gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
310 nm Irradiation of Atmospherically Relevant Concentrated Aqueous Nitrate Solutions: Nitrite Production and Quantum Yields (2008)

The heterogeneous processing of atmospheric aerosols by reaction with nitrogen oxides results in the formation of particulate and adsorbed nitrates. The water content of these hygroscopic nitrate aerosols and consequently the nitrate ion concentration depend on relative humidity, which can impact the physicochemical properties of these aerosols. This report focuses on the 310 nm photolysis of aqueous sodium and calcium nitrate solutions at pH 4 over a wide concentration range of nitrate ion concentrations representative of atmospheric aerosols. In particular, the quantum yield (phi) of nitrite formation was measured and found to significantly decrease at high concentrations of nitrate for Ca(NO(3))(2). In particular, phi for Ca(NO(3))(2) was found to have a maximum value of (7.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(-3) for nitrate ion solution concentrations near one molal, with the smallest quantum yield for the highest concentration solution above 14 m nitrate ion, phi = (2.3 +/- 2.0) x 10(-4). The effect of the addition of the radical scavenger, formate, on the 310 nm photolysis of these solutions was also investigated and found to increase phi by a factor of 2 or more for both sodium and calcium nitrate solutions. In the presence of formate, Ca(NO(3))(2) solutions again showed a significant decrease in phi with increasing NO(3)(-) concentration: phi = (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-2) at (1.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(-2) m NO(3)(-) compared to phi = (4.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-3) at 14.9 +/- 0.1 m NO(3)(-). This decrease in phi was not observed in NaNO(3) solutions. The change in electronic structure, as evident by the more pronounced shift of the n-pi* absorption band away from actinic wavelengths with increasing concentration for Ca(NO(3))(2) compared to NaNO(3), is most likely the origin of the greater decrease in phi for Ca(NO(3))(2) compared to NaNO(3) at elevated NO(3)(-) concentrations. The role of nitrate photochemistry in atmospheric aerosols and the atmospheric implications of these concentration dependent quantum yields are discussed.
XML retrieval (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis (2020)

Abstract Total synthesis allowed the constitution of the cytotoxic marine macrolides of the formosalide family to be confirmed and their previously unknown stereostructure to be assigned with confidence. The underlying blueprint was inherently modular to ensure that each conceivable isomer could be reached. This flexibility derived from the use of strictly catalyst controlled transformations to set the stereocenters, except for the anomeric position, which is under thermodynamic control; as an extra safety measure, all stereogenic centers were set prior to ring closure to preclude any interference of the conformation adopted by the macrolactone rings of the different diastereomers. Late‐stage macrocyclization by ring‐closing alkyne metathesis was followed by a platinum‐catalyzed transannular 6‐exo‐dig hydroalkoxylation/ketalization to craft the polycyclic frame. The side chain featuring a very labile unsaturation pattern was finally attached to the core by Stille coupling.
Patterning of Ru metal lines at 18nm pitch (2022)

In this work, we present two different approaches to pattern Ru metal lines at a metal pitch of 18 nm, by making use of self-aligned double patterning (SADP) in combination with EUV lithography. The first and more conventional patterning approach is to define the 18 nm pitch gratings into a hard mask by means of SADP, which is consequently transferred into the Ru layer by means of direct metal etch. The second and more innovative approach consists of a combination of direct metal etch and damascene filling of Ru. This so-called mixed flow is a patterning-friendly approach which enables the integration of self-aligned cuts and vias. We will share the schematics as well as the results for 18 nm pitch Ru gratings on 300 mm Si wafers for both approaches. Finally, we will discuss and demonstrate the enablement of selfaligned cuts and vias for the mixed flow, which makes this patterning flow a promising alternative to standard damascene patterning for future interconnects at sub-20 nm metal pitches.
PKD1, PKD2, and Their Substrate Kidins220 Regulate Neurotensin Secretion in the BON Human Endocrine Cell Line (2007)

Neurotensin (NT) is a gut peptide that plays an important role in gastrointestinal secretion, motility, and growth as well as the proliferation of NT receptor-positive cancers. Protein kinase D (PKD) family members (PKD1, 2, and 3) have been identified as important regulators of secretory transport at the trans-Golgi network. Previously, we showed that PKD1 contributes to stimulated NT secretion; however, the mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we show that Kidins220, which is a substrate of PKD proteins in neuroendocrine cells, is localized in the ends of the processes of BON cells, similar to the expression pattern of NT vesicles, and translocates to the membrane and large vesicle-like structures formed in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. The short hairpin RNA targeting Kidins220 inhibits NT secretion in parental BON cells or BON cells stably expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor treated with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or bombesin, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endogenous PKD1, PKD2, and Kidins220 co-exist with NT-containing vesicles. Overexpression of the kinase-dead PKD1 abrogates Kidins220 expression and NT vesicle formation. Our data establish a physiological link between the PKD/Kidins220 pathway and NT-containing vesicles and suggest the role of this pathway in the regulation of hormone secretion. Because NT is an important gut hormone that affects secretion, inflammation, and both normal and tumor cell growth, our findings identify a novel signaling pathway that may be amenable to drug targeting for clinical applications.
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the inflammatory activity of indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation in rats. (1997)

The beneficial effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary biliary cirrhosis are supposed to be mediated in part by immunological mechanisms. In this study, we have tested whether ursodeoxycholic acid also ameliorates intestinal inflammation induced by indomethacin in rats. Intestinal inflammation was induced in rats by two injections of indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg body weight) 24 h apart. To study its effects on acute inflammation, UDCA (10 mg/kg body weight) was given for three days starting with the first administration of indomethacin; for effects on chronic inflammation, UDCA was given 24 h after the first indomethacin injection for eight days. Rats were sacrificed at days 3 and 9, respectively. In acute inflammation a significant decrease of intestinal injury was observed with UDCA treatment (macroscopic score: 3.00 +/- 0.83 vs. 6.55 +/- 0.53 in controls; p < 0.01; microscopic score: 1.66 +/- 0.28 vs. 2.89 +/- 0.35 in controls; p < 0.05). In chronic inflammation the effects of UDCA treatment were less marked due to a general decline in intestinal injury. Nevertheless a significant decrease in the macroscopic injury score (3.67 +/- 0.62 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.29 in UDCA treated rats; p < 0.01) was observed. Also, there was a significant increase in body weight of UDCA treated rats after nine days compared to controls (28.8% vs. 16% increased body weight in controls; p < 0.01). Thus, ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates the severity of acute damage of small bowel and the development of chronic intestinal inflammation induced by indomethacin in rats.
Load Frequency Control of a Multi-area System Incorporating Dish-Stirling Solar Thermal System and Coyote Optimized PI minus DF Controller (2020)

This paper deals with load frequency control (LFC) of an unequal three-area thermal system integrated with dish stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) in area-1, 2 and thermal system in area-3. The DSTS system is provided with various solar insolations namely fixed and random insolation. A new secondary controller named by PI minus DF is proposed for LFC study. A new algorithm named by coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is used for controller gain optimization. Performance comparison among various controllers like PID, PIDF are compared with the proposed PI-DF controller and is found to be best over others A comparative study has been carried out with fixed and random insolation among different areas. The dynamic response comparison with DSTS and parallel AC-HVDC tie-line explores better responses over the system with thermal alone. Sensitivity analysis suggests that COA optimized PI-DF controller parameters obtained at nominal conditions is observed to be vigorous against different loading and inertia conditions.
Recent progress in silica-based planar lightwave circuits on silicon (1996)

Low-loss integrated silica waveguides on silicon allow the efficient interaction of guided-wave optical signals and are used to form a variety of planar lightwave circuits for optical branching, switching and filtering. Silica waveguides can also be used as platforms (motherboards) for hybrid optoelectronic (OE) integration. The paper reviews recent progress on silica waveguide technologies which are currently penetrating the passive component market for optical networks and providing innovative ways of packaging OE components.
Macrorheology of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease & normal sputum (2009)

The macrorheologic properties of whole, mucoid CF sputum are not different from normal, confirming the results of prior microrheologic studies. Instead, CF sputum viscoelasticity is related to secondary infection, decreases with intravenous antibiotic therapy and correlates with inflammation. In contrast, COPD sputum demonstrates inherently greater viscoelasticity, providing a novel target for potential therapeutic interventions.
Anisotropic Perfectly Matched Layers for Elastic Waves in Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates (2002)

We develop new numerical anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML) boundaries for elastic waves in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. The elasticity tensor of this absorbing boundary is chosen to be anisotropic and complex so that waves from the computational domain are attenuated in the boundary layer without reflection. The new PMLs are easy to formulate for both isotropic and anisotropic solid media. They utilize fewer unknowns in a general three-dimensional problem than the existing elastic wave PMLs using the field splitting scheme. Moreover, it can be implemented directly to the finite element method (FEM), as well as the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The high efficiency of these PMLs is illustrated by some numerical samples in FEM.
Context aware retrieval in web-based collaborations (2004)

Provisioning goal specific information to the team enhances efficiency of the team. Context awareness is very important to provide such relevant information. We propose a context aware information retrieval system that retrieves, and presents, information of high utility to a user - taking into account user's implicit need for information, capabilities of the user's access device, and other resource constraints of the user. The information retrieved assists users in achieving the collaboration goals. The proposed context-aware information retrieval system analyzes user's history to derive an enhanced "context" that indicates why user needs the information and what format of information is most useful for the user. The system uses this context to determine the information most relevant to the immediate goal of the user.
The Function of TIF2/GRIP1 in Mouse Reproduction Is Distinct from Those of SRC-1 and p/CIP (2002)

Human TIF2 (hTIF2) is a member of the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators, which includes SRC-1 and p/CIP. Although the functions of hTIF2 and of its mouse homolog (GRIP1 or mTIF2) have been clearly established in vitro, their physiological role remains elusive. Here, we have generated mice lacking mTIF2/GRIP1 and examined their phenotype with a particular emphasis on reproductive functions. TIF2(-/-) mice are viable, but the fertility of both sexes is impaired. Male hypofertility is due to defects in both spermiogenesis (teratozoospermia) and age-dependent testicular degeneration, and TIF2 expression appears to be essential for adhesion of Sertoli cells to germ cells. Female hypofertility is due to a placental hypoplasia that most probably reflects a requirement for maternal TIF2 in decidua stromal cells that face the developing placenta. We conclude that TIF2 plays a critical role in mouse reproductive functions, whereas previous reports have not revealed serious fertility impairment in SRC-1(-/-) or p/CIP(-/-) mutants. Thus, even though the three p160 coactivators exhibit strong sequence homology and similar activity in assays in vitro, they play distinct physiological roles in vivo, as their genetic eliminations result in distinct pathologies.
Hierarchical face clustering on polygonal surfaces (2001)

Article Hierarchical face clustering on polygonal surfaces Share on Authors: Michael Garland Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignView Profile , Andrew Willmott Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Paul S. Heckbert Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '01: Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsMarch 2001 Pages 49–58https://doi.org/10.1145/364338.364345Online:01 March 2001Publication History 237citation1,501DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations237Total Downloads1,501Last 12 Months62Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
50 Years of Nonlinear Optics, Tunable sources from OPOs to Coherent X-rays (2011)

A look back at the early days of the laser and nonlinear interactions will be contrasted to the recent breakthroughs in solid state lasers and the applications to fundamental science of gravitational wave detection, laser acceleration, and laser inertial fusion for energy production. Article not available.
Comparison of methods to estimate body fat in growth hormone deficient adults (1996)

All methods showed a decrease of body fat with GH treatment, but variation between methods was considerable.
CIAM/NASA Mach 6.5 Scramjet Flight and Ground Test Program (1999)

The Russian Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM) performed a flight test of a CIAM-designed, hydrogen-cooled/fueled dual-mode scramjet engine over a Mach number range of approximately 3.5 to 6.4 on February 12, 1998, at the Sary Shagan test range in Kazakhstan. This rocket-boosted, captive-carry test of the axisymmetric engine reached the highest Mach number of any scramjet engine flight test to date. The flight test and the accompanying ground test program, conducted in a CIAM test facility near Moscow, were performed under a NASA contract administered by the Dryden Flight Research Center with technical assistance from the Langley Research Center. Analysis of the flight and ground data by both CIAM and NASA resulted in the following preliminary conclusions. An unexpected control sensor reading caused non-optimal fueling of the engine, and flowpath modifications added to the engine inlet during manufacture caused markedly reduced inlet performance. Both of these factors appear to have contributed to the dual-mode scramjet engine operating primarily in a subsonic combustion mode. At the maximum Mach number test point, combustion caused transition from supersonic flow at the fuel injector station to primarily subsonic flow in the combustor. Ground test data were obtained at similar conditions to the flight test, allowing for a meaningful comparison between the ground and flight data. The results of this comparison indicate that the differences in engine performance are small.
As Green As It Gets: An Abundant Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor from Nature (2018)

We report the development of a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) based on a cheap, abundantly available natural product that is readily biodegradable and low in toxicity. The optimal product, called KHI530, was determined using KHI screening tests by the slow constant cooling method in multiple rocking cells. The performance was better than a low molecular weight poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) for a synthetic natural gas mixture (SNG) forming primarily structure II hydrate and about the same performance for structure I methane hydrate. Isothermal tests using the SNG mixture indicate that an active dosage of 0.5 wt % can protect against hydrate formation for 48 h at a subcooling of 6–7 °C. KHI530 exhibits no cloud point up to 95 °C in deionized water or NaCl brines up to 7 wt %. KHI530 can be biostabilized in monoethylene glycol (MEG) or using a biocide such as tetrahydroxymethylphosphonium sulfate (THPS), which does not affect the KHI performance. KHI530 was found to be fully compatible at all ratios with thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs) such as methanol or MEG and survived thermal treatment to 160 °C in aqueous MEG solutions for 1 h with no loss of KHI performance. Blends of KHI530 with MEG at various ratios were examined for KHI performance and shown to have good additive effect. The product is therefore useful as a stand-alone KHI for low subcooling applications or can be used to replace or reduce the amount of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor (THI) where the THI pumping capacity has been reached.
Speech Understanding in Noise by Patients With Cochlear Implants Using a Monaural Adaptive Beamformer (2017)

A monaural adaptive beamformer can produce an improvement in speech understanding in a complex noise environment that is equal to, or greater than, the improvement produced by bilateral CIs and HP surgery.
Cocoa Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms on Health (2013)

Recent reports on cocoa are appealing in that a food commonly consumed for pure pleasure might also bring tangible benefits for human health. Cocoa consumption is correlated with reduced health risks of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer, and the health-promoting effects of cocoa are mediated by cocoa-driven phytochemicals. Cocoa is rich in procyanidins, theobromine, (-)-epicatechin, catechins, and caffeine. Among the phytochemicals present in consumed cocoa, theobromine is most available in human plasma, followed by caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidins. It has been reported that cocoa phytochemicals specifically modulate or interact with specific molecular targets linked to the pathogenesis of chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, and skin aging. This review summarizes comprehensive recent findings on the beneficial actions of cocoa-driven phytochemicals in molecular mechanisms of human health.
Gifting technologies: A BitTorrent case study (2006)

This paper is concerned with gifting: giving not motivated by a direct, immediate, or obvious benefit. We analyze a popular technology used for gifting: the BitTorrent file–sharing system. We determine features associated with high levels of gifting and suggest changes to the protocol and to the design of associated BitTorrent Web sites to promote it. We then extend our conclusions and suggestions to gifting technologies in general.
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film capacitor with a multilayer construction (2002)

Thin PZT film is being developed for use in microelectronics, electromechanical and optoelectronic applications. Thin Pb(ZrTi)O/sub 3/ film capacitor devices were fabricated using RF sputtering techniques. The multiple-layer configuration of Si/SiO/sub 2//Ti/Pd or Pt was used as the substrate and bottom electrode. The top electrode was either Pd or Pt. At room temperature, the typical dissipation factor of this PZT film capacitor was 0.083 at 1 kHz. These PZT film capacitors had a parallel resistance of 1.15 mega-ohm. The film capacitor has an energy storage density of 0.023 /spl mu/F/cm/sup 2/. With the thickness of the film being 12,000 /spl Aring/, the dielectric constant was calculated to be 32. The insulation resistance was 138 giga-ohm. The resistivity was calculated to be 8.1/spl times/10/sup 10/ ohm-cm. These film capacitors were tested at 50 volts and the corresponding leakage current was at 1/spl times/x10/sup -5/ amp/cm/sup 2/. The breakdown strength at this stage was 4.2/spl times/10/sup 5/ V/cm. Annealing at 400/spl deg/C increased the value of the dielectric constant about 38%. The dissipation factor was decreased to 0.023 at 1 kHz. The parallel resistance increased from 1.15 to 3.01 mega-ohm. The insulation resistance after annealing was increased to 2180 giga-ohm. The resistivity was increased to 1.28/spl times/10/sup 13/ ohm-cm. The energy storage density of this film capacitor was increased from 0.023 to 0.031 /spl mu/F/cm/sup 2/. These film capacitors produced to-date had little dependence on frequency from 400 Hz to 100 kHz. The PZT sample with a thickness of 4.2 /spl mu/m exhibited a dielectric constant of 107 before annealing and 354 after annealed at 600/spl deg/C. The dissipation factor was reduced from 0.12 to 0.015 before and after annealing at 600/spl deg/C.