gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Heat-Induced Microwrinkling of PEDOT:PSS Nanofilm Surface Over a Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomer (2013)

New bilayered composite systems with tunable and temperature-dependent formation of periodical wrinkles on the surface are the object of this report. The samples were prepared by spin-coating deposition of a thin film of the conducting polymer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on the surface of standard monodomain liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) films. Several bilayered materials were prepared by changing the thickness of PEDOT:PSS nanofilms. Basic characterization showed very good stability and adhesion between the two components also after performing multiple heat cycles around nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature of the LCE. Interestingly, formation of uniaxially aligned microwrinkles was observed, with most of the wrinkles aligned along perpendicular direction with respect to the nematic director, due to reversible elongation/compression of the LCE during thermal cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Mushroom Tyrosinase Catalyzed Synthesis of Coumestans, Benzofuran Derivatives and Related Heterocyclic Compounds. (1990)

Abstract Enzymatic oxidation of catechol (II) generates o‐quinone in situ which reacts with the different cyclic 1,3‐diones (enol form) (I) etc. (see scheme) to give anellated furans in nearly quant.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2′‐BIPYRIDYL COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM COVALENTLY BOUND TO PLATINUM OXIDE ELECTRODES (1980)

Abstract Der kovalente Angriff der als Hexafluorophosphate isolierten Ru(II)‐Komplexe (Ia‐c) an die silanisierte PtO‐Elektrode (IIa) erfolgt in Gegenwart von dehydratisierendem Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid unter Bildung von über Carboxamid‐Bindungen an der Elektrodenoberfläche koordinierten . Komplexen.
Body composition in achondroplasia (2012)

Background The major components of body composition are fat and lean mass, quantifiable via dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and anthropometry. Average stature normative body composition values are not applicable because of extreme disproportionate short stature in achondroplasia. Obesity is a major concern in the general population, yet little has been done to validate methods for determining body composition in short stature skeletal dysplasias. Methods Body composition was determined by DXA, BIA and anthropometry in a cross‐sectional study of 20 adults with achondroplasia. Results Mean % body fat by DXA was 33.1%(F 42.7%, M 25.2%) and by BIA was 33.4% (F 43.2%, M 25.4%), r=0.94(p&lt;0.0001). Mean estimated arm fat area was 35.3 cm 2 (F 51.1 cm 2 , M 22.4 cm 2 ). DXA % body fat was highly correlated with umbilical waist (M r=0.93, F r=0.72), maximal hip (M r=0.85, F r=0.77), and neck circumferences (M r=0.89, F r=0.73) and estimated arm fat area(M r=0.84, F r=0.86); all p&lt;0.05 except the female umbilical. BIA % body fat was highly correlated with the same measures, all p&lt;0.05 except female neck. Discussion Basic anthropometry is highly correlated to DXA and BIA and more accessible for future investigation of health outcomes. Supported by Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias
An exfoliated clay‐poly(norbornene) nanocomposite prepared by metal‐mediated surface‐initiated polymerization (2015)

An exfoliated clay−polymer nanocomposite was prepared by surface‐initiated ring opening metathesis polymerization (SI‐ROMP) of norbornene on a montmorillonite (MMT) clay with a modified surface. Utilizing the hydrothermal‐silylation reaction between a norbornenyl‐bearing chlorosilane agent and silanol groups of the MMT clay, we were able to bind a metal alkylidene catalyst to the surface in order to grow poly(norbornene) chains directly from the surface using ROMP. Our approach produced nanocomposites having poly(norbornene) chains that are covalently attached to the inorganic substrate, as opposed to most conventional polymer‐clay composites that have ionically tethered chains (via the ammonium‐based modifiers of the organoclay) or physically adsorbed polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2349–2354, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Collisional Deactivation of Highly Vibrationally Excited SO2: A Time-Resolved FTIR Emission Spectroscopy Study (2000)

Time-resolved Fourier transform IR emission spectroscopy, capable of 10
A Servo System of AC Motor Based on Voltage Modulation Fitting for FPGA and Consideration of Voltage Saturation (2008)

This paper proposes a space voltage vector modulation (SVM) method for a speed servo system to obtain a quick current response. The proposed SVM method shortens the control lag time of the conventional SVM inverter. In addition, this proposed method is easily implemented of the hardware using a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) because the proposed SVM equations is transformed into the expressions that hardly needs multiplication. By using the proposed SVM method, the servo system realizes a quick and stable current control with wide bandwidth.Moreover, by using PI controllers considering the voltage saturation and the torque limiter to the speed servo system, the servo system carries out a stable speed control on voltage saturation. Both the proposed SVM method and the PI controllers considering the voltage saturation are applied to a speed servo system of a vector controlled induction motor. The effectiveness of both the proposed SVM method and the PI controllers considering voltage saturation is verified by the experimental results.
Assays to Assess Freeze Injury of Satsuma Mandarin (2002)

Containerized `Owari' satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) on Poncirus trifoliata `Flying Dragon' rootstock were exposed to one of two acclimation regimes (cold acclimated and unacclimated) and frozen in a computer-controlled freezer to five different low temperatures. Whole plant survival was measured and compared to the results of four leaf and stem injury assays. Acclimating plants in growth chambers at 20 °C day and 10 °C night for 14 days, followed by 15 °C day and 4 °C night for 14 to 21 days resulted in an 81% and 80% increase in leaf and stem survival, respectively, when frozen to a low of -8 °C. Electrolyte leakage and phenolic leakage assays effectively detected changes in percent leaf survival, but the TTC stain assay, using leaf disks, did not. Stem survival was best predicted by the TTC assay, using the phloem as the indicator tissue for survival. Electrolyte leakage and phenolic leakage were also reliable assays for predicting stem survival, although survival percentages were different at the same electrolyte leakage values reported in other studies. The callus growth assay accurately predicted survival for cold acclimated satsuma mandarin stems only. Chemical name used: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC).
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with poor functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (2021)

Background Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has transformed acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapy in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) decreases global cerebral blood flow and predisposes to hypoperfusion. We evaluated the relationship between LVSD, as measured by LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior cerebral circulation LVO who underwent ET. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study examined anterior circulation LVO AIS patients from six international stroke centers. LVSD was measured by assessment of the echocardiographic LVEF using Simpson's biplane method of discs according to international guidelines. LVSD was defined as LVEF &lt;50%. The primary outcome was defined as a good functional outcome using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-2 at 3 months. Results We included 440 AIS patients with LVO who underwent ET. On multivariate analyses, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.39;p=0.005), unsuccessful reperfusion (Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grade 0-2a) status (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.04 to 8.66; p&lt;0.001) and LVSD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.68; p=0.011) were independent predictors of poor functional outcomes at 3 months. On ordinal (shift) analyses, LVSD was associated with an unfavorable shift in the mRS outcomes (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.53; p&lt;0.001) after adjusting for age and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion Anterior circulation LVO AIS patients with LVSD have poorer outcomes after ET, suggesting the need to consider cardiac factors for ET, the degree of monitoring and prognostication post-procedure.
A “Click” Reaction to Engineer MoS2 Field-Effect Transistors with Low Contact Resistance (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with the atomically thin thickness have attracted great interest in the post-Moore's Law era because of their tremendous potential to continue transistor downscaling and offered advances in device performance at the atomic limit. However, the metal-semiconductor contact is the bottleneck in field-effect transistors (FETs) integrating 2D semiconductors as channel materials. A robust and tunable doping method at the source and drain region of 2D transistors to minimize the contact resistance is highly sought after. Here we report a stable carrier doping method via the mild covalent grafting of maleimides on the surface of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. The chemisorbed interaction contributes to the efficient carrier doping without degrading the high-performance carrier transport. Density functional theory results further illustrate that the molecular functionalization leads to the mild hybridization and the negligible impact on the conduction bands of monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, avoiding the random scattering from the dopants. Differently from reported molecular treatments, our strategy displays high thermal stability (above 300 °C) and it is compatible with micro/nano processing technology. The contact resistance of MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs can be greatly reduced by ∼12 times after molecular functionalization. The Schottky barrier of 44 meV is achieved on monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs, demonstrating efficient charge injection between metal and 2D semiconductor. The mild covalent functionalization of molecules on 2D semiconductors represents a powerful strategy to perform the carrier doping and the device optimization.
SOX2 as a novel contributor of oxidative metabolism in melanoma cells (2018)

SOX2 contributes to the acquisition of an aggressive oxidative tumor phenotype, endowed with enhanced drug resistance and metastatic ability.
Japanese social policy in comparative perspective (2002)

With regard to traditional social policy or the “welfare state in a narrow sense, ” Japan is not as different from Western models as is usually assumed. With Long-Term-Care Insurance, it may soon start to look distinctive in the more expansive direction and perhaps become a model for other nations (though only for the elderly). Looking at social policy more broadly, it appears that Japan has pursued welfare objectives, particularly a high level of equality of living standards across the population, more through the tax system and a set of employment-support policies (trade protection, competition-inhibiting regulations, price subsidies, building public works) than through traditional welfare-state programs. That pattern helps account for Japan’s record of low public spending on social policy, but may still represent a rather high level of costs imposed by government on society. World Bank InstituteCopyright © 2002
AN ADAPTIVE INTERFACE FOR ACTIVE LOCALIZATION (2011)

Thanks to large-scale image repositories, vast amounts of data for object recognition are now easily available. However, acquiring training labels for arbitrary objects still requires tedious and expensive human effort. This is particularly true for localization, where humans must not only provide labels, but also training windows in an image. We present an approach for reducing the number of labelled training instances required to train an object classifier and for assisting the user in specifying optimal object location windows. As part of this process, the algorithm performs localization to find bounding windows for training examples that are best aligned with the current classification function, which optimizes learning and reduces human effort. To test this approach, we introduce an active learning extension to a latent SVM learning algorithm. Our user interface for training object detectors employs real-time interaction with a human user. Our active learning system provides a mean performance improvement of 4.5% in the average precision over a state of the art detector on the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 with an average of just 40 minutes of human labelling effort per class.
Central venous pressure during exercise: role of muscle pump (1996)

Central venous pressure (CVP) gives the integral result of changes in cardiac and peripheral factors. Thus, the sudden increase in CVP observed at the onset of dynamic exercise has been attributed to the action of the muscle pump but is also affected by reflex changes in cardiac response. To determine which predominates at the onset of exercise, we compared the change in CVP from rest to onset of upright exercise and after 3 min of exercise in four healthy normal subjects (N) and six patients following heart transplantation (HT), who thus had a delayed cardiac response. CVP immediately increased to a similar extent in both groups at exercise onset (by 4.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) in HT and 4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg in N) (mean +/- SE). After 3 min of exercise, CVP remained constant in N (2.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.8 at onset) but increased further in HT (7.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.1 at onset, p < 0.05). The immediate increase in CVP with leg movement in both groups supports an initial central shift in blood volume because of muscle contractions. During the first minute of exercise, muscle blood flow most likely continues to increase and CVP increased further in HT but not in N, which had adequate reflex cardiac adjustment. We conclude that the muscle pump increases CVP at exercise onset, but the interaction between cardiac response and circuit function determines CVP as exercise continues.
Peptide Probes with Aromatic Residues Tyr and Phe at the X Position Show High Specificity for Targeting Denatured Collagen in Tissues (2020)

The construction of potent peptide probes for selectively detecting denatured collagen is crucial for a variety of widespread diseases. However, all of the denatured collagen-targeting peptide probes found till date primarily utilized the repetitive (Gly-X-Y) <i><sub>n</sub></i> sequences with exclusively imino acids Pro and Hyp in the X and Y positions, which stabilized the triple helical conformation of the peptide probes, resulting in severe obstacles for their clinical applications. A novel series of peptide probes have been constructed by incorporating nonimino acids at the X position of the (GPO)<sub>3</sub>GXO(GPO)<sub>4</sub> sequence, while the X-site residue is varied as Tyr, Phe, Asp, and Ala, respectively. Peptide probes FAM-GYO and FAM-GFO containing aromatic residues Tyr and Phe at the X position showed similarly high binding affinity and tissue-staining efficacy as the well-established peptide probe FAM-GPO, while peptide probes FAM-GDO and FAM-GAO with the corresponding charged residue Asp and the hydrophobic residue Ala indicated much weaker binding affinity and tissue-staining capability. Furthermore, FAM-GYO and FAM-GFO could specifically detect denatured collagen in different types of mouse connective tissues and efficiently stain various human pathological tissues. We have revealed for the first time that the incorporation of nonimino acids, particularly aromatic residues at the X and Y positions of the repetitive (Gly-X-Y) <i><sub>n</sub></i> sequences, may provide a convenient strategy to create novel robust collagen-targeting peptide probes, which have promising diagnostic applications in collagen-involved diseases.
어린이집 학부모의 아동권리에 대한 인식 조사 (2005)

본 연구는 어린이집에 아동을 보내는 부모를 대상으로 아동권리에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 부모가 아동의 권리를 얼마나 중요하게 인식하고 있는지, 아동들이 현재 누리고 있는 아동권리를 부모가 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 조사하고 그 배경변인별 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울지역에 위치한 어린이집과, 경기도 광주시, 과천시의 어린이집의 7세 부모를 대상으로 하였다. 아동권리의 중요도와 실제 보유도를 알아보기 위한 조사도구는 1989년 UN 아동권리에 관한 국제협약에 근거하여 이재연과 강성희(1997)의 ‘권리에 대한 아동의 인식’ 연구에서 이용된 질문지로 중요도 40문항, 보유도 40문항 총 80문항으로 이루어졌으며 타당도와 신뢰도 검사를 거쳤다. 수집된 자료는 SAS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 연구문제에 따라 통계와 표준편차를 구하고 일원변량분석과 차이검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 부모들은 아동의 자기결정권이나 자율성에 관계된 내용보다는 생존이나, 보호 양육에 해당되는 권리를 더 중요하게 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 아동권리의 중요도는 높게 인식하지만 실제 아동의 권리보유정도는 낮다고 인식하고 있었다. 그러므로 사회적으로 아동의 발달이나 시기에 맞는 아동권리에 대한 교육이나, 아동들이 건전한 성인으로 자랄 수 있도록 가정 내에서 부모들이 인정할 수 있는 아동권리에 대한 부모교육과 프로그램의 개발이 시급하다 하겠다.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Gastroesophageal reflux might cause esophagitis through a cytokine-mediated mechanism rather than caustic acid injury. (2010)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Reflux esophagitis is believed to be caused by the caustic effects of refluxed gastric acid on esophageal epithelial cells. However, caustic chemical injuries develop rapidly whereas esophagitis might not appear until weeks after the induction of reflux in animal models. We studied early histologic events in the development of reflux esophagitis in a rat model and performed in vitro experiments to determine whether exposure to acidified bile salts causes esophageal epithelial cells to secrete chemokines that might contribute to inflammation.METHODS: At various time points after esophagoduodenostomy, the rat esophagus was removed and inflammatory changes were analyzed by histologic analyses. Human esophageal squamous cell lines were exposed to acidified bile salts to evaluate their effects on cytokine production and immune-cell migration.RESULTS: Reflux esophagitis started at postoperative day 3 with lymphocytic infiltration of the submucosa that progressed to the epithelial surface-these findings contradicted those expected from a caustic chemical injury. Basal cell and papillary hyperplasia preceded the development of surface erosions. Exposure of squamous cells to acidified bile salts significantly increased the secretion of interleukin-8 and interleukin-1beta; conditioned media from these cells caused significant increases in the migration rates of T cells and neutrophils.CONCLUSIONS: These findings support, but do not prove, an alternative concept for the development of reflux esophagitis in which refluxed gastric juice does not directly damage the esophagus, but rather stimulates esophageal epithelial cells to secrete chemokines that mediate damage of esophageal tissue. PMID: 19660463
Liquid‐Delivery MOCVD of Strontium Bismuth Tantalate Thin Films Using Sr[Ta(OC2H5)5(OCH2CH2OCH3)]2 and Liquid Bi(CH2CH=CH2)3 as Precursors (2005)

Abstract Thin films of BiO X , Sr X Ta Y O Z , and strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) were deposited by metal‐organic (MO)CVD on 150 mm silicon (100) wafers. Some of the wafers were pre‐deposited with Pt electrodes. The substrate temperature and the deposition pressure were varied from 300 °C to 600 °C and from 0.35 mbar to 7 mbar, respectively. Bi(CH 2 CH=CH 2 ) 3 (triallylbismuth) and Sr[Ta(OEt) 5 (OC 2 H 4 OMe)] 2 (strontium‐bis[tantalum(pentaethoxide)(2‐methoxyethoxide)]) were used as Bi precursor and as Sr‐Ta precursor, respectively. A liquid delivery system was used to supply and to vaporize the precursors into the reactor. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometry were carried out to characterize the film properties. The growth rate of the MOCVD of BiO X and Sr X Ta Y O Z was compared to the growth rate of SBT to obtain information about mutual interaction between the precursors. The deposition rate of bismuth oxide thin films was low (∼10 nm h –1 at 0.35 mbar) and virtually independent of the temperature. On the contrary, the growth rate of strontium tantalate films depended strongly on the temperature. The deposition rate of the SBT films was similar to the bismuth oxide film deposition, which slightly increased with increasing substrate temperature. However, the deposition rate of SBT was always lower than deposition rate of the single precursors. The growth rate significantly depended on pressure. The decrease of the deposition pressure in the reactor chamber reduced the deposition rate of BiO X , Sr X Ta Y O Z , and SBT but on the other hand, it improved the uniformity of the film thickness. XPS measurements showed a deficit of bismuth in the SBT films even though the concentration of the Bi precursor had been several times higher than the concentration of Sr‐Ta precursor. The XPS depth‐profiling by Ar + ion sputtering indicated more metallic bond characteristics of Ti, Sr, and Bi after ion‐beam bombardment.
A Novel Compact Microstrip Antenna Embedded with Magneto-Dielectric Ferrite Materials For 433 MHz Band Applications (2019)

In this paper, a novel and compact microstrip patch antenna with relatively high gain is proposed for ISM 433 MHz applications. To realize the miniaturization of the antenna, patch and ground slots are employed in this paper firstly. For gain enhancement, this paper utilized folded metal sheets connected with the ground plane to suppress cross-polarization, and this method maintains the advantage of the low profile of microstrip antenna. Furthermore, a pair of novel magneto-dielectric ferrite bars which have high permittivity and permeability are embedded into the substrate to further reduce the dimension of the antenna and improve the antenna performance. In addition, the parametric studies on the effects of the permeability of the ferrite, size of the ferrite, biased magnetic field strength and height of the metal sheets are presented. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 2.1 MHz, gain of 1.3 dBi, and an omni-directional radiation pattern. The total size of the proposed antenna is 70 mm × 75 mm × 15 mm.
Family history andrecurrenceoffebrile seizures (1994)

To determine thevalueofa detailed family history fortheassessment ofthe riskofrecurrence offebrile seizures, 115 children whovisited theemergency room ofanacademic children's hospital were studiedprospectively. The recurrence riskoffebrile seizures was analysed in relation to thechild's familyhistory andtheproportion ofrelatives affected byfebrile seizures usingKaplan-Meier estimates andCox proportional hazard models.A firstdegreefamilyhistory positive forfebrile seizures (parents or siblings affected by febrile seizures) increased a child's twoyearrecurrence riskfrom 27 to 52%.No significant increase ofrecurrenceriskforfebrile seizures was foundin children with seconddegreerelatives (grandparents and uncles/aunts) or cousinsonly affected byfebrile seizures. Recurrence riskwas significantly correlated with theproportion offirst degreerelatives affected byfebrile seizures: risks were27, 40,and83%inchildren whoseproportion was 0, 0-0-5,and n05 respectively. Analysis oftherecurrence riskinrelation toaweighted proportion, adjusted forthe attained age and sex offirstdegree relatives, showedsimilar results. It is concluded thattheapplication ofthe proportion of firstdegreerelatives affected byfebrile seizures generates a more differentiated assessmentofthe recurrence riskoffebrile seizures. (Arch DisChild 1994; 70:395-399)
Piezoelectric inkjet-based one cell per one droplet automatic printing by image processing (2013)

Piezoelectric inkjet printer technology recently has gained attention and was utilized eject particles and cells of several tens of μm scale, which is large compared to colloid used in printer ink. However, the inkjet head was originally design for color ink. Therefore, problems, such as, head clogging and trajectory error occurred. In this study, those problems were addressed, and optimal condition for stable cells ejection was verified. Furthermore, one cell per one droplet printing method was established by observing cells position on the inside of inkjet head. Finally, automatic one cell per one droplet printing system was successfully developed by processing image of the inkjet head to automatically detect cells position. The automatic one cell per one droplet printing system was successfully developed with 98% successful ratio.