gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryptand 222 complexation of anionic surfactant counterions: drastic decrease of the cmc of sodium dodecyl and sodium decyl sulfates (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCryptand 222 complexation of anionic surfactant counterions: drastic decrease of the cmc of sodium dodecyl and sodium decyl sulfatesPablo A. Quintela, Richard C. S. Reno, and Angel E. KaiferCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 13, 3582–3585Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100297a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A unified view of gradient-based attribution methods for Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Understanding the flow of information in Deep Neural Networks is a challenging problem that has gain increasing attention over the last few years. While several methods have been proposed to explain network predictions, only few attempts to analyze them from a theoretical perspective have been made in the past. In this work we analyze various state-of-the-art attribution methods and prove unexplored connections between them. We also show how some methods can be reformulated and more conveniently implemented. Finally, we perform an empirical evaluation with six attribution methods on a variety of tasks and architectures and discuss their strengths and limitations.
Coronary atherectomy (1990)

Leon, Martin B. MD; Kent, Kenneth M. MD; Pichard, Augusto D. MD; Satler, Lowell F. MD Author Information
Immunotherapy using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2014)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gram-negative bacteria induces tolerance and suppresses inflammatory responses in vivo; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study we show that LPS induces apoptosis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and modulates phenotypes of DCs. LPS treatment up-regulates expression of tolerance-associated molecules such as CD205 and galectin-1, but down-regulates expression of Gr-1 and B220 on CD11c(+) DCs. Moreover, LPS treatment regulates the numbers of CD11c(+) CD8(+) , CD11c(+) CD11b(low) and CD11c(+) CD11b(hi) DCs, which perform different immune functions in vivo. Our data also demonstrated that intravenous transfer of LPS-treated DCs blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development and down-regulates expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22 and interferon (IFN)-γ in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-primed CD4(+) T cells in the peripheral environment. These results suggest that LPS-induced apoptotic DCs may lead to generation of tolerogenic DCs and suppress the activity of MOG-stimulated effector CD4(+) T cells, thus inhibiting the development of EAE in vivo. Our results imply a potential mechanism of LPS-induced tolerance mediated by DCs and the possible use of LPS-induced apoptotic DCs to treat autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Virological response to darunavir in patients infected with HIV is linked to darunavir resistance–associated mutations corrected by the count of mutations with positive impact and is not associated with pharmacological and combined virological/pharmacological parameters (2011)

The relationships between virological (darunavir resistance-associated mutations), pharmacological (darunavir trough plasma concentration), combined virological/pharmacological [darunavir genotypic inhibitory quotient (GIQ)] parameters and virological response were evaluated in experienced patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. In this retrospective study (48 patients), the relationship between these parameters and the virological response was investigated by multivariate logistic regression. Darunavir GIQ is defined as the ratio between darunavir trough plasma concentration and the count of darunavir resistance-associated mutations (V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L/M, T74P, L76V, I84V, L89V) corrected or not corrected by the count of mutations with positive impact (V82A and E35D). The pharmacological and combined virological/pharmacological parameters failed to predict virological response. The count of darunavir resistance-associated mutations corrected by the count of V82A and E35D mutations was the single parameter significantly (P = 0.027) associated with virological response. This result suggests that both negative and positive impacts of mutations including V82A and E35D should be considered to predict virological response in experienced patients.
Implementing Evidence‐Based Medicine in Cardiology (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Practice gaps, knowledge translation and quality improvement science Practice gaps: scope of the problem Barriers to knowledge translation Strategies for quality improvement Future directions Conclusion References
Study of enzymatic detergents with both cleaning efficacy and disinfecting action for medical devices (2015)

Meticulous cleaning of used medical devices with alkaline or enzymatic detergents should remove organic debris, minerals, bioburden and other contaminants. Some enzymatic detergents not only have cleaning efficacy, but with additional disinfecting action as well. Having dual performance can reduce bioburden in the first step of medical device reprocessing, as well as and can prevent the discharge of contaminated wastewater to the environment. However, as disinfecting agents are found to denature and fix proteins on medical devices, making it difficult to perform both cleaning and disinfecting at the same time.
In vitro susceptibility of non-Aspergillus allergenic fungal species to azoles (2009)

Sir, Over the last decade, the importance of fungal organisms as allergens has increased. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an inflammatory disease of the airways caused by hypersensitivity to the Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and occurs in � 1% of asthmatics and 15% of adult cystic fibrosis patients. The widespread use of itraconazole for the treatment of ABPA has been reported to improve lung function and aid in reducing the concentration of glucocorticosteroids required. 1 Other manifestations of fungal allergy of the respiratory tract include allergic fungal sinusitis and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). 2 Recently, a randomized placebo-controlled study of itraconazole treatment of SAFS has shown major improvements in asthmatic control and quality of life in patients sensitized to one of several fungi including Penicillium, Cladosporium and others. 2 These data and the introduction of the new azole drugs voriconazole and posaconazole led us to examine the azole susceptibility of other potentially allergenic moulds. 3 In this study,
A Mathematical Model for Forecasting the Dam‐Break Flood Routing Process of a Landslide Dam (2012)

Once a landslide dam bursts, its reservoir discharges quickly in a flood which will cause catastrophic damage to life and property downstream. For a specific landslide dam, the peak flow rate and the evolution of downstream flood are influenced by the shape and size of the dike breach when dam‐break occurs. According to the general nature of landslide dams and field observations of dike‐breach development patterns, a dike‐breach propagation mode has been determined. By combining an improved empirical equation with knowledge of the dike‐breach propagation mode, a mathematical model for forecasting dam‐break flood routing has been developed and is presented here. Sensitivity analysis was then carried out based on the computed results for peak flow rate and the flood evolution curve under different parameters. The computed results showed that the width coefficient and the depth coefficient had similar effects on the dam‐break flood but that the impact of the depth coefficient was more significant than that of the width coefficient. Finally, the proposed model was used to calculate the flood evolution for the Tangjiashan landslide dam. The computed results showed that the error between the simulated result and the measured data was less than 5%.
Breast Cancer Index and risk stratification in luminal subtypes: A trans-ATAC study. (2019)

534 Background: The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is a gene-expression based signature that provides prognostic information for overall (0-10 years) and late (5-10 years) distant recurrence (DR) and prediction of extended endocrine benefit in hormone receptor positive (HR+) early stage breast cancer. The current analysis aims to further characterize, correlate and compare the prognostic performance of BCI in luminal subtypes based on immunohistochemical classification. Methods: 670 postmenopausal women with HR+, LN- disease from the TransATAC cohort were included in this analysis. Luminal A-like tumors (LumA) were identified as those with ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2 -, and Ki67 &lt; 20% by IHC. All other tumors were classified as Luminal B-like (LumB) for this analysis. Primary endpoint was DR. Cox regression models were used to examine BCI prognostic performance according to luminal subtype, adjusting for the clinicopathological model Clinical Treatment Score (CTS). Results: 452 (67.5%) patients were classified as LumA and 218 (32.5%) as LumB. BCI was highly prognostic in LumA cancers (adjusted HR = 1.57 (1.23-1.96), P &lt; 0.001, ΔLR-χ 2 = 14.09), but not in LumB tumors (adjusted HR = 1.20 (0.94-1.52, P = 0.14, ΔLR-χ 2 = 2.23). In LumA, 10-year DR risks in BCI intermediate and high risk groups were very similar (25.6% (16.4-38.6) and 25.3% (13.5-44.3), respectively) and significantly different from BCI low (3.9% (2.1-7.0); HR = 7.47 (3.50-15.96) and HR = 8.13 (3.27-20.23), respectively). In LumB, 10-year DR risks in BCI low and BCI intermediate risk groups (13.8% (6.8-26.9) and 14.6% (8.3-24.9), respectively) were very similar and significantly lower than for the BCI high (29.1% (20.0-41.1)). Lum subtyping was only prognostic in the BCI low risk group (LumA vs. LumB: HR = 4.27 (1.65-11.02)) but not in the other two BCI risk groups. Conclusions: BCI provided significant prognostic information in Lum A subtype. These results show that BCI intermediate and high risk had similar risk of DR in LumA tumors, while shared similarly low risk of DR as BCI-low in LumB tumors. Further evaluation is needed to elucidate the distinct mechanisms underlying each classification system.
Novel insights into development of diabetic bladder disorder provided by metabolomic analysis of the rat nondiabetic and diabetic detrusor and urothelial layer (2016)

There are at present no published studies providing a global overview of changes in bladder metabolism resulting from diabetes. Such studies have the potential to provide mechanistic insight into the development of diabetic bladder disorder (DBD). In the present study, we compared the metabolome of detrusor and urothelial layer in a 1-mo streptozotocin-induced rat model of type 1 diabetes with nondiabetic controls. Our studies revealed that diabetes caused both common and differential changes in the detrusor and urothelial layer's metabolome. Diabetes resulted in similar changes in the levels of previously described diabetic markers in both tissues, such as glucose, lactate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, branched-chain amino acid degradation products, bile acids, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, as well as markers of oxidative stress. In the detrusor (but not the urothelial layer), diabetes caused activation of the pentose-phosphate and polyol pathways, concomitant with a reduction in the TCA cycle and β-oxidation. Changes in detrusor energy-generating pathways resulted in an accumulation of sorbitol that, through generation of advanced glycation end products, is likely to play a central role in the development of DBD. In the diabetic urothelial layer there was decreased flux of glucose via glycolysis and changes in lipid metabolism, particularly prostaglandin synthesis, which also potentially contributes to detrusor dysfunction.
Table S1 from Use of a Single CAR T Cell and Several Bispecific Adapters Facilitates Eradication of Multiple Antigenically Different Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Conversion of CAM units from nmole/kg to mg/kg&lt;/p&gt;
Assessment of a fragment of e-cadherin as a serum biomarker with predictive value for prostate cancer (2005)

In prostate cancer, biomarkers may provide additional value above standard clinical and pathology parameters to predict outcome after specific therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an 80 kDa fragment of the cell adhesion molecule e-cadherin as a serum biomarker. A broad spectrum of prostate cancer serum samples, representing different stages of prostate cancer disease, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), localised (Loc PCA) and metastatic prostate cancer (Met PCA), was examined for the cleaved product. There is a significant difference in the expression level of the 80 kDa fragment in the serum of healthy individuals vs patients with BPH and between BPH vs Loc PCA and Met PCA (P<0.001). Highest expression levels are observed in advanced metastatic disease. In the cohort of Loc PCA cases, there was no association between the 80 kDa serum concentration and clinical parameters. Interestingly, patients with an 80 kDa level of >7.9 microg l(-1) at the time of diagnosis have a 55-fold higher risk of biochemical failure after surgery compared to those with lower levels. This is the first report of the application of an 80 kDa fragment of e-cadherin as a serum biomarker in a broad spectrum of prostate cancer cases. At an optimised cutoff, high expression at the time of diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of biochemical failure, potentially supporting its use for a tailored follow-up protocol for those patients.
Research and Application of Personalized Modeling Based on Individual Interest in Mining (2014)

Weibo services, provided by the service providers, is simple and changeless. The research based on the content of microblog reflects the user’s personalized features. The method has important significance to improve user satisfaction and expand the scale of users. First, the interest classification problem called multiclass classification algorithm is proposed based on improving support vector machine of binary tree. Second, an improved model of mixed interest based on implicit feedback is proposed. This method is based on the shortcomings of the establishment of the interest model and the drift strategy in update phase among existing users. The improved model is applied to the user modeling of personalization, improving the authenticity and accuracy of the personalized modeling.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of Amidase Gene from Pseudomonas putida (1998)

Amidases are a class of enzymes which convert amides to acids and have potential value in the development of commercial bioprocesses for the production of useful chemicals. A gene encoding an amidase in Pseudomonas putida 5B has been cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. An additional open reading frame (P38K) encoding a putative protein of 38 kDa was found immediately upstream of the amidase gene. This work continues our characterization of a P. putida operon, which now appears to include P38K, amidase, and a stereo-specific nitrile hydratase. This characterization underlies continuing efforts in biocatalyst development.
A compact orthogonal wideband printed mimo antenna for WiFi/WLAN/LTE applications (2015)

ABSTRACT This article presents a wideband multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna assembly for combined WiFi/WLAN/LTE applications. The antenna consists of two radiating triangular patches placed in a mutually orthogonal configuration. Two T‐slots and a rectangular slot were cut on the ground plane to improve the return loss and isolation. The surface footprint of the antenna is 30 × 30 mm 2 . The antenna impedance bandwidth is 101.7% between 2280 and 7000 MHz; the reflection coefficient and mutual coupling are better than −10 dB, and −14 dB, respectively. The MIMO antenna performance characteristics are given in terms of the scattering parameters, envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient, capacity loss, channel capacity, VSWR, antenna gain and radiation patterns. Analysis of these characteristics indicates that the design is appropriate for the target WiFi/WLAN/LTE terminal applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1733–1738, 2015
Enzyme-Synthesized Highly Branched Maltodextrins Have Slow Glucose Generation at the Mucosal α-Glucosidase Level and Are Slowly Digestible In Vivo (2013)

For digestion of starch in humans, α-amylase first hydrolyzes starch molecules to produce α-limit dextrins, followed by complete hydrolysis to glucose by the mucosal α-glucosidases in the small intestine. It is known that α-1,6 linkages in starch are hydrolyzed at a lower rate than are α-1,4 linkages. Here, to create designed slowly digestible carbohydrates, the structure of waxy corn starch (WCS) was modified using a known branching enzyme alone (BE) and an in combination with β-amylase (BA) to increase further the α-1,6 branching ratio. The digestibility of the enzymatically synthesized products was investigated using α-amylase and four recombinant mammalian mucosal α-glucosidases. Enzyme-modified products (BE-WCS and BEBA-WCS) had increased percentage of α-1,6 linkages (WCS: 5.3%, BE-WCS: 7.1%, and BEBA-WCS: 12.9%), decreased weight-average molecular weight (WCS: 1.73×10(8) Da, BE-WCS: 2.76×10(5) Da, and BEBA-WCS 1.62×10(5) Da), and changes in linear chain distributions (WCS: 21.6, BE-WCS: 16.9, BEBA-WCS: 12.2 DPw). Hydrolysis by human pancreatic α-amylase resulted in an increase in the amount of branched α-limit dextrin from 26.8% (WCS) to 56.8% (BEBA-WCS). The α-amylolyzed samples were hydrolyzed by the individual α-glucosidases (100 U) and glucogenesis decreased with all as the branching ratio increased. This is the first report showing that hydrolysis rate of the mammalian mucosal α-glucosidases is limited by the amount of branched α-limit dextrin. When enzyme-treated materials were gavaged to rats, the level of postprandial blood glucose at 60 min from BEBA-WCS was significantly higher than for WCS or BE-WCS. Thus, highly branched glucan structures modified by BE and BA had a comparably slow digesting property both in vitro and in vivo. Such highly branched α-glucans show promise as a food ingredient to control postprandial glucose levels and to attain extended glucose release.
Rare SNPs in receptor tyrosine kinases are negative outcome predictors in multiple myeloma (2016)

// Sarah Keppler 1, 2, * , Susann Wei&beta;bach 1, 2, * , Christian Langer 3 , Stefan Knop 4 , Jordan Pischimarov 1, 2 , Miriam Kull 3 , Thorsten St&uuml;hmer 4 , Torsten Steinbrunn 4 , Ralf Bargou 2 , Hermann Einsele 4 , Andreas Rosenwald 1, 2 , Ellen Leich 1, 2 1 Institute of Pathology, University of W&uuml;rzburg, W&uuml;rzburg, Germany 2 Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (CCC MF), University Hospital W&uuml;rzburg, W&uuml;rzburg, Germany 3 Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany 4 Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital W&uuml;rzburg, W&uuml;rzburg, Germany * These authors have equally contributed to this work Correspondence to: Ellen Leich, email: Ellen.Leich@uni-wuerzburg.de Keywords: multiple myeloma, receptor tyrosine kinases, amplicon sequencing, rare SNP Received: January 20, 2016&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Accepted: May 04, 2016&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Published: May 26, 2016 ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder that is characterized by a great genetic heterogeneity. Recent next generation sequencing studies revealed an accumulation of tumor-associated mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which may also contribute to the activation of survival pathways in MM. To investigate the clinical role of RTK-mutations in MM, we deep-sequenced the coding DNA-sequence of EGFR , EPHA2 , ERBB3 , IGF1R , NTRK1 and NTRK2 which were previously found to be mutated in MM, in 75 uniformly treated MM patients of the &ldquo;Deutsche Studiengruppe Multiples Myelom&rdquo;. Subsequently, we correlated the detected mutations with common cytogenetic alterations and clinical parameters. We identified 11 novel non-synonymous SNVs or rare patient-specific SNPs, not listed in the SNP databases 1000 genomes and dbSNP, in 10 primary MM cases. The mutations predominantly affected the tyrosine-kinase and ligand-binding domains and no correlation with cytogenetic parameters was found. Interestingly, however, patients with RTK-mutations, specifically those with rare patient-specific SNPs, showed a significantly lower overall, event-free and progression-free survival. This indicates that RTK SNVs and rare patient-specific RTK SNPs are of prognostic relevance and suggests that MM patients with RTK-mutations could potentially profit from treatment with RTK-inhibitors.
Polymorphous Computing Architectures (2007)

Abstract : We describe the architecture and hardware implementation of a coarse grain parallel computing system with flexibility in both memory and processing elements. The memory subsystem supports a wide range of programming models efficiently, including cache coherency, message passing, streaming, and transactions. The memory controller implements these models using metadata stored with each memory block. Processor flexibility is provided using Tensilica Xtensa cores. We use Xtensa processor options and Tensilica Instruction Extension language (TIE) to provide additional computational capabilities, to define additional memory operations needed to support our controller, and to add VLIW instructions for increased efficiency. In our implementation, two processors share multiple memory blocks via a load/store unit and a crossbar switch. These dual processor tiles are grouped into quads that share a memory protocol controller. Quads connect to one another and to the off-chip memory controller via a mesh-like network. We describe the design of each block in detail. We also describe our implementation of transactional memory. Transactional Coherence and Consistency (TCC) provides greater scalability than previous TM architectures by deferring conflict detection until commit time and by using directories to reduce overhead. We demonstrate near linear scaling up to 64 processors with less than 5% overhead.