gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin Film Solar Cells: Materials Science at Interfaces (2005)

Abstract Interfaces are important for the efficiencies of thin film solar cells. In particular for polycrystalline chalcogenide semiconductors as Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 and CdTe the existing physical concepts, which describe the electronic properties of semiconductor interfaces, are not sufficient. The increased complexity is mostly due to the non‐abruptness of the interfaces and the strong tendency for the formation of defects. For the CdTe thin film solar cell a very relevant interface for their operation and efficiency is the CdTe/CdS semiconductor hetero junction. The properties of the semiconductor interfaces have been characterised systematically with photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) in integrated ultra high vacuum (UHV) systems for sample preparation and analysis. Withal the key topic is the experimental determination of the band alignment at the semiconductor interfaces. For high efficiency CdTe solar cell production CdCl 2 activation is of major importance. The effects of the CdCl 2 treatment step on CdTe solar cells had been not completely understood so far. To investigate its influence the activation process has been transferred into the integrated UHV system. We will report about chemical and electronic modifications of the CdTe/CdS hetero interface due to in‐situ CdCl 2 activation performing sputter depth profiles in combination with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
A Scalable Correlation Aware Aggregation Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Sensors-to-sink data in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are typically correlated with each other. Exploiting such correlation when performing data aggregation can result in considerable improvements in the bandwidth and energy performance of WSNs. In order to exploit such correlation, we present a scalable and distributed correlation-aware aggregation structure that addresses the practical challenges in the context of aggregation in WSNs. Through simulations and analysis, we evaluate the performance of the proposed approach with centralized and distributed correlation aware and unaware structures.
Chemical milling of quartz using a solution based on organic solvents and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (2003)

The use of hydrofluoric acid solution in chemically milling, etching and polishing quartz has been accepted for many years. Several papers have been presented addressing aqueous HF solutions. In this paper the use of a solution based on organic solvents and anhydrous HF to chemically mill or etch mesa structures in quartz plates is investigated. The etch rate figures and how they are affected by the molarity of the solution, temperature, quartz cut angle and water concentration have been studied. Based on data collected by several tests, the parameters of etch rate relative to cut angle, temperature and solution concentrations has been determined. From this data, mathematical equations defining the chemical mechanisms have been developed and are presented in this paper. These equations are further verified by comparing predicted results to actual data gathered from a mesa-blank production line.
Susceptibility to Actively-Induced Murine Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis is not Linked to Genes of the T Cell Receptor or CD3 Complexes (1995)

The role of the T cell receptor (TCR) in the genetic control of susceptibility to autoimmune demyelinating diseases remains shrouded in controversy. We have used the CXD2 series of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and a (B10.S/DvTe x SJL/J) x B10.S/DvTe backcross (BC1) population to test for linkage between susceptibility to actively-induced EAE and the different TCR and CD3 loci. The two populations were inoculated for induction of EAE, phenotyped for both clinical and histological parameters of disease, and genotyped using markers flanking the loci of interest in the CXD2 RIL and an SJL/J allele-specific TCR V beta assay in the BC1 mice. Comparisons between the CXD2 strain distribution pattern (SDP) for disease and the SDPs for the chromosomal regions containing the TCR alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and CD3 delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta loci showed no linkage to these loci. Additional tests between EAE susceptibility and several other immunologically important loci for which the SDPs were known also showed no linkage to the minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen gene Mlsl, Hc, the gene encoding complement component C5, Cd8a, or Cd5. Furthermore, our data from the BC1 mice demonstrate that the Tcrb locus segregates independent of disease and does not modulate disease severity. We conclude that while autoreactive TCRs are undoubtedly necessary for disease pathogenesis, the principle non-MHC-linked loci controlling susceptibility to murine EAE in BALB/c mice are not linked to any of the individual TCR-CD3 complex genes. Similarly, the major disease genes in the SJL/J mouse are not linked to TCR V beta. Our data cannot, however, preclude the possibility that TCR/CD3 alleles are involved in epigenetic phenomena or susceptibility in other mouse strains or animal systems.
TBIO-03. THE GIFT FROM A CHILD PROGRAM IS EMPOWERING POST-MORTEM TISSUE DONATION ACROSS THE UNITED STATES (2020)

Abstract The Gift from a Child (GFAC) program was inspired by the dream of one child to donate his brain for research, recognizing the need to study tumor tissue collected at diagnosis, recurrence, and at the time of death. Founded by the Swifty Foundation in 2016, GFAC currently is comprised of five “Centers of Excellence” at institutions with expertise in pediatric neuro-oncology. Partnering with the Children’s Brain Tumor Network, the program’s mandate is twofold: make it possible for families to donate no matter where they live in the United States and make tissue available to scientists globally to empower discovery. In order to overcome barriers that have stifled postmortem collection in the past, GFAC has invested in Tissue Navigators - individuals at each center who coordinate all aspects of donation and communicate with families, medical providers, and laboratory scientists. In 2019 alone, GFAC coordinated 55 autopsy collections from multiple diagnosis. A key metric of the program is also capturing the global sharing and usage of each tissue sample, ensuring that tissue isn’t simply “banked” but is actively being actively used to help unravel tumor biology. To date, tissue has been used for genomic and molecular data generation, preclinical model development including cell lines and PDX models, and for novel drug screening. Together with Children’s Brain Tumor Network, the Gift from a Child program is helping to ensure the most precious gift that a family can make is used to accelerate the path to cures.
Inverse-Closedness of a Banach Algebra of Integral Operators on the Heisenberg Group (2006)

Let $\mathbb{H}$ be the general, reduced Heisenberg group. Our main result establishes the inverse-closedness of a class of integral operators acting on $L^{p}(\mathbb{H})$, given by the off-diagonal decay of the kernel. As a consequence of this result, we show that if $α_{1}I+S_{f}$, where $S_{f}$ is the operator given by convolution with $f$, $f\in L^{1}_{v}(\mathbb{H})$, is invertible in $\B(L^{p}(\mathbb{H}))$, then (α_{1}I+S_{f})^{-1}=α_{2}I+S_{g}$, and $g\in L^{1}_{v}(\mathbb{H})$. We prove analogous results for twisted convolution operators and apply the latter results to a class of Weyl pseudodifferential operators. We briefly discuss relevance to mobile communications.
Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

These modifications are termed the Paris Classification. By adhering to the Montreal framework, we have not jeopardized or altered the ability to use this classification for adult onset disease or by adult gastroenterologists.
Clinical Trials of Novel Anticoagulants for Severe Sepsis: A Tale of Three Molecules (2004)

Over the past 5 years, three large multinational clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of endogenous human anticoagulants in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The efficacy of drotrecogin alfa (activated) was demonstrated by the PROWESS (Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation In Severe Sepsis) trial, but no significant benefits were found for the two other anticoagulants, recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTPFI) and antithrombin III. The explanation for the disparate results of these three trials is not immediately evident. However, there are clear differences in the structures of the molecules and in the mechanisms of their anticlotting and antiinflammatory actions. There are also distinguishing characteristics in the performance of each clinical study and differing trial design elements that may have contributed to the success of the drotrecogin alfa (activated) trial and failure of the rTFPI and antithrombin trials. The implications of these results for the practical management of patients with sepsis and the design of current and future studies for novel antisepsis agents are discussed in this brief review. Advances in Sepsis 2004;4(1):17‐23.
Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic prediction of Term Preeclampsia (2017)

Term preeclampsia (tPE), ≥37 weeks, is the most common form of PE and the most difficult to predict. Little is known about its pathogenesis. This study aims to elucidate the pathogenesis and assess early prediction of tPE using serial integrated metabolomic and proteomic systems biology approaches. Serial first- (11-14 weeks) and third-trimester (30-34 weeks) serum samples were analyzed using targeted metabolomic (<sup>1</sup>H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS) and proteomic (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) platforms. We analyzed 35 tPE cases and 63 controls. Serial first- (sphingomyelin C18:1 and urea) and third-trimester (hexose and citrate) metabolite screening predicted tPE with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (95% CI) = 0.817 (0.732-0.902) and a sensitivity of 81.6% and specificity of 71.0%. Serial first [TATA box binding protein-associated factor (TBP)] and third-trimester [Testis-expressed sequence 15 protein (TEX15)] protein biomarkers highly accurately predicted tPE with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.987 (0.961-1.000), sensitivity 100% and specificity 98.4%. Integrated pathway over-representation analysis combining metabolomic and proteomic data revealed significant alterations in signal transduction, G protein coupled receptors, serotonin and glycosaminoglycan metabolisms among others. This is the first report of serial integrated and combined metabolomic and proteomic analysis of tPE. High predictive accuracy and potentially important pathogenic information were achieved.
Chromosomal microarray analysis, or comparative genomic hybridization: A high throughput approach (2015)

Pathological copy number variants (CNVs) and point mutations are major genetic causes of hundreds of disorders. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) also known as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is the best available tool to detect copy number variations in chromosomal make up. We have optimized several different protocols and introduce a high-throughput approach to perform a cost-effective, fast, high-throughput and high-quality CMA. We managed to reach to high quality arrays with 17 ± 0.04 (mean ± SD, n = 90) Derivative Log Ratio (DLR) spread, a measure of array quality (<0.20 considered as excellent) for our arrays. High-throughput and high-quality arrays are gaining more attention and the current manuscript is a step forward to this increasing demand.•This manuscript introduces a low cost, fast, efficient, high throughput and high-quality aCGH protocol;•This protocol provides specific instructions and crucial detail for processing up to 24 slides which is equal to 48, 96, or 192 arrays by only one person in one day;•This manuscript is accompanied with a step-by-step video.
Segmenting Salient Objects in 3D Point Clouds of Indoor Scenes Using Geodesic Distances (2013)

Visual attention mechanisms allow humans to extract relevant and important information from raw input percepts. Many applications in robotics and computer vision have modeled human visual attention mechanisms using a bottom-up data centric approach. In contrast, recent studies in cognitive science highlight advantages of a top-down approach to the attention mechanisms, especially in applications involving goal-directed search. In this paper, we propose a top-down approach for extracting salient objects/regions of space. The top-down methodology first isolates different objects in an unorganized point cloud, and compares each object for uniqueness. A measure of saliency using the properties of geodesic distance on the object’s surface is defined. Our method works on 3D point cloud data, and identifies salient objects of high curvature and unique silhouette. These being the most unique features of a scene, are robust to clutter, occlusions and view point changes. We provide the details of the proposed method and initial experimental results.
The Quanta Image Sensor: Every Photon Counts (2016)

The Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) was conceived when contemplating shrinking pixel sizes and storage capacities, and the steady increase in digital processing power. In the single-bit QIS, the output of each field is a binary bit plane, where each bit represents the presence or absence of at least one photoelectron in a photodetector. A series of bit planes is generated through high-speed readout, and a kernel or "cubicle" of bits (x, y, t) is used to create a single output image pixel. The size of the cubicle can be adjusted post-acquisition to optimize image quality. The specialized sub-diffraction-limit photodetectors in the QIS are referred to as "jots" and a QIS may have a gigajot or more, read out at 1000 fps, for a data rate exceeding 1 Tb/s. Basically, we are trying to count photons as they arrive at the sensor. This paper reviews the QIS concept and its imaging characteristics. Recent progress towards realizing the QIS for commercial and scientific purposes is discussed. This includes implementation of a pump-gate jot device in a 65 nm CIS BSI process yielding read noise as low as 0.22 e- r.m.s. and conversion gain as high as 420 µV/e-, power efficient readout electronics, currently as low as 0.4 pJ/b in the same process, creating high dynamic range images from jot data, and understanding the imaging characteristics of single-bit and multi-bit QIS devices. The QIS represents a possible major paradigm shift in image capture.
<title>Ordered macroporous rutile titanium dioxide by emulsion templating</title> (2000)

We discuss a method for fabricating photonic crystals of closely packed air spheres with diameters on the order of 300 nm in a rutile titania matrix. These differ from the air sphere/titania materials reported elsewhere in that the matrix is the high-index rutile phase of titania as opposed to the low-index anatase phase. We make these material by a sol-gel process with oil-in-formamide emulsions as templates. The emulsion droplets are stable and have a polydispersity of 15 percent or less, allowing them to form small colloidal crystallites when concentrated in a titania sol. The oil template can be removed after gelation of the sol and prior to drying, allowing us to produce monolithic samples with few cracks. Calcination at 1000 degrees C converts the structure to the rutile phase with an average crystallite size of 60 nm. Optical transmission spectra show the presence of a broad minimum at a wavelength of 500 nm for a sample with ordered 200 nm pores.
Plasmonic Antennas for Directional Sorting of Fluorescence Emission (2011)

Spontaneous emission of fluorescent molecules or quantum dots is radiated along all directions when emitters are diluted in a liquid solution, which severely limits the amount of collected light. Besides, the emission direction does not carry any useful information and cannot be used to sort different molecules. To go beyond these limits, optical antennas have been recently introduced as conceptual tools to control the radiation properties for nanoemitters fixed on a substrate. Despite intense recent research, controlling the luminescence directivity remains a challenge for emitters with random positions and orientations, which is a key for several biomolecular screening applications. Here, we present full directional control of the fluorescence emission from molecules in water solution by an optical antenna made of a nanoaperture surrounded by a periodic set of shallow grooves in a gold film. For each emission wavelength, the fluorescence beam can be directed along a specific direction with a given angular width, hereby realizing a micrometer-size dispersive antenna. We demonstrate the fluorescence beaming results from an interference phenomenon and provide physical optics guidelines to control the fluorescence directivity by tuning the groove-nanoaperture distance. This photon-sorting capability provides a new approach for high-sensitivity screening of molecular species in solution.
ChemInform Abstract: New Steroidal Constituents from the Bulbs of Lilium candidum. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SiC/Si Hybrid Substrate Synthesized by the Method of Coordinated Substitution of Atoms: A New Type of Substrate for LEDs (2023)

This paper proposes a new type of substrate for manufacturing LEDs based on AlInGaN heterostructures. Instead of depositing SiC layers on the surface of Si using the conventional method, a new method involving the coordinated substitution of atoms (MCSA) to form the SiC layer is proposed. This new approach enables the growth of epitaxial GaN layers with low defect content and facilitates transfer to any surface. The paper details the technology of manufacturing LEDs on SiC/Si substrates obtained by the MCSA and elaborates on the benefits of using these substrates in LED production. Additionally, the advantages of the growth interface between SiC and Si materials are discussed. Moreover, it is found that thinner SiC layers (&lt;200 nm) contribute to the scattering of the LED’s own radiation in the heterostructure waveguide, which decreases its absorption by silicon. For flip-chip LEDs with the substrate removed, substrates with thicker SiC layers (~400 nm) and a growth porous layer of several microns at the SiC-Si interface is utilized to simplify Si substrate removal and enhance the manufacturing process’s cost-effectiveness.
Artificial Neural Network for Diffraction Based Overlay Measurement (2016)

Diffraction-based overlay (DBO) accuracy is critical to the intelligent nanolithography process control for producing advanced semiconductor fabrication nodes. Optical gratings located on various layers are commonly used as the targets for the detection of the overlay displacement offset in DBO measurement. The asymmetry in intensity between the 1st and -1st beams diffracted by the targets is used for the prediction of grating displacement offset. This paper describes the effect of grating targets with sidewall angles (SWAs) on asymmetry in intensity and proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) method for enhancing the accuracy of grating displacement offset prediction. Grating targets with a 1:3 line-to-pitch ratio and SWA profiles varying from 86° to 90° were employed in this paper. The asymmetry in the intensity of the designed targets was computed for incident beams with transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarization at visible wavelength. An ANN feed-forward model was developed for the displacement offset prediction. The ANN, the conventional linear model, and the regression models were evaluated using diffraction data calculated by a numerical electromagnetic solver. The mean square error and the mean of the residual indicated that using the ANN model and incident beams at wavelengths of 600, 650, and 750 nm is substantially more effective for prediction than the conventional linear model is.
HIV-1 transactivator protein induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 contributes to dysregulation of IFNγ signaling (2009)

HIV infection remains a worldwide threat. HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat is one of the retroviral proteins identified as a key immunomodulator in AIDS pathogenesis. Although the primary function of Tat is to regulate HIV-1 replication in the infected cell, it also dysregulates cytokine production resulting in perturbation of the host immune response and enhancement of the retrovirus survival. Because interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent antiviral and immunoregulatory effects, we investigated whether Tat interferes with the IFNgamma signal transduction in primary monocytes. We demonstrated that Tat impaired the IFNgamma-receptor signaling pathway at the level of STAT1 activation, possibly via Tat-dependent induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2) activity. We delineated the inhibitory role of SOCS-2 in IFNgamma signaling pathway by overexpression of exogenous SOCS-2 in HEK293 cell. The results showed that SOCS-2 suppressed the IFNgamma-activated STAT1 phosphorylation and consequent IFNgamma-regulated transcription of specific genes. To confirm the role of SOCS2 in the Tat-induced process, we demonstrated that SOCS-2 siRNA in human blood monocytes abrogated the Tat-dependent inhibition of IFNgamma signaling. Our data suggested a possible mechanism implicating the role of SOCS-2 in mediating HIV-1-induced immune evasion and dysregulation of IFNgamma signaling in primary human monocytes.
A Secure Method for Signing in Using Quick Response Codes with Mobile Authentication (2013)

The emerging threats to user privacy over the internet are increasing at an alarming rate. Signing in from an unreliable terminal into a web account may result in compromising private details of a user such as username and password, by means of keylogger software. Such software are capable of recording keystrokes secretly, via covert channels without the knowledge of the user. In this paper we propose a secure method for signing in using Quick Response (QR) codes with mobile authentication. Through this method, the user can securely sign-in into a web account by authenticating the user session on an unreliable terminal browser, using a mobile device.
Reproductive meristem fates in Gerbera (2006)

Flowering plants go through several phases between regular stem growth and the actual production of flower parts. The stepwise conversion of vegetative into inflorescence and floral meristems is usually unidirectional, but under certain environmental or genetic conditions, meristems can revert to an earlier developmental identity. Vegetative meristems are typically indeterminate, producing organs continuously, whereas flower meristems are determinate, shutting down their growth after reproductive organs are initiated. Inflorescence meristems can show either pattern. Flower and inflorescence development have been investigated in Gerbera hybrida, an ornamental plant in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. Unlike the common model species used to study flower development, Gerbera inflorescences bear a fixed number of flowers, and the architecture of the flowers differ in that Gerbera ovaries are inferior (borne below the perianth). This architectural difference has been exploited to show that floral meristem determinacy and identity are spatially and genetically distinct in Gerbera, and we have shown that a single SEPALLATA-like MADS domain factor controls both flower and inflorescence meristem fate in the plant. Although these phenomena have not been directly observed in Arabidopsis, the integrative role of the SEPALLATA function in reproductive meristem development may be general for all flowering plants.
Isolation of lignin from wheat straw in the presence of Lewis acids and production of lignin oligomers by redox catalysis (2012)

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