gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer X-ray refractive nano-lenses fabricated by additive technology (2017)

The present work demonstrates the potential applicability of additive manufacturing to X-Ray refractive nano-lenses. A compound refractive lens with a radius of 5 µm was produced by the two-photon polymerization induced lithography. It was successfully tested at the X-ray microfocus laboratory source and a focal spot of 5 μm was measured. An amorphous nature of polymer material combined with the potential of additive technologies may result in a significantly enhanced focusing performance compared to the best examples of modern X-ray compound refractive lenses.
Diversified Applications of Chemically Modified 1,2‐Polybutadiene (2011)

Commercially available 1,2-PB was transformed into a well-defined reactive intermediate by quantitative bromination. The brominated polymer was used as a polyfunctional macroinitiator for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline to yield a water-soluble brush polymer. Nucleophilic substitution of bromide by 1-methyl imidazole resulted in the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymers consisting of mixed units of imidazolium, bromo, and double bond. These copolymers, which were soluble in water without forming aggregates, were used as stabilizers in the heterophase polymerization of styrene and were also studied for their ionic conducting properties.
Photosynthesis Gas Exchange System with Internal CO2 Directly Measured (2011)

In this study, a leaf gas exchange system was constructed and tested over an extended range of external CO2 concentrations (ca) while the concentration inside the leaves (ci) was directly and continuously determined. For ca, an infrared analyzer was used to compare ca with a reference gas at concentrations as high as 50,000 μmol•mol−1. For ci, a glass cup sealed to the abaxial leaf surface equilibrated with internal CO2, and the gas was circulated to another infrared analyzer. When stomata were open in the light in a sunflower (Helanthus annuus L.) leaf, ci was about 275 μmol•mol−1 in ca of 400 μmol•mol−1. If stomata closed in the dark, ci increased until it exceeded ca but in the light the reverse occurred and ci decreased to only 60 μmol•mol−1. When ca increased in light, stomata began to close but ci could be increased to 50,000 μmol•mol−1, overcoming the closure. But inward CO2 diffusion was further inhibited by water vapor diffusing outward. The inhibition agreed with theoretical calculations of von Caemmerer and Farquhar (1981). The system expanded the CO2 concentrations at which CO2 fixation could be measured while avoiding complications from calculating ci when stomata close.
Investigations on organic fungicides: V. Chemical constitution and fungistatic activity of aliphatic bisdithiocarbamates and isothiocyanates (1951)

Abstract In this paper, the investigations on the relations of structure to antifungal activity of sulphur compounds described in the previous publication of this series are extended to bisdithiocarbamates and isothiocyanates. The most active sulphur fungicide described in the literature so far, disodium ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, is surpassed by a new fungicide mentioned below, viz. ethylene diisothiocyanate. It is suggested that the antifungal action of bisdithiocarbamates is primarily attributable to the formation in situ of the corresponding diisothiocyanates.
Robots Assembling Machines: Learning from the World Robot Summit 2018 Assembly Challenge (2019)

The Industrial Assembly Challenge at the World Robot Summit was held in 2018 to showcase the state-of-the-art of autonomous manufacturing systems. The challenge included various tasks, such as bin picking, kitting, and assembly of standard industrial parts into 2D and 3D assemblies. Some of the tasks were only revealed at the competition itself, representing the challenge of "level 5" automation, i. e., programming and setting up an autonomous assembly system in less than one day. We conducted a survey among the teams that participated in the challenge and investigated aspects such as team composition, development costs, system setups as well as the teams' strategies and approaches. An analysis of the survey results reveals that the competitors have been in two camps: those constructing conventional robotic work cells with off-the-shelf tools, and teams who mostly relied on custom-made end effectors and novel software approaches in combination with collaborative robots. While both camps performed reasonably well, the winning team chose a middle ground in between, combining the efficiency of established play-back programming with the autonomy gained by CAD-based object detection and force control for assembly operations.
Supplementary Data from The ETS Inhibitors YK-4-279 and TK-216 Are Novel Antilymphoma Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials (figures and table legends)&lt;/p&gt;
Dysarthric Speech Classification Using Glottal Features Computed from Non-words, Words and Sentences (2018)

Dysarthria is a neuro-motor disorder resulting from the disruption of normal activity in speech production leading to slow, slurred and imprecise (low intelligible) speech. Automatic classification of dysarthria from speech can be used as a potential clinical tool in medical treatment. This paper examines the effectiveness of glottal source parameters in dysarthric speech classification from three categories of speech signals, namely non-words, words and sentences. In addition to the glottal parameters, two sets of acoustic parameters extracted by the openSMILE toolkit are used as baseline features. A dysarthric speech classification system is proposed by training support vector machines (SVMs) using features extracted from speech utterances and their labels indicating dysarthria/healthy. Classification accuracy results indicate that the glottal parameters contain discriminating information required for the identification of dysarthria. Additionally, the complementary nature of the glottal parameters is demonstrated when these parameters, in combination with the openSMILE-based acoustic features, result in improved classification accuracy. Analysis of classification accuracies of the glottal and openSMILE features for non-words, words and sentences is carried out. Results indicate that in terms of classification accuracy the word level is best suited in identifying the presence of dysarthria.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Meniscal Repair Systems (2005)

Standard vertical mattress sutures provided superior fixation during cyclic loading compared with the 2 all-inside methods of suture fixation, suggesting a potential for better meniscal lesion healing with vertical mattress sutures when confronted with the stresses associated with early, progressive rehabilitation activities. Stronger sutures and less meniscal segment purchase in tears located 3 to 4 mm from the periphery may contribute to the failure of the Viper repair system.
Facile fabrication of antibacterial and antiviral perhydrolase-polydopamine composite coatings (2021)

In situ generation of antibacterial and antiviral agents by harnessing the catalytic activity of enzymes on surfaces provides an effective eco-friendly approach for disinfection. The perhydrolase (AcT) from Mycobacterium smegmatis catalyzes the perhydrolysis of acetate esters to generate the potent disinfectant, peracetic acid (PAA). In the presence of AcT and its two substrates, propylene glycol diacetate and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, sufficient and continuous PAA is generated over an extended time to kill a wide range of bacteria with the enzyme dissolved in aqueous buffer. For extended self-disinfection, however, active and stable AcT bound onto or incorporated into a surface coating is necessary. In the current study, an active, stable and reusable AcT-based coating was developed by incorporating AcT into a polydopamine (PDA) matrix in a single step, thereby forming a biocatalytic composite onto a variety of surfaces. The resulting AcT-PDA composite coatings on glass, metal and epoxy surfaces yielded up to 7-log reduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when in contact with the biocatalytic coating. This composite coating also possessed potent antiviral activity, and dramatically reduced the infectivity of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus within minutes. The single-step approach enables rapid and facile fabrication of enzyme-based disinfectant composite coatings with high activity and stability, which enables reuse following surface washing. As a result, this enzyme-polymer composite technique may serve as a general strategy for preparing antibacterial and antiviral surfaces for applications in health care and common infrastructure safety, such as in schools, the workplace, transportation, etc.
Reticular drusen in eyes with high-risk characteristics for progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration (2015)

<h3>Background/aims</h3> To analyse appearance, development over 2 years and characteristic patterns of reticular drusen (RDR) in eyes with high-risk characteristics for progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (age-related eye disease study stages 3 and 4). <h3>Methods</h3> 98 eyes of 98 patients (median age 73.4 years, IQR [69–78]) participating in the Molecular Diagnostic of Age-related Macular Degeneration study were included. Simultaneous combined confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging as well as colour-fundus imaging was performed at baseline and at 24 months. Two independent graders determined the presence of different RDR phenotypes (cSLO modalities: ‘dot’, ‘target’, ‘ribbon’; SD-OCT: ‘spike’ and ‘wave’) at both visits. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, RDR were detected in 44% (κ 0.96). They were always visible in near-infrared reflectance images. Detection rate was 42% using fundus autofluorescence (FAF), 39% on SD-OCT (waves: 100%; spikes: 90%) and 26% on blue reflectance (BR). ‘Dots’ were more frequently detected in all imaging compared with ‘targets’. The ‘ribbon’ pattern was most frequently observed in colour images, BR images and FAF images. In 8 of the 48 eyes with no signs of RDR in any imaging modality at baseline, the development of RDR lesions was observed at 24 months (16.6%, κ 0.42). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Careful and meticulous analysis using three-dimensional in vivo imaging reveals distinct characteristic RDR patterns underlying detectable dynamic changes over a period of 2 years. RDR in eyes with early or intermediate AMD are a common observation but appear to be overall less common compared with eyes with geographic atrophy.
LRBA is essential for urinary concentration and body water homeostasis (2022)

Protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in renal collecting ducts to reabsorb water from urine for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis. More than 50 functionally distinct PKA-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) respectively create compartmentalized PKA signaling to determine the substrate specificity of PKA. Identification of an AKAP responsible for AQP2 phosphorylation is an essential step toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of urinary concentration. PKA activation by several compounds is a novel screening strategy to uncover PKA substrates whose phosphorylation levels were nearly perfectly correlated with that of AQP2. The leading candidate in this assay proved to be an AKAP termed lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA). We found that LRBA colocalized with AQP2 in vivo, and <i>Lrba</i> knockout mice displayed a polyuric phenotype with severely impaired AQP2 phosphorylation. Most of the PKA substrates other than AQP2 were adequately phosphorylated by PKA in the absence of LRBA, demonstrating that LRBA-anchored PKA preferentially phosphorylated AQP2 in renal collecting ducts. Furthermore, the LRBA-PKA interaction, rather than other AKAP-PKA interactions, was robustly dissociated by PKA activation. AKAP-PKA interaction inhibitors have attracted attention for their ability to directly phosphorylate AQP2. Therefore, the LRBA-PKA interaction is a promising drug target for the development of anti-aquaretics.
Predicting user intentions in graphical user interfaces using implicit disambiguation (2001)

We address the problem of predicting user intentions in cases of pointing ambiguities in graphical user interfaces.We argue that it is possible to heuristically resolve pointing ambiguities using implicit information that resides in natural pointing gestures, thus eliminating the need for explicit interaction methods and encouraging natural human-computer interaction.We present two speed-accuracy measures for predicting the size of the intended target object. These two measures are tested empirically and shown to be valid and robust.Additionally, we demonstrate the use of exact mouse location for disambiguation and the use of estimated movement continuation for predicting intended target objects at early stages of the pointing gesture.
Parallel processing architectures for image processing systems (1995)

Recent image processing systems are exploiting available high computing throughputs in parallel processing architectures. Algorithms are becoming more adaptive to specific clutter and scene content. Data dependencies are being used for more robust operation. This, in turn, increases the number of compute operations required per pixel or image frame. This paper describes the relationships between key enablers that meet system performance, density, and program requirements. Specifically, it addresses advances in processing element throughput and parallel processing technology for meeting system timelines and use of COTS technology for meeting program cost and schedule requirements.
A two-dimensional architecture for end-to-end resource management in virtual network environments (2012)

In recent years, various network virtualization techniques have been proposed for flexibly supporting heterogeneous services over virtual network platforms. However, systematic views on how virtual network resources (VNRs) can be practically managed in such open environments has been missing till now. To fill the gap, we present in this article a two-dimensional architecture for end-to-end VNR management from distinct viewpoints of service providers and network providers. The horizontal dimension of VNR management allows SPs to bind VNRs rented from heterogeneous NPs to form unified end-to-end service delivery platforms. The vertical dimension of VNR management enables NPs to perform cost-efficient allocation of VNRs to requesting SPs, but without necessarily forcing themselves to collaborate with each other. Such a VNR management architecture will complement existing network virtualization platforms in accelerating the realization of virtual resource sharing in the future Internet business marketplaces.
Distributed kernel least squares for nonlinear regression applied to sensor networks (2016)

In this paper, we address the task of distributed nonlinear regression. For this, we exploit kernel methods which can cope with nonlinear regression tasks and a consensus-based approach to derive a distributed scheme. Both techniques are combined and a distributed kernel-based least squares algorithm for nonlinear function regression is proposed. We apply our algorithm to sensor networks and the distributed estimation of diffusion fields which are known to be highly nonlinear. Performance evaluations regarding static and time-varying fields with multiple sources and arbitrary network topologies are provided showing a successful reconstruction. For the tracking of time-varying fields our proposed algorithm outperforms the state of the art.
Zidovudine Compared With Didanosine in Patients With Advanced HIV Type I Infection and Little or No Previous Experience With Zidovudine (1995)

<h3>Background:</h3> We conducted a trial to compare treatment with zidovudine or didanosine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who had received little or no previous therapy with zidovudine. <h3>Methods:</h3> Six hundred seventeen patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), advanced AIDS-related complex (CD4 cell count, ≤0.30× 10<sup>9</sup>/L [300/μL]), or asymptomatic HIV (CD4 cell count, ≤0.20× 10<sup>9</sup>/L) received zidovudine, 500 mg/d of didanosine, or 750 mg/d of didanosine in a randomized, double-blind allocation, with cross-over to alternative medication after development of an end point or serious toxic effect. To be eligible, patients must have received either no or up to 16 weeks of zidovudine therapy before entry into the study. Primary end points were development of a new AIDS-defining event or death. Secondary clinical end points were new or recurrent AIDS-defining events, or death, and survival. <h3>Results:</h3> In the study as a whole, there were no differences in the relative risks (RRs) of the development of end points between treatment groups. However, there was a strong interaction between the relative efficacies of zidovudine and didanosine and previous experience with zidovudine. Among 380 patients with no previous zidovudine therapy, zidovudine was more effective than 750 mg/d of didanosine (RR, 1.43; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.00), with a similar trend for zidovudine compared with 500 mg/d of didanosine (RR, 1.21; 90% CI, 0.86 to 1.71). However, among 118 patients with more than 8 weeks but no more than 16 weeks of previous zidovudine therapy, 500 mg/d of didanosine was more effective than zidovudine (RR, 0.48; 90% CI, 0.27 to 0.86); there was a similar trend for increased effectiveness of 750 mg/d of didanosine compared with zidovudine (RR, 0.61; 90% CI, 0.36 to 1.03). Among 119 patients who had some but no more than 8 weeks of previous zidovudine therapy, there were no significant differences among the treatment arms. Similar findings were noted in the analysis of the two secondary clinical end points. No significant differences were found in efficacy between the groups receiving 500 and 750 mg/d of didanosine. The major toxic effect associated with zidovudine was hematopoietic (granulocytopenia) and that associated with didanosine was pancreatitis (dosage, 750 mg/d). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> In patients with advanced HIV disease, zidovudine appears to be more effective than didanosine as initial therapy; however, some patients with advanced HIV disease may benefit from a change to didanosine therapy after as little as 8 to 16 weeks of therapy with zidovudine. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:961-974)
Sequential Q-Switching of Vibration-Rotation Transitions in the CO2 Gas Laser (1968)

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Dynamically Cross-Linked Tannin as a Reinforcement of Polypropylene and UV Protection Properties (2019)

Tannins were used as reinforcing components for polypropylene with anti-UV properties via dynamic curing extrusion. The influence of cross-linked tannins in different weight fraction and their anti-UV capacity on morphological, mechanical, rheological, crystallize and thermal properties were studied. The experimental results indicated that the cross-linked tannins improve Young's modulus, crystallinity, and thermal stability and reinforce the internal network of polypropylene. After UV accelerated weathering, polypropylene had fewer surface cracks, lower carbonyl index, fewer crystallinity decreases and less mechanical properties loss with increasing tannin content.
Bio-Oil Production from Prosopis juliflora via Microwave Pyrolysis (2015)

Microwave pyrolysis is an efficient technique to valorize the abundantly available Prosopis juliflora (PJF) biomass into fuel intermediates. In this study, the effects of microwave power, susceptor, PJF particle size, PJF to susceptor mass ratio, and initial mass of PJF on bio-oil, gas, and char yields, composition of bio-oil, and energy recovery in bio-oil and char were evaluated. Five different susceptors, namely, graphite, char, aluminum, silicon carbide, and fly ash, an industry waste, were utilized. A high bio-oil yield of 40 wt % with a heating value of 26 MJ kg–1 was achieved with fly ash at a microwave power of 560 W, PJF particle size of 2–4 mm, and PJF (50 g)/fly ash composition of 100:1 (wt/wt). The bio-oil contained a mixture of phenolic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclopentanones, carboxylic acids, ketones, and furan derivatives. Nearly 51% deoxygenation of PJF was achieved with an atomic O/C ratio of 0.24 in bio-oil. This work demonstrates that the yield and quality of bio-oil are dependent on key parameters such as microwave power, biomass particle size/composition, and type of susceptor.
Electrical characterization of a 1200V GaN HEMT at cryogenic temperatures (2022)

Abstract The cryogenic operation of power converters integrated with the superconducting electric machines can leverage the lower parasitic, lower core material, and insulation requirement to reduce weight and increase power density in aerospace applications. To that end, Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor (GaN HEMT) has recently proven to be the most viable option for the cryogenic converter operation. However, the topology selection and optimization are greatly influenced by the current/voltage rating of the power devices. Although series connected HEMTs can increase the blocking voltage, the dynamic voltage imbalance issue stemming from device parameter fluctuations, the larger number of required isolated gate driver makes the need for single high blocking voltage devices more compelling. This is even more pronounced in GaN due to its higher operating frequency which stems from the lower input capacitance. Although 900V cascode GaN HEMTs are now commercially available, single-chip high voltage HEMTs are attractive due to their zero reverse recovery charge, and lower package bonding parasitics. In this paper, a 1200V enhancement-mode GaN HEMT from GaNPower International has been characterized at cryogenic temperature. A 63% decrease has been demonstrated in the on-resistance, R ds(on) from room temperature to -150°C. The threshold voltage shows a 1.2x increase from room temperature to cryogenic temperature (-178°C). The transconductance (G fs ) shows a 1.34x increase for a temperature difference of 175°C. The results translate to a lower conduction loss and a faster switching speed and unfold further possibility of GaN in cryogenic converter applications.
K computer: 8.162 PetaFLOPS massively parallel scalar supercomputer built with over 548k cores (2012)

Many high-performance CPUs employ a multicore architecture with a moderate clock frequency and wide instruction issue, including SIMD extensions, to achieve high performance while retaining a practical power consumption. As demand for supercomputer performance grows faster than the rate that improvements are made to CPU performance, the total number of cores of high-end supercomputers has increased tremendously. Efficient handling of large numbers of cores is a key aspect in the design of supercomputers. Building a supercomputer with lower power consumption and significant reliability is also important from the viewpoints of cost and availability.