gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐surface water vapor over polar sea ice is always near ice saturation (2002)

During our yearlong participation in the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA), we found the measured relative humidity, figured for saturation with respect to ice, to almost always be near 100%. Often, multiple humidity sensors even showed supersaturation. Four months of observations over sea ice in the Antarctic showed the same behavior. These frequent, ubiquitous, and reproducible measurements are too compelling to discount. We hypothesize that the high relative humidity is a consequence of plentiful water vapor given up by leads and polynyas. We thus develop a simple time‐dependent vapor budget model that we solve analytically to assess the role of leads in supplying water vapor to the polar atmospheric boundary layer. The solution to that model shows that (1) because the polar marine boundary layer is generally thin, its timescale for reaching moisture equilibrium is much shorter than the timescale of the synoptic processes that tend to disrupt equilibrium, and (2) because they have relatively warm surfaces, open leads and polynyas supply water vapor more rapidly than the surrounding sea ice surface can remove it, despite an open water fractional area that may be only 5%. In concert, the two processes commonly lead to water vapor densities in the boundary layer over sea ice that are near the value for ice saturation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis: The Optimum Process (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mapping multiple attributes to three- and four-component color models — A tutorial (2008)

Abstract During the past 30 years, seismic attributes have evolved beyond simple measures of amplitude, frequency, and phase to include measures of waveform similarity, amplitude variation with offset (AVO), spectral content, and structural deformation. Although neural networks and geostatistics are effective ways of combining the information content of these many attributes, such analyses cannot replicate the pattern-recognition capabilities of an experienced interpreter. For this reason, careful visualization and display of multiple attributes remains one of the most powerful interpretation tools at our disposal. The two most important color display models are based on red, green, and blue (RGB) or hue, lightness, and saturation (HLS). Each of these color models in turn can be modulated by transparency. We recommend using the RGB color model to map attributes of similar type, such as-volumes of near-, mid-, and far-angle amplitude or low-, moder-ate-, and high-frequency spectral components. The HLS model is preferred when one attribute modulates another, such as dip magnitude modulating dip azimuth or amplitude of the peak spectral frequency modulating the phase measured at the peak frequency. Transparency/opacity provides a fourth color dimension and additional attribute modulation capabilities. This tutorial demonstrates those attributes best displayed in each of the two basic color models with examples from the Gulf of Mexico and Fort Worth Basin, Texas, U.S.A. Sometimes these combinations can be achieved using commercial voxel-based interpretation software. By careful use of color and transparency applied to modern volumetric attributes, one can display the strike of faults and flexures in three dimensions, isolate collapse features, and qualitatively display the geomorphology and thickness of channels.
Excavations on Two Farms of the Romano-British Period at Bryn Eryr and Bush Farm, Gwynedd (1998)

David Longley, Neil Johnstone, Jeremy Evans, F. M. Chambers, J. Ede, J. Henderson, D. Hopewell, D. A. Jenkins, J. G. A. Lageard, A. King, M. Millett, J. Williams, I. C. Wilshaw, Frances Lynch, Brenda Dickinson, Kay Hartley, George Smith, Excavations on Two Farms of the Romano-British Period at Bryn Eryr and Bush Farm, Gwynedd, Britannia, Vol. 29 (1998), pp. 185-246
Development of a Live Recombinant BCG Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag Using a pMyong2 Vector System: Potential Use As a Novel HIV-1 Vaccine (2018)

Even though the rate of new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections is gradually decreasing worldwide, an effective preventive vaccine for HIV-1 is still urgently needed. The recombinant <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG (rBCG) is promising for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. Recently, we showed that a recombinant <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> expressing HIV-1 gag in a pMyong2 vector system (rSmeg-pMyong2-p24) increased the efficacy of a vaccine against HIV-1 in mice. Here, we evaluated the potential of an rBCG expressing HIV-1 p24 antigen Gag in pMyong2 (rBCG-pMyong2-p24) in a vaccine application for HIV-1 infection. We found that rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited an enhanced HIV-1 p24 Gag expression in rBCG and infected antigen-presenting cells. We also found that compared to rBCG-pAL-p24 in a pAL5000 derived vector system, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited enhanced p24-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice as evidenced by higher levels of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte proliferation, gamma interferon ELISPOT cell induction, antibody production, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses. Furthermore, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 showed a higher level of p24-specific Ab production than rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 in the same pMyong2 vector system. In conclusion, our data indicated that a live recombinant BCG expressing HIV-1 Gag using a pMyong2 vector system, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited an enhanced immune response against HIV-1 infections in a mouse model system. So, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 may have the potential as a prime vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy for HIV-1 infection.
An excursion into the synthesis of potential angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn excursion into the synthesis of potential angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsTheodore J. Nitz, John Lindsey, and Charles H. StammerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 21, 4029–4032Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00142a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00142a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-term effects of embryo freezing in mice. (1995)

Embryo cryopreservation does not induce clear-cut anomalies at detectable rates, but several mechanisms exist for nonlethal damage during the freeze-thaw process, and the risk of moderate or delayed consequences has not been extensively investigated. In a long-term study including senescence, we compared cryopreserved and control mice for several quantitative traits. Significant differences were seen in morphophysiological and behavioral features, some of them appearing in elderly subjects. Thus, apart from its immediate toxicity, embryo cryopreservation, without being severely detrimental, may have delayed effects. These results, consistent with other findings, question the neutrality of artificial reproductive technologies and draw attention to the preimplantation stages in developmental toxicology.
Analysis of GB Virus C Markers in Families Over Three Generations (1999)

GB virus C (GBV-C) markers were analyzed in two to three generations in three families with documented vertical transmission of GBV-C. None of the maternal grandparents had GBV-C markers, whereas the male spouses had GBV-C envelope 2 antibodies. Evidence was found for intrafamilial transmission but not for GBV-C transmission over three generations.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 enhances cardiac L-type Ca2+ currents via activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway (2011)

Our data demonstrate that GLP-1 enhances I(Ca) in canine cardiomyocytes. The enhancement of I(Ca) is likely via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A mechanism and may contribute, at least partially, to the prolongation of the action potential duration.
Direct current glow discharges in atmospheric air (2002)

A microhollow cathode discharge was used as plasma cathode to sustain a stable direct current glow discharge in atmospheric pressure air. The length of the glow discharge column was varied from 1 mm to 2 cm, with the sustaining voltage increasing linearly with length. For glow discharges with currents on the order of 10 mA, the electron density in the air plasmas exceeded 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/, with highest values of almost 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ close to the plasma cathode. When two 8.5-mA discharges were operated in parallel, at a distance of 0.4 cm, the discharge plasmas were found to merge for electrode gaps exceeding 0.5 cm, an effect that can be used to generate large volume, homogenous air plasmas.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as Promising Catalysts in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde (2018)

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) and their differently calcined derivative catalysts was investigated in this study. The Mg-Al catalysts were synthesized via co-precipitation method and calcined at different temperatures at 450°C, 600°C and 900°C. It revealed that the calcination temperature affected the physicochemical properties and the catalytic activity of these catalysts toward the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol. It was found that ethanol conversion increased with increasing reaction temperature from 200 to 400°C, whereas acetaldehyde selectivity decreased. At low reaction temperature (200-300°C), the non-calcined catalyst (Mg-Al-000) showed the highest ethanol conversion, which can be attributed to the hydroxyl groups on surface having acetaldehyde as a major product. The calcination process led to formation of mixed oxide phase in Mg-Al catalysts as proven by the XRD and FT-IR results. The catalyst calcined at 450°C (Mg-Al-450) exhibited the highest basicity as measured by the CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD with ethanol conversion of 45.8% and acetaldehyde yield of 29.7% at 350°C.
Policy enforcement and compliance proofs for Xen virtual machines (2008)

We address the problem of integrity management in a virtualized environment. We introduce a formal integrity model for managing the integrity of arbitrary aspects of a virtualized system. Based on the model, we describe an architecture called PEV, which stands for protection, enforcement, and verification. The architecture generalizes the integrity management functions of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to cover not just software binaries, but also VMs, virtual devices, and a wide range of security policies. The architecture enables the verification of security compliance and enforcement of security policies. We describe a prototype implementation of the architecture based on the Xen hypervisor. We demonstrate the policy enforcement and compliance checking capabilities of our prototype through multiple use cases.
MR Image Reconstruction from Sparse Radial Samples Using Bregman Iteration (2006)

2 1 || ) ( || || ) ( || || || L k L BV v y f NFFT f f − − + Ψ + λ υ , where vk=y+ vk-1-NFFT(fk) with the convention v0=0, to obtain an improved reconstructed image fk+1. This procedure goes on until a stopping criterion is satisfied. The results obtained from Bregman iteration reveal finer details than those from conventional optimization techniques, as we will show in the next section. The theoretical foundation of such procedure is described in (5). Results The raw MR measurement data were obtained from a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5T scanner. These data samples have a radial trajectory in k-space. There are a total of 63 radial lines with 512 samples each. This sampling density is very sparse as the conventional algorithms require more than 200 radial lines to obtain a reasonably good image. During the MR scanning, three coils/channels were used; the pulse sequence is trueFISP; and the scanning parameters are TR=4.8ms, TE=2.4ms, flip angle α =60
A randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in the management of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. (1994)

The combination of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide thus appears to offer a small advantage over doxorubicin alone in the management of endometrial carcinoma at the expense of more frequent and severe myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity.
Isolation of Y Chromosome-Specific Sequences From Silene latifolia and Mapping of Male Sex-Determining Genes Using Representational Difference Analysis (1996)

The genomic subtraction method representational difference analysis (RDA) was used to identify male-specific restriction fragments in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. Male-specific restriction fragments are linked to the male sex chromosome (the Y chromosome). Four RDA-derived male-specific restriction fragments were used to identify polymorphisms in a collection of X-ray-generated mutant plants with either hermaphroditic or asexual flowers. Some of the mutants have cytologically detectable deletions in the Y chromosome that were correlated with loss of male-specific restriction fragments. One RDA-derived probe detected a restriction fragment present in all mutants, indicating that each has retained Y chromosomal DNA. The other three probes detected genomic fragments that were linked in a region deleted in some hermaphroditic and some asexual mutants. Based on the mutant phenotypes and the correlation of cytologically visible deletions with loss of male-specific restriction fragments, these markers were assigned to positions on the Y chromosome close to the carpel suppression locus. This RDA mapping also revealed a Y-linked locus, not previously described, which is responsible for early stamen development.
Teleautonomous systems: projecting and coordinating intelligent action at a distance (1990)

The authors have coined the term teleautonomous to describe methods for producing intelligent action at a distance. Teleautomation goes beyond autonomous control in that it blends in human intelligence and action as appropriate. It goes beyond teleoperation in that it incorporates as much autonomy as is possible or reasonable. A novel approach for solving one of the fundamental problems facing teleautonomous systems is discussed in detail: the need to overcome time delays due to telemetry and signal propagation. Concepts called time and position clutches are introduced; these allow the time and position frames, respectively, between the local user control and the remote device being controlled to be desynchronized. The design and implementation of these mechanisms lead to substantial telemanipulation performance improvements, including the novel result of improvements even in the absence of time delays. The controls also yield a simple protocol for handoffs of the control of manipulation tasks between local operators and remote systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
α-Arylazoalkyl Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates by Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of 2,5,5-Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazolidin-3-ones and 1,2,4-Triazolidin-3-thiones (1984)

L'oxydation par le permanganate de K de semicarbazides et thiosemicarbazides cycliques du titre conduit aux arylazo-1 alkyl-isocyanates et -isothiocyanates correspondants
Cellular Imaging Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy (2019)

Cellular imaging is an active area of research that enables researchers to monitor cellular dynamics, as well as responses to various external stimuli (physiological stress, exogenous compounds, etc.). Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is one popular experimental tool used to image cells, largely because of its chemical specificity, high spatial resolution, and high image acquisition speed. In this Perspective, the theoretical background and experimental implementation of SRS microscopy are discussed and recent developments in the field of cellular imaging with SRS are highlighted and summarized.
A Novel Approach to Studies of Triple-Ion Formation (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Approach to Studies of Triple-Ion FormationD. N. Bhattacharyya, J. Smid, and M. SzwarcCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 22, 5024–5025Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01076a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01076a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Antibiosis in Competition of Erwinia Strains in Potato Infection Courts (1988)

Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum strains produced a bactericidal antibiotic in vitro that inhibited a wide spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The optimum temperature for production was 24 degrees C, and the addition of glycerol to culture media enhanced antibiotic production. Antibiotic production by these strains in the infection court of potato was the principal determinant enabling it to gain ascendancy over competing antibiotic-sensitive Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strains. There was a complete correlation between antibiotic production by E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum in vitro and inhibition of competing E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains in planta. Inhibition of the latter by the former was apparent after 10 h of incubation in potato tuber wounds. Population densities of sensitive E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains in mixed potato tuber infections with E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum were approximately 10-fold lower after 48 h of incubation than in corresponding single sensitive strain infections. E. carotovora subsp. carotovora were not inhibited in tuber infections that were incubated anaerobically. This correlated with the absence of antibiotic production during anaerobic incubation in vitro. Antibiotic-resistant strains of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora were not inhibited in planta or in vitro by E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum. Moreover, isogenic antibiotic-negative (Ant) mutant E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum strains were not inhibitory to sensitive E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains in tuber infections.
Hinge disulfides in human IgG2 CD40 antibodies modulate receptor signaling by regulation of conformation and flexibility (2022)

Antibodies protect from infection, underpin successful vaccines and elicit therapeutic responses in otherwise untreatable cancers and autoimmune conditions. The human IgG2 isotype displays a unique capacity to undergo disulfide shuffling in the hinge region, leading to modulation of its ability to drive target receptor signaling (agonism) in a variety of important immune receptors, through hitherto unexplained molecular mechanisms. To address the underlying process and reveal how hinge disulfide orientation affects agonistic activity, we generated a series of cysteine to serine exchange variants in the hinge region of the clinically relevant monoclonal antibody ChiLob7/4, directed against the key immune receptor CD40. We report how agonistic activity varies with disulfide pattern and is afforded by the presence of a disulfide crossover between F(ab) arms in the agonistic forms, independently of epitope, as observed in the determined crystallographic structures. This structural "switch" affects directly on antibody conformation and flexibility. Small-angle x-ray scattering and ensemble modeling demonstrated that the least flexible variants adopt the fewest conformations and evoke the highest levels of receptor agonism. This covalent change may be amenable for broad implementation to modulate receptor signaling in an epitope-independent manner in future therapeutics.
Reduction of profile drag by blowing out through peg holes in areas of streamline separation bubbles (1981)

Streamline separation bubbles on aircraft profiles and fuselages were investigated. The additional drag was examined in relation to increased angle of incidence and unusually high wall sheer stress. A reduction of the separation bubble and a decrease in drag is obtained with pneumatic turbulators that blow ram air out of 0.6mm pilot tubes at a distance of 16 mm. The pneumatic models are implemented at various positions and are found to be effective after the position of separation.
Mechanics of particulate media (1977)

Keywords: Probabilite ; Analyse statistique Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Evolution of multipole moments in silicon nanocylinder while varying the refractive index of surrounding medium (2020)

Abstract Here we use multipole decomposition approach to study optical properties of a silicon nanocylinder in different lossless media. We show that resonant peaks of multipole moments experience red shift, smoothing and broadening. Worth noting that electric multipoles experience bigger red shift than their magnetic counterparts. Our results can be applied to design optical devices within a single framework.