gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage Characterization for a Solid Propellant by an Energetic Approach (1992)

An experimental approach is proposed to provide a damage variable for solid rocket propellant. This technique employs cyclic tests to measure an energetic quantity which fulfills the necessary cumulative properties. Basically, the proposed damage variable is defined from measuring the irreversible energy loss, which is dissipated in the dewetting process of particles from the elastomeric binder. Supported by experiments of this latter material in bulk, it is suspected that the macroscopic viscoelastic behavior is induced by a time-dependent local fracture process of the interface.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR OF (S)‐ASPARAGINE AND (S)‐GLUTAMINE IN MIXED ETHYLENEDIAMINE COMPLEXES OF THE TYPES (CO(EN)2(AB))2+ AND (CO(EN)(AB)2)+ (1982)

Abstract Durch Reaktion einer wäßrigen Lösung von trans‐Dichloro‐bis‐[ethylendiamin]‐cobaltchlorid mit den Aminosäuren in Gegenwart von NaOH bei 50°C wurden die Titelkomplexe (I) dargestellt und chromatographisch getrennt.
Polar Attributes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy of erbium implanted gallium nitride (1997)

Results of a photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) study of Er implanted GaN are presented. Upon optical excitation at 325 and 488 nm, we observed strong 1.54 μm Er3+ PL which remained temperature stable from 15 to 550 K. At 550 K, the integrated PL intensity decreased by ∼10% for above gap excitation (λex=325 nm) and ∼50% for below gap excitation (λex=488 nm) relative to its value at 15 K. The excellent temperature stability makes GaN:Er very attractive for high temperature optoelectronic device applications. PLE measurements were conducted to gain insight into the Er3+ excitation mechanisms in the GaN host. The PLE results show that Er3+ can be excited continuously over a broad wavelength region spanning from 425 to 680 nm. In addition, sharp PLE features were observed at approximately 495, 525, 553, 651, and 980 nm. The PLE spectrum suggests that optically active Er3+ ions can be excited either through carrier-mediated processes involving defects in the host or through resonant pumping into Er3+ 4f energy levels. With respect to these two excitation schemes, distinct Er3+ PL properties were observed for resonant and off-resonant Er3+ excitation indicating the presence of different subsets of Er3+ ions in GaN.
Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: A Causal and Protective Factor (2002)

Although heavy alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, light to moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality. These benefits have been found in both men and women who consume as little as one to six alcoholic beverages per week regardless of whether the source is wine, beer, or liquor. Further, apparent benefits include a reduced risk for the development of peripheral arterial disease, ischemic stroke, sudden cardiac death, and angina. Even small amounts of alcohol have been associated with increases in blood pressure and increased risks of some cancers, especially breast. The difference between consuming light to moderate and heavy amounts of alcohol may mean the difference between preventing and causing premature death for all causes, especially coronary heart disease.
Corrosion Performance of Nickel Alloys in Dilute Hydrochloric and Sulfuric Acids near and above Boiling Point (2013)

Abstract Wrought, corrosion-resistant nickel alloys offer excellent resistance to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Of particular interest in this paper is the corrosion performance of various nickel-chromium-molybdenum and nickel-molybdenum alloys in low concentrations of these acids near and above their boiling points. In this work, the corrosion resistance of UNS(1) N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10276, UNS N10675, and UNS N10362 was studied in nitrogenated solutions of 1 to 5% HCl and 1 to 5% H2SO4. The goal of this test program is to identify conditions resulting in corrosion rates close to 0.5 mm/y, the accepted maximum for industrial use. Based on the available data, an attempt was made to draw iso-corrosion lines of 0.5 mm/y for selected alloys in the range 1 to 5% HCl and H2SO4. Additionally, the corrosion performance of selected alloys (UNS N10362, N06200, and N10675) was SEM/EDS analysis was conducted on alloys that formed thick protective films at high temperatures, and efforts were made to correlate corrosion rates with the types of films developed.
Changes in human EEG caused by low level modulated microwave stimulation (2004)

This study focuses on the effect of low level microwave radiation on human EEG alpha and theta rhythms. During the experiment, 20 healthy volunteers were exposed to a 450 MHz microwaves with 7 Hz on-off modulation. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW/cm2. Signals from the following EEG channels were used: FP1, FP2, P3, P4, T3, T4, O1, and O2. The experimental protocol consisted of one cycle of short term photic and ten cycles of the repetitive microwave stimulation. The changes caused by photic as well as microwave stimulation were more regular on the alpha rhythm. In the majority of cases, photic stimulation caused changes in the EEG energy level in the occipital and microwave stimulation in the frontal region. Our experimental results demonstrated that microwave stimulation effects became apparent, starting from the third stimulation cycle. Changes varied strongly from subject to subject. Therefore, photic and microwave exposure did not cause statistically significant changes in the EEG activity level for the whole group. For some subjects, clear tendencies of changes in microwave on-off cycles were noticeable.
Panel of Markers Can Accurately Predict Endometriosis in a Subset of Patients (2008)

Because imaging methods are unreliable for diagnosing or staging endometriosis, a definitive diagnosis requires surgery. The fact that the disease produces a local, and probably also a systemic, inflammatory process raises the possibility that a combination of inflammatory markers and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) could make up a multiple-marker screening test for endometriosis. This possibility was tested in a case-control study of women of reproductive age having laparoscopy for a variety of reasons. Marker levels were compared in 63 women with operatively confirmed stage II-IV endometriosis and 78 others who were found surgically not to have the disease. The putative markers, estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, were interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, interferon-β, leptin, and CA-125. The diagnostic performance of each of the 6 cytokines individually and of CA-125, based on receiver operating characteristic curves, was poor. After eliminating interferon-γ because levels were below the assay’s limit for detection, there was marked overlap in concentrations of the other 6 markers between the 2 study groups. The only markers whose levels were significantly higher in women with endometriosis were CA-125 and leptin. Evaluation of combinations of markers by classification tree analysis showed that a 3-marker panel of CA-125, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and leptin predicted the presence of endometriosis in 51% of participants with 89% accuracy. Adding a fourth marker, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, diagnosed 48% of subjects with 93% accuracy. Using markers will not diagnose all patients as having, or not having, endometriosis, but disease status can be predicted with high accuracy in a substantial number of them, making diagnostic surgery unnecessary. The investigators believe that marker estimates will be an efficient adjunct to the work-up of patients suspected of having endometriosis.
Signal Amplification Strategy Based on TiO2‐Nanotube Layers and Nanobeads Carrying Quantum Dots for Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensors (2013)

Self-organized TiO2-nanotube layers can be used for immunoassay-type sensing in combination with amplifying CdTe labels in a direct and very sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) configuration. Key properties for this method are the conductivity of the TiO2 nanotubes, and their transparency for light emitted from the CdTe labels at approximately 2.4 eV. To demonstrate the potential of this platform, we constructed a sandwich-type immunoassay onto the TiO2-nanotube wall with a layer of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane as the cross-linker for antibody immobilization. For the counter part of the sandwich, we created an amplification system consisting of TiO2 nanobeads carrying the secondary antibody and multiple CdTe quantum dots (multiQD). For antigen (IgG) detection, we find that this combination of 3D transparent electrode with multiQD labels allows for an ECL detection limit of 0.05 pg mL(-1) and a linearity of the signal in the range of 0.1-10(8) pg mL(-1).
Flat refractive geometry (2008)

While the study of geometry has mainly concentrated on single-viewpoint (SVP) cameras, there is growing attention to more general non-SVP systems. Here we study an important class of systems that inherently have a non-SVP: a perspective camera imaging through an interface into a medium. Such systems are ubiquitous: they are common when looking into water-based environments. The paper analyzes the common flat-interface class of systems. It characterizes the locus of the viewpoints (caustic) of this class, and proves that the SVP model is invalid in it. This may explain geometrical errors encountered in prior studies. Our physics-based model is parameterized by the distance of the lens from the medium interface, beside the focal length. The physical parameters are calibrated by a simple approach that can be based on a single-frame. This directly determines the system geometry. The calibration is then used to compensate for modeled system distortion. Based on this model, geometrical measurements of objects are significantly more accurate, than if based on an SVP model. This is demonstrated in real-world experiments.
Influence of Interfacial Tension on Seeded Calcium Carbonate Scale Precipitation: Effect of Adsorbed Asphaltenes (2008)

Clay particles with adsorbed asphaltenes, which are commonly found in produced water, have been used as seed particles during precipitation of calcium carbonate in order to determine whether such particles may influence the kinetics of precipitation. The results show that the presence of the adsorbed asphaltenes accelerates the precipitation, and there is also a significant difference between different types of adsorbed asphaltenes. The adsorption of asphaltenes at the seed surface leads to a significant increase in the interfacial tension between the seed surface and the aqueous solution, and calcium carbonate therefore precipitates at the seed surface in order to reduce this high interfacial tension.
Nuclear Factor-κB Dysregulation and α-Synuclein Pathology: Critical Interplay in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease (2020)

The loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system underlies the onset of the typical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN), proteinaceous inclusions mainly composed of insoluble α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils are key neuropathological hallmarks of the brain of affected patients. Compelling evidence supports that in the early prodromal phases of PD, synaptic terminal and axonal alterations initiate and drive a retrograde degeneration process culminating with the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. This notwithstanding, the molecular triggers remain to be fully elucidated. Although it has been shown that α-syn fibrillary aggregation can induce early synaptic and axonal impairment and cause nigrostriatal degeneration, we still ignore how and why α-syn fibrillation begins. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors, key regulators of inflammation and apoptosis, are involved in the brain programming of systemic aging as well as in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The NF-κB family of factors consists of five different subunits (c-Rel, p65/RelA, p50, RelB, and p52), which combine to form transcriptionally active dimers. Different findings point out a role of RelA in PD. Interestingly, the nuclear content of RelA is abnormally increased in nigral dopamine (DA) neurons and glial cells of PD patients. Inhibition of RelA exert neuroprotection against (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) MPTP and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity, suggesting that this factor decreases neuronal resilience. Conversely, the c-Rel subunit can exert neuroprotective actions. We recently described that mice deficient for c-Rel develop a PD-like motor and non-motor phenotype characterized by progressive brain α-syn accumulation and early synaptic changes preceding the frank loss of nigrostriatal neurons. This evidence supports that dysregulations in this transcription factors may be involved in the onset of PD. This review highlights observations supporting a possible interplay between NF-κB dysregulation and α-syn pathology in PD, with the aim to disclose novel potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Review of Heat Pump Tumble Clothes Dryer Energy Efficiency and Related Technologies (2021)

As energy constraints and consumption in the world increase, it is important to investigate all areas of technology for improvement. In the residential building sector, clothes drying is a significant consumer of energy accounting for 6% of residential electricity in the U.S. (EPA, 2011). Heat pump technology has become increasingly popular for residential tumble clothes dryers. This paper presents a detailed review of heat pump tumble dryer research covering technologies for air conditioning waste heat recovery, recuperative heat exchangers, system modeling, and control optimization. Additional technologies related more broadly to vapor compression cycle enhancement are also reviewed, including alternative working fluids, variable-capacity systems, and component technologies. Future areas for research are identified to enable the next generation of heat pump dryer energy efficiency.
Generation of hierarchical pore systems in the titanosilicate ETS-10 by hydrogen peroxide treatment under microwave irradiation (2006)

Supermicropores and well-defined mesopores with an average size of 10 nm were created in ETS-10 structure by post-synthesis treatment with H2O2 under microwave irradiation. Macropores were also formed and the external surface area of the material was increased during the treatment.
An Efficient Auction Based TATKAL Scheme for Indian Railway (2010)

Indian Railways have one of the biggest infrastructures in terms of number of Express trains run per day across cities . It is comparable to any railways in the world. For each Express train there is a "TATKAL" scheme that reserves few seats on emergency basis. In the existing scheme for each seat a ticket is issued after charging a fixed price. However, for different distance different fixed price is charged. The allocation of tickets are purely based on the first-come-first-serve basis. But from our experience we have seen that the urgency of a person standing in the queue may be much more than any other person in front of him and that person is ready to pay a higher price than the fixed one to get the ticket, in case the tickets are exhausted before his turn coming. So, since the Indian railways charge a fixed price, they lose a significantly large amount of revenue as a considerable number of travelers may be willing to pay a much higher price than the fixed price for an assured reservation. In this paper we have proposed an auction based truthful mechanism for selling some tickets of TATKAL scheme and have shown that our auction based scheme is significantly better than the existing scheme in terms of the total income earned per annum. Our scheme could be applied in any railway system.
Giant anisotropic spin splitting in epitaxial graphene (2010)

Our recently reported spin and angular resolved photoemission (SARPES) results on an epitaxial graphene monolayer on SiC(0001) suggested the presence of a large Rashba-type spin splitting of \Delta k=(0.030+-0.005)1/A [1]. Although this value was orders of magnitude larger than predicted theoretically, it could be reconciled with the line width found in conventional spin-integrated high resolution angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data. Here we present novel measurements for a hydrogen intercalated quasi free-standing graphene monolayer on SiC(0001) that reveal a spin polarization signal that - when interpreted in terms of the Rashba-Bychkov effect [2,3] - corresponds to a spin splitting of \Delta k=(0.024+-0.005)1/A. This splitting is significantly larger than the half width at half maximum of spin-integrated high resolution ARPES measurements which is a strong indication that the measured polarization signal does not originate from a Rashba-type spin splitting of the graphene pi-bands as we suggested in our previous report [1].
Impact of consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Analysis of CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). (2017)

3511 Background: CALGB 80405 was a randomized Ph3 trial showing no OS or PFS difference in mCRC pts treated with Bevacizumab (BV) or Cetuximab (Cet) in the first line. A Nanostring platform was used to determine the CMS classification of 392 KRAS wt (codon 12 and 13) primary tumors and correlated it with OS and PFS in patients enrolled in 80405. Methods: CMS for 392 of 431tumors were defined using a custom CRC Nanostring panel (39 CMS classification not possible). Stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the effect of CMS classification stratified by prior radiation, prior chemotherapy, adjusting for age, sex, race, primary in place, liver met only, and sidedness. Results: We found CMS1 (14%), CMS2 (47%), CMS3 (2%), CMS4 (29%), NonConsensus (8%). Results are shown in Table 1. Patients with CMS1 who received BV had significantly longer OS than those who received Cet (HR 0.47, 95% CI [0.24, 0.92]). Patients with CMS2 who received BV tended to have shorter OS than those who received Cet (HR 1.41, CI [0.95, 2.08]). Conclusions: Our data suggest that CMS is associated with OS and PFS in first line therapy in mCRC patients. Preliminary data suggest that certain CMS may be associated with efficacy of Bev and Cet based chemotherapy. CMS classification should be explored as a stratification factor in future trials. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180830, U10CA180882 Clinical trial information: NCT00265850. [Table: see text]
Probing the Role of the DXDD Motif in Class II Diterpene Cyclases (2007)

On common ground. An epoxy analogue of geranylgeranyl diphosphate was used together with site-directed mutagenesis to provide evidence that the DXDD motif in class II diterpene cyclases is involved in CC double-bond protonation (see scheme). This function is similar to the role of the DXDD motif found in the otherwise unrelated triterpene cyclases, which also catalyze CC protonation initiated cyclization.
Ion Partition Detected in Homeopathically Manufactured Medicine Cuprum metallicum and Controls (2022)

Background: Homeopathy is highly controversial. The main reason for this is its use of very highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP), diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Research using Nano Tracking Analysis has demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs. This study aims to verify the results of a previous publication that identified the ionic composition of these particles in all dilutions. Methods: We used Scanning Electron Microscopy &amp; Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine dilutions of a commonly used homeopathic medicine, an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, for the presence of particles (NPs). The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations of copper with simple dilutions and dynamized lactose controls. Results: We observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs but also significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between manufacturing lines of homeopathic copper and lactose controls. The probability that the observed differences could have occurred chance alone (especially above Avogadro limit) can be rejected at p &lt; 0.001. The essential component of these homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate, modulated by some other elements and by its quantity, size and shape. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicines made of Cuprum metallicum do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations of a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature of these NPs. Further measurements are needed on other raw materials using the same controls (solvent and simply diluted manufacturing lines) to support these findings. The role of sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future.
Managing peak demand using direct load monitoring and control (2013)

The cost of catering for peak loads has caused electricity prices to double in Australia over the last five years. This paper discusses: Load profile optimisation through demand side energy management and power brokering; matching power companies imperative needs of reduced peak demand and flattened load profile with user's expectations of lower costs and higher service level; implementing demand response using smart appliances with an emphasis on methods and equipment needed for load monitoring and control, including measurement and identification of individual loads by both intrusive and non-intrusive methods. This approach reduces the need for new network investment while also reducing consumer's costs and allowing them some say in when and what can and can't be controlled.