gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atopic skin: In vivo Raman identification of global molecular signature, a comparative study with healthy skin (2017)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin inflammatory disease, affecting up to 3% of adults and 20% of children. Skin barrier impairment is thought to be the primary factor in this disease. Currently, there is no method proposed to monitor non-invasively the different molecular disorders involved in the upper layer of AD skin. Raman microspectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool to characterize some AD molecular descriptors such as lipid content, global hydration level, filaggrin and its derivatives. Our investigations aimed to extend the use of in vivo Raman microspectroscopy as a rapid and non-invasive diagnostic technique for lipid conformation and organization, protein secondary structure and bound water content analysis in atopic skin. Our approach was based on the analysis of Raman data collected on the stratum corneum (SC) of 11 healthy and 10 mild-to-moderate atopic patients. Atopic skin revealed a modification of lipid organization and conformation in addition to the decrease of the lipid-to-protein ratio. This study also highlighted a reduction of the bound water and an increase in protein organized secondary structure in atopic skin. All these descriptors worsen the barrier function, state and appearance of the skin in AD. This precise and relevant information will allow an in vivo follow-up of the pathology and a better evaluation of the pharmacological activity of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of AD.
Type 1 Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency Presenting in a Middle-Aged Man1 (2001)

Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in the CYP11B2 gene usually presents in infancy with electrolyte abnormalities and failure to thrive, whereas affected adults are usually asymptomatic. We describe a patient who first came to medical attention in middle age when he developed hyperkalemia after preparation for a barium enema. Past medical history was notable for failure to thrive in infancy. He had elevated PRA with low serum and urinary levels of aldosterone and its metabolites and normal or slightly elevated levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These findings suggested a diagnosis of type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency. The patient had a homozygous duplication of six nucleotides at codon 143 in exon 3 of CYP11B2, leading to the insertion of two amino acid residues (Arg-Leu). When the corresponding mutant complementary DNA was expressed in cultured cells, the resulting enzyme was completely inactive, confirming the diagnosis. We conclude that aldosterone synthase deficiency represents an unusual cause of hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism presenting in adult life, but it should be suspected if the past medical history is positive for failure to thrive in childhood or if the patient manifests no other recognized causes of hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism.
A NEW SYSTEM FOR COTSIDE DISPLAY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PRETERM NEONATAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (1991)

Continuous EEG monitoring is considered to be a sensitive indicator of changes in cerebral function. This paper describes a system for cotside display and analysis of EEG discontinuity and amplitude in one-minute epochs, with provision for simultaneous recording of the EEG. It has been successfully used to monitor continuously the EEGs of more than 30 babies in a neonatal intensive care unit for periods of up to nine days. This system rapidly provides indications of changes in cerebral function, which can allow early intervention and possible prevention of morbidity.
Non-intrusive methods of velocity measurement in pneumatic conveying (1982)

Velocity measurements in pneumatic conveying systems is becoming increasingly important for energy saving. Doppler techniques using lasers, microwave and ultrasonic sensors are discussed; the laser techniques appear most suitable for use as research and development aids in system design. Injected tracers are difficult to use, but can give an adequate measure of bulk velocity for system development purposes. Cross correlation of natural tracers in the flow uses robust sensors and shows promise of being a cheap method for on-line process control purposes.
ACTN4 copy number increase as a predictive biomarker for chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2015)

The copy number of ACTN4 is a predictive biomarker for CRT of LAPC.
The application of a mechanistic model leads to the extension of the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation to allylic 4-methoxybenzoates and conformationally related amine and homoallylic alcohol derivatives. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe application of a mechanistic model leads to the extension of the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation to allylic 4-methoxybenzoates and conformationally related amine and homoallylic alcohol derivatives.E. J. Corey, Angel Guzman-Perez, and Mark C. NoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 44, 10805–10816Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00149a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00149a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3251Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Properties of a trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-dechlorinating mixed culture with a Dehalococcoides as putative dechlorinating species (2003)

An anaerobic mixed culture enriched over 16 transfers (1/10) from Saale river sediment reductively dehalogenated 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TrCDD) to di- and monochlorinated congeners in the presence of pyruvate (or lactate) and fumarate as cosubstrates. Besides TrCDD, tetrachloroethene and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene were dechlorinated. Dioxin dehalogenation was sensitive to pasteurization, but was not remarkably influenced by inhibitors of methanogens, sulfate-reducing bacteria or Gram-positive bacteria. The rate of 1,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin formation increased with rising initial concentrations of 1,2,4-TrCDD (1-250 microM) from 0.05 to 5.4 micromol l(-1) day(-1). Two isolates, belonging to Sulfurospirillum and Trichococcus, did not show reductive dehalogenation. 16S rDNA-targeted methods further revealed the presence of Acetobacterium, Desulfitobacterium, Desulfuromonas and Dehalococcoides. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated the presence of Dehalococcoides in highest most probable number (MPN) dilutions that were positive for dioxin dechlorination.
The long view: 40 years of infectious bronchitis research (2012)

The remit of this review is to provide the non-specialist reader of Avian Pathology with an overview of research carried out on infectious bronchitis over the 40 years since the journal was first published. In order to do this, we felt it necessary to summarize the knowledge acquired previously, since the since the disease was first identified in the 1930s. Infectious bronchitis virus is a significant pathogen in the domestic chicken, affecting the respiratory and renal systems as well as the female reproductive tract. The virus exists in the form of many, ever changing, serotypic or genotypic variants, some of which have global distribution whilst others are found only in more local areas. This review mentions the major discoveries concerning both the virus itself and the types of disease it causes and considers recent changes in its pathogenesis. It also discusses the impact of developments in the field of molecular biology and highlights possible areas for future work.
Centrally Controlled Mass Data Offloading Using Vehicular Traffic (2017)

With over 300 billion vehicle trips made in the United States and 64 billion in France per year, network operators have the opportunity to utilize the existing road and highway network as an alternative data network to offload large amounts of delay-tolerant traffic. To enable the road network as a large-capacity transmission system, we exploit the existing mobility of vehicles equipped with wireless and storage capacities together with a collection of offloading spots. An offloading spot is a data storage equipment located where vehicles usually park. Data is transloaded from a conventional data network to the closest offloading spot and then shipped by vehicles along their line of travel. The subsequent offloading spots act as data relay boxes where vehicles can drop off data for later pick-up by other vehicles, depending on their direction of travel. The main challenges of this offloading system are how to compute the road path matching the performance requirements of a data transfer and how to configure the sequence of offloading spots involved in the transfer. We propose a scalable and adaptive centralized architecture built on software-defined networking that maximizes the utilization of the flow of vehicles connecting consecutive offloading spots. We simulate the performance of our system using real roads traffic counts for France. Results show that the centralized controlled offloading architecture can achieve an efficient and fair allocation of concurrent data transfers between major cities in France.
Laser Polishing of Micro-Machined Microfluidic Molds (2010)

The objective of this paper is to explore the effective-ness of using a pulsed 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser to polish micro-machined metal molds. Polishing is desired to reduce the surface roughness of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices cast with these molds. Reducing the roughness on polymer microfluidic devices is desirable in order to reduce fluidic resistance, control surface friction, improve optical transparency, and improve the bonding of mating surfaces. This study is focused on modifying the surface roughness of molds in order to improve the finish of cast PDMS devices, thereby enhancing their ability to bond to a glass substrate; standard practice to seal channels when manufacturing a microfluidic device. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe results of the laser parameters used in this study showed successful polishing of features with spatial fre-quencies above ~75 mm-1 (i.e., short wavelength features) . Surface features with smaller spatial frequencies (longer wavelength) remained relatively unaffected. Adhesion tests only correlated with the surface roughness metrics that capture the low spatial frequency (&lt;75 mm-1) features. These results demonstrate that adhesion (bond strength) is a function of wavelength (and amplitude) of surface fea-tures. In order to completely describe a bonding interface, roughness metrics need to be obtained across the range of feature sizes; i.e., data collected and analyzed at different magnifications/resolutions. Laser polishing parameters that target longer wavelength features must be applied to the molds in this study in order to enhance the adhesion of the cast PDMS surfaces.
A Metallurgical Study of Oxide-Base Slag Used for Electroslag Remelting (1978)

The applicability of oxide-base slag were examined, because fluoride-base slag, usually used for electroslag remelting, sometimes accompanies fluorine emission during remelting. CaO-Al2O3-base slag were chosen and remelting were carried out by furnaces with 80 mm in diameter and with 360 mm. Operational characteristics and qualities of ingot were assessed in comparison with fluoride-base slag. Results obtained are as follows:(1) There is no trouble in operation with oxide-base slag with no fuming and good electric stability.(2) Tendency to form heterogeneous slag skin is improved by a small addition of CaF2.(3) Behaviors of elements are little affected with oxide-base slag because of the low activity of iron oxide in slag. Furthermore, excellent deoxidation and desulphurization are attained.(4) Because oxide-base slag has a small partition ratio of hydrogen, (H) J [H], remelting must be carried out more carefully to the moisture of slag. During remelting, however, the effect of the moisture in atmosphere is a little because of small transfer coefficient of hyrogen through gas-slag interface.(5) Power consumption decreases about 20-40% with oxide-base slag. Accordingly, it may be possible that CaO-Al2O3-base slag takes the place of fluoride-base slag.
Normalizing Community Mask-Wearing: A Cluster Randomized Trial in Bangladesh (2021)

Background: Mask usage remains low across many parts of the world during the COVID- 19 pandemic, and strategies to increase mask-wearing remain untested. Our objectives were to identify strategies that can persistently increase mask-wearing and assess the impact of increasing mask-wearing on symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of community-level mask promotion in rural Bangladesh from November 2020 to April 2021 (N=600 villages, N=342,126 adults). We cross-randomized mask promotion strategies at the village and household level, including cloth vs. surgical masks. All intervention arms received free masks, information on the importance of masking, role modeling by community leaders, and in-person reminders for 8 weeks. The control group did not receive any interventions. Neither participants nor field staff were blinded to intervention assignment. Outcomes included symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (primary) and prevalence of proper mask-wearing, physical distancing, and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (secondary). Mask-wearing and physical distancing were assessed through direct observation at least weekly at mosques, markets, the main entrance roads to villages, and tea stalls. At 5 and 9 weeks follow-up, we surveyed all reachable participants about COVID-related symptoms. Blood samples collected at 10-12 weeks of follow-up for symptomatic individuals were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Results: There were 178,288 individuals in the intervention group and 163,838 individuals in the control group. The intervention increased proper mask-wearing from 13.3% in control villages (N=806,547 observations) to 42.3% in treatment villages (N=797,715 observations) (adjusted percentage point difference = 0.29 [0.27, 0.31]). This tripling of mask usage was sustained during the intervention period and two weeks after. Physical distancing increased from 24.1% in control villages to 29.2% in treatment villages (adjusted percentage point difference = 0.05 [0.04, 0.06]). After 5 months, the impact of the intervention faded, but mask-wearing remained 10 percentage points higher in the intervention group. The proportion of individuals with COVID-like symptoms was 7.62% (N=13,273) in the intervention arm and 8.62% (N=13,893) in the control arm. Blood samples were collected from N=10,952 consenting, symptomatic individuals. Adjusting for baseline covariates, the intervention reduced symptomatic seroprevalence by 9.3% (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.91 [0.82, 1.00]; control prevalence 0.76%; treatment prevalence 0.68%). In villages randomized to surgical masks (n = 200), the relative reduction was 11.2% overall (aPR = 0.89 [0.78, 1.00]) and 34.7% among individuals 60+ (aPR = 0.65 [0.46, 0.85]). No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Our intervention demonstrates a scalable and effective method to promote mask
Field study of parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens in the Ecuadorian Andes (2023)

The study reveals that vegetables and fruits for human consumption from this area of the Ecuadorian Andes are highly contaminated with various parasites, constituting a possible source of infection for humans and animals in this area, or in non-endemic areas where these products are marketed. The finding emphasizes the need for strict hygienic measures in agricultural crops, which will be properly achieved through the treatment of soil, manure and water used for cultivation.
An integrated genetic linkage map for silkworms with three parental combinations and its application to the mapping of single genes and QTL (2009)

The integrated map produced in this study is a highly efficient genetic tool for the high-throughput mapping of single genes and QTL. Compared to previous maps, the current map offers a greater number of markers and polymorphisms; thus, it may be used as a resource for marker-assisted breeding.
Electronic nose for coffee quality control (2002)

Two groups of seven coffees have been analyzed with the Pico-1 Electronic Nose (EN) developed at Brescia University. Inside each group, coffees have been classified with PCA and multilayer perceptrons giving classification rates above 90%. Cups of coffee were analyzed by two panels of trained judges who assessed quantitative descriptors and a global index (Hedonic Index, HI) characterizing the sensorial appeal of the coffee. These parameters were predicted starting from the measurements performed with Pico-1. The standard deviation for the prediction of the HI are comparable to the uncertainty of the HI itself (0.2 on a 1 to 9 scale).
The Longitudinal Study of Adrenal Maturation during Gonadal Suppression: Evidence That Adrenarche Is a Gradual Process (2001)

The physical changes that herald the onset of puberty result from the combination of adrenarche and gonadarche. To examine adrenal maturation and associated changes in growth without the confounding effects of changes in the gonadal steroid milieu, we performed a longitudinal study in 14 young girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty during long-term pituitary-gonadal suppression. Beginning at the mean age of 2.9 yr, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, linear growth, skeletal maturation, body mass index, and secondary sexual development were evaluated at 3- to 6-month intervals for up to 12.3 yr. In 12 of the girls, levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were determined before and after acute ACTH stimulation every 6 months to investigate the maturation of adrenal steroidogenic enzyme activity. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels rose progressively throughout the study. An exponential model fit the longitudinal datasets well and indicated that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels increased approximately 22%/yr from the youngest age onward. Increasing activity of 17-20 lyase (CYP17) and decreasing activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were also evident in preadrenarchal subjects. When controlled for chronological age, no significant associations were noted between weight, body mass index, or body surface area and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. However, similar analyses revealed modest correlations of both height and growth velocity with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Our results suggest that adrenarche is not the result of sudden rapid changes in adrenal enzyme activities or adrenal androgen concentrations; rather, adrenarche may be a gradual maturational process that begins in early childhood.
Antifolates induce inhibition of amido phosphoribosyltransferase in leukemia cells. (1992)

The pathway for de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides contains two one-carbon transfer reactions catalyzed by glycinamide ribotide (GAR) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) transformylases in which N10-formyltetrahydrofolate is the one-carbon donor. We have found that the antifolates methotrexate (MTX) and piritrexim (PTX) completely block the de novo purine pathway in mouse L1210 leukemia cells growing in culture but with only minor accumulations of GAR and AICAR to less than 5% of the polyphosphate derivatives of N-formylglycinamide ribotide (FGAR) which accumulate when the pathway is blocked completely by azaserine. This azaserine-induced accumulation of FGAR polyphosphates is completely abolished by MTX, indicating that inhibition of the pathway is at or before GAR transformylase (reaction 3; Lyons, S. D., and Christopherson, R. I. (1991) Biochem. Int. 24, 187-197). Three h after the addition of MTX (0.1 microM), cellular 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate has accumulated 3.4-fold while 6-methyl-mercaptopurine riboside (25 microM) induces a 6.3-fold accumulation. These data suggest that amido phosphoribosyltransferase catalyzing reaction 1 of the pathway is the primary site of inhibition. In support of this conclusion, we have found that dihydrofolate-Glu5, which accumulates in MTX-treated cells, is a noncompetitive inhibitor of amido phosphoribosyltransferase with a dissociation constant of 3.41 +/- 0.08 microM for interaction with the enzyme-glutamine complex in vitro. Folate-Glu5, MTX-Glu5, PTX, dihydrotriazine benzenesulfonyl fluoride, and AICAR also inhibit amido phosphoribosyltransferase.
Detailed simulation of heat transfer across planar evacuated glazing (1996)

The centre of glass thermal performance of evacuated glazing is better than the performance of argon‐filled atmospheric pressure double glazings. Mitigation, or elimination of evacuated glazing edge effects will bring total window thermal performance on par, or better than, competing 'superwindow' options; thus increasing the commercial attractiveness of these glazings. The results of the computer‐based thermal modelling at the Universities of Sydney and Ulster compare well with each other and with the infrared thermography measurements at Lawrence Berkeley. French Le centre de performance thermique du verre dans le vitrago à vide est supérieur à la performance des doubles vitrages à argon sous pression atmosphérique. L'atténuation ‐ en d'autres termes, l'élimination des effets d'arête du vitrage sous vide ‐ devrait permettre d'amener la performance thermique globale de la fenêtre à un niveau égal ou supérieur à celui des meilleurs doubles vitrages actuels; et de renforcer les perspectives commerciales de ce produit. Les résultats des travaux de modélisation informatique des flux thermiques menés aux universités de Sydney et d'Ulster concordent parfaitement, ainsi qu'avec les mesures thermographiques infrarouge réalisées à Lawrence Berkeley. Keywords: evacuated glazingheat transfercomputer modellingNorthern Ireland