gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Cyberinfrastructure for Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (2017)

Progress in many domains increasingly benefits from our ability to view the systems through a computational lens, i.e., using computational abstractions of the domains; and our ability to acquire, share, integrate, and analyze disparate types of data. These advances would not be possible without the advanced data and computational cyberinfrastructure and tools for data capture, integration, analysis, modeling, and simulation. However, despite, and perhaps because of, advances in "big data" technologies for data acquisition, management and analytics, the other largely manual, and labor-intensive aspects of the decision making process, e.g., formulating questions, designing studies, organizing, curating, connecting, correlating and integrating crossdomain data, drawing inferences and interpreting results, have become the rate-limiting steps to progress. Advancing the capability and capacity for evidence-based improvements in science, engineering, and public policy requires support for (1) computational abstractions of the relevant domains coupled with computational methods and tools for their analysis, synthesis, simulation, visualization, sharing, and integration; (2) cognitive tools that leverage and extend the reach of human intellect, and partner with humans on all aspects of the activity; (3) nimble and trustworthy data cyber-infrastructures that connect, manage a variety of instruments, multiple interrelated data types and associated metadata, data representations, processes, protocols and workflows; and enforce applicable security and data access and use policies; and (4) organizational and social structures and processes for collaborative and coordinated activity across disciplinary and institutional boundaries.
Dose conversion factors for marrow and bone by skeletal regions (1994)

Radiation dose estimates for the active bone marrow are of primary importance in radioimmunotherapy. The dose coefficients of MIRD 11 (S values) and ICRP 30 (values of specific effective energy, SEE) reflect unnecessary simplifying assumptions regarding anatomical and radiological parameters that may limit the ability of these coefficients to predict clinical symptoms associated with irradiation of the marrow at the multi-gray level. The results of new calculations of electron transport in the skeleton, based on the microstructure have been applied to the skeletal regions of the Cristy-Eckerman phantom series to produce dose coefficients (absorbed dose per disintegration) for active marrow and bone surface cells as targets from electron sources in the marrow, on the surfaces of bone, or in bone volume. The coefficients are determined for fifteen skeletal regions, thus allowing estimation of the absorbed dose to these different skeletal regions. The development of these new coefficients will be described, and the coefficients will be compared with similar coefficients from the MIRD and ICRP dosimetry systems. For I-131, the region-specific dose coefficients for marrow irradiating marrow in the adult range from 2.1 x 10{sup -5} mGy/MBq-s (pelvis) to 5.6 x 10{sup -4} mGy/MBq-s (clavicles). A weighted average coefficient for themore » whole skeleton (marrow irradiating marrow, I-131) is 9.5 x 10{sup -6} mGy/MBq-s, in comparison with 1.7 x 10{sup -5} mGy/MBq-s from MIRD-11 and 2.9 x 10{sup -5} mGy/MBq-s from ICRP-30. Weighted average coefficients for newborns through 15-year-olds (marrow irradiating marrow, I-131) vary from 3.2 x 10{sup -4} to 1.05 x 10{sup -5} mGy/MBq-s. Sample dose estimates for several nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals, with an emphasis on radioimmunotherapy, will be presented.« less
Approaches and Techniques (2006)

In this chapter we offer a number of tried and tested tools and techniques. No one of them will guarantee success but used with skill they will help you to become a more effective influencer.
Zones of Sparingly Soluble Inorganic Salts with Membrane Properties in Gels (1988)

Abstract Polyacrylamide gels containing potassium oxalate (sodium oxalate) are brought into contact with aqueous solutions of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , CaCl 2 , SrCl 2 and BaCl 2 respectively. The electrolyte concentrations in the gel phase and in the solutions are varied systematically. There exists a system specific characteristic concentration c̃ s below which advancing precipitation zones of PbOx, CaOx, SrOx, and BaOx (Ox: oxalate) within the gel are observed. Above c̃ s the precipitation zones do not grow after advancing for about 2 mm maximally. Such precipitation zones have membrane properties (e. g. Impermeability to ions forming the precipitate, osmotic property). c̃ s corresponds to a supersaturation ratio of the order 10 3 . The experiments indicate that the precipitation zones with membrane properties are generated by homogeneous nucleation. – The kinetics of formation of oxalate precipitates in cellophane skins is studied by measurements of the membrane potential as function of time. In these systems precipitate is formed by interdiffusion of two solutions containing the appropriate ions. A system specific delay time Δ t del is observed after which the precipitation zones acquire membrane properties. It is found that this time is related to the rate of formation of precipitate which is a function of the solubility product and the square of electrolyte concentration. The precipitation zone acquires membrane properties as soon as the local concentration of precipitate has reached a value of the order 10 −3 mol cm −3 . The existence of the characteristic concentration c̃ s and of the delay time Δ t del are interpreted in terms of an absorption charge model proposed by Hirsch‐Ayalon.
Sexual Functioning in Obese Adults Enrolling in a Weight Loss Study (2011)

The authors assessed sexual functioning among treatment-seeking obese men (n = 91) and women (n = 134) using the comprehensive validated Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Scores were lower for women than for men, indicating reduced sexual functioning. Men's scores fell between those of a group of cancer survivors and a general population group, whereas women generally had lower scores than both of these groups. Increasing body mass index was associated with decreasing sexual functioning only for arousal and behavior. Sexual functioning was also reduced on most subscales for individuals who reported sexual inactivity in the past month.
A 5-Gb/s Serial-Link Redriver With Adaptive Equalizer and Transmitter Swing Enhancement (2014)

A single-lane, dual-channel, 5-Gb/s serial link redriver with no clock data recovery (CDR) or phase-locked loop (PLL) has been developed by using a standard 0.13- μm CMOS technology. New features and techniques have been developed in both the architecture and the analog modules to meet the jitter and protocol requirements for a redriver for multi-Gb/s operation, which is made difficult by the lack of CDR and a PLL. These techniques include: 1) adaptive receiver equalization; 2) enhanced transmitter output swing and programmable de-emphasis/swing settings; 3) a robust state flow control combined with various signal detectors to provide automatic state and mode switching without affecting operations of upstream and downstream ports. The redriver chip consumes 165 mA in 5 Gb/s bidirectional full-duplex operation from a single 3.3 V power supply.
<title>Ultratrace analysis of biological substances by capillary electrophoresis/semiconductor laser fluorometry</title> (1993)

In order to simplify a laser fluorometric detector for capillary electrophoresis a semiconductor laser emitting at 660 nm is used as an exciting source. A labeling reagent fluorescent in the deep-red region is newly synthesized and used for determination of amino acids. The separation resolution is several hundred thousand and the detection limit is subattomole levels. Protein is also labeled by the dye developed and is measured at subfemtomole levels. Contrarily, nonfluorescent samples are detected by indirect fluorometry. Amino acids, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) are determined, the detection limit being subpicomole levels.
Host Response to Biomaterials (2011)

Host response to biomaterials , Host response to biomaterials , کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان
Improving Efficiency of Terahertz Photoconductive Antenna Using Dielectric Nano-Layer Encapsulation (2018)

Due to the low optical-to-THz conversion efficiencies, applications of photoconductive antennas are limited in current scenario. In this paper, we report up to an order of enhancement in THz emission efficiency from conventional PCAs by coating a nano-layer of dielectric (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) on the active area between the electrodes of a Semi-Insulating GaAs (SI-GaAs) based device. Effect of different thicknesses of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer on THz power enhancement with different applied optical power and bias voltages were studied. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> (RF and semi-conductor modules) were performed to validate the enhancement in the efficiency of the PCA due to TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer coating.
Implementación del Proceso de Mercerización de Hilo de Algodón (2019)

La empresa Algodon textil produce hilo de algodon como uno de sus productos principales, de igual manera cuenta con un area de acabado, donde se llevan a cabo procesos de lavado y tenido de tejido. Por las razones anteriores se decidio realizar la mercerizacion de hilo de algodon, para poder implementar este tratamiento en el proceso de acabado de hilo ya que los costos del proceso son bajos y el producto no requiere de una alta inversion de tiempo para realizarse, por lo que es un proyecto factible que posee un mercado objetivo diverso y que no presenta mucho riesgo. El proceso de mercerizacion se realizo a nivel de laboratorio y a nivel industrial. Los parametros que se tomaron en cuenta para realizar el proceso de mercerizacion tanto a nivel industrial como a nivel de laboratorio fue la tension, la temperatura del alcali, el pH final del hilo mercerizado, el tiempo de inmersion en el alcali y el tiempo de lavado. A nivel de laboratorio para realizar el proceso de mercerizacion se realizaron tres diferentes pruebas variando la concentracion del alcali (20%,23%,25%). Para determinar la calidad del hilo mercerizado obtenido a nivel industrial y a nivel de laboratorio se identifico el grado de mercerizacion, se realizo una prueba de resistencia y un analisis de brillo de la fibra del hilo. Se logro determinar por medio de estas tres pruebas que la concentracion ideal para realizar el proceso de mercerizacion a una temperatura de 23°C es con la solucion de hidroxido de sodio de 25%. A nivel industrial el grado de mercerizacion del hilo fue de 161.70 y obtuvo una resistencia de 8.4N y una diferencia de 1.9N con el hilo no mercerizado.
Modeling and Hazard Analysis Using Stpa (2010)

A joint research project between MIT and JAXA/JAMSS is investigating the application of a new hazard analysis to the system and software in the HTV. Traditional hazard analysis focuses on component failures but software does not fail in this way. Software most often contributes to accidents by commanding the spacecraft into an unsafe state (e.g., turning off the descent engines prematurely) or by not issuing required commands. That makes the standard hazard analysis techniques of limited usefulness on software-intensive systems, which describes most spacecraft built today.
Hybrid cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists: new implications in the design and modification of CCK antagonists (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHybrid cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists: new implications in the design and modification of CCK antagonistsJames F. Kerwin Jr., Alex M. Nadzan, Hana Kopecka, Chun Wel Lin, Thomas Miller, David Witte, and Stanley BurtCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 4, 739–742Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00124a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (399 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Consistent Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Long-Lived Intermediate Radicals in Living Free Radical Polymerization (2004)

The cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB)-mediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene at 30 degrees C is studied via both kinetic experiments and high-level ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The kinetic data clearly indicate the delayed onset of steady-state behavior. Such an observation is consistent with the slow fragmentation model for the RAFT process, but cannot be reconciled with the cross-termination model. The comprehensive failure of the cross-termination model is quantitatively demonstrated in a detailed kinetic analysis, in which the independent influences of the pre-equilibria and main equilibria and the possible chain length dependence of cross-termination are fully taken into account. In contrast, the slow fragmentation model can describe the data, provided the main equilibrium has a large fragmentation constant of at least 8.9 x 10(6) L mol(-1). Such a high equilibrium constant (for both equilibria) is consistent with high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations (K = 7.3 x 10(6) L mol(-1)) and thus appears to be physically realistic. Given that the addition rate coefficient for macroradicals to (polymeric) RAFT agent is 4 x 10(6) L mol(-1) s(-1), this implies that the lifetime of the RAFT adduct radicals is close to 2.5 s. Since the radical is also kinetically stable to termination, it can thus function as a radical sink in its own right.
Intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements for the evaluation and treatment of coronary artery disease (1995)

The functional significance of coronary artery disease is often inadequately revealed by the solely anatomic information provided by coronary angiography, especially with respect to intermediate-severity stenoses and the complex lesions that result from percutaneous coronary intervention. The clinical application of coronary flow velocity measurements using the Doppler flow wire during cardiac catheterization represents a promising means for providing immediate physiologic assessment of coronary artery lesion significance. Recent correlations with translesional hemodynamics and noninvasive perfusion imaging have confirmed the accuracy and reliability of Doppler translesional flow velocity assessment. The use of intracoronary flow velocity data for functional assessment can refine the selection of patients for revascularization. Furthermore, measurements of translesional and distal coronary flow velocity dynamics during procedures provide immediate data regarding the physiologic adequacy of the intervention. The information provided by the analysis of coronary blood flow using the Doppler guide wire can serve to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of interventional cardiology.
Experiments on the Indonesian plagiarism detection using latent semantic analysis (2014)

Plagiarism is an important task since its number is increasing and the plagiarism technique is getting difficult. It means that there is not only literal plagiarism but also intelligence plagiarism. In order to handle the intelligence plagiarism, we employed latent semantic analysis (LSA) as the term-document representation. The LSA was used in the Heuristic Retrieval (HR) component and Detailed Analysis (DA) component. We conducted several experiments to compare the token type, the text segmentation and the threshold value. The test data were prepared manually from the available Indonesian paper corpus. Experimental results showed that the LSA outperformed the VSM (Vector Space Model), especially in test cases with intelligence plagiarism.
Kompaktne vaakummonokromaator TMC-4 (2014)

Compact Vacuum Monochromator TMC-4 Valdur Tiit At the end of the Soviet times, one of the strongest centres for developing and producing spectroscopic devices in the Soviet Union was located in Tartu. A vacuum monochromator developed by the physicists and engineers of Tartu was given to the University museum in the summer of 2014 by the University of Tartu Institute of Physics Gas Discharge Laboratory. Constructing a short wavelength ultraviolet radiation vacuum monochromator was connected to producing radiation sensors that were, among other things, needed in space instruments. There were only a couple of such instruments in the Soviet Union and Estonian engineers constructed such a device themselves in 1964. The world’s first vacuum monochromator TVM-3 with double reflection diffraction gratings was constructed in Tartu in 1967. During the following years, many more similar instruments were constructed and one of the versions was also patented in the USA and France. Using modern diffraction gratings with variable spacing constructed in the Optical Institute of USSR in Leningrad, small very compact vacuum monochromators TMC-03 (for the Moscow State University) and TMC-04 (remained in Tartu and is in the museum now) were constructed in Tartu in 1989–1990. They mainly function in the spectral range of 100–250 nm, where the resolving power is about 0.05 nm, the source of radiation is a high voltage gas-discharge tube working either on helium or hydrogen. The vacuum monochromator TMC-04 was used in the University of Tartu Institute of Physics for the first time in the world for researching the influence of high and extra high pressure on the optical spectrum of crystals. After the Department of Equipment Development (APES) was closed down in the spring of 1993, the vacuum monochromator TMC-04 was used at the Estonian University of Life Sciences environmental equipment laboratory for studying the transparency of the windows of ionization chambers.
Adaptive Response and Tolerance to Weak Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : A Genome-Wide View (2010)

Weak acids are widely used as food preservatives (e.g., acetic, propionic, benzoic, and sorbic acids), herbicides (e.g., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and as antimalarial (e.g., artesunic and artemisinic acids), anticancer (e.g., artesunic acid), and immunosuppressive (e.g., mycophenolic acid) drugs, among other possible applications. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the adaptive response and resistance to these weak acids is a prerequisite to develop more effective strategies to control spoilage yeasts, and the emergence of resistant weeds, drug resistant parasites or cancer cells. Furthermore, the identification of toxicity mechanisms and resistance determinants to weak acid-based pharmaceuticals increases current knowledge on their cytotoxic effects and may lead to the identification of new drug targets. This review integrates current knowledge on the mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance to weak acid stress obtained in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae using genome-wide approaches and more detailed gene-by-gene analysis. The major features of the yeast response to weak acids in general, and the more specific responses and resistance mechanisms towards a specific weak acid or a group of weak acids, depending on the chemical nature of the side chain R group (R-COOH), are highlighted. The involvement of several transcriptional regulatory networks in the genomic response to different weak acids is discussed, focusing on the regulatory pathways controlled by the transcription factors Msn2p/Msn4p, War1p, Haa1p, Rim101p, and Pdr1p/Pdr3p, which are known to orchestrate weak acid stress response in yeast. The extrapolation of the knowledge gathered in yeast to other eukaryotes is also attempted.
Epidermotropic B-Cell Lymphoma (2015)

Epidermotropic B-cell lymphoma represents a subset of marginal zone lymphoma characterized by a papulosquamous rash most frequently resembling pityriasis rosea, occurring almost exclusively in older males. We speculate that aberrant expression of CXCR3 in marginal zone lymphoma of the skin is associated with migration of lymphoma cells to the epidermis and could lead to an epidermotropic pattern given the known role of CXCR3 expression in neoplastic T cells in the localization of mycosis fungoides to the epidermis. There is a tendency toward bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood involvement.
Predicting an adequate ratio of Unmanned Vehicles per operator using a system with a mission definition language (2011)

The Department of Defense's future vision for Network Centric Operations (NCO) will increase combat power by networking relevant entities across the battlefield. This will result in highly complex mission scenarios in which the operator's workload will be easily overloaded if the system is not designed to support the mission requirements. New technologies for these complex command and control environments are currently being developed. Evaluating the adequacy of a particular technology for specific mission requirements is critical for military decision makers. This paper will introduce a new approach to model operator and system performance.
Electron Beam-Induced Charging and Modifications of Thin Films (2015)

A thin film irradiated by high-energy primary electrons (PE) emits secondary electrons (SE). The SE are either emitted from the sample (SEα) or travel within the sample (SEβ) [1]. Figure 1 illustrates the various types of SEs. The PEs, SEα and the SEβ affect, by modifying the film properties, the rate at which the irradiated sample area reaches a steady state. Both PE and SEβ can cause radiation damage and electron beam induced conductivity (EBIC). The discussed phenomena are relevant to sample charging, damage and to various implementations of hole-free phase plate (HFPP). The beam-induced modifications can result in a spatially-dependent surface potential σ(r), generating an electric field Eᵥ(r,z) that extends in the vacuum surrounding the sample.
A polymorphism in endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, predisposes for the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma. (2001)

We have performed association studies between a novel coding single nucleotide polymorphism (D104N) in endostatin, one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, and prostate cancer. We observed that heterozygous N104 individuals have a 2.5 times increased chance of developing prostate cancer as compared with homozygous D104 subjects (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.16). Modeling of the endostatin mutant showed that the N104 protein is stable. These results together with the observation that residue 104 is evolutionary conserved lead us to propose that: (a) the DNA segment containing this residue might contain a novel interaction site to a yet unknown receptor; and (b) the presence of N104 impairs the function of endostatin.