gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe (2022)

Abstract European genetic ancestry originates from three main ancestral populations - Western hunter-gatherers, early European farmers and Yamnaya Eurasian herders - whose edges geographically met in present-day France. Despite its central role to our understanding of how the ancestral populations interacted and gave rise to modern population structure, the population history of France has remained largely understudied. Here, we analysed the high-coverage whole-genome sequences and genome-wide genotype profiles of respectively 856 and 3,234 present-day individuals from the northern half of France, and merged them with publicly available present-day and ancient Europe-wide genotype datasets. We also explored, for the first time, the whole-genome sequences of six mediaeval individuals (300-1100 CE) from Western France to gain insights into the genetic impact of what is commonly known as the Migration Period in Europe. We found extensive fine-scale population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin, emphasising the need for investigating local populations to better understand the distribution of rare and putatively deleterious variants across space. Overall, we observed an increased population differentiation between the northern and southern sides of the river Loire, which are characterised by different proportions of steppe vs. Neolithic-related ancestry. Samples from Western Brittany carry the largest levels of steppe ancestry and show high levels of allele sharing with individuals associated with the Bell Beaker complex, levels that are only comparable with those found in populations lying on the northwestern edges of Europe. Together, our results imply that present-day individuals from Western Brittany retain substantial legacy of the genetic changes that occurred in Northwestern Europe following the arrival of the Bell Beaker people c. 2500 BCE. Such genetic legacy may explain the sharing of disease-related alleles with other present-day populations from Western Britain and Ireland.
Adenosine A3 receptors regulate serotonin transport via nitric oxide and cGMP. (1994)

Many antidepressants inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) transport resulting in increased 5HT levels in the synapse. However, physiological regulation of neurotransmitter uptake has not been demonstrated. We have examined the effect of receptor-activated second messengers on the 5HT transporter in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL 2H3). Here, we show that activation of an A3 adenosine receptor results in an increase of 5HT uptake in RBL cells, due to an increase in maximum velocity (Vmax). The A3 adenosine receptor-stimulated increase in transport is blocked by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and by a cGMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. In fact, compounds that generate nitric oxide (NO) and the cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP mimicked the effect of A3 receptor stimulation, suggesting that the elevation in transport occurs through the generation of the gaseous second messenger NO and a subsequent elevation in cGMP. Additionally, the 5HT transporter is differentially regulated by second messengers since direct activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters decreases 5HT uptake by decreasing Vmax. Our results suggest that the changes in transport are due to a direct modification of the 5HT transporter, possibly by phosphorylation, which appears to alter the rate at which transport occurs. As the 5HT transporter in RBL cells is identical to that in neurons, our results suggest that analogous mechanisms may operate in the brain.
Broad Learning System: An Effective and Efficient Incremental Learning System Without the Need for Deep Architecture (2017)

Broad Learning System (BLS) that aims to offer an alternative way of learning in deep structure is proposed in this paper. Deep structure and learning suffer from a time-consuming training process because of a large number of connecting parameters in filters and layers. Moreover, it encounters a complete retraining process if the structure is not sufficient to model the system. The BLS is established in the form of a flat network, where the original inputs are transferred and placed as "mapped features" in feature nodes and the structure is expanded in wide sense in the "enhancement nodes." The incremental learning algorithms are developed for fast remodeling in broad expansion without a retraining process if the network deems to be expanded. Two incremental learning algorithms are given for both the increment of the feature nodes (or filters in deep structure) and the increment of the enhancement nodes. The designed model and algorithms are very versatile for selecting a model rapidly. In addition, another incremental learning is developed for a system that has been modeled encounters a new incoming input. Specifically, the system can be remodeled in an incremental way without the entire retraining from the beginning. Satisfactory result for model reduction using singular value decomposition is conducted to simplify the final structure. Compared with existing deep neural networks, experimental results on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database and NYU NORB object recognition dataset benchmark data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BLS.
Indexing web access-logs for pattern queries (2002)

In this paper, we develop a new indexing method for large web access-logs. We are concerned with pattern queries, which advocate the search for access sequences that contain certain query patterns. This kind of queries find applications in processing web-log mining results (e.g., finding typical/atypical access-sequences). The proposed method focuses on scalability to web-logs' sizes. For this reason, we examine the gains due to signature-trees, which can further improve the scalability to very large web-logs. Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Verrucous Hemangioma Revisited (2006)

We analyzed the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of verrucous hemangioma, compared these findings to hyperkeratotic mimickers such as capillary-lymphatic malformation or capillary-venous malformation and angiokeratoma circumscriptum, and reconsidered whether the term verrucous hemangioma is appropriate in the current nosology of vascular anomalies. Fourteen similar-appearing localized hyperkeratotic vascular lesions were identified by one surgeon as either angiokeratoma, angiokeratoma circumscriptum, capillary-venous malformation, capillary-lymphatic malformation, or verrucous hemangioma. All lesions were located on an extremity, except for one lesion on the trunk, and were single or grouped and 2.6 to 8 cm in diameter. All were raised, red-to-purple, variably keratotic with irregular borders, and several manifested intermittent bleeding and oozing. Excision was performed at 4 months to 16 years of age. After histologic review, three lesions were designated as combined vascular malformations composed of capillaries, lymphatics, and veins, and none was designated as angiokeratoma. Eleven of 14 specimens met the histologic criteria for verrucous hemangioma: a hyperkeratotic epidermis with small, thick-walled, blood-filled vessels with multilamellated basement membrane involving the entire dermis as well as the subcutis. Immunostaining showed focal GLUT1 endothelial positivity (7/11) and low-level MIB-1 reactivity (8/11). Verrucous hemangioma has the accepted clinical features of vascular malformation, specifically presence at birth and proportionate growth. Microscopic features, such as thick vascular walls, multilamellated basement membrane, relatively uniform channel size, and GLUT1 immunopositivity are reminiscent of infantile hemangioma, particularly in its involutive phase. No firm conclusion seems possible as to whether verrucous hemangioma is a malformation or an indolent tumor, but clinical evidence favors the former category.
Synthesis and evaluation of mono-, di-, and trifluoroethenyl-GABA derivatives as GABA-T inhibitors (1987)

The syntheses of four derivatives of gamma-vinyl-GABA, in which vinylic hydrogen atoms were replaced by fluorine, are described. With use of 5-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone as starting material, the E and Z isomers of 4-amino-6-fluoro-5-hexenoic acid were prepared. The 6,6-difluoro and 5,6,6-trifluoro analogues could be synthesized from 4-oxobutanoic acid tert-butyl ester and (2,2-difluoroethenyl)- and (trifluoroethenyl)lithium correspondingly. The compounds were tested as inhibitors of GABA-T, and their in vitro and in vivo biochemistry is reported. The most active derivative was (Z)-4-amino-6-fluoro-5-hexenoic acid; the structure-activity relationship in the series is discussed.
Fourier Images: I - The Point Source (1957)

The problem of designing a light or electron optical system specifically for the imaging of periodic objects, such as real crystals, is discussed. A qualitative appeal to communication theory suggests that it should be possible to devise systems of higher efficiency than the conventional microscope by using the a priori knowledge of periodicity.
Superiority of Concurrent Chemo Radiation Over Sequential Chemo Radiotherapy for Palliation of Dysphagia in Carcinoma Esophagus, A Reterospective Study (2017)

Aim: Positive results of many Trials have incorporated concurrent and sequential chemo radiotherapy in treatment of inoperable carcinoma esophagus. But concurrent chemo radiation therapy is similar to that achieved by surgery alone. The main plea of concurrent chemoradiation in esophageal cancers is early regression and palliation of dysphagia for long time. The aim of this study to analyse the modalities of treatment available for palliation of dysphagia in carcinoma esophagus and determine the most effective option among them. Materials and Methods: Between September 2011 to December 2013,50 patients of esophageal cancers were treated in our institute, 25 patients in sequential and 25 in concurrent chemo radiotherapy arm. Swallowing function was assessed in these patients by the use of a swallowing-function scoring system. Results: Assessment of response in two arms were done for grade of dysphagia palliation, Complete Response at 6 months and toxicity. Dysphagia scores improved in 88% in study arm and 64% in control arm. In study arm 28% male and 52% female patients, while in control arm 40 % male and 28% female patients presented with CR in primary tumor and mediastinal lymph node. There was statistical significant difference in toxicities of TLC and ANC between both arms. Grade 2 and 3 toxicities were 40% and 4% for TLC and were 28% and 0% for ANC in study and control arm respectively (p = 0.013 ,p=.014). This may be due to concurrent use of chemotherapy with radiation in study arm that also showed synergism for toxicity of TLC and ANC. Conclusion: Concurrent Chemo Radiotherapy is a more aggressive approach for dysphagia control, which is beneficial for those patients with good performance status .This approach is used as an alternative to stenting. This combination is more effective than neoadjuvant chemoradiation for improving dysphagia scores and QoL in inoperable esophageal cancers .
Subcutaneous Bioimpedance Recording: Assessment of a Method for Hemodynamic Monitoring by Implanted Devices (2008)

Our findings suggest that closely spaced subcutaneous electrodes identify changes in local tissue/vascular bioimpedance that correlate well with direct invasive measures of induced hypotension in a porcine model.
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF PETER BRIGGINS (2006)

This article draws attention to a little known and rarely used historical source, the diary of the early eighteenth-century London Friend Peter Briggins. Four areas of Briggins' life are examined: his business, religious, family and leisure activities. It is suggested that the examination of sources such as diaries and personal correspondence can shed new light on the nature of seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Quakerism. In particular, such material can enable the development of a more subtle picture of the relationships that existed between Friends and the communities in which they lived.
Star-formation rates of cluster galaxies: nature versus nurture (2017)

We analysed 17 galaxy clusters, and investigated, for the first time, the dependence of the star formation rate (SFR) and specific star formation rate (sSFR) as a function of projected distance (as a proxy for environment) and stellar mass for cluster galaxies in an intermediate-to-high redshift range (0.4 < z < 0.9). We used up to nine flux points (BVRIZYJHKs magnitudes), its errors, and redshifts to compute Mstar, SFR, and sSFR through the spectral energy distribution fitting technique. We use a z-dependent sSFR value to distinguish star-forming (SF) from quiescent galaxies. To analyse the SFR and sSFR history we split our sample into two redshift bins: galaxies at 0.4 < z < 0.6 and 0.6 < z < 0.9. We separate the effects of environment and stellar mass on galaxies by comparing the properties of SF and quiescent galaxies at fixed environment (projected radius) and fixed stellar mass. For the selected spectroscopic sample of more than 500 galaxies, the well-known correlation between SFR and Mstar is already in place at z ∼ 0.9, for both SF and quenched galaxies. Our results are consistent with no evidence that SFR (or sSFR) depends on environment, suggesting that for cluster galaxies at an intermediate-to-high redshift range, mass is the primary characteristic that drives SFR.
Introduction to NASA Living With a Star Institute Special Section on Low Earth Orbit Satellite Drag: Science and Operational Impact (2018)

Abstract This paper provides a brief description of the NASA Living With a Star (LWS) Institute special section on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite drag: Science and operational impact. The goals of the LWS institute are to (a) review the current status of atmospheric drag research and operational concerns for LEO satellites, (b) identify and understand the major issues in atmospheric drag estimation, and (c) provide recommendations for future improvement in our ability to provide nowcasts of satellite drag. This special section presents the progress made by the 17 institute members of the 11 participating institutes from four countries as well as additional contributions from scientists who were not part of the original NASA LWS LEO drag team. Contributions cover topics in measurement and modeling of solar extreme ultraviolet inputs, thermospheric neutral density profiles, changes in composition and total density, and satellite conjunction and orbit prediction. Errors in the thermosphere density specification are the dominant source in uncertainty of LEO drag estimation and satellite conjunction. The consensus opinion is that significant funded future effort needs to address and improve measurements and modeling of the thermospheric neutral density and composition under different solar and geomagnetic conditions.
Spontaneous formation of helical structures from phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates (1992)

Phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates containing two myristoyl groups and a nucleotidyl group, collectively designated as dimyristoyl-5'-phosphatidylnucleosides, were enzymatically synthesized and their self-organization, morphology, and physicochemical properties investigated. The dimyristoyl-5'-phosphatidylnucleosides spontaneously assembled to form various types of helical strands. Neutral and alkaline solutions of dimyristoyl-5'-phosphatidyladenosine (DMPA) produced multihelical strands. The multihelical strand consisted of several single helical strands of approximately 50 A in diameter and helical pitch approximately 100 A. DMPA produced cigar-like scrolls (tubular structures) in acidic solution, which consisted of many double-helical strands aligned parallel to each other. Diacyl-5'-phosphatidyladenosine with a shorter chain length as long as an alkyl group, dilauroyl-5'-phosphatidyladenosine (DLPA), didecanoyl-5'-phosphatidyladenosine (DDPA), and dioctanoyl-5'-phosphatidyladenosine (DOPA) formed extended tape structures having double-helical strands aligned parallel. Dimyristoyl-5'-phosphatidylcytidine (DMPC) produced network structures at an early stage, which were slowly transformed into multihelical strands. The multihelical strands contained some single-helical strands of approximately 55 A in diameter and helical pitch approximately 150 A. DMPA produced no definite helical structure in acidic solution but rather large lamellar structures. Dimyristoyl-5'-phosphatidyluridine (DMPU) produced crystalline platelet structures of approximately 1000 A in width in both alkaline and acidic solution. A 1:1 mixture of DMPA and DMPU formed a new hybrid helical strand having a wide and thick ribbon structure of approximately 300 A in diameter and helical pitch approximately 2000 A. The formation of different helical strands and effects of chain lengths of alkyl groups and a nucleotidyl group in phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates on that of helical strands in aqueous solution are discussed.
Regioselective Olefin Insertion in Asymmetric Heck Reaction. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of a Versatile Intermediate for Diterpene Syntheses (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTRegioselective Olefin Insertion in Asymmetric Heck Reaction. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of a Versatile Intermediate for Diterpene SynthesesKazuhiro Kondo, Mikiko Sodeoka, and Masakatsu ShibasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4, 1554Publication Date (Web):February 23, 1996Publication History Published online23 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo954033mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo954033mcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Glucose Mediated Fluconazole Tolerance in Cryptococcus neoformans (2021)

Chronic meningoencephalitis is caused by <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> and is treated in many parts of the world with fluconazole (FLC) monotherapy, which is associated with treatment failure and poor outcome. In the host, <i>C. neoformans</i> propagates predominantly under low glucose growth conditions. We investigated whether low glucose, mimicked by growing in synthetic media (SM) with 0.05% glucose (SM<sup>lowglu</sup>), affects FLC-resistance. A > 4-fold increase in FLC tolerance was observed in seven <i>C. neoformans</i> strains when minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in SM<sup>lowglu</sup> compared to MIC in SM with normal (2%) glucose (SM<sup>nlglu</sup>). In SM<sup>lowglu</sup>, <i>C. neoformans</i> cells exhibited upregulation of efflux pump genes <i>AFR1</i> (8.7-fold) and <i>AFR2</i> (2.5-fold), as well as decreased accumulation (2.6-fold) of Nile Red, an efflux pump substrate. Elevated intracellular ATP levels (3.2-fold and 3.4-fold), as well as decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (12.8-fold and 17-fold), were found in the presence and absence of FLC, indicating that low glucose altered mitochondrial function. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that mitochondria of <i>C. neoformans</i> grown in SM<sup>lowglu</sup> were fragmented, whereas normal glucose promoted a reticular network of mitochondria. Although mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was not markedly affected in SM<sup>lowglu</sup>, it significantly decreased in the presence of FLC (12.5-fold) in SM<sup>nlglu</sup>, but remained stable in SM<sup>lowglu</sup>-growing <i>C. neoformans</i> cells. Our data demonstrate that increased FLC tolerance in low glucose-growing <i>C. neoformans</i> is the result of increased efflux pump activities and altered mitochondrial function, which is more preserved in SM<sup>lowglu</sup>. This mechanism of resistance is different from FLC heteroresistance, which is associated with aneuploidy of chromosome 1 (Chr1).
Dolore al petto e trauma toracico: casi clinici e revisione della letteratura (2015)

Patients complaining of chest pain after a traumatic event represent a diagnostic challenge for the cardiologist. These patients can definitely escape from common diagnostic tests (particularly ECG and markers of myocardial lysis) that may guide the cardiologist, mostly because symptoms are attributed to the trauma itself. On the other hand, if blunt cardiac injury is suspected (involving coronary arteries, aorta, pulmonary trunk, pericardium, myocardium or valves), the selection of the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic tools (i.e. antithrombotic therapy) should also consider trauma involvement of other organs. We here describe two emblematic cases as examples of the challenges that diagnosis and treatment of cardiac injury can bring.
Detecting Sabotage Attacks in Additive Manufacturing Using Actuator Power Signatures (2019)

Additive manufacturing (AM), a.k.a. 3D printing is increasingly used to manufacture functional parts of safety-critical systems. The AM's dependence on computerization raises the concern that the AM process can be tampered with, and a part's mechanical properties sabotaged. To address this threat, we propose a novel approach for detecting sabotage attacks based on trusted monitoring of the current delivered to each printer motor. The proposed approach offers numerous advantages: 1) it is non-invasive in a time-critical process, 2) it can be retrofitted in legacy systems, and 3) it can be air-gapped from the computerized components of the AM process, making simultaneous compromise more difficult. We evaluated the approach on five categories of toolpath command-level manipulations that impact the geometry of the 3D printed object. Our evaluation showed that all but one tested category of attacks can be reliably detected, even if a single toolpath command is modified.
War trauma, psycho‐social projects and social development in Croatia (1996)

This article looks at the ways in which concepts of 'war trauma' and 'post-traumatic stress disorder' are being used within 'psycho-social projects' in Croatia, in the context of the wars of the Yugoslav succession and consequent large-scale forced migration. Psycho-social discourses are addressed critically, both in terms of their internal consistency and problems relating to the wider social and political context. The authors suggest the importance of 'social development projects' as an alternative to those projects which rely on narrow psycho-social interventions.