gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed finite elements applied to acoustic wave problems in compressible viscous fluids under piezoelectric actuation (2022)

Abstract In the present contribution, we develop a mixed finite element method capable of the coupled multi-field simulation of a viscous fluid actuated by a piezoelectric resonator. Several challenges are met with in this setting, among which are the necessity of correct interface coupling, near incompressibility of the fluid, adverse geometric dimensions of flat piezoelectric transducers and different length scales of shear and pressure wave. Assuming small deformations and velocities, we present a mixed variational formulation with consistent interface coupling conditions in (mechanic) frequency domain. Both fluid and piezoelectric solid domain are discretized using Tangential-Displacement Normal-Normal-Stress elements. These elements model not only the deformation, but add an independent tensor-valued stress approximation. The method has been rigorously proven to be free from shear locking for flat prismatic or hexahedral elements. Thus, modeling of the flat geometry of piezoelectric resonators as well as resolution of the fastly decaying shear wave are facilitated. To circumvent the problem of volume locking due to the near incompressibility of the fluid, an additional independent pressure field is introduced. We present computational results indicating the capability of the method.
Poly(ionic liquid)s via controlled radical cross-linking copolymerization (2015)

Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization (CMRP) is one of the most efficient techniques to form sequenced copolymers between monomers of very different reactivities(e.g. vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile). CMRP is used here to synthesize nanogels of vinylic ionic liquid monomers using different concentrations of cross-linking agent (here, divinyl imidazolium). The aim is to determine the difference in structure of the nanogels, in order to use them for the preparation of star-like and/or core-shell structures.
A new combined bidirectional boost converter and battery charger for electric vehicles (2015)

In this paper a novel multi-purpose converter for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. This topology, optimized for a full electric drive, satisfies propulsion requirements and allows single phase as well as three-phase AC charging. As compared with the onboard integrated chargers on the market today, this topology enables significant cost, weight and volume reductions. The proposed topology is theoretically analyzed and its validity is verified by simulation.
Nutritional influences on linear growth: a general review. (1994)

The first section of this paper reviews what is known about the roles of specific nutrients in the general linear growth faltering that occurs in developing countries. Those reviewed are energy, protein, zinc, iron, copper, iodine and vitamin A. For none of these nutrients was there clear, consistent evidence that supplementation with the nutrient benefited linear growth. Rather, interventions with each specific nutrient had a positive effect on length gain in some studies, while in others these affected only weight gain or had no effect. Reasons for these conflicting results are suggested, including the strong probability that growth is limited by multiple, simultaneous deficiencies in many populations. This point is illustrated with data from the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) and other reports. Most interventions with single nutrients have been tested on children older than the age when linear growth faltering is most rapid, that is, within a few months of birth. Possible reasons why growth stunting begins so early in life are presented, but these are mostly hypothetical because of the paucity of information on this topic.
The Radical Anion of 2,7‐Diazapyrene, a Change in Orbital Sequence on Protonation (1975)

Abstract ESR.‐spectra are reported for the radical anion I · Θ of 2,7‐diazapyrene (I), along with those for the radical cations I(2H) · ⊕ and I(2 CH 3 ) · ⊕ of 2,7‐dihydro‐2,7‐diazapyrene and its 2,7‐dimethyl‐derivative, respectively. In contrast to the analogous radical ions of 4,4′‐bipyridyl (II) and other previously studied diazaaromatic compounds, there is a striking change in the 14 N and proton coupling constants on going from the radical anion I · Θ to the radical cations I(2H) · ⊕ and I(2 CH 3 ) · ⊕. This change can be rationalized in terms of the HMO model of the pyrene π‐system. A reversal in the energy sequence of the lowest antibonding orbitals is predicted upon an increase in the absolute value of the Coulomb integral for the azasubstituted π‐centres, such an increase simulating the enhanced electronegativity of the azanitrogen atoms 2 and 7 on protonation.
Color Designations for Lights (1943)

An extension of the ISCC-NBS (Inter-Society Color Council—National Bureau of Standards) system of color names for the description of the colors of drugs and medicines, has been made for describing the colors of lights. The color names consist of hue names such as red, pink, yellowish green, or purple without further modifiers since they are intended to differentiate lights chiefly according to hue. The hue names are among those used in the ISCC-NBS system and carry the same meaning. The chromaticity ranges identified by each of these hue names are defined by areas on the ICI chromaticity diagram. Comparisons are made between the centers of the proposed hue-name ranges and similar values by other authorities, and with the standard colors recognized in various specifications for marine, railway, aviation, and traffic signal colors.
A Low-Voltage 2.4GHz VCO with 3D Helical Inductors (2006)

The design of a low-voltage 2.4GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) employing 3D helical inductors fabricated in the 0.18-mum 1P6M CMOS technology is reported. The LC resonators consist of two 3D helical inductors and varactors. The aim of using 3D inductor is to reduce chip size, the inductance of inductor is designed to be 2nH. and the size of the inductor is 155times155 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At the supply voltage of 1.0V, the VCO core consumes power of 2.6mW and the measured phase noise is -116.8dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from the oscillation frequency of 2.46GHz. The output frequency can be tuned from to 2.06GHz to 2.5GHz
On the mechanism of boundary lubrication. II. Wear prevention by addition agents (1940)

Abstract If two metal surfaces slide over each other in the presence of a lubricant and under high load, high pressures and temperatures prevail a t those isolated spots which actually carry the load, leading to wear and possibly to breakdown. The action of wear preventing agents under these conditions has been studied in detail and it has been found that such agents are effective through their chemical polishing action, by which the load becomes distributed over a larger surface and local pressures and temperatures are decreased. Especially effective are compounds containing phosphorus or other elements of group V of the periodic system. These have been found to form a metal phosphide or homolog on the surface which is able to alloy with the metal surface, lowering its melting point markedly, and by this action aiding greatly in maintaining a polish. The wear experiments were carried out with a highly sensitive and accurate method which uses metal-plated steel balls as its sliding elements. Under the experimental conditions additions of 1.5% triphenyl phosphine or triphenyl arsine in white oil gave wear prevention factors of 7.2 and 12.2 respectively (relative to pure white oil). A further addition of 1% of a long chain polar compound is able to double the wear prevention factor obtained with the polishing agents and wear prevention factors as high as 17.6 have been observed. The specifically physical action of the long-chain polar compounds is discussed in the preceding paper.
Effect of magnesium on the properties of ultrafine grained aluminum processing through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) (2010)

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was carried out at room temperature and at 100 °C to refine the grain size of two different aluminium alloys, AA-5050 and AA-5754. AA-5050 contains 1.5 % magnesium and AA-5754 contains 3.3 % magnesium. Optical light microscopy revealed that ultra-fine grain sizes are attained in both alloys. Tensile and compression tests at room temperature shows that the strength increases with an increase in the number of passes but the elongation to failure is decreased. Special attention was paid to the tension and compression asymmetry of the both alloys and it found that the yield strength in the case of tension is almost 25-30 % higher in both alloys. The maximum yield strength observed in AA-5050 after 4 passes during tensile test is 450 MPa at 100 °C while in compression is 356 MPa. In case of AA-5754 this value is 445 MPa in tension and 372 Mpa in compression.
Crack Tip Bridging Ceramics Stresses in Alumina (1992)

Crack tip bridging stresses in three alumina and three duplex ceramics are evaluated with a simple bridging theory, which utilizes the difference in compliance predicted for a crack of known size and that measured. The crack growth resistance (R-curve) behaviour of these ceramic materials is clearly elucidated by the bridging stresses evaluated. In addition, a consecutive cutting technique developed .[br cementitious materials is adopted to progressively remove the crack-wake bridging zone in two of these duplex ceramics. Variation in the unloading compliance and the crack growth resistance during consecutive cutting is observed, which provides further evidence of the predominant contribution of crack-wake bridging to the R-curve behaviour of these ceramic materials. The values obtained.for the magnitude and range of the bridging stresses calculated using this approach are veo' similar to those recently calculated for alumina from direct scanning electron measurements of crack opening displacement o[' the crack tip. Fiir drei Al203-Werkstoffe und drei Verbundwerkstoff'e wurden mittels einer einfachen Briickentheorie die Rifliiberbriickungsspannungen hinter der Ri/3spitze untersucht. Diese Theorie basiert dabei auf dem Unterschied zwischen der gemessenen und der fiir einen Rift mit bekannter Ldnge vorausgesagten elastischen Nachgiebigkeit. Das R-Kurvenverhalten dieser keramisehen Materialien kann eindeutig durch die berechneten Rifliiberbriickungsspannungen erkl6rt werden. Zusdtzlich wurde Jlir zwei der Verbundwerkstoffe eine urspriinglich fiir Zement
mRNA-Seq Reveals Novel Molecular Mechanisms and a Robust Fingerprint in Graves' Disease (2014)

These data reveal an active immune defense system in Graves' disease, which involves novel molecular mechanisms in its pathogenesis and development.
An integrated system for secure code distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

This paper presents a Secure Code Update (SCU) system for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This solution achieves different security goals. First, through a dedicated authentication protocol it provides protection against the corruption of code images during their dissemination. Authentication routines exploit a lightweight asymmetric T-time signature algorithm and allow the out-of-order reception of data blocks. Second, confidentiality is provided through the implementation of an optimized symmetric encryption suite, designed to leverage the processing capabilities offered by typical IEEE 802.15.4 radios. Last, our solution offers protection against denial of service attacks. In the first part of the paper we present the integration of this security system with the SYNAPSE++ reprogramming protocol, focusing on the description of the security suite as well as on its salient implementation aspects. After this, we present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness against security attacks and quantify the loss in performance due to the addition of security components to SYNAPSE++.
Acid- and Base-Stable Porous Organic Cages: Shape Persistence and pH Stability via Post-synthetic “Tying” of a Flexible Amine Cage (2014)

Imine cage molecules can be reduced to amines to improve their chemical stability, but this introduces molecular flexibility. Hence, amine cages tend not to exhibit permanent solid-state porosity. We report a synthetic strategy to achieve shape persistence in amine cages by tying the cage vertices with carbonyls such as formaldehyde. Shape persistence is predicted by conformer stability calculations, providing a design basis for the strategy. The tied cages show enhanced porosity and unprecedented chemical stability toward acidic and basic conditions (pH 1.7-12.3), where many other porous crystalline solids would fail.
Multi-objective optimization by genetic algorithms: a review (2002)

The paper reviews several genetic algorithm (GA) approaches to multi objective optimization problems (MOPs). The keynote point of GAs to MOPs is designing efficient selection/reproduction operators so that a variety of Pareto optimal solutions are generated. From this viewpoint, the paper reviews several devices proposed for multi objective optimization by GAs such as the parallel selection method, the Pareto based ranking, and the fitness sharing. Characteristics of these approaches have been confirmed through computational experiments with a simple example. Moreover, two practical applications of the GA approaches to MOPs are introduced briefly.
A multi-atlas approach to automatic segmentation of the caudate nucleus in MR brain images (2007)

Automatic segmentation of brain structures is an important prerequisite for many applications in neuroscience. In this paper a fully automatic method for segmenting the caudate from 3D MRI brain im- ages is presented. The method is based on multi-atlas registration which has shown to be a powerful concept for segmentation. The results show that the automatic segmentation is similar to segmentations by human observers for routine data and slightly worse but still acceptable for non- routine data.
First confirmed sheep scrapie with A136R154Q171 genotype in Slovakia. (2003)

The first confirmed evidence of scrapie in Slovakia was demonstrated in one sheep of the autochthonous Merino breed from the southeastern part of the country. The reported scrapie was diagnosed during compulsory transmissible spongiform encephalitis (TSE) screening of sheep over 9 months of age assigned for consumption. The positive ewe was 5-year-old, which did not show any clinical signs of scrapie. The presence of the proteinase-resistant prion protein (PrP) in brain was proved independently by two laboratories using two different immunochemical screening systems, namely the Prionics Check (Western blot analysis) and Enfer TSE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the genotyping analysis of PrP gene demonstrated the presence of PrP genotype from the high risk group R4. The affected sheep was homozygous for the allele PrP(ARQ) (ARQ/ARQ) coding for alanine (A), arginine (R) and glutamine (Q) at three most relevant codons (136, 154 and 171, respectively). The healthy sister of the positive ewe was heterozygous in the PrP locus and carried alleles ARQ/ARR.
Gαsprotein binds ubiquitin to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor endosomal sorting (2017)

The Gα<sub>s</sub> subunit is classically involved in the signal transduction of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the plasma membrane. Recent evidence has revealed noncanonical roles for Gα<sub>s</sub> in endosomal sorting of receptors to lysosomes. However, the mechanism of action of Gα<sub>s</sub> in this sorting step is still poorly characterized. Here, we report that Gα<sub>s</sub> interacts with ubiquitin to regulate the endosomal sorting of receptors for lysosomal degradation. We reveal that the N-terminal extremity of Gα<sub>s</sub> contains a ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM), a sorting element usually found in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery responsible for sorting ubiquitinated receptors into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Mutation of the UIM in Gα<sub>s</sub> confirmed the importance of ubiquitin interaction for the sorting of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into ILVs for lysosomal degradation. These findings demonstrate a role for Gα<sub>s</sub> as an integral component of the ubiquitin-dependent endosomal sorting machinery and highlight the dual role of Gα<sub>s</sub> in receptor trafficking and signaling for the fine-tuning of the cellular response.
Merging Digital Medicine and Economics: Two Moving Averages Unlock Biosignals for Better Health (2018)

Algorithm development in digital medicine necessitates ongoing knowledge and skills updating to match the current demands and constant progression in the field. In today's chaotic world there is an increasing trend to seek out simple solutions for complex problems that can increase efficiency, reduce resource consumption, and improve scalability. This desire has spilled over into the world of science and research where many disciplines have taken to investigating and applying more simplistic approaches. Interestingly, through a review of current literature and research efforts, it seems that the learning and teaching principles in digital medicine continue to push towards the development of sophisticated algorithms with a limited scope and has not fully embraced or encouraged a shift towards more simple solutions that yield equal or better results. This short note aims to demonstrate that within the world of digital medicine and engineering, simpler algorithms can offer effective and efficient solutions, where traditionally more complex algorithms have been used. Moreover, the note demonstrates that bridging different research disciplines is very beneficial and yields valuable insights and results.
T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer (2006)

The T-cells of many cancer patients are naturally sensitized to tumor-associated antigens or can readily be sensitized with even simple vaccination maneuvers. Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) constitutes a coordinated effort to harvest and activate such Tcells, propagate them in culture, and adoptively transfer them back into patients as therapy. Recent modifications in culture techniques, coupled with the administration of nonmyeloablative chemotherapy, have markedly improved the clinical impact of AIT in melanoma patients. Whereas such results clearly validate the capacity of AIT to cause regression of macroscopic tumors, not just micrometastases, it remains difficult to predict which patients receiving autologous T-cells will respond to AIT, and it remains poorly understood why tumor regressions tend to be partial and impermanent at best in the clinical setting. Continuing insights from preclinical mouse studies illuminate the complexities of AIT treatment failure and point to many underlying correctable elements, such as the inadvertent coadoptive transfer of passenger suppressor cells and both positive and negative impacts of culture on effector T-cell trafficking and apoptotic susceptibility. In addition, current investigations demonstrate distinctive and often synergistic roles for CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in AIT, which have so far not been superseded merely by giving higher doses of either subset alone. Despite the currently nonoverlapping contributions of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets to therapeutic outcome, it is anticipated that continuing strides in culture techniques may ultimately produce CD4+ and CD8+ subsets that each possess true stand-alone potency as adoptive monotherapy.
Dimroth–Reichardt Et Parameter (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Neuron Activity Dependent Redox Compartmentation Revealed with a Second Generation Red-Shifted Ratiometric Sensor (2020)

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of several aging and trauma related neurological disorders, but the precise details of how altered neuronal activity elicits subcellular redox changes have remained difficult to resolve. Current redox sensitive dyes and fluorescent proteins can quantify spatially distinct changes in reactive oxygen species levels, but multicolor probes are needed to accurately analyze compartment-specific redox dynamics in single cells that can be masked by population averaging. We previously engineered genetically encoded red-shifted redox-sensitive fluorescent protein sensors using a Förster resonance energy transfer relay strategy. Here, we developed a second-generation excitation ratiometric sensor called rogRFP2 with improved red emission for quantitative live-cell imaging. Using this sensor to measure activity-dependent redox changes in individual cultured neurons, we observed an anticorrelation in which mitochondrial oxidation was accompanied by a concurrent reduction in the cytosol. This behavior was dependent on the activity of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and could be modulated by the presence of cocultured astrocytes. We also demonstrated that the red fluorescent rogRFP2 facilitates ratiometric one- and two-photon redox imaging in rat brain slices and Drosophila retinas. Overall, the proof-of-concept studies reported here demonstrate that this new rogRFP2 redox sensor can be a powerful tool for understanding redox biology both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> across model organisms.
[New antitumor derivatives of vinblastine]. (1998)

The alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus vincristine 1 and vinblastine 2 are widely used in the chemotherapy of cancer. Their nitro-derivatives have also antitumour activity [2]. The dinitro-derivatives 4, 6-9 were prepared for pharmacological investigation. Some new hydroxymethyl derivatives 12-14, 17-18, 23-24 of the antitumour indole-indoline alkaloids vinblastine 2 and leurosine 5 were synthetised in two different ways a) by the selective reduction of 2, 5 or deacetoxy-vinblastine 16, b) by the ferric chloride mediated coupling reaction of catharanthine 19 and the corresponding vindoline derivatives 21, 22. Synthetising 24 a new bisvindoline 25 was the main product. 13 and 14 showed cytotoxic activity for small cell lung cancer LXFS 650.
Urethral syndrome. A comparison of different treatment modalities. (1989)

Sixty women with the diagnosis of urethral syndrome were consecutively assigned to one of three treatment modalities. The first group (20 patients) was treated with tetracycline, 2 g/d for ten days. The second group (20 patients) was treated with three serial urethral dilations at two- to three-week intervals, and the third group (20 patients) received placebo for ten days and served as a control group. A detailed clinical evaluation and uroflowmetry were performed before treatment and eight weeks afterwards. A subjective cure, which was defined as an absence of symptoms at the follow-up visits, was achieved in 20% of the placebo group, 50% of the tetracycline group and 75% of the urethral dilation group (P less than .01). An objective improvement in uroflowmetry occurred only in the group treated with serial urethral dilation.