gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Metabolism in Mammals, Mammalian Enzymes Involved in the Degradation of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsecticide Metabolism in Mammals, Mammalian Enzymes Involved in the Degradation of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl PhosphateErnest Hodgson and J. E. CasidaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1962, 10, 3, 208–214Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60121a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60121a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Click Chemistry Approach to Pleuromutilin Conjugates with Nucleosides or Acyclic Nucleoside Derivatives and Their Binding to the Bacterial Ribosome (2008)

Pleuromutilin and its derivatives are antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to ribosomes. To promote rational design of pleuromutilin based drugs, 19 pleuromutilin conjugates with different nucleoside fragments as side chain extensions were synthesized by a click chemistry protocol. Binding was assessed by chemical footprinting of nucleotide U2506 in 23S rRNA, and all conjugates bind to varying degree reflecting their binding affinity to the peptidyl transferase center. The side chain extensions also show various protections at position U2585. Docking studies of the conjugates with the highest affinities support the conclusion that despite the various conjugations, the pleuomutilin skeleton binds in the same binding pocket. The conjugated triazole moiety is well accommodated, and the nucleobases are placed in different pockets in the 50S ribosomal subunit. The derivative showing the highest affinity and a significantly better binding than pleuromutilin itself contains an adenine-9-ylpropylene triazole conjugate to pleuromutilin C-22.
Measuring wave direction using upward-looking Doppler sonar (1990)

Numerically simulated wave data are used to estimate the performance characteristics of conventional, upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for measuring wave direction. Results from a field deployment in shallow water are presented. Measurement principles are discussed. The overall conclusion is that bottom-mounted ADCPs in depths of up to 100 m are likely to be capable of resolving direction for the energy-containing waves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Figure S6 from Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10) Promotes Growth, Invasion, and Survival of Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PEG10 knockdown attenuates in vivo tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
Human Diacylglycerol Kinase ε N-Terminal Segment Regulates the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle, Controlling the Rate but Not the Acyl Chain Composition of Its Lipid Intermediates (2022)

Diacylglycerol kinase ε (DGKε), an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle, bears a highly conserved hydrophobic N-terminal segment, which was proposed to anchor the enzyme into the membrane. However, the importance of this segment to the DGKε function remains to be determined. To address this question, it is here reported an in silico and in vitro combined research strategy. Capitalizing on the AlphaFold 2.0 predicted structure of human DGKε, it is shown that its hydrophobic N-terminal segment anchors it into the membrane via a transmembrane α-helix. Coarse-grained based elastic network model studies showed that a conformational change in the hydrophobic N-terminal segment determines the proximity between the active site of DGKε and the membrane-water interface, likely regulating its kinase activity. In vitro studies with a purified DGKε construct lacking the hydrophobic N-terminal segment (His-SUMO*-Δ<sup>50</sup>-DGKε) corroborated the role of the N-terminus in regulating DGKε enzymatic properties. The comparison between the enzymatic properties of DGKε and His-SUMO*-Δ<sup>50</sup>-DGKε showed that the conserved N-terminal segment markedly inhibits the enzyme activity and its sensitivity to membrane intrinsic negative curvature, while also playing a role in the modulation of the enzyme by phosphatidylserine. On the other hand, this segment did not strongly affect its diacylglycerol acyl chain specificity, the modulation of the enzyme by membrane morphological changes, or the activation by phosphatidic acid-rich lipid domains. Hence, these results suggest that the conservation of the hydrophobic N-terminal segment of DGKε throughout evolution guaranteed not only membrane anchorage but also an efficient and elegant manner to regulate the rate of the PI cycle.
Skew-free parallel optical transmission systems (1998)

This paper proposes two kinds of parallel line codes based on multiplexing and nonmultiplexing, and a method of automatic skew suppression based on bit synchronization and frame synchronization. This achieves parallel high-speed optical transmission to overcome bottlenecks in parallel electronic transmission and to increase the distance of high-throughput interconnections. We have developed GaAs coder/decoder large-scale integrations (LSIs) for the coding algorithm and skew suppression, and analog LSIs for compact, low-power, highspeed parallel optical links. Experimental results show that our proposed parallel transmission methods and fabricated LSIs can play a key role in realizing high-speed, long-distance parallel transmission and in reducing the size and power consumption of high-throughput parallel optical links.
Mothers Performing In-Home Measurement of Milk Intake During Breastfeeding of their Preterm Infants: Maternal Reactions and Feeding Outcomes (2004)

This study compares feeding outcomes and perceptions of mothers using in-home test weights and those who did not use test weights to manage breastfeeding of their preterm infants during the first month after hospital discharge. There were no significant differences in daily weight gain between the 2 groups during the study period. Maternal concerns cited in both groups were similar, namely, knowing how much milk infant is taking, infant gaining adequate weight, and infant getting enough milk. All women in the experimental group and two-thirds in the control group reported that in-home measurement of milk intake by test-weighing had been or would have been helpful. This prospective randomized study demonstrated that mothers of premature infants who performed in-home test-weighing procedures found the technique to be helpful and experienced no increased stress or lower achievement of breastfeeding goals when compared to mothers not performing test weighs.
Operative Treatment of Humerus Nonunion after Surgery (2003)

Purpose : To analyze the cause and treatment method of humerus nonunions which were initially treated by operation. The causes of nonunion were analyzed according to the initial treatment method. We report upon treatment options. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 15 cases of humerus nonunion, which were initially treated surgically (7 cases of dynamic compression plate, 4 of Ender nail, 3 of interlocking intramedullary nail, 1 of K-wire) from January 1992 to January 2001. Results : The causes of nonunion were determined to be as follows ; inadequate internal fixation or technical failure (9 cases), postoperatively applied improper external immobilization (5 cases), inadequate choice of implant (1 case). We treated the nonunion as follows; dynamic compression plate and bone graft in 11 cases, intramedullary nailing with small plate augumentation and bone graft in two, maintenance of initial nail with small plate augumentation and bone graft in two. All cases had bone union at an average of 15.9 weeks without complications, such as osteomyelitis, radial nerve palsy, or joint stiffness. Conclusion : Plate fixation is considered to be superior to intramedullary fixation in the treatment of nonunion. However, cases that received interlocking intramedullary nailing can be treated easily with small plate augumentation and bone graft without initial nail removal.
Relationship Between Equilibrium Hydrogen Pressure and Exchange Current for the Hydrogen Electrode Reaction at MmNi[sub 3.9−x]Mn[sub 0.4]Al[sub x]Co[sub 0.7] Alloy Electrodes (2000)

We present a theoretical relationship between equilibrium hydrogen pressure and exchange current for the hydrogen electrode reaction which considers the degree of hydrogen coverage at the electrode surface. Electrochemical measurements at MmNi3.9–xMn0.4AlxCo0.7 (0 x 0.8) electrodes were performed to prove the theoretical model. The equilibrium hydrogen pressures were analyzed from electrochemical pressure-composition isotherms, and the exchange currents were determined by linear polarization measurements. Fitting the experimental data to the theoretical model indicated that the rate constants for the chargetransfer reaction as well as the charge-transfer coefficient were influenced by the partial substitution of nickel by aluminum. Also, the exchange current passed through a maximum with decreasing equilibrium hydrogen pressure, i.e., with increasing aluminum content, indicating that it is possible to design new materials which combine high electrocatalytic activity with an appropriate equilibrium hydrogen pressure. Because of its high energy density and high power density, MmNi3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7 was found to be the most appropriate composition.
The Personal Name Problem and a Data Mining Solution (2009)

Almost every person has a life-long personal name which is officially recognised and has only one correct version in their language. Each personal name typically has two components/parts: a first name (also known as given, fore, or Christian name) and a last name (also known as family name or surname). Both these name components are strongly influenced by cultural, economic, historical, political, and social backgrounds. In most cases, each of these two components can have more than a single word and the first name is usually gender-specific. (see Figure 1). There are three important practical considerations for personal name analysis: • Balance between manual checking and analytical computing. Intuitively, a small proportion of names should be manually reviewed, the result has to be reasonably accurate, and each personal name should not take too long to be processed. • Reliability of the verification data has to be examined. By keeping the name verification database’s updating process separate from incoming names, it can prevent possible data manipulation/corruption over time. However, the incompatibility of names in databases can also be caused by genuine reasons as such as cultural and historical traditions, translation and transliteration, reporting and recording variations, and typographical and phonetic errors (Borgman and Siegfried, 1992).
Estimation of total arterial compliance: an improved method and evaluation of current methods (1986)

Determination of arterial compliance in vivo has long interested physiologists. Most current methods for estimating this parameter assume that compliance is constant, i.e., that arterial pressure-volume (P-V) relations are linear, and they also assume that diastolic aortic pressure decay is an exponential function of time. Both of these assumptions, however, are questionable. This study proposes improved methods of estimating compliance based on a Windkessel model of the arterial system but which utilize the area under the pressure tracing rather than the waveform itself. Formulations accounting for both linear and three hypothetical nonlinear arterial P-V relations (exponential, logarithmic, and parabolic) are presented. Data from patients with congestive heart failure and hypertension are used for illustration. Compliances assuming linear P-V relations are reasonably close to those assuming nonlinear P-V relations only at mean aortic pressure. At end-diastolic pressure the linear assumption underestimates and at peak systolic it overestimates the compliances obtained assuming nonlinear P-V relations. The simpler linear assumption still allows a first approximation to compliance, but we show that existing methods for obtaining compliance under this assumption have severe theoretical as well as practical shortcomings. Our proposed method avoids these shortcomings primarily because deviations from an exact exponential form of the pressure wave have less influence on these compliance estimates than currently used methods.
Nanostructuring one-dimensional and amorphous lithium peroxide for high round-trip efficiency in lithium-oxygen batteries (2018)

The major challenge facing lithium-oxygen batteries is the insulating and bulk lithium peroxide discharge product, which causes sluggish decomposition and increasing overpotential during recharge. Here, we demonstrate an improved round-trip efficiency of ~80% by means of a mesoporous carbon electrode, which directs the growth of one-dimensional and amorphous lithium peroxide. Morphologically, the one-dimensional nanostructures with small volume and high surface show improved charge transport and promote delithiation (lithium ion dissolution) during recharge and thus plays a critical role in the facile decomposition of lithium peroxide. Thermodynamically, density functional calculations reveal that disordered geometric arrangements of the surface atoms in the amorphous structure lead to weaker binding of the key reaction intermediate lithium superoxide, yielding smaller oxygen reduction and evolution overpotentials compared to the crystalline surface. This study suggests a strategy to enhance the decomposition rate of lithium peroxide by exploiting the size and shape of one-dimensional nanostructured lithium peroxide.
Contributions of Jitter and Shimmer in the Voice for Fake Audio Detection (2023)

Fake audio detection (FAD) aims to identify fraudulent speech generated through advanced speech-synthesis techniques. Most current FAD methods rely solely on a deep neural network (DNN) framework with either speech waveforms or commonly used acoustic features to extract high-level representations, overlooking the analysis of prosody differences between genuine and fake speech. Prosody carries important cues about the naturalness of speech and emotional content, which can be leveraged in the detection of fake audio. This paper explicitly investigates the differences in prosody information between genuine and fake speech represented by the jitter and shimmer features. On the basis of our investigation, we found strong evidence that obvious differences exist in the level of jitter and shimmer between fake and real speech, particularly on the shimmer feature that has a large dynamic variation for fake speech. To ensure accurate estimation of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> for better jitter and shimmer feature representations, we propose using two additional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> estimation methods, YIN and SWIPE, in place of the IRAPT algorithm in the feature extraction process. Moreover, we design a DNN-FAD system by explicitly combining the shimmer and Mel-spectrogram features. The effectiveness of the proposed method for FAD is evaluated in the datasets of Audio Deep Synthesis Detection (ADD) 2022 and 2023 challenges. The experimental results show that both the static and dynamic continuous shimmer features, especially that extracted with the YIN and SWIPE algorithms, can provide complementary knowledge to the traditional spectrum-based FAD systems. The optimal results effectively reduce the equal error rate from 41.29 % to 35.77 % in the ADD2023 challenge, achieving a relative improvement of 13.37 %.
Detection of Acetylcholine in an Enzyme‐Free System Based on a GCE/V2O5 NRs/BPM Modified Sensor (2022)

Abstract In this approach, vanadium pentoxide nanorods (V 2 O 5 NRs) were prepared by utilizing a facile wet‐chemical approach (WCA) in an alkaline phase at low temperatures then applied to detect acetylcholine. Various optical techniques, such as Ultra‐Violet spectroscopy (UV‐Visible), Fourier Transform Infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Emission Microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) and X‐ray Photo‐electron Spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to analyse the V 2 O 5 NRs for structural, optical, functional, morphological and elemental analyses. Adjustment of the light weight fabrication of NRs onto Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited sensitive and selective acetylcholine sensor probe. Based on the stable current‐voltage relationship, analytical sensing parameters like sensitivity, Linear dynamic range (LDR), Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of quantification (LOQ), durability and interference measurement of the fabricated sensor (GCE/V 2 O 5 NRs/BPM) for acetylcholine detection were evaluated and reported in this paper. Here, Nafion was used as a binding polymer matrix (BPM) for the fabrication of flat GCE with V 2 O 5 NRs. Acetylcholine calibration curve was found to be linear throughout in a broad range of concentration of target acetylcholine analyte. Calibration curve was employed to calculate the sensing parameters such as sensitivity (101.27 nAμM −1 cm −2 ), LOD down to 11.58 pM, LOQ (38.60 pM) and LDR (100 pM∼100 μM) of the developed GCE/V 2 O 5 NRs/BPM sensor probe. The use of the facile WCA method for the synthesis of low‐dimensional V 2 O 5 NRs is a good strategy for developing an un‐doped nano‐material based sensor for enzyme‐free bio‐molecule recognition and detection via this electrochemical approach. The developed (GCE/V 2 O 5 NRs/BPM) sensor probe could be used to selectively detect acetylcholine in real biological samples by electrochemical method with satisfactory outcomes.
Fossil energy: From conventional oil and gas to the shale revolution (2018)

The fossil fuels have provided more than 80% of the total energy consumption for more than 100 years; although in perspective renewables are expected to be the fastest growing energy sources, it is likely that fossil fuels will dominate energy use at least through 2050. This is still due to the increased worldwide need for energy, to their superior energy intensity and reliability and to the very huge numbers that underline world exposition to fossil fuels, not easily substitutable. A few brief considerations, regarding the chain of production, transport and use of the energy carriers, make us realize that the success that oil has had as an energy source cannot be attributed only to its great availability and the relatively cheap price but also to the ease with which liquid hydrocarbon derivatives can be transported, stored and distributed for their final use. In fact, their liquid state enables their energy density per unit of volume to be optimized, and this has great advantages especially for the storage and the distribution of the carrier. This does not mean that there are not challenges and dilemmas in the exploitation of conventional reserves, such as for example the decline of great reservoirs for lacking of suitable technology and reservoir management, the increased produced water from oil reservoirs and related management and the need to cope with the issue of climate change due to the CO 2 emissions. Attention will then be paid towards unconventional resources, especially those that have lead to the “shale” revolution: the deployment of huge reserves of shale oil and gas have deeply modified the overall energy picture in the last ten years, especially in the United States. By moving towards 2040–2050, oil and gas will remain crucial energy components, maybe with some less crude-oil production but more natural gas and higher use of electricity, produced both by gas and by renewables and also pushed by the advent of electric vehicles.
Cadmium or cadmium compounds and chronic kidney disease in workers and the general population: a systematic review (2015)

This qualitative systematic review does not support the contention that human exposure to Cd leads to progressive CKD.
Rhenium(IV) Sulfide Nanotubes (2002)

Rhenium(IV) sulfide, ReS(2), has been prepared with nanotubular morphology by carbon nanotube templating. A multiwall carbon nanotube material was impregnated with solutions of NH(4)ReO(4) or ReCl(5), followed by drying and sulfidation with H(2)S at 1000 degrees C. The composite material synthesized was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Like previously described MS(2) nanotube compounds, ReS(2) has a layered structure consisting of S-M-S layers. Re atoms in ordinary ReS(2) are octahedrally coordinated with S, and tetranuclear metal clusters are present as a consequence of metal-metal bonds.
Study of a novel uniflow cyclone design (1987)

Abstract A 5 cm diameter scale‐down model of a new uniflow cyclone for the ultra‐rapid fluidized (URF) reactor with a gas residence time under 20 milliseconds has been tested at high solids loading (5/1 wt. solids/wt. gas) under cold modeling conditions. The body length, gas exit diameter and amount of gas withdrawn with the existing solids (gas underflow) were varied to obtain high separation efficiency (over 99.9%). Silica sand of 55 and 105 micrometer Sauter mean diameter was used. Grade efficiency curves were determined for several specific configurations to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms influencing the separation.
Cloning of a Temperature-Regulated Gene Encoding a Chloroplast [omega]-3 Desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)

Previous genetic evidence suggested that the fad8 and fad7 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana encode chloroplast membrane-associated omega-3 desaturases. A putative fad8 cDNA was isolated by heterologous hybridization using a gene encoding an endoplasmic reticulum-localized omega-3 desaturase (fad3) as a probe. The cDNA encodes a protein of 435 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 50,134 D. Constitutive expression of the cDNA in transgenic plants of a fad7 mutant resulted in genetic complementation of the mutation, indicating that the fad7 and fad8 gene products are functionally equivalent. Expression of the fad8 cDNA in transgenic plants often resulted in the co-suppression of both the endogenous fad7 and fad8 genes in spite of the fact that these two genes share only about 75% nucleotide identity. In contrast to all other known plant desaturases, including fad7, the steady-state level of fad8 mRNA is strongly increased in plants grown at low temperature. This suggests that the role of fad8 is to provide increased omega-3 desaturase activity in plants that are exposed to low growth temperature. The fad8-1 mutation created a premature stop codon 149 amino acids from the amino-terminal end of the fad8 open reading frame, suggesting that this mutation results in a complete loss of fad8 activity.