gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Human Sperm Surface Glycoproteins Recognized by Autoantisera from Immune Infertile Men, Women, and Vasectomized Men1 (1990)

To identify the surface antigens of human sperm recognized by antisera from immune infertility patients and vasectomized men, we labeled sperm surface proteins with 125I- and used patient antisera for immunoprecipitation. Sera were studied from 27 infertile males, 18 infertile females, and 4 vasectomized males, each possessing anti-sperm antibodies detected by immunobead binding. Sera from different infertile males, different infertile females, and vasectomized males were remarkably similar in their surface antigen recognition. The different sera specifically immunoprecipitated the same small group of 125I-labeled surface proteins, which included polypeptides in the region 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa. Treatment with N-glycanase showed that the proteins of 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa were glycoproteins with N-linked carbohydrate. The immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled proteins and the total extract of 125I-labeled surface proteins were compared on two-dimensional (2D) gels. The results show the 90 kDa polypeptide is a major sperm surface component, whereas 40-45 kDa and 26 kDa polypeptides are minor components. The 2D gel comparison also indicates that 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa are a small subset of the total ensemble of sperm surface proteins. Clinical data suggest antibodies to these few proteins interfere with sperm function.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Efficacious Combination Drug Treatment for Colorectal Cancer That Overcomes Resistance to KRAS G12C Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl. Fig. S4 with its legend on page 2&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Surface Layer with Bleeding Properties in Rolling/Sliding Contact (2000)

Rolling/sliding contact of two layered rotating cylinders is analyzed. The substrate of each cylinder is modeled as an elastic body. Under loading, the surface layer is allowed to deform as an elastic or viscoelastic body and lubricant can release from this layer and enter the contact providing the lubrication with limited flow rate. The influence of the surface layer properties on contact pressure, film thickness and friction coefficient is analyzed for various operating conditions. The results indicate that due to the bleeding properties of the surface layer the EHD regime of lubrication has some distinctive properties. The film thickness tends to a constant value and the coefficient of rolling friction decreases as the Sommerfeld number increases for both the elastic and viscoelastic models of the surface layer.
Differing Roles for ERK1 and ERK2 in CD8 T cell Activation and Survival (2008)

The ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases regulate proliferation, survival and differentiation in a variety of cell types. Herein, we investigated the requirement for these molecules during CD8 T cell activation. We observed that ERK2, but not ERK1 was critical for cell cycle initiation in the absence of co‐stimulation in vitro . Surprisingly, CD8 T cell proliferation following optimal stimulation in vitro or following two different pathogenic infections in vivo proceeded uninhibited in the absence of either ERK1 or ERK2. However, ERK2 signaling remained indispensable for the survival and accumulation of the effector CD8 T cells. This function was mediated by the Bcl‐2 family members Bcl‐2, Bcl‐X L and Bim. As a result, ERK2 deficient CD8 T cell viability was restored by the additional ablation of Bim. These results ascribe multifaceted functions specific to ERK2 in CD8 T cell activation and survival.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Wheel and Axle Hydrocarbons: Strategic Use of Tetraphenylmethane Stoppers. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Torrefaction and Compaction of Eucalyptus and Spruce Wood (2011)

Eucalyptus is a fast growing tree with typical rotations of 7­8 years, and is therefore suitable as biomass raw material for the energy industry. Spruce is presently widely used in the Nordic countries and was therefore chosen as our reference material. Torrefied biomass generally shows superior fuel qualities with respect to logistics, handling, storage and feeding. Therefore, the two wood chip materials Spruce (Norwegian Spruce) and Eucalyptus were torrefied at temperatures ranging from 270 to 300°C at residence times of 8 to 16.5 minutes using a 2­level full factorial design. 250 kg (DS) wood chips were torrefied and then pelletized in a conventional 500 kg/h pellet press from Bühler with a rotary die. The results illustrate the potential to produce pellets with high quality and low power consumption. Although the compaction experiments were of single trial characteristics, pellets of torrefied eucalyptus were produced with a durability of 92 % with reasonably low power consumption. Pellets of torrefied spruce show lower durability (80%) and higher power consumption.
Computational Electromagnetics Applied to Design and Modeling of Photonic Crystal Fibers (2004)

Computational electromagnetics has become an essential tool in modern microwave and lightwave technologies, and many successful numerical methods have been proposed since its birth. In this paper a full-vector finite-element method is introduced to design and modeling of photonic crystal fibers which have attracted much interest recently mainly because of their unique properties.
Thermal decomposition of anion-exchange resin based on copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine (2016)

Formal kinetic model is suggested on the basis of experimental studies of the heat-release kinetics in decomposition of an anion-exchange resin, copolymer of N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride and divinylbenzene. The model makes it possible to determine the service life of the resin in the temperature range 100–170°C in optimization of the process in which monosilane is synthesized from trichlorosilane with the resin used as a catalyst.
Development of a Protein Mimic with Peptide Ligands to Enhance Specific Sensing and Targeting by the Zwitterionic Surface Engineering of Poly(amido amine) Dendrimers (2013)

A full layer of zwitterionic carboxybetaine-modified G5 PAMAM with extra targeting c(RGDyK) motifs shows excellent biocompatibility and about 100 times higher efficacy than free c(RGDyK) motifs while high selectivity of c(RGDyK) is preserved. This work provides a rational method to design protein-like molecules to obtain therapeutic function.
ChemInform Abstract: (3,3‐Diisopropoxypropyl)triphenylarsonium Ylide: A New Synthetic Equivalent of β‐Formylvinyl Anion. (1989)

Abstract The arsonium ylide (I) is coupled with the iodo acetal (II) to give the arsonium salt (III) which is dehydroiodinated, forming the ylide (IV) mentioned in the title.
Kinetics of pack aluminization of nickel (1978)

The kinetics of pack aluminization of unalloyed nickel in packs of varying aluminum activity with various halide activators were studied. Surface compositions of the coatings as functions of time, temperature, and pack composition were obtained in order to establish the boundary conditions for diffusion in the system. The structure of the packs was also examined in order to clarify the mechanism of aluminum transport. The results indicate that the kinetics of pack aluminization are controlled jointly by gas diffusion in the pack and solid diffusion in the coating. Levine and Caves' model for gas diffusion was combined with calculations of rates of diffusion in the solid to formulate a more complete theory for the kinetics of pack aluminization.
Review of refractive index modulation achievable in photosensitive polymer materials in view of their application with diffractive optical elements for LEDs (2023)

LEDs have long been hailed as a sustainable light source. Indeed, its adoption in recent decades has greatly improved the efficiency of artificial light sources. Nonetheless, the sustainability claims are challenged by mounting evidence pointing to the detrimental impact of light pollution due to blue-rich white LEDs on wildlife, human health, and astronomy. A potential solution to this is the use of holographically recorded diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to redirect LED light to regions where illumination is required. However, current limitations on the use of DOEs are high costs, low angular working range (Δθ), and relatively narrow spectral working range (Δλ). This restricts their efficient use to narrow wavelength range light sources at highly specific ranges of incident angles. In order for DOEs to be operational with broad Δθ and Δλ, a low thickness and suitably high refractive index modulation (Δn) are required, but it must still operate in the Kogelnik regime and not lose energy to higher diffraction orders. The aim of this review is to identify candidate materials for the design of a novel low-cost DOEs with higher Δn.
Realistic fault modeling for VLSI testing (1987)

Functional failures of VLSI circuits are caused by process-induced defects. Such defects have very complex physical characteristics and may be significantly different from the simplistic defect models assumed by typical fault modeling techniques. In the tutorial an overview of the actual mechanisms causing processing defects, and the defects' electrical manifestations will be discussed. It will be demonstrated that inadequate insight into the physics of processing defects and the manufacturing process may lead to inefficient testing of actual VLSI circuits.
PyBIDS: Python tools for BIDS datasets (2019)

Brain imaging researchers regularly work with large, heterogeneous, high-dimensional datasets. Historically, researchers have dealt with this complexity idiosyncratically, with every lab or individual implementing their own preprocessing and analysis procedures. The resulting lack of field-wide standards has severely limited reproducibility and data sharing and reuse.
A live dengue virus vaccine carrying a chimeric envelope glycoprotein elicits dual DENV2-DENV4 serotype-specific immunity (2023)

The four dengue virus serotypes co-circulate globally and cause significant human disease. Dengue vaccine development is challenging because some virus-specific antibodies are protective, while others are implicated in enhanced viral replication and more severe disease. Current dengue tetravalent vaccines contain four live attenuated serotypes formulated to theoretically induce balanced protective immunity. Among the number of vaccine candidates in clinical trials, only Dengvaxia is licensed for use in DENV seropositive individuals. To simplify live-virus vaccine design, we identify co-evolutionary constraints inherent in flavivirus virion assembly and design chimeric viruses to replace domain II (EDII) of the DENV2 envelope (E) glycoprotein with EDII from DENV4. The chimeric DENV2/4EDII virus replicates efficiently in vitro and in vivo. In male macaques, a single inoculation of DENV2/4EDII induces type-specific neutralizing antibodies to both DENV2 and DENV4, thereby providing a strategy to simplify DENV vaccine design by utilizing a single bivalent E glycoprotein immunogen for two DENV serotypes.
Postfiltering with Complex Spectral Correlations for Speech and Audio Coding (2018)

State-of-the-art speech codecs achieve a good compromise between quality, bitrate and complexity. However, retaining performance outside the target bitrate range remains challenging. To improve performance, many codecs use pre- and post-filtering techniques to reduce the perceptual effect of quantization-noise. In this paper, we propose a postfiltering method to attenuate quantization noise which uses the complex spectral correlations of speech signals. Since conventional speech codecs cannot transmit information with temporal dependencies as transmission errors could result in severe error propagation, we model the correlation offline and employ them at the decoder, hence removing the need to transmit any side information. Objective evaluation indicates an average 4 dB improvement in the perceptual SNR of signals using the context-based post-filter, with respect to the noisy signal and an average 2 dB improvement relative to the conventional Wiener filter. These results are confirmed by an improvement of up to 30 MUSHRA points in a subjective listening test.
Fabrication and characteristics of rugate filters deposited by the TSH reactive sputtering method (1998)

Theoretical investigations on rugate filters have recently received much attention. For the most efficient use of the rugate filters, the deposition processes such as EB coevaporation, reactive ion beam assisted deposition and chemical vapor deposition methods, have been investigated as the most importance to achieve our objective. However, since periodic rugate filters manufactured in these manners require sophisticated and precise control of the process, they cannot sufficiently offer either the required stable deposition rate, wide variation of refractive index, or a particularly long-time constant deposition process. In this experiment, the two-stage high-rate reactive sputtering method, called TSH reactive sputtering, is used to fabricate such rugate filters. Their spectral performance, elemental composition ratio, and cross-section morphology have been investigated.
Indomethacin or flurbiprofen treatment of periodontitis in beagles: Effect on crevicular fluid arachidonic acid metabolites compared with effect on alveolar bone loss (1988)

The effect of two non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and flurbiprofen, on the progression of alveolar bone loss and on the crevicular fluid (CF) levels of four arachidonic acid metabolites was compared in 16 beagle dogs over a 12‐month period. Standardized radiographs were used to measure the rate of bone loss. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure CF levels of PGE 2 , PGF 2α , TxB 2 and 6K‐PGF 1α . Following a 6‐month pretreatment baseline period, 5 dogs were dosed daily with 1.0 mg/kg indomethacin, 5 dogs were dosed daily with 0.02 mg/kg flurbiprofen, and 6 dogs were dosed with empty gelatin capsules for a 6‐month period. With the administration of either indomethacin or flurbiprofen. the CF levels of PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and TxB 2 were similarly significantly decreased; 6K‐PGF 1α levels were not altered. Indomethacin and flurbiprofen did not have a similar effect on reducing the rate of alveolar bone loss. Flurbiprofen significantly decreased rate of bone loss from baseline whereas indomethacin did not. The data indicate that indomethacin and flurbiprofen inhibit CF arachidonic acid metabolite levels in a similar manner, but not rate of bone loss. The data suggest that flurbiprofen's striking effect on inhibiting rate of bone loss cannot be solely attributed to simple cyclooxygenase inhibition with a reduction in CF prostaglandin levels.
Members of the microRNA-17-92 cluster exhibit a cell-intrinsic antiangiogenic function in endothelial cells (2010)

MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression on the posttranscriptional level. The miR-17-92 cluster (encoding miR-17, -18a, -19a/b, -20a, and miR-92a) is highly expressed in tumor cells and is up-regulated by ischemia. Whereas miR-92a was recently identified as negative regulator of angiogenesis, the specific functions of the other members of the cluster are less clear. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-17, -18a, -19a, and -20a significantly inhibited 3-dimensional spheroid sprouting in vitro, whereas inhibition of miR-17, -18a, and -20a augmented endothelial cell sprout formation. Inhibition of miR-17 and miR-20a in vivo using antagomirs significantly increased the number of perfused vessels in Matrigel plugs, whereas antagomirs that specifically target miR-18a and miR-19a were less effective. However, systemic inhibition of miR-17/20 did not affect tumor angiogenesis. Further mechanistic studies showed that miR-17/20 targets several proangiogenic genes. Specifically, Janus kinase 1 was shown to be a direct target of miR-17. In summary, we show that miR-17/20 exhibit a cell-intrinsic antiangiogenic activity in endothelial cells. Inhibition of miR-17/20 specifically augmented neovascularization of Matrigel plugs but did not affect tumor angiogenesis indicating a context-dependent regulation of angiogenesis by miR-17/20 in vivo.
Answering the Call of the Wild (2021)

Traditional ecological medicine and ethnobotanical leads have long provided the primer for modern pharmacological interventions, and polyphenol-rich natural products are a mainstay of the pharmacopeia for a diversity of cultures across the globe. Each of the four health-relevant dietary groups of polyphenolic compounds – flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans - can be reliably sourced year-round, from large cultivated plantations or orchards of domestically produced varieties, or from imported fruit and vegetable sources. In contrast, wildcrafted polyphenol-rich plant material (as foraged in traditional ecological hunter-gatherer societies) tend to feature inherently more intricate and diversified individual phytochemical profiles, which are less predictable depending on the climate, season, and growing habitat. A wealth of potentiating interactions (synergies or additive effects) between the abundance of phytochemical compounds present in wild plants contributes to their established potency in therapeutic applications. Traditional ethnobotanical information about wild polyphenol-rich plants has generally been confined to restricted geographic areas where these plants are endemic. However, the recent elucidation of their unique and multifaceted bioactivities, and of the scientific basis behind these potent and novel chemistries, have opened up a new market niche for wild native resources.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Is Activated in Subjects at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes and Is Associated With Impaired Vascular Reactivity (2002)

PARP activation is present in healthy subjects at risk of developing diabetes as well as in established type 2 diabetic patients, and it is associated with impairments in the vascular reactivity in the skin microcirculation.
Quantification of Liver Iron Overload with MRI: Review and Guidelines from the ESGAR and SAR (2023)

Accumulation of excess iron in the body, or systemic iron overload, results from a variety of causes. The concentration of iron in the liver is linearly related to the total body iron stores and, for this reason, quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) is widely regarded as the best surrogate to assess total body iron. Historically assessed using biopsy, there is a clear need for noninvasive quantitative imaging biomarkers of LIC. MRI is highly sensitive to the presence of tissue iron and has been increasingly adopted as a noninvasive alternative to biopsy for detection, severity grading, and treatment monitoring in patients with known or suspected iron overload. Multiple MRI strategies have been developed in the past 2 decades, based on both gradient-echo and spin-echo imaging, including signal intensity ratio and relaxometry strategies. However, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the appropriate use of these methods. The overall goal of this article is to summarize the current state of the art in the clinical use of MRI to quantify liver iron content and to assess the overall level of evidence of these various methods. Based on this summary, expert consensus panel recommendations on best practices for MRI-based quantification of liver iron are provided.
Changes in gravity rapidly alter the magnitude and direction of a cellular calcium current Mari L. SalmiAeraj ul HaqueThomas J. Bushart (2011)

In single-celled spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii, gravity directs polarity of development and induces a directional, trans-cellular calcium (Ca 2? ) current. To clarify how gravity polarizes this electrophysiological process, we measured the kinetics of the cellular response to changes in the gravity vector, which we initially esti- mated using the self-referencing calcium microsensor. In order to generate more precise and detailed data, we developed a silicon microfabricated sensor array which facilitated a lab-on-a-chip approach to simultaneously measure calcium currents from multiple cells in real time. These experiments revealed that the direction of the gravity-dependent polar calcium current is reversed in less than 25 s when the cells are inverted, and that changes in the magnitude of the calcium current parallel rapidly changing g-forces during parabolic flight on the NASA C-9 aircraft. The data also revealed a hysteresis in the response of cells in the transition from 2g to micro-g in comparison to cells in the micro-g to 2-g transition, a result consistent with a role for mechanosensitive ion channels in the gravity response. The calcium current is suppressed by either nifedipine (calcium-channel blocker) or eosin yellow (plasma membrane calcium pump inhibitor). Nifedipine disrupts gravity-directed cell polarity, but not spore ger- mination. These results indicate that gravity perception in single plant cells may be mediated by mechanosensitive calcium channels, an idea consistent with some previously proposed models of plant gravity perception.
Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 (2011)

2D Ti3C2 nanosheets, multilayer structures, and conical scrolls produced by room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in HF are reported. Since Ti3AlC2 is a member of a 60+ group of layered ternary carbides and nitrides, this discovery opens a door to the synthesis of a large number of other 2D crystals.
The response regulator SsrB activates expression of diverse Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 promoters and counters silencing by the nucleoid‐associated protein H‐NS (2007)

The two-component system SsrA-SsrB activates expression of a type III secretion system required for replication in macrophages and systemic infection in mice. Here we characterize the SsrB-dependent regulation of genes within Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). Primer extension and DNase I footprinting identified multiple SsrB-regulated promoters within SPI-2 located upstream of ssaB, sseA, ssaG and ssaM. We previously demonstrated that ssrA and ssrB transcription is uncoupled. Overexpression of SsrB in the absence of its cognate kinase, SsrA, is sufficient to activate SPI-2 transcription. Because SsrB requires phosphorylation to relieve inhibitory contacts that occlude its DNA-binding domain, additional components must phosphorylate SsrB. SPI-2 promoters examined in single copy were highly SsrB-dependent, activated during growth in macrophages and induced by acidic pH. The nucleoid structuring protein H-NS represses horizontally acquired genes; we confirmed that H-NS is a negative regulator of SPI-2 gene expression. In the absence of H-NS, the requirement for SsrB in activating SPI-2 genes is substantially reduced, suggesting a role for SsrB in countering H-NS silencing. SsrB activates transcription of multiple operons within SPI-2 by binding to degenerate DNA targets at diversely organized promoters. SsrB appears to possess dual activities to promote SPI-2 gene expression: activation of transcription and relief of H-NS-mediated repression.