gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Pressure Nanofiltration with Adsorption As Pretreatment In Tertiary Wastewater Treatment for Reuse (2003)

In this study, the effect of pre-treatment of flocculation followed by adsorption on the performance of nanofiltration (NF) was investigated using biologically treated sewage effluent and synthetic wastewater. The organic rejection and permeate flux were studied using a nanofilter module (NTR-729HF: Nitto Denko Corp., negative surface electric charge, polyvinylalcohol material, and 0.44 nm pore size) operated at a low pressure. Long term NF experiments were conducted with synthetic wastewater. The crossflow NF results indicated that the operation at low pressure of 150 kPa and 300 kPa was feasible without permeate flux decline (at 0.06 and 0.175 m3/m2•d, respectively) for 50 days. The TOC removal efficiency was approximately 92%. A detailed study conducted with biologically treated sewage effluent indicated that the pretreatment of flocculation followed by adsorption improved the normalized flux (J/J0) from 0.69 to 0.99 and the TOC removal efficiency from 78 % to 88%.
Modified Routes to the “Designer” Surfactant PQS (2012)

Described herein are newly developed, straightforward entries to polyethyleneglycol ubiquinol succinate (PQS, n = 2), a designer surfactant that serves as precursor to micelle-forming, covalently bound catalysts for a variety of transformations in water with in-flask catalyst recycling.
Transparent Displays: Skin‐Like Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Transparent Displays (Adv. Funct. Mater. 34/2016) (2016)

On page 6170, S.-H. K. Park, K. J. Lee, and co-workers demonstrate the construction of high-performance, flexible, and transparent oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) by using an inorganic-based laser lift-off process. The 50 × 50 indium zinc oxide TFT arrays, fabricated on glass substrates, are transferred to ultrathin plastic substrates without structural damage. This method has great potential for realizing next-generation flexible transparent displays.
Commutation Failure Reduction in HVDC Systems Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (2007)

The use of fuzzy logic controllers to improve the performance of HVDC systems under various faults and operating point changes has been well-documented. Recent research has shown that the optimal membership function width in a fuzzy controller is different for different system events (such as current order change or fault). This paper proposes an adaptive approach to designing a fuzzy logic controller for HVDC systems. Simulation data are used to create a look-up table for the fuzzy control system. Based on the operating point and the type and location of fault, the output of the table indicates the membership function width to be used in the fuzzy controller to obtain the best results (i.e., the lowest number of commutation failures). This paper presents the best controllers for nine faults at 27 operating points for the CIGRE benchmark HVDC system, but more importantly, uses trends to develop a method for finding these optimal controllers for other systems without the need for exhaustive simulation of each possibility.
Multisensor based fully autonomous non-cooperative collision avoidance system for UAVs (2008)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles will have a safe access to the Civil Airspace only when they will be able to avoid collisions even with non cooperative flying obstacles. Thus, they need to replace the capability of human eye to detect potential mid-air collisions with other airframes and the pilot experience to find an adequate avoidance trajectory. This thesis deals with development and test of a fully autonomous system devoted to avoidance of non cooperative intruders. In particular, it focuses on sensors, and processing logics and hardware, required on the unmanned system to acquire situational awareness. The study was carried out in collaboration with the Italian Aerospace Research Center within a research project named TECVOL, funded in the frame of National Aerospace Research Program. The performed activities covered all the steps in the development process from the analysis of requirements deriving from the application, to the real time implementation of designed logics. Designed prototype system is based on a multi-sensor architecture with a Ka-band pulsed radar as the main sensor, and four electro-optical cameras as aiding sensors. Proper logics and algorithms for real time sensor fusion have been developed, tested in off-line simulations, and later implemented on embedded systems to enable technology flight demonstration. Numerical results and flight data have shown the potential of the developed system. Also on the basis of the international scenario, this technology demonstration has gained a significant scientific value.
Experimental demonstration of E×B plasma divertor (1978)

The E×B drift due to an applied radial electric field in a tokamak with poloidal divertor can speed the flow of plasma out of the scrape-off region, and provide a means of externally controlling the flow rate and thus the width of the density fall-off. An experiment in the Wisconsin levitated toroidal octupole, using E×B drifts alone, demonstrates divertor-like behavior, including 70% reduction of plasma density near the wall and 40% reduction of plasma flux to the wall, with no adverse effects on confinement of the main plasma.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option for a Location-by-Reference (LbyR) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (2007)

This document creates a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Option for the Location-by-Reference (LbyR) Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI) of an endpoint. For example, an endpoint can be a
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agent Client (UAC), i.e., a
phone. This LbyR URI can be included in a UA's messages to inform
other nodes of that UA's geographic location, once the URI is
dereferenced by a Location Recipient.
Fouling in a Centritherm Evaporator With Whey Solutions (2009)

Fouling caused by sweet cheese whey and reconstituted whey powder solutions was studied in a Centritherm evaporator, with the behavior being estimated by measuring the change in the overall heat transfer coefficients with the time. It was found that there was no fouling detectable for the reconstituted whey powder solution. For sweet cheese whey, the fouling rate was strongly linked with the evaporating temperature and temperature difference. Visual observation showed that the deposit layer on the evaporator surface was very thin and soft, and like the type A milk deposit described by other investigators. A high velocity of liquid film delayed the formation of deposit on the surface. Some interactions between the evaporation temperature, feed flow rate, rotating speed, and temperature difference are discussed. The fouling is caused by denaturation of bovine serum albumin following a second-order rate reaction.
Dynamic tire forces in vehicles with semi-active suspensions (2004)

Assessment of vehicle tire forces is important in problems related to the structural health monitoring of highway bridges, damage to road pavements, design of suspensions, and road safety issues. In this paper, the effects of using semi-active control strategies, such as MR dampers, in vehicle suspensions on the dynamic tire forces are examined for the development of smart suspension systems for pavement- and bridge-friendly vehicles. The vehicle dynamics is described by a general linear MDOF model with multiple contacts (i.e., a multiple-axle vehicle) with the road. It is assumed that the tires are always in contact with the road surface. In particular, we are interested in the evaluation of the tire forces due to a harmonic excitation. A technique is developed to analytically assess the magnitude of the resulting tire force in the case of a passive suspension. Although the technique discussed cannot directly be applied to the calculation of tire forces in vehicles with controlled suspensions, it can efficiently be used for design purposes, which is demonstrated by an example of a semi-active suspension based on the sky-hook control. The discussion is amply illustrated by numerical examples.
Proteomic Profiling Identifies PTK2/FAK as a Driver of Radioresistance in HPV-negative Head and Neck Cancer (2016)

Proteomic analysis identified PTK2/FAK overexpression is a biomarker of radioresistance in locally advanced HNSCC, and PTK2/FAK inhibition radiosensitized HNSCC cells. Combinations of PTK2/FAK inhibition with radiotherapy merit further evaluation as a therapeutic strategy for improving local control in HPV-negative HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4643-50. ©2016 AACR.
Ghostbusters for Batteries (2022)

End-of-life lithium-ion batteries are Class 9 hazardous materials due to flammability of electrolyte and lithium. It is why the transportation cost ranges from $2.49/kg - $7.20/kg for civilian and defense disposition, that is over 50% of the cost of recycling. Damaged batteries have many times greater transportation cost. Dead batteries require costly bunker-storage that occupies real estate and personnel that could be used for productive purposes. Insurance is expensive and accidents are almost assured even with relatively low volumes of waste. Tipping fees on top of this adds an unpredictable, inflated cost for the EV industry, which is very cost sensitive for survival. Transforming lithium-ion into a class of non-hazardous material reduces transportation cost to $0.10/kg, providing a value opportunity of ~$2/kg to ~$6/kg for civilian and defense disposition respectively. OnTo can eliminate the risk of thermal runaway with a brief, non-toxic treatment to eliminate flammability and toxic risks in most any battery, except Pb, which is inherently toxic. With the service, OnTo also can provide rigorous certainty that cells are rendered inert. OnTo’s patented and patent pending deactivation technology improves the cost and safety for disposition of end-of-life lithium-ion battery packs and cells. Deactivation uses non-toxic chemical processing to remove inherent risks in lithium-ion and other primary and secondary chemistries. The technology has been demonstrated and developed through DOE contract with OnTo Technology LLC (EE0008475).
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Prevents Colorectal Cancer: From the Bench to the Bed Side (2005)

Cancer is predicted to become the leading cause of death--surpassing heart disease--by the end of this decade. Colorectal cancer is a major health concern, with more than 1,000,000 new cases and 500,000 deaths expected worldwide per year. There is much evidence to suggest a link between the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). The consumption of NSAIDs is not problem free, and the number of deaths due to NSAIDs equals the number of deaths from AIDS or leukemia. Therefore, although chemoprevention of CRC is possible, drugs that have more acceptable side effect profiles than the currently available NSAIDs are required. Since up to 50% of polyps and 85% of colonic tumors in humans overexpress cyclooxygenase (COX-2), COX-2 inhibitors are an ideal drug candidate for CRC prevention or treatment.
The DAO Gene Is Associated with Schizophrenia and Interacts with Other Genes in the Taiwan Han Chinese Population (2013)

These results suggest that DAO, which is involved in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor regulation, signaling and glutamate metabolism, is the master gene of the genetic associations and interactions underlying schizophrenia. Besides, the interaction between DAO and RASD2 has provided an insight in integrating the glutamate and dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia.
Use of vibration ods for structural integrity assessment of large engineering structures (2016)

Operating deflection shape (ODS) is a proven technique in vibration analysis - often used for machines and structures. This paper reviews practical difficulties in the use of vibration ODS in fault diagnosis and structural integrity assessment of large engineering structures. The challenges are inherent in the number of measurement locations over large distances for which phase matched measurements are required where the structure is often subjected to varying load conditions with multiple excitation sources at different locations. Using a case study of a large concrete structure supporting a polymerization rector in a petrochemical plant, the paper describes procedures used in site measurements to obtain ODS undertaken to identify likely causes of vibration. This was followed by structural integrity assessment of the structure using finite element analysis collaborated with the actual measured experimental modal analysis of the structure. The challenge was to identify root causes correlated to process operations, and assessment of structural integrity of the structure. Results of the ODS were used to validate Finite Element Analysis of the structure. Using the validated FEA model, dynamic response and stresses in the structure were obtained for structural integrity assessment. The FEA predictions showed likely locations of high stress which were consistent with actual damage and incipient failure locations in the real structure.
Inhalation of activated protein C inhibits endotoxin‐induced pulmonary inflammation in mice independent of neutrophil recruitment (2006)

rhAPC inhalation significantly diminished LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. The benefit of inhaled rhAPC appeared not to involve attenuation of neutrophil recruitment, in contrast to its effects after intravenous administration.
Studies towards the Taming of the ‘Carbocation’ in the Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides to Allylic Alcohols (2010)

Regioselective isomerisation of epoxides to allylic alcohols can be achieved using p-toluenesulfonic acid in the presence of 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one.
Optical Design of a Common-Aperture Camera for Infrared Guided Polarization Imaging (2022)

Polarization and infrared imaging technology have unique advantages for various applications ranging from biology to ocean remote sensing. However, conventional combined polarization camera and infrared camera have limitations because they are constrained to single-band imaging systems with rotating polarizers and cascaded optics. Therefore, we propose a common-aperture mode based on multi-band infrared guided polarization imaging system (IGPIS) in this paper, which consists of infrared wide-area sensing and polarization features acquisition for accurate detection of ship targets. The IGPIS can provide images in visible polarization (0.45–0.76 μm), near-infrared polarization (0.76–0.9 μm), and long-wave infrared (8–12 μm) bands. Satellite attitude parameters and camera optical parameters are accurately calculated by establishing a dynamic imaging model for guidance imaging. We illustrate the imaging principle, sensors specifications and imaging performance analysis and the experimental results show that the MTF is 0.24 for visible and near-infrared, and 0.13 for long-wave infrared. The obtained multi-band images have an average gradient of 12.77 after accurate fusion. These results provide theoretical guidance for the design of common-aperture cameras in remote sensing imaging field.
Bugscope: a Sustainable Web-Based Telemicroscopy Project for K-12 Classrooms (1999)

Abstract Bugscope is a new educational project in the World Wide Laboratory. The World Wide Laboratory provides Web browser based control of scientific imaging instrumentation using the Internet [1]. Providing K-12 classrooms with web based remote access to sophisticated scientific imaging systems was initially demonstrated by us in 1996 in the Chickscope project [2,3]. Chickscope allowed students to study chicken embryo development using a remotely controlled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system from their classrooms. While the Chickscope project was highly successful, the resources required to provide operational support for the remote imaging aspects of the project for a small number of classrooms were enormous and the project was not sustainable. The Bugscope project builds on the methods developed and the lessons learned from the Chickscope project. The primary goal is to demonstrate that relatively low cost, sustainable access to an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can be made available to K-12 classrooms to examine arthropods. Methods: Classrooms use a standard web browser over the Internet to control and acquire images from a Philips XL-30FEG ESEM. The architecture to support remote acquisition is shown in fig. 1. The client/server control architecture for the ESEM remote control server is based on the emScope control library [4].
Treatment planning and delivery of shell dose distribution for precision irradiation (2010)

The motivation for shell dose irradiation is to deliver a high therapeutic dose to the surrounding supplying blood-vessels of a lesion. Our approach's main utility is in enabling laboratory experiments to test the much disputed hypothesis about tumor vascular damage. That is, at high doses, tumor control is driven by damage to the tumor vascular supply and not the damage to the tumor cells themselves. There is new evidence that bone marrow derived cells can reconstitute tumor blood vessels in mice after irradiation. Shell dosimetry is also of interest to study the effect of radiation on neurogenic stem cells that reside in small niche surface of the mouse ventricles, a generalized form of shell. The type of surface that we are considering as a shell is a sphere which is created by intersection of cylinders. The results are then extended to create the contours of different organ shapes. Specifically, we present a routine to identify the 3-D structure of a mouse brain, project it into 2-D contours and convert the contours into trajectories that can be executed by our platform. We use the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to demonstrate the dose delivery procedure. The SARRP is a portable system for precision irradiation with beam sizes down to 0.5 mm and optimally planned radiation with on-board cone-beam CT guidance.
Evaluation of microarray surfaces and arraying parameters for autoantibody profiling (2008)

Autoantigen microarrays are being used increasingly to study autoimmunity. Significant variation has been observed when comparing microarray surfaces, printing methods, and probing conditions. In the present study, 24 surfaces and several arraying parameters were analyzed using >500 feature autoantigen microarrays printed with quill pins. A small subset of slides, including FAST, PATH, and SuperEpoxy2, performed well while maintaining the sensitivity and specificity of autoantigen microarrays previously demonstrated by our laboratory. By optimizing the major variables in our autoantigen microarray platform, subtle differences in serum samples can be identified that will shed light on disease pathogenesis.
Effects of Asparagopsis taxiformis metabolites on the feeding behaviour of post‐larval Acanthurus triostegus (2019)

Our study highlights the effect of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on the feeding behaviour of the tropical surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. The presence of A. taxiformis chemical cues reduced A. triostegus feeding, suggesting that the presence of this algae could affect not only the survival of fish in the post-larval stage, but also alter the grazing pressure on coral reefs.
How to Regulate Emotion? Neural Networks for Reappraisal and Distraction (2010)

The regulation of emotion is vital for adaptive behavior in a social environment. Different strategies may be adopted to achieve successful emotion regulation, ranging from attentional control (e.g., distraction) to cognitive change (e.g., reappraisal). However, there is only scarce evidence comparing the different regulation strategies with respect to their neural mechanisms and their effects on emotional experience. We, therefore, directly compared reappraisal and distraction in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with emotional pictures. In the distraction condition participants performed an arithmetic task, while they reinterpreted the emotional situation during reappraisal to downregulate emotional intensity. Both strategies were successful in reducing subjective emotional state ratings and lowered activity in the bilateral amygdala. Direct contrasts, however, showed a stronger decrease in amygdala activity for distraction when compared with reappraisal. While both strategies relied on common control areas in the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex was selectively activated for reappraisal. In contrast, the dorsal anterior cingulate and large clusters in the parietal cortex were active in the distraction condition. Functional connectivity patterns of the amygdala activation confirmed the roles of these specific activations for the 2 emotion regulation strategies.
Radioprotection In Vitro and In Vivo by Minicircle Plasmid Carrying the Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Transgene (2008)

Manganese superoxide dismutase plasmid liposomes (MnSOD-PL) confer organ-specific in vivo ionizing irradiation protection. To prepare for potential intravenous clinical trials of systemic MnSOD-PL for radioprotection in humans, plasmid and bacterial sequences were removed and a new minicircle construct was tested. Minicircle MnSOD was purified and then cotransfected into 32D cl 3 murine interleukin-3-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cells along with another plasmid carrying the neo gene. Cells were selected in G418 (50 microg/ml) and cloned by limiting dilution. Biochemical analysis of minicircle MnSOD-transfected cells showed an MnSOD biochemical activity level of 5.8 +/- 0.5 U/mg compared with 2.7 +/- 0.1 U/mg for control 32D cl 3 cells (p = 0.0039). 32D-mc-MnSOD cells were as radioresistant as full-length MnSOD-PL transgene-expressing 2C6 cells, relative to 32D cl 3 parent cells, with an increased shoulder on the radiation survival curve (n = 4.8 +/- 0.2 and n = 4.6 +/- 0.2, respectively, compared with 1.5 +/- 0.5 for 32D cl 3 cells; p = 0.007). C57BL/6NHsd mice received intraoral mc-MnSOD-PL, mc-DsRed-PL control, full-length MnSOD-PL, or blank-PL and then were irradiated 24 hr later with 31 Gy to the esophagus. Mice receiving mc-MnSOD-PL showed increased survival compared with control mice or mice treated with mc-DsRed-PL (p = 0.0003 and 0.039, respectively), and comparable to full-length MnSOD-PL. Intravenous, systemic administration of mc-MnSOD-PL protected mice from total body irradiation (9.75 Gy). Therefore, minicircle DNA containing the human MnSOD transgene confers undiminished radioprotection in vitro and in vivo.