gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of suspension and dissolution on strength and deformation of soft carbonate rocks (2018)

Chalks are highly porous rocks formed of mainly carbonate grains bonded together by calcite bridges. From a microstructural point of view they are very similar to calcarenites. The above characteristics make them prone to water induced weathering, frequently featuring large caverns and inland natural underground cavities. This study is aimed to determine the main physical processes at the base of the short - and long-term weakening experienced by these rocks when interacting with water. We present the results of microscale experimental investigations performed on calcarenites from different sites in Southern Italy. SEM, thin sections, X-ray CT observations and related analyses are used for both the interpretation -definition of the structure changes and the identification -quantification of the degradation mechanisms. Two distinct types of bonding could be identified within the rock: depositional bonds and diagenetic bonds. The diverse mechanisms linked to these two types of bonding explain both the observed fast decrease in rock strength when water fills the pores (short-term effect of water), identified with a short-term debonding (STD), and a long-term weakening of the material, when the latter is persistently kept in water saturated conditions (long-term effect of water), identified with a long-term debonding (LTD). To highlight the micro-hydro-chemo mechanical processes of formation and annihilation of the depositional bonds and their role in the evolution of the mechanical strength of the material, mechanical tests on samples prepared by drying partially saturated calcarenite powder, or a mix of glass ballotini and calcarenite powder were conducted. Finally the use of transparent chemical consolidants as a more sustainable alternative to grouting is explored experimentally.
Smart valve actuation for dynamic fluid flow control with constraints in the power unit (2012)

Perfect reference tracking by peripheral subsystems is a common requirement in industry, but it is often limited by system non-linearities. In fluid flow control systems, non-linearities are mainly caused by the characteristic curve of a valve. Such a curve describes the steady state relation between the valve opening and the flow rate but is significantly modified when installing the valve in a pipeline. Traditionally, the valve is adjusted to the pipe by design, an expensive and very complicated approach. In contrast, in the mechatronic approach a powerful, high-dynamic actuator is used within a control loop to realize perfect tracking in dynamic conditions from the input of the overall process control system to the actual flow rate. This approach is cost-effective, easy exchangeable and allows a simple expansion of existing plants. In this paper, the mechatronic approach is developed and validated. Firstly, a modular, mathematical model of the hydraulic power unit, the hydraulic cylinder, the valve and the fluid flow in the pipe is derived. Subsequently, a model-based control concept is employed to invert the model and compensate system non-linearities in dynamic conditions. Finally, the approach is validated numerically with respect to challenging test cases employing industrial devices and recalling industrial needs. The results attained prove that the mechatronic approach allows extending the range of perfect tracking of valves, and that useful insights for the development of such systems can be provided.
Cellular Communication Networks Design Based on Radio Propagation Phenomena (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Grade of Service (GOS) Design Operating in Multipath Fading Environment Propagation Aspects of Cell Planning Prediction of Parameters of Information Data Stream Bibliography
Tranexamic Acid for Trauma Resuscitation in the United States of America (2016)

The utilization of tranexamic acid (TXA) for the management of bleeding trauma patients has been a subject of much debate on both sides of the Atlantic and in Australia. As a result of the large randomized controlled study called the <i>Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Severe Hemorrhage (CRASH-2)</i>, there was an initial enthusiasm for the use of TXA to treat bleeding patients. However, the adoption of TXA in the United States was delayed by concerns of "knowledge and evidence gaps" of the CRASH-2 study and because of a lack of mechanistic rationale that would explain the survival benefit noted in the study. Subsequent nonrandomized controlled trials questioned the liberal use of TXA in trauma patients. This narrative review explores the historical as well as clinical and theoretical grounds for the more measured use of TXA in the United States and proposes a clinical and point-of-care guided utilization of TXA, blood components, and adjunctive hemostatic agents in bleeding trauma patients.
Induction of tissue transglutaminase in mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1983)

Tissue transglutaminase accumulates rapidly and to very high levels (1-2% of cellular protein) in mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured in mouse serum. The induction is due to accelerated synthesis of the enzyme (150-fold increase) that occurs within 90 min of exposure of the cells to a heat-labile constituent of serum or plasma. The induction is reversible and is not reproduced by known activators of macrophage function such as lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide, and tuftsin. In animals, elevated levels of tissue transglutaminase are also found in inflammatory macrophages elicited by thioglycolate broth.
The Course Arrangement of “Mathematic Experiment”in the Mathematics Major of Open Education (2004)

This thesis advocates to set the course of“Mathematic Experiment”in Mathematics major(undergraduate course) of open distance education through analyzing the present condition of course arrangement in mathematic experiment major and mathematic modeling, the method of counting the method of statistics, the method of optimization, the practice of computer, etc. And the thesis expounds the course implementation in of“Mathematic Experiment”and other problems that are worth paying attention to.
Metal complexes of weakly coordinating anions. Precursors of strong cationic organometallic Lewis acids (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMetal complexes of weakly coordinating anions. Precursors of strong cationic organometallic Lewis acidsWolfgang Beck and Karlheinz SuenkelCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 7, 1405–1421Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00089a017https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00089a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3095Altmetric-Citations426LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hijacking Host Cell Highways: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens (2016)

Intracellular bacterial pathogens replicate within eukaryotic cells and display unique adaptations that support key infection events including invasion, replication, immune evasion, and dissemination. From invasion to dissemination, all stages of the intracellular bacterial life cycle share the same three-dimensional cytosolic space containing the host cytoskeleton. For successful infection and replication, many pathogens hijack the cytoskeleton using effector proteins introduced into the host cytosol by specialized secretion systems. A subset of effectors contains eukaryotic-like motifs that mimic host proteins to exploit signaling and modify specific cytoskeletal components such as actin and microtubules. Cytoskeletal rearrangement promotes numerous events that are beneficial to the pathogen, including internalization of bacteria, structural support for bacteria-containing vacuoles, altered vesicular trafficking, actin-dependent bacterial movement, and pathogen dissemination. This review highlights a diverse group of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that manipulate the host cytoskeleton to thrive within eukaryotic cells and discusses underlying molecular mechanisms that promote these dynamic host-pathogen interactions.
Detoxification of aflatoxin contaminated corn by methanol extraction. (1982)

Corn containing 500 ppb aflatoxin was decontaminated by methanolic extraction. Ninety percent of the aflatoxin was removed in one three-minute blending with a solvent to corn ratio of 4:1. Recycling methanol for additional extractions could be done by removal of aflatoxin by carbon or distillation of the methanol. Methanol costs per bushel of corn without recycling would probably be expensive. By recycling, the cost is estimated to be ten to twenty cents per bushel in a laboratory size experiment. A source of ethanol on the farm could make the process more feasible. Chicks fed decontaminated corn showed no signs of aflatoxin toxicity. Fatty degenerated livers were produced in chicks fed the nondetoxified corn. Other mycotoxins which are not affected by the ammoniation process used to decontaminate corn, can be removed by this process.
Synergistic regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene by CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β and nuclear factor‐κB in hepatocytes (1998)

These results demonstrate that C/EBPbeta may involve iNOS gene expression synergistically with NF-kappaB in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
Catalytic Formation of Carbon–Carbon Bonds by Activation of Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds (1999)

The direct functionalization of C–H bonds by formation of a C–C bond is an interesting and important alternative to coupling reactions involving halide derivatives. These reactions are complex but during the past few years a number of new systems have been developed which display promising scope. This microreview will briefly mention the different mechanisms leading to C–H activation and describe the new systems leading to the catalytic formation of carbon–carbon bonds.
Multilevel discriminative training for spelled word recognition (2002)

Discriminative training is effective in enhancing robustness for recognition tasks characterized by high confusion rates. We apply discriminative training to different components of a spelled word recognizer to improve the recognition accuracy among confusable letters. First we weighted the HMM states to emphasize the letters' discriminant part. The training achieved a 17% decrease in unit (letter) error rate when the search was performed with an unconstrained grammar. Then we designed a new algorithm that relies on discriminative training to adapt the grammar transition probabilities and the language weight. This method uses acoustic information to provide a tight coupling between the acoustic and language models. Experimental results showed the state weighting followed by the adaptation of a bigram language model reduced by 11% the total unit errors and by 12% the unit errors among the E-Set of the English alphabet.
Low-Temperature Partial Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Hydrogen-Rich Gas over CuO–CeO2/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts for Fuel Cell Supply (2019)

The CuO–CeO2/γ-Al2O3 systems have good prospects as catalysts for partial oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) with air to give hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cell feeding. At atmospheric pressure, temperature of ~350°C, and reaction mixture flow rate of 7 L/(gcat h) and the DME : O2 : N2 molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 4 (DME : air = 1 : 5), the catalysts provide complete DME conversion to hydrogen-rich gas with a low content of CH4 (≤0.8 mol %) and H2 production rate of ~3.1 L/(gcat h).
T-lymphocyte production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α is critical to the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to the liver, lung, and spleen during graft-versus-host disease (2000)

To investigate the mechanism by which macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) affects graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the expression and function of MIP-1alpha in 2 murine models of GVHD were evaluated. In irradiated class I and class II disparate recipients, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein for MIP-1alpha was significantly increased in GVHD target organs after transfer of allogeneic lymphocytes compared to syngeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes unable to make MIP-1alpha were transferred, there was a decrease in the production of MIP-1alpha in the liver, lung, and spleen of bm1 (B6.C-H2(bm1)/By) and bm12 (B6.C-H2(bm12)/KhEg) recipients compared to the transfer of wild-type splenocytes. At day 6 there was a 4-fold decrease in the number of transferred CD8(+) T cells in the lung and approximately a 2-fold decrease in the number of CD8(+) T cells in the liver and spleen in bm1 recipients after transfer of MIP-1alpha-deficient (MIP-1alpha(-/-)) splenocytes compared to wild-type (MIP-1alpha(+/+)) splenocytes. These differences persisted for 13 days after splenocyte transfer. In contrast, the number of donor CD4(+) T cells found in the liver and lung was significantly increased after the transfer of MIP-1alpha(-/-) compared to wild-type splenocytes in bm12 recipients from day 6 through day 10. Thus, the transfer of allogeneic T cells was associated with the enhanced expression of MIP-1alpha in both a class I and class II mismatch setting. However, the increased expression only led to enhanced recruitment of CD8(+), but not CD4(+), donor T cells. Production of MIP-1alpha by donor T cells is important in the occurrence of GVHD and functions in a tissue-dependent fashion.
Generative Adversarial Privacy: A Data-Driven Approach to Information-Theoretic Privacy (2018)

We present a data-driven framework called generative adversarial privacy (GAP). Inspired by recent advancements in generative adversarial networks (GANs), GAP allows the data holder to learn the privatization mechanism directly from the data. Under GAP, finding the optimal privacy mechanism is formulated as a constrained minimax game between a privatizer and an adversary. We show that for appropriately chosen adversarial loss functions, GAP provides privacy guarantees against strong information-theoretic adversaries. We also evaluate GAP's performance on the GENKI face database.
Validation of a bench-top culturing and electrophysiogical recording chamber for neurophysiological trials (2018)

Multi Electrode Array (MEA) technology allows to non-invasively record neural culture activity, overcoming several limits of traditional neuropharmacological and neurophysiological studies. To obtain reliable results and to ensure experiments reproducibility, it is necessary to maintain the cells in a controlled environment, which allows the proper growth of the culture. For this reason, MEAs recording setups need to be coupled with an environmental parameters control system, keeping CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration, temperature, humidity and pH within physiological ranges. In this work, we have validated a bench-top chamber prototype for long-term continuous and parallel recordings from multiple MEAs. We first validated the MEA acquisition chain through the comparison with a commercial gold-standard MEA recording system. Then, we tested a control unit based on environmental parameters sensors. To test the maintenance of optimal environmental conditions for cell cultures, long-term measurements of parameters were performed, alongside with measurements of culture medium evaporation rate and osmolarity. After demonstrating the capability of the setup to support cultures growth, neurophysiological trials were conducted on neuronal cell cultures inside the chamber. Through the comparison with the Benchmark system, we demonstrated that the custom bench-top system can monitor the cell electrical activity producing similar range of values for most of the features computed.
ATP-supplies in the cold-preserved liver: A long-neglected factor of organ viability (2002)

he goal of liver preservation during transplant surgery is to maintain cellular viability, to allow T early resumption of normal cellular metabolism on reperfusion, and thus to avoid the potential morbidity and mortality associated with poor graft function. The major tool used for liver preservation today is cold organ storage, which reduces metabolic activity by lowering the temperature to between 1 to 4C.'
Östradiol hemmt Dopamin-vermittelte Verhaltensweisen bei Ratten - ein Tiermodell zur Untersuchung der geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei der Schizophrenie (1992)

We found in a representative sample of 392 first hospital admissions for schizophrenia a higher mean age at onset in females by 3.2 to 3.9 years, whereas the lifetime risk was equal for both sexes. In males the rates of onset show a steep increase reaching the maximum value in the age group 15-24 years, followed then by a steady decrease. Females reach the first peak with a clear delay between 20 and 29 years. After the decrease a second smaller peak is observed consistently in females within the age group 45-49 years and over. After having excluded alternative explanations for this gender differences (for example, diagnosis artefacts, sociocultural factors), we hypothesized that the effect of oestradiol on the dopaminergic system enhances the vulnerability threshold for schizophrenia, which is lowered again during the menopause. Alternatively we assumed that testosterone reduces the vulnerability threshold and thus furthers the earlier onset of schizophrenia in males. We tested these hypotheses in animal models by investigating the effects of the gonadal hormones on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and on apomorphine-induced stereotypies in both neonatal and adult rats. Testosterone showed no clear influence on the tested dopamine-mediated behaviour. Oestradiol caused a significant reduction on both dopamine-agonist and dopamine-antagonist induced behaviour. These effects were stronger in neonatal animals. Since oestradiol caused a 2.8-fold reduction of dopamine receptor affinity for sulpiride, we assumed that the behavioural changes caused by oestradiol were accounted for by a down-regulation of the dopaminergic system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Light-Mediated Growth of Noble Metal Nanostructures (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, Ir, Rh) From Micro- and Nanoscale ZnO Tetrapodal Backbones (2018)

Micro- and nanoscale ZnO tetrapods provide an attractive support for metallic nanostructures since they can be inexpensively produced using the flame transport method and nanoparticle synthesis schemes can take advantage of a coupled response facilitated by the formation of a semiconductor-metal interface. Here, we present a light-mediated solution-based growth mode capable of decorating the surface of ZnO tetrapods with nanostructures of gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and rhodium. It involves two coupled reactions that are driven by the optical excitation of electron-hole pairs in the ZnO semiconductor by ultraviolet photons where the excited electrons are used to reduce aqueous metal ions onto the ZnO tetrapod as excited holes are scavenged from the surface. For the most part, the growth mode gives rise to nanoparticles with a roundish morphology that are uniformly distributed on the tetrapod surface. Larger structures with irregular shapes are, however, obtained for syntheses utilizing aqueous metal nitrates as opposed to chlorides, a result that suggests that the anion plays a role in shape determination. It is also demonstrated that changes to the molarity of the metal ion can influence the nanostructure nucleation rate. The catalytic activity of tetrapods decorated with each of the eight metals is assessed using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by borohydride as a model reaction where it is shown that those decorated with Pd, Ag, and Rh are the most active.
Circuit techniques for a 1.8-V-only NAND flash memory (2002)

Focusing on internal high-voltage (V/sub pp/) switching and generation for low-voltage NAND flash memories, this paper describes a V/sub (pp)/ switch, row decoder, and charge-pump circuit. The proposed nMOS V/sub pp/ switch is composed of only intrinsic high-voltage transistors without channel implantation, which realizes both reduction of the minimum operating voltage and elimination of the V/sub pp/ leakage current. The proposed row decoder scheme is described in which all blocks are in selected state in standby so as to prevent standby current from flowing through the proposed V/sub pp/ switches in the row decoder. A merged charge-pump scheme generates a plurality of voltage levels with an individually optimized efficiency, which reduces circuit area in comparison with the conventional scheme that requires a separate charge-pump circuit for each voltage level. The proposed circuits were implemented on an experimental NAND flash memory. The charge pump and V/sub pp/ switch successfully operated at a supply voltage of 1.8 V with a standby current of 10 /spl mu/A. The proposed pump scheme reduced the area required for charge-pump circuits by 40%.
Concerns around the Applicability of RFC 4474 (2008)

RFC 4474 defines a mechanism for secure identification of callers in
the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This mechanism has been used as
the foundation for some recent additional work, including connected
party identification, anti-spam, and secure media. However, concerns
have been raised about the applicability of RFC 4474 in real
deployments and the actual level of security services it provides.
This document describes those concerns.
Batch mode micro-electro-discharge machining (2002)

This paper describes a micro-electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM) technique that uses electrode arrays to achieve high parallelism and throughput in the machining. It explores constraints in the fabrication and usage of high aspect ratio LIGA-fabricated electrode arrays, as well as the limits imposed by the pulse discharge circuits on machining rates. An array of 400 Cu electrodes with 20 /spl mu/m diameter was used to machine perforations in 50-/spl mu/m-thick stainless steel. To increase the spatial and temporal multiplicity of discharge pulses, arrays of electrodes with lithographically fabricated interconnect and block-wise independent pulse control resistance-capacitance (RC) circuits are used, resulting in >100/spl times/ improvement in throughput compared to single electrodes. However, it was found to compromise surface smoothness. A modified pulse generation scheme that exploits the parasitic capacitance of the interconnect offers similarly high machining rates and is more amenable to integration. Stainless steel workpieces of 100 /spl mu/m thickness were machined by 100 /spl mu/m/spl times/100 /spl mu/m square cross-section electrodes using in 85 s using an 80-V power supply. Surface smoothness was unaffected by electrode multiplicity. Using electrode arrays with four circuits, batch production of 36 WC-Co gears with 300 /spl mu/m outside diameter and 70 /spl mu/m thickness in 15 min is demonstrated.