gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reassessment of 90Sr, 137Cs, and 134Cs in the Coast off Japan Derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Accident (2015)

The years following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident, the distribution of (90)Sr in seawater in the coast off Japan has received limited attention. However, (90)Sr is a major contaminant in waters accumulated within the nuclear facility and in the storage tanks. Seawater samples collected off the FDNPP in September 2013 showed radioactive levels significantly higher than pre-Fukushima levels within 6 km off the FDNPP. These samples, with up to 8.9 ± 0.4 Bq·m(-3) for (90)Sr, 124 ± 3 Bq·m(-3) for (137)Cs, and 54 ± 1 Bq·m(-3) for (134)Cs, appear to be influenced by ongoing releases from the FDNPP, with a characteristic (137)Cs/(90)Sr activity ratio of 3.5 ± 0.2. Beach surface water and groundwater collected in Sendai Bay had (137)Cs concentrations of up to 43 ± 1 Bq·m(-3), while (90)Sr was close to pre-Fukushima levels (1-2 Bq·m(-3)). These samples appear to be influenced by freshwater inputs carrying a (137)Cs/(90)Sr activity ratio closer to that of the FDNPP fallout deposited on land in the spring of 2011. Ongoing inputs of (90)Sr from FDNPP releases would be on the order of 2.3-8.5 GBq·d(-1) in September 2013, likely exceeding river inputs by 2-3 orders of magnitude. These results strongly suggest that a continuous surveillance of artificial radionuclides in the Pacific Ocean is still required.
Manufacturable Photonic Crystal Single-Mode and Fluidic Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2008)

We describe a robust manufacturing process for single-mode photonic crystal (PhC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Various PhC designs are investigated to determine endlessly single-mode designs, whereby the same PhC design yields single-mode operation for three different wavelengths (780, 850, and 980 nm). The fabrication of the PhC pattern is based on a self-aligned optical lithography process. The fabrication process results in VCSELs with a maximum output power greater than 1 mW under continuous-wave (CW) operation with side-mode suppression ratio greater than 35 dB. We also show microfluidic laser structures that are enabled by our fabrication process, which integrate fluid channels into VCSELs. Optical and electrical properties of these microfluidic VCSELs are investigated with and without fluids present under CW and pulsed operation. A shift of the lasing wavelength is found with fluid insertion.
SAP and business process re‐engineering (2000)

To remain competitive many businesses in the 1990s have undertaken business process re‐engineering (BPR) projects re‐organizing and re‐structuring their business operations. At the same time the need for an IT business solution has enabled integrated business packages such as SAP’s R/2 and R/3 to quietly dominate the IT systems industry. Although the successes and benefits of SAP have been widely published, there is little literature on the problems associated with embracing such an integrated and unique system. The paper results from a case study of the evaluation and implementation of SAP by a very large US multinational corporation in its European, Australian and New Zealand businesses. The different approaches to the installation of an integrated core system and BPR are explored. Problems and lessons that can be learnt from the company’s experiences are also highlighted in this paper.
Comment on ‘‘Femtosecond dynamics of highly excited carriers in AlxGa1−xAs’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 5 1, 161 (1987)] (1988)

In a recent paper Lin et al. j described experiments which measured relaxation times of photoexcited carriers in GaAs and AIGaAs of various compositions.They report an extremely fast decay time (e.g., 13 fs for GaAs) which was not seen by this group.2It is also stated that a 40-fs time constant is not seen in any composition sample, contrary to the work of our group.We wish to offer a partial explanation for these differences.We have performed experiments which show that the measured response depends on sample thickness (l) for sam-
Image-based Contact Detection and Static Force Estimation on Steerable RFA Catheters (2020)

Real-time force estimation is crucial for robot-assisted radio frequency ablation procedures to perform safe and effective treatment. This study proposes an image-based method for real-time force estimation on steerable catheters. To this end, first a planar mechanical model of the catheter with an unknown contact force with the endocardium was developed. Afterward, an inverse solution schema based on the deformed shape of the catheter was proposed and verified. To validate the proposed method, finite element simulation was used to obtain the deformed shape of a typical catheter with 0.5-5 N contact force. The results of the proposed image-based force estimation were in fair agreement with reference values. The absolute estimation error was less than 5% for all forces and the goodness-of-fit between estimation and reference was R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.97. The proposed method was in compliance with the accuracy and speed requirements for robot-assisted cardiac ablation procedures.
Identification of a candidate glycosaminoglycan‐binding adhesin of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (2000)

Binding of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, has the potential to promote the colonization of diverse tissues. GAG binding by B. burgdorferi is associated with haemagglutination and we have identified a 26 kDa protein, which we have termed Bgp (Borrelia GAG-binding protein), on the basis of its ability to bind to heparin and erythrocytes. Bgp was found in outer membrane fractions of B. burgdorferi and on the surface of intact bacteria, as assayed by labelling with a membrane-impermeable biotinylating agent or anti-Bgp antibodies. Purified recombinant Bgp agglutinated erythrocytes, binds to the same spectrum of GAGs as the B. burgdorferi strain from which the cloned bgp sequence was obtained, and inhibited B. burgdorferi binding to purified GAGs and to cultured mammalian cells. Thus, Bgp is a strong candidate for a GAG-binding adhesin of B. burgdorferi.
Environmental charging of spacecraft surfaces: Tests of thermal control materials for use on the global positioning system flight space vehicle. Part 1: Specimens 1 to 5 (1976)

The NASA/USAF program on the Environmental Charging of Spacecraft Surfaces consists, in part, of experimental efforts directed toward evaluating the response of materials to the environmental charged particle flux. Samples of thermal blankets of the type to be used on the Global Positioning System Flight Space Vehicles were tested to determine their response to electron flux. The primary result observed was that no discharges were obtained with the quartz-fiber-fabric-covered multilayer insulation specimen. The taped aluminized polyester grounding system used on all specimens did not appear to grossly deteriorate with time; however, the specimens require specific external pressure to maintain constant grounding system resistance.
Access Interfaces for Open Archival Information Systems based on the OAI-PMH and the OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services (2005)

In recent years, a variety of digital repository and archival systems have been developed and adopted. All of these systems aim at hosting a variety of compound digital assets and at providing tools for storing, managing and accessing those assets. This paper will focus on the definition of common and standardized access interfaces that could be deployed across such diverse digital respository and archival systems. The proposed interfaces are based on the two formal specifications that have recently emerged from the Digital Library community: The Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) and the NISO OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services (OpenURL Standard). As will be described, the former allows for the retrieval of batches of XML-based representations of digital assets, while the latter facilitates the retrieval of disseminations of a specific digital asset or of one or more of its constituents. The core properties of the proposed interfaces are explained in terms of the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS).
Induction of Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Monocytes byMycoplasma fermentans-Derived Lipoprotein MALP-2 (1999)

Bacterial infections are characterized by strong inflammatory reactions. The responsible mediators are often bacterially derived cell wall molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acids, which typically stimulate monocytes and macrophages to release a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mycoplasmas, which lack a cell wall, may also stimulate monocytes very efficiently. This study was performed to identify mycoplasma-induced mediators. We investigated the induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes exposed to the Mycoplasma fermentans-derived membrane component MALP-2 (macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2) by dose response and kinetic analysis. We found a rapid and strong MALP-2-inducible chemokine and cytokine gene expression which was followed by the release of chemokines and cytokines with peak levels after 12 to 20 h. MALP-2 induced the neutrophil-attracting CXC chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO-alpha as well as the mononuclear leukocyte-attracting CC chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. Production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 started at the same time as chemokine release but required 10- to 100-fold-higher MALP-2 doses. The data show that the mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 represents a potent inducer of chemokines and cytokines which may, by the attraction and activation of neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes, significantly contribute to the inflammatory response during mycoplasma infection.
How Many Packets Can We Encode? - An Analysis of Practical Wireless Network Coding (2008)

While the practical coding scheme has been shown to be able to improve throughput of wireless networks, there still lacks fundamental understanding on how the coding scheme works under realistic settings, namely, when it operates on a realistic physical layer and the medium access is controlled by some random access methods. In this paper, we provide a formal analysis on the performance of the practical coding scheme under such realistic settings. The key performance measure is the encoding number, i.e., the number of packets that can be encoded by a coding node in each transmission. We provide an upper bound on the encoding number for the general coding topology, and derive the average encoding number and system throughput for a general class of random access mechanisms. Based on the practical coding scheme, we also derive a tighter upper bound on the throughput gain for a general wireless network. Our results can be particularly useful for coding-related MAC/Routing protocol design and analysis.
Design of broad-band PMD compensation filters (2002)

We describe a new design approach for broad-band polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation filters. An efficient algorithm for minimization of the maximum differential group delay within a given frequency band is described.
A Comparative Insight of Potassium Vanadates as Positive Electrode Materials for Li Batteries: Influence of the Long-Range and Local Structure (2014)

Potassium vanadates with ratio K/V = 1:3, 1:4, and 1:8, prepared by a fast and facile synthesis route, were investigated as positive electrode materials in lithium batteries. KV3O8 and K0.5V2O5 have layered structures, while K0.25V2O5 exhibits a tunnel framework isomorphic to that of β-Na0.33V2O5. The Raman spectra of KV3O8, K0.5V2O5, and K0.25V2O5 compounds are reported here for the first time, and a detailed comparative analysis distinguishes spectral patterns specific to each structural arrangement. The electrochemical performances of these potassium vanadates toward lithium insertion were investigated. The potassium-richer compound KV3O8 shows a good rechargeability in spite of a low discharge capacity of 70 mAh g(-1), while the potassium-poorer bronze K0.25V2O5 exhibits the highest specific capacity of 230 mAh g(-1) but a slow and continuous capacity fade with cycling. We demonstrate that the K0.5V2O5 compound, with its double-sheet V2O5 layered framework characterized by a large interlayer spacing of 7.7 Å, is the best candidate as positive electrode for lithium battery among the potassium-vanadium bronzes and oxides. A remarkable specific capacity of 210 mAh g(-1), combined with excellent capacity retention, is achieved.
Structural details and composition of Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan in relevance to the epithelial immune function (2008)

Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection linked to increased risk of premature birth, cervical cancer and HIV. This study defines molecular domains of the parasite surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG) with distinct functions in the host immunoinflammatory response. The ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core (CPI-GC) released by mild acid had Mr of approximately 8,700 Da determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Rha, GlcN, Gal and Xyl and small amounts of GalN and Glc were found in CPI-GC. N-acetyllactosamine repeats were identified by endo-beta-galactosidase treatment followed by MALDI-MS and MS/MS and capLC/ESI-MS/MS analyses. Mild acid hydrolysis led to products rich in internal deoxyhexose residues. The CPI-GC induced chemokine production, NF-kappaB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation in human cervicovaginal epithelial cells, but neither the released saccharide components nor the lipid-devoid LPG showed these activities. These results suggest a dominant role for CPI-GC in the pathogenic epithelial response to trichomoniasis.
THz characterization of lysozyme at different conformations (2005)

This work demonstrates application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique in the low terahertz frequency range of 10-25 cm<sup>-1</sup> to discriminate between different protein conformations and evaluate possible application of THz spectroscopy for monitoring of protein folding-unfolding process. A specific procedure developed earlier for unfolding lysozyme by salt (KSCN) precipitation and refolding the lysozyme molecules by removing of KSCN and dissolving in sodium acetate was used to prepare three different forms of lysozyme. In addition, two standard procedures were used to prepare samples in unfolded conformation: denaturation at high temperature ~95&deg; C followed by fast freezing, and dissolution in 6 M guanidine. Thin, air dried protein films were characterized as well as material in the form of gel. Spectra reveal resonance features in transmission which represent vibrational modes in the protein samples. A great variability of spectral features for the different conformational states showed the sensitivity of vibrational frequencies to the three dimensional structure of proteins. The results obtained on liquid (gel) samples indicate that THz transmission spectroscopy can be used for monitoring folding-unfolding process in a realistic, aqueous environment.
Different flowering response to various fruit loads in apple cultivars correlates with degree of transcript reaccumulation of a TFL1‐encoding gene (2016)

In many perennial fruit trees, flowering in the year following a year with heavy fruit load can be quite limited. This biennial cycle of fruiting, termed alternate bearing, was described 170 years ago in apple (Malus domestica). Apple inflorescences are mainly found on short branches (spurs). Bourse shoots (BS) develop from the leaf axils of the spur. BS apices may terminate ~100 days after flowering, with formation of next year's inflorescences. We sought to determine how developing fruit on the spur prevents the adjacent BS apex from forming an inflorescence. The presence of adjacent fruit correlated with reaccumulation of transcript encoding a potential flowering inhibitor, MdTFL1-2, in BS apices prior to inflorescence initiation. BS apices without adjacent fruit that did not flower due to late fruitlet removal, neighbouring fruit on the tree, or leaf removal, also reaccumulated the MdTFL1-2 transcript. Fruit load and gibberellin (GA) application had similar effects on the expression of MdTFL1-2 and genes involved in GA biosynthesis and metabolism. Some apple cultivars are less prone to alternate bearing. We show that the response of a BS apex to different numbers of adjacent fruit differs among cultivars in both MdTFL1-2 accumulation and return flowering. These results provide a working model for the further study of alternate bearing, and help clarify the need for cultivar-specific approaches to reach stable fruit production.
Single-frequency laser spectroscopy of the boron bound exciton inS28i (2009)

While the first comparison of shallow bound exciton photoluminescence between natural Si and highly enriched $^{28}\text{S}\text{i}$ dramatically demonstrated the importance of inhomogeneous isotope broadening, the transitions in $^{28}\text{S}\text{i}$ were in fact too narrow to be resolved with the then available instrumental resolution of $0.014\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We report results for the boron bound exciton transition in highly enriched $^{28}\text{S}\text{i}$ using a novel apparatus for photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy based on a tuneable single-frequency laser source with sub-MHz resolution. Twenty well-resolved doublets, exhibiting a $^{10}\text{B}--^{11}\text{B}$ isotope splitting, are observed in the new spectra for $^{28}\text{S}\text{i}$ with isotopic enrichment $&gt;99.99%$. Linewidths as narrow as $0.0012\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (150 neV) full width at half maximum are observed for the most highly enriched sample.
Analysis and Design of Singly Terminated Transmission-Line FIR Adaptive Equalizers (2007)

We present transmission-line-based finite-impulse response (FIR) filters built using singly terminated delay lines and compare their performance with respect to circuit nonidealities. New topologies for FIR filters called bi-transversal structures, which are electrically equivalent to transversal equalizers, are introduced. We show that resistive shunt compensation of transmission lines is a useful technique that results in dramatic improvements in the performance of singly terminated transversal filters, making them excellent candidates for LMS algorithm based adaptive equalization at gigabit speeds
Antirsesorptive treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: review of randomized clinical studies and rationale for the Evista alendronate comparison (EVA) trial (2004)

Standard pharmacological antiresorptive therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis now consists of four categories of drugs: estrogens, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), bisphosponates, and calcitonin. All of these drugs have been studied in randomized controlled trials, but meaningful comparisons of the efficacy of drugs have been difficult due to differences in baseline risks for fracture and differences in study design, including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, definition of fracture, and discontinuation rates. The current paper reviews results from pivotal studies of antiresorptive therapies with fracture as a primary endpoint, as well as head-to-head trials comparing these therapies using surrogate markers of fracture risk, and introduces the first head-to-head trial with fracture as a primary endpoint. The Evista Alendronate Comparison (EVA) trial, a multi-center, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trial with two active treatment arms is currently underway to compare directly the osteoporotic fracture risk reduction efficacy of raloxifene and alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density. The results from this trial will permit more informed judgment by practitioners and provider groups concerning the relative clinical utility of these two drugs.
On the variation of urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives in pregnant and lactating ewes given diets with different protein contents (1999)

Abstract The effect of the physiological state and dietary protein level on urinary excretion of creatinine (C) and purine derivatives (PD) was studied in two experiments carried out with pregnant and lactating ewes to evaluate whether the PD/C ratio in urine can he confidently used as an index of PD excretion. In both experiments ewes were given ammonia-treated straw and concentrates including different levels of fish meal and the excretion in urine and milk and the plasma concentration of C, allantoin (AL), xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid was measured. Creatinine excretion (in urine and milk) was higher in pregnant ewes than in those lactating (492 and 420 (s.e. 10.0) μmol/kg maternal live weight 0.75 ) and no significant differences were found due to number of foetuses and dietary protein level. The coefficient of variation was 0·10 in both pregnancy and lactation and individual variation accounted for proportionately 0·78 and 0·93 of total variation. The AL/C ratio in urine was highly correlated with daily AL excretion ( r = 0·90 and 0·78 in pregnant and lactating ewes, respectively). Changes in PD excretion with experimental treatments were mainly reflected in AL, as the main component (0-83) of total PD. Most of the variation in AL excretion was explained by differences in rumen fermentable organic matter intake (RFOMI) (R 2 = 0·79) and AL excretion did not differ between treatments when expressed per kg of RFOMI. In contrast to this the ratio AL/digestible organic matter intake decreased with increasing levels of fish meal in the diet. Urinary PD excretion was better related to estimated PD kidney tubular load ( r = 0·76) than to PD plasma concentration ( r = 0·64). The results suggest that creatinine excretion is scarcely affected by the number of foetuses in pregnancy and dietary protein level but if the AL/С in urine is used instead of total collection as an index of purines absorbed in the duodenum, differences in urinary creatinine excretion due to physiological state must be accounted for.
Planar chirality and optical spin-orbit coupling for chiral Fabry-Perot cavities (2021)

We design, in a most simple way, Fabry-Perot cavities with longitudinal chiral modes by sandwiching between two smooth metallic silver mirrors a layer of polystyrene made planar chiral by torsional shear stress. We demonstrate that the helicity-preserving features of our cavities stem from a spin-orbit coupling mechanism seeded inside the cavities by the specific chiroptical features of planar chirality. Planar chirality gives rise to an extrinsic source of three-dimensional chirality under oblique illumination that endows the cavities with enantiomorphic signatures measured experimentally and simulated with excellent agreement. The simplicity of our scheme is particularly promising in the context of chiral cavity QED and polaritonic asymmetric chemistry.