gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swarm Optimization of Pulsed Power Circuit Models (2007)

In this paper we present the use of computational intelligence to adjust the circuit values. With this method, many values can be varied simultaneously. The circuit topology is kept constant and the element values are generated using particle swarm optimization. We present several implementations of the technique and how it is utilized to solve typical pulsed power problems. For example, a circuit model of the University of Missouri Terawatt Test Stand is generated from load waveforms. With this technique we are able to determine which circuit elements most affect the load electrical response (load current risetime, magnitude, etc.).
Undulator superradiance effect and its applicability for the generation of multimegawatt terahertz pulses (2014)

The generation of multimegawatt terahertz pulses based on the superradiance of picosecond electron bunches moving in a periodic magnetic (undulator) field is shown to be possible. The theoretical study of superradiance processes is based both on the method of an averaged ponderomotive force and on direct numerical PIC (particle in cell) simulations. The analysis is performed in the K′ reference frame comoving with the electrons followed by the recalculation of radiation characteristics to the laboratory frame using the Lorentz transformations. Within the framework of the averaged approach, the electron bunch is represented as an ensemble of macroelectrons interacting between themselves through the radiation fields and Coulomb forces. The superradiance effect includes particle bunching followed by coherent emission of a single intense pulse from the entire volume of an electron bunch whose length exceeds considerably the wavelength. PIC simulations of this process based on the KARAT code have been performed for a more detailed analysis including the transverse inhomogeneity of the undulator field, the relativistic pattern of electron motion in this field, etc. A considerable simplification of the calculation procedure when passing to the comoving reference frame due to the commensurability of all spatial scales, including the radiation wavelength, the bunch length, and the length of the train of the pump wave into which the undulator field is transformed, is shown to be possible.
CD134L Expression on Dendritic Cells in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Drives Colitis in T Cell-Restored SCID Mice (2001)

Transfer of CD45RB(high) CD4+ T cells to immune-deficient mice in the absence of regulatory T cells leads to a Th1-mediated colitis. In this study, we show that intestinal inflammation is characterized by a 15-fold increase in the number of CD134L+ (OX40L+)-activated DC in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) compared with BALB/c mice. This was important functionally, as administration of an anti-CD134L mAb inhibited the proliferation of T cells in the MLNs as well as their expression of the gut-homing integrin alpha(4)beta(7). Most importantly, the anti-CD134L mAb completely blocked development of colitis. Surprisingly, CD134L was found to be expressed by a proportion of dendritic cells (DC) in the MLNs of unreconstituted SCID mice, suggesting that CD134L can be induced on DC in the absence of T cell-derived signals. These results indicate that some DC in the MLNs of SCID mice express an activated phenotype and that CD134L expression by these cells is involved in the development of colitis induced by T cell transfer. Accumulation of CD134L+ DC was inhibited by cotransfer of regulatory T cells, suggesting that inhibition of the accumulation of activated DC is one mechanism by which these cells prevent immune pathology.
Graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide: the first heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for dimethylcarbonate synthesis from CO2and methanol (2014)

The first successful synthesis of DMC directly from methanol and carbon dioxide using a heterogenized homogeneous graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst in the presence of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent is described. The presence of a dehydrating agent was found to be vital and in its absence the yield of DMC was found to be decreased significantly. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum yield of DMC reaches up to 13.3%. Although the homogeneous copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst provided a little higher yield of DMC (14.2%), the facile recovery and recycling ability of the heterogeneous catalyst make the developed method more attractive from environmental and economical viewpoints.
Mizellare Zweiphasen‐Hydroformylierung von ungesättigten Fettstoffen mit wasserlöslichen Rhodiumcarbonyl/tert. Phosphan‐Komplexkatalysatorsystemen (1995)

Abstract Nieder‐ und mittelmolekulare ω‐ungesättigte Carbonsäuremethyl‐ester einschließlich des ω‐Decensäuremethylesters können mit gutem Erfolg nach dem Zweiphasenverfahren im wäßrig‐organischen System unter Verwendung des wasserlöslichen Rhodiumcarbonyl/Tris(natrium‐m‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphan‐Komplexkatalysators hydroformyliert werden. Höhermolekulare ungesättigte Fettsäureester z.B. der dreifach ungesättigte Linolensäuremethylester oder ein fettes Öl wie das Leinöl können dagegen nur durch eine mizellare Zweiphasen‐Hydroformylierung, bei der durch Tensidmizellen für eine Solubilisation dieser völlig wasserunlöslichen ungesättigten Fettstoffe in der wäßrigen Katalysatorlösung gesorgt wird, zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Die unterschiedliche Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Tensidtypen für die mizellare Zweiphasen‐Hydroformylierung wurde untersucht und gedeutet. Am besten geeignet sind Kationtenside, mit deren Hilfe der Linolensäuremethylesteranteil eines Leinölfettsäureestergemisches mit 55 proz. Selektivität zum Triformylderivat hydroformyliert werden konnte. Die verlustfreie Abtrennung und Recyclierung der Katalysatorlösung vom Reaktionsprodukt gelingt durch einfache Phasentrennung in einer auch chemisch‐technisch befriedigenden Weise.
A microdeletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23) with a cryptic unbalanced translocation t(7;12)(q21.13;q23.1) implicates new candidate loci for intellectual disability and Kallmann syndrome (2023)

In an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn exhibiting both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), we detected a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb del(12)(p11.21p11.23) unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This new finding raised the possibility that KS combined with neurological disorder in this patient could be caused by gene(s) within this deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23 instead of disrupted or dysregulated genes at the genomic breakpoints. Screening of five candidate genes at both breakpoints in 48 KS patients we recruited found no mutation, corroborating our supposition. To substantiate this hypothesis further, we recruited six additional subjects with small CNVs and analyzed eight individuals carrying small CNVs in this region from DECIPHER to dissect 12p11.21-12p11.23. We used multiple complementary approaches including a phenotypic-genotypic comparison of reported cases, a review of knockout animal models recapitulating the human phenotypes, and analyses of reported variants in the interacting genes with corresponding phenotypes. The results identified one potential KS candidate gene ( <i>TSPAN11</i> ), seven candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental disorder ( <i>TM7SF3</i> , <i>STK38L</i> , <i>ARNTL2</i> , <i>ERGIC2</i> , <i>TMTC1</i> , <i>DENND5B</i> , and <i>ETFBKMT</i> ), and four candidate genes for KS with ID ( <i>INTS13</i> , <i>REP15</i> , <i>PPFIBP1</i> , and <i>FAR2</i> ). The high-level expression pattern in the relevant human tissues further suggested the candidacy of these genes. We propose that the dosage alterations of the candidate genes may contribute to sexual and/or cognitive impairment in patients with KS and/or ID. Further identification of point mutations through next generation sequencing will be necessary to confirm their causal roles.
Observations of faint galaxies with adaptive optics (2003)

Encouraged by imaging of faint galaxies around bright stars using ALFA on the 3.5-m telescope at Calar Alto, we have begun a survey to identify a large number of candidate sources near bright stars. In this contribution we report the status of this survey and show our preliminary results from deep imaging around one of these stars during the early phases of CONICA and NAOS on the 8.2-m VLT. We outline the exciting prospects for this type of work in terms of number counts, morphology, and rotation curve analyses.
Study on The Geopolymer Concrete Properties Reinforced with Hooked Steel Fiber (2017)

In this research, Class F fly ash and a mixture of alkaline activators and different amount of hooked steel fiber were used for preparing geopolymer concrete. In order to analyses the effect of hooked steel fiber on the geopolymer concrete, the analysis such as chemical composition of fly ash, workability of fresh geopolymer, water absorption, density, compressive strength of hardened geopolymer concrete have been carried out. Mixtures were prepared with fly ash to alkaline liquid ratio of 2.0 with hooked steel fibers were added to the mix with different amounts which are 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% by the weight of the concrete. Experimental results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases as the hooked steel fibers increases. The optimum compressive strength obtained was up to 87.83 MPa on the 14th day. The density of geopolymer concrete are in the range between 2466 kg/m3 to 2501 kg/m3. In addition, the workability value of geopolymer without hooked steel fibers is 100 mm while the workability value of geopolymer with hooked steel fibers are between 60 mm to 30 mm.
Developing New Treatments for Heart Failure (2016)

Compared with heart failure (HF) care 20 to 30 years ago, there has been tremendous advancement in therapy for ambulatory HF with reduced ejection fraction with the use of agents that block maladaptive neurohormonal pathways. However, during the past decade, with few notable exceptions, the frequency of successful drug development programs has fallen as most novel therapies have failed to offer incremental benefit or raised safety concerns (ie, hypotension). Moreover, no therapy has been approved specifically for HF with preserved ejection fraction or for worsening chronic HF (including acutely decompensated HF). Across the spectrum of HF, preliminary results from many phase II trials have been promising but are frequently followed by unsuccessful phase III studies, highlighting a disconnect in the translational process between basic science discovery, early drug development, and definitive clinical testing in pivotal trials. A major unmet need in HF drug development is the ability to identify homogeneous subsets of patients whose underlying disease is driven by a specific mechanism that can be targeted using a new therapeutic agent. Drug development strategies should increasingly consider therapies that facilitate reverse remodeling by directly targeting the heart itself rather than strictly focusing on agents that unload the heart or target systemic neurohormones. Advancements in cardiac imaging may allow for more focused and direct assessment of drug effects on the heart early in the drug development process. To better understand and address the array of challenges facing current HF drug development, so that future efforts may have a better chance for success, the Food and Drug Administration facilitated a meeting on February 17, 2015, which was attended by clinicians, researchers, regulators, and industry representatives. The following discussion summarizes the key takeaway dialogue from this meeting.
Die alpha-Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Verbesserung der Alkaliaktivität und Steigerung der spezifischen Aktivität mittels gerichteter Evolution (2002)

Amylasen werden häufig in Waschmitteln eingesetzt. Diese Anwendung werden Amylasen benötigt, die eine hohen Stabilität und Aktivität bei alkalischem pH besitzen. Zudem ist eine hohe spezifische Aktivität wünschenswert, da so Enzymmenge und dadurch Kosten gespart werden können. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Etablierung und Anwendung von Methoden der gerichteten Evolution auf die Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAA) zur Steigerung der spezifischen Aktivität und der Alkaliaktivität. Die Gene für die BAA sowie zwei Punktmutanten derselben wurden durch Error-prone PCR mutagenisiert und durch Gen-Shuffling rekombiniert. Zur Durchmusterung der Mutantenbibliotheken wurde ein Hochdurchsatz-Test auf Basis des kommerziell erhältlichen Phadebas(r)-Tests entwickelt. Das pH-Optimum von Mutante 42 ist um eine pH-Einheit zu höheren pH-Werten verschoben und liegt bei pH 7. Dies führt zusammen mit einer um den Faktor fünf höheren Aktivität bei pH 10 zu einem verbreiterten pH-Profil. Außerdem stieg die Aktivität in den Periplasmafraktionen um den Faktor vier und die spezifische Aktivität um den Faktor 1,5 als beim Wildtyp. Eine weitere Mutante, Mutante 29 zeigt das pH-Profil des Wildtyps. Allerdings liegen Aktivität der Periplasmafraktionen und spezifische Aktivität um den Faktor 40 beziehungsweise um den Faktor 9 höher als beim Wildtyp. Mutante B1, die durch Error-prone PCR mit der Mutante 29 erzeugt wurde zeigt ebenfalls das pH-Profil des Wildtyps. Zudem ist ihre spezifische Aktivität niedriger als die der Mutante 29, aber immerhin noch um den Faktor 4,2 höher als die des Wildtyps. Durch Vergleich der Aminosäuresequenzen der Mutanten mit dem Wildtyp und mit homologen Amylasen konnte der Einfluss der einzelnen Mutationen erklärt werden.
Chemical Genetics: Exploring the Role of the Proteasome in Cell Biology Using Natural Products and Other Small Molecule Proteasome Inhibitors (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTChemical Genetics: Exploring the Role of the Proteasome in Cell Biology Using Natural Products and Other Small Molecule Proteasome InhibitorsKyung Bo Kim*† and Craig M. Crews‡View Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 859-257-5301 or 859-257-1463 . Fax: 859-257-7564. E-mail: [email protected]†University of Kentucky.‡Yale University.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 9, 2600–2605Publication Date (Web):April 5, 2008Publication History Received10 April 2007Published online5 April 2008Published inissue 1 May 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm070421shttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm070421sreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1434Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Apoptosis,Genetics,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Th1/Th2 cells in inflammatory disease states: therapeutic implications (2004)

Inflammation is initiated as a protective response by the host, but can often result in systemic pathology. Among cells of the immune system, T lymphocytes play a major role in the inflammatory response. T cell inflammation is characterised histologically by an infiltration of mononuclear cells. Key regulators of this response are a subset of T lymphocytes called T helper (Th) cells. These cells secrete soluble mediators called cytokines, which orchestrate the immune response. The appropriate regulation of Th cell immunity is critical in the control and prevention of diverse disease states. This review will focus on the role of Th cells in the inflammatory process involved in allergic disease, diabetes, infectious disease, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, multiple sclerosis and cancer. In the area of autoimmunity, in particular, a basic understanding of Th cells and cytokines has contributed to the development of clinically efficacious biological agents. This review also examines current and novel treatment strategies under investigation at present that regulate Th cell immunity, which may result in better treatments for immune-mediated diseases.
A Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Composites: Application and Opportunity (2015)

Natural fibers are fine examples of renewable resources that play an important role in the composites industry, which produces superior strength comparable to synthetic fibers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites in particular have attracted enormous interest in view of their satisfactory performance, properties and biodegradability. Their performance in many applications such as consumer, biomedical, and agriculture is well defined and promising. This paper reviews the utilization of natural fibers from macro to nanoscale as reinforcement in PVA composites. An overview on the properties, processing methods, biodegradability, and applications of these composites is presented. The advantages arising from chemical and physical modifications of fibers or composites are discussed in terms of improved properties and performance. In addition, proper arrangement of nanocellulose in composites helps to prevent agglomeration and results in a better dispersion. The limitations and challenges of the composites and future works of these bio-composites are also discussed. This review concludes that PVA composites have potential for use in numerous applications. However, issues on technological feasibility, environmental effectiveness, and economic affordability should be considered.
Rhinoplasty (2007)

Technical advances in rhinoplasty provide numerous options for reconstruction and reshaping of the nose.
Welwitindolinones, Unusual Alkaloids from the Blue-Green Algae Hapalosiphon welwitschii and Westiella intricata. Relationship to Fischerindoles and Hapalinodoles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWelwitindolinones, Unusual Alkaloids from the Blue-Green Algae Hapalosiphon welwitschii and Westiella intricata. Relationship to Fischerindoles and HapalinodolesKlemens Stratmann, Richard E. Moore, Rosanne Bonjouklian, Jack B. Deeter, Gregory M. L. Patterson, Stacey Shaffer, Charles D. Smith, and Tim A. SmitkaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 22, 9935–9942Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00101a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2897Altmetric-Citations300LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Attitude and articulation control for the Cassini spacecraft: a fault tolerance overview (2002)

This paper describes how fault tolerance has been addressed in the design of the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem for the Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft. Cassini's fault tolerance objectives have strongly influenced the subsystem's level of autonomy, and have motivated some significant improvements over the autonomous capabilities of previous interplanetary spacecraft. Autonomous fault tolerant behaviors have been embedded at several points in the object-oriented flight control software, including a dedicated set of failure detection, isolation, and recovery algorithms.
Improved organic p-i-n type solar cells with n-doped fluorinated hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives HATNA-F6 and HATNA-F12 as transparent electron transport material (2014)

We study new electron transport materials (ETM) to replace the reference material C60 in p-i-n type organic solar cells. A comprehensive material characterization is performed on two fluorinated hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives, HATNA-F6 and HATNA-F12, to identify the most promising material for the application in devices. We find that both HATNA derivatives are equally able to substitute C60 as ETM as they exhibit large optical energy gaps, low surface roughness, and sufficiently high electron mobilities. Furthermore, large electron conductivities of 3.5×10−5 S/cm and 2.0×10−4 S/cm are achieved by n-doping with 4 wt. % W2(hpp)4. HOMO levels of (7.72 ± 0.05) eV and (7.73 ± 0.05) eV are measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and subsequently used for estimating LUMO values of (4.2 ± 0.8) eV and (4.3 ± 0.8) eV. Both fluorinated HATNA derivatives are successfully applied in p-i-n type solar cells. Compared to identical reference devices comprising the standard material C60, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be increased from 2.1 % to 2.4 % by using the new fluorinated HATNA derivatives.
Planning for Emergencies at Water Utilities (1975)

All utilities are subject to disasters of one kind or another. The first step in preparing for such emergencies is a vulnerability assessment. When a utility knows its most vulnerable systems, it can begin to implement a plan of action that will reduce the damage any potential disaster might incur.
Terahertz Pioneer: Richard J. Saykally - Water, Water Everywhere ... (2012)

This article presents a biographical account of Richard J. Saykally and his pioneering work on the terahertz spectral properties of water.
Tissue-derived biomaterials and their use in cardiovascular prosthetic devices. (1989)

A variety of tissues and tissue components, ranging from allograft and xenograft tissues to albumin- and collagen-coated synthetic materials, have been used to fabricate cardiovascular prosthetic devices. Tissue-derived biomaterials include both viable and non-viable tissues as well as individual tissue components which have undergone some degree of preimplantation processing. A review of the biochemistry, immunogenicity, mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, preimplantation processing and the morphology of the following cardiovascular prostheses are discussed: heart valve bioprostheses and allografts; blood vessel allografts; biologic vascular grafts; and, protein-coated vascular prostheses. This review focuses on the generic aspects of prosthetic device fabrication using tissue-derived biomaterials, realizing that specific differences between various commercially available prostheses may exist.