gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative 3D imaging of yeast by hard X‐ray tomography (2011)

Full-field hard X-ray tomography could be used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale structures of biological samples. The image of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was clearly visualized based on Zernike phase contrast imaging technique and heavy metal staining method at a spatial resolution better than 50 nm at the energy of 8 keV. The distributions and shapes of the organelles during the cell cycle were clearly visualized and two types of organelle were distinguished. The results for cells during various phases were compared and the ratios of organelle volume to cell volume can be analyzed quantitatively. It showed that the ratios remained constant between growth and division phase and increased strongly in stationary phase, following the shape and size of two types of organelles changes. Our results demonstrated that hard X-ray microscopy was a complementary method for imaging and revealing structural information for biological samples.
Structural fire behaviour: a necessary component of structural optimization (2014)

Designers of structures, as any other designers, are under constant pressure to optimise structures. Complex methodologies have been developed to iterate structural designs until an optimized solution is obtained. The desired output being: maximization of strength while minimizing weight, cost and any other parameter that negatively affects the sustainability of the structure. Once this process is achieved, prescriptive fire resistance requirements are met by introducing homogeneous fire proofing through the entire structure as demanded by codes, independent of the function of any particular structural element. The procedure follows the use of a standardized worst case fire (as per ISO 834) as the thermal load on the structure and the verification that individual structural elements do not reach a predefined critical temperature. Given that the temperature increase is directly associated to the thermal mass of the structural element, slim optimized structural elements generally will require thicker fire proofing. Furthermore, single element testing does not take on account optimised load redistribution or the thermo-mechanical behaviour of structural systems, therefore the same level of thermal protection will be provided for critical and non-critical structural elements (or sectors). The result is most likely a structural system that, when it comes to fire behaviour, is most likely over dimensioned where it is not necessary and under dimensioned when it is critical. Both outcomes are inconsistent with the objectives of optimization. This paper presents a framework that enables the introduction of structural fire behaviour into a unique optimization process that delivers a comprehensively optimized structure. This framework addresses the development of realistic fires within specific structures, proper assessment of material property evolution with temperature, adequate utilization of thermo-mechanical models to assess structural performance and the proper definition of failure criteria.
Food, fuel, and feed production with microalgae (1993)

Large-scale (>10 hectares) microalgae cultures are being used in several countries around the world for the production of human food supplements and specialty animal (mainly aquaculture) feeds. Microalgae cultures are also extensively used in wastewater treatment and being produced on a small scale for soil inoculants and diagnostic reagents. In addition, microalgae cultures are being investigated for their potential in fuel production and CO{sub 2} utilization, as a method for greenhouse gas mitigation. A pilot plant effort in New Mexico, under a US Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Lab. subcontract, demonstrated the feasibility of cultivating a number of algal species in large outdoor ponds on brackish waters. Building on this experience, SeaAg, Inc. has developed a process for the mass culture of microalgae as a source of bivalve feeds. In this process, algae (diatoms) are cultured in large open ponds on seawater, and then fed to clams and oysters, which filter and convert the algal cells into high value protein. The SeaAg process is another application of a technology which promises to eventually result in large-scale commercial production of microalgae for a variety of useful products and processes.
[Gene expression analysis in liver tissue at a single cell level by nested polymerase chain reaction and laser microdissection]. (2003)

Combining laser microdissection and nested RT-PCR can monitor gene expression at a single cell level in vivo.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF YOGURT (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the rheological characteristics of yogurts obtained from milk treated with transglutaminase prior to fermentation with Streptococus theromophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus. A set of 36 experiments were carried out to test the influence of various enzyme concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.04%, different setting temperatures (35, 40 and 45 oC), and setting time (60, 90 and 120 min). The cross-linking of milk proteins influenced the post-acidification process as well as the stability of the yogurt samples. The enzymatic treatment of milk allowed avoiding the syneresis phenomena during yogurt storage at 4 oC; the water holding capacity during centrifugation was also improved. Concerning the rheological properties, the apparent viscosity of yogurt increased by increasing the enzyme concentration and the setting time for the entire tested domain of shear rates. The results indicate that transglutaminase catalyzed cross-linking is an effective tool for improving functional properties of yogurt.
YY1's role in DNA methylation of Peg3 and Xist (2009)

Unusual clusters of YY1 binding sites are located within several differentially methylated regions (DMRs), including Xist, Nespas and Peg3, which all become methylated during oogenesis. In this study, we performed conditional YY1 knockdown (KD) to investigate YY1's roles in DNA methylation of these DMRs. Reduced levels of YY1 during spermatogenesis did not cause any major change in these DMRs although the same YY1 KD caused hypermethylation in these DMRs among a subset of aged mice. However, YY1 KD during oogenesis resulted in the loss of DNA methylation on Peg3 and Xist, but there were no changes on Nespas and H19. Continued YY1 KD from oogenesis to the blastocyst stage caused further loss in DNA methylation on Peg3. Consequently, high incidents of lethality were observed among embryos that had experienced the reduced levels of YY1 protein. Overall, the current study suggests that YY1 likely plays a role in the de novo DNA methylation of the DMRs of Peg3 and Xist during oogenesis and also in the maintenance of unmethylation status of these DMRs during spermatogenesis.
Pharmacokinetics of alendronate: an overview. (1999)

Alendronate (4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, MK-217, Fosamax), an aminobisphosphonate, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and is used for the treatment of bone disorders, osteoporosis and Pagets disease of bone. Alendronate, like all bisphosphonates, is absorbed poorly in animals and humans; oral bioavailability is less than 2% in all species studied, including humans. Systemically available alendronate disappears very rapidly from plasma, and the drug is either taken up by bone tissues or excreted by the kidneys. Renal excretion is the only route of elimination, and urinary recovery is similar among species, ranging from 30% to 50% in a 24-hour collection period. Studies in rats show that alendronate is actively secreted by an uncharacterised renal transport system, but not by anionic or cationic renal transport systems. Drug not excreted within 24 hours after dosing is believed to be sequestered in the skeleton, from which it is liberated slowly into the circulation to be eliminated renally. Once taken up by the bone, the elimination of alendronate from bone tissue is slow, ranging from 200 days in rats, 3 years in dogs and 12 years in humans. The phamacokinetics and unique targeting of alendronate to bone contribute to the utility of this drug for the management of skeletal disorders.
Electric field Monte Carlo simulation of polarized light propagation in turbid media (2004)

A Monte Carlo method based on tracing the multiply scattered electric field is presented to simulate the propagation of polarized light in turbid media. Multiple scattering of light comprises a series of updates of the parallel and perpendicular components of the complex electric field with respect to the scattering plane by the amplitude scattering matrix and rotations of the local coordinate system spanned by the unit vectors in the directions of the parallel and perpendicular electric field components and the propagation direction of light. The backscattering speckle pattern and the backscattering Mueller matrix of an aqueous suspension of polystyrene spheres in a slab geometry are computed using this Electric Field Monte Carlo (EMC) method. An efficient algorithm computing the Mueller matrix in the pure backscattering direction is detailed in the paper.
An Interactive Tool for Extracting Exons and SNP from Genomic Sequence: Isolation of HCN1 and HCN3 Ion Channel Genes (2003)

Genome Analyzer (GenoA) with a relational database back-end, was developed to extract information from mammalian genomic sequences. This data mining and visualization tool-set enables laboratory bench scientists to identify and assemble virtual cDNA from genomic exon sequences, and provides a starting point to identify potential alternative splice variants and polymorphisms in silico. The study described in this paper demonstrates the use of GenoA to study human brain hyperpolarization-activated cation channel genes HCN1 and HCN3.
Saccharide analysis of onion outer epidermal walls (2021)

Although exact values vary with the analytical method, our best estimate is that polysaccharide in the outer epidermal wall of onion scales is comprised of homogalacturonan (~ 50%), cellulose (~ 20%), galactan (~ 10%), xyloglucan (~ 10%) and smaller amounts of other polysaccharides. Low yields of specific monosaccharides by some methods may be exaggerated in epidermal walls impregnated with waxes and cutin and call for cautious interpretation of the results.
65.4: Active Matrix PHOLED Displays on Temporary Bonded Polyethylene Naphthalate Substrates with 180 °C a‐Si:H TFTs (2009)

Abstract A low temperature, 180 °C, amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) process on bonded polyethylene naphthalate substrates is discussed and a 4.1‐inch QVGA active matrix (AM) phosphorescent OLED display is demonstrated. The n‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibited saturation mobilities of 0.773 cm 2 /V‐sec, layer to layer registration distortion less than 10ppm and low defectivity. The efficiency of the OLED display is 39 cd/A at 500 nits.
<title>Noncontact temperature monitoring of semiconductors by optical absorption edge sensing</title> (1993)

Remote, noncontact temperature monitoring of semiconductors may be achieved by near infrared reflection spectroscopy of a wafer during processing. A technique is described which relies on the temperature dependence of the optical absorption edge characteristic of most semiconductors in conjunction with internal reflection at the interface between the wafer bulk and the vacuum/dielectric/device. Results are presented which demonstrate application of the technique to silicon wafers with a broad range of back surface properties such as single and double layer dielectrics. The measurements were carried out in situ during process in both a PVD metallization chamber and a plasma etch chamber, over the temperature range from 20 to 570 degree(s)C.
A TIME FILTERING SCHEME FOR THE SHORT RANGE CLIMATE PREDICTION MODEL PRODUCTS AND ITS REAL CASE ANALYSIS (2000)

A filtering / extracting scheme for various timescale processes in short range climate model out-put is established by using the scale scattering method. And the climatological meanings as well as the impor-tance of the filtered series are discussed. In the latter part of work, the effectiveness of the filtering method and the performance of the prediction model are analyzed through a real case.
Supplementary Tables 1-14 from Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM) Identifies Common Candidate Therapies across Platinum-Resistant Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1: Shared mRNA biomarkers predicting PI3K inhibitor sensitivity in SCLC; Supplementary Table S2: Shared protein biomarkers predicting PI3K inhibitor sensitivity in SCLC; Supplementary Table S3: Shared mRNA biomarkers predicting AURKA inhibitor sensitivity in SCLC; Supplementary Table S4: Shared protein biomarkers predicting AURKA inhibitor sensitivity in SCLC; Supplementary Table S5: Shared mRNA biomarkers predicting obatoclax sensitivity in LUAD and SCLC; Supplementary Table S6: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant BLCA; Supplementary Table S7: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant COAD; Supplementary Table S8: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant ESCA; Supplementary Table S9: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant HNSC; Supplementary Table S10: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant LUAD; Supplementary Table S11: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant OV; Supplementary Table S12: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant PAAD; Supplementary Table S13: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant SCLC; Supplementary Table S14: DISARM-selected candidates from GDSC for cisplatin-resistant STAD.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes from Iodo-Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (2023)

We describe a two-step process for the synthesis of substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. A photo-Hunsdiecker reaction generates iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes under metal-free conditions at room temperature. These intermediates react with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles to afford substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butane products.
Investigating speaker features from very short speech records (2003)

A procedure is presented that is capable of accurately extracting various speaker features, and is of particular value for analyzing records containing single words and shorter durations of speech. By taking advantage of the fast convergence of adaptive filtering, the approach is capable of modeling the nonstationarities due to both the vocal tract and vocal cord dynamics. This procedure is quite simple, requires no manual intervention, and is particularly unique because it derives both the vocal tract and glottal signal estimates directly from the time-varying filter coefficients rather than the prediction error signal. Several glottal signals are derived using this procedure, and are plotted to demonstrate the kind of glottal characteristics obtained therein. Finally, in order to provide a more quantitative performance measure, the procedure is used in a simple automatic speaker identity verification application.
Long-Lasting Regeneration After Ischemia in the Cerebral Cortex (2006)

Background and Purpose— Because fibroblast growth factor 2 is a mitogen for central nervous system stem cells, we explored whether long-term fibroblast growth factor 2 delivery to the brain can improve functional outcome and induce cortical neurogenesis after ischemia. Methods— Rats underwent permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion resulting in an ischemic injury limited to the cortex. We used an adeno-associated virus transfection system to induce long-term fibroblast growth factor 2 expression and monitored behavioral and histological changes. Results— Treatment increased the number of proliferating cells and improved motor behavior. Neurogenesis continued throughout 90 days after the ischemia, and the occurrence of newly generated cells with characteristics of neural precursors and immature neurons was most evident 90 days after treatment. Conclusions— Focal cortical ischemia elicits an ongoing neurogenic response that can be enhanced with fibroblast growth factor 2 leading to improved functional outcome.
Excerpts from the 1st international NTNU symposium on current and future clinical biomarkers of cancer: innovation and implementation, June 16th and 17th 2016, Trondheim, Norway (2016)

The goal of biomarker research is to identify clinically valid markers. Despite decades of research there has been disappointingly few molecules or techniques that are in use today. The "1st International NTNU Symposium on Current and Future Clinical Biomarkers of Cancer: Innovation and Implementation", was held June 16th and 17th 2016, at the Knowledge Center of the St. Olavs Hospital in Trondheim, Norway, under the auspices of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the HUNT biobank and research center. The Symposium attracted approximately 100 attendees and invited speakers from 12 countries and 4 continents. In this Symposium original research and overviews on diagnostic, predictive and prognostic cancer biomarkers in serum, plasma, urine, pleural fluid and tumor, circulating tumor cells and bioinformatics as well as how to implement biomarkers in clinical trials were presented. Senior researchers and young investigators presented, reviewed and vividly discussed important new developments in the field of clinical biomarkers of cancer, with the goal of accelerating biomarker research and implementation. The excerpts of this symposium aim to give a cutting-edge overview and insight on some highly important aspects of clinical cancer biomarkers to-date to connect molecular innovation with clinical implementation to eventually improve patient care.
Fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds with varied seeding dates and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate region of Japan (2021)

We monitored fatty acid compositions of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds cultivated in pots with different seeding dates and nitrogen (N) fertilizing conditions in a temperate region Wakayama, Japan. Five flax cultivars were seeded in early and late December 2017, and in late January 2018, and matured in May, June and July in the order of planting. Three types of N fertilizer were applied for plants seeded in January. Fatty acid profiles in seed TAG fractions were varied among the cultivation conditions. A cluster analysis dissected the fatty acid profiles of the same genotype with different seeding dates. Principal component analyses revealed inverse correlations between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents, which could be affected by temperature, N fertilization, and genotypic factors. The highest correlation was observed between α-linolenic and oleic acid contents, which showed a strong inverse relationship across genotypes (r= 0.964, n = 15). The ratio of α-linolenic acid content to that of oleic acid in seeds from plants seeded in early December were higher than those seeded on the other two dates across genotypes. We suppose that seeding date and N supply might be crucial determinants of flax lipid quality in temperate regions.
Employing WS-BPEL Design Patterns for Grid Service Orchestration using a Standard WS-BPEL Engine and a Grid Middleware (2008)

The BIS-Grid project extends the Grid middleware UNICORE 6 to orchestrate Web Services as well as stateful Grid Services by using the WS-BPEL standard. These extensions form the so-called BIS-Grid en-gine consisting of UNICORE 6 services and an arbitrary WS-BPEL en-gine. The design decision not to modify the WS-BPEL engine requires to address issues on Grid Service utilization and issues that result from the two-component architecture of the BIS-Grid engine directly in the process description. We address these issues by the application of WS-BPEL design patterns. In this paper we present our current work on WS-BPEL design patterns, and discuss their benefits and consequences in contrast to alternative solutions. 1
InP-GaAs fused vertical coupler filters (2002)

We demonstrate a novel vertical coupler structure based on wafer fusion technology that combines two different material systems: AlGaAs-GaAs with a low material dispersion at 1.55 /spl mu/m and InGaAsP-InP with a high material dispersion. With a proper design, a very narrowband and polarization independent monolithic filter with separated inputs and outputs can be realized.
Gold-Catalyzed Benzylic Azidation of Phthalans and Isochromans and Subsequent FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitutions (2015)

The benzylic positions of the phthalan and isochroman derivatives (1) as benzene-fused cyclic ethers effectively underwent gold-catalyzed direct azidation using trimethylsilylazide (TMSN3) to give the corresponding 1-azidated products (2) possessing the N,O-acetal partial structure. The azido group of the N,O-acetal behaved as a leaving group in the presence of catalytic iron(III) chloride, and 1-aryl or allyl phthalan and isochroman derivatives were obtained by nucleophilic arylation or allylation, respectively. Meanwhile, a double nucleophilic substitution toward the 1-azidated products (2) occurred at the 1-position using indole derivatives as a nucleophile accompanied by elimination of the azido group and subsequent ring opening of the cyclic ether nucleus produced the bisindolylarylmethane derivatives.
Measuring the depth of surface cracks using alternating current potential drop technique, with suppression of the influence of the electromagnetic properties of the metal (2021)

Abstract Traditional measuring techniques often lead to errors due to the need to register signals in both defective and defect-free areas. In this paper, we introduce an alternating current potential drop technique with detuning from the influence of variations in the electromagnetic properties of the metal achieved by registering a signal only at the defective site. We show that, with an appropriate choice of measurement parameters, the use of the proposed technique leads to an increase in sensitivity to the crack depth as well as to an increase in the measurement range.