gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and dissection of metabolic oscillations in the microaerobic nitric oxide response network of Escherichia coli (2016)

The virulence of many pathogens depends upon their ability to cope with immune-generated nitric oxide (NO·). In Escherichia coli, the major NO· detoxification systems are Hmp, an NO· dioxygenase (NOD), and NorV, an NO· reductase (NOR). It is well established that Hmp is the dominant system under aerobic conditions, whereas NorV dominates anaerobic conditions; however, the quantitative contributions of these systems under the physiologically relevant microaerobic regime remain ill defined. Here, we investigated NO· detoxification in environments ranging from 0 to 50 μM O2, and discovered a regime in which E. coli NO· defenses were severely compromised, as well as conditions that exhibited oscillations in the concentration of NO·. Using an integrated computational and experimental approach, E. coli NO· detoxification was found to be extremely impaired at low O2 due to a combination of its inhibitory effects on NorV, Hmp, and translational activities, whereas oscillations were found to result from a kinetic competition for O2 between Hmp and respiratory cytochromes. Because at least 777 different bacterial species contain the genetic requirements of this stress response oscillator, we hypothesize that such oscillatory behavior could be a widespread phenomenon. In support of this hypothesis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whose respiratory and NO· response networks differ considerably from those of E. coli, was found to exhibit analogous oscillations in low O2 environments. This work provides insight into how bacterial NO· defenses function under the low O2 conditions that are likely to be encountered within host environments.
Two-dimensional beta-lead oxide quantum dots (2018)

In recent years, black-phosphorus-analogue (BPA) two-dimensional (2D) materials have been explored to demonstrate promising optoelectronic performances and distinguished ambient stabilities, holding great promise in practical applications. Here, one new kind of BPA material, orthorhombic β-PbO quantum dots (QDs), is successfully fabricated by a facile liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) technique. The as-prepared β-PbO QDs show a homogeneous distribution of the lateral size (3.2 ± 0.9 nm) and thickness (2.5 ± 0.5 nm), corresponding to 4 ± 1 layers. The carrier dynamics of β-PbO QDs was systematically investigated via a femtosecond resolution transient absorption approach in the visible wavelength regime and it was clarified that two decay components were resolved with a decay time of τ1 = 2.3 ± 0.3 ps and τ2 = 87.9 ± 6.0 ps, respectively, providing important insights into their potential applications in the field of ultrafast optics, nanomechanics and optoelectronics. As a proof-of-concept, β-PbO QDs were, for the first time to our knowledge, fabricated as a working electrode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC)-typed photodetector that exhibits significantly high photocurrent density and excellent stability under ambient conditions.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of IL-15 Gene of Chinese KM Mice (2012)

According to IL-15 gene sequence of Mus musculus available in GenBank database,specific primers were designed and synthesized.Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method,mature IL-15 sequence was amplified from the spleen cells of Kunming(KM) mice stimulated for 72 h by Toxoplasma gondii RH strain,then cloned into pMD18-T vector and transformed into the competent Escherichia coli JM109 for obtaining the positive clone and sequenced.Sequencing analysis revealed that the length of mature IL-15 of KM mice was 345 bp,encoding 114 amino acids.The results of sequence alignment and genetic evolution analysis showed that the KM mice mature IL-15 sequence was the closest to Norvegicus rattus,and the homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequence were 94.2% and 95.5% respectively.Sequence similarity between the KM mice mature IL-15 sequence and that of Cavia porcellus,human,primates,Oryctolagus cuniculus,dog,cat,Bos taurus,Sus scrofa etc.,and the nucleotide homology ranged between 71.2% to 78.8%,and the amino acid homology was 69.5% to 74.7%.The successful cloning of KM mouse IL-15 gene provided foundation for further studies of its functions and immune stimulating effects.
Lipoprotein(a): ein vergessener Risikofaktor? (2009)

Lipoprotein(a) is a complex of LDL (low density lipoproteins) and apolipoprotein (a). In several meta-analyses it has been shown that lipoprotein(a) is a strong and independent risk factor of coronary artery disease, the prognostic importance of which increases at elevated global risk or in pre-existing coronary heart disease. Furthermore elevated serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a) may predict stroke, retinal vascular occlusion and venous thromboembolism. Lipoprotein(a) should be mainly measured in patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk according to conventional risk factors (PROCAM, SCORE, Framingham). Lowering high lipoprotein(a) is not straight forward, probably the most effective drug is nicotinic acid. Therefore, in the case of elevated lipoprotein(a) the therapeutic focus should be a more intensive treatment of the classical, modifyable risk factors (e. g. LDL cholesterin, blood pressure).
Erratum: Theoretical model of laser ionization of alkali vapors based on resonance saturation (1981)

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Severe Thrombocytopenia Associated With Black Seed Oil and Evening Primrose Oil (2020)

We report the case of a 69-year-old female with stage IIIB endometrial adenocarcinoma who developed an acute thrombocytopenia with greater than 90% decrease from her baseline value in platelets one day after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Subsequently, the patient was found to have bilateral subsegmental pulmonary emboli and a right atrial thrombus. The thrombocytopenia reached a nadir of 31,000/mL<sup>3</sup> from a baseline of 410,000/mL<sup>3</sup> and resolved without intervention. Prior to the surgery, the patient was taking black seed oil, which is commonly used for its anti-carcinogenic effects, and evening primrose oil daily for approximately one month. A literature review revealed that black seed oil contains thymoquinone, which is a compound related to quinine. Evening primrose oil is also known to reduce platelet aggregation and has anti-thrombotic properties. We believe the patient's thrombocytopenia was caused by a consumptive coagulopathy due to the formation of multiple thrombi and exacerbated by the use of herbal supplements, namely black seed and evening primrose oil.
Electrically Tunable Metasurface Perfect Absorbers for Ultrathin Mid-Infrared Optical Modulators (2014)

Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces open up unprecedented opportunities in applications such as high capacity communications, dynamic beam shaping, hyperspectral imaging, and adaptive optics. The realization of high performance metasurface-based devices remains a great challenge due to very limited tuning ranges and modulation depths. Here we show that a widely tunable metasurface composed of optical antennas on graphene can be incorporated into a subwavelength-thick optical cavity to create an electrically tunable perfect absorber. By switching the absorber in and out of the critical coupling condition via the gate voltage applied on graphene, a modulation depth of up to 100% can be achieved. In particular, we demonstrated ultrathin (thickness < λ0/10) high speed (up to 20 GHz) optical modulators over a broad wavelength range (5-7 μm). The operating wavelength can be scaled from the near-infrared to the terahertz by simply tailoring the metasurface and cavity dimensions.
A software trigger based synchronization for multipurpose distributed acquisition systems (2020)

Synchronization is one of the key aspects and a requirement for modern day technologies. It's a requirement for almost every sector including power, health, retail, navigation, banking. Synchronization is also important when using distributed acquisition systems. Synchronous acquisition is strictly needed in applications like Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and wide area sensor networks. Since the data from the sensors are all collectively processed by a central unit, it is important that the data from all sensors is synchronized. Therefore, the concept of synchronized sampling when using distributed acquisition systems forms an interesting research area. There have been numerous research papers discussing different methods to do this. But, in most of them, the available technology is specific to a particular application. This paper shows an initial attempt to present a solution with a PTP driven software trigger that could potentially be used for multiple applications.
Study of the single-mode injection laser (1973)

Single-mode (SM) laser radiation from a GaAs diode is obtained using a composite cavity which can be tuned to select a desired spectral mode. The properties of a laser with such a cavity are described. The kinetics of the spectra of the single-mode strip double-heterostructure laser is investigated with a high time resolution (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> s) spectrometer apparatus. At sufficiently high currents above threshold a transition from SM to multimode operation occurs with breaks in the stable SM oscillation. Such an event is accompanied by a frequency self-modulation of the oscillation with a self-induced intensity pulsation at the same microwave frequency. Multimode oscillation appears simultaneously with the pulsation of the radiation, and the SM output power is limited due to such pulsations.
Increased Group-Delay Slope Loop System for Enhanced-Resolution Analog Signal Processing (2011)

A novel increased group-delay slope loop scheme is proposed to enhance the time-frequency resolution of dispersive delay structure (DDS) components for microwave analog signal processing systems. In this scheme, the signal at the output of the DDS is regenerated by an amplifier and reinjected via a nondispersive delay line toward its input along a loop. At each pass across the DDS, the effective group-delay slope of the system is increased so that, after <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> turns along the loop, the time-frequency resolution has been enhanced by a factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> . This approach provides a solution to the unpractical approach of cascading <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> DDS units, which would lead to excessively large device footprint, unacceptably high insertion loss, and severe signal-to-noise reduction. The proposed scheme is implemented in a proof-of-concept circuit using a C-section all-pass network DDS and demonstrated experimentally in a frequency meter and in a frequency discriminator. Possible improvements for higher performance are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Intramolecular (2π + 2σ)Cycloadditions of Methylenecyclopropanes. (1990)

Abstract The homoallylic tetrahydropyranyl ethers (I) are cyclopropanated with methyl(chloro)carbene, subsequently dehydrochlorinated, and O‐deprotected to produce the hydroxyethyl(methylene)cyclopropanes (III).
Conceptual Approaches to Switching in Future Military Networks (1980)

This paper presents conceptual approaches to the synthesis of switching functions in future military networks. The special requirements of military communications are shown to favor the implementation of integrated networks which provide all services (voice, data, imagery) within a single unified network structure. Transparent and transactional methods are defined as contrasting approaches to the realization of the required switching functions. The conceptual approaches to switching in future military networks are presented in the context of cultural differences which appear to exist between the differing perceptions of the adherents of circuit switching and packet switching. Special consideration is devoted to the issue of software engineering and the impact of current trends in DoD procurement policy.
Model-based estimation of surface geometry using passive polarimetric imaging (2010)

Imaging polarimetry has emerged as a powerful tool for application in the field of remote sensing. In this paper, we present a novel technique for estimating the surface normal angle of each of the individual facets of a target object using passive polarimetric data. The passive polarimetric imaging system described here uses multiple measurements of the output Stokes vectors along with the reflection Mueller matrix, to extract the surface normal angle corresponding to individual facets of the target object. The knowledge of this parameter is indispensable for determining the orientation and surface geometry of the target object and thus facilitates applications like object recognition, shape extraction and building scene geometry. The worst-case error is found to be less than 2%, based on Monte Carlo computer simulation results.
Flat-panel display challenges (2005)

While there is a large and growing market for displays currently being manufactured, a substantially greater market remains open if technological challenges can be met. These challenges include extremely low power, light weight and rugged displays for portable hand-held devices; high transmission light valves for bright large-screen projections; and efficient RGB emissive materials for large direct view displays, to name a few. The lecture will review some of the challenges and present a few solutions under study.
Retraction: Methane Emissions From the Marcellus Shale in Southwestern Pennsylvania and Northern West Virginia Based on Airborne Measurements (2018)

The article, Ren, X., et al. (2017), “Methane emissions from the Marcellus Shale in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia based on airborne measurements,” has been retracted by the authors because of an error in wind measurements used to calculate methane emissions in the southwestern Marcellus Shale region. The error was discovered by the authors in October 2017 upon their installation of an improved, differential GPS, wind measurement system onto the aircraft used in this study. The original wind measurements led to an overestimate of methane emissions from oil and natural gas operations. A reanalysis with corrected winds reduced the total estimated emissions by about a factor of 1.7, with a correspondingly larger reduction in emissions of methane attributed to oil and natural gas in the southwestern Marcellus Shale area. This is expected to reverse a conclusion of the paper, which had asserted that leakage from oil and natural gas extraction in this region results in a climate penalty compared to the use of coal. The authors are in the process of submitting a new manuscript based on an updated analysis that will describe the process to correct the erroneous wind measurements used in the original manuscript, provide a more accurate estimate of the methane emissions, and assess the implications of the fossil fuel production from the Marcellus Shale.
Concomitant magnetic‐field‐induced artifacts in axial echo planar imaging (1998)

When a linear magnetic field gradient is used, spatially higher-order magnetic fields are produced to satisfy the Maxwell equations. It has been observed that the higher-order magnetic field produced by the readout gradient causes axial echo planar images acquired with a horizontal solenoid magnet to shift along the phase-encoding direction and lose image intensities. Both the shift and intensity reduction become increasingly severe as the slice offset from the isocenter increases. These phenomena are quantitatively analyzed, and good correlation between experiments and theory has been established. The analysis also predicts a previously unreported Nyquist ghost on images with very large slice offsets. This ghost has been verified with computer simulations. Based on the analysis, several methods have been developed to eliminate the image shift, the intensity reduction, and the ghost. Selected methods have been implemented on a commercial scanner and proved effective in removing these image artifacts.
Einfluss oligomerer Harze auf Traktion und Rollwiderstand von Silica-Reiffenlaufflächen (2016)

Diese Studie behandelt die Silica-Verstärkung von Synthesekautschukmischungen für Pkw-Reifenlaufflächen mit dem Ziel, einen Einblick in die positiven Auswirkungen oligomerer, aus natürlichen und synthetischen Monomeren gewonnener Harze auf die vorrangigen Leistungsfaktoren – Rollwiderstand und Nassrutschfestigkeit ‑ von Reifen zu gewinnen. Der Aufsatz verdeutlicht die Beziehung zwischen den Auswirkungen verschiedener oligomerer Harze in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen – 2, 4 und 6 phr – auf das dynamisch-mechanische Verhalten von silicaverstärkten Mischungen für Pkw-Reifenlaufflächen. Es wurden drei Harzarten getestet: ein Polyterpenharz, ein Terpenphenolharz und ein reines vinylaromatisches Kohlenwasserstoffharz. Zusätzlich zur Prüfung der Mooney-Viskosität, der Rheologie, der Zugfestigkeit und der Härte wurde die dynamisch-mechanische Analyse (DMA) eingesetzt, um das Verhalten dieser Harze im Kautschuk zu beurteilen und die Verarbeitbarkeit der Mischungen zu charakterisieren. Die DMA zeigt, dass die Harze und Kautschukmischungen im betrachteten Konzentrationsbereich der Harze miteinander kompatibel sind. Der tan δ als Funktion der Temperatur wurde als Indikator für die Nassrutschfestigkeit und den Rollwiderstand benutzt. Die Verschiebung des tan δ-Peaks zu höherer Temperatur, die für den Glasübergang (Tg) der Kautschukphase steht, ist dem Einfluss der höheren Tg der ­Harze geschuldet und der Grund für die verbesserte Nassrutschfestigkeit. Im Maximum wurde eine Verbesserung von ca. 35 % für den Nassrutschbereich (0 – 30 °C) festgestellt. Der verbesserte tan δ bei 60 °C, indikativ für den Rollwiderstand, erklärt sich durch eine reduzierte Wechselwirkung zwischen den Füllstoffteilchen. Dies wird auch durch eine Abnahme des Payne-Effekts bestätigt. Abhängig von der Wahl des Harzes wurde im Temperaturbereich des Rollwiderstands eine maximale Verbesserung von ca. 15 % festgestellt.
“Off-the-Shelf” Nerve Matrix Preservation (2021)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Decellularized human nerves overcome the limitations of the current treatments for large peripheral nerve injuries. However, the use of decellularized nerves requires an "off-the-shelf" availability for useful and actual clinical application. In this study, we addressed the preservation of the native and decellularized human nerve matrix in an integrative approach for tissue scaffold production. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> For native nerve matrix preservation analysis, we used histological examination and immunofluorescence to examine the structure, biomechanical assays to evaluate the tensile strength and Young's modulus, and analyzed the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical assays for laminin, collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG). After decellularization, nuclear remnants and DNA content were evaluated using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and the picogreen quantification assay, as well as immunofluorescence or ELISA for cell rests (S100 protein and myelin staining) evaluation. Decellularized cryopreserved scaffolds were assayed for biomechanics, ECM composition, and structural maintenance. Cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the nerve matrix extracts after cryopreservation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We compared different strategies for native nerve storage and found that preservation up to 7 days at 4°C in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium maintained biomechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and tensile strength, along with the structure and ECM composition, regarding laminin, collagen, and sGAG. After a successful decellularization process, that eliminated cell remnants, nerve scaffolds were frozen in an "in house" formulated cryoprotectant, using an automatic controlled rate freezer. Nerve structure, ECM composition, and biomechanical properties were maintained before and after the freezing process in comparison with native nerves. The extracts of the nerve scaffolds after thawing were not cytotoxic and the freezing process sustained good viability in 3T3 cells (graphical abstract). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Since our approach facilitates transport, storage, and provide a ready-to-use alternative, it could be used in a clinical application for the treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in regenerative medicine.
Nasal Drug Delivery in Humans (2011)

Intranasal administration is an attractive option for local and systemic delivery of many therapeutic agents. The nasal mucosa is--compared to other mucosae--easily accessible. Intranasal drug administration is noninvasive, essentially painless and particularly suited for children. Application can be performed easily by patients or by physicians in emergency settings. Intranasal drug delivery offers a rapid onset of therapeutic effects (local or systemic). Nasal application circumvents gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug. The drug, the vehicle and the application device form an undividable triad. Its selection is therefore essential for the successful development of effective nasal products. This paper discusses the feasibility and potential of intranasal administration. A series of questions regarding (a) the intended use (therapeutic considerations), (b) the drug, (c) the vehicle and (d) the application device (pharmaceutical considerations) are addressed with a view to their impact on the development of products for nasal application. Current and future trends and perspectives are discussed.
Unlimited soliton propagation and noise suppression in a system with spectral filtering and saturable absorption (1994)

We show that soliton propagation is ultimately stable to both amplitude and frequency noise in a system employing spectral filtering and saturable absorption. In such a system, the amplification period may be increased to 3-5 dispersion lengths for 10 dB linear losses between amplifiers.
Correlation between acetylcholine receptor function and structural properties of membranes (1986)

Protein-lipid interactions were studied by using Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR) as a model system by reconstituting purified AChR into membranes containing various synthetic lipids and native lipids. AChR function was determined by measuring two activities at 4 degrees C: (1) low to high agonist affinity-state transition of AChR in the presence of an agonist (carbamylcholine) in either membrane fragments or sealed vesicles and (2) ion-gating activity of AChR-containing vesicles in response to carbamylcholine. Sixteen samples were examined, each containing different lipid compositions including phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, asolectin, neutral lipid depleted asolectin, native lipids, and cholesterol-depleted native lipids. Phosphatidylcholines with different configurations of fatty acyl chains were used. The dynamic structures of these membranes were probed by incorporating spin-labeled fatty acid into AChR-containing vesicles and measuring the order parameters. It was found that both aspects of AChR function were highly dependent on the lipid environment even though carbamylcholine binding itself was not affected. An appropriate membrane fluidity was necessarily required to allow the interconversion between the low and high affinity states of AChR. An optimal fluidity hypothesis is proposed to account for the conformational transition properties of membrane proteins. In addition, the conformational change was only a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the AChR-mediated ion flux activity. Among membranes in which AChR manifested the affinity-state transition, only those containing both cholesterol and negatively charged phospholipids (such as phosphatidic acid) retained the ion-gating activity.