gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a 100 kW Heatpipe Reformer Operating on Lignite (2017)

The heatpipe reformer provides an allothermal gasification process for the generation of a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Heat pipes transport heat from a fluidized bed combustor to a steam-blown fluidized bed gasification reactor. The objective of the Institute of Energy Process Engineering (FAU-EVT) is the generation of hydrogen from the synthesis gas by means of in situ membrane separation in the fluidized bed gasification reactor. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art of the heatpipe reformer (HPR) technology as well as the recent development of the construction of the 100 kW pilot test stand at FAU-EVT and shows the results of a 24 h gasification operation. Lignite was used as feedstock. The results include the synthesis gas and tar composition, the temperature profile of the process, and the sulfur and hydrocarbon concentrations in the synthesis gas. Furthermore, the influence of gasification temperature and pressure on the synthesis gas composition and the influence of the gasification temperature on the tar composition are evaluated. In addition, the anticipated operation points of the HPR, depending on the temperature spread between combustor and reformer temperature and the HPR heat duty, are determined. The generated synthesis gas at gasification temperature of 800–930 °C had a tar content of 2.8–3.6 g/Nm3 and a H2S content of 1000–2000 ppm. Conversion of methane was quite high; its content in the synthesis gas was in the range of 4–7%, resulting in a high hydrogen content of up to 56%.
A new imaging strategy utilizing wideband transient response of ultrasound contrast agents (2004)

High resolution clinical systems operating near 15 MHz are just becoming available, however, they lack sensitive harmonic imaging modes for ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) detection, primarily due to limited bandwidth. When an UCA is driven to non-linear oscillation, a very wideband acoustic transient response is produced that extends beyond 15 MHz. We propose a novel strategy utilizing 2 separate transducers at widely separated frequencies and arranged confocally to simultaneously excite and receive acoustic transients from UCAs. Experiments were performed to demonstrate that this new mode shows similar resolution, higher echo amplitudes and greatly reduced attenuation compared to transmission at a higher frequency, and superior resolution compared to transmission and reception at lower frequency. The proposed method is shown to resolve two 200 /spl mu/m tubes with centers separated by 400 /spl mu/m strong acoustic transients were detected for rarefaction-first 1-cycle pulses starting at peak-negative pressures ranging from -300 to -400 kPa. The results of this work may lead to uses in flow and/or targeted imaging in applications requiring very high sensitivity to contrast agents.
Hyperalgesia and allodynia to superficial and deep-tissue mechanical stimulation within and outside of the UVB irradiated area in human skin (2014)

Background and aims The ultraviolet-B (UVB) inflammatory model is a well-established model of inflammatory pain. This study investigated whether UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation would enhance pain responses from the underlying deep somatic areas. Methods Skin inflammation was induced, in 24 healthy volunteers, by UVB irradiation (three times of the individual minimal erythema UVB dose) in square-shaped areas on the forearm and lower back. Assessments of cutaneous blood flow, pin-prick thresholds, pressure pain thresholds and tolerance, stimulus-response functions relating graded pressure stimulations and pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) were performed within and outside the irradiated area. Results Twenty-four hours after UVB irradiation, a significant increase in superficial blood flow in the irradiated skin area was demonstrated compared with baseline (P < 0.01) indicating that inflammation was induced. Compared with baseline, UVB irradiation significantly reduced the pin-prick thresholds, pressure pain thresholds and tolerance within and outside of the irradiated area (P < 0.05). The stimulus-response function was left-shifted compared with baseline both within and outside the irradiated area (P < 0.05) with a more pronounced left-shift within the irradiated area (P < 0.01). Application of topical anaesthesia 24h after irradiation in 5 subjects, both within and outside the irradiated area, could only increase the pin-prick thresholds outside the irradiated area. Conclusion The UVB irradiation of the skin not only provokes cutaneous primary and secondary hyper-algesia but also causes hyperalgesia to blunt pressure stimulations 24h after the UVB exposure. Implications The presented UVB model can be used as a translational model from animals into healthy subjects. This model can potentially be used to screen drug candidates with anti-inflammatory properties in early stages of drug development.
Real-time estimation of the parameters and fluxes of induction motors (1994)

The paper presents a new method for the real-time estimation of the parameters and fluxes of induction motors. The procedure is potentially useful for the design of self-commissioning drives, i.e., drives that can adjust controller parameters automatically for a wide range of motors and loads. Another possible application is for the detection of failures. In their recursive form, the algorithms can be used for adaptation to parameters that vary with time, and for estimation of the rotor fluxes in a field-oriented controlled drive.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Co2N/Co2Mo3O8 Heterostructure as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for an Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2021)

The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high intrinsic activity, abundant active sites, and good electrical conductivity is of vital importance for the market penetration of clean energy technologies. We herein report a facile synthesis of a self-supported Co<sub>2</sub>N/CoN/Co<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> heterostructured catalyst on cobalt foam (CF) by a hydrothermal process followed by nitridation treatment. Our first-principles calculations revealed that Co<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> and Co<sub>2</sub>N could work in concert to provide active sites for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The hierarchical and nanoporous architecture of the Co<sub>2</sub>N/CoN/Co<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> catalyst ensured an abundance of accessible active sites. The direct growth of metalloid Co<i><sub>x</sub></i>N nanoparticles on the defective Co<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> substrate endowed the catalyst with good electrical conductivity. As a consequence, the Co<sub>2</sub>N/CoN/Co<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>/CF catalyst showed extraordinarily high activity and good stability toward the alkaline HER, outperforming most existing non-precious electrocatalysts. In particular, it exhibited a comparable catalytic performance to the commercial Pt/C catalyst at a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>.
MPEG coding performance improvement by jointly optimizing coding mode decisions and rate control (1997)

This paper presents a new algorithm for determining the optimal MPEG coding strategy in terms of the selection of macroblock coding modes and quantizer scales. In the algorithm proposed in the test model the rate control operates independently from the coding mode selection for each macroblock. The coding mode is decided based only upon the energy of predictive residues. Actually, the two processes of coding mode decision and rate control are intimately related to each other and should be determined jointly in order to achieve optimal coding performance. We formulate the constrained optimization problem and present solutions based upon rate-distortion characteristics, or R(D) curves, for all the macroblocks that compose the picture being coded. Distortion for the entire picture is assumed to be decomposable and expressible as a function of individual macroblock distortions, with this being the objective function to minimize. The determination of the optimal solution is complicated by the MPEG differential encoding of motion vectors and DC coefficients, which introduce dependencies that carry over from macroblock to macroblock for a duration equal to the slice length. As an approximation, a near optimum greedy algorithm is proposed. Once the upper bound in performance is calculated, it can be used to assess how well practical suboptimum methods perform. Finally, such a practical suboptimum algorithm is proposed and evaluated.
P‐411: The Analysis of the Electric‐Field Distortion and Abnormal Light‐Transmission Characteristics Due to Foreign Particles in IPS‐ and TN‐LCDS (1999)

Abstract The distortion of electric field and abnormal light transmission characteristics due to foreign particles were studied in IPS and TN mode TFT LCD. The dielectric and ionic particles with varying sizes were considered for the simulation according to their electric characteristics. The simulation shows that the foreign particle introduced into a pixel changes the electric fields within a pixel and affects the light transmission characteristics of the pixel. In both TN and IPS mode TFT LCD, the presence of the ionic particle affects the light transmittance a great deal.
Biomarker evidence of algal-microbial community changes linked to redox and salinity variation, Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Tennessee, USA) (2020)

Abstract Late Devonian marine systems were characterized by major environmental perturbations and associated biotic community changes linked to climate change and widespread oceanic anoxia. Here, we provide high-resolution lipid biomarker chemostratigraphic records from the Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Tennessee, USA) to investigate algal-microbial community changes in the southern Illinois Basin that were related to contemporaneous shifts in marine redox (as proxied by trace metals, Fe-species, and Corg/P) and salinity conditions (as proxied by B/Ga, Sr/Ba, and S/total organic carbon). The Frasnian was characterized by dominantly bacterial lipids (high hopane/sterane), near-marine salinity, and a shift from oxic to increasingly reducing conditions in response to increasing organic carbon sinking fluxes. Aryl isoprenoids and aryl isoprenoid ratios reveal that the O2-H2S chemocline was unstable and intermittently shallow (i.e., within the photic zone). The Frasnian-Famennian boundary was marked by a shift in microalgal community composition toward green algal (e.g., prasinophyte) dominance (lower C27 and higher C28 and C29 steranes), a sharp reduction in watermass salinity, and a stable O2-H2S chemocline below the photic zone, conditions that persisted until nearly the end of the Famennian. We infer that changing watermass conditions, especially a sharp reduction in salinity to possibly low-brackish conditions (&amp;lt;10 psu), were the primary cause of concurrent changes in the microalgal community, reflecting tolerance of low-salinity conditions by green algae. Transient spikes in moretane/hopane (M/H) ratios may record enhanced terrestrial weathering at the Frasnian-Famennian and Devonian–Carboniferous boundaries, triggered by coeval glacio-eustatic falls and increased inputs of soil organic matter. High M/H and pristane/phytane, in combination with low chemical index of alteration and K/Al, record a decrease in chemical weathering intensity during the Famennian that may have been due to contemporaneous climatic cooling, and a concurrent reduction in silt content may reflect stabilization of land surfaces by vascular plants and resulting reduced sediment yields. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining organic and inorganic geochemical proxies (including novel paleosalinity indices) for determination of environmental controls on the composition and productivity of plankton communities in paleomarine systems.
Edubase Cloud: Cloud platform for cloud education (2012)

Education of cloud engineers will be crucial for the continued development of cloud technologies. We have developed an open-source software platform called edubase Cloud for education. The platform has multi-cloud architecture. In this paper, we discuss how edubase Cloud provides an alterable cloud platform and how effective it is for educating cloud engineers.
Gastric Cascade: A Diagnosis without Clinical Importance? (1983)

The clinical importance of the radiological diagnosis gastric cascade has been discussed for many years. In the present study, a group of patients with gastric cascades as their only radiologic gastric finding was compared with a group of patients without any pathological radiologic findings in their stomach. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to abdominal symptoms between the two groups. Furthermore, it was shown that even a slight bending of the body is sufficient to eliminate totally a gastric cascade.
Synthesis of Propylene/1‐Butene Copolymers with Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst in Gas‐Phase Copolymerizations, 1 (2005)

Abstract Summary: The appropriate choice of comonomers can be used to create a wide range of polymer properties, leading to considerable improvement of product performance. Experimental runs were performed to evaluate the effect of 1‐butene on the crystallinity, the melt temperature and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the final propylene/1‐butene copolymer resins. According to the results obtained, the melt temperature of the copolymer material can be reduced significantly compared to that of the polypropylene homopolymer. The incorporation of 1‐butene into the copolymer chain leads to a decrease of the sealing initiation temperatures of propylene polymer resins. GPC analyses of copolymer samples showed that 1‐butene concentration does not seem to significantly influence either the shape of the MWD or the polydispersity indexes for a given set of reaction conditions. Therefore, a family of propylene/1‐butene random copolymers grades can be successfully developed for gas phase processes for packaging and film applications. magnified image
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A novel Toll-like receptor that recognizes vesicular stomatitis virus. (2011)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key molecular sensors used by the mammalian innate immune system to detect various types of pathogens. Tlr13 is a novel and uncharacterized member of the mammalian TLR family. Here we report the cloning and characterization of tlr13. Tlr13 is predominantly expressed in the spleen, particularly in dendritic cells and macrophages. Tlr13 appears to activate a MyD88- and TAK1-dependent TLR signaling pathway, inducing the activation of NF-κB. This receptor can also activate type 1 interferon through IRF7. Furthermore, Tlr13 seems to be another intracellular TLR. Remarkably, cells expressing tlr13 fail to respond to known TLR ligands but instead respond specifically to vesicular stomatitis virus. Cells with the knockdown of tlr13 are highly susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. Thus, these results provide an important insight into the potential role of the novel Toll-like receptor tlr13 in the recognition of viral infection. PMID: 21131352 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI085164 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R56 AI085164
Effects of organ-specific loss of insulin-like growth factor-I production on murine hematopoiesis (2004)

To determine whether circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has a role in hematopoiesis, we examined hematologic parameters in mice with markedly reduced serum levels resulting from a liver-specific inactivation of the IGF-I gene. These mice have normal postnatal growth and development, suggesting that local production of IGF-I can maintain anabolic effects. Liver-specific IGF-I-deficient (LID) mice were compared with control littermates with regard to hematopoietic parameters. Spleen cellularity was decreased in the LID mice compared with control mice. Spleen myeloid progenitors, as determined by colony-forming units-granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-GM) and colony-forming units-high proliferative potential (CFU-HPP), were significantly decreased in the LID mice. Immune parameters, as indicated by the absolute number of B and T cells, did not significantly differ between the knockout and control mice. In contrast to the decreased cellularity and myelopoiesis in the spleen, bone marrow cellularity was not different between the 2 groups, but the total femoral content of CFU-GM and CFU-HPP was significantly increased in the LID mice. The decrease in splenic myelopoiesis was not due to the inability of progenitors to exit the bone marrow, because CFU-GM and burst-forming units-erythroid were significantly increased in the blood of LID mice compared with normal littermates. Administration of exogenous IGF-I to the LID mice for 4 days partially restored myelopoietic parameters in the spleen. Liver production of IGF-I and, therefore, normal serum levels of this hormone, although not necessary for general organ growth and development, seems necessary for survival or transition of myeloid progenitors into the spleen.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Cyanochloroacetamidine (II) ‐ A Convenient Reagent for the Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Diaminopyrimidines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards a soft pneumatic glove for hand rehabilitation (2013)

This paper presents preliminary results for the design, development and evaluation of a hand rehabilitation glove fabricated using soft robotic technology. Soft actuators comprised of elastomeric materials with integrated channels that function as pneumatic networks (PneuNets), are designed and geometrically analyzed to produce bending motions that can safely conform with the human finger motion. Bending curvature and force response of these actuators are investigated using geometrical analysis and a finite element model (FEM) prior to fabrication. The fabrication procedure of the chosen actuator is described followed by a series of experiments that mechanically characterize the actuators. The experimental data is compared to results obtained from FEM simulations showing good agreement. Finally, an open-palm glove design and the integration of the actuators to it are described, followed by a qualitative evaluation study.
Design of a New Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on a Substituted A2BO4+δ Perovskite for the Voltammetric Detection of Glucose (2020)

Abstract Instant determination of glucose levels is necessary to monitor the treatment of diabetes. The next generation of electrochemical sensors aims to eliminate the use of enzymes because of their lack of stability and the complex procedure to immobilize them on the electrode. In this paper Pr 1.92 Ba 0.08 Ni0. 95 Zn 0.05 O 4+δ perovskite, a A 2 BO 4+δ type, was tested, for the first time for non enzymatic detection of glucose. It was synthesized by a sol‐gel method. The obtained crystallized powder was structurally characterized by XRD, morphologically characterized by SEM and EDX and electrochemically characterized. A monoclinic crystallographic system was formed. The presence of Pr 2 O 3 during synthesis and calcination is in agreement with the formation of defects in the crystalline network and the disproportionation of Ni III sites into Ni II and Ni IV , due to the substitution of Pr by Ba. The oxido‐reduction of Ni II sites is observed by cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose through the electrooxidized Ni II site was observed on a gold electrode, at 481 mV. The analytical performance of this glucose sensor is good in comparison to previously published ABO 3 perovskite modified electrodes, in terms of dynamic range (1.5 μM–7000 μM) and detection limit (0.5 μM). Its application to human serum shows that there is no interference for glucose detection.
Novel glucokinase activators: a patent review (2008 – 2010) (2010)

There continues to be a high level of interest within the pharmaceutical industry in novel GKAs. Several new and highly potent structure types were reported for the first time in the past 3 years. Common features of all of them include a hydrogen bond donor-acceptor pair that makes contact with the backbone CO- and NH- bonds of Arg 63 residue on GK and two hydrophobic groups. During this review period, several GKAs progressed to Phase II clinical testing and the data on their safety and efficacy profiles are eagerly awaited.
Abstract 16199: Hemodynamic Effect of CoreValve Size and Position for Valve-in-valve Implantation in Small Surgical Bioprostheses: An in vitro Study (2016)

Introduction: Valve-in-Valve (ViV) has emerged as a valuable alternative to treat failed surgical bioprostheses (BP) in patients at high surgical-risk. However, this procedure is often associated w...
Pull-In Behavior of Electrostatically Actuated Multistable Microstructures (2007)

We present an analysis of the electromechanical behavior and stability of a capacitive-based Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) device with non-monotonous stiffness-deflection dependence. As an example, we consider a flexible initially curved double clamped micro beam actuated by a distributed electrostatic force. Since the system exhibits both mechanical snap-through buckling and electrostatic pull-in instability, the equilibrium curve has two bifurcation points implying the existence of multiple equilibrium configurations. The multistability phenomenon described in the present work is a result of interaction between mechanical and electrostatic nonlinearities of the system and differs from the electrostatic pull-in based bistability and mechanical bistability associated with the snap-through buckling. The governing equations of the geometrically nonlinear curved Euler-Bernoulli beam are formulated in the framework of the shallow arch approximation. Actuating force is calculated using second order perturbation solution of the Laplace equation for an electric potential. A coupled electro mechanical model is built by the Rayleigh-Ritz method with linear undamped eigenmodes of a straight beam as base functions. After verification of the model results, we analyze the influence of initial geometry of the beam on the location (in terms of actuation voltage and deflections) of the critical points on the bifurcation diagram. It was found that for snap-through to take place, the initial elevation of the beam should be larger than a certain value whereas the existence of electrical pull-in instability is unconditional. In addition, the stable relative deflection of a curved beam is larger than of initially straight beam. Based on the model results, we present an example of a multistable actuator design. Devices of various configurations were fabricated of single crystal silicon using deep reactive ion etching and the existence of multiple stable states and multiple instability points was demonstrated experimentally.
Structural, electrical, and optical analysis of ion implanted semi-insulating InP (2003)

Semi-insulating InP was implanted with MeV P, As, Ga, and In ions, and the resulting evolution of structural properties with increased annealing temperature was analyzed using double crystal x-ray diffractometry and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. The types of damage identified are correlated with scanning spreading resistance and scanning capacitance measurements, as well as with previously measured Hall effect and time resolved photoluminescence results. We have identified multiple layers of conductivity in the samples which occur due to the nonuniform damage profile of a single implant. Our structural studies have shown that the amount and type of damage caused by implantation does not scale with implant ion atomic mass.