gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel replacement mechanism for multithread (2002)

This paper presents a new rapid thread replacement mechanism which is important in multithread technology. Analysis to the memory system indicates that the memory utilization decreases with the increase of cache hit ratio. The parallelism between thread computation and thread replacement is found by analyzing their working processes. Based on these, we advance a rapid multithread replacement mechanism which overlaps the thread replacement with thread computation. More especially, with finite hardware contexts, this mechanism can play the same role of infinite contexts by tolerating the replacement overhead. By modifying the general thread switching model, we build the thread replacement model and evaluate this mechanism in theory and experiment methods. At last, we discuss the hardware implementation and put forward the problems to be resolved in the future.
Second Generation Advanced Reburning for High Eficiency NO(x) Control (1997)

This project is designed to develop a family of novel NO{sub x} control technologies, called Second Generation Advanced Reburning which has the potential to achieve 90+% NO{sub x} control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than SCR. The sixth reporting period (January I - March 31, 1997) included both experimental and modeling activities. New kinetic experimental data for high-temperature decomposition of sodium carbonate were obtained in a flow reactor at the University of Texas in Austin. Pilot scale combustion tests in a 1.0 MMBtu/hr Boiler Simulator Facility were continued with firing coal and using natural gas as reburn fuel. The results demonstrate that over 90% NO control is achievable by injecting one or two N-agents with sodium promoters into the reburning zone and with the overfire air. Advanced reburning technologies does not cause significant byproduct emissions. The AR kinetic model was updated to include chemical reactions of sodium carbonate decomposition. Modeling was conducted on evaluation of the effect of sodium on process kinetics in the rebuming zone. This study revealed that increasing or decreasing radical concentrations in the presence of sodium can significantly affect the reactions responsible for NO reduction under fuel-rich conditions. The effect of mixing time on performance with sodium was also evaluated. Initial activities on engineering design methodology for second generation AR improvements are described.
Size effect on tumor treatment with PEGylated liposomal drugs in a tumor-bearing mouse model (2011)

1737 Objectives PEGylated liposomes are important drug carriers, which can passively target tumor by enhanced permeability and retention effect in neoplasm lesions. This study evaluated the influence of tumor size on the therapeutic efficacy of In-111 and/or vinorelbine (VNB)-encapsulated PEGylated liposomes in a C26/tk-luc colon carcinoma-bearing mouse model. Methods PEGylated liposomes (NanoX) and those encapsulated with VNB (NanoVNB) were labeled with In-111 to afford InNanoX or InVNBL. BALB/c mice bearing C26/tk-luc tumors (small, 58.4 ± 8.0 mm3; large, 102.4 ± 22.0 mm3) in the right dorsal flank were individually administered intravenously with NanoX, NanoVNB, InNanoX or InVNBL 3 times in 2 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weight loss, tumor growth inhibition and survival fraction. The scintigraphic imaging was also performed during the period of treatment. Results The radiochemical purity of InNanoX and InVNBL were both > 90%. Biodistribution studies showed high tumor uptake since 24 h post injection (p.i.) of InVNBL, especially in the small-tumor bearing mice. In both small-tumor and large-tumor mouse models, mice treated with InVNBL showed the best tumor growth inhibition rate and the highest survival rate compared with those treated with other drugs. All liposomal drugs showed better therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing small tumors than those bearing large tumors. InVNBL-SPECT imaging also revealed significant tumor targeting, especially in small-tumor bearing mice, during the period of treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrates that InVNBL is a potent antitumor agent especially in the small-tumor bearing mouse model. The results suggest that PEGylated liposomal drugs may be most valuable for the treatment initiated at the early stage of tumor’s growth or tumor metastases
A fast method for automated detection of blood vessels in retinal images (2002)

This paper presents a fast method for automated detection of blood vessels in retinal images. Edges of blood vessels are first extracted by Sobel operators. To make the algorithm fast, edge thinning is employed to preserve only one seed point along each cross section of the vessels. Local windowing and local thresholding are then applied to each preserved seed point to transform the local gray-scale images to a binary map. Twelve binary matched filters are employed to search for vessel segments and the final vessel map is obtained by a single-linkage region growing technique with adaptive thresholds.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 7‐Deazaneplanocin A (V) Against Orthopoxviruses (Vaccinia and Cowpox Virus). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gratings Mask Bars and Bars Mask Gratings: Visual Frequency Response to Aperiodic Stimuli (1972)

Gratings and bars produce unexpected mutual visual masking. A grating masks a bar much less than a bar masks a bar; and a bar masks a grating uniformly over the grating field. These effects suggest that neural populations selective for size and orientation may be involved in frequency analysis rather than in simple feature detection.
High-Resolution Magnetic Field Mapping System With an NMR Probe (2016)

This paper presents a high-resolution magnetic field mapping system in development that is capable of collecting spatial magnetic field data for NMR magnets. An NMR probe was designed and built with a resonant frequency of 5.73 MHz. The measured Q-factor of the NMR probe is ~191 with a half-power bandwidth in the range of 5.72-5.75 MHz. An RF continuous-wave technique with magnetic field modulation was utilized to detect the power dispersion of water molecules. The zero-crossing frequency of the NMR dispersion signal corresponds to the magnetic field at the center of the water sample. An embedded system was developed to sweep the frequency and record the reflected RF power simultaneously. A numerically controlled digital oscillator is able to provide a precise frequency step as small as 0.02 Hz, which is equivalent to 4.7 e-7 mT for hydrogen atoms. An RF preamplifier was built to supply up to 4 W of RF power to a bidirectional coupler. The coupler supplies RF power to the NMR probe and channels reflect the RF power back to the detection circuit, which detects the reflected RF power from the NMR probe during the frequency sweep. The homogeneity of an NMR magnet can be determined by magnetic field data.
Joint Deployment Optimization of Parallelized SFCs and BVNFs in Multi-Access Edge Computing (2023)

In multi-access edge computing (MEC) networks, parallelized service function chains (P-SFCs) can provide low-delay network services for mobile users by deploying virtualized network functions (VNFs) to process user requests in parallel. These VNFs are unreliable due to software faults and server failures. A practical way to address this is to deploy idle backup VNFs (BVNFs) near these active VNFs and activate them when active VNFs fail. However, deploying BVNFs preempts server resources and decreases the number of accepted user requests. Thus, this paper proposes a reliability enhancement approach that uses BVNFs satisfying the delay requirement as active VNFs to form P-SFCs, which contributes to the delay reduction and reliability enhancement. Since the resource capacities of edge servers can only deploy a certain number of P-SFCs and BVNFs, establishing how to deploy the minimum number of P-SFCs and BVNFs to satisfy the delay and reliability requirements of mobile users and maximize the number of accepted user requests is a challenging problem. In this paper, we first model the dynamics of delay and reliability caused by VNF parallelization and BVNFs deployment, then formulate the joint deployment problem of P-SFCs and BVNFs. Next, we design an approximation algorithm to deploy critical VNFs and BVNFs on a target edge server and schedule the data traffic of user requests processed by P-SFCs. Experimental results based on real-world datasets show that our proposed algorithm outperforms two benchmark algorithms in terms of throughput, delay, reliability, and resource utilization.
Oxygen Affinity and Electrolyte Distribution of Human Blood: Changes Induced by Propranolol (1973)

Propranolol causes a massive leakage of potassium ions from red cells, which results in an alteration of the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium across the red cell membrane. According to such a mechanism, the presence of propranolol significantly increases the hydrogen ion activity of the interior of the red cell, causing a decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin according to the classical Bohr effect. No release of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which may be bound to the membrane is thus necessary to explain the effect of propranolol on the oxygen dissociation curve of blood.
The analysis of lipids via HPLC with a charged aerosol detector (2006)

Because most lipid extracts are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated molecules, the most successful strategies for the quantitative analysis of lipids have involved the use of so-called "mass" or universal detectors such as flame ionization detectors and evaporative light scattering detectors. Recently a new type of HPLC "mass" detector, a charged aerosol detector (CAD), was developed and is now commercially available. This detection method involves nebulizing the HPLC column effluent, evaporating the solvents, charging the aerosol particles, and measuring the current from the charged aerosol flux. In the present study, the CAD was evaluated with several normal phase and reverse phase HPLC methods commonly used for the quantitative analysis of lipid classes and lipid molecular species. The CAD detected common lipids such as triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols. Lower molecular weight lipids such as free FA had smaller peak areas (50-80% lower). FAME were not detected by the CAD, probably because they were completely evaporated and did not form aerosol particles. The minimum limits of detection of the CAD with lipids varied with different mobile phase solvents. Using solvent systems that were predominantly hexane, the minimum limits of detection of triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free sterols were about 1 ng per injection and the mass-to-peak area ratio was nearly linear from the range of about 1 ng to about 20 mg per injection. Three other solvents commonly used for HPLC lipid analysis (methanol, isopropanol, and acetonitrile) caused higher levels of background noise and higher minimum limits of detection. These experiments indicate that the CAD has the potential to become a valuable tool for the quantitative HPLC analysis of lipids. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate full instrument performance.
Physical Mapping and Functional Assignment of the Geranylgeranyl-Bacteriochlorophyll Reductase Gene, bchP , of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1999)

The bacteriochlorophyll of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is esterified with phytol. The presence of this alcohol moiety is essential for the correct assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus. Despite this, and the fact that R. sphaeroides is widely used for the study of structure-function relationships in photosynthesis, the molecular genetics of the steps in which the alcohol is added and modified have not previously been investigated in this organism. Sequencing near the center of the photosynthesis gene cluster has now revealed the existence of an open reading frame encoding a putative 394-amino-acid polypeptide displaying strong homology with the products of a number of genes from other photosynthetic organisms, each proposed to be responsible for the reduction of the alcohol moiety of (bacterio)chlorophyll to phytol. An R. sphaeroides transposon mutant in this gene, bchP, possessed a structurally modified photosystem assembled with bacteriochlorophyll esterified with geranylgeraniol, rather than with phytol, implying that the product of this gene was geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyll reductase. This identification was confirmed by the performance of in vitro assays using heterologously expressed protein, providing the first direct demonstration of the activity of a bchP gene product.
Ricinus communis Contains an Acyl‐CoA Synthetase that Preferentially Activates Ricinoleate to Its CoA Thioester (2007)

As part of our effort to identify enzymes that are critical for producing large amounts of ricinoleate in castor oil, we have isolated three cDNAs encoding acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in the castor plant. Analysis of the cDNA sequences reveals that two of them, designated RcACS 2 and RcACS 4, contain complete coding regions corresponding to 694 and 690 amino acids, respectively. The third cDNA, RcACS 1, encodes a truncated gene sequence. The RcACS 2 and RcACS 4 share 77% identity at the amino acid sequence level. Complementation tests showed that both RcACS 2 and RcACS 4 successfully restored growth of a yeast mutant strain (YB525) deficient in ACS. Lysates from yeast cells expressing RcACS 2 and 4 were enzymatically active when using 14C-labeled oleic acid as a substrate. A cell fractionation study indicates that RcACS 2 and 4 are mainly associated with membranes. Substrate specificity assays indicate that the RcACS 2 preferentially activates ricinoleate, while the RcACS 4 has a preference for nonhydroxy fatty acids.
Polymorphism in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Based on Indacenodithienothiophene (2021)

Abstract Organic solar cells incorporating non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies of over 18%. Unlike fullerene derivatives, NFAs tend to crystallize from solutions, resulting in bulk heterojunctions that include a crystalline acceptor phase. This must be considered in any morphology‐function models. Here, it is confirmed that high‐performing solution‐processed indacenodithienothiophene‐based NFAs, i.e., ITIC and its derivatives ITIC‐M, ITIC‐2F, and ITIC‐Th, exhibit at least two crystalline forms. In addition to highly ordered polymorphs that form at high temperatures, NFAs arrange into a low‐temperature metastable phase that is readily promoted via solution processing and leads to the highest device efficiencies. Intriguingly, the low‐temperature forms seem to feature a continuous network that favors charge transport despite of a poorly order along the π–π stacking direction. As the optical absorption of the structurally more disordered low‐temperature phase can surpass that of the more ordered polymorphs while displaying comparable—or even higher—charge transport properties, it is argued that such a packing structure is an important feature for reaching highest device efficiencies, thus, providing guidelines for future materials design and crystal engineering activities.
Genomic Analysis Reveals Variation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the Attenuated M. tuberculosis H37Ra Strain (1999)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is an attenuated tubercle bacillus closely related to the virulent type strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Despite extensive study, the reason for the decreased virulence of M. tuberculosis H37Ra has not been determined. A genomic approach was therefore initiated to identify genetic differences between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra as a means of pinpointing the attenuating mutation(s). Digestion with the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease DraI revealed two polymorphisms between the strains: a 480-kb fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Rv was replaced by two fragments of 220 and 260 kb in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, while there was a approximately 7.9-kb DraI fragment in M. tuberculosis H37Ra that had no counterpart in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. As the M. tuberculosis insertion sequence IS6110 contains a single DraI restriction site, it was considered possible that these polymorphisms were the result of IS6110 transposition events in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, events that may have inactivated virulence genes. The 7.9-kb polymorphism was found to be due to the presence of the previously described H37Rv RvD2 deletion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra, with sequence analysis suggesting an IS6110-mediated deletion mechanism for loss of RvD2. Three other IS6110-catalyzed deletions from the M. tuberculosis H37Rv chromosome (RvD3 to RvD5) were also identified, suggesting that this mechanism plays an important role in genome plasticity in the tubercle bacilli. Comparative mapping and sequencing revealed that the 480-kb polymorphism was due to an IS6110 insertion in M. tuberculosis H37Ra near oriC. Complementation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra with a 2.9-kb restriction fragment from M. tuberculosis H37Rv that encompassed the IS6110 insertion did not increase the survival of recombinant M. tuberculosis H37Ra in mice. In conclusion, this study describes the presence and mechanisms of genomic variation between M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. tuberculosis H37Rv, although the role that they play in the attenuation of M. tuberculosis H37Ra is unclear.
Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air - A Review (1994)

A review is presented of investigations of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in indoor air of buildings of different classifications (dwellings, offices, schools, hospitals) and categories (established, new and complaint buildings). Measured concentrations obtained from the published literature and from research in progress overseas were pooled so that VOC concentration profiles could be derived for each building classification/category. Mean concentrations of individual compounds in established buildings were found to be generally below 50 μg/m3, with most below 5 μg/m3. Concentrations in new buildings were much greater, often by an order of magnitude or more, and appeared to arise from construction materials and building contents. The nature of these sources and approaches to reduce indoor air concentrations by limiting source VOC emissions is discussed. Total VOC (TVOC) concentrations were substantially higher than concentrations of any individual VOCs in all situations, reflecting the large number of compounds present, but interpretation of such measurements was limited by the lack of a common definition for TVOC relevant to occupant exposure.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with a Trial of Labor after Prior Cesarean Delivery (2004)

A trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery is associated with a greater perinatal risk than is elective repeated cesarean delivery without labor, although absolute risks are low. This information is relevant for counseling women about their choices after a cesarean section.
ChemInform Abstract: BRONCHODILATATORISCHE‐WIRKUNG VON PROSTAGLANDINEN (1973)

Abstract Die Wirkung der Prostaglandine E1 und E2 als Bronchodilatatoren wird an Katzen, Meerschweinchen, Affen und Hunden untersucht.
Region-Specific Vulnerability of Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Experimental Diabetes (2016)

Purpose: Alzheimer disease (AD), involved the abnormal metabolism of β-amyloid and tau, is the major cause of dementia among elderly. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as a risk factor of AD. Two pathological lesions of AD, Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, are linked to neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation, are also induced by abnormal glucose metabolism. Here, we examined the effects of experimental DM in tau transgenic mice Tg601 (overexpressing wild-type human tau) and analyzed the brain regional difference occurred due to DM in AD.
Protamine selectively inhibits collagen synthesis by human intestinal smooth muscle cells and other mesenchymal cells (1989)

Collagen synthesis is a major function of human intestinal smooth muscle (HISM) cells and contributes to intestinal fibrosis in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. As an extension of previous in vitro studies of the role of heparin in regulating HISM cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, the effect of protamine sulfate was studied. Protamine decreased collagen production by 50% in confluent and proliferating cultures. This effect was concentration-dependent and was selective for collagen in that neither noncollagen production nor DNA accumulation in the culture plates was affected. Other human mesenchymal cells which produce collagen, such as dermal fibroblasts and aortic smooth muscle cells, responded to protamine in a similar fashion. Protamine has a strong cationic charge and is rich in lysine and arginine. To determine which of these properties was important in decreasing collagen production, the effect of protamine was compared to that of other polyionic compounds. Poly-L-lysine decreased collagen production to a lesser degree than protamine. Poly-L-arginine was toxic to the cells. Poly-L-glutamic acid, which has an opposite charge to protamine, had no effect. These findings suggest that both the number and the arrangement of lysyl residues, in addition to positive charge, are important. Binding assays demonstrated that protamine did not inhibit collagen production by binding to ascorbate in the culture medium. Electrophoretic separation and chromatography of collagen types expressed following protamine treatment showed that the ratio of type I to type III collagen remained 2:1. This observation suggests that suppression of collagen production is not specific to a particular collagen type. The selective inhibition of collagen production by protamine provides an important tool to study the regulation of collagen production in human cells and may also provide potential therapy of fibrotic disorders.
[Mutations and expressions of p53 gene during the liver tumor promotion by microcystin LR]. (2011)

目前所检测到的微囊藻毒素(microcystin，MC)异构体将近80种[1]。其中，微囊藻毒素LR (MCLR)因其毒性大、分布广，已成为目前研究热点，但对其致毒机制，尤其致肝肿瘤机制尚不清楚。我们根据二阶段致癌理论建立MCLR中期动物模型，并分析与细胞周期密切相关的基因p53、p21waf1基因在MCLR促肝癌过程的变化，为更深入了解MCLR的促癌机制提供帮助。 关键词：γ-谷氨酰转移酶; 基因，p53; 基因突变;p21waf1; 微囊藻毒素LR
SECONDARY DROPLET EMULSION : MECHANISM AND EFFECTS OF LIQUID CRYSTAL FORMATION IN O/W EMULSION (1984)

Abstract The structure and formation mechanism of secondary droplets in O/W emulsions and the contribution of their formation to the properties of emulsions were investigated. It was found that the secondary droplets were the aggregates of the emulsion droplets surrounded by the liquid crystal of closed lamella type composed of surfactant, fatty alcohol, and water. In order to form the secondary droplets, the presence of an appropriate amount of fatty alcohol and the control of HLB in an appropriate range were necessary. The formation mechanism of the secondary droplets was explained by the dissolved state of fatty alcohol during emulsification. The physicochemical properties of the emulsion changed greatly due to the formation of the secondary droplets: a yield value newly appeared ; the stability and water-retaining ability of the emulsion were improved. All of these results are attributed to the fact that the liquid crystal is formed in the continuous phase of the emulsion, thus fixing the emulsion droplets as well as water.