gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis Peroxisomal Citrate Synthase Is Required for Fatty Acid Respiration and Seed Germination (2005)

We tested the hypothesis that peroxisomal citrate synthase (CSY) is required for carbon transfer from peroxisomes to mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Two genes encoding peroxisomal CSY are expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings, and seeds from plants with both CSY genes disrupted were dormant and did not metabolize triacylglycerol. Germination was achieved by removing the seed coat and supplying sucrose, but the seedlings still did not use triacylglycerol. The mutant seedlings were resistant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, indicating a block in peroxisomal beta-oxidation, and were unable to develop further after transfer to soil. The mutant phenotype was complemented with a cDNA encoding CSY with either its native peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS2) or a heterologous PTS1 sequence from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) malate synthase. These results suggest that peroxisomal CSY in Arabidopsis is not only a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle but also catalyzes an essential step in the respiration of fatty acids. We conclude that citrate is exported from the peroxisome during fatty acid respiration, whereas in yeast, acetylcarnitine is exported.
Superlubricity of Graphite (2004)

Using a home-built frictional force microscope that is able to detect forces in three dimensions with a lateral force resolution down to 15 pN, we have studied the energy dissipation between a tungsten tip sliding over a graphite surface in dry contact. By measuring atomic-scale friction as a function of the rotational angle between two contacting bodies, we show that the origin of the ultralow friction of graphite lies in the incommensurability between rotated graphite layers, an effect proposed under the name of "superlubricity" [Phys. Rev. B 41, 11 837 (1990)]].
A Highly Stereospecific Procedure for the Transformation of Allylic Alcohols into 1,3-Dienes (1979)

Abstract The title synthesis involves (1) epoxidation of allylic alcohols with t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of vanadium catalyst followed by trimethylsilylation, (2) specific oxirane ring opening by means of diethylaluminum 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide and subsequent desilylation producing 3-ene-1,2-diols, and (3) removal of both hydroxyl groups through bromination with a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and copper(I) bromide and the successive zinc debromination. The sequence of reactions has been extended with considerable success to the preparations of β-myrcene from nerol, trans-β-ocimene from geraniol in a specific way, and α and β-farnesenes from their biological precursors. A C12 sex pheromone of red bollworm moth has been prepared efficiently by this method with cyclododecene as a starting material.
시공조건에 따른 심층혼합처리 개량체의 강도에 관한 연구 (2007)

심층혼합처리공법은 항만기초, 토류벽구조, 차수벽 및 가시설, 그리고 거축기초와 교량기초 등에서 다양하게 사용되어오고 있다. 이 공법은 지반개량을 통한 침하방지와 안정성확보를 위한 지반강도를 확보하기 위해 시멘트와 혼화제를 현장토와 혼합하는데 있어서 가장 효율적이고 경제적이어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 교반...
Flow characterization through heat transfer evidence in a carbonate fractured medium: First approach (1993)

Water temperature records at the outlet of a fractured carbonate system during an annual cycle show two types of variation, slow variations over a small range, resulting from the thermal equilibrium between water and rock in the aquifer, and more rapid variations over a wider range, transmitted more quickly due to the inflow of water through fractures or karstic pipes. Starting at the outlet we present first a model of thermal exchange for flow in a conduit, then a model of thermal exchange in a porous medium between the surface and the reservoir. The comparison with the data recorded at Guichy (Nièvre, France) allows us to establish the fact that on this site the vertical flow between the surface and the reservoir is rapid through a fracture network as is the case for the flow at the outlet.
A Comparative Study of Two Novel Nanosized Radiolabeled Analogues of Methionine for SPECT Tumor Imaging (2012)

It has been reported that most tumor cells show an increased uptake of variety of amino acids specially methionine when compared with normal cells and amino acid transport is generally increased in malignant transformation. Based on the evidences, two novel nanosized analogues of methionine (Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer G2, a biodigredabale anionic linear globular-Methionin, and DTPA-Methionine1 conjugates) were synthesized and labeled with 99mTc and used in tumor imaging/ therapy in vitro and in vivo. The results showed marked tumor SPECT molecular imaging liabilities for both compounds but with a better performance by administration of 99mTc-Dendrimer G2-Methionin. The results also showed a good anticancer activity for 99mTc-DTPA-Methionine. Based on the present study 99mTc-Dendrimer G2-Methionin or 99mTc-DTPA-(Methionine)1 have potentials to be used in tumor molecular imaging as well as cancer therapy in future. Keywords: Tumor cells, nanosized, methionine, DTPA, dendrimer G2, SPECT, amino acids, malignant transformation, nanosized analogues, globular-Methion
Four wave mixing in a dispersion decreasing fiber (DDF) for a WDM system (2006)

Numerical investigation of the propagation of ultrashort pulses in the region of 1.55μm and the conversion efficiency for the FWM and modulation instability of ordinary and different dispersion decreasing fibers for WDM systems was studied.
RFID Based Applications in Culture, Media and Creative Industries (2011)

This paper presents two different approaches to visualise information from culture, media and creative industries by using RFID based tracking and identification. Besides the required RFID backend, the paper also introduces the information system built on top of the backend. The first approach is based on passive RFID whereas the second uses active RFID. In particular, the differences in the processing of system events, delivery of needed information and the implemented infrastructure will be discussed and evaluated.
Study on Fusion Mechanisms for Sensitivity Improvement and Measurable Pressure Limit Extension of Pirani Vacuum Gauges With Multi Heat Sinks (2019)

Sensitivity improvement and measurable pressure limit extension of Pirani vacuum gauge are urgent needed for meeting the rapid growing requirements in ultra-low and wide-range pressure applications. However, the adjustable range of measureable pressure of the Pirani vacuum gauge is limited to only several orders of magnitude of vacuum range. In this work, a fusion method was proposed to improve the sensitivity and extend the measurable pressure limit of the wafer-level packaged Pirani gauge for meeting the wider applications. An analytical temperature model was presented for estimating the electrothermal behavior of the suspended micro-heater with multi heat dissipation paths. The results calculated by the model are validated by the test results of Pirani gauges with both three and four heat sinks. The results indicate that the model for Pirani gauge with one heat sink structure will no longer make sense for devices with multi heat sinks. The electrical fusion of the Pirani gauges with these structure parameters extends dynamic range from 1 ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Pa to that of 6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Pa, which generates one more sensitivity peak compared to one single device. The sensitivity peaks are 5.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> K/W/decade and 3.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> K/W/decade around the upper and lower limits, respectively. [2019-0201].
Prediction of Class-Amplifiers with the Aid of Neural Network (2021)

This paper presents a strategy addressing the problem of selection of the class of the amplifiers to be used in future wireless communication systems. The proposed methodology uses a scheme based on neural networks (NN): the characteristics of each class of amplifier (i.e., A, B, AB, C, D, F, G, J, S, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$T$</tex> , etc.) are determined and then the ‘classification NN’ is constructed for distinguishing various classes from each other. To validate the method, firstly the designs of various class-amplifiers are collected from the recently published literature, and then the specifications of the amplifiers are extracted in terms of voltage (V), current (I) and efficiency; finally with these data the classification NN is trained. After building this black-box NN, providing the required specifications of each amplifier, designer are informed about the class of amplifier that is predicated by the classification NN and that better fits the characteristics of the considered application. This methodology is important as it leads the way of amplifier class selection in the complex communication systems.
E-Liquid Autofluorescence can be used as a Marker of Vaping Deposition and Third-Hand Vape Exposure (2020)

In the past 5 years, e-cigarette use has been increasing rapidly, particularly in youth and young adults. Due to the novelty of e-cigarettes (e-cigs) and e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids), research on their chemo-physical properties is still in its infancy. Here, we describe a previously unknown and potentially useful property of e-liquids, namely their autofluorescence. We performed an emission scan at 9 excitation wavelengths common to fluorescent microscopy and found (i) that autofluorescence differs widely between e-liquids, (ii) that e-liquids are most fluorescent in the UV range (between 350 and 405 nm) and (iii) fluorescence intensity wanes as the emission wavelength increases. Furthermore, we used the autofluorescence of e-liquids as a marker for tracking e-cig aerosol deposition in the laboratory. Using linear regression analysis, we were able to quantify the deposition of a "vaped" e-liquid onto hard surfaces. Using this technique, we found that every 70 mL puff of an e-cigarette deposited 0.019% e-liquid (v/v) in a controlled environment. Finally, we vaped a surface in the laboratory and used our method to detect e-cig aerosol third-hand exposure. In conclusion, our data suggest that e-cigarette autofluorescence can be used as a marker of e-cigarette deposition.
Recent ruling on ADA and the value of early intervention. (2002)

Early intervention in a disability case can make all the difference. Two cases of carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace are compared. Frequent communication, good documentation and an inclusive approach that blends medical expertise with objectivity and employer policy are essential.
EQUAL PAY FOR WORK OF EQUAL VALUE: MAKING HUMAN RIGHTS AND EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS LAWS WORK TOGETHER (2004)

This paper backgrounds the policy issues concerning equal pay for work of equal value and offers some thoughts on how human rights and employment rights could work together to ensure pay equity. Renewed interest in pay equity in New Zealand has links to international agendas in that New Zealand has ratified conventions on employment equity for women that are viewed as fundamental rights by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the United Nations. Nevertheless, New Zealand has come under criticism for lack of compliance on “equal pay for work of equal value”. This paper addresses the question of how an effective policy for equal pay for work of equal value could be delivered under our current legislative frameworks.
Dantrolene sodium in traumatic muscle contracture: double-blind clinical and pharmacological trial. (1989)

Thirty athletes with muscular contractures were enrolled in a double-blind study of dantrolene sodium and placebo to evaluate the decontracture activity and tolerance of the drug after eight days of treatment. The efficacy of the drug was assessed by studying pain at rest, during movement, and during pressure, as well as muscular tension and functional recovery. Twenty-eight patients completed the study. At the end of treatment, a decrease in pain was observed at rest (71.4% of patients treated with dantrolene and 21.4% of placebo-treated patients), during movement (78.6% and 35.7%, respectively), and during compression. The most noticeable effects were seen in the reduction of muscular tension (100% in the patients treated with dantrolene sodium and 35.7% in the placebo-treated patients) and in functional recovery (100% and 28%, respectively). In addition to the clinical study, an evaluation of the effects of dantrolene and placebo on overall performance and on the action of the respiratory system was conducted with six healthy subjects by means of basal respiratory measurement and ergospirometry before and after single-dose treatment. This study showed that dantrolene sodium is useful in the treatment of traumatic contracture, and that it does not alter an individual's overall performance. Dantrolene sodium represents a valid treatment to accompany analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and rehabilitation therapy of posttraumatic lesions in athletes.
Living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether, 1. Initiation by hydrogen iodide/tetraalkylammonium salts (1990)

Abstract Addition of hydrogen iodide to isobutyl vinyl ether ( 1 ) yields 1‐(1‐iodoethoxy)‐2‐methylpropane ( 2 ). The cationic polymerization of 1 initiated by 2 /tetraalkylammonium salts (R 4 N + A − ) shows the characterstics of a living polymerization. Different tetraalkylammonium salts were investigated. The coinitiator R 4 N + A − has no effect on the molar mass and the molar mass distribution of the resulting polymers. However, the rate of polymerization depends heavily on the nature and concentration of the coinitiator. The effect of the coinitiator is discussed on the basis of a special salt effect.
La independencia del auditor en la nueva ley (2010)

Una de las principales novedades del Proyecto de Ley de Auditoria, que previsiblemente se apruebe antes del verano, esta orientada al fortalecimiento del principio de independencia del auditor. La nueva norma establecera la obligacion de promover medidas de salvaguarda para detectar, evaluar y, en su caso, eliminar los factores que comprometan su independencia respecto de las entedades a auditar
Crystal structures and ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 and Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 (1999)

Crystal structures of ferroelectric materials of stoichiometric SrBi2Ta2O9 (TC=300 °C) and Sr-deficient-and-Bi-excess Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 (TC=400 °C) were refined by neutron powder diffraction. Bi2O2 layer and TaO6 octahedra are considerably distorted and atomic displacements along the a axis cause ferroelectric spontaneous polarization. In Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9, both Bi substitution and cation vacancies at the Sr site were revealed and a chemical composition of (Sr0.82Bi0.12)Bi2Ta2O9.0 was obtained. The calculated polarization of Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 is larger than that of the stoichiometric sample, which is consistent with observations of remanent polarization in thin-film capacitors. The Bi substitution and the cation vacancies at the Sr site enhance structural distortion in the TaO6 octahedra and lead to the larger ferroelectric spontaneous polarization and the higher Curie temperature.
Inhibition of cytolytic T lymphocyte maturation with ornithine, arginine, and putrescine. (1987)

L-Ornithine was shown to inhibit the development of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Lymphokines were unable to reverse the suppressive effect, and cytotoxic activity was not revealed by coupling ornithine-inhibited MLC cells to target cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). If addition of ornithine to MLC were delayed, sensitivity of CTL to inhibition was reduced after 24 hr and lost by 48 hr. Suppression of CTL development was not due to a toxic effect. MLC washed free of ornithine after 3 days produced detectable cytolytic activity within 24 hr of secondary culture, and to the same degree as the uninhibited MLC control within 48 hr. Cytotoxic cells generated in secondary cultures were Lyt-2+, did not kill the natural killer-sensitive YAC-1 cell line, and were shown to be antigen-specific by virtue of the findings that cytolysis and cold target inhibition were observed only with cells carrying the original, inducing H-2 haplotype. Cytolysis of target cells by normal CTL effector cells was not inhibited by L-ornithine. MLC depleted of accessory cells so that CTL activation was dependent upon addition of lymphokines remained susceptible to inhibition by ornithine. Our findings indicate that in the ornithine-inhibited MLC, CTL precursors undergo clonal expansion, but their maturation is arrested at a precytolytic stage. L-Arginine and putrescine also suppressed generation of CTL in primary MLC, and cells recovered from arginine- and putrescine-inhibited MLC developed control levels of CTL within 48 hr of secondary culture. Inhibition by putrescine was observed in tissue culture medium supplemented with human serum but not with fetal calf serum, presumably due to the presence of diamine oxidase activity in fetal calf serum. Similar to ornithine, the suppressive effects of arginine and putrescine on T lymphocytes were apparently selective for CTL because they did not inhibit mitogen activation with concanavalin A or the production of interleukin 2 and interleukin 3. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of ornithine, arginine, and putrescine are mediated by polyamines, and exerted on the differentiative stage of CTL development.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative disorders in the immunosuppressed patient: The diagnostic utility of in situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus (2002)

We examined the diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the immunosuppressed patient with particular attention to the value of in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER), a test frequently performed on tissue sections in this setting. Six patients with adenopathy were identified: three with prior solid organ transplantation, two with prior bone marrow transplantation, and one with human immunodeficiency virus. Cytologic findings in involved tissues were positive for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in one case, suspicious or atypical in three cases, negative/reactive in one case, and nondiagnostic in one case due to insufficient material. Two aspirates had a polymorphous lymphoid appearance; three showed predominantly monomorphous lymphoid morphology. Retrospectively, 4/4 FNA cell blocks were positive for EBER in a large proportion of atypical lymphoid cells. Together with the cytologic findings, EBER detection allows for more specific classification of these FNA samples as EBV-associated lymphoid proliferations.
Layer 2 over IP/MPLS (2001)

Over the past several years, traditional carriers and Internet service providers (ISPs) have invested billions of dollars deploying high-speed, high-capacity IP networks. This expansion is intended to lay the foundation for a network that could accommodate exponential traffic growth and deliver new revenue-generating services. Traffic from advanced services incorporating elements such as on-demand video, packet voice, wireless communications, and peer-to-peer networking is expected to consume whatever capacity providers can offer while leading to increased opportunities for revenue growth. The advanced services traffic has yet to materialize. An unintentional consequence of this buildout, however, is that ISP networks possess a glut of capacity. At the same time, ISPs are under great pressure to reduce operational and infrastructure costs while attempting to make money and attract customers with new services. One way to achieve both goals is to carry all traffic over a single IP or multiprotocol label-switching (MPLS) network.
Application of Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) to Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation Problems (2014)

In this study, the entropy generation due to the flow of a gravity-driven laminar viscous incompressible fluid through an incline channel is investigated. Fully developed flow field is solved for a Newtonian fluid. Then, the temperature field is numerically resolved using Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) subject to isothermal boundary conditions on the walls and constant rectangular profile at the inlet. The result of DQM is compared to analytical solution and method of lines (MOL) numerical method. Rate of entropy generation is found and its relation with temperature and velocity field is examined.
10ps optoelectronic sampling system (1978)

Mode-locked laser pulses of less than 10 ps duration are used to switch electrical gates made from microstrip line on high-resistivity silicon, in 10 ps. These gates can generate steps and pulses of around 100 V with 10 ps rise and fall times. Sampling can also be accomplished with a 10 ps aperture. By combining a group of such gates, along with the generation of appropriate laser pulses and timing signals, a sampling system is formed. Simple time-domain reflectometry measurements are made to demonstrate the system and to show that practical transitions to these gates can be made for signals at least up to 35 GHz.
Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, and osteoarthritis: An international viewpoint on the current knowledge and future research priorities (2018)

Imaging is increasingly used in the routine management of rheumatic diseases as well as in the clinical trials of these disorders. This viewpoint, authored by a group of international imaging experts following two meetings dedicated to imaging in rheumatology, reports a consensus about the current knowledge and addresses where further research should be focused based on the views of the international imaging experts and discussion of the evidence with attending imaging practitioners. The goal was to maximize the potential of imaging to improve the clinical management of four rheumatic diseases. These rheumatic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, and osteoarthritis.
Stress relief (2012)

The use of 3D printing has rapidly expanded in the past couple of years. It is now possible to produce 3D-printed objects with exceptionally high fidelity and precision. However, although the quality of 3D printing has improved, both the time to print and the material costs have remained high. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a printed model is structurally sound. The printed product often does not survive cleaning, transportation, or handling, or it may even collapse under its own weight. We present a system that addresses this issue by providing automatic detection and correction of the problematic cases. The structural problems are detected by combining a lightweight structural analysis solver with 3D medial axis approximations. After areas with high structural stress are found, the model is corrected by combining three approaches: hollowing, thickening, and strut insertion. Both detection and correction steps are repeated until the problems have been eliminated. Our process is designed to create a model that is visually similar to the original model but possessing greater structural integrity.
Should Proton Pump Inhibitors be Systematically Prescribed in Patients With Esophageal Atresia After Surgical Repair? (2019)

PPI treatment does not prevent the formation of anastomotic strictures and appears to be over-prescribed in children with airway symptoms because of tracheomalacia. This suggests that PPI treatment could be prescribed more selectively. Close monitoring and long-term follow-up, however, of these vulnerable patients in specialized multidisciplinary clinics is imperative.