gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Based Model Predictive Controllers for Modular Multilevel Converters (2020)

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has attracted much attention for years due to its good performance in harmonics reduction and efficiency improvement. Model predictive control (MPC) based controllers are widely adopted for MMC because the control design is straightforward and different control objectives can be simply implemented in a cost function. However, the computational burden of MPC imposes limitations in the control implementation of MMC because of many possible switching states. To solve this, we design machine learning (ML) based controllers for MMC based on the data collection from the MPC algorithm. The ML models are trained to emulate the MPC controllers which can effectively reduce the computation burden of real-time control since the trained models are built with simple math functions that are not correlated with the complexity of the MPC algorithm. The ML method applied in this study is a neural network (NN) and there are two types of establishing ML controllers: NN regression and NN pattern recognition. Both are trained using the sampled data and tested in a real-time MMC system. A comparison of experimental results shows that NN regression has a much better control performance and lower computation burden than the NN pattern recognition.
Antibiotic resistance in the absence of antimicrobial use: mechanisms and implications (2008)

The selective pressure generated by the use of antibiotics in clinical, veterinary, husbandry and agricultural practices is considered the major factor responsible for the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria since the beginning of the antibiotic era. However, recent studies have consistently demonstrated that acquired resistance traits can also be found in bacteria isolated from humans and wild animals not subjected to significant antibiotic exposure and living in remote areas of the planet. The scope of this article is to review and discuss the current knowledge on this intriguing phenomenon, which underscores the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and bears some relevant implications to the design and success of resistance-control strategies.
<title>Image retrieval using color</title> (1998)

Traditional methods to compute color similarity based on color histogram own some disadvantages. For example, if the two images look very similar in color, their color similarity may be zero or very small because the intersection of their histograms may be null or the distance between their histograms may be very large. In this paper, we first propose a new definition of color similarity between two color images, then derive the formula of color similarity based on color histogram, which gets rid of the shortcomings of the traditional methods, at last present experimental results, which show that our method can provide satisfactory retrieval results.
Nanomedicine As a Strategy to Fight Thrombotic Diseases (2015)

This review highlights the preclinical and clinical research based on the use of nano- and micro-carriers in thrombolytic drug delivery. Ischemic heart and stroke caused by thrombosis are the main causes of death in the world. Because of their inactivation in the blood, high doses of thrombolytics are administered to patients, increasing the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Preclinical research conducted with lipid, polymer or magnetic nanoparticles loaded with thrombolytic drugs showed an enhancement of thrombolysis and a reduction of undesirable side effects. Targeted nanocarriers exhibited an increased accumulation into clot. Clinical trials were already conducted with lipid-based microbubbles combined with ultrasound and thrombolytic drug and showed thrombolysis improvement. Future validation of nanosystems is awaited in clinic. This research opens new strategies for the management of thrombotic diseases.
Schistosomiasis co‐infection in humans influences inflammatory markers in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2004)

Malaria and schistosomiasis are the two major parasite diseases present in developing countries. The epidemiological co-infection with schistosomiasis could influence the development of the physiological reaction associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in human. Most studies have demonstrated the association of circulating levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) and soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptors (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII) with the morbidity of malaria. In the present study, we showed that Schistosoma haematobium co-infection influences, in an age-dependent manner, the unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory circulating cytokines that play a key role during malaria infection. Indeed, children co-infected by S. haematobium have higher levels of IFN-gamma and sTNF-RII than children infected only by P. falciparum. In contrast, co-infected adults presented a significant increase of IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII rates and IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio. Taken together, this study indicates that schistosomiasis co-infection can unbalance the regulation of inflammatory factors in uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. The possible consequences of the schistosomiasis co-infection for age-dependent malaria morbidity are discussed.
Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover (2011)

Abstract The summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have affected the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic atmosphere–ice–ocean system. the impact of sea-ice changes on solar partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km × 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid for the years 1979–2007. Daily values of incident solar irradiance are obtained from NCEP reanalysis products adjusted by ERA-40, and ice concentrations are determined from passive microwave satellite data. the albedo of the ice is parameterized by a five-stage process that includes dry snow, melting snow, melt pond formation, melt pond evolution, and freeze-up. the timing of these stages is governed by the onset dates of summer melt and fall freeze-up, which are determined from satellite observations. Trends of solar heat input to the ice were mixed, with increases due to longer melt seasons and decreases due to reduced ice concentration. Results indicate a general trend of increasing solar heat input to the Arctic ice–ocean system due to declines in albedo induced by decreases in ice concentration and longer melt seasons. the evolution of sea-ice albedo, and hence the total solar heating of the ice–ocean system, is more sensitive to the date of melt onset than the date of fall freeze-up. the largest increases in total annual solar heat input from 1979 to 2007, averaging as much as 4%a –1 , occurred in the Chukchi Sea region. the contribution of solar heat to the ocean is increasing faster than the contribution to the ice due to the loss of sea ice.
Flow of Ideal Gas (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Flow of Gas in a Tube Pneumatic Parameters Relations Between Pneumatic Parameters References
Timing Yield-Aware Color Reassignment and Detailed Placement Perturbation for Bimodal CD Distribution in Double Patterning Lithography (2010)

Double patterning lithography (DPL) is in current production for memory products, and is widely viewed as inevitable for logic products at the 32 nm node. DPL decomposes and prints the shapes of a critical-layer layout in two exposures. In traditional single-exposure lithography, adjacent identical layout features will have identical mean critical dimension (CD), and spatially correlated CD variations. However, with DPL, adjacent features can have distinct mean CDs, and uncorrelated CD variations. This introduces a new set of “bimodal” challenges for timing analysis and optimization. We assess the potential impact of bimodal CD distribution on timing analysis and guardbanding, and find that the traditional “unimodal” characterization and analysis framework may not be viable for DPL. We propose new bimodal-aware timing analysis and optimization methods to improve timing yield of standard-cell based designs that are manufactured using DPL. Our first contribution is a DPL-aware approach to timing modeling, based on detailed analysis of cell layouts. Our second contribution is an integer linear programming-based maximization of “alternate” mask coloring of instances in timing-critical paths, to minimize harmful covariance and performance variation. Third, we propose a dynamic programming-based detailed placement algorithm that solves mask coloring conflicts and can be used to ensure “double patterning correctness” after placement or even after detailed routing, while minimizing the displacement of timing-critical cells with manageable engineering change order (ECO) impact. With a 45 nm library and open-source design testcases, our timing-aware recoloring and placement optimization together achieve up to 271 ps (respectively, 55.75 ns) reduction in worst (respectively, total) negative slack, and 70% (respectively, 72%) reduction in worst (respectively, total) negative slack variation, respectively.
Predicting Response to Fluoxetine in Geriatric Patients With Major Depression (1995)

No consensus exists regarding whether early response to an antidepressant strongly predicts a good outcome, what is the criterion for early response, or when to measure it. We hypothesized that early response (> or = 20% decrease in HAM-d21) after any of weeks 1, 2, or 3 of fluoxetine treatment of major depression in geriatric outpatients would predict a favorable outcome by week 6 or an earlier endpoint accurately enough for clinical use. We also hypothesized that the week 1, 2, and 3 percent changes in 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D21) would predict the percent change at week 6 (or endpoint) accurately enough for clinical use. We enrolled 671 elderly outpatients with unipolar DSM-III-R major depression in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine, 20 mg/day. For analysis, fluoxetine-treated patients were randomly divided into a development set (N = 154) for a preliminary test of our criteria and a validation set (N = 181) to validate the development data set's results. Early responders at weeks 1, 2, and 3 were statistically significantly more likely to experience marked improvement or remission than those lacking early response. However, at week 3, this criterion correctly classified only about three-fourths of patients with regard to marked improvement and only about two-thirds with regard to remission. Moreover, about one-third of patients predicted to experience marked improvement and about three-fifths of those predicted to remit did not. The continuous variable, percent change in HAM-D21, did not produce predictive results of any greater clinical utility. We believe that the sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate, and kappa of outcome predictions all should be reported in future studies. Without a full set of descriptive statistics, clinicians can be misled by statistically significant results.
Cavitation during Tensile Deformation of Polypropylene (2008)

The process of cavitation during tensile deformation of polypropylene was studied. It was shown that in injection-molded polypropylene samples cavities appear in the center of a sample shortly before yielding. With increasing deformation the cavities change their size, number, and orientation from elongated perpendicular to parallel to deformation. The cavitation process is visible also as a rapid increase of volume of deformed material. The cavitation could be suppressed by changing internal morphology of polypropylene by fast cooling. The samples prepared by compression molding followed by quenching, with less perfect crystals, were able to deform by plastic deformation of crystals without cavitation. However, for faster draw rate the cavitation in amorphous phase was preferred again due to stronger response of crystals.
Shale Gas Revolution: An Opportunity for the Production of Biobased Chemicals? (2013)

Saying a (bio)mass for the future: The shale gas revolution will strongly impact the availability of a number of key building blocks of the chemical industry, in particular butadiene and aromatics. These developments provide an opportunity for the on-purpose production of these bulk chemicals from renewable resources, such as biomass. Current efforts and developments from industry and academia in this direction are highlighted.
Data from Antisense Inhibition of Survivin Expression as a Cancer Therapeutic (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Survivin, a family member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins that is expressed during mitosis in a cell cycle–dependent manner and localized to different components of the mitotic apparatus, plays an important role in both cell division and inhibition of apoptosis. Survivin is expressed in a vast majority of human cancers, but not in normal adult tissues. Survivin expression is often correlated with poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancer patients. These features make survivin an attractive target against which cancer therapeutics could be developed. We have identified a survivin antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that potently downregulated survivin expression in human cancer cells derived from lung, colon, pancreas, liver, breast, prostate, ovary, cervix, skin, and brain as measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis. Specific inhibition of survivin expression in multiple cancer cell lines by this ASO (LY2181308) induced caspase-3–dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in the G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;‐M phase, and multinucleated cells. We also showed that inhibition of survivin expression by LY2181308 sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapeutic-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, in an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; human xenograft tumor model, LY2181308 produced significant antitumor activity as compared with saline or its sequence-specific control oligonucleotide and sensitized to gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Furthermore, we showed that this antitumor activity was associated with significant inhibition of survivin expression in these xenograft tumors. On the basis of these, LY2181308 is being evaluated in a clinical setting (Phase II) in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of prostate cancer. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(2); 221–32. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of the tumor inhibitory triterpenoid avicin G on cell integrity, cytokinesis, and protein ubiquitination in fission yeast (2005)

Avicins comprise a class of triterpenoid compounds that exhibit tumor inhibitory activity. Here we show that avicin G is inhibitory to growth of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. S. pombe cells treated with a lethal concentration of avicin G (20 microM) exhibited a shrunken morphology, indicating that avicin G adversely affects cell integrity. Cells treated with a sublethal concentration of avicin G (6.5 microM) exhibited a strong cytokinesis-defective phenotype (multiseptated cells), as well as cell morphology defects. These phenotypes bear resemblance to those resulting from loss of Rho1 GTPase function in S. pombe. Indeed, Rho1-deficient S. pombe cells were strongly hypersensitive to avicin G, suggesting that the compound may perturb Rho1-dependent processes. Consistent with previously observed effects in human Jurkat T cells, avicin G treatment resulted in hyperaccumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in S. pombe cells. Interestingly, proteasome-defective S. pombe mutants were not markedly hypersensitive to avicin G, whereas an anaphase-promoting complex (mitotic ubiquitin ligase) mutant exhibited avicin G resistance, suggesting that the increase in levels of ubiquitinated proteins resulting from avicin G treatment may be due to increased protein ubiquitination, rather than inhibition of 26S proteasome activity. Mutants defective in the cAMP/PKA pathway also exhibited resistance to avicin G. Our results suggest that S. pombe will be a useful model organism for elucidating molecular targets of avicin G and serve as a guide to clinical application where dysfunctional aspects of Rho and/or ubiquitination function have been demonstrated as in cancer, fibrosis, and inflammation.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-independent Non-genomic Signals Transit from the Androgen Receptor to Akt1 in Membrane Raft Microdomains (2007)

The serine-threonine kinase, Akt1/protein kinase Balpha is an important mediator of growth, survival, and metabolic signaling. Recent studies have implicated cholesterol-rich, lipid raft microdomains in survival signals mediated by Akt1. Here we address the role of lipid raft membranes as a potential site of intersection of androgenic and Akt1 signaling. A subpopulation of androgen receptor (AR) was found to localize to a lipid raft subcellular compartment in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Endogenous AR interacted with endogenous Akt1 preferentially in lipid raft fractions and androgen substantially enhanced the interaction between the two proteins. The association of AR with Akt1 was inhibited by the anti-androgen, bicalutamide, but was not affected by inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Androgen promoted endogenous Akt1 activity in lipid raft fractions, in a PI3K-independent manner, within 10 min of treatment. Fusion of a lipid raft targeting sequence to AR enhanced localization of the receptor to rafts, and stimulated Akt1 activity in response to androgen, while reducing the cells' dependence on constitutive signaling through PI3K for cell survival. These findings suggest that signals channeled through AR and Akt1 intersect by a mechanism involving formation within lipid raft membranes of an androgen-responsive, extranuclear AR/Akt1 complex. Our results indicate that cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains play a role in transmitting non-genomic signals involving androgen and the Akt pathway in prostate cancer cells.
Wheeling around with Wanteat (2012)

Wanteat is a framework and a suite of applications which allow users to interact with and explore mixed social networks of smart objects and people in the gastronomy domain, thus promoting the cultural heritage of a territory. Wanteat interaction model is based on the concept of a "wheel" [1].
Everything a general paediatrician needs to know about primary immunodeficiencies (2020)

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are a heterogenous group of inherited diseases, arising from inborn errors of immunity. Although typically managed by specialist immunologists, general paediatricians are often the first point of referral for patients with clinical pictures that may be presentations of PID. Recurrent, severe or atypical infections are common, but autoimmunity, aberrant inflammation and malignancy may also occur. PID may occur with or without other syndromic features. Early diagnosis and implementation of treatment are important, particularly if curative bone marrow transplant is a possible treatment modality. Therefore, knowledge of PID phenotypes, recognition of presentations and an approach to investigation are essential. Advances in genetic testing have greatly enhanced the ability to diagnose PID and their underlying genetic defects.
Observations on the adherence of Proteus mirabilis onto polymer surfaces (2006)

Strategies to prevent the formation of crystalline biofilms on urinary catheters will need to consider both the properties of the surface-coatings and the requirement to prevent the alkaline conditions that induce crystal formation in urine.
Surface modification of polymers treated by various fluorinating media. (2013)

Fluorination processes of polymer surfaces are able to lead to drastic modifications of the surface properties without changing the bulk characteristics of the virgin material. In this paper, two types of polymers, i.e. ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), are considered. The surface of these materials have been modified using two different fluorination routes, both carried out at room temperature: the direct fluorination with 10% F2 + 90% He gaseous mixtures and the radio-frequency plasma-enhanced fluorination (PEF) using either O2/CF4 mixtures or c-C4F8. The effect of these processes on the surface of the polymer samples are compared using mostly XPS results. The different components of the C1s spectra are assigned in term of CFx bonding, giving valuable information on the surface fluorination rate.
Regulation of protein expression in differentiation by subunit assembly. Human membrane and secreted IgM. (1983)

Newly synthesized IgM heavy chains are either expressed as functional IgM or catabolized, depending on the stage of differentiation of the B cell. Heavy chains of the membrane type are rapidly degraded in pre-B cells, but expressed on the cell surface as monomeric IgM in resting and secreting B cells. Secreted-type heavy chains are catabolized in pre-B and resting B cells, but secreted as pentameric IgM by secreting B cells. The differences between the heavy chains that are expressed and those that are catabolized are post-translational. Stable membrane and secreted heavy chains have been covalently assembled with light chains, terminally glycosylated, and removed from intracellular proteases by insertion into the plasma membrane or by secretion. The carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin have been used here to determine the relative importance of these post-translational events in stabilizing newly synthesized heavy chains. Monensin and nigericin inhibited both the rates and extents of terminal glycosylation and of intracellular transport of these proteins, without affecting the covalent assembly processes. These ionophores did not affect the rate of catabolism of heavy chains in either a resting or a secreting B cell line. IgM heavy chains thus appear to be stabilized against intracellular proteolysis by full covalent assembly to monomeric membrane IgM and to secreted pentameric IgM. The fully assembled IgM can then be terminally glycosylated and transported to the cell surface.
Idiosyncratic Risk, Systematic Risk and Stochastic Volatility: An Implementation of Merton’s Credit Risk Valuation (2004)

We extend the credit risk valuation framework introduced by Gatfaoui to stochastic volatility models. We state a general setting for valuing risky debt in the light of systematic risk and idiosyncratic risk, which are known to affect each risky asset in the financial market. The option nature of corporate debt allows then to account for the well-known volatility smile along with two documented determinants, namely stochastic volatility and market risk. Under some regularity conditions, we specify diffusion functionals leading to an asymptotically (relative to time) mean reverting volatility process. The behavior of such a specification is studied along with simulation techniques since debt is valued via a call on the firm assets value. Specifically, our examination resorts to Monte Carlo accelerators to realize related simulations. First, we consider the evolution of stochastic volatility for given parameter values. Then, we assess its impact on both risky debt and the related credit spread.
An Iterative Rate-Control Technique for Motion JPEG2000 (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of controlling the bit rate for image sequences compressed using the Motion JPEG2000 Standard. We propose a computationally efficient iterative technique that is intended for applications where real time (or near real time) encoding is required. Using real world video sequences, we analyze the rate control accuracy and image quality performance of the proposed technique. Although the effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated on high action video sequences, the proposed technique is also applicable to other video sequence encoding applications such as security and surveillance systems or video over the internet.