gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Shear Wave Imaging Using Cross-dipole Wireline Data (2014)

During the last three decades significant developments have occurred in the design and application of borehole acoustic measurements. Where during the first decade the main focus has been on slowness analysis and its applications (E.g., porosity, synthetic seismogram, etc.), the last two decades have resulted in more advanced applications: -permeability estimation from Stoneley waves; -intrinsic/stress-induced anisotropy from flexural waves; -and most recently, imaging away from the wellbore. The latter application has great promise in imaging fine structural features away from the wellbore, particularly in hard rock (I.e., less attenuation) and it is complementary to conventional surface seismic. Whereas the seismic method has an imaging resolution of order 10^1 m and a depth of investigation of order 10^3 m, the borehole acoustic method has an imaging resolution of order 10^-1 m and a depth of investigation of order 10^1 m. Furthermore, although the borehole acoustic method has been developed for and applied to mainly wireline configurations, it is considered to have an even greater value in a Logging While Drilling (LWD) setting as a result of its geosteering potential. The cross-dipole acoustic measurement principles, theory and processing steps will be explained in conjunction with two case studies.
High-performance, intelligent, on-chip speckle spectrometer using two-dimensional silicon photonic disordered microring lattice (2023)

High-performance integrated spectrometers are highly desirable for many applications ranging from mobile phones to space probes. Based on silicon photonic integrated circuit technology, we propose and demonstrate an on-chip speckle spectrometer consisting of a 15 ×15, two-dimensional (2D), disordered microring lattice. The proposed 2D, disordered microring lattice is simulated by the transfer-matrix method. The fabricated device features a spectral resolution better than 15 pm and an operating bandwidth larger than 40 nm. We also demonstrate that, based on the speckle patterns, our device can perform a spectrum classification using machine learning algorithms, which will have a huge potential in fast, intelligent material and chemical analysis.
ZT-40 administrative plan (1978)

An administrative plan for the ZT-40 project has been developed. It describes baselines and procedures that will be used for the remainder of the construction phase of the project.
Modeling the sedimentation rate of mechanical impurities in the horizontal wellbore (2021)

Summary This work is devoted to the determination of the sedimentation rate of mechanical impurities depending on the particle diameter, as well as the assessment of such a process from the watering of the well production.
Galectins as Cancer Biomarkers (2010)

Galectins are a group of proteins that bind β-galactosides through evolutionarily conserved sequence elements of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Proteins similar to galectins can be found in very primitive animals such as sponges. Each galectin has an individual carbohydrate binding preference and can be found in cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. They also can be secreted through non-classical pathways and function extracellularly. Experimental and clinical data demonstrate a correlation between galectin expression and tumor progression and metastasis, and therefore, galectins have the potential to serve as reliable tumor markers. In this review, we describe the expression and role of galectins in different cancers and their clinical applications for diagnostic use.
Polyhydrazide‐Based Organic Nanotubes as Efficient and Selective Artificial Iodide Channels (2020)

Abstract Reported herein is a series of pore‐containing polymeric nanotubes based on a hydrogen‐bonded hydrazide backbone. Nanotubes of suitable lengths, possessing a hollow cavity of about a 6.5 Å diameter, mediate highly efficient transport of diverse types of anions, rather than cations, across lipid membranes. The reported polymer channel, having an average molecular weight of 18.2 kDa and 3.6 nm in helical height, exhibits the highest anion‐transport activities for iodide ( EC 50 =0.042 μ m or 0.028 mol % relative to lipid), whcih is transported 10 times more efficiently than chlorides ( EC 50 =0.47 μ m ). Notably, even in cholesterol‐rich environment, iodide transport activity remains high with an EC 50 of 0.37 μ m . Molecular dynamics simulation studies confirm that the channel is highly selective for anions and that such anion selectivity arises from a positive electrostatic potential of the central lumen rendered by the interior‐pointing methyl groups.
A Case Study: Energy Efficient High Throughput Chip Multi-Processor Using Reduced-complexity Cores for Transaction Processing Workload (2005)

The pursuit of instruction-level parallelism using more transistors produces diminishing returns and also increases power dissipation of general purpose processors. This paper studies a chip multi-processor (CMP) with smaller processor cores as a means to achieve high aggregate throughput and improved energy efficiency. The benefit of this design approach increases as the number of cores on a chip increases, as enabled by semiconductor process scaling. The feasibility of a processor core 40% of the size of a baseline high performance processor that delivers about 70% of its performance is shown. The CMP populated by smaller cores to fill the same silicon area delivers 2.3 times higher performance in transaction processing represented by TPC-C benchmarks than the baseline processor scaled into the same technology. The CMP also achieves 38% higher energy efficiency.
Occluded object tracking based on trajectory links in surveillance videos (2014)

Trajectories of foreground objects provide rich and continuous motion information for event analysis in surveillance videos. These trajectories can be obtained by tracking foreground objects frame by frame. When appearances of foreground objects significantly change during occlusions, tracking results may become incorrect. To solve the occlusion problem, we propose a real-time post processing method based on trajectory links. By analyzing trajectory links, our method can retrieve individual trajectories of occluded foreground objects. As shown in the experiments, our method can achieve better performance compared to previous tracking methods.
MR vascular imaging with a fast gradient refocusing pulse sequence and reformatted images from transaxial sections. (1987)

The authors present a method for obtaining magnetic resonance (MR) images of intra- and extracranial vessels from thin contiguous transaxial sections. A section-selective gradient refocusing pulse sequence with a short repetition time caused flow-related enhancement from spins that flowed perpendicular to the transaxial sections. The signal was further enhanced by means of flow compensation gradients to rephase any phase shifts resulting from moving spins in the presence of the imaging gradients. Coronal and sagittal sections, reformatted from multiple transaxial sections, are shown to have excellent vessel contrast without the use of contrast material. These images were obtained in 12 minutes of acquisition time from as many as 60 sections of 3-mm thickness. Such a technique shows significant promise for MR angiography.
Hepatitis C Virus Induced Endothelial Inflammatory Response Depends on the Functional Expression of TNFα Receptor Subtype 2 (2014)

In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, morbidity and mortality often result from extrahepatic disease manifestations. We provide evidence for a role of receptors of the innate immune system in virally induced inflammation of the endothelium in vitro and in vivo. Corresponding to the in vitro finding of an HCV-dependent induction of proinflammatory mediators in endothelial cells, mice treated with poly (I:C) exhibit a significant reduction in leukocyte rolling velocity, an increase in leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall and an increased extravasation of leukocytes. HCV directly promotes activation, adhesion and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the vessel wall by activation of endothelial viral receptors. Poly (I:C) induces the expression of TLR3 in vivo and hereby allows for amplification of all of the aforementioned responses upon viral infection. Proinflammatory effects of viral RNA are specifically mediated by TLR3 and significantly enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). HCV-RNA induces the endothelial expression of TNFα and TNFα receptor subtype 2 and we provide evidence that leucocyte adhesion and transmigration in response to activation of viral RNA receptors seem to depend on expression of functional TNFR2. Our results demonstrate that endothelial cells actively participate in immune mediated vascular inflammation caused by viral infections.
Cyber Threats for Operational Technologies (2020)

Most critical sectors worldwide rely on operational technology (OT) whose cybersecurity, due to the primary need of availability, results to be obsolete and inadequate. Episodes like Stuxnet, Irongate, BlackEnergy3, etc., showed that cyberattacks causing kinetic effects have become a concrete threat. This is particularly concerning in relation to the chemical process industry (CPI) as disruptions could involve the release of hazardous materials and result in catastrophic effects. So far, OT-targeted cyber-attacks are considered so complex that only sophisticated teams with significant technical and organisational resources are likely to succeed. This paper provides a critical review of the most relevant elements with a focus on the petrol-chemical sector. It will first discuss why OT is inherently insecure. It will then analyse how the cyber-threat has evolved and it will review relevant OT-targeted cyberattacks. Finally, it will introduce the concept of advanced persistent threats (APT) and discuss their characterisation and modus operandi.
Temperature behavior of the photoluminescence decay of semiconducting carbon nanotubes: The effective lifetime (2007)

The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence decay of excitons in single-walled carbon nanotubes was measured for two nanotube species, (7,6) and (7,5), representative of the two nanotube $(n\ensuremath{-}m)\mathrm{mod}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3$ families. A monotonic increase of the photoluminescence lifetime with decreasing temperature is observed. The external strain induced by lowering the temperature below the freezing point of the solution leads to an overall lowering of the photoluminescence lifetime. This effect indicates that the measured lifetime is defined by the intrinsic electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and could be understood as an exchange interaction between bright and dark excitonic states. We find the lifetime to vary between 223 and $319\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ between 290 and $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, obtained by a multiexponential fit, well in agreement with previous experiments.
RAD51 Inhibitor Reverses Etoposide-Induced Genomic Toxicity and Instability in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells (2020)

RAD51 inhibitors have potential to increase cytotoxicity while reducing harmful genomic impact of chemotherapy.
Crop seed oil bodies: From challenges in protein identification to an emerging picture of the oil body proteome (2013)

Oleaginous seeds store lipids in specialized structures called oil bodies (OBs). These organelles consist of a core of neutral lipids bound by proteins embedded in a phospholipid monolayer. OB proteins are well conserved in plants and have long been grouped into only two categories: structural proteins or enzymes. Recent work, however, which identified other classes of proteins associated with OBs, clearly shows that this classification is obsolete. Proteomics-mediated OB protein identification is facilitated in plants for which the genome is sequenced and annotated. However, it is not clear whether this knowledge can be dependably transposed to less well-characterized plants, including the well-established commercial sources of seed oil as well as the many others being proposed as novel sources for biodiesel, especially in Africa and Asia. Toward an update of the current data available on OB proteins this review discusses (i) the specific difficulties for proteomic studies of organelles; (ii) a 2012 census of the proteins found in seed OBs from various crops; (iii) the oleosin composition of OBs and their role in organelle stability; (iv) PTM of OB proteins as an emerging field of investigation; and finally we describe the emerging model of the OB proteome from oilseed crops.
Autonomous Adaptive Information Systems (2006)

Abstract : The goal of our research is to provide a framework for constructing complex, distributed systems that can autonomously adapt to their environment. There were three key elements to this framework. The first element was a metal-model for developing distributed, adaptive systems based on organization theory - the Organization Model for Adaptive Computational Systems (OMACS). OMACS defines the required components for an adaptive organization - agents, goals, roles, and capabilities - as well as an approach for computing the best organization of those components. The second framework element created was a the Goal Model for Adaptive Systems, which handles the runtime goals based on precedence between goals as well as runtime instantiation of new goals based on events that occur in the environment. The final part of the framework developed was a software engineering methodology for designing distributed, adaptive systems using a dynamic goal model. The Organization-based Multiagent Systems Engineering (O-MaSE) methodology is based on the Multiagent Systems Engineering methodology and incorporates all OMACS components.
Synthesis of antimetabolites of sucrose (1994)

The C-disaccharides D-glycero-D-ido-D-lyxo-7,11-anhydro-6-deoxydodec-5-ulofuranose-(5,2)7a and D-glycero-D-I-D-lyxo-7,11-anhydro-1-O-benzyloxysuccinyl-6-deoxydodec-5-ulofuranose(5,2)7b, antimetabolites of sucrose, the second of which is provided with a succinyl group which allows its linkage to biopolymers, have been synthesized. Hydroxymercuriation of the easily available 3-(2′, 3′, 4′, 6′-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)prop-1-ene 1 followed by iododemercuriation, oxidation, and treatment of the so obtained iodo ketone with triphenylphosphine afforded the stabilized ylide 3-(2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-oxopropylidene-triphenylphosphorane 2. Reaction of the ylide 2 with a properly protected D-glyceraldehyde 3 afforded the α,β-unsaturated ketone 4 with a 12-carbon-atom skeleton, the stereoselective osmylation of which, followed by deprotection, gave the C-disaccharide 7a. To obtain the succinylated C-disaccharide 7b, (S)-2-O-benzyl-3-O-(benzyloxysuccinyl)glyceraldehyde 3b was employed, which was obtained by enzymic benzyloxysuccinylation of 2-O-benzylglycerol and subsequent oxidation.
Identifying Specific Conformations by Using a Carbohydrate Scaffold: Discovery of Subtype‐Selective LPA‐Receptor Agonists and an Antagonist (2004)

Stabile und potente Untertyp-selektive Analoga (Agonisten und ein Antagonist) der Lysophosphatidsäure (LPA) wurden unter Verwendung von Kohlenhydraten als Kernstruktur entwickelt (siehe Schema, R=Alkyl). Eine Reihe von Molekülen, in denen die LPA-Erkennungsmotive (ein Phosphation, eine Oleoylgruppe und ein Wasserstoffbrückenacceptor) an Kohlenhydratisomeren in unterschiedlichen räumlichen Anordnungen gebunden sind, wurde auf Aktivierung oder Inhibierung von LPA-Rezeptoren geprüft.
ThruChip interface (TCI) for 3D networks on chip (2011)

This paper presents a wireless interconnection for 3D Networks on Chip, namely ThruChip Interface (TCI). TCI employs near field inductive coupling that is suitable for high-density parallel channel arrangement with small cross talk. It is less expensive than TSV by over 20c/chip, since it is implemented by digital circuits in a standard CMOS. It bears comparison with TSV in terms of data rate (10Gb/s/ch), reliability (BER<;10-14), and energy dissipation (0.1pJ/b). ESD protection devices can be eliminated to lower delay, power, and area. It provides with an AC coupling link to make interface design easy under multiple/variable VDD's. The cost/performance will further be improved exponentially by thinning chip thickness. This talk will cover basics, applications, and future perspectives of the TCI.
Brillouin fast-light fiber laser super-sensor (2013)

We present a comprehensive study of the properties of a superluminal fiber laser based super-sensor employing Brillouin gain. Exact analytical expression for the required parameters and the sensitivity enhancement are derived. The dependence of the sensitivity enhancement on the measured phase shift is found to be highly nonlinear, rapidly increasing at smaller quanta. The minimal detectable shift due to shot noise is found to be smaller by 8 orders of magnitudes compared to conventional laser sensors. The tradeoffs between the attainable sensitivity enhancement, the cavity dimensions and the impact of the cavity roundtrip loss are studied in details providing a set of design rules for the optimization of the super-sensor.
A Hierarchical RBF Online Learning Algorithm for Real-Time 3-D Scanner (2009)

In this paper, a novel real-time online network model is presented. It is derived from the hierarchical radial basis function (HRBF) model and it grows by automatically adding units at smaller scales, where the surface details are located, while data points are being collected. Real-time operation is achieved by exploiting the quasi-local nature of the Gaussian units: through the definition of a quad-tree structure to support their receptive field local network reconfiguration can be obtained. The model has been applied to 3-D scanning, where an updated real-time display of the manifold to the operator is fundamental to drive the acquisition procedure itself. Quantitative results are reported, which show that the accuracy achieved is comparable to that of two batch approaches: batch HRBF and support vector machines (SVMs). However, these two approaches are not suitable to real-time online learning. Moreover, proof of convergence is also given.
A 20-Year Analysis of Clinical Trials Involving Proton Beam Therapy (2016)

Among PBT CTs, most were phase II trials, with a very few being phase III CTs. Funding of PBT CTs originating from industry or the NIH is limited. Recently, there has been a declining trajectory of newly initiated PBT trials. It is not yet clear whether this represents a true trend or just a pause in CT implementation. Despite multiple impediments to PBT CTs, the particle therapy community continues to work toward evidence generation.
TiSi2 Selective Growth in a Rapid Thermal Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition System (1992)

The aim of this work is to selectively deposit titanium disilicide films on silicon area vs. silicon oxide area through a new commercial RTLPCVD apparatus. As a preliminary study, we tested our deposition system by using the well‐known polysilicon deposition process. By this way, we showed that the temperature homogeneity on a 4 in. wafer is quite satisfying, and that the growth rates are about ten times higher than those obtained by using a standard hot wall LPCVD system. Then, we studied the titanium silicide deposition from either pure titanium tetrachloride or hydrogen‐diluted titanium tetrachloride. As‐deposited layers are well‐adherent to the substrate and crystallized according to the C 54 structure. The resistivity ranges from 15–20 μΩ‐cm and the selectivity on 8 μm wide lines never fails. An anomalous substrate silicon etching is observed when pure titanium chloride is used but we show that hydrogen dilution inhibits this unwanted phenomenon. Chemical reactions are proposed to explain the silicide deposition and the unwanted formation of gaseous silicon species leading to this anomalous silicon etching when pure titanium chloride is used.
The Acceleration/Deceleration Control Algorithm Based on Trapezoid-Curve Jerk in CNC Machining (2013)

In this study, we put forward an Acc/Dec control algorithm based on trapezoid-curve jerk in order to avoid step change in jerk curve. Moreover, the motion profile smooth control approach based on continuous jerk is developed in details to decrease machine tools impact according to various kinematics constraint conditions, such as the maximum acceleration, the maximum jerk, the machining program segment displacement, the instruction feed rate and so on; Finally, the developed Acc/Dec approach and the traditional linear Acc/Dec approach are compared in the CNC experimental table. The results reveal that the developed approach can achieve more smooth and flexible motion profile, which is helpful to minish machine tools impact and enhance parts machining surface quality.
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Rheumatologic Diseases (2007)

T he prevalence and importance of cardiovascular disease in rheumatologic disorders have increased in the setting of therapeutic advances, resulting in longer life expectancy, a growing understanding of the importance of inflammation and the immune system in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and enhanced disease detection with the use of sophisticated noninvasive cardiac and vascular diagnostic technology. This article will briefly review cardiovascular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases with an emphasis on recent clinical research. Rheumatologic diseases will be discussed individually for ease of reference, although pathophysiology and basis for cardiovascular abnormalities may be common among some of them. When applicable, cardiovascular disease will be categorized as vascular (accelerated atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, small-vessel disease, aortic disease), myocardial (abnormalities of structure and function), valvular, pericardial, and conduction diseases. Endothelial dysfunction, although reported in some rheumatologic diseases, will not be systematically discussed in view of space limitations and the nonspecific and incompletely characterized nature of this abnormality. Discussion of suggested mechanisms underlying cardiovascular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases is beyond the scope of this review. Rheumatologic diseases with vasculitis as the primary manifestation, such as giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis, will not be discussed.
US28 in melanoma growth (2008)

The human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) encodes the G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) US28. This receptor signals constitutively and interacts with a broad range of chemokines, which are crucial to the pathophysiological significance and immunoregulatory aspects of this receptor. Chemokines and their receptors have been shown to be key determinants of tumor growth and formation of metastases. US28 exerts anti-tumorigenic effects in two melanoma cell lines. Here we show that in contrast to all other previously studied cell lines, US28 is expressed on the cell surface in the melanoma cell lines Sbcl2 and 451Lu. We found that GASP – the G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein – which sorts US28 and many other GPCRs to the lysosomes is absent in melanoma cells. The absence of GASP might affect the tumor-suppressing properties of US28. Melanoma cells produce several chemokines, one of them is the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We found that the MCP-1 level in the supernatants of 451Lu cells increased when US28 wt was expressed. US28Δ317, a truncated mutant of US28 which is known to have enhanced signalling capacity compared to US28 wt, increased the MCP-1 concentration up to 20-fold. We speculate that the constitutive signalling of the receptor regulates the MCP-1 production of melanoma cells.