gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis (2022)

COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation by inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells, all hallmarks of a strong inflammatory response that can lead to severe complications and multi-organ damage. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with a high prevalence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombosis that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia, diabetes, and old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19, possibly concomitant with the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain and invasion of the nervous system <i>via</i> the olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review the relevance of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in SARS-CoV-2 infections. LL-37 is an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory response, neovascularization, Lewy body formation, and pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form of vitamin D and a number of other compounds induce LL-37 expression and one might predict its upregulation, could reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation of LL-37 will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance by macrophages, speeding endothelial repair after inflammatory tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, and supporting blood-glucose level stabilization by facilitating insulin release and islet β-cell neogenesis. In addition, it has been postulated that LL-37 can directly bind the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purposeful upregulation of LL-37 could also serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Targeted Base Editing via RNA-Guided Cytidine Deaminases in Xenopus laevis Embryos. (2017)

Genome editing using programmable nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 or Cpf1 has emerged as powerful tools for gene knock-out or knock-in in various organisms. While most genetic diseases are caused by point mutations, these genome-editing approaches are inefficient in inducing single-nucleotide substitutions. Recently, Cas9-linked cytidine deaminases, named base editors (BEs), have been shown to convert cytidine to uridine efficiently, leading to targeted single-base pair substitutions in human cells and organisms. Here, we first report on the generation of Xenopus laevis mutants with targeted single-base pair substitutions using this RNA-guided programmable deaminase. Injection of base editor 3 (BE3) ribonucleoprotein targeting the tyrosinase (tyr) gene in early embryos can induce site-specific base conversions with the rates of up to 20.5%, resulting in oculocutaneous albinism phenotypes without off-target mutations. We further test this base-editing system by targeting the tp53 gene with the result that the expected single-base pair substitutions are observed at the target site. Collectively, these data establish that the programmable deaminases are efficient tools for creating targeted point mutations for human disease modeling in Xenopus.
Rhythmusmanagement bei Vorhofflimmern (2022)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Vorhofflimmern ist die häufigste Herzrhythmusstörung und ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Mortalität, Herzinsuffizienz, Schlaganfälle und Demenz assoziiert. Das therapeutische Management des Vorhofflimmerns hat sich in den letzten Jahren in vielfältiger Hinsicht entscheidend verändert. Die frühzeitige Diagnostik und die Einleitung einer gezielten und individualisierten Therapie spielen hierbei eine große Rolle. Die konsequente Behandlung von Risikofaktoren und Begleiterkrankungen sowie die Prävention thrombembolischer Komplikationen rücken in den Vordergrund. Zudem weisen neuste Studienergebnisse auf eine Prognoseverbesserung durch eine frühe Rhythmuskontrolle hin, welche durch antiarrhythmische Medikation oder eine Katheterablation erreicht werden kann. Im folgenden Artikel wird das Therapiemanagement des Vorhofflimmerns mit Fokus auf rhythmuserhaltende Strategien im Kontext der aktuellen Literatur beleuchtet.
Inefficient estimators of the bivariate survival function for three models (1995)

Three explicit estimators of the bivariate survival functions for three types of data are analyzed by proving the analytical and probabilistic conditions necessary for application of the functional deltamethod. It tells us that the estimators converge weakly at p n-rate to a Gaussian process and that for estimation of their asymptotical distribution the bootstrap works well. We also prove eciency of the Dabrowska and Prentice-Cai estimator in the bivariate censoring model under independence.
Recovered elastic and plastic strains at residual micro-indentations in an MgO crystal (1988)

Abstract Elastic and plastic unloading effects are described for aligned diamond pyramid indentations imposed on a (001) MgO crystal surface. Substantial elastic recovery effects are explained in terms of the theoretical Hertzian behaviour for a ball indentation test. Limited reversal of the plastic deformation field occurs, involving dislocation processes which first produce an extensive amount of slip and cracking during the loading portion of the indentation cycle.
EFFECTS OF PRESSURE PROCESSING ON FROZEN STORED MUSCLE PROTEINS OF ATLANTIC COD (Gadus morhua) FILLETS (1987)

This study reports on the protein changes that occur during the storage of frozen cod fillet portions and the relationship of these quality indicators to tex-tural changes in the pressed fish product. Changes in texture and ultrastructure were monitored by determination of moisture, evaporative loss, drip loss, total water loss on cooking and Instron shear force and peak slope measurements on raw and cooked products. Concomitantly, the chemical quality indicators of trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), dimethylamine nitrogen (DMA-N), for maldehyde (HCHO), ammonia (NH3-N) and free radical content were analyzed to provide information on deteriorative storage changes in the products. Possible alterations in the myofibrillar proteins were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to study the pressure and storage temperature effects on the water soluble sarcoplasmic proteins (SAR). The ultrastructure of the fresh fillets, the pressed triangular and the unpressed fillet block portions were examined by phase contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Significant loss (p 0.05) in moisture content and increased toughness was seen in the pressed −12°C versus the pressed −30°C cod fillets. This was also reflected in the significantly higher (p 0.05) concentrations of DMA-N, HCHO, NH3-N and free radicals. Results of the SDS-PAGE on the myofibrillar protein extracts showed the disappearance of the ca. 78,500
Total agenesis of the corpus callosum in a patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia (2007)

The hypothesis that schizophrenia involves aberrant inter-hemispheric communication has a long pedigree, however its precise role remains unclear. We therefore report the case of a total agenesis of the corpus callosum in a 21-year-old man with childhood-onset schizophrenia. The presence of schizophrenia with very early onset on absence of corpus callosum offers an opportunity to examine neurodevelopmental model and theories regarding to interhemispheric communication in the pathogenesis of psychosis.
Zukunft des Verbrennungsmotors (2012)

Der Verbrennungsmotor ist die am weitesten verbreitete Energiewandlungsmaschine und hat z. B. als Antrieb für Fahrzeuge, Schiffe und Generatoren größte Bedeutung. Weit über eine Milliarde Verbrennungsmotoren sind heute als Antrieb für Fahrzeuge (Pkws, Nutzfahrzeuge, Schiffe usw.), zur Energieversorgung (Block-Heizkraftwerke, Notstromaggregate usw.) oder für andere Zwecke wie z. B. als handgehaltene Arbeitsgeräte (Motorsägen, Motorsensen, Trennschleifer usw.) im Einsatz. Als Hubkolbenmotor mit innerer Verbrennung ist er zudem die effizienteste Wärmekraftmaschine überhaupt. Bei alleiniger Nutzung der abgegebenen mechanischen Energie werden in bestimmten Antrieben bereits Wirkungsgrade von über 50 % erreicht. Wird die bei der Verbrennung des Kraftstoffes freigesetzte Wärme über den aufgrund der Gesetze der Thermodynamik limitierten, in mechanische Arbeit umwandelbaren Anteil hinaus genutzt, können sogar deutlich höhere Systemwirkungsgrade erreicht werden. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses außerordentlichen Erfolges sind die weitere Entwicklung und die dazu bestehenden Möglichkeiten von großem Interesse. Der Bedarf an mechanischer, elektrischer und insbesondere auch thermischer Energie hat durch die Industrialisierung kontinuierlich zugenommen und wird auch in Zukunft weltweit weiter steigen. Aufgrund seiner hohen Flexibilität und seiner einfachen Bauform wird der Hubkolbenmotor in Zukunft weiterhin eine wichtige Rolle bei der Energieumwandlung spielen und in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereichen eingesetzt werden. Die Entwicklung von modernen Verbrennungsmotoren befindet sich dabei im Spannungsfeld unterschiedlicher treibender Faktoren. Höchste Ansprüche werden vor allem bei der Reduzierung des Schadstoffausstoßes und des Kraftstoffverbrauches bzw. der CO2-Emission gestellt. Darüber hinaus ist das Entwicklungspotenzial des Verbrennungsmotors noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft.
Contemporary update on pathology-related issues of adult renal neoplasms. (2014)

This review gives an update on selected issues on renal neoplasia with special references to emerging new tumor entities (thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma, succinic dehydrogenase B deficiency-associated renal cell carcinoma, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] translocation renal cell carcinoma), tumor grading (the International Society of Urological Pathology grading system), and assessment of tumoral involvement of the renal sinus structures, including the sinus fat, the loose connective tissue, or any sinus-based endothelium-lined space.
Sample volume and alignment analysis for an optical particle counter sizer, and other applications (1985)

Optical methods for particle size distribution measurements in practical high temperature environments are approaching feasibility and offer significant advantages over conventional sampling methods. A key requirement of single particle counting techniques is the need to know features of the sample volume intensity distribution which in general are a function of the particle scattering properties and optical system geometry. In addition, the sample volume intensity distribution is sensitive to system alignment and thus calculations of alignment sensitivity are required for assessment of practical alignment tolerances. To this end, an analysis of sample volume characteristics for single particle counters in general has been developed. Results from the theory are compared with experimental measurements and shown to be in good agreement. A parametric sensitivity analysis is performed and a criterion for allowable optical mialignment is derived for conditions where beam steering caused by fluctuating refractive-index gradients is significant.
Virtual base station pool (2011)

The mobile Internet has seen tremendous progress due to the standardization efforts around WiMAX, LTE and beyond. There are also early trends towards adoption of software radio and a growing presence of general purpose platforms in wireless networking. Such platforms are programmer-friendly and with recent advances on multi-core and hybrid architectures, allow signal processing, network processor class packet processing, wire-speed computation and server-class virtualization capabilities for software radio realizations of 3G and 4G wireless stacks. Software radio over IT platforms will enable the virtualization of base stations and consolidation of virtual base stations into central pools (a local "cloud site") with fiber connectivity to towers, which we call a Wireless Network Cloud (WNC). A Virtual base station (BS) pool supporting multiple BS software instances over a general OS and IT platform is an important step towards the realization of the larger WNC concept. This paper introduces the first TDD WiMAX SDR BS implemented on a commodity server, in conjunction with a novel design of a remote radio head (RRH). We also present the first working prototype of a virtual BS (VBS) pool, exploring the systems challenges in supporting a VBS pool on multi-core IT platforms. The results from our VBS pool prototype for WiMAX verify that these solutions can meet system requirements including synchronization, latency and jitter.
Development of an integrated microfluidic instrument for unattended water‐monitoring applications (2010)

Field-deployable detection technologies in the nation's water supplies have become a high priority in recent years. The unattended water sensor is presented which employs microfluidic chip-based gel electrophoresis for monitoring proteinaceous analytes in a small integrated sensor platform. The instrument collects samples directly from a domestic water flow. The sample is then processed in an automated microfluidic module using in-house designed fittings, microfluidic pumps and valves prior to analysis via Sandia's microChemLab module, which couples chip-based electrophoresis separations with sensitive LIF detection. The system is controlled using LabVIEW software to analyze water samples about every 12 min. The sample preparation, detection and data analysis has all been fully automated. Pressure transducers and a positive control verify correct operation of the system, remotely. A two-color LIF detector with internal standards allows corrections to migration time to account for ambient temperature changes. The initial unattended water sensor prototype is configured to detect protein biotoxins such as ricin as a first step toward a total bioanalysis capability based on protein profiling. The system has undergone significant testing at two water utilities. The design and optimization of the sample preparation train is presented with results from both laboratory and field testing.
Features of Infections Due to Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Escherichia coli: Emergence of Sequence Type 131 (2012)

KPC-producing E. coli infections occur in severely ill patients who are admitted to the hospital. Acquisition of the KPC-encoding plasmids by the ST 131 clone, reported here for the first time to our knowledge in the United States, seems to represent multiple independent events. These plasmids are often shared between E. coli and other species.
Method of topic processing for cooperative dialog systems (2002)

Discourse information such as context and topics must be tracked in order to achieve cooperative interaction in a decision support system with natural language interfaces. This paper presents a method for processing topics, one aspects of the context, in goal-oriented dialogs. In our method, topics are recognized by matching in a fuzzy thesaurus and tracked by using a topic stack. Results of application to an information consultation system show our method can effectively recognize topics from surface expressions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single-Input Single-Output Digital Predistortion of Power Amplifier Arrays in Millimeter Wave RF Beamforming Transmitters (2018)

In this paper, a theoretical basis for a single-input-single-output (SISO) digital predistorter (DPD) for use in large-scale millimeter-wave (mm-wave) analog/RF beamforming antenna arrays is proposed. The proposed DPD is then validated in measurement by linearizing a 64-element array driven by a 320 MHz wide digitally modulated signal centered at 28 GHz. Measurement results using a block-wise SISO DPD, which uses three sets of SISO DPD model coefficients from training at three different steering angles, achieved a reduction of ACPR to -50 dBc and NMSE to 2.5% across the 120° steering range of the antenna array.
Polynomial Evaluation on Superscalar Architecture, Applied to the Elementary Function e x (2020)

The evaluation of small degree polynomials is critical for the computation of elementary functions. It has been extensively studied and is well documented. In this article, we evaluate existing methods for polynomial evaluation on superscalar architecture. In addition, we have completed this work with a factorization method, which is surprisingly neglected in the literature. This work focuses on out-of-order Intel processors, amongst others, of which computational units are available. Moreover, we applied our work on the elementary function e x that requires, in the current implementation, an evaluation of a polynomial of degree 10 for a satisfying precision and performance. Our results show that the factorization scheme is the fastest in benchmarks, and that latency and throughput are intrinsically dependent on each other on superscalar architecture.
Optimum window size for time series prediction (2002)

As a pre-processing stage, the analysis of time series is an important issue, since the structure of the prediction model (including the delay time and the embedding dimension determining the window size) can greatly influence the performance of the time series prediction. For this problem, the method of reconstructing attractors based on the correlation dimension is widely used. However, the correlation dimension is not a proper tool for determining the optimum window size, since nether the proper delay time nor the embedding dimension can be determined simultaneously, and the accurate calculation of the correlation dimension is not easy, due to the difficulties involved in identifying the scaling region and the proper number of samples. In this sense, a new method of determining the optimum window size, based on the smoothness (or easiness) of the mapping defined by the given data, is suggested for the purpose of determining the nonlinear prediction model more faithfully with respect to the given data. To show the effectiveness of our approach, the suggested method is applied to identifying the optimum window size for the prediction of Mackey-Glass chaotic time series.
Quadtree based adaptive lossy coding of motion vectors (2002)

Many well-known video coding schemes use block-matching based motion estimation with a fixed block size, and motion vectors are coded using lossless entropy coding. The disadvantages of this method are that: 1) the predetermined block size is independent of the scene and may not be optimal; 2) the rate for encoding the motion vectors is fixed but may not be the optimal rate allocation between motion vectors and motion compensated prediction error. We propose a scene adaptive motion estimation and coding scheme based on the quadtree structure with entropy-constrained vector quantization (ECVQ). For each block size, an entropy-constrained vector quantizer is built to provide good motion vectors over many rates. A quadtree structure is then constructed that finds the best block size to perform adaptive motion estimation for each area of the frame, and thus optimally allocates rates among the quantizers. Our simulation results have shown that this coding algorithm has superior rate-distortion performance over the fixed-block-size ECVQ method and the traditional full-search method with lossless coding.
A CMOS rectifier with an extended high-efficiency region of operation (2013)

A CMOS rectifier with a wide input signal range for radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. Using quasi-floating gate technique, a gate-biasing scheme is proposed to provide a relatively flat power conversion efficiency (PCE) curve for a wide input voltage (power) range. The proposed technique also enables an efficient operation for input voltage levels well below the standard threshold voltage of the MOS switching transistors. Appropriate bias voltages for different stages of the rectifier are generated through a chain of low-power bandgap reference generators which impose minimal power and area overhead. The proposed rectifier architecture is designed and laid out in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS technology. For a 2.4 GHz RF input frequency and 30 kΩ output load, post-layout simulation results of the circuit show that a maximum PCE of 66.7% is achieved for an input signal with an amplitude (power) of 0.45 V (-8 dBm). While a high PCE of 60% is achieved for input voltage (power) levels as low as 0.25 V (-15 dBm), PCE maintains above 60% for a wide input voltage (power) range from 0.25 V to 0.7 V (-15 dBm to -3 dBm).
Nonfouling Tunable βCD Dextran Polymer Films for Protein Applications (2015)

Polymeric β-cyclodextrin (βCD) films tunable with respect to thickness and βCD content were prepared in order to develop a suitable platform, allowing for inclusion of nonpolar guest molecules in the βCD cavity, while suppressing nonspecific protein adsorption. The βCD films were synthesized from linear βCD dextran polymers, and grafted onto silicon oxide surfaces by "click" chemistry. Topographic and morphological characteristics are controllable by reaction conditions and polymer type, with average film heights from 2.5 to 12.5 nm. Reversible introduction of electrostatic charges in the βCD dextran by complex formation with 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid prior to surface grafting resulted in a thinner and denser film, presumably by decompaction of the polymers. Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF) was employed to evaluate the accessibility of βCD cavities to the fluorescent probe 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid. Only a minor fraction of the βCD cavities was accessible in the thicker and less dense films; however, accessibility was largely improved with increased ionic strength using NaCl up to 1 M. Antifouling properties of the βCD dextran polymer films were assessed by TIRF real-time monitoring, using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, and showed a 5- to 10-fold reduction in nonspecific adsorption as compared to a bare quartz surface with the degree of reduction reflecting film thickness and interfacial polymer density.
Organic Geochemical Properties of Alaskan North Slope Oils and Rocks (1985)

The Alaska North Slope oil-rock correlation study was organized because several oil companies requested oil and rock samples for geochemical analyses that were recovered during the exploration drilling in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). Samples acquired with public funds could not be given to private organizations unless some guarantees could be provided that the information acquired from these samples could be made available to the public. For this reason, in August 1981, we sent out over 40 invitations to research laboratories in industry, government, and academia.Requirements to participate in this study included: (1) participation in an AAPG-sponsored research conference, (2) presentation of the data interpretations at the 1983 Annual AAPG Meeting in Dallas Texas, and (3) contribution of a manuscript, to include all acquired data and interpretations, that would be included in a symposium volume. If a research group wished to participate, they were to write a letter of intent that included their proposed analytical program and a statement indicating that the requirements would be adhered to by their group. Even with these stringent requirements, 30 research groups wished to participate. A balanced cross section of research groups are participating and are as follows: 15 from oil companies, 7 from commercial laboratories, 7 from government laboratories, and 1 university laboratory. These groups are listed in Table 1.In January 1982, each research group was sent 8 oils and 15 rocks recovered from NPRA drilling and 1 oil from the Prudhoe Bay field. Each group then proceeded to analyze these samples as they indicated in their letter of intent.