gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weak Localization and Dimensional Crossover in Carbon Nanotube Systems (2010)

We investigate the effects of magnetic and electric fields on electron wavefunction interactions in single walled carbon nanotube bundles. The magnetoresistance measurements performed at 4.2K and the dependence of the data upon the electric field, obtained by varying the bias current through the samples, reveal good agreement with weak localization theory. Recording current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures we find an ohmic non-ohmic transition which disappears above 85K. Conductance vs temperature measurements are also well explained in the framework of weak localization theory by the predicted temperature dependence of the electric field-conditioned characteristic length. This length results equal to the average bundles diameter just at T{\backcong}85K, indicating that the observed conductance transition is due to a 2D-3D crossover.
Analytical Model for Corrosion-Induced Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Structures (2006)

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Heritability of Clinical Mastitis Incidence and Relationships with Sire Transmitting Abilities for Somatic Cell Score, Udder Type Traits, Productive Life, and Protein Yield (2000)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter clinical mastitis during first and second lactations and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Data on clinical mastitis during first lactation were available for 1795 daughters (in six Pennsylvania herds, one Minnesota herd, and one Nebraska herd) of 283 Holstein sires. Data on clinical mastitis during second lactation were available for 1055 of these daughters. A total of 479 cows had 864 clinical episodes during first lactation, and 230 cows had 384 clinical episodes during second lactation. Clinical mastitis incidence and the total number of clinical episodes during each lactation were regressed on herd-season of calving (a classification variable), age at first calving, lactation length, and sire transmitting abilities taken one at a time. Linear effects, nonlinear effects, and odds ratios were estimated for sire transmitting abilities. Separate analyses were conducted on dependent variables that considered clinical mastitis from: all organisms, coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliform species, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, and the most common environmental organisms (coliform species and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae). Heritability of clinical mastitis ranged from 0.01 to 0.42. Daughters of sires that transmit the lowest somatic cell score had the lowest incidence of clinical mastitis and the fewest clinical episodes during first and second lactations. Daughters of sires that transmit longer productive life, shallower udders, deeper udder cleft, and strongly attached fore udders had either fewer clinical episodes or lower clinical mastitis incidence during first and second lactations. The incidence of clinical mastitis and the number of clinical episodes per lactation may be reduced by selection for lower somatic cell score, longer productive life, shallower udders, deeper udder cleft, or strongly attached fore udders.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Advanced Age Increases Immunosuppression in the Brain and Decreases Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Subjects with Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5. Confirmation of gut microbiota depletion.&lt;/p&gt;
Active‐Site‐Directed Inhibitors of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Abolish Its Conformational Dynamics (2016)

Deciphering conformational dynamics is crucial for understanding the biological functions of proteins and for designing compounds targeting them. In particular, providing an accurate description of microsecond-millisecond motions opens the opportunity for regulating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by modulating the dynamics of one interacting partner. Here we analyzed the conformational dynamics of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and the effects of active-site-directed inhibitors on the dynamics. We used an integrated structural biology approach based on NMR spectroscopy and SAXS experiments complemented by MD simulations. We found that POP is in a slow equilibrium in solution between open and closed conformations, and that inhibitors effectively abolished this equilibrium by stabilizing the enzyme in the closed conformation.
Indices of non-specific and specific humoral immunity in pigs immunomodulated with the Bioimmuno preparation and/or immunised with the Respisure One vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. (2010)

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the Bioimmuno preparation administered in feed and/or immunisation with the Respisure One vaccine on the development of selected indices of non-specific and specific humoral immune response against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) infections in pigs. The study was performed on 28 piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four equal groups. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: group I--Bioimmuno (IFI Olsztyn, Poland) with feedstuff at amount of 1 kg/50 kg of feed for 48 h before vaccination with Respisure One (Pfizer) on day 28 of life; group II--Bioimmuno only (1 kg/50 kg feedstuff) for 48 h before vaccination with Respisure One of groups I and III; group III--Respisure One only on day 28 of life (2 ml/animal i.m.) and group C (control)--PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.) simultaneously with vaccination of groups I and III. On days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation, the serum level of gamma-globulins, the activity of lysozyme (LSM) as well as the serum levels of cytokines: interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined, as indices of non-specific immune response against Mhp infections in pigs. The study has revealed that in piglets after weaning the application of the Bioimmuno and/or Respisure One biopreparations improves the non-specific immunity parameters stimulating an increase in serum levels of gamma-globulins, lysozyme and cytokines (IFNgamma, IL-1beta, IL-6), while late appearing seroconversion confirms a minor role of specific humoral immunity in the protection against Mhp infection.
The third role (1971)

The 21st birthday issue of Physics Bulletin practically coincides with the award of the Royal Charter. Both are milestones at which one can tarry awhile and soliloquize on the functions of the Institute and Society and of the house journal.
Nutritional and metabolic adaptations to prolonged sleep deprivation in the rat (1993)

To understand how and why sleep deprivation is physically harmful, we explored the possible causal relationship between its two main effects, 1) negative energy balance and 2) a composite of symptoms that resemble protein malnutrition, both of which occur despite increased food consumption. We provided balanced diets augmented with either protein or calories (by increased fat content) to freely moving rats. Interactions between sleep deprivation symptoms and energy and protein supplies were assessed from measurements of body weight regulation, consumption of macronutrients, clinical chemistry and hematology profiles, and physical appearance. The results indicate that sleep deprivation causes malnutrition, which is secondary to increased energy expenditure. Even though food consumption remained normal in sleep-deprived rats fed a diet of high protein-to-calorie ratio, body weight loss was more than 16% of baseline, development of skin lesions was hastened, and longevity was shortened by 40% compared with sleep-deprived rats fed the calorie-augmented diet. Food consumption of the calorie-fed rats was lower during baseline than that of the protein-fed group but during sleep deprivation increased to amounts 250% of normal without net body weight gain. Despite a fat-laden diet the calorie-fed hyperphagic group did not have abnormal levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose, indicating accelerated turnover of nutrients. As would be consistent with calorie malnutrition, pronounced clinical chemistry or hematological abnormalities were not found in any group. Beneficial effects of the calorie-augmented diet are attributed to 1) caloric density of fat, 2) induction of hyperphagia, and 3) efficiency of utilization of fat. We conclude that diet composition interacts strongly with sleep deprivation, affecting the time course and development of pathologies, whereas it exerted negligible influence on body weight regulation under normal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXE VON OSMIUM MIT METALL‐STICKSTOFF‐MEHRFACHBINDUNGEN (1973)

Abstract Die neuen Arylimido‐Os(V)‐Komplexe wurden durch Umsetzung von Trichloro‐oxo‐bis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐osmium mit entsprechenden N‐Benzoyltriphenylphosphinimiden dargestellt.
Superoxide Radical and Superoxide Dismutases (1995)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Hierarchical Temporal Memory Cortical Learning Algorithm for Pattern Recognition on Multi-core Architectures (2000)

Strongly inspired by an understanding of mammalian cortical structure and function, the Hierarchical Temporal Memory Cortical Learning Algorithm (HTM CLA) is a promising new approach to problems of recognition and inference in space and time. Only a subset of the theoretical framework of this algorithm has been studied, but it is already clear that there is a need for more information about the performance of HTM CLA with real data and the associated computational costs. For the work presented here, a complete implementation of Numenta's current algorithm was done in C++. In validating the implementation, first and higher order sequence learning was briefly examined, as was algorithm behavior with noisy data doing simple pattern recognition. A pattern recognition task was created using sequences of handwritten digits and performance analysis of the sequential implementation was performed. The analysis indicates that the resulting rapid increase in computing load may impact algorithm scalability, which may, in turn, be an obstacle to widespread adoption of the algorithm. Two critical hotspots in the sequential code were identified and a parallelized version was developed using OpenMP multi-threading. Scalability analysis of the parallel implementation was performed on a state of the art multi-core computing platform. Modest speedup was readily achieved with straightforward parallelization. Parallelization on multi-core systems is an attractive choice for moderate sized applications, but significantly larger ones are likely to remain infeasible without more specialized hardware acceleration accompanied by optimizations to the algorithm.
Effects of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates on the gut microflora of mice (2008)

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the effects of depolymerised mannans and specifically konjac glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) on the colonic microflora of mice. Blood glucose and cholesterol were also measured. Design/methodology/approach Two groups ( n = 20) of 12‐week old Wister mice were used for a period of 14 weeks. One group (treatment group) were fed diets containing 5 per cent konjac GMH dissolved in drinking water in addition to the control (group) standard diet. Faecal microflora, feed consumption, body weight, blood glucose and cholesterol were determined. Findings The GMH promoted the growth of anaerobes and lactobacilli in the treatment group where this was statistically, highly significant ( P &lt; 0.001). Also, the hydrolysate was able to reduce highly significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) faecal Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts. A significant increase in average daily feed consumption ( P &lt; 0.05) and weekly body weight ( P &lt; 0.001) was found for the treatment group. The mean ± SD (mmol/l) of blood glucose and cholesterol was lower in the treatment group. Originality/value In addition to modulating the gut microflora, GMH seems to lower the blood glucose and cholesterol in mice. Although this needs to be verified by further studies, GMH could also be a candidate for possible treatment of subjects with high cholesterol and for diabetics.
Role of the CXCR4-LASP1 Axis in the Stabilization of Snail1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2020)

The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a vital role in many steps of breast cancer metastasis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 promotes the nuclear localization of LASP1 (LIM and SH3 protein 1). The nuclear LASP1 then interacts with Snail1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In this study, we report that the nuclear accumulation and retention of Snail1 was dependent on an increase in nuclear LASP1 levels driven by active CXCR4. The CXCR4-LASP1 axis may directly regulate the stabilization of nuclear Snail1, by upregulating nuclear levels of pS473-Akt, pS9-GSK-3β, A20, and LSD1. Furthermore, the activation of CXCR4 induced association of LASP1 with Snail1, A20, GSK-3β, and LSD1 endogenously. Thus, nuclear LASP1 may also regulate protein-protein interactions that facilitate the stability of Snail1. Genetic ablation of LASP1 resulted in the mislocalization of nuclear Snail1, loss of the ability of TNBC cells to invade Matrigel and a dysregulated expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, including an increased expression of ALDH1A1, a marker for epithelial breast cancer stem-like cells. Our findings reveal a novel role for the CXCR4-LASP1 axis in facilitating the stability of nuclear localized Snail1.
Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces with giant nonlinear response (2015)

We show that a generalization of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase approach can be applied to realize metasurfaces with giant nonlinear response, enabling a unique control of the generated nonlinear wavefront. We apply this approach to design and realize a nonlinear metasurface for efficient second-harmonic generation, which may independently tailor the radiated beam into right-handed and left-handed polarized components propagating with arbitrarily patterned wavefronts.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR UND SYNTH. VON DAMASCENON (2,6,6‐TRIMETHYL‐1‐TRANS‐CROTONOYL‐CYCLOHEXADIEN‐(1,3)), DEM RIECHSTOFF DER BULGARISCHEN ROSE (ROSA DAMASCENA MILL.) (1970)

Abstract Die Reaktion des β‐Cyclocitrals (I) mit dem Bromid (IIa) oder mit dem Li‐ Derivat (Hb) liefert das Isojonol (III) (cis,trans Gemisch) (65% Ausbeute), das mit MnOz zu dem β‐Damascon (IV) (cis,trans Gemisch) (75‐80%) oxidiert wird.
Quantum metrology for nonlinear phase shifts with entangled coherent states (2012)

We investigate the phase enhancement of quantum states subject to nonlinear phase shifts. The optimal phase estimation of even entangled coherent states (ECSs) is shown to be better than that of NOON states with the same average particle number $\ensuremath{\langle}n\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and nonlinearity exponent $k$. We investigate the creation of an approximate entangled coherent state (AECS) from a photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum with current optical technology methods and show that a pure AECS is even better than an even ECS for large $\ensuremath{\langle}n\ensuremath{\rangle}$. Finally, we examine the simple, but physically relevant, cases of loss in the nonlinear interferometer for a fixed average photon number $\ensuremath{\langle}n\ensuremath{\rangle}$.
Adaptive Linearizing Control with Neural-Network-Based Hybrid Models (2001)

A nonlinear control strategy involving a geometric feedback controller utilizing linearized models and neural networks, approximating the higher order terms, is presented. Online adaptation of the network is performed using steepest descent with a dead zone function. Closed-loop Lyapunov stability analysis for this system has been proven, where it was shown that the output tracking error was confined to a region of a ball, the size of which depends on the accuracy of the neural network models. The proposed strategy is applied to two case studies for set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. The results show good tracking comparable to that when the actual model of the plant is utilized and better than that obtained when the linearized models or neural networks are used alone. A comparison was also made with the conventional proportional−integral−derivative approach.
Unusual Case of Apparent Hypermutation in Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

The dms4 (defective in meristem silencing 4) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is unique in having defects in both RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and plant development. DMS4 is an evolutionarily conserved, putative transcription factor of the Iwr1 (interacts with RNA polymerase II) type. DMS4 interacts with Pol II and also with RNA polymerases IV and V, which function in RdDM. Interactions with multiple polymerases may account for the diverse phenotypic effects of dms4 mutations. To dissect further the roles of DMS4 in RdDM and development, we performed a genetic suppressor screen using the dms4-1 allele, which contains in the sixth intron a splice site acceptor mutation that alters splicing and destroys the open reading frame. Following mutagenesis of dms4-1 seeds using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), we retrieved four dominant intragenic suppressor mutations that restored DMS4 function and wild-type phenotypes. Three of the four intragenic suppressor mutations created new splice site acceptors, which resulted in reestablishment of the wild-type open reading frame. Remarkably, the intragenic suppressor mutations were recovered at frequencies ranging from 35 to 150 times higher than expected for standard EMS mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. Whole-genome sequencing did not reveal an elevated mutation frequency genome-wide, indicating that the apparent hypermutation was confined to four specific sites in the dms4 gene. The localized high mutation frequency correlated with restoration of DMS4 function implies an efficient mechanism for targeted mutagenesis or selection of more fit revertant cells in the shoot apical meristem, thereby rapidly restoring a wild-type phenotype that is transmitted to future generations.
Bioabsorbable Polymer Science for the Practicing Surgeon (1997)

The structure and function relationships of polymers have long been the purview of engineers and polymer chemists. As bioabsorbable polymer implants continue to make inroads in the medical implant armamentarium, surgeons, long familiar with the properties and handling characteristics of metal implants, may find it advantageous to become aware of some of the unique characteristics of these types of materials so that an informed decision can be made regarding their usage. In this article, we present, in relatively nontechnical terms, the salient features of polymers in general and absorbable polymers in particular.
Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Congestion Control Protocols (2006)

When heterogeneous congestion control protocols that react to different pricing signals share the same network, the resulting equilibrium may no longer be interpreted as a solution to the standard utility maximization problem. We prove the existence of equilibrium in general multi-protocol networks under mild assumptions. For almost all networks, the equilibria are locally unique, and finite and odd in number. They cannot all be locally stable unless it is globally unique. Finally, we show that if the price mapping functions that map link prices to effective prices observed by the sources are similar, then global uniqueness is guaranteed.
The UGDP Study (1971)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— It would appear from the Cornfield-Schor exchange (217:1671-1687, 1971) that the major statistical controversy over the UGDP study is whether there is enough evidence of an imbalance between the placebo and tolbutamide patient groups at baseline to account for the imbalance in death patterns that appeared after five years. Schor has examined the published data and believes that the baseline characteristics were sufficiently different. Cornfield has examined both the published data and additional material in the study files and says they were not.I would like to point out that Cornfield has displayed highly significant evidence in favor of Schor's hypothesis.It is fairly easy to pursue imbalances in patient populations that have been randomly assigned to different treatments. One can always find some peculiar ancillary statistic (like the ages at death of the patients' grandmothers) for which the study was not balanced. However, there are
Development-associated microRNAs in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) (2013)

We identified 605 conserved and 268 novel miRNAs from wheat grains. Of these, 104 are potentially involved in the regulation of grain-filling. Our dataset provides a useful resource for investigating miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in cereal grains, and our results suggest that miRNAs contribute to this regulation during a crucial phase in determining grain yield and flour quality.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-induced arthritis in rats (1998)

In rheumatoid arthritis peripheral cartilaginous joints are inflamed and eroded. One driving factor may be an immune response towards proteins in the cartilage. Here it is shown that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), expressed specifically in cartilage, is arthritogenic in the rat. Both native and denatured rat COMP induced severe arthritis in selected rat strains. The arthritis occurred only in peripheral joints which were attacked by an erosive inflammatory process similar to that seen in the human disease. The disease was self-limited and no permanent destruction of joints was seen macroscopically. Disease development appeared to be dependent on an immune response to autologous (rat) COMP and not on cross-reactivity to other cartilage rat collagens (types II, IX and XI). The disease and the immune response to COMP were genetically controlled by the MHC; the RT1u and RT1l haplotypes were more susceptible than the a, c, d, f and n haplotypes. Both LEW and E3 gene backgrounds were highly permissive for disease induction. These findings suggest that the induction of arthritis with rat COMP represents a unique pathogenesis which is controlled by different genes compared with collagen-induced arthritis or adjuvant-induced arthritis.
Preparation ofN-(p-Tolyl)azacalix[n](2,6)pyridines Constructed of Various Numbers of the Recurring Unit (2005)

Synthetic routes for N-(p-tolyl)-substituted azacalix[n](2,6)pyridines via Cu- and Pd-catalyzed aryl amination reactions have been elaborated, and the macrocycles constructed of various numbers (n = 3-8, and 10) of a N-(p-tolyl)aminopyridine recurring unit have been isolated. A cyclic trimer 1 was obtained in good yield. Molecular structures of some macrocycles and a Cu(I) complex of 1 were determined by X-ray crystallography.