gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding a statin to a combination of ACE inhibitor and ARB normalizes proteinuria in experimental diabetes, which translates into full renoprotection (2010)

The capacity of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors to delay progression of diabetic nephropathy depends on the time at which therapy is started. A multimodal intervention is required to afford renoprotection in overt diabetic nephropathy. Here we assessed the effects of maximal RAS inhibition by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor plus angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) in combination with statin in rats with overt diabetic nephropathy. Uninephrectomized rats made diabetic by streptozotocin were orally treated from 4 (when proteinuria and renal lesions had developed) to 8 mo with vehicle, lisinopril plus candesartan, lisinopril plus candesartan plus rosuvastatin, or rosuvastatin alone. Systolic blood pressure increased in diabetic rats and was significantly lowered by combined therapies. Dual RAS blockade significantly reduced proteinuria compared with vehicle. Addition of statin further lowered proteinuria to control levels. Glomerulosclerosis was ameliorated by RAS inhibitors or statin, and regression was achieved by the addition of statin. Loss of podocytes of diabetic rats was limited by ACE inhibitor plus ARB while normalized by the three drugs. Defective nephrin expression of diabetes was increased by dual RAS blockade or statin and restored by the triple therapy. Tubular damage, interstitial inflammation, and expression of the fibrotic markers transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and phosphorylated Smad 2/3 in tubuli were significantly reduced by the triple regimen. These data suggest a strategy to target proteinuria to try to achieve regression of renal disease in diabetic patients who do not fully benefit from RAS inhibition alone.
Cu2o/Nanocarbon Architectures for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Conversion: Synthetic Aspects and Structure-Property Relationships (2016)

Carbon nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene (either alone, or as building blocks of organized 3-D superstructures), are attracting significant attention as large surface area electrode support materials. Their composites with both inorganic and organic semiconductors represent an interesting class of new functional materials. In the first part of my talk I will briefly focus on the use of electrosynthetic (and photoelectrosynthetic) methods for preparing semiconductors on nanocarbon-modified electrode surfaces. 1,2 I will show how electrodeposition can be used to tune composition, crystal structure, and morphology of the nanocomposites for targeted applications. In the second part of my talk, selected examples will be given for how these electrosynthesized hybrid assemblies can be deployed in photoelectrochemical CO 2 conversion. Given that CO 2 is a greenhouse gas, using sunlight to convert CO 2 to transportation fuel (such as methanol) represents a value-added approach to the simultaneous generation of alternative fuels and environmental remediation of carbon emissions from the continued use of conventional fuels. 3 I will present the controlled synthesis and photoelectrochemical behavior of Cu 2 O/CNT 4 and Cu 2 O/3D graphene composites for the CO 2 reduction application. A carefully designed, multiple-step electrodeposition protocol was developed that ensured homogeneous coating of the CNTs with the Cu 2 O nanocrystals. This enhanced charge transport property for the hybrids resulted in a drastic increase in the photocurrents measured for the CO 2 reduction. In addition to this superior performance, long term photoelectrolysis measurements proved that the Cu 2 O/CNT hybrids were more stable than the oxide alone. Structure property relationships will be shown, which may act as guidelines for the rational design of nanocomposite photoelectrodes. Figure 1. Illustration of the structure of the Cu 2 O/CNT composite and the increasing photocurrent with the increasing CNT-content. [1] C. Janáky and K. Rajeshwar: The Role of (Photo)electrochemistry in the Rational Design of Hybrid Conducting Polymer / Semiconductor Assemblies: From Fundamental Concepts to Practical Applications , Prog Pol Sci, 43 (2015) 396-435 [2] C. Janáky, E. Kecsenovity, K. Rajeshwar: Electrodeposition of Inorganic Oxide/ Nanocarbon Composites: Opportunities and Challenges, ChemElectroChem, 3 (2016) 181-192 [3] G. Ghadimkhani, N. R. De Tacconi, W. Chanmanee, C. Janaky, K. Rajeshwar: Efficient solar photoelectrosynthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide using hybrid CuO/Cu2O semiconductor nanorod arrays, Chem. Commun. 49 (2013) 1297–1299 [4] E. Kecsenovity, B. Endrődi, Z. Pápa, K. Hernádi, K. Rajeshwar, C. Janáky: Decoration of ultralong carbon nanotubes with Cu2O nanocrystals: a hybrid platform for enhanced photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction, J Mater Chem A, 4 (2016) 3139-3147 Figure 1
Characteristics of an improved magnetic-implant guidance system (1995)

The previous companion paper described the motivation, design, and early experiments of a Magnetic Stereotaxis System. The part of the system considered in these papers is a helmet with a roughly cubic array of six superconducting coils used to apply force on small permanent magnet pellets in brain and in brain phantom material. This apparatus will be used to deliver drugs and other therapies directly into deep brain tissues, under control of a computer and fluoroscopic imaging system. Here, we analyze the general stability problems of controlling the currents in the coils for impulsive stepwise motion of the pellet, subject to quench avoidance in the superconducting coils, and in the face of Earnshaw's theorem governing stability in static magnetic fields. We also describe solutions that have been found to the primary difficulties limiting controlled pellet motion in the studies presented in the companion paper.
Compatibility of Bacterial Antagonists ofErwinia amylovorawith Antibiotics Used to Control Fire Blight (1996)

In field experiments, two bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and a streptomycin-resistant mutant of Erwinia herbicola strain C9-1 (C9-lS), were sprayed onto apple blossoms at 30% bloom. Water, streptomycin sulfate, or oxytetracycline were sprayed onto blossoms 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications to determine the effect of these chemicals on the population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S during bloom. Incidences of recovery (the proportion of blossoms supporting detectable bacterial populations) and population sizes of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S on stigmas within individual blossoms were estimated with a dilution plating assay before and after each antibiotic application. Maximum incidences of recovery of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S from blossoms treated subsequently with water ranged from 58 to 100% and 47 to 100%, respectively; average population sizes of both strains were 10 4 to 10 6 CFU/flower. Streptomycin did not reduce the incidence of recovery or the population size of either antagonist. Oxytetracycline applications made 2 and 7 days after the antagonist applications reduced the incidence of recovery by 23 to 58% and also reduced the population size of both P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S by 10- to 100-fold. In contrast, when the first oxytetracycline treatment was delayed to 7 days after the application of the antagonists, only a slight reduction in the incidence of recovery and the population size of either antagonist was observed. The population dynamics of P. fluorescens strain A506 and E. herbicola strain C9-1S, and presumably the degree of protection that they provide, need not be adversely affected by the concomitant usage of chemical antibiotics within the same season. Optimal integration of biological and chemical methods for suppression of fire blight, however, may require that oxytetracycline applications be delayed until after epiphytic populations of antagonists have become established on flowers.
Traffic Flow Dynamics: Data, Models and Simulation (2014)

Traffic Flow Dynamics: Data, Models and Simulation, Martin Treiber and Arne Kesting (translated from German by Christian Thiemann), Springer, 2013. $89.95 (500 pp.). ISBN 978-3-642-32459-8 Buy at Amazon
Dynamically configurable acoustic models for speech recognition (2002)

Senones were introduced to share Hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters at a sub-phonetic level as proposed by Hwang and Huang (1992) and decision trees were incorporated to predict unseen phonetic contexts as suggested by Hwang, Haung and Alleva (1993). We describe two applications of the senonic decision tree in (1) dynamically downsizing a speech recognition system for small platforms and in (2) sharing the Gaussian covariances of continuous density HMMs (CHMMs). We experimented on how to balance different parameters that can offer the best trade off between recognition accuracy and system size. The dynamically downsized system, without retraining, performed even better than the regular Baum-Welch (1972) trained system. The shared covariance model provided as good a performance as the unshared full model and thus gave us the freedom to increase the number of Gaussian means to increase the accuracy of the model. Combining the downsizing and covariance sharing algorithms, a total of 8% error reduction was achieved over the Baum-Welch trained system with approximately the same parameter size.
Predictive torque and flux control of an induction machine fed by an indirect matrix converter with reactive power minimization (2010)

A predictive torque and flux control method for an induction machine fed by an indirect matrix converter is presented in this paper. The control scheme selects the switching state that minimizes the error in the torque and flux predictions according to their reference values and, at the same time, the control scheme is enhanced by including a reactive power minimization strategy with the goal to have unity power factor in the input side of the converter. The control objectives are accomplished by using a prediction horizon of one sample time and a very intuitive control law. The proposed control scheme is validated trough simulation results where is shown that the predictive approach can be implemented simply with a good tracking of the torque and flux to their respective references and input currents with unity power factor.
Data from Chemosensitivity Profiles Identify Polymorphisms in the p53 Network Genes 14-3-3τ and CD44 That Affect Sarcoma Incidence and Survival (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The p53 regulatory network responds to cellular stresses by initiating processes such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These responses inhibit cellular transformation and mediate the response to many forms of cancer therapies. Functional variants in the genes comprising this network could help identify individuals at greater risk for cancer and patients with poorer responses to therapies, but few such variants have been identified as yet. We use the NCI60 human tumor cell line anticancer drug screen in a scan of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 142 p53 stress response genes and identify 7 SNPs that exhibit allelic differences in cellular responses to a large panel of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. The greatest differences are observed for SNPs in &lt;i&gt;14-3-3τ&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;YWHAQ&lt;/i&gt;; rs6734469, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 5.6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−47&lt;/sup&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;CD44&lt;/i&gt; (rs187115, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 8.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−24&lt;/sup&gt;). In soft-tissue sarcoma patients, we find that the alleles of these SNPs that associate with weaker growth responses to chemotherapeutics associate with poorer overall survival (up to 2.89 relative risk, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011) and an earlier age of diagnosis (up to 10.7 years earlier, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). Our findings define genetic markers in &lt;i&gt;14-3-3τ&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CD44&lt;/i&gt; that might improve the treatment and prognosis of soft-tissue sarcomas. Cancer Res; 70(1); 172–80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Residual Stresses in Meta/Ceramic Bonded Strips (1985)

Residual stresses that develop during cooling of a metal/ ceramic strip are calculated analytically. It is shown that the metal may behave elastically or plastically (with full or partial plasticity) depending on the mechanical properties, the thickness of the two constituents, and the mismatch in thermal expansion. Residual stresses are also calculated for a sequence consisting of constrained undercooling, removal of the constraint, and reheating. It is demonstrated that reheating, which results in elastic stress relaxation, may be used to eliminate the residual stress. The optimum undercooling and reheating conditions needed to produce a stress‐free strip, at the operational temperature, are calculated, and specific results are presented for the system Cu/A 2 , O 2 .
Saliva testosterone and cortisol in male depressive syndrome, a community study. The Sudurnesjamenn Study (2014)

Evening saliva testosterone measurements seem the most informative, as they correlate with male depressive syndrome. Simultaneous testing for evening cortisol and evening testosterone levels did not increase specificity for clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder.
Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Technology for Long Duration Space Missions (2014)

The 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Tuscon, Arizona, USA on 13 July 2014 through 17 July 2014.
Efficient high-pass filtering with practical, high-yield X-ray transmission mirror optics (2020)

Although the concept, first demonstration, and potential applications of X-ray transmission mirrors (XTMs) were initially described over 30 years ago, only a few implementations exist in the literature. This is attributed to the unsolved challenge of a thick frame supporting a thin, reflecting membrane which does not itself block the transmitted beam. Here, we introduce a novel approach to solve this problem by employing silicon microfabrication. A robust XTM frame has been fabricated by using a novel two-step etch process, which secures the thin-film membrane without blocking the transmitted beam. Specifically, we have fabricated delicate XTM optics with 90% yield, which consist of 280-nm-thick low-stress silicon nitride membrane windows that are 1.5 mm wide and 125 mm long on silicon substrates. The XTM optics have been demonstrated to be a more efficient high-pass X-ray filter; for example, when configured for 40% transmission of 11.3 keV photons, we measure the reduction of 8.4 keV photons by a factor of 56.
Recent advances in single-asperity nanotribology (2008)

As the size of electronic and mechanical devices shrinks to the nanometre regime, performance begins to be dominated by surface forces. For example, friction, wear and adhesion are known to be central challenges in the design of reliable micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Because of the complexity of the physical and chemical mechanisms underlying atomic-level tribology, it is still not possible to accurately and reliably predict the response when two surfaces come into contact at the nanoscale. Fundamental scientific studies are the means by which these insights may be gained. We review recent advances in the experimental, theoretical and computational studies of nanotribology. In particular, we focus on the latest developments in atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations and their application to the study of single-asperity contact.
Modulation of Prion Formation, Aggregation, and Toxicity by the Actin Cytoskeleton in Yeast (2005)

Self-perpetuating protein aggregates transmit prion diseases in mammals and heritable traits in yeast. De novo prion formation can be induced by transient overproduction of the corresponding prion-forming protein or its prion domain. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast prion protein Sup35 interacts with various proteins of the actin cortical cytoskeleton that are involved in endocytosis. Sup35-derived aggregates, generated in the process of prion induction, are associated with the components of the endocytic/vacuolar pathway. Mutational alterations of the cortical actin cytoskeleton decrease aggregation of overproduced Sup35 and de novo prion induction and increase prion-related toxicity in yeast. Deletion of the gene coding for the actin assembly protein Sla2 is lethal in cells containing the prion isoforms of both Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins simultaneously. Our data are consistent with a model in which cytoskeletal structures provide a scaffold for generation of large aggregates, resembling mammalian aggresomes. These aggregates promote prion formation. Moreover, it appears that the actin cytoskeleton also plays a certain role in counteracting the toxicity of the overproduced potentially aggregating proteins.
Peeling from a biomimetically patterned thin elastic film (2004)

Inspired by the observation that many naturally occurring adhesives arise as texturedthin films, we consider the displacement-controlled peeling of a ﬂexible plate from an incision-patterned thin adhesive elastic layer. We find that crack initiation from an incision on the film occurs at a load much higher than that required to propagate it on a smooth adhesive surface; multiple incisions thus cause the crack to propagate intermittently. Microscopically, this mode of crack initiation and propagation in geometrically confined thin adhesive films is related to the nucleation of cavitation bubbles behind the incision which must grow and coalesce before a viable crack propagates. Our theoretical analysis allows us to rationalize these experimental observations qualitatively and quantitatively and suggests a simple design criterion for increasing the interfacial fracture toughness of adhesive films.
Human urotensin‐II is an endothelium‐dependent vasodilator in rat small arteries (2000)

The possible role of the endothelium in modulating responses to human urotensin-II (U-II) was investigated using isolated segments of rat thoracic aorta, small mesenteric artery, left anterior descending coronary artery and basilar artery. Human U-II was a potent vasoconstrictor of endothelium-intact isolated rat thoracic aorta (EC(50)=3.5+/-1.1 nM, R(max)=103+/-10% of control contraction induced by 60 mM KCl and 1 microM noradrenaline). However the contractile response was not significantly altered by removal of the endothelium or inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis with L-NAME (100 microM). Human U-II did not cause relaxation of noradrenaline-precontracted, endothelium-intact rat aortae. Human U-II contracted endothelium-intact rat isolated left anterior descending coronary arteries (EC(50)=1.3+/-0.8 nM, R(max)=20.1+/-4.9% of control contraction induced by 10 microM 5-HT). The contractile response was significantly enhanced by removal of the endothelium (R(max)=55.4+/-16.1%). Moreover, human U-II caused concentration-dependent relaxation of 5-HT-precontracted arteries, which was abolished by L-NAME or removal of the endothelium. No contractile effects of human U-II were found in rat small mesenteric arteries. However the peptide caused potent, concentration- and endothelium-dependent relaxations of methoxamine-precontracted vessels. The relaxant responses were potentiated by L-NAME (300 microM) but abolished in the additional presence of 25 mM KCl (which inhibits the actions of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor). The present study is the first to show that human U-II is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator in some rat resistance vessels, and acts through release of EDHF as well as nitric oxide. Our findings have also highlighted clear anatomical differences in the responses of different vascular beds to human U-II which are likely to be important in determining the overall cardiovascular activity of this peptide.
ANALYSIS AND SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF PRECAST JOINTED DUCTILE CONNECTIONS (2008)

This paper describes simplified design tools for precast concrete hybrid system/connections developed during the PRESSS (PREcast Seismic Structural Systems) project, where unbonded post-tensioned tendons/bars are adequately combined with longitudinal mild steel or supplemental damping devices. In order to design the hybrid connections, which are subjected to a controlled rocking motion under an earthquake excitation , a section analysis procedure to evaluate the moment-rotation behaviour of the connection has been proposed in literature by the authors, and validated through a series of experimental tests. In this contribution, a parametric analysis on different section profiles is carried out in order to investigate the principal parameters affecting the moment-rotation capacity of hybrid sections. Either structural parameters, i.e. unbonded length of cables/tendons, mild steel, element length and section parameters, i.e. mechanical ratios of unbonded cables/tendons, mild steel, axial ratio have been considered in the parametric studies. On the basis of these results design charts to be used within a simplified design procedure have been developed. Furthermore an approximate closed-form solution for rectangular sections with lumped mild steel reinforcement has been derived and proposed. The two section analysis approaches are then implemented and compared within a worked example of a hybrid structural connection, designed according to a direct displacement-based approach.
Probiotics and Preterm Infants (2020)

More than 10,000 preterm infants have participated in randomised controlled trials on probiotics worldwide, suggesting that probiotics in general could reduce rates of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, and mortality. Answers to relevant clinical questions as to which strain to use, at what dosage, and how long to supplement are, however, not available. On the other hand, an increasing number of commercial products containing probiotics are available from sometimes suboptimal quality. Also, a large number of units around the world are routinely offering probiotic supplementation as the standard of care despite lacking solid evidence. Our recent network meta-analysis identified probiotic strains with greatest efficacy regarding relevant clinical outcomes for preterm neonates. Efficacy in reducing mortality and morbidity was found for only a minority of the studied strains or combinations. In the present position paper, we aim to provide advice, which specific strains might potentially be used and which strains should not be used. In addition, we aim to address safety issues of probiotic supplementation to preterm infants, who have reduced immunological capacities and occasional indwelling catheters. For example, quality reassurance of the probiotic product is essential, probiotic strains should be devoid of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, and local microbiologists should be able to routinely detect probiotic sepsis. Provided all safety issues are met, there is currently a conditional recommendation (with low certainty of evidence) to provide either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 or the combination of Bifidobacterium infantis Bb-02, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 in order to reduce NEC rates.