gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Projected Demand and Potential Impacts to the National Airspace System of Autonomous, Electric, On-Demand Small Aircraft (2012)

Electric propulsion and autonomy are technology frontiers that offer tremendous potential to achieve low operating costs for small-aircraft. Such technologies enable simple and safe to operate vehicles that could dramatically improve regional transportation accessibility and speed through point-to-point operations. This analysis develops an understanding of the potential traffic volume and National Airspace System (NAS) capacity for small on-demand aircraft operations. Future demand projections use the Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM), a tool suite developed by NASA and the Transportation Laboratory of Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Demand projections from TSAM contain the mode of travel, number of trips and geographic distribution of trips. For this study, the mode of travel can be commercial aircraft, automobile and on-demand aircraft. NASA's Airspace Concept Evaluation System (ACES) is used to assess NAS impact. This simulation takes a schedule that includes all flights: commercial passenger and cargo; conventional General Aviation and on-demand small aircraft, and operates them in the simulated NAS. The results of this analysis projects very large trip numbers for an on-demand air transportation system competitive with automobiles in cost per passenger mile. The significance is this type of air transportation can enhance mobility for communities that currently lack access to commercial air transportation. Another significant finding is that the large numbers of operations can have an impact on the current NAS infrastructure used by commercial airlines and cargo operators, even if on-demand traffic does not use the 28 airports in the Continental U.S. designated as large hubs by the FAA. Some smaller airports will experience greater demand than their current capacity allows and will require upgrading. In addition, in future years as demand grows and vehicle performance improves other non-conventional facilities such as short runways incorporated into shopping mall or transportation hub parking areas could provide additional capacity and convenience.
Chiral thin solid films: Method of deposition and applications (1992)

Chiral thin solid films (CTSFs) can be deposited on a solid substrate in vacuum by letting a vapor stream of film material impinge on the substrate at oblique incidence and rotating the substrate during deposition. The direction of substrate rotation determines the handedness of the resulting helical structure which resembles that of a cholesteric or twisted-nematic liquid crystal layer. CTSFs are useful in making new optical rotators and beam splitters that separate the orthogonal circular polarization components of light. A quadrant-detector ellipsometer that uses chiral and achiral obliquely deposited thin films is described for measuring the state of polarization of light.
Passing the Benefit and Burden of Restrictive Covenants Governing Land in Singapore (1998)

The rules relating to the passing of the benefit and burden of restrictive covenants are extremely complicated. In recent years steps have been taken in England to simplify these rules. This article explores the differences between English and Singapore law on this subject and examines the extent to which the Singapore courts too can simplify this area of the law.
Clinical Features of the Diabetic Syndrome Appearing after Steroid Therapy (1964)

Journal Article Clinical Features of the Diabetic Syndrome Appearing after Steroid Therapy Get access S E P Miller, M.B. (Glasg.), S E P Miller, M.B. (Glasg.) House Physician Department of Medicine, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J McE Neilson, M.B., (Glasg.), M.R.C.P., M.R.C.P.Ed., D.P.H J McE Neilson, M.B., (Glasg.), M.R.C.P., M.R.C.P.Ed., D.P.H Senior Registrar Department of Medicine, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 40, Issue 469, November 1964, Pages 660–669, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.40.469.660 Published: 01 November 1964
A TRH ANALOG (DN-1417): EFFECTS ON LOCAL CEREBRAL GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN CONSCIOUS AND PENTOBARBITALIZED RATS DETERMINED BY THE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC 2-DEOXY-[14C]GLUCOSE METHOD (1983)

Effects of a TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) analog, DN-1417 (r-butyrolactone-r-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate), with regard to the rate of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were assessed using the autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose method to clarify the possible sites of action in conscious and pentobarbitalized rats. DN-1417 (0.5-5 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly shortened the pen-tobarbital-induced sleeping time in a dose dependent manner, and this effect of DN-1417 was reduced by intracerebroventricular (i.e.v.) pretreatment with atropine methylbromide (20 βg). DN-1417 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) by itself slightly increased the LCGU in the thalamus dorsomedial nucleus and mammillary body and significantly increased it in the septal nucleus. Pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.v.) alone produced a marked and diffuse reduction in LCGU throughout the brain at a rate of about 46% of the control. DN-141 7 (5 mg/kg,i.v.) markedly reversed the reduction of LCGU induced by pentobarbital. The antagonistic effect of DN-1417 in LCGU was about twice as potent as that of TRH. Locally, significant reversal effects by DN-1417 were observed in the hypothalamus, septal nucleus,hippocampus, mammillary body, thalamus dorsomedial nucleus, caudate-putamen,nucleus accumbens, pontine gray matter and so on. These actions of DN-1417 were almost completely abolished in all areas except for the visual cortex under the conditionof pretreatment with atropine methylbromide (20 μ, i.c.v.). On the other hand, pimozide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) augmented the actions of DN-1417. Thus, DN-1417 seems to act on thelevel of consciousness via a reticulo-thalamo-cortical system, and reverses the LCGU reduction induced by pentobarbital via a cholinergic mechanism. The hypothalamus appears to be a crucial site in mediation of the antagonistic action of DN-1417 on pentobarbital.
Radio-Lucent Line: Interpretation and Clinical Correspondence in T.H.A. (1993)

The Authors have re-evaluated 84 cementless total hip arthroprostheses out of 700 hip arthroplasties carried out in their department from January 1982 to December 1992. The aim was to find a correlation between the radio-lucent line and the clinical signs of prosthetic loosening. On the basis of the results of this study and reports in the literature, the Authors conclude that a very poor correlation exists.
Evolution of the Surface and Subsurface Chemical Environment of LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.5O2 electrodes (2015)

The nickel-based layered positive electrode, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) has a high discharge capacity of ~ 200 mAhg-1 making it promising for potential electric vehicle applications. However, NCA displays drastic capacity fade with cycling. Accelerated cycling tests at elevated temperatures have shown that NCA electrodes undergo significant power fading. The significant power fading has been largely attributed to the formation of insulating and electrochemically inactive phases at the NCA surface. These include Li2CO3 surface species and a NiO-like rocksalt phase at particle surface due to oxygen loss. The literature of NCA surface and subsurface studies have highlighted the complexity of studying electrodes, with many reactions occurring that may not be inherent to NCA. Here we report on our studies of the surface and subsurface of NCA electrodes with and without a binder additive (i.e. PVDF) as a function of initial charging and cycling. The chemical composition and transition metal oxidation states were determined from a combination of x-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy techniques. Our results reveal dramatic differences in the surface environments between our NCA electrodes with and without binder. Our results suggest that the PVDF may play a more significant role in degrading the surface of the NCA i.e. oxygen loss, than previously thought. We also report our surface analysis of our extended cycled NCA binder free electrodes. This work was supported as part of NECCES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001294.
Inference to the best explanation is basic (1989)

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Benefits of higher resistance-training volume depends on ribosome biogenesis (2019)

Abstract Resistance-exercise volume is a determinant of training outcomes. However not all individuals respond in a dose-dependent fashion. In this study, 34 healthy individuals (males n = 16, age 23.6 (4.1) years; females n = 18, 22.0 (1.3) years) performed moderate- (3 sets per exercise, MOD) and low-volume (1 set, LOW) resistance training contralateral fashion for 12 weeks (2-3 sessions × week −1 ) enabling intra-individual comparisons of effects of training modalities. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength was assessed at weeks 0 and 12, along with biopsy sampling (m. Vastus lateralis). Muscle biopsies were also sampled before and one hour after the fifth session (Week 2). MOD resulted in larger increases in muscle CSA (5.2 (3.8)% versus 3.7 (3.7)%, P &lt; 0.001) and strength (3.4-7.7% difference, all P &lt; 0.05). In muscle, this coincided with greater reductions in type IIX fibres from week 0 to week 12 (MOD, −4.6 vs. LOW - 3.2%-point), greater post-exercise (Week 2) phosphorylation of mTOR (12%), S6-kinase 1 (19%) and ribosomal protein S6 (28%, Week 2), greater rested-state total RNA (8.8%, Week 2) and greater exercise-induced elevation of c-Myc mRNA expression (25%, Week 2; all P &lt; 0.05). Fifteen participants displayed robust benefits of MOD on muscle hypertrophy. This was associated with greater accumulation of total RNA at Week 2 in MOD vs. LOW as every 1% difference increased the odds of MOD benefit by 5.4% ( P = 0.010). In conclusion, MOD led to on average greater adaptations to resistance training and dose-dependent hypertrophy was associated with volume-dependent regulation of total RNA at week 2. This suggests that ribosomal biogenesis regulates the dose-response relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy. Key points For individuals showing suboptimal adaptations to resistance training, manipulation of training volume is a potential measure to facilitate responses. This remains unexplored in previous research. Here, 34 untrained individuals performed contralateral resistance training with moderate and low volume for 12 weeks. Overall, moderate volume led to larger increases in muscle cross-sectional area, strength and type II fibre-type transitions. These changes coincided with greater activation of signaling pathways controlling muscle growth and greater induction of ribosome synthesis. Fifteen individuals displayed clear benefit of moderate-volume training on muscle hypertrophy. This coincided with greater total RNA accumulation in the early-phase of the training period, suggesting that ribosomal biogenesis regulates the dose-response relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that there is a dose-dependent relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy. On the individual level, benefits of higher training volume was associated with increased ribosomal biogenesis.
Big data, innovation and entrepreneurship in the Asia Pacific: examples and international comparisons (2020)

Deadline for submission: 15 April 2021 As one of the highest impact emerging technologies, big data analytics, together with its related applications, is powering the development of information tec...
Abstract P442: The Association of Amyloid and Tau Burden With Centrum Semiovale Perivascular Spaces in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2021)

Background: The mechanisms linking cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) to enlarged perivascular spaces in centrum semiovale (CSO-EPVS) and whether other Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathologies might affect CSO-EPVS are unclear. We hypothesized that amyloid but not tau load would independently correlate with CSO-EPVS in CAA. Methods: Fifty prospectively enrolled nondemented probable CAA patients underwent high-resolution structural MRI, Pittsburgh compound B (PiB, for amyloid), and 18 F-flortaucipir (FTP, for tau) PET imaging. Microbleeds (all lobar, LMB) were counted and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) was quantified. CSO-EPVS were counted on T 2 -MRI sequence and graded using a previously validated scale (range 0-4). A multivariate ordinal regression model was used to assess the independent associations between CSO-EPVS and mean cortical amyloid as well as tau deposition, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Patients had a mean age of 69.3±7.2. Age, sex, presence of hypertension, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), LMB counts, and WMH were not associated with CSO-EPVS grades (p&gt;0.2 for all comparisons). Higher PiB uptake significantly correlated with increased CSO-EPVS (rho=0.45, p=0.001). Higher FTP showed a trend for correlation with CSO-EPVS (rho=0.26, p=0.069). In an ordinal regression model with CSO-EPVS grade as the dependent variable and both amyloid and tau levels included as predictors along with covariates presented above, the association of CSO-EPVS remained significant with higher PiB uptake (β=3.97, 95%CI 1.1-6.8, p=0.007) but not with FTP uptake (p=0.167). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that CSO-EPVS is independently associated with amyloid but not with tau deposition in CAA. CSO-EPVS was not associated with age or classical vascular risk factors or presence of ICH. Our results support the view that vascular amyloid but not other AD pathologies such as tau might contribute to EPVS in patients with CAA.
Voltammetric and Related Studies of NbCl5 in Molten Chloroaluminates (1976)

The electrochemical reduction of in melts of compositions varying from a saturated melt [∼50–50 mole per cent (m/o)] to a 63 m/o melt was investigated by chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and differential pulse polarography. The reduction mechanism is determined to a large extent by the melt composition and temperature which, in turn, determine the Lewis acidity of the melt. The formation of lower oxidation states results in dimerization and cluster formation. The standard electrode potential of the Nb(V)/Nb(IV) couple and the diffusion coefficient of Nb(V) in the NaCl saturated melt are reported.
The Trehalose 6-Phosphate/SnRK1 Signaling Pathway Primes Growth Recovery following Relief of Sink Limitation (2013)

Trehalose 6-P (T6P) is a sugar signal in plants that inhibits SNF1-related protein kinase, SnRK1, thereby altering gene expression and promoting growth processes. This provides a model for the regulation of growth by sugar. However, it is not known how this model operates under sink-limited conditions when tissue sugar content is uncoupled from growth. To test the physiological importance of this model, T6P, SnRK1 activities, sugars, gene expression, and growth were measured in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings after transfer to cold or zero nitrogen compared with sugar feeding under optimal conditions. Maximum in vitro activities of SnRK1 changed little, but T6P accumulated up to 55-fold, correlating with tissue Suc content in all treatments. SnRK1-induced and -repressed marker gene expression strongly related to T6P above and below a threshold of 0.3 to 0.5 nmol T6P g(-1) fresh weight close to the dissociation constant (4 µm) of the T6P/ SnRK1 complex. This occurred irrespective of the growth response to Suc. This implies that T6P is not a growth signal per se, but through SnRK1, T6P primes gene expression for growth in response to Suc accumulation under sink-limited conditions. To test this hypothesis, plants with genetically decreased T6P content and SnRK1 overexpression were transferred from cold to warm to analyze the role of T6P/SnRK1 in relief of growth restriction. Compared with the wild type, these plants were impaired in immediate growth recovery. It is concluded that the T6P/SnRK1 signaling pathway responds to Suc induced by sink restriction that enables growth recovery following relief of limitations such as low temperature.
Maximum a posteriori based regularization parameter selection (2011)

The ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm regularized least square technique has been proposed as an efficient method to calculate sparse solutions. However, the choice of the regularization parameter is still an unsolved problem, especially when the number of nonzero elements is unknown. In this paper we first design different ML estimators by interpreting the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm regularization as a MAP estimator with a Laplacian model for data. We also utilize the MDL criterion to decide on the regularization parameter. The performance of these new methods are evaluated in the context of estimating the Directions Of Arrival (DOA) for the simulated data and compared. The simulations show that the performance of the different forms of the MAP estimator are approximately equal in the one snapshot case, where MDL may not work. But for the multiple snapshot case both methods can be used.
Rapid Syntheses of Benzopyrans from o-OBOC Salicylaldehydes and Salicyl alcohols:  A Three-Component Reaction (2002)

The Diels-Alder reactions of o-quinone methides generated from OBOC-salicylic aldehydes and alcohols are described, allowing for the synthesis of various substituted benzopyrans. The low temperatures employed for this procedure enable high diastereoselectivity in reactions with beta-substituted o-quinone methides.
Brine-Rich Corner of the Phase Diagram of the Ternary System Cetylpyridinium Chloride−Hexanol−Brine (1996)

The brine-rich side (mass fraction of brine is 0.75 < Φ < 0.98) of the phase diagram of the ternary system cetylpyridinium chloride−hexanol−brine (1% NaCl by weight) is studied. The hexanol-to-surfactant ratios η at which the isotropic micellar L1−liquid crystal lamellar Lα−isotropic sponge L3−multiphasic state phase transitions occur on the η versus (1 − Φ) orthogonal phase diagram vary like a hyperbola with dilution. The solubility of hexanol in brine is found to be responsible for the variation of η values with dilution. An expression which well describes the experimental phase boundaries is found taking into account the hexanol solubility in brine. The hexanol mass fraction β in brine outside the surfactant aggregates is deduced from the experimental phase boundaries. The β value is somewhat lower than the hexanol solubility in brine. The hexanol-to-surfactant ratio η0 which describes the bilayer composition is found to be constant with dilution at the Lα−L3 phase transition but varies at the L1−Lα phase transition. The presence of hexanol molecules in brine as well as in the surfactant aggregates implies that the surfactant aggregate has to be considered as an open system. We predict that the composition of the bilayer can be changed upon external influence.
The Use of Visible-Light Hyperspectral Imaging in Evaluating Burn Wounds: A Case Report (2021)

Abstract Burn depth is a critical factor in determining the healing potential of a burn as the extent of injury ultimately guides overall treatment. Visible-Light Hyperspectral Imaging is an FDA-approved, noninvasive, and noncontrast imaging technology that uses light waves within the visible spectrum to evaluate skin and superficial soft tissue perfusion. In this case report, visible-light hyperspectral imaging was used to evaluate a 37-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department with a thermal burn of the trunk, back, and right upper extremity. Images were taken at initial evaluation, 6 hours postinjury, and again during daily dressing changes until hospital day 5 when the patient underwent surgical debridement. In this patient, operative treatment was postponed until 89.7 hours postinjury, at which point the clinical examination showed clear visual demarcation in regions of irreversible damage. Comparatively, visible-light hyperspectral imaging analysis of the permanently injured tissue demonstrated acute but varying changes in both oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin at the time of initial evaluation. The most dramatic change in tissue oxygenation occurred between 6.5 and 39.3 hours, demonstrating visible-light hyperspectral imaging’s ability to detect significant differences in oxygenation values between areas of second-degree superficial burns and areas of second-degree deep and third-degree burns in the acute period. The data suggest that the utilization of visible-light hyperspectral imaging in this 6.5- to 39.3-hour window may help predict final burn depth before clinical assessment, potentially allowing for surgical intervention within the first 48 hours following injury.
Bibliography of Relay Literature, 1978-1979 (1981)

Presents a bibliograph of literature on relay technologies, 1978 through 1979.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula (Aves: Turdidae) (2015)

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula was determined by shotgun sequencing. The total length of mitogenome is 16 730 bp, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosome RNA genes and 1 control region (D-loop). All the protein-coding genes in T. merula were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. The gene order and contents in the T. merula mitogenome is identical to that found in typical vertebrates. The phylogenetic tree of T. merula and 13 other species belonging to order Passeriformes was built. The DNA data presented here will be useful to study the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity of T. merula.
Relative Importance of Free-Stream Vorticity and Self-Induced Pressure Gradient on a Flat-Plate Boundary Layer (1958)

with a hemispherical nose 11.5 in. in diameter, at wind speeds up to 134 ft./sec. in the University of Michigan 5 X 7 ft. lowturbulence tunnel. Sample records at various angles from the nose along the same meridian plane are shown in Fig. 1. Two sweeps are shown for each condition. Approximate relative amplification factors for u' are indicated. The disturbances shown were probably produced by surface roughness since they did not appear at all meridian planes. The bursts of approximately sinusoidal fluctuations indicate that the instability is probably of the Tollmien-Schlichting type.