gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired kidney function and anatomy in dietarily‐rescued calcineurin (alpha isoform) knockout mice (2012)

Previously, we identified a predominant role for the alpha isoform of calcineurin (CnAα) in normal kidney development and function. However, many experiments were limited by failure to thrive and early lethality of CnAα knockout mice. Recently, we reported the rescue of CnAα −/− mice by dietary compensation for defective salivary enzyme secretion. We now provide the first report of kidney anatomy and function in adult knockout mice. The data show that despite comparable body mass, kidney size is reduced and GFR is lower in null mice. In additional, although total glomerular number is unchanged, a significant proportion of glomeruli are abnormal. Examination of the protein expression of major renal sodium transporters, channels, and exchangers reveals modest changes in proximal tubule transporters, but substantial (40–60%) decreases in the aldosterone‐sensitive Na‐Cl cotransporter (NCC), the α‐subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the 70‐Da band of γ‐ENaC. Null mice also show decreased urinary potassium and hyperkalemia suggesting impaired collecting duct function. These findings are consistent with clinical observations of aldosterone resistance with use of calcineurin inhibitors and provide new experimental evidence that, in addition to glomerular development, CnAα plays a role in sodium and potassium handling by the distal nephron.
Retinoic Acid Mediated Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium in Vitamin A Deficient Mice Requires CD11b+ and T Cells (2019)

Vitamin A deficiency affects over 250 million preschool-age children worldwide and is associated with increased childhood mortality and risk of developing enteric infections. Vitamin A deficient (A-) mice developed chronic <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> infection. A single oral dose of retinoic acid (RA) at d7 post-infection was sufficient to induce clearance of the pathogen in A- mice. RA treatment of A- mice induced <i>il17</i> expression in the colon. In A- mice, colonic IL-17 was primarily produced by CD11b+ cells; however, in A+ mice, the major source of colonic IL-17 was CD4+ T cells. To determine the cellular targets of vitamin A required for host resistance to <i>C. rodentium</i>, mice that express a dominant negative (dn) retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in T cells (T-dnRAR) or macrophage/neutrophils (LysM-dnRAR) were used. T-dnRAR mice had T cells that produced a robust intestinal IL-17 response and for 40% of the mice was enough to clear the infection. The remainder of the T-dnRAR mice developed a chronic infection. A- LysM-dnRAR mice developed early lethal infections with surviving mice becoming chronically infected. RA treatment of A- LysM-dnRAR mice was ineffective for inducing colonic IL-17 or clearing <i>C. rodentium</i>. Retinoid signaling is required in T cells and CD11b+ cells for complete elimination of enteric pathogens.
Genomics and transcriptomics of the industrial acarbose producer Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 (2012)

A conceptual model of the combined effects of acid deposition and land-use, Model of Acidification of Groundwater In Catchments (MAGIC), was applied to 21 upland sites in the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (AWMN) to assess the likely future recovery in response to the latest international agreements controlling anthropogenic sulphur emissions throughout Europe. Future estimates of sulphur deposition were generated by the Hull Acid Rain Model (HARM), based on the agreed reductions outlined in the Second Sulphur Protocol. The results indicate only a limited degree of recovery in surface-water chemistry at all sites over the next 50 years; moreover, a continuing decline in soil base status is predicted to occur at 70% of sites, resulting in longer term reacidification of surface-water at 38% of sites. However, compared with a 'business as usual' scenario the recovery is pronounced, although acidified sites will require further reductions in acidic deposition if recovery to pre-industrial chemical conditions are to be achieved. Furthermore, land-use scenarios at afforested sites suggest that replanting of felled forest will lead to a further increase in acidification. This strengthens the argument that plantation forestry should be avoided in areas considered geologically sensitive to acidic deposition.
Mesoscopic Concentration Fluctuations in a Fluidic Nanocavity Detected by Redox Cycling (2006)

We show that a nanofluidic device consisting of a solution-filled cavity bounded by two closely spaced parallel electrodes can amplify the electrical current from redox molecules inside the cavity by a factor of approximately 400 through redox cycling. The noise spectral density of this signal agrees quantitatively with the calculated fluctuations in the number of molecules inside the cavity due to their diffusive motion. We demonstrate sensitivity to fluctuations of as few as approximately 70 molecules.
The mismatch between job openings and job seekers (2011)

Today's high unemployment rate is often linked to a structural imbalance?a mismatch between the skills and location required to fill vacant jobs and the skills and geographical preferences of the unemployed. But the evidence downplays the role of this mismatch.
Detection and imaging in a random medium: A matrix method to overcome multiple scattering and aberration (2009)

We present an imaging technique particularly suited to the detection of a target embedded in a strongly scattering medium. Classical imaging techniques based on the Born approximation fail in this kind of configuration because of multiply scattered echoes and aberration distortions. The experimental setup we consider uses an array of programmable transmitters/receivers. A target is placed behind a scattering medium. The impulse responses between all array elements are measured and form a matrix. The core of the method is to separate the single scattered echo of the target from the multiple scattering background. This is possible because of a deterministic coherence along the antidiagonals of the array response matrix, which is typical of single scattering. Once this operation is performed, target detection is achieved by applying the DORT method (French acronym for decomposition of the time reversal operator). Experimental results are presented in the case of wide-band ultrasonic waves around 3 MHz. A 125-element array is placed in front of a collection of randomly distributed steel rods (diameter of 0.8 mm). The slab thickness is three times the scattering mean free path. The target is a larger steel cylinder (diameter of 15 mm) that we try to detect and localize. The quality of detection is assessed theoretically based on random matrix theory and is shown to be significantly better than what is obtained with classical imaging methods. Aside from multiple scattering, the technique is also shown to reduce the aberrations induced by a heterogeneous layer.
Cysteine protease inhibitors effectively reduce in vivo levels of brain β-amyloid related to Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Abnormal accumulation of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) in brain represents a key factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identification of small molecules that effectively reduce brain levels of Abeta is important for development of Abeta-lowering agents for AD. In this study, we demonstrate that in vivo Abeta levels in brain are significantly reduced by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64d and the related CA074Me inhibitor, which inhibits cathepsin B. Direct infusion of these inhibitors into brains of guinea pigs resulted in reduced levels of Abeta by 50-70% after 30 days of treatment. Substantial decreases in Abeta also occurred after only 7 days of inhibitor infusion, with a reduction in both Abeta40 and Abeta42 peptide forms. A prominent decrease in Abeta peptides was observed in brain synaptosomal nerve terminal preparations after CA074Me treatment. Analyses of APP-derived proteolytic fragments showed that CA074Me reduced brain levels of the CTFbeta fragment, and increased amounts of the sAPPalpha fragment. These results suggest that CA074Me inhibits Abeta production by modulating APP processing. Animals appeared healthy after treatment with these inhibitors. These results, showing highly effective in vivo decreases in brain Abeta levels by these cysteine protease inhibitors, indicate the feasibility of using related compounds for lowering Abeta in AD.
Metrics and design considerations on the energy-delay tradeoff of digital circuits (2009)

In this paper, general metrics of the energy-delay (E-D) tradeoff in digital VLSI circuits are discussed. More specifically, the general class of metrics E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sup> with arbitrary exponents is adopted and evaluated for various commercial microprocessors. Results indicate that practical circuits are designed by minimizing a wider range of metrics compared to the ED or ED <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> metrics usually assumed in the literature. Hence, the general metrics E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sup> describes the energy-delay tradeoff in a more realistic way. An interesting interpretation of the adopted metrics is provided to gain an insight into the relationship between energy and delay in energy-efficient designs. Various properties are also derived analytically by resorting to the logical effort method. Simulations on a 65-nm technology are performed to exemplify and validate the theoretical results.
Werkt een oorthermometer betrouwbaar als er cerumen in het oor zit? (2006)

Een oorthermometer is een gebruikersvriendelijke methode om de kerntemperatuur van de mens in te schatten (1). De oorthermometer dient het trommelvlies te kunnen ‘zien’ om een betrouwbare schatting van de kerntemperatuur van een mens te kunnen maken. Indien mensen een lang, smal en bochtig oorkanaal hebben is het trommelvlies niet goed zichtbaar en wordt de stralingswarmte van de wand van het oorkanaal gemeten. Deze is meestal aanzienlijk lager dan die van het trommelvlies en daarmee treedt onderschatting van de werkelijke waarde op (2, 3). Bij hoge omgevingstemperaturen treden ook afwijkingen op (4).
Detection of TCP Performance Degradation Using Link Utilization Statistics (2006)

In this paper, we propose a method of detecting TCP performance degradation using only bottleneck-link utilization statistics: mean and variance. The variance of link utilization normally increases as the mean link-utilization increases. However, because link-utilization has a maximum of 100%, as the mean approaches 100%, the possible range of fluctuation becomes narrow and the variance decreases to zero. In this paper, using the M/G/R processor sharing model, we relate this phenomenon to the behavior of flows. We also show that by using this relationship, we can detect TCP performance degradation using the mean and variance of link utilization. In particular, this method enables a network operator to determine whether or not the degradation originates from the congestion of his/her own network. Because our method requires us to measure only link utilization, the cost of performance management can be greatly decreased compared with the conventional method, which requires dedicated functions for directly measuring the TCP performance.
Multiple spherically converging shock waves in liquid deuterium (2011)

To achieve ignition, inertial confinement fusion target designs use a sequence of shocks to compress the target before it implodes. To minimize the entropy acquired by the fuel, the strength and timing of these shocks will be precisely set during a series of tuning experiments that adjust the laser pulse to achieve optimal conditions. We report measurements of the velocity and timing of multiple, converging shock waves inside spherical targets filled with liquid (cryogenic) deuterium. These experiments produced the highest reported shock velocity observed in liquid deuterium (U s 135 km=s at $25 Mb) and observed an increase in shock velocity due to spherical convergence. These direct-drive experiments are best simulated when hydrodynamic codes use a nonlocal model for the transport of absorbed laser energy from the coronal plasma to the ablation surface.
High Temperature Silicon Carbide CMOS Integrated Circuits (2011)

The wide band-gap of Silicon Carbide (SiC) makes it a material suitable for high temperature integrated circuits [1], potentially operating up to and beyond 450°C. This paper describes the development of a 15V SiC CMOS technology developed to operate at high temperatures, n and p-channel transistor and preliminary circuit performance over temperature achieved in this technology.
Sensorless start-up of soft starter driven IE4 motors (2017)

This paper presents a sensorless starting procedure for a soft starter driven IE4 direct on line permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the initial position of the rotor is determined using a pulsating current space vector. Subsequently, the motor is started from standstill by the soft starter from a known position. The following firing sequences are calculated on the basis of the flux angle and speed estimated by a reduced Luenberger observer, which needs no additional sensors besides those provided in a standard industrial soft starter. Measurements clearly indicate the potential performance of this starting procedure.
Orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed free-space optical communication link using transmitter lenses (2016)

In this paper, we explore the potential benefits and limitations of using transmitter lenses in an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM)-multiplexed free-space optical (FSO) communication link. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that within certain transmission distances, using lenses at the transmitter to focus OAM beams could reduce power loss in OAM-based FSO links and that this improvement might be more significant for higher-order OAM beams. Moreover, the use of transmitter lenses could enhance system tolerance to angular error between transmitter and receiver, but they might degrade tolerance to lateral displacement.
Augmentation of fracture healing with fibroblast growth factor in a hyaluronan gel (1999)

s from the Sixth Meeting of the International Society for Fracture Repair; September 23-26, 1998; Strasbourg, France
ESR study of hair and melanin–keratin mixtures – the effects of temperature and light (1984)

Synopsis The ESR spectrum of hair presents a symmetrical absorption band with the same characteristics as pure melanin (g= 2.0030; deltaH= 5 G). Between 250 degrees K and 490 degrees K, the intensity of the signal increases as for pure melanin. This variation may be explained by a change in the moisture content of hair as function of the temperature. Below 250 degrees K, in a frozen medium, melanin-water interactions remain constant and the number of radicals is no longer a function of temperature. Under exposure to light of hair, melanin-derived radicals were formed. Stable and short-lived radicals were observed at lambda > 345 nm; only unstable radicals were formed at lambda > 450 nm. At shorter wavelengths (lambda > 280 nm), a new asymmetric signal (g= 2.0065H= 20 G) appeared on UV exposure of black, grey or white hair; this signal was attributed to radicals formed in the direct excitation of keratin amino acids.
Progress in long scale length laser–plasma interactions (2004)

The first experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have employed the first four beams to measure propagation and laser backscattering losses in large ignition-size plasmas. Gas-filled targets between 2 mm and 7 mm length have been heated from one side by overlapping the focal spots of the four beams from one quad operated at 351 nm (3{omega}) with a total intensity of 2 x 10{sup 15} W cm{sup -2}. The targets were filled with 1 atm of CO{sub 2} producing of up to 7 mm long homogeneously heated plasmas with densities of n{sub e} = 6 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3} and temperatures of T{sub e} = 2 keV. The high energy in a NIF quad of beams of 16kJ, illuminating the target from one direction, creates unique conditions for the study of laser plasma interactions at scale lengths not previously accessible. The propagation through the large-scale plasma was measured with a gated x-ray imager that was filtered for 3.5 keV x rays. These data indicate that the beams interact with the full length of this ignition-scale plasma during the last {approx}1 ns of the experiment. During that time, the full aperture measurements of the stimulated Brillouin scattering and stimulated Raman scattering show scattering into the four focusing lenses of 6% for the smallest length ({approx}2 mm). increasing to 12% for {approx}7 mm. These results demonstrate the NIF experimental capabilities and further provide a benchmark for three-dimensional modeling of the laser-plasma interactions at ignition-size scale lengths.
Modélisation spatio-temporelle des champs de précipitation et des couverts nuageux associés : applications à la propagation terre-espace (2008)

Ce manuscrit réunit les résultats d'études consacrées à la modélisation spatio-temporelle des affaiblissements de propagation dans la troposphere. La modélisation de ces affaiblissements est utile pour l'optimisation et le dimensionnement des dispositifs adaptatifs de gestion de la ressource des satellites de télécommunication opérant en bande Ka ou Q/V. Ce manuscrit est organisé autour de cinq articles de revues. Les deux premières contributions sont dédiées à la modélisation des distributions statistiques de contenus troposphériques en vapeur d'eau et en eau liquide à partir respectivement de mesures radiométriques et de bases de données climatiques. La troisième étude touche à l'évaluation des performances d'un système utilisant la diversité de site à partir de données de radar météorologique ; une étude de l'advection des champs précipitations et de son paramétrage par des sorties de modèles de prévision météorologique est également entreprise. Le quatrième article vise à établir une expression analytique de la distribution de la fraction d'une zone, d'une taille comparable à celle d'un faisceau satellite, affectée par la pluie ; ce modèle est établi en assimilant les champs de précipitations à des champs aléatoires. Le formalisme des champs aléatoires est repris dans le cinquième article qui propose une modélisation spatio-temporelle des champs de précipitations et des atténuations sous-jacentes à hautes résolutions et à l'échelle d'une couverture satellite continentale.
Computing hyperbolic tangent and sigmoid functions using stochastic logic (2016)

This paper addresses implementations of tangent hyperbolic and sigmoid functions using stochastic logic. Stochastic computing requires simple logic gates and is inherently fault-tolerant. Thus, these structures are well suited for nanoscale CMOS technologies. Tangent hyperbolic and sigmoid functions are widely used in machine learning systems such as neural networks. This paper makes two major contributions. First, two approaches are proposed to implementing tangent hyperbolic and sigmoid functions in unipolar stochastic logic. The first approach is based on a JK flip-flop. In the second approach, the proposed designs are based on a general unipolar division. Second, we present two approaches to computing tangent hyperbolic and sigmoid functions in bipolar stochastic logic. The first approach involves format conversion from bipolar format to unipolar format. The second approach uses a general bipolar stochastic divider. Simulation and synthesis results are presented for proposed designs.
Zinc oxide single-crystal microtubes (2004)

ZnO single-crystal microtubes were fabricated using an encapsulated microwave growth method. The ZnO crystals are grown in hexagonal hollow tube form with a well faceted end and side surfaces, which have cross-sectional dimensions of 100to250μm, lengths of 3–5mm, and wall thickness of 1–2μm. Under optical excitation, a strong near-band-edge emission was obtained at a peak wavelength of 377.8nm with a full width at half maximum of 11nm. The ZnO microtubes exhibited a highly selective UV light response with a cut-off wavelength at ∼370nm, and excellent electron field emission properties with an emission current density of 11mA∕cm2 at an applied field of ∼20V∕μm.
Cyclic Loading of Achilles Tendon Repairs: A Comparison of Polyester and Polyblend Suture (2006)

The use of polyblend suture in a four-stranded Krackow configuration provides stronger repairs with less gap formation, which may provide increased security during early functional rehabilitation.
The establishment of a sensitive method in determining different neurotransmitters simultaneously in rat brains by using liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (2011)

An effective way to determine the amount of different neurotransmitters is vital to the study of brain function. Here, a highly sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously measure γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinepherine, glutamate and serotonin in one sample. The quantification of the neurotransmitters was achieved by a tandem mass spectrometer using the selected reaction monitoring scan mode. The method validation included selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, recovery and matrix effect. For the six neurotransmitters, the linear regression analysis was calibrated by deuterated internal standards with a R² of over 0.991, and the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were from 2.5 to 500pg/mg and 7.5 to 1000pg/mg, respectively. This method was employed here to reveal different types and amounts of neurotransmitters simultaneously in adult and embryonic rat brains. Here, the change of dopamine concentration in embryonic and adult brain was from 0.071 to 0.760ng/mg of brain tissue, GABA was from 207.643 to 445.148ng/mg, glutamate was from 679.535 to 1408.920ng/mg, serotonin was from 0.058 to 0.485ng/mg and norepinepherine was from 0.054 to 0.290ng/mg. For epinephrine, it was only detected in embryonic stage but not in adult, with the concentration at 0.241ng/mg.
Study and Application of Web-based Data Mining in E-Business (2007)

The paper is engaged in a discussion over applications of Web mining to the intelligent search engine, customer relationship management, personalized service and commercial credit evaluation in e-business. And analysis and reasoning of the mass of information in e-business are made by the technology of Web mining, which can dig out potential modes and predict customers' action, to help enterprises' decision-makers adjust their marketing strategy, reduce the risk, make right decisions and get competitive advantage.
Characterization of Growth Hormone Enhanced Donor Site Healing in Patients with Large Cutaneous Burns (1995)

Results indicate that growth hormone or its secondary mediators may directly stimulate the cells of the epidermis and dermis during wound healing to produce the structural proteins and other components needed to rebuild the junctional structures.