gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of Scoliosis Correction by Segmental Spinal Instrumentation (1982)

The mechanical effectiveness of applying transverse forces by segmental spinal instrumentation to correct scoliosis is examined in this paper. Comparisons with traditional Harrington instrumentation are made on the basis of each method's potential to produce corrective bending moments and their ability to transfer this correction to the spine. Recognizing the scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity, biomechanical evaluations are performed in each of the three anatomic planes, with special attention paid to maintaining normal sagittal plane contour and transverse plane derotation. Such an analysis indicates that segmental spinal instrumentation has a clear mechanical advantage over traditional Harrington instrumentation in providing and maintaining correction. Proposed improvements include the development of instrumentation which can be segmentally attached to the vertebra without invading the spinal canal.
Molecular Size of the Functional Complex and Protein Subunits of the Renal Phosphate Symporter (1994)

The oligomeric structure of the rabbit renal brush-border membrane sodium/phosphate cotransporter was examined with the radiation inactivation and fragmentation technique. The size of its functional complex (its "radiation inactivation size") was estimated from the rate of decay of its sodium-dependent transport activity as a function of the radiation dose. A radiation inactivation size of 223 +/- 42 kDa was obtained. The polypeptide constituting the monomeric unit of the Na1+/Pi symporter was detected by immunoblotting with polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies directed against the 14 amino acid C-terminal portion of the symporter molecule. Its apparent molecular size estimated by comparison with standards following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 64,000. This value is in good agreement with its known molecular mass of 51,797 Da calculated from the amino acid sequence deducted from the nucleotide sequence of its gene since this protein is probably glycosylated. The loss of labeling intensity of the polypeptide of M(r) = 64,000 was also measured as a function of radiation dose. The molecular size calculated from these data (its "target size") was 165 +/- 20 kDa. The target size estimated for the rat phosphate cotransporter was 184 +/- 46 kDa, and its previously reported radiation inactivation size was 234 +/- 14 kDa. These results strongly suggest that the renal Na1+/Pi cotransporter exists as an oligomeric protein, probably a homotetramer. The fact that the values obtained for the target size are about 3/4 those obtained for the radiation inactivation size of these cotransport proteins indicates that their subunits are closely associated since most of their subunits appear to be fragmented by a single ionizing radiation hit.
Erratum: Synchrotron oscillation effects on an rf-solenoid spin resonance [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams15, 124202 (2012)] (2013)

Received 8 February 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.049901This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical Society
Extracts of Ulva lactuca Induce Responses against Penicillium digitatum on Oranges (2023)

Penicillium digitatum causes severe damage to postharvest and stored citrus fruits, making it necessary to seek acceptable solutions limiting environmental and sanitary impacts. The seaweed liquid extracts (SLEs) obtained from the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca have previously shown anti-fungal activities towards postharvest green mold due to P. digitatum. Moreover, treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts had an influence on disease incidence and lesion severity on wounded oranges “Valentia late”. Therefore, we studied the abilities of the U. lactuca extracts and chlorophyll a (as a standard) to activate defense mechanisms in oranges. The analyses showed modifications in the protein concentrations and activities of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase in orange tissues, with a maximum activity level reached at 72 h after treatments. It appears that the SLEs were able to fight P. digitatum infections in the absence of direct contact with the pathogen, reflecting that the induction of host resistance is also a probable mode of action. Ulva lactuca fractions are rich in chlorophyll a, polyphenols, organic acids and ulvans, which might be the key molecules involved in the defense mechanism of oranges’ albedo. The use of these natural substances could be an alternative way to control postharvest citrus rot.
DISCRIMINATION METHOD FOR GAMMA RAY DOSES IN NEUTRON FIELDS USING AN IONIZATION CHAMBER WITH ATTENUATION FILTERS (2019)

Neutron fields produced by an accelerator-driven neutron source are generally mixed radiation fields that consist of fast neutrons and gamma rays. To estimate the biological effects of fast neutrons precisely, the gamma ray dose contamination must be evaluated in neutron fields. In this work, we developed a discrimination technique for absorbed doses (60Co gamma-ray equivalent) of fast neutrons and gamma rays using an ionization chamber. The filter thickness dependences of the absorbed doses of fast neutrons and gamma rays are different for a given filter material. Thus, the absorbed doses of each type of radiation were distinguished by fitting the dose attenuation curve, which was measured with an ionization chamber and attenuation filters, with a two-component exponential function. The absorbed dose of fast neutrons and gamma rays with no attenuation filter was evaluated from the y-intercept of the fitting function. This technique was demonstrated in two neutron fields produced by 4 MeV proton and deuteron bombardment of a 9Be target. The thicknesses of the polyethylene attenuation filters were 0-350 mm. The dose attenuation coefficients of fast neutrons obtained by the two-component exponential fitting function for the 9Be(p,n)9 and 9Be(d,n) reactions showed differences of 1.5 and 1.7%, respectively, from the reference measurements using a CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. The absorbed dose contributions of gamma rays in neutrons fields of the 9Be(p,n)9B and 9Be(d,n) reactions were evaluated as 30.2 ± 3.24% and 20.4 ± 5.16%, respectively, without polyethylene filters.
Power Performance Testing and Uncertainty Analysis for a 3MW Wind Turbine (2010)

The installed capacity of wind turbines in KOREA are growing and enlarging by the central government's support program. Thus, the importance of power performance verification and its uncertainty analysis are recognizing rapidly. This paper described the power testing results of a 3MW wind turbine and analysed an uncertainty level of measurements. The measured power curves are very closely coincide with the calculated one and the annual power production under the given Rayleigh wind speed distribution are estimated with the 3.6~12.7% of uncertainty but, in the dominant wind speed region as 7~8m/s, the uncertainty are stably decreased to 6.3~5.3%.
Family Shuffling with Single-Stranded DNA (2003)

Family shuffling, which generates chimeric progeny genes by recombining a set of naturally occurring homologous genes, is an extremely powerful approach for in vitro protein evolution. In comparison with other in vitro protein evolution methods, family shuffling has the advantage of sampling a larger portion of the sequence space that has been proven functionally rich by nature. So far, the most widely used technique to carry out family shuffling is DNA shuffling (1–5). However, one significant drawback associated with this method is the low frequency of chimeric genes (recombined gene products) in the shuffled library (6), which may be largely owing to the annealing of DNA fragments derived from the same parental genes (homo-duplex formation) whose probability is much higher than that of hetero-duplex formation. This is true even when the sequence homologies among parental genes are higher than 80% (7).
On applying coordinated atomic actions and dependable software architectures for developing complex systems (2002)

Modern concurrent and distributed applications are becoming increasingly complex; so, in order to provide fault tolerance, special structuring mechanisms are required to help reduce this complexity. Unfortunately, such structuring techniques are mostly introduced as design and implementation features, which complicates their employment. The approach we propose relies on introducing the appropriate software structuring together with associated fault tolerance measures at the earlier phases of software development and on supporting it with special software architectures and design patterns.
Inflammatory Markers in Age-Related Maculopathy (2005)

After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, we found no statistically significant association between fibrogen, CRP, and ARM. Therefore, our results do not indicate a role of systemic inflammation in ARM beyond what is already present owing to concurrent cardiovascular disease.
NeotyphodiumResearch and Application in New Zealand (2005)

This chapter contains section titled: Arl is Now the Benchmark in New Zealand Tall Fescue Endophyten in New Zealand Further Research with Ryegrass Seed Inventory and Quality Control Endophyte Genetic Research Native Grasses Control of Vertebrate Pests Current Priorities References
ChemInform Abstract: 5,6,11,12‐TETRAHYDRO‐DIBENZO(C,G)(1,2)DIAZOCIN‐DERIVATE (1975)

Abstract Die Reduktion von o,o′‐Dinitro‐dibenzyl (I) mit Zn in Ba‐hydrat an der Luft bzw. unter Stickstoff ergibt ein Gemisch der Diazocine (II) und (III) bzw. ausschließlich (III).
Three-dimensional camera motion estimation and foreground/background separation for stereoscopic image sequences (1997)

This work examines the problem of foreground/background extraction when stereoscopic image information is available. A two-stage algorithm is proposed, followed by postprocessing for the estimation of the global motion in the scene and the identification of moving objects. At the first stage, an estimate of the 2-D global motion in the scene is formed which then serves as an initial estimate for the algorithm for a robust 3-D global motion estimate. The 3-D global motion estimation procedure is interleaved with a procedure for removal of the outlier vec- tors from the initial set of training vectors. Postprocessing of the foreground/background map produced results in an improved motion de- tection mask, which may then be used for 3-D motion compensation. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Dissecting the Effect of RNA Aptamer Binding on the Dynamics of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (2013)

RNA aptamers, selected from large synthetic libraries, are attracting increasing interest as protein ligands, with potential uses as prototype pharmaceuticals, conformational probes, and reagents for specific quantification of protein levels in biological samples. Very little is known, however, about their effects on protein conformation and dynamics. We have employed hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry to study the effect of RNA aptamers on the structural flexibility of the serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The aptamers have characteristic effects on the biochemical properties of PAI-1. In particular, they are potent inhibitors of the structural transition of PAI-1 from the active state to the inactive, so-called latent state. This transition is one of the largest conformational changes of a folded protein domain without covalent modification. Binding of the aptamers to PAI-1 is associated with substantial and widespread protection against deuterium uptake in PAI-1. The aptamers induce protection against exchange with the solvent both in the protein-aptamer interface as well as in other specific areas. Interestingly, the aptamers induce substantial protection against exchange in α-helices B, C and I. This observation substantiates the relevance of structural instability in this region for transition to the latent state and argues for involvement of flexibility in regions not commonly associated with regulation of latency transition in serpins.
Oxazolidinones as Anti-tubercular Agents: Discovery, Development and Future Perspectives (2015)

TB drug development pipeline represents varied structural classes of molecules. Oxazolidinones represent synthetic anti-bacterial agents with unique mechanism of action having wide spectrum of activity, oral bioavailability and well established SAR. They act by inhibiting translation at the initiation phase of protein synthesis. Linezolid was the first oxazolidinone to reach the market in the year 2000 for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal and vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. Oxazolidinones have shown very good anti-mycobacterial activities. Several oxazolidinones are currently in development for their possible use in TB therapy. Oxazolidinones are classified on the basis of C-ring modifications. DuP-721 was the first oxazolidinone having good anti-TB activity. Linezolid, sutezolid and AZD5847 are in clinical development. Several other C-ring modifications have shown promising results. The usefulness of these oxazolidinones in the drug resistant TB is already established. Toxicity, especially myelosuppression, has been an important limiting factor for their development.
XPS and SIMS study of the surface and interface of aged C+ implanted uranium (2016)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling were used to investigate the surface and interfacial chemistry of C+ ion implanted polycrystalline uranium subsequently oxidized in air for over 10 years at ambient temperature. The original implantation of 33 keV C+ ions into U238 with a dose of 4.3 × 1017 cm−3 produced a physically and chemically modified surface layer that was characterized and shown to initially prevent air oxidation and corrosion of the uranium after 1 year in air at ambient temperature. The aging of the surface and interfacial layers were examined by using the chemical shift of the U 4f, C 1s, and O 1s photoelectron lines. In addition, valence band spectra were used to explore the electronic structure of the aged carbide surface and interface layer. Furthermore, the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling results for the aged sample confirmed an oxidized uranium carbide layer over the carbide layer/U metal interface.
Multiple-gene rotavirus reassortants responsible for an outbreak of gastroenteritis in central and northern Australia (1996)

Two rotavirus strains, E210 and E212, implicated in epidemics of gastroenteritis in children in central and northern Australia during 1993-1994, exhibited the unusual combination of a 'short' RNA electrophoretic pattern and subgroup II specificity. The outer capsid protein VP7 was found by PCR typing and sequence analysis to be related to that of serotype G2 viruses. Both strains displayed a novel pattern of reactivity to G2-specific monoclonal antibodies that correlated with sequence variation in the antigenic regions of VP7. The VP4 serotype of E210 and E212 was determined as P1B in an enzyme immunoassay, consistent with other G2 viruses. Analysis of the VP6 gene indicated significant identity (98-99%) with other human subgroup II viruses. Northern hybridization analysis of E210 RNA using total genome probes derived from the prototype strains RV4 and RV5 indicated that E210 was derived from multiple gene reassortment between rotaviruses belonging to different genetic types.
Dissipation effects in spin-Hall transport of electrons and holes (2004)

We investigate the spin-Hall effect of both electrons and holes in semiconductors using the Kubo formula in the correct zero-frequency limit taking into account the finite momentum relaxation time of carriers in real semiconductors. This approach allows us to analyze the range of validity of recent theoretical findings. In particular, the spin-Hall conductivity vanishes for vanishing spin-orbit coupling if the correct zero-frequency limit is performed.
Spectrum-sliced bidirectional passive optical networkfor simultaneous transmission of WDM and digital broadcast video signals (2001)

A bidirectional WDM passive optical network based on the spectrum-slicing technique for both broadband switched services and digital broadcast video services is demonstrated. This network is capable of providing a 155 Mbit/s baseband signal and 30 digital video signals to each subscriber. The upstream channels also operate at 155 Mbit/s.
Inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH5) from Polygala flavescens subsp. flavescens (2017)

The human isoform 5 of lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH5) is an enzyme up-regulated in tumor tissues since cancer cells depend mainly on anaerobic respiration and their glycolytic rate is up to 200 times higher than that of the normal tissue. hLDH5 inhibition should cause cancer cell death by starvation, without interfering with healthy cells that normally use oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Inhibition of LDH is so considered as a promising target in cancer treatment, since it is possible to cause a starving of cancerous cells by reducing glycolysis or by inhibiting the conversion of glucose to lactate. In the course of our research program on the hLDH5 inhibitory activity of natural products [1], a chemical study of P. flavescens subsp. flavescens was carried out. Polygala L. genus (Polygalaceae) is well known to contain phenolic oligosaccharides, xanthones, lignans, and triterpenic saponins and it’s largely used in the traditional medicine [2]. Ten new compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH residue of the aerial parts through Sephadex and RP-HPLC separations, including four flavonol glycosides, two oligosaccharides, one α-ionone, and three triterpenoidic saponins, together with two known oligosaccharides and two flavonol glycosides. All structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The isolates were assayed for their inhibitory activity against hLDH5 and 3,6'-di-O-sinapoylsucrose showed an IC50 value of 90.4 μM. Modeling studies were carried out to suggest the putative interaction mode of this compound in the enzyme active site. This analysis highlighted that 3,6'-di-O-sinapoylsucrose shows a high number of H-bonds and interacts with enzyme regions rarely explored by the known hLDH5 inhibitors.
Design, Characterization, and Dynamic Modeling of BEAST: a Bistable Elastomeric Actuator for Swift Tasks (2022)

Recent work in fluid-driven soft robots has demonstrated the potential to achieve high power-to-weight ratios, low fabrication costs, and improved safety, making them well suited for interactive tasks. However, the low speed of pneumatic actuation prevents use of these robots in more dynamic tasks. This paper aims to design, characterize, and model a bistable elastomeric actuator for swift tasks (BEAST). This actuator enables both fast actuation and mechanical compliance, and is designed by integrating silicone and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a bendy straw structure. The BEAST contains three states - compressed, natural, and stretched states. Two operation modes - compressed and stretched modes, are defined to model the continuous elongation dynamics before and after the quickly switching around the natural state. A set of design rules and a novel fabrication method are presented to develop the BEAST. The actuator characterization shows that the maximum extension ratio, snapping speed, and output force of the BEAST to be 0.58, 1.5m/s, and 48N, respectively. A hybrid linear parameter varying (HLPV) model is developed to describe the pressure-dependent dynamics of the actuator. The actuators are evaluated in an object sorting task where both fast and gentle behaviors are demonstrated.
Progress in scale-up of RE BCO STAR™ wire for canted cosine theta coils and future strategies with enhanced flexibility (2020)

Abstract We report recent developments in the scale-up of symmetric RE -Ba-Cu-O ( RE BCO) tapes with 15–22 μ m thick substrates. Using these symmetric RE BCO tapes, we fabricated up to 10 m long, symmetric tape round (STAR™) RE BCO wires, less than 2 mm diameter, using 1.02 mm and 0.81 mm diameter copper formers. The critical current of the long STAR™ wires made in lengths of 2–10 m ranges from 465 A to 564 A at 77 K, self-field. This wire was then used to construct a single-layer, full-depth groove, three-turn canted cosine theta (CCT) coil with a minimum bend radius of 15 mm. This three-turn CCT coil retains 95% of its I c even when wound at a such a small bend radius. This result confirms the capability of fabricating CCT coils with STAR™ wire at a tilt angle of 30º which would yield a dipole transfer function of 0.48 T kA −1 at a 15 mm bend radius. Further, the architecture of STAR™ wire was modified for an I c retention of &gt;90% at an even smaller bend radius of 10 mm with the aim of increasing the dipole transfer function. The higher dipole transfer function enabled by STAR™ wire is an important step toward the eventual goal of a 5 T maximum dipole field in a RE BCO-based CCT coil. At a bend radius of 10 mm, a six-layer STAR ™ wire exhibits a critical current of 288 A at 77 K, self-field, i.e. 94% I c retention and 617 A at 4.2 K in a 15 T background field, which equals a J e of 412.7 A mm −2 at a Lorentz force of 9.3 kN m −1 . This level of flexibility and the high performance of STAR ™ wire in high fields at 4.2 K and with a small bend radius underscores its potential use in compact and low-cost high-field magnet and related applications.