gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Treatments on Microstructure Formation in&lt;tex&gt;$rm MgB_2$&lt;/tex&gt;/YSZ/Hastelloy Film (2005)

Annealing processes in MgB/sub 2/ films deposited on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-buffered Hastelloy substrates were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The MgB/sub 2/ films with Mg-rich compositions were fabricated at room temperature using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The as-deposited films do not exhibit clear superconducting transitions, and have inhomogeneous microstructures composed of amorphous regions and a small amount of crystalline MgB/sub 2/ and MgO with several tens of nm in size. Various sizes of voids are also incorporated within the amorphous regions. After the annealing at 600 or 680/spl deg/C, the films exhibit clear superconducting transitions. The amorphous regions crystallize into fine grains of MgB/sub 2/ or MgO 5-50 nm in size. The voids remain in the annealed films and their sizes depend on the annealing condition. Magnesium-and oxygen-rich layers are formed near the MgB/sub 2//YSZ interface and the film surface. It is suggested that the finer grains of MgB/sub 2/ and MgO obtained by the lower-temperature annealing give a larger critical current density under a high magnetic field.
Provision of Ancillary Services by different Decentralized Energy Resources (2019)

Modern power systems frequently operate near to critical operating limits due to the shut-off of many conventional power plants caused by the integration of renewable energy sources in the grid. In the past, primary control was mainly provided by synchronous generators to stabilize the grid frequency in case of large disturbances. Due to the expansion of renewable energy sources, the system inertia and the provision of primary control will decrease. As a result, the frequency will become more sensitive in case of an imbalance between production and consumption of electric energy. To ensure a stable system operation in future networks, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) must provide frequency containment reserve. However, the different control schemes of the Distributed Energy Resource (DER) may cause mutual interferences which may lead to dynamic instabilities. Therefore, it is important to not only analyse one type of DER in a simulation model but to research the interplay of different technologies and control schemes. In this paper, four DER, namely Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Power, and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant, are modelled and validated in a simplified test system to analyse the interactions between the frequency control algorithms and recommendations for the parameterisation of such controllers are given.
Nonlinear optical intensity filters: experiment and design rules (2002)

A noise regeneration experiment with a highly asymmetric nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is compared with numerical calculations. For different fiber types, NOLM design rules for noise reduction and high bit rate application are given.
Hybrid scatterometry measurement for BEOL process control (2017)

Scaling of interconnect design rules in advanced nodes has been accompanied by a reducing metrology budget for BEOL process control. Traditional inline optical metrology measurements of BEOL processes rely on 1-dimensional (1D) film pads to characterize film thickness. Such pads are designed on the assumption that solid copper blocks from previous metallization layers prevent any light from penetrating through the copper, thus simplifying the effective film stack for the 1D optical model. However, the reduction of the copper thickness in each metallization layer and CMP dishing effects within the pad, have introduced undesired noise in the measurement. To resolve this challenge and to measure structures that are more representative of product, scatterometry has been proposed as an alternative measurement. Scatterometry is a diffraction based optical measurement technique using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA), where light diffracted from a periodic structure is used to characterize the profile. Scatterometry measurements on 3D structures have been shown to demonstrate strong correlation to electrical resistance parameters for BEOL Etch and CMP processes. However, there is significant modeling complexity in such 3D scatterometry models, in particlar due to complexity of front-end-of-line (FEOL) and middle-of-line (MOL) structures. The accompanying measurement noise associated with such structures can contribute significant measurement error. To address the measurement noise of the 3D structures and the impact of incoming process variation, a hybrid scatterometry technique is proposed that utilizes key information from the structure to significantly reduce the measurement uncertainty of the scatterometry measurement. Hybrid metrology combines measurements from two or more metrology techniques to enable or improve the measurement of a critical parameter. In this work, the hybrid scatterometry technique is evaluated for 7nm and 14nm node BEOL measurements of interlayer dielectric (ILD) thickness, hard mask thickness and dielectric trench etch in complex 3D structures. The data obtained from the hybrid scatterometry technique demonstrates stable measurement precision, improved within wafer and wafer to wafer range, robustness in cases where 3D scatterometry measurements incur undesired shifts in the measurements, accuracy as compared to TEM and correlation to process deposition time. Process capability indicator comparisons also demonstrate improvement as compared to conventional scatterometry measurements. The results validate the suitability of the method for monitoring of production BEOL processes.
Induction of Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance by Erythromycin Preconditioning Reprograms the Transcriptional Response to Ischemia and Suppresses Inflammation (2007)

These findings present a new molecular correlate for the induction of ischemic tolerance achieved by erythromycin preconditioning and will further the understanding of this clinically important new regimen of preemptive neuroprotection.
EFFECTIVE TRANSSCLERAL DELIVERY OF TWO RETINAL ANTI-ANGIOGENIC MOLECULES (2005)

Both CAI and 2ME2 traverse the sclera efficiently. These data combined with the reported inhibition of posterior segment neovascularization observed with these two molecules demonstrates that CAI and 2ME2 are good candidate molecules to treat posterior segment neovascularization by local delivery.
Synthesis, characterization and FET properties of novel dithiazolylbenzothiadiazole derivatives (2005)

Dithiazolylbenzothiadiazoles easily obtained have high electron affinity and the FET device of a trifluoromethylphenyl derivative exhibited a good n-type performance with high electron mobility.
Computer aided design of software systems (1979)

This paper presents results of studies conducted at Hughes Aircraft Company into automated aids for designing large software systems. In particular, we describe two automated tools that have been developed to establish the feasibility of aiding the construction, modification, and goodness testing of large structure charts of software modules. Further, we present conclusions of studies which establish software system design engineering principles that are necessary for disciplined software development. We conclude by proposing a system which incorporates these engineering principles and the experience gained from using current automated tools into a forward thinking computer aided software design system.
Synthesis of 1-Alkylamino-4-bromopentane Derivatives and of Other Amino Halides1 (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1-Alkylamino-4-bromopentane Derivatives and of Other Amino Halides1Robert C. Elderfield, Walter J. Gensler, Frederick Brody, James D. Head, S. C. Dickerman, Louis Wiederhold III, Chester B. Kremer, Howard A. Hageman, Frank J. Kreysa, John M. Griffing, S. Morris Kupchan, Bernice Newman, and John T. MaynardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 8, 1579–1584Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01212a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01212a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The late X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (2007)

We have developed a functional fit which can be used to represent the entire temporal decay of the X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The fit delineates and parameterizes well-defined phases for the decay: the prompt emission; an initial steep decay; a shallow plateau phase; and finally, a powerlaw afterglow. For 20% of GRBs, the plateau phase is weak, or not seen, and the initial powerlaw decay becomes the final afterglow.We compare the temporal decay parameters and X-ray spectral indices for 107 GRBs discovered by Swift with the expectations of the standard fireball model including a search for possible jet breaks. For approximately 50% of GRBs, the observed afterglow is in accord with the model, but for the rest the temporal and spectral properties are not as expected. We identify a few possible jet breaks, but there are many examples where such breaks are predicted but are absent. We also find that the start time of the final afterglow decay, Ta, is associated with the peak of the prompt gamma-ray emission spectrum, Epeak, just as optical jet-break times, tj, are associated with Epeak in the Ghirlanda relation.
OPNET Simulation of Self-organizing Restorable SONET Mesh Transport Networks (1998)

No evidence was found to suggest that a higher mean plasma magnesium concentration improves clinical outcomes. On the contrary, we found an association between high plasma magnesium concentration and worse clinical outcomes.
Mixed logit model of intended residential mobility in renovated historical blocks in China (2016)

Using data from 8 historical blocks in China, the influence of socialdemographic characteristics and residential satisfaction on intended residentialmobility is analysed. The results of a mixed logit model indicate that higher residential satisfaction will lead to a lower intention to move house, and that housing satisfaction and satisfaction with the residential environment have a higher impact compared with satisfaction related to other life domains. Younger residents and residents who live in blocks during early or late renovation are more interested in relocating.
Giant exchange coupling and field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization in Gd2@C79N with a single-electron Gd–Gd bond (2018)

Magnetic properties of the azafullerene Gd<sub>2</sub>@C<sub>79</sub>N are studied by SQUID magnetometry. The effective exchange coupling constant j<sub>Gd,e</sub> between the Gd spins and the spin of unpaired electron residing on the single-electron Gd-Gd bond is determined to be 170 ± 10 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Low temperature AC measurements revealed field-induced millisecond-long relaxation of magnetization.
Active Hybrid Control Algorithm with Sky-Hook Damping and Lead-Lag Phase Compensation for Multi-DOFs Ultra-Low Frequency Active Vibration Isolation System (2017)

With the improvement of performance in the ultra-precision manufacturing engineering, the requirements for vibration isolation have become more stringent. In order to obtain a wider effective bandwidth and a higher performance of a multi-DOFs active vibration isolation system (AVIS), active hybrid control (AHC) technology is applied in this paper. AHC technology comprises a feedback active control (FBAC) technology and a feedforward active control (FFAC) technology. Absolute velocity feedback is employed to establish a sky-hook damping technology in FBAC technology. Velocity feedforward of base platform is adopted to build a lead-lag phase compensation (LLPC) technology in FFAC technology. Further, a coordinate vector conversion from unit level to system level is mentioned to describe the dynamic characteristic of the six DOFs AVIS applied in the ultra-precision field. And with the assistance of the transformed coordinate vector, the dynamic model of system level is built. Based on the establishment of the dynamic model and the research of AHC, an experimental platform which constitutes three vibration isolators and a real-time active control system is set up. The experimental results indicate that the amplitude of the resonant peak is further reduced significantly, compared to the general feedback control. And simultaneously active effective bandwidth is extended. AHC technology with sky-hook damping algorithm and LLPC control algorithm is verified to be more effective.
Development of a Bifunctional Aptamer Targeting the Transferrin Receptor and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) for the Treatment of Brain Cancer Metastases (2016)

The treatment of brain disorders is greatly hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which restricts the overwhelming majority of small molecules from entering the brain. A novel approach by which to overcome this barrier is to target receptor mediated transport mechanisms present on the endothelial cell membranes. Therefore, we fused an aptamer that binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule-expressing cancer cells to an aptamer targeting the transferrin receptor. This generated a proof of concept bifunctional aptamer that can overcome the blood-brain barrier and potentially specifically target brain disorders. The initial fusion of the two sequences enhanced the binding affinity of both aptamers while maintaining specificity. Additionally, mutations were introduced into both binding loops to determine their effect on aptamer specificity. The ability of the aptamer to transcytose the blood-brain barrier was then confirmed in vivo following a 1 nmol injection. This study has shown that through the fusion of two aptamer sequences, a bifunctional aptamer can be generated that has the potential to be developed for the specific treatment of brain disorders.
Comparative study of biphasic calcium phosphates with different HA/TCP ratios in mandibular bone defects. A long‐term histomorphometric study in minipigs (2008)

Three biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute materials with hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ratios of 20/80, 60/40, and 80/20 were compared to coagulum, particulated autogenous bone, and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in membrane-protected bone defects. The defects were prepared in the mandibles of 24 minipigs that were divided into four groups of six with healing times of 4, 13, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively. The histologic and histomorphometric evaluation focused on differences in amount and pattern of bone formation, filler degradation, and the interface between bone and filler. Collapse of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membrane into the coagulum defects underlined the necessity of a filler material to maintain the augmented volume. Quantitatively, BCP 20/80 showed bone formation and degradation of the filler material similar to autografts, whereas BCP 60/40 and BCP 80/20 rather equaled DBBM. Among the three BCP's, the amount of bone formation and degradation of filler material seemed to be inversely proportional to the HA/TCP ratio. The fraction of filler surface covered with bone was highest for autografts at all time points and was higher for DBBM than BCP 80/20 and 60/40 at the early healing phase. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were identified on BCP and DBBM surfaces without showing typical signs of resorption lacunae.
Understanding User Satisfaction with Intelligent Assistants (2016)

Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants, such as Cortana, Google Now, Siri and Alexa, are increasingly becoming a part of users' daily lives, especially on mobile devices. They introduce a significant change in information access, not only by introducing voice control and touch gestures but also by enabling dialogues where the context is preserved. This raises the need for evaluation of their effectiveness in assisting users with their tasks. However, in order to understand which type of user interactions reflect different degrees of user satisfaction we need explicit judgements. In this paper, we describe a user study that was designed to measure user satisfaction over a range of typical scenarios of use: controlling a device, web search, and structured search dialogue. Using this data, we study how user satisfaction varied with different usage scenarios and what signals can be used for modeling satisfaction in the different scenarios. We find that the notion of satisfaction varies across different scenarios, and show that, in some scenarios (e.g. making a phone call), task completion is very important while for others (e.g. planning a night out), the amount of effort spent is key. We also study how the nature and complexity of the task at hand affects user satisfaction, and find that preserving the conversation context is essential and that overall task-level satisfaction cannot be reduced to query-level satisfaction alone. Finally, we shed light on the relative effectiveness and usefulness of voice-controlled intelligent agents, explaining their increasing popularity and uptake relative to the traditional query-response interaction.
Improving the Numerical Accuracy of High Performance Computing Programs by Process Specialization (2018)

In high performance computing, nearly all the implementations and published experiments use floating-point arithmetic. However, since floating-point numbers are finite approximations of real numbers, it may result in hazards because of the accumulated errors. These round-off errors may cause damages whose gravity varies depending on the critical level of the application. To deal with this issue, we have developed a tool which im- proves the numerical accuracy of computations by automatically transforming programs in a source-to-source manner. Our transformation, relies on static analysis by abstract interpretation and operates on pieces of code with assignments, conditionals, loops, functions and arrays. In this article, we apply our techniques to optimize a parallel program representative of the high performance computing domain. Parallelism introduces new numerical accuracy problems due to the order of operations in this kind of systems. We are also interested in studying the compromise between execution time and numerical accuracy.
Loss of the membrane anchor of the target receptor is a mechanism of bioinsecticide resistance (2002)

The mosquitocidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus is because of a binary toxin (Bin), which binds to Culex pipiens maltase 1 (Cpm1), an alpha-glucosidase present in the midgut of Culex pipiens larvae. In this work, we studied the molecular basis of the resistance to Bin developed by a strain (GEO) of C. pipiens. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization experiments showed that Cpm1 was undetectable in the midgut of GEO larvae, although the gene was correctly transcribed. The sequence of the cpm1(GEO) cDNA differs from the sequence we previously reported for a susceptible strain (cpm1(IP)) by seven mutations: six missense mutations and a mutation leading to the premature termination of translation. When produced in insect cells, Cpm1(IP) was attached to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). In contrast, the premature termination of translation of Cpm1(GEO) resulted in the targeting of the protein to the extracellular compartment because of truncation of the GPI-anchoring site. The interaction between Bin and Cpm1(GEO) and the enzyme activity of the receptor were not affected. Thus, Bin is not toxic to GEO larvae because it cannot interact with the midgut cell membrane, even though its receptor site is unaffected. This mechanism contrasts with other known resistance mechanisms in which point mutations decrease the affinity of binding between the receptor and the toxin.
Ku‐band printed quadrifilar helical antenna with integrated feeding network (2003)

Abstract This paper presents an integrally formed printed quadrifilar helical antenna (PQHA) and balun‐fed network combination for satellite communication systems in Ku‐band. At this frequency band, we demonstrate that the antenna can be simply realized and will demonstrate good radiation characteristics. Analysis of this antenna is achieved by the FDTD method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 219–221, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11334
Laser assisted modification of poled silver-doped nanocomposite soda-lime glass (2013)

Thermal poling assisted homogenization of polydisperse Ag nanoparticles embedded in the soda-lime glass is demonstrated. The homogenization leads to the narrowing of the localized surface plasmon resonance. The subsequent irradiation with linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses induces spectrally defined and four times larger dichroism than in non-poled sample.
Looking Farther in Parametric Scene Parsing with Ground and Aerial Imagery (2020)

Parametric models that represent layout in terms of scene attributes are an attractive avenue for road scene understanding in autonomous navigation. Prior works that rely only on ground imagery are limited by the narrow field of view of the camera, occlusions and perspective foreshortening. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using aerial imagery as an additional modality to overcome the above challenges. We propose a novel DNN architecture, Unified, that combines features from both aerial and ground imagery to infer scene attributes. We quantitatively evaluate on the KITTI dataset and show that our Unified model outperforms prior works. Since this dataset is limited to road scenes close to the vehicle, we supplement the publicly available Argoverse dataset with scene attribute annotations and evaluate on far-away scenes. We show both quantitatively and qualitatively, the importance of aerial imagery in understanding road scenes, especially in regions farther away from the ego-vehicle. All code, models, and data, including scene attribute annotations on the Argoverse dataset can found in this public repository.