gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of the initial stages of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis. (1993)

DNA fragmentation during apoptosis proceeds through an ordered series of stages commencing with the production of DNA fragments of 300 kbp, which are then degraded to fragments of 50 kbp. The 50-kbp fragments are further degraded, in some but not all cells, to smaller fragments (10-40 kbp) and release the small oligonucleosome fragments that are recognized as the characteristic DNA ladder on conventional agarose gels. Methodology is presented for the detection of the initial stages of DNA fragmentation using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and conventional agarose gel electrophoresis that allows detection of the DNA ladder in the same sample. A new method for the detection of high molecular weight DNA fragments on conventional agarose gels is presented, together with a rationale for the analysis of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis.
Correlations among molecular structures, solubilities in fluorinated media, thermal properties and absorption spectra of anthraquinone dichroic dyes with phenylthio and/or anilino groups (2011)

Attractive correlations among molecular structures, solubilities in fluorinated media, thermal properties and absorption spectra of several anthraquinone dichroic dyes with phenylthio and/or anilino groups were investigated. These dyes are classifiable into three types from the viewpoint of correlations between thermal properties and solubilities. The first group consists of hardly soluble anthraquinone dyes with the same phenylthio groups at positions 1 and 5. They have large enthalpy of fusions (94–127 kg/kJ) which induce strong interactions among dye molecules. The second group consists of dyes with two different phenylthio groups at positions 1 and 5. They have smaller enthalpy of fusions (around 60 kg/kJ) and can be solved in the cases of some combinations of phenylthio groups. The third group consists of dyes with two different phenylthio groups and one of them has a trifluoromethyl group at a meta position. They have very low enthalpy of fusions (2.8–22.8 kg/kJ) and their solubilities are very large even at low temperatures. The difference between the solubility in fluorinated liquid crystals and in fluorinated solvents suggests that dyes in liquid crystal phase have specific solvation forms that are different from those in isotropic phase.
Effect of the Linking Position of a Side Chain in Bis(quinolylmethyl)ethylenediamine as a DNA Binding Agent. (2000)

Two bisquinoline derivatives, N,N'-bis(2-quinolylmethyl)ethylenediamine (2-BQME) and N,N'-bis(8-quinolylmethyl)ethylenediamine (8-BQME) have been synthesized, and their ability to bind to duplex DNA was studied. 8-BQME bound to DNA more strongly than 2-BQME, judging from the extent of increase in the melting temperature of duplex DNA, the UV-vis spectral change, and ethidium displacement assay. These compounds exhibited apparent AT-specificity suggesting minor groove binding in addition to intercalation.
Ultrafast modulators based on nonlinear photonic crystal waveguides (2011)

Nonlinear photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides are being developed for ultrafast modulators. To enable phase velocity matching we have investigated one- and two-dimensional structures. Photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides based on epitaxial barium titanate (BTO) thin film in a Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BTO/MgO multilayer structure were fabricated by electron beam lithography or focused ion beam (FIB) milling. For both one- and two-dimensional PhCs, simulation shows that sufficient refractive index contrast is achieved to form a stop band. For one-dimensional Bragg reflector, we measured its slow light properties and the group refractive index of optical wave. For a millimeter long waveguide a 27 nm wide stop band was obtained at 1550 nm. A slowing of the light was observed, the group refractive indices at the mid band gap and at the band edges were estimated to be between 8.0 and 12 for the transverse electric (TE) mode, and 6.9 and 13 for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. For TE optical modes, the enhancement factor of EO coefficient ranges from 7 to 13, and for the TM mode, the factor ranges from 5.9 to 15. Measurements indicate that near velocity phase matching can be realized. Upon realizing the phase velocity matching condition, devices with a small foot print with bandwidths at 490 GHz can be attained. Two-dimensional PhC crystal with a hexagonal lattice was also investigated. The PhCs were fabricated from epitaxial BTO thin film multilayers using focused ion beam milling. The PhCs are based on BTO slab waveguide and air hole arrays defined within Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and BTO thin films. A refractive index contrast of 0.4 between the barium titanate thin film multilayers and the air holes enables strong light confinement. For the TE optical mode, the hexagonal photonic crystal lattice with a diameter of 155 nm and a lattice constant of 740 nm yields a photonic bandgap over the wavelength range from 1525 to 1575 nm. The transmission spectrum of the PhC waveguide exhibits stronger Fabry Perot resonance compared to that of conventional waveguide. Measured transmission spectra show a bandgap in the &Gamma;M direction in the reciprocal lattice that is in agreement with the simulated results using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Compared to polarization intensity EO modulator with a half-wave voltage length product of 4.7 V&bull;mm. The PhC based EO modulator has a factor of 6.6 improvement in the figure of merit performance. The thin film PhC waveguide devices show considerable potential for ultra-wide bandwidth electro-optic modulators as well as tunable optical filters and switches.
Silicon carbide LED (2002)

Silicon carbide has been widely used as material for manufacturing yellow, red, green LED and optoelecronics devices (indicators, screens). The silicon carbide LED technology has been investigated for improvement of their operational characteristics. This includes the influences of the surface processing (etching, annealing), the formation method for the p-n junctions and the contacts on the LED properties. Light-emitting devices used as light sources for optical-fiber communication lines. LED fabricated by Al + ion-implanted in 6H-SiC and investigated their characteristics for an effective green LED. The brightness of the ion-implanted p-n junction was found to be two orders higher than that of diffusion p-n junction, and the best value was 2000-10000 cd/m 2 with passing current about 0.5 mA through area 50x50 m and applied voltage about 2.6 0.2 V. The ion-implanted structures showed a high stability of light in the temperature range of 77-600 K.
Long range coherence in free electron lasers (1984)

The simple free electron laser (FEL) design uses a static, periodic, transverse magnetic field to undulate relativistic electrons traveling along its axis. This allows coupling to a co-propagating optical wave and results in bunching to produce coherent radiation. The advantages of the FEL are continuous tunability, operation at wavelengths ranging from centimeters to angstroms, and high efficiency resulting from the fact that the interaction region only contains light, relativistic electrons, and a magnetic field. Theoretical concepts and operational principles are discussed.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of H Atom Transfer from HMo(CO)3(η5-C5H5) to Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 and (PhCN)Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3: Direct Insertion of Benzonitrile into the Mo−H Bond of HMo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 forming (Ph(H)C═N)Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (2008)

Synthetic studies are reported that show that the reaction of either H2SnR2 (R = Ph, n-Bu) or HMo(CO)3(Cp) (1-H, Cp = eta(5)-C5H5) with Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (2, Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2) produce HMo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (2-H). The benzonitrile adduct (PhCN)Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (2-NCPh) reacts rapidly with H2SnR2 or 1-H to produce the ketimide complex (Ph(H)C=N)Mo(N[t-Bu]Ar)3 (2-NC(H)Ph). The X-ray crystal structures of both 2-H and 2-NC(H)Ph are reported. The enthalpy of reaction of 1-H and 2 in toluene solution has been measured by solution calorimetry (DeltaH = -13.1 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1)) and used to estimate the Mo-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) in 2-H as 62 kcal mol(-1). The enthalpy of reaction of 1-H and 2-NCPh in toluene solution was determined calorimetrically as DeltaH = -35.1 +/- 2.1 kcal mol(-1). This value combined with the enthalpy of hydrogenation of [Mo(CO)3(Cp)]2 (1(2)) gives an estimated value of 90 kcal mol(-1) for the BDE of the ketimide C-H of 2-NC(H)Ph. These data led to the prediction that formation of 2-NC(H)Ph via nitrile insertion into 2-H would be exothermic by approximately 36 kcal mol(-1), and this reaction was observed experimentally. Stopped flow kinetic studies of the rapid reaction of 1-H with 2-NCPh yielded DeltaH(double dagger) = 11.9 +/- 0.4 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(double dagger) = -2.7 +/- 1.2 cal K(-1) mol(-1). Corresponding studies with DMo(CO)3(Cp) (1-D) showed a normal kinetic isotope effect with kH/kD approximately 1.6, DeltaH(double dagger) = 13.1 +/- 0.4 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = 1.1 +/- 1.6 cal K(-1) mol(-1). Spectroscopic studies of the much slower reaction of 1-H and 2 yielding 2-H and 1/2 1(2) showed generation of variable amounts of a complex proposed to be (Ar[t-Bu]N)3Mo-Mo(CO)3(Cp) (1-2). Complex 1-2 can also be formed in small equilibrium amounts by direct reaction of excess 2 and 1(2). The presence of 1-2 complicates the kinetic picture; however, in the presence of excess 2, the second-order rate constant for H atom transfer from 1-H has been measured: 0.09 +/- 0.01 M(-1) s(-1) at 1.3 degrees C and 0.26 +/- 0.04 M(-1) s(-1) at 17 degrees C. Study of the rate of reaction of 1-D yielded kH/kD = 1.00 +/- 0.05 consistent with an early transition state in which formation of the adduct (Ar[t-Bu]N)3Mo...HMo(CO)3(Cp) is rate limiting.
Effect of ESD Layout on the Assembly Yield and Reliability (2006)

The paper investigated the thin film stress effect on the wire-bond assembly yield and reliability. ESD layouts that utilize the bond pad area increase the thermomechanical stress of the thin-films in the pad area and affect the assembly. Experimental data on products with different metal layout designs are compared to characterize the assembly yield and reliability performance. A computer finite element mechanical stress analysis is also conducted to quantify the interaction of pad design with the assembly. Experimental data and simulation showed a good correlation between the metal layout and the assembly yield and reliability. A degradation model is proposed with the support of detail failure analysis. A robust design solution is suggested to reduce the mechanical stress and improve the assembly yield and reliability
A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis (2020)

Novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years. The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy. Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available, any beneficial approach (including nutritional and dietary approach) is worth investigation. Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research, a novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG Plus) was developed that has potential against CoV infection. System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG Plus in modulating targets and pathways relevant to immune and inflammation responses. Gene target acquisition, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis. The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production, activate and balance T-cells, and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools. Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements.
Applying LCC Compensated Primary Topology Utilizing Switches for Transmitters With Inter-Coupling in a Wireless Power Transmission System (2022)

LCC compensation network is a commonly used primary compensated topology for wireless power transmission. In this paper, we investigate the LCC primary topology utilizing switches for two transmitters with strong inter-coupling. First, drawbacks of current LCC topology utilizing switches are analyzed in aspects of over-voltage, power loss, and reactive power. Then, an LCC topology with modified switch location is proposed to provide no extra power loss and no additional reactive power in idle coil. After that, two connection modes of this modified topology are investigated to reduce over-voltage on switches. Finally, a two-coil LCC compensated charging system is built up to confirm the feasibility of modified topology under strong inter-coupling, and the theoretical analysis of performance in two connection modes is verified.
Inhibition of Ras/Raf Interaction by Anti-oncogenic Mutants of Neurofibromin, the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Gene Product, in Cell-free Systems (1995)

The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene encodes a protein, neurofibromin, containing GTPase-activating protein-related domain (GRD) that stimulates intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras protein. By screening a randomly mutagenized NF1-GRD library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated two NF1-GRD mutants (NF201 and NF204) with single amino acid substitutions, which suppress the heat shock-sensitive phenotype of the RAS2(G19V) mutant. The NF1-GRD mutants also suppress the oncogenic Ras-induced transformation of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (Nakafuku, M., Nagamine, M., Ohtoshi, A., Tanaka, K., Toh-e, A., and Kaziro, Y. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 6706-6710). In this paper, we investigated the molecular mechanism of inhibition of the transforming Ras-specific function by the NF1-GRD mutants in mammalian cells. In human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, the mutant NF1-GRDs attenuated the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by Ras(G12V), but not by platelet-derived growth factor. In cell-free systems, purified recombinant NF1-GRD mutants showed an inhibitory effect on the association of Ras.guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) with Raf at several times lower concentrations than the wild type. Furthermore, it was revealed that the binding affinity of the mutant NF1-GRDs toward Ras.GTP gamma S is approximately 5-10 times higher than the wild type. These results suggest that the mutant NF1-GRDs tightly bind to an oncogenic Ras in its GTP-bound active conformation and block the interaction between Ras and its effector, Raf.
Evaluation of Neutron Dosemeter Responses to Various Neutron Fields (2002)

Dose conversion coefficients from neutron fluence to operational quantities have been changed with the revision of radiation protection ordinances in Japan in April 2001. The influences of the revision were examined for the popularly used neutron dosemeters. It was shown, as a result, that the relative energy response to dose equivalent was not so changed by the revision.In addition, various dosemeters were examined on the ratios between the reading and true dose equivalent, when they were used in the various neutron fields. The percentages of the cases whose ratios were within 1-2 were 23-77% and 9-82% in 180 fields, for the representative rem counters and personal dosemeters, respectively, when the dosemeters were calibrated with 252Cf source.
Pineal Chemistry: In Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms (1975)

Book Review| February 01 1975 Pineal Chemistry: In Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms Pineal Chemistry: In Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms. W. B. QUAY. ThomasSpringfield 1974, pp. 430, $24.75 J. HERBERT J. HERBERT Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (1): 210–211. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030210 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. HERBERT; Pineal Chemistry: In Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1975; 3 (1): 210–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030210 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Bioaccumulation of super‐lipophilic chemicals in fish (1984)

The influence of increasing molecular size and hydrophobicity on bioaccumulation kinetics in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated for a series of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in comparison with other halogenated aromatic compounds. Extremely low clearance rates were characteristic of the higher chlorinated biphenyls and resulted in a linear accumulation in fish. For these compounds, in contrast to more soluble chemicals, direct uptake from water appeared to be less efficient than uptake from contaminated food. Hexabromobenzene, octachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and tetradecachloroterphenyl were not accumulated by living fish. The importance of food‐chain accumulation (biomagnification) versus direct bio‐concentration is discussed in relation to molecular structure and physico‐chemical properties of organic chemicals. Notes Present address: Rijkswaterstaat‐RIZA, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands. Present address: Chair of Ecological Chemistry and Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, P.O. Box 3008, D‐8580 Bayreuth, Germany.
Study of shot noise in a double barrier resonant tunneling structure (2002)

Shot noise is calculated in a double barrier resonant tunneling structure (DBRTS) by taking the space charge accumulated inside the quantum well into account. The calculation is self-consistent in nature and is obtained by simultaneously solving the Schrodinger and Poisson's equations. The calculation manifests the suppression of shot noise in the positive differential resistance (PDR) region and an enhancement in the negative differential resistance region (NDR) of the DBRTS. The behavior is explained in terms of the fluctuation of the eigen energy of the structure due to the stored charge in the quantum well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Overview of the GF‐7 Laser Altimeter System Mission (2019)

Abstract The Gao Fen 7 (GF‐7) satellite is China's first submeter, high‐resolution Earth observation and remote sensing satellite for natural resource monitoring, land surveying, and other industrial applications in China. The GF‐7 laser altimeter system is the successor of the ZiYuan3‐02 (ZY3‐02 satellite) laser altimeter. The key objective of the GF‐7 laser altimetry system is to provide high‐precision ground elevation control points that assist in optical imaging to achieve 1:10000 mapping in China. This paper introduces the GF‐7 laser altimeter system payload specifications, mission objectives, in‐orbit calibration plan, data products, and service policy. In the future, the GF‐7 laser altimeter system will also serve multidisciplinary and professional applications through its precise elevation measurement capabilities. In addition, it will play a vital role in Earth observation, climate change monitoring, and environmental protection.
A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats (2019)

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in the acquisition of aversive learning via actions in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) 1,2 . However, the function of NE in expression of aversively-conditioned responses has not been established. Given the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in the expression of such behaviors 3 , and the presence of NE projections in this brain nucleus, we assessed the effects of NE activity in the CeA on behavioral expression using receptor-specific pharmacology and cell-and projection-specific chemogenetic manipulations. We found that inhibition and activation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons decreases and increases freezing to aversively conditioned cues, respectively. We then show that locally inhibiting or activating LC terminals in CeA is sufficient to achieve this bidirectional modulation of defensive reactions. These findings support the hypothesis that LC projections to CeA are required for the expression of defensive responses elicited by conditioned threats.
Self-spectrotemporal imaging of nonlinear-dispersive similariton (2008)

International audience
Supplementary Figure 1 from Impact of c-MYC Protein Expression on Outcome of Patients with Early-Stage HER2<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Trastuzumab NCCTG (Alliance) N9831 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 - PDF file 5863K, NCCTG N9831 Trial Incorporating Trastuzumab in Adjuvant Therapy&lt;/p&gt;
Decreased chaos of heart rate time series in children of patients with panic disorder (2002)

This study examined the differences of heart rate variability measures between children of parents with panic disorder and children of healthy controls using linear as well as nonlinear techniques. Supine and standing heart rate variability indices were measured in all children using power spectral analysis and a measure of chaos, the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) of heart rate time series. No significant differences emerged between the children of panic disorder parents and children of normal controls on any of the spectral heart rate variability measures. However, children of patients with panic disorder had significantly lower LLE of heart rate time series in supine posture, suggesting a relative decrease of cardiac vagal function in this group of children. This suggests a possible heritable effect of certain measures of heart rate variability, as previous studies showed decreased heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder using spectral as well as nonlinear techniques. Recent evidence also suggests that some of these nonlinear measures are superior or of additional value to the traditional time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability to predict serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.