gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ovariectomy is protective against renal injury in the high-salt-fed older mRen2.Lewis rat (2007)

Studies in experimental animals and younger women suggest a protective role for estrogen; however, clinical trials may not substantiate this effect in older females. Therefore, the present study assessed the outcome of ovariectomy in older mRen2. Lewis rats subjected to a high-salt diet for 4 wk. Intact or ovariectomized (OVX, 15 wk of age) mRen2. Lewis rats were aged to 60 wk and then placed on a high-salt (HS, 8% sodium chloride) diet for 4 wk. Systolic blood pressures were similar between groups [OVX 169 +/- 6 vs. Intact 182 +/- 7 mmHg; P = 0.22] after the 4-wk diet; however, proteinuria [OVX 0.8 +/- 0.2 vs. Intact 11.5 +/- 2.6 mg/mg creatinine; P < 0.002, n = 6], renal interstitial fibrosis, glomerular sclerosis, and tubular casts were lower in OVX vs. Intact rats. Kidney injury molecule-1 mRNA, a marker of tubular damage, was 53% lower in the OVX HS group. Independent from blood pressure, OVX HS rats exhibited significantly lower cardiac (24%) and renal (32%) hypertrophy as well as lower C-reactive protein (28%). Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were not different between the Intact and OVX groups; however, renal cortical IGF-I mRNA and protein were attenuated in OVX rats [P < 0.05, n = 6]. We conclude that ovariectomy in the older female mRen2. Lewis rat conveys protection against salt-dependent increase in renal injury.
Calcitonin targets extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in human cancers (2007)

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway is a potential target in cancer therapy. Constitutive phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), which is one of the MAPKs has been detected in a variety of tumors. Calcitonin (CT) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and has been used to treat the osteoporosis and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. We report that CT decreases ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cancer cells showing constitutive phosphorylated ERK1/2. In MDA-MB-231 cells, a breast cancer cell line showing constitutive phosphorylated ERK1/2, CT phosphorylated c-Raf at Ser(259) via the protein kinase A pathway, resulting in suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CT significantly reduced the tumor volume of MDA-MB-231 cells showing constitutive phosphorylated ERK1/2 compared with saline buffer. However, CT did not exert any significant effects on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, a breast cancer cell line, showing non-constitutive phosphorylated ERK1/2. These novel findings indicate that CT may be used to target ERK in the treatment of cancer.
Imbalance in Cytokines from Interleukin‐1 Family – Role in Pathogenesis of Endometriosis (2012)

The results pointed to impairment of the secretion of the IL-1 cytokine family in endometriosis. Invalid IL-1beta and IL-18 maturation by ICE may be an important pathogenic factor in endometriosis.
Y-chromosome-specific haplotypes of Jews detected by probes 49f and 49a. (1992)

A sample of Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews has been studied with respect to haplotypes at the 49f-49a Y-specific DNA probes. Only seven haplotypes were found in Jews, three of them (VII, VIII, and XI) being the most widespread. Haplotype distribution in the European non-Jewish population is different.
Impedance Study of Nickel Cathode Reactivation by Vanadium during Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water (2002)

Nickel cathodes exhibit significant deactivation during hydrogen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis. The addition of soluble to the electrolyte was found to result in reactivation of nickel by formation of a vanadium-bearing deposit. The deactivation and reactivation phenomena were studied by impedance spectroscopy. The deactivation was not only manifested by an increase of the charge transfer resistance, but also by the emergence of an adsorption pseudocapacitance. Upon vanadium addition, the charge transfer resistance decreased, the pseudocapacitance was lost, but a constant phase element appeared. Most of the reactivation was due to the effect of deposited vanadium species, and only a little to the increase in surface area caused by the deposit. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Correlation between thyroid hormone status and hepatic hyperplasia and hypertrophy caused by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643. (2004)

BACKGROUND: The metabolic inhibitor rotenone inhibits hepatocellular proliferation and the incidence of liver cancer resulting from exposure to the PPARalpha agonist Wy-14,643, via unknown mechanisms. Since the absence of thyroid hormones diminishes hepatomegaly, an early biomarker for the hepatocarcinogenicity induced by PPARalpha agonists, this study was undertaken to investigate whether rotenone might interference with the ability of Wy-14,643 to alter the animal thyroid status. METHODS: Male B6C3F1 mice were given Wy-14,643 (100 ppm), rotenone (600 ppm) or a mixture of both, in the feed for 7 days. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU), marker of cell replication, was delivered through subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps. At the end of the experiment, sera were collected and corticosterone and thyroid hormone levels were measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay kits. In addition, liver tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically for BrDU to determine percentages of labeled cells. Further, cell surface area was determined from images generated by a Zeiss Axioplan microscope equipped with a plan Neofluar x40 0.75 na objective. Tracings of individual hepatocyte perimeters were then analyzed and cell-surface areas were calculated using MicroMeasure FL-4000. RESULTS: Wy-14,643 caused a significant increase in liver weights, hepatocyte BrDU labeling index (LI), and hepatocyte surface area. In animals which received both Wy-14,643 and rotenone simultaneously, all of these effects were significantly less pronounced compared with mice that received Wy-14,643 alone. Rotenone alone decreased liver weights, LI and surface area. The Free Thyroid Index (FTI), which provides an accurate reflection of the animal's thyroid status, was 5.0 +/- 0.3 in control mice. In animals exposed to rotenone, these values decreased to 2.0 +/- 0.9, but in animals which received Wy-14,643, levels increased significantly to 7.7 +/- 0.9. FTI values decreased to 3.4 +/- 0.8 in mice receiving both rotenone and Wy-14,643. CONCLUSION: A strong correlation was observed between the animal thyroid status and both, hepatocyte proliferation (r2 = 0.62), and hepatocyte surface area (r2 = 0.83). These results support the hypothesis that the thyroid status of the animal plays a role in PPARalpha-induced hepatocellular proliferation and liver cell enlargement. Both these events are known to contribute to the expression of liver cancer in response to the activation of PPARalpha.
Subwebs for specialized search (2004)

We describe a method to define and use subwebs, user-defined neighborhoods of the Internet. Subwebs help improve search performance by inducing a topic-specific page relevance bias over a collection of documents. Subwebs may be automatically identified using a simple algorithm we describe, and used to provide highly-relevant topic-specific information retrieval. Using subwebs in a Help and Support topic, we see marked improvements in precision compared to generic search engine results.
Improved intra prediction method based on arbitrary reference tier coding schemes (2016)

This paper proposes arbitrary reference tier coding (ARTC) schemes to allow the intra directional modes to exploit farther reference tiers for intra prediction. The proposed ARTCs with four reference tiers are applied to a developing future video codec, Joint Exploration Test Model (JEM), under quad-tree (QT) and QT plus binary tree (QTBT) split structures respectively. A joint intra mode and reference tier decision (JMTD) encoding algorithm exclusive to the QTBT is further proposed to efficiently select the intra mode and reference tier. The simulation results show that the ARTC can improve up to 1.2% coding gain compared to the JEM, and the JMTD-based ARTC can reduce 40% encoding time without any coding gain drop compared to the ARTC under QTBT structure. Several analyses are also provided to show that 40-60% encoding time of the ARTC can be further saved with 0.28-0.31% BD-rate increase by disabling some new technologies.
Real-life lack of evidence of viable SARS-CoV-2 transmission via inanimate surfaces: The SURFACE study (2023)

The evidence emerging from this real-life study suggests that droplets delivered by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients on common inanimate surfaces did not contain viable virus. In contrast, and in line with several laboratory-based experiments, in vitro adapted viruses could survive and grow on the same fomites.
Regiodivergent Lewis base-promoted O- to C-carboxyl transfer of furanyl carbonates (2015)

Triazolinylidenes promote γ-selective C-carboxylation (up to 99 : 1 regioselectivity) in the O- to C-carboxyl transfer of furanyl carbonates in contrast to DMAP that promotes preferential α-C-carboxylation with moderate regiocontrol (typically 60 : 40 regioselectivity). The generality of this process is described and a simple mechanistic and kinetic model postulated to account for the observed regioselectivity.
Identification of the Hepatic Protein Targets of Reactive Metabolites of Acetaminophen in Vivoin Mice Using Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Liver toxicity following an overdose of acetaminophen is frequently considered a model for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Extensive studies over many years have established that such toxicity is well correlated with liver protein arylation by acetaminophen metabolites. Identification of protein targets for covalent modifications is a challenging but necessary step in understanding how covalent binding could lead to liver toxicity. Previous approaches suffered from technical limitations, and thus over the last 10 years heroic efforts were required to determine the identity of only a few target proteins. We present a new mass spectrometry-based strategy for identification of all target proteins that now provides a comprehensive survey of the suite of liver proteins modified. After administration of radiolabeled acetaminophen to mice, the proteins in the liver tissue lysate were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In-gel digestion of the radiolabeled gel spots gave a set of tryptic peptides, which were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Interrogation of data bases based on experimentally determined molecular weights of peptides and product ion tags from postsource decay mass spectra was employed for the determination of the identities of modified liver proteins. Using this method, more than 20 new drug-labeled proteins have been identified.
Remarkable morphological variability of a common RNA folding motif: the GNRATetraloop-receptor interaction (1997)

One of the most common RNA tertiary interactions involves the docking of GNRA hairpin loops into stem-loop structures on other regions of RNA. Domain 5 of the group II intron interacts with Domain 1 through such an interaction, which has been characterized thermodynamically and kinetically for the ai5g intron. Using this system, it was possible to test the morphological tolerances of the GNRA tetraloop involved in tertiary interactions. The data presented herein show that a GNRA tetraloop can still participate in tertiary interaction after being physically cut at any phosphodiester linkage within the loop. The "nicked tetraloop" can be expanded by many nucleotides in either direction and the covalently continuous loop can also be expanded without loss of interaction energy. In the context of the nicked tetraloop, the second nucleotide of the tetraloop sequence can be completely deleted without loss of function. By examining radical alterations in tetraloop structure, this study helps define the minimal sequence and structural requirements of a GNRA motif involved in long-range tertiary interaction. It shows that "tetraloop"-like structures capable of forming tertiary interactions can be imbedded in unexpected contexts, such as internal loops and apparently open structure within RNA. It demonstrates that pentaloops and hexaloops can form the same type of interaction, with almost equal affinity, as a tetraloop. Taken together, these data suggest a more generic term for the GNRA tetraloop-receptor interaction: It is proposed herein that the term "GNRA tetraloop" be replaced by "GNn/RA", where n represents a variable number of nucleotides and / indicates that the loop can be divided and interrupted by other sequences.
Scan-based testing: the only practical solution for testing ASIC/consumer products (2003)

Over the last 2-3 years, there has been a major change in the IC industry from being predominantly "functional-based testing" to being predominantly "scan-based testing" (for new design starts). The question has now changed to: "can we completely avoid functional testing?" The same trends that are driving companies toward scan-based testing will also drive them to completely avoid functional-based testing. The advantages of structural testing cannot be fully exploited unless at-speed functional testing is avoided. The move away from functional testing will happen in stages. Some companies are already avoiding functional test for some test insertions - but not all. For example, some products are currently tested with scan-based, reduced pincount testing at wafer level - but still require full pincount, scan+functional testing at package test.
SURG-18IMPACT OF INTRAOPERATIVE MRI ON SURGICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMAS (2015)

SURG-18. IMPACT OF INTRAOPERATIVE MRI ON SURGICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMAS Henri-Arthur Leroy1, Christine Delmaire2, Emilie Le Rhun1, Sabine Caron2, Richard Assaker1, Jean-Paul Lejeune1, and Nicolas Reyns1; Lille University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Lille, Nord-Pas de Calais, France; Lille University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Lille, Nord-Pas de Calais, France INTRODUCTION: The management of gliomas is based on a first-line surgical resection when significant tumor reduction can be achieved. Since our institution is equippedwitha1.5T IntraoperativeMRI (IoMRI),weevaluated its impact on the extent of resection of gliomas, clinical outcomes and survival. METHODS: All patients operated on for gliomas using the IoMRI since its installation were systematically included. Functional MRI determined the cerebral dominance. Intraoperative evaluation of resection used a 3D FLAIR /T2orT13D withgadolinium basedonpreoperative tumoraspect, enhancing or not, automatically updating the neuronavigation. We studied clinical data, the course of the surgical procedure (number of MRI control, sequences used, operative time). Postoperative residual tumor volume after early postoperative MRI control (,72 h) wascompared with the preoperativevolume. RESULTS: 55 glial tumors were operated on using IoMRI. 60% of gliomas were “de novo”, 40% were recurrences. Histological analyses reported a majority of grade II and III. Their main location was the frontal lobe (38%), with a consistent group of fronto-temporo-insular tumors. Most patients only had one peroperative MRI control, lasting 39 min in average. If needed the second IoMRI was shorter, 23 min. The average preoperative tumor volume was 32.66 cm, and postoperative volume of 1.11 cm. Complete resection was reached in 70%. Low-grade gliomas required more IoMRI controls than high grade. The use of IoMRI has not been associated with an increased rate of complications (infectious, hemorrhagic). We noticed a temporary increase of neurological deficits during the post-operative week, not found 3 months later. CONCLUSION: IoMRI optimized the removal rate without additional complication despite an extension of the operating time of 1:30 on average. During dissection of critical areas, such as fronto-insular region, IoMRI allowed to readjust neuronavigation, offsetting brainshift and ensuring greateraccuracy for surgical resection. Neuro-Oncology 17:v214–v220, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov235.18 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
The MEDEA childhood asthma study design for mitigation of desert dust health effects: implementation of novel methods for assessment of air pollution exposure and lessons learned (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03503812 , April 20, 2018.
Equine arteritis virus long-term persistence is orchestrated by CD8+ T lymphocyte transcription factors, inhibitory receptors, and the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis (2019)

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the unique ability to establish long-term persistent infection in the reproductive tract of stallions and be sexually transmitted. Previous studies showed that long-term persistent infection is associated with a specific allele of the CXCL16 gene (CXCL16S) and that persistence is maintained despite the presence of local inflammatory and humoral and mucosal antibody responses. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the ampullae, the primary site of EAV persistence in long-term EAV carrier stallions, to understand the molecular signatures of viral persistence. We demonstrated that the local CD8 + T lymphocyte response is predominantly orchestrated by the transcription factors eomesodermin (EOMES) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 2 (NFATC2), which is likely modulated by the upregulation of inhibitory receptors. Most importantly, EAV persistence is associated with an enhanced expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 by infiltrating lymphocytes, providing evidence of the implication of this chemokine axis in the pathogenesis of persistent EAV infection in the stallion reproductive tract. Furthermore, we have established a link between the CXCL16 genotype and the gene expression profile in the ampullae of the stallion reproductive tract. Specifically, CXCL16 acts as a "hub" gene likely driving a specific transcriptional network. The findings herein are novel and strongly suggest that RNA viruses such as EAV could exploit the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in order to modulate local inflammatory and immune responses in the male reproductive tract by inducing a dysfunctional CD8 + T lymphocyte response and unique lymphocyte homing in the reproductive tract.
Untimely Punishment and Dubious Desert (2002)

Discussions of punishment have always assumed (e.g.[4, pp. 80-5]) that there are no circumstances in which someone can be justifiably punished for a crime that he will commit. This assumption has been directly challenged by Christopher New’s apparent example of morally justified ‘prepunishment’[7]. In a recent paper, Fred Feldman rejects the ‘received
비상장기업의 자발적 K-IFRS 채택행위와 이익조정의 관련성 (2014)

본 연구에서는 자발적으로 한국채택 국제회계기준(K-IFRS)을 적용하는 비상장기업의 특성을 분석하고, 이들 기업의 이익조정이 일반기업 회계기준을 적용한 비상장기업의 이익조정과 차이가 있는가를 분석하였다. 일반기업 회계기준은 K-IFRS를 적용하지 않는 기업(비상장일반기업)의 부담을 완화하기 위해 제정되었으며, 별도의 간략한 회계기준으로서 2011년 1월 1일 이후 최초로 개시하는 회계연도부터 적용되었다. 그런데 2011년 외부감사대상 법인의 회계기준을 보면, 비상장기업 가운데 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 선택한 기업은 1,142개 기업들에 이르고 있다. 따라서 이들 기업의 어떠한 특성들이 합리적인 경제활동의 주체인 그들로 하여금 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 적용하게 했는가를 살펴 볼 필요가 있다. 그리고 K-IFRS를 자발적으로 적용한 행위가 이익의 질에 대한 대용변수로서의 이익조정 척도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해서도 분석한다. 비상장기업의 주된 재무보고이용자는 기업에 자금을 대출해 주는 금융기관 등 채권자, 과세당국 및 거래관계자들이다. 이들 정보이용자들의 경제적 의사결정에 유용한 정보를 제공하는 것이 비상장기업의 재무보고의 목적이 될수 있으며, 비상장기업의 주요 정보이용자들은 신뢰할 수 있는 재무보고를 요구할 것이다. 그러므로 고품질의 회계기준인 K-IFRS를 자발적으로 적용한 행위가 기업의 재무보고의 신뢰성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가는 관심의 대상이 될 수 있다. 나아가 상장기업의 종속회사에 속한 기업으로서 연결재무제표 작성대상인 기업과 그 외의 기업을 구별하여 분석할 필요가있다. 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 채택한 기업들 중에서 상장기업의 종속기업은 지배회사의 회계정책에 따라 의무적으로 K-IFRS를 도입할 가능성이 있으므로 엄밀한 의미의 자발적 채택기업의 범주에서 제외될 필요가 있다. 분석을 위해 2011년도에 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 적용한 기업 728개사의 자료를 분석에 이용 하였다. 먼저, 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 적용한 728개사를 포함한 2010년도 10,446개사의 기업자료를 사용하여 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 적용한 기업의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 기업집단 소속여부, 기업지배구조, 기업의 법적실체, 대형 감사법인의 감사여부, 기업연령 및 기업의 성장성이 K-IFRS를 적용한 기업의 특성으로 나타났다. 그러나 연결재무제표 의무작성 기업을 제외한 분석에서는 자발적 도입 기업의 특성으로 부채비율, 기업지배구조, 기업의 법적실체, 대형 감사법인의 감사, 업력, 수익성 및 국제성이 부각되었다. 다음으로는 K-IFRS의 자발적 선택 동기를 통제하는 PSM(propensity score matching)방법으로 추출한 대응표본을 포함한 1,456개사에 대한 2011년의 기업 자료를 이용하여 K-IFRS를 적용한 기업표본(728개 기업)과 일반회계기준을 적용한 대응표본(728개 기업) 사이에 이익조정 척도의 수준에 차이가 있는가를 분석하였다. 이익조정의 척도로는 발생액 조정 측정치와 실제 활동 조정 측정치를 병용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 선택한 기업들 중 연결재무제표 의무작성대상이 아닌 기업의 발생액조정 측정치는 대응표본에 비해 더 낮은 것으로 관찰되었으며 부분적으로는 비정상 실제활동 수준도 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 회계정보를 산 출하는 경제활동 당사자인 기업들 중에서도 지배기업의 회계정책에 순응하지 않고 순수하게 자발적으로 K-IFRS를 도입한 기업들에 있어서 K-IFRS의 적용을 통해 보다 향상된 품질의 재무보고가 이루어질 가능성이 있다는 시사점을 제시한다.
Identifying Transcription Regulatory Elements in the Human and Mouse Genomes Using Tissue-specific Gene Expression Profiles (2007)

Summary Revealing the complex interaction between trans- and cis-regulatory elements and identifying these potential binding sites are fundamental problems in understanding gene expression. The progresses in ChIP-chip technology facilitate identifying DNA sequences that are recognized by a specific transcription factor. However, protein-DNA binding is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for transcription regulation. We need to demonstrate that their gene expression levels are correlated to further confirm regulatory relationship. Here, instead of using a linear correlation coefficient, we used a non-linear function that seems to better capture possible regulatory relationships. By analyzing tissue-specific gene expression profiles of human and mouse, we delineate a list of pairs of transcription factor and gene with highly correlated expression levels, which may have regulatory relationships. Using two closely-related species (human and mouse), we perform comparative genome analysis to cross-validate the quality of our prediction. Our findings are confirmed by matching publicly available TFBS databases (like TRANFAC and ConSite) and by reviewing biological literature. For example, according to our analysis, 80% and 85.71% of the targets genes associated with E2F5 and RELB transcription factors have the corresponding known binding sites. We also substantiated our results on some oncogenes with the biomedical literature. Moreover, we performed further analysis on them and found that BCR and DEK may be regulated by some common transcription factors. Similar results for BTG1, FCGR2B and LCK genes were also reported.
LGG와 장건강: LGG의 섭취가 호흡기감염과 장질환에 미치는 효과 (2011)

국제 학술 심포지엄 (LGG 유산균의 건강증진효과)전세계적으로 감염성 질환은 주요한 건강 문제이다.장내 미생물 균총은 해로운 미생물로부터 숙주를 보호할 뿐 아니라 면역계에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이점이 바로 프로바이오틱스 즉, 건강에 도움을 주며 살아있는 미생물로 정의되는 기본 개념을 탄생시켰다. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(이하 LGG)균은 세계적으로 가장 많이 연구된 프로바이오틱스 균종 중 하나로서, 확인된 효능의 대부분은 주로 위장관 질환에 관한 것이다. 몇몇 연구를 통해 급성 수양성 설사의 치료, 항생제 관련 증상의 예방, 그리고 여행자 설사에 대한 LGG균의 효과가 밝혀졌다. LGG균은 소아에서 호흡기 감염의 발생을 줄이거나 그 합병증을 감소시키는 것으로 보인다. 많은 연구를 통해 LGG 균, LC705, 그리고 프로피오니박테리움 PJS균을 모두 포함한 복합 유산균 제제인 LGG􄠶 Extra가 위장관 불편감을 줄이고 삶의 질을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 LGG균의 사용은 감염성 질병의 관리와 위장관 건강을 얻는데 있어 안전하고 쉬운 방법이라 하겠다.