gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spiroplasma membrane lipids (1985)

Membranes of six spiroplasma strains belonging to different Spiroplasma species and subgroups were isolated by a combination of osmotic lysis and sonication in the presence of EDTA to block endogenous phospholipase activity. Analysis of membrane lipids showed that in addition to free and esterified cholesterol the spiroplasmas incorporated exogenous phospholipids from the growth medium. Sphingomyelin was preferentially incorporated from phosphatidylcholine-sphingomyelin vesicles or from the serum used to supplement the growth medium. Palmitate was incorporated better than oleate into membrane lipids synthesized by the organisms during growth. The major phospholipid synthesized by the spiroplasmas was phosphatidylglycerol. The positional distribution of the fatty acids in phosphatidylglycerol of Spiroplasma floricola resembled that found in Mycoplasma species, in which the saturated fatty acids prefer position 2 in the glycerol backbone and not position 1 as found in Acholeplasma species and elsewhere in nature. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of spin-labeled fatty acids incorporated into S. floricola membranes exhibited homogeneous single-component spectra without immobilized regions. The S. floricola membranes were more rigid than those of Acholeplasma laidlawii and less rigid than those of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
Extending the Applicability of Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Total Soil Carbon Measurement (2003)

Soils are the major pool of terrestrial C globally. Estimating inventories and detecting changes in the soil C pool have remained elusive, largely because the spatial distribution of soil C varies considerably. New approaches are needed that enable more rapid, cost‐effective, and sensitive measurements of soil C and that reduce uncertainty in estimates of C pools and changes in those pools. In this note we extend the application of a new method of total soil C measurement: laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Carbon analysis using LIBS provides data in seconds from soils with little preparation, whereas conventional methods such as dry combustion require lengthy sample preparation and longer analysis times. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy instruments, unlike conventional instruments, can be used while in the field. This promising new method, however, has potential drawbacks, namely interference with Fe at approximately 248 nm. Here we report results of using a different C line at 193 nm to solve the interference problem. We also use a two‐element standardization factor to demonstrate that the 193‐nm line is nearly as sensitive to C concentration as the C line at 247.8 nm, and that calibration curves can be readily replicated. Overall these results indicate that LIBS is a very promising method to estimate soil C pools and dynamics.
Effect of lipid supplementation on milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in dairy cows (2016)

Eight ruminally fistulated, multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a double 4×4 Latin square with 14-d periods to investigate the effects of lipid supplementation on performance, rumen parameters, the milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acid (OBCFA) profile, and the relationships between milk OBCFA and rumen parameters. Lipid supplementation is known to inhibit microbial growth in the rumen, decrease de novo microbial fatty acid synthesis, and increase the uptake of circulating fatty acids by the mammary gland; treatments were selected to isolate these effects on the milk OBCFA profile. The 4 treatments were (1) a lipid-free emulsion medium infused in the rumen (CTL), (2) soybean oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids infused in the rumen (RSO), (3) saturated fatty acids (38% 16:0, 40% 18:0) infused in the rumen (RSF), and (4) saturated fatty acids infused in the abomasum (ASF). Fat supplements were provided continuously as emulsions at a rate of 450g/d. Preplanned contrasts compared CTL to RSO, RSO to RSF, and RSF to ASF. Infusing RSO slightly decreased ruminal pH, but did not affect volatile fatty acids profile and milk fat concentration as compared with CTL. The yields of energy-corrected milk, fat, and protein were greater with RSF compared with RSO. The concentration of odd-chain fatty acids was decreased by RSO, whereas even-chain iso fatty acids were not affected. Milk fat concentration of 17:0 + cis-9 17:1 was higher for RSF than for RSO, due to the saturated fatty acids supplement containing 2% 17:0 + cis-9 17:1. Limited differences were observed in the milk OBCFA profile between RSF and ASF. A multiple regression analysis yielded the following equation for predicting rumen pH based on milk fatty acids: pH=6.24 - (0.56×4:0) + (1.67 × iso 14:0) + (4.22 × iso 15:0) + (9.41×22:0). Rumen propionate concentration was negatively correlated with milk fat concentration of iso 14:0 and positively correlated with milk 15:0, whereas the acetate-to-propionate ratio gave the opposite correlations with milk iso 14:0 and 15:0. Milk fat concentration of 17:0 + cis-9 17:1 was not related to rumen propionate or to acetate-to-propionate ratio, due to the presence of 17:0 and cis-9 17:1 in the saturated fatty acids supplement. The results suggest that although lipid supplementation can affect the profile of milk OBCFA, the promise remains of using these milk fatty acids to evaluate rumen function.
Comparative Polymerization in the Gas Phase and in Clusters. 1. Covalent Dimer Formation and Entropy Barriers to Polymerization in Isobutene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparative Polymerization in the Gas Phase and in Clusters. 1. Covalent Dimer Formation and Entropy Barriers to Polymerization in IsobuteneMichael Meot-Ner, L. Wayne Sieck, M. Samy El-Shall, and George M. DalyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 29, 7737–7743Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00134a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00134a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A 45nm 2port 8T-SRAM using hierarchical replica bitline technique with immunity from simultaneous R/W access issues (2007)

We propose a new 2port (2P) SRAM with an 8T single-bit-line (SBL) memory cell for 4nm SOCs. Access time tends to be slower as the device size is scaled down because of the random threshold-voltage variations. The Divided read Bit line scheme with Shared local Amplifier (DBSA) realizes fast access time without increasing area penalty. We also show an additional important issue of a simultaneous Read and Write (R/W) access at the same row by using DBSA with the 8T-SBL memory cell. A rise of the storage node voltage causes the misreading. The Read End detecting Replica circuit (RER) and the Local read bit line with Dummy Capacitance (LDC) are introduced to solve this issue. A 128BL×512WL 64Kb 2P-SRAM macro which cell size is 0.597μm2 using these schemes was fabricated by 45nm LSTP CMOS process[1].
Comparisons of the calculated and measured acoustic pressure amplitude from single-bubble sonoluminescence (1997)

The acoustic emissions from single cavitation bubbles have been measured with a state-of-the-art needle hydrophone. The measurements correspond to a stable cavitation bubble driven below and above the sonoluminescence threshold. Previous measurements above this threshold indicated that the lower-bound peak pressure at a distance of 1 mm from the bubble was nearly 2 bar [I. M. Hallaj et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 2717(A) (1996)]. The measured pressure amplitude below the sonoluminescence threshold is much weaker. Comparisons of the measured amplitudes with calculations are considered. In one case the acoustic emission mechanism is considered as being due to internal shock waves diverging into the fluid. In a second case the acceleration of the bubble wall is considered as the mechanism for the acoustic pulse, assuming a spatially uniform gas pressure in the bubble. Both methods are consistent with the measured values. However, neither method agrees well with the measured pulse amplitudes of the afterbounces. The addition of damping mechanisms not currently considered in the theories should provide better agreement. [Work supported by NSF. WCM’s work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.]
Antibody directed to determinants of a Moloney virus derived MCF GP70 recognizes a thymic differentiation antigen. (1983)

We prepared an antiserum to a 14-amino-acid-long synthetic peptide derived from the published nucleotide sequence of a Moloney virus-derived MCF recombinant virus. This peptide is not found in the parental Moloney virus gp70 sequence or in other ecotropic viruses so far sequenced. When several tissues of the mouse were examined by Western blot analysis for related molecules, we found that thymocytes from 2-3-mo-old mice, but not splenic T cells or bone marrow cell extracts reacted with this probe. We found that the Mr 70,000 thymic glycoprotein recognized by the anti-peptide antiserum (81-TAg) was present at equivalent levels on peanut agglutinin positive thymocytes in all mouse strains tested. These results indicate that 81-TAg is a differentiation antigen that is related to the substituted portion of an MCF retrovirus.
Induction of interleukin‐10 and suppressor of cytokine signalling‐3 gene expression following peptide immunotherapy (2006)

HLA-DR-based T cell epitopes modify surrogate markers associated with successful immunotherapy and induction of immune regulation, supporting the concept that this form of treatment may be efficacious in human allergic disease.
Editorial: Special thematic issue on microbe-assisted crop production (2016)

Crop production is globally impacted by climate change and demographic development. The increasing world's population, diminishing land resources, extreme weather events, highly variable weather conditions and emerging pathogens require new solutions. Furthermore, many pesticides and inorganic fertilizers are harmful for human/animal safety and our environment; therefore, in several countries legislation has demanded lower inputs and sound agricultural management. Considering the fact that food production has to be substantially increased in the coming decades to feed the world's growing population, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to combat biotic and abiotic plant stress enabling a sustainable agricultural development.

Similar to the human gut, plants are associated with complex microbiota, which are important for the physiology and functioning of their host. Microbiota associated with guts or plants confer important functions such as nutrient uptake, antagonism of invading pathogens, protection against stress and providing metabolic capacities (Berendsen, Pieterse and Bakker 2012; Ramirez-Puebla et al. 2013; Hardoim et al. 2015). Aleklett and Hart (2013) suggested the plant microbiome as an extension of the host genotype. Well known are interactions between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, all which are very important for nutrient cycling and uptake and which are a very important contribution to sustainable crop production. However, many more beneficial interactions are known, and a high number of different microbial taxa … 

[↵][1]* Corresponding author: E-mail: angela.sessitsch{at}ait.ac.at

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Thermal Management of Microelectronic Equipment (2002)

With an increased demand on system reliability and performance combined with the miniaturization of devices, thermal consideration has become a crucial factor in the design of electronic packaging, from chip to system levels. This new book emphasizes the solving of practical design problems in a wide range of subjects related to various heat transfer technologies.While focusing on understanding the physics involved in the subject area, the authors have provided substantial practical design data and empirical correlations used in the analysis and design of equipment.The book provides the fundamentals along with a step-by-step analysis approach to engineering, making it an indispensable reference volume.The authors present a comprehensive convective heat transfer catalog that includes correlations of heat transfer for various physical configurations and thermal boundary conditions. They also provide property tables of solids and fluids. Lian-Tuu Yeh and Richard Chu are recognized experts in the field of thermal management of electronic systems and have a combined 60 years of experience in the defense and commercial industries.
hMule: an unified KAD-BitTorrent file-sharing application (2011)

BitTorrent is a fast, popular, P2P filesharing application with no search engine mapping keywords to contents. The trackerless approach uses a DHT based on Kademlia to look for sources when the SHA1 hash of the metadata of the content to transfer is known. However, this DHT implementation is exposed to several identified security issues. On the other hand, the KAD network uses a solid DHT implementation based also on Kademlia and developed for the eMule/amule P2P clients. The KAD DHT provides an extra level of indexation to map keywords to file identifiers that is used as search engine. We produced a hybrid implementation compatible with both P2P file sharing networks to have the KAD advantages on indexation and the BitTorrent speed for transfer without losing backward compatibility.
The Synthesis of a 1,3-Benzothiazine by a Novel Rearrangement of an N-Substituted Saccharin Derivative (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of a 1,3-Benzothiazine by a Novel Rearrangement of an N-Substituted Saccharin DerivativeHarold Zinnes, Roger A. Comes, and John Shavel Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 7, 2068–2070Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01030a540https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01030a540research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specificity of high resolution analysis of naphthenic acids in aqueous environmental matrices (2016)

The effect of environmental interferences and sample container pH adjustment on total naphthenic acids is reported during application of liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (LC/QToF).
Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier (2014)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS) and is a prerequisite for proper neuronal function. The BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that strictly control the passage of metabolites into and out of the CNS. Complex and continuous tight junctions and lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity make the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water soluble moleucles. In combination with its expression of specific enzymes and transport molecules, the BBB endothelium is unique and distinguishable from all other endothelial cells in the body. During embryonic development, the CNS is vascularized by angiogenic sprouting from vascular networks originating outside of the CNS in a precise spatio-temporal manner. The particular barrier characteristics of BBB endothelial cells are induced during CNS angiogenesis by cross-talk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and introduce more recently discovered CNS-specific pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Norrin/Frizzled4 and hedgehog) and molecules (GPR124) that are crucial in BBB differentiation and maturation. Finally, based on observations that BBB dysfunction is associated with many human diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke and brain tumors, we discuss recent insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium.
Functional Inorganic Nanofillers for Transparent Polymers (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The OMRS Project: State of the Art (1998)

The state of the art for reasoning systems is unsatisfactory in several respects. In most cases, provers are poorly specified, hardly interconnectible, and they require a deep insight of their custom features in order to fully exploit their capabilities. The OMRS project is aimed at providing a general framework for specifying, structuring, and interoperating provers. This paper surveys the current achievements of the research performed within the OMRS project, under both the theoretical and the experimental side, and provides a perspective of its future evolution.
Structural variant evolution after telomere crisis (2021)

Telomere crisis contributes to cancer genome evolution, yet only a subset of cancers display breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles and chromothripsis, hallmarks of experimental telomere crisis identified in previous studies. We examine the spectrum of structural variants (SVs) instigated by natural telomere crisis. Eight spontaneous post-crisis clones did not show prominent patterns of BFB cycles or chromothripsis. Their crisis-induced genome rearrangements varied from infrequent simple SVs to more frequent and complex SVs. In contrast, BFB cycles and chromothripsis occurred in MRC5 fibroblast clones that escaped telomere crisis after CRISPR-controlled telomerase activation. This system revealed convergent evolutionary lineages altering one allele of chromosome 12p, where a short telomere likely predisposed to fusion. Remarkably, the 12p chromothripsis and BFB events were stabilized by independent fusions to chromosome 21. The data establish that telomere crisis can generate a wide spectrum of SVs implying that a lack of BFB patterns and chromothripsis in cancer genomes does not indicate absence of past telomere crisis.
Operation of an adaptive processor using a photorefractive parallel integrator (1992)

A parallel optical technique for use in the adaptive processing of radar signals is described. We have demonstrated such a technique in an acousto-optic adaptive signal processing system designed to null the jamming of radar signals. This system features a time integrating correlator using a new type of photorefractive spatial light modulator exhibiting high levels of contrast, resolution, uniformity and sensitivity. Using this system we have demonstrated nulling of both narrow and wide band RF signals. The operation of the photorefractive integrating device, its performance and that of the overall system are discussed.
Size-dependent electroabsorptive properties of semiconductor microcrystallites in glass (1991)

Pronounced differences of behavior are seen in the electroabsorptive properties of semiconductor microcrystallites in glass, depending on their size. A rapid transition from confined ‘‘quantum-dot’’ properties to well-developed ‘‘bulk-crystal’’ behavior is observed.
A clinically relevant model of stroke using aged rats (2020)

Comorbidities like diabetes, arterial hypertension, or comorbidity factors such as hypercholesterolemia is common in elderly persons and are associated with higher risk of stroke. Since stroke afflicts mostly the elderly comorbid patients, it is highly desirable to test the efficacy of cell therapies in an appropriate animal stroke model. Animal models of stroke often ignore age and comorbidities frequently associated with aging, and this could be one of the explanations for unsuccessful bench-to-bedside translation of neuroprotective strategies. In order to mimic more closely the clinical condition, we have established a model of ischemic stroke in aged rats. Using this model, we showed that post-stroke angiogenesis is not impaired in the lesioned, aged brain and conclude that stroke in aged rodent models in reliable and more closely related to the human condition.
Failure Deformation and Stress Relaxation of Heated Egg White Gels (1993)

ABSTRACT Stress‐strain relationships were determined for heated egg white gels. Compressive strain at failure was independent of protein concentration, while stress at failure increased with protein concentration. Between the length ratios of 1.6 and 2.4 before and after compression, the heated egg white gels followed the Mooney Rivlin model. In stress relaxation, the asymptotic hypothetical equilibrium modulus increased with protein concentration.
Photoluminescence characteristics of Pb-doped, molecular-beam-epitaxy grown ZnSe crystal layers (2004)

The characteristic green photoluminescence emission and related phenomena in Pb-doped, molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE)-grown ZnSe crystal layers were investigated to explore the nature of the center responsible for the green emission. The intensity of the green emission showed a distinct nonlinear dependence on excitation intensity. Pb-diffused polycrystalline ZnSe was similarly examined for comparison. The characteristic green emission has been observed only in MBE-grown ZnSe crystal layers with moderate Pb doping. The results of the investigations on the growth conditions, luminescence, and related properties of the ZnSe crystal layers suggest that the green emission is due to isolated Pb replacing Zn and surrounded with regular ZnSe lattice with a high perfection.
Emission spectroscopic determination of heavy nitrogen 15N in trace amounts of sample. (1987)

of the 13N abundance is based on the measurement of the intensity ratio of the bandheads of the emission spectra of 14N14N, 14N15N and 15N15N molecules , between the wavelengths of 297 and 299 nm. The intensity of these spectra is proportional to the number of corresponding molecules. Then concentration of 15N (atom % ) can be calculated in the same way as in the case of mass-spectrometry.