gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real‐life activity of eribulin mesylate among metastatic breast cancer patients in the multicenter national observational ESME program (2019)

Eribulin mesylate (EM) was recently approved for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) chemotherapy (CT) in late lines by the FDA, with debated results in second line. We evaluated outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving EM as second, third and fourth line in a national real-life cohort of 16,703 consecutive MBC patients initiating their first metastatic therapeutic line between 2008 and 2014. Primary and secondary objectives were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). An imbalance was seen for HER2+ tumors and concomitant anti-HER2 targeted therapies use, we thus performed a subanalysis in HER2- patients. PFS and OS were significantly better in EM patients in third and fourth lines, compared to "Other chemotherapies" patients (PFS: 4.14 vs. 3.02 months, p = 0.0010; 3.61 vs. 2.53 months, p = 0.0102, third and fourth-line; OS: 11.27 vs. 7.65 months, p = 0.0001; 10.91 vs. 5.95 months, p < 0.0001, third and fourth-line). No significant difference was reported in second-line (PFS: 5.06 vs. 4.14 months, p = 0.1171; OS: 13.99 vs. 11.66 months, p = 0.151). Among HER2- patients, a significant difference was seen for all lines, including 2nd-line (PFS: 4.57 vs. 3.91 months, p = 0.0379; OS: 14.98 vs. 10.51 months, p = 0.0113). In this large real-world database, HER2-negative MBC patients receiving EM in second or later CT line presented significantly better PFS and OS. This difference disappeared in second line in the overall population, probably because of the imbalance in HER2-targeted treatments use. Our results mirror those of the published randomized trials. The effect of anti-HER2 therapies addition in this setting still needs to be defined.
The Texas Spoofing Test Battery: Toward a Standard for Evaluating GPS Signal Authentication Techniques (2018)

A battery of recorded spoofing scenarios has been compiled&#13;\nfor evaluating civil Global Positioning System (GPS) signal&#13;\nauthentication techniques. The battery can be considered&#13;\nthe data component of an evolving standard meant to&#13;\ndefine the notion of spoof resistance for commercial GPS&#13;\nreceivers. The setup used to record the scenarios is described.&#13;\nA detailed description of each scenario reveals&#13;\nreadily detectable anomalies that spoofing detectors could target to improve GPS security
Influência das correntes de soldagem do processo plasma-MIG sobre a geometria do cordão de solda e taxa de fusão do arame (2009)

Uma das versões do processo Plasma-MIG consiste basicamente da combinação de um arco Plasma com um arco MIG/MAG em uma única tocha. Com essa associação, se procura unir vantagens individuais de cada arco. A principal característica consiste na independência entre o aporte de energia imposto pelo processo e o material adicionado, resultando em uma maior facilidade em atuar sobre a geometria do cordão de solda. Na literatura corrente existem poucas informações relacionadas com o processo, além de que a maioria remota principalmente das décadas de 70 e 80, quando a tecnologia disponível não era capaz de viabilizar o processo para a indústria da época. No entanto, nos últimos anos, a difusão das novas fontes eletrônicas utilizadas em soldagem contribuiu na retomada do interesse pelo processo Plasma-MIG. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou ampliar os estudos relacionados à influência do balanço das correntes Plasma e MIG/MAG sobre a geometria do cordão de solda e taxa de fusão do arame. Soldagens de simples deposição sobre chapa forma realizadas com uma combinação de corrente de Plasma e de MIG/MAG em 3 níveis cada, mantendo-se, pela correção da velocidade de soldagem, o mesmo volume de cordão. Foi observado que a introdução da corrente Plasma sobre a corrente MIG/MAG reduz a penetração e a diluição e proporciona cordões menos convexos. Por outro lado, o uso da corrente Plasma faz aumentar a taxa de fusão do arame MIG/MAG. Entretanto, parece que a intensidade da corrente Plasma não é o fator governante nestas alterações.
Nonlinear Elastic Constitutive Relations of Auxetic Honeycombs (2009)

When designing a flexible structure consisting of cellular materials, it is important to find the maximum effective strain of the cellular material resulting from the deformed cellular geometry and not leading to local cell wall failure. In this paper, a finite in-plane shear deformation of auxtic honeycombs having effective negative Poisson’s ratio is investigated over the base material’s elastic range. An analytical model of the inplane plastic failure of the cell walls is refined with finite element (FE) micromechanical analysis using periodic boundary conditions. A nonlinear constitutive relation of honeycombs is obtained from the FE micromechanics simulation and is used to define the coefficients of a hyperelastic strain energy function. Auxetic honeycombs show high shear flexibility without a severe geometric nonlinearity when compared to their regular counterparts.
A New Lignan and Four New Lignan Glycosides from Mananthes patentiflora (2006)

Abstract A new lignan, 5‐hydroxyjusticidin A (= 9‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐5‐hydroxy‐4,6,7‐trimethoxynaphtho[2,3‐ c ]furan‐1(3 H )‐one; 1 ), and four new diphyllin‐type lignan glycosides, mananthosides C–F ( 2 – 5 ), containing glucosyl (Glc), arabinosyl (Ara), galactosyl (Gal), and/or apiosyl residues, have been isolated from Mananthes patentiflora , together with five known compounds. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by in‐depth 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, as well as MS analysis.
Cotransplantation of human stromal cell progenitors into preimmune fetal sheep results in early appearance of human donor cells in circulation and boosts cell levels in bone marrow at later time points after transplantation (2000)

Both in utero and postnatal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation would benefit from the development of approaches that produce increased levels of engraftment or a reduction in the period of time required for reconstitution. We used the in utero model of human-sheep HSC transplantation to investigate ways of improving engraftment and differentiation of donor cells after transplantation. We hypothesized that providing a more suitable microenvironment in the form of human stromal cell progenitors simultaneously with the transplanted human HSC would result in higher rates of engraftment or differentiation of the human cells in this xenogeneic model. The results presented here demonstrate that the cotransplantation of both autologous and allogeneic human bone marrow-derived stromal cell progenitors resulted in an enhancement of long-term engraftment of human cells in the bone marrow of the chimeric animals and in earlier and higher levels of donor cells in circulation both during gestation and after birth. By using marked stromal cells, we have also demonstrated that injected stromal cells alone engraft and remain functional within the sheep hematopoietic microenvironment. Application of this method to clinical HSC transplantation could potentially lead to increased levels of long-term engraftment, a reduction in the time for hematopoietic reconstitution, and a means of delivery of foreign genes to the hematopoietic system.
Blood group antigens reveal their maker (2008)

Tfr1 expression is increased across a wide range of cancer cells. Previous work had demonstrated that the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc activates Tfr1 transcription through a conserved c-Myc binding site also located within the first intron of the Tfr-1 gene. 4 Having elegantly demonstrated a role for STAT5 in regulation of Tfr1 expression in erythroid cells, Zhu et al leave us to ponder the role of STAT5 in GASing up other cell types that require iron for proliferation.
The Mechanism at Work in 40 MHz Discharge SiH4/NH3/N2 Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of SiNx Films at Very High Rates (1998)

This paper reports a study on the mechanism involved in depositing SiN x films at very high rates by using 40 MHz discharge SiH 4 /NH 3 /N 2 plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The quality of the films is comparable to that of films deposited at low rates at a conventional 13.56 MHz frequency. From film deposition experiments, plasma diagnostic studies, and analytical calculation for both frequencies, we have found that the mechanism of depositing SiN x films at very high rates with a 40 MHz discharge can be explained by the higher dissociation efficiency of both NH 3 gas and SiH 4 gas than at a conventional 13.56 MHz. We also report the performance of a thin film transistor (TFT), applicable to LCD switching devices, that was fabricated with SiN x film deposited at the high rate of 350 nm/min with a 40 MHz frequency.
An X‐to‐Ka band MMIC up‐converter in GaAs pHEMT technology for Ka‐band broadband satellite communications (2014)

ABSTRACT In this article, an X‐band to Ka‐band up‐converter circuit designed for the transmitting chain of Satcom‐on‐the‐move terminals is presented. The circuit is implemented using a 0.25 µm GaAs pHEMT microwave monolithic integrated circuit commercial process. It operates at fixed LO frequency of 22 GHz, IF input frequency within the band (8–9) GHz and corresponding RF output frequency within (30–31) GHz band. The up‐converter circuit is composed of a resistive FET mixer, a K‐band LO buffer amplifier, and a Ka‐band medium power amplifier at the RF output. The bias operating condition of the entire multifunction chip is Vdd = 2.8 V, Idq = 322 mA, for a power consumption of 900 mW, when the Ka‐band high power amplifier (HPA) operates in linear conditions. The chip dimensions are 3.4 × 2.8 mm 2 . The up‐converter provides more than 12 dB conversion gain over the full bandwidth, when operated with LO input power of 0 dBm and IF fixed input power of −5 dBm. It also achieves 25 dBc of LO isolation at the RF output port. The high 1 dB compression point P1dB &gt; 19 dBm, along with an OTOI in excess of 29 dBm, make the circuit suitable to directly drive Ka‐band high power amplifiers in very linear operating conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2649–2656, 2014
A Survey on Detection Techniques for Cryptographic Ransomware (2019)

Crypto-ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts user files, deletes the original data, and asks for a ransom to recover the hijacked documents. It is a cyber threat that targets both companies and residential users, and has spread in recent years because of its lucrative results. Several articles have presented classifications of ransomware families and their typical behaviour. These insights have stimulated the creation of detection techniques for antivirus and firewall software. However, because the ransomware scene evolves quickly and aggressively, these studies quickly become outdated. In this study, we surveyed the detection techniques that the research community has developed in recent years. We compared the different approaches and classified the algorithms based on the input data they obtain from ransomware actions, and the decision procedures they use to reach a classification decision between benign or malign applications. This is a detailed survey that focuses on detection algorithms, compared to most previous studies that offer a survey of ransomware families or isolated proposals of detection algorithms. We also compared the results of these proposals.
Foam-Film-Stabilized Liquid Bridge Networks in Evaporative Lithography and Wet Granular Matter (2013)

Evaporative lithography using latex particle templates is a novel approach for the self-assembly of suspension-dispersed nanoparticles into ordered microwire networks. The phenomenon that drives the self-assembly process is the propagation of a network of interconnected liquid bridges between the template particles and the underlying substrate. With the aid of video microscopy, we demonstrate that these liquid bridges are in fact the border zone between the underlying substrate and foam films vertical to the substrate, which are formed during the evaporation of the liquid from the suspension. The stability of the foam films and thus the liquid bridge network stability are due to the presence of a small amount of surfactant in the evaporating solution. We show that the same type of foam-film-stabilized liquid bridge network can also propagate in 3D clusters of spherical particles, which has important implications for the understanding of wet granular matter.
Draft Genome Sequence of Criibacterium bergeronii gen. nov., sp. nov., Strain CCRI-22567 T , Isolated from a Vaginal Sample from a Woman with Bacterial Vaginosis (2016)

Criibacterium bergeronii gen. nov., sp. nov., CCRI-22567 is the type strain of the new genus Criibacterium The strain was isolated from a woman with bacterial vaginosis. The genome assembly comprised 2,384,460 bp, with 34.4% G+C content. This is the first genome announcement of a strain belonging to the genus Criibacterium.
Oxidation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid to Oxindole-3-Acetic Acid by an Enzyme Preparation from Zea mays (1988)

Indole-3-acetic acid is oxidized to oxindole-3-acetic acid by Zea mays tissue extracts. Shoot, root, and endosperm tissues have enzyme activities of 1 to 10 picomoles per hour per milligram protein. The enzyme is heat labile, is soluble, and requires oxygen for activity. Cofactors of mixed function oxygenase, peroxidase, and intermolecular dioxygenase are not stimulatory to enzymic activity. A heat-stable, detergent-extractable component from corn enhances enzyme activity 6- to 10-fold. This is the first demonstration of the in vitro enzymic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid to oxindole-3-acetic acid in higher plants.
Electrically Facilitated Molecular Transport. Analysis of the Relative Contributions of Diffusion, Migration, and Electroosmosis to Solute Transport in an Ion-Exchange Membrane (2000)

Electrically facilitated molecular transport in an ion-exchange membrane (Nafion, 1100 equiv wt) has been studied using a scanning electrochemical microscope. The transport rates of ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium (a cation), acetaminophen (a neutral molecule), and ascorbate (an anion) through approximately 120-micron-thick membranes were measured as a function of the iontophoretic current passed across the membrane (-1.0 to +1.0 A/cm2). Transport rates were analyzed by employing the Nernst-Planck equation, modified to account for electric field-driven convective transport. Excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical values of the molecular flux was obtained using a single fitting parameter for each molecule (electroosmotic drag coefficient). The electroosmotic velocity of the neutral molecule, acetaminophen, was shown to be a factor of approximately 500 larger than that of the cation ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium, a consequence of the electrostatic interaction of the cation with the negatively charged pore walls of the ion-exchange membrane. Electroosmotic transport of ascorbate occurred at a negligible rate due to repulsion of the anion by the cation-selective membrane. These results suggest that electroosmotic velocities of solute molecules are determined by specific chemical interactions of the permeant and membrane and may be very different from the average solution velocity. The efficiency of electroosmotic transport was also shown to be a function of the membrane thickness, in addition to membrane/solute interactions.
The Acquisition of the scr Gene Cluster Encoding Sucrose Metabolization Enzymes Enables Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus to Utilize Sucrose as Carbon Source (2021)

Most strains of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> are unable to utilize sucrose as carbon source, though few exceptions exist. We investigated a sucrose-positive <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and confirmed the presences of a genomic island containing sucrose utilization genes. A 4.7 kb DNA cluster consisting of three genes: <i>scrA</i> encoding a sucrose uptake protein, <i>scrK</i> encoding a fructokinase, and <i>scrB</i> coding for a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase, was PCR amplified and inserted into the <i>Vibrio/Escherichia coli</i> shuttle vector pVv3. Two recombinant plasmids, only differing in the orientation of the insert with respect to the pVv3-<i>lacZ</i>α-fragment, conferred the <i>E. coli</i> K12 transformants the ability to utilize sucrose. The introduction of the two plasmids into sucrose-negative <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and <i>V. vulnificus</i> strains also results in a change of the sucrose utilization phenotype from negative to positive. By performing a multiplex PCR targeting <i>scrA, scrK</i>, and <i>scrB</i>, 43 <i>scr</i>-positive <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolates from our collection of retail strains were detected and confirmed to be able to use sucrose as carbon source. Strains unable to utilize the disaccharide were negative by PCR for the <i>scr</i> genes. For <i>in-depth</i> characterization, 17 sucrose-positive <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were subjected to WGS. A genomic island with a nucleotide identity of >95% containing <i>scrA, scrB, scrK</i> and three additional coding sequences (CDS) were identified in all strains. The additional genes were predicted as a gene coding for a transcriptional regulator (<i>scrR</i>), a porin encoding gene and a CDS of unknown function. Sequence comparison indicated that the genomic island was located in the same region of the chromosome II in all analyzed <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strains. Structural comparison of the genomes with sequences of the sucrose utilizing species <i>V. alginolyticus</i> revealed the same genomic island, which indicates a possible distribution of this genetic structure by horizontal gene transfer. The comparison of all genome sequences based on SNP differences reveals that the presence of sucrose utilizing genes is found in genetically diverse <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strains and is not restricted to a subset of closely related strains.
FPGA-Based Accelerators of Deep Learning Networks for Learning and Classification: A Review (2018)

Due to recent advances in digital technologies, and availability of credible data, an area of artificial intelligence, deep learning, has emerged and has demonstrated its ability and effectiveness in solving complex learning problems not possible before. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in the image detection and recognition applications. However, they require intensive CPU operations and memory bandwidth that make general CPUs fail to achieve the desired performance levels. Consequently, hardware accelerators that use application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and graphic processing units have been employed to improve the throughput of CNNs. More precisely, FPGAs have been recently adopted for accelerating the implementation of deep learning networks due to their ability to maximize parallelism and their energy efficiency. In this paper, we review the recent existing techniques for accelerating deep learning networks on FPGAs. We highlight the key features employed by the various techniques for improving the acceleration performance. In addition, we provide recommendations for enhancing the utilization of FPGAs for CNNs acceleration. The techniques investigated in this paper represent the recent trends in the FPGA-based accelerators of deep learning networks. Thus, this paper is expected to direct the future advances on efficient hardware accelerators and to be useful for deep learning researchers.
Probing the Structural Determinants for the Function of Intracellular Loop 2 in Structurally Cognate G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (2010)

Intracellular loop 2 (IL2) in G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is functionally important, e.g., in binding to G-protein and β-arrestin. Differences in secondary structure of IL2 in the crystal structures of the very similar β(1)- and β(2)-adrenergic receptors (β(1)AR and β(2)AR, respectively), i.e., an α-helix and an L-shaped strand, respectively, emphasize the need to understand the structural basis for IL2 functionality. We studied the properties of IL2 in the context of experimental data using a Monte Carlo-based ab initio method. The procedure was validated first by verifying that the IL2 structures in β(1)AR and β(2)AR crystals were correctly reproduced, even after conformational ensemble searches at >1200 K where most secondary structure had been lost. We found that IL2 in β(1)AR and β(2)AR sampled each other's conformation but adopted different energetically preferred conformations, consistent with the crystal structures. The results indicate a persistent contextual preference for the structure of IL2, which was conserved when the IL2 sequences were interchanged between the receptors. We conclude that the protein environment, more than the IL2 sequence, regulates the IL2 structures. We extended the approach to the molecular model of 5-HT(2A)R for which no crystal structure is available and found that IL2 is predominantly helical, similar to IL2 in β(1)AR. Because the P3.57A mutation in IL2 had been shown to decrease β-arrestin binding and internalization, we predicted the effects of the mutation and found that it decreased the propensity of IL2 to form helix, identifying the helical IL2 as a component of the GPCR active form.
Finite element analysis of changes in tensile strain and deformation by airbag impact in eyes of various axial lengths (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Airbags have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity, while ocular injuries caused by airbags have been reported. We applied a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model we have established for evaluation of the deformation of an intact eyeball of various axial lengths induced by an airbag impact at various impact velocities.Methods: A model human eye we have created was used in simulations with an FEA program, PAM-GENERIS TM (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). The airbag was set to impact eyes with various axial lengths of 21.85 mm (hyperopia), 23.85 mm (emmetropia) and 25.85 mm (myopia), at initial velocities of 30, 40, 50 and 60 m/s. Changes in the shape of the eye and the strain induced were calculated. Deformation of the eye in a cross-sectional view was displayed sequentially in slow motion.Results: We found that considerable damage, such as corneal or scleral lacerations, was observed especially at higher impact velocities, such as 50 or 60 m/s, in eyes with any axial length. Deformation was most evident in the anterior segment. The decrease rate of axial length was greatest in the hyperopic eye, followed by the myopic eye, and the emmetropic eye.Conclusions: It was shown that hyperopic eyes are most susceptible to deformation by an airbag impact in this simulation. The considerable deformation by an airbag impact on the eye during a traffic accident shown in this study might indicate the necessity of ocular protection to avoid permanent eye damage.
A software cost model with warranty and risk costs (1999)

In this paper, a cost model with warranty cost, time to remove each error detected in the software system, and risk cost due to software failure is developed. A software reliability model based on non-homogeneous Poisson process is used. The optimal release policies to minimize the expected total software cost are discussed. A software tool is also developed using Excel and Visual Basic to facilitate the task of determining the optimal software release time. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results.