gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First seizure management: I can see clearly now? (2015)

I have great respect and concern for the solo and small practice neurologist in our shifting health care landscape. Jones and Evans 1 offer a comprehensive overview of the options available to sustain a practice of any size. My concern is that the focus of the article is on the quantitative analysis of the business. Alhough important, these strategies are like patching holes in the bottom of a leaky bucket. The greater problem is that the fee-for-service spigot is running dry. With a mandate to shift to value-based medicine, 2,3 the emphasis should be on opening new spigots that are well supplied. It is affiliation and alignment with a value-based entity that will allow neurologists to regain stable financial footing. I commend the authors for reviewing alignment strategies, although I don't think they should be discussed in the context of selling a practice. There are many ways to affiliate or align and remain an independent practitioner and business owner. As we educate ourselves, I look forward to a more elaborate discussion of these important strategies.
Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development (2018)

Maternal nutrition during gestation, especially dietary protein intake, is a key determinant in embryonic survival, growth, and development. Low maternal dietary protein intake can cause embryonic losses, intra-uterine growth restriction, and reduced postnatal growth due to a deficiency in specific amino acids that are important for cell metabolism and function. Of note, high maternal dietary protein intake can also result in intra-uterine growth restriction and embryonic death, due to amino acid excesses, as well as the toxicity of ammonia, homocysteine, and H<sub>2</sub>S that are generated from amino acid catabolism. Maternal protein nutrition has a pronounced impact on fetal programming and alters the expression of genes in the fetal genome. As a precursor to the synthesis of molecules (e.g. nitric oxide, polyamines, and creatine) with cell signaling and metabolic functions, L-arginine (Arg) is essential during pregnancy for growth and development of the conceptus. With inadequate maternal dietary protein intake, Arg and other important amino acids are deficient in mother and fetus. Dietary supplementation of Arg during gestation has been effective in improving embryonic survival and development of the conceptus in many species, including humans, pigs, sheep, mice, and rats. Both the balance among amino acids and their quantity are critical for healthy pregnancies and offspring. Impact statement This review aims at: highlighting adverse effects of elevated levels of ammonia in mother or fetus on embryonic/fetal survival, growth, and development; helping nutritionists and practitioners to understand the mechanisms whereby elevated levels of ammonia in mother or fetus results in embryonic/fetal death, growth restriction, and developmental abnormalities; and bringing, into the attention of nutritionists and practitioners, the problems of excess or inadequate dietary intake of protein or amino acids on pregnancy outcomes in animals and humans. The article provides new, effective means to improve embryonic/fetal survival and growth in mammals.
Simulating a file sharing system based on BitTorrent (2008)

BitTorrent is the most popular peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocol on the Internet. This is the reason why it is responsible for taking up a large portion of Internet traffic. This paper surveys BitTorrent first and discuss a number of topics surrounding BitTorrent. The topics include how BitTorrent began, the motivation for it, why it is such an efficient file distributed system, the current uses and legal issues with it. Finally we will take a look at our next step which is simulation of BitTorrent.
Fabrication of the InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Through a Photoelectrochemical Process (2009)

InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a lateral-etched (LE) undercut structure were fabricated through a photoelectrochemical-etching process. The LE-LED was fabricated with an undercut structure, where the InGaN layer acted as a sacrificial layer without reducing the effective emission area. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the LE-LED had a wavelength blueshift phenomenon of 4.6 nm when compared with a standard-LED (ST-LED) at a 30-A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> current density. The wavelength blueshift phenomenon of the EL emission peaks were measured as 5.5 and 4.3 nm by varying the injection current density from 1.5 to 30 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the ST-LED and the LE-LED. In a bias-dependent micro-photoluminescence measurement, the blueshift phenomenon of a peak wavelength for the LE-LED was smaller than for the ST-LED. These results were attributed to a partially reduced piezoelectric field in the InGaN active layer and larger light extraction efficiency in the LE-LED structure.
Loss Characterization and Calculation of Nanocrystalline Cores for High-frequency Magnetics Applications (2007)

The loss density of the nanocrystalline material is experimentally characterized up to 500 kHz and above 1 Tesla in this paper. Flux density and loss density of the material under high operating temperature (150°C) are calibrated and reported. The core preparing effect on magnetic loss density is also identified by experiments, which provides information necessary to practical magnetic designs. A new empirical core loss calculation method has been proposed and verified for the nanocrystalline material under resonant operations that are popular in high-frequency power converter applications.
Algorithmen - Eine Einführung (2017)

Der "Cormen" bietet eine umfassende und vielseitige Einführung in das moderne Studium von Algorithmen. Es stellt viele Algorithmen Schritt für Schritt vor, behandelt sie detailliert und macht deren Entwurf und deren Analyse allen Leserschichten zugänglich. Sorgfältige Erklärungen zur notwendigen Mathematik helfen, die Analyse der Algorithmen zu verstehen. Den Autoren ist es dabei geglückt, Erklärungen elementar zu halten, ohne auf Tiefe oder mathematische Exaktheit zu verzichten. Jedes der weitgehend eigenständig gestalteten Kapitel stellt einen Algorithmus, eine Entwurfstechnik, ein Anwendungsgebiet oder ein verwandtes Thema vor. Algorithmen werden beschrieben und in Pseudocode entworfen, der für jeden lesbar sein sollte, der schon selbst ein wenig programmiert hat. Zahlreiche Abbildungen verdeutlichen, wie die Algorithmen arbeiten. Ebenfalls angesprochen werden Belange der Implementierung und andere technische Fragen, wobei, da Effizienz als Entwurfskriterium betont wird, die Ausführungen eine sorgfältige Analyse der Laufzeiten der Programme mit ein schließen. Über 1000 Übungen und Problemstellungen und ein umfangreiches Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis komplettieren das Lehrbuch, dass durch das ganze Studium, aber auch noch danach als mathematisches Nachschlagewerk oder als technisches Handbuch nützlich ist. Für die dritte Auflage wurde das gesamte Buch aktualisiert. Die Änderungen sind vielfältig und umfassen insbesondere neue Kapitel, überarbeiteten Pseudocode, didaktische Verbesserungen und einen lebhafteren Schreibstil. So wurden etwa - neue Kapitel zu van-Emde-Boas-Bäume und mehrfädigen (engl.: multithreaded) Algorithmen aufgenommen, - das Kapitel zu Rekursionsgleichungen überarbeitet, sodass es nunmehr die Teile-und-Beherrsche-Methode besser abdeckt, - die Betrachtungen zu dynamischer Programmierung und Greedy-Algorithmen überarbeitet; Memoisation und der Begriff des Teilproblem-Graphen als eine Möglichkeit, die Laufzeit eines auf dynamischer Programmierung beruhender Algorithmus zu verstehen, werden eingeführt. - 100 neue Übungsaufgaben und 28 neue Problemstellungen ergänzt. Umfangreiches Dozentenmaterial (auf englisch) ist über die Website des US-Verlags verfügbar.
Measurements of Nuclear Level Densities and Gamma-Ray Strength Functions and their Interpretations (2002)

A method to extract primary $γ$-ray spectra from particle-$γ$ coincidences at excitation energies up to the neutron binding energy is described. From these spectra, the level density and $γ$-ray strength function can be determined. From the level density, several thermodynamical quantities are obtained within the microcanonical and canonical ensemble. Also models for the $γ$-ray strength function are discussed.
All-Optical Switching in Distributed-Feedback Multiple-Quantum Well Waveguides (1998)

In this paper we report our work on the development of a distributed-feedback (DFB), multiple quantum-well (MQW) waveguide which has demonstrated the potential of this structure for all-optical device applications in the field of telecommunication. This work has led to the achievement of all-optical switching, between forward and backward propagation directions, with control energy of 1 pJ, recovery time of 0.6 ns and on-off ratio of 17dB, at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. 1 The device is based on the nonlinear displacement of its grating stop-band and is suited for monolithic integration with other photonic devices, such as semiconductor optical amplifiers.
Inhibition of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion by Testosterone in Men Requires Aromatization for Its Pituitary But Not Its Hypothalamic Effects: Evidence from the Tandem Study of Normal and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Deficient Men (2007)

1) T and E2 have independent effects on LH. 2) Inhibition of LH by T requires aromatization for its pituitary, but not hypothalamic effects. 3) E2 negative feedback on LH occurs at the hypothalamus.
Graphene Hydrogels: Functionalized Graphene Hydrogel‐Based High‐Performance Supercapacitors (Adv. Mater. 40/2013) (2013)

Three-dimensional porous graphene frameworks functionalized with redox molecules can be used for the fabrication of highly flexible solid-state supercapacitors as demonstrated by Xiangfeng Duan and co-workers on page 5779. These devices reveal superior capacitive performances and extraordinary mechanical flexibility. The cover design is by Nathan Weiss.
A proposed hardware fault simulation engine (1991)

Fault simulation is a essential part of the design cycle and for large circuits it can be very time consuming. The authors examine the possibility of hardware acceleration of this process, especially that of sequential circuits. In order to achieve this, the architecture of a pipelined hardware simulation accelerator, the MANchester Simulation Engine (MANSE), is examined. Finally, the modifications necessary to make MANSE capable of fault simulation are considered. >
Table S8 from Lentiviral-Driven Discovery of Cancer Drug Resistance Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Results of LentiMutate on KRAS-G12C cDNA and AMG 510 in the H358 cell line. Values shown are the averages of two biological replicates. The fold enrichment of "All nucleotides" is the sum of substitution rates for all nucleotides in the with doxycycline replicates divided by the sum of substitution rates for all nucleotides without doxycycline (parental) at one nucleotide position. Nucleotide w/ max error refers to the highest substitution rate for a single nucleotide at one nucleotide position.&lt;/p&gt;
Rate of CO2 absorption of a phase‐separation absorbent (2019)

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the CO 2 absorption characteristics of a phase‐separation amine absorbent. The phase‐separation absorbent consists of a 30:60:10 (by weight percent) mixture of 2‐(ethylamino)ethanol, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and water. The CO 2 absorption rate of the phase‐separation absorbent was measured in a lab‐scale counter flow absorber. In addition, the CO 2 transport phenomena in the absorber were analyzed by performing model fitting. The experimental results revealed that the CO 2 absorption rates are different before and after phase separation. In fact, the overall CO 2 absorption capacity coefficient after phase separation is 4.5 times higher than that obtained before phase separation. By changing the gas‐liquid ratio, we obtained a CO 2 recovery ratio of over 80% using the model. Thus, the absorption temperature, CO 2 loading, and gas‐liquid ratio can be tuned to obtain the desired CO 2 recovery ratio.
Microstructural and electromechanical comparison of different piezoelectric PZT based single fibers and their 1&#x2013;3 composites (2010)

In this work, single PbZrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> fibers were produced by a thermoplastic extrusion process. Afterwards, green fibers were sintered under PbO and PbZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> +ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> atmosphere and revealed single fibers and their 1-3 composites were analyzed and compared regarding electromechanical properties. The 1-3 composites show a higher coercive field. Microstructure of the sintered fibers and phase compositions across their diameter were investigated as well.
Theoretical Investigation of the Integrated Optical Effect Produced by Sound Fields Radiated from Plane Piston Transducers (1969)

An expression, valid in the Raman-Nath region, is derived for the integrated optical effect experienced by a light beam traversing the sound field of a plane piston transducer of arbitrary shape. Specific results for circular and rectangular transducers are discussed. Of particular interest is the optical effect produced by a square transducer aligned so that the light beam propagates in a direction parallel to one of the diagonals. In this case, the integrated optical effect is nearly constant over a fairly large region in space, suggesting the possibility of using this configuration to make absorption measurements.
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Methylene Blue: Reaction Mechanism and Aspects of Chain Structure (2021)

The kinetic regularities of the initial stage of chemical oxidative polymerization of methylene blue under the action of ammonium peroxodisulfate in an aqueous medium have been established by the method of potentiometry. It was shown that the methylene blue polymerization mechanism includes the stages of chain initiation and growth. It was found that the rate of the initial stage of the reaction obeys the kinetic equation of the first order with the activation energy 49 kJ × mol<sup>-1</sup>. Based on the proposed mechanism of oxidative polymerization of methylene blue and the data of MALDI, EPR, and IR spectroscopy methods, the structure of the polymethylene blue chain is proposed. It has been shown that polymethylene blue has a metallic luster, and its electrical conductivity is probably the result of conjugation over extended chain sections and the formation of charge transfer complexes. It was found that polymethylene blue is resistant to heating up to a temperature of 440 K and then enters into exothermic transformations without significant weight loss. When the temperature rises above 480 K, polymethylene blue is subject to endothermic degradation and retains 75% of its mass up to 1000 K.
ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and Learning: The Cutting Edge—Educational Innovation, Disability Law, and Civil Rights (2016)

This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and Learning ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online ConfChem held from May 8 to June 4, 2015. Mr. Paul Grossman, Chief Regional Attorney (retired), Office of Civil Rights, United States Department of Education, succinctly places the development of American disability rights protections and principles within the broader context of race, sex, and national origin civil rights laws in the United States. Starting with the Emancipation Proclamation and ending with the revolutionary changes in education heralded by technology, Mr. Grossman’s guide provides a background to understanding the modern evolution of disability law and how it relates to accessibility in education. The resulting discussion included resources for learning about how to make education technology accessible, the use of screen readers for reading chemistry content, how to design interactive simulations with accessibility in mind, and experiences of students with disabilities and their teachers.
ChemInform Abstract: Iriomoteolides‐10a and 12a, Cytotoxic Macrolides from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium Species. (2016)

Abstract The cytotoxicity of the newly isolated compounds is examined.
Predicting Congressional Votes Based on Campaign Finance Data (2012)

The USA is witnessing a heavy debate about the influence of political campaign contributions and votes cast on the floor of the United States Congress. We contribute quantitative arguments to this predominantly qualitative discussion by analyzing a dataset of political campaign contributions. We validate that the campaign donations of politicians are mainly influenced by his or her political power and affiliation to a political party. Approaching the question of whether donations influence votes, we employ supervised learning techniques to classify how a politician will vote based solely upon from whom he or she received donations. The statistical significance of the results are assessed within the context of the debate currently surrounding campaign finance reform. Our experimental findings exhibit a large predictive power of the donations, demonstrating high informativeness of the donations with respect to voting outcomes. However, observing the slightly superior accuracy of the party line as a predictor, a causal relationship between donations and votes cannot be identified.
Disorders in Onion Shipments to the New York Market, 1972-1984 (1986)

Mise au point concernant les principales maladies et alterations et leurs frequences d'apparition au cours du dechargement des oranges, pamplemousses et citrons au niveau des ports maritimes fournissant les marches de New York. Elaboration d'une base de donnees regroupant ces resultats
A Three‐component Cascade Cyclization to Construct 3‐(2‐Oxopropyl)‐2‐arylisoindolinone Derivatives via Copper‐catalyzed Annulation (2018)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of a variety of poly‐substituted isoindolinone derivatives via copper‐catalyzed three‐component cascade cyclization among 2‐formylbenzonitriles, alkyl aryl ketones/prop‐1‐en‐2‐ylbenzene and diaryliodonium salts is achieved. Various isoindolinone derivatives could be obtained in good to excellent yields. A concise synthesis of dihydroisoindolo[2,1‐ a ]quinolin‐11(5 H )‐ones have been achieved using this method. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐CC‐1065 and ent‐(‐)‐CC‐1065. (1988)

Abstract The racemic protected left‐hand segment (II) of the title compounds (V) is prepared in 9 steps from (I).
Reproducibility of MDM2 and CDK4 Staining in Soft Tissue Tumors (2006)

MDM2 and CDK4 immunostaining can be useful adjuncts in diagnosing liposarcoma among soft tissue neoplasms. We examined the reproducibility of MDM2 and CDK4 staining between 2 laboratories and between tissue microarrays and whole tissue sections. Sixty-two soft tissue tumors were immunostained at the Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France, and the Curie Institute, Paris, France. We also examined 203 soft tissue neoplasms on standard tissue sections and tissue microarrays. There was high concordance of results obtained from the 2 laboratories (with 2 different pathologists) for MDM2 (kappa, 0.93) and CDK4 (kappa, 0.8) staining. There also was excellent concordance between results on tissue microarray and on whole tissue sections for MDM2 (kappa, 0.80) and CDK4 (kappa, 0.93). Immunostaining for MDM2 and CDK4 is a reproducible technique that may be exported to different laboratories for routine use. Tissue microarray is indicated for studying large series.
Personalised email tools: a solution to email overload? (2014)

The stress resulting from the daily demands of email exchange and management has been labelled email overload. The extent to which individuals are affected by email overload has much to do with personal, cultural, and contextual differences. However, in general people are inefficient at dealing with email and could potentially reduce the stress associated with it if they changed their behaviour. In this paper, we review some of the strategies offered in the literature, as well as some email tools that have been developed to help people manage their inboxes. We point out the benefits and disadvantages of them, suggesting that adaptive approaches might be more effective at facilitating email behaviour changes than fixed one-size-fits-all solutions. We argue that the adaptation should be the result of personalisation (controlled by the system) and customisation (controlled by the user) because these processes support behaviour change in different ways.
The Ceramic Waste Form Process at Idaho National Laboratory (2008)

The treatment of spent nuclear fuel for disposition using an electrometallurgical technique results in two high-level waste forms: a ceramic waste form (CWF) and a metal waste form (MWF). The CWF is a composite of sodalite and glass, which stabilizes the active fission products (alkali, alkaline earths, and rare earths) and transuranic (TRU) elements. Reactive metal fuel constituents, including all the TRU metals and the majority of the fission products remain in the salt as chlorides and are processed into the CWF. The solidified salt is containerized and transferred to the CWF process where it is ground in an argon atmosphere. Zeolite 4A is dried in a mechanically-fluidized dryer to about 0.1 wt% moisture and ground to a particle-size range of 45µ to 250µ. The salt and zeolite are mixed in a V-mixer and heated to 500°C for about 18 hours. During this process, the salt occludes into the structure of the zeolite. The salt-loaded zeolite (SLZ) is cooled and then mixed with borosilicate glass frit with a comparable particle-size range. The SLZ/glass mixture is transferred to a crucible, which is placed in a furnace and heated to 925°C. During this process, known as pressureless consolidation, the zeolite is converted to the final sodalite form and the glass thoroughly encapsulates the sodalite, producing a dense, leach-resistant final waste form. During the last several years, changes have occurred to the process, including: particle size of input materials and conversion from hot isostatic pressing to pressureless consolidation, This paper is intended to provide the current status of the CWF process focusing on the adaptation to pressureless consolidation. Discussions will include impacts of particle size on final waste form and the pressureless consolidation cycle. A model will be presented that shows the heating and cooling cycles and the effect of radioactive decay heat on the amount of fission products that can be incorporated into the CWF.