gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic overexpression of glycerol‐sn‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase‐1 causes insulin resistance (2007)

Hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation has been associated with insulin resistance (IR), but its role in the pathogenesis of IR is not completely understood. To determine whether hepatic TAG accumulation could cause IR in chow‐fed rats, we used an adenoviral construct to overexpress glycerol‐ sn ‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase‐1 (Ad‐GPAT‐1) in rat liver. GPAT‐1 catalyzes the first step in the de novo synthesis of TAG. Seven days after virus treatment, Ad‐GPAT‐1‐treated rats developed a fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and IR compared to Ad‐EGFP‐treated controls. Food intake, body weight, and fat pad weight did not differ between groups. Ad‐GPAT‐1‐treated rats had hepatic IR, with 2.5‐fold higher hepatic glucose output than controls during a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Hepatic diacylglycerol and lysophosphatidic acid were elevated 2‐fold, implicating these lipid metabolites in the development of hepatic IR. Hepatic PKCε was activated, providing a possible mechanism for hepatic IR. No elevations in hepatic cytokine expression, hepatic NFκB activity, or plasma cytokine levels were observed, suggesting that inflammation was not a key factor in the development of IR. Ad‐GPAT‐1‐treated rats also had mild peripheral IR as indicated by lower skeletal muscle uptake of 2‐deoxyglucose. Thus, increased hepatic TAG synthesis can cause IR in rats in the absence of obesity or a lipogenic diet. DK56598
Metabolic intervention by low carbohydrate diet suppresses the onset and progression of neuroendocrine tumors (2022)

ABSTRACT Insulin signaling often plays a role in the regulation of cancer including tumor initiation, progression, and response to treatment. In addition, the insulin-regulated PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway plays an important role in the regulation of islet cell proliferation and this pathway is hyperactivated in human non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). We therefore investigated the effect of a very low carbohydrate diet (ketogenic diet) on a mouse model that develops non-functional PanNETs to ask how reduced PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling might affect the development and progression of non-functional PanNET. We found that this dietary intervention resulted in lower PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in islet cells and a significant reduction in PanNET formation and progression. We also found that this treatment had a significant effect on the suppression of pituitary NET development. Furthermore, we found that non-functional PanNET patients with lower blood glucose levels tend to have a better prognosis than patients with higher blood glucose levels. This preclinical study shows that a dietary intervention that results in lower serum insulin levels leads to lower insulin signal within the neuroendocrine cells and has a striking suppressive effect on the development and progression of both pancreatic and pituitary NETs.
Studies of propene conversion over H-ZSM-5 demonstrate the importance of propene as an intermediate in methanol-to-hydrocarbons chemistry (2021)

A role for propene as an intermediate in methanol-to-hydrocarbons chemistry over H-ZSM-5 is considered.
Control of high frequency microactuators using active structures (2015)

A fluidically driven microactuator that generates supersonic, pulsed microjets has been implemented with smart materials to actively and precisely control the frequency of the microjets in a closed-loop manner. Since this actuator relies on a number of microscale flow and acoustic phenomena to produce the pulsed microjets, its resonant frequency is determined by its geometry and other flow parameters. The design discussed in this paper integrates piezoelectric stacks by connecting them to movable sidewalls within the actuator such that the microactuatorʼs internal geometry can be controlled by varying the voltage across the piezo-stacks. An open-loop control scheme demonstrates the frequency modulation capabilities that are enabled with this design: very large frequency deviations (up to ) around the actuator design frequency are attained at very high rates (up to 1 kHz). Closed-loop control of the microactuatorʼs frequency was also demonstrated, and the results indicate that (combined with appropriate sensors) this actuator could be used effectively for active, feedback control in high-speed, resonance-dominated flowfields. This proof of concept study clearly illustrates the ability of this robust and compact actuator to produce perturbations that can be modulated and controlled based on the desired control objective.
The Basis for Miscibility in Polyester-Polycarbonate Blends (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Basis for Miscibility in Polyester-Polycarbonate BlendsC. A. Cruz, J. W. Barlow, and D. R. PaulCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 4, 726–731Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60070a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60070a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF μ‐OXO‐BRIDGED IRON PORPHYRIN DIMERS (1980)

Abstract Bekannterweise liefert die Einelektronoxidation des u‐oxo‐Komplexes (Ia) das Dimere (Ib) mit gemischtem Oxidationszustand der Metalle.
Effects of calcium co-doping on charge traps in LSO:Ce crystals (2007)

Experimental studies of LSO:Ce crystals co-doped with various concentrations of calcium (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 at% in the melt) are presented. The optical and scintillation properties including the light output, decay time, afterglow and thermoluminescence properties are investigated as a function of calcium concentration. Experimental data show calcium co-doping tends to significantly reduce the trap population. Hence, the decay time of LSO:Ce is shortened and the afterglow is suppressed. Thermoluminescence studies show a strong correlation between the integrated thermoluminescence intensity and the calcium concentration.
Crystal structures of oxidized and reduced forms of human mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (2005)

Mammalian thioredoxin 2 is a mitochondrial isoform of highly evolutionary conserved thioredoxins. Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous protein-disulfide oxidoreductases implicated in a large variety of biological functions. In mammals, thioredoxin 2 is encoded by a nuclear gene and is targeted to mitochondria by a N-terminal mitochondrial presequence. Recently, mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 was shown to interact with components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and to play a role in the control of mitochondrial membrane potential, regulating mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. Here we report the first crystal structures of a mammalian mitochondrial thioredoxin 2. Crystal forms of reduced and oxidized human thioredoxin 2 are described at 2.0 and 1.8 A resolution. Though the folding is rather similar to that of human cytosolic/nuclear thioredoxin 1, important differences are observed during the transition between the oxidized and the reduced states of human thioredoxin 2, compared with human thioredoxin 1. In spite of the absence of the Cys residue implicated in dimer formation in human thioredoxin 1, dimerization still occurs in the crystal structure of human thioredoxin 2, mainly mediated by hydrophobic contacts, and the dimers are associated to form two-dimensional polymers. Interestingly, the structure of human thioredoxin 2 reveals possible interaction domains with human peroxiredoxin 5, a substrate protein of human thioredoxin 2 in mitochondria.
A Methodology for the Vibration Amplitude Prediction of Self-Excited Rotors Based on Dimensional Analysis (2006)

The dimensional analysis of a simple model that represents the vibration of aerodynamically unstable rotor blades is presented. Based on this analysis a methodology to determine the rotor blade vibration amplitude is outlined. The method assumes that the forcing is due solely to the self-excitation of the airfoil and that the vibration amplitude is small enough to represent the unsteady aerodynamics associated to the airfoil motion using the linearized Navier-Stokes equations. The vibration amplitude is saturated due to the non-linearity of fir-tree dry friction which is modelled using a simplified approach. To compensate for the limitations of the friction model several hypotheses need to be done, among them, the geometric similarity of the different configurations and that the aspect ratio of the rotor blades is high. The application of the method to a low-pressure-turbine bladed-disk is discussed in detail. A comparison of the present method against experimental data is presented.
The green system of FeH recorded at ambient temperatures (1990)

Mesure de plusieurs raies rotationnelles dans le spectre electronique de FeH. Mise en evidence d'un dedoublement de type lambda dans toutes les raies etudiees par fluorescence dispersee
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Quinoxaline Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors (2013)

ARIs for diabetes: A series of 2-(3-benzyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of aldose reductase (AR), a novel target for the treatment of diabetes complications. Most of the derivatives proved to be potent and selective, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar to micromolar range.
Low cost nanomechanical surfaces stress based sensors fabricated by hybrid materials (2017)

We present the fabrication of nanomechanical surface stress based transducers by using the nowadays knowns as smart materials, to achieve a power-free array of sensors that change their reflective color depending on the surface stress change induced on each sensor. Nanocomposite materials of elastomeric polymers and ordered nanoparticles embedded inside the polymer were chosen for the fabrication process. These composite materials, besides being cheap and easily fabricated in mass production, present a mechanochromic behavior producing a color change of the material when applying a deformation process mainly due to the change in the distance between nanoparticles. We have fabricated arrays of mechanochromic membranes by infiltrating colloidal photonic crystals of polystyrene nanoparticles with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Hybrids PDMS and 3D or 2D colloidal photonic crystals were prepared, and compared its sensitivity to strain changes. The color, due to the Bragg diffraction (3D) or light scattering (2D), was analyzed by UV-visible spectrometry.
Oxygen free radical scavenger capacity in aqueous models of different procyanidins from grape seeds (1991)

International audience
Using Electroless Deposition for the Preparation of Micron Sized Polymer/Metal Core/Shell Particles and Hollow Metal Spheres (2006)

Uniform and stable core-shell microspheres composed of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core and a thin metallic shell of nickel-phosphorus, cobalt-phosphorus, or mixed metal alloys (CoNiP, NiFeP, CoFeP) were prepared by dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate followed by electroless plating. The presence of the metallic shell around the particles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images of the cross-section of individual particles show that the thickness of the metal/alloy can be precisely tuned by adjusting the immersion time of the microspheres in the electroless bath. Depending on the deposited metallic material, various magnetic properties, from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, are achieved. Finally, uniform hollow metallic spheres composed of nickel, cobalt, or nickel-cobalt alloy are obtained by dissolving the polymer core.
Optical and Electrical Characterization of GaAs-Based High-Speed and High-Sensitivity Delta-Doped Resonant Cavity-Enhanced HMSM Photodetector (2005)

We have previously reported an AlGaAs-GaAs-based delta modulation doped resonant cavity-enhanced, heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal (HMSM) photodetector design with wavelength selectivity, high sensitivity, and high-speed properties. In this paper, the influences of the resonant cavity and the delta modulation-doped layer on the optical and electrical performances of HMSM photodetectors have been studied by using the transmission line model and Ramo's theorem, respectively. The microcavity offers narrow spectral bandwidth detection accompanied by a drastic increase of the optical field at the resonant wavelength, solving the tradeoff between high efficiency and high speed with the thinner absorption regions. The top AlGaAs delta modulation-doped layer presents an enhanced barrier height associated with the vertically oriented two-dimensional potential and field profiles rather than the horizontally oriented ones, providing very low dark current values and an increase in device responsivity and speed of the response. Optimizing the optical and electric field simultaneously results in high-performance photodetection without further scaling down the devices. Two separate groups of photodetectors with various geometries have been fabricated, characterized, and simulated: One with a delta modulation-doped structure, the other without this doped layer. Delta-doped photodetectors show wavelength selectivity at 850 nm with about a 30-nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM), 9.2 fA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ dark current, less than 30 fF capacitance, 10.6-ps FWHM, and 18.4-ps fall time. Photocurrent spectral response, dark current, time response, and capacitance-voltage measurements consistently show that the delta-doped detectors have the better optical and electrical performances over the undoped ones.
The Trade-Off Between Real Wages and Employment in an Open Economy (Belgium) (1991)

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we discuss the nature and quantitative order of magnitude of the trade-off between real wages and employment in the small open economy Belgium. Second, we draw policy conclusions from our positive analysis, and compare income policies with alternative approaches to employment stimulation (including shorter working hours and currency depreciation).
Ultra-broadband Supercontinuum Generation at Telecommunication Wavelengths in Dispersion Engineered Stoichiometric Si3N4 Waveguides (2016)

We demonstrate the generation of ultra-broadband supercontinua in Si3N4 waveguides at a pump wavelength of 1560nm. The supercontinuum extends to beyond 2.6 µm wavelength in the infrared and has a spectral width of more then 453THz.
The Treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection in the Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease (1995)

Antimicrobial therapy against H. pylori is indicated for all patients with documented peptic ulcer disease who have evidence of the infection. The regimen of first choice, selected on the basis of available studies, is triple therapy with bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (Table 1). For patients who are known to have taken metronidazole previously, clarithromycin may be substituted for metronidazole. For patients with active, symptomatic peptic ulcers we also recommend an antisecretory drug to promote healing and relieve symptoms. Second-choice regimens consist of combinations of two antimicrobial drugs--metronidazole, amoxicillin, or clarithromycin--with an antisecretory agent, preferably an H+/K+-ATPase antagonist such as omeprazole. The combination of a single antimicrobial drug (especially amoxicillin) with omeprazole is less efficacious and cannot be recommended. Regardless of the antimicrobial regimen used, successful eradication of H. pylori infection markedly reduces the risk of recurrent peptic ulcers. If this therapeutic approach is taken with all patients with peptic ulcers, the recurrence of ulcers should become a rarity in medical practice.
Synthese von 1α‐Hydroperoxy‐Zuckerderivaten (1987)

Synthesis of 1α‐Hydroperoxy Sugar Derivatives The title compounds 4 and 5 can be prepared from acetylated glycals with H 2 O 2 under acid catalysis.
A Study of the Relationship Between American Sign Language and English Literacy (1997)

This article presents the findings of a study of the relationship between American Sign Language (ASL) skills and English literacy among 160 deaf children. Using a specially designed test of ASL to determine three levels of ASL ability, we found that deaf children who attained the higher two levels significantly outperformed children in the lowest ASL ability level in English literacy, regardless of age and IQ. Furthermore, although deaf children with deaf mothers outperformed deaf children of hearing mothers in both ASL and English literacy, when ASL level was held constant, there was no difference between these two groups, except in the lowest level of ASL ability. The implication of this research is straightforward and powerful: Deaf children's learning of English appears to benefit from the acquisition of even a moderate fluency in ASL.
Front Cover: Perovskites on Ice: An Additive‐Free Approach to Increase the Shelf‐Life of Triple‐Cation Perovskite Precursor Solutions (12/2021) (2021)

The Front Cover shows a futuristic view of large-scale perovskite solar cell (PSC) manufacture. This includes a high-volume roll-to-roll printing facility and cold-storage of PSC precursor solutions in large industrial fridges. More information can be found in the Full Paper by M. E. O'Kane et al.
At the Point of Production: Some Aspects of Workplace Industrial Relations (1982)

Drawing on shop-floor case studies this article examines some of the values and sentiments which together with organisational, technological, market and other changes animate the processes of workplace industrial relations, and to which managers and workers appeal in seeking to mould the terms of employment in their interests. Thus some of the tensions of industrial relations may be visualised as an interplay of differing values held by managers and workers, which in part arise from their differing locations in the economic system. It is not suggested that these values outweigh the influence of power or interests. Rather they are seen, at different levels, as illustrating different perspectives, as potential sources of legitimisation for action, and as a linguistic resource or currency in discussion and argument between participants. The purpose of this article is primarily illustrative. However, it is suggested that the frequency of reference to values rooted in proprietorial and contractual concepts could offer a means of characterising management style in industrial relations.
A Novel Automated Endovascular Variable Aortic Control Device to Expand Function of Standard REBOA Catheters (2019)

Background: Endovascular methods for hemorrhage control, including resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), are evolving and are increasingly being applied clinically. Partial flow strategies to mitigate the consequences of complete aortic occlusion have been demonstrated in pre-clinical models to enhance REBOA and expand its application to various shock states. Initial studies demonstrated that controlled partial flow requires precision beyond the capabilities of manual balloon volume adjustment, therefore automation is required. Our group previously developed a proof-of-concept computer-controlled extracorporeal flow circuit capable of precision aortic flow regulation, but it was not clinically applicable. To bring this concept closer to clinical applicability, we have developed the first endovascular strategy to achieve precision aortic flow regulation, termed endovascular variable aortic control (EVAC). Methods: Following instrumentation, five Yorkshire-cross swine were subjected to controlled 25% hemorrhage, followed by precision low volume aortic flow regulation using a commercially available compliant balloon catheter pre-positioned in the descending thoracic aorta, connected to a custom, wireless syringe pump. Closed-loop feed-back algorithms based on streaming physiologic data were used to determine balloon volume changes. Results: The EVAC syringe pump was highly eff ective at maintaining precise aortic fl ow throughout the 45-minute intervention period during steady-state conditions as well as during rapid fluid administration. Aortic flow and distal mean arterial pressure remained stable during EVAC, despite changing proximal hemodynamics. Balloon volume was dynamic, averaging over 500 changes during intervention, with a mean volume change of 6.7 μL and a maximal change of 100 μL. Conclusions: The EVAC syringe pump is capable of achieving aortic flow regulation with high precision, beyond what is achievable with manual control. This serves as a model for future device design, enabling as of yet unachievable clinical therapies for hemorrhage and shock states. Future technological development is required to fully translate this into clinical use.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease in 55‐ and 35‐year‐old men and women in Sweden and Estonia (2002)

Elevated smoking prevalence is a striking difference between the Estonian and Swedish populations likely to explain the much higher CHD prevalence in Estonian men. The lower HDL cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol in Estonian 55-year-old women may explain the higher CHD prevalence in Estonian women. Furthermore, the SWESTONIA CHD study (i.e. comparison between Sweden and Estonia) shows several environmental differences between the countries populations related to fat content in food, alcohol drinking patterns, and views on CHD risk and the importance of lifestyle intervention, that could contribute to the higher CHD prevalence in Estonia.
Optical coupling between a two-dimensional photonic crystal-based microcavity and single-line defect waveguide on InP membranes (2002)

We demonstrate the mutual coupling between a microcavity and a waveguide realized in a two-dimensional photonic crystal on an InP membrane. Coupling processes are evidenced by generating guided or cavity modes by photoluminescence and by measuring locally the diffraction losses. Depending on the transfer and loss dynamics, different coupling processes are found. Finite difference time-domain simulations and additional polarization resolved luminescence measurements are performed in order to further investigate the coupling procedure.