molecular spectra have required long absorption cells due to low absorption coefficients. Because of the lack of any useful atomic transitions originating in the ground state, the optogalvanic effect using the excited-state transition has been used to stabilize the frequency of semiconductor lasers at 1.3- and 1.5-μm.5,6 The technique using the optogalvanic effect is of particular interest because of its simplicity, compactness, high ratio of signal strength to laser power, and wide choice of reference lines within the telecommunication window. Table 1 summarizes many atomic transitions available in 1.3- and 1.5-μm regions. (Optogalvanic responses of these transitions have been surveyed experimentally.7) These lines can be excellent frequency references because noble gases are relatively unsusceptible to external perturbations. In addition, the signals are strong and well separated, thus facilitating their use in lightwave communications systems.
Bench-scale studies to identify process parameters controlling reburning with pulverized coal. Final report, January 1980-December 1983 (1989)

This report addresses the evaluation of a technology which is a combination of two technologies used to control the atmospheric emission of NOx by stationary sources: combustion modification, which controls flame temperature and maximizes fuel-rich residence time to minimize NOx formation and flue-gas cleaning, which uses a reducing agent with or without a catalyst to remove NOx from combustion products. The combined technology uses fuel as a reducing agent to remove NOx. The process, referred to as in-furnace NOx reduction, reburning, and staged fuel injection, can be applied to many types of combustion systems. In fact, reburning is the process which allows the 'in-furnace NOx reduction' to take place. Reburning involves two processes: NO reduction, in which reburning fuel is added to the combustion products of the main combustion zone, which operates fuel lean, to produce a fuel-rich mixture, products of which are referred to as total fixed nitrogen, and TFN oxidation, in which air is added to produce overall fuel-lean conditions, with the NH/sub 3/, HCN, NO, and char nitrogen converted to either N/sub 2/ or NO and fuel oxidation completed.
Temperature Sensing and In Vivo Imaging by Molybdenum Sensitized Visible Upconversion Luminescence of Rare‐Earth Oxides (2012)

A novel high excited state energy transfer pathway to overcome the phonon quenching effect in rare-earth (RE) oxide upconversion (UC) materials is reported. In Er(Tm)-Yb oxide systems, an extraordinary enhancement of UC luminescence efficiency with four orders of magnitude is realized by Mo co-doping. The RE oxides with significant UC efficiency are successfully utilized for temperature sensing and in vivo imaging.
Least-squares fitting of an aspheric surface by a sphere, conoid, or toroid (1988)

Spherical fits to an aspheric surface provide a measure of the raw asphericity, give an easily generated starting point for its fabrication, and show the amount of aberration to be expected in a center of curvature test. Conoidal fits have similar uses. We have previously shown that a conoidal fit can be substantially closer than a spherical fit. We extend our methods to include fits to sections without any symmetry, even though the base surface has plane or greater symmetry. The fitting process in the conoidal case takes on many of the characteristics of a lens design optimization problem. Although it is not as complex as the typical lens design, it is difficult because the solution has to be obtained completely automatically in a reliable and reasonably efficient manner for many different kinds of surface. We describe the various techniques used to accomplish this and give examples of some actual fits so obtained.
Cytokine involvement in the liver (1994)

An ever-enlarging portion of hepatology research falls under the rubric of molecular biology. Thus, an attempt to summarize all molecular biology studies of liver disease in the past year is less than satisfying. One topic of particular significance relevant to molecular biology during the past year is the study of cytokines. Examples of these studies include: 1) the use of transgenic mouse models and other methodologies to study the effects of growth factors, especially transforming growth factor-α in liver regeneration and oncogenesis, 2) progress in studying the interactions between nonparenchymal cells and growth factors in liver processes, and 3) elucidation of the roles transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor play in hepatic fibrogenesis.
Immunocytochemical localization of metabotropic (mGluR2/3 and mGluR4a) and ionotropic (GluR2/3) glutamate receptors in adrenal medullary ganglion cells. (2006)

The localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors of groups II (mGluR2/3) and III (mGluR4a) and the subunits 2 and 3 of alfa-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluR2/3) was investigated with immunocytochemical methods in the rat adrenal gland. MGluR2/3, mGluR4a and GluR2/3 immunoreactivities were observed in large-sized, centrally located type I adrenal medullary ganglion neurons. Furthermore, the small-sized type II adrenal ganglion neurons identified by their immunoreactivity to brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS), also expressed mGluR2/3, mGluR4a and GluR2/3. These cells were disposed in the peripheral portion of the adrenal medulla. None of the type I neurons were positively labeled for bNOS. These morphological observations suggest that activation of glutamate receptors in ganglion neurons may be instrumental in the control of adrenal endocrine systems as well as blood regulation.
Protective Effect of Sanguinarine on Ultraviolet B‐mediated Damages in SKH‐1 Hairless Mouse Skin: Implications for Prevention of Skin Cancer (2007)

Excessive exposure of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB component (280-320 nm), to human skin is the major cause of skin cancers. UV exposure also leads to the development of precancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis and elicits a variety of other adverse effects such as sunburn, inflammation, hyperplasia, immunosuppression and skin aging. Therefore, there is a need to intensify our efforts towards the development of novel mechanism-based approaches/agents for the protection of UVB-mediated damages. Chemoprevention is being investigated as a potential approach for the management of UV damages including skin cancer. We have earlier shown that sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, inhibits UVB exposure-mediated damages in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this study, to determine the relevance of our in vitro findings to in vivo situations, we assessed the effects of sanguinarine on UVB-mediated damages in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our data demonstrated that a topical application of sanguinarine (5 micromol 0.3 mL(-1) ethanol per mouse), either as a pretreatment (30 min prior to UVB) or posttreatment (5 min after UVB), resulted in a significant decrease in UVB-mediated increases in skin edema, skin hyperplasia and infiltration of leukocytes. Further, sanguinarine treatments (pre and post) also resulted in a significant decrease in UVB mediated (1) generation of H2O2 and (2) increases in the protein levels of markers of tumor promotion/proliferation viz. ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Kiel antigen-67. Based on this data, we suggest that sanguinarine could be developed as an agent for the management of conditions elicited by UV exposure including skin cancer. However, further detailed studies are needed to support this suggestion.
Recurrence Relations for Moments of Order Statistics from the Lindley Distribution with General Multiply Type-II Censored Sample (2014)

In this paper, we derive the recurrence relations for the moments of function of single and two order statistics from Lindley distribution. We also consider the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the parameter of the distribution based on multiply type-II censoring. However maximum likelihood estimator does not have an explicit form for the involved parameter. In order to compute the MLE of the parameter, Monte Carlo simulation is used. A comparative study is presented between classical MLE and MLE from multiply type-II censored sample.
SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIOACTIVE BOMB DEBRIS IN WATER AND EVALUATION OF SELECTED DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES (1959)

Radioactive debris resulting from a normal nuclear detonation is only sparingly soluble in water in the pH range of natural surface waters. Where effective clarification procedures are used, only the dissolved radioactive contaminants will be of importance to those charged with responsibility for the safety of potable water systems. To accomplish complete decontamination, normal water-treating (clarification) processes must be supplemented by distillation, ion exchange, or other processes which remove essentially all dissolved solids from water. (auth)