gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of synthetic aperture sequential beamforming (2012)

In this study clinically relevant ultrasound images generated with synthetic aperture sequential beamforming (SASB) is compared to images generated with a conventional technique. The advantage of SASB is the ability to produce high resolution ultrasound images with a high frame rate and at the same time massively reduce the amount of generated data. SASB was implemented in a system consisting of a conventional ultrasound scanner connected to a PC via a research interface. This setup enables simultaneous recording with both SASB and conventional technique. Eighteen volunteers were ultrasound scanned abdominally, and 84 sequence pairs were recorded. Each sequence pair consists of two simultaneous recordings of the same anatomical location with SASB and conventional B-mode imaging. The images were evaluated in terms of spatial resolution, contrast, unwanted artifacts, and penetration depth of the ultrasound beam. Five ultrasound experts (radiologists) evaluated the sequence pairs in a side-by-side comparison, and the results show that image quality using SASB was better than conventional B-mode imaging. 73 % of the evaluations favored SASB, and a probability of 70 % was calculated for a new radiologist to prefer SASB over conventional imaging, if a new sequence was recorded. There was no significant difference in penetration depth.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WOMEN TENNIS PLAYERS WEARING ONE AND TWO-PIECE UNIFORMS IN A WARM AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT (2002)

World class and recreational tennis tournaments frequently take place in warm and humid environments that can challenge thermoregulatory responses over extended periods. PURPOSE: This study was designed to monitor and assess the physiological stresses experienced by women tennis players during a 50-minute period of intermittent exercise, as well as examining the possible effects of garment design. METHODS: Twelve women (35.3 ± 10.8 years) carried out two intermittent treadmill protocols on separate days in an environment controlled at 30°C and 75% relative humidity. The women wore a two-piece uniform (P2) on one day and a one-piece uniform (P1) on the other, with test order counterbalanced. The treadmill exercise was designed to simulate competitive tennis activity with respect to time spent during work/rest activities, the average intensity of which was set at 70% of VO2max. The subjects were monitored continuously for skin temperatures at eight different sites and core temperatures by a rectal thermistor inserted 12 cm beyond the anal sphincter. Heart rate was monitored continuously and recorded at 5-minute intervals. Total sweat loss and percent evaporation were determined by measuring pre- and post-experiment nude and clothed body weights. RESULTS: Mean core temperature increases of 1.49 ± 0.49°C for P1 and 1.42 ± 0.43°C for P2 showed no statistically significant difference. Mean core temperatures at the end of exercise for P1 of 39.00 ± 0.60°C and 39.04 ± 0.68°C for P2, and mean maximum heart rates of 163.6 ± 13.4 and 163.4 ± 15.4 bpm respectively were not significantly different. Maximum mean skin temperature was 35.12 ± 0.77°C while wearing P1 and 34.93 ± 0.79°C in P2. Total mean sweat loss for P1 (1134.2 ± 353.3 g.) was significantly higher than P2 (1012.5 ± 320.5 g.). Average percent sweat evaporated showed no difference between P1 (71.6 ± 8.5%) and P2 (73.5 ± 11.8%)(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results give an indication of the thermoregulatory challenges faced by women tennis players during practice and tournament play in warm, humid environments. Coaches and trainers should be aware of these demands during both training and preparation for tournaments. Although differences between garment designs did not appear to have a major effect on physiological responses in this environment, the significant difference in total sweat loss suggests that further investigation is necessary to fully determine the possible impact of design and fit on comfort and possibly performance.
Investigation of a new three bits cell concept (2008)

New innovative electronics applications require larger memory capacity with decreasing memory array size. In this way, architectures implementing multi-bits or multi-level operations draw much attention because they proved to be one of the ways to reach this goal. In this paper, a Three Bits Cell concept, allowing 3 bits functionality, is investigated. This solution is obtained with multi-bits and multi-level memory combination. Such memory cell requires a perfect control of injection mechanisms. This paper presents cell design and injection mechanisms optimization. This cell is based on two floating gates architecture coupling with a middle channel implant. The erasing operation is done by Fowler-Nordheim with sharp effect (FNSE) in the floating gates. This injection needs a precise process creating a sharp edge on the floating gate. CAFM measurements showed that this sharp effect increases the tunneling electric field by a factor of 400 locally. Furthermore, a study is achieved with different doping characteristics to improve electron Band To Band Tunneling effect (eBTBT) used during writing operation. This study leads to an increase of the injection current, which is 10 times greater than a classical structure. The electrical characterizations of these mechanisms are performed to highlight the huge possibilities of this cell.
Active vision for complete scene reconstruction and exploration (1999)

Deals with the 3D structure estimation and exploration of static scenes using active vision. Our method is based on the structure from controlled motion approach that constrains camera motions to obtain an optimal estimation of the 3D structure of a geometrical primitive. Since this approach involves gazing on the considered primitive, we have developed perceptual strategies able to perform a succession of robust estimations. This leads to a gaze planning strategy that mainly uses a representation of known and unknown areas as a basis for selecting viewpoints. This approach ensures a reconstruction as complete as possible of the scene.
Preparation of the HIV Attachment Inhibitor BMS-663068. Part 7. Development of a Regioselective Ullmann–Goldberg–Buchwald Reaction (2017)

The discovery, development, and optimization of an Ullmann–Goldberg–Buchwald coupling reaction is described. This complex process represents a key transformation in the development of a commercially viable synthesis of the HIV attachment inhibitor prodrug BMS-663068. In this reaction, high regioselectivities were obtained for the coupling of a 1,2,4-triazole and a 7-bromoazaindole, preparing BMS-626529, the antepenultimate in good yield and quality. Key challenges associated with developing commercially viable conditions for this copper-mediated coupling include achieving the desired level of regiochemical control, identifying robust isolation conditions and controlling residual copper levels in the isolated product.
Thinning of silicon-on-insulator wafers by numerically controlled plasma chemical vaporization machining (2004)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are semiconductor substrates that can be used in next-generation high-speed and low-power devices. An ultrathin SOI wafer with a SOI layer of less than 20 nm is required for the dynamic random access memory half-pitch node of 100 nm or lower. In this report, the thinning of the SOI layer by numerically controlled plasma chemical vaporization machining is described. A commercial 6 in. SOI wafer was used for the demonstration thinning. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to measure the thickness distribution of the SOI layer. The SOI layer thickness of ∼200±4 nm was successfully thinned to 13±2 nm.
A low-complexity front-end concept for CPM demodulation in the presence of strong ACI (2017)

This paper presents a low-complexity front-end for the demodulation of continuous phase modulation (CPM). We show that in the presence of strong adjacent channel interference (ACI), using more than one basis function for signal demodulation is not necessary, if not detrimental, at least for a wide range of CPM schemes. For additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), it is known that the principal component analysis (PCA) yields the optimal truncated front-end. In the presence of strong ACI and a severe low-pass filter at the receiver input, we show that an elementary frequency domain approach (FDA) suffices to design a one-dimensional front-end which outperforms the one based on the first principal component in most practical cases.
Exploiting Read/Write Asymmetry to Achieve Opportunistic SRAM Voltage Switching in Dual-Supply Near-Threshold Processors (2018)

Energy-efficient microprocessors are essential for a wide range of applications. While near-threshold computing is a promising technique to improve energy efficiency, optimal supply demands from logic core and on-chip memory are conflicting. In this paper, we perform static reliability analysis of 6T SRAM and discover the variance among different sizing configuration and asymmetric minimum voltage requirements between read and write operations. We leverage this asymmetric property i n near-threshold processors equipped with voltage boosting capability by proposing an opportunistic dual-supply switching scheme with a write aggregation buffer. Our results show that proposed technique improves energy efficiency by more than 21.45% with approximate 10.19% performance speed-up.
argos transcription is induced by the Drosophila EGF receptor pathway to form an inhibitory feedback loop (1996)

Argos is a secreted molecule with an atypical EGF motif. It was recently shown to function as an inhibitor of the signaling triggered by the Drosophila EGF receptor (DER). In this work, we determine the contribution of Argos to the establishment of cell fates in the embryonic ventral ectoderm. Graded activation of DER is essential for patterning the ventral ectoderm. argos mutant embryos show expansion of ventral cell fates suggesting hyperactivation of the DER pathway. In the embryonic ventral ectoderm, argos is expressed in the ventralmost row of cells. We show that argos expression in the ventral ectoderm is induced by the DER pathway: argos is not expressed in DER mutant embryos, while it is ectopically expressed in the entire ventral ectoderm following ubiquitous activation of the DER pathway. argos expression appears to be triggered directly by the DER pathway, since induction can also be observed in cell culture, following activation of DER by its ligand, Spitz. Argos therefore functions in a sequential manner, to restrict the duration and level of DER signaling. This type of inhibitory feedback loop may represent a general paradigm for signaling pathways inducing diverse cell fates within a population of non-committed cells.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist IMO Cooperates with Cetuximab in <i>K</i>-<i>Ras</i> Mutant Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 70KB&lt;/p&gt;
Nutritional Considerations in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Uremia (1998)

Low-protein diets ameliorate uremic symptoms and some of its metabolic complications. These diets can be used successfully to treat patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) because they are able to activate normal compensatory responses when protein intake is restricted and their protein and energy requirements are similar to healthy subjects. However, there has been concern that dietary therapy compromises the nutritional status of CRF patients and that initiating dialysis would be preferable to this type of therapy. Kopple and co-workers have identified the requirements of CRF patients for protein and calories and available evidence indicates that when properly implemented, low-protein diets are safe and can maintain lean body mass even during long-term therapy. Based on the information published by Kopple and co-workers, the strategies for treating CRF patients should include careful analysis of the diet and the nutritional status of the patient.
Management Outcomes of Large Colon Polyps: A Single Center Experience (2009)

Purpose: The optimal method for management of large colon polyps is not known. Post-polypectomy bleeding, incomplete resection and perforation are major concerns of endoscopic resection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic and/or laparoscopic management of large colon polyps (>20 mm). Methods: Patients with large colon polyps were identified from the endoscopy database of our institution from 2002 to 2007. Data regarding patient demographics, polyp characteristics, polypectomy methods, endoscopic complications, surgical interventions, and post-operative complications were collected by reviewing patient charts. Data were compared between the groups of patients who had successful endoscopic polypectomy and those who underwent surgical resection. Results: In the study, 232 patients {54% men, 92% white, mean age 69.2 (SE 0.8) years} had 239 large colon polyps. A majority of the polyps were sessile (204, 85%), and located in the right colon (143, 62%). Mean polyp size was 30.9 (0.8) mm. Endoscopic polypectomy was attempted in 149 (64%) patients. Complete excision was achieved in 95 (64%) patients {24(10%) patients during initial colonoscopy, the others needed follow up colonoscopies with median number of procedures being 2 (range 2-6) }. The technique of saline-assisted polypectomy was used in 51 patients. Four patients died during follow up because of unrelated events, and in 56 patients follow up was either pending or was done elsewhere. A majority (72%) of these polyps were tubular or villous adenomas. Post-polypectomy bleeding occurred in 7 patients, all of which either ceased spontaneously or after endoscopic therapy. Colonic perforation was suspected in 5 patients, but only 2 patients required surgery. 77(33%) patients underwent surgical excision {36(47%) had laparoscopic surgery}. 32 out of the 77 patients (42%) who underwent surgical resection had cancers in the polyps with 19(25%) patients with more than T1 tumor category. 11 patients had post-operative complications requiring prolonged length of stay (LOS), with a mean LOS of 6.8 (SE 0.4) days. A stepwise logistic regression model showed that the presence of synchronous polyps and pedunculated appearance were independent predictors of successful endoscopic resection, while presence of cancer in the polyp predicted need for surgical resection. Conclusion: In our study, two thirds of patients with large polyps were successfully managed with endoscopic resection. The remaining one-third of the patients had surgical resection. Endoscopic variables can be used to predict successful endoscopic polypectomy, and may be applied in clinical practice for selection of patients.
Synthesis and Novel Structure—Activity Relationships of Potent Sansalvamide A Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solution Structure of an Oligodeoxynucleotide Containing the Malondialdehyde Deoxyguanosine Adduct N2-(3-Oxo-1-propenyl)-dG (Ring-Opened M1G) Positioned in a (CpG)3 Frameshift Hotspot of the Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 Gene (1999)

The refined solution structure for the ring-opened N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG derivative of the malondialdehyde deoxyguanosine adduct M(1)G [3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1, 2-a]purin-10(3H)-one] in d(ATCGCXCGGCATG) x d(CATGCCGCGCGAT) [X being N(2)-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG], containing the d(CpG)(3) frameshift hotspot of the Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 gene, is presented. When inserted into this duplex, M(1)G underwent spontaneous ring opening to N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG. NMR analysis revealed that N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG induced minor structural perturbations in the hisD3052 oligodeoxynucleotide. However, the stability of the duplex DNA was reduced; the N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG-modified hisD3052 oligodeoxynucleotide exhibited a 14 degrees C decrease in T(m) relative to that of the native oligodeoxynucleotide. The modified guanine maintained stacking interactions with neighboring bases but was not Watson-Crick hydrogen bonded. A total of 13 NOEs were observed from the 3-oxo-1-propenyl moiety protons of N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG to DNA protons. Molecular dynamics calculations, restrained by 602 distance restraints derived from experimental NOE measurements and 23 empirical distance restraints, converged with pairwise rmsd differences of <0.90 A. The sixth-root residual factor with the NMR data was 9.1 x 10(-2). The cytosine complementary to N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG was pushed toward the major groove but maintained partial stacking interactions with its neighboring bases. The modified guanine remained in the anti conformation, while the 3-oxo-1-propenyl moiety was positioned in the minor groove of the duplex. Possible correlations between the relatively small structural perturbations induced in this DNA duplex by N2-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-dG and the mutagenic spectrum of M(1)G are discussed.
Toward noninvasive detection and monitoring of malaria with broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (2018)

Despite numerous advances, malaria continues to kill nearly half a million people globally every year. New analytical methods and diagnostics are critical to understanding how treatments under development affect the lifecycle of malaria parasites. A biomarker that has been gaining interest is the "malaria pigment" hemozoin. This byproduct of hemoglobin digestion by the parasite has a unique spectral signature but is difficult to differentiate from hemoglobin and other tissue chromophores. Hemozoin can be detected in blood samples, but only utilizing approaches that require specialized training and facilities. Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a noninvasive sensing technique that is sensitive to near-infrared absorption and scattering and capable of probing centimeter-deep volumes of tissue in vivo. DOS is relatively low-cost, does not require specialized training and thus potentially suitable for use in low-resource settings. In this work, we assess the potential of DOS to detect and quantify the presence of hemozoin noninvasively and at physiologically relevant levels. We suspended synthetic hemozoin in Intralipid-based tissue-simulating phantoms in order to mimic malaria infection in multiply-scattering tissue. Using a fiber probe that combines frequency-domain and continuous-wave broadband DOS (650-1000 nm), we detected hemozoin concentrations below 250 ng/ml, which corresponds to parasitemia sensitivities comparable to modern rapid diagnostic tests. We used the experimental variability to simulate and estimate the sensitivity of DOS to hemozoin in tissue that includes hemoglobin, water, and lipid under various tissue oxygen saturation levels. The results indicate that with increased precision, it may be possible to detect Hz noninvasively with DOS.
Coupled-ring reflector in an external-cavity tunable laser (2015)

Miniaturized tunable lasers are important as light sources in optical networks and sensing systems. However, challenges remain in realizing a low-cost on-chip tunable laser with high tuning accuracy and wide tuning range. Here, an external-cavity tunable laser integrated by using a pair of coupled-ring resonators as a reflector onto a single silicon chip is designed and demonstrated. The silicon coupled-ring reflector provides simultaneous tuning of the central reflective wavelength and the free spectral range of the entire cavity to guarantee phase matching. The effective optical length of the coupled-ring reflector is controlled by the complementary thermo-optic and free-carrier dispersion effects, thus enabling high-resolution wavelength fine-tuning while maintaining wide wavelength tuning range. Experimentally, the tunable laser has high external-cavity efficiency (22%) and high wavelength tuning accuracy (2 pm) throughout the 41.6 nm tuning range. Potential applications of the external-cavity tunable laser include optical networks, optical sensing, and on-chip optoelectronic systems.
Lipase promoted asymmetric trans-esterification of 4-alkyl-, 3-alkyl- and 3,4-dialkyloxetan-2-ones with ring-opening (2000)

Kinetic resolution of (±)-4-substituted [(±)-1], 3-substituted [(±)-4] and 3,4-disubstituted oxetan-2-ones [(±)-7] was effected by the action of lipases in organic solvents. The substrates (±)-1, (±)-4 and (±)-7 were prepared by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of aldehydes with ketene, intramolecular substitution of 3-bromoalkanoic acids and the Adams cyclization of anti- and syn-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids, respectively. Lipase PS exhibited good activity towards all the oxetanones and was employed for the resolution experiments except with (±)-4-methyloxetan-2-one (±)-1a for which PPL was used. The stereoselectivity was satisfactory for obtaining oxetan-2-ones of high ee’s except for a few cases. The configuration of new compounds was established by chemical correlation and CD spectroscopy.
Coexpression of Actin-Related Protein 2 and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Family Verproline-Homologous Protein 2 in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (2006)

Coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 is correlated with poorer patient outcome, and may be involved in the mechanism of cancer metastasis.
Foetal Hypothalamic and Pituitary Expression of Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone and Galanin Systems is Disturbed by Exposure to Sewage Sludge Chemicals via Maternal Ingestion (2010)

Animals and humans are chronically exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are ubiquitous in the environment. There are strong circumstantial links between environmental EDC exposure and both declining human/wildlife reproductive health and the increasing incidence of reproductive system abnormalities. The verification of such links, however, is difficult and requires animal models exposed to 'real life', environmentally relevant concentrations/mixtures of environmental contaminants (ECs), particularly in utero, when sensitivity to EC exposure is high. The present study aimed to determine whether the foetal sheep reproductive neuroendocrine axis, particularly gondotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and galaninergic systems, were affected by maternal exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals, applied to pasture, in the form of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge contains high concentrations of a spectrum of EDCs and other pollutants, relative to environmental concentrations, but is frequently recycled to land as a fertiliser. We found that foetuses exposed to the EDC mixture in utero through their mothers had lower GnRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and lower GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and galanin receptor (GALR) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Strikingly, this, treatment had no significant effect on maternal GnRH or GnRHR mRNA expression, although GALR mRNA expression within the maternal hypothalamus and pituitary gland was reduced. The present study clearly demonstrates that the developing foetal neuroendocrine axis is sensitive to real-world mixtures of environmental chemicals. Given the important role of GnRH and GnRHR in the regulation of reproductive function, its known role programming role in utero, and the role of galanin in the regulation of many physiological/neuroendocrine systems, in utero changes in the activity of these systems are likely to have long-term consequences in adulthood and represent a novel pathway through which EC mixtures could perturb normal reproductive function.