gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A medical, description logic based, ontology for skin lesion images (2008)

Researchers have portrayed an increasing effort towards providing formal computational frameworks to consolidate the plethora of notions and relations used in the medical domain. Despite the fact that there are many reasons for this, the need for standardization of protocols and terminology is critical, not only for the provision of uniform levels of health care, but also to facilitate medical science research. In the domain of skin lesions, the variability of semantic features contained within images is major among the barriers to the medical understanding of the symptoms and development of early skin cancers. Such variability is acknowledged across specialist fields of medicine, motivating standardization of terminologies for reporting medical practice. The desideratum of making these standards machine-readable has led to their formalization in the form of ontologies. Ontologies are computational artifacts designed to provide semantic representations of a particular domain of interest. Such a representation can be encoded and reused, allowing navigation of the key concepts recorded and retrieval of information indexed against it. This fact bridges the required standardization gap by offering a set of labeling options to record observations and events encountered by medical experts. Given the twin goals of ontologies - representation and standardization - the present paper deals with the creation of an ontology for skin lesion images, encoded using Description Logic in OWL format, which can be used for decision support systems that operate on a classification basis. The declarative framework within which ontologies are encoded can transcend any specific application context and help dermatologists perform semantic inference on skin lesion images. Furthermore, extensions are easier to be accomplished and new classes can be straightforwardly incorporated.
Heteroarene‐tethered Functionalized Alkyne Metamorphosis (2020)

Heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes are multipotent synthons in organic chemistry. This detailed Review described herein offers a thorough discussion of the metamorphosis of heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes, an area which has earned much attention over the past decade in the straightforward synthesis of architecturally complex heterocyclic scaffolds in atom and step economic manner. Depending upon the variety of functionalized alkynes, this Review is divided into multiple sections. Amongst the vast array of synthetic transformations covered, dearomatizing spirocyclizations and cascade spirocyclization/rearrangement are of great interest. Synthetic transformations involving the heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes with scope, challenges, limitations, mechanism, their application in the total synthesis of natural products and future perceptions are surveyed.
Hybrid Beamforming With Sub-Connected Structure for MmWave Massive Multi-User MIMO Relay Systems (2022)

In this paper, we investigate the hybrid beamforming design with sub-connected structure for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems. Considering the constant-modulus and block-diagonal constraints, an iterative algorithm is proposed to sequentially design the analog beamforming of the base station, relay, and users. Next, the relay baseband combiner is designed by transforming the highly complicated non-convex mutual information maximization problem into an easily tractable weighted minimum mean squared error one. To mitigate the inter-user interference, a successive serial interference cancellation based and a piecewise successive approximation based methods are developed for the uniform sparse distribution and dense distribution scenarios, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the two proposed hybrid beamforming schemes can achieve good performance in terms of sum-rate and energy efficiency, and outperform benchmarks significantly. In addition, the two proposed schemes are shown to be robust to imperfect channel state information (CSI), even though they are studied based on perfect CSI.
Independence of the Final Catalyst Activity Profile on the Details of Reactant Admission (2015)

It is shown analytically, based on pulse-response experiments, that under special conditions the activity profile of a prepared catalytic system depends only on the total amount of admitted substance. This property, previously found computationally, is here established mathematically for porous and nonporous catalysts in different pulse reactors.
The X(-Band) Files: An X-Band Microstrip Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with Wideband Tuning Range (2015)

Signal sources are essential devices for radar and communication systems. The demand for oscillators has existed for very long time. In 1888, Heinrich Hertz introduced the first known oscillator to prove Maxwell's equations experimentally [1]. He used a dipole as the frequency determining structure and a spark-gap generator as the signal source. His invention signaled the birth of wireless communications because Hertz confirmed the existence of electromagnetic radiation which was postulated by Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell.
The coordination chemistry of 1,2,4-triazinyl bipyridines with lanthanide(iii) elements – implications for the partitioning of americium(iii) (2003)

It has been established that 6-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2′-bipyridines (R,hemi-BTPs) have properties which are intermediate between those of the terpyridines and the bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridines (BTPs). However, they resemble the terpyridines much more closely than the BTPs. It has been shown that Et,hemi-BTP when dissolved in TPH—a dodecane-like solvent—is a selective reagent for the separation of americium(III) from europium(III). Solution NMR in acetonitrile largely confirmed the crystallographic results. There was no evidence for a 1 ∶ 3 complex cation, or for significant differences between metal(III)–N distances for the pyridine and 1,2,4-triazine rings. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the formation of metal coordination spheres, which explains the differences between the terpyridyl, R,hemi-BTPs and the BTPs. Protonation of the R,hemi-BTPs facilitates a conformational change which is necessary for complexation.
Aerosol Backscatter at 1.06, 0.53 and 1.54 µM (1991)

The Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) was intended to provide data on prevailing values of atmospheric backscatter cross section. The primary intent was predicting the performance of space borne lidar systems, most notably the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) for EOS. A second and related goal was to understand the source and characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. For remote ocean locations, and the Southern hemisphere in general, a significant lack of knowledge exists. The major components of the experiment were flight surveys throughout the Pacific region by the NASA DC-8 aircraft. A lidar system was operated on the missions to obtain aerosol backscatter cross section at the fundamental and doubled Nd:YAG laser wavelengths of 1.064 an 0.532 µ m and, in addition, at a wavelength of 1.54 µ m. The system was the first operational lidar at the one-and-a-half micron wavelength region. Coherent doppler lidar at near IR wavelengths is currently under development. Advantages of one-and-a-half micron lidar is eye safe operation and increased sensitivity to aerosol characteristics. The GLOBE flights were carried out in November 1989 and May-June 1990. In this paper we will discuss measurement techniques and initial results.
A Ki-1 (CD30)-positive human cell line (Karpas 299) established from a high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, showing a 2;5 translocation and rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene (1988)

We describe the characterization of a new human cell line, Karpas 299 (K299), established from blast cells in the peripheral blood of a 25-year-old white man. His illness, which began with enlarged occipital and axillary nodes and weight loss, ended after 7 months with generalized lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, and bone marrow involvement. A lymph node biopsy showed a large cell lymphoma mainly sinusoidal in distribution. The blast cells with pleomorphic nuclei resembled primitive histiocytes. The cells, which expressed the T-cell-associated markers CD4 and CD5, were positive for HLA-DR, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD30 (Ki-1 antigen). The karyotype was aneuploid and included a translocation 2;5. The site of translocation on chromosome 5 (at 5q35.1) is in the region of the locus of the c-fms oncogene (receptor of the monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor MCSF or CSF-1). The cell line Karpas 299 has the same karyotype and pattern of antigen expression as the patient's cells. Northern blot analysis of RNA showed an active rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene. This is to our knowledge the first Ki-1 antigen-positive line to be established from a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Potential of a recombinant Schistosoma bovis-derived glutathione S-transferase to protect cattle against experimental and natural S. mattheei infection (1997)

The potential of a recombinant Schistosoma bovis-derived glutathione S-transferase (rSb28GST) to protect cattle against S. mattheei infection was tested in Zambia. All animals were challenged 2 weeks after the second inoculation with either 0.250 mg rSb28GST in adjuvants (vaccinated calves, n = 14) or adjuvants alone (controls, n = 14). In a first experiment, 7 vaccinated and 7 control animals were exposed to 10000 S. mattheei cercariae percutaneously. All animals developed clinical schistosomiasis 7-8 weeks after challenge. At perfusion, 12 weeks after challenge, vaccinated and control groups had averages of 887 and 541 eggs per gramme (epg) faeces, 6515 and 5990 worms, and 4.2 and 3.4 million tissue eggs, respectively. These results indicate that the immunization protocol used did not protect these calves against the massive single experimental challenge. In a second experiment, another 2 groups (n = 7) of vaccinated and control animals were challenged naturally over a period of 9 months on a farm known to be endemic for S. mattheei. The natural infections were much lighter in intensity, as indicated by the mean faecal egg count (13 epg), worm count (139) and tissue egg count (294000) in non-vaccinated controls. In vaccinated calves, significant reductions in female worm burdens (50%), faecal egg count (89%) and miracidial counts (93%) were recorded. Total tissue egg counts were also reduced by 42% in vaccinated animals. It therefore appears that the rSb28GST can provide significant protection in cattle against S. mattheei under conditions of low to moderate natural infection.
RIFLE: An Architectural Framework for User-Centric Information-Flow Security (2005)

Even as modern computing systems allow the manipulation and distribution of massive amounts of information, users of these systems are unable to manage the confidentiality of their data in a practical fashion. Conventional access control security mechanisms cannot prevent the illegitimate use of privileged data once access is granted. For example, information provided by a user during an online purchase may be covertly delivered to malicious third parties by an untrustworthy web browser. Existing information-flow security mechanisms do provide this assurance, but only for programmer-specified policies enforced during program development as a static analysis on special-purpose type-safe languages. Not only are these techniques not applicable to many commonly used programs, but they leave the user with no defense against malicious programmers or altered binaries. In this paper, we propose RIFLE, a runtime information-flow security system designed from the user's perspective. By addressing information-flow security using architectural support, RIFLE gives users a practical way to enforce their own information-flow security policy on all programs. We prove that, contrary to statements in the literature, run-time systems like RIFLE are no less secure than existing language-based techniques. Using a model of the architectural framework and a binary translator, we demonstrate RIFLE's correctness and illustrate that the performance cost is reasonable.
Federated Scheduling of Sporadic DAGs on Unrelated Multiprocessors (2021)

This paper presents a federated scheduling algorithm for implicit-deadline sporadic DAGs that execute on an unrelated heterogeneous multiprocessor platform. We consider a global work-conserving scheduler to execute a single DAG exclusively on a subset of the unrelated processors. Formal schedulability analysis to find the makespan of a DAG on its dedicated subset of the processors is proposed. The problem of determining each subset of dedicated unrelated processors for each DAG such that the DAG meets its deadline (i.e., designing the federated scheduling algorithm) is tackled by proposing a novel processors-to-task assignment heuristic using a new concept called processor value . Empirical evaluation is presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Phthalocyanine–Peptide Conjugates: Receptor-Targeting Bifunctional Agents for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2013)

The synthesis of a series of new zinc phthalocyanine-peptide conjugates targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and integrin receptors is reported. Two alternative synthetic methods based on Sonogashira cross-coupling of an iodinated zinc phthalocyanine with acetylenic bombesin or arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) derivatives, either in solution or on solid phase, are presented. The water-soluble conjugates were screened for their photodynamic efficacy against several cancer cell lines expressing different levels of GRP and integrin receptors, and their intracellular localization was evaluated via confocal fluorescence microscopy. Variations in photocytotoxicity between the conjugates correlate to differences in hydrophobicity as well as receptor-mediated cell uptake. In the case of the phthalocyanine-bombesin conjugate, competition experiments confirm the involvement of the GRP receptor in both the phototherapeutic activity as well as intracellular localization. These findings warrant further in vivo studies to evaluate the potential of this conjugate as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers overexpressing the GRP receptor.
Liver Transplantation in the Time of COVID19: Barriers and Ethical Considerations for Management and Next Steps (2020)

The recent outbreak of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID19), has spread globally and affects millions of people. This pandemic has taxed our health care system and disrupted normal operations, even life-saving procedures, such as liver transplants. During these unprecedented times, providers and patients are imperiled and resources for diagnosis and care may be limited. Continuing to perform resource-intense advanced procedures is challenging, as is caring for patients with end-stage liver disease or patients with urgent needs for liver tumor control. Liver transplantation, in particular, requires critical resources, like blood products and critical care beds, which are fairly limited in the COVID19 pandemic. The potential of COVID19 infections in posttransplant recipients on immunosuppression and staff contacts further adds to the complexity. Therefore, transplant programs must reevaluate the ethicality, feasibility, and safety of performing liver transplants during this pandemic. Herein, we discuss the clinical and ethical challenges posed by performing liver transplants and offer guidance for managing patients with end-stage liver disease during the COVID19 pandemic.
Correction for Fang and Casadevall, Competitive Science: Is Competition Ruining Science? (2015)

Volume 83, no. 4, p. [1229–1233][1], 2015. Page 1229, column 1, line 21: “Russell” should read “Alfred Russel Wallace.”

 Page 1230, column 1, line 53: “Russell” should read “Wallace.”

 Page 1230, column 1, line 54: “Russell” should read “Wallace.”

 Page 1230,
In situthree point bending device for measurements of vibrational response of ceramics under stress by microRaman spectroscopy (2012)

An in-situ three point bending device was designed to study the vibrational response of ZrB2+SiC and LaCoO3 ceramics under loading. The developed device was calibrated using four different materials, Al, La0·8Sr0·2Ga0·8Mg0·2O3, La0·8Ca0·2CoO3, and B4C, with prior known properties and the measured stress-strain deformation curves were in excellent agreement with the results published in the literature. The piezo-spectroscopic coefficients of LO and TO SiC Raman bands have been established for ZrB2+10wt%SiC ceramic composite. Several eight hour constant 66 MPa load experiments were performed to estimate if a tensile load would have an effect on vibrational properties of LaCoO3 perovskite.
Testing the double low-IF receiver architecture (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to show through laboratory results, the performance of the new DLIF (double low-IF) receiver architecture. This new approach minimizes the receiver's cost by eliminating the need for RF image-reject and IF-SAW channel filters, avoids some of the shortcomings of direct conversion and single low-IF methods and can be applied in GSM-like mobile stations. Performance results are presented in terms of the frame error rates and residual bit error rates and can thus be compared with GSM specifications.
Spatial crowdsourcing (2017)

Crowdsourcing is a new computing paradigm where humans are actively enrolled to participate in the procedure of computing, especially for tasks that are intrinsically easier for humans than for computers. The popularity of mobile computing and sharing economy has extended conventional web-based crowdsourcing to spatial crowdsourcing (SC), where spatial data such as location, mobility and the associated contextual information, plays a central role. In fact, spatial crowdsourcing has stimulated a series of recent industrial successes including Citizen Sensing (Waze), P2P ride-sharing (Uber) and Real-time Online-To-Offline (O2O) services (Instacart and Postmates). In this tutorial, we review the paradigm shift from web-based crowdsourcing to spatial crowdsourcing. We dive deep into the challenges and techniques brought by the unique spatio-temporal characteristics of spatial crowdsourcing. Particularly, we survey new designs in task assignment, quality control, incentive mechanism design and privacy protection on spatial crowdsourcing platforms, as well as the new trend to incorporate crowdsourcing to enhance existing spatial data processing techniques. We also discuss case studies of representative spatial crowdsourcing systems and raise open questions and current challenges for the audience to easily comprehend the tutorial and to advance this important research area.
Assessment of advanced technologies for relieving urban traffic congestion (1991)

This report presents the results of a study to assess the application of advanced technologies in relieving urban traffic congestion. Technologies have been reviewed in the areas of traveler information systems, traffic control systems and automatic vehicle control systems. The study also includes a brief review of the application of these technologies to transit and rideshare needs. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of a broad range of technologies were undertaken in order to select the three most promising technologies available for short-term implementation. These technologies comprise the radio data system for traffic information broadcasting, externally-linked route guidance, and adaptive traffic control. Detailed benefit-cost analyses were performed on these technologies, together with a review of the funding sources, jurisdictional and institutional issues, and consumer and user reactions to the systems. The study included a review of current moves toward a national intelligent vehicle/highway systems (IVHS) program. An outline of the projects and activities to be included in an IVHS program has been prepared, along with a preliminary time schedule. These activities have been grouped into advanced traveler information systems (ATIS), advanced traffic management systems (ATMS), fleet management and control systems (FMCS), and automatic vehicle control systems (AVCS). The report concludes by recommending the urgent need for a national program for developing, demonstrating and implementing advanced transportation technologies.
Effect of Delayed Treatment with Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate on Serum Lithium Concentrations in Mice (1995)

SPS may be efficacious in the treatment for Li toxicity under certain circumstances, even when there is delay to treatment. Additional study is warranted to further characterize the ability of SPS to alter Li kinetics.
Use of fluorescent imaging to investigate pathological protease activity. (2008)

Proteases play pivotal roles in the normal function of cells. In addition, the expression and activity of proteases are significantly upregulated in several pathologies, including cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis, and hence they can be considered to be biological markers for these pathologies. The hydrolyzing activity of proteases has been used to generate a variety of fluorescent imaging reagents, the design and utility of which are reviewed here. The use of imaging reagents to visualize protease activity allows for improved detection of various pathologies as well as the ability to monitor the efficacy of therapies in vivo and provide molecular information regarding the nature of the pathology.
Trabecular bone pattern of the mandible. Comparison of panoramic radiography with computed tomography. (1997)

The proposed classification for the trabecular bone pattern on panoramic radiographs might be a useful aid for the evaluation of the edentulous mandible prior to implant placement.
The role of cilia in the pathogenesis of cystic kidney disease (2015)

Considerable progress has been made in defining the mechanisms by which abnormal genes and proteins affect cilia structure and function. However, the exact mechanisms by which these interactions cause renal cyst formation and progression of cystic kidney disease are still unknown.
Kinematic Characteristics of Quasi-Attractor Movement in the Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects Kinesotherapy (2015)

To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment modalities in regenerative medicine is proposed to calculate the parameters of the center of quasi-attractors and the amount of change of the volume Vx. Knowing the duration of the therapeutic effects of T can determine the average velocity ν motion for quasi-attractor in phase space coordinates xi and largest relative change in the volume ν = (V2/V1)/T for the period of exposure to T. Examples of such kinematic changes in the short version (one-time fee for the period one procedure T = 40 min.) and prolonged exposure (rate of treatment Δt = 30 days). These two quantities are of diagnostic value in describing the features of the disease and the nature of thera-peutic effects on the patient. Assesses of effectiveness of the treatment on the basis of the rate of change of parameters quasi-attractors in the phase space of states are given.
Demonstration of multilevel cell spin transfer switching in MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2008)

Multilevel cell is an important concept to improve the density of spin transfer torque memory. We demonstrated two-bit multilevel cell spin transfer switching using MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Two types of cell structural design are discussed. Multiple resistance levels are depicted in a current-driven spin transfer switching loop, which shows a switching current density of ∼2×106A∕cm2. Reversible transitions between high and low states of the soft bit are achieved using minor-loop spin transfer switching. The influence of external magnetic field to spin transfer switching is also discussed.