gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularized autoregressive analysis of intravascular ultrasound backscatter: improvement in spatial accuracy of tissue maps (2004)

Autoregressive (AR) models are qualified for analysis of stochastic, short-time data, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) backscatter. Regularization is required for AR analysis of short data lengths with an aim to increase spatial accuracy of predicted plaque composition and was achieved by determining suitable AR orders for short data records. Conventional methods of determining order were compared to the use of trend in the mean square error for determining order. Radio-frequency data from 101 fibrous, 56 fibro-lipidic, 50 calcified, and 70 lipid-core regions of interest (ROIs) were collected ex vivo from 51 human coronary arteries with 30 MHz unfocused IVUS transducers. Spectra were computed for AR model orders between 3-20 for data representing ROIs of two sizes (32 and 16 samples at 100 MHz sampling frequency) and were analyzed in the 17-42 MHz bandwidth. These spectra were characterized based on eight previously identified parameters. Statistical classification schemes were computed from 75% of the data and cross-validated with the remaining 25% using matched histology. The results determined the suitable AR order numbers for the two ROI sizes. Conventional methods of determining order did not perform well. Trend in the mean square error was identified as the most suitable factor for regularization of short record lengths.
A Novel Subgraph Querying Method on Directed Weighted Graphs (2018)

The usage of graphs has led to the emergence of schema queries in knowledge graph and graph databases, where subgraph queries have become one of the most important research problems. In this paper, we study the directed weighted graphs, and propose a subgraph querying method NGraph based on shortest weight paths. Specifically, we extract three features: vertices, edges and shortest weight paths, which can effectively describe a data graph. Then, the extracted three features are encoded according to corresponding coding approaches and the coding results are combined to form vertex codes and graph codes. The index tree is then built by the encoding of the graph, which is each of the graph sets. According to the filtering-and-verification framework, the candidate set is obtained. Finally, the result set is verified according to VF2 algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accelerate the querying on directed graphs, and thus improves the querying efficiency.
Scaling Behavior of the Elastic Modulus in Colloidal Networks of Fat Crystals (2003)

The scaling relationship between the shear elastic modulus and the solid fat content (SFC) was determined for anhydrous milk fat (AMF), palm oil (PO), and cocoa butter (CB). The fats were diluted with canola oil to achieve specific SFCs and crystallized at 5 °C for 24 h. SFC decreased linearly by increasing the canola oil mass fraction as determined by pulsed NMR. Log−log plots of the shear storage modulus (G‘) versus the solids' volume fraction (Φ = SFC/100) of the diluted fats were used to determine the fractal dimension (D) of the networks. Three different linear regions were identified for the range of dilutions studied. The scaling relationship of the stress at the limit of linearity (σo) to Φ indicated that the fats were in the weak-link rheological regime in all three regions. These results suggested that three different types of weak-link rheological regimes could be present in the same material depending on the SFC. Polarized light microscopy showed that varying the solid fat content (SFC) modified the microstructure of these fats. In general, at low SFCs, large crystal clusters were observed, while at high SFCs, only a fine crystal mass was detected. Crystallite morphology and size distribution was also affected by dilution. The onset of crystallization temperature (Tc) and the peak melting temperature decreased with decreasing SFC in the three fats; however, plots of Tc versus SFC demonstrated the existence of distinct linear regions that were similar to those identified in the rheological data. Moreover, Hildebrand plots also demonstrated the existence of distinct linear regions, of characteristic solution behavior, which agreed closely with crystallization and rheological results. We propose that, upon dilution, changes in crystal phase behavior lead to changes in the crystallization kinetics of the fats. This in turn translated into alterations in the microstructure of the fat, which ultimately affected its mechanical properties.
Receptors and signaling in the innate immune system (2005)

Purpose of review In this review, we highlight the current conceptual framework for innate immunity. Recent findings We highlight the interactions of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, non-Toll-like membrane-bound pattern recognition receptors, and intracellular sensors neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1-leucine-rich repeat (NLRs). Toll-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate signaling pathways that induce the expression of immune and proinflammatory genes. Toll-like receptors use overlapping signaling pathways that largely depend on intracellular adaptor molecules. Recent evidence suggests that non-Toll-like membrane-bound pattern recognition receptors such as dectin-1, CD36, and CD14 collaborate with Toll-like receptors in pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition or use Toll-like receptors as signaling partners. NLRs, whose function is to detect intracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns, also share the signaling pathways used by some Toll-like receptors, suggesting cooperation and synergy between NLRs and Toll-like receptors. Summary The integration of signals generated from Toll-like receptors and other non-Toll-like receptors might instruct the nature and outcome of the immune response to a particular pathogen. This has implications for inflammatory diseases and host defense, because understanding these precise interactions presents novel targets for specific therapeutics.
CA 19-9 ELISA test: a new method for studying mucus changes in tears (1998)

Impression cytology can be regarded as a valuable method for obtaining samples of glycoconjugates of mucin. The decrease of sialylated chains observed with this method confirms the hypothesis that some quantitative changes in the tear film may be encountered in ocular surface disorders.
Definition of Differentiated Services Per Domain Behaviors and Rules for their Specification (2001)

The differentiated services framework enables quality-of-service provisioning within a network domain by applying rules at the edges to create traffic aggregates and coupling each of these with a specific forwarding path treatment in the domain through use of a codepoint in the IP header. The diffserv WG has defined the general architecture for differentiated services and has focused on the forwarding path behavior required in routers, known as "per-hop forwarding behaviors" (or PHBs). The WG has also discussed functionality required at diffserv (DS) domain edges to select (classifiers) and condition (e.g., policing and shaping) traffic according to the rules. Short-term changes in the QoS goals for a DS domain are implemented by changing only the configuration of these edge behaviors without necessarily reconfiguring the behavior of interior network nodes. The next step is to formulate examples of how forwarding path components (PHBs, classifiers, and traffic conditioners) can be used to compose traffic aggregates whose packets experience specific forwarding characteristics as they transit a differentiated services domain. The WG has decided to use the term per-domain behavior, or PDB, to describe the behavior experienced by a particular set of packets as they cross a DS domain. A PDB is characterized by specific metrics that quantify the treatment a set of packets with a particular DSCP (or set of DSCPs) will receive as it crosses a DS domain. A PDB specifies a forwarding path treatment for a traffic aggregate and, due to the role that particular choices of edge and
From Human Mobility to Data Mobility: Leveraging Spatiotemporal History in Device-to-Device Information Diffusion (2016)

Supporting mobile applications in densely populated environments requires connecting mobile users and their devices with the surrounding digital landscape. Device-to-device communications (without the support of an infrastructure) will play a critical role in facilitating transparent access to proximate digital resources. A variety of approaches exist to support device-to-device dissemination, yet very few capitalize on the contextual history of disseminated data itself to distribute additional data. We introduce a fully decentralized model that captures the causal history of shared information across a lifetime of device-to-device propagation. Our approach enhances each transmitted message with a spatiotemporal trajectory, a portion of the message's contextual history, which provides a window into the time-varying state of the network and the overall spreading behavior of the message. We benchmark the performance of spatiotemporal trajectories at a global level and demonstrate the practical utility of our constructs for making intelligent distributed routing decisions through two use cases. The first illustrates how locally-available contextual history may be used to make inferences about remote nodes' knowledge and thus direct routing of future messages. The second example uses trajectories from different types of data to identify commonly co-located data and devices, which can then be used as substitutable routing targets.
Reconciled rat and human metabolic networks for comparative toxicogenomics and biomarker predictions (2017)

The laboratory rat has been used as a surrogate to study human biology for more than a century. Here we present the first genome-scale network reconstruction of Rattus norvegicus metabolism, iRno, and a significantly improved reconstruction of human metabolism, iHsa. These curated models comprehensively capture metabolic features known to distinguish rats from humans including vitamin C and bile acid synthesis pathways. After reconciling network differences between iRno and iHsa, we integrate toxicogenomics data from rat and human hepatocytes, to generate biomarker predictions in response to 76 drugs. We validate comparative predictions for xanthine derivatives with new experimental data and literature-based evidence delineating metabolite biomarkers unique to humans. Our results provide mechanistic insights into species-specific metabolism and facilitate the selection of biomarkers consistent with rat and human biology. These models can serve as powerful computational platforms for contextualizing experimental data and making functional predictions for clinical and basic science applications.
Informational modeling of tissue-like materials using ultrasound (2015)

The correlation between disease pathology and tissue stiffness can be exploited to detect and potentially diagnose abnormal tissue states. Elastography is an imaging modality that attempts to image tissue stiffness by measuring local displacements caused by an applied force and calculating a strain map. Some elasticity imaging techniques attempt to assign a material parameter, such as Young's or shear modulus, to the imaged region in an effort to increase specificity. Unfortunately, the inversion techniques require many simplifying assumptions which lead to errors in the parameter estimates. One possible solution to increase accuracy in estimation is to first build an empirical model of the tissue using measured force-displacement data, thus eliminating the need for a priori assumptions. We propose the use of informational models for this purpose.
Inhibition by Alkylamines of NADPH Oxidase Through Blocking the Assembly of Enzyme Components (1999)

Alkylamines inhibit NADPH oxidase both in intact neutrophils and in a cell-free system. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect. Among alkylamines with different chain lengths, the C12 compound (laurylamine) showed the greatest inhibitory effect on the cell-free NADPH oxidase activity induced by arachidonic acid (AA) in the presence of GTPgammaS. The inhibition was overcome by further addition of AA, and it was observed irrespective of whether laurylamine was added before or after the enzyme activation by AA. When added prior to the enzyme activation, laurylamine blocked translocation to the membrane of all three cytosolic components (p47-phox, p67-phox and rac) in a cell-free translocation assay. When added after the activation, laurylamine released only rac from the membrane. Laurylamine did not inhibit the reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase, suggesting that it does not have superoxide-scavenging activity. These results indicate that laurylamine inhibits both the activation process of NADPH oxidase and the activated enzyme itself by blocking the assembly of the oxidase components.
Coherent solid-state LIDAR with silicon photonic optical phased arrays (2017)

We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of coherent solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR) using optical phased arrays in a silicon photonics platform. An integrated transmitting and receiving frequency-modulated continuous-wave circuit was initially developed and tested to confirm on-chip ranging. Simultaneous distance and velocity measurements were performed using triangular frequency modulation. Transmitting and receiving optical phased arrays were added to the system for on-chip beam collimation, and solid-state beam steering and ranging measurements using this system are shown. A cascaded optical phase shifter architecture with multiple groups was used to simplify system control and allow for a compact packaged device. This system was fabricated within a 300 mm wafer CMOS-compatible platform and paves the way for disruptive low-cost and compact LIDAR on-chip technology.
RF System for the PEP Storage Ring (1977)

The main parameters of the rf system for the PEP storage ring are given. A total of 6 MW will be provided by twelve klystrons, each capable of delivering 500 kW of continuous rf power. Each klystron feeds two accelerating cavity sections, each 2.1 meters in length. The general layout is shown. The klystrons are housed in shelters above ground. The wave guides run through vertical penetrations to connect the klystrons to the accelerating cavities in the tunnel. The shelters are placed at three symmetrical regions around the ring. At each of regions 4, 8, and 12 there will be four klystrons and their eight cavities with the eight cavities all being grouped together in the long straight section on one side of an interaction region. The klystron power supplies are on pads outside the shelters. They are unregulated but their voltage may be slowly varied over a 40 percent range by means of variable voltage transformers in the 12 kV input line to each power supply. The output of each power supply passes into the shelter to a high voltage cabinet which contains filter capacitors, crowbars, interlock circuits, and control and metering circuits.
Mid-infrared III-V diode lasers for trace-gas sensing (2002)

Semiconductor diode lasers are well-suited as sources for trace-gas monitoring systems using laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS). They are compact, and as single-mode, distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, their wavelengths tune continuously and accurately with current and temperature. In the near-infrared from about 1.25 to 2 /spl mu/m, diode lasers with wavelengths corresponding to the molecular absorption lines are commercially available.
Anti-Salmonella Activity of Lemongrass Oil Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics (2005)

The effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (Lemongrass oil) and its main component, citral (84.30%), on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. C. citratus oil and citral significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. The combined effects of C. citratus oil and citral (84.30%) were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Essential oil fractions of C. citratus and citral exhibited strong synergistic or additive effects with streptomycin or kanamycin against S. typhimurium strains with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.28 to 1.00. In conclusion, a combination of streptomycin and lemongrass oil or its main component, citral, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.
Learning With Media (2018)

Abstract. Digital media, such as interactive video, games, and immersive worlds, offer rich visual perspectives, often allowing one to experience events through another’s eyes. While prior research indicates that considering alternative perspectives facilitates understanding, little is known about how media-enhanced perspectives affect learning processes for higher-order concepts that require synthesis of ideas and making inferences such as reasoning about problems in science. Two experiments used digital video of a science instructional event to investigate features of visual perspective on engagement and knowledge construction. Study 1 showed that an embodied first-person viewpoint achieved using a head-mounted camera better supported learning than a traditional third-person view of the same event. In Study 2, applying a motion algorithm to both a first-person and third-person video allowed us to isolate the effects of viewpoint and camera motion. While the addition of artificial motion benefited learning for third-person viewers, only motion that is aligned with the actor’s actions and affect enhances first-person viewing. Findings are considered in terms of how certain media position learners in relation to educational content. Specifically, we argue that media features such as viewpoint and motion can be configured in ways to create “fields of potential action” that engage viewers and optimize conditions for learning.
Tuning the electrical properties of polyaniline by copolymerization with o-bromoaniline (2017)

Polyaniline, poly(o-bromoaniline) and poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline)s have been prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization methods. A series of poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline) derivatives has been prepared by the chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline with different mole ratio of o-bromoaniline by varying the feed ratios of the monomers with the introduction of o-bromoaniline units along the polymer backbone. The morphology of each poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline) derivative is observed as a porous network of aggregated nanoparticles with each nanoparticle having smaller nanoflake structures. Room temperature electrical conductivity studies reveal that polyaniline has a conductivity value of the order of 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S/cm. However, the corresponding poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline), with 10% o-bromoaniline content, shows a fivefold increase of the electrical conductivity relative to the polyaniline homopolymer. The different polymer derivatives were characterized by 1 H NMR spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐DIMETHYL‐TETRAZOLIUMCARBONYLFERRATE, AUSGANGSPRODUKTE FUER 1,4‐DIMETHYL‐TETRAZOLINYLIDEN‐ UND BIS‐(METHYLAMINO)‐CARBEN‐KOMPLEXE (1972)

Abstract Na‐hydrogentetracarbonylferrat reagiert mit dem Tetrazoliumsalz (Ia) in wäß‐ riger Lösung zu einem Gemisch aus der Verbindung (Ib) mit mehrkernigen Carbonylferraten, die sich unter Abspaltung von Wasserstoff und Stickstoff bei Raumtemperatur zu den Fe(O)‐Komplexen (II) und (III) zersetzen, deren Struktur anhand von NMR‐, IR‐ und massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen bestimmt und diskutiert wird.
Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for 2D Optics (2018)

Abstract 2D optics is gradually emerging as a frontier in modern optics. Plasmons in graphene provide a prominent platform for 2D optics in which the light is squeezed into atomic scale. This report highlights some recent progresses in graphene plasmons toward the 2D optics. The launch, observation, and advanced manipulation of propagating graphene plasmons for 2D optical circuits are described. Representative achievements associated with graphene metasurfaces, challenges, recent progresses like photoexcited graphene metasurfaces, and the transformation optics linking 2D to bulk optics with singularity are investigated.
Terpyridine-Based Monolayer Electrochromic Materials (2017)

Novel electrochromic (EC) materials were developed and formed by a two-step chemical deposition process. First, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridin-4'-ylphosphonic acid, L, was deposited on the surface of a nanostructured conductive indium-tin oxide (ITO) screen-printed support by simple submerging of the support into an aqueous solution of L. Further reaction of the SAM with Fe or Ru ions results in the formation of a monolayer of the redox-active metal complex covalently bound to the ITO support (Fe-L/ITO and Ru-L/ITO, respectively). These novel light-reflective EC materials demonstrate a high color difference, significant durability, and fast switching speed. The Fe-based material shows an excellent change of optical density and coloration efficiency. The results of thermogravimetric analysis suggest high thermal stability of the materials. Indeed, the EC characteristics do not change significantly after heating of Fe-L/ITO at 100 °C for 1 week, confirming the excellent stability and high EC reversibility. The proposed fabrication approach that utilizes interparticle porosity of the support and requires as low as a monolayer of EC active molecule benefits from the significant molecular economy when compared with traditional polymer-based EC devices and is significantly less time-consuming than layer-by-layer growth of coordination-based molecular assemblies.
Noise and Sensitivity of Harmonic Radar Architecture for Remote Sensing and Detection of Vital Signs (2014)

This paper addresses noise and sensitivity issues in remote sensing and detection of vital signs based on a continuous wave biomedical radar operating at multiple harmonic carrier frequencies or channels. This Doppler radar makes use of a single mixer, taking advantage of the inherent nonlinearity and harmonic characteristics of the mixer. Other system building elements such as antennas, amplifiers, and circulators can also operate at and comply with multiple harmonic frequencies or channels requirements, which makes the system compact. Noise is one of the most important factors that affect the sensitivity of this type of system. The total noise is the combined contribution of thermal noise, residual phase noise, and flicker noise. Flicker noise is found to be the critical parameter for the baseband detection. Experimental results show that with the use of the harmonic radar technique, the flicker noise can be reduced by 20 dB around 1-Hz baseband frequency compared with the counterpart in a conventional radar operating at single frequency. The noise and sensitivity of a harmonic radar system operating at 12 and 24 GHz for vital signs detection are studied theoretically and experimentally. It is proven that the harmonic radar solution is able to increase detection sensitivity by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of the harmonic radar is tested experimentally with a moving plate and also a real patient. For the heartbeat detection, an oximeter giving the oxygen saturation of blood and heart rate is used as the reference.