gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust multi-site MR data processing: iterative optimization of bias correction, tissue classification, and registration (2013)

A robust multi-modal tool, for automated registration, bias correction, and tissue classification, has been implemented for large-scale heterogeneous multi-site longitudinal MR data analysis. This work focused on improving the an iterative optimization framework between bias-correction, registration, and tissue classification inspired from previous work. The primary contributions are robustness improvements from incorporation of following four elements: (1) utilize multi-modal and repeated scans, (2) incorporate high-deformable registration, (3) use extended set of tissue definitions, and (4) use of multi-modal aware intensity-context priors. The benefits of these enhancements were investigated by a series of experiments with both simulated brain data set (BrainWeb) and by applying to highly-heterogeneous data from a 32 site imaging study with quality assessments through the expert visual inspection. The implementation of this tool is tailored for, but not limited to, large-scale data processing with great data variation with a flexible interface. In this paper, we describe enhancements to a joint registration, bias correction, and the tissue classification, that improve the generalizability and robustness for processing multi-modal longitudinal MR scans collected at multi-sites. The tool was evaluated by using both simulated and simulated and human subject MRI images. With these enhancements, the results showed improved robustness for large-scale heterogeneous MRI processing.
Intelligent Agent-Based Energy Management System for Islanded AC–DC Microgrids (2019)

This article proposes an advanced solution for the energy management of the islanded ac-dc microgrids using an intelligent agent approach. This approach provides islanded ac-dc microgrids with three main operating agents (i.e., ac microgrid, dc microgrid, and system operator agents) communicating with each other at each operating time interval to increase system levels of performance, efficiency, and reliability. Bidirectional communication allows data collection and control command flow between ac microgrid, dc microgrid, and system operator to not only minimize ac and dc operational costs but also minimize ac-dc conversion costs, perform optimal demand shifting and minimize load shedding using a progressive strategy. For the optimization purpose, this article uses an advanced multiobjective particle swarm optimization engine to effectively solve the problem of each agent. To test the precision and operational performance of the proposed solution, a 33-node islanded ac-dc microgrid with diverse ac-dc generating resources and loads is studied.
Mass spectrometric analysis of CO<inf>2</inf>/AR and CO/AR plasma in a radio frequency discharge (2010)

Summary form only given. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) plasma discharges have gained considerable interest due to rising concerns of global climate change. The increasing dependence on fossil fuels to serve as the world's primary energy source has lead to nontrivial effects on the overall CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> content in the atmosphere. One possible solution to mitigating the effects of high atmospheric concentrations of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is the use of a plasma source to break apart the molecule into carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen. The CO can be filtered out for use in the chemical industry and as a fuel in industrial applications, or CO can be further dissociated to produce carbon and oxygen.This work experimentally investigates the dissociation of C02 and CO in a 1 kW radio frequency plasma source operating at 13.56 MHz in the low pressure regime of about 100-300 mTorr. Mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy diagnostics are used to determine the species present in the discharge. For plasmaassisted C02 dissociation to be a practical and cost-effective solution for the climate change challenges, the process must meet certain standards of energy efficiency. Therefore the energy efficiency of the radio frequency plasma source is examined for both C02 and CO dissociation, and is determined too low for large-scale industrial applications. Improvements must be made to enhance the energy deposition into specific modes of dissociation through changing the type of plasma source and/or adding a catalyst into the system to increase the rate of dissociative reactions.
The fibernet II ethernet-compatible fiber optic LAN (1985)

Fibernet II is a fiber-optic local area network (LAN) having an active-star configuration. It is plug compatible with the 10- Mbit/s coaxial-cable Ethernet LAN at its transceiver cable interface. Ethernet requires the detection of packet collisions; this function is implemented in Fibernet II at the active star node. Collision presence is signaled to the host transceivers with a unique in-band optical signal. Fibernet II features improved electromagnetic immunity, absence of signal radiation from cables, freedom from ground-loop currents due to ground potential differences between remote sites, new network topology options, and a growth path to future broad-band services. This paper describes the Fibernet II experimental system as implemented at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. A space-time analysis is presented which confirms that Fibernet II can support a network diameter of over 4.0 km, in contrast to the coax Ethernet which is limited to 2.5 km.
Quality of service over wireless ATM links (1999)

Several technical issues must be resolved before ATM services can be efficiently extended to the wireless environment. Key issues include incorporating the characteristics of the time-varying wireless channel in the provisioning of the cell-level QoS, and improving the transport performance using error control mechanisms. We analyze the cell loss and delay performance over a wireless ATM link. We consider both cases of a single and multiplexed ATM connections. The link capacity fluctuates according to a fluid version of Gilbert-Elliot channel model. Traffic sources are modeled as on-off fluid processes. The analytical framework incorporates the effects of error control schemes (i.e., ARQ and/or FEC), which are used to improve the transport performance over the wireless link. For the single-stream case, we derive the mean delay and the cell loss rate (CLR) due to buffer overflow at the sender side of the wireless link. We also obtain a closed-form approximation for the corresponding wireless effective bandwidth. In the case of multiplexed streams, we obtain a good approximation for the CLR using the Chernoff-dominant eigenvalue (CDE) approach. The expressions for the CLR and effective bandwidth are then used to study the optimal FEC code rate that guarantees the requested QoS while maximizing the utilization of the wireless bandwidth. Numerical results and simulations are used to verify the adequacy of our analysis and to study the impact of error control on the allocation of bandwidth for guaranteed cell loss and delay performance.
Effects of HIV-1 Nef, a cytotoxic viral protein, on the growth of primary colorectal cancer (2005)

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in American men and women. We describe the cytotoxic use of HIV-1 Nef protein and a cytotoxic peptide identified within the HIV-1 Nef structure in targeting human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a human xenograft model. A human colorectal tumor was implanted and propagated in the subcutaneous tissue of SCID mice. The mice were injected biweekly with the Nef apoptotic peptide. The tumor treated with Nef peptide underwent significant growth inhibition by as much as 300 percent when compared to the control (untreated) tumors. The Nef peptides were found to have an apoptotic effect on the human colon tumor similar to the effect seen on CD4 cells when the viral protein is secreted by the HIV-1 virus infected cells. The evidence from the xenograft mouse model suggests that the Nef peptides can be used to inhibit human colorectal cancer growth.
Laser-driven proton acceleration enhancement by the optimized intense short laser pulse shape (2017)

Interactions of two distinct shapes of the pulses namely positive/negative chirped pulse and fast/slow rising-edge pulse with plasma are studied using particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that, for a pulse duration of 34 fs and intensity a0 = 12, proton acceleration could be enhanced by asymmetric pulses with either pulse envelope or pulse frequency modification. The number of accelerated protons, as well as the proton energy cut-off, is increased by asymmetric pulses. In this work, for positive chirped pulse, electrostatic field at the rear side of the target is improved by about 30%, which in turns leads to an increase in the proton energy cut-off more than 40%. Moreover, in contrary to the fast pulses, the slow one could enhance the proton energy cut-off up to 65% for 34 fs pulse with 20 fs rising-edge.
LMS Algorithms for Tracking Slow Markov Chains With Applications to Hidden Markov Estimation and Adaptive Multiuser Detection (2005)

This paper analyzes the tracking properties of the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm when the underlying parameter evolves according to a finite-state Markov chain with infrequent jumps. First, using perturbed Liapunov function methods, mean-square error estimates are obtained for the tracking error. Then using recent results on two-time-scale Markov chains, mean ordinary differential equation and diffusion approximation results are obtained. It is shown that a sequence of the centered tracking errors converges to an ordinary differential equation. Moreover, a suitably scaled sequence of the tracking errors converges weakly to a diffusion process. It is also shown that iterate averaging of the tracking algorithm results in optimal asymptotic convergence rate in an appropriate sense. Two application examples, analysis of the performance of an adaptive multiuser detection algorithm in a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system, and tracking analysis of the state of a hidden Markov model (HMM) with infrequent jumps, are presented.
3-D Etching Techniques for Low-Cost Wearable Microwave Devices in Grounded Coplanar Waveguide (2022)

This work presents a new, 3-D-printed design for grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW), employing a low-cost, flexible substrate for wearable microwave applications. First, a resonant technique is used to derive the electromagnetic characteristics of the selected material, Flexible 80A, which is highly flexible but lossy. Next, to use this material as the GCPW substrate, novel fabrication techniques are analyzed to minimize the losses, based on customized removals of the material from the aperture regions, to reduce dispersion and minimize propagation loss. The first results show that the proposed techniques outperform both traditional microstrip and GCPW technologies and promise to be an excellent solution for the 3-D printing of low-cost flexible/wearable tags/sensors that can be activated wirelessly.
Effects of GABA active steroids in the female brain with a focus on the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2017)

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) afflicts 3%-5% of women of childbearing age, and is characterised by recurrent negative mood symptoms (eg, irritability, depression, anxiety and emotional lability) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The aetiology of PMDD is unknown, although a temporal association with circulating ovarian steroids, in particular progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone, has been established during the luteal phase. Allopregnanolone is a positive modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor: it is sedative in high concentrations but may precipitate paradoxical adverse effects on mood at levels corresponding to luteal phase concentrations in susceptible women. Saccadic eye velocity (SEV) is a measure of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor sensitivity; in experimental studies of healthy women, i.v. allopregnanolone decreases SEV. Women with PMDD display an altered sensitivity to an i.v. injection of allopregnanolone compared to healthy controls in this model. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, women with PMDD react differently to emotional stimuli in contrast to controls. A consistent finding in PMDD patients is increased amygdala reactivity during the luteal phase. Post-mortem studies in humans have revealed that allopregnanolone concentrations vary across different brain regions, although mean levels in the brain also reflect variations in peripheral serum concentrations. The amygdala processes emotions such as anxiety and aggression. This is interesting because allopregnanolone is detected at high concentrations within the region into which marked increases in blood flow are measured with fMRI following progesterone/allopregnanolone administration. Allopregnanolone effects are antagonised by its isomer isoallopregnanolone (UC1010), which significantly reduces negative mood symptoms in women with PMDD when administered s.c. in the premenstrual phase. This was shown in a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which the primary outcome was change in symptom scoring on the Daily Rating of Severity of Problems (DRSP): the treatment reduced negative mood scores (P < .005), as well as total DRSP scores (P < .01), compared to placebo in women with PMDD. In conclusion, the underlying studies of this review provide evidence that allopregnanolone is the provoking factor behind the negative mood symptoms in PMDD and that isoallopregnanolone could ameliorate the symptoms as a result of its ability to antagonise the allopregnanolone effect on the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor.
Clinical characteristics and stratification of the cerebrovascular accident risk among patients with atrial fibrillation in Colombia, 2011-2016 v1 (2020)

Background:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, although its characteristics may vary among geographic regions. In Colombia, data on the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with this arrhythmia are limited. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic and clinical features of AF in a Colombian population. Methods: An observational, retrospective follow-up study was conducted using a sample of patients diagnosed with AF. Based on population data from a drug-dispensing database, a sample size of 351 adults was calculated. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine specific sociodemographic, clinical, risk stratification, outcome, and pharmacological variables. Results: A total of 357 patients with a mean age of 69.4±13.3 years were included; 52.4% (n=187) were women. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (81.2%). Most patients (84.0%; n=300) had an elevated risk of thromboembolism and an indication for anticoagulation, but 72 (24.0%) of these patients did not receive such treatment. Among the patients, 23.2% had HAS-BLED scores ≥3. During the study period, 76 patients (21.3%) had 121 adverse events, of which 75.2% (n=91) were bleeding events and 24.8% (n=30) were thrombosis events (i.e., stroke). At the end of the follow-up period, the number of prescriptions for direct anticoagulants had increased, and prescriptions for warfarin had decreased. Conclusions:AF primarily affects Colombian adults &gt;65 years old, with women accounting for a slightly higher proportion of cases than men. A high burden of comorbidities and a risk of thromboembolism were found in most patients; however, lack of treatment was evident in a large percentage of cases.
High molecular weight polypropylene nanospheres: Synthesis and characterization (2007)

Abstract The high molecular weight (MW) polypropylene with average particle size of 60 nm was synthesized by controlled growth mechanism using Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed that PP nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Structure and crystallinity were concomitantly studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. It shows nanospherical PP particles with more crystallinity (∼ 75%) compared with macrosized PP (∼ 59%). In addition, differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed the finite particle size effect on T g and the scale dependence T g followed a first order exponential trend. As particle size goes down to nano‐ scale from macrosize, continuous elevation of T g 's were observed from −25 to −11°C. This phenomenon was directed to configuration entropy of single spherical nanoparticles of PP. The mechanical properties and surface roughness were also evaluated through AFM. At last, the properties of nanosized PP were compared with micron and macrosized particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
IRF3 and IRF7 Phosphorylation in Virus-infected Cells Does Not Require Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase R or IκB Kinase but Is Blocked by Vaccinia Virus E3L Protein (2001)

Induction of interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) gene expression in virus-infected cells requires phosphorylation-induced activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7. However, the kinase(s) that targets these proteins has not been identified. Using a combined pharmacological and genetic approach, we found that none of the kinases tested was responsible for IRF phosphorylation in cells infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Although the broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor staurosporine potently blocked IRF3 and -7 phosphorylation, inhibitors for protein kinase C, protein kinase A, MEK, SAPK, IKK, and protein kinase R (PKR) were without effect. Both IkappaB kinase and PKR have been implicated in IFN induction, but cells genetically deficient in IkappaB kinase, PKR, or the PKR-related genes PERK, IRE1, or GCN2 retained the ability to phosphorylate IRF7 and induce IFNalpha. Interestingly, PKR mutant cells were defective for response to double-stranded (ds) RNA but not to virus infection, suggesting that dsRNA is not the only activating viral component. Consistent with this notion, protein synthesis was required for IRF7 phosphorylation in virus-infected cells, and the kinetics of phosphorylation and viral protein production were similar. Despite evidence for a lack of involvement of dsRNA and PKR, vaccinia virus E3L protein, a dsRNA-binding protein capable of inhibiting PKR, was an effective IRF3 and -7 phosphorylation inhibitor. These results suggest that a novel cellular protein that is activated by viral products in addition to dsRNA and is sensitive to E3L inhibition is responsible for IRF activation and reveal a novel mechanism for the anti-IFN effect of E3L distinct from its inhibition of PKR.
Durable metabolic improvements 2 years after duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (REVITA-1 Study) (2022)

DMR is associated with durable improvements in insulin sensitivity and multiple downstream metabolic parameters through 24 months post-treatment in type 2 diabetes. Clinical trial reg. no. NCT02413567, clinicaltrials.gov.
Identifying Users across Different Sites Using Usernames (2016)

Identifying users across different sites is to find the accounts that belong to the same individual. The problem is fundamental and important, and its results can benefit many applications such as social recommendation. Observing that 1) usernames are essential elements for all sites; 2) most users have limited number of usernames on the Internet; 3) usernames carries information that reflect an individual's characteristics and habits etc., this paper tries to identify users based on username similarity. Specifically, we introduce the self-information vector model to integrate our proposed content and pattern features extracted from usernames into vectors. In this paper, we define two usernames' similarity as the cosine similarity between their self-information vectors. We further propose an abbreviation detection method to discover the initialism phenomenon in usernames, which can improve our user identification results. Experimental results on real-world username sets show that we can achieve 86.19% precision rate, 68.53% recall rate and 76.21% F1-measure in average, which is better than the state-of-the-art work.
The Novel Dominant Mutation Dspd Leads to a Severe Spermiogenesis Defect in Mice1 (2004)

Spermiogenesis is a complex process that is regulated by a plethora of genes and interactions between germ and somatic cells. Here we report a novel mutant mouse strain that carries a transgene insertional/translocational mutation and exhibits dominant male sterility. We named the mutation dominant spermiogenesis defect (Dspd). In the testes of Dspd mutant mice, spermatids detached from the seminiferous epithelium at different steps of the differentiation process before the completion of spermiogenesis. Microinsemination using spermatids collected from the mutant testes resulted in the birth of normal offspring. These observations indicate that the major cause of Dspd infertility is (are) a defect(s) in the Sertoli cell-spermatid interaction or communication in the seminiferous tubules. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed a translocation between chromosomes 7F and 14C at the transgene insertion site. The deletion of a genomic region of chromosome 7F greater than 1 megabase and containing at least six genes (Cttn, Fadd, Fgf3, Fgf4, Fgf15, and Ccnd1) was associated with the translocation. Cttn encodes the actin-binding protein cortactin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed localization of cortactin beside elongated spermatids in wild-type testes; abnormality of cortactin localization was found in mutant testes. These data suggest an important role of cortactin in Sertoli cell-spermatid interactions and in the Dspd phenotype.
A phase II trial of capecitabine (C) in combination with the farnesyltransferase (FT) inhibitor (FTI), tipifarnib (T), in patients (pt) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC): ECOG trial 1103 (2007)

1036 Background: Approximately 30% of human cancers have mutated Ras genes that produce proteins that remain in an active state causing uncontrolled proliferative signals. Post-translational modification of Ras include farneyslation catalyzed by FT. Tipifarnib (R115777) is an oral FTI active against human tumor cell lines and exhibiting modest single agent activity in pts with previously treated MBC. A previous phase I trial reported that CT inhibited farneyslation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without affecting the pharmacokinetics of either agent. Objective: To evaluate objective response rate (ORR) of CT in taxane refractory MBC and to secondarily evaluate associated toxicity and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: Pt with measurable MBC, previously treated (rx) with an anthracycline and relapse on a taxane or within 30 days (d). Study rx: T- 300 mg, po BID × 14 d plus C- 1,000 mg/m 2 , po BID × 14 d, followed by 7 d rest. Tumor reassessment was repeated q 3 cycles. The study was designed to detect improvement in ORR from 25% with C alone to 40% for the CT combination (90.5% power; type I error rate of 9.9%; 21 responses in 64 eligible pt needed to be promising. Results: 66/71 pt are available for primary analysis. Median age 50 yrs. Performance status: 0–1, 100%. ORR: PR-4.8% (3/62) [95% CI 0.01, 0.13], SD - 21% (13/62) [ 95% CI 0.12, 0.33]. Median survival - 10.6 months. Toxicity (%): anemia - 8(G3/4), neutropenia - 30 (G3/4), thrombocytopenia - 8 (G3/4), HFS-8 (G3), nausea/vomiting - 11(G3), diarrhea - 8 (G3), sensory neuropathy - 5 (G3). Conclusion: CT in taxane -refractory MBC has low antitumor activity without excessive toxicity. More mature data, including PFS, will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.