gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐Catalyzed α‐Hydrostannations of Propargylamines as the Key Step in the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production by δ-Opioid Receptors during Glaucomatous Injury (2014)

To determine the roles of nitric oxide in glaucomatous injury and its regulation by δ-opioid-receptor activation, animals were treated with: 1) a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (aminoguanidine; AG; 25 mg/kg, i.p.); 2) δ-opioid-receptor agonist (SNC-121; 1 mg/kg, i.p.); or 3) with both drugs simultaneously for 7 days, once daily. The loss in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) numbers and their function in glaucomatous eyes were significantly improved in the presence of AG or SNC-121; however, we did not see any significant additive or synergistic effects when animals were treated with both drugs simultaneously. The levels of nitrate-nitrite were significantly increased in the glaucomatous retina when compared with normal retina (normal retina 86±9 vs. glaucomatous retina 174±10 mM/mg protein), which was reduced significantly when animals were treated either with SNC-121 (121±7 mM/mg protein; P<0.05) or AG (128±10 mM/mg protein; P<0.05). Additionally, SNC-121-mediated reduction in nitrate-nitrite levels was not only blocked by naltrindole (a δ-opioid-receptor antagonist), but naltrindole treatment potentiated the nitrate-nitrite production in glaucomatous retina (235±4 mM/mg protein; P<0.001). As expected, naltrindole treatment also fully-blocked SNC-121-mediated retina neuroprotection. The nitrotyrosine level in the glaucomatous retina was also increased, which was significantly reduced in the SNC-121-treated animals. Additionally, the expression level of iNOS was clearly increased over the control levels in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerves, which was also reduced by SNC-121 treatment. In conclusion, our data support the notion that nitric oxide plays a detrimental role during glaucomatous injury and inhibition of nitric oxide production provided RGC neuroprotection. Furthermore, δ-opioid receptor activation regulates the production of nitric oxide via inhibiting the activity of iNOS in the retina and optic nerve.
Highly efficient coding schemes for contour lines based on chain code representations (1991)

The encoding schemes utilize the first- and second-order Markov models to describe the source structure. Two coding techniques, Huffman encoding and arithmetic encoding, are used to achieve a high coding efficiency. Universal code tables which match the statistics of contour line drawings obtained from 64 contour maps are presented and can be applied to encode all contour line drawings with chain code representations. Experiments have shown about a 50% improvement on the code amount over the conventional chain encoding scheme with arithmetic coding schemes, and also have shown a compression rate comparable to that obtained by T. Kaneko and M. Okudaira (1985) with Huffman coding schemes, while this implementation is substantially simpler.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimization of oligonucleotide-based DNA microarrays (2002)

Oligonucleotide-based DNA microarrays are becoming increasingly useful for the analysis of gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we report a systematic study of the sensitivity, specificity and dynamic range of microarray signals and their dependence on the labeling and hybridization conditions as well as on the length, concentration, attachment moiety and purity of the oligonucleotides. Both a controlled set of in vitro synthesized transcripts and RNAs from biological samples were used in these experiments. An algorithm is presented that allows the efficient selection of oligonucleotides able to discriminate a single nucleotide mismatch. Critical parameters for various applications are discussed based on statistical analysis of the results. These data will facilitate the design and standardization of custom-made microarrays applicable to gene expression profiling and sequencing analyses.
Kilopixel Pop-Up Bolometer Arrays for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (2007)

The recently deployed Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) anticipates first light on its kilopixel array of close-packed transition-edge-sensor bolometers in November of 2007. The instrument will represent a full implementation of the next-generation, large format arrays for millimeter wave astronomy that use superconducting electronics and detectors. Achieving the practical construction of such an array is a significant step toward producing advanced detector arrays for future SOFIA instruments. We review the design considerations for the detector array produced for the ACT instrument. The first light imager consists of 32 separately instrumented 32-channel pop-up bolometer arrays (to create a 32x32 filled array of mm-wave sensors). Each array is instrumented with a 32-channel bias resistor array, Nyquist filter array, and time-division SQUID multiplexer. Each component needed to be produced in relatively large quantities with suitable uniformity to meet tolerances for array operation. An optical design was chosen to maximize absorption at the focal plane while mitigating reflections and stray light. The pop-up geometry (previously implemented with semiconducting detectors and readout on the SHARC II and HAWC instruments) enabled straightforward interface of the superconducting bias and readout circuit with the 2D array of superconducting bolometers. The array construction program balanced fabrication challenges with assembly challenges to deliver the instrument in a timely fashion. We present some of the results of the array build and characterization of its performance.
Aesthetically pleasing concrete beam and posts bridge rail: Texas type T411 (1989)

Research has developed railing to withstand impact loads from vehicles of ever increasing size; however aesthetic considerations have been overshadowed by safety and structural requirements. The objective of this research study was to develop aesthetically pleasing, structurally sound railings that can serve as alternative railings in city or urban areas. This report presents a new open type concrete bridge rail - Texas Type T411. This bridge rail is constructed of reinforced concrete 32 inches high by 12 inches thick and contains 8 inches wide by 18 inches high openings at 18 inch center to center longitudinal spacing. The bridge rail was crash tested and evaluated in accordance with NCHRP Report 230 for Service Level 2. Two crash tests were required - a 4,500 lb passenger car at 60 mph and 25 degrees impact angle and an 1,800 lb passenger car at 60 mph and 20 degrees impact angle. In both tests the bridge rail contained and redirected the test vehicle. There were no detached elements or debris to present undue hazard to other traffic. The vehicle remained upright and relatively stable during the collision. The occupant/ compartment impact velocities and 10-ms occupant ridedown accelerations were within the limits specified in NCHRP Report 230. The vehicle trajectory at loss of contact indicates no intrusion into adjacent traffic lanes (exit angles of 0 degrees and 5.9 degrees). This test also met the safety evaluation guidelines proposed in the new AASHTO Guide Specification for Bridge Railings (A).
Photoacoustic mammography laboratory prototype: imaging of breast tissue phantoms (2004)

We present a laboratory version of a photoacoustic mammoscope, based on a parallel plate geometry. The instrument is built around a flat high-density ultrasound detector matrix. The light source is a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 5 ns. To test the instrument, a novel photoacoustic phantom is developed using poly(vinyl alcohol) gel, prepared by a simple procedure that imparts optical scattering suggestive of breast tissue to it without the requirement for extraneous scattering particles. Tumor simulating poly(vinyl alcohol) gel spheres appropriately dyed at the time of preparation are characterized for optical absorption coefficients. These are then embedded in the phantom to serve as tumors with absorption contrasts ranging from 2 to 7, with respect to the background. Photoacoustic studies in transmission mode are performed, by acquiring the laser-induced ultrasound signals from regions of interest in the phantom. Image reconstruction is based on a delay-and-sum beamforming algorithm. The results of these studies provide an insight into the capabilities of the prototype. Various recommendations that will guide the evolving of our laboratory prototype into a clinical version are also discussed.
Progress in Mid-IR Lasers Based on Cr and Fe-Doped II–VI Chalcogenides (2014)

Transition metal (TM) doped II-VI chalcogenide laser materials offer a unique blend of physical, spectroscopic, and technological parameters that make them the gain media of choice for cost effective broadly tunable lasing in the Mid-IR. The II-VI semiconductor hosts provide a low phonon cut-off, broad IR transparency, and high thermal conductivity. When doped with transition metal ions, these materials feature ultrabroadband gain, low saturation intensities, and large pump absorption coefficients. This combined with the low-cost mass production technology of crystal fabrication by postgrowth thermal diffusion, as well as broad availability of convenient pump sources, make these materials ideal candidates for broadly tunable mid-IR lasing in CW, gain-switched, free running, and mode-locked regimes of operation. This review summarizes experimental results on optically pumped lasers based on Cr and Fe doped II-VI wide band semiconductors providing access to the 1.9-6 μm spectral range with a high (exceeding 60%) efficiency, multi-Watt-level (18 W in gain switch and 30 W in pure CW) output powers, tunability in excess of 1000 nm, short-pulse (<;50 fs) multi-watt oscillation, multi-Joule long-pulse output energy, and narrow spectral linewidth (<;100 kHz).
Analysis of the Function of a Putative 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric Acid-Dependent Phosphoglycerate Mutase from Bacillus subtilis (2000)

A Bacillus subtilis gene termed yhfR encodes the only B. subtilis protein with significant sequence similarity to 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutases (dPGM). This gene is expressed at a low level during growth and sporulation, but deletion of yhfR had no effect on growth, sporulation, or spore germination and outgrowth. YhfR was expressed in and partially purified from Escherichia coli but had little if any PGM activity and gave no detectable PGM activity in B. subtilis. These data indicate that B. subtilis does not require YhfR and most likely does not require a dPGM.
Nanoporous ultrananocrystalline diamond membranes (2010)

Micro- and nanoporous membranes have a wide range of applications in many fields, including medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and hemodialysis. Ultrananocrystalline diamond coatings are becoming more and more significant in medical applications because of the highest degree of biocompatibility, unmatched by other materials. The pores ranging in diameter from 100 to 2000 nm have been fabricated in a 1-μm-thick ultrananocrystalline diamond film on silicon wafers using e-beam and optical lithography, reactive ion etching, and laser writing.
Adhesion Improvement Mechanism of Polytetrafluoroethylene by Heat-assisted Atmospheric Pressure Glow Plasma Treatment (2022)

The adhesive strength of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film increased drastically by heat-assisted plasma treatment and PTFE indicated cohesive failure inside the PTFE. By increasing the temperature, defluorination progressed. The PTFE treated with H2/He had significantly lower adhesive strength than the PTFE treated with only He. The peak assigned to stretching vibration of -CH2- could be observed only in the film treated with H2/He plasma. From above, we concluded the improvement of the adhesive strength requires the formation of dangling bonds and a crosslinked structure on the PTFE surface.
Emerging therapeutic targets in chronic heart failure: Part II (2003)

Chronic heart failure is characterised by functional deficiencies of the myocardium. Structural abnormalities of the left ventricular wall occur in many cases as a consequence of myocardial infarction (MI). The overburdened postMI heart is characterised by an active reorganisation of the remaining myocardium. Increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases lead to altered composition and arrangement of the extracellular matrix, which is accompanied by eccentric hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. The altered geometry of the heart muscle fosters biomechanical stress, driving the heart into a dead-end situation. Clearly, novel therapeutic concepts must be developed to reverse this process. Part II of the current review will focus on emerging therapeutic targets for small molecule therapeutics in the fields of cardiac remodelling and impaired survival of cardiomyocytes in the diseased heart. Finally, innovative therapeutic concepts for heart gene therapy and replacement options for destroyed post-MI myocardium using embryonic and adult stem cells are described.
Estrogen Receptor α Gene Variation and the Risk of Stroke (2005)

In this study, subjects with the common ESR1 c.454-397CC genotype have a substantial increase in risk of stroke. In another publication, other ESR1 variation was associated with migraine. We thus hypothesize that estrogen receptor variation may provide a basis for the established relationship among estrogens, migraine, and stroke.
Thermal proteome profiling for interrogating protein interactions (2020)

Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) is based on the principle that, when subjected to heat, proteins denature and become insoluble. Proteins can change their thermal stability upon interactions with small molecules (such as drugs or metabolites), nucleic acids or other proteins, or upon post-translational modifications. TPP uses multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to monitor the melting profile of thousands of expressed proteins. Importantly, this approach can be performed in vitro, in situ, or in vivo. It has been successfully applied to identify targets and off-targets of drugs, or to study protein-metabolite and protein-protein interactions. Therefore, TPP provides a unique insight into protein state and interactions in their native context and at a proteome-wide level, allowing to study basic biological processes and their underlying mechanisms.
Adapting computer-human interaction in real time (2002)

There are various types of application-user interactions with different needs. It is almost impossible to define a communication process that covers all communication needs. The solution would be to redefine the dialog process (in run time) to adapt to people with specific characteristics, allowing a user to manage the application easily. We are proposing an independent module that could generate the process of interaction in real time and the communication process from an interpreted script.
Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice (2000)

Krieglstein, Christian F MD; Grisham, Matthew B Ph.D.; Granger, Neil Ph.D. Author Information
Mode area limits in practical single-mode fibers (2005)

The upper limits imposed by bend loss on practical mode size in single-mode holey and step-index fibers are identified for a range of wavelengths. Using these results we quantify the advantages offered by holey fibers.
Understanding Inflation-Indexed Bond Markets (2009)

Michael Pond, and Ralph Segreti
Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (1967)

Abstract This paper discusses the maximum amount of weight that an individual can be expected to lift comfortably and without strain. Recommendations based on empirical estimates, biomechanical techniques, and psychophysical methods are reviewed, including those of the International Labour Office, the Swiss Accident Insurance Institute, the Danish National Association for Infantile Paralysis, and the U. S. Air Force. The approach used in two Air Force experiments is identified as a variation of the psychophysical method of magnitude production. An improved experimental design is described which includes the following advantages: (1) The control of additional variables not considered in previous studies. (2) Experimental controls and statistical procedures found necessary for use in psychophysical experiments. (3) Instructions and tasks which are more applicable to industrial situations. (4) Subjects who are experienced industrial workers, older and better conditioned to the lifting task. The results collected to date are discussed and compared with those of other investigators.
Special Issue: Steelmaking. "2 Strands-2 Machines" Operation in the Second Continuous Caster at Chita Plant, Daido Steel Co., Ltd.. (1995)

A new continuous caster (No.2 CC) was installed in Chita Plant, Daido Steel Co., Ltd. in January 1992, adjacent to No. 1 CC.It has 4 strands, but we can choose 2 types of operation. One is conventional 4 strands-1 machine operation. The other is 2 strands-2 machines operation, productivity and cost efficiency can be improved in casting for small lot production with various steel grades.The features in both equipment and operating technology for 2 strands-2 machines operation are summerized as follows.(1) Two ladle cars, four tundish cars and two tundish turn tables, which covers two tundish cars each, are equipped so that tundish can be exchanged individually.(2) The centralized monitoring system with CRT which combines electrical and instrumental control is versatile for flexible operation.(3) Mould powder has been improved in physical properties (higher solidifying temperature, higher basicity) in order to produce good surface quality for stainless steels.(4) To reduce refractory cost, tundish recycle operation in hot condition has been developed with nozzle washing technology.2 Strands-2 machines operation has been enlarged up to 60% in No.2CC, and tundish refractory cost and yield loss have been reduced remarkably.
FPH: First-class Polymorphism for Haskell Declarative, Constraint-free Type Inference for Impredicative Polymorphism (2008)

Languages supporting polymorphism typically have ad-hoc restrictions on where polymorphic types may occur. Supporting “firstclass” polymorphism, by lifting those restrictions, is obviously desirable, but it is hard to achieve this without sacrificing type inference. We present a new type system for higher-rank and impredicative polymorphism that improves on earlier proposals: it is an extension of Damas-Milner; it relies only on System F types; it has a simple, declarative specification; it is robust to program transformations; and it enjoys a complete and decidable type inference algorithm. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [PROGRAMMING
High-Frequency Flame Oscillation Observed at a Coaxial LOX/LH2 Injector Element (2008)

To study the mechanism of the initiation of combustion instability as hydrogen injection temperature decreases, a hydrogen temperature ramping test was conducted with a single coaxial injection element with LOX/LH2 at a chamber pressure of 8.0 MPa. Two types of injectors were used in the tests. One employed a straight bore LOX post and the other employed a taper-reamed LOX post for better atomization of LOX. The combustion flame was visualized with a high-speed video camera at a rate of 6,000 frames per second. Results showed that unstable combustion was initiated when the hydrogen injection temperature decreased to less than a certain cryogenic temperature. By observing the movement of the prominent pattern of OH emission on the flame, the flame was found to propagate downstream at a constant speed with the flame angle remaining constant during stable combustion. On the other hand, injection pressure peaks appeared during unstable combustion. In this case, a block of flame with strong OH emission was occasionally observed. A block of flame caught up with an anterior block and coalesced into a large block with strong OH emission. This coalesced block of the flame is herein termed “flame burst”.
Online Figure 2 from Predicting the 1p/19q Codeletion Status of Presumed Low-Grade Glioma with an Externally Validated Machine Learning Algorithm (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Overview of importance of imaging and demographic features&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Oxidation of Vanadyl Complexes Containing Bispidine Ligands (2006)

Abstract The reaction of 3‐methyl‐9‐oxo‐7‐picolyl‐2,4‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐1,5‐dicarboxylate (L 2 ) with vanadyl sulfate in methanol yields the purple complex[V IV =O(L 2′ )](ClO 4 ) 2 , where L 2 is hydrated to the corresponding 9‐diol L 2′ . The crystal structure of [V IV =O(L 2′ )](ClO 4 ) 2 has a saturated coordination sphere with a long bond to the tertiary amine N7 trans to the oxido group (2.36 Å). Oxidation of [V IV =O(L 2′ )](ClO 4 ) 2 with an excess of aqueous hydrogen peroxide yields the orange complex [V V =O(O 2 )(L 2′ )]ClO 4 . This can be further oxidized with Ce 4+ in MeCN at –40 °Cto the unstable vanadium(V)‐oxidosuperoxido complex [V V =O(O 2 )(L 2′ )] 2+ , as shown by EPR spectroscopy. The X‐ray crystal structure of [V V =O(O 2 )(L 2′ )]ClO 4 shows that the N7‐pendant pyridine donor is dissociated and the V–N7 bond is elongated (2.56 Å). The O–O distance of the side‐on bound peroxide in [V V =O(O 2 )(L 2′ )]ClO 4 is unexpectedly short (1.28 Å) and is therefore in the range which is typical for a superoxido group. However, the IR spectrum of [V V =O(O 2 )(L 2′ )]ClO 4 shows 18 O isotope shifts, which support the assignment as a peroxido complex, and this is also supported by EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis. The short O–O bond is attributed to a static disorder rather than to libration of the “non‐rigid” peroxido group.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cyclophilin A Is Not Acetylated at Lysine-82 and Lysine-125 in Resting and Stimulated Platelets (2022)

Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is widely expressed by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Upon activation, CyPA can be released into the extracellular space to engage in a variety of functions, such as interaction with the CD147 receptor, that contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. CyPA was recently found to undergo acetylation at K82 and K125, two lysine residues conserved in most species, and these modifications are required for secretion of CyPA in response to cell activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Herein we addressed whether acetylation at these sites is also required for the release of CyPA from platelets based on the potential for local delivery of CyPA that may exacerbate cardiovascular disease events. Western blot analyses confirmed the presence of CyPA in human and mouse platelets. Thrombin stimulation resulted in CyPA release from platelets; however, no acetylation was observed-neither in cell lysates nor in supernatants of both untreated and activated platelets, nor after immunoprecipitation of CyPA from platelets. Shotgun proteomics detected two CyPA peptide precursors in the recombinant protein, acetylated at K28, but again, no acetylation was found in CyPA derived from resting or stimulated platelets. Our findings suggest that acetylation of CyPA is not a major protein modification in platelets and that CyPA acetylation is not required for its secretion from platelets.