gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frictional Heating and Convective Cooling of Polycrystalline Diamond Drag Tools During Rock Cutting (1984)

Abstract A numerical-analytical model is developed to predict temperatures in stud-mounted polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drag tools during rock cutting. Experimental measurements of the convective heat-transfer coefficient for PDC cutters are used in the model to predict temperatures under typical drilling conditions with fluid flow. The analysis compares favorably with measurements of frictional temperatures in controlled cutting tests on Tennessee marble. An equation incorporating several drilling parameters is developed to predict the mean operating temperature across the cutter wearflat, defined as that portion of the cutter surface that wears against the rock formation. It is shown that mean wearflat temperatures can be maintained below a maximum safe value of 750°C [1,382°F] only under conditions of low friction at the cutter/rock interface, regardless of the level of convective cooling. The ability of liquid drilling fluids to reduce interface friction is thus shown to be far more important in preventing excessive temperatures than their ability to provide cutter cooling. Because of the relatively high interface friction developed under typical air drilling conditions, it is doubtful that temperatures can be kept subcritical at high rotary speeds in some formations when air is employed as the drilling fluid.
Machining Distortion Analysis of Aerospace Components using the Contour Method (2019)

During machining the accumulated residual bulk stresses induced by previous shape forming process steps, such as forging, casting or additive manufacturing and subsequent heat treatment will be released. This may cause undesirable geometric distortions of the final component and thereby high rejection rates and costs. This problem can be reduced by adjusting process-and design parameters. This paper presents a methodology for minimizing machining distortions. The methodology is based on a combination of procedures for prediction of machining distortions, using the Contour method and procedures for adjustment of machining distortions. Practical experiences are discussed and demonstrated using an aerospace component. The methodology should be executed in close cooperation between several actors in the value chain and best results may be achieved by combining several concepts for adjustment of machining distortions. Further research in conjunction with the Contour method, adaptive fixturing and toolpath adjustment is recommended.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release in the organelle layers of the stratified, intact egg of Xenopus laevis. (1990)

Using double-barreled, Ca2(+)-sensitive microelectrodes, we have examined the characteristics of the Ca2+ release by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) in the various layers of Xenopus laevis eggs in which the organelles had been stratified by centrifugation. Centrifugation of living eggs stratifies the organelles yet retains them in the normal cytoplasmic milieu. The local increase in intracellular free Ca2+ in each layer was directly measured under physiological conditions using theta-tubing, double-barreled, Ca2(+)-sensitive microelectrodes in which one barrel was filled with the Ca2+ sensor and the other was filled with Ins(1,4,5)P3 for microinjection. The two tips of these electrodes were very close to each other (3 microns apart) enabling us to measure the kinetics of both the highly localized intracellular Ca2+ release and its subsequent removal in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3 injection. Upon Ins(1,4,5)P3 injection, the ER-enriched layer exhibited the largest release of Ca2+ in a dosage-dependent manner, whereas the other layers, mitochondria, lipid, and yolk, released 10-fold less Ca2+ in a dosage-independent manner. The removal of released Ca2+ took place within approximately 1 min. The sensitivity to Ins(1,4,5)P3 and the time course of intracellular Ca2+ release in the unstratified (unactivated) egg is nearly identical to that observed in the ER layer of the stratified egg. Our data suggest that the ER is the major organelle of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive Ca2+ store in the egg of Xenopus laevis.
World's First Completion Set Inside Expandable Screen (2004)

Abstract This paper will discuss the utilization and flexibility of expandable screens in open hole environments. It will provide a case history of a significant "World's First" where a completion was set inside expandable screen. The completion provided a single selective well, where one could selectively produce different zones in the reservoir. Expandable packers provided isolation in the open hole, while a conventional completion packer provided isolation inside the expandable pipe.
Bengalese FinchesLonchura Striata DomesticaDepend upon Auditory Feedback for the Maintenance of Adult Song (1997)

Male birds of age-limited song-learning species develop their full song repertoires in the first year of life. For this type of song learner, once song is stabilized in adulthood, it is highly stereotyped and stable over time. Traditionally, it has been believed that age-limited song learners do not depend on auditory feedback for the maintenance of adult song. A recent report, however, showed that adult song in zebra finches, age-limited learners, does change after long-term deafness. We report here that another species of age-limited learner, Bengalese finches, depends critically on auditory feedback for adult song maintenance. We surgically deafened adult males and recorded song for 12 weeks after surgery. Results show that song degraded significantly within 1 week of surgery and continued to degrade over the next 11 weeks. This represents a more rapid degradation of song than has been seen previously in age-limited species. Song deficits after deafening included a marked decrease in syllable sequence stereotypy, skewed syllable distribution within song bouts, degradation of syllable phonology, and dropped, combined, and new or unrecognizable syllables. Decreased sequence stereotypy and combined syllables appeared within 1 week of deafening and did not worsen over time. Skewed syllable distributions and syllable phonology changes appeared after 1 week and did worsen. Occurrences of dropped and new syllables appeared within 1 week and increased over time. Comparison with other species indicates that much variability exists among species in the extent to which auditory feedback is necessary for song maintenance.
Linking the Eta Model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System to Build a National Air Quality Forecasting System (2005)

Abstract NOAA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have developed a national air quality forecasting (AQF) system that is based on numerical models for meteorology, emissions, and chemistry. The AQF system generates gridded model forecasts of ground-level ozone (O3) that can help air quality forecasters to predict and alert the public of the onset, severity, and duration of poor air quality conditions. Although AQF efforts have existed in metropolitan centers for many years, this AQF system provides a national numerical guidance product and the first-ever air quality forecasts for many (predominantly rural) areas of the United States. The AQF system is currently based on NCEP’s Eta Model and the EPA’s Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The AQF system, which was implemented into operations at the National Weather Service in September of 2004, currently generates twice-daily forecasts of O3 for the northeastern United States at 12-km horizontal grid spacing. Preoperational testing to support the 2003 and 2004 O3 forecast seasons showed that the AQF system provided valuable guidance that could be used in the air quality forecast process. The AQF system will be expanded over the next several years to include a nationwide domain, a capability for forecasting fine particle pollution, and a longer forecast period. State and local agencies will now issue air quality forecasts that are based, in part, on guidance from the AQF system. This note describes the process and software components used to link the Eta Model and CMAQ for the national AQF system, discusses several technical and logistical issues that were considered, and provides examples of O3 forecasts from the AQF system.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review (2019)

There are over 1,000,000 publications on diet and health and over 480,000 references on inflammation in the National Library of Medicine database. In addition, there have now been over 30,000 peer-reviewed articles published on the relationship between diet, inflammation, and health outcomes. Based on this voluminous literature, it is now recognized that low-grade, chronic systemic inflammation is associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as impaired neurodevelopment and adverse mental health outcomes. Dietary components modulate inflammatory status. In recent years, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII<sup>®</sup>), a literature-derived dietary index, was developed to characterize the inflammatory potential of habitual diet. Subsequently, a large and rapidly growing body of research investigating associations between dietary inflammatory potential, determined by the DII, and risk of a wide range of NCDs has emerged. In this narrative review, we examine the current state of the science regarding relationships between the DII and cancer, cardiometabolic, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases, neurodevelopment, and adverse mental health outcomes. We synthesize the findings from recent studies, discuss potential underlying mechanisms, and look to the future regarding novel applications of the adult and children's DII (C-DII) scores and new avenues of investigation in this field of nutritional research.
Eeffects of "Shenqing Powder" on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in ulcerative colitis rats (2011)

Objective To observe the effect of powder on hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in TNBs-induced ulcerative colitis rats.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group,model group,SASP group and Shenqing group(large,medium,small dose),ten rats in each group.The rat model of ulcerative colitis was induced by TNBs.Each group was treated with 0.9% NACL,SASP and powder respectively three days after modeling.The rats were sacrificed 1 week later.HIF-1 and VEGF mRNA were detected by Real time-PCR and immunohistochemisty.Results Compared with the normal group,the levels of HIF-1,VEGF and expression of mRNA in model group were increased significantly(P0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of HIF-1,VEGF and expression of mRNA in Shenqing groups(large,medium,small dose group) were decreased significantly(P0.01).Compared with the medium and small dosage groups,the IHC of HIF-1 in large dose group was increased significantly(P0.05).Compared with small dosage group,the IHC of VEGF in large dosage and medium dosage groups were higher,the difference is significant(P0.05);The HIF-1 and VEGF had similar effects;in mRNA,there was a difference between large dose and medium dose groups(P0.05).Conclusion powder has positive effect on ulcerative colitis of rats by decreasing the expression of HIF-1 and VEGF,improving oxygen deficit condition in intestinal tract and reparing intestinal barriers.
Effect of Ivig On Human T Cells: Interference with Activation Rather Than Suppression of Activated Cell Functions. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4738 Introduction IVIg is known to have immunosuppressive effects in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, which may be caused by modulations of T cell functions in treated patients. The mechanisms responsible for these modulations have been mostly investigated using in vitro stimulated T cells. These studies revealed that IVIg inhibited the proliferation of activated T cells possibly by interfering with the secretion of cytokines important for T cell proliferation, such as IL-2. In the present study, we sought to determine the precise mechanism by which IVIg inhibited cytokine secretion by stimulated T cells. Methods Human PBMC and Jurkat T cells were stimulated with PHA. Human T cells purified from PBMC were stimulated with CD3/CD28 T cell expander beads. Cells were cultured in presence or not of 10 mg/ml of IVIg for 24 hours. IL-2 secretion was measured in the culture supernatants by ELISA. IVIg was depleted of PHA-reactive IgG by passage on a PHA-Sepharose column. The extent of depletion was evaluated by ELISA using PHA as capture antigen. The role of F(ab')2 fragments in the inhibitory effect of IVIg on IL-2 secretion was determined using pepsin-generated fragments. Results IVIg inhibited IL-2 secretion by PHA-stimulated T cells, as previously reported. However, the use of increasing concentrations of PHA for T cell stimulation led to a decreased ability of IVIg to inhibit IL-2 production, suggesting that IVIg acted by neutralizing PHA or by competition for receptor occupancy on the cell surface. Pre-incubation of T cells with IVIg followed by washing and addition of PHA did not result in inhibition of IL-2 secretion, indicating that competition for receptor was not involved in this IVIg-mediated inhibition. In contrast, inhibition of IL-2 production by IVIg was completely abrogated using IVIg depleted from PHA-reactive IgG, indicating that IVIg-mediated inhibition of IL-2 secretion was the consequence PHA neutralization. Testing of F(ab')2 fragments of IVIg showed that these fragments bound to PHA and inhibited IL-2 secretion as efficiently as IVIg. Using another activation strategy, we showed that IVIg could also decrease IL-2 secretion by purified human T cells following anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. Preliminary data using light microscopy indicated that IVIg interfered with the binding of CD3/CD28 beads on T cells, therefore reducing cell activation as evaluated by IL-2 secretion. Conclusion Altogether, our results suggest that the inhibition of T cell responses by IVIg occurs during the cell activation step, by preventing the binding of mitogens or antibody-coated beads on the cell surface. These observations emphasize the importance of ruling out the possible interactions of IVIg with culture medium additives, mitogens or activating agents before deriving strong conclusions on the mechanisms of action of IVIg based on their apparent immunomodulatory effects observed in vitro assays. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Anion‐Induced Shuttling of a Naphthalimide Triazolium Rotaxane (2012)

The anion-templated synthesis of a rotaxane structure, incorporating the new naphthalimide triazolium motif, is described and the interlocked host shown to exhibit selective, uni-directional, anion-induced shuttling. Initial pseudorotaxane investigations demonstrate the ability of a naphthalimide triazolium threading component to form interpenetrated assemblies with counter-anion-dependent co-conformations. (1)H NMR studies reveal that the shuttling behaviour of the analogous rotaxane host system is controlled by selective anion binding and by the nature of the solvent conditions. Complete macrocycle translocation only occurs upon the recognition of the smaller halide anions (chloride and bromide). The rotaxane solid-state crystal structure in the presence of chloride is in agreement with the solution-phase co-conformation. The sensitivity of the axle naphthalimide absorbance band to the position of the macrocycle component within the interlocked structure enabled the molecular motion to be observed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the chloride-induced shuttling of the rotaxane was reversed upon silver hexafluorophosphate addition.
Design of Context-Aware Middleware in Ubiquitous Computing Environment (2005)

W These days, Ubiquitous is coming a more popular tool in mass communications and in advanced countries ubiquitous computing is commercialized. In Korea, we have studied the business models of the ubiquitous computing generation as well. Ubiquitous computing is the environment in which humans and computers coexist and properly work together. I would like to present a service infrastructure for a more efficient context-awareness than computing home networking system in this monograph. In the mean time, they have focused the context-awareness system on identifying users in the designated space and recognition. But I would like to focus on the middleware system structure for more efficient recognition.
Metal-free reductive desulfurization of C-sp3-substituted thiols using phosphite catalysis (2023)

Phosphines and phosphites are critical tools for non-metal desulfurative methodologies due to the strength of the P[double bond, length as m-dash]S bond. An overarching premise in these methods has been that stoichiometric (or excess) P(iii) reagent is required for reactivity. Despite decades of research, a desulfurative process that is catalytic in phosphine/phosphite has not been reported. Here, we report the successful merging of two thermal radical processes: the desulfurization of unactivated and activated alkyl thiols and the reduction of P(v) = S to P(iii) by reaction with a silyl radical species. We employ catalytic trimethyl phosphite, catalytic azo-bis(cyclohexyl)nitrile, and two equivalents of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as the stoichiometric reductant and sulfur atom scavenger. This method is tolerant of common organic functional groups and affords products in good to excellent yields.
Ring opening of decalin on iridium- and platinum-containing zeolite catalysts of the FAU-, MTW- and MWW-type (2011)

Polycyclic aromatics have an even higher tendency for the formation of particulates than one-ring aromatics, and they bring about various additional undesirable properties, such as poor ignition characteristics and cetane numbers, an increased propensity for soot formation and unfavorable cold-flow properties. For these reasons, the content of polycyclic aromatics in diesel fuels is limited by legislation to 8 wt.-%. Certain refinery streams, such as light cycle oil (LCO) from the FCC unit are rich in these undesired compounds and can be blended into diesel fuels only to a limited extent. A most attractive way for upgrading these refinery streams is the selective ring opening of polycyclic aromatics into alkanes, without degradation of the carbon number. The aim of this work was to identify key factors which a high-performance catalyst should have to achieve high yields of open-chain decanes in the hydroconversion of cis-decalin. In order to reach this goal, the kind of the noble metal, the metal loading and the concentration and strength of the Brønsted acid sites in the zeolite catalysts were varied. For a safe identification of the desired open-chain decanes, n-decane was isomerized in separate experiments, and the mixture of iso-decanes thereby generated was co-injected with the liquid products from decalin hydroconversion. All results suggested that a balance between the metal content and the concentration and strength of Brønsted acid sites was important and necessary. The catalysts could be divided into three categories: catalysts on which only hydrogenolysis on the metal took place; bifunctional catalysts on which the metal had only a dehydrogenation / hydrogenation function and the acid sites are responsible for the conversion of decalin and trifunctional catalysts on which mainly hydrogenolysis on the metal took place but also hints of a superimposition of bifunctional catalysis were visible. On nearly all catalysts open-chain decanes were obtained, but the best catalysts belonged to the group of trifunctional catalysts.
IDO1 Deficiency Does Not Affect Disease in Mouse Models of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (2016)

Our data demonstrate that IDO1 deficiency does not affect inflammation in sJIA, sHLH and a T cell-triggered cytokine release model. We hypothesize that other tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes like IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) might compensate for the lack of IDO1.
Impact of CFTR Modulators on Beta-Cell Function in Children and Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis (2022)

Treatment of CF patients with CFTR modulators does not significantly ameliorate glucose homeostasis and/or any of its direct determinants.
A 3-dimensional representation for fast rendering of complex scenes (1980)

Hierarchical representations of 3-dimensional objects are both time and space efficient. They typically consist of trees whose branches represent bounding volumes and whose terminal nodes represent primitive object elements (usually polygons). This paper describes a method whereby the object space is represented entirely by a hierarchical data structure consisting of bounding volumes, with no other form of representation. This homogencity allows the visible surface rendering to be performed simply and efficiently. The bounding volumes selected for this algorithm are parallelepipeds oriented to minimize their size. With this representation, any surface can be rendered since in the limit the bounding volumes make up a point representation of the object. The advantage is that the visibility calculations consist only of a search through the data structure to determine the correspondence between terminal level bounding volumes and the current pixel. For ray tracing algorithms, this means that a simplified operation will produce the point of intersection of each ray with the bounding volumes. Memory requirements are minimized by expanding or fetching the lower levels of the hierarchy only when required. Because the viewing process has a single operation and primitive type, the software or hardware chosen to implement the search can be highly optimized for very fast execution.
ProBDNF and its receptors are upregulated in glioma and inhibit the growth of glioma cells in vitro (2013)

Our data indicate that proBDNF and its receptors are upregulated in high-grade glioma and might play an inhibitory effect on glioma.
Spiranes. IV. Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, Alkenyl, Aryl, Aralkyl, and Hydrazono Azaspirane Derivatives1a (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpiranes. IV. Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, Alkenyl, Aryl, Aralkyl, and Hydrazono Azaspirane Derivatives1aCharles H. Grogan, Charles F. Geschickter, and Leonard M. RiceCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 1, 78–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00331a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00331a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts