gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

In the field of computer vision, super-resolution reconstruction techniques based on deep learning have undergone considerable advancement; however, certain limitations remain, such as insufficient feature extraction and blurred image generation. To address these problems, we propose an image super-resolution reconstruction model based on a generative adversarial network. First, we employ a dual network structure in the generator network to solve the problem of insufficient feature extraction. The dual network structure is divided into an upsample subnetwork and a refinement subnetwork, which upsample and optimize a low-resolution image, respectively. In a scene with large upscaling factors, this structure can reduce the negative effect of noise and enhance the utilization of high-frequency details, thereby generating high-quality reconstruction results. Second, to generate sharper super-resolution images, we use the perceptual loss, which exhibits a fast convergence and excellent visual effect, to guide the generator network training. We apply the ResNeXt-50-$32\times 4\text{d}$ network, which has few parameters and a large depth, to calculate the loss to obtain a reconstructed super-resolution image that is highly realistic. Finally, we introduce the Wasserstein distance into the discriminator network to enhance the discrimination ability and stability of the model. Specifically, this distance is employed to eliminate the activation function in the last layer of the network and avoid the use of the logarithm in calculating the loss function. Extensive experiments on the DIV2K, Set5, Set14, and BSD100 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Mast cell activation syndromes: definition and classification (2013)

Mast cell activation (MCA) occurs in a number of different clinical conditions, including IgE-dependent allergies, other inflammatory reactions, and mastocytosis. MCA-related symptoms may be mild, moderate, severe, or even life-threatening. The severity of MCA depends on a number of different factors, including genetic predisposition, the number and releasability of mast cells involved in the reaction, the type of allergen, presence of specific IgE, and presence of certain comorbidities. In severe reactions, MCA can be documented by a substantial increase in the serum tryptase level above baseline. When symptoms are recurrent, are accompanied by an increase in mast cell-derived mediators in biological fluids, and are responsive to treatment with mast cell-stabilizing or mediator-targeting drugs, the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is appropriate. Based on the underlying condition, these patients can further be classified into i) primary MCAS where KIT-mutated, clonal mast cells are detected, ii) secondary MCAS where an underlying inflammatory disease, often in the form of an IgE-dependent allergy, but no KIT-mutated mast cells, is found, and iii) idiopathic MCAS, where neither an allergy or other underlying disease, nor KIT-mutated mast cells are detectable. It is important to note that in many patients with MCAS, several different factors act together to lead to severe or even life-threatening anaphylaxis. Detailed knowledge about the pathogenesis and complexity of MCAS, and thus establishing the exact final diagnosis, may greatly help in the management and therapy of these patients.
p53-Induced Gene Expression Analysis (2003)

Researchers in the p53 field have successfully used many high-throughput screening technologies to analyze and characterize p53-induced gene expression. This chapter will focus on one such technology, the Affymetrix GeneChip. DNA-Chip technology has grown rapidly over the last several years. The ability to hybridize RNA from a sample to thousands to tens of thousands of known and unknown cDNAs spotted on a microarray chip has led to the explosion of information ranging from macro-global expression pattern changes to micro-gene-specific expression changes. The relative ease of making a nonradioactive probe from either total RNA or mRNA to be hybridized to a GeneChip makes microarray technology highly attractive.
A Comprehensive Study ofCandida‐Specific Antibodies in the Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2002)

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common oral opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. Although most cases of OPC correlate with reduced systemic levels of CD4(+) T cells, the role of humoral immunity in protection against mucosal candidiasis, including OPC, remains questionable. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of saliva from 33 HIV-negative and 68 HIV-positive individuals, stratified by OPC status and peripheral CD4(+) cell count, was conducted to measure levels of total and Candida-specific immunoglobulin A(IgA) and IgG antibodies, including subclasses and secretory IgA. Despite changes in total immunoglobulin levels, when levels of Candida-specific antibodies were normalized to total protein or total immunoglobulin of the corresponding isotype, no distinct differences in IgG (including subclasses), IgA (including subclasses), or secretory IgA levels were seen, regardless of HIV status, OPC status, or CD4(+) cell count. These data suggest that when a complete repertoire of antibodies is evaluated, with appropriate normalization of data, there is no evidence of appreciable changes in levels of Candida-specific antibodies in saliva that would account for the prevalence of OPC among HIV-positive individuals.
Optimizing software packages for application management (2008)

Application lifecycle management (ALM) provides a wholistic approach to software products, from product requirements through operations. The advent of software product lines (SPLs) such as Microsoftpsilas Visual Studio creates challenges for ALM since product codes are combined in various ways to produce different customer releases or SKUs. This paper proposes an approach to making packaging decisions for SPLs. We begin by showing how industry best practices for application management as described in the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) should be extended to include packaging. Next, we develop a cost model and several algorithms that quantify the trade-offs between vendor costs and customer costs. Ideally, we want a packaging scheme that has the smallest customer cost at a given vendor cost. Unfortunately, finding this optimal trade-off by exhaustive search has computational complexity greater than O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> ), where n is the number of SKUs. We develop a ldquogreedyrdquo algorithm that iteratively selects SKUs to place in the same package so that the smallest packaging overheads result. This approach has complexity O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ). Our studies of Visual Studio SKUs show that the trade-offs produced by the greedy algorithm converge rapidly to the optimal trade-offs as we increase the number of packages in a packaging scheme.
Nanowire Mechanical Switch with a Built‐In Diode (2010)

A nanoelectromechanical switch consists of two landing electrodes on either side of a movable silicon nanowire, separated by a nanoscale air gap. The bistable mechanical state of the nanowire determines an on/off state, which is sensed by measuring the contact resistance. The n-type semiconductor electrodes and p-type nanowire form a p–n junction diode at the cross-point. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Methodology for Estimating the Parameters of a Gamma Raindrop Size Distribution Model from Polarimetric Radar Data: Application to a Squall-Line Event from the TRMM/Brazil Campaign (2002)

A methodology is proposed for estimating the parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution model from radar measurements of Z h , Z dr , and K dp at S band. Previously developed algorithms by Gorgucci et al. are extended to cover low rain-rate events where both Z dr and K dp are noisy. Polarimetric data from the Sband Dual-Polarization Doppler Radar (S-Pol) during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/ Brazil campaign are analyzed; specifically, the gamma parameters are retrieved for samples of convective and trailing stratiform rain during the 15 February 1999 squall-line event. Histograms of N w and D o are retrieved from radar for each rain type and compared with related statistics reported in the literature. The functional behavior of N w and D o versus rain rate retrieved from radar is compared against samples of 2Dvideo and RD-69 disdrometer data obtained during the campaign. The time variation of N w , D o , and averaged over a 5 km 5 km area (within which a network of gauges and a profiler were situated) is shown to illustrate temporal changes associated with the gamma parameters as the squall line passed over the network. The gauge-derived areal rainfall over the network is compared against radar using the areal dp method, and the concept of an effective slope of a linear axis ratio versus diameter model is shown to significantly reduce the bias in radar-derived rainfall accumulation.
Positive pulsed corona discharge process for simultaneous removal of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ from iron-ore sintering flue gas (1999)

We investigated the application of pulsed corona discharge process to the removal of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ from industrial flue gas of an iron-ore sintering plant. The study was performed on a pilot scale, which is the most advanced demonstration of this process. The flow rate of 5000 m/sup 3//h of the flue gas was successfully treated. The electrode structure of the corona reactor is the same as that of the conventional electrostatic precipitator. We made use of magnetic pulse compression technology to produce repetitive high voltage pulses. The pulse width (full width at half maximum) was reduced to less than 1 /spl mu/s by connecting a resister in parallel with the corona reactor. An inductor was added to the resister in series to minimize the loss by restricting the current flowing through the resister. By this method, we were able to deliver pulse power with peak voltage of 110 kV and peak current of 2.3 kA to the corona reactor. Chemical additives such as ammonia (NH/sub 3/) and propylene (C/sub 3/H/sub 6/) were used to increase the removal efficiencies of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/.
Depressive-like behaviors induced by somatostatin-positive GABA neuron silencing are rescued by alpha 5 GABA-A receptor potentiation (2020)

Abstract Introduction Deficits in somatostatin-positive gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons (“SST+ cells”) are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a causal link between SST+ cell dysfunction and depressive-like deficits has been proposed, based on rodent studies showing that chronic stress induces a low SST+ GABA cellular phenotype across corticolimbic brain regions, that lowering Sst , SST+ cell, or GABA functions induces depressive-like behaviors, and that disinhibiting SST+ cell functions has antidepressant effects. Recent studies found that compounds preferentially potentiating receptors mediating SST+ cell functions with α5-GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulators (α5-PAMs) achieved antidepressant-like effects. Together, evidence suggests that SST+ cells regulate mood and cognitive functions that are disrupted in MDD and that rescuing SST+ cell function may represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Methods We developed a mouse model with chemogenetic silencing of brain-wide SST+ cells and employed behavioral characterization 30 min after acute or sub-chronic silencing to identify contributions to behaviors related to MDD. We then assessed whether an α5-PAM, GL-II-73, could rescue behavioral deficits induced by SST+ cell silencing. Results Brain-wide SST+ cell silencing induced features of stress-related illnesses, including elevated neuronal activity and plasma corticosterone levels, increased anxiety- and anhedonia-like behaviors, and impaired short-term memory. GL-II-73 led to antidepressant-like improvements among all behavioral deficits induced by brain-wide SST+ cell silencing. Conclusion Our data validate SST+ cells as regulators of mood and cognitive functions, support a role for SST+ cell deficits in depressive-like behaviors, and demonstrate that bypassing low SST+ cell function via α5-PAM represents a targeted antidepressant strategy. Significance Statement Human and animal studies demonstrate somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneuron (“SST+ cell”) deficits as contributing factors to the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). These changes involve reduced SST and GABAergic markers, occurring across corticolimbic brain regions. Studies have identified roles for SST+ cells in regulating mood and cognitive functions, but employed genetic or region-specific ablation that is not representative of disease-related processes. Here, we developed a chemogenetic mouse model of brain-wide low SST+ cell function. This model confirmed a role for SST+ cells in regulating anxiety- and anhedonia-like behaviors, overall behavioral emotionality, and impaired working memory. We next showed that a positive allosteric modulator at α5-GABA-A receptors (α5-PAM, GL-II-73) rescued behavioral deficits induced by low SST+ cell function. These findings support a central role for brain-wide low SST+ cell function in MDD and validate targeting α5-GABA-A receptors as a therapeutic modality across MDD symptom dimensions.
Design and Characterization of a 7.2 KW Solar Simulator (2015)

A 7.2 kW radiative solar simulator was designed in order to perform accelerated testing on absorber materials for concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Computer-aided design (CAD) software integrating a ray-tracing tool was used to select appropriate components and optimize their positioning in order to achieve the desired concentration. The simulator comprises four identical units, each made out of an ellipsoidal reflector, a metal halide lamp and an adjustable holding system. A single unit was characterized and shows an experimental average irradiance of 257 kW m−2 on a 25.4 mm (1 inch) diameter spot. Shape, spot size and average irradiance are in good agreement with the model predictions. The innovative four-lamp solar simulator potentially demonstrates peak irradiance of 1140 kW m−2 and average irradiance of 878 kW m−2 over a 25.4 mm diameter spot. The costs per radiative and electric watt are calculated at $2.31 W−1 and $1.99 W−1, respectively.
Immunohistochemistry accurately predicts FGFR3 aberrant expression and t(4;14) in multiple myeloma (2005)

The t(4;14) translocation detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an independent prognostic factor for an adverse outcome of multiple myeloma (MM). Because t(4;14) uniquely results in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) expression, decalcified, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies were immunostained for FGFR3, and its expression was correlated with the t(4;14) status. FISH detected t(4;14) in 16 (19%) of 85 MM patient specimens, and immunocytochemistry detected aberrant FGFR3 expression in 13 (15%). Twelve (75%) t(4;14)-positive cases expressed FGFR3, and 12 (92%) FGFR3-positive cases harbored a t(4;14). FGFR3 expression and t(4;14) were strongly correlated (P < .001). FGFR3 expression by immunohistochemistry was associated with the immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype (P < .001), a shorter progression-free survival (median, 11.5 versus 25.8 months; P < .001), and a shorter overall survival (median, 19.2 versus 46.3 months; P < .001).
Control strategy of an electrically actuated morphing flap for the next generation green regional aircraft (2018)

The design and application of adaptive devices are currently ambitious targets in the field of aviation research addressed at new generation aircraft. The development of intelligent structures involves aspects of multidisciplinary nature: the combination of compact architectures, embedded electrical systems and smart materials, allows for developing a highly innovative device. The paper aims to present the control system design of an innovative morphing flap tailored for the next generation regional aircraft, within Clean Sky 2 – Airgreen 2 European Research Scenario. A distributed system of electromechanical actuators (EMAs) has been sized to enable up to three operating modes of a structure arranged in four blocks along the chord-wise direction: &bull;overall camber-morphing; &bull;upwards/downwards deflection and twisting of the final tip segment. A state-of-art feedback logic based on a decentralized control strategy for shape control is outlined, including the results of dynamic stability analysis based on the blocks rational schematization within Matlab/Simulink&reg; environment. Such study has been performed implementing a state-space model, considering also design parameters as the torsional stiffness and damping of the actuation chain. The design process is flowing towards an increasingly “robotized” system, which can be externally controlled to perform certain operations. Future developments will be the control laws implementation as well as the functionality test on a real flap prototype.
Effect of the modification of aluminosilicate ash microsphere surfaces on physical-mechanical properties of polyurethane foam (2009)

The rigid polyurethane foam materials based on ODF-M complex oligoester filled by hollow silicaalumina microspheres with various surface nature were studied. Physical-mechanical properties of the obtained materials were studied.
Development of Novel Biological Response Modifiers Derived from Thalidomide. (1999)

There has been a resurgence of interest in thalidomide (N-α-phthalimidoglutarimide), a teratogenic hypnotic/sedative agent, in recent years due to its potential usefulness of the treatment of various diseases. The effectiveness of the drug has been attributed to its regulating activity on tumor necrosis factor alpha production. The regulating activity has been found to be bidirectional, depending on both cell-type and the cell-stimulator. The bidirectional activity was separated by structural development of the drug, resulting in novel, potent, and structurally new thalidomides. By further structural development, novel types of androgen antagonists and nonpeptide protease inhibitors have been derived. Some of the developed compounds have been found to elicit potent antiangiogenic activity and/or potent inhibitory activity on tumor cell invasion. The studies on these structural development and the expansion of biological activities is reviewed in relation to the structure-activity relationships.
Asymmetric resistive switching characteristics of In2O3:SiO2 cosputtered thin film memories (2014)

The authors report the fabrication and characterization of resistance switching for a resistance random access memory with a Ti/In2O3:SiO2/Pt structure. It was found that the device exhibited bipolar resistance switching behavior over one hundred switching cycles and showed stable retention characteristics for over 104 s under 100 mV stress condition. The asymmetric phenomenon of the carrier conduction mechanism at high resistance state was also explored by fitting the current–voltage (I–V) curves and explained by the schematic energy band diagram. It was also found that the switching behavior is due to the migration of oxygen ions and the formation of SiO2 with higher quality at the interface of top electrode and insulator.
Geographic information systems and pharmacoepidemiology: using spatial cluster detection to monitor local patterns of prescription opioid abuse (2010)

A better understanding of local risk distribution may have implications for response strategies to future introductions of prescription opioids.
Acid–base-sensitive allylic oxidation of 2-allylbenzoic acids to form phthalides (2020)

Allylic oxidation of 2-allylbenzoic acids to phthalides, instead of Wacker-type isocoumarins, was achieved with 1,2-bis(phenylsulfinyl)ethane palladium(ii) acetate (White catalyst) and oxygen in DMSO. The selective formation of 3-ethylidenephthalides or 3-vinylphthalides was controlled by the addition of acids or bases, and the reaction conditions were applied to substituted 2-allylbenzoic acids to generate corresponding phthalides selectively. Mechanistic studies, including the corresponding reaction of (E)-2-(1-propenyl)benzoic acid to 3-methylisocoumarin, isomerization reaction of 3-vinylphthalide to 3-ethylidenephthalide, and the kinetic isotope effect using 2-(1,1-d2-allyl)benzoic acid, revealed the competition between Wacker-type oxidation and allylic C-H cleavage, which is the key step to generating phthalides. A natural product, 3-ethyl-6-hydroxyphthalide, was prepared by this method.
Thermal management of machine compartment in a built-in refrigerator (2018)

In general a multi-door refrigerator machine compartment comprises of fan, condenser, compressor, control box, drain tray, and drain tubes. The performance of machine compartment depends upon the efficiency of heat extraction or heat exchange from heat generating components such as condenser and compressor. The efficiency of heat exchange can be improved by addressing two major factors, namely (1) Air bypass and (2) Hot air recirculation. The hot air recirculation in the machine compartment for builtin multi-door refrigerator configuration is the focus of this study. The results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations show that efficiency of heat exchange for built-in application is lower than that for free-standing configuration. Recirculation of hot air and reduction in airflow are the two major factors which contribute towards the variation in machine compartment performance. The CFD simulations were coupled with Partial Factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to systematically investigate the effect of variables such as (a) side gap and top gap between kitchen cabinetry and the refrigerator, (b) the baffle/flap (i.e. back and bottom of machine compartment) on the performance effectiveness of machine compartment. The results of the simulation provided critical design improvement directions resulting in performance improvement. Furthermore, the CFD simulation results were also compared to test data and the results compared favourably.
Identification of novel PAX6 mutations in two families with bilateral aniridia (1998)

We report two novel PAX6 mutations in aniridia patients of two Swiss pedigrees (We, Sc) which give rise to different phenotypes. An SSCP analysis of the PAX6 14 exons reveals electrophoretic mobility shifts exclusively in exons 5 and 12 of aniridia patients. As determined by bidirectional sequencing and restriction digest analysis, these shifts are caused by mono-allelic base transitions in exon 5 (c.547C→T; R44X; We) and intron 12 (IVS12+5G→A; Sc). Each mutation co-segregates with the trait in the affected family with complete penetrance. The Sc mutation in the splicing donor site of intron 12 may result in either intron inclusion or exon skipping, both giving rise to a truncated PAX6 protein which may retain a residual transactivating activity. In contrast, the We genetic alteration is a loss-of-function mutation leading to a more severe phenotype than that observed in the Sc pedigree. Hum Mutat 12:138, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.