gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Sensitivity of Insulin-resistant Adipocytes to Vanadate Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Decreased Reduction of Vanadate (+5) to Vanadyl (+4) (2001)

Vanadate (sodium orthovanadate), an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), mimics many of the metabolic actions of insulin in vitro and in vivo. The potential of vanadate to stimulate glucose transport independent of the early steps in insulin signaling prompted us to test its effectiveness in an in vitro model of insulin resistance. In primary rat adipocytes cultured for 18 h in the presence of high glucose (15 mm) and insulin (10(-7) m), sensitivity to insulin-stimulated glucose transport was decreased. In contrast, there was a paradoxical enhanced sensitivity to vanadate of the insulin-resistant cells (EC(50) for control, 325 +/- 7.5 microm; EC(50) for insulin-resistant, 171 +/- 32 microm; p < 0.002). Enhanced sensitivity was also present for vanadate stimulation of insulin receptor kinase activity and autophosphorylation and Akt/protein kinase B Ser-473 phosphorylation consistent with more effective PTP inhibition in the resistant cells. Investigation of this phenomenon revealed that 1) depletion of GSH with buthionine sulfoximine reproduced the enhanced sensitivity to vanadate while preincubation of resistant cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented it, 2) intracellular GSH was decreased in resistant cells and normalized by NAC, 3) exposure to high glucose and insulin induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, which was prevented by NAC, 4) EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy showed a decreased amount of vanadyl (+4) in resistant and buthionine sulfoximine-treated cells, which correlated with decreased GSH and increased vanadate sensitivity, while total vanadium uptake was not altered, and 5) inhibition of recombinant PTP1B in vitro was more sensitive to vanadate (+5) than vanadyl (+4). In conclusion, the paradoxical increased sensitivity to vanadate in hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistant adipocytes is due to oxidative stress and decreased reduction of vanadate (+5) to vanadyl (+4). Thus, sensitivity of PTP inhibition and glucose transport to vanadate is regulated by cellular redox state.
Construction of conditional lod tables from multiple‐locus linkage data (1985)

Although multipoint linkage data are becoming quite common, economical and efficient methods for presenting these data are not yet in use. Tables giving the full likelihood function would be very voluminous, whereas reduction to standard lods destroys part of the information. We suggest a special lod table representation which preserves nearly all the information about both gene order and genetic map distance at a great reduction in data presented. Conditional lods, coined "c-lods" to distinguish them clearly from ordinary lods, are calculated for distances between each adjacent pair of loci, with all distances among other loci in the system conditionally optimized. Thus, in an n-locus system, conditional lods are presented for the n - 1 adjacent pairs of loci only. The principal reason for reporting lod scores is the potential for combining data from separate studies to reach conclusive evidence for linkage and gene order. Because estimates of recombination are different in each set of data, the crux of the problem is to present scores that provide a close approximation to the true likelihood away from maximum likelihood (ML). The sum of conditional lods closely approximates the likelihood throughout the domain. Therefore, conditional lods contribute appropriately when mapping from several sources of data, so contradictory estimates can be reconciled efficiently.
Array-based evolution of DNA aptamers allows modelling of an explicit sequence-fitness landscape (2008)

Mapping the landscape of possible macromolecular polymer sequences to their fitness in performing biological functions is a challenge across the biosciences. A paradigm is the case of aptamers, nucleic acids that can be selected to bind particular target molecules. We have characterized the sequence-fitness landscape for aptamers binding allophycocyanin (APC) protein via a novel Closed Loop Aptameric Directed Evolution (CLADE) approach. In contrast to the conventional SELEX methodology, selection and mutation of aptamer sequences was carried out in silico, with explicit fitness assays for 44,131 aptamers of known sequence using DNA microarrays in vitro. We capture the landscape using a predictive machine learning model linking sequence features and function and validate this model using 5500 entirely separate test sequences, which give a very high observed versus predicted correlation of 0.87. This approach reveals a complex sequence-fitness mapping, and hypotheses for the physical basis of aptameric binding; it also enables rapid design of novel aptamers with desired binding properties. We demonstrate an extension to the approach by incorporating prior knowledge into CLADE, resulting in some of the tightest binding sequences.
Radioactive Metal Isotopes Stabilized in a Geopolymer Matrix: Determination of a Leaching Extract by a Radiotracer Method (2006)

The stabilization of radioactive metal ions in inorganic polymer matrices of aluminum silicates, also called geopolymers, is demonstrated. The strength of the metal–ion bonds was then tested by leaching in water and sulfuric‐acid solutions. The experiments were carried out by the radioactive‐tracer method with 152 Eu, 134 Cs, 60 Co, and 59 Fe isotopes.
Value of load transfer capacity in distribution network design (2017)

A fundamental review of the philosophy of distribution network operation and design is carried out to inform the industry, consumers, regulator and government, and facilitate a cost effective delivery of the UK Government energy policy objectives. Within the review potential benefit of load transfer capacity used to improve the reliability performance of the system is quantified. This is the subject addressed within this paper, showing used methodology and analysed case studies. The cost-benefit analysis is used to establish the reliability and cost performance of various network designs and emergency operation strategies. Potential benefit of load transfer capacity is calculated for different drivers: network loading, topology, voltage level, construction, and assets failure rate. It is found that the value of LTC is higher in low reliable networks and in systems with higher load. The value of LTC is less sensitive towards the number of supplied substations.
Computer simulation of microwave radiator on coaxial ribbed line (2015)

This paper presents the results of the simulation of a microwave radiator, based on a coaxial ribbed line. This radiator had been designed for physiotherapy treatment of urological diseases. The radiation has a conical in shape rotation symmetry with the declined to the axis vector of the electric field and takes place when the phase velocity in the radiator is less than the light velocity in a treated object (human tissue in the considered case). Software CST Microwave Studio had been used for this simulation.
Gradient Elution Analysis and Prediction in HPLC (1980)

Abstract Gradient Elution (programming of the carrier solvent composition with time) is increasingly used in HPLC to improve resolution. Mixing effects in the chromatographic system however, cause the actual gradient to be different at the columns than that programmed. This paper shows how the concepts of residence time distribution and superposition were employed to characterize and predict actual gradients in a Spectra Physics SP8000 HPLC.
Fingolimod enhances the efficacy of delayed alteplase administration in acute ischemic stroke by promoting anterograde reperfusion and retrograde collateral flow (2018)

Fingolimod may enhance the efficacy of alteplase administration in the 4.5- to 6-hour time window in patients with a proximal cerebral arterial occlusion and salvageable penumbral tissue by promoting both anterograde reperfusion and retrograde collateral flow. These findings are instructive for the design of future trials of recanalization therapies in extended time windows. Ann Neurol 2018;84:725-736.
Nano-porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes with 6–19 nm pore diameters formed by a low-potential anodizing process (2007)

Self-organized nano-porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with small pore diameters were obtained by applying a low anodizing potential in sulfuric acid solutions. The pore diameters of the as-prepared AAO membranes were in the range of about 6–19 nm and the interpore distances were about 20–58 nm. Low potentials (6–18 V) were applied in anodizing processes to make such small pores. A linear relationship between the anodizing potential (Ua) and the interpore distance (Dint) was also revealed. By carefully monitoring the current density's evolution as a function of time with different Ua (2–18 V) during the anodizing processes, a new formula is proposed to simulate the self-ordering anodizing process.
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (2008)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Plasmon induced NIR response of thin-film a-Si:H solar cells (2012)

The defect absorption in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photosensitive devices in the presence of\nresonant absorbing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is investigated. Defect states are created in the a-Si:H network\nby the incorporated Ag NPs in their direct environment. The strong electromagnetic fields accompanied by the\nlocalized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of the Ag NPs enable high transition rates between the defect states\nand the conduction band. This results in an observable signal for near infrared (NIR) photon energies in external\nquantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. By applying different Ag NP size distributions to the devices the LSP\nresonance is shifted together with a shift of the EQE peak observed for NIR energies. This indicates that the\navailable defect states in the a-Si:H bandgap are addressed by the LSP resonance. Dominant transitions take\nplace for electrons occupying defect levels having an energetic position equal to the LSP resonance energy. Boron\ndoping of the a-Si:H environment shifts the Fermi level towards or below the introduced defect states. These are\ndepleted and cannot contribute to sub bandgap photon absorption. This is an indication for the consistence of\nthe proposed model for resonant defect absorption of the bandgap defect states.
Revenue Optimization with Approximate Bid Predictions (2017)

In the context of advertising auctions, finding good reserve prices is a notoriously challenging learning problem. This is due to the heterogeneity of ad opportunity types and the non-convexity of the objective function. In this work, we show how to reduce reserve price optimization to the standard setting of prediction under squared loss, a well understood problem in the learning community. We further bound the gap between the expected bid and revenue in terms of the average loss of the predictor. This is the first result that formally relates the revenue gained to the quality of a standard machine learned model.
The Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor NS-398 Ameliorates Ischemic Brain Injury in Wild-Type Mice but not in Mice with Deletion of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene (1999)

The authors investigated the role of the prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the mechanisms of focal cerebral ischemia and its interaction with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice. Infarct volume was measured 96 hours later by computer-assisted planimetry in thionin-stained brain sections. The highly selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 (20 mg/kg; intraperitoneally), administered twice a day starting 6 hours after MCA occlusion, reduced total infarct volume in C57BL/6 (-23%) and 129/SVeV mice (-21%), and ameliorated the motor deficits produced by MCA occlusion (P < .05). However, NS398 did not influence infarct volume in mice with deletion of the iNOS gene (P > .05). In contrast, the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-NI (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally), administered once 5 minutes after MCA occlusion, reduced neocortical infarct volume by 20% in iNOS -/- mice (P < .05). NS398 did not affect arterial pressure, resting CBF or the CBF reactivity to hypercapnia in anesthetized iNOS null mice (P > .05). The data suggest that COX-2 reaction products, in mouse as in rat, contribute to ischemic brain injury. However, the failure of NS398 to reduce infarct volume in iNOS null mice suggests that iNOS-derived NO is required for the deleterious effects of COX-2 to occur. Thus, COX-2 reaction products may be another mechanism by which iNOS-derived NO contributes to ischemic brain injury.
Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of Aficamten (CK‐274) on cardiac contractility in a A31PMYBPC3 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cat model (2022)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent cardiac disease in cats and lacks efficacious preclinical pharmacologic intervention, prompting investigation of novel therapies. Genetic mutations encoding sarcomeric proteins are implicated in the development of HCM and small molecule myosin inhibitors are an emerging class of therapeutics designed to target the interaction of actin and myosin to alleviate the detrimental effects of inappropriate contractile protein interactions. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacodynamic effects of a single oral dose of the novel cardiac myosin inhibitor aficamten (CK-274) on cardiac function in purpose bred cats with naturally occurring A31P MYBPC3 mutation and a clinical diagnosis of HCM with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Five purpose bred cats were treated with aficamten (2 mg/kg) or vehicle and echocardiographic evaluations were performed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h post-dosing. High dose aficamten (2 mg/kg) reduced left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS%) by increasing the LV systolic internal dimension (LVIDs) and reduced isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) compared with baseline without significant adverse effects. The marked reduction in systolic function and reduced IVRT coupled with an increased heart rate in treated cats, suggest a lower dose may be optimal. Further studies to determine optimal dosing of aficamten are indicated.
Conflict Processing in the Rat Brain: Behavioral Analysis and Functional μPET Imaging Using [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (2012)

Conflicts in spatial stimulus-response tasks occur when the task-relevant feature of a stimulus implies a response toward a certain location which does not match the location of stimulus presentation. This conflict leads to increased error rates and longer reaction times, which has been termed Simon effect. A model of dual route processing (automatic and intentional) of stimulus features has been proposed, predicting response conflicts if the two routes are incongruent. Although there is evidence that the prefrontal cortex, notably the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), plays a crucial role in conflict processing, the neuronal basis of dual route architecture is still unknown. In this study, we pursue a novel approach using positron emission tomography (PET) to identify relevant brain areas in a rat model of an auditory Simon task, a neuropsychological interference task, which is commonly used to study conflict processing in humans. For combination with PET we used the metabolic tracer [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose, which accumulates in metabolically active brain cells during the behavioral task. Brain areas involved in conflict processing are supposed to be activated when automatic and intentional route processing lead to different responses (dual route model). Analysis of PET data revealed specific activation patterns for different task settings applicable to the dual route model as established for response conflict processing. The rat motor cortex (M1) may be part of the automatic route or involved in its facilitation, while premotor (M2), prelimbic, and ACC seemed to be essential for inhibiting the incorrect, automatic response, indicating conflict monitoring functions. Our findings and the remarkable similarities to the pattern of activated regions reported during conflict processing in humans demonstrate that our rodent model opens novel opportunities to investigate the anatomical basis of conflict processing and dual route architecture.
Low‐molecular‐weight fibroblast growth factor 2 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by epigenetic down‐regulation of Delta‐like1 (2014)

FGF2(lmw) and FGF2(hmw) have distinct roles in liver fibrogenesis. These findings demonstrate a potent antifibrotic effect of FGF2(lmw) administration, which may provide a novel approach to treat chronic liver diseases.
BFD triggered, GMPLS based multi-layer Ethernet access network protection (2011)

In this paper we present a solution for providing protection in a Ethernet based access and metro network. To accomplish this we targeted two issues, protection aimed path computation in networks which does not provide fully disjoint paths, and the design and implementation of bi-directional forward detection (BFD) protocol in a GMPLS controlled Ethernet network.To the best of our knowledge, neither issue has been previously addressed through a similar approach and is therefore to be considered novel in its design and implementation. Our implementation shows good performances and reliability in both performance testing and testbed experiments.
Efficient and language-independent mobile programs (1996)

This paper evaluates the design and implementation of Omniware: a safe, efficient, and language-independent system for executing mobile program modules. Previous approaches to implementing mobile code rely on either language semantics or abstract machine interpretation to enforce safety. In the former case, the mobile code system sacrifices universality to gain safety by dictating a particular source language or type system. In the latter case, the mobile code system sacrifices performance to gain safety through abstract machine interpretation.Omniware uses software fault isolation, a technology developed to provide safe extension code for databases and operating systems, to achieve a unique combination of language-independence and excellent performance. Software fault isolation uses only the semantics of the underlying processor to determine whether a mobile code module can corrupt its execution environment. This separation of programming language implementation from program module safety enables our mobile code system to use a radically simplified virtual machine as its basis for portability. We measured the performance of Omniware using a suite of four SPEC92 programs on the Pentium, PowerPC, Mips, and Sparc processor architectures. Including the overhead for enforcing safety on all four processors, OmniVM executed the benchmark programs within 21% as fast as the optimized, unsafe code produced by the vendor-supplied compiler.
Artificial Stapes – a Fourteen-Year Report (1975)

This paper is based on 3,500 cases of otosclerosis operated on during the past 14 years restoring the continuity of the ossicular chain by means of an artificial stapes. Eighty percent showed practically a closure of the air-bone gap. There was no hearing gain in 17 % of the patients, many of which showed reversal to preoperative levels. Three percent of the patients suffered sensori-neural hearing loss and 1 % cophosis. Necrosis of the incus occurred in 0.3 % of the patients and perilymphatic fistula in 0.2 %. Only one case of inflammatory granuloma was observed as a complication of stapedectomy.
Stages of neoplastic transformation of human breast tissue as monitored by dissolution of basement membrane components. An immunoperoxidase study. (1981)

Two constituents of basement membrane, type IV collagen and laminin, were studied by immunoperoxidase methods in a group of breast lesions, exhibiting a range of neoplastic transformation. In normal breast, fibroadenoma, sclerosing adenosis, intraductal hyperplasia, and intraductal carcinoma there was intact basement membrane surrounding the ducts and lobules, as evidenced by an extracellular linear staining pattern with antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin. In intraductal carcinoma with microinvasion, there was fragmentation and absence of the basement membrane at the areas of microinvasion. Infiltrating carcinoma and metastatic breast carcinoma were usually devoid of surrounding extracellular basement membrane containing type IV collagen and laminin. However, a few well-differentiated carcinomas showed scattered extracellular deposits of this matrix material. Individual metastatic carcinoma cells, such as those in lymph nodes, contained intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with these antibodies. These results support the concept of basement membrane degradation associated with invasion. Furthermore, at least some metastatic tumor cells retain the ability to synthesize laminin and type IV collagen, but do not exhibit an extracellular basement membrane. This may mean that the metastatic cells are degrading and/or failing to deposit the extracellular matrix.
Growth and Maintenance of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Cells (1990)

A rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure was developed for monitoring the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in liquid culture. Values determined for the optical densities at 500 nm of washed T. ferrooxidans cell suspensions were directly proportional to both total cell number and total cell protein concentration and provided an accurate measurement of culture growth rate. The utility of this procedure was demonstrated by conducting physiological studies on the influence of CO(2) and FeSO(4) availability on the growth of T. ferrooxidans. In addition, we describe a procedure for the long-term maintenance of cells T. ferrooxidans that ensures culture purity and genetic stability.
High field semiconductor-dielectric systems: a special case of the classical two-insulator systems (2003)

Some essential properties of the prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena in high-field semiconductor-dielectric systems (HFSDS) are presented and discussed in terms of a two-channel model and a system flashover sensitivity concept. The phenomena are considered for high-field Si-vacuum and -gas (SF/sub 6/, air, N/sub 2/, SF/sub 6/ mixture) systems. Two possible types of breakdown phenomena in HFSDS, totally different from each other, are proposed: (1) surface flashover as a discharge at the semiconductor-dielectric interface, and (2) bulk breakdown, where all the processes take place in the semiconductor without any role on the part of the ambient. It is concluded that HFSDS is a special case of the classical high-voltage solid-insulator-vacuum or -gas dielectric systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Short-Range Super-Resolution Feature Extraction of Complex Edged Contours for Object Recognition by Ultra-Wideband Radar (2014)

Der grte und herzlichste Dank geht an meine Frau
A Germanium Laminar Emission Camera (1982)

A 30 elenent laminar Collimator with a segmented high purity Ge detector gave spatial resolutions to 1.5 mm for 2 dimensional Tc99m imaging. Detector, collimator and imaging aspects are discussed.
Basic characteristics of selective wireless power transfer system based on coupled magnetic resonances (2012)

In this paper, selective wireless power transfer using magnetic resonant coupling is proposed and its characteristics are investigated. The transmission efficiency may degrade with unintentional object near the power transmission system. At that time, by changing the resonant frequency of the transmitting and receiving resonators, undesired effects from the interfering resonator is avoided. In this paper, the wireless power transfer system performance is confirmed by EM simulations and experiments.