gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Preserves Sarcomere Integrity in the Adult Heart (2022)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is transduced by insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2. To elucidate physiological and redundant roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in adult hearts, we generated mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of insulin and IGF1 receptors or IRS1 and IRS2. Both models developed dilated cardiomyopathy, and most mice died by 8 weeks post-gene deletion. Heart failure was characterized by cardiomyocyte loss and disarray, increased proapoptotic signaling, and increased autophagy. Suppression of autophagy by activating mTOR signaling did not prevent heart failure. Transcriptional profiling revealed reduced serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional activity and decreased mRNA levels of genes encoding sarcomere and gap junction proteins as early as 3 days post-gene deletion, in concert with ultrastructural evidence of sarcomere disruption and intercalated discs within 1 week after gene deletion. These data confirm conserved roles for constitutive insulin and IGF1 signaling in suppressing autophagic and apoptotic signaling in the adult heart. The present study also identifies an unexpected role for insulin and IGF1 signaling in regulating an SRF-mediated transcriptional program, which maintains expression of genes encoding proteins that support sarcomere integrity in the adult heart, reduction of which results in rapid development of heart failure.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and interleukin 1 polymorphism predispose to CpG island methylation in gastric cancer (2007)

Interleukin1β (IL1β) is upregulated in the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.1 IL1β polymorphisms with T/T and T/C genotypes enhance IL1β production, and are associated with an increased risk of H pylori -induced hypochlorhydria2 and gastric cancer.3 The relationship between H pylori and CpG island methylation has been repeatedly reported.4–6 It has been reported that IL1β can modulate CpG island methylation through activation of DNA methyltransferase and hence repress gene expression.7 We therefore hypothesised that patients with H pylori infection and IL1 polymorphism, by the production of IL1β, are predisposed to gastric cancer development through the CpG island methylation pathway.

We obtained surgical specimens and their corresponding peripheral blood from 98 consecutive patients with gastric cancer admitted to Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. This study was approved by the ethics committee. The …
Arrhythmogenic Substrates in Sleep-Disordered Breathing with Arterial Hypertension (2015)

Nocturnal LP, TAV, and HRV examinations were useful to investigate arrhythmogenesis. SDB patients with arterial HT showed a high prevalence of depolarization and repolarization abnormalities and relative sympathetic hyperactivity. This suggests that an electrophysiological instability is more prevalent in SDB patients with arterial HT.
A 128&#x00D7;96 pixel event-driven phase-domain &#x0394;&#x03A3;-based fully digital 3D camera in 0.13&#x03BC;m CMOS imaging technology (2011)

Low-cost 3D image capture devices are enabling new applications in the gaming, robotics, automotive and surveillance industries. A number of approaches are competing for a share of these markets. Stereoscopic cameras employ intensive image processing to interpret distance from the correlation of two separate image streams [1], structured light systems analyse the deformation of pat terned light projected over the scene, while time-of-flight (TOF) cameras require custom frequency-modulated image sensors and optical sources to measure the phase or return time of reflected light pulses. As rapid progress is made on com pact, high-frequency NIR LEDs, much research is being devoted to improve ments in the size, sensitivity and resolution of TOF image sensors. Analog pixel approaches provide compact pixel implementations but accuracy is limited by noise sources and nonlinearities of the analog electronics [2]. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) circumvent these issues and enable fully digital dis tance computation down to millimetric accuracy [3] by either direct or indirect demodulation schemes.
The functional significance of altered tension dependent heat in thyrotoxic myocardial hypertrophy (1980)

SummaryEnlargement of the heart secondary to 14 daily injections of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg) in the male albino rabbit results in an increase in actin-activated myosin ATPase, velocity of unloaded shortening and rate of isometric tension development. The contribution of the altered myosin to contractile efficiency is assessed by making temperature measurements on right ventricular papillary muscles from these hearts during isometric contraction. Measurement of tension dependent heat per unit of tension is derived from rapid myothermal measurements of initial heat, tension independent heat and isometric force. The tension dependent heat measurement is used to evaluate the crossbridge cycling in vivo and the contribution of the changes in the pattern of crossbridge cycling to the efficiency of tension development. In the thyrotoxic heart the peak twitch tension is 72% of normal while the tension dependent heat per unit tension is 175% of normal. This in vivo measurement correlates well with changes in in vitro actin-activated myosin ATPase measurements. Analysis of the data in terms of a model derived from rapid enzyme kinetics and mechanical transient analysis indicates that crossbridges from the thyrotoxic hypertrophy myosin cycle faster and stay attached to actin for a shorter period of time than normal myosin. This alteration in cycling pattern may be the basis for the inverse relationship between myosin ATPase activity and the efficiency of tension development.
Evaluation of the corneal epithelium in non-Sjögren’s and Sjögren’s dry eyes: an in vivo confocal microscopy study using HRT III RCM (2018)

IVCM represents a reliable technique for examining the corneal epithelial microstructural changes associated with dry eyes, as well as for objectively and reproducibly quantifying cell densities within all corneal epithelial layers.
Safety of long-term feeding of dl-alpha-lipoic acid and its effect on reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratios in beagles. (2002)

Alpha-lipoic acid is touted as a powerful antioxidant and possibly a conditionally essential nutrient in older mammals. The safety and efficacy of dl-alpha-lipoic acid was evaluated in 30 adult beagles that were evenly randomized into five groups, each of which was fed one of five different foods with varying inclusion rates of dl-alpha-lipoic acid (0, 150, 1500, 3000, and 4500 ppm). All dogs were fed their respective portion of food daily as their sole source of nutrition for 6 months. Evaluations included general health, body weight, food intake, hematologic and serum biochemical parameters, and glutathione:oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratios in lymphocytes. No signs of toxicity were observed at any except the highest level of dl-alpha-lipoic acid inclusion, and no consistent abnormalities were noted in hematologic or biochemical measures at any level. There was a significant overall effect (P< .05) of food on the difference of GSH:GSSG ratio between Day 84 and Day 0. All inclusions of dl-alpha-lipoic acid increased the ratio of GSH:GSSG with the largest numeric improvement occurring at the lowest inclusion rate (150 ppm).
Delirium in Patients with Cancer at the End of Life (2000)

Delirium is common in hospice patients with cancer and is an important cause of family distress and increased cost of care. The recognition of early clinical signs and predisposing factors should facilitate prompt diagnosis. Appropriate intervention is usually successful in alleviating the most distressing symptoms of delirium.
Hypervariable Region 1 in Envelope Protein 2 of Hepatitis C Virus: A Linchpin in Neutralizing Antibody Evasion and Viral Entry (2018)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the cause of about 400,000 annual liver disease-related deaths. The global spread of this important human pathogen can potentially be prevented through the development of a vaccine, but this challenge has proven difficult, and much remains unknown about the multitude of mechanisms by which this heterogeneous RNA virus evades inactivation by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The N-terminal motif of envelope protein 2 (E2), termed hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), changes rapidly in immunoglobulin-competent patients due to antibody-driven antigenic drift. HVR1 contains NAb epitopes and is directly involved in protecting diverse antibody-specific epitopes on E1, E2, and E1/E2 through incompletely understood mechanisms. The ability of HVR1 to protect HCV from NAbs appears linked with modulation of HCV entry co-receptor interactions. Thus, removal of HVR1 increases interaction with CD81, while altering interaction with scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) in a complex fashion, and decreasing interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor. Despite intensive efforts this modulation of receptor interactions by HVR1 remains incompletely understood. SR-BI has received the most attention and it appears that HVR1 is involved in a multimodal HCV/SR-BI interaction involving high-density-lipoprotein associated ApoCI, which may prime the virus for later entry events by exposing conserved NAb epitopes, like those in the CD81 binding site. To fully elucidate the multifunctional role of HVR1 in HCV entry and NAb evasion, improved E1/E2 models and comparative studies with other NAb evasion strategies are needed. Derived knowledge may be instrumental in the development of a prophylactic HCV vaccine.
Segregation of parallel inputs to the anteromedial and anteroventral thalamic nuclei of the rat (2013)

Many brain structures project to both the anteroventral thalamic nucleus and the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. In the present study, pairs of different tracers were placed into these two thalamic sites in the same rats to determine the extent to which these nuclei receive segregated inputs. Only inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the principal extrinsic cholinergic source for these thalamic nuclei, showed a marked degree of collateralization, with approximately 13% of all cells labeled in this tegmental area projecting to both nuclei. Elsewhere, double-labeled cells were very scarce, making up ∼1% of all labeled cells. Three general patterns of anterior thalamic innervation were detected in these other areas. In some sites, e.g., prelimbic cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and secondary motor area, cells projecting to the anteromedial and anteroventral thalamic nuclei were closely intermingled, with often only subtle distribution differences. These same projections were also often intermingled with inputs to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, but again there was little or no collateralization. In other sites, e.g., the subiculum and retrosplenial cortex, there was often less overlap of cells projecting to the two anterior thalamic nuclei. A third pattern related to the dense inputs from the medial mammillary nucleus, where well-defined topographies ensured little intermingling of the neurons that innervate the two thalamic nuclei. The finding that a very small minority of cortical and limbic inputs bifurcates to innervate both anterior thalamic nuclei highlights the potential for parallel information streams to control their functions, despite arising from common regions.
The effects of different types of music on mood, tension, and mental clarity. (1998)

This study investigated the impact of different types of music on tension, mood, and mental clarity. A total of 144 subjects completed a psychological profile before and after listening for 15 minutes to four types of music (grunge rock, classical, New Age, and designer). With grunge rock music, significant increases were found in hostility, sadness, tension, and fatigue, and significant reductions were observed in caring, relaxation, mental clarity, and vigor. In contrast, after listening to the designer music (music designed to have specific effects on the listener), significant increases in caring, relaxation, mental clarity, and vigor were measured; significant decreases were found in hostility, fatigue, sadness, and tension. The results for New Age and classical music were mixed. Feeling shifts among subjects were observed with all types of music. Designer music was most effective in increasing positive feelings and decreasing negative feelings. Results suggest that designer music may be useful in the treatment of tension, mental distraction, and negative moods.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRO DISPLACEMENT BY METHANETHIOL ANION. SYNTHESIS OF BIS‐, TRIS‐, TETRAKIS‐, AND PENTAKIS(METHYLTHIO)BENZOIC ACIDS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Aus der Dinitrochlor‐benzoesäure (I) entsteht das Substitutionsprodukt (IIa), das in ein Amid (IIb) übergeführt wird.
CARHSP1 Is Required for Effective Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha mRNA Stabilization and Localizes to Processing Bodies and Exosomes (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a critical mediator of inflammation, and its production is tightly regulated, with control points operating at nearly every step of its biosynthesis. We sought to identify uncharacterized TNF-α 3' untranslated region (3'UTR)-interacting proteins utilizing a novel screen, termed the RNA capture assay. We identified CARHSP1, a cold-shock domain-containing protein. Knockdown of CARHSP1 inhibits TNF-α protein production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells and reduces the level of TNF-α mRNA in both resting and LPS-stimulated cells. mRNA stability assays demonstrate that CARHSP1 knockdown decreases TNF-α mRNA stability from a half-life (t(1/2)) of 49 min to a t(1/2) of 22 min in LPS-stimulated cells and from a t(1/2) of 29 min to a t(1/2) of 24 min in resting cells. Transfecting CARHSP1 into RAW264.7 cells results in an increase in TNF-α 3'UTR luciferase expression in resting cells and CARHSP1 knockdown LPS-stimulated cells. We examined the functional effect of inhibiting Akt, calcineurin, and protein phosphatase 2A and established that inhibition of Akt or calcineurin but not PP2A inhibits CARHSP1 function. Subcellular analysis establishes CARHSP1 as a cytoplasmic protein localizing to processing bodies and exosomes but not on translating mRNAs. We conclude CARHSP1 is a TNF-α mRNA stability enhancer required for effective TNF-α production, demonstrating the importance of both stabilization and destabilization pathways in regulating the TNF-α mRNA half-life.
A New Low-Cost Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motor for Adjustable-Speed Pump Applications (2010)

This paper presents a new low-cost hybrid switched reluctance (HSR) motor intended for use in adjustable-speed pump drive systems. The motor is a single-phase motor, driven by a unipolar converter, which uses both the reluctance torque and the permanent magnet interaction torque. Compared with conventional single-phase switched reluctance motors, it has an increased torque density. The cogging torque is beneficially used in this motor for reducing the torque ripple. It is demonstrated that such a motor drive system can be a suitable candidate to advantageously compete with the existing motor drive systems for low-cost applications. Finite-element models are used to analyze and predict the motor's performance. The proposed motor drive system has been fabricated, and its performance has been tested in the laboratory. These experimental results are also presented.
Concerns over cardiovascular disease: Trends in ART discontinuation and the introduction of lipid lowering drugs over the period 1999-2004 (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Further Studies on Lipopolysaccharide-Sensitive Serine Protease Zymogen (Factor C): Its Isolation from Limulus polyphemus Hemocytes and Identification as an Intracellular Zymogen Activated by α-Chymotrypsin, Not by Trypsin1 (1991)

An intracellular serine protease zymogen, factor C, is an initiator in the hemolymph coagulation system of horseshoe crab. We purified this zymogen from the hemocytes of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus (L.) polyphemus, the objective being to compare its properties with those of the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus (T.) tridentatus, factor C. The purified zymogen L.-factor C showed similar properties to those of T.-factor C, in terms of molecular mass (123,000), amino acid composition (1,011 residues), subunit structure (two chains), and antigenicity. Like the zymogen T.-factor C, this zymogen was also activated autocatalytically in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its synthetic lipid A analogue. A most interesting finding is that both protease zymogens are rapidly activated by alpha-chymotrypsin or rat mast cell chymase, but not by trypsin. The active enzyme factor C showed alpha-thrombin-like specificity toward synthetic tripeptide substrates. This factor C was also strongly inhibited by an alpha-thrombin inhibitor, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone. Thus, the enzymatic properties of factor C are similar to those of mammalian alpha-thrombin. On the other hand, the coagulation cascade system present in the hemocyte lysate was activated when chymotrypsin, free from LPS, was added to the lysate used to detect the endotoxins. The implication of our findings is that the chymotrypsin-catalyzed initiation of the horseshoe crab coagulation system is unique, since all known mammalian coagulation, fibrinolysis and complement systems are initiated by trypsin-like enzymes.
Sulfated syndecan 1 is critical to preventing cellular senescence by modulating fibroblast growth factor receptor endocytosis (2020)

Cellular senescence can be triggered by various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. We previously reported that silencing of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (PAPSS2) induces cellular senescence through augmented fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling. However, the exact molecular mechanism connecting heparan sulfation and cellular senescence remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in augmented FGFR1 signaling and cellular senescence. Depletion of several types of HSPGs revealed that cells depleted of syndecan 1 (SDC1) exhibited typical senescence phenotypes, and those depleted of PAPSS2-, SDC1-, or heparan sulfate 2-O sulfotransferase 1 (HS2ST1) showed decreased FGFR1 internalization along with hyperresponsiveness to and prolonged activation of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-stimulated FGFR1- v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) signaling. Clathrin- and caveolin-mediated FGFR1 endocytosis contributed to cellular senescence through the FGFR1-AKT-p53-p21 signaling pathway. Dynasore treatment triggered senescence phenotypes, augmented FGFR1-AKT-p53-p21 signaling, and decreased SDC1 expression. Finally, the replicatively and prematurely senescent cells were characterized by decreases of SDC1 expression and FGFR1 internalization, and an increase in FGFR1-AKT-p53-p21 signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that properly sulfated SDC1 plays a critical role in preventing cellular senescence through the regulation of FGFR1 endocytosis.
Modeling of piezoelectric transducers with combined pseudospectral and finite-difference methods (2008)

A new hybrid finite-difference (FD) and pseudospectral (PS) method adapted to the modeling of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) is presented. The time-dependent equations of propagation are solved using the PS method while the electric field induced in the piezoelectric material is determined through a FD representation. The purpose of this combination is to keep the advantages of both methods in one model: the adaptability of FD representation to model piezoelectric elements with various geometries and materials, and the low number of nodes per wavelength required by the PS method. This approach is implemented to obtain an accurate algorithm to simulate the propagation of acoustic waves over large distances, directly coupled to the calculation of the electric field created inside the piezoelectric material, which is difficult with classical algorithms. These operations are computed using variables located on spatially and temporally staggered grids, which attenuate Gibbs phenomenon and increase the algorithm's accuracy. The two-dimensional modeling of a PZT plate excited by a 50 MHz sinusoidal electrical signal is performed. The results are successfully compared to those obtained using the finite-element (FE) algorithm of ATILA software with configurations spatially and temporally adapted to the FE requirements. The cost efficiency of the FD-PS time-domain method is quantified and verified.
Use of dibenzophosphole oxides in the Horner reaction: stereospecific formation of (Z)-stilbene from an erythro-β-hydroxyalkylphosphine oxide (1985)

Treatment of the erythro-β-hydroxyalkyldibenzophosphole oxide (6), derived from (E)-stilbene oxide and lithiodibenzophosphole, with 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene (DBU) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) affords (Z)-stilbene with high stereospecificity.
Assessing Methylation of Mir-146b in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

Background: One of the most important epigenetic factors in lung cancer is aberrant DNA methylation. So far, many studies have been performed on the methylation of various genes and microRNAs in various cancers, especially lung cancer. So because of the high importance of microRNAs in cancer. In this study, mir-146b methylation was checked in NSCLC tissues. Method: Analysis methylation of mir146b was investigated in 30 samples NSCLC tissues and 30 adjacent normal tissues using by MS-HRM method. Results: Study on mir146b methylation showed that there was no significant difference between the methylation levels of this microRNA in tumor samples compared with healthy samples (P>0.05). However, this study was designed as a pilot study, and further investigations are required to confirm our findings.
Expression and secretion in yeast of active insect defensin, an inducible antibacterial peptide from the fleshflyPhormia terranovae (1992)

Summary Insect defensin A is an inducible antibacterial peptide of the fleshfly Phormia terra-novae and has been recently characterized as a 40 residue basic peptide with six cysteines engaged in three intramolecular disulfide bridges. We report the expression of this peptide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fusion protein carrying at its N-terminus leader sequences which are derived from the precursor of the yeast pheromone mating factor α (MFαl). These sequences allow the biologically active peptide to be secreted at high levels in a correctly processed form. Thus heterologous production of defensin A circumvents laborious purification of minute amounts of the peptide from its natural source. The insect defensin pro peptide can substitute for the MFαl pro peptide, indicating that yeast can process an insect pro sequence.
Point of Attachment and Sequence of Immobilized Peptide-Acridine Conjugates Control Affinity for Nucleic Acids (2002)

Screening of combinatorial libraries by spatial arraying strategies requires library members to be solid-phase immobilized. However, for nucleic acid ligands that bind via intercalation, immobilization may inhibit binding if the tethering functionality is present at the edge of the heterocyle that approaches the duplex during the binding reaction. We report here a method for immobilizing peptide-acridine conjugates (PACs) via either their C- or their N-terminus, corresponding to functionalization at either the 4- or the 9-position of acridine, respectively, and for assaying the nucleic acid binding properties of the resulting resins. We find that both the amino acid sequence of the PAC as well as its point of attachment to the solid support are important in determining affinity for duplex nucleic acids. These results have implications for the design of future on-bead and microarray-based selections and in understanding the nucleic acid binding of functionalized intercalators.