gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-scale studies of factors related to coliform regrowth in drinking water (1996)

An 18-month survey of 31 water systems in North America was conducted to determine the factors that contribute to the occurrence of coliform bacteria in drinking water. The survey included analysis of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), coliforms, disinfectant residuals, and operational parameters. Coliform bacteria were detected in 27.8% of the 2-week sampling periods and were associated with the following factors: filtration, temperature, disinfectant type and disinfectant level, AOC level, corrosion control, and operational characteristics. Four systems in the study that used unfiltered surface water accounted for 26.6% of the total number of bacterial samples collected but 64.3% (1,013 of 1,576) of the positive coliform samples. The occurrence of coliform bacteria was significantly higher when water temperatures were > 15 degrees C. For filtered systems that used free chlorine, 0.97% of 33,196 samples contained coliform bacteria, while 0.51% of 35,159 samples from chloraminated systems contained coliform bacteria. The average density of coliform bacteria was 35 times higher in free-chlorinated systems than in chloraminated water (0.60 CFU/100 ml for free-chlorinated water compared with 0.017 CFU/100 ml for chloraminated water). Systems that maintained dead-end free chlorine levels of < 0.2 mg/liter or monochloramine levels of < 0.5 mg/liter had substantially more coliform occurrences than systems that maintained higher disinfectant residuals. Free-chlorinated systems with AOC levels greater than 100 micrograms/liter had 82% more coliform-positive samples and 19 times higher coliform levels than free-chlorinated systems with average AOC levels less than 99 micrograms/liter. Systems that maintained a phosphate-based corrosion inhibitor and limited the amount of unlined cast iron pipe had fewer coliform bacteria. Several operational characteristics of the treatment process or the distribution system were also associated with increased rates of coliform occurrence. The study concludes that the occurrence of coliform bacteria within a distribution system is dependent upon a complex interaction of chemical, physical, operational, and engineering parameters. No one factor could account for all of the coliform occurrences, and one must consider all of the parameters described above in devising a solution to the regrowth problem.
Analysis of packet transmission for ad-hoc mobile wireless networks (2004)

This paper analyzes the packet error rate (PER) in both mobile networks and cellular systems under interference-limited conditions. The analysis characterizes the time-varying signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) in the fading channels. First, the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average outage duration (AOD) of SIR are derived. The derivation leads to a new Markov model that classifies the propagation conditions into two exclusive states: one represents the condition that SIR is greater than a certain threshold. Next, PER is analytically derived on the basis of the model. The results show that the PER performance of the ad-hoc network is almost the same as that of the cellular system.
Effect of donor impurities on the conduction and valence bands of silicon (1982)

The energy shifts of valence and conduction band states in silicon due to the interaction of electrons and holes with ionized donors have been calculated by performing a partial wave analysis. The potential is modeled by the Yukawa form with the screening radius determined self-consistently by the Friedel sum rule. The results show that this effect is an important part of the optically measured band-gap narrowing. The variation of the Fermi energy due to this phenomenon is also calculated.
SPICA: Swiss portal for immune cell analysis (2021)

Single-cell transcriptomics allows the study of immune cell heterogeneity at an unprecedented level of resolution. The Swiss portal for immune cell analysis (SPICA) is a web resource dedicated to the exploration and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data of immune cells. In contrast to other single-cell databases, SPICA hosts curated, cell type-specific reference atlases that describe immune cell states at high resolution, and published single-cell datasets analysed in the context of these atlases. Additionally, users can privately analyse their own data in the context of existing atlases and contribute to the SPICA database. SPICA is available at https://spica.unil.ch.
A Note concerning the Environmental Acceptability of Nitrilo-Triacetic Acid (NTA): The Effect of NTA on the Growth of

Gymnodinium Breve (1974)

Abstract The effect of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on the growth of Gymnodinium breve was determined by a modification of the flask test of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry / Government Task Force on Eutrophication (1969). The response of G. breve to enrichment of natural waters with NTA alone or NTA in the presence of domestic waste materials was evaluated in terms of four growth parameters (lag time, growth constant, mean generation time and maximum cell count). NTA was not toxic to G. breve at concentrations up to 10 ppm and no biostimulatory effects were noted.
Frequency and bandwidth dependence of millimeter wave ultra-wide-band channels (2017)

If a channel is frequency dependent then Uncorrelated Scattering (US) (a narrow-band assumption) don't hold. This has a significant impact at the considered channel modeling methodology as delay and angular dispersion of waves can no longer be studied independently because the small scale fading of individual multipath components become correlated. In this paper, we investigate the frequency dependence of the 30 GHz millimeter-Wave (mmWave) Ultra-Wide band (UWB) channel. Our indoor small lecture room measured channel results show that both delay and angular spreads vary significantly for different frequencies within a measured UWB channel. This is due to different interactions with objects in the environment due to significant difference in the comparative wavelengths. Therefore, we stress that mmWave-UWB channel modeling methodology must take into account the frequency dependence of channel parameters. In order to support its significance, we have also provided an evidence from mmWave system architecture point of view.
An adaptive fuzzy-logic procedure for ranking logical sensory performance (2003)

Multiple sensors are necessary for mobile robot operation in unknown environments. The multitude of sensors must be fused. For reliable fusion it is important to determine the performance of each sensor. A sensor ranking procedure based on an adaptive fuzzy logic algorithm for sensor fusion was developed. The procedure assumes unknown a-priori sensory performance and ranks the sensors according to their noise rates. The ranking procedure and its analysis are presented in this paper.
Global watch: The state of biological investigations (2010)

International capabilities must be supported and improved to respond to alleged uses of biological agents.
Qualitaetssicherung beim Beton fuer Tunnelinnenschalen: Schadenssanierung und Massnahmen zur Schadensvermeidung / Quality assurance for tunnel inner shells: repairing damage and measures designed to avoid damage (2001)

Bei der Herstellung von Tunneln muessen immer wieder Betoniermaengel festgestellt werden, welche eine Sanierung und in manchen Faellen sogar den Abbruch von kompletten Gewoelben erforderlich machen. Es werden die Schadensursachen, die Schwierigkeiten bei der Beurteilung der Schaeden und von durchgefuehrten Sanierungen aufgezeigt. Die groessten Schaeden entstehen infolge von Arbeitsunterbrechungen beim Betonieren. Das Arbeiten mit dem Schalwagen ist haeufige Fehlerquelle bei den Betonierarbeiten. Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen sollten zur Qualitaetsverbesserung zukuenftiger Tunnel beitragen. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Flaws resulting from concreting are constantly determined during tunnel construction, which call for redevelopment and even in some cases culminate in complete vaults having to be demolished. The causes of damage, difficulties in assessing damage and completed repairs are dealt with. The most serious damage results from interruptions in work during the concreting stage. Operations involving the formwork can represent a frequent source of flaws when it comes to concreting. The experience gained is intended to contribute towards improving the quality of future tunnels. (A)
Effect of Number and Length of Outerwalls on Cantilevered-Carbon-Nanotube Resonators (2012)

In this paper, we investigated the resonant frequencies of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) resonators with short outertubes according to the classical molecular dynamics approach. The resonant frequencies of the MWCNT resonators with short outertubes were influenced in both the wall number and the length of the short outertubes. The resonance frequencies of MWCNTs with short outertubes could be modeled by Gaussian distribution functions. Both the bandwidth and the sensitivity increased with increasing the wall number of the outertubes. The maximum frequency increased with increasing the diameter and with increasing the wall number of the outertubes for MWCNTs. So the effects of increasing the wall number of the outertubes were very important factors for understanding the vibrational frequency changes of MWCNTs with short outertubes as well as the effect of increasing the lengths of the outertubes.
Ohmic Compensation in Desert Soil Using a Galvanostatic DC Bridge (1990)

A modified wheatstone bridge circuit has been used with success to compensate ohmic interferences in soil and other high resistivity corrosive solutions during galvanostatic (current controlled) dc measurements. Previous applications of the circuit have been reviewed and details of operation described. The most current use in our laboratories has been a study of corrosion in desert soils at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site (NNTS). A profile of desert soils samples with depth was obtained for electrochemical testing of lead and steel, which are construction materials for low level nuclear waste containers at NNTS. The soils were of naturally high resistivity, requiring compensation of ohmic interferences during electrochemical polarization measurements for corrosion rate (polarization resistance) determinations and cathodic protection requirements. Results are described briefly on effects of sulfate, chloride and carbonate, all of which can be derived from variations of soil composition with depth. Effects of added moisture content on all soil samples are also discussed.
Measurement of ethanol concentration using solvent extraction and dichromate oxidation and its application to bioethanol production process (2008)

A method for measuring the ethanol concentration in a yeast culture broth was developed using both microtubes and a 96-deepwell microplate. The strategy involved first the solvent extraction of ethanol from the yeast culture broth and measurements of the ethanol concentration using the dichromate oxidation method. Particular focus was made on selecting the extraction solvent as well as determining the measurable range of ethanol concentrations using this solvent extraction-dichromate oxidation method. This method was developed as an assay format in 2.0-ml microtubes and 1.2-ml 96-deepwell microplates, and the ethanol concentration in the batch cultures and fed-batch fermentations was measured. Tri-n-butyl phosphate [non-alcoholic solvent, density = 0.9727, solubility in water = 0.028% (w/v)] was used for solvent extraction when measuring the ethanol concentration from the yeast culture broth. The maximum detectable ethanol concentration was 8% (v/v) when 10 g potassium dichromate in 100 ml of 5 M sulfuric acid was used. The concentrations determined from the solvent extraction-dichromate oxidation methods were remarkably similar to those of gas chromatography in which samples were prepared from seven experiments, such as four batch cultures and three fed-batch fermentations.
Osteoblast-derived factors increased metastatic potential in human prostate cancer cells (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Toll-like receptors and diabetes: a therapeutic perspective (2011)

Diabetes is a mutifactorial metabolic disorder that leads to a number of complications. Diabetes is estimated to affect 36 million people in the U.S.A., and the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes is at 9.3% and continues to rise. Evidence from experimental animal models as well as humans has indicated that systemic inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiological processes of diabetes and is facilitated by innate immune responses. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are key innate immune receptors that recognize conserved PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), induce inflammatory responses essential for host defences and initiate an adaptive immune response. Although TLR expression is increased in a plethora of inflammatory disorders, the effects of metabolic aberrations on TLRs and their role in diabetes and its complications is still emerging. In the present paper, we provide a systematic review on how TLRs play a detrimental role in the pathogenic processes [increased blood sugar, NEFAs (non-esterified 'free' fatty acids), cytokines and ROS (reactive oxygen species)] that manifest diabetes. Furthermore, we will highlight some of the therapeutic strategies targeted at decreasing TLRs to abrogate inflammation in diabetes that may eventually result in decreased complications.
<title>Session mobility support for multimedia applications</title> (1998)

In this paper, we consider the problem of providing multimedia services to mobile clients, from the viewpoint of designing applications and systems that support session mobility. We present a software architecture for multimedia services that supports session hand-off between service providers, and allows operating parameters of all components of the session to be altered as part of the hand-off. We describe a user interface that simplifies initiating session mobility, while taking into consideration display device capability. We discuss the system support that is necessary, and describe the implementation of our ideas within our software architecture.
Pulsed Laser Microbeam Cell Lysis: Analysis of Biological Response by Hydrodynamic Modeling and Fluorescence Assays (2006)

Time resolved imaging and fluorescent assays were used to examine the biological response of confluent cell cultures to pulsed laser microbeam cell lysis using cavitation bubbles generated by Nd:YAG nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm.
Parameterized Spatial SQL Translation for Geographic Question Answering (2014)

Spatial SQL (structured query language) is a powerful tool for systematically solving geographic problems, however, it has not been widely applied to the problem of geographic question answering. This paper introduces a parameterized approach to translate natural language geographic questions into spatial SQLs. In particular, three types of complexity are introduced and initial solutions are proposed to deal with these complexities. The entire parameterization process is implemented to generate spatial SQL templates for five types of geographic questions. It is suggested that our approach is useful for solving natural geographic problems using spatial functions such as those in a GIS.
OR08-2 Androgen Receptor- Vs Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Actions in the Development of Distinct Clinical Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Phenotypes (2019)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder characterised by reproductive, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. Currently, as the origins of PCOS remain unknown, mechanism-based treatments are not feasible and management relies on treatment of symptoms. However if the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of PCOS were uncovered then this would allow development of new interventions for PCOS. Hyperandrogenism is a key defining characteristic of PCOS and clinical and animal studies support an important role for androgen driven actions in the development of PCOS. However, while testosterone (T) is consistently elevated in PCOS patients, it can be aromatized into estradiol which can act via the estrogen receptor (ER). To determine if ER-mediated actions play a role in the development of PCOS, we assessed the ability of T vs dihydrotestosterone (DHT, non-aromatizable androgen) excess to induce PCOS traits in wild type (WT, control) and androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice, who have a loss of androgen receptor (AR) but not ER actions. WT and ARKO prepubertal mice were implanted with a blank, T or DHT implant and examined after 12 weeks. As expected, T and DHT excess were able to induce the PCOS trait of anovulation in WT mice as no corpora lutea (CL) were observed in their ovaries (CL number: WT+blank: 9.5±2.1; WT+DHT: 0±0; WT+T: 0±0, P<0.01). In contrast, ARKO mice treated with DHT implants ovulated, but those treated with T still exhibited ovulatory disruption (P<0.05) (CL number: ARKO+blank: 2.3±0.3; ARKO+DHT: 3.3±0.4; ARKO+T: 0.4 ±0.4). This finding implies that ER actions in the absence of AR actions can induce ovulatory dysfunction, one reproductive feature of PCOS. In WT mice, DHT but not T excess induced metabolic features of PCOS (e.g. body weight (WT+blank: 23.4g±0.5; WT+DHT: 27.1g±0.6; WT+T: 22.5g±0.67, P<0.01), however neither androgen had an effect in ARKO mice (body weight, ARKO+blank: 23.1g±0.4; ARKO+DHT: 24.1g±0.7; ARKO+T: 23.5g±0.4). This data demonstrates a key role for AR signalling in the establishment of reproductive and metabolic traits of PCOS, but also suggests that ER-mediated actions may also contribute to the development of reproductive features of PCOS. These results suggest that lean PCOS patients lacking hyperandrogenism but with reproductive features of PCOS may have a distinct pathophysiology and prognosis from hyperandrogenic-PCOS patients, requiring a different treatment approach.
Double-Stranded RNA Deaminase ADAR1 Increases Host Susceptibility to Virus Infection (2006)

The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that modifies cellular and viral RNA sequences by adenosine deamination. ADAR1 has been demonstrated to play important roles in embryonic erythropoiesis, viral response, and RNA interference. In human hepatitis virus infection, ADAR1 has been shown to target viral RNA and to suppress viral replication through dsRNA editing. It is not clear whether this antiviral effect of ADAR1 is a common mechanism in response to viral infection. Here, we report a proviral effect of ADAR1 that enhances replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) through a mechanism independent of dsRNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 interacts with dsRNA-activated protein kinase PKR, inhibits its kinase activity, and suppresses the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha) phosphorylation. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on PKR activation, ADAR1 increases VSV infection in PKR+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts; however, no significant effect was found in PKR-/- cells. This proviral effect of ADAR1 requires the N-terminal domains but does not require the deaminase domain. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of ADAR1 that increases host susceptibility to viral infection by inhibiting PKR activation.
Synthesis of γ-L-Glutamylalkylamides Catalyzed by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Having γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Activity (2012)

γ-L-glutamyl alkylamines have potential medicinal value. In this research, five different γ-L-glutamyl alkylamines were synthesized. The result showed that substrate specificity of alkylamines, from high to low, is methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine and n-butylamine. The reaction was optimal at pH 9.5 and 45°C, and the optimal substrate mole ratio of L-glutamine to alkylamine was 1:3 (mol/mol).Under these conditions, conversion rate of L-glutamine is about 90% (mol/mol)．
Principal Component Regression Approach for QT Variability Estimation (2005)

New algorithm for quantifying the variation in the QT interval of ECG recording is presented. The algorithm is based on the Principal Component Regression where the eigenvectors of the data correlation matrix are calculated. The eigenvectors are then used for calculation of the principal components and one of them is selected to represent the information about T wave variation. The algorithm is tested using high speed ECG recording.
Stationary-phase acid and heat treatments for improvement of the viability of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (2004)

Strain-specific treatments were developed for the viability enhancement of stationary-phase probiotic cells both at laboratory and fermenter scale. These results can be utilised in the production of probiotic cultures with improved viability.
DNA-functionalized silicon nitride nanopores for sequence-specific recognition of DNA biosensor (2015)

Nanopores have been proven to be novel and versatile single-molecule sensors for individual unlabeled biopolymer detection and characterization. In the present study, a relatively large silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanopore with a diameter of approximately 60 nm was fabricated successfully using a focused Ga ion beam (FIB). We demonstrated a simple ex situ silanization procedure to control the size and functionality of solid-state nanopores. The presented results show that by varying the silanization time, it is possible to adjust the efficiency of probe molecule attachment, thus shrinking the pore to the chosen size, while introducing selective sensing probes. The functionalization of nanopores was verified by analysis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrical measurements. Based on this study, we envision that the functionalized silicon nitride nanopores with the DNA probe might provide a biosensing platform for the detection and discrimination of a short single-stranded DNA oligomer of unknown sequences in the future.
Triangulated finite difference methods for global‐scale electromagnetic induction simulations of whole mantle electrical heterogeneity (2010)

Long‐period, global‐scale electromagnetic induction data have long been recognized as containing potentially useful information for constraining our understanding of the dynamics and physiochemical state of Earth's deep interior. A key component to realizing the potential of this data set is the ability to compute the induction response of a fully 3‐D Earth mantle in global spherical geometries. In this contribution a novel finite difference method is described which preserves many algorithmic advantages of staggered grid discretizations in Cartesian computational electromagnetics but is generalized for the sphere by introducing a hybrid, tensor product mesh consisting of concentrically nested, triangulated, spherical shells topologically connected node‐for‐node in the radial direction. Such a discretization allows for a flexible distribution of mesh nodes in the lateral sense and avoids the problems associated with excessive node density near the poles which results from conformally mapping the standard Cartesian mesh. Modified finite difference templates for spherical geometries are derived and presented, as is a comparison with integral equation solutions for a simple double‐hemisphere test model. As a first step toward applying the algorithm for mantle induction studies, results of a conservative, thermally activated mantle heterogeneity model confirm that mantle structure remains observable in the presence of the strongly conductive ocean and may manifest important, diagnostic signatures in the orientation of the horizontal component of induced magnetic field.