gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous model of Modular Multilevel Converter with experimental verification (2011)

The Modular Multilevel Converter is an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for medium and high voltage applications. This paper describes a continuous model of a three phase Modular Multilevel Converter. The model is derived from a system of ordinary differential equations. It can be used for a model based converter and/or control design. A comparison of simulations and experimental results using a (4.16 kV, 1MVA) induction motor drive shows the high accuracy of the proposed model.
Synchronization in the image Flow Cytometer (2011)

The Image Flow-Cytometer permits to acquire the cell images of the lymphocytes. These images are used to count the Micro Nucleuses (MNs) induced in the cells by carcinogenic agents. The result of the count is widely used for analysis of cytogenetic damage. The acquisition is performed under the hypothesis of laminar flow of the lymphocyte. Nevertheless, many are the causes that make invalid this hypothesis and cause alterations during the image acquisition. The final effect is the presence of different alterations superimposed to the images, that misstate the algorithms used to detect the MNs. In order to reduce the number of images affected by not admissible alteration range, and to increase the reliability of the medical response, a new hardware system is pointed out to synchronize with high accuracy the image acquisition to the lymphocyte flow.
Transformation of resin sandaracopimaric acid into androstane analogs (1988)

Preparation of the α,β-unsaturated 15-ketosteroid 13 by acid-promoted cyclization of the pimarane diterpene β-hydroxyacid 5 is described.
Teriflunomide Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Selectively Modulates CD8 Memory T Cells (2021)

Overall, these findings demonstrate that the clinical efficacy of teriflunomide results partially in the specific susceptibility of memory CD8 T cells to DHODH inhibition in patients with RRMS and strengthens active roles for these T cells in the pathophysiological process of MS.
Initial experience with cultured epithelial autografts in massively burnt patients (2002)

Because of the poor graft take seen in the patients in the present study, the use of CEA sheets only as a form of temporary biological dressing is recommended.
Immersive retrospection by video-photogrammetry - UX assessment tool of interactions in museums, a case study (2017)

Studying interactions in museums often omits to consider the complexity of the space and the visitors' behaviors. Visitors' walking paths do not provide enough insight of their user experience (UX) since they are distant from the experiential realities. Videogrammetry can convey such dimensions of an environmental experience. Because of limitations of real-time playback, a twofold approach is suggested: "immersive videos" combined with "photogrammetric models". A granular optimal experience assessment method using retrospection interviews is also applied providing a finer evaluation of the perceived experience through time. This method permits to characterize museum interactive installations, according to the perceived challenges and skills of the interaction's task, based this time on immersive retrospection. This paper proposes the "Immersive retrospection" by "Immersive video-photogrammetry" as a UX assessment tool of interactions in museums. A hybrid virtual environment was used in this study, allowing social VR without the use of headsets, through a life-sized projection of interactive 3D content. The study showed that Immersive video-photogrammetry facilitates the recall of memories and allows a deepened self-observation analysis.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Emtricitabine Support Its Once Daily Dosing for the Treatment of HIV Infection (2004)

Emtricitabine (FTC) is a potent deoxycytidine nucleoside analogue that was recently approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Emtricitabine is activated by intracellular phosphorylation to its 5'-triphosphate (FTC- 5'-TP), a competitive inhibitor of the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). Early clinical studies incorporating pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analyses provided a sound rationale for developing FTC as a once daily drug. A short-term open-label monotherapy trial in therapy naive HIV-infected subjects evaluated various dosage regimens of FTC, i.e., 25, 100, and 200 mg qd and/or bid, with serial measurements of plasma HIV RNA, plasma FTC, and intracellular (PBMC) FTC-5'-TP levels over the 14 days of treatment. PK data were augmented by other steady-state studies, one in healthy volunteers and the other in HIV-infected patients receiving 200 mg FTC qd, with measurements of plasma FTC and/or intracellular FTC-5'-TP levels. Correlation between anti-HIV activity and FTC-5'-TP levels was examined with dose– and concentration–response relationships determined. The once daily dosing schedule is supported by the relatively long half-lives of plasma FTC (8–10 hr) and PBMC FTC-TP (39 hr) and the high plasma FTC and PBMC FTC-5'-TP concentrations. HIV RNA suppression (PD) correlates well with PBMC FTC-5'-TP levels (PK), both reaching a plateau at doses ≥200 mg/day. The PK and PD characteristics of FTC demonstrate that it is a once daily nucleoside RT inhibitor.
Abstract WP38: High Variability in Neuronal Loss: Time is Brain, Re-quantified (2019)

Background and Purpose: Rapid and progressive loss of brain elements occurs in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to a large-vessel occlusion (LVO). With time, the amount of brain lost increases. This has been previously quantified to be approximately 1.9 million neurons per minute. Clinically observed phenotypes indicate that large heterogeneity exists in ischemic cell death, in this study we aim to quantify the distribution and range of rate of loss of brain elements. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive anterior circulation AIS due to LVO. Ischemic core volume was measured using automated software processing and time from last known well to imaging was recorded. Using previously published data on brain volume and element counts from morphometry and neuro-stereology studies, we computed rate of loss of brain elements for our real-world LVO stroke patients. Results: Mean ischemic core was 50.4 ml and mean time to imaging from symptoms onset was 8.7 hours. This translated to a mean loss per minute of 2.03 million neurons, 14.8 billion synapses and 12.8 kilometers myelinated fibers. The rate of neuron loss was highly variable, ranging from less than 35,000 to more than 27 million neurons per minute. Conclusions: AIS due to LVO has wide ranging phenotypes of infarct growth. Rate of neuron loss per minute ranges from less than 35,000 to more than 27 million, with a mean and median of 2 million and 0.9 million respectively. These data suggest that time to treatment may be even more critical for a subset of patients while a separate population of patients may continue to benefit from reperfusion therapy, even at late time windows.
A Hybrid BCI System Combining P300 and SSVEP and Its Application to Wheelchair Control (2013)

In this paper, a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system combining P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is proposed to improve the performance of asynchronous control. The four groups of flickering buttons were set in the graphical user interface. Each group contained one large button in the center and eight small buttons around it, all of which flashed at a fixed frequency (e.g., 7.5 Hz) to evoke SSVEP. At the same time, the four large buttons of the four groups were intensified through shape and color changes in a random order to produce P300 potential. During the control state, the user focused on a desired group of buttons (target buttons) to evoke P300 potential and SSVEP, simultaneously. Discrimination between the control and idle states was based on the detection of both P300 and SSVEP on the same group of buttons. As an application, this method was used to produce a "go/stop" command in real-time wheelchair control. Several experiments were conducted, and data analysis results showed that combining P300 potential and SSVEP significantly improved the performance of the BCI system in terms of detection accuracy and response time.
TDRSS Telecommunications Payload: An Overview (1979)

The telecommunications payload is described for the tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS). The salient design features of the electronic equipment, as well as the performance requirements that such equipment must satisfy to fulfill NASA and Western Union communication functions are presented. Operational characteristics associated with the single and multiple access channels used to relay information to and from users are also highlighted.
Advances in transferring chemical vapour deposition graphene: a review (2017)

This review highlights recent developments in CVD graphene transfer methods from the perspective of mechanism, cleanness, quality, reliability, and cost.
Oxidation-induced stacking faults in silicon. I. Nucleation phenomenon (1974)

Mechanisms for the nucleation of oxidation-induced stacking faults in silicon have been examined. Fault nucleation is found to occur at sites of mechanical damage and at impurity inhomogeneities in the silicon. In either case, nucleation occurs by the coalescence of excess interstitials into Frank loops surrounded by dislocations of the type (a/3)(111). Nucleation in damage-free crystals occurs along a banded or striated distribution. This is identical to the distribution of shallow noncrystallographic etch pits in the unoxidized wafer which have been linked to vacancy-oxygen complexes. The common distribution pattern indicates that the impurity inhomogeneities are nucleation sites for fault formation. Models for the nucleation phenomenon are proposed based upon local excess oxygen diffusion into regions of excess vacancy concentration in the crystals.
Monitoring trihalomethanes in chlorinated waters using a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method with a non-chlorinated organic solvent and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (2016)

The environmental monitoring of trihalomethanes (THMs) has been performed by setting up a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method in combination with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The optimized method only requires ∼26 µL of decanol as extractant solvent, dissolved in ∼1 mL of acetone (dispersive solvent) for 5 mL of the environmental water containing THMs. The mixture is then subjected to vortex for 1 min and then centrifuged for 2 min at 3500 rpm. The microdroplet containing the extracted THMs is then sampled with a micro-syringe, and injected (1 µL) in the GC-MS. The method is characterized for being fast (3 min for the entire sample preparation step) and environmentally friendly (low amounts of solvents required, being all non-chlorinated), and also for getting average relative recoveries of 90.2-106% in tap waters; relative standard deviation values always lower than 11%; average enrichment factors of 48-49; and detection limits down to 0.7 µg·L-1. Several waters: tap waters, pool waters, and wastewaters were successfully analyzed with the method proposed. Furthermore, the method was used to monitor the formation of THMs in wastewaters when different chlorination parameters, namely temperature and pH, were varied.
Action Recognition From Thermal Videos Using Joint and Skeleton Information (2021)

Although various studies based on thermal images have been conducted, few studies have focused on the simultaneous extraction of joints and skeleton information of an object from a thermal image, and performed human action recognition using this information. Unlike in the case of visible light images, performing joint detection and skeleton generation on thermal images often leads to the complete disappearance of spatial information such as joints. In this case, it is extremely difficult to extract joints information from the object. Moreover, the accuracy of action recognition is significantly reduced owing to this issue. Therefore, a new method to extract joints and skeleton information is proposed in this study to address these issues. In the proposed method, an original 1-channel thermal image was converted into a 3-channel thermal image and then the images were combined to improve the extraction performance. A generative adversarial network (GAN) was used in the proposed method for extracting joints and skeleton information. In addition, research to recognize various human actions was conducted using the joints and skeleton information extracted by this method. The proposed human action recognition is performed by combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). As a result of the experiments using self-collected and open data, it was found that the method proposed in this study shows good performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Photo clip art (2007)

We present a system for inserting new objects into existing photographs by querying a vast image-based object library, pre-computed using a publicly available Internet object database. The central goal is to shield the user from all of the arduous tasks typically involved in image compositing. The user is only asked to do two simple things: 1) pick a 3D location in the scene to place a new object; 2) select an object to insert using a hierarchical menu. We pose the problem of object insertion as a data-driven, 3D-based, context-sensitive object retrieval task. Instead of trying to manipulate the object to change its orientation, color distribution, etc. to fit the new image, we simply retrieve an object of a specified class that has all the required properties (camera pose, lighting, resolution, etc) from our large object library. We present new automatic algorithms for improving object segmentation and blending, estimating true 3D object size and orientation, and estimating scene lighting conditions. We also present an intuitive user interface that makes object insertion fast and simple even for the artistically challenged.
EFFECTS OF MIX-PROPORTIONING FACTORS ON PROPERTIES OF WASTE WOOD-WASTE EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES BY HOT PRESS MOLDING METHOD (2003)

A styrene solution of waste expanded polystyrene with a crosslinking agent and an initiator is used as a binder for waste wood-waste expanded polystyrene composites. The waste wood-waste expanded polystyrene composites are prepared with various binder contents and filler-binder ratios by using a hot press molding method. The apparent density of the composites is increased with increasing binder content and filler-binder ratio, while their water absorption and expansion in thickness are decreased with increasing binder content and filler-binder ratio. The maximum flexural strength and wet flexural strength of the composites are obtained at a binder content of 35% and a filler-binder ratio of 0.8. Decreases in the flexural strengths of the composites due to water immersion at 20 and 100℃ are hardly recognized at binder contents of 30% or more.
Degradation of biomaterials by phagocyte-derived oxidants. (1993)

Polymers used in implantable devices, although relatively unreactive, may degrade in vivo through unknown mechanisms. For example, polyetherurethane elastomers used as cardiac pacemaker lead insulation have developed surface defects after implantation. This phenomenon, termed "environmental stress cracking," requires intimate contact between polymer and host phagocytic cells, suggesting that phagocyte-generated oxidants might be involved. Indeed, brief exposure of polyetherurethane to activated human neutrophils, hypochlorous acid, or peroxynitrite produces modifications of the polymer similar to those found in vivo. Damage to the polymer appears to arise predominantly from oxidation of the urethane-aliphatic ester and aliphatic ether groups. There are substantial increases in the solid phase surface oxygen content of samples treated with hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite or activated human neutrophils, resembling those observed in explanted polyetherurethane. Furthermore, both explanted and hypochlorous acid-treated polyetherurethane show marked reductions in polymer molecular weight. Interestingly, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite appear to attack polyetherurethane at different sites. Hypochlorous acid or activated neutrophils cause decreases in the urethane-aliphatic ester stretch peak relative to the aliphatic ether stretch peak (as determined by infrared spectroscopy) whereas peroxynitrite causes selective loss of the aliphatic ether. In vivo degradation may involve both hypohalous and nitric oxide-based oxidants because, after long-term implantation, both stretch peaks are diminished. These results suggest that in vivo destruction of implanted polyetherurethane involves attack by phagocyte-derived oxidants.
Breaking of Phase Symmetry in Non-Equilibrium Aharonov-Bohm Oscillations through a Quantum Dot (2009)

Linear response conductance of a two terminal Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer is an even function of magnetic field. This "phase symmetry" is no expected to hold beyond the linear response regime. In simple AB rings the phase of the oscillations changes smoothly (almost linearly) with voltage bias. However, in an interferometer with a quantum dot in its arm, tuned to the Coulomb blockade regime, experiments indicate that phase symmetry seems to persist even in the nonlinear regime. In this letter we discuss the processes that break AB phase symmetry. In particular we show that breaking of phase symmetry in such an interferometer is possible only after the onset of inelastic cotunneling, i.e. when the voltage bias is larger than the excitation energy in the dot. The asymmetric component of AB oscillations is significant only when the contributions of different levels to the symmetric component nearly cancel out (e.g., due to different parity of these levels), which explains the sharp changes of the AB phase. We show that our theoretical results are consistent with experimental findings.
Experimental investigations of the performance of a thermoacoustic electricity generator (2019)

This paper presents the experimental investigation of a two-stage thermoacoustic electricity generator able to convert heat at the temperature of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion into useful electricity. The novel configuration is one wavelength and consists of two identical stages. The identical stages will have out of phase acoustic wave at similar amplitudes which allows coupling a linear alternator to run in push-pull mode. The experimental set-up is 16.1 m long and runs at 54.7 Hz. The working medium is helium at 28 bar. The maximum generated electric power is 73.3 W at 5.64% thermal-to-electric efficiency. The working parameters including load resistance, mean pressure and heating power were investigated.
Early Ca2+ signalling events in neutrophils detected by rapid confocal laser scanning (1995)

Characterization of early Ca2+ signalling events is crucial for understanding the mechanisms which lead to cell signalling. Rapid confocal laser scanning of Fluo3-loaded neutrophils was used to provide spatially resolved cytosolic free Ca2+ measurements from neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe with a time resolution of 12.5 ms. Heterogeneity of the magnitude and timing of the response was observed between individual neutrophils. There was always a delay between contact with the stimulus and onset of the Ca2+ signal, with a minimum delay of 75 ms and a mean delay of 530 ms (n = 150). There was no delay in the cytosolic free Ca2+ rise induced by ionomycin. The earliest Ca2+ event detected following stimulation with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (1 microM) was a localized rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ from a location within the cell, pointing to Ca2+ store release as the initial event for triggering whole-cell Ca2+ changes in these cells.
Effect of calcium chelators on the Ca2+-dependent luminescence of aequorin (1984)

The luminescence of aequorin, a useful tool for studying intracellular Ca2+, was recently found to be inhibited by the free EDTA and EGTA that are present in calcium buffers. In the present study we have examined the effect of the free forms of various chelators in the calibration of [Ca2+] with aequorin. Free EDTA and EGTA in low-ionic-strength solutions strongly inhibited the Ca2+-triggered luminescence of aequorin, causing large errors in the calibration of [Ca2+] (approx. 2 pCa units), whereas in solutions containing 150mM-KCl, errors were relatively small (0.2-0.3 pCa units). Citric acid in low-ionic-strength solutions and [(carbamoylmethyl)imino]diacetic acid in high-ionic-strength solutions showed no inhibition and did not cause detectable error in the calibration of [Ca2+], indicating that they are better chelators than EDTA and EGTA for use with aequorin.
Glucocorticoids Promote Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Expression of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Genes (2006)

In the adult human, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) resident in the bone marrow retain the capacity to proliferate and differentiate along multiple connective tissue lineages, including cartilage. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are required for chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro; however, the exact role of GCs in this process is not known. In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in the presence or absence of DEX, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), or DEX plus TGF-beta. GC treatment upregulated gene expression of cartilage matrix components aggrecan, dermatopontin, and collagen type XI; enhanced TGF-beta-mediated upregulation of collagen type II and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; and increased aggrecan and collagen type II production as well as cartilage matrix-sulfated proteoglycans as assessed by immunohistochemistry and alcian blue staining. Inclusion of an antagonist of GCs inhibited expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers, suggesting that the GC effects during chondrogenesis are mediated by the GC receptor (GR). Steady levels of the major active form of GR, GRalpha, were detected in both undifferentiated and differentiating hMSCs, whereas the dominant-negative isoform GRbeta, present at low levels in undifferentiated hMSCs, was downregulated during chondrogenesis. In the presence of DEX and TGF-beta, expression of a collagen type II gene promoter luciferase reporter construct in hMSCs was upregulated. However, coexpression of GRbeta dramatically inhibited promoter activity, suggesting that GRalpha is required for GC-mediated modulation of chondrogenesis and that GCs may play an important role in the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis.
A new approach to the estimation and rejection of disturbances in servo systems (2005)

This paper proposes a new approach to disturbance estimation based on a curvature model that improves the disturbance rejection performance of a servo system. The main feature is that the stability of the control system is guaranteed when the disturbance estimate is incorporated directly into the designed servo control law. Experimental results show that disturbances are rejected efficiently when this approach is used.