gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Attitude Filtering Methods (2005)

This paper provides a survey of modern nonlinear filtering methods for attitude estimation. Early applications relied mostly on the extended Kalman filter for attitude estimation. Since these applications, several new approaches have been developed that have proven to be superior to the extended Kalman filter. Several of these approaches maintain the basic structure of the extended Kalman filter, but employ various modifications in order to provide better convergence or improve other performance characteristics. Examples of such approaches include: filter QUEST, extended QUEST, the super-iterated extended Kalman filter, the interlaced extended Kalman filter, and the second-order Kalman filter. Filters that propagate and update a discrete set of sigma points rather than using linearized equations for the mean and covariance are also reviewed. A two-step approach is discussed with a first-step state that linearizes the measurement model and an iterative second step to recover the desired attitude states. These approaches are all based on the Gaussian assumption that the probability density function is adequately specified by its mean and covariance. Other approaches that do not require this assumption are reviewed, including particle filters and a Bayesian filter based on a non-Gaussian, finite-parameter probability density function on SO(3). Finally, the predictive filter, nonlinear observers and adaptive approaches are shown. The strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches are discussed.
Physical association of low density lipoprotein particles and extracellular vesicles unveiled by single particle analysis (2022)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma are recognized as potential biomarkers for disease. Although blood plasma is easily obtainable, analysis of EVs at the single particle level is still challenging due to the biological complexity of this body fluid. Besides EVs, plasma contains different types of lipoproteins particles (LPPs), that outnumber EVs by orders of magnitude and which partially overlap in biophysical properties such as size, density and molecular makeup. Consequently, during EV isolation LPPs are often co-isolated. Furthermore, physical EV-LPP complexes have been observed in purified EV preparations. Since co-isolation or association of LPPs can impact single EV-based analysis and biomarker profiling, we investigated whether under physiological conditions LPPs and EVs can associate by using cryo-electron tomography, label-free synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering analysis of optically trapped particles and fluorescence-based high resolution single particle flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact on flow cytometric analysis in the absence or presence of different types of LPPs using in vitro spike-in experiments of purified tumor cell line-derived EVs in different classes of purified human LPPs. Based on orthogonal single-particle analysis techniques we demonstrated that EV-LPP complexes can form under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that in fluorescence-based flow cytometric EV analysis staining of LPPs, as well as EV-LPP associations can influence EV analysis in a quantitative and qualitative manner. Our findings demonstrate that the biological colloidal matrix of the biofluid in which EVs reside impacts their buoyant density, size and/or refractive index (RI), which may have consequences for down-stream EV analysis.
Embedded resistors for microwave applications up to 50 GHz on printed circuit boards (2013)

Using the thin film embedded resistor technology various designs for termination resistors, attenuators and Wilkinson power splitters are developed for applications on printed circuit boards (PCB) for frequencies up to 50 GHz. Thereby, consistent design methods for the simulation models have been used. Insufficient tolerances related to resistance and etching accuracy of the produced structures are having a strong influence on their overall performance. Due to an optimized production process sufficient tolerances could be achieved, which was leading to good experimental results. E.g. a design of a termination resistor for grounded coplanar waveguides (GCPW) shows a return loss greater than 22 dB up to a frequency of 50 GHz and a 6 dB attenuator shows a return loss greater than 20 dB and a constant attenuation of 6.0 dB with a tolerance of 0.2 dB up to a frequency of 32 GHz. The consistency of the design method for the created simulation models is validated in terms of the good correspondence between the theoretical and experimental results of the simulated and produced structures.
Effects of Tillage Practices on Dissemination and Spatial Patterns of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Yield (2007)

Two field experiments were conducted in central Iowa to assess the effects of tillage on Heterodera glycines dissemination and reproduction and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Plots in both experiments were artificially infested with equivalent numbers of H. glycines cysts. In one experiment, plots were left noninfested or received aggregated or uniform infestation, and a susceptible soybean cultivar was grown for 3 years. By the end of the first growing season and through the second, H. glycines population densities were consistently greater (P ≤ 0.05) in uniformly infested plots than in plots with aggregated infestations. No differences in soybean yield among the treatments were detected. In a second experiment, a 1-m<sup>2</sup> area of each plot was infested with H. glycines cysts, susceptible soybeans were grown for four seasons, and crop residue was managed with either ridge-, conventional-, reduced-, or no-tillage. After 1 year, nematode population densities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in no- and ridge-tillage treatments. After 2 years, H. glycines had been disseminated 6.9 m from the infestation site in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments but only 0.5 and 1.4 m for no-tillage and ridge-tillage treatments, respectively. After 3 years, H. glycines population densities were 10 times greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in the no-tillage treatment; conventional-tillage was the only treatment with yield significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the noninfested control. Aggregation of H. glycines eggs was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in no- and ridge-tillage treatments than in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments. Results indicate tillage can quickly disseminate H. glycines in newly infested fields, facilitating more rapid nematode reproduction and subsequent yield loss.
Enriching Cysteine-Containing Peptides Using a Sulfhydryl-Reactive Alkylating Reagent with a Phosphonic Acid Group and Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (2023)

The reduction of disulfide bonds and their subsequent alkylation are commonplace in typical proteomics workflows. Here, we highlight a sulfhydryl-reactive alkylating reagent with a phosphonic acid group (iodoacetamido-LC-phosphonic acid, 6C-CysPAT) that facilitates the enrichment of cysteine-containing peptides for isobaric tag-based proteome abundance profiling. Specifically, we profile the proteome of the SH-SY5Y human cell line following 24 h treatments with two proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and MG-132) in a tandem mass tag (TMT)pro9-plex experiment. We acquire three datasets─(1) Cys-peptide enriched, (2) the unbound complement, and (3) the non-depleted control─and compare the peptides and proteins quantified in each dataset, with emphasis on Cys-containing peptides. The data show that enrichment using 6C-Cys phosphonate adaptable tag (6C-CysPAT) can quantify over 38,000 Cys-containing peptides in 5 h with >90% specificity. In addition, our combined dataset provides the research community with a resource of over 9900 protein abundance profiles exhibiting the effects of two different proteasome inhibitors. Overall, the seamless incorporation of alkylation by 6C-CysPAT into a current TMT-based workflow permits the enrichment of a Cys-containing peptide subproteome. The acquisition of this "mini-Cys" dataset can be used to preview and assess the quality of a deep, fractionated dataset.
ChemInform Abstract: NO Problem for Nitroglycerin: Organic Nitrate Chemistry and Therapy (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glycopolymer Code: Programming Synthetic Macromolecules for Biological Targeting (2020)

Abstract Targeting in a cellular level is still one of the major challenges in biomedical treatments. However, new synthetic and analytical techniques now allow the development of precisely prepared macromolecules. Thus, glycopolymer chains are reported to be prepared with controlled length, monomer sequences, as well as chain‐folded structures. A high level of complexity in synthetic macromolecules also allows increased selectivity in targeting, which is a key factor in biomedical applications.
ReversePTP (2014)

We introduce ReversePTP, a novel approach to clock synchronization in Software Defined Networks (SDN). ReversePTP is based on the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), but is conceptually reversed; in ReversePTP all nodes (switches) in the network distribute timing information to a single node, the controller, that tracks the state of all the clocks in the network. Hence, all computations and bookkeeping are performed by the controller, whereas the `dumb' switches are only required to send it their current time periodically. In accordance with the SDN paradigm, the controller is the 'brain', making ReversePTP flexible and programmable from an SDN programmer's perspective.
Porphyrin coordination polymer nanospheres and nanorods (2023)

A porphyrin coordination polymer nanostructure comprising a network of pyridyl porphyrin molecules and coordinating metal ions coordinatively bound through the pyridyl groups. In some embodiments, the porphyrins are metalloporphyrins. A variety of nanostructures are formed by the network polymer, including nanospheres, polygonal nanostructures, nanorods, and nanofibers, depending on a variety of factors including coordination metal ion, porphyrin type, metal of the metalloporphyrin, and degree of agitation during nanostructure formation. Reduction of coordinating metal ions may be used to form metal nanoparticles on the coordination polymer nanostructure.
Theoretical Bounds in Minimax Decentralized Hypothesis Testing (2016)

Minimax decentralized detection is studied under two scenarios: with and without a fusion center when the source of uncertainty is the Bayesian prior. When there is no fusion center, the constraints in the network design are determined. Both for a single decision maker and multiple decision makers, the maximum loss in detection performance due to minimax decision making is obtained. In the presence of a fusion center, the maximum loss of detection performance between with and without fusion center networks is derived assuming that both networks are minimax robust. The results are finally generalized.
Can we insist students reach proficiency on homework? Yes! (2010)

This study involved a comparison between the conditions of Mastery Mode against Non-Mastery. In the Mastery Mode, selected problems were mastery problems. A student, who got an incorrect answer, went into the Mastery Mode in which he/she had to get three consecutive problems correct testing the same skill. Although this process took long, it forced the student to master the subject matter. In the Non-Mastery Mode, the students were given two chances for each problem while no tutoring was provided. It was observed through the results that there was a significant difference between the Mastery Mode and Non-Mastery with the p-value of 0.003. The effect of the study was towards the mastery mode and students learned significantly more in this condition with an effect size of 0.52. The implication of this experiment is that mastery learning is an efficient technique which can be incorporated in homework to make students put effort in learning the content at different time intervals, thus, increasing the overall learning gain.
Controlled synthesis of Gd2(WO4)3 microstructures and their tunable photoluminescent properties after Eu3+/Tb3+ doping (2012)

We present a solution-phase synthesis to selectively produce Gd2(WO4)3 microscale belts, stars and flowers under hydrothermal conditions. Different microstructures have been controllably obtained through adjusting the reaction temperature or adding surfactants. The phases and morphologies of the products have been well characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. Possible formation mechanisms of the different Gd2(WO4)3 microstructures were proposed based on the investigation of the growing process of these microstructures. After doping Eu3+ and Tb3+ inside these Gd2(WO4)3 microstructures, strong and multi-color emission has been realized. Notably, tunable emissions and a warm-white color have been achieved in the Eu3+ and Tb3+ co-doped microstructures. These uniform microstructures are expected to find a broad range of applications in future color displays and light-emitting devices.
Defective Repairs of Laminated Solid Composites (2005)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the defective patch repairs of solid laminated composites. The study uses both destructive and nondestructive tests on full-scale repaired panels to evaluate the repair performance under static tension loading conditions. While most reported studies use small coupon specimens, this paper presents test results of full-scale panels that allow strain field monitoring around the patch. The experimental results presented in this paper are the baseline for more advanced study to evaluate the performance of defective repairs in severe loading conditions (fatigue) that is underway by the authors. The nondestructive tests are performed by Iowa State University while the destructive tests are performed by North Carolina A&amp;T State University. The testing program consists of 14 panels of six-ply (300 mm 675 mm) ((60/60/0) s ) quasi-isotropic laminates: three pristine (undamaged parent material panels), three damaged panels without repair, three good repairs, three defective repairs due to inserted engineered flaw, and two repairs with mismatched fiber orientation. Two types of defective repairs are investigated: inserting 1-in. circular disbond between the sixth ply and the parent material forms the first type while the second type is formed by fiber mismatching between the patch and the parent material. Based on the evaluation performed in this study, the restored tensile strength of both defective and good repairs is within 80% of the strength of the pristine panels.
Mild Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Olefins with Tosyl Cyanide (2007)

Sanftmütig und wohlerzogen: Eine konzeptionell neue Hydrocyanierung für nichtaktivierte Olefine liefert unter milden Bedingungen sekundäre und tertiäre Nitrile in guten Ausbeuten. Herausragende Merkmale dieses Prozesses sind Toleranz für eine Vielfalt an funktionellen Gruppen, leicht zugängliche Ausgangsmaterialien und einfache Durchführbarkeit.
Comparison of Maintenance Energy Expenditures and Growth Yields Among Several Rumen Bacteria Grown on Continuous Culture (1979)

Maintenance energy expenditures were mesured for five rumen bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bacteroides ruminicola, Megasphaera elsdenii, and Streptococcus bovis, by using a complex medium with glucose as the carbon source. Large differences (as high as 8.5-fold) in maintenance energy expenditures were seen among these bacteria. The suggestion is made that maintenance requirements could be a significant determinant of bacterial competition in the rumen. Theoretical maximum growth yields, calculated from double reciprocal plots of yield versus dilution rate, were compared to theoretical Y(ATP) values in order to estimate minimum molar adenosine 5'-triphosphate yields from glucose for each bacterium. Results showed that relative yield among the bacteria was growth rate dependent. At high dilution rates, both S. ruminantium and S. bovis produced lactate as their principal fermentation product. At lower dilution rates very little lactate was formed and growth yields increased. Acetate and ethanol were the predominant fermentation products of S. bovis at low dilution rates. Other workers have shown that S. ruminantium produces acetate and propionate at low growth rates.
Alternate transport (1990)

The understanding of tokamak transport depends on the exploration of a wide range of theoretical models and of a variety of toroidal experiments. This report considers the contributions that nontokamak, but toroidal, experiments can make to our understanding of tokamak transport as well as theoretical alternatives to the standard drift wave model of tokamak transport.
Content first (2015)

Although AR has a long history in the area of maintenance and service-support in industry, there still is a lack of lightweight, yet practical solutions for handheld AR systems in everyday workflows. Attempts to support complex maintenance tasks with AR still miss reliable tracking techniques, simple ways to be integrated into existing maintenance environments, and practical authoring solutions, which minimize costs for specialized content generation.
The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: X. Transcriptomic Responses of Epididymal Adipose Tissue (2017)

Calorie restriction (CR) leads to a remarkable decrease in adipose tissue mass and increases longevity in many taxa. Since the discovery of leptin, the secretory abilities of adipose tissue have gained prominence in the responses to CR. We quantified transcripts of epididymal white adipose tissue of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to graded levels of CR (0-40% CR) for 3 months. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in NF-κB, HIF1-α, and p53 signaling increased with increasing levels of CR. These pathways were all significantly downregulated at 40% CR relative to 12 h ad libitum feeding. In addition, graded CR had a substantial impact on DEGs associated with pathways involved in angiogenesis. Of the 497 genes differentially expressed with graded CR, 155 of these genes included a signal peptide motif. These putative signaling proteins were involved in the response to ketones, TGF-β signaling, negative regulation of insulin secretion, and inflammation. This accords with the previously established effects of graded CR on glucose homeostasis in the same mice. Overall these data suggest reduced levels of adipose tissue under CR may contribute to the protective impact of CR in multiple ways linked to changes in a large population of secreted proteins.
Effects of rim thickness on spur gear bending stress (1991)

Thin rim gears find application in high-power, light-weight aircraft transmissions. Bending stresses in thin rim spur gear tooth fillets and root areas differ from the stresses in solid gears due to rim deformations. Rim thickness is a significant design parameter for these gears. To study this parameter, a finite element analysis was conducted on a segment of a thin rim gear. The rim thickness was varied and the location and magnitude of the maximum bending stresses reported. Design limits are discussed and compared with the results of other researchers.
Effective Removal of Asphaltene Deposition in Metal-Capillary Tubes (2016)

Summary We describe asphaltene deposition and removal processes in metal capillaries. We induce asphaltene precipitation by adding an asphaltene precipitant, heptane, to a petroleum fluid. The mixture is then injected through a laboratory-scale capillary and allowed to deposit. We assess the reversal of the deposition by means of the use of two separate chemical treatments: (1) a strong organic acid surfactant and (2) an aromatic solvent. The strong organic acid surfactant, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), was shown to completely dissolve asphaltenes by means of acid-base chemistry reactions at heteroatomic sites on the asphaltene molecules. We investigate the use of DBSA as an efficient removal agent, injecting it in a mixture of petroleum fluid after the deposit was already formed. An aromatic solvent, toluene, is also investigated in such a fashion to assess its ability in removing deposited asphaltenes. We find that DBSA can effectively remove asphaltene deposits within one pore-volume (PV) of injection and at concentrations roughly ten times less than that required by an aromatic solvent such as toluene. To the best of our knowledge, our current study is the first laboratory-scale investigation with surfactant chemicals to reverse asphaltene deposition in capillaries.
Abnormalities in organ blood flow and its distribution during positive end-expiratory pressure. (1979)

Current evidence is inconclusive regarding the possibility that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) redistributes flow and may be directly responsible for systemic organ dysfunction. This study tests the hypothesis that PEEP may induce abnormalities in the distribution of cardiac output (CO). Eight anesthetized dogs were studied during (1) 0 cm H2O PEEP (Z1), (2) 15 cm H2O PEEP (P), (3) Z2, and (4) bleeding (B) to reduce the CO to the same level as P. At each of the four periods, a different 15 mu radiolabelled microsphere was injected into the left atrium. Another four dogs were used to varify that each type of microsphere had the same flow distribution. CO fell from 3.1 liters/min to 1.9 during P (P smaller than 0.01) and to 2.0 during B (P smaller than 0.01). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) declined from 102 to 83 mm Hg (P smaller than 0.01) and 86 mm Hg (P smaller than 0.01(, respectively. Left atrial pressure (LAP) rose from 5.0 to 7.9 mm Hg during P (P smaller than 0.01) and fell during B to 2.7 mm Hg. c0 and its distribution were the same during Z1 and Z2. P caused selective reductions in hepatic (52%), adrenal (25%), and bronchial (24%) blood flows (P smaller than 0.01). In contrast, total flow to these organs during B was the same as during Z. Total renal flow was unchanged by P or B, but the cortical:medullary flow ratio increased during P from 24 to 49 (P smaller than 0.01) and was unchanged by B. P induced a decrease in fundal nucosal flow as compared with Z (P smaller than 0.01). Total coronary flow fell from 100 to 64 ml/min during both P and B (P smaller than 0.01). P led to a selective fall in subendocardial flow (67 ml/min X 100 gm) as compared with B (82.5 ML/MIN X 100 gm, P smaller than 0.01) as well as in the subendocardial:subepicardial flow ratio (1.069 vs. 1.112 ml/min X 100 gm, P smaller than 0.05). It is likely that the higher left ventricular filling pressure (LAP) during P as compared with during B compressed the endocardium and induced relative ischemia. Similarly the high airway pressure during P may have impeded bronchial mucosal flow. The causes and consequences of the other P-induced variations in flow are speculative.
Heating network quasi-dynamic model of multi-energy flow system based on forward method (2017)

Large-scale application of multi-energy flow system (MEFS) brings flexibility and economic benefits. To manage it effectively, analyzing the dynamic power flow and predicting the response is an important work when the mass flow rate and temperature are variable. The steady-state network model does not fully consider the dynamic process of heat transfer. To solve the problem, a quasi-dynamic network model based on forward method is proposed for the heating system in the MEFS. According to the simulation results, the quasi-dynamic model can track dynamic thermal process and transport delay.