gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of radioactive waste products associated with plant decommissioning (2005)

The inventory of radioactivity that must be considered in the decommissioning of a typical 1000 MWe Spanish pressurised water reactor (PWR) was investigated as part of a generic plant decommissioning study. Analyses based on DORT models (in both R-Z and R-theta geometries) were used with representative plant operating history and core power distribution data in defining the expected neutron environment in regions near the reactor core. The activation analyses were performed by multiplying the DORT scalar fluxes by energy-dependent reaction cross sections (based on ENDF/B-VI data) to generate reaction rates on a per atom basis. The results from the ORIGEN2 computer code were also used for determining the activities associated with certain nuclides where multi-group cross section data were not available. In addition to the bulk material activation of equipment and structures near the reactor, the activated corrosion-product (or 'crud') deposits on system and equipment surfaces were considered. The projected activities associated with these sources were primarily based on plant data and experience from operating PWR plants.
Response to Letter to the Editor, “Dentin Bonding Testing Using a Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness Approach” (2016)

status: Published
Secure Virtual Disk Images for Grid Computing (2008)

We present in our paper a secure, flexible and transparent security architecture for virtual disk images.Virtual disk images are often overlooked in security concepts, especially in a grid environment where disk images are considered to be secure as long as they reside within the secured borders of the data center.However, for some applications this level of assurance is not satisfactory.In our security architecture, virtualized guests transparently benefit from integrity as well as confidentiality assurance.Traditional virtual disk images lack the ability of an efficient integrity protection mechanism.We base our concepts on trusted computing utilizing the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to efficiently deliver integrity assurance to virtual disk images.Further, we allow a restrictive rule-set to be imposed by the virtual disk image owner, and we enable the owner to retain control over the virtual disk image throughout its life-cycle.
A new leakage measurement method for damaged seal material (2018)

In this paper, a new leakage measurement method based on the temperature field and temperature gradient field is proposed for detecting the leakage location and measuring the leakage rate in damaged seal material. First, a heat transfer leakage model is established, which can calculate the leakage rate based on the temperature gradient field near the damaged zone. Second, a finite element model of an infinite plate with a damaged zone is built to calculate the leakage rate, which fits the simulated leakage rate well. Finally, specimens in a tubular rubber seal with different damage shapes are used to conduct the leakage experiment, validating the correctness of this new measurement principle for the leakage rate and the leakage position. The results indicate the feasibility of the leakage measurement method for damaged seal material based on the temperature gradient field from infrared thermography.
A Global Information Approach to Computerized Adaptive Testing (1996)

Most item selection in computerized adaptive testing is based on Fisher information (or item information). At each stage, an item is selected to maximize the Fisher information at the currently estimated trait level (θ). However, this application of Fisher information could be much less efficient than assumed if the estimators are not close to the true θ, especially at early stages of an adaptive test when the test length (number of items) is too short to provide an accurate estimate for true θ. It is argued here that selection procedures based on global information should be used, at least at early stages of a test when θ estimates are not likely to be close to the true θ. For this purpose, an item selection procedure based on average global information is proposed. Re sults from pilot simulation studies comparing the usual maximum item information item selection with the pro posed global information approach are reported, indicat ing that the new method leads to improvement in terms of bias and mean squared error reduction under many circumstances. Index terms: computerized adaptive testing, Fisher information, global information, infor mation surface, item information, item response theory, Kullback-Leibler information, local information, test in formation.
Novel second generation VICTS-2 antennas for transformation communications (2003)

The Variably Inclined Continuous Transverse Stub (VICTS) technology, especially in its second-generation antenna shows exceptional promise as a low-cost, high-performance alternative to traditional phased arrays in advanced communications applications. VICTS technology was invented and developed by Raytheon (1) as an outgrowth of work conducted on continuous transverse stub (CTS) radiators. In its basic form (VICTS-1), a series of long, wideband slots is excited by a parallel plate feed network. Elevation scanning is accomplished via the independent rotation (inclination) of the slots with respect to the feed, and azimuth scanning is accomplished by rotating the feed and radiation layers together in a θ-φ spherically scanned system. The VICTS-2 antenna is therefore a low profile, planar, electro-mechanically-scanned, broadband passive phased array whose simple design translates into low-cost production, high-reliability, and low-loss antennas.

This paper describes the key technical and operational advantages of the VICTS-2 antenna compared with contemporary Active Electronically Scanned Antennas (AESAs), within the context of advanced communications systems. The advantages are significant and warrant careful consideration of the VICTS-2 design.
The Effect of Surgical Stress on the in Vitro Metabolism of Thyroxine by Rat Liver, Kidney, and Brain* (1991)

In man, acute stress, like extensive surgery, leads to a rapid and prolonged decrease in serum T3 concentrations. The present study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms that underly the abrupt decrease in T3-neogenesis that occurs in response to acute surgical stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, surgically thyroidectomized, and treated with 1.2 micrograms T4/100 g BW/day, underwent wide vertical and horizontal incisions extending into the abdominal cavity while receiving light ether anesthesia. Different dietary manipulations were performed to investigate the superimposed influence of reduced carbohydrate and caloric intake on T3-neogenesis. The metabolism of 125I T4 labeled in its outer (phenolic) ring was investigated in liver, kidney, and brain homogenates of animals killed 48 h after surgery. In liver, values for the proportion of T4 degraded and the percent generation of T3 and iodide were unaffected by laparotomy. The percent T3 generation in experiments with 25 nM T4 concentration was 3.7 +/- 1.24% (mean +/- SD) in fed control animals given free access to 5% glucose, 3.4 +/- 0.67% in unoperated controls given a restricted amount of chow and 5% glucose, and 3.8 +/- 0.67% in operated animals given free access to chow and 5% glucose. As expected, T3 neogenesis in livers from unoperated animals was significantly reduced in rats fasted for 48 h and this reduction was similar in laparotomized rats fasted for 48 h after surgery. As in the liver, no effect of laparotomy on T4 metabolism in kidney and brain homogenates was observed. Finally, serum total T4 and T3 concentrations were not affected by surgery. It is concluded that acute surgical stress in thyroidectomized T4 replaced rats does not influence T4 metabolism in liver, kidney, and brain homogenates or affect the serum T4 and T3 concentrations. Since thyroid secretion of T4 (and T3) was eliminated and careful attention was paid to caloric intake in this rat model, previously reported abnormalities in serum thyroid hormone concentrations and T3-neogenesis in various states of nonthyroidal illness in man and rat, including surgery, are probably contributed to by thyroid secretion of T4 (and T3) and caloric deprivation, especially carbohydrate.
REFERENCES (1996)

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Business-Intelligence Queries with Order Dependencies in DB2 (2014)

Business-intelligence queries often involve SQL functions and algebraic expressions. There can be clear semantic relationships between a column’s values and the values of a function over that column. A common property is monotonicity: as the column’s values ascend, so do the function’s values. This we call an order dependency (OD). Queries can be evaluated more efficiently when the query optimizer uses order dependencies. They can be run even faster when the optimizer can also reason over known ODs to infer new ones. Order dependencies can be declared as integrity constraints, and they can be detected automatically for many types of SQL functions and algebraic expressions. We present optimization techniques using ODs for queries that involve join, order by, group by, partition by, and distinct. Essentially, ODs can further exploit interesting orders to eliminate or simplify potentially expensive sorts in the query plan. We evaluate these techniques over our implementation in IBM R ° DB2 R ° V10 using the TPC-DS R ° benchmark schema and some IBM customer inspired queries. Our experimental results demonstrate a significant performance gain. We additionally devise an algorithm for testing logical implication for ODs which is polynomial over the size of the set of given ODs. We show that the inference algorithm which we have implemented in DB2 is sound and complete over sets of ODs over natural domains. This enables the optimizer to infer useful ODs from known ODs.
Weekly Dosing With the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor SU9518 Significantly Inhibits Arterial Stenosis (2001)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands and their receptors have been implicated as critical regulators of the formation of arterial lesions after tissue injury. SU9518 (3[5-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propionic acid) is a novel synthetic indolinone that potently and selectively inhibits the cellular PDGF receptor kinase and PDGF receptor-induced cell proliferation. Inhibition of PDGF receptor phosphorylation in cell-based assays occurs within 5 minutes after drug exposure and persists for >6 hours after drug removal. The pharmacokinetics indicate plasma levels that exceeded the effective concentration required to inhibit the PDGF receptor in cells for up to 8 hours or 7 days after a single oral or subcutaneous administration, respectively. In the rat balloon arterial injury-induced stenosis model, once-daily oral or once-weekly subcutaneous administration of SU9518 reduced intimal thickening of the carotid artery (ratio of neointimal to medial area, 1.94+/-0.38 versus 1.03+/-0.29 [P<0.01] 2.21+/-0.32 versus 1.34+/-0.45 [P<0.01], respectively). These studies provide the rationale to evaluate PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including inhibitors related to the indolinone, SU9518, for the treatment of arterial restenosis.
The impact of IL28B genotype on the gene expression profile of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin (2012)

IL28B CC genotype patients with CH-C show a sustained treatment-induced gene expression profile which is not seen in non-CC genotype patients. Silencing of SOCS1 is a negative and independent predictor of SVR. These data may provide some mechanistic explanation for higher rate of SVR in IL28B CC patients who are treated with PEG-IFN/RBV.
Domain Wall Tip for Manipulation of Magnetic Particles (2003)

We demonstrate a method for manipulation of single magnetic microparticles based on a domain wall tip displaced in a controlled manner. By applying an external magnetic field, the tip can either drag or push magnetic particles. This kind of tweezers has potential applications in probing and manipulating colloidal systems.
Excimer laser-induced heating, melting, and mass diffusion in crystal silicon in nanosecond and nanometer scale (1996)

Heat and mass transfer at the nanosecond time scale and the nanometer length scale in pulsed laser fabrication of ultra-shallow p+-junction is studied in this work. A technique is developed to fabricate the ultra-shallow p+-junctions with pulsed laser doping of crystalline silicon with a solid spin-on-glass (SOG) dopant, through the nanosecond pulsed laser heating, melting, and boron mass diffusion in the 100 nm thin silicon layer close to the surface. High boron concentration of 10<SUP>20</SUP> atoms/cc and the `box-like' junction profile are achieved. The key mechanism determining the `box-like' junction shape is found to be the melt-solid interface limited diffusion. The ultra-shallow p+-junctions with the depth from 30 nm to 400 nm are successfully made by the excimer laser. The optimal laser fluence condition for SOG doping is found about 0.6 - 0.8 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> by studying the ultra-shallow p+-junction boron profiles measured by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy versus the laser fluence and the pulse number. The 1D numerical analysis agrees reasonably with the experiment, within the available physical picture. Possible mechanisms such as boron diffusivity dependence on the dopant concentration in the molten silicon are proposed.
Microwave Frequency Effects in Organic Synthesis (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Review of Microwave Frequency Effects in Chemical Reactions Microwave Chemical Reaction Apparatus Operating at Various Frequencies Frequency Effects and Heating Efficiency in Various Solutions Examples of Chemical Reactions Impacted by Microwave Frequency Effects Conclusion Acknowledgments References
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl and Arylmethyl Phosphonates by Cross‐Coupling of Aryl or Arylmethyl Halides (X: I, Br and Cl) with Diisopropyl H‐Phosphonate. (2013)

Abstract The new method for the palladacycle‐catalyzed arylation reaction is applicable to a wide range of substrates as aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides tolerating diverse substitution pattern including several ortho‐substituents.
Figure S1, Figure S2, Figure S3, Figure S4, Figure S5 from Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Profiling of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-5&lt;/p&gt;
Data driven point packing for fast clustering (2018)

Modern data acquisition has forced the field of large data on the scientific community. This papers gives a rapid technique for clustering data. The technique is based on an off-line process for packing points chosen from a data space. Once the off-line process has been run, the clustering may be re-run on different data sets of the same type in linear time. The clustering takes the form of a Voronoi tiling of the data space with the tile centres being the elements of the point packing. The data items within each tile form the clusters. The evolutionary algorithm is an adaptation of one, based on the Conway crossover operator, that has been used to create error correcting codes over the Levenstein metric; the tile centres are a form of code, but over the Euclidean metric. The technique generalizes smoothly to other metric spaces and may be used on any type of data for which a distance metric can be devised. The data set used in this study captures information about codon usage bias in human genes. The clustering is validated by looking for GO term over- representation in the clusters, with significant results.
Switching considerations and new transfer circuits for electromagnetic launch systems (1984)

Electromagnetic (EM) launchers have severe switching requirements. Switching demands for railgun systems, for instance, include current conduction from hundreds of kA to a few MA, conduction times of a ms to a few s, standoff voltages as high as a few tens of kV, recovery voltages of 1-10 kV after conduction, opening and closing duty, and repetitive operation up to about 50 Hz. These demands, particularly for repetitive opening duty, are far beyond the capability of most current switches and switching concepts. This paper will review the performance of rod array triggered vacuum gap (RATVG) switches and discuss their potential for solving switching problems in EM launcher systems. A new mode of operation for the RATVG switch is proposed. Fundamental considerations for the operation of opening switches and their associated transfer circuits are presented. Methods of recovering the railgun's inductive energy to enable efficient repetitive operation are discussed and new circuits with such capability are proposed.
Parasite Epigenetic Targets (2019)

Parasitic diseases remain a major global health problem, both in terms of the morbidity and mortality they cause and their economic impact. Their control relies heavily on drug treatments of which the efficacy is limited by exigent dosing schedules and side-effects as well as by emerging parasite drug resistance. The need for new drugs is therefore urgent and among the strategies for drug discovery against parasites the screening of epigenetic targets is increasingly pursued. This approach is extensively exploited in other pathologies, particularly cancer, and allows “piggy-backing” on the existing expertise and extensive compound libraries to develop anti-parasitic therapies. Here we review the current knowledge of epigenetic processes in parasites, focusing on the organisms causing malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis. We discuss the main validated epigenetic therapeutic targets, as well as strategies and advances in the development of parasite-selective therapeutic agents.
Alteration in Salivary Function in Early HIV Infection (2003)

The etiology of salivary gland hypofunction in HIV(+) patients is unclear. This study was designed to determine the effect of early-stage HIV(+) infection (CD4(+) > 200 cells/ micro L; n = 139) on salivary gland function and the relationship of this dysfunction to the taking of xerostomic medications. Salivary flow rates and the content of electrolytes and antimicrobial proteins in stimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva were determined. Compared with healthy controls (n = 50), the HIV(+) group showed significant reductions in flow rates of unstimulated whole (35%), stimulated parotid (47%), unstimulated submandibular/sublingual (23%), and stimulated submandibular/sublingual (39%) saliva. The flow rates for the HIV(+) patients taking xerostomic medications did not differ from those of patients who did not. Concentrations of some salivary gland components were altered in the HIV(+) group. Analysis of these data suggests that salivary gland function is adversely affected early in HIV infection and that these changes do not appear to be compounded by the taking of xerostomic medications.
Transcatheter placement of an intraluminal prosthesis for the thoracic aorta. A new approach to aortic dissections. (1992)

A new aortic prosthesis (SAP, shape memory aortic prosthesis) was developed with its transfemoral placement system to treat aortic dissection with minimal invasion. The SAP consists of a Nitinol stent and polyurethane tube, and it is designed in such a configuration that it can be compressed inside a 14 Fr catheter when cold. It regains its original shape when warmed to 30 degrees C. From the results of intra-aortic sutureless placement of SAP in 10 mongrel dogs, we concluded that a SAP of proper diameter could be implanted safely for more than 3 months. The transfemoral placement system is composed of a delivery catheter, pushing rod, catching catheter, and pulling wire. Using these devices, transfemoral placement of SAP was demonstrated successfully in three dogs and one sheep. The original SAP and delivery system can be used as an emergency procedure for aortic dissections, such as Stanford type B. The advantages of the procedure are minimal invasion of acutely ill patients and prompt application in the catheter laboratory.
Design of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) powered chamber for study of optimization of barley malt diastatic (fermentation) power and bioactive compounds for food production. (2020)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> The intensity of light alongside other environmental and biological factors have potential effects on the malting process of barley to increase not only hydrolytic enzyme accumulation but also can increase reactive antioxidant contents that are produced as a way to balance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants subjected to significant abiotic stress. This project aimed to design and construct an inexpensive LED-powered chamber framework for the study of the impact of a combination of the LEDs waveband on the quality of malted barley. For the design, wooden materials of a set of 5.08 cm x 5.08 cm x 243.84 cm weather shield wood and 0.635 cm x 60.96 cm x 60.96 cm plywood were used for the construction of the body frame. The frame has outside dimensions of 60.96cm (W) x 60.96 cm (D) x 91.44 cm (H) for the box frame section and 60.96 cm (W) x 30.48 cm (D) x 30.48 cm (H) for the hanger section providing a total surface area of 3716.1216 cm<sup>2</sup> for the chamber room. The LEDs lighting system consists of red and blue color diodes within the waveband of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity of 400 â 700 nm. The framework was designed to meet an estimated change in light intensities between 45 Î¼mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup> </sup>to 350 Î¼mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup> </sup>depending on the height of the LEDs.
MPLS Label Operations in MPLS EH capable networks (2019)

Extension Headers (EH) carry information on in-network services and
functions in an MPLS network. This document describes the operations
on the MPLS label stack when an EH is found in the packet.
Nociceptin or antinociceptin: potent spinal antinociceptive effect of orphanin FQ/nociceptin in the rat. (1996)

A heptadecapeptide (orphanin FQ or nociceptin) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid-like receptor. Here we report that intrathecal orphanin FQ produces dose-dependent depression of a spinal nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat. Furthermore, administration of orphanin FQ in rats with intrathecal catheters produced behavioural antinociception in the tail flick test with no signs of sedation or motor impairment. The reflex depressive effect of orphanin FQ was not reversed by antagonists of opioidergic, alpha 2-adrenergic and GABA-A receptors. Thus, orphanin FQ may suppress nociceptive input at the spinal level through an novel mechanism. Orphanin FQ or agonists of its receptor may represent novel analgesics for pain conditions which are not responsive to existing pharmacological therapy.
Configuration Control in Compiler Construction. (1988)

Abstract : A compiler is made up of a large number of individual components. Some of these components are generated from formal specifications, some result from hand adaptation of general algorithms, and some are standard modules from a library. Configuration control is a serious problem in compiler construction: How do we subdivide the compilation task into components, solve them individually, and then re-integrate the solutions into a consistent product. The authors have successfully used the Odin object manager to solve this problem for a particular compiler architecture. The resulting system illustrates many of the complexities of configuration control in an environment of compiler construction tools. Keywords: Implementation; Off the shelf equipment.