gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three months of combination therapy with nano‐curcumin reduces the inflammation and lipoprotein (a) in type 2 diabetic patients with mild to moderate coronary artery disease: Evidence of a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (2022)

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) and lipid metabolism disruption (lipoprotein A, LipoPr (a)) play a critical role in developing and progressing atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome in diabetic patients. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin have been emphasized previously. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of nano-curcumin on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with mild to moderate coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with type 2 diabetic patients (n = 64), and mild to moderate CAD (<70% stenosis in angiography). The patients received nano-curcumin (80 mg/day) or placebo along with optimal medications for 90 days. The biofactors, including hs-CRP and LipoPr (a), and lipid profile, were measured at the admission of patients and end of the study. Nano-curcumin significantly mitigated the hs-CRP and LipoPr (a) levels following 90 days of treatment (P < 0.001 and P = 0.043, respectively). In addition, the mean percentage of change (%Δ) in the hs-CRP and LipoPr (a) levels were meaningfully reduced in the nano-curcumin group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Surprisingly, nano-curcumin notably propagated the number of patients with mild (34.35%) and moderate (62.5%) hs-CRP level category and strikingly diminished the number of patients with severe hs-CRP level category (3.125%) compared to the placebo group (P = 0.016). Nano-curcumin (80 mg/day) might prevent atherosclerosis progression and, in terms of attenuating hs-CRP levels as an inflammation index, succedent cardiovascular events in diabetic heart patients.
Feasibility of Using a Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System to Diagnose Type 2 Diabetes (2022)

<b><i>Context:</i></b> Plasma glucose or A1C criteria can be used to establish the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We examined whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from a single 10-day wear period could form the basis of an alternative diagnostic test for T2D. <b><i>Design:</i></b> We developed a binary classification diagnostic CGM (dCGM) algorithm using a dataset of 716 individual CGM sensor sessions from 563 participants with associated A1C measurements from seven clinical trials. Data from 470 participants were used for training and 93 participants for testing (49 normoglycemic [A1C <5.7%], 27 prediabetes, and 17 T2D [A1C ≥6.5%] not using pharmacotherapy). dCGM performance was evaluated against the accompanying A1C measurement, which was assumed to provide the correct diagnosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The dCGM algorithm's overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 71%, 93%, 71%, and 93%, respectively. At other clinically relevant A1C thresholds, dCGM specificity among normoglycemic participants was 98% (48/49 correctly classified), and for participants with suboptimally controlled diabetes (A1C ≥7%, above the American Diabetes Association recommended A1C goal) the sensitivity was 100% (8/8 participants correctly diagnosed with T2D). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Classifications based on the dCGM algorithm were in good agreement with traditional methods based on A1C. The dCGM algorithm may provide an alternative method for screening and diagnosing T2D, and warrants further investigation.
Vitamin D-Mangel: Ein globales Gesundheitsproblem / Vitamin D deficiency: a global health problem (2008)

Zusammenfassung Ein Vitamin D-Mangel findet sich bei ungefähr der Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung, was hauptsächlich auf eine reduzierte Sonnenexposition (Ultraviolett-B Einstrahlung) der Haut zurückzuführen ist, welche für die Vitamin D-Produktion erforderlich ist. Die orale Aufnahme von Vitamin D ist generell zu gering, um einen ausreichenden Vitamin D-Status aufrecht zu halten. In den letzten Jahren wurde gezeigt, dass die meisten Zellen und Gewebe des Körpers den Vitamin D-Rezeptor exprimieren, was die Hypothese unterstützt, dass Vitamin D über seine Bedeutung für die Gesundheit des Knochen- und Skelettsystems hinaus ein breites Wirkungsspektrum in diversen Organen hat. Epidemiologische Daten zeigen, dass niedrige 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Konzentrationen, die als bester Indikator des Vitamin D-Status angesehen werden, in Beziehung zu zahlreichen Erkrankungen, u.a. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, malignen oder Autoimmunerkrankungen stehen, wobei die Kausalität dieser Zusammenhänge noch bewiesen werden muss. Interventionsstudien sind daher für den Nachweis erforderlich, ob die Vitamin D-Supplementierung einen Effekt für die Prävention und/oder Behandlung diverser chronischer Erkrankungen hat. Vitamin D-Supplementierung hat ein großes Potential für die Verbesserung des Gesundheitsstatus der Bevölkerung, da die Prävalenz des Vitamin D-Mangels sehr hoch ist und eine entsprechende Supplementierung einfach, preiswert und nebenwirkungsarm durchgeführt werden kann.
Titelbild: Mild and Homogeneous Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CC, CO, and CN Bonds (Angew. Chem. 48/2012) (2012)

Der Einsatz von Cobalt …︁ anstelle von Edelmetallen in der Katalyse ist eine Variation des alten alchemistischen Traums, einfache Metalle in Edelmetalle zu verwandeln. In der Zuschrift auf S. 12268 ff. beschreiben S. K. Hanson et al. die cobaltkatalysierte Hydrierung von Alkenen, Aldehyden, Ketonen und Iminen unter milden Bedingungen. Der Präkatalysator ist ein kationischer Cobalt(II)-Alkyl-Komplex. (Bildgestaltung: Josh Smith, Los Alamos National Laboratory.)
The relationship between high-density lipoprotein, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and tumour necrosis factor-α in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (2009)

Introduction: We attempted to assess the relationship between serum lipoproteins and plasma concentrations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble TNF receptor 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 and 2) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It has been shown that lipoproteins are able to act as endotoxin-binding proteins, thereby diminishing its bioactivity to induce inflammatory cytokine release. Material and methods: Endotoxin, cytokines and lipoproteins were measured in 25 CHF patients (age 68±2 years) and 10 healthy controls (age 60±6, all mean ±SE). CHF patients were divided in oedematous (n=10) and non-oedematous (n=15) according to standard criteria. Interrelationships between endotoxin, cytokines and lipoproteins were analyzed. Results: Oedematous patients had the highest endotoxin (P<0.05), TNF-α (P<0.001), sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 (both P<0.0001, all ANOVA), and lowest HDL (P<0.05, ANOVA). Amongst patients, HDL correlated with TNF-α (r=-0.60, P=0.002) and endotoxin (r=-0.50, P=0.01). The endotoxin/HDL ratio, indicating biologically active LPS, was highest in oedematous patients (P=0.005, ANOVA) and strongly related to TNF-α plasma concentrations (r=0.87, P<0.0001), independently of NYHA class (P<0.01), creatinine clearance (P=0.05), hepatic function, and age. Conclusions: The degree of immune activation in oedematous CHF patients is related to endotoxaemia and inversely to serum HDL, suggesting an underlying relationship. This clinical observation supports previous experimental data and observational studies; hence further studies should explore its potential therapeutic use.
Iron(II) Formate [Fe(O2CH)2]·1/3HCO2H: A Mesoporous Magnet − Solvothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Isomorphous Framework Metal(II) Formates [M(O2CH)2]·n(Solvent) (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg) (2005)

Abstract Recrystallisation of iron( II ) formate dihydrate from formic acid under solvothermal conditions results in single‐crystals of the iron( II ) formate, α‐Fe(O 2 CH) 2 ·1/3HCO 2 H. The crystal structure of this phase has been determined by X‐ray diffraction and reveals an open framework structure with formic acid molecules occupying channels in the lattice which is stable even after removal of the solvent molecules. Magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer measurements show that the compound undergoes 3D magnetic ordering below T C = 16 K. α‐Fe(O 2 CH) 2 ·1/3HCO 2 H and the corresponding magnesium, cobalt, nickel and zinc formates form an isomorphous series. In contrast to the iron compound, the magnetic behaviour of the cobalt analogue is dominated by antiferromagnetic interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Exploiting early time scattering response using fractional Fourier transform (2003)

A new technique is presented for extracting the parameters of the damped sinusoids and the early time impulse-like responses from the time domain transient response data. Most of the previous techniques use late time signals only but in this study both early time impulse-like components and late time damped sinusoids are treated together. Early time responses have impulse-like components and this makes it hard to analyze the complete signal. In this study, Gaussian pulses have been used to describe the early time portion of the transient data and damped sinusoids are used for late time part. A Fractional Fourier Transform, specifically the Half Fourier Transform, is used to separate pulse like components from damped exponentials. Initial guesses for the complex exponentials are calculated using the Matrix Pencil method. It is shown that the Half Fourier Transform is very effective when the transient response from a target has impulse-like components, because the contribution of the shifted impulse and that of a damped sinusoid are very similar in the Half Fourier Transform domain. Thus, it is better to discriminate both components in the Half Fourier Transform domain than in the ordinary Fourier Transform domain. The Fractional Fourier Transforms of causal signals are derived and used to represent the signals that are encountered in real life. A nonlinear curve-fitting scheme in the least-squares sense is adopted to search for the optimum parameters. The algorithm is a subspace trust region method and is based on the interior-eflective Newton method. Several examples are tested to verify the proposed technique. Results show that extracted poles coincide well with analytic results even for a noise contaminated scattered field. Thus if we have moderately high signal to noise ratio (for example, signal to noise ratio (SNR) is greater than 30 dB), it is possible to obtain several dominant complex resonant frequencies for a real target.
ANTIMETABOLITES PRODUCED BY MICROORGANISMS. III 2-AMINOPURINE-6-THIOL (THIOGUANINE) (1971)

In the course of investigations into antimetabolites produced by microorganisms,1'2) we detected a substance in the fermentation broth of an unidentified pseudomonad* that inhibited the growth of Escherichia colt in a minimal agar medium3). This inhibition did not occur when either adenine or guanine was present in the assay medium. Antimetabolite production was carried out in a medium containing (in g/liter) : glucose, 10 ; yeast extract(Difco), 2 ; asparagine, 0.5 ;
Data from High Numbers of Differentiated Effector CD4 T Cells Are Found in Patients with Cancer and Correlate with Clinical Response after Neoadjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells influence tumor immunity in complex ways that are not fully understood. In this study, we characterized a population of human differentiated effector CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells that is defined by low levels of the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors (CD25&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD127&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;). We found that this cell population expands in patients with various types of cancer, including breast cancer, to represent 2% to 20% of total CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; blood T lymphocytes as compared with only 0.2% to 2% in healthy individuals. Notably, these CD25&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD127&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD4 T cells expressed effector markers such as CD244 and CD11b with low levels of CD27, contrasting with the memory phenotype dominating this population in healthy individuals. These cells did not cycle in patients, nor did they secrete IL-10 or IL-17, but instead displayed cytotoxic features. Moreover, they encompassed oligoclonal expansions paralleling an expansion of effector CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells that included tumor antigen–specific T cells. During neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, we found that the increase in CD25&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD127&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells correlated with tumor regression. This observation suggested that CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells included tumor antigen–specific cells, which may be generated by or participate in tumor regressions during chemotherapy. In summary, our results lend support to the hypothesis that CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells are involved in human antitumor responses. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(8); 2204–16. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Disorders of Substance Abuse and Dependence (2007)

Drug addiction continues to exact enormous human and financial costs on society, at a time when available treatments remain inadequately effective for most people. Given that advances in treating other medical disorders have resulted directly from research of the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of the disease process, an improved understanding of the basic neurobiol-ogy of addiction should likewise translate into more efficacious treatments. This chapter reviews our knowledge of circuits in the brain that mediate addiction and the changes in these circuits, induced by drugs of abuse at the molecular level, which represent the pathophysiology of addiction.
Model Predictive Control with a Reference Prediction on Time-delayed Systems (2006)

Model predictive control is an effective method for systems with time-delay. In this paper, we present a new idea of predicting the reference in the future by its past behavior. Simulation results show the advantage of the new method. Whereas the method is limited when tracking a fast-varying signal, a switching control helps to compensate for the loss of retarded response of the system. The method is good for many applications with time delay.
Quercetin-Embedded Gelastin Injectable Hydrogel as Provisional Biotemplate for Future Cutaneous Application: Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation (2022)

Chronic wounds have become an epidemic in millions of patients and result in amputations. In order to overcome this, immediate treatment is a realistic strategy to minimize the risk of complications and aid in the healing rate of the cutaneous wound. Functionalized engineered biomaterials are proven to be a potential approach to embarking on skin wound management. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a quercetin-embedded gelatin−elastin (Gelastin) injectable hydrogel to act as a provisional biotemplate with excellent physicochemical properties, to be utilized for future cutaneous application. Briefly, the hydrogel was homogenously pre-mixed with genipin (GNP), followed by the incorporation of quercetin (QC). The physicochemical properties comprised the contact angle, swelling ratio, crosslinking degree, enzymatic biodegradation, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), as well as chemical characterization. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), XRD, and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyses were conducted. Briefly, the findings demonstrated that the crosslinked hybrid biomatrix demonstrated better resilience at >100%, a contact angle of >20°, a swelling ratio average of 500 ± 10%, a degradation rate of <0.05 mg/hour, and a successful crosslinking degree (<70%free amine group), compared to the non-crosslinked hybrid biomatrix. In addition, the WVTR was >1500 g/m2 h, an optimal moisture content designed to attain regular cell function and proliferation. The outcomes convey that Gelastin-QC hydrogels deliver the optimum features to be used as a provisional biotemplate for skin tissue engineering purposes.
[Effect of passive smoking on bronchial reactivity in school children]. (1989)

Passive smoking on the part of children leads to an increase in the incidence of upper airway infections in early childhood, an elevated incidence of childhood asthma, and an aggravation of existing asthma. We investigated the bronchial reactivity of 80 healthy, symptom-free schoolchildren, 44 from smoking families (SF), 36 from non-smoking families (NF), employing treadmill exercise during which the subjects inhaled cooled air (-2 degrees C), and compared the results obtained with those found in a group of 27 children with asthma (A). A positive bronchial reaction (50 per cent Raw increase following exercise on the treadmill) was observed significantly more frequently in the SF group than in the NF group (22 out of 44 children as compared with 10 out of 36 children, p less than 0.05); both groups differed significantly from the group of asthmatics (21 out of 27 children). It is concluded that bronchial hyperreactivity occurs more frequently in clinically healthy, passively smoking children as compared with a control group.
Ultrashort T relaxometry for quantitation of highly concentrated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle labeled cells (2009)

A new method was developed to measure ultrashort T(2)* relaxation in tissues containing a focal area of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells in which the T(2)* decay is too short to be accurately measured using regular gradient echo T(2)* mapping. The proposed method utilizes the relatively long T(2) relaxation of SPIO-labeled cells and acquires a series of spin echo images with the readout echo shifted to sample the T(2)* decay curve. MRI experiments in phantoms and rats with SPIO-labeled tumors demonstrated that it can detect ultrashort T(2)* down to 1 ms or less. The measured T(2)* values were about 10% higher than those from the ultrashort TE (UTE) technique. The shorter the TE, the less the measurements deviated from the UTE T(2)* mapping. Combined with the regular T(2)* mapping, this technique is expected to provide quantitation of highly concentrated iron-labeled cells from direct cell transplantation.
A Bayesian Approach-Based Outage Prediction in Electric Utility Systems Using Radar Measurement Data (2017)

Severe weather events such as strong thunderstorms are some of the most significant and frequent threats to the electrical grid infrastructure. Outages resulting from storms can be very costly. While some tools are available to utilities to predict storm occurrences and damage, they are typically very crude and provide little means of facilitating restoration efforts. This paper developed a methodology to use historical high-resolution (both temporal and spatial) radar observations of storm characteristics and outage information to develop weather condition dependent failure rate models for different grid components. Such models can provide an estimation or prediction of the outage numbers in small areas of a utility's service territory once the real-time measurement or forecasted data of weather conditions become available as the input to the models. Considering the potential value provided by real-time outages reported, a Bayesian outage prediction algorithm is proposed to account for both strength and uncertainties of the reported outages and failure rate models. The potential benefit of this outage prediction scheme is illustrated in this paper.
THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF HLA DETERMINED AT THE STRUCTURAL AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL LEVEL PREDICTS THE OCCURRENCE AND MAGNITUDE OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ALLOANTIGEN AND CORRELATES WITH OUTCOME FOLLOWING DECEASED DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (2010)

Kosmoliaptsis, V.; Sharples, L.; Chaudhry, A. N.; Johnson, R. J.; Fuggle, S. V.; Dafforn, T. R.; Halsall, D. J.; Bradley, J. A.; Taylor, C. J. Author Information
Electrical Capacitance Tomography − A Perspective (2008)

This article describes the recent progress in research and development on electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Specifically, the article highlights several aspects of ECT including the electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT), 3D sensor design, 3D neural network multicriterion image reconstruction technique (3D-NN-MOIRT), multimodal imaging based on ECT and ECVT sensors, static-charge effects and the scheme of their elimination in the ECT image reconstruction, and multiphase flow imaging applications. The multimodal capability that enables permittivity and conductivity imaging to be simultaneously conducted is illustrated. The simulation and experimental results are presented to provide quantitative and/or qualitative assessment of the significance of various ECT techniques. The employment of ECVT in conjunction with using electrical capacitance based imaging sensors is shown to represent a favorable tool for industrial multiphase flow imaging.
Combined Meropenem and Linezolid as a Systemic Treatment for Postoperative Endophthalmitis (2010)

In spite of the reported better penetration through the blood-ocular barrier and the broader antibacterial spectrum of meropenem and linezolid, no benefit in outcome was found in the present study. In contrast, adverse effects and costs of the combination regimen were significantly higher.
Axial centrifugal filtration &#x2014; A novel approach for rapid bacterial concentration from a large volume (2013)

A novel approach for filtration on a centrifugal microfluidic platform is presented for the first time. This approach is intended to concentrate bacteria from a large volume. In axial centrifugal filtration the filter is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This feature allows for integration of dead-end filtration while the filter cake is continuously removed from the filter by centrifugation. This prevents clogging of the filter. Furthermore, a continuous sample feed enables processing of large samples on one disk. Especially for analyzing drinking water large volumes have to be processed and solutions for rapid bacterial concentration are highly appreciated.
Brain stem reticular influences on lumbar axial muscle activity. I. Effective sites (1984)

Lumbar axial muscle responses to electrical stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation were used to characterize reticular influences on these muscles. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the transversospinalis, medial longissimus, and lateral longissimus systems in the urethan-anesthetized rat. Ipsilateral stimulation of the pontomedullary reticular formation evoked excitatory responses in these muscles. Trains of pulses were required, but currents as low as 15 microA were effective. Contralateral reticular stimulation with currents similar to those that elicited activation during ipsilateral stimulation at the same brain stem levels could inhibit lumbar electromyographic activity. The results suggest that the motoneurons innervating the lumbar axial musculature in the rat receive strong reticulospinal influences that could be important for postural maintenance and the expression of certain behaviors.