gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A miniaturized frequency‐compensated six‐port junction using mhmic technology (1993)

Abstract CAD of a six‐port junction using miniature hybrid microwave‐integrated circuit technology (MHMIC) is presented. Frequency compensation of the q/s points is introduced and studied. The design is suited for use in swept frequency measurements covering a relatively wide frequency band. The junction incorporates three branch‐line couplers, an edge‐line coupler, a Wilkinson power divider, and a 3‐dB attenuator. The physical dimensions of the junction are 2 m × 1.5 cm. The practical operating frequency of the six‐port junction is measured to be 6–12 GHz in spite of a 3‐dB bandwidth limitation of about 20% for the branch line couplers. Some interesting applications of MHMIC/MMIC six‐port junctions are suggested. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Generalized Variational Inference in Function Spaces: Gaussian Measures meet Bayesian Deep Learning (2022)

We develop a framework for generalized variational inference in infinite-dimensional function spaces and use it to construct a method termed Gaussian Wasserstein inference (GWI). GWI leverages the Wasserstein distance between Gaussian measures on the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions in order to determine a variational posterior using a tractable optimisation criterion and avoids pathologies arising in standard variational function space inference. An exciting application of GWI is the ability to use deep neural networks in the variational parametrisation of GWI, combining their superior predictive performance with the principled uncertainty quantification analogous to that of Gaussian processes. The proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets.
A 0.3V VDDmin 4+2T SRAM for searching and in-memory computing using 55nm DDC technology (2017)

A 4+2T SRAM is proposed that offers searching and logic functions. The cell uses the N-well as the write wordline (WL) and eliminates the access transistors. Decoupled read paths enable reliable multi-word activation for in-memory Boolean logic functions. The SRAM can reconfigure to BCAM/TCAM for searching operations, with 0.13fJ/search/bit at 0.35V. Forty test chips in 55nm deeply depleted channel (DDC) technology achieve worst-case 0.3 V VDDmin.
The impact of technology scaling on ESD robustness and protection circuit design (1995)

The trends in ESD robustness as a function of technology scaling, for feature sizes down to 0.25 /spl mu/m, have been experimentally determined using single finger nMOS transistors and full ESD protection circuits. It is shown that as feature sizes are reduced, good ESD performance can be obtained provided the negative effects of the shallower junctions are offset by the positive effects of the reduction in the effective channel lengths. Hence, processes and protection circuits with feature sizes as small as 0.25 /spl mu/m can be developed without degrading ESD robustness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adhesion of Moraxella catarrhalis to Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells (2013)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted pathogen that is responsible for respiratory tract infections such as childhood otitis media (OM) and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Successful colonization and infection by M. catarrhalis depends on its ability to attach to the respiratory tract mucosal epithelium. This protocol describes a method to measure adherence of M. catarrhalis to epithelial cell lines in vitro., 卡他莫拉菌（Moraxella catarrhalis）是一种人类限制性病原体，其负责呼吸道感染，例如成年儿童中耳炎（OM）和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的加重。 成功殖民和感染由M. 卡他性取决于其附着到呼吸道粘膜上皮的能力。 该协议描述了测量M的依从性的方法。 卡他莫利斯到上皮细胞系。
How Much Energy Are We Using? Potential of Residential Energy Demand Feedback Devices (2006)

Past studies of providing instantaneous feedback on household electrical demand show promise to reduce energy consumption by 10-15%. This paper surveys past research and describes a pilot evaluation of two low cost monitoring systems in case study homes. We also develop an evaluation protocol to use such devices to determine the relative energy intensity of various energy end uses. An identified advantage of the technology is that it provides better guidance on profitable areas to reduce household electrical demand—many of which are often unexpected. Moreover, our case studies showed that use of targeted power strips and occupancybased controls can significantly reduce electricity use associated with household entertainment centers, home office equipment and rechargeable devices.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Temporal-Consistent Self-Training for 3D Hand-Object Joint Reconstruction (2020)

Deep learning-solutions for hand-object 3D pose and shape estimation are now very effective when an annotated dataset is available to train them to handle the scenarios and lighting conditions they will encounter at test time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case, and one often has to resort to training them on synthetic data, which does not guarantee that they will work well in real situations. In this paper, we introduce an effective approach to addressing this challenge by exploiting 3D geometric constraints within a cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to perform domain adaptation. Furthermore, in contrast to most existing works, which fail to leverage the rich temporal information available in unlabeled real videos as a source of supervision, we propose to enforce short- and long-term temporal consistency to fine-tune the domain-adapted model in a self-supervised fashion. We will demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art 3D hand-object joint reconstruction methods on three widely-used benchmarks and will make our code publicly available.
Making the COVID-19 Pandemic a Driver for Digital Health: Brazilian Strategies (2021)

The COVID-19 outbreak exposed several problems faced by health systems worldwide, especially concerning the safe and rapid generation and sharing of health data. However, this pandemic scenario has also facilitated the rapid implementation and monitoring of technologies in the health field. In view of the occurrence of the public emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System created a contingency plan. In this paper, we aim to report the digital health strategies applied in Brazil and the first results obtained during the fight against COVID-19. Conecte SUS, a platform created to store all the health data of an individual throughout their life, is the center point of the Brazilian digital strategy. Access to the platform can be obtained through an app by the patient and the health professionals involved in the case. Health data sharing became possible due to the creation of the National Health Data Network (Rede Nacional de Dados em Saúde, RNDS). A mobile app was developed to guide citizens regarding the need to go to a health facility and to assist in disseminating official news about the virus. The mobile app can also alert the user if they have had contact with an infected person. The official numbers of cases and available hospital beds are updated and published daily on a website containing interactive graphs. These data are obtained due to creating a web-based notification system that uses the RNDS to share information about the cases. Preclinical care through telemedicine has become essential to prevent overload in health facilities. The exchange of experiences between medical teams from large centers and small hospitals was made possible using telehealth. Brazil took a giant step toward digital health adoption, creating and implementing important initiatives; however, these initiatives do not yet cover the entire health system. It is expected that the sharing of health data that are maintained and authorized by the patient will become a reality in the near future. The intention is to obtain better clinical outcomes, cost reduction, and faster and better services in the public health network.
Kinetics of Acid Hydrolysis of Arabinogalactans (2010)

The kinetics of the acid hydrolysis of arabinogalactans (AG) was studied isothermally in a batch reactor. AG was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and the main parameters established were the acid concentration (pH), temperature and AG concentration. The hydrolysis rate increased with the acid concentration (pH) and temperature. Complete hydrolysis of AG to arabinose and galactose was achieved at 90°C and pH 1 without any further degradation of the sugars. A first-order kinetic model including two simultaneous reactions for the formation of arabinose and galactose was successfully fitted to the experimental data. The rate constants and activation energies were calculated from the model. The decrease of the average molecular weight was also explained by the model.
Highly polarised He(23S) thermal metastable atom source (1983)

A source of polarised He(23S) metastable atoms is described providing a thermal energy beam of the order of approximately 1013 N s-1 at a polarisation Pz approximately 95%. The polarisation can be simply reversed using an adiabatic transition, without changing the beam trajectory or its intensity.
Polymers Bearing an S-Sulfate Side Chain. Oxidative Crosslinking of the Copolymer of Vinyl Mercaptoacetate S-Sulfate and 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (2001)

Vinyl mercaptoacetate S-sulfate sodium salt (VMAS) was prepared with a yield of 74% from a reaction of vinyl chloroacetate and sodium thiosulfate. Polymerization of VMAS with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the presence of ammonium persulfate and N,N,N ′,N ′-tetramethylethylenediamine afforded a colorless copolymer bearing the S—SO3– Na+ group in 3.2–4.3 mol-% and having a MW of 2.4–13×104. The polymer was water-soluble but, upon treatment with an oxidizing agent, was transformed quickly into a water-tolerant material. It again became water-soluble on the addition of a reducing agent. The unique solubility alternation was explained by the formation and fission of S—S bond crosslinking in the polymer.
<title>Area of and volume enclosed by digital and triangulated surfaces</title> (2002)

We demonstrate that the volume enclosed by triangulated surfaces can be computed efficiently in the same elegant way the volume enclosed by digital surfaces is computed by digital surface integration. Although digital surfaces are good for visualization and volume measurement, their drawback is that surface area measurements are inaccurate. On the other hand, triangulated surfaces give more accurate surface area measurements, but volume measurements and visualization are less efficient. The T-shell data structure previously proposed retains advantages and overcomes difficulties of both the digital and the triangulated approaches. We create a lookup table with area and volume contributions for each of the 256 Marching Cubes configurations. When scanning the shell (e.g., while creating it), the surface area and volume are incrementally computed by using the lookup table and the current x co-ordinate, where the sign of the x component of the triangle normal indicates the sign of the volume contribution. We have computed surface area and volume for digital and triangulated surfaces for digitized mathematical phantoms, physical phantoms, and real objects. The computations show that triangulated surface area is more accurate, triangulated volume follows digital volume closely, and that the values get closer to the true value with decreasing voxel size.
Further Characterization of the Agent Causing Coryza in Turkeys (1985)

A total of 128 isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis, from the respiratory tract of turkeys and chickens, were identified and divided into two types designated type I and type II. Type I isolates were pathogenic in poults, hemagglutinated guinea pig red blood cells (RBCs), and did not grow on minimal essential medium (MEM) agar, and most did not grow in 6.5% NaCl broth. Type II isolates were nonpathogenic and nonhemagglutinating and grew on MEM agar, and most grew in 6.5% NaCl broth. Hemagglutination of guinea pig RBCs was a reliable characteristic for distinguishing type I from type II isolates, and it correlated with pathogenicity. In serological studies using 62 type I and 21 type II isolates, cross-reactions were observed when type I but not type II antigens were used to test antisera in the microagglutination test. Eleven bacterial isolates, different from type I and type II isolates, were urease-positive. Although frequently isolated from turkeys with coryza, these isolates were nonpathogenic and were always found in association with type I A. faecalis. Urease-positive isolates and type I and type II A. faecalis isolates were stable following 50 in vitro passages. Bordetella avium sp. nov. (the nomenclature suggested in Europe for A. faecalis) was pathogenic in poults. The colonial morphology, biochemical characteristics, and hemagglutinating activity of B. avium sp. nov. were the same as those of type I A. faecalis isolates. Based on the results of these studies, it was concluded that type I A. faecalis is the etiologic agent of turkey coryza.
A High-Altitude Test of Inflatable Wings for Low-Density Flight Applications (2006)

Recent projects involving unfolding rigid -wing aircraft have demonstrated high -altitude, low -density flight capabilities, moving the concept of an unmanned aircraft exploring Mars or Venus nearer to reality. Motivated by the requirement fo r a minimal packed -volume -to - weight ratio, an alternate approach for the wing design is an inflatable wing. Two previous balloon -launched high -altitude experiments have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of deploying and curi ng inflatable/rigidizabl e wings . Rugged inflatable wings constructed of materials used for the Mars Lander airbags with maintained internal pressurization ar e also a viable alternative for both high -density and low -density flight applications. Low -altitude flight tests have demon strated high reliability, al ong with their unique ability for wing shaping to expand flight capabilities . This paper presents the development and results of a successful high -altitude test to demonstrate the feasibility of rugged inflatable wings for plane tary exploration. Flexible solar cells were mounted on the wing surface to illustrate the potential for multifunctional inflatable structures with power generation capabilities as well. The balloon -launched experiment concept is described, along with detai ls of test article design, fabrication and ground testing. The flight test was conducted on April 30, 2005. The wings were deployed at approximately 96,000 ft, reaching a maximum altitude of 97,987 ft . The test article descended under parachute to recovery . F light results, including onboard images, temperature s, pressure s and solar cell power are included .
Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-activated Protein (MAPKAP) Kinase 2 Deficiency Protects Brain from Ischemic Injury in Mice (2002)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is one of several kinases directly regulated by p38 MAP kinase. A role of p38 MAP kinase in ischemic brain injury has been previously suggested by pharmacological means. In the present study, we provide evidence for a role of MK2 in cerebral ischemic injury using MK2-deficient (MK2(-/-)) mice. MK2(-/-) mice subjected to focal ischemia markedly reduced infarct size by 64 and 76% after transient and permanent ischemia, respectively, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, MK2(-/-) mice had significant reduction in neurological deficits. Real-time PCR analysis identified a significantly lower expression in interleukin-1beta mRNA (53% reduction) but not in tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in MK2(-/-) mice over wild-type animals after ischemic injury. The significant reduction in interleukin-1beta was also confirmed in MK2(-/-) mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The marked neuroprotection from ischemic brain injury in MK2(-/-) mice was not associated with the alteration of hemodynamic or systemic variables, activation of caspase-3, or apoptosis. Our data provide new evidence for the involvement of MAP kinase pathway in focal ischemic brain injury and suggest that this effect might be associated with the expression of interleukin-1beta in the ischemic brain tissue.
Spatial Patterns of Dissipative Polariton Solitons in Semiconductor Microcavities (2015)

We report propagating bound microcavity polariton soliton arrays consisting of multipeak structures either along (x) or perpendicular (y) to the direction of propagation. Soliton arrays of up to five solitons are observed, with the number of solitons controlled by the size and power of the triggering laser pulse. The breakup along the x direction occurs when the effective area of the trigger pulse exceeds the characteristic soliton size determined by polariton-polariton interactions. Narrowing of soliton emission in energy-momentum space indicates phase locking between adjacent solitons, consistent with numerical modeling which predicts stable multihump soliton solutions. In the y direction, the breakup originates from inhomogeneity across the wave front in the transverse direction which develops into a stable array only in the solitonic regime via phase-dependent interactions of propagating fronts.
In pursuit of virtual lead optimization: Pruning ensembles of receptor structures for increased efficiency and accuracy during docking (2008)

Representing receptors as ensembles of protein conformations during docking is a powerful method to approximate protein flexibility and increase the accuracy of the resulting ranked list of compounds. Unfortunately, docking compounds against a large number of ensemble members can increase computational cost and time investment. In this article, we present an efficient method to evaluate and select the most contributive ensemble members prior to docking for targets with a conserved core of residues that bind a ligand moiety. We observed that ensemble members that preserve the geometry of the active site core are most likely to place ligands in the active site with a conserved orientation, generally rank ligands correctly and increase interactions with the receptor. A relative distance approach is used to quantify the preservation of the three-dimensional interatomic distances of the conserved ligand-binding atoms and prune large ensembles quickly. In this study, we investigate dihydrofolate reductase as an example of a protein with a conserved core; however, this method for accurately selecting relevant ensemble members a priori can be applied to any system with a conserved ligand-binding core, including HIV-1 protease, kinases, and acetylcholinesterase. Representing a drug target as a pruned ensemble during in silico screening should increase the accuracy and efficiency of high-throughput analyses of lead analogs.
Charge–spin conversion in Pt1−xBix alloys for spin–orbit torque switching (2021)

We have studied the spin torque efficiency of Pt1−xBix/Co based heterostructures for spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching devices. While the field-like component of the SOT shows a relatively small change with the Bi concentration (x), the damping-like component (ξDL) abruptly increases with increasing x. The increase in ξDL with x is largely associated with the change in the Pt1−xBix layer resistivity (ρxx). The spin Hall conductivity (σSH) estimated from ξDL and ρxx remains nearly constant at ∼830 (ℏ/e) Ω−1 cm−1 for 0 &amp;lt; x ≲ 0.6. Further substitution of Bi results in the formation of PtBi2, which causes smaller σSH than that of alloys with smaller x. The magnetic easy axis of a 0.6 nm thick Co layer points along the film normal when x is smaller than ∼0.7. Exploiting these characteristics, we show current-induced magnetization switching in the heterostructures. The efficiency to switch a perpendicularly magnetized Co layer is the largest when x ∼ 0.5. These results demonstrate the potential of Pt1−xBix alloys for spin–orbit torque magnetization switching devices.
Refurbishment of a 30 MJ pulsed power supply for pulsed power applications (2012)

The French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis obtained essential parts of a 30 MJ energy supply formerly installed at Rheinmetall in Unterlüß, Germany. This paper describes the original state of the energy supply, the refurbishment of one rack with a stored energy of 1.28 MJ and its testing, taking into account worst-case conditions. The rack was split into two subunits of 675 kJ and 608 kJ which were upgraded with newly developed high-power thyristor and crowbar diode assemblies. The subunits were successfully tested individually and in the pulse shaping mode by connecting them to a common load. Several tests with voltages up to 22 kV, currents up to 267 kA and a different trigger delay proved the reliability of the modified rack and its suitability as a prototype for the remaining 23 racks.
What Are the Sonographic Outcomes of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture? Nonoperative Versus Surgical Repair? (2021)

At two years, there was no difference in functional outcomes between the two groups. In both groups, AT were lengthened and thickened without differences between groups. There was a significant difference when comparing the ratio SMR/SMS between groups. Ultrasound examination demonstrated different morphological changes in tendon structure depending on the treatment performed.
Data report for the Maine-Quebec cross-strike seismic-refraction profile (1986)

Each deployment lies between
Internal model control using neural networks-genetic algorithm for vertical electric furnace (2009)

The vertical electric furnace is a multi-variable complex system, conventional control methods are used to control it, to need modelling and decoupling. In this paper, an internal model control using neural networks for the vertical electric furnace is presented. The dynamics model of the neural network of the system is identified by the genetic algorithm. Another neural network is trained to learn the inverse dynamics of the vertical electric furnace so that it can be used as a nonlinear controller. Because of the limitation of BP algorithm, the genetic algorithm is used to find the fitness weights and thresholds of the neural network model, and the simulation results testify that the model is satisfied and the control is effective.
Roundup Ready Soybean: Glyphosate Effects on Fusarium solani Root Colonization and Sudden Death Syndrome (2003)

During 1997, the first year of widespread use of glyphosate ( N ‐[phosphonomethyl]glycine) on Roundup Ready (RR) soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] a severe sudden death syndrome (SDS) epidemic occurred and several RR cultivars were affected. Effects of glyphosate on colonization of soybean root by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc f. sp. glycines (Fsg) and SDS were evaluated. Five RR cultivar pairs that contrasted for SDS resistance from maturity groups (MG) II to VI were evaluated with and without glyphosate application. The MG II and III cultivars were evaluated near Bloomington, Pontiac, and Mahomet in central Illinois and the MG IV, V, and VI cultivars were evaluated near Harrisburg, Ullin, and Valmeyer in southern Illinois. The Fsg root infection severity (IS), colony forming units per gram of root (CFU), SDS leaf scorch disease index (DX), and grain yield were determined. Across environments within each MG, there were no significant effects of glyphosate on IS, CFU, and DX. Significant differences were expected between cultivars but only observed in some MG. There was no significant effect of glyphosate on yield. Significant Glyphosate × Cultivar interactions occurred for yield in MG VI, in favor of the glyphosate sprayed subplots. In this study root colonization by Fsg and SDS leaf symptoms did not significantly increase following the application of glyphosate. Data from this study indicate that the development of SDS on RR soybean is influenced by genotype. Farmers planting RR soybean in Fsg infested fields are encouraged to select cultivars with resistance to SDS.