gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The decoupled control of reactive power in medium/low voltage distribution networks including distributed generation (2015)

Aiming at the status that small distributed generation can't be controlled uniformly, a decoupled control of reactive power in medium/low voltage distribution networks including distributed generation is proposed in this paper, based upon the analysis of the mechanism of power losses and voltage drop in distribution networks. The proposed method including the laddered control of distributed generators and low voltage capacitors, which can adapt to the time-variant loads of distribution networks according to the ladder diagram of power factor, and just need the related data of points of common coupling and the load side. Through the continuous power flow simulations of a distribution feeder with its loads data in some day, the results show that the proposed method performs excellently in reducing power loss, improving the voltage qualification rate and avoiding the frequent operation of reactive power compensators.
Cyanobacterial toxins: biosynthetic routes and evolutionary roots (2012)

Cyanobacteria produce an unparalleled variety of toxins that can cause severe health problems or even death in humans, and wild or domestic animals. In the last decade, biosynthetic pathways have been assigned to the majority of the known toxin families. This review summarizes current knowledge about the enzymatic basis for the production of the hepatotoxins microcystin and nodularin, the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin, the neurotoxins anatoxin and saxitoxin, and the dermatotoxin lyngbyatoxin. Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of the toxins has paved the way for the development of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of the producing cyanobacteria in different environments. Phylogenetic analyses of related clusters from a large number of strains has also allowed for the reconstruction of the evolutionary scenarios that have led to the emergence, diversification, and loss of such gene clusters in different strains and genera of cyanobacteria. Advances in the understanding of toxin biosynthesis and evolution have provided new methods for drinking-water quality control and may inspire the development of techniques for the management of bloom formation in the future.
Can history, ultrasound, or ELISA chlamydial antibodies, alone or in combination, predict tubal factor infertility in subfertile women? (2003)

Medical history, TVU appearances, and ELISA IgG CAT alone, or in combination, failed to predict accurately TFI in subfertile women.
A joint industry‐sponsored data monitoring committee model for observational, retrospective drug safety studies in the real‐world setting (2020)

To our knowledge, we have established the first DMC model for joint industry-sponsored, observational, retrospective safety studies. This model could serve as a precedent for others performing similar post-marketing, joint industry-sponsored pharmacovigilance activities.
INTERACTION OF VITAMIN C AND IRON* (1980)

Food iron is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa from two separate pools of heme and nonheme iron. Heme iron, derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin, is well absorbed and relatively little affected by other foods eaten in the same meal. On the other hand, the absorption of nonheme iron, the major dietary pool, is greatly influenced by meal composition. Ascorbic acid is a powerful enhancer of nonheme iron absorption and can reverse the inhibiting effect of such substances as tea and calcium/phosphate. Its influence may be less pronounced in meals of high iron availability--those containing meat, fish, or poultry. The enhancement of iron absorption from vegetable meals is directly proportional to the quantity of ascorbic acid present. The absorption of soluble inorganic iron added to a meal increases in parallel with the absorption of nonheme iron, but ascorbic acid has a much smaller effect on insoluble iron compounds, such as ferric oxide or ferric hydroxide, which are common food contaminants. Ascorbic acid facilitates iron absorption by forming a chelate with ferric iron at acid pH that remains soluble at the alkaline pH of the duodenum. High cost and instability during food storage are the major obstacles to using ascorbic acid in programs designed to combat nutritional iron deficiency anemia.
Uranium Immobilization through Fe(II) bio-oxidation: A Column study (2014)

Current research on the bioremediation of heavy metals and radionuclides is focused on the ability of reducing organisms to use these metals as alternative electron acceptors in the absence of oxygen and thus precipitate them out of solution. However, many aspects of this proposed scheme need to be resolved, not the least of which is the time frame of the treatment process. Once treatment is complete and the electron donor addition is halted, the system will ultimately revert back to an oxic state and potentially result in the abiotic reoxidation and remobilization of the immobilized metals. In addition, the possibility exists that the presence of more electropositive electron acceptors such as nitrate or oxygen will also stimulate the biological oxidation and remobilization of these contaminants. The selective nitrate-dependent biooxidation of added Fe(II) may offer an effective means of “capping off” and completing the attenuation of these contaminants in a reducing environment making the contaminants less accessible to abiotic and biotic reactions and allowing the system to naturally revert to an oxic state. Our previous DOE-NABIR funded studies demonstrated that radionuclides such as uranium and cobalt are rapidly removed from solution during the biogenic formation of Fe(III)-oxides. In the case of uranium, X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the uranium was in the hexavalent form (normally soluble) and was bound to the precipitated Fe(III)-oxides thus demonstrating the bioremediative potential of this process. We also demonstrated that nitrate-dependent Fe(II)- oxidizing bacteria are prevalent in the sediment and groundwater samples collected from sites 1 and 2 and the background site of the NABIR FRC in Oakridge, TN. However, all of these studies were performed in batch experiments in the laboratory with pure cultures and although a significant amount was learned about the microbiology of nitrate-dependent bio-oxidation of Fe(II), the effects of complex processes (such as advective flow) present in the natural environment are unknown. The objective of the current studies was to address some of these short-comings in an attempt to develop this bioremediative strategy into a robust, field applicable technology. This objective was approached by both pure culture studies investigating the mechanism of Fe(II) oxidation by nitrate reducing bacteria and examining the flow dynamics and microbial processes in advective flow columns amended with Fe(II) and nitrate over an extended period.
Compact Metallic Reflectance Models (1999)

The paper presents simple, physically plausible, but not physically based reflectance models for metals and other specular materials. So far there has been no metallic BRDF model that is easy to compute, suitable for fast importance sampling and is physically plausible. This gap is filled by appropriate modifications of the Phong, Blinn and the Ward models. The Phong and the Blinn models are known not to have metallic characteristics. On the other hand, this paper also shows that the Cook‐Torrance and the Ward models are not physically plausible, because of their behavior at grazing angles. We also compare the previous and the newly proposed models. Finally, the generated images demonstrate how the metallic impression can be provided by the new models.
Distinct methylation states of the CD8 beta gene in peripheral T cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (1997)

The CD8 coreceptor is expressed on both immature and mature T cells as either an alphabeta heterodimer or an alpha alpha homodimer. Thymocytes and peripheral T cells express CD8 alphabeta, whereas TCR alphabeta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) express CD8 alpha alpha or CD8 alphabeta, and the majority of TCR gammadelta+ IEL bear CD8 alpha alpha. The presence of CD8 beta enhances the signaling and adhesion properties of the CD8 alphabeta coreceptor and is necessary for efficient T cell development in the thymus, but is not required for the extrathymic maturation of CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL. To address whether CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL express CD8 beta during their development, we examined the methylation state of cytosines in the CD8 beta gene 5' regulatory region to identify those for which the methylation state inversely correlates with expression of the CD8 beta protein. We identified four such cytosines that were demethylated in CD8 beta-expressing thymocytes and T cells. Interestingly, these cytosines were also demethylated in CD4+ lymph node T cells that had transiently expressed CD8 beta during their development. The methylation state of these cytosines was examined in DNA purified from TCR alphabeta+ CD8 alpha alpha+ and TCR alphabeta+ CD8 alphabeta+ IEL, as well as from TCR gammadelta+ CD8 alpha alpha+ and CD3- CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL. The methylation pattern for TCR alphabeta+ CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL DNA was distinct from that seen for DNA from CD4+ lymph node cells, suggesting that TCR alphabeta+ CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL have not previously expressed CD8 beta. Analysis of DNA from CD3- CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL indicated that the unique methylation pattern of the CD8 beta gene in TCR alphabeta+ CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL DNA was not due to transcription of the CD8 alpha gene or the influence of the gut microenvironment.
Short communications (1990)

A case of hydrops fetalis caused by massive fetomaternal hemorrhage was initially successfully treated by intrauterine intravascular transfusion. Unexplained intrauterine death occurred 2 weeks afterwards. The investigation of fetomaternal hemorrhage by fetal blood sampling and the management are discussed.
Carboxyl-Group Footprinting Maps the Dimerization Interface and Phosphorylation-induced Conformational Changes of a Membrane-associated Tyrosine Kinase (2011)

Her4 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the ErbB-EGFR family. It plays a vital role in the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and mutations in Her4 have been found in melanoma and lung cancer. The kinase domain of Her4 forms a dimer complex, called the asymmetric dimer, which results in kinase activation. Although a crystal structure of the Her4 asymmetric dimer is known, the dimer affinity and the effect of the subsequent phosphorylation steps on kinase domain conformation are unknown. We report here the use of carboxyl-group footprinting MS on a recombinant expressed, Her4 kinase-domain construct to address these questions. Carboxyl-group footprinting uses a water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, in the presence of glycine ethyl ester, to modify accessible carboxyl groups on glutamate and aspartate residues. Comparisons of Her4 kinase-domain monomers versus dimers and of unphosphorylated versus phosphorylated dimers were made to map the dimerization interface and to determine phosphorylation induced-conformational changes. We detected 37 glutamate and aspartate residues that were modified, and we quantified their extents of modification by liquid chromatography MS. Five residues showed changes in carboxyl-group modification. Three of these residues are at the predicted dimer interface, as shown by the crystal structure, and the remaining two residues are on loops that likely have altered conformation in the kinase dimer. Incubating the Her4 kinase dimers with ATP resulted in dramatic increase in Tyr-850 phosphorylation, located on the activation loop, and this resulted in a conformational change in this loop, as evidenced by reduction in carboxyl-group modification. The kinase monomer-dimer equilibrium was measured using a titration format in which the extent of carboxyl-group footprinting was mathematically modeled to give the dimer association constant (1.5-6.8 × 10(12) dm(2)/mol). This suggests that the kinase-domain makes a significant contribution to the overall dimerization affinity of the full-length Her4 protein.
Influence of esterified-glucomannan on performance and organ morphology, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicosis (aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 toxin) (2000)

1. A study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of aflatoxin B1 (AF), ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on performance, organ morphology serum biochemistry and haematology of broiler chickens and the efficacy of esterified-glucomannan (E-GM), a cell wall derivative of Saccharomyces cerevisiae1026 in their counteraction. 2. Two dietary inclusion rates of AF (0 and 0.3 mg/kg), OA (0 and 2 mg/kg), T-2 (0 and 3 mg/kg) and E-GM (0 and 1 g/kg) were tested in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial manner on a total of 960 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 d of age in an open sided deep litter pen house. 3. Body weight and food intake were depressed by all the mycotoxins, OA being the most toxic during early life. 4. Weights of kidney and adrenals were increased by AF and OA. Liver weight was increased by AF (17.8%), while OA increased gizzard weight (14.6%) and reduced bone ash content (8.1%). T-2 toxin showed no effect on these variables. 5. Serum cholesterol content was decreased and activity of serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) was increased by AF and OA while serum protein content was decreased by AF. These effects were more pronounced at 21 d than at 35 d of age. Inconsistent responses were seen in the other variables: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content, activities of serum alanine amino transferase and aspertate amino transferase. Blood haemoglobin content was depressed by AF and T-2, whereas blood coagulation time was prolonged by OA. 6. Significant interactions were observed between any 2 toxins for their additive effects on body weight, food intake, bone ash content and serum GGT activity at 21 d. Conversely, antagonistic interactions were observed among any 2 of the toxins for their effects on variables such as serum protein and serum cholesterol content. Simultaneous feeding of all 3 mycotoxins did not show increased toxicity above that seen with any 2. 7. Esterified-glucomannan increased body weight (2.26%) and food intake (1.6%), decreased weights of liver (32.5%) and adrenals (18.9%) and activity of serum GGT (8.7%), and increased serum protein (14.7%), cholesterol (21.9%), BUN (20.8%) and blood haemoglobin (3.1%) content, indicating its possible beneficial effect on mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for tRNA Mutant Analysis (1997)

In analogy to two-dimensional analysis, the mobility shift in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) due to a nucleotide substitution of a single-stranded transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) fragment serves as the first dimension for tRNA mutation analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), as the second dimension, allows precise determination of the mass of the tRNA fragments resolved by native PAGE. Off-line combination of native PAGE with MALDI-MS is demonstrated for high-resolution analysis of tRNAval and its mutants, including a three-nucleotide deletion and 12 single-base substitutions. Three approaches, including direct extraction of tRNAs from gel into buffer solution, dissolution of membrane in the matrix solution, and direct desorption of tRNAs from the membrane, are studied for coupling native PAGE with MALDI-MS. The membrane dissolution method is simple, and the resulting mixture is amenable to MALDI-MS analysis. In the membrane dissolution method, as little as 1 microg or 40 pmol of tRNA sample is loaded on a native gel, separated, capillary eluted onto a nitrocellulose membrane, and recovered using the matrix solution of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone in acetone.
ZINC AND SELENIUM DYSHOMEOSTASIS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH AND WITHOUT HEART FAILURE. (2007)

Purpose Zn and Se are micronutrients that play numerous biologic roles in many tissues, including their contribution to antioxidant defenses provided by oxidoreductases Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and Se-glutathione peroxidase. Dietary deficiencies of Zn and Se have each been associated with the appearance of a dilated, often reversible, cardiomyopathy. Preliminary studies in 40 African Americans (AAs) with heart failure suggested the presence of hypozincemia in 60% and hyposelenemia in 82% (J Invest Med 2006;54 Suppl 1:S302). Herein we report on serum Zn and Se levels in 75 AAs: 61 with CHF and 14 without heart failure. Methods and Results In AAs followed at the Regional Medical Center in Memphis, we monitored serum Zn (normal 75-140 μg/dL) and Se (normal 85-125 μg/L): 20 (12 M, 8 F; 53.5 ± 2.7 years) were hospitalized with decompensated failure of protracted (D ≥ 4 weeks) duration and 23 (16 M, 7 F; 49.7 ± 2.6 years) were inpatients with CHF of shorter duration (D 1-2 wks) due to either a dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction ( Hypozincemia and hyposelenemia were respectively prevalent in AAs: 70% and 100% with D ≥ 4 weeks, 74% and 96% with D 1-2 weeks, 61% and 94% with Comp failure, and 79% and 100% Cont. Conclusions Hypozincemia and especially hyposelenemia are prevalent in AAs with either compensated or decompensated heart failure and those without heart failure. The origins of Zn and Se dyshomeostasis in AA living in Memphis remain to be elucidated.
IMMU-60. PD-L1 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH GLIOMA MOLECULAR SUBTYPES: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS (2017)

The development of immune checkpoint blockade therapy has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. The use of inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and/or its ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown activity in several cancer types and is currently being tested in glioma clinical trials. Previous reports suggested that therapeutic responses are more frequent in patients with higher expression of PD-L1; however, this has been disputed. We aim to evaluate PD-L1 expression in glioma samples and its association with clinical and molecular features. We used protein expression, RNA expression, and DNA methylation data from glioma samples profiled by TCGA (n=1,122). PD-L1 protein and CD274(PD-L1) gene expression were positively correlated (p<0.001). PD-L1 expression was upregulated in IDH-wildtype gliomas compared to IDH-mutant (p<0.001) and was associated with poor overall survival (HR=2.392, p<0.001). When PD-L1 was evaluated in the context of recently described TCGA glioma molecular subtypes, we found high PD-L1 expression in the mesenchymal-like and classic-like subtypes, which present poor outcome among all gliomas. Interestingly, PD-L1 protein expression is the lowest in the G-CIMP-low subgroup, which has a GBM-like molecular phenotype and overall poor outcome among IDH-mutants. In fact, within IDH-mutant cohort, PD-L1 expression did not correlate with clinical outcome. We found higher promoter methylation of PD-L1 in IDH-mutant tumors compared to IDH-wildtype. PD-L1 promoter methylation was negatively correlated with PD-L1 gene expression suggesting an epigenetic regulation of PD-L1. Our findings suggest that G-CIMP-low, which has low expression of PD-L1, might not benefit from PD1/PD-L1 blockade. Therefore, we suggest that glioma molecular subtypes should be considered in PD-L1 blockade clinical trial design. Moreover, since PD-L1 expression seems to be regulated by promoter methylation, adding demethylating agents to immunotherapy may improve therapeutic outcomes in gliomas. Further exploration into the mechanisms of tumor immunity and its epigenetic regulation is warranted.
Evaluation of the Histomorphometric and Micromorphometric Performance of a Serum Albumin-Coated Bone Allograft Combined with A-PRF for Early and Conventional Healing Protocols after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2021)

The aim of this study was to compare the microarchitecture of augmented bone following maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) after healing periods of 3 (test) and 6 (control) months using the combination of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and a serum albumin-coated bone allograft (SACBA). Twenty-six patients with 30 surgical sites who required two-stage MSA were enrolled and grafted with the combination of A-PRF and SACBAs. The surgical sites were randomly allocated to the test or control group. During implant site preparation, 17 bone core biopsy samples were collected from each study group for histological, histomorphometric and micromorphometric analysis. Resonance frequency analysis was performed at the time of implant placement and 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The percentage of newly formed bone was 44.89 ± 9.49% in the test group and 39.75 ± 8.15% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.100). The results of the µCT analysis showed no significant differences in morphometric parameters between the study groups. The implant stability quotient was not significantly different between the two groups at 10 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Based on these findings, the total treatment time may be reduced by 3 months with the use of A-PRF and SACBAs for two-stage MSA.
Non-destructive ripeness sensing using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, paper NO-P7-22 (1990)

[Notes_IRSTEA]graph., sch., bibl.
Mode Estimation for High Dimensional Discrete Tree Graphical Models. (2014)

This paper studies the following problem: given samples from a high dimensional discrete distribution, we want to estimate the leading (δ, ρ)-modes of the underlying distributions. A point is defined to be a (δ, ρ)-mode if it is a local optimum of the density within a δ-neighborhood under metric ρ. As we increase the “scale” parameter δ, the neighborhood size increases and the total number of modes monotonically decreases. The sequence of the (δ, ρ)-modes reveal intrinsic topographical information of the underlying distributions. Though the mode finding problem is generally intractable in high dimensions, this paper unveils that, if the distribution can be approximated well by a tree graphical model, mode characterization is significantly easier. An efficient algorithm with provable theoretical guarantees is proposed and is applied to applications like data analysis and multiple predictions.
In-pipe Robot with Active Steering Capability for Moving Inside of Pipelines (2007)

In this chapter we presented the robotic systems MRINSPECT series for a long-distance inspection of pipelines. The systems show outstanding mobility and several characteristic features, which make it possible to apply the proposed systems in pipelines with complicate geometries regardless of the effect of gravity, its postures, and the direction of moving. Though the algorithms were described based on MRINSPECT series, the ideas can be generalized to the other robots. However, according to our experiences on this work, the mechanism of the in-pipe robot should be adaptable to the characteristic condition of the pipelines and it is the preliminary requirement for the successful movement. The use of a general- purpose robot may not be possible in in-pipe applications. For that means, MRINSPECT series has the possibility of being used in practical applications, although it is still under improvement through testing in the field conditions. In the near future, field tests will be conducted with the system and the system is to be modified according to the results of field evaluation.