gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor dHAND, a marker gene for the developing human sympathetic nervous system, is expressed in both high- and low-stage neuroblastomas. (1999)

Neuroblastoma is derived from the sympathetic nervous system and might arise as a result of impaired differentiation, retaining the neuroblastic tumor cells in the cell cycle. Thus, to understand the genesis of neuroblastoma, the study of mechanisms and genes regulating normal sympathetic development is of potential interest. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors human achaete-scute homolog-1 (HASH-1) and deciduum, heart, autonomic nervous system, and neural crest derivatives (dHAND) are expressed in the sympathetic nervous system of embryonic mice and chicken, with undetectable postnatal expression. By in situ hybridization technique, we show that dHAND was expressed by human sympathetic neuronal and extra-adrenal chromaffin cells throughout embryonic and fetal life, and was initially expressed in immature chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland. With overt chromaffin differentiation, dHAND was down-regulated. HASH-1, in contrast, was expressed in human sympathetic cells only at the earliest embryonic ages examined (Week 6.5 to 7). All examined neuroblastoma specimens (25/25) and all cell lines (5/5) had detectable dHAND mRNA levels. HASH-1 expression in tumor specimens was more restricted, although all cell lines (5/5) were HASH-1-positive. These results show that neuroblastoma tumors have retained embryonic features, suggesting that many neuroblastomas are blocked at an early stage of normal development when HASH-1 and dHAND are expressed. dHAND also appears to be a reliable and potentially useful clinical diagnostic marker for neuroblastoma, because expression was not dependent on tumor or differentiation stages and other pediatric tumors were dHAND-negative.
Modeling and performance analysis of the LUVOIR coronagraph instrument (2022)

Future space missions such as the Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) and the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, when equipped with coronagraphs with active wavefront control to suppress starlight, will allow the discovery and characterization of habitable exoplanets. The Extreme Coronagraph for Living Planetary Systems (ECLIPS) is the coronagraph instrument on the LUVOIR Surveyor mission concept, an 8- to 15-m segmented telescope. ECLIPS is split into three channels, namely, UV (200 to 400 nm), optical (400 to 850 nm), and near IR (850 nm to 2 μm), with each channel equipped with two deformable mirrors for wavefront control, a suite of coronagraph masks, a low-order/out-of-band wavefront sensor, and separate science imagers and spectrographs. The apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph and the vector vortex coronagraph are the baselined mask technologies for ECLIPS to enable the required 10 − 10 contrast for observations in the habitable zones of nearby stars for LUVOIR-A (15-m telescope) and LUVOIR-B (8-m telescope), respectively. Their performance depends on active wavefront sensing and control, as well as metrology subsystems to compensate for aberrations induced by segment errors (e.g., piston and tip/tilt), secondary mirror misalignment, and global low-order wavefront errors. Here, we present the latest results of the simulation of these effects for the LUVOIR coronagraph instrument and discuss the achieved contrast for exoplanet detection and characterization after closed-loop wavefront estimation and control algorithms have been applied. Finally, we show simulated observations using high-fidelity spatial and spectral input models of complete planetary systems generated with the Haystacks code framework.
Longitudinal Study to Develop and Evaluate the Impacts of a “Transformational” Undergraduate ECE Design Program: Study Results and Best Practices Report (2020)

Previous research identified influencers for transformative learning: critical awareness of culture, professional identity development, participation in communities of mentoring and learning, holistic skill integration through reflection, and development of professional integrity through affective awareness. To implement these Evidence-Based Instructional Practices (EBIPs), instructors at Oregon State University conducted a longitudinal study. Emancipatory Action Research (EAR) methodology was used to measure the effects of these influencers when integrated into a Capstone Design engineering program. The researchers found that both interventions did have significant impacts on students’ progression through a process of transformative learning because they reached a “crossroads of questioning.”
Discovery and Characterization of Peptide Inhibitors for Calcium and Integrin Binding Protein 1 (2020)

Calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1) is an EF-hand-containing, small intracellular protein that has recently been implicated in cancer cell survival and proliferation. In particular, CIB1 depletion significantly impairs tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, CIB1 is a potentially attractive target for cancer chemotherapy that has yet to be validated by a chemical probe. To produce a probe molecule to the CIB1 helix 10 (H10) pocket and demonstrate that it is a viable target for molecular intervention, we employed random peptide phage display to screen and select CIB1-binding peptides. The top peptide sequence selected, UNC10245092, was produced synthetically, and binding to CIB1 was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. Both assays showed that the peptide bound to CIB1 with low nanomolar affinity. CIB1 was cocrystallized with UNC10245092, and the 2.1 Å resolution structure revealed that the peptide binds as an α-helix in the H10 pocket, displacing the CIB1 C-terminal H10 helix and causing conformational changes in H7 and H8. UNC10245092 was further derivatized with a C-terminal Tat-derived cell penetrating peptide (CPP) to demonstrate its effects on TNBC cells in culture, which are consistent with results of CIB1 depletion. These studies provide a first-in-class chemical tool for CIB1 inhibition in cell culture and validate the CIB1 H10 pocket for future probe and drug discovery efforts.
Data Allocation Optimization for Hybrid Scratch Pad Memory With SRAM and Nonvolatile Memory (2012)

Embedded systems normally have a tight energy budget. Since the on-chip cache typically consumes 25%-50% of the processor's area and energy consumption, scratch pad memory (SPM), which is a software-controlled on-chip memory, has been widely adopted in many embedded systems due to its smaller area and lower power consumption. However, as the speed of the CMOS transistors increases along with density, leakage power consumption is becoming a critical issue for memory components with a large number of transistors. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid SPM which consists of static random-access memory (SRAM) and nonvolatile memory (NVM) to take advantage of the ultralow leakage power and high density of latter. A novel dynamic data management algorithm is also proposed to make use of the full potential of NVM. According to the experimental results, with the help of the proposed algorithm, the novel hybrid SPM architecture can reduce the memory access time by 18.17%, the dynamic energy by 24.29%, and the leakage power by 37.34% compared with a baseline pure SRAM SPM with the same area.
On the Unsaponifiable Matter and Phosphatide in Marine Algae Fat (1942)

Sapporo, Vol. ILIX
Estimates of Stiffness for Ankle-Foot Orthoses Are Sensitive to Loading Conditions (2010)

In Brief Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) can act like rotational springs to enhance gait function in individuals with motor impairments. The performance of an AFO during use is primarily a function of its mechanical stiffness properties. Hence, an objective analysis of AFO stiffness is crucial for future prescription and for understanding the contributions of AFO kinetics to gait performance. Valid stiffness estimates can be obtained if the loads applied to an AFO during stiffness testing replicate the loading conditions applied during gait. However, the sensitivity of AFO stiffness estimates to changes in loading conditions (location and directions of all applied forces) is unknown. This study explored the sensitivity of AFO stiffness estimates to the direction (angle) of applied loads by systematically altering the direction (angle) of applied loads to a prototype AFO during a stiffness testing procedure. The results indicate that AFO stiffness estimates are influenced by the angle of force application. Stiffness estimates for the prototype AFO changed 1% for each degree change in the angle of force application. This study highlights the importance of achieving congruent loading conditions during experimental stiffness testing and conditions during use when the goals are to prescribe and evaluate the kinetics associated with AFO performance. The performance of an AFO during use is primarily a function of its mechanical stiffness properties. Hence, an objective analysis of AFO stiffness is crucial for future prescription and for understanding the contributions of AFO kinetics to gait performance. However, the sensitivity of AFO stiffness estimates to changes in loading conditions (location and directions of all applied forces) is unknown. This study explored the sensitivity of AFO stiffness estimates to the direction (angle) of applied loads by systematically altering the direction (angle) of applied loads to a prototype AFO during a stiffness testing procedure.
Characterization of Site-Specific ScFv PEGylation for Tumor-Targeting Pharmaceuticals (2004)

New radiopharmaceuticals are possible using site-specific conjugation of small tumor binding proteins and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) scaffolds to provide modular multivalent, homo- or heterofunctional cancer-targeting molecules having preferred molecular size, valence, and functionality. Residence time in plasma can be optimized by modification of the size, number, and charge of the protein units. However, random PEG conjugation (PEGylation) of these small molecules via amine groups has led to variations of structural conformation and binding affinity. To optimize PEGylation, scFvs have been recombinantly produced in a vector that adds an unpaired cysteine (c) near the scFv carboxy terminus (scFv-c), thus providing a specific site for thiol conjugation. To evaluate the general applicability of this unpaired cysteine for PEGylation of scFv-c, conjugation efficiency was determined for four different scFvs and several PEG molecules having thiol reactive groups. The effect of the PEG molecular format on scFv-c PEG malignant cell binding was also addressed. ScFvs produced as scFv-c and purified by anti E-TAG affinity chromatography were conjugated using PEG molecules with maleimide (Mal) or o-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS). Conjugations were performed at pH 7.0, with 2 molar excess TCEP/scFv and PEG-(Mal) or PEG-OPSS, using 5:1 (PEG/scFv). PEG-Mal conjugation efficiency was also evaluated with 1:5 (PEG/scFv). PEGylation efficiency was determined for each reaction by quantitation of the products on SDS-PAGE. ScFv-c conjugation with unifunctional maleimide PEGs resulted in PEG conjugates incorporating 30-80% of the scFv-c, but usually above 50%. Efficiency of scFv-c conjugation to both functional groups of the bifunctional PEG-(Mal)2 varied between the PEG and scFv-c molecules studied. A maximum of 45% of scFv-c protein was conjugated as PEG- (scFv-c)2 using the smallest PEG-(Mal)2 (2 kDa). No significant increase in scFv-c conjugation was observed by the use of greater than a 5 molar excess of PEG/scFv-c. Under the same conjugation conditions, PEG as OPSS yielded less than 10% PEG-scFv-c. PEG-(scFv)2 conjugates had increased binding in ELISA using malignant cell membranes, when compared with unmodified scFv-c. PEGylated-scFv binding was comparable with unmodified scFv-c. In summary, scFv-c can be PEGylated in a site-specific manner using uni- or bivalent PEG-Mal, either linear or branched. ScFv-c was most efficiently conjugated to smaller PEG-Mal molecules, with the smallest, 2 kDa PEG-Mal, usually PEGylating 60-90% of the scFv-c. ScFv-c conjugation to form PEG-(scFv-c)2 reached greatest efficiency at 45%, and its purified form demonstrated greater binding than the corresponding scFv-c.
An automated workflow for parallel processing of large multiview SPIM recordings (2015)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The understanding and elimination of some suspension instabilities in an electrophoretic display (1978)

The performance and appearance of an electrophoretic display is strongly dependent on the stability of the colloidal suspension in the device. Two primary degradation modes in a suspension have been identified. One is classified as pigment agglomeration which is caused by an insufficient repulsive barrier between particles; the other is classified as pigment clustering which is caused by fluid motion within the cell. Both forms of instabilities are detrimental to the life of the display. The concept of colloid stability will be reviewed briefly and its relation to the image device will be discussed. The mechanism by which the suspension instabilities develop and the methods by which they can be eliminated will be described. Properly stabilized suspensions in a device have survived in excess of 2.5×108 switches (15 600 h) with no serious signs of degradation.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Evaluation of Novel Imidazotetrazine Analogues Designed to Overcome Temozolomide Resistance and Glioblastoma Regrowth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. DNA damage signaling activated by low concentrations of DP68. U251 and T98G cells were exposed to DP68 for 24 hrs and whole cell and nuclear extracts were processed for Western blotting. Representative blots from three independent experiments are shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Antenna mean wind torques: a comparison of field and wind-tunnel data (2005)

Accurate information about the action of wind on antennas is required for the sizing of antenna motors and for reliable prediction of antenna pointing errors in windy weather. For these purposes, wind-tunnel data were obtained 40 years ago, using a scaled antenna model. However, their accuracy has been challenged, since they have not yet been verified in a field environment (i.e., for a full-sized antenna, with real wind instead of a steady air flow, and with the influences of the actual terrain, etc.). The purpose of this investigation was to obtain appropriate field measurements, compare them with the available wind-tunnel data, and verify the usefulness of the wind-tunnel data. For this purpose, we measured the steady-state (mean) wind torques of the NASA Deep Space Network 34-meter antenna, calculated the dimensionless wind torques for a variety of wind yaw angles and antenna elevation angles, and compared them with the wind-tunnel data. The results showed that the differences between the wind-tunnel torques and the field torques were less than 10%.
Cost effectiveness of mass screening for coeliac disease is determined by time‐delay to diagnosis and quality of life on a gluten‐free diet (2010)

Our model suggests that mass screening for coeliac disease of the young-adult general population is associated with improved QALYs and is a cost effectiveness strategy. Shortening of the time-delay to diagnosis by heightened awareness of health-care professionals may be a valid alternative to screening.
Using Lignin as an Asphalt Antioxidant (2008)

Lignin as an antioxidant in asphalt binder could help slow oxidative aging and delay pavement failures and aging problems.
Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury in the Primary Care Setting (2016)

Background: TBI is being re-conceptualized as a chronic disease causative agent rather than as a single, acute event.This study examined how familiar family medicine physicians (PCPs) are with TBI and their level of confidence in treating TBI sequelae likely to be seen in primary care.We also examined PCP attitudes regarding care for post-acute mild TBI and moderate/severe TBI in primary care and how recently the respondent had cared for a mild TBI and/or moderate/severe TBI patient.Methods: The study featured a mixed methods study design.A survey was administered on paper and electronically.A semi-structured qualitative interview guide was developed based upon survey responses.Descriptive statistics were calculated.
Feasibility study of imaging fast neural activity in retinal tissue using Electrical Impedance Tomography (2017)

Electrical Impedance Tomography has been recently applied to image fast neural activity in the somatosensory cerebral cortex. This non-invasive imaging modality has the unique advantage of high spatial-temporal resolution in millimeters over milliseconds. This work was designed to test an existing 32-channel EIT system, a modified UCL ScouseTom, and to discuss the feasibility of imaging neural activity in retinal tissue through computer simulation. The finite element method was used to model a retinal slice with a realistic conductivity-depth profile of the macaque eye. The conductivity perturbation was simulated in five different layers of the model. 5μV<sub>RMS</sub> white noise was added to boundary voltages. Simulation results showed that it is feasible to apply EIT in retinal tissue but the injection current is near threshold of unwanted phosphenes induction. Therefore the suggested future work are validating threshold current through animal experiments, developing electrodes with low contact impedance and mitigating noise through averaging.
Topology-Theoretic Approach To Address Attribute Linkage Attacks In Differential Privacy (2021)

Differential Privacy (DP) is well-known for its strong privacy guarantee. In this paper, we show that when there are correlations among attributes in the dataset, only relying on DP is not sufficient to defend against the "attribute linkage attack", which is a well-known privacy attack aiming at deducing participant's attribute information. Our contributions are 1 we show that the attribute linkage attack can be initiated with high probability even when data are protected under DP, 2 we propose an enhanced DP standard called "APL-Free ∈-DP", 3 by leveraging on topology theory, we design an algorithm "APLKiller" which satisfies this standard. Finally, experiments show that our algorithm not only eliminates the attribute linkage attack, but also achieves better data utility.
SAXS and the Gas Transport in Polyether-block-polyamide Copolymer Membranes (2003)

Membranes from polyether-block-polyamide (PEBA) polymers with varying chemical composition (PEBAX), cast from 1-butanol and cyclohexanol, are studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dry and water-swollen, and as a function of strain. The nanostructure from soft and hard domains is determined. The typical hard domain thickness is 6 nm, and the long period is 17 nm for all grades. Gas transport parameters (permeability, diffusivity, solubility) are determined for He, H2, CO2, O2, N2, and CH4. Increase of polyether domain thickness leads to an increased permeability, but imperfect microphase separation contributes to gas transport properties on the same order of magnitude. Utilizing the interface distribution function (IDF) and the multidimensional chord distribution function (CDF) analysis, we find that the nanostructure of PEBA materials with a high soft block content is hardly changed by variation of casting solvent or water content. Damage of the hard domains occurs during straining. The nanostructure of PEBA materials with a soft block content close to 50% (“balanced”) is a function of the casting solvent. Membranes cast from cyclohexanol exhibit a decreased hard domain fraction caused from a declined phase separation. When the hard domains become too small, early failure upon straining is observed. One of the balanced materials exhibits an irregular domain structure; the other two form lamellar stacks with a different degree of order. Swelling in water is controlled by the chemical structure of the blocks. In the PEO/PA6 copolymer both soft and hard phase swell. The swellable PTMeO/PA12 copolymer shows growth of the soft domains only. Moderate elongation of the materials with a lamellar structure leads to orientation of the hard domain slabs parallel to the direction of strain. The extension of the slabs is <15 nm. Further elongation induces a microfibrillar structure with increasing heterogeneity. The most probable distance of two neighboring hard domains in the microfibril along the straining direction (long period) remains constant, but the shape of the long period distribution becomes skewed. When domains are destroyed during elongation, there is a tendency to form an orthorhombic macrolattice of almost spherical fragments in addition to the microfibrils.
Point resistance of sheet shaped foundations in sands with consideration of skin friction (2017)

In order to calculate bearing capacities of foundations installed in the ground, surcharges due to soil weight has to be known as a boundary stress condition. Equivalent surcharges are conventionally assumed to calculate them. However, the boundary condition seems to influence on the calculation results. In this paper, a formula for the proper surcharge distribution which can take account of an effect of frictions at interface between the foundation and the soil is proposed, and then the formula is introduced into the bearing capacity calculations. As a result of the calculations, reductions in the bearing capacities are observed.
Compounds in the series from boron subphthalocyanine to boron subnaphthalocyanine (2000)

The four compounds in the series from chloro[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) to chlo-ro[subnaphthalocyaninato]boron(III) were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. To obtain a more soluble set of compounds, the mixture was then reacted with the sodium salt of trihexylsilanol. This mixture was separated by chromatography to provide trihexylsiloxy[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III), trihexylsiloxy[ Sub N 1 P 2 ]boron(III), trihexylsiloxy[ Sub N 2 P 1 ]boron(III) and trihexylsiloxy[subnaphthalocyaninato]boron(III). These compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR , EI-MS and UV-vis. They show interesting spectral features in the visible region.
Regulated AtHKT1 Gene Expression by a Distal Enhancer Element and DNA Methylation in the Promoter Plays an Important Role in Salt Tolerance (2010)

Through sos3 (salt overly sensitive 3) suppressor screening, two allelic suppressor mutants that are weak alleles of the strong sos3 suppressor sos3hkt1-1 were recovered. Molecular characterization identified T-DNA insertions in the distal promoter region of the Arabidopsis thaliana HKT1 (AtHKT1, At4g10310) in these two weak sos3 suppressors, which results in physical separation of a tandem repeat from the proximal region of the AtHKT1 promoter. The tandem repeat is approximately 3.9 kb upstream of the ATG start codon and functions as an enhancer element to promote reporter gene expression. A putative small RNA target region about 2.6 kb upstream of the ATG start codon is heavily methylated. CHG and CHH methylation but not CG methylation is significantly reduced in the small RNA biogenesis mutant rdr2, indicating that non-CG methylation in this region is mediated by small RNAs. Analysis of AtHKT1 expression in rdr2 suggests that non-CG methylation in the putative small RNA target region represses AtHKT1 expression in shoots. The DNA methylation-deficient mutant met1-3 has nearly complete loss of total cytosine methylation in the putative small RNA target region and is hypersensitive to salt stress. The putative small RNA target region and the tandem repeat are essential for maintaining AtHKT1 expression patterns crucial for salt tolerance.