gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal naloxone and related strategies for opioid overdose intervention by nonmedical personnel: a review (2017)

Deaths due to prescription and illicit opioid overdose have been rising at an alarming rate, particularly in the USA. Although naloxone injection is a safe and effective treatment for opioid overdose, it is frequently unavailable in a timely manner due to legal and practical restrictions on its use by laypeople. As a result, an effort spanning decades has resulted in the development of strategies to make naloxone available for layperson or "take-home" use. This has included the development of naloxone formulations that are easier to administer for nonmedical users, such as intranasal and autoinjector intramuscular delivery systems, efforts to distribute naloxone to potentially high-impact categories of nonmedical users, as well as efforts to reduce regulatory barriers to more widespread distribution and use. Here we review the historical and current literature on the efficacy and safety of naloxone for use by nonmedical persons, provide an evidence-based discussion of the controversies regarding the safety and efficacy of different formulations of take-home naloxone, and assess the status of current efforts to increase its public distribution. Take-home naloxone is safe and effective for the treatment of opioid overdose when administered by laypeople in a community setting, shortening the time to reversal of opioid toxicity and reducing opioid-related deaths. Complementary strategies have together shown promise for increased dissemination of take-home naloxone, including 1) provision of education and training; 2) distribution to critical populations such as persons with opioid addiction, family members, and first responders; 3) reduction of prescribing barriers to access; and 4) reduction of legal recrimination fears as barriers to use. Although there has been considerable progress in decreasing the regulatory and legal barriers to effective implementation of community naloxone programs, significant barriers still exist, and much work remains to be done to integrate these programs into efforts to provide effective treatment of opioid use disorders.
Direct Synthesis of Polymer Nanocapsules with a Noncovalently Tailorable Surface (2007)

Hohle Kapseln leicht gemacht: Polymerkapseln mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 100 nm wurden in Abwesenheit von präorganisierten Strukturen oder Templaten direkt synthetisiert. Die Methode scheint auf jedes Monomer mit einem flachen Kern und mehreren polymerisierbaren Gruppen an der Peripherie anwendbar zu sein (siehe Bild). Die Oberflächeneigenschaften der Polymerschale, die Cucurbituril enthält, lassen sich einfach durch Wirt-Gast-Chemie anpassen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604526_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differences in Pathogenicity, Response to Vaccination, and Innate Immune Responses in Different Types of Ducks Infected with a Virulent H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus from Vietnam (2012)

In a previous study, we found clear differences in pathogenicity and response to vaccination against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI; HA dade 2.3.4) between Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) ducks vaccinated using a commercial inactivated vaccine (Re-1). The objective of the present study was to further investigate the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI viruses in different species of ducks by examining clinical signs and innate immune responses to infection with a different strain of H5N1 HPAI virus (HA clade 1) in two domestic ducks, Pekin and Muscovy, and one wild-type duck, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Protection conferred by vaccination using the Re-1 vaccine against infection with this virus was also compared between Pekin and Muscovy ducks. Differences in pathogenicity were observed among the virus-infected ducks, as the Muscovy ducks died 2 days earlier than did the Pekin and mallard ducks, and they presented more-severe neurologic signs. Conversely, the Pekin and mallard ducks had significantly higher body temperatures at 2 days postinfection (dpi) than did the Muscovy ducks, indicating possible differences in innate immune responses. However, similar expression of innate immune-related genes was found in the spleens of virus-infected ducks at this time point. In all three duck species, there was up-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, CCL19, RIG-I, and MHC class I and down-regulation of MHC class II, but variable expression of IL-18 and TLR7. As in our previous study, vaccinated Muscovy ducks showed less protection against virus infection than did Pekin ducks, as evidenced by the higher mortality and higher number of Muscovy ducks shedding virus when compared to Pekin ducks. In conclusion, infection with an H5N1 HPAI virus produced a systemic infection with high mortality in all three duck species; however, the disease was more severe in Muscovy ducks, which also had a poor response to vaccination. The differences in response to virus infection could not be explained by differences in the innate immune responses between the different types of ducks when examined at 2 days dpi, and earlier time points need to be evaluated.
Stochastic Model Predictive Control of Phosphorus Concentration for Smart Power, Cost-Effective Municipal Wastewater Treatment (2019)

This study is a proof-of-concept of a stochastic Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for effluent phosphorus concentration in municipal wastewater treatment. Firstly, a simple data-driven model providing adequate predictions of phosphorus was created and demonstrated. Secondly, the model was used to find the optimal aeration control upholding legal requirements within a fixed amount of computation time. The optimal control is here considered the cheapest control in terms of electricity costs with variable electricity prices and effluent taxes on phosphorus. Results showed significant reductions (~ 45 %) in operational costs compared with a rule-based control.
Simultaneous Inhibition of Peripheral CB1R and iNOS Mitigates Obesity-Related Dyslipidemia Through Distinct Mechanisms (2020)

Diabetic dyslipidemia, characterized by increased plasma triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels, is a major factor contributing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Activation of the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression. Here, we tested whether dual-targeting inhibition of hepatic CB1R and iNOS improves diabetic dyslipidemia in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO mice). DIO mice were treated for 14 days with <i>(S)</i>-MRI-1867, a peripherally restricted hybrid inhibitor of CB1R and iNOS. <i>(R)</i>-MRI-1867, the CB1R-inactive stereoisomer that retains iNOS inhibitory activity, and JD-5037, a peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist, were used to assess the relative contribution of the two targets to the effects of <i>(S)</i>-MRI-1867. <i>(S)</i>-MRI-1867 reduced hepatic steatosis and the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion, upregulated hepatic LDLR expression, and reduced the circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The decrease in VLDL secretion could be attributed to CB1R blockade, while the reduction of PCSK9 levels and the related increase in LDLR resulted from iNOS inhibition via an mTOR complex 1-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, this approach based on the concomitant inhibition of CB1R and iNOS represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Solid-Phase Method for Differential Display of Genes Expressed in Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1996)

A solid-phase differential display method was designed to analyze differential gene expression in samples with low amounts of mRNA. The principle was based on using a biotinylated probe to capture the mRNA and priming both the first-strand synthesis and the subsequent polymerase chain reaction step. Coupling the mRNA to a solid phase during the procedure simplified the purification steps, limited sample loss and enabled rapid handling of mRNA. DNA contamination was also minimized when the mRNA was bound to a solid phase. Optimization of the differential display method was achieved by analyzing both the enzymatic conditions and the required cell amounts. The approach was used for the characterization of genes expressed in the most immature hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+CD38-). The majority of the differentially expressed fragments represented previously uncharacterized sequences.
Tramiprosate (2006)

Current treatment options for patients with Alzheimer's disease are limited to providing symptomatic relief, with no effects on the underlying pathophysiology. However, a greater understanding of the importance of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) in the pathogenesis of this disease has led to the investigation of a number of potential antiamyloid therapies, of which tramiprosate (Neurochem Inc.) is in the most advanced stage of development. Tramiprosate is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetic designed to interfere with the actions of Abeta early in the cascade of amyloidogenic events. Preclinical data have shown that tramiprosate reduces brain and plasma levels of Abeta, prevents fibril formation and exerts cytoprotective effects in the brain. The pharmacological effects have also been demonstrated in clinical trials of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Promising findings for the efficacy of tramiprosate, indicated by improvement or stabilization of cognitive function, have been shown in phase II clinical trials and open-label extensions of these studies. Furthermore, tramiprosate appears to be well tolerated with no reports of safety concerns. This article reviews the unique mode of action of tramiprosate and summarizes the available clinical information on the effects of tramiprosate in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Titration of Mercury with Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitration of Mercury with Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamateJ. S. Fritz and S. A. SuttonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 8, 1300–1303Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60116a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60116a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Report on the 1995 international workshop on temporal databases (1995)

This paper provides an overview of the 1995 International Workshop on Temporal Databases. It summarizes the technical papers and related discussions, and three panels: “Wither TSQL3?”, “Temporal Data Management in Financial Applications,” and “Temporal Data Management Infrastructure &amp; Beyond.”
Health-related quality of life among drug-naïve patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy, narcolepsy without cataplexy, and idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time. (2008)

Our results indicated that HRQOL decreases in drug-naïve patients with hypersomnia, but neither disease category nor severity of the disorder appears as an associated factor. Increased severity of hypersomnia, however, was thought to play an important role in the occurrence of automobile accidents.
Design Criteria for the Treatment of Milking Facility Wastewater in a Cold Weather Vertical Flow Wetland (2015)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Wastewater produced by milking facilities is harmful to the environment if not properly managed but can be costly to treat. A field demonstration of a constructed, vertical flow, subsurface treatment wetland (also known as a vegetated gravel contactor) in mid-Michigan has had continual success for over five years. However, the wetland‘s design was not optimized. Data from two lab-scale wetlands that simulated the field installation were collected and analyzed in order to create sizing and design criteria. Nutrients, including phosphorus, organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate, were monitored as well as pH and chemical oxygen demand. The design and sizing are dependent on the configuration of the milking facility, specifically if the wash water contains significant amounts of manure. Nitrogen levels in the manure-contaminated wash water were three times higher than in the manure-free wash water. Although the manure-free and manure-contaminated wash waters had similar levels of carbon, the manure-contaminated wetland had high nitrogen levels. As a result, the acceptable loading differed between the wetlands: the manure-contaminated wash water loading was determined by nitrogen removal, and the manure-free wash water loading was determined by carbon removal. Phosphorus treatment was adequate, but temporary, as the wetland media lost capacity with time.
북한 나선 경제무역구와 황금평 경제특구 개방의 경제적 의미 (2011)

2011년 6월 초, 중국과 북한은 나선특구와 황금평특구의 공동개발을 위한 착공식을 가졌다. 이 소식은 북한의 경제개혁과 발전을 기대하는 학자들에게 매우 고무적인 것이었다. 북한의 특구개방은 중국이 30여년 전 개혁개방정책을 시작했던 것처럼 정권안정이라는 전제에서 시행한 일종의 실험적인 것이라 할 수 있다. 중국의 특구개방은 중국의 경제적 급속발전과 전면적인 개방정책에 따른 것으로 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 경제특구의 역할은 북한의 개혁개방 과정에서도 큰 역할을 발휘할 것이다. 나아가 북한 경제특구의 개방과 개발은 한반도 남북통일 후의 경제통합에도 적극적 역할을 할 것이다. 또한 특구개방을 통해 앞으로 북한은 동북아지역 경제성장의 중요한 또 하나의 성장극(growth pole) 역할을 할 것으로 기대할 수 있다.
Interaction of single- and double-stranded DNA with multilayer MXene by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations (2019)

The integration of nucleic acids with nanomaterials has attracted great attention from various research communities in search of new nanoscale tools for a range of applications, from electronics to biomedical uses. MXenes are a new class of multielement 2D materials baring exciting properties mostly directed to energy-related fields. These advanced materials are now beginning to enter the biomedical field given their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and near-infrared absorption. Herein, we elucidate the interaction of MXene Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> with fluorophore-tagged DNA by fluorescence measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. The system showed potential for biosensing with unequivocal detection at picomole levels and single-base discrimination. We found that this material possesses a kinetically unique entrapment/release behavior, with potential implications in time-controlled biomolecule delivery. Our findings present MXenes as platforms for binding nucleic acids, contributing to their potential for hybridization-based biosensing and related bio-applications.
DRAM or no-DRAM?: exploring linear solver architectures for image domain warping in 28 nm CMOS (2015)

Solving large optimization problems within the energy and cost budget of mobile SoCs in real-time is a challenging task and motivates the development of specialized hardware accelerators. We present an evaluation of different linear solvers suitable for least-squares problems emanating from image processing applications such as image domain warping. In particular, we estimate implementation costs in 28 nm CMOS technology, with focus on trading on-chip memory vs. off-chip (DRAM) bandwidth. Our assessment shows large differences in circuit area, throughput and energy consumption and aims at providing a recommendation for selecting a suitable architecture. Our results emphasize that DRAM-free accelerators are an attractive choice in terms of power consumption and overall system complexity, even though they require more logic silicon area when compared to accelerators that make use of external DRAM.
Biochar/Kevlar Nanofiber Mixed Matrix Nanofiltration Membranes with Enhanced Dye/Salt Separation Performance (2021)

Mixed matrix membranes have received ever-growing attention due to their high separation performance, taking the advantages of both porous fillers and polymer backbones. However, limitations still exist due to the instability of polymers in harsh environments. Here, Kevlar aramid nanofibers, a nanoscale version of poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), were applied to fabricate a nanofiltration membrane by a thermo-assisted phase inversion method due to their high mechanical strength, physical stability and resistance to solvents. Biochar was incorporated in the Kevlar nanofibers to evaluate its performance in dye/salt separation performance. The fillers' distribution in the polymeric matrix, structural characteristics, and the interaction of fillers with the polymer in the membrane were characterized via SEM, FTIR, AFM and contact angle analysis. Under the optimal fabrication conditions, the obtained membrane exhibited a pure water flux of 3.83 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup> with a dye rejection of 90.55%, 93.54% and 95.41% for Congo red, methyl blue and Reactive blue 19, respectively. Meanwhile, the mixed matrix membrane maintained a salt rejection of 59.92% and 85.37% for NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The obtained membrane with high separation performance suggested that Kevlar nanofiber and biochar are good candidates for membrane synthesis.
Peripheral murine CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T lymphocytes express novel T cell receptor gamma delta structures. (1988)

A mAb directed against the CD3 molecule was used to identify a subset of CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T cells previously undefined in the peripheral lymphoid organs of the mouse. Biochemical analysis of CD3+, CD4-, CD8- splenocytes revealed that the vast majority of these cells express one of at least two distinct CD3-associated TCR gamma delta heterodimeric structures, but no detectable TCR alpha beta. One disulfide-linked heterodimer (77 kDa) is composed of two chains of 45 to 46 and 32 kDa. The latter chain was immunoprecipitated with an anti-TCR C gamma 1/C gamma 2 antiserum and was not glycosylated. An antiserum produced against a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of the predicted C gamma 4 gene product immunoprecipitated additional heterodimers (80 to 90 kDa). One heterodimer, composed of disulfide-linked 41- to 45-kDa protein (including a V gamma/C gamma 4 component), is expressed on a T cell hybridoma, DN-1.21, which was derived from fused splenic CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T cells. Another V gamma/C gamma 4-containing heterodimer is composed of disulfide-linked 46- to 47-kDa glycoproteins. These findings demonstrate that CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T cells present in the peripheral lymphoid organs express a variety of paired TCR gamma delta proteins. Unlike CD3+, CD4-, CD8- thymocytes, these cells express high levels of C gamma 4, but little, if any TCR alpha beta.
Neues zu Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie der Neuromyelitis optica (2008)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties ofGlycyrrhiza glabraroot usingin vitromodels (2009)

The aim of present study was to evaluate antioxidant property of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts using in vitro models. The dose-dependent aqueous and ethanolic extracts demonstrated the scavenging activity against nitric oxide (concentration that caused 50% inhibition of nitric oxide radicals [IC(50)]=72 and 62.1 microg/ml, respectively), superoxide (IC(50)=64.2 and 38.4 microg/ml, respectively), hydroxyl (IC(50)=81.9 and 63 microg/ml, respectively), DPPH (IC(50)=43.6 and 28.3 microg/ml, respectively) and ABTS(*+) (IC(50)=77.3 and 57.2 microg/ml, respectively) radicals. Further, both extracts showed strong reducing power and iron-chelating capacities. In the Fe(2+)/ascorbate system, both extracts were found to inhibit mitochondrial fraction lipid peroxidation. In copper-catalyzed human serum and low-density lipoprotein oxidation models, both extracts significantly (P<0.05) lengthened the lag phase along with a decline in the oxidation rate, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of G. glabra possess considerable antioxidant activity and protective effect against the human lipoprotein oxidative system.
Neutrino oscillation studies with IceCube-DeepCore (2016)

IceCube, a gigaton-scale neutrino detector located at the South Pole, was primarily designed to search for astrophysical neutrinos with energies of PeV and higher. This goal has been achieved with the detection of the highest energy neutrinos to date. At the other end of the energy spectrum, the DeepCore extension lowers the energy threshold of the detector to approximately 10 GeV and opens the door for oscillation studies using atmospheric neutrinos. An analysis of the disappearance of these neutrinos has been completed, with the results produced being complementary with dedicated oscillation experiments. Following a review of the detector principle and performance, the method used to make these calculations, as well as the results, is detailed. Finally, the future prospects of IceCube-DeepCore and the next generation of neutrino experiments at the South Pole (IceCube-Gen2, specifically the PINGU sub-detector) are briefly discussed.
Data clustering using a model granular magnet (1997)

We present a new approach to clustering, based on the physical properties of an inhomogeneous ferromagnet. No assumption is made regarding the underlying distribution of the data. We assign a Potts spin to each data point and introduce an interaction between neighboring points, whose strength is a decreasing function of the distance between the neighbors. This magnetic system exhibits three phases. At very low temperatures it is completely ordered; all spins are aligned. At very high temperatures the system does not exhibit any ordering and in an intermediate regime clusters of relatively strongly coupled spins become ordered, whereas different clusters remain uncorrelated. This intermediate phase is identified by a jump in the order parameters. The spin-spin correlation function is used to partition the spins and the corresponding data points into clusters. We demonstrate on three synthetic and three real data sets how the method works. Detailed comparison to the performance of other techniques clearly indicates the relative success of our method.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition and Solid Phase Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of Unnatural Oligomers, Techniques for Monitoring Reactions, and the Analysis of Combinatorial Libraries (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.