gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FalseColor-Python: a rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package for fluorescence-based slide-free digital pathology (2020)

Abstract Slide-free digital pathology techniques, including nondestructive 3D microscopy, are gaining interest as alternatives to traditional slide-based histology. In order to facilitate clinical adoption of these fluorescence-based techniques, software methods have been developed to convert grayscale fluorescence images into color images that mimic the appearance of standard absorptive chromogens such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E). However, these false-coloring algorithms often require manual and iterative adjustment of parameters, with results that can be inconsistent in the presence of intensity nonuniformities within an image and/or between specimens (intra- and inter-specimen variability). Here, we present an open-source (Python-based) rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package that is specifically designed to render two-channel fluorescence images (i.e. a fluorescent analog of H&amp;E) to the traditional H&amp;E color space for 2D and 3D microscopy datasets. However, this method can be easily tailored for other false-coloring needs. Our package offers (1) automated and uniform false coloring in spite of uneven staining within a large thick specimen, (2) consistent color-space representations that are robust to variations in staining and imaging conditions between different specimens, and (3) GPU-accelerated data processing to allow these methods to scale to large datasets. We demonstrate this platform by generating H&amp;E-like images from cleared tissues that are fluorescently imaged in 3D with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy, and quantitatively characterizing the results in comparison to traditional slide-based H&amp;E histology.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products (2019)

In order to supplement manufacturers' information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
The T3SS Effector EspT Defines a New Category of Invasive Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Which Form Intracellular Actin Pedestals (2009)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are defined as extracellular pathogens which nucleate actin rich pedestal-like membrane extensions on intestinal enterocytes to which they intimately adhere. EPEC infection is mediated by type III secretion system effectors, which modulate host cell signaling. Recently we have shown that the WxxxE effector EspT activates Rac1 and Cdc42 leading to formation of membrane ruffles and lamellipodia. Here we report that EspT-induced membrane ruffles facilitate EPEC invasion into non-phagocytic cells in a process involving Rac1 and Wave2. Internalized EPEC resides within a vacuole and Tir is localized to the vacuolar membrane, resulting in actin polymerization and formation of intracellular pedestals. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a pathogen has been shown to induce formation of actin comets across a vacuole membrane. Moreover, our data breaks the dogma of EPEC as an extracellular pathogen and defines a new category of invasive EPEC.
Evaluation and selection of candidate high-level waste forms (1982)

Seven candidate waste forms being developed under the direction of the Department of Energy's National High-Level Waste (HLW) Technology Program, were evaluated as potential media for the immobilization and geologic disposal of high-level nuclear wastes. The evaluation combined preliminary waste form evaluations conducted at DOE defense waste-sites and independent laboratories, peer review assessments, a product performance evaluation, and a processability analysis. Based on the combined results of these four inputs, two of the seven forms, borosilicate glass and a titanate based ceramic, SYNROC, were selected as the reference and alternative forms for continued development and evaluation in the National HLW Program. Both the glass and ceramic forms are viable candidates for use at each of the DOE defense waste-sites; they are also potential candidates for immobilization of commercial reprocessing wastes. This report describes the waste form screening process, and discusses each of the four major inputs considered in the selection of the two forms.
Supercritical Fluid Deposition of Bismuth Titanate for Embedded FeRAM Applications (2012)

Abstract not Available.
STRAIGHT: Realizing a Lightweight Large Instruction Window by Using Eventually Consistent Distributed Registers (2012)

As the number of cores as well as the network size in a processor chip increases, the performance of each core is more critical for the improvement of the total chip performance. However, to improve the total chip performance, the performance per power or per unit area must be improved, making it difficult to adopt a conventional approach of super scalar extension. In this paper, we explore a new core structure that is suitable for many core processors. We revisit prior studies of new instruction level (ILP) and thread-level parallelism (TLP) architectures and propose our novel STRAIGHT processor architecture. By introducing the scheme of distributed key-value-store to the register file of clustered micro architectures, STRAIGHT directly executes the operation with large logical registers, which are written only once. By discussing the processor structure, micro architecture, and code model, we show that STRAIGHT realizes both large instruction window and lightweight rapid execution, while suppressing the hardware and energy cost. Preliminary estimation results are promising, and show that STRAIGHT improves the single thread performance by about 30%, which is the geometric mean of the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark suite, without significantly increasing the power and area budget.
Synthetic Hypotensive Agents. II. Some Hexamethylene-1,6-bis-t-amines and Bis-quaternary Salts as Ganglionic Blocking Agents (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Hypotensive Agents. II. Some Hexamethylene-1,6-bis-t-amines and Bis-quaternary Salts as Ganglionic Blocking AgentsArthur P. PhillipsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1693–1695Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rezidivierende SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen bei Immundefizienz (2022)

A patient with immunodeficiency due to a B-cell lymphoma has repeatedly been tested positive for SARS-CoV‑2 during the ongoing SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic and has twice received in-hospital treatment. Chronic and recurrent SARS-CoV‑2 infections are a threat to the individual health of immunodeficient patients. Only few therapeutic options are available especially due to emerging virus variants with immune escape mechanisms. The medical care of immunodeficient patients with SARS-CoV‑2 infections is a great challenge to the treating physician in the ongoing pandemic.
The Influence of Class Imbalance on Cost-Sensitive Learning: An Empirical Study (2006)

In real-world applications the number of examples in one class may overwhelm the other class, but the primary interest is usually on the minor class. Cost-sensitive learning has been deeded as a good solution to these class-imbalanced tasks, yet it is not clear how does the class-imbalance affect cost-sensitive classifiers. This paper presents an empirical study using 38 data sets, which discloses that class-imbalance often affects the performance of cost-sensitive classifiers: When the misclassification costs are not seriously unequal, cost-sensitive classifiers generally favor natural class distribution although it might be imbalanced; while when misclassification costs are seriously unequal, a balanced class distribution is more favorable.
Lipid Profile Comparison between Arctic Ground Squirrels and Brown Norway Rats – Implications for Cardioprotection (2015)

Arctic Ground Squirrels (AGS) are resistant to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury when compared to Brown Norway (BN) rats. Intralipid (IL) provides additional species-dependent cardioprotection. We hypothesized that this endogenous and exogenous cardioprotection in AGS is due to higher lipids levels. Samples from 17 AGS and 41 BNs, as well as IL, underwent mass spectrometry for lipid profiling. Each of the >1800 obtained lipid types were compared between species and to IL. The distribution of 64% of all lipids was identical between AGS and BN, 19% were higher in AGS vs 17% in BN. Compared to IL, AGS had 66%, 5% and 29%, and BN 76%, 2% and 22% of all lipids at the same, higher or lower levels, respectively. Several groups were markedly increased in both AGS and IL vs BN: phosphatidyl(P)cholines, lyso-P-ethanolamines(E), PEs, and ether-linked PEs by 1.5/4.5, 2.1/17.0, 8.3/136.9, and 1.3/28.7 times, respectively. Better cardioprotection in AGS under non-hibernating conditions suggests that other endogenous metabolic and/or signaling mechanisms may play a role. The largely improved outcome in IL-perfused AGS vs BN hearts challenges the paradigm of increased glucose and decreased lipid metabolism as beneficial during IR. Thus, the role of metabolism of specific endogenous and/or exogenously supplied lipids and their signaling in cardioprotection warrant further investigation. Supported by VA (CARA-026-10F), NSF, NIH and USAMRMC.
MicroRNA regulation of smooth muscle gene expression and phenotype (2012)

The phenotype of VSMCs is dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. Deregulation of phenotype switching is associated with vascular diseases. Several miRNAs have been found to be highly expressed in the vasculature, to modulate VSMC phenotype, and to be dysregulated in vascular diseases. By regulating mRNA and/or protein levels posttranscriptionally, miRNAs provide a delicate regulation in the complex molecular networks that regulate the vascular system. Understanding the functions of miRNAs in the regulation of VSMC differentiation and phenotype switching provides new insights into the mechanisms of vascular development, function, and dysfunction.
Investigation of the Methanosarcina thermophila Acetate Kinase Mechanism by Fluorescence Quenching (2007)

Acetate kinase, a member of the acetate and sugar kinase/Hsc 70/actin (ASKHA) structural superfamily, catalyzes the reversible transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to acetate, yielding ADP and acetyl phosphate. A catalytic mechanism for the enzyme from Methanosarcina thermophila has been proposed on the basis of the crystal structure and kinetic analyses of amino acid replacement variants. The Gln43Trp variant was generated to further investigate the catalytic mechanism via changes in fluorescence. The dissociation constants for ADP.Mg2+ and ATP.Mg2+ ligands were determined for the Gln43Trp variant and double variants generated by replacing Arg241 and Arg91 with Ala and Lys. The dissociation constants and kinetic analyses indicated roles for the arginines in transition state stabilization for catalysis but not in nucleotide binding. The results also provide the first experimental evidence for domain motion and evidence that catalysis does not occur as two independent active sites of the homodimer but the active site activities are coordinated in a half-the-sites manner.
Fabrication of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-Bi(Zn<sub>1/2</sub>Ti<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Solid Solution Thin Films Using Perovskite-Type Oxide Interface Layer (2013)

Bi-based perovskite-type oxide materials such as BiFeO 3 (BFO) and Bi (Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 and the related compounds receive much attention and have been developed actively as important candidates for Pb-free ferroelectric materials instead of toxic Pb-based perovskite oxide materials. Recently, many researches have been reported for thin films of Bi-based materials by various film-deposition techniques for actual application of semiconductive devices, microactuators, etc. In this study, we tried preferential crystal growth of BFZT films on semiconductive silicon substrates using uniaxial-(100)-oriented LaNiO 3 (LNO) buffer layer. BFO films were fabricated via chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique on platinized silicon wafer [(111)Pt/TiO 2 /(100)S and (100)LNO-coated platinized silicon [(100)LNO/(111)Pt/TiO 2 /(100)S substrates. XRD analysis indicated that the films fabricated on (111)Pt/TiO 2 /(100)Si substrate consisted of randomly-oriented BFZT crystal with lower crystallinity. On the other hand, the films on (100)LNO/(111)Pt/TiO 2 /(100)Si consisted of uniaxial-one-oriented BFZT crystal with higher crystallinity. The crystallization temperature these films were 500°C, respectively. These results suggest that the BFZT crystal was grown successfully on uniaxial oriented (100)LNO plane which also had perovskite-type crystal structure. Consequently, one-oriented BFZT films were prepared on Si substrate successfully using (100)LNO buffer layer.
Biomimetic syntheses of indole alkaloids. 11. Syntheses of .beta.-carboline and indoloazepine intermediates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiomimetic syntheses of indole alkaloids. 11. Syntheses of .beta.-carboline and indoloazepine intermediatesM. E. Kuehne, J. C. Bohnert, W. G. Bornmann, C. L. Kirkemo, S. E. Kuehne, P. J. Seaton, and T. C. ZebovitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 7, 919–924Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00207a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00207a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1361Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lessons Learnt from Network Modelling of a Low Heat Density District Heating System (2015)

This paper presents the lessons learnt during the development of a library for the modelling of district heating systems (DH systems), especially focusing on the distribution network. The library was built based on elements from the Modelica Standard Library (Modelica Association, 2012) and the NewThermal library (Lopez, del Hoyo, 2014).
Steering Errors May Result from Non-Rigid Transparent Optical Flow (2005)

Transparent, non-rigid optical flow can result from environmental factors (e.g., wind-blown snow) or technological factors (e.g., superposition of sensor imagery flow on the environmental flow viewed directly through the windscreen) and can produce systematic errors in judgments of the direction of heading and control of yaw. Here, we examined whether these systematic errors generalize to control of heading in a more realistic scenario, driving across a textured ground plane through falling snow. Simulated crosswinds caused the snow to move at varying angles (0-32°) relative to the simulated direction of translation. Participants were instructed to steer such that they maintained a straight path relative to the ground plane. For non-zero angles, a pattern of systematic steering errors was found that was consistent with the pattern of errors previously observed with judgments of heading. These results suggest that motion transparency occurring in more realistic simulations can introduce systematic errors in controlling vehicles.
Shared-Use Vehicle Systems: Framework for Classifying Carsharing, Station Cars, and Combined Approaches (2002)

In recent years, shared-use vehicle systems have garnered a great deal of interest and activity internationally as an innovative mobility solution. In general, shared-use vehicle systems consist of a fleet of vehicles that are used by several different individuals throughout the day. Shared-use vehicles offer the convenience of the private automobile and more flexibility than public transportation alone. These systems are attractive since they offer the potential to lower a user’s transportation costs; reduce the need for parking spaces in a community; improve overall air quality; and facilitate access to and encourage use of other transportation modes such as rail transit. Shared-use vehicle systems take many forms, ranging from neighborhood carsharing to classic station car models. Given the recent proliferation in system approaches, it is useful to establish a classification system or framework for characterizing these programs. The classification system presented here outlines key program elements that can help policy makers and practitioners characterize and evaluate various aspects of this rapidly evolving field. Further, it helps researchers analyze and compare the various models, including their similarities, differences, and benefits. A shared-use vehicle classification system is provided that describes existing and evolving models; examples are provided of each. It is argued that carsharing and station car concepts can be viewed as two ends of a continuum, sharing many similarities, rather than as separate concepts. Indeed, many existing shared-use vehicle systems can be viewed as hybrid systems, exhibiting key characteristics of both concepts.
The Treatment of Advanced Lung Cancer in the Elderly (2015)

The US lung cancer population is aging, the majority of which receive a diagnosis of incurable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In US clinical oncology practice, elderly is defined as patients older than 70 years. Treatment of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC is complex. Choosing appropriate chemotherapy in this setting is complicated by multiple chronic conditions in addition to geriatric syndromes, challenging the traditional oncology practice. Although promising new options are on the horizon, the standard of care remains either platinum-based doublet or single-agent chemotherapy. Clinical trials have determined doublet therapy is appropriate for elderly patients; however, out of concern for excessive toxicity, many elderly patients do not receive appropriate treatment. Determining which patients are most likely to benefit from doublet chemotherapy versus monotherapy is a difficult challenge. Researchers have started to implement geriatric assessment and predictive chemotherapy toxicity tools in prospective clinical trials; however, knowledge gaps remain on how to appropriately select and treat elderly patients with advanced NSCLC in efforts to improve disease management and symptoms, maintain functional status, and minimize toxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroorganic Chemistry. Part 139. Electroreductive Decyanation of Nitriles and Its Application to Synthesis of α‐Alkylamines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Combined Intra-Prediction for High-Efficiency Video Coding (2011)

New activities in the video coding community are focused on the delivery of technologies that will enable economic handling of future visual formats at very high quality. The key characteristic of these new visual systems is the highly efficient compression of such content. In that context this paper presents a novel approach for intra-prediction in video coding based on the combination of spatial closed- and open-loop predictions. This new tool, called Combined Intra-Prediction (CIP), enables better prediction of frame pixels which is desirable for efficient video compression. The proposed tool addresses both the rate-distortion performance enhancement as well as low-complexity requirements that are imposed on codecs for targeted high-resolution content. The novel perspective CIP offers is that of exploiting redundancy not only between neighboring blocks but also within a coding block. While the proposed tool enables yet another way to exploit spatial redundancy within video frames, its main strength is being inexpensive and simple for implementation, which is a crucial requirement for video coding of demanding sources. As shown in this paper, the CIP can be flexibly modeled to support various coding settings, providing a gain of up to 4.5% YUV BD-rate for the video sequences in the challenging High-Efficiency Video Coding Test Model.
Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B inhibit in vitro angiogenesis by induction of Human Leukocyte Antigen G (2018)

We have previously reported that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection of endothelial cells (ECs) induces the loss of angiogenic properties, through the expression of HHV-6 U94, possibly associated to the release of a soluble mediator. It is also known that the soluble isoform of HLA-G exhibits an anti-angiogenic function, important in implantation, transplantation and neoplastic development. In this study, we analyzed the expression of HLA-G in HHV-6 infected ECs, showing that both HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection induce a potent up-modulation of HLA-G, including both membrane and soluble isoforms. Interestingly, HHV-6A and HHV-6B induced different isoforms of HLA-G. The virus-induced increase of HLA-G was likely due to the expression of the U94 viral gene, that by itself was able to reproduce the effect of whole virus. The effect of U94 was mediated by human transcription factor ATF3, that induced HLA-G activation by recognizing a consensus sequence on its promoter. Virus-induced inhibition of ECs angiogenic ability directly correlated to HLA-G expression and release, and the addition of anti-HLA-G antibody restored the angiogenic properties of HHV6-infected ECs. The induction of HLA-G expression in ECs might represent an important mediator of HHV-6 induced effects.