gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Differentiation Programs Triggered by IL-6 and LPS in Teleost IgM+ B Cells in The Absence of Germinal Centers (2016)

Although originally identified as a B cell differentiation factor, it is now known that mammalian interleukin-6 (IL-6) only regulates B cells committed to plasma cells in response to T-dependent (TD) antigens within germinal centers (GCs). Even though adaptive immunity is present in teleost fish, these species lack lymph nodes and GCs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish the role of trout IL-6 on B cells, comparing its effects to those induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrate that the effects of teleost IL-6 on naïve spleen B cells include proliferation, activation of NF-κB, increased IgM secretion, up-regulation of Blimp1 transcription and decreased MHC-II surface expression that point to trout IL-6 as a differentiation factor for IgM antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). However, LPS induced the secretion of IgM without up-regulating Blimp1, driving the cells towards an intermediate activation state in which antigen presenting mechanisms are elicited together with antibody secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Our results reveal that, in trout, IL-6 is a differentiation factor for B cells, stimulating IgM responses in the absence of follicular structures, and suggest that it was after follicular structures appeared that this cytokine evolved to modulate TD responses within the GC.
Supplementary Data from Dual Epitope Targeting and Enhanced Hexamerization by DR5 Antibodies as a Novel Approach to Induce Potent Antitumor Activity Through DR5 Agonism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables Supplemental Figures Supplemental Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Compensatory mechanisms to overcome a chronic endothelial nitric oxide deficit (2011)

Nitric oxide (NO) is fundamentally important for endothelial cell (EC) function. Using a genetically determined defect in NO formation, the T-786C single nucleotide polymorphism of the human endothelial NO synthase gene (NOS3), we have now characterized two compensatory mechanisms providing resistance against the development of endothelial dysfunction due to NO deficiency. EC expression of the NOS3 gene usually is maintained by fluid shear stress (FSS) generated through the flowing blood. This FSS-induced NO synthase expression, however, is much less efficient in EC with a −786CC NOS3 genotype. Although these cells consequently produce little NO, they exhibit quite a stable phenotype. Thus they express high levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, thereby protecting NO from degradation. Moreover, they respond to FSS with an increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin D synthase, reinforcing the formation of prostaglandins D2 and J2 which strongly inhibit leukocyte transmigration through −786CC genotype EC monolayers. These are possibly only two examples by which EC with a chronic deficit in NO formation fight off endothelial dysfunction and hence effectively delay the onset of atherosclerosis. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. HE 1587/9-2).
Estimation of Clock Parameters for Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Clock synchronization among the nodes is one of the most crucial factors in the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for clock offset under the exponential delay model for any time synchronization protocol relying on two-way timing message exchange between two nodes (e.g., timing synch protocol for sensor networks (TPSN) (Ganeriwal et al., 2003) was proposed in the work of Jeske (2005))assuming no clock skew between the nodes. Since all practical clocks are running at different rates with respect to each other, the skew correction becomes important for long term synchronization which in turn results in minimal power utilization. In this paper, the MLE for clock offset as well as skew under the exponential delay model for a two-way timing message exchange model are derived.
Liquid Crystal Material Development of IPS‐TFT Displays (1998)

Abstract IPS Display is one of the promising technologies for the larger Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) of monitors for the desk top computers and TVs with a very good feature of viewing angle dependence. The requirement of IPS displays upon liquid crystal materials is different from TN‐TFT displays. Taking this different requirement into consideration we have performed a characterization of liquid crystal materials for optimizing the mixture design. Identifying new liquid crystal materials we have succeeded in improving the viscous property of mixtures which would enable the full moving pictures of IPS displays.
Formation of hydrides in the decomposition of butyl derivatives of the lanthanides (1987)

In this work the authors studied the interaction of butyllithium with trichlorides of the lanthanides: Nd, Ho, Dy, and Er. The reaction was conducted in hexane at a high (1-3 M) butyllithium concentration. In view of the heterogeneity of the system, the reaction proceeded on the interface under conditions of excess butyllithium. The reaction of butyllithium with Ho, Dy, and Er chlorides proceeds far more slowly than in the case of NdCl/sub 3/. Moreover, butane and butenes are also liberated in the course of the reaction, while hydrogen is formed in the hydrolysis of the solid products. According to the data of mass spectrometry, the hydrogen liberated in the decomposition of holmium complexes by D/sub 2/O contains 92-94% HD, 0-3% H/sub 2/, and 5-6% D/sub 2/. From this it follows that in this case also significant amounts of hydride derivatives are formed. They verified the possibility of initiation of stereospecific polymerization of dienes by stable hydride derivative son the lanthanides formed.
Roughness measurement and ion-beam polishing of super-smooth optical surfaces of fused quartz and optical ceramics (2014)

The main problems and the approach used by the authors for roughness metrology of super-smooth surfaces designed for diffraction-quality X-ray mirrors are discussed. The limitations of white light interferometry and the adequacy of the method of atomic force microscopy for surface roughness measurements in a wide range of spatial frequencies are shown and the results of the studies of the effect of etching by argon and xenon ions on the surface roughness of fused quartz and optical ceramics, Zerodur, ULE and Sitall, are given. Substrates of fused quartz and ULE with the roughness, satisfying the requirements of diffraction-quality optics intended for working in the spectral range below 10 nm, are made.
Termination of Refractory Tachycardia by External Countershock (1962)

External electric countershock has been used to terminate refractory supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in eight patients. General anesthesia is necessary when the patient is conscious. This technic is indicated when the patient's condition is desperate or intolerable and drug therapy is ineffective, too slow, or otherwise inadvisable.
Carbon neutral manufacturing via on-site CO2 recycling (2021)

The chemical industry needs to significantly decrease carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions in order to meet the 2050 carbon neutrality goal. Utilization of CO<sub>2</sub> as a chemical feedstock for bulk products is a promising way to mitigate industrial emissions; however, CO<sub>2</sub>-based manufacturing is currently not competitive with the established petrochemical methods and its deployment requires creation of a new value chain. Here, we show that an alternative approach, using CO<sub>2</sub> conversion as an add-on to existing manufactures, can disrupt the global carbon cycle while minimally perturbing the operation of chemical plants. Proposed closed-loop on-site CO<sub>2</sub> recycling processes are economically viable in the current market and have the potential for rapid introduction in the industries. Retrofit-based CO<sub>2</sub> recycling can reduce annually between 4 and 10 Gt CO<sub>2</sub> by 2050 and contribute to achieving up to 50% of the industrial carbon neutrality goal.
Positive and Negative Interference of the Chinese Medicine Chan Su in Serum Digoxin Measurement (2000)

An over-the-counter Chinese medicine, Chan Su, is used as a cardiotonic agent. We demonstrated significant digoxin-like immunoreactivity in various organic and aqueous extracts of Chan Su. For example, when a 20-microL aliquot of an aqueous extract of Chan Su powder (1 mg/mL) was added to a 2-mL aliquot of a drug-free serum, the observed digoxin-like immunoreactivity was 2.76 ng/mL (3.53 nmol/L) digoxin equivalent using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The magnitude of interference was much lower (0.94 ng/mL [1.20 nmol/L]) with the microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), and no interference was observed with the chemiluminescent assay (CLIA). We also observed a significant positive interference of the extract with the serum digoxin measurement using FPIA. In contrast, we observed a negative interference (falsely lowered digoxin concentration) of the extract in the serum digoxin measurement with the MEIA. The extract had no effect on the serum digoxin measurement with the CLIA. By taking advantage of the high protein binding of Chan Su and only 25% protein binding of digoxin, we further demonstrated that positive interference of Chan Su in the FPIA and negative interference of Chan Su in the MEIA of digoxin could be eliminated by monitoring the free digoxin concentration.
Measurement of blood flow using Doppler-shifted ultrasound (1982)

Ultrasonic fields can be used to measure the complex dynamic flow patterns in a wide range of intact blood vessels with calibres ranging from fractions of a millimetre to several centimetres. Many of these vessels may be examined non-invasively from outside the body. Ultrasonic flowmeters have developed from the early transit-time instruments through the continuous-wave Doppler velocimeters to the complex multigate pulsed Doppler and conposite duplex B-mode/pulsed Doppler imaging systems which are capable of measuring true volume flowrates. The natural constraints associated with the fundamental methods, the various techniques, and the signal-processing stages are all considered in relation to the quantitative measurement of blood-flow velocity and volume flow rate with particular reference to potential sources of error.
EGFR gene copy number alterations in primary cutaneous malignant melanomas are associated with poor prognosis (2007)

Copy number alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been extensively analyzed in different cancers, but no data are available for primary malignant melanoma. The aim of the present study was to simultaneously investigate the EGFR gene and chromosome 7 copy number alterations in 81 cutaneous malignant melanomas by interphase FISH and correlate the data with clinicopathological parameters of patients. EGFR mRNA levels were detected by Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 expression arrays for 16 lesions. Both increased gene dosage and chromosome 7 alterations were found in 70% of tumors. Extra EGFR copies were detected in an additional 10% of samples. Polysomy 7 was associated with EGFR gene amplification. Significant correlation was found between EGFR alterations and histological subtypes, tumor thickness, ulceration and metastases formation. Amplification was significantly higher in lesions that developed metastases within 2 years after surgical excision of the primary tumor. Gene copy alterations were associated with elevated mRNA expression in 77% of lesions when compared to tumors with disomic EGFR status, the correlation was not directly proportional to gene copy number. Associations between protein expression and mRNA levels were even less prominent. In conclusion, our study indicates that amplification of the EGFR gene and polysomy 7 are frequent alterations in primary melanomas and are associated with bad prognosis. Further studies are required to clarify whether melanoma patients with EGFR alterations can benefit from anti-EGFR therapy.
Early Postoperative Outcomes of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Results of a Service Evaluation (2019)

Early postoperative outcomes of NPH patients are good after both ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion and lumbar drainage. This evaluation provides initial evidence on the utility of the C-POMS as a service evaluation tool in the standardized assessment postoperative outcomes in neurosurgery patients.
Age‐Related Innate Immune Response in Calves to Babesia bovis Involves IL‐12 Induction and IL‐10 Modulation (2002)

There is a strong innate immunity in calves to infection with Babesia bovis. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 have been shown in vitro to be important immunoregulatory cytokines. Here we demonstrate in vivo that the protective innate response in young calves to infection with virulent B. bovis involves the early appearance of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) transcripts in the spleen. In contrast, IL-12 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the spleens of adult cattle that succumbed to the infection was delayed and depressed and occurred within the context of IL-10 expression. Also in contrast with calves, there was no detectable antibody response before death in adults. A vigorous CD8+ T-cell expansion occurred in the spleens of both calves and adults.
Production of Mammastatin, a Tissue-Specific Growth Inhibitor, by Normal Human Mammary Cells (1989)

The growth of human mammary cells may be regulated by a balance between growth stimulatory and growth inhibitory pathways. Polypeptides of 47 and 65 kilodaltons (mammastatin) were isolated from conditioned medium of normal human mammary cells. Monoclonal antibodies against mammastatin were generated that blocked its activity and were used for purification and further characterization of the protein. Mammastatin inhibited the growth of 5 transformed human mammary cell lines, but had no effect on the growth of 11 transformed human cell lines derived from nonmammary tissues. Mammastatin appeared to be a heat-labile protein distinct from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). By immunoperoxidase staining it was detected in cultured normal human mammary cells, but was decreased in transformed mammary cells.
Comment on Sooting Correlations for Premixed Flames F. TAKAHASHI and I. GLASSMAN (1987)

Abstract
Kernel Partial Least Squares is Universally Consistent (2009)

We prove the statistical consistency of kernel Partial Least Squares Regression applied to a bounded regression learning problem on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Partial Least Squares stands out of well-known classical approaches as e.g. Ridge Regression or Principal Components Regression, as it is not defined as the solution of a global cost minimization procedure over a fixed model nor is it a linear estimator. Instead, approximate solutions are constructed by projections onto a nested set of data-dependent subspaces. To prove consistency, we exploit the known fact that Partial Least Squares is equivalent to the conjugate gradient algorithm in combination with early stopping. The choice of the stopping rule (number of iterations) is a crucial point. We study two empirical stopping rules. The first one monitors the estimation error in each iteration step of Partial Least Squares, and the second one estimates the empirical complexity in terms of a condition number. Both stopping rules lead to universally consistent estimators provided the kernel is universal.
Plasma processing of III-V materials for energy efficient electronics applications (2017)

This paper reviews some recent activity at the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre in the University of Glasgow in the area of plasma processing for energy efficient compound semiconductor-based transistors. Atomic layer etching suitable for controllable recess etching in GaN power transistors will be discussed. In addition, plasma based surface passivation techniques will be reviewed for a variety of compound semiconductor materials ((100) and (110) oriented InGaAs and InGaSb).
Affinitätsbasierte Markierung von Cytohesinen mit difunktionalen SecinH3‐Photoaffinitätssonden (2008)

Zur spezifischen Markierung des Cytohesin-Inhibitors SecinH3 wurde eine difunktionale Photoaffinitätssonde synthetisiert (siehe Struktur). Die Anwendung der Sonde auf Guaninnucleotid-Austauschfaktoren und GTPasen lieferte Hinweise auf die spezifische Bindung von SecinH3 an Cytohesin-Sec7-Domänen. Die Sonde kann als Basis für die proteomweite Profilierung von Cytohesinkomplexen und die Bestimmung der Bindestelle dienen.
Observation of surface acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in optical microfibers (Orale) (2013)

International audience
Adaptive Interleaved Sampling for Interactive High‐Fidelity Rendering (2009)

Abstract Recent advances have made interactive ray tracing (IRT) possible on consumer desktop machines. These advances have brought about the potential for interactive global illumination (IGI) with enhanced realism through physically based lighting. IGI, unlike IRT, has a much higher computational complexity. Furthermore, since non‐primary rays constitute the majority of the computation, the rays are predominantly incoherent, making impractical many of the methods that have made IRT possible. Two methods that have already shown promise in decreasing the computational time of the GI solution are interleaved sampling and adaptive rendering. Interleaved sampling is a generalized sampling scheme that smoothly blends between regular and irregular sampling while maintaining coherence. Adaptive rendering algorithms adjust rendering quality, non‐uniformally, using a guidance scheme. While adaptive rendering has shown to provide speed‐up when used for off‐line rendering it has not been utilized in IRT due to its naturally incoherent nature. In this paper, we combine adaptive rendering and interleaved sampling within a component‐based solution into a new approach we term adaptive interleaved sampling. This allows us to tailor new adaptive heuristics for interleaved sampling of the individual components of the GI solution significantly improving overall performance. We present a novel component‐based IGI framework for which we achieve interactive frame rates for a range of effects such as indirect diffuse lighting, soft shadows and single scatter homogeneous participating media.
Surface chemistry of a Cu(I) beta-diketonate precursor and the atomic layer deposition of Cu2O on SiO2 studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2014)

The surface chemistry of the bis(tri-n-butylphosphane) copper(I) acetylacetonate, [(nBu3P)2Cu(acac)] and the thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Cu2O using this Cu precursor as reactant and wet oxygen as coreactant on SiO2 substrates are studied by in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Cu precursor was evaporated and exposed to the substrates kept at temperatures between 22 °C and 300 °C. The measured phosphorus and carbon concentration on the substrates indicated that most of the [nBu3P] ligands were released either in the gas phase or during adsorption. No disproportionation was observed for the Cu precursor in the temperature range between 22 °C and 145 °C. However, disproportionation of the Cu precursor was observed at 200 °C, since C/Cu concentration ratio decreased and substantial amounts of metallic Cu were present on the substrate. The amount of metallic Cu increased, when the substrate was kept at 300 °C, indicating stronger disproportionation of the Cu precursor. Hence, the upper limit for the ALD of Cu2O from this precursor lies in the temperature range between 145 °C and 200 °C, as the precursor must not alter its chemical and physical state after chemisorption on the substrate. Five hundred ALD cycles with the probed Cu precursor and wet O2 as coreactant were carried out on SiO2 at 145 °C. After ALD, in-situ XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Cu2O on the substrate. Ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry indicated an average film thickness of 2.5 nm of Cu2O deposited with a growth per cycle of 0.05 Å/cycle. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations depicted a homogeneous, fine, and granular morphology of the Cu2O ALD film on SiO2. AFM investigations suggest that the deposited Cu2O film is continuous on the SiO2 substrate.
SMBR: A novel NAT traversal mechanism for structured Peer-to-Peer communications (2010)

In recent years, structured P2P communications is being widely used for its features of self-organization as well as good scalability and flexibility. To make sure that every node can participate in such a network whether it is behind a NAT or not, we must solve the NAT traversal problem. However, existing NAT traversal methods all need the support of a centralized server which will destroy the distributive characteristic of structured P2P. In this paper, we propose a distributed NAT traversal mechanism called SMBR (Selective-Message Buddy Relaying) for structured P2P. SMBR has two main advantages. The first one is that it does not need the support of a server and thus can maintain the characteristics of structured P2P. Secondly, SMBR uses different mechanisms for the control messages and data according to their size. For control messages, it uses the method of buddy's relay while for data direct connections can be built with the help of the buddy. Using this mechanism, SMBR can achieve a balance between the traversal time and the buddies' load.
EFFECTS OF MIREX O N T HE (1975)

The effects of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0ppb mirex on the development of blue crabs, Cal- linectes sapidus, from hatching to first crab stage are described. None of the concentrations of mirex showed any appreciable effect on the larvae during the first five days. Thereafter 0.01 ppb and 0.1 ppb mirex were found to be sublethal. These concentrations had no effect on the duration of development from hatching to megalopa or from hatching to first crab stage. Concentrations of 1.0 ppb and 10.0 ppb mirex proved to be acute. No one stage of development was particularly sensitive to 0.01 ppb mirex, but in the other three concentrations some stages were more sensitive (statistically) than others. The results of residue analyses are given for larvae reared in four concentrations of mirex at different periods of development. Residues of mirex in developmental stages increased with con- centration, but biological magnification was greatest in larvae reared in the lowest concentration of mirex and lowest in larvae reared in the highest concentration.
Relationship between ADIS clinician's severity rating and self-report measures among social phobics (1996)

Although global clinical rating scales have been a mainstay of clinical research, little is known about the relationship between these measures and other assessment modalities. The present study examined the Clinician's Severity Rating (CSR) from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule in a sample of 186 social phobics. It was hypothesized that the CSR would be related to higher fear of negative evaluation, behavioral avoidance, social anxiety, and dysphoria, and that four self-report measures reflecting each of these common features of social phobia would contribute individually to predict clinicians' judgments of clinical severity using the CSR. Multiple regression analyses supported these hypotheses, accounting for nearly 33% of the variance in the CSR. The role of subtype of social phobia was also investigated. Overall, these results support the utility of the CSR for use with social phobics, but the relatively low proportion of variance accounted for raises further questions. Directions for future research are also discussed.