gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis by the nurr1/nur77 Subfamily of Nuclear Receptors (1997)

The present study was designed to examine the role of the nurr1/nur77 subfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors in the regulation of the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis at the neuroendocrine level. We demonstrate that this nuclear receptor subfamily can regulate the expression of the CRF and POMC genes by interacting with a specific cis-acting sequence in their proximal promoter regions. To examine the physiological significance of this response, we have focused on the POMC gene. We provide evidence that nurr1 and nur77 are rapidly induced by CRF in primary pituitary cells and that this induction is mimicked by forskolin in an anterior pituitary cell line. Further, we demonstrate that both nurr1- and forskolin-dependent induction of a POMC-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene are inhibited by mutation of the nurr1-binding site within the POMC promoter and that this site alone can confer cAMP responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. Finally, we provide evidence that the nurr1/nur77 response sequence is pivotal to both nurr1/nur77-dependent positive regulation and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent negative regulation of the POMC gene. These data strongly support the conclusion that the nurr1/nur77 subfamily plays an important coordinate neuroendocrine-regulatory role at all levels of the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis.
Structural comparison of a redox pair of copper(I/II) complexes having benzimidazole thioether ligands (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural comparison of a redox pair of copper(I/II) complexes having benzimidazole thioether ligandsJeffrey V. Dagdigian, Vickie McKee, and Christopher A. ReedCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 4, 1332–1342Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00134a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00134a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ethylbenzene solubility, diffusivity, and permeability in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2000)

The pure-gas sorption, diffusion, and permeation properties of ethylbenzene in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are reported at 35, 45, and 55 °C and at pressures ranging from 0 to 4.4 cmHg. Additionally, mixed-gas ethylbenzene/N2 permeability properties at 35 °C, a total feed pressure of 10 atm, and a permeate pressure of 1 atm are reported. Ethylbenzene solubility increases with increasing penetrant relative pressure and can be described by the Flory–Rehner model with an interaction parameter of 0.24 ± 0.02. At a fixed relative pressure, ethylbenzene solubility decreases with increasing temperature, and the enthalpy of sorption is −41.4 ± 0.3 kJ/mol, which is independent of ethylbenzene concentration and essentially equal to the enthalpy of condensation of pure ethylbenzene. Ethylbenzene diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing concentration at 35 °C. The activation energy of ethylbenzene diffusion in PDMS at infinite dilution is 49 ± 6 kJ/mol. The ethylbenzene activation energies of permeation decrease from near 0 to −34 ± 7 kJ/mol as concentration increases, whereas the activation energy of permeation for pure N2 is 8 ± 2 kJ/mol. At 35 °C, ethylbenzene and N2 permeability coefficients determined from pure-gas permeation experiments are similar to those obtained from mixed-gas permeation experiments, and ethylbenzene/N2 selectivity values as high as 800 were observed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1461–1473, 2000
Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARγ signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes (2003)

Trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has previously been shown to be the CLA isomer responsible for CLA-induced reductions in body fat in animal models, and we have shown that this isomer, but not the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer, specifically decreased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in primary human adipocytes in vitro. Here we investigated the mechanism behind the isomer-specific, CLA-mediated reduction in TG accumulation in differentiating human preadipocytes. Trans-10,cis-12 CLA decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and oxidation, and reduced insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 gene expression. Furthermore, trans-10,cis-12 CLA reduced oleic acid uptake and oxidation when compared with all other treatments. In parallel to CLA's effects on metabolism, trans-10,cis-12 CLA decreased, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA increased, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and several of its downstream target genes when compared with vehicle controls. Transient transfections demonstrated that both CLA isomers antagonized ligand-dependent activation of PPARgamma. Collectively, trans-10,cis-12, but not cis-9, trans-11, CLA decreased glucose and lipid uptake and oxidation and preadipocyte differentiation by altering preadipocyte gene transcription in a manner that appeared to be due, in part, to decreased PPARgamma expression.
Leveraging popular destinations to enhance Web search interaction (2008)

This article presents a novel Web search interaction feature that for a given query provides links to Web sites frequently visited by other users with similar information needs. These popular destinations complement traditional search results, allowing direct navigation to authoritative resources for the query topic. Destinations are identified using the history of the search and browsing behavior of many users over an extended time period, and their collective behavior provides a basis for computing source authority. They are drawn from the end of users' postquery browse trails where users may cease searching once they find relevant information. We describe a user study that compared the suggestion of destinations with the previously proposed suggestion of related queries as well as with traditional, unaided Web search. Results show that search enhanced by query suggestions outperforms other systems in terms of subject perceptions and search effectiveness for fact-finding search tasks. However, search enhanced by destination suggestions performs best for exploratory tasks with its best performance obtained from mining past user behavior at query-level granularity. We discuss the implications of these and other findings from our study for the design of search systems that utilize user behavior, in particular, user browse trails and popular destinations.
Preparation of (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 Thin Films by Sulfurization and Their Application to Solar Cells (2017)

(Cu,Ag)2SnS3 (CATS) thin films and solar cells have been fabricated by sulfurization process for the first time and their properties have been investigated. In first experiment, the stacked NaF/(Ag+Cu)/Sn precursor deposited by sequential evaporation of Sn, Ag and Cu elements and NaF followed by crystallization in selenium/tin mixing atmosphere for 30 min at 570°C. The Ag/(Ag+Cu) mole ratio and the grain sizes in the thin films increased with increasing the Ag/(Ag+Cu) mole ratio in the evaporation materials. In second experiment, two kinds of precursors constructed by NaF/(Ag+Cu)/Sn (Precursor A) and NaF/Sn/(Ag+Cu) (Precursor B) were crystallized by annealing in selenium/tin mixing atmosphere for 30 min at the various temperature. The open circuit voltage Voc in the CATS solar cells prepared from precursor B were larger than those from precursor A. The grain growth in CATS thin films was observed with increasing the sulfurization temperature. The best performance of the CATS solar cell fabricated from precursor B at the sulfurization temperature of 530°C corresponded to an open circuit voltage of 257mV, a short circuit current density of 9.31 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.26, and an efficiency of 0.61%, which was the first report of the photovoltaic effect for CATS thin film.
HVDC Rectifier Station Modelling, Control and Synchronization with AC Systems (2015)

This chapter focuses on the modelling and control of the HVDC rectifier station. Inner and master controls are presented and control linearization is discussed. The phase-locked loop (PLL) is also analysed, and a full analytical model is derived for the transvector PLL. Solved examples are provided.
β-Carbolines induce apoptotic death of cerebellar granule neurones in culture (1996)

Apart from its role in fast inhibitory transmission, only neurotrophic effects have been reported following activation of the GABAA receptor. Here, we show that n-butyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and n-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide, which are negative allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor acting at the benzodiazepine site, are neurotoxic for cerebellar granule neurones in culture. The beta-carboline-induced neuronal death is apoptotic since DNA internucleosomal fragmentation was induced and the neurotoxicity could be prevented by inhibitors of mRNA or protein synthesis. As GABA and benzodiazepine ligands (diazepam and Ro 15-1788) protect cerebellar granule cells against beta-carboline-induced toxicity, these data raise the possibility that the interaction between the beta-carbolines and the GABAA receptor is the triggering event leading to neuronal apoptosis.
13C NMR sequence analysis, 21. Stereoselectivity of oligopeptide syntheses (1982)

Abstract Various diastereomeric N ‐protected dipeptide methyl esters were synthesized from N ‐protected racemic amino acids and racemic amino acid methyl esters. Derivatives of alanine, valine, leucine, and phenylalanine were condensed in various solvents including optically active solvents such as O ‐acetyl lactic acid ethyl ester, N ‐acetyl lactic acid ethyl ester, or N ‐acetyl L‐alanine methyl ester. The N ‐protected amino acids were activated by means of 2‐ethoxy‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4‐chlorothiophenol, 1,1‐carbonyldiimidazole, 1‐diethoxyphosphino‐1,3,4‐triazole, chloroacetonitrile, and isobutyl chloroformate. The reaction mixtures containing four stereoisomers were analyzed by means of 13 C NMR spectroscopy with respect to the mole ratios of the diastereomeric dipeptides. The stereoselectivity of all experiments was low. The number of experiments favoring the formation of L‐L (D‐D) sequences exceeded by far the number of those favoring L‐D (D‐L) sequences. Tripeptide syntheses, conducted under the reaction conditions of various dipeptide syntheses, revealed that the stereoselectivity is influenced by chiral neighboring groups. However, these “penultimate effects” are not stronger than solvent effects.
<title>True temperature measurements on microscopic semiconductor targets</title> (1999)

Thermal imaging of microscopic targets has become a critical need in the manufacturing of semiconductors and other electronic devices as thermal budgets become ever more demanding and devices become more compact and powerful. This paper describes the third generation of thermal microimagers, representing the newest advances in a twenty-year evolution of instruments having the unique capability of spatial emissivity correction for 'true' surface temperature measurement. The detection and identification of design and process defects and the management of device thermal budgets are described. The achievement of a measurement spatial resolution of better than 3 micrometers, previously unattainable, is also described.
Expression of Alcaligenes eutrophus Flavohemoprotein and Engineered Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin-Reductase Fusion Protein for Improved Hypoxic Growth of Escherichia coli (2000)

Expression of the vhb gene encoding hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla sp. (VHb) in several organisms has been shown to improve microaerobic cell growth and enhance oxygen-dependent product formation. The amino-terminal hemoglobin domain of the flavohemoprotein (FHP) of the gram-negative hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus has 51% sequence homology with VHb. However, like other flavohemoglobins and unlike VHb, FHP possesses a second (carboxy-terminal) domain with NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) reductase activities. To examine whether the carboxy-terminal redox-active site of flavohemoproteins can be used to improve the positive effects of VHb in microaerobic Escherichia coli cells, we fused sequences encoding NAD(P)H, FAD, or NAD(P)H-FAD reductase activities of A. eutrophus in frame after the vhb gene. Similarly, the gene for FHP was modified, and expression cassettes encoding amino-terminal hemoglobin (FHPg), FHPg-FAD, FHPg-NAD, or FHP activities were constructed. Biochemically active heme proteins were produced from all of these constructions in Escherichia coli, as indicated by their ability to scavenge carbon monoxide. The presence of FHP or of VHb-FAD-NAD reductase increased the final cell density of transformed wild-type E. coli cells approximately 50 and 75%, respectively, for hypoxic fed-batch culture relative to the control synthesizing VHb. Approximately the same final optical densities were achieved with the E. coli strains expressing FHPg and VHb. The presence of VHb-FAD or FHPg-FAD increased the final cell density slightly relative to the VHb-expressing control under the same cultivation conditions. The expression of VHb-NAD or FHPg-NAD fusion proteins reduced the final cell densities approximately 20% relative to the VHb-expressing control. The VHb-FAD-NAD reductase-expressing strain was also able to synthesize 2.3-fold more recombinant beta-lactamase relative to the VHb-expressing control.
Brominated isoindolines: precursors to functionalised nitroxides (1999)

A new, convenient method for the preparation of functionalised precursors to stable tetraalkylisoindoline nitroxides (aminoxyls) is presented. Simple treatment of 2-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 2 with Br2 in CCl4 gives rapid oxidative debenzylation, generating benzaldehyde and an unusual bromoamine, 2-bromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 4, in high yield. Treatment of the bromoamine 4 with FeSO4–H2SO4 results in bromination of the aromatic ring in varying yield, while rapid treatment with peroxide–tungstate causes debromination, generating 1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 3. Bromination of the isoindoline aromatic ring is more readily afforded by treatment of 2-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 2 with Br2 and AlCl3 in CCl4, producing 2,5-dibromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 7 and/or 2,5,6-tribromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 6 in varying yields depending upon the exact reaction conditions. Rapid treatment with peroxide–tungstate generates the corresponding bromine substituted isoindolines, 5-bromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 5 and 5,6-dibromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 8. Prolonged peroxide–tungstate treatment oxidises the substituted bromoamines to the corresponding nitroxides, 5-bromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl 9 and 5,6-dibromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl 10. SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements of crystalline 10 reveal strong antiferromagnetic interradical spin coupling. The crystal structures of 10, 2-bromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 4 and the hydrobromide dihydrate salt of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline 3 (3a) have also been determined, with 10 displaying an interesting molecular packing arrangement.
BACTERIAL COLONIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (1982)

The bacterial colonization of the nose, umbilicus, perineum and faeces in 85 newborns was studied during one period of high and one of low occupancy in a neonatal intensive care unit. Cultures were taken on admission, at three days, at one week of age, and then weekly during the stay in the unit. Colonization took place early and potential pathogens were responsible for a significant part of the spectrum. At one week of age, more than 50% of the infants had Staphylococcus aureus in the nose and umbilicus, 25% had E. coli and/or Klebsiella enterobacter in the umbilicus, and 60% had Klebsiella enterobacter in the perineum. Neither the occupancy rate in the unit nor the clinical state of the infant seemed to influence the colonization pattern significantly. Changes in flora were frequent in the individual infant. However, the bacterial spectrum remained essentially the same with increasing age during the stay in the unit and during the two periods. Only on two occasions was the same phage type of Staphylococcus aureus found in two infants at the same time. Two cases of septicemia occurred in the 85 infants during the three months of the study. Both infants were colonized beforehand with the causative organism. The results may indicate that the clinical state of the infant is of greater importance for risk of septicemia than the pattern of the bacterial colonization.
Thinner, Smaller, Faster: IR Techniques To Probe the Functionality of Biological and Biomimetic Systems (2010)

New techniques in vibrational spectroscopy are promising for the study of biological samples as they provide exquisite spatial and/or temporal resolution with the benefit of minimal perturbation of the system during observation. In this Minireview we showcase the power of modern infrared techniques when applied to biological and biomimetic systems. Examples will be presented on how conformational changes in peptides can be traced with femtosecond resolution and nanometer sensitivity by 2D IR spectroscopy, and how surface-enhanced infrared difference absorption spectroscopy can be used to monitor the effect of the membrane potential on a single proton-transfer step in an integral membrane protein. Vibrational spectra of monolayers of molecules at basically any interface can be recorded with sum-frequency generation, which is strictly surface-sensitive. Chemical images are recorded by applying scanning near-field infrared microscopy at lateral resolutions better than 50 nm.
Microstructural examination of V-(3-6%)Cr-(3-5%)Ti irradiated in the ATR-A1 experiment (1998)

Microstructural examination results are reported for four heats of V-(3-6%)Cr-(3-5%)Ti irradiated in the ATR-A1 experiment to {approximately}4 dpa at {approximately}200 and 300 C to provide an understanding of the microstructural evolution that may be associated with degradation of mechanical properties. Fine precipitates were observed in high density intermixed with small defect clusters for all conditions examined following the irradiation. The irradiation-induced precipitation does not appear to be affected by preirradiation heat treatment or composition.
250-W LD bar pump source with 10-GHz spectral width for rubidium vapor medium (2010)

The diode pumped alkali vapor lasers are significantly beneficent from the developing of a new generation of highpower laser diode sources. The latest achievements in the technology of photo-thermo-refractive volume Bragg gratings opened new opportunities for the design and fabrication of compact external cavity laser diodes and bars with reflecting volume Bragg gratings as output couplers. A new developed fiber coupled 250W source consists from 7 channels of independently stabilized commercially available LD bars with standard AR-coatings at output facets. Using a specially designed reflecting volume Bragg grating, we demonstrated spectral narrowing of a single LD bar spectrum by over two orders of magnitude down to 16-18 pm at 780 nm wavelength. The volume Bragg laser bar output power exceeded 88% of that for the free-running laser bar. The spectral position of each LD precise tuning is made by means of a special method of temperature stabilization of an output volume Bragg coupler. Overall spectral width for whole system was less than 20 pm (&lt;10 GHz). Optical pumping of a rubidium gain medium requires fine-tuning of pumping laser emission to precisely overlap with narrow Rb absorption band. The emission spectrum of the volume Bragg LD bar pumping source was tuned over a 300 pm spectral range without deteriorating the line-width. The absorption of the pump light by Rb atoms was measured in a rubidium vapor mixed with low pressure C2H6 buffer gas. More than 91% power of the pump source was absorbed by the low-pressure Rb vapor.
Solution Properties of Novel Polyelectrolytes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution Properties of Novel PolyelectrolytesD. Casson and A. RembaumCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 1, 75–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60025a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60025a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts