gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arousal-Related Reticular Neurons during Reduced Oxygen Tension: Resilience and Recovery of Electrical Activity (2009)

Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of the electrical activity of large medullary reticular formation neurons, in nucleus gigantocellularis, were performed under control conditions and under conditions of hypoxia or anoxia. Neurons were discovered whose activity was remarkably resilient during and after the reduction or loss of oxygen. Such cells may relate to the ability of the newborn brain to survive hypoxia/anoxia, and also may demonstrate the preservation of neurons involved in generalized CNS arousal, as would be appropriate for activating behavioral responses to the reduction or loss of oxygen.
DNA Sensors based on Conducting Polymers Functionalized with Conjugated Side Chain (2007)

In this work, label-free DNA sensors were prepared based on polypyrrole and polythiophene functionalized with conjugated side chain. Their sensing properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The relative performance of sensors based on functionalized polypyrrole and polythiophene was compared and discussed.
Review on Ethno-botany, Virucidal Activity, Phytochemistry and Toxicology of Solanum genus: Potential Bio-resources for the Therapeutic Management of Covid-19 (2020)

Background and Aim: Condiment plants are not only a source of food, flavors or food additives but also antivirals. The aim of the present work consisted in compiling ethno-botanical, phytochemical, toxicological and biological activities literature data reported on some species of the Solanum genus, precisely their antiviral potential.&#x0D; Methodology: The literature review was based mainly on the usual databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, SCIELO, DOAJ, Science alert and Google scholar.&#x0D; Results: The ethnobotanical studies show that Solanum species are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments, particularly those affecting the respiratory system. With regard to studies on their bioactivity, the literature indicates that the Solanum genus is full of species used in food and/or traditional medicine, in most cases presenting several biological properties such as antiviral potential. Among the viruses sensitive to extracts from Solanum species, are: Herpes virus type 1 or 2, viral hepatitis virus and HIV. Some phytochemical studies identified several compounds responsible for the antiviral activity, but polyphenolic compounds precisely glycoalkaloids have been shown to interact with SARS-CoV-2 protease such as quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin in some Solanum species (S. melongena, S. nigrum and S. torvum). Furthermore, the immunostimulant, haematopoietic or antioxidant potentials of some species of Solanum genus would be an asset for the management of Covid-19. There is little or no information in the literature on the toxicity of Solanum species used as food or drugs in traditional medicine.&#x0D; Conclusion: The antiviral activity of Solanum species is linked to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. It is advisable to consume these Solanum species which are less toxic during this pandemic as they are considered to be nutraceuticals. Molecular docking study of the interaction of these compounds with SARS-CoV-2 protease is in progress.
CCDC 983137: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2015)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Panicle-3D: Efficient Phenotyping Tool for Precise Semantic Segmentation of Rice Panicle Point Cloud (2021)

The automated measurement of crop phenotypic parameters is of great significance to the quantitative study of crop growth. The segmentation and classification of crop point cloud help to realize the automation of crop phenotypic parameter measurement. At present, crop spike-shaped point cloud segmentation has problems such as fewer samples, uneven distribution of point clouds, occlusion of stem and spike, disorderly arrangement of point clouds, and lack of targeted network models. The traditional clustering method can realize the segmentation of the plant organ point cloud with relatively independent spatial location, but the accuracy is not acceptable. This paper first builds a desktop-level point cloud scanning apparatus based on a structured-light projection module to facilitate the point cloud acquisition process. Then, the rice ear point cloud was collected, and the rice ear point cloud data set was made. In addition, data argumentation is used to improve sample utilization efficiency and training accuracy. Finally, a 3D point cloud convolutional neural network model called Panicle-3D was designed to achieve better segmentation accuracy. Specifically, the design of Panicle-3D is aimed at the multiscale characteristics of plant organs, combined with the structure of PointConv and long and short jumps, which accelerates the convergence speed of the network and reduces the loss of features in the process of point cloud downsampling. After comparison experiments, the segmentation accuracy of Panicle-3D reaches 93.4%, which is higher than PointNet. Panicle-3D is suitable for other similar crop point cloud segmentation tasks.
A simple risk score to identify Southern Chinese at high risk for diabetes (2010)

A simple risk score identifies young-to-middle-aged Southern Chinese at high risk for diabetes. Subjects with a score of 16 or above (out of 30) should undergo OGTT for definitive diagnosis of diabetes.
Sound source localization in 3-D space by a triple-microphone algorithm (2008)

In this paper we present a novel technique which localizes sound source with acceptable accuracy and low time complexity. In this technique, contrary to former localization techniques in 3-D space, only three microphones are sufficient. Instead of searching the entire space domain for the sound source, we first estimate an approximate point of the sound source according to the time delays and the ratio of energy received by each pair of microphones. Then, we enhance our estimation by applying an error criterion to points in vicinity of the estimated point. Simulation results show performance of our work, especially when considering the processing time of algorithms as a metric.
A spin‐probing study of non‐magnetic ionomers: Cu2+ ‐containing polyethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer neutralized with Zn2+ (1995)

Abstract A spin‐probing technique was first applied to a study of a non‐magnetic ionomer, polyethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer neutralized with Zn 2+ (E‐MAA‐Zn); 2 mol‐% Cu 2+ ions were incorporated in replacement of Zn 2+ , and its ESR spectra were observed in detail at various temperatures in order to obtain physico‐chemical properties of E‐MAA‐Zn, especially its structural changes. We found no significant influence of the 2 mol‐% Cu 2+ ‐incorporation upon the properties of the Zn 2+ ionomer by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed two endothermic peaks, (1) an irreversible one at lower temperature which is associated with the ionic aggregate phase in the ionomer, (2) a reversible one at higher temperature with considerable thermal hysteresis which is due to melting of the polymer main chains. ESR hyperfine coupling constants ( A ∥ and A ⊥ ) of Cu 2+ showed no sign of structural changes of the polymer around the phase‐transition temperatures, whereas ESR g ‐values ( g ∥ and g ⊥ ) of Cu 2+ proved the onset of the softening of the polymers to be attributable to polymer melting. The latter slope‐changes in the temperature dependences were reversible, although with considerable thermal hysteresis. These findings are compatible with the DSC data. As for the irreversibility regarding the endotherm at lower temperature, broad ESR hyperfine components recovered gradually, indicating an order‐disorder nature of the ionic aggregate phase transition.
In situ electrochemical microbalance studies of polymerization and redox processes in polymeric complexes of transition metals with Schiff bases (2010)

The mechanism and kinetics of polymerization of [M(Schiff)] complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Cu; Schiff is tetradentate N2O2 Schiff bases) and also the regularities of redox processes involving poly-[M(Schiff)] polymers are studied by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance method. The number of electrons involved in the reversible oxidation-reduction of each polymer fragment is calculated and the composition of species that take part in the charge transport at the polymer oxidation-reduction is elucidated.
Calculation of the periodic temperature field in a concrete dam (1997)

A transient thermal analysis of dams and their foundations has been formulated and solved using a finite element program. The two-dimensional model takes into account ambient temperature variations, solar radiation, snow cover, and the geothermal gradient. The dam has been divided in two parts, with different thermal diffusivities corresponding to the saturated and unsaturated regions. Particular attention was paid in formulating the boundary condition on the reservoir surface of the dam which was obtained from an energy balance taking into account the formation and melting of ice. The results of the simulation for a site in northern Quebec identify the zones where thermal strains can cause dangerous cracks.
Best management of pesticide and irrigation application systems: background and CANDI software (1993)

In this chapter, we discuss a commonly-used volume balance approach for simulating the movement of water through the root zone. We then show how this approach can be coupled with pesticide leaching prediction. Finally we show how information about irrigation system design can be used with the previous processes. The result is an integrated approach for estimating the environmental consequences of irrigation and pesticide management.
Preliminary Results with the AVR ImpaCt Frequency-Transposing Hearing Aid (2001)

Currently, the only behind-the-ear hearing aid that provides a frequency transposition function is the ImpaCt DSR675, recently introduced by AVR Communications Ltd. of Israel. In tests with three hearing-impaired adults, the performance of the ImpaCt aid(s) was compared with that of each subject's own (nontransposing) hearing aids. Recognition of monosyllabic words and medial consonants did not differ significantly between the two types of aids. This suggests that the transposition function of the ImpaCt was not effective at providing these subjects with increased high-frequency speech information, at least for the programmable parameters applied in the experiments. However, the subjects' understanding of sentences in a competing noise was significantly poorer with the ImpaCt than with the subjects' own aids. In that test, the ImpaCt aids were programmed to attenuate parts of the noise. The decreased sentence recognition may have resulted from this program, which effectively reduced the bandwidth of the ImpaCt aids.
Molecular dynamics computer simulation as a tool for the analysis of solvation: A study of dilute aqueous solutions of 1,4‐dioxane and 1,3‐dioxane (1985)

Abstract It is shown how the computer simulation technique of molecular dynamics (MD) can be used to obtain a detailed picture of the static and dynamic properties of a solution at the atomic level. The method is applied to the solvation of a single molecule of 1,4‐dioxane and 1,3‐dioxane dissolved in 122 water molecules. The structure of the solvation shell was found to be clathrate‐like although the dioxane oxygen atoms disturb this arrangement considerably. This is especially apparent for 1,3‐dioxane as a result of its large dipole moment and the favorable position of its oxygen atoms for double hydrogen bonding. Generally, comparison of simulated properties with available experimental data shows good agreement. Consideration of both static and dynamic properties leads to the conclusion that there is a balance between structure‐breaking and structure‐making properties for 1,4‐dioxane. By contrast, 1,3‐dioxane is definitely structure‐breaking. The hydration shell of 1,3‐dioxane is clearly more labile than that of 1,4‐dioxane.
A Collection Of Music Scores For Corpus Based Jingju Singing Research. (2017)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
STABILITY OF THE BREAKWATER WITH STEEL PIPE PILES UNDER TSUNAMI OVERFLOW (2015)

東北地方太平洋沖地震における教訓から，防波堤には，越流時も完全に倒壊せず，粘り強く防護機能が確保される構造が求められる．本論では，ケーソン・中詰・鋼杭による防波堤構造について，津波越流時の安定性を確認するため，水理模型実験で倒壊状況を検討した．その結果，越流で港内側に洗掘が生じる場合でも，鋼杭・中詰によりケーソン直下の基礎マウンドが健全に保たれケーソンは安定した．さらに大規模な洗掘が生じる場合では，洗掘拡大に伴い杭が次第に傾斜しケーソンも徐々に傾斜するが，ケーソンは完全には倒壊せずマウンド内に留まった．終局状態では，ケーソン天端が比較的高くケーソン前背面の水位差が大きく保たれ，防波堤の防護機能が粘り強く確保されることが期待できる．
Exploratory study and application of the angular wavelet analysis for assessing the spatial distribution of breakdown spots in Pt/HfO2/Pt structures (2017)

The angular wavelet analysis is applied for assessing the spatial distribution of breakdown spots in Pt/HfO2/Pt capacitors with areas ranging from 104 to 105 μm2. The breakdown spot lateral sizes are in the range from 1 to 3 μm, and they appear distributed on the top metal electrode as a point pattern. The spots are generated by ramped and constant voltage stresses and are the consequence of microexplosions caused by the formation of shorts spanning the dielectric film. This kind of pattern was analyzed in the past using the conventional spatial analysis tools such as intensity plots, distance histograms, pair correlation function, and nearest neighbours. Here, we show that the wavelet analysis offers an alternative and complementary method for testing whether or not the failure site distribution departs from a complete spatial randomness process in the angular domain. The effect of using different wavelet functions, such as the Haar, Sine, French top hat, Mexican hat, and Morlet, as well as the roles played by the process intensity, the location of the voltage probe, and the aspect ratio of the device, are all discussed.
Hyperoxia toxicity in septic shock patients according to the Sepsis-3 criteria: a post hoc analysis of the HYPER2S trial (2018)

Our results suggest that hyperoxia may be associated with a higher mortality rate in patients with septic shock using the Sepsis-3 criteria, but not in patients with hypotension alone.
웹기반 학습환경에서 학습자의 자기조절 학습기능 습득을 지원하는 교수설계 전략의 효과 (2004)

웹기반 학습이 효과적으로 이뤄지기 위해서 자기조절 학습기능의 역할이 중요하기 때문에 학습자가 이 기능을 습득하거나 활용하도록 하는 전략에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 이 연구의 목적은 웹기반 환경에서 자기조절 학습기능의 습득을 촉진하는 전략이 이들 기능의 습득이나 활용에 미치는 효과를 밝혀보려는 데 있었다. 대학생 34명이 연구에 참여하였으며, 자기조절 학습기능 진단검사를 통해서 인지 전략, 자기효능 전략, 그리고 수행통제 전략 기능들이 학습자들에게 습득 또는 활용을 촉진시킬 기능으로 선정되었다. 이것을 위해서 8주 동안 16시간에 걸쳐 학습할 수 있는 수업내용과 이들 전략을 통합한 웹기반 학습을 개발하였다. 학습자에게 매주 한 시간은 웹기반을 통한 내용 학습을, 또 한 시간은 4명이 한 팀으로 특정 주제에 대한 온라인 동시적 토의를 하도록 하였다. 학습과 토의가 수행된 후에 자기조절 학습기능 사후검사를 실시한 결과, 이들 기능 습득을 위한 설계 전략은 전체적으로 자기조절 학습기능의 습득에 영향을 주지 못한 것으로 나타났으나, 구체적으로 설계하여 학습을 지원한 수행통제 전략과 인지 전략의 습득과 활용에는 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 웹기반 또는 이러닝 환경에서 학습자에게 자기조절 학습기능을 습득하도록 하기 위해서는 그들에게 부족하거나 취약한 구체적인 기능을 집중적으로 학습하도록 설계하는 전략이 필요함을 시사한다.
Understanding smeared documents (1999)

The paper investigates strategies for handling smeared documents. Smeared documents are considered documents that acquired imprints from sources not included in the original preparation of the document or as a result of the limitations of the conversion process to digital format. For example, smudges, blemishes or dirt from manhandling, neglect or other sources such as base of coffee mugs. It is suggested that a template of the original document serves as the basis for recognition of the class of document such as a form or a multi-column page of text. Classification can take place according to the layout form and textual content. The modules that could form such a system could include, deskewing, text/graphics segmentation, OCR, page layout and document understanding. The paper highlights a few of the strategies that have been proposed to carry out these tasks. For example, hierarchical Hough transform is suggested for deskewing as it is robust against noise. An optimised segmentation scheme has been proposed to produce partitioned blocks and classified in a goal driven manner using a decision tree. The paper also highlights the limitations of the current system that converts scanned schematics to textual description files. Despite originally being designed for interpreting circuit diagrams, it is argued that it can be adapted to form reader, provided a document type classifier is implemented. (6 pages)
The Frequency of Low HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer and A Comparison of Prognosis Between Patients With HER2-Low and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer By HR Status (2021)

Abstract Purpose The DESTINY-Breast04 clinical trial is currently investigating whether trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is effective in HER2-low as well as HER2-positive breast cancer. This highlights the interest in treatment strategies for patients with HER2-low breast cancer. The current study was therefore designed to determine the frequency of HER2-low among all breast cancers, and to compare the prognosis of HER2-low patients with that of HER2-negative patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the biological data from 4,918 of 4,977 primary breast cancer patients who attended our institute. We quantified the overall frequency of breast cancer patients with a new HER2-low subtype that was defined by an immunohistochemistry score of IHC1+ or IHC2+/ISH-. We then compared the clinical characteristics and prognosis of HER2-low patients with that of patients who did not have HER2 amplification (HER2-0). Results Low HER2 expression was found in 3169 (64.4%) patients; 2860 (58.1%) were HR-positive and 309(6.3%) were HR-negative. Among HER2-0 patients, 681(13.9%) were HR-positive and 157(3.2%) were HR-negative. The HER2-0 group tended to have more poor prognostic factors than the HER2-low group, irrespective of HR status. There were no statistically significant differences between the prognosis of HER2-low and HER2-0 patients, regardless of HR status. However, patients in the HER2-low group tended to have better prognosis than those in the HER2-0 group. Conclusion HER2-low patients did not have a significantly different prognosis than HER2-0 patients, regardless of HR status. However, we should consider tailoring therapies for patients with HRE2-low early breast cancer according to their HR status.
Atypical CTSK transcripts and ARNT transcription read‐through into CTSK (2005)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and cathepsin K (CTSK) genes lie in a tandem head-to-tail arrangement on human chromosome 1. The two genes are in extremely close proximity; the usual CTSK transcription start site is less than 1.4 kb downstream of the end of the longest reported ARNT transcript. By generating an RT-PCR product that overlaps both the 3' end of ARNT and the 5' end of CTSK, we show that ARNT transcripts may extend through the ARNT-CTSK intergenic region and progress into the CTSK gene. Furthermore, by using quantitative RT-PCR from several tissues to detect the ARNT expression signature in CTSK introns, we show that ARNT transcripts can read through into CTSK as far as CTSK intron 3, extending approximately 3.7 kb downstream of the end of the longest previously described ARNT mRNA. Given that ARNT and CTSK are expressed in an overlapping range of tissues, ARNT read-through may have a negative impact on CTSK transcript levels by interfering with CTSK expression. We also present evidence for novel CTSK transcripts following sequence analysis of CTSK-derived ESTs and RT-PCR products. These transcripts show alternate 5' splicing and or 5' extension and are sometimes initiated from a cryptic alternative promoter which is upstream of the known CTSK promoter and possibly in the 3' UTR of ARNT.
Electromagnetic field effects and mechanisms (1996)

The author discusses the following topics: exposure vs. dose; known mechanisms; thermal effects vs. nonthermal effects; membrane excitation; electric fields (charge interactions; permanent dipole interactions; induced dipole interactions); magnetic field effects; free radical effects; human perception of 60 Hz magnetic fields; cyclotron resonance; microwave auditory effect; blood-brain barrier effects.
The New Economic Geography— An Introduction to the Bank's 2006 Economic Symposium (2006)

During the past 20 years, the number of countries taking part in the global economy has soared. Some countries made this transition by reforming their economic systems. Others did so by reducing their reliance on capital controls and barriers to trade. Their transition to market economies has been facilitated by improvements in transportation technology that reduced the cost of shipping goods and services, making global transactions faster and more affordable. The information technology revolution further promoted this process by allowing significant savings in both the time and cost of communication and information processing. These developments have spurred dramatic change in the location of production and the demand for various goods and services. Enormous growth has occurred in world trade, both in volume and product variety. Even more remarkable has been the development of global financial markets and the growth in cross-border trading of financial assets. These profound changes in the nature and direction of trade and capital flows have shaped a new economic geography. The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City sponsored a symposium, “The New Economic Geography: Effects and Policy Implications,” in Jackson Hole, Wyo., on Aug. 24-26, 2006. The symposium brought
Membrane-assisted assembly and selective secretory autophagy of enteroviruses (2022)

Enteroviruses are non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses that cause diverse diseases in humans. Their rapid multiplication depends on remodeling of cytoplasmic membranes for viral genome replication. It is unknown how virions assemble around these newly synthesized genomes and how they are then loaded into autophagic membranes for release through secretory autophagy. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography of infected cells to show that poliovirus assembles directly on replication membranes. Pharmacological untethering of capsids from membranes abrogates RNA encapsidation. Our data directly visualize a membrane-bound half-capsid as a prominent virion assembly intermediate. Assembly progression past this intermediate depends on the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase VPS34, a key host-cell autophagy factor. On the other hand, the canonical autophagy initiator ULK1 is shown to restrict virion production since its inhibition leads to increased accumulation of virions in vast intracellular arrays, followed by an increased vesicular release at later time points. Finally, we identify multiple layers of selectivity in virus-induced autophagy, with a strong selection for RNA-loaded virions over empty capsids and the segregation of virions from other types of autophagosome contents. These findings provide an integrated structural framework for multiple stages of the poliovirus life cycle.