gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silent myocardial ischemia is associated with altered plasma phospholipids (2009)

Timely and accurate confirmation of the occurrence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is critical both for prevention and therapy management. Metabolomics assay may offer an alternative for SMI differentiation and altered biomolecule discovery in addition to traditional measures. In this study, plasma samples were obtained from 14 diagnosed SMI subjects and 25 healthy controls and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in view of metabolomics. Obtained data were subjected to orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminate analysis. Multi-variate statistic analysis indicated a clear separation between the two studied groups. Plasma concentration fluctuation of four kinds of phospholipids showed tight relationship with the occurrence of SMI, among which 1-linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (C18:2) was decreased statistically in SMI population (P=0.01). The plasma phospholipids' changes were before enzymatic alteration in SMI, which might be a useful complementary reference to facilitate SMI diagnosis.
Synthesis of Au nanoparticle doped SiO2–TiO2 films: tuning of Au surface plasmon band position through controlling the refractive index (2005)

The position of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Au nanoparticles was tailored by controlling the refractive indices (n) of the embedding matrices, to develop different coloured coatings on glass substrates. Five sets of Au nanoparticle doped coatings were prepared from sols derived from tetraethyl orthosilicate–3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane–titanium tetraethoxide containing gold chloride, following a sol-gel dip-coating method. The film samples of nominal formula (SiO2)x(TiO2)0.97−xAu0.03 (x = 0.97, 0.679, 0.485, 0.388 and 0.242) were prepared after heat treatment at 500 °C in air. The Au SPR peak, in the case of a SiO2 host (SiO2 : TiO2 = 1 : 0, n = 1.411), observed at 542 nm, gradually red-shifted to 600 nm upon increasing the TiO2 content (SiO2 : TiO2 = 1 : 3, n = 1.939). As a consequence, a systematic change of the Au SPR position yielded pink, magenta, violet, royal and blue coloured coatings on ordinary sheet glasses. The formation of Au nanoparticles in the above gel and glassy coating matrices was monitored by UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
STAFFING OF MAINTENANCE CREWS DURING WINTER MONTHS (1985)

The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation wished to learn whether winter maintenance manpower was being used effectively and developed a research project for this purpose. The objectives of the study were to determine the cost-effectiveness of single- and dual-shift staffing during the winter months, identify maintenance activities that are not snow related and that can be performed during cold weather, estimate the amounts of work that can be accomplished with single and dual shifts, and ascertain optimum winter staffing patterns. Data from actual winters were obtained and computer models were developed to permit the calculation of regular time, premium time, and regular time when there was insufficient light to work and it was not snowing. Other states with weather similar to Pennsylvania's were contacted and furnished information about their use of maintenance manpower during the winter months. In-depth interviews were also conducted with Pennsylvania Department of Transportation personnel at various levels. A winter severity index based on total meteorological data rather than snowfall only was developed during this study to provide a means of approximating the relative severity of winters in terms of labor costs. The computer model permitted the cost-effectiveness of a wide variety of staffing patterns to be evaluated in each county in Pennsylvania. It was determined that dual-shift operation for at least part of the winter season can be more economical than single-shift operation in some districts and counties in Pennsylvania.
Hybrid mitigation of distortion in digital arrays (2005)

Radars and other RF systems are often used to detect weak signals in the presence of strong interference. Consequently, these systems must be designed to accommodate both (1) high SNR levels, and (2) high instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) levels. Recently, digital beam forming (DBF) techniques have been proposed as a means of improving both SNR and IDR. In a DBF system, high SNR levels can be produced by coherently combining many lower IDR transmit/receive (T/R) channels. However, this does not necessarily result in an equally improved IDR because distortion, which is introduced by the RF electronics within each T/R channel, could also be coherently integrated by the beamformer. The resulting integrated distortion could exceed the noise level at the beamformer's output, thereby limiting IDR improvement. This paper describes an approach to increasing the IDR levels achieved by digital arrays. The approach combines traditional DBF techniques with new IDR enhancement measures. Dynamic range enhancement is achieved through the use of two complementary processes: (1) decorrelation of spurs, phase noise, and various intermodulation products, (2) linearization of selected intermodulation products. This approach provides an efficient means for reducing the broad range of distortion products that typically limit IDR.
Simplified bond-hyperpolarizability model of second-harmonic-generation in Si(111): theory and experiment (2013)

Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) in centrosymmetric material such as Si(111) is usually understood either from the phenomenology theory or more recently using the Simplified Bond-Hyperpolarizability Model (SBHM) [G. D. Powell, J. F. Wang, and D. E. Aspnes, Phys. Rev. B 65, 205320/1 (2002)]. Although SBHM is derived from a classical point of view, it has the advantage over the former that it gives-especially for lower symmetry systems- a clear physical picture and a more efficient explanation of how nonlinearity is generated. In this paper we provide a step-by-step description of the SBHM in Si(111) for the linear and second harmonic case. We present a SHG experiment of Si(111) and show how it can be modelled by summing up the contribution of the fields produced by the anharmonic motion along the bonds.
Rational design of a global inhibitor of the virulence response in Staphylococcus aureus , based in part on localization of the site of inhibition to the receptor-histidine kinase, AgrC (2000)

Two-component signaling systems involving receptor-histidine kinases are ubiquitous in bacteria and have been found in yeast and plants. These systems provide the major means by which bacteria communicate with each other and the outside world. Remarkably, very little is known concerning the extracellular ligands that presumably bind to receptor-histidine kinases to initiate signaling. The two-component agr signaling circuit in Staphylococcus aureus is one system where the ligands are known in chemical detail, thus opening the door for detailed structure-activity relationship studies. These ligands are short (8- to 9-aa) peptides containing a thiolactone structure, in which the alpha-carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid is linked to the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine, which is always the fifth amino acid from the C terminus of the peptide. One unique aspect of the agr system is that peptides that activate virulence expression in one group of S. aureus strains also inhibit virulence expression in other groups of S. aureus strains. Herein, it is demonstrated by switching the receptor-histidine kinase, AgrC, between strains of different agr specificity types, that intragroup activation and intergroup inhibition are both mediated by the same group-specific receptors. These results have facilitated the development of a global inhibitor of virulence in S. aureus, which consists of a truncated version of one of the naturally occurring thiolactone peptides.
Researches on manufacturing cloud service composition &amp; optimization approach supporting for service statistic correlation (2014)

In order to improve the quality of manufacturing cloud service composition, the influence of service statistic correlation on the QoS of cloud service composition was studied, then a cloud service composition & optimization approach supporting for service statistic correlation was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the statistic correlation between cloud services and their influence on QoS was analyzed, and then a cloud service statistic correlation model was built. Secondly, by introducing the index of statistic correlation degree into the QoS model of cloud service composition, the cloud service composition & optimization problem was solved by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Case study and analysis demonstrate that the proposed method is not only feasible and effectual, but also significant for promoting the development and application of cloud manufacturing.
Oxygen self-sufficient fluorinated polypeptide nanoparticles for NIR imaging-guided enhanced photodynamic therapy (2018)

A major hindrance for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to achieve higher efficiency is the hypoxia environment in the tumor area and the PDT-induced continuous consumption of molecular oxygen. Oxygen self-sufficient fluorinated polypeptide nanoparticles have been synthesized via the loading of a NIR photosensitizer (BODIPY-Br<sub>2</sub>) into a water-dispersible drug delivery system for high efficiency PDT. As a result of the higher oxygen capacity and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> lifetime enhancement of perfluorocarbon, the whole PDT agent demonstrated higher oxygen uptake and enhanced singlet oxygen production, showing the potential to improve the PDT efficacy in hypoxia tumor environments after light irradiation. In vitro studies including cellular uptake and PDT efficiency were evaluated using hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells as models, and the enhanced PDT efficiency of fluorinated polypeptide DDS with higher O<sub>2</sub> content was measured on a tumor-bearing BALB/c mice model by in vivo experiments. Results demonstrated that the fluorinated polypeptide platform plays a significant role as an effective delivery vehicle for small molecule photosensitizers while increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and having higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells, especially in the hypoxia environment. In addition, the BODIPY-Br<sub>2</sub> photosensitizer worked for both PDT and imaging in the NIR region making it a potential theranostic for cancer treatment.
Outbreak Intervention for Bloodstream Infections Caused by Methicillin Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (2012)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) may cause severe infections in newborns hospitalised in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). The present study aimed to investigate the outbreak of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by CoNS among 18 neonates in Polish NICU, including the implementation of preventive strategies. The outbreak period was observed from June to September 2009 in a group of 1016 newborns. To terminate the outbreak, an independent audit was performed in October 2009 by a team of experts. The post-intervention time lasted from January to March 2010. The genotype characteristics of CoNS derived from the blood samples and strains isolated from the NICU environment and staff hands were analysed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis). In the outbreak period, the incidence density of BSI was 4.5/1000 patient days (pds), whereas that of CoNS BSI was 3.3/1000 pds. Generally, in the outbreak period, 18 cases of BSI caused by CoNS were registered with a large number of new cases in the 34 th week of 2009, associated with a four-day-long public holiday. Both monomicrobial infections, as well as polymicrobial ones caused by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were noted. The result indicated high epidemic level of resistance genes among the CNS strains as well as horizontal spread of selected clones. After the intervention, when the preventive procedures had been standardized, a twofold decrease was recorded in the incidence rate of BSI from 4.5/1000 pds in the outbreak time comparing to 2.4/1000 pds in the post-intervention time. Our data support the view that CoNS are significant nosocomial pathogens in NICU and that some clones are transmitted between babies, through the hands of the staff. The research shows a failure to prepare Polish Infection Control Teams for crisis situations, such as an epidemic, and, at the same time, cautions against a similar occurrence in the future.
Serine Racemase Deletion Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia and Excitotoxicity (2010)

D-Serine, formed from L-serine by serine racemase (SR), is a physiologic coagonist at NMDA receptors. Using mice with targeted deletion of SR, we demonstrate a role for D-serine in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity and stroke. Brain cultures of SR-deleted mice display markedly diminished nitric oxide (NO) formation and neurotoxicity. In intact SR knock-out mice, NO formation and nitrosylation of NO targets are substantially reduced. Infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion is dramatically diminished in several regions of the brains of SR mutant mice despite evidence of increased NMDA receptor number and sensitivity.
Azimuthal Force on a Dielectric Particle due to Superpositions of Fundamental Modes of a Silicon Strip Waveguide (2021)

We compute the azimuthal force on a dielectric particle near a silicon waveguide due to superpositions of fundamental modes. A peak of 75 fN/mW is observed for a 250×250 nm 2 core at 1550 nm wavelength.
Distributed Web Search as a Stochastic Game (2003)

Distributed search systems are an emerging phenomenon in Web search, in which independent topic-specific search engines provide search services, and metasearchers distribute user&amp;apos;s queries to only the most suitable search engines. Previous research has investigated methods for engine selection and merging of search results (i.e. performance improvements from the user&amp;apos;s perspective). We focus instead on performance from the service provider&amp;apos;s point of view (e.g, income from queries processed vs. resources used to answer them). We analyse a scenario in which individual search engines compete for user queries by choosing which documents (topics) to index. The challenge is that the utilities of an engine&amp;apos;s actions should depend on the uncertain actions of competitors. Thus, naive strategies (e.g, blindly indexing lots of popular documents) are ineffective. We model the competition between search engines as a stochastic game, and propose a reinforcement learning approach to managing search index contents. We evaluate our approach using a large log of user queries to 47 real search engines.
Differential Diagnosis for Pancreatic Cysts in CT Scans Using Densely-Connected Convolutional Networks (2018)

The lethal nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) calls for early differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts, which are identified in up to 16% of normal subjects, and some of which may develop into PDAC. Previous computer-aided developments have achieved certain accuracy for classification on segmented cystic lesions in CT. However, pancreatic cysts have a large variation in size and shape, and the precise segmentation of them remains rather challenging, which restricts the computer-aided interpretation of CT images acquired for differential diagnosis. We propose a computer-aided framework for early differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts without pre-segmenting the lesions using densely-connected convolutional networks (Dense-Net). The Dense-Net learns high-level features from whole abnormal pancreas and builds mappings between medical imaging appearance to different pathological types of pancreatic cysts. To enhance the clinical applicability, we integrate saliency maps in the framework to assist the physicians to understand the decision of the deep learning method. The test on a cohort of 206 patients with 4 pathologically confirmed subtypes of pancreatic cysts has achieved an overall accuracy of 72.8%, which is significantly higher than the baseline accuracy of 48.1%, which strongly supports the clinical potential of our developed method.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2017)

This special topic issue of 'Visceral Medicine' contains contributions discussing the subject in-depth. 'Visceral Medicine' is a well-respected, international peer-reviewed journal in surgery. Special topic issues are included in the subscription.
TinkerNet: a low-cost and ready-to-deploy networking laboratory platform (2006)

TinkerNet1 was developed as a low-cost platform for teaching bottom-up, hands-on networking at the undergraduate level. Using throw away PCs, cheap components, and free software, TinkerNet enables students to build their own networking stack from Ethernet up to TCP or UDP, and to have their packets actually transmitted on the wire. Since nothing is emulated, standard networking tools such as packet sniffers may be used to test student generated traffic from a host located on the TinkerNet network. Over the past summer TinkerNet has matured and advanced thanks to an NSF deployment grant. This paper discusses TinkerNet design, development, and availability.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural determinations of some new polyoxofluorovanadates [V14O36F4]8− interleaved by water molecules and organic cations NH3(CH2)nNH3 (n = 4–6) (1997)

[V 14 O 36 F 4 ] 8- polyanions are built up from two trimers of three edge-sharing VO 5 F octahedra, two dimers of two square pyramids related by their basal plane, two VO 4 tetrahedra and two VO 4 F trigonal bipyramids; between them are intercalated water molecules and diprotonated amines which stabilize the structures by hydrogen bonds.
Ensemble Reinforcement Learning: A Survey (2023)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a highly effective technique for addressing various scientific and applied problems. Despite its success, certain complex tasks remain challenging to be addressed solely with a single model and algorithm. In response, ensemble reinforcement learning (ERL), a promising approach that combines the benefits of both RL and ensemble learning (EL), has gained widespread popularity. ERL leverages multiple models or training algorithms to comprehensively explore the problem space and possesses strong generalization capabilities. In this study, we present a comprehensive survey on ERL to provide readers with an overview of recent advances and challenges in the field. Firstly, we provide an introduction to the background and motivation for ERL. Secondly, we conduct a detailed analysis of strategies such as model selection and combination that have been successfully implemented in ERL. Subsequently, we explore the application of ERL, summarize the datasets, and analyze the algorithms employed. Finally, we outline several open questions and discuss future research directions of ERL. By offering guidance for future scientific research and engineering applications, this survey significantly contributes to the advancement of ERL.
2D Pulses using spatially dependent frequency sweeping (2015)

The 2D frequency-modulated pulses are a new class of pulses that generate phase coherence sequentially along a spatial trajectory determined by gradient- and frequency-modulated functions. By exploiting their spatiotemporal nature, 2D frequency-modulated pulses can compensate for spatial variation of the radiofrequency field in a single-shot excitation. Preliminary results shown suggest extensions might also be used to compensate for static field inhomogeneity. Magn Reson Med 76:1364-1374, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Proton motive force, energy recycling by end product excretion, and metabolic uncoupling during anaerobic growth of Pseudomonas mendocina (1990)

Batch cultures of Pseudomonas mendocina, grown in rich medium with glucose excess, showed metabolic differences dependent upon whether the growth conditions were aerobic or anaerobic, with or without added electron acceptor. Under anaerobic conditions in the absence of nitrate, P. mendocina reached the stationary phase of growth after 2 or 3 days, followed by a stationary phase of 4 to 5 days. Under these conditions, a mixed-type fermentative metabolism (formic, lactic, and acetic acids) appeared. A fivefold-higher specific rate of glucose consumption and eightfold-higher production of organic acids, compared with aerobic cultures, were shown by this microorganism growing anaerobically in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors. The gradients of organic acid produced by P. mendocina under these conditions reached a maximum (lactate, 180 mV; formate, 150 mV; acetate, 215 mV) between days 2 and 3 of culture. The proton motive force (delta p) decreased during growth from -254 to -71 mV. The intracellular pH remained alkaline during the culture, reaching a steady-state value of 7.9. The gradients of organic acids apparently contributed to the generation of a delta p, which, according to the Energy Recycling Model (P. A. M. Michels, J. P. J. Michels, J. Boonstra, and W. N. Konings, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 5:357-364, 1979), would produce an average energy gain of 1 or 1.5 mol of ATP equivalents per mol of glucose consumed with H+/ATP stoichiometry of 3 or 2, respectively. Low YATP and Yglucose values were observed, suggesting that an uncoupled metabolism exists; i.e., ATP produced by catabolic processes is not directly used for biomass synthesis. This metabolic uncoupling could be induced at least in part by organic acids and the ATP wastage could be induced by a membrane-bound ATPase involved in intracellular pH regulation.
Left atrial strain predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation therapy in patients with sinus rhythm and preserved left ventricular systolic function (2014)

Deformacija lijevog atrija kao predskazatelj povrata fibrilacije atrija nakon kateterske ablacije u bolesnika s paroksizmalnom fibrilacijom atrija
Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Changes during Whole-Body Deep Hypothermia (2013)

Whole-body deep hypothermia (DH) could be a new therapeutic strategy for asphyxiated newborn. This retrospective study describes how DH modified the heart rate and arterial blood pressure if compared to mild hypothermia (MH). Fourteen in DH and 17 in MH were cooled within the first six hours of life and for the following 72 hours. Hypothermia criteria were gestational age ≥36 weeks; birth weight ≥1800 g; clinical signs of moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Rewarming was obtained in the following 6-12 hours (0.5°C/h) after cooling. Heart rates were the same between the two groups; there was statistically significant difference at the beginning of hypothermia and during rewarming. Three babies in the DH group and 2 in the MH group showed HR < 80 bpm and QTc > 520 ms. Infant submitted to deep hypothermia had not bradycardia or Qtc elongation before cooling and after rewarming. Blood pressure was significantly lower in DH compared to MH during the cooling, and peculiar was the hypotension during rewarming in DH group. Conclusion. The deeper hypothermia is a safe and feasible, only if it is performed by a well-trained team. DH should only be associated with a clinical trial and prospective randomized trials to validate its use.
Cognitive Modification in Existing Odor Category by Discrimination Learning and Recognition Memory Tasks (2010)

本研究では，人為的に特定の役割を付加された臭気の質的側面に着目した分類を「臭質カテゴリー」と呼んだ．我々は都市ガスの臭質を例にとり，「都市ガスを原因とする危険をユーザーに知らせる」という役割を担った都市ガスの臭質カテゴリーに「都市ガスの新しいにおい」として新規の臭質が導入される状況を想定した．そして，ユーザーが新規の臭質を「都市ガスの新しいにおい」として認識することにより，新規の臭質が都市ガスの既存の臭質カテゴリーに追加され，カテゴリー内の臭質の種類が増えていく過程を学習と捉えた．既存の臭質と新規の臭質との弁別課題を用いて学習を行った後，3か月間にわたって新規の臭質の再認課題を実施することにより，（1）学習効果の時間的持続性，（2）再学習の効果，（3）学習および再学習における臭気の提示頻度の効果，の3点について検討した．その結果，本方法では臭質カテゴリーに新規の臭質のみを追加することは容易ではなく，追加されるべきでない臭質が誤って追加される可能性が示された．