gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slowing Down and Scattering of Ions in Solids (1990)

The interaction of particle beams with solids yields three parts, i.e. reflected particles, penetrating particles and trapped particles. At very low energies particle reflection is dominant, at very high energies penetration is the most important effect. Trapped particles are the result of energy loss processes, which on the other hand cause radiation damage in the solid. In the energy range discussed here, i.e. above energies where quantum effects, diffraction etc. are important and below energies where nuclear reactions, relativistic effects etc. may occur, the particle trajectories are classical. The energy loss process can be treated separately as nuclear and electronic stopping power. The collisions of the projectiles with target atoms are hence binary collisions involving a properly chosen screened Coulomb-potential. In single crystals the structural properties enable channeling, which is a very useful tool in sol id state analysis. The electronic stopping includes contributions from single collision processes and collective excitations. Both effects can be described by a dielectric response function. The range of applications covers analytical methods, means to modify solid state properties and also the production of thin films.
High efficiency dry coating of non-subcoated pellets for sustained drug release formulations using amino methacrylate copolymers (2017)

Dry coating utilizing a fluidized bed was evaluated in order to produce films with sustained drug release using amino methacrylate copolymers as film former. In contrast to other dry coating procedures using amino methacrylate copolymers, the described method enables an appropriate polymer adhesion by the selection of a plasticizer additive mixture in combination with the use of a three-way nozzle for simultaneous application. Well spreading fatty acid esters were found to increase the coating efficiency from 73% to approximately 86%, when they were used in conjunction with the plasticizer. Pellets were used as drug cores without previous treatment. After a curing step at 55 °C, the pellets exhibited a prolongation of the drug release over a period of about 6 h. Mainly the three parameters, coating level, composition of the polymers in the coating mixture, and the type of plasticizer, were found to exert distinct influence on the dissolution profile. Despite the differences in the coating procedure, the dissolution profiles of the coated pellets as well as the influencing parameters were similar to those known from conventional coating techniques.
The effects of serotonin agonists and antagonists on the response properties of complex ganglion cells in the rabbit's retina (1988)

Selective agonists and antagonists were employed to determine the role of indoleaminergic amacrine cells in the generation of the light-evoked responses and spontaneous activity of direction and orientation selective cells. Perfusion with 5-HT2 antagonists reduced the spontaneous activity and both the leading and trailing edge responses of ON/OFF direction selective cells. 5-HT1a agonists had a similar effect on this class of cell, namely, a reduction of light-evoked and spontaneous activity. Results from ON-center and OFF-center orientation selective cells were consistent with those obtained from direction selective cells in that no disruption of direction or orientation selectivity was observed during perfusion of these drugs. These data suggest that the indoleaminergic cells are not directly involved in the generation of the trigger features of complex ganglion cells, but may be facilitating synaptic transmission in the inner retina. This function is discussed relative to the connectivity of the rod bipolar cells and the putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells. The similarity of the effects of 5-HT1a agonists and 5-HT2 antagonists supports the hypothesis, developed during our prior studies of brisk ganglion cells, that these two receptor classes mediate antagonistic processes in the target neurons.
Efficient Hardware Implementation of Fp-Arithmetic for Pairing-Friendly Curves (2011)

This paper describes a new method to speed up {\hbox{\rlap{I}\kern 2.0pt{\hbox{F}}}}_p-arithmetic in hardware for pairing-friendly curves, such as the well-known Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curves. We explore the characteristics of the modulus defined by these curves and choose curve parameters such that {\hbox{\rlap{I}\kern 2.0pt{\hbox{F}}}}_p multiplication becomes more efficient. The proposed algorithm uses Montgomery reduction in a polynomial ring combined with a coefficient reduction phase using a pseudo-Mersenne number. As an application, we show that the performance of pairings on BN curves in hardware can be significantly improved, resulting in a factor 2.5 speedup compared with state-of-the-art hardware implementations.
TPC-W E-Commerce Benchmark Using Javlin/ObjectStore. (2000)

These data suggest that 9p21 but not 3p14 or 3p21 deletions occur in the absence of histologic changes. In two cases preinvasive and invasive lesions that apparently were an example of histologic progression contained disparate genetic events, calling into question the use of adjacent dysplasia as a model for premalignant lesions.
Reactions and applications (2013)

VOLUME ONE - Privileged Catalysts PART I: AMINO ACID-DERIVED CATALYSTS Proline-Related Secondary Amine Catalysts and Applications TMS-Prolinol Catalyst in Organocatalysis Non-Proline Amino Acid Catalysts Chiral Imidazolidinone (MacMillan's Catalyst) Oligopeptides as Modular Organocatalytic Scaffolds PART II: NON-AMINO ACID-DERIVED CATALYSTS Cinchonas and Cupreidines Chiral C2 Catalysts Planar Chiral Catalysts Dynamic Approaches towards Catalyst Discovery VOLUME TWO - Activations PART I: ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS WITH NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS Bronsted Acids Bronsted Acids: Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis Bronsted Acids: Chiral (Thio)urea Derivatives Bronsted Bases Chiral Onium Salts (Phase-Transfer Reactions) Lewis Bases Lewis Acids PART II: ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS WITH COVALENT INTERACTIONS Rationalizing Reactivity and Selectivity in Aminocatalytic Reactions Carbene Catalysts Oxides and Epoxides Ylides PART III: TUNING CATALYST ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY BY THE REACTION MEDIUM AND CONDITIONS Non-Classical Activation of Organocatalytic Reactions (Pressure, Microwave Irradiation) Ionic Liquid Organocatalysts Polymer and Mesoporous Material Supported Organocatalysts Water in Organocatalytic Reactions VOLUME THREE - Reactions and Applications PART I: ALPHA-ALKYLATION AND HETEROATOM FUNCTIONALIZATION SN2-Type Alpha-Alkylation and Allylation Reactions Alpha-Alkylation by SN1-Type Reactions Alpha-Heteroatom Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds PART II: NUCLEOPHILE ADDITION TO C=X BONDS Aldol and Mannich-Type Reactions Additions of Nitroalkyls and Sulfones to C=X Hydrocyanation and Strecker Reactions The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) and Hetero-MBH Reactions Reduction of C=O and C=N PART III: NUCLEOPHILE ADDITION TO C=C BONDS Addition to Alpha, Beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Addition to Nitroolefins and Vinyl Sulfones Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Arylation and Heteroarylation Reactions PART IV: RING-FORMING REACTIONS Intramolecular Reactions Formation of 3-, 4- and 5-Membered Cycles by Intermolecular Reactions Diels-Alder and Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions PART V: INCREASING COMPLEXITY Organocatalytic Radical and Electron Transfer Reactions Organocatalytic Sigmatropic Reactions Regio- and Position Selective Reactions and Desymmetrizations Three or More Components Reactions (Single Catalyst Systems) Multi-Catalyst Systems Organocatalysis in Total Synthesis
Information Gap Decision Theory based congestion and voltage management in the presence of uncertain wind power (2016)

Summary form only given: The supply of electrical energy is being increasingly sourced from renewable generation. The variability and uncertainty of renewable generation, compared to a dispatchable plant, is a significant dissimilarity of concern to the traditionally reliable and robust power system. This change is driving the power system towards a more flexible entity that carries greater amounts of reserve. For congestion management purposes it is of benefit to know the probable and possible renewable generation dispatch, but to what extent will these variations effect the management of congestion on the system? Reactive power generation from wind generators and demand response flexibility are the decision variables here in a risk averse multi-period AC optimal power flow (OPF) seeking to manage congestion on distribution systems. Information Gap Decision Theory is used to address the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation. In addition, this work considers the natural benefits to the congestion on a system from the over estimation of wind forecast; providing an opportunistic schedule for both demand response nodes and reactive power provision from distributed generation.
Weighted Cross-Layer Cooperative Beamforming for Wireless Networks (2009)

In wireless networks, implementing cooperative beamforming (CB) can enable long-range communications in an energy efficient manner. By appropriately weighting and forwarding message signals, the cooperating nodes form one or more beams to cooperatively transmit one or more message signals to the desired destinations. In this paper, a cross-layer CB framework recently proposed by the authors is revisited and optimal weight design is considered. For single-beam beamforming, closed-form optimal weights that maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under a transmit power constraint are derived. It is shown that these weights also achieve maximal spectral efficiency. For multibeam beamforming, determining the weights that maximize spectral efficiency is in general a difficult problem, and two suboptimal weight designs (co-phasing weights and nulling weights) are proposed. Co-phasing weights allow desired signals to combine coherently at destinations and require local channel state information (CSI); nulling weights completely cancel interference at destinations and require global CSI.
Synthesis and antiviral activities of a novel class of thioflavone and flavonoid analogues (2012)

A novel class of thioflavone and flavonoid derivatives has been prepared and their antiviral activities against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and the coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and B6 (CVB6) were evaluated. Compounds 7d and 9b showed potent antiviral activities against EV71 with IC50 values of 8.27 and 5.48 μM, respectively. Compound 7f, which has been synthesized for the first time in this work, showed the highest level of inhibitory activity against both CVB3 and CVB6 with an IC50 value of 0.62 and 0.87 μM. Compounds 4b, 7a, 9c and 9e also showed strong inhibitory activities against both the CVB3 and CVB6 at low concentrations (IC50=1.42−7.15 μM), whereas compounds 4d, 7c, 7e and 7g showed strong activity against CVB6 (IC50=2.91–3.77 μM) together with low levels of activity against CVB3. Compound 7d exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against CVB3 (IC50=6.44 μM) than CVB6 (IC50>8.29 μM). The thioflavone derivatives 7a, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f and 7g, represent a new class of lead compounds for the development of novel antiviral agents.
Identification of Plakoglobin Domains Required for Association with N-cadherin and α-Catenin (1995)

Cadherins are calcium-dependent, cell surface glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion. To function in cell-cell adhesion, the transmembrane cadherin molecule must be associated with the cytoskeleton via cytoplasmic proteins known as catenins. Three catenins, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin (also known as plakoglobin), have been identified. The domain of the cadherin molecule important for its interaction with the catenins has been mapped to the COOH-terminal 70 amino acids, but less is known about regions of the catenins that allow them to associate with one another or with the cadherin molecule. In this study we have transfected carboxyl-terminal deletions of plakoglobin into the human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and used immunofluorescence localization and co-immunoprecipitation to map the regions of plakoglobin that allow it to associate with N-cadherin and with alpha-catenin. Plakoglobin is an armadillo family member containing 13 weakly similar internal repeats. These data show that the alpha-catenin-binding region maps within the first repeat and the N-cadherin-binding region maps within repeats 7 and 8.
Lava Lamp-Induced Methemoglobinemia in Dementia: A Case Report (2022)

An elderly patient with progressive dementia presented with nonspecific symptoms of fatigue, skin discoloration, shortness of breath, and altered mental status. She quickly developed respiratory failure requiring emergent endotracheal intubation. Initial laboratory results revealed methemoglobinemia levels greater than 30% with blood appearing black in hue. The etiology of her acute symptoms and the inciting substance of the disease was an ongoing discussion with the patient's family, which ultimately revealed accidental ingestion of lava lamp fluid as the cause. Although rare, methemoglobinemia is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. When a thorough history fails to reveal a possible source, alternative origins should be investigated, such as household products.
A robot path planning framework that learns from experience (2012)

We propose a framework, called Lightning, for planning paths in high-dimensional spaces that is able to learn from experience, with the aim of reducing computation time. This framework is intended for manipulation tasks that arise in applications ranging from domestic assistance to robot-assisted surgery. Our framework consists of two main modules, which run in parallel: a planning-from-scratch module, and a module that retrieves and repairs paths stored in a path library. After a path is generated for a new query, a library manager decides whether to store the path based on computation time and the generated path's similarity to the retrieved path. To retrieve an appropriate path from the library we use two heuristics that exploit two key aspects of the problem: (i) A correlation between the amount a path violates constraints and the amount of time needed to repair that path, and (ii) the implicit division of constraints into those that vary across environments in which the robot operates and those that do not. We evaluated an implementation of the framework on several tasks for the PR2 mobile manipulator and a minimally-invasive surgery robot in simulation. We found that the retrieve-and-repair module produced paths faster than planning-from-scratch in over 90% of test cases for the PR2 and in 58% of test cases for the minimally-invasive surgery robot.
Topical haemostatic agents (2008)

A significant body of evidence now exists to support the use of topical haemostatic agents in a wide variety of clinical situations. The advantages and disadvantages of many of these agents are highlighted.
Liquid Crystalline Perylene Diimides:  Architecture and Charge Carrier Mobilities (2000)

The phase behavior of three N-alkyl-substituted perylene diimide derivatives is examined by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The occurrence of multiple phase transitions indicates several crystalline and several liquid crystalline phases. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the liquid crystalline phases display high structural ordering in all three dimensions: smectic layers are formed, and within these smectic layers an additional ordering in columns is observed. Molecular modeling confirms this result and substantiates smectic ordering with interdigitating alkyl chains that determine the distance between the smectic layers. The ordering in columns is favored by π−π interactions between the cofacially oriented perylene molecules and by the elliptic shape of the molecule. Finally, intermolecular dipole−dipole interactions between the carbonyl groups of the imide moieties cause the perylene molecules to orient on average with a slight rotation between neighboring molecules within a columnar stack. Following the determination of the electronic transition dipole moment, this orientation, which still involves substantial π−π interactions, could be confirmed by UV/vis spectroscopy of perylene aggregates. To gauge the potential of these materials as organic semiconductors, the charge carrier mobility of one of the perylene derivatives has been measured by pulse-radiolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity. A value in excess of 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 is found in the liquid crystalline phase, and a value in excess of 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 is found for the crystalline phase. These values are comparable with the highest values previously found for other discotic materials.
[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a forgotten minimally invasive technique]. (2001)

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is safe and feasible technique which should have a useful place in the management of sessile adenomas of the mid and upper rectum. Its role in the management of rectal cancer is limited, although it may be appropriate for carefully selected cases.
A self‐limiting regulation of vasoconstrictor‐activated TRPC3/C6/C7 channels coupled to PI(4,5)P2‐diacylglycerol signalling (2011)

Activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) canonical TRPC3/C6/C7 channels by diacylglycerol (DAG) upon stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled receptors results in the breakdown of phosphoinositides (PIPs). The critical importance of PIPs to various ion-transporting molecules is well documented, but their function in relation to TRPC3/C6/C7 channels remains controversial. By using an ectopic voltage-sensing PIP phosphatase (DrVSP), we found that dephosphorylation of PIPs robustly inhibits currents induced by carbachol (CCh), 1-oleolyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) or RHC80267 in TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPC7 channels, though the strength of the DrVSP-mediated inhibition (VMI) varied among the channels with a rank order of C7>C6>C3. Pharmacological and molecular interventions suggest that depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P₂) is most likely the critical event for VMI in all three channels.When the PLC catalytic signal was vigorously activated through overexpression of the muscarinic type-I receptor (M1R), the inactivation of macroscopic TRPC currents was greatly accelerated in the same rank order as the VMI, and VMI of these currents was attenuated or lost. VMI was also rarely detected in vasopressin-induced TRPC6-like currents inA7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating that the inactivation by PI(4,5)P₂ depletion underlies the physiological condition. Simultaneous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based measurement of PI(4,5)P₂ levels and TRPC6 currents confirmed that VMI magnitude reflects the degree of PI(4,5)P₂ depletion. These results demonstrate that TRPC3/C6/C7 channels are differentially regulated by depletion of PI(4,5)P₂, and that the bimodal signal produced by PLC activation controls these channels in a self-limiting manner.
Modified Cav1.4 Expression in the Cacna1fnob2 Mouse Due to Alternative Splicing of an ETn Inserted in Exon 2 (2008)

The Cacna1f(nob2) mouse is reported to be a naturally occurring null mutation for the Ca(v)1.4 calcium channel gene and the phenotype of this mouse is not identical to that of the targeted gene knockout model. We found two mRNA species in the Cacna1f(nob2) mouse: approximately 90% of the mRNA represents a transcript with an in-frame stop codon within exon 2 of CACNA1F, while approximately 10% of the mRNA represents a transcript in which alternative splicing within the ETn element has removed the stop codon. This latter mRNA codes for full length Ca(v)1.4 protein, detectable by Western blot analysis that is predicted to differ from wild type Ca(v)1.4 protein in a region of approximately 22 amino acids in the N-terminal portion of the protein. Electrophysiological analysis with either mouse Ca(v)1.4(wt) or Ca(v)1.4(nob2) cDNA revealed that the alternatively spliced protein does not differ from wild type with respect to activation and inactivation characteristics; however, while the wild type N-terminus interacted with filamin proteins in a biochemical pull-down experiment, the alternatively spliced N-terminus did not. The Cacna1f(nob2) mouse electroretinogram displayed reduced b-wave and oscillatory potential amplitudes, and the retina was morphologically disorganized, with substantial reduction in thickness of the outer plexiform layer and sprouting of bipolar cell dendrites ectopically into the outer nuclear layer. Nevertheless, the spatial contrast sensitivity (optokinetic response) of Cacna1f(nob2) mice was generally similar to that of wild type mice. These results suggest the Cacna1f(nob2) mouse is not a CACNA1F knockout model. Rather, alternative splicing within the ETn element can lead to full-length Ca(v)1.4 protein, albeit at reduced levels, and the functional Ca(v)1.4 mutant may be incapable of interacting with cytoskeletal filamin proteins. These changes, do not alter the ability of the Cacna1f(nob2) mouse to detect and follow moving sine-wave gratings compared to their wild type counterparts.
Kleine-Levin syndrome is associated with birth difficulties and genetic variants in the TRANK1 gene loci (2021)

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder characterized by severe episodic hypersomnia, with cognitive impairment accompanied by apathy or disinhibition. Pathophysiology is unknown, although imaging studies indicate decreased activity in hypothalamic/thalamic areas during episodes. Familial occurrence is increased, and risk is associated with reports of a difficult birth. We conducted a worldwide case-control genome-wide association study in 673 KLS cases collected over 14 y, and ethnically matched 15,341 control individuals. We found a strong genome-wide significant association (rs71947865, Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.48, <i>P</i> = 8.6 × 10<sup>-9</sup>) within the 3'region of <i>TRANK1</i> gene locus, previously associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Strikingly, KLS cases with rs71947865 variant had significantly increased reports of a difficult birth. As perinatal outcomes have dramatically improved over the last 40 y, we further stratified our sample by birth years and found that recent cases had a significantly reduced rs71947865 association. While the rs71947865 association did not replicate in the entire follow-up sample of 171 KLS cases, rs71947865 was significantly associated with KLS in the subset follow-up sample of 59 KLS cases who reported birth difficulties (OR = 1.54, <i>P</i> = 0.01). Genetic liability of KLS as explained by polygenic risk scores was increased (pseudo <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.15; <i>P</i> < 2.0 × 10<sup>-22</sup> at <i>P</i> = 0.5 threshold) in the follow-up sample. Pathway analysis of genetic associations identified enrichment of circadian regulation pathway genes in KLS cases. Our results suggest links between KLS, circadian regulation, and bipolar disorder, and indicate that the <i>TRANK1</i> polymorphisms in conjunction with reported birth difficulties may predispose to KLS.
R-PCNN Method to Rapidly Detect Objects on THz Images in Human Body Security Checks (2018)

Terahertz human body security images have low resolution and a low signal-to-noise ratio. In the traditional method, image segmentation, positioning, and identification are applied to detect objects carried by humans in the THz images. However, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of detection accuracy and speed with this approach. The current research presents a faster detection framework (R-PCNN) combining the preprocessing and structure optimization of Faster R-CNN. The experiment results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy and speed of object detection in human body THz images. A detection accuracy of 84.5% can be achieved in dense flow scenes, with an average detection time of less than 20 milliseconds for each image.