gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of two-dimensional single-crystal berzelianite nanosheets and nanoplates with near-infrared optical absorption (2009)

The solar cell industry requires convenient and inexpensive fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures as highly efficient absorptive layers with low-cost, environmentally benign, heavy-metal-free (i.e., free from Hg, Cd, and Pb) and suitable band gap near 1 eV features. In this paper, we demonstrate the synthesis of two-dimensional single-crystal berzelianite (Cu2−xSe) nanosheets (in-plane diameter-to-thickness ratio ∼100) and nanoplates (in-plane diameter-to-thickness ratio ∼10) via a simple, “green” and environmentally benign method of injecting Cu(I)-complex precursor into Se-solution in paraffin liquid. Unlike the previous syntheses of binary chalcogenide nanostructures such as CdSe, the current strategy for berzelianite synthesis does not use expensive and toxic phosphine ligands such as trioctylphosphine (TOP). The products were characterized by a range of methods, such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction, revealing that the products have the cubic phase and high-quality single-crystal two-dimensional nanostructure. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy reveals that the nanosheets and nanoplates show obvious absorption onsets at 0.89 eV and 0.80 eV, respectively, and strong optical absorption peak at 1.70 eV and 1.62 eV, covering the whole red range of the solar spectrum. The present study opens a new avenue to “green” and low-cost controllable synthesis of binary chalcogenides with technological applications in solar energy conversion and also in a wide range of photonic devices operating in the near-infrared.
Epithelioid Hemangioma of Bone and Soft Tissue: A Reappraisal of a Controversial Entity (2011)

Level IV, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fully Inkjet-Printed Biosensors Fabricated with a Highly Stable Ink Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Enzyme-Functionalized Nanoparticles (2021)

Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the chamber walls and stability loss during printing as a result of thermal and/or mechanical stress. It is well known that the catalytic activity can be preserved for significantly longer periods of time and to harsher operational conditions when enzymes are immobilized onto adequate surfaces. Therefore, in this work, horseradish peroxidase was covalently immobilized onto silica nanoparticles. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed into an aqueous ink containing single walled carbon nanotubes. Electrodes printed with this specially formulated ink were characterized, and enzyme electrodes were printed. To test the performance of the enzyme electrodes, a complete amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by inkjet printing. The electrochemical response of the printed electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in solutions containing redox species, such as hexacyanoferrate (III/II) ions or hydroquinone. The response of the enzyme electrodes was studied for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Three months after the ink preparation, the printed enzyme electrodes were found to still exhibit similar sensitivity, demonstrating that catalytic activity is preserved in the proposed ink. Thus, enzyme electrodes can be successfully printed employing highly stable formulation using nanoparticles as carriers.
Principles of Microstructural Formation in Semi-Solid Metal Processing (2006)

The essential first step in semi-solid forming is to obtain a high grain density during the initial stages of solidification of an alloy melt. This is usually done by a combination of cooling and convection. If the grain density is too low, the resulting structure is one of conventional coarse dendrites, unsuitable for semi-solid forming. At higher grain densities, fine dendrites grow that can be coarsened to a spheroidal structure in a short enough time to be of practical interest for semi-solid forming. If the initial grain density is still higher, the grains grow in a fully spheroidal manner. Thus there are two distinctly different paths to formation of the desired structure: 1) coarsening of fine dendrites, and 2) direct spheroidal growth. We are beginning to understand quantitatively the conditions necessary to form spheroids in these two different ways.
A reference case for economic evaluations in osteoarthritis: An expert consensus article from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) (2014)

The ESCEO group proposes a set of disease-specific recommendations on the conduct and reporting of economic evaluations in OA that could help the standardisation and comparability of studies that evaluate therapeutic strategies of OA in terms of costs and effectiveness.
Effects of Atrioventricular Optimization on Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Results of the SMART-CRT Trial (2023)

gov; Unique identifier: NCT03089281.
Native myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein promotes severe chronic neurological disease and demyelination in Biozzi ABH mice (2005)

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a powerful encephalitogen for experimental autoimmune demyelination. However, the use of MOG peptides or recombinant proteins representing part of the protein fails to fully address the possible pathogenic role of the full-length myelin-derived protein expressing post-translational modifications. Immunization of mice with central nervous system tissues from wild-type (WT) and MOG-deficient (MOG(-/-)) mice demonstrates that MOG in myelin is necessary for the development of chronic demyelinating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. While immunization with WT spinal cord homogenate (SCH) resulted in a progressive EAE phenotype, MOG(-/-) SCH induced a mild self-limiting acute disease. Following acute EAE with MOG(-/-) SCH, mice developed T cell responses to recombinant mouse MOG (rmMOG), indicating that MOG released from myelin is antigenic; however, the lack of chronic disease indicates that such responses were not pathogenic. Chronic demyelinating EAE was observed when MOG(-/-) SCH was reconstituted with a dose of rmMOG comparable to MOG in myelin (2.5% of total white matter-derived protein). These data reveal that while immunization with the full-length post-translational modified form of MOG in myelin promotes the development of a more chronic autoimmune demyelinating neurological disease, MOG (and/or other myelin proteins) released from myelin during ongoing disease do not induce destructive autoimmunity.
Electrochemistry at Very Small Electrodes. (1985)

Work was carried out in three areas; correlation of spectroscopy with the results of electrochemical experiments ion ionic liquids (molten salts); studies of cathodic stripping voltammetry, primarily at silver electrodes studies of the behavior of micro-electrodes - electrodes with micron dimensions. Results are summarized, primarily with reference to Technical Reports and journal publication. (Author)
Characterisation of the endotoxic and proinflammatory activity of different airborne dust fractions from animal houses. (2009)

Dissonance among 23 professional and 7 paraprofessional staff of drug service agencies toward case record management of addicts was investigated. Analysis showed that these paraprofessionals, former drug addicts now in a treatment role, tend to be more critical of how case records are dealt with than professional staff. The data favour the hypothesis that the greater the diversity of staff's background characteristics, the greater are the chances for disagreement and discord in organization and management.
Development of novel liposomal and receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted immunoliposomal vinorelbine formulations with improved drug retention (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

4394 

Following the successful clinical development of liposomal anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), vinca alkaloids are the next most likely candidates to join the list of clinically approved liposomal anticancer agents. However, in contrast to anthracyclines, liposome-encapsulated vincas suffer from increased drug leakage rates in vivo due to the inherently higher hydrophilicity of these drugs. We have developed a novel liposome drug loading strategy employing transmembrane gradients of the salts formed by polyalkyl-substituted amines with highly charged anions that allowed for improved loading capacity, loading efficiency, and greatly improved in vivo drug encapsulation stability of anticancer vinca alkaloids. This strategy was applied to vinorelbine, an attractive candidate for liposomal delivery due to its favorable toxicity profile, positive clinical experience in breast and lung carcinomas, and a chemical structure amenable to active loading into liposomes via transmembrane gradient approach. A series of liposomal vinorelbine formulations using various drug loads and intraliposomal drug-stabilizing anions were prepared, with drug-to-lipid ratios of up to 0.5 g/mmol phospholipid, and encapsulation efficiency over 90%. In vivo drug release rates in the blood of rats varies from drug release half-life of 1.8 hours to over 24 hours. These formulations showed prominent antitumor activity in several human and syngeneic tumor models in mice. The most active of these formulations is currently in Phase I clinical trials. The suitability of these novel vinorelbine liposome formulations for antibody-directed targeting (immunotargeting) was also studied. HER2- or EGFR- targeted immunoliposomal vinorelbines formulations were prepared from the amphiphilic PEG-DSPE conjugated of anti-HER2 scFv or anti-EGFR Fab’ and preformed vinorelbine liposomes using a micellar insertion method. The immunoliposomal vinorelbines showed target-specific cytototoxicity in cell cultures and good in vivo stability. Antitumor efficacy of these formulations tested in HER2-overexpressing breast tumor and EGFR-overexpressing brain tumor xenografts in nude mice was target specific and dependent on the rate of drug release from the liposome, with more stable constructs showing greater efficacy. Thus, better anticancer properties of liposomally formulated vinca alkaloids were achieved through improved drug encapsulation stability and cancer cell-specific targeting.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates the Activity-Dependent Regulation of Inhibition in Neocortical Cultures (1997)

The excitability of cortical circuits is modulated by interneurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. In primate and rodent visual cortex, activity deprivation leads to a decrease in the expression of GABA. This suggests that activity is able to adjust the strength of cortical inhibition, but this has not been demonstrated directly. In addition, the nature of the signal linking activity to GABA expression has not been determined. Activity is known to regulate the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and BDNF has been shown to influence the phenotype of GABAergic interneurons. We use a culture system from postnatal rat visual cortex to test the hypothesis that activity is regulating the strength of cortical inhibition through the regulation of BDNF. Cultures were double-labeled against GABA and the neuronal marker MAP2, and the percentage of neurons that were GABA-positive was determined. Blocking spontaneous activity in these cultures reversibly decreased the number of GABA-positive neurons without affecting neuronal survival. Voltage-clamp analysis of inhibitory currents demonstrated that activity blockade also decreased GABA-mediated inhibition onto pyramidal neurons and raised pyramidal neuron firing rates. All of these effects were prevented by incubation with BDNF during activity blockade, but not by neurotrophin 3 or nerve growth factor. Additionally, blockade of neurotrophin signaling mimicked the effects of activity blockade on GABA expression. These data suggest that activity regulates cortical inhibition through a BDNF-dependent mechanism and that this neurotrophin plays an important role in the control of cortical excitability.
Construction of Nitrogen‐Heterocyclic Compounds Through Zirconium‐Mediated Intramolecular Alkene‐Carbonyl Coupling Reaction of N‐(o‐Alkenylaryl)carbamate Derivatives. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sphere decoding-based iterative MAP receiver for spatial multiplexing systems (2004)

In this paper, we present a complexity-reduced iterative algorithm for joint maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection and channel estimation in spatial multiplexing systems. To reduce the complexity associated with the MAP detection, which increases exponentially as the number of transmit antennas and the modulation order increase, we propose a modified sphere decoder (SD) algorithm for the MAP detection. It enumerates the symbol sequences with the high extrinsic probabilities, which fall inside a sphere centered at the received signal point at the same time. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme dramatically reduces the complexity as compared to that of the original SD algorithm with moderate performance degradation. Since a degree of the complexity reduction depends on the sphere radius, we also discuss a suitable distance to warrant the good performance/complexity tradeoffs.
Transcriptional Activation of Heat Shock Factor HSF1 Probed by Phosphopeptide Analysis of Factor 32P-labeled in Vivo (1998)

Mapping of tryptic phosphopeptides of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) from non-stressed or moderately heat-stressed HeLa cells, labeled in vivo by [32P]orthophosphate, revealed four major phosphopeptides A to D. Heat stress drastically increased phosphopeptide signals. To identify target peptides and amino acids and to correlate phosphorylation and transactivation function, phosphopeptide maps were produced of LexA-human HSF1 chimeras and mutant derivatives thereof, and transactivation activities of original and mutant chimeras were compared. LexA-HSF1 chimeras were previously shown to be regulated identically to HSF1, except that they transactivate promoters with LexA-binding sites instead of hsp promoters. The patterns of phosphopeptides of LexA-HSF1 and endogenous HSF1 were similar. Analysis of single residue substitutions suggested that phosphopeptide C is peptide VKEEPPSPPQSPR (297-309) phosphorylated on Ser-307 but not Ser-303. Substitution of Ser-307 but not Ser-303 caused deregulation of factor activity. Mapping of several constitutively active chimeras associated unphosphorylated peptide C with the transcriptionally active HSF1 conformation, suggesting that dephosphorylation of this peptide (at Ser-307) may either be an integral step in the activation process or serve to maintain the active conformation of HSF1. Exploiting this correlation, indirect evidence was obtained that activation domains of HSF1 interact with the distantly located regulatory domain to maintain the factor in an inactive state.
USE OF DIGITAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SLUG FLOW IN A NARROW VERTICAL PIPE (2010)

In the present study the conductivity probe technique has been adopted to investigate slug flow in a vertical narrow pipe of 0.012 m ID. Measurements have been made for air phase velocity varying from 0.05 to 7 m/s and water from 0.15 to 2 m/s. Several analyses of the random signals, namely PDF, FFT, and wavelet multi-resolution of the signal, have been performed. Different quantitative measures of the PDF and FFT curves as well the fluctuations at the different scales of the wavelet analysis have been used to identify the range of existence of the slug flow pattern. An objective flow pattern indicator has been developed on the basis of the measurement. The flow pattern indicator is effective in defining “pure” and “bubbly” slug flow and differentiating them from dispersed and annular pattern.
Two-Stage Frequency Synchronization for Uplink MC-CDMA System (2007)

In this paper we propose a two-stage carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator for frequency synchronization in the uplink of MC-CDMA system. The proposed approach is non-data-aided and uses only the second order statistics (SOS) of the received signal. In the first stage, determinant of a matrix which is a function of the CFO is used as a cost function. A linear search is performed and the search point which minimizes the determinant value is taken as the estimated CFO. This is called coarse synchronization. In the second stage, adaptive LMS algorithm is used to estimate the CFO. The LMS algorithm is initialized with the estimated CFO from the first stage. The application of the gradient type algorithm is due to the local convexity of the cost function. The performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated through computer simulations.
Validation of a Nonbonded Force Field for Metal-Organic Frameworks. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Disassembly of interchromatin granule clusters alters the coordination of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing (2002)

To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant, Clk/STY(K190R), causes retention of hypophosphorylated SR proteins in nuclear speckles. Our data suggest that the protein-protein interactions responsible for the clustering of interchromatin granules are disrupted when SR proteins are hyperphosphorylated and stabilized when SR proteins are hypophosphorylated. Interestingly, cells without intact IGCs continue to synthesize nascent transcripts. However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei.
Sex-sorted sperm for artificial insemination and embryo transfer programs in cattle (2014)

The selection of offspring from the desired sex can be one of the determining factors to increase the genetic progress and farmer´s profitability in either beef or dairy cattle. In fact, the use of sex-sorted sperm has been applied worldwide combined with artificial insemination (AI) upon estrus detection in heifers. Additionally, several researches have been performed aiming to investigate the use of sex-sorted sperm during timed AI (TAI) programs and for insemination of superstimulated donors for in vivo embryo programs. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) of cyclic heifers inseminated in estrus with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to be approximately 75 to 80% of the P/AI of heifers inseminated with non-sorted sperm. Insemination of superstimulated cows with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to reduce the production of viable embryos. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that P/AI and embryo production per flushing resulting from AI with sex-sorted sperm may be improved when the time of AI is postponed in relation to the time of AI with non-sorted sperm. The P/AI of non stimulated females and fertilization rates and number of embryos recovered from superstimulated females were increased when AI occurred between 16 and 24 h after the onset of estrus (i.e. 6 to 14 h before ovulation). Nonetheless, despite the improvements achieved in the last decade, there is still a significant individual variability in fertility among bulls that have their sperm sex-sorted. It is critical that the pre-determination of the sire fertility is a paramount when sex-sorted sperm is utilized in commercial AI and ET programs. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the main concepts related to the use of sex-sorted sperm in TAI and ET programs, addressing some strategies to increase the efficiency of the technique.
Identification of steroid C27 monooxygenase isoenzymes involved in sterol catabolism and stepwise pathway engineering of Mycobacterium neoaurum for improved androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production (2019)

Cholesterol oxidase, steroid C27 monooxygenase and 3-ketosteroid-Δ<sup>1</sup>-dehydrogenase are key enzymes involved in microbial catabolism of sterols. Here, three isoenzymes of steroid C27 monooxygenase were firstly characterized from Mycobacterium neoaurum as the key enzyme in sterol C27-hydroxylation. Among these three isoenzymes, steroid C27 monooxygenase 2 exhibits the strongest function in sterol catabolism. To improve androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production, cholesterol oxidase, steroid C27 monooxygenase 2 and 3-ketosteroid-Δ<sup>1</sup>-dehydrogenase were coexpressed to strengthen the metabolic flux to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, and 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione catabolism, was disrupted to block the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione degradation pathway in M. neoaurum JC-12. Finally, the recombinant strain JC-12<sub>S2-choM-ksdd/ΔkshA</sub> produced 20.1 g/L androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, which is the highest reported production with sterols as substrate. Therefore, this work is hopes to pave the way for efficient androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production through metabolic engineering.
Search for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract This paper presents a search for direct electroweak gaugino or gluino pair production with a chargino nearly mass-degenerate with a stable neutralino. It is based on an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The final state of interest is a disappearing track accompanied by at least one jet with high transverse momentum from initial-state radiation or by four jets from the gluino decay chain. The use of short track segments reconstructed from the innermost tracking layers significantly improves the sensitivity to short chargino lifetimes. The results are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions. Exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level on the mass of charginos and gluinos for different chargino lifetimes. For a pure wino with a lifetime of about 0.2 ns, chargino masses up to 460 GeV are excluded. For the strong production channel, gluino masses up to 1.65 TeV are excluded assuming a chargino mass of 460 GeV and lifetime of 0.2 ns.