gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitor Discharging Through Asynchronous Circuit Switching (2013)

Operation elasticity due to the proportional relationship between energy and switching activity of asynchronous circuits has made them hugely attractive for energy harvesting systems. Using asynchronous logic makes it possible to minimize the power regulation efforts and instead, supply the circuit directly from the energy storage while a proper load scheduler is employed. In this context, the switching behaviour of the asynchronous load while it is powered by a capacitor becomes crucial to the effectiveness of the scheduler. This paper examines the relationship between the switching behaviour of a self-timed digital circuit and the dynamic characteristic of the voltage on the capacitor while the circuit is powered by the capacitor. For this purpose, a sample system is considered that consists of an initially charged capacitor which is discharged through the switching of a ring oscillator. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the supply voltage of the ring oscillator over time as it operates. Our analytical solution shows maximum 4.6% and 5.4% difference from experimental results in super and sub-threshold regions respectively. The experimental results are captured from a chip fabricated at 180nm technology node.
Chlorambucil pharmacokinetics and DNA binding in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. (1989)

Chlorambucil (CLB) uptake by chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes was studied using a radiometric and a newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography assay. CLB labeled with 14C in either the chloroethyl group or phenyl ring was used with identical results. Drug accumulation by the cells was found to peak at 30 s, was independent of temperature, and was proportional to medium CLB concentration over a wide range. Efflux from cells loaded with CLB and resuspended in drug-free medium was nearly complete at 30 s. The metabolic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and NaN3, the nitrogen mustard transport inhibitor hemicholinium-3, and another alkylating agent, melphalan, had no effect on drug uptake. We conclude that CLB enters and exits chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes by simple diffusion. Cells from 17 patients with all stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia were studied including three with CLB-resistant disease, and no heterogeneity was found in the peak cell-associated CLB content or in metabolite pattern on high-performance liquid chromatography. These findings make it unlikely that transport or cellular drug metabolism are factors in drug resistance. Drug-DNA binding was found to be temperature-sensitive and increased with time of incubation. Gel filtration of DNA before and after enzymatic digestion indicated the presence of drug-DNA adducts. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of digested DNA and DNA treated by neutral thermal hydrolysis suggested the presence of multiple adducts. Most of the radioactivity was found as purine adducts. Studies with CLB labeled at two different sites revealed the presence of the phenyl group and ethyl chains in the adducts. A survey of patients showed increased drug-DNA binding in cells from patients with clinical CLB resistance.
Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effects of red algae Gracilaria changii (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) extract (2013)

Results from the study, suggest that the mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracillaria changii possesses anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic properties. Further examination of the active constituent of the extract and its mechanism of action is warranted in the future.
Influence of Halogen Substituents on the Self-Assembly of Oligothiophenes−A Combined STM and Theoretical Approach (2005)

Iodinated quaterthiophenes 2-3 have been synthesized and their self-assembling behavior investigated at the liquid-solid interface by means of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy in comparison to parent oligothiophene 1. All three compounds spontaneously give well-ordered 2D crystalline monolayers at the graphite surface and order in a lamella-type arrangement of the conjugated backbones concomitant with an interlocking of the alkyl side chains. Symmetrically substituted oligothiophenes 1 and 3 without a relevant dipole moment self-assemble in a similar fashion, exhibiting comparable unit cells, whereas monoiodo derivative 2 arranges as pairs along the lamella axis due to the presence of a permanent dipole moment induced by the polarizable halogen group. Corroborated by quantum chemical calculations, novel head-to-head (iodo-iodo) intermolecular interactions were found to take place for this unsymmetrical derivative. The investigation of mixed solutions clearly reveals that at the solid-liquid interface a homogeneous layer of this compound is formed, which comprises the highest packing density leading to a separation process at the interface.
Development of Lentiviral Vectors Simultaneously Expressing Multiple siRNAs Against CCR5, vif and tat/rev Genes for an HIV-1 Gene Therapy Approach (2016)

Gene therapy holds considerable promise for the functional cure of HIV-1 infection and, in this context, RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches represent powerful strategies. Stable expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HIV genes or cellular cofactors has the potential to render HIV-1 susceptible cells resistant to infection. To inhibit different steps of virus life cycle, self-inactivating lentiviral vectors expressing multiple siRNAs targeting the CCR5 cellular gene as well as vif and tat/rev viral transcripts, under the control of different RNA polymerase III promoters (U6, 7SK, H1) were developed. The use of a single RNA polymerase III promoter driving the expression of a sequence giving rise to three siRNAs directed against the selected targets (e-shRNA) was also investigated. Luciferase assay and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human Jurkat T-cell line were adopted to select the best combination of promoter/siRNA. The efficacy of selected developed combinatorial vectors in interfering with viral replication was evaluated in human primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We identified two effective anti-HIV combinatorial vectors that conferred protection against R5- and X4- tropic viruses. Overall, our results showed that the antiviral effect is influenced by different factors, including the promoter used to express the RNAi molecules and the selected cassette combination. These findings contribute to gain further insights in the design of RNAi-based gene therapy approaches against HIV-1 for clinical application.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on the chromotropism of ternary copper(II) complexes (2001)

Ternary complexes of copper(II) with β-ketoesters [β-keto = ethyl acetoacetate (HETAA) and ethyl benzoylacetate (HETBA)] and diamines [diam = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (Me4en), N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (Me3en), N,N,N′-triethylethylenediamine (Et3en) and N-methyl-1,4-diazacycloheptane (medach)] of general formula Cu(β-keto)(diam)X, where X− = ClO4, BPh4, NO3, Cl or Br, have been prepared. Their structure and chromotropicity have been characterized using spectral analyses, electrochemical and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Complexes having perchlorate, tetraphenylborate and nitrate as anions show a remarkable change from reddish violet to green in different solvents and anions with increasing donor strength of the solvent or anion. Complexes having chloride and bromide as anions are highly influenced by the acceptor property rather than the donor property of the solvent. The spectral studies revealed the possibility of using these complexes as Lewis acid–base color indicators for both solvent and anion donor strength. Cyclic voltammetric measurements on the complexes in different solvents showed that the reduction process is mainly diffusion controlled and quasi-reversible or irreversible. Such behavior has been explained according to the ECE mechanism (E = electrochemical step, C = chemical step). The solvent effect has been rationalized in terms of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the redox processes. A correlation has been found between the copper(II) reduction potential and the spectral data in different solvents.
The Robust Inference for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model (1989)

Abstract We derive the asymptotic distribution of the maximum partial likelihood estimator β for the vector of regression coefficients β under a possibly misspecified Cox proportional hazards model. As in the parametric setting, this estimator β converges to a well-defined constant vector β*. In addition, the random vector n 1/2(β – β*) is asymptotically normal with mean 0 and with a covariance matrix that can be consistently estimated. The newly proposed robust covariance matrix estimator is similar to the so-called “sandwich” variance estimators that have been extensively studied for parametric cases. For many misspecified Cox models, the asymptotic limit β* or part of it can be interpreted meaningfully. In those circumstances, valid statistical inferences about the corresponding covariate effects can be drawn based on the aforementioned asymptotic theory of β and the related results for the score statistics. Extensive studies demonstrate that the proposed robust tests and interval estimation procedures are appropriate for practical use. In particular, the robust score tests perform quite well even for small samples. In contrast, the conventional model-based inference procedures often lead to tests with supranominal size and confidence intervals with rather poor coverage probability.
Haze ratio enhancement using a closely packed ZnO monolayer structure (2010)

A ZnO thin-film that comprised a ZnO monolayer close-packed structure embedded in ZnO sol-gel was fabricated. The structure contained ZnO spheres of various sizes. At normal incidence, the mean optical transmittance of the thin-film was 60% in the visible region when the structure contained spheres with a diameter of 300 nm. An average haze ratio of 80% was obtained from the thin-film when the structure was formed using 500 nm-diameter spheres. The thin-film exhibits broad-band transparency and a high haze ratio. It can be used as a light-trapping structure in an ultrathin solar cell.
Effectively Protect Your Privacy: Enabling Flexible Privacy Control on Web Tracking (2017)

Third-party tracking, which can collect the users' privacy when users are surfing the Internet, has garnered much attention. Nowadays tracker-blocking tools often use a ruleset based on the domains and elements that need to be blocked. This results in blocking all access tracking, even though the website shows no sign about tracking users' privacy. And what's more, although the tracker-blocking tools try their best to block all the third-party tracking, not all the users dislike the advertisement. Some of them think if their privacy is fine, it's all right to accept advertisements. In this paper, we present a novel framework by using Word2Vec to block third-party tracking. Our goal is to create more flexible and well-developed ruleset that can help users to protect their privacy according to their needs. Instead of blocking all access tracking, we decide to pay more attention to the websites that have a strong probability to collect the users' privacy. We use Word2Vec to classify the websites, and our results show that after using our framework, the error rate drops from 71% to 24%. We believe it brings the new blood into the field of web privacy by providing not only the new third-party tracking tool but also a novel way of thinking about how to block the third-party tracking.
Computer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 10. Stereochemistry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 10. StereochemistryCatherine E. Peishoff and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 17, 3174–3184Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00217a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00217a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Impact of multi-scale retinex computation on performance of segmentation algorithms</title> (2004)

Classical segmentation algorithms subdivide an image into its constituent components based upon some metric that defines commonality between pixels. Often, these metrics incorporate some measure of activity in the scene, e.g. the amount of detail that is in a region. The Multiscale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR) is a general purpose, non-linear image enhancement algorithm that significantly affects the brightness, contrast and sharpness within an image. In this paper, we will analyze the impact the MSRCR has on segmentation results and performance.
A novel nonsense ATP2C1 mutation causes Hailey-Hailey disease in a Tunisian family (2018)

Background: Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant blistering skin disorder that manifests in the third to fourth decade of life. The ATP2C1 has been identified as the pathogenic gene of this disease since 2000. Materials and Methods: We report here a three generations Tunisian pedigree, where almost all males are severely affected and present with complete penetrance of HHD, while only one female shows a mild disease’s phenotype in her fourth decade. A molecular study using Whole exome sequencing and direct sequencing was performed to this family. Results: By whole exome sequencing and direct DNA sequencing, a novel nonsense mutation in ATP2C1 (c.2698A>T; p.Lys900Ter) was identified in all patients, supporting that alterations in ATP2C1 are causative of HHD. Unexpectedly, this mutation was found in one female who was initially not diagnosed for HHD. Our observations would be in line with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity between male and female of this disease, or evidence for genetic modifiers. Conclusion: We report here a novel nonsense heterozygous mutation in ATP2C1 gene in 5 patients with HHD. Interestingly, one woman carries the nonsense ATP2C1 mutation but displays a mild phenotype of HHD. This could indicate a variation in pattern and expressivity between male and female developing HHD phenotype which should be considered when providing genetic counselling to family members carrying such mutations.
Implementation, Modelling and Verification of High-Speed Mach-Zehnder Phase Modulators in an Open Access InP Foundry Platform (2023)

We present the introduction of high-speed phase modulators based on the quantum-confined Stark effect to the generic InP foundry platform at Fraunhofer HHI. An overview of the technological integration of the high-speed phase Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) to the existing generic foundry process is described. In addition, an electro-optical behavioral model for the high speed MZM, which gives insight into the influence of design parameters on performance, is discussed. The presented MZM structure with a traveling wave electrode length of 5 mm has a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_\pi$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.4 V and a small signal electro-optic 3 dB bandwidth of 32 GHz. Large signal RF operation up to 80 Gbps is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest-performance MZMs in an InP open access integrated photonics foundry platform.
A method for designing metamorphic mechanisms and its application (2009)

With the research into metamorphic mechanisms, three basic metamorphic ways is introduced. The essence of these metamorphic ways is restricted to the transformation of variable kinematic pairs. A method for designing new metamorphic mechanisms is proposed: Firstly, primary type synthesis of mechanisms should be done respectively according to the needs of each configuration. Then appropriate variable kinematic pairs are selected to replace original kinematic pairs in order to achieve combination and variation of these mechanisms for meeting the needs of different tasks. A metamorphic mechanism for operating a hatch is developed to achieve the moving trajectory of the hatch according to the method. The method has demonstrated to be feasible in designing new metamorphic mechanisms.
Unconditional Steady-State Entanglement in Macroscopic Hybrid Systems by Coherent Noise Cancellation (2018)

The generation of entanglement between disparate physical objects is a key ingredient in the field of quantum technologies, since they can have different functionalities in a quantum network. Here we propose and analyze a generic approach to steady-state entanglement generation between two oscillators with different temperatures and decoherence properties coupled in cascade to a common unidirectional light field. The scheme is based on a combination of coherent noise cancellation and dynamical cooling techniques for two oscillators with effective masses of opposite signs, such as quasispin and motional degrees of freedom, respectively. The interference effect provided by the cascaded setup can be tuned to implement additional noise cancellation leading to improved entanglement even in the presence of a hot thermal environment. The unconditional entanglement generation is advantageous since it provides a ready-to-use quantum resource. Remarkably, by comparing to the conditional entanglement achievable in the dynamically stable regime, we find our unconditional scheme to deliver a virtually identical performance when operated optimally.
Ge 3d core-level shifts at (100)Ge∕Ge(Hf)O2 interfaces: A first-principles investigation (2008)

First-principles calculations of Ge 3d core-level shifts on (100)Ge∕Ge(Hf)O2 interface models, presenting a GeOx transition region that samples different possible oxidation states for Ge atoms near the interface are reported. The fractional densities of these different oxidation states present in the modeled structures are consistent with those inferred from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data on thermally oxidized (100)Ge surfaces. The computed relative Ge 3d core-level shifts are in overall fair agreement with the experimental values reported in the literature, especially for the Ge–O–Hf bonds that are likely formed at the GeO2∕HfO2 interface. The computed core-level shifts increase linearly with the partial atomic charges on the Ge atoms, consistently with a classical charge-transfer model usually used for the interpretation of experimental data on (100)Ge∕Ge(Hf)O2 interfaces.
Alkaline Water Electrolysis at 25 A cm−2 with a Microfibrous Flow‐through Electrode (2020)

Abstract The generation of renewable electricity is variable, leading to periodic oversupply. Excess power can be converted to H 2 via water electrolysis, but the conversion cost is currently too high. One way to decrease the cost of electrolysis is to increase the maximum productivity of electrolyzers. This study investigates how nano‐ and microstructured porous electrodes can improve the productivity of H 2 generation in a zero‐gap, flow‐through alkaline water electrolyzer. Three nickel electrodes—foam, microfiber felt, and nanowire felt—are studied to examine the tradeoff between surface area and pore structure on the performance of alkaline electrolyzers. Although the nanowire felt with the highest surface area initially provides the highest performance, this performance quickly decreases as gas bubbles are trapped within the electrode. The open structure of the foam facilitates bubble removal, but its small surface area limits its maximum performance. The microfiber felt exhibits the best performance because it balances high surface area with the ability to remove bubbles. The microfiber felt maintains a maximum current density of 25 000 mA cm −2 over 100 h without degradation, which corresponds to a hydrogen production rate 12.5‐ and 50‐times greater than conventional proton‐exchange membrane and alkaline electrolyzers, respectively.
Simple synthesis of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxydibenz[a,j]anthracenes and 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxydibenz[a,h]anthracenes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple synthesis of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxydibenz[a,j]anthracenes and 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxydibenz[a,h]anthracenesGary M. Muschik, T. P. Kelly, and W. B. ManningCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 24, 4709–4712Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00145a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00145a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A functional SNP in EDG2 increases susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in Japanese (2008)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is characterized by the gradual loss of articular cartilage. Several OA-susceptibility genes have been identified; however, there are few pharmaceutical targets that can be targeted with small-molecule compounds. To investigate whether a susceptibility gene for OA exists among G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), we performed a stepwise association study for 167 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 44 GPCR genes that were present in cartilage. Through the stepwise association study, an SNP located in the promoter region of EDG2 [endothelial differentiation, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) GPCR, 2] (-2,820G/A; rs10980705) showed significant association with knee OA in two independent populations (pooled P = 2.6 x 10(-5)). Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that this SNP exerts an allelic difference on transcriptional activity and DNA binding in synovial cells, with the susceptibility allele showing increased activity and binding. EDG2 encodes an LPA receptor dominantly expressed in the synovium. The LPA receptor increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases in synovial cells. Our findings suggest that the LPA-EDG2 signal is involved in the pathogenesis of OA via catabolic process.