gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse genetic background contributes to hepatocyte susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis (2016)

Liver disease progression is modulated by genetic modifiers in mouse strains and across human races and ethnicities. We hypothesized that hepatocyte culture duration and genetic background regulate hepatocyte susceptibility to apoptosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from FVB/N, C57BL/6, and C3H/He mice and cultured or treated with Fas ligand or acetaminophen after different culture times. Protein and mRNA expressions of Fas receptor, caspases-3/7/8, and Bak/Bax/Bid proteins were determined. FVB/N hepatocytes manifested rapid decreases of caspases-3/7 but not caspase-8 as culture time increased, which paralleled decreased susceptibility to apoptosis. Some changes were also found in Fas-receptor and Bak, Bax, and Bid proteins; caspase mRNA decreases were also noted. Caspase protein degradation was partially reversed by lysosomal protease but not proteasome or autophagy inhibitors. C57BL/6 and FVB/N hepatocytes behaved similarly in their limited susceptibility to apoptosis, whereas C3H/He hepatocytes show limited alterations in caspases, with consequent increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Similarly, C3H/He mice were more susceptible than C57BL/6 and FVB/N mice to Fas-mediated liver injury. Therefore there are significant mouse strain–dependent differences in susceptibility to apoptosis and selective loss of caspases upon short-term hepatocyte culture, with consequent decrease in susceptibility to apoptosis. These differences likely reflect genetic modifiers that provide resistance or predisposition to hepatocyte death.
Characteristics of Charging and Collection of 10-nm-Class Ultrafine Nanoparticles in an Electrostatic Precipitator (2011)

전기집진에서의 10 nm 급 초미세 나노입자의 하전 및 집진 특성을 파악하였고, 나노입자의 확산효과와 비교해 보았다. 나노입자의 하전율과 확산손실 효과의 지배력에 따라 전기집진기에서의 나노입자 집진효율이 결정되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 10nm 급 영역에서는 입자 크기가 작아질수록 지속적으로 집진효율이 감소하였다. 10 nm 이하의 영역에서는 나노입자의 부분적 하전효과가 전기집진기 내의 확산손실 효과보다 지배적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 10 nm 이하의 나노입자에 대하여 집진효율 실험 결과가 단극 확산 하전 이론을 적용한 입자하전율 계산 결과와도 잘 일치하였다.
Triiodoisocyanuric Acid: a New and Convenient Reagent for Regioselective Iodination of (2008)

Triiodoisocyanuric acid (TICA) was prepared in 90% yield by heating trichloroisocyanuric acid with iodine in a sealed tube. The reaction of TICA with activated arenes in acetonitrile led to an efficient and highly regioselective formation of the corresponding iodoarenes, in 73-93% isolated yield. Aniline and phenol are monoiodinated regioselectively using MeOH (53%) and CH 2 Cl 2 (88%) as solvents, respectively.
In vitro sun protection factor evaluation of sunscreen products (1993)

An in vitro method to evaluate sunscreen products for static sun protection factor (SPF) was investigated. Surgical adhesive tapes were used as substrates in a procedure modified from that originally described by Diffey and Robson, 1989. The modified technique utilized a 150-watt xenon arc solar simulator and an ultraviolet B radiometer. The in vitro SPF was calculated as the ratio of light transmission through untreated tape to that of sunscreen-treated tape and compared to SPFs determined in vivo. Correlation between in vivo and in vitro SPF data varied tremendously. The sources of error were attributed to the structure of the tape, absorption of the sunscreen active ingredients into the tape, and the detection limit of the radiometer used.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Hexafluoropropene: Synthesis of Hydrofluoroethers under Neutral Conditions (2005)

No vinyl ether by-products are formed in the palladium(0)-complex catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of hexafluoropropene (see scheme). Saturated hydrofluoroethers are selectively synthesized with alcohols or phenols under neutral conditions in the presence of [Pd(PPh3)4]/dppb. dppb=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462200_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Three-Dimensional Si Anodes with Fast Diffusion, High Capacity, High Rate Capability, and Long Cycle Life (2020)

There are many interfaces in conventional nanostructured silicon anodes for LIBs, including (1) the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), (2) interfaces between Si nanoparticles (NPs) and binders, and (3) interface between the current collector and active materials (CCAMI). Interfacial layers (e.g., graphene, activated carbon) coated on conventional Cu foil current collectors are often used to improve charge transfer and reduce CCAMI resistance. Indeed, our detailed studies show that the introduction of interfacial graphene layers results in an ∼20-60% increase in capacity after 500 cycles at 0.1 C. While the capacity is enhanced by inclusion of interfacial layers or conductive additives, they do not resolve problems associated with the diffusion of Li<sup>+</sup> ions in the anode. Such electrodes that cannot accommodate the fast diffusion of Li<sup>+</sup> ions are prone to plating. Here, we show that the use of freestanding and scalably produced carbon nanotube (CNT) Bucky paper or Bucky sandwich electrodes containing Si NPs (diameter of ∼100 nm) exhibits up to ∼1200 and 1900% increases in the gravimetric capacity after 500 cycles at 0.1 C, respectively, when discharged to 0.1 V. Using detailed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we show that the diffusion time constants in the Bucky paper and Bucky sandwich electrodes are increased by 2 orders of magnitude compared to that in the bare Cu foil. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Bucky paper and Bucky sandwich electrodes can withstand high rates up to 4 C and show long cycle life up to ∼500 cycles at 0.1 C. Finally, we show that the Bucky sandwich electrode architecture with smaller diameter Si NPs (∼30 nm) leads to capacities as high as ∼1490 mAh/g (∼1635 mAh/g) at 0.1 C up to 100 cycles when discharged to 0.1 V (0.01 V).
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO ONE AND TWO DOSES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS SUBUNIT VACCINE (1962)

Antibody studies were undertaken to evaluate the responses after one and two-dose schedules of influenza immunization with subunit influenza vaccine. The responses were studied in two adult population groups after the administration of a vaccine containing the most recent epidemic strains A/Pt Chalmers/73 and B/Hong Kong/8/73. Responses to the A component of the vaccine were greater than those to the B strain. Patients with initially low antibody levels responded better than those with higher levels. There was little additional benefit from the second dose of vaccine.
Successful Treatment with Tacrolimum for Skin Lesions in Amyopathic Dermatomyositis (2007)

69歳，女性。2005年6月より食欲低下，咳嗽，微熱，多発性関節痛を生じ，8月に全身性に暗赤色紅斑が出現した。ヘリオトロープ疹，Gottron徴候，間質性肺炎を認め，KL-6の上昇を伴ったが，筋原性酵素の上昇や筋症状を認めず，プレドニゾロン40mgにて紅斑は消退傾向となった。8月下旬より間質性肺炎の増悪があり，同時期に背部から腰部にかけて小膿疱が多発し，右2指化膿性伸筋腱炎，舌潰瘍，右肩部皮膚潰瘍，両側臀部皮下硬結と左臀部皮下硬結部に皮膚潰瘍を形成した。メチルプレドニゾロンのミニパルス療法を施行し，間質性肺炎は軽快しKL-6も減少傾向となったが，右肩部皮膚潰瘍，左臀部皮膚潰瘍が難治であったため，プレドニゾロンに加えγグロブリン大量療法，シクロホスファミドパルス療法，タクロリムス投与を行った。その結果皮膚潰瘍は縮小し右肩部，左臀部の皮膚潰瘍は縫縮術を施行した。肝機能悪化を認め薬剤性肝機能障害を疑い，タクロリムスを2ヵ月間中断していたところ，躯幹，四肢に紅斑が出没するようになり，2005年12月に紅斑が増強し再びKL-6の上昇がみられたため，タクロリムスを再開したところ，副作用の発現は無く皮疹は消退傾向を認め，又KL-6も徐々に低下しプレドニゾロンの減量が可能となった。このことからタクロリムスが本症例において有効であったと考えられた。
Removal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifacts from human ECG using an efficient matching pursuit-like algorithm (2002)

We present a computationally efficient and numerically robust solution to the problem of removing artifacts due to precordial compressions and ventilations from the human electrocardiogram (ECG) in an emergency medicine setting. Incorporated into automated external defibrillators, this would allow for simultaneous ECG signal analysis and administration of precordial compressions and ventilations, resulting in significant clinical improvement to the treatment of cardiac arrest patients. While we have previously demonstrated the feasibility of such artifact removal using a multichannel Wiener filter, we here focus on an efficient matching pursuit-like approach making practical real-time implementations of such a scheme feasible for a wide variety of sampling rates and filter lengths. Using more realistic data than what have been previously available, we present evidence showing the excellent performance of our approach and quantify its computational complexity.
Functional Significance of MMP3 and TIMP2 Polymorphisms in Cleft Lip/Palate (2014)

Evidence from biological and human studies strongly supports a role for MMP and TIMP genes as candidate genes for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). We previously showed the association of promoter polymorphisms in MMP3 (rs3025058 and rs522616) and TIMP2 (rs8179096) with NSCL/P. In this study, we examined the functional significance of these polymorphisms. A specific DNA-protein complex for MMP3 rs522616 A was detected, and this allele by itself showed greater promoter activity than the G allele. However, the effect of rs522616 was ultimately regulated by the rs3025058 allele on the background. For TIMP2 rs8179096, the T allele showed a 2.5-fold increase in promoter activity when compared with allele C, whereas both C and T alleles were found to bind to nuclear factor kappa B. Our results provide new evidence that promoter polymorphisms in MMP3 and TIMP2 are functional and may affect gene transcription with possible effects on craniofacial development leading to NSCL/P.
The Development and Validation of a New Thermodynamic Database for Aluminium Alloys (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Thermodynamic modeling Development of TCALl Thermodynamic calculations Kinetic simulation Kinetic simulation Summary
Heteroatom‐Free Arene‐Cobalt and Arene‐Iron Catalysts for Hydrogenations (2014)

75 years after the discovery of hydroformylation, cobalt catalysts are now undergoing a renaissance in hydrogenation reactions. We have evaluated arene metalates in which the low-valent metal species is--conceptually different from heteroatom-based ligands--stabilized by π coordination to hydrocarbons. Potassium bis(anthracene)cobaltate 1 and -ferrate 2 can be viewed as synthetic precursors of quasi-"naked" anionic metal species; their aggregation is effectively impeded by (labile) coordination to the various π acceptors present in the hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated molecules (alkenes, arenes, carbonyl compounds). Kinetic studies, NMR spectroscopy, and poisoning studies of alkene hydrogenations support the formation of a homogeneous catalyst derived from 1 which is stabilized by the coordination of alkenes. This catalyst concept complements the use of complexes with heteroatom donor ligands for reductive processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Mediated Isoquinoline Synthesis: Preparation and Stereochemical Characterization of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐phenylisoquinolines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and experimental verification of a CMOS adiabatic logic with single-phase power-clock supply (2002)

A new adiabatic CMOS logic that operates from a single-phase power-clock is presented. A simple and efficient power-clock generator is integrated with the logic to generate the required AC power-clock supply waveform. Circuit performance is evaluated using a chain of inverters realized in 1.2 /spl mu/m technology. Experimental results show energy savings comparable to other adiabatic logic families that require multiphase power-clocks.
A facile synthesis of 4'-thio-arabinonucleosides as potential antiviral agents from D-glucose. (1995)

As potential antiviral agents, 4'-thio-arabinonucleosides were synthesized. Methyl 3-O-benzyl-xylo-furanoside, readily obtained from D-glucose, was converted to 1,4-anhydro-4-deoxy-4-thio-arabinitol. The protection of hydroxyl groups and the Pummerer rearrangement, followed by Lewis acid induced glycosylation afforded 4'-thio-arabinonucleosides. The compounds showed anti HSV-1 activity.
Energy coupling between regions 1 and 2 Birkeland current systems (1982)

The principle of ring current shieldding and the concept that in an electrical circuit analogy the ring current can be treated as a pseudo‐Hall current flowing in parallel with the ionospheric Hall current are used here to develop a simple model for the electrical coupling between the applied potential Φ associated with the Region 1 currents, and the ring current, associated with the Region 2 currents. The approach yields a formula for the radial position of the inner edge of the ring current as a function of Φ, which agrees with similar formulas derived previously on the basis of different approaches. The model can be expressed in the language of electrical circuit theory as an applied potential Φ driving a nonlinear RL circuit, in which the resistance R results from dissipation in the ionosphere and the inductance L from the energy of compression stored in the ring current. The formulation lends itself to a determination of the relative amounts of energy that are dissipated in the ionosphere and stored in the ring current, according to the applied potential model. If the shielding time scale L/R and the energization (i.e., substorm) time scale are comparable, as observations indicate, roughly equal amounts of energy are expended on both elements. The analysis shows that AE type geomagnetic indexes and the Dst index should bear different functional relationships to that combination of solar wind parameters that is primarily responsible for geomagnetic activity.
Percutaneous, Intramuscular Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Shoulder Subluxation and Pain in Chronic Hemiplegia (2001)

This case report describes the first survivor with chronic stroke who was treated with percutaneous, intramuscular neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for shoulder subluxation and pain. The patient developed shoulder subluxation and pain within 2 mo of his stroke. After discharge from acute inpatient rehabilitation, he developed shoulder and hand pain, which was treated with subacromial bursa steroid injection and ibuprofen with eventual resolution. The patient remained clinically stable until approximately 15 mo after his stroke-when he developed severe shoulder pain associated with shoulder abduction, external rotation, and downward traction. The patient could not tolerate transcutaneous NMES because of the pain of stimulation. At approximately 17 mo post-stroke, the patient's posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and supraspinatus muscles were percutaneously implanted with intramuscular electrodes. After 6 wk of percutaneous, intramuscular NMES treatment, marked improvements in shoulder subluxation and pain, and modest improvements in activities of daily living and motor function were noted. One year after the onset of treatment, the patient remained pain free, but subluxation had recurred. However, the patient was able to volitionally reduce the subluxation by abducting his shoulder. The patient remained pain free for up to 40 mo after the initiation of percutaneous, intramuscular NMES treatment. This case report demonstrates the feasibility of using percutaneous, intramuscular NMES for treating shoulder subluxation and pain in hemiplegia.
Escaping from Swarms (2013)

Swarming behavior extends across multiple length scales in biology ranging from bacteria to whales. Swarms are affected differently by erratic, dissenting behavior, sometimes a swarm will follow an agent which changes directions, such as a school of fish when they are done feeding, while other times the swarm lets the individual leave the group while the swarm continues on its way, like a few birds leaving the flock to land in a tree. This research investigates the different universal swarm characteristics that can lead to these different kinds of behaviors. We model flocks with a finite number of agents utilizing a velocity alignment interaction and a Lennard-Jones potential, which provides both cohesive and repulsive interactions between neighboring agents. In the swarming regime of our model, an agent is selected at random to “escape” the flock, by choosing a particular direction to travel in, and no longer align with it's neighbors. We found that close to the swarming transition the escapee was unable to escape, while deeper in the swarming regime the swarm was more stable and the particle was able to escape with little effect on the rest of the swarm. Our research sheds light on the varied responses of swarms to internal dissent and suggests optimal strategies to escape or reorient swarms that exploit these responses.
A Novel Lumbar Motion Segment Classification to Predict Changes in Segmental Sagittal Alignment After Lateral Interbody Fixation (2017)

We propose a novel facet-based motion segment classification system that significantly predicted postoperative segmental lordosis after lateral lumbar interbody fusion.
Dosing down with biologic therapies: a systematic review and clinicians’ perspective (2017)

International audience
Carotid plaque inflammation in stroke assessed by PET (2014)

Despite recent advances in medical and surgical treatments to prevent arterial stroke, the cerebrovascular burden of atherosclerosis remains high. Factors associated with a high risk for arterial stroke include stenosis >50% and ulcerated plaque. Given the important role of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture, a measure of plaque inflammation may help stratify arterial stroke risk. Indeed, inflammatory markers have been associated with arterial stroke.1,2 A noninvasive imaging method to characterize atherosclerotic plaque inflammation could add to the assessment of plaque vulnerability and rupture risk.
AGV parking system based on tracking landmark (2009)

This paper presents an efficient method that locates the automated guided vehicle (AGV) into a specific position using vision-based system. For an automated transshipment system in the container terminal, it is necessary for the AGV to recognize the current position of the transfer crane, so that the port AGV locates itself into the working area of the crane. Using an artificially designed landmark attached on the crane, the vehicle detects and tracks the position of the landmark from the video stream through CCD camera fixed to the vehicle. The AGV calculates its position from the position of landmark in the image and control the velocity to align with the crane. The detection method is based on the local features of the landmark such as edges, corners, and color information. After detecting the landmark the vehicle tracks the trace of the target using Condensation algorithm and refinement stage. Detecting and tracking steps are performed in HSI color space to reduce the effect of illumination. Experiment shows reasonable results.
Small-molecule inhibitors prevent the genotoxic and protumoural effects induced by colibactin-producing bacteria (2015)

These results demonstrate that targeting colibactin production controls the genotoxic and protumoural effects induced by this toxin.
Effect of Practice on Brain Activity: An Investigation in Top-Level Rifle Shooters (2005)

Results are discussed in terms of neural economy of motor preparation due to the specific practice involved in shooting.
A theoretical study of the site selectivity of activating methylthio and methoxy groups in the synthesis of isoquinolines (1985)

The site selectivity of activating methylthio and methoxy groups in the synthesis of isoquinolines has been studied theoretically in terms of the static index approach. The dependence of the relative amounts of ortho- and para-isomer produced upon the nature of the electrophilic group has been explained in terms of the degree of charge localization in the electrophile, together with the calculated electronic structure of the activated benzene ring.
Synthesis and reactions of ethyl 6-acetyl-2,3-diphenylimidazo(1,2-a) pyrimidine-5-carboxylate and related compounds. (1982)

The reactions of the 6-acetyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl- or 5, 6-diethoxycarbonylimidazo-[1, 2-a] pyrimidine derivatives (7a, b), which were prepared by condensation of 2-amino-4, 5-diphenylimidazole (4) with ethyl 3-ethoxymethylene-2, 4-dioxovalerate (5a) or ethyl ethoxymethyleneoxaloacetate (5b), with diazomethane are described. Thus, reaction of 7a with diazomethane at room temperature afforded three products whose structures were assigned as ethyl 5a-acetyl-4a, 5a-dihydro-2, 3-diphenyl-5H-cyclopropa [e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4a-carboxylate (9), ethyl 5a-acetyl-2, 3-diphenyl-4a, 5a, 5b, 7-tetrahydro-6H-aziridino [c]-5H-cyclopropa [e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4a-carboxylate (10), and the 6-methyl analog (11) of 9. When reacted with diazomethane under ice cooling, 7a afforded only 9 in 73.0% yield. Reaction of 7b with diazomethane at room temperature gave four products whose structures were assigned as diethyl 4a, 5a-dihydro-2, 3-diphenyl-5H-cyclopropa [e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4a, 5a-dicarboxylate (14), diethyl 2, 3-diphenyl-4a, 5a, 5b, 7-tetrahydro-6H-aziridino [c]-5H-cyclopropa [e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4a, 5a-dicarboxylate (15), diethyl 7, 8-diphenyl-3a, 3b, 5, 9a-tetrahydro-4H-aziridino [c]-3H-pyrazolo [3, 4-e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-3a, 9a-dicarboxylate (16), and diethyl 3a, 9a-dihydro-7, 8-diphenyl-4-methyl-3H-pyrazolo [3, 4-e] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-3a, 9a-dicarboxylate (17). The chemical properties of 9 were also investigated. For example, 9 reacted with hydrochloric acid to give the 5, 8-dihydro-5-chloromethylimidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine (19) in excellent yield. When heated with acetic acid, 9 yielded the 5, 8-dihydro-5-acetoxymethylimidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidine (25) in 12.7% yield, in addition to 40.0% yield of the 5-acetoxy-5, 6-dihydro-9H-imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 3] diazepine (26), which was transformed into the N-imidazolylpyridone (27) by treatment with potassium hydroxide. On catalytic hydrogenation over 5% palladium charcoal, 9 gave the 5, 6-dihydro-9H-imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 3] diazepine (32), which was then derived to the 9H-imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 3] diazepine (36) by bromination followed by dehydrobromination.
Top-down synthesis of multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles for macrophage labelling and manipulation (2011)

Multifunctional iron oxide (FeOx) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising items for biomedical applications. They are studied as theranostic agents for cancer treatment, selective probes for bioanalytical assays, controllable carriers for drug delivery and biocompatible tools for cell sorting or tissue repair. Here we report a new method for the synthesis in water of FeOx–MNPsvia a top-down physical technique consisting in Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution (LASiS). LASiS is a green method that does not require chemicals or stabilizers, because nanoparticles are directly obtained in water as a stable colloidal system. A gamut of characterization techniques was used for investigating the structure of FeOx–MNPs that have a polycrystalline structure prevalently composed of magnetite (ca. 75%) and hematite (ca. 22%). The FeOx–MNPs exhibit very good magnetic properties if compared to what is usually reported for iron oxide nanoparticles, with saturation magnetization close to the bulk value (ca. 80 emu g−1) and typical signatures of the coexistence of ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in the same particle. The functionalization of FeOx–MNPs after the synthesis was possible with a variety of ligands. In particular, we succeeded in the functionalization of FeOx–MNPs with carboxylated phosphonates, fluorescent alkylamines, fluorescent isothiocyanates and bovine serum albumin. Our FeOx–MNPs showed excellent biocompatibility. Multifunctional FeOx–MNPs were exploited for macrophage cell labelling with fluorescent probes as well as for cell sorting and manipulation by external magnetic fields.