gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward-looking intracardiac ultrasound imaging using a 1-D CMUT array integrated with custom front-end electronics (2008)

Minimally invasive catheter-based electrophysiological (EP) interventions are becoming a standard procedure in diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. As a result of technological advances that enable small feature sizes and a high level of integration, nonfluoroscopic intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) imaging catheters are attracting increasing attention. ICE catheters improve EP procedural guidance while reducing the undesirable use of fluoroscopy, which is currently the common catheter guidance method. Phased-array ICE catheters have been in use for several years now, although only for side-looking imaging. We are developing a forward-looking ICE catheter for improved visualization. In this effort, we fabricate a 24-element, fine-pitch 1-D array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT), with a total footprint of 1.73 mm x 1.27 mm. We also design a custom integrated circuit (IC) composed of 24 identical blocks of transmit/ receive circuitry, measuring 2.1 mm x 2.1 mm. The transmit circuitry is capable of delivering 25-V unipolar pulses, and the receive circuitry includes a transimpedance preamplifier followed by an output buffer. The CMUT array and the custom IC are designed to be mounted at the tip of a 10-Fr catheter for high-frame-rate forward-looking intracardiac imaging. Through-wafer vias incorporated in the CMUT array provide access to individual array elements from the back side of the array. We successfully flip-chip bond a CMUT array to the custom IC with 100% yield. We coat the device with a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to electrically isolate the device for imaging in water and tissue. The pulse-echo in water from a total plane reflector has a center frequency of 9.2 MHz with a 96% fractional bandwidth. Finally, we demonstrate the imaging capability of the integrated device on commercial phantoms and on a beating ex vivo rabbit heart (Langendorff model) using a commercial ultrasound imaging system.
Effects of Serial Expansion of Septal Chondrocytes on Tissue‐Engineered Neocartilage Composition (2002)

The alterations of matrix composition produced by dedifferentiated chondrocytes may limit the mechanical stability of neocartilage constructs.
A differentially pumped electron-energy-loss spectrometer with multichannel detector for time-resolved studies at intermediate ambient pressures (1992)

The design, construction, and operation of a high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectrometer featuring a position-sensitive resistive anode detector and differential pumping are described. The position-sensitive detector provides a 66-fold increase in acquisition speed over a single-channel spectrometer. The differential pumping provides pressure isolation of 105 between the spectrometer elements, except the lenses, and the sample region. An optically isolated multicomputer-based control and data acquisition system provides complete spectrometer control and automated sample cleaning and characterization. The spectrometer, together with a differentially pumped supersonic molecular beamline, permits in situ measurements of the interaction of a wide range of gas molecules with solid surfaces.
Efficient search for approximate nearest neighbor in high dimensional spaces (1998)

We address the problem of designing data structures that allow efficient search for approximate nearest neighbors. More specifically, given a database consisting of a set of vectors in some high dimensional Euclidean space, we want to construct a space-efficient data struct,ure t,hat would allow us to search, given a query vector, for t.he closest or nearly closest vector in the database. We also address t.hii problem when distances are measured by the L1 norm, and in t.he Hamming cube. Sign%cant.ly improving and extending recent results of Kleinberg, we const,ruct data structures whose size is polynomial in the size of t,he database, and search algorithms t,hat run in time nearly linear or nearly quadratic in the dimension (depending on the case; the extra factors are polylogarit.hmic in the size of the database). 1 Introduction Motivation.
I'm a PC (Pyruvate Carboxylase)…and diabetes was not my idea! (2010)

NIH estimates that 23 million Americans have diabetes, and 6.2 million are undiagnosed. If untreated, diabetes can cause complications, including heart disease and neuropathy. Type two diabetes patients cannot regulate glucose due to insulin resistance or deficiency. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays an important role in insulin release from pancreatic β cells. Abnormal PC activity has been correlated with type two diabetes. PC is a dimer of dimers, each monomer a single chain with four domains: N‐terminal biotin carboxylase (BC), central carboxyltransferase (CT), C‐terminal biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and allosteric domains. PC catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA). The process begins when biotin is carboxylated at the BC active site. The BCCP domain transfers the carboxybiotin to an active site in the CT domain. OAA is formed at the CT domain by adding a carboxyl group to pyruvate. Researchers concluded that the BCCP domain swings between active sites on opposite chains, instead of sites on the same chain. The Brown Deer SMART Team (Students Modeling A Research Topic), in collaboration with MSOE, built a model of PC using 3D printing technology illustrating this movement of the BCCP domain. Current research is focused on increasing PC activity through controlling a binding site in the allosteric domain, which may increase insulin production. Supported by a grant from NIH‐NCRR‐SEPA.
A Graphical Approach for Human Skin Moisture Evaluation by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (2013)

A pair of concentrically placed gold electrodes is utilized in contact with human skin surface for moisture evaluation. The electrical impedance spectroscopy is measured within a frequency range of 100Hz to 5MHz. It is showed that, in case of relatively dried stratum corneum, reproducibility of measured impedances will decrease significantly in lower frequency range. The integrality of impedance frequency locus is correspondingly dependent on skin moist state. On the other hand, in case of relatively wetted stratum corneum, an integral locus can be obtained and Cole-Cole arc model can be applied for quantitative calculation. The integrality of the locus is introduced as a supplemental parameter. Experimental results with moistened filter paper as well as human skin indicate that, the skin moisture can be better represented both graphically and quantitatively.
Finding interesting associations without support pruning (2001)

Association-rule mining has heretofore relied on the condition of high support to do its work efficiently. In particular, the well-known a priori algorithm is only effective when the only rules of interest are relationships that occur very frequently. However, there are a number of applications, such as data mining, identification of similar Web documents, clustering, and collaborative filtering, where the rules of interest have comparatively few instances in the data. In these cases, we must look for highly correlated items, or possibly even causal relationships between infrequent items. We develop a family of algorithms for solving this problem, employing a combination of random sampling and hashing techniques. We provide analysis of the algorithms developed and conduct experiments on real and synthetic data to obtain a comparative performance analysis.
Organic light‐emitting device dark spot growth behavior analysis by diffusion reaction theory (2001)

Dark spot growth rate tracing experiments performed on an organic light-emitting device show that moisture entering into the device is relatively properly fitted by Fick's diffusion equation in the substrate/indium tin oxide (ITO)/hole transport layer (HTL)/silver (Ag) structure. It is believed that the moisture is dissolved into the polymer layer, which results in a decrease in the diffusion coefficient in the device with the substrate/ITO/HTL/electroluminescent (EL) polymer/Ag structure. The diffusion and chemical reaction occurring in the cathode layer further decreases the diffusion coefficient in the device with the substrate/ITO/HTL/EL polymer/calcium/Ag structure. Useful parameters, such as diffusion and solubility constants, describing possible mechanisms happening during dark spot growth on organic light-emitting diode devices are extracted. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1697–1703, 2001
Endothelin Receptor B Expression in the Rat and Rabbit Lung as Determined by In Situ Hybridization Using Nonisotopic Probes (1993)

Endothelins are a family of potent vasoactive peptides. Full-length cDNA clones to human endothelin receptor B (ETB) mRNA were random prime-labeled with nucleotides conjugated to digoxigenin for in situ hybridization. The labeled cDNA was used to probe frozen sections of rat and rabbit lung. Detection of the digoxigenin-labeled probe was accomplished by an antibody-enzyme conjugate, anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase. The location of the antibody-antigen complex was visualized as an enzyme-linked color reaction. The hybridization, washings, and detection steps were performed under stringent conditions. The following cell types of the rat and rabbit lung had abundant positive reaction product to the ETB probe: bronchiolar and bronchial epithelium, endothelium of smooth-muscle--walled vessels, and bronchial and bronchiolar-associated lymphoid tissue. Abundant positive reaction product was also observed in cell populations in the lung parenchyma. Additional studies are being performed to identify those populations. The results of this study suggest that in addition to vasoactivity, endothelins play other important roles in the lung.
Magnesium supplementation and deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertension: effect on arterial mechanical properties and on activity of endothelin-1 (2002)

The aim of this study was to show whether the decrease in blood pressure induced by Mg supplementation in deoxycorticosterone acetate - salt (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats is associated with mechanical modifications of blood vessels and (or) changes in tissular production and (or) vasoconstrictor activity to endothelin-1. DOCA-salt treatment increased blood pressure, media thickness, cross-sectional area, and lumen diameter of carotid arteries. Distensibility and incremental elastic modulus versus stress were not altered in carotid arteries, suggesting that the DOCA-salt vessel wall adapts structurally to preserve its blood pressure buffering capacity. Magnesium supplementation attenuated DOCA-salt hypertension. In comparison with normotensive rats, systolic, mean, and pulse pressures were higher whereas diastolic pressure was not different in Mg-supplemented DOCA-salt rats. Magnesium supplementation did not significantly modify the elastic parameters of carotid arteries. In resistance mesenteric arteries, DOCA-salt hypertension induces an inward hypertrophic remodeling. Magnesium supplementation attenuates wall hypertrophy and increases lumen diameter to the normotensive diameter, suggesting a decrease in peripheral resistance. Magnesium supplementation normalizes the altered vasoconstrictor activity of endothelin-1 in mesenteric arteries and attenuates endothelin-1 overproduction in kidney, left ventricle, and aorta of DOCA-salt rats. These findings suggest that Mg supplementation prevents blood pressure elevation by attenuating peripheral resistance and by decreasing hypertrophic effect of endothelin-1 via inhibition of endothelin-1 production.
Supplementary Table SII from Hyperthermia Selectively Targets Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Tumors via p53-Dependent Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell cycle distribution of control cultures and after the different treatments of HPV negative cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Interobserver variability in the assessment of aneurysm occlusion with the WEB aneurysm embolization system (2014)

The WOS allows a consistent means of reporting angiographic occlusion for aneurysms treated with the WEB device.
The Effect of Secondary Operations on Mortality Following Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the United States: 1988–2001 (2005)

Certain complications following open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) require additional operations or invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of secondary interventions on mortality rate following open repair of intact and ruptured AAAs in the United States. Clinical data on 98,193 patients treated from 1988 to 2001 with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) primary procedure code 38.44 (resection of the abdominal aorta with replacement) were analyzed. Demographic factors, types of secondary interventions, and in-hospital mortality rates were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (SPSS Version 11.0, Chicago, IL). The database utilized in this study was The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). The mortality rate was 4.5% in the intact AAA group and 45.5% in the ruptured AAA group. The rate of secondary operations and procedures was much higher in the ruptured AAA group, especially related to renal failure (5.52% vs 1.49%, p <0.001); respiratory failure (3.67% vs 0.71%, p <0.001); postoperative bleeding (2.41% vs 0.81%, p <0.001); or colonic ischemia (2.38% vs 0.36%, p <0.001). Increased mortality following open repair of intact AAAs accompanied: peripheral artery angioplasty/stenting (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.51; p = 0.018); coronary artery angioplasty/stenting (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.05-2.70; p = 0.031); inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 01.31-3.1; p = 0.001); vascular reconstruction or thromboembolectomy (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.9-2.22; p <0.001); lower extremity amputation (OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 2.78-6.0; p <0.001); coronary artery bypass (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 3.74-12.03; p <0.001); operations for postoperative bleeding (OR, 6.92; 95% CI, 5.71-8.4; p <0.001); initiation of hemodialysis (OR, 10.52; 95% CI, 9.22-12.01; p <0.001); tracheostomy (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 9.86-14.37; p <0.001); and colectomy (OR, 16.22; 95% CI, 12.55-20.95; p <0.001). Increased risk of mortality following open repair of ruptured AAAs accompanied the following: operations for postoperative bleeding (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.22-1.85; p <0.001); colectomy (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.32-2.01; p <0.001); and initiation of hemodialysis (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.30-3.08; p <0.001). The only independent variable in this group associated with decreased risk of in-hospital mortality was IVC filter placement (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27-0.64; p <0.001). This study confirms the perception that additional operations or invasive procedures following open repair of AAA entail significantly worse in-hospital mortality rates, especially when related to colonic ischemia, respiratory failure, and renal failure.
spt_dataset_manager: v1.0.0 (2016)

First stable release!
Phasic-Tonic Organization of Accommodation and Vergence (1988)

Stereoscopic depth discrimination is stimulated by binocular disparities that are computed from the two retinal images. This computation relies upon a stable correspondence or linkage between retinal regions, which when stimulated simultaneously, yield the perception of identical visual directions. The task of the oculomotor vergence system is to obtain and maintain a registration of homologous portions of the two retinal images with the retinotopic organization of binocular correspondence (horopter). To facilitate this task, the vergence system responds both voluntarily and reflexively to a variety of distance cues.KeywordsFiring RateCross CouplingVergence AngleAccommodative ResponseAnomalous MovementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Multi-level Encoding and Decoding in a Wavelength-Multiplexed Photonic Tensor Processor (2021)

Photonic processors have enabled applications in machine learning and neuromorphic computing. An information encoding/decoding scheme will be critical for scalable photonic computing. We experimentally demonstrate a "multi-level" encoding/decoding scheme and operation procedures.
Experimental Study on PCC Beams Strengthened With External Wrapping of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) (2021)

Abstract Infrastructure plays a vital role in development for recent times and humiliation of structural materials that is caused by some environmental effects has to be protected by strengthening of structures. One of the finest challenges in Civil Engineering is strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures. There are various rehabilitation technique such as external wrapping of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have been developed. At initial period, strengthening has been done externally using steel plates bonded to the tension side and it has numerous difficulties including durability, manipulation, and heavy weight. The main aim of the study is to investigate the flexural behavior of the PCC beam with respect to orientation of the wrapped basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). A sequence of 12 PCC beams with 500mm as its length, 100mm as its width and 100mm as its depth are cast with M25 grade concrete. All the 12 specimens are cured for a period of 28 days. Of the 12 PCC beams two beams are control specimens and a comparative study on the orientation of the fiber such as wrapped tension zone, shear zone, U shaped-1, U shaped-2, and fully wrapped are used on the specimen. The fiber is to be wrapped according to the orientation of the beam with epoxy resin. The experimental results shows that PCC beam that is wrapped as U shaped – 2 Shows higher Flexural strength compared to all other fabric orientations. BFRP Fully wrapped beam gives minimum Load carrying capacity when compare with other fabrics. U shaped – 2 orientation has higher load carrying capacity and economical as compared to fully wrapped and all other modes of orientations.
Palladium/Tris(tert-butyl)phosphine-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Couplings in the Presence of Water (2010)

Dipalladiumtris(dibenzylideneacetone)/tris(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate/potassium fluoride dihydrate [Pd2(dba)3/[HP(t-Bu)3]BF4/KF⋅2 H2O] serves as a mild, robust, and user-friendly method for the efficient Suzuki cross-coupling of a diverse array of aryl and heteroaryl halides with aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids.
A Fast Extrication Method for Sub-pixel Center of Structured Light Stripe (2005)

A method to detect the sub-pixel center of structured light stripe with Hessian matrix is proposed.Experiments show that the proposed method is characterized by high precision and robust.The disadvantages of this method are tremendous computation charge and limited real-time applicability.Combined the algorithm with the threshold method,a improved fast algorithm is presented.The improved algorithm drastically reduces the computation charge and implements high-accurate center extrication of structured light stripe with high speed.It advanced the structured light vision inspect to real-time applications.
Measurements of Magnetic Fluctuations in Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (2004)

Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in determining the evolution of magnetic topology in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. A central question concerns why the observed reconnection rates are much faster than predictions made by classical theories, such as the Sweet‐Parker model based on MHD with classical Spitzer resistivity. Often, the local resistivity is conjectured to be enhanced by micro‐instabilities to accelerate reconnection rates either in the context of the Sweet‐Parker model or by facilitating setup of the Pestchek model. Although it is commonly believed that there is plenty of free energy available at the reconnection region to destabilize some sort of micro‐instability, a clear identification of this instability and its exact role in reconnection has never been established experimentally. We report the first such experimental evidence of a clear and positive correlation between magnetic fluctuations in the lower‐hybrid frequency range and resistivity enhancement during fast reconnection in the low‐collisionality regimes in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). The waves have been identified as right‐hand polarized whistler waves, propagating obliquely to the reconnecting field, with a phase velocity comparable to the relative drift velocity. These waves are consistent with the modified two‐stream instability driven by large drift speeds compared to the Alfven speed in high‐beta plasmas. The short coherence length and large variation along the propagation direction indicate their strongly nonlinear nature.
Bioplastics from Waste Activated Sludge-Batch Process (2008)

Activated sludge from a full-scale pulp-paper industry wastewater treatment plant was used as a source of microorganisms to produce biodegradable plastics (polyhydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) at 25°C, pH 7 and at different initial sludge suspended solids (SS) concentration (5, 10, 15, and 20g∕L) in computer controlled fermentors. Acetate was used as sole carbon source at varying concentrations (5–20g∕L). The fresh sampled sewage sludge was found to contain PHA and the amount varied with the sampling date. The PHA productivity and concentration varied with intial sludge SS and acetate concentrations. Maximum accumulation of PHA (39.6%w∕w of dry sludge SS) was observed at 15g∕L SS and 10g∕L acetate concentration. The sludge biomass increased during the process, however, the net amount of the sludge residual solids after extraction of PHA was decreased to varying degrees depending on sludge SS and acetate concentration (5.5–36.9%w∕w). Acetate concentration above 10g∕L was found to be inhibitory for PHA accumulation and biomass growth. Copolymers (polyhydroxybutyrates and polyhydroxyvalerates) were produced by the sludge whose molar composition varied with the batch process time.
Interpolymer complex polyampholytic hydrogel of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC): synthesis and ion effect (2001)

Abstract Interpolymer complexes of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were synthesized by γ‐irradiation in acetic acid/water solution, using methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAM) as a crosslinker. FTIR and atomic force microscopy were used to determine their structures. The hydrogels swell in water, and their swelling behaviour is strongly affected by the ion strength of the solution, which indicates that a polyampholytic hydrogel is formed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry