gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Irritable bowel syndrome and active inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed by faecal gas analysis (2016)

This is the first description of an investigation for the positive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, and for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease.
Regional and structural integrity of the whole cervical spinal cord using 3D-T1 MP2RAGE and multi-slice multi angle DTI and ihMT sequences at 3T: preliminary investigations on age-related changes. (2017)

International audience
The importance of estimating the therapeutic index in the development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (2006)

At least 56 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors have been pursued as clinical candidates since the late 1970's when the first drug discovery program targeting this enzyme family began. Some of these clinical candidates were pursued for multiple indications. However, the two primary indications that have been targeted are cancer (24 drugs) and anti-arthritis (27 drugs). Cardiovascular disease was listed as an indication for 10 drugs. Forty-six MMP inhibitors have been discontinued, 7 remain in clinical development, and only 1 (Periostat for periodontal disease) has been approved. Recently, negative phase II results were reported for the MMP inhibitor PG-116800, which was being evaluated as a treatment for post-ischemic myocardial remodeling to prevent heart failure. One major factor leading to the failure of PG-116800 and many of the other MMP inhibitors is the inadequate assessment of the therapeutic index, the ratio of dose required for efficacy vs. that for toxicology. This review describes the dose-limiting side effect that has hampered MMP inhibitor development (the musculoskeletal syndrome), cardiovascular clinical MMP inhibitor studies, a model of the therapeutic index using marimastat, and progress towards more selective MMP inhibitors not limited by the musculoskeletal syndrome.
Stark Effect and Nonlinear Impedance of the Asymmetric Ag-CO-Ag Junction: An Optical Rectenna (2016)

We present first-principles analysis of the Stark effect of CO adsorbed on an atomically sharp silver asperity, and current versus potential (I–V) characteristics of the Ag-CO-Ag junction. The analysis supports the suggestion that CO-bridged plasmonic junctions represent rectifying nanoantennas at optical frequencies and that the CO vibrational spectrum serves as a molecular voltmeter [M. Banik et al. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 10343]. The Stark effect is principally controlled by the field-induced charge redistribution between the antibonding 2π*-orbitals of CO and the s-electrons of Ag. The Stark tuning rate of the CO stretch, 1.5 × 10–6 cm–1/V cm–1, is ∼25% larger on atomically sharp asperities than on flat Ag, and remains constant over a large window of applied fields (±0.8 V/Å). As such, both sign and strength of local electric field can be quantitatively determined by the vibrational shift of CO. The I–V curve of the Ag-CO-Ag junction is nonlinear, rendering it an effective rectifier with responsivity S = (∂2I/∂V2)/(∂I/∂V) = −2.8 μA/V at zero bias. A more explicit treatment of rectification at optical frequencies is presented through time-dependent density functional simulations of the coupled electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom of the junction, to include dynamical impedance in the confirmation of the optical rectenna. The computed impedance correctly predicts the experimentally observed sign and magnitude of the rectified optical field, as measured by the Stark effect.
Concentration of fibrin monomer in pregnancy and during the postpartum period (2019)

Background D-dimer increases during pregnancy and is problematic to use in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Fibrin monomer represents an alternative biomarker for venous thromboembolism. However, to be useful in pregnancy, the fibrin monomer concentration should be stable throughout pregnancy and during postpartum. Methods To describe the course of fibrin monomer concentration during pregnancy and the postpartum period in healthy pregnant women and to compare their within-subject biological variation (CV I ) with non-pregnant women. Blood samples were obtained every fourth week during pregnancy and three samples after delivery in 20 healthy women and every fourth week during a 40-week period in 19 healthy non-pregnant women. Fibrin monomer (STA Liatest FM, Stago) was analysed in duplicates for all samples. Concentrations of fibrin monomer in pregnant and non-pregnant women were compared and the CV I for fibrin monomer was calculated. Results The median fibrin monomer concentration in pregnant women was 6.2 mg/L (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles 3.7–10.8 mg/L) and in non-pregnant women 4.8 mg/L (3.6–8.2) ( P &lt; 0.01). The fibrin monomer concentration was relatively stable during pregnancy, although a few unexplained high fibrin monomer concentrations were found during pregnancy/postpartum. Fibrin monomer CV I in pregnancy and postpartum was 20.6% (95% CI 18.3, 23.5) and in non-pregnant 16.1% (13.7, 18.9). Conclusions For clinical purposes, fibrin monomer concentration can be considered stable during pregnancy, although it is slightly higher than in non-pregnant women. Pregnant and non-pregnant women have the same CV I . The suitability of fibrin monomer in venous thromboembolism diagnosis in pregnant women should be validated in further studies.
LACK OF PROTECTION BY Nw-METHYL-L-ARGININE (NMA), A NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR, IN ENDOTOXIN (LPS)-CHALLENGED CANINES (1993)

Cobb, J. Perren; Natanson, C; Quezado, Z MN; Hoffman, W D; Koev, C A; Banks, S; Elin, R F; Hosseini, J M; Winkelstein, B A; Danner, R L Author Information
Special report: go reconfigure (2003)

The article discusses why only programmable handheld devices can do the job of any 10 different gizmos. The development of a chameleon-like handheld device is also described. The programmable logic device (PLD), a semiconductor containing a personalization memory and logic elements, can make it possible to have a pocket-electronics device consolidated with a number of features including adaptability to any network, capability to fit new standards, and having an upgradeable security system for the latest virus. Conventional PLDs are big, slow, power hungry, and expensive, but, like the microprocessors, PLDs can evolve in time into higher-level logic primitives that make them suitable for untethered applications.
<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm SiN}_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/InAlN/AlN/GaN MIS-HEMTs With 10.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm THz}\cdot{\rm V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Johnson Figure of Merit (2014)

A high combination of three-terminal breakdown voltage (VBK) and current gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) was achieved with SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /InAlN/AlN/GaN metal-insulator- semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs). A 1-nm SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> gate dielectric was deposited ex situ in a molecular beam epitaxy system and used to increase the carrier density of the 2-D electron gas under an ultrathin InAlN/AlN (2.3 nm/1 nm) barrier. Passivated MIS-HEMTs with a gate length of 80 nm exhibited a drain current density greater than 1.1 A/mm, a peak intrinsic transconductance g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m,max</sub> of 800 mS/mm, and a maximum frequency of oscillation f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 230 GHz. The combination of f T of 114 GHz and VBK of 95 V provides a Johnson figure of merit of 10.8 THz · V, which is among the highest reported values for fully passivated GaN HEMTs. A peak power-added efficiency of 37.5% with an output power of 1.25 W/mm and an associated gain of 9.7 dB was obtained by load-pull measurements at 40 GHz.
Development and characterization of touch sensing devices for robotic applications (2009)

This paper presents the development of touch sensing chips for robotic applications and the experimental results from touch sensing elements on the chip. The high resolution tactile sensing chips have overall dimension of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm and consist of 25 touch sensing elements. The touch sensing elements on the chip are the POSFET (Piezoelectric Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) devices, obtained by depositing piezoelectric polymer directly on to the gate area of MOS transistor. Each sensing element has an effective sensing area of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm. The tactile sensing chips are suitable for fingertips of a robot where large numbers of sensors are needed in a small space (typically 1 cm × 1.5 cm). The tactile sensing elements on the chip have been experimentally evaluated in time and frequency domain. Typically, protective rubber films of materials like PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) are used to improve robustness of the sensors, albeit, at the cost of reduced sensitivity. Such effects on the response of POSFET touch sensing elements are studied with PDMS films having different thicknesses.
Programmable synaptic devices for electronic neural nets (1990)

The architecture, design, and operational characteristics of custom VLSI and thin film synaptic devices are described. The devices include CMOS-based synaptic chips containing 1024 reprogrammable synapses with a 6-bit dynamic range, and nonvolatile, write-once, binary synaptic arrays based on memory switching in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films. Their suitability for embodiment of fully parallel and analog neural hardware is discussed. Specifically, a neural network solution to an assignment problem of combinatorial global optimization, implemented in fully parallel hardware using the synaptic chips, is described. The network's ability to provide optimal and near optimal solutions over a time scale of few neuron time constants has been demonstrated and suggests a speedup improvement of several orders of magnitude over conventional search methods.
Enzymatic Fabrication of DNA Nanostructures:  Extension of a Self-assembled Oligonucleotide Monolayer on Gold Arrays (2005)

Nucleic acid nanostructures are useful as templates for bionanofabrication of composite molecular nanostructures in materials science, molecular electronics, and biosensing. Here, we demonstrate that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, which repetitively adds mononucleotides to the 3' end of a short DNA initiator, can be used to rapidly fabricate DNA nanostructures up to 121 nm high with lateral dimensions from 0.1 to 4 mum in 2 h. These programmable scaffolds can potentially be employed to build more complex nanostructures consisting of natural or unnatural nucleotides with selective docking sites along the single-stranded DNA.
Blind Deconvolution of PET Images using Anatomical Priors (2016)

Images from positron emission tomography (PET) provide metabolic information about the human body. They present, however, a spatial resolution that is limited by physical and instrumental factors often modeled by a blurring function. Since this function is typically unknown, blind deconvolution (BD) techniques are needed in order to produce a useful restored PET image. In this work, we propose a general BD technique that restores a low resolution blurry image using information from data acquired with a high resolution modality (e.g., CT-based delineation of regions with uniform activity in PET images). The proposed BD method is validated on synthetic and actual phantoms.
An agent framework for dynamic agent retraining: Agent academy (2004)

Agent Academy (AA) aims to develop a multi-agent society that can train new agents for specific or general tasks, while constantly retraining existing agents in a recursive mode. The system is based on collecting information both from the environment and the behaviors of the acting agents and their related successes/failures to generate a body of data, stored in the Agent Use Repository, which is mined by the Data Miner module, in order to generate useful knowledge about the application domain. Knowledge extracted by the Data Miner is used by the Agent Training Module as to train new agents or to enhance the behavior of agents already running. In this paper the Agent Academy framework is introduced, and its overall architecture and functionality are presented. Training issues as well as agent ontologies are discussed. Finally, a scenario, which aims to provide environmental alerts to both individuals and public authorities, is described an AA-based use case.
Relation of growth- and sterol-related regulatory pathways for low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression. (1990)

The relationship between growth- and sterol-related regulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene expression was examined in human skin fibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and high density lipoprotein (HDL3) each produced increased cellular LDL protein and mRNA levels. However, HDL, when added with PDGF or insulin produced no additional effect. Coincubations with 25-hydroxycholesterol markedly attenuated fibroblast LDL receptor protein and mRNA response to growth activation. Acute transfection experiments using sterol-responsive elements of the LDL receptor gene indicated that these elements are also responsive to growth activation with PDGF. These data indicate that alteration of cellular sterol balance or metabolism leading to release of end product repression contributes to growth-related stimulation of LDL receptor gene expression.
Distributed rendering: Interaction delay reduction in remote rendering with client-end GPU-accelerated scene warping technique (2017)

In a remote rendering system, the display device and the main graphics processing unit (GPU) are located in different places, which is a kind of client-server architecture and is widely used in cloud gaming and virtual reality (VR). To reduce the interaction delay and improve the user experience especially when the link between the server and client becomes wireless, we propose a client-end GPU-accelerated scene warping technique to approximate the rendered frames between key frames, meanwhile hiding the interaction delay. The distributed rendering technique can warp and interpolate images on the client end with the server-rendered reference background images and the corresponding depth maps. A mobile GPU is also employed to accelerate the image warping operation. In addition, the foreground layer is rendered with GPU and then blended with the approximated background layer generated from background warping. A prototype of the proposed system is implemented with a commercialized smart phone. Compared with the video streaming-based cloud gaming system, the evaluation results show that the Game Mean Opinion Score (GMOS) increases from 1 to 4.1 for the interactive games even in a high network delay condition.
Molt cycle regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, and the differential expression of a myostatin-like factor during atrophy induced by molting or unweighting (2009)

In decapod crustaceans, claw muscle undergoes atrophy in response to elevated ecdysteroids while thoracic muscle undergoes atrophy in response to unweighting. The signaling pathways that regulate muscle atrophy in crustaceans are largely unknown. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth in mammals, and a myostatin-like cDNA is preferentially expressed in muscle of the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis (Gl-Mstn). Contrary to prediction, levels of Gl-Mstn mRNA decreased dramatically in both the claw closer and weighted thoracic muscles when molting was induced by either eyestalk ablation (ESA) or multiple limb autotomy (MLA). However, the effect of molt induction was greater in the claw muscle. By late premolt, Gl-Mstn mRNA in the claw muscle decreased 81% and 94% in ESA and MLA animals, respectively, and was negatively correlated with ecdysteroids. Gl-Mstn mRNA in thoracic muscle decreased 68% and 82% in ESA and MLA animals, respectively, but was only weakly correlated with ecdysteroid. Claw and thoracic muscles also differed to varying extents in the expression of ecdysteroid receptor (Gl-EcR and Gl-RXR), elongation factor-2 (Gl-EF-2), and calpain T (Gl-CalpT) in response to molt induction, but levels of the four transcripts were not correlated with ecdysteroid. The downregulation of Gl-Mstn expression in premolt claw muscle coincided with 11- and 13-fold increases in protein synthesis in the myofibrillar and soluble protein fractions, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of the increase in the synthesis of soluble proteins was greater than that of myofibrillar proteins during early premolt (1.4:1, soluble:myofibrillar), but the two were equivalent during late premolt. By contrast, Gl-Mstn mRNA increased 3-fold and Gl-CalpT mRNA decreased 40% in unweighted thoracic muscle; there was little or no effect on Gl-EF-2, Gl-EcR, and Gl-RXR mRNA levels. These data indicate that Gl-Mstn expression is negatively regulated by both ecdysteroids and load-bearing contractile activity. The downregulation of Gl-Mstn in claw muscle may induce the elevated protein turnover associated with remodeling of the contractile apparatus during molt-induced atrophy. The upregulation of Gl-Mstn in unweighted thoracic muscle suggests that this factor is also involved in disuse atrophy when hemolymph ecdysteroid levels are low.
A Generalized Model of Electrically Actuated, Microbeam-Based MEMS Devices (2003)

We present a model of electrically actuated microbeam-based MEMS devices incorporating the nonlinearities associated with moderately large displacements and electric forces. The model can handle any capacitor configuration disposing of the complete electrode-overlapping (parallel-plate theory) restriction. The boundary-value problem describing the static deflection of the microbeam under the electrostatic loading is solved numerically. The eigenvalue problem describing the vibration of the microbeam around its statically deflected position is solved numerically for the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Results generated by our model for the parallel-plate case are in agreement with published results. Our results show that the underlying assumptions of the closed-form formula of the parallelplate case underestimates the electrostatic force and leads to an overestimation of the pull-in voltage. The model provides an analytical tool to predict the static and dynamic response of any electrically actuated MEMS device based on clamped-clamped microbeams.
Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Signaling in Compatible and Non-Compatible Plant–Pathogen Interactions in Arabidopsis (2023)

The chemical diversity of sphingolipids in plants allows the assignment of specific roles to special molecular species. These roles include NaCl receptors for glycosylinositolphosphoceramides or second messengers for long-chain bases (LCBs), free or in their acylated forms. Such signaling function has been associated with plant immunity, with an apparent connection to mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work used in planta assays with mutants and fumonisin B1 (FB1) to generate varying levels of endogenous sphingolipids. This was complemented with in planta pathogenicity tests using virulent and avirulent <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> strains. Our results indicate that the surge of specific free LCBs and ceramides induced by FB1 or an avirulent strain trigger a biphasic ROS production. The first transient phase is partially produced by NADPH oxidase, and the second is sustained and is related to programmed cell death. MPK6 acts downstream of LCB buildup and upstream of late ROS and is required to selectively inhibit the growth of the avirulent but not the virulent strain. Altogether, these results provide evidence that a LCB- MPK6- ROS signaling pathway contributes differentially to the two forms of immunity described in plants, upregulating the defense scheme of a non-compatible interaction.
Periodontal Pathogens and Preterm Birth: Current Knowledge and Further Interventions (2021)

Preterm labor is defined as a birth before 37 weeks of gestation and occurs in 5-20% of pregnancies. Preterm labor, as multifactorial entity associated with a high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, is influenced by maternal, fetal and environmental factors. Microbiological studies suggest that infectious pathogens may account for 25-40% of preterm birth. Infections of different sites, like genital, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, are linked to the preterm labor. The most recent epidemiological studies consistently report that maternal periodontal disease is associated with preterm delivery, as well as the association between the presence of pathogenic oral bacteria in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, some previously published papers found periodontal bacteria in placentas of term pregnancies. In spite of a huge research done on the topic, both experimental and clinical, there are many controversial opinions about the role of periodontal infections in preterm birth. Thus, this comprehensive review addresses this very important topic and evaluates novel strategies of preventive and therapeutic approaches.
The Instability of Slow, Immiscible, Viscous Liquid-Liquid Displacements in Permeable Media (1959)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 188–194. Introduction The purposes of this paper are to present theoretical and experimental evidence for occurrence of macroscopic instabilities in displacement of one viscous fluid by another immiscible with it through a uniform porous medium and to compare available experimental data with some predictions of a theory of instability developed by the first author. The instabilities are referred to as macroscopic in the sense that spatially quasi-sinusoidal, growing fingers of the displacing liquid are formed, the width and peak-to-peak separation (wavelength) of which is large relative to a characteristic length of the particular permeable medium such as grain size. Visual models of two kinds have been used to obtain observations: displacement of oil by water-glycerine solutions through the flow channel formed by closely spaced parallel plates and displacement of oil by water with and without initial interstitial water through unconsolidated glass powder packs, employing the technique of matching indices of refraction. In all cases we have observed macroscopic instabilities or fingers under conditions predicted by the theory to be favorable for their occurrence. The phenomenon discussed here is not the production of streamers due to gross inhomogeneities such as permeability stratification of the porous medium.It is our object to show, on the contrary, that a quantitative prediction of finger spacing is possible in a porous medium known to be macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic throughout. The importance of the phenomenon in its influence on the configuration of oil and water with respect to oil production behavior was noted earlier by Engelberts and Klinkenberg who coined the term "viscous fingering". Theory Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Instability and Initial Kinematics There are several levels of increasing complexity in the theoretical description of instability of fluid displacements in permeable media. Of these, the simplest description, adapted to low permeability systems, is selected for presentation. More inclusive descriptions are reserved for separate publication.