gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of bioimpedance to thermodilution and echocardiographic measurements of cardiac function (1990)

Bioimpedance cardiography has been suggested as a noninvasive means to monitor cardiac function. However, this method has not been compared to more conventional techniques such as echocardiography. This study compared simultaneously obtained thermodilution cardiac output and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), and echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), to bioimpedance cardiac output and the maximum first derivative of the bioimpedance signal (dZ/dtmax) during positive inotropic stimulation and preload reduction. Eight pigs were instrumented with a rapid response thermistor (positioned in the pulmonary artery) and bioimpedance electrodes. Simultaneous thermodilution, echocardiographic, and bioimpedance measurements were performed at baseline and after 5, 10, and 15 min of isoproterenol infusion (0.5 microgram/kg.min). In six pigs, measurements were also performed after balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava. A significant correlation was observed between LVFS and dZ/dtmax (r = .88, n = 35) over all time points. Thermodilution and bioimpedance cardiac output were in close agreement (r = .92, n = 35). However, bioimpedance overestimated cardiac output in the very low and high output states. The mean difference between thermodilution and bioimpedance cardiac outputs was -0.02 +/- 0.37 L/min. There was a positive relationship between RVEF and dZ/dtmax (r = .54, n = 35). In summary, bioimpedance was significantly correlated with thermodilution cardiac output over a wide hemodynamic range. The peak first derivative of the bioimpedance signal dZ/dtmax may provide a noninvasive index of ventricular pump performance. Further studies are required to evaluate the diagnostic value of bioimpedance cardiography in the clinical setting.
Novel Pyrrolidines in the Venom of the Ant Monomorium indicum (1989)

New 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines found in the venom of Monomorium indicum include trans-2-butyl-5-(4-pentenyl)pyrrolidine [1], trans-2-butyl-5-(6-heptenyl)pyrrolidine [4], trans-5-(5-hexenyl)-2-(4-pentenyl)pyrrolidine [6], trans-5-(6-heptenyl)-2-(5-hexenyl)pyrrolidine [8], and trans-5-heptyl-2-hexylpyrrolidine [16], whose structures were confirmed by synthesis. The concomitance of five previously reported trans-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolidines along with small amounts of the cis isomers and N-methyl analogues makes the venom of M. indicum the most qualitatively diverse blend of alkaloids reported from an ant to date. The toxicities to termites of four of these alkaloids were determined.
Recent developments in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (1991)

• Allergic contact dermatitis is both an important clinical problem and a model system for lymphocyte-mediated pathologic changes. Elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis requires interaction of antigen with epidermal Langerhans cells, followed by migration of the Langerhans cells to the lymph nodes to present antigen to T lymphocytes. These activated T lymphocytes must then home to the antigen-exposed skin. Adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 and ICAM-1 have a role in this homing. Only a small proportion of the T lymphocytes in the skin lesion are specific for the inducing antigen. Studies of poison ivy (urushiol dermatitis) have determined this fraction to be less than one per 100 infiltrating lymphocytes. By a variety of amplification mechanisms, it is possible for this small number of antigen-specific T lymphocytes to induce the pathologic changes of allergic contact dermatitis. Improved understanding of this condition should result in increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of a variety of T lymphocyte—mediated skin conditions. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1991;127:1558-1563)
Spatiotemporal analysis of NO production upon NMDA and tetanic stimulation of the hippocampus (2005)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neuromessenger. Although increasing evidence reveals significant physiological effects of NO in the hippocampal synaptic plasticity, the spatial distribution of NO production has remained largely uncharacterized due to the poor development of techniques for real-time NO imaging. In this work, using a NO-reactive fluorescent dye, diaminorhodamine-4M (DAR-4M), time-dependent heterogeneous NO production is demonstrated in hippocampal slices upon N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulation or tetanic stimulation. NMDA-induced DAR fluorescence increase in the CA1 was found to be twice that in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG). Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was also investigated. NMDA induced similar Ca(2+) responses both in the CA1 and DG, which were approx. 13% greater than that in the CA3. Subsequently, spatial distribution of NO production in the CA1 upon a tetanic stimulation of Schaffer collateral was investigated, because there are contradictory reports on the effect of NO on long-term potentiation (LTP), and that NO is known to exert various physiological effects depending on its concentration. In the stratum radiatum (sr), DAR fluorescence increase upon tetanus was largest at the vicinity of a stimulating electrode and decreased as a function of increasing distance from the stimulating electrode, suggesting the possibility that the effect of NO in LTP is dependent on the distance between stimulating and recording electrodes. The tetanus-induced Ca(2+) response observed in the sr showed the same but weak distant dependence from the stimulating electrode. Taken together, the observed heterogeneity in the distribution of NO production is suggestive of region-specific effects of NO in the hippocampus.
Improving 3D Edge Detection for Visual Inspection of MRI Coregistration and Alignment (2022)

Abstract Detecting and visualizing edges is important in several neuroimaging and medical imaging applications. For example, it is common to use edge maps to ensure the automatic alignment of low-resolution functional MRI images to match a high-resolution structural image has been successful. Specifically, software toolboxes like FSL and AFNI generate volumetric edge maps that can be particularly useful for visually assessing the alignment of datasets, overlaying the edge map of one on the other. Therefore, edge maps play a crucial role in quality assurance. Popular methods for computing edges are based on either the first derivative of the image as in FSL, or a variation of the Canny Edge detection method as implemented in AFNI. The crucial algorithmic parameter for adjustment for each of these methods relates to the image intensity. However, image intensity is relative and can be quite variable in most neuroimaging modalities. Further, the existing approaches do not necessarily generate a closed edge/surface, which can reduce the ability to determine the correspondence between a represented edge and another image. We suggest that using the second derivative (difference of Gaussian, or DoG) of the image to generate edges resolves both these issues. This method primarily operates by specifying a spatial scale of interest (which is typically known in medical imaging) rather than a contrast scale, and creates closed surfaces by definition. We describe some convenient implementation features (for both efficiency and visual quality) developed here, and we provide open source implementations of this method as both online and high performance portable code. Finally, we include this method as part of both the AFNI and FSL software packages.
Walking Faster and Farther With a Soft Robotic Exosuit: Implications for Post-Stroke Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation (2020)

Individuals post-stroke can leverage the paretic plantarflexor and dorsiflexor assistance provided by soft robotic exosuits to achieve clinically-meaningful increases in speed and distance.
A Sex-Specific Association between a 15q25 Variant and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers (2020)

Sequence variants located at 15q25 have been associated with lung cancer and propensity to smoke. We recently reported an association between rs16969968 and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers (oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and esophagus) in women (odds ratio (OR) =1.24, P=0.003) with little effect in men (OR=1.04, P=0.35).
Active Ride Control for Construction Machines Based on Pressure Feedback (2019)

Abstract Typically, off-road construction machines are not equipped with suspensions at the wheel axles. This has led to alternative concepts that uses the working implement to mitigate the vibration transmitted to the cabin. The most common solutions are based on passive ride control (PRC) methods. A PRC usually requires a hydraulic accumulator and dissipating valves properly connected to the working hydraulics. In this way, the PRC is able to dissipate the fluid energy and damp the oscillations of the pressure inside the hydraulic actuators, with clear benefits on the machine vibration. This paper focuses instead on an active ride control (ARC) methodology, which controls the working hydraulic motion to counter-reach the machine vibrations, avoiding the use of an accumulator. The paper addresses the main challenge of designing the controller for the ARC for the reference case of a wheel loader. A high pass pressure filter control with pressure feedback is proposed for this application. The controller is first studied in a simulation model and then validated through experiments on a stock machine. The bandwidth limitation of the standard hydraulic system does not permit to achieve the same performance of a state-of-art PRC system considered as baseline. Notwithstanding, the experimental results on the proposed ARC shows significant improvements with respect to a case where no controller is used. Moreover, the proposed method could be applied with more effectiveness in hydraulic systems with higher dynamic response.
Steric interactions between two grafted polymer brushes (1997)

A lattice model and a generator-matrix method are employed to calculate the interaction force profile between two grafted polymer brushes. The correlation between neighboring bonds and the interdigitation between the two brushes are taken into account. The calculations show that the effect of incorporating the bond correlations is equivalent to an increase in the value of the polymer–solvent interaction parameter when the bond correlations are ignored. The interdigitation between the two brushes decreases the free energy of the system and consequently results in a smaller steric repulsion. A complete interdigitation occurs at a separation close to half the separation between the two plates for which the interaction force is zero. The model is compared with the experimental interaction force profiles for ten systems which involve poly(2-vinylpyridine)-polyisoprene (PVP-PI), poly(2-vinylpyridine)-polystyrene (PVP-PS) block copolymers as well as end-functionalized polystyrenes (PS-X). For most of the systems, the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experiment. In addition, the present results are compared with the equations proposed by de Gennes, based on the assumption of a step distribution function for the segment density, and by Milner et al., based on the parabolic distribution of the segment density. Both equations neglected interdigitation. It is shown in this paper that the interdigitation is not negligible and that it can decrease by an order of magnitude the repulsive force.
Trichloroethylene-induced alterations in DNA methylation were enriched in polycomb protein binding sites in effector/memory CD4+ T cells (2017)

Exposure to industrial solvent and water pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE) can promote autoimmunity, and expand effector/memory (CD62L) CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. In order to better understand etiology reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to study how a 40-week exposure to TCE in drinking water altered methylation of ∼337 770 CpG sites across the entire genome of effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from MRL+/+ mice. Regardless of TCE exposure, 62% of CpG sites in autosomal chromosomes were hypomethylated (0-15% methylation), and 25% were hypermethylated (85-100% methylation). In contrast, only 6% of the CpGs on the X chromosome were hypomethylated, and 51% had mid-range methylation levels. In terms of TCE impact, TCE altered (≥ 10%) the methylation of 233 CpG sites in effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Approximately 31.7% of these differentially methylated sites occurred in regions known to bind one or more Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, namely Ezh2, Suz12, Mtf2 or Jarid2. In comparison, only 23.3% of CpG sites not differentially methylated by TCE were found in PcG protein binding regions. Transcriptomics revealed that TCE altered the expression of ∼560 genes in the same effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. At least 80% of the immune genes altered by TCE had binding sites for PcG proteins flanking their transcription start site, or were regulated by other transcription factors that were in turn ordered by PcG proteins at their own transcription start site. Thus, PcG proteins, and the differential methylation of their binding sites, may represent a new mechanism by which TCE could alter the function of effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Activity of 2‐(Sulfonamido)methyl‐carbapenems: Discovery of a Novel, anti‐MRSA 1,8‐Naphthosultam Pharmacophore. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplemental Materials from Ultra-Sensitive Detection of the Pretreatment EGFR T790M Mutation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with an EGFR-Activating Mutation Using Droplet Digital PCR (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods, Reference and Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Film Cooling Effectiveness Due to Discrete Holes Within a Transverse Surface Slot (2002)

The goal of many turbine airfoil film cooling schemes is the achievement of a tangentially injected 2D layer of protective film over the surface. In common nomenclature, this is referred to as 2D slot film cooling, which can achieve adiabatic effectiveness levels approaching unity at the injection location. Since continuous and uninterrupted slots are not structurally feasible in the high pressure turbine components, other approximate film cooling geometries have been sought. The present study examines two film cooling geometries which are formed by the combination of internal discrete film holes feeding continuous 2D surface slots. Experiments have been performed within a flat plate wind tunnel test section, which includes an accelerating freestream condition to model the surface of a turbine airfoil. As suggested by the experiments of Wang et al. [1], a normal 2D surface slot is located transverse to the mainstream flow direction. The slot is fed by a row of discrete coolant supply holes oriented in the spanwise direction with inclination angle of 30-degrees, pitch-to-diameter ratio of 3.57, and length-to-diameter ratio of 5.7. The slot depth-to-hole diameter ratio is S/D of 3. Two such slots were tested, one with axial width-to-hole diameter ratio of 1.13, and the other with ratio of 1.5. Tests were conducted for supply hole blowing ratios of 0.75 to 4, density ratios of 1.8, and a freestream approach turbulence intensity of 4.5%. The holes-within-slot film effectiveness data are compared with both axial and radial film data, ie. S/D equal to zero, obtained in the same test section. The holes-in-slot geometries demonstrate two important characteristics, (1) a relative insensitivity of the adiabatic film effectiveness to blowing rate, and (2) no observed film blow-off at high blowing rates. In addition, a novel film cooling arrangement is demonstrated in which the surface slot is very shallow, forming a narrow trench with S/D of only 0.43. It is shown that this novel surface geometry yields the best film effectiveness of all cases tested.
Polysilicon emitters for bipolar transistors: a review and re-evaluation of theory and experiment (1992)

A critical review is presented of the theories proposed in the literature to explain the current gain enhancement of polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors. From these theories a simplified analytical formulation is chosen which models the blocking properties of the interface, including tunneling through the interfacial oxide, reduced grain boundary mobility at the polysilicon/silicon interface, and the potential barrier created by segregated dopant, which can all give rise to an enhanced current gain. Also modeled are the mechanisms which limit the extent of any gain enhancement, such as recombination in the single-crystal emitter, in the bulk of the polysilicon, and at the polysilicon/silicon interface. This model is then applied in an original manner to a selection of experimental data in an effort to identify the dominant current gain mechanisms in polysilicon emitter transistors as a function of a given set of fabrication conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SOME DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE MEMBRANE AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE FOR EXCITATION‐CONTRACTION COUPLINGfn1 (1975)

Voltage-clamp studies of polarization currents have shown the presence of polar molecules in the membrane of skeletal muscle. Their high dipole moment and favorable transition potential suggest that they may be "gating molecules" which serve to regulate some membrane potential-dependent physiological function. Experiments with the drugs tetrodotoxin and tetracaine show that these polar molecules are unlikely to play a role in regulating the sodium and potassium channels responsible for electrical excitation. Instead, they may regulate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which also depends steeply on the cell membrane potential. Schneider and Chandler's hypothesis whereby calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is regulated by voltage-sensitive "gating molecules" in the tubule membrane is still unproven, but remains attractive and plausible.
Social factors, allergen, endotoxin, and dust mass in mattress (2007)

The study indicated that community is a major source of cat allergen exposure especially in communities of low SES.
ADHD in childhood epilepsy: Clinical determinants of severity and of the response to methylphenidate (2016)

We did not detect any epilepsy-related factor associated with the severity of ADHD. Twenty-five percent of patients did not respond to methylphenidate. A better understanding of the pathologic process that underlies ADHD development in childhood epilepsy might be required to improve therapeutic strategies.
VP41.02: Effect of false‐positive antenatal diagnosis of small for gestational age on prematurity and stillbirth risk (2020)

The national GAP program includes rolling audit reporting on antenatal detection (true positive, TP) as well as false-positive (FP) detection of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. We reported previously on the association between improved SGA detection and reduced stillbirth rate and now wanted to assess the effect of FP results on prematurity and stillbirth. The study cohort consisted of an anonymised database of 1,516,126 deliveries in the GAP program, 2015–19. SGA was defined as an estimated fetal weight or neonatal weight <10th customised centile. FPs were defined as an EFW <10th centile but neonatal weight >10th centile. The reference population were babies which were not considered SGA antenatally and were not SGA at birth. The average FP rate over the study period was 6.4%. FP assessment was followed by a shorter median length of gestation than the reference length of pregnancy (272 vs. 278 days, IQR 8 vs. 6, p < 0.01) and resulted in increased risk of prematurity (10.6 vs. 4.8%, RR 2.2, CI 2.2–2.3). The stillbirth rate (/1000) in this group was 3.1, similar to the reference population (3.1; RR 1.0, CI 0.9–1.2). FP antenatal diagnosis of SGA is an important metric in surveillance audit. It does not identify a population at increased risk of stillbirth but results in increased intervention and prematurity risk.
Combined capillary column gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of prostanoids (1983)

Electron capturing pentafluorobenzyl ester derivatives of prostanoids provide intense negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra. Fragmentation is directed almost entirely away from the prostanoid molecule and this provides intense [M - C6F5CH2]− ions. These ions are ideal for specific and sensitive quantitative selected ion monitoring analysis. The limits of sensitivity employing this technique are in the range 1–8 pg on column compared with 100–500 pg using the corresponding methyl ester derivative in the electron impact mode. The capillary column characteristics of the pentafluorobenzyl esters are suitable for the development of multiprostaglandin gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assays.
The central cytoplasmic loop of the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins governs efficient membrane insertion (2000)

Deletion of 5 residues (Delta5) from the central cytoplasmic loop of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli has no significant effect on expression or activity, whereas Delta12 leads to increased rates of permease turnover after membrane insertion and decreased transport activity, and Delta20 abolishes insertion and activity. By expressing Delta12 or Delta20 in two halves, both expression and activity are restored to levels approximating wild type. Replacing deleted residues with random hydrophilic amino acids also leads to full recovery. However, introduction of hydrophobic residues decreases expression and activity in a context-dependent manner. Thus, a minimum length of the central cytoplasmic loop is vital for proper insertion, stability, and efficient transport activity, because of constraints at the cytoplasmic ends of helices VI and VII. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the idea that the middle cytoplasmic loop provides a temporal delay between insertion of the first six helices into the membrane before insertion of the second six helices.
Formation and Properties of Thin Tunnelable SiO2 Films Using a Vaporized  O 2 Source at Liquid  N 2 Temperature (1978)

A high temperature (700°–1100°C) oxidation process for the formation of thin tunnelable (20–70Å) is described. This oxidation process uses liquid at liquid temperature as a source of oxidant and oxygen is vaporized just before the furnace tube to supply a water‐free oxidant ambient. The activation energy (20.2 kcal/mole) of oxidation rate differs from that previous (43.9 kcal/mole) which has been evaluated for thin oxide growth using the partial pressure method. By the use of this technique we can control thickness to ±0.5Å accuracy. The rate of oxidation has been found to be governed by the inverse‐logarithmic growth law, i.e., Mott‐Cabrera's field‐assisted diffusion law. Electrical characteristics, such as dynamic conductance, capacitance, and tunnel current, are measured and discussed. The increment of the oxidation temperature is found to result in the decrease of surface‐state density at the interface. The process described enables the way for wider application of thin oxide devices.