gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Range, Polymer Chain Dynamics of a “Stiff” Polymer. Fluorescence from Poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) with N-(1-Pyrenylmethyl)succinimide Groups (2017)

The steady-state fluorescence (SSF) spectra and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) decays of five poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) copolymers (PIMA), randomly labeled with N-(1-pyrenylmethyl)succinimide groups (Py-PIMA), have been analyzed in order to describe their long-range, polymer chain dynamics (LRPCD) and to assess the stiffness of the PIMA backbone compared to that of a series of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s whose LRPCD had already been investigated. The SSF spectra, recorded under dilute concentration conditions where only intrachain events are important, show that the intensity ratio of pyrenyl excimer to pyrenyl monomer emission (i.e., (IE/IM)SSF) increases linearly with increasing pyrenyl content as a result of increased pyrenyl–pyrenyl contacts and diffusive encounters. The slope of the straight line, m(IE/IM), that reflected the efficiency of pyrenyl excimer formation for Py-PIMA, was found to be 60% smaller than for even poly(octadecyl methacrylate) (PC18MA), a polymer exhibiting slow LRPCD due to its long, bulky side chain. Analyses of the SSF spectra allowed separation of the averaged behavior of five different pyrenyl species in the Py-PIMA polymers, although only two of them were reflected in the LRPCD of PIMA. In addition, the fluorescence decays of the pyrenyl monomer and excimer, when fitted globally according to the model free analysis (MFA), yielded the average rate constant ⟨kMF⟩blob of pyrenyl excimer formation that directly represents the LRPCD of Py-PIMA. After having conducted two tests that confirmed the validity of the parameters retrieved from the MFA of the TRF decays, ⟨kMF⟩blob for Py-PIMA was compared to ⟨kMF⟩blob of nine other polymers. The result of this comparison leads us to conclude that the PIMA backbone is extremely stiff in THF. This study demonstrates the ability of the MFA of fluorescence decays acquired from polymers randomly labeled with pyrenyl groups to characterize quantitatively the LRPCD of even extremely stiff polymers.
Fosfomycin Tromethamine in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Clinical Study (2005)

The aim of our study was to verify if the empiric therapy with a single dose of 3 g fosfomycin tromethamine in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) was able to clinically resolveand to microbiologically eradicate the infection. A total of 387 out of the 400 patients (274 cases with acute and 113 cases with recurrent uncomplicated UTIs) were enrolled in the clinical study. Clinical and microbiological assessments were performed before and at 8-10 days after the administration. At follow-up high clinical recovery (88.9%) and bacteriological (94.9%) eradication rates were achieved. Gastrointestinal side effects were found in only 4.3% of patients. In conclusion, a single-dose administration regimen of fosfomycin tromethamine should be encouraged as a first choice of drug therapy for uncomplicated UTIs.
Activating Mutations in PIK3CB Confer Resistance to PI3K Inhibition and Define a Novel Oncogenic Role for p110β (2016)

Activation of the PI3K pathway occurs commonly in a wide variety of cancers. Experience with other successful targeted agents suggests that clinical resistance is likely to arise and may reduce the durability of clinical benefit. Here, we sought to understand mechanisms underlying resistance to PI3K inhibition in PTEN-deficient cancers. We generated cell lines resistant to the pan-PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 from parental PTEN-null breast cancer cell lines and identified a novel PIK3CB D1067Y mutation in both cell lines that was recurrent in cancer patients. Stable expression of mutant PIK3CB variants conferred resistance to PI3K inhibition that could be overcome by downstream AKT or mTORC1/2 inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that the p110β D1067Y mutant was highly activated and induced PIP3 levels at the cell membrane, subsequently promoting the localization and activation of AKT and PDK1 at the membrane and driving PI3K signaling to a level that could withstand treatment with proximal inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrate that the PIK3CB D1067Y mutant behaved as an oncogene and transformed normal cells, an activity that was enhanced by PTEN depletion. Collectively, these novel preclinical and clinical findings implicate the acquisition of activating PIK3CB D1067 mutations as an important event underlying the resistance of cancer cells to selective PI3K inhibitors.
Melanocortins induce interleukin 6 gene expression and secretion through melanocortin receptors 2 and 5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2010)

Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that not only affects the immune system, but also plays an active role in many physiological events in various organs. Notably, 35% of systemic IL6 originates from adipose tissues under noninflammatory conditions. Here, we describe a previously unknown function of melanocortins in regulating Il6 gene expression and production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through membrane receptors which are called melanocortin receptors (MCRs). Of the five MCRs that have been cloned, MC2R and MC5R are expressed during adipocyte differentiation. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or ACTH treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induces Il6 gene expression and production in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via various signaling pathways including the protein kinase A, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, cJun N-terminal kinase, and IkappaB kinase pathways. Specific inhibition of MC2R and MC5R expression with short interfering Mc2r and Mc5r RNAs significantly attenuated the alpha-MSH-induced increase of intracellular cAMP and both the level of Il6 mRNA and secretion of IL6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, when injected into mouse tail vein, alpha-MSH dramatically increased the Il6 transcript levels in epididymal fat pads. These results suggest that alpha-MSH in addition to ACTH may function as a regulator of inflammation by regulating cytokine production.
In Vitro evaluation of domperidone mouth dissolving tablets (2010)

In the present research work mouth dissolving tablets of domperidone were developed with superdisintegrants like crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycollate in various concentrations like 3%, 4% and 6% w/w by direct compression method. All formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics of compressed tablets such as weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro dissolution study. Among all, the formulation F3 (containing 6% w/w concentration of crospovidone) was considered to be the best formulation, having disintegration time of 9 s, wetting time of 15 s and in vitro drug release of 99.22% in 15 min.
The role of environmental factors in medically unexplained symptoms and related syndromes: conference summary and recommendations. (2002)

This monograph of peer-reviewed articles is based on presentations at the conference "Environmental Factors in Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms and Related Syndromes" held 10-12 January 2001 in Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. The purpose of the conference was to determine research priorities for elucidating the role of environmental factors in medically unexplained symptoms and symptom syndromes. These include conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivities, sick building syndrome, Gulf War illness, and the like. Approximately 1 1/2 days were devoted to plenary talks and 1 day was devoted to break-out sessions to discuss epidemiologic, psychosocial, and experimental research. Recommendations were made for a series of epidemiologic, psychosocial, and experimental research approaches, with acknowledgment that nosology issues are clearly fundamental to advancing understanding of these conditions.
The Interplay between Mutasynthesis and Semisynthesis: Generation and Evaluation of an Ansamitocin Library (2011)

Hand in Hand: Die Synthesefähigkeit dreier mutierter Ansamitocin und Geldanamycin produzierender Mikrobenstämme kombiniert mit chemischer Synthese lieferte 27 neue Ansamitocinderivate. Nach Struktur-Aktivitäts-Studien ist das N-Atom der Carbinolamid-Einheit für die zytotoxische Aktivität nicht wichtig; vielmehr spielt die α-Orientierung der C9-OH-Gruppe eine entscheidende Rolle [siehe Strukturen; chemische Synthese (rot), Mutasynthese (blau), Biosynthese (schwarz)].
Structural studies of 4-phenyl-2,4,6-triazatetracyclo[6.3.2.02,6.07,9]trideca-10,12-diene-3,5-dione, a dihydrodiazabullvalene. Preference for a bisected aminocyclopropane derivative having an unusual planar triazolidinedione ring (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies of 4-phenyl-2,4,6-triazatetracyclo[6.3.2.02,6.07,9]trideca-10,12-diene-3,5-dione, a dihydrodiazabullvalene. Preference for a bisected aminocyclopropane derivative having an unusual planar triazolidinedione ringGrant R. Krow, Yoon B. Lee, Steven W. Szczepanski, David E. Zacharias, and David B. BaileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 19, 5744–5749Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00253a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00253a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Strain on Hydrogen Entry and Transport in a High Strength Steel in Sodium Chloride Solution (1988)

The influences of mechanical strain on hydrogen entry and transport are reported for a high strength steel alloy (AISI 4340) under cathodic polarization in aqueous sodium chloride solution. The overall rate of hydrogen permeation and the quantity of hydrogen absorbed are shown to be particularly low in alkaline chloride at low cathodic current densities if the charging surface has been contaminated by slight corrosion. Evidence is presented that illustrates the role of mechanical strain in promoting enhanced hydrogen absorption as a result of film rupture. In addition to the conventional Devanathan‐Stachurski method, results from plastic straining of a cylindrical annular Devanathan‐Stachurski sample confirm the film rupture concept. Film removal is shown to enhance the overall rate of hydrogen entry by increasing the hydrogen surface coverage and possibly the adsorption‐absorption rate constant on the bare surfaces formed. This increases the mobile hydrogen concentration in the metal lattice. The presence of the intact metastable film modifies the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction, lowering the cathodic hydrogen overpotential at a given cathodic current density. This, consequently, is shown to lower hydrogen absorption for a given cathodic current density. The net effect of film rupture is to promote an increase in the hydrogen permeation rate independent of changes in the diffusion coefficient. Additional information indicates that long range enhanced diffusion of hydrogen by dislocation transport is not observed. Further evidence suggests that for sharp cracks, the rate of hydrogen accumulation at a position a distance from the crack tip where the crack initiates is an absorption controlled transport process. These findings provide additional insight on the rate limiting steps controlling the "time dependent" hydrogen assisted failure process of high strength steels in sodium chloride solution.
An Azapeptide Platform in Conjunction with Covalent Warheads to Uncover High-Potency Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (2023)

Main protease (M <sub>Pro</sub> ) of SARS-CoV-2, the viral pathogen of COVID-19, is a crucial nonstructural protein that plays a vital role in the replication and pathogenesis of the virus. Its protease function relies on three active site pockets to recognize P1, P2, and P4 amino acid residues in a substrate and a catalytic cysteine residue for catalysis. By converting the P1 Cα atom in an M <sub>Pro</sub> substrate to nitrogen, we showed that a large variety of azapeptide inhibitors with covalent warheads targeting the M <sub>Pro</sub> catalytic cysteine could be easily synthesized. Through the characterization of these inhibitors, we identified several highly potent M <sub>Pro</sub> inhibitors. Specifically, one inhibitor, MPI89 that contained an aza-2,2-dichloroacetyl warhead, displayed a 10 nM EC <sub>50</sub> value in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 from infecting ACE2 <sub>+</sub> A549 cells and a selectivity index of 875. The crystallography analyses of M <sub>Pro</sub> bound with 6 inhibitors, including MPI89, revealed that inhibitors used their covalent warheads to covalently engage the catalytic cysteine and the aza-amide carbonyl oxygen to bind to the oxyanion hole. MPI89 represents one of the most potent M <sub>Pro</sub> inhibitors developed so far, suggesting that further exploration of the azapeptide platform and the aza-2,2-dichloroacetyl warhead is needed for the development of potent inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 M <sub>Pro</sub> as therapeutics for COVID-19.
Observable subspaces for 3D human motion recovery (2009)

The articulated body models used to represent human motion typically have many degrees of freedom, usually expressed as joint angles that are highly correlated. The true range of motion can therefore be represented by latent variables that span a low-dimensional space. This has often been used to make motion tracking easier. However, learning the latent space in a problem- independent way makes it non trivial to initialize the tracking process by picking appropriate initial values for the latent variables, and thus for the pose. In this paper, we show that by directly using observable quantities as our latent variables, we eliminate this problem and achieve full automation given only modest amounts of training data. More specifically, we exploit the fact that the trajectory of a person's feet or hands strongly constrains body pose in motions such as skating, skiing, or golfing. These trajectories are easy to compute and to parameterize using a few variables. We treat these as our latent variables and learn a mapping between them and sequences of body poses. In this manner, by simply tracking the feet or the hands, we can reliably guess initial poses over whole sequences and, then, refine them.
Studies on the Food Poisoning Associated with Putrefaction of Marine Products-VI (1956)

As shown in our previous paper, V, neither trimethylamine (TMA) nor trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) was described to have any recognizable synergism on the action of histamine or “saurine” to contract intestine or uterus of guinea pigs. This paper also deals with the effect of those substances when added to histamine or “saurine” tested by shock symptoms in guinea pigs, skin reaction in rabbits and lethal dose for mice (LD50). The addition of TMA or TMAO resulted in no appreciable change in the action of histamine of “saurine” Per se in each experiment. Therefore, the presence of TMA or TMAO, if any, coald not be regarded to stand as a cooperative factor to either histamine or “saurine” in a foodstuff responsible for allergylike food poisoning.
A historical perspective of traction drives and related technology (1983)

The evolution of traction-drive technology, in a limited sense, is traced from its early development to the efforts underway today.
Differential Dose-Response to Oral Xemilofiban After Antecedent Intravenous Abciximab (1996)

Both the magnitude and the duration of pharmacodynamic response to xemilofiban were enhanced by prior abciximab treatment. The potentiated pharmacodynamic response was not evident after 1 week. This observation has implications for the safety and efficacy of sequential parenteral-oral GP IIb/IIIa blockade therapy and may be useful in deriving dose regimens for orally administered compounds.
The Potential Influence of the Microbiota and Probiotics on Women during Long Spaceflights (2016)

Humans have been exploring space for almost 55 years but space travel comes with many psychological and physiological changes that astronauts have to adapt to, both during and post flight missions. Now, with the reality of such missions lasting years, maintaining proper health of the flight crew is a high priority. While conditions such as nausea, bone loss, renal calculi and depression have been recognized, and approaches to medical and surgical care in space considered, the influence of the microbiota could be of added significance in maintaining astronaut health. While probiotics have long been part of the Russian cosmonaut diet, their use for specific health concerns of women has not been assessed. In this article, we explore the ways in which the microbiome may influence the health of female astronauts during long space flights, and present a rationale for the use of probiotics.
Rapid and Large-Area Visualization of Grain Boundaries in MoS2 on SiO2 Using Vapor Hydrofluoric Acid (2020)

Grain boundaries in two-dimensional (2D) material layers have an impact on their electrical, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties. Therefore, the availability of simple large-area characterization approaches that can directly visualize grains and grain boundaries in 2D materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) is critical. Previous approaches for visualizing grains and grain boundaries in MoS<sub>2</sub> are typically based on atomic resolution microscopy or optical imaging techniques (i.e., Raman spectroscopy or photoluminescence), which are complex or limited to the characterization of small, micrometer-sized areas. Here, we show a simple approach for an efficient large-area visualization of the grain boundaries in continuous chemical vapor-deposited films and domains of MoS<sub>2</sub> that are grown on a silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) substrate. In our approach, the MoS<sub>2</sub> layer on a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate is exposed to vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF), resulting in the differential etching of SiO<sub>2</sub> at the MoS<sub>2</sub> grain boundaries and SiO<sub>2</sub> underneath the MoS<sub>2</sub> grains as a result of VHF diffusing through the defects in the MoS<sub>2</sub> layer at the grain boundaries. The location of the grain boundaries can be seen by the resulting SiO<sub>2</sub> pattern using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or Raman spectroscopy. This method allows for a simple and rapid evaluation of grain sizes in 2D material films over large areas, thereby potentially facilitating the optimization of synthesis processes and advancing applications of 2D materials in science and technology.
Polymer Coating of Steel by a Combination of Electrografting and Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (2003)

Cathodic electrografting of poly(2-chloropropionate ethyl acrylate) (poly[cPEA]) onto steel followed by the styrene grafting-from by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an efficient strategy to impart strong adhesion to polystyrene films onto the electrically conductive substrate. Electrografting of poly(cPEA) chains at an appropriate potential and persistence of the activated chloride in the grafted chains were confirmed by XPS. Polystyrene deposition by ATRP with a ruthenium-based catalyst was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Adhesion of the polystyrene layer to the substrate is so strong that it cannot be detached by standard Scotch brand tapes. Moreover, local thermal analysis showed a loss of mobility for the PS chains tethered at the surface.
High spin molecules: (NBun 4)2[Mn8O4(O2CPh)12(Et2mal)2(H2O)2], a mixed-valence managenese(II/III) aggregate with dicarboxylate ligation, an unusual linked-butterfly structure, and an S= 3 ground state (1994)

Treatment of (NBun4)[Mn4O2(O2CPh)9(H2O)] with Na2(Et2mal) in MeCN leads to a nuclearity and oxidation level change to give (NBun4)2[Mn8O4(O2CPh)12(Et2mal)2(H2O)2]1; the crystal structure and magnetochemical studies show the core of the anion to have a unique topology consisting of two linked [Mn4O2] butterfly units and to possess an S = 3 ground state, respectively.
Water vapor δ2H and δ18O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (2009)

We present a detailed assessment of a commercially available water vapor isotopeanalyzer (WVIA, Los Gatos Research, Inc.) for simultaneous in-situ measurements ofδ2H andδ18O in water vapor. This method, based on off-axis integrated cavity outputspectroscopy, is an alternative to the conventional water trap/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques. We evaluate the analyzer in terms of precision, memoryeffects, concentration dependence, temperature sensitivity and long-term stability. Acalibration system based on ink jet technology is used to characterize the performanceand to calibrate the analyzer. Our results show that the precision at an averagingtime of 15 s is 0.16‰ forδ2H and 0.08‰ forδ18O. The isotope ratios are strongly dependent on the water mixing ratio of the air. Taking into account this concentrationdependence as well as the temperature sensitivity of the instrument we obtained along-term stability of the water isotope measurements of 0.38‰ forδ2H and 0.25‰forδ18O. The accuracy of the WVIA was further assessed by comparative measure-ments using IRMS and a dew point generator indicating a linear response in isotopic composition and H2O concentrations. The WVIA combined with a calibration systemprovides accurate high resolution water vapor isotope measurements and opens newpossibilities for hydrological and ecological applications
Pancreas-sparing Duodenectomy: Technique and Indications (2002)

Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety, and short-term functional outcome of a pancreas-sparing duodenectomy. Design: Prospective, uncontrolled study. Setting: University hospital, Sweden. Subjects: Four patients with extensive lesions in the duodenum (2 familial polyposis, 1 villous adenoma, and 1 giant multiple lipoma). Results: All 4 patients had a duodenectomy with sparing of 1-1.5 cm of the duodenal bulb and reinplantation of the biliary and pancreatic ducts into the jejunum. Except for one early postoperative bile leak the operative and postoperative courses were uneventful. The functional results have been promising with unaltered alimentary function in the 3 patients who had no preoperative outlet obstruction and complete resolution of symptoms in the patient with duodenal lipomas who had chronic incomplete obstruction preoperatively. Conclusions: Although the indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy are limited, the procedure can be done safely with gastrointestinal function maintained.
The Effect of Pioglitazone on the Liver (2006)

Pioglitazone improves FPG, primarily by reducing GNG flux in type 2 diabetic subjects.