gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Condition of finite element matrices generated from nonuniform meshes. (1972)

N a previous Note1 it has been shown (see also Refs. 2 and 3) that the spectral condition number Cn(K) of the global (stiffness) matrix K arising from a uniform mesh of finite elements (or of finite differences) discretization can be expressed by Cn(K) = cNes2m where 2m is the order of the differential equation and c a coefficient independent of Nes, the number of elements per side, but dependent on the order of the interpolation polynomials inside the element. This condition is natural, since it is inherently associated with the approximation of the continuous problem by the discrete (algebraic) one. Nonuniform meshes of finite elements introduce many additional factors which may adversely affect the condition of the system. It is the purpose of this Note to describe a technique for establishing bounds on the condition number for irregular meshes of finite elements. With these bounds it becomes possible to study the effect of element geometry, the order of interpolation functions and other intrinsic and discretization parameters on Cn(K) and to isolate the factors that may lead to ill-conditioning. The matrix K is termed ill-conditioned when \Q~sCn(K) = 1, where s denotes the number of decimals in the computer. The bounds on Cn(K) are expressed in terms of the extremal eigenvalues of the element matrices. Since the element matrices are of restricted size, derivation of the bounds on Cn(K) as a function of the discretization parameters become straightforward for any problem and any element. Particular attention is focused on the possibility of improving the condition of the matrix by scaling. Bounds on the Extremal Eigenvalues
Electronic spectra of some aromatic mercury compounds (1954)

G. Leandri and A. Tundo, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 3377 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540003377
Bearing Health Diagnosed with a Mobile Phone: Acoustic Signal Measurements Can be Used to Test for Structural Faults in Motors (2018)

According to industry statistics, bearings are the components of low-voltage motors that fail most often. At the same time, the diagnostics of rollingelement bearings constitute a well-established component of the rotating machinery condition-monitoring domain. In many cases, however, the cost of installing a high-end, accelerometer-based bearing condition-monitoring system, which is the most common approach in the industry, may be difficult to justify for noncritical machinery due to the amount of time needed to see a return on this investment. This article examines the potential benefits of using modern, off-the-shelf mobile phones for recording acoustic signals originating from elements of rotating machines to monitor the conditions of rolling-element bearings. The main difficulty in using embedded mobile phone microphones for rotating machinery diagnostic purposes is that the frequency response of the mobile phone's microphone is very poor, i.e., below 200 Hz. The results presented in this article indicate that, with an appropriate signal processing approach, it is possible to detect the presence of faults in the bearings. More specifically, mobile-phone-based sound measurements may contain sufficient information that can not only distinguish between healthy and faulty cases but also determine the specific bearing fault type.
Specific Impedance of Liquids during Ultrasonic Cavitation (2001)

The macroscopic change in the specific impedance of a liquid was analyzed from a microscopic viewpoint on the basis of bubble dynamics. A shift of the electrical characteristics of an ultrasonic vibration system, whose acoustical load includes a contribution from cavitating bubbles, was clarified analytically. Namely, when the bubbles begin to collapse, the real part of the specific impedance decreases gradually. On the other hand, the imaginary part rapidly becomes significant compared to the real part. Therefore, the liquid becomes a light acoustical load, and the amplitude of the electric admittance at the resonant increases rapidly. Moreover, the resonant frequency approaches that in a system without an acoustical load.
Low-order stabilizing controllers (1993)

A method for designing low-order stabilizing controllers is described. It is shown that for some plants the order of stabilizing controllers may be less than or equal to l (respectively m), where l (respectively m) is the number of plant outputs (respectively inputs). An explicit characterization of a set of low-order stabilizing controllers is given and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results of the note.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analyse des performances de la méthode de négociation adaptative de la session Block Acknowledgment pour le standard IEEE 802.11ax (2019)

International audience
Zr and Hf microalloying in an Al–Y–Fe amorphous alloy. Relation between local structure and glass-forming ability (2008)

The effects of the addition of small amounts of Zr and Hf (0.5–3%) on the atomic structure of Al88Y7Fe5 metallic glass were examined from extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments to better understand the influence of these microadditions on the glass-forming ability of this alloy. Measurements at the Zr K and Hf LIII absorption edges allowed the local structures around Zr and Hf atoms to be determined. The same Al environment was found for the different concentrations, consisting of a small cluster extending up to 4.5 Å around the Zr atoms and up to 6 Å around the Hf ones. Although the clustering effect is smaller in the Zr neighbourhood, a drastic shortening of the nearest Zr–Al distance is shown, providing evidence for some covalent character to the bonding, in line with the increased glass-forming ability found in the alloys made with the Zr microaddition.
Los derechos económicos y sociales: una perspectiva histórica. (1998)

A cincuenta años de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos se hace necesario reflexionar sobre la vigencia de éstos. Este trabajo es una revisión sobre el origen y evolución histórica de los derechos económicos y sociales. Éstos no son consustanciales a las democracias liberales. La presión de los actores y fenómenos socio-políticos fueron fundamentales para la instrumentación de políticas sociales que hicieran efectivos estos derechos.
Automatic Virtual Metrology and Deformation Fusion Scheme for Engine-Case Manufacturing (2018)

Industry 4.0 paves the way to smart factory through integrating Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, cloud manufacturing, and big data analytics for various industrial fields. Especially, the machinery industry significantly benefits from these automation techniques in machine-tool quality inspection, cutting-tool remaining-useful-life, surface roughness prediction, etc. However, these innovation technologies are still not executable in the aerospace-component production due to their complex machining conditions, which result in long metrology delays and severe component deformations. To overcome these two challenges of the aerospace industry, this letter proposes to apply the automatic virtual metrology (AVM) system to successfully convert sampling inspections with metrology delay into real-time and online total inspection and to utilize the so-called deformation fusion (DF) scheme for dealing with the component-deformation problem. The application of the flange operation of aerospace engine-case manufacturing is adopted to illustrate the performance of the AVM-plus-DF approach.
Ceramic mini-ball grid array package for high speed device (2002)

We have developed a Ceramic Mini Ball Grid Array (BGA) package for a high speed switch chip (200 MHz) application. In this paper, we describe the 0.5 mm pitch mini BGA package and the processes developed to fabricate this package. In addition, a matching ceramic socket that was developed to test the high speed switch chips is also briefly reviewed. The mini-BGA process enabled the packaging of the switch chip in a 21 mm ceramic substrate with 1521 solder ball connections. The main difference between the mini solder ball connections described here and conventional ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) packages is that 60/40 Pb/Sn eutectic solder is used in the mini-BGA package compared to 90/10 Pb/Sn solder balls used in CBGA packages.
Instructional Communities of Practice during COVID-19: Social Networks and Their Implications for Resilience† (2021)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most spring 2020 university courses were abruptly transitioned mid-semester to remote learning. The current study was an exploratory investigation into the interactions among individuals within a single biology department during this transition. Our goal was to describe the patterns of interactions among members of this community, including with whom they gave advice on instruction, shared materials, co-constructed materials, and shared emotions, during the rapid online transition. We explored how instructional teams (i.e., the instructor of record and graduate teaching assistants, or GTAs, assigned to a single course) organized themselves, and what interactions exist outside of these instructional teams. Using social network analysis, we found that the flow of resources and support among instructional staff within this department suggest a collaborative and resilient community of practice. Most interactions took place between instructional staff teaching in the same course. While faculty members tended to have more connections than GTAs, GTAs remained highly interactive in this community. We consider how the observed networks might reflect a mobilization of social resources that are important for individual and departmental resilience in a time of crisis. Actively promoting supportive networks and network structures may be important as higher education continues to cope and adapt to the changing landscape brought on by COVID-19.
Effect of Surface Treatment on the Performance of LDH Conversion Films (2013)

The preparation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) conversion films on aluminum alloy 2024 substrates is reported. The substrates were subjected to four different surface pre-treatments and the corresponding effect on the obtained films studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion protection conferred to the underlying substrate was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and by the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). The results show that the best performances are obtained when a laboratory mixed alkaline/acidic procedure or an industrial pre-treatment are applied before the LDH growth, which contribute for the increase of native oxide aluminum stability.
Exposure of the lysine in the gamma chain dodecapeptide of human fibrinogen is not enhanced by adsorption to poly(ethylene terephthalate) as measured by biotinylation and mass spectrometry (2011)

Conformational changes in adsorbed fibrinogen may enhance the exposure of platelet adhesive sites that are inaccessible in solution. To test this hypothesis, mass spectrometric methods were developed to quantify chemical modification of lysine residues following adsorption of fibrinogen to biomaterials. The quantitative method used an internal standard consisting of isotope-labeled fibrinogen secreted by human HepG2 cells in culture. Lysine residues in the internal standard were partially reacted with NHS-biotin. For the experimental samples, normal human fibrinogen was adsorbed to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) particles. The adsorbed fibrinogen was reacted with NHS-biotin and then eluted from the particles. Constant amounts of internal standard were added to sample fibrinogen and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biotinylation of the lysine residue in the platelet-adhesive gamma chain dodecapeptide (GCDP) was quantified by comparison with the internal standard. Approximately 80% of the GCDP peptides were biotinylated when fibrinogen was reacted with NHS-biotin in solution or adsorbed onto PET. These results are generally consistent with previous antibody binding studies and suggest that other regions of fibrinogen may be crucial in promoting platelet adhesion to materials. The results do not directly address but are consistent with the hypothesis that only activated platelets adhere to adsorbed fibrinogen.
Construction and Characterization of a PGN_0297 Mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis: Evidence of the Contribution of PGN_0297 to Gingipain Activity. (2019)

The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis shows colonial pigmentation on blood agar and produces gingipains (Kgp, RgpA, and RgpB), cysteine proteases involved in an organism's virulence and pigmentation. We showed previously that deletion of the PGN_0300 gene abolished the pigmentation activity and reduced the proteolytic activity of gingipains. The role of the PGN_0297 gene, which consists of an operon with the PGN_0300 gene, is unclear. Herein we examined the effect of PGN_0297 gene deletion on the pigmentation and proteolytic activities and transcriptional levels of gingipains. A PGN_0297 gene deletion mutant (ΔPGN_0297) did not exhibit the pigmentation. The proteolytic activity of the gingipains was decreased in the culture supernatant and on the cell surface of ΔPGN_0297. The mutant ΔPGN_0297 failed to attenuate Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473, but both phosphorylations were attenuated in the wild-type and its complementation strain. The deletion of PGN_0297 gene did not substantially affect the transcriptional levels of the gingipain genes kgp, rgpA, and rgpB. Taken together, these results indicate that PGN_0297 is closely involved in the secretion and maturation of gingipains.
Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Brain Stem Gliomas. Application of PCR Techniques to Small and Archival Brain Tumor Specimens (1993)

Brain stem gliomas are pediatric astrocytomas that histologically resemble adult supratentorial astrocytomas such as glioblastomas multiforme (GBM). Our molecular genetic studies have suggested that adult GBM can be divided into two genetic subsets: tumors with p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations and chromosome 17p loss that occur more commonly in younger patients; and tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification that occur more commonly in older patients. Brain stem gliomas have not been studied since biopsies of these tumors are rare and extremely small. We investigated the molecular genetic composition of seven brain stem glioblastomas (two small biopsies, five autopsies) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for chromosomal loss, gene mutation and gene amplification. Four cases lost portions of chromosome 17p that included the p53 gene. These four cases and one additional case had mutations in the p53 gene. None of the cases showed amplification of the EGFR gene. Allelic losses of the long arm of chromosome 10 were noted in four cases. These results suggest similarities between pediatric brain stem glioblastomas and those GBM that occur in younger adult patients, and confirm the utility of PCR-based means of studying small and archival brain tumor specimens.
The phytoecdysteroid profiles of 7 species of Silene (Caryophyllaceae) (2009)

The phytoecdysteroid profiles of extracts of aerial parts of flowering plants of 7 ecdysteroid-containing species in the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae; S. fridvaldszkyana Hampe, S. gigantea L., S. graminifolia Otth, S. mellifera Boiss. & Reuter, S. repens Patr., S. schmuckeri Wettst., and S. sendtneri Boiss.) have been examined and identified by HPLC and, in the case of two new compounds, by mass spectrometry and NMR. S. frivaldszkyana was found to contain predominantly 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), with smaller amounts of 2-deoxyecdysone (2dE), 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone (2d20E), polypodine B (polB), integristerone A (IntA), 26-hydroxypolypodine B (26polB), and 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone (20,26E). Additionally, a new minor ecdysteroid, 26-hydroxyintegristerone A, has been identified from this species. S. gigantea contains 3 major ecdysteroids (2dE, 2d20E, and 20E) and much smaller amounts of intA and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 25-beta-D-glucoside, which is a new ecdysteroid. Ecdysteroids in the other 5 species have been identified by co-chromatography with reference compounds on RP- and NP-HPLC systems. There is considerable variability with regard to ecdysteroid profiles within the genus Silene. The chemotaxonomic value of ecdysteroid profiles within the genus Silene is discussed.
Designing Electronic Card Packages Against Shipping Shock (2021)

Abstract In optimizing packaging design, the product’s fragility is qualified by a protype undergoing quantitative and qualitative tests that rely heavily on past knowledge and experiments. By the addition of finite element analysis (FEA), the product’s fragility can be obtained in the initial stages of product design with material characterization and simulation. FEA can predict Gs on the product as well as examine the strains, which interpret product failure more easily in the design stage. To incorporate FEA, first the foam material was measured at various strain rates under compression. Next a shipping package containing an Al block with consistent density was dropped at different heights—610 mm (24”), 915 mm (36”), and 1067 mm (42”)—to confirm the methodology. An I/O book was packaged for the final demonstration incorporating FEA with an electronic card package. In an electronic card package, the electronic assemblies are sensitive to strains on the system board. If the strains on the board are high, the assemblies’ solder connections to the board could be damaged and result in a defect during shipment. The simulations’ predicted Gs and board strains were compared to experimental drop testing results at 610 mm (24”) and 915 mm (36”). The simulation results for each sensor location were within reasonable approximation of the experimental results, verifying that FEA could be used in the initial design stages to predict the accelerations and strains for packaging development in parallel to the product design.
Pairwise Key Generation Scheme for Cellular Mobile Communication (2012)

We present two new key generation schemes for secure communication between a pair of mobile nodes (cell phones). Unlike existing algorithms, our scheme does not (a) store a key chain in the memory from a universal key space, (b) use key broadcast, (c) distribute selected keys to the network nodes, and (d) use database of keys for selecting keys for communication. Rather, the pair of nodes that want to communicate securely generate identical keys independently with the help of a head node. We show the behavior of these schemes through a simple analytical model.
The Development of L2 Given/New Interpretation by L2 Learners of Chinese: Based on the Competition Model (2012)

Based on the Competition Model, this study investigates the utilization of the surface cues of word order, marked cleft structure, animacy, and focal accent for given and new interpretation by L2 learners of Chinese with different L2 proficiency levels. Participants included 20 CFL adult learners with lower Chinese proficiency (LCP), 20 CFL adult learners with higher Chinese proficiency (HCP), and 20 monolingual Taiwanese Mandarin speakers (NCS). The results revealed that: (1) both CFL groups effectively utilized word order cue as NCS did; (2) only HCP utilized cleft structure cue as NCS did; (3) when animacy competed with word order cue, both CFL groups relied more on word order cue as NCS did; when animacy competed with cleft marked structure, only HCP displayed preference for the animacy cue as NCS did; (4) when focal accent competed, or converged with other cues, CFL groups didn't respond consistently; (5) when focal accent conspired with animacy over word order cue, CFL learners relied more on word order cue; when it conspired with animacy over cleft, they responded nonuniformly. Inter-language variations in CFL pragmatic processing were discussed from developmental, cross-linguistic, psycholinguistic, and pragmatic perspectives, with implications drawn for CFL teaching/learning, and theories on L2 acquisition.
Characterization of hydrolysable organic nuclear waste prior to their immobilization in geopolymers by quantitative 1H NMR (2023)

The immobilization of organic liquids in geopolymers – inorganic aluminosilicate cements – has recently been applied efficiently to nuclear waste, where the organic liquid is permanently confined under the form of micrometric droplets. Cutting fluids, a type of nuclear waste, are usually emulsions of organic liquid in water. Eco-friendly cutting fluids are frequently used, composed of vegetable oils. As the immobilization conditions into geopolymers are highly alkaline, saponification reactions are thought to form fatty acid soaps. The latter act as surfactant, thus facilitating the immobilization of the organic liquid by dispersing it in small droplets into the geopolymer matrix. In this contribution, the saponification kinetics in a geopolymer environment are studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectroscopy. Initially, the hydrolysis is performed on sunflower oil (chosen model oil) alone, placed in a typical geopolymer porewater composition. In a second time, this oil is incorporated into a geopolymer, and by grinding the hardened material, and extracting the organic phase, the latter is analysed by NMR. The results indicate that over time the vegetable oil is transformed into fatty acid soaps, by about 40% in 7 days.
Optimisation du métabolisme énergétique du soufre chez la bactérie hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus. (2012)

Impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism has been associated with a wide range of human disorders. Large-scale partial deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause sporadic Kearns-Sayre syndrome, a fatal multisystem disorder, in which the majority of mtDNAs in affected tissues have deletions (Delta-mtDNAs). Since most mtDNA-related diseases, including Kearns-Sayre syndrome, are recessive, only a few wild-type mtDNAs can compensate for the deleterious effects of many Delta-mtDNAs. We have developed a pharmacological approach to reduce the proportion of Delta-mtDNAs in vitro, in which we grow cells in medium containing ketone bodies, replacing glucose as the carbon source. Cells containing 100% Delta-mtDNA died after 5 days of treatment, whereas those containing 100% wild-type mtDNA survived. Furthermore, in a cloned heteroplasmic cell line, the proportion of wild-type mtDNA increased from 13% initially to approximately 22% after 5 days in ketogenic medium and was accompanied by a dramatic improvement in mitochondrial protein synthesis. We also present evidence that treatment with ketone bodies caused "heteroplasmic shifting" not only among cells (ie, intercellular selection) but also within cells (ie, intracellular selection). The demonstration that ketone bodies can distinguish between normal and respiratorily compromised cells points to the potential use of a ketogenic diet to treat patients with heteroplasmic mtDNA disorders.