gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volume‐regulatory Cl‐ channel currents in cultured human epithelial cells. (1992)

1. During osmotic swelling, cultured human small intestinal epithelial cells (Intestine 407) exhibited activation of large Cl- currents under the patch-clamp whole-cell configuration. The volume-sensitive Cl- conductance was independent of intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP. 2. The anion permeability sequence of the current was SCN- > I- > Br- > Cl- > F- > gluconate-, corresponding to Eisenman's sequence I. 3. Cl- currents were instantaneously activated by command pulses in a range of -120 to +45 mV. At potentials more positive than +50 mV the current showed a time-dependent inactivation. This inactivation was accelerated by increased depolarization. The instantaneous current-voltage relationship rectified in the outward direction. 4. A stilbene-derivative Cl- channel blocker, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene (SITS), inhibited the Cl- current at micromolar concentrations. SITS facilitated inactivation at positive potentials. Outward currents were more prominently suppressed by SITS than inward currents. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of outward and inward currents were 1.5 and 6 microM, respectively. The outward and inward currents were equally inhibited by a carboxylate analogue Cl- channel blocker, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB) or diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) at higher doses (IC50 = 25 for NPPB or 350 microM for DPC). Inactivation kinetics at large depolarizations was not affected by NPPB or DPC. 5. The Cl- current was blocked by an unsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (IC50 = 8 microM). Arachidonic acid was still effective in the presence of inhibitors of lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 10 microM), cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin, 10 microM) and protein kinase C (polymyxin B, 30 microM). The Cl- current was also sensitive to another cis unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, which is not a substrate for oxygenases. A trans isomer of oleate, elaidic acid, and a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, were ineffective. 6. Single Intestine 407 cells exposed to a hypotonic solution showed a regulatory volume decrease after initial osmotic swelling. The volume regulation was abolished by SITS, NPPB, arachidonate and oleate, but not by elaidate and palmitate. 7. It is concluded that outwardly rectifying Cl- channels, which are sensitive to arachidonic acid, are activated upon osmotic swelling and involved in the subsequent cell volume regulation.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Enhances Neointima Formation After Oxidative Vascular Injury in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice (2001)

In atherosclerosis-prone mice, PAI-1 promotes neointima formation after oxidative vascular injury. The apparent hyperlipidemia-dependent effect of PAI-1 may be mediated by its capacity to inhibit the clearance of platelet-fibrin thrombi that can deliver growth factors to the blood vessel wall or be incorporated into developing vascular lesions. Alternatively, hyperlipidemia may alter the pattern of gene expression in the blood vessel wall to enhance potential effects of PAI-1 on antiproliferative processes, such as transforming growth factor-beta activation and apoptosis.
Promoting Mental Health in Early Childhood (2010)

The benefits of mental health prevention programs in education have been talked about around the world. In Australia, we have been able to achieve this with the KidsMatter Primary program. This innovative initiative will be introduced to day care centres and preschools this year.
Structure and Function of Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate Isomerase, a Critical Enzyme for Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and a Target for Antibiotic Adjuvants (2007)

The barrier imposed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria presents a significant challenge in treatment of these organisms with otherwise effective hydrophobic antibiotics. The absence of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose in the LPS molecule is associated with a dramatically increased bacterial susceptibility to hydrophobic antibiotics and thus enzymes in the ADP-heptose biosynthesis pathway are of significant interest. GmhA catalyzes the isomerization of D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate into D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate, the first committed step in the formation of ADP-heptose. Here we report structures of GmhA from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in apo, substrate, and product-bound forms, which together suggest that GmhA adopts two distinct conformations during isomerization through reorganization of quaternary structure. Biochemical characterization of GmhA mutants, combined with in vivo analysis of LPS biosynthesis and novobiocin susceptibility, identifies key catalytic residues. We postulate GmhA acts through an enediol-intermediate isomerase mechanism.
Retinoid status controls the appearance of reserve cells and keratin expression in mouse cervical epithelium. (1993)

We describe an animal model to induce the histogenesis of squamous metaplasia of the cervical columnar epithelium, a condition usually preceding cervical neoplasia. This model is based on dietary retinoid depletion in female mice. Control sibling mice fed the same diet but with all-trans-retinoic acid (at 3 micrograms/g diet) showed the normal endocervical epithelial and glandular columnar morphology, typical of a simple epithelium without subcolumnar reserve cells. The stratified squamous ectocervical epithelium of these mice fed all-trans retinoic acid showed intense immunohistochemical staining in basal and suprabasal cells with mono-specific antibodies against keratins K5, K14, K6, K13, and, suprabasally, with antibodies specific for K1 and K10. At the squamocolumnar junction, the adjacent columnar epithelium (termed "suprajunctional") did not show staining for K5, K14, K6, K13, K1, and K10 but specifically stained for keratin K8, typical of simple epithelia and absent from the adjacent ectocervical squamous stratified lining (termed "subjunctional"), in striking contrast. Sections of the squamocolumnar junction from mice kept on the vitamin A-deficient diet for 10 weeks showed suprajunctional isolated patches of reserve cells, proximal and distal to the junction. These cells were detected prior to any symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as loss of body weight or respiratory discomfort. The subcolumnar reserve cells induced by vitamin A deficiency displayed positive staining for K5 and K14. As deficiency became severe, the reserve cells occupied the entirety of the suprajunctional basement membrane. This epithelium eventually became stratified and squamous metaplastic, the squamocolumnar junction was no longer discernible, and the entire endocervical epithelium and the endometrial glands lost K8 positivity, while acquiring K5, K14, K6, K13, K1, and K10 keratins typical of the ectocervix under normal conditions of vitamin A nutriture. Vitamin A deficiency also altered keratin expression and localization in squamous subjunctional epithelium. In situ hybridization studies for K1 and K5 mRNA showed their major site of expression at the basal (K5) and immediately suprabasal (K1) cell layers. The localization of both K5 and K1 proteins in these same cell layers, and above, is consistent with transcriptional regulation of these keratins. Early vitamin A deficiency caused the appearance of single subcolumnar reserve cells expressing K5 mRNA. After these cells grew into a squamous focus, K1 mRNA became expressed suprabasally. We conclude that retinoid status plays a key role in maintaining differentiative characteristics of the cervical and glandular epithelia and, as such, may be a modulating factor in the development of cervical cancer.
Assessment of the lung microstructure in patients with asthma using hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI at two time scales: Comparison with healthy subjects and patients with COPD (2008)

With long-time scale (3)He diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in lung microstructure were detected in asthma that more conspicuous regionally than at the short time scale. The hybrid diffusion method is a novel means of identifying small airway disease.
A Control-Oriented Jet Ignition Combustion Model for an SI Engine (2015)

A turbulent jet ignition system of a spark ignited (SI) engine consists of pre-combustion and main-combustion chambers, where the combustion in the main-combustion chamber is initiated by turbulent jets of reacting products from the pre-combustion chamber. If the gas exchange and combustion processes are accurately controlled, the highly distributed ignition will enable very fast combustion and improve combustion stability under lean operations, which leads to high thermal efficiency, knock limit extension, and near zero NOx emissions. For model-based control, a precise combustion model is a necessity. This paper presents a control-oriented jet ignition combustion model, which is developed based on simplified fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and implemented into a dSPACE based real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment. The two-zone combustion model is developed to simulate the combustion process in two combustion chambers. Correspondingly, the gas flowing through the orifices between two combustion chambers is divided into burned and unburned gases during the combustion process. The pressure traces measured from a rapid compression machine (RCM), equipped with a jet igniter, are used for initial model validation. The HIL simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data.
Rotor Tooth Profile of Screw Compressor. (1996)

The rotors of a screw compressor engage peculiarly with each other in comparison with helical gears. In order to obtain a compressor with high performance, it is necessary to clarify the peculiarity of the rotor tooth profile following the peculiar engagement. In this study, the peculiarity is investigated. The results of the investigation are as follows. (1) The trailing tooth profile of the rotor is fundamentally fixed. (2) The leading tooth profile of the rotor can be determined arbitrarily. (3) The volume of the rotor tooth space is fixed almost independently of the rotor tooth profile. (4) A blow hole occurs in the trailing tooth profile which is not a roulette. It is impossible to avoid a blow hole in the practical tooth profile. (5) If gas torque promotes the progressive rotation of the female rotor, the female rotor tooth thickness must be altered thin.
Restoration of thrombolytic potential in plasminogen-deficient mice by bolus administration of plasminogen (1996)

Homozygous plasminogen-deficient (Plg-/-) mice had a significantly reduced thrombolytic capacity toward intravenously injected 125I-fibrin labeled plasma clots prepared from Plg-/- murine plasma (9% +/- 3% lysis after 8 hours; (mean +/- SEM, n = 6), as compared with 82% +/- 8% in wild-type mice; P < .0001). Bolus injection of 1 mg purified murine plasminogen in 10- to 17-week-old Plg-/- mice increased the plasminogen antigen and activity levels at 8 hours to normal levels (130 +/- 5 micrograms/mL). Plasminogen administration was associated with significant restoration of thrombolytic potential (64% +/- 7% spontaneous clot lysis; P < .0001 versus lysis without plasminogen injection). Bolus injection of 1 mg plasminogen in homozygous tissue-type plasminogen activator-deficient (t-PA-/-) mice doubled the plasminogen antigen and activity levels after 8 hours and increased 125I-fibrin clot lysis at 8 hours from 13% +/- 3% to 34% +/- 5% (P = .008). Fibrinogen, t-PA antigen and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity levels after 8 hours were not significantly different in the groups with or without plasminogen injection. Injection of plasminogen induced a variable increase (on average 7- to 10-fold) of PAI-1, but no correlation with the extent of spontaneous clot lysis was observed. Histopathologic examination at the end of the experiments revealed that fibrin deposition in the liver of Plg-/- mice was slightly reduced 8 hours after bolus plasminogen injection (P = .007) and markedly reduced after 24 hours (P < .0001). Plasminogen antigen levels in liver extracts were comparable with those found in wild-type mice at 8 hours (130 +/- 20 versus 110 +/- 15 ng/mg protein) and decreased to 25 +/- 3.2 ng/mg protein at 24 hours. Thus, restoration of normal plasminogen levels in Plg-/- mice normalized the thrombolytic potential toward experimentally induced pulmonary emboli, and resulted in removal of endogenous fibrin deposits within 24 hours.
Combining Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Difference-in-Differences in an Analysis of At-Risk Youth (2022)

We analyze the impact of the Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction Youth Development (GRYD) prevention programming using quasi-experimental data. We model the evolution of questionnaire scores and apply Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to describe the asymptotic behavior of the dynamical system. The analysis indicates that risk decreased for youth who enrolled in GRYD prevention services, while it increased or remained the same for those who were in the control group. We augment these observations using a difference-in-differences (DID) model, showing that the decrease in risk can be attributed to enrolment in prevention services. We draw a connection between DMD and DID using both mathematical analysis and empirical evidence from the questionnaire data. Combining DMD and DID with factor analysis, we investigate the effectiveness of prevention services with respect to different attitudinal domains. We conclude that gang prevention is most effective in impacting attitudes towards negative peer obedience and least effective in impacting attitudes towards violence for self defense. Our analytical approach can be extended to other types of repeated questionnaires.
International Alliance of Urolithiasis guideline on retrograde intrarenal surgery (2022)

The series of recommendations regarding RIRS, along with the related commentary and supporting documentation, offered here should help provide safe and effective performance of RIRS.
Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 3 protein: recombinant NS3 protein of the Thai isolates as an antigen in a diagnostic assay. (2002)

Nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the antigens commonly used in diagnostic assays for antibody to hepatitis C virus. However, immune response to the NS3 protein from one genotype may not cross-react with that from other genotypes. In the development of an anti-HCV assay, the NS3 genes from genotypes 1 and 3 commonly found in Thailand were amplified and cloned into a bacterial expression system. These recombinant NS3 proteins were immunogenic and reacted with plasma samples of Thai patients infected with various HCV genotypes. Interestingly, the NS3 proteins from the Thai genotypes could react with 3 plasma samples from HCV infected Thai blood donors, which could not bind to the NS3.1 protein in the commercial HCV immunoblot kit using antigen from HCV genotype 1. This finding supports our prior observation that the appropriate HCV antigens used in a diagnostic assay should be derived from the virus genotypes commonly found in that geographical region.
Eggshell powder, a comparable or better source of calcium than purified calcium carbonate: piglet studies (1999)

Powdered chicken eggshells might be an interesting and widely available source of calcium. In two studies using piglets we determined the digestibility of calcium from different diets. The first study compared casein-based diets with CaCO3 (CasCC) or eggshell powder (CasES). The second study compared soya protein isolate-based diets with CaCO3 (SoyCC) or eggshell powder (SoyES). Diets were fed to groups of six piglets. Faeces were collected quantitatively. No adverse effects of eggshell powder were observed with regard to magnesium and crude fat digestibility. Calcium from eggshell powder was more digestible than calcium from purified CaCO3. In the first study, digestibility coefficients for calcium were 66.9 (SD 7.9)% for CasCC and 71.3 (SD 3.8)% for CasES. In the second study, these coefficients were 46.7 (SD 8.6)% for SoyCC, and 65.9 (SD 3.7)% for SoyES, a significant difference. Our conclusion is that eggshell powder is, in the case of casein-based diets, as good a source of calcium as CaCO3 and, in the case of soya protein-based diets, better than CaCO3 for growing piglets. As the piglet model is considered to be representative for humans, chicken eggshell powder is also a promising source of calcium for human nutrition. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
The S100B protein in biological fluids: more than a lifelong biomarker of brain distress (2011)

S100B is a calcium-binding protein concentrated in glial cells, although it has also been detected in definite extra-neural cell types. Its biological role is still debated. When secreted, S100B is believed to have paracrine/autocrine trophic effects at physiological concentrations, but toxic effects at higher concentrations. Elevated S100B levels in biological fluids (CSF, blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are thus regarded as a biomarker of pathological conditions, including perinatal brain distress, acute brain injury, brain tumors, neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders. In the majority of these conditions, high S100B levels offer an indicator of cell damage when standard diagnostic procedures are still silent. The key question remains as to whether S100B is merely leaked from injured cells or is released in concomitance with both physiological and pathological conditions, participating at high concentrations in the events leading to cell injury. In this respect, S100B levels in biological fluids have been shown to increase in physiological conditions characterized by stressful physical and mental activity, suggesting that it may be physiologically regulated and raised during conditions of stress, with a putatively active role. This possibility makes this protein a candidate not only for a biomarker but also for a potential therapeutic target.
Minimax Robust A Priori Information Aware Channel Equalization (2010)

An a priori information aware channel equalizer accepts some prior information about the unknown transmit symbols, in addition to the knowledge of channel coefficients and noise covariance, and therefore offers a superior performance as compared to an equalizer that lacks this additional information. Such an equalizer is employed, for instance, in turbo equalization systems, where it is placed in conjunction with a channel decoder that provides the necessary a priori information. In this paper, we consider the design of such an a priori information aware equalizer, under an imperfect knowledge of channel parameters. Precisely speaking, we pursue a minimax optimization procedure to robustify the design of the equalizer in presence of an uncertainty about the channel coefficients as well as the interference plus noise covariance. To this end, we employ a Kullback-Leibler divergence based, and a norm based uncertainty class, obtain closed form expressions for the worst-case uncertainties, and finally arrive at the optimal mean-square error (MSE) equalizers that offer the best worst-case performance under uncertainty. Finally, we show that the proposed minimax robust equalizer achieves significant performance gains in comparison to the conventional (nonrobust) equalizer, both as a standalone entity and also as part of an iterative detection system.
Advances in isolation and enrichment of circulating tumor cells in microfluidic chips (2014)

The research of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has drawn increasing attention in recent years, because its potential value in the early diagnosis of cancers, management of clinical treatment, development of personalized medicine, and exploring the mechanism of metastasis. However, the difficulty in using CTCs lies in their extremely low concentrations. Recently, microfluidic devices have shown the potential to efficiently isolate and detect rare CTCs in cancer patients. A variety of on-chip blood analysis has been demonstrated by several groups. The advantages of microfluidics include low cost, short reaction times, high throughput, and ease of use. Recently, a variety of microfluidic devices have been developed to CTCs isolation and enrichment which can realize high capture efficiency, high purity and high throughput. In this article, we review some of the recent works in microfluidic CTCs isolation and enrichment devices and discuss in what field should be done next based on our researches.
Once-a-month oral contraceptive: quinestrol and quingestanol. (1970)

256 women were given a combination of 2 mg quinestrol and 2.5 mg quingestanol acetate on day 22 after a menstrual cycle and priming with quinestrol and every 4 weeks thereafter with no regard to the timing of menstruation. Cycle length was regular. Side effects included nausea mastalgia and mucorrhea. 8 patients stopped treatment because of menstrual problems.
Tendon 3D Scaffolds Establish a Tailored Microenvironment Instructing Paracrine Mediated Regenerative Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Potential (2022)

Tendon tissue engineering aims to develop effective implantable scaffolds, with ideally the native tissue's characteristics, able to drive tissue regeneration. This research focused on fabricating tendon-like PLGA 3D biomimetic scaffolds with highly aligned fibers and verifying their influence on the biological potential of amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs), in terms of tenodifferentiation and immunomodulation, with respect to fleeces. The produced 3D scaffolds better resemble native tendon tissue, both macroscopically, microscopically, and biomechanically. From a biological point of view, these constructs were able to instruct AECs genotypically and phenotypically. In fact, cells engineered on 3D scaffolds acquired an elongated tenocyte-like morphology; this was different from control AECs, which retained their polygonal morphology. The boosted AECs tenodifferentiation by 3D scaffolds was confirmed by the upregulation of tendon-related genes (<i>SCX</i>, <i>COL1</i> and <i>TNMD</i>) and TNMD protein expression. The produced constructs also prompted AECs' immunomodulatory potential, both at the gene and paracrine level. This enhanced immunomodulatory profile was confirmed by a greater stimulatory effect on THP-1-activated macrophages. These biological effects have been related to the mechanotransducer YAP activation evidenced by its nuclear translocation. Overall, these results support the biomimicry of PLGA 3D scaffolds, revealing that not only fiber alignment but also scaffold topology provide an in vitro favorable tenodifferentiative and immunomodulatory microenvironment for AECs that could potentially stimulate tendon regeneration.