gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereo based ROIs generation for detecting pedestrians in close proximity (2014)

Region of Interests (ROIs) generation plays a critical role in pedestrian detection systems. The challenge lies in generating as few ROIs as possible at low computational complexity, while ensuring none of the pedestrians in the scene are omitted. However, existing ROIs generation methods either result in a large number of irrelevant ROIs or are compute-intensive. In addition, distinguishing pedestrians who are in close proximity is still a big challenge. In this paper, we propose an efficient stereo based ROIs generation method that is based on a two-level incremental segmentation strategy. An adaptive strategy is first employed to identify a minimal set of clusters from the u-disparity image. The initial clusters are then further refined to distinguish pedestrians in close proximity. Experimental results based on a challenging benchmark show that the proposed algorithm outperforms two state-of-art baseline algorithms by being able to distinguish pedestrians in close proximity with a small number of ROIs.
THE TURNOVER OF NUCLEAR DNA-LIKE RNA IN HELA CELLS (1968)

The subcellular distribution of various types of RNA in HeLa cells is described. In addition, the relative rate of synthesis of the major classes of nuclear RNA has been determined. From these experiments it can be deduced that the heterogeneous nuclear RNA fraction is rapidly synthesized and degraded within the cell nucleus.
The NMR spectra and conformations of dihydropyran derivatives—I: The conformations of 2‐alkoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐α‐pyran‐6‐carboxylic esters (1970)

Abstract On the basis of NMR spectra of trans ‐ and cis ‐2‐alkoxy‐5,6‐α‐pyran‐6‐carboxylic esters it was found that, at room temperature, the trans ‐compounds exist exclusively in the conformation with equatorial carbalkoxy and pseudoaxial alkoxy groups. The cis ‐isomers appear to be in conformational equilibrium between a form with equatorial carbalkoxy and pseudoequatorial alkoxy groups and that with axial and pseudoaxial substituents. In the latter case, the axial carbalkoxy group is bent out off its normal position by about 15°.
Speech/Silence segmentation for real-time coding via rule based adaptive endpoint detection (2005)

A new algorithmic technique is presented for efficiently implementing the end-point decisions necessary to separate and segment speech from noisy background environments. The algorithm utilizes a set of computationally efficient production rules that are used to generate speech and noise metrics continuously from the input speech waveform. These production rules are based on statistical assumptions about the characteristics of the speech and noise waveform and are generated via time-domain processing to achieve a zero delay decision. An end-pointer compares the speech and silence metrics using an adaptive thresholding scheme with a hysteresis characteristic to control the switching speed of the speech/silence decision. The paper further describes the application of this algorithm to silence compression of speech in which speech segments are encoded with a low bit-rate encoding scheme and silence information is characterized by a set of parameters. In the receiver the resulting packetized speech is reconstructed by decoding the speech segments and reconstructing the silence intervals through a noise substitution process in which the amplitude and duration of background noise is defined by the silence parameters. A noise generation technique is described which utilizes an 18th order polynomial to generate a spectrally flat pseudo-random sequence that is filtered to match the mean coloration of acoustical background noise. A technique is further described in which the speech/silence transitions are merged rather than switched to achieve maximum subjective performance of the compression technique. The above silence compression algorithm has been implemented in a single DSP-20 signal processing chip using sub-band coding for speech encoding. Using this system, experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the technique and to verify the robustness of the endpoint and silence compression over a wide range of background noise conditions.
Can the early hatched cuttlefish Sepia savignyi cope with the environmental conditions in the Red Sea by the help of eyes and optic lobes? (2022)

The Red Sea is characterized by its high temperature, pH and salinity in summary which affect greatly the eggs development and early hatched embryos of cephalopods. Therefore, the present work aims to study the structure of eyes and optic lobes of the hatchlings of the cuttlefish Sepia savignyi to know how these structures can help these juveniles to live in their habitats in the Red Sea. Also, the structures of these organs were compared with that in other hatchlings of cephalopods in other ecological niches. The results indicated that the anatomical structure of eyes and the optic lobes is related to their functions and the different needs of the lifestyle of hatchling of this cuttlefish in its environment in the Red Sea for swimming, sensation and foraging in its habitats.
Cell-swelling-induced taurine release from isolated perfused rat liver (1994)

Astrocytes and lymphocytes are able to release significant amounts of taurine during periods of hypotonicity to reduce the increase in cell volume. To investigate this mechanism in the liver, we studied the release of free amino acids from isolated perfused rat liver during hypotonicity. The osmolarity of the perfusion medium was reduced from 305 to 255 or 205 mosM by decreasing the NaCl concentration 25 or 50 mM, respectively. This induced an 6-8% increase in liver mass and was associated with a specific 1.7-fold (-50 mosM) and 14-fold (-100 mosM) increase of the taurine release. None of the other amino acids measured showed a significant increase in their concentration in the effluent. The increase in taurine release occurred within 30 s after exposure to hypotonicity (maximal after 1-1.5 min) and followed closely the changes in liver mass. The taurine release declined gradually during successive exposures of the isolated liver to -100 mosM. This release was 29 and 17% of the original during the second and third exposure, respectively.
Phenotyping 3D coral models in MeshLab v1 (2020)

This protocol describes the process of phenotyping branching coral using the 3D model editing software, MeshLab. MeshLab is a free, straightforward software to analyze 3D models of corals that is especially useful in its ability to import color from Agisoft Metashape models. This protocol outlines the steps used by the Kenkel lab to noninvasively phenotype Acropora cervicornis colonies for total linear extension (TLE), surface area, volume, and volume of interstitial space. We incorporate Agisoft Metashape markers with our Tomahawk scaling system (see Image Capture Protocol) in our workflow which is useful for scaling and to improve model building. Other scaling objects can be used, however these markers provide a consistent scale that do not obstruct the coral during image capture. MeshLab measurements of TLE have been groundtruthed to field measures of TLE. 3D surface area and volume have not yet been compared to traditional methods of wax dipping, for surface area, and water displacement, for volume. However, in tests with shapes of known dimensions, i.e. cubes, MeshLab produced accurate measures of 3D surface area and volume when compared to calculated surface area and volume. For directions to photograph coral for 3D photogrammetry see our Image Capture Protocol. For a walkthrough and scripts to run Agisoft Metashape on the command line, see https://github.com/wyattmillion/Coral3DPhotogram. These protocols, while created for branching coral, can be applied to 3D models of any coral morphology or any object really. Our goal is to make easy-to-use protocols using accessible softwares in the hopes of creating a standardized method for 3D photogrammetry in coral biology. Go to http://www.meshlab.net/#download to download the appropriate software for your operating system. P. Cignoni, M. Callieri, M. Corsini, M. Dellepiane, F. Ganovelli, G. Ranzuglia MeshLab: an Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, page 129-136, 2008
An Automated Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Technique for the Study of Modeled Arterial Flow Fields (1995)

An automated three-dimensional particle tracking technique has been developed to study particle motion in modeled flow fields. A high speed video recording system. Kodak Ektapro 1000, with two cameras arranged relatively orthogonally is used for this technique. The particle tracking data are compared to theoretical Poiseuille flow and to laser Doppler data from an axisymmetric stenosis model. The particle tracking data are in good agreement with both theoretical and laser Doppler data, and at least 79 percent of the particle paths were determined successfully. Fluid dynamic properties derived by this technique are: 3-D particle paths, velocity, and particle residence time.
A General Model for Authentic Data Publication (2001)

Query answers from on-line databases can easily be corrupted by hackers or malicious intent by the database publisher. Thus it is important to provide mechanisms which allow clients to trust the results from on-line queries. Authentic publication is a novel scheme which allows untrusted publishers to securely answer queries from clients on behalf of trusted off-line data owners. Publishers validate answers using compact, unforgeable verification objects (VOs), which clients can check efficiently. To make authentic publication attractive it is important for the VOs to be small, efficiently computable and verifiable. This has led to the development of a number of data representations for efficient VO computation. In this paper, we prove the security of VOs for a new general data model called Search DAGs. Our security theorem for Search DAGS gives simple security proofs and efficient VOs for a broad range of known structures including binary trees, multi-dimensional range trees, and skip lists. Our approach also helps to provide a clean separation between the proof of security and efficiency. We also use search DAGs to prove the security of two new and much more complex data models for efficient multi-dimensional range searches. This allows compact VOs to be computed (size O(log N + T)) for typical 1D and 2D range queries, where the query answer is of size T and the database is of size N. We also show I/O efficient schemes to construct the VOs. For a system with disk blocks of size B, we answer 1D and 3-sided range queries and compute the VOs with O(log BN + T/B) I/O operations using linear size data structures.
Excitation for Adaptive Optimal Control of Nonlinear Systems in Differential Games (2022)

This article focuses on the fulfillment of the persistent excitation (PE) condition for signals which result from transformations by means of polynomials. This is essential, e.g., for the convergence of adaptive dynamic programming algorithms due to commonly used polynomial function approximators. As theoretical statements are scarce regarding the nonlinear transformation of PE signals, we propose conditions on the system state such that its transformation by polynomials is PE. To validate our theoretical statements, we develop an exemplary excitation procedure based on our conditions using a feed-forward control approach and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in a nonzero-sum differential game. In this setting, our approach outperforms commonly used probing noise in terms of convergence time and the degree of PE, shown by a numerical example.
Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics (1986)

This book brings together the most important topics in experimental particle physics over the past forty years to give a brief but balanced overview of the subject. The author begins by reviewing particle physics and discussing electromagnetic and nuclear interactions. He then goes on to discuss three nearly universal aspects of particle physics experiments: beams, targets, and fast electronics. The second part of the book treats in detail the properties of various types of particle detector, such as scintillation counters, Cerenkov counters, proportional chambers, drift chambers, sampling calorimeters, and specialized detectors. Wherever possible the author attempts to enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of performance. Finally, he discusses aspects of specific experiments, such as properties of triggers, types of measurement, spectrometers, and the integration of detectors into coherent systems. Throughout the book, each chapter begins with a discussion of the basic principles involved, followed by selective examples.
Lazy release consistency for distributed shared memory (1996)

A software distributed shared memory (DSM) system allows shared memory parallel programs to execute on networks of workstations. This thesis presents a new class of protocols that has lower communication requirements than previous DSM protocols, and can consequently achieve higher performance. The lazy release consistent protocols achieve this reduction in communication by piggybacking consistency information on top of existing synchronization transfers. Some of the protocols also improve performance by speculatively moving data.\nWe evaluate the impact of these features by comparing the performance of a software DSM using lazy protocols with that of a DSM using previous eager protocols. We found that seven of our eight applications performed better on the lazy system, and four of the applications showed performance speedups of at least 18%. As part of this comparison, we show that the cost of executing the slightly more complex code of the lazy protocols is far less important than the reduction in communication requirements. We also compare the lazy performance with that of a hardware supported shared memory system that uses processors and caches similar to those of the workstations running our DSM. Our DSM system was able to approach, and in one case even surpass, the performance of the hardware system for applications with coarse-grained parallelism, but the hardware system performed significantly better for programs with fine-grained parallelism.\nOverall, the results indicate that DSMs using lazy protocols have become a viable alternative for high-performance parallel processing.
Analytical models and system topologies for remote multispectral data acquisition and classification (1978)

Simple analytical models are presented of the radiometric and statistical processes that are involved in multispectral data acquisition and classification. Also presented are basic system topologies which combine remote sensing with data classification. These models and topologies offer a preliminary but systematic step towards the use of computer simulations to analyze remote multispectral data acquisition and classification systems.
Laser-scanning velocimetry: A confocal microscopy method for quantitative measurement of cardiovascular performance in zebrafish embryos and larvae (2019)

Abstract Background The zebrafish Danio rerio is an important model system for drug discovery and to study cardiovascular development. Using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, we have developed a non-invasive method of measuring cardiac performance in zebrafish embryos and larvae that obtains cardiovascular parameters similar to those obtained using Doppler echocardiography in mammals. A laser scan line placed parallel to the path of blood in the dorsal aorta measures blood cell velocity, from which cardiac output and indices of vascular resistance and contractility are calculated. Results This technique, called laser-scanning velocimetry, was used to quantify the effects of pharmacological, developmental, and genetic modifiers of cardiac function. Laser-scanning velocimetry was applied to analyze the cardiovascular effects of morpholino knockdown of osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3 (OSM), which when mutated causes the human vascular disease cerebral cavernous malformations. OSM-deficient embryos had a constricted aortic arch and markedly increased peak cell velocity, a characteristic indicator of aortic stenosis. Conclusion These data validate laser-scanning velocimetry as a quantitative tool to measure cardiovascular performance for pharmacological and genetic analysis in zebrafish, which requires no specialized equipment other than a laser-scanning confocal microscope.
Do nonpartisan ballots racialize candidate evaluations? Evidence from “Who Said What?” experiments (2021)

At last count, U.S. voters were responsible for directly electing more than 510,000 public officials. Few of these contests feature lively campaigns or attract substantial media attention, often leaving the average voter to make decisions with limited information. We argue that the cognitive strategies voters use to make decisions in these low-information contests depend in part on the informational cues printed on their ballot—in particular, the presence or absence of partisan labels. Using two “Who Said What?” experiments, we show that voters engage in social categorization—and do so on the basis of race and ethnicity when candidates differ in their demographic background. We also find, however, that the availability of party labels shapes the degree to which voters categorize candidates based on their race and ethnicity. A central implication of our results is that efforts to increase minority representation should look beyond electoral institutions—such as district versus at-large elections—to the information printed on the ballot itself.
Single-Crystal Epitaxial Thin Films of the Isotropic Metallic Oxides Sr 1– x Ca x RuO 3 (0 ≤ × ≤ 1) (1992)

Single-crystal epitaxial thin films of the isotropic metallic oxides Sr1-xCaxRuO(3) (0 </= x </= 1) were grown on miscut SrTiO(3)(100) substrates in situ by 90 degrees off-axis sputtering. These thin films exhibit low isotropic resistivities, excellent chemical and thermal stability, good surface smoothness, and high crystalline quality. Furthermore, the lattice parameters and magnetic properties can be varied by simply changing the strontium/calcium ratio. These epitaxial thin films, and their multilayer structures with other oxide materials, can be used for the fabrication of superconducting, ferroelectric, magneto-optic, and electro-optic devices.
Virtual Tour Univeristas Bina Darma Berbasis Android (2022)

Bina Darma University is one of the private universities located in the city of Palembang. In providing information about the institution, Bina Darma University has used several methods, including websites, brochures, TV streaming, radio and social media such as Instagram and Facebok. However, from several existing media, it turns out that it still doesn't provide information about the location of the room and also the places around the campus. In this case, researchers are interested in making an information media application to introduce the area around the campus by using virtual tour technology with Android-based mobile technology with an offline system so that it will be easier, because it can be accessed using smartphones or other android-based gadgets without a connection. Internet. The applications used in the manufacture of Andoid applications are Unity 3D. The development method used in building this virtual tour application of the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle).&#x0D; Keywords: Virtual Tour, Unity 3D, Mobile, Android, MDLC
The Global Carbon Cycle: Geological Processes (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Organic carbon cycling Carbonate cycling Mantle degassing Metamorphism Silicate weathering Feedbacks Balancing the geological carbon cycle Evolution of the geological carbon cycle through Earth's history: proxies and models The geological C cycle through time Limitations and perspectives References
Successive cancellation decoding of Reed-Solomon codes (2014)

A novel soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes over GF(2 m ) is proposed, which is based on representing them as polar codes with dynamic frozen symbols and applying the successive cancellation method. A further performance improvement is obtained by exploiting multiple permutations of codewords which are taken from the automorphism group of Reed-Muller codes. It is also shown that the proposed algorithm can be simplified in the case of decoding a binary image of the Reed-Solomon code.
Backlit Keyboard Inspection Using Machine Vision (2015)

Abstract?A robust system for backlit keyboard inspection is revealed. The backlit keyboard not only has changeable diverse colors but also has the laser marking keys. The keys on the keyboard can be divided into regions of function keys, normal keys, and number keys. However, there might have some types of defects: incorrect illuminating area, non-uniform illumination of specified inspection region (IR), and incorrect luminance and intensity of individual key. Since the illumination features of backlit keyboard are too complex to inspect for human inspector in the production line, an auto-mated inspection system for the backlit keyboard is proposed in this paper. The system was designed into the operation module and inspection module. A set of image processing methods were developed for these defects inspection. Some experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Neurally Mediated Syncope Associated with Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review (2011)

We encountered a case of limited-disease small cell lung cancer with episodic syncope. The frequency of the syncopal attacks increased with the increase in the tumor size, thus a relationship was suspected to exist between the SCLC and syncope. Syncope was evaluated by history taking, 24-hour ECG monitoring, and coronary angiography. As orthostatic hypotension and cardiac disease could be excluded, we finally diagnosed this case as neurally mediated syncope. Serum tests for anti-Hu and anti-Yo antibodies were negative. A temporary pacemaker was inserted for sick sinus syndrome. This patient showed good response to the chemotherapy. No further syncopal attacks were observed after the second course of chemotherapy. Here, in addition we review four cases of SCLC with episodic syncope. Interestingly, in all cases, the tumor was located in the left hilum in close vicinity of the afferent vagal nerve (C-fibers) and mechano-receptor. Therefore, we thought that the mechanism underlying the syncope was mechano-receptor hypersensitivity.
Anatomy of the prostate: An historical survey of divergent views (1980)

Historically, the study of the prostate anatomy has been characterized by a proliferation of contradictory findings. The major divergent views of prostate anatomy are here reviewed and compared in order to facilitate further study and the ultimate selection of the best anatomical model. The details of Lowsley's original concept of the prostate lobes and the subsequent evolution of this concept into several contradictory hypotheses are traced. Discrepancies between the findings of Lowsley, Franks, and McNeal are explained. Conclusions are drawn which may facilitate the further study of anatomy and disease in both the human animal prostate.
Characterizing Discourse Deficits Following Penetrating Head Injury: A Preliminary Model (2013)

In spite of differing mechanisms of injury, the PHI group's discourse performance was consistent with what has been reported for individuals with CHI. The model tested represents a preliminary step toward understanding discourse production following traumatic brain injury.