gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underwater pulse discharge (UPD) and its technological applications (2002)

The numerical modeling of the explosion of thin metallic wires in water is considered. For cylindrical geometry the set of hydrodynamical equations was solved numerically using a real expression for the equation of state, and electrical conductivity. A comparison between calculation and experimental data was made based on the numerical results. changes of state for different parts of the discharge channel during UPD (underwater pulse discharge) on the phase diagram were examined. Finally, some technological units that use UPD energy are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expanded Graphite-Polyurethane Foams for Water–Oil Filtration (2019)

Herein, expanded graphite is successfully combined with waterborne polyurethane to develop porous foams with underwater oleophobic properties for the separation of surfactant-free, oil-in-water mixtures and emulsions. To obtain foams with different pore sizes and therefore with different performances in the oil-water filtration process, two solvent-free fabrication processes are adopted. In the first one, the expanded graphite granules are mixed with the waterborne polyurethane (PUEGr), and in the second method, calcium carbonate is introduced to the two-component mixture (PUEGr_t). In both cases, the obtained foams exhibit hydrophilicity and oleophilicity in air and oleophobicity underwater, and they have porous interconnected networks, while their pore size distribution differs significantly. The foams can be used as 3D filters, able to separate, through gravity, surfactant-free, oil-in-water mixtures (10% w/w oil in water) with high oil rejection efficiencies and flow rates that depend on the type of foam. In particular, in the gravity-driven filtration process using 100 mL of the feed liquid, the PUEGr foams have an oil rejection efficiency of 96.85% and flow rate of 9988 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>, while for the PUEGr_t foams the efficiency is higher (99.99%) and the flow rate is lower (8547 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) due to their smaller pore size. Although the PUEGr_t foams have slower separation performance, they are more efficient for the separation of surfactant-free emulsions (1% w/w oil in water) reaching an oil rejection efficiency of 98.28%, higher than the 95.66% of the PUEGr foams of the same thickness. The foams can be used for several filtration cycles, as well as in harsh conditions without deteriorating their performance. The nature of raw materials, the simple solvent-free preparation method, the effective gravity-driven filtration even in harsh conditions, and their reusability suggest that the herein engineered foams have great potential for practical applications in oil-water separation through highly energy-efficient filtration.
Heterocycles. 5. Oxazole N-oxides (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocycles. 5. Oxazole N-oxidesP. M. WeintraubCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 4, 419–420Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00274a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00274a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantification of the Lewis Basicities and Nucleophilicities of 1,3,5‐Tris(dialkylamino)benzenes (2021)

Abstract Equilibrium constants for the formation of Wheland complexes from 1,3,5‐tris(dialkylamino)benzenes and benzhydrylium ions (Ar 2 CH + ) have been determined photometrically in dichloromethane solution at 20 °C. The Lewis basicity of the ring carbons increases in the series trimorpholinobenzene&lt;tripiperidinobenzene&lt;tripyrrolidinobenzene. Wheland complexes, which are formed with equilibrium constants 10 2 &lt; K /M −1 &lt;10 6 in the reactions of triaminobenzenes with carbenium ions, show temperature‐dependent dynamic 1 H NMR spectra, due to rapid reverse reactions and recombination at different positions of the triaminobenzenes. Since the rates of the formation of the Wheland complexes are too high to be measured directly, they were calculated as the product of photometrically determined equilibrium constants and the rate constants for the reverse reactions, which were derived from the dynamic 1 H NMR spectra. The experimentally determined equilibrium and rate constants were in good agreement with the results of DFT calculations using the SMD solvent model. The calculations show that in all cases the Wheland complexes are thermodynamically more stable than the ammonium ions formed by attack of the benzhydrylium ions at the amino group of the title compounds, which explains the exclusive formation of Wheland complexes in thermodynamically controlled reactions. With nucleophilicity parameters in the range 10&lt; N &lt;15 the triaminobenzenes have comparable nucleophilic reactivities as enamines, silyl ketene acetals as well as stabilized phosphonium and sulfonium ylides.
Mapping the mental space of game genres (2007)

The gaming community currently uses an informal classification of games into genres such as first-person shooters, real-time strategy games, etc. While this classification is generally accepted, producing a more formal taxonomy of game types directly from data has several scholarly and commercial advantages. These include providing a basis for analysis of age- and gender-related data, statistically meaningful grouping in critical literature, improved game recommendations on retail websites, and better evaluation of a game's market potential before production.
Introduction to Gas-Turbine Engines (2006)

A gas turbine engine is a device that is designed to convert the thermal energy of a fuel into some form of useful power, such as mechanical (or shaft) power or a highspeed thrust of a jet. The engine consists, basically, of a gas generator and a power-conversion section, as shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2.
A Numerical Study of the Limited Memory BFGS Method and the Truncated-Newton Method for Large Scale Optimization (1991)

This paper examines the numerical performances of two methods for large-scale optimization: a limited memory quasi-Newton method (L-BFGS), and a discrete truncated-Newton method (TN). Various ways of classifying test problems are discussed in order to better understand the types of problems that each algorithm solves well. The L-BFGS and TN methods are also compared with the Polak–Ribière conjugate gradient method.
Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Orbital's Combustion Process Applied to Multi-Cylinder Automotive Direct Injected 4-Stroke Engines (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Orbital have been developing their stratified combustion process (Orbital Combustion Process OCP) for direct injection gasoline engines over the last 15 years, with successful production releases of the system in both the marine and automotive 2-stroke applications in 1996. This paper discusses how the same basic qualities of the air-assist fuel system and combustion process have been applied to automotive 4-stroke engines. The inherent qualities of the air- assist fuel system in combination with careful design of the combustion chamber has enabled high charge stratification with late injection timings and very stable combustion over a wide range of operating conditions. Experimental test data from a 4-cylinder, 16 valve 4-stroke development engine demonstrates the ability of this low pressure system to operate at very lean air/fuel ratios, with part load fuel economy improvements of up to 34 % at an operating condition equivalent to a vehicle speed of 40 km/hr.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results presented from steady state simulation of the New European Drive Cycle also demonstrate an overall base engine fuel economy improvement of over 20%, whilst achieving NOx emissions reductions of over 85% and HC emissions comparable to the baseline port injected (MPI) engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As a result of the combined NOx, fuel economy and HC control of the Orbital Combustion process, the authors have proposed an alternative exhaust aftertreatment strategy to the still unproven and expensive lean NOx catalyst options. In particular, steady state results show how the low raw emissions of the air-assisted DI system developed could enable a conventional 3-way catalyst system to be utilised to meet Stage 3 European emissions levels with a minimal impact on the DI fuel economy advantage.&lt;/div&gt;
RF Fingerprint detection in a wireless multipath channel (2010)

An RF Fingerprint is a unique signature passively imbued on a signal as it passes through a radio transmitter. We present the first RF Fingerprint detection technique capable of excellent performance in the presence of multipath propagation and the absence of a constant frequency offset. Our algorithm differs from previous work by performing joint channel estimation and classification on a steady state signal. The technique may be applied to any radio system with a repeated symbol sequence - such as a preamble. Our laboratory demonstrator is capable of distinguishing between the preamble signal transmitted by Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) user equipment. We report excellent results - in excess of 99 % for 20 different UMTS models in an indoor wireless environment.
Metepa as a Chemosterilant for the Adult Male Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana12 (1970)

Topical application of apholate on the 4th, 5th, and 6th larval stages and pupa of male Choristoneura furniferana (Clemens) resulted in high mortality, low mating success, and very little sterility. When the adult male moth was treated with metepa at a concentration of 35 µg/male, 100% sterility was achieved.
Three- and Four-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography and Venography for the Investigation of the Vascular Anatomy and Perfusion of Perforator Flaps (2008)

Novel techniques for acquiring both static and dynamic three-dimensional images of macrovascular and microvascular perforator flap anatomy using computed tomographic angiography have been described. This methodology has also allowed the sequential investigation of adjacent vascular territories. This can provide a better understanding of how perforator flaps and the skin are perfused and may aid in the future design of new flaps.
Fundamental Characteristic Estimation Based on Finite Element Method for Magnetic Shielding Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (1999)

The superconducting fault current limiter (SQFCL) is expected to be the first application of high-Tc superconductors (HTSs) in power systems. To develop a magnetic shielding type superconducting fault current limiter, we have carried out some fundamental experiments concerning the magnetic shielding characteristics of an HTS bulk cylinder. In this paper, the experimental results of magnetic flux penetration into Bi(2223) cylinder are shown. AC magnetic field is applied to the sample by a primary winding (copper coil) excited by AC triangular-and sinusoidal-waveform currents in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz. We also developed a Finite Element Method (FEM) computer program for evaluation of the dynamic electromagnetic behavior of the HTS cylinder in a time-varying external magnetic field. The results of computer simulations considering the voltage-current (E-J) characteristic are compared with experiments. Then we carried out a current-limiting test with a small limiter model, and the developed FEM computer program successfully simulated the electromagnetic behavior in the current-limiting operation.
Pyroelectric and electro-optic properties of sol-gel and dual ion beam sputtered PLZT thin films (2003)

The deposition of ferroelectric films using sol-gel and dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS) has been demonstrated. In the DIBS process, the presence of active oxygen has been found to be essential to the formation of perovskite PLZT (La-doped lead zirconate titanate) films. Electrooptic (EO) and pyroelectric effects have been observed in these films. A large quadratic EO efficient of 2.1*10/sup -16/ m/sup 2//V/sup 2/ was observed in reflection mode for PLZT (28/0/100), but this could not be repeated in a transmission mode, presumably because birefringence and thickness changes work in opposite senses. Peak pyroelectric coefficients of 400 mu mC/m/sup 2/K have been observed for PLZT (0/0/100) and (7/0/100) films. Sol-gel has produced PLZT (0/50/50) and (0/30/70) films with similar properties and has shown potential for film formation at temperatures as low as 450 degrees C. The results reported here are encouraging with respect to the goal of fully integrating uncooled infrared-detector elements on silicon readout circuitry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of Respirator Cartridge Performance Testing on the 702-AZ Primary Exhauster for the Hanford AY/AZ Tank Farms during a Waste-Disturbing Event (2020)

Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) conducted tests using two types of chemical cartridges for use in air-purifying respirators (APR) to determine the period of time that the cartridges would provide adequate performance1 for APRs used to protect workers when exposed to a mixture of Chemicals of Potential Concern (COPC) from vapors exiting the 702-AZ Primary Exhauster for the Hanford AY-AZ tank farms. Unlike prior cartridge testing on the 702-AZ Primary Exhauster, the recent tests were performed during a waste-disturbing event. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) identifies cartridge testing as a valid approach for establishing a cartridge change schedules [3]. Testing is commonly applied in situations where mixtures of COPCs exist, and where other approaches, such as manufacturer recommendations and modeling, are less reliable. The tests were designed and conducted to assure measurement and/or control of the key variables OSHA identified as important to estimate the cartridge service life, including temperature, humidity, COPC concentration, breathing rate, and cartridge adsorption capacity. Testing was conducted from February 10–11, 2017, on a slipstream from the 702-AZ exhauster fed to a respirator cartridge test stand developed by WRPS in collaboration with HiLine Engineering (Richland, Washington). Multipurpose respirator cartridges, SCOTT 7422-SD1 and SCOTT 7422-SC1 (SCOTT Safety, Monroe, North Carolina), were assessed on separate days. Sample media (sorbent tubes) and canisters (e.g., Summa) sampling were used to collect samples of the vapor stream entering and exiting the respirator cartridge and were subsequently analyzed for COPC concentrations. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was tasked with conducting an independent analysis of the analytical results and making recommendations based on the results for respiratory cartridge performance and service life.
Empirical Expression for Failure Strain in EBROG-Bonded FRP–Concrete Joints (2022)

This study proposes a relation for the failure strain of externally bonded reinforcement on groove (EBROG) joints derived through multivariate regression analysis on the experimental results. In addition to the conventional parameters of concrete compressive strength and groove dimensions studied as independent variables, a novel descriptor variable of great effect, called width of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet on a single groove, is also introduced for the first time. Using these descriptors and their variations, 27 specimens are strengthened via the EBROG method and subsequently subjected to the single lap-shear test. First, the proposed relation is assessed with respect to its goodness of fit using certain statistical indices, which reveals a good agreement between estimated and measured values. The relation is also verified in terms of its efficiency and accuracy through a comparison with a previous model using 65 specimens in three groups previously reported in the relevant literature. The comparisons indicate the superior accuracy of the proposed relation in estimating the failure strain of EBROG joints and its higher generality as compared to the rival model.
Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (2010)

Corneal CXL significantly improved corneal transparency, corneal thickness, and ocular pain 1 month postoperatively. However, it did not seem to have a long-lasting effect in decreasing pain and maintaining corneal transparency in patients with PBK.
Giant magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers (1991)

We report giant values of saturation magnetoresistance in sputtered antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers containing thin Co and Cu layers 8–10 Å thick. We discuss the key importance of the buffer layer in controlling the growth of flat Co and Cu layers. As shown by cross-section transmission electron microscopy high-quality structures are found for growth on Fe buffer layers. Such structures display saturation magnetoresistance at 300 K of more than 65% with saturation fields of ≂10 kOe. These values are several times larger than previously found for any magnetic material at room temperature.
Chemical synthesis of a bay-region polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tetrahydroepoxide-deoxyadenosine adduct and its site-specific incorporation into a DNA oligomer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical synthesis of a bay-region polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tetrahydroepoxide-deoxyadenosine adduct and its site-specific incorporation into a DNA oligomerMahesh K. Lakshman, Jane M. Sayer, and Donald M. JerinaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 17, 6589–6594Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00017a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00017a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of hyperosmolarity on ligand processing and receptor recycling in the hepatic galactosyl receptor system (1988)

Binding, endocytosis, and degradation of asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR) mediated by the galactosyl (Gal) receptor were examined in isolated rat hepatocytes in complete media supplemented with an osmolite. The specific binding of 125I-ASOR to cells at 4 degrees C was unaffected by up to 0.4 M sucrose or NaCl. Unlike sucrose or NaCl, mannitol stimulated 125I-ASOR binding at low concentrations but inhibited binding at higher concentrations. Continuous internalization at 37 degrees C, which requires receptor recycling, was completely blocked at 0.2 M sucrose or 0.15 M NaCl, corresponding in each case to a total osmolality of about 550 mmol/kg. This effect was reversed and endocytic function was restored by washing the cells, indicating that cell viability was unaffected. The rate of degradation of internalized 125I-ASOR was also inhibited by increasing sucrose concentrations. This inhibition is due to a block in the delivery of ligand to lysosomes and not an effect on degradation per se. In the presence of 0.2 M sucrose, the rate and extent of endocytosis of surface-bound 125I-ASOR were, respectively, 33.0 +/- 8.1% and 69.4 +/- 10.5% (n = 8) of the control without sucrose. Under these conditions, the dissociation of internalized receptor-ASOR complexes was completely inhibited. When sucrose was added, the effect on the endocytosis of surface-bound 125I-ASOR was virtually immediate. Previous studies showed that about 40% of the surface-bound 125I-ASOR which is internalized can return to the cell surface still bound to receptor (Weigel and Oka: J Biol Chem 259:1150, 1984). If 0.2 M sucrose was added after endocytosis occurred, 125I-ASOR still returned to the cell surface, although the rate and extent of return were inhibited by more than 50%. Interestingly, hyperosmolarity is the only treatment we have found which can reversibly inhibit, although only partially, the endocytosis of surface-bound 125I-ASOR.
The Impact of Diet Wheat Source on the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus—Lessons Learned from the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Model (2017)

Nutrition, especially wheat consumption, is a major factor involved in the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases such as celiac. While modern wheat cultivars possess similar gliadin proteins associated with the onset of celiac disease and T1D, alternative dietary wheat sources from Israeli landraces and native ancestral species may be lacking the epitopes linked with T1D, potentially reducing the incidence of T1D. The Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model was used to monitor the effects of dietary wheat sources on the onset and development of T1D. The effects of modern wheat flour were compared with those from either <i>T. aestivum</i>, <i>T. turgidum</i> spp. <i>dicoccoides</i>, or <i>T. turgidum</i> spp. <i>dicoccum</i> landraces or a non-wheat diet. Animals which received wheat from local landraces or ancestral species such as emmer displayed a lower incidence of T1D and related complications compared to animals fed a modern wheat variety. This study is the first report of the diabetogenic properties of various dietary wheat sources and suggests that alternative dietary wheat sources may lack T1D linked epitopes, thus reducing the incidence of T1D.
Encapsulation of heteropolyacids into metal organic frameworks (2010)

status: Published