gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recurrent parathyroid carcinoma and the need for molecular profiling to aid in prognostication and therapeutics. (2015)

e17012 Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare, has high morbidity and poor overall survival. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but recurrence is common. There are no known therapeutic options and efforts to ascertain prognostic factors are restricted by rarity of disease. We report the largest single institution experience and aim to identify prognostic clinicopathologic features associated with aggressiveness of disease. Methods: Retrospective review of PC patients from 1981 to 2014 at a tertiary cancer center was done. Those with a final pathology diagnosis of carcinoma, atypia or neoplasm on were included. Clinicopathological data was analyzed for predictors of disease recurrence. Limited molecular profiling on a subset of patients was done. Cox regression was used for univariate analysis with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: 87 patients met inclusion criteria. Median follow up was 5 yrs [IQR 3-8]. 36 patients (41%) underwent local resection, while 48 (55%) had en bloc resection. 30(35%) developed recurrent or persistent disease with > 85% requiring ≥ 3 surgeries for palliation or cure. Univariate analysis of clinicopathological data showed only mitotic index (MI) of ≥ 1 was predictive of disease recurrence (PFS) (p = 0.03) with a trend towards decreased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.06). Extent of initial surgery had no bearing on PFS or OS. 8 patients with recurrent disease had molecular profiling. 2 had no discernible mutations, 2 had TP53 mutation. Others mutations identified were CDC73, CTNNB1, KDM5C, NF1 and TLR4. Conclusions: High MI is prognostic of disease recurrence in PC. Radical resection at initial surgery did not improve PFS. Other clinicopathologic features of PC fail to precisely identify risks for recurrent disease. In the subset of patients with limited therapeutic options, genomic profiling is needed to identify prognostic and targetable mutations and drive research aimed at creating novel therapeutics. Variables Values median [IQR] Age (yr) 58 (47-66) Gender n(%) Male 34(39) Female 53(61) Final Pathology n(%) Carcinoma 56(64) Neoplasm 17(20) Atypia 10(12) PTH at diagnosis (pg/ml) 381 [203-1536] Ca+ at diagnosis (mg/dl) 12.9 [12-14.5] 10 year OS 67% 10 year PFS 56%
Designing a Television Theater (1969)

Design considerations for a versatile and efficient modern television theater include special attention to audience seating and technical control. Major design areas discussed are (1) the architectural considerations for mechanized seating and variable audience arrangements and (2) electronic and human engineering problems involved in developing a facility of this kind.
Mapping biomedical concepts onto the human genome by mining literature on chromosomal aberrations (2007)

Biomedical literature provides a rich but unstructured source of associations between chromosomal regions and biomedical concepts. By mining MEDLINE abstracts, we annotate the human genome at the level of cytogenetic bands. Our method creates a set of chromosomal aberration maps that associate cytogenetic bands to biomedical concepts from a variety of controlled vocabularies, including disease, dysmorphology, anatomy, development and Gene Ontology branches. The association between a band (e.g. 4p16.3) and a concept (e.g. microcephaly) is assessed by the statistical overrepresentation of this concept in the abstracts relating to this band. Our method is validated using existing genome annotation resources and known chromosomal aberration maps and is further illustrated through a case study on heart disease. Our chromosomal aberration maps provide diagnostics support to clinical geneticists, aid cytogeneticists to interpret and report cytogenetic findings and support researchers interested in human gene function. The method is available as a web application, aBandApart, at http://www.esat.kuleuven.be/abandapart/.
HPV types, HIV and invasive cervical carcinoma risk in Kampala, Uganda: a case-control study (2011)

The ORs for SCC and adenocarcinoma were increased in women infected with HPV, in particular single HPV infections, infections with HPV16- and 18-related types, and high-risk HPV types, specifically HPV16, 18 and 45. HIV infection and CD4 count were not associated with SCC or adenocarcinoma risk, but among women infected with high-risk HPV types there was an inverse association between HIV infection and adenocarcinoma risk. These results suggest that HIV and CD4 count may have no role in the progression of cervical cancer.
The Cell Wall Galactan of Catenella nipae Zanardini from Southern Australia (1993)

The cell wall polysaccharide of Catenella nipae Zanardini collected from southern Australia was extracted and analysed by chemical and physical methods. Galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose were the major monosaccharide constituents of this preparation in a molar proportion of 6: 4, with minor amounts of xylose also present. No mono-O-methylgalactosyl residues were detected. The high sulphate ester content (ca. 30% as SO3Na) and gelling in the presence of Ca2+ are indicative of a carrageenan type of polysaccharide. Infrared and C-13-NMR spectroscopy established that the dominant component of the extracted polysaccharide preparation is iota (iota)-carrageenan.
Double Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 2 and Mas Receptors Accelerates Aging‐Related Muscle Weakness in Male Mice (2021)

Background The activation of AT2 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor ) and Mas receptor by angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), respectively, is the primary process that counteracts activation of the canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although inhibition of canonical RAS could delay the progression of physiological aging, we recently reported that deletion of Mas had no impact on the aging process in mice. Here, we used male mice with a deletion of only AT2 or a double deletion of AT2 and Mas to clarify whether these receptors contribute to the aging process in a complementary manner, primarily by focusing on aging-related muscle weakness. Methods and Results Serial changes in grip strength of these mice up to 24 months of age showed that AT2/Mas knockout mice, but not AT2 knockout mice, had significantly weaker grip strength than wild-type mice from the age of 18 months. AT2/Mas knockout mice exhibited larger sizes, but smaller numbers and increased frequency of central nucleation (a marker of aged muscle) of single skeletal muscle fibers than AT2 knockout mice. Canonical RAS-associated genes, inflammation-associated genes, and senescence-associated genes were highly expressed in skeletal muscles of AT2/Mas knockout mice. Muscle angiotensin II content increased in AT2/Mas knockout mice. Conclusions Double deletion of AT2 and Mas in mice exaggerated aging-associated muscle weakness, accompanied by signatures of activated RAS, inflammation, and aging in skeletal muscles. Because aging-associated phenotypes were absent in single deletions of the receptors, AT2 and Mas could complement each other in preventing local activation of RAS during aging.
Regulation of glycogen synthesis from glucose and gluconeogenic precursors by insulin in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes (1990)

Glycogen synthesis in hepatocyte cultures is dependent on: (1) the nutritional state of the donor rat, (2) the acinar origin of the hepatocytes, (3) the concentrations of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors, and (4) insulin. High concentrations of glucose (15-25 mM) and gluconeogenic precursors (10 mM-lactate and 1 mM-pyruvate) had a synergistic effect on glycogen deposition in both periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. When hepatocytes were challenged with glucose, lactate and pyruvate in the absence of insulin, glycogen was deposited at a linear rate for 2 h and then reached a plateau. However, in the presence of insulin, the initial rate of glycogen deposition was increased (20-40%) and glycogen deposition continued for more than 4 h. Consequently, insulin had a more marked effect on the glycogen accumulated in the cell after 4 h (100-200% increase) than on the initial rate of glycogen deposition. Glycogen accumulation in hepatocyte cultures prepared from rats that were fasted for 24 h and then re-fed for 3 h before liver perfusion was 2-fold higher than in hepatocytes from rats fed ad libitum and 4-fold higher than in hepatocytes from fasted rats. The incorporation of [14C]lactate into glycogen was 2-4-fold higher in periportal than in perivenous hepatocytes in both the absence and the presence of insulin, whereas the incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen was similar in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes in the absence of insulin, but higher in perivenous hepatocytes in the presence of insulin. Rates of glycogen deposition in the combined presence of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors were similar in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes, whereas in the presence of glucose alone, rates of glycogen deposition paralleled the incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen and were higher in perivenous hepatocytes in the presence of insulin. It is concluded that periportal and perivenous hepatocytes utilize different substrates for glycogen synthesis, but differences between the two cell populations in the relative utilization of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors are dependent on the presence of insulin and on the nutritional state of the rat.
Enzymes of Glycolysis Are Functionally Associated with the Mitochondrion in Arabidopsis Cells (2003)

Mitochondria fulfill a wide range of metabolic functions in addition to the synthesis of ATP and contain a diverse array of proteins to perform these functions. Here, we present the unexpected discovery of the presence of the enzymes of glycolysis in a mitochondrial fraction of Arabidopsis cells. Proteomic analyses of this mitochondrial fraction revealed the presence of 7 of the 10 enzymes that constitute the glycolytic pathway. Four of these enzymes (glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase) were also identified in an intermembrane space/outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. Enzyme activity assays confirmed that the entire glycolytic pathway was present in preparations of isolated Arabidopsis mitochondria, and the sensitivity of these activities to protease treatments indicated that the glycolytic enzymes are present on the outside of the mitochondrion. The association of glycolytic enzymes with mitochondria was confirmed in vivo by the expression of enolase- and aldolase-yellow fluorescent protein fusions in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The yellow fluorescent protein fluorescence signal showed that these two fusion proteins are present throughout the cytosol but are also concentrated in punctate regions that colocalized with the mitochondrion-specific probe Mitotracker Red. Furthermore, when supplied with appropriate cofactors, isolated, intact mitochondria were capable of the metabolism of (13)C-glucose to (13)C-labeled intermediates of the trichloroacetic acid cycle, suggesting that the complete glycolytic sequence is present and active in this subcellular fraction. On the basis of these data, we propose that the entire glycolytic pathway is associated with plant mitochondria by attachment to the cytosolic face of the outer mitochondrial membrane and that this microcompartmentation of glycolysis allows pyruvate to be provided directly to the mitochondrion, where it is used as a respiratory substrate.
Monte Carlo Simulation and Analysis in Modern Optical Tolerancing (2019)

This Spotlight offers a perspective on the role of Monte Carlo simulation in the analysis and tolerancing of optical systems. The book concisely explores two overarching questions: (1) What principles can we adopt from a variety of statistical methods - such as the analysis of variance (ANOVA), "root sum of squares" (RSS), and Monte Carlo simulation - to analyze variability in complex optical systems? (2) When we assign perturbations to component variables (such as tilts and radii of curvatures) subject to arbitrary probability distributions, are the resulting distributions of system parameters (such as EFL, RMS spot size, and MTF) necessarily normal? These questions address the problem of analyzing and managing variability in modern product development, where many functions integrate to produce a complete instrument. By discussing key concepts from optics, multivariable calculus, and statistics, and applying them to two practical examples in modern technology, this book highlights the role Monte Carlo simulations play in the tolerancing of optical systems that comprise many components of variation
Experimental Demonstration of a WDM-based Integrated Optical Decoder for Compact Optical Computing (2021)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a 3-8 wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) based optical decoder using microring-based add-drop switches and filters. The proposed decoder has a smaller footprint and consumes lower power compared with previous designs.
Pretreatment with Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-2 Directly Protects against the Diastolic Dysfunction of Myocardial Stunning in an Isolated, Blood-Perfused Rabbit Heart Model1 (2000)

Brief coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion leads to reversible myocardial dysfunction (stunning) which can induce irreversible damage of other organ systems. We studied the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH) and the GH-secretagogue GHRP-2 on myocardial stunning in a blood-perfused isolated rabbit heart model. In a first set of experiments, effects of bolus rhGH administration (3.5 mg/kg) (n = 5) into the aortic root of unpretreated animals were compared with those of saline (n = 6). In a second set, animals were pretreated for 14 days with SC rhGH 3.5 mg/kg x day (n = 9) or 160 microg/kg x day GHRP-2 (n = 8) in two divided doses. Body weight and plasma concentrations of rhGH, rabbit GH (rGH) and IGF-I were determined before and at the end of 14 days pretreatment. Hearts were excised and submitted to 15 min ischemia followed by 80 min reperfusion, after which postischemic recovery was compared with nonischemic hearts mounted into the same system. At study end, all hearts were snap-frozen to examine markers of apoptosis. Circulating levels of rabbit GH (rGH) remained identical in all animals. Pretreatment with rhGH for 14 days induced a 142 +/- 116% rise of serum IGF-I vs. 8 +/- 15% with GHRP-2 (P < 0.001) and increased body weight with 6.8 +/- 2.5% vs. 3.4 +/- 3.3% with GHRP-2 (P = 0.01). A bolus injection of rhGH did not alter myocardial function compared with saline allowing data from these experiments to be pooled into one ischemic control group for further analysis of the effect of pretreatment. No difference in postischemic recovery of left ventricular systolic function among the unpretreated, rhGH pretreated and GHRP-2 pretreated hearts was apparent. At the end of reperfusion, a 3-fold higher end-diastolic pressure (EDP) persisted in the unpretreated and rhGH pretreated hearts compared with the nonischemic hearts. In the GHRP-2 pretreated hearts, EDP decreased to half the pressure observed in unpretreated and rhGH pretreated hearts (all P < or = 0.02), a level which was indistinguishable from that in the non-ischemic hearts, suggesting full postischemic recovery of diastolic function. There were no signs of increased apoptosis in the experimental groups. In conclusion, 14 days pretreatment with GHRP-2, but not rhGH, protected selectively against the diastolic dysfunction of myocardial stunning in this model. This observation may open perspectives for GH-secretagogues as cardioprotective agents.
The Relationship Between Retention and Convergence Angle in Cemented Veneer Crowns (1955)

(1955). The Relationship Between Retention and Convergence Angle in Cemented Veneer Crowns. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 35-40.
Climbing the Density Functional Ladder: Nonempirical Meta–Generalized Gradient Approximation Designed for Molecules and Solids (2003)

The electron density, its gradient, and the Kohn-Sham orbital kinetic energy density are the local ingredients of a meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA). We construct a meta-GGA density functional for the exchange-correlation energy that satisfies exact constraints without empirical parameters. The exchange and correlation terms respect two paradigms: one- or two-electron densities and slowly varying densities, and so describe both molecules and solids with high accuracy, as shown by extensive numerical tests. This functional completes the third rung of "Jacob's ladder" of approximations, above the local spin density and GGA rungs.
An Efficient Dynamic Round Robin algorithm for CPU scheduling (2017)

The efficiency of embedded systems mainly depends on the process scheduling policy of operating systems running on them. Better scheduling algorithms make a system fast using less resources for small time. Out of some important scheduling algorithms, Round Robin algorithm is much efficient. But its efficiency fairly depends on choosen time quantum. In this paper, we have developed an efficient Round Robin algorithm using Dynamic Time Quantum. Some such systems have already been developed but they take advantage of other algorithms and their running time is much higher due to sorting of processes which is practically impossible. So, our goal is to reduce running time of an algorithm along with efficiency constraints such as context switches, average waiting and turnaround times. Lower the context switches, average waiting and turnaround times; higher the efficiency of an operating system and thus better embedded system. In the last section of this paper, we will present a comparison of our system with previously developed algorithms.
A Milestone in Tuberculosis Control (2002)

This issue of the Journal contains a description of a remarkable tuberculosis-control program that was launched in India just over nine years ago.1 In the years since its inception, over 20,000 medical officers and over 100,000 related personnel have been trained and over 3000 laboratories set up for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Each day in these clinics, which serve just about half the Indian population, 1300 patients start treatment. At any given time, more than 200,000 people are receiving treatment, most of which is directly observed. Over half a million people have been cured of tuberculosis. Although these services are . . .
Advanced Launch Vehicles (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Vehicles capable of lifting very large and heavy payloads into low earth orbit (LEO) will be needed to support certain large-scale space missions being considered for the late 1990-2000 time period. These missions include the support of strategic national commitments, large space power systems, and interplanetary and lunar exploration. Nearer term missions will utilize the Space Shuttle and its direct derivatives, the Shuttle-Derived Vehicles (SDV), currently being defined under NASA and DOD sponsored studies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A conceptual design of a Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle (HLLV) that will lift a half million pounds to low earth orbit is presented. Design alternatives and key system design problems and issues are discussed. The new developments required, such as a new large liquid booster engine and Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) modifications, are identified. New candidate launch locations and launch facility requirements are also discussed. The commonality and utilization of the booster stage “elements” as a liquid booster for a “growth” Space Shuttle are conceptually defined.&lt;/div&gt;
Current noise and photon noise in quantum cascade lasers (2002)

A model for the photon noise and the current noise in quantum cascade lasers is presented. It is shown that compared to diode lasers quantum cascade lasers exhibit much less photon-number squeezing even when the noise in the drive current is suppressed well below the shot-noise value. The theoretical model presented in this paper self-consistently accounts for the suppression of the current noise in electron transport in multiple quantum-well structures due to various electronic correlations. The nature of these electronic correlations is discussed. Mechanisms that make photon-number squeezing difficult to achieve in quantum cascade lasers are discussed. Scaling of the laser intensity noise and the current noise with the number of cascaded gain stages is also described. Direct-current modulation response of quantum cascade lasers is also studied, and it is shown that contrary to the predictions in the literature of terahertz modulation bandwidth for these lasers, bandwidth of almost all quantum cascade lasers that have been reported in the literature is limited by the inverse photon lifetime inside the laser cavity to tens of gigahertz.
<p>Personalized medicine for patients with COPD: where are we?</p> (2019)

Chronic airflow limitation is the common denominator of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not possible to predict morbidity and mortality of individual patients based on the degree of lung function impairment, nor does the degree of airflow limitation allow guidance regarding therapies. Over the last decades, understanding of the factors contributing to the heterogeneity of disease trajectories, clinical presentation, and response to existing therapies has greatly advanced. Indeed, diagnostic assessment and treatment algorithms for COPD have become more personalized. In addition to the pulmonary abnormalities and inhaler therapies, extra-pulmonary features and comorbidities have been studied and are considered essential components of comprehensive disease management, including lifestyle interventions. Despite these advances, predicting and/or modifying the course of the disease remains currently impossible, and selection of patients with a beneficial response to specific interventions is unsatisfactory. Consequently, non-response to pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments is common, and many patients have refractory symptoms. Thus, there is an ongoing urgency for a more targeted and holistic management of the disease, incorporating the basic principles of P4 medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory). This review describes the current status and unmet needs regarding personalized medicine for patients with COPD. Also, it proposes a systems medicine approach, integrating genetic, environmental, (micro)biological, and clinical factors in experimental and computational models in order to decipher the multilevel complexity of COPD. Ultimately, the acquired insights will enable the development of clinical decision support systems and advance personalized medicine for patients with COPD.
A trust-based mechanism for protecting IPv6 networks against stateless address auto-configuration attacks (2011)

The IPv6 protocol is the next-generation IP protocol that addresses many of the shortcomings that exist in the IPv4 protocol. Some of the enhancements include increased address space, mandatory security and provisioning of stateless auto-configuration, a technique through which a new node forms its own address without the assistance of centralized host configuration servers operating in the network. While the stateless auto-configuration approach allows instant network access to a joining node, and eliminates the cost of procuring and maintaining centralized address configuration servers, it is also vulnerable to auto address configuration attacks against legitimate nodes willing to join the network. Through such an attack, malicious nodes in the network can disallow legitimate nodes to join the network by broadcasting incorrect responses to node requests for verifying address uniqueness. In this paper, we propose a trust-based algorithm to allow upcoming nodes in an IPv6 network to ascertain, in distributed fashion, the uniqueness of their respective network identifiers. Our proposed scheme does not rely on centralized verification servers, and it proves to provide high assurance to new nodes intending to join the network, with minimal overhead, as illustrated through our simulations and analysis.