gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory Circuits Underlying Locomotor Networks in the Rat Spinal Cord (2006)

The mammalian thoracolumbar spinal cord contains all the necessary elements to generate a rhythmic oscillatory activity that is transformed into locomotor commands to agonist and antagonist limb muscles to produce gait at various speed. This motor program is produced by interneurons in the ventral horn and can be readily recorded even with in vitro spinal cord preparations isolated from rats or mice (once dorsal afferents are stimulated or excitatory neuronchemicals applied). The locomotor program is continuously modulated and refined by afferent sensory inputs and by signals descending from brain centers. Nevertheless, this program is not the only type of rhythmic discharge produced by spinal networks. In fact, activation of metabotropic group I glutamate receptors or block of certain K+ currents by 4-aminopyridine generates non-locomotor discharges, and, at the same time, facilitates evoked locomotor activity, which then suppresses any other interfering rhythmicity. These findings suggest that accessory networks, activated by suitable stimuli, might be exploited to restore locomotor activity damaged by a lesion, an obvious goal for neuro-rehabilitation purposes. The structure of the locomotor networks appears to include a rhythm-generating circuit that drives a pattern formation circuit, commanding motoneurons to discharge appropriate signals to skeletal muscles. Studies with the K+-channel blocker tetraethylammonium have indicated that this hierarchical arrangement is preserved in vitro. Hence, isolated spinal cord preparations represent an interesting experimental tool to investigate new mechanisms to upregulate various components of locomotor networks, especially after the induction of experimental lesions.
Ascertaining relevant changes in visual data by interfacing AI reasoning and low-level visual information via temporally stable image segments data (2008)

Presentado a la International Conference on Cognitive Systems celebrada en Karlsruhe (Alemania) del 2 al 4 de abril de 2008.
Correction: Sunlight absorption in water – efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices (2016)

Correction for ‘Sunlight absorption in water – efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices’ by H. Döscher <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Energy Environ. Sci.</italic>, 2014, <bold>7</bold>, 2951–2956.
Reducing the Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Liver Allograft Recipients (2007)

Liver allograft recipients are at increased risk of death from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. We propose the following strategy of risk-reduction, based on currently available literature. Lifestyle: standard advice should be given (avoidance of smoking, excess alcohol and obesity, adequate exercise, reduction of excess sodium intake). Hypertension: target blood pressure should be 140/90 mmHg or lower, but for those with diabetes or renal disease, 130/80 mmHg or lower. For patients without proteinuria, antihypertensive therapy should be initiated with a calcium channel blocker and for those with proteinuria, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker. If monotherapy fails to achieve adequate response, calcium channel blockers and ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers should be combined. If hypertension remains uncontrolled, an alpha-blocker may be added. Consideration should be given to changing immunosuppression and avoiding use of calcineurin inhibitors. Diabetes: recipients should be regularly screened for diabetes. For patients with new-onset diabetes after transplant, stepwise therapy should be guided by HbA1c concentrations, as with type II diabetes mellitus. Hyperlipidemia: annual screening of lipid profile should be undertaken, with treatment thresholds and targets based on those advocated for the high risk general population. Dietary intervention is appropriate for all patients. A statin should be considered as the first line treatment to achieve specified targets. In patients receiving a calcineurin inhibitor, Pravastatin should be commenced at a dose of 10 mg/day. In patients receiving other forms of immunosuppression, pravastatin may be commenced at a dose of 20 mg/day. Liver tests should be monitored and patients warned to report myalgia. If monotherapy is inadequate, ezetimibe or a fibrate may be added. Consideration may be given to change in immunosuppression if combination lipid-lowering therapy proves inadequate.
Associating Drugs, Targets and Clinical Outcomes into an Integrated Network Affords a New Platform for Computer‐Aided Drug Repurposing (2011)

Finding new uses for old drugs is a strategy embraced by the pharmaceutical industry, with increasing participation from the academic sector. Drug repurposing efforts focus on identifying novel modes of action, but not in a systematic manner. With intensive data mining and curation, we aim to apply bio- and cheminformatics tools using the DRUGS database, containing 3,837 unique small molecules annotated on 1,750 proteins. These are likely to serve as drug targets and antitargets (i.e., associated with side effects, SE). The academic community, the pharmaceutical sector and clinicians alike could benefit from an integrated, semantic-web compliant computer-aided drug repurposing (CADR) effort, one that would enable deep data mining of associations between approved drugs (D), targets (T), clinical outcomes (CO) and SE. We report preliminary results from text mining and multivariate statistics, based on 7,684 approved drug labels, ADL (Dailymed) via text mining. From the ADL corresponding to 988 unique drugs, the "adverse reactions" section was mapped onto 174 SE, then clustered via principal component analysis into a 5x5 self-organizing map that was integrated into a Cytoscape network of SE-D-T-CO. This type of data can be used to streamline drug repurposing and may result in novel insights that can lead to the identification of novel drug actions.
Modular Interoperability in Surgical Robotics Software (2015)

This article reviews on modular interoperability of the software that is used for these types of systems. One key point is that while hierarchical multi-rate control may be suitable for the master and slave robots, there is also a requirement to handle the video and ultrasound images. This article presented an overview of surgical robot systems, with the recognition that these systems are not just robots, but integrated systems that include robots, databases, and real-time sensors such as video and other medical imaging devices. Common research platforms, such as the da Vinci Research Kit and Raven II, have recently become available. This has underscored the need for modular software interoperability, so that researchers can share software modules and more easily integrate other robots and devices. Standardization and interoperability are most applicable at the higher software layers, and can benefit from the availability of widely-adopted middleware such as ROS. Other interface protocols, such as OpenIGTLink, can be useful due to their wide support within the medical imaging and image-guided intervention domains.
Axotomy Upregulates the Anterograde Transport and Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by Sensory Neurons (1998)

In addition to the known retrograde transport of neurotrophins, it is now evident that endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is transported in the anterograde direction in peripheral and central neurons. We used a double-ligation procedure that distinguishes between anterograde and retrograde flow to quantify the anterograde transport of endogenous neurotrophins and neuropeptides in the peripheral nervous system before and after axotomy. BDNF accumulation proximal to the ligation (anterograde transport) was twice that distal to the ligation (retrograde direction). Anterograde transport of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 was not evident. Furthermore, BDNF anterograde transport increased 3.5-fold within 24 hr after sciatic nerve injury or dorsal rhizotomy. Anterograde transport of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide decreased after peripheral nerve lesion, demonstrating that there was no generalized increase in anterograde transport. To determine the source of the anterogradely transported BDNF, we performed in situ hybridization in a variety of tissues before and after axotomy. Expression of BDNF mRNA in proximal nerve segments did not change with treatment, showing that the increased accumulation of BDNF was not a result of increased local synthesis. BDNF mRNA and protein were expressed by dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons but not by motor neurons. BDNF mRNA expression was increased 1 d after nerve injury, and BDNF protein was also increased twofold to threefold, suggesting that sensory neurons are the major contributing source of the increased BDNF traffic in the sciatic nerve. Our results suggest that increased anterogradely transported BDNF plays a role in the early neuronal response to peripheral nerve injury at sites distal to the cell body.
Impact of insulin deprivation and treatment on sphingolipid distribution in different muscle subcellular compartments of streptozotocin-diabetic C57Bl/6 mice (2013)

Insulin deprivation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) individuals increases lipolysis and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentration, which can stimulate synthesis of intramyocellular bioactive lipids such as ceramides (Cer) and long-chain fatty acid-CoAs (LCFa-CoAs). Ceramide was shown to decrease muscle insulin sensitivity, and at mitochondrial levels it stimulates reactive oxygen species production. Here, we show that insulin deprivation in streptozotocin diabetic C57BL/6 mice increases quadriceps muscle Cer content, which was correlated with a concomitant decrease in the body fat and increased plasma FFA, glycosylated hemoglobin level (%Hb A1c), and muscular LCFa-CoA content. The alternations were accompanied by an increase in protein expression in LCFa-CoA and Cer synthesis (FATP1/ACSVL5, CerS1, CerS5), a decrease in the expression of genes implicated in muscle insulin sensitivity (GLUT4, GYS1), and inhibition of insulin signaling cascade by Aktα and GYS3β phosphorylation under acute insulin stimulation. Both the content and composition of sarcoplasmic fraction sphingolipids were most affected by insulin deprivation, whereas mitochondrial fraction sphingolipids remained stable. The observed effects of insulin deprivation were reversed, except for content and composition of LCFa-CoA, CerS protein expression, GYS1 gene expression, and phosphorylation status of Akt and GYS3β when exogenous insulin was provided by subcutaneous insulin implants. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed close relationships between the features of the diabetic phenotype, the content of LCFa-CoAs and Cers containing C18-fatty acids in sarcoplasm, but not in mitochondria. Insulin replacement did not completely rescue the phenotype, especially regarding the content of LCFa-CoA, or proteins implicated in Cer synthesis and muscle insulin sensitivity. These persistent changes might contribute to muscle insulin resistance observed in T1D individuals.
1187 What Types Of Organizations Provide Sleep-focused Workplace Health Promotion Programs For Their Employees? An Analysis Of The 2017 CDC Workplace Health In America Survey (2020)

Abstract Introduction There has been a rise in workplace health promotion programs (WHPP)’s in the U.S., designed to improve a variety of employee health behaviors such as exercise and nutrition. Yet, relatively few focus on the third pillar of health: Sleep. Methods The CDC collected data from a nationally-representative cohort of companies in 2017. Participants in this Workplace Health in America study completed online surveys reporting the type of WHPP offerings at their worksite and characteristics of their worksite, including occupational field (e.g., agriculture, management, wholesale/retail), workforce size (i.e., small: &amp;lt;100; moderate: 100-499; and large: 500+) and company type (e.g., non-profit, profit-private, profit-public, government). We identified factors associated with an increased likelihood of sleep-focused WHPP using logistic regression adjusted for company size and type. Analyses were weighted for nationally-representative estimates. Results Of the N=2,843 companies that provided information, N=261 (11.74%) reported having a sleep program. Worksites with large workforces (OR=4.8, p&amp;lt;0.0005), for-profit public companies (OR=9.0, p&amp;lt;0.0005), in wholesale/retail (OR=3.8, p&amp;lt;0.0005), and those with employer-subsidized full health insurance (OR=12.7, p&amp;lt;0.0005) were more likely to have a sleep-focused WHPP. Other predictors included more long-standing WHPP programs (6 years, OR=4.4, p&amp;lt;0.0005), the presence of employee health in the company’s mission (OR=4.5, p&amp;lt;0.0005), leadership buy-in (OR=3.5, p=0.007), and an annual health promotion budget &amp;gt;$50,000 (OR=11.3, p&amp;lt;0.0005). Conclusion In general, workplaces with higher budgets, more well-established health promotion programs, and a mission to promote workplace health are more likely to include a sleep program. Also, publicly-traded companies and government were more likely than private companies to have a sleep program. Future research may consider defining barriers among small business and non-profit organizations for implementing sleep-focused workplace health programs. Support T32HL007901
Size dependences of magnetic properties and switching behavior in FePtL10nanoparticles (2003)

We have prepared epitaxial FePt ${L1}_{0}$ (001) nanoparticles covered with Ag and Pt overlayers and investigated their magnetic behaviors by means of anomalous Hall resistance measurements. The particle shapes are thin oblate spheroids with the aspect ratio (height/diameter) of 1/5. The size is ranging from 1 to 2.5 nm in height and from 5 to 30 nm in diameter. FePt ${L1}_{0}$ nanoparticles show extremely large coercivity ${H}_{c}$ of about 70 kOe at 10 K, which is close to the anisotropy field ${H}_{k}$ of highly ordered FePt ${L1}_{0}.$ This verifies that the very strong magnetic anisotropy ${K}_{u}$ of FePt ${L1}_{0}$ remains even in the size of several atomic layers along the c axis. For a particle diameter of ${D}_{m}&lt;20\mathrm{nm},$ all the magnetic properties, such as the angular dependence of irreversible switching field, the magnitude of ${H}_{c},$ and their temperature dependence, are fully explained by the coherent rotation model, taking the thermal relaxation into account. Although both Ag- and Pt-coated particles follow the coherent rotation model, the latter always exhibits smaller ${H}_{c}$ than the former. Such a decrease in ${H}_{c}$ can be explained by assuming an enhancement of the effective magnetic moment caused by ferromagnetic polarization of Pt atoms at the Pt/FePt interface. As the particle size ${D}_{m}$ exceeds 20 nm, the magnetic behaviors deviate from the ideal coherent rotation model, suggesting that the magnetization reversal mode changes from coherent to incoherent rotation. The critical diameter ${D}_{m}\ensuremath{\sim}20\mathrm{nm}$ at which the reversal mode changes is in good agreement with the critical diameter predicted by the micromagnetic theory.
A Modular Cascaded Approach to Complete Parsing (2009)

In this paper, we propose a modular cascaded approach to data driven dependency parsing. Each module or layer leading to the complete parse produces a linguistically valid partial parse. We do this by introducing an artificial root node in the dependency structure of a sentence and by catering to distinct dependency label sets that reflect the function of the set internal labels vis-a¿-vis a distinct and identifiable linguistic unit, at different layers. The linguistic unit in our approach is a clause. Output (partial parse) from each layer can be accessed independently. We applied this approach to Hindi, a morphologically rich free word order language using MST parser. We did all our experiments on a part of Hyderabad Dependency Treebank. The final results show an increase of 1.35% in unlabeled attachment and 1.36% in labeled attachment accuracies over state-of-the-art data driven Hindi parser.
Diethyl 6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-1,7-dicarboxylate (2008)

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(21)H(22)N(2)O(4), the 1,7-diethyl ester analogue of Tröger's base, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 93.16 (3)°; the mol-ecule is C(2) symmetric.
Familial Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is Genetically Distinct from Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (1999)

Familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (fPTC) is an inherited tumor syndrome characterized by isolated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in affected subjects. Its etiology is unknown. Large multigeneration families with PTC are very rare, and therefore, modern genetic linkage studies have not been applied extensively to this disorder. Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is an inherited tumor syndrome enriched in PTC. FAP is caused by germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that is located in the 5q21 region. It is not known if fPTC is a phenotypic variant of FAP, or if it is a genetically distinct disorder. We report a large 3-generation fPTC kindred and use linkage analysis to test the hypothesis that fPTC and FAP are genetically distinct. In this kindred there are 25 living informative subjects; 5 have PTC, and 1 is an obligate carrier. Inheritance is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. There is vertical transmission, multifocal disease, an average age of onset of 36 years, and 1 subject has colon cancer. The probability is approximately 1 in 2 billion against the clustering of 5 sporadic PTC cases in this kindred. To test for linkage to the APC gene we used 2 highly polymorphic markers, D5S656 and D5S421, which are located within a maximum distance of 1.7 megabase (Mb) of the APC gene and within an estimated genetic region of less than 1 centimorgan (cM) from each other. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification 18 family members were genotyped. Construction and inspection of haplotypes showed that the affected subjects do not share the same allelic composition. Using a penetrance ratio of 75%, linkage was excluded at 2 cM and 3 cM on both sides of D5S656 and D5S421, respectively. The combined haplotype of these 2 markers provided an exclusion region of 4 cM. We conclude that fPTC is genetically distinct from FAP.
Development of a Phase Transfer Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis for an Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective Agonist (2007)

A practical asymmetric synthesis of the estrogen receptor beta selective agonist (7β-9aβ)-1,4-dichloro-2-hydroxygibba-1(10a),2,4,4b-tetraen-6-one (1), proceeding by way of six isolated intermediates and without recourse to chromatography, is described. Highlights of the process route developed are two chemoselective chlorinations, a lithiated hydrazone alkylation and an asymmetric Michael addition of indanone 11 to methyl vinyl ketone (using 15 mol % of cinchonine-derived catalyst 20g) to set the all-carbon quaternary asymmetric stereocenter. The challenges addressed in scaling the latter heterogeneous biphasic phase transfer reaction to 44 mol (14 kg) scale are discussed in detail. Overall, the chemistry developed has been used to prepare >6 kg of drug candidate 1 in 18% overall yield and with >99% ee.
Short communication: Genetic correlation of bovine leukosis incidence with somatic cell score and milk yield in a US Holstein population (2016)

Bovine leukosis (BL) is a retroviral disease caused by the bovine leukosis virus (BLV), which affects only cattle. Dairy cows positive for BL produce less milk and have more days open than cows negative for BL. In addition, the virus also affects the immune system and causes weaker response to vaccines. Heritability estimates of BL incidence have been reported for Jersey and Holstein populations at about 0.08, indicating an important genetic component that can potentially be exploited to reduce the prevalence of the disease. However, before BL is used in selection programs, it is important to study its genetic associations with other economically important traits such that correlated responses to selection can be predicted. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the genetic correlations of BL with milk yield (MY) and with somatic cell score (SCS). Data of a commercial assay (ELISA) used to detect BLV antibodies in milk samples were obtained from Antel BioSystems (Lansing, MI). The data included continuous milk ELISA scores and binary milk ELISA results for 11,554 cows from 112 dairy herds across 16 US states. Continuous and binary milk ELISA were analyzed with linear and threshold models, respectively, together with MY and SCS using multitrait animal models. Genetic correlations (posterior means ± standard deviations) between BL incidence and MY were 0.17 ± 0.077 and 0.14 ± 0.076 using ELISA scores and results, respectively; with SCS, such estimates were 0.20 ± 0.081 and 0.17 ± 0.079, respectively. In summary, the results indicate that selection for higher MY may lead to increased BLV prevalence in dairy herds, but that the inclusion of BL (or SCS as an indicator trait) in selection indexes may help attenuate this problem.
The effect of latency on bone lengthening force and bone mineralization: an investigation using strain gauge mounted on internal distractor device (2006)

the latency periods could affect the bone lengthening tension and the bone mineralization process.
Enantioselective Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions: Synthesis ofN-Acyl-α-Amino Acid Esters (2001)

Glycinradikale gehen aus der 1,4-Addition von Radikalen an Dehydroalaninderivate hervor, die durch chirale Lewis-Säuren (L*) komplexiert werden. Nach anschließendem enantioselektivem Wasserstofftransfer werden α-Aminosäuren mit ee-Werten zwischen 27 und 85 % erhalten (siehe Schema).
Ethylbenzene dealkylation and realkylation over pore size regulated MFI zeolite (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthylbenzene dealkylation and realkylation over pore size regulated MFI zeoliteJagannath Das, Yajnavalkya S. Bhat, and Anand B. HalgeriCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 11, 2525–2529Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00023a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts