gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue Tropisms in Group a Streptococcal Infections (2010)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen that is highly prevalent throughout the world. The vast majority of GAS infections lead to a mild disease involving the epithelial surfaces of either the throat or skin. The concept of distinct sets of 'throat' and 'skin' strains of GAS has long been conceived. From an ecological standpoint, the epithelium of the throat and skin are important because it is where the organism is most successful in reproducing and transmitting to new hosts. This article examines key features of the epidemiology, population biology and molecular pathogenesis that underlie the tissue site preferences for infection exhibited by GAS, with an emphasis on work from our laboratory on skin tropisms. Recombinational replacement with orthologous gene forms, following interspecies transfer, appears to be an important genetic step leading up to the exploitation of new niches by GAS.
An automated determination of Blumensaat line using fuzzy system based on physician experience from femur CT image (2014)

Blumensaat line is one of the most commonly used direct methods for the assessment of femoral diagnosis and therapy. Currently, the Blumensaat line is determined manually. Therefore, diversity of the determination happens due to the subjective judgment error. To reduce the diversity, we propose an automated determination of Blumensaat Une by using fuzzy logic based on physician knowledge from femur multi-detector row computerized tomography (MDCT) image. The experiment employed six different knees. The six femurs were evaluated by the manual and proposed method. In the results, the length of Blumensaat line was 24.12 ± 3.23 mm (manual) and 23.90 ± 2.41 mm (automated). The angle between Blumensaat line and bone axis was 27.80 ± 6.08 degrees (manual) and 30.68 ± 5.76 degrees (automated). There was no significant difference between the manual and proposed method. We concluded that the proposed method has enough accuracy as same as expert.
A transient model for the dual wound synchronous machine (2002)

In this paper, the dual wound synchronous machine is studied from the circuit point of view. The dqo transformation is applied to the general equations of the machine and power and torque formulae are developed. Equivalent circuits are proposed to represent the transient and the steady state behavior of the machine. Finally, a digital model, developed to simulate the machine in conjunction with the EMTDC/PSCAD program, is introduced.
Gate-induced drain-leakage in buried-channel PMOS-a limiting factor in development of low-cost, high-performance 3.3-V, 0.25-μm technology (1998)

This paper presents a low cost 0.25-μm technology with low standby power for 3.3 V applications. It is shown that as a single gate oxide n-type polysilicon gate technology is scaled, gate-induced drain-leakage (GIDL) in buried-channel PMOS becomes a serious limiting factor in achieving low standby power. The impact of technology choices such as spacer material, spacer width and poly reoxidation conditions on PMOS GIDL is discussed. A technology that successfully limits PMOS leakage is presented.
Design and Development of Biomimetic Nanovesicles Using a Microfluidic Approach (2018)

The advancement of nanotechnology toward more sophisticated bioinspired approaches has highlighted the gap between the advantages of biomimetic and biohybrid platforms and the availability of manufacturing processes to scale up their production. Though the advantages of transferring biological features from cells to synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes have recently been reported, a standardizable, batch-to-batch consistent, scalable, and high-throughput assembly method is required to further develop these platforms. Microfluidics has offered a robust tool for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles in a versatile and reproducible approach. In this study, the incorporation of membrane proteins within the bilayer of biomimetic nanovesicles (leukosomes) using a microfluidic-based platform is demonstrated. The physical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties of microfluidic-formulated leukosomes (called NA-Leuko) are characterized. NA-Leuko show extended shelf life and retention of the biological functions of donor cells (i.e., macrophage avoidance and targeting of inflamed vasculature). The NA approach represents a universal, versatile, robust, and scalable tool, which is extensively used for the assembly of lipid nanoparticles and adapted here for the manufacturing of biomimetic nanovesicles.
Pruning algorithms for multicast flow control (2000)

Multicast flow (congestion) control establishes a data rate for a multicast session based on prevailing bandwidth availability given other network traffic. This rate is dictated by the sender's path to the slowest receiver. This level of performance, however, may not be in the best interest for the multicast group as a whole. A pruning algorithm is then used to identify and remove some slow members so that the performance is acceptable for the whole group. This paper discusses the conceptual issues with pruning, and proposes practical algorithms for pruning. The crux of the problem is to achieve a balance between speed and accuracy, because increased accuracy tends to require monitoring for a longer time and using more global information. We evaluate and compare different strategies using both simulation and measurement of real implementations.
Genetic parameters and trends for lean growth rate and its components in U.S. Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs (2002)

Records on 361,300 Yorkshire, 154,833 Duroc, 99,311 Hampshire, and 71,097 Landrace pigs collected between 1985 and April of 2000 in herds on the National Swine Registry Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System were analyzed. Animal model and REML procedures were used to estimate random effects of animal genetic, common litter, maternal genetic, and the covariances between animal and maternal for lean growth rate (LGR), days to 113.5 kg (DAYS), backfat adjusted to 113.5 kg (BF), and loin eye area adjusted to 113.5 kg (LEA). Fixed effects of contemporary group and sex were also in the statistical model. Based on the single-trait model, estimates of heritabilities were 0.44, 0.44, 0.46, and 0.39 for LGR; 0.35, 0.40, 0.44, and 0.40 for DAYS; 0.48, 0.48, 0.49, and 0.48 for BF; and 0.33, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.31 for LEA in the Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace breeds, respectively. Estimates of maternal genetic effects were low and ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 for all traits across breeds. Estimates of common litter effects ranged from 0.07 to 0.16. A bivariate analysis was used to estimate the genetic correlations between lean growth traits. Average genetic correlations over four breeds were -0.83, -0.37, 0.44, -0.07, 0.08, and -0.37 for LGR with DAYS, BF, and LEA, DAYS with BF and LEA, and BF with LEA, respectively. Average genetic trends were 2.35 g/yr, -0.40 d/yr, -0.39 mm/yr, and 0.37 cm2/yr for LGR, DAYS, BF, and LEA, respectively. Results indicate that selection based on LGR can improve leanness and growth rate simultaneously and can be a useful biological selection criterion.
Optical Imaging of Light-Induced Thermopower in Semiconductors (2016)

Electricity can be obtained by either heating or illuminating a semiconductor---or both. Exploiting the photo-Seebeck effect, the authors devise a purely optical method for measuring at the microscale the transport properties of a semiconductor, cleanly, without having to deal with contacts, $p-n$ junctions, or removing electrical artifacts from the data. This technique allows fundamental knowledge of thermopower and carrier populations in semiconductors, to help in developing thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
Field Experiment on Precoding-Based Vertical Plane Beam Control for LTE Systems (2014)

Most current cellular mobile communication systems employ 1-cell frequency reuse to achieve high spectrum efficiency. With 1-cell frequency reuse, the co-channel interference among cells remains as a critical barrier to achieving further improvement in the spectrum efficiency. Vertical plane beam control at base station is one approach to mitigating the co-channel interference. As a conventional method of vertical plane beam control, antenna beam tilting has been widely used. In the antenna beam tilting, the tilt angle is generally fixed per base station. If the vertical plane beam can be changed dynamically for each mobile station, it is possible to significantly improve the reception environment. Given this background, we have proposed precoding- based vertical plane beam control. In the proposed method, the vertical plane beam pattern for each mobile station is easily changed dynamically by just the precoding (phase control of digital baseband signal) operation without changing conventional antenna configuration drastically. To demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed method, we developed a prototype system, in which the proposed scheme is implemented on an LTE-based system, and conducted a field experiment. This paper overviews the prototype system and field experiment results. Measured results clarify that the proposed method is effective in mitigating interference level to the neighbor cells as well as improving the desired signal level in the serving cell.
One-dimensional aromatic crystals in solution. 2. Synthesis, conformation, and spectroscopic properties of poly(L-2-naphthylalanine) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-dimensional aromatic crystals in solution. 2. Synthesis, conformation, and spectroscopic properties of poly(L-2-naphthylalanine)Masahiko Sisido, Syun Egusa, and Yukio ImanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 12, 4077–4082Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00350a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00350a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Suppression of adjacent-channel interference in digital radio by equalization (2003)

The ability of a linear or decision-feedback equalizer to suppress adjacent-channel interference in digital radio systems is described. The emphasis is on values among transmitter bandwidth, receiver bandwidth, carrier spacing, diversity, and cochannel interference which provide the best opportunities for interference suppression. Through analysis of a generalized zero-forcing linear equalizer and calculations of equalizer minimum-mean-square performance, it is shown that a substantial amount of adjacent-channel interference can be suppressed. The ability to suppress the interference is enhanced by using equalizers with wide receiver bandwidths because they are able to exploit the cyclostationary properties of the adjacent-channel interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low power optimization technique for BDD mapped circuits (2001)

The minimization of power consumption is an important design constraint for circuits used in portable devices. The s itching activity of a circuit node in a CMOS digital circuit directly contributes to overall power dissipation. By approximating the switching activity of circuit nodes as internal switching probabilities in Binary Decision Diagrams BDDs), it is possible to estimate the dynamic power dissipation characteristic of circuits resulting from a structural mapping of a BDD. A technique for minimizing the overall sum of switching probabilities is presented. The method is based on efficient local operations on a BDD representing the functionality of the circuit to be realized. The resulting circuit that is obtained by mapping the BDD to CMOS Pass Transistors has in simulation using a commercially available process model) shown reduced power dissipation characteristic. Experimental results on a set of MCNC benchmarks are given for this technique.
Survival rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 389 patients (2005)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. However, treatment options are limited and often inefficient. The aim of this study was to determine current survival rates for patients diagnosed with HCC and to identify prognostic factors, which will help in choosing optimal therapies for individual patients. A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed on 389 patients who were identified through the central tumour registry at our institution from 1998 to 2003. Clinical parameters, treatments received and survival curves from time of diagnosis were analysed. Overall median survival was 11 months. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed in 80.5% of all patients. A total of 170 patients received transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and/or percutaneous ethanol injections (PEI) with a median survival rate of 16 months for patients receiving TACE, 11 months for patients receiving PEI and 24 months for patients receiving TACE followed by PEI. Independent negative prognostic parameters for survival were the presence of portal vein thrombosis, advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score B or C) and a score of >2. This study will help to estimate survival rates for patients with HCC according to their clinical status at diagnosis and the treatments received.
Replacement of RT-524/246 Transmitter Tubes by Transistor Inserts (1976)

Abstract : The RT-524 and RT-246 VHF vehicular radios are in the field in large numbers. These will have to be maintained for the next 10-20 years or longer. In order to assure maintainability, and also to increase the reliability of the radio, replacement of transmitter tubes by transistor inserts was explored. A model was successfully designed, constructed and tested. In addition to improved reliability, another advantage is that the noisy fan does not operate under normal conditions. Therefore, the position of the radio is not given away in a quiet environment. A further advantage is that a 100% transmit duty cycle is possible.
Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on need for orthopedic surgery for spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy: long-term outcome analysis in relation to age (2004)

Object. The authors performed a long-term evaluation of gait status to determine the frequency with which orthopedic operations for cerebral palsy are conducted before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and the relation between pre- and post-SDR orthopedic surgery and age. Methods. Fifty-two patients with spastic quadriplegia were prospectively followed for 5 to 9 years. All children were evaluated and underwent SDR at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Preoperative scores for gait function and details of previous orthopedic procedures were recorded for two age groups: those 2 to 5 (Group 1) and those 6 to 14 years of age (Group 2). Data were collected from parents who completed a questionnaire a mean of 7.5 years after SDR. Relations between gait status and the number/type of pre- and post-SDR orthopedic procedures, rate of improvement after SDR, benefit of operation according to parents, and return of spasticity were analyzed. Forty-nine percent of patients in Group 1 and 25% of those in Group 2 had improved gait scores. The interaction between pre- or post-SDR time frame and walking mode was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Among those children who had not undergone orthopedic surgery before SDR, the incidence of surgery post-SDR was higher in the older children (Group 2) than the younger children (Group 1 [70% compared with 34%]). Parents of 75% of the Group 1 patients and 88% of the Group 2 patients felt that their children benefited from SDR. Conclusions. The results of this study highlight the effect of SDR on gait status in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. The percentage of patients needing orthopedic operations was not as high as reported previously. Parents indicated that SDR was beneficial to their children.
Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Polysiloxanes and Polysilsesquioxanes Using Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization (2003)

The synthesis of polysiloxane materials containing well-defined organic polymers is discussed using controlled/living radical polymerization techniques. In particular, the use of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) enables the synthesis of a wide range of organic/inorganic hybrid materials utilizing polysiloxane macroinitiators, or macromonomers in the polymerization of organic vinyl monomers. Hybrid block and graft copolymers have been prepared containing poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pDMS) segments, or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) groups. Hybrid nanoparticles composed of an inorganic colloidal core and an outer shell of tethered organic polymers have been synthesized via ATRP of vinyl monomers from polysilsesquioxane nanoparticle surfaces.
Constitutive phosphorylated STAT3-associated gene signature is predictive for trastuzumab resistance in primary HER2-positive breast cancer (2015)

This study provides compelling evidence for a link between pSTAT3 and trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive primary breast cancers. Our results suggest that it may be valuable to add agents targeting the STAT3 pathway to trastuzumab for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Vergleich von Fensterlüftungssystemen und anderen Lüftungs- bzw. Luftreinigungsansätzen gegen die Aerosolübertragung von COVID-19 und für erhöhte Luftqualität in Klassenräumen (2021)

Diese Studie vergleicht die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Lösungsansätze für infektionsschutz­gerechte Lüftung bzw. Luftreinigung zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie und zur Erhöhung der Luftqualität in Klassenräumen. Wir zeigen, dass Fensterlüften ergänzt durch einfache technische Hilfsmittel sehr gut und effizient für die Aufrechterhaltung guter Luftqualität und den Infektionsschutz gegen Aerosolübertragung von SARS-CoV-2 eingesetzt werden kann - auch im Vergleich zu konventionellen raumlufttechnischen Anlagen sowie zu filter- oder UV-strahlungsbasierten Luftreinigungsgeräten. Besonders wirksam ist eine Verdrängungslüftung (Quelllüftung) mit bodennaher Frischluftzufuhr durch Fenster und verteilter Abluftabsaugung über potentiell infektiösen Personen. Bei geringen Temperaturdifferenzen und geringen Windgeschwindig­keiten, d.h., speziell im Sommer, ist Fensterlüften unterstützt durch Ventilatoren deutlich effektiver als freies Fensterlüften. In Schulklassen, wo viele Personen auf engem Raum zusammenkommen und Wärme sowie Feuchte abgeben, bringt eine Behandlung der stets nötigen Zuluft zwecks Rückgewinnung von Wärme oder Feuchte nach unseren Ergebnissen weder bezüglich der Primärenergie noch bezüglich der Raumfeuchte wesentliche Vorteile. Eine einfache Zufuhr von Frischluft durch Fenster nach dem Quellluft-Prinzip erscheint deutlich sinnvoller als eine Behandlung der Zuluft mit technischen Komponenten, die hygienische Probleme bereiten können und einen erhöhten Wartungsaufwand verursachen. Insgesamt zeigt der Vergleich, dass Fensterlüften mit einfachen technischen Hilfsmitteln wie Ventilatoren und Abzugshauben nicht nur kostengünstig und leicht realisierbar ist, sondern auch besonders effektiv in der Luftreinhaltung und gegen die Aerosolübertragung von Infektions­krankheiten wie COVID-19 oder Influenza. Um zur Eindämmung der aktuellen Pandemie sowie allgemein zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität in Schulklassen beizutragen, empfehlen wir den Einbau und Betrieb solcher Fensterlüftungssysteme in allen Klassenräumen, die nicht bereits mit ähnlich wirksamen Hilfsmitteln ausgestattet sind. Aus unserer Sicht sollte es mit relativ geringem Aufwand und in kurzer Zeit machbar sein, alle Klassenräume mit einem geeigneten Abluftventilator auszustatten. Um die COVID-19-Pandemie möglichst schnell und wirksam einzudämmen, sollte der Abluftventilator nach Möglichkeit mit einer verteilten Abluftabsaugung kombiniert werden. Nach der Pandemie kann die verteilte Absaugung nach Bedarf weiter genutzt werden – z.B. in schlecht lüftbaren Räumen und bei Grippewellen – oder flexibel abgebaut bzw. modifiziert werden, was aufgrund der geringen Kosten und der modularen Bauweise leicht möglich ist. Unabhängig von der verteilten Absaugung bieten ventilator­gestützte Fensterlüftungssysteme mit geringem Aufwand zuverlässige Abhilfe für seit langem bestehende Innraumluftqualitätsprobleme in Schulen.
Streptococcus pneumoniaeInfections in the Neonate (2003)

Compared with previous studies of neonates with pneumococcal infection, this series showed that infants with SPIN were usually 2 to 3 weeks of age at presentation; likely to be full term; and ill with pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. This late-onset presentation was associated with an overall mortality rate of 10.3% (14.3% for invasive disease).
Terahertz Waveguide Emitters with Subwavelength Confinement (2009)

The generation of terahertz radiation within subwavelength waveguides is studied in time- and frequency-domain. Such waveguide emitters enable the efficient launching of terahertz waves within compact terahertz optical systems.