gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A decision theoretic framework for profit maximization in direct marketing (1996)

One of the most important issues facing a firm involved in direct marketing is the selection of addresses from a mailing list. When the parameters of the model describing consumers' reaction to a mailing are known, addresses for a future mailing can be selected in a profit-maximizing way. Usually, these parameters are unknown and have to be estimated. These estimates are used to rank the potential addressees and to select the best targets. Several methods for this selection process have been proposed in the recent literature. All of these methods consider the estimation and selection step separately. Since estimation uncertainty is neglected, these methods lead to a suboptimal decision rule and hence not to optimal profits. We derive an optimal Bayes decision rule that follows from the firm's profit function and which explicitly takes estimation uncertainly into account. We show that the integral resulting from the Bayes decision rule can be either approximated through a normal posterior, or numerically evaluated by a Laplace approximation or by Markov chain Monte Carlo integration. An empirical example shows that indeed higher profits result.
Nanoscale Thermal Analysis of an Energetic Material (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTNanoscale Thermal Analysis of an Energetic MaterialWilliam P. King, Shubham Saxena, Brent A. Nelson, Brandon L. Weeks, and Rajasekar PitchimaniView Author Information Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Insitute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30080 Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 Cite this: Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 9, 2145–2149Publication Date (Web):August 29, 2006Publication History Received25 May 2006Revised4 August 2006Published online29 August 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl061196phttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl061196prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1550Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Materials,Nanoscale,Organic reactions,Phase transitions,Probes Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of YBa2Cu4O8 at one atmosphere oxygen pressure by the modified citrate gel process (1990)

High Tc superconducting YBa2Cu4O8 was successfully synthesized via a modified citrate gel process at one atmosphere oxygen pressure. The resulting material had a stable and reproducible superconducting transition temperature around 80 K, confirmed by both resistivity and magnetic measurements. This technique can be employed in a large-scale preparation of the YBa2Cu4O8 powders.
Facile Oxy‐Functionalization of a Nucleophilic Metal Alkyl with a cis‐Dioxo Metal Species via a (2+3) Transition State (2008)

Fließender Übergang: Methanol entsteht glatt bei der hydroxidvermittelten Übertragung einer nucleophilen Methylgruppe von Methyltrioxorhenium auf Osmiumtetroxid. Der Prozess läuft in basischer wässriger Lösung über einen cyclischen (2+3)-Übergangszustand ab und wurde 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Mögliche Reaktionswege wurden mit Dichtefunktionalmethoden verglichen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z802575_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Diels-Alder Reaction of Furfurylamine Derivatives with Maleic Anhydride and Its Stereochemistry (1980)

Diels-Alder reaction of furfurylamine derivatives (4a-g) with maleic anhydride is examined. Cycloaddition occurred highly stereoselective manner to give the lactam carboxylic acid (13a-g) in good to excellect yield. Evidences from chemical conversions and spectral examination revealed that the cycloaddition proceeded exclusively in exo manner in contrast to the ordinary Diels-Alder reaction.
Brain-stiffness-mimicking tilapia collagen gel promotes the induction of dorsal cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (2019)

The mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment, including its stiffness, play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the developing brain exhibits spatiotemporal diversity in stiffness, it remains unclear how stiffness regulates stem cell fate towards specific neural lineages. Here, we established a culture substrate that reproduces the stiffness of brain tissue using tilapia collagen for in vitro reconstitution assays. By adding crosslinkers, we obtained gels that are similar in stiffness to living brain tissue (150-1500 Pa). We further examined the capability of the gels serving as a substrate for stem cell culture and the effect of stiffness on neural lineage differentiation using human iPS cells. Surprisingly, exposure to gels with a stiffness of approximately 1500 Pa during the early period of neural induction promoted the production of dorsal cortical neurons. These findings suggest that brain-stiffness-mimicking gel has the potential to determine the terminal neural subtype. Taken together, the crosslinked tilapia collagen gel is expected to be useful in various reconstitution assays that can be used to explore the role of stiffness in neurogenesis and neural functions. The enhanced production of dorsal cortical neurons may also provide considerable advantages for neural regenerative applications.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Ocimum basilicum Linn. and Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. against H2O2 and CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity in goat liver. (2009)

Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained by ethanolic extract of leaves of O. basilicum and T. foenum-graecum against liver damage induced by H2O2 and CCl4 as evidenced by decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (enzymatic and non enzymatic). The extract also showed significant anti lipid peroxidation effects in vitro, besides exhibiting significant activity in superoxide radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging, indicating their potent antioxidant effects.
Ceramic-polymer composite capacitors for compact pulsed power applications (2014)

The U.S. Department of Defense vision for future weapons systems requires the development of electrical pulsers that exceed current state-of-the-art in energy storage density by an order of magnitude or more. Alternatives to conventional wound polymer film and single layer ceramic capacitors are needed. Composite dielectric materials consisting of ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix show promise for attaining the desired increase in energy storage density. Attributes of the polymer (high dielectric strength) and the ceramic (high dielectric constant) can be attained in a single composite dielectric material. Further, fabrication approaches involving casting of the composite offer opportunity for unique form factors, reliable and low cost manufacturing. TPL Inc. and colleagues have teamed to investigate the limits of these new materials for use in high energy density and high power capacitor designs. This paper reports on the development progress of the composite dielectric capacitors for high voltage (50 kV-Class) and high power (>10 MW/J) application. Sub-microsecond pulse discharge life as a function of the charge voltage is compared for four design iterations. Changes in the dielectric formulation, design and manufacturing process have yielded a 1,000x improvement in pulse discharge life and refinement of other critical capacitor characteristics.
How do road infrastructure investments affect the regional economy? Evidence from Spain (2016)

This paper analyses the relationship between road infrastructure improvements and investment in capital assets. Using aggregate data at a provincial level for 1977-2008, an equation for machinery and equipment investment is estimated applying Panel Corrected Standard Errors. The results indicate that the long-term elasticities of investment in relation to market potential, GDP and average years of schooling are 0.90, 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. Additionally, the long run impact of a road infrastructure investment policy is assessed. We find that the elasticities of investment in machinery and equipment, capital stock and GDP in relation to travel time are 1.18, 0.33 and 0.11, respectively.
The Putative Cerean Exosphere (2017)

Abstract The ice-rich crust of dwarf planet 1 Ceres is the source of a tenuous water exosphere, and the behavior of this putative exosphere is investigated with model calculations. Outgassing water molecules seasonally condense around the winter pole in an optically thin layer. This seasonal cap reaches an estimated mass of at least , and the aphelion summer pole may even retain water throughout summer. If this reservoir is suddenly released by a solar energetic particle event, it would form a denser transient water exosphere. Our model calculations also explore species other than H 2 O. Light exospheric species escape rapidly from Ceres due to its low gravity, and hence their exospheres dissipate soon after their respective source has faded. For example, the theoretical turn-over time in a water exosphere is only 7 hr. A significant fraction of CO 2 and SO 2 molecules can get trapped and stored in perennially shadowed regions at the current spin axis orientation, but not at the higher spin axis tilt, leaving H 2 O as the only common volatile expected to accumulate in polar cold traps over long timescales. The D/H fractionation during migration to the cold traps is only about 10%.
Predicting the Progress of Vehicle Development Projects using an Attention-based Encoder-Decoder Model (2022)

The automotive industry is facing a technological transformation. Increasing requirements from customers, markets and the law are raising the complexity of its products. As the car evolves into a “smartphone on wheels”, its development engineers are facing unprecedented challenges. The growing technical product complexity is also pushing conventional project management methods to their limits. This results in changed constraints, which make it all the more necessary to predict the course of a vehicle development project, in advance. The use of deep learning methods offers great potential here. The goal of this paper is to predict the course of vehicle development projects. One of the major challenges are the nonlinearity and aperiodicity of the multivariate data resulting from short- and long-term dynamic behavior. In order to address these challenges, we apply different state-of-the-art methods for multivariate time series prediction onto a real-world dataset and compare as well as evaluate the results quantitatively. As result, we propose a multilevel attention-based seq2seq prediction model for multivariate time series. With this work we lay the foundation for the early detection of deviations from an ideal project course and thereby contribute to the virtual validation of vehicle development projects.
Carbon nanotube survivability in marine environments and method for biofouling removal (2022)

The deep sea survivability and biofouling characteristics of corrosion-resistant bulk carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied after deployment in the Atlantic Ocean over the course of 12 months. Quantification of barnacle count, biofouling density, and non-combustible residue shows cyanoacrylate coatings increase durability and reduce the colonization of biofouling compared to as-received CNTs. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the biofouled CNTs, and the majority of species were identified as diatoms, consisting of an ordered silica cell wall. Both the as-received and cyanoacrylate-treated CNTs were successfully acid purified to remove biogrowth, leading to complete recovery of tensile strength and electrical transport properties. Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, dynamic mechanical analysis, and current carrying capacity measurements validated the refunctionalization results. Thus, the multifunctional property recovery and enhanced durability confirms that CNTs are electrochemically stable in saltwater environments and are resilient to biofouling conditions in real-world environments after extended exposure.
Anatomic Considerations in Posterior Plating of the Cervical Spine (1991)

We evaluated the anatomic structures at risk during posterior plating of the cervical spine and outlined a safe technique for screw insertion. Three cadaveric specimens were evaluated anatomically and radiographically. Screws and wires were inserted into the articular masses at different locations and angulations. The relationship of the neurovascular structures to the screws and wires was noted. To avoid injury to the nerve roots, vertebral artery, and spinal cord, the screw should be placed in the center of the articular masses perpendicular to the vertebral plane with 15 degrees lateral angulation.
Gold Nanorod Rotary Motors Driven by Resonant Light Scattering (2015)

Efficient and robust artificial nanomotors could provide a variety of exciting possibilities for applications in physics, biology and chemistry, including nanoelectromechanical systems, biochemical sensing, and drug delivery. However, the application of current man-made nanomotors is limited by their sophisticated fabrication techniques, low mechanical output power and severe environmental requirements, making their performance far below that of natural biomotors. Here we show that single-crystal gold nanorods can be rotated extremely fast in aqueous solutions through optical torques dominated by plasmonic resonant scattering of circularly polarized laser light with power as low as a few mW. The nanorods are trapped in 2D against a glass surface, and their rotational dynamics is highly dependent on their surface plasmon resonance properties. They can be kept continuously rotating for hours with limited photothermal side effects and they can be applied for detection of molecular binding with high sensitivity. Because of their biocompatibility, mechanical and thermal stability, and record rotation speeds reaching up to 42 kHz (2.5 million revolutions per minute), these rotary nanomotors could advance technologies to meet a wide range of future nanomechanical and biomedical needs in fields such as nanorobotics, nanosurgery, DNA manipulation and nano/microfluidic flow control.
A phase-locked loop using ESO-based loop filter for grid-connected converter: performance analysis (2021)

Abstract An extended state observer (ESO)-based loop filter is designed for the phase-locked loop (PLL) involved in a disturbed grid-connected converter (GcC). This ESO-based design enhances the performances and robustness of the PLL, and, therefore, improves control performances of the disturbed GcCs. Besides, the ESO-based LF can be applied to PLLs with extra filters for abnormal grid conditions. The unbalanced grid is particularly taken into account for the performance analysis. A tuning approach based on the well-designed PI controller is discussed, which results in a fair comparison with conventional PI-type PLLs. The frequency domain properties are quantitatively analysed with respect to the control stability and the noises rejection. The frequency domain analysis and simulation results suggest that the performances of the generated ESO-based controllers are comparable to those of the PI control at low frequency, while have better ability to attenuate high-frequency measurement noises. The phase margin decreases slightly, but remains acceptable. Finally, experimental tests are conducted with a hybrid power hardware-in-the-loop benchmark, in which balanced/unbalanced cases are both explored. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of ESO-based PLLs when applied to the disturbed GcC.
Asymmetric tandem Claisen-ene strategy for steroid total synthesis: an efficient access to (+)-9(11)-dehydroestrone methyl ether (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric tandem Claisen-ene strategy for steroid total synthesis: an efficient access to (+)-9(11)-dehydroestrone methyl etherKoichi Mikami, Kazuhiko Takahashi, and Takeshi NakaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 10, 4035–4037Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00166a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
WhiteMesh: Leveraging white spaces in wireless mesh networks (2016)

While there were high hopes for multihop wireless networks (mesh) to provide ubiquitous Wi-Fi in many cities, in-field trials revealed the node spacing required for Wi-Fi propagation induced a prohibitive cost model for network carriers to deploy. However, the digitization of TV channels and new FCC regulations have reapportioned spectrum for data networks with far greater range than WiFi due to lower carrier frequencies. In this paper, we analyze our in-field measurements in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex of channel occupancy in both WiFi and white space frequencies to deploy a wireless multihop backhaul tier. We design a measurement-driven heuristic algorithm, Band-based Path Selection (BPS), to approach optimal channel assignment of both white space and WiFi spectrum with reduced computational complexity. Numerical results show that BPS nearly doubles the served traffic of existing multi-channel, multi-radio algorithms, which are agnostic to diverse propagation characteristics across bands. Most importantly, this paper lays a foundation for the optimal use of white space and WiFi bands in the backhaul tiers of mesh networks across diverse population densities.
Helical Chirality in Donor-Acceptor Catenanes (2004)

A [2]catenane in which the macrocyclic polyether, bisparaphenylene[34]crown-10, is interlocked with the tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), is shown by dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopy, using (i). neutral and (ii). anionic chiral shift reagents (CSRs), to exist at low temperatures (197 K) in acetone-d(6) solutions as 1:1 and 2:1 mixtures of diastereoisomeric complexes and salts, respectively, as a consequence of the helical chirality associated with the [2]catenane interacting with the CSRs.
Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Shape Measurement Using a Triangulation Method Sensor with Optical Skid (2015)

On-machine measurement is used in ultra-processing machining, but it is seldom used in precision machining. For on-machine measurement, it is necessary that the sensor not be easily affected by the moving error or environment vibration in the field of precision machining. A triangulation method sensor with the optical skid method made using a new design concept is proposed to remove the moving error and vibration. The optical skid method used two laser spots with different sizes: the small spot diameter is the stylus and the large spot diameter is the skid [1]. The difference between these two signals reflects the surface shape. The developed sensor comprises an optical source and two optical receiving systems. Each optical receiving system has an imaging lens and a detector. Instead of two laser spots of different sizes, two detectors with different sizes of receiving area serve as the optical skid. Results confirmed the possibility of reducing the influence of the vibration using the developed sensor. In on-machine measurements, measurement of the surface profile with long wavelength is often necessary. If the spot diameter of the skid is not much larger than the surface profile wavelength, then the smoothing effect of the skid is reduced. Therefore, the amplitude of the measured profile by the skid sensor is smaller than actual amplitude of the workpiece. This paper presents a method of reconstructing the surface profile from the measurement results and the obtained effects of the reconstruction method from simulations and experiments.
Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 3: Relative Resistance in above- and in-Ground Situations—Results of a Global Survey (2021)

Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.