gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of plant surface microstructure and material on attachment of pathogenic bacteria. (2008)

Consumption of fresh vegetables contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria has caused many recent outbreaks of foodborne diseases. To avoid further outbreaks, the nature of the bacterial attachment to vegetable surface has been extensively studied in hope of finding a way to prevent the attachment. Nevertheless, the studied natural plant surfaces contain uncontrolled variables of both materials and microstructures, which result in doubtful deductions of the attachment nature. Our goal is to understand how plant surface material and microstructure affect bacterial attachment by using artificial plant surfaces, which contain various microstructures and is coated with selected organic materials, to mimic natural plant surfaces. The microstructures with desired dimensions and shapes require the microfabrication technology. Paraffin wax and pectin are the selected organic materials. The fabricated surfaces attached by the bacteria will also be washed by water to further examine the bacteria’s attachment strength. Finally, selected strains of the bacteria with different biomolecular attachment factors will be allowed to attach on the artificial plant surfaces. Then their different attachment capabilities under different surface conditions will be evaluated.
Medium-Throughput Production of Recombinant Human Proteins: Protein Production in Insect Cells (2013)

This chapter describes the step-by-step methods employed by the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) for screening and producing proteins in the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). This eukaryotic expression system was selected and a screening process established in 2007 as a measure to tackle the more challenging kinase, RNA-DNA processing and integral membrane protein families on our target list. Here, we discuss our platform for identifying soluble proteins from 3 ml of insect cell culture and describe the procedures involved in producing protein from liter-scale cultures. Although not discussed in this chapter, the same process can also be applied to integral membrane proteins (IMPs) with slight adaptations to the purification procedure.
The Early Differential Diagnosis of Postoperative Anuria Using the Radioactive Renogram: An Experimental Study (1961)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1961The Early Differential Diagnosis of Postoperative Anuria Using the Radioactive Renogram: An Experimental Study Vincent J. O’Conor, Joseph V. Libretti, and John T. Grayhack Vincent J. O’ConorVincent J. O’Conor More articles by this author , Joseph V. LibrettiJoseph V. Libretti More articles by this author , and John T. GrayhackJohn T. Grayhack More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)65154-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1961 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byFujita K, Nakauchi K, Matsumoto K, Nakanishi T, Kasamatsu T and Oyamada H (2018) Correlation between Radioisotope Renographic Findings and Results after Relief of Ureteral ObstructionJournal of Urology, VOL. 107, NO. 1, (23-25), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1972. Smith P and Smith A (1968) I 131 HIPPURAN RENOGRAPHY: An Evaluation with Observations on Technique and Interpretation British Journal of Urology, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11841.x, VOL. 40, NO. 5, (501-514), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1968. Trinkle J and Kiser W (2018) Acute Renal Failure: Diagnosis of Etiology by Radioisotope RenographyJournal of Urology, VOL. 91, NO. 3, (199-202), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1964.Sigman E, Kutzman N and Brown B (2018) Serial Radioisotope Renocystography in Acute Renal Failure Following Retrograde PyelographyJournal of Urology, VOL. 90, NO. 1, (28-33), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1963. Wedeen R, Goldstein M and Levitt M (1963) The radioisotope renogram in normal subjectsThe American Journal of Medicine, 10.1016/0002-9343(63)90085-8, VOL. 34, NO. 6, (765-774), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1963. Gerbie A and Flanagan C (1962) Gynecologic applications of the radioisotope renogramAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10.1016/0002-9378(62)90470-2, VOL. 84, NO. 12, (1838-1846), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1962. Gerbie A and O'conor V (2016) Gynecologic Ureteral InjuryPostgraduate Medicine, 10.1080/00325481.1962.11692697, VOL. 32, NO. 4, (335-338), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1962. Wax S, Frank I and McDonald D (2018) The Usefulness of the Radioactive Hippuran Renogram in the Differential Diagnosis of AzotemiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 88, NO. 3, (433-437), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1962. Gerbie A, Flanagan C and Woodbury L (1962) Pre- and postoperative ureteral dysfunctionAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10.1016/0002-9378(62)90210-7, VOL. 83, NO. 9, (1138-1149), Online publication date: 1-May-1962. Volume 86Issue 2August 1961Page: 276-279 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1961 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Vincent J. O’Conor More articles by this author Joseph V. Libretti More articles by this author John T. Grayhack More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Insight into Non-COX-2 Pharmacological Effect of some Coxibs (2008)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation, but numerous well-described adverse drug reactions (ADRs) limit their use. These drugs act via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme of which at least two isoforms were described: COX-1 which plays important roles in homeostatic processes such as thrombogenesis and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys and COX-2 expressed in pathological conditions such as inflammation or cancer proliferation. Selective COX-2 inhibitors or "coxibs" were initially developed as a therapeutic strategy to avoid not only the gastrointestinal but also the renal and cardiovascular side effects of non specific NSAIDs. However, this class of drug did not fulfill all their promises. Indeed, numerous unexpected side effects have limited their use and some of them have been withdrawn or suspended from the market for different safety reasons including cardiovascular, hepatic and skin adverse reactions. For instance, cardiovascular warnings have been applied to the whole class of coxibs and more recently for all classical NSAIDs as well. However, differences in the chemical structures should be taken into consideration in order to discriminate between coxibs and the development of some ADRs of which renal events and hypertension. The aim of this paper is to focus on the differences in chemical structures of all marketed COX-2 inhibitors and their unexpected effects on carbonic anhydrase in order to provide non-COX-2 mechanistic insights into some of the differences observed between coxibs.
Studies of Dithiobiurets. III. The Preparation and Properties of 3,5-Disubstituted 3H-1,2,4-Dithiazoles (1972)

Abstract 3,5-Disubstituted 3H-1,2,4-dithiazoles were prepared by the oxidation of dithiobiurets, S-benzylisodithiobiurets, and alkyl trithioallophanates, and then 3-acyl or carbamoylimino derivatives were obtained by the direct acylation or carbamoylation of the dithiazole salts. From the spectral data of these compounds, it is concluded that the carbonyl group affects the pseudoaromatic character of the dithiazole ring system.
First isolation, identification and characterisation of Tenacibaculum maritimum in Norway, isolated from diseased farmed sea lice cleaner fish Cyclopterus lumpus L (2016)

The use of cleaner fish as biological controls of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) has increased exponentially in the last decade in Norwegian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production. This alternative to chemical treatments has resulted in the emergence of lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) hatcheries and culture facilities in Norway. It has been shown that the use of lumpsuckers can be an effective, biological approach for the removal of salmon lice, but it has also been shown that there are a number of biological challenges (i.e. parasites and bacteria) with the production and use of these fish. This study describes the first case of isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum, a significant fish pathogen worldwide, in cultured juvenile lumpsuckers in Norway. The fish were lethargic and showed skin lesions characterised by increased mucus production and presence of whitish necrotic tissue especially in the head region. Skin scrapings revealed large amounts of bacteria dominated by rod-shaped Tenacibaculum-like bacteria, which were shown to be closely related to T. maritimum type strain through genetic and phenotypic characterisation. Histopathological analysis showed that the bacteria was closely associated with the pathology and therefore could be contributing to the disease and/or mortality. This is the first isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum in Norway and in lumpsuckers, a major aquaculture pathogen worldwide. There is a need for increased knowledge of the biological challenges facing cultured lumpsuckers, as this species is being used in increasing number by the Norwegian salmon industry.
EPRI/DOE High-Burnup Fuel Sister Rod Test Plan Simplification and Visualization (2017)

The EPRI/DOE High-Burnup Confirmatory Data Project (herein called the “Demo”) is a multi-year, multi-entity test with the purpose of providing quantitative and qualitative data to show if high-burnup fuel mechanical properties change in dry storage over a ten-year period. The Demo involves obtaining 32 assemblies of high-burnup PWR fuel of common cladding alloys from the North Anna Nuclear Power Plant, loading them in an NRC-licensed TN-32B cask, drying them according to standard plant procedures, and then storing them on the North Anna dry storage pad for ten years. After the ten-year storage time, the cask will be opened and the mechanical properties of the rods will be tested and analyzed.
Ensuring Well-Behaved Usage of APIs through Syntactic Constraints (2008)

Libraries are the most widespreaded form of software reuse. In order to properly use a library API, its clients should fulfill a series of (many times implicit) assumptions made by the API programmers. Failing to fulfill these assumptions leads to a misuse of the library and thereby to defects in the client's code. In this paper we present a method for checking a well-behaved usage of an API through a set of context-sensitive syntactic constraints over the API clients. These constraints restrict the set of programs that can be written with an API only to programs that fulfill the API assumptions and thereby represent a well-behaved and valid usage of the API. In this paper we present a set of typical assumption classes made by API providers about their clients. We define a framework for formalizing the context- sensitive constraints over the API client code and propose a typical constraint for each class of assumptions. Thereby we provide a mechanism that allows the provider of an API to describe the knowledge of how an API is intended to be used in an automatically checkable form. We present our experience with parts of the Java Standard APIs.
Application of the Friedel sum rule to symmetric molecular conductors (1997)

Recent developments in nanotechnology have made it possible to measure the resistance of individual molecular wires self-assembled between two metallic pads. In this paper we present a simple expression for the resistance of a symmetric molecule in terms of a set of M phase shifts, M being the number of conducting channels connecting the molecule to the metallic pads. These phase-shifts are related by a sum rule to ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{d}}$=${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{even}}$-${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{odd}}$, where ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{even}}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{odd}}$ are the number of electrons occupying the even and odd eigenstates respectively. For many molecular wires of interest all the phase shifts are nearly zero except for one (per spin), allowing us to write a particularly simple relation for the resistance: ${\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$=(${2\mathrm{e}}^{2}$/h)sin $^{2}$(\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{d}}$/2). The relations presented here are based on the Friedel sum rule and should be valid even in the presence of interactions.
New constraints on the evolution of the stellar-to-dark matter connection: A combined analysis of galaxy-galaxy lensing, clustering, and stellar mass functions from z=0.2 to z=1 (2012)

Using data from the COSMOS survey, we perform the first joint analysis of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, galaxy spatial clustering, and galaxy number densities. Carefully accounting for sample variance and for scatter between stellar and halo mass, we model all three observables simultaneously using a novel and self-consistent theoretical framework. Our results provide strong constraints on the shape and redshift evolution of the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR) from z = 0.2 to z = 1. At low stellar mass, we find that halo mass scales as Mh vpropM 0.46 * and that this scaling does not evolve significantly with redshift from z = 0.2 to z = 1. The slope of the SHMR rises sharply at M * > 5 × 1010 M sun and as a consequence, the stellar mass of a central galaxy becomes a poor tracer of its parent halo mass. We show that the dark-to-stellar ratio, Mh /M *, varies from low to high masses, reaching a minimum of Mh /M * ~ 27 at M * = 4.5 × 1010 M sun and Mh = 1.2 × 1012 M sun. This minimum is important for models of galaxy formation because it marks the mass at which the accumulated stellar growth of the central galaxy has been the most efficient. We describe the SHMR at this minimum in terms of the "pivot stellar mass," M piv *, the "pivot halo mass," M piv h , and the "pivot ratio," (Mh /M *)piv. Thanks to a homogeneous analysis of a single data set spanning a large redshift range, we report the first detection of mass downsizing trends for both M piv h and M piv *. The pivot stellar mass decreases from M piv * = 5.75 ± 0.13 × 1010 M sun at z = 0.88 to M piv * = 3.55 ± 0.17 × 1010 M sun at z = 0.37. Intriguingly, however, the corresponding evolution of M piv h leaves the pivot ratio constant with redshift at (Mh /M *)piv ~ 27. We use simple arguments to show how this result raises the possibility that star formation quenching may ultimately depend on Mh /M * and not simply on Mh , as is commonly assumed. We show that simple models with such a dependence naturally lead to downsizing in the sites of star formation. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in the context of popular quenching models, including disk instabilities and active galactic nucleus feedback.
Interfacial effects on the NMR of composite polymers (1979)

Abstract Several NMR experiments can provide estimates of the scale of spatial inhomogeneity in solid materials in the range of nanometers to microns. The effects underlying these experiments their interpretation, and models used in their interpretation are discussed and illustrated with applications to polymers. Examples chosen from the literature include semicrystalline polymers (polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene), filled elastomers (carbon‐filled butadiene), copolymers (styrene: butadiene, dimethylsiloxane: bisphenol‐A polycarbonate, polyurethane) and blends (polymethylmethacrylate‐polystyreneacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride‐polymethylmethacrylate). Comparison of examples directs attention to the similarity in anisotropic motional behavior of highly constrained interfacial material in semicrystalline and filled polymers. While no one experiment is applicable to all dimensions, or all systems, NMR has proven especially useful for dimensions in the range of tens of nanometers, where other techniques are often less revealing.
Tests of a Novel Ceiling Panel for Maintaining Space Relative Humidity by Moisture Transfer from an Aqueous Salt Solution (2010)

Radiant ceiling panels are used to heat and cool occupied spaces as they satisfy comfort conditions better than all-air systems. Radiant panels also consume less energy as fan size and heating and cooling loads are reduced. A disadvantage of radiant ceiling panels is the lack of control of the relative humidity (RH) in the space, which can affect comfort. The goal of this research is to create a new ceiling panel that can transfer both heat and moisture to maintain temperature and RH in a space. The heat and moisture transfer panel (HAMP) is constructed from a porous membrane and uses a salt solution as the transfer media. Tests have been run on the HAMP using different salt solutions and temperatures in order to determine the amount of moisture transferred between the HAMP and the air. Given initially dry air, the HAMP is able to increase the RH of the air up to 15 % RH with water and up to 7.8 % RH with a salt solution. This results in a change in humidity ratio of 2.7 g/kg with water and 1.3 g/kg with a salt solution.
THE MICROCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE IN CELL WALLS OF COTTON, RAMIE, AND JUTE FIBERS AS REVEALED BY NEGATIVE STAINING OF SECTIONS (1966)

With a new technique of negative staining of sections, it has been possible to observe directly, in ultrathin sections under the electron microscope, the original microcrystalline and microfibrillar structure of cellulose as it occurs in living cells. This method has advantages over the study of isolated fibers used so far by others, in that the original arrangement of microfibrils is better preserved, and their collapse into larger fibrillar units is prevented. With this method, the cell walls of ramie, jute, and cotton fibers have been studied. The size (diameter, 25 to 40 A) and the longitudinal periodicity observed in the single microfibrils and the orientation and spatial arrangement of the microcrystallite within the microfibrils are found to correspond with the latest models derived by others from data obtained by indirect methods such as X-ray diffraction. The microfibril size of about 35 A, found by measuring these structures in sections, agrees with the latest conclusions reached by others in recent work with isolated fibrils.
Measuring the Impact of Emotions on Decision-Making in Electronic Markets: A Physio-Economic Approach (2009)

Marc T. P. Adama, Matthias Gamerb, Stefan Heyc, Wolfgang Ketterd, Christof Weinhardta aInstitute of Information Systems and Management, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany bDepartment of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany cResearch Group Body and Mind Monitoring, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany dRotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
DNA minor groove hydration probed with 4’-alkylated thymidines (2002)

Employing modified oligonucleotides that are 4'-alkylated site-specifically we investigated the involvement of DNA minor groove hydration on DNA duplex stability and helix conformation.
Virtual Communities of Transaction: The Role of Personalization in Electronic Commerce (2000)

Bringing communities of buyers and sellers together in the arena of electronic commerce stimulates three major potentials: the building of trust, the collection and effective use of community knowledge and the economic impacts of accumulated buying power. In this context, we introduce the concept of Virtual Communities of Transaction and review important personalization approaches which we may utilize in their design: collaborative filtering, data mining, and techniques to optimize the user interface and the underlying product offerings. The key contributions of this paper are the elaboration of Virtual Communities, the presentation of a categorization scheme for different types of communities, the identification of classes of member profiles, and the innovative concept of community products. We conclude with the case of the Amazon.com Recommendation Center to illustrate key design ideas and discuss an evolutionary application, the Participatory Product Catalogue.
Regulation of basal adenylate cyclase activity in neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid, NG108-15, cells transfected to express the human β 2 adrenoceptor: evidence for empty receptor stimulation of the adenylate cyclase cascade (1994)

Clones of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid, NH108-15, cells expressing differing levels of the human beta 2 adrenoceptor were isolated. Two clones were examined in detail, beta N22 which expressed some 4000 fmol/mg of membrane protein and clone beta N17 which expressed approx. 300 fmol/mg of membrane protein of the receptor. In beta N22 cells 'basal' adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of Mg2+ was significantly greater than that in wild-type NG108-15 or beta N17 cells. Both isoprenaline and iloprost were able to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in each of beta N22 and beta N17 membranes. However, the EC50 for isoprenaline stimulation of adenylate cyclase in membranes of beta N22 cells (6 nM) was significantly lower than that in membranes of beta N17 cells (80 nM), whereas the EC50 for iloprost stimulation of adenylate cyclase (approx. 25 nM) was the same in the two clones and in parental NG108-15 cells. The high basal adenylate cyclase activity of beta N22 cell membranes was not a reflection of higher levels of expression of the adenylate cyclase catalytic unit, as adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of Mn2+ was equivalent in membranes of each of wild-type NG108-15 cells and clones beta N22 and beta N17. Basal adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of Mg2+ in clone beta N22 was significantly reduced, however, by the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol, whereas this agent was without effect on basal adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of wild-type NG108-15 cells. These data indicate that the elevated basal adenylate cyclase cascade in NG108-15 cells expressing high levels of the beta 2 adrenoceptor represents empty receptor activation of the signalling cascade.
FATIGUE GROWTH OF PHYSICALLY SMALL INCLINED CRACKS (1993)

Abstract The growth of physically small, self initiated, inclined corner and through‐the‐width cracks is investigated in a carbon steel under tension fatigue ( R = 0.05). A preliminary procedure involving crack initiation under far‐field cyclic compression is used. This precracking method is adopted to minimize the effect of residual damage at the tip of the crack grown (and arrested) under cyclic compression. Thus, the subsequent tensile fatigue crack propagates through a region with no (or very small) residual stress or damage. Experiments indicate that the early growth rate of the inclined corner cracks is discontinuous with a few decelerations. During the intermittent propagation period the corner cracks only extend into the thickness (depth) of the specimen and do not propagate along the width direction. However, after reaching a certain aspect ratio, the inclined flaws grow in a steady (continuous) manner in both the thickness and width directions. Through‐the‐width cracks, both inclined and perpendicular to loading direction, do not show the discontinuous growth pattern typical of the inclined corner cracks, but exhibit only one minimum in the crack growth rate behaviour.