gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implications of ejaculatory sperm DNA fragmentation on male infertility management (2017)

Latest guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) on the laboratory examination of human semen still focus on traditional semen analysis (SA) (1). However, the more recent recommendations from the major societies in the andrology field suggest to utilize new functional tests in certain conditions (2,3). Although the American Urological Association (AUA) best practice statement (2) and the joint guideline course of European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) on clinical andrology (2) stated that routine use of ejaculatory sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in all infertile couples is not supported by current literature, there is a general consensus that some of the infertile couples may benefit from sperm DNA integrity evaluation. Abnormal SDF, is characterized by more than 15% (fair sperm DNA integrity) to more than 30% (poor sperm integrity) fragmented DNA in ejaculatory sperm (4).
Microalgae-based products for the food and feed sector: an outlook for Europe (2014)

The European Union has recently adopted an ambitious strategy for developing the Bioeconomy in Europe, in this context algae\nrepresents an emerging biological resource of great importance for its potential applications in different fields. In particular,\nmicro-algae are currently promoted as a new source of valuable nutrients for human and animal consumption.\nThis report analyses the production, markets and regulation of microalgae-based food and feed products, especially focusing\non the European sector. The report is structured in the following chapters:\n- Micro-algal production systems\n- Current markets, products and future developments for micro-algae\n- Outlook: R&amp;D and prospects for micro-algae biotechnology and genetic modification\n- Safety and regulatory aspects of micro-algae food and feed applications in the EU and the US.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on the Principles and Materials of Photosynthesis: Mechanisms of Suppression and Enhancement of Photocurrent and Conversion Efficiency (2009)

Attempts have been made to develop dye-sensitized solar cells based on the principles and materials of photosynthesis: We first tested photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids (Cars), chlorophylls (Chls) and their derivatives, to find sensitizers showing reasonable performance (photocurrent and conversion efficiency). We then tried to introduce the principles of photosynthesis, including electron transfer and energy transfer from Car to Phe a. Also, we tried co-sensitization using the pheophorbide (Phe) a and Chl c(2) pair which further enhanced the performance of the component sensitizers as follows: J(sc) = 9.0 + 13.8 --> 14.0 mA cm(-2) and eta = 3.4 + 4.6 --> 5.4%.
Data from Mass Spectrometry Imaging Enables Discrimination of Renal Oncocytoma from Renal Cell Cancer Subtypes and Normal Kidney Tissues (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Precise diagnosis and subtyping of kidney tumors are imperative to optimize and personalize treatment decision for patients. Patients with the most common benign renal tumor, renal oncocytomas, may be overtreated with surgical resection because of limited preoperative diagnostic methods that can accurately identify the benign condition with certainty. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was applied to study the metabolic and lipid profiles of various types of renal tissues, including normal kidney, renal oncocytoma, and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). A total of 73,992 mass spectra from 71 patient samples were obtained and used to build predictive models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). Overall accuracies of 99.47% per pixel and 100% per patient for prediction of the three tissue types were achieved. In particular, renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC, which present the most significant morphologic overlap and are sometimes indistinguishable using histology alone, were also investigated and the predictive models built yielded 100% accuracy in discriminating these tumor types. Discrimination of three subtypes of RCC was also achieved on the basis of DESI-MS imaging data. Importantly, several small metabolites and lipids species were identified as characteristic of individual tissue types and chemically characterized using tandem MS and high mass accuracy measurements. Collectively, our study shows that the metabolic data acquired by DESI-MS imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and thus has the potential to be used in the clinical setting to improve treatment of patients with kidney tumor.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Metabolic data acquired by mass spectrometry imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and has the potential to be used in the clinic to improve treatment of patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Global classification and coding of hypersensitivity diseases – An EAACI – WAO survey, strategic paper and review (2014)

Hypersensitivity diseases are not adequately coded in the International Coding of Diseases (ICD)-10 resulting in misclassification, leading to low visibility of these conditions and general accuracy of official statistics. To call attention to the inadequacy of the ICD-10 in relation to allergic and hypersensitivity diseases and to contribute to improvements to be made in the forthcoming revision of ICD, a web-based global survey of healthcare professionals' attitudes toward allergic disorders classification was proposed to the members of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) (individuals) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) (representative responding on behalf of the national society), launched via internet and circulated for 6 week. As a result, we had 612 members of 144 countries from all six World Health Organization (WHO) global regions who answered the survey. ICD-10 is the most used classification worldwide, but it was not considered appropriate in clinical practice by the majority of participants. The majority indicated the EAACI-WAO classification as being easier and more accurate in the daily practice. They saw the need for a diagnostic system useful for nonallergists and endorsed the possibility of a global, cross-culturally applicable classification system of allergic disorders. This first and most broadly international survey ever conducted of health professionals' attitudes toward allergic disorders classification supports the need to update the current classifications of allergic diseases and can be useful to the WHO in improving the clinical utility of the classification and its global acceptability for the revised ICD-11.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE SUBSTITUIERTER VINYLPHOSPHONSAEUREN 9. MITT. UNTERSUCHUNG DER THION‐THIOL‐ISOMERIE BEI BETA‐ALKOXYVINYLTHIOPHOSPHONSAEUREDERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Die Dichlorverbindung (I) reagiert mit Natriumäthylat in Äthanol zu dem Alk= ′ oxyvinyl‐thio‐phosphonsäureester (III), der bei der Hydrolyse mit verdünnter Salzsäure den Aldehyd (IV) liefert.
Clinical progression of chikungunya fever during acute and chronic arthritic stages and the changes in joint morphology as revealed by imaging (2010)

This longitudinal follow-up study of 203 patients with serologically confirmed chikungunya (CHIK) virus infection describes the clinical features of CHIK fever during the first and tenth months of illness. During the acute stage CHIK fever presents with a wide array of symptoms. The foremost chronic symptoms at the end of a month were rheumatism (75%) and fatigue (30%). During the tenth month of follow-up the symptoms/signs observed were joint pain/swelling (46%), fatigue (13%) and neuritis (6%). The cure rate at the end of 9 months was 51%. Among the patients who had joint pain, 36% (34/94) met the American College of Rheumatology criteria to classify them as having rheumatoid arthritis. A subpopulation of the patients with joint pain (20/94) was tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody, and the joints were imaged by X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All tested negative for RF and one tested positive for anti-CCP. A radiolucent lesion in the X-ray was seen in the bones of five patients. The MRI findings were joint effusion, bony erosion, marrow oedema, synovial thickening, tendinitis and tenosynovitis. The study proves with relative certainty that CHIK arthritis is chronic inflammatory erosive arthritis, which has implications for management of the infection.
Expression of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase KIT in Mature β-Cells and in the Pancreas in Development (2001)

In the pancreas, ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are thought to be implicated in the development and function of the islets of Langerhans, which represent the endocrine part of the pancreas. In a previous study, we randomly screened by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for RTKs expressed in the embryonic pancreas. One cDNA fragment that was cloned during this screen corresponded to the KIT receptor. The objective of the present study was to analyze the pattern of Kit expression in the pancreas. We demonstrated that Kit is expressed and functional in terms of signal transduction in the insulin-producing cell line INS-1. Indeed, upon treatment with the KIT ligand (KITL), the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase was phosphorylated, and the expression of early responsive genes was induced. We also demonstrated that Kit mRNAs are present in fetal and adult rat islets. We next used mice that had integrated the lacZ reporter gene into the Kit locus. In these mice, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) served as a convenient marker for expression of the endogenous Kit gene. Kit was found to be specifically transcribed in beta-cells (insulin-expressing cells), whereas no expression was found in other endocrine cell types or in the exocrine tissue. Interestingly, not all mature beta-cells expressed Kit, indicating that Kit is a marker of a subpopulation of beta-cells. Finally, by following beta-gal expression in the pancreas during fetal life, we found that at E14.5, Kit is expressed in both insulin- and glucagon-expressing cells present at that stage, and also in a specific cell population present in the epithelium that stained negative for endocrine markers. These data suggest that these Kit-positive/endocrine-negative cells could represent a subpopulation of endocrine cell precursors.
Temporal Alterations in Cellular Bax:Bcl-2 Ratio following Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat (2003)

Cell death/survival following CNS injury may be a result of alterations in the intracellular ratio of death and survival factors. Using immunohistochemistry, Western analysis and in situ hybridization, the expression of the anti-cell death protein, Bcl-2, and the pro-cell death protein, Bax, was evaluated following lateral fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury of moderate severity (2.3-2.6 atm) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. By 2 h post-injury, a marked reduction of cellular Bcl-2-immunoreactivity (IR) and a mild decrease in cellular Bax IR were observed in the temporal and occipital cortices, and in the hippocampal CA3 ipsilateral to the site of impact. These decreases in Bcl-2 and Bax IR appeared to precede the overt cell loss in these regions that was evident at 24 h. Immunoblot analysis supported the immunohistochemical data, with a modest but significant reduction in the intensities of both the Bcl-2 and Bax protein bands at 2 h (p < 0.05 compared to sham levels). However, the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio increased significantly at 2 h (2.28 +/- 0.13) and remained elevated up to 7 days (2.05 +/- 0.13) post-injury compared to sham-injured control tissue (1.62 +/- 0.10, p < 0.05). Furthermore, cortical, but not hippocampal, levels of Bax protein increased by 25% (p < 0.05 compared to sham-injured controls) at 24 h post-injury, and returned to control levels by 7 days. In situ hybridization analysis of Bax mRNA revealed increased cellular grain density in the injured cortex (p < 0.05 compared to sham-injured brains), but not in the CA3 region of the injured hippocampus. No injury-induced changes in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA were observed in any brain region. Taken together, these data suggest that the association between regional post-traumatic cell death and alterations in the cellular ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax may be, in part, due to alterations in mRNA and/or protein expression of the Bcl-2 family of proteins.
A new NSPUDT configuration using coupled piezoelectrics (2002)

Natural single-phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) behavior in layer systems consisting of two coupled piezoelectrics is studied. The concept is characterized by combining those substrates and layers, the distances between the transduction and reflection centers of which differ by +or- lambda /4 or +or-3 lambda /4 ( lambda =wavelength). A criterion making it possible to find those crystal materials by general symmetry considerations and the layer thickness required for an optimal NSPUDT effect is formulated. The NSPUDT behavior is achieved, if the wave vector is parallel directed to a crystal rotation axis of the substrate and perpendicular to a mirror plane of the layer (or vice versa). These directions are pure mode ones for the substrate and the layer alone, but in general no longer for the layer system. There is even the chance to realize opposite forward directions on one and the same sample. The NSPUDT effect is experimentally demonstrated with the layer configuration ZnO/IDT/STX quartz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The cytoprotective actions of long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids in pancreatic β-cells (2008)

Chronic exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to long-chain fatty acids can cause loss of secretory function and enhanced apoptosis by a process of 'lipotoxicity', which may be a contributory factor to the rising incidence of Type 2 diabetes in humans. However, when incubated in vitro, beta-cells respond differentially to long-chain saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that these molecules may regulate cell functionality by different mechanisms. In particular, it is clear that, whereas saturated fatty acids [e.g. palmitate (C16:0)] exert detrimental effects on beta-cells, the equivalent mono-unsaturated species [e.g. palmitoleate (C16:1)] are well tolerated. Indeed, mono-unsaturated species are potently cytoprotective. The present review explores the differential effects of these various fatty acids on beta-cell viability and considers the possible mechanisms involved in cytoprotection by mono-unsaturates.
Book reviews (1958)

N. L. Allport, D. W. Wilson, J. P. R. Tootill, J. R. Nicholls and L. S. Theobald, Analyst, 1958, 83, 116b DOI: 10.1039/AN958830116B
A robust audio fingerprint extraction algorithm (2006)

An Audio fingerprint is a small digest of an audio file computed from its main perceptual properties. Like human fingerprints, Audio fingerprints allow to identify an audio file among a set of candidates but does not allow to retrieve any other characteristics of the files. Applications of Audio fingerprint include audio monitoring on broadcast channels, filtering peer to peer networks, meta data restoration in large audio library and the protection of author's copyrights within a Digital Right Management(DRM) system. We propose in this paper a new fingerprint extraction algorithm which combines a segmentation method with a new fingerprint construction scheme. The proposed method is robust against compression and time shifting alterations of the audio files.
ChemInform Abstract: Photofragmentation via Single‐Electron Transfer: Selective Labilization of C‐C Bonds in Amino Alcohols with Several Bonds Between Heteroatom Substituents. (1989)

Abstract Photoreactions of (I), (III) and (VII), as donors in the presence of thioindigo or β‐lapachone as acceptors are studied.
Silicon microdischarge devices having inverted pyramidal cathodes: Fabrication and performance of arrays (2001)

Microdischarge devices having inverted, square pyramidal cathodes as small as 50 μm×50 μm at the base and 35 μm in depth, have been fabricated in silicon and operated at gas pressures up to 1200 Torr. For the polyimide dielectric incorporated into these devices (εr=2.9), the discharges produced exhibit high differential resistance (∼2×108 Ω in Ne), ignition voltages for a single device of ∼260–290 V, and currents typically in the μA range. Arrays as large as 10×10 have been fabricated. For an 8 μm thick polyimide dielectric layer, operating voltages as low as 200 V for a 5×5 array have been measured for 700 Torr of Ne. Array lifetimes are presently limited to several hours by the thin (1200–2000 Å) Ni anode.
Long-term renal responses to high dietary protein in dogs with 75% nephrectomy (1986)

It has been proposed that ingestion of large amounts of dietary protein leads to sustained renal hyperperfusion and progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. This hypothesis was tested in dogs, with 75% reduction in renal mass, maintained for 4 years on either 56, 27, or 19% dietary protein. Twelve of 21 dogs survived 4 years, and death due to renal failure was not correlated to diet. Dogs fed 56 and 27% protein had increased GFR and CPAH before and after reduction of renal mass compared to the 19% group. A pattern of deterioration of renal function, including proteinuria, was not found in any diet group. Nine of 11 dogs, fed 56, 27, or 19% protein had minimal glomerular lesions, including mesangial proliferation, GBM irregularities, adhesions, and sclerosis. Two other dogs, fed 56% protein, had more severe glomerular lesions. No significant ultrastructural differences were found in glomeruli among the three diet groups. These results do not support the hypothesis that high protein feeding had a significant adverse effect on either renal function of morphology in dogs with 75% nephrectomy.
Sampled data systems and the ztransform (2003)

In this chapter, initial consideration is given to the sampling process – the process whereby analogue continuous-time signals are converted to digital discrete-time signals. The process is a necessary prerequisite if we are to process signals on a computer or with digital hardware. The effects that this process has on signal fidelity are examined and the Nyquist sampling theorem is introduced. This is followed by the development of the z-transform. The importance of the z-transform is that it plays the same role in digital filtering as the Laplace transform plays in analogue filtering. This leads directly to a detailed discussion of digital filters and discrete convolution. Many concepts used to describe continuous-time signals and systems have a direct parallel in discrete-time signal processing. Thus there is no necessity to learn a completely new set of techniques when discretetime systems are met for the first time.
Lesson 6 (1973)

Against the paper guide at 0 on the scale on the left.Turn up 7 single lines.Check the 'ready-to-type' position: feet, body, fingers and eyes. Warm upKeep your eyes on the copy.How many lines of type are there to the inch (25 mm) down a sheet of paper?How many lines of type are there down a sheet of A4 paper?How many lines of type are there down a sheet of A5 paper (210 x 148 mm)?How many lines of type are there down a sheet of A5 paper (148 x 210 mm)?
Role of Hyperinsulinemia in the Pathogenesis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Its Clinical Implications (1997)

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder affecting approximately 6% of women of reproductive age, and is characterized by anovulation and hyperandrogenism. It has also become apparent that a frequent feature of women with PCOS is insulin resistance accompanied by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and increasing evidence suggests that hyperinsulinemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This article will review (1) evidence indicating that insulin contributes to the hyperandrogenism of PCOS by stimulating ovarian androgen production and decreasing serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations; (2) possible direct effects of hyperinsulinemia on folliculogenesis; (3) the relationship between insulin and adrenal androgens in women; and (4) therapeutic and clinical implications of these findings.
Accelerated three‐dimensional cine phase contrast imaging using randomly undersampled echo planar imaging with compressed sensing reconstruction (2014)

The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate an accelerated three-dimensional (3D) cine phase contrast MRI sequence by combining a randomly sampled 3D k-space acquisition sequence with an echo planar imaging (EPI) readout. An accelerated 3D cine phase contrast MRI sequence was implemented by combining EPI readout with randomly undersampled 3D k-space data suitable for compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction. The undersampled data were then reconstructed using low-dimensional structural self-learning and thresholding (LOST). 3D phase contrast MRI was acquired in 11 healthy adults using an overall acceleration of 7 (EPI factor of 3 and CS rate of 3). For comparison, a single two-dimensional (2D) cine phase contrast scan was also performed with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) rate 2 and approximately at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation. The stroke volume and mean velocity in both the ascending and descending aorta were measured and compared between two sequences using Bland-Altman plots. An average scan time of 3 min and 30 s, corresponding to an acceleration rate of 7, was achieved for 3D cine phase contrast scan with one direction flow encoding, voxel size of 2 × 2 × 3 mm(3) , foot-head coverage of 6 cm and temporal resolution of 30 ms. The mean velocity and stroke volume in both the ascending and descending aorta were statistically equivalent between the proposed 3D sequence and the standard 2D cine phase contrast sequence. The combination of EPI with a randomly undersampled 3D k-space sampling sequence using LOST reconstruction allows a seven-fold reduction in scan time of 3D cine phase contrast MRI without compromising blood flow quantification.
Redox-buffer effect of Fe2+ ions on the selective olefin/paraffin separation and hydrogen tolerance of a Cu+-based mesoporous adsorbent (2012)

In the present work, a new mesoporous adsorbent containing ferrous/cuprous ionic species (Fe–Cu/MCM-41) has been developed for selective separation of 1-butene/n-butane. Co-impregnation of Fe2+ ions with Cu+ ions within mesopores gives superior 1-butene/n-butane separation ability. Fe–Cu/MCM-41 exhibits much higher heat of adsorption for 1-butene (−23.4 kJ mol−1) compared to that of Cu/MCM-41 (−11.2 kJ mol−1), resulting in a larger adsorption amount of 1-butene over Fe–Cu/MCM-41 (4.4 mmol g−1 at 1 atm) than that over Cu/MCM-41 (2.8 mmol g−1 at 1 atm). The results indicate that Fe–Cu/MCM-41 exhibits superior π-complexation ability for 1-butene than Cu/MCM-41. Moreover, the adsorption ability of Fe–Cu/MCM-41 does not change very much upon H2-treatment at different temperatures in the range of 273 K to 473 K, revealing the excellent hydrogen tolerance of the adsorbent. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the existence of Fe2+ species prevented the oxidation and reduction of Cu+ species during the adsorbent preparation and during the separation process in the presence of a reducing gas such as hydrogen, i.e., the Fe2+ species may act as a kind of redox buffer in the Fe–Cu/MCM-41 adsorbent for improving the chemical stability of Cu+ species that are highly effective for π-complexation with olefin.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE SIMPLE ENOLS. 11. EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FOR THE 1‐ALKYL‐2,2‐DIMESITYLETHENOL/1‐ALKYL‐2,2‐DIMESITYLETHANONE SYSTEMS IN HEXANE. THE PREDOMINANCE OF STERIC EFFECTS ON KENOL VALUES (1985)

Abstract Während die Addition von Me ‐ MgBr (IIa) an Dimesitylketen (I) zu (IVa) problemlos erfolgt (70% Ausb.), muß bei der Addition von Et ‐ MgBr (IIb) LiClO 4 zugesetzt werden, wobei (IVb) und (IVe) (je 50%) erhalten werden.