gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism and enzyme content of diploid and tetraploid lympnomas and carcinomas. (1959)

SAUL KIT, JANE FIscus, ODETTE L. GRAHAM, AND ARTHUR L. GROSS (Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas) The hypothesis that the genes control the syn- thesis of cellular enzymes and proteins and confer specificity on them is supported by numerous in- vestigations on microorganisms (20, 21, 32, 51) and animals, including man (22, 24, 37, 56). The relationship between the chromosomal genes and the cellular enzymes is, however, exceedingly com- plex. It has been suggested that ribonucleoprotein enzyme-forming systems mediate gene-enzyme relationships (4, 41). Thus, enzyme synthesis can be controlled at the gene-chromosome level or at the level of the enzyme-forming system (4, 32). Both the genotypic milieu and the cytoplasmic milieu may affect the degree of expression, the penetrance, and the actual mode of expression of certain genes (50). Thus, genetic function may be modified by the relationship of the genetic ma- terial to other chromatin of the chromosomes (position effect) (11, 35, 50), the presence of sup- pressor or modifier genes (2, 23, 36, 45, 46, 53), and other activators (9, 44). Tissue enzyme content varies with endocrine status (10, 12, 13, 30) and, in some cases, temperature (11, 20, 50). The phenomena of enzyme induction (8) and enzyme repression (49, 54) represent fundamental mecha- nisms of control. Finally, the expression of a gene may be altered when more of it is added to one and the same background (dosage effect) (11, 14,
Entrepreneurship against all odds : tool to create social cohesion, inclusion and jobs (2012)

Large sums have during the recent years been allocated towards the European Social Fund (ESF) goals of job creation, inclusion and social cohesion. Entrepreneurship has been launched as important t ...
Choice of Contact Points during Multidigit Grasping: Effect of Predictability of Object Center of Mass Location (2007)

It has been shown that when subjects can predict object properties [e.g., weight or center of mass (CM)], fingertip forces are appropriately scaled before the object is lifted, i.e., before somatosensory feedback can be processed. However, it is not known whether subjects, in addition to these anticipatory force mechanisms, exploit the ability to choose where digits can be placed to facilitate object manipulation. We addressed this question by asking subjects to reach and grasp an object whose CM was changed to the left, center, or right of the object in either a predictable or unpredictable manner. The only task requirement was to minimize object roll during lift. We hypothesized that subjects would modulate contact points but only when object CM location could be predicted. As expected, object roll was significantly smaller in the predictable condition. This experimental condition was also associated with statistically distinct spatial distributions of contact points as a function of object CM location but primarily when large torques had to be counteracted, i.e., for right and left CM locations. In contrast, when subjects could not anticipate CM location, a "default" distribution of contact points was used, this being statistically indistinguishable from that adopted for the center CM location in the predictable condition. We conclude that choice of contact points is integrated with anticipatory force control mechanisms to facilitate object manipulation. These results demonstrate that planning of digit placement is an important component of grasp control.
Investigation of coherent acoustic phonons in THz quantum cascade laser structures (2011)

Coherent zone folded acoustic phonons in terahertz quantum cascade laser (QCL) structures [1] are investigated by high-speed asynchronous optical sampling [2]. This method is based on two Ti:sapphire lasers with repetition rates of ∼1 GHz respectively. The time delay between pump and probe pulse is achieved by an offset in repetition rate of 5kHz. This allows for fast scanning times without moving mechanical parts [3].
Landau-Peierls instability, x-ray-diffraction patterns, and surface freezing in thin smectic films (1991)

A model of x-ray diffraction for thin smectic-A liquid-crystal films is presented. The effect of the smectic-layer displacement fluctuations and correlations and the molecular form factor on the interlayer structure and the x-ray-diffraction pattern is discussed. In thin films the influence of the displacement-displacement correlation function on the x-ray-diffraction pattern is very small and can be neglected in the analysis of experimental data. On the other hand, both the displacement-fluctuation term (Debye-Waller factor) and molecular form factor produce strong measurable effects and so can be determined. We discuss the dependence of displacement fluctuations, calculated in the framework of the Landau--de Gennes model, on the smectic elastic constants and the smectic-vapor surface tension and show that these constants can be determined from the x-ray-diffraction pattern. The analysis of the hydrodynamic (collective) layer fluctuations and the individual molecular-motion fluctuations shows that the latter can be neglected in comparison to the former. The fluctuation amplitudes predicted by the model agree within 5% with the recent experimental measurements performed on smectic-I on -C films.In thin smectic films the fluctuation amplitudes \ensuremath{\sigma}(r)=[〈${\mathit{u}}^{2}$(r)〉${]}^{1/2}$ are only \ensuremath{\sim}4 \AA{} compared with \ensuremath{\sim}8 \AA{} in a macroscopic sample. The fluctuations are suppressed at the two free surfaces by the large surface tension, grow away from each surface, and have a parabolic profile near the center of the film. We argue that one of the reasons for surface freeezing in smectic liquid crystals is the quench of the layer fluctuations by the large surface tension. However, we also show that in systems with small surface tension the fluctuations at the surface are in fact larger than the ones in the interior of the system. The growth of the diffuse scattering, due to the displacement-displacement correlations, with the thickness of the smectic film is discussed and shown to evolve towards the structure predicted for large samples by Gunther, Imry, and Lajzerowicz [Phys. Rev. A 20, 1733 (1980)]. The model for the displacement layer fluctuations including the director as an independent variable is presented. Furthermore, the coupling between the layer fluctuations and the nematic order parameter in smectic liquid crystals is qualitatively discussed. It is argued that the compressional modes induce the nematic order-parameter fluctuations and that a large fluctuation profile may induce the smectic-A--smectic-C phase transition in thin films. Eventually in tilted smectic liquid crystals the layer fluctuation profile may induce a tilt profile. Finally, it is shown that the presented model can be applied to smectic systems other than smectic-A; we give explicit formulas for the x-ray-scattering intensity from the smectic-${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{d}}$ films and also calculate the fluctuations amplitudes for the stratified smectic-I on -C system.
The Effectiveness of Web-Based Tailored Smoking Cessation Interventions on the Quitting Process (Project Quit): Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint) (2017)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Project Quit was a randomized Web-based smoking cessation trial designed and conducted by researchers from the University of Michigan, where its primary outcome was the 7-day point prevalence. One drawback of such an outcome is that it only focuses on smoking behavior over a very short duration, rather than the quitting process over the entire study period. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of this study was to consider the number of quit attempts during the 6-month study period as an alternative outcome, which would better reflect the quitting process. We aimed to find out whether tailored interventions (high vs low) are better in reducing the number of quit attempts for specific subgroups of smokers. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> To identify interactions between intervention components of smoking cessation and individual smoker characteristics, we employed Poisson regression to analyze the number of quit attempts. This approach allowed us to construct data-driven, personalized interventions. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> A negative effect of the number of cigarettes smoked per day (P=.03) and a positive effect of education (P=.03) on the number of quit attempts were detected from the baseline covariates (n=792). Thus, for every 10 extra cigarettes smoked per day, there was a 5.84% decrease in the expected number of quit attempts. Highly educated participants had a 15.49% increase in their expected number of quit attempts compared with their low-educated counterparts. A negative interaction between intervention component story and smoker’s education was also detected (P=.03), suggesting that a high-tailored story given to highly educated people results in 13.50% decrease in the number of quit attempts compared with a low-tailored story. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> A highly individually tailored story is significantly more effective for smokers with a low level of education. This is consistent with prior findings from Project Quit based on the 7-day point prevalence. </sec>
Polyclonal Antibodies Against gp185HER2 Peptides: Their Putative Role in the Identification of a Particular HER2 Status in Patients With Breast Cancer (2001)

SUMMARY: The HER2 oncogene and its relative oncoprotein, gp185HER2, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor family, are overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors including breast and ovarian cancer. In patients with breast cancer, both humoral and cell-mediated HER2 immune responses have been found as well as in some patients with gp185HER2 nonoverexpressing tumors. To establish whether peptide sequences identified as HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes are expressed in breast tumor cell lines and tissues, we produced and characterized by different methodologic approaches polyclonal antibodies raised against four gp185HER2 peptides. Two of the antibodies recognized peptides eluted from the HLA-A2 groove of the mDAmB231 breast cancer cell line expressing a basal level of gp185HER2. Paraffin-embedded primary and metastatic breast tumors were specifically immunostained by all four reagents, thereby showing an overlapping reactivity. When this immunoreactivity was compared with that obtained using two different monoclonal antibodies, in 105 breast primary tumors and 36 corresponding lymph node metastases, we identified a subset of tumors that were negative with anti-gp185HER2 monoclonal antibodies and positive with the four antipeptide antibodies. Our novel observations provide in vivo evidence of the complexity involved in evaluating HER2 expression, and open a new path for understanding the biologic significance of HER2 status in breast tumors.
Ischemic Stroke: Measurement of Intracranial Artery Calcifications Can Improve Prediction of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease (2013)

The IAC scores quantified by using unenhanced CT correlate significantly with coronary calcium scores and may serve as an independent predictor of asymptomatic CAD in patients with ischemic stroke.
Adaptive Techniques for MIMO Radar (2006)

By transmitting independent waveforms via different antennas, the echoes due to targets at different locations are linearly independent of each other, which allows the direct application of many adaptive techniques to achieve high resolution and excellent interference rejection capability. In the absence of array calibration errors, we discuss the application of several adaptive algorithms including Capon, APES and CAPES. When array errors are present, we apply the robust Capon beamformer (RCB) and doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (DCRCB) approaches to the MIMO radar system to achieve accurate parameter estimation and superior interference and jamming suppression performance
Inhibition of von Willebrand factor–platelet glycoprotein Ib interaction prevents and reverses symptoms of acute acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in baboons (2012)

The pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) can be explained by the absence of active ADAMTS13, leading to ultra-large von Willebrand factor (UL-VWF) multimers spontaneously interacting with platelets. Preventing the formation of UL-VWF-platelet aggregates therefore is an attractive new treatment strategy. Here, we demonstrate that simultaneous administration of the inhibitory anti-VWF monoclonal antibody GBR600 and the inhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 antibody 3H9 to baboons (prevention group) precluded TTP onset as severe thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia were absent in these animals. In addition, partial VWF inhibition was not enough to prevent thrombocytopenia, demonstrating the specificity of this therapeutic strategy. GBR600 treatment of baboons during acute TTP (treatment group) resulted in a rapid recovery of severe thrombocytopenia similar to the platelet count increases observed in TTP patients treated by plasma exchange. Baboons in the control group only injected with 3H9 developed early stages of TTP as previously described. Hence, inhibiting VWF-GPIb interactions is an effective way to prevent and treat the early symptoms of acquired TTP in baboons.
Analysis of the structure and dynamics of synaptic interface revealed functional anomaly of naive CD8+ T cells during HIV infection (2021)

Abstract While it is thought that HIV infection leads to a global defect in T cells, effect of the infection on the T cells at various differentiation stages has not been studied. We have exposed freshly isolated polyclonal CD8 T cells at various differentiation stages to planar lipid bilayers that display anti-CD3 antibody and soluble ICAM-1 and analyzed morphology and dynamics of the synaptic interface formation by the T cells, parameters that are linked to their functional activities. We have found that a large fraction of purified naïve CD8 T cells from HIV-infected people developed mature synapses exhibiting atypical degranulation capacity. These data provide evidence that even at the earlier stages of differentiation CD8 T cells derived from HIV-infected patients reveal functional anomaly causing changes in the ability to degranulate. The latter mediated by aberrant functioning of integrins and actin cytoskeleton resulting from continuous inflammation during chronic HIV infection. Functional anomaly of naïve T cells further impairs functions of CD8 T cells at later differentiation stages contributing to a global defect in T cells and failure to control the infection.
Frequent allelic loss at chromosome 3p distinct from genetic alterations of the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 gene in head and neck cancer (1999)

Cigarette smoking is the major known risk factor for head and neck cancer. Tobacco promotes oxidative stress and enhances tissue levels of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G) in smokers. The presence of 8-OH-G does not impede replication but leads to an accumulation of G-->T transversions. Recently, the gene for human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), an enzyme involved in the repair of 8-OH-G in humans, was cloned and mapped to chromosome 3p. In head and neck tumors, the hOGG1 gene locus is often targeted by loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and the spectrum of mutations in the p53 gene shows a bias in favor of G:C-->T:A transversions, as would be expected if HOGG1 repair functions were disabled. To test the involvement of hOGG1 in head and neck carcinogenesis, we had previously screened 56 tumors for LOH at 3p. From these tumors and two others, we selected 33 tumors demonstrating LOH for further mutational analysis of this gene. No somatic inactivating mutation was found in hOGG1. Polymorphisms involving intron 4 and exon 7 were present in 30% of the patients. A new polymorphism was identified in one patient in exon 6 and led to the amino-acid change G308E. Similar repair activities were found for the wild-type and exon 6-variant enzymes. Therefore, the involvement of hOGG1 in head and neck carcinogenesis is not strongly supported by this work.
Hydroxyapatite Modified with Carbon‐Nanotube‐Reinforced Poly(methyl methacrylate): A Nanocomposite Material for Biomedical Applications (2008)

Abstract The paper reports on a freeze‐granulation technique to prepare a novel nanocomposite of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐modified hydroxyapatite (HA) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement for a new generation biomedical bone cement and implant coatings. By using this technique it is possible to increase material homogeneity and also enhance the dispersion of MWCNTs in the composite matrix. The phase composition and the surface morphology of the nanocomposite material were studied using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, nanomechanical properties of different concentrations of MWCNT‐reinforced nanocomposite were performed by a nanoindentation technique, which indicates that a concentration of 0.1 wt % MWCNTs in the PMMA/HA nanocomposite material gives the best mechanical properties.
Differentiation of an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B-cell clone into immunoglobulin-producing cells in vitro. (1988)

Precursors to B-cell lines with immunoglobulin genes in the germ-line context have been shown to be capable of generating mature B cells in vivo. We report here that an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B-cell line, LyD9, differentiated in vitro into mature B cells, producing IgM and IgG by coculture with bone marrow accessory (or stroma) cells or with dendritic cells and T cells. Up to 50% of IgM-positive cells, but no Thy-1-positive cells, appeared after the 7- to 10-day coculture. Induced LyD9 cells underwent heterogenous immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and synthesized mRNAs encoding immunoglobulin mu, gamma, and kappa chains. However, these cells did not show any rearrangement of genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell receptor. The induction of differentiation by coculture with bone marrow stroma cells was blocked by anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 or anti-interleukin 4 antibody. These systems are useful for molecular biological studies on regulation of differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into the B-cell lineage.
TOXICITY, DNA DAMAGE AND INHIBITION OF DNA REPAIR SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS BY CONCENTRATED SUNLIGHT (1982)

Abstract A 1 m diameter water lens was used to focus solar radiation, giving an 8‐fold concentration of the total spectrum and a cytocidal flux similar to that of laboratory UV sources. Survival curves for human melanoma cells were similar for sunlight and 254 nm UV, in that D q , was usually larger than D o . An xeroderma pigmentosum lymphoblastoid line was equally sensitive to both agents and human cell lines sensitive to ionizing radiation (lymphoblastoid lines), crosslinking agents or monofunctional alkylating agents (melanoma lines) had the same 254 nm UV and solar survival responses as appropriate control lines. Two melanoma sublines derived separately by 16 cycles of treatment with sunlight or 254 nm UV were crossresistant to both agents. In one melanoma cell line used for further studies, DNA strand breaks and DNA‐protein crosslinking were induced in melanoma cells by sunlight but pyrimidine dimers (paper chromatography) and DNA interstrand crosslinking (alkaline elution) could not be detected. The solar fiuence response of DNA repair synthesis was much less than that from equitoxic 254 nm UV, reaching a maximum near the D o value and then declining; semiconservative DNA synthesis on the other hand remained high. These effects were not due to changes in thymidine pool sizes. Solar exposure did not have a major effect on 254 nm UV‐induced repair synthesis.
Utilizing Selenocysteine for Expressed Protein Ligation and Bioconjugations (2017)

Employing selenocysteine-containing protein fragments to form the amide bond between respective protein fragments significantly extends the current capabilities of the widely used protein engineering method, expressed protein ligation. Selenocysteine-mediated ligation is noteworthy for its high yield and efficiency. However, it has so far been restricted to solid-phase synthesized seleno-peptides and thus constrained by where the selenocysteine can be positioned. Here we employ heterologously expressed seleno-fragments to overcome the placement and size restrictions in selenocysteine-mediated chemical ligation. Following ligation, the selenocysteine can be deselenized into an alanine or serine, resulting in nonselenoproteins. This greatly extends the flexibility in selecting the conjugation site in expressed protein ligations with no influence on native cysteines. Furthermore, the selenocysteine can be used to selectively introduce site-specific protein modifications. Therefore, selenocysteine-mediated expressed protein ligation simplifies incorporation of post-translational modifications into the protein scaffold.
Reversible Logic Synthesis via Biconditional Binary Decision Diagrams (2015)

Reversible logic synthesis is an emerging research area to aid the circuit implementation for multiple nano-scale technologies with bounded fan-out. Due to the inherent complexity of this problem, several heuristics are proposed in the literature. Among those, reversible logic synthesis using decision diagrams offers an attractive solution due to its scalability and performance. In this paper, we exploit a novel, canonical, Biconditional Binary Decision Diagram (BBDD) for reversible logic synthesis. Using BBDD, for multiple classes of Boolean functions, superior circuit performance is achievable due to its compacter presentation. We discuss theoretical and experimental studies in comparison with state-of-the-art reversible logic synthesis based on decision diagrams.
Neutral beam development at BNL (1981)

The long-term objective of the BNL Neutral Beam Development Group is to design and test a neutral beam system, using negative ion sources with a high beam current density. The principal elements of such a system are: a source of negative ions, beam extraction and transport system, accelerator, neutralizer, and the system for the removal and dumping (or energy recovery) of the remaining charged components of the beam. In the past year, a transition has been made from high current density, but pulsed, negative ion sources to sources designed to operate steady state. Two variants of the basic magnetron source geometry are being studied: the standard one with the discharge established in the interelectrode gap and the other with plasma injection from a hollow cathode discharge (HCD). Both sources have so far operated with steady state discharges.
Incremental robot learning of new objects with fixed update time (2017)

We consider object recognition in the context of lifelong learning, where a robotic agent learns to discriminate between a growing number of object classes as it accumulates experience about the environment. We propose an incremental variant of the Regularized Least Squares for Classification (RLSC) algorithm, and exploit its structure to seamlessly add new classes to the learned model. The presented algorithm addresses the problem of having an unbalanced proportion of training examples per class, which occurs when new objects are presented to the system for the first time. We evaluate our algorithm on both a machine learning benchmark dataset and two challenging object recognition tasks in a robotic setting. Empirical evidence shows that our approach achieves comparable or higher classification performance than its batch counterpart when classes are unbalanced, while being significantly faster.