gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whale Optimization Approach for Optimization Problem In Distributed Wireless Sensor Network (2019)

Recently, Node localization has played a vital role in wireless sensor networks (WSN), where the node's coordinates have mostly required before sensing operation. Sensor devices are randomly deployed in the network for monitoring task. The crucial objective of localization is to determine the position of the sensor nodes based on a few landmark nodes. Node localization problem is formulated as an optimization problem and metaheuristic techniques are called to deal with the issue in multidimensional space, in this paper, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is proposed to deal with the challenge, furthermore, the capability of auto localization is highly requested. WOA computes iteratively the node's positions based on a multistage approach to browse the whole region of the network. Deploying this algorithm on a large WSN with hundreds of sensors shows good performance in terms of node localization. the simulation result proved the good performance of WOA in term of localization error and computing time.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIKALRED. UND DEHALOGENIERUNG VON VICINALEN DIHALOGENIDEN MIT TRI‐N‐BUTYL‐ZINNHYDRID (1970)

Abstract Die dl‐ und meso‐Verbindungen des Dihalogenids (I) reagieren mit dem Hydrid (II) hauptsächlich zu den cis‐ und trans‐Butenen (III) über eine Radikal‐Ketten‐Debromierungsreaktion mit vorherrschender Antieliminierung.
Study of DNA Motors by Single Molecule Micromanipulation (2000)

Using magnetic micromanipulation techniques applied to DNA molecules, we investigate enzymes interacting with DNA. We report the observation of the replication of a single stranded DNA by a DNA polymerase in conditions where a single enzyme may work at any time. We show that relying on the strong difference between single stranded and double stranded DNA, we can follow the degree of replication in real time. We observe that the rate of replication depends exponentially on the force stretching the template. This behavior suggests that several bases are displaced in each enzymatic cycle. Investigating topoisomerase II/DNA interactions, we show that individual cycles of supercoil relaxation on a single DNA molecule may be observed in real time. The probability distribution of the time between steps suggests that a single ATP is hydrolyzed per step. The variation of the unwinding rate with force imply that the rate limiting step in the reaction is associated with a displacement of ≈ 1 nm against the load. Finally in the absence of ATP, the analysis of DNA clamping events by topoII suggests that the DNA/topoII complex can exist in two conformations with widely different life-times.
Yorktown Victory Center (1997)

Yorktown Victory Center, P.O. Box 1976, Yorktown, VA 23690 Catherine M. Lewis Catherine M. Lewis University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 84, Issue 1, June 1997, Pages 156–163, https://doi.org/10.2307/2952738 Published: 01 June 1997
Fiber grating butt-coupled cw Cr 3+ :LiSrAIF 6 laser performance (1998)

Recently, there has been a considerable interest in single-frequency tunable all-solid-state sources. A novel scheme for a simple and compact design by coupling the pump radiation through a fiber grating (FG) into a Cr3+: LiSrAlF6 (Cr3+ :LiSAF) laser is developed similar to Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers.1
A fast methodology to determine the characteristics of thousands of grains using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. I. Overlapping diffraction peaks and parameters of the experimental setup (2012)

A data-analysis methodology is presented for the characterization of three-dimensional microstructures of polycrystalline materials from data acquired using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD). The method is developed for 3DXRD microscopy using a far-field detector and yields information about the centre-of-mass position, crystallographic orientation, volume and strain state for thousands of grains. This first part deals with pre-processing of the diffraction data for input into the algorithms presented in the second part [Sharma, Huizenga &amp; Offerman (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45 , 705–718] for determination of the grain characteristics. An algorithm is presented for accurate identification of overlapping diffraction peaks from X-ray diffraction images, which has been an issue limiting the accuracy of experiments of this type. The algorithm works in two stages, namely the identification of overlapping peaks using a seeded watershed algorithm, and then the fitting of the peaks with a pseudo-Voigt shape function to yield an accurate centre-of-mass position and integrated intensity for the peaks. Regions consisting of up to six overlapping peaks can be successfully fitted. Two simulations and an experiment are used to verify the results of the algorithms. An example of the processing of diffraction images acquired in a 3DXRD experiment with a sample consisting of more than 1600 grains is shown. Furthermore, a procedure for the determination of the parameters of the experimental setup (global parameters) without the need for a calibration sample is presented and validated using simulations. This is immensely beneficial for simplifying experiments and the subsequent data analysis.
Nickel-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Carbon-Sulfur Bond Metathesis by Reversible Arylation (2019)

A nickel-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond metathesis has been developed to access high-value thioethers. 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcype) is essential to promote this highly functional group tolerant reaction. Further, synthetically challenging macrocycles could be obtained in good yield in an unusual example of ring-closing metathesis which does not involve alkene bonds. In-depth organometallic studies support a reversible Ni(0)-Ni(II) pathway to product formation. Overall, this work does not only disclose a more sustainable and more functional group tolerant alternative to previous catalytic systems based on Pd, but also presents new applications and mechanistic information which are highly relevant to the further development and application of unusual single bond metathesis reactions.
Nonrandom chromosomal changes in thy-1-positive and thy-1-negative lymphomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene in SJL mice. (1980)

Leukemias were induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene feeding of intact, thymectomized, or Freund's adjuvant-pretreated SJL mice. Four of six Thy-1-positive thymomas that arose in intact mice had a pseudodiploid stemline with one morphologically similar or identical marker. Banding analysis showed that the marker had arisen by the translocation of the distal part of one chromosome 15 to one X chromosome [t(X;ter 15)]. Two normal No. 15 chromosomes were also present in the same metaphase plates. These four Thy-1-positive lymphomas were thus trisomic for the distal part of chromosome 15. All 8 Thy-1-negative lymphomas, originating in the spleen or lymph nodes of thymectomized or adjuvant-pretreatment mice, had a trisomy of chromosome 12 and also a trisomy of either chromosome 3 or chromosome 18. These results further stress the importance of gene dosage effects, related to the distal part of chromosome 15, in Thy-1-positive T-cell leukemogenesis. The cytogenetic difference between the Thy-1-positive and -negative leukemias supports our hypothesis that nonrandom chromosomal changes in murine leukemias are dependent on the target cell type, rather than the inducing agent.
Analytical approximations of the diffusive dispersion in fluid flows (2014)

We present a path-integral approach for finding solutions of the convection-diffusion equation with inhomogeneous fluid flow, which are notoriously difficult to solve. We derive a general approximate analytical solution of the convection-diffusion equation which is in principle applicable to arbitrary flow profiles. As examples, we apply this approximation to the diffusion in a linear shear flow and in a parabolic flow in infinite space, and to the diffusion in a linear shear flow over an impenetrable interface. This last case is particularly important for problems involving diffusive transport towards an interface with advection. We compare the analytical approximation with numerical solutions which are obtained from a conventional finite-element time-difference method.
Engineering the Optical Properties of Gold Nanorods: Independent Tuning of Surface Plasmon Energy, Extinction Coefficient, and Scattering Cross Section (2014)

The future integration of plasmonic nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods (Au NRs), into applications requires the ability to tune the components of their optical properties to optimize performance for the underlying technology. Verifying techniques that model the resonance energy and associated extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections necessitate experimental data from series of Au NRs where structural features are independently tuned. Here, the extinction cross section and scattering efficiency are presented for Au NR series with high compositional and structural purity where effective volume, aspect ratio, length, and diameter are independently varied by factors of 25, 3, 2, and 4, respectively. The extinction cross sections quantitatively agree with prior calculations, confirming that the volume of the rod is the dominant factor. Comparisons of the scattering efficiency however are less precise, with both quantitative and qualitative differences between the role of rod volume and aspect ratio. Such extensive experimental data sets provide a critical platform to improve quantitative structure–property correlations, and thus enable design optimization of plasmonic nanoparticles for emerging applications.
IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR APPLE DEFECT DETECTION (2008)

*** Summary. The objective of this research was to develop and test an image processing system which could identify defects on apple surfaces. A system for identifying surface defects on apples was designed, based on analyzing images acquired while apples were rotating in front of the camera. When multiple images were combined and adjustments made for rotation, dark areas caused by defects would appear with almost the same shape and at the same place in three or more frames. While minimizing false positives, the classifi cation accuracy was very high. The proposed algorithm was effective in detecting various defects such as bruises, frost damage, and scab. The average classifi cation accuracy was 96% for the samples in the experiments.
Added Value of Diffusion-Weighted Acquisitions in MRI of the Abdomen and Pelvis (2014)

High-quality abdominopelvic DWI can be performed routinely on current MRI systems and may offer added value in image interpretation. Particularly in unenhanced MRI examinations, DWI may provide an alternative source of image contrast and improved conspicuity to identify and potentially characterize pathology. DWI is a powerful technique that warrants implementation in routine abdominal and pelvic imaging protocols.
Experience with Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoids (1997)

Aggressive surgical removal results in transient but significant cranial nerve dysfunction in the postoperative period. A conservative approach is indicated for patients in whom the capsule is adherent to the brain stem and the cranial nerves.
Time-diversity scheduled retransmission multiaccess protocols for satellite networks (2002)

Two modified scheduled retransmission multiple access (SRMA) protocols for satellite communication networks are considered. The authors use a time-diversity concept in these proposed protocols in which each station transmits multiple copies of the same packet as well as multiple copies of reservation information for retransmission. The multiple copies are transmitted in the same channel but in different time slots. It is shown that the proposed protocols can offer a maximum throughput that is much better than that of the ALOHA system and the delay performance is also better, even when the throughput is as low as 0.1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Galla[1]ferrocenophane: A Gallium-Bridged Polyferrocene with Observable Tacticity (2010)

A gallium-bridged polyferrocene was prepared via spontaneous ring-opening polymerization of a galla[1]ferrocenophane. This organometallic polymer is thermally robust and can be purified and handled under ambient conditions, making it an ideal candidate for incorporation into polymer based materials offering an alternative to existing polyferrocenes. The tBu group pointing toward the polymer backbone serves as a very sensitive NMR probe of the polymer stereochemistry.
Erratum: Genomic and oncogenic preference of HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 12992 (2016); Published: 5 October 2016; Updated: 8 November 2016 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Tin-Lap Lee, which was incorrectly given as T.P. Lee. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Treatment of dry eye by autologous serum application in Sjogren's syndrome (1999)

Autologous serum application is a safe and efficient way to provide essential components to the ocular surface in the treatment of dry eye associated with Sjögren's syndrome.
Double Bond Isomerization/Enantioselective Aza-Petasis−Ferrier Rearrangement Sequence as an Efficient Entry to Anti- and Enantioenriched β-Amino Aldehydes (2009)

Highly anti- and enantioselective synthesis of beta-amino aldehydes having an aliphatic substituent at the beta-position was accomplished by a combination of two catalytic reactions, that is, an initial Ni(II) complex-catalyzed isomerization of a double bond followed by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed aza-Petasis-Ferrier rearrangement, using hemiaminal allyl ethers as the initial substrate. The chiral phosphoric acid also functioned as an efficient resolving catalyst of racemic hemiaminal vinyl ethers.
Toxin Genotypes and Plasmid Profiles as Determinants of Systemic Sequelae in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections (1989)

In 1987, 93 Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates were collected during routine surveillance for this pathogen in the state of Washington. Toxin genotypes and plasmid profiles were correlated with the clinical sequelae of illness in 88 of the 93 patients from whom these strains were isolated. Thirteen plasmid patterns were observed among the 88 tested isolates; four patterns accounted for 82% of the isolates. Genetic probing for Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II demonstrated the presence of both genes in 67 (76%), SLT I alone in three (3%), and SLT II alone in 18 (20%). The hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura developed in seven (39%) of 18 patients infected with isolates having only the SLT II gene, while these complications occurred in only four (6%) of 70 patients infected with isolates having the other two genotypes (relative risk, 6.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9, 26.4). This study shows that E. coli O157:H7 isolates systematically collected from a single geographic region over a defined time period exhibit considerable diversity in plasmid content and toxin genotype and that the toxin genotype of the infecting strain may influence the risk of developing microangiopathic sequelae.
A facile solvent-free synthesis route for the assembly of a highly CO2 selective and H2S tolerant NiSIFSIX metal–organic framework (2015)

Here we report a solvent-free route for the synthesis of an H<sub>2</sub>S stable and highly CO<sub>2</sub> selective porous hybrid material, namely (NiSiF<sub>6</sub>(pyz)<sub>2</sub>) MOF.
Immunohistochemical pitfalls in the demonstration of insulin-degrading\n enzyme in normal and neoplastic human tissues (2007)

Previously, we have identified the cytoplasmic zinc metalloprotease\ninsulin-degrading enzyme(IDE) in human tissues by an immunohistochemical method\ninvolving no antigen retrieval (AR) by pressure cooking to avoid artifacts by\nendogenous biotin exposure and a detection kit based on the labeled\nstreptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. Thereby, we also employed 3% hydrogen\nperoxide(H2O2) for the inhibition of endogenous peroxidase activity and\nincubated the tissue sections with the biotinylated secondary antibody at room\ntemperature (RT). We now add the immunohistochemical details that had led us to\nthis optimized procedure as they also bear a more general relevance when\ndemonstrating intracellular tissue antigens. Our most important result is that\nendogenous peroxidase inhibition by 0.3% H2O2 coincided with an apparently\npositive IDE staining in an investigated breast cancer specimen whereas\ncombining a block by 3% H2O2 with an incubation of the biotinylated secondary\nantibody at RT, yet not at 37 degrees Celsius, revealed this specimen as almost\nentirely IDE-negative. Our present data caution against three different\nimmunohistochemical pitfalls that might cause falsely positive results and\nartifacts when using an LSAB- and peroxidase-based detection method: pressure\ncooking for AR, insufficient quenching of endogenous peroxidases and heating of\ntissue sections while incubating with biotinylated secondary antibodies.\n
BIRC4 Mutation (2015)

We report a 6-year-old man with chronic severe recalcitrant bilateral anterior uveitis and a remote history of hemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosis secondary to Epstein-Barr virus infection. The patient was treated for idiopathic uveitis after an initial extensive evaluation failed to reveal a specific diagnosis. The patient failed to achieve sustained inactive disease with multiple monotherapies including topical glucocorticoid, methotrexate, infliximab, mycophenolate mofeti, and cyclosporine. Disease control was finally attained with a combination of cyclosporine and adalimumab. After more recent testing, he was found to have a novel deletion on the BIRC4 (baclovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing protein 4) gene, the causative gene for X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2. We conclude that male patients with chronic idiopathic uveitis should be questioned about a history of hemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosis during their workup and screened for BIRC4 mutation if appropriate.
Is it the end of combustion and engine combustion research? Should it be? (2022)

The dominant narrative in the affluent west is that climate change poses an “existential threat” and very rapid cuts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and hence fossil fuel use are needed to avoid it. Simultaneously oil, gas, coal, aviation, steel and cement industries and livestock farming have to be largely shut down to eliminate GHG. This review argues that globally all this will not happen by 2050, let alone 2030 because the scale of the problem is too large. Transport is particularly difficult to decarbonize and current policies focusing entirely on battery electric vehicles will not and must not succeed. GHG levels are unlikely to come down significantly in the next several decades and even if they did, extreme weather events will not disappear. It is better to recognize such realities and make societies more resilient to the effects of climate change. Humanity will have to adapt to any further warming as it has successfully done with the previous warming of about 1.1 C over the past century. Combustion research, particularly of fossil fuels and in internal combustion engines is currently seen as unnecessary in many countries. However, it will be absolutely necessary, along with the development of the alternatives in order to ensure that energy use is improved since combustion will continue to be central to supplying global energy and driving transport for decades to come. The gap between current policies and reality will perhaps be bridged as energy security concerns come to the fore.
Improving Enzyme Character by Molecular Breeding: Preparation of Chimeric Genes (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Preparation of chimeric β-glucosidase to improve the enzyme character Preparation of chimeric xylanase to determine the enzyme activity at basic pH Future studies References
High-resolution fluorocarbon-based resist for 157-nm lithography (2001)

Lithography at 157nm represents the next evolutionary step in optical lithography and is clearly seen as the likely successor to 193nm lithography. If successful, the photoresists used for this technology must be initially capable of 100nm resolution and be extendable to less than 70nm. As with the transition to shorter wavelengths in the past, the photoresist materials developed for longer wavelengths appear to be too absorbent for practical use as a traditional high resolution single layer resist imageable with 157nm radiation. The high 157nm absorbance of polyacrylate, polycyclic, and polyhydroxystyrene copolymer resists, will force the coated resist thickness to be under 100nm. It has been shown that some fluorine-functionalized polymers are more transparent in this spectral region than pure hydrocarbon polymers. This has led us to investigate the use of fluorocarbon polymers in resists specially designed for 157nm lithography. We have synthesized and evaluated a number of unique 4-hexafluoroisopropanol1 styrene based polymer systems that yield resists in which the 157nm absorbance ranges from 3.0 to 4.0micrometers . Resists of this type are potentially capable of imaging at resist thickness of 150nm. Examples of the high performance imaging capability of our resist design are shown to have imaging capability of 150nm with 0.50NA microstepper and 40nm employing interference lithography.
Design and realization of wireless technologies for alarm systems (2005)

This paper presents important factors for designing wireless systems as well as two types of wireless communications for alarm systems with short-range radio for the industrial (SIGMASPACE) and the residential (SiRoute) markets. Those systems have been designed to fulfill the different market requirements, especially regarding reaction times in case of alarms and disturbances and batteries lifetime. The SIGMASPACE is designed as a hybrid system including many gateways on the wired communication bus and master slave communication fulfilling the EN54 standards. The SiRoute system is based on a multi-hop mesh network that allows low battery power consumption, high ranges in buildings independently of structures and reaction times according to EN 50131-1. The wireless communication is performed in an exclusive frequency band for short-range devices by 868 MHz with regulated effective radiated powers and transmission duration (duty cycle).
Osteotropic Drug Delivery System (ODDS) Based on Bisphosphonic Prodrug. I: Synthesis and in Vivo Characterization of Osteotropic Carboxyfluorescein (1995)

An osteotropic drug delivery system (ODDS) based on a bisphosphonic prodrug was designed as a novel method for site-specific and controlled delivery of drugs to the bone. Due to the chemical adsorption of bisphosphonic promoiety to the mineral component, hydroxyapatite, a bisphosphonic prodrug is predominantly taken up into the bone. To verify the concept, bisphosphonic promoiety was chemically introduced into 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) as a model compound and the disposition after intravenous injection was studied in rats. The bisphosphonic prodrug of CF, disodium (fluorescein-6-carbonyloxy) acetoaminomethylene bisphosphonate (CF-BP) was highly taken up to the skeleton (62.1% of dose) and the remainder was excreted into the urine (35.9% of dose). Subsequently, regeneration of CF by hydrolysis of CF-BP in the bone was observed. The microscopic observation showed that CF-BP was buried into the bone with a calcification of the bone. According to the remodeling of the bone, bisphosphonic prodrug buried was supposed to be released in the vicinity of the osteoclast or resorption surface of the bone. Thus, it is suggested that ODDS has a potential to achieve osteoclast-speciftc or resorption surface-specific targeting of the drugs.