gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benefits of load shedding for distribution grids investments planning (2015)

This paper seizes the opportunity of the massive deployment of smart meters in distribution networks and the development of the load shedding as a new advanced distribution automation function. It proposes a methodology to optimize the load shedding in distribution networks in order to avoid the congestion of the conductors. The effects of rebound and report of the load shedding are highlighted and then taking into account in the optimization. Then specifications are given to perform load shedding, in terms of power and duration of flexibility. It is compared with the classic and structural solution of reinforcement of the network. The costs of the reinforcement are given as a limit for the competitiveness of the load shedding.
DNA rearrangement mediated by inverted repeats. (1996)

Inverted repeats of DNA are widespread in the genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes and can mediate genome rearrangement. We studied rearrangement mediated by plasmid-borne inverted repeats in Escherichia coli. We show that inverted repeats can mediate an efficient and recA-independent recombination event. Surprisingly, the product of this recombination is not that of simple inversion between the inverted repeats, but almost exclusively an unusual head-to-head dimer with complex DNA rearrangement. Moreover, this recombination is dramatically reduced by increasing the distance separating the repeats. These results can be readily explained by a model involving reciprocal switching of the leading and lagging strands of DNA replication within the inverted repeats, which leads to the formation of a Holliday junction. Reciprocal strand switching during DNA replication might be a common mechanism for genome rearrangement associated with inverted duplication.
Flight schedule adjustment for hub airports using multi-objective optimization (2021)

Abstract Based on the concept of “passengers self-help hubbing,” we build a flight schedule optimization model where maximizing the number of feasible flight connections, indicating transfer opportunities, as one objective and minimizing total slot displacements as the other objective. At the same time, the “Demand Smoothing Model” is introduced into the flight schedule optimization model to reduce the queuing delays for arrival and departure flights. We take into account all aircraft itineraries, the difficulty level of schedule coordination, and the maximum displacement of any single flight acceptable to airlines when optimizing flight schedule. Given an original schedule, the model produces a feasible modified schedule that obeys the slot limits specified for an airport without canceling any flights, increases transfer opportunities, and improves on-time performance for hub airports while reducing interference with airline scheduling preferences. The model was verified with the operating data of the Urumqi international airport, and the results show that minor adjustments to flight schedules can increase the transfer opportunities of the airport and significantly reduce flight queuing delays.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR)‐Related Lipid Transfer Domain Protein 5 (STARD5) Expression and Cholesterol Efflux in HKC‐8 Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (2010)

STARD5 belongs to the START protein superfamily of lipid transport proteins and functions in intracellular non‐vesicular cholesterol transport. The kidney is a major site of expression and we reported STARD5 expression to be localized to the renal proximal tubules and increased in diabetic mouse kidney. The goal for this study was to characterize the HKC‐8 human proximal tubule kidney cells for STARD5 regulation by high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxysterols. Cells were treated with low (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose for 24 hr – 7 days and mRNA levels were measured by RT‐qPCR. STARD5 expression was decreased 50% under high glucose conditions, consistent with a decrease in ER stress as measured by decreased GRP78 mRNA levels. Oxysterols, ligands for the LXR nuclear receptor, had no effect on STARD5 expression but induced ABCA1 promoter activity and mRNA levels. Thus, HKC‐8 cells have an intact LXR response and express ABCA1. Tunicamycin‐induced ER stress increased STARD5 expression and enhanced cholesterol efflux from the cells but had no effect on ABCA1 mRNA levels. Our results suggest that high glucose conditions do not directly stimulate STARD5 expression or ER stress in HKC‐8 cells. Induction of ER stress, on the other hand, enhances cholesterol efflux, as well as STARD5 expression. A direct role for STARD5 in cholesterol efflux is currently under investigation.
Interactive Stroke-Based NPR using Hand Postures on Large Displays (2008)

We explore the use of hand postures to interact with stroke-based rendering (SBR) on touch-sensitive large displays. In contrast to traditional WIMP interfaces, we allow people to directly engage with and influence a rendering. Our system allows the creation of new stroke primitives as well as provides mechanisms to distribute and then manipulate them on the canvas. We offer a set of natural mappings from hand postures to rendering parameterizations. The resulting system allows an intuitive exploration of SBR without the need for traditional desktop interfaces.
Specificity of human antibodies to oncovirus glycoproteins: recognition of antigen by natural antibodies directed against carbohydrate structures. (1980)

Antibodies in human sera from healthy individuals were shown to be reactive with highly purified 70,000-dalton envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of the simian sarcoma virus-simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSV-SSAV) complex in radioimmunoprecipitation assays under certain conditions. The specificity of the reaction was analyzed in absorption tests with normal human serum proteins, assays of viral gp70 antigenicity after exposure to exo- and endoglycosidases or trypsin, and carbohydrate hapten inhibition studies. On the basis of the results obtained in these experiments we have concluded that immune recognition of SSV-SSAV gp70 can be mediated by naturally occurring heterophil antibodies in human sera that are reactive by virtue of binding to the carbohydrate moiety of the viral gp70 molecules. The results are consistent with the idea that the antibodies in question are elicited as a result of exposure to many natural substances possessing widely crossreacting antigens and are not a result of widespread infection of man with replication-competent oncoviruses.
Move It Learning Modules For Dynamic Systems (2020)

MoveIt contains structured dynamics and vibrations modules that are designed to imbue in students an enhanced ability to look at real life situations, derive mathematical models, animate their simulations, and then compare the results with the original systems. The goal is to strengthen the linkage between analysis and design/modeling and in so doing strengthen the students' abilities to function as engineers.
A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study supports causal effects of kidney function on blood pressure (2020)

Blood pressure and kidney function have a bidirectional relation. Hypertension has long been considered as a risk factor for kidney function decline. However, whether intensive blood pressure control could promote kidney health has been uncertain. The kidney is known to have a major role in affecting blood pressure through sodium extraction and regulating electrolyte balance. This bidirectional relation makes causal inference between these two traits difficult. Therefore, to examine the causal relations between these two traits, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using summary statistics of large-scale genome-wide association studies. We selected genetic instruments more likely to be specific for kidney function using meta-analyses of complementary kidney function biomarkers (glomerular filtration rate estimated from serum creatinine [eGFRcr], and blood urea nitrogen from the CKDGen Consortium). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure summary statistics were from the International Consortium for Blood Pressure and UK Biobank. Significant evidence supported the causal effects of higher kidney function on lower blood pressure. Based on the mode-based Mendelian randomization method, the effect estimates for one standard deviation (SD) higher in log-transformed eGFRcr was -0.17 SD unit (95 % confidence interval: -0.09 to -0.24) in systolic blood pressure and -0.15 SD unit (95% confidence interval: -0.07 to -0.22) in diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, the causal effects of blood pressure on kidney function were not statistically significant. Thus, our results support causal effects of higher kidney function on lower blood pressure and suggest preventing kidney function decline can reduce the public health burden of hypertension.
Lentiviral vector mediated-ASAP1 expression promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells (2018)

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and has a high mortality rate due to metastatic progression and tumor recurrence. ASAP1 (ArfGAP with SH3 Domain, Ankyrin Repeat and PH Domain 1) is an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, which is involved in tumor metastasis. However, the role of ASAP1 in ovarian cancer is completely unknown. The present study reported that ASAP1 was highly expressed in ovarian carcinoma, and expression positively-correlated with overall poor survival and prognosis of patients. Lentiviral vector mediated ASAP1 expression promoted cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3. In addition, ASAP1 promoted cell proliferation, survival and inhibited chemotherapy drug paclitaxel-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, ASAP1 expression promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating the mesenchymal cell markers N-cadherin and vimentin, and downregulating epithelial cell marker E-cadherin in the ovarian cancer cell lines. The data indicate for the first time that ASAP1 exhibits an oncogenic role by promoting EMT in ovarian cancer cells.
NEW METHODS OF EVALUATING PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS (1973)

Several new methods for evaluating practical properties of plastics, for purpose of application to railway, are proposed. These are classified into three groups as shown below. (1) A photoelastic method for evaluating durability of plastics. (2) An apparatus for measuring various properties of plastics using C-shaped specimens. (3) Torsional methods for evaluating practical properties of plastics. Using a polycarbonate as model example, typical data are presented, showing the usefulness of these methods.
TLR2 Is Constitutively Expressed within the Kidney and Participates in Ischemic Renal Injury through Both MyD88-Dependent and -Independent Pathways (2007)

TLRs are an evolutionarily conserved family of cell membrane proteins believed to play a significant role in innate immunity and the response to tissue injury, including that induced by ischemia. TLR signaling pathways activate transcription factors that regulate expression of prosurvival proteins, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines through one of two proximal adapter proteins, MyD88 or Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (Trif). Our study defines the constitutive protein expression of TLR2 in kidneys of humans and mice, and provides insight into the signaling mechanisms by which a deficiency of TLR2 protects from ischemic organ injury. Our study compared and contrasted the effects of renal ischemia in wild-type mice and mice deficient in TLR2, MyD88, Trif, and MyD88xTrif. TLR2 protein was evident in many cell types in the kidney, including renal tubules of the outer stripe of the medulla, glomeruli, and in the renal vasculature. The pattern of protein expression was similar in humans and mice. The absence of TLR2, MyD88, and MyD88xTrif conferred both physiologic and histologic protection against sublethal ischemia at 24 h. Interestingly, TLR2-deficient mice were better protected from ischemic renal injury than those deficient for the adapter protein MyD88, raising the intriguing possibility that TLR-2-dependent/MyD88-independent pathways also contribute to kidney injury. We conclude that TLR2 protein is constitutively expressed in the kidney and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic injury by signaling both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways.
Mechanical Milling Process as Severe Plastic Deformation Method (2008)

Mechanical milling is one of the severe plastic deformation processes and can give a heavy deformation to a metallic powder. Using such a mechanical milling process nano crystalline material can be produced with relatively simple equipment, low cost and short time. The mechanical milling process leads to finer grain than other severe plastic deformation for bulk materials and the grain size produced by mechanical milling is less than 10 nm. Nano grain structure by mechanical milling is finally formed with nano layered structure though the grain refinement rate depends on the milling method and the milling condition. The minimum grain size produced by mechanical milling is related to many factors such as melting point and stacking fault energy. The nano grain tungsten powder demonstrates a good workability and its sintered compact demonstrates the superplastic deformation at 1473K. When the milling intensity is suitable, mechanically milled powder consisting of shell and core can be produced. The compacts produced from such mechanically milled powder have the nano/meso hybrid microstructure and demonstrate advanced mechanical properties.
An hGM‐CSF DNA‐Cationic Lipid Complexed Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine did not Improve Remission Duration in Dogs with Lymphoma (2005)

Introduction: Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in dogs and while clinical remission can be induced using chemotherapy, very few dogs are cured. Since cytokine‐adjuvanted autologous whole‐tumor‐cell vaccines (ATCV) can induce potent antitumor immune responses against otherwise non‐immunogenic cancers we initiated a study of such an approach in dogs with lymphoma. Methods: Following achievement of a complete remission using a 19‐week CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol, 51 dogs with B‐cell lymphoma were randomized to receive 8 treatments (4 weekly, then 4 additional at q2wk intervals) of vaccine or lipid‐equivalent placebo. Dogs were followed monthly for assessment of remission duration and survival. Surrogate indices of immune response (delayed‐type hypersensitivity, interferon‐γ quantitative RT‐PCR, lymphocyte proliferation, and flow cytometry for lymphoma‐specific antibodies) were also investigated before and after vaccination. Results: No significant difference in median remission duration was observed between dogs receiving vaccine (277 days) or placebo (258 days); the Kaplan‐Meier curves were virtually super‐imposable. No significant differences in surrogate indices of immune response were noted pre‐ and post‐vaccination. Conclusions: In this context, an hGM‐CSF DNA‐cationic lipid complexed ATCV vaccine did not enhance remission duration in dogs with lymphoma, likely due to lack of vaccine‐induced tumor‐specific immunity.
Single‐step transformation for generating marker‐free transgenic rice using the ipt‐type MAT vector system (2002)

The ipt-type MAT vector uses the ipt gene for regeneration of marker-free transgenic plants. However, it was pointed out that this system was not suitable for most economically important crops that regenerated through auxin-dependent embryogenesis. We report a single-step transformation system of rice using MAT vector. When we transformed scutellum tissues of 5 days pre-cultured rice seeds, marker-free transgenic rice plants directly regenerated from 25.5% infected scutellum tissues without forming ipt-intermediates within 4 weeks after an infection. Excision of the ipt gene caused the regeneration of marker-free transgenic rice plants through embryogenic tissues. Therefore, this system needs no selective agent and no sexual crossing for identification of transgenic plants not containing a selectable marker gene. This system is highly effective for generation of marker-free transgenic plants in economically important crops.
Resistance to lysis by cytotoxic T cells: a dominant effect in metastatic mouse prostate cancer cells. (2000)

Better understanding of the immunology of prostate cancer is needed for the development of new therapeutic approaches that can be used in conjunction with current treatment methods. The present study was designed to compare the immunological properties of a genetically matched pair of primary tumor- and metastasis-derived prostate cancer cell lines generated from the mouse prostate reconstitution (MPR) model. Only the primary prostate cancer cells were immunogenic in that prior immunization with irradiated primary but not the metastatic prostate cancer cells delayed the growth of subsequently injected live cancer cells. The lack of immunogenicity of the metastatic cells was not attributable to their inability to induce antitumor cytotoxic T cells. Both primary and metastatic cells induced antitumor CTLs in syngeneic hosts, but unlike the primary cells, the metastatic cells were resistant to CTL lysis. Differential resistance to cytolysis in metastatic versus primary prostate cancer cells was not attributable to the differential expression of molecules such as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-1, TAP-2, low molecular weight protein of the proteasome complex (LMP)-2, and LMP-7 that contribute to antigen presentation by class I MHC. IFN-gamma induced surface class I MHC expression, as well as gene expression of TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, and LMP-7 in the metastatic cells, yet the cells remained resistant to cell lysis induced by CTLs. Interestingly, although in comparison to the primary cells the metastatic cells were resistant to cytolysis, both cell types were susceptible to DNA fragmentation induced by CTLs. Cell fusion between primary and metastatic cancer cells resulted in hybrids that also resisted the cytolytic activity of CTLs. Therefore, there is a dominant factor(s) in the metastatic prostate cancer cells that confers specific protection against CTL cytolysis in this model system.
Effect of Corrosion Damage on Fatigue Behavior of Al 2024 (2001)

Abstract Fatigue crack nucleation from corrosion damage is drawing considerable attention in the aging aircraft research community. Localized corrosion, such as corrosion pits, is a potential stress raiser and provides active sites for fatigue crack initiation. The detailed knowledge of the metrics of early stages of corrosion damage and transition to fatigue cracks is critical to the accurate life prediction of the structure. High strength aluminum alloys are known to be very sensitive to orientation and this could play a critical role in both pitting and the resulting fatigue damage. Fatigue experiments on dog bone specimens of Al 2024-T3 with known pit morphology were conducted to investigate the crack initiation and growth behaviors of cracks nucleating from pits. The corrosion pits were grown electrochemically in a controlled fashion and samples were prepared with pit depth varying from 3 to nearly 130 μm. These pits were characterized using white light interferometer; surface parameters such as average roughness and morphology were determined before fatigue testing. Specimens were aligned in three different directions, L-T, T-L and L-S to investigate the effect of orientation on pitting and fatigue characteristics. The fatigue lives were observed to decrease with increasing pit depth. The fractured surface was analyzed after the fatigue test and stress intensity calculations were made based on these observations. A linear relationship between stress intensity factor and critical pit depth was observed. The crack growth behavior of the crack nucleating from these pits was typical of a short crack. The results provide the details of the critical pit size that can lead to fatigue crack initiation as well as supply information about the growth behavior of cracks nucleating from corrosion pits. An understanding of the role of pitting in crack initiation aids in extending the fatigue life of the aging aircraft.
Graphene oxide prevents mycobacteria entry into macrophages through extracellular entrapment (2019)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat and there is an urgent need for improved drugs and treatments, particularly against the drug-resistant strains of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb). Graphene oxide (GO) is an innovative bi-dimensional nanomaterial that when administered <i>in vivo</i> accumulates in the lungs. Further, GO is readily degraded by peroxidases and has a high drug loading capacity and antibacterial properties. In this study, we first evaluated the GO anti-mycobacterial properties using <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (Ms) as a model. We observed that GO, when administered with the bacteria, was able to trap Ms in a dose-dependent manner, reducing entry of bacilli into macrophages. However, GO did not show any anti-mycobacterial activity when used to treat infected cells or when macrophages were pre-treated before infection. Similar results were obtained when the virulent Mtb strain was used, showing that GO was able to trap Mtb and prevent entry into microphages. These results indicate that GO can be a promising tool to design improved therapies against TB.
Seasonal Changes of Peritricha in Lake Kasumigaura (1990)

Seasonal changes of peritricha and physical, chemical and biological factors influencing to the standing crop of the microbe were investigated during the period from January 1986 to March 1988 in eutrophicated Lake kasumigaura. Species number, maximum and average numbers of peritricha attached on the setting board at Kiharaoki in the lake were 23 (species), 590n/cm2 and 245n/cm2, respectively.Vorticella campanula, Episty lis hentscheliandCampanella umbellaria were dominant species through the investigated period. Peritricha decreased with an increase in ammonium ion concentration, while the microbe increased with an increase in chlorophylla during a dominance of diatom, It was suggested that ammonium ion concentration was a limitting factor for the growth of peritricha in Lake Kasumigaura.
Beyond the session timeout (2008)

Most analysis of web search relevance and performance takes a single query as the unit of search engine interaction. When studies attempt to group queries together by task or session, a timeout is typically used to identify the boundary. However, users query search engines in order to accomplish tasks at a variety of granularities, issuing multiple queries as they attempt to accomplish tasks. In this work we study real sessions manually labeled into hierarchical tasks, and show that timeouts, whatever their length, are of limited utility in identifying task boundaries, achieving a maximum precision of only 70%. We report on properties of this search task hierarchy, as seen in a random sample of user interactions from a major web search engine's log, annotated by human editors, learning that 17% of tasks are interleaved, and 20% are hierarchically organized. No previous work has analyzed or addressed automatic identification of interleaved and hierarchically organized search tasks. We propose and evaluate a method for the automated segmentation of users' query streams into hierarchical units. Our classifiers can improve on timeout segmentation, as well as other previously published approaches, bringing the accuracy up to 92% for identifying fine-grained task boundaries, and 89-97% for identifying pairs of queries from the same task when tasks are interleaved hierarchically. This is the first work to identify, measure and automatically segment sequences of user queries into their hierarchical structure. The ability to perform this kind of segmentation paves the way for evaluating search engines in terms of user task completion.