gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POSS containing organometallic polymers: synthesis, characterization and solid-state pyrolysis behavior (2014)

For the first time, POSS moieties were introduced into an organometallic polymer to aid the formation of stable Co nanoparticles through the solid-state pyrolysis process. For comparison, its analogue without POSS groups (P1-Co) was also prepared. The results demonstrated that the introduction of POSS groups into the polymer (P2-Co) could effectively hinder cobalt nanoparticles from sintering into larger particles, even at high pyrolysis temperatures. Particularly, the silicon–oxygen cage of the POSS groups could be converted into SiOx, which covered on the surface of cobalt particles after pyrolysis. Thus, the obtained nanospheres had a unique Co@C–SiOx architecture with a much smaller and uniform size (∼8 nm), while the size of Co nanoparticles derived from P1-Co was in the range of 30 to 80 nm.
Commissioning of FEL-Based Coherent Electron Cooling System (2018)

In this talk we are presenting the most recent results from the commissioning of unique Coherent Electron Cooling system, which is using an FEL amplifier to facilitate cooling of hadrons by an electron beam. We present achieved results as well as changes we encountered in the process.
A Unified Gait Phase Estimation and Control of Exoskeleton using Virtual Energy Regulator (VER) (2022)

Virtual Energy Regulator (VER) is a time independent controller that can generate stable limit cycles in lower-limb exoskeleton devices. In this work, we apply VER to control a lower-limb exoskeleton for assistive walking. We design two different limit cycles for hip and knee joints to assist the user during overground walking with the Indego explorer lower-limb exoskeleton. We tested the designed VER on a single participant for overground walking at a self-selected speed. Interestingly, due to VER time-independent nature, it can properly coordinate with the user’s motions and produce mechanically stable overground walking in which the user can walk overground without a walker or crutches. The resultant gait is also more similar to a normal gait with improved range of motion compared to cases without controller; range of motion improved from $42.9 \pm 4.8{deg}$ and $44.9 \pm 4.9 {deg}$ to $46.6 \pm 1.3 {deg}$ and $63.0 \pm 6.8 {deg}$ at hip and knee joints, respectively. Especially, for the knee joint, the user is able to fully extend her knee during stance phase only when the VER is in the loop. In VER, the radius of each desired limit cycle is a function of phase. Accordingly, during walking, the internal phase of the VER is a monotonically increasing parameter that can be considered as a candidate for real-time gait phase estimation and heel-strike event detection. Hence, for gait phase estimation, VER relies only on a single joint position provided by the exoskeleton.
Nd: YAG Laser‐Photocoagulation: Acute Electrophysiological, Hemodynamic, and Morphological Effects in Large Irradiated Areas (1992)

Laser-photocoagulation (LPC) of arrhythmogenic myocardium has been reported to successfully ablate ventricular tachycardia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute hemodynamic and electrophysiological effect of continuous laser energy (Nd:YAG, 1060 nm) applied via a 0.4-mm quartz fiberoptic on the epicardial surface of the heart in nine dogs. A total of 51 +/- 2.3 pulses was delivered in each animal to induce homogeneous tissue necrosis. Applied energy was 12.3 +/- 2.7 J/mm2, irradiated surface measured 12.6 +/- 3.0 cm2, lesion depth was 6.3 +/- 1.2 mm (range: 5.0-8.1 mm), lesion volume was 8.1 +/- 2.8 cm3 (6.8% of left ventricular [LV] mass). After LPC, epicardial stimulation threshold significantly rose from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 10.2 +/- 4.9 mA in the border zone to nontreated tissue and from 0.9 +/- 0.4 to 32 +/- 15.7 mA in the center of the lesions. Loss of epicardial activation in the irradiated areas could be demonstrated by epicardial mapping. Ventricular extrasystoles during LPC were seen in all dogs, ventricular tachycardia in seven, and ventricular fibrillation in two dogs. After LPC, cardiac output and LV dP/dtmax significantly decreased by 14.2% and 11.2%. LPC induced predictable homogeneous tissue edema, eosinophilic staining, contraction band necrosis, and sharp demarcated hemorrhagic border zones with a sharp electrical border zone to nontreated tissue and loss of epicardial activation. During LPC, various arrhythmogenic effects could be observed. However, no persistent arrhythmic activity developed after LPC. The results confirm the feasibility of epicardial LPC of the myocardium. Although not rested in this study, LPC of arrhythmogenic tissue may also be feasible as a treatment modality of ventricular tachycardia.
The structural role and coordination environment of cobalt in 45P2O5–CaO–Na2O phosphate glasses: thermal properties and Raman, UV–vis-NIR, and EPR spectroscopy (2023)

Cobalt-containing materials are of interest for a wide range of applications, from biomaterials to solid-state lasers in optics. For instance, Co<sup>2+</sup> is known to trigger the formation of new blood vessels, <i>i.e.</i> angiogenesis. Here, the use of phosphate glasses as a vehicle for local release of Co<sup>2+</sup> ions is an attractive strategy to overcome the vascularisation limitation in tissue engineering. This study aimed to establish structure-property correlations as a function of the coordination environment of cobalt in 45P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-(30 - <i>x</i>)CaO-25Na<sub>2</sub>O-<i>x</i>CoO (<i>x</i>: 0.01 to 10 mol%) glasses. Constant polymerization and O/P ratio, resulting ultimately in constant basicity, were shown by ICP-OES and Raman spectroscopy. The latter, combined with EPR analysis, indicated that Co<sup>2+</sup> was the predominant oxidation state and the presence of Co<sup>3+</sup> can be excluded. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra showed that the ratio between Co<sup>2+</sup> in four- and six-fold coordination remained constant throughout the glass series. Their thermal properties measured by DSC and heating microscopy did not change much in the substitution range studied here. The steady trend in <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> values suggests a compensation between two opposite effects caused by the presence of four and six-fold coordinated Co<sup>2+</sup>, both being present at a constant ratio throughout the glasses. Accordingly, the higher field strength of Co<sup>2+</sup> compared to that of Ca<sup>2+</sup> is expected to strengthen the glass network. In contrast, four-fold coordinated cobalt is expected to weaken the network by connecting fewer fragments of the phosphate glass network than six-fold coordinated cobalt. These results indicate that the structural properties of the glasses with constant basicity are influenced by the coordination number of Co<sup>2+</sup>.
The development of plant roots: new approaches to underground problems. (1991)

The roots of terrestriaf plants are involved in the acquisition of water and nutrients, anchorage of the plant, synthesis of plant hormones, and storage functions. The development of a root system involves strategies that are common to the development of all plant organs, as well as certain aspects that are unique to roots. Despite the importance of roots and some unusual developmental characteristics, the study of root morphogenesis has not received as much attention as the development of aerial plant organs. This has been particularly true for studies at the molecular and genetic levels. This review is designed to highlight some of the interesting aspects of root development and to describe recent molecular genetic approaches that are likely to advance our understanding of root development.
Efficacy of Traditional Medicine Product Henna and Hydrocortisone on Diaper Dermatitis in Infants (2016)

Henna, a traditional medicine product, can be considered an effective and appropriate treatment for DD in infants and children.
Underwater acoustic channel characterisation for medium-range shallow water communications (2005)

The ability to effectively communicate underwater has numerous applications for researchers, marine commercial operators and defence organizations. As electromagnetic waves cannot propagate over long distances in seawater, acoustics provides the most obvious choice of channel. Although acoustics has been used effectively for point-to-point communications in deep-water channels, acoustics has had limited success for horizontal transmissions in shallow water. Time-varying multipath propagation and nonGaussian noise are two of the major factors that limit acoustic communication performance in shallow water. Although it is known that medium-range shallow water propagation is dominated by time-varying multipath arrivals, very few measurements of the variability of the multipath structure are available. In this paper, we present channel measurements made in a shallow water channel (depth 15-20 m) up to a range of 1 km. An analysis of the temporal variability of the arrival structure is presented. Most communication systems make the assumption that the noise is additive and Gaussian. Snapping shrimp dominate the ambient noise spectrum above a few kHz in warm shallow waters. It is known that snapping shrimp noise is impulsive and highly nonGaussian. These noise characteristics need to be taken into account when designing communication systems if robust and near-optimal performance is desired. An analysis of the ambient noise characteristics from some warm shallow water channels is also presented.
Muscle–spring dynamics in time-limited, elastic movements (2016)

Muscle contractions that load in-series springs with slow speed over a long duration do maximal work and store the most elastic energy. However, time constraints, such as those experienced during escape and predation behaviours, may prevent animals from achieving maximal force capacity from their muscles during spring-loading. Here, we ask whether animals that have limited time for elastic energy storage operate with springs that are tuned to submaximal force production. To answer this question, we used a dynamic model of a muscle-spring system undergoing a fixed-end contraction, with parameters from a time-limited spring-loader (bullfrog: Lithobates catesbeiana) and a non-time-limited spring-loader (grasshopper: Schistocerca gregaria). We found that when muscles have less time to contract, stored elastic energy is maximized with lower spring stiffness (quantified as spring constant). The spring stiffness measured in bullfrog tendons permitted less elastic energy storage than was predicted by a modelled, maximal muscle contraction. However, when muscle contractions were modelled using biologically relevant loading times for bullfrog jumps (50 ms), tendon stiffness actually maximized elastic energy storage. In contrast, grasshoppers, which are not time limited, exhibited spring stiffness that maximized elastic energy storage when modelled with a maximal muscle contraction. These findings demonstrate the significance of evolutionary variation in tendon and apodeme properties to realistic jumping contexts as well as the importance of considering the effect of muscle dynamics and behavioural constraints on energy storage in muscle-spring systems.
Temperature dependent structural and transport properties of the type II clathrates A8Na16E136 (A=Cs or Rb and E=Ge or Si) (2002)

Variable temperature single-crystal structure analyses for Cs8Na16Si136, Rb8Na16Si136, Cs8Na16Ge136, and Rb8Na16Ge136 are reported along with electrical and thermal transport measurements on two polycrystalline specimens. The strong temperature dependence of the atomic displacement parameters for the alkali-metal atoms is indicative of significant disorder associated with the “rattling” alkali-metal atoms inside the two different polyhedra (sixteen dodecahedra and eight hexakaidecahedra per cubic unit cell) that makeup the type II clathrate hydrate framework. This disorder can lead to low lattice thermal conductivities. Transport measurements show these compounds to be metallic. The potential of type II clathrates for thermoelectric applications is discussed.
Ocimum gratissimumis Effective in Prevention against Liver Fibrosisin Vivoandin Vitro (2014)

Ocimum gratissimum is a traditional herb commonly found in tropical regions, which prevents free radical damage and protects the liver from oxidative stress. In this study, we tested in vivo and in vitro the effectiveness of O. gratissimum extracts (OGEs) in anti-hepatic fibrosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by intraperitoneal injection and varying amounts of oral injection of OGE doses (0-40 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Our experiments showed that OGE significantly reduced liver damage, including steatosis and fibrosis, in a dose-dependent manner, as well as significantly decreased the elevation in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). It also inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidative products during CCl4 treatment. Moreover, OGE-inhibited CCl4-induced liver collagen accumulation and promoted the expression of catalase, an anti-oxidative enzyme. The inhibition of fibrosis factors α-SMA expression was also observed. In primary cultures, OGE significantly inhibited the serum-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the expression of α-SMA and collagen α (I). These data suggest that O. gratissimum possesses anti-hepatic fibrosis properties via its anti-oxidative components.
Diversity techniques for mobile radio reception (1976)

After discussing the nature of the electromagnetic field in urban environments, and the use of diversity techniques in fading media, the paper presents a survey of these techniques as applied to mobile radio, with emphasis on systems designed for analogue communication. It includes a unified approach to systems based on the double-heterodyne phase-stripper principle. The discussion is not restricted to present-day receivers only, but includes considerations which may apply in future designs.
Vision Transformer in Industrial Visual Inspection (2022)

Artificial intelligence as an approach to visual inspection in industrial applications has been considered for decades. Recent successes, driven by advances in deep learning, present a potential paradigm shift and have the potential to facilitate an automated visual inspection, even under complex environmental conditions. Thereby, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been the de facto standard in deep-learning-based computer vision (CV) for the last 10 years. Recently, attention-based vision transformer architectures emerged and surpassed the performance of CNNs on benchmark datasets, regarding regular CV tasks, such as image classification, object detection, or segmentation. Nevertheless, despite their outstanding results, the application of vision transformers to real world visual inspection is sparse. We suspect that this is likely due to the assumption that they require enormous amounts of data to be effective. In this study, we evaluate this assumption. For this, we perform a systematic comparison of seven widely-used state-of-the-art CNN and transformer based architectures trained in three different use cases in the domain of visual damage assessment for railway freight car maintenance. We show that vision transformer models achieve at least equivalent performance to CNNs in industrial applications with sparse data available, and significantly surpass them in increasingly complex tasks.
Indexing large metric spaces for similarity search queries (1999)

One of the common queries in many database applications is finding approximate matches to a given query item from a collection of data items. For example, given an image database, one may want to retrieve all images that are similar to a given query image. Distance-based index structures are proposed for applications where the distance computations between objects of the data domain are expensive (such as high-dimensional data) and the distance function is metric. In this paper we consider using distance-based index structures for similarity queries on large metric spaces. We elaborate on the approach that uses reference points (vantage points) to partition the data space into spherical shell-like regions in a hierarchical manner. We introduce the multivantage point tree structure (mvp-tree) that uses more than one vantage point to partiton the space into spherical cuts at each level. In answering similarity-based queries, the mvp-tree also utilizes the precomputed (at construction time) distances between the data points and the vantage points. We summarize the experiments comparing mvp-trees to vp-trees that have a similar partitioning strategy, but use only one vantage point at each level and do not make use of the precomputed distances. Empirical studies show that the mvp-tree outperforms the vp-tree by 20% to 80% for varying query ranges and different distance distributions. Next, we generalize the idea of using multiple vantage points and discuss the results of experiments we have made to see how varying the number of vantage points in a node affects affects performance and how much is gained in performance by making use of precomputed distances. The results show that, after all, it may be best to use a large number of vantage points in an internal node in order to end up with a single directory node and keep as many of the precomputed distances as possible to provide more efficient filtering during search operations. Finally, we provide some experimental results that compare mvp-trees with M-trees, which is a dynamic distance-based index structure for metric domains.
Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 is a homing factor for circulating angiogenic cells (2012)

This study shows that MCP3 stimulates the migration of CAC and angiogenesis, suggesting that MCP3 may be useful to improve cardiac repair.
Measurement of Cellular Diacylglycerol Content (1998)

With the discovery of the role of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in mediating the action of calcium-mobilizing hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters (reviewed in ref. ), the development of methods for measuring the formation of the resultant second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG), became essential. The additional discovery of an effector enzyme, protein kinase C, for transducing the changes in DAG levels (reviewed in ref. ) underlined the importance of this second messenger. A sensitive and reliable protocol currently in use in many laboratories is described below for the measurement of DAG levels in stimulated cells.
Organic materials for the use in optical layer systems (2011)

Ceramic materials such as SiO<sub>2</sub> or Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> are widely used for optical interference coatings. These materials have a high hardness and mostly offer excellent optical properties. However, there is a growing demand not only for good optical properties and a high stability, but also for coatings with a high elasticity. Especially coatings on polymer substrates need layers with improved elasticity since cracks in the layers occur easily when the coated substrates were mechanically deformed. For such applications flexible layer materials using organics or even polymers are very promising. These may be used as pure organic layers of with organic-inorganic composites. Unfortunately the chemical reactions to form polymers layers are more complex than the reactions to form oxides. Thus the deposition techniques for polymer layers are much more varying. Other important issues are the deposition rate stability and the optical properties of the polymer layers like haze, refractive and absorption index. In this paper we compare different ways for the deposition of organic and polymer layers in the gas phase at low pressures. The methods used were: evaporation, sputtering, PECVD and thermal CVD techniques. The optical parameters (refractive index, absorption and haze) and some mechanical parameters (adhesion, crack onset strain) of the different polymer layers were characterized. It will be shown that excellent organic film properties can be obtained by the use of a suitable organic material and deposition process. Also shown will be results on composite materials to modify the optical properties.
Lig-8, a Bioactive Lignophenol Derivative From Bamboo Lignin, Protects Against Neuronal Damage In Vitro and In Vivo (2006)

Lig-8, a lignophenol derivative from bamboo lignin, potently suppresses oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Here, we first examined in vitro whether lig-8 protects against neuronal damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation, tunicamycin [endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress inducer], or PSI (proteasome inhibitor). In pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell cultures, lig-8 (1 to 30 microM) concentration-dependently inhibited OGD- and tunicamycin (2 microg/ml)-induced cell deaths (significant at >/=3 microM and >/=1 microM, respectively). In human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell culture, the PSI-induced apoptotic cell death and fusion protein accumulation (revealing reduced proteasome activity) was inhibited by lig-8 (30 microM). On the other hand, lig-8 at 30 microM alone did not affect any proteasome activity under resting conditions. In vivo, lig-8 (0.1 nmol/eye) reduced intravitreal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 20 nmol)-induced retinal damage (decreases in retinal ganglion cells and inner plexiform layer thickness). Hence, lig-8 protects, partly by inhibiting excessive ER-stress, against neuronal damage in vitro and in vivo.
Operations with Degraded Security (2011)

Modern systems aren't designed to support some ongoing operations after their security is compromised. Using the ResiliNets model, the authors discuss five strategies for operating in a degraded security environment.
LETTER VI (2010)

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Adenylate cyclase activities of vascular smooth muscle in early and established DOCA/SALT hypertensive rats. (1990)

It has been demonstrated that the adenylate cyclase activity of vascular smooth muscle regulates its tonus. The present study was undertaken to examine adenylate cyclase activity in early and established deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt hypertensive rats. Early and established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats were prepared by injecting 30 mg of DOCA weekly for 3 and 10 weeks, respectively, into male Wistar rats given drinking water with 1% saline. The membrane protein fraction medium containing the protein, 50 microM isoproterenol, 100 microM GTP, 50 microM forskolin or 25 microM calmodulin was applied. The adenylate cyclase activity was determined by a modified method developed in our laboratory using double isotope counting. The adenylate cyclase activity in the early DOCA/salt hypertensive rats was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that in the control rats in the basal condition, which was unaffected by additions of isoproterenol, GTP or forskolin. There was no significant difference in basal adenylate cyclase activity between the established DOCA/salt hypertensive and control rats. The adenylate cyclase activities in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats were significantly lower with GTP (p less than 0.02) and forskolin (p less than 0.01) as compared with the control rats. Calmodulin elevated the adenylate cyclase activity significantly (p less than 0.05) in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats as well as in the control rats. However, enzyme activity with calmodulin in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that in the control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)