gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEKC with bile salt micelles for the enantiomeric separation of bis(8-((pyridine-2-methylene)amino)quinoline)iron(II) hexafluorophosphate: Kinetics and mechanism of the racemization (2000)

Unsymmetrical tridentate ligands can form meridional optical isomers in octahedral complexes. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium taurochenodeoxycholate or glycochenodeoxycholate micelles is used to separate the enantiomers of bis(8-((pyridine-2-methylene)amino)quinoline)iron(II) hexafluorophosphate, Fe(PMAQ)2(PF6)2, and it is used to follow the temperature dependence of the racemization of the isolated enantiomers. The racemization is studied over a 20° temperature range (60–80°C), and at four different pH values (3.0, 4.45, 7.0, 9.0). Energies and entropies of activation are reported. There is no significant change in the energy of activation as a function of pH. Simple capillary electrophoretic instrumentation with manual, electrokinetic injection, and ambient run temperature conditions provides reliable kinetic data. Half-lives range from 28 to 640 min. A mechanism involving a trigonal prism transition state is proposed for this racemization process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 391–397, 2000
The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes (2005)

The currently used vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus was derived by serial passage of the highly virulent Kabete 'O' strain (KO). A full-length cDNA copy of the KO strain was made from which a virus identical in pathogenicity to the wild-type virus was rescued. A series of chimeric viruses was prepared in which the coding sequences for the N, P, F, H or L proteins were replaced with the corresponding sequences from the vaccine strain. The KO-based virus with the vaccine strain H gene and that with the carboxy-terminal half of the L gene replaced with the corresponding sequence from the vaccine strain retained all or almost all of the virulence of the original KO virus. Animals infected with the KO-based virus containing the vaccine strain N, P or F gene, or the amino-terminal half of the L gene, developed high and prolonged pyrexia and leukopenia, but with reduced or absent lesions and other clinical signs; although partially attenuated, none was nearly as attenuated as the vaccine strain itself. These data indicate that the high attenuation and stability of the current vaccine are due to the accumulation of a number of separate mutations, none of which is itself so sufficiently debilitating that there is strong selective pressure in favour of the revertant.
Las estrategias de campaña ‘online’ de los partidos y candidatos políticos (2021)

El activismo digital y la analítica de datos aplicados en las elecciones presidenciales estadounidenses de 2008, 2012 y 2016 han consolidado la “gestión computacional de campañas” como un recurso estratégico que implica un cambio de paradigma en la concepción de la comunicación política electoral. La incorporación de esas mismas herramientas y prácticas de movilización y búsqueda del voto a los comicios nacionales españoles de 2015 y 2016 demuestra que la campaña ‘online’ también adquiere un rol creciente en otras democracias de desarrollo tecnopolítico todavía menor. Los principales cambios del nuevo paradigma son: la microsegmentación y geolocalización de sectores muy particularizados de electores para el posterior envío de mensajes ajustados a cada microperfil, el papel decisivo de los simpatizantes como intermediarios del contacto electoral en una “influencia en dos pasos digital” y la generación por los grupos políticos de un discurso llamativo para las redes sociales con el objetivo de esquivar su dependencia ante los hegemónicos medios de comunicación de masas. Entre las transformaciones más profundas que se perciben se identifica el “tecnocabildeo”, o práctica del clientelismo propio de los pequeños grupos, las comunidades primitivas y el siglo XIX, a través de herramientas del siglo XXI.
Plasma Etching of Poly(dimethylsiloxane): Roughness Formation, Mechanism, Control, and Application in the Fabrication of Microfluidic Structures (2012)

Abstract Etching of PDMS in SF 6 plasmas is investigated as planar technology for the fabrication of microfluidic devices with simultaneous control of surface topography and wettability. Plasma conditions were optimized for high etch rate, which was achieved at high plasma powers and bias voltages, where PDMS microstructures exhibited good anisotropy. Depending on the etcher wall and the mask material, topography can be controlled from very rough to almost smooth. Independent control of the topography was achieved by treating the rough surfaces with wet etchants. Open microchannels of controlled surface roughness and wettability were fabricated. Subsequently, such microchannels were irreversibly sealed with a PDMS cover plate, for fabrication of enclosed microchannels. Plasma etching of PDMS is proven to be a reliable and indispensable method for the fabrication of microfluidic devices with desired wall roughness and wettability. magnified image
Investigating the mechanism of acoustically activated uptake of drugs from Pluronic micelles (2002)

We hypothesize that sonoporation plays an important role in the acoustically activated drug delivery of chemotherapy drugs delivered from Pluronic micelles.
Automated analysis of nerve-cell images using active contour models (1996)

The number of nerve fibers (axons) in a nerve, the axon size, and shape can all be important neuroanatomical features in understanding different aspects of nerves in the brain. However, the number of axons in a nerve is typically in the order of tens of thousands and a study of a particular aspect of the nerve often involves many nerves. Potentially meaningful studies are often prohibited by the huge number involved when manual measurements have to be employed. A method that automates the analysis of axons from electron-micrographic images is presented. It begins with a rough identification of all the axon centers by use of an elliptical Hough transform procedure. Boundaries of each axons are then extracted based on active contour model, or snakes, approach where physical properties of the axons and the given image data are used in an optimization scheme to guide the snakes to converge to axon boundaries for accurate sheath measurement. However, false axon detection is still common due to poor image quality and the presence of other irrelevant cell features, thus a conflict resolution scheme is developed to eliminate false axons to further improve the performance of detection. The developed method has been tested on a number of nerve images and its results are presented.
Upgrading well plates using open microfluidic patterning (2017)

Cellular communication between multiple cell types is a ubiquitous process that is responsible for vital physiological responses observed in vivo (e.g., immune response, organ function). Many in vitro coculture strategies have been developed, both in traditional culture and microscale systems, and have shown the potential to recreate some of the physiological behaviors of organs or groups of cells. A fundamental limitation of current systems is the difficulty of reconciling the additional engineering requirements for creating soluble factor signaling systems (e.g., segregated cell culture) with the use of well-characterized materials and platforms that have demonstrated successful results and biocompatibility in assays. We present a new open-microfluidic platform, the Monorail Device, that is placed in any existing well plate or Petri dish and enables patterning of segregated coculture regions, thereby allowing the direct upgrade of monoculture experiments into multiculture assays. Our platform patterns biocompatible hydrogel walls via microfluidic spontaneous capillary flow (SCF) along a rail insert set inside commercially available cultureware, creating customized pipette-accessible cell culture chambers that require fewer cells than standard macroscale culture. Importantly, the device allows the use of native surfaces without additional modification or treatments, while creating permeable dividers for the diffusion of soluble factors. Additionally, the ease of patterning afforded by our platform makes reconfiguration of the culture region as simple as changing the rail insert. We demonstrate the ability of the device to pattern flows on a variety of cell culture surfaces and create hydrogel walls in complex and precise shapes. We characterize the physical parameters that enable a reproducible SCF-driven flow and highlight specialized design features that increase the ease of use of the device and control of the open microfluidic flow. Further, we present the performance of our platform according to useful coculture criteria, including permeability and integrity of our hydrogel walls and surface-sensitive cell culture. Lastly, we show the potential of this type of platform to create modular multikingdom culture systems that can be used to study soluble factor signaling between mammalian cells, bacteria, and fungi, as well as the potential for adaptation of this technology by researchers across multiple fields.
Retrospective Review of Immediate Restoration of Lordosis in Single-Level Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison of Static and Expandable Interbody Cages (2019)

Expandable cages showed favorable results in restoring disc height and maintaining lordosis in the immediate postoperative period. Preoperative SL was the most significant predictor of postoperative SL. Thus, preoperative radiographic parameters and goals of surgery should be important considerations in surgical planning.
Preparation and optimization of soy protein isolate–high methoxy pectin microcapsules loaded with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (2013)

Summary This study was aimed to use soy protein isolate ( SPI ) and high methoxy pectin ( HMP ) as encapsulating materials for probiotic bacterial ( L actobacillus delbrueckii ) delivery systems. The encapsulation conditions were optimised, and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) was used to characterise the microstructural changes of the microcapsule. The results showed that the optimal conditions for microcapsule preparation were 90 mg mL −1 SPI and 1 mg mL −1 HMP , with a SPI / HMP ratio of 7:1 (v/v), and a L . delbrueckii suspension to SPI – HMP complex ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The viability of the probiotics in the microcapsules reaching the small intestine was 3 log CFU mL −1 higher than that of naked bacteria. SEM showed that the surface of the SPI – HMP compound microcapsules was smooth and that a large number of L . delbrueckii could be seen in cross‐sections of the microcapsules.
Newton's Seneca: From Latin Fragments to Elizabethan Drama (1990)

A s H
The Protective and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Sucralfate (1990)

Sucralfate is a nonsystemic agent that is effective in protecting the gastroduodenal mucosa against injury. In addition, sucralfate is effective in the healing of acute duodenal and gastric ulceration, the therapy of esophagitis, and the prevention of ulcer recurrence. The mechanisms responsible for sucralfate's successful protective and therapeutic actions include the adsorption of pepsin and bile acids, the stimulation of bicarbonate and mucus secretion, and stimulation of endogenous synthesis of prostaglandins. When sucralfate is given to experimental animals or humans, it stimulates endogenous synthesis and release of prostaglandin E2 and inhibits thromboxane release. Pretreatment of animals with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin results in a marked decrease in the protective effect of sucralfate against alcohol injury. Sucralfate also increases epidermal growth factor binding to ulcerated areas and stimulates macrophage activity. In addition, sucralfate stimulates endogenous sulfhydryl compounds. At the microscopic level sucralfate protects the vascular integrity of the mucosa and the mucosal proliferative zone. It also stimulates epithelial cell restitution and stimulates cell proliferation. The administration of sucralfate before acute injury results in decreased depth and extent of injury and in acceleration of healing. Because of sucralfate's ability to stimulate the protective and reparative mechanisms of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, it is an important nonsystemic agent for the therapy and prevention of peptic ulceration.
Behavioral and serotonin receptor properties of 4-substituted derivatives of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (1982)

The serotonin (5-HT) receptor affinities and behavioral (discriminative stimulus) properties of a series of 4-substituted derivatives of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropanes (2,5-DMA) were investigated. The substituents at the 4-position included H, OMe, OEt, Me, Et, F, Br, I, and NO2. Substituent lipophilicities (pi values) of these functionalities appear to have a minimal effect on either 5-HT receptor affinity or behavioral activity. Those derivatives previously found to be most potent in human studies possess significant affinity for 5-HT receptors. Furthermore, when rats trained to discriminate (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) from saline were used, generalization was found to occur upon administration of the 4-substituted 2,5-DMA derivatives. Because a direct relationship exists between the ED50 values obtained from these discrimination studies and human hallucinogenic potencies, the discriminative stimulus paradigm, with DOM as a training drug, appears to be a useful tool for comparing the quantitative and qualitative (DOM-like) effects produced by certain hallucinogenic agents.
Experimental, modeling and simulation studies of nanoscale resistance switching devices (2009)

Excellent resistance switching properties such as fast switching time ( 106), good retention (> 6 years) and endurance (> 105) are observed in nanoscale amorphous silicon based RRAM (resistive random access memory). To successfully integrate the RRAM array, circuit models of the device characteristics and effects of device configuration such as crosstalk between cells within the array need to be elucidated. To this end, we performed experiments on the junction configuration and device modeling to predict the device behavior and 3D electric field simulation to predict the effect of the switching medium thickness in terms of crosstalk during the writing process.
Adsorption and aggregation of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate in systems containing toluene plus water, 1,2-ethanediol or 1,2,3-propanetriol (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and aggregation of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate in systems containing toluene plus water, 1,2-ethanediol or 1,2,3-propanetriolR. Aveyard, B. P. Binks, P. D. I. Fletcher, A. J. Kirk, and P. SwansburyCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 2, 523–530Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00026a027https://doi.org/10.1021/la00026a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of female esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech (1995)

Qi [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 1228-1235 (1990)] has demonstrated that (1) linear predictive (LP) methods can be used to separate vocal tract transfer functions from source functions of vowels produced by alaryngeal talkers and that (2) vowels synthesized with reconstructed transfer functions and totally synthetic voicing excitation sources have improved source-related properties over those present in the original vowels. Here, an extension of this work which is directed to the general goal of developing systems (devices) to enhance the quality of alaryngeal speech is reported. The specific goal of the present project was to determine whether speech, i.e., words spoken by female esophageal and tracheoesophageal talkers, could be enhanced by means of LP-based analysis and synthesis methods. Words spoken by four female alaryngeal talkers were analyzed and synthesized. A perceptual evaluation was completed to permit the quality of the synthetic and the original words to be compared. Listeners generally preferred to listen to the synthesized words, indicating that alaryngeal speech enhancement was accomplished.
Performance of Co-Operative Uplink Reception with Non-Ideal Backhaul (2015)

In this paper, we consider the problem of uplink coordinated multi-point (UL CoMP) in a wireless network with non-ideal backhaul links. UL CoMP with joint receivers has the potential to improve both cell-edge and system capacity depending on the deployment environment. Realizing the performance gains from CoMP requires ideally large bandwidth and low-latency backhaul links to do data exchange. Even if backhaul bandwidth is well-provisioned, latencies in the backhaul data exchange protocols could lead to severe performance degradation due to the requirement of strict Ack/Nack timing imposed by the LTE standard [1]. In order to deal with this issue, we propose strategies for adaptive helper cell management in order to entail minimal performance loss across different loading conditions. Using system simulations and detailed performance analysis, we show the advantage of using the proposed approaches with a finite buffer traffic model for a heterogeneous network deployment scenario including a Macro-cell layer and a clustered small-cell layer.
MIMO-FM: A Solution to Estimate Target Elevation with Passive FM Radar (2018)

In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the target elevation in passive FM radar. Due to the large wavelength of such systems, accurate beamforming at the reception side would require unpractical large reception devices of several meter height. We instead propose to solve this problem by means of a MIMO-like system that exploits the vertical structure of large existing FM broadcasters transmitting different frequency subbands with antennas located at different heights. We provide the MIMO-FM ambiguity function in that context and details the specific reception processing enabling to retrieve the elevation parameters. The feasibility of such a MIMO-FM system is proved on real data experiment using transmitting antennas located on the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
Use of Laser Capture Microdissection for Analysis of Retinal mRNA/miRNA Expression and DNA Methylation (2012)

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a useful method to isolate specific cells or cell layers of interest from heterogeneous tissues, such as the retina. The collected cells can be used for DNA, RNA, or protein analysis. We have applied LCM technology to isolate cells from the outer nuclear, inner nuclear, and ganglion cell layers of the retina for mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression and epigenetic (DNA methylation) analysis. Here, we describe the methods we have employed for sample preparation, LCM-based isolation of retinal layers, RNA/DNA extraction, RNA quality check, microRNA analysis by quantitative PCR, and DNA methylation analysis by bisulfite sequencing.
Supplementary Figure S2 from LSR Antibody Therapy Inhibits Ovarian Epithelial Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Lipid Uptake (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This Figure shows anti-tumor activity of anti-hLSR mAb (#1-25) in EOC xenografts using SCID mice&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Pseudooligosaccharides Related to the Capsular Phosphoglycan of Haemophilus influenzae Type a (2023)

Synthesis of spacer-armed pseudodi-, pseudotetra-, and pseudohexasaccharides related to the capsular phosphoglycan of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type <i>a</i>, the second most virulent serotype of <i>H. influenzae</i> (after type <i>b</i>), was performed for the first time via iterative chain elongation using H-phosphonate chemistry for the formation of inter-unit phosphodiester bridges. These compounds were prepared for the design of neoglycoconjugates, as exemplified by the transformation of the obtained pseudohexasaccharide derivative into a biotinylated glycoconjugate suitable for use in immunological studies, particularly in diagnostic screening systems as a coating antigen for streptavidin-coated plates and chip slides.
IgA nephropathy. From molecules to men. (1999)

The author of this volume has studied IgA nephropathy for nearly 25 years, almost as long as primary IgA nephropathy has been recognized as a new disease. IgA nephropathy, considered to be an immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, is characterized by granular deposition of IgA (mainly IgA1) and C3 in the glomerular mesangial areas and is defined as nephropathy showing proliferative changes in the glomerular mesangial cells and increases in the mesangial matrices. Apart from being one of the most common types of chronic glomerulonephritis, it is also the most frequent case of end-stage renal disease. Since the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is still obscure, specific treatment is not yet available. Previous approaches have included tonsillectomy, anticoagulants, prednisolone, immunosuppressants, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and others. During his career, the author of this book has studied many aspects of IgA nephropathy, shedding much light on the mechanism of development and progression of this disease. He also undertook new treatments for patients and developed animal models for IgA nephropathy. The purpose of the present volume is to review the author's work on pathogenesis and treatment of the disease and to provide the most up-to-date findings on this subject, constituting a valuable source of information for nephrologists, general practitioners, residents and interns.
An Efficient Method for Pitch Shifting Digitally Sampled Sounds (1989)

Altering the pitch of digitally sampled sounds is an operation that is performed by a number of commercially available devices (sampling synthesizers, harmonizers, vocoders) as well as by the software of many computer music languages. However, the algorithms for resampling and formant analysis/ resynthesis that these devices implement have some drawbacks: they can be computationally expensive and can produce audible side effects, among other things. Resampling, which is achieved by modifying the sampling rate, changes not only the pitch of the sound, but also its length and formant shape. The length change is usually compensated by a compression or expansion of the sound (Lee 1972), but this often introduces pops, clicks, and other modulations. The shift in the formant structure, which creates the familiar chipmunk-like sound, also causes the sound to be unrecognizable after only one octave or so of pitch shift. The analysis/resynthesis methods involving linear predictive filters (Oppenheim and Schafer 1975) and Fourier transforms (Dolson 1986) have the ability to retain the formant shape but require a large amount of computation. The goal of this paper is to present an alternative algorithm for altering the pitch and length of pitched (pseudo-periodic) sampled sounds. It has a computational efficiency near that of the resampling method while maintaining the formant characteristics of the unshifted sound.