gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three conventional PCR test (Bulman & Marshall, ) versions for the molecular identification of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis cysts and juveniles (2014)

Three different versions of the conventional PCR described by Bulman &amp; Marshall ( ) for the identification of cysts and juveniles of G lobodera pallida and G . rostochiensis were compared: the original Bulman &amp; Marshall, Bulman &amp; Marshall as described in EPPO PM 7/40 (2) and an in‐house modified version of the D utch N ational P lant P rotection O rganization ( NPPO ‐ NL ). The versions differ from each other in thermocycler conditions and primer sequences. Two different polymerases ( I nvitrogen and R oche) were assessed using the different test versions, and performance criteria analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity were determined. Roche‐based reaction mixes had the highest amplicon yield and were used for further comparison of the different test versions. The different test versions performed equally well in terms of analytical specificity. No false positive or false negative results were observed. The test version NPPO ‐ NL proved to be the most sensitive test version with a limit of detection of 1 juvenile for both G . pallida and G . rostochiensis .
A novel approach to identifying patterns of human invasion-inhibitory antibodies guides the design of malaria vaccines incorporating polymorphic antigens (2016)

These findings provide new insights into the nature and acquisition of functional immunity to a polymorphic vaccine candidate and strategies to quantify functional immunity in populations to guide rational vaccine design.
22 Space-group changes (2003)

This paper reports 22 examples of space-group changes from low to higher symmetry. The revisions involve 15 crystal structures that were originally described in space group P2(1), six in P1 and one in P1. The relevance of higher-symmetry elements is discussed in connection with the crystallography, the molecular dimensions and, when possible, the spectroscopic properties.
Using computer conferencing to improve productivity in the 90s (2003)

Three case studies in the use of computer conferencing are discussed. The first use of conferencing is for the exchange of ideas among the members of a tightly knit project team. The second case involves the use of a computer conference to conduct a task force to a rapid conclusion at minimal cost. The process and results are discussed for both. The third use of conferencing is an experiment underway to improve communications and manage a large group of projects that have the involvement of three separate, and sometimes contending, organizations spread over two countries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-resolution multiphoton laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of zinc atoms ejected from laser-irradiated ZnS crystals (1989)

Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements employing high-resolution multiphoton laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS) have been used as a probe to determine the yield and velocity distributions of Zn atoms ejected from a ZnS single crystal under irradiation by 308-nm photons. For fluences between 20 and 80 mJ/cm2 (irradiated area 2 mm2), the velocity distributions could be fitted by Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions where the characteristic temperature increased from 2000 to 9000 K, respectively. The absolute neutral Zn yield also increased from 108 to 1012 atoms per pulse over this same fluence range. Plots of temperature (T) as a function of fluence (F) and yield as a function of 1/T and 1/F suggest thermal evaporation as the mechanism for the Zn emission.The results indicate that with increasing fluence a critical combination of particle density and laser intensity is reached for formation of a plasma which interacts with the surface to cause catastrophic failure. For consecutive laser shots at constant ablation laser fluences, a nearly exponential increase of the Zn particle density was observed, although the measured kinetic temperature remains approximately constant even beyond the onset of visible damage to the ZnS surface. Doppler-shift techniques have been combined with TOF measurements for the first time in order to separate prompt from delayed emission of ablated atoms as well as to probe possible molecular or cluster ejection and fragmentation. Evidence for the latter phenomena was obtained.
Neurological Comorbidity and Epilepsy Treatment (2009)

Epilepsy can occur in the setting of a host of other neurological and systemic diseases. Clinicians must address practical issues arising from
Introduction and overview (2015)

Nanotechnology has seized both the public and scientific communities' imaginations, and it's not hard to see why. From K. Eric Drexler's and Ray Kurzweil's visions of self-reproducing engineered nanomachines building macroscale structures out of single crystal diamond and swimming through our capillaries repairing damaged cells, to talk of building an elevator directly to geosynchronous orbit, the promise of nanoscale science and engineering has been described to an enthusiastic public. Billions of dollars of research funding have been directed into this area, and further billions of dollars are already being spent on commercial products that are self-described as examples of nanotechnology. Estimates of the global economic impact of nanotechnology in the next ten years exceed $1 trillion, and are rising.
Near optimal demand-side energy management under real-time demand-response pricing (2010)

In this paper, we present demand-side energy management under real-time demand-response pricing as a task scheduling problem which is NP-hard. Using minmax as the objective, we show that the schedule produced by our minMax scheduling algorithm has a number of salient advantages: significant peak-shaving, cost reduction, and risk-aversion for the consumers. We prove that our algorithm finds near-optimal solutions and our simulation study show that the actual performance is better than the worst-case bound. The algorithm is simple to implement and efficient at the scale of large enterprises.
The Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) cluster randomised trials in Mozambique, Pakistan, and India: an individual participant-level meta-analysis (2020)

University of British Columbia, a grantee of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Evaluation of a Two-Formant Speech-Processing Strategy for a Multichannel Cochlear Prosthesis (1987)

Initial results with the two-formant speech-processing strategy (F0F1F2) confirm the advantage of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis capable of stimulating at different sites within the cochlea. The successful presentation of two spectra] components by varying the place of stimulation leads to the possibility of presenting further spectral information in this manner. Because virtually all multichannel implant patients demonstrate good “place” (electrode site) discrimination, these more refined coding strategies should lead to benefits for the majority of implantees. Already, with the F0F1F2 strategy, we have a system that appears to provide some effective auditory-alone communication ability for the average patient.
Evaluating the effects of microparticle addition on mycelial morphology, natural yellow pigments productivity, and key genes regulation in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus (2021)

Morphology plays an important role in fungal fermentation and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. One novel technique, microparticle-enhanced cultivation was successfully utilized to control the morphology of Monascus purpureus precisely and enhance the yield of yellow pigments. The production of yellow pigments increased to 554.2 U/ml when 4 g/L 5000 mesh talc added at 24 h. Field emission scanning electron microscope observation indicated that the actual effect depends on the properties of microparticle. Sharp-edged microparticles showed better stimulatory effects than smooth, round-shaped ones. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, and cell integrity evaluation proved obvious morphological changes were induced by talc addition, including smaller mycelial size, rougher hyphae, and decreased cell integrity. Furthermore, the expression levels of MrpigG, MrpigD, MrpigE, and MrpigH were significantly upregulated by the addition of talc. It indicated that the microparticle could not only affect the mycelial morphology, but also influence the expression levels of key genes in biosynthetic pathway of Monascus yellow pigments.
Nucleation of transition waves via collisions of elastic vector solitons (2023)

In this work, we show that collisions of one type of nonlinear wave can lead to generation of a different kind of nonlinear wave. Specifically, we demonstrate the formation of topological solitons (or transition waves) via collisions of elastic vector solitons, another type of nonlinear wave, in a multi-stable mechanical system with coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom. We experimentally observe the nucleation of a phase transformation arising from colliding waves, and we numerically investigate head-on and overtaking collisions of solitary waves with vectorial properties (i.e., elastic vector solitons). Unlike KdV-type solitons, which maintain their shape despite collisions, our system shows that collisions of two vector solitons can cause nucleation of a new phase via annihilation of the vector soltions, triggering the propagation of transition waves. The propagation of these depends both on the amount of energy carried by the vector solitons and on their respective rotational directions. The observation of the initiation of transition waves with collisions of vector solitons in multistable mechanical systems serves as an example of new fundamental nonlinear wave interactions, and could also prove useful in applications involving reconfigurable structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Halo Derivatives of 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones. (2012)

Abstract The reactivity of chloro, bromo, and iodo substituents at different positions on the pyridopyrimidinone skeleton in Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions is investigated.
Effects of amide types DCCAs on the properties of Y2O3:Eu phosphor powders with spherical shape and fine size (2008)

The effects of amide types drying control chemical additives on the morphologies, BET surface areas, pore sizes, crystal structures, and photoluminescence intensities of the Y2O3:Eu phosphor powders prepared by spray pyrolysis were investigated. The phosphor powders obtained from the spray solutions with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) had filled inner structures, low surface areas and high photoluminescence intensities under vacuum ultraviolet illumination. The photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution with DMA was 120% of that of the phosphor powders obtained from the spray solution without drying control chemical additive.
Robust Control: multivariable Hinfini controller applied to an induction motor (2001)

International audience
Identification of hybrid systems via mixed-integer programming (2003)

Addresses the problem of identification of hybrid dynamical systems, by focusing the attention on hinging hyperplanes and Wiener piecewise affine autoregressive exogenous models. In particular, we provide algorithms based on mixed-integer linear or quadratic programming which are guaranteed to converge to a global optimum.
First clinical experience with the Fibrotic Obliteration Probe - a new instrument to support CI implantation in fibrosis of the cochlea (2021)

Introduction Anatomical malformations, obliterations of the cochlea or reimplantations pose particular challenges in CI care. Treatment methods include incomplete insertion, implantation of a double array and radical cochleostomy. MED-EL has developed a Fibrotic Obliteration Probe (FOP) based on the geometry of the MED-EL standard electrode. We examined retrospectively at our clinic whether the use of FOP is a new and safe procedure in CI surgery for a fibrotically altered cochlea?
Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis (2008)

A single-step electroless transmetallation-based approach to create nanoscale porosity in thin films and bulk surfaces has been described and its application in catalysis has been demonstrated. The vast commercial implications of galvanic replacement reactions to create large-scale functional nanomaterials can not be overemphasized.
Landscape Now (2018)

We are in the midst of a new era of place perception in Britain. Questions of what landscapes mean to us, who sees them, and what they are for are all being debated now with an intensity perhaps unmatched since the first great age of domestic tourism, landscape painting, and aesthetic philosophy in the late eighteenth century. Work on the history of landscape art has influential roles to play today more than ever, so please do join this conversation about the place of art and the history of art in national understandings of landscape now.
Generation of Extended Surface Barrier Discharge on Dielectric Surface-Electrical Properties- (2007)

Abstract – Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a grounded electrode (sliding electrode) on the same surface as the high voltage electrode (three electrode DBD) was experimentally studied to generate homogeneous surface discharge. Application of AC high voltage generated stable and homogeneous surface plasma between high voltage and grounded electrode without arcing. Electrical properties of the three electrode DBD was experimentally studied. With the same peak voltage, lower DC component generated more stable but less homogeneous plasma sheet. Lower DC/AC ratio reduced the electric field to initiate sliding discharge. With sliding electrode, longer surface plasma was generated compared with normal DBD. The effect of the sliding electrode was more significant when the gap between high voltage and the sliding electrode was increased.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBENE REACTIONS. XV. ATTEMPTED GENERATION OF TRICARBONYLCYCLOHEPTATRIENYLIDENE CHROMIUM (1981)

Abstract Cycloheptatrienyliden (IV) kann aus dem Trimethylsilyltropylium‐Salz (III), dessen Darstellung wie aufgezeichnet aus (I) erfolgt, durch Fluordesilylierung freigesetzt und durch Addition an Fumarsäuredimethylester oder ‐dinitril als Spiroverbindungen (VI) abgefangen werden.
Atomic-resolution study of lattice distortions of buriedInxGa1−xAsmonolayers in GaAs(001) (1999)

X-ray standing wave measurements were used to study the strain in one monolayer of pseudobinary alloy ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ buried in GaAs(001) by molecular-beam epitaxy. The measured In position along the [001] direction exhibited a nearly linear dependence on the In concentration x, thus supporting the validity of macroscopic continuum elasticity theory at the one-monolayer limit. A random-cluster calculation using a valence force field was performed to explain microscopically the origin of the vertical expansion of the strained monolayer observed by the experiment. The calculated As-In-As bond angle and the positions of the first-nearest-neighbor As atoms of In suggest that the nearly linear dependence of the In height on the alloy composition is a combined result of the As-In-As bond bending and the local lattice distortion at the ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ interface. The calculated In-As and Ga-As bond lengths were found to depend weakly on the In concentration, consistent with an earlier calculation for the case of a thick ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ film on GaAs(001) and the available x-ray absorption fine-structure data.
A Genetic Variant of Factor IX with Decreased Capacity for Ca2+ Binding (1979)

A genetic variant of factor IX is described that behaves identically to PIVKA/IX (the precursor factor IX molecule induced by the absence of vitamin K or presence of vitamin K antagonists, acarboxy factor IX). It shows an increased electrophoretic mobility in the presence of Ca2+, a low affinity for adsorption to A1(OH)3 and a very low specific coagulant activity. This variant of factor IX has been demonstrated in the plasma of a patient with severe haemophilia B and in the plasmas of a number of possible carriers from the probands' pedigree.
Novel solvent-based method for preparation of alginate beads with improved roundness and predictable size (2004)

Attempts to determine conditions or processes within alginate gel beads often suffer from inaccuracies due to an improper roundness of the analysed beads. Therefore, a novel solvent-based method for the preparation of alginate beads with improved shape was developed: An aqueous solution of 2% (w/v) alginate in water was injected into a solvent layering consisting of hexane, n-butanol, n-butanol with 1% (w/v) CaCl2 and finally 2% (w/v) CaCl2 in water. Beads of up to 3.5 mm in diameter obtained with this method had a roundness which was approximately 5% better than comparable beads prepared by dropping an alginate solution into a CaCl2-hardening bath. This was determined by a software supported quantitative analysis of bead size and shape. Additionally, the novel solvent-based method allows for highly reproducible preparation of alginate beads with exactly predictable sizes. The biggest beads obtained with this method were 9 mm in diameter. Thus, with the solvent-based preparation of alginate beads it is now possible to easily obtain beads of exactly the type needed for a specific analytical purpose.
Les enjeux du remplacement des lampes à incandescence (2010)

Aujourd’hui les protocoles internationaux visant une réduction globale de la consommation d’énergie ont conduit à l’approbation de nouvelles législations qui, dans le domaine de l’éclairage, imposent le remplace- ment des lampes à incandescence par des lampes économiques. Si ces nouvelles sources permettent déjà de réaliser les économies d’énergie demandées, elles ne sont pas encore en mesure de garantir une qualité d’éclairage comparable à celle qui était fournie par les lampes classiques.
Bridging the gap between pervasive devices and global networks (2008)

For the future, it is envisioned that an incredibly number of inexpensive pervasive devices surrounds us. These devices are networked so that they can exchange data with their environment. Already today we have global networks like the Internet, and there are already many attempts to connect sensors and actuators to these networks. However, there are a variety of problems like security, scalability, reliability, as well as resource and cost constraints. In this paper, we will present an advanced architecture for bridging the gap between pervasive devices like wireless sensors and the Internet. Various widespread concepts and technologies are combined to create a practical solution.
<title>Real-time adaptive optimization of track loop controllers in adaptive optics systems as a function of input statistics and sensor gain</title> (1999)

The optimal track loop controller in an adaptive optics system is a function of the steering mirror dynamics, the temporal statistics of the input disturbance signal, measurement noise, and the sensor gain. The atmospheric input statistics and the sensor gain of a quadrant detector are slowly time-varying on a scale of minutes. If all parameters are known a prior, the analytical optimal controller is found by augmenting the dynamics of the input disturbance spectra and solving an H<SUB>2</SUB> optimization problem. Near optimal control is achieved by augmenting the mount jitter dynamics and a first order approximation of the atmosphere dynamics and finding the LQG/LTR controller. The optimal bandwidth to compensate for time-varying atmospheric disturbance and noise levels is found by optimizing the loop gain. Recursive least squares is used to estimate the sensor gain and optimize the bandwidth in real time. The only measurements necessary for optimization are the residual track errors from a high frame rate, low noise quad cell algorithm and from a low frame rate dense ccd array using a centroid algorithm. Provided the temporal variations in the sensor gain are slow, closed loop robust stability is guaranteed by constraining the optimization algorithm via projection. Simulation results are presented which verify that the constrained optimal controller is achieved under a variety of conditions.
Stereoselective Iodine‐Induced Cyclization of Alkene Acetals. Application to the Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐exo‐glycals and Substituted Tetrahydrofurans. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multis: A New Class of Multiprocessor Computers (1985)

Multis are a new class of computers based on multiple microprocessors. The small size, low cost, and high performance of microprocessors allow the design and construction of computer structures that offer significant advantages in manufacture, price-performance ratio, and reliability over traditional computer families. Currently, commercial multis consist of 4 to 28 modules, which include microprocessors, common memories, and input-output devices, all of which communicate through a single set of wires called a bus. Adding microprocessors together increases the performance of multis in direct proportion to their price and allows multis to offer a performance range that spans that of small minicomputers to mainframe computers. Multis are commercially available for applications ranging from real-time industrial control to transaction processing. Traditional batch, time-sharing, and transaction systems process a number of independent jobs that can be distributed among the microprocessors of a multi with a resulting increased throughput (number of jobs completed per unit of time). Many scientific applications (such as the solving of partial differential equations) and engineering applications (such as the checking of integrated circuit designs) are speeded up by this parallel computation; thus, multis produce results at supercomputer speed but at a fraction of the cost. Multis are likely to be the basis for the next, the fifth, generation of computers-a generation based on parallel processing.
Properties and Applications of Nonionic Surfactants Derived from Saccharides to Shampoo. (1993)

The foaming property of alkylsaccharide surfactants and their effects on protein, skin and scalp were examined, in consideration of their application to personal care products especially detergents.
Editorial: Introduction of New Associate Editors (2013)

The Editor-in-Cheif (EiC) and Deputy EiC introduce 7 new Editorial Board Members (bigraphies are provided) to take the place of the following Associate Editors (AEs) who have ably served from the early days of LES and whose terms expired end of 2012: Tarek Abdelzaher Jose L. Ayala; James Hoe; Ryan Kastner; Rakesh Kumar; Gang Qu; Donatella Sciuto; and Sandeep Shukla.
Study and characterization of CNT Inkjet printed patterns for paper-based RF components (2015)

Inkjet-printing is a very promising technology for the development of microwave circuits and components. Inkjet-printing of conductive silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inks on an organic flexible paper substrate is introduced in this study, in order to characterize the CNT patterns. The CNTs are printed within a gap of coplanar and microstrip lines used as test structures. The suggested method can be exploited and used to characterize different CNT inks used in different inkjet-printed microwave devices.