gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs (2001)

The emergence of antifungal drug resistance is inevitable. Here I discuss antibiotic resistance in the context of the adaptive potential of fungi and I propose an approach to predicting the evolution of antifungal resistance using experimental evolution of DNA sequences and microbial populations. Prediction is based on determination of evolutionary potential at two levels, the gene and the genome. At the level of the gene, evolutionary potential depends on the sequence space of candidate resistance genes defined by the fitness effects of all possible mutations in all possible combinations. At the level of the genome, evolutionary potential depends on the adaptive landscape defined by the fitness effects of all possible interactions among alleles constituting the genotype.
Vibrational electron spectroscopy of molecules in solids: Effect of the conduction-band density of states (1999)

The role of the conduction-band density of states (CB DOS) for electron scattering in the condensed phase is investigated using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of a molecular target isolated in a host medium. As an experimental model we study ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ embedded in an Ar matrix, since ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ in the gas phase offers smooth resonant vibrational cross sections spanning most of the energy range where the CB DOS of solid Ar is known. The vibrational energy-loss intensities of matrix isolated ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ exhibit strong variations as a function of the incident energy (i.e., excitation functions), in contrast to its gas-phase counterpart. Except for a relative change in intensity, the features in the excitation functions remain essentially at the same energy for different scattering angles and follow the inverse of the CB DOS. We show that under resonant scattering condition this effect arises more specifically from changes in the resonance lifetime due to variations in the CB DOS of the host medium. Using a simple Boltzmann-type multiple-scattering analysis, the vibrationally scattered electron intensities from matrix-isolated species are further discussed in terms of transport phenomena subjected to the CB DOS.
Chemokine regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: temporal and spatial expression patterns govern disease pathogenesis. (1998)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4+ Th1-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). There are several considerations that suggest a role for chemokines in the disease process. First, chemokines are highly expressed in the central nervous system with a tight temporal relationship to disease activity. Second, in vivo neutralization studies showed a distinct role for specific chemokines in the evolution of the process. Third, the selective and differential expression of chemokines in differing models of EAE bears a close relationship to the patterns of inflammatory pathology. Fourth, the spatial distribution of chemokine expression could plausibly contribute to lesion architecture. Finally, preliminary observations in MS material suggest that chemokine expression observed in EAE may provide useful information regarding the pathogenesis of inflammation in MS. We propose that temporal and spatial expression of chemokines are crucial factors, complementing adhesion molecule up-regulation, that regulate EAE disease activity.
Single‐marker and haplotype‐based genome‐wide association studies for the number of teats in two heavy pig breeds (2021)

The number of teats is a reproductive-related trait of great economic relevance as it affects the mothering ability of the sows and thus the number of properly weaned piglets. Moreover, genetic improvement of this trait is fundamental to parallelly help the selection for increased litter size. We present the results of single-marker and haplotypes-based genome-wide association studies for the number of teats in two large cohorts of heavy pig breeds (Italian Large White and Italian Landrace) including 3990 animals genotyped with the 70K GGP Porcine BeadChip and other 1927 animals genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. In the Italian Large White population, genome scans identified three genome regions (SSC7, SSC10, and SSC12) that confirmed the involvement of the VRTN gene (as we previously reported) and highlighted additional loci known to affect teat counts, including the FRMD4A and HOXB1 gene regions. A different picture emerged in the Italian Landrace population, with a total of 12 genome regions in eight chromosomes (SSC3, SSC6, SSC8, SSC11, SSC13, SSC14, SSC15, and SSC16) mainly detected via the haplotype-based genome scan. The most relevant QTL was close to the ARL4C gene on SSC15. Markers in the VRTN gene region were not significant in the Italian Landrace breed. The use of both single-marker and haplotype-based genome-wide association analyses can be helpful to exploit and dissect the genome of the pigs of different populations. Overall, the obtained results supported the polygenic nature of the investigated trait and better elucidated its genetic architecture in Italian heavy pigs.
Extension of a Methodology for Risk-Aware Business Process Modeling and Simulation Enabling Process-Oriented Incident Handling Support (2008)

Increasingly, companies face the challenges to perform their business processes effectively as well as efficiently and to simultaneously assure the continuity of these processes. As the majority of companies rely on IT, it is essential to establish effective incident handling. In this paper, we introduce new extensions of the risk-aware business process management framework ROPE (risk-oriented process evaluation) in order to support the improvement of the management and execution of business processes. We further discuss the advantages of those extensions and how they can support the implementation of standards and best-practices such as the NIST SP800-61 (Computer Security Incident Handling Guide).
Modification of human serum albumin with trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl halides and sulfonates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of human serum albumin with trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl halides and sulfonatesJ. T. Gerig and J. D. ReinheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1, 168–173Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00834a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00834a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Helix-Loop-Helix Dimerization Affinity (1996)

Dimerization represents a key regulatory step in the function of basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factors. In many instances tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix proteins, such as the hematopoietic factor SCL/tal or the myogenic factor MyoD, interact with ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix proteins, such as E2A or E2-2. Such dimerization is necessary for high affinity, sequence-specific DNA binding. Previous biochemical and structural studies have shown the helix-loop-helix region to be necessary and sufficient for this interaction. In the present study, we analyzed the relative affinities of various helix-loop-helix interactions using the yeast two-hybrid system. The relative affinities of selected helix-loop-helix species for the partner protein E2-2 were as follows: Id2 > MyoD > SCL/tal. Mutants of SCL/tal with increased affinity for E2-2 were selected from a library of randomly mutated basic helix-loop-helix domains. The amino acid changes in these high affinity versions of SCL/tal introduced residues that resembled those in the corresponding positions of the Id proteins and MyoD. One of the mutants, SCL 12, also contained mutations in highly conserved residues previously thought to be necessary for dimerization. This mutant of SCL demonstrated diminished temperature sensitivity in in vitro interaction assays as compared with the wild type protein. Computational modeling of helix-loop-helix dimers provides an explanation for the increased dimerization affinity of SCL mutant 12.
Optical Matching of near Infrared Reflectance Monochromator Instruments for the Analysis of Ground and Whole Wheat (1999)

Eight near infrared (NIR) reflectance monochromator instruments in Australia have been optically matched (standardised) in order that reflectance spectra can be obtained when the same sample is measured on any of the instruments which are as similar as reflectance spectra obtained by re-packing the same sample on one instrument. This means that data from the different instruments can be merged to produce calibrations based on a larger number of more diverse samples than would be available to any one laboratory, without the need for the actual samples to be moved around the country. In turn, the resulting spectral library and calibrations can be shared. Two methods of standardisation of this type of instrument have been previously reported for ground samples. One method utilises 30 sealed powdered samples of diverse types in order to correct for both slope and bias while the other requires only a single sealed sample to correct for bias. The results of standardisation, using the set of 30 samples and using a single ground wheat, confirms that the single sample standardisation works as well as that performed using the 30 samples. In addition, an extension of the single sample method using whole grain samples is reported. The results confirm that the single sample method can be successfully used to optically match NIR reflectance monochromator instruments of the same brand.
Interactions of pyridine nucleotides with redox forms of the flavin-containing NADH peroxidase from Streptococcus faecalis. (1986)

The flavin-containing NADH peroxidase of Streptococcus faecalis 10C1, which catalyzes the reaction: NADH + H+ + H2O2----NAD+ + 2H2O, has been purified to homogeneity in our laboratory for analyses of both its structure and redox behavior. Our findings indicate that the enzyme is a tetramer of four apparently identical subunits (Mr = 46,000/subunit), each containing one FAD coenzyme and a second non-flavin, nonmetal redox center. There is no evidence of nonequivalence among the flavins. Dithionite reduction of the enzyme occurs in two steps, with end points of 0.96 and 2.05 eq/FAD. The first step generates a two-electron reduced form of the enzyme (EH2) which is spectrally identical with that generated by aerobic addition of NADH. Our studies suggest that the long-wavelength absorbance band (lambda max approximately 540 nm) exhibited by this form results from charge-transfer interaction between the reduced non-flavin redox center and the oxidized flavin. A second type of long-wavelength charge-transfer absorbance band (lambda max approximately 770 nm) is generated on anaerobic addition of 1 eq of NADH to EH2 and results from interaction between oxidized FAD and the reduced pyridine nucleotide. Either the EH2 X NAD+ or the EH2 X NAD+ X NADH forms may be involved in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, as both are reactive with hydrogen peroxide.
Exposure to delayed visual feedback of the hand changes motor-sensory synchrony perception (2012)

We examined whether the brain can adapt to temporal delays between a self-initiated action and the naturalistic visual feedback of that action. During an exposure phase, participants tapped with their index finger while seeing their own hand in real time (~0 ms delay) or delayed at 40, 80, or 120 ms. Following exposure, participants were tested with a simultaneity judgment (SJ) task in which they judged whether the video of their hand was synchronous or asynchronous with respect to their finger taps. The locations of the seen and the real hand were either different (Experiment 1) or aligned (Experiment 2). In both cases, the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) was uniformly shifted in the direction of the exposure lags while sensitivity to visual-motor asynchrony decreased with longer exposure delays. These findings demonstrate that the brain is quite flexible in adjusting the timing relation between a motor action and the otherwise naturalistic visual feedback that this action engenders.
The efficacy of coronary sinus reducer in patients with refractory angina—A systematic review of the literature (2018)

The CS reducer is a promising treatment option for patients with refractory angina who are not candidates for revascularization. However, larger randomized control trials with long-term follow-up are needed to elucidate its role.
Multi-person tracking from sparse 3D trajectories in a camera sensor network (2008)

We describe and evaluate a vision-based technique for tracking many people with a network of stereo camera sensors. The technique requires lightweight local communication and is suitable for crowded scenes where targets are frequently occluded and where appearance based modeling techniques fail. In our approach, multiple stereo sensors individually estimate the 3D trajectories of salient feature points on moving objects. Sensors communicate a subset of their sparse 3D measurements to other sensors with overlapping views. Each sensor fuses 3D measurements from nearby sensors using a particle filter to robustly track nearby objects. We evaluate the technique using the MOTA-MOTP multi-target tracking performance metrics on real data sets with up to 6 people and on challenging simulations of crowds of up to 25 people with uniform appearance. Our method achieves a tracking precision of 10-30 cm in all cases and good tracking accuracy even in crowded scenes of 15 people.
An apparatus for the measurement of the second virial coefficients of vapours; the second virial coefficients of some n -alkanes and of some mixtures of n -alkanes (1962)

Abstract An apparatus for the measurement of the second virial coefficients of vapours is described. It is designed so that a sample of the gas under investigation can be compared directly with a reference gas (nitrogen). This differential method has practical advantages over direct methods. The apparatus has been used to measure the second virial coefficients of the series of n-alkanes from propane to n-octane from near room temperature to about 140 °C. The results form a family showing deviations from the principle of corresponding states which increase regularly with increasing chain length. A simple formula based on the principle of corresponding states has been found to fit not only the present measurements, but also, previous measurements by other workers at higher temperatures on these substances, and also previous measurements on methane and on ethane. Measurements have also been made on equimolar mixtures of propane + n-heptane and of propane + n-octane. The results are in much better agreement with a slight extension of a rule of Guggenheim &amp; McGlashan (1951) based on the principle of corresponding states than with the rule of Lewis &amp; Randall (1923)-
The enhancer landscape predetermines the skeletal regeneration capacity of stromal cells (2023)

Multipotent stromal cells are considered attractive sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Despite numerous experimental and clinical studies, broad application of stromal cell therapeutics is not yet emerging. A major challenge is the functional diversity of available cell sources. Here, we investigated the regenerative potential of clinically relevant human stromal cells from bone marrow (BMSCs), white adipose tissue, and umbilical cord compared with mature chondrocytes and skin fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Although all stromal cell types could express transcription factors related to endochondral ossification, only BMSCs formed cartilage discs in vitro that fully regenerated critical-size femoral defects after transplantation into mice. We identified cell type-specific epigenetic landscapes as the underlying molecular mechanism controlling transcriptional stromal differentiation networks. Binding sites of commonly expressed transcription factors in the enhancer and promoter regions of ossification-related genes, including Runt and bZIP families, were accessible only in BMSCs but not in extraskeletal stromal cells. This suggests an epigenetically predetermined differentiation potential depending on cell origin that allows common transcription factors to trigger distinct organ-specific transcriptional programs, facilitating forward selection of regeneration-competent cell sources. Last, we demonstrate that viable human BMSCs initiated defect healing through the secretion of osteopontin and contributed to transient mineralized bone hard callus formation after transplantation into immunodeficient mice, which was eventually replaced by murine recipient bone during final tissue remodeling.
pH-Triggered Surface Charge Reversed Nanoparticle with Active Targeting To Enhance the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin (2016)

PLGA nanoparticles are widely used in tumor targeting drug delivery systems. However, the naked PLGA nanoparticles (NNPs) not only have low drug loading but also can be rapidly removed from blood circulation by the immune system. The aim of this study was to prepare pH-triggered surface charge reversed lipid hybrid PLGA nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance drug loading and drug delivery efficiency. CHO-Arg-His-OMe and FA-PEG-DSPE were synthesized to modify PLGA nanoparticles to prepare LNPs. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of LNPs were greatly improved as compared with NNPs. In pH 7.4 medium, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded LNPs showed negative charge and released DOX slowly. In pH 5.0 medium, DOX-loaded LNPs exhibited positive charge and released DOX quickly. DOX-loaded LNPs delivered more DOX to the nucleus of KB cells and MBA-MD-231/ADR cells than did free DOX. In addition, DOX-loaded LNPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of KB cells and MBA-MD-231/ADR cells. Compared with free DOX, the same dose of the DOX-loaded LNPs delivered more DOX to tumor tissue. Thus, DOX-loaded LNPs significantly inhibited the growth of tumor in tumor-bearing nude mice and obviously reduced the systemic toxicity of DOX. In conclusion, pH-triggered surface charge reversed DOX-loaded LNPs significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX in vitro and in vivo. DOX-loaded LNPs had great potential in tumor targeted chemotherapy.
Short communication Identification of a new impurity in lisinopril (2007)

Abstract LC–UV scan of lisinopril revealed the presence of an unknown impurity (∼0.14%) at a relative retention time of 3.26 employing phosphatebuffer-acetonitrile as binary gradient system while LC–MS analysis with binary gradient system comprising of a ammonia–ammonium acetatebuffer (pH 5.0) and acetonitrile indicated it to be C 31 H 41 N 3 O 7 . The impurity was isolated by preparative HPLC utilizing a linear gradient of waterand acetonitrile. The structural analysis of the isolated product by 1 H, 13 C NMR, mass spectroscopy and FT-IR revealed it to be a 4-phenyl butanoicacid derivative (CL) of lisinopril.© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Lisinopril; Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; HPLC; LC–MS/MS; NMR; FT-IR 1. Introduction During the synthesis of the angiotensin convertingenzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril (1-[ N 2 -[( S )-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-l-lysyl]-l-proline dihydrate), seven knownimpurities are reported that include (i) (2 RS ) 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid, (ii) 4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid,(iii)
TREC video retrieval evaluation: a case study and status report (2004)

The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation is a multiyear, international effort, funded by the US Advanced Research and Development Agency (ARDA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to promote progress in content-based retrieval from digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Now beginning its fourth year, it aims over time to develop both a better understanding of&#13;\nhow systems can effectively accomplish such retrieval&#13;\nand how one can reliably benchmark their performance. This paper can be seen as a case study in the development of video retrieval systems and their evaluation as well as a report on their status to-date. After an introduction to the evolution of the evaluation over the past three years, the paper reports on the most recent evaluation TRECVID 2003: the evaluation framework — the 4 tasks (shot boundary determination, high-level feature extraction, story segmentation and typing, search), 133 hours of US television&#13;\nnews data, and measures —, the results, and the approaches taken by the 24 participating groups.
A 120-MHz active-RC filter with an agile frequency tuning scheme in 0.18-&#x03BC;m CMOS (2008)

A wideband active-RC low-pass filter realized for high data rate wireless receivers is reported in this paper. This filter adopts the 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order elliptic topology and achieves a bandwidth of 120 MHz and a stopband attenuation of more than 45 dB. The wide-bandwidth operational amplifiers employed in the filter adopt the feedforward compensation technique to extend the unity-gain bandwidth to 4.1 GHz. An agile tuning scheme is also proposed to automatically adjust the filter cutoff frequency. It uses the successive approximation register counter in the digital tuning loop to compensate for the RC variations while achieves short calibration time. The filter is fabricated in the TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS process and dissipates 38 mW under 1.5-V supply voltage. The measured IIP3 is 21 dBm and the tuning time is 8 mus.
One‐pot three‐component synthesis of 2‐substituted 4‐aminoquinazolines (2006)

Abstract magnified image A facile and rapid synthesis of the title compounds via one‐pot reaction of 2‐aminobenzonitrile, orthoesters and ammonium acetate under solvent‐free and microwave condition is described.