gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased cholesterol is vital to the development of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in Ossabaw swine (2008)

Ossabaw swine fed excess kcal high fat/cholesterol diet develop metabolic syndrome. Many studies have linked a high‐fructose diet to development of metabolic syndrome without dyslipidemia. We tested the hypothesis that a high fructose diet will induce metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a high fructose/fat/cholesterol diet will induce more severe, dyslipidemic MetS (DMetS). We fed healthy, lean Ossabaw swine control chow (N=9), high fructose diet (MetS; N=8), or high fructose/fat/cholesterol diet (DMetS; N=6) for 28 weeks. Compared to lean pigs, both MetS and DMetS developed obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. However, increased cholesterol was seen only in DMetS compared to lean, while MetS was not different from lean. Importantly, DMetS developed type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by significantly increased fasting blood glucose and pancreatic beta‐cell failure (lack of both hyperinsulinemic response to intravenous glucose tolerance test and beta‐cell immunohistochemistry). Intravascular ultrasound revealed very minimal CAD in lean and MetS, but CAD in DMetS was occlusive and diffuse. In conclusion, although several risk factors for CAD are present in MetS Ossabaw swine, dyslipidemia is a crucial component in the development of type 2 diabetes and CAD. The data are consistent with a role of lipotoxicity. Support: NIH RR013223 , HL062552.
Influence of Oral Helicobacter pylori on the Success of Eradication Therapy Against Gastric Helicobacter pylori (2000)

H. pylori in the oral cavity affected the outcome of eradication therapy and was associated with a recurrence of gastric infection. We recommend that oral H. pylori should be examined by nested PCR and, if positive, should be considered a causal factor in refractory or recurrent cases.
Association mapping of complex diseases in linked regions: estimation of genetic effects and feasibility of testing rare variants (2002)

Association mapping in linked regions is a current major approach for the identification of genes for complex diseases. Loci contributing to linkage, even with small values of sibling recurrence risk (lambda(s)), may be equivalent to substantial underlying genetic effects for association studies. For disease alleles with a frequency as low as 1%, highly reliable association studies (80% power for significance level alpha=10(-6)) require only 277, 781, and 1289 families or cases and controls for loci detected with lambda(s) of 1.5, 1.1, and 1.05, respectively, under a multiplicative genetic model. Under alternative models, provided epistatic effects are minor, larger achievable sample sizes will provide sufficient power to map almost any disease gene that may have initially contributed to linkage.
A New Glutamine Synthetase Index to Evaluate Hepatic Lobular Restoration in Advanced Fibrosis During Anti-HBV Therapy (2021)

Abstract Background Hepatic lobular architecture distortion is a deleterious turning point and crucial histological feature of advanced liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Regression of fibrosis has been documented in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, the restoration of lobular architecture after antiviral therapy is still unclear. Here, we propose a new glutamine synthetase (GS) index (GS-index) to evaluate the extent of architectural disruption and restoration. Methods We evaluated 43 pre-and post-treatment liver biopsies of CHB patients with advanced fibrosis (Ishak stage≥4). Glutamine synthetase (GS) is normally expressed by perivenular hepatocytes around hepatic veins (HV). When GS expression is observed in the vicinity of portal tracts (PT), it denotes parenchymal extinction and lobular collapse. We propose the new glutamine synthetase index (GS-index), defined as the percentage of GS HV /(GS HV + GS PT ), to evaluate the extent of architectural disruption and restoration. Results The median GS-index improved from 7% at baseline to 36% at week 78 ( P &lt;0.001). When GS-index 78w ≥50% used to define hepatic lobular restoration, 37% patients (16/43) achieved lobular restoration, with improvement in ALT and AST levels. More importantly, GS-index correlated with fibrosis regression, one stage fibrosis improvement in restored group and no change in non-restored patients ( P =0.030). Conclusion In the era of antiviral therapy for CHB, restoration of hepatic lobular architecture is achievable. GS-index gives a new evaluation tool to quantitively assess hepatic lobular status and therapeutic benefits in CHB patients.
TEI Query Request Number Change (2006)

The IUA protocol described in RFC4233 defines the messages type of TEI
Query Request messages as 5. But this number is already used by the
IUA extension DUA described in RFC4129. This document updates IUA such
that the message type of TEI Query Request messages is 8.
Effect of Minor Elements on Normal Grain Growth Rate in Singly Oriented Si-Steel (1963)

The normal grain growth behavior of cold rolled 3.25 wt%Si-steel has been studied.The rate of boundary migration was found to be retarded by elements having a low solid solubility such as Te, Pb, Nb, Ag, Au, Sb, Se, Ti, S, and Ni.The free energy of activation for boundary migration (ΔFA) was calculated. Sufficient amount of these elments being added, the value of ΔFA becomes in close agreement with the free energy of activation for volume self-diffusion of alpha-iron. Impurity atoms with a low intragranular solubility will segregate preferentially at grain boundary because they can there reduce the misfit energy, and then the free energy of activation for boundary migration will tend towards a value approaching that characteristic of volume self-diffusion.
zUpdate (2013)

Datacenter networks (DCNs) are constantly evolving due to various updates such as switch upgrades and VM migrations. Each update must be carefully planned and executed in order to avoid disrupting many of the mission-critical, interactive applications hosted in DCNs. The key challenge arises from the inherent difficulty in synchronizing the changes to many devices, which may result in unforeseen transient link load spikes or even congestions. We present one primitive, zUpdate, to perform congestion-free network updates under asynchronous switch and traffic matrix changes. We formulate the update problem using a network model and apply our model to a variety of representative update scenarios in DCNs. We develop novel techniques to handle several practical challenges in realizing zUpdate as well as implement the zUpdate prototype on OpenFlow switches and deploy it on a testbed that resembles real DCN topology. Our results, from both real-world experiments and large-scale trace-driven simulations, show that zUpdate can effectively perform congestion-free updates in production DCNs.
High-precision visual control of mobile manipulators (2002)

In this paper, we present a high-precision visual control method for mobile manipulators called mobile camera-space manipulation (MCSM). Development of MCSM was inspired by the unique challenges presented in conducting unmanned planetary exploration using rovers. In order to increase the efficacy of such missions, the amount of human interaction must be minimized due to the large time delay and high cost of transmissions between Earth and other planets. Using MCSM, the rover can maneuver itself into position, engage a target rock, and perform any of a variety of manipulation tasks all with one round-trip transmission of instruction. MCSM also achieves a high level of precision in positioning the onboard manipulator relative to its target. Experimental results are presented in which a rover positions a tool mounted in its manipulator to within 1 mm of the desired target feature on a rock. MCSM makes efficient use of all of the system's degrees of freedom (DOF), which reduces the required number of actuators for the manipulator. This reduction in manipulator DOFs decreases overall system weight, power consumption, and complexity while increasing reliability. MCSM does not rely on a calibrated camera system. Its excellent positioning precision is robust to model errors and uncertainties in measurements, a great strength for systems operating in harsh environments.
Improved Power Flow Methods for DC Grids (2020)

This paper presents a steady-state model and as-sociated power flow equations that can be applied to any dc grid. State-of-art power flow methods and two newly proposed methods are discussed and applied to the proposed steady-state model. A standardized IEEE test feeder is used to benchmark the power flow methods with respect to accuracy, convergence and computational efficiency. It is shown that the two new methods have a superior performance compared to the existing techniques for the steady-state analysis of most common dc grids, providing up to a 93 % increase in computational efficiency for the system that was analyzed in this paper. Therefore, it is demonstrated in this paper that these power flow techniques can be used for the operation, planning, optimization, market simulation, and security assessment of practical dc grids.
Assessment of Thymic Activity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative and -Positive Adolescents by Real-Time PCR Quantitation of T-Cell Receptor Rearrangement Excision Circles (2003)

Circular DNA molecules known as T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) arise during T-cell development and are present in cells that have recently emigrated from the thymus. In cross-sectional studies, the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing TREC decreases with age, consistent with an anatomically demonstrated loss of thymic epithelial tissue. TREC numbers increase following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and during therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Quantitation of TREC has therefore been proposed as a parameter of thymic activity. In this study, we used real-time PCR to quantify TREC in peripheral blood samples obtained longitudinally from HIV-seronegative adolescents. TREC values in peripheral blood T cells were very stable throughout adolescence, once thought to be a time of rapid involution of the thymus. In addition, in a cross-sectional analysis, we examined TREC values in a cohort of HIV-positive adolescents and found evidence of ongoing thymopoiesis in perinatally infected individuals, despite lifelong infection. These data demonstrate the utility of TREC assessment in adolescents and that HIV infection does not uniformly result in accelerated thymic involution in childhood.
Immunotherapeutic activity of a conjugate of a Toll-like receptor 7 ligand (2007)

The immunotherapeutic activity of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activators has been difficult to exploit because of side effects related to the release and systemic dispersion of proinflammatory cytokines. To overcome this barrier, we have synthesized a versatile TLR7 agonist, 4-[6-amino-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)purin-9-ylmethyl]benzaldehyde (UC-1V150), bearing a free aldehyde that could be coupled to many different auxiliary chemical entities through a linker molecule with a hydrazine or amino group without any loss of activity. UC-1V150 was covalently coupled to mouse serum albumin (MSA) at a 5:1 molar ratio to yield a stable molecule with a characteristically altered UV spectrum. Compared with the unconjugated TLR7 agonist, the UC-1V150/MSA was a 10- to 100-fold more potent inducer of cytokine production in vitro by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When administrated to the lung, the conjugate induced a prolonged local release of cytokines at levels 10-fold or more higher than those found in serum. Under the same conditions, the untethered TLR7 ligand induced quick systemic cytokine release with resultant toxicity. In addition, two pulmonary infectious disease models were investigated wherein mice were pretreated with the conjugate and then challenged with either Bacillus anthracis spores or H1N1 influenza A virus. Significant delay in mortality was observed in both disease models with UC-1V150/MSA-pretreated mice, indicating the potential usefulness of the conjugate as a localized and targeted immunotherapeutic agent.
Computational Simulation of Anterior-Medial Tibial Tuberosity Transfer: Optimization With Simulated Annealing (2007)

Patellofemoral (PF) disorders remain complex and multifactorial. PF pathology, such as PF knee pain, excessive lateral pressure, and PF arthritis have been linked to excessive contact forces and pressure between the patella and femur [1]. Antero-medial transfer of the tibial tuberosity and tibial attachment of the patellar tendon is a procedure that was designed to reduce the PF contact pressure, thereby decreasing pain symptoms of early PF arthritis. The transfer procedure alters the angle between the patellar tendon and the quadriceps muscle force, and increases the patellar moment arm. These changes result in a reduction in the quadriceps force required for a given knee flexion strength, and in reduced contact pressure between the patella and femur. However, the tubercle movement also changes the flexion of the patella in the sagital plane, which alters not only regions of contact at various degrees of motion, but may also alter the contact area at these flexion ranges. PF forces, contact pressures and kinematics have been evaluated both prior to, and following, anteromedialization procedures in several cadaveric studies, e.g. [2]. Computational studies have evaluated the potential of anterior and medial tuberosity transfer to reduce PF contact pressure, including a study utilizing patient-specific models to analyze isolated anterior transfer at 15 and 20 mm, and combined antero-medial transfer at two different treatment levels for single, static flexion positions [3]. However, this study suggested that optimal tuberosity transfer required to decrease contact pressure was widely variable between patients and had less absolute decreases than earlier studies. This variability of contact pressure may translate clinically to patient comfort and thus, to maximize surgical outcome, it is likely necessary to identify a patient-specific parameter. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of optimization, specifically simulated annealing, to determine the optimal amounts of anterior and medial transfer of the tibial tuberosity required to minimize peak patellofemoral contact pressure during a deep flexion cycle.
Effects Of A First Semester Learning Community On The Academic And Social Integration Of Nontraditional Technical Students At A Commuting Institution (2000)

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The role of lossless systems in modern digital signal processing: a tutorial (1989)

A self-contained discussion of discrete-time lossless systems and their properties and relevance in digital signal processing is presented. The basic concept of losslessness is introduced, and several algebraic properties of lossless systems are studied. An understanding of these properties is crucial in order to exploit the rich usefulness of lossless systems in digital signal processing. Since lossless systems typically have many input and output terminals, a brief review of multiinput multioutput systems is included. The most general form of a rational lossless transfer matrix is presented along with synthesis procedures for the FIR (finite impulse response) case. Some applications of lossless systems in signal processing are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of new dinuclear Fe(iii) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity (2021)

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. The disease is a major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. The available therapy for this disease is based on two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which exhibit severe side effects, including resistance, severe cytotoxicity, variable efficacy and inefficiency in the chronic phase. Therefore, new drugs are urgently needed. Coordination compounds may be an interesting alternative for antiparasite therapy against <i>Leishmania</i> spp., <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>T. cruzi</i>. Herein, we tested the <i>in vitro</i> effect on <i>T. cruzi</i> epimastigotes (Y strain) of two new μ-oxo Fe(III) dinuclear complexes: [(HL1)(Cl)Fe(μ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)<sub>2</sub>·(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (1) and [(HL2)(Cl)Fe(μ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (2) where HL1 and HL2 are ligands which contain two pyridines, amine and alcohol moieties with a naphthyl pendant unit yielding a N<sub>3</sub>O coordination environment. Complexes (1) and (2), which are isomers, were completely characterized, including X-ray diffraction studies for complex (1). Parasites were treated with the complexes and the outcome was analyzed. Complex (1) exhibited the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> values, which were 99 ± 3, 97 ± 2 and 110 ± 39 nM, after 48, 72 and 120 h of treatment, respectively. Complex (2) showed IC<sub>50</sub> values of 118 ± 5, 122 ± 6 and 104 ± 29 nM for the same treatment times. Low cytotoxicity to the host cell LLC-MK2 was found for both complexes, resulting in impressive selectivity indexes of 106 for complex (1) and 178 for (2), after 120 h of treatment. Treatment with both complexes reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the parasite. Ultrastructural analysis of the parasite after treatment with complexes showed that the mitochondria outer membrane presented swelling and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast; in addition, reservosomes presented anomalous spicules and rupture. The complexes showed low nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values affecting mitochondria and reservosomes, essential organelles for the survival of the parasite. The low IC<sub>50</sub> and the high selectivity index show that both complexes act as a new prototype of drugs against <i>T. cruzi</i> and may be used for further development in drug discovery to treat Chagas disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxime Ether Derivatives of β‐Arylpropiophenones and 2‐p‐Methoxybenzylindan‐1‐one as Potential Antiinflammatory and Antiulcer Agents. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reversible hippocampal lesions disrupt water maze performance during both recent and remote memory tests (2006)

Conventional lesion methods have shown that damage to the rodent hippocampus can impair previously acquired spatial memory in tasks such as the water maze. In contrast, work with reversible lesion methods using a different spatial task has found remote memory to be spared. To determine whether the finding of spared remote spatial memory depends on the lesion method, we reversibly inactivated the hippocampus with lidocaine either immediately (0-DAY) or 1 mo (30-DAY) after training in a water maze. For both the 0-DAY and 30-DAY retention tests, rats that received lidocaine infusions exhibited impaired performance. In addition, when the 0-DAY group was retested 2 d later, (when the drug was no longer active), the effect was reversed. That is, rats that had previously received lidocaine performed as well as control rats did. These findings indicate that the rodent hippocampus is important for both recent and remote spatial memory, as assessed in the water maze. What determines whether remote spatial memory is preserved or impaired following disruption of hippocampal function appears to be the type of task used to assess spatial memory, not the method used to disrupt the hippocampus.
Demographic Variations of Income, Race, and Healthcare Access and Their Relationship to Donor Organ Allocation: Potential Impact of Redistricting. (2014)

While geographic disparities in access to liver transplantation violate federal laws and should be addressed in revised organ allocation policies, equity in access across all racial and socioeconomic groups must also be considered in any redistricting proposal. We evaluated the potential impact of redistricting with respect to SES, race, disease burden and access to healthcare on UNOS Region 3 (Southeast). The Southeast has a higher incidence of liver failure compared to other parts of the country, which suggests a greater need for transplant. Region 3 of UNOS according to CDC data (liver disease mortality) has an incidence rate of 10.8 (per 100,000) compared to 9.1 in region 1 and 10.3 in the US overall. By race, 28.8% of Region 3 donors are AA compared to 14% of donors nationally. Among transplant recipients, a larger percentage of patients are AA in Region 3 (14.1%) versus nationally (11.2%). Nationally, AA patients receive liver transplants at a higher mean MELD score, 23 vs. 21, compared to Whites. AA patients are also listed at a higher MELD score than Whites (20 vs. 17). By SES, 13.7% of UNOS region 3 listed patients live below the federal poverty level compared to 12.3% nationally. With respect to health care access, AA patients, who primarily live in the Southeast, have a higher percentage (17.3%) living below the federal poverty level compared to Whites (10.3%) in the U.S. Additionally, median income by zip code for US recipients was $45,500 while region 3 recipients had a median income of $41,000. These data do not take into account the possibility that a significant number of patients living below the FPL may never be evaluated for liver transplantation due to poor access to healthcare. While broader sharing of livers through redistricting may reduce geographic disparities in liver transplantation, it is unclear how this change may impact access to liver transplantation among racial/ethnic minorities and patients with lower SES. Policy makers should consider that racial and socioeconomic disparities could increase if more organs are retrieved from the Southeast and utilized in the Northeast.
Ghost Target Detection in 3D Radar Data using Point Cloud based Deep Neural Network (2021)

Ghost targets are targets that appear at wrong locations in radar data and are caused by the presence of multiple indirect reflections between the target and the sensor. In this work, we introduce the first point based deep learning approach for ghost target detection in 3D radar point clouds. This is done by extending the PointNet network architecture by modifying its input to include radar point features beyond location and introducing skip connetions. We compare different input modalities and analyze the effects of the changes we introduced. We also propose an approach for automatic labeling of ghost targets 3D radar data using lidar as reference. The algorithm is trained and tested on real data in various driving scenarios and the tests show promising results in classifying real and ghost radar targets.
Design of stable IIR filters in the complex domain by automatic delay selection (1996)

A major problem encountered when designing infinite impulse response (IIR) filters in the complex domain is to ensure that the filter is stable. Instability occurs frequently when the IIR filter approximates the inverse of a nonminimum phase system. This is often the case for equalization filters. Addition of delay to the target frequency response can result in a stable filter. However, to date, delay selection has been a matter of trial and error. The article presents an automated method for finding the delay.
Radiation-hardened pure silica-core fibre optics (1983)

Transmission losses induced by ionising radiation in fibre opties having cores drawn from pure synthetic silica may be reduced by pre-exposure to large hardening doses. Characteristics of the hardened fibres are described and the necessary features of the hardening irradiations identified.