gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Pressure Loads in Complex Cavity Configurations (2007)

The need to reduce the fluctuating surface pressure loads in realistic three dimensional cavity configurations is clear for many applications. Here an experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of different leading edge blowing concepts for a highly three dimensional cavity. In addition to the suppression studies the properties of the complex cavity was studied through the use of several simpler cavities with limited features of the full three dimensional cavity. The two leading edge blowing suppression concepts examined were micro jets and segmented slots. Both of the concepts showed significant reductions in the fluctuating surface pressures with modest amounts of mass flowing through the injectors. The reductions observed in the fluctuating surface pressure levels resulted from decreases in both the broad band and resonant features of the surface pressures. Velocity field measurements showed that the controlled cavities had significantly reduced fluctuating velocities in the shear layer and a smaller amplitude reverse flow along the bottom of the cavity. The observations reported in this study have also served as a basis for designing actuators for larger scale tests where consistent results were found.
Extending the tapped-inductor DC-to-DC converterfamily (2001)

Two new members of the family of switched mode converters employing tapped inductors are identified. The input to output voltage ratio for buck, boost and buck-boost converters with all possible tapping arrangements are analysed in terms of the tap position and switch duty cycle. Practical test results for the new converters are presented.
Power estimation in global interconnects and its reduction using a novel repeater optimization methodology (2002)

The purpose of this work is two fold. First, to quantify and establish future trends for the dynamic power dissipation in global wires of high performance integrated circuits. Second, to develop a novel and efficient delay-power tradeoff formulation for minimizing power due to repeaters, which can otherwise constitute 50% of total global wire power dissipation. Using the closed form solutions from this formulation, power savings of 50% on repeaters are shown with minimal delay penalties of about 5% at the 50 nm technology node. These closed-form, analytical solutions provide a fast and powerful tool for designers to minimize power.
Mobilising stakeholders to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (2021)

In an ongoing effort to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a joint symposium was organised by the non-governmental, non-profit organisation Medical physicists in diaspora for Africa e.V. (MephidA e.V.) in collaboration with the Germany-based Cameroon-German medical doctor's association (Camfomedics e.V.) and the Harvard-based Global Health Catalyst summit. The goal of the symposium was to discuss the technical and structural challenges faced in African LMIC settings, re-evaluate strategies to overcome the shortfall of radiotherapy services and ameliorate the situation. The meeting brought together industry partners, including radiotherapy machine vendors and dosimetry solution providers, alongside public health, oncology and medical physics experts. This paper summarises the deliberations and recommendations based on the ongoing efforts including the use of information and communication technologies towards the provision of expert knowledge and telemedicine, the use of solar energy to avoid power outages and the use of high-end technology for enhanced quality assurance. We also present the experiences on the first linac installation at the Rwanda Military Hospital, the challenges faced in this LMIC as well as the patient's demography, reflecting the reality in most sub-Saharan LMICs.
Patient survival after chemotherapy and its relationship to in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis (1971)

To study the relationship between chemotherapy immunocompetence and prognosis, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses were studied serially, in 40 patients, receiving intensive chemotherapy for metastatic solid tumors. Suppression of lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin and streptolysin “O” was similar in all patients at the end of chemotherapy and was highly significant (PHA: P < 0.01, SLO: P < 0.02). Recovery of such responses occurred with significant overshoot above the pretreatment levels (P < 0.01) for PHA and SLO in those patients whose tumors regressed and survival was long, while such recovery was lacking in those patients whose tumors progressed and whose survival was short (PHA: P < 0.01, SLO: P < 0.05). This shows that the rebound with overshoot of immunologic reactivity after chemotherapy correlates with tumor regression and prognosis, and continued suppression may be an indicator of poor prognosis.
Cocrystallization in random copolymers of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) and its effect on crystalline morphology (1995)

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and solid state CPMAS l3 C NMR were used to describe the crystalline morphology of a series of bacterially produced poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers containing random distributions of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV). Modeling of SAXS results showed that the morphology of this isodimorphic system is better described by two phases, crystalline and amorphous, having defects within each domain. This is in contrast to a model with a large interfacial region between phases. For the 3HV composition range 0–27 mol%, the polymer crystallizes in a poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)-type crystalline lattice. Solid state NMR results showed that there is significant incorporation of the 3HV minor component into the poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) crystalline phase over this composition range. The ratio of the 3HV content in the crystalline phase relative to the overall 3HV content is not linear, but increases with increasing 3HV. For the 21 and 27% 3HV samples, the 3HV content in the crystalline phase is as much as 2/3 of the overall 3HV content. Inclusion of 3HV is correlated to an increase in crystalline disorder (as measured by SAXS), implying that it is easier to accommodate the bulkier 3HV comonomer into a crystalline region that already contains defects. Keywords: bacterial polyesters, poly(3-hydroxyalkanates), small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state NMR, cocrystallization.
Measurement of Leg Length Inequalities by Micro-Dose Digital Radiographs (1987)

New technology may, in time, supersede orthoroentgenograms for measurement of leg length inequalities. Micro-Dose digital scans are a new form of radiographs that require 1% of the radiation needed to produce conventional images. The Micro-Dose digital scan and orthoroentgenogram were compared in a clinical series of 25 children and in cadaveric femoral measurements. The accuracy of digital radiographs for this application was confirmed.
Unsupervised, low latency anomaly detection of algorithmically generated domain names by generative probabilistic modeling (2014)

We propose a method for detecting anomalous domain names, with focus on algorithmically generated domain names which are frequently associated with malicious activities such as fast flux service networks, particularly for bot networks (or botnets), malware, and phishing. Our method is based on learning a (null hypothesis) probability model based on a large set of domain names that have been white listed by some reliable authority. Since these names are mostly assigned by humans, they are pronounceable, and tend to have a distribution of characters, words, word lengths, and number of words that are typical of some language (mostly English), and often consist of words drawn from a known lexicon. On the other hand, in the present day scenario, algorithmically generated domain names typically have distributions that are quite different from that of human-created domain names. We propose a fully generative model for the probability distribution of benign (white listed) domain names which can be used in an anomaly detection setting for identifying putative algorithmically generated domain names. Unlike other methods, our approach can make detections without considering any additional (latency producing) information sources, often used to detect fast flux activity. Experiments on a publicly available, large data set of domain names associated with fast flux service networks show encouraging results, relative to several baseline methods, with higher detection rates and low false positive rates.
Optical Packet Buffers for Backbone Internet Routers (2010)

If optical routers are to become reality, we will need several new optical technologies, one of which is to build sufficiently large optical buffers. Building optical buffers for routers is daunting: Today's electronic routers often hold millions of packets, which is well beyond the capabilities of optical technology. In this paper, we argue that two new results offer a solution. First, we show that the size of buffers in backbone routers can be made very small-just about 20 packets per linecard-at the expense of a small loss in throughput. Second, we show that integrated delay line optical buffers can store a few dozen packets on a photonic chip. With the combination of these two results, we conclude that future Internet routers could use optical buffers.
Exploring the state of veterinary informatics (2009)

Although there are few members in common between the Association for Veterinary Informatics and the American Medical Informatics Association, both are interested in promoting standards in terminology and technology. Many medical informatics areas are an integral part of veterinary practice—for example, digital radiology through Picture Archiving Communication Systems (PACS) and patient information portal software.While business information systems for practice management and herd health are common, these programs lack standards and functionality required for human electronic health records (EHRs) including drug alerts, application of encoded clinical practice guidelines, case identification through uniformly-accepted diagnostic codes, automatic laboratory reporting, and links to knowledge-based resources for just in time learning and evidence-based practice. The level of EHR functions at the veterinary teaching hospital, chains of integrated practices, and the individual practitioner are compared using examples in North Carolina. A survey of all veterinary teaching hospitals and their supporting libraries will explore the state of functional EHRs, the integration of knowledge-based information, and participation in the Veterinary Medical Database, a repository of case records. Known barriers include minimal use of standards for interoperability in practice systems. The primary knowledge based resources (KBI) in veterinary medicine (Veterinary Information Network, VetMed Resource, Clinics and other Elsevier and Wiley/Blackwell titles) are not connected to EHRs. A greater understanding of the informatics environment of veterinary practice is necessary to promote the integration of KBI in veterinary practice.
Immunocytochemical localization of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1): relationship to neuropeptides, the P2X3 purinoceptor and IB4 binding sites (1999)

The vanilloid receptor (VR1) protein functions both as a receptor for capsaicin and a transducer of noxious thermal stimuli. To determine the expression and targetting of this protein, we have generated antisera against both the amino and carboxy termini of VR1. Within the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of rats, VR1-immunoreactivity (VR1-ir) was restricted to small and medium sized neurons. VR1-ir was transported into both the central and peripheral processes of these primary afferent neurons, as evidenced by: (i) the presence of VR1-ir in nerve fibres and terminals in lamina I and lamina II of the superficial dorsal horn, and the association of VR1-ir with small diameter nerve fibres in the skin and cornea; (ii) the reduction of VR1-ir in the spinal cord after dorsal rhizotomy; and (iii) the accumulation of VR1-ir proximal to sciatic nerve ligation. At the ultrastructural level, VR1-ir was associated with plasma membranes of neuronal perikarya in dorsal root ganglia and nerve terminals in the dorsal horn. VR1-ir was also seen in nerve fibres and terminals in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Within a large proportion of dorsal root ganglion neurons and the terminals of their axons, VR1-ir was colocalized with staining for the P2X3 purinoceptor, and with binding sites for the lectin IB4. Surprisingly, VR1-ir did not coexist substantially in nerve fibres and terminals that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, suggesting complex mechanisms for the release of these neuropeptides in response to capsaicin application.
Spectral color reproduction minimizing spectral and perceptual color differences (2008)

Abstract In this article, we are combining minimization criteria in the colorant separation process for spectral color reproduction. The colorant separation is performed by inverting a spectral printer model: the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. The inversion of the spectral printer model is an optimization operation in which a criterion is minimized at each iteration. The approach we proposed minimizes a criterion defined by the weighted sum of a spectral difference and a perceptual color difference. The weights can be tuned with a parameter α ∞ [0, 1]. Our goal is to decrease the spectral difference between the original data and its reproduction and also to consider perceptual color difference under different illuminant conditions. In order to find the best α value, we initially compare a pure colorimetric criterion and a pure spectral criterion for the reproduction, then we combine them. We perform four colorant separations: the first separation will minimize the 1976 CIELAB color difference where four illuminants are tested, the second separation will minimize an equally weighted summation of 1976 CIELAB color difference with the four illuminants tested independently, the third colorant separation will minimize a spectral difference, and the fourth colorant separation will combine a weighted sum of a spectral difference and one of the two first colorimetric differences previously introduced. This last colorant separation can be tuned with a parameter in order to emphasize on spectral or colorimetric difference. We use a six colorants printer with artificial inks for our experiments. The prints are simulated by the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. Two groups of data are used for our experiments. The first group describes the data printed by our printing system, which is represented by a regular grid in colorant space of the printer and the second group describes the data which is not originally produced by our printing system but mapped to the spectral printer gamut. The Esser test chart and the Macbeth Color Checker test chart have been selected for the second group. Spectral gamut mapping of this data is carried out before performing colorant separation. Our results show improvement for the colorant separations combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference for a set of illuminants and for the colorant separation combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference and spectral difference, especially in the case of spectral data originally produced by the printer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 494–504, 2008
Patrimonio cultural y turismo en los reales sitios de la Comunidad de Madrid y sus incidencias en el territorio (2012)

Esta tesis estudia las relaciones existentes entre la actividad turistica y los Reales Sitios, centrandose en las formas en las que dicho vinculo se plasma en el territorio, lo que da lugar a espacios con una problematica determinada. Para ello se han elegido los tres Reales Sitios de la Comunidad de Madrid (Aranjuez, El Pardo y San Lorenzo de El Escorial), al tratarse de espacios patrimoniales diferenciados por poseer un estatus juridico especial y un modelo de gestion particular.Se parte de un planteamiento general sobre el turismo y las ciudades historicas, y se establecen las claves para identificar, caracterizar, interpretar y entender la realidad actual de estos Sitios como espacios de gran atractivo para los visitantes; lo que lleva a plantear la investigacion con un analisis sistemico en el que se considera que intervienen tres elementos: recursos, visitantes y agentes. En un afan por acercarnos a las caracteristicas de la ciudad turistica, se estudia el patrimonio desde una optica diferente, contemplandolo exclusivamente como recurso turistico y centrandonos especialmente en su nivel de funcionalidad turistica. Asimismo, se realiza un estudio en profundidad de toda la oferta turistica especialmente de la relacionada con la cultura y el medio natural. Para el estudio de los visitantes, se comienza con un analisis de la evolucion historica que deriva en un estudio de su perfil basico en el momento actual. Respecto a los agentes, debido a la transversalidad del turismo, se han de contemplar tanto las politicas turisticas, como las patrimoniales y urbanisticas. Asi, se pretende conocer como estos Sitios se enfrentan a una serie de problemas y se estudia especialmente la casuistica derivada de la convivencia entre agentes (Patrimonio Nacional y ayuntamientos) con planteamientos diversos, sus repercusiones sobre las actuaciones urbanisticas y su papel en la recuperacion urbana.
Soft magnetic properties of FeRuGaSi alloy films: SOFMAX (1988)

To advance new soft magnetic materials of an FeGaSi alloy into the commercial world, improvements on various properties were designed by introducing additive elements without sacrificing its high saturation magnetic induction. The detailed studies on the diversified properties, such as saturation magnetic induction, film internal stress, wear resistivity, and so on, were performed. High-frequency permeability of the laminated structure film was also investigated. As a result, the Ru-added FeRuGaSi alloy films, whose typical compositions are Fe72Ru4Ga7Si17 and Fe68Ru8Ga7Si17 (at. %), prove to be excellent soft magnetic materials especially appropriate for the magnetic recording/playback head core use.
Anode layer in a high-current arc in atmospheric pressure nitrogen (2005)

An anode layer in a high-current atmospheric nitrogen arc was modelled. Calculations were made in a one-dimensional approximation at current densities in the range 500–3000 A cm−2. Two-temperature approximation was used. We calculated the distributions of both electron and heavy particle temperatures, the concentrations of charged and neutral particles and the electric field inside the anode layer. It was shown that for the conditions that exist in the anode layer of a high-current atmospheric pressure arc in nitrogen (a) the concentration of the molecular ions is negligible and (b) the concentration of atoms exceeds the concentration of molecules everywhere in the anode layer except in a narrow region close to the anode. Calculation showed that the electric field decreases towards the anode, and then close to the anode it rises again. Contrary to the situation in argon, the present calculations showed that in nitrogen the electric field in the anode layer is always accelerating. However, the average electric field in the anode layer is weaker than in the adjacent arc column (the so-called negative anode layer voltage). The voltage drop in the Langmuir sheath is also negative. It is shown that the main difference in anode layer voltages between an arc in nitrogen and an arc in argon is due to the high reactive thermal conductivity in nitrogen.
Polarization shift keying for high-bit-rate multilevel soliton transmissions (1996)

A novel scheme for high-capacity optical transmission is studied. The proposed system is based on a multilevel modulation technique that uses solitons. The basic idea relies on the property of solitons that the evolution of the state of polarization during propagation can be represented with a good degree of approximation with a rigid rotation of the Poincaré sphere. Therefore, besides the rigid rotation that can be compensated for at the receiver, the state of polarization of the signal can be used to carry information. Here the limits of the rigid rotation that are due to polarization mode dispersion and amplified spontaneous emission noise are envisaged. Results show how this scheme permits the transmission-distance limit to be overcome for single-channel intensity-modulated direct-detection soliton systems. As an example we show how a 2.5-Gsymbol/s system with 24 polarization levels leads to a total capacity of 10 Gbits/s over distances up to 3000 km in links encompassing standard dispersion fibers.
Regulation of macrophage-specific gene expression by degenerated lipoproteins (2000)

The effect of aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL) on cell viability and macrophage-specific gene expression using human peripheral blood monocytes in culture was investigated. AgLDL suppressed activation-induced cell death of phorbol ester-treated macrophages. The inhibition of apoptosis was accompanied by downregulation of apoptosis-promoting proteases, including interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) and CPP32 and upregulation of anti-apoptotic cytokine (interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)). In contrast, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) enhanced cell death of lipid-bearing macrophages, suggesting that the anti-atherogenic action of M-CSF is at least in part mediated through apoptotic elimination of macrophages. Then, we attempted to isolate the genes specifically induced by agLDL in macrophages using a subtraction-based cloning strategy. One of the genes isolated, termed LIG (LDL-inducible gene), encodes a human homolog of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitination of multiple intracellular proteins was observed in agLDL-treated macrophages, which coincided with upregulation of LIG. These results suggest that LIG acts as a direct mediator of foam cell formation through polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of cellular proteins with apoptosis-inducing properties. The regulation of apoptosis by macrophage-specific gene expression may contribute to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis.