gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas. (1980)

The phylogenetic relationships between the mycoplasmas and bacteria have been established from a comparative analysis of their 16S rRNA oligonucleotide catalogs. The genera Mycoplasma, Spiroplasma, and Acholeplasma arose by degenerative evolution, as a deep branch of the subline of clostridial ancestry that led to Bacillus and Lactobacillus. Thermoplasma has no specific relationship to the other mycoplasmas; it belongs with the archaebacteria.
High pressure hollow cathode discharges (2002)

Summary form only given. The current-voltage characteristics of DC discharges in argon at pressures in the tens of Torr range in a hollow cathode geometry with a 0.7 mm cathode hole diameter have a positive slope for discharge currents of less than 30 mA. This resistive behavior has allowed us to operate the discharges in parallel without ballast. According to the "White-Allis" similarity law, the sustaining voltage of hollow cathode discharges is dependent on the product of gas pressure and cathode hole diameter. In order to extend the pressure range to higher values we have reduced the cathode hole diameter to 0.2 mm. With this cathode we were able to obtain stable discharges in air at a pressure of 50 Torr in a pulsed mode. Further reduction of the hole diameter to 75 /spl mu/m allowed us to extend the pressure range of hollow cathode discharge operation to 350 Torr in air with pulses of 1 ms duration. Both experiments were performed with hollow cathode arrays, where 48 and 90 cathode holes, respectively, were placed in parallel. The results indicate that atmospheric pressure hollow cathode discharges in air on be obtained if the hole diameter is reduced to values below 50 pm, and the discharge is operated in a pulsed mode. The possibility of generating large arrays of high pressure micro-hollow cathode discharges without ballast suggests their use as simple flat panels in light sources at high pressures. The nonthermal electron energy distribution typical for hollow cathode discharges might also allow their use as gas processing devices.
Système éducatif et inégalités sociales en Haïti. Le cas des écoles catholiques (2008)

Cet article est un outil nécessaire pour toutes les personnes qui cherchent à comprendre le système éducatif et les contradictions de la société d'Haïti, la plus riche des colonies françaises au XVIIIè siècle et la première république noire depuis 1804. De nos jours, ce pays est pourtant considéré comme le plus pauvre d'Amérique, au point de vue économique. Cette étude est particulièrement un instrument de travail pour les chercheurs en sociologie et en sciences de l'éducation. Elle retrace l'évolution du système éducatif d'Haïti en analysant sa logique inégalitaire, la dichotomie français/créole, religion chrétienne (catholique et protestante) et vaudou.
Orientation behaviour of the minor director of homeotropically oriented nematic elastomers in mechanical fields (2013)

We report the synthesis of a thin nematic elastomer film where the major director of the mesogenic moieties (i.e. the average orientation of the main molecular axes) is permanently oriented parallel to the film's normal. This allows us to directly observe the orientation of the minor director (average orientation of the minor molecular axes) using optical techniques. We find that the elastomer exhibits spontaneous biaxiality at room temperature and the minor director is oriented in large domains. When a mechanical field is applied perpendicular to the major director, the domains of the minor director reorient into the direction of strain above a characteristic threshold, forming a monodomain with 3D orientational long-range order. This reorientation process is accompanied by a change in the slope of the stress–strain curve and X-ray scattering experiments reveal that the reorientation of the major director only sets in after the reorientation of the minor director is complete.
Estimating Total Absolute Activity of Small Radioactive Precipitates on Filter Paper (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimating Total Absolute Activity of Small Radioactive Precipitates on Filter PaperP. T. Wagner, L. R. Pollack, and C. G. DonahoeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 3, 405–408Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60123a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60123a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurocognitive Endophenotypes in a Multiplex Multigenerational Family Study of Schizophrenia (2007)

In a multigenerational multiplex design, the authors demonstrated that neurocognitive measures are associated with schizophrenia, differentiate unaffected relatives from comparison subjects, and may have significant presumed heritability. Therefore, they are endophenotypes suitable for genetic studies. Accuracy and speed can be differentially sensitive to presumed genetic liability.
Spatial mask and diffusion filtering in surveillance video compression (2012)

A surveillance-centric video compression algorithm is discussed that exploits a background model, motion estimation, truncated difference correction, and entropy encoding. The algorithm's architecture allows tradeoffs between image quality and compression to target regions of salient activity. A set of window-based filters and heat diffusion PDEs is examined for impact on compression ratio and signal quality. Results show that filtering techniques are effective at reducing certain contributions to the data stream with minimal impact on image quality. Results from other compression codecs are included for comparison. The test set comprises a diverse range of surveillance scenes featuring vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
Semantic Segmentation With Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Images (2021)

Semantic segmentation for high-resolution remote sensing images is one of the most significant tasks in the field of remote sensing applications. Remote sensing images contain substantial detailed information of ground objects, such as shape, location, and texture. Therefore, these objects make the images exhibit large intraclass variance and small interclass variance, which makes it very difficult to be recognized. In this study, an end-to-end attention-based semantic segmentation network (SSAtNet) is proposed. A pyramid attention pooling module is proposed to introduce the attention mechanism into the multiscale module for adaptive features refinement. To correct the detailed information, the pooling index correction module integrates pooling index maps from the encoder with high-level feature maps, which can help recover the fine-grained features. In the encoder phase, a more effective ResNet-101 backbone is designed to capture detailed features. What is more, a series of data augmentation methods are proposed to enhance the model&#x2019;s robustness. The proposed model is compared with several previous advanced networks and achieves the state of the art on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset. The experiment results prove the effectiveness of the SSAtNet.
Protein methylation: a new mechanism of p53 tumor suppressor regulation. (2008)

The tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancers. The p53 protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor to regulate key cellular processes, including cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence in response to stress signals. P53 is maintained at a low level in the cell, but becomes rapidly stabilized and activated in response to DNA damage, hypoxia, hyperproliferation, and other types of cellular stresses. The stability and transcriptional activity of p53 are tightly regulated through multiple post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. Within the past few years, several studies have established that protein methylation is a novel mechanism by which p53 is regulated. Indeed, histone lysine methyltransferases KMT5 (Set9), KMT3C (Smyd2), and KMT5A (Set8) methylate p53 at specific C-terminal lysines. Lysine methylation enhances or suppresses p53 transcriptional activity depending on the methylation site. Furthermore, the lysine-specific demethylase KDM1 (LSD1) mediates p53 demethylation, which prevents p53 interaction with its co-activator 53BP1 to induce apoptosis. Finally, protein arginine methyltransferases CARM1 and PRMT1 are co-activators of p53 involved in the methylation of histones H3 and H4 to facilitate p53-mediated transcription. In response to cellular stresses, the interplay between p53 methylation, demethylation, and other post-translational modifications fine-tunes the activity of p53 to ultimately prevent tumor formation.
An Overview of the Evidence and Mechanisms of Herb–Drug Interactions (2012)

Despite the lack of sufficient information on the safety of herbal products, their use as alternative and/or complementary medicine is globally popular. There is also an increasing interest in medicinal herbs as precursor for pharmacological actives. Of serious concern is the concurrent consumption of herbal products and conventional drugs. Herb-drug interaction (HDI) is the single most important clinical consequence of this practice. Using a structured assessment procedure, the evidence of HDI presents with varying degree of clinical significance. While the potential for HDI for a number of herbal products is inferred from non-human studies, certain HDIs are well established through human studies and documented case reports. Various mechanisms of pharmacokinetic HDI have been identified and include the alteration in the gastrointestinal functions with consequent effects on drug absorption; induction and inhibition of metabolic enzymes and transport proteins; and alteration of renal excretion of drugs and their metabolites. Due to the intrinsic pharmacologic properties of phytochemicals, pharmacodynamic HDIs are also known to occur. The effects could be synergistic, additive, and/or antagonistic. Poor reporting on the part of patients and the inability to promptly identify HDI by health providers are identified as major factors limiting the extensive compilation of clinically relevant HDIs. A general overview and the significance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic HDI are provided, detailing basic mechanism, and nature of evidence available. An increased level of awareness of HDI is necessary among health professionals and drug discovery scientists. With the increasing number of plant-sourced pharmacological actives, the potential for HDI should always be assessed in the non-clinical safety assessment phase of drug development process. More clinically relevant research is also required in this area as current information on HDI is insufficient for clinical applications.
Formation of a Cr3+-rich luminescent thin phase along a grain boundary of .ALPHA.-Al2O3 (2011)

An α-Al2O3 bicrystal doped with Cr3+ was fabricated by diffusion bonding at high temperatures. It was found that a ruby phase with approximately 200 nm thickness was formed along the grain boundary. This thin phase shows Cr3+:Al2O3-induced luminescence, confirmed by confocal micro-luminescence spectroscopy.
Oracle Efficient Estimation and Forecasting with the Adaptive LASSO and the Adaptive Group LASSO in Vector Autoregressions (2012)

We show that the adaptive Lasso (aLasso) and the adaptive group Lasso (agLasso) are oracle efficient in stationary vector autoregressions where the number of parameters per equation is smaller than the number of observations. In particular, this means that the parameters are estimated consistently at root T rate, that the truly zero parameters are classiffied as such asymptotically and that the non-zero parameters are estimated as efficiently as if only the relevant variables had been included in the model from the outset. The group adaptive Lasso differs from the adaptive Lasso by dividing the covariates into groups whose members are all relevant or all irrelevant. Both estimators have the property that they perform variable selection and estimation in one step. We evaluate the forecasting accuracy of these estimators for a large set of macroeconomic variables. The Lasso is found to be the most precise procedure overall. The adaptive and the adaptive group Lasso are less stable but mostly perform at par with the common factor models.
Cardiolipin Synthetase Is Involved in Antagonistic Interaction (Reverse CAMP Phenomenon) of Mycoplasma Species with Staphylococcus aureus Beta-Hemolysis (2014)

Mycoplasma hyorhinis has been implicated in a variety of swine diseases. However, little is known about the hemolytic capabilities of Mycoplasma species in general or M. hyorhinis in particular. In this study, we show that M. hyorhinis possesses beta-hemolytic activity which may be involved in the invasion process. M. hyorhinis also possesses antagonistic cooperativity (reverse CAMP phenomenon) with Staphylococcus aureus beta-hemolysis, resulting in the protection of erythrocytes from the beta-hemolytic activity of S. aureus (reverse CAMP). The reversed CAMP phenomenon has been attributed to phospholipase D (PLD) activity. In silico analysis of the M. hyorhinis genome revealed the absence of the pld gene but the presence of the cls gene encoding cardiolipin synthetase, which contains two PLD active domains. The transformation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum that has neither the cls gene nor the reverse CAMP phenomenon with the cls gene from M. hyorhinis resulted in the reverse CAMP phenomenon, suggesting for the first time that reverse CAMP can be induced by cardiolipin synthetase.
A novel nanosilica/graphene oxide hybrid and its flame retarding epoxy resin with simultaneously improved mechanical, thermal conductivity, and dielectric properties (2015)

A novel nanosilica/graphene oxide hybrid was prepared, which can simultaneously improve the typical properties (dielectric, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties) and flame retardancy of epoxy resin.
Hyperbranched copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Four types of drug nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers were developed for the delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to breast cancer cells. These carriers have their hydrophobic interior layer composed of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn ® H30 or Boltorn ® H40, that are polymers of poly 2,2‐bis (methylol) propionic acid (bis‐MPA), while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of about 5 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of 5 or 10 kDa molecular weight. A chemotherapeutic drug DOX, was further encapsulated in the interior of these polymer micelles and was shown to exhibit a controlled release profile. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the NPs were uniformly sized with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm. DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs exhibited controlled release over longer periods of time and greater cytotoxicity compared with the other materials developed against our tested breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicated that the cancer cells could internalize the DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs, which contributed to the sustained drug release, and induced more apoptosis than free DOX did. These findings indicate that the H30‐PEG10k NPs may offer a very promising approach for delivering drugs to cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A Versatile Through-Metal-Wall Acoustic Power and Data Transfer Solution (2019)

This paper reports techniques to transfer power and data through metal walls by exploiting acoustic waves using innovative piezoelectric transducer mountings. Instead of permanently gluing piezoelectric elements on both sides of the metal wall as usually proposed, we studied two detachable and reusable solutions and study their associated power performances. These solutions allow to implement quickly Acoustic Power and Data Transfer (APDT) for in-situ demonstration of the technology. Power transmission efficiencies are equivalent to the ones reached with standard designs. These concepts could be applied to develop a portable equipment to supply sensors in closed or metallic operational environments. In addition, the maximum reachable efficiencies can be obtained directly by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), enabling the real-time observation of the evolution of power transfer efficiency when moving the transducers.
Rickettsia-Like Organism Causing Disease in a Crangonid Amphipod from Florida (1974)

A rickettsia-like organism causing high mortality and gross pathology has been found infecting over 40% of a population of the freshwater crustacean, Crangonyx (near) floridanus Bousfield, in Florida. This is the first report of a rickettsia-like organism from a strictly aquatic animal. Morphological and developmental stages of the organisms range in size and shape from small, dense bacilliform cells measuring 150 nm in diameter by 395 nm in length, to large sausage-shaped cells 0.5 by 3 μm.
Plant phenology: a critical controller of soil resource acquisition (2009)

Plant phenology, the timing of plant growth and development, is changing in response to global climate change. Changing temperature, soil moisture, nitrogen availability, light, and elevated CO(2) are all likely to affect plant phenology. Alteration of plant phenology by global climate change may alter the ability of plants to acquire soil resources (water and nutrients) by altering the timing and duration of the deployment of roots and leaves, which drive resource acquisition. The potential importance of phenologically-driven changes in soil resource acquisition for plant fitness and productivity have received little attention. General hypotheses are proposed for how plant acquisition of soil resources may be affected by the alteration of phenology. It is expected that the acquisition of mobile resources will be approximately proportional to total transpiration. Alteration of phenology that increases total transpiration should increase, while changes in phenology that reduce transpiration should decrease the acquisition of mobile resources. The acquisition of immobile resources will be approximately proportional to root length duration, thus changes in phenology that increase growth duration should increase the acquisition of immobile resources and vice versa. For both groups of resources, longer growing seasons would tend to increase resource acquisition, and shorter growing seasons would tend to decrease resource acquisition. In the case of resources that exhibit seasonal variability in availability, the synchrony of resource availability and acquisition capacity is important, and subject to disturbance by the alteration of phenology.
Manipulation of Impact Factors by Editors of Scientific Journals (2002)

Manipulation of Impact Factors by Editors of Scientific JournalsAnders Hemmingsson, , Thorkild Mygind, Arnulf Skjennald and Johan EdgrenAudio Available | Share
Continuous changes in the optical properties of liver tissue during laser‐induced interstitial thermotherapy (2001)

The optical properties of liver tissue change significantly under the influence of tissue heating, resulting in a decreased optical penetration depth. These changes occur mainly in the temperature range of 50 degrees C to 65 degrees C, corresponding to protein denaturation. To ensure a safe and effective procedure, an adjustment of the laser power to the actual penetration depth is recommended during therapy.
Performance of a MVE Algorithm for Compound Eye Image Reconstruction Using Lens Diversity (2006)

Reconstruction algorithms to compute a single improved resolution image from multiple lower resolution images have application in the design of cameras with flat form factors. The accuracy of these reconstructions depend on measurement noise, measurement quantization, the structure of the image acquisition system, and the accuracy of the image acquisition model. The paper compares the expected and simulated performance for reconstructions from multiple lower resolution images. The analysis shows that designs using lenses with different imaging characteristics significantly improve the theoretical performance results. In addition, lens diversity allows the reconstruction problem to be naturally partitioned into a set of loosely coupled smaller reconstructions that are computationally more manageable.
Circuit Models Of Phase-locked Semiconductor Laser Diode Arrays (2005)

In this work we present circuit models of semiconductor laser diode arrays. The models are based on the two lateral coupled laser rate equations. The circuit obtained and the small signal analysis results are discussed.
Electrochemical Lithiation of Silicon Clathrate-II (2012)

The clathrate-II compound NaxSi136 (x → 0) was synthesized as a precursor for electrochemical lithiation via sodium extraction from the Zintl-Phase NaSi. The final composition was determined to be Na1.3Si136 via a Rietveld refinement. Electrochemical lithiation of this clathrate-II compound yielded a potential plateau at 300 mV whose capacity is in good agreement with 24 lithium atoms being inserted in the clathrate-II structure. In order to prove this assumption, several clathrate-containing electrodes were prepared and electrochemically lithiated. Afterwards the electrode material was investigated using 7Li magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR spectroscopy. Two signals in a 2:1 ratio at extremely high chemical shifts of 412 and 433 ppm, respectively, relative to 1M aqueous lithium chloride solution, were detected and give the indisputable evidence that lithiation of the clathrate-II framework was successful. Hence, this work presents a new method for filling clathrate cages and moreover, the first lithium containing clathrate compound.
BRAIN NITRIC OXIDE CHANGES AFTER CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT INJURY IN RATS (1999)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 28th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Francisco, California, USA; January 23-27, 1999: Poster Symposia Presentations