gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Settlement of Insider Trading Cases with the SEC (2016)

Insider trading, in its most simplistic form, occurs when an individual, in breach of a duty, buys or sells securities while in possession of material nonpublic information about a corporation or about the market for the corporation's securities. The investigation and prosecution of insider trading has been perhaps the most visible aspect of the Securities and Exchange Commission's (Commission) enforcement program over the past decade. Congress has determined that insider trading is illegal behavior1 and that it is damaging to the nation's capital markets because the capital formation process depends upon investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of our securities markets.2 The investing public has a legitimate expectation
Analysis of the interaction between single‐chain variable fragments and their antigen in a reducing intracellular environment using the two‐hybrid system (2000)

The coding sequences of three single-chain variable (scFv) fragments (A4, G4 and H3), which bind to dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) of Petunia hybrida, and the DFR-encoding sequence were cloned in two-hybrid vectors. The vectors were transformed in the yeast strain HF7c (his3-200, trp1-901, leu2-3) and the scFv-DFR interaction was analyzed by measuring yeast growth on medium without histidine. ScFv-G4 and, to a lesser extent, scFv-A4 could interact with DFR in the yeast nucleus. On the contrary, scFv-H3 showed no interaction with its antigen in yeast. The results of a previous expression analysis of the same scFv fragments in the plant cytosol correlate with those of the two-hybrid test. This suggests that it is possible to evaluate the antigen-scFv interaction in a reducing subcellular environment with the two-hybrid test. Therefore, the yeast two-hybrid system can be useful to identify candidate scFv fragments for intracellular antibody applications.
Kinetic Theory of Dense Gases. III. The Generalized Enskog Equation (1964)

The theory of transport phenomena in a gas is considered from a statistical mechanical viewpoint. The formalism is based on the Liouville equation for the time evolution of an ensemble of systems and the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon equations which are integrals of the Liouville equation. The BBGKY hierarchy is truncated by a factorization principle which is a generalization of the molecular chaos assumption. For purely repulsive potentials, the set of equations obtained by truncating at f(3) is shown to give rise to the three-body interaction term obtained by Hollinger and Curtiss and by a different argument by Bogoliubov. The two coupled equations obtained by truncating the BBGKY hierarchy at f(3) are considered in detail. An approximation to these equations leads to a Boltzmann equation which is a soft potential generalization of the Enskog dense gas equation for rigid spheres. This Boltzmann equation includes both collisional transfer and three body collision effects.
Technisch-physikalische Grundlagen zum tribologischen Verhalten keramischer Werkstoffe – Literaturubersicht (1988)

Darstellung der Anwendungen und Zukunftsperspektiven keramischer Werkstoffe zur Reibungs- und Verschleisminderung und Beschreibung der Beweggrunde fur den Einsatz von Keramik im High-Tech-Bereich sowie deren Wandel mit fortschreitendem Entwicklungsstand. Anschliesend folgen Arbeiten, die sich mit der Reaktion keramischer Oberflachen auf statische und tribologische Gleitbeanspruchungen befassen.
Expression of messenger molecules and receptors in rat and human sphenopalatine ganglion indicating therapeutic targets (2016)

Recent focus on the SPG has emphasized the role of parasympathetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of mainly CH. The development of next generation's drugs and treatment of cranial parasympathetic symptoms, mediated through the SPG, can be modulated by treatment with BoNT-A and 5-HT receptor agonists.
Increased granulocyte aggregation in vitro in diabetes mellitus (1997)

Having previously shown an increase in white blood cell (WBC) aggregation in groups known to have a high incidence of cardiovascular events, we compared 28 patients with diabetes mellitus and no history or clinical evidence of macrovascular disease with 28 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Patients and controls had blood taken in the morning and analysed for WBC aggregation in vitro using a whole blood technique. WBC aggregation was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the normal controls (mean +/- SD 31.10 +/- 10.26% vs. 25.7 +/- 9.38%; p < 0.04, Student t-test). WBC aggregation predates the appearance of clinical symptoms of macrovascular disease in diabetes.
WorldKit (2013)

Instant access to computing, when and where we need it, has long been one of the aims of research areas such as ubiquitous computing. In this paper, we describe the WorldKit system, which makes use of a paired depth camera and projector to make ordinary surfaces instantly interactive. Using this system, touch-based interactivity can, without prior calibration, be placed on nearly any unmodified surface literally with a wave of the hand, as can other new forms of sensed interaction. From a user perspective, such interfaces are easy enough to instantiate that they could, if desired, be recreated or modified "each time we sat down" by "painting" them next to us. From the programmer's perspective, our system encapsulates these capabilities in a simple set of abstractions that make the creation of interfaces quick and easy. Further, it is extensible to new, custom interactors in a way that closely mimics conventional 2D graphical user interfaces, hiding much of the complexity of working in this new domain. We detail the hardware and software implementation of our system, and several example applications built using the library.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Expression, Chromosomal Alterations, and Immunoglobulin Variable Heavy Chain Hypermutations in Mantle Cell Lymphomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Expression, Chromosomal Alterations, and Immunoglobulin Variable Heavy Chain Hypermutations in Mantle Cell Lymphomas
Optimal OFDM Design for Time (2003)

Transmission over wireless channels is subject to time dispersion due to multipath propagation as well as frequency dis- persion due to the Doppler effect. Standard orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using a guard-time interval or cyclic prefix combat intersymbol interference (ISI), but provide no protection against interchannel interference (ICI). This draw- back has led to the introduction of pulse-shaping OFDM systems. In the first part of the paper, we present a general framework for pulse shape design. Our analysis shows that certain pulse shapes proposed in the literature are, in fact, optimal in a well-defined sense. Furthermore, our approach provides a simple way to adapt the pulse shape to varying channel conditions. In the second part of the paper, we show that (pulse-shaping) OFDM systems based on rectangular time-frequency lattices are not optimal for time- and frequency-dispersive wireless channels. This motivates the intro- duction of lattice-OFDM (LOFDM) systems which are based on general time-frequency lattices. Using results from sphere packing theory, we show how to optimally design LOFDM systems (the lat- tice and the pulse shape) for time- and frequency-dispersive chan- nels in order to minimize the joint ISI/ICI. Our theoretical anal- ysis is confirmed by numerical simulations, showing that LOFDM systems outperform traditional pulse-shaping OFDM systems with respect to robustness against ISI/ICI.
The Roles of Oxide Growth and Sub-Surface Facets in Oxygen Evolution Activity of Iridium and Its Impact on Electrolysis (2019)

This paper combines density functional theory calculations and electrochemical testing to study activity differences among iridium (Ir) surfaces in the oxygen evolution reaction. Ir metal/hydroxide is significantly more active than Ir oxide, which may be due to oxide skins at the surface weakening O-binding relative to pure metal or oxide surfaces. Here we report a disparity in activity between Ir and Ir oxide in half-cells not observed in single-cells. Extended operation at elevated temperature and potential were found to result in oxide growth, limiting how surface differences affect electrolyzer performance. Comparisons of half- and single-cell testing were used to assess how well rotating disk electrode testing predicts membrane electrode assembly performance and durability. Although oxygen evolution activities in half-cells can translate to single-cells, standard rotating disk electrode test procedures can exaggerate the activity benefit of a metal/hydroxide surface relative to membrane electrode assembly performance under typical operating conditions; it also appears that a half-cell test cannot reasonably accelerate activity loss from continual operation. While a variety of novel catalyst approaches, including alloying, faceting, morphology, and supports can improve oxygen evolution kinetics, these results suggest that Ir surfaces at different oxide states may struggle to improve performance at the device level.
Diffusion and photon recycling in halide perovskite thin films: insights from experiment and theory (2020)

Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites stand out as unique photovoltaic materials due to their exceptional optical and electronic properties. Here, we study in-plane carrier diffusion in perovskite thin films via time-resolved imaging of the photoluminescence from a diffraction-limited spot. Fitting to a 3D diffusion model allows extraction of both diffusion and recombination coefficients. Our results show two regimes of carrier diffusion, with a very rapid spreading large <i>D</i> = (0.968 &plusmn; 0.003) cm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> observed at short times, within a measurement window of ~1 ns, and a much smaller <i>D</i> = (7 &plusmn; 1) × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> in a window of 200 ns. To investigate the rapid spreading at short times, we explicitly consider the effect of photon recycling within the plane of the film. We find that photon recycling has a negligible impact on such measurements, with the exception of a small increase in the intensity of the tails of the luminescence spot.
Serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an independent prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) (2007)

5044 Background: The French Immunotherapy Group previously showed that circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and VEGF correlate with survival in MRCC patients (pts) (Négrier JCO 2004). We aimed to confirm the prognostic value of IL-6 and VEGF, and to test that of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and macrophage inflammatory protein 3-alpha (MIP-3a) for survival in MRCC pts of good and intermediate prognoses. Patients and Methods: Pre-treatment samples were obtained from 302 MRCC pts enrolled in 2 parallel multicenter randomized cytokine trials. Baseline serum levels of IL-6, M-CSF, VEGF, and MIP3a were determined by immunoassays; their prognostic value for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was tested. Characteristics of pts with a 0.15 significance level in univariate analysis (ECOG PS, prior therapy, metastatic sites and biological parameters) were entered in a multivariate Cox model. A backward stepwise procedure discriminated non-influential variables at 0.05 level. Results: Median IL6, VEGF, M-CSF and MIP3a levels were respectively 7.3 (range 0–392 pg/mL), 0.5 (0–2.3 ng/mL), 406 (0–4,785 pg/mL) and 0 (0–1,705 ng/mL). IL6 or M-CSF and VEGF (p&lt;0.0001), or IL6 and M-CSF (p=0.0005) were significantly correlated. Death occurred in 192/302 pts, with 20.9 month median OS. OS was highly correlated with IL6, VEGF and M-CSF (p &lt;0.001) but not with MIP3a (p=0.06) in univariate analysis. Only VEGF remained independently prognostic for OS in multivariate analysis (39% increased probability of death if VEGF level doubled) after adjustment on PS, time from diagnosis to metastasis, number of metastatic sites, pleural metastasis, abnormal sedimentation rate, haemoglobin and LDH levels. Similar results were found for PFS, with a hazard ratio of 1.19 for a 2-fold VEGF increase. Conclusions: The independent prognostic value of serum IL6 level is not confirmed in our cohort that excluded pts with poor outcome, but serum VEGF level appears as an independent prognostic factor, thus supporting the therapeutic interest for these pts of newly available drugs targeting VEGF receptors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Monolithic 2.5kV RMS, 1.8V&#x2013;3.3V dual-channel 640Mbps digital isolator in 0.5&#x03BC;m SOS (2012)

In this paper we describe a dual-channel, monolithic, capacitive digital isolator on 0.5μm SOS, with a measured single-channel maximum speed of 640Mbps at 3.3V supply -more than 2X better than all previously reported commercial and academic literature. We report 1.8V-compatible operation for the first time, achieving a top speed of 260Mbps; which exceeds the 3.3V performance of all previously reported designs. Current draw (85μA/Mbps at 3.3V) and galvanic isolation level (2.5kV RMS) are competitive with commercial offerings.
[Effect of sodium and magnesium ions on development of a "calcium paradox" in cardiac muscle]. (1996)

The isolated rat heart was used to examine the impact of ion concentrations of sodium ions in the Ca-free medium on the development of cardiomyocytic damage after the former sodium ion concentration had been restored in the solution (the calcium paradox). Lowering a concentration of sodium ions in the Ca-free medium was found to enhance the development of the calcium paradox if the perfusion media contained no magnesium ions. Adding magnesium (0.125-1.2 mM) throughout the experiment reversed the action of the decreased sodium medium and contributed to the preservation of high concentrations of energy-rich compounds, to that of mitochondrial conjugation of oxidation and phosphorylation, to more than 4-fold cardiac release of myoglobin. An artificially elevated sodium ion concentration (as high as 170-220 mM) was effective in preventing cardiac energy impairments irrespective of the magnesium ion concentration. The positive action of the unchanged concentration of sodium ions during the calcium paradox was completely reversed by strophanthin. The findings are in a good agreement with the so-called sodium hypothesis of calcium paradox development.
Inhibition of the Iron-Catalysed Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals by Nitrosouracil Derivatives: Protection of Mitochondrial Membranes Against Lipid Peroxidation (1993)

A new series of metal ligands containing the 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino-5- nitrosouracil moiety has been synthesized and they have been studied as potential inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. For this purpose, these new derivatives have been tested in the Fenton induced deoxyribose degradation assay, which allows a quantitative measurement of their inhibitory effect towards hydroxyl radical generation. When iron(II) is complexed by these ligands, a strong inhibition of deoxyribose degradation is observed, especially in the case of tris-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil-6-yl)aminoethyl] amine (5). This inhibitory effect is clearly related to a specific complexation of iron(II) and is not due to the direct scavenging of hydroxyl radical by the ligand. Inhibition of the iron mediated Fenton reaction presumably results from inactivation of the reactivity of the metal center towards hydrogen peroxide. These derivatives, as well as long alkyl chain substituted nitrosouracils were evaluated in the protection of biological membranes against lipid peroxidation (induced by iron(II)/dihydroxyfumaric acid and determined with the 2-thiobarbituric acid test). Ligand 5 inhibited lipid peroxidation at a rate similar to Desferal (desferrioxamine B) and slightly higher than bathophenanthroline sulphonate (BPS), which are respectively good iron(III) and iron(II) chelators. When covalently bound with a long alkyl chain, the increase of lipophilic character of the ligand allows its location near the mitochondrial membrane, where lipid peroxidation occurs. Lower concentrations (IC50 = 4 microM) are then necessary to inhibit lipid peroxidation. This IC50 concentration should be compared to those obtained for Trolox (IC50 = 3 microM) or the 21-aminosteroid U74500A (IC50 = 1 microM) described previously.
Dynorphin is a downstream effector of striatal BDNF regulation of ethanol intake (2008)

We recently identified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dorsal striatum to be a major component of a homeostatic pathway controlling ethanol consumption. We hypothesized that ethanol-mediated activation of the BDNF signaling cascade is required for the ethanol-related function of the neurotrophic factor. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of striatal neurons to ethanol results in the activation of the BDNF receptor TrkB, leading to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signaling pathway and the subsequent increase in the expression of preprodynorphin (Pdyn) via BDNF. Finally, we show that activation of the dynorphin receptor, the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), is required for the BDNF-mediated decrease in ethanol intake, illustrating a function of dynorphin in BDNF's homeostatic control of ethanol consumption. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BDNF regulates ethanol intake by initiation of MAP kinase signaling and the ensuing production of downstream gene products, including Pdyn.
Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance's 3rd Cumulative Report [Flier] (2015)

This flier notes: "Learn what NARA is doing to develop a renewable fuel economy in the Pacific Northwest that uses wood from slash piles (forest residuals) to make biojet fuel and other co-products."
Cholesteric liquid crystal induced circular dichroism (LCICD). VI. LCICD behavior of benzene and some of its mono- and disubstituted derivatives (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCholesteric liquid crystal induced circular dichroism (LCICD). VI. LCICD behavior of benzene and some of its mono- and disubstituted derivativesF. D. Saeva, P. E. Sharpe, and G. R. OlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 23, 7660–7663Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00804a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00804a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction prediction: Reducing error correction latency for on-chip memories (2015)

The reliability of on-chip memories (e.g., caches) determines their minimum operating voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ) and, therefore, the power these memories consume. A strong error correction mechanism can be used to tolerate the increasing memory cell failure rate as supply voltage is reduced. However, strong error correction often incurs a high latency relative to the on-chip memory access time. We propose correction prediction where a fast mechanism predicts the result of strong error correction to hide the long latency of correction. Subsequent pipeline stages execute using the predicted values while the long latency strong error correction attempts to verify the correctness of the predicted values in parallel. We present a simple correction prediction implementation, CP, which uses a fast, but weak error correction mechanism as the correction predictor. Our evaluations for a 32KB 4-way set associative SRAM L1 cache show that the proposed implementation, CP, reduces the average cache access latency by 38%-52% compared to using a strong error correction scheme alone. This reduces the energy of a 2-issue in-order core by 16%-21%.
Gonadal malignant germ cell tumors express immunoreactive inhibin/activin subunits (2001)

The present results show positive staining for inhibin/activin subunits in ovarian and testicular MGCT, suggesting a possible role in tumorigenesis with the resultant clinical implication.
Electron diffraction structure analysis of phospholipids (1987)

Abstract The use of lamellar electron diffraction data from epitaxially oriented phospholipid crystals for quantitative structure analysis is described in this review of the technique. It is seen that an appropriate correction for crystal texture, which is justified by the analysis of low‐dose lattice images, enables these intensity data to be used much as they would be used in X‐ray crystallography. Analyses of two classes of phospholipids are reviewed, revealing that the recently determined lamellar structures of ether‐linked phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are quite similar to the acyl‐chain structures. Preliminary analysis of 1,2‐dihexadecyl‐ sn ‐glycerophospho‐N‐methyl ethanolamine indicates that the headgroup conformation may be similar to that of the ether‐linked lecithin.
Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA : elucidation of a new gene silencing pathway (2011)

Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA is an RNAi-mediated pathway that functions to silence unpaired genes during the sexual phase of Neurospora crassa.The presence of a gene insertion or deletion causes an unpairing event during the homolog pairing stage.My dissertationâ€™s aim was to further characterize this new RNAi pathway.First, I was involved in adapting the in vivo protein interaction technique Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) to N. crassa to investigate SAD-1/SAD-2 interaction.SAD-1 and SAD-2 interact in the perinuclear region, suggesting that SAD-2 functions to bring SAD-1 to its proper location.Next, I was involved in identifying components of quelling that also function in meiotic silencing.dcl-1 and qip were found to be important for sexual development and meiotic silencing.DCL-1 and QIP also localize in the perinuclear region, implicating these genes in meiotic silencing.Finally, I tested the mating type locus for immunity to meiotic silencing.Unpaired reporter gene insertions resulted in ascospore populations exhibiting partial protection from silencing.When a reporter gene was enclosed with paired mat locus flanks at an ectopic locus, partial protection was again observed.