gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Allogeneic Transplantation for FLT3/ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Outcomes from 133 Consecutive Newly Diagnosed Patients from a Single Institution (2011)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3/ITD mutations have an inferior survival compared to AML patients with wild-type (WT) FLT3, primarily because of an increased relapse rate. Allogeneic transplantation represents a postremission therapy that is effective at reducing the risk of relapse for many cases of poor-risk AML. Whether or not allogeneic transplantation in first complete remission (CR) can improve outcomes for patients with FLT3/ITD AML remains controversial. Our institution has adopted a policy of pursuing allogeneic transplantation, including the use of alternate donors, for FLT3/ITD AML patients in remission. As part of an instituional review board-approved study, we performed a review of the clinical data from November 1, 2004, to October 31, 2008, on all adult patients under the age of 60 presenting in consecutive fashion to the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins with newly diagnosed non-M3 AML. We followed their outcomes through August 1, 2010. During the study period, 133 previously untreated AML patients between the ages of 20 and 59 were diagnosed and received induction and consolidation therapy at our institution. Of these 133 patients, 31 (23%) harbored an FLT3/ITD mutation at diagnosis. The median overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis for the FLT3/ITD AML patients was compared to the OS of the entire cohort and found to be comparable (19.3 months versus 15.5 months, P = .56). Historically, OS for FLT3/ITD AML patients is significantly worse than for AML patients lacking this mutation. However, the OS for the 31 FLT3/ITD patients reported here was comparable to the 102 patients with WT FLT3 over the same 4-year time period. One difference that might have contributed to the surprising outcomes for the FLT3/ITD group is our aggressive pursuit of allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) in CR1 within this group (60% of FLT3/ITD versus 17% with WT). Our single-institution study of consecutively treated AML patients supports the hypothesis that allogeneic transplant in early CR1 improves the long-term outcomes for FLT3/ITD AML.
The molecular genetics of male infertility (1997)

Spermatogenesis is an elaborate process involving both cell division and differentiation, and cell-cell interactions. Defects in any of these processes can result in infertility, and in some cases these can be genetic in cause. Mapping experiments have defined at least three regions of the human Y chromosome that are required for normal spermatogenesis. Two of these contain the genes encoding the RNA binding proteins RBM and DAZ, suggesting that the control of RNA metabolism is likely to be an important control point for human spermatogenesis. A similar analysis in mice has shown that at least two regions of the mouse Y chromosome are essential for spermatogenesis. Both genetic and reverse genetic approaches have been used to identify mouse autosomal genes required for spermatogenesis. These studies have shown that genes in a number of different pathways are essential for normal spermatogenesis, and also provide putative models of human infertility.
Differential induction of primary-response (TIS) genes in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and the unresponsive variant PC12nnr5. (1991)

As a measure of the transmembrane signals that they transduce, two neurotrophic agents, nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the muscarinic agonist carbachol were compared for their ability to induce TIS (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequences) transcripts, representing a family of immediate early response genes, in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 and the morphologically unresponsive variant PC12nnr5. Three genes, TIS1 (also designated NGFIB), TIS8 (also designated NGFIA), and TIS21, induced in these cells by NGF (Kujubu, D.A., Lim, R.W., Varnum, B.C., and Herschman, H.R. (1987) Oncogene 1, 257-262, 1987), are also induced by bFGF and carbachol. In native PC12 cells the level of expression of TIS8 and TIS21 is similar for all three stimuli, as well as for tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). In contrast, the induction of TIS1 by NGF and TPA is slight and is only just detectable after stimulation by bFGF, but is strong for carbachol. Thus, although all of these agents can stimulate protein kinase (PK-C), at least one TIS gene can apparently be differentially regulated by these ligands, suggesting that alternative signaling pathways must also exist. In keeping with this view, bFGF, and to a lesser degree NGF, can elicit a TIS gene response in PC12 cells in which PK-C has been down-regulated with TPA. The response to carbachol (and TPA) is effectively blocked under these conditions. Since both NGF and bFGF stimulate neurite outgrowth in such cells, PK-C is apparently not essential, i.e. does not represent the sole mechanism, for signal transduction leading to modulation of gene expression for these factors. Consistent with this model, putative protein kinase inhibitors, K252a and sphingosine, did not inhibit the TIS gene responses to bFGF. However, these agents also failed to block TIS gene responses to carbachol and TPA indicating that they were ineffective as PK-C inhibitors under these conditions. The NGF-induced response was, however, blocked by K252a indicating a unique step in the mechanism of this factor not shared by the other ligands. Sphingosine did not block TIS induction with NGF. The mutant cell line PC12 nnr5 does not respond morphologically to either NGF or bFGF. However, TIS gene responses to bFGF are unaffected, whereas those to NGF are completely abolished. The response to TPA is altered quantitatively but not qualitatively; the induction by carbachol is largely eliminated, apparently as a result of a 90% reduction in muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Chloride channel activity of ClC-2 is modified by the actin cytoskeleton (2000)

The chloride channel ClC-2has been implicated in essential physiological functions, including cell-volume regulation and fluid secretion by specific epithelial tissues. Although ClC-2 is known to be activated by hyperpolarization and hypo-osmotic shock, the molecular basis for the regulation of this channel remains unclear. Here we show in the Xenopus oocyte expression system that the chloride-channel activity of ClC-2 is enhanced after treatment with the actin-disrupting agents cytochalasin and latrunkulin. These findings suggest that the actin cytoskeleton normally exerts an inhibitory effect on ClC-2 activity. An inhibitory domain was previously defined in the N-terminus of ClC-2, so we sought to determine whether this domain might interact directly with actin in binding assays in vitro. We found that a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the inhibitory domain was capable of binding actin in overlay and co-sedimentation assays. Further, the binding of actin to this relatively basic peptide (pI 8.4) might be mediated through electrostatic interactions because binding was inhibited at high concentrations of NaCl with a half-maximal decrease in signal at 180mM NaCl. This work suggests that electrostatic interactions between the N-terminus of ClC-2 and the actin cytoskeleton might have a role in the regulation of this channel.
PNA Used for Specific Capture of Nucleic Acids (2023)

Detection of antigens or antibodies in patient samples are widely used methods in diagnostics. However, these methods tend to lack in speed and/or sensitivity or they are dependent on the patient’s ability to form specific antibodies. Purification of target DNA prior to amplification is therefore of great importance. In this chapter we describe some general properties of peptide nucleic acid. Based upon these data, we have designed protocols for PNA-based DNA purification techniques and we demonstrate the use of these protocols in molecular diagnostics. Hybridisation experiments have been performed with PNA oligos having the glycine moiety substituted by other amino acid residues. All substitutions were characterized by lower affinity of the PNA for the complementary DNA oligo. Urine samples were centrifuged in order to pellet Chlamydia bacteria. The genomic DNA was released by heating and was then hybridised to a biotinylated PNA oligo specific for a conserved region of the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein.
Comparison of calculation approaches for monopiles for offshore wind turbines (2010)

Briaud et al. (1984) postulate that the soil-pile behaviour is affected by the flexibility of the pile. Criteria for rigid or flexible behaviour have been suggested by various researchers, e.g. Poulus and Hull (1989). According to their recommendations, the piles used for the development of the p-y curves behave as flexible piles. In contrast, the monopile considered in this paper, and generally the monopiles for offshore wind turbines, behave more like rigid piles than flexible ones, i.e. they merely rotate when subjected to large horizontal loads and rocking moments implying a “toe kick”. Hence, the deformation behaviour of the piles and thereby the soil in the case of monopiles for nowadays offshore wind turbines is very different from the conditions from which the p-y curves are derived. These scale effects have not been taken into account in the p-y curve formulations currently recommended by API (1993). Commercial finite-element programs such as PLAXIS (2006) and ABAQUS (Simulia 2009) as well as the finite-difference program FLAC3D (Itasca 2007) do not suffer from these shortcomings. Further, much more complicated models for both soil and pile can be employed leading to a more accurate estimation of the load-deformation behaviour of the pile.
SPSM 2015 (2015)

The 2015 SPSM (Security and Privacy in Smartphones and Mobile Devices) workshop is designed to bring together researchers focusing on smartphones. It is a single day workshop co-located with ACM CCS (Conference on Computer and Communications Security) 2015, designed to provide a venue for interested researchers and practitioners to get together and exchange ideas.
Ökonomische Bewertung von Ansätzen zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Biogas (2015)

Einen essentiellen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Strom aus Biogas leisten Ansätze, die zu einer Reduzierung der Stromgestehungskosten auf ein wettbewerbsfähiges Niveau führen. Diverse Ansätze werden überprüft und hinsichtlich ihres Kosteneinsparungspotenzials bewertet. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird deutlich, dass auch unter günstigen einzelbetrieblichen, ökonomischen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen eine wettbewerbsfähige Biogaswirtschaft in Zukunft nur durch die Entwicklung von kosteneffizienten Methoden und Konzepten zu erreichen ist, die in etwa zu einer Halbierung der derzeitigen Stromgestehungskosten führen.
Long distance ion–water interactions in aqueous sulfate nanodrops persist to ambient temperatures in the upper atmosphere (2018)

The effect of temperature on the patterning of water molecules located remotely from a single SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ion in aqueous nanodrops was investigated for nanodrops containing between 30 and 55 water molecules using instrument temperatures between 135 and 360 K. Magic number clusters with 24, 36 and 39 water molecules persist at all temperatures. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy between 3000 and 3800 cm<sup>-1</sup> was used to measure the appearance of water molecules that have a free O-H stretch at the nanodroplet surface and to infer information about the hydrogen bonding network of water in the nanodroplet. These data suggest that the hydrogen bonding network of water in nanodrops with 45 water molecules is highly ordered at 135 K and gradually becomes more amorphous with increasing temperature. An SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> dianion clearly affects the hydrogen bonding network of water to at least ∼0.71 nm at 135 K and ∼0.60 nm at 340 K, consistent with an entropic drive for reorientation of water molecules at the surface of warmer nanodrops. These distances represent remote interactions into at least a second solvation shell even with elevated instrumental temperatures. The results herein provide new insight into the extent to which ions can structurally perturb water molecules even at temperatures relevant to Earth's atmosphere, where remote interactions may assist in nucleation and propagation of nascent aerosols.
Orthogonal multiple click reactions in synthetic polymer chemistry (2014)

This review highlights the concept of multiple click reaction strategy which is utilized for design and synthesis of well-defined complex macromolecular structures as well as multifunctionalization of well-defined polymers. This review examines the click combinations mainly from double to quadruple and additionally from the most frequently used to the least. The present review may also be regarded as an update for recent reviews dealing with specifically double and triple click reaction combinations in synthetic polymer chemistry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3147–3165
Combination of microRNA-21 and microRNA-146a Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2016)

Recent studies have revealed the cytoprotective roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-21 and miR-146a against ischemic cardiac injuries. While these studies investigated each of these miRNAs as an independent individual factor, our previous study has suggested the possible interaction between these two miRNAs. The present study was designed to investigate this possibility by evaluating the effects of miR-21 and miR-146a combination on cardiac ischemic injuries and the underlying mechanisms. MiR-21 and miR-146a synergistically decreased apoptosis under ischemia/hypoxic conditions in cardiomyocytes compared with either miR-21 or miR-146a alone. Mice coinjected with agomiR-21 and agomiR-146a had decreased infarct size, increased ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). These effects were greater than those induced by either of the two agomiRs. Furthermore, greater decreases in p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase phosphorylation (p-p38 MAPK) were observed with miR-21: miR-146a combination as compared to application of either of the miRNAs. These data suggest that combination of miR-21 and miR-146a has a greater protective effect against cardiac ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis as compared to these miRNAs applied individually. This synergistic action is mediated by enhanced potency of inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the miR-21-PTEN/AKT-p-p38-caspase-3 and miR-146a-TRAF6-p-p38-caspase-3 signal pathways.
The Influence of Carbon Black, Mixing, and Compounding Variables on Dispersion (1984)

Abstract A series of response equations relating dispersion and rubber properties to mixing and compounding variables have been developed for formulations based on SBR and EPDM. These provide insight on the relationship of dispersion to rubber performance as carbon black type and loading are widely varied. Optimum conditions have been defined for minimizing Banbury mixing time and power consumption to achieve acceptable dispersion for different grades of carbon black. The different blacks can be classified in terms of their relative tendency to be shear-stress or shear-strain sensitive. The finer, low-DBPA carbon blacks such as N326 are shear-stress sensitive. To achieve high dispersion levels, this type of black requires initially high compound viscosities, i.e. , by means of high loadings, withholding all or part of the extender oil until after black incorporation, or by high black/oil ratios. The coarser, high-DBPA carbon blacks such as N650 are more shear-strain dependent and will reach high dispersion levels if enough energy (usually relatively low) is imparted to the batch during Banbury mixing. N650 consistently gave high dispersion levels over a wide range of black/oil levels, regardless of the polymer type or mixing variables. Carbon black dispersibility in SBR-1500 was improved in the direction of increasing DBPA and decreasing surface area. The surface area response was most pronounced when loose oil was added with the black. High oil with the carbon black tends to form harder, more persistent agglomerates which have a greater depressing effect on rubber strength properties such as tensile and fatigue. The effect of carbon black surface area on dispersion was considerably less in SBR-1712 with no loose oil addition. In EPDM, upside-down mixes of different grades of black at varied black/oil loadings produced some notable changes in the dispersion response to carbon black DBPA. At some of the high black/oil ratios, low DBPA was actually beneficial to dispersion. The finer, higher-DBPA blacks such as N351 showed a tendency to form more persistent agglomerates analogous to conventional SBR-1500 mixes in which high amounts of loose oil are added with low-DBPA blacks. These persistent agglomerates are most prone to form in an EPDM upside-down mix when the oil loading is close to the absorptive capacity of the carbon black. The Banbury power profiles of such compounds indicated a high initial peak and a depressed or missing second peak. A normal power profile and a high level of dispersion were achieved with these problem mixes when 25 to 50% of the oil was withheld until after black incorporation. N650 gave excellent dispersion in EPDM at all black/oil loadings and only minimal variations in vulcanizate properties were observed at mixing times ranging from 1 to 5 min.
Observations of Supply-Voltage-Noise Dispersion in Sub-nsec (2008)

This paper describes observations of supply-voltage-noise dispersion by using a test structure fabricated with a 65-nm low-power process. The test structure can capture the phenomenon in two domains: One is a space domain. The 1 kbit probes distributed uniformly over the entire test-module region detect the spread of the noise, which is induced in the center of the module. The noise is generated by simultaneous activation of 8 kbit flip-flops (FF), which are placed in a dense area. Each delay probe consists of a short buffer-chain between a pair of FFs to detect the delay shift caused by voltage drop in the area. The other is a time domain. The probes being different in the length of the buffer-chains can capture the time dependency. The measurement results have revealed how the supply-voltage-noise spreads over the entire test-module region in a very short time (sub-nsec).
Figure S2 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 shows the confirmation of the primary structure and multi-chain architecture of intact sasanlimab and the identification of the major and minor product isoforms using ESI MS&lt;/p&gt;
Multi-Conditioning and Data Augmentation Using Generative Noise Model for Speech Emotion Recognition in Noisy Conditions (2020)

Degradation due to additive noise is a significant road block in the real-life deployment of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) systems. Most of the previous work in this field dealt with the noise degradation either at the signal or at the feature level. In this paper, to address the robustness aspect of the SER in additive noise scenarios, we propose multi-conditioning and data augmentation using an utterance level parametric Generative noise model. The Generative noise model is designed to generate noise types which can span the entire noise space in the mel-filterbank energy domain. This characteristic of the model renders the system robust against unseen noise conditions. The generated noise types can be used to create multiconditioned data for training the SER systems. Multi-conditioning approach can also be used to increase the training data by many folds where such data is limited. We report the performance of the proposed method on two datasets, namely EmoDB and IEMOCAP. We also explore multi-conditioning and data augmentation using noise samples from NOISEX-92 database.
Boundary Layer Flashback in Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames With Acoustic Excitation (2017)

Lean premixed combustion is prevailing in gas turbines to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions. However, this technology bears the risk of flame flashback and thermoacoustic instabilities. Thermoacoustic instabilities induce velocity oscillations at the burner exit which, in turn, can trigger flame flashback. This article presents an experimental study at ambient conditions on the effect of longitudinal acoustic excitation on flashback in the boundary layer of a channel burner. The acoustic excitation simulates the effect of thermoacoustic instabilities. Flashback limits are determined for different excitation frequencies characterizing intermediate frequency dynamics in typical gas turbine combustors (100–350 Hz). The excitation amplitude is varied from 0 to 36 % of the burner bulk flow velocity. For increasing excitation amplitude, the risk of flame flashback increases. This effect is strongest at low frequencies. For increasing excitation frequency the influence of the velocity oscillations decreases as the flame has less time to follow the changes in bulk flow velocity. Two different flashback regimes can be distinguished based on excitation amplitude. For low excitation amplitudes flashback conditions are reached if the minimum flow velocity in the excitation cycle falls below the flashback limit of unexcited unconfined flames. For higher excitation amplitudes, where the flame starts to periodically enter the burner duct, flashback is initiated if the maximum flow velocity in the excitation cycle is lower than the flashback limit of confined flames. Consequently, flashback limits of confined flames should also be considered in the design of gas turbine burners as a worst case scenario.
Phase-Contrast Hounsfield Units of Fixated and Non-Fixated Soft-Tissue Samples (2015)

X-ray phase-contrast imaging is a novel technology that achieves high soft-tissue contrast. Although its clinical impact is still under investigation, the technique may potentially improve clinical diagnostics. In conventional attenuation-based X-ray computed tomography, radiological diagnostics are quantified by Hounsfield units. Corresponding Hounsfield units for phase-contrast imaging have been recently introduced, enabling a setup-independent comparison and standardized interpretation of imaging results. Thus far, the experimental values of few tissue types have been reported; these values have been determined from fixated tissue samples. This study presents phase-contrast Hounsfield units for various types of non-fixated human soft tissues. A large variety of tissue specimens ranging from adipose, muscle and connective tissues to liver, kidney and pancreas tissues were imaged by a grating interferometer with a rotating-anode X-ray tube and a photon-counting detector. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of formalin fixation on the quantitative phase-contrast imaging results.
Temperature Effects on the Forces, Moments and Moment to Force Ratio of Nickel-Titanium and TMA Symmetrical T-loops (2008)

The hypothesis is rejected. Temperature significantly affected the forces and moments produced by NiTi T-loops, though these changes generally do not affect the overall M:F ratio.
Carbapenem resistance: overview of the problem and future perspectives (2015)

Carbapenem resistance, mainly among Gram-negative pathogens, is an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions. This type of antimicrobial resistance, especially when mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes, is spreading rapidly causing serious outbreaks and dramatically limiting treatment options. In this article, important key points related to carbapenem resistance are reviewed and future perspectives are discussed.