gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Is Suppressed in WT1-Transfected LNCaP Cells (2006)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene product (WT1) regulates expression of growth control genes. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles of hormone-treated LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines transfected with either wild-type WT1 or a zinc finger mutant form, DDS (R394W), revealed significantly altered patterns of expression. Validation studies using quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the differential expression of the tumor progression gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). WT1-LNCaP cells had significantly reduced levels of VEGF mRNA when compared to vector control cells; in contrast, DDS-LNCaP cells showed elevated levels of VEGF transcripts. To address a functional role for WT1 overexpression, we investigated whether induction of VEGF expression, by the synthetic androgen R1881, would be disrupted in wild-type or mutant WT1-transfected LNCaP cells. Hormone treatment failed to elevate VEGF transcript levels above uninduced baseline levels in WT1-LNCaP cells, despite 48 h of treatment with 5 nM R1881. Consistent with our quantitative real-time PCR analysis, immunofluorescent staining of VEGF protein was reduced in WT1-LNCaP cells in both the presence and absence of R1881 treatment. Conversely, VEGF levels increased in vector control and DDS-LNCaP cells treated with 5 nM R1881. Not only do these studies point out the regulatory potential of WT1 for VEGF, but they also indicate an altered function for the mutant DDS isoform. Because VEGF is associated with neovascularization and promotion of metastasis in a variety of solid tumors including prostate cancer, a better understanding of the regulation of VEGF expression by transcription factors, such as WT1, is important for halting disease progression.
Video Based Action Recognition Using Spatial and Temporal Feature (2018)

The recognition of actions from video sequences has many applications such as monitoring, assisted living, surveillance, and smart homes. Despite advances in deep learning method, the methodologies to process the video data are still subject to research for that temporal information extraction is still a challenge. In this work, we propose a double stream human action recognition architecture combining both spatial feature stream and temporal feature stream, which provides spatial and temporal feature for the video based action recognition. For the spatial stream, the individual video frames are extracted as the input, while optical flow images were extracted and sent to the deep learning network as input for temporal feature learning. In the experiment, we experimented our proposal on the KTH database and achieved superior results compared the traditional methods. To further improve the recognition accuracy, we experimented fine-tuning mechanism to optimize deep learning network parameters. Furthermore, we introduced the linear SVM to replace softmax classifier to classify the comprehensive feature.
Nickel-Catalyzed One-Pot Tandem 1,4-1,2-Addition of P(O)H Compounds to 1,10-Phenanthrolines (2014)

A novel and efficient nickel-catalyzed tandem 1,4-1,2-addition of P(O)H compounds to 1,10-phenanthrolines forming various 2,4-diphosphono-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthrolines has been developed. This reaction breaks up the aromatic stabilization and directly introduces two phosphorus moieties in one single step. This finding is the first example of transition-metal-catalyzed double hydrophosphonylation of 1,10-phenanthrolines.
Progression of the myeloid differentiation program is dominant to transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced apoptosis in M1 myeloid leukemic cells (1994)

Hematopoiesis is a profound example of cell homeostasis that is regulated throughout life. This process requires the participation of many factors, including positive and negative regulators of growth and differentiation, that determine survival, growth stimulation, differentiation, functional activation, and programmed cell death. Understanding the effects of multiple stimuli on specific cells at the molecular and cellular level is crucial towards understanding how the population of blood cells maintains a homeostatic state. Two appropriate stimuli for analysis, both of which are found in bone marrow, are differentiation-inducing cytokines, which induce terminal differentiation associated with growth arrest, ultimately culminating in programmed cell death, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which induces rapid growth arrest and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. Previously, we have shown, using M1 myeloblastic leukemic cells as a model system, that differentiation-inducing cytokines induce terminal differentiation associated with growth arrest and, only after 5 to 7 days, apoptosis, whereas TGF-beta 1 induces rapid growth arrest and apoptosis. In this report, we show that M1 myeloid leukemic cells treated concomitantly with the differentiation inducer interleukin-6 and TGF-beta 1 undergo terminal differentiation, in which modulators of the MyD118 gene product, previously shown to be a positive regulator of TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis, are implicated to play a role in protecting the cells from TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, using M1 cell variants blocked at different stages after induction of differentiation, including M1myb and M1myc, as well as conditionally blocked M1mycer, it has been shown that the dominance of interleukin-6 to TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis is dependent on the progression of the differentiation program. Further studies with M1 and the genetically engineered M1 cell variants will be instrumental towards molecularly dissecting the interaction of hematopoietic differentiation with a variety of apoptotic pathways.
Somatic PIK3CA mutations as a driver of sporadic venous malformations (2016)

Venous malformations (VM) are vascular malformations characterized by enlarged and distorted blood vessel channels. VM grow over time and cause substantial morbidity because of disfigurement, bleeding, and pain, representing a clinical challenge in the absence of effective treatments (Nguyenet al, 2014; Uebelhoeret al, 2012). Somatic mutations may act as drivers of these lesions, as suggested by the identification of TEK mutations in a proportion of VM (Limayeet al, 2009). We report that activating PIK3CA mutations gives rise to sporadic VM in mice, which closely resemble the histology of the human disease. Furthermore, we identified mutations in PIK3CA and related genes of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT pathway in about 30% of human VM that lack TEK alterations. PIK3CA mutations promote downstream signaling and proliferation in endothelial cells and impair normal vasculogenesis in embryonic development. We successfully treated VM in mouse models using pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kα administered either systemically or topically. This study elucidates the etiology of a proportion of VM and proposes a therapeutic approach for this disease.
Kinetic Studies By Mass Spectrometry (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Kinetics of Protein Folding Kinetics by Mass Spectrometry Kinetics of Protein Assembly Kinetics of Enzyme Catalysis References
Crystal Phase Quantum Dots (2010)

In semiconducting nanowires, both zinc blende and wurtzite crystal structures can coexist. The band structure difference between the two structures can lead to charge confinement. Here we fabricate and study single quantum dot devices defined solely by crystal phase in a chemically homogeneous nanowire and observe single photon generation. More generally, our results show that this type of carrier confinement represents a novel degree of freedom in device design at the nanoscale.
High energy neutron irradiation effects in GaAs modulation-doped field effect transistors (MODFETs) (1988)

The effects of high energy neutrons on MODFETs have been studied for fluences approaching 1 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/. Neutron induced threshold voltage shifts are described by application of a finite temperature strong inversion, depletion layer, charge control model. The model indicates that the neutron induced threshold voltage shift is a consequence of electron trapping in the GaAs layer near the AlGaAs/GaAs interface. The authors analysis shows that neutron degradation in these AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures is dominated by the change in the depletion layer charge and the shift in the Fermi level with neutron fluence. These dominant mechanisms are shown to depend on GaAs material parameters, only. The AlGaAs layer carrier removal accounts for <3% of the total threshold voltage shift.
Nutritional Genomics: Fundamental Role of Diet in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control (2011)

Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are leading causes of death globally. The prevention and control of these diseases can be modified by both nutritional factors and human genomics. However nutritional genomics, or the interactions between diet and genome, are most essential in understanding the complexities of chronic disease development. The diet is fundamental in influencing the genome through epigenetic and transcriptional modifications; demonstrating that timing and nature of exposure to dietary factors is critical. Furthermore, sequence differences in the genome may provide susceptibility or resilience to the influence of dietary factors in disease risk; highlighting the need for improved disease screening and treatment. Among nutrients and non-nutritive compounds in the diet, phytochemicals show great potential as therapeutics and warrant further study. Although in its infancy, the field of nutritional genomics challenges traditional chronic disease strategies and modernizes human health research.
An Algorithm for Large Zero-One Knapsack Problems (1980)

We describe an algorithm for the 0-1 knapsack problem (KP), which relies mainly on three new ideas. The first one is to focus on what we call the core of the problem, namely, a knapsack problem equivalent to KP, defined on a particular subset of the variables. The size of this core is usually a small fraction of the full problem size, and does not seem to increase with the latter. While the core cannot be identified without solving KP, a satisfactory approximation can be found by solving the associated linear program (LKP). The second new ingredient is a binary search-type procedure for solving LKP which, unlike earlier methods, does not require any ordering of the variables. The computational effort involved in this procedure is linear in the number of variables. Finally, the third new feature is a simple heuristic which under certain conditions finds an optimal solution with a probability that increases with the size of KP. Computational experience with an algorithm based on the above ideas, on several hundred randomly generated test problems with 1,000–10,000 variables and with coefficients ranging from between 10 and 100 to between 10 and 10,000, indicates that for such problems the computational effort grows linearly with the number of variables and less than linearly with the range of coefficients. Average time per problem was less than a second, and the maximum time for any single problem was 3 seconds. Value-independent 0-1 knapsack problems (also randomly generated), were solved with a specialized version of the code in less than one-third of the time required for general 0-1 knapsack problems. To conclude, we identify a class of hard knapsack problems.
Grundlagen: Ökonomische und ökologische Rahmenbedingungen des Umwelthaftungsrechts (1992)

Zu den mittlerweile wohl unbestrittenen Grundannahmen einer marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung gehört, daß der Staat für die Tätigkeit der Unternehmen nicht nur einen rechtlichen und (wirtschafts-)politischen, sondern auch einen ökologischen Rahmen setzen muß. Die offenbare Gefährdung der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen der Menschen durch ein ungesteuertes industrielles Wachstum hat zu einem breiten Konsens für eine wirksame und vorsorgeorientierte Umweltschutzpoltik geführt. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit sind hier jedoch noch keinesfalls zur Deckung gebracht.
The scattering of sound by a moving sphere in a stratified liquid (2008)

The interaction of sound with a sphere and the Doppler shift caused by scatterers in motion are well described in the literature. A numerical study is performed on the interaction of sound with a moving sphere and with multiple moving spheres. The study shows how the reflected sound fields are influenced by the relative motion and relative position of the spheres. The aim of the research is to discover efficient acoustic methods to detect and characterize moving spheres at different levels of complexity determined by the number of spheres, their relative velocities and the velocity of the surrounding liquid. At a first stage the interaction of sound with a single sphere in a stratified fluid flow is investigated. The research is performed in the framework of the use of ultrasound for biomedical applications.
The alpha-D-mannan core of a complex cell-wall heteroglycan of Trichoderma reesei is responsible for beta-glucosidase activation. (1995)

A heteroglycan responsible for the binding of the enzyme beta-1,4-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) to fungal cell walls was isolated from cell walls of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The heteroglycan, composed of mannose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid, also activated beta-1,4-D-glucosidase, beta-1,4-D-xylosidase and N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosaminidase activity in vitro. The structural backbone of this heteroglycan was prepared by acid hydrolysis and gel filtration. The molecular structure of the core of the heteroglycan was determined by NMR studies as a linear alpha-1,6-D-mannan. The mannan core obtained by acid degradation stimulated the beta-glucosidase activity by 90%. Several glycosidases from Aspergillus niger were also activated by the T. reesei heteroglycan. The beta-glucosidase of Trichoderma was activated by mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a comparable extent.
Speciation of the Organic Sulfur Forms in a Recent Sediment and Type I and II-S Kerogens by High-Pressure Temperature-Programmed Reduction (1997)

Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) with a well-swept fixed-bed reactor operating at 15 MPa of hydrogen pressure has facilitated the speciation of the organic sulfur forms in coals and petroleum source rocks through complete hydrodesulfurization with typically 75−80% of the sulfur being released as hydrogen sulfide with the remaining 20−25% occurring as primarily thiophenic compounds in the oils obtained in high yield. In this study, the technique has been applied to kerogens isolated from a series of unconsolidated Peru margin sediments, and for comparison, to type I and II-S kerogens (Göynük oil shale and Monterey Fm, respectively) from immature organic-rich rocks. Visual resolution in the hydrogen sulfide TPR evolution profiles has been achieved between mono- and di/polysulfidic forms with the latter being reduced below 250 °C. Indeed, di/polysulfides account for high proportions of the reduced sulfur in surficial sediment samples collected from close to the top of the sediment. In contrast, monosulfides are the dominant sulfur form in the sample analyzed from deeper in the Peru margin sediment where thiophenes account for up to ca. 35% of the organic sulfur. This distribution is remarkably similar to those found for both the type I and II-S kerogens investigated, indicating that the major changes in organic sulfur forms occur during the early stages of diagenesis.
THE EFFECT OF LOCAL LASER ANNEALING ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS RIBBONS (1988)

Ferromagnetic amorphous ribbons has been locally laser annealed, with different geometrical arrays of annealed zones being the density of irradiated areas constant (100 spots of 10 µm of diameter by square centimeter). It has been studied the influence of these heat treatments in the induced anisotropy and magnetic losses.
Cell Adhesion to Fibronectin (CAM-DR) Influences Acquired Mitoxantrone Resistance in U937 Cells (2006)

Cell adhesion to fibronectin is known to confer a temporally related cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). However, it is unknown whether cell adhesion during drug selection influences the more permanent form of acquired drug resistance. To examine this question, we compared the acquisition of mitoxantrone resistance in U937 cells adhered to fibronectin versus cells selected in a traditional suspension culture. Our data show that acquired drug resistance levels of resistance to mitoxantrone are 2- to 3-fold greater for cells adhered to fibronectin compared with cells in suspension culture. We also compared mechanism(s) of resistance associated with drug selection in suspension versus fibronectin-adherent cultures. Drug resistance in both suspension and fibronectin-adhered cultures correlated with reduced drug-induced DNA damage and diminished topoisomerase II levels and activity; however, mechanisms regulating topoisomerase II levels differed depending on culture conditions. In suspension cultures, a reduction in topoisomerase IIbeta levels was detected at both RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the decreased expression of topoisomerase IIbeta mRNA levels correlated with decreased expression of NF-YA. In contrast, in spite of no changes in NF-YA or topoisomerase IIbeta RNA expression, topoisomerase IIbeta protein levels were decreased in fibronectin-adherent, drug-resistant cells. In addition, topoisomerase IIalpha protein levels (but not RNA levels) were reduced in drug resistance cells selected on fibronectin; however, no change in topoisomerase IIalpha was observed in cells selected with mitoxantrone in suspension culture. Taken together, our results suggest that the development of drug resistance models must consider interactions with the microenvironment to identify clinically relevant targets and mechanisms associated with acquired drug resistance.
Recent Developments of Atomic Layer Deposition Processes for Metallization (2013)

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an enabling technology for a wide range of applications where depositions of high quality, conformal thin films are desired. The needs of conducting materials with tailored properties call for ALD metallization processes that can meet diverse requirements in various applications. Recent developments of ALD processes for conducting materials have led to some novel ALD chemistries. Most of the ALD binary materials are formed in a typical AB sequence from two reactants. More complex ternary and doped materials can be achieved according to the same AB sequence principle through nano‐lamination of two binary materials using three or more reactants. It is demonstrated that ternary and elemental materials can be deposited using two reactants with a basic ALD AB sequence. Furthermore, an ALD process is not limited to an AB sequence, an ABC sequence with a surface‐controlled ALD reaction is also possible. A double replacement reaction mechanism is proposed with examples of novel processes such as TaC x N y , WC x , and WN x C y . Recent developments of ALD metallization processes have opened up more opportunities of producing novel ALD materials for industrial applications.
Ultrastructural localization of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 glucose transporters in rat brain (1997)

Precise localization of glucose transport proteins in the brain has proved difficult, especially at the ultrastructural level. This has limited further insights into their cellular specificity, subcellular distribution, and function. In the present study, preembedding ultrastructural immunocytochemistry was used to localize the major brain glucose transporters, GLUTs 1 and 3, in vibratome sections of rat brain. Our results support the view that, besides being present in endothelial cells of central nervous system (CNS) blood vessels, GLUT 1 is present in astrocytes. GLUT 1 was detected in astrocytic end feet around blood vessels, and in astrocytic cell bodies and processes in both gray and white matter. GLUT 3, the neuronal glucose transporter, was located primarily in pre- and postsynaptic nerve endings and in small neuronal processes. This study: (1) affirms that GLUT 3 is neuron-specific, (2) shows that GLUT 1 is not normally expressed in detectable quantities by neurons, (3) suggests that glucose is readily available for synaptic energy metabolism based on the high concentration of GLUT 3 in membranes of synaptic terminals, and (4) demonstrates significant intracellular and mitochondrial localization of glucose transport proteins.
Search for anomalous Z → γγγ events at LEP (1995)

We have searched for anomalous Z → γγγ events with the L3 detector at LEP. No significant deviations from the expected QED e+e− → γγγ events are observed. The branching ratio upper limit for a compoite Z decaying directly into three photons is found to be 1.0 × 10−5 at 95% C.L. The branching ratio upper limits for the process Z → γX, X → γγ are in the range of 0.4 to 1.3 × 10−5, depending on the mass and width of the scalar particle X. In the context of a model with magnetic monopoles coupling to the Z, we find BR(Z → γγγ) < 0.8 × 10−5 at 95% C.L.; this results in a lower mass limit of 510 GeV for a magnetic monopole.
Pregeneration, spectroscopic detection and chemical reactivity of (trifluoromethyl)copper, an elusive and complex species (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPregeneration, spectroscopic detection and chemical reactivity of (trifluoromethyl)copper, an elusive and complex speciesDenise M. Wiemers and Donald J. BurtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4, 832–834Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00264a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00264a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3834Altmetric-Citations280LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts