gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood vessel-hormone interactions: angiotensin, bradykinin, and prostaglandins (1977)

Isolated Krebs-perfused rabbit-mesentery blood vessels release a prostaglandin E-like substance (PGE) when treated with angiotensin II, angiotensin I, arachidonic acid, or bradykinin. The specific competitive antagonist [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II, was found to inhibit angiotensin II-induced PGE release. The angiotensin antagonist did not block PGE release by bradykinin, whereas indomethacin blocked PGE release induced by all agonists. SQ-20881, the converting-enzyme and bradykininase inhibitor, decreased the PGE release by angiotensin I, enhanced the release by bradykinin, and did not affect release by angiotensin II. Pressor and depressor responses were obtained in mesenteric preparations constricted by epinephrine to a pressure of 60 mmHg. Angiotensin II induced an initial increase in mesenteric vascular resistance followed by a depressor response below basal pressure. The pressor responses were enhanced by indomethacin and the depressor responses were eliminated. Bolus injections of both bradykinin and arachidonic acid produced decreases in perfusion pressure, but indomethacin completely inhibited only the arachidonic acid-induced responses while only diminishing bradykinin-induced responses. The ability of angiotensin to increase mesenteric vascular resistance and to release PGE which decrease vascular resistance is discussed.
GPS/BDS/INS tightly coupled integration accuracy improvement using an improved adaptive interacting multiple model with classified measurement update (2017)

An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is commonly used to fuse raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and Inertial Navigation System (INS) derived measurements. However, the Conventional EKF (CEKF) suffers the problem for which the uncertainty of the statistical properties to dynamic and measurement models will degrade the performance. In this research, an Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model (AIMM) filter is developed to enhance performance. The soft-switching property of Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm allows the adaptation between two levels of process noise, namely lower and upper bounds of the process noise. In particular, the Sage adaptive filtering is applied to adapt the measurement covariance on line. In addition, a classified measurement update strategy is utilized, which updates the pseudorange and Doppler observations sequentially. A field experiment was conducted to validate the proposed algorithm, the pseudorange and Doppler observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) were post-processed in differential mode. The results indicate that decimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable with AIMM for GPS/INS and GPS/BDS/INS configurations, and the position accuracy is improved by 35.8%, 34.3% and 33.9% for north, east and height components, respectively, compared to the CEKF counterpart for GPS/BDS/INS. Degraded performance for BDS/INS is obtained due to the lower precision of BDS pseudorange observations.
A signal-processing framework for inverse rendering (2001)

Realism in computer-generated images requires accurate input models for lighting, textures and BRDFs. One of the best ways of obtaining high-quality data is through measurements of scene attributes from real photographs by inverse rendering. However, inverse rendering methods have been largely limited to settings with highly controlled lighting. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a coherent mathematical framework for inverse rendering under general illumination conditions. Our main contribution is the introduction of a signal-processing framework which describes the reflected light field as a convolution of the lighting and BRDF, and expresses it mathematically as a product of spherical harmonic coefficients of the BRDF and the lighting. Inverse rendering can then be viewed as deconvolution. We apply this theory to a variety of problems in inverse rendering, explaining a number of previous empirical results. We will show why certain problems are ill-posed or numerically ill-conditioned, and why other problems are more amenable to solution. The theory developed here also leads to new practical representations and algorithms. For instance, we present a method to factor the lighting and BRDF from a small number of views, i.e. to estimate both simultaneously when neither is known.
Synthesis of triscyclopentadienyl(triphenylgermyl)uranium and facile isonitrile insertion into the uranium–germanium bond (1987)

The uranium–germanium bonded complex (cp)3UGePh3(1)(cp =η5-C5H5) has been prepared from (cp)3UCl and KGePh3 and fully characterized; it reacts readily with 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide [(Xyl)NC] to give the carbamoyl insertion product (cp)3U[C(GePh3)N(Xyl)](2), the dynamic 1H n.m.r. behaviour of which is described.
Simulated Photovoltaic Array Systems Under a Changing Environment for Temporal Performance (2012)

Abstract Temporal performance of a generic stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) array system was simulated numerically through a dynamical modeling approach under the influence of some time-varying external variables: irradiation, temperature, and power demand. The underlying approach of solving general nonlinear equations by a robust Newton method was fundamental and powerful. Temporally and spatially nonuniform irradiation and temperature were considered as inputs to computer model during simulation. The PV power output was regulated by a DC–DC converter with or without maximum power point tracking control. A case study was performed where the PV array was dynamically and nonuniformly shaded by a passing cloud. It shows that temporal performance of the simulated system is generated in the presence of those external time-varying variables. Hence, the proposed approach is a useful tool for the analysis, design, and evaluation of PV array systems in a dynamically changing environment. Such a dynamical simulation is first of its kind to the best of our knowledge. Keywords: Computer modelingTemporal performancePV array systemPartial shadingDynamicsNonlinear
Large Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Bandwidth of Composites Containing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoribbons (2015)

Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanoribbons with the average size of ~17.2 nm × 64.3 × 939.1 nm have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The crystal structures have been investigated by means of the X-ray diffraction pattern refinement. The frequency dependence of permittivity and permeability for a composite containing the nanoribbons has been studied within 0.5-10 GHz. Interestingly, four resonance peaks of permeability spectra have been observed within the whole measurement frequency range. To investigate the physical origins of multiresonances, the modified exchange resonance model is used. The calculated nature resonance frequency and exchange resonance frequencies are in accordance with the experimental resonance peaks. However, four low-order resonance modes have not been found. The absence of these modes can be attributed to the dispersion of nanoribbons sizes. In addition, the imaginary part of permittivity is too small compared with the real part, indicating the insignificant contribution of dielectric loss to the electromagnetic wave absorption. What is more, large magnetic losses caused by the multiresonance phenomenon are beneficial to broadband absorption within the operating frequencies. For instance, the maximum bandwidth is larger than 4 GHz with the reflection loss less than -10 dB.
Efficacy of oral administration of live herpes simplex virus type 1 as a vaccine (1992)

Mice given herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (Miyama +GC strain) intragastrically via a stainless-steel cannula were rendered immune to subsequent lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with HSV-1. The orally administered HSV-1 was completely inactivated in the stomach within a few minutes of inoculation. However, systemic immunity was established 14 days after oral inoculation with the virus and retained for up to 6 months. The mechanisms of establishing systemic immunity were investigated by means of adoptive transfer comparisons. When splenic cells from HSV-1-immunized mice were transplanted into nonimmunized mice, all of the recipient mice survived after a lethal i.p. challenge with the virus. Immunity was not established in antithymocyte serum-treated mice or by transfer of serum from immunized to nonimmunized mice. In addition, all HSV-1-immunized mice died after lethal challenge with HSV-2 and influenza virus A. These findings suggest that the immunity was virus specific, with T lymphocytes playing a major role in its establishment. The present study therefore supports the possibility of oral immunization with live HSV-1 as a vaccine.
Near‐Edge X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigating Nanomaterials (2005)

We have demonstrated near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy as a particularly useful and effective technique for simultaneously probing the surface chemistry, surface molecular orientation, degree of order, and electronic structure of carbon nanotubes and related nanomaterials. Specifically, we employ NEXAFS in the study of single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube powders, films, and arrays, as well as of boron nitride nanotubes. We have focused on the advantages of NEXAFS as an exciting, complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for providing chemical and structural information about nanoscale samples.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a multifunctional chemical sensor for host defense and homeostatic maintenance (2016)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a pivotal chemical sensor that transduces extrinsic and intrinsic signals into cellular responses. AHR was originally thought to be involved in not only drug metabolism but also carcinogenic and toxicological responses against environmental contaminants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, recent studies demonstrate that the AHR plays multiple intrinsic roles in host defense and homeostasis as well, including immunity, stem cell maintenance, and cell differentiation, upon binding with an increasing number of newly defined dietary, cellular, and microbe-derived ligands. In addition, AHR is a convergence point for several signaling cascades, which may be involved in the diverse diseases caused by binding of the persistent ligand TCDD with extremely high affinity to AHR. A comprehensive understanding of physiological and pathological processes initiated by endogenous AHR agonists and antagonists may allow for the therapeutic regulation of AHR activity. Thus, the AHR can be a valuable diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for human diseases.
An artificial neural networks approach to map land use/cover using Landsat imagery and ancillary data (2004)

Presents a procedure for mapping land use/cover combining the spectral information from a recent image and data about spatial distribution of land use/cover types obtained from outdated cartography and ancillary data. Two fuzzy maps, which indicate the membership of each land use/cover class, were generated from the ancillary and spectral data, respectively, using an artificial neural networks approach. The combination of both maps was obtained using fuzzy rules. In comparison with spectral classification, this procedure allowed improving the accuracy of land use/cover classification from 67% to 79%.
The Rearrangement of 4-Crotyloxy-3,5-dichlorobenzoic Acid (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rearrangement of 4-Crotyloxy-3,5-dichlorobenzoic AcidD. S. Tarbell and J. W. WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 5, 1066–1070Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01257a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01257a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Annexin II promotes invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro via its interaction with HAb18G/CD147 (2009)

HAb18G/CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin family enriched on the surface of tumor cells, is reported to be correlated with invasion, metastasis, growth, and survival of malignant cells. Here, we found that annexin II, a 36-kDa Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-binding protein and in vivo substrate for tyrosine kinase and PKC, is a new interaction protein of HAb18G/CD147 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, we explored the unclear role of annxin II in HCC invasion and migration and the interaction effects between HAb18G/CD147 and annexin II. Our data show that downregulation of annexin II in HCC cells significantly decreased the secretion of MMP, migration ability, and invasive potential, and affected the cytoskeleton rearrangement of tumor cells. The MMP-2 level and invasive potential of HCC cells were regulated by both annexin II and HAb18G/CD147. Also, interaction effects exist between the two molecules in tumor progression, including MMP-2 production, migration, and invasion. These results suggest that annexin II promotes the invasion and migration of HCC cells in vitro, and annexin II and HAb18G/CD147 interact with each other in the same signal transduction pathway working as a functional complex in tumor progression.
Integrated circuits processing chemical information: Prospects and challenges (2014)

The unbelievable properties of our information processing capabilities regarding the processing of big data, resilience, and energy efficiency are inspiration sources for the optimization and the rethinking of the principles of electronic information processing. Here, we present an approach of integrated circuits intended to solve chemical problems by active processing of chemical information.
Recovery of Specific Activity upon Reoxidation of Completely Reduced Polyalanyl Rabbit Antibody (1966)

Abstract Immunospecifically purified rabbit antibodies to bovine serum albumin, enriched with more than 800 dl-alanine residues per molecule, were completely soluble in neutral aqueous buffers after total reduction (46 sulfhydryl groups per molecule) and exposure to 8 m guanidine hydrochloride. Hardly any antibody or antigenic properties could be detected in completely reduced polyalanyl antibody preparations which had been reoxidized either in the presence of 8 m urea or in 0.1 n acetic acid. Under optimum conditions of reoxidation, at least 25% of the initial antigen-combining capacity of the antibody preparations and at least 50% of their initial capacity to inhibit a homologous precipitin reaction could be recovered. These tests were used since the polyalanyl antibody preparations are unable to form macroscopic precipitates, even though they still form soluble complexes with the antigen and are capable of inhibiting the reaction of bovine serum albumin with antibodies to bovine serum albumin. The reoxidized antibody preparations exhibited a recovery of at least 68% of the antigenic determinants present in the untreated antibody molecules. The results of this investigation suggest that differences in specificity exhibited in antibody molecules are due to differences in the primary amino acid sequence of the constitutive polypeptide chains.
Evolutionary partitioning regression with function stacks (2016)

Partitioning regression is the simultaneous fitting of multiple models to a set of data and partitioning of that data into easily modelled classes. The key to partitioning regression with evolution is minimum error assignment during fitness evaluation. Assigning a point to the model for which it has the least error while using evolution to minimize total model error encourages the evolution of models that cleanly partition data. This study demonstrates the efficacy of partitioning regression using two or three models on simple bivariate data sets. Two novel multi-model representations, a simple evolutionary parameters setting algorithm and one based on using directed acyclic graphs representations for genetic programming are used. Possible generalizations to the general case of clustering are outlined.
Bio-Inspired Primary Amine α-C–H Functionalization (2018)

The selective manipulation of complex amine architectures has received great attention in recent years with widespread applications including inter alia drug discovery. Inspired by an enzymatic copper amine oxidase process, a synthetic quinone co-factor mediated general platform for the construction of α-fully substituted primary amines from abundant α-branched primary amine starting materials is described. This procedure pivots on the efficient generation of reactive ketimine intermediates in situ which are primed to react with carbon-centered nucleophiles such as organomagnesium and organolithium reagents, and TMSCN. Extension to reverse polarity photoredox catalysis enables reactivity with electrophiles. Subsequent oxidative hydrolysis releases the unprotected α-fully substituted primary amine product. This efficient, broadly applicable and scaleable amine-to-amine synthetic platform was successfully applied to library and API synthesis and in the late stage functionalization of drug molecules.
In vivo imaging of Lgr5-positive cell populations using confocal laser endomicroscopy during early colon tumorigenesis (2014)

Polyps developed at Lgr5( +) regions. Luminal Lgr5 expression was correlated with the growth rate of early-stage adenomas. Lgr5 is a promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis of colon tumors.
A robust content-based watermarking scheme (2009)

Content-based watermarking techniques have been widely developed to resist geometrical attacks. In the content-based watermarking scheme, invariant regions detected by an affine-invariant detector are exploited for watermark embedding. However, many image manipulations, including watermark embedding, will bring noise to the host image. It results in creating new interest points, removing existing points and changing the shape of invariant regions. Consequently, invariant region detection obtains different results between the embedder and the detector of a watermarking scheme. Thus, the watermark fails to be detected because of the loss of synchronization. In this paper, we present a novel content-based watermarking scheme providing robustness to such manipulations. First, the scale and affine invariant regions are extracted on the de-noised image. A new measure is proposed to select non-overlapping invariant regions out of the available invariant regions for watermark embedding. The watermark is embedded surrounding the selected invariant region. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust to various image processing, including geometric attacks, JPEG compression and filtering.
Exosite Binding Tethers the Macromolecular Substrate to the Prothrombinase Complex and Directs Cleavage at Two Spatially Distinct Sites (2000)

The prothrombinase complex, composed of the proteinase, factor Xa, bound to factor Va on membranes, catalyzes thrombin formation by the specific and ordered proteolysis of prothrombin at Arg(323)-Ile(324), followed by cleavage at Arg(274)-Thr(275). We have used a fluorescent derivative of meizothrombin des fragment 1 (mIIaDeltaF1) as a substrate analog to assess the mechanism of substrate recognition in the second half-reaction of bovine prothrombin activation. Cleavage of mIIaDeltaF1 exhibits pseudo-first order kinetics regardless of the substrate concentration relative to K(m). This phenomenon arises from competitive product inhibition by thrombin, which binds to prothrombinase with exactly the same affinity as mIIaDeltaF1. As thrombin is known to bind to an exosite on prothrombinase, initial interactions at an exosite likely play a role in the enzyme-substrate interaction. Occupation of the active site of prothrombinase by a reversible inhibitor does not exclude the binding of mIIaDeltaF1 to the enzyme. Specific recognition of mIIaDeltaF1 is achieved through an initial bimolecular reaction with an enzymic exosite, followed by an active site docking step in an intramolecular reaction prior to bond cleavage. By alternate substrate studies, we have resolved the contributions of the individual binding steps to substrate affinity and catalysis. This pathway for substrate binding is identical to that previously determined with a substrate analog for the first half-reaction of prothrombin activation. We show that differences in the observed kinetic constants for the two cleavage reactions arise entirely from differences in the inferred equilibrium constant for the intramolecular binding step that permits elements surrounding the scissile bond to dock at the active site of prothrombinase. Therefore, substrate specificity is achieved by binding interactions with an enzymic exosite that tethers the protein substrate to prothrombinase and directs cleavage at two spatially distinct scissile bonds.
Evidence for an X-linked modifier gene affecting the expression of Tourette syndrome and its relevance to the increased frequency of speech, cognitive, and behavioral disorders in males. (1986)

A number of disorders affecting speech, learning, and behavior have a 3:1 or greater male:female ratio. This has usually been explained on the basis of a developmental model postulating a difference in the young male versus female brain. Tourette syndrome is a hereditary neurobehavioral disorder due to a single major autosomal gene. It is associated with learning disorders and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and shows a similar predilection for males. Because of the more obvious nature of the tics and vocal noises, it is uniquely suited for examining an alternative hypothesis of an X-linked modifying gene to account for the increased incidence in males. Two alternative models tested were an autosomal modifying gene and the developmental model. Family pedigrees on a series of 430 consecutive cases of Tourette syndrome with 966 age-corrected offspring were used to compare the observed affected and unaffected sons and daughters for nine different phenotype matings with the expected ratios for three different models. The X-linked modifier model provided a better fit to the observed data and accounted for marked differences in the percentage of affected sons and daughters when the father versus the mother transmitted the Tourette syndrome gene. A similar model may account for the male predominance in other genetically influenced disorders of speech, learning, and behavior.
Does the Pretherapeutic Tumor SUV in 68Ga DOTATOC PET Predict the Absorbed Dose of 177Lu Octreotate? (2012)

Somatostatin receptor PET imaging may predict tumor-absorbed doses. The ability to indicate insufficient target irradiation by a low SUV could aid in selection of appropriate candidates for PRRT. However, larger series are needed to confirm and validate these initial findings.