gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of palm oil on cardiovascular risk. (1991)

A major public health concern of affluent nations is the excessive consumption of dietary fats which are now closely linked to coronary heart disease. Against this scenario, the tropical oils and palm oil in particular, have been cast as major villains in the U.S.A., despite the fact that palm oil consumption there is negligible. The unsuspecting public may not realise that the call to avoid palm oil is nothing more than a trade ploy since in recent years palm oil has been very competitive and has gained a major share of the world's edible oils and fats market. Many also lose sight of the fact that, palm oil, like other edible oils and fats, is an important component of the diet. The allegation that palm oil consumption leads to raised blood cholesterol levels and is therefore atherogenic is without scientific foundation. Examination of the chemical and fatty acid composition of palm oil or its liquid fraction should convince most nutritionists that the oil has little cholesterol-raising potential. The rationale for these are: it is considered cholesterol free. its major saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (16:0) has recently been shown to be neutral in its cholesterolaemic effect, particularly in situations where the LDL receptors have not been down-regulated by dietary means or through a genetic effect. palm oil contains negligible amounts (less than 1.5%) of the hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0). it has moderately rich amounts of the hypocholesterolaemic, monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1, omega-9) and adequate amounts of linoleic acid. (18:2, omega-6). It contains minor components such as the vitamin E tocotrienols which are not only powerful antioxidants but are also natural inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. Feeding experiments in various animal species and humans also do not support the allegation that palm oil is atherogenic. On the contrary, palm oil consumption reduces blood cholesterol in comparison with the traditional sources of saturated fats such as coconut oil, dairy and animal fats. In addition, palm oil consumption may raise HDL levels and reduce platelet aggregability. As with all nutrients, there is a need to obtain a balance of different fatty acids found in fats in edible oils and other food sources. There is no single ideal source of fat that answers to the recent American Heart Association's call to reflect a 1:1:1 ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in relation to the recommended dietary fat intake of 30% of calories or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by tumor-infiltrating macrophages essentially supports tumor angiogenesis, and IgG immune complexes potentiate the process. (2002)

Tumor growth requires neoangiogenesis. Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family play an important role as angiogenic promoters in malignant tumors. Tumor cells and stromal cells are sources of VEGF in the tumor. We tested the relevance of the tumor-infiltrating macrophage (TIM) contribution as a source of VEGF in the tumor environment and the role of the local immune complexes in inducing the TIM release of VEGF. Colon and breast carcinoma biopsies were studied with immunoperoxidase staining of CD11b, sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen (Ag), and gamma immunoglobulin (IgG). The presence of TIM containing phagosomes positive for both IgG and sTn Ag was observed in all tumors, showing that TIMs endocytosed local immune complexes. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of macrophage (MO) mRNA showed VEGF-A and -B, but not VEGF-C or -D. That pattern was not modified by the presence of tumor cells. In vitro, the interaction of tumor cells and MO promoted the secretion of MO VEGF. The MO secretion of VEGF was augmented when tumor cells were added to cocultures containing MOs and polymorphonuclear cells. Immune complexes formed with tumor sTn Ag and IgG induced a 5-fold increase of MO VEGF secretion. In vivo, TIMs and neoangiogenesis were associated. In vivo experiments with severe combined immunodeficient and athymic nude (nu/nu) mice showed increased number of TIMs, increased tumor angiogenesis, and faster tumor growth in mice with significant serum anti-sTn IgG. This study demonstrates that VEGF secreted by TIMs represents an essential support for tumor angiogenesis and growth, certainly influenced by the humoral antitumor immune response.
Serologic and histologic diagnosis of toxoplasmic abortions in sheep in Oregon (1990)

Between 1983 and 1989, we examined 586 fetuses and dead lambs submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Oregon. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 74 (12.6%), campylobacteriosis in 89 (15.2%), chlamydiosis in 75 (12.8%), miscellaneous infections in 153 (26.1%), noninfectious causes in 37 (6.3%), and undetermined causes in 158 (27.0%). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii agglutinating antibodies (greater than or equal to 20) in body fluids or heart serum was considered specific for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in ovine fetuses or lambs. Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers (reciprocal) in 285 fluids from fetuses or dead lambs were less than 20 (64.5%), 20 (4.5%), 40 (1.7%), 80 (0.7%), 160 (2.1%), 320 (1.7%), 640 (4.9%), 1,280 (2.8%), 2,560 (4.5%), 5,120 (3.8%), 10,240 (2.1%), and greater than or equal to 20,480 (6.3%).
Abnormal Intestinal Histology in Neonates with Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2003)

In animal models, when swallowing is experimentally prevented in utero, bowel length and weight are reduced, and villus height, crypt depth, and villus function are retarded. Little is known about the intestinal histology in infants with gastrointestinal (GI) tract anomalies. We examined the histological architecture of the intestine in neonates with GI anomalies in comparison to that of normal fetuses. Villus height, area, and length and crypt depth of normal fetuses were quantified in the proximal small bowel (n = 11) and measurements compared to those of surgical specimens of neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract (n = 16). Villus height and area and lamina propria height and area increased linearly from 8 to 24 weeks of gestation. In infants with anomalies of the GI tract, the villi were blunted and lacked normal histological architecture, the crypts were disorganized, and the crypt depth was significantly decreased (p = 0.004). Enterocyte height and area were significantly greater in neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract. The intestinal histology in neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract differs significantly from that of normal fetuses.
Simulation of intense laser pulse propagation in capillary discharge plasma channels (1999)

Summary form only given. Many applications of ultra intense laser pulses require propagation in plasmas over distances of many Rayleigh lengths. Hollow plasma channels such as those produced by a capillary discharge have successfully guided pulses with small spot size (r/sub s//spl sim/30 /spl mu/m) over distances as long as 6 cm. Recent experiments have extended the capillary discharge technique to laser intensities of 10/sup 17/ W/cm/sup 3/. These experiments use a double capillary design that allows more control over plasma parameters. Simulations of laser propagation in these channels show that the laser pulse radius undergoes oscillations about the expected matched radius r/sub M/ at the expected frequency. The pulse may be distorted by several effects, including laser-generated ionization and plasma motion in the intense laser fields. In addition, finite pulse length corrections to the wave equation cause initially the oscillations in the laser beam size to damp in the front of the beam and grow in the back. Eventually, the oscillations are damped by phase mixing effects. Experiments to date have been at relatively high densities (/spl sim/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/). For standard laser wakefield accelerator applications, the on-axis channel density is likely to be substantially lower. As expected, simulations in this lower density regime show lower accelerating gradients, larger laser spot sizes, and higher wakefield phase velocities. The dephasing limit on single stage final electron beam energy is thus also much higher. Possible methods for producing lower density plasma channels will also be discussed.
Oxidation von Alkanen durch elektrophile späte Übergangsmetalle in homogener Lösung (1998)

Die selektive Oxidation von Alkanen ist für Chemiker in Industrie und Hochschule ein Thema von größter Bedeutung. Die Alkanoxidation wurde bereits vor 25 Jahren entdeckt, doch haben neue Entwicklungen dieser Reaktion, katalysiert durch elektrophile, späte Übergangsmetalle, sowohl wichtige Erkenntnisse über den Mechanismus als auch potentiell in der Praxis anwendbare Methoden zur Umwandlung von Alkanen geliefert.
Integrative Evaluation of Seakeeping Performance in Initial Ship Design (3 rd Report) (1984)

In the previous papers, the authors presented a method for evaluating the seakeeping performance of ships at sea in the initial ship design stage.They introduced 'mission effectiveness' concept as a measure which gave the effect of seakeeping performance on ship system and her missions, and showed it was effective for evaluating the seakeeping performance of ships. They showed too that the short-term mission effectiveness gave the ship's inherent seakeeping performance, and that the long-term mission effectiveness was important to obtain informations for cost/performance trade-off which ship designers as well as ship owners must evaluate in the initial ship planning and design.In the present paper, the authors present a method for estimating the long-term mission effectiveness of ship system, which is to be operated under a mission composed of several different duties, as a function of long-term conditional probability. The long-term mission effectiveness obtained by the present method is compared with that estimated by the simulation method previously. A method for cost/performance evaluation is presented, which gives the mission effectiveness in a broad sense. The present method is applied for the same patrol boats which were used for the numerical examples in the previous papers.
Contact with dogs during the first year of life is associated with decreased risk of respiratory illness (2012)

Commentary on: Bergroth E, Remes S, Pekkanen J, et al. Respiratory tract illnesses during the first year of life: effect of dog and cat contacts. Pediatrics 2012;130:211–20.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Several groups have studied the associations between animal contacts early in life and asthma and allergic diseases in childhood.1 Reports on the association between pet exposure … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2011-2825%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22778307%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=130/2/211&atom=%2Febnurs%2F16%2F4%2F103.atom
20-nm-Node trench-gate-self-aligned crystalline In-Ga-Zn-Oxide FET with high frequency and low off-state current (2015)

In this study, we proposed scalable trench-gate-self-aligned (TGSA) c-axis aligned crystalline In-Ga-Zn-Oxide field effect transistors (CAAC-IGZO FETs) formed by only three masks. We demonstrated that the 20-nm-node FETs with 11-nm-EOT exhibit good short-channel properties, high frequency, and low off-state current. The TGSA FETs can be candidates for key devices to realize super low power large-scale integration technology such as the Internet of Things.
Optimization models for reliability of modular software systems (1993)

The authors present optimization models for software systems that are developed using a modular design technique. Four different software structures are considered: one program, no redundancy; one program, with redundancy; multiple programs, no redundancy; and multiple programs, with redundancy. The optimization problems are solved by using the authors' version of established optimization methods. The practical usefulness of this study is to draw the attention of software practitioners to an existing methodology that may be used to make an optimal selection out of an available pool of modules with known reliability and cost. All four models maximize software reliability while ensuring that expenditures remain within available resources. The software manager is allowed to select the appropriate model for a given situation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human antibodies targeting Zika virus NS1 provide protection against disease in a mouse model (2018)

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Specific treatments and vaccines for Zika virus are not currently available. Here, we isolate and characterize four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an infected patient that target the non-structural protein NS1. We show that while these antibodies are non-neutralizing, NS1-specific mAbs can engage FcγR without inducing antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that mAb AA12 has protective efficacy against lethal challenges of African and Asian lineage strains of Zika virus in Stat2<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Protection is Fc-dependent, as a mutated antibody unable to activate known Fc effector functions or complement is not protective in vivo. This study highlights the importance of the ZIKV NS1 protein as a potential vaccine antigen.
Insulin Regulates Islet α-Cell Function by Reducing KATP Channel Sensitivity to Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Inhibition (2006)

Glucose regulates pancreatic islet alpha-cell glucagon secretion directly by its metabolism to generate ATP in alpha-cells, and indirectly via stimulation of paracrine release of beta-cell secretory products, particularly insulin. How the cellular substrates of these pathways converge in the alpha-cell is not well known. We recently reported the use of the MIP-GFP (mouse insulin promoter-green fluorescent protein) mouse to reliably identify islet alpha- (non-green cells) and beta-cells (green cells), and characterized their ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel properties, showing that alpha-cell K(ATP) channels exhibited a 5-fold higher sensitivity to ATP inhibition than beta-cell K(ATP) channels. Here, we show that insulin exerted paracrine regulation of alpha-cells by markedly reducing the sensitivity of alpha-cell K(ATP) channels to ATP (IC(50) = 0.18 and 0.50 mM in absence and presence of insulin, respectively). Insulin also desensitized beta-cell K(ATP) channels to ATP inhibition (IC(50) = 0.84 and 1.23 mM in absence and presence of insulin, respectively). Insulin effects on both islet cell K(ATP) channels were blocked by wortmannin, indicating that insulin acted on the insulin receptor-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Insulin did not affect alpha-cell A-type K(+) currents. Glutamate, known to also inhibit alpha-cell glucagon secretion, did not activate alpha-cell K(ATP) channel opening. We conclude that a major mechanism by which insulin exerts paracrine control on alpha-cells is by modulating its K(ATP) channel sensitivity to ATP block. This may be an underlying basis for the proposed sequential glucose-insulin regulation of alpha-cell glucagon secretion, which becomes distorted in diabetes, leading to dysregulated glucagon secretion.
Classification of Faults in Multicore Cable via Time–Frequency Domain Reflectometry (2019)

Owing to the increasing complexity of electrical systems, diagnostic techniques of cables used for connecting electrical elements are essential for system maintenance in order to prevent a failure that can cause significant impacts on the overall electrical systems. Multicore structures are typically used as control and instrumentation cables in nuclear power plants, and the failure of the control and instrumentation cables can result in a disaster such as a radiation leak. In this paper, a method for the diagnosis of multicore cables is proposed based on the reflectometry. The diagnosis relates to the classification of defective cores in joint, which is one of the weakest parts in cable systems. The reflected signals obtained through reflectometry are converted into images by an advanced image processing algorithm, and the images are classified using artificial neural networks. The proposed method is demonstrated by experimental data using a real-world multicore cable. In the experiment, the faults are emulated similar to real-world defects using a potentiometer. It is expected that the proposed technique will enhance the stability and reliability of multicore cable systems.
Efficient Synthesis of Episulfones and of SO2 with Any Variation of Oxygen Isotopes Using HOF×CH3CN. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten – neue „Lösungen“ für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse (2000)

Ionische Flüssigkeiten sind bei niedrigen Temperaturen (<100 °C) schmelzende Salze, die eine neuartige Klasse von Lösungsmitteln mit nichtmolekularem, ionischem Charakter darstellen. Auch wenn einige bereits seit 1914 bekannt sind, wurden ionische Flüssigkeiten erst in den letzten zehn Jahren intensiv als Lösungsmittel für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse untersucht. Die seither erschienenen Veröffentlichungen belegen, dass der Ersatz organischer Lösungsmittel durch eine ionische Flüssigkeit zu bemerkenswerten Verbesserungen bekannter Verfahren führen kann: Mit vielen organischen Produktgemischen bilden ionische Flüssigkeiten zwei Phasen. Daraus ergibt sich die Möglichkeit einer mehrphasigen Reaktionsführung zur problemlosen Abtrennung homogener Katalysatoren. Außerdem haben ionische Flüssigkeiten praktisch keinen Dampfdruck, was eine destillative Produktabtrennung stark vereinfacht. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise, dass der Übergang von einem "üblichen" organischen Lösungsmittel zu einer ionischen Flüssigkeit zu einer neuartigen und ungewöhnlichen chemischen Reaktivität führen kann. Dies öffnet ein weites Feld für zukünftige Untersuchungen dieser neuartigen Lösungsmittelklasse in katalytischen Anwendungen.
Design of Four-Patch Multi-Stable Composite Laminates for Shape Morphing Applications (2021)

Abstract Thin bistable composite laminates can be used for shape morphing applications by virtue of their material properties and asymmetric ply layup. These laminates are called bistable because they can be snapped into two or more stable shapes. A single bistable patch can result in simple cylindrical shapes and when multiple such patches are assembled into a single multi-patch laminate they result in more complex shapes and multiple stable shapes that can find wide practical use in shape morphing applications. Analytical models exist that can approximate the stable shapes of the laminates from the input of material properties and laminate geometry. And these models correlate with FEA and experiment to a satisfactory degree and could be used for the design of multi patch laminates. In this research, we make use of these analytical models that solve for a four-patch grid laminate and create a design method based on optimization to solve the reverse problem to arrive at the laminate parameters given the target shape(s). Two approaches are presented wherein one targets a single stable shape and the other targets two stable shapes which are the shapes before and after snap through. This work would be useful to understand how multi-patch laminates could be designed using optimization.
Phospholipid Mesophases at Solid Interfaces: In situ X‐Ray Diffraction and Spin‐Label Studies (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transformation of Carbon Dioxide (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransformation of Carbon DioxideToshiyasu Sakakura, Jun-Chul Choi, and Hiroyuki YasudaView Author Information National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 6, 2365–2387Publication Date (Web):June 13, 2007Publication History Received19 December 2006Published online13 June 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068357uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068357uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44266Altmetric-Citations3387LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Classification of targets using optimized ISAR Euler imagery (2006)

Various approaches exist to enable target classification through a decomposition of the polarimetric scattering matrix. Specifically, the Euler decomposition attempts to express the target scattering properties through more physically relevant parameters. Target classification in general has been limited by signature variability and the saturation of images by non-persistent scatterers.<sup>1</sup> The Euler decomposition is sensitive to additional parameter ambiguities.<sup>2</sup> It will be demonstrated how undesirable ambiguities may be identified and mitigated. Through the analysis of polarimetric ISAR signatures obtained in compact radar ranges at the University of Massachusetts Lowell Submillimeter Technology Laboratory (STL)<sup>3,4,5,6</sup> and the U.S. Army National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC), the cause of non-persistent scatters will be investigated. A proper characterization of non-persistence should lead to better optimization of the Euler decomposition, and thus improve target classification.
High Stability and Efficiency of GaN Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Water (2012)

Continuous hydrogen generation from water was realized for 110 h using an n-type GaN film with a NiO cocatalyst. This GaN–NiO photocatalyst exhibits incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies of 70 and 57% at wavelengths of 300 and 350 nm, respectively. These results indicate that the GaN–NiO photocatalyst has high stability and efficiency for hydrogen generation.