gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Des premiers lasers à gaz carbonique aux interféromètres atomiques et moléculaires (2019)

L'objectif de cette publication est de faire émerger le fil conducteur qui m'a guidé sur un chemin parfois chaotique depuis la spectroscopie jusqu'à l'interférométrie atomique. La recherche d'un pouvoir de résolution toujours croissant a entraîné les spectroscopistes à prendre en compte le mouvement externe des atomes et des molécules. L'élargissement Doppler habituel puis l'effet Doppler relativiste pouvaient s'accommoder d'un traitement classique de ce mouvement externe. Mais l'effet de recul s'est imposé pour faire respecter la conservation de la quantité de mouvement entre atomes et lumière. Dès lors, il était devenu impératif de traiter simultanément et de façon quantique les degrés de liberté internes et les degrés de liberté externes des atomes et molécules. Les processus impliqués dans les différentes méthodes de spectroscopie sont alors apparus comme des phénomènes d'interférence quantique entre différents chemins d'espace-temps corrélés avec les changements d'état interne des objets. Ces interférences sont bien représentées par des diagrammes de matrice densité. La notion d'interféromètre atomique est alors rendue manifeste dans ces diagrammes. La méthode des champs séparés de Ramsey peut être interprétée comme un processus interférométrique dans l'espace interne aux atomes qui peut être étendue au domaine optique grâce à une interférence dans l'espace externe qui annule l'effet Doppler du premier ordre. Les nouveaux interféromètres sont des senseurs inertiels en même temps que des horloges, une phase externe s'ajoutant à la phase interne. Une description unifiée se fait naturellement dans un espace à cinq dimensions qui combine ces deux aspects en ajoutant la dimension interne liée au temps propre à l'espace-temps externe. Elle offre une classification naturelle des interféromètres à partir du tenseur métrique et de ses dérivées. À titre d'exemple, on introduit ainsi le concept d'interféromètre chiral pour rechercher une propriété chirale de l'espace-temps, telle que sa torsion.
Adittional concepts of MOSFETS: Lecture 3(2) (2009)

ET4296. Advanced Device Physics. This course will focus for a large part on MOSFET and CMOS, but also on heterojunction BJT, and photonic devices.
Editorial (2020)

May 2020 be a rewarding year of change. The recent commitment of the European Commission and policymakers to fight cancer in partnership is expected to bring forward the changes long required in the field. Molecular Oncology will stay at the forefront of all developments in the area of oncology by providing a flexible platform for European and International cancer research.
Successful osimertinib treatment for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from lung adenocarcinoma with the T790M mutation of EGFR (2017)

Osimertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that has been approved for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) positive for the secondary T790M mutation of EGFR. In a preclinical study, it also showed efficacy against leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) derived from NSCLC resistant to first-generation and second-generation EGFR-TKIs. We now report the case of a patient aged 70 years with symptomatic LMC derived from NSCLC with the T790M mutation of EGFR who showed a clinical and radiographic response to osimertinib.
Clinician's Pocket Drug Reference, 2011 (1905)

https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jeffersonfacultybooks/1006/thumbnail.jpg
Estimation of unperturbed chain dimensions of macromolecules from intrinsic viscosity data (1970)

Abstract An attempt has been made to examine the applicability of the methods, proposed by K AMIDE et al. and S TOCKMAYER and F IXMAN , for evaluating the unperturbed chain dimensions of macromolecules from intrinsic viscosity data. In the method of K AMIDE et al. , the F LORY 's K value is evaluated from the parameters K m and a in the intrinsic viscosity‐molecular weight relation (the K UHN ‐M ARK ‐H OUWINK ‐S AKURADA equation) expressed by [η] = K m · M a , which should be established in two or more solvents for a given series of fractions of a flexible polymer. Namely, the K value can be obtained from an intercept at a = 0.5 of the plots of −log K m + log [1 + 2{( a − 0.5) −1 − 2} −1 ] against ( a − 0.5). STOCKMAYER and FIXMAN proposed a method for evaluating the K value as an intercept at M 1/2 = 0 of the [η]/M 1/2 vs. M 1/2 plots. The K values were calculated by using the two methods for isotactic poly(butene‐1), poly( m ‐methyl styrene), poly( p ‐methyl styrene), poly( p ‐chloro styrene), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(2‐vinyl pyridine), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(tetrahydrofuran), poly(acenaphthylene), poly(hexene‐1 sulphone), polyether from bisphenol A and 4.4‐dichlorodiphenyl sulphone, poly(propylene glycol), nylon 66, poly(ethylene terephthalate), chlorinated rubber, p ‐chloro styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer, and amylose acetate. The results of analysis on the intrinsic viscosity data showed that in poor solvents the method of K AMIDE et al. gives similar K values to those obtained by the method of S TOCKMAYER and F IXMAN , but in good solvents the former method gives accurate unperturbed dimensions, rather than the latter.
In vitro and in vivo responses of mucosa from the large colon of horses to ischemia and reperfusion (2011)

Ischemia induced during the brief period allowed rapid mucosal repair and complete recovery of tissue barrier properties during reperfusion. Therefore, reperfusion injury was not observed for this method of ischemic damage in equine colonic mucosa.
High‐resolution maps of magnetization transfer with inherent correction for RF inhomogeneity and T1 relaxation obtained from 3D FLASH MRI (2008)

An empirical equation for the magnetization transfer (MT) FLASH signal is derived by analogy to dual-excitation FLASH, introducing a novel semiquantitative parameter for MT, the percentage saturation imposed by one MT pulse during TR. This parameter is obtained by a linear transformation of the inverse signal, using two reference experiments of proton density and T(1) weighting. The influence of sequence parameters on the MT saturation was studied. An 8.5-min protocol for brain imaging at 3 T was based on nonselective sagittal 3D-FLASH at 1.25 mm isotropic resolution using partial acquisition techniques (TR/TE/alpha = 25ms/4.9ms/5 degrees or 11ms/4.9ms/15 degrees for the T(1) reference). A 12.8 ms Gaussian MT pulse was applied 2.2 kHz off-resonance with 540 degrees flip angle. The MT saturation maps showed an excellent contrast in the brain due to clearly separated distributions for white and gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Within the limits of the approximation (excitation <15 degrees , TR/T(1) less sign 1) the MT term depends mainly on TR, the energy and offset of the MT pulse, but hardly on excitation and T(1) relaxation. It is inherently compensated for inhomogeneities of receive and transmit RF fields. The MT saturation appeared to be a sensitive parameter to depict MS lesions and alterations of normal-appearing white matter.
Exploration of Self-Propelling Droplets Using a Curiosity Driven Robotic\n Assistant (2019)

We describe a chemical robotic assistant equipped with a curiosity algorithm\n(CA) that can efficiently explore the state a complex chemical system can\nexhibit. The CA-robot is designed to explore formulations in an open-ended way\nwith no explicit optimization target. By applying the CA-robot to the study of\nself-propelling multicomponent oil-in-water droplets, we are able to observe an\norder of magnitude more variety of droplet behaviours than possible with a\nrandom parameter search and given the same budget. We demonstrate that the\nCA-robot enabled the discovery of a sudden and highly specific response of\ndroplets to slight temperature changes. Six modes of self-propelled droplets\nmotion were identified and classified using a time-temperature phase diagram\nand probed using a variety of techniques including NMR. This work illustrates\nhow target free search can significantly increase the rate of unpredictable\nobservations leading to new discoveries with potential applications in\nformulation chemistry.\n
The Influence of Chemical Chaperones on Enzymatic Activity under Thermal and Chemical Stresses: Common Features and Variation among Diverse Chemical Families (2014)

Molecular and chemical chaperones are key components of the two main mechanisms that ensure structural stability and activity under environmental stresses. Yet, chemical chaperones are often regarded only as osmolytes and their role beyond osmotic regulation is not fully understood. Here, we systematically studied a large group of chemical chaperones, representatives of diverse chemical families, for their protective influence under either thermal or chemical stresses. Consistent with previous studies, we observed that in spite of the structural similarity between sugars and sugar alcohols, they have an apparent difference in their protective potential. Our results support the notion that the protective activity is mediated by the solvent and the presence of water is essential. In the current work we revealed that i) polyols and sugars have a completely different profile of protective activity toward trifluoroethanol and thermal stress; ii) minor changes in solvent composition that do not affect enzyme activity, yet have a great effect on the ability of osmolytes to act as protectants and iii) increasing the number of active groups of carbohydrates makes them better protectants while increasing the number of active groups of methylamines does not, as revealed by attempts to synthesize de novo designed methylamines with multiple functional groups.
Altered expression of c-myc, p16 and p27 in rat colon tumors and its reversal by short-term treatment with chemopreventive agents (2002)

Modulation of gene expression in tumors has the potential of being a surrogate end-point biomarker for chemoprevention. Thus, we determined the modulation by chemopreventive agents of the protein and mRNA expression of genes in rat colon tumors. Male F344 rats were administered three weekly injections of 15 mg/kg azoxymethane. Forty-seven weeks later, they received aspirin (600), calcium chloride (50 000), 2-(carboxyphenyl) retinamide (2-CPR, 315), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 3000), piroxicam (200), quercetin (33 600), 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA, 30), rutin (3000), or sulindac (280) in their diet at the indicated mg/kg concentration for 7 days and were then killed. In colon tumors relative to the mucosa, the protein and mRNA levels of c-myc were increased, while the levels of p16 and p27 were decreased. Calcium chloride, DFMO, piroxicam and sulindac administered for 7 days decreased the mitotic index and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of c-myc in colon tumors. Calcium chloride, DFMO and piroxicam increased the protein and mRNA levels of p16 and along with sulindac increased the protein level of p27, but not its mRNA. The other agents failed to modulate both the mitotic index and the expression of the genes. The ability of the chemopreventive agents to prevent colon tumors was determined. Male F344 rats were administered three weekly injections of 15 mg/kg azoxymethane and 8 weeks later they were administered aspirin, 2-CPR, DFMO, piroxicam, 9-cis RA and rutin in their diet. The rats were killed 26 weeks after they started to receive the chemopreventive agents. The multiplicity of colon tumors was reduced by DFMO and piroxicam, increased by rutin and not affected by the other agents. Hence, agents that prevented colon cancer decreased the mitotic index and altered the expression of c-myc, p16 and p27 suggesting that modulation in the expression of these genes are potential biomarkers for chemopreventive activity.
COVID-19 Test Frequency Versus Test Sensitivity in Disrupting SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: A Review of Statistical Modeling Simulations (2022)

Objectives: This paper presents a statistical review of modelling simulations for frequency and sensitivity of COVID-19 testing paradigms. Methods: We performed a review of preprints and published articles on PubMed from January 1, 2020 &amp;ndash; March 1, 2021 using the search terms &amp;ldquo;COVID screening testing&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;COVID testing frequency&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;COVID testing frequency screening&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;SARS-CoV-2 testing frequency&amp;rdquo;.Results: Several authors&amp;rsquo; conclusions support the claim that test frequency and test sensitivity both play a role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We highlight the interplay between frequency of testing, test sensitivity and the speed at which test results are available in our review. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that sensitivity and frequency of testing both play a part in decreasing transmission of disease. We conclude that, overall, test sensitivity plays less of a role in reducing disease transmission in a population compared to the frequency of testing and how quickly test results are available.
Purification and characterization of a ketimine‐reducing enzyme (1988)

An NAD(P)H-dependent reductase able to reduce a new class of cyclic unsaturated compounds named ketimines has been detected and purified 2500-fold from pig kidney. Some molecular and kinetic properties of this enzyme have been determined. The enzymatic reduction proceeds with a classical ping-pong mechanism and some results suggest that the true substrate has the ketiminic structure and is in equilibrium with the enaminic and keto-open forms. As previously described, ketimines arise from the deamination of a number of sulfur-containing amino acids, i.e. L-cystathionine, L-lanthionine and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine, catalyzed by a widespread mammalian transaminase. The enzymatic reduction products of ketimines have been identified as cyclothionine, 1,4-thiomorpholine 3,5-dicarboxylic acid and 1,4-thiomorpholine 3-carboxylic acid. Some of these compounds have been detected in mammals, thus suggesting a possible role of this enzyme in their biosynthesis.
A STUDY OF UMTS TERRESTRIAL RADIO ACCESS PERFORMANCE (2003)

This thesis considers the performance evaluation of third generation radio networks, in particular UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). First, the performance evaluation methods are presented. The typical capacity of UTRA is estimated using those methods and a few solutions are evaluated to improve the capacity and coverage. The thesis further studies the effect of base station synchronization on the performance of UTRA time division duplex mode.\n\nThe performance evaluation is based on the combination of theoretical calculations, link and system level simulations, and laboratory and field measurements. It is shown that these different evaluation methods give similar results and – when combined together – they can be used for the radio network development purposes.\n\nThe simulation results indicate that the typical WCDMA, i.e. UTRA frequency division duplex mode, macro cell capacity is between 600 and 1000 kbps per sector per 5 MHz. The capacity is sensitive to the environment and to the transceiver performance. The results further show that user bit rates up to 2 Mbps can be provided locally for packet data with the basic Rake receiver, but not for full coverage circuit switched connections in macro cells.\n\nThe following performance enhancement techniques are evaluated in this thesis: soft combining of packet retransmissions, base station multiuser detection and 4-branch base station receiver diversity. The link level simulations show that soft combining can provide a gain up to 2.0 dB, which can be used to increase the capacity up to 60 %. The performance of base station multiuser detection is evaluated with link and system level simulations. It is shown that the studied sub-optimal multiuser detector is able to remove 60-70 % of the intra-cell interference. That gain can be utilized to improve the uplink capacity by 50-100 % or the coverage by 1-2 dB. The performance of 4-branch antenna diversity is evaluated in the simulations and in the field measurements. The results show that the average coverage gain of 4-branch diversity with two separate cross-polarized antennas is 3 dB compared to 2-branch diversity with one cross-polarized antenna.\n\nThe synchronization requirements of UTRA time division duplex base stations are studied with system simulations. The results show that synchronization is a key requirement for time division duplex operation, especially for the uplink performance. The study indicates that co-location of different operators' base stations is feasible in time division duplex operation only if the two networks are synchronized and if an identical split between uplink and downlink is used.
Clotho-AQA: A Crowdsourced Dataset for Audio Question Answering (2022)

Audio question answering (AQA) is a multimodal translation task where a system analyzes an audio signal and a natural language question, to generate a desirable natural language answer. In this paper, we introduce Clotho-AQA, a dataset for Audio question answering consisting of 1991 audio files each between 15 to 30 seconds duration selected from the Clotho dataset. For each audio file, we collect six different questions and corresponding answers by crowdsourcing using Amazon Mechanical Turk. The questions and answers are produced by different annotators. Out of the six questions for each audio, two questions each are designed to have ‘yes’ and ‘no’ as answers, while the remaining two questions have other single-word answers. For each question, we collect answers from three different annotators. We also present two baseline experiments to describe the usage of our dataset for the AQA task — a Long short-term memory (LSTM) based multimodal binary classifier for ‘yes’ or ‘no’ type answers and an LSTM based multimodal multi-class classifier for 828 single-word answers. The binary classifier achieved an accuracy of 62.7% and the multi-class classifier achieved a top-1 accuracy of 54.2% and a top-5 accuracy of 93.7%. Clotho-AQA dataset is freely available online at https://zenodo.org/record/6473207.
Deep Learning para Processamento de Linguagem Natural (2022)

O Livro de Minicursos ministrados no XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (SBSI 2022) aborda conteúdos relacionados a técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural, dentre elas, a utilização de algoritmos de deep learning (redes neurais profundas), e apresenta também uma abordagem para organizar hackathons corporativas. No primeiro capítulo, intitulado “Como Organizar uma Hackathon Corporativa?, apresenta um processo para condução de hackathons corporativas, permitindo que os participantes adotem essa ferramenta para melhorar os processos de trabalho, produtos e serviços de suas organizações, sob a ótica de inovação. Já o segundo e último capítulo, intitulado “Deep Learning para Processamento de Linguagem Natural”, é apresentado um levantamento de técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural, a fim de fornecer um panorama sobre os principais direcionamentos utilizados no processamento de textos atualmente.
Author Correction: Novel Bead-Based Epitope Assay is a sensitive and reliable tool for profiling epitope-specific antibody repertoire in food allergy (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Spectra crossplot (2007)

AVO technology has successfully detected hydrocarbon reservoirs for more than two decades. However, AVO is not the master key for unlocking the identity of lithology and pore fluid for every reservoir. There are still problems that the existing AVO technology doesn't handle adequately, thus new AVO technology is often introduced by combining two different techniques. We are proposing such a combination. Thin-bed amplitude spectra and angle-dependent reflection amplitude are related to pore-fluid content by crossplotting frequency slices from spectral decomposition cubes at two different incident angles.
Inverse-power-law behavior of cellular motility reveals stromal–epithelial cell interactions in 3D co-culture by OCT fluctuation spectroscopy (2020)

The progression of breast cancer is known to be affected by stromal cells within the local microenvironment. Here we study the effect of stromal fibroblasts on the in-place motions (motility) of mammary epithelial cells within organoids in 3D co-culture, inferred from the speckle fluctuation spectrum using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In contrast to Brownian motion, mammary cell motions exhibit an inverse power-law fluctuation spectrum. We introduce two complementary metrics for quantifying fluctuation spectra: the power-law exponent and a novel definition of the motility amplitude, both of which are signal- and position-independent. We find that the power-law exponent and motility amplitude are positively (p<0.001) and negatively (p<0.01) correlated with the density of stromal cells in 3D co-culture, respectively. We also show how the hyperspectral data can be visualized using these metrics to observe heterogeneity within organoids. This constitutes a simple and powerful tool for detecting and imaging cellular functional changes with OCT.
Intramedullary spinal Histoplasma granuloma (1989)

While there have been several cases of cerebral histoplasmoma published in the literature, the occurrence of such a lesion in an intramedullary spinal location has not previously been reported. The authors present a patient with a Brown-Séquard lesion secondary to an intramedullary Histoplasma granuloma in the cervical region. The case was successfully managed with surgical removal of the lesion.
Easy Access to Silicon(0) and Silicon(II) Compounds (2013)

Two different synthetic methodologies of silicon dihalide bridged biradicals of the general formula (L(n)•)2SiX2 (n = 1, 2) have been developed. First, the metathesis reaction between NHC:SiX2 and L(n): (L(n): = cyclic akyl(amino) carbene in a 1:3 molar ratio leads to the products 2 (n = 1, X = Cl), 4 (n = 2, X = Cl), 6 (n = 1, X = Br), and 7 (n = 2, X = Br). These reactions also produce coupled NHCs (3, 5) under C-C bond formation. The formation of the coupled NHCs (L(m) = cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene substituted N-heterocyclic carbene; m = 3, n = 1 (3) and m = 4, n =2 (5)) is faster during the metathesis reaction between NHC:SiBr2 and L(n): when compared with that of NHC:SiCl2. Second, the reaction of L(1):SiCl4 (8) (L(1): =:C(CH2)(CMe2)2N-2,6-iPr2C6H3) with a non-nucleophilic base LiN(iPr)2 in a 1:1 molar ratio shows an unprecedented methodology for the synthesis of the biradical (L(1)•)2SiCl2 (2). The blue blocks of silicon dichloride bridged biradicals (2, 4) are stable for more than six months under an inert atmosphere and in air for one week. Compounds 2 and 4 melt in the temperature range of 185 to 195 °C. The dibromide (6, 7) analogue is more prone to decomposition in the solution but comparatively more stable in the solid state than in the solution. Decomposition of the products has been observed in the UV-vis spectra. Moreover, compounds 2 and 4 were further converted to stable singlet biradicaloid dicarbene-coordinated (L(n):)2Si(0) (n = 1 (9), 2 (10)) under KC8 reduction. Compounds 2 and 4 were also reduced to dehalogenated products 9 and 10, respectively when treated with RLi (R = Ph, Me, tBu). Cyclic voltametry measurements show that 10 can irreversibly undergo both one electron oxidation and reduction.
Additive Manufacturing to Produce Complex 3D Ceramic Parts (2014)

International audience