gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte Suppression by Rolipram with Other Immunosuppressive Drugs (1999)

Pentoxifylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo and potentiates the suppressive effects of glucocorticoids and cyclosporine on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Since phosphodiesterase isotypes 3 and 4 predominate in lymphocytes, the authors measured the suppressive effect of rolipram alone and in combination with low concentrations of methylprednisolone and calcineurin enzyme inhibitors, compared to that of pentoxifylline on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The percent inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation by both 10(-5) and 10(-8) mol/L concentrations of rolipram were significantly greater than that by both 10(-4) mol/L pentoxifylline and 10(-8) mol/L methylprednisolone. The percent inhibition by the combination of 10(-5), but not 10(-6), mol/L rolipram and methylprednisolone was significantly greater than that by 10(-4) mol/L pentoxifylline and methylprednisolone. Potentiation of the suppressive effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus by rolipram was less consistent. Measurement of cell culture supernatant concentrations of interferon gamma and interleukin-10 indicate that one of the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive activity of rolipram is a significantly disproportionate inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine, interferon gamma.
Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular mass by a non-geometric method. (1987)

The accuracy of a new non-geometric method for calculating left ventricular myocardial volumes from 2-D echocardiographic images was assessed in vitro using 20 formalin-fixed normal human hearts. Serial oblique short axis images were acquired from one point at 5 degree intervals, for a total of 10 to 12 cross sections. Echocardiographic myocardial volumes were calculated as the difference between the volumes defined by the epi- and endocardial surfaces. Actual myocardial volumes were determined by water displacement. Volumes ranged from 80 to 174 ml (mean 130.8 ml). Linear regression analysis demonstrated excellent agreement between echocardiographic (X) and direct measurements (Y) i.e., y = 0.98 X + 4.3 ml; r = 0.94; SEE = 8.4; p = 0.001. Comparison of 10 duplicate measurements by two independent observers yielded an r of 0.96. These in vitro results suggest that with this technique, quantitative analysis of a limited number of cross sectional echocardiographic views will provide accurate left ventricular mass estimates.
Flash crowds and denial of service attacks (2002)

The paper studies two types of events that often overload Web sites to a point when their services are degraded or disrupted entirely - flash events (FEs) and denial of service attacks (DoS). The former are created by legitimate requests and the latter contain malicious requests whose goal is to subvert the normal operation of the site. We study the properties of both types of events with a special attention to characteristics that distinguish the two. Identifying these characteristics allows a formulation of a strategy for Web sites to quickly discard malicious requests. We also show that some content distribution networks (CDNs) may not provide the desired level of protection to Web sites against flash events. We therefore propose an enhancement to CDNs that offers better protection and use trace-driven simulations to study the effect of our enhancement on CDNs and Web sites.
Arthroscopic versus open bankart procedures: A comparison of early morbidity and complications (1993)

Morgan recently reported excellent results by arthroscopically suturing detached labra to the glenoid via drill holes in anterior shoulder dislocators. We attempted to quantitatively compare the operative time, and perioperative morbidity employing this technique to these same parameters using the open Bankart procedure. We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients undergoing either of these procedures at our institution over the past 2 years. Only those cases wherein the labra were reattached to the glenoid via drill holes were considered. There were 20 patients in the arthroscopic and 18 in the open Bankart groups. Using the arthroscopic method, there was a 1.8-fold decrease in operative time, a 10-fold decrease in blood loss, and a 2.5-fold decrease in postoperative narcotic use compared with the open procedure (p < 0.001). Postoperative fevers were similarly reduced. Hospital stay averaged 3.1 days with the open procedure compared with 1.1 days with the arthroscopic method (p < 0.001). Most arthroscopic Bankarts are now performed on a same-day basis. Time lost from work was 25.5 and 15.3 days for the open and arthroscopic procedures, respectively (p < 0.001). There were three complications among the patients treated with the open technique compared with none in the arthroscopic group. Thus, we conclude that the arthroscopic Bankart procedure offers significant improvements in operative time, perioperative morbidity, and complications compared with the open technique for patients with anterior shoulder instability.
Effects of glycine and other inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters on strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. (1985)

The effects of glycine and other inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters on strychnine convulsive threshold were studied in mice. The mean intravenous threshold dose for strychnine to produce its convulsive effects in briefly restrained mice was determined to be 1.386 +/- 0.035 mg/kg. The dose of strychnine produced 100% postconvulsive mortality in all the mice tested. Intraperitoneal administration of various doses (100-500 mg/kg) of glycine, beta-alanine and L-threonine, 15-20 minutes prior to strychnine infusion produced an increase of 13.92%, 25.73% and 17.15% respectively in strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. Diazepam, known to produce its anticonvulsant, sedative and muscle relaxant effects through its interaction either with central GABA or glycine receptors was found to be the most potent (48.39%) in increasing strychnine convulsive threshold. Taurine and Baclofen were found to be ineffective in raising strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. These observations favor the possible use of either glycine or beta-alanine in addition to diazepam in treating clinical cases of strychnine neurotoxicoses.
Conjunctive queries with inequalities under updates (2018)

Modern application domains such as Composite Event Recognition (CER) and real-time Analytics require the ability to dynamically refresh query results under high update rates. Traditional approaches to this problem are based either on the materialization of subresults (to avoid their recomputation) or on the recomputation of subresults (to avoid the space overhead of materialization). Both techniques have recently been shown suboptimal: instead of materializing results and subresults, one can maintain a data structure that supports efficient maintenance under updates and can quickly enumerate the full query output, as well as the changes produced under single updates. Unfortunately, these data structures have been developed only for aggregate-join queries composed of equi-joins, limiting their applicability in domains such as CER where temporal joins are commonplace. In this paper, we present a new approach for dynamically evaluating queries with multi-way θ -joins under updates that is effective in avoiding both materialization and recomputation of results, while supporting a wide range of applications. To do this we generalize Dynamic Yannakakis, an algorithm for dynamically processing acyclic equi-join queries. In tandem, and of independent interest, we generalize the notions of acyclicity and free-connexity to arbitrary θ -joins. We instantiate our framework to the case where θ -joins are only composed of equalities and inequalities (&lt;, ≤, =, &gt;, ≥) and experimentally compare this algorithm, called IEDyn, to state of the art CER systems as well as incremental view maintenance engines. IEDyn performs consistently better than the competitor systems with up to two orders of magnitude improvements in both time and memory consumption.
Depth imaging and regional exploration in northeast Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico (2005)

Since 2002, Kerr‐McGee has been using regional (several hundred OCS blocks) 3D pre‐stack depth migrations for exploration in Northeast Garden Banks, located in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). The advances of prestack depth imaging technology, as well as the experience and the lessons learned in the subsalt imaging in Gulf of Mexico, has impacted the ways we evaluate and explore in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico in the past few years. The regional 3D pre‐stack depth migration provided better understanding of the petroleum systems (salt tectonics, sediment fairways, traps, etc.) and reduced the exploration risks.
Interpretable attention model in transcription factor binding site prediction with deep neural networks (2019)

Abstract Due to the complexity of the biological factors that may influence the binding of transcription factors to DNA sequences, prediction of the potential binding sites remains a difficult task in computational biology. The attention mechanism in deep learning has shown its capability to learn from input features with long-range dependencies. Until now, no study has applied this mechanism in deep neural network models with input data from massively parallel sequencing. In this study, we aim to build a model for binding site prediction with the combination of attention mechanism and traditional deep learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. The performance of our methods is evaluated on the ENCODE-DREAM in vivo Transcription Factor Binding Site Prediction Challenge datasets. The benchmark shows that our implementation with attention mechanism (called DeepGRN) improves the performance of the deep learning models. Our model achieves better performance in at least 9 of 13 targets than any of the methods participated in the DREAM challenge. Visualization of the attention weights extracted from the trained models reveals how those weights shift when binding signal peaks move along the genomic sequence, which can interpret how the predictions are made. Case studies show that the attention mechanism helps to extract useful features by focusing on regions that are critical to successful prediction while ignoring the irrelevant signals from the input.
What Is “Telemedicine” and What Does It Mean for a Pediatric Surgeon? (2014)

Telemedicine is a broad term and has recently become a household term in the medical field. However, there are many interpretations as to what the term "telemedicine" means. There are many facets to telemedicine and here we describe all of the elements of telemedicine, a glossary of terms, and how they relate to pediatric surgery.
Association between a High-Potassium Diet and Hearing Thresholds in the Korean Adult Population (2019)

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association between potassium intake and hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were divided into tertiles on the basis of their potassium intake as follows: low, middle, and high. Pure-tone audiometry was performed using an automated audiometer. We calculated as the average threshold at the low-frequency pure-tone average (0.5 and 1 kHz), mid-frequency pure-tone average (2 and 3 kHz), and high-frequency pure-tone average (4 and 6 kHz). The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average of the thresholds at 0.5~3 kHz. Hearing loss (HL) was defined as an AHT of >40 dB in the better ear. There were 1975 participants each in the low, middle, and high tertile groups. The four different average hearing thresholds significantly decreased with an increase in the potassium intake tertile. Multivariate analysis revealed that the four different average hearing thresholds were significantly lower in the high tertile group than in the other two groups. In addition, univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the potassium intake level was inversely associated with each of the four different average hearing thresholds. Analyses of participants matched based on propensity scores and participants not matched based on propensity scores yielded similar results. The results of this study suggest that high potassium intake levels were associated with a lower prevalence of HL and lower hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population.
Small practice participation and performance in Medicare accountable care organizations (2022)

Small practices in ACOs controlled costs more so than large practices. Small practice participation may generate higher savings for ACOs.
HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) Transgenic Mice Expressing an Altered CD4-Binding Site: Specificity and Magnitude of DR4-Restricted T Cell Response (1998)

Optimum function of HLA-DR molecules in transgenic mice requires efficient interaction between the class II molecules on APCs and CD4 on T cells. Residues 110 and 139 of the second domain of class II molecules are considered to be critical for recognition of CD4. We generated an HLA-DR4beta(NT) transgene construct in which positions 110 and 139 were altered to resemble endogenous mouse H2 Abeta molecules. This construct was introduced into (B10 x SWR) embryos, and DR4beta(NT) transgenic mice were produced. The transgene was transferred into B10.RFB3 (Ebeta0 EalphaP) mice. The transgene-encoded DR4beta molecules paired with endogenous Ealpha chains to form stable DR4beta/Ealpha dimers expressed on the cell surface. The hybrid dimers showed similar Ag-binding specificity to HLA-DR4 molecules and positively selected CD4+ T cells in vivo. Immunization of HLA-DR4beta(NT) transgenic mice with DR4-restricted peptides induced T cell proliferation in vitro. While the purified T cells from DR4beta(NT) transgenic mice responded strongly to the HA(307-319) presented by M12C3 transfectants expressing altered DR4beta/Ealpha heterodimers, the response to the same peptides presented by transfectants expressing wild-type DR4beta/Ealpha molecules was substantially reduced. Taken together, these data confirmed in vitro studies on the importance of these residues in CD4-MHC class II interaction. The altered HLA-DR4beta transgenic mice were able to overcome the species barrier and generate efficient HLA-DR4-restricted CD4-specific immune responses. Thus, residues 110 and 139 were critical for the interaction of class II with CD4 T cells during thymic selection as well as peripheral immune responses.
Genetic factors rather than blast reduction determine outcomes of allogeneic HCT in BCR-ABL–negative MPN in blast phase (2020)

There is a limited understanding of the clinical and molecular factors associated with outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in blast phase (MPN-BP). Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we evaluated HCT outcomes in 177 patients with MPN-BP. Ninety-five (54%) had sufficient DNA for targeted next-generation sequencing of 49 genes clinically relevant in hematologic malignancies. At 5 years, overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse, and nonrelapse mortality of the study cohort was 18%, 61%, and 25%, respectively. In a multivariable model, poor-risk cytogenetics was associated with inferior OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% CI, 1.21-2.41) due to increased relapse (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.32-2.82). Transplants using mobilized peripheral blood (PB) were associated with better OS (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96). No difference in outcomes was observed in patients undergoing HCT with PB/BM blasts <5% vs those with active leukemia. Among the 95 patients with molecular data, mutation of TP53, present in 23%, was the only genetic alteration associated with outcomes. In a multivariate model, TP53-mutant patients had inferior OS (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14-3.49) and increased incidence of relapse (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.41-4.74). There were no differences in the spectrum of gene mutations, number of mutations, or variant allele frequency between patients undergoing HCT with PB/BM blasts <5% vs those with active leukemia. Genetic factors, namely cytogenetic alterations and TP53 mutation status, rather than degree of cytoreduction predict outcomes of HCT in MPN-BP. No meaningful benefit of conventional HCT was observed in patients with MPN-BP and mutated TP53.
ZEB Negatively Regulates the Lytic-Switch BZLF1 Gene Promoter of Epstein-Barr Virus (2002)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus capable of establishing a latent state in B lymphocytes. The product of the immediate-early BZLF1 gene, Zta, is a transcriptional transactivator essential for viral DNA amplification and virion production. Previously, we identified a negative cis-acting element within the BZLF1 promoter termed ZV. ZV contains the sequence 5'-CAGGTA-3' located at nucleotides -17 to -12 relative to the transcription initiation site. It sequence specifically binds a cellular factor, ZVR. Based on sequence binding specificity, we postulated that ZVR may be zinc finger E-box binding factor (ZEB) or a related zinc finger/homeodomain family member. We show here by immunoshift assays that ZVR and human ZEB specifically cross-react with an antibody to deltaEF1, the chicken homolog of ZEB. Competition electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that ZEB binds to the ZV element with the same binding specificity as ZVR. Overexpression of ZEB in either B-lymphocytic DG75 cells or mammary epithelial MCF-7 cells repressed Zta-induced activation of the BZLF1 promoter four- to fivefold via the ZV site. Thus, we conclude that the previously identified cellular repressor ZVR is, in fact, ZEB. We also present evidence that other cellular factors likely affect the transcriptional activity of ZEB. Lastly, we identify a ZEB-binding site within the promoter of the lytic BRLF1 gene of EBV. We postulate that ZEB likely plays an important role in regulating the life cycle of EBV.
Analyse des fonctions biologiques de l'OPL par transfection transitoire d'ARNI in vivo : développement des approches et résultats préliminaires (2008)

National audience
Optimized holistic municipal right-of-way capital improvement planning (2013)

Much of North America’s critical municipal right-of-way (ROW) infrastructure is facing a severe deficit in planned maintenance, rehabilitation, and renewal spending. An optimized holistic approach for capital improvement planning allows for the consideration of contiguity savings and efficiencies through the synchronization of rehabilitation and renewal projects for collocated segments from different ROW infrastructure component systems. This paper presents the results of the application of a holistic methodology to a small ROW network made up of segments of varying condition and criticality. This methodology was developed utilizing an evolutionary genetic algorithm to optimize a five-year capital improvement plan. The results from the application of the holistic model to an existing ROW network indicate that it is successful in achieving savings through synchronization and in providing superior maintenance, rehabilitation, and renewal plans when compared to the traditional paradigm where independent plans are created for road, sewer, and water utilities.
Multiscale Study of Electrochemical Energy Systems (2015)

This chapter draws a line in the example of an energy system that includes electrochemical processes from a system description and evaluation and the methods to analyze those to components, to materials and down to molecular functionality. It addresses the question of organization and hierarchy from the point of computer science. The chapter shows that more than three quarters of the annual electricity demand can be covered by renewables provided an appropriate energy storage and management exists. Further on, the case of an autonomous electricity supply is assumed based on renewables. A fuel cell system is conceived that is based on bioethanol obtained from biowaste. In this direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), the chapter discusses the operational concept and the materials. Finally, it analyzes the important aspect of electrocatalysis and its criteria for the DEFC.
As the net churns: Fast-flux botnet observations (2008)

While botnets themselves provide a rich platform for financial gain for the botnet master, the use of the infected hosts as webservers can provide an additional botnet use. Botnet herders often use fast-flux DNS techniques to host unwanted or illegal content within a botnet. These techniques change the mapping of the domain name to different bots within the botnet with constant shifting, while the bots simply relay content back to a central server. This can give the attackers additional stepping stones to thwart takedown and can obscure their true origins. Evidence suggests that more attackers are adopting fast-flux techniques, but very little data has been gathered to discover what these botnets are being used for. To address this gap in understanding, we have been mining live traffic to discover new fast-flux domains and then tracking those botnets with active measurements for several months. We identified over 900 fast-flux domain names from early to mid 2008 and monitored their use across the Internet to discern fast-flux botnet behaviors. We found that the active lifetimes of fast-flux botnets vary from less than one day to months, domains that are used in fast-flux operations are often registered but dormant for months prior to activation, that these botnets are associated with a broad range of online fraud and crime activities, and that we can identify distinct botnets across multiple domain names. We support our findings through an in-depth examination of an Internet-scale data continuously collected for hundreds of domain names over several months.
Comparing the Views of Lawyers and User Interface Designers on the Software Copyright Look and Feel Lawsuits (1989)

This article reports the results of a survey of the user interface field's perspectives on copyright protection of computer software, conducted at the sixth Association of the Computing Machinery Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. The survey focuses specifically on the effects of protection of look andfeel of user interfaces. The mst significantfinding is that 79percent of respondents with an opinion opposed look and feel protection. These and other results are then compared with the views of intellectual property scholars expressed in the consensus statement reported at the outset of this issue. The article concludes that the views of the user interface design community provide strong support for the conclusions drawn in the consensus statement. It is rare for those with a deep grounding in intellectual property law to learn what those with a deep grounding in a field governed by this law think about the extent of intellectual property protection that would promote innova*Visiting Professor of Law, Emory Law School. Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh School of Law. **Senior Staff Scientist, Search Technology, Norcross, Georgia. The authors wish to thank: Gary Perlman and Jonathan Grudin for reviewing a draft of the survey; Jonathan Grudin for his help in production of the survey; Jack Brown and Thomas Hemnes for their excellent legal presentations at the CHI legal debate; John Leggett and his army of student volunteers who distributed and collected the surveys at the CHI debate; Connie McFarland and Andrea Lynn for data entry and preliminary data analysis; Dan Sewell for statistical advice; and last, but certainly not least, Dr. Bill Curtis for encouraging the idea of the legal debate at CHI and the survey.