gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on the convergence of observer-based kinetics estimators in stirred tank bioreactors (1996)

This paper is devoted to the tuning problem of an observer-based algorithm for the on-line estimation of reaction rates in stirred tank bioreactors. The relation between the dynamics of convergence and the tuning procedure is explored. The method proposed imposes a variable second-order dynamics on the convergence of the estimator. This approach is shown to compare favourably with a pole placement based technique, in an application to a baker's yeast fed-batch fermentation.
Conversion of isotropic fluorescence into a long-range non-diverging beam (2017)

Fluorescent samples typically emit isotropically in all directions. Large lenses and other optical components are needed to capture a significant fraction of the emission, and complex confocal microscopes are required for high resolution focal-plane imaging. It is known that Bessel beams have remarkable properties of being able to travel over long distances, over 1000 times the wavelength, without diverging, and hence are called non-diffracting beams. In previous reports the Bessel beams were formed by an incident light source, typically with plane-wave illumination on a circular aperture. It was not known if Bessel beams could form from fluorescent light sources. We demonstrate transformation of the emission from fluorescent polystyrene spheres (FPS) into non-diverging beams which propagate up to 130 mm (13 cm) along the optical axis with a constant diameter. This is accomplished using a planar metal film, with no nanoscale features in the X-Y plane, using surface plasmon-coupled emission. Using samples which contain many FPS in the field-of-view, we demonstrate that an independent Bessel beam can be generated from any location on the metal film. The extremely long non-diffracted propagation distances, and self-healing properties of Bessel beams, offer new opportunities in fluorescence sensing and imaging.
Roles of Carbonic Anhydrases and Carbonic Anhydrase Related Proteins in Zebrafish (2022)

During recent decades, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) have become one of the most important model organisms in which to study different physiological and biological phenomena. The research field of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) is not an exception to this. The best-known function of CAs is the regulation of acid-base balance. However, studies performed with zebrafish, among others, have revealed important roles for these proteins in many other physiological processes, some of which had not yet been predicted in the light of previous studies and suggestions. Examples include roles in zebrafish pigmentation as well as motor coordination. Disruption of the function of these proteins may generate lethal outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CA-related studies performed in zebrafish from 1993-2021 that was obtained from PubMed search.
Integration Challenges for Copper Damascene Electroplating: An Invited Talk (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Model Predictive Control of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode and periodic purging (2016)

This paper proposes a model predictive control structure to attain performance requirements and to meet with actuator constraints. The goal is to maintain the differential pressure between the anode and cathode sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), at the inlet side of the stack, known as fuel overpressure, in a desired region. The effects of dynamic purging, nitrogen crossover, and load are included as disturbances. A proportional control valve is used as an actuator. Applying the pneumatic modeling technique, the behavior of a Ballard 3kW test station in a dead-end anode configuration is replicated and experimentally validated. To achieve a linear model, a nonlinear transformation is used to decompose the valve dynamic behavior. To evaluate the controller performance, numerical simulation is conducted using data from the experimental model. The results show the ability of the controller to compensate for all disturbances.
Modulation transfer function for infrared reflectarrays (2011)

The quality of the image produced by optical reflectarrays as a function of the F/#, polarization, and wavelength is analyzed in this paper. The results are expressed as monochromatic and polychromatic modulation transfer functions. They show that large aperture multilevel reflectarrays perform quite close to the diffraction-limited case. The chromatic aberrations make these elements highly wavelength-selective.
La qualité des cartographies perfusionnelles d'ASL pulsé à 3T est-elle corrélée au débit artériel? (2010)

Rechercher une corrélation entre le délai optimal entre marquage artériel et acquisition des images (TI) d'une séquence d'ASL Pulsé à 3T et les paramètres hémodynamiques carotidiens.
NOSH-Aspirin: A Novel Nitric Oxide–Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Hybrid: A New Class of Anti-inflammatory Pharmaceuticals (2012)

A series of new hybrids of aspirin (ASA), bearing both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-releasing moieties were synthesized and designated as NOSH compounds (1-4). NOSH-1 (4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl) phenyl 2-((4-(nitrooxy)-butanoyl)oxy) benzoate); NOSH-2 (4-(nitrooxy)butyl (2-((4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl)phenoxy)carbonyl)phenyl)); NOSH-3 (4-carbamothioylphenyl 2-((4-(nitrooxy)butanoyl)-oxy)benzoate); and NOSH-4 (4-(nitrooxy)butyl 2-(5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoyloxy)-benzoate). The cell growth inhibitory properties of compounds 1-4 were evaluated in eleven different human cancer cell lines of six different tissue origins. These cell lines are of adenomatous (colon, pancreatic, lung, prostate), epithelial (breast), and lymphocytic (leukemia) origin. All NOSH compounds were extremely effective in inhibiting the growth of these cell lines. NOSH-1 was the most potent, with an IC(50) of 48 ± 3 nM in HT-29 colon cancer cells. This is the first NSAID-based compound with such potency. This compound was also devoid of any cellular toxicity, as determined by LDH release. NOSH-1 was comparable to aspirin in its anti-inflammatory properties, using the carrageenan rat paw edema model.
A Generic Audio Classification and Segmentation Approach for Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval. (2004)

Abstract — We focus the attention on the area of generic and automatic audio classification and segmentation for audio-based multimedia indexing and retrieval applications. In particular, we present a fuzzy approach towards hierarchic audio classification and global segmentation framework based on automatic audio analysis providing robust, bi-modal, efficient and parameter invariant classification over global audio segments. The input audio is split into segments, which are classified as speech, music, fuzzy or silent. The proposed method minimizes critical errors of misclassification by fuzzy region modeling, thus increasing the efficiency of both pure and fuzzy classification. The experimental results show that the critical errors are minimized and the proposed framework significantly increases the efficiency and the accuracy of audio-based retrieval especially in large multimedia databases. Index Terms — automatic audio classification and segmentation, perceptual rule-based approach, fuzzy modeling, multimedia indexing and retrieval. I.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Recent Developments on the Grand Old Lady of Zeolite Catalysis (2015)

Abstract Review: 183 refs.
Divide and Die: Cell Cycle Events as Triggers of Nerve Cell Death (2004)

For over a decade, evidence has mounted that nerve cell death in the CNS is often intimately linked to a process of cell division. Mitotic markers appear in neurons at risk for death in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, in mouse and in humans. Beyond correlation, studies have shown that
AN ASSESSMENT OF POLYETHYLENE BACKSIDE WEAR IN A MODULAR TIBIAL TOTAL KNEE SYSTEM (2005)

Introduction and Aims: Due to relative motion that can occur between the polyethylene articular surface and tibial tray, backside wear of modular tibial components can be a significant contributor to wear in TKR. This study examines the backside wear performance of a tibial component system from both a laboratory and clinical perspective. Method: Polyethylene components, CR and PS, from the NexGen knee system (Zimmer Inc.) were evaluated for backside wear. These components were identified on the back surface by the manufacturer with engraved lettering of a depth ranging from 20 to 30 micrometers. Twenty-seven components retrieved after 24 to 80 months in-situ were evaluated along with six components having undergone three million cycles of laboratory knee function simulation. Backside wear was quantified by engraving mark depth and screw hole recess penetration measurements utilising a New View 5000 scanning white light interferometer (Zygo). The severity of third-body abrasion was also recorded. Results: This particular knee system utilised a peripheral rail and dovetail polyethylene locking mechanism which demonstrated little relative polyethylene to tibial tray motion during joint function simulation. Simulator testing produced backside wear of 6.4 micrometers/million cycles or 4.5 mm3/million cycles. This backside wear represented 30% of total component wear as measured gravimetrically. Backside wear in the clinically retrieved components was sufficient to completely remove the manufacturer’s engraving marks on only three of 27 components. The remaining 24 components all experienced backside wear insufficient to remove all engraving. The severity of third-body abrasion (typically bone cement) was generally associated with greater backside wear. Two of the three clinically retrieved components with worn-through lettering had evidence of significant third-body wear. In 11 clinically retrieved components (utilised on tibial trays with screw holes), backside wear was measured by comparing engraving mark depth in unworn polyethylene areas over screw recesses with engraving mark depth in areas of polyethylene contact with the tibial tray. These components demonstrated 14 micrometers of wear at an average of 37 months in-situ or 4.4 micrometers per year. None of the retrieved components were clinically associated with osteolysis. Conclusion: In this particular tibial component system, backside wear was moderate for both the joint simulator and clinically retrieved specimens. Backside wear does not appear to be the major contributor of total polyethylene wear in this implant system. The presence of third-body particles contributed to greater wear.
Analysis of plant metabolites – the baseline-threshold principle (2010)

With the environmental risk assessment (ERA) for genetically modified plants (GMP) the identification of equivalence or differences in the composition of ingredients of GMPs and non-GMPs has to be investigated. The strategy is based upon the idea that traditionally cultivated crops have been used safely for many years, thus every divergence within the compounds of a GMP in contrast to its non-GMP counterpart could refer to a risk and has to be further analysed.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The BioOK company offers the opportunity to analyse very different aspects from the ERA of GMPs in one hand. Beside toxicological analysis and the determination of environmental effects via soil analysis, we can look into several plant metabolites to identify substantial equivalence. During the BioOK project a GC MS method for analysing approximately 60 compounds from various substance classes (e.g. sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, sterols) in only one extraction step was developed. According to the EFSA guidelines the chemical composition of six different potato cultivars in comparison with a genetically modified variety and its non-isogenic counterpart are studied. Thus data from different non-GMPs as a base for the identification of uncommon variations in the substance composition for a GMP are obtained.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
A procedural datapath compiler for VLSI full custom applications (2002)

A data path compiler mainly dedicated to VLSI full custom applications is described. It is dedicated both to the VLSI system designer, whose productivity will increase using macro blocks/generators and structured design, and to the VLSI CMOS full custom designer who, if necessary, could also add functions to the original library. The cells of this compiler have many interesting design solutions: the architecture is more efficient with respect to datapaths where leaf cells are very similar to standard cells, and the high number of tracks available covers almost all the designer's needs staying within 'over the cell routing' (this means no need to open an extra channel) and so with a larger density. Full integration with a complete standard CAD (computer-aided design) environment increases the whole design efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic Materials Inspired by Cephalopods (2019)

Cephalopods have captivated the imagination of both the general public and scientists alike, emerging as exciting models for novel materials and systems. In this regard, we have developed cephalopod-inspired materials with unique functionalities.
Design Strategy for 4G Handset Antennas and a Multiband Hybrid Antenna (2014)

A novel design strategy for multi-standard mobile handset antennas is presented and verified with experimental results. The results show that the presented antenna operates with better than -3 dB (50%) efficiency across the frequencies of 698-2900 MHz and 3250-3600 MHz, thus having state-of-the-art performance. The antenna is shown to have a robust performance with a user, and it can fulfill the specific absortion rate (SAR) and hearing aid compatibility (HAC) requirements. In addition, it is demonstrated how the multi-antenna functionality can be included within the antenna structure, simultaneously achieving a small antenna volume of 750 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The diversity gain and isolation are better than 10 dB at the frequency band 2110-3600 MHz. Hence, the proposed antenna is well suited for future LTE-A mobile handsets.
Reliable estimation of brain intravoxel incoherent motion parameters using denoised diffusion‐weighted MRI (2020)

In this study, we evaluate whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) data after denoising can provide a reliable estimation of brain intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion parameters. Brain DW-MRI was performed in five healthy volunteers on a 3 T clinical scanner with 12 different b-values ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup> . DW-MRI data denoised using the proposed method were fitted with a biexponential model to extract perfusion fraction (PF), diffusion coefficient (D) and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*). To further evaluate the accuracy and precision of parameter estimation, IVIM parametric images obtained from one volunteer were used to resimulate the DW-MRI data using the biexponential model with the same b-values. Rician noise was added to generate DW-MRI data with various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. The experimental results showed that the denoised DW-MRI data yielded precise estimates for all IVIM parameters. We also found that IVIM parameters were significantly different between gray matter and white matter (P < 0.05), except for D* (P = 0.6). Our simulation results show that the proposed image denoising method displays good performance in estimating IVIM parameters (both bias and coefficient of variation were <12% for PF, D and D*) in the presence of different levels of simulated Rician noise (SNR<sub>b=0</sub> = 20-40). Simulations and experiments show that brain DW-MRI data after denoising can provide a reliable estimation of IVIM parameters.
A 12-GHz Low-Cost Earth Terminal for Direct TV Reception from Broadcast Satellites (1977)

A low-cost 12-GHz receiver for TV reception from high-power broadcast satellites is described. System designs using 0.6- and 1.2-m parabolic dishes with high-efficiency Cassegrain and prime-focus feed configurations have been studied. The front end consists of an MIC image-enhanced mixer, 1.2-GHz low-noise amplifier, and a Gunn diode LO. The signal is then fed to an indoor unit which has been designed using both surface acoustic wave (SAW) and lumped element 70-MHz bandpass filters and demodulators. Audio and video receiver outputs are fed directly to the baseband circuitry of a standard receiver.
Sweet & Maxwell's family law statutes (2003)

Sweet & Maxwell's Statutes offer accurate and comprehensive coverage of all core and several popular optional subjects on current law courses. Compiled using data from WestlawUK, each text provides the most up-to-date statutory material and the quality and relevance of these selections is further assured by our experienced editors. Each title offers a clear layout, a chronological table of contents, a comprehensive index and para-numbering system and the lack of commentary makes these texts ideal for exam use. New editions are produced in line with the frequency of legal developments and full updates and amendments to legislation can be found on the Sweet & Maxwell's Statutes web site between editions (www sweetandmaxwell.co.uk/academic/statutes) Designed specifically to meet the needs of students, Sweet & Maxwell's Statutes are an essential and affordable purchase for all those following LLB and CPE programmes.
Interfacing Qubits via Cryo-CMOS Front Ends (2018)

This work describes a basic interface between solid-state quantum bits (qubits) and classical environments. We describe a multiplexer, a circulator, and a low noise amplifier, designed for cryogenic temperature operation in a 40 nm CMOS technology node. The circuits take advantage of traditional design styles, such as transmission gates, passive LC filters and switches, and recent developments, such as differential noise cancelling with six-port transformers, while exploiting new cryogenic CMOS (cryo-CMOS) modeling for design and verification purposes.
A Multi-Feature Fusion Network for Pathological Identification of Tumor Cells (2022)

A novel multi-feature fusion neural network (MFNet) is proposed to address the lack of applicability of existing medical aid diagnostic methods for cross-site and cross-tissue cytopathic lesion screening. MFNet consists of a data-sharing layer, a detailed feature transfer branch, a microscopic identification branch, and an auxiliary loss function. The data-sharing layer converts data images into a feature matrix and extracts detailed elements such as cell morphology, contour, and texture. The microscopic recognition branch obtains multilevel elements by convolving the input elements in stages and fusing them, so that the network can focus on high-level semantic elements such as minor differences of cytopathy. The detail feature transfer branch transfers detail elements across layers and achieves cross-layer fusion with semantic elements. The auxiliary loss function enables the network feature classification capability to be enhanced. MFNet is experimentally compared with AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet-50, and other models on the tumor cell datasets, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the recognition accuracy.
Extremely high P1dB MMIC amplifiers for Ka-band applications (2002)

In this paper we describe single stage and two-stage MMIC power amplifier data at Ka-band. An extremely high P1dB power density of 700 mW/mm and 571 mW/mm were measured for the 1-stage and 2-stage GaAs HEMT MMIC amplifiers respectively. When biased for optimal IP3, 4.5 W/mm and 2.1 W/mm were achieved respectively. The performance of the latter 2-stage MMIC PA is achieved in a very compact design of 4.08 mm/sup 2/ total MMIC area. These are believed to be among the best numbers reported for linear power amplifiers at Ka-band.
Efficient ultrabroad terahertz emission from nanometer-thick spintronic heterostructures (2022)

Optically excited THz spintronic emitters have become promising THz sources, permitting a gapless broadband spectrum. We experimentally investigate THz spintronic emission based on the spin Hall effect in ferromagnetic/metal heterostructures with different femtosecond pulse excitations. We demonstrate the combination of high efficiencies (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> ) and ultrabroad emission with a 23 fs high power Ytterbium laser.
A threshold strategy for edge tracking (2002)

In this paper, we address a threshold strategy based on fuzzy sets theory, which can be used to guide an edge tracking execution. First, we briefly introduce the principle of edge tracking technique. A set of edge models is proposed. The cost functions are defined not only according to the change of local gradient magnitude but also to the change of local gradient directions. A set of thresholds is defined in terms of the histogram of edge enhanced images to determine the start and the end of edge tracking. So that, no matter how much the intensity levels of images vary, the algorithm will always gain the best edge extraction. The fuzzy sets concept is used to combine the human linguistic language into the operation of the determination of edge contrast to the background. A more acceptable interface is established according to the human visual perception. The new algorithm has been tested on several real world images and the experimental results are given.
A Stochastic Form of a Human Driver Steering Dynamics Model (2005)

This work develops a stochastic form of a human driver model which can be used for simulating vehicle guidance and control. The human motor-control function is complex and can be affected by factors such as driver’s training and experience, fatigue, road conditions, and attention. The variations in these effects become more pronounced in hazardous driving conditions such as in snow and ice. One example of such driving conditions is snow removal operation in highway maintenance, where the use of a stochastic driver model seems to be more desirable. This work evaluates and extends existing models of a human driver including stochastic or statistical considerations related to differences in drivers’ experiences and their conditions as well as variations in the effect of disturbances such as plowing forces. The aim is to develop a simulation environment that can be used in design and evaluation of driver assistance systems for snow removal operation in an Intelligent Transportation System environment.