gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenon-133 in California, Nevada, and Utah from the Chernobyl accident (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXenon-133 in California, Nevada, and Utah from the Chernobyl accidentRobert W. Holloway and Chung King. LiuCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 5, 583–586Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00170a017https://doi.org/10.1021/es00170a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid learning framework for web information retrieval (2008)

Machine learning techniques have been considered a very promising solution to Web information retrieval, which is based on the ranking of the relevance of samples to a query input. However, the connotation of labeling in ranking is quite different from that in classification. Specifically, the labeling of samples for ranking is usually incomplete, i.e. only a part of samples are labeled. In order to remedy this methodological gap, in this paper we propose a hybrid learning framework, called fuzzy-label learning, which consists of two layers. First, we utilize a label-propagation algorithm to estimate those labels of unlabeled samples by their neighborhoods. Second, we adopt RankBoost on the samples with fuzzy labels. Experiments with five-fold cross-validation using the Letor benchmark datasets show that the proposed hybrid learning framework can definitively improve the search performance achieved by the RankBoost algorithm for Web information retrieval.
Oxygen treatment for acute severe asthma (2001)

Deaths from asthma in England and Wales dropped by about 6% a year in people aged 5-64 from 1983 to 1995,1 but about 20 children and 1600 adults still die in the United Kingdom every year from acute asthma. Profound hypoxaemia may be a readily preventable cause of some of these deaths. The British Thoracic Society's asthma guidelines advise oxygen as first line treatment in hospital for all patients in cases of acute severe asthma.2 However, the guidelines do not advise treatment with oxygen in primary care in children and do not insist on its use in adults. The recent death of a child in a primary care setting after administration of salbutamol nebulised with air prompted us to question whether treatment with oxygen should be recommended in all cases of acute severe asthma, including those presenting in primary care.

#### Summary points

Asthma causes 1600 deaths in the United Kingdom every year

Progressive hypoxaemia is probably an important cause of death

Oxygen should be the first treatment given to any patient with acute severe asthma

Nebulisation of β2 agonists with air during severe attacks may worsen hypoxaemia

Patients with acute severe asthma should receive β2 agonists nebulised with oxygen

A systematic review was not possible as there have never been any randomised controlled trials of oxygen in acute severe asthma. We therefore present a traditional literature review and our opinion based on it. We selected 24 publications from our personal collections and from Medline searches. Using the search terms “asthma” and “hypoxaemia or hypoxemia or hypoxia or oxygen” and “salbutamol or albuterol” yielded 204 papers, of which 11 were included in this review. The other 13 papers that we evaluated were from our personal collections.

In acute severe asthma, narrowing of the airway occurs as a result of …
Regenerative Engine Analysis. (1980)

Abstract : This report summarizes the results of a regenerative turboshaft study. The work was performed in two tasks. Task I was a 4-month parametric study of cyclic and recuperator design parameters leading to the selection of those parameters providing minimum fuel consumption and life-cycle cost. Task II consisted of a 2-month preliminary design of a selected regenerative engine cycle.
Kinematic path-tracking of mobile robot using iterative learning control (2005)

This paper develops a kinematic path-tracking algorithm for a nonholonomic mobile robot using an iterative learning control (ILC) technique. The proposed algorithm produces a robot velocity command, which is to be executed by the proper dynamic controller of the robot. The difference between the velocity command and the actual velocity acts as state disturbances in the kinematic model of the mobile robot. Given the kinematic model with state disturbances, we present an ILC-based path-tracking algorithm. An iterative learning rule with both predictive and current learning terms is used to overcome uncertainties and the disturbances in the system. It shows that the system states, outputs, and control inputs are guaranteed to converge to the desired trajectories with or without state disturbances, output disturbances, or initial state errors. Simulations and experiments using an actual mobile robot verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed learning algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conception d'une antenne à éléments parasites pilotés pour une application sur lanceur spatial (2022)

International audience
New Device for Raman Difference Spectroscopy with Multichannel and Scanning Multichannel Detection (1997)

We report on a specially designed setup which combines the advantages of Raman difference spectroscopy with the multiplex advantages of multichannel detection. The new device and the principle of operation are described in detail. Several examples of Raman difference spectra are shown to demonstrate the performance of the setup. Static as well as scanning multichannel techniques were applied to test the distinct capabilities of the system. Both methods are discussed with special emphasis on the reliability and accuracy of the results obtained.
The identification of cells containing JC papovavirus DNA in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry (1989)

A double-labelling technique combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry is described which was used to characterize cells in the central nervous system containing JC virus DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. All four cases showed positive nuclear labelling for JC virus in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The latter gave a strongly positive cytoplasmic staining reaction using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. No nuclear labelling of neurones or endothelial cells was noted. The results confirm previous suggestions that glia are the main cells infected by JC virus in this disorder and show that the distribution of viral DNA in the brain is more extensive than suggested by routine microscopy alone. In situ hybridization for JC virus may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in both surgical biopsies and post-mortem brain tissue.
Portfolio Risk Management via a CVaR and Stochastic Dominance Hybrid Approach (2020)

Risk management is a crucial aspect in decision making under uncertainty. This paper proposes a hybrid risk management approach for stochastic programming-based portfolio optimization problems. The proposed approach consolidates the classical Markowitz mean-conditional value at risk (CVaR) model, which is the most commonly used approach in power and energy applications, and the stochastic dominance (SD) concept. A case study on the risk management of a wind power producer's stochastic bidding strategy in the electricity market is performed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the commonly used mean-CVaR and the SD-based risk management approaches.
Treatment of diabetic mice with undenatured whey protein accelerates the wound healing process by enhancing the expression of MIP-1α, MIP-2, KC, CX3CL1 and TGF-β in wounded tissue (2012)

Our data demonstrate the benefits of WP supplementation for improving the healing and closure of diabetic wounds and restoring the immune response in diabetic mice.
Влияние технологических параметров на физико-химические свойства полилактидных наночастиц, содержащих рифампицин (2010)

Целью настоящего исследования являлась оценка влияния параметров процесса получения наносомальной лекарственной формы рифампицина (Rif) на основе полилактидов на размеры наночастиц, степень сорбции Rif, а также кинетику высвобождения Rif in vitro. Показано, что наиболее эффективной сорбции Rif в наночастицах (до 90 %) удается добиться при использовании полилактидов с дополнительными концевыми карбоксильными группами. Увеличение исходных концентраций Rif в органической фазе от 1 до 5 мг/мл приводит к некоторому снижению степени сорбции (с 89 до 76 %), однако не оказывает существенного влияния на размер получаемых наночастиц (190 - 260 нм). Изменение состава полимерной матрицы наночастиц позволяет регулировать скорость высвобождения из них Rif; при этом наличие дополнительных концевых карбоксильных групп в полилактидах обеспечивает более медленное высвобождение антибиотика, что объясняется его более прочным взаимодействием с полимерной матрицей.
Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium Alloys (1999)

The high strength to weight ratio of magnesium alloys makes them extremely attractive for applications in transport or aerospace technology. However, their corrosion behavior is a major issue and one reason why they are still not as popular as aluminum alloys. This papers reviews the corrosion mechanisms of magnesium and provides the basis for the design of new alloys with improved corrosion properties.
Human error considerations and annunciator effects in determining optimal test intervals for periodically inspected standby systems (1981)

This paper incorporates the effects of four types of human error in a model for determining the optimal time between periodic inspections which maximizes the steady state availability for standby safety systems. Such safety systems are characteristic of nuclear power plant operations. The system is modeled by means of an infinite state-space Markov chain. Purpose of the paper is to demonstrate techniques for computing steady-state availability A and the optimal periodic inspection interval tau* for the system. The model can be used to investigate the effects of human error probabilities on optimal availability, study the benefits of annunciating the standby-system, and to determine optimal inspection intervals. Several examples which are representative of nuclear power plant applications are presented.
Classification of very wide bandwidth acoustic signals (2002)

Active sonar systems are being developed to transmit very wide bandwidth signals. This has the potential for improved classification of the returned echo. However, the receiver processing requirements imposed by these very wide bandwidth transmitted signals are increased significantly. A new method based on a modified sequential loglikelihood ratio classifier has been developed that can classify the returned target echo from very wide bandwidth transmitted signals with only a modest increase in the receiver processing requirements. This represents an important classifier implementation for sonar systems because of the reduced requirements and therefore reduced costs. The paper discusses the processing technology that enables the classification of target echoes from very wide bandwidth transmitted signals. The classification performance results for a matched filter preprocessor and a higher-order cumulant preprocessor are compared for several types of acoustic objects.
Current Progress and Challenges for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Transgene-Free Approaches (2018)

Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully established for any major neuromuscular disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and skeletal myocytes for use in treating and modeling neuromuscular diseases. Recent advances have allowed the creation of patient-derived stem cells, which can be used as a unique platform for comprehensive study of disease mechanisms, <i>in vitro</i> drug screening, and potential new cell-based therapies. In the last decade, a number of methods have been developed to derive skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells. By controlling the process of myogenesis using transcription factors and signaling molecules, human pluripotent stem cells can be directed to differentiate into cell types observed during muscle development. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways relevant to the formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development. We then summarize current methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward the myogenic lineage, specifically focusing on transgene-free approaches. Lastly, we discuss existing challenges for deriving skeletal myocytes and myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
Accelerated Moisture Conditioning Process of Lime-Stabilized Clays (2011)

Lime stabilization is a common procedure currently used in road construction. This technique is particularly attractive for improving the subgrade material for low-volume unpaved or low-cost paved roads. Selection of the proper concentration of lime for stabilization of clays is primarily based on achieving a target pH value. A number of parameters—such as the interaction between the mineralogy of the clay materials and the additives in the presence or absence of moisture, construction methods, and curing processes—significantly affect the performance of stabilized clays. If the selected concentration of additives is not adequate to ensure shortand long-term strength and durability, the stabilization will be ineffective, and pavement rehabilitations, requiring costly repairs and road closures, will be necessary. Many state highway agencies supplement this design process with other tests to ensure that proper strength, stiffness, and durability can be achieved. The most common parameter considered for this purpose is the unconfined compressive strength of laboratory-prepared specimens that are cured for several days and subjected to capillary moisture conditioning for several additional days. This procedure is perceived as time-consuming to implement. To establish whether the stabilization method is effective in field construction projects, this paper addresses some shortcomings in the current protocols. Several accelerated testing methods that could potentially minimize the time required for soil specimen preparation, curing, conditioning, and testing to complete the stabilizer design process are evaluated. From this study, the most appropriate method was found to be backpressure saturation.
AIR EMBOLISM DURING NEUROSURGERY a new method of treatment (1966)

MICHENFELDER, JOHN D. M.D.; TERRY, HOWARD R. JR. M.D.; DAW, EDWARD F. M.D.; MILLER, ROSS H. M.D. Author Information
Transmembrane pH of Clostridium acetobutylicum is inverted (more acidic inside) when the in vivo activity of hydrogenase is decreased (1994)

Evidence is reported here that alkalinization of Clostridium acetobutylicum cytoplasm involves hydrogenase activity. A decrease of in vivo hydrogenase activity is accompanied by intracellular accumulation of protons leading to a negative (interior acidic) pH gradient. However, the organism is able to maintain a constant proton motive force by interconverting chemical and electrical potentials.
Probing the Mechanisms of Macromolecular Recognition: the Cytochrome b 5 -Cytochrome C Complex (1988)

The specificity of complex formation between cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) and cytochrome c (cyt c) is believed to involve the formation of salt linkages between specific carboxylic acid residues of cyt b5 with lysine residues on cyt c. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter the specified acidic residues of cyt b5 to the corresponding amide analogues, which resulted in a lower affinity for complex formation with cyt c. The dissociation of the complex under high pressure resulted in specific volume changes, the magnitude of which reflected the degree of solvation of the acidic residues in the proposed protein-protein interface.
The microbial alkaloid toxin staurosporine blocks the phorbol ester–induced increase in β‐amyloid precursor protein in PC12 cells (1997)

Abstract The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is abnormally cleaved during the progression of Alzheimer's disease, resulting in production of the toxic beta‐amyloid peptide, which forms neuritic plaques in the brain. To develop a pharmacological approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, natural compounds which may inhibit APP synthesis and/or beta‐amyloid production are required. Staurosporine, a toxin isolated from Streptomyces staurospores bacteria, is widely used as a protein kinase C inhibitor in signal transduction research. Using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 sympathetic neurons, which express APP, we characterised staurosporine effect on APP level by western blotting, using an anti‐APP monoclonal antibody. PC12 APP levels were increased or decreased upon exposure to either 50–200 nM or 10–20 nM phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, a protein kinase C activator), respectively. An apparent relationship was found between the change in APP level and a differential down regulation process of different PKC isoforms. The PMA‐induced increase in intracellular APP level was dose‐dependently inhibited by staurosporine (natural alkaloid) or GF 109203X (synthetic analogue), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. This inhibition was mainly observed upon treatment of the cells before the exposure to PMA. These results suggest PKC regulation of APP levels in PC12 cells, and provide staurosporine as a leader compound for the development of drugs to control the expression of APP in Alzheimer's research. Nat. Toxins 5:173–179, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Degrees of Freedom of SISO X-networks with Synergistic Alternating Channel State Information at transmitters (2016)

In this paper, we consider the two-user single-input single-output (SISO) X-channel and $K$-user SISO X-network in fast fading environment. It is assumed that the transmitters have access to synergistic alternating channel state information (CSI). Specifically, the CSIT alternates between three states, namely, perfect, delayed and no-CSIT, in a certain manner to enable these states to work together cooperatively. These states are associated with fractions of time denoted by $λ_P$, $λ_D$ \text{and} $λ_N$, respectively. For the two-user $X$-channel, simple upper bound is developed to prove the tightness of the achievability result of $4/3$ DoF under a certain distribution of the availability of three CSIT states for $Λ(λ_P=1/3, λ_D= 1/3, λ_N=1/3)$. For the $K$-user $X$-network, it is shown that the sum Degrees of freedom (DoF) is at least $2K/(K + 1)$, using two-phase transmission schemes over finite symbols channel extension and under the same distribution of the availability of $Λ(λ_P=1/3, λ_D= 1/3, λ_N=1/3)$.This achievability result, can be considered as a tight lower bound, coincides with the best lower bound known for the same network but with partial output feedback in stead of alternating CSIT. Hence, we show that the role of synergistic alternating CSIT with distribution $Λ(1/3,1/3,1/3)$ is equivalent to the partial output feedback. Also, this lower bound is strictly better than the best lower bound known for the case of delayed CSI assumption for all values of $K$. All the proposed transmission schemes are based on two phases transmission strategy, namely, interference creation and interference resurrection, which exploit the synergy of instantaneous CSI and delay CSIT to retrospectively align interference in the subsequent channel uses.
A 2005 review of FPGA arithmetic (abstract only) (2005)

This article is a concise literature review of the actual state of the art in arithmetic for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), including studies, implementation techniques, operators, and structures, in various area-time tradeoffs. It covers the integer operations of addition/subtraction, multiplication, squaring, division, and square root, in parallel, and in both serial modes (least-significant digit first, and online). Many people, including researchers in the field of computer arithmetic, parallel computing, digital signal and image processing, system-on-a-programmable chip (SoPC) designers, and other people with a need to implement special purpose arithmetic circuits on FPGAs, might find such a review useful, either as an introduction to the topic, as a knowledge update, or for reference.
Video segmentation based on multiple features for interactive multimedia applications (1998)

We present a scheme for interactive video segmentation. A key feature of the system is the distinction between two levels of segmentation, namely, regions and object segmentation. Regions are homogeneous areas of the images, which are extracted automatically by the computer. Semantically meaningful objects are obtained through user interaction by grouping of regions according to the specific application. This splitting relieves the computer of ill-posed semantic problems, and allows a higher level of flexibility of the method. The extraction of regions is based on the multidimensional analysis of several image features by a spatially constrained fuzzy C-means algorithm. The local level of reliability of the different features is taken into account in order to adaptively weight the contribution of each feature to the segmentation process. Results on the extraction of regions as well as on the tracking of spatiotemporal objects are presented.