gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning to Mitigate Single-Event Upsets in RF Circuits and Systems (2021)

The present article applies the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -nearest neighbors ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -NN) machine learning (ML) algorithm to detect and correct single-event upsets (SEUs). In particular, this work focuses on SEUs resulting from single-event transients in RF systems carrying modulated data. Pulsed-laser measurements were performed, and the resulting SEUs were used to train separate <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -NN algorithms to detect and correct these upsets. The results show that the algorithm correctly classified data into “upset” and “no upset” 99.2% of the time. In addition, the number of symbol upsets was reduced by 30%. Some of the challenges to implementing and deploying this error correction approach in flight systems are discussed. The results of the present work demonstrate the potential benefits of applying ML techniques to the field of radiation effects.
Complex pixelated optical filters (2017)

Multispectral or hyperspectral images allow acquiring new information that could not be acquired using colored images and, for example, identifying chemical species on an observed scene using specific highly selective filters.
Calibration procedures for planetary measurements with a mm/submm FTS (2001)

A millimeter/submillimeter FTS installed at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory is being used to measure the broadband spectrum the Giant Planets. The calibration procedure is described here in detail and some examples are given.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neural activities are unfavorable for the prognosis of ovarian cancer through mRNA expression analysis. (2019)

Aim: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading lethal gynecological cancer in women worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanism of OC is very important for the identification of highly sensitive biomarkers for its prognosis. Methodology: We detected prognostic-related mRNA of OC in OncoLnc database. The main features between the unfavorable and favorable prognostic OC mRNAs were analyzed and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment as well as correlation analysis was conducted in our study. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that neural activities can promote OC progression, indicating poor prognosis, among which axon guidance functions most significantly govern the main neural activities, followed by neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Four neural genes (NTN1, UNC5B, EFNB2 and EFNA5) could serve as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision medicine to treat OC patients. PMID: 30982327
New solid state laser crystals created by epitaxial growth (2012)

Rare-earth-doped oxide crystals such as Nd:YAG are often used as the gain medium in solid state lasers because they produce a collection of sharp emission peaks, some of which have strong gain. Rather than the typical bulk form of these crystals, thin films with planar waveguide geometry are promising alternatives for compact devices with lower lasing thresholds and better heat extraction. Such benefits motivated the growth of these oxide films by molecular beam epitaxy, a technique capable of films with precise composition, thickness and structure due to its independently controlled elemental sources. Two sets of material systems were attempted, Al-Ga-O and Y-Al-O, with Nd as the sole dopant. The films were grown on sapphire substrates of various orientations, then analyzed by x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence where peaks signaled long-range and short-range order respectively. Work on the Al-Ga-O system yielded Nd:α-Al₂O₃ (Nd:sapphire) and Nd:α-Ga₂O₃, two new laser crystals with unique collections of sharp emission peaks only observable from single-crystal films grown at temperatures far below the melting point. These conditions were required to confine the much-larger Nd dopants into Al and Ga sites with short-range order, and are unlikely reproducible by bulk methods. Due to their shared corundum structure, the emission spectra from Nd:sapphire and Nd:α-Ga₂O₃ appear similar but wavelength-shifted. The dominant Nd:sapphire peak has strong gain comparable to its counterpart from Nd:YVO₄, one of the highest available, while the blue-shifted Nd:α-Ga₂O₃ peak is likewise comparable to Nd:YAG. Alloying both produced corundum-structure crystals with peaks that shifted linearly with unit cell volume, which in turn depended on Ga/Al ratio and film stress. These Al-Ga-O crystals are promising for applications involving compositional-tuning and graded-index layers. Ternary Y-Al-O is not tunable because it has three stable phases YAM, YAP and YAG with different compositions, structures and thus emission spectra. Single-phase films of each phase were grown without single-crystal structure but still yielded sharp peaks consistent with their bulk counterparts. Short-range order was achievable because the Nd dopants were size-compatible with the Y sites. While the peaks did not shift with Y/Al ratio, peak sharpness improved when the ratio approached bulk stoichiometric values.
Application of Automated Data-Scanning Techniques to U.S. Army Directorates of Engineering and Housing Operations (1991)

U.S. Army Directorates of Engineering and Housing (DEHs) are responsible for operating and maintaining a large infrastructure of real property, including millions of acres of land and about 194,000 facilities. Effective management of these resources requires the collection of accurate data on a large quantity of labor, equipment, and material resources. Automated data scanning technologies, already successfully applied in the private sector, are far more accurate than manual data collection and entry, and can help ensure a maximum return on the Army's sizable real property investment. This interim report gives an overview of currently available automatic data scanning technologies, and summarizes the DEH activities and computer programs that may operate more efficiently and effectively through the application of automatic data entry. It is anticipated that the conclusion of this project will present an overall plan for a unified approach to DEH data collection and entry.
Islet injury induces neurotrophin expression in pancreatic cells and reactive gliosis of peri-islet Schwann cells (1998)

Pancreatic islets are enveloped by a sheath of Schwann cells, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The fact that Schwann cells of the PNS become reactive and express nerve growth factor (NGF) and other growth factors following axotomy suggested the possibility that peri-islet Schwann cells could become activated by islet injury. To test this hypothesis, we examined two animal models of islet injury. The first model was mice and rats injected with streptozotocin (SZ), a specific β-cell toxin. The second model was NOD mice, a strain in which β cells are deleted by an autoimmune process. We found that peri-islet Schwann cells became reactive following islet injury and began to express increased levels of NGF and the neurotrophin receptor p75. Lesions to the pancreas also markedly induced NGF expression by exocrine and endocrine cells. Neurotrophin expression was not unique to adult tissues since pancreatic cells transiently expressed p75, the NGF receptor Trk A, and NGF during development. These observations suggest that NGF could play an important role in pancreas during embryogenesis and in processes leading to repair following islet injury in adults. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 34: 304–318, 1998
In Vivo Kinematics of Two Types of Ball-and-Socket Cervical Disc Replacements in the Sagittal Plane (2008)

Neither the cranial or caudal types of ball-and-socket designs did fully restore the normal mobility in terms of ROM and COR in this patient's series.
Altered balance of main vasopressor and vasodepressor systems in rats with genetic hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia (2002)

The precise role of nitric oxide (NO) in hypertension is still not fully understood, although this vasodilator system represents the main counterbalance of major pressor systems. The aim of our study was to determine the contributions of superoxide anions, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and NO to the maintenance of blood pressure (BP) in Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridaemic (HTG) rats with genetic hypertension. Conscious chronically cannulated rats were subjected to the consecutive blockade of the RAS (losartan, 10mg/kg), the SNS (pentolinium, 5mg/kg) and NO synthase [Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NAME), 30mg/kg]. Some additional rats were pretreated with tempol (a membrane-permeable mimetic of superoxide dismutase). A subsequent genetic study in HTG×Lewis F2 hybrid rats (n = 284) was designed to reveal potential associations of particular BP components with baseline BP. The progenitor study indicated that BP elevation was more pronounced in male than female HTG rats (as compared with normotensive Lewis controls). Higher BP in HTG rats was due to the increased residual BP (measured after combined RAS and SNS blockade) and the augmentation of BP responses to tempol or losartan. In contrast, BP responses to pentolinium or l-NAME were similar in all experimental groups. It should, however, be noted that the baseline BP of progenitor animals was correlated positively with both residual BP and the magnitude of the BP response to pentolinium, but not with BP response to l-NAME. Similarly, the baseline BP of F2 hybrid rats was positively associated with residual BP, the BP response to pentolinium and the relative SNS contribution to BP maintenance [expressed as a percentage of baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) values], as well as with the ratio of BP changes elicited by ganglion blockade and NO synthase inhibition (ΔMAPpentolinium/ΔMAPl-NAME ratio), reflecting the balance of main vasopressor and vasodepressor systems. Thus our studies, performed in progenitor and F2 hybrid rats, revealed that changes in BP induced by l-NAME do not keep pace with the progressive augmentation of pentolinium-induced changes in BP occurring over a wide range of increasing BP. The altered balance between enhanced SNS-dependent vasoconstriction and unchanged NO-dependent vasodilation (‘relative NO deficiency’ in rats with high BP) might result in BP elevation in this form of genetic hypertension.
Reconstruction of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images (1999)

Reconstructing the geometry of the human cerebral cortex from MR images is an important step in both brain mapping and surgical path planning applications. Difficulties with imaging noise, partial volume averaging, image intensity inhomogeneities, convoluted cortical structures, and the requirement to preserve anatomical topology make the development of accurate automated algorithms particularly challenging. In this paper we address each of these problems and describe a systematic method for obtaining a surface representation of the geometric central layer of the human cerebral cortex. Using fuzzy segmentation, an isosurface algorithm, and a deformable surface model, the method reconstructs the entire cortex with the correct topology, including deep convoluted sulci and gyri. The method is largely automated and its results are robust to imaging noise, partial volume averaging, and image intensity inhomogeneities. The performance of this method is demonstrated, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results of its application to six subjects and one simulated MR brain volume are presented.
Fuce (2007)

Current trends of research on multithreading processors are the chip multithreading (CMT), which aims to exploit thread level parallelism (TLP) and to improve performance of software built onalltraditional threading components, e.g. pthreads. However, CMT is principally a straight forward extension of conventionalall symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) techniques, and it will suffer from the same limits to scalable multithreaded processing ifallit is built only on the traditional sequential-computation-based framework. Consideringallthese limitations of sequential-processor-basedallmultithreading, we are taking another approach to developing a multithreading processor dedicated to thread level parallelism(TLP). Our processor, named Fuce, is based on continuation-based multithreading. A thread is defined as a block of sequentially ordered instructions which areall executed exclusively. Every execution of a thread is triggered by one or more events, each of which is called continuation. The hardware cost and performance of the Fuce processor areallevaluated by means of a hardware implementation on FPGA and software simulation.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Borylation of Racemic Secondary Benzylic Electrophiles (2018)

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as the most versatile approach to date for achieving enantioconvergent carbon-carbon bond formation using racemic alkyl halides as electrophiles. In contrast, there have not yet been reports of the application of chiral nickel catalysts to the corresponding reactions with heteroatom nucleophiles to produce carbon-heteroatom bonds with good enantioselectivity. Herein, we establish that a chiral nickel/pybox catalyst can borylate racemic secondary benzylic chlorides to provide enantioenriched benzylic boronic esters, a highly useful family of compounds in organic synthesis. The method displays good functional group compatibility (e.g., being unimpeded by the presence of an indole, a ketone, a tertiary amine, or an unactivated alkyl bromide), and both of the catalyst components (NiCl<sub>2</sub> ⋅glyme and the pybox ligand) are commercially available.
Double-bond participation and conformational effects in the acetolysis of 1-methylcyclohept-4-enylmethyl p-bromobenzenesulphonate and 2-(1-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)ethyl p-bromobenzenesulphonate (1966)

C. Chuit, F. Colard and H. Felkin, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 118 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000118
A study of double exposure process design with balanced performance parameters for line/space applications (2007)

As the semiconductor fabrication groundrule has reached the 32nm node, in general there are several possible approaches for the photolithography solution such as the double exposure with 1.35 NA immersion, the high refractive index immersion, the extremely ultra violet (EUV) lithography, nanoimprint lithography etc. Among the four, the easiest approach seems to be the double exposure method at an effective numerical aperture (NA) of 1.35. However, there are still challenges in the design and optimization of the process, such as, the use of appropriate illumination condition, the choice of a good photoresist, and the design of an optical proximity correction (OPC) strategy. Besides these considerations, there is a question as whether we really need the double etch process. To study the double exposure mechanism, we have used a 248 nm deep-UV exposure tool and several well chosen photoresist (one is for Space application and the other is for Line application) to study the photo performance parameters in the merge of two photo exposures. At a numerical aperture (NA) around 0.7, the minimum groundrule we can achieve is the one for a 75 nm logic process with minimum pitch around 220 nm. One approach will be that the features with pitches wider than 440 nm are completed in a single exposure, which includes various isolated lines and spaces, line and space ends, two-dimensional structures, etc. This strategy essentially puts the single exposure pattern under the 0.18 um logic like pitches where mild conventional illumination can produce a balanced performance. Under typical illumination conditions, the photolithographic process under 0.18 um like ground rule is well understood and the optical proximity correction is not complicated. The remaining issues are in the dense pitches, where the double exposure kicks in. We have demonstrated that the double exposure with single development can achieve a process window large enough for a 75 nm logic like process and the OPC behavior such as line through pitch is manageable although OPC correction strategy may require substantial improvement to accommodate two individual exposures. In this paper, we will demonstrate the result of our study of the basic photolithographic performance indicators, such as the exposure latitude (EL), the depth of focus (DOF), the CD through pitch, the line edge roughness (LER) and the mask error factor (MEF) for the optimized process. And we will discuss the choice of photoresists for this special application. It seems that a photoresist with a balanced performance for both the line and space is necessary to realize a good double exposure process. In this paper, we will also present our simulation result of effective resist diffusion length to explore the limit of such approach.
Electrospun Fibers for Spinal Cord Injury Research and Regeneration (2015)

Electrospinning is the process by which a scaffold containing micrometer and nanometer diameter fibers are drawn from a polymer solution or melt using a large voltage gradient between a polymer emitting source and a grounded collector. Ramakrishna and colleagues first investigated electrospun fibers for neural applications in 2004. After this initial study, electrospun fibers are increasingly investigated for neural tissue engineering applications. Electrospun fibers robustly support axonal regeneration within in vivo rodent models of spinal cord injury. These findings suggest the possibility of their eventual use within patients. Indeed, both spinal cord and peripheral nervous system regeneration research over the last several years shows that physical guidance cues induce recovery of limb, respiration, or bladder control in rodent models. Electrospun fibers may be an alternative to the peripheral nerve graft (PNG), because PNG autografts injure the patient and are limited in supply, and allografts risk host rejection. In addition, electrospun fibers can be engineered easily to confront new therapeutic challenges. Fibers can be modified to release therapies locally or can be physically modified to direct neural stem cell differentiation. This review summarizes the major findings and trends in the last decade of research, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury. This review also demonstrates how electrospun fibers can be used to study the central nervous system in vitro.
Polymerization of Acetaldehyde by Triethylaluminum-Sodium A cetate Complex (1963)

トリエチルアルミニウムと酢酸ナトリウムから, モル比が1:1または2:1の有機溶媒に可溶な複合体をつくった。アセトアルデヒドは,これらの複合体触媒により立体規則性重合を行ない,特に2:1の複合体触媒を用いた重合では,ほとんどが有機溶媒に不溶のアイソタクチックポリマーをえた。熱容量の大きい重合溶媒を用いるほど重合収率が大きく,溶媒不溶部も多かった。また重合収率は触媒がモノマーに対し0.5～1.0mol%の濃度付近に,溶媒はモノマーに対しモル比で2～3倍量の所に極大値を示した。重合の見かけの活性化エネルギーは重合の初期速度より-8.8kcal/molと計算された。このポリマーの熱安定性は他の有機金属化合物触媒を用いてえたポリマーよりすぐれていた。
SUMO-specific Protease 1 Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis through PGC-1α (2012)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in response to changes in the cellular environment, physiological or pathological status of mammals. PGC-1α is known to be modified by SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier). However, it is not known whether SUMOylation could affect the function of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis and that how PGC-1α SUMOylation is regulated. In this study, we have identified the role of Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) as a specific SUMO protease to regulate SUMOylation status of PGC-1α. More importantly, we have also found that SENP1 promotes PGC-1α transcription activity, which is essential for the expression of mitochondrial genes and subsequently mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, we reveal that the SUMOylation of PGC-1α controlled by SENP1 plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
A hybrid representation of environment models in image-based real time walkthrough (2003)

In this paper, a hybrid representation of environment models using a combination of points and polygons is proposed. Through the model, a real time walkthrough of a complex environment can be achieved. We start from multiple depth reference images and classify the pixels of images into two categories, corresponding respectively to planar and non-planar surfaces in 3D space, then all the redundant points are removed by a comparison algorithm of sampling rate. For pixels corresponding to nonplanar surfaces, the point representation is maintained, and a local reconstruction and resampling process is employed to re-sample a set of points that distribute more uniformly on the surfaces. The re-sampled points are organized by an OBB-tree according to their space coordinates and a multiresolution structure is built to improve the rendering efficiency. For pixels corresponding to planar surfaces, the plane coefficients are reconstructed and all their appearances in the reference images are merged to texture maps. Under this hybrid representation, texture mapping and point-based rendering are employed to render the novel views, to take full advantage of the acceleration utility of graphics hardware. The algorithm demonstrates the combined advantages of approaches in traditional computer graphics and PBR/IBR, texture mapping for plane surfaces and point-based rendering for high detail surfaces and shapes.
The Ideal Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Site Dressing (2009)

The almost single disadvantage of polyurethane film dressings, an uncontrolled leakage, is probably as often described as its numerous advantages for split-thickness skin graft donor sites. We solved this problem by perforating the polyurethane film, which permits a controlled leakage into a secondary absorbent dressing. The study included 30 adult patients. Skin graft donor sites at the proximal thigh were dressed with the modified film dressing. Our results indicate that this dressing concept is associated with a reliable, rapid rate of epithelization. Both, controlled leakage and minimal pain caused particular comfort for patients and ward staff. Furthermore, this dressing was also suited for differently shaped and large donor sites. We conclude that the modification results in a more practicable, comfortable, and cost-effective film dressing, which requalifies the polyurethane film as an ideal dressing material for split-thickness skin graft donor sites.
Lifetime fluorescence for the detection of skin lesions (2014)

Annually, 2-3 millions non-melanoma and around 132,000 melanoma skin cancers occur globally and unfortunately these numbers are increasing, according to the World Health Organization. Surgical resection is only effective for initial lesions, and its recurrence can vary from 7 to 51%. Patient prognosis is highly dependent on early diagnosis, due its metastatic potential, and poor response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In Brazil, approximately 8,000 lesions are diagnosed per year, and melanoma is responsible for 80-85% of all deaths caused by skin cancer.
Two unsaturated 9R‐hydroxy fatty acids from the cyanobacteriumAnabaena flos‐aquae f. flos‐aquae (1992)

Abstract (9 R ‐10 E ,12 Z ,15 Z )‐9‐Hydroxyotadecatrienoic acid and (9 R ,10 E ,12 Z )‐9‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid were isolated from the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae. f. flos‐aquae and characterized as the corresponding methyl esters. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of 9 R ‐oxygenated fatty acids.
Using Web-Based Technologies and Geographic Information Systems in Community Planning (2000)

(2000). Using Web-Based Technologies and Geographic Information Systems in Community Planning. Journal of Urban Technology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-30.