gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-mineral intervention to counter pro-inflammatory activity and to improve the barrier in human colon organoids (2023)

<b>Introduction:</b> Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, and continuous inflammatory stimulus may lead to barrier dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess barrier proteomic expression by a red algae-derived multi-mineral intervention in the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory insult. <b>Methods:</b> Human colon organoids were maintained in a control culture medium alone or exposed to lipopolysaccharide with a combination of three pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ (LPS-cytokines)] to mimic the environment in the inflamed colon. Untreated organoids and those exposed to LPS-cytokines were concomitantly treated for 14 days with a multi-mineral product (Aquamin<sup>®</sup>) that has previously been shown to improve barrier structure/function. The colon organoids were subjected to proteomic analysis to obtain a broad view of the protein changes induced by the two interventions alone and in combination. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy, tissue cohesion and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to assess barrier structure/function. <b>Results:</b> The LPS-cytokine mix altered the expression of multiple proteins that influence innate immunity and promote inflammation. Several of these were significantly decreased with Aquamin<sup>®</sup> alone but only a modest decrease in a subset of these proteins was detected by Aquamin<sup>®</sup> in the presence of LPS-cytokines. Among these, a subset of inflammation-related proteins including fibrinogen-β and -γ chains (FGB and FGG), phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) and SPARC was significantly downregulated in the presence of Aquamin<sup>®</sup> (alone and in combination with LPS-cytokines); another subset of proteins with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anti-microbial activity was upregulated by Aquamin<sup>®</sup> treatment. When provided alone, Aquamin<sup>®</sup> strongly upregulated proteins that contribute to barrier formation and tissue strength. Concomitant treatment with LPS-cytokines did not inhibit barrier formation in response to Aquamin<sup>®</sup>. Confocal microscopy also displayed increased expression of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) and cadherin-17 (CDH17) with Aquamin<sup>®</sup>, either alone or in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus. Increased cohesion and TEER with Aquamin<sup>®</sup> (alone or in the presence of LPS-cytokines) indicates improved barrier function. <b>Conclusion:</b> Taken together, these findings suggest that multi-mineral intervention (Aquamin<sup>®</sup>) may provide a novel approach to combating inflammation in the colon by improving barrier structure/function as well as by directly altering the expression of certain pro-inflammatory proteins.
The Reactivity of Air-Stable Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Containing Diarylamine Antioxidants (2012)

We recently reported a preliminary account of our efforts to develop novel diarylamine radical-trapping antioxidants (Hanthorn et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2012, 134, 8306-8309), wherein we demonstrated that the incorporation of ring nitrogens into diphenylamines affords compounds that display a compromise between H-atom transfer reactivity to peroxyl radicals and stability to one-electron oxidation. Herein, we report the results of thermochemical and kinetic experiments on an expanded set of diarylamines (see the accompanying paper, DOI: 10.1021/jo301013c ), which provide a more complete picture of the structure-reactivity relationships of these compounds as antioxidants. Nitrogen incoporation into a series of alkyl-, alkoxyl-, and dialkylamino-substituted diphenylamines raises their oxidation potentials systematically with the number of nitrogen atoms, resulting in overall increases of 0.3-0.5 V on going from the diphenylamines to the dipyrimidylamines. At the same time, the effect of nitrogen incorporation on their reactivity toward peroxyl radicals was comparatively small (a decrease of only 6-fold at most), which is also reflected in their N-H bond dissociation enthalpies. Rate constants for reactions of dialkylamino-substituted diarylamines with peroxyl radicals were found to be >10(7) M(-1) s(-1), which correspond to the pre-exponential factors that we obtained for a representative trio of compounds (log A ∼ 7), indicating that the activation energies (E(a)) are negligible for these reactions. Comparison of our thermokinetic data for reactions of the diarylamines with peroxyl radicals with literature data for reactions of phenols with peroxyl radicals clearly reveals that diarylamines have higher inherent reactivities, which can be explained by a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism for these reactions, which is supported by theoretical calculations. A similar comparison of the reactivities of diarylamines and phenols with alkyl radicals, which must take place by a H-atom transfer mechanism, clearly reveals the importance of the polar effect in the reactions of the more acidic phenols, which makes phenols comparatively more reactive.
Targeting the Contact Pathway of Coagulation for the Prevention and Management of Medical Device-Associated Thrombosis (2023)

Hemorrhage remains a major complication of anticoagulants, with bleeding leading to serious and even life-threatening outcomes in rare settings. Currently available anticoagulants target either multiple coagulation factors or specifically coagulation factor (F) Xa or thrombin; however, inhibiting these pathways universally impairs hemostasis. Bleeding complications are especially salient in the medically complex population who benefit from medical devices. Extracorporeal devices-such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemodialysis, and cardiac bypass-require anticoagulation for optimal use. Nonetheless, bleeding complications are common, and with certain devices, highly morbid. Likewise, pharmacologic prophylaxis to prevent thrombosis is not commonly used with many medical devices like central venous catheters due to high rates of bleeding. The contact pathway members FXI, FXII, and prekallikrein serve as a nexus, connecting biomaterial surface-mediated thrombin generation and inflammation, and may represent safe, druggable targets to improve medical device hemocompatibility and thrombogenicity. Recent in vivo and clinical data suggest that selectively targeting the contact pathway of coagulation through the inhibition of FXI and FXII can reduce the incidence of medical device-associated thrombotic events, and potentially systemic inflammation, without impairing hemostasis. In the following review, we will outline the current in vivo and clinical data encompassing the mechanism of action of drugs targeting the contact pathway. This new class of inhibitors has the potential to herald a new era of effective and low-risk anticoagulation for the management of patients requiring the use of medical devices.
History of Animals using Isotope Records (HAIR): A 6-year dietary history of one family of African elephants (2009)

The dietary and movement history of individual animals can be studied using stable isotope records in animal tissues, providing insight into long-term ecological dynamics and a species niche. We provide a 6-year history of elephant diet by examining tail hair collected from 4 elephants in the same social family unit in northern Kenya. Sequential measurements of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen isotope rations in hair provide a weekly record of diet and water resources. Carbon isotope ratios were well correlated with satellite-based measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the region occupied by the elephants as recorded by the global positioning system (GPS) movement record; the absolute amount of C(4) grass consumption is well correlated with the maximum value of NDVI during individual wet seasons. Changes in hydrogen isotope ratios coincided very closely in time with seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and NDVI whereas diet shifts to relatively high proportions of grass lagged seasonal increases in NDVI by approximately 2 weeks. The peak probability of conception in the population occurred approximately 3 weeks after peak grazing. Spatial and temporal patterns of resource use show that the only period of pure browsing by the focal elephants was located in an over-grazed, communally managed region outside the protected area. The ability to extract time-specific longitudinal records on animal diets, and therefore the ecological history of an organism and its environment, provides an avenue for understanding the impact of climate dynamics and land-use change on animal foraging behavior and habitat relations.
P1–090: Observation of new senile plaque formation and associated neuritic abnormalities using multiphoton microscopy (2006)

Senile plaque formation and neuronal alterations are characteristic features in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We reported previously that amyloid plaques disrupt neuritic trajectories; however, it still remains unclear whether the changes in neuritic architecture precede plaque formation or if they are a later event in the pathogenesis. To address this question, we monitored young B6C3–YFP transgenic mice, which express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in a subset of neurons and develop plaques at the age of 5 months. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy, we studied plaque formation and measured disrupted trajectories of neuronal processes associated with senile plaques. Weekly imaging of the same neurons, dendrites and blood vessels revealed that newly formed plaques predominately develop close to, but not within blood vessels. Overall plaque size is remarkably stable once they have formed, even within the first few weeks after formation. Imaging on a daily basis further uncovered that plaques appear relatively suddenly, between one imaging session and the next, 24 hours later. After a plaque appears, progressive neuritic changes lead to increasingly curved, dysmorphic neurites over the next few days to weeks within the immediate vicinity of plaques. In addition, we also found a subtle increase in neuritic curvature even away from plaques (distance >100 μm) in APP/PS1–YFP mice when compared to YFP transgenic control mice. Our results suggest that plaque–related neuritic changes are a direct consequence of dense–cored plaque formation; subtle changes distant from plaques may imply long–range effects of plaques or may be a consequence of non–fibrillar forms of Aβ. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AG08487 and Alzheimer Association Pioneer Award EB00768.
Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Features of Gynecologic Abnormalities in Women Presenting With Acute or Chronic Abdominal Pain (2007)

Advances in technology and improved availability have led to increased use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate women presenting to the emergency department or to their primary care provider with abdominal and/or pelvic pain. Computed tomographic examinations are often performed to evaluate the presence of appendicitis or renal stone disease. However, gynecologic abnormalities are frequently identified on these examinations. Although ultrasound remains the primary modality by which complaints specific to the pelvis are evaluated, in many instances, CT and MRI imaging occurs before sonographic evaluation.Historically, because of cost, radiation exposure, and relative ease of use, ultrasound examinations have preceded all other imaging modalities when evaluating pelvic disorders. However, as CT and MRI technology have improved, their use in diagnosing causes of pelvic pain has become equal to that of ultrasound. In some cases, primarily because of historic comfort with sonographic evaluation, gynecologic abnormalities originally diagnosed on CT or MRI may be immediately and unnecessarily reevaluated by ultrasound. For a woman in her reproductive years, the most common adnexal masses are physiological cysts, endometriomas, and cystic teratomas. Although lesions are often asymptomatic and incidentally detected, they can present with pain, and they increase the risk of ovarian torsion. Common causes of chronic pelvic pain in this population include leiomyomata and adenomyosis. In postmenopausal women, ovarian carcinoma, which often does not present clinically until a late stage, has to be included in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses. If a gynecologic pathology is discovered on CT or MRI, an immediate follow-up ultrasound need not be pursued if the lesion can be characterized as benign, needing immediate surgical intervention, or a variant of normal anatomy. If, on the other hand, findings demonstrate a mass that either is uncharacteristic of a benign lesion, has an indeterminate risk for malignancy, or demonstrates suspicious characteristics for malignancy (such as enhancing mural nodules), further evaluation by serial ultrasound, biochemical marker, and/or CT or MRI is warranted. The purpose of this review is to present a series of commonly encountered gynecologic abnormalities with either CT or MR to make radiologists more familiar with gynecologic pathology on CT and MRI.
Single-Center Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of WCK 4282 (Cefepime-Tazobactam Combination) in Renal Impairment (2019)

WCK 4282 is a combination product of cefepime (FEP) and tazobactam (TAZ) in a 1:1 ratio currently under development for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. We investigated the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of WCK 4282 in 48 subjects with various degrees of renal function. Subjects were categorized on the basis of their Cockcroft-Gault equation-estimated creatinine clearance (CL<sub>CR</sub>). We enrolled 6 subjects each into those with mild (CL<sub>CR</sub>, 60 to <90 ml/min), moderate (CL<sub>CR</sub>, 30 to <60 ml/min), or severe (CL<sub>CR</sub>, <30 ml/min) renal impairment and those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis and 24 healthy control subjects (CL<sub>CR</sub>, ≥90 ml/min). Healthy subjects and subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment received a single 90-min infusion of 4 g of WCK 4282 (2 g FEP and 2 g TAZ). Subjects with severe renal impairment and ESRD received 2 g of WCK 4282 (1 g FEP and 1 g TAZ) over 90 min. The plasma exposure of FEP-TAZ increased as renal function decreased. In subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment and ESRD, the mean exposure (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity) of FEP and TAZ increased by 1.3- and 1.2-fold, 2.3- and 2.3-fold, 4.7- and 4.0-fold, and 8.5- and 11.6-fold, respectively. The urinary recovery of FEP and TAZ decreased with increasing renal impairment. There were no adverse events reported during the study. The findings suggest that dose adjustments for WCK 4282 will be required according to the degree of renal impairment. A single infusion of WCK 4282 was found to be safe and well tolerated in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02709382.).
New Frontiers in Quantum Optomechanics: from levitation to gravitation (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Aspelmeyer, "New Frontiers in Quantum Optomechanics: from levitation to gravitation," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper FF3D.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Asymmetric Error Correction and Flash-Memory Rewriting using Polar Codes (2014)

We propose efficient coding schemes for two communication settings: 1. asymmetric channels, and 2. channels with an informed encoder. These settings are important in non-volatile memories, as well as optical and broadcast communication. The schemes are based on non-linear polar codes, and they build on and improve recent work on these settings. In asymmetric channels, we tackle the exponential storage requirement of previously known schemes, that resulted from the use of large Boolean functions. We propose an improved scheme, that achieves the capacity of asymmetric channels with polynomial computational complexity and storage requirement. The proposed non-linear scheme is then generalized to the setting of channel coding with an informed encoder, using a multicoding technique. We consider specific instances of the scheme for flash memories, that incorporate error-correction capabilities together with rewriting. Since the considered codes are non-linear, they eliminate the requirement of previously known schemes (called polar write-once-memory codes) for shared randomness between the encoder and the decoder. Finally, we mention that the multicoding scheme is also useful for broadcast communication in Marton's region, improving upon previous schemes for this setting.
Use of High Pressure Water Jets to Wash Out Explosives (1983)

Procedures are described for testing the sensitivity of plasticbonded explosive to water jet impact. The ultimate objective is to develop a safe procedure for cleaning missiles and shell casings of the contained explosive. As an initial stage in the process, the sensitivity of the explosive to impact was studied. Eleven explosive types were subjected to interrupted water jet impact at a pump pressure of 175 MPa. Flow rates of 20 and 80 ltmin were used in this program. The results were evaluated and a second phase of the program to determine the actual pressure required for washout was carried out. Conclusions of the study were that the explosive could be washed-out by water jets with, normally, a sufficient margin of safety that impact initiation would be unlikely. INTRODUCTION In 1982 the Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center of the University of Missouri-Rolla undertook a program of research for the Naval Weapons Support Center in Crane, Indiana. The purpose of the resea...
Methods, Processes and Comparative Yield Economics for the Production of Antibodies and Recombinant Proteins (2011)

Antibodies for therapy and diagnostics make up one of the fastest growing segments of the biopharmaceutical market. This review provides an overview of methods and processes for the selection and production of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins, including monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. This overview also includes a comparative economic summary of current and some potential expression systems for manufacture of these highly functional recombinant proteins and antibodies, and explores the future direction of the antibody industry.
A UK nationwide study of people with type 1 diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection (2021)

In people with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital in the UK, higher BMI, poorer renal function and presence of microvascular complications were associated with greater risk of death and/or admission to AICU. Risk of severe COVID-19 is reassuringly very low in people with type 1 diabetes who are under 55 years of age without microvascular or macrovascular disease. IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES AND COVID-19 ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL IN THE UK, BMI AND ONE OR MORE MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS HAD A POSITIVE ASSOCIATION AND LOW SERUM CREATINE LEVELS HAD A NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION WITH DEATH/ADMISSION TO INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR AGE.
Turning Bayesian model averaging into Bayesian model combination (2011)

Bayesian methods are theoretically optimal in many situations. Bayesian model averaging is generally considered the standard model for creating ensembles of learners using Bayesian methods, but this technique is often out-performed by more ad hoc methods in empirical studies. The reason for this failure has important theoretical implications for our understanding of why ensembles work. It has been proposed that Bayesian model averaging struggles in practice because it accounts for uncertainty about which model is correct but still operates under the assumption that only one of them is. In order to more effectively access the benefits inherent in ensembles, Bayesian strategies should therefore be directed more towards model combination rather than the model selection implicit in Bayesian model averaging. This work provides empirical verification for this hypothesis using several different Bayesian model combination approaches tested on a wide variety of classification problems. We show that even the most simplistic of Bayesian model combination strategies outperforms the traditional ad hoc techniques of bagging and boosting, as well as outperforming BMA over a wide variety of cases. This suggests that the power of ensembles does not come from their ability to account for model uncertainty, but instead comes from the changes in representational and preferential bias inherent in the process of combining several different models.
Sonochemical synthesis of WS2 nanosheets and its application in sonocatalytic removal of organic dyes from water solution (2018)

In this research, tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets as sonocatalyst were synthesized through a sonochemical route. Characterization of as-synthesized sonocatalyst was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Dot-mapping, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) analysis. WS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were evaluated for their sonocatalytic performance in order to remove basic violet 10 (BV10) under ultrasonic irradiation. The removal efficiency was maximized (94.01%) via the use of 1 g L<sup>-1</sup> catalyst and 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> BV10 at pH = 4.5 and an ultrasonic power of 400 W within a reaction time of 150 min. In addition to BV10, the sonocatalytic elimination for a number of organic dyes viz. direct blue 71, acid blue 92, methylene blue, basic orange 2 and basic red 46 was examined to demonstrate the performance of WS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets under the ultrasonic irradiation. The experimentation of trapping was conducted using edetate disodium (EDTA-2Na), tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH), and benzoquinone (BQ). According to the results, all radicals participated in the sonocatalytic activity. OH played a more prominent role than h<sup>+</sup> and O<sub>2</sub><sup>-∙</sup> in the process of BV10 separation. Following five repetitive runs, the nanocomposites revealed a reusability of circa 18% drop in the elimination efficiency. The main removal intermediates were recognized by GC-MS technique.
An Attribute-Specific Ranking Method Based on Language Models for Keyword Search over Graphs (2018)

Many real-world networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Wikipedia exhibit rich connectivity patterns along with worthwhile content nodes often labeled with meaningful attributes. Keyword search is an effective method to retrieve information from such useful networks. The aim of keyword search is to find a set of answers (subgraphs) covering all or part of the queried keywords. A challenge in keyword search systems is to rank answers according to their relevance to the query. This relevance lies in the textual content and structural compactness of the answers. In this paper, an attribute-specific ranking method is proposed based on language models to rank candidate answers according to their semantic information up to the attribute level. This method scores answers using a model enriched with attribute-specific preferences and integrating both the structure and content of answers. The proposed model is directly estimated on the sub-graphs (answers) and is defined such that it can preserve the local importance of keywords in nodes. Extensive experiments conducted on a standard evaluation framework with three real-world datasets illustrate the superior effectiveness of the proposed ranking method to that of the state-of-the-art methods.