gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel panel of blood markers to assess the degree of liver fibrosis† (2005)

The objective was to develop new blood tests to characterize different fibrosis parameters in viral and alcoholic chronic liver diseases. Measurements included 51 blood markers and Fibrotest, Fibrospect, ELFG, APRI, and Forns scores. The clinically significant fibrosis was evaluated via Metavir staging (F2-F4), and image analysis was used to determine the area of fibrosis. In an exploratory step in 383 patients with viral hepatitis, the area under the receiving operator characteristic (AUROC) curve for stages F2-F4 in a test termed the "Fibrometer" test combining platelets, prothrombin index, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M), hyaluronate, urea, and age was 0.883 compared with 0.808 for the Fibrotest (P = .01), 0.820 for the Forns test (P = .005), and 0.794 for the APRI test (P < 10(-4)). The Fibrometer AUROC curve was 0.892 in the validating step in 120 patients. The AUROC curve for stages F2-F4 in a test combining prothrombin index, A2M, hyaluronate, and age was 0.962 in 95 patients with alcoholic liver diseases. The area of fibrosis was estimated in viral hepatitis by testing for hyaluronate, gamma-glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, platelets, and apolipoprotein A1 ((a)R(2) = 0.645), and in alcoholic liver diseases by testing for hyaluronate, prothrombin index, A2M, and platelets ((a)R(2) = 0.836). In conclusion, the pathological staging and area of liver fibrosis can be estimated using different combinations of blood markers in viral and alcoholic liver diseases. Whereas the Fibrometer has a high diagnostic accuracy for clinically significant fibrosis, blood tests for the area of liver fibrosis provide a quantitative estimation of the amount of fibrosis, which is especially useful in cirrhosis.
Backflash light characterization to prevent QKD zero-error hacking (2016)

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most commercially diffused solution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution (QKD) applications. However, the secondary photon emission, arising from the avalanche of charge carriers during a photon detection, may be exploited by an eavesdropper to gain information without forcing errors in the transmission key. In this paper, we characterise such backflash light in gated InGaAs/InP SPADs, and its spectral and temporal characterization for different detector models and different operating parameters. We qualitatively bound the maximum information leakage due to backflash light, and propose a solution.
Far-field pattern measurement of an onboard laser transmitter by use of a space-to-ground optical link (1998)

The far-field pattern of an onboard laser transmitter was measured with a transatmospheric optical link with a distance of ~33,000 km between the satellite and the optical ground station. The far-field pattern was acquired with a new method used to analyze statistically downlink irradiance data obtained at the ground station. The statistical tracking and pointing characteristics of the transmitter were taken into account in estimating downlink irradiance, assuming that there were no atmospheric scintillation effects. The peak directive gain of the downlink laser beam was 104.3 dB. The beam width (full width at half-maximum) was 28.5 x 17.5murad. These results were consistent with the results froma laboratory test undertaken before launch of the satellite.
Quantitative Rapid Test for Detection and Monitoring of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates (2021)

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are relevant models to study the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the potential of TB therapies, but rapid tools allowing diagnosis of active pulmonary TB in NHPs are lacking. This study investigates whether low complexity lateral flow assays utilizing upconverting reporter particles (UCP-LFAs) developed for rapid detection of human serum proteins can be applied to detect and monitor active pulmonary TB in NHPs. UCP-LFAs were used to assess serum proteins levels and changes in relation to the MTB challenge dosage, lung pathology, treatment, and disease outcome in experimentally MTB-infected macaques. Serum levels of SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 showed a significant increase after MTB infection in rhesus macaques and correlated with disease severity as determined by pathology scoring. Moreover, these biomarkers could sensitively detect the reduction of bacterial levels in the lungs of macaques due to BCG vaccination or drug treatment. Quantitative measurements by rapid UCP-LFAs specific for SAA1, IP-10, and IL-6 in serum can be utilized to detect active progressive pulmonary TB in macaques. The UCP-LFAs thus offer a low-cost, convenient, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool that can be applied in studies on TB vaccine and drug development involving macaques.
Extremal norms for positive linear inclusions (2012)

We consider the joint spectral radius of sets of matrices for discrete or continuous positive linear inclusions and study associated extremal norms. We show that under a matrix-theoretic notion of irreducibility there exist absolute extremal norms. This property is used to extend regularity results for the joint spectral radius. In particular, we see that in the case of positive systems irreducibility in the sense of nonnegative matrices, which is weaker than the usual representation theoretic concept, is sufficient for local Lipschitz properties of the joint spectral radius.
An Autonomous Chemical Robot Discovers the Rules of Inorganic Coordination Chemistry without Prior Knowledge (2020)

Abstract We present a chemical discovery robot for the efficient and reliable discovery of supramolecular architectures through the exploration of a huge reaction space exceeding ten billion combinations. The system was designed to search for areas of reactivity found through autonomous selection of the reagent types, amounts, and reaction conditions aiming for combinations that are reactive. The process consists of two parts where reagents are mixed together, choosing from one type of aldehyde, one amine and one azide (from a possible family of two amines, two aldehydes and four azides) with different volumes, ratios, reaction times, and temperatures, whereby the reagents are passed through a copper coil reactor. Next, either cobalt or iron is added, again from a large number of possible quantities. The reactivity was determined by evaluating differences in pH, UV‐Vis, and mass spectra before and after the search was started. The algorithm was focused on the exploration of interesting regions, as defined by the outputs from the sensors, and this led to the discovery of a range of 1‐benzyl‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐ N ‐alkyl‐(2‐pyridinemethanimine) ligands and new complexes: [Fe(L 1 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ( 1 ); [Fe(L 2 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ( 2 ); [Co 2 (L 3 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 4 ( 3 ); [Fe 2 (L 3 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 4 ( 4 ), which were crystallised and their structure confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction determination, as well as a range of new supramolecular clusters discovered in solution using high‐resolution mass spectrometry.
Multiscale Damage Modeling of Solid Propellants: Theory and Computational Framework (2005)

The present work provides a theoretical and computational framework for modeling the macroscopic/microscopic behavior and interfacial decohesion of grains during propellant loading. The micro-scale is characterized by a unit cell, which contains micro-constituents (grains) dispersed in a polymeric blend. We have used a packing algorithm, treating the ammonium perchlorate (AP) as spheres or discs, which enables us to generate packs which match the size distribution and volume fraction of actual propellants. Then a novel technique to characterize the pack geometry suitable for meshing is described and a powerful mesh generator is employed to obtain high quality periodic meshes with refinement zones in the regions of interest. The proposed numerical multiscale framework, based on the mathematical theory of homogenization, is capable of predicting non-homogeneous microfields and damage nucleation and propagation along the particle matrix interface, as well as the macroscopic response and mechanical properties of the damaged continuum. Examples are considered involving simple unit cells in order to illustrate the multiscale algorithm and demonstrate the complexity of the underlying physical processes.
Prognosis of Primary Hepatoma treated by Chemotherapy using SMANCS/LIPIODOL (1990)

Thirteen cases with unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by administering SMANCS/LIPIODOL into the common or proper hepatic artery and followed for over three years. Results were as follows ;1) Changes in liver function after the administration of SMANCS/LIPIODOL were milder than those after the administration of TAE.2) The survival rates at one year, two years and three years were 53.8%, 15.4% and 7.6%, respectively.
Optoelectric patterning: Effect of electrode material and thickness on laser‐induced AC electrothermal flow (2015)

Rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP) is an emerging optoelectric technique that takes advantage of laser-induced AC electrothermal flow and particle-electrode interactions to trap and translate particles. The electrothermal flow in REP is driven by the temperature rise induced by the laser absorption in the thin electrode layer. In previous REP applications 350-700 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) layers have been used as electrodes. In this study, we show that ITO is an inefficient electrode choice as more than 92% of the irradiated laser on the ITO electrodes is transmitted without absorption. Using theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that for a given laser power the temperature rise is controlled by both the electrode material and its thickness. A 25-nm thick Ti electrode creates an electrothermal flow of the same speed as a 700-nm thick ITO electrode while requiring only 14% of the laser power used by ITO. These results represent an important step in the design of low-cost portable REP systems by lowering the material cost and power consumption of the system.
On the sensitivity of spatio-temporal interest points to person identity (2012)

Spatio-temporal interest points (STIPs) have recently become a mainstream technique for encoding human action video sequences. These local features overcome the complex issues of background subtraction and human tracking, and encode relevant motion information for recognition. Nonetheless, STIPs may result not only from actions themselves but from other factors such as person identity. This paper addresses modeling the multi-modal aspect of motions using Multilinear Tensor Analysis, with the goal of detaching parameters that are relevant to action recognition from those that are irrelevant (related to person identity). This modeling of space time interest points by a tensor representation is a new contribution to human action analysis. Experiments carried out on the Weizmann and KTH datasets give the interesting finding that STIP-based features are not only related to action types but may also be sensitive to person identity or style.
A new synthesis approach for non-uniform filters in the log-scale: Proof of concept (2019)

We theoretically describe and give the proof of a new way to synthesize filters that are affine in the log-log scale in the frequency domain and are especially appropriate to filter non-uniformly sampled data, and take advantage of a very low number of signal samples and filter coefficients. This approach leads to a summation formula which plays the same role as the discrete convolution for the usual finite impulse response filters.
Clinical applications of circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein biomarkers in cardiovascular disease (2006)

Research on circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein biomarkers is rapidly accelerating and providing novel insights into the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Future studies will further assess the clinical utility of oxidized low-density lipoprotein biomarkers by determining their prognostic value in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease and will also evaluate the relative merit of specific assays by performing comparative studies.
A deployable conical log-spiral antenna design for CubeSat applications (2012)

In this paper a conical log-spiral antenna is presented with a new feeding scheme. This antenna is proposed for deployment on a CubeSat platform, where the new feeding technique allows for easier antenna deployment. A microstrip balun is also presented to provide the antenna with proper phase balance and impedance associated with the needed differential feed.
Two dimensional computer simulation of plasma immersion ion implantation (2004)

The biggest advantage of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is the capability of treating objects with irregular geometry without complex manipulation of the target holder. The effectiveness of this approach relies on the uniformity of the incident ion dose. Unfortunately, perfect dose uniformity is usually difficult to achieve when treating samples of complex shape. The problems arise from the non-uniform plasma density and expansion of plasma sheath. A particle-in-cell computer simulation is used to study the time-dependent evolution of the plasma sheath surrounding two-dimensional objects during process of plasma immersion ion implantation. Before starting the implantation phase, steady-state nitrogen plasma is established inside the simulation volume by using ionization of gas precursor with primary electrons. The plasma self-consistently evolves to a non-uniform density distribution, which is used as initial density distribution for the implantation phase. As a result, we can obtain a more realistic description of the plasma sheath expansion and dynamics. Ion current density on the target, average impact energy, and trajectories of the implanted ions were calculated for three geometrical shapes. Large deviations from the uniform dose distribution have been observed for targets with irregular shapes. In addition, effect of secondary electron emission has been included in our simulation and no qualitative modifications to the sheath dynamics have been noticed. However, the energetic secondary electrons change drastically the plasma net balance and also pose significant X-ray hazard. Finally, an axial magnetic field has been added to the calculations and the possibility for magnetic insulation of secondary electrons has been proven.
Development and Validation of the Hospital for Special Surgery Anterior Cruciate Ligament Postoperative Satisfaction Survey (2020)

Level II, development of diagnostic or monitoring criteria in consecutive patients.
Improving the Performance of Methanol Biofuel Cells Utilizing an Enzyme Cascade Bioanode with DNA-Bridged Substrate Channeling (2017)

The development of enzymatic biofuel cells has been plagued by the high cost of enzyme purification and low efficiency of fuel oxidation. Here, we demonstrate a protein purification-free approach to assemble an alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme cascade-based bioanode for use in a methanol biofuel cell. Each enzyme was fused to a different sequence-specific zinc finger DNA-binding protein. The zinc finger domains serve as both tags to isolate the enzymes from crude cell lysates as well as anchors to immobilize the enzymes on DNA-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The biofuel cells based on the enzyme cascade bioanodes show a maximum power output of 24.5 ± 3.2 μW cm–2, which is comparable to fuel cells utilizing purified enzymes. Further analysis of kinetic behavior revealed a significant increase in the reactivity of the complexes due to substrate channeling of the aldehyde intermediate.
A globally convergent wind speed estimator for windmill systems (2011)

An estimator of the wind speed of a wind turbine coupled to a generator is proposed in this paper. Wind speed enters into the generator dynamics through a highly nonlinear function, hence we are confronted with a difficult problem of estimation of a nonlinearly parameterized system. To solve this problem we use the technique of immersion and invariance, recently introduced in the literature. It is assumed that the rotor speed and electrical torque of the generator are measured, which is the case for the machines typically used in this application. The result is of interest for the design of controllers of maximum power extraction, where the knowledge of the wind speed is necessary to express the control objective as a speed tracking problem. Detailed computer simulations are presented to assess the performances of the proposed estimator and a certainty equivalent proportional plus integral controller.
Gain-bandwidth characteristics of thin avalanche photodiodes (2002)

The frequency-response characteristics of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with thin multiplication layers are investigated by means of a recurrence technique that incorporates the history dependence of ionization coefficients. In addition, to characterize the autocorrelation function of the impulse response, new recurrence equations are derived and solved using a parallel computer. The mean frequency response and the gain-bandwidth product are computed and a simple model for the dependence of the gain-bandwidth product on the multiplication-layer width is set forth for GaAs, InP, Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As, and In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As APDs. It is shown that the dead-space effect leads to a reduction (up to 30%) in the bandwidth from that predicted by the conventional multiplication theory. Notably, calculation of the power-spectral density of the photocurrent reveals that the presence of dead space also results in a reduction in the fluctuations in the frequency response. This result is the spectral generalization of the reduction in the excess noise factor in thin APDs and reveals an added advantage of using thin APDs in ultrafast receivers.
Composites of cellulose nanocrystals in combination with either cellulose nanofibril or carboxymethylcellulose as functional packaging films (2022)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were mixed with either cellulose nanofibril (CNF) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in variable proportions (0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 80/20 and 100/0) to obtain cast films with acceptable barrier and mechanical properties as replacements for food packaging plastics. Both CNF and CMC improved tensile strength, elongation, UV opacity, air resistance, hydrophobicity (WCA-water contact angle), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen impermeability in pure CNC. WVTR and oxygen permeability were strongly dependent on relative humidity (RH). Interestingly, the greatest effect on WVTR was observed at RH = 90% in films containing CMC in proportions above 60%. CMC- and CNF-containing films had oxygen impermeability up to an RH level of 80% and 60%, respectively. The previous effects were confirmed by food packaging simulation tests, where CMC-containing films proved the best performers. The composite films studied were biodegradable-which constitutes a major environmental related advantage-to an extent proportional to their content in CMC or CNF.
Genome Sequence and Phenotypic Analysis of a Protein Lysis-Negative, Attenuated Anthrax Vaccine Strain (2023)

<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease anthrax. Here, we studied the characteristic phenotype and virulence attenuation of the putative No. II vaccine strain, PNO2, which was reportedly introduced from the Pasteur Institute in 1934. Characterization of the strain showed that, compared with the control strain, A16Q1, the attenuated PNO2 (PNO2D1) was phospholipase-positive, with impaired protein hydrolysis and significantly reduced sporulation. Additionally, PNO2D1 significantly extended the survival times of anthrax-challenged mice. An evolutionary tree analysis revealed that PNO2D1 was not a Pasteur strain but was more closely related to a Tsiankovskii strain. A database comparison revealed a seven-base insertion mutation in the <i>nprR</i> gene. Although it did not block <i>nprR</i> transcription, the insertion mutation resulted in the premature termination of protein translation. <i>nprR</i> deletion of A16Q1 resulted in a nonproteolytic phenotype that could not sporulate. The database comparison revealed that the <i>abs</i> gene is also prone to mutation, and the <i>abs</i> promoter activity was much lower in PNO2D1 than in A16Q1. Low <i>abs</i> expression may be an important reason for the decreased virulence of PNO2D1.
CloudSeer (2016)

Cloud infrastructures provide a rich set of management tasks that operate computing, storage, and networking resources in the cloud. Monitoring the executions of these tasks is crucial for cloud providers to promptly find and understand problems that compromise cloud availability. However, such monitoring is challenging because there are multiple distributed service components involved in the executions. CloudSeer enables effective workflow monitoring. It takes a lightweight non-intrusive approach that purely works on interleaved logs widely existing in cloud infrastructures. CloudSeer first builds an automaton for the workflow of each management task based on normal executions, and then it checks log messages against a set of automata for workflow divergences in a streaming manner. Divergences found during the checking process indicate potential execution problems, which may or may not be accompanied by error log messages. For each potential problem, CloudSeer outputs necessary context information including the affected task automaton and related log messages hinting where the problem occurs to help further diagnosis. Our experiments on OpenStack, a popular open-source cloud infrastructure, show that CloudSeer's efficiency and problem-detection capability are suitable for online monitoring.
Erweiterung der Flexibilität von Biogasanlagen – Substratmanagement, Fahrplansynthese und ökonomische Bewertung (2016)

Die Rahmenbedingungen zum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien zielen seit der Novellierung des Erneuerbaren-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) 2012 sowie in der aktuellen Fassung (EEG 2014) auf eine stärkere Marktintegration der erneuerbaren Energien. Biogasanlagen stellen eine vielversprechende Option dar, bedarfsgerecht Strom zu produzieren, um so Differenzen zwischen Strombedarf und Strombereitstellung durch ungeregelte Quellen (z. B. Wind und Solarenergie) zu kompensieren. Schwerpunkt des Fachbeitrages ist die ökonomische Bewertung einer flexiblen gegenüber einer kontinuierlichen Biogasproduktion für die flexible Verstromung. Für Kombinationen aus unterschiedlichen Fütterungsregimen und drei optimierten Verstromungsfahrplänen wurde der notwendige Gasspeichermehrbedarf einer repräsentativen Modellbiogasanlage bestimmt. Anschließend erfolgte eine ökonomische Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse, um das Substratmanagement betriebswirtschaftlich bewerten zu können. Die hier entwickelte Methodik ist speziell für Bestandsanlagen konzeptioniert und dient der Bewertung eines multifaktoriellen Substratmanagements als Flexibilitätsoption. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass das Substratmanagement – insbesondere bei längerfristigen Planungshorizonten (größer als 12 h) – für die Fahrplangestaltung in zunehmendem Maße dazu geeignet ist, den zusätzlichen Gasspeicherbedarf zu senken und somit höhere Vermarktungserlöse an der europäischen Strombörse (EPEX Spot SE) mit geringeren Zusatzkosten zu erschließen