gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Healthy Menus for Older Adults Using a Hybrid Honey Bees Mating Optimization Approach (2015)

This paper models the problem of generating healthy menu recommendations for older adults as an optimization problem and proposes a hybrid Honey Bees Mating Optimization method for solving this problem. The method hybridizes the state of the art Honey Bees Mating Optimization meta-heuristic by injecting strategies inspired from Genetic Algorithms, Hill Climbing, Simulated Annealing, and Tabu Search into the steps that generate new solutions of the optimization problem. The method has been integrated in a food ordering system enabling older adults to order food daily. Experiments have been conducted on several hybridization configurations to identify the most appropriate hybridization that leads to the healthy menu recommendation that best satisfies the older adult's diet recommended by the nutritionist, its culinary preferences and time and price constraints.
UV Protection and Singlet Oxygen Quenching Activity of Aloesaponarin I (2007)

The UV protection and singlet oxygen quenching of aloesaponarin I have been studied by means of laser spectroscopy. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer that provides the UV protection takes place along only one of the molecule's two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and this can be understood by considering the nodal pattern of the wave function. The functional groups participating in the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer also play important roles in the singlet oxygen quenching. Aloesaponarin I has a quenching rate constant larger than that of vitamin E and has a long duration of action due to its resistance to UV degradation and chemical attacks by singlet oxygen and free radicals.
TFAP2B Influences the Effect of Dietary Fat on Weight Loss under Energy Restriction (2012)

Under energy restriction, TFAP2B may modify the effect of dietary fat intake on weight loss and waist reduction.
Lung function in COPD (2004)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by gradual progression of respiratory disability from symptoms that are merely irritating, such as a morning cough, through to breathlessness on minimal exertion, ventilatory failure and death. Physiology is relevant at both extremes of this spectrum though the purpose changes. Specifically for patients in an early stage of disease physiological techniques may be used to diagnose the condition. Early diagnosis allows rational focussing of smoking cessation therapies as well as, in the future, the possible prescription of disease modifying agents. For patients with advanced disease, agents that modify the course of the disease are likely to have limited value even if they are effective in patients with early disease; however it is in these patients that an understanding of physiological mechanisms may allow the prescription of novel nonpharmacologic therapies such as lung volume reduction surgery.
Rechargeable lithium/polymer cathode batteries. Technical report, July 1988-June 1989 (1989)

Polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAn) were investigated for cathode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries. PPy films prepared with PF6(-) anion and/or Platinum substrate precoated with nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) were excellent cathode materials because of rough and/or highly oriented film structure. PAn films were successfully prepared from non-aqueous propylene carbonate solution containing aniline, CF{sub 3}COOH and lithium perchlorate. Its acidity strongly affects the anion doping-undoping behavior. The Pan cathode prepared in high acidic solution (e.g. 4:1 ratio of acid:aniline) gives the excellent battery performance.
Characterization of the Stat5 Protease (1999)

Immature myeloid cells have been shown to transduce signals through a carboxyl-terminally truncated isoform of Stat5. This functionally distinct signal transducer and activator of transcription isoform is generated through a unique protein-processing event. Evaluation of numerous cell lines has determined that there is a direct correlation between the expression of truncated Stat5 and protease activity. Moreover, protease activity is found only in the myeloid and not in lymphoid progenitors. To further characterize the protease small quantities have been purified to near homogeneity. Studies on this purified material indicate that the protease has an apparent molecular mass of approximately 25 kDa and is active over a wide range of pH values. The protease will also cleave both activated (i.e. tyrosine-phosphorylated) and inactivate Stat5. Although this activity is sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, it is notably not sensitive to several other serine protease inhibitors. Additional studies have led to the identification of the unique site where the protease cleaves Stat5. Mutagenesis of this site renders Stat5 resistant to cleavage. Consistent with the model that Stat5 cleavage is important for early myeloid development, introduction of a "non-cleavable" isoform of Stat5 into FDC-P1 cells (a myeloid progenitor line) leads to significant phenotypic changes.
Abstract 368: Next generation DNA aptamers with prolonged stability and antitumor activity (2019)

Aberrations in Gas6/AXL signaling is associated with many human diseases including ovarian cancer, where in patients expressing high levels of AXL have shorter overall survival than patients expressing low levels. Aptamers are short synthetic oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can bind with highest specificity to various other macromolecules such as peptides, proteins and carbohydrates, based on their tertiary structures. Aptamers are similar in their functionality to antibodies in their specificity;easier to manufacture than antibodies; have minimal side effects; and thus hold a high promise as therapeutics. The typical issues with the use of aptamers as therapeutic agents are their selectivity, stability, and bioavailability. We present the development of the next generation DNA aptamers, targeting p-AXL specifically to as a therapeutic in ovarian cancer (OC) by chemical modifications to their primary sequence. Improved bioavailability and stability, based on the comparative analysis the library of 17 DNA aptamers that differed in the position and number of fluoro- and thio- modifications on their nucleotide sequence, were used as the criteria for the selection and characterization of the best aptamer candidates to target p-AXL. Two of the best candidates, GLB-G25 and GLB-A04 thus chosen with the highest bioavailability and stability, when tested in ovarian cancer cell lines, decreased the migration and invasion of cells in vitro. Treatment of ovarian cancer orthotopic murine model animals with modified DNA aptamer candidates chosen above significantly reduced tumor growth and the number of metastases. The candidates, GLB-G25 and GLB-A04 show highest potential to be developed into therapeutics to target p-AXL that is elevated in several cancers including ovarian cancer.Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.Citation Format: Paola AMERO, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Rajan R. Chaudhari, Shuxing Zhang, Anil K. Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein. Next generation DNA aptamers with prolonged stability and antitumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 368.
Comparative Analyses of Chromosome Alterations in Soft-Tissue Metastases within and across Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2009)

Androgen deprivation is the mainstay of therapy for progressive prostate cancer. Despite initial and dramatic tumor inhibition, most men eventually fail therapy and die of metastatic castration-resistant (CR) disease. Here, we characterize the profound degree of genomic alteration found in CR tumors using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), gene expression arrays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bycluster analysis, we show that the similarity of the genomic profiles from primary and metastatic tumors is driven by the patient. Using data adjusted for this similarity, we identify numerous high-frequency alterations in the CR tumors, such as 8p loss and chromosome 7 and 8q gain. By integrating array CGH and expression array data, we reveal genes whose correlated values suggest they are relevant to prostate cancer biology. We find alterations that are significantly associated with the metastases of specific organ sites, and others with CR tumors versus the tumors of patients with localized prostate cancer not treated with androgen deprivation. Within the high-frequency sites of loss in CR metastases, we find an overrepresentation of genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism, including PTEN. Finally, using FISH, we verify the presence of a gene fusion between TMPRSS2 and ERG suggested by chromosome 21 deletions detected by array CGH. We find the fusion in 54% of our CR tumors, and 81% of the fusion-positive tumors contain cells with multiple copies of the fusion. Our investigation lays the foundation for a better understanding of and possible therapeutic targets for CR disease, the poorly responsive and final stage of prostate cancer.
A Comprehensive Guide to Digital Landscape Photography (2003)

From the Publisher:
By thoroughly dissecting and annotating sumptuous digital landscapes, this second title in the Digital Photography series reveals the secrets of creating great landscape pictures. Find out how to manipulate point of view, light, arrangement, and timing for superb, artistic results. With a little imagination and digital retouching, it's possible to change the weather in a photo or produce dramatic effects. See how to get giant images and panoramas (great for mountain ranges or cityscapes), correct slants, boost a picture's brightness and sharpness, add layers of color, combine images in a montage, and more!
Gradient-Leaks: Understanding and Controlling Deanonymization in Federated Learning (2018)

Federated Learning (FL) systems are gaining popularity as a solution to training Machine Learning (ML) models from large-scale user data collected on personal devices (e.g., smartphones) without their raw data leaving the device. At the core of FL is a network of anonymous user devices sharing training information (model parameter updates) computed locally on personal data. However, the type and degree to which user-specific information is encoded in the model updates is poorly understood. In this paper, we identify model updates encode subtle variations in which users capture and generate data. The variations provide a strong statistical signal, allowing an adversary to effectively deanonymize participating devices using a limited set of auxiliary data. We analyze resulting deanonymization attacks on diverse tasks on real-world (anonymized) user-generated data across a range of closed- and open-world scenarios. We study various strategies to mitigate the risks of deanonymization. As random perturbation methods do not offer convincing operating points, we propose data-augmentation strategies which introduces adversarial biases in device data and thereby, offer substantial protection against deanonymization threats with little effect on utility.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Transcriptional Programs following Genetic Alterations in <i>p53</i>, <i>INK4A</i>, and <i>H-Ras</i> Genes along Defined Stages of Malignant Transformation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Transcriptional Programs following Genetic Alterations in &lt;i&gt;p53&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;INK4A&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;H-Ras&lt;/i&gt; Genes along Defined Stages of Malignant Transformation
Skeletal morphofunctional considerations and the pituitary-thyroid axis (2009)

The past decade has unraveled novel molecular mechanisms not only of skeletal remodeling, which is the process by which the skeleton is restructured throughout adult life, but also the precision by which the skeleton is put together during embryogenesis and later modeled during growth. It is now possible to delete single genes in individual cells and during specified periods of life. This has allowed us to pin down specific molecular events that underlie individual cellular processes, and also importantly, to identify molecular defects underlying disorders of skeletal morphogenesis and remodeling. Particularly novel has been the demonstration of cross-talk, some of which is humoral, between the skeleton and organs as diverse as the brain, pituitary, and even adipose tissue and pancreas. The current review describes these molecular mechanisms in relation to the way thyroid hormones, and the pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH), regulate skeletal morphogenesis and remodeling.
Treponema pallidum invades intercellular junctions of endothelial cell monolayers. (1988)

The pathogenesis of syphilis reflects invasive properties of Treponema pallidum, but the actual mode of tissue invasion is unknown. We have found two in vitro parallels of treponemal invasiveness. We tested whether motile T. pallidum could invade host cells by determining the fate of radiolabeled motile organisms added to a HeLa cell monolayer; 26% of treponemes associated with the monolayer in a trypsin-resistant niche, presumably between the monolayer and the surface to which it adhered, but did not attain intracellularity. Attachment of T. pallidum to cultured human and rabbit aortic and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was 2-fold greater than to HeLa cells. We added T. pallidum to aortic endothelial cells grown on membrane filters under conditions in which tight intercellular junctions had formed. T. pallidum was able to pass through the endothelial cell monolayers without altering tight junctions, as measured by electrical resistance. In contrast, heat-killed T. pallidum and the nonpathogen Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter failed to penetrate the monolayer. Transmission electron micrographs of sections of the monolayer showed T. pallidum in intercellular junctions. Our in vitro observations suggest that these highly motile spirochetes may leave the circulation by invading the junctions between endothelial cells.
Activation of the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 119: A Conformation-Based Hypothesis for Understanding Agonist Response (2011)

The synthesis and properties of the bridged piperidine (oxaazabicyclo) compounds 8, 9, and 11 are described. A conformational analysis of these structures is compared with the representative GPR119 ligand 1. These results and the differences in agonist pharmacology are used to formulate a conformation-based hypothesis to understand activation of the GPR119 receptor. We also show for these structures that the agonist pharmacology in rat masks the important differences in human pharmacology.
Initial Investigation of Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus Aureus in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2015)

S. aureus SCVs were not associated with CRS in the current study. Their role in refractory CRS remains theoretical, and further research is warranted to determine whether S. aureus SCVs may reside in the intracellular compartment.
Characterization of glycosphingolipid epimers by radical-directed dissociation mass spectrometry (2016)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are important metabolic regulators that control critical cellular functions and are found in all cell membranes. GSL epimers which only differ in the orientation of a single OH group are indicators for different lysosomal storage diseases. In this study, we investigate structural discrimination of GSL isomers using radical-directed dissociation (RDD). Radical fragmentation of different GSL species can be enabled by either noncovalent or covalent modification strategies. The results reveal that RDD can quantitatively distinguish lyso-GSL epimers without the requirement of prior separation by liquid chromatography. In addition, it is demonstrated that covalent labeling with boronic acid enables chemical separation of the two glycolipids isomers due to differential reactiviy of the respective sugar moiteties, offering another avenue for both molecular identification and radical characterization.
Design Considerations for External Compensation Approaches to OLED Display Degradation (2020)

This paper presents design considerations for compensation circuitry that addresses OLED display degradation. It focuses on an external compensation method that utilizes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the column driver IC. External compensation has the advantage of addressing both threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) and mobility (μ) shifts in the driving thin-film transistor (TFT). By maintaining pixel-to-pixel luminance uniformity, it addresses not only image sticking issues but also leads to a lifetime extension of the OLED pixels. Especially for large-sized OLED panels, it is important to understand the noise contributions from the analog front-end of the compensation circuitry. Noise contributions for each component are thus analyzed for maximizing the overall compensation performance. The analysis results show that the noise from the driving TFT and the display panel's parasitics dominate the total noise and that reducing the noise bandwidth can be an effective noise mitigation strategy. Furthermore, the presented results provide guidance on the required ADC specifications.
MIRA: A Multi-layered On-Chip Interconnect Router Architecture (2008)

Recently, Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures have gained popularity to address the interconnect delay problem for designing CMP / multi-core/SoC systems in deep sub-micron technology. However, almost all prior studies have focused on 2D NoC designs. Since three dimensional (3D) integration has emerged to mitigate the interconnect delay problem, exploring the NoC design space in 3D can provide ample opportunities to design high performance and energy-efficient NoC architectures. In this paper, we propose a 3D stacked NoC router architecture, called MIRA, which unlike the 3D routers in previous works, is stacked into multiple layers and optimized to reduce the overall area requirements and power consumption. We discuss the design details of a four-layer 3D NoC and its enhanced version with additional express channels, and compare them against a (6times6) 2D design and a baseline 3D design. All the designs are evaluated using a cycle-accurate 3D NoC simulator, and integrated with the Orion power model for performance and power analysis. The simulation results with synthetic and application traces demonstrate that the proposed multi-layered NoC routers can outperform the 2D and naive 3D designs in terms of performance and power. It can achieve up to 42% reduction in power consumption and up to 51% improvement in average latency with synthetic workloads. With real workloads, these benefits are around 67% and 38%, respectively.
Diffusion tree restructuring for indirect reference counting (2000)

A new variant algorithm for distributed acyclic garbage detection is presented for use in hybrid garbage collectors. The existing fault-tolerance of Piquer's Indirect Reference Counting (IRC) is qualitatively improved by this new approach. The key insight that underpins this work is the observation that the parent of a node in the IRC diffusion tree need not remain constant. The new variant exploits standard mechanisms for implementing diffusion trees and remote references, using four simple low-cost techniques to dynamically restructure the trees to reduce their depth. This variant reduces third-party dependencies, which make standard IRC vulnerable to process failure, while retaining tolerance of message reordering and without incurring substantial overheads. The paper carefully motivates the algorithm, presents the full technical basis for its development, provides a clear explanation of implementation details and includes an initial discussion of performance issues.
Leuprolide Acetate Therapy in Luteinizing Hormone–Dependent Cushing's Syndrome (1999)

Corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome is usually caused by cortisol-secreting adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or (rarely) bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. In some patients with this syndrome, the excess secretion of cortisol is caused by abnormal adrenal expression and function of receptors for various hormones, including gastric inhibitory polypeptide,1–6 vasopressin,7–9 β-adrenergic agonists,10 and interleukin-1.11 These findings suggest that diverse other hormone receptors could be implicated in other patients.12 We describe a woman with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome that was clinically manifested transiently during her pregnancies and became constant only after menopause. The patient's cortisol secretion was stimulated by luteinizing hormone . . .
Detectability of perfusion defect in five‐dimensional gated‐dynamic cardiac SPECT images (2010)

The proposed metrics can be used to produce new types of visualizations, showing wall motion and perfusion information, that may potentially be useful for clinical evaluation. Since 5D imaging permits wall motion and kinetics to be observed simultaneously, it may ultimately obviate the need for separate stress and rest scans.
Measurement of a planar discharge and its interaction with a neutral background gas (2003)

The evolution of a weakly ionized magnetized sheet plasma generated in 100-200 mtorr air has been investigated. A 1.2/spl times/50 cm hollow cathode imbedded in a 250 Gauss magnetic field was used to produce a 50/spl times/60 /spl times/2-cm planar plasma sheet with an electron density n/sub e//spl cong/10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/. Such plasmas have applications in microwave beam steering and plasma processing. Time-resolved measurements of the discharge parameters, local electric field, electron density and temperature, optical emissions, and microwave transmission show the effects of neutral gas heating on formation of the plasma. A beam-generated negative glow discharge was formed at low neutral gas density and high beam voltage. At higher gas densities and lower beam voltages, a positive column discharge sustained by avalanche ionization formed in the region near the anode. For pulsed discharges with t>150 /spl mu/s, a transition from the positive column to the negative glow mode was observed due to heating of the neutral gas.
A low-cost satellite terminal for measuring Ka-band propagation to low earth orbit using the CASSIOPE satellite (2015)

Although Ka-band links to communication satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) have been used for many years, their use in communicating with communication and remote sensing satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) is still emerging. Of particular interest to designers is characterization of the rate of fading, i.e., the so-called fade slope, which is accentuated on links to satellites to LEO by the rapid manner in which the Earth-space path sweeps though rain cells in the vicinity of the Earth station as the satellite passes across the sky. Fade slopes steepen as the orbital altitude of the satellite decreases and as the intensity of individual rain cells increases. The result has important implications for the design of the power control loops and other mitigation strategies used to mitigate rain fading on such links. Only a few satellites in LEO carry Ka-band propagation beacons or receivers suitable for use in propagation studies and, for various reasons, relatively little measurement data to support design of such links is available.