gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swept Volume Representation of Material Deposition Processes for Tissue Scaffold Fabrication (2005)

Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques represent a class of manufacturing processes for creating 3D tissue scaffolds. One particular SFF method uses material deposition from a nozzle that undergoes piecewise linear motion. This work develops a process model for this manufacturing device using a swept volume representation of the capabilities of the tool. Specifically, a swept volume, including internal and external structures of scaffolds, describes the tool path information and defines the scaffold to be fabricated. This swept volume based model can be used to simulate the scaffold fabrication process, and to generate a virtual scaffold prototype.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
[Health lips beautiful smile: Conditions to know]. (2016)

Diagnosis and management of lip pathologies should be part of the dentists' responsibilities. Lip pathologies might affect patient's function, appearance and quality of life. The routine clinical examination of the oral cavity includes lip examination--changes in lip color, size or texture should be recognized during the examination, as well as noticing any habit such as lip licking or mouth breathing.The aim of the review is to present common external lip lesions. Color changes--oral melanotic macule is a localized benign pigmented lesion. It might be similar to early melanoma therefore if it is a new lesion, growing or large it should be excised. White and red changes are usually seen at the lower lip which is exposed to the sun light mainly among light skin individuals. The color changes are showing epithelial and subepithlial permanent changes and is called Solar cheilitis. As a potentially malignant disorder the patient should be carefully examined and under follow- ups. These patients are also advised to reduce sun exposure and use sun screen lipsticks. Lichen planus of the lip can be seen as red and white changes the lips are less prevalent site of the disease and usually the patients will have in intra oral involvement as well. Size changes--angioedema is a quick enlargement of the lip sometimes the face as well. It is an allergic reaction to food drugs and other antigens and resolves spontaneously with 72 hours, but when the upper airway is involved an immediate emergency treatment should be given. A chronic swelling of the lip/lips may be a sign of orofacial granulomatosis--a complicated condition with an unknown etiology, diagnosed by a biopsy and elimination of other diagnoses. Treatment includes steroids in various forms or a combination of surgery. Changes of the epithelial surface of the lip can be a result of dry lips in a hot or dry environment or due to mouth breathing. Lip licking might worsen the situation by secondary infection. Angular cheilitis red and sometimes infected lesion of the commissures should be treated by antifungal and antibiotic and prevention of saliva drooling. Recurrent herpes labialis is a common condition that heals spontaneously but the dentist should be aware to local trauma or treatment that might trigger reactivation. In addition, contact of the vesicle fluid might spread the infection. Chronic ulcer or exophytic lesion is sign of lip carcinoma. The majority of patients in Israel are with lighter skin and sun exposure history. Most patients are over the age of 50. Risk groups should be examined carefully and routinely for any lip change. Israel is an endemic area of Leishmaniasis, and any chronic lip lesion among endemic areas residents or workers should be suspected as Leishmaniasis.
Directional Surface Wave Estimates from Doppler Sonar Data (1995)

A quick analysis for deriving directional-frequency spectra from surface grazing Doppler sonar data is presented. Here, “quick” refers to both the short time span of data required and computational ease. The technique employs time and space Fourier transforms to estimate the frequency-wavenumber power content for each sonar beam. The directional information is converted into the first four circular Fourier components at each frequency (including the mean power estimate) to facilitate rotation to true north coordinates. The motivation is to estimate the lowest few circular Fourier components of the directional wave distribution robustly and efficiently, without reducing the statistical stability afforded by the spatial extent of the army. Several potential difficulties inherent to Doppler sonar data are discussed in some detail; the quick analysis is robust with respect to these concerns. Using data from the Surface Wave Process Program (SWAPP), the quick analysis results are compared to those from a three-wire array. The directional components are estimated with reasonable statistical stability from 13-min segments: for example, the mean wave direction has an rms error of about 6°. Comparable accuracy from the wire array requires averaging for about four times as long.
The Effects of Myofascial Trigger Point Injections on Nocturnal Calf Cramps (2015)

These preliminary data show that injection at MTrPs in patients with NCCs not only alleviated pain and reduced the frequency of cramps but also lessened the severity of insomnia as measured by the ISI. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether the effect lasts over the long term.
Detachable Shape‐Memory Sewing Ring for Heart Valves (1992)

The novel sewing ring concept consists of a detachable ring snap connection between valve housing or stent and suture cuff. The suture cuff itself is a memory metal ring of nickel-titanium (NiTi) that is embedded within a textile fabric torus. After a special training program the ring can assume two geometric shapes when alternately cooled and heated. Due to this physical property, the sewing ring can be safely fixed within a groove of the housing or stent by changing between room and physiological temperature. This allows the surgeon first to implant the sewing ring followed by arbitrary positioning and final fixation of the valve by the shape-memory effect. Additional advantages are an increased stiffening of the valve base for minimizing potential leaflet dysfunction, and reduced time and risk of implantation, particularly when a reoperation is necessary.
Tomographic full waveform inversion (TFWI) by successive linearizations and scale separations (2013)

Tomographic full waveform inversion (TFWI) provides a framework to invert the seismic data that is immune to cycleskipping problems. This is achieved by extending the wave equation and adding an offset axis to the velocity model. However, this extension makes the propagation considerably more expensive because each multiplication by velocity becomes a convolution. We provide an alternative formulation which computes the backscattering and the forward scattering components of the gradient separately. To maintain high resolution results of TFWI, the two components of the gradient are first mixed and then separated based on a Fourier domain scale separation. This formulation is based on the Born approximation where the medium parameters are broken into a long-wavelength and short-wavelength components. The inversion setup includes two steps that maintain the high resolution results of TFWI. First, the linearized residual are updated in a nested inversion scheme. This step corrects for the underlying assumption that the data contain primaries only without multiples. Second, the two components of the gradient are first mixed and then separated based on a Fourier domain scale separation to allow for a fully simultaneous inversion of model scales. After deriving the equations, we test the theory with two synthetic examples. The results of both the Marmousi and BP models show that convergence is possible even with large errors in the initial model that would have prevented convergence to conventional FWI.
Relative Activity of Possible Initiating Species Produced from Photolysis of Tetraphenyl and Triphenylbutyl Borates As Measured by Fluorescence Probe Techniques (1998)

Fluorescence probe techniques (FPT) have been used to obtain curing profiles for the polymerization of a model monomer, triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA). A number of new chromophore ammonium salt triphenylbutyl and tetraphenylborates differing only in the structure of the ammonium salt moiety have been used as photoinitiators. The borates were chosen for study so that a comparison of their initiation efficiency would reveal information about the relative activity of possible initiating species produced upon borate photodecomposition. The results support our previous postulate that an α-aminoalkyl radical formed immediately after unimolecular decomposition from the tetraphenylborates is the most effective initiating species and that α−aminoalkyl radicals significantly increase the photoinitiator efficiency of triphenylbutylborates as well. The importance of other radicals to the initiation step is also discussed.
Gesture Recognition with Sensor Data Fusion of Two Complementary Sensing Methods (2018)

This paper presents the further development of a Dielectric Elastomer Sensor (DES) based gesture recognition system by sensor data fusion of two complementary sensor systems. The combination of two independent sensor systems with different physical principles enables a reliable recognition of hand and arm movements, which can be used to distinguish the origin of the movement, which means whether it is initiated actively by the nervous system or passively by external forces. The voluntary movements of the hand with the corresponding activity of the forearm muscles are registered with a noninvasive electromyography sensor system of the Myo gesture control armband. The steady-state positions of the passively positioned arm are detected with flexible DES stretching over the arm joints. In this paper, the solution approach as well as the experimental setup for a wearable gesture recognition system based on sensor data fusion of the sensors is presented. Promising results show the capability of combining the advantages of each sensor by fusion of the two different sensor data. This system can be used in various applications such as rehabilitation monitoring or intuitive control of robot systems.
Physics and design of a SOI Field-Effect-Diode memory cell (2012)

A new family of well behaved memory cells based on the SOIFED has been described and their operation explained. Their operation relies on modifying the conductivity of the SOI film locally by suitably biasing the gates. They are easier to fabricate and their performance is excellent.
Managing through a recession: options for farm operators (2015)

Managing through a recession: options for farm operators and agriculture lenders, continued from page 2 continued on page 4 A fter several years of high grain prices and generous margins, crop producers are facing a 2009 that looks less than rosy.Higher inputs costs and selling prices well below the peaks of 2008 will result in fewer dollars left over to pay landlords and put into savings.Livestock producers have had to endure many months of thin or negative margins, as well.Here is a list of possible fi nancial management practices and strategies that could come in handy this year. Prepare an accurate set of fi nancial statements.Highly variable inventory prices and increasing land values will make this year's balance sheet look quite different from last year's.And for grain farmers, a net income statement for 2008 may be something you to share with your lender.Check out the handy spreadsheets under the Finance section of Ag Decision Maker Web site.Prepare a detailed cash fl ow budget.Many crop farmers will have a hard time meeting all their cash commitments from sales in 2009.Higher input costs and rents will increase operating line requirements.Livestock farmers will need to budget feed purchases carefully.More AgDM decision tools are available to make the task easier.Shop around for inputs.Depending on when suppliers booked fuel, fertilizer, pesticides and other inputs, prices may vary dramatically.Consider both cost savings and yield effects when applying inputs.For example, cutting back on nitrogen fertilizer when costs are high makes sense, but only up to a point.Use the ISU Nitrogen Calculator to fi nd the right level for current prices. Know your costs of production. When profi table sellingopportunities arise, lock them in.Watch for opportunities to price crop inputs, feed, and feeder livestock, as well.Document yields for a possible crop insurance or SURE payment.Many crop producers will receive an insurance indemnity payment due to falling prices in 2008 as well as from damage caused by rain or fl oods.
Effects of different polyphenols on the structure and properties of sodium caseinate films mediated by tyrosinase (2022)

This study evaluated the effects of tyrosinase (Tyr) catalysis on the properties of composite films consisting of sodium caseinate (SC) and polyphenols. The effects of polyphenol type, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA), on the basic properties of the composite films were explored. Analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, infrared, and circular dichroism spectroscopies confirmed that a covalent interaction occurred between SC and the polyphenols after catalysis with tyrosinase. The molecular structure and physicochemical properties of SC were influenced by attachment of the polyphenols, which altered the protein's film-forming properties. Compared to non-covalent composite films, the porosity was lower, the mechanical strength was higher, and the water vapor permeability was higher for the covalent-composite films. The degree of cross-linking between SC and EGCG was greater than for the other polyphenols, which led to better mechanical and barrier properties in the films formed from SC-EGCG conjugates. This study shows that polyphenols can be used to improve the properties of edible films made from an important milk protein.
Forces from the rear: deformed microtubules in neuronal growth cones influence retrograde flow and advancement (2013)

The directed motility of growth cones at the tip of neuronal processes is a key function in neuronal path-finding and relies on a complex system of interacting cytoskeletal components. Despite intensive research in this field, many aspects of the mechanical roles of actin structures and, in particular, of microtubules throughout this process remain unclear. Mostly, force generation is ascribed to actin–myosin-based structures such as filopodia bundles and the dynamic polymer gel within the lamellipodium. Our analysis of microtubule buckling and deformation in motile growth cones reveals that extending microtubule filaments contribute significantly to the overall protrusion force. In this study, we establish a relationship of the local variations in stored bending energy and deformation characteristics to growth cone morphology and retrograde actin flow. This implies the relevance of microtubule pushing and deformation for general neurite advancement as well as steering processes.
A comparison of thein vitroproduction of IGFs, IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in cultures of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments from obese subjects (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
New quality assessment criterion of AlSi5Cu1 alloy (2007)

The paper presents the discussion of the results of mechanical testing for aluminium foundry alloy AlSi5Cu1Mg for high-loaded machine elements. Values of yield strength (Rp0.2), tensile strength (Rm), elongation(A5) and hardness (HB) are usually considered as the primary quality assessment criterion for a manufacturing process. It was concluded, that this criterion, A5 index particularly, is unsatisfactory to estimate the plasticity of the alloy and its crack resistance in the presence of sharp-pointed stress concentrators or microcracks. More adequate parameter is plane strain fracture toughness KIc. However, size of the samples appeared to be twice as large as would be needed to fulfill requirements of test conditions, and the test itself is laborious and time-consuming that it becomes impractical as a acceptance test. Therefore, substitute test for quality assessment – determination of tensile strength in the presence of a sharp notch k m R was applied. The comparative analysis of k m R /Rp0.2 ratio, as a more enhanced fatigue resistance criterion than k R and plane strain fracture toughness KIc of the alloy was performed. It was assumed that k m R /Rp0.2 parameter has good correlation with the critical stress intensity factor KIc Thus, under manufacturing process conditions, being unable to carry out KIc test, it may be successfully replaced by k m R test.
Evidence that the Physiological Pulse Frequency of Glucagon Secretion Optimizes Glucose Production by Perifused Rat Hepatocytes* (1986)

We have reported that glucagon administered to perifused rat hepatocytes as a series of pulses at 15-min intervals is a more effective stimulus for hepatocyte glucose production (HGP) than is continuous glucagon infusion. To test whether the efficiency of HGP depends upon the frequency of pulsatile glucagon delivery, we administered glucagon to perifused rat hepatocytes as a series of pulses of fixed amplitude [922 +/- 30 (+/- SE) pg/ml] at eight separate pulse intervals ranging from 3-45 min. Compared to continuous infusion of the same total amount of hormone, pulsatile glucagon administration clearly enhanced HGP in a frequency-dependent fashion. At pulse intervals between 10 and 20 min, pulsatile HGP exceeded continuous HGP by a factor of 1.5-2. This range of optimal intervals compared favorably with the glucagon secretory period of 10 min observed in nonhuman primates and that of 13-20 min observed in humans. We noted a desensitization of the hepatocyte response to glucagon that was directly proportional to the log of the time-averaged hormone concentration. Since the magnitude of the desensitization elicited by pulsatile glucagon delivery exceeded the desensitization elicited by continuous hormone delivery regardless of pulse frequency, differential desensitization could not explain the frequency dependency of the pulse enhancement effect. A mathematical simulation of our data demonstrated that the asymmetry of the HGP waveform elicited by a brief glucagon pulse could account for the observed frequency dependency of HGP. Pulse to pulse summation and the desensitization phenomenon modulated both the magnitude of the pulse enhancement effect and the frequency range over which the effect was manifest. We conclude that the enhancement of HGP by glucagon pulses is a frequency-dependent phenomenon and that the physiological glucagon secretory period optimizes HGP.
In situX-ray diffraction analysis of (CFx)nbatteries: signal extraction by multivariate analysis (2007)

(CF x ) n cathode reaction during discharge has been investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mathematical treatment of the in situ XRD data set was performed using multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR–ALS), a technique of multivariate analysis. MCR–ALS analysis successfully separated the relatively weak XRD signal intensity due to the chemical reaction from the other inert cell component signals. The resulting dynamic reaction component revealed the loss of (CF x ) n cathode signal together with the simultaneous appearance of LiF by-product intensity. Careful examination of the XRD data set revealed an additional dynamic component which may be associated with the formation of an intermediate compound during the discharge process.
The True Nature of the Di-iron(III) γ-Keggin Structure in Water:  Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation and Chemistry of an Unsymmetrical Trimer (2006)

The complex [gamma(1,2)-SiW(10){Fe(OH(2))}(2)O(38)](6)(-) (1) has been reported to catalyze the much sought reductant-free selective O(2)-based epoxidation of alkenes (Nishiyama, Y.; Nakagawa, Y.; Mizuno, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3639-3641) in chlorocarbon-acetonitrile solution. The challenge of reproducing catalysis by 1 led us to examine this chemistry in detail. In H(2)O, a desirable solvent for catalysis, 1, does not exist in the proposed organic-medium form in which the two iron atoms are in the binding pocket defined by the equatorial oxygens and, importantly, by two oxygens bound to the central Si heteroatom. Instead, 1 in H(2)O initially forms an unusual trimer [{Fe(2)(OH)(3)(H(2)O)(2)}(3)(gamma-SiW(10)O(36))(3)](15)(-) (2). The X-ray structure of 2 shows that the Fe-O(Si) bonds are cleaved and new bonds (mu-hydroxo bridges) form between these Fe centers and those of the neighboring [gamma(1,2)-SiW(10)Fe(2)] units. Structural, physical, and computational evidence indicate that if the bonds between the d-electron center, M (Fe in the case of 1 and 2), and the terminal ligands on M are stronger than the M-O(x)() bonds, then the out-of-pocket form is more stable and is the one observed. Significantly, 2 in H(2)O forms an intermediate that catalyzes the effective aerobic oxidation of sulfur compounds (mercaptoethanol is oxidized to the corresponding disulfide by O(2) at ambient pressure and temperature). All experimental findings are consistent with dissociation of a gamma-SiW(10) Keggin unit from the trimer, 2, to form the catalytically active species.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from <i>PTEN</i> Deletion in Prostate Cancer Cells Does Not Associate with Loss of RAD51 Function: Implications for Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy (2023)

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Fast and robust 3D feature extraction from sparse point clouds (2016)

Matching 3D point clouds, a critical operation in map building and localization, is difficult with Velodyne-type sensors due to the sparse and non-uniform point clouds that they produce. Standard methods from dense 3D point clouds are generally not effective. In this paper, we describe a feature-based approach using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of neighborhoods of points, which results in mathematically principled line and plane features. The key contribution in this work is to show how this type of feature extraction can be done efficiently and robustly even on non-uniformly sampled point clouds. The resulting detector runs in real-time and can be easily tuned to have a low false positive rate, simplifying data association. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm on an autonomous car at the MCity Test Facility using a Velodyne HDL-32E, and we compare our results against the state-of-the-art NARF keypoint detector.
A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for multichannel quantum scattering of atoms and molecules (2023)

We propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for atomic and molecular collisions. The algorithm is based on the $S$-matrix version of the Kohn variational principle, which computes the fundamental scattering $S$-matrix by inverting the Hamiltonian matrix expressed in the basis of square-integrable functions. The computational bottleneck of the classical algorithm -- symmetric matrix inversion -- is addressed here using the variational quantum linear solver (VQLS), a recently developed noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. We apply our algorithm to single and multichannel quantum scattering problems, obtaining accurate vibrational relaxation probabilities in collinear atom-molecule collisions. We also show how the algorithm could be scaled up to simulate collisions of large polyatomic molecules. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to calculate scattering cross sections and rates for complex molecular collisions on NISQ quantum processors, opening up the possibility of scalable digital quantum computation of gas-phase bimolecular collisions and reactions of relevance to astrochemistry and ultracold chemistry.