gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Liquid-Liquid Partition Systems. I. The Distribution of Radon(0) between Various Organic Solvents and Aqueous Solutions (1965)

Abstract (1) The distribution of radon between various organic solvents and water has been determined at 25°C. Radon is always distributed better into the organic phase. The distribution constants of radon in these liquid-liquid partition systems are in the range from 25 to 80. (2) The distribution of radon between aqueous calcium chloride solution of various concentrations and carbon tetrachloride has been determined at 25°C. A remarkable salting-out effect for radon has been observed. (3) A solvent extraction method for the separation of radon from radium(II) and the decay products in aqueous solutions has been suggested.
Nanoparticles-Stabilized CO2/Brine Emulsions at Reservoir Conditions: A New Way of Mitigating Gravity Override in CO2 Floods (2018)

Abstract CO2 injection is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, the efficiency of CO2 is hindered by mobility problems. The high mobility of CO2 compared with the reservoir fluids may lead to early breakthrough of CO2, resulting in an incomplete sweep. The use of surface modified nanoparticles has provided an excellent alternative to generate a stable CO2/brine emulsion for CO2 mobility control. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of: emulsion quality, shear rates, salinity, pressure, nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle size on the strength of the emulsion. Glass beads as a porous medium and a capillary tube to measure the apparent viscosity were used to perform the tests at reservoir conditions. Three types of coated silica particles were used to conduct this study. Three qualities were tested: 50, 70 and 90%. Also, five shear rates were used to assess the strength of emulsions. Solutions with 1, 3 and 8 wt% of NaCl were used. The role of the nanoparticle size was also tested for one type of silica particles. The effect of these parameters was evaluated at high pressures (800 and 1800 psi) and temperature (50°C). For all tested materials, the quality of the emulsion was found to be an important parameter for emulsion strength. Emulsion viscosity increases as quality decreases, which indicates that the strongest emulsion was achieved at 50% quality. For silica partially modified with methylsilyl, the results showed that the change of salinity has no effect on emulsion viscosity. However, the increase of salinity produced emulsions with higher viscosities for silica modified with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silica modified with an appropriate material. The shear rate has a significant impact on the behavior of the emulsion for silica modified partially with methylsilyl group and PEG. Also, the study showed that the change of nanoparticle size has no effect on the emulsion strength. The change in pressure, however, has a significant impact on the emulsion viscosity. The use of nanoparticles to stabilize CO2/brine emulsion has the potential to mitigate the gravity override challenge in a CO2 flood. Long-term stability of nano-particle stabilized emulsion is a critical factor in selecting the appropriate emulsifying agent. This work improves our understanding of the effect of different parameters on the strength of emulsions which can be used to control CO2 mobility and, therefore, improve sweep efficiency.
Detuned lasers and the complex Lorenz equations: Subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations (1990)

By a suitable variable transformation we show that detuned lasers can be described by complex Lorenz equations and establish a close analogy between detuned lasers and baroclinic instability. The analogy enables us to get all analytical and exact results for the second threshold of the detuned single-mode lasers. In order to discriminate sub- from supercritical Hopf bifurcations, we use a combined approach of elimination procedure and normal form techniques to make a systematic calculation of the criterion for both of the systems. The influence of the parameter variations on the nature of the bifurcation is discussed in detail. For detuned lasers it is shown that, if we restrict ourselves to the case of b\ensuremath{\le}1 (b=${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{?}}$/${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, i.e., the ratio of the longitudinal to the transversal relaxation constant of the atoms) and not-too-small k (=\ensuremath{\kappa}/${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, with \ensuremath{\kappa} denoting the cavity relaxation constant) and \ensuremath{\Delta}, for given b and \ensuremath{\Delta} (\ensuremath{\Delta} and k or k and b), there exists a ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (${\mathit{b}}_{\mathit{c}}$ or ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$) such that the Hopf bifurcation is subcritical if k${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (b&gt;${\mathit{b}}_{\mathit{c}}$ or \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$) and supercritical if k&gt;${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (b${\mathit{b}}_{\mathit{c}}$ or \ensuremath{\Delta}&gt;${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$). Numerical investigations show that period-doubling bifurcations to chaos exist not only for the subcritical but also for the supercritical case.
Topological Transitions in Metamaterials: QED and Related Effects (2013)

We demonstrate a topological transition in the iso-frequency surface of a strongly anisotropic metamaterial and show the potential of this optical topological transition for controlling light-matter interaction.
A high dynamic range CMOS image sensor design based on two-frame composition (2004)

In this paper, we present a CMOS image sensor design with a high dynamic range. This feature is achieved by a two-frame scheme, in which an image is captured twice with different sensitivity levels. One of them focuses on the low light intensity part of the image, while the other focuses on the high light intensity part. After proper composition, these two frames are then combined as a single image with a higher dynamic range. The proposed scheme is a low-cost solution in the sense that it can be built on top of any traditional sensor design with only minor modification made to the on-chip controller. A simulation environment with post-layout accuracy is used to demonstrate the effectiveness. It shows that a number of pictures, e.g., the one of fireworks, can be captured more clearly than a traditional sensor.
InAlAs avalanche photodiodes for gated Geiger mode single photon counting (2010)

InAlAs-APDs were developed and characterized its detection performances for single photon counting. We succeed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio not only by the crystal quality but also by the multiplication layer design.
High performance Web site design techniques (2000)

This article presents techniques for designing Web sites that need to handle large request volumes and provide high availability. The authors present new techniques they developed for keeping cached dynamic data current and synchronizing caches with underlying databases. Many of these techniques were deployed at the official Web site for the 1998 Olympic Winter Games.
Impact of interface constraint on channel assignment in wireless mesh networks (2013)

We consider the channel assignment problem in wireless mesh networks. Due to the limited number of radio interfaces that each node is equipped with, channel assignment must ensure that the interface constraint is obeyed, i.e., the number of different channels assigned to the links incident on a node must be no greater than the number of interfaces the node is equipped with. However, interface constraint may be one of the causes that hinder the performance of some of the existing heuristics. In this paper, we use simulated annealing to solve the channel assignment problem in wireless mesh networks. We propose two neighbor generating approaches that handle the interface constraint in different ways. The first approach starts with an infeasible random solution, and by using the penalty function technique the solution finally converges to a feasible one. The second approach, on the contrary, allows only feasible solutions to be generated during the simulated annealing process. Simulations are conducted that compare our proposed simulated annealing algorithms together with a tabu-based algorithm under different network traffic scenarios. The results show that our algorithms exhibit lower network interference than the tabu-based algorithm.
BRCA2 is required for ionizing radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 complex in vivo. (1999)

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for the majority of familial breast cancers. Cells with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) and exhibit defective DNA repair. Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported to bind Rad51, a protein essential for homologous recombination and the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. In normal cells, a redistribution of Rad51 protein, manifested as formation of Rad51 nuclear foci, is seen upon IR treatment. Here we demonstrate that IR-induced Rad51 foci formation is aberrant in BRCA2- but not BRCA1-deficient tumor cells. In Capan-1 cells, which do not express functional BRCA2, there was little Rad51 foci formation in response to a wide range of radiation dosages. Moreover, forced expression of a fusion protein containing green fluorescent protein and the first Rad51-binding BRC repeat of BRCA2 in cells with wild-type BRCA2 rendered them hypersensitive to IR and cisplatin and compromised IR-induced Rad51 foci formation. In HCC1937 cells, which harbor mutation of BRCA1, IR-induced Rad51 foci were readily detected. This study suggests a requirement of BRCA2 protein for the IR-induced assembly of Rad51 complex in vivo.
The Spatial Organization of Gyeongbok Palace and The Six Ministries A venue in the Early Joseon Dynasty - The Ceremony at the Main Gate and its Meaning - (2008)

The Gyeongbok Palace was completed during the reign of King Taejo and King Sejong in the early Joseon Dynasty. The most remarkable spacious feature of the palace is that it has an inner palace wall without an outer palace wall. The absence of the outer palace wall had its origin in the palace of the late Goryeo Dynasty which did not provide the outer palace wall. Gwanghwamoon was the main gate of the palace, and the office buildings of the Six Ministries were arranged on the right side in front of the main gate. A wide road called Six Ministries Avenue was made between the builidings. The avenue was completed during the reign of the third king of Joseon, Taejong, and it was assumed that this arrangement was influenced by the government office arrangements of Nanjing, the early capital city of the Ming Dynasty. Gwanghwamoon held national rituals as well as the civic and military state examinations nations in front of the gate. The avenue was decorated with flowers and silks when kings and the royal families, or Chinese envoys enter the gate, and the civilians watched the parade, Because there was no outer palace wall, all the events held at Gwanghwamoon and the Six Ministries Avenue ware opened to the public, it was the unique feature of Gyeongbok Palace that the palaces of Goryeo dynasty and China did not have.
Please Come To The Show (2014)

Invited public-facing PechaKucha presentation at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London.&#13;\n&#13;\nOn the occasion of the book launch for 'Please come to the show: invitations &amp; flyers from the MoMA Library archive New York', edited by David Senior, published by Occasional Papers, London.&#13;\n&#13;\nOther speakers: Professor Juan Cruz, Royal College of Art; Clive Phillpot, independent art historian and critic; Fraser Muggeridge, Fraser Muggeridge Studio; and John Morgan, John Morgan Studio. Invited by Sara de Bondt and Antony Hudek, Occasional Papers, London.
If your data distribution shifts, use self-learning (2021)

We demonstrate that self-learning techniques like entropy minimization and pseudo-labeling are simple and effective at improving performance of a deployed computer vision model under systematic domain shifts. We conduct a wide range of large-scale experiments and show consistent improvements irrespective of the model architecture, the pre-training technique or the type of distribution shift. At the same time, self-learning is simple to use in practice because it does not require knowledge or access to the original training data or scheme, is robust to hyperparameter choices, is straight-forward to implement and requires only a few adaptation epochs. This makes self-learning techniques highly attractive for any practitioner who applies machine learning algorithms in the real world. We present state-of-the-art adaptation results on CIFAR10-C (8.5% error), ImageNet-C (22.0% mCE), ImageNet-R (17.4% error) and ImageNet-A (14.8% error), theoretically study the dynamics of self-supervised adaptation methods and propose a new classification dataset (ImageNet-D) which is challenging even with adaptation.
Glucosinolates in Members of the Family Brassicaceae:  Separation and Identification by LC/ESI-MS-MS (2000)

Seeds of 14 different members of the family Brassicaceae were investigated with regard to their content and composition of glucosinolates by HPLC-UV/ESI-MS-MS coupling. The seeds were extracted with hot methanol/water (70:30 v/v) and the desulfoglucosinolates isolated by anion-exchange chromatography with solid-phase extraction columns. The desulfoglucosinolates were detected by UV and identified by ESI-MS/MS with the neutral loss method. Nineteen different glucosinolates were detected in the seeds with a wide range of contents (10-200 micromol/g) and a great variation in the composition.
RADIOIODINE CONCENTRATION IN FETAL HUMAN THYROID GLAND FROM FALL-OUT (1962)

Measurements were made of the I/sup 131/ content of thyroid glands from adults, children, fetuses, and hogs collected in Michigan between 1959 and 1963. The concentration of I/sup 131/ in human fetal tissue remained fairly constant at background during the period and never reached maximum permissible concentration levels. It was concluded that values for I/sup 131/ concentration in hog thyroids may be used as an index of I/sup 131/ concentration in human thyroid tissue during periods of nuclear testing. (C.H.)
Cross-Sectional Detection of Acute HIV Infection: Timing of Transmission, Inflammation and Antiretroviral Therapy (2020)

Acute HIV infection (AHI) is a critical phase of infection when irreparable damage to the immune system occurs and subjects are very infectious. We studied subjects with AHI prospectively to develop better treatment and public health interventions.
Modern Personal Radio Systems (1996)

An exciting treatment of the practical developments in personal and mobile radio, this book gives a clear and detailed insight into many of the fundamental problems and solutions of practical systems development.
Utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement in predicting postparathyroidectomy hypocalcemia. (2008)

Percentage change in intraoperative PTH levels between the initial incision and at 10 minutes post-parathyroid adenoma excision is a significant predictor of postoperative hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.
Novel Features in the WARP-POSINST Code Suite, toward Self-Consistent Simulations of High-Intensity Beams and E-Clouds (2008)

Author(s): Vay, J.-L.; Celata, C.M.; Furman, M.A.; Seidl, P.A.; Sonnad, K.; Cohen, R.H.; Friedman, A.; Grote, D.P.; Covo, M. Kireeff; Sharp, W.M.; Stoltz, P.; Veitzer, S.A.; Verboncoeur, J.
A Protein Involved in the Assembly of an Extracellular Calcium Storage Matrix (2010)

Gastroliths, the calcium storage organs of crustaceans, consist of chitin-protein-mineral complexes in which the mineral component is stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate. To date, only three proteins, GAP 65, gastrolith matrix protein (GAMP), and orchestin, have been identified in gastroliths. Here, we report a novel protein, GAP 10, isolated from the gastrolith of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus and specifically expressed in its gastrolith disc. The encoding gene was cloned by partial sequencing of the protein extracted from the gastrolith matrix. Based on an assembled microarray cDNA chip, GAP 10 transcripts were found to be highly (12-fold) up-regulated in premolt gastrolith disc and significantly down-regulated in the hypodermis at the same molt stage. The deduced protein sequence of GAP 10 lacks chitin-binding domains and does not show homology to known proteins in the GenBank data base. It does, however, have an amino acid composition that has similarity to proteins extracted from invertebrate and ascidian-calcified extracellular matrices. The GAP 10 sequence contains a predicted signal peptide and predicted phosphorylation sites. In addition, the protein is phosphorylated and exhibits calcium-binding ability. Repeated daily injections of GAP 10 double strand RNA to premolt C. quadricarinatus resulted in a prolonged premolt stage and in the development of gastroliths with irregularly rough surfaces. These findings suggest that GAP 10 may be involved in the assembly of the gastrolith chitin-protein-mineral complex, particularly in the deposition of amorphous calcium carbonate.
Methods For Electronic 3-D Moving Pictures Without Glasses (1987)

This paper describes implementation approaches in image acquisition and playback for 3-D computer graphics, 3-D television and 3-D theatre movies without special glasses. Projection lamps, spatial light modulators, CRT&apos;s and dynamic scanning are all eliminated by the application of an active image array, all static components and a semi-specular screen. The resulting picture shows horizontal parallax with a wide horizontal view field (up to 360 de-grees) giving a holographic appearance in full color with smooth continuous viewing without speckle. Static component systems are compared with dynamic component systems using both linear and circular arrays. Implementation of computer graphic systems are shown that allow complex shaded color images to extend from the viewer&apos;s eyes to infinity. Large screen systems visible by hundreds of people are feasible by the use of low f-stops and high gain screens in projection. Screen geometries and special screen properties are shown. Viewing characteristics offer no restrictions in view-position over the entire view-field and have a &quot;look-around&quot; feature for all the categories of computer graphics, television and movies. Standard video cassettes and optical discs can also interface the system to generate a 3-D window viewable without glasses. A prognosis is given for technology application to 3-D pictures without glasses that replicate the daily viewing experience. Super-position of computer graphics on real-world pictures is shown feasible.
Behind Heathendom: Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion (2005)

This paper offers a synthesis of a large body of research into the Norse which has been conducted as part of a multidisciplinary research projekt - Vagar till Midgard - Roads to Midgard. Evidence for Pre-Christian Norse religion is drawn from Medieval Icelandic literature, place-names and the archaeology of ritual sites. The movement from open-air sites to purpose built ritual houses and finally churches is outlined. The prolonged contact with the Mediterranean world during the Roman Iron Age exerted a strong influence on Old Norse religion and some of the most distinctively Scandinavian religious features can be seen to be hybrid cultural constructs.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Breast Biopsies: Tips and Tricks (2010)

As a robust imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast offers sensitivity that approaches 100% for invasive carcinoma and approaches 80%e90% for in situ carcinoma [1e4]. As with all breast imaging modalities, there is an overlap between benign and malignant features which necessitate biopsy [5,6]. Because many lesions identified on MRI will be occult on other imaging modalities, biopsy under MR (magnetic resonance) guidance is an integral part of any breast imaging program in today’s imaging paradigm (Figure 1). The instrumentation and basic methodology for MRI-guided biopsies performed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) was previously reviewed [7]. With this methodology as a foundation, and based on the institution’s experience with over 2000 biopsies, we present 10 tips that we have found useful in performing this procedure safely, accurately, and efficiently.
Gap Waveguide Technology (2019)

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Labmat: Learned Feature-Domain Block Matching For Image Restoration (2021)

Grouping of similar patches, called block matching, has been widely used in image restoration applications. Popular block matching algorithms exploit image non-local similarities in spatial or a fixed transform domain, e.g., wavelets and DCT. However, applying these methods on corrupted patches usually leads to degraded matching accuracy, thus limiting the image restoration performance. In this work, we develop a novel methodology for performing block matching in a supervised way by learning multi-layer sparsifying transforms. The proposed learned transform-domain block matching method for image restoration, dubbed LABMAT, is shown to have better accuracy in terms of clustering similar blocks in the presence of noise, and it also achieves an improved denoising performance when it is incorporated into popular non-local denoising schemes.
ECT for Treatment-Resistant Depression: The State of the Art (2013)

For patients with treatment-resistant depression—especially geriatric patients—ECT is a viable treatment option . . . one that should no longer be relegated to the option of last resort.
Out-of-step protection for multi-machine power systems using local measurements (2015)

The classical equal area criterion in the power-angle domain, which is typically used for power systems planning/stability studies, is modified to the time domain for out-of-step protection. Wide-area measurements are necessary to obtain the power-angle information if the traditional equal area criterion is applied for out-of-step detection. However, its time-domain modification requires only the information local to the out-of-step relay. The proposed method evaluates the transient energy, which is the area under the power-time curve, and by comparing the areas, differentiation between stable and out-of-step swings is made. The proposed method can be directly applied to multimachine power systems without network reduction, unlike the conventional equal area criterion in which the equivalent two area of the multimachine system needs to be obtained. The proposed out-of-step detection method has been tested on a Single Machine Infinite Bus System and a 17-Bus Multimachine system.