gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foreigners under the Constituent Assembly (2000)

The French Revolution had global significance because the French had not asserted historical, prescriptive claims, but their rights purely and simply as human beings. When it came to the reality of foreigners in general, however, the revolutionaries were faced with a myriad of pressures that often exerted their force in different directions. The cosmopolitan implications of the rights of man were often restrained by the revolutionaries, aware as they were of France's own political and military limitations. When the Constituent Assembly embarked on its reform of France and was faced with the privileges of certain types of foreigners, it could not sweep them aside as easily as it did those belonging to French people, because often those privileges had been based on diplomatic considerations. Such concerns prevented the full application of the nationalizing tendencies and the egalitarian ideals of 1789 under the Constituent Assembly.
Secure Index Coding with Security Constraints on Receivers (2020)

Index coding is concerned with efficient broadcast of a set of messages to receivers in the presence of receiver side information. In this paper, we study the secure index coding problem with security constraints on the receivers themselves. That is, for each receiver there is a single legitimate message it needs to decode and a prohibited message list, none of which should be decoded by that receiver. To this end, our contributions are threefold. We first introduce a secure linear coding scheme, which is an extended version of the fractional local partial clique covering scheme that was originally devised for non-secure index coding. We then develop two information-theoretic bounds on the performance of any valid secure index code, namely secure polymatroidal outer bound (on the capacity region) and secure maximum acyclic induced subgraph lower bound (on the broadcast rate). The structure of these bounds leads us to further develop two necessary conditions for a given index coding problem to be securely feasible (i.e., to have nonzero rates).
The cement apparatus of larval and adult Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) (1998)

Light and electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructure of the cement apparatus, namely cement glands and cement ducts of mature specimens of the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis Müller, 1776, recovered from the digestive tracts of fish Leuciscus cephalus Risso, 1826. In addition, the cement glands of immature P. laevis found within the body cavity of the fish Alburnus alburnus alborella De Filippi, 1844 were examined. In a mature male of P. laevis the 6 cement glands are rounded to oval in shape and each of them has an outer cytoplasmic layer containing nuclei and surrounding a space for storage of the cement material within the gland. The nuclei have an irregular outline and the cytoplasm of the cells contains round, membrane-bound secretory granules approximately 1 micron in diameter. Nuclei surrounded by secretory granules were present inside the gland lumen. Within the gland ducts of mature males, granules were present within the wall thickness and, inside the luminal area, mitochondria were encountered. In contrast, within the cement glands of immature P. laevis there were no secretory granules and the chromatin of the nuclei appeared condensed. The nature of the secretory product of the cement glands was investigated with histological and electrophoretic methods. A protein with molecular weight of 23 kDa was recorded as a major component of cement.
Bragg Gratings Inscription in TS-Doped PMMA POF by Using 248-nm KrF Pulses (2018)

We demonstrate the Bragg gratings inscription in the 850-nm spectral region by using trans-4-stilbenemethanol-doped poly methyl methacrylate step-index optical fiber and a 248-nm krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser system. The gratings inscription only takes 0.4 s. A detailed study of the grating fabrication process using different pulse repetition rates is also reported. In addition, temperature, humidity, and strain sensitivities are measured to demonstrate the potentiality of these components for different sensing applications.
Reversible watermarking of 3D mesh models by prediction-error expansion (2008)

In this paper, a reversible watermarking algorithm is proposed for 3D mesh models based on prediction-error expansion. Firstly, we predict a vertex position by calculating the centroid of its traversed neighbors. Then the prediction error, i.e. the difference between the predicted and real positions, is expanded for data embedding. So only the vertex coordinates are modified to embed a watermark into the mesh content without changing the topology. We further reduce the distortion by adaptively choosing a threshold so that the prediction errors with too large magnitude will not be expanded. The chosen threshold value and critical location information should be saved in the watermarked mesh to guide the recovery process. The experiments show that the original mesh can be exactly recovered and consequently our algorithm can be used for symmetric or public key authentication of 3D mesh models.
New Pyrone and Quinoline Alkaloid from Almeidea rubra and their Trypanocidal Activity (2005)

The investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from leaves of Almeidea rubra A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae) afforded two new compounds 4-methoxy-6-[2-(methylamino)phenyl]-2H-pyran-2-one and rel-(7R,8R)-8-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl]-4,8-dimethoxy-5,6,7,8 -tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]quinoline-7-yl acetate, along with the known compounds arborinine, N-methyl-1-hydroxy-3-methoxyacridone, skimmianine, kokusagine, isodutaduprine, isoskimmianine, and isokokusagine. Their structures were established based on their spectral data, and for the new compounds these data are described herein. Additionally, these compounds were assayed on the tripomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi showing moderate trypanocidal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF SILVER(II) AND SILVER(III) WITH MACROCYCLIC TETRAAZA LIGANDS (1974)

Abstract Ag(I)‐Ionen in wäßriger Lösung disproportionierenin Gegenwart makrocyclischer Tetraazaverbindungen und bilden neben Ag(O) die komplexen Ag(II)‐perchlorate (Ia), (Ic) und (II).
Temperature and current effects on small-geometry-contact resistance (2002)

The effects of temperature and current on the resistance of small geometry silicided contact structures have been characterized and modeled for the first time. Both, temperature and high current induced self heating have been shown to cause contact resistance lowering which can be significant in the performance of advanced ICs. It is demonstrated that contact-resistance sensitivity to temperature and current is controlled by the silicide thickness which influences the interface doping concentration, N. Behavior of W-plug and force-fill (FF) Al plug contacts have been investigated in detail. A simple model has been formulated which directly correlates contact resistance to temperature and N. Furthermore, thermal impedance of these contact structures have been extracted and a critical failure temperature demonstrated that can be used to design robust contact structures.
Polymer composites with smart optical properties (2011)

In this review we describe several examples concerning the attractive properties of smart polymer composites containing aggregachromic dyes of different nature and structure. The dye–polymer interphase interactions depend on the equilibrium between the aggregated and the isolated forms of chromophores dispersed within the polymer matrix. Such interactions are easily perturbed by external solicitations like mechanical or thermal stresses, which induce a clear and rapid change in the composite’s optical properties both in absorption and in emission. These new stimuli-responsive composite materials therefore appear promising for the development of smart and intelligent polymer devices for sensing and safety applications.
The manifold particle filter for state estimation on high-dimensional implicit manifolds (2017)

We estimate the state of a noisy robot arm and underactuated hand using an implicit Manifold Particle Filter (MPF) informed by contact sensors. As the robot touches the world, its state space collapses to a contact manifold that we represent implicitly using a signed distance field. This allows us to extend the MPF to higher (six or more) dimensional state spaces. Earlier work, which explicitly represents the contact manifold, was only capable of scaling to three dimensions. Through a series of experiments, we show that the implicit MPF converges faster and is more accurate than a conventional particle filter during periods of persistent contact. We present three methods of drawing samples from an implicit contact manifold, and compare them in experiments.
Can a Magnetic Field Induce Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis? (1994)

No abstract available.
Widely Tunable Optically Pumped Mid-IR DFB Laser (2012)

A new method has been developed to fabricate chirped grating for type-II optically pumped tunable DFB lasers with a reduced longitudinal variation. Over 80 nm of continuous tuning has been achieved around 3.1 μm.
Association of DNA Aneuploidy with Human Papillomavirus‐Induced Malignant Transformation of Sinonasal Transitional Papillomas (1989)

The nuclear DNA content of 19 transitional papillomas of the sinonasal region and 9 maxillary squamous cell carcinomas was studied by flow cytometry; the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA types 11 and 16 was determined by the in situ hybridization technique from paraffin-embedded tissue. Thirteen (68%) of the papillomas and none of the carcinomas contained HPV genome. Six (32%) of the papillomas and 4 (44%) of the carcinomas had an aneuploid DNA content. The relative DNA content (DNA index) of the aneuploid maxillary carcinomas was larger than that of aneuploid papillomas (p = 0.004). Three of the papillomas underwent malignant transformation, all three of which contained HPV type 16 DNA; two were also aneuploid. Data indicate that papillomas containing HPV type 16 DNA have a tendency (p = 0.06) to undergo malignant transformation, and that this tendency is greater if DNA aneuploidy or HPV type 11 DNA is also present (p = 0.02).
Stereoselective Formation of (Aminoalkyl)platinum Complexes from Imines (2000)

Reaction of [PtMe2(μ-SMe2)]2 with cis-1,2-C6H10(NCH-2-C5H4N)2 (1) and cis-1,2-C6H10(NCH-2-C9H6N)2 (2) gives the complexes [PtMe2{cis-1,2-C6H10(NCH-2-C5H4N)2}] (3) and [PtMe2{cis-1,2-C6H10(NCH-2-C9H6N)2}] (4), respectively (C5H4N = pyridyl; C9H6N = quinolyl), in which the ligand is bidentate such that each complex is chiral and contains a free imine substituent. Complexes 3 and 4 react with protic acids, HCl and CF3CO2H, to form (aminoalkyl)platinum(IV) products that contain a new asymmetric carbon center, often with very high stereoselectivity. In these products the complex ligand may act as a tridentate N,N,C donor or, in complexes containing an azaplatinacyclobutane ring, as a tetradentate N,N,N,C donor. The absolute configurations of five (aminoalkyl)platinum(IV) products were determined by X-ray crystal structure determinations and gave a benchmark such that the stereochemistries of other complexes could be assigned by NMR. It is suggested that the reactions occur by protonation at the free imine nitrogen to give an iminium ion, and the carbocation then adds to the adjacent platinum(II) center. The initially formed products may rearrange by mechanisms involving reversible ligand dissociation from platinum(IV) or deprotonation of the aminoalkyl group.
Molecular Geometries by the Extended‐Hückel Molecular Orbital Method III: Band‐structure calculations (1993)

Abstract Geometries of extended structures can be evaluated with the extended‐ Hückel tight‐binding method by inclusion of a distance‐dependent weighted Wolfsberg‐Helmholz formula and an approximate two‐body electrostatic repulsive‐energy term. We explain the theoretical procedure which is shown to be straightforward. Application to (all‐ trans )‐polyacetylene yields alternating C, C bond lengths and a bandgap of 1.6 eV at the optimized geometry, in good agreement with the experimental finding.
A copper connection to the uptake of platinum anticancer drugs (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
In Vitro Amplification of Protease-Resistant Prion Protein Requires Free Sulfhydryl Groups (2003)

Prions, the infectious agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are composed primarily of a misfolded protein designated PrP(Sc). Prion-infected neurons generate PrP(Sc) from a host glycoprotein designated PrP(C) through a process of induced conformational change, but the molecular mechanism by which PrP(C) undergoes conformational change into PrP(Sc) remains unknown. We employed an in vitro PrP(Sc) amplification technique adapted from protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to investigate the mechanism of prion-induced protein conformational change. Using this technique, PrP(Sc) from diluted scrapie-infected brain homogenate can be amplified >10-fold without sonication when mixed with normal brain homogenate under nondenaturing conditions. PrP(Sc) amplification in vitro exhibits species and strain specificity, depends on both time and temperature, only requires membrane-bound components, and does not require divalent cations. In vitro amplification of Syrian hamster Sc237 PrP(Sc) displays an optimum pH of approximately 7, whereas amplification of CD-1 mouse RML PrP(Sc) is optimized at pH approximately 6. The thiolate-specific alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) as well as the reversible thiol-specific blockers p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (PHMB) and mersalyl acid inhibited PrP(Sc) amplification in vitro, indicating that the conformational change from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) requires a thiol-containing factor. Our data provide the first evidence that a reactive chemical group plays an essential role in the conformational change from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc).
Linguistic Regularities in Sparse and Explicit Word Representations (2014)

Recent work has shown that neuralembedded word representations capture many relational similarities, which can be recovered by means of vector arithmetic in the embedded space. We show that Mikolov et al.'s method of first adding and subtracting word vectors, and then searching for a word similar to the result, is equivalent to searching for a word that maximizes a linear combination of three pairwise word similarities. Based on this observation, we suggest an improved method of recovering relational similarities, improving the state-of-the-art results on two recent word-analogy datasets. Moreover, we demonstrate that analogy recovery is not restricted to neural word embeddings, and that a similar amount of relational similarities can be recovered from traditional distributional word representations.
Theoretical investigation on Raman Fiber Amplifiers (2010)

The characterization of RFAs with bi-directional Raman pumped or co-propagating Raman pumped is studied. The effection to RFAs for pump power, initial signal power and fiber length is analyzed, which is to optimize and improve gain of RFASSs, so as to improve the performance of the amplifier.
Compensation of pulse-shaping due to saturation in fiber amplifiers (2009)

We derive an expression describing pre-compensation of pulse-distortion due to saturation effects in short pulse laseramplifiers. The analytical solution determines the optimum input pulse required to obtain any arbitrary target pulse at the output of the saturated laser-amplifier. The relation is experimentally verified using an all-fiber amplifier chain that is seeded by a directly modulated laser-diode.
Combination of FXI Antisense Oligonucleotide and Plavix® Treatment Results in Enhanced Antithrombotic Activity without Increased Risk of Bleeding in Mouse Models of Thrombosis. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4173 Factor XI (FXI) is a serine protease produced in the liver that contributes to thrombin generation via the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Also, it is a key component of an amplification pathway that is thought to sustain thrombin production at a wound site to maintain fibrin clot integrity. Loss of function mutations in the human FXI gene results in FXI deficiency, a disorder which is associated with only mild bleeding. In addition, high levels of FXI are a risk factor for thrombosis. We have previously presented the antithrombotic efficacy and safety of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) mediated FXI depletion in various animal models of thrombosis. We have demonstrated that in combination with Lovenox®, FXI ASO treatment increases antithrombotic activity but does not increase bleeding risk. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the relative risk/benefit of ASO mediated Factor XI depletion in combination with the platelet antagonist Plavix®. The “risk” component was bleeding tendency as measured by blood volume loss following tail nick, and the “benefit” component was antithrombotic effect in arterial and venous mouse models of thrombosis. Our study investigated a 20 mg/kg dose of FXI ASO in combination with a dose response of Plavix® and indicates that antisense mediated FXI depletion provides enhanced antithrombotic protection when given in combination with Plavix®. The combination of FXI ASO and Plavix® did not result in increased bleeding tendency. In contrast, treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of factor Xa in combination with Plavix® significantly increased bleeding. The approach used in this study is being used to define the ability of FXI ASO to combine with standard of care agents for the treatment of thrombosis. Disclosures: Gao: Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Crosby:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. MacLeod:Isis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Bhattacharjee:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Lowenberg:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Levi:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Monia:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.
Mining emergent structures from mixed media For content retrieval (2004)

In this paper we present a novel approach for retrieval of thematic video content from mixed media. Based on the principles of conceptual blending, information from different media is mined for emergent structures from mixed media. We have built a system, called OntoMedia, to test the efficacy of this approach over traditional methods for media retrieval. The system employs an ontology as a unified indexing scheme for associated text documents for the mixed media content. By applying graph theoretic path finding operations to the ontology to process queries for video content, we show that the system is able to synchronize information from multiple media sources and retrieve semantically related content across media types. A trial experiment was carried out using mixed media courseware from the Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA) distance education course. Results showed that information retrieval along a path performs significantly better than keyword-based and ontology-focused searches.
A microfluidics platform for human tau mutation neurons (2014)

© 14CBMS. This paper reports a microfluidic approach for assessing network formation in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. For the first time, we show the ability of iPSC-derived neurons to form functional synaptically driven networks within a controlled microfluidic environment, thus providing an in vitro stem cell based model for studying dementia.
Return Dispersion and Active Management (2001)

The cross-sectional variation of U.S. stock returns has been unusually high in the past few years. The wide dispersion in security returns has led to correspondingly wide dispersion in fund returns. For example, the cross-sectional standard deviation of returns on actively managed domestic equity mutual funds was 24 percent in 1999, compared with only 5 percent in 1996. We argue that the wide dispersion in fund performance is a natural result of increased security return dispersion and has little to do with changes in the informational efficiency of the market or the range of managerial talent. The dramatic increase in return dispersion warrants a reexamination of traditional methodologies for measuring fund performance that implicitly assume constant dispersion. We show how performance benchmarking can be extended to incorporate the information embedded in return dispersion, as well as the benchmark mean return, by correcting fund alphas with a period- and asset-class-specific measure of security return dispersion.
The ontogeny of haematopoiesis in the marine teleostLeiostomus xanthurusand a comparison of the site of initial haematopoiesis withOpsanus tau (2005)

The ontogeny of haematopoiesis in the perciform fish, spot Leiostomus xanthurus , differed from that reported as the norm for fishes, as exemplified by the cypriniform zebrafish Danio rerio , and observed in the batrachoidiform oyster toadfish Opsanus tau . Erythropoiesis in spot was first evident in the head kidney of yolk‐sac larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH). No embryonic intermediate cell mass (ICM) of primitive stem cells or blood islands on the yolk were apparent within embryos. Erythrocytes were first evident in circulation near the completion of yolk absorption, c . 5 DAH, when larvae were c . 2·0 mm notochord length ( L N ). Erythrocyte abundance increased rapidly with larval development for c . 14 to 16 DAH, then became highly variable following changes in cardiac chamber morphology and volume. Erythrocytic haemoglobin (Hb) was not detected within whole larvae until they were 12 DAH or c . 3·1 mm L N , well after yolk and oil‐globule absorption. The Hb was not quantified until larvae were &gt;47 DAH or &gt;7 mm standard length. The delayed appearance of erythrocytes and Hb in spot was similar to that reported for other marine fishes with small embryos and larvae. In oyster toadfish, a marine teleost that exhibits large embryos and larvae, the ICM and Hb were first evident in two bilateral slips of erythropoietic tissue in the embryos, c . 5 days after fertilization. Soon thereafter, erythrocytes were evident in the heart, and peripheral and vitelline circulation. Initial haematopoiesis in oyster toadfish conformed with that described for zebrafish. While the genes that code for the development of haematopoiesis are conserved among vertebrates, gene expression lacks phylogenetic pattern among fishes and appears to conform more closely with phenotypic expression related to physiological and ecological influences of overall body size and environmental oxygen availability.