gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linking ER Stress to Autophagy: Potential Implications for Cancer Therapy (2010)

Different physiological and pathological conditions can perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a condition known as ER stress. ER stress activates a complex intracellular signal transduction pathway, called unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is tailored essentially to reestablish ER homeostasis also through adaptive mechanisms involving the stimulation of autophagy. However, when persistent, ER stress can switch the cytoprotective functions of UPR and autophagy into cell death promoting mechanisms. Recently, a variety of anticancer therapies have been linked to the induction of ER stress in cancer cells, suggesting that strategies devised to stimulate its prodeath function or block its prosurvival function, could be envisaged to improve their tumoricidial action. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that determine the final outcome of UPR and autophagy activation by chemotherapeutic agents, will offer new opportunities to improve existing cancer therapies as well as unravel novel targets for cancer treatment.
Phase Equilibria and Vapor Pressures of Pure Phosphorus and of the Indium/Phosphorus System and Their Implications Regarding Crystal Growth of InP (1974)

The vapor pressure as a function of temperature of several commercial grades of red phosphorus and a specially prepared crystalline sample has been measured. For crystalline red P we obtain a heat of sublimation, . The commercial grades yield vapor pressures, which above 450°C are described by the equation In . The sublimation equilibrium of red P can be utilized for controlling phosphorus pressures, , with a reproducibility of 10% if commercial P of at least 5N purity is used. Measurements of the pVT relation of phosphorus vapor in the regimes and reveal deviations up to 10% from ideal gas behavior. Excellent accuracy in describing the behavior of phosphorus vapor is obtained when van der Waals equation is used in conjunction with the critical data of Marckwald and Helmholz and a critical coefficient of 0.375 for calculation of both the co‐volume and the interaction parameter. Consideration of the pressure dependence of the equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction yielded approximate values for the fugacity constant at 1000° and 1100°C. The pTx relation at the liquidus in the vicinity of stoichiometric InP for indium‐rich and phosphorus‐rich compositions were established by simultaneous vapor pressure and DTA measurements. The melting point of stoichiometric InP is and the corresponding equilibrium phosphorus pressure is . T−x liquidus data calculated with the assumption of ideal behavior of the liquid are in good agreement with our experimental data. Interpretation of the liquidus pressure data yields values of the standard enthalpies and entropies at 298° K
Saliency, attention, and visual search: An information theoretic approach (2009)

A proposal for saliency computation within the visual cortex is put forth based on the premise that localized saliency computation serves to maximize information sampled from one's environment. The model is built entirely on computational constraints but nevertheless results in an architecture with cells and connectivity reminiscent of that appearing in the visual cortex. It is demonstrated that a variety of visual search behaviors appear as emergent properties of the model and therefore basic principles of coding and information transmission. Experimental results demonstrate greater efficacy in predicting fixation patterns across two different data sets as compared with competing models.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Association of Human Salivary Antimicrobial Agents with Caries Increment and Cariogenic Micro-organisms: A Two-year Cohort Study (1998)

Previous studies of the possible associations of salivary antimicrobial agents with dental caries have given controversial results, obviously mainly because almost all studies have been cross-sectional. Our aim was to find out, in a two-year longitudinal follow-up study, the associations among selected salivary non-immune and immune antimicrobial variables, cariogenic bacteria, and caries increment. The study population was comprised of 63 subjects, all of whom had their 13th birthday during the first study year. In addition to a comprehensive dental examination at baseline and after 2 yrs, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected in a standardized way at six-month intervals. Saliva samples were analyzed for flow rate, buffer effect, lysozyme, lactoferrin, total peroxidase activity, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate, agglutination rate, and total and specific anti-S. mutans IgA and IgG, as well as for numbers of total and mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and total anaerobic bacteria. Cluster analysis and Spearman-Rank correlation coefficients were used to explore possible associations between and among the studied variables. During the two-year period, a statistically significant increase was observed in flow rate, thiocyanate, agglutination rate, anti-S. mutans IgA antibodies, lactobacilli, and total anaerobes, whereas lysozyme, lactoferrin, and total and anti-S. mutans IgG antibodies declined significantly. Based on various analyses, it can be concluded that, at baseline, total IgG and hypothiocyanite had an inverse relationship with subsequent two-year caries increment, anti-S. mutans IgG antibodies increased with caries development, and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli correlated positively with both baseline caries and caries increment. Total anaerobic microflora was consistently more abundant among caries-free individuals. In spite of the above associations, we conclude that none of the single antimicrobial agents as such has sufficiently strong power to have diagnostic significance in vivo with respect to future caries.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Spirocyclopentadienes Using Organomolybdenum Reagents: Approaches to the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Silphinene. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A HEAD‐TO‐HEAD PHASE 3 STUDY COMPARING BGB‐3111 AND IBRUTINIB IN PATIENTS WITH WALDENSTRÖM MACROGLOBULINEMIA (2017)

Introduction: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical component of the B-cell receptor signaling cascade. Inhibition of BTK has emerged as a promising strategy for targeting B-cell malignancies including Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), particularly WM harboring the MYD88 mutation (MYD88MUT). BGB-3111 is a novel second-generation, potent, specific, and irreversible BTK inhibitor. Preclinical data in cell lines and primary patient samples show specific and profound BTK inhibition, with minimal inhibition of off-target kinases such as EGFR, ITK, JAK3, HER2, and TEC. Preliminary clinical data indicate that BGB-3111 treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) WM induces deep and sustained responses, with a high (39%) very good partial response (VGPR) rate. Based on these encouraging results with a higher VGPR rate than previously reported for ibrutinib in R/R WM patients, we hypothesized that BGB-3111 achieves a more complete inhibition of BTK in lymph nodes with deeper tissue penetration than ibrutinib, resulting in improved efficacy and, based on its higher selectivity, a better safety profile for BGB-3111 than ibrutinib. Keywords: BTK; ibrutinib; Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM).
Tophaceous Gout Involving the Whole Spine: An Unusual Case Report (2012)

Gout is a relatively common, crystal deposition disease that is common in middle-aged males. In chronic tophaceous gout, monosodium urate crystals are deposited in joint and periarticular tissues of the extremities such as feet, hands, wrists, elbows and knees. In contrast, spinal involvement of gout is exceedingly rare. Gout is most common in the feet. In cases of patients with spinal gout, many present with symptomatic cord or root compression (1-4). In most of these patients, spinal involvement is secondary to involvement of the appendicular skeleton (2). Herein we present a case of tophaceous gout with extensive spinal involvement that resulted in diffuse spinal cord compression and led to paraplegia.
Distribution to the Brain and Protein Binding of 3′and 5-Substituted 2′,3′-Dideoxyuridine Derivatives, Studied by Microdialysis (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate a series of 3′ and 5-substituted 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine derivatives (ddUD) with respect to plasma protein binding, half-life and distribution across the blood-brain barrier in the rat. The microdialysis technique was used to study protein binding in human plasma ( in vitro), and to sample the extracellular space of rats with microdialysis probes implanted into the striatum of the brain and the gastrocnemic muscle ( in vivo). The compounds were analysed by HPLC with UV-detection. The octanol/water partition coefficients of the ddUD varied from 0.08-0.84. The protein binding of the ddUDs was approximately 80%. After s.c. administration (25 or 50 mg kg −1 ), the brain and muscle extracellular levels differed; brain levels were 0.18-0.36 of peripheral (muscle) concentrations. A multivariate analysis, which included data on zidovudine, alovudine and thymidine, demonstrated a relationship between the physicochemical and some of the pharmacokinetic properties of uridine analogues. The analysis shows that half-life and protein binding increases with decreasing p K a . However, penetration to the brain is not correlated with the partition into octanol. It is concluded that the transport to the brain is not primarily dependent upon passive diffusion over a lipophilic barrier but, rather, to other chemical properties of the ddUDs. This is suggestive of a specific transport mechanism, e.g. the thymidine carrier.
Finishing with invisalign. (2006)

Align Technology has developed the Invisalign System, which is a series of clear plastic appliances ("aligners") that move the patient's teeth in small increments from their original state to a final, treated state. The Invisalign System uses a computer as a tool to assist in creating a series of sequential movements to assure light and consistent forces on the patient's teeth.
{040/110} Facet Isotype Heterojunctions with Monoclinic Scheelite BiVO4 (2020)

Controlling the phase, crystallinity, and microstructure and fabricating a facet isotype heterojunction with a proscribed reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor have a strong constructive effect toward photoexciton separation and migration. In this respect, here diverse synthetic courses such as calcination (BiVO<sub>4</sub>-C), hydrothermal treatment (BiVO<sub>4</sub>-H), and a reflux method (BiVO<sub>4</sub>-R) are introduced to fabricate various hierarchical morphologies of highly crystalline monoclinic scheelite bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) with different redox facet exposure factors that have been well established by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The analytical and experimental investigations revealed superior photocatalytic upshots of a BiVO<sub>4</sub>-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction toward levofloxacin (LVF) detoxification (71.2%, 120 min) and the water oxidation reaction (530.6 μmol, 120 min) relative to BiVO<sub>4</sub>-C (42.3%, 434.2 μmol) and BiVO<sub>4</sub>-H (60.4%, 494.8 μmol). Accordingly, the BiVO<sub>4</sub>-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction (145.6 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>) expressed an enhanced photocurrent in comparison to pristine BiVO<sub>4</sub>-C (75.5 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and BiVO<sub>4</sub>-H (113.1 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>). The superior photocatalytic redox efficiency was attributed to well-exposed {040} reduction and {110} oxidation facets and a superior relative {040} facet exposure factor provoking an enhanced charge carrier separation over a BiVO<sub>4</sub>-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction. The spatial exciton separation over the BiVO<sub>4</sub>-R sample was well established by numerous analytical and experimental investigations. The effectual associations among physicochemical, photoelectrochemical properties, {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction, relative reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor, and photocatalytic performances of fabricated BiVO<sub>4</sub> microstructures were well established, and the upshots of this research were discussed finely. The research signifies an effectual direction for morphology and relative reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor controlled fabrication of facet isotype heterojunction based materials for superior photocatalysis and could be advantageous for supplementary research areas.
Comparison of Accuracy Estimation Approaches for Sensor Networks (2013)

With sensor technology gaining maturity and becoming ubiquitous, we are experiencing an unprecedented wealth of sensor data. In most sensing applications, users receive sensor measurements, which are prone to error. As a result, they are often annotated with some measure of uncertainty, such as the distribution variance or a confidence interval, and will be hereafter referred to as probabilistic measurements. The question that we address in this paper is how to estimate the accuracy of these probabilistic measurements, that is, how far they lie from the ground truth of the measured attribute. Existing studies on estimating the accuracy of probabilistic measurements in real sensing applications are limited in three ways. First, they tend to be application-specific. Second, they typically employ learning techniques to estimate the parameters of sensor noise models, and ignore alternative approaches that rely on simple state estimation without learning. Third, they do not explore whether exploiting the dynamics of the monitored state can yield significant benefits in terms of accuracy estimation. In this paper, we address the above limitations as follows: We define the problem of accuracy estimation in a general way that applies to a wide spectrum of application scenarios. We then propose a taxonomy of accuracy estimation techniques, which include both state estimation and parameter learning. These techniques are further subdivided into static and dynamic, depending on whether they exploit knowledge of system dynamics. All different approaches in the taxonomy are then applied and compared with each other in the context of two real sensing applications. We discuss how they trade accuracy for computation cost, and how this tradeoff largely depends on the user's knowledge of the application scenario.
Fire Resistance Performance of FRP Rebar Reinforced Concrete Columns (2009)

Concrete columns reinforced with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) rebar have been increasingly used in civil engineering applications, while the research on fire resistance of such structural members is still very limited. In this paper, attempts are made to predict temperature distribution and mechanical performance of FRP rebar reinforced concrete columns in fire. The effect of concrete cover and section size on fire resistance time is studied by the finite element method. Based on a parametric study, a simple empirical formula to predict fire resistance time is proposed for possible adoption in fire resistance design.
Investigations on Laser Beam Welding of Different Dissimilar Joints of Steel and Aluminum Alloys for Automotive Lightweight Construction (2016)

Due to the enormous potential of weight saving, and the consequential reduction of pollutant emissions, the use of hybrid components made of steel and aluminum alloys is increasing steadily, especially concerning automotive lightweight construction. However, thermal joining of steel and aluminum is still being researched, due to a limited solubility of the binary system of iron and aluminum causing the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic phases, which decrease the strength and the formability of the dissimilar seam. The presented results show the investigation of laser beam welding for joining different dissimilar hybrid components of the steel materials HX220LAD+Z100, 22MnB5+AS150 and 1.4301, as well as the aluminum alloy AA6016-T4 as a lap joint. Among other things, the influences of the energy per unit length, the material grade, the sheet thickness t, the weld type (lap weld, fillet weld) and the arrangement of the base materials in a lap joint (aluminum-sided irradiation, steel-sided irradiation) on the achievable strengths are analyzed. The characterization of the dissimilar joints includes tensile shear tests and metallographic analyses, depending on the energy per unit length.
Large area optical devices with glass-pressed/metal-embedded sub-wavelength grating (2007)

INTRODUCTION Optical devices with micro-features of about half the size of optical wavelengths have recently been gathering much attention [1]. Advancements in micro-fabrication have realized developing such optical devices with a variety of functionalities. For example, embedding metal in gratings (cyclic grooves) of sizes about half the optical wavelengths, produced on the surface of transparent material like glass or plastic, makes optical devices like color filters, polarizing filters, or photonic crystals [2]. The superior optical performance of glass gives it a lead as transparent substrate material. Common forming methods of glass are pressing for mass production in case of smooth shapes like lenses. On the other hand, however, producing cyclic grooves on the surface in the sub-micron order requires lithography that repeats masking and etching or ion-beam etching. These processes consume large cost and time, thus are not suited for mass production. Press forming micro-structures can only reproduce forms to small areas and have not succeeded in forming larger areas in the millimeters to centimeters scale. The study we report in this paper developed the entire sequence of processes starting with glass material with superior optical characteristics, pressing gratings with sizes of about half wavelengths of optical light on a large area, and embedding metal to the grooves. These processes produced guide light plates with cyclic micro-structures and ones with metal embedded in the grooves. We measured the optical performance of these plates to evaluate the effect of tolerances in our processes.
Mono-alkyl Phosphinic Acids as Ligands in Nanocrystal Synthesis (2021)

Surfactants play a crucial role in the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals. Nevertheless, only a handful molecules are currently used, oleic acid being the most typical example. Here, we show that mono-alkyl phosphinic acids are an interesting surfactant class with a reactivity that is intermediate between carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids. We first present the synthesis of n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-tetradecyl, n-octadecyl, and oleyl phosphinic acid. These compounds are suitable surfactants during high-temperature nanocrystal synthesis (240-300°C). In contrast to phosphonic acids, they do not form poly anhydride gels. Consequently, CdSe quantum dots synthesized with octadecylphosphinic acid are conveniently purified, and are free from background scattering in UV-Vis. The CdSe nanocrystals have a very low polydispersity and a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 18%, without additional shell. Furthermore, we could synthesize CdSe and CdS nanorods using phosphinic acid ligands and found a remarkable purity (i.e. without tetrapod impurities). We conclude that the reactivity towards TOP-S and TOP-Se precursors decreases in the series: cadmium carboxylate &gt; cadmium phosphinate &gt; cadmium phosphonate. By introducing a third and intermediate class of surfactants, we enhance the versatility of surfactant-assisted syntheses.
Varför bär vi vita kläder (2007)

Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka gymnasielärares uppfattningar om hotell- och restaurangprogrammets och livsmedelsprogrammets hygienkurs LMK 1204, och utifrån det konstruera en kursplan för nämnd kurs. Arbetet ger en översikt av tidigare forskning om lärares arbete på yrkesförberedande gymnasieprogram, och elevers på samma program uppfattningar om sin utbildning. Vi har arbetat med kvalitativ metodteori och intervjuat lärare på hotell- och restaurangprogrammet och livsmedelsprogrammet om deras uppfattningar om hygienkursen LMK 1204. Med utgångspunkt i de teman vi fick fram vi analys av intervjumaterialet, konstruerade vi en egen kursplan. Sammanfattningsvis tyckte lärarna att det är svårt att kombinera teori med praktik i undervisningen och att få tid till att samarbeta med andra lärare. De upplevde det också som att eleverna har svårt att på de praktiska lektionerna praktisera det de lärt sig i teorin. Vi har i enlighet med lärarnas uppfattningar konstruerat en kursplan som underlättar lärarnas undervisning och ger eleverna större möjligheter att koppla ihop teori med praktik.
Synthesis of an -(2,3)-Sialylated, Complex-Type Undecasaccharide (2000)

Only two building blocks were necessary to provide efficient access to the complex undecasaccharide 1 by means of two stereo- and regioselective glycosylation reactions. Stereocontrolled p-methoxybenzyl-assisted β-mannosylation afforded the critical β-mannoside linkage in 1, which is a constituent of the human glycoproteins follitropin and gonadotropin.
Harlequin ichthyosis: a review of 50 cases and update of ABCA12 mutation analysis (2010)

Mutations in the ABCA12 gene underlie the most severe form of recessive congenital ichthyosis, Harlequin ichthyosis (HI). Due to the rarity of cases, there are no large series reporting the outcomes of babies born with HI. To improve the care of HI families, the authors have established a major referral centre for HI genetic screening and conducted an international study of 50 children born with this condition. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with HI referred to us for ABCA12 analysis and thereby report neonatal complications and long-term sequelae. Secondly, this study aims to identify novel mutations to facilitate prenatal diagnosis. Referring physicians were asked to review medical notes and retrospectively complete a clinical questionnaire. Adults and children over five were asked to complete a dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire. Mutation analysis was performed using PCR and sequencing but in one consanguineous case, reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) on a parental skin biopsy was performed, followed by copy number analysis. Fifty responses were received. All infants had a typical appearance at birth and thereafter developed a persistent, diffuse scaly erythema with hair thinning and nail deformities. In most cases, acitretin was started shortly after birth. Approximately 54% of neonates survived into childhood and beyond. Mortality was associated with respiratory distress and sepsis. Early childhood skin infections with <i>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas</i> and MRSA were reported in one third. Problems maintaining weight necessitating nasogastric feeding in infancy and a high-calorie diet thereafter were seen in 58%. Older children experienced joint pain and there were two cases of inflammatory arthritis. While most children attended a mainstream school, 57% in the UK needed statementing. Despite the severity of the disease, the average children9s DLQI score was only 10/30. Eight novel ABCA12 mutations were identified and another three patients have been shown to harbour the common Pakistani mutation 7322delC. In the consanguineous case, a deletion of exons 12–15 was detected by RT-PCR and subsequently confirmed using copy number analysis. This is the first large-scale study of HI and provides important prognostic information for clinicians and affected families.