gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Time-dependent parameter of perfusion imaging as independent predictor of clinical outcome in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (2016)

CT Angiography of the patient shown in Fig.Â 2. (TIF 1426 kb)
Inter-limb coordination in swimming: Effect of speed and skill level (2009)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of swimming speed and skill level on inter-limb coordination and its intra-cyclic variability. The elbow-knee continuous relative phase (CRP) was used as the order parameter to analyze upper-lower limbs coupling during a complete breaststroke cycle. Twelve recreational and 12 competitive female swimmers swam 25m at a slow speed and 25m at maximal speed. Underwater and aerial side views were mixed and genlocked with an underwater frontal view. The angle, angular velocity, and phase were calculated for the knee and elbow by digitizing body marks on the side view. Three cycles were analyzed, filtered, averaged, and normalized in percentage of the total cycle duration. The competitive swimmers showed greater intra-cyclic CRP variability, indicating a combination of intermediate phase and in-phase knee-elbow coupling within a cycle. This characteristic was more marked at slow speed because more time was spent in the glide period of the stroke cycle, with the body completely extended. Conversely, because they spent less time in the glide, the recreational swimmers showed lower intra-cyclic CRP variability (which is mostly in the in-phase coordination mode), resulting in superposition of contradictory actions (propulsion of one limb during the recovery of the other limb).
Optimum MIMO-OFDM Receivers with Imperfect Channel State Information (2008)

Channel estimation inaccuracy is known to affect significantly the error performance of coded communication systems.This applies in particular to broadband MIMO channels, often considered in conjunction with OFDM such as in the IEEE 802.11n and 802.16 standards.The focus of this work is on an 802.11n compliant MIMO-OFDM communication system.Different channel estimation techniques (based on pilot symbol insertion) are considered and their relevant error performance is analyzed.More specifically, genie-aided, mismatched, and optimum channel estimation techniques are studied with special emphasis on the last one as far as concerns the relative error performance versus complexity trade-off in suboptimum implementation.It is shown that the optimum receiver can be implemented by limiting the channel processing to the dominant eigenmodes, in order to reduce the ensuing complexity.The approach followed in this work may be seen as an extension of previous results relevant to the narrowband MIMO channel.
Adjuvant Therapy in Pancreas Cancer: Does It Influence Patterns of Recurrence? (2016)

This is the first analysis demonstrating differences in recurrence patterns in PDAC patients based on type of adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy provided an OS advantage likely related to its effect on reducing both LR and DR. Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy appears to decrease LR, but not DR, and therefore has less impact on OS. Future investigations and treatment protocols should consider additional ACT rather than ACRT in the treatment of PDAC.
Nanoparticle Engineering Processes for Enhancing the Dissolution Rates of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs (2004)

Poor water solubility is an industry wide issue, especially for pharmaceutical scientists in drug discovery and drug development. In recent years, nanoparticle engineering processes have become promising approaches for the enhancement of dissolution rates of poorly water soluble drugs. Nanoparticle engineering enables manufacturing of poorly water soluble drugs into nanoparticles alone, or incorporation with a combination of pharmaceutical excipients. The use of these processes has dramatically improved in vitro dissolution rates and in vivo bioavailabilities of many poorly water soluble drugs. This review highlights several commercially or potentially commercially available nanoparticle engineering processes recently reported in the literature for increasing the dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drugs.
Design and Experiment of a Prescribed-Time Trajectory Tracking Controller for a 7-DOF Robot Manipulator (2022)

Abstract We present an analytical design and experimental verification of trajectory tracking control of a 7-DOF robot manipulator, which achieves convergence of all tracking errors to the origin within a finite terminal time, also referred to as the “settling time.” A key feature of this control strategy is that the settling time is explicitly assigned by the control designer to a value desired, or “prescribed” by the user and that the settling time is independent of the initial conditions and of the reference signal. In order to achieve this beneficial property with the controller, a scaling of the state by a function of time that grows unbounded toward the terminal time is employed. Through Lyapunov analysis, we first demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves regulation of all tracking errors within the prescribed time as well as the uniform boundedness of the joint torques, even in the presence of a matched, nonvanishing disturbance. Then, through both simulation and experiment, we demonstrate that the proposed controller is capable of converging to the desired trajectory within the prescribed time, despite large distance between the initial conditions and the reference trajectory, i.e., in spite of large initial tracking errors, and in spite of a sinusoidal disturbance being applied in each joint.
Phishing Websites Detection based on Phishing Characteristics in the Webpage Source Code (2011)

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards organization for the World Wide Web (www). It develops standards, specifications and recommendations to enhance the interoperability and maximize consensus about the content of the web and define major parts of what makes the World Wide Web work. Phishing is a type of Internet scams that seeks to get a user‟s credentials by fraud websites, such as passwords, credit card numbers, bank account details and other sensitive information. There are some characteristics in webpage source code that distinguish phishing websites from legitimate websites and violate the w3c standards, so we can detect the phishing attacks by check the webpage and search for these characteristics in the source code file if it exists or not. In this paper, we propose a phishing detection approach based on checking the webpage source code, we extract some phishing characteristics out of the W3C standards to evaluate the security of the websites, and check each character in the webpage source code, if we find a phishing character, we will decrease from the initial secure weight. Finally we calculate the security percentage based on the final weight, the high percentage indicates secure website and others indicates the website is most likely to be a phishing website. We check two webpage source codes for legitimate and phishing websites and compare the security percentages between them, we find the phishing website is less security percentage than the legitimate website; our approach can detect the phishing website based on checking phishing characteristics in the webpage source code.
A distributed architecture for phishing detection using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (2008)

With the variety of applications in mobile devices, such devices are no longer deemed calling gadgets merely. Various applications are used to browse the Internet, thus access financial data, and store sensitive personal information. In consequence, mobile devices are exposed to several types of attacks. Specifically, phishing attacks can easily take advantage of the limited or lack of security and defense applications therein. Furthermore, the limited power, storage, and processing capabilities render machine learning techniques inapt to classify phishing and spam emails in such devices. The present study proposes a distributed architecture hinging on machine learning approaches to detect phishing emails in a mobile environment based on a modified version of Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). Apparently, BART suffers from high computational time and memory overhead, therefore, distributed algorithms are proposed to accommodate detection applications in resource constrained wireless environments.
Determination of optical technology experiments for a satellite (1965)

Optical technology experiments for satellite - communications, acquisition, tracking, lasers, photometry, and atmospherics
Anisotropic linear forcing for synthetic turbulence generation in hybrid RANS/LES modelling (2012)

International audience
Dynamic viscoelastic properties of solutions of shear‐degraded deoxyribonucleic acid (1967)

Abstract Calf thymus and salmon sperm deoxyribouncleie acid were degraded by high‐shear stirring to molecular weights M in the range of 1.3–3.2 × 10 6 and purified by chromatography on methylated bovine serum albumin. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the fragmented products, in aqueous glycerol solutions in the concentration range of c = 0.003–0.01 g./ml., were investigated with the apparatus of Birnboim and Ferry. At values of the product cM higher than 4 × 10 3 , the frequency dependence of the components of the complex shear modulus, G ′ and G ″, displayed a plateau region in which G ′ &gt; G ″ – ων 1 η S , similar to that observed in concentrated solutions of coiling polymers where it is attributed to an entanglement network (ω is radian frequency, ν 1 volume fraction of solvent, and η 8 , solvent viscosity). The width of this plateau region on the logarithmic frequency scale is given by Δ = 3.8 (log cM – 3.56). At lower values of cM , the frequency dependence is intermediate between those predicted by the theory of Zimm for flexible coiled macromolecules and by the theory of Kirkwood and Auer for rods. Fitting to the Zimm theory gives highly discrepant values for molecular weights, while fitting the low‐frequency end of the dispersion to the Kirkwood‐Auer theory gives reasonable agreement for both molecular weight and rotary diffusion coefficient. It is concluded that the helical fragments appear as nearly rigid rods in their behavior at very low frequencies, but at higher frequencies reveal substantial bending flexibility.
Evaluation of Multi-Layered Pancreatic Islets and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Sheets Transplanted on Various Sites for Diabetes Treatment (2020)

Islet cell transplantation is considered an ideal treatment for insulin-deficient diabetes, but implantation sites are limited and show low graft survival. Cell sheet technology and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be useful tools for improving islet cell transplantation outcomes since both can increase implantation efficacy and graft survival. Herein, the optimal transplantation site in diabetic mice was investigated using islets and stem cell sheets. We constructed multi-layered cell sheets using rat/human islets and human ADSCs. Cell sheets were fabricated using temperature-responsive culture dishes. Islet/ADSC sheet (AI sheet) group showed higher viability and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion than islet-only group. Compared to islet transplantation alone, subcutaneous AI sheet transplantation showed better blood glucose control and CD31+ vascular traits. Because of the adhesive properties of cell sheets, AI sheets were easily applied on liver and peritoneal surfaces. Liver or peritoneal surface grafts showed better glucose control, weight gain, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) profiles than subcutaneous site grafts using both rat and human islets. Stem cell sheets increased the therapeutic efficacy of islets in vivo because mesenchymal stem cells enhance islet function and induce neovascularization around transplanted islets. The liver and peritoneal surface can be used more effectively than the subcutaneous site in future clinical applications.
Plasma-Polymerized and Iodine-Doped Polyvinyl Acetate for Volatile Organic Compound Gas Sensing Applications (2023)

Nowadays, the increased emission of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to rapid growth in the manufacturing industry has enforced demand for highly sensitive, selective, and stable gas sensors. Among the different types of gas sensors, we resolved issues associated with chemoresistive alcohol sensors like low selectivity, temperature instability, and long-term instability using iodine-doped polyvinyl acetate (IPVAc) films. These polymer-based chemoresistive sensors will be beneficial for low power consumption, ease of manufacture, and long-term stability owing to their simple structure and operation. The polymer films were prepared using the inductively coupled tubular plasma polymerization method. These films were doped with iodine at room temperature. The physicochemical characterization of prepared films confirmed the uniform coating of granular type morphology, iodine doping, and cubical crystal structure. The obtained maximum sensitivity was 122 and 7360 a.u. for 1000 ppm of methanol gas for polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and IPVAc films, respectively. Also, IPVAc films demonstrated sensitivities of 5554 and 1995 a.u. for 1000 ppm of each ethanol and 2-propanol gas, respectively. IPVAc films illustrated the highest selectivity of 600 a.u. for alcohols over other VOCs like acetone, benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane. The high electronegativity of IPVAc films due to iodine doping is the key origin of the highly selective adsorption of VOCs. Additionally, the IPVAc films have stable sensitivity performance over the temperature range of 30–130 °C and repeatability over 60 days. Thus, the plasma-polymerized IPVAc films can be applied for fabricating highly selective, sensitive, and stable VOC sensing applications.
Inversion of Production Data Using an Ensemble Smoother to Determine the Geometry of Hydraulic Fractures (2019)

Abstract The ensemble methods show the ability to obtain the geometry of natural fractures in high-permeability reservoirs. However, hydraulic fractures in unconventional reservoirs are different and the ability of these methods to invert production data to determine hydraulic fracture geometry is unknown. In this work, Embedded Discrete Fractures method is selected as the simulation method. The EnKF and EnRML methods are chosen as the history matching methods. Several simulation cases are used to test these algorithms’ performance in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Also, a novel gradient history matching process has been proposed to solve part of the problems. By comparing history matching results of different cases, Ensemble methods’ matching quality is very sensitive with prior information. Production of wells in low-permeability reservoirs is not sensitive with the unconnected fractures, which will lead to multiple minima in the objective function. It also causes big difficulties in the estimation of the gradient for ensemble methods. Thus, it is even more important to add prior information properly in the unconventional reservoirs’ history matching, which can narrow the problem dramatically. The potential and limitation of using a gradient method to solve this kind of problem are also shown in this paper.
Scalable Algorithms at Genomic Resolution to fit LD Distributions (2016)

While the problem of reconstructing a population that matches a given LD (linkage disequilibrium) distribution is not straightforward, it is further compounded if the population must additionally match MAF (minimum allele frequency) distribution as well. Here we address the task of co-fitting the multiple distributions at genomic resolutions.
Improved Frac Design and Reservoir Simulation Using Strain Derived from Geomechanical Modeling - Application to the Fayetteville Shale (2016)

Abstract A workflow that uses the strain derived from geomechanical modeling of hydraulic fractures interacting with natural fractures is applied to a Fayetteville shale well. The derived strain map is used to estimate the asymmetric half lengths that are input in a frac design software able to incorporate this information. The usual symmetric bi-wing design is replaced by realistic asymmetric half lengths observed in microseismic data by adjusting the leakoff coefficient, injection rate and the proppant concentration in such a way that the asymmetric half lengths of the frac design do not exceed the lengths of those provided by the strain map. Once the half lengths and orientation from the frac design match those provided by geomechanical simulation, the propped length and other key results provided by the frac design software are used in reservoir simulation. The derived strain is correlated to stimulated permeability through two calibration constants estimated during history matching. After history matching, the resulting pressure distribution facilitates more informed selection of refrac or new well candidates, optimization of well spacing, and estimation of an accurate EUR.
Thermodynamics of Nanosystems with a Special View to Charge Carriers (2009)

Basic ingredients of interfacial thermodynamics are recapitulated with a special eye on the nanometer-size regime. Questions are then briefly tackled that arise if, in heterogeneous systems, the constituent phases shrink to atomistic dimensions. Particularly helpful in this context are thermodynamic approaches, in which the introduction of interfacial tension is avoided. While the first part addresses ground structure quantities, the second part deals with questions of size and confinement effects on entropy and energy of ionic and electronic defects. These defects represent the respective excitations within this ground structure. The article emphasizes the similarities between ions and electrons manifested in the statistics rather than elaborating on the discrepancies that are primarily reflected by different densities of states and mobilities. It is, therefore, not the intention of the article to address aspects of nanoelectronics that rely on quantum transport for which many reviews are available. Nonetheless all these discussed aspects are directly relevant for both nanoionics and nanoelectronics.
Absence of myosin light chain phosphorylation and twitch potentiation in atrophied skeletal muscle (1996)

Staircase potentiation does not occur in atrophied rat gastrocnemius muscle subjected to repetitive stimulation. Since twitch potentiation is strongly correlated with phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains (R-LC) of myosin, our purpose was to determine if R-LC phosphorylation with repetitive stimulation is also diminished in atrophied gastrocnemius muscle. Following 2 weeks of disuse, induced by delivery of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the sciatic nerve, phosphorylation and twitch developed tension were measured at 10 s of 10-Hz stimulation in situ in control, sham, and TTX-treated rats. Phosphorylation was significantly diminished in TTX-treated animals (9.3 +/- 3.7%), compared with control (57.0 +/- 3.4%) and sham-treated (45.5 +/- 5.6%) animals. Concomitantly, at 10 s of 10-Hz stimulation, potentiation was absent in atrophied muscles (74.4 +/- 9.4% of initial twitch), whereas control (188.4 +/- 10.3%) and sham-treated (151.7 +/- 10.3%) muscles demonstrated a great deal of potentiation. The twitch contraction of the atrophied muscles had a decreased rate of tension development and peak rate of relaxation, and an increased contraction time and half-relaxation time. The observation that the light chains are present, but not phosphorylated, suggests that the process of phosphorylation is impaired. The association of diminished phosphorylation with the absence of staircase supports the theory that R-LC phosphorylation may be the principal mechanism for twitch potentiation but does not rule out other contributing factors.
Near-Field Thermal Emission of Thin Films (2008)

While the far-field thermal emission of thin film have been described in detail during the last five years [1–2], surprisingly, no systematic study on their near-field emission has been carried out so far. In this work we present an exact calculation of the local density of state of the non-radiative part of electromagnetic field close to the surface of thin metallic films. We describe the specific near-field properties of bounded structures. In particular it is found that this density closely depends on the thickness of films and can be significantly greater than that of near-field at the same distance from a semi-infinite medium. These results should have important consequences in the design of planar near-field thermal sources.
Spending on Phased Clinical Development of Approved Drugs by the US National Institutes of Health Compared With Industry (2023)

In this cross-sectional study, NIH funding for phased clinical development of drugs approved between 2010 and 2019 represented a small fraction of NIH spending on pharmaceutical innovation. This spending focused primarily on early-phase clinical trials and research capacity and was significantly less than estimated industry spending on clinical development. These results may inform the efficient allocation of government funding to advance pharmaceutical innovation.
13C-xylose and14C-xylose breath tests for the diagnosis of coeliac disease (2008)

13C-xylose- and 14C-xylose breath tests discriminate between coeliac patients and healthy control subjects with high sensitivity and specificity. The stable isotope 13C-xylose breath test has comparable diagnostic accuracy to the radioactive isotope 14C-xylose breath test and should be the preferred alternative to traditional xylose absorption tests.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Actinorhizal Plants and the Legume Medicagotruncatula Supports the Homology of Root Nodule Symbioses and Is Congruent With a Two-Step Process of Evolution in the Nitrogen-Fixing Clade of Angiosperms (2018)

Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a symbiotic interaction established between angiosperm hosts and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria in specialized organs called root nodules. The host plants provide photosynthate and the microsymbionts supply fixed nitrogen. The origin of RNS represents a major evolutionary event in the angiosperms, and understanding the genetic underpinnings of this event is of major economic and agricultural importance. Plants that engage in RNS are restricted to a single angiosperm clade known as the nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC), yet occur in multiple lineages scattered within the NFC. It has been postulated that RNS evolved in two steps: a gain-of-predisposition event occurring at the base of the NFC, followed by a gain-of-function event in each host plant lineage. Here, we first explore the premise that RNS has evolved from a single common background, and then we explore whether a two-step process better explains the evolutionary origin of RNS than either a single-step process, or multiple origins. We assembled the transcriptomes of root and nodule of two actinorhizal plants, <i>Ceanothus</i> <i>thyrsiflorus</i> and <i>Datisca</i> <i>glomerata</i>. Together with the corresponding published transcriptomes of the model legume <i>Medicago</i> <i>truncatula</i>, the gene expression patterns in roots and nodules were compared across the three lineages. We found that orthologs of many genes essential for RNS in the model legumes are expressed in all three lineages, and that the overall nodule gene expression patterns were more similar to each other than expected by random chance, a finding that supports a common evolutionary background for RNS shared by the three lineages. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses suggested that a substantial portion of the genes experiencing selection pressure changes at the base of the NFC also experienced additional changes at the base of each host plant lineage. Our results (1) support the occurrence of an event that led to RNS at the base of the NFC, and (2) suggest a subsequent change in each lineage, most consistent with a two-step origin of RNS. Among several conserved functions identified, strigolactone-related genes were down-regulated in nodules of all three species, suggesting a shared function similar to that shown for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses.