gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potassium-Induced Changes in the Electromechanical and ATPase Activity of Guinea Pig Heart (1976)

The effects of various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM) of potassium chloride on the simultaneously recorded action potential and contractility; and Mg++-dependent, Na++-K+-stimulated membrane ATPase of guinea pig's heart were studied. In KCl-free solution, the inhibition of the Na+-K+-ATPase was associated both with a shortening of the duration of action potential and an increase in the contractility. There was a decrease in the overshoot of action potential and an increase in the resting potential. Potassium chloride produced a concentration dependent lengthening of the action potential duration; decrease in the contraction and resting potential; and an increase in the overshoot of action potential and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. The changes in the action potential and contraction were associated with the changes in the Na+-K-ATPase activity. The changes in the ATPase activity preceded the changes in the action potential and contractility. The involvement of ATPase in the genesis of the resting potential; overshoot and duration of action potential; and contraction has been discussed.
Recent Developments in Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization–A Survey. I. Ethylene Polymerization (1985)

Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a major commodity thermoplastic used for a variety of applications such as blow molding, injection molding, and pipe and tubing. This remarkable polymer has been manufactured since the early 1950s, but because of its industrial importance, the production of HDPE continues to be a very active area of technology. In recent years, the worldwide recession, reduced and varying demand, overcapacity, and fierce price competition has stimulated polyolefin manufacturers to modify their existing facilities, making it feasible to interchangeably manufacture a variety of resins. New improved catalysts and processes have been developed to produce HDPE of desired properties at lower manufacturing cost.
Prevention of Salmonella Colonization in Neonatal Broiler Chicks by Using Different Routes of Probiotic Administration in Hatchery Evaluated by Culture and PCR Techniques (2010)

The effects of various methods of probiotic administration in hatchery and on prevention of Salmonella enteritidis ( Se ) in broiler chicks was investigated. A total of 150 Salmonella free day old chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to five experimental groups including control and four in-hatchery probiotic administration method groups comprised of: in ovo injection, oral gavage, spray and vent lip application. Each group was comprized of 30 chicks. The chicks were challenged by 8 Log CFU Se using oral gavage on 2 days of age. At 1 and 7 days of post-challenge (PC) 15 birds per experimental group were sampled for Se recovery through either one of culture or culture based PCR techniques. Administration of probiotics reduced the number of Se colonized chicks, compared with control as evaluated through either culture or PCR method. These reductions were significant for all the administration routes (P 0.05). Furthermore probiotics were capable of reducing the number of colonized chicks from day 1 to day 7 PC. Vent lip method was evaluated as the most effective route of probiotic administration in prevention of Se colonization, not significantly different from either spray application in day 1 of PC group or from other administration methods in the day of 7 PC (P> 0.05). PCR method was more reponsive in detection of Se as compared to traditional culture method. Administration of probiotics in hatchery finally resulted in reducing the colonization of Salmonella in the alimentary tract of chicks.
Adolescent search roles (2012)

In this article, we present an in‐home observation and in‐context research study investigating how 38 adolescents aged 14–17 search on the Internet. We present the search trends adolescents display and develop a framework of search roles that these trends help define. We compare these trends and roles to similar trends and roles found in prior work with children ages 7, 9, and 11. We use these comparisons to make recommendations to adult stakeholders such as researchers, designers, and information literacy educators about the best ways to design search tools for children and adolescents, as well as how to use the framework of searching roles to find better methods of educating youth searchers. Major findings include the seven roles of adolescent searchers, and evidence that adolescents are social in their computer use, have a greater knowledge of sources than younger children, and that adolescents are less frustrated by searching tasks than younger children.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of homolytic cleavage of carbon–oxygen bonds in radical anions obtained by electrochemical reduction of alkyl aryl ethers (2002)

The properties and the reactivity of the radical anions of 4-cyanophenyl alkyl ethers and naphthyl alkyl ethers have been determined by electrochemical methods. Under electrochemical conditions homolytic dissociation is the only observed process. Cyclic voltammetry studies lead to the conclusion that this process is a stepwise one, the initially produced radical anion cleaving by a slow first order reaction followed by a second electron transfer in a DISP1 mechanism. A Marcus type relationship between the cleavage rate constants and the standard free energy of the reaction leads to an intrinsic barrier in the range of 0.7 to 0.8 eV. The analysis of the intrinsic barrier values indicates that solvent organisation represents a modest contribution, the bond dissociation energy of the radical anion (structural contribution) being the main factor in the total barrier. Previously unknown bond dissociation energies of naphthyl ethers have been estimated using the correlations established in this work.
Penetration of the Flame Into the Top-Land Crevice - Large-Eddy Simulation and Experimental High-Speed Visualization (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Flame penetration into the top-land crevice of a combustion engine's cylinder is investigated by large-eddy simulation (LES) and high-speed visualization experiments. This penetration is of practical relevance as it leads to the formation of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) wherever the flame is quenched inside the crevice. In optically accessible engines, the crevice is particularly large, so that it must be considered in simulations, which also creates an opportunity to study flame penetration in detail. The high-speed imaging shows a luminous front, subject to cyclical variation, penetrating into the top-land crevice, but cannot distinguish between a flame burning into the crevice or just being pushed into it by increasing pressure in the cylinder. The LES of the process permits to turn off the reaction source term, so that the effect of convection and free flame propagation can be separated. The simulation shows qualitative agreement for the case where the reaction continues inside the crevice, giving further evidence for the need of detailed wall and combustion modeling inside the crevice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Component Link Recording and Resource Control for GMPLS Link Bundles (2005)

Record Route is a useful administrative tool that has been used
extensively by the service providers. However, when TE links are
bundled, identification of label resource in RRO is not enough for the
administrative purpose. Network service providers would like to know
the component link within a TE link that is being used by a given LSP.
In other words, when link bundling is used, resource recording
requires mechanisms to specify the component link identifier, along
with the TE link identifier and Label. As , it is not possible to
record component link in the RRO, this draft defines the extensions to
RSVP-TE [RFC3209] and [RFC3473] to specify component link identifiers
for resource recording purposes. This draft also defines the ERO
counterpart of the RRO extension. The ERO extensions are needed to
perform explicit label/ resource control over bundled TE link. Hence,
this draft defines the extensions to RSVP-TE [RFC3209] and [RFC3473]
to specify component link identifiers for explicit resource control
and recording over GMPLS link bundles.
Questionable Research Practices and Open Science in Quantitative Criminology (2021)

Objectives. Questionable research practices (QRPs) lead to incorrect research results and contribute to irreproducibility in science. Researchers and institutions have proposed open science practices (OSPs) to improve the detectability of QRPs and the credibility of science. We examine the prevalence of QRPs and OSPs in criminology, and researchers’ opinions of those practices.Methods. We administered an anonymous survey to authors of articles published in criminology journals. Respondents self-reported their own use of 10 QRPs and 5 OSPs. They also estimated the prevalence of use by others, and reported their attitudes toward the practices. Results. QRPs and OSPs are both common in quantitative criminology, about as common as they are in other fields. Criminologists who responded to our survey support using QRPs in some circumstances, but are even more supportive of using OSPs. We did not detect a significant relationship between methodological training and either QRP or OSP use. Support for QRPs is negatively and significantly associated with support for OSPs. Perceived prevalence estimates for some practices resembled a uniform distribution, suggesting criminologists have little knowledge of the proportion of researchers that engage in certain questionable practices.Conclusions. Most quantitative criminologists in our sample use QRPs, and many use multiple QRPs. The substantial prevalence of QRPs raises questions about the validity and reproducibility of published criminological research. We found promising levels of OSP use, albeit at levels lagging what researchers endorse. The findings thus suggest that additional reforms are needed to decrease QRP use and increase the use of OSPs.
Isolation of type-specific polysaccharide antigen from group B type Ib streptococci. (1979)

Group B streptococcus type Ib (strain H36B) was subjected to digestion with extracellular muralytic enzymes prepared from Streptomyces albus. Type Ib-specific polysaccharide antigen was isolated from the lysate by alcohol precipitation and Sepharose 6B chromatography. The purified type Ib antigen has a Kd value of 0.31 on a Sepharose 4B column and contains four sugars, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, and sialic acid in a molar ratio of 2.05:0.86:1.00:0.90. Acid treatment (pH 2.0) of this polysaccharide results in partial degradation of the antigen (Kd = 0.41 on Sepharose 4B) with the loss of 93% of the sialic acid. The molar ratio of the remaining sugars in the polysaccharide remains identical to that in the native one. This suggests that the sialic acid is at the terminal position in the molecule. Both intact and acid-treated antigen cross-react with some type Ia and type Ic antisera as a result of the common Iabc determinant, but not with type II and type III antisera. Absorption studies indicate that Ib-specific determinant and Iabc determinant are on the same molecule and that sialic acid is not the cross-reactive determinant.
Association of the G-174C Variant in the Interleukin-6 Promoter Region With Bone Loss and Fracture Risk in Older Women (2004)

These results suggest that the IL-6 G-174C promoter polymorphism may be a genetic marker for bone loss and wrist fracture among older women.
Effect of Leachability on Environmental Risk Assessment for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Petroleum Oil Fields (2000)

Elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), including 238U, 232Th, and their progeny found in underground geologic deposits, are often encountered during crude oil recovery. Radium, the predominant radionuclide brought to the surface with the crude oil and produced water, co-precipitates with barium in the form of complex compounds of sulfates, carbonates, and silicates found in sludge and scale. These NORM deposits are highly stable and very insoluble under ambient conditions at the earth's surface. However, the co-precipitated radium matrix is not thermodynamically stable at reducing conditions which may enable a fraction of the radium to eventually be released to the environment. Although the fate of radium in uranium mill tailings has been studied extensively, the leachability of radium from crude oil NORM deposits exposed to acid-rain and other aging processes is generally unknown. The leachability of radium from NORM contaminated soil collected at a contaminated oil field in eastern Kentucky was determined using extraction fluids having wide range of pH reflecting different extreme environmental conditions. The average 226Ra concentration in the samples of soil subjected to leachability testing was 32.56 Bq g(-1) +/- 0.34 Bq g(-1). The average leaching potential of 226Ra observed in these NORM contaminated soil samples was 1.3% +/- 0.46% and was independent of the extraction fluid. Risk assessment calculations using the family farm scenario show that the annual dose to a person living and working on this NORM contaminated soil is mainly due to external gamma exposure and radon inhalation. However, waterborne pathways make a non-negligible contribution to the dose for the actual resident families living on farmland with the type of residual NORM contamination due to crude oil recovery operations.
Mutations for Worse or Better: Low-Fidelity DNA Synthesis by SOS DNA Polymerase V Is a Tightly Regulated Double-Edged Sword (2016)

1953, the year of Watson and Crick, bore witness to a less acclaimed yet highly influential discovery. Jean Weigle demonstrated that upon infection of Escherichia coli, λ phage deactivated by UV radiation, and thus unable to form progeny, could be reactivated by irradiation of the bacterial host. Evelyn Witkin and Miroslav Radman later revealed the presence of the SOS regulon. The more than 40 regulon genes are repressed by LexA protein and induced by the coproteolytic cleavage of LexA, catalyzed by RecA protein bound to single-stranded DNA, the RecA* nucleoprotein filament. Several SOS-induced proteins are engaged in repairing both cellular and extracellular damaged DNA. There's no "free lunch", however, because error-free repair is accompanied by error-prone translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), involving E. coli DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) and RecA*. This review describes the biochemical mechanisms of pol V-mediated TLS. pol V is active only as a mutasomal complex, pol V Mut = UmuD'2C-RecA-ATP. RecA* donates a single RecA subunit to pol V. We highlight three recent insights. (1) pol V Mut has an intrinsic DNA-dependent ATPase activity that governs polymerase binding and dissociation from DNA. (2) Active and inactive states of pol V Mut are determined at least in part by the distinct interactions between RecA and UmuC. (3) pol V is activated by RecA*, not at a blocked replisome, but at the inner cell membrane.
Drone Swarms in Fire Suppression Activities: A Conceptual Framework (2021)

The recent huge technological development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide breakthrough means of fighting wildland fires. We propose an innovative forest firefighting system based on the use of a swarm of hundreds of UAVs able to generate a continuous flow of extinguishing liquid on the fire front, simulating the effect of rain. Automatic battery replacement and extinguishing liquid refill ensure the continuity of the action. We illustrate the validity of the approach in Mediterranean scrub first computing the critical water flow rate according to the main factors involved in the evolution of a fire, then estimating the number of linear meters of active fire front that can be extinguished depending on the number of drones available and the amount of extinguishing fluid carried. A fire propagation cellular automata model is also employed to study the evolution of the fire. Simulation results suggest that the proposed system can provide the flow of water required to fight low-intensity and limited extent fires or to support current forest firefighting techniques.
Cellular uptake profile of paclitaxel using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (1998)

A new method for studying cellular uptake has been developed. This method is based on selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of preparations from cell culture. The limit of detection for paclitaxel was approximately 0.1 microM intracellular concentration. This method has been utilized to study the uptake of paclitaxel and an analog (BMS-190616) in normal and multidrug resistant (MDR) cell lines. Paclitaxel and the analog, that had been noted to overcome MDR in animal models, were incubated with normal cells (HCT116) and MDR cells (HCT116(VM)46) at therapeutic concentrations. Intracellular drug concentrations were assayed at intervals from 0 to 1.0 h. Results show that paclitaxel accumulates to a level 12 times greater and BMS-190616 to a level 5 times greater in the normal cells as compared to MDR cells suggesting that paclitaxel is more sensitive to MDR than the analog. Furthermore, the steady state level of BMS-190616 was 4 fold greater than paclitaxel in the MDR cell line suggesting that at least part of this compound's increased therapeutic effect can be attributed to processes of uptake and efflux at the cellular level. These data show that the method is rapid, sensitive and presents a unique advantage over traditional radioisotopic methods in that it can readily be employed on a range of analogs without any additional synthetic effort.
Second Order Nonlinear Optical Performances of Polymers Containing Imidazole and Benzimidazole Chromophores (2004)

Abstract Summary: Condensation polymers based on two different NLO‐active chromophores, namely 2‐[4‐[(4‐ N , N ‐dihydroxyethylamino)phenylazo]phenyl]‐5(6)‐nitrobenzimidazole (BZI) and 2‐[4‐(4‐ N , N ‐dihydroxyethylamino)phenylazo]‐4,5‐dicyanoimidazole (IMI), have been synthesized and their basic properties measured. The second order NLO properties of poled polymers were investigated by SHG procedures at different temperatures (35, 65 and 85 °C) and exposure times. Resonance free d 33 coefficients ( λ = 1 368 nm) took values in the range 1.8–4.0 pm · V −1 , but the time stability of their SHG signal was fairly acceptable, particularly for the high T g (e.g. 188 °C) polymer for which a relaxation time (at 25 °C) of 2.8 years has been determined. BZI and IMI chromophores. magnified image BZI and IMI chromophores.
Dominant electron-phonon scattering mechanisms inn-type PbTe from first principles (2018)

We present an ab initio study that identifies the main electron-phonon scattering channels in $n$-type PbTe. We develop an electronic transport model based on the Boltzmann transport equation within the transport relaxation time approximation, fully parametrized from first-principles calculations that accurately describe the dispersion of the electronic bands near the band gap. Our computed electronic mobility as a function of temperature and carrier concentration is in good agreement with experiments. We show that longitudinal optical phonon scattering dominates electronic transport in $n$-type PbTe, while acoustic phonon scattering is relatively weak. We find that scattering due to soft transverse optical phonons is by far the weakest scattering mechanism, due to the symmetry-forbidden scattering between the conduction band minima and the zone center soft modes. Soft phonons thus play the key role in the high thermoelectric figure of merit of $n$-type PbTe: they do not degrade its electronic transport properties although they strongly suppress the lattice thermal conductivity. Our results suggest that materials like PbTe with soft modes that are weakly coupled with the electronic states relevant for transport may be promising candidates for efficient thermoelectric materials.
Code for: Increasing Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Reinfection Reveals Ineffective Post-COVID-19 Immunity in Denmark and Conveys the Need for Continued Next-Generation Sequencing (2023)

Code for publication on SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. SARS-CoV-2 has extensively mutated creating variants of concern (VOC) resulting in global infection surges. The Omicron VOC reinfects individuals exposed to earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2 at a higher frequency than previously seen for non-Omicron VOC. An analysis of the sub-lineages associated with an Omicron primary infection and Omicron reinfection reveals that the incidence of Omicron-Omicron reinfections is occurring over a shorter time interval than seen after a primary infection with a non-Omicron VOC. Our analysis suggests that a single infection from SARS-CoV-2 may not generate the protective immunity required to defend against reinfections from emerging Omicron lineages. This analysis was made possible by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a Danish cohort with clinical metadata on both infections occurring in the same individual. We suggest that the continuation of COVID-19 NGS and inclusion of clinical metadata is necessary to ensure effective surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomics, assist in treatment and vaccine development, and guide public health recommendations.
What do we know about uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions? A scoping review of case reports and case series (2023)

The current study aimed to explore the types and frequencies of uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions based on a scoping review of case reports and case series. The study used an electronic literature search based on PubMed and Embase up to March 31, 2020, with an update performed on October 22, 2021. Any case reports and case series that reported complications associated with third molar extractions were included. The types of complications were grouped and the main symptoms of each type of complication were summarized. A total of 51 types of uncommon complications were identified in 248 patients from 186 studies. Most types of complications were post-operative. In the craniofacial and cervical regions, the most frequent complications included iatrogenic displacement of the molars or root fragments in the craniofacial area, late mandibular fracture, and subcutaneous emphysema. In other regions, the most frequent complications include pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis, pneumothorax, and pneumopericardium. Of the patients, 37 patients had life-threatening uncommon complications and 20 patients had long-term/irreversible uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions. In conclusion, a variety of uncommon complications associated with third molar extractions were identified. Most complications occurred in the craniofacial and cervical regions and were mild and transient.
Acoustoelectric Amplification in Lateral-Extensional Composite Piezo-Silicon Resonant Cavities (2019)

In this work, evidence for acoustoelectric (AE) amplification in lateral-extensional thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) resonant cavities for the first time is demonstrated. Due to the piezoelectric coupling, an evanescent electromagnetic wave is induced in the silicon (Si) layer that is a part of the resonant cavity, exchanging momentum with the carriers. Therefore, by injecting an electric current in this layer, the acoustic equivalent of Cherenkov radiation - AE amplification - can be realized. Such phenomenon is observed in a 1 GHz TPoS resonant cavity in which lateral field excitation is utilized to excite the acoustic wave.