gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbiological characterization of three Atlantic whiteside dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) from stranding through captivity with subsequent rehabilitation and release of one animal (1988)

Abstract Three live Atlantic whiteside dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus acutus ) were found beach‐stranded on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and were shipped to Mystic Marinelife Aquarium in Connecticut and held in captivity. Swab samples were collected routinely from the anus and blowhole of live animals and from internal organs at necropsy for microbial culture. Despite antibiotic therapy, one animal died on day 9 of captivity, and one died after 110 days. The survivor was released after 126 days of captivity. Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia and staphylococcal pneumonia were likely responsible for the two deaths. A total of 26 different organisms (or groups of organisms) were recovered from the three dolphins, including several (e.g., Pseudomonas spp, Streptococcus faecalis Candida albicans, Proteus‐Morganella spp, Vibrio spp ) that, in addition to the above organisms, could be potentially pathogenic for debilitated animals. Newly rescued marine mammals should be segregated from healthy animals if possible.
Engineered Nanoforce Gradients for Inhibition of Settlement (Attachment) of Swimming Algal Spores (2008)

Current antifouling strategies are focused on the development of environmentally friendly coatings that protect submerged surfaces from the accumulation of colonizing organisms (i.e., biofouling). One ecofriendly approach is the manipulation of the surface topography on nontoxic materials to deter settlement of the dispersal stages of fouling organisms. The identification of effective antifouling topographies typically occurs through trial-and-error rather than predictive models. We present a model and design methodology for the identification of nontoxic, antifouling surface topographies for use in the marine environment by the creation of engineered nanoforce gradients. The design and fabrication of these gradients incorporate discrete micrometer-sized features that are associated with the species-specific surface design technique of engineered topography and the concepts of mechanotransduction. The effectiveness of designed nanoforce gradients for antifouling applications was tested by evaluating the settlement behavior of zoospores of the alga Ulva linza. The surfaces with nanoforce gradients ranging from 125 to 374 nN all significantly reduced spore settlement relative to a smooth substrate, with the highest reduction, 53%, measured on the 374 nN gradient surface. These results confirm that the designed nanoforce gradients may be an effective tool and predictive model for the design of unique nontoxic, nonfouling surfaces for marine applications as well as biomedical surfaces in the physiological environment.
Ectopic expression of N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase III in transgenic hepatocytes disrupts apolipoprotein B secretion and induces aberrant cellular morphology with lipid storage (1998)

N -Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) produces “bisecting-GlcNAc” and regulates the branching of N-glycans. GnT-III activity is elevated during hepatocarcinogenesis, which is in contrast to the undetectable level found in normal hepatocytes. To determine the biological significance of GnT-III in hepatocytes, transgenic mice that specifically express GnT-III in the liver were established and characterized. The transgenic hepatocytes had a swollen oval-like morphology, with many lipid droplets. Apolipoprotein B, which contained increased level of bisecting-GlcNAc accumulated in the transgenic hepatocytes. In the transgenic serum, triglycerides, the β- and pre-β-lipoprotein fractions, and apolipoprotein B100 were significantly decreased, compared with levels in nontransgenic serum. These abnormal phenotypes were more prominent in the mice with more copies of the transgene and a resulting high GnT-III activity. We demonstrate that aberrant glycosylation, as the direct result of the formation of bisecting-GlcNAc, disrupts the function of apolipoprotein B, leading to the generation of fatty liver. This observation suggests a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of fatty liver.
Solar Optiverter—A Novel Hybrid Approach to the Photovoltaic Module Level Power Electronics (2018)

In this paper, the concept of an Optiverter is proposed as a novel class of photovoltaic (PV) module level power electronics systems. Functionally, the Optiverter is a hybrid technology that combines the ultrawide maximum power point tracking (MPPT) voltage window of the PV power optimizers with the direct ac connectivity and inherent safety of the PV microinverters. Thanks to the advanced multimode control with variable dc-link and the shade-tolerant MPPT algorithm, the proposed Optiverter ensures efficient energy harvest from the PV module in different shading scenarios. To justify the superiority of the concept, the performance of a 300 W prototype of the PV Optiverter is experimentally compared to that of the industrial microinverters in different operation conditions, including an extreme case with opaque shading of two out of three substrings of the PV module.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2005)

Recognition of the continuity of the gallbladder and cystic and common bile ducts by the Babylonians in 2000 to 3000 B.C., led to centuries of controversy regarding the biliary tract and the origin and function of bile. Although Malpighi demonstrated that bile was formed in the liver, rather than the gallbladder, in the 17th century, it was not until the 19th century that Kiernan observed intrahepatic bile ducts in portal tracts and Hering identified their connection to canals that drain the canaliculi of hepatocytes. Mechanical obstruction of the distal biliary tract was long recognized as the cause of what was termed secondary biliary cirrhosis. Yet is was only in the mid-20th century that patients with biliary cirrhosis due to inflammatory destruction of proximal, intrahepatic bile ducts were identified, and their disease designated as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Subsequent recognition of the nearly universal association with antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) and PBC-specific autoantigens led to the categorization of PBC as a prototypic autoimmune disease and fostered the search for predisposing host and environmental factors responsible for the break in self-tolerance. Appreciation of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis as the T-cell-mediated, histopathological process in PBC was later confounded by recognition of similar pathology in the alloimmune diseases chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and hepatic allograft rejection (HAR).
Heteroepitaxial growth of lattice matched films on GaAs(001) (2009)

Abstract The thin films of lattice matched materials Fe 3 Si and Ge are grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy and studied by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. In the initial phase of Fe 3 Si growth, the surface is rough due to a formation of small islands. Two‐dimensional layer‐by‐layer growth arises later on. Germanium grows on GaAs in a layer‐by‐layer growth mode right from the beginning. A substantial improvement of the surface smoothness of the Ge film during the growth is found.
Lipoxins stimulate prostacyclin generation by human endothelial cells (1989)

Cultured human umbilical endothelial cells were incubated with lipoxins and their ability to generate prostacyclin (PGI2) was assessed and compared to that induced by either leukotriene C4 or an ionophore of divalent cations (A-23,187). When exposed to either lipoxin A4, lipoxin B4, or 7-cis,11-trans-lipoxin A4, endothelial cells generated prostacyclin detected as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Of the lipoxins examined, 7-cis,11-trans-lipoxin A4 proved to be the most effective with PGI2 production twice that induced by equimolar amounts of A-23,187 (5 microM). On a molar basis, lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 were less potent than leukotriene C4 although they were more efficacious. When either lipoxin A4 or lipoxin B4 was added to cells simultaneously with leukotriene C4, the formation of prostacyclin was greater than that induced by leukotriene C4 alone. During the time course of exposure to lipoxins (0-20 min, 37 degrees C), cultured endothelial cells did not further transform these compounds via omega-oxidation as determined by reverse-phase HPLC. These data indicate that lipoxins can stimulate PGI2 generation by human endothelial cells. Moreover, they suggest a role for these lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid in the regulation of hemostasis, inflammation and vascular reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Macromolecular Aromatic Domain in Suberized Tissue: A Changing Paradigm (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mid-Air Haptic Rendering of 2D Geometric Shapes With a Dynamic Tactile Pointer (2020)

An important challenge that affects ultrasonic mid-air haptics, in contrast to physical touch, is that we lose certain exploratory procedures such as contour following. This makes the task of perceiving geometric properties and shape identification more difficult. Meanwhile, the growing interest in mid-air haptics and their application to various new areas requires an improved understanding of how we perceive specific haptic stimuli, such as icons and control dials in mid-air. We address this challenge by investigating static and dynamic methods of displaying 2D geometric shapes in mid-air. We display a circle, a square, and a triangle, in either a static or dynamic condition, using ultrasonic mid-air haptics. In the static condition, the shapes are presented as a full outline in mid-air, while in the dynamic condition, a tactile pointer is moved around the perimeter of the shapes. We measure participants' accuracy and confidence of identifying shapes in two controlled experiments ( n<sub>1</sub> = 34, n<sub>2</sub> = 25). Results reveal that in the dynamic condition people recognise shapes significantly more accurately, and with higher confidence. We also find that representing polygons as a set of individually drawn haptic strokes, with a short pause at the corners, drastically enhances shape recognition accuracy. Our research supports the design of mid-air haptic user interfaces in application scenarios such as in-car interactions or assistive technology in education.
A Novel Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor MAC Protocol (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in many important areas. Medium access control (MAC) protocols have a significant influence on the function and performance of WSN. In existing protocols such as sensor MAC (SMAC), the sensor nodes reduce energy consumption by introducing an active/sleep duty cycle, which always leads to more control packets. These control packets waste a lot of energy. Other contention-based MAC protocols either cannot solve the idle listening or fail to consider the complexity of the protocol. Based on SMAC, we propose a novel contention-based MAC protocol, which decreases the control packets by modifying the control packets message and canceling time synchronization. The simulation result indicates that the performance of our protocol is much better than that of SMAC protocol in energy consumption.
Personal Cooling System based on Vapor Compression Cycle for Stock Car Racing Drivers (2012)

This work is related to the design, fabrication and test of a personal cooling system prototype for Stock Car racing pilots, who are exposed to very high temperatures inside the cockpit. The solution is based on a compact vapor compression system, which cools a secondary fluid that flows through the pilot vest. An experimental apparatus was especially developed for the prototype evaluation, simulating real environmental conditions. Subject tests were also performed and indicated the potential of such solution.
Supramolecular Polymers Based on the Quadruplex Formation of Ditopic Guanosine Macromonomers in Nonaqueous Media (2007)

The formation of supramolecular polymeric aggregates with a molecular mass of 100 kDa in a nonaqueous solution from a telechelic dimer of isopropylidene guanosine in the presence of K(+) ions is reported. The possible structure of macromonomers resulting from the development of G4 quartets was deduced from DOSY NMR, circular dichroism spectra, and dynamic light scattering measurements.
Novel Aspect of Perinuclear Theca Assembly Revealed by Immunolocalization of Non-Nuclear Somatic Histones During Bovine Spermiogenesis1 (2004)

The perinuclear theca (PT) is an important accessory structure of the sperm head, yet its biogenesis is not well defined. To understand the developmental origins of PT-derived somatic histones during spermiogenesis, we used affinity-purified antibodies against somatic-type histones H3, H2B, H2A, and H4 to probe bovine testicular tissue using three different immunolocalization techniques. While undetectable in elongating spermatid nuclei, immunoperoxidase light microscopy showed all four somatic histones remained associated to the caudal head region of spermatids from steps 11 to 14 of the 14 steps in bovine spermiogenesis. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the localization of somatic histones on two nonnuclear structures, namely transient manchette microtubules of step-9 to step-11 spermatids and the developing postacrosomal sheath of step-13 and -14 spermatids. Immunofluorescence demonstrated somatic histone immunoreactivity in the developing postacrosomal sheath, and on anti-beta-tubulin decorated manchette microtubules of step-12 spermatids. Focal antinuclear pore complex labeling on the base of round spermatid nuclei was detected by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, occurring before the nucleoprotein transition period during spermatid elongation. This indicated that, if nuclear histone export precedes their degradation, this process could only occur in this region, thereby questioning the proposed role of the manchette in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Somatic histone immunodetection on the manchette during postacrosomal sheath formation supports a role for the manchette in PT assembly, signifying that some PT components have origins in the distal spermatid cytoplasm. Furthermore, these findings suggest that somatic histones are de novo synthesized in late spermiogenesis for PT assembly.
Nonstationary System Analysis Methods for Underwater Acoustic Communications (2011)

The underwater environment can be considered a system with time-varying impulse response, causing time-dependent spectral changes to a transmitted acoustic signal. This is the result of the interaction of the signal with the water column and ocean boundaries or the presence of fast moving object scatterers in the ocean. In underwater acoustic communications using medium-to-high frequencies (0.3–20 kHz), the nonstationary transformation on the transmitted signals can be modeled as multiple time-delay and Doppler-scaling paths. When estimating the channel, a higher processing performance is thus expected if the techniques used employ a matched channel model compared to those that only compensate for wideband effects. Following a matched linear time-varying wideband system representation, we propose two different methods for estimating the underwater acoustic communication environment. The first method follows a canonical time-scale channel model and is based on estimating the coefficients of the discrete wideband spreading function. The second method follows a ray system model and is based on extracting time-scale features for different ray paths using the matching pursuit decomposition algorithm. Both methods are validated and compared using communication data from actual underwater acoustic communication experiments.
A flexible full‐color AMOLED display driven by OTFTs (2007)

Abstract— Organic thin‐film‐transistor (OTFT) technologies have been developed to achieve a flexible backplane for driving full‐color organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a resolution of 80 ppi. The full‐color pixel structure can be attained by using a combination of top‐emission OLEDs and fine‐patterned OTFTs. The fine‐patterned OTFTs are integrated by utilizing an organic semiconductor (OSC) separator, which is an insulating wall structure made of an organic insulator. Organic insulators are actively used for the OTFT integration, as well as for the separator, in order to enhance the mechanical flexibility of the OTFT backplane. By using these technologies, active‐matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays can be driven by the developed OTFT backplane even when they are mechanically flexed.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Developed Through &#x2018;Click Tailing&#x2019; (2010)

In recent years there has been renewed activity in the literature concerning the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (1,3-DCR) of organic azides (R-N₃) with alkynes (R'-C≡CH) to form 1,2,3-triazoles, i.e. the Huisgen synthesis. The use of catalytic Cu(I) leads to a dramatic rate enhancement (up to 10(7)-fold) and exclusive synthesis of the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole product. The reaction, now referred to as the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), meets the stringent criteria of a click-reaction in that it is modular, wide in scope, high yielding, has no byproducts, operates in water at ambient temperature, product purification is simple and the starting materials are readily available. The 1,3-DCR reaction has rapidly become the premier click chemistry reaction with applications spanning modern chemistry disciplines, including medicinal chemistry. Recently the 'tail' approach initiative for the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) has been combined with the synthetic versatility of click chemistry. This has proven a powerful combination leading to the synthesis of CAIs with useful biopharmaceutical properties and activities. This review will discuss complementary and contrasting applications that have utilized 'click tailing' for the development of CAIs. Applications encompass i) medicinal chemistry and drug discovery; ii) radiopharmaceutical development of positron emission topography (PET) chemical probes; and iii) in situ click chemistry.
Effective abatacept therapy in a hemodialysis patient with rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

症例は67歳女性. 慢性糸球体腎炎による慢性腎不全に対し7年前から維持透析を施行中であった. 4年前に両側の手指・手関節, 肩関節および両膝の腫脹と疼痛が出現し, 画像所見・検査所見より他院で関節リウマチと診断されていた. プレドニゾロン12.5mgに加え, 疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬としてサラゾスルファピリジンとレフルノミド, さらに生物学的製剤のエタネルセプトが投与されたが効果は不十分であった. 3年前に当院を紹介されアバタセプトを開始したところ, その後は徐々に関節症状と検査所見は改善し機能面も改善した. 維持透析患者の関節リウマチに対する生物学的製剤の報告例は少ないが, アバタセプトは有力な治療の選択肢になると考えられ報告する.
Chronic low-frequency rTMS of primary motor cortex diminishes exercise training-induced gains in maximal voluntary force in humans (2008)

Although there is consensus that the central nervous system mediates the increases in maximal voluntary force (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) produced by resistance exercise, the involvement of the primary motor cortex (M1) in these processes remains controversial. We hypothesized that 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of M1 during resistance training would diminish strength gains. Forty subjects were divided equally into five groups. Subjects voluntarily (Vol) abducted the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) (5 bouts x 10 repetitions, 10 sessions, 4 wk) at 70-80% MVC. Another group also exercised but in the 1-min-long interbout rest intervals they received rTMS [Vol+rTMS, 1 Hz, FDI motor area, 300 pulses/session, 120% of the resting motor threshold (rMT)]. The third group also exercised and received sham rTMS (Vol+Sham). The fourth group received only rTMS (rTMS_only). The 37.5% and 33.3% gains in MVC in Vol and Vol+Sham groups, respectively, were greater (P = 0.001) than the 18.9% gain in Vol+rTMS, 1.9% in rTMS_only, and 2.6% in unexercised control subjects who received no stimulation. Acutely, within sessions 5 and 10, single-pulse TMS revealed that motor-evoked potential size and recruitment curve slopes were reduced in Vol+rTMS and rTMS_only groups and accumulated to chronic reductions by session 10. There were no changes in rMT, maximum compound action potential amplitude (M(max)), and peripherally evoked twitch forces in the trained FDI and the untrained abductor digiti minimi. Although contributions from spinal sources cannot be excluded, the data suggest that M1 may play a role in mediating neural adaptations to strength training.
Structure of Graphite Oxide Revisited (1998)

Graphite oxide (GO) and its derivatives have been studied using 13C and 1H NMR. NMR spectra of GO derivatives confirm the assignment of the 70 ppm line to C−OH groups and allow us to propose a new structural model for GO. Thus we assign the 60 ppm line to epoxide groups (1,2-ethers) and not to 1,3-ethers, as suggested earlier, and the 130 ppm line to aromatic entities and conjugated double bonds. GO contains two kinds of regions: aromatic regions with unoxidized benzene rings and regions with aliphatic six-membered rings. The relative size of the two regions depends on the degree of oxidation. The carbon grid is nearly flat; only the carbons attached to OH groups have a slightly distorted tetrahedral configuration, resulting in some wrinkling of the layers. The formation of phenol (or aromatic diol) groups during deoxygenation indicates that the epoxide and the C−OH groups are very close to one another. The distribution of functional groups in every oxidized aromatic ring need not be identical, and both the oxidized rings and aromatic entities are distributed randomly.
Freestanding Ion Gels for Flexible, Printed, Multifunctional Microsupercapacitors (2019)

Freestanding ion gels (FIGs) provide unique opportunities for scalable, low-cost fabrication of flexible microsupercapacitors (MSCs). While conventional MSCs employ a distinct electrolyte and substrate, FIGs perform both functions, offering new possibilities for device integration and multifunctionality while maintaining high performance. Here, a capillarity-driven printing method is demonstrated to manufacture high-precision graphene electrodes on FIGs for MSCs. This method achieves excellent self-alignment and resolution (width: 50 μm, interdigitated electrode footprint: <1 mm<sup>2</sup>) and 100% fabrication yield (48/48 devices) and is readily generalized to alternative electrode materials including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The devices demonstrate good performance, including high specific capacitance (graphene: 0.600 mF cm<sup>-2</sup>; MWCNT: 6.64 mF cm<sup>-2</sup>) and excellent stability against bending, folding, and electrical cycling. Moreover, this strategy offers unique opportunities for device design and integration, including a bifacial electrode structure with enhanced capacitance (graphene: 0.673 mF cm<sup>-2</sup>; MWCNT: 7.53 mF cm<sup>-2</sup>) and improved rate performance, print-and-place versatility for integration on diverse substrates, and multifunctionality for light emission and transistor gating. These compelling results demonstrate the potential of FIGs for scalable, low-cost fabrication of flexible, printed, and multifunctional energy storage devices.