gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary procyanidins enhance transcriptional activity of bile acid‐activated FXR in vitro and reduce triglyceridemia in vivo in a FXR‐dependent manner (2009)

Consumption of dietary flavonoids has been associated with reduced mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease, partially by reducing triglyceridemia. We have previously reported that a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) reduces postprandial triglyceridemia in normolipidemic animals signaling through the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) a target of the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Our aim was to elucidate whether FXR mediates the hypotriglyceridemic effect of procyanidins. In FXR-driven luciferase expression assays GSPE dose-dependently enhanced FXR activity in the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid. GSPE gavage reduced triglyceridemia in wild type mice but not in FXR-null mice, revealing FXR as an essential mediator of the hypotriglyceridemic actions of procyanidins in vivo. In the liver, GSPE downregulated, in an FXR-dependent manner, the expression of the transcription factor steroid response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and several SREBP1 target genes involved in lipogenesis, and upregulated ApoA5 expression. Altogether, our results indicate that procyanidins lower triglyceridemia following the same pathway as bile acids: activation of FXR, transient upregulation of SHP expression and subsequent downregulation of SREBP1 expression. This study adds dietary procyanidins to the arsenal of FXR ligands with potential therapeutic use to combat hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: Hypes and Hopes 6th International Translational Cancer Research Conference (2016)

Cancer is primarily an "old-age" disease that has an "age-old" history. The overall incidence of cancer is much higher in Western countries, but is rapidly growing in Eastern countries perhaps due to change in life-style. Almost three million studies published to date indicate that cancer is a hyperproliferative disorder that arises from dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways. The cancer genome landscape indicates that approximately 140 genes and 12 cell signaling pathways drive almost all cancers. "Targeted therapy," a buzz word in cancer treatment for the past two decades, has provided antibodies, as well as small-molecule inhibitors. These therapies have been successful only in few instances. However, in most cases, minor increase in overall survival has been reported at the cost of huge expense. An alternative strategy is to prevent cancer or to diagnose and treat the disease at an early stage to gain survival benefits. Such interventions are also cost-effective. To address some of these issues, the 6th International Translational Cancer Research Conference was held during February 4-7th, 2016, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; the homeland of Mahatma Gandhi. This conference was focused on utilizing multidisciplinary approaches for prevention and early treatment that would likely simultaneously or sequentially target many key pathways. Several distinguished speakers were invited from around the world. This article highlights primary features of this conference.
Lattice Parameter Variation and Thermodynamics of Dihydride Formation in the Vanadium-Rich V—Ti—Fe/H2 System* (1985)

Article Lattice Parameter Variation and Thermodynamics of Dihydride Formation in the Vanadium-Rich V—Ti—Fe/H2 System* was published on January 1, 1985 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 145, issue 1-2).
Cooperative Internet Computing: Proceedings of the 4th International Converence (Cic 2006), Hong Kong, China, 25 - 27 October 2006 (2008)

The evolution and popularity of the Internet and computing GRID has brought the cooperative computing research discipline to the Internet, for which we coined the term Cooperative Internet Computing (CIC). This conference brings together new and different approaches to CIC. The book contains the revised version of the 12 best papers presented at the conference, listed under four categories: theories and protocols of CIC, technologies and architecture of CIC, collaborative information retrieval, and CIC applications. This collection serves as a useful resource for those interested in the research and study of CIC.
An Enhanced Gate-Grounded NMOSFET for Robust ESD Applications (2019)

Gate-grounded n-channel MOSFET (GGNMOS) has been widely used in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection applications. In this letter, an enhanced GGNMOS, called the EGGNMOS, is proposed and demonstrated. The new device has the same topology as the conventional GGNMOS, except that a few P+ regions are being added to the N+ guard ring (NGR). This novel approach enables the formation of parasitic silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR’s), thus, resulting in a much higher current handling capability in the EGGNMOS than the GGNMOS under the same silicon footprint. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed EGGNMOS, with an ESD design window suitable for 5V-CMOS technologies, could achieve an ESD failure current density eight time higher that the GGNMOS. Moreover, the transient overshoot characteristic of EGGNMOS is comparable with that of the GGNMOS. Three-dimensional TCAD simulation has also been carried out to verify that the NGR isolation functionality of EGGNMOS is not being comprised.
Interstitial tissue pressure associated with dental injections: a clinical study. (2006)

Interstitial resistance to fluid pressure can be measured during administration of 4 different local anesthetic injections used in dentistry. Based on fluid pressure and tissue resistance characteristics, a soft tissue density classification was defined.
RNA sequencing identifies transcriptional changes in the rabbit larynx in response to low humidity challenge (2020)

Abstract Background: Voice disorders are a worldwide problem impacting human health, particularly for occupational voice users. Avoidance of surface dehydration is commonly prescribed as a protective factor against the development of dysphonia. The available literature inconclusively supports this practice and a biological mechanism for how surface dehydration of the laryngeal tissue affects voice has not been described. In this study, we used an in vivo male New Zealand white rabbit model to elucidate biological changes based on gene expression within the vocal folds from surface dehydration. Surface dehydration was induced by exposure to low humidity air (18.6% + 4.3%) for 8 hours. Exposure to moderate humidity (43.0% + 4.3%) served as the control condition. Ilumina-based RNA sequencing was performed and used for transcriptome analysis with validation by RT-qPCR. Results: There were 103 statistically significant differentially expressed genes identified through Cuffdiff with 61 genes meeting significance by both false discovery rate and fold change. Functional annotation enrichment and predicted protein interaction mapping showed enrichment of various loci, including cellular stress and inflammatory response, ciliary function, and keratinocyte development. Eight genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 ( MMP12 ) and macrophage cationic peptide 1 ( MCP1 ) were significantly upregulated and an epithelial chloride channel protein ( ECCP) was significantly downregulated after surface dehydration by RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. Suprabasin ( SPBN ) and zinc activated cationic channel ( ZACN ) were marginally, but non-significantly down- and upregulated as evidenced by RT-qPCR, respectively. Conclusions: The data together support the notion that surface dehydration induces physiological changes in the vocal folds and justifies targeted analysis to further explore the underlying biology of compensatory fluid/ion flux and inflammatory mediators in response to airway surface dehydration.
Synergy between the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal clonidine and systemic morphine in the rat (1988)

These experiments tested the hypothesis that intrathecal alpha 2-adrenergic antinociception could be potentiated by the concurrent administration of systemic morphine. Thirty-four male rats, implanted with chronic indwelling intrathecal catheters, received a subcutaneous injection of either morphine sulfate or an equal volume of saline, followed by an intrathecal injection of clonidine HCl or an equal volume of vehicle. Antinociception was assessed using the tail-flick test. Tail-flick latencies following subcutaneous morphine plus intrathecal vehicle, or subcutaneous saline plus intrathecal clonidine were not significantly different from baseline. However, the combination of subcutaneous morphine plus intrathecal clonidine produced a significant antinociceptive effect. Such potentiation may prove to be a useful clinical strategy to help maximize analgesia, minimize side effects and attenuate the development of tolerance.
Epidemiology of tendon and ligament injuries in Aotearoa/New Zealand between 2010 and 2016 (2020)

Health and economic burdens of tendon and ligament injuries in Aotearoa/New Zealand are rising. The high healthcare costs underscore the urgent need for multifaceted interventions to reduce the incidence and improve clinical outcomes of tendon and ligament injuries.
Charge modulated reflectance topography for probing in-plane carrier distribution in pentacene field-effect transistors (2010)

By using charge modulated reflectance (CMR) topography, we showed that the in-plane carrier distribution in pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs) can be directly probed under the device operation. Further, we showed that the observed CMR signal is attributed to a decrease in the electron population in pentacene highest occupied molecular orbital level, caused by hole injection. The signal profile along the FET channel strongly depends on the bias conditions. The carrier density decreases monotonously along the channel from the source to the drain in the saturated region; this decrease is interpreted by a simple model based on interfacial accumulated charge transportation.
Aryl and heteroaryl N-[4-[4-(2,3-substituted-phenyl)piperazine-1-yl]alkyl]carbamates with improved physico-chemical properties as dual modulators of dopamine D3 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase (2016)

Improving the physico-chemical profile of a MTDL series.
Shigella-mediated immunosuppression in the human gut: subversion extends from innate to adaptive immune responses (2019)

The enteropathogen, <i>Shigella</i>, is highly virulent and remarkably adjusted to the intestinal environment of its almost exclusive human host. Key for <i>Shigella</i> pathogenicity is the injection of virulence effectors into the host cell <i>via</i> its type three secretion system (T3SS), initiating disease onset and progression by the vast diversity of the secreted T3SS effectors and their respective cellular targets. The multifaceted modulation of host signaling pathways exerted by <i>Shigella</i> T3SS effectors, which include the subversion of host innate immune defenses and the promotion of intracellular bacterial survival and dissemination, have been extensively reviewed in the recent past. This review focuses on the human species specificity of <i>Shigella</i> by discussing some possible evasion mechanisms towards the human, but not non-human or rodent gut innate defense barrier, leading to the lack of a relevant animal infection model. In addition, subversion mechanisms of the adaptive immune response are highlighted summarizing research advances of the recent years. In particular, the new paradigm of <i>Shigella</i> pathogenicity constituted of invasion-independent T3SS effector-mediated targeting of activated, human lymphocytes is discussed. Along with consequences on vaccine development, these findings offer new directions for future research endeavors towards a better understanding of immunity to <i>Shigella</i> infection.
Insertion Routes to Tetrasubstituted Guanidinate Complexes of Ta(V) and Nb(V) (1999)

The preparation and characterization of guanidinate-containing complexes of Nb and Ta is described. The direct reactions of M(NMe(2))(5) with either dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyN=C=NCy) and diisopropylcarbodiimide ((i)PrN=C=N(i)Pr) proceeded smoothly at room temperature under nitrogen to yield [RNC(NMe(2))NR]M(NMe(2))(4) (M = Ta, Nb; R = Cy, (i)Pr). The spectroscopic characterization of these materials is consistent with a symmetrical chelating bidentate guanidinate anion bonded to a pseudo-octahedral metal center. Confirmation of these details was provided by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study in the case of [CyNC(NMe(2))NCy]Ta(NMe(2))(4) (1). Delocalization of the lone pair of electrons on the guanidinate NMe(2) group into the ligand N-C-N pi system does not appear to be significant in these species.
HybriFree: a robust and rapid method for the development of monoclonal antibodies from different host species (2016)

HybriFree can be used for the reliable development of monoclonal antibodies and their subsequent production in mammalian cells. This simple protocol requires neither the culturing of B-cells nor single-cell manipulations, and only standard molecular biology laboratory equipment is needed. In principle, the method is applicable to any species for which antibody cDNA sequence information is available.
Learning a Single Convolutional Super-Resolution Network for Multiple Degradations (2017)

Recent years have witnessed the unprecedented success of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in single image super-resolution (SISR). However, existing CNN-based SISR methods mostly assume that a low-resolution (LR) image is bicubicly downsampled from a high-resolution (HR) image, thus inevitably giving rise to poor performance when the true degradation does not follow this assumption. Moreover, they lack scalability in learning a single model to non-blindly deal with multiple degradations. To address these issues, we propose a general framework with dimensionality stretching strategy that enables a single convolutional super-resolution network to take two key factors of the SISR degradation process, i.e., blur kernel and noise level, as input. Consequently, the super-resolver can handle multiple and even spatially variant degradations, which significantly improves the practicability. Extensive experimental results on synthetic and real LR images show that the proposed convolutional super-resolution network not only can produce favorable results on multiple degradations but also is computationally efficient, providing a highly effective and scalable solution to practical SISR applications.
Data from Cidofovir: A Novel Antitumor Agent for Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Cidofovir (CDV) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nucleoside antiviral agent used to treat severe human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Until now, no clear therapeutic effects of CDV have been reported outside of the setting of viral infection, including a potential role for CDV as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of brain tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We investigated the cytotoxicity of CDV against the glioblastoma cells, U87MG and primary SF7796, both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, using an intracranial xenograft model. Standard techniques for cell culturing, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time PCR were employed. The survival of athymic mice (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8–10 per group) bearing glioblastoma tumors, treated with CDV alone or in combination with radiation, was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and evaluated with a two-sided log-rank test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; CDV possesses potent antineoplastic activity against HCMV-infected glioblastoma cells. This activity is associated with the inhibition of HCMV gene expression and with activation of cellular apoptosis. Surprisingly, we also determined that CDV induces glioblastoma cell death in the absence of HCMV infection. CDV is incorporated into tumor cell DNA, which promotes double-stranded DNA breaks and induces apoptosis. In the setting of ionizing radiotherapy, the standard of care for glioblastoma in humans, CDV augments radiation-induced DNA damage and, further, promotes tumor cell death. Combination therapy with CDV and radiotherapy significantly extended the survival of mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; We have identified a novel antiglioma property of the FDA-approved drug CDV, which heightens the cytotoxic effect of radiotherapy, the standard of care therapy for glioblastoma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6473–83. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Asymmetric Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Functionalized Aldimines as 1,4‐Dipoles (2021)

The use of functionalized aldimines has been demonstrated as newly structural 1,4-dipole precursors under carbene catalysis. More importantly, enantiodivergent organocatalysis has been successfully developed using carbene catalysts with the same absolute configuration, leading to both (R)- and (S)- enantiomers of six-membered heterocycles with quaternary carbon centers. This strategy features a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and good enantiomeric ratio. DFT calculation results indicated that hydrogen bond C-H⋅⋅⋅F interactions between the catalyst and substrate are the key factors for controlling and even switching the enantioselectivity. These new 1,4-dipoles can also react with isatin and its imines under carbene catalysis, allowing for access to the spiro oxindoles with excellent enantiomeric ratios.
“Notions” and “Things” in John Henry Newman’s Grammar of Assent (2013)

In discussing apprehension, assent, and inference in his Grammar of Assent, Newman contrasted “notions” and “things”–terms that distinguish knowledge of the abstract and “unreal” from knowledge of the singular and concrete. This essay proposes that Newman’s contrast between “notions” and “things” is an adverbial distinction, qualifying a person’s mode of engagement with the world, rather than an adjectival distinction, qualifying the metaphysical status of particular terms.
NeoCart Update (2015)

Regenerative medicine technology is currently being used to create hyaline-like cartilage tissue from autologous cartilage cells. NeoCart is one such investigational scaffold-based cartilage implant used to treat knee cartilage injuries. There are limited data available regarding this specific treatment option, as NeoCart is currently undergoing a phase III clinical trial at several cartilage restoration centers across the United States.
Fate Before Function: Specification of the Hair Follicle Niche Occurs Prior to its Formation and Is Progenitor Dependent (2018)

SUMMARY Cell fate transitions are essential for specialization of stem cells and their niches, but the precise timing and sequence of molecular events during embryonic development are largely unknown. Here, we show that dermal condensates (DC), signaling niches for epithelial progenitors in hair placodes, are specified before niche formation and function. With 3D/4D microscopy we identify unclustered DC precursors. With population-based and single-cell transcriptomics we define a molecular time-lapse of dynamic niche signatures and the developmental trajectory as the DC lineage emerges from fibroblasts. Co-expression of downregulated fibroblast and upregulated DC genes in niche precursors reveals a transitory molecular state following a proliferation shutdown. Waves of transcription factor and signaling molecule expression then consolidate DC niche formation. Finally, ablation of epidermal Wnt signaling and placode-derived FGF20 demonstrates their requirement for DC-precursor specification. These findings uncover a progenitor-dependent niche precursor fate and the transitory molecular events controlling niche formation and function. Graphical Abstract HIGHLIGHTS Precursors of the hair follicle niche are specified before niche cluster formation Bulk/single cell RNA-seq defines early niche fate at molecular transitional state Successive waves of transcription factor/signaling genes mark niche fate acquisition Niche fate acquisition is not “pre-programmed” and requires FGF20 from progenitors
The role of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) in protein homeostasis (2018)

Ever since loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein was identified as the direct cause of the childhood inherited neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy, significant efforts have been made to reveal the molecular functions of this ubiquitously expressed protein. Resulting research demonstrated that SMN plays important roles in multiple fundamental cellular homeostatic pathways, including a well-characterised role in the assembly of the spliceosome and biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins. More recent studies have shown that SMN is also involved in other housekeeping processes, including mRNA trafficking and local translation, cytoskeletal dynamics, endocytosis and autophagy. Moreover, SMN has been shown to influence mitochondria and bioenergetic pathways as well as regulate function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this review, we summarise these diverse functions of SMN, confirming its key role in maintenance of the homeostatic environment of the cell.
A Simplified Methodology to Estimate Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings from Improvements in Airtightness (2018)

Air leakage through the envelope of commercial buildings in the United States accounts for approximately 6% of their energy use. Various simulation approaches have been proposed to estimate the impact of air leakage on building energy use. Although approaches that are based on detailed airflow modeling appear to be the most accurate to calculate infiltration heat transfer in simulation models, these approaches tend to require significant modeling expertise and effort. To make these energy savings estimates more readily available to building owners and designers, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Air Barrier Association of America, and the US Department of Energy (DOE) are developing a user-friendly online calculator that applies a detailed airflow modeling approach to examine energy savings due to airtightness in commercial buildings. The calculator, however, is limited to 52 US cities and a few cities in Canada and China. This paper describes the development of an alternative, simplified method to estimate energy savings from improved airtightness. The proposed method uses the same detailed approach for hourly infiltration calculations as the online calculator but it expands the ability to estimate energy savings to all US cities using hourly outdoor air temperature as the only input. The new simple regression model-based approach was developed and tested with DOE’s standalone retail prototype building model. Results from the new approach and the calculator show good agreement. Additionally, a simple approach to estimate percent energy savings for retrofitted buildings was also developed; results were within 5% of the energy saving estimates from the online calculator.