gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) tethered to nano-Fe3O4 as a superior catalyst for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazoles (2019)

Crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO<sub>3</sub>H) attached to nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a superior catalyst has been used for the synthesis of 3-alkyl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-2(3<i>H</i>)-thione derivatives through a three-component reactions of phenacyl bromide or 4-methoxyphenacyl bromide, carbon disulfide and primary amine under reflux condition in ethanol. A proper, atom-economical, straightforward one-pot multicomponent synthetic route for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazoles in good yields has been devised using crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO<sub>3</sub>H) tethered to nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM).
Radical Polymerization Behavior of Phenylallene. Synthesis of Functional Polymer Containing Styryl Moiety on the Backbone (1988)

Abstract Radical homopolymerization of phenylallene (PA) and copolymerization of PA with some vinyl monomers were described. PA polymerized selectively by the terminal double bond of allene both in the homopolymerization and the copolymerization. The radical reaction of PA with thiophenol was also carried out as a model reaction of the polymerization to discuss the polymerization process of PA.
Automatic profilometry of 3-D diffuse objects by spatial phase detection (1986)

A method automatically processing a projected grating to profile a 3-D diffuse object is proposed. A deformed grating pattern projected on the object is regarded as a phase modulated pattern with a constant spatial carrier frequency. To retrieve phase modulation, acquired data in a microcomputer are sinusoidally fitted using a phase detection algorithm similar to that used in communication techniques. High sensitivity measurements of height distribution can be done using simple optical geometry. Random and systematic errors inherent in the method are discussed in detail.
A New Subfamily of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 30 with Strict Xylobiohydrolase Function (2021)

The <i>Acetivibrio</i> <i>clariflavus</i> (basonym: <i>Clostridium clariflavum</i>) glycoside hydrolase family 30 cellulosomal protein encoded by the Clocl_1795 gene was highly represented during growth on cellulosic substrates. In this report, the recombinantly expressed protein has been characterized and shown to be a non-reducing terminal (NRT)-specific xylobiohydrolase (<i>Ac</i>Xbh30A). Biochemical function, optimal biophysical parameters, and phylogeny were investigated. The findings indicate that <i>Ac</i>Xbh30A strictly cleaves xylobiose from the NRT up until an α-1,2-linked glucuronic acid (GA)-decorated xylose if the number of xyloses is even or otherwise a single xylose will remain resulting in a penultimate GA-substituted xylose. Unlike recently reported xylobiohydrolases, <i>Ac</i>Xbh30A has no other detectable hydrolysis products under our optimized reaction conditions. Sequence analysis indicates that <i>Ac</i>Xbh30A represents a new GH30 subfamily. This new xylobiohydrolase may be useful for commercial production of industrial quantities of xylobiose.
Mitigation of Formation Damage Caused by Chemical Overdosing in Water Shut-Off Treatments (2020)

Abstract Reservoir Conformance Control (RCC) methods may significantly improve IOR/EOR technologies through reduced water production and profile correction. In the past decades, polymer gel methods were predominantly applied with these goals. However, recently the silicates in oilfields and microemulsions in gas fields are highly appreciated by the operators due to their outstanding features and environmental friendly character. That fact is well demonstrated by more than 140 jobs carried out in Hungary, Serbia, and Oman. Although, the statistical data of these projects are attractive (75% technical and 55% economic success), probably much higher profitability could be attained if not underdosing but optimal amount of chemicals were applied to avoid deterioration of well performance (well killing in extreme case). Unfortunately, overdosing might be often realistic because of limited information on wells to be treated. Consequently, developing any water shutoff methods must comprise techniques, which must be used to rehabilitate the productivity, permeability, injectivity. That question is practically not discussed in the literature. Concerning the barrier formation kinetics and processes, the different methods can be subdivided into two groups: reversible and irreversible gelation techniques. The in-situ formation of polymer gels, whatever its types are, represent the latter one, viz. detrimental effect of chemical overdosing is hard to control even by strong oxidative agents. In contrast, the silicate methods using both external and internal pH control, the hard gel formed after placement, the formation damage can be mitigated by injection of strong alkaline solutions. Similarly, the microemulsion treatment based on phase inversion under reservoir conditions, the barrier (with 5000-10000 cP viscosity) can be disintegrated with post-injection of special organic solvents. These phenomena and processes are addressed with bulk phase studies and flow tests in sandstone cores. Independent parameters of these tests were the type of chemicals, concentration, temperature, and reaction time. The experimental findings clearly demonstrate that the silicate lamps can be completely dissolved in bulk phase, and the detrimental effect in porous cores can be mitigated by 60-70% improvement of permeability in case of overdosing chemical treatments. Similarly, even more favorable data characterized the disintegration of microemulsion barriers using bulk and flow tests. Special advantages of these mitigation procedure are that environmentally friendly chemicals are used for alleviation of the unintended formation damage. The experimental results proved that the different silicate and microemulsion methods are based on reversible barrier formation. Recognizing that fact, the design of treatment offers more engineering freedom to use not minimum, but optimum chemical load in treatments without jeopardizing the undersigned formation damage. Nevertheless, this happens, the operator has appropriate technology to eliminate the detrimental effects.
A High-order Tuner for Accelerated Learning and Control (2021)

Gradient-descent based iterative algorithms pervade a variety of problems in estimation, prediction, learning, control, and optimization. Recently iterative algorithms based on higher-order information have been explored in an attempt to lead to accelerated learning. In this paper, we explore a specific a high-order tuner that has been shown to result in stability with time-varying regressors in linearly parametrized systems, and accelerated convergence with constant regressors. We show that this tuner continues to provide bounded parameter estimates even if the gradients are corrupted by noise. Additionally, we also show that the parameter estimates converge exponentially to a compact set whose size is dependent on noise statistics. As the HT algorithms can be applied to a wide range of problems in estimation, filtering, control, and machine learning, the result obtained in this paper represents an important extension to the topic of real-time and fast decision making.
Biomechanical analysis of distraction forces on the posterior meniscal roots to optimize early rehabilitation protocols (2020)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the distraction forces of the medial and lateral posterior meniscal roots after repair (PMMR, PLMR) at different degrees of flexion and axial load. Hypotheses: It was hypothesized that with increasing axial load and flexion angle, the distraction forces on the meniscal roots increase continuously. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were axially loaded in a custom made kinematics rigs with 0 N, 200 N and 400 N throughout a continuous flexion-extension cycle (0°-90°). The distraction forces acting on the PMMR and PLMR were determined in three scenarios: 1) native knee joint, 2) after bilateral detachment of the posterior meniscal roots and following root repair, 3) after resection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). To measure the distraction forces, the FiberWire No. 2 (Arthrex, Inc.) sutures used for the root repairs were shuttled transtibially through a 2.4 mm bone tunnel and tied over a force sensor mounted on the anterior tibia with a pretension of 2 N. Statistical analysis was performed using a repeated- measures ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni correction (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Overall, the different investigated knee states as well as the degree of flexion showed a significant effect on the distraction forces on the posterior meniscal roots (p &lt;0.01). An axial load of 200 N and 400 N resulted in a significant increase of the distraction forces on both menisci over the entire range of motion compared to an unloaded state (p &lt; 0.01). When no axial load was applied, the distraction forces after PMMR and PLMR refixation were not significantly affected by the degree of flexion (p &gt; 0.05). With axial loading of 200 N and 400 N, the distraction forces on the PLMR were significantly higher at flexion angles between 15° and 90° compared to full extension (p &lt;0.01). In contrast, the distraction forces on the PMMR were highest close to extension (0° -30°) and decreased significantly towards 90° of flexion when the knees were loaded with 200 N and 400 N (p &lt;0.01). When the ACL was removed, a significant increase of the distraction forces at the posterior meniscal roots was observed (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Axial loading significantly increases the distraction forces after posterior meniscal root repair. Therefore, axial loading should be avoided in the early postoperative phase. Furthermore, data of this study shows that passive exercise between 0° and 90° flexion can be performed without significantly affecting the forces acting on the menisci.
Robust Subspace Learning and Detection in Laplacian Noise and Interference (2007)

We address the problem of maximum likelihood subspace learning and detection in the presence of Laplacian noise and interference whose subspace may be known or unknown. For subspace learning, the Laplacian problem reduces to a maxmin convex mathematical program with polyhedral cost. The minimization involves projection of the measurements onto a subspace orthogonal to the signal and interference spaces and has linear constraints, while the maximization produces the subspace and has polyhedral constraints. The Laplacian noise model for subspace detection and estimation, motivated by applications in functional magnetic resonance imaging and applicable in other areas, yields maximum likelihood detectors and learned subspaces with unique structure due to the presence of corners in the polyhedrally convex optimization. For instance, the optimal learned subspace can consist of vectors whose elements take values of +1 or -1 only. Emergence of such a quantization attests to the robustness property of Laplacian learning, meaning that the solution is insensitive to perturbation in the data set. The resulting detectors are similarly robust to false alarms and have computationally attractive properties.
[Stimulation of T-lymphocytes by autologous monocytes. Decrease in the proliferative response in Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome]. (1981)

A mixed autologous culture enables the measurement of the proliferative response of T lymphocytes which have been stimulated by preparations of autologous mononucleated cells. The role of the monocytes present in the preparation was examined in this study which sought to determine if the autologous response induced by these monocytes was modified during Sjögren's syndrome. Purified monocytes are a powerful stimulant of autologous response in normal subjects. However, high concentrations of monocytes were found to have an inhibiting effect. In patients with Sjögren syndrome, the autologous response induced by monocytes in significantly decreased. This decrease parallels a reduction on "non-T" lymphocytes observed in these same patients. The anomaly provoking these two modifications does not appear to be caused by a seric factor or by a deficit of the proliferation of responding T lymphocytes. It is more likely due to a blockage of lymphocyte T/monocyte interactions where the markers of the HLA-D system intervene.
A survey of data provenance techniques (2005)

Data management is growing in complexity as large-scale applications take advantage of the loosely coupled resources brought together by grid middleware and by abundant storage capacity. Metadata describing the data products used in and generated by these applications is essential to disambiguate the data and enable reuse. Data provenance, one kind of metadata, pertains to the derivation history of a data product starting from its original sources. The provenance of data products generated by complex transformations such as workflows is of considerable value to scientists. From it, one can ascertain the quality of the data based on its ancestral data and derivations, track back sources of errors, allow automated re-enactment of derivations to update a data, and provide attribution of data sources. Provenance is also essential to the business domain where it can be used to drill down to the source of data in a data warehouse, track the creation of intellectual property, and provide an audit trail for regulatory purposes. In this paper we create a taxonomy of data provenance techniques, and apply the classification to current research efforts in the field. The main aspect of our taxonomy categorizes provenance systems based on why they record provenance, what they describe, how they represent and store provenance, and ways to disseminate it. Our synthesis can help those building scientific and business metadata-management systems to understand existing provenance system designs. The survey culminates with an identification of open research problems in the field. 1
Dynamic in-situ measurements of head-to-disk spacing (1999)

The read signal from a magnetoresistive (MR) head is used to measure the dynamic head-to-disk spacing (flying height) inside of an operating disk drive. Changes in flying height modulate both the envelope of the read signal and its mean value. While the envelope is related to the magnetic spacing, the mean value is a function of the thermal spacing. The thermal spacing signal is the result of Joule heating whereby some of the thermal energy generated in the MR head is dissipated into the air film between the head and disk. Changes in head flying height alter the heat transfer and hence the temperature and resistance of the head. The thermal and magnetic signals are separable and give complimentary information about the flying height. To accurately measure flying height changes using the thermal signal when the head is inside a disk drive requires that the signal distortion caused by the head preamplifier and high-pass filter be corrected. The thermal signal, unlike the magnetic signal, is not sensitive to track misregistration making it more accurate for dynamic flying height measurements. In-situ dynamic flying height measurement results using both thermal and magnetic methods are discussed.
Minireview: Signal Bias, Allosterism, and Polymorphic Variation at the GLP-1R: Implications for Drug Discovery (2013)

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) controls the physiological responses to the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 and is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, owing to the broad range of effects that are mediated upon its activation. These include the promotion of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, increased insulin biosynthesis, preservation of β-cell mass, improved peripheral insulin action, and promotion of weight loss. Regulation of GLP-1R function is complex, with multiple endogenous and exogenous peptides that interact with the receptor that result in the activation of numerous downstream signaling cascades. The current understanding of GLP-1R signaling and regulation is limited, with the desired spectrum of signaling required for the ideal therapeutic outcome still to be determined. In addition, there are several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (used in this review as defining a natural change of single nucleotide in the receptor sequence; clinically, this is viewed as a single-nucleotide polymorphism only if the frequency of the mutation occurs in 1% or more of the population) distributed within the coding sequence of the receptor protein that have the potential to produce differential responses for distinct ligands. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of GLP-1R function, in particular highlighting recent advances in the field on ligand-directed signal bias, allosteric modulation, and probe dependence and the implications of these behaviors for drug discovery and development.
Implementation of an Innovative Residency Leadership Development Curriculum (2019)

The role of the anesthesiologist in the perioperative environment requires facility in leadership; however, leadership education is not part of the traditional curriculum for anesthesiology trainees. To address this educational gap, we developed a leadership program for anesthesiology residents at an academic medical center to build competency in the areas of teamwork, emotional intelligence, integrity, selfless service, critical thinking, and patient-centeredness, constructs that correlate with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies of interpersonal and communication skills and professionalism. This report describes the design and implementation of the program, including the curriculum, and offers recommendations for implementation at other institutions.
Joint‐label fusion brain atlases for dementia research in Down syndrome (2022)

Down syndrome (DS) joint-label-fusion atlases provide accurate positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid measurements.A disorder-specific DS atlas is better than a neurotypical atlas for PET quantification.It is not necessary to use a disease-state-specific atlas for quantification in aged DS.Dorsal striatum results vary, possibly due to this region and dementia progression.
Silicone Temporary Masking Materials for an Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Process Based on Two-Step Reactivity (2018)

A series of two-step reactive silicone materials is prepared by controlling their viscoelasticity and evaluated for an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding process. There are two processes of interest in this study: (1) singulation of a silicone-coated dummy BGA package after the 1st heating at a lower temperature and (2) removal of the silicone layer with the aid of a tape from the BGA package covered with an EMI shielding material after the 2nd heating at a higher temperature. A prototype material cured at 80°C showed little, if any, sidewall creep and delamination during the course of dicing. In fact, no serious trace of the silicone layer was observed on the sidewall of the dummy BGA package after metal sputtering. These results support the idea that the prototype material ensures mechanical and adhesion properties durable for the dicing. After further heating the silicone-coated package with the tape at 150°C, the main body of the silicone layer was found to be easily removable from the dummy BGA package. It was thus confirmed that a strong enough bonding between the silicone layer and the tape can be formed during the 2nd heating. This study demonstrates that the two-step reactive silicone concept is technically feasible as an alternative option for temporary masking of a BGA package.
“Memórias” de políticos brasileiros: produção escrita, gestão de imagens e “teorizações” nativas do jogo político. (2012)

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre a atividade da escrita (livros de memórias, ensaios, análises, romances, etc.) entre profissionais da política no Brasil. O foco privilegiado aqui são as memórias produzidas por deputados federais e senadores que atuaram ou atuam no Congresso Nacional. Instrumento do trabalho simbólico de autoapresentação, de construção da própria imagem e de administração das identidades estratégicas, os relatos analisados fixam modalidades de eventos valorizados, de entradas na política e de demarcação do espaço dos especialistas da representação política. O corpus permite ainda examinar as teorizações nativas fornecidas pelos parlamentares em torno das regras, papéis e definições concorrentes relativos ao jogo político. Do mesmo modo, possibilita a comparação entre momentos históricos, contextos regionais e padrões de institucionalização da vida política.
Reducing Th2 inflammation through neutralizing IL-4 antibody rescues myelination in IUGR rat brain (2019)

In this study, we have identified inflammation as a factor in the decrease in myelin seen in an animal model of IUGR. IL-4, an inflammatory protein often thought to be protective in the adult, is specifically increased, and treatment of these animals to prevent this increase ameliorates white matter damage. Our results suggest that the immune system plays a role in IUGR that is different in the perinatal period than in the adult and preventing this exaggerated Th2 response may be a potential therapeutic target.
Improvement of the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Scoring System With the Monoclonal Antibody SN8(CD79b) (1997)

A scoring system, based on the immunophenotypic analysis of a panel of five membrane markers (CD5, CD22, CD23, FMC7, SmIg) was shown to be useful in the distinction between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (non-CLL). We investigated whether the monoclonal antibody SN8 (CD79b) could improve our previous scoring system. Peripheral blood samples of 298 patients with CLL and 166 patients with non-CLL were analyzed by flow cytometry. Using the five standard markers, the accuracy of the scoring system was 91.8%, using a cutoff of 4 points or higher, to distinguish CLL from non-CLL. This was increased to 96.6% if SN8 was added and a cutoff of 4 points or higher was also used. A similar accuracy, 96.8%, was observed if CD22 was excluded and a cutoff of 3 points or higher was used. Thus, the replacement of CD22 by SN8 in the original scoring system significantly increases its potential to discriminate between CLL and other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases.
Sound Wave of “Stable” Form (1951)

Sound waves of finite amplitude are subject to progressive distortion or change in form during propagation. Theoretical analysis of this phenomenon for a plane wave neglecting dissipative forces leads ultimately to a multiple valued solution for acoustic pressure, displacement, etc. This is inconsistent with fact. R. D. Fay, introducing viscosity into the analysis, arrived at a solution in which the progressive distortion is balanced by the dissipative effects of viscosity. This wave, called the “stable” form, is essentially sawtoothed, varying in sharpness depending upon its intensity. Experimental measurements in a free spherically-diverging sound field verify the existence of the stable wave by showing the progressive distortion of an initially sinusoidal wave to a sawtoothed stable form. Comparison of the experimental results (for the diverging field) with the theoretical results (for a plane wave field) reveals good agreement as to the harmonic content of the stable form, except that a higher sound intensity is required in the diverging field. Both experimentally and theoretically, for sufficiently high intensities, the pressure amplitude of the nth harmonic relative to that of the fundamental approaches 1/n.