gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced optical devices using Sagnac interference in integrated photonics (2023)

As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). Here, we present our latest results for functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. We outline the theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. We present our latest results for Sagnac interference devices realized in integrated photonic chips, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, and optical analogues of quantum physics.
The Potent Inhibitory Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a Novel NSAID with Immunosuppressive Property on Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies, Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-dsDNA Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2017)

M2000 shows inhibitory effect on anti-CCP, RF, anti-dsDNA antibodies and acute phase reactants in RA patients.
Reciprocal Cross Talk between Fatty Acid and Antibiotic Biosynthesis in a Nematode Symbiont (2012)

Verschiedene Anordnungen verzweigter Ketosäure-Dehydrogenasen, die an der Biosynthese zellulärer Bausteine beteiligt sind, wurden identifiziert (siehe Schema). Der direkte Crosstalk zwischen Ketosynthasen (KS) des Sekundärmetabolismus und der Fettsäure-Biosynthese wird demonstriert; dabei zeigt sich, dass die Biosynthese ungeradzahliger Isofettsäuren mit der Produktion von Pristinamycin IIa verknüpft ist.
GPU-Based Interactive Simulation of Liver Resection (2011)

This GPU-based interactive simulation of laparoscopic liver resection is implemented using the open-source SOFA framework. While similar medical simulators have been developed in the past, this demo relies on advanced methods and the computational power of current GPUs to simulate multiple organs with high-resolution deformations and collisions in real time. It is based on recently proposed methods: high-resolution Finite Element Model (FEM) with implicit time-integration implemented on GPU, volume-contact constraints, an efficient numerical solver based on asynchronous preconditioning, and improvements in visual and haptic rendering. And it uses detailed meshes generated from segmented CT scans to facilitate reproduction of patient-specific scenarios, which is necessary for pre-operative rehearsal of complex or risky medical procedures.
Influence of microwave treatment on the electrophysical characteristics of technically important semiconductors and surface-barrier structures (1998)

An investigation is made of changes in the electrophysical parameters of narrow-gap (CdxHg1−x Te x=0.22–0.24) and wide-gap (gallium arsenide, indium and gallium phosphides) semiconductor materials and Schottky-barrier diode structures based on these materials, stimulated by microwave electromagnetic radiation. It is shown that the parameters of materials and device structures may be improved by defect gettering. An analysis is made of possible mechanisms for the interaction between microwave radiation and the objects being studied.
Fall Bulletin 1997 (1997)

TABLE OF CONTENTS From the Director (John Wolff) - 1 • Observations of an Indian in Indonesia by Siddarth Chandra - 2 • Parents' Attitudes Towards Their Childrens' Education in Thailand by Lindy Williams - 4 • The Vietnamese Language Program: A Personal Dialogue by Thuy Tranviet - 8 • A Place in the Middle by Jennifer Krier - 11 • Asian Studies Today by Keith Taylor - 12 • Technology in the Lirary - 14 • Southeast Asia Program Publications - 16 • New Faculty at SEAP - 17 • SEAP Faculty - 18 • Recent Doctoral Dissertations - 19 • Recent Master's Theses - 20
Prevention of tracheal aspiration using the pressure‐limited tracheal tube cuff (1999)

A new design of tracheal tube cuff, the pressure-limited cuff, used with a constant-pressure inflation system, was compared with a high-volume low-pressure cuffed tracheal tube for leakage of dye placed in the subglottic space into the trachea. Patients requiring ventilation on the intensive care unit were randomly allocated into two groups, one for each type of cuff, and blue food dye was instilled daily via a fine catheter above the cuff into the subglottic space. There were eight patients in the high-volume low-pressure group and seven in the pressure-limited cuff group. Dye leaked into the trachea in seven (87%) of the high-volume low-pressure group compared with none (0%) of the pressure-limited cuff group (p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that the pressure-limited cuffed tracheal tube, in combination with a constant-pressure inflation device, prevents leakage of fluid into the lungs that occurs with high-volume low-pressure cuffs in the critically ill, intubated patient.
The crystal structure and growth direction of Cu2S nanowire arrays fabricated on a copper surface (2001)

We examine the crystal structure and growth direction of Cu2S nanowire arrays grown from copper surfaces at room temperature. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) techniques, the monoclinic Cu2S nanowires are shown to grow preferentially along the c-axis, characterized by a layered structure. This result may shed light on the unusual growth mechanism of the Cu2S nanowires.
The pharmacodynamics of diphenhydramine-induced drowsiness and changes in mental performance (1989)

The time course of diphenhydramine concentrations and effects on both mental performance and subjective feelings of drowsiness were assessed in 15 healthy men. Subjects received single oral doses of diphenhydramine, 50 mg, and placebo in this double-blind crossover study. Diphenhydramine plasma concentrations and central nervous system actions were assessed for 24 hours after each treatment. Cognitive impairment was assessed with an automobile driving simulator and digit symbol substitution scores, whereas drowsiness was self-assessed on a visual analog scale. Diphenhydramine produced significant feelings of drowsiness for up to 6 hours after the dose, whereas significant mental impairment was apparent for only 2 hours. Despite the difference in duration of these effects, drowsiness and mental impairment have parallel slopes when effects are related to diphenhydramine concentrations. These data suggest that although the apparent diphenhydramine concentration thresholds to produce drowsiness are lower (30.4 to 41.5 ng/ml) than those needed to produce mental impairment (58.2 to 74.4 ng/ml), these effects have profiles consistent with their being manifestations of the same pharmacologic effect.
An algorithm for the appraisal of assurance indicators for complex business processes (2007)

In order to provide certified security services we must provide indicators that can measure the level of assurance that a complex business process can offer. Unfortunately the formulation of security indicators is not amenable to efficient algorithms able to evaluate the level of assurance of complex process from its components. In this paper we show an algorithm based on FD-Graphs (a variant of directed hypergraphs) that can be used to compute in polynomial time (i) the overall assurance indicator of a complex business process from its components for arbitrary monotone composition functions, (ii) the subpart of the business process that is responsible for such assurance indicator (i.e. the best security alternative).
Assembly of a Three-Dimensional Multitype Bronchiole Coculture Model Using Magnetic Levitation (2013)

A longstanding goal in biomedical research has been to create organotypic cocultures that faithfully represent native tissue environments. There is presently great interest in representative culture models of the lung, which is a particularly challenging tissue to recreate in vitro. This study used magnetic levitation in conjunction with magnetic nanoparticles as a means of creating an organized three-dimensional (3D) coculture of the bronchiole that sequentially layers cells in a manner similar to native tissue architecture. The 3D coculture model was assembled from four human cell types in the bronchiole: endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, and epithelial cells (EpiCs). This study represents the first effort to combine these particular cell types into an organized bronchiole coculture. These cell layers were first cultured in 3D by magnetic levitation, and then manipulated into contact with a custom-made magnetic pen, and again cultured for 48 h. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the resulting coculture showed four distinct layers within the 3D coculture. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the phenotype of each of the four cell types and showed organized extracellular matrix formation, particularly, with collagen type I. Positive stains for CD31, von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle α-actin, vimentin, and fibronectin demonstrate the maintenance of the phenotype for endothelial cells, SMCs, and fibroblasts. Positive stains for mucin-5AC, cytokeratin, and E-cadherin after 7 days with and without 1% fetal bovine serum showed that EpiCs maintained the phenotype and function. This study validates magnetic levitation as a method for the rapid creation of organized 3D cocultures that maintain the phenotype and induce extracellular matrix formation.
Catalytic Synthesis of 8‐Membered Ring Compounds via Cobalt(III)‐Carbene Radicals (2020)

Abstract The metalloradical activation of o ‐aryl aldehydes with tosylhydrazide and a cobalt(II) porphyrin catalyst produces cobalt(III)‐carbene radical intermediates, providing a new and powerful strategy for the synthesis of medium‐sized ring structures. Herein we make use of the intrinsic radical‐type reactivity of cobalt(III)‐carbene radical intermediates in the [Co II (TPP)]‐catalyzed (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) synthesis of two types of 8‐membered ring compounds; novel dibenzocyclooctenes and unprecedented monobenzocyclooctadienes. The method was successfully applied to afford a variety of 8‐membered ring compounds in good yields and with excellent substituent tolerance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results suggest that the reactions proceed via hydrogen atom transfer from the bis‐allylic/benzallylic C−H bond to the carbene radical, followed by two divergent processes for ring‐closure to the two different types of 8‐membered ring products. While the dibenzocyclooctenes are most likely formed by dissociation of o ‐quinodimethanes ( o ‐QDMs) which undergo a non‐catalyzed 8π‐cyclization, DFT calculations suggest that ring‐closure to the monobenzocyclooctadienes involves a radical‐rebound step in the coordination sphere of cobalt. The latter mechanism implies that unprecedented enantioselective ring‐closure reactions to chiral monobenzocyclooctadienes should be possible, as was confirmed for reactions mediated by a chiral cobalt‐porphyrin catalyst.
Neural Compositional Rule Learning for Knowledge Graph Reasoning (2023)

Learning logical rules is critical to improving reasoning in KGs. This is due to their ability to provide logical and interpretable explanations when used for predictions, as well as their ability to generalize to other tasks, domains, and data. While recent methods have been proposed to learn logical rules, the majority of these methods are either restricted by their computational complexity and can not handle the large search space of large-scale KGs, or show poor generalization when exposed to data outside the training set. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end neural model for learning compositional logical rules called NCRL. NCRL detects the best compositional structure of a rule body, and breaks it into small compositions in order to infer the rule head. By recurrently merging compositions in the rule body with a recurrent attention unit, NCRL finally predicts a single rule head. Experimental results show that NCRL learns high-quality rules, as well as being generalizable. Specifically, we show that NCRL is scalable, efficient, and yields state-of-the-art results for knowledge graph completion on large-scale KGs. Moreover, we test NCRL for systematic generalization by learning to reason on small-scale observed graphs and evaluating on larger unseen ones.
Optimized Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Data (2022)

AI optimization to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanical assessments augments accuracy for ectasia detection, characterizing ectasia susceptibility in the diverse VAE-NT group. Some patients with VAE may have true unilateral ectasia. Machine learning considering additional data, including epithelial thickness or other parameters from multimodal refractive imaging, will continuously enhance accuracy. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
Short-term changes in dietary sodium intake influence sweat sodium concentration and muscle sodium content in healthy individuals (2019)

Muscle and sweat sodium concentrations are significantly higher on a high-salt intake in healthy male and female individuals, suggesting that muscle and sweat play a role in regulating sodium balance in humans.
Investigation of the Impact of Abrasion as a Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat Deterioration (RSD) Mechanism (2011)

To meet the demands of increasing freight axle loads and cumulative gross tonnages, and high-speed passenger rail development in North America, the performance and service life of concrete railway crossties must be improved. According to a railway industry survey conducted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), rail seat deterioration (RSD) was identified as one of the primary factors limiting concrete crosstie service life. While previous research at UIUC focused on the moisture-driven mechanisms of RSD, the purpose of this study is to define and characterize abrasion in order to understand the criticality of abrasion as a failure mechanism. Abrasion is widely considered to be a viable mechanism leading to RSD; nonetheless, a lack of understanding of the complex properties affecting abrasion has resulted in a highly iterative design process for concrete crossties and fastening systems. When combined with abrasive fines and water that penetrate into the rail seat and pad interface, the frictional forces and relative movement of the concrete crosstie and fastening system equate to a seemingly ideal situation for the occurrence of abrasive wear. This paper includes an investigation of the tribological properties at the interface of the rail seat and pad and preliminary results from an experimental evaluation of the parameters that are believed to affect the rate of abrasion. By identifying the parameters that contribute to RSD, UIUC’s research will seek to mitigate the effects of abrasion with an overall goal of improving the performance of concrete crossties.
The effect of indexing on the complexity of object recognition (2002)

An examination is made of the problem of selecting models from a library, and the combinatorics of determining that a candidate object is not present in the data are examined. It is shown that the expected search is again exponential, implying that naive approaches to indexing are likely to carry an expensive overhead, since exponential work is needed to weed out each incorrect model. The analytical results are shown to be in agreement with empirical data for cluttered object recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Decoupling control based on PID neural network for plasma cutting system (2008)

A decoupling control based on PID (proportional-integral-derivative) neural network and relevant algorithms are proposed in this paper. They are introduced to solve problems of nonlinearity and strong coupling between cutting speed and torch’s height in plasma cutting system. The dynamic model of system was established with use of BP (back-propagation) neural network. The actual experimental cutting result shows that decoupling control technology based on PID neural network is an effective decoupling control for cutting speed and torch’s height in plasma cutting system.
Phase Reversed Image Reconstruction Method of Industrial Ultrasonic CT (2008)

Based on various ultrasonic CT technology that have been developed, a new type ultrasonic CT is proposed. One array transducer is used, detected at only one or two position on a specimen, and then created the received signal list array. With the received signal list array, the authors obtained a new algorithm, named virtual scan, which reconstructed the image of the specimen from both the amplitude and the phase of a received signal. Dealing the entire signal array with this method, the authors got a pretty image of the specimen, so the new method is effective in the situation of the experiments. Key words: phase reversed, ultrasonic CT, image reconstruction, virtual scan 1.
Alzheimer's disease, a multifactorial disorder seeking multitherapies (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial and apparently involves several different etiopathogenic mechanisms. There are at least five subgroups of AD based on cerebrospinal fluid levels of Abeta(1-42), a marker of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques, and tau and ubiquitin, two markers of neurofibrillary tangles. These different AD subgroups may respond differently to a given disease-modifying drug, and hence, different therapeutic drugs for different disease subgroups might be required. Stratification of AD patients by disease subgroups in clinical trials is critical to the successful development of potent disease-modifying drugs. Levels of disease markers in the cerebrospinal fluid are promising, both in identifying various subgroups of AD and in monitoring the response to therapeutic drugs.
Supported Ionic Liquids. New Recyclable Materials for the L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction (2006)

Abstract New materials for L ‐proline recycling have been developed. These materials have been applied to the L ‐proline‐catalyzed aldol reaction between acetone and several aldehydes. The L ‐proline has been supported on the surface of modified silica gels with a monolayer of covalently attached ionic liquid with or without additional adsorbed ionic liquid. Good yields and ee values, comparable with those obtained under homogeneous conditions, have been obtained especially with imidazolinium‐modified and 4‐methylpyridinium‐modified silica gels. Moreover, these materials have been easily recovered by simple filtration and studies about their reuse have been carried out. These studies showed that these materials can be used at least up to seven times. Finally, in the case of imidazolinium‐modified silica gel, investigations showed that this support can be regenerated giving again a recyclable material with high isolated yields and reproducible ee values up to 13 cycles.
Supplemental Table 1 from MCL-1 Is a Key Determinant of Breast Cancer Cell Survival: Validation of MCL-1 Dependency Utilizing a Highly Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1: Viability of breast cancer cell lines treated with PBS, scrambled siRNA (Sc; 20nMol) or MCL-1 siRNA (20nMol) for 72hrs compared to non-treated cells with associated genomic info.&lt;/p&gt;
Correction: Topological Structure of the Space of Phenotypes: The Case of RNA Neutral Networks (2011)

The evolution and adaptation of molecular populations is constrained by the diversity accessible through mutational processes.RNA is a paradigmatic example of biopolymer where genotype (sequence) and phenotype (approximated by the secondary structure fold) are identified in a single molecule.The extreme redundancy of the genotype-phenotype map leads to large ensembles of RNA sequences that fold into the same secondary structure and can be connected through single-point mutations.These ensembles define neutral networks of phenotypes in sequence space.Here we analyze the topological properties of neutral networks formed by 12-nucleotides RNA sequences, obtained through the exhaustive folding of sequence space.A total of 4 12 sequences fragments into 645 subnetworks that correspond to 57 different secondary structures.The topological analysis reveals that each subnetwork is far from being random: it has a degree distribution with a well-defined average and a small dispersion, a high clustering coefficient, and an average shortest path between nodes close to its minimum possible value, i.e. the Hamming distance between sequences.RNA neutral networks are assortative due to the correlation in the composition of neighboring sequences, a feature that together with the symmetries inherent to the folding process explains the existence of communities.Several topological relationships can be analytically derived attending to structural restrictions and generic properties of the folding process.The average degree of these phenotypic networks grows logarithmically with their size, such that abundant phenotypes have the additional advantage of being more robust to mutations.This property prevents fragmentation of neutral networks and thus enhances the navigability of sequence space.In summary, RNA neutral networks show unique topological properties, unknown to other networks previously described.
Abc1p Is a Multidrug Efflux Transporter That Tips the Balance in Favor of Innate Azole Resistance in Candida krusei (2008)

Most Candida krusei strains are innately resistant to fluconazole (FLC) and can cause breakthrough candidemia in immunocompromised individuals receiving long-term prophylactic FLC treatment. Although the azole drug target, Erg11p, of C. krusei has a relatively low affinity for FLC, drug efflux pumps are also believed to be involved in its innate FLC resistance. We describe here the isolation and characterization of Abc1p, a constitutively expressed multidrug efflux pump, and investigate ERG11 and ABC1 expression in C. krusei. Examination of the ERG11 promoter revealed a conserved azole responsive element that has been shown to be necessary for the transcription factor Upc2p mediated upregulation by azoles in related yeast. Extensive cloning and sequencing identified three distinct ERG11 alleles in one of two C. krusei strains. Functional overexpression of ERG11 and ABC1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae conferred high levels of resistance to azoles and a range of unrelated Abc1p pump substrates, while small molecule inhibitors of Abc1p chemosensitized C. krusei to azole antifungals. Our data show that despite the presence of multiple alleles of ERG11 in some, likely aneuploid, C. krusei strains, it is mainly the low affinity of Erg11p for FLC, together with the constitutive but low level of expression of the multidrug efflux pump Abc1p, that are responsible for the innate FLC resistance of C. krusei.
18FLT-PET for early treatment adaptation and outcome prediction in head and neck tumors (2010)

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