gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LOSSES OF RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER CAVITY TREES TO SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES (1995)

er an 1 l-year period (1983-1993), we examined the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) infestation rate of single Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides bo- realis) cavity trees on the Angelina National Forest in Texas. Southern pine beetles infested and killed 38 cavity trees during this period. Typically, within each cavity tree cluster, beetles infested only a single tree (usually the nest tree of the previous spring) during autumn and used the cavity tree as an over-wintering site for brood development. Seven (4 active and 3 inactive) cavity trees (out of 346 cavity tree years) died as a result of beetle infestation during the first five years of the study (1983-1987). In 1988, an intensive habitat manage- ment program was initiated on the forest to halt a severe population decline of the wood- pecker. During the next six years (1988-1993), a much higher mortality rate was observed; 31 single cavity trees (out of 486 cavity tree years) were infested and killed (x2 = 8.8, P 0.09, N = 10); further research is needed for a definitive conclusion. Received 13 Apr. 1994, accepted 14 Sept. 1994.
Clinical and genetic analysis of recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: Persistent preservation of heterozygous c.402C>G FOXL2 mutation (2017)

This report describes the preservation of heterozygous c.402C>G FOXL2 mutation in recurrent aGCTs. This finding adds further credence to the concept that the c.402C>G FOXL2 mutation is oncogenic and integral to this disease.
Unifying synchronous and asynchronous message-passing models (1998)

We take a significant step toward unifying the synchronous, semi-synchronous, and asynchronous message-passing models of distributed computation.
Enzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. XXXIV. Termination of chain growth by a 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleotide (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. XXXIV. Termination of chain growth by a 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleotideMaurice R. Atkinson, Murray P. Deutscher, Arthur Kornberg, Alan F. Russell, and J. G. MoffattCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 12, 4897–4904Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00840a037https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00840a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intracoronary irradiation for the prevention of restenosis (1997)

Restenosis after coronary angioplasty is a major limitation of an otherwise highly effective and safe procedure for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Although the advent of coronary stenting has reduced restenosis rates for selected patients, an overall restenosis rate of 20% to 25% remains. Despite numerous trials, no effective pharmacologic therapy has been found. Intracoronary irradiation is a new technique proposed to prevent restenosis after angioplasty. In animal models of restenosis after balloon injury, there is marked reduction of neointimal proliferation when the injured vessel is irradiated, using a variety of radiation sources and delivery systems. Early human trials have underscored the importance of careful source calibration and dosimetry. A small, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intracoronary irradiation to prevent recurrent restenosis recently reported striking reductions in angiographic restenosis as well as clinical event rates. A number of important issues remain unresolved, such as defining which component of the arterial wall serves as the target tissue for radiation, the minimal effective dose, the maximum tolerable dose, and user-friendly radiation delivery systems. Further studies are needed to define the safety, efficacy and the ultimate usefulness of intracoronary irradiation as an adjunct to current procedures in interventional cardiology.
Hats Off to the Tricorn Protease (1996)

Cells regulate the destruction of proteins, just as they carefully regulate protein synthesis. Much of the proteolysis of cellular proteins occurs within a cylindrical organelle, the proteasome. Now Tamura et al . ( p. 1385 of this issue) report the existence of a second new proteolytic organelle, the tricorn protease, in the bacteria Thermoplasma acidophilum . In their Perspective, Schneider and Hartl compare the structure and function of the proteasome and the tricorn protease.
Locus Control Region Function and Heterochromatin-Induced Position Effect Variegation (1996)

Human CD2 locus control region (LCR) sequences are shown here to be essential for establishing an open chromatin configuration. Transgenic mice carrying an hCD2 mini-gene attached only to the 3' CD2 transcriptional enhancer exhibited variegated expression when the transgene integrated in the centromere. In contrast, mice carrying a transgene with additional 3' sequences showed no variegation even when the latter integrated in centromeric positions. This result suggests that LCRs operate by ensuring an open chromatin configuration and that a short region, with no enhancer activity, functions in the establishment, maintenance, or both of an open chromatin domain.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of phospholipids in emulsion system (2020)

Abstract This study evaluated the behavior changes of two types of phospholipid emulsions under ultrasonic treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) contents for PC 50 and PC 90 were 58 and 90%, respectively. The results showed that acid value and fatty acid compositions of the two phospholipids showed no significant differences ( p &gt; .05) before and after ultrasonic treatment. The peroxide value and volatile compounds revealed that PC 50 had stronger oxidative stability than PC 90, which indicated that the synergistic effect of PC and other phospholipids components could enhance the oxidative stability of individual phospholipids. This work suggests that appropriate ultrasonic treatment could make phospholipids finely dispersed in aqueous system and promote their contact efficiency with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, resulting in the increase in antioxidant ability of the phospholipid emulsions. However, prolonged ultrasonic treatment could induce the self‐oxidation of phospholipids, and more attention should be paid to the self‐oxidation of these phospholipids when ultrasound was applied in food processing. Practical Applications This study evaluated the behavior changes of two types of phospholipids under ultrasonic treatment. The findings of this study could be useful for guiding the future usage of phospholipids and ultrasound in the food industry.
Dissociation (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Testing a blowing snow model against distributed snow measurements at Upper Sheep Creek, Idaho, United States of America (2001)

In this paper a physically based snow transport model (SnowTran‐3D) was used to simulate snow drifting over a 30 m grid and was compared to detailed snow water equivalence (SWE) surveys on three dates within a small 0.25 km 2 subwatershed, Upper Sheep Creek. Two precipitation scenarios and two vegetation scenarios were used to carry out four snow transport model runs in order to (1) evaluate the blowing snow model, (2) evaluate the sensitivity of the snow transport model to precipitation and vegetation inputs, and (3) evaluate the linearity of snow accumulation patterns and the utility of the drift factor concept in distributed snow modeling. Spatial comparison methods consisted of (1) pointwise comparisons of measured and modeled SWE, (2) visual comparisons of the spatial maps, (3) comparisons of the basin‐wide average SWE, (4) comparisons of zonal average SWE in accumulation and scour zones, and (5) comparisons of distribution functions. We found that the basin average modeled SWE was in reasonable agreement with observations and that visually the spatial pattern of snow accumulation was well represented except for a pattern shift. Pointwise comparisons between the modeled and observed SWE maps displayed significant errors. The distribution functions of SnowTran‐3D‐modeled drift factors from two precipitation scenarios on three dates were compared with the distribution function of observation‐based drift factors obtained previously by calibration to evaluate the assumption of linearity. We found only a 14% reduction in explained variance in the distribution function of drift factors for a 69% increase in precipitation, suggesting that the simplification provided by the use of drift factor distributions will result in errors that are tolerable in many cases.
BDNF guides neural stem cell-derived axons to ventral interneurons and motor neurons after spinal cord injury (2022)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) implanted into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) extend very large numbers of new axons over very long distances caudal to the lesion site, and support partial functional recovery. Newly extending graft axons distribute throughout host gray and white matter caudal to the injury. We hypothesized that provision of trophic gradients caudal to the injury would provide neurotrophic guidance to newly extending graft-derived axons to specific intermediate and ventral host gray matter regions, thereby potentially further improving neural relay formation. Immunodeficient rats underwent C5 lateral hemisection lesions, following by implants of human NSC grafts two weeks later. After an additional two weeks, animals received injections of AAV2-BDNF expressing vectors three spinal segments (9 mm) caudal to the lesion in host ventral and intermediate gray matter. After 2 months additional survival, we found a striking, 5.5-fold increase in the density of human axons innervating host ventral gray matter (P < 0.05) and 2.7-fold increase in intermediate gray matter (P < 0.01). Moreover, stem cell-derived axons formed a substantially greater number of putative synaptic connections with host motor neurons (P < 0.01). Thus, trophic guidance is an effective means of enhancing and guiding neural stem cell axon growth after SCI and will be used in future experiments to determine whether neural relay formation and functional outcomes can be improved.
Quantitative Auswertung von Gas‐Chromatogrammen partiell getrennter Stoffgemisch (1971)

Abstract A simple method is described for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas chromatograms with considerably overlapping peaks, based on the assumption of known retention indices and peak shapes. Its application to mixtures of deuteriated hydrocarbons is indicated. The extent to which the results are reproducible is shown to be about the same as that of high‐resolution gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.
Macrophage exposure to polymethyl methacrylate leads to mediator release and injury (1991)

To understand further the role of macrophages in the loosening of cemented arthroplasty, several in vitro effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particle exposure in these cells were studied. The kinetics of arachidonic acid and derived inflammatory mediator release was characterized following macrophage exposure to either PMMA or control polystyrene particles. Temporal release of radiolabeled products by [14C]arachidonate-labeled cells was determined by sequential scintillation counting. Significant dose-dependent release of arachidonic acid mediators by macrophages was observed within half an hour of exposure to either PMMA or styrene particles. Unexposed control cells incubated in media alone did not release detectable amounts of radiolabeled products. The leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of cell injury, was detected spectrophotometrically 4 h following exposure to PMMA but not styrene. PMMA-induced LDH release was dose dependent. In contrast, polystyrene exposure failed to increase LDH release above unexposed control cells. These in vitro studies reveal that macrophages rapidly released arachidonic acid and derived inflammatory mediators in response to both PMMA and styrene particles. However, cells exposed to PMMA are lethally damaged, as reflected by the subsequent leakage of their intracellular LDH. We propose that a similar sequence of events may occur when macrophages encounter PMMA particles at the bone-cement interface. This is characteristic of a foreign body granulomatous response.
The Scatter in the Relationship between Redshift and the Radio‐to‐Submillimeter Spectral Index (2000)

We derive the scatter in the relationship between redshift and radio-to-submm spectral index, alpha^{350}_{1.4}, using the observed spectral energy distributions of 17 low redshift star forming galaxies. A mean galaxy model is derived, along with the rms scatter in alpha^{350}_{1.4}. The scatter is roughly constant with redshift. Constant rms scatter, combined with the flattening of the mean alpha^{350}_{1.4} -- z relationship with increasing redshift, leads to increasing uncertainty for redshift estimates at high redshifts. Normalizing by the dust temperature in the manner proposed by Blain decreases the scatter in alpha^{350}_{1.4} for most of the sample, but does not remove outliers, and free-free absorption at rest frequencies above 1.4 GHz is not likely to be a dominant cause for scatter in the alpha^{350}_{1.4} -- z relationship. We re-derive the cumulative redshift distribution of the 14 field galaxies in a recent submm and radio source sample of Smail et al.. The most likely median redshift for the distribution is 2.7, with a conservative lower limit of z = 2, as was also found by Smail et al. based on the original alpha^{350}_{1.4} -- z models. The normalization and shape of the redshift distribution for the faint submm sources are consistent with those expected for forming elliptical galaxies.
Integrated DNA and Fingerprint Analyses in the Identification of 60‐Year‐Old Mummified Human Remains Discovered in an Alaskan Glacier (2010)

This report describes the identification of a merchant mariner who perished in 1948 when Northwest Airlines Flight 4422, a DC-4 carrying 24 seamen and six crew members crashed into Mount Sanford, Alaska. Fifty-one years later, a human forearm and hand were found close by the wreckage of the plane, prompting identification efforts using DNA and fingerprints. There were significant challenges to both the fingerprint and DNA analyses. The hand was badly desiccated, making fingerprint friction-ridge detail almost invisible and the remains had been embalmed upon discovery, making DNA amplification difficult. We present the results of an interdisciplinary approach that successfully addressed these challenges and ultimately led to the identification of the remains. These efforts relied on efficient fingerprint rejuvenation and imaging techniques that improved print resolution, as well as new DNA extraction techniques optimized for aggressively embalmed remains.
Computer networking in an ambulatory health care setting. (2000)

Computers are a ubiquitous part of the ambulatory health care environment. Although stand-alone computers may be adequate for a small practice, networked computers can create much more powerful and cost-effective computerized systems. Local area networks allow groups of computers to share peripheral devices and computerized information within an office or cluster of offices. Wide area networks allow computers to securely share devices and information across a large geographical area. Either singly or in combination, these networks can be used to create robust systems to help physicians automate their practices and improve their access to important clinical information. In this article, we will examine common network configurations, explain how they function, and provide examples of real-world implementations of networking technology in health care.
Analysis of Working Time at the Test Site of Southwest Offshore Wind Project in Korea Based on Weather Window (2015)

As a preparation process for successful establishment of demonstration offshore wind farm, analyses have been made for working time at the construction site where working time is defined as the time available for marine operation to take place under given weather conditions. Data used are hourly wave and wind data from met mast, HeMOSU-1, and 3 hour numerical model data from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Seasonal results show the minimum working time during winter and moderate during autumn and spring. The most working time was seen during summer on average. Monthly analyses show the most working time in May, June, and August which was higher than the working time in July and September. Working time reaches at steady state and no significant change was seen above wave height of 1.5 m and wind speed of 8 m/s.
Patchy promiscuity: machine learning applied to predict the host specificity of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli (2017)

<i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> are bacterial species that colonize different animal hosts with sub-types that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Source attribution of zoonoses is an important goal for infection control as is identification of isolates in reservoir hosts that represent a threat to human health. In this study, host specificity and zoonotic potential were predicted using machine learning in which Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were built based on predicted proteins from whole genome sequences. Analysis of over 1000 <i>S.</i><i>enterica</i> genomes allowed the correct prediction (67 -90 % accuracy) of the source host for <i>S</i>. Typhimurium isolates and the same classifier could then differentiate the source host for alternative serovars such as <i>S</i>. Dublin. A key finding from both phylogeny and SVM methods was that the majority of isolates were assigned to host-specific sub-clusters and had high host-specific SVM scores. Moreover, only a minor subset of isolates had high probability scores for multiple hosts, indicating generalists with genetic content that may facilitate transition between hosts. The same approach correctly identified human versus bovine <i>E. coli</i> isolates (83 % accuracy) and the potential of the classifier to predict a zoonotic threat was demonstrated using <i>E. coli</i> O157. This research indicates marked host restriction for both <i>S. enterica</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, with only limited isolate subsets exhibiting host promiscuity by gene content. Machine learning can be successfully applied to interrogate source attribution of bacterial isolates and has the capacity to predict zoonotic potential.
Keep on trucking - or not : editor's forum (2010)

June is almost upon us and isn't there supposed to be something going on? Oh, that's right, something about football if I am not mistaken. Talking to the print industry though you could be forgiven in thinking that there was still months to go to the event and people were still planning their print requirements. Its quiet, too quiet, and I am still prowling around looking for that one printer that has made a killing out of the event. If you know of one, or find them lurking about in the shadows let me know so I can ask them how they did it.
Cilium-independent regulation of Gli protein function by Sufu in Hedgehog signaling is evolutionarily conserved (2009)

A central question in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is how evolutionarily conserved components of the pathway might use the primary cilium in mammals but not fly. We focus on Suppressor of fused (Sufu), a major Hh regulator in mammals, and reveal that Sufu controls protein levels of full-length Gli transcription factors, thus affecting the production of Gli activators and repressors essential for graded Hh responses. Surprisingly, despite ciliary localization of most Hh pathway components, regulation of Gli protein levels by Sufu is cilium-independent. We propose that Sufu-dependent processes in Hh signaling are evolutionarily conserved. Consistent with this, Sufu regulates Gli protein levels by antagonizing the activity of Spop, a conserved Gli-degrading factor. Furthermore, addition of zebrafish or fly Sufu restores Gli protein function in Sufu-deficient mammalian cells. In contrast, fly Smo is unable to translocate to the primary cilium and activate the mammalian Hh pathway. We also uncover a novel positive role of Sufu in regulating Hh signaling, resulting from its control of both Gli activator and repressor function. Taken together, these studies delineate important aspects of cilium-dependent and cilium-independent Hh signal transduction and provide significant mechanistic insight into Hh signaling in diverse species.
Binding of myelin basic protein peptides to human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class II molecules and their recognition by T cells from multiple sclerosis patients. (1993)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which myelin proteins have been implicated as autoantigens recognized by pathogenic autoreactive T cells. To study the relationship between human myelin basic protein (hMBP) and HLA alleles associated to MS susceptibility, such as DRB1*1501, the binding of synthetic peptides spanning the entire hMBP sequence to 10 purified HLA-DR molecules was determined. All the hMBP peptides tested showed binding affinity for at least one of the DR molecules analyzed, but three hMBP peptides, included in sequences 13-32, 84-103, and 144-163 were found capable of binding to three or more DR molecules. The hMBP peptide 84-103 was the most degenerate in binding, in that it bound to 9 out of 10 DR molecules tested. Interestingly, it bound with highest affinity to DRB1*1501 molecules. To correlate the binding pattern of hMBP peptides to HLA class II molecules with their recognition by T cells, 61 hMBP-specific T cell lines (TCL) were established from the peripheral blood of 20 MS patients, who were homozygous, heterozygous, or negative for DRB1*1501. Analysis of hMBP epitopes recognized by these TCL and their HLA restriction demonstrated a very good correlation between binding data and T cell proliferation to hMBP peptides. Although virtually all hMBP peptides tested could be recognized by at least one TCL from MS patients, three immunodominant T cell epitopes were apparent among the TCL examined, corresponding exactly to the hMBP peptides capable of binding to several DR molecules. No major difference could be detected in the recognition of immunodominant hMBP peptides by TCL from DRB1*1501 positive or negative MS patients. These results have implications for the role of hMBP as relevant autoantigen, and of DRB1*1501 as susceptibility allele in MS.