gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy harvesting by ambient humidity variation with continuous milliampere current output and energy storage (2021)

A hygroelectric generator capable of high current output has been developed by combining a deliquescent salt and reverse electrodialysis.
Unified time domain calculation of microwave resonator parameters (2007)

A time domain calculation method of resonator parameters is proposed. They include the resonant frequency, Q values (external Q, conductor Q, dielectric Q, radiation Q), and coupling coefficient. The correspondence to the standard frequency domain method is also shown to clarify the meaning of each calculation.
The Incredible Costs of Chronic Diseases: Why they Occur and Possible Preventions and/or Treatments (2016)

The United States government spends 3 trillion dollars on disease treatment each and every year. Chronic diseases are responsible for 86% of these health care costs. Chronic diseases are linked to 70% of the deaths that occur each year. The costs worldwide are likely even greater. After the age of 50, at least 50% of the people from the US have at least one chronic disease. About 1/3 of the US population has some form of diabetes or pre-diabetes. Why does this continue and certainly it is a major factor in the debt of the United States which is approximately 20 trillion dollars. How can the government and our medical people including scientists allow this outrage to continue?
Is it because we do not understand the cause of chronic diseases? Certainly we have not developed effective medications and or treatments; so even if we knew what the root cause of chronic diseases could we prevent or reverse them?
Dr Peter Barnes, M.D., Ph.D. is the premier scientist in the world who studies acute and chronic lung diseases. He has found that acute diseases can be effectively treated with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs e.g., asthma; but chronic diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not effectively treated with those same steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The difference between the two diseases forms the blueprint of what causes chronic diseases other than those caused by genetic defects which are relatively rare. The major difference between acute (treatable diseases) and chronic (essentially untreatable or poorly treatable diseases) is the excessive generation of peroxide called peroxynitrite (OONO-). Chronic diseases produce excessive amounts of peroxynitrite and this can create massive biochemical damage to the cell particles (mitochondria) that allow life to continue and produce necessary energy and key enzymatic proteins are damaged as well as the DNA, and RNA-the master molecules of life. Excessive peroxynitrite is the linchpin of chronic diseases.
Therefore the key to controlling chronic diseases is to control excessive peroxynitrite. This prevents the damage to our bodies from nitration, nitrosylation and nitrosation all major damages caused by peroxynitrite. How do we control these diseases -we need to find suitable targets of peroxynitrite damage that are non-toxic and exist in a continuous state to fight this toxic chemical. There are peroxynitrite catalytic antagonists and some vitamins like vitamin C and different forms of vitamin E are targets which destroy peroxynitrite and these have been shown to be somewhat effective against chronic diseases. We must introduce the peroxynitrite antagonists early in the disease state before the diseases become irreversible.
The excessive peroxynitrite actually damages the epigenetic mechanism (histone deacetylase) by which steroids exert their anti-inflammatory action. But, if we can suppress peroxynitrite early in the chronic disease state -chronic diseases can be become acute and very treatable diseases.
Cytokine Cascade in Sepsis (2003)

Sepsis is associated with an exacerbated production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are detectable within the bloodstream. Their 'half-angel, half-devil' properties are fully illustrated in sepsis. While they are a prerequisite to fight infection, their overzealous production is deleterious. The highest levels are found in plasma of non-surviving patients: they are markers and causative agents of poor outcome. Only the level of the chemokine RANTES is inversely associated with the APACHE II score (r = -0.7; p = 0.02) and low levels are associated with poor outcome. The link, interplay and network of cytokines taking place during sepsis are illustrated by the correlations between the levels of most pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Excessive release of anti-inflammatory cytokines may be associated with the immunodysregulation observed in sepsis. However, despite the presence of huge amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines and molecules targeting specifically interleukin-1 (IL-1) (i.e. IL-1 receptor antagonist) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (i.e. soluble TNF receptors), there is no indication that their levels are sufficient to counteract fully these proinflammatory cytokines. TNF was initially thought to be the 'hub of the cytokine network'. Although TNF contributes towards favouring the production of many other cytokines within a complex cascade, there are numerous examples to illustrate that its presence is not a prerequisite for these productions.
Delay and Power Optimization in VLSI Circuits (1984)

The problem of optimally sizing the transistors in a digital MOS VLSI circuit is examined. Macro-models are developed and new theorems on the optimal sizing of the transistors in a critical path are presented. The results of a design automation procedure to perform the optimization is discussed.
Eddy Current Damper simulation and modeling (2001)

In spring loaded and passive deployment systems, the need for high reliability, predictable energy absorption is required to contour the deployment, and dissipate system potential energy in a desired manner. Eddy Current Dampers (ECD's) offer higher reliability and more stable performance over fluid dampers. One major advantage of ECD's is their linearity and predictable performance. With the proper math model and determination of system constants and variables, it is possible to accurately model performance of an ECD deployment system over temperature and torque variations. It is the aim of this paper to present the equations and testing methods to properly predict and size an ECD for a passive deployment system.
Finding a lattice of needles in a haystack: forming a query from a set of items of interest (2015)

We introduce a new type of query, a lattice query, which is intended to assist a user of a search engine in query formulation. An associated methodology of search is proposed, where instead of submitting an exact query, the user provides a set of text samples which are the basis of generalization. The lattice query system automatically forms a search query from this generalization and verifies the relevancy of search results to the provided set of samples. Lattice queries are also designed to assist in building templates for information extraction tasks: instead of specifying certain keywords or linguistic patterns, a developer can give a list of samples and leave generalization task to the system. Lattice queries are formed from individual sentences and from paragraphs of text as well. An open source contribution of lattice query search component as a part of OpenNLP is described.
Occurrence, distribution, and associations of O and H serogroups, colonization factor antigens, and toxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1997)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide. Four categories of antigens have been commonly studied: O serogroup, H serogroup, colonization factor antigens (CFA), and toxins. A database has been complied from published reports of nearly 1,000 ETEC isolates from 18 locations and analyzed to determine the occurrence, distribution, and associations of O serogroup, H serogroup, CFA, and toxin type. Tables listing the associations of antigens are presented. This analysis documents the widespread nature and variety of ETEC. Even the most common combination of antigens, O6:H16 CFA/II LTST, accounted for only 11% of the ETEC isolates in the database. It was isolated from 12 locations. Many phenotypes occurred only once. CFA detection based on enzyme-linked antibodies with polyclonal sera is suggested as the preferred assay. A combination of CFA and toxin-based antigens is suggested as the most practical vaccine.
Glutamine Synthetase, Heat shock Protein-70, and Glypican-3 in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Tumors Metastatic to Liver (2012)

Of the panel of immunostains currently commonly used to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from dysplastic hepatocytic nodules, only GPC-3 did not react frequently with metastatic tumors and IH-ChCa, although there was staining in 2 metastatic tumors. GS and HSP-70 are typically positive in IH-ChCa and metastatic tumors. Nothing should be inferred about the histogenesis of a tumor based on positive staining with either of these 2 markers, which currently have no role in tumor of unknown origin panels.
Hepatic vascular flow measurements by phase contrast MRI and doppler echography: A comparative and reproducibility study (2010)

Free-breathing PC-MRI can provide reliable noninvasive measurement of hepatic flow parameters compared to Doppler US. The MR technique could help to improve Doppler flow calculations, thereby allowing standardization of protocols, particularly for applications in disease.
Growth Hormone (GH) and Adult Bone Remodeling: The Potential Use of GH in Treatment of Osteoporosis (1993)

Decreased osteoblastic activity seems to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis and several lines of evidence suggest that GH may become useful in treatment of osteoporosis. GH stimulates osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in vitro and increases production of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) which both have profound stimulatory effects on osteoblasts and are important local regulators of bone remodeling. GH affects several other osteotropic hormones in vivo and increases bone turnover while the effect on bone mass is less pronounced and depends on the skeletal compartment. The few published clinical studies on the use of GH in treatment of osteoporosis have been inconclusive and well controlled studies of adequate size are greatly needed. Future research should focus on intermittent use of GH in combination with other hormones stimulating IGF production or antiresorptive agents.
Growth, Properties, and Theoretical Analysis of M2LiVO4 (M = Rb, Cs) Crystals: Two Potential Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials (2017)

Mid-Infrared nonlinear optical (Mid-IR NLO) crystals with excellent performances play a particularly important role for applications in areas such as telecommunications, laser guidance, and explosives detection. However, the design and growth of high performance Mid-IR NLO crystals with large NLO efficiency and high laser-damage threshold (LDT) still face numerous fundamental challenge. In this study, two potential Mid-IR NLO materials, Rb<sub>2</sub>LiVO<sub>4</sub> (RLVO) and Cs<sub>2</sub>LiVO<sub>4</sub> (CLVO) with noncentrosymmetric structures (Orthorhombic, Cmc2<sub>1</sub>) were synthesized by high-temperature solution method. Thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction demonstrate that RLVO and CLVO melt congruently. Centimeter sized crystals of CLVO have been grown by the top-seeded solution growth method. RLVO and CLVO exhibit strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effects (about 4 and 5 times that of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, respectively) with a phase-matching behavior at 1.064 μm, and a wide transparency range (0.33-6.0 μm for CLVO). More importantly, RLVO and CLVO possess a high LDT value (~28 × AgGaS<sub>2</sub>). In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) and dipole moments studies indicate that the VO<sub>4</sub> anionic groups have a dominant contribution to the SHG effects in RLVO and CLVO. These results suggest that the title compounds are promising NLO candidate crystals applied in the Mid-IR region.
Identification, Quantitative Determination, and Antioxidative Activities of Chlorogenic Acid Isomers in Prune (Prunus domestica L.) (2000)

Neochlorogenic acid (3-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), isolated from prune (Prunus domestica L.), were identified by NMR and MS analyses. In addition, the quantity of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune were measured by HPLC. These isomers, 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and chlorogenic acid (5-CQA), were contained in the ratio 78.7:18. 4:3.9, respectively. 4-CQA was identified and quantified in prune for the first time, and relatively high amounts of this isomer were characteristic. Antioxidative activities of the chlorogenic acid isomers, such as scavenging activity on superoxide anion radicals and inhibitory effect against oxidation of methyl linoleate, were also evaluated. Each isomer showed antioxidative activities which were almost the same.
Follicular CD8+ T cells: a novel subset in immune protection and antibody responses. (VAC3P.1062) (2015)

Abstract Endogenous antigen-specific CD8 T cells have been detected within B cell zones of the splenic white pulp during the primary response to multiple infections. The physiologic implications of CD8 T cell recruitment to B cell zones are unknown. However, such CD8 T cell localization may be beneficial for immunity in multiple ways, including, but not limited to: 1) direct CD8 T cell-mediated costimulation of B cells, 2) CD8 T cell-derived signals lowering the threshold of help required from CD4 follicular helper T cells (Tfh) for B cell maturation, and/or 3) direct CD8 T cell-mediated support of Tfh cells. We show here that after a combined TLR agonist and anti-CD40 antibody immunization (TLR/CD40) the follicular-homing CD8 T cell population is increased compared to infection, particularly at 2-3 days post-immunization. Concurrently, CD8 T cells upregulate Tfh cell-associated markers including CXCR5, PD-1, and ICOS. IL-21 is secreted robustly by CD8 T cells at this time point, which could help support B cell germinal center maintenance, class-switching, and Tfh cell differentiation. Indeed, in the context of TLR/CD40 immunization, the absence of CD8 T cells does not affect the IgM response, but reduces an isotype thought to be directed by IL-21, IgG2c, to levels seen in CD4 T cell-depleted animals. Our data indicates that CD8 T cells can assume a Tfh-like phenotype, we call follicular cytotoxic T cells (Tfc), early after challenge and direct antibody responses.
Demonstration of 16/spl times/10 Gb/s WDM transmissions over 5/spl times/80 km using distributed Raman amplifiers and gain clamped semiconductor amplifiers as inline amplifiers (2003)

A gain clamped SOA combined with a distributed Raman fiber amplifier has a gain of 19.6 dB and a noise figure of 2.9 dB. Sixteen channels of 10 Gb/s signals are successfully transmitted over 5 spans of 80 km even under dynamic add-drop situations.
Remodeling of Three-dimensional Hierarchically Organized Nanofibrous Assemblies (2008)

Fabrication and remodeling of a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically organized assembly out of nanofibers all major challenges in nanotechnology. Presented in this paper is a novel method of using various properties and behavior of water to fabricate 3D hierarchically organized electrospun nanofibrous structure. First, an electrospinning setup using a dynamic flow system is used to fabricate a 3D nanofibrous mesh through the remodeling of 2D nanofibrous mat. Next, by altering the drying and freezing condition, the nanofibers are rearranged to modify the microstructure of the scaffold. Depending on the hydrophobicity of the material and the freeze-drying condition, the microstructure of the resultant scaffold is either yarn made out of aligned nanofibers or ridges made out of randomly oriented nanofibers. Finally, the macrostructure of the mesh which takes the shape of the mold can either be porous or compact. The bulk structure with the various hierarchical arrangements can be chosen to meet the requirements of intended applications. A potential application for 3D nanofibrous is in tissue engineering as it mimics the basic building block of extracellular matrix.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of 2,5‐Diarylphospholes Based on Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Substituent Effects on the Optical and Redox Properties of Benzene—Phosphole—Benzene π‐Systems. (2012)

Abstract Two kinds of Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are employed to synthesize diarylphospholes (III) and (VII) (Stille coupling), and (X) (Negishi coupling).
Iterative Oversampling Technique for Constraint Energy Minimizing\n Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method in the Mixed Formulation (2020)

In this paper, we develop an iterative scheme to construct multiscale basis\nfunctions within the framework of the Constraint Energy Minimizing Generalized\nMultiscale Finite Element Method (CEM-GMsFEM) for the mixed formulation. The\niterative procedure starts with the construction of an energy minimizing\nsnapshot space that can be used for approximating the solution of the model\nproblem. A spectral decomposition is then performed on the snapshot space to\nform global multiscale space. Under this setting, each global multiscale basis\nfunction can be split into a non-decaying and a decaying parts. The\nnon-decaying part of a global basis is localized and it is fixed during the\niteration. Then, one can approximate the decaying part via a modified\nRichardson scheme with an appropriately defined preconditioner. Using this set\nof iterative-based multiscale basis functions, first-order convergence with\nrespect to the coarse mesh size can be shown if sufficiently many times of\niterations with regularization parameter being in an appropriate range are\nperformed. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and\nefficiency of the proposed computational multiscale method.\n
Transparent Thin Films of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Self‐Assembled on Polyamide 11 Nanofibers (2008)

Abstract Electrospun polyamide 11 (PA11) nanofiber films are used as a guide for the deposition of two‐dimensional networks of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). This method allows for the manufacturing of transparent and electrically conductive thin films. It is demonstrated that the sheet resistance (Rs) and transmittance (T) decrease, as the films become thicker due to longer electrospinning times or larger fibers. The transmittance could be improved by fusing (melting) the fibers at moderate temperatures or impregnating the film with a resin, showing that light scattering rather than absorption by the MWNTs or the polymer was responsible for a low transmittance. As the number of MWNT deposition cycles increases, the Rs decreases with a constant transmittance. A fused 100 nm film obtained after 10 min of electrospinning of the 2 wt % PA11 solution shows Rs = 154 kΩ sq −1 and T = 83% after ten MWNT deposition cycles. A 95% transmittance was achieved after removing the polymer fibers by heating the glass plate in air (Rs = 440 kΩ sq −1 after five MWNT deposition cycles).
An efficient algorithm for time separation of events in concurrent systems (2007)

The time separation of events (TSE) problem is that of finding the maximum and minimum separation between the times of occurrence of two events in a concurrent system. It has applications in the performance analysis, optimization and verification of concurrent digital systems. This paper introduces an efficient polynomial-time algorithm to give exact bounds on TSE's for choice-free concurrent systems, whose operational semantics obey the max-causality rule. A choice-free concurrent system is modeled as a strongly-connected marked graph, where delays on operations are modeled as bounded intervals with unspecified distributions. While previous approaches handle acyclic systems only, or else require graph unfolding until a steady-state behavior is reached, the proposed approach directly identifies and evaluates the asymptotic steady-state behavior of a cyclic system via a graph-theoretical approach. As a result, the method has significantly lower computational complexity than previously-proposed solutions. A prototype CAD tool has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of our method. A set of experiments have been performed on the tool as well as two existing tools, with noticeable improvement on runtime and accuracy for several examples.
Automatic Categorization of Haptic Interactions -What are the Typical Haptic Interactions Between a Human and a Robot? (2006)

If a communication robot could have the same capability of haptic interaction as humans do, the robot would give us greater familiarity, thus shortening its communicative distance from people. To achieve such a robot, this paper proposes a method for categorizing haptic interactions between a human and a robot by using tactile sensors embedded in the soft skin covering the robot's entire body. In this method, each haptic interaction can be represented by a sequence of data points recorded from the tactile sensors. We first consider all experimental data points and map them into clusters. Next, we represent each individual haptic interaction as a sequence of those clusters. Finally, by calculating a distance function between each of these sequences of clusters, we can determine a hierarchical structure that naturally groups similar haptic interactions into categories. In the hierarchical structure, the haptic interactions are classified mainly based on the region of touching (e.g., head and arm) at the top side of the structure and the manner of touching (e.g., slap and stroke) at the bottom side of the structure. By using this hierarchical structure, the robot can categorize haptic interactions based simultaneously on the region of its body touched and on the manner of touching. The constructed hierarchical structure will also make the robot aware of the categorized regions and the categorized manners of touching that are typically observed in haptic communication between a human and a robot. Consequently, this capability will lead to more human-like communication. To confirm the validity of this method, we conducted human-robot communication experiments using 284 subjects. As a result, we clarified that the manner of touching depends on the region of touching.
Compact CMOS IR‐UWB transmitter using variable‐order Gaussian pulse generator (2013)

An area‐efficient CMOS impulse radio ultra‐wideband (IR‐UWB) transmitter capable of generating variable orders of Gaussian pulses is presented. The core of the pulse generator is constructed using the cascade connection of RC differentiator networks separated by tunable amplifiers. Tuning the bias current of the amplifier using a voltage‐controlled current‐source allows for generation of varying orders of Gaussian pulses, which in turn allows for controlling the power and spectral mask of transmitted signals. Fabricated in a TSMC 90 nm digital CMOS process, the measurement shows that the fully integrated transmitter can generate fifth‐ to sixth‐order Gaussian pulses. The core transmitter consumes 10.0–12.0 mW at 200 MHz pulse repeating frequency and occupies a chip area of 0.008 mm 2 only.
Om brittisk amatöridrott : [Amateurism in British sport: It matters not who won or lost?, red: Dilwyn Porter och Stephen Wagg] (2008)

Om brittisk amatoridrott : [Amateurism in British sport: It matters not who won or lost?, red: Dilwyn Porter och Stephen Wagg]