gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal reaching subject to computational and physical constraints reveals structure of the sensorimotor control system (2023)

Abstract Optimal feedback control provides an abstract framework describing the architecture of the sensorimotor system without prescribing implementation details such as what coordinate system to use, how feedback is incorporated, or how to accommodate changing task complexity. We investigate how such details are determined by computational and physical constraints by creating a model of the upper limb sensorimotor system in which all connection weights between neurons, feedback, and muscles are unknown. By optimizing these parameters with respect to an objective function, we find that the model exhibits a preference for an intrinsic (joint angle) coordinate representation of inputs and feedback and learns to calculate a weighted feedforward and feedback error. We further show that complex reaches around obstacles can be achieved by augmenting our model with a path-planner based on via points. The path-planner revealed “avoidance” neurons that encode directions to reach around obstacles, and “placement” neurons that make fine-tuned adjustments to via point placement. Our results demonstrate the surprising capability of computationally constrained systems and highlight new characteristics of the sensorimotor system.
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con SIDA (2008)

Objetivo: determinar las principales alteraciones metabolicas lipidicas observadas en pacientes con sindrome de inmunodeficiencia humana. Material y metodos: se efectuo una revision de expedientes clinicos del departamento de infectologia de 63 pacientes en control medico con diagnostico del sindrome de inmunodeficiencia humana en el periodo de 1 junio de 2006 al 30 enero del 2007, y un grupo de 61 pacientes fue considerado como control para fines de estudio; se midieron el indice de masa corporal, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, lipoproteinas de baja densidad, lipoproteinas de alta densidad, la velocidad de eritrosedimentacion globular e Indice de Castells. Se analizaron los datos con EpiInfo V6. Resultados: de los casos, 38 pacientes (61.3%) fueron hombres, y 25 pacientes (38.7%) fueron mujeres, con una edad promedio de 36.2 ± 10.3 anos, indice de masa corporal (IMC) 24.8 ± .3; de los controles, 36 pacientes (59%) fueron hombres y 25 fueron mujeres (41%), con edad promedio de 36 ± 10.6, IMC 26.1 ± 4.5. La VSG, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, disminucion de HDL e Indice Castelli no fue diferente entre los grupos, pero la elevacion de la LDL fue superior en los casos (p0.011). Conclusiones: las alteraciones metabolicas de los lipidos encontradas son similares a las reportadas en otros estudios, siendo el aumento de LDL la mas representativa
Biological evaluation of 4,5,7-trisubstituted Indeno[1,2-&lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;]indoles reveals a potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 in tumor cells with diverse anti-cancer effects and preferential cytoplasmic localization (2021)

The highly pleiotropic and constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 is considered a key target in cancer. The indeno[1,2-b]indole scaffold was previously shown to provide derivatives exhibiting strong CK2 inhibition and satisfactory drug-like characteristics. In this work, we evaluated one 4,5,7-trisubstituted indeno[1,2-b]indole derivative for its intracellular inhibition of CK2 activity and the accompanying effects on proliferation, migration and apoptosis in cancer cells. The compound 5-isopropyl-4-methoxy-7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-indeno[1,2-b]indole-9,10-dione (5a-2) strongly inhibited CK2 activity in vitro with IC50 value of 25 nM and in cultured A431, A549 and LNCaP cell lines (&gt; 75% inhibition at 20 &micro;M). The intracellular inhibition of CK2 by 5a-2 was comparable to that induced by the reference CK2 inhibitor CX-4945, though the latter exhibited &gt; 6-fold higher inhibitory potency toward CK2 in vitro (IC50 = 3.7 nM). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is the significantly higher intracellular concentrations of 5a-2 compared to CX‑4945 following their cellular uptake. Compared to CX-4945, 5a-2 induced similar anti-proliferative, weaker pro-apoptotic but stronger anti-migratory effects on cancer cells. These variations can be partly attributed to the observed differences in the subcellular localization of both compounds whereby 71% of the uptaken 5a-2 molecules were found in the cytoplasm while 49% of intracellular CX-4945 was detectable in the nuclear fraction. Our study emphasizes the potential of indeno[1,2-b]indole as an interesting framework for developing potent CK2 inhibitors and highlights the significance of subcellular distribution in dictating preferential cellular effects of CK2 inhibitors.
In Vitro Translation Extracts from Tissue Culture Cells (2003)

The in vitro translation system provides an important means of identifying mRNA species of a gene of interest, characterizing the protein products, and investigating translational control. Rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) or wheat germ lysate have been used to successfully translate protein in response to mRNAs from a variety of species including mammals, plants and phage (,). The translation of viral mRNA in cell-free extracts is one of the most powerful tools available for elucidation of virus-specific translational control. The RNA genomes of some viruses including poliovirus are not capped, having instead a long noncoding region at their 5′ end. The translation of such viral mRNAs is initiated by entry of the ribosome within the noncoding region in a cap-independent manner; the site is called the internal ribosome entry site, IRES (). Poliovirus is not translated in a cell-free translation system prepared from wheat germ, and is translated inefficiently, and usually incorrectly, in RRL. However, poliovirus mRNA is translated efficiently in HeLa cell S10 extract, and in RRL upon adding HeLa cell S100 extract (see Note 1) (, , , ). The cellular factors necessary for poliovirus translation are present in sufficient amounts in HeLa cell S10 extract but not in RRL. Thus, the in vitro system is useful for identification of the factors necessary for poliovirus cap independent translation, such as the La protein (), poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP 1), and PCBP2 (,).
Laser Roughing of PCD (2014)

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has become an indispensable tool material for efficient machining of various materials. In manufacturing of PCD tools the finishing process in order to obtain the required surface and edge quality is mostly done by grinding. Due to the high hardness and wear resistance of PCD grinding is characterized by low material removal rates and high wear of the grinding wheel. The Fraunhofer IPT has developed a novel finishing method for PCD cutting tools, which combines laser processing and grinding. Short pulse laser ablation is used to completely remove a PCD surface layer of about 180 μm. To achieve the required tool quality the remaining 20 μm are removed by subsequent grinding. The obtained results demonstrate that the combination allows reducing the finishing time by more than 50%. Therefore, laser technology has a high potential to make the finishing process more efficient and significantly lower manufacturing costs.
Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tanninsAnn E. Hagerman and Larry G. ButlerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 4, 809–812Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60218a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4817Altmetric-Citations631LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (535 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of azobenzenes: the coloured pieces of molecular materials (2011)

Azobenzenes are ubiquitous motifs very important in many areas of science. Azo compounds display crucial properties for important applications, mainly for the chemical industry. Because of their discovery, the main application of aromatic azo compounds has been their use as dyes. These compounds are excellent candidates to function as molecular switches because of their efficient cis-trans isomerization in the presence of appropriate radiation. The classical methods for the synthesis of azo compounds are the azo coupling reaction (coupling of diazonium salts with activated aromatic compounds), the Mills reaction (reaction between aromatic nitroso derivatives and anilines) and the Wallach reaction (transformation of azoxybenzenes into 4-hydroxy substituted azoderivatives in acid media). More recently, other preparative methods have been reported. This critical review covers the various synthetic methods reported on azo compounds with special emphasis on the more recent ones and their mechanistic aspects (170 references).
Counterregulatory Actions of Angiotensin-(1-7) (1997)

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system that is formed endogenously from either Ang I or Ang II. The first actions described for Ang-(1-7) indicated that the peptide mimicked some of the effects of Ang II, including the release of prostanoids and vasopressin. However, Ang-(1-7) is devoid of vasoconstrictor, central pressor, or thirst-stimulating actions. In fact, new findings reveal depressor, vasodilator, and antihypertensive actions that may be more apparent in hypertensive animals or humans. Thus, the accumulating evidence suggests that Ang-(1-7) may oppose the actions of Ang II either directly or by stimulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. These observations are significant because they may explain the effective antihypertensive action of converting enzyme inhibitors in a variety of non-renin-dependent models of experimental and genetic hypertension as well as most forms of human hypertension. In this context, studies in humans and animals showed that the antihypertensive action of converting enzyme inhibitors correlated with increases in plasma levels of Ang-(1-7). In this review, we summarize our knowledge of the mechanisms accounting for the counterregulatory actions of Ang-(1-7) and elaborate on the emerging concept that Ang-(1-7) functions as an antihypertensive peptide within the cascade of the renin-angiotensin system.
Retrovirus Silencing, Variegation, Extinction, and Memory Are Controlled by a Dynamic Interplay of Multiple Epigenetic Modifications (2004)

Retrovirus silencing in stem cells produces silent or variegated provirus. Additional memory and extinction mechanisms act during differentiation. Here we show that retrovirus is silent or variegated in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that are de novo methyltransferase (dnmt3a and dnmt3b) null. Memory is maintained during differentiation, and extinction occurs on variegated retrovirus, indicating that DNA methylation is dispensable for all forms of retrovirus silencing. Silent and variegated provirus are marked by hypoacetylated histone H3 and bound H1. In wild-type ES cells, silent and variegated proviruses are methylated and bound by hypoacetylated H3, MeCP2, and less H1. Silencing, variegation, and extinction are partially reactivated by 5-AzaC in this context. Lentivirus vectors are also silent or variegated, marked by silent chromatin, and exhibit memory and extinction. We conclude that the universal epigenetic mark of retrovirus silencing is silent chromatin established via the dynamic interplay of multiple epigenetic modifications that include but do not require DNA methylation. A molecular mechanism of competitive H1 and MeCP2 binding may account for this epigenetic interplay, and a model for variegation is discussed.
B Lymphocytes Regulate Dendritic Cell (Dc) Function in Vivo (2000)

Increasing evidence indicates that dendritic cells (DCs) are the antigen-presenting cells of the primary immune response. However, several reports suggest that B lymphocytes could be required for optimal T cell sensitization. We compared the immune responses of wild-type and B cell-deficient (muMT) mice, induced by antigen emulsified in adjuvant or pulsed on splenic dendritic cells. Our data show that lymph node cells from both control and muMT animals were primed, but each released distinct cytokine profiles. Lymph node T cells from control animals secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-4, whereas those from muMT mice produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 but no IL-4. To test whether B cells may influence the T helper cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance by affecting the function of DCs, we immunized mice by transferring antigen-pulsed DCs from wild-type or mutant mice. Injection of control DCs induced the secretion of IL-4, IFN-gamma, and IL-2, whereas administration of DCs from muMT animals failed to sensitize cells to produce IL-4. Analysis of IL-12 production revealed that DCs from muMT mice produce higher levels of IL-12p70 than do DCs from wild-type animals. These data suggest that B lymphocytes regulate the capacity of DCs to promote IL-4 secretion, possibly by downregulating their secretion of IL-12, thereby favoring the induction of a nonpolarized immune response.
Mining Extremes: Severe Rainfall and Climate Change (2012)

Theoretical developments for the analysis and modeling of extreme value data have tended to focus on limiting cases and assumptions of independence. However, massive datasets from models and sensors, space-time dimensionality, comp dependence structures, long-memory, long-range and low frequency processes all motivate the need for sophisticated methods for correlated and finite data that follow complex processes. The importance of extremes has been rapidly growing in areas ranging from climate change and critical infrastructures to insurance and financial markets. Here we briefly discuss the state-of-the-art and key gaps, through the case of rainfall extremes under climate change. Preliminary analysis suggests new directions and points to research areas that deserve further attention.
Laser Interferometry in Space for Gravitational Wave Detection and Geodesy (2012)

Laser interferometry between drag-free satellites has been under development for 20 years. It will be used for the observation of low-frequency gravitational waves in LISA. Similar technology will be employed for the GRACE Follow-On Geodesy mission.
Image Splicing Detection Through Illumination Inconsistencies and Deep Learning (2018)

Fake news and deep fakes have been making social and mainstream media headlines. At the same time, engaged scientists strive for finding ways to detect forgeries and suspicious manipulations using even the subtlest clues. In this vein, this work proposes a new method for detecting photographic splicing by bringing together the high representation power of Illuminant Maps and Convolutional Neural Networks as a way of learning directly from available training data the most important hints of a forgery. This work propose a method that eliminates the laborious feature engineering process, allow locate forgery region and yields a classification accuracy of more than 96%, outperforming state-of-the-art methods in different datasets. The potential uses of the proposed method is further highlighted by analyzing some suspicious real-world photographs that recently broke the news.
Apprentissage de l’aide au sevrage tabagique dans les formations médicales au Liban (2020)

A CBA workshop can improve residents&#8217; skills and effectiveness in counseling patients about smoking cessation. It should be integrated into the medical curriculum and delivered to every physician especially in a country with one of the highest rate of smoking and the weakest tobacco control strategies.
XMPP based Context Management Architecture (2010)

In recent years several authors and projects have addressed the need for an architecture for collecting and managing context information. Most of the approaches have either been purely based in middlewares unable to address the heterogeneity of components and services platforms, or have been built around Web based technologies that are unable to cope with the realtime and reactiveness requirements that many context-aware use cases have. In this paper the authors propose a new Context Management Architecture able to solve these problems. Furthermore, this architecture, exploring the XMPP protocol, can be used as the basis for new developments in this area.
Statistical Models Of A Priori Information For Image Processing; II. Finite Distribution Range Constraints (1988)

A probabilistic formulation of statistical models of a priori source distribution information is presented with considerations of source strength correlations and finite distribution range constraints. A Bayesian analysis incorporating the a priori source distribution probabilistic information is given in treating measured data obeying Poisson statistics. A system of equations for determining the source distribution given the measured data is obtained by maximizing the a posteriori probability. An iterative approach for the solution is carried out by a Bayesian image processing algorithm derived using an expectation maximization technique. The iterative Bayesian algorithm is tested using computer generated ideal and experimental radioisotope phantom imaging noisy data. Improved results are obtained with the Bayesian algorithm over those of a maximum likelihood algorithm. A quantitative measurement of the improvement is obtained by employing filtered objective criteria functions.
Induction heating for eradicating Staphylococcus epidermidis from biofilm (2020)

Induction heating of Ti6Al4V coupons is effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro for <i>S. epidermidis</i> biofilms. Induction heating and antibiotics have a synergistic effect resulting in total eradication of the biofilm at 60°C or higher for clinically relevant concentrations of vancomycin and rifampicin.<b>Cite this article:</b> <i>Bone Joint Res.</i> 2020;9(4):192-199.
Limits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination. Application to radiochemistry (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLimits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination. Application to radiochemistryLloyd A. CurrieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 3, 586–593Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60259a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60259a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10100Altmetric-Citations3397LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copper‐Coated Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomer via Bioinspired Polydopamine Adhesion and Electroless Deposition (2016)

This study explores the functionalization of main-chain nematic elastomers with a conductive metallic surface layer using a polydopamine binder. Using a two-stage thiol-acrylate reaction, a programmed monodomain is achieved for thermoreversible actuation. A copper layer (≈155 nm) is deposited onto polymer samples using electroless deposition while the samples are in their elongated nematic state. Samples undergo 42% contraction when heated above the isotropic transition temperature. During the thermal cycle, buckling of the copper layer is seen in the direction perpendicular to contraction; however, transverse cracking occurs due to the large Poisson effect experienced during actuation. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the layer reduced quickly as a function of thermal cycling. However, samples do not show signs of delamination after 25 thermal cycles. These results demonstrate the ability to explore multifunctional liquid-crystalline composites using relatively facile synthesis, adhesion, and deposition techniques.
Recent Advances in Crack-Arrest Technology (1984)

Statistical analysis of the variability of crack-arrest toughness (Ka) is reviewed. The standard deviation of Ka is 12 MPa · m1/2 for an individual heat of low-alloy steel and 15 MPa · m1/2 when data for all heats are referred to the Charpy 41-J (30 ft-lb) temperature. These results aid in the definition of acceptable size limitations for crack-arrest test specimens. Miniature specimens (50 by 50 by 12.7 mm) are shown to give acceptably conservative results when tested in the vicinity of the reference transition temperature.
Continuous outcoupling of ultracold strontium atoms combining three different traps (2023)

Abstract We have demonstrated the continuous outcoupling of ultracold 88 Sr atoms using a moving optical lattice. While Sr atoms are Zeeman-slowed and magneto-optically trapped on the 1 S 0 – 1 P 1 transition, the atoms relaxed to the 5s5p 3 P 2 metastable state are magnetically trapped and Doppler cooled on the 5s5p 3 P 2 –5s4d 3 D 3 transition at 2.92 μ m. By optically pumping the atoms to the 5s5p 3 P 0 state, we outcouple the atoms by a moving optical lattice. Such a continuous atomic source enables superradiant lasers and the zero-dead-time operation of atom interferometers and optical lattice clocks.
A Strategy for the Selection of Solutions of the Pareto Front Approximation in Multi-objective Clustering Approaches (2008)

One of the advantages of Pareto-based multi-objective genetic algorithms for clustering, when compared to classical clustering algorithms, is that, instead of a single solution (partition), they give as an output a set of solutions (approximation of the Pareto front or Pareto front, for short). However, such a set could be very large (e.g., hundreds of partitions) and, consequently, difficult to be analyzed manually. We present a selection strategy, based on the corrected Rand index, that aims at recommending, as final solution for Pareto-based multi-objective genetic algorithm approaches, a subset of partitions from the Pareto front. This subset should be much smaller than the the latter and, at the same time, keep the quality and the diversity of the partitions. In order to test our strategy, we develop a study of case in which we apply the strategy to the sets of solutions obtained with the multi-objective clustering ensemble algorithm (MOCLE) in the context of several data sets.