gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photophysics of PAMAM-Based Dendrimers of Polypyridyl Complexes of Ruthenium (2002)

The photophysics of PAMAM (poly-amidoamine) based dendrimers (generations G0-G4) modified with (4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) pendant-[Ru(tpy)2]+2 (tpy is 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine) and [Ru(bpy)3]+2 (bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine) chromophores have been studied in both fluid solution at 298 K and frozen glasses, at 77 K. The absorption and emission spectra, the excited-state lifetimes and quantum yields have been obtained for both families of metallodendrimers. In general and in analogy to the behavior exhibited by the discrete molecules (i.e., [Ru(tpy)2]+2 and [Ru(bpy)3]+2), the bipyridine derivatives exhibit longer lifetimes and higher quantum yields when compared to the corresponding terpyridine complexes. Some generation dependent changes have also been observed. We have also explored the effects of solvent by comparing results in butyronitrile and dimethylacetamide with the latter being used as a mimic of the dendritic backbone. Our results suggest that for the higher generations the dendritic backbone acts as the solvent in affecting the photophysical behavior.
MHC class I immune proteins are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory and gate NMDAR-dependent hippocampal long-term depression (2013)

Memory impairment is a common feature of conditions that involve changes in inflammatory signaling in the brain, including traumatic brain injury, infection, neurodegenerative disorders, and normal aging. However, the causal importance of inflammatory mediators in cognitive impairments in these conditions remains unclear. Here we show that specific immune proteins, members of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), are essential for normal hippocampus-dependent memory, and are specifically required for NMDAR-dependent forms of long-term depression (LTD) in the healthy adult hippocampus. In β2m(-/-)TAP(-/-)mice, which lack stable cell-surface expression of most MHC class I proteins, NMDAR-dependent LTD in area CA1 of adult hippocampus is abolished, while NMDAR-independent forms of potentiation, facilitation, and depression are unaffected. Altered NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of β2m(-/-)TAP(-/-)mice is accompanied by pervasive deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory, including contextual fear memory, object recognition memory, and social recognition memory. Thus normal MHC class I expression is essential for NMDAR-dependent hippocampal synaptic depression and hippocampus-dependent memory. These results suggest that changes in MHC class I expression could be an unexpected cause of disrupted synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in the aging, damaged, and diseased brain.
A comparison of thick-film microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and polymerase chain reaction for accurate diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2019)

Malaria diagnostic methods, such as TFM and RDT missed 12-23% of malaria cases detected by PCR. Therefore, traditional diagnostic approaches (TFM, RDT and clinical diagnosis) are not adequate when accurate epidemiological data are needed for monitoring malaria control and elimination interventions.
Rapid Fourier imaging using steady‐state free precession (1987)

Reversal of the read gradient in a SSFP imaging experiment allows a full spin echo to be collected in the interval tau between successive rf pulses. Orthogonal gradient pulses are used to dephase and subsequently rephase the transverse magnetization each tau enabling 2D or 3D Fourier techniques. The minimum data collection time per slice in the 3D technique is 3.1 s (128 X 256). For a 2D data collection, an oscillating bipolar sawtooth gradient is used to select the slice. Each phase-encode value must be averaged over an equivalent portion of the oscillating slice-selection gradient and this condition gives a minimum of 25 s for 2D data collection. Excellent slice selection is achieved with less than 5% of the signal lying outside the slice profile central lobe. Images at 0.14 T show tissue contrast may be manipulated by changing the rf pulse angle, an example of which is the presence or absence of gray/white matter contrast at rf pulse angles of 30 and 90 degrees, respectively. The pulse angle theta dependence of five samples with different values of T2/T1 was measured and numerically calculated with good agreement between theory and experiment for theta less than or equal to 90 degrees.
Preliminary characterization of material eluted from the roots of periodontally diseased teeth (1980)

Eighteen periodontally diseased teeth and eleven normal teeth requiring surgical removal were each treated with one of four different solutions to elute potentially toxic material from their root surfaces. The solutions used were pyrogen‐free water, phenol‐water, trichloroacetic acid and citric acid. To define the composition of the eluted material, samples were analyzed for calcium, for ketodeoxyoctonic acid (KDO), a carbohydrate unique to Gram‐negative bacteria, and for limulus lysate activity. Limulus‐positive material was then analyzed for protein and nucleic acids and subjected to heat treatment, to the enzymes RNAse A and T 1 , and to lysozyme. It was found that TCA and citric acid removed more calcium and more toxic material from the root surface and subsurface than did either water or phenol‐water. The material extracted from 13 of the 18 diseased roots was limulus‐positive. Four of the limulus‐positive samples were also KDO‐positive, strongly indicating the presence of endotoxin in these samples. Neither these nor any of the other limulus‐positive responses were reversed or significantly reduced by exposure of samples to heat, to RNAse A and T 1 , or to lysozyme. In addition, limulus‐positive responses were unrelated to the amounts of protein and nucleic acids in the extracted material. When considered together, these preliminary characterizations indicate the presence of endotoxin in the material eluted from periodontally diseased teeth.
G-Quartet Oligonucleotide T70923 Blocks GP Ib-VWF Mediated Platelet Aggregation under Static and Flow Conditions. (2007)

Abstract Hemostasis at site of the vessel injury is initiated by platelets being tethered to exposed subendothelium. The tethering events are mediated by interaction between subendothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its platelet receptor GP Ib-IX-V complex. If the ligand-receptor interaction, when it occurs in intact vascular lumen or at the site of ruptured atherosclerotic plaques, results in life-threatening thrombosis found in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and myocardial infarction. The development of these thrombotic events suggests that the VWF-GP Ib interaction may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. To explore such potentials, we have developed and examined the effects of a G-quartet oligonucleotide (T30923, GGGTGGGTGGGTGGGT) on the VWF-GP Ib interaction. G-rich DNA sequences, from which the G-quartets derive, were originally identified in the telomeres DNA and have the ability to form rigid G-quartet structures that interact with proteins. The T30923 structure was designed and determined by nuclear magnetic resonance to form an intramolecular G-quartet that is composed of two identical G-quartets in the center and two GTGT loops on the top and bottom of stacked G-quartets, respectively. Platelet aggregation was induced by four agonists: ristocetin, botrocetin, collagen, and ADP in the presence of either 20 mM of T30923 or the control oligonucleotide. We found that T30923 specifically and dose-dependently blocked platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin, but not by other agonists, with a maximal inhibition achieved at 20 mM. Computer-simulation based on the crystal structure of the VWF A1 domain and the N-terminal VWF-binding domain of GP Iba suggested that the G-quartet binds to multiple sites on VWF-A1. Since the action of ristocetin mimics that of fluid shear stress, we tested the ability of T30923 to block VWF-GP Ib interaction under flow condition. Shear-induced platelet aggregation at 100 dyn/cm2 was blocked 59.3%±11.8% by 20 mM of T30923, but not a control oligonucleotide. Furthermore, the G-quartet T30923 blocked over 80% of platelet adhesion to immobilized VWF, but not collagen under a constant wall shear stress of 30 dyn/cm2. These results demonstrate the potential of T30923 to serve as a VWF antagonist. Furthermore, alterations of DNA sequences and tertiary structure provide a large number of G-quartet variants to be generated and then screened for specific phenotypes. The approach may lead to a new class of potential G-quartet based antithrombotic agents.
Synthetic Inorganic Ion-Exchangers (1978)

Abstract A review of the development of the synthetic inorganic ion exchangers during the 1970–1976 period has been made. Synthesis, properties, and analytical applications of the hydrated oxides, acidic salts of multivalent metals, heteropolyacid salts, and synthetic zeolite-type materials that are used as ion-exchangers have been included in the survey. Only the more important contributions during the 1970–1976 period are included
Part‐time Employees: Workers Whose Time has Come? (1992)

Part‐time workers (a quarter of all employees in Britain) are one section of the “atypical” workforce singled out for attention by the EC Commission. Examines directives on atypical workers issued as part of the Social Charter′s Social Action Programme. Assesses the likelihood of directives′ provisions being adopted. Discusses the decisions of the European Court of Justice, which may have a profound impact on part‐time work, whether or not the directives are adopted, and outlines developments in employer and union policy on part‐time workers.
The association of headache frequency with pain interference and the burden of disease is mediated by depression and sleep quality, but not anxiety, in chronic tension type headache (2017)

Depression and sleep quality, but not anxiety, mediated the relationship between headache frequency and the emotional burden of disease and pain interference in CTTH.
Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Aided Anomaly Detection Method in Cellular Networks (2020)

The ever-increasing amount of data in cellular networks poses challenges for network operators to monitor the quality of experience (QoE). Traditional key quality indicators (KQIs)-based hard decision methods are difficult to undertake the task of QoE anomaly detection in the case of big data. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a KQIs-based QoE anomaly detection framework using semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, i.e., iterative positive sample aided one-class support vector machine (IPS-OCSVM). There are four steps for realizing the proposed method while the key step is combining machine learning with the network operator's expert knowledge using OCSVM. Our proposed IPS-OCSVM framework realizes QoE anomaly detection through soft decision and can easily fine-tune the anomaly detection ability on demand. Moreover, we prove that the fluctuation of KQIs thresholds based on expert knowledge has a limited impact on the result of anomaly detection. Finally, experiment results are given to confirm the proposed IPS-OCSVM framework for QoE anomaly detection in cellular networks.
[Alkaloid production of cultured coptis cells by two-stage suspension-culture]. (1997)

In this study the asexual cell line H292 induced and selected from Coptis gulinensis had rapid growth rate and could stably produce alkaloids. By the one-stage method, after the cell suspensions were cultured on the same medium for six weeks, the increased dry and fresh weights of the cells were 20.96 g/L and 174.92 g/L respectively. The content of the total alkaloids in the cells was 14.79 mg/g cell dw. Per litter liquid medium could provide 323 mg alkaloid. In contrast, the cells were cultured by two-stage method. After having been cultured on the medium which contributed to the growth of the cells for three weeks, the cells were transferred to the medium which contributed to the production of the alkaloid and cultured for three weeks. Six weeks later, the dry and fresh weights of the cells were 16.72 g/L and 127.44 g/L, respectively. The biomass was lower than that by one-stage method, but the content of the total alkaloids was as high as 31.76 mg/g cell dw, which was much more than that by one-stage method. In addition, the content of the alkaloid in the medium was 25.31 mg/L. Per litter liquid medium could provide 556 mg alkaloid. The total yield of alkaloid obtained by two-stage method was 1.72 times than that by one-stage method.
<title>Shot noise perturbations in digital holographic microscopy phase images</title> (2006)

In digital holographic microscopy, shot noise is an intrinsic part of the recording process with a digital camera. We present a study based on simulations describing how shot noise influences the quality of the reconstructed phase images under different beams intensities configurations. A model for image quality estimation based on the decision statistical theory proposed by Wagner and Brown (R.F. Wagner and D.G. Brown, "Unified SNR Analysis of Medical Imaging-Systems," Phys. Med. Biol. 30, 489-518 (1985)) will be presented. A simulation will depict the variations of the reconstructed phase images SNR for different distributions of the total intensity between the reference and the object beam.
In situ vaccine for low-grade lymphoma: Combination of intratumoral Flt3L and poly-ICLC with low-Dose radiotherapy. (2015)

TPS3105 Background: Lymphomas are the 5th most incident cancer in the U.S. and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL) are incurable with standard therapy. We previously completed three trials of ‘in situ vaccination’ - combining low-dose radiotherapy (XRT) with intratumoral administration of a TLR9 agonist (CpG). We demonstrated induction of tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses and clinical remissions of patients’ untreated sites of disease, lasting up to > 4 years. One limitation may have been the scarcity of intratumoral dendritic cells (DC). DC are uniquely able to endocytose dying (e.g. irradiated) tumor cells for cross-presentation to anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Methods: Flt3L– the predominant DC differentiation factor– induces tumor leukocyte infiltration and regression of lymphoma tumors pre-clinically and a new formulation of this cytokine -CDX-301- was shown to mobilize BDCA-1 and BDCA-3 DC subsets in an early phase trial. These DC subsets respond to several TLR agonists and cross-present antigens more effectively than plasmacytoid DC (the CpG-responsive DC subset). We initiated a phase I/II study of a new iteration of the in situ vaccine, adding Flt3L-priming and replacing the prior TLR9 agonist with the TLR3 agonist poly-ICLC (Fig 1A). The vaccine consists of: -intratumoral Flt3L administration to increase DC within the tumor -low-dose XRT to induce immunogenic tumor cell death and release tumor-associated antigens, and -intratumoral poly-ICLC administration to activate tumor antigen-loaded DC. The current study will assess two cohorts of patients (n = 15, each) with either previously untreated or relapsed/refractory iNHL to test the hypothesis that in situ vaccination will induce clinical remissions at distant (untreated) tumor sites. Eligibility: iNHL, either previously untreated or relapsed/refractory. Treatment: Intratumoral CDX-301 25ug/kg x 9 days. Local radiotherapy 2Gy x 2. Intratumoral poly-ICLC 2mg weekly x 8 weeks. Patients will have tumor (FNA) and blood collected for immune monitoring at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 as well as pre treatment biopsy. Restaging CT scans will be done pretreatment and at week 12. Clinical trial information: NCT01976585. Clinical trial information: NCT01976585.
Applying sentence simplification to the CoNLL-2008 shared task (2008)

Our submission to the CoNLL-2008 shared task (Surdeanu et al., 2008) focused on applying a novel method for semantic role labeling to the shared task. Our system first simplifies each sentence to be labeled using a set of hand-constructed rules; the weights of the system are trained on semantic role labeling data to generate simplifications which are as useful as possible for semantic role labeling. Our system is only a semantic role labeling system, and thus did not receive a score for Syntactic Dependencies (or, by extension, a score for the complete problem). Unlike most systems in the shared task, our system took constituency parses as input. On the sub-task of semantic dependencies, our system obtained an F1 score of 76.17, the highest in the open task. In this paper we give a high-level overview of the sentence simplification system, and discuss and analyze the modifications to this system required for the CoNLL-2008 shared task.
Cohort profile: early school years follow-up of the Asking Questions about Alcohol in Pregnancy Longitudinal Study in Melbourne, Australia (AQUA at 6) (2022)

We will investigate the relationship between prenatal alcohol exposure and specific aspects of neurodevelopment at 6-8 years, including craniofacial shape, brain structure and function. The contribution of genetics and epigenetics to individual variation in outcomes will be examined in conjunction with national and international collaborations.
The double sides of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis (2023)

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Immune response induced by sepsis is complex and dynamic. It is schematically described as an early dysregulated systemic inflammatory response leading to organ failures and early deaths, followed by the development of persistent immune alterations affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with increased risk of secondary infections, viral reactivations, and late mortality. In this review, we will focus on the role of NACHT, leucin-rich repeat and pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis. NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiproteic intracellular complex activated by infectious pathogens through a two-step process resulting in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D, inducing a pro-inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis can be ambivalent. Indeed, although it might protect against sepsis when moderately activated after initial infection, excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation can induce dysregulated inflammation leading to multiple organ failure and death during the acute phase of the disease. Moreover, this activation might become exhausted and contribute to post-septic immunosuppression, driving impaired functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could thus be an attractive option in sepsis either through IL-1β and IL-18 antagonists or through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway downstream components. Available treatments and results of first clinical trials will be discussed.
Interleukin-10 contributes to PGE2 signalling through upregulation of EP4 via SHIP1 and STAT3 (2020)

Macrophage cells form part of our first line defense against pathogens. Macrophages become activated by microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and other cytokines, which orchestrate the host defense against the pathogen. Once the pathogen has been eradicated, the activated macrophage must be appropriately deactivated or inflammatory diseases result. Interleukin-10 (IL10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine which deactivates the activated macrophage. The IL10 receptor (IL10R) signals through the Jak1/Tyk2 tyrosine kinases, STAT3 transcription factor and the SHIP1 inositol phosphatase. However, IL10 has also been described to induce the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulated protein kinase A (PKA). We now report that IL10R signalling leads to STAT3/SHIP1 dependent expression of the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In macrophages, EP4 is a Gαs-protein coupled receptor that stimulates adenylate cyclase (AC) production of cAMP, leading to downstream activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor. IL10 induction of phospho-CREB and inhibition of LPS-induced phosphorylation of p85 PI3K and p70 S6 kinase required the presence of EP4. These data suggest that IL10R activation of STAT3/SHIP1 enhances EP4 expression, and that it is EP4 which activates cAMP-dependent signalling. The coordination between IL10R and EP4 signalling also provides an explanation for why cAMP elevating agents synergize with IL10 to elicit anti-inflammatory responses.
Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements (1993)

Discusses various standard antennas for measuring radio-frequency electric and magnetic fields. A theoretical analysis of each antenna's receiving characteristics is summarized and referenced. The standard probes described are an electrically short dipole, a resistively-loaded dipole, a half-wave dipole, an electrically small loop, and a resistively-loaded loop. A single-turn loop designed for simultaneous measurement of the electric and magnetic components of near-fields and other complex electromagnetic environments is also described. Each type of antenna demonstrates a different compromise between broadband frequency response and sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physiological changes during torpor favor association with Endozoicomonas endosymbionts in the urochordate Botrylloides leachii (2023)

Environmental perturbations evoke down-regulation of metabolism in some multicellular organisms, leading to dormancy, or torpor. Colonies of the urochordate <i>Botrylloides leachii</i> enter torpor in response to changes in seawater temperature and may survive for months as small vasculature remnants that lack feeding and reproductive organs but possess torpor-specific microbiota. Upon returning to milder conditions, the colonies rapidly restore their original morphology, cytology and functionality while harboring re-occurring microbiota, a phenomenon that has not been described in detail to date. Here we investigated the stability of <i>B. leachii</i> microbiome and its functionality in active and dormant colonies, using microscopy, qPCR, <i>in situ</i> hybridization, genomics and transcriptomics. A novel lineage of <i>Endozoicomonas</i>, proposed here as <i>Candidatus</i> Endozoicomonas endoleachii, was dominant in torpor animals (53-79% read abundance), and potentially occupied specific hemocytes found only in torpid animals. Functional analysis of the metagenome-assembled genome and genome-targeted transcriptomics revealed that <i>Endozoicomonas</i> can use various cellular substrates, like amino acids and sugars, potentially producing biotin and thiamine, but also expressing various features involved in autocatalytic symbiosis. Our study suggests that the microbiome can be linked to the metabolic and physiological states of the host, <i>B. leachii</i>, introducing a model organism for the study of symbioses during drastic physiological changes, such as torpor.