gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dicopper(II) Complexes of a Binucleating N4 Macrocycle Containing Mono‐ and Diatomic Bridges; Magnetic Interactions Mediated by Alkoxo‐ and Diaza‐Bridging Ligands. Crystal Structures of (Cu2(L1)(pz)2) (ClO4)2, (Cu2(L1)(OEt)2(NCS)2), and (Cu2(L1)(OMe)2(MeCN)2) (BPh4)2. (1989)

Abstract (Ia), obtained by a known method via transmetalation of the Ba complex of the macrocyclic ligand, forms the pyrazolate‐bridged complex (III) (P2 1 /c, Z=4) and reacts with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole or 1,2,4‐triazole to give the same type of complexes (65‐70% yield).
Functional insights into the cellular response triggered by a bile-acid platinum compound conjugated to biocompatible ferric nanoparticles using quantitative proteomic approaches (2017)

At present, bioferrofluids are employed as powerful multifunctional tools for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, among others. The present study explores the cellular response evoked when bile-acid platinum derivatives are conjugated with bioferrofluids by testing the biological activity in osteosarcoma (MG-63) and T-cell leukemia (Jurkat) cells. The aim of this work is to evaluate the biocompatibility of a bile-acid platinum derivative conjugated with multi-functional polymer coated bioferrofluids by observing the effects on the protein expression profiles and in intracellular pathways of nanoparticle-stimulated cells. To this end, a mass spectrometry-based approach termed SILAC has been applied to determine in a high-throughput manner the key proteins involved in the cellular response process (including specific quantitatively identified proteins related to the vesicular transport, cellular structure, cell cycle, biosynthetic process, apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle). Finally, biocompatibility was evaluated and validated by conventional strategies also (such as flow cytometry, MTT, etc.).
Interactions of circadian clock genes with the hallmarks of cancer (2023)

The molecular machinery of the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes and processes in the organism, allowing the adaptation of cellular activities to the daily light-dark cycles. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to various pathologies, including cancer. Thus, disturbance of the normal circadian clock at both genetic and environmental levels has been described as an independent risk factor for cancer. In addition, researchers have proposed that circadian genes may have a tissue-dependent and/or context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and may function both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Finally, circadian clock core genes may trigger or at least be involved in different hallmarks of cancer. Hence, expanding the knowledge of the molecular basis of the circadian clock would be helpful to identify new prognostic markers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
Computerized reference management: searching the literature (1986)

Computerized reference management: searching the literatureJW Gurney and RS WigtonAudio Available | Share
Design of nematic liquid crystals to control microscale dynamics (2020)

The dynamics of small particles, both living such as swimming bacteria and inanimate, such as colloidal spheres, has fascinated scientists for centuries. If one could learn how to control and streamline their chaotic motion, that would open technological opportunities in the transformation of stored or environmental energy into systematic motion, with applications in micro-robotics, transport of matter, guided morphogenesis. This review presents an approach to command microscale dynamics by replacing an isotropic medium with a liquid crystal. Orientational order and associated properties, such as elasticity, surface anchoring, and bulk anisotropy, enable new dynamic effects, ranging from the appearance and propagation of particle-like solitary waves to self-locomotion of an active droplet. By using photoalignment, the liquid crystal can be patterned into predesigned structures. In the presence of the electric field, these patterns enable the transport of solid and fluid particles through nonlinear electrokinetics rooted in anisotropy of conductivity and permittivity. Director patterns command the dynamics of swimming bacteria, guiding their trajectories, polarity of swimming, and distribution in space. This guidance is of a higher level of complexity than a simple following of the director by rod-like microorganisms. Namely, the director gradients mediate hydrodynamic interactions of bacteria to produce an active force and collective polar modes of swimming. The patterned director could also be engraved in a liquid crystal elastomer. When an elastomer coating is activated by heat or light, these patterns produce a deterministic surface topography. The director gradients define an activation force that shapes the elastomer in a manner similar to the active stresses triggering flows in active nematics. The patterned elastomer substrates could be used to define the orientation of cells in living tissues. The liquid-crystal guidance holds a major promise in achieving the goal of commanding microscale active flows.
Fumaric Acid Production by R. arrhizus NRRL 1526 Using Apple Pomace Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Kinetic Modelling (2022)

Fumaric acid is one of the most promising biorefinery platform chemicals, fruit residues being a very suitable raw material for its production in second generation biorefineries. In particular, apple pomace is a plentiful residue from the apple juice industry, with apple being the second largest fruit crop in the world, with a production that increased from 46 to 86 Mtons in the 1994–2021 period. With a global apple juice production of more than 4.5 Mtons, a similar amount of apple pomace is produced yearly. In this work, apple pomace hydrolysate has been obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and further characterized for its content in sugars, phenolics and nitrogen using different analytic methods, based on HPLC and colorimetric techniques. Previous to the use of this hydrolysate (APH), we studied if the addition of fructose to the usual glucose-rich broth could lead to high fumaric acid yields, titers and productivities. Afterwards, APH fermentation was performed and improved using different nitrogen initial amounts, obtaining production yields (0.32 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar) similar to those obtained with synthetic media (0.38 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar). Kinetic modelling was employed to evaluate, explain, and understand the experimental values and trends of relevant components in the fermentation broth as functions of the bioprocess time, proposing a suitable reaction scheme and a non-structured, non-segregated kinetic model based on it.
Decanoyl lysophosphatidic acid induces platelet aggregation through an extracellular action. Evidence against a second messenger role for lysophosphatidic acid (1985)

Platelets rapidly convert 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol into its corresponding phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid derivatives, thereby providing a means of introducing these two compounds into platelets. 1-Decanoyl-2-lyso-3-sn-phosphatidic acid, when added directly to platelets, induced platelet aggregation and raised intracellular Ca2+ levels at concentrations of 0.3 microM upwards, but was without effect when formed intracellularly from 1,2-didecanoylglycerol at an estimated concentration of approx. 47 microM. This indicates that the site of platelet activation by lysophosphatidic acid is extracellular. A concentration of thrombin (0.2 unit/ml), which produced maximal platelet aggregation, caused an estimated intracellular formation of 20 microM-lysophosphatidic acid in the presence of 2 mM-Ca2+; however, there was no detectable release of lysophosphatidic acid into the bathing medium. Lysophosphatidic acid, therefore, may not be an intracellular second messenger involved in platelet aggregation by thrombin.
Design-corrected variation by centre in mortality reduction in the ERSPC randomised prostate cancer screening trial (2016)

Objectives To calculate design-corrected estimates of the effect of screening on prostate cancer mortality by centre in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Setting The ERSPC has shown a 21% reduction in prostate cancer mortality in men invited to screening with follow-up truncated at 13 years. Centres either used pre-consent randomisation (effectiveness design) or post-consent randomisation (efficacy design). Methods In six centres (three effectiveness design, three efficacy design) with follow-up until the end of 2010, or maximum 13 years, the effect of screening was estimated as both effectiveness (mortality reduction in the target population) and efficacy (reduction in those actually screened). Results The overall crude prostate cancer mortality risk ratio in the intervention arm vs control arm for the six centres was 0.79 ranging from a 14% increase to a 38% reduction. The risk ratio was 0.85 in centres with effectiveness design and 0.73 in those with efficacy design. After correcting for design, overall efficacy was 27%, 24% in pre-consent and 29% in post-consent centres, ranging between a 12% increase and a 52% reduction. Conclusion The estimated overall effect of screening in attenders (efficacy) was a 27% reduction in prostate cancer mortality at 13 years' follow-up. The variation in efficacy between centres was greater than the range in risk ratio without correction for design. The centre-specific variation in the mortality reduction could not be accounted for by the randomisation method.
Improvement of 1/f noise by using VHP (vertical high pressure) oxynitride gate insulator for deep-sub micron RF and analog CMOS (1999)

The 1/f noise in MOSFETs using VHP (vertical high pressure) oxynitride gate insulator was studied. The 1/f noise is degraded by conventional oxynitride gate insulators. It was found that 1/f noise can be improved by using the VHP oxynitride gate insulator.
Interaction studies of the tail domain of cellobiohydrolase I and crystalline cellulose using molecular modelling (1991)

Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound in the biosphere. In nature, crystalline cellulose is hydrolysed by specific enzymes called cellulases. Understanding the physico‐chemical nature of these enzymatic processes will be essential for developing new energy saving and non polluting methods for cellulose degradation and modification.
Algorithmic Causal Effect Identification with causaleffect (2021)

Our evolution as a species made a huge step forward when we understood the relationships between causes and effects. These associations may be trivial for some events, but they are not in complex scenarios. To rigorously prove that some occurrences are caused by others, causal theory and causal inference were formalized, introducing the $do$-operator and its associated rules. The main goal of this report is to review and implement in Python some algorithms to compute conditional and non-conditional causal queries from observational data. To this end, we first present some basic background knowledge on probability and graph theory, before introducing important results on causal theory, used in the construction of the algorithms. We then thoroughly study the identification algorithms presented by Shpitser and Pearl in 2006, explaining our implementation in Python alongside. The main identification algorithm can be seen as a repeated application of the rules of $do$-calculus, and it eventually either returns an expression for the causal query from experimental probabilities or fails to identify the causal effect, in which case the effect is non-identifiable. We introduce our newly developed Python library and give some usage examples.
Isolation of Deacetylviguiestenin and Erioflorin From Helianthus tuberosus (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of Deacetylviguiestenin and Erioflorin From Helianthus tuberosusH. Morimoto and H. OshioCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 6, 748–749Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50018a026https://doi.org/10.1021/np50018a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accelerating correctly rounded floating-point division when the divisor is known in advance (2004)

We present techniques for accelerating the floating-point computation of x/y when y is known before x. The proposed algorithms are oriented toward architectures with available fused-mac operations. The goal is to get exactly the same result as with usual division with rounding to nearest. It is known that the advanced computation of 1/y allows performing correctly rounded division in one multiplication plus two fused-macs. We show algorithms that reduce this latency to one multiplication and one fused-mac. This is achieved if a precision of at least n+1 bits is available, where n is the number of mantissa bits in the target format, or if y satisfies some properties that can be easily checked at compile-time. This requires a double-word approximation of 1/y (we also show how to get it). Compilers to accelerate some numerical programs without loss of accuracy can use these techniques.
Mechanism of assembly of type 4 filaments: everything you always wanted to know (but were afraid to ask) (2023)

Type 4 filaments (T4F) are a superfamily of filamentous nanomachines - virtually ubiquitous in prokaryotes and functionally versatile - of which type 4 pili (T4P) are the defining member. T4F are polymers of type 4 pilins, assembled by conserved multi-protein machineries. They have long been an important topic for research because they are key virulence factors in numerous bacterial pathogens. Our poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T4F assembly is a serious hindrance to the design of anti-T4F therapeutics. This review attempts to shed light on the fundamental mechanistic principles at play in T4F assembly by focusing on similarities rather than differences between several (mostly bacterial) T4F. This holistic approach, complemented by the revolutionary ability of artificial intelligence to predict protein structures, led to an intriguing mechanistic model of T4F assembly.
Head-Related Impulse Response Interpolation in Virtual Sound System (2008)

In order to obtain some head-related impulse responses (HRIRs) not measured in virtual sound system, a real-time interpolation method based on the minimum-phase reconstruction is proposed in this article. The method is composed of three steps: firstly, the original HRIRs are preprocessed and separated into two parts: a minimum-phase reconstruction version and the corresponding inter-aural time difference (ITD); secondly, each part is interpolated by using the simple linear interpolation; finally, the interpolated HRIR is obtained from the above two parts. The simulation experiments show that compared with two typical real-time interpolations algorithms used in the virtual sound system, the proposed method decreases the interpolation error and reduces the computational complexity.
Streaming, Memory Limited Matrix Completion with Noise (2015)

In this paper, we consider the streaming memory-limited matrix completion problem when the observed entries are noisy versions of a small random fraction of the original entries. We are interested in scenarios where the matrix size is very large so the matrix is very hard to store and manipulate. Here, columns of the observed matrix are presented sequentially and the goal is to complete the missing entries after one pass on the data with limited memory space and limited computational complexity. We propose a streaming algorithm which produces an estimate of the original matrix with a vanishing mean square error, uses memory space scaling linearly with the ambient dimension of the matrix, i.e. the memory required to store the output alone, and spends computations as much as the number of non-zero entries of the input matrix.
Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with retained cardiac\n leads (2021)

Purpose: To evaluate safety of MRI in patients with fragmented retained leads\n(FRLs) through numerical simulation and phantom experiments.\n Methods: Electromagnetic and thermal simulations were performed to determine\nthe worst-case RF heating of 10 patient-derived FRL models during MRI at 1.5 T\nand 3 T and at imaging landmarks corresponding to head, chest and abdomen. RF\nheating measurements were performed in phantoms implanted with reconstructed\nFRL models that produced highest heating in numerical simulations. The\npotential for unintended tissue stimulation was assessed through a conservative\nestimation of the electric field induced in the tissue due to gradient-induced\nvoltages developed along the length of FRLs.\n Results: In simulations under conservative approach, RF exposure at B1+&lt;2 uT\ngenerated CEM43&lt;40 at all imaging landmarks at both 1.5 T and 3 T indicating no\nthermal damage for acquisition times (TA) &lt;10 minutes. In experiments, the\nmaximum temperature rise when FRLs were positioned at the location of maximum\nelectric field exposure was measured to be 2.4 degrees Celsius at 3 T and 2.1\ndegrees Celsius at 1.5 T. Electric fields induced in the tissue due to\ngradient-induced voltages remained below the threshold for cardiac tissue\nstimulation in all cases.\n Conclusions: Simulation and experimental results indicate that patients with\nFRLs can be scanned safely at both 1.5 T and 3 T with majority of clinical\npulse sequences.\n
Effects of Topical Hydrocortisone and Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Primary Lesion of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (1971)

Topical application of aspirin (6%) or hydrocortisone (2%) in hydroalcoholic solutions significantly reduced edema formation and local hyperpyrexia associated with the primary lesion of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Topical application of aspirin prior to and during the development of the primary lesion also significantly reduced adjuvant-induced body weight loss; whereas topically applied hydrocortisone aggravated body weight loss. Oral doses of aspirin (200 mg/kg) produced antiedema effects equal to those of topically applied aspirin (6%). In contrast to the topically applied aspirin, orally administered aspirin elevated pain threshold but failed to reduce adjuvant-induced body weight loss, and had significantly less effect on local hyperpyrexia. These results support the concept that the elevation in pain threshold (analgesia) produced by aspirin is due to a central effect rather than local anti-inflammatory activity; they also demonstrate that the adjuvant arthritic rat is a suitable model to detect and distinguish characteristics of topically effective antiinflammatory preparations.
The Southampton underwater multiparameter optical-fibre spectrometer system (SUMOSS) (1999)

The SUMOSS was designed to measure simultaneously a number of inherent and apparent optical properties at high spectral resolution (&amp;lt;5 nm). The sensors consist of a transmissometer to measure beam attenuation, plane irradiance sensors (to measure reflectance, K-d and K-u) and a scalar irradiance sensor for calculating the absorption coefficient. The SUMOSS was designed to minimize the effects of self-shading of the sensors. The radiometric stability of the instrument across the visible spectrum (350-720 nm) was assessed in a series of dark room experiments. The linearity of the response of the passive sensors was evaluated over a range of intensities and was found to be stable to within 1%. The spectral resolution was measured using red and green lasers on the passive channels (FWHM 4 nm, sampling interval 0.4 nm). Radiometric calibrations showed that there was minimal variability in the spectral response over time. The SUMOSS has been deployed in three optically different water masses (the Baltic, Mediterranean and UK) and the spectral quality and intensity of the readings is interpreted using measurements of the concentrations of suspended particulate material and chlorophyll.
Space shift keying with full duplex amplify and forward relaying (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the error performance of space-shift-keying (SSK) with full-duplex (FD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of residual loop interference. In the proposed system, the source and destination nodes are equipped with multiple antennas, while the relay node has a single transmit and receive antenna. An upper-bound for the bit error rate (BER) expression of the system is derived in a closed-form. The accuracy of the analytical results are validated via Monte Carlo type computer simulations. It is revealed that SSK with FD-AF relaying as a spectrum-efficient transmission scheme provides considerable error performance improvement in comparison with the conventional SSK with half-duplex (HD) AF relaying, especially for higher spectral efficiency values.
Dynamic Algorithms Against an Adaptive Adversary: Generic Constructions and Lower Bounds (2021)

A dynamic algorithm against an adaptive adversary is required to be correct when the adversary chooses the next update after seeing the previous outputs of the algorithm. We obtain faster dynamic algorithms against an adaptive adversary and separation results between what is achievable in the oblivious vs. adaptive settings. To get these results we exploit techniques from differential privacy, cryptography, and adaptive data analysis. We give a general reduction transforming a dynamic algorithm against an oblivious adversary to a dynamic algorithm robust against an adaptive adversary. This reduction maintains several copies of the oblivious algorithm and uses differential privacy to protect their random bits. Using this reduction we obtain dynamic algorithms against an adaptive adversary with improved update and query times for global minimum cut, all pairs distances, and all pairs effective resistance. We further improve our update and query times by showing how to maintain a sparsifier over an expander decomposition that can be refreshed fast. This fast refresh enables it to be robust against what we call a blinking adversary that can observe the output of the algorithm only following refreshes. We believe that these techniques will prove useful for additional problems. On the flip side, we specify dynamic problems that, assuming a random oracle, every dynamic algorithm that solves them against an adaptive adversary must be polynomially slower than a rather straightforward dynamic algorithm that solves them against an oblivious adversary. We first show a separation result for a search problem and then show a separation result for an estimation problem. In the latter case our separation result draws from lower bounds in adaptive data analysis.