gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How does salt retention raise blood pressure? (2006)

A critical question in hypertension research is: How is long-term blood pressure controlled? Excessive NaCl ingestion or NaCl retention by the kidneys and the consequent tendency toward plasma volume expansion lead to hypertension. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms linking salt to high blood pressure are unresolved. The discovery of endogenous ouabain, an adrenocortical hormone, provided an important clue. Ouabain, a selective Na+ pump inhibitor, has cardiotonic and vasotonic effects. Plasma endogenous ouabain levels are significantly elevated in approximately 40% of patients with essential hypertension and in animals with several forms of salt-dependent hypertension. Also, prolonged ouabain administration induces hypertension in rodents. Mice with mutant Na+ pumps or Na/Ca exchangers (NCX) and studies with a ouabain antagonist and an NCX blocker are revealing the missing molecular mechanisms. These data demonstrate that alpha2 Na+ pumps and NCX1 participate in long-term regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Pharmacological agents or mutations in the alpha2 Na+ pump that interfere with the action of ouabain on the pump, and reduced NCX1 expression or agents that block NCX all impede the development of salt-dependent or ouabain-induced hypertension. Conversely, nanomolar ouabain, reduced alpha2 Na+ pump expression, and smooth muscle-specific overexpression of NCX1 all induce hypertension. Furthermore, ouabain and reduced alpha2 Na+ pump expression increase myogenic tone in isolated mesenteric small arteries in vitro, thereby tying these effects directly to the elevation of blood pressure. Thus, endogenous ouabain, and vascular alpha2 Na+ pumps and NCX1, are critical links between salt and hypertension. New pharmacological agents that act on these molecular links have potential in the clinical management of hypertension.
Langerhans Cells and T Cells in Oral Graft versus Host Disease and Oral Lichen Planus (2001)

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) of the oral mucosa, following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and oral lichen planus (OLP) are both mucosal diseases where the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis. Although the aetiology of the two conditions is different, they present with a similar clinical appearance. This study compares the two diseases regarding the distribution of cells, which are expressing cell surface markers of interest for inflammatory responses. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used in standard immunohistochemical procedures. CD1a+, CD80+ and CD86+ cells in the epithelium of OLP- and cGVHD lesions had the dendritic morphology of Langerhans cells (LC). Higher frequencies of CD1a+ LC as well as CD25+ cells were observed in the OLP epithelium than in the cGVHD epithelium. The OLP lesions showed higher frequencies of subepithelial cells expressing CD1a, CD86, CD4, CD8 and CD25 than the cGVHD lesions. Notably there was a significantly higher frequency of CD25+ cells in the epithelium and the connective tissue of OLP than in cGVHD. These cells might represent regulatory T cells. In conclusion, cGVHD and OLP show marked differences at the cellular level despite similar clinical appearance. Hence, the findings indicate differences in the regulation of the inflammatory response between the two conditions.
6-Oxofurostane and (iso)Spirostane Types of Saponins in Smilax sieboldii: UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS and GNPS-Molecular Networking Approach for the Rapid Dereplication and Biodistribution of Specialized Metabolites (2023)

Identifying novel phytochemical secondary metabolites following classical pharmacognostic investigations is tedious and often involves repetitive chromatographic efforts. During the past decade, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS), in combination with molecular networking, has been successfully demonstrated for the rapid dereplication of novel natural products in complex mixtures. As a logical application of such innovative tools in botanical research, more than 40 unique 3-oxy-, 3, 6-dioxy-, and 3, 6, 27-trioxy-steroidal saponins were identified in aerial parts and rhizomes of botanically verified <i>Smilax sieboldii</i>. Tandem mass diagnostic fragmentation patterns of aglycones, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin/tigogenin, or laxogenin were critical to establishing the unique nodes belonging to six groups of nineteen unknown steroidal saponins identified in <i>S. sieboldii</i>. Mass fragmentation analysis resulted in the identification of 6-hydroxy sapogenins, believed to be key precursors in the biogenesis of characteristic smilaxins and sieboldins, along with other saponins identified within <i>S. sieboldii</i>. These analytes' relative biodistribution and characteristic molecular networking profiles were established by analyzing the leaf, stem, and root/rhizome of <i>S. sieboldii</i>. Deducing such profiles is anticipated to aid the overall product integrity of botanical dietary supplements while avoiding tedious pharmacognostic investigations and helping identify exogenous components within the finished products.
Professional Services Automation: A Knowledge Management Approach Using LSI and Domain Specific Ontologies (2001)

Knowledge Management represents a crucial component of corporations ’ efforts to gain competitive advantage from targeted re-use of knowledge assets. Companies that provide consulting services depend heavily on developing, selling, and applying ideas. They need to organize and structure intellectual property for efficient and effective re-use. In this paper, we discuss the RFP Responder, a prototype system being developed at Telcordia Technologies, for effectively responding to RFPs (Request for Proposals) received by the Professional Services strategic business unit. The use of domain specific ontologies and latent semantic indexing for effective categorization and selection of knowledge assets is presented. The expected business impact of the system is also discussed. 1.
Abstract 2780: High nuclear FTH1 protein expression predicts early disease recurrence for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (2017)

Abstract FTH1 is a 21kD subunit of the ferritin complex, which is involved in intracellular iron storage. In a previous study we found that FTH1 proteins can be located either in the cytoplasm or nucleus and, depending on its cellular localization, is associated with good or poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, cytoplasmic localization of cFTH1 was associated with an increased anti-tumor (CD8+) T-cell / tumor-promoting (CD4+) T-cell ratio suggesting an immune modulatory role for FTH1. In the current study we have assessed the prognostic value of FTH1 expression for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. FTH1 proteins were visualized by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing primary breast cancer specimens from 222 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers that were diagnosed between 1982 and 2008. Primary breast cancers from BRCA1 carriers were predominantly of the TNBC subtype, whereas primary breast cancers from BRCA2 mutation carriers were mainly ER-positive. The association between FTH1 expression and clinical outcome was evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards regression model using left truncation to adjust for study inclusion bias. The median follow-up time of the study was 9.2 years. High nuclear FTH1 (nFTH1), but not cytoplasmic FTH1 (cFTH1), was associated with decreased metastasis-free and disease-free survival as compared with low nFTH1 (multivariable HR=3.54, 95% CI=1.45-8.66, P=0.0056 adjusted for tumor size and nodal status; multivariable HR=2.71, 95% CI=1.49-4.92, P=0.0011 adjusted for tumor size). Neither nFTH1 nor cFTH1 were associated with breast cancer-specific or overall survival. This suggests that high nFTH1 expression in primary breast cancer predicts earlier disease recurrence for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Since we had observed that CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratios were increased among TNBCs with high nFTH1, we hypothesize that nFTH1 promotes recruitment of immune suppressive CD4+/FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells in TNBC and BRCA1/2-associated tumors, suppressing CD4+/FOXP3- and CD8+ T-cell anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Timmermans, Renée Broeren-Foekens, Anita Trapman - Jansen, Carolien H. van Deurzen, Arzu Umar, John W. Martens, Maartje Hooning. High nuclear FTH1 protein expression predicts early disease recurrence for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2780. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2780
Supplementary Figure 2A from Erlotinib Attenuates Homologous Recombinational Repair of Chromosomal Breaks in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2A from Erlotinib Attenuates Homologous Recombinational Repair of Chromosomal Breaks in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Cellular and molecular immunotherapeutics derived from the bone marrow stroma (2008)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.
Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopentenes from the Baylis-Hillman Adducts via Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction (2004)

Recently, we reported the synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofuran and 2,5-dihydropyrrole systems by using the well-known ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction from the slightly modified Baylis-Hillman adducts. 1 As a continuing effort we intended to synthesize the cyclopentene skeleton as shown in Scheme 1. Cyclopentene ring is a carbon analog of 2,5dihydrofuran and 2,5-dihydropyrrole systems and we thought we could construct the cyclopentene ring by using the similar strategy, namely the combination of BaylisHillman chemistry and RCM reaction. Substituted cyclopentenes have been synthesized in a variety of ways 2-4 including the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction 2,4 and have been used as useful synthetic
Development of quality management assessment and improvement tools and techniques appropriate to the tourism industry : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management, Massey University, New Zealand (2006)

The thesis researched the development and implementation of a quality measurement and improvement strategy based on a specified combination of two TQM tools - SERVQUAL and QFD. The strategy was successively trialled and refined in three Rotorua based tourist attractions and centred on the appropriateness or otherwise of applying such quality improvement techniques to the small business sector of the New Zealand tourism industry. The significance of the research is outlined in the introductory chapter and related theoretical perspectives are developed in the literature review. The study researched the following question: How to discover a tool for the measurement and therefore the improvement of the service quality for small to medium sized tour operators? Three case studies were selected to provide the location and data base for the research - one each in the cultural, heritage and environmental segments of the tourism industry. All are well established businesses with good industry and market profiles. The investigations through two complementary case studies have helped to refine the research instrument and supported the implementation of the research methodology in the extensive principal case study. Statistical analyses were employed to compare the reliability of the data from the different surveys and to explain variances in the results. Research findings indicate that with further refinement and modification through ongoing usage, the combination of the two tools would provide the small business operator with a means of linking customer service satisfaction measurement to the underlying operational components of their business. The visitor profiles of the tourist attractions obtained from the surveys can help to explain the reasons for any significant differences in customer expectations in relation to quality service standards. The findings suggest that the combined SERVQUAL and QFD quality management technique should be regularly used by small tourist attractions both as a quality improvement tool to meet customer satisfaction and to assist in the attainment of external quality service recognition.
Role of cytokines and chemokines in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2002)

Cytokines and chemokines produced by renal tubular epithelial cells and infiltrated cells are critical factors in inflammatory processes of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In vitro studies reveal that renal tubular epithelial cells have the potential to produce diverse cytokines, chemokines and other mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, platelet-derived growth factor, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Huge numbers of in vivo studies show that cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in diseased kidney together govern critical aspects of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Leukocyte­endothelial cell interactions are critical processes of leukocytic infiltration, which are pathologically key factors in inflammatory processes of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Leukocyte­endothelial interactions are regulated by a cascade of molecular steps of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. In contrast, the intracellular cascades of cytokine and chemokine expression in the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury remain to be investigated. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is one of the essential mediators in cytokine and chemokine expression through the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and activating protein-1. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor activated by reductions in oxygen concentration. HIF-1­related gene expression, such as erythropoietin or VEGF, results in protection of ischemia reperfusion injury. This review focuses on the contribution of cytokines, chemokines and their related molecules to the inflammatory cascade in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Increased NF-L levels in the TDP-43G298S ALS mouse model resemble NF-L levels in ALS patients (2022)

Elevated levels of neurofilament light chain (NF-L) in CSF and blood are linked to the presymptomatic and symptomatic phase of patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether the NF-L level in extracellular liquids like serum or CSF is a marker of destruction or NF-L is secreted actively outside the cell is not known so far. NF-L levels in CSF and blood clearly separate ALS patients and controls [9], serving as a prognostic biomarker for ALS [4]. Also in pre-symptomatic ALS gene mutation carriers NF-L levels are elevated thus allowing prediction for clinical phenoconversion [3, 4]. The picture of NF-L levels in ALS mouse models is less clear. Previous studies report on elevated NF-L plasma levels in SOD1G93Adl and TDP-43 (TAR6/6) mice [6], but the correlation to motor neuron (MN) loss has not been determined. We therefore employed a transgenic TDP-43G298S mouse model to study the interaction of motor neuron pathophysiology, muscle denervation and NF-L levels. TDP-43G298S mutant mice show decreased performance in grip strength and motor activity compared to controls [10].
End-to-End Text Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks (2012)

Full end-to-end text recognition in natural images is a challenging problem that has received much attention recently. Traditional systems in this area have relied on elaborate models incorporating carefully handengineered features or large amounts of prior knowledge. In this paper, we take a different route and combine the representational power of large, multilayer neural networks together with recent developments in unsupervised feature learning, which allows us to use a common framework to train highly-accurate text detector and character recognizer modules. Then, using only simple off-the-shelf methods, we integrate these two modules into a full end-to-end, lexicon-driven, scene text recognition system that achieves state-of-the-art performance on standard benchmarks, namely Street View Text and ICDAR 2003. 1
FY12 ARRA-NRAP Report ? Studies to Support Risk Assessment of Geologic Carbon Sequestration (2011)

This report summarizes results of research conducted during FY2012 to support the assessment of environmental risks associated with geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and storage. Several research focus areas are ongoing as part of this project. This includes the quantification of the leachability of metals and organic compounds from representative CO2 storage reservoir and caprock materials, the fate of metals and organic compounds after release, and the development of a method to measure pH in situ under supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions. Metal leachability experiments were completed on 6 different rock samples in brine in equilibrium with scCO2 at representative geologic reservoir conditions. In general, the leaching of RCRA metals and other metals of concern was found to be limited and not likely to be a significant issue (at least, for the rocks tested). Metals leaching experiments were also completed on 1 rock sample with scCO2 containing oxygen at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10% to simulate injection of CO2 originating from the oxy-fuel combustion process. Significant differences in the leaching behavior of certain metals were observed when oxygen is present in the CO2. These differences resulted from oxidation of sulfides, release of sulfate, ferric iron and other metals, and subsequent precipitation of iron oxides and some sulfates such as barite. Experiments to evaluate the potential for mobilization of organic compounds from representative reservoir materials and cap rock and their fate in porous media (quartz sand) have been conducted. Results with Fruitland coal and Gothic shale indicate that lighter organic compounds were more susceptible to mobilization by scCO2 compared to heavier compounds. Alkanes demonstrated very low extractability by scCO2. No significant differences were observed between the extractability of organic compounds by dry or water saturated scCO2. Reaction equilibrium appears to have been reached by 96 hours. When the scCO2 was released from the reactor, less than 60% of the injected lighter compounds (benzene, toluene) were transported through dry sand column by the CO2, while more than 90% of the heavier organics were trapped in the sand column. For wet sand columns, most (80% to 100%) of the organic compounds injected into the sand column passed through, except for naphthalene which was substantial removed from the CO2 within the column. A spectrophotometric method was developed to measure pH in brines in contact with scCO2. This method provides an alternative to fragile glass pH electrodes and thermodynamic modeling approaches for estimating pH. The method was tested in simulated reservoir fluids (CO2–NaCl–H2O) at different temperatures, pressures, and ionic strength, and the results were compared with other experimental studies and geochemical models. Measured pH values were generally in agreement with the models, but inconsistencies were present between some of the models.
Indirect spectrophotometric determination of micro-amounts of tin(II) in the presence of tin(IV) and in dental gels (1991)

A method for determining microgram amounts of tin(II) in synthetic samples containing tin(IV) and in dental gels has been developed. The procedure involves the oxidation of tin(II) with iron(III) in hydrochloric acid and spectrophotometric determination of the resulting iron(II) as a FerroZine complex.
Designing footwear: back to basics in an effort to design for people (2003)

Even though footwear sales are increasing every year, the performance characteristics of shoes are not showing a proportional change. Product performance can be broadly evaluated based on its function, form, and fit (F 3 ). Even though it is well known that fit or product compatibility is necessary for a person to experience comfort, safety and satisfaction during use, form has dominated the design and development of footwear over the last few decades. Recent studies, using basic physical variables, have shown how perceived characteristics of fit, cushioning and so on can be quantified using objective measures so that elaborate performance models can be developed for the foot-footwear system.
Pharmacokinetics of intrarectal nalbuphine in children undergoing general anaesthesia (1997)

The pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine (0.3 mg/kg) administered by the rectal route were studied in ten children undergoing general anaesthesia for minor surgery. Blood sampling was carried out for 8 h after rectal administration and plasma drug concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection after an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure. The mean time to achieve the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax = 24 +/- 15 ng/mL) was 25 +/- 11 min and the elimination half-life was 2.7 +/- 0.7 h. The coefficients of variation for Cmax and the concentration-time curve (AUC) were 62 and 68%, respectively. Although rectal absorption is considered irregular, the large intersubject variability is also explainable by a variable hepatic bypass for a drug, like nalbuphine, that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. No problem of analgesic efficacy or of local tolerance was reported. In conclusion, the rectal route of administration provides a rapid and reliable absorption of nalbuphine.
Effects of Different Continium Dielectric Models in a Molecular Dynamics and Energy Minimization Study of the Antigenic Loop of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (1993)

This study presents the influence of the dielectric constant on the final structure of the major antigenic loop of the FMDV serotype C. Minimizations have been performed on the nine-residue peptide Ac-TASARGDLA-NHMe, using two expressions for the dielectric constant: a distance-independent (epsilon = kappa), and a distance-dependent (epsilon = kappa *r) forms, and for kappa values from 1 to 10. In addition, kappa = 40 and 80 has also been considered for the constant expression of the dielectrics. The calculations suggest, for both expressions of the dielectrics, that for the sequence under study a value of kappa in the range of 2-6 performs an adequate treatment of the electrostatic interactions. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations at 298 K calculated with an effective dielectric constants of epsilon = 1*r and epsilon = 4*r are compared. The results indicated that a dielectric of epsilon = 4*r provides a peptide fluctuations which are in agreement with recent X-ray diffraction studies.
Experiences with a distributed virtual patient record system. (1996)

TeleMed is a distributed diagnosis and analysis system, which permits physicians who are not collocated to consult on the status of a patient. The patient's record is dynamically constructed from data that may reside at several sites but which can be quickly assembled for viewing by pointing to the patient's name. Then, a graphical patient record appears, through which consulting physicians can retrieve textual and radiographic data with a single mouse click. TeleMed uses modern distributed object technology and emerging telecollaboration tools.