gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asia Pacific Super Grid – Solar electricity generation, storage and distribution (2012)

Abstract This paper explores the large scale transmission of solar electricity to Southeast Asia from Australia. Despite the expense and losses incurred in long distance transmission of Australian solar electricity, it appears to be competitive with locally produced solar electricity because of high insolation levels in Australia. Supplementation of locally produced electricity (both from renewable and conventional sources) with power from Australia, together with substantial integrated energy storage, would allow a high solar electricity fraction to be achieved in Southeast Asia.
An unnecessary generic name in Exoplectrini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (2007)

Gordon, Robert (2007): An unnecessary generic name in Exoplectrini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Insecta Mundi 2007 (10): 1-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10081025
Temperature-Directed Assembly of Stacked Toroidal Nanorattles (2017)

Here, we have developed a new methodology to obtain a pure population of well-defined and new kinetically trapped structures directly in water, inaccessible by other self-assembly techniques. We have exemplified this method through the synthesis of stacked toroidal micelles trapped into a nanorattle with multiple and orthogonal surface chemical functionality. These unique polymer nanorattles result from a water-surrounded inner core (or yolk) of stacked toroidal micelles encapsulated by a shell of stacked toroids. The nanorattles were monodispersed and could be freeze-dried and rehydrated without a change in the nanorattle structure. Confirmation of the kinetically trapped nanorattle structure was through the release of the individual stacked toroids using a plasticizer. Our approach provides a strategy for the synthesis of unique nanostructures that have the potential to be coupled with biological molecules and probes capable of performing multiple tasks and functions.
gem‐Difluoromethylene Alkyne‐Enabled Diverse C−H Functionalization and Application to the on‐DNA Synthesis of Difluorinated Isocoumarins (2020)

Using gem-difluoromethylene alkynes as effectors, unprecedented diverse C-H activation/[4+2] annulations of simple benzoic acids are reported. The chemodivergent reaction outcomes are well-tuned by Rh/Ir-catalyzed system; in the Rh<sup>III</sup> catalysis, 3-alkenyl-1H-isochromen-1-one and 3,4-dialkylideneisochroman-1-one skeletons are afforded in a solvent-dependent manner whereas difluoromethylene-substituted 1H-isochromen-1-ones are generated under the Ir<sup>III</sup> -catalyzed system. Mechanistic studies revealed that unusually double β-F eliminations and fluorine effect-induced regioselective reductive elimination are independently involved to enable distinct reaction modes for divergent product formations. Besides, synthetic application in both the derivatization of obtained diene products and the on-DNA synthesis of DNA-tagged difluorinated isocoumarin have been demonstrated, which manifested great potential for synthetic utility of the developed protocols.
Germ Line Deletion Reveals a Nonessential Role of Atypical Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 3 (2019)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (MAPK6/ERK3) is an atypical member of the MAPKs. An essential role has been suggested by the perinatal lethal phenotype of ERK3 knockout mice carrying a <i>lacZ</i> insertion in exon 2 due to pulmonary dysfunction and by defects in function, activation, and positive selection of T cells. To study the role of ERK3 <i>in vivo</i>, we generated mice carrying a conditional <i>Erk3</i> allele with exon 3 flanked by <i>loxP</i> sites. Loss of ERK3 protein was validated after deletion of Erk3 in the female germ line using zona pellucida 3 (Zp3)-<i>cre</i> and a clear reduction of the protein kinase MK5 is detected, providing the first evidence for the existence of the ERK3/MK5 signaling complex <i>in vivo</i> In contrast to the previously reported Erk3 knockout phenotype, these mice are viable and fertile and do not display pulmonary hypoplasia, acute respiratory failure, abnormal T-cell development, reduction of thymocyte numbers, or altered T-cell selection. Hence, ERK3 is dispensable for pulmonary and T-cell functions. The perinatal lethality and lung and T-cell defects of the previous ERK3 knockout mice are likely due to ERK3-unrelated effects of the inserted <i>lacZ</i>-neomycin resistance cassette. The knockout mouse of the closely related atypical MAPK ERK4/MAPK4 is also normal, suggesting redundant functions of both protein kinases.
Optimization and Evaluation of Variability in the Programming Window of a Flash Cell With Molecular Metal–Oxide Storage (2014)

We report a modeling study of a conceptual nonvolatile memory cell based on inorganic molecular metal-oxide clusters as a storage media embedded in the gate dielectric of a MOSFET. For the purpose of this paper, we developed a multiscale simulation framework that enables the evaluation of variability in the programming window of a flash cell with sub-20-nm gate length. Furthermore, we studied the threshold voltage variability due to random dopant fluctuations and fluctuations in the distribution of the molecular clusters in the cell. The simulation framework and the general conclusions of our work are transferrable to flash cells based on alternative molecules used for a storage media.
Pattern control of a 1/4 λ monopole antenna on a handset by passive loading (2002)

The radiation patterns of a 1/4 /spl lambda/ monopole antenna for a portable handset deteriorate when the size of the handset is about a wavelength. In Japan, digital cordless telephone system PHP (Personal Handy Phone) will be operated at 1.9GHz band. Therefore the control of its patterns and the quantitative prediction of the radiation patterns are important for the design of the antenna for a portable handset. First, the authors show that the desired radiation patterns can be obtained by controlling the radiation patterns of a 1/4 /spl lambda/ monopole antenna on a handset using a passive load connecting two conducting boxes in the handset. Second, the radiation patterns of a optimum passive load have some preferable characteristics. The handset is modeled by two finite conducting plates which are connnected by a passive load. The radiation patterns for various passive loads have been calculated using the method of moments of rectangular patch modeling and the results have agreed well with the experiments.
Investigation on the Influence of Particle Size and Concentration on the Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Aluminium Particle Containing Gels with an Impinging Jet Injector (2007)

The performance characteristics of various aluminized gelled fuels were determined in a detailed investigation concerning their rheological, spray and combustion properties. The viscosity properties were obtained for gels with different grades of Al particles with Sauter diameters in the range between 0.76 µm and 190 µm. For the determination of the atomization characteristics with a doublet like-on-like impinging jet injector setup 4 particle grades were selected. The results show that the curves for the Sauter diameters of the droplets in dependence of the jet velocity are in a similar range, whereas the measured diameters decrease with increasing gel jet velocity. The combustion characteristics of a selected gel in a combustion chamber under ramjet relevant conditions at 6 and 11 bar were obtained. They show higher efficiencies at the higher combustor pressure level and in general increasing efficiencies with increasing jet exit velocities.
Exploring the performance benefits of end-to-end path switching (2004)

This work explores the feasibility of improving the performance of end-to-end data transfers between different sites through path switching. Our study is focused on both the logic that controls path switching decisions and the configurations required to achieve sufficient path diversity. Specifically, we investigate two common approaches offering path diversity multi-homing and overlay networks - and investigate their characteristics in the context of a representative wide-area testbed. We explore the end-to-end delay and loss characteristics of different paths and find that substantial improvements can potentially be achieved by path switching, especially in lowering end-to-end losses. Based on this assessment, we develop a simple path-switching mechanism capable of realizing those performance improvements. Our experimental study demonstrates that substantial performance improvements are indeed achievable using this approach.
Biocompatible Micron‐Scale Silk Fibers Fabricated by Microfluidic Wet Spinning (2021)

For successful material deployment in tissue engineering, the material itself, its mechanical properties, and the microscopic geometry of the product are of particular interest. While silk is a widely applied protein-based tissue engineering material with strong mechanical properties, the size and shape of artificially spun silk fibers are limited by existing processes. This study adjusts a microfluidic spinneret to manufacture micron-sized wet-spun fibers with three different materials enabling diverse geometries for tissue engineering applications. The spinneret is direct laser written (DLW) inside a microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip using two-photon lithography, applying a novel surface treatment that enables a tight print-channel sealing. Alginate, polyacrylonitrile, and silk fibers with diameters down to 1 µm are spun, while the spinneret geometry controls the shape of the silk fiber, and the spinning process tailors the mechanical property. Cell-cultivation experiments affirm bio-compatibility and showcase an interplay between the cell-sized fibers and cells. The presented spinning process pushes the boundaries of fiber fabrication toward smaller diameters and more complex shapes with increased surface-to-volume ratio and will substantially contribute to future tailored tissue engineering materials for healthcare applications.
8 Bit 1 ns monolithic DAC (1987)

A high speed and high accuracy digital to analog converter (DAC) is required for a high speed analog LSI tester, a high resolution display and an electron beam pattern drawing system. Recently, an 8 bit resolution, 2 ns settling time monolithic DAC had been developed for these applications (1). New circuit technologies and chip assembly technology were developed in order to improve settling characteristics. Utilizing these technologies an 8 bit bipolar monolithic DAC with fast settling time of 1 ns was realized.
The Relationship between Leaf Nitrogen Content and Photosynthesis in Apple Leaves (1996)

Fertigation of young Fuji/M26 apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) with different nitrogen concentrations by using a modified Hoagland solution for 6 weeks resulted in a wide range of leaf nitrogen content in recently expanded leaves (from 0.9 to 4.4 g·m –2 ). Net photosynthesis at ambient CO 2 , carboxylation efficiency, and CO 2 -saturated photosynthesis of recently expanded leaves were closely related to leaf N content expressed on both leaf area and dry weight basis. They all increased almost linearly with increase in leaf N content when leaf N &lt; 2.4 g·m –2 , leveled off when leaf N increased further. The relationship between stomatal conductance and leaf N content was similar to that of net photosynthesis with leaf N content, but leaf intercellular CO 2 concentration tended to decrease with increase in leaf N content, indicating non-stomatal limitation in leaves with low N content. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency was high when leaf N &lt; 2.4 g·m –2 , but decreased with further increase in leaf N content. Due to the correlation between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content, photosynthesis was also associated with leaf P content, but to a lesser extent.
Impact of Low-Frequency Hearing (2009)

Today, cochlear implantation is the treatment of choice in the case of severe to profound hearing loss, but the speech perception abilities of many recipients in noisy conditions are still poor and the overall sound quality and ease of listening still require improvement. Residual low-frequency hearing has been associated with improved hearing performance in cochlear implant patients, especially in difficult listening environments (i.e. cocktail party effect). It seems that low-frequency information can enhance the segregation of competing voices, which leads to better speech understanding in noise. We investigated the effect of low-frequency hearing on speech perception performance in a group of subjects being implanted with the Nucleus Hybrid-L device. The Hybrid-L device is a modified Nucleus Freedom implant, which instead of the standard electrode carries a very delicate electrode array that allows preservation of residual hearing to a great extent. Sentence test results from 22 subjects are presented here. Additionally, for 8 subjects, the acoustically presented frequency range was limited to 300, 500 and 700 Hz, and speech perception tests with a single competing talker were conducted. The Hybrid-L study group achieved a speech reception threshold of 15.9 dB in the hearing aid alone condition, 10.8 dB in the cochlear implant alone condition, and 3.9 dB when using the combination of cochlear implant and hearing aid. Differences between the 3 conditions are statistically significant. Results from the additional experiment on the acoustically presented frequency range suggest that very limited residual hearing below 500 Hz is already sufficient to produce a significant improvement in speech perception performance in conjunction with a cochlear implant.
Volumetric imaging of hemodynamic effects in the human brain by three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography (2002)

We report on the first three dimensional tomographic localization of hemodynamic effects in the brain with diffuse optical tomography. Using a model-based iterative image reconstruction algorithms we localize spatial changes in oxy and deoxyhemoglobin.
Particle Transport, Electric Currents, and Pressure Balance in a Magnetically Immobilized Plasma (1955)

The expression for the pressure gradient in a magnetically immobilized plasma, $\ensuremath{\nabla}p=\ensuremath{-}(\frac{1}{8\ensuremath{\pi}})\ensuremath{\nabla}({B}^{2})$ is derived without detailed study of particle orbits and still showing the various effects which appear in a detailed treatment.
Video 2 from <i>DEAR1</i> Is a Chromosome 1p35 Tumor Suppressor and Master Regulator of TGF-β–Driven Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video 2 - MP4 file 3383K, Control shRNA clone with 2ng/ml TGF-beta&lt;/p&gt;
Shining light in blind alleys: deciphering bacterial attachment in silicon microstructures (2022)

With new advances in infectious disease, antifouling surfaces, and environmental microbiology research comes the need to understand and control the accumulation and attachment of bacterial cells on a surface. Thus, we employ intrinsic phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements of silicon diffraction gratings to non-destructively observe the interactions between bacterial cells and abiotic, microstructured surfaces in a label-free and real-time manner. We conclude that the combination of specific material characteristics (<i>i.e.</i>, substrate surface charge and topology) and characteristics of the bacterial cells (<i>i.e.</i>, motility, cell charge, biofilm formation, and physiology) drive bacteria to adhere to a particular surface, often leading to a biofilm formation. Such knowledge can be exploited to predict antibiotic efficacy and biofilm formation, and enhance surface-based biosensor development, as well as the design of anti-biofouling strategies.
<title>Electro-holographic display using 15mega pixels LCD</title> (1996)

We have been researching holographic 3D displays using a commercially available Liquid Crystal Devices (LCD). However, specifications of the LCD were not enough to holographic display, and we could obtain only small reconstructed image with the narrow viewing zone. In our present research, we are supported by an LCD manufacturer, and planning to use the custom-made LCD which has both minute and numerous pixels. The LCD's pixel pitch is 28 micrometers (horizontal) X 56 micrometers (vertical), and pixel number is 3200 X 960. Five LCDs are horizontally arranged in our electro-holographic display. By using five LCDs, total pixel number becomes about 15 Mega. We can obtain larger image and wider viewing zone compared with our previous experimental display, and can be observed binocularly. The size of the reconstructed image is 50 mm wide, 150 mm high, and 50 mm deep. Viewing zone is 65 mm at approximately 1000 mm from the image. In this display, we discard the vertical parallax and set the 1D diffuser on the vertical image plane. We also discuss the compensation of optical aberrations. Even if a single lens with large aberration is used for the optics system of the reproduction, we can obtain the reproduction image with corrected aberration by adding the compensation phase distribution to the hologram.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT OF VINYL PHOSPHITES TO VINYLPHOSPHONATES (1985)

Abstract Propyl‐ (β‐chlor‐β‐acetyl)‐isopropenyl‐N,N‐diethylamido‐phosphit (I) wird unter den im Formelschema angeführten Bedingungen zum N,N‐Diethylamido‐(β‐chlor‐β‐acetyh‐isopropenyl‐phosphonat (II) umgelagert.
Characterization of HfSiON gate dielectrics using monoenergetic positron beams (2006)

The impact of nitridation on open volumes in thin HfSiOx films fabricated on Si substrates by atomic layer deposition was studied using monoenergetic positron beams. For HfSiOx, positrons were found to annihilate from the trapped state due to open volumes which exist intrinsically in an amorphous structure. After plasma nitridation, the size of open volumes decreased at a nitrogen concentration of about 20at.%. An expansion of open volumes, however, was observed after postnitridation annealing (PNA) (1050°C, 5s). We found that the size of open volumes increased with increasing nitrogen concentration in HfSiOx. The change in the size of open volumes was attributed to the trapping of nitrogen by open volumes, and an incorporation of nitrogen into the amorphous matrix of HfSiOx during PNA. We also examined the role of nitrogen in HfSiOx using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first principles calculations.
The rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4 possesses membrane destabilization activity (1996)

During a unique morphogenetic process, rotaviruses obtain a transient membrane envelope when newly synthesized subviral particles bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As rotavirus particles mature, they lose their transient membrane and a layer of the glycoprotein VP7 forms the virion outer capsid shell. The nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4 functions as an intracellular receptor in the ER membrane (K. S. Au, W. K. Chan, J. W. Burns, and M. K. Estes, J. Virol. 63:4553-4562, 1989), and it has been hypothesized that NSP4 is involved in the removal of the envelope during viral morphogenesis (M. K. Estes and J. Cohen, Microbiol. Rev. 53:410-449, 1989; B. L. Petrie, M. K. Estes, and D. Y. Graham, J. Virol. 46:270-274, 1983). The purpose of the present study was to determine if NSP4 has a direct membrane destabilization activity (MDA) by using liposome leakage assays and electron microscopic visualization of liposome, microsome, and viral envelope disruption. The fluorescent marker (calcein) incorporated into liposomes was released when the liposomes were incubated with purified NSP4. A region corresponding to amino acid residues 114 to 135 of NSP4 also released calcein from liposomes. NSP4(114-135) peptide-specific antibody completely blocked the MDA of the purified NSP4 protein. These results suggest that this region contains at least part of the functional domain of NSP4. Liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and microsomes (to simulate ER membranes) were broken when observed by electron microscopy after incubation with NSP4 or the NSP4(114-135) peptide. In contrast, the envelope of Sendai virus, which is derived from cytoplasmic membranes, and erythrocytes were not disrupted by NSP4 and the NSP4(114-135) peptide. These results provide direct evidence that NSP4 possesses MDA and suggest that it can cause ER membrane damage. Therefore, NSP4 might play an important role in the removal of the transient envelope from budding particles during viral morphogenesis. A model for the MDA of NSP4 in viral morphogenesis is proposed.
[Immunochemical properties of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II]. (1990)

Immunochemical analysis of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit type II was performed with the use of two rabbit antisera elicited to a free R-subunit from pig brain and to a RcAMP complex. Quantitative precipitation of the homogeneous antigen revealed six determinants on the R-molecule. Of these at least one is localized in the R-fragment (37 kD), the others--in the N-terminal part of the R-molecule. The antigenic determinants seem to be remoted from the cAMP-binding centers, since the attachment of the affinity purified antibody Fab-fragments to the R-subunit did not influence the cAMP-binding activity of the latter. The antibodies to RcAMP caused dissociation of the holoenzyme. The antibody Fab-fragment binding to the R-subunit prevented its association with the catalytic subunit. The results of immunochemical analysis suggest that the R-subunit adopts different conformations when bound to cAMP or to the catalytic subunit.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Reversible Interconversion, Thermal Reactions, and Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry of Diazo Meldrum's Acid and Its Diazirine Isomer, 6,6-Dimethyl-5,7-dioxa-1,2-diaza-spiro[2,5]oct-1-ene-4,8-dione1 (2003)

The photochemical or thermal decomposition of diazo Meldrum's acid (1) in methanolic solutions yields ketoester 3a, the product of the Wolff rearrangement, while products produced from the singlet carbene were not detected. This observation, combined with the analysis of activation parameters for the thermal decomposition of 1, as well as with the results of DFT B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p) calculations, allows us to conclude that the Wolff rearrangement of 1 is a concerted process. The outcome of the photolysis of diazo Meldrum's acid depends on the wavelength of irradiation. Irradiation with 254 nm light results in an efficient (Phi(254) = 0.34) photo-Wolff reaction, while at 355 nm, the formation of diazirine 2 becomes the predominant process (Phi(350) = 0.024). This unusual wavelength selectivity indicates that Wolff rearrangement and isomerization originate from different electronically excited states of 1. The UV irradiation of diazirine 2 leads to the loss of nitrogen and the Wolff rearrangement, apparently via a carbene intermediate. This process is accompanied by a reverse isomerization to diazo Meldrum's acid. Triplet-sensitized photolysis of both isomers results in the formation of Meldrum's acid, the product of a formal reduction of 1 and 2. Mild heating of diazirine 2 produces quantitative yields of diazo Meldrum's acid. The activation parameters for thermal reactions of diazo 1 and diazirino 2 isomers were determined in aqueous and dioxane solutions.
The influence of pauses on the fatigue of upper limb muscles during the task of ironing (2013)

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of position and pauses on muscle activity and fatigue during the task of ironing. Ten female participants performed the task of ironing in two different positions (standing and sitting) for 10 min each with a 1-min pause at the end of each task. Muscle activity and fatigue from the upper trapezium, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major were analyzed using surface electromyography. The results showed that the positions had no significant influence on muscle activity; nevertheless, they had significant influence on muscular fatigue. In addition, the pauses were possibly beneficial in decreasing the muscle fatigue, but the results were not conclusive.