gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Narrow-band CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-TEA laser for efficient FIR laser pumping (1977)

To reduce the linewidth mismatch between the emission lines of a CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -TEA laser and the absorption lines of a low-pressure FIR gain medium a tiltable Ge etalon has been introduced into the TEA resonator. The resulting spectral compression and tunability increase the energy conversion efficiency in a TEA laser pumped CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> OH laser by as much as a factor of 37 and has led to the observation of 14 new FIR laser lines.
Functional and evolutionary characterization of a secondary metabolite gene cluster in budding yeasts (2018)

Secondary metabolites are key in how organisms from all domains of life interact with their environment and each other. The iron-binding molecule pulcherrimin was described a century ago, but the genes responsible for its production in budding yeasts have remained uncharacterized. Here, we used phylogenomic footprinting on 90 genomes across the budding yeast subphylum Saccharomycotina to identify the gene cluster associated with pulcherrimin production. Using targeted gene replacements in <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i>, we characterized the four genes that make up the cluster, which likely encode two pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis enzymes, a pulcherrimin transporter, and a transcription factor involved in both biosynthesis and transport. The requirement of a functional putative transporter to utilize extracellular pulcherrimin-complexed iron demonstrates that pulcherriminic acid is a siderophore, a chelator that binds iron outside the cell for subsequent uptake. Surprisingly, we identified homologs of the putative transporter and transcription factor genes in multiple yeast genera that lacked the biosynthesis genes and could not make pulcherrimin, including the model yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> We deleted these previously uncharacterized genes and showed they are also required for pulcherrimin utilization in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, raising the possibility that other genes of unknown function are linked to secondary metabolism. Phylogenetic analyses of this gene cluster suggest that pulcherrimin biosynthesis and utilization were ancestral to budding yeasts, but the biosynthesis genes and, subsequently, the utilization genes, were lost in many lineages, mirroring other microbial public goods systems that lead to the rise of cheater organisms.
Role of adhesion molecules in the progression of peritoneal sclerosis. (2003)

To investigate the role of adhesion molecules [intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and integrin alpha 5 beta 1] in the progression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) under peritoneal dialysis, we examined changes in the expression of those adhesion molecules in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with acidic dialysis solution with or without angiotensin II type 1a receptor blocker (ARB). We divided 48 WKY rats into 4 groups and dialyzed them with various solutions as follows: (1) pH 7 1.5% glucose dialysis solution (control group, n = 12); (2) pH 3.5 1.5% glucose dialysis solution (EPS group, n = 12); (3) pH 3.5 1.5% glucose dialysis solution, plus oral administration of CS866 5 mg/kg daily (ARB group, n = 12); and (4) pH 3.5 1.5% glucose dialysis solution, plus oral administration of amlodipine (CA group, n = 12). We injected the dialysis solutions into the abdominal cavity and administered the ARB and CA daily for 42 days. On days 3, 7, 14, and 42, three rats in each group were humanely killed by decapitation, and we studied the expression of adhesion molecules in peritoneum by the immunofluorescence method. In the EPS rats, expression of adhesion molecules was observed in peritoneum on day 3 after start of acidic solution treatment, in conjunction with an increment of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the dialysate. The peritoneum of EPS rats showed peritoneal fibrosis with interstitial cell infiltration. Treatment with ARB significantly suppressed expression of adhesion molecules in the peritoneum and suppressed peritoneal fibrosis. Treatment with a neutral solution induced no peritoneal fibrosis nor expression of adhesion molecules in the peritoneum. Our results suggest that adhesion molecules play an important role in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and resultant EPS. Treatment with ARB prevents the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and suppresses expression of adhesion molecules in the peritoneum.
An Optimized SVPWM Strategy for Five-Level Active NPC (5L-ANPC) Converter (2013)

The five-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) converter has been widely studied for its excellent performance in high-power medium-voltage applications. This paper analyzes the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy of the 5L-ANPC converter in the virtual coordinate, and presents an optimized control strategy which can balance the neutral point (NP) voltage and avoid the dead-time effects for the first time. In this strategy, on one hand, the 125 space vectors are combined by 96 triangles in the seven-segment vector synthesis method, then the triangles are divided into seven categories which have different characteristics of balancing the NP voltage, and every category has its own principles to choose the vector sequence and compute the vector durations. On the other hand, the dead-time effects of the 5L-ANPC converter are studied in detail and the transitions between different switching states are constrained in the optimized control strategy to avoid the dead-time effects that cannot be compensated by traditional pulse-based dead-time compensation methods. Finally, the optimized SVPWM strategy is experimentally verified in this paper.
Digital Baseband Modeling and Correction of Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers (2012)

Aspects related to behavioral modeling and correction of distortions for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) are treated in the thesis. When evaluating the performance of a behavioral model it is important to, first of all, use an evaluation criterion, and second, make sure that the criterion actually tells something about the behavior one wishes to describe. This is used in the weighted error spectral power ratio (WESPR) criterion by means of a frequency dependent weighting function. When the parameters of the models are estimated a suitable error criterion should likewise be used. The frequency weighting function in the WESPR is used in the extraction of the parameters. It is shown on two types of PAs that the model performance measured as WESPR can be improved while the model complexity is reduced compared to the standard frequency neutral criterion. When building a model of a system it is advantageous to take account of the physical structure and incorporate this knowledge into the model. It can improve model performance and possibly reduce the number of parameters. By starting from a physically motivated nonlinear model of a RF PA, the commonly used memory polynomial (MP) models are derived. Additionally, three novel MP model structures are derived. Using data measured on a PA it is found that two of these model structures have lower model errors while using fewer parameters than models previously published in the literature. Methods to increase the power efficiency and the linearity of RF PAs have been investigated. One of these methods is digital predistortion (DPD) which improves the linearity, thus facilitating operation at higher power levels which improves power efficiency. The other method is a signal shaping method that makes the signal more favorable to the PA by reducing the highest peaks to lower values. It is experimentally shown that the combination of DPD and signal shaping results in an increase of power efficiency in the order of 2-4 times. An instability in the feedback loop that updates the parameters of the DPD was also identified and two solutions were proposed. One solution changes the parameters of the DPD in such a way that the instability is avoided and the other changes the signal to avoid high amplitudes. The nonlinear effects of class-D outphasing amplifiers are considered. Four model structures are proposed and evaluated on data measured from two amplifiers. In order to reduce the distortions in the output signal from the amplifiers an algorithm using constant envelope amplitude (purely phase-modulated) signals is proposed. The DPD is evaluated and found to reduce the distortions in a state-of-the-art 32 dBm class-D outphasing PA to make it fulfill the linearity requirements for downlink signals used in the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
Successful Treatment of Atrophic Scars from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using a Fractional Laser (2010)

The excellent improvement in this patient should encourage further studies to achieve more efficacy and optimize the treatment parameters.
Highly luminescent silicate nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying process for biophotonics (2012)

International audience
Optical characterization of microcrystals (1987)

A new method to optical characterization of microcrystals is described and illustrated with experimental results. Techniques for characterizing the linear and nonlinear parameters of new materials at early stages of crystal growth have been developed. The linear indices of refraction and their dispersion are determined using combined methods of spindle stage microscopy and refractometry. This method has been extended to measurements at nonvisible wavelengths. An SHG apparatus of novel design is used to evaluate the overall nonlinearity. Both methods are used to study materials with single crystal domains as small as 50 ..mu..m. 14 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Atom (2017)

Atom is an anonymous messaging system that protects against traffic-analysis attacks. Unlike many prior systems, each Atom server touches only a small fraction of the total messages routed through the network. As a result, the system's capacity scales near-linearly with the number of servers. At the same time, each Atom user benefits from "best possible" anonymity: a user is anonymous among all honest users of the system, even against an active adversary who monitors the entire network, a portion of the system's servers, and any number of malicious users. The architectural ideas behind Atom have been known in theory, but putting them into practice requires new techniques for (1) avoiding heavy general-purpose multi-party computation protocols, (2) defeating active attacks by malicious servers at minimal performance cost, and (3) handling server failure and churn.
Evaluation of two synchronized external surrogates for 4D CT sorting (2013)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the performance and agreement between two different external surrogate acquisition systems: Varian's Real-Time Position Management (RPM) and Philips Medical Systems' pneumatic bellows, in the context of waveform and 4D CT image analysis. Eight patient displacement curves derived from RPM data were inputted into a motion platform with varying amplitudes (0.5 to 3 cm) and patterns. Simultaneous 4D CT acquisition, with synchronized X-ray on detection, was performed with the bellows and RPM block placed on the platform. Bellows data were used for online retrospective phase-based sorting, while RPM data were used for off-line reconstruction of raw 4D CT data. RPM and bellows breathing curves were resampled, normalized, and analyzed to determine associations between different external surrogates, relative amplitude differences, and system latency. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were generated, phantom targets were delineated, and volume differences, overlap index, and Dice similarity coefficient differences were evaluated. A prospective patient study of ten patients was performed and waveforms were evaluated for latency (i.e., absolute time differences) and overall agreement. 4D CT sorting quality and subtraction images were assessed. Near perfect associations between the RPM and bellows-acquired breathing traces were found (Pearson's r = 0.987-0.999). Target volumes were 200.4 ± 12 cc and 199.8 ± 12.6 cc for RPM and bellows targets, respectively, which was not significantly different (U = 33, p &gt; 0.05). Negligible centroid variations were observed between bellows and RPM-contoured MIP targets (largest discrepancy = -0.24 ± 0.31 mm in superior-inferior direction). The maximum volume difference was observed for an RPM target 2.5 cc (1%) less than bellows, yielding the largest difference in centroid displacement (0.9 mm). Strong correlations in bellows and RPM waveforms were observed for all patients (0.947 ± 0.037). Latency between external surrogates was &lt; 100 ms for phantom and patient data. Negligible differences were observed between MIP, end-exhale, and end-inhale phase images for all cases, with delineated RPM and bellows lung volumes demonstrating a mean difference of -0.3 ± 0.51%. Dice similarity coefficients and overlap indices were near unity for phantom target volumes and patient lung volumes. Slight differences were observed in waveform and latency analysis between Philips bellows and Varian's RPM, although these did not translate to differences in image quality or impact delineations. Therefore, the two systems were found to be equivalent external surrogates in the context of 4D CT for treatment planning purposes.
Emerging Dissipative Phases in a Superradiant Quantum Gas with Tunable Decay (2021)

By coupling a quantum gas to a lossy optical cavity and driving it with lasers, an out-of-equilibrium phase of matter emerges that sheds light on how macroscopic properties connect to microscopic processes in driven, dissipative matter.
Constraint in Knee Replacement (1979)

This brief review of the design considerations and early clinical results of semistabilised prostheses is an attempt to summarise the present ‘state of the art’. This generation of implants combine the qualities of the physiological arc of movement and permit varying degrees of axial rotation (except for the G.S.B. prosthesis). At the same time they provide inherent stability. In all cases, insertion demands the removal of the cruciate ligaments. Dependence on the collateral ligaments is not essential but most designers agree that utilization of these ligaments under adequate tension minimises the stress on the prosthesis and diminishes the risk of loosening.
Supplementary Table S2 from A Systematic Approach to Defining the microRNA Landscape in Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Gene list.&lt;/p&gt;
The notched probabilistic data association filter (2016)

A new approximation of the Bayes posterior target process for the tracking of a known number of targets is presented. The new method approximates the multi-target probability density function (pdf) of the Bayes posterior process as the product of single target pdfs where, each individual single target pdf is calculated conditioned on the best estimate of the states of other existing targets. The exact pdf of an individual target conditioned on the states of other existing targets is derived for the two and three interacting target cases. For problems that involve more than three interacting targets, an approximation for the conditional target pdf is derived. In a numerical study, the new approximation is compared to the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF). In comparison to the standard JPDAF, the proposed method exhibits lesser bias, lesser tracking error and is especially better in handling the separation of targets.
Unmasking the immune microecology of ductal carcinoma in situ with deep learning (2021)

Despite increasing evidence supporting the clinical relevance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive breast cancer, TIL spatial variability within ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples and its association with progression are not well understood. To characterise tissue spatial architecture and the microenvironment of DCIS, we designed and validated a new deep learning pipeline, UNMaSk. Following automated detection of individual DCIS ducts using a new method IM-Net, we applied spatial tessellation to create virtual boundaries for each duct. To study local TIL infiltration for each duct, DRDIN was developed for mapping the distribution of TILs. In a dataset comprising grade 2-3 pure DCIS and DCIS adjacent to invasive cancer (adjacent DCIS), we found that pure DCIS cases had more TILs compared to adjacent DCIS. However, the colocalisation of TILs with DCIS ducts was significantly lower in pure DCIS compared to adjacent DCIS, which may suggest a more inflamed tissue ecology local to DCIS ducts in adjacent DCIS cases. Our study demonstrates that technological developments in deep convolutional neural networks and digital pathology can enable an automated morphological and microenvironmental analysis of DCIS, providing a new way to study differential immune ecology for individual ducts and identify new markers of progression.
Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wild (2019)

We present the first method to capture the 3D total motion of a target person from a monocular view input. Given an image or a monocular video, our method reconstructs the motion from body, face, and fingers represented by a 3D deformable mesh model. We use an efficient representation called 3D Part Orientation Fields (POFs), to encode the 3D orientations of all body parts in the common 2D image space. POFs are predicted by a Fully Convolutional Network, along with the joint confidence maps. To train our network, we collect a new 3D human motion dataset capturing diverse total body motion of 40 subjects in a multiview system. We leverage a 3D deformable human model to reconstruct total body pose from the CNN outputs with the aid of the pose and shape prior in the model. We also present a texture-based tracking method to obtain temporally coherent motion capture output. We perform thorough quantitative evaluations including comparison with the existing body-specific and hand-specific methods, and performance analysis on camera viewpoint and human pose changes. Finally, we demonstrate the results of our total body motion capture on various challenging in-the-wild videos.
The Challenge of the Future to an Occupational Therapist (1984)

No abstract available for this article.
Exchange Nailing for Aseptic Nonunion of the Femoral Shaft after Intramedullary Nailing (2020)

Purpose: Although exchange nailing is a standard method of treating femoral shaft nonunion, various rates of healing, ranging from 72% to 100%, have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of exchange nailing in femoral shaft nonunion. methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 cases of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing. The mean postsurgical period of nonunion was 66.8 weeks. A nail at least 2 mm larger in diameter was selected to replace the previous nail after reaming. Distal fixation was performed using at least two interlocking screws. The success of the procedure was determined by the finding of union on simple radiographs. Possible reasons for failure were analyzed, including the location of nonunion, the type of nonunion, and the number of screws used for distal fixation. results: Of the 30 cases, 27 achieved primary healing with the technique of exchange nailing. The average time to achieve union was 23.1 weeks (range, 13.7-36.9 weeks). The three failures involved nonunion at the isthmic level (three of 15 cases), not at the infraisthmic level (zero of 15 cases). Of eight cases of oligotrophic nonunion, two (25%) failed to heal, and of 22 cases of hypertrophic nonunion, one (4.5%) failed to heal. Of 11 cases involving two screws at the distal fixation, two (18.2%) failed to heal, and of 19 cases involving three or more screws, one (5.3%) failed to heal. None of these findings was statistically significant. Conclusions: Exchange nailing may enable successful healing in cases of aseptic nonunion of the femoral shaft. Although nonunion at the isthmic level, oligotrophic nonunion, and weaker distal fixation seemed to be associated with a higher chance of failure, further study is needed to confirm those findings.
December consultation #3 (2018)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 44(12):p 1529-1530, December 2018. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.10.006
Femtosecond supercontinuum generation around 1560  nm in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers filled with carbon tetrachloride (2020)

We investigated experimentally supercontinuum generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with cores infiltrated with carbon tetrachloride. As a pump source, we used a standard fiber-based femtosecond laser with a central wavelength at 1560 nm and a pulse duration of 90 fs. The first investigated fiber has a zero-dispersion wavelength at 1740 nm and generates a supercontinuum in the wavelength range from 1350 to 1900 nm. The second fiber has a zero-dispersion wavelength at 1440 nm, and the observed supercontinuum spectrum ranges from 1000 to 1900 nm. We numerically analyzed coherence of simulated supercontinuum pulses and noted that the observed supercontinuum spectra had a potential for high coherence. While the dynamics of supercontinuum generation in each of the investigated cases was revealed to be in agreement with the established state of the art in nonlinear fiber optics, our results are the first demonstration of such dynamics, to the best of our knowledge, leading up to octave spanning supercontinuum spectra in liquid-filled hollow-core silica fibers under pumping with a small-footprint femtosecond laser.
On the Impact of a Single Edge on the Network Coding Capacity (2016)

In this paper, we study the effect of a single link on the capacity of a network of error-free bit pipes. More precisely, we study the change in network capacity that results when we remove a single link of capacity $δ$. In a recent result, we proved that if all the sources are directly available to a single super-source node, then removing a link of capacity $δ$ cannot change the capacity region of the network by more than $δ$ in each dimension. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of multi-source, multi-sink networks for some special network topologies.
Immunostimulation of larvae and juveniles of cod, Gadus morhua L. (2006)

Cod larval culture is currently hampered by high mortalities in the first 2-3 weeks after hatching, often due to infectious diseases. The immune system of cod is not fully competent until 2-3 months after hatching. Conventional vaccination is, therefore, not of value before this time, and the larvae are wholly reliant on non-specific parameters for their defence against infection. A range of substances, generally derived from bacterial, fungal or plant origin, can activate these non-specific parameters. During three hatching seasons, 2001-2003, at the Marine Institute's Experimental Station, Stadur, Grindavik, Iceland, the effects of several immunostimulants on survival and disease resistance of cod larvae and juveniles were examined. Both bathing treatments and administration in the feed were used. One of these substances, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), isolated from the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida (ssp. salmonicida or achromogenes), appeared in some instances to improve survival and have a beneficial effect on disease resistance. Other substances tested had limited effects. The results emphasize the need for further work in this field.
Zur Phylogenie des Hämoglobinmoleküls. Untersuchungen am Hämoglobin des Flußneunauges(Lampetra fluviatilis) (1966)

Article Zur Phylogenie des Hämoglobinmoleküls. Untersuchungen am Hämoglobin des Flußneunauges (Lampetra fluviatilis) was published on January 1, 1966 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 344, issue Jahresband).