gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and assembly of structured colloidal particles (2008)

Synthesis and self-assembly of structured colloids is a nascent field. Recent advances in this area include the development of a variety of practical routes to produce robust photonic band-gap materials, colloidal lithography for nanopatterns, and hierarchically structured porous materials with high surface-to-volume ratios for catalyst supports. To improve their properties, non-conventional suprastructures have been proposed, which could be built up using binary or bimodal mixtures of spherical particles and particles with internal or surface nanostructures. This Feature Article will describe the state-of-the-art in colloidal particles and their assemblies. The paper consists of three main sections categorized by the type of colloid, namely shape-anisotropic particles, chemically patterned particles and internally structured particles. In each section, we will discuss not only synthetic routes to uniform colloids with a range of structures, features and shapes, but also self-organization of these colloids into macrocrystalline structures with varying nanoscopic features and functionalities. Finally, we will outline future perspectives for these colloidal suprastructures.
Hybrid digital and analog beamforming design for large-scale MIMO systems (2015)

Large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enable high spectral efficiency by employing large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and the receiver of a wireless communication link. In traditional MIMO systems, full digital beamforming is done at the baseband; one distinct radio-frequency (RF) chain is required for each antenna, which for large-scale MIMO systems can be prohibitive from either cost or power consumption point of view. This paper considers a two-stage hybrid beamforming structure to reduce the number of RF chains for large-scale MIMO systems. The overall beamforming matrix consists of analog RF beamforming implemented using phase shifters and baseband digital beamforming of much smaller dimension. This paper considers precoder and receiver design for maximizing the spectral efficiency when the hybrid structure is used at both the transmitter and the receiver. On the theoretical front, bounds on the minimum number of transmit and receive RF chains that are required to realize the theoretical capacity of the large-scale MIMO system are presented. It is shown that the hybrid structure can achieve the same performance as the fully-digital beamforming scheme if the number of RF chains at each end is greater than or equal to twice the number of data streams. On the practical design front, this paper proposes a heuristic hybrid beamforming design strategy for the critical case where the number of RF chains is equal to the number of data streams, and shows that the performance of the proposed hybrid beamforming design can achieve spectral efficiency close to that of the fully-digital solution.
Grand canonical Brownian dynamics simulations of adsorption and self-assembly of SAS-6 rings on a surface (2023)

The Spindle Assembly Abnormal Protein 6 (SAS-6) forms dimers, which then self-assemble into rings that are critical for the nine-fold symmetry of the centriole organelle. It has recently been shown experimentally that the self-assembly of SAS-6 rings is strongly facilitated on a surface, shifting the reaction equilibrium by four orders of magnitude compared to the bulk. Moreover, a fraction of non-canonical symmetries (i.e., different from nine) was observed. In order to understand which aspects of the system are relevant to ensure efficient self-assembly and selection of the nine-fold symmetry, we have performed Brownian dynamics computer simulation with patchy particles and then compared our results with the experimental ones. Adsorption onto the surface was simulated by a grand canonical Monte Carlo procedure and random sequential adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, self-assembly was described by Langevin equations with hydrodynamic mobility matrices. We find that as long as the interaction energies are weak, the assembly kinetics can be described well by coagulation-fragmentation equations in the reaction-limited approximation. By contrast, larger interaction energies lead to kinetic trapping and diffusion-limited assembly. We find that the selection of nine-fold symmetry requires a small value for the angular interaction range. These predictions are confirmed by the experimentally observed reaction constant and angle fluctuations. Overall, our simulations suggest that the SAS-6 system works at the crossover between a relatively weak binding energy that avoids kinetic trapping and a small angular range that favors the nine-fold symmetry.
Nickel(0)/Imidazolium Chloride Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Halides (2002)

Dehalogenation of aryl halides was efficiently performed in refluxing THF using a catalytic combination composed of Ni(0)/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/β-hydrogen-containing alkoxide. IMes·HCl (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolium chloride) and Ni(acac)2 used respectively as carbene and Ni(0) precursors associated to in situ generated i-PrONa were found to be the most effective for the dehalogenation of functionalized aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons.
Lignin-Based Water-Soluble Polymers Exhibiting Biodegradability and Activity as Flocculating Agents (2022)

In the present study, depolymerized lignins (originating from pine, poplar, and corn stover) were valorized into biodegradable, water-soluble polymers (WSPs) by grafting hydrophilic l-lysine to their aromatic framework via the Mannich reaction. Higher grafting efficiencies (90%) were observed for lignins less abundant in syringol monomer units. Light scattering methods indicated that the size of the WSPs in aqueous solutions was sensitive to pH as they would expand or contract depending on (un)favorable electrostatic interactions between ionizable chemical functionalities on their surface. Facilitated by the zwitterionic properties of the WSPs, highly acidic or basic conditions increased the hydrodynamic radii of the WSPs (ranging from 200 to 350 nm), while pH conditions near the isoelectric point diminished the hydrodynamic radii of the WSPs (ranging from 50 to 130 nm). A potential application of the lignin-based WSPs as flocculating agents was evaluated by investigating their efficacy for destabilizing turbid aqueous suspensions of clay minerals (e.g., kaolin). At a pH of 3, dosages of 10–20 mg/L of the lignin-based WSPs could reduce the turbidity of the kaolin suspensions by over 95%. The biodegradability of all three types of WSPs (0.3 < BOD5/COD < 0.4) indicated that they were eco-friendly, biodegradable, and would not persist in the environment.
An Authorisation Interface for the GRID (2003)

The provision of one or more separate authorisation infrastructures, comparable to the existing Grid authentication infrastructure, is desirable, since it will allow Grid applications to plug and play different authorisation infrastructures in order to choose the best one for their needs. The first half of this paper describes the features that are needed from this interface. Whilst it is possible to standardise every conceivable feature of this interface, it is not practical in the short term, since no existing authorisation infrastructure could easily comply with it, nor are we yet sure of the full set of requirements. Rather, this paper presents the basic minimum set of features that are needed to provide an initial plug and play functionality. Other features, such as a management interface, may be standardised in the future, whilst yet other features may continue to be met in an implementation specific manner. The seco nd half of this paper provides a brief introduction to the Security Assertions Markup Language (SAML) and says how each of the initial authorisation interface requirements can be met by either the basic SAMLv1.0 specification or by extensions to it. The paper concludes by anticipating the future standardisation effort that will be needed to completely specify an authorisation interface for the Grid. 1.
Performance of a Module and Defect Detection Algorithm for Aerial Infrared Images as a Function of the Flying Altitude (2016)

In recent years, remote-controlled unmanned air vehicles (UAV) have been used increasingly to attain aerial infrared (aIR) recordings of large photovoltaic (PV) power plants with which thermally suspicious PV modules can be identified and localized. But so far, aIR recordings are still analyzed mostly manually – a process which can be extremely time-consuming and error-prone. In this context, the performance of a module and defect detection algorithm for aIR images is evaluated as a function of the flying altitude. For this purpose, aIR recordings of a PV power plant are generated from six flying altitudes from 5 m to 30 m above ground level by means of a drone measurement system and used as data input for the image processing tool. The results indicate optimal flying altitudes for both module and defect detection. However, the most suitable flying altitude may be a compromise with further conditions. The findings of this work will advance future automatic monitoring and early detection systems.
Effect of shackling, electrical stunning and halal slaughtering method on stress-linked hormones in broilers (2019)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of shackling and halal slaughter with head-only electrical stunning (ES) using water bath or no stunning (NS) on plasma levels of adrenaline (AD), noradrenaline (NAD) and corticosterone (CORT) levels of broiler chickens. Male and female broiler chickens (Cobb 500) 38 days old from a commercial farm in Johore, Malaysia, were placed in plastic crates (0.80 × 0.60 × 0.31 m) at 10 birds per crate, and transported for 2.5 hours in an open truck. The ambient temperature during transportation was 25 to 27 °C. Upon arrival at a commercial processing plant, a total of 50 male broiler chickens (2.2 - 2.5 kg) were randomly selected from the flocks that were delivered, transferred to different five crates (10 birds per crate) and held in a lairage for 2 to 3 h. Blood samples were collected at various points, namely after lairaging (P1) (first sampling point for both ES and NS chickens, regarded as basal values), shackling (P2) (second sampling point for both ES and NS chickens), stunning (P3) (third sampling point for ES chickens), and ventral neck incision in stunned (P4) (fourth sampling point for ES chickens) and no stun (P5) (third sampling point for NS chickens). Ten birds were sampled at each sampling point (50 birds in total). Both stunned and no stun birds were shackled. Results show that shackling (P2) did not significantly affect the AD, NAD and CORT levels. However, electrical stunning elevated both the AD and CORT levels significantly, but not NAD. Neck cut had negligible effect on the AD and NAD in NS and ES broilers, but significantly increased CORT compared with the basal CORT value. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that head-only electrical stunning using a water bath might elevate AD and CORT. The study concluded that, as measured by AD and NAD, slaughter with or without stunning may not induce a physiological stress response in broilers.Keywords: corticosterone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, primary processing, poultry
Regioselective Synthesis of N-Aminoisoindolones and Mono-N- and Di-N,N′-substituted Phthalazones Utilizing Hydrazine Nucleophiles in a Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Process (2008)

A palladium-catalyzed three-component cascade process for the synthesis of isoindolone and phthalazone derivatives is reported. The cascade process involves carbonylation of an aryl iodide/Michael acceptor to give an acylpalladium species which is intercepted by a hydrazine nucleophile. Intramolecular Michael addition follows to give either N-aminoisoindolones or mono- N- and di-N,N'-phthalazones depending on whether a monosubstituted or 1,2-disubstituted hydrazine nucleophile is used.
GMAP-210, A Cis-Golgi Network-associated Protein, Is a Minus End Microtubule-binding Protein (1999)

We report that a peripheral Golgi protein with a molecular mass of 210 kD localized at the cis-Golgi network (Rios, R.M., A.M. Tassin, C. Celati, C. Antony, M.C. Boissier, J.C. Homberg, and M. Bornens. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 125:997-1013) is a microtubule-binding protein that associates in situ with a subpopulation of stable microtubules. Interaction of this protein, now called GMAP-210, for Golgi microtubule-associated protein 210, with microtubules in vitro is direct, tight and nucleotide-independent. Biochemical analysis further suggests that GMAP-210 specifically binds to microtubule ends. The full-length cDNA encoding GMAP-210 predicts a protein of 1, 979 amino acids with a very long central coiled-coil domain. Deletion analyses in vitro show that the COOH terminus of GMAP-210 binds to microtubules whereas the NH2 terminus binds to Golgi membranes. Overexpression of GMAP-210-encoding cDNA induced a dramatic enlargement of the Golgi apparatus and perturbations in the microtubule network. These effects did not occur when a mutant lacking the COOH-terminal domain was expressed. When transfected in fusion with the green fluorescent protein, the NH2-terminal domain associated with the cis-Golgi network whereas the COOH-terminal microtubule-binding domain localized at the centrosome. Altogether these data support the view that GMAP-210 serves to link the cis-Golgi network to the minus ends of centrosome-nucleated microtubules. In addition, this interaction appears essential for ensuring the proper morphology and size of the Golgi apparatus.
Inhibition of Phospholipase A2-mediated Arachidonic Acid Release by Cyclic AMP Defines a Negative Feedback Loop for P2Y Receptor Activation in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney D1 Cells (1999)

In Madin-Darby canine kidney D1 cells extracellular nucleotides activate P2Y receptors that couple to several signal transduction pathways, including stimulation of multiple phospholipases and adenylyl cyclase. For one class of P2Y receptors, P2Y2 receptors, this stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increase in cAMP occurs via the conversion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-generated arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (e.g. PGE2). These prostaglandins then stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, presumably via activation of prostanoid receptors. In the current study we show that agents that increase cellular cAMP levels (including PGE2, forskolin, and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol) can inhibit P2Y receptor-promoted AA release. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 blocks this effect, suggesting that this feedback inhibition occurs via activation of PKA. Studies with PGE2 indicate that inhibition of AA release is attributable to inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and in turn of P2Y receptor stimulated PLA2 activity. Although cAMP/PKA-mediated inhibition occurs for P2Y receptor-promoted AA release, we did not find such inhibition for epinephrine (alpha1-adrenergic) or bradykinin-mediated AA release. Taken together, these results indicate that negative feedback regulation via cAMP/PKA-mediated inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase occurs for some, but not all, classes of receptors that promote PLA2 activation and AA release. We speculate that receptor-selective feedback inhibition occurs because PLA2 activation by different receptors in Madin-Darby canine kidney D1 cells involves the utilization of different signaling components that are differentially sensitive to increases in cAMP or, alternatively, because of compartmentation of signaling components.
Over-The-Air Measurements of Small Radio Terminals Using Spheroidal Coupler (2012)

We propose a novel method for measuring the matched total radiated power (TRP) and matched total radiated sensitivity (TRS) of small radio terminals, called over-the-air (OTA) measurement, using a spheroidal coupler (SC). To measure these parameters accurately in a multiple-reflection environment, such as in an SC, we developed two key techniques, i.e. displacement method and reflection compensation method, and verified their effectiveness by several simulations and fundamental experiments on a test transmitter. We also describe an absolute method for measuring antenna radiation efficiency using the displacement method. Furthermore, we describe TRP and TRS measurements for actual UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) terminals, and verify that the proposed method achieves quick measurements with good accuracy. The SC provides a compact, low-cost OTA measurement system with high sensitivity and high speed.
Renewable Energy-Driven Desalination Hybrids for Sustainability (2018)

The expansion trend of current desalination processes is expected to boost brine rejection to 240 km3 and CO2 emission to 400 million tons per year by 2050. This high brine rejection and CO2 emission rates are copping COP21 goal, maintaining temperature rise below 2°C. An innovative and energy-efficient process/material is required to achieve Paris Agreement targets. Highly efficient adsorbent cycle integration is proposed with well-proven conventional desalination processes to improve energy efficiency and to reduce environmental and marine pollution. The adsorbent cycle is operated with solar or low-grade industrial waste heat, available in abundance in water stress regions. The proposed integration with membrane processes will save 99% energy and over 150% chemical rejection to sea. In case of thermally driven cycles, the proposed hybridization will improve energy efficiency to 39% and will reduce over 80% chemical rejection. This can be one solution to achieve Paris Agreement (COP21) targets for climate control that can be implemented in near future.
Endopeptidase 24.15 from rat testes. Isolation of the enzyme and its specificity toward synthetic and natural peptides, including enkephalin-containing peptides (1989)

Endopeptidase 24.15, a metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) with an Mr of about 70,000, was purified to homogeneity from rat testes. The enzyme cleaves preferentially bonds on the carboxyl side of hydrophobic amino acids. Secondary enzyme-substrate interactions at sites removed from the scissile bond are indicated by the finding that a hydrophobic or bulky residue in the P3' position greatly contributes to substrate binding and catalytic efficiency. The isolated enzyme is inhibited by metal chelators and by thiols. Loss of enzymic activity after dialysis against EDTA can be restored by low concentrations of Zn2+ and Co2+ ions. The rate of reaction of the Co2+ enzyme with a synthetic substrate was higher than that of the Zn2+ enzyme. These results are consistent with the classification of the enzyme as a metalloendopeptidase. N-Carboxymethyl peptides that fulfil the binding requirements of the substrate recognition site of the enzyme act as potent competitive inhibitors. Biologically active peptides such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, bradykinin and neurotensin are cleaved at sites consistent with the specificity of the enzyme deduced from studies with synthetic peptides. Dynorphin A (1-8)-peptide, beta-neoendorphin, metorphamide, and Metenkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 are rapidly converted to the corresponding enkephalins. The testis enzyme is catalytically and immunologically closely related to the previously identified brain enzyme.
Development of the Paracorporeal Ambulatory Assist Lung (PAAL) (2017)

Lung disease is a major healthcare problem as the third leading cause of death in the United States. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation are the only means for respiratory support once patients reach a critical condition. Confinement during these treatments causes muscle deconditioning which increases morbidity and mortality after lung transplant. Advancements in ECMO have improved treatment outcomes by introducing ambulation into the clinical practice. Current systems are cumbersome and limited to short term use. We are developing the Paracorporeal Ambulatory Assist Lung (PAAL), an artificial lung device that is durable, wearable and simplifies ambulation. The PAAL integrates a hollow fiber membrane (HFM) bundle for oxygenation and a centrifugal blood pump into a compact unit. Device size is reduced by decreasing the HFM area and increasing the oxygenation efficiency (oxygenation per unit area). This dissertation investigates passive flow, active mixing and recirculation as means for increasing oxygenation efficiency. A 1D mass-transfer model guided the choice of the HFM bundle form factor. Prototypes were manufactured for evaluating hydrodynamics, oxygenation, and hemolysis on the bench. The passive flow PAAL was selected for in-vivo testing in sheep (6-hours) while hemodynamics, oxygenation and hemolysis were assessed. The device was then optimized using computational fluid dynamics and tested for 5-days in-vivo. In-vitro performance targets were met for all proposed designs. Hemodynamics did not change relative to baseline in all in-vivo studies. The PAAL fully oxygenated blood, and plasma-free hemoglobin remained under 20 mg/dL in all in-vivo studies. Gross examination of devices after in-vivo testing showed minimal to no thrombus in the HFM bundle and no thrombus in the centrifugal pump. Platelet activation remained under 15% after 5-days. Artificial lungs incorporating passive flow, active mixing and blood recirculation have been designed. Relative to the clinical standard, HFM area was reduced by ~1.7 times using passive flow and active mixing, and by ~3 times using recirculation. An integrated and wearable PAAL was developed based on the passive flow design. This design was evaluated up to 5 days in sheep with no device related complications. Chronic (30-day) in-vivo studies on the PAAL are in progress.
Space‐time considerations for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2008)

The mammalian blood system contains a multitude of distinct mature cell lineages adapted to serving diverse functional roles. Mutations that abrogate the development or function of one or more of these lineages can lead to profound adverse consequences, such as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, or anemia. Replacement of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that carry such mutations with HSC from a healthy donor can reverse such disorders, but because the risks associated with the procedure are often more serious than the blood disorders themselves, bone marrow transplantation is generally not used to treat a number of relatively common inherited blood diseases. Aside from a number of other problems, risks associated with cytoreductive treatments that create "space" for donor HSC, and the slow kinetics with which immune competence is restored following transplantation hamper progress. This review will focus on how recent studies using experimental model systems may direct future efforts to implement routine use of HSC transplantation to cure inherited blood disorders.