gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of pure FSH and LH preparations on the number and function of Leydig cells in immature hypophysectomized rats (1989)

The effects of pure FSH and/or LH preparations on the number of Leydig cells and their function in immature hypophysectomized rats have been investigated. As a result of hypophysectomy at the age of 17-18 days, the number of recognizable Leydig cells per testis decreased, as did the steroidogenic capacity in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with 64 micrograms FSH on both 22 and 23 days of age, did not affect the number of recognizable Leydig cells. In contrast, two injections of LH (10 micrograms) caused a sixfold increase in the number of Leydig cells, but had a negative effect on spermatogenesis. These stimulatory and inhibitory effects of LH diminished when FSH was added. Treatment with FSH for 7 days caused a twofold increase in the number of Leydig cells when compared with hypophysectomized controls. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and esterase activity in Leydig cells also increased under the influence of FSH. The pregnenolone production per Leydig cell in the presence of 5-cholesten-3 beta,22(R)-diol (22R-hydroxycholesterol) as substrate showed a sevenfold increase. Plasma testosterone levels 2 h after injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin in intact rats and hypophysectomized FSH-treated rats were the same. Following LH treatment for 7 days, the number of Leydig cells proved to be 11 times higher, and 3 beta-HSD and esterase activity were not different from intact controls. The testicular pregnenolone production was four- to fivefold higher when compared with untreated hypophysectomized rats. However, pregnenolone production per Leydig cell in LH-treated rats was only slightly different from the hypophysectomized controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Domain wall diodes in ferromagnetic planar nanowires (2004)

We demonstrate a lithographically defined magnetic structure through which domain walls from planar magnetic nanowires propagate in one direction only, under an appropriate magnetic field. This domain wall diode is of the form of an isosceles triangle, with one nanowire emanating from its apex and one from its base. A domain wall arriving at the triangle apex, under an applied magnetic field, is able to overcome minor pinning through the diode and continue through the opposite nanowire. However, a domain wall arriving at the triangle base is unable to overcome the significant pinning energy presented by the sudden change in track width. Domain wall diodes are of potential use in controlling domain wall propagation for fundamental investigations and technological applications.
Downscaling Study of Uncooled a-Si Infrared Microbolometer Cell based on Simulation (2020)

This study analyzes the response time, that is, thermal time constant of an uncooled amorphous silicon (a-Si) infrared (IR) microbolometer cell based on simulation when the device is downscaled for higher resolution. For accurate analysis, an 80´80 array of a-Si microbolometer was fabricated with a 35 μm pixel size. The real device was used to extract the external environmental parameter for the simulation where temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of a-Si is also modeled to include temperaturedependence. It is known qualitatively that the cell geometries like as the length of the resistance layer and width of the leg are key factors for the time constant of the device. When the pixel is downscaled to 17 μm, the time constant is found to increase as the length of the resistance layer becomes narrower, but this tendency is reversed for the width of the leg. This is because the influence of each component on the total resistance is changed according to the cell area, which is efficiently optimized by the simulation analysis.
A Review Of Invasion Ecology And Argument For Using Trait-Based Approaches To Explain Mechanisms Of Invasion Impacts (2015)

? The establishment and range expansion of non-indigenous invasive species is occurring at an increasingly rapid pace. Extensive work has already been done to assess the impacts of invaders on local biota. However, results of these tests are often contradictory -particularly when examining origin effects - in large part due to the dominance of short-term work comparing invaders to phylogenetically unrelated native species or testing only pairs of species. Studies testing for origin effects along invasion gradients, using phylogenetic controls are lacking. Accumulating evidence suggests that variation in detritus chemistry has a large effect on organismal performance and food web dynamics in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. By affecting microbial productivity, detritus quality should ultimately affect the performance of higher trophic levels. We used a mesocosm experiment conducted over 18 months to test effects of origin, invasion, and litter diversity using four phylogenetically paired plant invaders over a broad invasion gradient on an aquatic invertebrate community. We used tissue chemistry traits to assess potential mechanistic explanations for aquatic invertebrate community performance among treatments. We found no effect of plant origin, invasion level, or litter diversity on invertebrate communities, questioning the utility of origin for predicting ecological outcomes. We found invasion level and plant phylogeny affected aquatic invertebrate abundance. We found a consistent response across all invertebrate taxa to changes in litter community weighted means %-phosphorus, %-nitrogen, P:N ratio, and C:N ratio, suggesting tissue chemistry traits offer clear mechanistic signals, allowing predictable functional responses to plant invasions across different feeding guilds of consumers. By investigating impacts using trait-based instead of taxon-based frameworks, we may gain considerable power in predicting ecosystem effects of species invasions.
Clinical Characteristics of Subjects with Sulfonylurea-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes (2015)

Despite hypoglycemia risk of SU, it seemed indispensable for a subset of patients with regard to insulin secretion. Genetic influences would be evaluated.
A single intravesical instillation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is safe in children and adults with neuropathic bladder: A phase Ia clinical trial (2019)

<b>Context/objective:</b> Manipulation of the microbiome is an emerging approach to promote health. We conducted a Phase Ia safety study of a single bladder instillation of probiotics in asymptomatic patients with neuropathic bladder to determine the tolerability and safety of a single <i>Lactobacillus</i> instillation.<b>Design:</b> Phase Ia safety study.<b>Setting:</b> Outpatient rehabilitation clinic at a rehabilitation hospital (adults) and urology clinic at a free-standing children's hospital (children).<b>Participants:</b> Ten patients with neuropathic bladder were included: five children with spina bifida and five adults with spinal cord injury.<b>Interventions:</b> A single <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG (Culturelle, 20 billion live organisms) instillation.<b>Outcome measures:</b> After the instillation, participants self-monitored symptoms using the Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire for People with Neuropathic Bladder using Intermittent Catheterization daily for one week. Repeat urinalysis, urine culture, and 16S bacterial rRNA-based microbiome analyses were performed 7-10 days after instillation.<b>Results:</b> Probiotic instillation was well-tolerated. One child had upper respiratory tract symptoms during the trial, and two had transient cloudy urine. No adults reported any symptoms following instillation. <i>Lactobacillus</i> did not grow on culture post-instillation. There were differences in beta diversity of the urine microbiome in children vs. adults with neuropathic bladder (P < 0.0156). <i>Lactobacillus</i> was present in the pre-instillation urinary microbiomes all of the adults and 4 out of 5 of the pediatric subjects, and identified in 4 out of 5 of both the adult and pediatric subjects' post-instillation urinary microbiomes.<b>Conclusion:</b> Intravesical instillation of Culturelle probiotic may be safe and well-tolerated in patients with neuropathic bladder.
Controlling forebody asymmetries in flight - Experience with boundary layer transition strips (1994)

The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has an ongoing program to investigate aircraft flight characteristics at high angles of attack. As part of this investigation, longitudinal boundary layer transition strips were installed on the F-18 HARV forebody, a preproduction F/A-18 radome with a nose-slice tendency, and the X-31 aircraft forebody and noseboom to reduce asymmetric yawing moments at high angles of attack. The transition strips were effective on the F-18 HARV at angles of attack above 60 deg. On the preproduction F/A-18 radome at an angle of attack near 50 deg the strips were not effective. When the transition strips were installed on the X-31 noseboom, a favorable effect was observed on the yawing moment dynamics but the magnitude of the yawing moment was not decreased.
Surface plasmon excitation and emitted light characteristics of polystyrene sphere films (2004)

Polystyrene submicron and micron sphere films were fabricated and the optical properties were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and reverse irradiation utilizing the SPR Kretschmann configuration. BK-7 (n=1.515) and S-TIH53 (n=1.805) prisms were used for the measurements. The diameters of thee spheres were 0.1 and 1.0 /spl mu/m. For the 0.1-/spl mu/m-sphere films, some SPR dips were observed and were considered to be due to the existence of defects in the film. For the highly packed 1.0-/spl mu/m-sphere films, SPR dip was observed only in the curves obtained using S-TIH53 prism and it was considered to be due to the size and the large dielectric constant of the sphere. Emitted light due to reverse irradiation was observed as a function of the emitted angle in the Kretschmann configuration. The peak angles of the emitted light almost corresponded to the dip angles of the SPR curves and the emitted light was considered to be due to surface plasmon excitation.
Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing, Thermal-Conductive Flexible Membrane with Shape-Modulated FeCo Nanobelts (2022)

Electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials, manufactured with composites of magnetic particles, are essential for maintaining a high complex permeability and modulated permittivity for impedance matching. However, commonly available EMW-absorbing materials are unsatisfactory owing to their low complex permeability in the high-frequency band. Herein, we report a thin, flexible EMW-absorbing membrane comprising shape-modulated FeCo nanobelts/boron nitride nanoparticles, which enables enhanced complex permeability in the S, C, and X bands (2-12 GHz). The boron nitride nanoparticles that are introduced to the FeCo nanobelts demonstrate control of the complex permittivity, leading to an effective impedance matching close to 1, consequently resulting in a high reflection loss value of -42.2 dB at 12.0 GHz with only 1.6 mm thickness. In addition, the incorporation of boron nitride nanoparticles improves the thermal conductivity for the heat dissipation of the absorbed electromagnetic wave energy. Overall, the comprehensive study of nanomaterial preparation and shape modulation technologies can lead to the fabrication of an excellent EMW-absorbing flexible composite membrane.
Chernobyl seed project. Advances in the identification of differentially abundant proteins in a radio-contaminated environment (2015)

Plants have the ability to grow and successfully reproduce in radio-contaminated environments, which has been highlighted by nuclear accidents at Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011). The main aim of this article is to summarize the advances of the Chernobyl seed project which has the purpose to provide proteomic characterization of plants grown in the Chernobyl area. We present a summary of comparative proteomic studies on soybean and flax seeds harvested from radio-contaminated Chernobyl areas during two successive generations. Using experimental design developed for radio-contaminated areas, altered abundances of glycine betaine, seed storage proteins, and proteins associated with carbon assimilation into fatty acids were detected. Similar studies in Fukushima radio-contaminated areas might complement these data. The results from these Chernobyl experiments can be viewed in a user-friendly format at a dedicated web-based database freely available at http://www.chernobylproteomics.sav.sk.
Visualization of surface displacement and transmitted field of piezocomposite transducers by optical probing (1993)

Transient surface displacements of 1-3 piezocomposite transducers are measured and their correlative effects on the diffraction of the transmitted pulses are studied. The displacements of the surface of a 210 μm pitch piezocomposite are probed with an heterodyne, optical interferometer. An animate sequence is then built from the stored transient displacements so that each frame shows the instantaneous state of the surface of the piezocomposite. Such an animation proves to be a powerful analysing tool which provides a real insight into the piezocomposite's impulse behaviour. Finally, the ultrasonic field transmitted in water and measured by the same optical probe is compared with simulations based on the diffraction impulse theory. The results of that comparison clearly show that, as far as diffraction is concerned, a piezocomposite transducer behaves like an homogeneous material
Synthesis of 1-Cytosinyl-N-malayamycin A (2006)

The target antifungal molecule is an equipotent 1-cytosinyl analogue of natural Malayamycin A, its 3-cytosinyl congener. The synthesis relies solely on substrate control to introduce all six contiguous stereogenic centers. The key steps are (a) the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction used to create the bicycle B and (b) the N-nucleosidation via activation of the O,S-acetal F.
Gyroscope-Aided Odometry Navigation Using a Highly-Precise Automotive MEMS IMU Complemented by a Low-Cost Sensor Array (2022)

This paper examines vehicle navigation employing a redundant array of two different types of MEMS inertial sensors in combination with wheel speed sensors. We compare the position precision of a purely inertial strap-down algorithm with motion-constraints (SMC, [1]) to gyroscope-aided odometry navigation (GAO). An RTK-corrected GNSS was used in parallel to generate the reference trajectory. Initial heading of both methods was determined by a dual-antenna GNSS moving baseline setup. Across five repeated experiments with a traveled distance of 1600 m over 275 s each, GAO delivered a mean RMSE of 4.36 m, whereas SMC resulted in errors of 634 m. For GAO, we show that initial heading error was dominant compared to the influences of gyroscope noise. Determining accurate initial heading is therefore deemed crucial for applications with prolonged GNSS outages.
Histomorphometric Study of Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats Fed a Boron‐Deficient Diet (2008)

Bone healing after tooth extraction in rats is a suitable experimental model to study bone formation. Thus, we performed a study to determine the effects of boron (B) deficiency on bone healing by using this model. The first lower right molar of weanling Wistar rats was extracted under anesthesia. The animals were divided into two groups: +B (adequate; 3 mg B/kg diet), and -B (boron-deficient; 0.07 mg/kg diet). The animals in both groups were killed in groups of 10 at 7 and 14 days after surgery. The guidelines of the NIH for the care and use of laboratory animals were observed. The mandibles were resected, fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Buccolingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the mesial alveolus and used for histometric evaluations. Total alveolar volume (TAV) and trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) in the apical third of the alveolus were determined. Percentages of osteoblast surface (ObS), eroded surface (ES), and quiescent surface (QS) were determined. No statistical significant differences in food intake and body weight were observed. Histomorphometric evaluation found -B rats had 36% and 63% reductions in BV/TV at 7 and 14 days, respectively. When compared with +B rats, -B rats had significant reductions (57% and 87%) in ObS concomitantly with increases (120% and 126%) in QS at 7 and 14 days, respectively. The findings show that boron deficiency results in altered bone healing because of a marked reduction in osteogenesis.
Nonequilibrium Phases in Rapidly Solidified High-Carbon Fe&ndash;Cr&ndash;Mo Alloys (1993)

The effect of cooling rate and carbon content on the formation of nonequilibrium phases has been investigated in rapidly solidified 10Cr–5Mo and 10Cr–10Mo iron alloys containing very high carbon contents of 2 to 5% in mass. The cooling rate was varied by changing the nozzle size in a single roller method to result in an approximate value of 6·104 to 4·105 K/s. Nonequilibrium solid solutions of crystalline γ, ε and ψ phases as well as an amorphous phase were formed depending on the cooling rate and chemical composition of alloys. The optimum condition for obtaining the ε phase in the 10Cr–5Mo alloy and the ψ phase in the 10Cr–10Mo alloy was determined by the combination of cooling rate and carbon content. The higher carbon content and the higher cooling rate tend to bring about the amorphous formation. The amounts of carbon in solution in the γ, ε and ψ phases increased with increasing cooling rate and carbon content.
The occurrence of aflatoxin in nuts and nut products imported to Finland for human consumption during the years 1974-1976. (1977)

An examination was made of 1050 lots of nuts and nut products, totalling 4.7 million kg, imported to Finland in the years 1974-1976. Of these, 44 lots (4.2%) were found to contain aflatoxin. The highest percentage of aflatoxin-containing lots, was observed in the case of sliced and crushed peanuts (29.4%). Of the positive samples, 20.5% contained 101-500 microgram aflatoxin per kg, 52.3% contained 6-100 microgram/kg and 20.5% contained less than or equal to 5 microgram/kg. Rest of the samples (6.7%) contained aflatoxin 501 microgram/kg or more. The most commonly detected toxin types were B1 and B2. The proportion of aflatoxin-containing lots showed a slight decrease during the 3-year research period. On the basis of the research results and the sampling plan used, and bearing in mind the acceptable quality level (AQL: 5 microgram/kg) employed in Finland, the reliability of approval and rejection decisions was discussed from the point of view of both the producer's and the consumer's risk.
Chemical Movement in Micellar Flooding: Determination of Sulfonates and Polymers by Liquid Chromatography (1977)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract Now liquid chromatographic procedures, column solvent systems and equipment used to determine petroleum and/or synthetic sulfonates and water-soluble polymers in micellar fluids are described. These new procedures are used to determine sulfonate and/or polymer in formulations and in core test effluent polymer in formulations and in core test effluent fluids. Procedures developed have been or will be automated. With automation about two man hours are required to perform 100 sulfonate analyses in a 24-hour period. Analyses have shown that monosulfonated fractions of sulfonates are usually selectively lost (adsorbed) in laboratory core tests. Introduction Micellar flooding is one of several improved oil recovery techniques currently being studied by the petroleum industry. By nature it is a complicated multiple fluid bank, chemical process. A typical tertiary micellar flooding process includes injecting a micellar fluid and following it with a mobility-control drive fluid. Most micellar fluids currently used by the industry contain brine, cosurfactants, and petroleum or synthetic sulfonates. Frequently, chemical tracers, water-soluble polymer, and/or solubilized hydrocarbons may also be present. Mobility-control drive fluids typically contain water-soluble polymers (polyacryla-mides or Xanthan gum biopolymers) dissolved in fresh water. Chemical tracers, biocides, and oxygen scavengers may also be present. As these fluid banks (micellar and mobility control) propagate through cores in lab testing, or through reservoirs in field testing, they are retained and mix with one another and with in-place brine and oil. The propagation and mixing behavior of these fluid banks is studied by collecting samples of injected/produced fluids and analyzing these samples for chemical content. Analyses of produced fluids are compared to injected fluids to study adsorption, interaction, and propagation properties of the chemicals in a propagation properties of the chemicals in a given micellar flooding process. Chemical costs make up a significant portion of the total cost of a micellar portion of the total cost of a micellar flooding process. Chemicals showing low adsorption in a reservoir environment (actual or simulated) are the most desirable chemicals for micellar flooding. Analyses used to determine the specific components in micellar fluids must be accurate, specific for adsorbed components, and relatively free from interference from other materials present in the samples.
A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. Treatments for myocardial infarction (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the temporal relationship between accumulating data from randomized control trials of treatments for myocardial infarction and the recommendations of clinical experts writing review articles and textbook chapters. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —(1) MEDLINE search from 1966 to present; search terms used were<i>myocardial infarction, clinical trials, multicenter studies, double-blind method, meta-analysis</i>, and the text word "random:"; (2) references from pertinent articles and books; and (3) all editions of English-language general medical texts and manuals and review articles on treatment of myocardial infarction. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Randomized control trials of therapies for reducing the risk of total mortality in myocardial infarction (acute and secondary prevention). Review articles and textbook chapters dealing with the general clinical management of patients with myocardial infarction. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Two authors read the material and recorded the results; disagreements were resolved by conference. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —We used the technique of cumulative meta-analysis (performing a new meta-analysis when the results of a new clinical trial are published) and compared the results with the recommendations of the experts for various treatments for myocardial infarction. Discrepancies were detected between the meta-analytic patterns of effectiveness in the randomized trials and the recommendations of reviewers. Review articles often failed to mention important advances or exhibited delays in recommending effective preventive measures. In some cases, treatments that have no effect on mortality or are potentially harmful continued to be recommended by several clinical experts. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Finding and analyzing all therapeutic trials in a given field has become such a difficult and specialized task that the clinical experts called on to summarize the evidence in a timely fashion need access to better databases and new statistical techniques to assist them in this important task. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:240-248)
ChemInform Abstract: A Reactivity‐Driven Approach to the Discovery and Development of Gold‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.