gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interval analysis applied to constraint feasibility in geometric constraint solving (1998)

In design and manufacturing applications, users of computer aided
 design systems are very often interested in knowing the range of
 values for some dimensions that define the object under design.
 This work reports on a technique developed to allow a class of
 constructive geometric constraint solvers to determine the feasible
 ranges of values of a given symbolic geometric constraint when
 values for all the remaining constraints have been fixed. Only
 well-constrained problems are considered.
A Note on NSRLMS, NSRLMF, and NSRLMMN Adaptive Algorithms (2018)

In this paper, we compare the expressions for the steady-state mean-square error (MSE), the optimum step-size, and the corresponding minimum tracking MSE of the normalized sign regressor least mean square (NSRLMS), the normalized sign regressor least mean fourth (NSRLMF), and the normalized sign regressor least mean mixed-norm (NSRLMMN) algorithms for the case of real-valued data. The expressions for the steady-state MSE, the optimum step-size, and the corresponding minimum tracking MSE of the NSRLMF and NSRLMMN algorithms based on energy conservation relation approach are available in the literature for the case of real-valued data. Thus, in order to compare these three algorithms, we have derived the expressions for the steady-state MSE, the optimum stepsize, and the corresponding minimum tracking MSE of the NSRLMS algorithm based on energy conservation relation approach for the case of real-valued data. Finally, simulation results to substantiate the analytical results of the NSRLMS algorithm are also presented for the case of real-valued data.
Design of antimicrobial peptide arenicin analogs with improved therapeutic indices (2014)

β-Hairpin antimicrobial peptides are among the most potent peptide antibiotics of animal origin. Arenicins, isolated earlier from marine polychaeta lugworm Arenicola marina, belong to a family of β-hairpin antimicrobial peptides and display a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, despite being potent antimicrobials, arenicins are partially unapplicable as therapeutics as a result of their relatively high cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. In this study, a template-based approach was used to create therapeutically valuable analogs of arenicin-1 and identify amino acid residues important for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the peptide. The plasmids encoding recombinant analogs were constructed by mutagenesis technique based on inverse PCR amplification of the whole arenicin-1 expression plasmid. The analogs were produced as a part of the fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. It was shown that an obvious reduction in hemolytic activity without lose of antimicrobial activity can be achieved by a single amino acid substitution in the non-polar face of the molecule with hydrophilic residues such as serine and arginine. As the result, the selective analog with 50-fold improved therapeutic index was developed. The circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that the secondary structure of the analog was similar to the natural arenicin-1 in water solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles but significantly differed in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine micelles mimicking mammalian membranes. Similarly to arenicin-1, the designed analog killed bacteria via induction of the membrane damage, assessed using the fluorescent dye SYTOX Green uptake. Our results afford molecular insight into mechanism of antimicrobial action of the designed arenicin analogs and their possible clinical application.
The Usefulness of a Contrast Agent and Gradient-Recalled Acquisition in a Steady-State Imaging Sequence for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Noninvasive Ultrasound Surgery (1994)

These results indicate that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect temperature elevations that do not cause tissue damage and that contrast agent can be used to delineate the necrosed tissue volume.
Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation, and Computational Studies of a Diverse Set of Linezolid Conjugates (2022)

The development of new antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria or possess broad-spectrum activity is one of the challenging tasks. Unfortunately, there are not many new antibiotics in clinical trials. So, the molecular hybridization approach could be an effective strategy to develop potential drug candidates using the known scaffolds. We synthesized a total of 31 diverse linezolid conjugates <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, <b>11</b>, <b>13</b>, and <b>15</b> using our established benzotriazole chemistry with good yield and purity. Some of the synthesized conjugates exhibited promising antibacterial properties against different strains of bacteria. Among all the synthesized compounds, <b>5d</b> is the most promising antibacterial agent with MIC 4.5 µM against <i>S. aureus</i> and 2.25 µM against <i>B. subtilis</i>. Using our experimental data pool, we developed a robust QSAR (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.926, 0.935; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>cvOO = 0.898, 0.915; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>cvMO = 0.903, 0.916 for the <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> models, respectively) and 3D-pharmacophore models. We have also determined the drug-like properties of the synthesized conjugates using computational tools. Our findings provide valuable insight into the possible linezolid-based antibiotic drug candidates.
The Caenorhabditis elegans lin-12 gene mediates induction of ventral uterine specialization by the anchor cell (1995)

The anchor cell (AC) of the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad has a critical role in the development of a functional egg-laying system, which is accomplished through cell-cell interactions. Lateral inhibitory lin-12-mediated signaling among two bipotential cells causes one to adopt the ventral uterine precursor (VU) cell fate while the other becomes the AC. The AC then induces formation of vulval tissue. We find that the AC also induces a particular ventral uterine intermediate precursor fate (pi) by a mechanism that is genetically and temporally distinct from vulval induction. This process requires lin-12, but unlike previously described lin-12-mediated decisions, signaling is unidirectional, is between dissimilar cells and does not involve lateral inhibition. The pi fates are necessary for egg laying and appear to produce a distinct specialized cell type. Thus, patterning of the ventral uterus by the AC is crucial to the development of a functional egg-laying system.
Improvement on masked S-box hardware implementation (2012)

Masking in gate level could efficiently protect AES S-box out of power analysis attack. But there still exists a kind of attack, called glitch attack, to achieve the sensitive information from gate cell leakage. Some works had been done to resist against glitch attack, which carefully masked AND gate or used Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) cell. In this paper, we propose an improved masked AND gate, in which the relationship between input masked values and masks is nonlinear. Usually, when converting S-box operations from GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) to GF(((2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), all the necessary computations become XOR and AND operations. Therefore, to fully mask AES S-box is to substitute the unmasked XOR and AND operations with the proposed masked AND gate and protected XOR gate. Although the proposed masked AND gate take up one extra XOR gate than Trichina's design and Baek's design, it can resist against glitch attack without using specific gate cell, such as WDDL.
Noise source mapping for trucks, Part 2: Experimental results (2008)

The elliptical array described in the previous paper (Part 1) was deployed road-side at a test track for measuring the sound emitted from trucks during passby. Measurements were made on various truck models in various operating states with and without trailers. Extensive spherical-source calibrations confirmed the array's beamforming at both on-normal and steering angles (to 45°); they also disclosed the magnitudes of ground reflection paths for localized sources at different elevations. In all cases, the array output was computationally inverted to produce two-dimensional spatial maps of source levels in the side profile of the truck. In the cases of stationary trucks, the source maps were correlated with simultaneously-obtained intensity maps. Comparisons verified that the array-based source maps for the trucks ranked sound sources of disparate levels in the same order as did the sound power levels deduced from the sound intensity data. Acoustic source maps obtained during truck passbys were then used to provide time-histories and spatial distributions of sources and source paths from the engine, muffler, tires, and certain body components. This project is funded by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, USA.
Stability and dynamic analysis of a service robot (2011)

A Remote Operated SErvice robot (ROSE) is built to assist elderly people in\nhealth care. The use of technology to assist the elderly and disabled is desirable to\nease the burden on the decreasing working population in the Netherlands and all\nover Europe.\nIn this report the stability of the ROSE robot is investigated. The reason behind\nthis is that the robot has to operate safely. Safe operation is a requirement because\nif the robot becomes unstable, it can easily injure people or the robot itself.\nFour complementary approaches are used to investigate the stability of the\nrobot. The analyses consist of the half car model to investigate the suspension\nforces on the robot’s suspension, a static stability analysis to draw conclusions\nabout the stability of the robot, a Zero Moment Point (ZMP) analysis to investigate\nthe effect of arm movements on the stability of the complete robot, and a SimMechanics\nmodel to visualize the robot’s stability.\nThe half car model shows that the maximum suspension forces are very high.\nBecause of these high forces the wheelmodules which are attached to the mobile\nplatform have to be redesigned. The result of the static stability analysis is that\nthe angle of the parallelogram mechanism has to be restricted when the arms are\nstretched and loaded with the maximum load. The ZMP analysis gives several restrictions\non the movements of the robot arms. Furthermore the ZMP analysis\nshow that a static analysis is sufficient when the average velocity of the end effector\nof the robot arm is sufficiently low.\nThe results of the static and ZMP analysis can be implemented in the robot’s\nsoftware. This prevents the robot from tipping over. An extended SimMechanics\nmodel can be exported to the real robot, where it can be used to implement additional\nfeatures, for example collision avoidance.
The forelimb in walking horses: 2. Net joint moments and joint powers (2000)

The objective of the study was to describe net joint moments and joint powers in the equine hindlimb during walking. The subjects were 5 sound horses. Kinematic and force data were collected synchronously and combined with morphometric information to determine net joint moments at each hindlimb joint throughout stance and swing. The results showed that the net joint moment was on the caudal/plantar side of all hindlimb joints at the start of stance when the limb was being actively retracted. It moved to the cranial/dorsal side around 24% stride at the hip and stifle and in terminal stance at the more distal joints. It remained on the cranial/dorsal side of all joints during the first half of swing to provide active limb protraction, then moved to the caudal/plantar aspect to reverse the direction of limb motion prior to ground contact. The hip joint was the main source of energy generation throughout the stride. It was assisted by the tarsal joint in both stance and swing phases and by the fetlock joint during the stance phase. The coffin joint acted as an energy damper during stance, whereas the stifle joint absorbed almost equal amounts of energy in the stance and swing phases. The coffin and fetlock joints absorbed energy as the limb was protracted and retracted during the swing phase, suggesting that their movements were driven by inertial forces. Future studies will apply these findings to detect changes in the energy profiles due to specific soft tissue injuries.
Neural network-based resistance spot welding control and quality prediction (1999)

This paper describes the development and evaluation of neural network-based systems for industrial resistance spot welding process control and weld quality assessment. The developed systems utilize recurrent neural networks for process control and both recurrent networks and static networks for quality prediction. The first section describes a system capable of both welding process control and real-time weld quality assessment. The second describes the development and evaluation of a static neural network-based weld quality assessment system that relied on experimental design to limit the influence of environmental variability. Relevant data analysis methods are also discussed. The weld classifier resulting from the analysis successfully balances predictive power and simplicity of interpretation. The results presented for both systems demonstrate clearly that neural networks can be employed to address two significant problems common to the resistance spot welding industry, control of the process itself, and nondestructive determination of resulting weld quality.
The clinical application of cancer immunotherapy based on naturally circulating dendritic cells (2019)

Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate and direct adaptive immune responses. This ability is exploitable in DC vaccination strategies, in which DCs are educated ex vivo to present tumor antigens and are administered into the patient with the aim to induce a tumor-specific immune response. DC vaccination remains a promising approach with the potential to further improve cancer immunotherapy with little or no evidence of treatment-limiting toxicity. However, evidence for objective clinical antitumor activity of DC vaccination is currently limited, hampering the clinical implementation. One possible explanation for this is that the most commonly used monocyte-derived DCs may not be the best source for DC-based immunotherapy. The novel approach to use naturally circulating DCs may be an attractive alternative. In contrast to monocyte-derived DCs, naturally circulating DCs are relatively scarce but do not require extensive culture periods. Thereby, their functional capabilities are preserved, the reproducibility of clinical applications is increased, and the cells are not dysfunctional before injection. In human blood, at least three DC subsets can be distinguished, plasmacytoid DCs, CD141<sup>+</sup> and CD1c<sup>+</sup> myeloid/conventional DCs, each with distinct functional characteristics. In completed clinical trials, either CD1c<sup>+</sup> myeloid DCs or plasmacytoid DCs were administered and showed encouraging immunological and clinical outcomes. Currently, also the combination of CD1c<sup>+</sup> myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs as well as the intratumoral use of CD1c<sup>+</sup> myeloid DCs is under investigation in the clinic. Isolation and culture strategies for CD141<sup>+</sup> myeloid DCs are being developed. Here, we summarize and discuss recent clinical developments and future prospects of natural DC-based immunotherapy.
Resistance of Culex Quinquefasciatus Say Larvae and Pupae to Experimental Drought (1948)

Studies on mosquito sex ratios and the resistance of their aquatic stages to desiccation have nearly always been recorded as incidental to life history studies, rearing techniques, etc. Since specific papers on these subjects are scarce an attempt is made to assemble a few of the scattered references.
A 5-GByte/s data-transfer scheme with bit-to-bit skew control for synchronous DRAM (1999)

This paper describes a 5-GByte/s data-transfer scheme suitable for synchronous DRAM memory. To achieve a higher data-transfer frequency, the properties were improved based on the frequency analysis of the memory system. Then, a bit-to-bit skew compensation technique that eliminates incongruent skew between the signals is described with a new, multioutput controlled delay circuit to accomplish bit-to-bit skew compensation by controlling transmission timing of every data bit. Simulated maximum data-transfer rate of the proposed memory system resulted in 5.1/5.8 GByte/s (321/365 MHz, /spl times/64 bit, double data rate) for data write/read operation, respectively.
Simple RuCl3‐Catalyzed Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines (2010)

Abstract A catalyst for the direct synthesis of amides from amines and alcohols, generated in situ from the economically attractive and readily available RuCl 3 , an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), and pyridine, was developed. Of the screened NHC precursors, a less bulky one gave better yields for modestly sterically hindered substrates. In a search for the true catalytic intermediates, Grubbs catalysts were found to be active for the amidation of alcohols under basic conditions, suggesting that an Ru complex supported by an NHC ligand can catalyze the reaction.
Combined turbo coding and unitary space-time modulation (2002)

Space-time coding is well understood for high data rate communications over wireless channels with perfect channel state information. On the other hand, channel coding for multiple transmit antennas when channel state information is unknown has only received limited attention. A new signaling scheme, named unitary space-time modulation, has been proposed for the latter case. In this paper, we consider the use of turbo coding together with unitary space-time modulation. We demonstrate that turbo coded space-time modulation systems are well suited to wireless communication systems when there is no channel state information, in the sense that the turbo coding improves the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system considerably. In particular, we observe that the turbo-coded system provides 10-15 dB coding gain at a BER of 10/sup -5/ compared to the unitary space-time modulation for various transmit and receive antenna diversity cases.
Integrase-Defective Lentiviral Vectors - A Stage for Nonviral Integration Machineries (2011)

Gene vehicles derived from lentiviruses have become highly esteemed tools for gene transfer and genomic insertion in a wealth of cell types both in vivo and ex vivo. However, accumulating evidence of preferred insertion into actively transcribed genes, driven by biological properties of the parental human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has questioned the safety of this vector technology. As a consequence, integrase-defective lentiviral vectors [IDLVs], carrying an inactive integrase protein, have been developed and used with success for persistent in vivo gene transfer to quiescent or slowly dividing cells. We and others have shown that episomal DNA delivered by IDLVs may serve as a substrate for heterologous integration machineries, including recombinases and transposases, and homologous recombination triggered by nuclease-induced DNA damage. New vector systems that combine the best of lentiviral gene delivery and nonviral integration systems are under development. The first prototypes of such hybrid lentiviral vectors facilitate efficient gene transfer and show profiles of insertion that are not dictated by the biological constraints of the normal integration pathway and are, therefore, significantly different from the profile of conventional lentiviral vectors. The stage is set for further exploration of these vectors. In this review, we summarize the background and short history of hybrid IDLV-based vector systems and discuss their applicability in gene therapy and treatment of genetic disease.
Post-chemotherapy PD-L1 expression correlates with clinical outcomes in Japanese bladder cancer patients treated with total cystectomy. (2018)

416 Background: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a key target molecule of immunotherapy that is frequently overexpressed in bladder cancer. In the present study, we examined whether PD-L1 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients. Methods: We enrolled 102 bladder cancer patients treated with cystectomy at the Aomori Prefectural Hospital between April 2004 and May 2014. We conducted an immunohistochemical examination of PD-L1 expression using the SP142 assay. PD-L1 expression was scored at three diagnostic levels (0/1/2). Results: Of the 102 patients, 82 were men (81.0%) and 20 were women (19.0%) (mean age 60 years, range 43-84 years). Sixty-six patients (64.8%) had previously undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy [neoadjuvant (+) group]. During the mean observation period of 54.5 months, 42 patients had recurring disease (41.1%) and 34 died (33.3%). The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate was 66.6%; the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 59.7%. In the neoadjuvant (+) group, the 5-year DFS rate was 65.0% for PD-L1 (-) patients and 31.7% for PD-L1 (+) patients (log-rank p = 0.006). In the neoadjuvant (+) groups, the 5-year CSS rate was 69.6% for PD-L1 (-) patients and 48.1% for PD-L1 (+) patients. Differences in CSS and DFS rates between PD-L1 (-) and PD-L1 (+) patients in both treatment groups were statistically significant (log-rank p = 0.006 and 0.039, respectively.) Conclusions: Despite the small study size, our data suggest that post-chemotherapy PD-L1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy who had previously undergone cystectomy.
Predicting dense nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution using a simplified source depletion model parameterized with partitioning tracers (2008)

Simulations of nonpartitioning and partitioning tracer tests were used to parameterize the equilibrium stream tube model (ESM) that predicts the dissolution dynamics of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) as a function of the Lagrangian properties of DNAPL source zones. Lagrangian, or stream‐tube‐based, approaches characterize source zones with as few as two trajectory‐integrated parameters, in contrast to the potentially thousands of parameters required to describe the point‐by‐point variability in permeability and DNAPL in traditional Eulerian modeling approaches. The spill and subsequent dissolution of DNAPLs were simulated in two‐dimensional domains having different hydrologic characteristics (variance of the log conductivity field = 0.2, 1, and 3) using the multiphase flow and transport simulator UTCHEM. Nonpartitioning and partitioning tracers were used to characterize the Lagrangian properties (travel time and trajectory‐integrated DNAPL content statistics) of DNAPL source zones, which were in turn shown to be sufficient for accurate prediction of source dissolution behavior using the ESM throughout the relatively broad range of hydraulic conductivity variances tested here. The results were found to be relatively insensitive to travel time variability, suggesting that dissolution could be accurately predicted even if the travel time variance was only coarsely estimated. Estimation of the ESM parameters was also demonstrated using an approximate technique based on Eulerian data in the absence of tracer data; however, determining the minimum amount of such data required remains for future work. Finally, the stream tube model was shown to be a more unique predictor of dissolution behavior than approaches based on the ganglia‐to‐pool model for source zone characterization.