gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel TEM methods for large-area analysis of misfit dislocation networks in semiconductor heterostructures (2006)

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for detailed investigations of individual misfit dislocations and misfit dislocation networks in semiconductor heterostructures. However, the characterization of large numbers of misfit dislocations distributed over large network areas has traditionally been a challenge. Such analyses are important for detailed understanding of phenomena, such as layer mosaicity, that originate from the misfit dislocations, but develop features on a length scale of several tens of microns. Moreover, quantitative interpretations of X-ray diffraction data, based on models that describe the arrangement of misfit dislocations in statistical terms, call for validation by a large-area analysis with microscopic details. In this paper, novel TEM sample preparation and analysis methods are presented, which allow for the efficient study of large numbers of misfit dislocations and provide new insight into the formation of misfit–dislocation networks. The methods discussed are: (i) a double-bevel-polish (DBP) sample preparation for systematic depth-sensitive large-area plan-view TEM imaging of three-dimensional misfit-dislocation networks, (ii) a bevel-polish and cleavage (BPC) sample preparation for efficient large-area Burgers vector analysis of misfit–dislocation networks, (iii) the use of bend contours for large-area plan-view analysis of the Burgers vectors of misfit dislocations in single networks and (iv) the post-growth retrieval of the sequence of dislocation formation by studying antiphase boundaries formed during dislocation glide in layers showing long-range atomic ordering. The feasibility of each method is demonstrated and their potential applications discussed. Acknowledgements The author thanks W. Jäger for valuable discussions on the topics of sections 2–4. He further thanks A. Bett and F. Dimroth from the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) in Freiburg for providing the triple solar cell structures used in this work. He acknowledges discussion with J. Schöne on XRD measurements of the In x Ga1− x As buffer. The study of misfit dislocations in long-range ordered InGaP layers (section 5) was carried out at the IV-Physikalische Institut of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. The author thanks W. Schröter and M. Seibt for valuable discussions on this topic. He further acknowledges the provision of the InGaP/GaAs samples by F. Scholz from the University of Stuttgart (now at University of Ulm). The manuscript was written during a stay as a Humboldt fellow at the National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. The author especially thanks U. Dahmen and E. R. Weber for their kind hospitality. He acknowledges financial support by the Humboldt Foundation and by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-ACO2-05CH11231.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Lower-body Assistive Devices Through the Understanding of Human Movement in the Real World (2023)

In previous studies, researchers have successfully measured walking in healthy able-bodied humans to create safe control strategies for lower body assistive devices. measurements used to establish design requirements often come from testing and evaluation that takes place in laboratory settings during steady-state tasks, where participants often select movement strategies that minimize the cost of transport. However, human walking in these conditions does not neces-sarily represent the natural behavior of an individual in the real world. In this work, we conducted a study to characterize human walking in the real world. We combined week-scale free-living measurements of gait with in-lab data collection to: 1) quantify the proportion of steady-state walking in a population of healthy able-bodied adults, and 2) evaluate whether this population favors the selection of a range of walking speeds that minimize their cost of transport in the real world. We found that the majority of walking bouts contain mostly transient walking, suggesting that researchers should complement steady-state characterization with non-steady-state tasks. We also found that the most often used steady-state walking speeds for all participants were higher than the range that minimizes cost of transport, suggesting that individuals are influenced by more than energy economy when moving in the real world. Thus, when developing control strategies for these devices, researchers should consider a variety of optimization objectives to adapt for the multifarious situations of daily life.
A COMBINED FEATURE ENSEMBLE BASED MUTUAL INFORMATION SCHEME FOR ROBUST INTER-MODAL, INTER-PROTOCOL IMAGE REGISTRATION (2007)

In this paper we present a new robust method for medical image registration called combined feature ensemble mutual information (COFEMI). While mutual information (MI) has become arguably the most popular similarity metric for image registration, intensity based MI schemes have been found wanting in inter-modal and interprotocol image registration, especially when (1) significant image differences across modalities (e.g. pathological and radiological studies) exist, and (2) when imaging artifacts have significantly altered the characteristics of one or both of the images to be registered. Intensity-based MI registration methods operate by maximization of MI between two images A and B. The COFEMI scheme extracts over 450 feature representations of image B that provide additional information about A not conveyed by image B alone and are more robust to the artifacts affecting original intensity image B. COFEMI registration operates by maximization of combined mutual information (CMI) of the image A with the feature ensemble associated with B. The combination of information from several feature images provides a more robust similarity metric compared to the use of a single feature image or the original intensity image alone. We also present a computer-assisted scheme for determining an optimal set of maximally informative features for use with our CMI formulation. We quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the improvement in registration accuracy by using our COFEMI scheme over the traditional intensity based-Mi scheme in registering (1) prostate whole mount histological sections with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices; and (2) phantom brain T1 and T2 MRI studies, which were adversely affected by imaging artifacts
Spatial domain method for the design of RF pulses in multicoil parallel excitation (2006)

Parallel excitation has been introduced as a means of accelerating multidimensional, spatially-selective excitation using multiple transmit coils, each driven by a unique RF pulse. Previous approaches to RF pulse design in parallel excitation were either formulated in the frequency domain or restricted to echo-planar trajectories, or both. This paper presents an approach that is formulated as a quadratic optimization problem in the spatial domain and allows the use of arbitrary k-space trajectories. Compared to frequency domain approaches, the new design method has some important advantages. It allows for the specification of a region of interest (ROI), which improves excitation accuracy at high speedup factors. It allows for magnetic field inhomogeneity compensation during excitation. Regularization may be used to control integrated and peak pulse power. The effects of Bloch equation nonlinearity on the large-tip-angle excitation error of RF pulses designed with the method are investigated, and the utility of Tikhonov regularization in mitigating this error is demonstrated.
Komplexe mit Stickstoffradikalliganden: Einteilung, spektroskopische Eigenschaften, Reaktivität und katalytische Anwendungen (2013)

Abstract Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die elektronische Struktur, die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften und die (katalytische) Reaktivität von Komplexen mit Stickstoffradikalliganden. Komplexe mit Aminyl‐ ([M( . NR 2 )]), Nitren/Imidyl‐ ([M( . NR)]) oder Nitridylradikalliganden ([M( . N)]) sind nachweisbare und manchmal auch isolierbare Spezies, die trotz ihres Radikalcharakters oft selektive Reaktionsmuster gegenüber einer Vielzahl organischer Substrate zeigen. Für Komplexe mit Stickstoffradikalliganden wird ein Klassifizierungssystem vorgestellt, das auf ihrer Elektronenstruktur basiert und sie als Einelektronen‐reduzierte Fischer‐Systeme, Einelektronen‐oxidierte Schrock‐Systeme oder Systeme mit (fast) kovalenter M‐N‐π‐Bindung beschreibt. Experimentelle, für die Bestimmung des Aufenthaltsortes des Radikals (d. h. Metall oder Ligand) relevante Ergebnisse werden diskutiert, und aktuelle Beispiele aus der Literatur belegen die Verwendung von Komplexen mit Stickstoffradikalliganden in den (katalytischen) Synthesen verschiedener organischer Stickstoffverbindungen wie Aziridine und Amine. Dieser Aufsatz soll dazu beitragen, die (katalytische) Reaktivität von Stickstoffradikalliganden und ihre Rolle bei der Feinabstimmung der Reaktivität von Koordinationsverbindungen besser zu verstehen.
Short-wavelength backscattering cross sections of rigid and partially coated cylinders and spheres (1974)

The underlying assumptions of Kirchhoff-type formulations of the cross sections of cylindrical and spherical scatterers are reviewed, with emphasis on the respective merits of alternative asymptotic techniques. Both the geometric- and physical-acoustics formulations are shown to lead to substantial errors when applied to rigid scatterers partially coated with a finite-impedance coating. The sources of these errors are discussed in some detail.
Practical Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Primary Care (2013)

IN BRIEF The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist class of medications has distinct benefits and limitations that provide an opportunity to individualize the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Many strategies can be used to improve patient acceptance of and self-management with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Acetate overflow metabolism regulates a major metabolic shift after glucose depletion in Escherichia coli (2021)

Acetate overflow refers to the metabolism by which a large part of carbon incorporated as glucose into Escherichia coli cells is catabolized and excreted as acetate into the medium. We previously found that mutants for the acetate overflow pathway enzymes phosphoacetyltransferase (Pta) and acetate kinase (AckA) showed significant diauxic growth after glucose depletion in E. coli. Here, we analyzed the underlying mechanism in the pta mutant. Proteomic and other analyses revealed an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits and a decrease in glyoxylate shunt enzymes, which resulted from pyruvate accumulation. Since restoration of these enzyme levels by overexpressing PdhR (pyruvate-sensing transcription factor) or deleting iclR (gene encoding a pyruvate- and glyoxylate-sensing transcription factor) alleviated the growth lag of the pta mutant after glucose depletion, these changes were considered as the reason for the phenotype. Given the evidence for decreased coenzyme A (HS-CoA) levels in the pta mutant, the growth inhibition after glucose depletion was partly explained by limited availability of HS-CoA in the cell. The findings provide insights into the role of acetate overflow in metabolic regulation, which may be useful for biotechnological applications.
Ghrelin, growth and obesity (2002)

The objective of this paper is to review the current evidence of a novel gastric hormone ghrelin. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) that potently stimulates growth hormone (GH) release. The discovery of ghrelin opens up a new regulatory system for the GH secretion. Surprisingly, recent studies in rodents suggest that peripherally or centrally administrated ghrelin, independent of GH, decreases fat oxidation and increases food intake and adiposity. In addition, plasma ghrelin levels are lower in obese human subjects. Ghrelin might participate in meal initiation and may signal to the hypothalamus when an increase in the metabolic efficiency is needed. However, the role of ghrelin in the regulation of body weight in humans is unknown. Whether ghrelin's somatotrophic effect surpasses its adipogenic effect in the prolonged administration determines its effect on energy balance. New interesting implications for ghrelin have recently been suggested. For instance, ghrelin's cardiovascular effects might have clinical relevance. Furthermore, ghrelin might be involved in the growth of some neoplasms. In conclusion, ghrelin, a new somatotrophic, orexigenic and adipogenic peptide hormone, links the regulatory systems for growth and energy balance.
Computer-based image analysis of one-dimensional electrophoretic gels used for the separation of DNA restriction fragments (1984)

A stand-alone, interactive computer system has been developed that automates the analysis of ethidium bromide-stained agarose and acrylamide gels on which DNA restriction fragments have been separated by size. High-resolution digital images of the gels are obtained using a camera that contains a one-dimensional, 2048-pixel photodiode array that is mechanically translated through 2048 discrete steps in a direction perpendicular to the gel lanes. An automatic band-detection algorithm is used to establish the positions of the gel bands. A color-video graphics system, on which both the gel image and a variety of operator-controlled overlays are displayed, allows the operator to visualize and interact with critical stages of the analysis. The principal interactive steps involve defining the regions of the image that are to be analyzed and editing the results of the band-detection process. The system produces a machine-readable output file that contains the positions, intensities, and descriptive classifications of all the bands, as well as documentary information about the experiment. This file is normally further processed on a larger computer to obtain fragment-size assignments.
The benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist DMCM decreases serotonergic transmission in rat hippocampus: An in viovo electrophysiological study (1990)

The intravenous administration of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist DMCM (6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester) dose-dependently reduced the efficacy of electrical stimulation of the 5-HT pathway in depressing the firing activity of rat hippocampus pyramidal neurons. This effect was prevented by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil and reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor agonist diazepam. This indicates that DMCM alters 5-HT transmission in the rat dorsal hippocampus via benzodiazepine receptors and that these receptors have both agonist and inverse agonist sites.
Single-/Multi-Source Cross-Lingual NER via Teacher-Student Learning on Unlabeled Data in Target Language (2020)

To better tackle the named entity recognition (NER) problem on languages with little/no labeled data, cross-lingual NER must effectively leverage knowledge learned from source languages with rich labeled data. Previous works on cross-lingual NER are mostly based on label projection with pairwise texts or direct model transfer. However, such methods either are not applicable if the labeled data in the source languages is unavailable, or do not leverage information contained in unlabeled data in the target language. In this paper, we propose a teacher-student learning method to address such limitations, where NER models in the source languages are used as teachers to train a student model on unlabeled data in the target language. The proposed method works for both single-source and multi-source crosslingual NER. For the latter, we further propose a similarity measuring method to better weight the supervision from different teacher models. Extensive experiments for 3 target languages on benchmark datasets well demonstrate that our method outperforms existing state-of-theart methods for both single-source and multisource cross-lingual NER.
Autonomous Hot Patching for Web-Based Applications (2006)

Patching technologies are commonly applied to improve the dependability of software after release. This paper proposes an autonomous hot patching (AHP) framework to fully automate the reasoning for the causes of failures, and to patch the binary code of Web-based applications. AHP admits the hardness for rooting out all faults before product release, and autonomously patches problems of application programs. By directly operating on binary code, AHP is universal to virtually all applications. A promising application of AHP is to shortcut the remote maintenance center (RMC) and hence to reduce the turn around time for patches.
Para uma poética da poesia oral infantil e juvenil (2007)

Em entrevistas efectuadas em escolas e aldeias sobretudo do concelho de Baião (distrito do\nPorto) entre 1993 e 1998, reunimos um corpus de rimas infantis que crianças e adolescentes\nadoptam, produzem e actualizam em ambiente escolar e extra-escolar. Através de um\nprocesso analítico de manifestação gradual da tessitura formal do discurso e dos segmentos\nou resíduos de sentido &amp;#8722; estéticos, culturais, antropológicos, pragmáticos, psicolinguísticos,\nsubversivos, etc. &amp;#8722;, procuramos definir as grandes linhas da morfologia textual e a sua\nligação a outros códigos artísticos.
Presentation of Papers—A Just Criticism. (1906)

Chicago, June 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —While we are still enthusiastic over the wonderful success of the Boston session and thoroughly impressed with the dignity and great efficiency of the machinery of the American Medical Association, would it not be well to consider some of the factors which have operated to qualify the complete satisfactoriness in some directions? It is obvious that the growth and general development of the Association is to present new problems which so far as may be should be anticipated. The sections, particularly in medicine and surgery, are and are destined to be still more attended to a degree that makes the complete usefulness difficult to achieve. The presentation of the formal paper necessarily is acquiring a greater prominence and the discussion by the general profession, which in former days was one of the chief pleasures, to say the least, of the session, is becoming
Adhesion Failure Mechanisms of Primers (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdhesion Failure Mechanisms of PrimersArthur G. Smith and Ray A. DickieCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1978, 17, 1, 42–44Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360065a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i360065a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Measuring and Analyzing the Magnetic Content of Drilling Fluid (2021)

Abstract Magnetic contamination of drilling fluid can impact the accuracy of a directional survey by shielding the magnetic field. Additionally, this contamination, such as swarf or finer magnetic particles, can agglomerate on the downhole tool or BOP and cause tool failure in the worst-case scenario. Thus, it is necessary to measure the magnetic content of drilling fluid. However, there is no recommended practice in API or ISO for this purpose. A simple experimental setup and measurement system was developed that can be easily deployed in the rig site to measure the magnetic contamination of drilling fluid. 47 drilling fluid samples were collected from a multilateral production well drilled with a semi-submersible drilling rig located in one of the North Sea's fields. The magnetic content of these samples was measured using the established method, and the microstructure of the collected content was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Ditch magnets are commonly installed in the flowline on the rig to remove the swarf and finer magnetic particles, if the design is optimized. Ditch magnet measurement data of the well that the drilling fluid samples were collected from is presented. Operational details and common factors that might increase the production of the magnetic content were also investigated. By comparing the measured magnetic contamination of the drilling fluid samples and ditch magnet measurement data, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the ditch magnet system.
HDL Nanoparticles Have Wound Healing and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties and Can Topically Deliver miRNAs (2020)

microRNAs regulate numerous biological processes, making them potential therapeutic agents. Problems with delivery and stability of these molecules have limited their usefulness as treatments. We demonstrate that synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NPs) topically applied to the intact ocular surface are taken up by epithelial and stromal cells. microRNAs complexed to HDL NPs (miR-HDL NPs) are similarly taken up by cells and tissues and retain biological activity. Topical treatment of diabetic mice with either HDL NPs or miR-HDL NPs significantly improved corneal re-epithelialization following wounding compared with controls. Mouse corneas with alkali burn-induced inflammation, topically treated with HDL NPs, displayed clinical, morphological and immunological improvement. These results should yield a novel HDL NP-based eye drop for patients with compromised wound healing ability (diabetics) and/or corneal inflammatory diseases (e.g. dry eye).
Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated with atrophy of the inner retinal layers (2017)

The strong relationship between cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains and atrophy of the pRNFL and mGCIPL in patients who never suffered from MSON suggests that OCT is useful in assessing central nervous system neurodegeneration in MS.
Could Ionizing Radiation Forestall Cauliflower Ear? (2001)

Repeated trauma to the ear very often results in "cauliflower ear." Many methods have been suggested to prevent an injured ear from demonstrating a cauliflowerlike deformity. The principles of treatment are evacuation of the hematoma, control of the reaccumulation of fluid, and maintenance of the cartilage contour. The authors studied the effect of ionizing radiation on deformed rabbit ears induced by repeated trauma. Twenty ears (10 rabbits) were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups (control, preradiation, low dose, and high dose). Hematoma was produced by pounding the lateral side of the auricle 10 times with a 50-g weight at a height of 15 cm. The thickness of the injured and uninjured sites was measured, and histological analysis was performed for each group. The thickness of the ears of the irradiated groups was significantly less than the control group. The authors think that radiation treatment of repeatedly injured ears could prevent ear deformity, and could possibly be an adjunctive form of management of cauliflower ear in addition to hematoma evacuation and compression therapy.