gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Phase Hybrid Model Of Bacterial Biofilm Growth (2019)

Bacterial biofilms play a critical role in environmental processes, water treatment, human health, and food processing. They exhibit highly complex dynamics due to the interactions between the bacteria and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), water, nutrients, and minerals that make up the biofilm. In the current dissertation, a hybrid computational model was proposed for simulation of biofilm growth processes using a multiphase continuum for the transport of water and EPS, as well as nutrient diffusion, and discrete phase particles for simulation of bacterial cells and their interactions. Mass and momentum conservations of each phase and bacterial motion, rotation, growth, division, and EPS production were all included in the model governing equations. The model was demonstrated to be capable of capturing both the heterogeneous structure of bacterial colonies and the opposing directions of water and EPS velocities for both spherical and spherocylindrical bacterial cells in 2D and 3D. The biofilm structure was observed to depend on the pore spacing between bacteria, which controls the percolation rate of water and nutrient to the bacterial colony, as well as the details of the various intercellular forces acting between the bacterial cells. Simulations performed using this hybrid model found that four intercellular forces had the most significant impact on biofilm development. These forces include van der Waals adhesion between cell surfaces, fimbriae tension force, lubrication force between the cells, and drag force on the cells from the outward moving EPS flow. The first two forces act to hold the bacterial colony together in a tight unit, whereas the last two forces act to separate the cells and pull the bacterial colony apart. These forces were found to be critical for setting both the pore size and the overall shape of the colony. For non-spherical cells, these different forces were also found to have an important effect on the cell rotation rate and degree of alignment with neighboring cells. A careful examination of the effects of EPS drag and fimbrial force was made for cases with different EPS production rates and different numbers of fimbriae appendages per cell. As these parameters were varied, the spatial pattern of bacterial colony changed from a single tightly-packed colony (for low EPS production rate and high numbers of fimbriae per cell) to a system with loosely-connected small clusters of suspended cells (for high EPS production rate and small number of fimbriae per cell). In-between these extremes, the bacterial colony was observed to exhibit a state with an asymmetric structure with multiple clusters of cells, connected by thinner strands. The balance between outward drag force on the cells due to the EPS flow away from the bacterial colony and the inward tensile fimbrial force acting on chains of cells connected by adhesive fimbriae appendages was identified as the dominant mechanism controlling these structural transitions.
High-contrast pixels: a new feature for defect detection in X-ray testing (2006)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Agregação e proteção física da matéria orgânica em planossolo háplico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo (2012)

Identificar os mecanismos de estabilização da matéria orgânica (MO) que atuam com maior eficiência em solos hidromórficos é essencial para compreender e avaliar a dinâmica da MO nestes agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar em um Planossolo Háplico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo, a agregação, o teor de carbono orgânico total (COT) do solo e de carbono nas frações físicas da MO, além de caracterizá-la por Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O presente estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas da Embrapa Clima Temperado, Capão do Leão, RS. A área experimental foi implantada em 2003. Em novembro de 2007, foram amostradas duas camadas (0,000 - 0,025 m e de 0,025 - 0,075 m) de solo sob preparo convencional (PC), plantio direto (PD) e campo nativo (CN). Concluí-se que a qualidade estrutural na camada superficial do solo sob PC e PD foi afetada nas classes de agregados de 4,76 a 0,50 mm. O PC e o PD apresentaram reduções nos teores de COT do solo, carbono da fração grosseira, fração leve livre (FLL) e fração leve oclusa (FLO). Em curto período de tempo (quatro anos), os sistemas de manejo não influenciaram a fração pesada (FP). As proporções das frações físicas da MO em relação ao COT aumentaram na ordem FLL
Performance evaluation and improvement of the CPU-CAN controller interface for low-jitter communication (2012)

The effectiveness and quality of several distributed control loops are heavily affected by the ability to reduce jitters. This goal can hardly be achieved without understanding all possible causes that can introduce time fluctuations in the communication path between the processor, running the control algorithms, and the (remote) peripheral devices. This is because any of them, in fact, may worsen the timing accuracy of the system as a whole. After the most well-known sources of jitters are put under control, other aspects become more and more important for the overall behavior of the system. This paper tackles the problem of time fluctuations introduced by the interface between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the CAN controller in a typical off-the-shelf, single-chip microcontroller and shows why and how they should be considered and handled carefully.
Depth from stereo flow (2003)

The interpretation is presented of image flow (optical flow) and its relationship with object structure. Depth extraction is described from stereo image flow when the stereo cameras have parallel optical axes or nonparallel optical axes. Using epipolar geometry, the relationship between the optical flow fields on the image planes (stereo) is derived and applied for matching the images to extract the depth information. Three methods are considered, of which the first two assume parallel optical axes: (1) spatial approach which is the same as the traditional stereo method except that binocular difference flow is used as primitives for matching; (2) spatial-temporal approach which extends previous formulation to incorporate temporal variations of image flow; and (3) under nonparallel optical axes assumption from which the model of the stereo cameras is generalized so that they are arbitrarily separated in space. Then two measures are used to evaluate how well the epipolar constraint is satisfied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Multi-Timescale Quasi-Dynamic Model for Simulation of Cascading Outages (2015)

Many blackouts in electric power grids throughout the world are caused by cascading outages, which often involve complex processes in various timescales. The multi-timescale nature of cascading outages makes conventional quasi-static simulation methods inaccurate in characterizing actual evolution of outages. This paper proposes a multi-timescale cascading outage model using a quasi-dynamic simulation method. The model establishes a framework for simulating interactions among dynamics in quite different timescales. It realizes simulation of cascading outages with representation of time evolution, so it overcomes ambiguity of time in conventional cascading outage models and hence has better practicality. Moreover, the model considers dynamics, e.g., load variation and generator excitation protection which affect voltage and reactive power profiles. Also, an improved re-dispatch model based on sensitivity is proposed. These improvements facilitate better simulation for a realistic power system. Also, dynamic simulation can be flexibly incorporated into the simulation of short-term processes in this model as needed. Case studies with the proposed multi-timescale model on the IEEE 30-bus system discuss the role of generator protection in cascading outage evolution, and analyze stage characteristics in outages. The multi-timescale model is also demonstrated on a reduced 410-bus US-Canada northeast power grid. Moreover, impacts from dispatchers' involvements are analyzed <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.</sub>
Methane drainage ahead of mining using foam stimulation: Mary Lee Coalbed, Alabama (1979)

As part of a continuing research effort to determine optimum well design for vertical coalbed gas drainage holes, two test wells were completed into the Mary Lee Coalbed. The wells were foam stimulated and allowed to produce for up to 11 months before being intercepted by mining. Comparatively low water production, prolonged blow-off periods after stimulation, and the wells' ability to produce gas very soon after pumping began, or without pumping at all, indicate that the coalbed in the vicinity of the two test wells was partially draned before completion of each of the wells. Such drained coalbed conditions are considered very suitable for high initial gasflow rates as the two test wells flowed gas at rates from 40 to 180 Mcfd. Underground investigations at or near the test well sites show that fractures induced by stimulation were vertical and were contained in both the coalbed and in the overlying strata. The fractures were found to be longer and much narrower than those induced using heavy gels. A mine gas emission study indicated that the 25 million cubic feet of gas removed may have reduced methane emissions in the vicinity of the two holes as much as 40 percent.
Molecular Control of Structural Dynamics and Conductance Switching in Bismuth Nanoparticles (2013)

Bismuth nanoparticles, protected by two types of capping ligands, 1-dodecanethiol and ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, were probed by TEM and STM at 80 and 300 K. Both types of nanoparticles show temperature-dependent structural fluctuations leading to pronounced changes in their anisotropic conductance properties. We show that the different capping ligands dramatically alter the structural dynamics in these particles. This finding suggests that molecular control of structural and consequently electronic switching in anisotropic nanosystems is feasible.
Optimizing syngeneic orthotopic murine bladder cancer (MB49). (1999)

The syngeneic orthotopic murine bladder cancer model MB49 is hampered by unreliable tumor implantation. We optimized this model by a simple modification of the standard implantation technique in three groups of mice. Fifty thousand (group I), 20,000 (group II), or 10,000 (group III) tumor cells were implanted into cauterized bladders by transurethral instillation, and dwell time was prolonged to 3 h. Tumor take, survival, and bladder weights were determined as outcome variables. To verify whether this modification maintained its sensitivity to topical immunotherapy, an initial tumor load of 100,000 MB49 cells was given, and mice were treated intravesically with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin or phosphate-buffered saline. The prolonged dwell time of tumor cells resulted in take rates of 100% in all three groups. Survival and bladder weights were significantly correlated with the number of instilled cells. Even with the highest tumor load, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy improved survival and reduced bladder weights significantly, as compared to PBS. Thus, the modified model is highly reliable and maintains its susceptibility to topical immunotherapy.
Second-Order Asymptotically Optimal Outlier Hypothesis Testing (2020)

We revisit the outlier hypothesis testing framework of Li \emph{et al.} (TIT 2014) and derive fundamental limits for the optimal test under the generalized Neyman-Pearson criterion. In outlier hypothesis testing, one is given multiple observed sequences, where most sequences are generated i.i.d. from a nominal distribution. The task is to discern the set of outlying sequences that are generated from anomalous distributions. The nominal and anomalous distributions are \emph{unknown}. We study the tradeoff among the probabilities of misclassification error, false alarm and false reject for tests that satisfy weak conditions on the rate of decrease of these error probabilities as a function of sequence length. Specifically, we propose a threshold-based test that ensures exponential decay of misclassification error and false alarm probabilities. We study two constraints on the false reject probability, with one constraint being that it is a non-vanishing constant and the other being that it has an exponential decay rate. For both cases, we characterize bounds on the false reject probability, as a function of the threshold, for each pair of nominal and anomalous distributions and demonstrate the optimality of our test under the generalized Neyman-Pearson criterion. We first consider the case of at most one outlying sequence and then generalize our results to the case of multiple outlying sequences where the number of outlying sequences is unknown and each outlying sequence can follow a different anomalous distribution.
Gemeinsam stärker (2018)

Sozialwirtschaft (SW) , Seite 32 - 33
Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides with Chlorodifluoroacetamides and Chlorodifluoroacetate by Nickel Catalysis (2022)

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of heteroaryl halides with chlorodifluoroacetamides and chlorodifluoroacetate has been developed. The combination of NiCl<sub>2</sub> ⋅ DME with 4,4'-diNon-bpy, co-ligand PPh<sub>3</sub> , and additive LiCl renders the catalytic system efficient for the synthesis of medicinal interest heteroaryldifluoroacetamides. The application of the method leads to short and highly efficient synthesis of biologically active molecules, providing a facile route for applications in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry.
Agent-Task Assignation Based on Target Characteristics for a Swarm of Specialized Agents (2019)

A systemic agent-task specialized assignation approach for collaborative unmanned systems is introduced in this paper. It is formulated by matching specialized robotic agents with the recognition of specific characteristics on targets in an environment. The recognition stage leverages visual features detection on objects present in the surrounding of the robotic agents via embedded sensors. A given target's zone of influence is generally defined as a circular area surrounding any detected target object, with the latter corresponding to a specific task to be dealt with by a specialized robot. Within the zone of influence around a target a switching process for the leadership of the swarm is initiated. Appropriateness of assignation, smoothness and safety of the transition form the major factors of performance considered. The framework is formulated to deal with static and moving targets and their corresponding zone of influence, which leads to the consideration of overlapping task zones. The proposed system involves robots control, leader switching and agent-task assignation processes in relation with the detected target characteristics. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the proposed system, and demonstrate that an effective coordination of the specialized agents around the corresponding targets is achieved.
Medical Abbreviation and Acronym Meta-Inventory (2021)

Please refer to the manuscript or internal README files for details. This version contains a new license.
<title>Analysis of the Chandra x-ray observatory aspect camera PSF and its application to post-facto pointing aspect determination</title> (2001)

For the last 20 months, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (Weisskopf et. al. 2000) has been producing X-ray images of the universe in stunning detail. This is due in large part to the excellent post-facto pointing aspect determination for Chandra (Aldcroft et. al. 2000). This aspect determination performance is achieved using elliptical gaussian centroiding techniques. Application of point spread function (PSF) fitting using a true PSF model for the Aspect Camera Assembly (ACA) on Chandra could improve this performance. We have investigated the use of an ACA PSF model in the post-facto centroiding of stars and fiducial lights imaged by the ACA. We will present the methodologies explored for use in determining a model for the ACA PSF and discuss the results of a comparison of PSF fit centroiding and the current method of elliptical gaussian centroiding as they apply to post-facto aspect reconstruction. The first method of recovering the ACA PSF uses a raytrace model of the ACA to generate simulated stellar PSFs. In this method, the MACOS raytracing software package is used to describe each element of the Chandra aspect optical system. The second method investigated is the so called shift and add method whereby we build a high resolution image of the PSF by combining several thousand low resolution images of a single star collected by the ACA while tracking during normal science observations. The programmed dither of the spacecraft slowly sweeps the stellar image across the ACA focal plane, and the many slightly offset images are used to effectively increase the resolution of the resultant image of the star to a fraction of an ACA pixel. In each method, a library of PSF images is built at regularly gridded intervals across the ACA focal plane. This library is then used to interpolate a PSF at any desired position on the focal plane. We have used each method to reprocess the aspect solution of a set of archived Chandra observation and compare the results to one another and to the delivered post-facto aspect solution, currently derived using elliptical gaussian centroiding of ACA star images. Finally, we will present a summary of Chandra's aspect performance achieved to date, and discuss the effect of incorporating a PSF model into the post-facto aspect determination software.
Dependence of the stimulated Raman scattering threshold in droplets on the temporal stretching of a nanosecond laser pulse (2008)

Abstract For linear Raman spectroscopy in micro‐droplets the excitation laser energy and therefore the signal strength is limited either by the threshold for the excitation of nonlinear processes in the droplets or by the generation of a plasma (gas breakdown) in the vicinity of the droplets. These processes are due to the enhancement of the excitation field by morphology‐dependent resonances (MDRs) which are built up in the cavity synthesised by the droplets. As these stimulated signals disturb the detection of the linear signal it is of high interest for different applications to suppress the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) or to use an excitation intensity below the SRS threshold with a sufficiently large integrated laser energy to obtain an appropriate signal‐to‐noise ratio for the linear Raman process. In this paper the effect of temporal stretching of the incoming laser pulse with the help of an optical pulse stretcher on the SRS threshold is described and discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of human skin irritation by carboxylic acids, alcohols, esters and aldehydes, with nitrocellulose‐replica method and closed patch testing (1996)

Closed patch testing and the nitrocellulose-replica method are performed as useful clinical methods for the evaluation of human skin irritation by cosmetics and topical medicaments. Comparison of the sensitivity between microscopic scoring by nitrocellulose-replica method and visual scoring by closed patch test in the detection of skin irritation, however, has not been well studied with statistical analysis. Here, we evaluated human skin irritation by carboxylic acids, alcohols, esters and aldehydes, with different chain length (C8-C18), using both methods. The results of closed patch testing showed that, although the score of skin irritation for carboxylic acids (C8, C12), alcohols (C8) and aldehydes (C8), tested at a concentration of 0.5 m-2.0 m, significantly increased with increasing concentration of the test compounds, ester compounds scarcely caused any irritation on the surface of the skin occluded. In addition, an increase of carbon chain length in the test compounds made it impossible to detect skin irritation. In contrast, the nitrocellulose-replica method could evaluate skin reactions against very weak irritants that gave no macroscopic alterations on the skin surface in the closed patch test. However, the scoring system is somewhat subjective and should be improved to make the analysis more objective.
Analytical inverse kinematic solution for modularized 7-DoF redundant manipulators with offsets at shoulder and wrist (2014)

The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical inverse kinematic solution for a 7-DoF redundant manipulator with offsets at shoulder and wrist. Firstly, the key ingredient is to derive closed-form inverse kinematic solution using different joint as redundancy based on parameterization method. By having these redundant parameters,we obtain different null-space self-motion pattern of the arm. We then can select a proper redundant joint. The method is consistent with calculating augmented Jacobian matrix. Lastly, the derived equations are verified with a modularized 7-DoF manipulator with offsets at shoulder and wrist, which consists of modularized components designed and built by our laboratory.
Synthesis of Novel Mannoside Glycolipid Conjugates for Inhibition of HIV-1 Trans-Infection (2012)

Mannose-binding lectins, such as dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), are expressed at the surface of human dendritic cells (DCs) that capture and transmit human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to CD4+ cells. With the goal of reducing viral trans-infection by targeting DC-SIGN, we have designed a new class of mannoside glycolipid conjugates. We report the synthesis of amphiphiles composed of a mannose head, a hydrophilic linker essential for solubility in aqueous media, and a lipid chain of variable length. These conjugates presented unusual properties based on a cooperation between the mannoside head and the lipid chain, which enhanced the affinity and decreased the need for multivalency. With an optimal lipid length, they exhibited strong binding affinity for DC-SIGN (Kd in the micromolar range) as assessed by surface plasmon resonance. The most active molecules were branched trimannoside conjugates, able to inhibit the interaction of the HIV-1 envelope with DCs, and to drastically reduce trans-infection of HIV-1 mediated by DCs (IC50s in the low micromolar range). This new class of compounds may be of potential use for prevention of HIV-1 dissemination, and also of infection by other DC-SIGN-binding human pathogens.
Valorization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Diels–Alder reactions with benzyne (2018)

Biomass-derived 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid was valorized by conversion to 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid <italic>via</italic> benzyne-cycloaddition and reductive aromatization in 66% overall yield (four steps).