gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane Cholesterol Modulates the Outward Facing Conformation of the Dopamine Transporter and Alters Cocaine Binding (2010)

Clearance of synaptically released dopamine is regulated by the plasmalemmal dopamine transporter (DAT), an integral membrane protein that resides within a complex lipid milieu. Here we demonstrate that cholesterol, a major component of the lipid bilayer, can modulate the conformation of DAT and alter cocaine binding to DAT. In striatal synaptosomes and transfected cells, DAT was in cholesterol-rich membrane fractions after mild detergent extraction. After increasing the membrane cholesterol content by treatment of water-soluble cholesterol (cholesterol mixed with methyl-β-cyclodextrin), we observed an increase in DAT binding B(max) values for cocaine analogs [(3)H]WIN35428 and [(125)I]RTI-55, but similar levels of DAT proteins on the cell surface were shown by surface biotinylation assays. Membrane cholesterol addition also markedly enhanced the accessibility of cysteine sulfhydryl moieties in DAT as probed by a membrane-impermeable maleimide-biotin conjugate. We identified cysteine 306, a juxtamembrane residue on transmembrane domain 6 (TM6) of DAT, as the intrinsic residue exhibiting enhanced reactivity. Similar effects on DAT cysteine accessibility and radioligand binding were observed with addition of zinc, a reagent known to promote the outward facing conformation of DAT. Using substituted cysteine mutants on various positions likely to be extracellular, we identified additional residues located on TM1, TM6, TM7, and TM12 of DAT that are sensitive to alterations in the membrane cholesterol content. Our findings in transfected cells and native tissues support the hypothesis that DAT adopts an outward facing conformation in a cholesterol-rich membrane environment, suggesting a novel modulatory role of the surrounding membrane lipid milieu on DAT function.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclizations of Unsaturated ×CR(COX)2 Radicals. Manganese(III) Acetate Oxidative Cyclizations of Unsaturated Acetoacetates and Atom‐ Transfer Cyclizations of Unsaturated Haloacetoacetates Give the Same Radicals. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Procédé de densification rapide et caractérisation de composites carbone/carbone (1999)

L'etude porte sur la comprehension d'un procede de densification rapide de composites carbone/carbone a partir d'un precurseur liquide. Sur une premiere installation de type pilote a chauffage inductif, l'influence de la temperature et des precurseurs, essentiellement aromatiques et aromatiques monohalogenes, a ete regardee. Les nouveaux precurseurs conduisent a une cinetique plus rapide et a un meilleur rendement en carbone, a un pyrocarbone toujours de texture laminaire rugueuse, polynucleee dans le cas des precurseurs halogenes, mais legerement plus desoriente que le cas du cyclohexane. Avec la realisation d'installations a l'echelle du laboratoire, nous avons pu explorer les mecanismes mis en jeu dans le procede par une mesure de la vitesse de depot observee sur un monofilament de 7 m de diametre par microscopie optique, et faire une etude de l'influence du mode de chauffage (resistif/inductif). Un modele simple permet a partir des donnees experimentales de remonter a une approximation des gradients thermiques dans la zone de densification en reliant la vitesse de depot sur les fibres et la vitesse de densification. Un second modele traite de la propagation du front de densification et est base sur la theorie asymptotique des flammes premelangees.
Especialidades de la electronificación de los instrumentos de pago y financiación en derecho mercantil (2017)

espanolLa documentacion electronica tiene varias finalidades. Una de ellas es proteger al consumidor en el ambito del comercio electronico. Con respecto a este trabajo, la via electronica es una externalizacion valida y efectiva de la voluntad en el contrato, es decir, el consentimiento puede manifestarse a traves de los medios electronicos como condicion de cualquier transaccion legal valida. El documento electronico cumple dos funciones. La primera, informativa, como registro de datos que ilustra acerca de algun hecho importante para el hombre. Una segunda funcion, mas especifica, se refiere a la prueba de hechos y datos en el ambito juridico. Las instituciones juridicas deben adaptarse a las evoluciones tecnologicas. La aparicion de nuevos sis temas electronicos permite la transmision telematica de flujos de la informacion. Por ende, las nuevas tecnologias han simplificado la creacion, almacenamiento y transmision de archivos documentales. La posibilidad de la puesta en circulacion de estos instrumentos facilita el trafico juridico economico y el desarrollo del comercio electronico. EnglishElectronic documentary evidences have several purposes. One of them is to provide an effective consumer protection in electronic commerce. With regard to this work, the electronic way is a valid and effective externalization of will in the contract, in other words, consent can be manifested through the electronic media as a condition of any valid legal transaction. The electronic document has a twofold target. Firstly, informative, as illustrated data record about some important fact to man. Secondly, and more specifically, it relates to the evidences of facts and data in the legal field. Legal institutions must adapt to technological developments. The emergence of new electronic systems allows data transmission of the information flow. Thus, new technologies have simplified the creation, storage and transmission of documental files. The possibility of the circulation of these instruments provides economic legal traffic and the development of electronic commerce.
MINIMUM AREA CONVEX PACKING OF TWO CONVEX POLYGONS (2006)

Given two convex polygons P and Q in the plane that are free to translate and rotate, a convex packing of them is the convex hull of a placement of P and a placement of Q whose interiors do not intersect. A minimum area convex packing of P and Q is one whose area is minimized. The problem of designing a deterministic algorithm for finding a minimum area convex packing of two convex polygons has remained open. We address this problem by first studying the contact configurations between P and Q and their algebraic structures. Crucial geometric and algebraic properties on the area function are then derived and analyzed which enable us to successfully discretize the search space. This discretization, together with a delicate algorithmic design and careful complexity analysis, allows us to develop an efficient O((n + m)nm) time deterministic algorithm for finding a true minimum area convex packing of P and Q, where n and m are the numbers of vertices of P and Q, respectively.
Simple model of equilibrium froth height for foams: an application for CNN image analysis (2002)

The design of a control system to monitor the washing of coal by a froth flotation mechanism is considered. The froth in a batch cell, due to steady sparging by air, reaches an equilibrium height h. This height is determined by the cumulative effects of several resistance mechanisms dissipating the air pressure gradient: viscous fiction of the rising air and of the falling liquid, the surface tension of bubbles, and the buoyancy forces. This control system is based upon a hydrodynamic model for the resistance and a feedback loop consisting of an image processing system that computes bubble density and size distribution needed by the model. The model hypothesis is that bubble flow is an air flow through a porous medium with an effective resistance coefficient K which depends on the dissipative mechanisms given above. The pressure gradient needed to estimate the froth height is found from Darcy's law when the froth is idealized as a set of vertical tubes, with radius R chosen to be the average bubble size, which varies with vertical position, allowing the air to flow through with an average velocity V/sub m/. The model equation is grad p=K V/sub m//R/sub 0//sup 2/. The cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm was chosen for its ability to process images quickly for use as control system element to compute k and thus infer changes to h by changing the set point for air flow rate or by addition of more liquid or surfactant, which would change the drainage rate or the surface tension.
Impact of Acidic/Basic Sites of the Catalyst on Properties of the Coke Formed in Pyrolysis of Guaiacol: A Model Compound of the Phenolics in Bio-oil (2020)

Acidic and basic sites are important factors influencing the reaction network and properties of coke. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of guaiacol, a model compound of lignin derivatives, was conducted over SBA-15, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and Al2O3 with distinct distribution of acidic and basic sites. The results show that the acidic sites in SBA-15 and the basic sites in LDHs significantly promoted coking and evolution of heavier organics with π-conjugated structures. The Al2O3 catalyst with less acidic/basic sites does not have such an effect. At low pyrolysis temperature, the coke formed over SBA-15 or LDHs is very aliphatic and thermally unstable, while the increase of the pyrolysis temperature enhanced the aromatization degree of coke. Additionally, the acidic sites in SBA-15 are more effective than the basic sites in LDHs in catalyzing the condensation of reaction intermediates and enhancing the aromatic degree of coke, rendering the coke with higher thermal stabilities and reactivity toward oxidation.
Significance of Lewis Phenotyping Using Saliva and Gastric Tissue: Comparison with the Lewis Phenotype Inferred fromLewisandSecretorGenotypes (2014)

Lewis phenotypes using various types of specimen were compared with the Lewis phenotype predicted from Lewis and Secretor genotypes. This is the first logical step in explaining the association between the Lewis expression and Helicobacter pylori. We performed a study of the followings on 209 patients who underwent routine gastroscopy: erythrocyte and saliva Lewis phenotyping, gastric Lewis phenotyping by the tissue array, and the Lewis and Secretor genes genotyping. The results of phenotyping were as follows [Le(a-b-), Le(a+b-), Le(a-b+), and Le(a+b+), respectively, in order]: erythrocyte (12.4%, 25.8%, 61.2%, and 0.5%); saliva (2.4%, 27.3%, 70.3%, and 0.0%); gastric mucosa (8.1%, 6.7%, 45.5%, and 39.7%). The frequency of Le, le (59/508) , le (59/1067) , and le (59) alleles was 74.6%, 21.3%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively, among 418 alleles. The saliva Lewis phenotype was completely consistent with the Lewis phenotype inferred from Lewis and Secretor genotypes, but that of gastric mucosa could not be predicted from genotypes. Lewis phenotyping using erythrocytes is only adequate for transfusion needs. Saliva testing for the Lewis phenotype is a more reliable method for determining the peripheral Lewis phenotype of an individual and the gastric Lewis phenotype must be used for the study on the association between Helicobacter pylori and the Lewis phenotype.
A new graph-based method for pairwise global network alignment (2009)

Computational experiments on the alignment of protein-protein interaction networks and on the classification of metabolic subnetworks demonstrate that the new method is reasonably fast and has advantages over pure heuristics. Our software tool is freely available as part of the LISA library.
Dynamic Deploying Distributed Low-interaction Honeynet (2012)

Distributed virtual honeynet is an important security detection system to Worms, Botnet detection, Spam and Distributed Denial-Of-Service. The honeynet value significantly relies on the disguise capacity. The traditional deploying method is a static scheme that the configuration of honeynet is determined by security experts beforehand and unable to change after the deployment. The hackers or Botnet controllers identify the honeynet and may not trap into the same honeynet again. Therefore, the static deploying honeynet has relatively poor disguise capacity. To improve the disguise capacity, a novel dynamic deploying method is proposed that is capable of redeploying the honeynet in real time. The inducing degree is introduced to measure the disguise capacity by analyzing the inbound and outbound packets of the honeynet. When the inducing degree is less than a specific threshold, the dynamic deploying manager will be activated and to execuate the dynamic deploying algorithms. We have developed three novel dynamic deploying algorithms to solve the problem how to redeploy the honeynet and implemented a prototype for distributed virtual honeynet based on Honeyd. The experimental results of the simulation and real networks datasets demonstrate that the dynamic deploying approach is effective to enhance the disguise capacity of honeynet.
The epidemiology of anorexia nervosa (1973)

Synopsis All patients with anorexia nervosa were extracted from three psychiatric case registers— North-East Scotland, Camberwell, and Monroe County. The average incidence varied from 0·37 per 100,000 population per year in Monroe County to 1·6 per 100,000 in North-East Scotland, in all three areas the number of cases reported per year was increasing, and in Camberwell, but not in Monroe County or North-East Scotland, there was a significant excess of patients from middle-class backgrounds.
Predicting endocrine responsiveness: novel biomarkers on the horizon. (2009)

Historically, breast tumor classification and therapeutic decisions have relied on immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques for characterizing biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), as described in the review by Ma and colleagues. However, these markers have been found to be inadequate for fully predicting a patient’s response to a given breast cancer treatment such as endocrine therapy.
13C‐methacetin breath test for monitoring hepatic function in cirrhotic patients before and after liver transplantation (2004)

Sirs, We read with interest the paper published by Petrolati et al. in a recent issue of Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.1 We agree with the authors that 13C breath testing may be useful for monitoring hepatic function in patients waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation and during follow-up after this procedure, as described in a recent paper.2 In particular, we have shown that 13C-aminopyrine and 13C-methionine breath tests are useful in the early phases after orthotopic liver transplantation to predict primary non-function of the transplanted liver.2 However, we prefer to use the 13C-aminopyrine breath test for the investigation of liver function in end-stage cirrhotic patients, which, in our opinion, is more reliable than the 13C-methionine breath test. Methacetin is a drug with a high hepatic extraction ratio (more than 0.8) and, for this reason, is dependent on the blood flow to the liver.3, 4 Patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis generally have a low hepatic blood flow because of portal hypertension and porto-systemic shunts; in addition to impaired liver metabolic function, a low value of 13C measured in breath after 13C-methacetin ingestion may therefore reflect the presence of shunts. In contrast, aminopyrine has a low hepatic extraction ratio (less than 0.3) and, for this reason, should be less influenced by blood flow to the liver.4 Moreover, it has recently been reported that the 13C-methionine breath test is influenced by both age and blood oxygenation.5, 6 Ciccocioppo et al. showed that the 13C-methionine breath test was influenced by age in healthy subjects and inversely related to the intra-hepatic resistance index, assessed by Doppler pulsed wave analysis.5 Zipprich et al. demonstrated that oxygen supplementation increased the liver oxidation capability in cirrhotic patients in different Child classes.6 Finally, as far as the toxicity is concerned, both methacetin and aminopyrine seem to be safe. Indeed, although agranulocytosis has been described with the chronic pharmacological administration of aminopyrine, no case has been reported in the literature with the low, single dose used for breath testing analysis.
Altered Combustion Characteristics of Aluminum Fuels through Low-Level Fluoropolymer Inclusions with and without in situ Nanoaluminum. (2015)

Aluminum inclusions have been widely used to increase the specific impulse of solid rocket propellant. However, issues arise with the addition of aluminum in the form of agglomeration, which can cause kinetic and thermal losses (i.e., two-phase flow losses) through the nozzle, which can reduce motor performance by as much as 10%. Reduction of agglomerate size may reduce the effect of two-phase flow losses. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or TeflonTM) inclusions into aluminum via mechanical activation (MA, milling) have been shown to produce a smaller coarse agglomerate size due to microexplosion of the composite particles at the propellant surface. Perflouroalkoxy (PFA) is a chemically similar to PTFE, and has yet to be investigated in metal combustion. Additionally, nanoscale aluminum (nAl) can be synthesized in situ within PFA. Using in situnAl-PFA yields both a bottom-up and top-down approach when mechanically activated with aluminum, which may further modify the combustion properties. To support this prediction, PFA powders (with and without in situ nAl)­ were combined with aluminum via MA, systematically varying the Al/PFA mixture ratio (70/30 and 90/10 wt.% Al/PFA) and milling time (30 and 45 minutes). The resulting thermal behavior of the various milled powders was investigated via butane torch ignition and differential scanning calorimetry. The various MA Al/PFA powders appeared to burn well, comparable to equivalent MA Al/PTFE powders. However, the in situ nAl-PFA inclusions did not appear to have a significant effect on the combustion properties at these low heating rates. Future work should study these materials at higher heating rates (e.g., solid propellant, laser ignition) in order to fully see the effect of in situ nAl-PFA.
simITS (2010)

Vehicular communication systems are becoming one of the most emerging research areas. Many efforts have been made to provide new applications and communication protocols adapted to this new kind of networks. The performance evaluation of these proposals is a crucial step for their validation. Therefore, the need of a new open-source, realistic and integrated simulation environment for vehicular networks is a fundamental and extremely pervasive motivation behind this work. In this paper, we propose simITS, an open-source simulation platform, aiming at a realistic evaluation of protocols for large scale vehicular networks. SimITS aims to simulate properly both road traffic conditions and wireless communications characteristics and at the same time to ensure the real time exchange of simulation data between them. Additionally, a new communication protocol stack designed for vehicular communications has been implemented. Finally, we validate the platform by a basic simulation study.
Impairment of survival factor function potentiates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in tumor cells. (1998)

The balance between tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis is a critical determinant of malignant tumor outgrowth. In a transgenic mouse model of beta cell tumorigenesis (Rip1Tag2), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is up-regulated during the onset of tumor cell proliferation. Disruption of IGF-II expression in these transgenic mice causes a dramatic increase of beta tumor cell (betaTC) apoptosis, indicating that IGF-II acts as a survival factor. Here we report that beta tumor cell lines derived from IGF-II-deficient Rip1Tag2 mice show a higher incidence of apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts. In particular, IGF-II-deficient betaTCs are more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli, such as serum deprivation and staurosporine, and to chemotherapeutic agents, such as daunomycin, etoposide, or vincristine. Thus, the lack of the survival factor IGF-II potentiates chemotherapeutic treatment of betaTCs. Furthermore, normal betaTCs can be sensitized to chemotherapy when transfected with a dominant-negative mutant of the IGF-I receptor. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for IGF-mediated signaling in the survival of tumor cells and, thus, raise the possibility of novel approaches toward cancer therapy by interfering with survival factor function.
Multiterminal Three Phase Transformer Model With Balanced or Unbalanced Loading (2008)

A terminal model of a transformer is developed which permits balanced or unbalanced loading. After the terminal-loading problem is solved, currents within and voltages across the individual windings can be obtained. The method is general and allows for standard and complicated winding interconnections such as deltas and extended deltas, Y's and ungrounded Y's, series connections, zig-zag, phase shifters, etc. In addition, these connections can be performed successively to get an even greater variety of winding connections. Unbalanced loading includes a single or double line-to-ground fault. The method then enables the winding currents to be obtained for subsequent force and stress analysis. The method can also be used to obtain regulation effects and terminal to terminal impedances.
A posteriori speech presence probability estimation based on averaged observations and a super-Gaussian speech model (2014)

Explicit information about speech presence or absence is needed in many speech processing applications. In a Bayesian estimation framework, this information can be provided by an a posteriori speech presence probability (SPP) estimator. Recent improvements in SPP estimation include likelihoods of speech presence based on a super-Gaussian speech model or, alternatively, based on averaged observations. In this paper, we combine these aspects and derive a closed form solution for the likelihood of speech presence based on both averaged observations and a super-Gaussian speech model. The new approach is shown to outperform competing methods that either include averaging or super-Gaussian speech models.
Sinfonia (2009)

We propose a new paradigm for building scalable distributed systems. Our approach does not require dealing with message-passing protocols, a major complication in existing distributed systems. Instead, developers just design and manipulate data structures within our service called Sinfonia. Sinfonia keeps data for applications on a set of memory nodes, each exporting a linear address space. At the core of Sinfonia is a new minitransaction primitive that enables efficient and consistent access to data, while hiding the complexities that arise from concurrency and failures. Using Sinfonia, we implemented two very different and complex applications in a few months: a cluster file system and a group communication service. Our implementations perform well and scale to hundreds of machines.
Assessment of early response to tumor-treating fields in newly diagnosed glioblastoma using physiologic and metabolic MRI: initial experience (2016)

Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) is a novel antimitotic treatment modality for patients with glioblastoma. To assess response to TTFields, a newly diagnosed patient with glioblastoma underwent diffusion, perfusion and 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging prior to initiation of TTFields plus temozolamide (baseline) and at 1- and 2-month follow-up periods. Increased mean diffusivity along with decreased fractional anisotropy and maximum relative cerebral blood volume were noted at 2 months relative to baseline suggesting inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Additionally, a reduction in choline/creatine was also noted during this period. These preliminary data indicate the potential of physiologic and metabolic MRI in assessing early treatment response to TTFields in combination with temozolamide.