gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Quesnell Bridge, Edmonton, Canada (2008)

&lt;p&gt;Quesnell Bridge (1968) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, is a six span, 315 m long bridge consisting of parabolic precast post-tensioned girders with a cast in place deck. Rehabilitation and widening of this bridge is part of City of Edmonton’s Transportation infrastructure upgrading program. Initial investigations showed that girders would be deficient in shear capacity and serviceability stresses for the new Canadian 800 kN design truck load. The deck assessment determined that significant levels of corrosion existed in the reinforcing and that replacement of deck would also be required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of this paper is to review the available options for strengthening including FRP fabric for shear strengthening, FRP plates for negative moment connection over the internal supports, and external post-tensioning for improving stresses. The results of the analysis that led to the selection of strengthening procedure and some of the issues complicating strengthening design are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;
MobiCom poster (2003)

Mobile Internet protocol version 6 (MIPv6) [1] is a proposal for handling routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. We have studied the impact of the basic functionalities of MIPv6 on the performance of TCP when a mobile node (MN) moves between networks. The experiments carried involve a real internetwork connected to the experimental wide area IPv6 backbone and the mobile IPv6 software provided by "Kame" [2].
Advanced Composite Materials by Resin Transfer Molding for Aerospace Applications (2012)

Competitiveness drives the aerospace industries to investigate new technology solutions to address market pressure and high-tech demands. The global objective is to reduce to half the amount of fuel by 2020 and at least 70% less by 2025 with respect to the Boeing 777, one of the most efficient aircraft, which is made entirely of carbon fiber. The weight saving to increase payload and the reductions of the cost/time of the production cycle are imperative targets. For these reasons, aerospace companies, which are traditionally based on the use of metal alloys, have been focusing for past decade on composite materials. The main advantages of composites with respect to metals, that are resistance to corrosion and fatigue and high performance/weight ratios, are a set of qualities for winning the current and future aerospace applications. Obviously, this is possible only through the development of economically competitive technologies.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most promising technology available today. RTM is capable of making large complex three-dimensional part with high mechanical performance, tight dimensional tolerance and high surface finish. A good design by RTM leads to fabricate three-dimensional near-net-shape complex parts, offering production of cost-effective structural parts in medium-volume quantities using low cost tooling. In addition to these advantages, the problems of the joints, typical of the metal structures, can be eliminated by integration of inserts.
Energy-Constrained Link Adaptation for MIMO OFDM Wireless Communication Systems (2010)

We present a link adaptation strategy for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communications. Our objective is to choose the optimal mode that will maximize energy efficiency or data throughput subject to a given quality of service (QoS) constraint. We formulate the link adaptation problem as a convex optimization problem and expand the set of parameters under the control of the link adaptation protocol to include: number of spatial streams, number of transmit/receive antennas, use of spatial multiplexing or space time block coding (STBC), constellation size, bandwidth, transmit power and choice of maximum likelihood (ML) or zero-forcing (ZF) for MIMO decoding. Additionally, we increase the fidelity of the energy consumption modeling relative to the prior art. The resulting solution allows us to easily and quickly search the space of possible system parameters to deliver on the QoS with minimal energy consumption. Moreover, it provides us insight into where crossovers occur in the choice of the radio parameters. Application of the results to a generic MIMO-OFDM radio shows that the proposed strategy can provide an order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency or data throughput relative to a static strategy.
Synthetic Oxygen Transport Fluids Based on Perfluorochemicals: Applications in Medicine and Biology (1991)

Recent advances in the development and assessment of synthetic oxygen transport fluids based on perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are reviewed. The basic properties of PFCs are outlined, together with the selection criteria for biomedical applications. PFCs must be emulsified for intravascular use and attention is focussed on the formulation and biocompatibility testing of both first- and second-generation emulsions and their components in man and other species. The multidisciplinary applications for PFCs in medicine and basic biomedical research are described, including the clinical use of Fluosol-DA 20% as an oxygen-carrying perfusate in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Management of ischemic diabetic foot. (2013)

Diabetic foot pathology represent the more disabling complication of diabetes. More the 1 million of diabetes patients undergo a lower limb amputation per year; 85% of these amputation are preceded by un ulcer that can be avoided by a prevention program. Critical limb ischemia (CLI), the only independent cause of major amputation in diabetic population, can be correctly treated when an early diagnosis is made. Both endoluminal and surgical revascularization procedures can be applied in diabetes with high rate of success when performed by skilled operator. Infection of diabetic foot, in particular in patients suffering from peripheral artery disease (PVD), may rapidly evolves in severe local or systemic infection putting the patient at high risk of major amputation or death. Together with an early diagnosis of infection and ischemia it is mandatory to apply a correct medical and surgical treatment protocol with the aim to control infection and to improve blood perfusion to the foot. In case of infection surgical procedure should be applied first while revascularization procedure will follow soonest. Antibiotic therapy should be chosen considering different local biological pattern and different type of infection. Reconstructive surgery, the last step in treatment of any diabetic foot lesion, must obtain a functional residual foot or a stump that will allow the patient to go back walking soonest with residual good walking capacity.
The 3-dimensional vertical FG NAND flash memory cell arrays with the novel electrical S/D technique using the Extended Sidewall Control Gate (ESCG) (2010)

We propose the novel 3-dimensional (3-D) vertical floating gate (FG) NAND flash memory cell arrays with novel electrical source/drain (S/D) technique using Extended Sidewall Control Gate (ESCG). Cylindrical FG structure cell is implemented to overcome the reliability issues of the charge trap cell such as SONOS and TANOS cell. We also propose the novel electrical S/D layer using the ESCG structure to realize the enhancement mode operation. Using this novel structure, we successfully demonstrate the normal flash cell operation with high-speed programming and superior read current due to both the increasing of coupling ratio and low resistive electrical S/D technique. Moreover, we found that the 3-D vertical flash memory cell array with novel electrical S/D technique had less interference with neighboring cells by about 50% in comparison with planar FG NAND cell. From above all, the proposed cell array is one of the candidates of Terabit 3-D vertical NAND flash cell array with high-speed read/program operation and high reliability.
A Statistical Theory of Mobile-Radio Reception (1968)

The statistical characteristics of the fields and signals in the reception of radio frequencies by a moving vehicle are deduced from a scattering propagation model. The model assumes that the field incident on the receiver antenna is composed of randomly phased azimuthal plane waves of arbitrary azimuth angles. Amplitude and phase distributions and spatial correlations of fields and signals are deduced, and a simple direct relationship is established between the signal amplitude spectrum and the product of the incident plane waves' angular distribution and the azimuthal antenna gain. The coherence of two mobile-radio signals of different frequencies is shown to depend on the statistical distribution of the relative time delays in the arrival of the component waves, and the coherent bandwidth is shown to be the inverse of the spread in time delays. Wherever possible theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results. There is sufficient agreement to indicate the validity of the approach. Agreement improves if allowance is made for the nonstationary character of mobile-radio signals.
Effects and dynamics of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks (2009)

Results: Body mass was significantly lower in infected birds than uninfected ones (mean difference almost 20 g over all groups), and the amount of virus shed by infected juvenile birds was negatively correlated to body mass. LPAI infection did not affect speed or distance of subsequent migration. Data from recaptured individuals showed that the maximum duration of infection was on average 8.3 days, with a mean minimum duration of virus shedding of only 3.1 days. Shedding time decreased during the season, suggesting that mallards attain transient immunity for LPAI infection. High LPAI subtype diversity was found and some recaptured birds showed different infections during the same season.
Improvement of the Performance of Graphite Felt Electrodes for Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Batteries by Plasma Treatment (2014)

In the frame of the present contribution oxidizing plasma pretreatment is used for the improvement of the electrocatalytic activity of graphite felt electrodes for Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Batteries (VRB). The influence of the working gas media on the catalytic activity and the surface morphology is demonstrated. The electrocatalytical properties of the graphite felt electrodes were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results show that a significant improvement of the redox reaction kinetics can be achieved for all plasma modified samples using different working gasses (Ar, N2 and compressed air) in an oxidizing environment. Nitrogen plasma treatment leads to the highest catalytical activities at the same operational conditions. Through a variation of the nitrogen plasma treatment duration a maximum performance at about 14 min cm-2was observed, which is also represented by a minimum of 90 Ω in the charge transfer resistance obtained by EIS measurements. The morphology changes of the graphitized surface were followed using SEM.
T-cell receptors: Is the repertoire inherently MHC-specific? (1997)

A debate over whether the observed specificity of the naive T-cell receptor repertoire for major histocompatibility complex molecules arises before or after selection within the thymus has apparently been settled in favour of the former by a series of new experiments.
INDIRECT ACQUISITION OF FINGERINGS OF HARMONIC NOTES ON THE FLUTE (2007)

In this paper we present an approach for the indirect acquisition of specific fingerings that produce harmonic notes on the flute.We analyse both temporal and spectral characteristics of the attack of harmonic notes produced by specific control gestures involving fingering and potentially overblowing.We then show that it is possible to acquire this effect through signal analysis using a principal component analysis on spectral data.An 8-fold crossvalidation showed this approach to be successful for a single performer playing isolated notes with mf dynamics.
Online estimation of inertia and frequency regulation capability based on small perturbation (2022)

Urged by the low-carbon economic policies, several studies have demonstrated that the vastly available renewable energy sources (RESs) are considered as the promising substitute for the energy-intensive fossil fuel synchronous generators (SGs). This means the power system will operate at low inertia level and frequency regulation capability (FRC), which is provided by conventional SGs. This may weaken the frequency dynamic regulation capability of the system under a contingency transient event. This paper, therefore, develops an inertia and FRC estimation method based on a small sinusoidal active power disturbance. Firstly, utilize the RESs (i.e., energy storage/photovoltaic/wind units and other programable devices) as a sinusoidal active power injected into a power system to obtain the frequency response in frequency domain, namely FR(s). Secondly, analyze the relation between the nodal inertia with SG or RES and the resonance frequency of the amplitude of FR(s), and the relation between the nodal FRC and the dc gain of the amplitude of FR(s), respectively. Based on the deduced relationships, an evaluation framework with the small sinusoidal perturbation for the inertia and FRC estimation is presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed small perturbation-based estimation approach in the modified 9-bus test system. This is useful for the design of the appropriate frequency control strategies for the grid operators and planners.
Dielectric surface plasmon Bragg mirrors: theory, design, and properties (2008)

Surface plasmon based photonic devices are promising candidates for highly integrated optics. An important effort in the development of these devices is dedicated to the design of systems allowing the two dimensional control of surface plasmon (SPP) propagation. Recently, it has been shown that Bragg mirrors consisting of gratings of metallic lines or indentations on a metallic surface are very efficient tools to perform this task. Alternatively, using structured dielectric layers on top of the metallic layer to build SPP optical elements based on the effective refractive index contrast has been lately demonstrated. This kind of elements relies on the same principles as conventional optical elements. Here we analyze the ability of gratings of dielectric ridges deposited on a metallic layer to act as dielectric SPP Bragg mirrors. The dispersion relation of these systems shows the presence of a gap whose position can be approximately predicted by the same relation as for standard optical Bragg mirrors. The properties of these dielectric based SPP Bragg mirrors have been examined as a function of several structural grating parameters. The obtained results have been experimentally confirmed by means of Fourier plane leakage radiation microscopy.
Enzymatic Redox 3‘-End-Labeling of DNA Oligonucleotide Monolayers on Gold Surfaces Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)-Mediated Single Base Extension (2007)

The creation of electrochemical DNA detection methods is of scientific and technological significant importance. In this study, we report an unprecedented surface enzymatic methodology for easy, rapid, and efficient redox labeling of ssDNA. This labeling strategy, based on the use of terminal transferase enzyme (TdT), localizes a single ferrocene unit at the 3‘-end of the 5‘-grafted ssDNA probe, and has the unique advantage of being template-independent. The application of such universal technology is expected to be easily adapted to various specific researches.
Regulation of Fibrinolysis by Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, an Unstable Carboxypeptidase B That Unites the Pathways of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis (2006)

The coagulation and fibrinolytic systems safeguard the patency of the vasculature and surrounding tissue. Cross regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis plays an important role in preserving a balanced hemostatic process. Identification of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis and one of the main intermediates between coagulation and fibrinolysis, greatly improved our understanding of cross regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. As TAFI is an enzyme that is activated by thrombin generated by the coagulation system, its activation is sensitive to the dynamics of the coagulation system. Defects in coagulation, such as in thrombosis or hemophilia, resonate in TAFI-mediated regulation of fibrinolysis and imply that clinical symptoms of coagulation defects are amplified by unbalanced fibrinolysis. Thrombomodulin promotes the generation of both antithrombotic activated protein C (APC) and prothrombotic (antifibrinolytic) activated TAFI, illustrating the paradoxical effects of thrombomodulin on the regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. This review will discuss the role of TAFI in the regulation of fibrinolysis and detail its regulation of activation and its potential therapeutic applications in thrombotic disease and bleeding disorders.
Flight Profile Performance Handbook. Volume 9 - UH-IH (HUEY) (1978)

Abstract : The purpose for preparing this handbook series is fourfold: (a) to validate HUEY performance data quickly, (b) to reduce the manpower and time to prepare accurate flight profiles, (c) to standardize performance data so that the analysis community can benefit from a single reference in conducting studies and (d) to provide a handbook that can be used for training in the mission profile planning area. This volume of the handbook contains tables with the precise performance data and format required to develop flight profiles for computer simulations.
Effects of heavy-ion irradiation on FeSe (2017)

We report the effects of heavy-ion irradiation on FeSe single crystals by irradiating uranium up to a dose-equivalent matching field of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}=16$ T. Almost continuous columnar defects along the $c$ axis with a diameter of $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ nm are confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. ${T}_{c}$ is found to be suppressed by introducing columnar defects at a rate of $d{T}_{c}/d{B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}0.29$ K/T, which is much larger than those observed in iron pnictides. This unexpected large suppression of ${T}_{c}$ in FeSe is discussed in relation to the large diameter of the columnar defects as well as its unique band structure with a remarkably small Fermi energy. The critical current density is first dramatically enhanced with irradiation reaching a value over $\ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}5$ times larger than that of the pristine sample) at 2 K (self-field) with ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}=2$ T, then gradually suppressed with increasing ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$. The $\ensuremath{\delta}l$ pinning associated with charge-carrier mean-free-path fluctuations and the $\ensuremath{\delta}{T}_{c}$ pinning associated with spatial fluctuations of the transition temperature are found to coexist in the pristine FeSe, while the irradiation increases the contribution from $\ensuremath{\delta}l$ pinning and makes it dominant over ${B}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}=4$ T.
Ventricular Tachycardia Terminated by Carotid Sinus Massage (1979)

Carotid sinus massage affects supraventricular arrhythmias primarily through vagotonic effects on the sinus and AV nodes, but vagal innervation of the ventricle also exists and has been shown to have functional significance. The case presented here illustrates an unusual example of a ventricular tachycardia that was repeatedly converted to normal sinus rhythm by carotid sinus massage following administration of digoxin. The clinician should be aware that a wide QRS-complex tachycardia that responds to carotid sinus massage is not necessarily supraventricular in origin.
Tips on Hybridizing, Washing, and Scanning Affymetrix Microarrays (2014)

Starting in the late 1990s, Affymetrix, Inc. produced a commercial system for hybridizing, washing, and scanning microarrays that was designed to be easy to operate and reproducible. The system used arrays packaged in a plastic cassette or chamber in which the prefabricated array was mounted and could be filled with fluid through resealable membrane ports either by hand or by an automated "fluidics station" specially designed to handle the arrays. A special rotating hybridization oven and a specially designed scanner were also required. Primarily because of automation and standardization the Affymetrix system was and still remains popular. Here, we provide a skeleton protocol with the potential pitfalls identified. It is designed to augment the protocols provided by Affymetrix.
ß-amyloid induces a dying-back process and remote trans-synaptic alterations in a microfluidic-based reconstructed neuronal network (2014)

Recent histopathological studies have shown that neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease develop along neuronal networks and that hallmarks could propagate trans-synaptically through neuronal pathways. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown, and investigations have been impeded by the complexity of brain connectivity and the need for experimental models allowing a fine manipulation of the local microenvironment at the subcellular level. In this study, we have grown primary cortical mouse neurons in microfluidic (μFD) devices to separate soma from axonal projections in fluidically isolated microenvironments, and applied β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides locally to the different cellular compartments. We observed that Aβ application to the somato-dendritic compartment triggers a “dying-back” process, involving caspase and NAD+ signalling pathways, whereas exposure of the axonal/distal compartment to Aβ deposits did not induce axonal degeneration. In contrast, co-treatment with somatic sub-toxic glutamate and axonal Aβ peptide triggered axonal degeneration. To study the consequences of such subcellular/local Aβ stress at the network level we developed new μFD multi-chamber devices containing funnel-shaped micro-channels which force unidirectional axon growth and used them to recreate in vitro an oriented cortico-hippocampal pathway. Aβ application to the cortical somato-dendritic chamber leads to a rapid cortical pre-synaptic loss. This happens concomitantly with a post-synaptic hippocampal tau-phosphorylation which could be prevented by the NMDA-receptor antagonist, MK-801, before any sign of axonal and somato-dendritic cortical alteration. Thanks to μFD-based reconstructed neuronal networks we evaluated the distant effects of local Aβ stress on neuronal subcompartments and networks. Our data indicates that distant neurotransmission modifications actively take part in the early steps of the abnormal mechanisms leading to pathology progression independently of local Aβ production. This offers new tools to decipher mechanisms underlying Braak's staging. Our data suggests that local Aβ can play a role in remote tauopathy by distant disturbance of neurotransmission, providing a putative mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal appearance of pretangles.