gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Water Oxidation and Stereoselective Oxygen Atom Transfer Mediated by a Copper Complex (2018)

Water oxidation by copper-based complexes to form dioxygen has attracted attention in recent years, with the aim of developing efficient and cheap catalysts for chemical energy storage. In addition, high-valent metal-oxo species produced by the oxidation of metal complexes in the presence of water can be used to achieve substrate oxygenation with the use of H<sub>2</sub> O as an oxygen source. To date, this strategy has not been reported for copper complexes. Herein, a copper(II) complex, [(RPY2)Cu(OTf)<sub>2</sub> ] (RPY2=N-substituted bis[2-pyridyl(ethylamine)] ligands; R=indane; OTf=triflate), is used. This complex, which contains an oxidizable substrate moiety (indane), is used as a tool to monitor an intramolecular oxygen atom transfer reaction. Electrochemical properties were investigated and, upon electrolysis at 1.30 V versus a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), both dioxygen production and oxygenation of the indane moiety were observed. The ligand was oxidized in a highly diastereoselective manner, which indicated that the observed reactivity was mediated by metal-centered reactive species. The pH dependence of the reactivity was monitored and correlated with speciation deduced from different techniques, ranging from potentiometric titrations to spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations. Water oxidation for dioxygen production occurs at neutral pH and is probably mediated by the oxidation of a mononuclear copper(II) precursor. It is achieved with a rather low overpotential (280 mV at pH 7), although with limited efficiency. On the other hand, oxygenation is maximum at pH 8-8.5 and is probably mediated by the electrochemical oxidation of an antiferromagnetically coupled dinuclear bis(μ-hydroxo) copper(II) precursor. This constitutes the first example of copper-centered oxidative water activation for a selective oxygenation reaction.
Refining Energy Levels in ReS2 Nanosheets by Low‐Valent Transition‐Metal Doping for Dual‐Boosted Electrochemical Ammonia/Hydrogen Production (2020)

Abstract Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are intriguing approaches to nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production under ambient conditions, given the need to discover efficient and stable catalysts to light up the “green chemistry” future. However, bottlenecks are often found during N 2 /H 2 O activation, the very first step of NRR/HER, due to energetic electron injection from the surface of electrocatalysts. It is reported that the bottlenecks for both NRR and HER can be tackled by engineering the energy level via low‐valent transition‐metal doping, simultaneously, where rhenium disulfide (ReS 2 ) is employed as a model platform to prove the concept. The doped low‐valent transition‐metal domains (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in ReS 2 provide more active sites for N 2 /H 2 O chemisorption and electron transfer, not only weakening the NN/OH bonds for easier dissociation through proton coupling, but also elevating d ‐band center toward the Fermi level with more electron energy for N 2 /H 2 O reduction. As a result, it is found that iron‐doped ReS 2 nanosheets wrapped nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofiber (Fe‐ReS 2 @N‐CNF) catalyst exhibits superior electrochemical activity with eightfold higher ammonia production yield of 80.4 µg h −1 mg −1 cat. , and lower onset overpotential of 146 mV and Tafel slope of 63 mV dec −1 , when comparing with the pristine ReS 2 .
Serum lipids as biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring of latent tuberculosis infection (2013)

To the Editor: 

The World Health Organization has estimated that more than two billion persons in the world carry latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The diagnosis and treatment of LTBI could have an important impact in preventing the development of active tuberculosis (TB), a disease that causes 1.4 million deaths annually [1]. The current standard treatment of LTBI is nine months of isoniazid (INH) [2]. To improve adherence, a shorter regimen of 4 months rifampicin (RIF) is being evaluated in a multicentre randomised trial (CIHR MCT-94831, registered at www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN05675547). This ongoing trial offers an opportunity to study potential biomarkers as surrogates of successful prevention of active disease [3].

Several changes in lipid metabolism could potentially be utilised as biomarkers of effectiveness of LTBI treatment with RIF or INH. RIF is an important stimulator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which has been hypothesised to increase the blood levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and its protein component apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA) [4, 5]. This hypothesis was supported by observational studies that demonstrated an increased plasma level of HDLC among epileptic patients who were taking anticonvulsant medications which activate the PXR [6]. By contrast, treatment with INH was associated with lower cholesterol blood levels in one small study [7]. ApoA and apolipoprotein B (apoB), a protein component of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), have stable serum blood levels without post-prandial changes and low within-individual variability [8]. Total cholesterol and HDLC are inexpensive to measure, reliably …
Reactions of 2-Picoline 1-Oxide with Reactive Halides1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2-Picoline 1-Oxide with Reactive Halides1John F. VozzaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3856–3860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines (1992)

From the component design, to the subsystem design, to the engine systems design, engine development and flight-vehicle application, this how-to text bridges the gap between basic physical and design principles and actual rocket-engine design as it's done in industry. More than 470 illustrations and tables should make this book a must-read for advanced students and engineers active in all phases of engine systems design, development and application in industry and in government agencies.
Study on Dielectric Function Models for Surface Plasmon Resonance Structure (2014)

The most common permittivity function models are compared and identifying the best model for further studies is desired. For this study, simulations using several different models and an analytical analysis on a practical surface Plasmon structure were done with an accuracy of ∼ 94.4% with respect to experimental data. Finite element method, combined with dielectric properties extracted from the Brendel-Bormann function model, was utilized, the latter being chosen from a comparative study on four available models.
The dermatoglyphic pattern of the Kabuki make‐up syndrome (1982)

Dermatoglyphic analyses of 12 patients with the newly recognized Kabuki make-up syndrome revealed a combination of unusual dermatoglyphic patterns. They included frequent fingertip ulnar loop patterns (72%), the absence of digital triradius c or d (25%), an interdigital triradius bc or cd (33%), hypothenar loop patterns (67%), and ulnar loop patterns in the fourth interdigital area (17%). Other unusual findings included persistence of fingertip pads (58%), a single flexion crease of the fourth or fifth finger (25%), and an excess of minor flexion creases of the palm (92%).
Securing Named Data Networking routing using Decentralized Identifiers (2021)

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a realization of the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm, where routing is based on content identifiers rather than on network location identifiers. The routing state in NDN can grow exponentially, not only due to the huge number of content identifiers (as opposed to network addresses) but also because it is difficult to detect "fake" routing advertisements. For example, in contrast to IP-based routing, a potentially valid routing entry in NDN can be advertised from multiple network locations, making NDN susceptible to Denial-of-Service attacks at the routing layer. In this paper, we leverage Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) to build self-verifiable "content advertisements." With our solution, any router can verify that a content advertisement originates from an "authorized" entity, without requiring any trusted third party. We implement our solution and we evaluate it in a scenario where filtering is implemented by the edge routers. We show that our solution reduces fake routing advertisements with minimal computational overhead.
An Energy-Efficient Network-on-Chip Design using Reinforcement Learning (2019)

The design space for energy-efficient Network-on-Chips (NoCs) has expanded significantly comprising a number of techniques. The simultaneous application of these techniques to yield maximum energy efficiency requires the monitoring of a large number of system parameters which often results in substantial engineering efforts and complicated control policies. This motivates us to explore the use of reinforcement learning (RL) approach that automatically learns an optimal control policy to improve NoC energy efficiency. First, we deploy power-gating (PG) and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to simultaneously reduce both static and dynamic power. Second, we use RL to automatically explore the dynamic interactions among PG, DVFS, and system parameters, learn the critical system parameters contained in the router and cache, and eventually evolve optimal per-router control policies that significantly improve energy efficiency. Moreover, we introduce an artificial neural network (ANN) to efficiently implement the large state-action table required by RL. Simulation results using PARSEC benchmark show that the proposed RL approach improves power consumption by 26%, while improving system performance by 7%, as compared to a combined PG and DVFS design without RL. Additionally, the ANN design yields 67% area reduction, as compared to a conventional RL implementation.
Hydrolysis of enaminoamides in an alkaline medium (1988)

The additional application of early NMES promoted better functional status outcomes on the first day awake and at ICU and hospital discharge. The patients in the EM+NMES group also took fewer days to stand up and had shorter hospital LOS, lower frequency of ICU-acquired weakness, and better muscle strength. Future studies are still necessary to clarify the effects of therapies associated with EM, especially to assess long-term outcomes.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids in Biomedicine (2021)

The use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biomedical applications has grown dramatically in recent years due to their unique properties and their inherent tunability. This review will introduce ionic liquids and deep eutectics and discuss their biomedical applications, namely solubilization of drugs, creation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, delivery of pharmaceuticals through biological barriers, stabilization of proteins and other nucleic acids, antibacterial agents, and development of new biosensors. Current challenges and future outlooks are discussed, including biocompatibility, the potential impact of the presence of impurities, and the importance of understanding the microscopic interactions in ionic liquids in order to design task-specific solvents.
Outcome, efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy in ischaemic stroke according to time to reperfusion: data from a multicentre registry (2019)

TTR is an independent factor related to long-term functional outcome. With increasing TTR, interventional procedures become technically less effective. Efforts should be made to shorten TTR through optimized prehospital and in-hospital pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Containing Inhibitors of Synthetases (2011)

Abstract Review: 55 refs.
Novel statistical approach for assessing the persistence of the circadian rhythms of social activity from telephone call detail records in older adults (2020)

How circadian rhythms of activity manifest themselves in social life of humans remains one of the most intriguing questions in chronobiology and a major issue for personalized medicine. Over the past years, substantial advances have been made in understanding the personal nature and the robustness-i.e. the persistence-of the circadian rhythms of social activity by the analysis of phone use. At this stage however, the consistency of such advances as their statistical validity remains unclear. The present paper has been specifically designed to address this issue. To this end, we propose a novel statistical procedure for the measurement of the circadian rhythms of social activity which is particularly well-suited for the existing framework of persistence analysis. Furthermore, we illustrate how this procedure works concretely by assessing the persistence of the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity from a 12-month call detail records (CDRs) dataset of adults over than 65 years. The results show the ability of our approach for assessing persistence with a statistical significance. In the field of CDRs analysis, this novel statistical approach can be used for completing the existing methods used to analyze the persistence of the circadian rhythms of a social nature. More importantly, it provides an opportunity to open up the analysis of CDRs for various domains of application in personalized medicine requiring access to statistical significance such as health care monitoring.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxy(vinyl)ketene Intermediates in the Thermolysis of Methylthio‐ and Methoxy‐Substituted Meldrum′s Acid Derivatives (I). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Maintenance Optimisation of Optronic Equipment (2013)

As part of optimizing the reliability, Thales Optronics now includes systems that examine the state of its equipment. This function is performed by HUMS (Health & Usage Monitoring System). The aim is to implement in the HUMS a program based on observations that can determine the state of the system and propose a maintenance action before failures. So we decompose our problem into two steps: the first step is to detect the degraded state (which announces future failure) using an informative variable and hidden Markov chains. This step was developped in Baysse et al. (2012). The second is to propose an optimal and dynamic maintenance policy, adapted to the state of the system and taking into account both random failures and those related to the degradation phenomenon. We want to estimate the best time to perform maintenance: a maintenance performed too early may be unnecessarily costly and inconvenient for the client but too late may cause the occurrence of a failure that will damage the rest of the equipment and may be responsible for the failure of a mission. So it is necessary to find a balance between these two extreme maintenance policies. First, we model the state of the system by a piecewise-deterministic Markov process: PDMP introduced by Davis (1993). Often the evolution of the system is modeled by stochastic processes such as Markov jump process, semi-Markov process (Cocozza et al. (1997)). There are also tools for modeling such as Stochastic Petri networks (Marsan et al. 1995), dynamic Bayesian networks (Donat et al. 2010). However, the flexibility of modeling by PDMP allows to take into account the dynamic component degradation. The works of Lair et al. (2012) focuses on this topic, they use a finite volume scheme to evaluate the quantities of interest associated with PDMP. Even if there are different methods that optimize maintenance policy, few use optimal stopping. In this paper, we use this method whose principle is to maximize a performance function that takes into account operating time, maintenance costs, repairs and downtime. We use the numerical probability tools developed in de Saporta et al. (2012) in order to compute this conditioned-based time of maintenance. The integration of this method in the HUMS, will be soon implemented in specific optronic equipment by Thales. We present results of simulation in this case. The methodology can be extended to more complicated cases.
Intracellular Ca2+ stores and extracellular Ca2+ are required in the real-time Ca2+ response of bone cells experiencing fluid flow (1996)

In this study, we sought to determine if there is a requirement for calcium entry from the extracellular space as well as calcium from intracellular stores to produce real-time intracellular calcium responses in cultured bone cells subjected to fluid flow. Understanding calcium cell signaling may help to elucidate the biophysical transduction mechanism(s) mediating the conversion of fluid flow to a cellular signal. An experimental design which utilized a scheme of pharmacological blockers was employed to distinguish between the biochemical pathways involved in this cell signaling. A parallel-plate flow chamber served as the cell stimulating apparatus and a fluorescence microscopy system using the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2 measured the intracellular calcium changes. In the present study, evidence for a role by the inositol-phospholipid biochemical pathway, specifically inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was obtained using neomycin which completely inhibited the calcium response to flow. Additionally, a concomitant role of extracellular calcium was demonstrated through experiments performed in calcium-free medium which also eliminated the flow response. Experiments conducted with gadolinium, a stretch-activated channel blocker, partially inhibited (approximately 30%) the flow response while verapamil, a type-L voltage sensitive channel blocker, had no effect on the flow response. These results suggest a requirement of extracellular calcium (or calcium influx) as well as IP3-induced calcium release from intracellular stores for generating the intracellular calcium response to flow in bone cells.
Per Garment Capture and Synthesis for Real-time Virtual Try-on (2021)

Virtual try-on is a promising application of computer graphics and human computer interaction that can have a profound real-world impact especially during this pandemic. Existing image-based works try to synthesize a try-on image from a single image of a target garment, but it inherently limits the ability to react to possible interactions. It is difficult to reproduce the change of wrinkles caused by pose and body size change, as well as pulling and stretching of the garment by hand. In this paper, we propose an alternative per garment capture and synthesis workflow to handle such rich interactions by training the model with many systematically captured images. Our workflow is composed of two parts: garment capturing and clothed person image synthesis. We designed an actuated mannequin and an efficient capturing process that collects the detailed deformations of the target garments under diverse body sizes and poses. Furthermore, we proposed to use a custom-designed measurement garment, and we captured paired images of the measurement garment and the target garments. We then learn a mapping between the measurement garment and the target garments using deep image-to-image translation. The customer can then try on the target garments interactively during online shopping. The proposed workflow requires certain manual labor, but we believe that the cost is acceptable given that the retailers are already paying significant costs for hiring professional photographers and models, stylists, and editors to take photographs for promotion. Our method can remove the need of hiring these costly professionals. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed system with ablation studies and quality comparison with previous virtual try-on methods. We perform a user study to show our promising virtual try-on performances. Moreover, we also demonstrate that we use our method for changing virtual costumes in video conferences. Finally, we provide the collected dataset as the cloth dataset parameterized by various viewing angles, body poses, and sizes.
Speech Enhancement Algorithm to Reduce the Effect of Background Noise in Mobile Phones (2013)

In mobile phones, perceived quality of speech signal deteriorates significantly in the presence of background noise since near-end/surrounding noise also arrives at the near-end listener's ears. The quality of the received signal varies widely depending upon signal strength and unavoidable background noise in the user environment. There is a need to improve the quality of received speech signal in noisy conditions by developing the speech enhancement algorithms. This paper focuses on the impact of the various background noises on signal degradation and mechanisms to mitigate the noise impact for improved speech signal perception. Gain adjustment process with simple time domain and frequency domain approach using psychoacoustic has been adapted to improve the quality and intelligibility of the speech signal in the noisy environments by automatically enhancing the speech signals when the noise dominates. Time domain approach is less complex and frequency domain using psychoacoustic is more efficient in overcoming the degradation of speech signals in presence of near-end or background noise.
Physical Basis of Large Microtubule Aster Growth (2016)

Abstract Microtubule asters - radial arrays of microtubules organized by centrosomes - play a fundamental role in the spatial coordination of animal cells. The standard model of aster growth assumes a fixed number of microtubules originating from the centrosomes. However, aster morphology in this model does not scale with cell size, and we recently found evidence for non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Here, we combine autocatalytic nucleation and polymerization dynamics to develop a biophysical model of aster growth. Our model predicts that asters expand as traveling waves and recapitulates all major aspects of aster growth. As the nucleation rate increases, the model predicts an explosive transition from stationary to growing asters with a discontinuous jump of the growth velocity to a nonzero value. Experiments in frog egg extract confirm the main theoretical predictions. Our results suggest that asters observed in large frog and amphibian eggs are a meshwork of short, unstable microtubules maintained by autocatalytic nucleation and provide a paradigm for the assembly of robust and evolvable polymer networks.