gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary sphingolipids in colorectal cancer prevention (2002)

Sphingolipids are widespread membrane components that are found in all eukaryotic cells. They consist of a long chain sphingoid-base, usually sphingosine, which is acylated at the 2-amino position, forming a ceramide. All together, sphingolipids may represent the most structurally diverse category of lipids in nature. There is no known nutritional requirement for sphingolipids. Nonetheless, studies with experimental animals have shown that consumption of sphingolipids inhibits colon carcinogenesis, reduces serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevates high-density lipoproteins, which suggest that they are 'functional' components of food. In animal models (CF1 mice) sphingomyelin supplementation reduces the number of aberrant colonic crypt foci by approximately 70% and, with longer feeding, reduces the number of colonic adenocarcinomas. A possible mechanism of action of sphingolipids in suppressing colon carcinogenesis is that exogenously supplied sphingolipids bypass a sphingolipid signalling defect that is important in cancer (for example, a loss of cellular sphingomyelin turnover to produce ceramide and sphingosine). Indirect evidence suggests that sphingolipids can inhibit colon cancer in humans: sphingosine and ceramide induce apoptosis in a human adenocarcinoma cell line and feeding sphingolipids to Min mice reduces the number of colon tumours.
Design, synthesis and DNA cleaving profiles of hybrids containing the novel enediyne and naturally occurring DNA intercalates (1993)

The designed hybrids 5–11 containing the DNA cleavable enediyne 4 and naturally occurring DNA intercalators 12–18cleave DNA effectively under alkaline conditions without any additive; the hybrids 5 and 11 exhibit the strongest DNA-cleaving abilities with the identical high purine base (G>A) selectivities for their DNA-cleavage profiles.
DISCRETE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (1992)

A numerical technique is described for the analysis of multiple interacting deformable bodies undergoing large displacements and rotations. Each body is considered an individual discrete unit, which is idealized by a finite element model. Discrete finite element models interact with their surroundings through contact stresses, which are continually updated as the elements move and deform. The method of analysis consists of a finite element formulation based on a generalized explicit updated Lagrangian method. This formulation is a general finite element formulation, that permits the large deformation analysis of both continuum and discontinuum systems. Different validations of the proposed method of analysis, including cases that involve very large rotations, as well as some examples that demonstrate the application of the discrete finite element method to problems in rock mechanics are presented and discussed in the paper.
Ergodic Capacity and Outage Performance Analysis of Uplink Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA System (2020)

We propose an uplink full-duplex (FD) cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, where a dedicated Full-duplex (FD) relay is used to help two uplink users transmitting information to the base station. A novel FD relay transmission mode is proposed, in which the FD relay utilizes successive interference cancellation (SIC) and self-interference cancellation to decode two users symbols at the relay receiving antenna, and the relay transmitting antenna transmits superimposed signal to the base station using superposition coding. In this paper, we also consider a more realistic scenario where self-interference cancellation is imperfect. Hence, the residual-self interference exists. Moreover, the ergodic sum rate and the outage probability of the proposed system are investigated and the accurate analytical expressions are derived. Simulation results validate that, compared with the uplink half-duplex (HD) cooperative NOMA system and the uplink HD cooperative orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system, our proposed system obtains better performance of the ergodic sum rate and outage probability in the main signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime.
Sustaining Engineering Informatics: Toward Methods and Metrics for Digital Curation (2008)

Ensuring the long-term usability of engineering informatics (EI) artifacts is a challenge, particularly for products with longer lifecycles than the computing hardware and software used for their design and manufacture. Addressing this challenge requires characterizing the nature of EI, defining metrics for EI sustainability, and developing methods for long-term EI curation. In this paper we highlight various issues related to long-term archival of EI and describe the work towards methods and metrics for sustaining EI. We propose an approach to enhance the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) functional model to incorporate EI sustainability criteria, Digital Object Prototypes (DOPs), and end user access requirements. We discuss the end user’s requirements from the point of view of reference, reuse and rationale – the “3Rs” – to better understand the level of granularity and abstractions required in the definition of engineering digital objects. Finally we present a proposed case study and experiment.
Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Composition of the Wood of Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula and Populus tremula (2020)

Proportions of 13C/12C and 15N/14N isotopes were identified in different woody compartments of birch (Betula pendula Roth), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) trunks in preforest-steppe and pine-birch forests of the Middle Urals using mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed and interpreted from the perspective of the biochemical processes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves, cambial tissue, trunk wood, branches, roots, and soil. A lighter isotopic composition of carbon is characteristic of the leaves and trunk cambium. The trunk wood is characterized by a basal trend for 13C enrichment. The 13C/12C ratio corresponds to the nitrogen content in the trunk wood tissues, indicating metabolic control of carbon fractionation in woody plants. The isotope composition of nitrogen in the trunk cambium was significantly depleted in 15N (δ15N varies from –1.5 to –3.5‰) and δ13C (δ13C varies from –28.3 to –25.8‰). Meanwhile the sapwood (δ15N varies from –2.6 to 1‰ and δ13C varies from –27.5 to –27.1‰) and heartwood (δ15N varies from –2.5 to –3.5‰ and δ13C varies from –26 to –24.5‰) were more enriched in 15N and 13C. The significant difference between the values of 13C and 15N isotope discrimination consequently in the different woody compartments of trunk should be taken into account when interpreting data of wood organic matter in the context of paleoclimate.
What is frequent in a single graph (2007)

Abstract. The standard, transactional setting of pattern mining assumes that data is subdivided in transactions; the aim is to find patterns that can be mapped onto at least a minimum number of transactions. However, this setting can be hard to apply when the aim is to find graph patterns in databases consisting of large graphs. For instance, the web, or any social network, is a single large graph that one may not wish to split into small parts. The focus in network analysis is on finding structural regularities or anomalies in one network, rather than finding structural regularities common to a set of them. This requires us to revise the definition of key concepts in pattern mining, such as support, in the single-graph setting. Our contribution is a support measure that we prove to be computationally less expensive and often closer to intuition than other measures proposed. Further we prove several properties between these measures and experimentally validate the efficiency of our measure.
Antimicrobial functions of lactoferrin promote genetic conflicts in ancient primates and modern humans (2016)

ABSTRACT Lactoferrin is a multifunctional mammalian immunity protein that limits microbial growth through sequestration of nutrient iron. Additionally, lactoferrin possesses cationic protein domains that directly bind and inhibit diverse microbes. The implications for these dual functions on lactoferrin evolution and genetic conflicts with pathogens remain unclear. Here we show that lactoferrin has been subject to recurrent episodes of positive selection during primate divergence predominately at antimicrobial peptide surfaces consistent with long-term antagonism by pathogens. An abundant lactoferrin polymorphism in human populations and Neanderthals also exhibits signatures of positive selection across primates, linking ancient host-microbe conflicts to modern human genetic variation. Rapidly evolving sites in lactoferrin further correspond to molecular interfaces with pathogenic bacteria causing meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. Because microbes actively target lactoferrin to acquire iron, we propose that the emergence of antimicrobial activity provided a pivotal mechanism of adaptation sparking evolutionary conflicts via acquisition of new protein functions. AUTHOR SUMMARY Immunity genes can evolve rapidly in response to antagonism by microbial pathogens, but how the emergence of new protein functions impacts such evolutionary conflicts remains unclear. Here we have traced the evolutionary history of the lactoferrin gene in primates, which in addition to an ancient iron-binding function, acquired antimicrobial peptide activity in mammals. We show that, in contrast to the related gene transferrin, lactoferrin has rapidly evolved at protein domains that mediate iron-independent antimicrobial functions. We also find evidence of natural selection acting on lactoferrin in human populations, suggesting that lactoferrin genetic diversity has impacted the evolutionary success of both ancient primates and humans. Our work demonstrates how the emergence of new host immune protein functions can drastically alter evolutionary conflicts with microbes.
Preparation of poly(L‐lactide) film having high elastic recovery (2003)

Abstract Triacetin (TAC) is known as a lubricant of poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA), and it is used to improve the mechanical properties of PLLA. However, the compatibility of TAC with PLLA and the morphological changes induced by the addition of TAC to PLLA have not been clarified. This study investigates the effects of the addition of TAC on the morphological changes and physical properties of PLLA. We prepared the PLLA films containing a given amount of TAC by solvent‐cast blending with chloroform under a low temperature. From the investigation of the mechanical properties of the blends, it is found that the glass‐transition temperature of PLLA is remarkably decreased with an increasing amount of TAC, the blend films exhibit high elastic recovery, and the degree of the recovery increases linearly with the amount of TAC. The morphological changes exhibiting high elastic recovery are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 474–480, 2003
Laser‐Induced Plasmas for Broadband Cavity‐Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (2020)

Abstract The combination of cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) with the phenomenon of laser‐induced breakdown has yielded a variation of CEAS in which the emission from a laser‐induced plasma (LIP) is utilized as a pulsed incoherent broadband light source in the center of a high‐finesse optical cavity. In comparison to standard CEAS implementations, this approach places light directly inside the resonator without injection through the cavity mirrors. The broadband optical emission from the pulsed LIP facilitates the measurement of spectra through (i) time‐dependent cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) and (ii) intensity‐dependent incoherent broadband cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) methodologies. Additionally, from the broadband ring‐down time of light within the cavity, cavity mirror reflectivities may be calibrated in situ, thus enabling absolute extinction coefficient measurements with IBBCEAS. The IBBCEAS approach possesses numerous advantages over the CRDS approach in terms of measurement speed and achievable signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). However, it is limited by the presence of an offset in the measured absorption that arises due to the absorption of light that occurs between LIP formation and commencement of data collection. This offset motivated the development of a numerical correction procedure which allows spectra measured in this way to be corrected to improve their overall accuracy.
Deep Seismic Reflection Results from the Gulf of Mexico: Part I (1975)

Deep sounding seismic reflection data show undeformed reflectors at depths down to 11 kilometers beneath the continental rise and abyssal plain and 7 kilometers in basins of the lower slope. Weak reflectors are visible beneath the salt of the Sigsbee Scarp and within salt ridges separating the lower slope basins.
Magnetic ultra thin films, multilayers and surfaces : proceedings of Symposium E on Magnetic Ultra Thin Films, Multilayers, and Surfaces of the 1996 E-MRS Spring Conference, Strasbourg, France, June 4-7, 1996 (1997)

Nanowires, nanoparticles, nanostructuring ultrathin films and surfaces, characterization giant magnetoresistance coupling, tunnelling growth structure, magnetism growth, structure, magnetoresistance coupling, magnetic processes, magneto-optics.
AN ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS-BASED SENSING PLATFORM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL/SECURITY APPLICATIONS (2011)

Organic semiconducting material based sensors have been used for various environmental applications. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) also find their applications in explosive vapor detection and total ionizing radiation dose determination. OFETs using poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), a p-type organic semiconductor material and Cu II tetraphenylporphyrin ( CuTPP ) composite as their active material were investigated as sensors for detection of various nitro-based explosive vapors with greater than parts per billion sensitivity range. Significant changes, suitable for sensor response, were observed in ON current (Ion) and transconductance (gm) extracted from electrical characteristics of the OFET after exposure to vapors of various explosive compounds. However, a similar device response was not observed to strong oxidizing agents such as benzoquinone (BQ) and benzophenone (BP). Also, the use of organic semiconducting material sensors for determining total ionizing radiation dose was studied, wherein the conductivity of the material was measured as a function of total ionizing radiation dose. An organic semiconducting material resistor was exposed to γ-radiation and it was observed that the change in resistance was proportional to the ionizing radiation dose. Changes in various parameters extracted from electrical characteristics of the OFET after γ-radiation exposure resulted in an improved sensitivity. To protect the organic semiconductor layer from the degradation in the ambient the sensors were passivated with a thin layer of silicon nitride.
CT and MR Appearances of Parotid Pseudotumors is Sjögren Syndrome (1992)

The radiologic findings in eight patients with parotid pseudotumors associated with Sjögren syndrome (CT in eight; MRI in two) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the findings in three cases with malignant lymphomas. Diagnosis of pseudotumor was obtained by surgery in six cases and by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and radiologic follow-up in the remaining cases. Six cases (75%) had advanced disease and the remaining had early disease. Both solid (75%) and cystic (38%) masses were seen in the patients with pseudotumors. The masses were solitary in 25%, multiple in 75%, unilateral in 25%, and bilateral in 75%. All three lymphomas were solid masses. The lymphomatous masses were not reliably distinguished from the solid pseudotumors.
Multi-level block coded modulations for the Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

Block coded 8-phase differentially phase shift keyed (8-DPSK) modulations for the time selective Rayleigh fading channel are presented. These block coded modulations (BCMs) are based on multi-level code constructions and utilize short binary block codes as building blocks. All the block codes presented have a time diversity of at least 2. These codes are suited for communication systems with severe delay constraints such as speech transmission over digital cellular radio links. Block codes of length 4 to 16 symbols and rates of 1-3/4 to 2-9/16 bits/symbol are constructed using low complexity component block codes. The proposed schemes provide 10-14 dB channel SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) gain over uncoded 4-DPSK modulations at a bit error rate of 10/sup -3/. Additional gain is also obtained for a fraction of the data due to the unequal error protection nature of these codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Early warning of changing drinking water quality by trend analysis (2016)

Monitoring and control of water treatment plants play an essential role in ensuring high quality drinking water and avoiding health-related problems or economic losses. The most common quality variables, which can be used also for assessing the efficiency of the water treatment process, are turbidity and residual levels of coagulation and disinfection chemicals. In the present study, the trend indices are developed from scaled measurements to detect warning signs of changes in the quality variables of drinking water and some operating condition variables that strongly affect water quality. The scaling is based on monotonically increasing nonlinear functions, which are generated with generalized norms and moments. Triangular episodes are classified with the trend index and its derivative. Deviation indices are used to assess the severity of situations. The study shows the potential of the described trend analysis as a predictive monitoring tool, as it provides an advantage over the traditional manual inspection of variables by detecting changes in water quality and giving early warnings.
Slower Progression of HIV-1 Infection in Persons with GB Virus C Co-Infection Correlates with an Intact T-Helper 1 Cytokine Profile (2003)

GB virus C may immunologically interfere with progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS by maintaining an intact T-helper 1 cytokine profile.
Large-Volume Data Delivery from Low-Earth Orbit to Ground Using Efficient Single-Mode Optical Receivers (2016)

Space systems operating in low-Earth orbit are often constrained by how much data can be delivered from space to ground. Traditional data delivery approaches are often limited by either large link losses associated with transmission via a geosynchronous relay satellite or short contact times and spectrum-constrained data rates associated with direct-to-Earth radio-frequency links. Direct-to-Earth optical communication links from low-Earth orbit based on fiber telecommunications technologies that can operate at high data rates (> 100 Gb/s per wavelength channel) can enable the delivery of extremely large volumes of data from space to ground. We analyze the performance of such systems and discuss the performance gains that are enabled by coupling the received signal to an efficient single-mode-fiber-based receiver, even in the presence of turbulence-induced losses.
Design of a near-threshold digital LDO with fast transient response (2014)

A near-threshold digital LDO (DLDO) with fast transient response is presented in this paper. In order to improve settling time, a voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) with a new proposed delay cell is developed to enhance conversion gain. In addition, Vernier-delay-line-based time-to-digital convertor (TDC) is used to quantize phase from phase frequency detector (PFD). Furthermore, digital coarse and fine tunings are developed to control PMOS array. The test chip is designed in 90nm SPRVT CMOS and operates at 0.3–0.5V with output voltage of 0.25–0.45V. Simulation results show that current efficiency at 2.8mA is 99.6%. The settling time is only 8us and 12us when load current I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LOAD</inf> is 200uA and 2.8mA, respectively.
Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Calvarial Osteoblasts (2014)

This chapter describes the isolation and culture of neonatal mouse calvarial osteoblasts. This primary cell population is obtained by sequential enzymatic digestion of the calvarial bone matrix and is capable of differentiating in vitro into mature osteoblasts that deposit a collagen extracellular matrix and form mineralized bone nodules. Maturation of the cultures can be monitored by gene expression analyses and staining for the presence of alkaline phosphatase or matrix mineralization. This culture system, therefore, provides a powerful model to test how various experimental conditions, such as the manipulation of gene expression, may affect osteoblast maturation and/or function.
A new preclinical ultrasound platform for widefield 3D imaging of rodents (2018)

Noninvasive in vivo imaging technologies enable researchers and clinicians to detect the presence of disease and longitudinally study its progression. By revealing anatomical, functional, or molecular changes, imaging tools can provide a near real-time assessment of important biological events. At the preclinical research level, imaging plays an important role by allowing disease mechanisms and potential therapies to be evaluated noninvasively. Because functional and molecular changes often precede gross anatomical changes, there has been a significant amount of research exploring the ability of different imaging modalities to track these aspects of various diseases. Herein, we present a novel robotic preclinical contrast-enhanced ultrasound system and demonstrate its use in evaluating tumors in a rodent model. By leveraging recent advances in ultrasound, this system favorably compares with other modalities, as it can perform anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging and is cost-effective, portable, and high throughput, without using ionizing radiation. Furthermore, this system circumvents many of the limitations of conventional preclinical ultrasound systems, including a limited field-of-view, low throughput, and large user variability.
Organoboranes. 49. An examination of convenient procedures for the generation of borane and monoalkyl- and dialkylboranes from lithium borohydride and monoalkyl- and dialkylborohydrides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboranes. 49. An examination of convenient procedures for the generation of borane and monoalkyl- and dialkylboranes from lithium borohydride and monoalkyl- and dialkylborohydridesThomas E. Cole, Raman K. Bakshi, Morris. Srebnik, Bakthan. Singaram, and Herbert C. BrownCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 11, 2303–2307Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/om00142a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1096Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (669 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts