gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of electromagnetic signals obtained from microwave scattering over healthy and tumorous breast models (2016)

Current breast cancer screening using mammography has a number of drawbacks. As a result, the feasibility of a portable breast microwave sensing system is being evaluated. One approach would be to automatically classify the presence of breast cancer by analysing the microwave backscatter signals from the breast. This paper shows the results of work carried out to classify 2D breast models into those containing a tumour and those without. Two different datasets were used. The first was composed of signals generated using a frequency-domain simulation of microwave scattering from breast models made up of skin, fatty tissue and tumours but containing no fibro-glandular tissue. The second dataset was based on models that included fibro-glandular patches of different sizes to produce breasts with densities that range from 0 to 25% in terms of fibro-glandular content. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbours (KNN) machine learning algorithms were used to classify the data. The SVM classification for the presence of tumours in the homogeneous dataset was correct 94% of the time, while the KNN classification was only accurate 73% of the time. For the second data set the SVM classification was correct 62% of the time, while the KNN classification showed a small improvement. Further improvements on classification features are necessary to adapt the proposed approach to clinical practice. To this extent, the use of time-domain information arising from both breasts in the classification process will be considered in the future.
Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Actions of Ghrelin (2006)

Ghrelin is primarily produced in the stomach and is known to be involved in feeding behavior, gastric function, and cardiovascular function, as well as growth hormone (GH) secretion. Ghrelin cells are believed to correspond morphologically to X/A-like cells whose products and functions have not yet been clarified. Identification of ghrelin cells in the stomach may contribute to the characterization of X/A-like cell function. Ghrelin is also present in the pancreatic islets and regulates insulin release, suggesting that ghrelin may play an important role in energy homeostasis. It is one of the major gut hormones and circulates through the bloodstream; however, ghrelin is thought to convey signals regulating GH release or feeding behavior and is transported to the brain via the vagal afferent system.
The relentless variability of Mrk 421 from the TeV to the radio (2021)

Context. The origin of the γ-ray emission of the blazar <ns0:ext-link ext-link-type="aoi">Mrk 421</ns0:ext-link> is still a matter of debate. Aims. We used 5.5 years of unbiased observing campaign data, obtained using the FACT telescope and the Fermi-LAT detector at TeV and GeV energies, the longest and densest so far, together with contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations, to characterise the variability of <ns0:ext-link ext-link-type="aoi">Mrk 421</ns0:ext-link> and to constrain the underlying physical mechanisms. Methods. We studied and correlated light curves obtained by ten different instruments and found two significant results. Results. The TeV and X-ray light curves are very well correlated with a lag of < 0.6 days. The GeV and radio (15 Ghz band) light curves are widely and strongly correlated. Variations of the GeV light curve lead those in the radio. Conclusions. Lepto-hadronic and purely hadronic models in the frame of shock acceleration predict proton acceleration or cooling timescales that are ruled out by the short variability timescales and delays observed in Mrk 421. Instead the observations match the predictions of leptonic models.
mRNA trans-splicing dual AAV vectors for (epi)genome editing and gene therapy (2023)

Abstract Large genes including several CRISPR-Cas modules, such as gene activators (CRISPRa), require dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for an efficient in vivo delivery and expression. Current dual AAV vector approaches have important limitations, e.g., low reconstitution efficiency, production of alien proteins, or low flexibility in split site selection. Here, we present a dual AAV vector technology based on re constitution v ia m R NA trans-splicing (REVeRT). REVeRT is flexible in split site selection and can efficiently reconstitute different split genes in numerous in vitro models, in human organoids, and in vivo . Furthermore, REVeRT can functionally reconstitute a CRISPRa module targeting genes in various mouse tissues and organs in single or multiplexed approaches upon different routes of administration. Finally, intravitreal supplementation of ABCA4 via REVeRT improves retinal degeneration and function in a mouse model of Stargardt disease. Due to its flexibility and efficiency REVeRT harbors great potential for basic research and clinical applications.
Combining deformable models and neural networks for handprinted digit recognition (1994)

In this thesis I develop a method for recognizing isolated handprinted digits using trainable deformable models. Each digit is modelled by a cubic B-spline whose basic shape is defined by the positions of the control points. A Gaussian distribution over displacements of the control points away from their home locations defines a probability distribution over shapes. The quality of the match of a spline model to an image is calculated as the likelihood of the data under a mixture of Gaussian ink generators placed along the length of the spline. Each spline model is adjusted to minimize an energy function that includes both the deformation energy of the model and the likelihood of the data, using a elastic matching procedure which is a generalization of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. I show that the matching procedure can be significantly speeded up by using a neural net to provide better starting points for the search.
The use of deformable models has a number of advantages. (1) After identifying the model most likely to have generated the data, the system not only produces a classification of the digit but also a rich description of the instantiation parameters. I have shown that these can be used to detect writing style consistency within a string of digits. (2) During the process of explaining the image, generative models can perform recognition-driven segmentation. (3) Unlike many other recognition schemes the method does not rely on some form of pre-normalization of input images, but can handle arbitrary scalings, translations and a limited degree of image rotation. The main disadvantage of the method is it requires much more computation than more standard optical character recognition techniques.
An inexpensive monocular vision system for tracking humans in industrial environments (2013)

We report on a novel vision-based method for reliable human detection from vehicles operating in industrial environments in the vicinity of workers. By exploiting the fact that reflective vests represent a standard safety equipment on most industrial worksites, we use a single camera system and active IR illumination to detect humans by identifying the reflective vest markers. Adopting a sparse feature based approach, we classify vest markers against other reflective material and perform supervised learning of the object distance based on local image descriptors. The integration of the resulting per-feature 3D position estimates in a particle filter finally allows to perform human tracking in conditions ranging from broad daylight to complete darkness.
OpenTestBed: Poor Man's IoT Testbed (2019)

Testbeds are a key tool for evaluating and benchmarking IoT solutions. Several public testbeds are being run by institutions around the world. These are built with a variety of tools, and are typically “heavy” installations with dedicated wiring, hard installations, switches, servers, and a reservation and experiment management back-end. To complement those, we have taken the opposite, minimalistic, approach in designing the OpenTestBed. The OpenTestBed features all the tools necessary to build a testbed from off-the-shelf components such as Raspberry Pi single-board computers, OpenMote B low-power wireless devices, and glass domes. Each TestBox in the testbed connects to an MQTT broker over WiFi, no dedicated wiring or back-end is needed. The Inria-Paris OpenTestBed testbed of 80 motes has cost only 9,480 euros, and is open-access. The OpenTestBed is a fully open-source and open-hardware project, which several institutions have already adopted.
High efficiency thin film silicon solar cell and module (2003)

An initial efficiency of 14.5% (Jsc=14.4mA/cm/sup 2/, Voc=1.41V, FF=71.9%) has been achieved for a-Si:H/transparent inter-layer/crystalline Si solar cell (total area of 1cm/sup 2/). Both a-Si and crystalline Si films were fabricated by plasma chemical vapor deposition at low temperature. The short circuit current (Jsc) was enhanced by the introduction of transparent interlayer without increasing the thickness of a-Si:H layer. An initial aperture efficiency of 12.3% has been achieved for 910/spl times/455mm/sup 2/ a-Si/crystalline Si thin film integrated solar cell module. Reasonably high deposition rate of 11 A/s for the deposition of crystalline Si for 1/spl times/1m/sup 2/ area has been achieved. By applying a deposition conditions of this high deposition rate, an initial aperture efficiency of 11.2% has been obtained above sized Si stacked solar cell module.
Invited Review: Do inflammatory mediators influence the contribution of airway smooth muscle contraction to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma? (2003)

It is now accepted that a host of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory mediators contributes to the development of nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Yet, relatively little is known about how inflammatory mediators might promote airway structural remodeling or about the molecular mechanisms by which they might exaggerate smooth muscle shortening as observed in asthmatic airways. Taking a deep inspiration, which provides relief of bronchodilation in normal subjects, is less effective in asthmatic subjects, and some have speculated that this deficiency stems directly from an abnormality of airway smooth muscle and results in airway hyperresponsiveness to constrictor agonists. Here, we consider some of the mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators might acutely or chronically induce changes in the contractile apparatus that in turn might contribute to hyperresponsive airways in asthma.
Verso un nuovo socialismo = Towards a New Socialism [Italian Translation] (2021)

No abstract available.
ASEE’s EDC K-12 Engineering Education Committee (2024)

The National Academy of Engineering has launched LinkEngineering, a new website to
The role of NMDA and mGluR5 receptors in calcium mobilization and neurotoxicity of homocysteine in trigeminal and cortical neurons and glial cells (2013)

Recent studies suggested contribution of homocysteine (HCY) to neurodegenerative disorders and migraine. However, HCY effect in the nociceptive system is essentially unknown. To explore the mechanism of HCY action, we studied short- and long-term effects of this amino acid on rat peripheral and central neurons. HCY induced intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in cultured trigeminal neurons and satellite glial cells (SGC), which were blocked by the NMDA antagonist AP-5 in neurons, but not in SGCs. In contrast, 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP), the metabotropic mGluR5 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 subtype) antagonist, preferentially inhibited Ca²⁺ transients in SGCs. Prolonged application of HCY induced apoptotic cell death of both kinds of trigeminal cells. The apoptosis was blocked by AP-5 or by the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP. Likewise, in cortical neurons, HCY-induced cell death was inhibited by AP-5 or MTEP. Imaging with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate or mitochondrial dye Rhodamine-123 as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay did not reveal involvement of oxidative stress in the action of HCY. Thus, elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺ by HCY in neurons is mediated by NMDA and mGluR5 receptors while SGC are activated through the mGluR5 subtype. Long-term neurotoxic effects in peripheral and central neurons involved both receptor types. Our data suggest glutamatergic mechanisms of HCY-induced sensitization and apoptosis of trigeminal nociceptors.
Recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults with congenital heart disease from the respective working groups of the European Society of Cardiology (2010)

This paper aims to provide information and explanations regarding the clinically relevant options, strengths, and limitations of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in relation to adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance can provide assessments of anatomical connections, biventricular function, myocardial viability, measurements of flow, angiography, and more, without ionizing radiation. It should be regarded as a necessary facility in a centre specializing in the care of adults with CHD. Also, those using CMR to investigate acquired heart disease should be able to recognize and evaluate previously unsuspected CHD such as septal defects, anomalously connected pulmonary veins, or double-chambered right ventricle. To realize its full potential and to avoid pitfalls, however, CMR of CHD requires training and experience. Appropriate pathophysiological understanding is needed to evaluate cardiovascular function after surgery for tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and after Fontan operations. For these and other complex CHD, CMR should be undertaken by specialists committed to long-term collaboration with the clinicians and surgeons managing the patients. We provide a table of CMR acquisition protocols in relation to CHD categories as a guide towards appropriate use of this uniquely versatile imaging modality.
Handling Seismic Anomalies in Multiple Segment Prospects - Explicit Modeling of Anomaly Indicator Correlation (2013)

Seismic anomalies such as a flat spot, conformance and AVO are now extensively used to de-risk exploration targets. The Bayesian Risk Modification (BRM) approach allows the exploration team to take into account in a rigorous statistical framework how an anomaly should boost the chance of success (COS) of an exploration target. It further provides a framework for assessing COS and resources for prospects with multiple targets with seismic anomalies. One problem with the current prospect assessment workflow, however, is that the approach relies on an assumption that the seismic anomaly indicators are independent across the different targets in the prospect. We present a new prospect-level BRM approach that extends the existing methodology by introducing a new parameter that captures the degree of correlation between the seismic anomalies on the targets in the prospect. We present the new methodology and we illustrate its application to a realistic exploration situation. We further provide guidelines about how this parameter should be set in an optimal way, and which are its implications when estimating the prospect COS. We conclude with a summary and a discussion.
Nucl ear power plant control considerations (1953)

THE development procedure for designing the control system for a nuclear power plant is basically the same procedure as for any other type of power plant. The presence of a nuclear reactor as a component in the system imposes many unusual design problems. The purpose of this article is to review general plant considerations affecting control system design, giving special emphasis to the features of reactor control.
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), scientific division: IFCC recommendation on sampling transport and storage for the determination of the concentration of ionized calcium in whole blood, plasma and serum. (1991)

The substance concentration of ionized calcium (cCa2+) in blood, plasma or serum preanalytically may be affected by pH changes of the sample, calcium binding by heparin, and dilution by the anticoagulant solution. pH changes in whole blood can be minimized by anaerobic sampling to avoid loss of CO2, by measuring as soon as possible or by storing the sample in iced water to avoid lactic acid formation. cCa2+ and pH should be determined simultaneously.
An Optimal Order of Factors for the Computational Treatment of Personal Anaphoric Devices in Urdu Discourse (2008)

Handling of human language by computer is a very intricate and complex task. In natural languages, sentences are usually part of discourse units just as words are part of sentences. Anaphora resolution plays a significant role in discourse analysis for chopping larger discourse units into smaller ones. This process is done for the purpose of better understanding and making easier the further processing of text by computer. This paper is focused on the discussion of various factors and their optimal order that play an important role in personal anaphora resolution in Urdu. Algorithms are developed that resolves pronominal anaphoric devices with 77-80% success rate. 1
학교법인 임시이사의 선임 및 권한에 관한 연구 (2012)

법인은 본질적으로 이사를 필요로 하므로 이사의 결원이 발생한 경우를 대비하여 민법과 마찬가지로 학교법인에 대하여 규율하고 있는 사립학교법도 마찬가지로 임시이사 제도를 두고 있다. 관할청은 일정한 사유가 있는 경우에는 이해관계인의 청구 또는 직권으로 조정위원회의 심의를 거쳐 임시이사를 선임하여야 한다. 이러한 임시이사의 선임에 관할청의 상당한 재량의 여지가 인정되는데 임시이사의 선임은 학교법인의 자주성을 침해하는 것이라는 점에서 임시이사 선임사유는 엄격하고 제한적으로 판단되어야 한다. 한편 선임된 임시이사의 권한에 대하여 사립학교법에는 특별히 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 민법상의 임시이사와는 달리 제한적인 권한만을 가지는 것으로 해석하는 견해가 있는데, 학교법인의 임시이사가 제한적인 권한만을 가지는 것은 오히려 법인의 정상화에 장해가 될 수 있고 학교법인의 발전에도 도움이 되지 않는다. 정상적인 학교법인의 운영과 발전을 도모하고 신속한 학교법인의 정상화를 위해서는 민법상의 임시이사와 마찬가지로 학교법인의 임시이사도 정이사와 동일한 권한을 가지는 것으로 해석할 필요가 있다.
Practical Applications of the Kramers–Kronig Relations (1991)

A technique is presented for using the Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations to evaluate the consistency of impedance data that do not exhibit a DC limit. The approach presented here differs from current algorithms because extrapolation of experimental data, required to evaluate the integral relations, is achieved without the assumption of an equivalent circuit and without extrapolation of polynomial fits of the available data. The impedance values below the lowest measured frequency ωmin are calculated, which would “force” the available data to satisfy the KK relations. Consistent data set have been shown to yield calculated impedance values which are finite and continuous with the experimental data at ωmin. Discontinuities between the caicuiated impedance and the experimental data set can be attributed to violation of one or more conditions of the KK relations. The proposed algorithm is applied to experimental impedance data obtained for a metal hydride electrode and a rotating copper-disk electrode. The technique is shown to be sensitive for testing violations of the stability condition and is used to identify a lower frequency bound for data that satisfy the KK relations. The implications to equivalent circuit fitting procedures and to the estimation of the polarization resistance are discussed.
A novel model for the induction of postnatal murine hip deformity (2018)

Abstract Acetabular dysplasia is a recognized cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). A paucity of animal models exists to investigate structural and functional changes that mediate morphology of the dysplastic hip and drive the subsequent arthritic cascade. Utilizing a novel murine model, this study investigated the role of surgically-induced unilateral instability of the postnatal hip on the initiation and progression of acetabular dysplasia and impingement up to 8-weeks post-injury. Specifically, C57BL6 mice were used to develop titrated levels of hip instability (mild, moderate, severe, and femoral head removal) at 3-weeks of age, a critical time for hip maturation. Joint shape, acetabular coverage, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and statistical shape modeling were used to assess overall quality of joint health and three-dimensional hip shape following 8 weeks of titrated destabilization. This titrated approach included mild, moderate, severe, and complete instability via surgical destabilization of the murine hip. Acetabular coverage was reduced following severe, but not moderate, instability. Moderate instability induced lateralization of the femoral head without dislocation, whereas severe instability led to complete dislocation and formation of pseudoacetabula. Mild instability did not result in statistically significant morphological changes to the hip. Complete destabilization via femoral head removal led to reduced joint space volume and reduced bone volume ratio in the remnant proximal femur. Collectively, these results support the notion that hip instability, driven by loss of function, leads to morphometric changes in the maturing mouse hip. This model could be useful for future studies investigating the mechanical and cellular adaptations to hip instability during maturation.
Wound Healing Is Not Impaired in Rats Undergoing Perioperative Treatment with the Antineoplastic Agent Taurolidine (2008)

Our results suggest that wound healing does not seem to be impaired by TRD in rats.
Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Parthenocarpic Germplasms in Cucumber (2022)

Parthenocarpy is an important agronomic trait in cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) production. However, the systematic identification of parthenocarpic germplasms from national gene banks for cucumber improvement remains an international challenge. In this study, 201 cucumber lines were investigated, including different ecotypes. The percentages of parthenocarpic fruit set (PFS) and parthenocarpic fruit expansion (PFE) were evaluated in three experiments. In natural populations, the PFS rates fit a normal distribution, while PFE rates showed a skewed distribution, suggesting that both PFS and PFE rates are typical quantitative traits. Genetic analysis showed that parthenocarpy in different ecotypes was inherited in a similar incompletely dominant manner. A total of 5324 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with parthenocarpy were detected in a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of parthenocarpy in the 31 cucumber lines, from which six parthenocarpic loci, including two novel loci (Pfs1.1 and Pfs4.1), were identified. Consequently, fifteen of the elite lines that were screened presented relatively stronger parthenocarpy ability (PFS > 90%, PFE > 50%), among which six cucumber lines (18007s, 18008s, 18022s, 18076s, 18099s, and 18127s) exhibited weak first-fruit inhibition. Three lines (18011s, 18018s, and 18019s) were screened for super ovary parthenocarpy, which showed more attractive performance. Four low-temperature-enhanced parthenocarpy lines (18018s, 18022s, 18029s, and 18012s) were identified, which were suited for breeding for counter-season production. Our approaches could help increase efficiency and lead to parthenocarpy improvements for modern cucumber cultivars.
Dynamic Punch Shear Characterization of Woven Graphite/Epoxy Laminates (2003)

In many situations, composite structures are subjected to dynamic loading. To design such structures, there is a need of dynamic material properties. In the current investigations, a compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar was modified to load the samples in punch shear mode. Experimental studies were conducted to characterize 24 layer woven graphite/epoxy laminate samples. Laminates were manufactured using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding process with two types of fabric architecture: plain and 8-harness satin weave. Samples of nominal size 26 mm × 13 mm × 4 mm were subjected to dynamic punch shear tests at three different pressure settings that yielded strain rates in the range of 1200–3400/s. Results of the tests indicate that the dynamic shear strength increases with increase with the strain rate for both types of laminates. Plain weave graphite/epoxy laminates yielded higher shear strength as compared to satin weave graphite/epoxy laminates due to higher crimp angle.