gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-mediated transfer of inducible caspases: a novel "death switch" gene therapeutic approach to prostate cancer. (2001)

In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, although effective in controlling localized disease, are often associated with significant side effects attributable to injury of adjacent tissues. Moreover, patients with metastatic disease eventually fail systemic hormonal or chemotherapy because of the development of progressive, refractory disease. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel suicide gene therapy that could potentially spare normal tissue while bypassing molecular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance by using chemically inducible effector caspases to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Initially, we compared the ability of a panel of inducible Fas signaling intermediates to kill human and murine prostate cancer cell lines. On the basis of the superior killing by downstream caspase-1 and caspase-3, replication-deficient adenoviral vectors expressing conditional caspase-1 (Ad-G/iCasp1) or caspase-3 (Ad-G/iCasp3), regulated by nontoxic, lipid-permeable, chemical inducers of dimerization (CID), were constructed. Upon vector transduction followed by CID administration, aggregation and activation of these recombinant caspases occur, leading to rapid apoptosis. In vitro, both human (LNCaP and PC-3) and murine (TRAMP-C2 and TRAMP-C2G) prostate cancer cell lines were efficiently transduced and killed in a CID-dependent fashion. In vivo, direct injection of Ad-G/iCasp1 into s.c. TRAMP-C2 tumors caused focal but extensive apoptosis without evidence for a bystander effect at the maximal viral dose (i.e., 2.5 x 10(10) viral particles/25 microl) in host animals that also received CID compared with control animals. Treatment with Ad-G/iCasp1 plus CID resulted in a transient, yet significant, reduction both in tumor growth and volume compared with tumors treated with vector but not CID (P < 0.035) or vector-diluent plus CID (P < 0.022), both of which grew more rapidly. These results demonstrate that CID-regulated, caspase-based suicide gene therapy is safe and can inhibit the growth of experimental prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo through potent induction of apoptosis, providing a rationale for further development.
Effects of interleukin-4 on the in vitro growth of human lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms (1990)

Recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) has pleiotropic biologic effects including stimulation of normal B-cell growth. We investigated the effects of rhIL-4 on the in vitro growth of 35 fresh human lymphoid and plasma cell malignancies. Inhibition of growth was seen in 52% and 60% of multiple myeloma and lymphoma specimens, respectively. Growth was stimulated relative to control in 8.6% (3 of 35) of the tumors tested. Immunophenotyping showed that tumors displaying growth stimulation expressed surface markers associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Our findings support the clinical evaluation of rhIL-4 as a therapeutic agent in selected patients with lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms.
Type I Clathrates as Novel Silicon Anodes: An Electrochemical and Structural Investigation (2015)

Silicon clathrates contain cage-like structures that can encapsulate various guest atoms or molecules. An electrochemical evaluation of type I silicon clathrates based on Ba<sub>8</sub>Al <i><sub>y</sub></i> Si<sub>46-<i>y</i></sub> as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries is presented here. Postcycling characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction shows no discernible structural or volume changes even after electrochemical insertion of 44 Li (≈1 Li/Si) into the clathrate structure. The observed properties are in stark contrast with lithiation of other silicon anodes, which become amorphous and suffer from large volume changes. The electrochemical reactions are proposed to occur as single phase reactions at approximately 0.2 and 0.4 V versus Li/Li<sup>+</sup> during lithiation and delithiation, respectively, distinct from diamond cubic or amorphous silicon anodes. Reversible capacities as high as 499 mAh g-<sup>1</sup> at a 5 mA g<sup>-1</sup> rate were observed for silicon clathrate with composition Ba<sub>8</sub>Al<sub>8.54</sub>Si<sub>37.46</sub>, corresponding to ≈1.18 Li/Si. These results show that silicon clathrates could be promising durable anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Is transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) a cost-effective treatment in patients who are ineligible for surgical aortic valve replacement? A systematic review of economic evaluations (2014)

Despite notable differences in modeling approach, under the thresholds defined by using either the local threshold value or that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold value, each study showed that TAVI was likely to be a cost-effective intervention for patients ineligible for SAVR.
Apiocamarops cryptocellula, a New Species from Guyana (1988)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: ApiocamaropsascosporeGuyana
Impedance spectroscopy for battery monitoring with switched mode amplifiers (2014)

Impedance Spectroscopy is a well-known measurement technique for electrochemical systems, such as a battery half-cell. Once this method would be implemented in the battery management system and performed online during operation it could provide a monitoring system for the whole pack and increase its lifetime and safe operation. Current solutions are either inaccurate or too big, expensive and energy inefficient. The presented approach proposes a dual use of the battery charger which incorporates a switched mode amplifier to generate the stimuli current necessary to perform an Impedance Spectroscopy. The drawback of this method are the distortions associated with the modulation of the measurement frequency onto a carrier frequency. The influence of the DC-link voltage and the switching frequency on the on the total harmonic distortion are analysed. These theoretical results are compared with the ones from experiments. A custom designed switched amplifier was built up, specifically designed for performing Impedance Spectroscopy on a battery pack. This technology could allow impedance monitoring of every cell in the battery pack and make a better estimation of the state of the battery possible.
Synthetic fluids between synthetic hydrocarbons and ester fluids: Co‐oligomers of alphaolefins and alkylmethacrylates (1994)

Abstract Through co‐oligomerisation of alphaolefins with alkylmethacrylates, fluids are obtained with a unique chemical combination of non‐polar PAO and polar ester oil in one molecule. The polarity of these co‐oligomers between P A 0 on the one hand and ester oil on the other helps to avoid the typical disadvantages of these common synthetic base oils. Thus, co‐oligomers offer superior solvency for DI packages, neutral elastomer behaviour, the hydrolytic stability of sterically hindered esters, a thermal and oxidative stability close to PAO, and free miscibility with mineral oil and synthetic base stocks. Co‐oligomers are Newtonian fluids of high purity and with a viscosity range between 50 and 600 mm 2 /s at 100°C. Both viscosity level and purity open up a range of applications. Even without high molecular weight VI improver, gear oils, and hydraulic oils with outstanding viscometric performance can be formulated. The purity has a positive influence on properties such as demulsibility, de‐aeration, and foaming behaviour. The present paper compares co‐oligomers with common base fluids and gives examples of typical applications.
P268S in NOD2 associates with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease in Chinese population (2013)

Our results suggested that the P268S variant in NOD2 might be a risk factor for susceptibility to sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese populations. It also implied that the inflammatory response may play a role in PD.
Characterization of Key Odorants in Meehan’s Mint, Meehania cordata (2020)

Thirty-five odorants from Meehan's mint, <i>Meehania cordata</i>, were identified using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Twelve compounds with flavor dilution factors ≥16 were quantitated using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA). Odor activity values (OAVs) and sensory experiments revealed (-)-(<i>E</i>)-pinocarvyl acetate as a key impact odorant contributing to the plant's unique woody and minty odor. Odor simulation experiments revealed a mixture of 10 compounds, including (2<i>E</i>,6<i>Z</i>)-nona-2,6-dienal (OAV 48000), β-ionone (OAV 33000), (<i>E</i>)-pinocarvyl acetate (OAV 8600), 1-octen-3-one (OAV 2800), and linalool (OAV 990), successfully mimicked the plant odor when combined in their natural concentrations. Three stereoisomers of pinocarvyl acetate were identified including (-)-(<i>E</i>)-, (+)-(<i>E</i>)-, and (-)-(<i>Z</i>)-isomers. The (<i>E</i>) to (<i>Z</i>)-ratio was determined as 95.5% (<i>E</i>) and 0.5% (<i>Z</i>). The enantiomeric ratio of (-)-(<i>E</i>)- to (+)-(<i>E</i>)- was determined as 96% (-)-(<i>E</i>)- and 4% (+)-(<i>E</i>)-pinocarvyl acetate. This study established the basis for future investigations aimed at determining the odorant variability of individual genotypes from natural populations of <i>M. cordata</i> and other members of the <i>Meehenia</i> genus.
Piecewise linear fitting and trend changing points of climate parameters (2004)

Finding an overall linear trend is a common method in scientific studies. It is almost a requirement when one intends to study variability. Nevertheless, when dealing with long climate temporal series, fitting a straight line only seldom has a relevant meaning. This paper proposes and describes a new methodology for finding overall trends, and, simultaneously, for computing a new set of climate parameters: the breakpoints between periods with significantly different trends. The proposed methodology uses a least‐squares approach to compute the best continuous set of straight lines that fit a given time series, subject to a number of constraints on the minimum distance between breakpoints and on the minimum trend change at each breakpoint. The method is tested with three climate time series.
Types of atrial fibrillation (2018)

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) has initially been diagnosed in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This cause of AF has been largely eliminated in Europe and the United States, but is still an important cause of AF in other parts of the world. Later, the electrocardiogram pattern of AF (mainly distinguishing between paroxysmal, self-terminating, and chronic forms of AF) has been used to describe types of AF. This classification is still in use today. This chapter outlines the need to develop clinical classifications of AF that reflect the major causes of AF in patients and which are required to develop tailored, personalized approaches to prevent and treat AF.
Mode of transport of fatty acid to endothelial cells influences intracellular fatty acid metabolism. (1995)

Fatty acids are transported to cells from a variety of different moieties in the plasma. In this study, using oleate and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we asked whether the vehicle that delivers fatty acid to cells has an influence on its metabolism upon its incorporation into the cell. For oleate vehicles, we compared free oleate bound to albumin with oleate in low density lipoprotein (LDL) which was delipidated and reconstituted with either radiolabeled triolein or cholesteryl oleate. Using approximately physiologic concentrations of LDL and free oleate, we demonstrated by three lines of evidence unique patterns of cellular oleate metabolism for oleate delivered as triolein within LDL, for oleate delivered as cholesteryl oleate within LDL, and for oleate delivered as free oleate bound to albumin. In fact, the difference was most marked between cholesteryl oleate and triolein, even though the oleate in cholesteryl oleate and triolein was delivered in identically reconstituted LDL particles, which were presumably incorporated into the cells and degraded in lysosomes in a similar fashion. First, we demonstrated that oleate delivered as free oleate or as triolein in reconstituted LDL was desaturated and elongated to fatty acid metabolites, but cholesteryl oleate in reconstituted LDL was not similarly metabolized. The elongated and desaturated metabolites of oleate were preferentially esterified in cellular triglyceride when oleate was delivered as free oleate, but they were preferentially esterified in phospholipids when oleate was delivered as triolein in LDL. Second, we observed that there was a difference in the distribution of oleate among phospholipids when oleate was delivered as cholesteryl oleate in reconstituted LDL versus triolein in reconstituted LDL. When the oleate was delivered as triolein in reconstituted LDL, there was greater esterification in diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine, in phosphatidylserine, and in phosphatidylinositol. When oleate was delivered as cholesteryl oleate in reconstituted LDL, there was greater esterification in diacyl phosphatidylcholine. Third, there was a marked preference for oleate delivered from triolein in LDL over cholesteryl oleate in LDL for esterification into the sn-1 position of plasmalogens as a vinyl ether-linked fatty acid. These data indicate that mode of transport of fatty acid to cells influences fatty acid metabolism upon its incorporation into the cell, even when the fatty acid is delivered from the core of the same lipoprotein.
Gonad-Specific Expression of Two Novel Chicken Complementary DNA Isoforms1 (2001)

Differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate a novel cDNA clone (C47) that was initially shown to be downregulated in senescent chicken embryo fibroblast cells. In a tissue environment, C47 transcripts were only detected in gonadal tissue. The expression of the larger isoform (C47L) was essentially restricted to the ovary, and the smaller isoform (C47S) was predominately expressed in the testis. Although levels of the C47L mRNA were relatively high in both the small white and the developing larger follicles, there was very low expression in regressed and postovulated follicles. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that two different transcripts of the single-copy C47 gene were generated by differential polyadenylation in the 3' untranslated region. As a result of a single nucleotide deletion, the C47L mRNA produced a smaller 48-kDa protein, and the C47S mRNA generated a larger 57-kDa protein when both were translated in vitro. Both protein isoforms were shown to contain conserved C2H2 Zn finger motifs and nuclear localization signals suggestive of being putative transcription factors. These results suggest that the C47L and C47S isoforms might play an important role in the regulation and maintenance of ovarian and testicular functions, respectively, in the chicken.
Abstract 141: Identification of a Key Regulator for Activating Bmp Signalling and Promoting Mesodermal Differentiation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

Background: Recently, patient’s own induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are expected to be cell sources for regenerative therapy. In stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes, activation of BMP and Activin signallings in early phase and suppression of Wnt signalling in late phase are important. Although small molecule chemical compounds and recombinant proteins are currently used for differentiation, however, it is better that all recombinant proteins are replaced by chemical compounds, which cost cheaper and improve the efficiency of iPSC-CM differentiation. Several chemical compounds inhibiting Wnt signalling have been reported in previous researches. On the other hand, BMP signalling activator has not been developed because there is little knowledge of factors which strongly modify BMP signalling in various cells. To address this issue, we tried to screen factors activating BMP signalling strongly. Methods and Results: To develop the screening system, we used luciferase assay including BMP-responsive element (BRE) and confirmed that our screening system promptly responds to BMP-4 stimulation. Then, we focused on the molecular target, which has a strong impact on BMP signalling. We screened the possible BMP signal regulators which were reported in previous papers by RNA interference in HEK293T cells. Among many candidate regulators, we found that knockdown of Tripartite motif 33 (TRIM33) , E3 type ubiquitin ligase, significantly and reproducibly enhanced BRE-luciferase assay and induced the expression of Id-1 gene as innate reporter gene of BMP signalling. Next, we investigate whether the suppression of TRIM33 promotes the differentiation of iPSCs into mesodermal cells. We confirmed that TRIM33 knockdown by RNA interference promoted the expression of mesodermal marker Brachyury T and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker Slug2 in 2-dimensional cardiac differentiation. Conclusions: We successfully detected the factor activating BMP signalling. TRIM33 inhibition enhanced the expression of Id-1 gene and promoted mesodermal differentiation. In the future, chemical compounds targeting TRIM33 may be useful for regenerative medicine as BMP signalling activators.
An updated prostate cancer staging nomogram ( P artin tables) based on cases from 2006 to 2011 (2012)

The distribution of pathologic stages did not change at our institution between 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The updated Partin nomogram takes into account the updated Gleason scoring system and may be more accurate for contemporary patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
High-Gain Graphene Transistors with a Thin AlOx Top-Gate Oxide (2017)

The high-frequency performance of transistors is usually assessed by speed and gain figures of merit, such as the maximum oscillation frequency f <sub>max</sub>, cutoff frequency f <sub>T</sub>, ratio f <sub>max</sub>/f <sub>T</sub>, forward transmission coefficient S <sub>21</sub>, and open-circuit voltage gain A <sub>v</sub>. All these figures of merit must be as large as possible for transistors to be useful in practical electronics applications. Here we demonstrate high-performance graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) with a thin AlOx gate dielectric which outperform previous state-of-the-art GFETs: we obtained f <sub>max</sub>/f <sub>T</sub> > 3, A <sub>v</sub> > 30 dB, and S <sub>21</sub> = 12.5 dB (at 10 MHz and depending on the transistor geometry) from S-parameter measurements. A dc characterization of GFETs in ambient conditions reveals good current saturation and relatively large transconductance ~600 S/m. The realized GFETs offer the prospect of using graphene in a much wider range of electronic applications which require substantial gain.
Miscibility and crystallization kinetics in blends of poly(ethylene terephtalate) and thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters (1992)

Abstract Binary blends of poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) and thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP) have been prepared by both solution and melt blending methods. The TLCPs utilized were Vectra (Hoechst Celanese), TR‐4, a TLCP synthesized in our laboratory, and a block copolymer consisting of three TR‐4 units followed by three PET units. The phase behavior of the blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and optical microscopy. The results show that none of the blends is miscible, but significant interactions exist between the PET phase and the TLCP phase in the case of TR‐4 and TR‐4 block copolymer blends. These interactions lead to a different nucleation mechanism in these blends compared to that in PET/Vectra.
Re-engineering The Clinical Research Enterprise in Response to COVID-19: The Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) experience and proposed playbook for future pandemics (2021)

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the clinical research enterprises at the 60 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Hubs throughout the nation. There was simultaneously a need to expand research to obtain crucial data about disease prognosis and therapy and enormous limitations on conducting research as localities and institutions limited travel and person-to-person contact. These imperatives resulted in major changes in the way research was conducted, including expediting Institutional Review Board review, shifting to remote interactions with participants, centralizing decision-making in prioritizing research protocols, establishing biobanks, adopting novel informatics platforms, and distributing study drugs in unconventional ways. National CTSA Steering Committee meetings provided an opportunity to share best practices and develop the idea of capturing the CTSA program experiences in a series of papers. Here we bring together the recommendations from those papers in a list of specific actions that research sites can take to strengthen operations and prepare for similar future public health emergencies. Most importantly, creative innovations developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic deserve serious consideration for adoption as new standards, thus converting the painful trauma of the pandemic into “post-traumatic growth” that makes the clinical research enterprise stronger, more resilient, and more effective.
Dependance of critical dimension on learning machines and ranking methods (2012)

Feature reduction is a major problem in data mining. Though traditional methods such as feature ranking and subset selection have been widely used, there has been little consideration given to assuring satisfactory performance of a learning machine in relation to the minimum of features required or the “critical dimension”. This critical dimension is unique to a specific dataset, learning machine, and ranking algorithm combination. The empirical methods demonstrate that many datasets show the existence of critical dimension. The dependence of this critical dimension on the learning machines and ranking algorithms could provide newer insights in understanding datasets, machine learning classifiers and ranking algorithms. The preliminary results of analysis show that the critical dimension depends largely on the feature ranking algorithm and that learning machines are less significant in determining the critical dimension.
Kinetics of Hydride Transfer from Metal-Free Hydride Donors to CO2 (2020)

Selective reduction of CO2 to formate represents an ongoing challenge in photoelectrocatalysis. To provide mechanistic insights, we investigate the kinetics of hydride transfer (HT) from a series of metal-free hydride donors to CO2. The observed dependence of experimental and calculated HT barriers on the thermodynamic driving force was modeled using the Marcus hydride transfer formalism to obtain the insights into the effect of reorganization energies on the reaction kinetics. Our results indicate that, even if the most ideal hydride donor were discovered, the HT to CO2 would exhibit sluggish kinetics (less than 100 turnovers at 0.1 eV driving force), indicating that the conventional HT may not be an appropriate mechanism for Solar conversion of CO2 to formate. We propose that the conventional HT mechanism should not be considered for CO2 reduction catalysis and argue that the orthogonal HT mechanism, previously proposed to address thermodynamic limitations of this reaction, may also lead to lower kinetic barriers for CO2 reduction to formate.
Wind Tunnel Tests of a Pitot-Static Tube Array to Estimate Wind Velocity (2019)

This paper examines the use of a pitot-static tube array (PSA) to estimate horizontal wind velocity in all directions. This method uses the readings from the PSA as inputs. No flight tests have been done, but this method could potentially be used to estimate wind velocity from small UAVs. To do this, UAV ground speed and attitude must be available as inputs. Wind tunnel data of the PSA was used to create an algorithm that estimates wind velocity even when the wind is not parallel with any of the pitot-static tubes. This paper discuses the wind tunnel data, the algorithm, and the application for small UAVs.