gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral Gene Transfer to Developing Mouse Salivary Glands (2011)

Branching morphogenesis is essential for the formation of salivary glands, kidneys, lungs, and many other organs during development, but the mechanisms underlying this process are not adequately understood. Microarray and other gene expression methods have been powerful approaches for identifying candidate genes that potentially regulate branching morphogenesis. However, functional validation of the proposed roles for these genes has been severely hampered by the absence of efficient techniques to genetically manipulate cells within embryonic organs. Using ex vivo cultured embryonic mouse submandibular glands (SMGs) as models to study branching morphogenesis, we have identified new vectors for viral gene transfer with high efficiency and cell-type specificity to developing SMGs. We screened adenovirus, lentivirus, and 11 types of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) for their ability to transduce embryonic day 12 or 13 SMGs. We identified two AAV types, AAV2 and bovine AAV (BAAV), that are selective in targeting expression differentially to SMG epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations, respectively. Transduction of SMG epithelia with self-complementary (sc) AAV2 expressing fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7) supported gland survival and enhanced SMG branching morphogenesis. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first successful selective gene targeting to epithelial vs. mesenchymal cells in an organ undergoing branching morphogenesis.
Simultaneous generation of droplets with different dimensions in parallel integrated microfluidic droplet generators (2007)

This paper describes geometric coupling of the dynamics of break-up of liquid threads in parallel flow-focusing devices (FFD), which are integrated into a multiple quadruple-microfluidic droplet generator (QDG). We show weak parametric coupling between parallel FFDs with an identical design, which leads to the slight broadening of the distribution of sizes of droplets. Using parallel FFDs with distinct geometries we simultaneously generated several populations of droplets with different volumes, yet, each of these populations was characterized by a narrow size distribution. Simulation of the generation of droplets in the quadruple-microfluidic droplet generator based on hydraulic resistances to the flow of a single-phase fluid was in good agreement with the experimental results.
Thermal management strategies for high power semiconductor pump lasers (2006)

Semiconductor pump lasers are an important component in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and Raman amplifiers. Thermal management has become one of the major obstacles of pump laser development. Understanding of the thermal behavior of high-power laser packages is crucial to the thermal design and optimization of pump lasers. In this paper, we report on the thermal characteristics of a high-power pump laser and discuss the issues associated with heat dissipation. The thermal management of high-power pump laser modules mainly consists of three aspects. One is the thermal resistance reduction which reduces bulk temperature rise in the laser diode chip. The second is facet temperature control, and the third is the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) coefficient of performance improvement. In this paper, the approaches to reduce thermal resistance and facet temperature at the chip level and package level will be reviewed, and the thermal design and optimization of the package assembly to improve the TEC coefficient of performance will be discussed. The thermal resistance of a pump laser could be reduced up to 40% by the proper design of the laser chip and epi-down bonding. An unpumped window design in the pump laser diode is proven to be very effective in reducing the facet temperature and increasing the catastrophic optical mirror damage level. Assembly and package optimization can provide more uniform temperature distribution on TEC cold plate which is critical in improving the TEC coefficient of performance.
INVESTIGATION OF DRAINAGE WATER QUALITY AND WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ROOFTOP PLANTING (2004)

Quality of drainage water from rooftop planting is monitored at Kinki University. Drainage water from greening basement such as artificial soil is analyzed to detect the source of substances in it. These investigationsled to followingc onclusions:(1) Drainage water from rooftop planting is rich in NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P, which are eutrophic substances to public water bodies such as lakes and ponds.(2) These substancesc ome fromn ot only fertilizer or herbicide but also artificial soil and drainage filter.Extension of the rooftop planting area increases amount of water demand for planting and discharge of eutrophic substances in drainage water. Water recycle system that collects and reuses rain water and drainage water from rooftop planting is proposed to solve this problem.
Impact of Be-doping on the material properties of InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices for infrared detection (2013)

The material properties of p-type InAs/InAsSb superlattices are of interest for infrared photodiodes, but InAs/InAsSb superlattices are residually n-type and p-type superlattices have not been investigated thus far. This study examines the material properties of a mid-wavelength infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattice design doped with Be concentrations from 0.5-7x10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. High-resolution x-ray diffraction revealed slight structural variation throughout the ~500 nm thick superlattice layer, but the RMS surface roughness was reasonable. Hall Effect measurements, taken at 10 K to remove any conduction effects from the undoped GaSb substrate, revealed the superlattice converting from ntype to p-type at Be:3x10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. The maximum hole mobility achieved at the two highest Be doping levels was ~24,000 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, which is high for mid-wavelength infrared superlattices. The doped superlattices all had photoluminescence (PL) peaks 12 - 34 meV lower in energy than the undoped sample, and the PL peak FWHMs increased as the average superlattice mismatch increased, as expected. Comparing the photoresponse to the PL allowed the Be acceptor binding energy in the superlattice (13 meV) to be determined, which agreed with the reported Be acceptor binding energy in InAs.
Principles for the design and operation of engineer-to-order supply chains in the construction sector (2014)

By integrating the approaches of Forrester and Burbidge [Forrester, J. W. 1961. Industrial Dynamics. Pegasus Communications; Burbidge, J. L. 1961. “The “New Approach” to Production.” Production Engineer 40: 769–784], a set of five design principles have emerged which provide a foundation for sound supply chain design. The ‘FORRIDGE’ principles have since been shown to be a powerful guide for effective design of make-to-stock supply chains. However, some have questioned the applicability of generic supply chain thinking, arguing for a tailored approach. Hence, the goal here is to investigate how these principles should be adapted for engineer-to-order (ETO) industries, such as construction, capital goods and shipbuilding. The empirical elements draw on an extensive study of 12 suppliers and two large contractors in the construction industry. Supply chain tactics are identified for this range of companies, which are matched with real world problems, and linked with the FORRIDGE principles. This results in an additional ‘Design for X’ principle being proposed. The contributions made are the adaptation of established principles for the ETO sector, and the framework behind these principles.
STUDY OF A MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED VEHICLE (1973)

The objective of this program was to design and construct a magnetically levitated test vehicle whose motion was unrestricted in all degrees of freedom except in the direction of motion, and to make elementary measurements of the motion of the vehicle after traversing vertical and lateral offsets in the guideway. The vehicle constructed fulfilled these requirements and consisted of a platform levitated by four super-conducting magnets contained in liquid helium dewars. Position and acceleration sensors and a telemetry package were on board. The vehicle was towed by a winch at speeds up to 12 m/s (approximately 27 mph). Tests were performed on a 400-ft long aluminum guideway. These tests consisted of measuring the vertical and lateral accelerations and vertical position of the center of mass of the vehicle before, during, and after traversing offsets in the guideway. (Modified author abstract)
Pediatric Benzodiazepine Ingestion Resulting in Hospitalization (1998)

Children hospitalized for benzodiazepine overdose occasionally had life-threatening symptoms. Ataxia was the most common clinical finding following benzodiazepine ingestion in this series. Flumazenil appeared beneficial for the treatment of severe benzodiazepine toxicity in only two patients. Most children recovered from their overdose uneventfully after receiving activated charcoal and supportive care.
O4–07–05: Correcting bias in estimates of differential rates of cognitive decline caused by informative missing data through the use of telephone cognitive evaluations (2013)

In longitudinal studies of cognitive aging, missing data may bias both overall estimates of cognitive decline, and the assessment of the effects of risk factors. In this study we use a telephone memory assessment instrument to help correct for such biases in the estimation of cognitive decline in APOE-ε4 carriers (ε4 +) and non-carriers (ε4 -). An initially healthy sample of community residing adults without dementia, age 70+ were followed in the Einstein Aging Study using a cognitive assessment battery which included the free and cued selective reminding test. All subjects also received a telephonic assessment of cognitive status even when they could not complete in-person assessments. We jointly model in-person and telephone cognitive data using linear mixed models in order to assess the degree to which differences in rates of memory decline between APOE-ε4 positive (ε4+) and APOE-ε4 negative (ε4-) participants may be affected by informative missing data. We also simulated missing data scenarios to evaluate the likely effectiveness of this approach in correcting for bias due to missing data. Among 640 EAS participants, 473 were e4- and 147 were e4+. EAS participants contributed 2,434 in-person assessments over 2,085 person-years of follow-up. Compared to approaches that ignore missing data, the joint model showed rates of memory decline that were 19% greater in ε4 negative participants and 26% greater in ε4 positive participants. The estimated effect of APOE-ε4 on memory decline was 37% larger using joint modeling with the telephone assessment instrument compared with traditional models. Simulations showed that the correction for the bias due to missing data is only partial. Informative loss to follow-up leads to underestimates of rates of cognitive decline and may attenuate the estimation of the effect of risk factors. Joint modeling with auxiliary data partially corrects these biases, and may facilitate the discovery of genetic and environmental risk factors, and more accurate characterization of their effects.
Electronic and Optical Properties of a Semiconducting Spinel (Fe2CrO4) (2017)

Epitaxial chromium ferrite (Fe 2 CrO 4 ), prepared by state‐of‐the‐art oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, is shown to exhibit unusual electronic transport properties driven by the crystallographic structure and composition of the material. Replacing 1/3 of the Fe cations with Cr converts the host ferrimagnet from a metal into a semiconductor by virtue of its fixed valence (3+); Cr substitutes for Fe at B sites in the spinel lattice. By contrast, replacing 2/3 of the Fe cations with Cr results in an insulator. Three candidate conductive paths, all involving electron hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , are identified in Fe 2 CrO 4 . Moreover, Fe 2 CrO 4 is shown to be photoconductive across the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. As a result, this material is of potential interest for important photo‐electrochemical processes such as water splitting.
The SQL++ Semi-structured Data Model and Query Language: A Capabilities Survey of SQL-on-Hadoop, NoSQL and NewSQL Databases. (2014)

NoSQL databases support semi-structured data, typically modeled as JSON. They also provide limited (but expanding) query languages. Their idiomatic, non-SQL language constructs, the many variations, and the lack of formal semantics inhibit deep understanding of the query languages, and also impede progress towards clean, powerful, declarative query languages. This paper specifies the syntax and semantics of SQL++, which is applicable to both JSON native stores and SQL databases. The SQL++ semi-structured data model is a superset of both JSON and the SQL data model. SQL++ offers powerful computational capabilities for processing semi-structured data akin to prior non-relational query languages, notably OQL and XQuery. Yet, SQL++ is SQL backwards compatible and is generalized towards JSON by introducing only a small number of query language extensions to SQL. Recognizing that a query language standard is probably premature for the fast evolving area of NoSQL databases, SQL++ includes configuration options that formally itemize the semantics variations that language designers may choose from. The options often pertain to the treatment of semi-structuredness (missing attributes, heterogeneous types, etc), where more than one sensible approaches are possible. SQL++ is unifying: By appropriate choices of configuration options, the SQL++ semantics can morph into the semantics of existing semi-structured database query languages. The extensive experimental validation shows how SQL and four semi-structured database query languages (MongoDB, Cassandra CQL, Couchbase N1QL and AsterixDB AQL) are formally described by appropriate settings of the configuration options. Early adoption signs of SQL++ are positive: Version 4 of Couchbase's N1QL is explained as syntactic sugar over SQL++. AsterixDB will soon support the full SQL++ and Apache Drill is in the process of aligning with SQL++.
Ultrasonic visualization method of electrical trees formed in organic insulating materials (1998)

The only practical method to visualize electrical trees formed in organic insulating materials has been to section a specimen with a microtome or a diamond cutter, especially in translucent or opaque materials. In our experiment, a 25 MHz ultrasonic transducer was used to scan a specimen within which an electrical tree had been formed. Ultrasonic echo signals reflected from the treeing region were detected by the same transducer and fed to a electronic measuring system. By determining the horizontal coordinates at which each echo signal from the tree was detected, two-dimensional ultrasonic images were obtained for various types of electrical trees in polyethylene. Furthermore, three-dimensional ultrasonic images of bush-type trees were obtained by means of a new detection or measurement method developed by the authors. These images agree well with those obtained microscopically by sectioning the specimen with a microtome.
Localization‐ and mutation‐dependent microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), with a cluster of co‐expressed miRNAs located at 14q32.31 (2009)

The molecular biology and clinical behaviour of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are associated with their anatomical localization (stomach or intestine), and also with the mutation status of the receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and PDGFRA. Twelve GISTs were evaluated for differential miRNA expression signatures by use of microarrays representing 734 human miRNAs. Thirty-two miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed according to localization and mutation status. Differential expression was further analysed and confirmed for four miRNAs (miR-132, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-504) by qRT-PCR in 49 additional GISTs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were functionally mapped to KIT/PDGFRA signalling and G1/S-phase transition of the cell cycle, revealing 22 predicted miRNA/mRNA interactions for ten gene targets from KIT/PDGFRA signalling, and 12 interactions for 12 gene targets of G1/S-phase transition. Moreover, the expression of 44 miRNAs clustered in a genetically imprinted region at 14q32.31 was found to be strongly correlated in the microarray analysis. This was confirmed for two selected miRNAs (miR-134 and miR-370) from the 14q32.31 cluster by qRT-PCR in 49 additional GISTs, and the expression of these two miRNAs was significantly lower in GISTs with 14q loss, and also in GISTs with tumour progress. miRNA profiling may prove to be a key determinant of the biology and clinical features of GISTs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatization of Halogenated Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydrides with Activated Carbon. An Effective Preparation of 4,5‐Dichlorophthalic Anhydride. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of geometrical and diffraction optical transfer functions (2015)

The geometrical and diffraction point-spread functions of an optical imaging system have been reviewed and compared in the past [V. N. Mahajan, “Comparison of geometrical and diffraction point-spread functions,” SPIE Proc. 3729, 434-445 (1999)]. In this paper, we review and compare its corresponding optical transfer functions. While the truth lies with the diffraction OTF, it is considered easier and quicker to calculate the geometrical OTF, especially for large aberrations. We briefly describe the theory of the two OTFs, and explore the range of spatial frequencies and the magnitude of the primary aberrations over which the geometrical OTF may provide a reasonable approximation of the diffraction OTF.
Molecular dynamics simulations and coupled nucleotide substitution experiments indicate the nature of A·A base pairing and a putative structure of the coralyne-induced homo-adenine duplex (2009)

Coralyne is an alkaloid drug that binds homo-adenine DNA (and RNA) oligonucleotides more tightly than it does Watson-Crick DNA. Hud's laboratory has shown that poly(dA) in the presence of coralyne forms an anti-parallel duplex, however attempts to determine the structure by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography have been unsuccessful. Assuming adenine-adenine hydrogen bonding between the two poly(dA) strands, we constructed 40 hypothetical homo-(dA) anti-parallel duplexes and docked coralyne into the six most favorable duplex structures. The two most stable structures had trans glycosidic bonds, but distinct pairing geometries, i.e. either Watson-Crick Hoogsteen (transWH) or Watson-Crick Watson-Crick (transWW) with stability of transWH > transWW. To narrow down the possibilities, 7-deaza adenine base substitutions (dA-->7) were engineered into homo-(dA) sequences. These substitutions significantly reduced the thermal stability of the coralyne-induced homo-(dA) structure. These experiments strongly suggest the involvement of N7 in the coralyne-induced A.A base pairs. Moreover, due to the differential effect on melting as a function of the location of the dA-->7 mutations, these results are consistent with the N1-N7 base pairing of the transWH pairs. Together, the simulation and base substitution experiments predict that the coralyne-induced homo-(dA) duplex structure adopts the transWH geometry.
An Approach Towards More Selective Anticancer Agents (1996)

A promising approach towards better targeted anticancer drug therapy takes advantage of enhanced expression of proteases associated with human malignancies. Especially plasminogen activator activity has been found to be substantially increased, leading to an enhanced activity of the serine protease plasmin. Bifunctional alkylating agents, such as N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoureas, display broad spectrum anticancer activity, but also exhibit considerable systemic toxicity. We describe here the synthesis of new N-nitrosourea-based prodrugs designed to become activated by tumor-associated proteases, to provide for enhanced antitumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity. Tripeptides representing substrates for plasmin were linked by an amide bond to N’-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea and the corresponding N’-methyl derivative. Synthesis and plasmin-triggered decomposition of these new tripeptide conjugates is described. Cancer cells expressing high plasminogen activator activity are highly sensitive to the new prodrugs in the presence of plasminogen, but not in its absence.
Substituent effects in the electrophilic substitution of deactivated systems. Part II. The Mills–Nixon effect and the nitration of strained 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium ions (1972)

Second-order rate coefficients have been measured for the nitration in 82% aqueous sulphuric acid of a series of strained 2-alkyl-1-methyl- and 2-alkyl-1,4-dimethyl-tetrahydroquinolines. Product analysis reveals the surprising absence of 5-nitro-compounds and this, together with variations in the ratios of 6- to 7-nitrated products, is consistent with the explanation of the Mills–Nixon effect in terms of strain in bonds common to fused rings. Varying initial state strain does not appreciably affect the overall rate of nitration.
Agrocin-Producing Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain Active against Grapevine Isolates (1986)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens J73, a biotype 2 strain harboring a nopaline Ti plasmid, was found to produce an agrocin active against a broad range of A. tumefaciens strains, including grapevine isolates. Sensitivity to J73 is not encoded by a Ti plasmid. Optimal conditions for the production of the agrocin were determined.
Performance of an Applied Field MPD Thruster with a Pre-Ionization Chamber (2002)

The paper deals with the main results of an experimental activity carried out by RIAME and Centrospazio on a new magneto-plasma-dynamic thruster, called “Hybrid Plasma Thruster – HPT”. The HPT consists of two stages (chambers), divided by a half-transparent anode. In the first stage the ionization of part of the propellant (10-15%) takes place, in the second stage the remaining propellant is ionized and the total plasma flow accelerated. Two HPT prototypes with an external magnetic field have been developed and independently tested in RIAME and Centrospazio, using nitrogen and argon as propellants. The paper describes the thruster, the experimental apparatus and the main results obtained so far, in terms of electrical characteristics and thrust. Tests carried out at RIAME with nitrogen as propellant have shown the activation of the additional discharge in the ionization chamber leads to the substantial decrease of both the discharge voltage and the ion-sound oscillations with typical frequency of about 100 kHz, confirming the HPT concept is worth being further investigated, with and without an applied field. At Centrospazio, tests have been carried out with argon, without the activation of the first stage, with a maximum applied induction field on the thruster axis of 40 and 80 mT. The results indicate the application of the external magnetic field can significantly increase the thruster performance, especially at low power (up to 400 kW) and mass flow rate (220 mg/s), while at higher power and mass flow rate its contribution seems to be less important or negligible, yielding in some cases to a decay of the performance with respect to a self-field operation (660 mg/s, 40 mT, beyond 500 kW). The improvement of the performance seems to strongly depend on the Hall acceleration mechanism, which, at low power, seems to be by far the dominant source for thrust generation.