gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac toxicity of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with high-dose chemotherapy: a retrospective study (2006)

HER-2 overexpression is associated to a poor prognosis in high-risk and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). HER-2 status is also a predictive factor and when trastuzumab is administered in combination with or sequentially to chemotherapy, a significant disease-free and/or overall survival improvement has been observed in HER-2+ early and MBC. Unfortunately, in both settings, trastuzumab is associated with an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction (CD). We have reviewed the clinical charts of HER-2-overexpressing MBC patients treated with trastuzumab after HDC. Age, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), radiation therapy on cardiac area, exposure to anthracycline, single or multiple transplant, high-dose agents, trastuzumab treatment duration were recorded as potential risk factors. In total, 53 patients have been included in the analysis. Median LVEF at baseline was 60.5%; at the end of trastuzumab (data available for 28 patients only), it was 55% (P = 0.01). Five out of the 28 (17.9%) patients experienced CD. Two out of 53 (3.8%) patients developed a congestive heart failure. Age > or = 50 years and multiple transplant procedure were potential risk factors for CD. The overall incidence of CD observed in this population of HER-2+ MBC patients treated with trastuzumab after HDC is not superior to that reported with concomitant trastuzumab and anthracyclines. However, patients with age > or = 50 years or receiving multiple course of HDC should be considered at risk for CD.
Time Resolved Stimulated Emission Depletion in Two-Photon Excited States (2003)

A new approach to time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy based on stimulated emission depletion (STED) of two-photon excited states is presented. combined with time-resolved detection, STED can circumvent orientational averaging constraints and spontaneous emission selection rules inherent in all conventional techniques. Applications of STED to the study of molecular probe dynamics are presented, together with studies of STED dynamics in a new push-push two-photon chromophore.
Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabinoid CB2Receptor Agonists (2016)

Review on Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonists
Traditional Multiwell Plates and Petri Dishes Limit the Evaluation of the Effects of Ultrasound on Cells In Vitro (2022)

Ultrasound accelerates healing in fractured bone; however, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. Experimental setups and ultrasound exposures vary or are not adequately characterized across studies, resulting in inter-study variation and difficulty in concluding biological effects. This study investigated experimental variability introduced through the cell culture platform used. Continuous wave ultrasound (45 kHz; 10, 25 or 75 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, 5 min/d) was applied, using a Duoson device, to Saos-2 cells seeded in multiwell plates or Petri dishes. Pressure field and vibration quantification and finite-element modelling suggested formation of complex interference patterns, resulting in localized displacement and velocity gradients, more pronounced in multiwell plates. Cell experiments revealed lower metabolic activities in both culture platforms at higher ultrasound intensities and absence of mineralization in certain regions of multiwell plates but not in Petri dishes. Thus, the same transducer produced variable results in different cell culture platforms. Analysis on Petri dishes further revealed that higher intensities reduced vinculin expression and distorted cell morphology, while causing mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum damage and accumulation of cells in sub-G1 phase, leading to cell death. More defined experimental setups and reproducible ultrasound exposure systems are required to study the real effect of ultrasound on cells for development of effective ultrasound-based therapies not just limited to bone repair and regeneration.
ASIME 2018 White Paper. In-Space Utilisation of Asteroids: Asteroid Composition -- Answers to Questions from the Asteroid Miners (2019)

In keeping with the Luxembourg government's initiative to support the future use of space resources, ASIME 2018 was held in Belval, Luxembourg on April 16-17, 2018. The goal of ASIME 2018: Asteroid Intersections with Mine Engineering, was to focus on asteroid composition for advancing the asteroid in-space resource utilisation domain. What do we know about asteroid composition from remote-sensing observations? What are the potential caveats in the interpretation of Earth-based spectral observations? What are the next steps to improve our knowledge on asteroid composition by means of ground-based and space-based observations and asteroid rendez-vous and sample return missions? How can asteroid mining companies use this knowledge? ASIME 2018 was a two-day workshop of almost 70 scientists and engineers in the context of the engineering needs of space missions with in-space asteroid utilisation. The 21 Questions from the asteroid mining companies were sorted into the four asteroid science themes: 1) Potential Targets, 2) Asteroid-Meteorite Links, 3) In-Situ Measurements and 4) Laboratory Measurements. The Answers to those Questions were provided by the scientists with their conference presentations and collected by A. Graps or edited directly into an open-access collaborative Google document or inserted by A. Graps using additional reference materials. During the ASIME 2018, first day and second day Wrap-Ups, the answers to the questions were discussed further. New readers to the asteroid mining topic may find the Conversation boxes and the Mission Design discussions especially interesting.
Using MIMO system identification for modal analysis and global stabilization of large power systems (2002)

This paper applies a state-space system identification technique to first derive a large-scale small-signal model of the Hydro-Quebec power system. This linearized MIMO model is then used to design global stabilizing controllers which achieve supplementary modulation of voltage regulators, based on wide-area phasor measurements. Following a detailed SVD and modal analysis of the system dynamic interactions, five control sites consisting of four generators and one synchronous condenser were paired with remote phasor measuring units (PMU), geographically spread over nine electrically coherent areas. Four dominant natural loops were identified, each associated with a significant open-loop natural mode at 0.06, 0.43, 0.7 and 0.95 Hz respectively. These two-loop PSSs have a speed sensitive local loop operating in the usual way, and a wide-area measurement based global loop which involves a single differential frequency signal between two suitably selected areas. The tuning and coordination technique for these complex multiple controllers is described. Their impacts on the system is assessed using small-signal analysis.
Crash Mitigation in Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles (2019)

A motion planning method for autonomous vehicles confronting emergency situations where collision is inevitable, generating a path to mitigate the crash as much as possible, is proposed in this paper. The Model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is adopted here for motion planning. If avoidance is impossible for the model predictive motion planning system, the potential crash severity, and artificial potential field are filled into the controller objective to achieve general obstacle avoidance and the lowest crash severity. Furthermore, the vehicle dynamic is also considered as an optimal control problem. Based on the analysis mentioned earlier, the model predictive controller can optimize the command following, obstacle avoidance, vehicle dynamics, road regulation, and mitigate the inevitable crash based on the predicted values. The proposed MPC algorithm has been proved by simulation to have the ability to avoid obstacles and mitigate the crash if collision is inevitable.
Synthesis of Methanethiol from CS2 on Ni‐, Co‐, and K‐Doped MoS2/SiO2 Catalysts (2013)

Abstract The synthesis of methanethiol from CS 2 catalyzed by Ni‐, Co‐, or K‐modified MoS 2 /SiO 2 through the sequence CS 2 →CH 3 SH→CH 3 SCH 3 (DMS) has been studied. CS 2 is readily hydrogenated to CH 3 SH, whereas CH 3 SH and DMS decompose to CH 4 at high CS 2 conversions and temperatures. Thus, very high yields of CH 3 SH can be obtained on all the catalysts. The addition of Co or Ni accelerates all reaction steps to allow the formation of CH 3 SH under relatively mild conditions. On the contrary, K suppresses the formation of byproducts but also lowers the activity. The surface reaction proceeds through a series of hydrogen‐addition steps, the rate‐controlling step of which is the addition of the first H atom. H 2 adsorbs dissociatively, whereas CS 2 adsorbs strongly in a single active site prior to hydrogenation. The addition of Ni has a stronger enhancing effect on hydrogenation and accelerates the CS bond cleavage to a smaller extent than Co. Therefore, Ni leads to optimum CH 3 SH yields and holds the best promise as promoter for the MoS 2 phase in the synthesis of methanethiol from CS 2 .
Tension Aligned Deployable Structures for Large 1-D and 2-D Array Applications (2008)

A concept is presented for the packaging and deployment of large tension aligned 1-D and 2-D arrays composed of hard panels with a finite thickness. The concept involves three novel features which together act to provide an array with unique packaging, deployment, and operational capabilities. First, a linear array of panels are supported only at the ends and require no continuous attachment along the support truss. This simplifies integration and enables modular development and use of heritage hardware. Also, since the panels are only supported at the ends and are aligned by tension, the array is isolated from the mechanical and thermal distortions of the truss. Second, the panels are attached to each other with revolute joints to simplify deployment and required mechanisms. Third, a pattern of hinges has been developed that allows a direct extension of the concept to a 2-D array of hard panels. Simple models are presented that demonstrate the 2-D array folding and deployment concept. Frequency analyses are presented of the 1-D and 2-D arrays that provide a perspective of their structural performance.
Corneal tissue ablation using 6.1 μm quantum cascade laser (2012)

High absorption property of tissues in the IR range (&lambda;&gt; 2 &mu;m) results in effective tissue ablation, especially near 3 &mu;m. In the mid-infrared range, wavelengths of 6.1 &mu;m and 6.45 &mu;m fall into the absorption bands of the amide protein groups Amide-I and Amide-II, respectively. They also coincide with the deformation mode of water, which has an absorption peak at 6.1 &mu;m. This coincidence makes 6.1 &mu;m laser a better ablation tool that has promising effectiveness and minimum collateral damages than 3 &mu;m lasers. In this work, we performed bovine corneal ablation test in-vitro using high-power 6.1&mu;m quantum cascade laser (QCL) operated at pulse mode. Quantum cascade laser has the advantages of low cost, compact size and tunable wavelength, which makes it great alternative Mid-IR light source to conventional tunable free-electron lasers (FEL) for medical applications. Preliminary results show that effective corneal stroma craters were achieved with much less collateral damage in corneal tissue that contains less water. Future study will focus on optimizing the control parameters of QCL to attain neat and precise ablation of corneal tissue and development of high peak power QCL.
The relationship between hippocampal NAA and functional connectivity within the Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2023)

We investigated the association between two MR markers of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) measured by MR Spectroscopy within the hippocampus; and functional connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN). We showed differential relationships between functional coupling/connectivity and NAA in MCI and controls, with an association between these measures in MCI not evident in controls. For those with MCI, we detected 20 connections within the DMN associated with NAA levels, with stronger connectivity associated with lower NAA levels. This suggests change in NAA within the hippocampus is associated with functional change within the DMN for those with MCI.
CROSS-TALK BETWEEN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND THEIR HOST CELLS (1996)

A taxonomically diverse group of bacterial pathogens have evolved a variety of strategies to subvert host-cellular functions to their advantage. This often involves two-way biochemical interactions leading to responses in both the pathogen and host cell. Central to this interaction is the function of a specialized protein secretion system that directs the export and/or translocation into the host cells of a number of bacterial proteins that can induce or interfere with host-cell signal transduction pathways. The understanding of these bacterial/host-cell interactions will not only lead to novel therapeutic approaches but will also result in a better understanding of a variety of basic aspects of cell physiology and immunology.
Characterization of copolymers of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone with 2‐phenyl‐1, 1‐dicyanoethene (1988)

Abstract Copolymers of N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and 2‐phenyl‐1, 1‐dicyanoethene were studied. Infrared, proton, and carbon‐13 spectra of the copolymers are discussed by comparison with poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone), model compounds, and various copolymers. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was investigated by using DSC, TMA, and TGA methods. Thermal as well as thermooxidative stability of the copolymers was found to be lower than those of poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone).
Estruturas Virtuais e Diferenciação de Vértices em Grafos de Dependência para Detecção de Malware Metamórfico (2014)

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia de identificação de malware metamórfico baseada na comparação de grafos de dependência armazenados numa base de referência. Em função da diferenciação estrutural dos vértices e da adição de estruturas virtuais, a metodologia proposta é capaz de identificar e eliminar os elementos não relevantes do grafo de referência original, reduzindo o tamanho da base de referência e melhorando a variância nos resultados obtidos durante a comparação entre os grafos. Para validar isto, é apresentada a comparação dos resultados obtidos com aqueles gerados por uma metodologia de referência, na identificação dos malware metamórficos W32.Evol e W32.Polip.
Balanced Reed-Solomon codes (2016)

We consider the problem of constructing linear MDS error-correcting codes with generator matrices that are sparsest and balanced. In this context, sparsest means that every row has the least possible number of non-zero entries, and balanced means that every column contains the same number of non-zero entries. Codes with this structure minimize the maximal computation time of computing any code symbol, a property that is appealing to systems where computational load-balancing is critical. The problem was studied before by Dau et al. where it was shown that there always exists an MDS code over a sufficiently large field such that its generator matrix is both sparsest and balanced. However, the construction is not explicit and more importantly, the resulting MDS codes do not lend themselves to efficient error correction. With an eye towards explicit constructions with efficient decoding, we show in this paper that the generator matrix of a cyclic Reed-Solomon code of length n and dimension k can always be transformed to one that is both sparsest and balanced, for all parameters n and k where k/n (n - k + 1) is an integer.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Invades Host Cells via an HDAC6-modulated Microtubule-dependent Pathway (2008)

Strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) encode filamentous adhesive organelles called type 1 pili that promote bacterial colonization and invasion of the bladder epithelium. Type 1 pilus-mediated interactions with host receptors, including alpha3beta1 integrin, trigger localized actin rearrangements that lead to internalization of adherent bacteria via a zipper-like mechanism. Here we report that type 1 pilus-mediated bacterial invasion of bladder cells also requires input from host microtubules and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytosolic enzyme that, by deacetylating alpha-tubulin, can alter the stability of microtubules along with the recruitment and directional trafficking of the kinesin-1 motor complex. We found that disruption of microtubules by nocodazole or vinblastine treatment, as well as microtubule stabilization by taxol, inhibited host cell invasion by UPEC, as did silencing of HDAC6 expression or pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 activity. Invasion did not require two alternate HDAC6 substrates, Hsp90 and cortactin, but was dependent upon the kinesin-1 light chain KLC2 and an upstream activator of HDAC6, aurora A kinase. These results indicate that HDAC6 and microtubules act as vital regulatory elements during the invasion process, possibly via indirect effects on kinesin-1 and associated cargos.
Topological analysis of chaotic dynamical systems (1998)

Topological methods have recently been developed for the analysis of dissipative dynamical systems that operate in the chaotic regime. They were originally developed for three-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems, but they are applicable to all ``low-dimensional'' dynamical systems. These are systems for which the flow rapidly relaxes to a three-dimensional subspace of phase space. Equivalently, the associated attractor has Lyapunov dimension ${d}_{L}&lt;3.$ Topological methods supplement methods previously developed to determine the values of metric and dynamical invariants. However, topological methods possess three additional features: they describe how to model the dynamics; they allow validation of the models so developed; and the topological invariants are robust under changes in control-parameter values. The topological-analysis procedure depends on identifying the stretching and squeezing mechanisms that act to create a strange attractor and organize all the unstable periodic orbits in this attractor in a unique way. The stretching and squeezing mechanisms are represented by a caricature, a branched manifold, which is also called a template or a knot holder. This turns out to be a version of the dynamical system in the limit of infinite dissipation. This topological structure is identified by a set of integer invariants. One of the truly remarkable results of the topological-analysis procedure is that these integer invariants can be extracted from a chaotic time series. Furthermore, self-consistency checks can be used to confirm the integer values. These integers can be used to determine whether or not two dynamical systems are equivalent; in particular, they can determine whether a model developed from time-series data is an accurate representation of a physical system. Conversely, these integers can be used to provide a model for the dynamical mechanisms that generate chaotic data. In fact, the author has constructed a doubly discrete classification of strange attractors. The underlying branched manifold provides one discrete classification. Each branched manifold has an ``unfolding'' or perturbation in which some subset of orbits is removed. The remaining orbits are determined by a basis set of orbits that forces the presence of all remaining orbits. Branched manifolds and basis sets of orbits provide this doubly discrete classification of strange attractors. In this review the author describes the steps that have been developed to implement the topological-analysis procedure. In addition, the author illustrates how to apply this procedure by carrying out the analysis of several experimental data sets. The results obtained for several other experimental time series that exhibit chaotic behavior are also described.
P428 Long-term outcomes of endoscopic ballon dilation for small-bowl strictures using double balloon enteroscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease (2019)

Crohn’s disease (CD) often progresses to stricturing or penetrating type. Although the most common reason for intestinal resection is gastrointestinal stricture, endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is a useful procedure for relieving stricture and thereby allowing avoidance of surgery. However, only a few studies have examined the long-term usefulness of EBD for treating small-bowel stricture. Our present CD patients who had undergone EBD for small-bowel stricture (including ileocolonic anastomotic stricture) were retrospectively examined to determine the long-term usefulness of this procedure. The subjects had undergone dilation of small intestinal and ileocolonic anastomotic strictures by double balloon enteroscopy at our department between 2005 and August 2015. EBD was indicated for patients with stricture symptoms or confirmed stricture precluding passage of an endoscope whose stricture sites were free of deep ulceration, abscess or fistula, and measured less than 5 cm. The data on short- and long-term outcomes were collected from the records of patients meeting the indications. Short-term success was defined as the passage of an endoscope through the stricture site or a combination of technical success of EBD and resolution of stricture symptoms. For long-term outcomes, cumulative surgery-free rates were analysed. This study included 111 patients who had met the indications and undergone EBD. The patient characteristics were a male-to-female ratio of 88:23, mean age of 35.6 years, and mean symptom duration of 12 years. The disease types were ileal in 57 patients and ileocolonic in 54. The short-term success rate was 72.1% (80/111). Overall, the cumulative surgery-free rates were 63.8% at 4 years and 52.8% at 8 years. Surgery was necessary for small-bowel stricture in 74.5% of the patients and for other reasons (eg, fistula formation) in 25.5%. When the cumulative surgery-free rates were compared between patients with and without short-term success, the rates were statistically significantly higher in those with success (p < 0.05). In CD patients, EBD for small-bowel stricture achieved a high short-term success rate and was useful for long-term avoidance of surgery after such success.
From the Guest Editors (2001)

"From the Guest Editors." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 355(1), p. 1
Fuzzy Technology Application in a Bauxite Digestion Unit (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Technology Development and Application Results and Discussion Conclusion