gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bright Unidirectional Fluorescence Emission of Molecules in a Nanoaperture with Plasmonic Corrugations (2011)

Controlling the fluorescence emission from nanoscale quantum emitters is a key element for a wide range of applications, from efficient analytical sensing to quantum information processing. Enhancing the fluorescence intensity and narrowing the emission directivity are both essential features to achieve a full control of fluorescence, yet this is rarely obtained simultaneously with optical nanoantennas. Here we report that gold nanoapertures surrounded by periodic corrugations transform standard fluorescent molecules into bright unidirectional sources. We obtain enhancement factors of the fluorescence count rate per molecule up to 120 fold simultaneously with a directional emission of the fluorescence into a narrow angular cone in the direction normal to the sample plane. The bright emission and narrow directionality enable the detection of single molecules with a low numerical aperture objective, and improve the effectiveness of fluorescence-based applications. We thoroughly quantify the increased light-matter coupling as well as the radiation pattern intensity. These results are highly relevant for the development of single molecule sensing, single-photon sources, and light emitting devices.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (2023)

This study of a representative German birth cohort showed that maternal but not foetal iFGF23 is independently associated with GDM.
Ovopub: Modular data publication with minimal provenance (2013)

With the growth of the Semantic Web as a medium for creating, consuming, mashing up and republishing data, our ability to trace any statement(s) back to their origin is becoming ever more important. Several approaches have now been proposed to associate statements with provenance, with multiple applications in data publication, attribution and argumentation. Here, we describe the ovopub, a modular model for data publication that enables encapsulation, aggregation, integrity checking, and selective-source query answering. We describe the ovopub RDF specification, key design patterns and their application in the publication and referral to data in the life sciences.
LAUGHING GULLS AT JFK AIRPORT: SAFETY HAZARD OR WILDLIFE RESOURCE? (1989)

John F. Kennedy International Airport is adjacent to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge administered by the National Park Service. In 1979, 15 pairs of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) nested on the refuge, the first recolonization of Long Island by this species since the gulls' disappearance from New York around 1900. The colony, with nests as close as 0.4 km to 1 runway, has subsequently increased to about 3,000 pairs. From 1970 to 1978, only 1 laughing gull strike by an aircraft was recorded at JFK. From 1979 through August 1989, 800 strikes were recorded, including 179 in 1989, in spite of increased bird management programs on the airport. We believe public safety considerations outweigh any benefits of maintaining the colony in this proximity to JFK, especially since the colony represents but a small fraction of the expanding east coast population of laughing gulls. Oiling of eggs to eliminate hatching of young may be the best initial approach to remove the colony. Over 63 of the strikes occur in late June and early July when adults frequently fly across the airport on feeding trips for chicks.
New Mono- and Tricyclopalladated Dendritic Systems with Encapsulated Catalytic Sites (2002)

The preparation of a series of new macrocyclic carbodiazasilane molecules functionalized with the monoanionic [2,6-(CH2NMe2)2C6H3](-)[triple bond]N,C,N-pincer ligand has been accomplished. Palladation of these systems was possible through oxidative addition with [Pd(dba)2] affording exclusive formation of the meso diastereoisomer. The X-ray crystal structures of these novel ligands and of the palladium(II) complex 10 were determined and confirmed the stereochemistry of the organopalladium cage. Attachment of the para-OH functionalized carbodiazasilane macrocycle 16 to a central core led to the formation of the dendritic structure 18 which was palladated to afford the novel multimetallic dendritic system with encapsulated catalytic sites 1. This cyclopalladated carbosilane dendrimer (1) as well as the mononuclear organopalladium cage 10 can be conveniently converted into active Lewis acid catalysts for the aldol condensation reaction. The catalytic data showed higher reaction rates for the dendritic structure than for the corresponding mononuclear systems.
Other clinical neurological uses of botulinum toxin (2007)

This chapter will highlight some of the less common but nevertheless helpful uses of botulinum toxin for a variety of neurological conditions. The list of potential uses of botulinum toxin is growing each year and this chapter does not attempt to offer a completely comprehensive guide to every case report in every potential neurological condition. This chapter discusses the reasonably established use in the following conditions:
Gender differences in sepsis (2013)

During sepsis, a complex network of cytokine, immune, and endothelial cell interactions occur and disturbances in the microcirculation cause organ dysfunction or even failure leading to high mortality in those patients. In this respect, numerous experimental and clinical studies indicate sex-specific differences in infectious diseases and sepsis.\n
Epidemiology and societal costs of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s syndrome in Germany, Italy and Spain (2011)

Costs due to poorly treated GERD with Barrett's esophagus represent a substantial burden for the healthcare systems of all three studied countries. Costs for employers owing to absenteeism or presenteeism of employees were low or no costs were found.
The Effects of Chain Length of Ferrocene Moiety on Electrical Communication of Mediators-and Enzymes-modified Electrodes (1994)

Electrical communication between alcohol dehydrogenase and graphite electrode is established in a domain ofpoly(acrylic acid)thin layer coated on graphite fehin which feπo㏄ne，NADH，diaphorase and alcohol dehydrogenase are chemically immobilized．lt was confim、ed that NADH was not directly oxi〔1ized wiIh ferrocene derivatives and needed the intervention of diaphorase bctween fe∬ocene derivativcs and NADH．The effects of feπocene derivatives with different alkyl chain lengths(Fc-CH2NH(CH2)nNH2，n＝4-12)to elcctromediatory oxidations of NADH and alcohol dehydrogenase were examined and the best rcsult was obtained by the use of the flexible ferrocene derivatives with spacer lenghth of12-15A(n＝6-8)．
Hardware implementation for a new design of the VBSME Used in H.264/AVC (2014)

Motion estimation (ME) in video coding standard H.264/AVC adopts variable block size (VBSME) which provides high compression rates but requires much higher computation compared to the previous coding standards. To overcome this complexity, this paper describes a VHDL design and an implementation of VBSME. The design is based on partitioning each 16×16 macroblock into sixteen 4×4 non overlapping subblocks. The motion estimation of these subblocks is performed in parallel in order to use them to form the 41 subblocks of different sizes specified by the standard. As a result, this new design has in consideration low latency and high throughput with a maximum frequency which reaches over than 277 MHz on a Xilinx-Vittex5-LX110T FPGA.
The revised draft Land Law : implications for the business community (2003)

In regard to Vietnam, this paper summarizes the major changes between the current Land Law and the proposed draft Law and the potential impact on business activities. The contents include: mechanisms to determine pricing of Land Use Rights (LUR); stipulations on ownership of land; rights of land users under different leasehold terms; land-lease tenure; site clearance costs and rent; land planning, allocation, lease, pricing and LUR revocation; capital-gains tax; other specific recommendations; and other changes that positively affect the business environment.
3 Befunderhebung und Diagnose im Rahmen der Kariestherapie (2018)

Die Zahnerhaltung mit ihren drei Fächern Kariologie, Endodontologie und Parodontologie ist ein Kernfach Ihres Studiums. Mit diesem Buch erhalten Sie das nötige Wissen für Ihr Studium und die spätere Tätigkeit als Zahnarzt.
The TCR Cα domain regulates responses to self-pMHCII (2022)

Abstract T-cells play a central role in adaptive immunity by recognizing peptide-antigens presented in MHC molecules (pMHC) via their clonotypic T-cell receptors (TCRs). αβTCRs are heterodimers, consisting of TCRα and TCRβ subunits that are composed of variable (Vα, Vβ) and constant (Cα, Cβ) domains. While the Vα, Vβ, and Cβ domains adopt typical immunoglobulin (Ig) folds in the extracellular space, the Cα domain lacks a top β sheet and instead has two loosely associated top strands (C and F strands) on its surface. Previous results suggest that this unique Ig-like fold mediates homotypic TCR interactions and influences signaling in vitro . To better understand why evolution has selected this unique structure, we asked: what is the fitness cost for development and function of CD4 + T cells bearing a mutation in the Cα C-strand? In both TCR retrogenic and transgenic mice we observed increased single positive thymocytes bearing mutant TCRs compared with those expressing wild type TCRs. Furthermore, our analysis of mutant TCR transgenic mice revealed an increase in naive CD4 + T cells experiencing strong tonic TCR signals, increased homeostatic survival, and increased recruitment of responders to cognate pMHCII upon immunization, compared to wild type. The mutation did not, however, overtly impact CD4 + T cell proliferation or differentiation after immunization. We interpret these data as evidence that the unique Cα domain has evolved to fine-tune TCR signaling, particularly in response to weak interactions with self-pMHCII.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Healthy At Any Age (2010)

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are gaining in popularity as an experimental therapy for a number of conditions including graft-versus-host disease, Crohn's disease, myocardial infarction, etc. Most applications require that MSCs be expanded to achieve an adequate cell-dose for therapy. Prior data suggest that MSC undergo aging in culture and that MSC from older donors undergo earlier senescence than MSC from younger donors. We have observed over 100 MSC expansion cultures and it seemed that early in the expansion period MSC from any age donor microscopically appeared healthy and showed no difference upon differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, or cartilage lineages. We hypothesized that MSC from any age donor would have similar cellular fitness when expanded under incubation conditions and limited passage to mimic cell handling that would be used in a clinical preparation. We have compared the expression of several markers of aging in MSCs obtained from a subset of 120 donors over a wide range of ages (8 months to 60 years). We find that although MSC from older individuals produced slightly fewer cells over a fixed number of passages and have a slightly longer doubling time (54 hrs vs 42 hrs), a satisfactory clinical product can still be obtained (multiple doses at >106 cell/kg). When MSC from young (0.8-6 years) and old (43-60 years) were compared there was no difference in cell surface markers, lipofuscin, migration ability, or expression of aging markers such as iNOS, PGE2, p16, and SOD. SOD activity (0.025 vs 0.028 U/ml) and oxidative challenge death rate to hydrogen peroxide were not significantly different (1% vs 1.5%, p=0.14). Morphology by light microscopy and extent of qualitative differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic, and cartilage cell types were also similar in old and young donor derived MSC. Finally, telomeres did not show a significant difference in length between young and old donor-derived MSC early in passage. We conclude that age may not need to be considered when determining a potential MSC donor especially in light of the fact that many clinical applications require only a limited culture time (19-21 days) to achieve a sufficient number of cells for a useful clinical product.
Experimental demonstration of phase-matched THz generation in plasma-activated silicon nanophotonic emitters (2013)

We present THz emission based on phase-matched difference frequency generation from ultra-short laser pulses with λ = 1560 nm in a plasma-activated silicon nanophotonic waveguide with second-order nonlinearity. Phase-matching is achieved using a hybrid-approach with coplanar transmission lines.
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of submucosal neurons in the mouse distal colon (2008)

The pathophysiology of intestinal secretion is increasingly studied using transgenic mouse models of colonic inflammation, but little is known about the properties of single submucosal neurons regulating epithelial secretion in the mouse. Therefore, these neurons were characterized in the mouse distal colon submucosal plexus using electrophysiological and morphological techniques. Action potentials and synaptic responses in single neurons were recorded in submucosal preparations in vitro using intracellular electrodes filled with neurobiotin, enabling subsequent morphological examination. Most neurons (approximately 90%) were classified as S-type neurons based on the presence of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), absence of prolonged after-hyperpolarizations, and uni-axonal morphology. These neurons rarely fired more than one action potential in response to intracellular depolarization but spontaneous fast EPSPs were observed. Fibre tract stimulation (20 Hz) elicited slow EPSPs in many neurons (37%) and slow inhibitory potentials were also observed in a subset of neurons (18%). None of these cells exhibited electrophysiological features suggestive of AH neurons. However, morphological studies demonstrated that 12% of neurons had two axons, and an immunohistochemical marker of mouse AH neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide, was co-localized with the pan-neuronal marker HuD in 9% of neurons. Cell counts indicated that mouse distal colon ganglia were much smaller (> 80% contain one to five neurons) compared to guinea-pig distal colon ganglia (approximately 30% contain >10 neurons). This study has shown that mouse distal colon submucosal ganglia are relatively small and, based on combined morphological and electrophysiological features, most neurons exhibit S-type characteristics.
The impact of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with acute myocardial infarction (2021)

Patients with acute MI showed higher volume of EAT than healthy individuals. High EAT was linked to more MVO and greater ST-deviation. EAT was associated with infarct size, but not with MSI.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Lipoteichoic Acid and Derivatives (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A covalently bound inhibitor triggers EZH 2 degradation through CHIP ‐mediated ubiquitination (2017)

Abstract Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ( EZH 2) has been characterized as a critical oncogene and a promising drug target in human malignant tumors. The current EZH 2 inhibitors strongly suppress the enhanced enzymatic function of mutant EZH 2 in some lymphomas. However, the recent identification of a PRC 2‐ and methyltransferase‐independent role of EZH 2 indicates that a complete suppression of all oncogenic functions of EZH 2 is needed. Here, we report a unique EZH 2‐targeting strategy by identifying a gambogenic acid ( GNA ) derivative as a novel agent that specifically and covalently bound to Cys668 within the EZH 2‐ SET domain, triggering EZH 2 degradation through COOH terminus of Hsp70‐interacting protein ( CHIP )‐mediated ubiquitination. This class of inhibitors significantly suppressed H3K27Me3 and effectively reactivated polycomb repressor complex 2 ( PRC 2)‐silenced tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, the novel inhibitors significantly suppressed tumor growth in an EZH 2‐dependent manner, and tumors bearing a non‐ GNA ‐interacting C668S‐ EZH 2 mutation exhibited resistance to the inhibitors. Together, our results identify the inhibition of the signaling pathway that governs GNA ‐mediated destruction of EZH 2 as a promising anti‐cancer strategy.
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Pancreaticogastrostomy Versus Pancreaticojejunostomy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy (1995)

Pancreatic fistula is a common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy, with an incidence most strongly associated with surgical volume and underlying disease. These data do not support the hypothesis that pancreaticogastrostomy is safer than pancreaticojejunostomy or is associated with a lower incidence of pancreatic fistula.
A catalytically active porous coordination polymer based on a dinuclear rhodium paddle-wheel unit (2013)

Two new coordination polymers, DUT-82 and DUT-83 (DUT – Dresden University of Technology), were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction in methanol of rhodium(II) acetate and the tricarboxylic acid H3btc (btc – benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) or H3btb (btb – benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate), respectively. After drying using supercritical carbon dioxide, aerogels with specific surface areas of up to 1150 m2 g−1 and pore volumes of up to 2.26 cm3 g−1 were obtained. Although there is no long range order in the materials, the presence of rhodium paddle-wheel units and thus a local order was proven by X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. DUT-82 shows good performance in the adsorption of hydrogen and a high affinity for carbon monoxide, which is rarely observed for metal–organic frameworks. Catalytic investigations demonstrate the activity of DUT-82 in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of styrene as a model system. DUT-82 can be recycled for at least ten cycles underlining the stability during the course of reaction.
A Highly Redundant Gene Network Controls Assembly of the Outer Spore Wall in S. cerevisiae (2013)

The spore wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a multilaminar extracellular structure that is formed de novo in the course of sporulation. The outer layers of the spore wall provide spores with resistance to a wide variety of environmental stresses. The major components of the outer spore wall are the polysaccharide chitosan and a polymer formed from the di-amino acid dityrosine. Though the synthesis and export pathways for dityrosine have been described, genes directly involved in dityrosine polymerization and incorporation into the spore wall have not been identified. A synthetic gene array approach to identify new genes involved in outer spore wall synthesis revealed an interconnected network influencing dityrosine assembly. This network is highly redundant both for genes of different activities that compensate for the loss of each other and for related genes of overlapping activity. Several of the genes in this network have paralogs in the yeast genome and deletion of entire paralog sets is sufficient to severely reduce dityrosine fluorescence. Solid-state NMR analysis of partially purified outer spore walls identifies a novel component in spore walls from wild type that is absent in some of the paralog set mutants. Localization of gene products identified in the screen reveals an unexpected role for lipid droplets in outer spore wall formation.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPEPTIDE ALKALOIDS. SYNTHESIS OF THE RING SYSTEM AND ITS ION AFFINITY (1979)

Abstract Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen (X) erfolgt ausgehend von den Formylierungsprodukten (Ic) und (Id) der Verbindungen (Ia) bzw. (Ib).
Preparations and Stereochemistries of Ethyl 3α- and 3β-Methyl-9-oxobicyclo (3, 3, 1) nonane-1-carboxylates and Related Compounds (1968)

The Michael condensation of ethyl 2-oxo-5-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate with acrolein proceeded stereospecifically to afford, upon intramolecular Aldol-type cyclization followed by dehydration, ethyl 3β-methyl-9-oxobicyclo (3, 3, 1) non-6-ene-1-carboxylate (IV), which was hydrogenated to 3β-methyl-9-oxobicyclo (3, 3, 1) nonane-1-carboxylate (V). The corresponding 3α-methyl derivative (XIX) was obtained from the Michael adduct of ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate with methacrolein. Configurations and conformations of the compounds prepared were established from the consideration of chemical and NMR evidences.
Sperm protein 17 and AKAP‐associated sperm protein cancer/testis antigens are expressed in ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (2015)

Sp17 and ASP cancer/testis antigens were found in ciliated cells of four CHFCs. Further characterization of Sp17 and ASP in patients with CHFCs may provide significant clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their predisposition to develop squamous cell carcinomas.
Identification of skatolyl hydroperoxide and its role in the peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of indol-3-yl acetic acid (1998)

Indol-3-yl acetic acid (IAA, auxin) is a plant hormone whose degradation is a key determinant of plant growth and development. The first evidence for skatolyl hydroperoxide formation during the plant peroxidase-catalysed degradation of IAA has been obtained by electrospray MS. Skatolyl hydroperoxide degrades predominantly non-enzymically to oxindol-3-yl carbinol but in part enzymically into indol-3-yl methanol via a peroxidase cycle in which IAA acts as an electron donor. Skatolyl hydroperoxide is degradable by catalase. Horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRP-C) and anionic tobacco peroxidase (TOP) exhibit differences in their mechanisms of reaction. The insensitivity of the HRP-C-catalysed reaction to catalase is ascribed to the formation of HRP-C Compound III at the initiation step and its subsequent role in radical propagation. This is in contrast with the TOP-catalysed process in which skatolyl hydroperoxide has a key role. Indol-3-yl aldehyde is produced not via the peroxidase cycle but by catalysis involving ferrous peroxidase. Because indol-3-yl aldehyde is one of the main IAA-derived products identified in planta, we conclude that ferrous peroxidases participate in IAA catalytic transformations in vivo. A general scheme for peroxidase-catalysed IAA oxidation is presented.
Mechanisms of deep penetration of soft solids, with application to the injection and wounding of skin (2004)

Micromechanical models are developed for the deep penetration of a soft solid by a flat–bottomed and by a sharp–tipped cylindrical punch. The soft solid is taken to represent mammalian skin and silicone rubbers, and is treated as an incompressible, hyperelastic, isotropic solid described by a one–term Ogden strain energy function. Penetration of the soft solid by a flat–bottomed punch is by the formation of a mode–II ring crack that propagates ahead of the penetrator tip. The sharp–tipped punch penetrates by the formation of a planar mode–I crack at the punch tip, followed by wedging open of the crack by the advancing punch. For both modes of punch advance the steady–state penetration load is calculated by equating the work done in advancing the punch to the sum of the fracture work and the strain energy stored in the solid. For the case of a sharp penetrator, this calculation is performed by considering the opening of a plane–strain crack by a wedge using a finite–element approach. Analytical methods suffice for the flat–bottomed punch. In both models the crack dimensions are such that the load on the punch is minimized. For both geometries of punch tip, the predicted penetration pressure increases with diminishing punch radius, and with increasing toughness and strain–hardening capacity of solid. The penetration pressure for a flat–bottomed punch is two to three times greater than that for a sharp–tipped punch (assuming that the mode–I and mode–II toughnesses are equal), in agreement with experimental observations reported in a companion paper.