gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on Spray Design for Small-Bore Diesel Engine (Second Report) (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Generally, soot emissions increase in diesel engines with smaller bore sizes due to larger spray impingement on the cavity wall at a constant specific output power. The objective of this study is to clarify the constraints for engine/nozzle specifications and injection conditions to achieve the same combustion characteristics (such as heat release rate and emissions) in diesel engines with different bore sizes. The first report applied the geometrical similarity concept to two engines with different bore sizes and similar piston cavity shapes. The smaller engine emitted more smoke because air entrainment decreases due to the narrower spray angle. A new spray design method called spray characteristics similarity was proposed to suppress soot emissions. However, a smaller nozzle diameter and a larger number of nozzle holes are required to maintain the same spray characteristics (such as specific air-entrainment and penetration) when the bore size decreases. This second report proposes another approach that maintains the same nozzle diameter and number of nozzle holes. When the similarity ratio is defined as the ratio of the bore diameter between a targeted engine and the base engine, this new method (called the "geometric similarity of fuel spray" concept) can be expressed as functions of the spray penetration, spray angle, and excess air ratio. This method requires the fuel spray angle to be the same regardless of the engine size. To achieve this condition, a newly designed step shaped nozzle was adopted to increase the fuel spray angle compared to a conventional straight hole nozzle. In the case of the geometric similarity of fuel spray concept, soot emissions are the same as those generated by a longer nozzle, while maintaining the same spray angle as the conventional straight nozzle. Consequently, it was confirmed experimentally that theoretical solutions based on the geometric similarity of fuel spray concept can obtain almost constant soot emissions in different sized engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A novel design of a wearable device for measuring force and torque in vascular surgery (2013)

In-vivo measurement of force/torque signals between a surgical tool and human vessels during vascular surgery operations could provide a ground-truth data-set for constructing and evaluating haptics-enabled surgical simulation systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel wearable device for measuring such signals. This new design provides much higher measurement accuracy than a previous prototype. Experimental results by using standard weights provide that the relative force and torque error is about 5%. With time-varying load, the new device is compared with an ATI Nano17 force/torque sensor; average relative errors between the force signals is about 16.85%, and average relative errors between the torque signals is about 28.74%. Preliminary manipulation experiments of inserting a catheter into a vascular phantom model illustrated that the device can detect the collision between the catheter and the vascular walls. Subtle force/torque changes caused by changes of movement direction can be detected. Force/torque changes at some critical point (such as the interaction point of vessels) can also be detected.
Pulverizer fineness and capacity enhancements at Danskammer (1999)

Dynamic classifiers were retrofitted at Central Hudson Gas and Electric's Danskammer Station to increase the capacity and improve the fineness of the existing pulverizers. The dynamic classifiers, which went on line in April 1995, replaced the existing static centrifugal cone type classifiers in CE Raymond Mills. The new dynamic classifiers consist of five main components; the drive, fixed vane inlet louvers, rotating cage assembly, reject cone, and classifier discharge. Classifier speed is controlled by a variable frequency AC motor controller. The rotational speed of the classifier can be varied with boiler load or with changes in coal characteristics to better match the fineness with the furnace requirements. Inherently, the rotational effects of the dynamic classifier and better fineness improve coal and air distribution to the coal pipes and to the burners. Improved coal and air distribution allows operation at lower excess air, which results in increased boiler and plant efficiency and reduced NOx. Better fineness has a positive impact on combustion efficiency by reducing flyash LOI.
Activités des constituants d’un silicate binaire (1967)

L’interprétation de résultats expérimentaux fournis par différentes études consacrées aux silicates binaires liquides a conduit certains auteurs à supposer un équilibre thermodynamique entre trois états de liaisons différents de l’atome d’oxygène (modèle de FINCHAM et RICHARDSON).
Distributed Transactional Systems Cannot Be Fast (2019)

We prove that no fully transactional system can provide fast read transactions (including read-only ones that are considered the most frequent in practice). Specifically, to achieve fast read transactions, the system has to give up support of transactions that write more than one object. We prove this impossibility result for distributed storage systems that are causally consistent, i.e., they do not require to ensure any strong form of consistency. Therefore, our result holds also for any system that ensures a consistency level stronger than causal consistency, e.g., strict serializability. The impossibility result holds even for systems that store only two objects (and support at least two servers and at least four clients). It also holds for systems that are partially replicated. Our result justifies the design choices of state-of-the-art distributed transactional systems and insists that system designers should not put more effort to design fully-functional systems that support both fast read transactions and ensure causal or any stronger form of consistency.
First test of Lorentz violation with a reactor-based antineutrino experiment (2012)

We present a search for Lorentz violation with 8249 candidate electron antineutrino events taken by the Double Chooz experiment in 227.9 live days of running. This analysis, featuring a search for a sidereal time dependence of the events, is the first test of Lorentz invariance using a reactor-based antineutrino source. No sidereal variation is present in the data and the disappearance results are consistent with sidereal time independent oscillations. Under the Standard-Model Extension, we set the first limits on 14 Lorentz violating coefficients associated with transitions between electron and tau flavor, and set two competitive limits associated with transitions between electron and muon flavor.
An incremental compilation algorithm for the Java programming language (2012)

The compiler transforms source code into object code. The incremental compiler is smarter than the batch compiler. When the programmer changes some source code files in the project. It does not need to recompile all source code files in the project and only needs to recompile changed source code files and all source code files directly and indirectly dependent on the changed source code files. This paper proposes an incremental compilation algorithm for the Java programming language. It overcomes the shortcomings of the make tool. It does not need to construct and maintain the makefile manually. The incremental compilation algorithm automatically collects and maintains the dependency rules. It also analyzes the effect of change types and eliminates unnecessarily recompilation process.
pH-Dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. Part 12. Flavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, and 7-methoxyflavone (1981)

Flavone is found to be non-fluorescent in neutral aqueous solution, but strongly fluorescent in sulphuric acid. The pKa(S1) value of its conjugated acid was calculated from ground-state data and is found to be in poor agreement with the pKa value obtained from a plot of fluorescence intensity versus Hammett acidity. This is interpreted in terms of rapid intersystem crossing to the triplet state, before a prototropic process can take place. Conversely, 7-hydroxyflavone is found to be fluorescent in its neutral, conjugate acid, and conjugate base form. Excited state pKa values have been obtained from Förster–Weller calculations and from fluorescence titration curves, but are in poor agreement. 7-Hydroxyflavone undergoes adiabatic photodissociation in its S1 state and forms an exciplex (or a phototautomer) in pH 3 to Ho–3 solution, and similarly in acidified methanol. Fluorescence quantum yields are given for alkaline, neutral, and acidic solutions. Compared with 7-hydroxycoumarins, flavones are only weakly fluorescent in alkaline solution. This behaviour is explained by the small energy difference between the S1 and T1 states giving rise to more efficient intersystem crossing. To demonstrate the dynamic nature of excited state proton transfer processes and the involvement of water molecules in quenching processes, deuteriation experiments have been performed. Drastic changes are found in both fluorescence intensity and shape of the curves.
P-019 The Plavix Conundrum: Determining Who Will Respond to Plavix (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There has been increasing use of dual antiplatelet therapy in neuroendovascular procedures due to the advent of more versatile stents and flow diverters. The cardiac literature suggests that approximately 30% of patients are resistant to Plavix. Multiple studies have suggested that an inappropriate response to Plavix is related to increased risk of embolic complication. Predicting which patients will respond to Plavix would be beneficial and time saving, particularly in urgent scenarios. We sought to determine if there were any factors which could predict responsiveness to Plavix therapy. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective analysis of 82 patients who were started on aspirin and Plavix dual therapy in preparation for placement of stent placement for aneurysm treatment. A chart review was conducted in order to determine lab values. A PRU ≤ 170 was defined as a Plavix responder. <h3>Results</h3> 82 patients who had been started on aspirin and Plavix dual therapy were identified. Seven patients were loaded for an urgent procedure and these patients were excluded from the remainder of the evaluation. Twenty three (31%) of patients were found to be resistant to Plavix with a PRU &gt; 170 and nine patients (12%) were found to be hyperresponsive (PRU &lt; 40). Women were three times more likely to be nonresponders when compared to men (35% vs 11%, p = 0.05). There was no difference in hyperresponsiveness between the two genders (11% vs 17% (p = 0.7)). Prior cardiac studies have suggested that a larger mean platelet volume (MPV) may be associated with Plavix nonresponsiveness. This cohort was divided into quartiles based on the MPV prior to Plavix administration. The average PRU increased as the MPV increased between the quartiles (Figure 1). A subgroup of female patients was then further analyzed in order to determine if any value was predictive of platelet responsiveness. A MPV prior to Plavix initiation of ≥10.0 was found to be associated with Plavix nonresponsiveness. Five of 23 patients (22%) who had a MPV &lt; 10.0 were found to be nonresponders compared to 12 of 22 patients (55%) who had a MPV ≥ 10.0 (p = 0.03) (Figure 2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Determining which factors play a role in plavix responsiveness will become more essential to the endovascular neurosurgeon as a wide variety of stents continue to be used. This data suggests that women are more likely than men to be nonresponders (35% vs 11%, p = 0.05) and that a MPV ≥ 10.0 was associated with nonresponsiveness. Larger studies are needed however it may be reasonable to consider starting an alternative antiplatelet agent in female patients with MPV ≥ 10.0 in urgent situations. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>A. Paul:</b> None. <b>J. Dalfino:</b> None. <b>J. Yamamoto:</b> None. <b>A. Boulos:</b> None.
Development and Function of NK and T Cells in AML Patients after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT). (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Hsp70 was frequently found on the plasma membrane of bone marrow-derived leukemic blasts, but not on normal bone marrow cells. Hsp70 membrane expression could be correlated with protection against therapy-induced apoptosis (Nylandsted et al 2004). In contrast, these tumor cells have been found to be highly sensitive to the cytolytic attack mediated by NK cells. In vitro, Hsp70-activated NK cells efficiently lysed autologous Hsp70 membrane-positive leukemic blasts (Gehrmann et al 2003). Granzyme B release served as a surrogate marker for estimating the cytolytic response of NK cells against Hsp70 membrane-positive tumor target cells (Gross et al 2003). Here, we studied the development of NK and T cells in AML patients (n=6) after allogeneic SCT at different time points (days 14–20, 45, 90, 180, 1 year) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Methods: HLA class I, HLA-E and Hsp70 surface expression was determined on all patient-derived leukemic blasts of the bone marrow by flow cytometry. The amount of NK and T cells was investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using CD3/ CD16 and CD56 and CD94/ CD56 antibody-combinations detecting NK cell specific markers. Effector cell function was tested in a granzyme B ELISPOT assay against patient-derived leukemic blasts and K562 cells. Results: All tested leukemic blasts were positive for HLA class I, HLA-E, and Hsp70. After induction therapy the amount of CD3-negative, CD56/CD94-positive NK cells was 28±16%, that of CD3-positive T cells was 58±3%. On days 14–21 after allogeneic SCT, 58±9% of the donor-derived peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were CD3-negative, CD56/CD94-positive NK cells; the amount of CD3-positive T cells was 26±7.5%. On day 45, the amount of NK cells further increased up to 68±7.9%; that of T cells further decreased down to 16±5.6%. On day 90 and day 180 the amount of NK cells was still 41±10%; that of T cells was 29±12%. Interestingly, high NK cell counts correlated with an increased cytolytic response against leukemic blast and K562 cells. One year after allogeneic SCT, NK (20±1%) and T cell (52±18%) ratios were comparable to that of healthy human individuals. Conclusions: Between days 14 and 180 after allogeneic SCT, the amount of NK cells was significantly elevated if compared to that of T cells. Concomitantly, cytolytic function against leukemic blasts was significantly elevated. Normal levels, in the composition of NK and T cells were reached 1 year after SCT. Project funded by EU-TRANS-EUROPE grant QLK3-CT-2002-01936.
Spontaneous Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a Patient With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV-Case Report- (2004)

A 30-year-old female complained of sudden onset of severe proptosis, chemosis, diplopia, and bruit. Right carotid angiography showed a high-flow direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) draining into the engorged superior ophthalmic vein, inferior petrosal sinus, and pterygoid plexus. The patient experienced retroperitoneal bleeding from a ruptured right renal artery after undergoing cerebral angiography. We suspected Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV, which was confirmed by showing cultured fibroblasts failed to secrete procollagen type III. Endovascular surgery cannot be considered the treatment method of choice in view of the fragility of the arteries and veins in patients with EDS type IV. We treated our patient with extracranial internal carotid artery ligation. Currently, there is no ideal treatment for CCF in patients with EDS type IV. Since CCF is rarely life-threatening, the investigative approach and course of treatment must consider the associated vascular fragility.
A New Mononuclear Iron(III) Complex Containing a Peroxocarbonate Ligand (2002)

Stabilisierung eines Peroxocarbonatliganden durch Bildung eines fünfgliedrigen Chelatrings: Durch Reaktion eines Bis(μ-hydroxo)dieisen(III)-Komplexes mit H2O2 und CO2 wurde der einkernige Komplex 1 synthetisiert, der erste kristallographisch charakterisierte Übergangsmetallkomplex mit einem Peroxocarbonatliganden. Die Bildung der Peroxocarbonateinheit in 1 erfolgt durch nucleophile Addition eines Peroxidions an CO2. Hqn=Chinaldinsäure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Recent advance in fish neuroendocrinology (2008) (2008)

International audience
Abstract C43: The impact of ADAM-9 protease activity on invasiveness of gastric cancer. (2011)

Abstract ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase)-9 is a cell-surface membrane glycoprotein, which enables diverse roles in a wide range of cellular process. Over-expression of ADAM-9 has been reported in several cancers but its biological role remained to be clarified in gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the possible involvement of ADAM-9 related to invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. We also evaluated its possibility as a therapeutic target for anti-metastasis treatment. We examined transcription and expression pattern of ADAM-9 in 24 gastric cancer cell lines. ADAM-9 protease activity was measured using fluoregenic ADAM-9 substrate (R&amp;D systems). We conducted trans-well assay coated with matrigel to associate ADAM-9 expression with invasion activity. A specific anti-ADAM-9 monoclonal antibody (RAV-18, Macrogenics, Inc.) was used to evaluate its anti-invasion property. And then, to evaluate the ADAM-9 protease activity in vivo, MKN-28, one of high ADAM-9 cell lines, was subcutaneously inoculated in flank of mice. The IP of mice were injected with or without RAV-18. The protein expression and protease activity of ADAM-9 was various by each cell line. The protease activities were moderately correlated with the protein expressions (mature form) (R2 = 0.49). ADAM-9 protease activity was decreased dose-dependently on RAV-18 treatment, being remarkable in the cells of high ADAM-9 expression (SNU-638, YCC-1, MKN-74 and MKN-28) compared with low expressing cells (YCC-6, YCC-7 and HS-746T). Baseline level of invasiveness was poorly correlated with ADAM-9 expression, but in high ADAM-9 cells, the administration of RAV-18 significantly suppressed invasiveness, while not in low ADAM-9 cells. Exposure to hypoxia (1% O2, 5% CO2, 37°C) up-regulated protease activity and invasiveness in low ADAM-9 cells, and these were suppressed dose-dependently by the treatment of RAV-18. RAV-18 inhibited ERK phosphorylation in high ADAM-9 cells, which suggests that that ADAM-9-related invasiveness depends on its protease activity and it is, at least partially, via MAPK pathway. In vivo, the tumor volume of mice of RAV-18 treated group (n=7) was smaller than control group (n=7). As in vitro results, EGFR and Erk phosphorylation were reduced in RAV-18 treated group than control group. This study shows that ADAM-9 is upregulated in gastric cancer, and that ADAM-9 might be a plausible target for therapeutic inhibition of invasion/metastatic process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C43.
Retinex processing for automatic image enhancement (2004)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Silver(I) ion catalysis of benzyne cycloadditions (1971)

The marked alterations in product distributions in benzyne cycloadditions catalysed by Ag+ are shown to be consistent with a generalized electrophilic scheme which is formally the reverse of that in the oxidative addition of Ag+ to strained σ bonds.
Characteristic model based micro-grid equivalent modeling (2014)

With the development of distributed and micro-grid technology, more and more micro-grid will connect into the power system. The dynamic simulation of distributed network should consider the affection of micro-grid. This paper proposes a micro-grid equivalent modeling method based on the characteristic model. The characteristic model can simplify the detailed model of micro-grid without missing the characteristic information under connected mode. Characteristic model is presented by a low-order time-varying difference equation and the difference equations are equal to the micro-grid dynamic characteristic. Voltage and power of the Point of Common Couple(PCC) are collected for the input and output of the characteristic model respectively. Recursive damped least square algorithm is used for the parameter estimation and the measured vector is normalized for improving the convergence of the algorithm. An micro-grid system is built for the simulation of micro-grid in DIgSILENT, and simulation results show that the dynamic equivalent based on characteristic model can well describe the dynamic characteristic of the detailed model of micro-grid, and the modeling method is validity.
Quercetin increased bioavailability and decreased methylation of green tea polyphenols in vitro and in vivo (2012)

The extensive methylation of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) in vivo may limit their chemopreventive potential. We investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), will differentially increase the intracellular concentration and decrease the methylation of GTPs in different cancer cell lines. Intrinsic COMT activity was lowest in lung cancer A549 cells, intermediate in kidney 786-O cells and highest in liver HepG2 cells. Quercetin increased the cellular absorption of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) four-fold in A549 cells with a decreased methylation rate from 63 to 19%, 2-fold in 786-O cells with a decreased methylation from 97% to 56%, while no significant effect was observed in HepG2 cells. The combination significantly decreased the activity and protein expression of COMT and decreased the protein expression of MRP1 compared to individual treatments. The combination exhibited the strongest increase in antiproliferation in A549 cells, an intermediate effect in 786-O cells and lowest effect in HepG2 cells. The effect of quercetin on bioavailability and metabolism of GTPs was confirmed in vivo. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were administered brewed green tea (GT) and a diet supplemented with 0.4% quercetin alone or in combination for 2 weeks. We observed a 2- to 3-fold increase of total and non-methylated EGCG in lung and kidney and an increasing trend in liver. In summary, combining quercetin with GT provides a promising approach to enhance the chemoprevention of GT. Responses of different cancers to the combination may vary by tissue depending on the intrinsic COMT and MRP activity.