gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Defect Distribution on Resistive Switching Characteristics of Sr2TiO4 Thin Films (2009)

The resistive switching properties of Sr2TiO4 thin films with specific defect distribution have been studied. Junctions of Sr2TiO4 thin films containing a high density of defects show well-pronounced resistive switching properties while those with well-ordered microstructure exhibited insignificant hysteresis windows. This work clearly demonstrates the crucial role of defects for the microscopic switching mechanisms in oxide thin films. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Motivation for DOC III: 64-bit digital optical computer (1991)

This interferometer is designed to measure 75x40 cm laser glass. The entire surface is measured at a Brewsters angle, 56.57°, with an s-polarization beam. The reflected beam is retro-reflected by a highly reflective mirror. Thus, a 75x40 cm surface can be tested with a 60-cm aperture. The most troublesome problem is the ghost reflection from the rear surface of a flat while the front surface is being measured. After the second surface is polished, both surfaces are reflective and their beams can interfere. However, the second surface of a flat is to be polished to ensure the transmitted wavefront quality, not the quality of the surface itself. Therefore, the second surface does not need to be measured directly. To avoid reflection from both surfaces, the laser is switched to a p-polarization after the first surface is measured while the flat is still at a Brewster's angle. Thus, the transmitted wavefront is not affected by the reflection. We believe that a 60-cm clear aperture, Fizeau phase-shifting interferometer is the most practical and accurate instrument for testing 75x40 cm optical flats. In this paper, we briefly summarize the important design factors, and show in theory that the design can meet the required performance.
Compressed Sensing of Delay and Doppler Spreading in Underwater Acoustic Channels (2018)

The measurements of delay and Doppler (DD) spreading in underwater acoustic channels (UACs) have multiple applications, including communications as well as the development of a dynamic UAC simulator. However, these measurements suffer from the difficulties of fast time variations and large data sets. This paper addresses an efficient compressed sensing (CS) method to solve these problems. First, the DD spreading in UACs is studied by using a doubly spread model; second, the least-square criterion is implemented and its limit is analyzed. Subsequently, the matching pursuit (MP) method is applied to the problem by exploiting the sparsity of the DD model-based UACs. Although the MP method improves the performance of the LS method, it has unavoidable deficiencies, e.g., the redundant selections of bases that lead to a limited measurement of DD spreading. Thus, this paper proposes an improved version by inserting a projection matrix. The projected MP (PMP) method adopts QR decomposition for an efficient computation. Finally, at-sea data-based comparisons among the above mentioned three methods are conducted to verify the superiority of the PMP method.
Correlating Tomographic Chemical Inhomogeneity and Low Energy Electronic Structure in Layered Quantum Materials (2023)

Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) is a suite of experimental tools to learn about the electronic and chemical structure of materials and surfaces. Normally implemented in a surface-sensitive manner, the research performed under this grant focused on pushing PES into less explored regimes, to reveal bulk electronic structure, to reveal tomographic (layer-resolved) chemistry and electronic structure of layered materials and heterostructures, and to reveal interface phenomena at the junction of two different materials. Standing wave (SW) spectroscopies have also been applied to PdCoO2, a material of interest due to its high conductivity and electron-hydrodynamic tendencies. This material can be modeled as an alternating layered structure consisting of metallic Pd layers and insulating CoO2 layers. Using SW XPS, the total electronic structure has been decomposed into contributions from the two layers, and computations highlighted the different many-body interactions in the two layers (Comm. Phys. 4, 143 (2021)). We have also used hard-x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), to investigate LaB6, a technologically important material with widespread application as a cathode material for electron microscopes. We measured the bulk electronic structure of this material and found that the one-step model of photoemission better captured the electronic structure and correlations. This model treats the three steps of the photoemission process--excitation, transport of the photoelectron to the crystal surface, and escape into the vacuum—as a single quantum mechanically coherent process (Phys. Rev. Mater. 5, 055002 (2021)). We also applied x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, implemented in a near total reflection grazing incidence geometry to elucidate technologically relevant interfaces, such as those between a substrate and photoresist (J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 464002 (2021)).
SensorWatermark: a scheme of software watermark using code obfuscation and tamperproofing for WSN (2015)

This paper proposes a framework for embedding a software watermark using obfuscation and tamper-proofing techniques, called SensorWatermark in order to inhibit piracy of embedded software in sensor nodes in a WSN. The watermark scheme proposed is characterized as an ordered sequence of obfuscations and guards implemented in the software, where such sequence identifies the software author. SensorWatermark is able to correctly identify the author from the embedded watermark and does not affect negatively the constrained resources of a sensor device. Finally, SensorWatermark is resilient and stealthy to certain attacks, as demonstrated in the experiments.
Novel MRI detection of the ischemic penumbra: direct assessment of metabolic integrity (2011)

We describe a novel magnetic resonance imaging technique to directly assess the metabolic integrity of penumbral tissue following stroke. For ischemically stressed tissue to be salvageable, it has to be capable of recovering aerobic metabolism (in place of anaerobic metabolism) on reperfusion. We probed ischemic brain tissue by altering the rate of oxygen delivery using a challenge of 100% oxygen ventilation. Any change from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism should alter the rate of lactate production and hence, levels of tissue lactate. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. In Series 1 (n = 6), changes in tissue lactate during and following 100% oxygen challenge were monitored using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) were used to locate MRS voxels within the ischemic core, the homotopic contralateral striatum and within PWI/DWI mismatch (i.e. presumed penumbra). After 20 min of oxygen, lactate signal change was -16.1 ± 8.8% (mean ± SD) in PWI/DWI mismatch, +2.8 ± 5.1% in the ischemic core, and -0.6 ± 7.6% in the contralateral striatum. Return to air ventilation for 20 min resulted in a reversal, with lactate increasing by 46 ± 25.3% in the PWI/DWI mismatch, 6.6 ± 6.2% in the ischemic core, and -5 ± 11.4% in the contralateral striatum. In Series 2 (n = 6), a novel form of spectroscopic imaging was used to acquire lactate change maps to spatially identify regions of lactate change within the ischemic brain. This technique has potential clinical utility by identifying tissue that displays anaerobic metabolism capable of recovering aerobic metabolism when oxygen delivery is increased, which could provide a more precise assessment of penumbra.
IBM zEnterprise 196 processor (2010)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on IBM's zEnterprise 196 processor. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features, system specifications, and system design for these products; system architectures; applications for use; platforms supported; processing capabilities; memory capabilities; and targeted markets.
Long-term safety and efficacy of mogamulizumab (anti-CCR4) for treating virus-associated myelopathy (2023)

Some carriers of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus that primarily infects CD4+ T cells and causes lifelong infection, develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Current treatments for HAM/TSP are insufficient with problematic long-term side effects. This study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of the anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab in patients with HAM/TSP over a 4-year period. We conducted an open-label, extended long-term study (UMIN trial number: UMIN000019942) of a phase 1-2a trial with mogamulizumab for HAM/TSP (UMIN000012655). The study participants were patients with corticosteroid-resistant HAM/TSP who could walk 10 m with or without assistive tools. Mogamulizumab was administered at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg at intervals of ≥8 weeks (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) or ≥12 weeks (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg). HTLV-1 proviral load, CSF inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms were summarized by descriptive statistics. Missing observations were imputed using the last-observation-carried-forward method. As a post hoc analysis, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of mogamulizumab on gait function by comparing it with contemporary control data from a HAM/TSP patient registry. Of the 21 participants in the phase 1-2a, 18 (86%) enrolled in the long-term study and 15 (71%) continued repeated doses of mogamulizumab for 4 years. The median dose was 0.1 mg/kg after 4 years. Seventeen of 21 participants (81%) experienced grade 1-2 skin-related adverse events. Observed grade 3 drug-related adverse effects included three cases of lymphopenia and one case each of microscopic polyangiitis, elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, and neutropenia. Four of 21 participants (19%) developed neutralizing antibodies. After 4 years, the peripheral blood proviral load and the number of infected cells in CSF decreased by 60.7% and 66.3%, respectively. Neopterin and CXCL10 CSF concentrations decreased by 37.0% and 31.0%, respectively. Among the 18 participants, spasticity and Osame Motor Disability Score (OMDS) improved in 17 (94%) and four (22%), respectively. However, 10 m walking time worsened by 7.3% on average. Comparison with the contemporary control group demonstrated that mogamulizumab inhibited OMDS progression (P = 0.02). The results of the study suggest that mogamulizumab has long-term safety and inhibitory effects on lower limb motor disability progression in corticosteroid-treated patients with HAM/TSP. This will provide a basis for the application of mogamulizumab in HAM/TSP treatment.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer in a Finitely Conducting Externally Finned Pipe (1988)

A numerical study to determine the influence of axial wall conduction on forced convection heat transfer in an externally finned pipe has been made. The effects of wall conductivity, interfin spacing, and external heat transfer coefficient are examined by comparing the results with the corresponding solutions obtained assuming negligible wall conduction. Results indicate that the axial conduction in the pipe walls has a significant influence on the heat transfer behavior. The bulk temperature or the heat transferred to the fluid is underestimated when wall conduction is ignored. At high wall conductivity values, the wall temperatures and Nusselt numbers exhibit a monotonic variation in the axial direction, with the behavior becoming increasingly nonmonotonic as the wall conductivity value is decreased.
Synthesis of New Tri- and Tetraheterocyclic Systems: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrilimines on 2,7-Dimethyl-4-Phenyl-3H-1,5-Benzodiazepine (1998)

Abstract We report here a one-step synthesis of a new series of tri and tetraheterocyclic systems by the mixed condensation reactions of N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitrilimines and diarylnitrilimines with 2,7-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine This 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is completely peri and regioselective The structure of these products has been confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines). Part 21. Synthesis of 2-substituted 8-azapurin-6-ones from 4-amino-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamides and amidines (1979)

4-Amino-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamides (3)(several of them alkylated on a ring-nitrogen atom) were condensed with the acetates of acetamidine, trichloroacetamidine, and benzamidine to give the correspondingly 2-substituted 8-azapurin-6-ones (1). Thus, 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamide (3b) and acetamidine furnished 2,7-dimethyl-8-azapurin-6-one in excellent yield. The reactions involving trichloroacetamidine halted at an intermediate [e.g. at 4-(α-amino-βββ-trichloroethylideneamino)-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamide (2d)] which was isolated and cyclized in aqueous alkali. Physical properties (u.v., i.r., m/e, pKa, n.m.r.) of typical products were measured and discussed.
GLP-1 stimulates insulin release without rise of cytosolic calcium in rat insulinoma cells (1989)

Journal Article GLP-1 stimulates insulin release without rise of cytosolic calcium in rat insulinoma cells Get access M E Trautmann, M E Trautmann Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Göke, R Göke Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Richter, G Richter Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H C Fehmann, H C Fehmann Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B Göke, B Göke Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Arnold R Arnold Zentrum Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 120, Issue 3_Supplement, Jun 1989, Pages S7–S8, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.120S007 Published: 01 June 1989
Involvement of Prostaglandin E and Adenosine 3′ 5′‐Monophosphate in Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Collagenase Release by Rat Kupffer Cells (1982)

Kupffer cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro synthesized collagenase and released the major portion of it into the extracellular space while the intracellular level of enzyme was not altered significantly. Cycloheximide prevented the appearance of collagenase in the medium indicating de novo synthesis. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, also blocked collagenase synthesis. In line with this observation. Kupffer cells were found to synthesize substantial amounts of prostaglandin E2 when exposed to lipopolysaccharide; concomitantly, cellular cAMP levels were increased. Indomethacin was shown to abolish the stimulated cAMP formation. Addition to the culture medium of cAMP or dibutyryladenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate as well as of prostaglandin E2 or, to a lesser extent, prostaglandin E1 allowed indomethacin-inhibited cells to resume the production of collagenase. It is proposed that in rat Kupffer cells lipopolysaccharide-elicited collagenase synthesis and excretion is mediated sequentially by stimulated production of prostaglandin E2, enhanced adenylate cyclase activity and increased intracellular cAMP levels.
Seismic noise tomography in regions with small velocity contrasts and strong noise directivity: application to the northern Baltic Shield (2012)

Ambient noise tomography (ANT) is widely used to image strong velocity variations within the upper crust . Using careful processing, we obtained a 3-D model of shear velocities in the upper crust beneath northern Finland, where the lateral velocity variations are less than 3%. As part of the tomography, the noise field is analysed. It is strongly heterogeneous but the signal to noise ratio is sufficient to obtain stable dispersion curves for all profile azimuths. Our results show that the directions of dominant noise sources of Rayleigh and Love waves are the same, but the amplitude distribution with azimuth is different for the two types of waves. More intriguingly, the high frequency Love waves are dominated by a mixture of higher modes rather than the fundamental mode. The reconstructed 3-D model shows the Lapland Granulite Belt as a high velocity body with a limit at surface in excellent agreement with geological observations at surface. Following this interface at depth, our results are compatible with previous studies suggesting an archean north oriented subduction.
Elucidating the hypoxic stress response in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during waterlogging: A proteomics approach (2018)

Abstract Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects barley production and yield quality. Proteomics techniques have been widely utilized to explore the mechanisms involved in the responses to abiotic stress. In this study, two barley genotypes with contrasting responses to waterlogging stress were analyzed with proteomic technology. The waterlogging treatment caused a greater reduction in biomass and photosynthetic performance in the waterlogging-sensitive genotype TF57 than that in the waterlogging-tolerant genotype TF58. Under waterlogging stress, 30, 30, 20 and 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified through tandem mass spectrometry analysis in the leaves, adventitious roots, nodal roots and seminal roots, respectively. Among these proteins, photosynthesis-, metabolism- and energy-related proteins were differentially expressed in the leaves, with oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, ATP synthase subunit and heat shock protein 70 being up-regulated in TF58. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), 1-amino cyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and beta-1, 3-glucanase in adventitious, nodal and seminal roots were more abundant in TF58 than those in TF57 under waterlogging stress. Ten representative genes were selected for validation by qRT-PCR in different genotypes with known waterlogging tolerance, and the expression levels of three candidate genes ( PDC , ACO and GST ) increased in the roots of all genotypes in response to the waterlogging stress. These three genes might play a significant role in the adaptation process of barley under waterlogging stress. The current results partially determined the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance and provided valuable information for the breeding of barley with enhanced tolerance to waterlogging.
<title>Highly transmissive ion implanted germanium windows</title> (2001)

Ion implantation and diffusion have been used to create conductive layers in germanium windows while maintaining high LWIR transmission. We have reduced the sheet resistance to below 5 ohms/square while limiting transmission losses to less than 9% in the 8-12 micron range.
Real-time detection of musical onsets with linear prediction and sinusoidal modeling (2011)

Real-time musical note onset detection plays a vital role in many audio analysis processes, such as score following, beat detection and various sound synthesis by analysis methods. This article provides a review of some of the most commonly used techniques for real-time onset detection. We suggest ways to improve these techniques by incorporating linear prediction as well as presenting a novel algorithm for real-time onset detection using sinusoidal modelling. We provide comprehensive results for both the detection accuracy and the computational performance of all of the described techniques, evaluated using Modal, our new open source library for musical onset detection, which comes with a free database of samples with hand-labelled note onsets.
Activity of the rat osteocalcin basal promoter in osteoblastic cells is dependent upon homeodomain and CP1 binding motifs. (1994)

A detailed analysis of the transcriptional machinery responsible for osteoblast-specific gene expression should provide tools useful for understanding osteoblast commitment and differentiation. We have defined three cis-elements important for basal activity of the rat osteocalcin (OC) promoter, located at about -200 to -180, -170 to -138, and -121 to -64 relative to the transcription initiation site. A motif (TCTGATTGTGT) present in the region between -200 and -170 that binds a multisubunit CP1/NFY/CBF-like CAAT factor complex contributes significantly to high level basal activity and presumably functions as the CAAT box for the rat OC promoter. We show that the region -121 to 32 is sufficient to confer osteoblastic cell type specificity in transient transfection assays of cultured cell lines using luciferase as a reporter. The basal promoter is active in rodent osteoblastic cell lines, but not in rodent fibroblastic or muscle cell lines. Although the rat OC box (-100 to -74) contains a CAAT motif, we could not detect CP1-like CAAT factor binding to this region. In fact, we demonstrate that a Msx-1 (Hox 7.1) homeodomain binding motif (ACTAATTG; bottom strand) in the 3'-end of the rat OC box is necessary for high level activity of the rat OC basal promoter in osteoblastic cells. A nuclear factor that recognizes this motif appears to be present in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells, which produce OC, but not in fibroblastic ROS 25/1 cells, which fail to express OC. This ROS 17/2.8 nuclear factor also recognizes the A/T-rich DNA cognates of the homeodomain-containing POU family of transcription factors. Taken together, these data suggest that a ubiquitous CP1-like CAAT factor and a cell type-restricted homeodomain containing (Msx or POU family) transcription factor interact with the proximal rat OC promoter to direct appropriate basal OC transcription in osteoblastic cells.
Phase behavior and interfacial properties of nonadditive mixtures of Onsager rods (2005)

Within a second virial theory, we study bulk phase diagrams as well as the free planar isotropic-nematic interface of binary mixtures of nonadditive thin and thick hard rods. For species of the same type, the excluded volume is determined only by the dimensions of the particles, whereas for dissimilar ones it is taken to be larger or smaller than that, giving rise to a nonadditivity that can be positive or negative. We argue that such a nonadditivity can result from modeling of soft interactions as effective hard-core interactions. The nonadditivity enhances or reduces the fractionation at isotropic-nematic (IN) coexistence and may induce or suppress a demixing of the high-density nematic phase into two nematic phases of different composition (N(1) and N(2)), depending on whether the nonadditivity is positive or negative. The interfacial tension between coexisting isotropic and nematic phases shows an increase with increasing fractionation at the IN interface, and complete wetting of the IN(2) interface by the N(1) phase upon approach of the triple-point coexistence. In all explored cases bulk and interfacial properties of the nonadditive mixtures exhibit a striking and quite unexpected similarity with the properties of additive mixtures of different diameter ratio.