gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational Transition in the Aminoacyl t‐RNA Site of the Bacterial Ribosome both in the Presence and Absence of an Aminoglycoside Antibiotic (2007)

Peptide bonds are made at the ribosomal decoding site. Structural information reveals that two bases in the RNA that constitute the decoding site, A1492 and A1493, can have both intrahelical and extrahelical conformations. Aminoglycoside antibiotics bind to the decoding site, and the structural information reveals the two bases in the extrahelical positions. We have shown by explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations and free-energy calculations that ribosomal RNA bases A1492 and A1493 are inherently prone to sampling conformational states that include both intrahelical and extrahelical positions. The simulations reveal that base flipping occurs through the minor groove of the double helix. Furthermore, free-energy calculations for the conformational change of the bases to the extrahelical positions in both processes are exergonic and highly favorable. It is likely that the correct codon-anticodon recognition by mRNA and tRNA arrests the bases in extrahelical conformations in the course of normal translation. In contrast, the sequestration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic at the decoding site facilitates the conformational change of the bases to the extrahelical position. Once the antibiotic is bound, the extrahelical positions for the bases are highly favored based on contributions by both electrostatic and entropic components of the free energy for the process.
A fast and efficient pre-doping approach to high energy density lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (2014)

We demonstrate that the internal short (IS) approach is a fast and efficient process for lithium pre-doping in lithium-ion capacitors.
Measurement of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Activity (1999)

Abstract Protoporphyrinogen oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protophyrin. It is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme and it is the target of photobleaching herbicides. The basic assay presented in this unit for measuring oxidase activity is based on oxidation of the colorless, nonfluorescent substrate, protoporphyrinogen, to the colored, fluorescent protophyrin. Alternate protocols are provided for the measuring the accumulation of protoporphyrinogen resulting from a decrease in oxidase activity due to treatment with diphenylether herbicides or oxidase inhibitor.
GaAsP Top Solar Cell of Three-Terminal GaAsP/SiGe on Si Tandem Solar Cells (2014)

Integrating a high voltage solar cell on a crystalline silicon solar cell can lead to a 40% increase in efficiency for a silicon-based solar cell. GaAsP with its wide band gap and good diode performance is an excellent top cell candidate on this silicon-based tandem solar cell. A SiGe buffer grown between GaAsP and Si leads to latticematching. SiGe can also be designed as a bottom cell to increase power output. This 3-terminal approach splits the stack into two cells and facilitates individual analysis by adding middle metal contacts between top GaAsP and bottom SiGe solar cells. This paper describes design, fabrication and improvement of a GaAsP top cell in this 3-terminal GaAsP/SiGe tandem solar cell on silicon. Initial efficiency of GaAsP top cell with AR coating has achieved 18.4%. Bandgap-voltage offset under open circuit condition (Woc) achieved 0.48V. With improved optics and fill factor, the efficiency of this GaAsP top cell is expected to be more than 22%.
Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in E-Commerce: A Case Study in Higher Learning Institutions in Johor (2023)

Customer satisfaction is an essential experience in e-commerce. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of customer satisfaction in e-commerce. This case study adopted its theoretical framework from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). It also applied a quantitative research methodology by using self-administered questionnaires as a measurement tool in gathering sample data. The sample were student’s students from various course backgrounds in higher learning institutions in Johor. A total of 224 students answered the questionnaires. IBM SPSS version 26 was used to analyse the sample data. A test of reliability was carried out using the Cronbach's alpha method. Later, using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to assess the interrelationship between the independent and dependent variables, predictors and criteria values were identified. The findings revealed that user interface quality, product information quality, security perception, and privacy perception had a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. However, e-service quality had a negative relationship and had no significant impact on customer satisfaction. This study provides insight into the influencing aspects and their functions. This would allow e-commerce firms to improve their websites based on the findings. Keywords: customer satisfaction, e-commerce, B2C, TRA, influencing factors
Cardiac remodeling in the mouse model of Marfan syndrome develops into two distinctive phenotypes (2015)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in fibrillin-1. Cardiac dysfunction in MFS has not been characterized halting the development of therapies of cardiac complication in MFS. We aimed to study the age-dependent cardiac remodeling in the mouse model of MFS FbnC1039G+/- mouse [Marfan heterozygous (HT) mouse] and its association with valvular regurgitation. Marfan HT mice of 2-4 mo demonstrated a mild hypertrophic cardiac remodeling with predominant decline of diastolic function and increased transforming growth factor-β canonical (p-SMAD2/3) and noncanonical (p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK) signaling and upregulation of hypertrophic markers natriuretic peptides atrium natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. Among older HT mice (6-14 mo), cardiac remodeling was associated with two distinct phenotypes, manifesting either dilated or constricted left ventricular chamber. Dilatation of left ventricular chamber was accompanied by biochemical evidence of greater mechanical stress, including elevated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and higher brain natriuretic peptide expression. The aortic valve regurgitation was registered in 20% of the constricted group and 60% of the dilated group, whereas mitral insufficiency was observed in 40% of the constricted group and 100% of the dilated group. Cardiac dysfunction was not associated with the increase of interstitial fibrosis and nonmyocyte proliferation. In the mouse model fibrillin-1, haploinsufficiency results in the early onset of nonfibrotic hypertrophic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, independently from valvular abnormalities. MFS heart is vulnerable to stress-induced cardiac dilatation in the face of valvular regurgitation, and stress-activated MAPK signals represent a potential target for cardiac management in MFS.
Prospective Subunit Nanovaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection─Cubosome Lipid Nanocarriers of Cord Factor, Trehalose 6,6′ Dimycolate (2023)

An improved vaccine is urgently needed to replace the now more than 100-year-old Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) disease, which represents a significant burden on global public health. Mycolic acid, or cord factor trehalose 6,6' dimycolate (TDM), a lipid component abundant in the cell wall of the pathogen <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB), has been shown to have strong immunostimulatory activity but remains underexplored due to its high toxicity and poor solubility. Herein, we employed a novel strategy to encapsulate TDM within a cubosome lipid nanocarrier as a potential subunit nanovaccine candidate against TB. This strategy not only increased the solubility and reduced the toxicity of TDM but also elicited a protective immune response to control MTB growth in macrophages. Both pre-treatment and concurrent treatment of the TDM encapsulated in lipid monoolein (MO) cubosomes (MO-TDM) (1 mol %) induced a strong proinflammatory cytokine response in MTB-infected macrophages, due to epigenetic changes at the promoters of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in comparison to the untreated control. Furthermore, treatment with MO-TDM (1 mol %) cubosomes significantly improved antigen processing and presentation capabilities of MTB-infected macrophages to CD4 T cells. The ability of MO-TDM (1 mol %) cubosomes to induce a robust innate and adaptive response in vitro was further supported by a mathematical modeling study predicting the vaccine efficacy in vivo. Overall, these results indicate a strong immunostimulatory effect of TDM when delivered through the lipid nanocarrier, suggesting its potential as a novel TB vaccine.
Machine Learning based Classification of Online News Data for Disaster Management (2020)

The exponential escalation of disaster loss in our country has led to the awareness that disaster risks are presumably increasing. As per statistics, India has confronted 371 natural hazards over the past few decades and severe casualties, infrastructural, agricultural and economic damages were recorded [1]. Credible and real time data such as news content are accessible liberally in legitimate websites and its analysis may provide assistance in administering hazard emergencies, preparedness and relief efficiently. On this grounds, a data scraping approach is proposed to gather hazard relevant news stories from the web by building a crawler software and incorporate machine learning approaches to filter out insightful information. The developed crawler software visits news reporting web pages and extracts news stories related to hazards. News illustrations are often unstructured as it includes less newsworthy content such as author’s opinions, interview responses and past studies. Hence, a supervised learning based text classification is performed to classify newsworthy content from news articles and approximately 70 percent accuracy was achieved.
Development of context-adaptive applications on the basis of runtime user interface models (2010)

One of the challenges faced by developers of applications for smart environments is the diversity of contexts of use. Applications in smart environments must cope with continuously changing context of use, so the developers need to prepare them for a possibly broad range of situations. Since the developer has no access to all environments, in which her application will be executed, it must be possible to simulate different environments and evaluate the behavior of the application at design time. In our demonstration the designer has the possibility to simulate and modify a runtime context model and observe as her application adapts on the fly. In the underlying runtime architecture applications, defined as sets of models, are adapted automatically on the basis of the information held in the runtime context model. A visual tool enables the user interface developer to access and modify the models at any time and immediately observe the behavior of the application.
Supplementary Tables 1-3, Supplementary Figures 1-14 from Tumor-Infiltrating and Peripheral Blood T-cell Immunophenotypes Predict Early Relapse in Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the analyzed patients; Table S2. Antibodies and conditions used for the IHC studies; Table S3. List of immune-related genes analyzed by Low Density Array; Figure S1. Gating and data analysis strategy; Figure S2. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell differentiation in ccRCC TIL, and autologous PBL and RIL; Figure S3. Gap statistics according to the possible number of clusters of TIL phenotype. Optimal cut-off according to firstSEmax method (R package: cluster) is displayed (dotted line); Figure S4. PCA analysis including RIL and TIL phenotype. TIL clusters are displayed; Figure S5. Tumor size according to TIL clusters; Figure S6. Percentages of CD4+TIL expressing AM and InR according to tumor clusters. C1, Cluster1; C2, Cluster2; C3, Cluster3; Figure S7. Percentages of CD8+TIL expressing AM and InR according to tumor clusters. C1, Cluster1; C2, Cluster2; C3, Cluster3; Figure S8. Clonality Index and frequency of top 15 clonotypes in CD8+PD-1+ TIL according to tumor clusters. C1, Cluster1; C2, Cluster2; C3, Cluster3; Figure S9. Corrected P values for the differential gene expression between TIL clusters; Figure S10. Correlation matrix including TLS-related genes and immune cells densities in Immune-activated and Immune-regulated tumors; Figure S11. Percentages of CD4+PBL expressing differentiation markers, AM and InR in healthy controls (HC) and ccRCC-bearing patients; Figure S12. Percentages of CD8+PBL expressing differentiation markers, AM and InR in HC and ccRCC-bearing patients; Figure S13. Percentages of CD4+PBL expressing differentiation markers, AM and InR according to PBL Clusters; Figure S14. Percentages of CD8+PBL expressing differentiation markers, AM and InR according to PBL Clusters.&lt;/p&gt;
Singlet–Triplet Mixing Due to g-Factor Mismatch in Double Quantum Dot (2011)

Two electron spins form the spin singlet or triplet state if these spins have the same g -factor value, or a mix state consisting of both the singlet and triplet states if these spins have different g -factor values. It is considered that two energy levels of electrons are formed in a double quantum dot device for use in quantum information processing; however, the g -factors of the electrons have not been treated as an important factor because they cannot be changed easily in experiments. We introduce a numerical calculation method for the singlet–triplet mix state due to the g -factor mismatch in double quantum dots. It is found that this mismatch changes the energy levels of the original singlet and triplet states; thus, it affects the intersecting points of the energy levels of the singlet and triplet states where a dynamic nuclear polarization appears via hyperfine interaction.
Adaptive control of Unmanned Aerial Systems (2010)

Adaptive control is considered to be one of the key enabling technologies for future high-performance, safety-critical systems such as air-breathing hypersonic vehicles.Adaptive flight control systems offer improved performance and increased robustness to uncertainties by virtue of their ability to adjust control parameters as a function of online measurements.Extensive research in the field of adaptive control theory has enabled the design, analysis, and synthesis of stable adaptive systems.We are now entering the stage in which adaptive flight control systems have reached the requisite level of maturity for application to hardware flight platforms.Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide a unique opportunity for the transition of adaptive controllers from theory to practice.The small, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) examined in this thesis offer a low-cost, low-risk stepping stone between simulation and application to higher-risk systems in which safety is a critical concern.Unmanned aircraft also offer several benefits over their manned counterparts including extreme persistence, maneuverability, lower weight and smaller size.Furthermore, several missions such as surveillance, exploration, search-and-track, and lifting of heavy loads are best accomplished by a UAS consisting of multiple UAVs.This thesis addresses some of the challenges involved with the application of adaptive flight control systems to UAS.Novel adaptive control architectures are developed to overcome performance limitations of UAS, the most significant of which is a large time delay due to communication and limited onboard processing.Analytical tools that allow the calculation of a theoretically justified time delay limit are also developed.These tools in turn lead to an estimate of the time-delay margin of the closed-loop system which is an essential part of the validation and verification methodology for intelligent flight control systems.These approaches are validated numerically using a series of simulation studies.These controllers and analytical methods are then applied to the UAV, demonstrating improved performance and increased robustness to time delays.Also introduced in this thesis is a novel adaptive methodology for coordinated adaptive control of a multi-vehicle UAS.Including two distinct classes of adaptive algorithms at both the local and global levels was found to result, both in simulation and in actual flight
Oligomers and Polymers Containing Phenylethynyl Groups (2000)

In the pursuit of resins that offer a unique combination of properties primarily for high-performance, high-temperature electronic and aerospace applications, oligomers and polymers containing phen...
Insecticidal Activity of <I>Citrus aurantium</I> Fruit, Leaf, and Shoot Extracts Against Adult Olive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2007)

Solvent extracts of differing polarity from Citrus aurantium (L.) (Rutaceae) fruit, leaves, and shoots were evaluated for biological activity against adults of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Using a petri dish residual exposure bioassay, we found that the petroleum ether extract from fruit alone showed insecticidal activity against the flies. The extract of the three fruit tissues (flavedo [peel], albedo, and flesh) indicated that bioactivity was limited to the flavedo, and this activity was significantly higher than that of the whole fruit extract. The most effective extract was obtained when fresh flavedo was used, whereas extracts of oven-dried flavedo were inactive. Fruit maturity also affected bioactivity; extracts of ripe fruit were more effective than those of unripe fruit. Our results suggest that C. aurantium flavedo contains secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity against B. oleae adults.
An Examination of Traditional Style Indices (2010)

For investors using a core–satellite approach to strategic asset allocation, traditional style indices, such as value and smallcap indices, represent convenient passive vehicles for achieving strategic or even tactical portfolio tilts. In this article, the authors examine traditional style indices using the Fama–French three-factor analysis. They find that most of the style indices exhibit a negative Fama–French alpha and statistically conclude that traditional style indices are suboptimal means for creating style tilts in portfolios. They posit that the source of the sub-optimality comes from the capweighted construction methodology, which these indices are rooted in and demonstrate that using a simple non-priceweighted approach for creating the style indices would result in more efficient exposures. <b>TOPICS:</b>Style investing, passive strategies, factor-based models, statistical methods
Detection Of Surge Precursors In Locomotive Turbocharger (2006)

Locomotive engine performance depends among other factors on turbocharger efficiency and operating range. The turbocharger operating range can be constrained at high pressure ratio by flow induced instabilities, namely surge, in the centrifugal compressor. The resulting loss of flow results in degraded engine performance, higher exhaust emissions, high turbocharger vibration and can lead to mechanical damage on the compressor and adjoining air handling equipment. While surge avoidance methods are available to restrict the operating point to lie well within a static surge-avoid-line of the compressor, these methods can unnecessarily restrict the operating range, resulting in loss of overall performance and fuel efficiency. Surge detection and control is a closed loop strategy where a surge avoidance system starts acting if the onset of surge is detected. Use of such a strategy allows running at reduced surge margin to permit higher pressure ratio across the compressor, at potentially higher compressor efficiency, and yields increased power output from the engine at reduced emissions and improved fuel efficiency. This paper discusses a systematic approach adopted to detect precursors to the surge phenomenon, based on experiments on full-scale turbochargers and the use of a real-time wavelet algorithm to detect precursors.
Classification de variables qualitatives pour la compréhension de la prise en compte de l'environnement par les agriculteurs (2012)

/ La statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle permet d'extraire à partir d'un ensemble de données de nombreuses informations synthétiques. Parmi ces méthodes, les techniques de classification automatique sont utilisées pour produire des groupements de lignes ou de colonnes d'une matrice de données. À ce titre, la classification des observations permet de construire des\nclasses d'individus telles que deux individus à l'intérieur d'une même classe soient le plus ressemblant possible et telles que deux individus de classes distinctes soient le plus différent possible. La formation de ces classes homogènes permet ainsi de dégager des profils-types. Dans l'application présentée ici, l'objectif poursuivi par la classification d'observations est de synthétiser l'information et de dégager des tendances chez les agriculteurs concernant leur prise en compte de l'environnement.
On-chip monitoring of chemical syntheses in microdroplets via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Conducting organic syntheses in microfluidic chips allows studying and optimising chemical reactions at minimal time-scales and resource consumption. Herein, we describe a multi-channel microdroplet chip, which allows fast and directed dispensing of reactants into individual droplets in a segmented flow. This gives access to study the reaction progress in situ via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic monitoring of fast moving individual droplets. This opens up new avenues for high-throughput screening of organic reactions at the micro- and nano-scale.
Validation of a tearing mode locking model using a database of disruptive plasmas at ASDEX Upgrade (2019)

Abstract An exploratory study is presented that aims at validating a model for mode locking on the basis of a large set of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges. Not discriminating between plasma configurations, the model allows to estimate the duration of the deceleration phase, as well as the critical mode width for locking. Both quantities are important for the design of disruption avoidance algorithms that aim to affect the MHD mode rotation. It was found that the model successfully described locking of large modes in those cases where the deceleration started in a quasi-stationary phase of the discharge (i.e. with low variability of the global plasma angular momentum prior to mode seeding) and where deceleration took place over temporal intervals comparable to the momentum confinement time. Theoretical braking curves and locking durations predicted with the model were in good quantitative agreement with the experiment. On the other hand, the model failed to reproduce the braking curves of modes appearing towards the end of a transient phase, e.g. during an impurity influx or when approaching the disruptive density limit. It can be concluded that the modes were not the primary cause of the plasma momentum losses within the scope of the model. A modified mode equation of motion is proposed, which accounts for transient variation of the plasma density, e.g. during the development of a MARFE, and its impact on braking predictions is discussed. Furthermore, it was observed that a substantial fraction of modes was rotating at the onset of a major disruptive event. Consequences of this observation on disruption prediction schemes in AUG are examined.