gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CROWN: Conversational Passage Ranking by Reasoning over Word Networks (2019)

Information needs around a topic cannot be satisfied in a single turn; users typically ask follow-up questions referring to the same theme and a system must be capable of understanding the conversational context of a request to retrieve correct answers. In this paper, we present our submission to the TREC Conversational Assistance Track 2019, in which such a conversational setting is explored. We propose a simple unsupervised method for conversational passage ranking by formulating the passage score for a query as a combination of similarity and coherence. To be specific, passages are preferred that contain words semantically similar to the words used in the question, and where such words appear close by. We built a word-proximity network (WPN) from a large corpus, where words are nodes and there is an edge between two nodes if they co-occur in the same passages in a statistically significant way, within a context window. Our approach, named CROWN, improved nDCG scores over a provided Indri baseline on the CAsT training data. On the evaluation data for CAsT, our best run submission achieved above-average performance with respect to AP@5 and nDCG@1000.
Non-Destructive Characterization of InGaAsP/InP Distributed Bragg Reflectors and Regrown Optical Cavity Layers for InP-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1997)

A non-destructive characterization method for epitaxial wafers of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) before device processing, and a way for reproducible fabrication of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) using this method, are discussed. The DBR, active layer, and cavity length are successfully characterized by using YAG-laser-excited PL measurement and reflectivity-spectrum measurement. For a buried-heterostructure VCSEL, cavity length is evaluated by using a newly assembled small-area-spectral-reflectance measurement system. It is also shown that the cavity length can be tuned by using chemical etching.
Synthesis of Various Pyrido- and Indolo[g]fused 1H-Quinolin-4-one Derivatives (1993)

Four series of linear tricyclic and quadricyclic heterocyclic derivatives related to oxolinic acid have been prepared: 1H-pyrido[3,4-g]quinolin-4-ones (1), 1H-pyrido[3,2-g]quinolin-4-ones (2), 1H,11H-pyrido[3,2-b]acridine-4,6-diones (8) and 1H,10H-indolo[3,2-g]quinolin-4-ones (10)
Estimation of Submergent Plant Bed Biovolume using Acoustic Range Information (1990)

Acoustic measurements of the distance between the water surface, top of the aquatic plants, and bottom of the water column were made using chart recording echosounders. The vertical cross sectional area (m 2 ), height (m), biovolume (m 3 ), of aquatic plant beds and variances were computed for three surveys of Devils Lake, Oregon, in May, July, and September, 1986 when coefficients of variation for the plant bed biovolume estimates were 0.18, 0.05, and 0.06, respectively (n = 14). Coefficients of variation for plant biomass estimates (g/m 2 ) computed from SCUBA quadrat samples collected concurrently with the acoustic surveys, were 0.98 (n = 48), 0.81 (n = 90), and 1.05 (n = 90), respectively. The higher precision of the biovolume estimates allow for a 5- to 18-fold greater capability to detect a change in the mean. The lower costs of the biovolume estimates allow for a 10- to 33-fold greater precision-for-cost. The plant bed biovolume variable contains ecologically different information than the biomass variable in that it provides a direct estimate of the amount of aquatic habitat in a lake that is influenced by plants; it should prove useful for evaluating plant control practices and possibly for studying plant-fish interactions.
Design & Simulation of a PV system under varying temperatures for maximum power by considering the variation of efficiency with temperature in Simulink (2022)

Energy consumption is a prime factor to be addressed as our natural resources are depleting continuously and dependency is now shifted to alternative sources of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy etc. is needed to address the issue. Solar energy can be effectively used as an alternative source for power consumption. A solar panel system requires a proper battery charge controller so that it can balance the power which is flowing from PV system to battery for effective power utilization. A solar panel can produce maximum power at an operating limit called MPP (maximum power-point) for maximal efficiency. When the temperature of light falling on the PV system increases, the efficiency decreases, and the issue of temperature and efficiency will have to be equally considered when designing the control system of the solar panel system for maximum power and the amount of solar irradiance is equally necessary for maximizing power of the panels. An efficient charging technique is required to charge the battery with the MPPT algorithm to achieve maximum efficiency. A PO (Perturb and Observe) algorithm is implemented to obtain the maximum power from the solar panel to track the maximum power of the system and MPPT charge controller along with buck converter is implemented to charge the battery by drawing energy from the panel and prevent it from overcharging and high discharging current and to always check the state of charge of the battery to increase the efficiency and lifespan of the battery which will enhance energy capacity of panel making it more efficient in tracking more power for utilization. The results prove that the implemented solar MPPT charge controller increases the efficiency and keeps it constant continuously and this method provides greater efficiency for solar panel at different temperatures and safety for the battery.
Session 23 overview: LO generation: RF subcommittee (2018)

The session presents LO-generation systems aimed at 5G communications and sub-mm-wave sensing systems. The first three papers focus on mm-wave CMOS LOs for multiband 5G systems and highlight the importance of injection-locked frequency multipliers and accurate quadrature generation for the 28-to-44GHz band. Then, the session continues with a BiCMOS 301.7-to-331.8GHz source and a 4GHz inverse-Class-F CMOS VCO. A quad-core BiCMOS 15GHz VCO is presented next, while a 7.4-to-14GHz CMOS PLL concludes the session.
Effect of Composition and Thickness on the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of (Co/Pd) Multilayers (2017)

Magnetic materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have wide-ranging applications in magnetic recording and sensing devices. Multilayers comprised of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metals (FM-NM) are interesting materials, as their magnetic anisotropy depends strongly on composition and growth parameters. In this context, (Co/Pd) multilayers have gained huge interest recently due to their robustness and tunable PMA. Here, we report a systematic study of the effect of composition on the magnetic anisotropy of (Co/Pd) multilayers grown by Direct Current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Four different series of (Co/Pd)<sub>×10</sub> multilayers with different thicknesses of Co and Pd were examined. Vibrating sample magnetometery was used to determine the magnetic anisotropy of these films. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy experiments were performed to understand the structural morphology of the films. Our results showed that (Co/Pd)<sub>×10</sub> multilayers exhibit PMA when the Co to Pd ratio is less than or equal to 1 and the thickness of Co layers is not more than 5 Å. Maximum effective anisotropy energy is shown by the films with a Co to Pd ratio of 1/3.
A generalized technique for the encapsulation of nano‐sized NiO particles by styrene‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer (2015)

Encapsulation of nickel oxide (NiO) particles is of great interest to the researchers as such modification produces remarkable improvement in properties and versatility in application potential. In this investigation, nanosized NiO particles were first prepared by calcination of nickel hydroxide precursor obtained using a simple liquid‐phase process. The produced NiO particles were stabilized with oleic acid and then treated with tetraethylorthosilicate to produce NiO/SiO 2 composite seed particles. Finally tri‐layered inorganic/organic composite particles were prepared by seeded copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of NiO/SiO 2 composite seed particles. The produced composite particles named as NiO/SiO 2 /P(S‐HEMA) were colloidally stable, and the obtained particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
On the Role of Metal Contaminants in Catalyses with FeCl3 (2009)

Warning: Catalyzed N-, O-, and C-arylation reactions ascribed to FeCl3 can instead result from catalysis by trace quantities of copper salts.
Adaptive resilience for computer networks: Using online fuzzy learning (2012)

Challenges on the Internet infrastructure such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are becoming more and more elaborate. DDoS attacks have emerged as a growing threat not only to businesses and organizations but also to national security and public safety. DDoS attacks have become more dynamic and intelligent than before, prompting equally advanced responses for dealing with these attacks. In this paper, we aim to apply a modified version of our “D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> +DR” Resilience Strategy to help solve this problem. We adopt a fuzzy rule based learning technique with self-evolving capability. Two scenarios are proposed for our case studies. The first is focusing on the traffic classification problem, while the latter aims to capitalise on policy to control the activities within the resilience framework. The two scenarios are investigated using a resilience simulator framework that provides a near-realistic large scale attack scenario on a network operator network topology. The novelty of our proposal lies in the combination of policy-based management and the application of an advanced online, self-evolving learning technique that has been proved to work in uncertain environments or in environments where obtaining detailed knowledge from the surrounding is almost impossible. It also requires fewer computational and human resources, which is key to contributing towards a more practical, resource efficient and autonomous resilience framework.
Kinetics of the tingible body macrophage response in mouse germinal center development and its depression with age (1991)

Although tingible body macrophages (TBM) have been recognized in germinal centers for over 100 years, their role in the germinal center response is not clear. In this study, the kinetics of the TBM response was quantitatively assessed and correlated with the kinetics of germinal center development in young mice. The TBM response in old mice (which have an age-related depression of germinal center development; Szakal et al., 1990) was analyzed for comparison. Young and old immune mice were challenged with human serum albumin and 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days later the popliteal and axillary lymph nodes were evaluated. Germinal centers were localized histochemically in alternate serial sections using horseradish peroxidase conjugated peanut agglutinin. TBM numbers were determined per germinal center on adjacent sections by the presence of tingible bodies or histochemically by using the monoclonal antibody Mac-2. Analysis of lymph nodes from young mice showed that TBM numbers decreased with the dissociation of preexisting germinal centers. TBM reappeared 5 days after challenge and the TBM kinetics paralleled the increase in size of de novo germinal centers. In fact, a constant ratio of one TBM to every 350-450 B cells was maintained from day 5 to day 10. In old lymph nodes, TBM were generally absent throughout germinal center development. The lack of TBM prior to germinal center development and their absence in aged mice are inconsistent with the concept that TBM are required for the induction of the germinal center reaction. However, the data are consistent with a role for TBM in regulating the magnitude of the germinal center reaction.
Numerical modeling of color perception of optical radiation (2018)

The concept of color is closely related to how a person perceives light. It can be said that the perception of light is formed by the human brain as a result of the analysis of the light flux falling on the retina of the eye. Color is the result of the interaction of the light flux and the observer (or recording device). The basis of the mathematical description of color is the experimentally established fact that any color can be represented as a mixture of certain quantities of three or more linearly independent colors. The paper gives a description of four color spaces used in the analysis and design of light reflecting, light-transmitting and light-emitting devices. Such devices include liquid crystal displays (LCD), solar panels, reflective and sunproof glasses, as well as polarized glasses. Numerical calculations (carried out using the MorphoVision software package, developed by the authors of the paper) are presented for the color coordinates of thin-film multilayer structures consisting of several layers of isotropic and anisotropic materials of different thicknesses.
Additional file 5: Table S5. of Small RNA profiles in soybean primary root tips under water deficit (2016)

The novel miRNAs identified in soybean. (XLSX 14 kb)
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Nitriles into Aldehydes Using a TMDS/V(O)(OiPr)3 Reducing System. (2014)

ChemInformVolume 45, Issue 20 Isocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Nitriles into Aldehydes Using a TMDS/V(O)(OiPr)3 Reducing System. Stephane Laval, Stephane Laval Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorWissam Dayoub, Wissam Dayoub Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorLeyla Pehlivan, Leyla Pehlivan Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorEstelle Metay, Estelle Metay Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorDominique Delbrayelle, Dominique Delbrayelle Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorGerard Mignani, Gerard Mignani Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorMarc Lemaire, Marc Lemaire Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this author Stephane Laval, Stephane Laval Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorWissam Dayoub, Wissam Dayoub Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorLeyla Pehlivan, Leyla Pehlivan Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorEstelle Metay, Estelle Metay Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorDominique Delbrayelle, Dominique Delbrayelle Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorGerard Mignani, Gerard Mignani Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorMarc Lemaire, Marc Lemaire Lab. Catal. Synth. Org., CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Fr.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 April 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201420065Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue20May 20, 2014 RelatedInformation
Dynamic spectrum access policies for cognitive radio (2008)

We study the problem of dynamic spectrum sensing and access in cognitive radio systems as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP). A group of cognitive users cooperatively tries to exploit vacancies in some primary (licensed) channels whose occupancies have a Markovian evolution. We first consider the scenario where the cognitive users are aware of the distribution of the signals they receive from the primary users and we obtain a greedy channel selection and access policy that maximizes the instantaneous reward, while satisfying a constraint on the probability of interfering with licensed transmissions. We also derive an analytical universal upper bound on the performance of the optimal policy. We then consider the more practical scenario where the distribution of the signal from the primary is characterized by an unknown random parameter. We develop an algorithm that can learn this random parameter, still guaranteeing the constraint on the interference probability. We also demonstrate the performance gains of all our schemes through simulations.
Imaging Multiple Colloidal Particles by Fitting Digital Holograms to Electromagnetic Scattering Solutions (2012)

Digital holographic microscopy is a fast three-dimensional (3D) imaging tool with many applications in soft matter physics. Recent studies have shown that digital holograms can be t to electromagnetic scattering solutions to obtain the 3D positions of isolated colloidal spheres with nanometer precision and millisecond temporal resolution. Here we describe the results of new techniques that extend the range of systems that can be imaged through tting. We show that an exact multisphere superposition scattering solution can be used to t holograms of colloidal clusters containing up to six spheres. We also introduce an approximate and computationally simpler solution, Mie superposition, that is valid for multiple spheres spaced several wavelengths or more from one another. We show that this method can be used to t holograms of several spheres on an emulsion droplet, and we give a quantitative criterion for assessing its validity.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SWIRLING FLOW IN A CYCLONE CHAMBER (1984)

The ability to predict the influence of design parameters on the aerodynamics of cyclone chambers flows is of prime concern in furnace engineering and a number of high temperature processes. The two-dimensional Los Alamos SOLA prediction technique has been extended to include the computation of an axisymmetric swirling flow. The transient Navier-Stokes equations of an incompressible fluid are solved via their associated finite difference equations, directly in terms of the primitive pressure-velocity variables. For this, a short simple computer code has been developed, using a laminar flow simulation with ‘free slip’ wall boundary conditions. Predictions show that a useful characterization of the flowfield is now available. The simplified code represents a basic tool, to which user-oriented complexities and sophistications can be added later as required
Sequence selective binding of ditrisarubicin B to DNA: comparison with daunomycin (1989)

DNase I footprinting has been used to examine the sequence selective binding of ditrisarubicin B, a novel anthracycline antibiotic, to DNA. At 37 degrees C no footprinting pattern is observed, the drug protects all sites from enzymic cleavage with equal efficiency. At 4 degrees C a footprinting pattern is induced with low drug concentrations which is different from that produced by daunomycin. The best binding sites contain the dinucleotide step GpT (ApC) and are located in regions of alternating purines and pyrimidines.
Transformations of Reference Frames and Model Development for Multi-Phase Machines (2021)

This paper presents a general set of transformations of stationary and rotating reference frames for all types of symmetrical multi-phase machines, as well as a generic approach for developing detailed electrical models of such machines. The electrical multi-phase model of an example 50 kW interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is developed. The transformations and model development procedures are illustrated in context of this example machine. The transformations are also used to reduce the computational complexity of obtaining model parameters via finite element (FEM) analysis. The results for the example machine are presented and the implications for model validity and associated challenges are discussed.
Solution Processable High Performance Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Si Heterojunctions (2020)

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT)–silicon (Si) heterojunctions show exceptional electrical behavior and hence are promising for electronic and optoelectronic applications. In particular, single wall CNTs (SWCNTs)–Si heterojunctions have been widely studied for these applications. Since multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) have higher electrical conductivity than SWCNTs, engineering the properties of MWCNTs so as to tailor their electrical properties suitable for heterojunctions can boost the performance of CNT‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here the development of MWCNT‐Si heterostructures is reported, following surface functionalization and silanization to tailor their structure and properties, at room temperature via solution processing. The developed Al/n‐Si/MWCNT/Al heterojunction devices show a low turn‐on voltage (≈1–3 V) and high current (≈0.8 mA at 10 V) exceeding the previous high temperature processed CNT‐based heterojunctions as well as room temperature grown additional amorphous carbon–Si heterojunctions. The carrier transport mechanism within a carrier‐selective contact, multijunction, multiresistance framework, with device current–voltage behavior dictated by transport across the heterojunction and quantum tunneling is discussed. This work opens new direction to design improved devices for future development of large area solution processable CNT based electronics.
Supplementary Tables S1-S8 from A Small Hypoxia Signature Predicted pCR Response to Bevacizumab in the Neoadjuvant GeparQuinto Breast Cancer Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tab.S1: Specific analysis roles and blinding status of contributing teams. Tab.S2: Pre-defined analytical aims of the study. Tab.S3: Comparison of clinical parameters of the complete trial cohort and the RNA-Seq cohorts. Tab.S4: Gene lists of signatures. Tab.S5: Core genes of the hypoxia signature cluster from different datasets with correlated expression. Tab.S6: Accuracy of IHC detection of NDRG1 as marker of the hypoxia signature. Tab.S7: Comparison of hormone receptor status from RNA-Seq and IHC. Tab.S8: Comparison of Molecular Subtyping between High Quality and Low Quality Samples. Tab.S9: Univariate logistic regression of pCR by molecular markers (N=221 High Quality samples). Tab.S10: Multivariate logistic regression of pCR with NDRG1 from TMA analysis.&lt;/p&gt;