gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Tall Fescue Endophyte on Plant Response to Environmental Stress (1989)

Abstract The adverse effect of the tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) fungal endophyte ( Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones and Gams) on animal performance is well recognized but the mutualistic effect of this fungus‐grass association under environmental stress is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate endophyte‐free (EF) and endophyte‐infected (El) tall fescue plants from one clone for morphological and physiological responses to flooding, N rates (11, 73, and 220 mg N pof −1 ), and −0.03, −0.05 and −0.50 MPa drought stress in the greenhouse. Plants were grown in a synthetic mixture of the following by volume: Cecil sandy clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludult) (33%), sand (16%), peat moss (17%), perlite (17%), and vermiculite (17%). Leaf blades of El, as compared to EF plants were thicker and narrower regardless of flooding, N rate, or drought stress. Plant ultrastructure was not appreciably altered by the endophyte. Herbage growth was 50% greater on El than EF plants, especially at higher N levels. Tillering increased on El plants but only at the highest N rate. The El plants were more productive than EF plants at mild soil moisture stress (−0.05 MPa). At more severe stress (−0.5 MPa) 75% of EF plants died and all El plants survived. Leaf rolling under drought stress was much more common in El than EF plants. Regrowth after harvest with abundant watering of previously drought‐stressed plants was much greater on El than EF plants. There was little or no difference in digestibility of forage from El and EF plants. The results indicate that there are positive benefits derived from association of an endophyte with tall fescue resulting in growth stimulation, improved survival, and drought tolerance to the host plant that could be important in plant competition.
GaN Power Devices – Current Status and Future Directions (2018)

Wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN represent the next-generation materials for high performance medium voltage and high voltage power switch technology. Vertical SiC power device technology has matured rapidly over the past two decades, owing to advances in substrates, a fundamental understanding of epitaxial growth to eliminate performance-limiting defects, as well as device design breakthroughs. In parallel, lateral GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology has been highly successful for RF power amplifiers and is well positioned to supersede GaAs-based microwave circuits. Recently, GaN-based vertical and lateral power devices have attracted significant interest due to promising device results coupled with progress in native substrate, epitaxial growth, and processing technology developments. In this article we will assess recent progress in GaN power devices and the building blocks for such devices as well as look toward the future as the material is pushed to the fundamental limits.
Stereochemical Implications on Diversity in β-Turn Peptidomimetic Libraries (1999)

Stereoisomers of compound 1 were prepared, and their preferred solution-phase conformations (in DMSO) were determined by a combination of NMR, CD, and molecular simulation approaches. It was shown that the stereochemistry of the pseudo i + 2 residue is the predominant consideration.
Mortality of Shaded Pine Trees Inoculated With Virulent and Less-Virulent Isolates of Pine Wood Nematodes (2012)

The virulence of two species (three isolates) of pine wood nematodes in stressed adult Japanese red and black pines was tested using an inoculation experiment. Three thousand nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus isolate ‘Ka4’ (virulent), isolate ‘C14-5’ (less virulent) or B. mucronatus isolate ‘M’ (less virulent), were inoculated into 15-yr-old naturally shaded and stressed pine trees planted in two separated experimental stands, in which shelterwood cutting had not been carried out after planting. The inoculation was conducted at the beginning of August 2010, and the trees were then visually examined every month for disease symptoms until February 2011. Trees that died during the experimental period were cut and brought back to the laboratory for reisolation attempts of the pathogenic nematodes. The Ka4 isolate killed all inoculated trees within one to 2-mo, whereas C14-5 and M each killed about half. The inoculated nematodes were reisolated from all the dead trees and some of the surviving ones. These results corroborated those of previous research by using small saplings (i.e., that less virulent nematodes can kill shaded (stressed) trees). Further, a feeding preference experiment using their vector beetles, Monochamus alternatus Hope, showed that both healthy and stressed trees are at equal risk of being used by beetles and hence of getting infected by the nematodes. Therefore, pine wilt disease in shading-stressed trees is assumed to occur in susceptible pine trees in natural pine stands. The dead tree is used by insects as an oviposition resource.
Resectional treatment for thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion: a long-term follow-up study. (2000)

Patients with mucosal invasion of the trachea by well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas should be treated by surgical resection followed by primary reconstruction when technically feasible. This facilitates postoperative care, and it is possible to achieve long-term survival with improvement of the quality of life and possible cures.
Alcohol Consumption at Midlife and Successful Ageing in Women: A Prospective Cohort Analysis in the Nurses' Health Study (2011)

These data suggest that regular, moderate consumption of alcohol at midlife may be related to a modest increase in overall health status among women who survive to older ages.
Assessment of Change in Practice of Routine Tracheal Suctioning Approach of Non-Vigorous Infants Born through Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Pragmatic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Evidence outside Randomized Trials (2023)

Due to the very low CoE for the outcomes evaluated, no definitive conclusions can be drawn warranting the need for additional studies.
Development, Operation, and Application of the Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor as a Tool for Electrophysiology (1972)

A new solid-state device has been developed for the measurement of ion activities in electrochemical and biological environments. One can recognize in the device the properties of both a glass electrode and a field-effect transistor. This justifies the name ion-sensitive field-effect transistor. The device makes it possible to measure ion activities without using a reference electrode. For its application, a special electronic circuit is described. Results of measured Na <R xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</R> and H <R xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</R> ion activities are given in detail. As an example for electrophysiological application, results are shown of recorded extracellular ion pulses measured with a guinea pig taenia coli.
Post-Racial Ideology and Implicit Racial Bias (2017)

This study assesses college students from the University of New Hampshire (UNH) and their attitudes and opinions toward people of color, specifically looking at racial/ethnic identity and campus social climate. With 362 respondents from the University of New Hampshire who answered our online survey, it looked at the participants’ post-racial ideologies and the participant’s racial/ethnic identity. This study finds that there is a correlation between racial identity and post-racial beliefs. The study found that 82 percent of the student respondents did not believe that we, as a society, lived in a post-racial America. It was also discovered that the student respondents who did believe we live in a post-racial society (eighteen percent) were almost primarily White participants. The research also shows that in comparison to students of color, White students are more likely to believe that there is little to no racial prejudice or discrimination on UNH’s campus. While this data gives important insight into the racial attitudes at UNH, having a more diverse demographic and a larger sample size would improve the research.
Overlimiting current in non-uniform arrays of microchannels (2019)

Overlimiting current (OLC) through electrolytes interfaced with perm-selective membranes has been extensively researched in recent years for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of transport and developing efficient applications from electrochemistry to sample analysis and separation. Predominant mechanisms responsible for OLC include surface conduction, convection by electro-osmotic flow, and electro-osmotic instability depending on input parameters such as surface charge and geometric constrictions. This work studies how a network of microchannels in a non-uniform array, which mimicks a natural pore configuration, can contribute to OLC. To this end, micro/nanofluidic devices are fabricated with arrays of parallel microchannels with non-uniform size distributions. All cases maintain the same surface and bulk conduction to allow probing the sensitivity only by the non-uniformity of the channels. Both experimental and theoretical current-voltage relations demonstrate that OLCs increase with increasing non-uniformity. Furthermore, the visualization of internal recirculating flows indicates that the non-uniform arrays induce flow loops across the network enhancing advective transport. These evidences confirm a new driving mechanism of OLC, inspired by natural micro/nanoporous materials with random geometric structure. Therefore, this result can advance not only the fundamental understanding of nanoelectrokinetics but also the design rule of engineering applications of electrochemical membrane.
Obstacle mapping module for quadrotors on outdoor Search and Rescue operations (2013)

Obstacle avoidance remains a challenging task for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV), due to their limited payload capacity to carry advanced sensors. Unlike larger vehicles, MAV can only carry light weight sensors, for instance a camera, which is our main assumption in this work. We explore passive monocular depth estimation and propose a novel method Position Aided Depth Estimation (PADE). We analyse PADE performance and compare it against the extensively used Time To Collision (TTC). We evaluate the accuracy, robustness to noise and speed of three Optical Flow (OF) techniques, combined with both depth estimation methods. Our results show PADE is more accurate than TTC at depths between 0-12 meters and is less sensitive to noise. Our findings highlight the potential application of PADE for MAV to perform safe autonomous navigation in unknown and unstructured environments.
Finite Element Simulation of Shot Peening – A Method to Evaluate the Influence of Peening Parameters on Surface Characteristics (2003)

Developing a model to analyze the process of shot peening is useful for several reasons; to be able to predict the material state after peening without having to conduct costly experiments and to be able to optimize peening processes. In contrast to prior studies found in the literature, a more detailed approach by simulating several single impacts on a 3-dimensional surface is chosen to model the shot peening process.
Pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in experimental iron overload (1985)

Significant increases in prolyl hydroxylase activity, a key enzyme in the collagen biosynthetic pathway, were noted in the hepatic homogenates of iron-loaded animals as compared to controls. The increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity was seen without any light microscopic histologic evidence of cell necrosis or accumulation of collagen in the livers from the iron-loaded animals. However, utilizing electron microscopy, collagen fibrils were demonstrated immediately adjacent to the hepatocytes in the iron-loaded animals but not the controls. No fibroblasts or inflammatory cells were noted in this area. There was no evidence of damage to the subcellular organelles of the iron-loaded hepatocytes. The hydroxyproline content of the iron-loaded livers was also shown to be increased. These experimental studies in conjunction with clinical observations described below suggest that in vivo iron overload may have a primary effect on stimulating collagen synthesis by hepatocytes.
An Agricultural Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor and Depth Learning Algorithm (2017)

The rise and development of the Internet of Things (IoT) have given birth to the frontier technology of the agricultural IoT, which marks the future trend in agriculture and the IoT. The agricultural IoT can be combined with Zigbee, a short-range wireless network technology for monitoring systems, to solve the excessively large planting area and other defects in agricultural production. Meanwhile, the modernization of planting and harvesting has set the stage for deep learning. Unlike the artificial neural network, the deep learning is an important intelligent algorithm, capable of solving many real-world problems. Therefore, this paper probes into the problems of modern automatic agriculture. First, the routing allocation technology and transmission mode were optimized to solve the energy consumption problem. Second, the classification model based on deep learning algorithm was put forward according to the application of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in continuous monitoring of soil temperature and humidity. Despite the lack of upper soil humidity sensor in agriculture, the model can still classify the soil moisture of the nodes, and derive the main soil moisture content. Finally, a solution was presented based on agricultural ZigBee WSN technology. In addition to cheap cost and low power consumption, the solution has the functions of reminding and recognition due to the adoption of artificial intelligence algorithm. Suffice it to say that the solution is a successful attempt to integrate artificial intelligence and sensor technology into agricultural modernization.
Does Incident Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Lower Blood Pressure? (2020)

Background Hypertension remains a leading global cause for premature death and disease. Most treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of risk factors, but not all are known, modifiable, or easily avoided. Population blood pressure correlates with latitude and is lower in summer than winter. Seasonal variations in sunlight exposure account for these differences, with temperature believed to be the main contributor. Recent research indicates that UV light enhances nitric oxide availability by mobilizing storage forms in the skin, suggesting incident solar UV radiation may lower blood pressure. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the association between environmental UV exposure and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a large cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients in whom SBP is determined regularly. Methods and Results We studied 342 457 patients (36% black, 64% white) at 2178 US dialysis centers over 3 years. Incident UV radiation and temperature data for each clinic location were retrieved from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database. Linear mixed effects models with adjustment for ambient temperature, sex/age, body mass index, serum Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> and other covariates were fitted to each location and combined estimates of associations calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird procedure. Pre-dialysis SBP varied by season and was ≈4 mm Hg higher in black patients. Temperature, UVA and UVB were all linearly and inversely associated with SBP. This relationship remained statistically significant after correcting for temperature. Conclusions In hemodialysis patients, in addition to environmental temperature, incident solar UV radiation is associated with lower SBP. This raises the possibility that insufficient sunlight is a new risk factor for hypertension, perhaps even in the general population.
Calculation of Mass Exchangers for Providing Specific Oxygen Regime in Heavy Liquid Metal Coolant (2013)

РАСЧЕТ МАССООБМЕННЫХ АППАРАТОВ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЗАДАННОГО КИСЛОРОДНОГО РЕЖИМА В ТЯЖЕЛОМ ЖИДКОМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОМ ТЕПЛОНОСИТЕЛЕА.Ю.Легких, П.Н
The Risk of Overall Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Glipizide, Glyburide, or Glimepiride Monotherapy (2010)

Our results did not identify an increased mortality risk among the individual sulfonylureas but did suggest that glimepiride may be the preferred sulfonylurea in those with underlying CAD.
In vitro proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells circulating in blood of patients with kidney allografts. (1978)

The in vitro formation of lymphoid (L-CFU) and myeloid (GM-CFU) colonies derived from progenitor cells circulating in blood of patients bearing kidney allografts was studied upon a stimulation with PHA and Colony Stimulating Factor. In patients undergoing acute rejection a marked reduction of L-CFU and GM-CFU was found. Chronic rejection was associated with moderate impairment of GM-CFU proliferation, while patients with stable graft function had moderately reduced L-CFU progenitors with normal level of GM-CFU cells.
Palladium-mediated Carbomacrolactonization of Terminal Hydroxyacetylenes and Its Utilization for a Synthesis of Exaltolide (1995)

Carbomacrolactonization took place to give macrolactoneacetylenes when terminal hydroxyacetylenes were stirred under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature in the presence of palladium(I1) acetate and triethylamine.Using 15-pentadecyn-2-olide obtained, exaltolide was synthesized on catalytic hydrogenation.We report here a new method for macrolide ring formation that we believe is unprecedented.Tsuji and coworkers' previously reported that terminal acetylenes are facilely carboalkoxylated to give alkyl acetylenecarboxylates under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide in alkanols at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium(ll) chloride and a stoichiometric amount of copper(l1) chloride (Scheme 1).This procedure could be successfully employed by our hands in the prepmtlon of some natural PdCI, (cat.)R-C=CH + co + R'OH
Gastrointestinal Sorbents for the Treatment of Uremia. (1981)

Studies to determine the feasibility of using lightly cross-linked carboxyvinyl polymers as gastrointestinal sorbents in the treatment of uremia were conducted in normal and uremic rats. In normal rats, a highly swellable bead-form resin (150-2190) was found to decrease urinary N excretion and to increase fecal excretion of NH3, urea, total N, Na, K, Ca and Mg when fed at a level of 5 g/100g diet. There was also an increase in fecal water content and a marked decrease in fecal phosphate excretion. In rats made uremic by treatment with uranyl nitrate, 150-2190 decreased the rate of increase in BUN.
The effect of stabilizer on coalescence of dispersed drops in suspension polymerization of styrene. (1982)

Suspension polymerization of styrene was conducted to study the effect of polyvinyl alcohol, added as a stabilizer to the continuous phase, on dispersed drop size distribution. Transient drop size distributions were measured under several experimental conditions with dispersedphase volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 and stabilizer concentrations from 0.3 to 10g/l. The experimental results show that at the early stage of the reaction, where the dispersed phase viscosity is lower than about 50 cp, drop size does not depend upon stabilizer concentration. Above this viscosity, stabilizer concentration influences on drop size. Whenever drop agglomeration occurs, drop size distribution reveals a bimodal form in which the lower drop size mode in the distribution maintains a constant drop diameter while the higher drop size mode moves toward a larger drop size. The experimental results may be accounted for by the hypothesis that the coalescence of dispersed drops above the maximum stable drop size for breakup is not effectively prevented by the stabilizer.
SimCompass: Using Deep Learning Word Embeddings to Assess Cross-level Similarity (2014)

This article presents our team’s participating system at SemEval-2014 Task 3. Using a meta-learning framework, we experiment with traditional knowledgebased metrics, as well as novel corpusbased measures based on deep learning paradigms, paired with varying degrees of context expansion. The framework enabled us to reach the highest overall performance among all competing systems.
Language Models sounds the Death Knell of Knowledge Graphs (2023)

Healthcare domain generates a lot of unstructured and semi-structured text. Natural Language processing (NLP) has been used extensively to process this data. Deep Learning based NLP especially Large Language Models (LLMs) such as BERT have found broad acceptance and are used extensively for many applications. A Language Model is a probability distribution over a word sequence. Self-supervised Learning on a large corpus of data automatically generates deep learning-based language models. BioBERT and Med-BERT are language models pre-trained for the healthcare domain. Healthcare uses typical NLP tasks such as question answering, information extraction, named entity recognition, and search to simplify and improve processes. However, to ensure robust application of the results, NLP practitioners need to normalize and standardize them. One of the main ways of achieving normalization and standardization is the use of Knowledge Graphs. A Knowledge Graph captures concepts and their relationships for a specific domain, but their creation is time-consuming and requires manual intervention from domain experts, which can prove expensive. SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine -- Clinical Terms), Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), and Gene Ontology (GO) are popular ontologies from the healthcare domain. SNOMED CT and UMLS capture concepts such as disease, symptoms and diagnosis and GO is the world's largest source of information on the functions of genes. Healthcare has been dealing with an explosion in information about different types of drugs, diseases, and procedures. This paper argues that using Knowledge Graphs is not the best solution for solving problems in this domain. We present experiments using LLMs for the healthcare domain to demonstrate that language models provide the same functionality as knowledge graphs, thereby making knowledge graphs redundant.
Site-specific 3D Imaging of Cells and Tissues Using DualBeam Technology (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Spirocyclic Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum pyramidatum (2014)

Five spirocyclic acylphloroglucinol derivatives (1-5) have been isolated from a hexanes extract of the leaves of Hypericum pyramidatum. Pyramidatones A-D (1-3, 5) are new, and chipericumin C (4) has been previously reported. The acylphloroglucinols were characterized based on spectroscopic (NMR, IR, UV-VIS) and mass spectrometric data.