gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An academic health center cost analysis of screening mammography (2004)

The current study showed that SM programs are unlikely to succeed financially without careful selection of those screened to increase the yield of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Based on favorable contribution margins, SM programs were viable when viewed as incremental business.
Administration of a vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist enhances the autologous anti-leukemia T cell response in murine models of acute leukemia (2017)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuroendocrine peptide hormone that has potent anti-inflammatory activities. VIP signaling through its receptor VPAC1 on T cells leads to reduced proliferation and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. We report here that inhibition of the VIP pathway with a peptide antagonist significantly enhances a T-cell-dependent, autologous anti-leukemia response in murine models of acute myeloid leukemia and T lymphoblastic leukemia. Subcutaneous administration of the VIP antagonist, VIPhyb, resulted in reduced tumor burden and significantly enhanced survival (30-50% survival) over vehicle-treated controls (0-20% survival). The T cells in mice treated with VIPhyb expressed lower levels of the co-inhibitory PD-1 and secreted higher levels of IFNγ. Furthermore, T cells from VIPhyb-treated survivors were protective against C1498 following adoptive transfer. These data highlight the potential for the VIP pathway as a novel target for immunomodulation in settings of hematological malignancies.
What is the most relevant standard of success in assisted reproduction?: No single outcome measure is satisfactory when evaluating success in assisted reproduction; both twin births and singleton births should be counted as successes (2004)

The 2002 recommendation of the consensus meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) that the outcome measure of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and non-ART should be 'singleton live birth rate' could profoundly effect the ability of infertility patients to become pregnant. We reviewed published reports and new data concerning elective single embryo transfer (eSET) vs. double embryo transfer (DET) and the outcome of twin pregnancies in the United States, as well as recommendations of other Societies concerning number of embryos to transfer and methods used to measure ART success. We found that no single outcome measure of ART is ideal. Mandatory eSET would result in 42%-70% fewer births compared to DET. Infertility treatments account for only 12% of all twin pregnancies and 4% of all premature births in the United States. Twin and singleton births due to ART do not occur earlier than spontaneously conceived twins and singletons unless they started as triplet and higher order pregnancies. Multiple outcome measures are necessary when evaluating ART success. Twin as well as singleton births should be counted as ART successes. The essential aim of infertility treatment should be a healthy low order (singleton or twin) birth.
CD27/CD70, CD134/CD134 ligand, and CD30/CD153 pathways are independently essential for generation of regulatory cells after intratracheal delivery of alloantigen (2003)

The CD27/CD70, CD134/CD134L, and CD30/CD153 pathways are independently required for generation of regulatory cells in our model.
Interpretation of Spin-Wave Modes in Co/Ag Nanodot Arrays Probed by Broadband Ferromagnetic Resonance (2023)

We present a detailed investigation of the magnetization dynamics in $\mathrm{Co}$/$\mathrm{Ag}$ nanodots, which due to their size can support standing spin-wave (SSW) modes with complex spectral responses. To interpret the experimentally measured broadband vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance data, we compare the spectra of the nanoarray structure with those of the unpatterned $\mathrm{Co}$/$\mathrm{Ag}$ film of identical thickness, which serves as a baseline for obtaining the general magnetic parameters of the system. Using a frequency-domain matrix-free simulation method of the dynamic response, we identify the nature of the excitation modes, which allows us to assess the boundary conditions for the nanodots. We find excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental values for the frequencies of the fundamental (uniformlike) (011) mode. The existence of an edge-localized mode in the experiment has been confirmed and fits very well with theory and micromagnetic simulations, having the form of a flapping mode at the extrema of the nanodot in one of the in-plane directions. Its frequency is below the fundamental mode's frequency and has been shown to be a consequence of the imaginary wave vector for such localized SSW modes. Higher-order SSW modes can be generated from the theory, which allows us to find a probable mode number for the second bulk SSW (201 or 221 or 131), which lies at frequencies above the fundamental mode.
Two Dimensional Ice Adsorbed on Mica Surface (1997)

First principles molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on water adsorption at the surface of muscovite mica. At monolayer coverage we found water to condense into a fully connected two dimensional hydrogen bond network, which we denote as 2D ice. The structure is stable up to 300 K and it is proposed as a candidate for the solidlike structure recently detected in scanning polarization force microscopy on the hydrated muscovite surface at room temperature [Hu et al., Science 268, 267 (1995)].
IL-1 inhibitors: novel agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

IL-1 is a pleiotropic cytokine shown to play a major role in synovitis and in the mechanisms that lead to the progressive joint destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a member of the IL-1 family, binds IL-1 receptors but does not induce a cellular response. IL-1Ra competitively inhibits the binding of IL-1 to its cell surface receptors and thus acts as an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. In different experimental animal models of arthritis systemic administration of IL-1Ra, or local delivery into the joints by gene therapy attenuated the severity of the inflammatory response and reduced articular destruction. In addition, treatment of RA patients with IL-1Ra led to an improvement in different clinical and biological parameters and to a reduction in the radiological signs of joint erosions. Recently, interesting results were obtained using IL-1Ra in combination with methotrexate, a well-known antirheumatic drug, or in combination with other strategies designed to block the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Encouraging results also have been reported in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of arthritis by using other strategies designed to block the effects of IL-1.
A fronto‐parietal circuit for object manipulation in man: evidence from an fMRI‐study (1999)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to localize brain areas active during manipulation of complex objects. In one experiment subjects were required to manipulate complex objects for exploring their macrogeometric features as compared to manipulation of a simple smooth object (a sphere). In a second experiment subjects were asked to manipulate complex objects and to silently name them upon recognition as compared to manipulation of complex not recognizable objects without covert naming. Manipulation of complex objects resulted in an activation of ventral premotor cortex [Brodmann's area (BA) 44], of a region in the intraparietal sulcus (most probably corresponding to the anterior intraparietal area in the monkey), of area SII and of a sector of the superior parietal lobule. When the objects were covertly named additional activations were found in the opercular part of BA 44 and in the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45). We suggest that a fronto-parietal circuit for manipulation of objects exists in humans and involves basically the same areas as in the monkey. It is proposed that area SII analyses the intrinsic object characteristics whilst the superior parietal lobule is related to kinaesthesia.
Conformance Control Using SMG Microgels: Laboratory Evaluation and First Field Results (2017)

Abstract SMG Microgels are pre-gelled polymers having a narrow size distribution and behaving like large polymer molecules. Their stability is strongly enhanced by internal cross-links. Several SMG microgels having different chemical compositions and cross-link density, with a size of around 2 μm were submited to laboratory corefloodtests. SMG propagation in reservoirs is driven by a size exclusion mechanism. Microgel size prevents invasion of low permeability zones and creates flow resistance in high permeability zones by adsorption on the rock. The permeability cutoff can be tuned by microgel size and chemistry. Permeability reduction generated by SMGs is determined by the thickness of the adsorbed layer which is roughly the size of the microgel in solution. It is little dependent of the adsorption level. Adsorption depends on the chemical composition of the microgel and on the nature of the rock. An SMG Microgel with soft consistency was selected for a Conformance Control field application in a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir. Reservoir permeability ranges between 10 mD and 1200 mD with an average permeability of around 200 mD. The pattern consists of one injection well surrounded by eleven offset producers. The injection lasted 3 months with a total volume of 9,000 m3. After a few months, six offset producers showed increase in oil rate along with a reduction of a few points of water cut. One well lost both water and oil, thus proving diversion to the other wells. The trend remains steadily established in the pattern with continuous increase in additional oil production. After two years, more than 33,000 bbl of additional oil has been produced, giving a ratio of less than 0.7 lb of microgel per extra barrel of oil.
Functional imaging by dynamic speckle in digital holographic optical coherence imaging (2007)

Digital holographic optical coherence imaging (DHOCI) is a full-frame coherence-gated imaging approach that uses a CCD camera to record and reconstruct a digital hologram from inside tissue. Our recording of digital holograms at the optical Fourier plane has advantages for diffuse targets compared with Fresnel off-axis digital holography. DHOCI is capable of performing functional imaging by using dynamic image speckle as a contrast agent to locate regions of high metabolic activity characterized by high cellular motility. We show strong dynamic speckle difference between three metabolic states of a tumor, and demonstrate that functional imaging in DHOCI can capture motility information with high contrast. We apply functional imaging to track the effect on cell motility by temperature changes or cytoskeletal drugs.
Diffusion of SF6 in 13X zeolite (1976)

Experimental diffusivities for SF6 and 13X zeolite show the same from of concentration dependence as has been recently reported for small molecules in 5A zeolite. The data can be explained by the same type of collisional diffusion mechanism, which is based on the assumption that the flux arises mainly from a small fraction of rapidly moving molecules with mean free paths spanning several cages. The diffusivities derived from the sorption measurements are very much smaller than those previously estimated from n.m.r. experiments but the jump frequency, estimated from the Henry's law constants, agrees well with the n.m.r. correlation time. This suggests that the adsorbed molecules may have a high degree of mobility on a localized scale (possibly within a cage) but that over larger distances (several cages) the mobility is very much smaller.
Molecular species of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins of human erythrocytes: Improved method of analysis (1989)

This study reports the application of modern methods of molecular species analysis in determination of the structure of both major and minor glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins of human erythrocytes. Individual phospholipid classes were resolved from total lipid extracts by thin-layer chromatography. Diradylglycerols were released by phospholipase C and converted into trimethylsilyl ethers, which were resolved into the alkenylacyl, alkylacyl and diacylglycerol subclasses by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. Molecular species of diradylglycerols and ceramides were quantitated according to carbon and double bond number by gas liquid chromatography using a fused silica capillary column wall-coated with bonded RTx-2330. The molecular species of ceramides were determined by GC/MS. The diradyl glycerophosphocholines contained 93.0% diacyl, 4.6% alkylacyl and 2.5% alkenylacyl, while the diradyl glycerophosphoethanolamines were made up of 48.8% diacyl, 47.8% alkenylacyl and 3.4% alkylacyl subclasses. Analysis of the molecular species showed that the long chain polyunsaturated acids were mainly combined with C16 in all diradyl GPC subclasses and in diacyl GPE, while in the alkylacyl and alkenylacyl GPE and in diacyl glycerophosphoinositol and diacyl glycerophosphoserine they were combined mainly with C18 saturated fatty chains. In addition to the C16 and C18 alkyl and alkenyl, the ether fractions also contained significant proportions of C20, C22 and C24 chains. The molecular species of the ceramide moieties of the SPH were made up largely of mono- and diunsaturated species. Over 200 molecular species were identified and quantitated in a representative sample of human red blood cells.
Thiourea-Mediated Stereospecific Radical Polymerization of Acrylamides and Combination with RAFT for Simultaneous Control of Molecular Weight and Tacticity (2009)

Thiourea derivatives were examined for the stereospecific radical polymerization of acrylamides via hydrogen-bonding interactions between the additives and the monomers and/or the growing polymer terminals. Among the various thioureas, moderately bulky monothioureas possessing one or two 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituents proved effective for the isospecific radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) (m = 74%) and N-isopropylacrylamide (m = 68%) in CH2Cl2 at -78 °C. The 1H NMR analysis of mixtures of the thioureas with DMAM or its dimer both indicated 1:1 interactions, accounting for the isospecific radical polymerization via the hydrogen-bonding interactions. A combination with the thioureas and RAFT agents, especially with a trithiocarbonate structure, gave the isotactic-rich polymers with controlled molecular weights and thus proved effective for the metal-free isospecific living radical polymerization of acrylamides.
Long-Term Outcomes in KEYNOTE-052: Phase II Study Investigating First-Line Pembrolizumab in Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer (2020)

First-line pembrolizumab confers meaningful and durable clinical response in cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced UC and is associated with prolonged OS, particularly with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 and lymph node-only disease.
Soft-failure Identification and Localization Method Based on Received Optical Signal Quality and Repeater Nodes’ Performance (2023)

We propose novel methodology to identify and localize soft-failures using performance metrics monitored at repeater nodes in addition to signal quality monitored at transponders and show feasibility in experiments using commercial equipment and field-deployed fibers.
The emerging role of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin in stress resistance (2012)

The discovery of humanin, a novel, mitochondrial-derived peptide, has created a potentially new category of biologically active peptide. As more research unravels the endogenous role of humanin as well as its potential pharmacological use, its role in stress resistance has become clearer. Humanin protects cells from oxidative stress, serum starvation, hypoxia, and other insults in vitro and also improves cardiovascular disease as well as Alzheimer's disease in vivo. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of humanin in stress resistance and its proposed mechanism of action.
Struktur und eigenschaften von simultanvernetzten bismaleimidmodifizierten novolak‐epoxidharzen (1992)

Abstract N,N′‐4,4′‐Diphenylmethan‐bismaleimid (BMI) wurde in halbfesten Phenolnovolak‐Epoxidharzen (EP) bis P̄, = 10 oligomerisiert. Die novolakgehärteten EP‐BMI‐Festharze bilden eine Zweiphasenstruktur, bestehend aus einer EP‐BMI‐Mischphase der beiden sich durchdringenden Netzwerke (interpenetrating polymer network, IPN) und einer BMI‐Phase. Die dynamisch‐mechanischen Eigenschaften hängen vom Gesamt‐BMI‐Anteil w 2 und vom Oligomerisierungsgrad P̄ n des BMI ab. Der relative Schubmodul des EP‐BMI‐Harzes im kautschukelastischen Zustand zeigt, daß beide Phasen kohärent sein können. Die Glastemperatur T g korreliert mit dem Oligomerisierungsgrad, z. B. entspricht ΔP n ≡ 10 einem ΔT g ≡ 35 K und einem BMI‐Anteil Δ w x 2 ≡ 0,25 in der Mischphase. Die Bruchzahigkeit bleibt unerwartet konstant.
Stereoselective construction of fluorinated indanone derivatives via a triple cascade Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction (2007)

A one-pot three-component cascade reaction proceeds by way of a Lewis acid-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation/Nazarov cyclization/electrophilic fluorination sequence to afford fluorinated 1-indanone derivatives in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivities.
Remediation of alachlor and atrazine contaminated water with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (2009)

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, diameter < 90 nm, specific surface area = 25 m(2) g(-1)) have been used under anoxic conditions for the remediation of pesticides alachlor and atrazine in water. While alachlor (10, 20, 40 mg L(-1)) was reduced by 92-96% within 72 h, no degradation of atrazine was observed. The alachlor degradation reaction was found to obey first-order kinetics very closely. The reaction rate (35.5 x 10(-3)-43.0 x 10(-3) h(-1)) increased with increasing alachlor concentration. The results are in conformity with other researchers who worked on these pesticides but mostly with micro ZVI and iron filings. This is for the first time that alachlor has been degraded under reductive environment using nZVI. The authors contend that nZVI may prove to be a simple method for on-site treatment of high concentration pesticide rinse water (100 mg L(-1)) and for use in flooring materials in pesticide filling and storage stations.
Lamellar Ceramic Semicrystalline‐Polymer Composite Fabricated by Freeze Casting (2017)

Understanding the role of ductile polymer phase in mechanical behavior of bioinspired hybrid composites is an important step toward development of materials with damage tolerant properties. Herein, the authors report on fabrication and characterization of a bioinspired lamellar composite by incorporation of a semicrystalline polymer into a freeze casted scaffold. The elastic modulus and ductility of the polymer phase can be changed by more than three and 55 times, respectively, in addition to 42 folds decrease in modulus of toughness, by thermal annealing post‐processing, after infiltration into the freeze casted ceramic scaffold. The results show that although polymer phase affects the fracture toughness and flexural behavior of the composite, the drastic changes in mechanical properties of the polymer phase has only marginal effect in the resulted properties of the composite. The authors use in situ SEM experiments and finite element simulation to investigate the deformation mechanism and the effect of the polymer phase on the distribution of stress in the fabricated composites.
Imaging of the mouse lung with scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) (2013)

New optical techniques have the potential to fill the gap between radiological and microscopic approaches to assess the lung's internal structure. Since its quantitative assessment requires unbiased sampling and measurement principles, imaging of the whole lung with sufficient resolution for visualizing details is important. To address this request, we applied scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) for the three dimensional imaging of mouse lung <i>ex vivo</i>. SLOT is a highly efficient flourescence and transmission microscopy technique allowing for 3D imaging of specimen of sizes up to several millimeters. Previously fixed lung lobes and whole lungs were optically cleared and subsequently imaged with SLOT while making use of intrinsic contrast mechanisms like absorption and autofluorescence. Imaging of airways, blood vessels and parenchyma is demonstrated. Volumetric SLOT datasets of the lung's internal structure can be analyzed in any preferred planar orientation. Moreover, the sample preparation preserves microscopic structure of the lung and allows for subsequent correlative histologic studies. In summary, SLOT is a useful technique to visualize and survey the internal structure of mouse lung at different scales and with various contrast mechanisms. Potential applications of SLOT in lung research are e.g. quantitative phenotype analysis of mouse models of human lung disease in combination with stereological methods.
A new algorithm for convergence verification in circuit level simulations (2014)

In this paper we present a new algorithm, based on Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) verification, for assessing convergence in circuit-level simulation and its implementation in the NGSPICE open source circuit simulator. We start from the analysis of false convergence problems appeared in the analysis of test circuits that we found to be related to the convergence checks that NGSPICE simulator inherits from SPICE3F5. These checks are inaccurate in some cases, so we propose to replace them with a new, efficient, algorithm based on KCL verification. The methodology to verify KCL of the circuit is detailed in this paper, along with the extraction flow, required to compute every KCL contribution. We finally present a case study of a circuit showing non converging solution, while the same circuit can be solved using the proposed algorithm.
Expression of 6-aminolevulinate synthase in avian cells: Separate genes encode erythroid-specific and nonspecific isozymes (erythrold-speciflc gene/heme biosynthesis) (2016)

A controversy has existed in the literature for the past several years regarding the number of vertebrate genes encoding the mitochondrial protein that initiates the rirst step in heme biosynthesis, 6-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS; suc- cinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating), EC 2.3.1.37). By analysis of chicken ALAS cDNA clones isolated from both liver and erythroid cells, we show that at least two separate genes encode ALAS mRNAs. These exper- iments show that (a) two different genes encode the ALAS isozymes found in erythrold and in liver tissues, and (il) while the product of the erythroid gene (ALASE) is expressed exclusively in erythroid cells, the hepatic form of the enzyme is expressed ubiquitously, suggesting that this is the nonspecific form (ALASN) found in all chicken tissues.
Risk assessment of obstructive sleep apnea among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients in Taif, Saudi Arabia (2020)

Future population-based studies including a representative sample of the population should be done to confirm the revealed association between GERD and OSA. It is necessary to assess GERD in patients with OSA in clinical practice.