gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Sjögren's Syndrome (1987)

Sjögren's syndrome, a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder (Shoenfeld and Schwartz, 1984; Smith and Steinberg, 1983), is characterized by diminished lacrimal and salivary gland secretion (sicca complex), resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and xerostomia. As originally described, the syndrome consisted of a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and rheumatoid arthritis. We now know that other connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis) may be present in place of rheumatoid arthritis, and that the sicca complex can exist as a primary pathologic entity with no associated disorder (Strand and Talal, 1980; Talal, 1985). Moreover, generalized lymphoproliferation, pseudolymphoma, or even lymphoid malignancy may appear in some patients (Talal and Bunim, 1964; Talal et al., 1967). More than 90% of patients are women, with a mean age of 50 years at diagnosis. The disease occurs in all races and all ages.
Electronic structure and absorption spectra of yttrium quinaldinates with an island and polymer structure (2011)

The electronic absorption spectra and electronic structure of yttrium quinaldinates with an island and polymer structure were studied. A comparative analysis of the energies of the singlet and triplet excited states, the total energies of complex compounds in the ground state, and Mulliken’s bond overlap populations was performed by the TD-DFT method with the B3LYP density functional. For yttrium quinaldinate with a polymer structure, the distance between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals was found to be longer than for the compound with an island structure. The transition energies were shifted to the blue region, which accounts for the higher stability of the polymer compound.
2P1-A08 Robotic Catapult based on Spatial Closed Elastica (2007)

In this paper, we propose a robotic catapult based on spatial closed elastica which generates spatial impulsive motions. The spatial impulsive motion of the catapult is obtained by not only bending but also twisting the long elastic plate. We show a serial chain approximation model of the continuum catapult in order to understand the phenomenon in 3-dimensional space.
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Multi-relational mining (2005)

The 4th International Workshop on Multi-Relational Data Mining (MRDM- 2005) was held in Chicago, Illinois, USA, on August 21, 2005, as a part of the Eleventh ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-2005).
Fast Pyrolysis of Rice Husk in a Fluidized Bed: Effects of the Gas Atmosphere and Catalyst on Bio-oil with a Relatively Low Content of Oxygen (2011)

The pyrolysis of rice husk is carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effects of pyrolysis parameters, i.e., gas atmosphere and catalyst, on the carbon conversion of rice husk and composition of bio-oils are studied. The experiments with catalysts under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce bio-oils with a much lower oxygen content compared to those under a nitrogen atmosphere are performed. The results show that the oxygen content of bio-oils is markedly reduced because the oxygenated hydrocarbons are hydrocracked, resulting in the formation of H2O, CO, and CO2, when catalysts are introduced under a nitrogen atmosphere and decreases even more under a hydrogen gas atmosphere (hydropyrolysis). The oxygen content of bio-oil under a hydrogen atmosphere decreases from over 31.1% without a catalyst to 25.91, 20.51, 26.51, and 10.1% with Ni/Al2O3, Ni/LY, dolomite, and CoMo/Al2O3, respectively. The use of CoMo/Al2O3 and Ni/LY catalysts under a hydrogen atmosphere shows high activity to decrease the oxygen content, which leads to a higher heating value and more aromatic hydrocarbons. These experiments indicate that catalytic hydropyrolysis is suitable for producing bio-oils with a lower molecular weight and high aromatic hydrocarbons, which are possible to use as a potential liquid fuel and chemical feedstock.
A pair of light signaling factors FHY3 and FAR1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis (2015)

Light and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling HEMB1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we reveal that FHY3 and FAR1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. We showed that the fhy3 far1 double null mutant displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid (SA) and increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathogen infection. Microarray analysis revealed that a large proportion of pathogen-related genes, particularly genes encoding nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domain resistant proteins, are highly induced in fhy3 far1. Genetic studies indicated that the defects of fhy3 far1 can be largely rescued by reducing SA signaling or blocking SA accumulation, and by overexpression of HEMB1, which encodes a 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we found that transgenic plants with reduced expression of HEMB1 exhibit a phenotype similar to fhy3 far1. Taken together, this study demonstrates an important role of FHY3 and FAR1 in regulating plant immunity, through integrating chlorophyll biosynthesis and the SA signaling pathway.
On the Sum of the Reciprocals of the Fermat Numbers and Related Irrationalities (1963)

In (1), P. Erdös showed that the function takes on irrational values whenever z = 1/ t , t = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , . . . . The method of proof uses Lambert's identity, where d ( n ) is the number of divisors of n ; and it is shown that
CDX2 regulates multiple trophoblast genes in bovine trophectoderm CT‐1 cells (2013)

The bovine trophectoderm (TE) undergoes a dramatic morphogenetic transition prior to uterine endometrial attachment. Many studies have documented trophoblast-specific gene expression profiles at various pre-attachment stages, yet genetic interactions within the transitioning TE gene regulatory network are not well characterized. During bovine embryogenesis, transcription factors OCT4 and CDX2 are co-expressed during early trophoblast elongation. In this study, the bovine trophectoderm-derived CT-1 cell line was utilized as a genetic model to examine the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the bovine trophoblast gene regulatory network. An RT-PCR screen for TE-lineage transcription factors identified expression of CDX2, ERRB, ID2, SOX15, ELF5, HAND1, and ASCL2. CT-1 cells also express a nuclear-localized, 360 amino acid OCT4 ortholog of the pluripotency-specific human OCT4A. To delineate the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the CT-1 gene network, CDX2 and OCT4 levels were manipulated via overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown. An increase in CDX2 negatively regulated OCT4 expression, but increased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, SOX15, and ELF5. A reduction of CDX2 levels exhibited a reciprocal effect, resulting in decreased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, and SOX15. Both overexpression and knockdown of CDX2 increased ETS2 transcription. In contrast to CDX2, manipulation of OCT4 levels only revealed a positive autoregulatory mechanism and upregulation of ASCL2. Together, these results suggest that CDX2 is a core regulator of multiple trophoblast genes within CT-1 cells.
Scaling of accelerating gradients and dephasing effects in channel-guided laser wakefield accelerators (2000)

Future wakefield accelerator (LWFA) experiments are expected to operate in the short pulse resonant regime and employ some form of laser guiding, such as a preformed plasma channel. Performance of an LWFA may be characterized by the maximum axial electric field E/sub m/, the dephasing length L/sub d/, and the corresponding dephasing limited energy gain W/sub d/. Dephasing is characterized by the normalized phase slippage rate /spl Delta//spl beta//sub p/, of the wakefield relative to a particle moving at the velocity of light. This paper presents analytical models for all of these quantities and compares them with results from simulations of channel-guided LWFAs. The simulations generally confirm the scaling predicted by the analytical models, agreeing within a few percent in most cases. The results show that with the proper choice of laser and channel parameters, the pulse will propagate at a nearly constant spot size r/sub M/ over many Rayleigh lengths and generate large accelerating electric fields. The spot size correction to the slippage rate is shown to be important in the LWFA regime, whereas /spl Delta//spl beta//sub p/, is essentially independent of laser intensity. An example is presented of a 25-TW, 100-fs laser pulse that produces a dephasing limited energy gain in excess of 1 GeV.
Digital hardware projects: A new tool for automated complexity analysis (2013)

This papers introduces a new tool for an automated complexity analysis of digital hardware projects. This analytical tool parses hardware implementations written in VHDL and calculates their complexity. The design entropy is used as a complexity metric. This allows to obtain complexity figures of hardware projects, useful for developers as well as project managers.
Low threshold current density operation of GaInNAsquantum well lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapourdeposition (2000)

A metal organic chemical vapour deposition grown GaInNAs quantum well laser emitting at 1.25 µm is reported. The lowest threshold current density obtained by 50 µm wide stripe lasers was 340 A/cm2 for a cavity length of 1420 µm, which is almost comparable to the lowest value reported for GaInNAs lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The threshold current density per well was 170 A/cm2, which is the lowest threshold value reported to date.
An Integrated Probabilistic Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Estimation (2014)

Estimating lithium-ion battery remaining useful life (RUL) is a key issue in an intelligent battery management system. This paper presents an integrated prognostic approach that unifies two types of health indices (HIs), battery capacity and time interval of equal discharging voltage difference series, to perform direct and indirect RUL estimation for lithium-ion battery. To satisfy different practical requirements, a data-driven monotonic echo state networks (MONESNs) algorithm is adopted to track the nonlinear patterns of battery degradation. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) to enhance the predictive capability of each HI and identify its failure threshold by implementing an HI correlation model and cycle life threshold transformation and 2) to increase the computational stability of the proposed approach through the ensemble of MONESN submodels that can also describe the prognostic uncertainty. Essentially, this approach constitutes a probabilistic integration and data-driven prognostic framework with uncertainty management capability. Two sets of industrial lithium-ion battery data are used to show the capability of the proposed approach. It is expected that this approach can be broadly applied to other application areas, where data-driven prognostic approaches are needed.
Calculational Study of the Protonation of BXH2 and BX2H (X = F and Cl). Structures of BXH3+ and BX2H2+ and Their Dihydrogen Complexes BXH5+ and BX2H4+ 1 (2001)

Ab initio calculations on monoprotonated BFH2 indicate that the B−H protonated 1a is 9.7 kcal/mol more stable than the F-protonated 1b. Thus the bonded electron pair of the B−H bond is a better donor than the nonbonded fluorine electron pair in BFH2.
Subunit Vaccines Using TLR Triagonist Combination Adjuvants Provide Protection Against Coxiella burnetii While Minimizing Reactogenic Responses (2021)

Q fever is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, a designated potential agent of bioterrorism because of its route of transmission, resistance to disinfectants, and low infectious dose. The only vaccine licensed for human use is Q-VAX<sup>®</sup> (Seqirus, licensed in Australia), a formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine, which produces severe local and systemic reactogenic responses in previously sensitized individuals. Accordingly, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory bodies around the world, have been reluctant to approve Q-VAX for widespread use. To obviate these adverse reactions, we prepared recombinant protein subunit vaccine candidates containing purified CBU1910, CBU0307, CBU0545, CBU0612, CBU0891, and CBU1398 proteins and TLR triagonist adjuvants. TLR triagonist adjuvants combine different TLR agonists to enhance immune responses to vaccine antigens. We tested both the protective efficacy and reactogenicity of our vaccine candidates in Hartley guinea pigs using intratracheal infection with live <i>C. burnetii</i>. While all of our candidates showed varying degrees of protection during challenge, local reactogenic responses were significantly reduced for one of our vaccine candidates when compared with a formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine. Our findings show that subunit vaccines combined with novel TLR triagonist adjuvants can generate protective immunity to <i>C. burnetii</i> infection while reducing reactogenic responses.
Application of Mass Spectrometry to Study Proteomics and Interactomics in Cystic Fibrosis (2011)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) does not function in isolation, but rather in a complex network of protein-protein interactions that dictate the physiology of a healthy cell and tissue and, when defective, the pathophysiology characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. To begin to address the organization and operation of the extensive cystic fibrosis protein network dictated by simultaneous and sequential interactions, it will be necessary to understand the global protein environment (the proteome) in which CFTR functions in the cell and the local network that dictates CFTR folding, trafficking, and function at the cell surface. Emerging mass spectrometry (MS) technologies and methodologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to fully characterize both the proteome and the protein interactions directing normal CFTR function and to define what goes wrong in disease. Below we provide the CF investigator with a general introduction to the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry technologies and methodologies with the goal of inspiring further application of these technologies for development of a basic understanding of the disease and for the identification of novel pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention in the clinic.
<title>Robust optimization solution to the data hiding problem using distributed source coding principles</title> (2000)

Inspired by a recently proposed constructive framework for the distributed source coding problem, we propose a powerful constructive approach to the watermarking problem, emphasizing the dual roles of 'source codes' and 'channel codes.' In our framework, we explore various source and channel codes to achieve watermarks that are robust to attackers in terms of maximizing the distortion between the corrupted coded-source signal and the original signal while holding the distortion between the coded-source signal and the original signal constant. We solve the resulting combinatorial optimization problem using an original technique based on robust optimization and convex programming.
Studies toward the Discovery of the Next Generation of Antidepressants. 3. Dual 5-HT1Aand Serotonin Transporter Affinity within a Class ofN-Aryloxyethylindolylalkylamines (2004)

N-aryloxylethylindolealkylamines (5) having dual 5-HT transporter and 5-HT(1A) affinity are described. These compounds represent truncated analogues of our previously reported piperidinyl derivatives (3). Compounds in this investigation were found to have more similar affinities and functional activities for the 5-HT(1A) receptor and 5-HT transporter. Though 5-HT(1A) antagonism is not consistently observed throughout series 5, several molecular features were found to be essential to obtain high and balanced activities. The proper placement of a heteroatom in the aryl ring and the length of the linkage used to tether the indole moiety had significant influence on 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT transporter affinities. Introduction of a halogen into the aryl ring usually lowered intrinsic activity and in some cases led to full 5-HT(1A) antagonists. Compounds 33 and 34 were observed to be full 5-HT(1A) antagonists with K(i) values of approximately 30 nM for the 5-HT(1A) receptor and K(i) values of 5 and 0.5 nM for the 5-HT transporter, respectively. Unfortunately, similar to our previous series (3), compounds in this report also had high affinity for the alpha(1) receptor.
Determination of trace nitrobenzene in small aqueous samples used liquid-liquid micro-extraction and gas chromatographic methods (2001)

A method for determination of trace nitrobenzene in small aqueous samples has been developed Based on the improvement of extraction method and use of FID and a DB 1 capillary column of wide bore, organic phase needed not to be dried and extraction and sampling can be accomplished simultaneously by a 10mL graduated flask and a self made glass pipette The column efficiency and the detector sensitivity were enhanced using a column temperature program and solvent effect The detection limit of 0 5μg/L can be obtained with a 10mL water sample The recovery and relative standard deviation are more than 95% and less than 4%, respectively
Mobility management architectures based on joint mobile IP and SIP protocols (2006)

In the all-IP wireless networks beyond the third generation, mobility management can be effectively achieved by applying mobile IP (MIP) and the session initiation protocol (SIP) jointly. Nevertheless, an efficient combination of both protocols remains an open research issue. Conventional hybrid MIP-SIP mobility architectures operate MIP and SIP almost independently, resulting in significant redundant costs. This article investigates the representative hybrid MIP-SIP architectures and explores the joint optimizations between MIP and SIP for a more cost-efficient mobility support whilst utilizing their complementary power. Two novel design approaches are presented. The first approach culminates in a tightly integrated architecture, which merges the redundant mobility entities in MIP and SIP to yield maximum system efficiency. The other approach leads to a loosely integrated architecture, where necessary interactions are introduced between MIP and SIP mobility servers while their physical entities are kept intact. Major mobility procedures, including location update, session setup and handoff, are discussed in these architectures. The analytical results demonstrate that both proposed architectures outperform typical hybrid MIP-SIP architectures in terms of clear-cut reduced signaling costs
Neutrophile Granulozyten verhindern mukosale Blutungen bei aktiver Colitis ulcerosa über Peptidylarginindeiminase-4 vermittelte Immunthrombose (2021)

Hintergrund: Blutende Erosionen und Ulcera sind typische Zeichen der aktiven Colitis ulcerosa. Die Mechanismen der mukosalen Hämostase bleiben unvollständig verstanden.
Antenna-selective transmit diversity technique for OFDM-based WLANs with dual-band printed antennas (2005)

An antenna-selective transmit diversity (ASTD) technique, applied to a PC card for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless local area network (WLAN) system, is presented. The PC card, which is based on IEEE 802.11 a/g, is equipped with dual-band printed antennas. The ASTD processing is implemented in the developed WLAN system, which has two antennas for transmit and receive modes. The effects of the ASTD technique on the TCP (transmission control protocol) throughput performance are experimentally evaluated. Measurement results with the PC card in an imitated office show that the TCP throughput is improved on both the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands under the conditions of an indoor radio propagation channel due to the ASTD technique. In particular, application of the ASTD technique to an access point (AP) achieves four times the average TCP throughput on the 5.2 GHz band.
Wettability and three-phase equilibria in the (Au-Si)/Al2O3 system (1990)

Using the sessile drop method under high vacuum, the influence of Si additions to liquid gold on the contact angles and work of adhesion of this metal on monocrystalline alumina is studied. It is shown that these properties are highly sensitive to the oxygen partial pressure in the vicinity of the triple line, a value that is imposed by three-phase chemical equilibria between the Si, O and Al constituents.
Crop-Raiding Baird’S Tapir Provoke Diverse Reactions From Subsistence Farmers In Belize (2015)

Agricultural areas where people grow crops to feed themselves and their families are often physically enclosed by a fence or represented by a forest edge (Figure 1). The purpose of these physical boundaries is obvious to people but not necessarily recognised by the wild animals they are designed to obstruct (Waters, 2014). Wild animals that cross these boundaries to feed on agricultural crops are commonly referred to by researchers as crop- raiders. A major grievance of subsistence farmers is the damage that crop-raiders do or farmers believe they might do to their crops and thus their livelihoods. Political, social and/or cultural factors as well as livelihood constraints will influence a farmer’s reaction to wildlife crop-raiders (Hill, 1997; Riley, 2007; Waters, 2014).
Minus Lens Stimulated Accommodative Lag as a Function of Age (2009)

These findings suggest the accuracy of accommodation to minus lens-stimulated accommodation improves throughout the school years and that the degree to which lag increases with increasing demand is related to maximum accommodative amplitude rather than age.