gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised machine learning for photovoltaic systems: Modelling LID dynamics in SHJ solar cells (2022)

We present an unsupervised machine learning-based modelling and analysis procedure for the study of high-dimensional non-linear dynamic systems using experimental characterisation data, herein used to investigate the dynamics of solar cell performance changes arising from a light-induced degradation (LID) mechanism observed in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells during illuminated annealing at elevated temperatures. A training dataset of state trajectories (tensors through time) was prepared from solar cell characterisation results (changes in cell performance during prolonged exposure to various combinations of temperature and illumination intensity). A generative representation learning architecture was developed, featuring neural network (NN) models to map between state trajectories and time-independent latent-states, and a latent ordinary differential equation model parametrised by a deep NN to predict latent-state transition dynamics. These models were trained together as a β-variational autoencoder to ensure highly disentangled latent-state variables. Inference of the trained model indicates good accuracy in LID dynamics prediction concurrently across all state variables. The trained model successfully identified the primary relationship between illumination intensity (and not temperature) and the kinetics of degradation and recovery, in agreement with previously reported analysis performed using traditional methods. However, this was achieved here in a completely unsupervised manner in under 2 minutes training time on consumer-grade hardware, and can be similarly applied for investigations into a broad range of photovoltaic systems.
HOW SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS ENHANCES PRODUCT DESIGN. (2001)

SUBTITLE: PRODUCT DESIGN CAN HAVE A HUGE IMPACT ON SUPPLY CHAIN COSTS. THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO GAUGE THOSE COSTS -- WHILE AT THE SAME TIME IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT -- IS THROUGH SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS DURING THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS. DESCRIBED HERE ARE THE ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES THAT HEWLETT-PACKARD USED TO ENHANCE THE DESIGN AND ROLLOUT OF A KEY PRODUCT.
Multipatterns of the National Weather Radar Testbed Mitigate Clutter Received via Sidelobes (2010)

Abstract The phased-array radar (PAR) of the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has a unique hybrid (mechanical and electrical) azimuth scan capability, allowing weather observations with different antenna patterns. Observations show the standard deviation of the sample mean power of weather echoes received through the main lobe of a set of squinted beams is less than the clutter received via sidelobes. This then allows use of a multipattern technique to cancel sidelobe echoes from moving scatterers, echoes that cannot be filtered with a ground-clutter canceler. Although the multipattern technique was developed to cancel clutter received through sidelobes, results show clutter from objects moving within the beam can also be canceled.
Two-dimensional lattice models of the Peierls type (2003)

Two-dimensional discrete models are used to describe nonlinear interactions of 'atoms' within interface regions. An evolution algorithm is presented for a distribution of dislocations on a plane. Results of numerical simulations illustrate motion of a dislocation kink. A finite-thickness nonlinear interface is studied in two dimensions; it gives a further extension of the mathematical model to the analysis of contact problems with frictional interfaces.
LetterWise (2001)

A new technique to enter text using a mobile phone keypad is described. For text input, the traditional touchtone phone keypad is ambiguous because each key encodes three or four letters. Instead of using a stored dictionary to guess the intended word, our technique uses probabilities of letter sequences --- "prefixes" --- to guess the intended letter. Compared to dictionary-based methods, this technique, called LetterWise, takes significantly less memory and allows entry of non-dictionary words without switching to a special input mode. We conducted a longitudinal study to compare LetterWise to Multitap, the conventional text entry method for mobile phones. The experiment included 20 participants (10 LetterWise, 10 Multitap), and each entered phrases of text for 20 sessions of about 30 minutes each. Error rates were similar between the techniques; however, by the end of the experiment the mean entry speed was 36% faster with LetterWise than with Multitap.
INDEX OF NAMES & MATTERS page 3-40 (2013)

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A process-independent, 800-MB/s, DRAM byte-wide interface featuring command interleaving and concurrent memory operation (1998)

An 800-MB/s/pin byte-wide interface DRAM is described that meets the bandwidth requirements for modern microprocessor systems. Clock recovery and I/O circuitry perform to specification across multiple DRAM manufacturers' processes. The clock-recovery circuitry is described in depth for areas that are sensitive to power-supply noise. I/O circuitry for preserving signal integrity in high-speed bussed systems is described. Design methodology that enables rapid simulation and verification of the design in each fabrication process is discussed. Logic that enables interleaved transactions with concurrent operation is detailed. Computer-aided-design tools for large aspect merged logic/memory are discussed. Last, measured results are summarized showing clock jitter, setup and hold timing, and period versus V/sub dd/ operation.
Planar Optical Waveguides Using Poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) Activated with Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplates (2020)

Lead halide perovskite nanoplates support strongly quantum confined excitons, high photoluminescence quantum yield, fast and narrow photoluminescence spectra. Future use of these nanomaterials is strongly dependent on the ability to enhance their stability and engineer the out-coupling of excitonic emission. Optical waveguides can harness their attractive optical properties enabling integration into photonic devices and preventing degradation. In this study we activate planar polymer waveguides of poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) with colloidally synthesized CsPbBr3 nanoplates and study interactions between perovskite confined excitons and the optical waveguide modes. Beyond optical engineering, the polymer forming the waveguide serves also to encapsulate the perovskite nanocrystals, protecting them from the environment. Angle-dependent photoluminescence measurements indicate coupling between the quantum confined excitons in the nanoplates and the planar guided modes. This is evident by the emission of photons with momenta and polarization states matching those of the guided modes. We achieve an order of magnitude shortening of the emission lifetime via Purcell effect. Achieving fast emission from perovskite nanoplate activated waveguides is of interest in the context of searching for an efficient and coherent single photon source. These findings can serve as a first engineering step in the direction for a more complex nanoperovskite waveguide based photonic structure.
A Novel Long Non‐Coding RNA lnc030 Maintains Breast Cancer Stem Cell Stemness by Stabilizing SQLE mRNA and Increasing Cholesterol Synthesis (2020)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the roots of cancer metastasis and recurrence (CSCs), due in part to their self-renewal and therapy resistance properties. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CSC stemness are poorly understood. Recently, increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators for cancer cell function in various malignancies including breast cancer, but how lncRNAs regulate the function of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains to be determined. Herein, using lncRNA/mRNA microarray assays, a novel lncRNA (named lnc030) is identified, which is highly expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo, as a pivotal regulator in maintaining BCSC stemness and promoting tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, lnc030 cooperates with poly(rC) binding protein 2(PCBP2) to stabilize squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mRNA, resulting in an increase of cholesterol synthesis. The increased cholesterol in turn actives PI3K/Akt signaling, which governs BCSC stemness. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a new, lnc030-based mechanism for regulating cholesterol synthesis and stemness properties of BCSCs. The lnc030-SQLE-cholesterol synthesis pathway may serve as an effective therapeutic target for BCSC elimination and breast cancer treatment.
Bioactive Cembranoids, Sarcocrassocolides P–R, from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule (2014)

New cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides P-R (1-3) and four known compounds (4-7) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3-5 and 7 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and all compounds 1-7 displayed potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein. Compound 7 also showed significant activity in reducing the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in the same macrophage cells.
Synergistic Communication between CD4+ T Cells and Monocytes Impacts the Cytokine Environment (2016)

Physiological cytokine environments arise from factors produced by diverse cell types in coordinated concert. Understanding the contributions of each cell type in the context of cell-cell communication is important for effectively designing disease modifying interventions. Here, we present multi-plexed measurement of 48 cytokines from a coculture system of primary human CD4+ T cells and monocytes across a spectrum of stimuli and for a range of relative T cell/monocyte compositions, coupled with corresponding measurements from PBMCs and plasma from the same donors. Computational analysis of the resulting data-sets elucidated communication-independent and communication-dependent contributions, including both positive and negative synergies. We find that cytokines in cell supernatants were uncorrelated to those found in plasma. Additionally, as an example of positive synergy, production levels of CXCR3 cytokines IP-10 and MIG, depend non-linearly on both IFNγ and TNFα levels in cross-talk between T cells and monocytes. Overall, this work demonstrates that communication between cell types can significantly impact the consequent cytokine environment, emphasizing the value of mixed cell population studies.
Organizing Instructional Programs and/or Products (2015)

This chapter addresses the instructional designer's skills and abilities in organizing instructional programs and/or products. Once work analysis has been performed, instructional designers should be ready to write statements of performance objectives. Instructional designers can derive performance objectives from goal analysis, carried out with instructional and organizational goals and learner-trainer activities, or from task or content analysis results. Instructional designers convert the results of task or content analysis into specific performance objectives by establishing instructional purpose, classifying learning tasks and analyzing learning tasks. To write performance objectives instructional designers must have a task or concept analysis and a learner analysis. Instructional designers begin the process of stating performance objectives by identifying the kinds of objectives that must be written. Referring to the task classification prepared earlier in the instructional design process, they should clarify whether each objective will focus on knowledge, skills, or attitudes.
Modulation of signalling in neutrophils activated by a chemotactic peptide: calcium regulates diacyl glycerol metabolism (1987)

Neutrophils activated by ligands such as the chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) generate superoxide anion (O/sub 2//sup -/) and release specific and azurophil granule contents. The signalling for this response is thought to involve both elevated cytosolic Ca and protein kinase C activity. Receptor-occupation triggers a phospholipase C to cleave phosphatidyl inositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP/sub 2/) yielding inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate, (IP/sub 3/), a trigger for intracellular Ca release, and diacyl glycerol (DG), which together with Ca activates protein kinase C. The DG can be metabolized to phosphatidic acid (PA). FMLP triggered a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca (fura-2). Loading cells with MAPTAM, and intracellular Ca buffer, suppressed this Ca transient in FMLP activated cells and inhibited O/sub 2//sup -/ generation to 12.5% of control, beta-glucuronidase release to 40.3% of control and lysozyme release to 55.1% of control. FMLP triggered a prompt decrease in PIP/sub 2/ in cells pre-labelled with /sup 32/P or /sup 3/H-inositol and an increase in PA and release of /sup 3/H-IP/sub 3/. A rapid increase in /sup 14/C-DG levels was also observed in /sup 14/C-glycerol pre-loaded cells activated by FMLP. Suppression of the Ca transient by buffering with MAPTAM inhibited elevation of /sup 14/C-DG. Breakdown of PIP/sub 2/more » was not inhibited and elevation of /sup 32/P-PA was enhanced in MAPTAM loaded cells. Conversely, 200nM ionomycin which elevated cytosolic Ca to an equivalent level to 10/sup -7/M FMLP, triggered a rise in /sup 14/C-DG but not in PA.« less
Unified kinetic model of dopant segregation during vapor-phase growth (2005)

We develop a unified kinetic model for surface segregation during vapor phase growth that concisely and quantitatively describes the observed behavior in silicon-based systems. A simple analytic function for the segregation length is derived by treating terrace-mediated and step-edge-mediated mechanisms in parallel. The predicted behavior of this parameter is examined through its temperature, flux, and terrace length dependence. Six distinct temperature regimes are predicted for the segregation length that depend on the relative segregation energies and activation barriers of the two mechanisms. The model is compared to reported behavior of Sb and P in Si(001) and excellent agreement is obtained using realistic energies and preexponential factors. The model accounts for the experimentally observed anomalous low-temperature segregation of Sb as a consequence of the competition between step-edge-mediated segregation, dominant at low temperatures, and terrace-mediated segregation, dominant at higher temperatures. The generalized treatment of segregation mechanisms in the model makes it applicable to other segregating systems, including metals and III-V semiconductors.
Rauscher murine leukemia virus: molecular cloning of infectious integrated proviral DNA (1982)

The integrated proviral genome of Rauscher murine leukemia virus was molecularly cloned in a bacteriophage Charon 4A vector after the proviral sequences were enriched by sequential RPC-5 column chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. A recombinant DNA clone, lambda-RV-1, possessing a 12-kilobase-pair EcoRI insert, was shown to contain the entire 8.8-kilobase-pair leukemia virus genome flanked by rat cellular sequences at the 5' and 3' ends. This DNA fragment was biologically active, inducing the release of virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity with as little as 10 ng of DNA insert. The virus induced XC plaque formation at high titers on NIH/3T3 and BALB/3T3 cells and demonstrated identity with the parental virus in radioimmunoassays for the highly type-specific gag gene-coded p12 protein. The molecularly cloned Rauscher murine leukemia virus should be useful in studying the molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation of specific lymphoid target cells by chronic mouse leukemia viruses.
Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene by Mackinawite (FeS) in the Presence of Metals:  Reaction Rates (2007)

Reductive dechlorination by mackinawite (FeS) is an important transformation pathway for chloroethylenes in anoxic environments. Yet, the impact of metals on reductive dechlorination is not well understood, despite their frequent cooccurrence with chloroethylenes. Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) were evaluated for their impact on the dechlorination rates of PCE and TCE by FeS. Compared with unamended FeS batches, the dechlorination rates of both chloroethylenes decreased by addition of 0.01 M Fe(II). Relative to 0.01 M Fe(II)-added FeS batches, the dechlorination rates increased in FeS batches amended with 0.01 M of Co(II) and Hg(II), whereas the rates decreased in 0.01 M Ni(II)-added batches. While significantly impacting the dechlorination rates, the amended metals were quantitatively sequestered by FeS mainly because of formation of metal sulfides. Comparison of the dechlorination rates between metal-added FeS batches and metal sulfide batches suggests that discrete metal sulfides do not form in metal-added FeS batches. The observed exceptionally high reactivity of CoS suggests that it may be useful in reactive permeable barrier applications because of its stability in anoxic waters. The dechlorination rates of PCE and TCE significantly varied with Fe(ll) amendment concentrations (Fe(II)0), indicating the presence of different types of solid-bound Fe phases with Fe(II)o.
Site Screening and Technical Guidance for Monitored Natural Attenuation at DOE Sites (1999)

Site Screening and Technical Guidance for Monitored Natural Attenuation at DOE Sites briefly outlines the biological and geochemical origins of natural attenuation, the tendency for natural processes in soils to mitigate contaminant transport and availability, and the means for relying on monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for remediation of contaminated soils and groundwaters. This report contains a step-by-step guide for (1) screening contaminated soils and groundwaters on the basis of their potential for remediation by natural attenuation and (2) implementing MNA consistent with EPA OSWER Directive 9200.4-17. The screening and implementation procedures are set up as a web-based tool (http://www.sandia.gov/eesector/gs/gc/na/mnahome.html) to assist US Department of Energy (DOE) site environmental managers and their staff and contractors to adhere to EPA guidelines for implementing MNA. This document is intended to support the Decision Maker's Framework Guide and Monitoring Guide both to be issued from DOE EM-40. Further technical advances may cause some of the approach outlined in this document to change over time.
Chemistry of highly reduced polypyridyl-metal complexes. Anion substitution induced by ligand-based reduction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of highly reduced polypyridyl-metal complexes. Anion substitution induced by ligand-based reductionB. Patrick Sullivan, David Conrad, and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 22, 3640–3645Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00216a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00216a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Be alert on the crisis of new energy &#x201C;surplus&#x201D; (2011)

The rapid consumption of traditional energy makes the new energy gradually emerging in people's view. Many companies flock to this industry by their misunderstanding and the interests. They pay no attention to the technological innovation and industrial upgrading which result in the energy “surplus”. The kind of the surplus is not about the new energy but mainly on the polysilicon, wind energy equipment and so on. Thus, the exploitation of the new energy has a long way to go and when the problems appearing it should be solved at once according to China's present national conditions. The government in the choice of leading carrier of a new engine of economic growth can not be blind but to follow the future direction of industrial development. New energy has become national governments' prey as a key industry to deal with the energy crisis and future challenges of climate changes. Therefore, the problems of new energy cannot be avoided.
A programmable 1400 MOPS video signal processor (1989)

A description is given of a digital, general-purpose, programmable IC especially designed for flexible processing of video signals. The IC is implemented in a 1.6 μm CMOS technology and operates at 27 MHz while performing over 1400 MOPS (million user-programmable operations per second) at an instruction rate of 270 MIPS. A novel design method is described which blends silicon compiler concepts with conventional full-custom design techniques
A fiber optics sensor for strain and stress management in superconducting accelerator magnets (1993)

A novel cryogenic interferometric fiber optics sensor for the measurement of strain and stress in the coil windings of superconducting accelerator magnets is described. The sensor can operate with two different readout sources, monochromatic laser light and white light respectively. The sensor head is built up as an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer formed with two cleaved fiber surfaces, and can be mounted in several configurations. When read with laser light, the sensor is an extremely sensitive relative strain or temperature detector. When read with white light the absolute strain and pressure can be measured. Results are presented of tests in several configurations at 77 K and 4.2 K, both for the relative and absolute readout method. Finally, the possible use for quench localization using the temperature sensitivity is described.
Compact and Polarization-Independent Variable Optical Attenuator Based on a Silicon Wire Waveguide with a Carrier Injection Structure (2010)

We developed a Si variable optical attenuator (VOA) with low-polarization-dependent loss (PDL). We designed the core dimensions to reduce PDL originating from free-carrier absorption. In the core dimensions, there is a big margin for which the PDL is less than 1 dB when attenuation is -20 dB. On the basis of calculations, we fabricated the Si VOAs and evaluated them. A fabricated Si VOA exhibited PDL of 0.2 dB due to free-carrier absorption when the attenuation was -20 dB. Moreover, we verified that the PDL is less than 1 dB in a wide range of core widths, it is tolerant to fabrication error.
The Ideal Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor-Site Dressing (2011)

Therapeutic, II.