gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
32-anode photomultiplier for high-speed, high-sensitivity fluorescence spectrum detection (2000)

Summary form only given. Recent developments in bio-aerosol detection have demonstrated the ability to record single-shot fluorescence spectra (from 250-700 nm) from single particles (as small as 1.8 /spl mu/m in diameter) flowing through a well-defined sampling volume. We report on a 32-anode photomultiplier capable of recording single-shot fluorescence spectra at repetition in excess of 1.4 k particles per second, while maintaining single photon sensitivity.
Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells (2016)

Regulation of T cell responses by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is increasingly documented and studied. Direct or indirect crosstalk between ILCs and T cells early during and after T cell activation can affect their differentiation, polarization, and survival. Natural killer (NK) cells that belong to the ILC1 group were initially described for their function in recognizing and eliminating "altered self" and as source of early inflammatory cytokines, most notably type II interferon. Using signals conveyed by various germ-line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are geared to sense sudden cellular changes that can be caused by infection events, malignant transformation, or cellular stress responses. T cells, when activated by TCR engagement (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokines (signal 3), commit to a number of cellular alterations, including entry into rapid cell cycling, metabolic changes, and acquisition of effector functions. These abrupt changes may alert NK cells, and T cells might thereby expose themselves as NK cell targets. Here, we review how activated T cells can be recognized and regulated by NK cells and what consequences such regulation bears for T cell immunity in the context of vaccination, infection, or autoimmunity. Conversely, we will discuss mechanisms by which activated T cells protect themselves against NK cell attack and outline the significance of this safeguard mechanism.
Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome (2015)

Pioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels.
Mechanisms of improved specificity of engineered Cas9s revealed by single molecule analysis (2017)

ABSTRACT In microbes, CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against invading genetic elements. Cas9 in complex with a guide-RNA targets complementary DNA for cleavage and has been repurposed for wide-ranging biological applications. New Cas9s have been engineered (eCas9 and Cas9-HF1) to improve specificity, but how they help reduce off-target cleavage is not known. Here, we developed single molecule DNA unwinding assay to show that sequence mismatches affect cleavage reactions through rebalancing the internal unwinding/rewinding equilibrium. Increasing PAM-distal mismatches facilitate rewinding, and the associated cleavage impairment shows that cleavage proceeds from the unwound state. Engineered Cas9s depopulate the unwound state more readily upon mismatch detection. Intrinsic cleavage rate is much lower for engineered Cas9s, preventing cleavage from transiently unwound off-targets. DNA interrogation experiments showed that engineered Cas9s require about one additional base pair match for stable binding, freeing them from sites that would otherwise sequester them. Therefore, engineered Cas9s achieve their improved specificity (1) by inhibiting stable DNA binding to partially matching sequences, (2) by making DNA unwinding more sensitive to mismatches, and (3) by slowing down intrinsic cleavage reaction.
Date palm-magnetized biochar for in-situ stabilization of toxic metals in mining-polluted soil: evaluation using single-step extraction methods and phytoavailability (2023)

Mining activities provide a pathway for the entry and accumulation of various heavy metals in soil, which ultimately leads to severe environmental pollution. Utilization of various immobilizing agents could restore such contaminated soils. Therefore, in this study, date palm-derived biochars (BCs: produced at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C) and magnetized biochars (MBCs) were employed to stabilize heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in mining polluted soil. Metal polluted soil was amended with BCs and MBCs at w/w ratio of 2% and cultivated with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) in a greenhouse. After harvesting, dry and fresh biomass of plants were recorded. The soil and plant samples were collected, and the concentrations of heavy metals were measured after extracting with water, DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and acetic acid. BCs and MBCs resulted in reduced metal availability and uptake, with higher fresh and dry biomass (>36%). MBCs showed maximum decrease (>70%) in uptake and shoot concentration of metals, as these reductions for Cd and Pb reached below the detection limits. Among all single-step extractions, the DTPA-extractable metals showed a significant positive correlation with shoot concentrations of tested metals. Thus, the synthesized BCs and MBCs could effectively be used for stabilizing heavy metals and improve plant productivity in multi-contaminated soils. However, future studies should focus on long term field trials to restore contaminated mining soils using modified biochars.
Magnetic resonance tracking of catheters and mechatronic devices operating in the vascular network with an embedded photovoltaic-based microelectronic circuit (2013)

Tracking of a catheter through the arterial system is critical in several medical interventions. To avoid excessive dose of x-ray irradiation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been proposed. In such a case, a simple ferromagnetic sphere placed at the tip of the catheter could be used. However, due to the artifact created by the ferromagnetic core, it becomes impossible to gather an image of the tissues surrounding such a marker. Hence, in this paper we propose replacing the ferromagnetic marker with a microchip containing a coil and a photovoltaic cell. By radiating light to the photovoltaic cell, the coil generates a magnetic field which is detected as an artifact in MR images. By turning off the light, the effect of the coil is eliminated allowing images of tissues next to the marker to be taken. In this paper, simulated results based on experimental data from the preliminary designs suggest that this approach could be viable not only for catheters but also, it could potentially be used in various tools as well as mechatronic devices being moved inside the body.
Atomistic simulations of the optical absorption of type-II CdSe/ZnTe superlattices (2012)

We perform accurate tight binding simulations to design type-II short-period CdSe/ZnTe superlattices suited for photovoltaic applications. Absorption calculations demonstrate a very good agreement with optical results with threshold strongly depending on the chemical species near interfaces.
An efficient and robust zero-watermarking scheme for audio based on DWT and DCT (2009)

A zero-watermarking scheme for audio based on the steady sign of certain DWT-DCT coefficients with maximal absolute value, is proposed. Compared with traditional watermarking schemes, the proposed scheme can solve the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility perfectly without introducing audio quality degradation as occurred usually in traditional watermarking schemes. The multiresolution characteristic of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the energy compression characteristic of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the steady sign of certain DWT-DCT coefficients are combined to extract important features from the host audio signal, which are used to construct the secret key with the watermark image. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has stronger robustness as well as security, as compared to the schemes in X. Zhong et al. (2007) and N. Chen and J. Zhu (2008).
β‐adrenergic receptors and cardiac progenitor cell biology: What is the real connection? (2018)

Resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from small animal models may not always be representative of their human counterparts, especially when significant differences in isolation protocols are considered. Nonetheless, multiple evidences support an important role of β-adrenergic signaling in human CPC survival and commitment, which will need appropriate consideration for future developments of human CPCs as regenerative medicine tools.
Screening for resistance to Nacobbus aberrans and Gobodera spp. in wild potato species resistant to other pathogens (2006)

One hundred and fifty-nine progenies of different species of Solanum, reported as resistant to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) or Potato leaf roll virus, were evaluated for their reaction to Bolivian populations of Nacobbus aberrans and Globodera spp. Solanum microdontun, S. acaule and S. okadae showed a larger number (83, 63 and 88%, respectively) of entries resistant to N. aberrans. Solanum okadae and S. microdontun were also resistant to Globodera spp. (57 and 50%, respectively). Solanum chaucha, S. sparsipilum and S. tarijense, reported to be resistant to Colorado potato beetle, showed 54% of entries resistant to N. aberrans.
Effects of a new magnesium-rich artificial cerebrospinal fluid on contractile 5-hydroxytryptamine and endothelin receptors in rat cerebral arteries (2019)

<b>Objectives</b> Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with cerebrovascular contractile receptor upregulation resulted from haemolysis in the subarachnoid space. This study developed a new magnesium-rich artificial cerebrospinal fluid (MACSF) formula and investigated its effects on receptor-mediated contraction in rat basilar arteries. <b>Methods</b> Clear and haemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from patients with hydrocephalus or SAH. MACSF was freshly prepared using clinical intravenous injections. Rat basilar arteries were segmented and incubated with clear CSF, haemorrhagic CSF or MACSF. The contractile responses were studied by myograph. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT<sub>1B</sub>), endothelin subtype B (ET<sub>B</sub>) and endothelin subtype A (ET<sub>A</sub>) receptors were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analyses. <b>Results</b> Haemorrhagic CSF exposure shifted the contractile curves induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), sarafotoxins 6c (S6c) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) leftward with increased maximal contraction values. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression were markedly elevated for 5-HT<sub>1B</sub>, ET<sub>B</sub> and ET<sub>A</sub> receptors on arteries exposed to haemorrhagic CSF. However, the contractile responses to 5-HT, S6c or ET-1 and expression of 5-HT<sub>1B</sub>, ET<sub>B</sub> and ET<sub>A</sub> receptors in rat cerebral arteries exposed to MACSF remained unaffected compared to those exposed to clear CSF. Besides, unlike normal saline which can inactive <i>in-vitro</i> vessels, MACSF can maintain their physiological activity. <b>Conclusion</b> Haemorrhagic CSF induces upregulation of 5-HT<sub>1B</sub>, ET<sub>B</sub> and ET<sub>A</sub> receptors in rat cerebral arteries. However, MACSF can maintain <i>in-vitro</i> rat basilar arteries in good physiological activity and normal expression of contractile 5-HT and ET receptors.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: where to go? (2011)

Enormous progress has been made during the last 25 years in our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). This has led to improvements in early diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention of these diseases. Nevertheless, there are still unmet needs in the AAV. With respect to diagnosis and follow-up, sensitive biomarkers that reflect disease activity, also during smouldering disease, are needed. In the field of aetiopathogenesis, genetic and epigenetic studies are being performed not only directed at the autoimmune response but also at the expression of, possibly modified, autoantigens. Environmental factors, in particular microbial factors, are also being explored. This will enable analysis of gene-environment interactions in the AAV, so elucidating further their aetiopathogenesis. Explaining the differences in clinical presentation between proteinase 3 (PR3)-associated AAV and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-associated AAV requires an adequate animal model for PR3-ANCA disease, which is currently lacking. Although many large randomized controlled trials have built a base for a rational therapeutic approach in the AAV, late morbidity and mortality is still significant. The availability of new biologicals and the development of sensitive biomarkers for disease activity could further improve prognosis for patients suffering from AAV.
Simulation of fan-beam-type optical computed-tomography imaging of strongly scattering and weakly absorbing media (1993)

Numerical simulations of the transmission of a light impulse through strongly scattering and weakly absorbing slab media and of fan-beam-type optical computed-tomography imaging for cylindrical media are presented. A hybrid calculation scheme of scattering by the Monte Carlo method is employed to obtain the temporal variation of transmittance of the light impulse through the media. A set of projection data is provided by temporally extrapolating the difference in the optical density between the absorbing object and the nonabsorbing reference to the shortest time of flight. For the case of identical scattering between the object and reference, the reconstructed image of the difference in the absorption coefficient has better accuracy and spatial resolution than those images by the time-gating method.
Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Abundant Ti4+ for Phosphopeptide Enrichment from Cancer Cells with 96% Specificity (2018)

Selective enrichment and sensitive detection of phosphopeptides are of great significance in many bioapplications. In this work, dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with polydopamine and chelated Ti<sup>4+</sup> (denoted DMSNs@PDA-Ti<sup>4+</sup>) were developed to improve the enrichment selectivity of phosphopeptides. The unique central-radial pore structures endowed DMSNs@PDA-Ti<sup>4+</sup> with a high surface area (362 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), a large pore volume (1.37 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), and a high amount of chelated Ti<sup>4+</sup> (75 μg mg<sup>-1</sup>). Compared with conventional mesoporous silica-based materials with the same functionalization (denoted mSiO<sub>2</sub>@PDA-Ti<sup>4+</sup>) and commercial TiO<sub>2</sub>, DMSNs@PDA-Ti<sup>4+</sup> showed better selectivity and a lower detection limit (0.2 fmol/μL). Moreover, 2422 unique phosphopeptides were identified from HeLa cell extracts with a high specificity (>95%) enabled by DMSNs@PDA-Ti<sup>4+</sup>, better than those in previous reports.
HST -values are below the diagonal; TRANSMIT -values are above; estimated minor allele frequencies are on the left margin (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Identification of polymorphisms explaining a linkage signal: application to the GAW14 simulated data"BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S88-S88.Published online 30 Dec 2005PMCID:PMC1866692. The square identified by "i" represents the imost significant (by both HST and TRANSMIT) SNP pair ranked by the sum of the TRANSMIT and HST -values. For example, in the top panel, "3" (in the first row) means that HST and TRANSMIT -values for pair B8321–B8341 are both significant and the sum of their -values is the third most significant. Hj and Tj represent the jsignificant SNP pair by HST and TRANSMIT, respectively. Note, on the top panel, "2"-H2, "3"-H3 coincide; only "2" and "3" are identified. Similarly for the bottom panel, "4"-T5, "6"-H4 coincide and only "4" and "6" are identified.
Freeze-drying synthesis, characterization and in vitro bioactivity of chitosan/graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (2014)

Polycrystalline and dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles were successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method with the aid of a new capping agent based on Schiff base compounds. After that, a composite of chitosan (CT), graphene oxide (GO) and HAP nanoparticles was synthesized by a freeze-drying method. The as-produced Schiff base, HAP nanoparticles, and CT/GO/HAP nanocomposite were analysed by several techniques including FTIR, SEM, HR-TEM, and XRD. In addition, the in vitro bioactivity of HAP nanoparticles and the CT/GO/HAP nanocomposite was evaluated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF). By monitoring the changes of chemical composition of the SBF solutions, it was concluded that more Ca and P ions were released from the CT/GO/HAP nanocomposite compared to the pure HAP nanoparticles, indicating a high bioactivity of the nanocomposite. The SEM images showed that the formation and growth of apatite on the surfaces of the products increased after immersion for 14 days in SBF.
Valorization of potato peel: a biorefinery approach (2017)

Potato is the fourth main crop consumed worldwide and is an important constituent in the human diet. Consequently, potato is widely used in food-processing industries. However, these industries generate massive amounts of potato peel (PP) as a by-product, which is usually considered a waste, and is discarded. Interestingly, recent research suggests that PP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value-added products. In this study, we review the physicochemical composition and valorization of PP. In addition to being used as a dietary fiber or medicine, the value-added products obtained by the fermentation of PP have multiple uses, including their use as adsorbents, biocomposites and packaging materials. These products can also be used in energy production, biopolymer film development, corrosion inhibition and the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. The biorefinery approach for PP will increase the value of this waste by producing an array of value-added products and reducing extensive waste generation.
Optimizing protein extraction from plant tissues for enhanced proteomics analysis (2008)

Plant tissues usually contain high levels of proteases and secondary metabolites that severely interfere with protein extraction, separation, and identification. Preparation of high-quality protein samples from plant tissues for proteomic analysis represents a great challenge. This article briefly describes the critical points in protein separation, especially secondary metabolites in plant tissues, and removal strategy. It provides an updated overview of three total protein extraction methods and their applications in proteomic analysis of various recalcitrant tissues.
Simultaneous lipid biosynthesis and recovery for oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (2019)

The nondisruptive oil capture mediated by an OCA helped in accomplishing a trade-off between microbial oil production and its recovery. This strategy helped in realizing theoretically efficient sugar-to-oil bioconversions in a continuous production process. The process, therefore, endorses a sustainable production of molecular drop-in equivalents through oleaginous yeasts, representing as an absolute microbial oil factory.
Ecological Momentary Assessment (2014)

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method for collecting data in real time and in real-world settings in order to avoid retrospective biases, collect ecologically valid data, and study behavioral processes over time. EMA is particularly suited for studying substance use because use is episodic and related to contextual factors like mood, setting, and cues. This chapter addresses the application of EMA to substance use research, describing important elements of EMA design and analysis and illustrating them with examples from substance use research. It discusses and reviews data on methodological issues such as compliance and reactivity and covers considerations in designing EMA studies of substance use. Data on the associations between EMA data on substance use and more traditional self-report data are reviewed. EMA methods reveal substance use patterns not captured by questionnaires or retrospective data and hold promise for substance use research and treatment.
Protective Equipment: Concepts, Components, and Systems (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Terminology Concepts of Use Respiratory Protective Devices Dermal Protective Equipment (Clothing) Future Concepts to Improve Performance in Use
Hot Chips 27 Highlights (2016)

This column discusses some of the designs and presentations from the 2015 Hot Chips Symposium.
Relationship between structure and photoinitiating abilities of selected bromide salts of 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (IMP): influence of the solvent and the substitution in benzaldehyde on the course of its reaction with IMP (2006)

2-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium bromide and its C3-substituted derivatives have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and quantum chemical calculations. Their potential as photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization has been investigated experimentally and compared with theoretical results. It has been established that the course of the reaction that introduces the substituted benzylidene group to the imidazole ring is different in the protic and dipolar aprotic solvents, and also depends on the character of the substituent, as the energy change in the reaction favours either R1R2C=CHR3 or R1R2CH-CH(OCH3)R3 formation.
Villin‐type headpiece domains show a wide range of F‐actin‐binding affinities (2002)

The villin-type "headpiece" domain is a modular motif found at the extreme C-terminus of larger "core" domains in over 25 cytoskeletal proteins in plants and animals. Although headpiece is classified as an F-actin-binding domain, it has been suggested that some expressed fusion-proteins containing headpiece may lack F-actin-binding in vivo. To determine the intrinsic F-actin affinity of headpiece domains, we quantified the F-actin affinity of seven headpiece domains and three N-terminal truncations, under identical in vitro conditions. The constructs are folded and adopt the native headpiece structure. However, they show a wide range of affinities that can be grouped into high, low, and nonspecific-binding categories. Computer models of the structure and charged surface potential of these headpiece domains suggest features important for high F-actin affinity. We conclude that not all headpiece domains are intrinsically F-actin-binding motifs, and suggest that the surface charge distribution may be an important element for F-actin recognition.
Hexa-O-alkanoyl-scyllo-inosite, die ersten discotischen Flüssigkristalle aus alicyclischen, gesättigten Verbindungen (1984)

Als „Kern”︁ von Flüssigkristallen mit scheibenförmiger Molekülgestalt wurde fast immer ein Benzolring verwendet. Da die Titelverbindungen 1 breite Mesophasenbereiche haben, scheint es aber weniger auf die Unsättigung als auf Raumerfüllung, Planarität und Starrheit des Moleküls anzukommen.