gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impingement Cooling in Narrow Rectangular Channel With Novel Surface Features (2016)

This paper describes a detailed experimental investigation of narrow jet impingement channel with surface features. Three novel surface features: aerofoil shaped dimple cavities on the target plate, chevron elements extending between the jet issuing plate and the target plate and 45 degree wedges mounted on the jet-issuing plate, are proposed. The narrow rectangular channel is 254 mm × 57.2 mm × 19.1 mm (10” × 2.25” × 0.75”) in dimensions and consists of five jets with a constant diameter, D of 9.525 mm (0.375”). The inter-jet spacing and jet-to-target plate distance is 4D and 2D, respectively. Three test cases with different novel surface features are proposed, and the effect of these surface features on the distribution of heat transfer coefficient on the target plate is characterized using the transient liquid crystal technique. In the first test case, dimpulated surface features are introduced on the target plate. The second case consists of chevron elements which extend between the jet issuing plate and the target plate, while the third case has 45 degree wedges mounted on the jet-issuing plate. The smooth jet impingement channel is used as a baseline case for comparison of the heat transfer coefficient distribution on the target plate. The Reynolds number is defined based on the jet diameter, D and bulk velocity of the jet. The experiments were performed at Reynolds number ranging between 61,000 to 98,000. In order to gain a better insight of the flow field within the channel for each of these features, a steady state numerical simulation was performed for each case using the commercially available software, ANSYS CFX. The boundary conditions for these simulations were set as close to the experimental conditions as possible. For turbulence closure, the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model was used which has been shown to be reasonably accurate with moderate computational costs. The numerical results are in favorable trend compared to the values obtained through experimentation. However, in certain regions, the SST turbulence model has overpredicted the heat transfer coefficient values. The results show that the first test case with dimpulated surface features exhibits the highest heat transfer enhancement among all the tested configurations. This enhancement is approximately 25 percent higher than that of the baseline case. The presence of the chevron elements has minimized the deflection of the jets due to crossflow, but, inhibited the spreading of the impinging jets on the target plate. This, in turn, has reduced the local heat transfer performance quite substantially. In case of the 45 degree wedges, the heat transfer enhancement was augmented at the downstream, which was ultimately caused by the diversion of the crossflow towards the target plate.
Design and Synthesis of a Series of (2R)-N4-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-N- [(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden- 1-yl]butanediamide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Aggrecanase Inhibitors (2001)

A pharmacophore model of the P1' site, specific for aggrecanase, was defined using the specificity studies of the matrix metalloproteinases and the similar biological activity of aggrecanase and MMP-8. Incorporation of the side chain of a tyrosine residue into compound 1 as the P1' group provided modest selectivity for aggrecanase over MMP-1, -2, and -9. A cis-(1S)(2R)-amino-2-indanol scaffold was incorporated as a tyrosine mimic (P2') to conformationally constrain 2. Further optimization resulted in compound 11, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of aggrecanase.
Comparison of Lesion Detection in the Transverse and Coronal Views on Automated Breast Sonography (2014)

Although the coronal view on automated breast sonography showed comparable reliability and a shorter reading time, the detection rate for the coronal view was significantly lower than that for the transverse view in both benign and malignant lesions. It is preferable to reserve the coronal view as an additional method to the transverse view.
Inhibition of CK2α Down-Regulates Hedgehog/Gli Signaling Leading to a Reduction of a Stem-Like Side Population in Human Lung Cancer Cells (2012)

Protein kinase CK2 is frequently elevated in a variety of human cancers. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in stem cell maintenance, and its aberrant activation has been indicated in several types of cancer, including lung cancer. In this study, we show that CK2 is positively involved in Hh/Gli signaling in lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. First, we found a correlation between CK2a and Gli1 mRNA levels in 100 primary lung cancer tissues. Down-regulation of Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity were demonstrated after the silencing of CK2a in lung cancer cells. In addition, CK2a siRNA down-regulated the expression of Hh target genes. Furthermore, two small-molecule CK2a inhibitors led to a dose-dependent inhibition of Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity in lung cancer cells. Reversely, forced overexpression of CK2a resulted in an increase both in Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity in A549 cells. Finally, the inhibition of Hh/Gli by CK2a siRNA led to a reduction of a cancer stem cell-like side population that shows higher ABCG2 expression level. Thus, we report that the inhibition of CK2a down-regulates Hh/Gli signaling and subsequently reduces stem-like side population in human lung cancer cells.
Yttrium β‐Diketonate Glyme MOCVD Precursors: Effects of the Polyether Length on Stabilities, Mass Transport Properties and Coordination Spheres (2004)

Abstract The glyme adducts of trishexafluoroacetylacetonato yttrium, [Y(hfa) 3 ·monoglyme], [Y(hfa) 3 ·diglyme], [Y(hfa) 3 ·(H 2 O) 2 ·triglyme] and [Y(hfa) 2 ·tetraglyme] + [Y(hfa) 4 ] − {CH 3 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 , n = 1 monoglyme, 2 diglyme, 3 triglyme and 4 tetraglyme}, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, [Y(hfa) 3 ·monoglyme] and [Y(hfa) 3 ·diglyme] were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The mass‐transport properties of these adducts were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, evaporation‐rate measurements and chemical vapour‐deposition experiments. There is evidence of high volatility and very good thermal stabilities with a residue lower than 2−4 %. Vaporization‐rate experiments proved that all adducts are well‐suited for metal‐organic chemical vapour‐deposition experiments. The [Y(hfa) 3 ·monoglyme] complex was successfully applied in the low‐pressure MOCVD process of YBaCuO HTc superconductor using a multimetal molten single source. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Method for the Synthesis of 4‐Aminocyclopentenones: Dysprosium (III) Triflate Catalyzed Aza‐Piancatelli Rearrangement. (2011)

Abstract The aza‐Piancatelli rearrangement affords a single trans diastereomer from both aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted furylcarbinols.
Reasons Prompting Digitalis Therapy in the Acute Care Hospital (2001)

Age, historical use of digitalis, and comorbidity might lead to seemingly incongruous digitalis prescription. The choice of adopting digitalis therapy cannot be reliably predicted on the basis of clinical variables only. Presently unexplored physician-related factors, such as cultural background, likely outweigh clinical variables in prompting digitalis prescription.
Improvement and Simplification of DPF System Using a Ceria-based Fuel-borne Catalyst for Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration in Serial Applications (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Since the market introduction of the Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) system in serial applications in May 2000, more than 500,000 vehicles have been DPF-equipped. Tracking the serial production current situation, several themes for improvement have been identified, including system simplification to limit its total cost as well as proposition to optimize maintenance. The paper presents those upgrades that will be proposed in serial applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on a DPF regeneration assisted by engine management systems in combination with the use of a Ceria-based fuel-borne catalyst, the first improvement is to limit the ash build up phenomenon of fuel-borne catalyst and then to limit the DPF clogging effect.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the first stage, catalytic activity of Ceria-based fuel-borne catalyst has been improved, by introducing Iron as a catalytic promoter. Targeting the “fit for life” DPF application (and thus “zero maintenance” on the DPF), it is necessary to find a compromise between the catalytic activity (reduction in the temperature of soot burn-off and kinetics of DPF regeneration), the temperature peak generated during the DPF regeneration (exotherms of regeneration) and the density of the inorganic ash arising from the fuel-borne catalyst (ash build-up speed). A good compromise is proposed in this way, based on the use of the Iron-doped Ceria nanoparticules as active catalytic ingredient.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In parallel, a dosing strategy of a fuel-borne catalyst is being developed to match with the proposed evolution in the Ceria-based fuel-borne catalyst for serial applications. New designs of the automatic on-board dosing system have been developed to ensure the global accuracy in the Diesel fuel treatment. On the other hand, the maintenance operation for fuel-borne catalyst tank refilling is integrated in the design of the dosing systems, which is adapted to the platform of the vehicle and the car makers' specifications. In the paper, the following approaches are developed, and the data obtained on a demonstrator are proposed.&lt;/div&gt;
Pattern formation and flow control of fine particles by laser-scanning micromanipulation (1991)

A novel micromanipulation technique is proposed for aligning fine particles on micrometer-scale spatial patterns and for moving the particles continuously along the formed patterns. This technique is based on the repetitive scanning of a focused trapping laser beam. The velocity of the particle flow can be controlled by scan speed and laser power. The origin of the driving force is considered theoretically and experimentally.
Dynamic parity stripe reorganizations for RAID5 disk arrays (2002)

RAID5 disk arrays provide high performance and high reliability for reasonable cost. However RAIDS suffers a performance penalty during block updates. We examine the feasibility of using "dynamic parity striping" to improve the performance of block updates. Instead of updating each block independently, this method buffers a number of updates, generates a new stripe composed of the newly updated blocks, then writes the full stripe back to disk. Two implementations are considered in this paper. One is a log-structured file system (LFS) based method and the other is Virtual Striping. Both methods achieve much higher performance than conventional approaches. The performance characteristics of the LFS based method and the Virtual Striping method are clarified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spider Dragline Silk Molecular Properties and Recombinant Expression (2007)

Rising, A.); (Lower Left) Scanning electron micrograph of the point of breakage after tensile testing of a recombinant fibre (from Stark et al., 2007); (Lower Right) Helical wheel presentation of the five predicted -helices in the spider silk N-terminal domain (from Rising et al., 2006).
Implant-Associated Infections: An Overview (2006)

The discovery of a 5500-year-old dental implant near Gebel Ramlah, Egypt, marks the earliest discovery of a medical prosthesis. It would not be until the 20th century, however, that this ancient concept would resurface on a wide scale basis. With the introduction of physiologically inert biomaterials in the 1950s, the field of surgical implants has emerged as arguably one of the greatest medical advancements of our time. It is now estimated that millions of patients worldwide have received some type of prosthesis. This forces us to appreciate the impact of implant-associated infections on patients today and mandates that we as a medical community be prepared to manage these infections effectively. This article provides an in-depth review of the current most commonly used prosthetic devices and the infections that accompany them. We examine the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various implant-associated infections within the fields of general, plastic, orthopedic, dental, and neurosurgery. We will highlight the recent technological advancements and future prospects. We will also draw attention to the need for further research in this ever growing field.
Determinants of Virologic and Immunologic Outcomes in Chronically HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Repeated Treatment Interruptions (2007)

Our results suggest that patients with preexisting mutations and treated with unboosted PI-based HAART should not be enrolled in studies of time-fixed treatment interruptions, being at higher risk of developing plasma mutations during STI and virologic failure at therapy reinstitution.
Three-dimensional measurement of underwater work sites using structured laser light (1999)

Some current operations with remotely operated vehicle (ROVs) require the vehicle to fix itself onto an underwater work site and carry out robotic tasks. For this to occur, a real-time computer model of the work site and its relationship to the vehicle must be determined, especially if the work site has not been designed for such interventions and no fixed docking structure is available. We described a laser-based system that can be used from an ROV to scan the underwater work site and translate the information into a CAD or virtual reality (VR) model. A single stripe is projected onto the work site and an image acquired by the ROV. An image-processing routine is used to optimize object range and shape information obtainable from this stripe and, when several such stripe positions have been determined, the information is combined. This paper concentrates on the image-processing techniques needed to isolate information from underwater images and the results obtained in trials of the system in a laboratory tank. The methodology is able to accommodate differing turbidities and the limitations of the system in terms of accuracy are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Acetyl (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(‐)‐Cycloserine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of post-treatment on the structure and properties of PVDF/FEP blend hollow fiber membranes (2015)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/poly(tetrafluoroethylene-<italic>co</italic>-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) blend hollow fiber membranes were prepared by the melt-spinning method.
Ascorbic acid treatment in nephropathic cystinosis in identical twins. (1981)

Metabolic studies were performed on two HLA identical 9 1/2-year-old twins with nephropathic cystinosis during 14 months' participation in a double-blind study to evaluate ascorbic acid treatment for cystinosis. Replacement therapy was identical in both children throughout the study except for the use of ascorbic acid. Leukocyte cystine content was markedly abnormal and elevated in both children prior to, during, and after the ascorbic acid study. We postulate that the lack of improvement in growth or chemical parameters in the twin treated with ascorbic acid was due to the ineffectiveness of ascorbic acid in decreasing intracellular cystine content.
Micro-service-based radio access network (2022)

The convergence of information, communication, and data technologies (ICDT) has been identified as one of the developing trends of the sixth generation(6G) network. Service-based architecture (SBA) as one of the promising information technology, has been preliminarily introduced into the fifth generation (5G) core network (CN) and successfully commercialized, which verifies its feasibility and effectiveness. However, SBA mainly focuses on the control plane of CN at present and the SBA-CN user plane is being studied by the industry. In addition to further evolving the SBA-CN, SBA radio access network (RAN) should also be considered to enable an end-to-end SBA, so as to meet more comprehensive and extreme requirements of future applications, as well as support fast rollout requirements of RAN devices.
Time dependences of two-, three-, and four-photon ionization of atomic hydrogen in the ground1S2and metastable2S2states (1983)

The two-level model of multiphoton ionization is reviewed within the context of an exact theoretical framework. Parametrization of the complex dressed states arising in a generalized Floquet analysis gives numerical values for the effective two-level parameters for two-, three-, and four-photon ionization of ground-state atomic hydrogen with the (${m}_{l}=0$) intermediate resonant states $2p$, $2s$, and $3p$, respectively. Detailed time dependences of the ionization process are given for responses to a linearly polarized, monochromatic, single-mode laser turned on suddenly with respect to near-resonant states, but adiabatically with respect to all others. Appropriate expressions for time-independent ionization rates are obtained during specific time intervals. The $K$ index ($K=\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}N}{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}I}$), of interest in recent experiments, is understood within the framework of a simple model. Application to four-photon ionization of the metastable $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state of hydrogen illustrates the breakdown of the two-level model, as the number of "near-resonant" levels is a function of the field strength.
In Vivo Nitrate Tolerance Is Not Associated With Reduced Bioconversion of Nitroglycerin to Nitric Oxide (1996)

The results suggest that vascular and hemodynamic NTG tolerance occurs despite high and similar rates of NO formation by NTG in tolerant and nontolerant target tissues. This finding is compatible with the assumption that reduced biological activity of NO, rather than reduced bioconversion of NTG to NO, contributes to in vivo development of nitrate tolerance.
Diverse ultrastructural landscape of atherosclerotic endothelium (2021)

Our study unveils the spectrum of endothelial abnormalities associated with the development of atherosclerosis. These were highly abundant in early lesions and in the shoulder region of advanced plaques, while normalized at the advanced plaque's body. Similar endothelial features were observed in human atherosclerotic plaques, underlining the versatility of endothelial transformations in atherosclerosis.
Clear speech perception in acoustic and electric hearing (2004)

When instructed to speak clearly for people with hearing loss, a talker can effectively enhance the intelligibility of his/her speech by producing "clear" speech. We analyzed global acoustic properties of clear and conversational speech from two talkers and measured their speech intelligibility over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios in acoustic and electric hearing. Consistent with previous studies, we found that clear speech had a slower overall rate, higher temporal amplitude modulations, and also produced higher intelligibility than conversational speech. To delineate the role of temporal amplitude modulations in clear speech, we extracted the temporal envelope from a number of frequency bands and replaced speech fine-structure with noise fine-structure to simulate cochlear implants. Although both simulated and actual cochlear-implant listeners required higher signal-to-noise ratios to achieve normal performance, a 3-4 dB difference in speech reception threshold was preserved between clear and conversational speech for all experimental conditions. These results suggest that while temporal fine structure is important for speech recognition in noise in general, the temporal envelope carries acoustic cues that contribute to the clear speech intelligibility advantage.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-4 Is Both a Positive and Negative Regulator of IGF Activity in Vivo (2008)

IGFs are required for normal prenatal and postnatal growth. Although actions of IGFs can be modulated by a family of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in vitro, these studies have identified a complicated pattern of stimulatory and inhibitory IGFBP effects, so that understanding relevant aspects of IGFBP action in vivo has been limited. Here we have produced a null mutation of one specific IGFBP, IGFBP-4, which is coexpressed with IGF-II early in development. Surprisingly, mutation of IGFBP-4, believed from in vitro studies to be exclusively inhibitory, leads to a prenatal growth deficit that is apparent from the time that the IGF-II growth deficit first arises, which strongly suggests that IGFBP-4 is required for optimal IGF-II-promoted growth during fetal development. Mice encoding a mutant IGFBP-4 protease (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A), which facilitates IGF-II release from an inactive IGF-II/IGFBP-4 complex in vitro, are even smaller than IGFBP-4 mutant mice. However, the more modest IGFBP-4 growth deficit is completely restored in double IGFBP-4/pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A-deficient mice. Taken together these results indicate not only that IGFBP-4 functions as a local reservoir to optimize IGF-II actions needed for normal embryogenesis, but also establish that IGFBP-4 proteolysis is required to activate most, if not all, IGF-II mediated growth-promoting activity.
Brain cholesterol: XVI. Incorporation of different precursors into baboon tissue sterol (1973)

Abstract The relative order of incorporation of 1‐C 14 ‐acetate and 2‐ 3 H‐acetate into tissue cholesterol was similar. Short term fasting tended to decrease incorporation of acetate into liver and adrenal sterol. Other tissues, particularly neural, had the same or showed an increased incorporation. This relative order of incorporation found for acetate was different when U‐ 14 C‐glucose was used. Cholesterol values from neural tissue after glucose were greater than non‐neural sterol values.