gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Microstructural Features on the Propagation of Microstructurally Short Fatigue Cracks in Structural Steels (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Investigation and Results Numerical Investigation and Results Discussion
Extracellular vesicle sorting of α-Synuclein is regulated by sumoylation (2015)

Extracellular α-Synuclein has been implicated in interneuronal propagation of disease pathology in Parkinson's Disease. How α-Synuclein is released into the extracellular space is still unclear. Here, we show that α-Synuclein is present in extracellular vesicles in the central nervous system. We find that sorting of α-Synuclein in extracellular vesicles is regulated by sumoylation and that sumoylation acts as a sorting factor for targeting of both, cytosolic and transmembrane proteins, to extracellular vesicles. We provide evidence that the SUMO-dependent sorting utilizes the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) by interaction with phosphoinositols. Ubiquitination of cargo proteins is so far the only known determinant for ESCRT-dependent sorting into the extracellular vesicle pathway. Our study reveals a function of SUMO protein modification as a Ubiquitin-independent ESCRT sorting signal, regulating the extracellular vesicle release of α-Synuclein. We deciphered in detail the molecular mechanism which directs α-Synuclein into extracellular vesicles which is of highest relevance for the understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and progression at the molecular level. We furthermore propose that sumo-dependent sorting constitutes a mechanism with more general implications for cell biology.
Hydration Equilibrium Constants of Aldehydes, Ketones and Quinazolines (2005)

SPARC chemical reactivity and physical processes models were coupled and extended to calculate hydration equilibrium constants for aldehydes, ketones, quinazoline and substituted quinazolines compounds from molecular structure. The energy differences between the initial (anhydrible) and the final (hydrated) states in the gas phase for a molecule of interest were calculated using SPARC mechanistic perturbation models. These perturbations models quantify the interactions of the appended perturber (P) with the carbonyl reaction center of the aldehydes or ketones or with the imine reaction center of the quinazolines. The perturbations of the reaction center were factored into mechanistic components of electrostatic, resonance and steric effects in the gas phase. The solvation energy (Henry's constant) of the anhydrible and the hydrated states on going from the gas phase to the aqueous phase were calculated using SPARC physical processes models. These physical processes models quantify the intermolecular interactions between the solute and the solvent molecules upon placing a solute molecule in the aqueous phase. The intermolecular interactions are factored into dispersion, induction, dipole-dipole and H-bonding interaction mechanisms. The RMS deviation error was 0.36 pKhydration units for 36 aldehyde and ketone compounds and 0.43 pKhydration units for quinazoline and 31 substituted quinazoline compounds.
First evaluation of the restoration of Braças Lagoon (Figueira da Foz - Portugal) (1997)

Due to natural and anthropogenic changes, Bracas lagoon (Figueira da Foz -Portugal) dried during the summers of 1989 and 1991-1993. In order to enhance the water level (by increasing depth) and water quality (by reducing internal nutrient loading), the sediment of this lagoon was partially removed in 1993 (August to October). Afterwards, this lagoon was monitored during 13 months for water temperature, conductivity, oxygen, pH, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphorus, depth and transparency, phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a) and zooplankton, in two zones: the dredged (DZ) and the non-dredged (NDZ). Sediment removal induced resuspension of fine particles, giving rise to a decrease in transparency and an increase in the amount of inorganic nutrients. Thereafter, DZ showed lower nutrient concentrations than NDZ, mainly regarding to phosphorus and nitrogen. Chlorophyll-a concentration was significantly lower in DZ (annual mean = 0.33 mg/m 3 ) than in NDZ (annual mean = 2.31 mg/m 3 ). In November (1993), zooplankton populations (rotifers, copepods and cladocerans) were already inhabiting the DZ. Ceriodaphnia pulchella SARS collected in previous studies was not recorded; otherwise, additional species were recorded (Ceriodaphnia reticulata JURINE, Simacephutus vetulus 0. F. MULLER and Moina rectirostris LEYDIG). Macrophyte vegetation did not develop in the DZ during the studied period.
[Posterior sternoclavicular luxation. Apropos of 6 cases]. (1990)

The authors have reviewed six retro-sternal dislocations of the clavicle. The indirect mechanism of this dislocation was in 3 cases, due to sport accidents (rugby). The radiological incidence of Heining allowed the diagnosis and the CT examination carried out the checkup of the associated lesions. The surgical reduction revealed lesions of the meniscus which were found in 3 cases out of 6 and allowed one to realize a plastic operation using the tendon of the subclavian muscle (4 times out of 6) in order to stabilize by sternoclavicular joint, as well in recent injuries as in old ones. The results were satisfactory.
Design and Fabrication of ZnO-Based FBAR Microwave Devices for Mobile WiMAX Applications (2007)

In this letter, we present the design and fabrication of a novel ZnO-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) microwave devices. The novel FBAR devices employ a new-type of Bragg reflector with very thin chromium (Cr) layer formed between SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and W films. The Cr layer seems to enhance the adhesion between SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and W layers. The novel FBAR devices show good return losses (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ) and high Q-factors at the frequency range of 2.7-3.0 GHz. This approach will be very helpful for mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications.
Revisiting absorption and electronic circular dichroism spectra of cholesterol in solution: a joint experimental and theoretical study (2018)

Cholesterol is doubtless one of the most studied bio-molecules, which unfortunately features low emitting properties, precluding its in vivo study by fluorescence experiments. The design of fluorescent analogues of cholesterol is thus an appealing challenge in biochemistry, which simultaneously requires minor changes in its chemical structure (to retain main biological properties) and considerable enhancement of light emission. To this aim, the photochemical behaviour of the native molecule has to be deeply understood. In this work, we focused our attention on the electronic absorption of cholesterol in several common organic solutions, combining experimental (through ultraviolet-visible and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy) and theoretical approaches (at the time-dependent density functional theory level) in order to solve the important discrepancies previously reported in the literature on the maximum absorption wavelengths and on the nature (Rydberg and/or π → π*) of the associated electronic transition.
Thin-Film Morphology of Inkjet-Printed Single-Droplet Organic Transistors Using Polarized Raman Spectroscopy: Effect of Blending TIPS-Pentacene with Insulating Polymer (2011)

We report thin-film morphology studies of inkjet-printed single-droplet organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using angle-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy. We show this to be an effective technique to determine the degree of molecular order as well as to spatially resolve the orientation of the conjugated backbones of the 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pentacene) molecules. The addition of an insulating polymer, polystyrene (PS), does not disrupt the π-π stacking of the TIPS-Pentacene molecules. Blending in fact improves the uniformity of the molecular morphology and the active layer coverage within the device and reduces the variation in molecular orientation between polycrystalline domains. For OTFT performance, blending enhances the saturation mobility from 0.22 ± 0.05 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene) to 0.72 ± 0.17 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene:PS) in addition to improving the quality of the interface between TIPS-Pentacene and the gate dielectric in the channel, resulting in threshold voltages of ∼0 V and steep subthreshold slopes.
The arrays of GaAs antenna-coupled Schottky barrier diodes in millimeter wave imaging systems. (1994)

Microstrip arrays of GaAs antenna-coupled Schott­ky barrier diodes for millimeter wave imaging systems were developed. A method for estimating the imaging properties of such arrays in videosystems with Fuko test objects and ar­rangement for forming the monochromatic spatial incoherent radiation is suggested. Circular asymmetry of modulation transfer function of the receiving elements was experimentally revealed. It seems to be inherent to the majority of such kind of the arrays. This asymmetry is ought to be taken into account during the development of imaging systems on the basis of these arrays.
Shape memory polymers with silicon-containing segments (2010)

Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers are stimuli-responsive materials whose shape is modulated by heat. They have been investigated as smart materials in a variety of biomedical, industrial and aerospace applications. The vast majority of shape memory polymers have been limited to those prepared from organic polymers. In this present work, shape memory polymers comprised of inorganic silicon-containing polymer segments (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) and organic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) segments were developed. Because of its low <i>T</i> <sub>g</sub>, PDMS served as a highly effective soft segment. The photochemical cure of diacrylated PCL <sub><i>n</i></sub> -<i>block</i>-PDMS<sub>37</sub>-<i>block</i>-PCL <sub><i>n</i></sub> macromers with tailored PCL segment lengths produced networks with excellent mechanical properties, shape fixity, and shape recovery.
A5 ADMISSION AND RE-ADMISSION FOR UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING ARE MORE COMMON IN REGIONS UNDERREPRESENTED BY GASTROENTEROLOGISTS: A POPULATION BASED COHORT STUDY (2020)

Abstract Background Lack of access to gastroenterologists may influence outcomes for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Aims To evaluate admission and re-admissions for patients with UGIB across the five health zones in Alberta that vary by access to local gastroenterologists. Methods Administrative databases identified all patients presenting to an emergency department with an UGIB who were admitted to hospital in Alberta from 2010 to 2015 (n = 17143). Admissions were stratified based the patients’ residence: Calgary, Edmonton, South, Central and North. Log-linear regression assessed an Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) in the incidence of UGIB hospitalizations with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Endoscopy and readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge was evaluated. Results The per capita number of gastroenterologists was highest in Calgary (3.9 per 100,000) and Edmonton (3.8) as compared to Central (0.84), South (0.66), and North (0.41). Incidence of hospital admission for UGIB decreased in Alberta (AAPC=-6.9%; 95%CI: -8.4,-5.4); though rates for UGIB in Calgary and Edmonton was less common than non-metropolitan zones (Figure 1). Patients living in Calgary and Edmonton had lower 30-day hospital readmission rate (4.30% and 4.84%) as compared to North (11.95%), Central (10.74%), and South (8.24%) (Table 1). Patients in Calgary and Edmonton underwent endoscopic evaluation more frequently (79.6% and 76.1%) than the North, Central, and South (68.41%, 66.3%, and 71.36%). Conclusions Patients presenting to emergency departments with UGIB were more likely to be admitted to hospital and subsequently be re-admitted within 30-days of discharge in regions underrepresented by gastroenterologists. Improving access to local gastroenterologists in may reduce the burden of hospitalizations for an UGIB. Funding Agencies Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Health System (PRIHS) funded by Alberta Health Services and Alberta Innovates
The role of apolipoprotein E (rs7412 and rs429358) in age-related macular degeneration (2018)

Our data demonstrated that ApoE 4/2 genotype was less frequently observed in old patients (65 years and more) with exudative AMD compared to old healthy controls. It leads to hypothesis on the protective effect of ApoE 4/2 to develop AMD in the elderly.
Modulation of inhibitory communication coordinates looking and reaching (2020)

Summary Looking and reaching are controlled by different brain regions and coordinated during natural behaviour 1–3 . Understanding how flexible, natural behaviours like coordinated looking-and-reaching are controlled depends on understanding how neurons in different regions of the brain communicate 4 . Excitatory multiregional communication recruits neural coherence in a gamma-frequency (40-90 Hz) band 5 . Inhibitory control mechanisms are also required to flexibly control behaviour 6 , but little is known about how neurons in one region transiently suppress individual neurons in another to support behaviour. How does neuronal firing in a sender-region transiently suppress firing in a receiver-region? Here, we study inhibitory communication during a flexible, natural behaviour, termed gaze-anchoring, in which saccades are transiently inhibited by coordinated reaches. During gaze-anchoring, we find that neurons in the reach region of the posterior parietal cortex can inhibit neuronal firing in the parietal saccade region to suppress eye movements and improve reach accuracy. Importantly, suppression is transient, only present around the coordinated reach, and greatest when reach neurons fire spikes at a particular phase of beta-frequency (15-25 Hz) activity, not gamma-frequency activity. Our work provides evidence in the activity of single neurons for a novel mechanism of inhibitory communication in which beta-frequency neural coherence transiently inhibits multiregional communication to flexibly coordinate our natural behaviour.
Major cerebral arterial and venous disease in osteopetrosis. (1986)

Two patients with osteopetrosis were studied in whom severe stenosis of one or both internal carotid arteries was demonstrated. One patient had autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and the other patient had the autosomal recessive form of the disease. In one patient, probable occlusion of one internal jugular vein and retrograde thrombosis of the contributing dural venous sinuses was present. Venous drainage of parts of the brain occurred through dilated emissary and scalp veins. It appears that major extracranial vessels may be impinged upon by dysplastic bone in osteopetrosis, although this is the first report of such an occurrence. A posterior fossa aneurysm was present in one case, and may have been related to abnormal intracranial hemodynamics.
Identification of kallikrein and FXIa as impurities in therapeutic immunoglobulins: implications for the safety and control of intravenous blood products (2011)

Kallikrein and FXIa are the major contaminants in IVIGs. FXIa was highly procoagulant, with highest level in TEE-associated IVIGs. Since the NAPTT unambiguously identified FXIa procoagulant activity in IVIGs, its implementation as a release test would improve the safety of IVIGs.
Earp: principled storage, sharing, and protection for mobile apps (2016)

Modern mobile apps need to store and share structured data, but the coarse-grained access-control mechanisms in existing mobile operating systems are inadequate to help apps express and enforce their protection requirements.

We design, implement, and evaluate a prototype of Earp, a new mobile platform that uses the relational model as the unified OS-level abstraction for both storage and inter-app services. Earp provides apps with structure-aware, OS-enforced access control, bringing order and protection to the Wild West of mobile data management.
Micro- and Nanopatterning Polymers (1998)

Dense, periodic arrays of holes and troughs have been fabricated in silicon, silicon nitride, and germanium, at a length scale inaccessible by conventional lithographic techniques. The holes are approximately 20 nanometers (nm) wide, 20 nm deep, spaced 40 nm apart, and uniformly patterned with 3X1012 holes on a three inch silicon wafer. To access this length scale, self-assembling resists were synthesized to produce either a layer of hexagonally ordered polyisoprene (PI) spheres or polybutadiene (PB) cylinders in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. The PI spheres or PB cylinders were then chemically modified by either degradation or stained with metal compounds to produce a useful mask for pattern transfer by fluorinebased reactive ion etching (RIE). A mask of spherical microdomains was used to fabricate a lattice of holes or posts and a mask of cylindrical voids was used to produce parallel troughs. This technique accesses a length scale difficult to produce by conventional lithography and opens a route for the patterning of surfaces via self-assembly.
Quantifying genotypic and environmental factors affecting potato canopy growth (2019)

There is a high degree of variation in potato yield which may contribute to the current UK yield plateau. There is a strong correlation between light intercepted, total biomass produced and biomass partitioned to the tubers as yield. Variation in potato canopy growth can be analysed using non-destructive measurements and the size of the canopy determines radiation interception. Proportion of soil covered by green leaves (percentage of ground covered, GC) is a simple proxy for light intercepted. Two empirical models were compared for ability to summarize GC throughout the growing season. Both models showed a similar ability to describe GC, but differed in output and ease of interpretation, so the simpler, more descriptive model was selected for use in further canopy quantification. The effects of planting date, nitrogen rate, cultivar and stem density were examined in two multi-year experiments. Planting date had a strong effect on early growth, though subsequent growth was less sensitive to temperature. Leaf production and canopy duration varied with cultivar determinacy. Cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer rate determined the potential for branch and branch leaf production (and therefore canopy longevity), altering distribution of leaf area index (LAI) within the canopy, but duration of growth was determined by planting date, which when delayed, shortened the season. The effects of stem density were most noticeable early in the season when higher stem density resulted in faster canopy expansion and earlier canopy closure. Branch production was reduced at high stem densities, but total LAI varied little. Canopy quantification was also used to analyse historical data and across 20 cultivars, decreasing duration of early canopy expansion was the only universal response to increasing stem density. By quantifying the growth and maintenance of experimental and commercial crop canopies, causes of variation in light interception and subsequent yield can be identified. ‘Best agronomic practice’ can then be identified, enabling targeted changes to reduce the variability in yields and improve resource use efficiency. Additionally, this greater understanding of canopy development will refine existing potato yield models, enabling more specific and more accurate predictions. Future yield models should include stem density to better predict early season canopy growth and cultivar determinacy to predict interactions between canopy production and season length.
Interaction of Wnt-1 proteins with the binding protein BiP. (1992)

The mouse Wnt-1 gene, a target for insertional activation in mouse mammary tumor virus-induced mammary tumors, encodes poorly secreted, cysteine-rich glycoproteins required for proper central nervous system development. We have been analyzing the biosynthesis of Wnt-1 proteins in several cell lines that express Wnt-1 cDNA from heterologous promoters. A protein of 78 kDa was found to be associated with the intracellular forms of Wnt-1 proteins in mammalian and avian cells by using multiple antisera against Wnt-1 proteins. We have identified p78 as the binding protein BiP with anti-BiP antisera and by its release from Wnt-1 immunoprecipitates upon incubation with MgCl2 and ATP. Experiments with a Wnt-1 mutant that lacks the sequence encoding the signal peptide indicates that Wnt-1 proteins must enter the secretory pathway in order to interact with BiP. We demonstrate that Wnt-1 proteins are associated with BiP in cells in which active Wnt-1 proteins are produced, such as a cultured mammary epithelial cell line and Wnt-1 transgenic mouse mammary tumor cells. The association of Wnt-1 proteins with BiP may be a factor in determining the efficiency of secretion of Wnt-1 gene products.
Influence of feeding graded levels of canned sardines on the inflammatory markers and tissue fatty acid composition of Wistar rats (2014)

Canned sardines are a ready-to-use fish product with excellent nutritional properties owing to its high n-3 long-chain PUFA content, mainly EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The present study aimed to assess the effect of two dosages of canned sardines, recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of human CVD, on the inflammatory marker concentrations and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain) in the rat model. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 11 % (w/w) of canned sardines (low-sardine (LS) diet) and a diet containing 22 % (w/w) of canned sardines (high-sardine (HS) diet) for 10 weeks. Daily food intake, weight gain, and organ and final body weights were not affected by the dietary treatments. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in both the LS and HS groups, while those of alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin increased. The concentrations of IL-1β increased only with the highest dosage of sardine. The dose-dependent influence of the graded levels of EPA+DHA was tissue specific. Compared with that of other tissues and erythrocytes, the fatty acid composition of the brain was less affected by the canned sardine-supplemented diets. In contrast, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was highly responsive. The deposition ratios of EPA and DHA indicated that the LS diet was optimal for DHA deposition across the tissues, except in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Taken together, our findings indicate that a LS diet positively affects plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory mediators, whereas a HS diet has contradictory effects on IL-1β, which, in turn, is not associated with variations in the concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding requires further investigation and pathophysiological understanding.