gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243 on the growth performance and cytokine response of weaning pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli1 (2012)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243 on the growth and cytokine response of weaning pigs (Sus scrofa) challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In a 28-d experiment (14 d before and 14 d after challenge), a total of 108 pigs at 20 ± 1 d of age were allotted to 1 of 6 diets. These were a control diet without ETEC challenge (CON) and 5 treatment diets with ETEC challenge, including a control diet with ETEC challenge (negative control, NC); a positive control diet containing antibiotics (PC); control diet plus (10(8), 10(9), or 10(10)) cfu/kg L. plantarum CJLP243 (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). After challenge, NC showed the least ADFI, whereas PC and T3 had the greatest ADFI (P = 0.002). The ADG of PC, T2, and T3 were greater (P = 0.001) than that of CON, NC, and T1 during wk 1 to wk 2. During wk 3 to wk 4, a marked decline was seen in NC (P = 0.001) compared with CON, whereas PC and T3 showed increased ADG (P = 0.001). The overall ADG of PC and T3 were greater (P < 0.001) than the remaining groups. The PC and T3 had the greatest G:F during the second 2 wk (P = 0.002), and the overall 4-wk experimental period (P = 0.003). At 3 h after challenge, all groups except CON had greater rectal temperatures (RT; P < 0.05). The RT decreased to prechallenge temperatures at 9 h (PC and T3), 24 h (T1 and T2), and remained increased until d 7 in NC. At 7 and 14 d postinfection, the number of animals detected positive for ETEC by PCR assay was the greatest in NC; however, the PC group had the fewest ETEC-positive animals (P < 0.05), which was similar to T3. All challenged pigs, except T2, had greater concentrations of serum haptoglobin compared with CON, with the greatest concentration observed in NC (P < 0.001). Challenged pigs had increased serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 3 to 48 h postinfection, with the greatest concentration of TNF-α at 48 h observed in NC (P < 0.05). Similarly, greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of interferon-γ were observed for 9 h (T1 and T3), 24 h (T2 and PC), and 48 h (NC) postinfection. The serum concentration of IL-6 increased (P < 0.05) for 3 h in T3 and 24 h in NC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that L. plantarum CJLP243, at a concentration of 10(10) cfu/kg, may serve as a potential alternative to antibiotic supplementation to improve the growth and health performance of weaning pigs, especially during acute inflammation of the gut after bacterial infections.
Copper Nanoparticles Mediated by Chitosan: Synthesis and Characterization via Chemical Methods (2012)

Herein we report a synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) in chitosan (Cts) media via a chemical reaction method. The nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous solution in the presence of Cts as stabilizer and CuSO(4)·5H(2)O precursor. The synthesis proceeded with addition of NaOH as pH moderator, ascorbic acid as antioxidant and hydrazine( )as the reducing agent. The characterization of the prepared NPs was done using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which showed a 593 nm copper band. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images were also observed, and found to be in agreement with the UV-Vis result, confirming the formation of metallic Cu-NPs. The mean size of the Cu-NPs was estimated to be in the range of 35-75 nm using X-ray diffraction. XRD was also used in analysis of the crystal structure of the NPs. The interaction between the chitosan and the synthesized NPs was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, which showed the capping of the NPs by Cts.
Estimation of quality for software components (2008)

Component-Based Development (CBD) approach now is widely accepted in software industry. This approach enables efficient application development through the integration of already developed software components. The success of these applications heavily depends upon the selection of appropriate components to fit customer requirements. Therefore it is very necessary to evaluate the quality of components before using them in the final system. Quality models proposed so far can not be fully implemented as-it-is on components and component-based systems (CBS) due to architectural differences in the development approach. Present paper surveys a number of quality models for traditional and component-based systems and proposes a new model for CBS by proposing some new characteristics, which may be very relevant in the context of components. All the quality characteristics may not be of prime importance for an application to be developed for a specific domain. Therefore, it is necessary to identify only those characteristics/sub-characteristics, which may have higher priorities over the others. The present work uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign the weight values to the characteristics for the proposed model. These weight values are then used to evaluate the quality contribution of sub-characteristics, characteristics and then finally the overall quality of the component by using the appropriate metrics. This approach can be used to identify and select better quality component among several others which can be used in the final system.
Single image based hazard detection for a planetary lander (2003)

Autonomously landing a spacecraft safety in a hazardous area on a planet is a critical mission goal. To help achieve this goal, we developed a fast algorithm to detect hazards on a planetary surface using a single image from a descent spacecraft camera. This paper proposes a general approach of segmentation and classification for hazard detection and describes all implementation of this approach. The implemented algorithm uses local intensity clustering to segment the image into regions and then classifies these regions as hazards or part of the surface. We tested our methodology using synthetic terrain images as well as real images.
A Study of the Tactual Reception of Sign Language (1995)

One of the natural methods of tactual communication in common use among individuals who are both deaf and blind is the tactual reception of sign language. In this method, the receiver (who is deaf-blind) places a hand (or hands) on the dominant (or both) hand(s) of the signer in order to receive, through the tactual sense, the various formational properties associated with signs. In the study reported here, 10 experienced deaf-blind users of either American Sign Language (ASL) or Pidgin Sign English (PSE) participated in experiments to determine their ability to receive signed materials including isolated signs and sentences. A set of 122 isolated signs was received with an average accuracy of 87% correct. The most frequent type of error made in identifying isolated signs was related to misperception of individual phonological components of signs. For presentation of signed sentences (translations of the English CID sentences into ASL or PSE), the performance of individual subjects ranged from 60-85% correct reception of key signs. Performance on sentences was relatively independent of rate of presentation in signs/sec, which covered a range of roughly 1 to 3 signs/sec. Sentence errors were accounted for primarily by deletions and phonological and semantic/syntactic substitutions. Experimental results are discussed in terms of differences in performance for isolated signs and sentences, differences in error patterns for the ASL and PSE groups, and communication rates relative to visual reception of sign language and other natural methods of tactual communication.
Kinetics and Reactor Design for N2O Decomposition in the EnviNOx® Process (2013)

Abstract The kinetics of N 2 O decomposition over a commercial iron zeolite catalyst was determined in an integral laboratory reactor. The formal kinetic equation developed permits a very good description of the observed rate as a function of temperature and the concentrations of N 2 O, NO and H 2 O. The influence of mass transfer phenomena on the reaction rate was investigated experimentally by using different catalyst particle sizes. A reactor model taking into account internal and external mass transfer resistances, axial dispersion and pressure drop was developed. Reactor simulations for different configurations revealed that random packings of catalyst extrudates must be placed in radial‐flow reactors to limit the pressure drop. Honeycomb monolith catalysts are attractive alternative geometries because they allow both better utilization of active material and the design of more compact reactors.
High spin–low spin equilibrium in a six-co-ordinate cobalt(III) complex (1979)

W. Kläui, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 700 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000700
<title>Analysis of data assembling activities for radiologists and its implications for clinical acceptance of PACS</title> (1990)

This paper discusses the tasks that a Intelligent Diagnostic Radiology Workstation (IDRW) should be able to perform in addition to serving as an image review station. Included in our discussion are the types of data that an IDRW must handle. It is hoped that this discussion will lead to improved, friendlier, and more intelligent workstations which will be accepted by radiologists.
Incidence and clinical implications of ATM aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2012)

A subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) carries mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Such ATM mutations may be particularly relevant in the setting of del11q, which invariably results in the deletion of one ATM allele. To improve our understanding of the frequency and type of ATM mutations that exist in CLL, we resequenced all ATM coding exons in 24 CLL with del11q using direct sequencing. We detected two missense mutations, resulting in an ATM mutation frequency of 8%; nonsense and frameshift mutations were not identified. Given the low ATM mutation frequency detected in this cohort, we proceeded with measurements of nonmutational ATM aberrations in CLL through analysis of the activation state of ATM in response to external irradiation. The phosphorylation state of ATM at Ser-1981 was measured using quantitative immunoblotting in purified CLL cells isolated from 251 CLL patients; data were normalized to simultaneous measurements of total ATM protein and actin. Resulting p-ATM/ATM and p-ATM/actin ratios were subsequently analyzed for prognostic significance inclusive and exclusive of TP53 exons 2-10 mutations. From these analyses, conducted in a large prospectively enrolled CLL patient cohort, neither the p-ATM/ATM nor the p-ATM/actin ratios were found to be prognostic for short survival. These data in aggregate demonstrate a low frequency of ATM aberrations in an unselected CLL cohort and do not support a major prognostic role for ATM aberrations in CLL, thus motivating renewed research efforts aimed at understanding the pathobiology of 11q deletions in CLL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Census Filtering Based Stereomatching under Varying Radiometric Conditions (2015)

Census transform is a non-parametric local transform which is based on the relative ordering of pixels instead of the pixel intensity values within a window; therefore it is insensitive to radiometric variations like exposure changes and illumination variations. This work focuses on an efficient census filtering based local steromatching for images taken under varying radiometric conditions. For matching cost value computation hamming distance is taken for the dissimilarity measure. Finally for cost aggregation guided filtering is used. Guided filter has edge preserving property and runs faster than the bilateral filtering based cost aggregation. The experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm provides better disparities for images taken under varying radiometric conditions than the conventional stereomatching algorithm.
PCI Express Technology 3.0 (2012)

Reactive oxygen metabolites play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion related gastric injury. Primary sources of reactive oxygen metabolites seem to be the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and neutrophils accumulating within the reperfused tissue. Tissue myeloperoxidase activity is an important index of neutrophil accumulation. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of L-carnitine on the accumulation of neutrophils and neutrophil-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats exposed to ischemia-reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, ischemia-reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion plus L-carnitine groups. Ischemia was induced by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min and then reperfusion was established for 60 min. Gastric injury was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity in gastric tissue. The neutrophil accumulation and hemorrhagic lesions due to ischemia-reperfusion in gastric mucosa were ascertained in a histological study. L-Carnitine (100 mg kg(-1)) administrated intravenously 5 min before ischemia significantly reduced both the gastric injury and myeloperoxidase activity compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group. The results suggest that L-carnitine provides marked protection against ischemia-reperfusion-related gastric injury which could be due to its ability to reduce neutrophil accumulation in ischemic tissue.
Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen zur in vitro‐Wirkung von Dipyridamol auf das Pseudorabiesvirus (1982)

Abstract Dipyridamole at a concentration of 50 μM/ml displays no activity on adsorption and penetration of pseudorabies virus in chicken embryonal cells. Furthermore, first stages of virus replication take place within the nucleus, whereas incomplete virus cores defective in DNA content are found within the nucleoplasm at times when the regular viral replication has been finished in controls. Defective pseudorabies virus particles lacking in DNA‐content of the core, can be observed at the end of normal replication time. Consequently, the antiviral activity of dipyridamole may be due to blocking of the synthesis or of the incoporation of infectious viral DNA into the virus core.
Structure determination of planar defects in crystals of germanium and molybdenum by HREM (1988)

The possibility of the structure determination of planar defects in crystals by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) is presented. The optimum conditions for a direct visual interpretation of the projected structure are discussed using two typical examples: a Σ = 5 tilt grain boundary in germanium and a Σ = 41 grain boundary in molybdenum. It is shown that two particular defect images taken at the Scherzer defocus and at reverse contrast enable an approximate input structure to be found which can be employed to start a trial-and-error method. A practical procedure improving this input structure is proposed on the basis of the calculated positioning errors. It is demonstrated that positioning errors are mainly due to the electron microscope transfer function. The effect of crystal tilt is shown to modify greatly the atomic column visibility at the interface plane. Finally three-dimensional analysis of an interface is proposed by observation of it along two (or more) low-index axes. This procedure is illustrated on the Ge Σ = 5 grain boundary observed along [001] and [310].
Accurate margin calculation for single flux quantum logic cells (2018)

This paper presents a novel method for accurate margin calculation of single flux quantum (SFQ) logic cells in a superconducting electronic circuit. The proposed method can be utilized as a figure of merit to estimate the robustness of a logic cell without the need for expensive Monte-Carlo simulations. This is achieved through efficient state-space exploration of all parameters in the cell structure. Using the proposed approach, distinct parameter dispersion (DPD) based yield of SFQ cells increases by 55% on average, compared with state-of-the-art techniques.
The Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 Positively Regulates T Cell Activation (2017)

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) regulate inducible transcription in multiple cellular processes and during inflammatory and immune response. However, the functions of general control nonrepressed-protein 5 (<i>Gcn5</i>), an evolutionarily conserved HAT from yeast to human, in immune regulation remain unappreciated. In this study, we conditionally deleted <i>Gcn5</i> (encoded by the <i>Kat2a</i> gene) specifically in T lymphocytes by crossing floxed <i>Gcn5</i> and <i>Lck-Cre</i> mice, and demonstrated that Gcn5 plays important roles in multiple stages of T cell functions including development, clonal expansion, and differentiation. Loss of Gcn5 functions impaired T cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and Th1/Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cell differentiation. Gcn5 is recruited onto the <i>il-2</i> promoter by interacting with the NFAT in T cells upon TCR stimulation. Interestingly, instead of directly acetylating NFAT, Gcn5 catalyzes histone H3 lysine H9 acetylation to promote IL-2 production. T cell-specific suppression of Gcn5 partially protected mice from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an experimental model for human multiple sclerosis. Our study reveals previously unknown physiological functions for Gcn5 and a molecular mechanism underlying these functions in regulating T cell immunity. Hence Gcn5 may be an important new target for autoimmune disease therapy.
Four-wave mixing in travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier (1989)

Experiments on codirectional nondegencrate four-wave mixing in a 1.52µm travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier are presented. Estimations for the spontaneous carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor are derived from comparison between experimental and calculated results from theory based on signal-induced carrier-density modulation.
A Minimal Access Far-Lateral Approach to Foramen Magnum Lesions (2014)

Objectives The far-lateral approach is widely used to treat pathology of the ventral foramen magnum. Numerous methods of exposure have been described, most of which utilize long skin incisions and myocutaneous flaps. Here we present our experience with gaining exposure through a small paramedian incision using a muscle-splitting technique. Design A cadaveric anatomical study was first performed to verify the feasibility of the approach. We then describe our experience with using the approach in 13 patients. A retrospective chart review was performed and data regarding pathology, imaging, and complications were collected. Results The cadaveric study confirmed that a small paramedian muscle-splitting approach allows sufficient exposure to approach many foramen magnum lesions. Our case series included 10 patients with meningioma, one brainstem glioblastoma, one posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm, and one odontoid pannus. The exposure was adequate in all cases. For the meningioma patients, six had gross total resections and four had subtotal resection because of tumor adherence to neurovascular structures. Two patients experienced postoperative cardiovascular complications. There were no new neurologic deficits, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, or wound complications. Conclusions A small paramedian incision may be used to gain exposure and perform successful far-lateral approaches. The small exposure is likely to reduce the risk of local complications such as cerebrospinal fluid fistula and pseudomeningocele when compared with larger exposures.
Akt- and CREB-Mediated Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibition by Nexrutine, a Phellodendron amurense Extract (2006)

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that plant-based diets can reduce the risk of prostate cancer. However, very little information is available concerning the use of botanicals in preventing prostate cancer. As a first step toward developing botanicals as prostate cancer preventives, we examined the effect of Nexrutine on human prostate cancer cells. Nexrutine is a herbal extract developed from Phellodendron amurense. Phellodendron extracts have been used traditionally in Chinese medicine for hundreds of years as an antidiarrheal, astringent, and anti-inflammatory agent. The present study investigated its potential antitumor effect on human prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest that it inhibits tumor cell proliferation through apoptosis induction and inhibition of cell survival signaling. The results of the present study indicate that Nexrutine treatment 1) inhibits the proliferation of both androgen-responsive and androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptosis; 2) reduces levels of pAkt, phosphorylated cAMP response-binding protein (pCREB) and CREB DNA-binding activity; and 3) induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells stably overexpressing Bcl-2. Further, Akt kinase activity was reduced in cells treated with Nexrutine, and ectopic expression of myristoylated Akt protected from Nexrutine induced inhibition of proliferation, implicating a role for Akt signaling.
Adaptation and specialization for high performance mobile agents (1999)

Mobile agents as a new design paradigm for distributed computing&#13;\npotentially permit network applications to operate across&#13;\ndynamic and heterogeneous systems and networks.&#13;\nAgent computing, however, is subject to inefficiencies due to&#13;\nthe complexities of the environments in which agents are&#13;\ndeployed, which requires agent-based programs to rely on underlying&#13;\nagent systems to mask some of those complexities, by using&#13;\nsystem-wide, uniform representations of agent code and data and&#13;\nby 'hiding' the volatility in agents' 'spatial' relationships.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis paper explores two approaches for improving the performance&#13;\nof agent-based programs: (1) runtime adaptation and (2) agent&#13;\nspecialization. Our general aim is to enable programmers&#13;\nto employ these techniques to improve program performance without&#13;\nsacrificing the fundamental advantages promised by mobile agent&#13;\nprogramming. The specific results in this paper demonstrate the&#13;\nbeneficial effects of agent adaptation both for a single mobile&#13;\nagent and for several cooperating agents, using the adaptation&#13;\ntechniques of agent morphing and agent fusion.&#13;\nExperimental results are attained with two sample high performance&#13;\ndistributed applications, derived from the scientific domain&#13;\nand from sensor-based codes, respectively.
Leptin surge precedes onset of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and correlates with development of pathogenic T cell responses (2003)

In the work presented here, we explored the influence of leptin on the kinetics of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) onset, in the EAE-associated inflammatory anorexia, and in the development of pathogenic T cell responses. We found that the expression of serum leptin increased before the clinical onset of EAE in disease-susceptible C57BL/6J (H-2 b ) and SJL/J (H-2 s ) strains of mice, which are models of chronic-progressive and relapsing-remitting EAE, respectively. This increase in serum leptin correlated with disease susceptibility, reduction in food intake, and decrease in body weight. Indeed, acute starvation, which is able to prevent the increase in serum leptin, delayed disease onset and attenuated clinical symptoms by inducing a T helper 2 cytokine switch. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a parallel in situ production of leptin in inflammatory infiltrates and in neurons only during the acute/active phase of both chronic-progressive and relapsing-remitting EAE. We also found that leptin secretion by activated T cells sustained their proliferation in an autocrine loop, since antileptin receptor antibodies were able to inhibit the proliferative response of autoreactive T cells in vitro. Given that leptin appears to regulate EAE susceptibility, inflammatory anorexia, and pathogenic T-cell immune function, we postulate that it may offer a potential target in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.