gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Youth Market for Financial Services (1991)

Findings are presented from an empirical investigation among the youth market for financial services. Attention is focused on account ownership and use of services, together with attitudinal data pertaining to banks and building societies and the services they provide; of particular interest is evidence of split banking and bank switching. Overall, the heterogeneity of the youth market with respect to needs, attitudes and behaviour is highlighted, and a number of implications for the marketing strategies of banks and building societies are suggested.
Quantifying Olfactory Perception: Mapping Olfactory Perception Space by Using Multidimensional Scaling and Self-Organizing Maps (2002)

The role of higher cortical regions in olfactory perception is not very well understood. Scientists must choose their stimuli based largely on their personal experience. There is no guarantee that the chosen stimuli are able to span ''olfactory perception space'' appropriately.A primary reason for that is there seems to be no known physical continuum for odor perception (akin to wavelengths of light for color perception). Hence it cannot even be assumed that there is a metric describing the olfactory perception space.An olfactory perception database has been projected onto the nearest high-dimensional Euclidean space using a multidimensional scaling approach. This yields an independent Euclidean interpretation of odor perception, whether the space is metric or not. Self-organizing maps have been applied to produce two-dimensional maps of the Euclidean approximation of olfactory perception space.This report will give a comprehensive look at the basic idea of this mapping approach and the application onto a psychophysical odor perception database.
A voltage and frequency droop control method for parallel inverters (2005)

In this paper, a new control method for the parallel operation of one or several inverters in an island grid or the mains is described. Frequency and voltage control, including mitigation of voltage harmonics, are achieved without the need for any common control circuitry or communication between the inverters. Each inverter supplies a current that is the result of the voltage difference between a reference AC voltage source and the grid voltage across a virtual impedance with real and/or imaginary parts. The reference AC voltage source is synchronised with the grid, with a phase shift, depending on the difference between nominal and real grid frequency. A detailed analysis show that this approach has superior behaviour in comparison with the existing droop control methods, considering the mitigation of voltage harmonics, short-circuit behaviour and, in the case of a non-negligible line resistance, the 'efficient' control of frequency and voltage. Experiments show the behaviour of the method for an inverter feeding a highly distorted load and during the connection of two parallel inverters in operation.
Highly dispersive slot waveguides (2009)

We propose a slot-waveguide with high dispersion, in which a slot waveguide is coupled to a strip waveguide. A negative dispersion of up to -181520 ps/nm/km is obtained due to a strong interaction of the slot and strip modes. A flat and large dispersion is achievable by cascading the dispersive slot-waveguides with varied waveguide thickness or width for dispersion compensation and signal processing applications. We show - 31300 ps/nm/km dispersion over 147-nm bandwidth with <1% variance.
An Aryl Iodide Catalyzed Bora-Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangement (2021)

Key words bora-Wagner–Meerwein reaction - geminal fluoro compounds - aryl iodides
Molecular and crystal characterization of 13-cis-5,6-epoxy retinoic acid. A potential impurity of isotretinoin (2002)

13-cis-5,6-Dihydro-5,6-epoxy retinoic acid, a degradation product formed when 13-cis-retinoic acid is exposed to light and/or atmospheric oxygen, has been synthesised and its molecular conformation and crystal structure have been investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The geometry of the molecule is compared with that of previously acquired pure 13-cis-retinoic acid. The epoxy group is disordered over two adjacent cyclohexane bonds with different site-occupation factors. In the crystal, the molecules form centrosymmetric dimers through hydrogen bonds between carboxylic acid groups. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern, together with a list of the most prominent peaks, and the thermal analysis of the compound are also reported to better characterize the product.
Extensible-Link Kinematic Model for Characterizing and Optimizing Compliant Mechanism Motion (2013)

We present an analytical model for characterizing the motion trajectory of an arbitrary planar compliant mechanism. Model development consists of identifying particular material points and their connecting vectorial lengths in a manner that represents the mechanism topology; whereby these lengths may extend over the course of actuation to account for the elastic deformation of the compliant mechanism. The motion trajectory is represented within the model as an analytical function in terms of these vectorial lengths, whereby its Taylor series expansion constitutes a parametric formulation composed of load-independent and load-dependent terms. This adds insight to the process for designing compliant mechanisms for high-accuracy motion applications because: (1) inspection of the load-independent terms enables determination of specific topology modifications that reduce or eliminate certain error components of the motion trajectory; and (2) the load-dependent terms reveal the polynomial orders of principally uncorrectable error components in the trajectory. The error components in the trajectory simply represent the deviation of the actual motion trajectory provided by the compliant mechanism compared to the ideally desired one. A generalized model framework is developed, and its utility demonstrated via the design of a compliant microgripper with straight-line parallel jaw motion. The model enables analytical determination of all geometric modifications for minimizing the error trajectory of the jaw, and prediction of the polynomial order of the uncorrectable trajectory components. The jaw trajectory is then optimized using iterative finite elements simulations until the polynomial order of the uncorrectable trajectory component becomes apparent; this reduces the error in the jaw trajectory by 2 orders of magnitude over the prescribed jaw stroke. This model serves to streamline the design process by identifying the load-dependent sources of trajectory error in a compliant mechanism, and thereby the limits with which this error may be redressed by topology modification.
1P1-W10 Performance Analyses on Temperature Control of Thermal Display with Temperature Gradient (2015)

In a research field on rendering of thermal sensation, Peltier device that can both heat and cool is often employed. Then recently, as the means to enhance the bandwidth of the thermal rendering, novel structure that utilizes temperature gradient prepared on metallic plate has been proposed. However, the performance of thermal control using the system is discussed little so far. In this study, analyses on tracking performance of temperature control are conducted using describing function. By using the describing function, it becomes possible to derive the frequency characteristics of saturation element included in the control system. Based on the analyses, relation between the tracking performance and the maximum/minimum temperatures at the ends of plate is discussed. The analyses are checked by numerical results.
Nonlinear instability of the one-dimensional Vlasov-Yukawa system (2011)

We discuss the nonlinear instability of some class of stationary solutions to the one-dimensional Vlasov–Yukawa system with a mass parameter m. The Vlasov–Yukawa system corresponds to the short-range correction of the repulsive Vlasov–Poisson system arising from plasma physics. We show that the stationary solutions satisfying the Penrose condition are nonlinearly unstable in small mass regime. In a large mass regime, the massiveness of force carrier particles acts as stabilizer in a finite time interval. We present several numerical results to confirm our analytical results.
308-nm excimer laser ablation of human cartilage (1993)

The XeCl excimer laser was investigated as an ablating tool for human fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. Quantitative measurements were made of tissue ablation rates as a function of fluence in meniscal fibrocartilage and articular hyaline cartilage. A force of 1.47 Newtons was applied to an 800 micrometers fiber with the laser delivering a range of fluences (40 to 190 mj/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) firing at a frequency of 5 Hz. To assess the effect of repetition rate on ablation rate, a set of measurements was made at a constant fluence of 60 mj/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, with the repetition rate varying from 10 to 40 Hz. Histologic and morphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy. The results of these studies revealed that the ablation rate was directly proportional to fluence over the range tested. Fibrocartilage was ablated at a rate 2.56 times faster than hyaline cartilage at the maximum fluence tested. Repetition rate had no effect on the penetration per pulse. Adjacent tissue damage was noted to be minimal (10 - 70 micrometers ).
The+Effect+of+Hydrostatic+Pressure+Treatment+on+the+Levels+of+HSP90+and+HSP70+in+Boar+Spermatozoa+before+and+after+Freezing (2012)

A sublethal high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock was reported to significantly improve the motility and viability parameters of frozen bull and boar spermatozoa, supposedly due to the sublethal stress-induced transcriptional/post-transcriptional induction of stress proteins. However, the mechanism of cryoprotection effect of HHP treatment on sperm motility remains unclear. We have previously found that the decrease of HSP90 might be associated with a decline in sperm motility during cooling of boar spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HHP on the levels of HSP90 and HSP70 of boar spermatozoa before and after freezing. Semen were treated or not treated with 300 or 400 bar before the start of frozen semen preparation. Samples were collected at room temperature, 15℃, 5℃ and after thawing for protein analysis. The levels of HSP70 and HSP90 were analyzed by Western blotting and densitometry. The result of qualitative and quantitative protein analysis showed that the protein profile and the level of HSP70 and HSP90 in the HHP treated group were not differed with those in the control group (P＞0.05). The level of HSP90 was significantly decreased after the semen was cooling to 5℃ (P＜0.05). The results of this study suggested that HHP treatment did not affect the levels of HSP70 and HSP90 in porcine sperm. Thus HSP70 and HSP90 may not directly involve in the HHP induced cryoprotection of porcine spermatozoa. Further study for clarifying the possible mechanism of cryoprotective effect of HHP on porcine sperm is warranted.
Microstimulation of a Neural-Network Model for Visually Guided Saccades (1989)

Microstimulation of many saccadic centers in the brain produces eye movements that are not consistent with either a strictly retinal or strictly head-centered coordinate coding of eye movements. Rather, stimulation produces some features of both types of coordinate coding. Recently we demonstrated a neural network model that was trained to localize the position of visual stimuli in head-centered coordinates at the output using inputs of eye and retinal position similar to those converging on area 7a of the posterior parietal cortex of monkeys (Zipser & Andersen 1988; Andersen & Zipser 1988). Here we show that microstimulation of this trained network, achieved by fully activating single units in the middle layer, produces "saccades" that are very much like the saccades produced by stimulating the brain. The activity of the middle-layer units can be considered to code the desired location of the eyes in head-centered coordinates; however, stimulation of these units does not produce the saccades predicted by a classical head-centered coordinate coding because the location in space appears to be coded in a distributed fashion among a population of units rather than explicitly at the level of single cells.
Context-Based Zero-Interaction Pairing and Key Evolution for Advanced Personal Devices (2014)

Solutions for pairing devices without prior security associations typically require users to actively take part in the pairing process of the devices. Scenarios involving new types of devices like Internet-of-Things (IoT) appliances and wearable devices make it, however, desirable to be able to pair users' personal devices without user involvement. In this paper, we present a new approach for secure zero-interaction pairing suitable for IoT and wearable devices.
<title>Prototype neural network pattern recognition testbed</title> (1991)

Recent successes ofneural networks has led to an optimistic outlook for neural network applications to image processing(IP). This paperpresents a general architecture for performing comparative studies of neural processing and more conventional IF techniques as well as hybrid pattern recognition (PR) systems. Two hybrid PR systems have been simulated each of which incorporate both conventional and neural processing techniques.
A Complex Intronic Splicing Enhancer from the c- src Pre-mRNA Activates Inclusion of a Heterologous Exon (1997)

The mouse c-src gene contains a short neuron-specific exon, N1. To characterize the sequences that regulate N1 splicing, we used a heterologous gene, derived from the human beta-globin gene, containing a short internal exon that is usually skipped by the splicing machinery. Various fragments from the src gene were inserted into the globin substrate to measure their effects on the splicing of the test exon. These clones were transiently expressed in neuronal and nonneuronal cell lines, and the level of exon inclusion was measured by primer extension. Several sequences from the N1 exon region induced the splicing of the heterologous exon. The most powerful effect was seen with a sequence from the intron downstream of the N1 exon. This sequence acted as a strong splicing enhancer, activating splicing of the test exon when placed in the intron downstream. The enhancer was strongest in neuronal LA-N-5 cells but also activated splicing in nonneuronal HEK293 cells. Deletion and linker scanning mutagenesis indicate that the enhancer is made up of multiple smaller elements that must act in combination. One of these elements was identified as the sequence UGCAUG. Three copies of this element can strongly activate splicing of the test exon in LA-N-5 neuroblastoma cells. These component elements of the src splicing enhancer are also apparently involved in the splicing of other short cassette exons.
Blood collection and transfusion in the United States in 2001 (2007)

The margin between transfusion demand and the total allogeneic supply in 2001 was 1,162,000 units, 7.9 percent of supply. By comparison, the 1999 margin was 9.1 percent. The rate of blood collection per 1,000 donor-eligible population in 2001 was 8.9 percent higher than in 1999, due largely to additional donations following the September terrorist attacks. During the same period, however, the rate of transfusion per 1,000 total US population increased by 9.9 percent to 50.0 units, the highest in 15 years of measurement. The steady increase in demand continues to challenge the US blood community.
An Electron Microscopic Investigation of Time-Related Changes in the Intestine of Neonatal Mice Infected with Murine Rotavirus (1988)

Seven-day-old mice were infected orally with murine rotavirus (EDIM) and regions of the gut examined at 24 h intervals up to 7 days by electron microscopy. Structural changes were correlated with data on viral antigen production, thymidine kinase activity, and clinical signs of diarrhea. No pathological changes were detected in the colon. Infection and structural damage were confined to the small intestine, with middle regions showing the most pronounced changes. Constriction of villus bases, edema of the lamina propria, and vacuolation of enterocytes occurred at 24 h postinfection (PI), i.e., before evidence of major virus replication. Transient villus atrophy occurred at 48 h PI. Recovery of villus length was evident by 72 h PI accompanied by evidence of marked enterocyte replication at villus bases. Many enterocytes were damaged with little evidence for the presence of virus particles. By 96 h PI, villi had almost recovered from infection although some enterocytes were still damaged; no virus particles were detected in these cells. A second phase of villus damage and edema of the lamina propria occurred at 120 h PI; the pathology resembled that at 24-48 h PI. By 144 to 168 h PI, recovery of the mucosa from infection was virtually complete. We suggest that many of the pathological features following rotavirus infection result from rotavirus-induced ischemia of villi and that diarrhea results from malabsorption of fluid by damaged villi and hypersecretion of ions released from increased numbers of dividing cells at villus-crypt borders.
Accurate and sensitive quantification of protein-DNA binding affinity (2018)

Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by binding to genomic DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Mutations in TF binding sites are increasingly found to be associated with human disease, yet we currently lack robust methods to predict these sites. Here, we developed a versatile maximum likelihood framework named No Read Left Behind (NRLB) that infers a biophysical model of protein-DNA recognition across the full affinity range from a library of in vitro selected DNA binding sites. NRLB predicts human Max homodimer binding in near-perfect agreement with existing low-throughput measurements. It can capture the specificity of the p53 tetramer and distinguish multiple binding modes within a single sample. Additionally, we confirm that newly identified low-affinity enhancer binding sites are functional in vivo, and that their contribution to gene expression matches their predicted affinity. Our results establish a powerful paradigm for identifying protein binding sites and interpreting gene regulatory sequences in eukaryotic genomes.
Chronic inflammation and the effect of IGF-I on muscle strength and power in older persons (2003)

Deregulation of the inflammatory response plays a major role in the age-related decline of physical performance. The causal pathway leading from inflammation to disability has not been fully clarified, but several researches suggest that interleukin-6 (IL-6) causes a reduction of physical performance in elderly through its effect on muscle function. In vitro studies demonstrated that IL-6 inhibits the secretion of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its biological activity, suggesting that the negative effect of IL-6 on muscle function might be mediated through IGF-I. We evaluated the joint effect of IGF-I and IL-6 on muscle function in a population-based sample of 526 persons with a wide age range (20-102 yr). After adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, body mass index, IL-6 receptor, and IL-6 promoter polymorphism, IL-6, IGF-I, and their interaction were significant predictors of handgrip and muscle power. In analyses stratified by IL-6 tertiles, IGF-I was an independent predictor of muscle function only in subjects in the lowest IL-6 tertile, suggesting that the effect of IGF-I on muscle function depends on IL-6 levels. This mechanism may explain why IL-6 is a strong risk factor for disability.
Persistent burnout theory of chronic fatigue syndrome (2015)

There is no agreement on the etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and the main theories (behavioural and viral/immune) do not satisfactorily explain all findings. A growing body of evidence shows that CFS appears to be a dysfunction of the stress system—and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in particular—as a result of chronic stress. CFS shares many similarities to occupational burnout, including similar symptoms, physiological abnormalities and triggers. After a review of the available evidence, I hypothesize that CFS is a state of persistent burnout that remains after the initial stressors have been removed. This persistence may be due to a combination of a dysregulation of the HPA axis and behavioural factors.
Randomized trial of allergen‐induced asthmatic response in smokers and non‐smokers: effects of inhaled corticosteroids (2015)

Allergen-induced LARs were of a similar amplitude in both smoking and non-smoking atopic asthmatics at the end of ICS treatment, but attenuation of the LAR in smokers was only partly associated with ICS treatment. The marked attenuation of the LAR observed in smokers in the absence of ICS treatment is a novel observation.
Superfluid Helmholtz Resonators (1966)

The equations governing the resonances of a superfluid in a Helmholtz resonator have been developed. Four cases are considered: (1) when the entire resonator is packed with a superleak; (2) when only the neck is packed with superleak; (3) when only the volume is packed with the superleak; (4) when no superleak is present. The solutions for the first three cases are identical. The results give two resonant frequencies, one of which is zero. The zero-frequency mode corresponds to second sound, or entropy waves, that is unable to propagate due to the immobility of the normal fluid. The second resonant frequency is given by ω2=U42(A/Vl), where U4 is the velocity of fourth sound and where A, l, and V are the effective values of the cross-sectional area of the neck, the length of the neck, and volume of the resonator, respectively. The fourth case also gives two resonant frequencies. The first is the usual Helmholtz resonance for a pressure wave and is given by ω2=U12(A/Vl), where U1 is the velocity of first sound. The second resonant frequency corresponds to second sound and is given by ω2=U22(A/Vl), where U2 is the velocity of second sound. Experiments on first sound resonance give values of U1, which agree with other measurements.
Scene Reconstruction and Visualization from Internet Photo Collections: A Survey (2011)

The Internet has become an unprecedented source of visual information about our world, with millions of people uploading photos and videos to media-sharing sites at staggering rates. Virtually all of the world's famous landmarks and cities (and many not-so-famous ones) have been photographed hundreds of thousands or millions of times, and billions of these photos can be found on photo-sharing websites. This richness and variety make such Internet photo collections extremely attractive as a source of data for applications ranging from mapping and visualization to social science. However, a prerequisite to many such applications is recovering structure — often in the form of 3D geometry — from these massive, unorganized collections of imagery. This ever-growing collection of visual data opens up fundamental new questions in computer vision and computer graphics, where traditional techniques designed for small, controlled sets of images cannot be readily applied. This article surveys recent work on applying geometric computer vision to large, unstructured photo collections, as well as applications enabled by these new techniques in scene visualization, location recognition, image editing, and other areas of computer vision and graphics.