gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical–Gravity–Thermal Diffusion Equilibrium in Two-Phase Non-isothermal Petroleum Reservoirs (2016)

The initial state of hydrocarbon mixtures in petroleum reservoirs is the result of equilibrium among several forces, the most important of which are the chemical forces arising from chemical potential gradients of the molecular species in the petroleum accumulation, the gravitational force arising from the gravitational acceleration, and the thermal diffusion forces arising from temperature gradients. The equilibrium among these forces determines the state of pressure and a compositional gradient and the creation of a gas–oil contact (GOC) in a stationary reservoir along with the changes in other physical properties. Accurate modeling of these changes in the development of a proper stationary model for the reservoir simulation initialization leads to more realistic predictions of the future behavior of petroleum reservoirs. This is important especially when phase behavior is important in designing, modeling, and predicting the performance of the processes used to maximize the oil recovery, such as in dealing with a gas condensate reservoir or when miscible displacement is to be done in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) stage of the reservoir life. In this study, we consider the equilibrium among chemical, gravitational and thermal diffusion forces to predict the changes in reservoir fluid composition and pressure and also to predict the location of a possible GOC in a reservoir. Additionally, we develop a simple model to predict the change of the plus-fraction molecular weight (MW) in a non-isothermal reservoir using continuous thermodynamics and the theory of irreversible processes. We propose a method not only to tune the equation of state (EOS) versus the measured PVT lab data for one fluid sample but also to accurately model the depths of the GOC and other fluid samples and their PVT lab data in order to determine which sample is representative of the reservoir fluid and also to develop an EOS model that can work for every fluid in the reservoir, not just a single point. In two case studies, we validate our calculation procedure for the general compositional gradient, GOC detection, and the plus-fraction MW change in the reservoir against two data sets from the literature. The computational results show that the model developed works satisfactorily to predict the fluid changes in these two reservoirs. Subsequently, we also report the results of a series of sensitivity analysis tests to show the factors affecting the compositional gradient calculations and present examples of abnormal fluid distributions in a hydrocarbon fluid column where the fluid becomes denser toward the top of the column or the changes in fluid properties are highly nonlinear with respect to depth in the reservoir.
A sensitive and specific two-site enzyme-immunoassay for human calcitonin using monoclonal antibodies (1988)

A highly sensitive, specific and rapid two-site enzyme-immunometric assay (EIA) for the measurement of immunoreactive (ir) human calcitonin (hCT) in human plasma was developed using high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. The assay was validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility and its performance compared with that of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing a polyclonal antiserum. The sensitivity of the overnight EIA (2 pmol/l) was comparable with the long-incubation (7 days) RIA. The overnight RIA had a sensitivity of 10 pmol/l. The inter- and intra-assay variations of the EIA were less than 12%. Some related and non-related peptides were compared with synthetic hCT for cross-reactivity in the assay and were found to be negative. The mean recovery of added synthetic hCT from plasma of normal volunteers was 96%. Both RIA and EIA have been applied to the measurement of ir-hCT in normal volunteers and in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In both groups, the level of ir-hCT measured by EIA was found to be lower than that measured by RIA, presumably due to the ability of the more specific EIA to detect only the 'mature' form of the hormone. EIA offers an attractive alternative to the more cumbersome and lengthy RIA in current usage, with the added advantage of employing a non-isotopic label.
[Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4 (pyz = pyrazine): long-range magnetic ordering in a pseudo-cubic coordination polymer comprised of bridging HF2? and pyrazine ligands (2006)

[Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4 consists of rare mu(1,3) bridging HF2- anions and micro-pyrazine ligands leading to a 3D pseudo-cubic framework that antiferromagnetically orders below 1.54(1) K.
Photoluminescence of GaAs epitaxial layers doped with both sulfur and tin (1986)

This paper presents photoluminescence studies of the behavior of defects in GaAs layers doped with S and Sn. The parameters of the specimens studied are presented. Typical photolumnescence spectra (77 K) for GaAs layers doped with S and Sn are given; all of the spectra obtained contain at least two wide long-wavelength bands and an edge-emission band. The shape of the photoluminescence spectra of GaAs epitaxial films doped with sulfur to free-carrier concentrations n = 4.7.10/sup 18/ and 8.6.10/sup -15/ cm/sup -3/ is depicted. The addition of tin substantially affects the formation of the ensemble of defects in sulfur-doped gallium arsenide.
Electric train heating with diesel locomotives (1977)

With the replacement of steam locomotives by diesel and electric tractors, it was natural to look to electrical energy as a heat source for passenger trains. When substantial parts of the main lines were electrified at 25 kV, the opportunity to change from steam heating to electric heating was taken. To maintain compatibility between electric and diesel locomotives some of the latter were required to be capable of providing a power source for electric train heating. The train-heating-supply systems which became standard are discussed, together with the various means of providing these supplies from a diesel locomotive. As an example of the method generally adopted for British railways, the train-heating installation on one particular type of locomotive is described in some detail, together with some of the practical problems encountered and the solutions adopted to overcome these. As a more recent example, the heating system fitted to British Rail&apos;s new high-speed train is discussed. In conclusion, the paper attempts to indicate likely directions for future developments.
The NADH oxidase activity of the plasma membrane of synaptosomes is a major source of superoxide anion and is inhibited by peroxynitrite (2002)

Plasma membrane vesicles from adult rat brain synaptosomes (PMV) have an ascorbate-dependent NADH oxidase activity of 35-40 nmol/min/(mg protein) at saturation by NADH. NADPH is a much less efficient substrate of this oxidase activity, with a Vmax 10-fold lower than that measured for NADH. Ascorbate-dependent NADH oxidase activity accounts for more than 90% of the total NADH oxidase activity of PMV and, in the absence of NADH and in the presence of 1 mm ascorbate, PMV produce ascorbate free radical (AFR) at a rate of 4.0 +/- 0.5 nmol AFR/min/(mg protein). NADH-dependent *O2- production by PMV occurs with a rate of 35 +/- 3 nmol/min/(mg protein), and is a coreaction product of the NADH oxidase activity, because: (i) it is inhibited by more than 90% by addition of ascorbate oxidase, (ii) it is inhibited by 1 micro g/mL wheat germ agglutinin (a potent inhibitor of the plasma membrane AFR reductase activity), and (iii) the KM(NADH) of the plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity and of NADH-dependent *O2- production are identical. Treatment of PMV with repetitive micromolar ONOO- pulses produced almost complete inhibition of the ascorbate-dependent NADH oxidase and *O2- production, and at 50% inhibition addition of coenzyme Q10 almost completely reverts this inhibition. Cytochrome c stimulated 2.5-fold the plasma membrane NADH oxidase, and pretreatment of PMV with repetitive 10 microm ONOO- pulses lowers the K0.5 for cytochrome c stimulation from 6 +/- 1 (control) to 1.5 +/- 0.5 microm. Thus, the ascorbate-dependent plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity can act as a source of neuronal.O2-, which is up-regulated by cytosolic cytochrome c and down-regulated under chronic oxidative stress conditions producing ONOO-.
Design and Simulation of Heterogeneous Embedded Systems (2000)

Designing, verifying and testing heterogeneous embedded systems will not feasible without the intensive use of design methodologies and supporting computer aided design tools. Requirements Engineering at the beginning of a top down design flow results in formal specifications for the desired system and component behavior and a list of design constraints. These are the basis for documentation as well as for modeling, system simulation, parameterized component design and hardware/software-codesign. Finite element analysis and simulations on various levels of abstraction are necessary to characterize parameterized functions (e.g. sensors and actuators built on different micro technologies and materials) and generate macro models in a bottom up design flow to verify each design step for component integration, system integration, packaging and interconnects, especially dealing with parasitics and cross sensitivities. As an example, several design tasks for a miniaturized (currently the worlds smallest) laser Doppler velocimeter are discussed.
DETERMINATING THE Ma_MISS INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES FOR ORGANICS DETECTION (2021)

International audience
Time-resolved and two-photon emission imaging microscopy of live cells with inert platinum complexes (2008)

This work explores time-resolved emission imaging microscopy (TREM) for noninvasive imaging and mapping of live cells on a hitherto uncharted microsecond time scale. Simple robust molecules for this purpose have long been sought. We have developed highly emissive, synthetically versatile, and photostable platinum(II) complexes that make TREM a practicable reality. [PtLCl], {HL = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene and derivatives}, are charge-neutral, small molecules that have low cytotoxicity and accumulate intracellularly within a remarkably short incubation time of 5 min, apparently under diffusion control. Their microsecond lifetimes and emission quantum yields of up to 70% are exceptionally high for transition metal complexes and permit the application of TREM to be demonstrated in a range of live cell types-normal human dermal fibroblast, neoplastic C8161 and CHO cells. [PtLCl] are thus likely to be suitable emission labels for any eukaryotic cell types. The high photostability of [PtLCl] under intense prolonged irradiation has allowed the development of tissue-friendly NIR two-photon excitation (TPE) in conjunction with transition metal complexes in live cells. A combination of confocal one-photon excitation, nonlinear TPE, and microsecond time-resolved imaging has revealed (i) preferential localization of the complexes to intracellular nucleic acid structures, in particular the nucleoli and (ii) the possibility of measuring intracellular emission lifetimes in the microsecond range. The combination of TREM, TPE, and Pt(II) complexes will be a powerful tool for investigating intracellular processes in vivo, because the long lifetimes allow discrimination from autofluorescence and open up the use of commonplace technology.
COSE: combined opportunistic scheduling and encoding strategy for network coding (2007)

Network coding has been shown to be an effective approach to achieve the maximum capacity of multicast networks. In previous works, we proposed a classic queueing model for encoding nodes to investigate the operations of the encoding process. We found in simulation that input queues in this model would increase infinitely due to the absence of synchronization. In order to eliminate the undesirable phenomenon, in this paper, we propose the Combined Opportunistic Scheduling and Encoding (COSE) strategy, in which encoding stages and clearing stages alternate with each other in cycles. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, it is demonstrated that the COSE strategy can obviate the need for synchronization throughout the network while maintaining the good performance of network coding.
Designing Selective Drug-like Molecular Glues for the Glucocorticoid Receptor/14-3-3 Protein–Protein Interaction (2022)

The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that controls a broad range of biological processes and is activated by steroidal glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone or dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids are used to treat a wide variety of conditions, from inflammation to cancer but suffer from a range of side effects that motivate the search for safer GR modulators. GR is also regulated outside the steroid-binding site through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with 14-3-3 adapter proteins. Manipulation of these PPIs will provide insights into noncanonical GR signaling as well as a new level of control over GR activity. We report the first molecular glues that selectively stabilize the 14-3-3/GR PPI using the related nuclear receptor estrogen receptor α (ERα) as a selectivity target to drive design. These 14-3-3/GR PPI stabilizers can be used to dissect noncanonical GR signaling and enable the development of novel atypical GR modulators.
Supplementary Figure 4 from HAb18G/CD147 Promotes pSTAT3-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer Development via CD44s (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 263K, The effects of HAb18G/CD147 promoting pancreatic tumor development are confirmed with pGIPZ and pTRIPZ CD147 shRNA (related to Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;
A double blind placebo controlled study to assess the effect of roflumilast in addition to LABA/LAMA/ICS treatment in COPD patients using novel biomarkers (2014)

Rationale Recently Roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitor, Daxas®, Takeda) has been added as therapeutic option for severe COPD patients. The current study aims to 1) assess the mode of action 2) identify responder type of Roflumilast as add-on to LABA/LAMA/ICS therapy in severe COPD patients. Methods 41 patients were randomized to Roflumilast or placebo. At baseline and after 6m of treatment PFT, exercise tolerance tests (ETT) and functional respiratory imaging (FRI) were performed and patient reported outcomes (PRO) were measured. Results FEV1 did improve by 66±120ml (p=0.01) after Roflumilast as compared to baseline. Response was driven by a subset (n=8) of patients with a change in FEV1 &amp;gt;120ml (= measurement error of FEV1). Responders experienced worse dynamic hyperinflation during exercise at baseline compared to non-responders. FRI indicated regional changes in hyperinflation after Roflumilast leading to an improvement in PFT, PRO and ETT. Conclusions Roflumilast seems to reduce inflammation in the smaller airways resulting in reduced hyperinflation and changing internal airflow distribution (IAD). Changed IAD enhances deposition of LABA/LAMA/ICS leading to clinical improvements. Patients with dynamic hyperinflation tend to benefit from Roflumilast. These findings are relevant because 1) this is the first study to report effects of PDE4 inhibitor on top of ICS/LABA/LAMA; 2) sensitive, image-based endpoints provide insights in the mode of action of anti-inflammatory compounds and a basis for responder phenotyping. The current study provides hypotheses that need to be confirmed in larger clinical trials. This study was funded by Takeda.
Downscaling Daily Wind Speed with Bayesian Deep Learning for Climate Monitoring (2022)

Abstract Wind dynamics are extremely complex and have critical impacts on the level of damage from natural hazards, such as storms and wildfires. In the wake of climate change, wind dynamics are becoming more complex, making the prediction of future wind characteristics a more challenging task. Nevertheless, having long-term projections of some wind characteristics, such as daily wind speed, is crucial for effective monitoring of climate change, and for efficient disaster risk management. Furthermore, accurate projections of wind speed result in optimized generation of wind-based electric power. General Circulation Models (GCMs) provide long-term simulations (often till year 2100 or more) of multiple climate variables. However, simulations from a GCM are at a grid with coarse spatial resolution, rendering them ineffective to resolve and analyze climate change at the local regional level. Spatial downscaling techniques are often used to map such global large-scale simulations to a local small-scale region. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning framework for spatial downscaling, specifically for forecasting the daily average wind speed at a local station level using GCM simulations. Our framework, named Wind Convolutional Neural Networks with Transformers, or WCT for short, consists of multi-head convolutional neural networks, followed by stacked transformers, and an uncertainty quantification component based on Bayesian inference. Experimental results show the suitability of WCT when applied on four wind stations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, United States. Moreover, we use the trained WCT on future GCM simulations to produce local-scale daily wind speed projections up to year 2100.
Ultrasound in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2011)

Formation and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) may lead to rupture resulting in life threatening haemorrhage. Elective treatment of asymptomatic AAA, either as open surgery or endovascular repair, is recommended when the maximum diameter of the aneurysm exceeds 50-55mm or increases rapidly (Brewster et al., 2003), whereas smaller aneurysms are recommended kept under surveillance. Risk factor modification, such as cessation of smoking, treatment of hypertension and pharmaceutical inhibition of inflammation and protease, could reduce growth in aneurysms kept under surveillance (Baxter et al., 2008; Chaikof et al., 2009; Moll et al., 2011). The size and growth of the aneurysm is monitored using different radiological imaging modalities. Imaging is also important during image guided endovascular repair, and in follow-up examinations after treatment. In this chapter, we describe how ultrasound is currently used in management of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and discuss future potential and challenges of ultrasound for assisting in improved clinical management with regard to patient selection, treatment alternatives and follow-up.
Modeling Fixed-Income Securities and Interest Rate Options (2002)

This book teaches the basics of fixed-income securities in a way that, unlike competitive texts, requires a minimum of prerequisites. While other books focus heavily on institutional details of the bond market, all of which could easily be learned “on the job,” Jarrow is more concerned with presenting a coherent theoretical framework for understanding all basic models. His unified approach—the Heath Jarrow Morton model—under which all other models are presented as special cases, enhances understanding while avoiding repetition. The author’s pricing model is widely used in today’s securities industry. In this revised edition, the author has added new chapters to enrich coverage, and has modified the order of chapters slightly to smooth the progression of material from simple to complex. Online material will be available with the text, replacing the diskette included in the first edition; lecture notes for instructors will be available on PowerPoint slides. MathWorks has provided a free online, limited version of the MATLAB’s financial derivatives toolbox, with which users of the book can apply the theory presented in each chapter.
Selective, Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers (2011)

Selective hydrogenolysis of the aromatic carbon-oxygen (C-O) bonds in aryl ethers is an unsolved synthetic problem important for the generation of fuels and chemical feedstocks from biomass and for the liquefaction of coal. Currently, the hydrogenolysis of aromatic C-O bonds requires heterogeneous catalysts that operate at high temperature and pressure and lead to a mixture of products from competing hydrogenolysis of aliphatic C-O bonds and hydrogenation of the arene. Here, we report hydrogenolyses of aromatic C-O bonds in alkyl aryl and diaryl ethers that form exclusively arenes and alcohols. This process is catalyzed by a soluble nickel carbene complex under just 1 bar of hydrogen at temperatures of 80 to 120°C; the relative reactivity of ether substrates scale as Ar-OAr>>Ar-OMe>ArCH(2)-OMe (Ar, Aryl; Me, Methyl). Hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds highlights the potential of this approach for the conversion of refractory aryl ether biopolymers to hydrocarbons.
Cardiac contractility modulation by non-excitatory electrical currents. The new frontier for electrical therapy of heart failure. (2004)

Heart failure (HF) may complicate ischemic heart disease in both its acute and chronic manifestations, representing a prevalent health problem throughout the world. Development of therapies to improve heart function, relieve symptoms, reduce hospitalizations and improve survival is a high priority in cardiovascular medicine. The available pharmacological strategies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists have recently been complemented by new electrical therapy, including implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for "MADIT II" patients and cardiac resynchronization for the 30% of HF patients with concomitant intraventricular conduction delay. The wide variety of available HF medications provides ample evidence that we have not yet succeeded in this effort. Safe and effective inotropic electrical therapy could be a useful addition to our therapeutic armamentarium in an attempt to correct Ca2+ fluxes abnormalities during the cardiac action potential. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) by means of non-excitatory electrical currents delivered during the action potential plateau has been shown to acutely enhance systolic function in humans with HF. Herewith, we report on our preliminary experience with CCM therapy for patients with HF, providing fundamental notions to characterize the rationale of this novel form of therapy. Briefly, CCM therapy appears to be safe and feasible. Proarrhythmic effects of this novel therapy seem unlikely. Preliminary data indicate that CCM gradually and significantly improves systolic performance, symptoms and functional status. The technique would appear to be attractive as an additive treatment for severe HF. Controlled randomized studies are needed to validate this novel concept.