gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Identification of Histamine H3-Receptors in the Human Heart (1995)

Norepinephrine release contributes to ischemic cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Because activation of histamine H3-receptors inhibits norepinephrine release, we searched for the presence of H3-receptors directly in sympathetic nerve endings (cardiac synaptosomes) isolated from surgical specimens of human atria. Norepinephrine was released by depolarization with K+. The presence of H3-receptors was ascertained because the selective H3-receptor agonists (R) alpha-methylhistamine and imetit reduced norepinephrine release, and the specific H3-receptor antagonist thioperamide blocked this effect. Norepinephrine release was exocytotic, since it was inhibited by the N-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker omega-conotoxin and the protein kinase C inhibitor Ro31-8220. Functional relevance of these H3-receptors was obtained by showing that transmural electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerve endings in human atrial tissue increased contractility, an effect blocked by propranolol and attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by (R) alpha-methylhistamine. Also, thioperamide antagonized the effect of (R) alpha-methylhistamine. Our findings are the first demonstration that H3-receptors are present in sympathetic nerve endings in the human heart, where they modulate adrenergic responses by inhibiting norepinephrine release. Since myocardial ischemia causes intracardiac histamine release, H3-receptor-induced attenuation of sympathetic neurotransmission may be clinically relevant.
CALIBRATION OFA LOW-TEMPERATURECABLE-LESS LIGHTPIPE PYROMETER ON THENISTPOST-EXPOSURE BAKETESTBED (2005)

Theadvent ofthecable-less lightpipe radiation thermometer (CLRT) hasresulted ina significant improvement intheaccuracy oflightpipe radiation thermometer calibrations andmeasurements. CLRTsystems showgreat promise innoncontact measurements by theelimination oftheuncertainties caused bythelongfiber optic cables andtheir connections andbytheextension ofthespectral rangetohandle low-temperature applications downtoroomtemperature. A CLRTwasfirst calibrated withtheoil-bath andwater-bath blackbody sources from40°Cto180'C.ThentheCLRTwascompared tothin-film thermocouples andplatinum resistance thermometers onasilicon wafer heated inaPost-Exposure Bake(PEB) TestBed.Comparison oftheCLRTwithboth the blackbody andthermocouple standards provides confidence inusing CLRTsandallows researchers tocontinue research into improving theaccuracy andfeasibility ofapplying CLRTsinsemiconductor processing.
Sequence–structure relations of biopolymers (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Line profiles in thick electron resist layers and proximity effect correction (1979)

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the developed profile shape in thick resist layers is described. The profiles that are exposed by a single line scan at various incident doses and by two adjacent scans with increasing separations between the scans are compared with a threshold solubility model and a development model. Near the neck of the profiles, the predictions of the theoretical models are in good agreement with experiments. In the resist substrate interface regions, the development model is satisfactory but the threshold solubility model is found to be inadequate. A proximity effect correction method is also described in which the edge of the exposed pattern is monitored to obtain accurate pattern fidelity. Experimental results using this method of correction are presented.
Analysis of the Reaction of Carbachol with Acetylcholinesterase Using Thioflavin T As a Coupled Fluorescence Reporter (2008)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) contains a narrow and deep active site gorge with two sites of ligand binding, an acylation site (or A-site) at the base of the gorge and a peripheral site (or P-site) near the gorge entrance. The P-site contributes to catalytic efficiency by transiently binding substrates on their way to the acylation site, where a short-lived acylated enzyme intermediate is produced. Carbamates are very poor substrates that, like other AChE substrates, form an initial enzyme-substrate complex with free AChE (E) and proceed to an acylated enzyme intermediate (EC), which is then hydrolyzed. However, the hydrolysis of EC is slow enough to resolve the acylation and deacylation steps on the catalytic pathway. Here, we focus on the reaction of carbachol (carbamoylcholine) with AChE. The kinetics and thermodynamics of this reaction are of special interest because carbachol is an isosteric analogue of the physiological substrate acetylcholine. We show that the reaction can be monitored with thioflavin T as a fluorescent reporter group. The fluorescence of thioflavin T is strongly enhanced when it binds to the P-site of AChE, and this fluorescence is partially quenched when a second ligand binds to the A-site to form a ternary complex. Analysis of the fluorescence reaction profiles was challenging because four thermodynamic parameters and two fluorescence coefficients were fitted from the combined data both for E and for EC. Respective equilibrium dissociation constants of 6 and 26 mM were obtained for carbachol binding to the A- and P-sites in E and of 2 and 32 mM for carbachol binding to the A- and P-sites in EC. These constants for the binding of carbachol to the P-site are about an order of magnitude larger (i.e., indicating lower affinity) than previous estimates for the binding of acetylthiocholine to the P-site.
Plasma Diffusion in a Toroidal Stellarator (1969)

Collisional diffusion in long-mean-free-path, geometrically nonsymmetric regimes is characterized by Bohm-like scaling laws. A variational principle is found for calculation of diffusion constants.Received 3 February 1969DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.511©1969 American Physical Society
Lipases (2006)

[9001-62-1] (MW 30000–100000) (catalyst for asymmetric transformations of chiral or prochiral alcohols or acids by hydrolysis or esterification reactions1) Solubility: powder sol aqueous solutions; suspension in organic media. Form Supplied in: usually a white or brownish powder, but also immobilized on an appropriate support. Lipases from microbial sources are virtually homogeneous in terms of hydrolytic activity, while mammalian and plant lipase preparations contain several interfering enzymes including proteases and esterases. Analysis of Reagent Purity: assay by titrimetry.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: must be stored in a refrigerator at 0–5 °C. Avoid breathing or inhaling dust. Avoid too vigorous stirring.
5th International Symposium for ICS & SCADA Cyber Security Research 2018 (ICS-CSR 2018) - Index (2018)

The 5th International Symposium for ICS & SCADA Cyber Security brings together researchers with an interest in the security of industrial control systems in the light of their increasing exposure to cyber-space. The topics of interests are broad, ranging from security for hardware/firmware used in industrial control systems, to system aspects of ICS such as secure architectures and vulnerability screening to the human aspects of cyber security such as behaviour modelling and training. ICS-CSR is a research conference aimed at high quality academic research in any of the specified themes and topics of interest. We welcome original contributions that present innovative ideas, proof of concepts, use cases, and results from a variety of domains with a wish to enhance the security of infrastructure. Research Themes and Topics of Interest: ICS-CSR is welcoming contributions that have a direct application or relevance to security aspects of Distributed Control Systems (DCS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA), Industrial Control Systems (ICS), Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Smart City, or Industry 4.0.
Kinetics of Desolvation of Related Organic Inclusion Compounds (1999)

Abstract This study dealt mainly with the structure-reactivity relationship of selected organic inclusion compounds. The crystal structures of the inclusion compounds of three related hosts, 2,2′–bis(2,7–di-tert-butyl-9–hydroxy-9–fluorenyl)biphenyl, 2,2′–bis (2,7–dichloro-9–hydroxy-9–fluoienyl)biphenyl and 2, 2′–bis(2,7-dibromo-9–hydroxy-9–fluorenyl)biphenyl with 1,4–dioxane (Compound 1), 1,3–dioxane (Compound 2) and 1,3–dioxolane (Compound 3) respectively were elucidated, using single crystal X-ray crystallography. It was found that the guests were either located in channels or constricted channels (cavities), formed by the host framework. The kinetics of desolvation of these compounds were studied and their activation energies were compared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Fusarium Toxin Equisetin. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crossover between Strongly-coupled and Weakly-coupled Exciton Superfluids (2020)

In fermionic systems, superconductivity and superfluidity are enabled through the condensation of fermion pairs. The nature of this condensate can be tuned by varying the pairing strength, with weak coupling yielding a BCS-like condensate and strong coupling resulting in a BEC-like process. However, demonstration of this cross-over has remained elusive in electronic systems. Here we study graphene double-layers separated by an atomically thin insulator. Under applied magnetic field, electrons and holes couple across the barrier to form bound magneto-excitons whose pairing strength can be continuously tuned by varying the effective layer separation. Using temperature-dependent Coulomb drag and counter-flow current measurements, we demonstrate the capability to tune the magneto-exciton condensate through the entire weak-coupling to strong-coupling phase diagram. Our results establish magneto-exciton condensates in graphene as a model platform to study the crossover between two Bosonic quantum condensate phases in a solid state system.
Rheumatoid arthritis in women: Incidence rates in group health cooperative, seattle, washington, 1987–1989 (1991)

As part of a prospective case-control study of newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women, we identified all cases of probable, definite, or classic RA diagnosed in 1987-1989 in 18-64-year-old women who were members of a health maintenance organization based in the Seattle, Washington area. Using both the 1958 and the 1987 American Rheumatism Association criteria for the diagnosis of RA and enrollment data from the health maintenance organization, we calculated the incidence by age and diagnostic class. Rates of RA incidence in women increased steadily with age. The incidence of probable, definite, or classic RA ranged from 13.1 per 100,000 person-years at risk for 18-29-year-old women to 82.1 per 100,000 person-years for 60-64-year-old women. The overall incidence rate, age-adjusted to the 1980 US female population, was 27.9/100,000 person-years. The overall incidence rate for definite/classic RA, age-adjusted to the 1980 US female population, was 23.9 per 100,000 person-years. When compared with adjusted rates of incidence of definite RA in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1950-1974, the incidence rates we found were 44.7% lower. Methodologic differences, changes in diagnostic criteria, and a declining incidence of RA among women over time may all be partial explanations for these results. The possible effects of reproductive factors, including oral contraceptives use, are discussed.
Prognostic Value of RNASEH2A-, CDK1-, and CD151-Related Pathway Gene Profiling for Kidney Cancers (2018)

The nucleotide degrading enzyme gene RNASEH2A (ribonuclease H2 subunit A) has been found to be overexpressed in cancers. Our aim was to understand the role of RNASEH2A in cancer prognostication and to establish a scoring system based on the expressions of genes interacting with RNASEH2A. We screened the nucleotide degrading enzyme gene expression in RNAseq data of 14 cancer types derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that RNASEH2A overexpression was associated with poor patient survival only in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Further cluster analyses of samples with poor outcomes revealed that cluster of differentiation 151 (CD151) upregulation correlated with low cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and high RNASEH2A expression. The combination of low CD151 expression and high RNASEH2A expression resulted in impaired proliferation in four kidney cancer cell lines, suggesting potential synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) interactions between the two genes. A prognostication scoring system was established based on the expression levels of RNASEH2A-, CDK1-, and CD151-related genes, which could effectively predict the overall survival in a TCGA clear cell RCC cohort (n = 533, 995.3 versus 2242.2 days, p &lt; 0.0001), in another clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cohort E-GEOD-22541 (n = 44, 390.0 versus 1889.2 days, p = 0.0007), and in a TCGA papillary RCC (pRCC) cohort (n = 287, 741.6 versus 1623.7 days, p &lt; 0.0001). Our results provide a clinically applicable prognostication scoring system for renal cancers.
Nitriding phenomena in titanium and the 6Al-4V titanium alloy (1960)

Nitriding unalloyed titanium in purified nitrogen at 1,800° F produced a uniformly thick case that consisted of five distinct zones. The same treatment applied to a 6Al-4V titanium alloy resulted in a thinner nitride case that consisted of three zones and elongated nitride grains that penetrated into the core at approximately 45 degrees to the specimen surface. The aluminum appears to be responsible for the formation of the elongated grains. These grains, in turn, appear to be responsible for the nitriding having a more adverse effect on the toughness of the alloy than of the unalloyed titanium, as indicated by preliminary impact test results. The nitride case on the titanium appears to increase in thickness with increase in nitriding time without limit. The nitride case exhibits a hardness equivalent to about 77 Rockwell C at the surface down to almost 50 Rockwell C at the interface.
Interrelations of Organism Prevalence, Specimen Collection Method, and Host Age, Sex, and Breed among 8,354 Canine Urinary Tract Infections (1969–1995) (2001)

Selected information was compiled from canine urinalyses and urine cultures conducted between January 1969 and December 1995. Eight thousand three hundred fifty-four microbial isolates (bacteria and fungi) included 4,873 isolates from females and 3,481 from males. Ten bacterial genera accounted for 96.3% of the urinary isolates, including Escherichia coli (44.1%), Staphylococcus spp. (11.6%), Proteus spp. (9.3%), Klebsiella spp. (9.1%), Enterococcus spp. (8.0%), and Streptococcus spp. (5.4%) as the 6 most common isolates in both genders of dogs. Among these 6 genera, female dogs were generally predisposed over males, although males had more urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella spp. Distributions of ages at UTI diagnosis tended to be similar between genders. Infection with a single microbial species was responsible for >72% of UTIs in both genders. Among females, 40 breeds and a mixed-breed group represented 90.2% of all positive urine cultures, 88.4% of the individual dogs with UTIs. and 88.2% of the microbial isolations. Among males, these same 41 breed groups represented 87.9% of all positive urine cultures, 87.6% of the individual dogs, and 88.2% of the microbial isolations.
Neue Treibstoffe mit besonderen Eigenschaften (2011)

Der Vortrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über neue Treibstoffe wie Gele und energetische ionische Liquide
Genetic testing in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease: recommendations for clinical practice (2021)

The overall diagnostic yield of massively parallel sequencing-based tests in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 30% for paediatric cases and 6-30% for adult cases. These figures should encourage nephrologists to frequently use genetic testing as a diagnostic means for their patients. However, in reality, several barriers appear to hinder the implementation of massively parallel sequencing-based diagnostics in routine clinical practice. In this article we aim to support the nephrologist to overcome these barriers. After a detailed discussion of the general items that are important to genetic testing in nephrology, namely genetic testing modalities and their indications, clinical information needed for high-quality interpretation of genetic tests, the clinical benefit of genetic testing and genetic counselling, we describe each of these items more specifically for the different groups of genetic kidney diseases and for CKD of unknown origin.
Dynamic service migration in mobile edge-clouds (2015)

We study the dynamic service migration problem in mobile edge-clouds that host cloud-based services at the network edge. This offers the benefits of reduction in network overhead and latency but requires service migrations as user locations change over time. It is challenging to make these decisions in an optimal manner because of the uncertainty in node mobility as well as possible non-linearity of the migration and transmission costs. In this paper, we formulate a sequential decision making problem for service migration using the framework of Markov Decision Process (MDP). Our formulation captures general cost models and provides a mathematical framework to design optimal service migration policies. In order to overcome the complexity associated with computing the optimal policy, we approximate the underlying state space by the distance between the user and service locations. We show that the resulting MDP is exact for uniform one-dimensional mobility while it provides a close approximation for uniform two-dimensional mobility with a constant additive error term. We also propose a new algorithm and a numerical technique for computing the optimal solution which is significantly faster in computation than traditional methods based on value or policy iteration. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by simulation using real-world mobility traces of taxis in San Francisco.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION REACTIONS OF HYDRAZONES INDUCED BY ISOCYANATES. SYNTHESES OF 1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLINE AND 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLINE DERIVATIVES (1984)

Abstract Der Hydrazonodithiocarbonsäureester (I) reagiert mit den Isocyanaten (II) über die Betain‐Zwischenstufen (III) zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten(IV).
Glycated low-density lipoprotein attenuates shear stress-induced nitric oxide synthesis by inhibition of shear stress-activated L-arginine uptake in endothelial cells. (1999)

Little is known about the mechanism(s) of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. In this study, the effect of nonenzymatic glycated LDL, a phenomenon induced by elevated D-glucose levels associated with diabetes, on porcine aortic endothelial cells was investigated. Two fractions of LDL from diabetic patients were separated by affinity column chromatography and are referred to herein as fraction alpha (nonglycated LDL) and fraction beta (glycated LDL). Incubation of endothelial cells for 24 h with total LDL isolated from diabetic subjects (dLDL) increased the release of superoxide anions (*O2-) by fivefold, while no effect of LDL isolated from healthy individuals (nLDL) was found. Fraction beta, but not fraction alpha, evoked the *O2- release. In vitro-glycated LDL mimicked the effect of dLDL/fraction beta on *O2- release that correlated with its degree of glycation (R2 = 0.96). Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) stability (measured with a porphyrinic-based electrode) and NO bioactivity (measured by its ability to elevate cellular cGMP levels) were reduced in cells treated with dLDL by 46 and 41%, respectively. dLDL (but not nLDL or fraction alpha) abolished shear stress-induced L-arginine uptake. The inhibitory effect of dLDL on shear stress-induced L-arginine uptake was mimicked by in vitro-glycated LDL. The efficiency of in vitro-glycated LDL to diminish shear stress-evoked L-arginine uptake correlated with the extent of glycation (R2 = 0.88). Moreover, dLDL, but not nLDL or fraction alpha, reduced shear stress-mediated cGMP formation and NOx production by 47 and 88%, respectively. This effect was also mimicked by in vitro-glycated LDL, correlating with its degree of glycation (R2 = 0.86). Under these experimental conditions, glycated LDL reduced shear stress-induced increase in NO synthesis by inhibition of shear stress-stimulated L-arginine uptake and NO bioactivity due to increased endothelial cell *O2- release. These properties may contribute to the reduced vasodilatory response and the vascular complications in diabetes.
Water‐soluble/dispersible carbazole‐containing random and block copolymers by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerisation (2012)

Abstract A series of carbazole‐containing water‐dispersible poly(acrylic acid)‐ b ‐(9‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐9H‐carbazole) block copolymers (poly(AA)‐ b ‐poly(VBK)) and water‐soluble poly(methacrylic acid‐ ran ‐(9‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐9H‐carbazole)) (poly(MAA‐ ran ‐VBK)) random copolymers were synthesised in a controlled manner (i.e. low polydispersities $(\overline {M_{{\rm w}} } /\overline {M_{n} } &lt; 1.3)$ by nitroxide‐mediated polymerisation (NMP) using an SG1‐based alkoxyamine initiator, BlocBuilder. Poly(AA)‐ b ‐poly(VBK) block copolymers were most easily accessed by using poly(AA) in its protected form as the macroinitiator for the 9‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐9H‐carbazole (VBK) block. Controlled polymerisation of MAA was accomplished using an excess of 10 mol.% SG1 relative to BlocBuilder with VBK as controlling co‐monomer (initial molar feed content f VBK,0 = 0.03–0.20) in dimethylformamide at 80°C. Poly(MAA‐ ran ‐VBK) copolymers with a final VBK molar composition of F VBK &lt; 0.30 resulted in water‐soluble copolymers. In addition, as macroinitiators, poly(MAA‐ ran ‐VBK)s were sufficiently pseudo‐living to reinitiate a second batch of monomer (90 mol.% methyl methacrylate with styrene) in organic solvent and by ab initio, surfactant‐free emulsion polymerisation. In both cases, low polydispersity, amphiphilic block copolymers resulted $(\overline {M_{{\rm w}} } /\overline {M_{{\rm n}} } &lt; 1.3)$ . © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Quantum Cryptography in Noisy Channels (1995)

We provide a complete proof of the security of quantum cryptography against any eavesdropping attack including coherent measurements even in the presence of noise. Polarization-based cryptographic schemes are shown to be equivalent to EPR-based schemes. We also show that the performance of a noisy channel approaches that of a noiseless one as the error rate tends to zero. (i.e., the secrecy capacity $C_s (ε) \to C_s (0)$ as $ε\to 0$.) One implication of our results is that one can {\it double} the efficiency of a most well-known quantum cryptographic scheme proposed by Bennett and Brassard simply by assigning vastly different probabilities to the two conjugate bases.
Factor analysis as a complement to infrared band resolution. VII. The temperature dependence of the self association of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution (1980)

Infrared absorption bands in the OH stretching region of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution have been recorded for various concentrations and at several temperatures between 25 and 60 °C. Factor analysis of the digitized spectra was carried out and the presence of three absorbing components in the OH stretching band was indicated at all temperatures in the range of 25–60 °C. The three components are assigned to monomer, linear dimer, and a polymeric species. It is suggested that the polymeric species is a cyclic trimer.Band contour resolution was carried out to obtain areas of the component bands. The variation of the monomer and dimer band areas with temperature was used to obtain a value for the enthalpy of dimerization of −15.8 ± 0.6 kJ mol −1 .