gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Immune System Approaches for Aerospace Applications (2003)

Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) combine a priori knowledge with the adapting capabilities of biological immune system to provide a powerful alternative to currently available techniques for pattern recognition, modeling, design, and control. Immunology is the science of built-in defense mechanisms that are present in all living beings to protect against external attacks. A biological immune system can be thought of as a robust, adaptive system that is capable of dealing with an enormous variety of disturbances and uncertainties. Biological immune systems use a finite number of discrete "building blocks" to achieve this adaptiveness. These building blocks can be thought of as pieces of a puzzle which must be put together in a specific way-to neutralize, remove, or destroy each unique disturbance the system encounters. In this paper, we outline AIS models that are immediately applicable to aerospace problems and identify application areas that need further investigation.
Computer modeling of acoustical elements of a hearing aid (2001)

In this paper, application of computer modeling methods to the process of hearing aid fitting is described. A computer model of the acoustical system of a hearing aid is presented. Exemplary results of the experiments are presented and compared with measurement data. The model proved to behave similarly to the physical system. Further improvements to the model are discussed.
Module reuse by interface adaptation (1991)

Abstract This paper describes a language called Nimble that allows designers to declare how the actual parameters in a procedure call are to be transformed at run time. Normally, programmers must edit an application's source in order to adapt it for reuse in some new context where the interfaces fail to match exactly (e.g. the parameters may appear in a different order, data types may not exactly match, and some data may need to be either initialized or masked out when the reusable module is integrated within a new application.) But Nimble allows programmers to adapt the interfaces of existing software without having to operate on the source manually. As a result, existing software may be easily reused in a broader range of applications, and software libraries do not need to store many variants of a component that differ only in how the interfaces are used. Nimble has been implemented on a variety of Unix hosts, and is part of a broader reuse project at the University of Maryland. Our current system is suitable for use either in conjunction with existing module interconnection languages, or stand‐alone with C, Pascal and Ada source programs.
Slew-rate and gain enhancement in two stage operational amplifiers (2009)

A two stage op-amp with an effective technique to enhance slew-rate and gain is presented. The enhancement is provided by an auxiliary monitor circuit which is activated in slewing conditions, but can contribute to the gain in normal conditions. The amplifier, simulated in a 0.18 Omegam technology, achieves 74 dB DC gain, 160 MHz bandwidth and 26.8 V/mus slew-rate for a load capacitance of 1.75 pF with 362 muW power consumption, considering a supply voltage of 1.8 V.
ScriptProtect (2019)

The direct client-side inclusion of cross-origin JavaScript resources in Web applications is a pervasive practice to consume third-party services and to utilize externally provided libraries. The downside of this practice is that such external code runs in the same context and with the same privileges as the first-party code. Thus, all potential security problems in the code directly affect the including site. To explore this problem, we present an empirical study which shows that more than 25% of all sites affected by Client-Side Cross-Site Scripting are only vulnerable due to a flaw in the included third-party code. Motivated by this finding, we propose ScriptProtect, a non-intrusive transparent protective measure to address security issues introduced by external script resources. ScriptProtect automatically strips third-party code from the ability to conduct unsafe string-to-code conversions. Thus, it effectively removes the root-cause of Client-Side XSS without affecting first-party code in this respective. As ScriptProtect is realized through a light-weight JavaScript instrumentation, it does not require changes to the browser and only incurs a low runtime overhead of about 6%. We tested its compatibility on the Alexa Top 5,000 and found that 30% of these sites could benefit from ScriptProtect's protection today without changes to their application code.
Association study of Notch 4 polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease (2004)

No association between two NOTCH4 polymorphisms alone and Alzheimer's disease was observed in the three populations, but there was evidence of an increased risk associated with the 5'-UTR CC genotype in epsilon 4 bearers in the United Kingdom. As no functionality for this polymorphism could be determined, it is likely that the interaction is spurious or results from a linkage disequilibrium of this 5'-UTR polymorphism with another marker elsewhere in the 6p21.3 locus.
Enhanced infarct myocardium repair mediated by thermosensitive copolymer hydrogel-based stem cell transplantation (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation by intramyocardial injection has been proposed as a promising therapy strategy for cardiac repair after myocardium infarction. However, low retention and survival of grafted MSCs hinder its further application. In this study, copolymer with N-isopropylacrylamide/acrylic acid/2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) ratio of 88:9.6:2.4 was bioconjugated with type I collagen to construct a novel injectable thermosensitive hydrogel. The injectable and biocompatible hydrogel-mediated MSC transplantation could enhance the grafted cell survival in the myocardium, which contributed to the increased neovascularization, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and ultimately improved heart function to a significantly greater degree than regular MSC transplantation. We suggest that this novel hydrogel has the potential for future stem cell transplantation.
101 DOSE AND TIMING OF ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2a DURING FIXED-TIME EMBRYO TRANSFER IN AN IN VITRO-PRODUCTION PROGRAM (2016)

Synchronization protocols for fixed-time embryo transfer (ET) contribute significantly to the overall cost of an in vitro-produced-ET program, primarily through the cost of drugs and the labour required. Optimization of synchronization protocols to reduce cost, while providing high fertility, have the potential to improve overall efficiency and profitability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dose and schedule of administration of prostaglandin F2a (PGF) during a synchronization protocol for fixed-time ET. Holstein and cross-bred Holstein heifers (n = 3766) were synchronized using a modified 5-day CIDR Synch as follows: Day 0: CIDR inserted; Day 5: CIDR removed, PGF2a treatment; Day 8: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg of gonadorelin). On Day 5, at the time of CIDR removal, heifers were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive either a full or half dose of PGF (Cloprostenol; 500 v. 250 µg) and 1 (Day 5) or 2 (Day 6) administrations resulting in the following treatments: full dose Day 5 + Day 6 (n = 938); full dose Day 5 (n = 938); half dose Day 5 + Day 6 (n = 946); and half dose Day 5 (n = 944). Heifers were evaluated by ultrasonography 5 days after GnRH to determine presence and size of the corpus luteum. Heifers with a corpus luteum received a fresh in vitro-produced embryo 7 ± 1 days after GnRH administration, and pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 32 and 60 days after GnRH. Fertility data were analysed by logistic regression and included the fixed effects of dose, time, and their interaction. Fertility results are shown in Table 1. Utilisation rate (transferred/treated) was not affected by dose (P = 0.66), time (P = 0.19), or their interaction (P = 0.17). The percentage of heifers detected in oestrus was not affected by dose (P = 0.13), time (P = 0.72), or their interaction (P = 0.89). There were no significant differences between doses of PGF (P = 0.32), time (P = 0.71), or their interaction (P = 0.80) on pregnancies per ET on Day 32. Similarly, no differences were found on pregnancies per ET on Day 60 between doses (P = 0.35), time (P = 0.96), or their interaction (P = 0.89). In addition, pregnancy loss between Day 32 and 60 was not affected by dose (P = 0.76), time (P = 0.66), or their interaction (P = 0.54). In conclusion, the use of a half dose of PGF once on Day 5 resulted in comparable utilisation rate and fertility as the observed with 2 full dose applications 24 h apart. As a result, the overall cost of the fixed-time ET program can be reduced by eliminating the need for a second PGF treatment and by decreasing the dose without compromising fertility. Table 1. Utilisation rate, oestrus expression, pregnancies per ET (P/ET), and pregnancy loss in recipients receiving either a full or half dose of prostaglandin F2a on Days (D) 5 and 6 or once on D 5
Degradation of pattern quality due to strong electron scattering in EUV mask (2010)

The ray tracing of electron based on Monte Carlo is simulated by GEANT software to investigate the electron scattering property in ArF photomask and EUV photomask. By Monte Carlo simulation, we have presented the mechanism of electron scattering in EUV photomask and simulated the electron distribution which gives rise to change the patterning performance of EUV photomask, compared with those of ArF photomask. Furthermore, the overlay error of EUV photomask has been analyzed by the charging model. EUV photomask has the additional electron distribution in the range of 2um, which comes from the strong electron scattering at Mo/Si multilayer. Because of this additional electron distribution, EUV photomask has the pattern size error due to proximity effect of electron when the conventional Gaussian function is used to correct the proximity effect of ArF photomask. The maximum residual error due to the proximity effect in EUV photomask is 7nm. Furthermore, we have confirmed that the linearity of pattern size is so different from ArF photomask and it is well explained with the Gaussian blur model based on the electron distribution of EUV photomask.
Methods of Evaluation and Quantification of Microangiopathy in High Perfusion Microangiopathy (Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Diabetic Microangiopathy) (2002)

Noninvasive macro- and microcirculatory tests provide quantitative information that offers answers to most questions posed in venous diseases. Duplex scanning is used to assess the macrocirculation, and microcirculatory methods are used to assess and quantify venous microangiopathy. Laser Doppler flowmetry is used to assess perfusion. Transcutaneous Po(2) and Pco(2) measurements are used to study venous hypertension, and strain-gauge plethysmography is used to assess capillary filtration. In venous hypertension, fluid filtration into the extracapillary compartment is increased. The increase in filtration is associated with a decreased venoarteriolar response. To quantify capillary filtration, two methods have been developed: venous occlusion plethysmography and rate of ankle swelling. These methods quantify filtration into the extracapillary compartment and, therefore, are an indication of the formation of edema, the most frequent sign in venous hypertension. Other methods, such as the vacuum suction chamber and the edema tester, can be used to assess changes due to treatments in venous hypertension. The techniques described in this article should be used in controlled environmental conditions
Protograph-Based LDPC Code Design for Bit-Metric Decoding (2015)

A protograph-based low-density parity-check (LDPC) code design technique for bandwidth-efficient coded modulation is presented. The approach jointly optimizes the LDPC code node degrees and the mapping of the coded bits to the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) bit-channels. For BICM with uniform input and for BICM with probabilistic shaping, binary-input symmetric-output surrogate channels are constructed and used for code design. The constructed codes perform as good as multi-edge type codes of Zhang and Kschischang (2013). For 64-ASK with probabilistic shaping, a blocklength 64800 code is constructed that operates within 0.69 dB of 0.5log(1+SNR) at a spectral efficiency of 4.2 bits/channel use and a frame error rate of 1e-3.
Virtual Camera Tools for an Image2Video Application (2008)

This paper proposes a set of virtual camera tools developed as a part of an image to video system, oriented to the adaptation of large images to be viewed on small displays without a significant loss of information. This transmoding system automates the process of scrolling and zooming through an image with a minimal user interaction by simulating a virtual camera movement through the picture. The process is automatic and the user interaction will be limited to establish some preferences on the video generation. The focus of this article is the presentation of the algorithms designed to obtain smooth, user-customizable camera movements.
Additional methods and materials used to form micro- and nanofibers (2014)

This chapter covers several additional methods used to form micro- and nanofibers. Some of them have already achieved maturity, such as the island-in-the-sea method discussed in Section 6.1, melt fracture in meltblowing processes (Section 6.2) and the flash spinning process (Section 6.3). Some others are still relatively exotic or under development, like the two methods based on Couette shear flow described in Section 6.4, or the centrifugal spinning method in Section 6.5. Nontraditional materials used for nanofiber formation, discussed in Section 6.6, include liquid crystals, conducting polymers, biopolymers and denatured proteins. Finally, Sections 6.7 and 6.8 discuss the specifics of drawing glass optical fibers, and in particular, polarization-maintaining optical fibers with multilobal cladding (Section 6.8).
Isotopic and geochemical evolution of rainwater percolating through the rocky outcrops: Judaea mountain case study. &#160;&#160; (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Groundwater recharge of mountain aquifer requires detailed knowledge of the hydrologic system and adequate monitoring and modeling methods to determine water amount and water quality evolution. Mountain aquifers are well known of their highly complex lithologic structure and surface morphology. These become more significant in dry climate regions (&amp;lt;300 mm rainfall/year) which are characterized by erratic rain pattern and extreme deep thickness unsaturated zone.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this study we monitor the isotopic and geo-chemical evolution affecting the composition of the unsaturated porewater during deep infiltration, from surface to depth that is not affected from evaporation. The geo-chemical processes were characterized related to land surface morphology and climate conditions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The research setup includes instrumentation of first-order stream which is characterized by two main typical geomorphologic setting: rocky terrain and deep soil along the stream channel. Each plot was instrumented with a monitoring setup that include a meteorological station and Vadose Zone Monitoring System (VMS) that enables continuous water content measurement and collection of unsaturated porewater from the vadose zone.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Fast increases in water content and arrival of depleted &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;O (VSMOW) reveal quick and deep infiltration of rainwater during storm events, while enriched &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;O arrival indicates slower infiltration of water that is exposed to evaporation. In addition, the geo-chemical processes exhibited depletion in &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C (PDB) of rainwater during the infiltration (-19 to -11 &amp;amp;#8240;) which indicates on dominant of biogenic activities and relatively low rock-water interactions. Major elements correlation network expresses the contribution of dust and rain to the rock evolution across the water flow path.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The study results clearly exhibited different infiltration rates in each site. Fast infiltration at the rocky terrain due to rock outcrops on the surface create funnels for collecting the local runoff and delivering it into high permeability fractured zones where the water penetrates directly to the deep sections. In contrast, the bare soil areas such as hilltops or man-made terraces in streams with highly developed soil cross-section, reveal limited infiltration. Also, the annual rainfall pattern impacts the geochemical process and finally impacts the groundwater quantity and quality.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A software-based redundancy concept for building automation networks (2013)

Reliability in automation networks is an important topic. Thus, redundant communication is fundamental in this context. In contrast to other automation domains, building automation networks facilitate Ethernet and IP communication and require reliable and predictable communication that are ideally based on standard network technologies. Since automation components are often based on commonly used operating systems, software-based solutions come into play. However, pure software-based solutions are inefficient and often infeasible due to limited processing resources. Thus, a hybrid redundancy concept is proposed that facilitates standard hardware components in combination with lightweight software modules. This paper presents a new redundancy mechanism for Ethernet networks based on a ring topology. This approach makes use of VLAN-capable Ethernet switches in combination with software modules for controlling the network traffic. Thereby, VLANs are used to provide physical redundancy by preventing from Ethernet loops. The proposed concept can therefore be used on different platforms and provides a transparent and reliable communication channel for automation applications. The concept is theoretically analyzed. Finally, a proof-of-concept shows the feasibility.
Bioreclamation of coal mine overburden dumps in India. (2000)

The growth performance of selected tree species on five coal mine overburden dumps in India has been studied for two years. Results indicate that the survival rate of tree species has been from 49 to 65% after two years of overburden dump revegetation. The values for plant height, diameter increment and biomass accumulation have ranged between 116 and 301 cm, 21 and 50 mm and 0.1 and 4.23 kg/plant respectively across all sites. Among the selected tree species Dalbergia sisoo (Sisum) and Leucena leucocephala (Subabool) were observed to be the fastest growing tree species at the Mandaman, Chora and Mudidih sites. But, Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Prospopis juliflora (Prosopis) have exhibited maximum growth at the Ghugus and South Balanda sites. Therefore, results of these pilot studies will help in the selection of plant species for the bioreclamation of large scale overburden dumps with similar conditions.
A 464GOPS 620GOPS/W heterogeneous multi-core SoC for image-recognition applications (2012)

The use of image recognition technologies is becoming more popular recently in a variety of industries such as automotive, surveillance, and others. SoCs for such image recognition applications are required to be powerful enough to support real-time multiple object recognition, with power consumption not exceeding a few Watts. Adaptability to a range of applications is also desirable. In this context, massively parallel processors and heterogeneous many-core processors with 200GOPS have been proposed. However, rising demands for simultaneous execution of multiple applications leads to even higher performance requirements. In advanced driver-assistance systems for automotive, for example, forward collision warning and traffic sign recognition should execute simultaneously to improve safety of the system. In addition, the accuracy of recognition is also important. With its high accuracy (96% detection rate/0.1% false-positive rate), object recognition using co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG) is a promising algorithm. However, the algorithm requires an extensive amount of computation. For example, a desktop computer with a 3GHz quad-core processor is needed for CoHOG-based pedestrian detection in a backover prevention (BOP) application. Considering these requirements, we have developed an image recognition SoC with the following features: 1) a multi-core processor to provide adaptability to various applications; 2) accelerators for image processing tasks and image recognition tasks to realize high performance at low power consumption; and, 3) a hardware accelerator for a CoHOG based real-time recognition.
Functional Rehabilitation: Coordination of Artificial and Natural Controllers (2007)

In the framework of FES-assisted rehabilitation and reeducation, we addressed in this chapter the problem of the interaction between artificial and natural systems co-existing within patient's body. Our approach consisted in placing micro-sensors on subject's healthy limbs (trunk, intact leg...) in order to observe voluntary actions at two stages: detecting patient's intention, and monitoring an ongoing action. We also formalized a unified framework to merge these strategic and tactic levels. We illustrated the approach by implementing solutions for two practical examples: detection of sit-to-stand transfer and gait monitoring, and validated the developed algorithms with online experiments performed on valid subjects. Since the targeted application of these results is FES for disabled people, the next step is to adapt the developed techniques to patient characteristics. Detection of postural transitions and action monitoring are based on reference patterns which will have to be elicited by patients; thus, a phase of training will be needed in order to determine for each person the optimal valid limb motion according to lesion type and individual postural capabilities. Another issue to keep in mind is that in hemiplegia and incomplete paraplegia, the paretic extremities are under influences of both artificial and biological controls. The patient can have a partial voluntary action on its deficient limbs with limited sensorial information. Coexistence of natural and artificial control loops is also true within the
Management of hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis in the era of effective antiviral therapy (2016)

See Article on Page 1755
Monolithic integration of the III/V laser material Ga(NAsP) lattice-matched on (001) Silicon substrate (2008)

Multi quantum well (MQW) heterostructures in the GaP-based dilute nitride Ga(NAsP) were pseudomorphically grown on exact oriented (001) Silicon substrates without the formation of misfit dislocations. Efficient room temperature photoluminescence has been observed.
A Direct Computer Simulation of Blood Flow using Particle Method (2005)

A particle method for computer simulation of blood flow is proposed to directly analyze the characteristic mechanical behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood flow. The entire simulation region including plasma and an RBC was discretized by particles that move in Lagrangian coordinates. The MPS method was applied to the incompressible flow analysis of plasma, and an elastic spring model based on the minimum energy principle to the motion of deformable RBC. A two-dimensional simulation of blood flow between parallel plates revealed that the proposed method successfully expressed the deformation of RBC depending on membrane stiffness during its movement downstream, corresponding to a deformation in a parachute shape observed in experiments.