gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD133 status influences in prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab. (2012)

509 Background: Recently, the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has been proposed, and CD133 has been suggested as a potential marker of CSCs in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Cetuximab, an IgG1 anti-EGFR chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of mCRC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of CD133 expression in mCRC treated with cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy. Methods: We evaluated the prognosis of pts with mCRC treated with cetuximab retrospectively, and performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze the CD133 status. Non-parametric statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis were used. Results: From October 2008 to June 2009, 56 pts with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were received cetuximab and 43 were evaluable. Patients characteristics were as follows : median age : 59.6 years (range 28-80) , PS 0/1 : 30/13 , colon/rectum : 28/15 , metastatic site (liver +/- : 35/8 , lung +/- : 32/11 , bone +/- : 6/37 , peritoneum +/- : 6/37 , lymph node +/- : 11/32 , local +/- : 3/40), best response rate was 9.3% (CR/PR/SD/PD : 1/3/19/11). Compared with CD133- pts with colorectal cancer , the progression-free survival (PFS) of CD133+ pts was significantly better (5.5 month; 95% CI, 4.4-6.7,p=0.026), and median overall survival (OS) was also significantly better (11.0 month; 95% CI, 5.4-16.5, p=0.002). In univariate analysis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, lymph node metastasis, age, and CD133 at the baseline predicted PFS, and age, gender, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, bone metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, lymph node metastasis at the baseline, the presence of skin rash, and CD133 predicted OS. In order to evaluate the independent predictive effect of chemotherapy, multivariate Cox regression analysis was carried out. It showed that CD133 was the strongest predictor. Conclusions: CD133 status at the baseline was correlated with the prognosis of patients treated with cetuximab, suggesting that CD133 status might play a role to estimate the prognosis.
Mid-infrared third harmonic generation in highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (2011)

Optical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied, and much basic knowledge has been accumulated on how light emission, scattering, and absorption occur in CNTs. However, their nonlinear optical properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we have observed third harmonic generation from highly-aligned CNTs on sapphire with linearly-polarized intense mid-infrared radiation. Through polarization-dependent experiments, we extracted the nonzero tensor elements of χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(3)</sup> . The contribution of the weaker tensor elements to the overall χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(3)</sup> signal has been calculated to be approximately 1/3 of that of the dominant χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(3)</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">zzzz</sub> component, which is consistent with theory and other measured values.
Elastic wave propagation and dynamic delamination of carbon-fiber/expoxy laminates impacted with magnetic flyer plates (1995)

Impact experiments have been conducted on carbon-fiber/epoxy laminated plates to characterize the propagation of Lamb waves and the resulting interfacial shearing stresses responsible for delamination. These experiments were conducted using a low frequency pneumatically-driven piston impacting a tup, which in turn, impacted the composite plate to generate a long duration, low intensity pulse. Recently a new dynamic loading system has been developed using thin magnetic flyer plates. These plates can be accelerated to very high velocities and generate short duration, high intensity pulses. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the elastic wave propagation of these pulses in 0/90/ carbon-fiber/epoxy laminates with and without delaminations. Dynamic moir{var_theta} interferometry was used to capture displacement fields. Multiple interferograms were obtained during the interaction of stress waves with delaminations using a high-speed framing camera. A detector was designed to determine the velocity of the flyer plate at impact Specimens were subjected to various loading rates and input energies by controlling the flyer plate velocity. The elastic wave propagation and delamination behavior were then characterized as a function of pulse magnitude and duration. The results from this work will lead to a better understanding of the initiation, growth and arrest of delamination inmore » laminated composites subjected to transient stress wave loading.« less
Geology and Paleontology of a Late Pleistocene Basin in Southwest Kansas (1969)

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the geologic history of a sinkhole collapse basin that formed during late Pleistocene time in Meade County, Kansas; to determine the nature of the vertebrate faunas that lived in and around this basin during Illinoian glacial, Sangamon interglacial, and Wisconsin glacial times; and to reconstruct, on the basis of the fossils, some of the local environments and climatic conditions that existed in the southern High Plains during late Pleistocene time.
Network Meta-Analysis of Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Afatinib and Icotinib in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutations (2014)

The current study indicated that erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib and icotinib shared equivalent efficacy but presented different efficacy-toxicity pattern for EGFR-mutated patients. Erlotinib and afatinib revealed potentially better efficacy but significant higher toxicities compared with gefitinib and icotinib.
Olefine aus β‐Hydroxycarbonsäuren — Synthese von isomerenreinem α‐ und β‐Asaron (1983)

Abstract Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983 , 887. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198308870
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Secrete Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Its Inhibitor PAI-1 (1992)

Secretion of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors was examined in cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The methods employed were zymography and reverse zymography, solid-phase immunocapture assay, metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that these cells produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) which is immunologically and biochemically similar to PAI-1. Tissue-type plasminogen activator activity (t-PA) was not detected, but we detected small amounts of t-PA in an inactive complex with inhibitor in RPE cell-conditioned media. We conclude that RPE cells have the potential to utilize u-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation which is subject to regulation by PAI-1. These results may have a bearing on the pathogenesis of proliferative retinal diseases.
T1ρ Dispersion in White Matter Correlates with Quantitative Metrics of Cognitive Impairment (2023)

R 1&amp;rho; dispersion at weak locking fields (R 1&amp;rho; Diff ) has the potential to reveal information on microvascular geometry and density. Our results show &amp;Delta;R 1&amp;rho; of white matter extracted from R 1&amp;rho; Diff dispersion is significantly greater in subjects with lower RBANS and MoCA scores. R 2 or R 1p values measured at a single locking field amplitude have no significant correlation with cognitive impairment scores. This work supports the hypothesis that microvascular impairment in white matter may be one of the causal factors in the progression of cognitive impairment in older adults.
CVD tungsten and tungsten silicide for multilevel metallization (2003)

The authors describe a WSi/sub x/ process using SiH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ chemistry, which is characterized by higher deposition rate, better film adhesion and integrity on polysilicon, and lower impurity concentration compared to the conventional SiH/sub 4/ chemistry. The nonselective W process (WF/sub 6/+H/sub 2/) developed for deposition on dielectric material is characterized by simplicity, excellent adhesion, and low resistivity without the need for a sticking layer. A selective W process (WF/sub 6/+H/sub 2/) developed for TiSi/sub 2/ contacts is characterized by high deposition rate, low contact resistance, low junction leakage, no lateral encroachment, and no silicon consumption in the vertical direction. The problems of silicon consumption and lateral encroachment associated with the tungsten deposition by hydrogen reduction is eliminated by the use of silane reduction. The silane reduction also leads to high deposition rates at low temperatures suitable for W deposition on aluminum layers. Blanket W deposition using silane reduction has good step coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoluminescence in Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces (2000)

Abstract Photoluminescence (PL) is the spontaneous emission of light from a material under optical excitation. The excitation energy and intensity are chosen to probe different regions and excitation concentrations in the sample. PL investigations can be used to characterize a variety of material parameters. PL spectroscopy provides electrical (as opposed to mechanical) characterization, and it is a selective and extremely sensitive probe of discrete electronic states. Features of the emission spectrum can be used to identify surface, interface, and impurity levels and to gauge alloy disorder and interface roughness. The intensity of the PL signal provides information on the quality of surfaces and interfaces. Under pulsed excitation, the transient PLintensity yields the lifetime of nonequilibrium interface and bulk states. Variation of the PL intensity under an applied bias can be used to map the electric field at the surface of a sample. In addition, thermally activated processes cause changes in PL intensity with temperature. PL analysis is nondestructive. Indeed, the technique requires very little sample manipulation or environmental control. Because the sample is excited optically, electrical contacts and junctions are unnecessary and high‐resistivity materials pose no practical difficulty. In addition, time‐resolved PL can be very fast, making it useful for characterizing the most rapid processes in a material. The fundamental limitation of PL analysis is its reliance on radiative events. Materials with poor radiative efficiency, such as low‐quality indirect bandgap semiconductors, are difficult to study via ordinary PL. Similarly, identification of impurity and defect states depends on their optical activity. Although PL is a very sensitive probe of radiative levels, one must rely on secondary evidence to study states that couple weakly with light.
Vitreous Proteomics and Diabetic Retinopathy (2010)

Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of acquired blindness in working-age adults. Studies of the vitreous proteome have provided insights into the etiology of diabetic retinopathy and suggested potential molecular targets for treatments. Further characterization of the protein changes associated with the progression of this disease may suggest additional therapeutic approaches as well as reveal novel factors that may be useful in predicting risk and functional outcomes of interventional therapies. This article provides an overview of the various techniques used for proteomic analysis of the vitreous and details results from various studies evaluating vitreous of diabetic patients using the proteomic approach.
Rotation-matrix-based attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft without velocity measurements (2017)

This paper proposes a distributed protocol for multiple spacecraft such that attitude synchronization is achieved in the absence of angular velocity measurements. The attitude of each spacecraft is represented by the rotation matrix. We first introduce two auxiliary systems for each spacecraft in the form of rotation matrix dynamics to deal with the issue caused by unavailability of angular velocities. Here, neither the absolute angular velocity nor the relative angular velocities with respect to the neighboring spacecraft are available. By implementing appropriate inputs into the auxiliary systems, a synchronization protocol is synthesized in terms of local information interaction, where only the information from the neighbors is exchanged for each spacecraft. It is shown that the proposed distributed protocol guarantees velocity-free attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft given that the communication graph is a tree. Simulations verify the theoretical results.
Angiopoietin‐2, its soluble receptor Tie‐2, and metabolic syndrome components in a population‐based sample (2016)

Ang-2 and sTie-2 levels were cross-sectionally associated with MetS and several of its components. However, Ang-2 and sTie-2 levels were not associated with incident MetS or changes in individual MetS components during follow-up.
Development of a Low-Cost Polymethylmethacrylate Stand-Alone Cervical Cage: Technical Note (2014)

The newly developed PMMA cage seems to show similar to superior mechanical properties compared with the commercial PEEK cage. Considering a preparation time of only 10 minutes and the low price for the PMMA material, the cost-benefit ratio clearly points to the use of the PMMA cage. However, clinical effectiveness has to be proven in a separate study.
Long‐Lived Emissive Hydrogen‐Bonded Macrocycles: Donors Regulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (2023)

Abstract Despite vast applications of macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry, achieving long‐lived emissions including room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for potential use still presents a great challenge. This work first reports hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) macrocycles emitting RTP and TADF by introducing various donors onto the same aramide skeleton containing a rigid acceptor. The formation of charge transfer effectively enhances the photoluminescence efficiency. Aromatic carbonyl groups promote the intersystem crossing. The drastically reduced flexibility of chromophores fixed by the H‐bonded macrocyclic framework contributes to suppress the nonradiative decay to stabilize triplet excitons. Therefore, RTP and TADF are acquired by altering donors, and are systematically revealed by comparisons with control compounds and theoretical calculations. Finally, near white‐light emission (CIE, 0.30, 0.33) is realized via host–guest interactions.
Human parainfluenza type 3 virus impairs the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit allergy-induced pulmonary inflammation in guinea-pigs (2013)

Viral exacerbations of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in pre-clinical models reportedly reduce the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit pulmonary inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness to inhaled spasmogens. However, exacerbations of airway obstruction induced by allergen challenge have not yet been studied. hPIV-3 (human parainfluenza type 3 virus) inoculation of guinea-pigs increased inflammatory cell counts in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and caused hyper-responsiveness to inhaled histamine. Both responses were abolished by treatment with either dexamethasone (20 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneous, once a day) or fluticasone propionate (a 0.5 mg/ml solution aerosolized and inhaled over 15 min, twice a day). In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs, allergen (ovalbumin) challenge caused two phases of airway obstruction [measured as changes in sGaw (specific airways conductance) using whole body plethysmography]: an immediate phase lasting between 4 and 6 h and a late phase at about 7 h. The late phase, airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine and inflammatory cell counts in BAL were all significantly reduced by either glucocorticoid. Inoculation of guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin with hPIV-3 transformed the allergen-induced airway obstruction from two transient phases into a single sustained response lasting up to 12 h. This exacerbated airway obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine were unaffected by treatment with either glucocorticoid whereas inflammatory cell counts in BAL were only partially inhibited. Virus- or allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation, individually, are glucocorticoid-sensitive, but in combination generate a phenotype where glucocorticoid efficacy is impaired. This suggests that during respiratory virus infection, glucocorticoids might be less effective in limiting pulmonary inflammation associated with asthma.
Database of images for low complexity sign detection and text localization method for mobile applications (2018)

&lt;p&gt;This database contains images that were used for training and testing of our text detection and localization algorithm presented in &amp;ldquo;A Low Complexity Sign Detection and Text Localization Method For Mobile Applications.&amp;rdquo; The contents of this database are as follows:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;signs-N800-training: This directory contains 81 images of road signs, flyers, and posters. These images (size: 480 by 640) were all taken using a VGA camera on a Nokia N800. These images were used for training our algorithm&amp;rsquo;s thresholds.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;signs-N800-training: This directory contains 81 images of road signs, flyers, and posters. These images (size: 480 by 640) were all taken using a VGA camera on a Nokia N800. These images were used for training our algorithm&amp;rsquo;s thresholds.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;signs-N800-testing: This directory contains 160 images of road signs, flyers, and posters. These images (size: 480 by 640) were all taken using a VGA camera on a Nokia N800. These images were used for testing our algorithm&amp;rsquo;s performance.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;signs-N800-GT1: This directory contains 241 images of ground truth files used to objectively measure the number of false positives and false negatives found in each output image. In this set of ground truth images, each character in the targeted sign region was manually segmented from the rest of the image. The most prominent sign region in the image was manually chosen as the targeted sign region. Each character is a single connected component region separated from any other character&amp;rsquo;s connected component region.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;signs-N800-GT2: This directory contains 241 images of ground truth files used to objectively measure the number of false positives and false negatives found in each output image. In this set of ground truth images, each sign region was manually segmented from the rest of the image. All sign regions have been identified, not just the targeted sign region.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;The paper goes into more detail about how we use these files to train and test our algorithm&amp;rsquo;s performance. K. L. Bouman, G. Abdollahian, M. Boutin and E. J. Delp, &amp;quot;A Low Complexity Sign Detection and Text Localization Method for Mobile Applications,&amp;quot; in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 922-934, Oct. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TMM.2011.2154317&lt;/p&gt;
18.2 A 16fJ/Conversion-Step Time-Domain Two-Step Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (2019)

Capacitive sensors are widely used to measure various physical quantities, including pressure, humidity [1], and displacement [2]. Ultra-low-power capacitance-to-digital converters (CDCs) are required for sensors with limited battery capacity or powered by energy harvesters. A SAR CDC is simple to design and well-suited for low-to-medium resolution applications. However, to reach high resolution, it requires a low-noise comparator [3] or OTA-based active charge transfer [4], resulting in degraded power efficiency. The ΔΣ CDC [1] is suitable for high-resolution applications, but it requires OTAs and repeated charging of the sensing capacitor, leading to high power consumption. The Zoom CDC in [5] achieves high resolution with only one-time charging, but its energy efficiency is still limited by power-hungry OTAs. The open-loop SAR-VCO CDC in [6] achieves low power consumption by eliminating the OTA; however, the VCO gain variation causes inter-stage gain error and requires background calibration, which increases the design complexity and makes it unsuitable for single-shot measurement in sensor node applications due to the long convergence time.
Unusual phosphine oxidation: new triazolopyridyl-quinolyl phosphine oxide fluorescent dyes (2015)

3-(2-Pyridyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-<italic>a</italic>]quinolylphosphines suffer an unusual phosphine oxidation due to their special geometry that allows a σ-donation of the nitrogen (N1) lone pair to phosphorus.
Quantum secret sharing with continuous-variable cluster states (2013)

We extend the formalism of cluster-state quantum secret sharing, as presented by Markham and Sanders [Phys. Rev. A 78, 042309 (2008)] and Keet et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 062315 (2010)], to the continuous-variable regime. We show that both classical and quantum information can be shared by distributing continuous-variable cluster states through either public or private channels. We find that the adversary structure is completely denied from the secret if the cluster state is infinitely squeezed, but some secret information would be leaked if a realistic finitely squeezed state is employed. We suggest benchmarks to evaluate the security in the finitely squeezed cases. For the sharing of classical secrets, we borrow techniques from the continuous-variable quantum key distribution to compute the secret-sharing rate. For the sharing of quantum states, we estimate the amount of entanglement distilled for teleportation from each cluster state.
Insulin resistance of puberty in African-American children: lack of a compensatory increase in insulin secretion (2002)

Type 2 diabetes has been increasing in children, mostly affecting minority populations at around the age of puberty. Despite a multitude of studies demonstrating pubertal insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia in white children, data are almost non-existent in African-American children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of puberty on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and secretion in African-American children. Twenty prepubertal and 16 pubertal African-American subjects participated. All underwent a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU/m(2)/min) euglycemic clamp to determine insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and a 2-h hyperglycemic (12.5 mmol/L) clamp to assess first- and second-phase insulin secretion. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adiposity with computed tomography (CT) scan at L4-L5. Total glucose disposal, glucose oxidation and non-oxidative glucose disposal were significantly lower in the pubertal group compared with the prepubertal one (53.8 +/- 3.9 vs. 72.2 +/- 5.0 micromol/kg/min, p = 0.009; 23.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 31.6 +/- 1.7 micromol/kg/min, p = 0.001; and 30.0 +/- 3.3 vs. 40.5 +/- 3.9 micromol/kg/min, p = 0.049, respectively). Insulin sensitivity was approximately 30% lower in the adolescents compared with the prepubertal children. However, first- and second-phase insulin secretions were not different between the two groups (971.4 +/- 180.6 vs. 1044.0 +/- 191.4 pmol/L and 999.6 +/- 159.6 vs. 955.8 +/- 142.2 pmol/L, respectively). In conclusion, despite approximately 30% lower insulin sensitivity in African-American adolescents compared with prepubertal children, insulin secretion is not higher. This is in contrast to published findings in white children in whom insulin secretion is higher during puberty. These racial differences in physiologic adaptation to puberty could play a role in the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in African-American children at the time of puberty.