gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AM67, a Secretory Component of the Guinea Pig Sperm Acrosomal Matrix, Is Related to Mouse Sperm Protein sp56 and the Complement Component 4-binding Proteins (1997)

The guinea pig sperm acrosomal matrix is the dense core of the acrosome and is likely to be important in acrosome biogenesis and fertilization. Isolated acrosomal matrices are composed of a limited number of major bands when analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, among which is a Mr 67,000 protein that we have termed AM67. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that AM67 is localized to the apical segment of the cauda epididymal sperm acrosome. Immunoelectron microscopy further refined the localization of AM67 to the M1 (dorsal bulge) domain within the acrosome. Using a polymerase chain reaction product based upon tryptic peptide sequences from AM67, a lambdagt11 guinea pig testis cDNA library was screened to yield two cDNA clones that encode the AM67 peptides. Northern analysis revealed that AM67 is transcribed as a 1. 9-kilobase testis-specific mRNA. The complete AM67 sequence encodes a prepropolypeptide of 533 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 59, 768. Following cleavage of a probable signal sequence, the polypeptide was predicted to have a Mr of 56,851 and seven consensus sites for asparagine-linked glycosylation. The deduced amino acid sequence of AM67 is most similar to those of the mouse sperm protein sp56 and the alpha-subunits of complement component 4-binding proteins from various mammalian species. Although mouse sp56 has been reported to be a cell-surface receptor for the murine zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3, standard immunoelectron microscopy using the anti-sp56 monoclonal antibody 7C5 detected sp56 within the mouse sperm acrosome, but failed to detect sp56 on the surface of acrosome-intact mouse sperm. Furthermore, acrosomal labeling was detected in mouse sperm prepared for immunofluorescence using paraformaldehyde fixation, but was not observed with live unfixed sperm. Thus, the finding that sp56 is present within the acrosome provides further support that sp56 and AM67 are orthologues and suggests that sp56 may function in acrosomal matrix-zona pellucida interactions during and immediately following the acrosome reaction in the mouse.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum Associated with Successful Cure after Drug Therapy (2016)

An effective antibody response can assist drug treatment to contribute to better parasite clearance in malaria patients. To examine this, sera were obtained from two groups of adult patients with acute falciparum malaria, prior to drug treatment: patients who (1) have subsequent recrudescent infection, or (2) were cured by Day 28 following treatment. Using a Plasmodium falciparum antigen library, we examined the antibody specificities in these sera. While the antibody repertoire of both sera groups was extremely broad and varied, there was a differential antibody profile between the two groups of sera. The proportion of cured patients with antibodies against EXP1, MSP3, GLURP, RAMA, SEA and EBA181 was higher than the proportion of patients with recrudescent infection. The presence of these antibodies was associated with higher odds of treatment cure. Sera containing all six antibodies impaired the invasion of P. falciparum clinical isolates into erythrocytes. These results suggest that antibodies specific against EXP1, MSP3, GLURP, RAMA, SEA and EBA181 in P. falciparum infections could assist anti-malarial drug treatment and contribute to the resolution of the malarial infection.
Photonic-assisted microwave frequency multiplication with a tunable multiplication factor (2013)

Photonic-assisted microwave frequency multiplication with a tunable multiplication factor (MF) based on an optical comb generator and an embedded single-passband microwave photonic filter (MPF) is proposed and demonstrated. The optical comb is generated using two cascaded modulators which are driven by a microwave reference signal. By applying the optical comb to a photodetector, a fundamental frequency corresponding to the comb spacing and its harmonics is generated. Thanks to the embedded single-passband MPF, only one harmonic is selected by the single-passband MPF. Thus, a single-frequency frequency-multiplied microwave signal is generated. In the proposed system, the embedded single-passband MPF is formed by using a sliced broadband optical source and a section of dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF). By tuning the central frequency of the passband at a frequency corresponding to that of a specific harmonic, a microwave signal at that specific frequency is generated. The proposed system is experimentally demonstrated. A frequency-multiplied microwave signal with an MF from 1 to 5 is generated. The phase noise and frequency tunability of the generated microwave signal are also investigated.
Phase-locked loop techniques. A survey (1996)

Phase-locked loop (PLL) is a technique which has contributed significantly toward the technology advancement in communication and motor servo control systems in the past 30 years. Inventions in PLL schemes combined with novel integrated circuit (IC) technology have made PLL devices important system components. The development of better modular PLL ICs is continuing. As a result, it is expected that they will contribute to the improvement in performance and reliability of future communication systems. They will also contribute to the development of higher accuracy and higher reliability servo control systems, such as those involved in machine tools. This paper provides a concise review of the basic PLL principles applicable to communication and servo control systems, gives the configurations of PLL applications and reports a number of popular PLL chips.
Digitized and differentially shaded human chromosome ideograms for genomic applications (1994)

Human chromosome ideograms that depict 850 bands, numbered in agreement with ISCN (1981) nomenclature but based on actual measurements of band sizes and differentiated by five shades of staining intensity, have been digitized using commercially available graphics software. They provide for more accurate estimates of distances within chromosome arms, DNA content of chromosome bands and correlation between cytogenetic, molecular and genetic linkage maps than the standard ISCN ideograms.
Development of retention prediction models for adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on a polyvinyl alcohol‐bonded stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (2008)

Retention prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) for adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists chromatographed on a polyvinyl alcohol-bonded stationary phase under hydrophilic interaction chromatography were described. The models showed the combined effects of solute structure and mobile phase composition on the retention behavior of the analytes. Using stepwise MLR, the retentions of the studied compounds were satisfactorily described by a five-predictor model; the predictors being the %ACN, the logarithm of the partition coefficient (log D), the number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD), the desolvation energy for octanol (FOct), and the total absolute atomic charge (TAAC). The inclusion of the solute-related descriptors suggested that hydrophilic interactions such as hydrogen bonding and also ionic interactions are possible mechanisms by which analytes are retained on the studied system. ANN prediction models were also derived using the predictors derived from MLR as inputs and log k as outputs. The best network architectures were found to be 5-3-1 for the datasets at pH 3.0 and 4.0, and 5-4-1 for the dataset at pH 5.0. The optimized ANNs showed better predictive properties than the MLR models for both training and test sets under all pH conditions.
Comparison of three CYP2D6 probe substrates and genotype in Ghanaians, Chinese and Caucasians (1998)

The ability to metabolize CYP2D6 substrates sparteine, debrisoquine, and dextromethorphan was studied in healthy Caucasian (n = 20), Ghanaian (n = 21), and Chinese (n = 22) CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers. Genotype analysis for the CYP2D6*1, *3, *4, *5, *9, *10, and *17 alleles was performed. Interethnic differences in the disposition of the probe drugs were found among the extensive metabolizers; extensive metabolizer status was confirmed by phenotype and genotype analysis. The mean metabolic rate was lower for Caucasians than for Ghanaians for sparteine (P < 0.02) and for both Ghanaians and Chinese for debrisoquine (P < 0.02). Correlation comparisons resulted in lower pairwise correlation coefficients in Ghanaians compared with Chinese and Caucasians for every combination of probe substrates. In addition, in Chinese and Caucasians, metabolic rates for each pair of probe drugs were significantly correlated (P < 0.002), but in Ghanaians the dextromethorphan metabolic rates were not correlated to either sparteine or debrisoquine (P < 0.05). Even when only those with a CYP2D6*1/*1 genotype were included in the correlation calculations, the Ghanaians had very low correlation coefficients (r(s) - 0.02-0.2, n = 9); much lower than those found in Caucasian (r(s) 0.78-0.92, n = 14) or Chinese (r(s) 0.54-0.96, n = 7) individuals. Quinidine had significantly less affect on sparteine metabolic rates in Ghanaians than both Caucasians and Chinese (P < 0.02). In addition, five of the 21 Ghanaian individuals had dextromethorphan metabolic ratios which were unaffected by quinidine. These individuals also had differences in urinary recovery of dextromethorphan and its metabolites when compared to the other Ghanaian individuals. These results confirm the large ethnic differences in probe drug metabolism and quinidine sensitivity among these ethnic groups. They also suggest that the Ghanaians have an additional unidentified allele(s) with altered substrate specificity and quinidine sensitivity which is currently genotyped as CYP2D6*1.
Supplementary Table 3 from <i>GSTP1</i> Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from &lt;i&gt;GSTP1&lt;/i&gt; Promoter Haplotypes Affect DNA Methylation Levels and Promoter Activity in Breast Carcinomas
Fundamental flow cytometer properties governing sensitivity and resolution (1998)

The fundamental properties of a flow cytometer that govern its capacity to detect and resolve dim fluorescent particles are 1) the efficiency with which it can convert a photon emitted by a fluorochrome into a photoelectron at the photocathode of the photomultiplier tube and 2) the amount of optical background noise that is collected along with the fluorescence emission from the particle. Either of these properties alone is insufficient to predict an instrument's performance. Thus, to characterize a flow cytometer, both of these properties need to be determined. To determine these properties, one must not only consider the optical characteristics of the instruments but also understand the impact of the signal processing on the data collected. After the collection efficiency and the optical background noise level are determined, it is possible to predict the instrument's performance. A specific flow cytometer performance level is not unique to only one pair of these properties. To achieve a specific level of instrument performance, whole families of pairs of these properties are possible. Cytometry 33: 260–266, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Novel Glutathione S-Transferase Gtt2 Class (VpGSTT2) Is Found in the Genome of the AHPND/EMS Vibrio parahaemolyticus Shrimp Pathogen (2021)

Glutathione S-transferases are a family of detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with different xenobiotic compounds using either Ser, Tyr, or Cys as a primary catalytic residue. We identified a novel GST in the genome of the shrimp pathogen <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> FIM- S1708<sup>+</sup>, a bacterial strain associated with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)/Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in cultured shrimp. This new GST class was named Gtt2. It has an atypical catalytic mechanism in which a water molecule instead of Ser, Tyr, or Cys activates the sulfhydryl group of GSH. The biochemical properties of Gtt2 from <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (VpGSTT2) were characterized using kinetic and crystallographic methods. Recombinant VpGSTT2 was enzymatically active using GSH and CDNB as substrates, with a specific activity of 5.7 units/mg. Low affinity for substrates was demonstrated using both Michaelis-Menten kinetics and isothermal titration calorimetry. The crystal structure showed a canonical two-domain structure comprising a glutathione binding G-domain and a hydrophobic ligand H domain. A water molecule was hydrogen-bonded to residues Thr9 and Ser 11, as reported for the yeast Gtt2, suggesting a primary role in the reaction. Molecular docking showed that GSH could bind at the G-site in the vicinity of Ser11. G-site mutationsT9A and S11A were analyzed. S11A retained 30% activity, while T9A/S11A showed no detectable activity. VpGSTT2 was the first bacterial Gtt2 characterized, in which residues Ser11 and Thr9 coordinated a water molecule as part of a catalytic mechanism that was characteristic of yeast GTT2. The GTT2 family has been shown to provide protection against metal toxicity; in some cases, excess heavy metals appear in shrimp ponds presenting AHPND/EMS. Further studies may address whether GTT2 in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> pathogenic strains may provide a competitive advantage as a novel detoxification mechanism.
Inhibition of TGF-β1 Signaling by IL-15: A Novel Role for IL-15 in the Control of Renal Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: IL-15 Counteracts TGF-β1-Induced EMT in Renal Fibrosis (2019)

Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway in end-stage renal disease and is characterized by aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted by myofibroblasts. Tubular type 2 EMT, induced by TGF-<i>β</i>, plays an important role in renal fibrosis, by participating directly or indirectly in myofibroblasts generation. TGF-<i>β</i>1-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in experimental chronic murine kidney diseases are concomitantly associated with an intrarenal decreased expression of the IL-15 survival factor. Since IL-15 counteracts TGF-<i>β</i>1 effects in different cell models, we analyzed whether (1) human chronic inflammatory nephropathies evolving towards fibrosis could be also characterized by a weak intrarenal IL-15 expression and (2) IL-15 could inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and excess matrix deposition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC). Our data show that different human chronic kidney diseases are characterized by a strong decreased expression of intrarenal IL-15, which is particularly relevant in diabetic nephropathy, in which type 2 tubular EMT plays an important role in fibrosis. Moreover, primary epithelial tubular cultures deprived of growth supplements rapidly produce active TGF-<i>β</i>1 inducing a "spontaneous" EMT process characterized by the loss of membrane-bound IL-15 (mbIL-15) expression. Both "spontaneous" EMT and recombinant human (rh) TGF-<i>β</i>1-induced EMT models can be inhibited by treating RPTEC and HK2 cells with rhIL-15. Through a long-lasting phospho-c-jun activation, IL-15 inhibits rhTGF-<i>β</i>1-induced Snail1 expression, the master inducer of EMT, and blocks TGF-<i>β</i>1-induced tubular EMT and downstream collagen synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that intrarenal IL-15 could be a natural inhibitor of TGF-<i>β</i> in human kidney able to guarantee epithelial homeostasis and to prevent EMT process. Thus, both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> an unbalance in intrarenal IL-15 and TGF-<i>β</i>1 levels could render RPTEC cells more prone to undergo EMT process. Exogenous IL-15 treatment could be beneficial in some human nephropathies such as diabetic nephropathy.
Numerical study on the effect of the spur dikes on sedimentation pattern (2017)

The spur dikes are structures that usually used for flow diversion from erodible wall and they usually create a appropriate path for directing the flow, flood control, protection of external walls, and some other cases. Through modifying the hydraulic conditions and creation of smooth flow, spur dikes can decrease water erosion force and power of sediment transport. In this study, the channel and spur dike related to the Heltz Laboratory model have been simulated using Flow-3D numerical model. The RNG turbulence model has been applied for turbulence modeling. The turbulent flow field around inclined spur dike and the effect of such parameters as angle, hydraulic conditions and sedimentation pattern have been investigated. The results showed that increasing the angle of spur dike affects the length and width of sedimentation area. When angle of spur dike increases from 90 to 120 deg, the width and length of the sedimentation area will increase up to about 71 and 92 percent, respectively.
Ischemic mitral regurgitation: from physiology to treatment. (2006)

L’insuffisance mitrale (IM) ischemique se definit comme une fuite mitrale sur valve saine dont le mecanisme est lie au processus ischemique myocardique. Souvent sous-estimee, sa presence (plus de 20 % des patients en post-infarctus), est source d’aggravation du pronostic a long terme et favorise la survenue de decompensations cardiaques. On distingue deux presentations cliniques differentes : l’IM ischemique aigue par rupture de pilier et l’IM ischemique fonctionnelle secondaire au remodelage ventriculaire. Si la sanction chirurgicale est de mise en cas de rupture de pilier, la conduite a tenir en cas d’IM ischemique fonctionnel reste encore discutee dans la litterature. L’avenement de l’echocardiographie tridimensionnelle a permis une meilleure comprehension du mecanisme de cette fuite et de son traitement. La quantification de la fuite doit tenir compte de son caractere variable et de sa sensibilite aux conditions de charge. L’echographie de stress emerge d’ailleurs comme un moyen d’evaluation pronostique de cette fuite. Les traitements medicamenteux classiques de l’insuffisance cardiaque peuvent participer a la correction de cette fuite mais rarement de facon definitive. La chirurgie a beneficie recemment de nouvelles techniques novatrices de plastie mitrale qui semblent donner de meilleurs resultats. Afin d’eviter le risque operatoire non negligeable chez ces patients a risque, de nouvelles techniques percutanees de plastie mitrale ont recemment vu le jour, semblant donner des resultats prometteurs. Il reste encore a definir la place et l’indication de ces differentes techniques dans le schema therapeutique de la fuite mitrale ischemique.
Optimum element arrangement of adaptive base station antennas for SDMA in circular cell (2002)

Space-division-multiple-access (SDMA) is a promising candidate for improving the channel capacity in future wireless communication systems. Since the discrimination performance of the user in the spatial domain depends on the array arrangement, an optimum element arrangement for SDMA should be defined. This paper proposes a formula to determine the optimum element arrangement of smart antennas for SDMA systems. The formula is based on spatial correlation. The dependency of the output SINR performance on element arrangements is also evaluated by computer simulation.
Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms for allele-selective therapy in Huntington disease (2020)

These results are consistent with previous reports and demonstrate the feasibility of genotyping, phasing, and targeting of <i>HTT</i> SNPs for personalized treatment of HD.
INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATION OF ABSORPTION INDUCED INDEX CHANGE ASSOCIATED WITH THERMAL BLOOMING (1968)

The induced index changes associated with thermal blooming have been observed in iodine-doped CCl4 by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference fringe shape next to the window and the temporal growth of the peak fringe displacement at various positions in the cell have been analyzed. Both the conductive and convective stages of thermal blooming are observed.
On the Impact of Music on Decision Making in Cooperative Tasks (2018)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that mood affects emotional and cognitive processing. Previous work has established that music-induced mood can measurably alter people's behavior in different contexts. However, the nature of how decision-making is affected by music in social settings hasn't been sufficiently explored. The goal of this study is to examine which aspects of people's decision making in inter-social tasks are affected when exposed to music. For this purpose, we devised an experiment in which people drove a simulated car through an intersection while listening to music. The intersection was not empty, as another simulated vehicle, controlled autonomously, was also crossing the intersection in a different direction. Our results indicate that music indeed alters people's behavior with respect to this social task. To further understand the correspondence between auditory features and decision making, we have also studied how individual aspects of music affected response patterns.
Impact of Covid-19 on the management of patients with metastatic melanoma (2022)

The Covid-19 pandemic created new uncertainties in the management of metastatic melanoma patients. In particular, the impact of immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or chemotherapy on the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection and severity was debated. In this study, we analyzed all patients with metastatic melanoma receiving therapy who developed Covid-19 between February 2020 and February 2022. We retrospectively collected demographic data, cancer-specific parameters, melanoma treatment regimen, comorbidities and Covid-19-specific parameters in these patients. Of the 350 patients with metastatic melanoma, 25 had Covid-19. The median age at the time of Covid-19 diagnosis was 66 years (range 36-86), 10 patients were female, and 15 patients were male. The treatment regimen during infection was immunotherapy in 12 cases, followed by targeted therapy (<i>n</i> = 8), chemotherapy (<i>n</i> = 2), and TVEC injections, follow-up and palliative therapy in 1 case each. The severity was mild in 17 patients and 8 had a moderate to critical course. Patients with a severe Covid-19 course were often older and had more comorbidities than patients with a mild infection. Many of the patients had a mild Covid-19 course despite having metastatic melanoma and systemic therapy. We therefore recommend continuing systemic therapy whenever possible, even in such exceptional situations as the Covid-19 pandemic.