gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardization of deep partial-thickness scald burns in C57BL/6 mice. (2018)

Mouse burn models are used to understand the wound healing process and having a reproducible model is important. The different protocols used by researchers can lead to differences in depth of partial-thickness burn wounds. Additionally, standardizing a protocol for mouse burns in the laboratory for one strain may result in substantially different results in other strains. In our current study we describe the model development of a deep partial-thickness burn in C57BL/6 mice using hot water scalding as the source of thermal injury. As part of our model development we designed a template with specifications to allow for even contact of bare mouse skin (2×3 cm) with hot water while protecting the rest of the mouse. Burn depth was evaluated with H&E, Masson's trichrome, and TUNEL staining. Final results were validated with pathology analysis. A water temperature of 54°C with a scalding time of 20 seconds produced consistent deep partial-thickness burns with available equipment described. Other than temperature and time, factors such as template materials and cooling steps after the burn could affect the uniformity of the burns. These findings are useful to burn research by providing some key parameters essential for researchers to simplify the development of their own mouse burn models.
Utilization of organoselenium compounds. II Reaction of fused isoselenazoles with alkylamines. (1987)

A facile conversion of the methyl group of 5-amino-6-methyl-3-phenyl-4 (3H) -pyrimidinone (1) or 4-aminoantipyrine (5) to an alkyliminomethyl group by isoselenazole ring formation followed by reaction with alkylamines was carried out. 7-Oxo-6-phenyl-6H-isoselenazolo [4, 3-d] pyrimidine (2), which was obtained from 1 and selenium dioxide, was reacted with alkylamines, such as n-propylamine, isopropylamine and 3-methoxypropylamine, to give 6-alkyliminomethyl-5-amino-3-phenyl-4 (3H) -pyrimidinones (3a-d) in 47-58% yields. Treatment of 3a-d with silica gel gave 5-amino-6-formyl-3-phenyl-4 (3H) -pyrimidinone (4) in 91% yield. Similarly the reaction of 5, 6-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-5-phenyl-4H-pyrazolo [4, 3-c] isoselenazole (6) with alkylamines gave 3-alkyliminomethyl-4-amino-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-ones (7a-f) in 50-97% yields.
High-performance optical-label switching packet routers and smart edge routers for the next-generation internet (2003)

This paper discusses the architecture, protocol, analysis, and experimentation of optical packet switching routers incorporating optical-label switching (OLS) technologies and electronic edge routers with traffic shaping capabilities. The core optical router incorporates all-optical switching with contention resolution in wavelength, time, and space domains. It is also capable of accommodating traffic of any protocol and format, and supports packet, flow, burst, and circuit traffic. The edge router is designed to achieve traffic shaping with consideration for quality of service and priority based class-of-service. Simulation results show packet loss rates below 0.3% at load 0.7 and jitter values below 18 μs. The traffic shaping reduces the packet loss rate by a factor of ∼5 while adding negligible additional latency. The OLS core routers and the electronic edge routers are constructed including the field-programmable-gate-arrays incorporating the wavelength-aware forwarding and contention resolution algorithms. The experiment shows optical-label-based packet switching with a packet loss rate near 0.2%.
Image upsampling via imposed edge statistics (2007)

In this paper we propose a new method for upsampling images which is capable of generating sharp edges with reduced input-resolution grid-related artifacts. The method is based on a statistical edge dependency relating certain edge features of two different resolutions, which is generically exhibited by real-world images. While other solutions assume some form of smoothness, we rely on this distinctive edge dependency as our prior knowledge in order to increase image resolution. In addition to this relation we require that intensities are conserved; the output image must be identical to the input image when downsampled to the original resolution. Altogether the method consists of solving a constrained optimization problem, attempting to impose the correct edge relation and conserve local intensities with respect to the low-resolution input image. Results demonstrate the visual importance of having such edge features properly matched, and the method's capability to produce images in which sharp edges are successfully reconstructed.
Quantenchemische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Stabilität und Struktur von GaAs5 und InAs5 (2004)

As4 als „chemisches Taxi“: Die Beteiligung von GaAs5 und InAs5 am chemischen Transport von GaAs und InAs wurde mit quantenchemischen Methoden untersucht (siehe Bild). Der Transport wurde in Quarzampullen in einem Ofen nachvollzogen, wobei die experimentellen Ergebnisse gut mit den quantenchemischen Rechnungen korrelieren.
Stereoselective benzylic hydroxylation of alkylbenzenes and epoxidation of styrene derivatives catalyzed by the peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita (2011)

Here we report on the stereoselective benzylic hydroxylation and C1–C2 epoxidation of alkylbenzenes and styrene derivatives, respectively, by a heme-thiolate peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.1) from the fungus Agrocybe aegerita. Benzylic hydroxylation led exclusively to the (R)-1-phenylalkanols. For (R)-1-phenylethanol, (R)-1-phenylpropanol and (R)-1-tetralol, the ee reached >99%. For longer chain lengths, the enantiomeric excesses (ee) and total turnover numbers (TTN) decreased while the number of by-products, e.g. 1-phenylketones, increased. Epoxidation of straight chain and cyclic styrene derivatives gave a heterogeneous picture and resulted in moderate to excellent ee values and TTN: e.g., in the case of (1R,2S)-cis-β-methylstyrene oxide formation, an ee >99% and a TTN of 110 000 was achieved. Hydroxylation and epoxidation were true peroxygenations, which was demonstrated by the incorporation of 18O from H218O2 into the products. The use of fed-batch devices and varying feeding strategies for the substrate and co-substrate turned out to be a suitable approach to optimize peroxygenase catalysis.
[Strain effects in Zn1-xMn(x)Se superlattices of II -VI diluted magnetic semiconductors]. (1997)

We report the strain effects of Zn1-xMn(x)Se superlattices of II -VI diluted magnetic semiconductors by the photoluminescence measurements with compostions x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 in the temperature range T = 11K to 300K. The results show that the exciton energy tends to a red shift with the increasing of x due to the strain effects. The distribution of strain in wells and barriers presents a considerable change when their thickness ratio is altered. Photoluminescence spectra peaks as a function of temperature are mainly dominated by the band gap of ZnSe. The temperature coefficient of exciton energy is obtained.
Revisão: Composição química, propriedades funcionais e aplicações tecnológicas da semente de chia (Salvia hispanica L) em alimentos (2014)

A chia (Salvia hispanica L.) é uma semente antiga utilizada pelos maias e astecas como alimento para aumentar a resistência física. Essa semente é fonte natural de ácidos graxos ômega-3, fibras e proteínas, além de outros componentes nutricionais importantes, como os antioxidantes. Além disso, oferece um potencial na indústria de alimentos devido aos seus componentes funcionais, com aplicações no enriquecimento de pães, bolos e barras de cereais, produção de hidrolisados proteicos para aplicação em produtos de panificação, produção de maionese com adição de mucilagem de chia, entre outros produtos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possíveis aplicações em alimentos, demonstrando o quanto a chia ainda pode ser explorada nessa área.
On service-enhanced product recommendation guiding users through complex product specification (2015)

Complex service-enhanced products such as solar power plants and intelligent buildings are one-of-a-kind and highly customized by nature. As such on one hand the specification of their sub-products and services involve a wide variety of competitive/cooperative stakeholders and on the other hand through different stages of their long life cycle, these specification are generated in different sessions and go through many iterations. These characteristics of complex products make the process of specifying their components difficult and time-consuming. We have previously defined the tools for specification of both sub-products and their enhancing services related to complex products [1], [2]. In this paper we introduce an approach for the use of a recommender system to assist designers of sub-products with reusing the existing specifications, as well as for recommending business services that can enhance the defined sub-products. Considering that multitudinous (hundreds to thousands) components present in complex products, their specifications cannot be accomplished without proper reuse of related existing specifications in the system, shared by different stakeholders. The introduced recommender system assists designers with their specification of new components, using the previously specified components in the system, and discovers/ranks those similar components, while matching the preferences and requirements set by the users.
Study on the internal field and conduction mechanism of atomic layer deposited ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films (2015)

The effects of the internal field and conduction mechanism of carriers in ferroelectric Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> thin films are systematically investigated by controlling the in-depth profile of oxygen vacancy concentrations.
Text zero-watermark based on texture mapping coordinates (2012)

In research of copyright protection of digital text, according to the text watermark robustness and weakness of attack resistance, the irregular surface texture mapping strategy has been introduced into text zero-watermark technology, puts forward the method based on texture mapping coordinates of text zero-watermark, and constructs the construction and detection process model, and also designs the core algorithm. First, from the word level, paragraph level and text level, those levels construct the text- curved surface projection model. Then extract the center word coordinates corresponding to the plane and curved surface in the model. Last for the surface coordinates, by using the edge-vertex texture mapping and the interior point harmonic mapping, to get the texture coordinate, and then combine it with plane coordinate to build index to complete text zero-watermark construction and detection. In order to validate the watermark scheme is effectively and feasibly, simulation tests are provided. The experimental results indicate the method has good robustness and strong ability against attack, especially, for the attack toward sentence type conversion, it has more obvious advantages.
Redox Reactions in Non-aqueous Media. Determination of Xanthates and Organotrithiocarbonates (Thioxanthates) with lron(III) in Acetonitrile (1987)

Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005 Manuscript <em>received 15 November 1985, revised 21 July 1987, accepted 17 August 1987</em> The use of iron(III) perchlorate (in acetonitrile) for the visual, potentiometric and spectrophotometric determination of xanthates and organotrithiocarbonates (thio­-xanthates) in acetonitrile medium is described. The proposed methods are simple, accurate and reliable and show the promise of wide applicability.
Figure S3 from The CHK1 Inhibitor Prexasertib Exhibits Monotherapy Activity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models and Sensitizes to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RAD51 and gamma-H2AX staining in response to olaparib in HGSOC PDX models&lt;/p&gt;
Improvement in Raw Meat Texture of Cultured Eel by Feeding of Tochu Leaf Powder (1993)

The muscle of eels fed tochu (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf powder was 1.8 times harder than the control. The component analysis showed no difference in moisture, lipid, or protein content between the muscles of the control and the tochu-fed eels. Not only the extracted neutral fat but also the compound fat of the raw muscles of the tochu-fed eel and the control had the same TLC patterns and fatty acid composition by gas chromatographic analysis. There was a great difference between the tochu-fed eel and the control concerning the amount of muscle protein stroma fraction which mainly consisted of collagen. The microscopic observation showed that the perimysium and endmysium which were the main components of the stroma fraction of the muscle of the tochu-fed eel were firm and thick compared to those of the control. These findings suggested that the intake of tochu leaf powder hardened the muscle.
Effects of vasopressin on portal-systemic collaterals of cirrhotic rats (2005)

The results show that AVP produces a direct vasoconstrictive effect on the portal-systemic collaterals of BDL cirrhotic rats. The constrictive effect of AVP is mediated by the vasopressin V1, instead of V2, receptors. Nitric oxide may play a more important role than prostaglandin in modulating the collateral vascular response to AVP in BDL cirrhotic rats.
Demonstration of all-optical demultiplexing at 1555 nm with an AlGaAs directional coupler (1993)

All-optical demultiplexing of 500 fs pulses is demonstrated in an AIGaAs nonlinear directional coupler at l-55μm. © 1993, The Institution of Electrical Engineers. All rights reserved.
Age-Related Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Changes in Psychopharmacological Drugs (2015)

Demographic evolution will extensively increase the number of subjects aged 65 years and beyond in the upcoming years. This demographic trend becomes a relevant challenge for the professionals of health and a growing of medication demand, and also for deeper comprehension on how age affects the effect of drugs and their interactions. Changes in organ functions, homeostatic mechanisms and receptor responsiveness impair drug distribution, metabolism and excretion, and reduce the effectiveness of medicines. Good clinical trial data in this age group are often lacking, under-treatment is common, and increasingly fragility can make drug administration difficult. As a consequence, medication management is much more challenging in the elderly than in younger adult patients. It is well known that the pathophysiologic changes that occur in the transition from middle age to old age alter responsiveness to drugs, including psychotropic drugs. These Pharmacodynamic changes are especially important in the central nervous system (CNS), where an increasing of the sensitivity of the CNS to drug side-effects with age is observed. This chapter reviews extensively the age-related pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic changes in psychopharmacological drugs.
Capillary Liquid Chromatography at Ultrahigh Pressures (2010)

Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is a method of liquid chromatography utilizing sub-2-microm particles packed into capillary columns 25 to 100 cm long. Columns of this length packed with particles this fine require operation with pressures from 1,000 to 7,000 bar (15,000 to 100,000 psi). The advantages of this technique are high separation powers (theoretical plate counts from 100,000 to 300,000) and run times from a few minutes (isocratic) to a few hours (long gradients). This review discusses the background and theoretical basis of UHPLC, practical aspects of UHPLC hardware, examples of separations, future areas for research in UHPLC, and techniques that are both competitive with and complementary to UHPLC.
Discrimination between Schizophrenic and Control Subjects by Means of Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Measurements (1981)

In this study we were able to distinguish 10 schizophrenic subjects from 10 control subjects with 100% accuracy by measuring plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) diurnal rhythms and analyzing the data using a linear function equation. Discrimination with this high level of accuracy is in contrast to most studies of altered biological functioning in schizophrenia which have yielded inconsistent results. These findings are regarded as preliminary; further study is necessary to elicit any consistent DHEA disturbance in schizophrenics and to discover the significance for the pathophysiology of the illness. Measurements of plasma cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA-SO4, and testosterone did not provide such a basis for discrimination.
S-193 scatterometer backscattering cross section precision/accuracy for Skylab 2 and 3 missions (1975)

Procedures for measuring the precision and accuracy with which the S-193 scatterometer measured the background cross section of ground scenes are described. Homogeneous ground sites were selected, and data from Skylab missions were analyzed. The precision was expressed as the standard deviation of the scatterometer-acquired backscattering cross section. In special cases, inference of the precision of measurement was made by considering the total range from the maximum to minimum of the backscatter measurements within a data segment, rather than the standard deviation. For Skylab 2 and 3 missions a precision better than 1.5 dB is indicated. This procedure indicates an accuracy of better than 3 dB for the Skylab 2 and 3 missions. The estimates of precision and accuracy given in this report are for backscattering cross sections from -28 to 18 dB. Outside this range the precision and accuracy decrease significantly.
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection With Attribute and Edge-Preserving Filters (2017)

A novel method for anomaly detection in hyperspectral images is proposed. The method is based on two ideas. First, compared with the surrounding background, objects with anomalies usually appear with small areas and distinct spectral signatures. Second, for both the background and the objects with anomalies, pixels in the same class are usually highly correlated in the spatial domain. In this paper, the pixels with specific area property and distinct spectral signatures are first detected with attribute filtering and a Boolean map-based fusion approach in order to obtain an initial pixel-wise detection result. Then, the initial detection result is refined with edge-preserving filtering to make full use of the spatial correlations among adjacent pixels. Compared with other widely used anomaly detection methods, the experimental results obtained on real hyperspectral data sets including airport, beach, and urban scenes demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is quite competitive in terms of computing time and detection accuracy.
Throughput Guaranteed Restorable Routing Without Traffic Prediction (2006)

Two-phase routing, where traffic is first distributed to intermediate nodes before being routed to the final destination, has been recently proposed for handling widely fluctuating traffic without the need to adapt network routing to changing traffic. Pre-configuring the network in a traffic independent manner using two-phase routing simplifies network operation considerably. In this paper, we extend this routing scheme by providing resiliency against link failures through two different fast restoration mechanisms - local (link/span) based and end-to-end (path) based. We view this as important progress towards adding carrier-class reliability to the robustness of the scheme so as to facilitate its future deployment in Internet service provider (ISP) networks. The main contribution of the paper is the development of fast combinatorial algorithms for routing under the scheme with link and path restoration mechanisms so as to minimize the maximum utilization of any link in the network, or equivalently, maximize the throughput. The algorithms developed are fully polynomial time approximation schemes (FPTAS) - for any given epsi > 0, an FPTAS guarantees a solution that is within a (1 + epsi) -factor of the optimum and runs in time polynomial in the input size and 1/epsi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the literature that considers making the scheme resilient to link failures through pre-provisioned fast restoration mechanisms. We evaluate the performance of link and path restoration (in terms of throughput) and compare it with that of unprotected routing. For our experiments, we use actual ISP network topologies collected for the Rocketfuel project.
Frequency-dependent multi-offset phase analysis of surface waves: an example of high-resolution characterization of a riparian aquifer (2015)

Multi-offset phase analysis of seismic surface waves is an established technique for the extraction of dispersion curves with high spatial resolution and, consequently, for the investigation of the subsurface in terms of shear wave velocity distribution. However, field applications are rarely documented in the published literature. In this paper, we discuss an implementation of the multi-offset phase analysis consisting of the estimation of the Rayleigh wave velocity by means of a moving window with a frequency-dependent length. This allows maximizing the lateral resolution at high frequencies while warranting stability at the lower frequencies. In this way, we can retrieve the shallow lateral variability with high accuracy and, at the same time, obtain a robust surface-wave velocity measurement at depth. In this paper, we apply this methodology to a dataset collected for hydrogeophysical purposes and compare the inversion results with those obtained by using refraction seismics and electrical resistivity tomography. The surface-wave results are in good agreement with those provided by the other methods and demonstrate a superior capability in retrieving both lateral and vertical velocity variations, including inversions. Our results are further corroborated by the lithological information from a borehole drilled on the acquisition line. The availability of multi-offset phase analysis data also allows disentangling a fairly complex interpretation of the other geophysical results.
Electronic Spin Transition in Nanosize Stoichiometric Lithium Cobalt Oxide (2012)

A change in the electronic spin state of the surfaces relevant to Li (de)intercalation of nanosized stoichiometric lithium cobalt oxide LiCo(III)O(2) from low-spin to intermediate and high spin is observed for the first time. These surfaces are the ones that are relevant for Li (de)intercalation. From density functional theory calculations with a Hubbard U correction, the surface energies of the layered lithium cobalt oxide can be significantly lowered as a consequence of the spin change. The crystal field splitting of Co d orbitals is modified at the surface due to missing Co-O bonds. The electronic spin transition also has a significant impact on Co(III)-Co(IV) redox potential, as revealed by the change in the lithium (de)intercalation voltage profile in a lithium half cell.