gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and motion control of a two pendulums driven spherical robot (2010)

This paper deals with the dynamics and motion control of a spherical robot designed for reconnaissance and unstructured hostile environment exploration. The robot in this paper has three DOFs and two inputs, of which the nature is a nonlinear and underactuated system with nonholonomic dynamic constraints. The improved construction of two pendulums offers novel motion principle of spherical robot, which is moving simultaneously actuated by both eccentric moment and inertial moment generated by the two pendulums. Meanwhile the mobility is enhanced when the robot behaves dynamically. The emphasis is placed on the linear motion and turning in place motion control. The dynamic model of linear motion is formulated on the basis of Lagrange equation, and a smooth trajectory planning method is proposed for linear motion. A feedback controller is constructed to ensure the accurate trajectory planning. Turning in place motion is an indispensable element of omni directional locomotion which can enhance the mobility of spherical robots. The dynamic model of turning in place motion is derived on the theory of moment of momentum, and a stick-slip principle is analyzed. The two motion control methods are validated by both simulations and prototype experiments.
Functional effect of chronic ischemia on the rabbit urinary bladder (1988)

Abstract The functional effect of partial ischemia of the rabbit urinary bladder was studied. Unilateral ischemia was created by ligation of one of the two vesical arteries that supply the rabbit bladder. The effect of 1‐day, 1‐, 2‐, and 4‐week chronic unilateral ischemia on in vivo and in vitro cystometry, and the functional response of the in vitro whole bladder model to field stimulation and bethanechol were determined. Within 1 day following the creation of unilateral ischemia, the bladder became hyperreflexic with decreased compliance. This condition was observed in the 1‐ and 2‐week groups. By 4 weeks, the hyperreflexia had decreased, and the compliance increased significantly. Peak pressure generation for in vitro whole bladder in response to field and bethanechol (500 μm) stimulation was maintained the same as control for all groups. However, the ability of the bladder to empty was diminished to about 50% of control values in the 1‐day, 1‐week, and 2‐week groups. The ability to empty recovered to a significant degree by 4 weeks for both field stimulation and bethanechol. Our results show that the bladder function cannot be judged by pressure generation alone; a study of compliance and the ability to empty should be performed to give a true indication of the functional state of the bladder.
Vibrio cholerae expresses iron-regulated outer membrane proteins in vivo (1983)

A comparison was made, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of the outer membrane proteins of four strains of Vibrio cholerae grown in vivo in infant rabbits and in vitro in low-iron and iron-supplemented defined media. In vivo-grown V. cholerae expressed novel outer membrane-associated proteins which, in part, were similar to those observed on V. cholerae grown in vitro under conditions of iron deprivation.
Review on reactive power compensation of electric vehicle charging piles (2019)

In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) as a new energy vehicle develops rapidly, and the number of charging piles is also increasing. When a large amount of nonlinear inductive load is connected to the power grid, it will consume a large amount of reactive power and affect the power quality and balance. Aiming at these problems, a Static Var Generator (SVG) with cascaded H-bridge is proposed as the reactive power compensation device of charging pile, which can effectively improve the power quality of power grid.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of LEADS-FRAG: A Benchmark Data Set for Assessment of Fragment Docking Performance. (2021)

Fragment-based drug design is a popular approach in drug discovery, which makes use of computational methods such as molecular docking. To assess fragment placement performance of molecular docking programs, we constructed LEADS-FRAG, a benchmark data set containing 93 high-quality protein-fragment complexes that were selected from the Protein Data Bank using a rational and unbiased process. The data set contains fully prepared protein and fragment structures and is publicly available. Moreover, we used LEADS-FRAG for evaluating the small-molecule docking programs AutoDock, AutoDock Vina, FlexX, and GOLD for their fragment docking performance. GOLD in combination with the scoring function ChemPLP and AutoDock Vina performed best and generated near-native conformations (root mean square deviation < 1.5 Å) for more than 50% of the data set considering the top-ranked docking pose. Taking into account all docking poses, the tested programs generated near-native conformations for up to 86% of the fragments in LEADS-FRAG. By rescoring all docking poses with the GOLD scoring functions and the Protein-Ligand Informatics force field, the number of near-native conformations increased up to 40% with respect to the top-rescored poses. Our results show that conventional small-molecule docking programs achieve a satisfactory fragment docking performance when utilizing rescoring. PMID: 33289563
Frontal hypoperfusion in depressed patients with dementia of Alzheimer type demonstrated on 3DSRT (2010)

Hypoperfusion in the left frontal cortex contributes to the expression of depressive symptoms in patients with DAT.
Resizable, scalable, concurrent hash tables via relativistic programming (2011)

This paper presents a novel concurrent hash table implementation which supports wait-free, near-linearly scalable lookup, even in the presence of concurrent modifications. In particular, this hash table implementation supports concurrent moves of hash table elements between buckets, for purposes such as renames or resizes. Implementation of this algorithm in the Linux kernel demonstrates its performance and scalability. Benchmarks on a 64way POWER system showed a 6x scalability improvement versus fine-grained locking, and a 1.5x improvement versus the current state of the art in Linux. To achieve these scalability improvements, the hash table implementation uses a new concurrent programming technique known as relativistic programming. This approach uses a copy-based update strategy to allow readers and writers to run concurrently without conflicts, avoiding many of the non-scalable costs of synchronization, inter-processor communication, and cache coherence. New techniques such as the proposed hash-table move algorithm allow readers to tolerate the resulting weak memory-ordering behavior that arises from allowing one version of a structure to be read concurrently with updates to a different version of the same structure. Relativistic programming techniques provide performance and scalability advantages over traditional synchronization, as demonstrated through several benchmarks. 1.
Studies on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Ectomycorrhizae (1974)

Abstract Concentrations of free and bound amino acids were determined in 1) the mycorrhizal fungus Boletus variegatus Fr. 2) nonmycorrhizal root systems of aseptically grown Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings, and 3) mycorrhizal root systems of seedlings developed aseptically using the two symbionts. Arginine (total) was the major amino acid constituent in the mycelium of B. variegatus (18%–22%) during the exponential phase of growth. While 59%–86% of the available arginine was bound during the acceleration phase of growth, in the logarithmic phase 63%–75% was in the free pool. There were differences in the proportions between the individual amino acids in the bound fraction at different stages of growth suggesting production of diverse proteins. Twenty per cent of the amino acid content of uninfected P. sylvestris root systems was arginine. Infection of the root systems by the fungal symbiont did not result in an increase but a slight decrease in the free arginine content of the composite structure. Almost all other amino acids in the free pool were found in higher concentrations in the mycorrhizal root system. It is suggested that arginine synthesis in B. variegatus is repressed by the arginine available in the host. The mycorrhizal fungus possibly metabolizes the host arginine pool ultimately resulting in more efficient protein synthesis in both the partners.
Tau Fibril Formation in Cultured Cells Compatible with a Mouse Model of Tauopathy (2018)

Neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are primarily neuropathological features of a number of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed tauopathy. To understand the mechanisms underlying the cause of tauopathy, precise cellular and animal models are required. Recent data suggest that the transient introduction of exogenous tau can accelerate the development of tauopathy in the brains of non-transgenic and transgenic mice expressing wild-type human tau. However, the transmission mechanism leading to tauopathy is not fully understood. In this study, we developed cultured-cell models of tauopathy representing a human tauopathy. Neuro2a (N2a) cells containing propagative tau filaments were generated by introducing purified tau fibrils. These cell lines expressed full-length (2N4R) human tau and the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused repeat domain of tau with P301L mutation. Immunocytochemistry and super-resolution microscopic imaging revealed that tau inclusions exhibited filamentous morphology and were composed of both full-length and repeat domain fragment tau. Live-cell imaging analysis revealed that filamentous tau inclusions are transmitted to daughter cells, resulting in yeast-prion-like propagation. By a standard method of tau preparation, both full-length tau and repeat domain fragments were recovered in sarkosyl insoluble fraction. Hyperphosphorylation of full-length tau was confirmed by the immunoreactivity of phospho-Tau antibodies and mobility shifts by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These properties were similar to the biochemical features of P301L mutated human tau in a mouse model of tauopathy. In addition, filamentous tau aggregates in cells barely co-localized with ubiquitins, suggesting that most tau aggregates were excluded from protein degradation systems, and thus propagated to daughter cells. The present cellular model of tauopathy will provide an advantage for dissecting the mechanisms of tau aggregation and degradation and be a powerful tool for drug screening to prevent tauopathy.
Теорема Харди-Литтлвуда для кратных рядов Фурье с монотонными коэффициентами (2016)

Как было доказано ранее, для кратных рядов Фурье с коэффициентами, монотонными по каждому индексу, классическая теорема Харди-Литтлвуда неверна при $p\leqslant 2m/(m+1)$, где $m$ - размерность пространства. В статье устанавливается, каким образом следует модифицировать теорему в этом случае. Библиография: 12 названий.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Composite Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (2008)

A new proton exchange membrane (PEM) has been fabricated using a novel patented polymer structure modification technology. It has been shown that the new membrane has a higher proton transfer rate and lower resistance as compared to Nafion®. This paper discusses issues related to membrane fabrication and testing procedures. (i) A brief fabrication procedure of PEM is outlined. The fabrication technique used here separates the proton exchange and structural requirements of the PEM allowing greater flexibility in membrane design. The proton exchange material developed herein is a terpolymer composed of various ratios of acrylic acid, styrene, and vinylsulfonic acid. Following a patented polymer structure modification technology, these materials were bound to an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer mesh that had been rendered adhesive by hydroxylation in a two-step water-borne process. (ii) A previously developed theoretical model is used to calculate the relative resistance and proton transfer rate. According to the model, a simple second order differential equation describes the entire process and established a relationship between the membrane resistance and the total time taken for a specific amount of protons to pass through it. Finally, (iii) a simple two-cell experimental procedure is developed to calculate the relative membrane resistance and proton transfer capacity. The results show that theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. The new membrane could transfer protons approximately 80% faster than Nafion® per unit area under the test conditions utilized. Membrane resistance is also 71% lower compared to Nafion®. These results suggest that there is now a new route of fabricating cost effective proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications wherein one may focus more on the proton exchange capacity of the membrane allowing the structural properties of the membrane to be considered separately.
Copolymerization of ethylene and ?-olefins with combined metallocene catalysts. III. Production of polyolefins with controlled microstructures (2000)

The distributions of the molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition of polyolefins can be controlled by the combination of two or more metallocenes from the knowledge of the behavior of each individual metallocene. Polyolefins with bimodal MWDs and a higher comonomer content in high molecular weight chains have physical properties suitable for advanced applications such as pipes for gas and water distributions. With conventional Ziegler–Natta catalysts, this type of polymer resin is produced only by tandem reactor technology in which two or more polymerization reactors are used in series. With combined metallocene catalysts, similar polymer resins can be produced in a single reactor. The versatility of these combined metallocene catalysts is investigated in this article. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1427–1432, 2000
Multimode Random Beamforming for Multiuser Downlink MIMO System with Limited Feedback (2008)

Multimode transmission has been studied to improve BER and outage capacity in the point-to-point system. In this paper, we consider the multimode transmission for downlink MIMO based on random beamforming(RBF) with limited feedback. We propose four heuristic mode selection and feedback policies to improve the sum rate and outage performance of downlink RBF system based on two approaches: distributed and centralized. Simulation results show that the centralized mode selection scheme with reasonable feedback amount provides waterfilling effect as well as the multiuser diversity gain, leading to the performance improvement of RBF in terms of sum rate and outage probability.
Evaluation of the Potential Amounts of Dissipated Rare Metals from WEEE in Japan (2007)

The potential amounts of dissipated rare metals (Au, Ag, B, Ba, Cr, In, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ta, Zn and Zr) in WEEE (Cathode Ray Tube TV, liquid-crystal display TV, plasma display panel TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, washing machine, microwave oven and cleaner) have been estimated. For the estimation, the number of WEEE was also estimated using the population balance model. The composition of the WEEE were examined by interviews and the measurement using energy dispersive X-ray diffractometer. The estimated amounts of the dissipation were evaluated by both the ratio of the dissipation to domestic demand and the weight amount of the dissipation by “total materials requirement” (TMR).
Actuation-Coordinated Mobile Parallel Robots With Hybrid Mobile and Manipulation Functions (2022)

Abstract Mobile robots with manipulation capability are a key technology that enables flexible robotic interactions, large area covering and remote exploration. This paper presents a novel class of actuation-coordinated mobile parallel robots (ACMPRs) that utilize parallel mechanism configurations and perform hybrid moving and manipulation functions through coordinated wheel actuators. The ACMPRs differ with existing mobile manipulators by their unique combination of the mobile wheel actuators and the parallel mechanism topology through prismatic joint connections. Common motion of the wheels will provide mobile function while their relative motion will actuate the parallel manipulation function. This new concept reduces actuation requirement and increases manipulation accuracy and mobile motion stability through coordinated and connected wheel actuators comparing with existing mobile parallel manipulators. The relative wheel location on the base frame also enables a reconfigurable base size with variable moving stability on the ground. The basic concept and general type synthesis are introduced and followed by kinematics and inverse dynamics analysis of a selected three limb ACMPR. A numerical simulation also illustrates the dynamics model and the motion property of the new mobile parallel robot (MPR) followed by a prototype-based experimental validation. The work provides a basis for introducing this new class of robots for potential applications in surveillance, industrial automation, construction, transportation, human assistance, medical applications, and other operations in extreme environment such as nuclear plants, Mars, etc.
Structural and Morphological Changes in Kraft Lignin during Hydrothermal Carbonization (2015)

In this paper we have investigated the changes in kraft lignin structure and morphology upon hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 240 °C with and without the presence of carbonization catalysts. The main conclusion of this study is that the structure of kraft lignin was altered only slightly during the hydrothermal carbonization. The main changes in the kraft lignin's structure were demethylation and dealkylation as well as cleavage of β-O-4 bonds. The final product had a more thermally stable and complex cross-linked structure. More pronounced changes occurred in the material structure and morphology upon the addition of catalysts. The energy density of the resulting materials was not significantly different from the energy density of the original kraft lignin.
Reduction of Multiple Access Interference in OCDMA Systems Using a Semiconductor Based TPA Device (2007)

The authors present a simulation model and results for a four user OCDMA system operating at an overall data rate of 4 Gb/s (4 x 1 Gb/s). The work presents the novel use of a nonlinear detector based on TPA for simultaneous thresholding and detection in an OCDMA system. The detection of the decoded optical signal is also performed using a linear (PIN) detector separately. It is demonstrated that the use of the nonlinear detector can improve the power penally associated with the transition from a single user system to a four user system by approximately 8.5 dB in comparison to the same system using a linear detector. These results are in good agreement with experimental results already taken.
Genetics of kidney development (1996)

Genetic approaches have clarified the molecular basis of many different stages of kidney development with considerable clarity. By introducing targeted mutations in mice, a number o transcription growth factors have been shown to be required for early kidney tubulogenesis. Most recently, the transcription factor Pax-2, and bone morphogenetic protein-7, a growth factor, were added to the list of factors required for the early stages of kidney tubulogenesis. Compared with the defects seen in mice lacking Pax-2 or bone morphogenic protein-7, the formation of cysts in tubules is morphologically a very mild defect. Cysts are seen in many transgenic mice with overexpression of a gene in the kidney, and in some 'knockout' mice lacking a gene. Some of these genes might be involved in human cystic diseases. However, it was recently shown that the gene affected in 85% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease encodes a novel protein, called polycystin. This protein is very large and has a sequence suggesting multiple transmembrane domains. It extracellular domains suggest that polycystin is involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
Preparation of an Arg-Glu-Asp-Val Peptide Density Gradient on Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Poly(ε-caprolactone) Film and Its Influence on the Selective Adhesion and Directional Migration of Endothelial Cells (2016)

Selective adhesion and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) over smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is very important in the rapid endothelialization of blood-contacting implants to prevent vascular restenosis. In this study, a uniform cell-resistant layer of methacrylate-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) was first immobilized on a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film via polydopamine coupling. Then, a density gradient of thiol-functionalized Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide was prepared on the HA layer via thiol-ene click chemistry and the continuous injection method. The REDV gradient selectively enhanced EC adhesion and preferential directional migration toward the region of higher REDV density, reaching 86% directionality in the middle of the gradient. The migration rate of ECs was also significantly enhanced twofold compared with that on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). In contrast, the gradient significantly weakened the adhesion of SMCs to 25% of that on TCPS but had no obvious impact on the migration rate and directionality. Successful modulation of the selective adhesion and directional migration of ECs over SMCs on biodegradable polymers serves as an important step toward practical applications for guided tissue regeneration.
Fusing shape and appearance information for object category detection (2006)

We present methods for recognizing object categories which are able to combine various feature types (e.g. image patches and edge boundaries). Our objective is to detect object instances in an image, as opposed to the easier task of image categorization. To this end, we investigate two algorithms for learning and detecting object categories which both benefit from combining features. The first uses a naive combination method for detectors each employing only one type of feature, the second learns the best features (from a pool of patches and boundaries). In experiments we achieve comparable results to the state of the art over a number of datasets, and for some categories we even achieve the lowest errors that have been reported so far. The results also show that certain object categories prefer certain feature types (e.g. boundary fragments for airplanes).
The Value of Public Goods Generated by a Major League Sports Team (2001)

This article reports an application of the contingent valuation method to measure the value of public goods generated by a professional sports team, the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. The data and analysis indicate that a major league sports team can produce widely consumed public goods such as civic pride and community spirit and that the value of those public goods may be substantial. However, in the case of the Penguins, the value of the public goods is far less than the cost of building a new arena. Although the analysis of public goods generated by other teams in other cities might lead to different results, the results of this article call into question the widespread practice of government funding of sports stadiums and arenas because it appears that the costs borne by taxpayers exceed the benefits received.