gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Nerve Block Techniques for Ambulatory Surgery (2005)

Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) have an increasingly important role in ambulatory anesthesia and have many characteristics of the ideal outpatient anesthetic: surgical anesthesia, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and facilitated discharge. Critically evaluating the potential benefits and supporting evidence is essential to appropriate technique selection. When PNBs are used for upper extremity procedures, there is consistent opioid sparing and fewer treatment-related side effects when compared with general anesthesia. This has been demonstrated in the immediate perioperative period but has not been extensively investigated after discharge. Lower extremity PNBs are particularly useful for procedures resulting in greater tissue trauma when the benefits of dense analgesia appear to be magnified, as evidenced by less hospital readmission. The majority of current studies do not support the concept that a patient will have difficulty coping with pain when their block resolves at home. Initial investigations of outpatient continuous peripheral nerve blocks demonstrate analgesic potential beyond that obtained with single-injection blocks and offer promise for extending the duration of postoperative analgesia. The encouraging results of these studies will have to be balanced with the resources needed to safely manage catheters at home. Despite supportive data for ambulatory PNBs, most studies have been either case series or relatively small prospective trials, with a narrow focus on analgesia, opioids, and immediate side effects. Ultimately, having larger prospective data with a broader focus on outcome benefits would be more persuasive for anesthesiologists to perform procedures that are still viewed by many as technically challenging.
Theory of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor microcrystallites (1987)

We analyze theoretically the optical properties of ideal semiconductor crystallites so small that they show quantum confinement in all three dimensions [quantum dots (QD's)]. In the limit of a QD much smaller than the bulk exciton size, the linear spectrum will be a series of lines, and we consider the phonon broadening of these lines. The lowest interband transition will saturate like a two-level system, without exchange and Coulomb screening. Depending on the broadening, the absorption and the changes in absorption and refractive index resulting from saturation can become very large, and the local-field effects can become so strong as to give optical bistability without external feedback. The small QD limit is more readily achieved with narrow-band-gap semiconductors.
Sub-100 nm Nanolithography and Pattern Transfer on Compound Semiconductor Using Sol-Gel-Derived TiO[sub 2] Resist (2008)

Typical methods for sub- compound semiconductor patterning are based on indirect pattern transfer using or as intermediate masks, which inevitably increase the complexity of pattern transfer and cause potential damage to samples. We present an approach of direct pattern transfer using sol-gel-derived resist as mask. The optimal dose of resist for E-beam lithography is . The sample InP compound semiconductor etching selectivity to resist is as high as 9:1 with aspect ratio of over 30:1. Various sub- scale inductively coupled plasma etching patterns are obtained with a high-quality etching profile. The smallest feature is as small as wide with a depth of over .
Various Advanced Statistical Analyses of Index Values Extracted from Outdoor Agricultural Workers Motion Data (2014)

We have been grouping and developing various kinds of practical, promising sensing applied systems concerning agricultural advancement and technical tradition (guidance). These include advanced devices to secure real-time data related to worker motion, and we analyze by methods of various advanced statistics and human dynamics (e.g. primary component analysis, Ward system based cluster analysis, and mapping). What is more, we have been considering worker daily health and safety issues. Targeted fields are mainly common farms, meadows, and gardens. After then, we observed and discussed time-line style, changing data. And, we made some suggestions. The entire plan makes it possible to improve both the aforementioned applied systems and farms.
Capacity building in the agricultural sector in Africa (1999)

Given the rural nature of most African economies and the concentration of the poor in rural areas, there is a pressing need to increase capacity to promote agricultural development. The studies discussed here explore the lessons to be learned in agricultural sector capacity building from the implementation of four agricultural projects with significant capacity-building components. The projects were implemented in Kenya, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, and Malawi. Six general issues stand out: 1) The four projects provide further evidence of the difficulty of achieving sustainable capacity development in individual ministries of governments with systematically weak civil services, suggesting that capacity building should be tackled in the context of broader civil service reform. 2) As a corollary, project design should be founded on realistic assessments of the domestic resources available to sustain project activities. 3) The Bank needs to develop country capacity-building strategies with an extended, although clearly bounded, time commitment. 4) The mediocre to poor outcomes in the capcity-building components of these four projects suggest a need to give more explicit attention to the design and implementation stages of such interventions. 5) The Bank's current strategy of reducing use of long-term expatriate assistance is appropriate. 6) After decades of technical assistance that has left so little sustainable capacity, applying tough-minded evaluation criteria is appropriate.
Does Alkaline-Earth-Metal-Based Superalkali Exist? (2016)

A series of M<sub>k</sub>F<sub>2k-1</sub><sup>+</sup> (M = Mg, Ca; k = 2, 3) cations have been theoretically investigated to make a new attempt to design superalkali species. As expected, most of these cations were identified as pseudoalkali or even superalkali cations in view of their low electron affinities (EAs). The stability of these cationic clusters is indicated by considerable HOMO-LUMO gaps and positive dissociation energies. More intriguingly, these alkaline-earth-metal-based cations have advantages over alkali-metal-based superalkalis in two aspects: (1) they possess much larger binding energy values; (2) they can keep the chemical stability along with the increasing cluster size. Therefore, it is proposed here that the alkaline-earth-metal atoms could partner with halogens to construct stable cations of low EA value, which may add new candidates to the superalkali family.
ChemInform Abstract: Spinel Fibers from Carboxylate Precursor. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of a new type of pneumatic force feedback data glove (2011)

A force feedback data glove is mainly applied to virtual assembly or manipulation. The existing data gloves have the disadvantages with low force/weight ratio, complicated structure and weak force control. A new type of pneumatic force feedback data glove, with high fore/weight ratio, simple structure and linear force control, has been described in this paper. A new type of designed micro-low-friction cylinder has been used to be the actuator of the glove, and non-contact magnetic sensors are used to measure the master hand's gesture. The glove's mechanical structure and the measure principle of the sensors have been achieved. The kinematics model has been established when the glove is in practical application. Finally, the force feedback control system has been set up to realize force feedback control.
Bloom Features (2015)

We introduce a method for function-fitting that achieves high accuracy with a low memory footprint. For d-dimensional data and any user-specified m, we define a feature map from d to m dimensional Euclidean space with memory footprint O(m) that scales as follows: As m increases, the space of linear functions on our m-dimensional features approximates any MAX (or boolean OR) function on the d-dimensional inputs with expected error inversely proportional to m. Our method is the only one in existence with this scaling that can simultaneously run in O(m) time, process real-value inputs, and approximate non-linear functions, properties respectively not achieved by random Fourier features, b-bit Minwise Hashing, and Vowpal Wabbit, three competing methods. We achieve all three properties by using hashing (O(m) space) to implement a sparse-matrix multiply (O(m) time) with addition replaced by MAX (non-linear approximation). As these techniques are inspired by the Bloom filter, we call the vectors produced by our mapping Bloom features. We demonstrate that the scaling prefactors are reasonable by testing our method on simulated (Dirichlet distributions) and real (MNIST and webspam) datasets.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil ofMorina longifoliaWall. Leaves (2013)

Essential oil from the leaves of Morina longifolia was isolated (yield 1.43%) using the hydro-distillation method and analyzed for its chemical composition by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. The oil showed the presence of 47 compounds representing 82.29% area of total chromatogram. The oil was dominated by sesquiterpenes amounting to 53.02% with germacrene D (20.74%), α-cadinol (4.09%), and germacrene D-4-ol (3.73%) as major constituents. The composition and characteristic odor of the oil is indicative of its use in fragrance applications.
Relaxation and intermediate asymptotics of a rectangular trench in a viscous film (2013)

The surface of a thin liquid film with nonconstant curvature flattens as a result of capillary forces. While this leveling is driven by local curvature gradients, the global boundary conditions greatly influence the dynamics. Here, we study the evolution of rectangular trenches in a polystyrene nanofilm. Initially, when the two sides of a trench are well separated, the asymmetric boundary condition given by the step height controls the dynamics. In this case, the evolution results from the leveling of two noninteracting steps. As the steps broaden further and start to interact, the global symmetric boundary condition alters the leveling dynamics. We report on full agreement between theory and experiments for the capillary-driven flow and resulting time dependent height profiles, a crossover in the power-law dependence of the viscous energy dissipation as a function of time as the trench evolution transitions from two noninteracting to interacting steps, and the convergence of the profiles to a universal self-similar attractor that is given by the Green's function of the linear operator describing the dimensionless linearized thin film equation.
Frameworks for interactive, extensible, information-intensive applications (1992)

We describe a set of application frameworks designed especially to support information-intensive applications in complex domains, where the visual organization of an application's information is critical. Our frameworks, called visual formalisms, provide the semantic structures and editing operations, as well as the visual layout algorithms, needed to create a complete application. Examples of visual formalisms include tables, panels, graphs, and outlines. They are designed to be extended both by programmers, through subclassing, and by end users, through an integrated extension language.
Does Nefazodone Improve Both Depression and Parkinson Disease? A Pilot Randomized Trial (2003)

Some of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because serotonin inhibits the subsequent neuronal dopamine release. We hypothesized that nefazodone, a serotonin 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased dopamine levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in depressed patients with Parkinson disease (PD) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether nefazodone has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in depressed parkinsonian patients. Depressed patients with PD were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: nefazodone or fluoxetine. Patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. Patients on nefazodone (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the fluoxetine group (n = 7). Both, nefazodone and fluoxetine were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, nefazodone ought to be considered over fluoxetine given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in depressed PD patients.
Use of X-Ray Diffraction as an Analytical Technique for the Synthesis of Inorganic Catalysts (1987)

Abstract X-ray powder diffraction was used as an analytical technique for the solid state synthesis of selective oxidation catalysts with large surface area. Qualitative analysis was used to determine the minimum temperature at which the synthesis was complete. Quantitative diffraction was used to analyze mixtures of isomorphous antimonates. Results indicated that the final mixtures are independent of the method of preparation, i.e., mixing or impregnation.
Peptide sweeteners. 5. Side chain homologs relating zwitterionic and trifluoroacetylated amino acid anilide and dipeptide sweeteners (1982)

Side-chain homologues of sweet trifluoroacetyl-alpha-L-aspartyl-p-cyanoanilide have been synthesized and tasted. Removal of the trifluoroacetyl group only changes the potency of sweet taste, not the taste property. These results have been compared with the structure-taste relationships of dipeptide sweeteners. An informative discontinuity of taste effects was found to exist with novel aminomalonyl dipeptide derivatives. The results are explained on topochemical grounds.
A Novel Approach to Reinstating Tolerance in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Using a Targeted Fusion Protein, mCTA1–T146 (2017)

Reinstating tissue-specific tolerance has attracted much attention as a means to treat autoimmune diseases. However, despite promising results in rodent models of autoimmune diseases, no established tolerogenic therapy is clinically available yet. In the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model several protocols have been reported that induce tolerance against the prime disease-associated antigen, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction. Using the whole AChR, the extracellular part or peptides derived from the receptor, investigators have reported variable success with their treatments, though, usually relatively large amounts of antigen has been required. Hence, there is a need for better formulations and strategies to improve on the efficacy of the tolerance-inducing therapies. Here, we report on a novel targeted fusion protein carrying the immunodominant peptide from AChR, mCTA1-T146, which given intranasally in repeated microgram doses strongly suppressed induction as well as ongoing EAMG disease in mice. The results corroborate our previous findings, using the same fusion protein approach, in the collagen-induced arthritis model showing dramatic suppressive effects on Th1 and Th17 autoaggressive CD4 T cells and upregulated regulatory T cell activities with enhanced IL10 production. A suppressive gene signature with upregulated expression of mRNA for TGFβ, IL10, IL27, and Foxp3 was clearly detectable in lymph node and spleen following intranasal treatment with mCTA1-T146. Amelioration of EAMG disease was accompanied by reduced loss of muscle AChR and lower levels of anti-AChR serum antibodies. We believe this targeted highly effective fusion protein mCTA1-T146 is a promising candidate for clinical evaluation in myasthenia gravis patients.
Caveolin-1 Modulates HIV-1 Envelope-Induced Bystander Apoptosis through gp41 (2010)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env)-mediated bystander apoptosis is known to cause the progressive, severe, and irreversible loss of CD4(+) T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. Env-induced bystander apoptosis has been shown to be gp41 dependent and related to the membrane hemifusion between envelope-expressing cells and target cells. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the scaffold protein of specific membrane lipid rafts called caveolae, has been reported to interact with gp41. However, the underlying pathological or physiological meaning of this robust interaction remains unclear. In this report, we examine the interaction of cellular Cav-1 and HIV gp41 within the lipid rafts and show that Cav-1 modulates Env-induced bystander apoptosis through interactions with gp41 in SupT1 cells and CD4(+) T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. Cav-1 significantly suppressed Env-induced membrane hemifusion and caspase-3 activation and augmented Hsp70 upregulation. Moreover, a peptide containing the Cav-1 scaffold domain sequence markedly inhibited bystander apoptosis and apoptotic signal pathways. Our studies shed new light on the potential role of Cav-1 in limiting HIV pathogenesis and the development of a novel therapeutic strategy in treating HIV-1-infected patients.
SELECTIVE VASOCONSTRICTOR INFUSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTERIO-CAPILLARY GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE (1972)

SELECTIVE VASOCONSTRICTOR INFUSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTERIO-CAPILLARY GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGEJOSEF RÖSCH, M.D., CHARLES T. DOTTER, M.D. and RUZA ANTONOVIC, M.D.Audio Available | Share
The neurotrophic factor artemin influences the extent of neural damage and growth in chronic pancreatitis (2006)

Overexpression of artemin in chronic pancreatitis might function as a compensatory upregulation in order to repair neural damage incurred by ongoing pancreatic inflammation. Upregulation of TGFbeta1 seems not only to increase pancreatic fibrosis but also to contribute to neural alteration by stimulating artemin expression in hPSCs. However, overexpression of endogenous artemin does not seem to be sufficient to prevent pain in chronic pancreatitis.
Studies on the Syntheses of Isoquinoline Derivatives and Their Analogs. XXXIV (1955)

Isoquinoline cyclization of (p-nitrobenzoyl)-β-alanyl β-veratrylethylamide, by the ordinary process, yields two substances of different decomposition points; yellowish substance of m.p. 242° (decomp.), and yellow substance of m.p. 193° (decomp.). Catalytic reduction of the substance of a higher melting point in the presence of platinum catalyst, yielded by absorption of 5 moles of hydrogen, 2′-(p-aminophenyl)-1′, 2′, 3′, 4′, -5′, 6′-hexahydropyrimidino-1′ 6′: 1, 2-(6, 7-dimethoxy-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline).
Kinematical electron diffraction (1996)

In a conventional TEM, electrons are emitted from an electron gun and focused by the condenser lens as a beam, which illuminates the specimen. The electron beam interacts with the specimen and is scattered (or diffracted) by the crystal atoms. Thus, the electron wave at the exit face of the specimen contains information about the potential distribution in the specimen. Since electrons are charged particles, their interaction with a solid is rather strong in comparison with either X-rays or neutrons, so that multiple scattering effects are always present in electron diffraction. This means that electron diffraction must be described by dynamical scattering theory, especially when quantitative structural analysis is necessary. However, many characteristics of electron diffraction can be qualitatively treated based on the kinematical scattering theory, which is actually a single-scattering theory. The purpose of this chapter is to outline some basic concepts of kinematical electron diffraction theory and to introduce the imaging theory of TEM, which will be applied in the future chapters for REM imaging. A systematic kinematical treatment of electron diffraction for perfect and imperfect crystals has been given by Cowley (1981). A complete description of dynamical electron diffraction theories has been given by Wang (1995).
A novel α-fetoprotein-derived helper T-lymphocyte epitope with strong immunogenicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2020)

α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is considered a good target for immunotherapy strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, no immunodominant AFP-derived MHC class II-restricted helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitope has been reported. Therefore, we identified novel AFP-derived HTL epitopes possessing high immunogenicity. HTL epitopes were predicted using the online service, and peptides were subsequently synthesized. Four newly synthesized peptides showed positive reactivity in >20% patients on ELISPOT using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Among these, the highest rate was shown by AFP<sub>1</sub> (MKWVESIFLIFLLNFTESRT), which also showed the highest positive rate in cell proliferation assays. Binding assays demonstrated that AFP<sub>1</sub> had strong binding properties toward MHC molecules. Further, blocking assays performed using an anti-HLA-DR antibody showed that immune response decreased, confirming the binding of AFP<sub>1</sub> to HLA-DR molecules. Furthermore, the survival rates of patients with stages II-IV HCC indicated that T cell response against AFP<sub>1</sub> led to significantly greater survival that of patients without T cell response. When evaluating immune response against AFP<sub>1</sub> before and after HCC treatment, an increase in the frequency of peptide-specific T cells was observed after treatment in patients with HLA-DRB1*1502, *0405, and *0901 alleles. In conclusion, the identified epitopes may be useful for immunotherapy strategies against HCC.
Towards a metamodel for supporting decisions in knowledge-intensive processes (2019)

Knowledge-intensive processes (KiPs) cannot be fully specified at design time because not all information about the process is available prior to its execution. At runtime, new information emerges reflecting environment changes or unexpected outcomes. The structure of this kind of processes varies from case to case and it is defined step-by-step based on knowledge worker's decisions made after analyzing the current situation. These decisions rely on the knowledge worker's experience and available information. Current process management approaches still need to adequately address the complex characteristics of knowledge-intensive processes, such as their unpredictability, emergency, non-repeatability, and dynamism. This paper proposes a metamodel for representing KiPs aiming to help knowledge workers during the decision-making process. Domain and organizational knowledge are modeled by objectives and tactics. The metamodel supports the definition of objectives, metrics, tactics, goals and strategies at runtime according to a specific situation. Also, it includes concepts related to context and environment elements, business artifacts, roles and rules. The feasibility of our model was evaluated via a proof of concept in the medical domain.