gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis of strain distribution in GaN nanowires on Si(111) substrate (2015)

In this work, the influence of micro- and macro-deformation profiles in GaN nanowires (NWs) on the angular intensity distribution of X-ray diffraction are studied theoretically. The calculations are performed by using kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction and assuming the deformation decays exponentially from the NW/substrate interface. Theoretical modeling of X-ray scattering from NWs with different deformation profiles are carried out. We show that the shape of the (002) 2θ/ω X-ray diffraction profile (XDP) is defined by initial deformation at the NW's bottom and its relaxation depth given by the decay depth of the exponential deformation profile. Also, we demonstrate that macro-deformation leads to XDP shift, whereas micro-deformations are the cause of XDP's asymmetry and its symmetrical broadening. A good correlation between calculated and experimental XDP from self-assembled GaN NWs on Si(111) substrate was achieved by taking into account all parameters of micro- and macro-deformation profiles.
Pyrazolopyrimidine nucleosides. 13. Synthesis of the novel C-nucleoside 5-amino-3-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one, a guanosine analog related to the nucleoside antibiotic formycin B (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazolopyrimidine nucleosides. 13. Synthesis of the novel C-nucleoside 5-amino-3-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one, a guanosine analog related to the nucleoside antibiotic formycin BArthur F. Lewis and Leroy B. TownsendCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4, 1073–1077Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00368a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00368a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovery of Neodymium as (Na, Nd)(SO4)2 from the Ferrous Fraction of a General WEEE Shredder Stream (2018)

Neodymium is a critical element used in many high-tech applications. However, despite this, the EU is entirely dependent on China for its Nd supply. This has driven the EU to develop recycling strategies to recover its Nd from end-of-life (EoL) products and wastes, and establish a domestic supply. This paper proposes a process to recycle Nd from NdFeB magnet particles present in the ferrous fraction of shredded “Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment” (WEEE), after physical upgrading. This WEEE fraction represents a waste stream that has not been previously considered a source of Nd. A three-step process was developed. First, the upgraded ferrous WEEE fraction is oxidized by means of water corrosion. Second, the oxidized WEEE is leached with diluted H2SO4 to selectively extract Nd and other nonferrous elements. And finally, the leach liquor is treated with Na2SO4 to precipitate the Nd as its double sulfate (Nd, Na)(SO4)2. The oxidation process oxidizes 93% of the metallic iron to Fe(OH)3, leaving 7% of the iron unoxidized. The leaching process dissolves between 70 and 99% of the Nd, depending on the temperature and liquid/solid ratio (L/S); this is accompanied by an iron coextraction between 9 and 20%. The precipitation recovers 92% of the leached Nd. The purity of the obtained precipitates is dependent on the pH at which the precipitation takes place. A pH below 0.5 is required to prevent Fe contamination, and a pH below 0 reduces the Ca contamination to below 1 wt%. The developed process provides an effective and low-cost method to recycle Nd from a shredded WEEE stream with an overall Nd recovery of over 90%.
tRNA-like structures tag the 3' ends of genomic RNA molecules for replication: implications for the origin of protein synthesis. (1987)

Single-stranded RNA viruses often have 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures that serve as substrates for the enzymes of tRNA metabolism, including the tRNA synthases and the CCA-adding enzyme. We propose that such 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures are in fact molecular fossils of the original RNA world, where they tagged genomic RNA molecules for replication and also functioned as primitive telomeres to ensure that 3'-terminal nucleotides were not lost during replication. This picture suggests that the CCA-adding activity was originally an RNA enzyme, that modern DNA telomeres with the repetitive structure CmAn are the direct descendants of the CCA terminus of tRNA, and that the precursor of the modern enzyme RNase P evolved to convert genomic into functional RNA molecules by removing this 3'-terminal tRNA-like tag. Because early RNA replicases would have been catalytic RNA molecules that used the 3'-terminal tRNA-like tag as a template for the initiation of RNA synthesis, these tRNA-like structures could have been specifically aminoacylated with an amino acid by an aberrant activity of the replicase. We show that it is mechanistically reasonable to suppose that this aminoacylation occurred by the same sequence of reactions found in protein synthesis today. The advent of such tRNA synthases would thus have provided a pathway for the evolution of modern protein synthesis.
St2 Blockade Reduces Sst2-Producing T Cells While Maintaining Protective Mst2-Expressing T Cells during Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2016)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published online March 1, 2016St2 Blockade Reduces Sst2-Producing T Cells While Maintaining Protective Mst2-Expressing T Cells during Graft-Versus-Host DiseaseJ Zhang, A Ramadan, […], B Griesenauer, W Li, M Turner, R Kapur, H Hanenberg, S Paczesny, C Liu, B Blazar, and I Tawara+8-8View all authors and affiliationsVolume 64, Issue 4https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.69
Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Root Indigenous to Saudia Arabia (2017)

Jatropha pelargoniifolia (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “Obab” is a medicinal plant widely used throughout Africa, Yamen & Saudi Arabia. Genus Jatropha growing worldwide and comprising about 175 species(1). Reviewing the current literature for the phytochemical and biological importance of the plants belonging to genus Jatropha revealed many biological interests such as wound inflammation & infection, skin ulcer, jaundice & hemorrhoids but nothing was reported regarding the titled plants(2). Thus, it was of interest to explore the active constituents and the biological activities for J. pelargoniifolia.
[Preparation of fluorescent-labeled DNA and its use as a probe in molecular hybridization]. (1986)

A method of the fluorescent-labeled DNA preparation for visualization of the complementary nucleotide sequences has been developed. Polynucleotide probes were alkylated randomly by 4-(N-methylamino-N-2-chloroethyl)-benzylamine followed by modification with such fluorochromes as dansyl chloride or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). It was found that the FITC but not dansyl-labeled polynucleotides could serve as efficient probes when about 4% of nitrogen bases were modified. The conditions minimizing the loss of the alkylated bases from DNA were determined. The procedure for hybridization with FITC-labeled DNA as a probe is described, concentration of DNA probe being about 4 ng/mm2 of the nitrocellulose filter.
California Political Forest 2008 (2008)

Ladies and gentlemen, we face important issues that should unite us.I believe we have the opportunity to move past partisanship, to move past bipartisanship, to move to post partisanship.Postpartisanship is not simply Republicans and Democrats each bringing their proposals to the table and then working out differences.No. Postpartisanship is Republicans and Democrats actively giving birth to new ideas together.I believe it would promote a new centrism and a new trust in our political system.And I believe we have a window to do it right now.
Second Phase Effects on the Conductivity of Non‐Aqueous Salt Solutions: “Soggy Sand Electrolytes” (2004)

Introducing insulating phases into non‐aqueous salt solution leads to remarkable conductivity enhancements, an effect ascribed to breaking up of ion pairs. This new class of electrolytes combines the high ionic conductivities of liquids and beneficial mechanical properties of soft matter (“soggy sand”; see Figure).
Dendrimer porphyrins as the oxygen sensor for intracellular imaging to suppress interaction towards biological molecules (2019)

Optical methods using phosphorescence quenching by oxygen are suitable for the measurement of oxygen concentration within cells. In cells, however, the dyes such as Pt-porphyrins interact with biological components so that their optical properties are changed. Therefore, the absolute oxygen concentration determination in cells is difficult. To suppress this interaction, we focussed on porphyrin-cored dendrimers (dendrimer-porphyrins) and synthesized 2<sup>nd</sup>-4<sup>th</sup> generation dendrimer-porphyrins with various surface functional groups (G2-G4, ARG, αGLU and γGLU). These dendrimer-porphyrins showed oxygen sensing property and the change of their spectroscopic properties by biomolecules was supressed. Additionally, the dendrimer-porphyrins were accumulated in cells even in the presence of serum, so oxygen concentration imaging without the effect of serum starvation was also achieved.
The properties of damping vibrations by a layer of carbon nanotubes on the lateral surface of a piston (2013)

As a result of applying the hydrodynamic lubrication theory in the piston-cylinder group of a combustion engine, the authors have obtained the opportunity for practical elimination of abrasion of this unit. However, it turns out that in the case of the engine start, especially after a longer standstill and before the oil film is formed, the piston lateral surface’s micro-roughness comes into direct contact with the cylinder bearing surface. For this reason, manufacturers more and more commonly apply a special layer on the lateral surface of a piston, which decreases the friction force and eliminates very damaging effects of the so-called semi-dry friction. It turns out that applying an enriching layer on the lateral surface of the piston may result in an additional effect, which is not usually associated with the pistoncylinder unit. This effect is the damping of torsional vibrations. Thus, despite the seemingly insignificant properties of materials which the elements of the kinematic pair are made of, as a result of the occurrence of the layer with specific properties on these elements, one may find that these layers – even when they are separated by the oil film – can change the parameters of collaboration of the elements of the kinematic pair. In particular, it concerns generating and damping vibrations, and in such circumstances frictional losses may also be subject to change, which is the main domain of the conducted research presented in this paper. The article analyzes various effects which are caused by applying a special layer formed of carbon nanotubes (NCT in short) on the lateral surface of the piston.
Issues Revisited: Shifts in Binocular Balance Depend on the Deprivation Duration in Normal and Amblyopic Adults (2022)

The duration of deprivation matters in both normal and amblyopic observers. Ocular dominance imbalance that is typically observed in amblyopia can be more ameliorated with a longer duration of deprivation.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of boron acceptors in isotopically purified silicon (2010)

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) linewidths of B acceptors in Si are found to reduce dramatically in isotopically purified $^{28}\text{S}\text{i}$ single crystals. Moreover, extremely narrow substructures in the EPR spectra are visible corresponding to either an enhancement or a reduction in the absorbed microwave on resonance. The origin of the substructures is attributed to a combination of simultaneous double excitation and spin relaxation in the four level spin system of the acceptors. A spin population model is developed which qualitatively describes the experimental results.
Thermally stable ultra thin metal transparent electrodes (2008)

Abstract- Transparent electrodes made of ultra thin metal films are highly competitive with respect to Transparent Conductive Oxides, e.g. ITO. We report on thermally stable nickel transparent electrodes.
From High-Spin Organic Molecules to Organic Polymers with Magnetic Ordering (2002)

This concept paper outlines the design of the first pi-conjugated organic polymer with magnetic ordering. This rational, "bottom-up" macromolecular design is based on synthesis and study of polyarylmethyl polyradicals with increasing number of exchange-coupled unpaired electron spins. The prospects for attaining organic polymer magnets with stability at ambient temperature and/or higher magnetic ordering temperatures will be discussed.
OpenFlow MPLS and the open source label switched router (2011)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) [3] is a protocol widely used in commercial operator networks to forward packets by matching link-specific labels in the packet header to outgoing links rather than through standard IP longest prefix matching. However, in existing networks, MPLS is implemented by full IP routers, since the MPLS control plane protocols such as LDP [8] utilize IP routing to set up the label switched paths, even though the MPLS data plane does not require IP routing. OpenFlow 1.0 is an interface for controlling a routing or switching box by inserting flow specifications into the box's flow table [1]. While OpenFlow 1.0 does not support MPLS1, MPLS label-based forwarding seems conceptually a good match with OpenFlow's flow-based routing paradigm. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an experimental extension of OpenFlow 1.0 to support MPLS. The extension allows an OpenFlow switch without IP routing capability to forward MPLS on the data plane. We also describe the implementation of a prototype open source MPLS label switched router, based on the NetFPGA hardware platform [4], utilizing OpenFlow MPLS. The prototype is capable of forwarding data plane packets at line speed without IP forwarding, though IP forwarding is still used on the control plane. We provide some performance measurements comparing the prototype to software routers. The measurements indicate that the prototype is an appropriate tool for achieving line speed forwarding in testbeds and other experimental networks where flexibility is a key attribute, as a substitute for software routers.
Polymerization in Organized Media (2013)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Topochemical Systems Thermotropic Systems Lyotropic Systems Vesicles and Bilayers Langmuir–Blodgett Films Intercalated Systems Thermodynamics/Kinetics Two‐Dimensional Products from Ordered Media Two‐Dimensional Confinement of Monomer Two‐Dimensional Polymers from Self‐Assembling Monomers Nanostructures Via the Polymerization of Supramolecular Units
Enantio- and diastereoselective palladium catalysed arylative and vinylative allene carbocyclisation cascades (2013)

The enantioselective synthesis of heavily decorated spirolactams has been accomplished via an arylative or vinylative allene carbocyclisation cascade. Mediated by silver phosphate, a range of allene-linked pro-nucleophiles and aryl or vinyl iodides were reacted in the presence of catalytic Pd(OAc)2 and chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands to afford the spirolactam products in good yields and high enantio- and diastereoselectivities.
Optimizing the phase retardation caused by optical coatings (2008)

During the interaction with a coating, a phase shift is introduced on the light. In general this phase shift is different for S and P-polarized light. This means that the state of polarization may be changed during the interaction with the coating. Working with laser beams it is common to polarize the light parallel or orthogonal to the plane of incidence. In this case phase retardation does not occur. This explains why most people forget about the phase performance in their daily work. On the other hand, it is possible to utilize the phase retardation. For example it is possible to design a coating transforming a linearly polarized beam into a circularly polarized beam, and it is possible to make the phase retardation independent of the wavelength in a certain wavelength range. Equations and a design technique are presented for first and second order optimization of the phase retardation on reflection or transmission of light from optical coatings. The optimization is performed by alternating optimization on the phase characteristics and the phase targets for S and P-polarized light. Examples of the design of laser mirrors with zero retardation and quarter wave retardation are presented.
Abstract 265: EGFR positively regulates GBP1 expression to promote glioma cell invasion (2010)

Abstract Glioma is the most common and deadly human brain tumor. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or constitutively active mutation (EGFRVIII) is one of the most frequent genetic lesions in gliomas. To identify target genes regulated by EGFR signaling, we performed expression array analysis and found that human guanylate binding protein-1 (GBP1), a large GTPase that is induced by inflammatory cytokines, is one of the predominant genes induced by EGFR/EGF or EGFR VIII kinase activity. Our results demonstrate that EGF/EGFR signaling could dramatically induce GBP1 expression at both the mRNA and protein level through the p38 MAPK signaling cascade that is distinct from Stat1 signaling used by interferon γ. Moreover, we identified IRF1 and YY1 as downstream transcriptional regulator for GBP1 enhancement by EGFR/p38 signaling. Interestingly, we show that GBP1 is required for EGFR-mediated matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP1) expression, and plays a role in glioma cell invasion in vitro. Overexpression of GBP1 enhances glioma cell invasion through MMP1 induction, which was independent of GBP1 GTPase activity. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GBP1 inhibited MMP1 expression and in turn blocked cell invasion as well. Consistently, we found that GBP1 is overexpressed and positively correlated with EGFR/EGFRVIII and MMP1 expression in human glioma clinical samples and glioma cell lines, particularly in neural subtypes of GBM as demonstrated by TCGA database analysis. Therefore, Our results suggest that the dysregulation of EGFR-mediated GBP1 expression may contribute to glioma invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 265.
Derivatives of Thianaphthene. II (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Thianaphthene. IIF. F. Blicke and Don G. SheetsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2856–2859Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison between Rule-Based and Instantaneous Optimization for a Single-Mode, Power-Split HEV (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Over the past couple of years, numerous Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) powertrain configurations have been introduced into the marketplace. Currently, the dominant architecture is the power-split configuration, notably the input splits from Toyota Motor Sales and Ford Motor Company. This paper compares two vehicle-level control strategies that have been developed to minimize fuel consumption while maintaining acceptable performance and drive quality. The first control is rules based and was developed on the basis of test data from the Toyota Prius as provided by Argonne National Laboratory's (Argonne's) Advanced Powertrain Research Facility. The second control is based on an instantaneous optimization developed to minimize the system losses at every sample time. This paper describes the algorithms of each control and compares vehicle fuel economy (FE) on several drive cycles. Results demonstrate that both algorithms achieve similar FE values, which serve to demonstrate the benefits of the instantaneous optimal control: because it does not require tuning by the engineers, control development time is accelerated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Elastic-Dynamic Behavior of a Counterweighted Rocker Link with an Overhanging Endmass in a Four-Bar Linkage—Part I: Theory (1979)

The theoretical part of an investigation of the elastic-dynamic behavior of a counterweighted four-bar linkage rocker link, which in addition carries an overhanging mass, is given. The linearized equations of motion are derived by way of Hamilton’s integral, a novel elastic mechanism constraint equation, and the method of Kantorovich. The normal modes of the free vibration of the complex link provide the space portions of the solution, while the time portions are furnished by the resulting Hill’s equations. Floquet theory is adapted for stability considerations and a method for obtaining steady-state solutions is given. Part II applies the solution techniques to a specific mechanism and reports on confirming experimentation.
Selective α-Carbon Hydroxylation of Glycine in Nickel(II)–Cyclotetrapeptide Complexes by Oxygen Metal complexes of biologically important ligands, Part 144. For Part 143 see: J. Schapp, W. Beck, Z. Naturforsch. 2002, 576, 280–284. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. We thank Professor Bernard Meunier, Tolouse, for a very valuable comment. (2002)

Hydroxy groups added consecutively: the reaction of NiII cyclotetrapeptide complexes 1 with oxygen affords selective and stepwise α-C hydroxylation of the two ligand glycine units (formation of 2 and 3). The mechanism of these reactions, which occur via NiIII intermediates, is related to the function of the copper-containing enzyme peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM).