gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental nonlocality-based randomness generation with nonprojective measurements (2018)

An experiment on randomness generation is performed with a quantum optical setup, which shows that nonprojective measurements improve randomness generation against the standard protocols that lack such measurements.
Characterization of polysilicon thin films for MEMS applications (2006)

The microstructure of thin polycrystalline films formed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Beneficial compressive residual stress was introduced by cavitation impacts. Surface morphology was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films show two distinct microstructural regimes at the low and high end with an intermediate transition region. Homogeneous nucleation and growth in the bulk of the films were observed. Numerous planar twins are observed on the lower end while the polysilicon films has a highly textured columnar microstructure. The textured grains had rough edges. Both homogeneous nucleation and growth in the bulk of the films and heterogeneous nucleation and growth in the film-substrate interface are observed. The main defects have been identified as dislocations and microtwins. The locations of the dislocations are also discussed.
Editorial: Omics and Systems Approaches to Study the Biology and Applications of Lactic Acid Bacteria (2020)

Early definitions classified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as Gram-positive, non-sporulating, microaerophilic but aerotolerant, catalase, and oxidase negative bacteria that produce lactic acid. LAB were mostly related to foods as starters, non-starters (NSLAB) and less frequently as spoilers. These definitions necessitated some common evolutionary traits but still remained rather technical and beyond a true evolutionary perspective. For example, diverse bacteria were considered LAB, like members of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae families, the first belonging to the Actino bacteria and the second to the evolutionarily distant Firmicutes.
SB211475 EXERTS MORE POTENT PROTECTION IN RAT SPLANCHNIC ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY THAN ITS PARENT COMPOUND CARVEDILOL. (1996)

Lopez, B.; Christopher, T.; Yue, T.; Feuerstein, G.; Ruffolo, R. Jr; Ma, X. Author Information
[The technique and progress of lithotriptors]. (2000)

This introduces the classifications, features and progress of lithotriptors, as well as compares applications among them.
Variable Cycle Engine Control System Definition Study. Turbine Engine Technology Demonstrator Component Development Program, Project 668A. Controls Development Program (1976)

The primary objective of this Air Force funded program was the development of a control mode for a Joint Technology Demonstrator (JTD) engine that achieves 'optimal' steady state performance (minimum sfc and maximum thrust) with rapid transient performance over the entire flight envelope of a hypothetical transonic/supersonic aircraft. A flexible digital computer simulation of the JTD turbofan engine with a control system was developed along with computerized optimization and constraint procedures to establish optimal engine operating conditions and variable geometry positions to achieve minimum sfc and maximum thrust. Speed and turbine temperature fuel governors along with a compressor Mach Number (delta P/P) surge control loop in the fuel control were evaluated. A control mode that positioned the geometry to 'scheduled' optimal geometry settings was unable to achieve steady state maximum thrust over the entire flight envelope. However, a control mode developed to force engine parameters to 'scheduled' optimal parametric relationships successfully attained minimum sfc and maximum thrust at all the selected test points in the flight envelope. Since certain parametric relationships are true for minimum sfc (i.e., maximum airflow and minimum temperature for a given thrust) and maximum thrust (i.e., maximum speed, temperature, and pressure within engine limits), the control based upon parametric relationships will yield maximum thrust and near minimum sfc for a resonable range of engine variation. Therefore, it is not necessary to tune each new engine for maximum thrust or adjust the control for engine aging.
Novel Blood Pressure Locus and Gene Discovery Using Genome-Wide Association Study and Expression Data Sets From Blood and the Kidney (2017)

Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has a substantial genetic contribution. Genetic variation influencing blood pressure has the potential to identify new pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. To discover additional novel blood pressure loci, we used 1000 Genomes Project-based imputation in 150 134 European ancestry individuals and sought significant evidence for independent replication in a further 228 245 individuals. We report 6 new signals of association in or near HSPB7, TNXB, LRP12, LOC283335, SEPT9, and AKT2, and provide new replication evidence for a further 2 signals in EBF2 and NFKBIA Combining large whole-blood gene expression resources totaling 12 607 individuals, we investigated all novel and previously reported signals and identified 48 genes with evidence for involvement in blood pressure regulation that are significant in multiple resources. Three novel kidney-specific signals were also detected. These robustly implicated genes may provide new leads for therapeutic innovation.
Common chronic conditions do not affect performance of cell cycle arrest biomarkers for risk stratification of acute kidney injury (2016)

We observed no significant impairment in the performance of cell cycle arrest biomarkers due to the presence of chronic comorbid conditions.
Modeling a verification test system for mixed-signal circuits (2001)

In contrast to the large number of logic gates and storage circuits encountered in digital networks, purely analog networks usually have relatively few circuit primitives (operational amplifiers and so on). The complexity lies not in the number of building blocks but in the complexity of each block and the need to test a range of parameters-for example, gain, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio. Degraded circuit performance as well as nonfunctional operation must be checked. Thus, circuit complexity rather than volume complexity is the dominant problem in analog test, and testing mixed-signal circuits entails more difficulties than testing purely digital circuits. In IC manufacturing, circuits traditionally move from design to test with little thought about how each department's activities affect those of the other. This lack of foresight almost always results in iteration cycles between design and test to realize a testable design that also satisfies the specification. We need a bridge between design and test phases to enable a smooth transition. An integrated approach whereby both teams understand each other's requirements is a big step in the right direction; interaction between design and test databases significantly increases the degree to which design and test development can operate as concurrent processes; some work has already been done in this area. Our goal was to build Spice models for the instruments incorporated in the IntegraTest system so that we could simulate the tests this system conducts during design. The models are based on manufacturer specifications, and control parameters used in the models are as close as possible to those in the instruments. To make changes in the models transparent to users, entering of parameters is isolated from the models' internal construction. After building the models, we compared the results of the simulated tests with results from actual tests performed with real instruments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolidinone Antibacterial Agents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using systems and structure biology tools to dissect cellular phenotypes (2011)

The Center for the Multiscale Analysis of Genetic Networks (MAGNet, http://magnet.c2b2.columbia.edu) was established in 2005, with the mission of providing the biomedical research community with Structural and Systems Biology algorithms and software tools for the dissection of molecular interactions and for the interaction-based elucidation of cellular phenotypes. Over the last 7 years, MAGNet investigators have developed many novel analysis methodologies, which have led to important biological discoveries, including understanding the role of the DNA shape in protein-DNA binding specificity and the discovery of genes causally related to the presentation of malignant phenotypes, including lymphoma, glioma, and melanoma. Software tools implementing these methodologies have been broadly adopted by the research community and are made freely available through geWorkbench, the Center's integrated analysis platform. Additionally, MAGNet has been instrumental in organizing and developing key conferences and meetings focused on the emerging field of systems biology and regulatory genomics, with special focus on cancer-related research.
Optimizing of NC tool paths for five-axis milling using evolutionary algorithms on wavelets (2006)

Computer aided NC-path generation of five-axis milling using a standard CAM-system does usually not take machine dynamics and kinematics into account. This results in machine movements which are often not smooth enough and lead to a deficient surface quality. In order to reduce undesirable abrupt motion changes, an approach for optimizing the NC-path by using a standard evolution strategy is shown in this paper as well as first results of applying this algorithm to the five-axis milling process.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (Aryloxy)phosphoramidate Prodrugs (2011)

Abstract The first diastereoselective synthesis of aryloxyphosphoramidate prodrugs of 3′‐deoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydrothymidinemonophosphate (d4TMP) was recently reported. The synthetic approach utilized the chiral auxiliary ( S )‐4‐isopropylthiazolidine‐2‐thione ( 2 ). For this strategy, a stereochemically pure phosphorodiamidate intermediate was needed. The diastereoselective formation of this key compound was investigated by using different phenols and L ‐alanine methyl or benzyl ester. Generally, the reaction with 3‐ or 4‐substituted phenols led to significantly better diastereoselectivities compared to their 2‐substituted counterparts. Moreover, variation of the ester group in the amino acid residue resulted in no significant differences with regard to the obtained diastereoselectivity. From the reported results, a model for the transition state was elaborated. Finally, eight new ( S P )‐arylphosphoramidates were synthesized with very high diastereoselectivities (up to ≥ 95 % de ) and tested for their anti‐HIV potency, showing a tendency for higher antiviral activity from the ( S P ) diastereomers.
Diverse repertoire of human adipocyte subtypes develops from transcriptionally distinct mesenchymal progenitor cells (2019)

Single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed an unexpectedly broad repertoire of cells required to mediate complex functions in multicellular organisms. Despite the multiple roles of adipose tissue in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis, adipocytes are thought to be largely homogenous with only 2 major subtypes recognized in humans so far. Here we report the existence and characteristics of 4 distinct human adipocyte subtypes, and of their respective mesenchymal progenitors. The phenotypes of these distinct adipocyte subtypes are differentially associated with key adipose tissue functions, including thermogenesis, lipid storage, and adipokine secretion. The transcriptomic signature of "brite/beige" thermogenic adipocytes reveals mechanisms for iron accumulation and protection from oxidative stress, necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration upon activation. Importantly, this signature is enriched in human supraclavicular adipose tissue, confirming that these cells comprise thermogenic depots in vivo, and explain previous findings of a rate-limiting role of iron in adipose tissue browning. The mesenchymal progenitors that give rise to beige/brite adipocytes express a unique set of cytokines and transcriptional regulators involved in immune cell modulation of adipose tissue browning. Unexpectedly, we also find adipocyte subtypes specialized for high-level expression of the adipokines adiponectin or leptin, associated with distinct transcription factors previously implicated in adipocyte differentiation. The finding of a broad adipocyte repertoire derived from a distinct set of mesenchymal progenitors, and of the transcriptional regulators that can control their development, provides a framework for understanding human adipose tissue function and role in metabolic disease.
A New Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Scheme for LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Systems with Multiple Services (2011)

In order to achieve higher bandwidth and higher throughput, the carrier aggregation (CA) technique has been adopted by the specifications of 3GPP Release 10 for Long Term Evolution (LTE) advanced systems, where the user equipment (UE) may operate over up to 5 component carriers (CCs). On the other hand, 3GPP specifications also define a mechanism named discontinuous reception (DRX) in order to save the energy consumption of UE operation, where a UE is allowed to stop monitoring Physical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) during some period of the operation time. Obviously, the duration and the frequency of these non-monitoring periods are important parameters which significantly impact the energy saving (ES) efficiency and the system performance. The conventional UE-specific DRX scheme is not efficient since all CCs are applied with the same DRX operation. Moreover, multiple services with different delay requirements may operate simultaneously for the same UE in the realistic communication systems. Hence, the mechanism of applying identical DRX configuration over all CCs is not optimal and will cause large energy waste. In this paper, we propose a new efficient DRX scheme for LTE-A systems with multiple services, where some important parameters are further optimized according to the characteristics of multi-CC and multi-service systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DRX scheme can improve the energy saving efficiency significantly compared with the existing no-DRX scheme and the conventional UE-specific DRX scheme, even with 10% retransmission probability.
Ureteroscopy-assisted retrograde nephrostomy for a large and obstructive renal pelvic stone: a case report (2015)

We here report the case of a large and obstructive renal stone successfully treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the ureteroscopy-assisted retrograde nephrostomy technique.
Designing Synergistic Nanocatalysts for Multiple Substrate Activation: Interlattice Ag–Fe3O4 Hybrid Materials for CO2-Inserted Lactones (2020)

Multimetallic architectures that combine chemically diverse materials to affect tandem reactions within a single scaffold drive future nanocatalyst development. Here, we show the unique, interlattice growth of the small molecule activating Ag0 guest within the Lewis acidic/basic Fe3O4 octahedral host (Fe3O4@Ag-40, 10, 6, 2 at %) via a polyol-hydrothermal procedure. Microscopic (scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ) and structural characterization (powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) of the Fe3O4@Ag hybrid materials reveal doping of Ag0 in Oh Fe2+ substitutional vacancies of the Fe3O4 host and Ag0 nanoparticle growth on and embedded deep within (>400 nm, Ar+ sputtering) the octahedra. These hybrid materials activate CO2 and perform C(sp)–H and C(sp3)–Cl bond scission of alkyne substrates to selectively produce lactone heterocycles in up to 85% yield. Control reactions delineate two distinct pathways for the mechanism involving the complementarity of interfacial sites where alkyne activation occurs at Fe–O sites and CO2 incorporation is predominately managed by Ag0. The recyclability of the Fe3O4@Ag-40B hybrid catalyst is demonstrated over five cycles and it shows the structural integrity of the octahedra, but a gradual drop in yield of the product from 85 to 45% due to slow depletion of surface Ag NPs is observed. Together, these results illustrate a rare understanding of the cooperative synergy and mechanism of multimetallic nanocatalyst interfaces for multiple substrate reactivity.
Catalysis of Transbilayer Lipid Migration by Hydrophobically Modified N-Isopropylacrylamide Polymers (1997)

Transverse lipid migration (flip-flop) of 2-F, a head-group-labeled dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), in surface-differentiated 1:7 coliposomes with unlabeled DPPC (2-NF), is facilitated by added N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymers at temperatures above the extended → contracted transition temperatures of the polymers (30−33 °C). The effectiveness of the polymers is sensitive to the identity of the substituents on their amide nitrogens; an octadecyl residue is particularly potent, whereas a butylpyrenyl substituent is ineffective. Evidence is also presented for interliposomal polymer transfer above the liposomes' gel → liquid crystal transition temperature.
Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma Contamination in Cell Cultures by Enzymatic Detection of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products. (1995)

Enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction (ED-PCR) was applied for rapid and easy identification of mycoplasmas from contaminated cell culture. This method was based on the capture of amplified products via biotin-streptavidine affinity and the detection of an incorporated hapten in amplified products with enzyme-linked antibody. Primers corresponding to common sequence of Mollicutes in 16S ribosomal RNA dominated gene was used. Nineteen of twenty Mollicutes so far reported as cell contaminants appeared positive by ED-PCR, whereas remaining one, Acholeplasma axanthum, appeared negative. Samples from sixty-two cell culture were tested for contamination of mycoplasmas by means of ED-PCR, cultivation, and electronmicroscopy. The results of ED-PCR were the same as those of cultivating method. The time required for all the detection process in ED-PCR was about 5 hr for 20 samples. We suggest that ED-PCR can be used in the rapid detection of mycoplasms from cell culture.
Smart Completion Improvement in Horizontal Wells Based on Through-Barrier Diagnostics (2020)

Abstract The complex interbedded heterogeneous reservoirs of the Severo-Komsomolskoye field are developed by horizontal wells in which, as part of the pilot project's scope, autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) are installed to prevent early coning and gas breakthroughs in long horizontal sections and reduce sand production, which is a problem aggravated by an extremely low mechanical strength of the terrigenous deposits occurring in the Pokur formation of the Cenomanian stage in this area. The zones produced through AICDs are separated by swell packers. The issue of AICD effectiveness is discussed in the publications by Solovyev (2019), Shestov (2015), Byakov (2019) and some others. One of the methods used for monitoring horizontal sections with AICDs is production logging (PLT). However, due to the complexity of logging objectives, the use of conventional logging techniques makes the PLT unfeasible, considering the costs of preparing and carrying out the downhole operations. This paper provides some case studies of the Through-Barrier Diagnostics application, including passive spectral acoustics (spectral acoustic logging) and thermohydrodynamic modelling for the purpose of effective estimation of reservoir flows behind the liner with AICDs installed and well integrity diagnostics. As a result of the performed diagnostics, the well completion strategy was updated and optimised according to the log interpretation results, and one well intervention involving a cement squeeze with a straddle-packer assembly was carried out.
Estimation of pattern shape based on CD-SEM image by using MPPC method (2006)

This study demonstrates the MPPC (Multiple Parameters Profile Characterization) measurement method utilizing ArF photo resist patterns. MPPC is a technique for estimating the three dimensional profile of patterns which are imaged and measured on the CD-SEM (critical dimension scanning electron microscope). MPPC utilizes the secondary electron signal to calculate several indices including top CD, peak CD, top rounding, bottom footing, etc. This primary focused of this study is to understand the variations in pattern profile caused by changes in exposure condition. The results demonstrate the ability to extract pattern profile shape information by MPPC measurement that could not otherwise be detected by a conventional bottom CD measurement method. Furthermore, the results were compared to cross sectional images collected by STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope) to verify the accuracy of the MPPC technique. The peak CD results accurately estimate the pattern width when the sidewall angle of the feature is nearly vertical. Additionally, line edge roughness (LER) caused by pattern profile variations was evaluated utilizing MPPC. The results suggest that MPPC may be utilized to evaluate the roughness over the entire profile.
Study of the Cognitive Function of Lactononadecapeptide and Its Application in Food (2022)

近年, 世界中における高齢者の増加に伴い, 認知機能維持に役立つ安全で安心な食品の開発が期待されている。発酵乳は古くから健康に良い効果を持つと考えられ, その生理機能に関する研究が行われてきた。我々は, Lactobacillus helveticusを用いて脱脂乳を発酵させた酸乳に着目し, 認知機能への影響を検証した結果, 記憶力改善作用を見出し, 活性本体として牛乳βカゼイン由来の19残基ペプチドNIPPLTQTPVVVPPFLQPE (ラクトノナデカペプチド, 以下LNDP) を同定した。食品用途への応用を進めるべく, LNDP含有食品が健常者の認知機能へ与える効果について, 対象, 摂取期間, 神経心理評価を変えた臨床試験にて検証した。その結果, LNDP (2.1-4.2 mg/日, 8-24週間) を含有する飲食品の摂取により, 注意力, 情報処理能力, 記憶力などの認知機能維持が認められた。これらの研究成果を基に, LNDP含有食品は機能性表示食品として実用化されており, 高齢化社会における人々の健康維持, 増進に貢献できるものと考えている。
Precedent-based legal reasoning and knowledge acquisition in contract law: A process model (1987)

In the law, decisions in previous cases play a significant role in the presentation, understanding, and outcome of new cases. This is particularly true in the area of contract law where few statutes (explicit legal rules) exist. When presented with a new case, a lawyer must be able to identify important issues and make some predictions about how the case might be decided. The lawyer will often recall past cases which bear similarities to the current case and reason analogically to make these predictions. In order to perform these tasks, a lawyer must be able to remember past cases, organize them in memory so that cases that are conceptually similar are stored together (a lawyer normally won't be reminded of an irrelevant case), and make analogies between cases. Thus the organization and representation of knowledge in memory is crucial in building a model of lawyer's cognitive processes. This paper describes a process model, implemented in a computer program called STARE, which addresses these issues in the context of first-year law students learning contract law.