gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-ITS Use Cases: Study, Extension and Classification Methodology (2018)

In the near future vehicles will be connected and able to communicate with their environment. Such technologies - commonly called Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) - aim at improving road safety, traffic efficiency and drivers comfort. To this end the C-ITS community has proposed many different use cases. In this paper, we start by making an inventory of C-ITS use cases. We then extend this list by proposing new use cases mostly related to security and privacy aspects. Finally we propose a classification methodology based on K-means algorithm to classify the use cases according to criteria we defined. We apply the proposed methodology on our use cases list using security and technical criteria. The obtained results enable to extract a subset of representative use cases from the initial list. Such subset can then be used to apply any process/method (e.g. risk analysis) on it.
Hormonal Signal Amplification Mediates Environmental Conditions during Development and Controls an Irreversible Commitment to Adulthood (2012)

Many animals can choose between different developmental fates to maximize fitness. Despite the complexity of environmental cues and life history, different developmental fates are executed in a robust fashion. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans serves as a powerful model to examine this phenomenon because it can adopt one of two developmental fates (adulthood or diapause) depending on environmental conditions. The steroid hormone dafachronic acid (DA) directs development to adulthood by regulating the transcriptional activity of the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12. The known role of DA suggests that it may be the molecular mediator of environmental condition effects on the developmental fate decision, although the mechanism is yet unknown. We used a combination of physiological and molecular biology techniques to demonstrate that commitment to reproductive adult development occurs when DA levels, produced in the neuroendocrine XXX cells, exceed a threshold. Furthermore, imaging and cell ablation experiments demonstrate that the XXX cells act as a source of DA, which, upon commitment to adult development, is amplified and propagated in the epidermis in a DAF-12 dependent manner. This positive feedback loop increases DA levels and drives adult programs in the gonad and epidermis, thus conferring the irreversibility of the decision. We show that the positive feedback loop canalizes development by ensuring that sufficient amounts of DA are dispersed throughout the body and serves as a robust fate-locking mechanism to enforce an organism-wide binary decision, despite noisy and complex environmental cues. These mechanisms are not only relevant to C. elegans but may be extended to other hormonal-based decision-making mechanisms in insects and mammals.
Testing Innovation, Employment and Distributional Impacts of Climate Policy Packages in a Macro-evolutionary Systems Setting. WWWforEurope Working Paper No. 83 (2015)

Climate policy has been mainly studied with economic models that assume representative, rational agents. However, it aims at changing behaviour associated with carbon-intensive goods that is often subject to bounded rationality and social preferences, such as status and imitation. Here we use a macroeconomic multi-agent model with such features to test the effect of various policies on both environmental and economic performance. The model is particularly suitable to address distributional impacts of climate policies, not only because populations of many agents are included, but also as these are composed of different classes of households driven by specific motivations. We simulate various policy scenarios, combining in different ways a carbon tax, a reduction of labour taxes, subsidies for green innovation, a price subsidy to consumers for less carbon-intensive products, and green government procurement. The results show pronounced differences with those obtained by rational-agent model studies. It turns out that demand-oriented subsidies lead to lower unemployment and higher output, but perform less well in terms of carbon emissions. The supply-oriented subsidy for green innovation results in a significant reduction of carbon emissions with a slight reduction of unemployment.
The effects of extreme cold on sensory nerves. (1980)

The effects of extreme cold on sensory nerves are discussed and a clinical application of these effects is proposed. The structural changes observed following the freezing of sensory nerves in the rat are described and correlated with the clinical results in patients with chronic facial pain treated by cryogenic peripheral nerve blockade. It is suggested that this technique offers features which are not shown by any other method for interrupting peripheral pain pathways and provides a useful alternative to existing methods of treatment for chronic pain.
Variational approach to quasi-two-dimensional hydrogenic impurities in arbitrary magnetic fields (1991)

Highly excited energy levels of a hydrogenic impurity atom confined in a quantum well are calculated variationally as functions of magnetic fields applied in the direction of growth. The trial wave functions are constructed on the basis of parity and nodal surface conservation, and behave correctly in both the low-field and high-field limits. With only two variational parameters for each state, all the levels associated with different subbands can, in principle, be obtained for the whole range of magnetic-field strengths. Transition energies for 1s-np (n=2,3,4) transitions in GaAs/${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$As quantum wells are compared with far-infrared photoconductivity spectra up to 9 T with a well width of 125 \AA{}. Good agreement is found in every case.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Pharmacogenomic Variation in ZNF423 Regulation of BRCA1 Expression: Individualized Breast Cancer Prevention (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5 - PDF file 147K, ChIP assay for known genotypes of rs6810983 showing functional disruption of an estrogen response element&lt;/p&gt;
Amphiphilic Polypeptoids Serve as the Connective Glue to Transform Liposomes into Multilamellar Structures with Closely Spaced Bilayers (2017)

We report the ability of hydrophobically modified polypeptoids (HMPs), which are amphiphilic pseudopeptidic macromolecules, to connect across lipid bilayers and thus form layered structures on liposomes. The HMPs are obtained by attaching hydrophobic decyl groups at random points along the polypeptoid backbone. Although native polypeptoids (with no hydrophobes) have no effect on liposomal structure, the HMPs remodel the unilamellar liposomes into structures with comparable diameters but with multiple concentric bilayers. The transition from single-bilayer to multiple-bilayer structures is revealed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The spacing between bilayers is found to be relatively uniform at ∼6.7 nm. We suggest that the amphiphilic nature of the HMPs explains the formation of multibilayered liposomes; i.e., the HMPs insert their hydrophobic tails into adjacent bilayers and thereby serve as the connective glue between bilayers. At higher HMP concentrations, the liposomes are entirely disrupted into much smaller micellelike structures through extensive hydrophobe insertion. Interestingly, these small structures can reattach to fresh unilamellar liposomes and self-assemble to form new two-bilayer liposomes. The two-bilayer liposomes in our study are reminiscent of two-bilayer organelles such as the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The observations have significance in designing new nanoscale drug delivery carriers with multiple drugs on separate lipid bilayers and extending liposome circulation times with entirely biocompatible materials.
Partition selection policies in object database garbage collection (1994)

The automatic reclamation of storage for unreferenced objects is very important in object databases. Existing language system algorithms for automatic storage reclamation have been shown to be inappropriate. In this paper, we investigate methods to improve the performance of algorithms for automatic for automatic storage reclamation of object databases. These algorithms are based on a technique called partitioned garbage collection , in which a subset of the entire database is collected independently of the rest. Specifically, we investigate the policy that is used to select what partition in the database should be collected. The policies that we propose and investigate are based on the intuition that the values of overwritten pointers provide good hints about where to find garbage. Using trace-driven simulation, we show that one of our policies requires less I/O to collect more garbage than any existing implementable policy and performs close to a near-optimal policy over a wide range of database sizes and object connectivities.
Characterization of xenobiotic responsive elements upstream from the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P-450c gene: a similarity to glucocorticoid regulatory elements (1987)

The DNA element governing the inducible expression of drug-metabolizing P-450c gene by xenobiotic treatments was investigated by gene transfer methods. A variety of dissected fragments from -844 to -1140bp region which was essential for the inducibility of P-450c gene were placed on the heterologous SV40 promoter for testing the inducibility. Mapping studies in combination with gel retardation assay defined the presence of the two xenobiotic responsive elements (XRE, XRE1, -1007 - -1021bp; XRE2, -1088 - -1092bp) composed of about 15 nucleotides which expressed the enhancer activity in response to xenobiotic inducers. The two XREs share 10 nucleotides in common out of 15 as expressed in the sequence CG/CTG/CC/TTG/CTCACGCT/AA and are arranged in the inverse orientation. They are different from DREs (drug responsive element) proposed previously (Sogawa, K. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83, 8044-8048 (1986] and expressed a strong enhancer activity in response to 3-methylcholanthrene. The XRE shows a significant homology with glucocorticoid regulatory elements and apparently needs normal functions of a putative xenobiotic receptor for the inducible enhancer activity.
Hybrid materials based on Pd nanoparticles on carbon nanostructures for environmentally benign C–C coupling chemistry (2010)

The combination of different nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures in a new hybrid material should give rise to interesting properties that combine the advantages of each of the nanocomponents. This review highlights the latest advances in the synthetic design of these hybrid materials where carbon nanostructures act as supports as well as stabilizing agents for very reactive metallic nanoparticles. The striking applications of Pd nanoparticles anchored on the surface of carbon nanostructures in C-C coupling chemistry are analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on the stability of these materials, which is linked to their recyclability. Numerous examples are given that involve the use of these catalysts in Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Rapid and efficient feeder-free generation of human adipose stromal cell–derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hASC-iPSCs) (2009)

Gupta, Deepak Mohinder MD; Panetta, Nicholas J. MD; Sun, Ning PhD; Wilson, Kitchener D. MD; Lee, Andrew BA; Jia, Fangjun PhD; Robbins, Robert C. MD; Longaker, Michael T. MD, MBA, FACS; Wu, Joseph C. MD, PhD Author Information
Effective Color Components for Pupil Diameter Measurement of Brown Eye Using a Visible-Light Camera (2018)

The pupil diameter variation are used for various intelligent system. The measurement of pupil diameter is generally performed using eye images taken with a near-infrared camera. However, the near-infrared camera is not mounted on a general PC or mobile devices. Therefore, if the pupil diameter can be measured using a visible-light camera mounted on a general PC or mobile devices, the system using pupil diameter variation can be generalized. In this paper, we investigate the effective color components for pupil detection using the visible-light camera under visible-light conditions. From the experimental results, the effective color components for pupil detection and pupil diameter measurement are R in RGB color space and H in HSV color space. In addition, as a result of measuring the pupil diameter with R and H color components, the accuracy of the visible-light camera is almost same as that of the near-infrared camera.
Inside an agent (2001)

When we discuss agent-based system construction with software developers or ask students to implement common agent architectures using object-oriented techniques, we find that it is not trivial for them to create an elegant system design from the standard presentation of these architectures in textbooks or research papers. To better communicate our interpretation of popular agent architectures, we draw UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams to guide an implementer's design. However, before we describe these diagrams, we need to review some basic features of agents. The paper considers an architecture showing a simple agent interacting with an environment. The agent senses its environment, uses what it senses to choose an action, and then performs the action through its effectors. Sensory input can include received messages, and action can be the sending of messages. To construct an agent, we need a more detailed understanding of how it functions. In particular, if we are to build one using conventional object-oriented analysis and design techniques, we should know in what ways an agent is more than just a simple object.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Synthetic Reactions Using Samarium Compounds as Catalysts (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Profile-driven cache management (2004)

Modern distributed information systems cope with disconnection and limited bandwidth by using caches. In communication-constrained situations, traditional demand-driven approaches are inadequate. Instead, caches must be preloaded in order to mitigate the absence of connectivity or the paucity of bandwidth. We propose to use application-level knowledge expressed as profiles to manage the contents of caches. We propose a simple, but rich profile language that permits high-level expression of a user's data needs for the purpose of expressing desirable contents of a cache. We consider techniques for prefetching a cache on the basis of profiles expressed in our framework, both for basic and preemptive prefetching, the latter referring to the case where staging a cache can be interrupted at any point without prior warning. We examine the effectiveness of three profile processing techniques, and show that the rich expressivity of our profile language does not prevent a fairly simple greedy algorithm from being an effective processing technique. We also show that for a large shared cache, multiple clients' profiles can be combined into a single superprofile that is representative of them all, but that when the number of clients with profiles is significantly large, a randomized approach is more scalable than a greedy approach. We believe that profiles, as described, are an enabling technology that could spawn a rich new area of research beyond cache management into network data management in general.
An autopsy case of a hemodialysis patient with multiple amyloidomas of the anus and several other organs (2006)

われわれは肛門にアミロイド腫瘤を形成した透析歴17年の血液透析患者の臨床病像を剖検結果とともに報告する. 剖検では肛門に腫瘤を形成しているほか, 腹腔内や皮下などにも多数の結節状アミロイド腫瘤が認められた. この患者は良性のIgGκ型の無症候性単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症が潜在していたが, アミロイド腫瘤はIgG染色, κ染色は陰性であり, すべてβ2, microglobulin染色で陽性を示したことから, 透析アミロイドーシスと考えられた. 腫瘤形成型の透析アミロイドーシスの報告は散見されるが, 本症例のように肛門を含め多臓器に及ぶ多発性の腫瘤形成を呈した透析患者の剖検所見を含む報告はない. 透析アミロイドーシスの発現様式のひとつとしても稀少であると考え, ここに報告する.
Development and Validation of the Finite Element Model for the Human Lower Limb of Pedestrians (2000)

An impact test procedure with a legform addressing lower limb injuries in car-pedestrian accidents has been proposed by EEVC/WG17. Although a high frequency of lower limb fractures is observed in recent accident data, this test procedure assesses knee injuries with a focus on trauma to the ligamentous structures. The goal of this study is to establish a methodology to understand injury mechanisms of both ligamentous damages and bone fractures in car-pedestrian accidents. A finite element (FE) model of the human lower limb was developed using PAM-CRASH(TM). The commercially available H-Dummy(TM) lower limb model developed by Nihon ESI for a seated position was modified to represent the standing posture of pedestrians. Mechanical properties for both bony structures and knee ligaments were determined from our extensive literature survey, and were carefully implemented in the model considering their strain rate dependency in order to simulate the dynamic response of the lower limb accurately. The element elimination option in PAMCRASH(TM) was used to simulate both bone fractures and ligamentous ruptures. Bone models were validated against test results obtained from literature in both static and dynamic conditions. The dynamic response of the knee joint was validated against the response corridors from a series of experiments with Post-Mortem Human Subject (PMHS) presented in the literature. In addition, the lower limb model was validated against published experiments with isolated lower limbs subjected to lateral impact simulating car-pedestrian accidents. The validated FE lower limb model was integrated with an upper body model with rigid segments to obtain a fullbody pedestrian model. Computer simulations using both the pedestrian model and a FE model for the car front were conducted to reconstruct a published carpedestrian impact test with PMHS. Leg fracture observed in the experiment was reproduced from the FE carpedestrian model. The developed FE model can be used as an effective tool to investigate injury mechanisms of the lower limb in car-pedestrian accidents.
Near-Infrared Absorbing Boron-dibenzopyrromethenes that Serve As Light-Harvesting Sensitizers for Polymeric Solar Cells (2011)

Hexylthiophene-conjugated boron-dibenzopyrromethenes with benzo[1,3,2]oxazaborinine rings, 1, that absorb near-infrared light with relatively high molecular extinction coefficients have been synthesized. The incorporation of 3-hexylthiophene-conjugated dye 1a at a blend ratio of 5 wt % into a polymeric solar cell based on a P3HT/indene-C(70) bisadduct (IC(70)BA) bulk heterojunction structure improved power conversion efficiency from 3.7 to 4.3%. The present work suggests that well-defined near-infrared absorbing BODIPY analogues can potentially be used as photosensitizers in polymeric solar cells.
Electrostatic micromechanic actuators (1992)

Actuators based on the electrostatic principle are one of the most important in microsystem technology. In the future, actuators of 1D or 2D type will be necessary in many fields, especially in optical deflection and scanning systems. They will solve many different problems: device fabrication processes, surface-deformation, reflection factors, optimization of movement, electrical drive and reliability. Micromechanic electrostatic torsional mirrors are described showing swivel angles up to 30 degrees .
Structural Dynamic of a Self-Assembling Peptide d-EAK16 Made of Only D-Amino Acids (2008)

We here report systematic study of structural dynamics of a 16-residue self-assembling peptide d-EAK16 made of only D-amino acids. We compare these results with its chiral counterpart L-form, l-EAK16. Circular dichroism was used to follow the structural dynamics under various temperature and pH conditions. At 25 degrees C the d-EAK16 peptide displayed a typical beta-sheet spectrum. Upon increasing the temperature above 70 degrees C, there was a spectrum shift as the 218 nm valley widens toward 210 nm. Above 80 degrees C, the d-EAK16 peptide transformed into a typical alpha-helix CD spectrum without going through a detectable random-coil intermediate. When increasing the temperature from 4 degrees C to 110 degrees C then cooling back from 110 degrees C to 4 degrees C, there was a hysteresis: the secondary structure from beta-sheet to alpha-helix and then from alpha-helix to beta-sheet occurred. d-EAK16 formed an alpha-helical conformation at pH0.76 and pH12 but formed a beta-sheet at neutral pH. The effects of various pH conditions, ionic strength and denaturing agents were also noted. Since D-form peptides are resistant to natural enzyme degradation, such drastic structural changes may be exploited for fabricating molecular sensors to detect minute environmental changes. This provides insight into the behaviors of self-assembling peptides made of D-amino acids and points the way to designing new peptide materials for biomedical engineering and nanobiotechnology.
Autoimmunity against M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor induces myocarditis and leads to a dilated cardiomyopathy‐like phenotype (2012)

Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often have autoantibodies against cardiac antigens including the M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M(2)R). To elucidate the role of autoimmunity against M(2)R in disease development, we induced an immune response against M(2)R by adoptive transfer into Rag2(-/-) mice of splenocytes from M(2)R(-/-) mice immunized with a recombinant M(2)R protein. T lymphocytes transiently infiltrated the heart in recipient mice followed by morphological changes in cardiomyocytes. These mice produced IgG antibodies against M(2)R, which bound to cardiomyocytes in vivo and decreased the amplitude of calcium signals in isolated rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Recipient mice showed increased heart weights associated with increased intraventricular diameter, decreased systolic function, and increased action potential duration, which are characteristics of DCM. Our results suggest that myocarditis and DCM associated with the presence of anti-M(2)R antibodies are autoimmune diseases with a risk of progressing to the terminal stage. Our mouse model will be useful in the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of disease progression and the development of new therapies for DCM.
A Simple Method for Auricular Reconstruction in Mild Cases of Conchal Type Microtia (2005)

The authors describe their method of helix/antihelix creation together with their algorithm of mild conchal type microtia treatment. In mild cases of conchal type microtia, they do not use a platform-based framework but fabricate the helix and the antihelix separately from costal cartilage and anchor them firmly into the corrected remnant concha. A framework created in this way is sufficiently supportive for the new ear, has good aesthetic features, and is fast and easy to fabricate. Moreover, because the procedure does not require a large amount of cartilage, it also decreases the occurrence of donor-site complications. The authors present a group of 45 patients with a total of 47 reconstructed ears and follow-up periods of from 6 months to 6 years.