gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1640: Notch pathway mediates post-treatment repopulation of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells (2011)

Abstract Conventional adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, usually take intermittent schedule, allowing the recovery of the normal tissues. However, during the recovery period, tumors may resume growth to replenish the lost cells. This phenomenon, known as repopulation, is an important mechanism to mediate post-treatment recurrence. In this study, we examined murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) with a panel of subtype markers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and characterized it as a murine lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one of the major NSCLC subtypes. To recapitulate post-treatment repopulation, LLC cells were treated with the first-line NSCLC chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, at IC50 dose for 24 hours, and allowed to recover in normal culture medium. Expression of genes involved in Notch pathway and markers of airway epithelial stem cell (basal cell) in LLC cells are upregulated during the recovery phase instead of treated period. Notch pathway inhibitor, DAPT, has no significant effect on growth of LLC cells as single agent or in combination with paclitaxel. However, sequential treatment of paclitaxel for 24 hours followed by DAPT for another 24 hours delays growth of LLC cells during recovery phase, suggesting that Notch pathway mediates the post-treatment repopulation. Moreover, using different labeling markers to track cell growth, we found paclitaxel-treated LLC cells in recovery phase can stimulate the growth of healthy LLC cells in co-culture, while conditioned medium from the culture of treated cells had no significant effect. These results implied that direct contact between damaged and healthy cells is required for repopulation, thus cell-surface Notch ligand such as Jagged-1 may be involved in this mechanism. Here we suggested that treatment of Notch pathway inhibitor following chemotherapy may prevent post-treatment recurrence of lung SCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1640. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1640
Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the course and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (2022)

It has now been established that psychosocial risk factors significantly worsen the course of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and reduce patients’ adherence to treatment. Patients with CVDs are characterized by a high prevalence of anxiety comorbidities, which can reach 50-60%. The presence of concomitant anxiety disorders seriously worsens the prognosis of CVDs. The results of studies showed that anxiety increases the risk of fatal myocardial infarction and sudden death by 1,9 times and 4,5 times, respectively. Therefore, the correction of psychosocial factors, in particular anxiety symptoms, should be an important component of the treatment of patients with CVDs. The conducted studies show that the use of fabomotizole in patients with CVD and concomitant anxiety disorders reduces the anxiety manifestations. In addition, a pronounced improvement of somatic status is recorded, which is important for improving the course and prognosis of CVDs. The accumulated experience of fabomotizole use makes it possible to recommend it for the treatment of patients with anxiety and CVDs.
Neutrophils form elongated shear‐derived particles (SDP) via shedding tethers and slings (2018)

Neutrophils are innate immune cells greatly contributing to the host defense against bacterial and fungal infection and to various sterile inflammatory conditions. To reach their site of action, circulating neutrophils initially roll, then arrest on the activated vessel wall and then migrate out from the vessel lumen. During rolling at high shear stress, neutrophil microvilli anchored to the endothelium by selectin bonds are pulled out behind the cell into several micron long, thin membrane tubes called tethers. As the anchoring bonds break, the tethers turn into slings and may land in front of the rolling cell and provide adhesive substrate for rolling. Here, we show that both tethers and slings can detach and form elongated neutrophil derived particles, which we call shear‐derived particles (SDP). Cremaster intravital microscopy experiments of Ly6G‐AF647 injected male mice showed the presence of SDPs with or without intrascrotal pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), suggesting that in mice the cremaster preparation induced trauma is sufficient to induce SDP formation. In 27 vessels of 8 TNF‐pretreated mice, 234 SDPs were observed with median length of 6.5 μm (range 1.9–112 μm). SDPs appeared when rolling neutrophils left tethers behind, but some were also generated from detached slings. While most SDP appeared arrested, 18% “sneaked” along the vessel wall with the blood flow at a median velocity of 1.13 μm/s (range 0.23–4.95 μm/s), which was significantly lower than the neutrophil rolling velocity of 3.47 μm/s (range 0.7–9.76 μm/s). Free‐floating SDPs were visible in the blood harvested from these mice. SDP production by tether and sling detachment was reproduced in flow chamber experiments using CD16‐AF647 labeled human neutrophils. 11.5 (range 0–42) SDPs per 0.1 μl were found in plasma of 20 healthy donors by a CD16 staining and a standardized confocal microscopy scanning protocol. In 24 septic donors, significantly more (median count 70.5, range 0–140) SDPs were found, which were also longer (median length 5.4 μm vs. 4 μm, range 1.7–23 μm and 1.7–12.8 μm). Image stream (Amnis) analysis confirmed the increase of SDP count in septic plasma and showed that the ratio between CD16+ SDPs and CD16+ vesicles is on the order of 1:1000. We speculate that some SDPs may fragment into spherical vesicles. All significances: p&lt;0.0001 with Student's T‐test. We conclude that rolling or arrested neutrophils lose their tethers and slings. These form a new class of elongated microparticles in the blood, which are elevated in sepsis. Further work is required to better characterize the conditions when SDP form and to characterize the composition and function of these structures. Support or Funding Information K.Ley: NIH grant HL 78784, A.Marki: AHA postdoctoral fellowship 17POST33410940 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Effect of long‐term stabilization of cationic liposomes as defibrotide delivery system for antithrombotic activity (2002)

Abstract The general goal of this study was to produce cationic liposome formulations suitable for the in vivo administration of defibrotide (DFT) (a DNA‐based drug) and to investigate in vitro and in vivo the stability of such a formulation. This article describes the freeze‐drying of cationic liposomes using as cryoprotectants different carbohydrates, such as sorbitol, mannitol, and sucrose. Liposome characteristics before and after freeze‐drying, such as size, morphology, and ability in complexing a DNA‐based drug, have been investigated. The in vitro studies indicate that cationic liposomes sufficiently maintain the initial characteristics after lyophilization and rehydration including the ability to complex DFT. The in vivo data show that lyophilized cationic liposome formulations can be safely stored for at least 3 months. Before in vivo use, liposomes can be rehydrated with DFT solutions, resulting in the formation of stable complexes retaining an in vivo activity comparable to that of the freshly prepared formulation. Drug Dev. Res. 55:127–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complement regulatory protein Crry/p65-mediated signaling in T lymphocytes: role of its cytoplasmic domain and partitioning into lipid rafts (2005)

Crry/p65 is a type I glycoprotein, which protects mouse T cells from complement attack. We have previously shown that complement receptor I-related protein Crry/p65 (Crry) ligation has a costimulatory effect on mouse CD4+ T cell activation. Here, we have examined the mechanisms responsible for Crry costimulation, addressing the question of whether Crry potentiates signal transduction starting at the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex or promotes distinct costimulatory signals. We show that Crry increases early TCR-dependent activation signals, including p56lck-, zeta-associated protein-70 (ZAP-70), Vav-1, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but also costimulation-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). It is intriguing that Crry costimulus enhanced p38 MAPK activation in T helper cell type 1 (Th1) but not in Th2 cells. A fraction of Crry is found consistently in the detergent-insoluble membrane fraction of Th1 or Th2 cells or CD4+ lymphoblasts. Crry costimulation induced clustering of lipid rafts, increasing their content in Crry, CD3epsilon, and p59-60 forms of p56lck, and caused actin polymerization close to the site of activation in Th2 cells. Such events were inhibited by wortmannin, suggesting a role for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in these effects. The Crry cytoplasmic domain was required for JNK activation and interleukin-4 secretion but not for the presence of Crry in rafts or activation of p56lck, ZAP-70, Akt, Vav-1, or ERK. This suggests that Crry costimulation involves two different but not mutually exclusive signal transduction modules. The dual function of Crry as a complement regulatory protein and as a T cell costimulator illustrates the importance of complement regulatory proteins as links between innate and adaptive immunity.
Comparison of MCFC Cathode Materials by Porous Electrode Performance Modeling (1993)

The polarization characteristics of porous , , and structures when used as molten carbonate fuel cell cathodes are compared. A film agglomerate model, which accounts for kinetic activation, mass transfer, and both electronic and ionic ohmic resistance, is developed and applied to polarization data obtained for various cathode structures tested in 3 cm2 lab cells. The model is used to evaluate the intrinsic catalytic properties of the materials and accounts for the influence of porous microstructure and electrolyte filling.
Transition Metal Oxides (1989)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Strain Localization in Nano-Crystalline Iron Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Logistical challenges and design considerations for studies using acute anterior cruciate ligament injury as a potential model for early posttraumatic osteoarthritis (2016)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a high percentage of patients. Research has been ineffective in identifying successful treatment options for people suffering from symptomatic PTOA resulting in a shift of focus toward the young, ACL injured patients at risk of developing PTOA. Randomized clinical trials examining the very early phase after ACL injury are ideal to study this population; however, these trials face significant challenges regarding recruitment as well as reproducibility of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and inflammatory and/or chondrodegenerative biomarkers associated with early PTOA. The aim of this work was to develop an approach to allow for early recruitment into an RCT for early treatment following ACL injury and to analyze the variability of commonly used measures and biomarkers at various time points after injury. This paper reports the study design and data related to the first month of treatment for the placebo group of an ongoing 2-year clinical trial to evaluate the effect of an early intra-articular intervention after ACL injury. The results of this study suggest that acute ACL injury results in early changes of both inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers. These results also provide vital information for researchers to consider when developing future protocols, both related to the logistics of early patient enrollment as well as the appropriate timing of biomarker and patient-reported outcome collection. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:641-650, 2017.
Generation strategies for gaming transmission constraints. Will the deregulated electric power market be an oligopoly? (2002)

Constrained transmission lines are known to be able to economically isolate submarkets from the competition of players located elsewhere on the network. The paper examines the type of oligopolistic competition that is likely to take place in these submarkets. It shows, using simple models, how static or intertemporal Nash equilibria can arise in a framework of price or supply function competitions, found to be more realistic than Cournot models in the particular case of short term competition in the electric power market. The paper shows also how transmission constraints can play a direct role in the outcome of the oligopolistic competition and encourage strategic behavior by the generators. Transmission lines that would not be constrained if the players did not know of their thermal limits, may be strategically driven to operate at these limits in order to maximize the profits of the players who have market power, leaving the others to cope with the consequences of such behavior.
A new frequency compounding technique for super harmonic imaging (2008)

Second harmonic imaging is currently the de-facto standard in commercial echographic systems for diagnosis because of its improved resolution and contrast to tissue ratio. An emerging technique called super harmonic imaging is based on a combination of multiple frequency components generated during the propagation of sound in tissue. This combination of third to fifth harmonic has the potential to further enhance resolution and image quality of echographic pictures. In order to fulfill the bandwidth requirements of super harmonic imaging, a special interleaved phased array transducer has been developed. Currently, the achievable bandwidth for phased array elements used in transmission is close to 80%, which involves that generated harmonics will be separated by gaps in the frequency domain. That will introduce specific artifacts visible as ripples in the echo image. We propose a two-pulse technique that reduces the ripple artifacts and recovers the axial resolution. Method. This technique consists in firing two lines with a 15% frequency shift for the second firing. Summing the echoes of those two lines will result in filling the gaps in the frequency band of the distorted signal. The optimal choice for the frequency of the second pulse can be derived analytically. Standard detection methods applied to this two-pulse technique will strongly minimize artifacts encountered with envelope detection on super harmonic signals. Results. Theoretical calculations show an improvement in axial resolution by a factor of 2.7 at the -15 dB level compared to second harmonic imaging. For a fair comparison, the super harmonic signal will be compared with the lowest frequency component of its spectrum, which is the third harmonic. A shortening of the pulse is visible in the enclosed figure where axial point spread function simulations of third harmonic and super harmonic pulses are compared. Experimentally, this method shortens the pulse by a factor 2.3 at the -15 dB level compared to second harmonic, and 1.9 compared to third harmonic. Conclusion. Super harmonic imaging quality can be further improved by frequency compounding techniques such as the two-pulse method described here.
Thion‐ und Dithioester, 47. α,β‐ungesättigte Thion‐ und Dithioester durch Kondensationsreaktionen (1989)

Abstract Die Kondensation der (Dimethoxyphosphinyl)thionacetate 4 (X = O) und ‐dithioacetate 4 (X = S) mit Aldehyden unter Katalyse von wäßrigem Kaliumcarbonat liefert in einer Horner‐Wittig‐Reaktion die α,β‐ungesättigten Thionester 5a–o und Dithioester 6a, b sowie ihre Diels‐Alder‐Dimeren 7c–e . Mit Aldehyden und dem (Trimethylsilyl)thionacetat 13 sowie dem ‐dithioacetat 18 werden in einer Peterson‐Synthese die Thionester 5c, g, j–m, p–r sowie die Dithioester 6b, f–h erhalten. O,O‐Acetale von Aldehyden und Ketonen reagieren mit dem (Trimethylsilyl)ketendithioacetal 19 unter Tritylperchlorat‐Katalyse in einer Aldoladdition zu den β‐Alkoxy‐dithioestern 22 , die sich durch Eliminierung von Alkohol in die α,β‐ungesättigten Dithioester 23 überführen lassen.
S-adenosylhomocysteinase: mechanism of inactivation by 2'-deoxyadenosine and interaction with other nucleosides (1982)

S-Adenosylhomocysteinase (SAHase), a tetrameric enzyme, is inactivated by 2'-deoxyadenosine (2'dAdo) in a time-dependent process [Hirshfield, M. S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 22-25]. It has been proposed that inactivation involves oxidation of 2'dAdo at C-3' by enzyme-bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), subsequent proton abstraction at C-2', and elimination of adenine. This results in irreversible formation of enzyme-bound NADH and of adenine (Ade) and inactivation [Abeles, R. H., TAshjian, A. H., Jr., & Fish, S (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 612-617]. It has now been established that upon inactivation of SAHase with deoxy[2'(R)-3H]adenosine, 3H2O is formed. This is consistent with the proposed mechanism and of 3H2O release shows that maximally two of the four subunits participate in the reaction that results in 3H2O release. Reaction of SAHase with 2'dAdo results in reduction of two of the enzyme-bound NAD molecules. However, all four NAD molecules can be reduced by NaBH4, but only two are reduced to C-4 NADH. When the enzyme is inactivated with adenine-labeled 2'dAdo, radioactivity corresponding to 0.5-1.0 mumol of 2'dAdo binds tightly per micromole of subunit. This radioactive material is not removed from the enzyme by extensive dialysis but can be displaced by unlabeled 2'dAdo or Ade. After denaturation of the complex, radioactive material is released. Of this material 80-90% is adenine and less than 1% 2'dAdo. 2'dAdo also binds tightly to the enzyme reduced with NaBH4. Upon denaturation mostly adenine (80-90%) is released. Reaction of [2'-3H]2'dAdo with enzyme reduced with NaBH4 does not result in 3H2O formation. We conclude that the enzyme catalyzes the release of adenine from 2'dAdo by two mechanisms: One involves formation of 3'keto-2'dAdo and subsequent elimination of adenine. The other does not involve oxidation of 2'dAdo and probably is a hydrolytic process. It is proposed that the ability of the enzyme to carry out the hydrolytic process is a direct consequence of the manner in which 2'dAdo as well as the normal substrate binds to the enzyme, i.e., hydrogen-bond interaction of the protein with the adenine moiety and distortion of the ribose ring. When adenine-labeled adenosine is added to the enzyme, radioactivity corresponding to 0.5 mumol/mumol of subunit is associated with the protein after gel filtration. Of the radioactive material bound to the protein, 20% is adenine, 15% is adenosine, and the remaining radioactivity is present in unidentified compounds. The adenine bound to the enzyme does not participate in the catalytic process, and we conclude that it is bound to two of the subunits that do not participate in catalysis. Possible, these two subunits have a regulatory function. SAHase probably consists of two nonequivalent pairs of subunits. Only one pair participates in catalysis, but all four subunits probably bind Ado and 2'dAdo. We have confirmed the fact that the carbocyclic analogue of adenosine inactivates SAHase [Guranowski, A., Montgomery, J. A., 110-115]...
The Application of Bond Parachors to Organosilicon Chemistry (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Application of Bond Parachors to Organosilicon ChemistryAlfred P. Mills and Charles A. MacKenzieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2672–2673Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sound field reproduction with an array of loudspeakers (2011)

The theory and the experimental realization are presented of a system for the reconstruction of a desired sound field within an array of loudspeakers. The array is modelled mathematically by means of an integral operator (single layer potential) and the loudspeaker input signals are obtained from the solution of an inverse system, more specifically an integral equation of the first kind. The solution of the problem is computed by means of the singular value decomposition of the integral operator, for which a physical interpretation is proposed, consistent with the engineering application in question. An analytical solution is calculated for the case of a spherical array. Finally, the experimental realization is described of a spherical array of 40 loudspeakers which was used for the reproduction of a target sound field generated by an omnidirectional source arranged in the exterior of the array. The target sound field and the reproduced field were measured with a microphone array and the results are compared for two operating frequencies. The paper aims at providing a contribution towards the development of a novel multi-channel signal processing strategy, which can be implemented in commercial 3D audio reproduction systems.
anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes Catalyzed by a Two‐Component Organic Photoredox System: Direct Access to Phenethylamine Derivatives (2014)

Disclosed herein is a general catalytic system for the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes. By using an organocatalytic photoredox system, α- and β-substituted styrenes as well as aliphatic alkenes undergo anti-Markovnikov hydroamination. Heterocyclic amines were also successfully employed as nitrogen nucleophiles, thus providing a direct route to heterocyclic motifs common in medicinal agents.