gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A List of Germplasm Releases from the University of Wisconsin Onion Breeding Program, 1957–1993 (1996)

The table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding program at the Univ. of Wisconsin‐Madison, initiated by W.H. Gabelman in 1949, was geared toward assessing the feasibility of F 1 hybrids. This attempt required an understanding of pollen sterility, inbreeding potential, and seed production characteristics. The primary breeding objectives of the beet program focused on sterile and maintainer lines for the production of hybrids, disease resistance, round to globe-shaped roots, improved color and sweetness, multigerm and monogerm seed, and enhancement of combining ability. Hybrids and inbred lines were released by Gabelman in cooperation with the Wisconsin State Agricultural Experiment Station during 1964‐92. Gabelman took advantage of useful genes found in sugar beet (also Beta vulgaris L.) in improving table beet germplasm. The sf allele, which conditions self-fertility, was introduced from a sugar beet breeding line obtained from V.F. and H. Savitsky, emigres from Russia working with F.V. Owen, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. The sf allele allowed for inbreeding individual plants, a technique that was not previously possible in beet because of its self-incompatibility. Inbreeding enabled the development of more homogenous populations and ultimately resulted in uniform inbred lines. Similarly, the x and z alleles, conditioning sterility at the nuclear restorer locus (in homozygous recessive condition), were introduced from sugar beet breeding lines obtained from F.V. Owen. These alleles, in combination with the sterile cytoplasm obtained from Owen, allowed for the development of pollen-sterile breeding lines and their maintainer lines. The B allele conditioning annual flowering habit also was obtained from sugar beet breeding material from V.F. Savitsky. The B allele allowed for efficient development of sterile inbred lines since spring-sown plants carrying Bb flower in Madison, Wis., by midAugust. A cross of the constitution SxxsfsfBb x N__sf_bb will give rise to 50% annual ( Bb) progeny, which, because they are flowering, can be classified for sterility in the field. These annual sterile plants can then be decapitated,
Macrophage functions in beige (Chédiak-Higashi syndrome) mice. (1980)

Beige (C57BL/6J-bgj/bgj) mice are the murine counterpart of the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, exhibiting abnormal lysosomes in phagocytes. These mice, however, responded normally to Corynebacterium parvum killed bacterial vaccine with splenomegaly and an increase in peritoneal macrophages. The C. parvum-elicited macrophages showed normal immunoglobulin G Fc- and C3b-mediated rosettes and phagocytosis. The antitumor action of the macrophages was assessed against the Lewis lung carcinoma, a tumor that is sensitive to inhibition by activated macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. The elicited macrophages from beige mice showed delays in vitro in cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against the tumor cells, as compared with C57BL/6J-+/+ control mice. The early delays in activity disappeared after 12 to 24 hr, when antitumor activity was similar to that exhibited by C. parvum-elicited macrophages of the C57BL/6J-+/+ mice. These delays in antitumor activity of beige mouse macrophages may be analogous to the delays observed in the bactericidal activity of beige mouse granulocytes. The ultimate antitumor activity, however, was comparable in beige and +/+ C. parvum-elicited macrophage. Moreover, the resistance of mice in vivo to the Lewis lung tumor was not markedly impaired. The growth of the primary tumors and the mean times to death of the tumor-bearing animals of both strains were similar.
A Novel Approach to Generate Effective Carrier-Based Pulsewidth Modulation Strategies for Diode-Clamped Multilevel DC–AC Converters (2016)

Several pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies have been proposed for three-phase multilevel converters. Typically, these PWM methods can be either space-vector or carrier-based implemented, where the carrier-based implementation usually presents a lower computation complexity. In this paper, a novel approach for the carrier-based implementation of different existing PWM methods is proposed for three- (3L) and four-level (4L) dc-ac converters, which can be easily extended to any number of levels. The main features of the proposed approach are its reduced computation complexity and computation time. On the other hand, the proposed approach suggests the derivation of novel PWM strategies which can potentially present improved performance features. As an example, two new discontinuous PWM (DPWM) strategies are proposed for the 4L converter. One of these DPWM strategies presents lower weighted total harmonic distortion than other previously proposed strategies. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach and novel DPWM strategies.
A Comparison of Finite Element Analysis (With Additional Aspects) For Predicting the Noise and Vibration for Railway Project in Malaysia (2019)

This paper is about predicting the noise and vibrations for railways project in Malaysia by using Finite Element Analysis method. In recent years, Malaysia is massively developing railways industry. This has created a great awareness in the public, regarding noise and vibration from railways trains during operations are generated from the rolling interaction of the wheels with the rails. Additional noise may be generated from brake squeals during braking at the stations and curved segments of the rail alignments. Over the years, it is relatively easy to measure the acoustic sound power of a train and to calculate noise levels. However, it would be advantageous to be able to reliably and efficiently predict the noise and vibration impact resulting from proposed railways projects. Comprehensive noise and vibration shall be predicted to determine noise and vibration levels along the entire track alignment to ensure that noise and vibration levels shall comply with Malaysia Department of Environment (DOE) approved limits. The result of analyses can be used to identify and to design noise and vibration mitigation measures for the entire railway project. Several methods have evolved to predict noise and vibration from various operational sources, but their suitability for prediction of noise and vibration from railways trains is not well known and has not yet been thoroughly tested. This study document finite element analysis undertaken for the noise and vibration aspects of the viaduct design of the railways track. Data and inputs for finite element model and analysis are including the aspect of “Geometry, atmospheric, ground effect, analysis type and boundary conditions”, as mentioned by Makarewicz (1998) and Lamancusa (2009). A comparison of finite element model and analysis will be conducted by adding the additional aspects of “Material properties and applied loads”, which to be determined as better accuracy of predicting noise and vibration from railways train.
Role of N γ-Acetyldiaminobutyrate as an Enzyme Stabilizer and an Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Hydroxyectoine (1999)

Strain CHR63 is a salt-sensitive mutant of the moderately halophilic wild-type strain Halomonas elongata DSM 3043 that is affected in the ectoine synthase gene (ectC). This strain accumulates large amounts of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate (NADA), the precursor of ectoine (D. Cánovas, C. Vargas, F. Iglesias-Guerra, L. N. Csonka, D. Rhodes, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto, J. Biol. Chem. 272:25794-25801, 1997). Hydroxyectoine, ectoine, and glucosylglycerate were also identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as cytoplasmic organic solutes in this mutant. Accumulation of NADA, hydroxyectoine, and ectoine was osmoregulated, whereas the levels of glucosylglycerate decreased at higher salinities. The effect of the growth stage on the accumulation of solutes was also investigated. NADA was purified from strain CHR63 and was shown to protect the thermolabile enzyme rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase against thermal inactivation. The stabilizing effect of NADA was greater than the stabilizing effect of ectoine or potassium diaminobutyrate. A (1)H NMR analysis of the solutes accumulated by the wild-type strain and mutants CHR62 (ectA::Tn1732) and CHR63 (ectC::Tn1732) indicated that H. elongata can synthesize hydroxyectoine by two different pathways-directly from ectoine or via an alternative pathway that converts NADA into hydroxyectoine without the involvement of ectoine.
Uptake of tetracycline in aortic aneurysms: influence on inflammation and proteolysis (1999)

BACKGROUND: Derivatives of tetracycline (TC), through their inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), have been suggested as potential medical therapy to limit growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but penetration of the aortic wall in vivo has not been demonstrated. The uptake and concentration of TC in aneurysm wall, and its effect on MMP and cytokine production, were investigated. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective AAA repair (n = 5) were given a single bolus of intravenous TC 500 mg on induction of anaesthesia. The TC concentrations achieved in serum, aneurysm wall and mural thrombus were determined using a microbiological assay. In separate patients, not given TC, AAA biopsy explants were established and the effect of TC (0, 10 and 100 &mgr;g ml-1) on hydroxyproline, MMP-9 and cytokine (MCP-1 and interleukin (IL) 6) secretion were investigated using colorimetric assays and immunoassays. RESULTS: At the time of aortic cross-clamping median TC concentration was 9 (range 5-12) &mgr;g ml-1 in serum, 2.7 (1.3-9. 6) &mgr;g g-1 in AAA wall and nil in mural thrombus (see Table ). CONCLUSION: TC rapidly penetrates AAA wall in vivo and inhibits MMP-9 and MCP-1 release by AAA explants. This suggests that TCs have the potential to limit aneurysm growth.
Identity-based security systems for vehicular ad-hoc networks (2013)

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) based on vehicular car to car ad-hoc networks have been extensively investigated by the research community and industry to improve efficiency and safety in road traffic. The management and control of the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is still one of the most challenging research fields in the networking domain. In particular, security and privacy protection are very important requirements for the design of VANETs. The potential high dynamicity of VANETs and the need for flexibility and scalability in ITS applications supports the research for new security frameworks and the application of novel cryptographic schemes that ensure authentication, integrity and confidentiality given the constrained computational environment in which such applications usually operate. This paper investigates the application of identity based (id-based, for short) cryptographic (IBC) scheme (in particular, signature schemes) to provide better security and privacy for VANET. Along with a presentation of the state-of-the-art in this area, this paper presents a security framework for car-to-car VANETs based on a protocol for the distributed generation of signing keys that overcome key escrow issues.
Determination of Relative Affinity and Heterogeneity of Mouse Anti-DNP Antibodies by a Plaque-Inhibition Technique (1972)

Abstract A plaque-inhibition technique was used to study the response of mice to the dinitrophenyl (DNP) determinant at the cellular level. Sheep erythrocytes were sensitized for use in the plaque assay by exposing them to dinitrophenylated antisheep hemolysin of low hemolytic efficiency. DNP-lysine was added to the agar to inhibit specifically indirect plaques formed by mouse spleen cells producing anti-DNP antibodies. The average relative affinity of these antibodies was defined as the reciprocal of the molar concentration of DNP-lysine producing 50% plaque inhibition. The average relative affinity increased by a factor of 130 between 1 and 8 weeks after initial immunization. A highly significant correlation, apparently linear, was found between the average relative affinity and the average association constant of the serum antibody as measured by a modified Farr technique. The slopes of the plaque-inhibition curves in the vicinity of 50% plaque inhibition were assumed to be inversely proportional to the degree of heterogeneity of the antibodies with respect to affinity. There was a highly significant positive correlation between affinity and heterogeneity.
Aorta contains extractable immunosuppressant activity. (1980)

A low MW fraction (approximately 3500 to 10,000 daltons) extracted from bovine aorta exerted significant dose-dependent inhibition of both human and murine lymphocyte responses to the mitogen Con A. These results do not appear to be due to nonspecific cytotoxicity, since the established cell lines BHK-21 and L-929 cells are unaffected. The inhibition of mitogenic responsivity is dependent on the time at which the aortic extract fractions are added to the lymphoid cultures. This effect of aortic extracts does not result principally from protease inhibitors known to be present in these fractions, since removal of these molecules does not abrogate the inhibiting effects on mitogenic reactivity. Intraperitoneal administration to mice of the aortic low MW fraction substantially reduces primary and secondary humoral immune response to SRBC.
ChemInform Abstract: 5H‐THIAZOLO(3,2‐B)‐ UND 2H‐THIAZOLO(2,3‐C)‐ASYMM.‐TRIAZINE (1971)

Abstract Bei der Kondensation von Tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐asymm.‐triazin‐3(2H)‐thion (I) mit Äthylenbromid entsteht das Thiazolo‐triazine?ll) neben dem Dimeren (IV) über die Zwischenstufe (II); in Gegenwart von Soda erhält man nur (III).
EGFL7 regulates the collective migration of endothelial cells by restricting their spatial distribution (2007)

During sprouting angiogenesis, groups of endothelial cells (ECs) migrate together in units called sprouts. In this study, we demonstrate that the vascular-specific secreted factor EGFL7 regulates the proper spatial organization of ECs within each sprout and influences their collective movement. In the homozygous Egfl7-knockout mice, vascular development is delayed in many organs despite normal EC proliferation, and 50% of the knockout embryos die in utero. ECs in the mutant vasculatures form abnormal aggregates and the vascular basement membrane marker collagen IV is mislocalized, suggesting that ECs fail to recognize the proper spatial position of their neighbors. Although the migratory ability of individual ECs in isolation is not affected by the loss of EGFL7, the aberrant spatial organization of ECs in the mutant tissues decreases their collective movement. Using in vitro and in vivo analyses, we showed that EGFL7 is a component of the interstitial extracellular matrix deposited on the basal sides of sprouts, a location suitable for conveying positional information to neighboring ECs. Taken together, we propose that EGFL7 defines the optimal path of EC movement by assuring the correct positioning of each EC in a nascent sprout.
MRI Safe Electrodes for Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) (2017)

Adding decoy filars and non-therapeutic decoy electrodes to therapeutic filars can divert and dissipate a significant fraction of captured RF energy in a distributed way along the lead. Simulated worst case local SAR values have been reduced by a factor of ten for lead lengths ranging from 200 mm to 1200 mm.
Kinetic Mechanism of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (2018)

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to nicotinamide, pyridine, and other structural analogues. Aberrantly increased NNMT activity results in the depletion of SAM, nicotinamide (NAM), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>); NAM is required for NAD<sup>+</sup> biosynthesis. SAM depletion impairs the methylation potential of the cell, resulting in hypomethylated histones and an altered epigenetic profile. In addition, decreased NAD<sup>+</sup> levels negatively affect energy metabolism by disrupting oxidative phosphorylation. Because of its impact on epigenetic states and NAD<sup>+</sup> levels, NNMT is implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases, making it an appealing target for therapeutic intervention. To gain insights that would guide the design of inhibitors and activity-based probes, we performed detailed kinetic studies of human NNMT. Herein, we report the kinetic mechanism of NNMT. Our initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead-end analogue inhibition studies collectively indicate that NNMT uses a rapid equilibrium ordered mechanism, where NNMT first binds SAM, which is followed by NAM. Methyl transfer occurs, and methylated NAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine are released consecutively.
Sequence Folding, Lattice Tiling, and Multidimensional Coding (2011)

Folding a sequence <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> into a multidimensional box is a well-known method which is used as a multidimensional coding technique. The operation of folding is generalized in a way that the sequence <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> can be folded into various shapes and not just a box. The novel definition of folding is based on a lattice tiling for the given shape <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> and a direction in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> -dimensional integer grid. Necessary and sufficient conditions that a lattice tiling for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> combined with a direction define a folding of a sequence into <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> are derived. The immediate and most impressive applications are some new lower bounds on the number of dots in two-dimensional synchronization patterns. Asymptotically optimal such patterns were known only for rectangular shapes. We show asymptotically optimal such patterns for a large family of hexagons. This is also generalized for multidimensional synchronization patterns. The best known patterns, in terms of dots, for circles and other polygons are also given. The technique and its application for two-dimensional synchronization patterns, raises some interesting problems in discrete geometry. We will also discuss these problems. It is also shown how folding can be used to construct multidimensional error-correcting codes. Finally, by using the new definition of folding, new types of multidimensional pseudo-random arrays with various shapes are generated.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Canine H3N8 Influenza Virus Exposure in Household Dogs in Colorado (2010)

CIV seropositivity in household dogs in Colorado is low, although it has increased since 2004. Antibody titers to the 3 CIV isolates were comparable, suggesting that measurable antigenic drift has not yet occurred. Finally, dogs boarded in kennels or attending daycare might be at an increased risk of CIV infection.
A combined scattering and diffraction model for elliptical hair rendering (2021)

Abstract Realistic hair rendering relies on fiber scattering models. These models are based on either ray tracing or on full wave‐propagation through the hair fiber. Ray tracing can model most of the scattering phenomenon observed but misses the important effect of diffraction. Indeed human natural hair specific dimensions and geometry demands for the wave nature of light to be taken into consideration for accurate rendering. However, current full‐wave model requires nonpratical, several days precomputation, that needs to be repeated for every change in the hair geometry or color, for appropriate results. We present in this paper a dual hair scattering model which considers the dual aspect of light: as a wave and as a ray. Our model accurately simulates both diffraction and scattering phenomena without requiring any precomputation. Furthermore, it can simulate light transport in hairs of arbitrary elliptical cross‐sections. This new dual approach enables our model to significantly improve the appearance of rendered hair and qualitatively match scattering and diffraction effects seen in photos of real hair while adding little computation overhead.
Trajectory Optimization for a Free-Flying 500-kW Photovoltaic Array Vehicle using EP (2002)

This paper investigates vehicle sizing and performance requirements for a free-flying 500-kW solar array in orbital formation with a power-consuming host vehicle. To meet these requirements, the sail vehicle required independent propulsion for two functions: formation-keeping with the host and attitude control for sun-pointing maneuvers. The equations of motion were developed assuming a rigid vehicle subject to gravity, aerodynamic drag, and solar pressure. A numerical optimization tool was developed to select the optimum orbital trajectory for seven canonical electric propulsion technologies: Teflon pulsed plasma thruster, hydrazine resistojet, hydrazine arcjet, ammonia arcjet, xenon Hall thruster, and xenon ion thruster. Subject to orbital and formation-flying constraints, the thrust amplitudes, firing sequences where developed to minimize the total vehicle mass was minimized. The best performance (lowest vehicle total mass) was found using a xenon ion propulsion system resulting in a 1,693 kg vehicle. The worst performance, (highest vehicle mass) was found using the N2H4 Resistojet resulting in a 2,191 kg vehicle. In addition to providing electric propulsion mission feasibility information, it was found that the optimal orbits, invariant of the thruster technology, sacrificed sun-pointing time for external force reduction.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Stereodefined Cyclopropyl Bis(boronates) from Alkenes with CO as the C1 Source (2020)

A novel copper-catalyzed stereodefined procedure for the selective synthesis of cyclopropyl bis(boronates) from terminal alkenes has been developed. Various aliphatic alkenes were transformed into the desired bis(boronate ester)-substituted cyclopropanes in moderate to good yields. Synthetic transformations of the resulting cyclopropyl bis(boronates) demonstrate their utility. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Dominant Leber congenital amaurosis, cone-rod degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutant versions of the transcription factor CRX (2001)

We summarize 18 mutations in the human CRX gene that have been associated with Leber congenital amaurosis (congenital retinal blindness), cone-rod degeneration, or retinitis pigmentosa. Except for one obviously null allele not definitely associated with a phenotype (a frameshift in codon 9), all CRX mutations appear to be completely penetrant and cause disease in heterozygotes. These dominant alleles fall into two categories. In one group are missense mutations and short, in-frame deletions; in the second group are frameshift mutations, all of which are in the last exon. All of these dominant mutations are likely to produce stable mRNA that is translated. Mutations in the missense group preferentially affect the conserved homeobox (codons 39-98), and all frameshift mutations leave the homeodomain intact but alter the OTX motif encoded by codons 284-295 at the carboxy terminus. We could not uncover any correlation between type of disease (congenital amaurosis vs. cone-rod degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa) and the type of mutation (missense vs. frameshift). Four of the 18 mutations (approximately 20%) were de novo mutations, and all of these were found in isolate cases of Leber congenital amaurosis. Dominant CRX mutations have not been associated with mental retardation or developmental delay that has sometimes been found in Leber congenital amaurosis caused by other genes. Implications regarding potential future therapies are discussed.