gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Peripherin/<i>RDS</i> Gene in Retinal Dystrophies (1998)

Peripherin/RDS is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in vertebrate photoreceptors. It is located at the rim of the disc membranes of the photoreceptor outer segments, where it is thought to play an important role in folding and stacking of the discs. Initially, the identification of a mutation in the rds mouse model defined the role of this gene in hereditary retinal dystrophies. To date over 60 different mutations have been reported in human retinal diseases, with most being restricted to single families. A characteristic of mutations in the peripherin/RDS gene is the broad phenotypic spectrum in patients, and the variability in clinical expression, even within families. Thus, genotype-phenotype correlations are difficult and only reliable for a minority of mutations.
Cellular Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Keloid and Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2000)

Keloids represent a dysregulated response to cutaneous wounding that results in disfiguring scars. Unique to humans, keloids are characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. The underlying molecular mechanisms of keloid pathogenesis, however, remain largely uncharacterized. Similarly, cellular signaling mechanisms, which may indicate inherent differences in the way keloid fibroblasts and normal human dermal fibroblasts interact with extracellular matrix or other cells, have not been investigated. As part of a fundamental assessment of cellular response to injury in keloid fibroblasts, phosphorylation studies were performed using three different keloid (n = 3) and normal human dermal (n = 3) fibroblast cell lines. These studies were undertaken to elucidate whether keloid and normal human dermal fibroblasts exhibit different tyrosine kinase activity. Initially, distinct tyrosine phosphorylation patterns of keloid and normal human dermal fibroblasts were demonstrated. Next, the phosphorylation patterns were correlated with known molecules that may be important to keloid pathogenesis. On the basis of molecular weight, it was hypothesized that the highly phosphorylated bands seen in keloid fibroblasts represented epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1); and Shc, an adaptor protein known to bind many tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and DDR1. Individual immunoblotting using EGFR, DDR1, and Shc antibodies revealed greater expression in keloid fibroblasts compared with normal human dermal fibroblasts. These data substantiate for the first time the finding of greater phosphorylation by the above-mentioned molecules, which may be important in keloid pathogenesis.
Deep Top-$k$ Ranking for Image–Sentence Matching (2019)

Image-sentence matching is a challenging task for the heterogeneity-gap between different modalities. Ranking-based methods have achieved excellent performance in this task in past decades. Given an image query, these methods typically assume that the correct matched image-sentence pair must rank before all other mismatched ones. However, this assumption may be too strict and prone to the overfitting problem, especially when some sentences in a massive database are similar and confusable with one another. In this paper, we relax the traditional ranking loss and propose a novel deep multi-modal network with a top-k ranking loss to mitigate the data ambiguity problem. With this strategy, query results will not be penalized unless the index of ground truth is outside the range of top-k query results. Considering the non-smoothness and non-convexity of the initial top-k ranking loss, we exploit a tight convex upper bound to approximate the loss and then utilize the traditional back-propagation algorithm to optimize the deep multi-modal network. Finally, we apply the method on three benchmark datasets, namely, Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MSCOCO. Empirical results on metrics R@K (K = 1, 5, 10) show that our method achieves comparable performance in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
Cationic Initiation by Thionyl Chloride/Titanium Tetrachloride. II. Styrene Polymerization (1990)

Abstract The thionyl chloride/titanium tetrachloride combination in methylene chloride solution is found to be a good cationic initiating system for styrene polymerization. the efficiency of the initiation is governed by the amount of titanium chloride used. It was found by the IMA and AMI techniques that the system possesses a partially living character, and the polystyrenes obtained exhibit some stereoregular structure.
Photoemission Spectroscopy of the Interface between Indium-Tin-Oxide and Copper Phthalocyanine for Transparent Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2001)

We investigated chemical and electronic structures of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) for the electron-injection layer between indium tin oxide (ITO) and emission layers in transparent organic light-emitting devices (TOLEDs). Metallic Cu or dicopper oxide (Cu 2 O) is formed at the ITO/CuPc interface as a damaged layer during the sputtering deposition of ITO and plays a significant role in efficient electron injection from ITO to the emission layer. Sophisticated photoemission experiments revealed that the cause of the formation of the damaged layer is due to the exposure of CuPc to the oxygen plasma, while no significant damage is introduced by argon plasma and reaction with indium and tin atoms. To achieve efficient TOLEDs, the control of the oxygen plasma is essential.
Solar Cell Efficiency, Self-Assembly, and Dipole–Dipole Interactions of Isomorphic Narrow-Band-Gap Molecules (2012)

We examine the correlations of the dipole moment and conformational stability to the self-assembly and solar cell performance within a series of isomorphic, solution-processable molecules. These charge-transfer chromophores are described by a D(1)-A-D-A-D(1) structure comprising electron-rich 2-hexylbithiophene and 3,3'-di-2-ethylhexylsilylene-2,2'-bithiophene moieties as the donor units D(1) and D, respectively. The building blocks 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (PT) were used as the electron-deficient acceptor units A. Using a combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, field-effect transistors, solar cell devices, grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, three PT-containing compounds (1-3) with varying regiochemistry and symmetry, together with the BT-based compound 5,5'-bis{(4-(7-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolobenzene}-3,3'-di-2-ethylhexylsilylene-2,2'-bithiophene (4), are compared and contrasted in solution, in thin films, and as blends with the electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C(70)-butyric acid methyl ester. The molecules with symmetric orientations of the PT acceptor, 1 and 2, yield highly ordered blended thin films. The best films, processed with the solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane, show donor "crystallite" length scales on the order of 15-35 nm and photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 7.0 and 5.6%, respectively. Compound 3, with an unsymmetrical orientation of PT heterocycles, shows subtle differences in the crystallization behavior and a best PCE of 3.2%. In contrast, blends of the BT-containing donor 4 are highly disordered and give PCEs below 0.2%. We speculate that the differences in self-assembly arise from the strong influence of the BT acceptor and its orientation on the net dipole moment and geometric description of the chromophore.
Generation and Application of the Zebrafish heg1 Mutant as a Cardiovascular Disease Model (2020)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality, which has caused a huge burden on the quality of human life. Therefore, experimental animal models of CVD have become essential tools for analyzing the pathogenesis, developing drug screening, and testing potential therapeutic strategies. In recent decades, zebrafish has entered the field of CVD as an important model organism. HEG1, a heart development protein with EGF like domains 1, plays important roles in the development of vertebrate cardiovascular system. Loss of HEG1 will affect the stabilization of vascular endothelial cell connection and eventually lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Here, we generated a <i>heg1</i>-specific knockout zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Zebrafish <i>heg1</i> mutant demonstrated severe cardiovascular malformations, including atrial ventricular enlargement, heart rate slowing, venous thrombosis and slow blood flow, which were similar to human heart failure and thrombosis phenotype. In addition, the expression of zebrafish cardiac and vascular markers was abnormal in <i>heg1</i> mutants. In order to apply zebrafish <i>heg1</i> mutant in cardiovascular drug screening, four Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs and three Chinese herbal monomers were used to treat <i>heg1</i> mutant. The pericardial area, the distance between sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA), heart rate, red blood cells (RBCs) accumulation in posterior cardinal vein (PCV), and blood circulation in the tail vein were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effects of those drugs on DCM and thrombosis. Here, a new zebrafish model of DCM and thrombosis was established, which was verified to be suitable for drug screening of cardiovascular diseases. It provided an alternative method for traditional in vitro screening, and produced potential clinical related drugs in a rapid and cost-effective way.
Maternal tobacco smoking, nicotine replacement and neurobehavioural development (2008)

Abstract The adverse effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on human reproductive outcomes are a major scientific and public health concern. In the United States, approximately 25% of women of childbearing age currently smoke cigarettes, and only a small percentage of these individuals quit after learning of their pregnancy. Women interested in smoking cessation during pregnancy have a number of options, including behavioural and pharmacological aids, but nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is by far the most common approach. While NRT avoids exposure to the myriad compounds present in tobacco smoke, nicotine itself causes damage to the developing nervous system. The purpose of this article is to review the detrimental effects of developmental tobacco smoke exposure on short- and long-term outcomes with particular emphasis on neurobehavioural consequences. In conclusion based on the clear, adverse effects of nicotine on brain development observed in human and animal studies, we suggest that safer alternatives for smoking cessation in pregnancy are badly needed.
Development and calibration of low cost MEMS IMU for UAV applications (2008)

In this paper, an affordable and reliable low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) is designed using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers and rate-gyros are used, and a methodology for calibrating the resulting IMU is developed when the precise orientation of the IMU is unknown. The proposed methodology requires no precise mechanical platform for the accelerometer while as simple rotating table is utilized for the rate-gyros calibration. The proposed calibration methods utilize the fact that ideally the norm of the measured output of the accelerometer and gyro cluster is equal to the magnitude of applied force and rotational velocity, respectively. Least squares method is used to evaluate the accelerometers and gyros model coefficients.
Why is it so difficult to replace diesel in Nunavut, Canada? (2021)

Nunavut is a territory in Northern Canada partially within the Arctic Circle. Currently, diesel is the fuel of choice for both power and heating. Previous studies (Das & Cañizares, 2016; Hazelton, 2019) have shown that hybrid renewable energy models are feasible alternatives for electricity generation from economic, technical, and environmental perspectives. However, Marin (2015) shows that there is also a social perspective needed to build agreement among the diverse set of stakeholders, without which new energy solutions are unlikely to be implemented. This study examines the existing and potential low carbon energy sources in Nunavut that could possibly replace diesel; those available now (wind, solar), those not yet affordable (hydroelectric, geothermal) and those with hurdles still to be addressed (tidal, biomass, nuclear). The interplay of stakeholder acceptability criteria and roadblocks is highlighted in the context of one household in Iqaluit. Our findings show that the subsidized price of diesel-based electricity and the lack of grants for renewable options, offer little financial incentive for bottom-up change. While conflicting priorities between existing and potential power producers stall top-down change. The Government of Nunavut should remove the roadblocks that prevent individuals from participating in distributed energy generation, and lobby for the development of Nunavut's vast tidal energy potential as a critical component of Canada's net-zero emissions goal by 2050. In the meantime, given that there are currently no acceptable alternatives for diesel-based heating either, it becomes clear why it continues to be so difficult to replace diesel in Nunavut.
Insulin‐stimulated PAK1 activation is required for glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells (797.1) (2014)

Skeletal muscle accounts for ~80% of postprandial glucose clearance, crucial for maintaining euglycemia and insulin sensitivity. Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake entails recruitment of glucose transporters (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane (PM) in a process that requires cortical F‐actin remodeling; this process is dysregulated in Type 2 Diabetes. Recent studies have implicated PAK1 as a required element in GLUT4 recruitment in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo, although its underlying mechanism of action and requirement in glucose uptake remains undetermined. Toward this, we have employed the PAK1 inhibitor, IPA3, in studies using L6‐GLUT4‐myc muscle cells, the premiere skeletal muscle cell line for glucose uptake analyses. Confocal microscopy showed IPA3 to fully ablate insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the PM, corroborating the observation of ablated insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 accumulation in the PM of skeletal muscle from PAK1 ‐/‐ knockout mice. IPA3‐treatment also abolished insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal myotubes. Mechanistically, live‐cell imaging of myoblasts expressing the F‐actin biosensor LifeAct‐GFP treated with IPA3 showed blunting of the normal insulin‐induced cortical actin remodeling. This blunting was underpinned by a loss of normal insulin‐stimulated Cofilin dephosphorylation in IPA3‐treated myoblasts, suggesting a new model: insulin activates PAK1 to signal downstream to Cofilin to trigger actin severing, providing substrate for F‐actin remodeling, which facilitates GLUT4 vesicle translocation toward the PM where GLUT4 promotes glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle cell. Grant Funding Source : DK077614
Understanding how metadata and explanations can better support data warehousing and related decision support systems: an exploratory case study (2003)

Many businesses have made or are making significant investments in data warehouses (DWs) and marts that are designed to support a myriad of decision support systems (DSSs). Due to the newness of DWs and related DSSs, the nature of the decision support provided to DSS users and the importance of meta-data and explanations within that support have not been documented. An exploratory case study has been undertaken at two organizations that are using DWs to support a particular type of DW-DSS - customer relationship management (CRM) systems. CRM systems were selected as a representative DW-DSS due to the large number of system users and the various types of DSS tools that these systems typically encompass. The DSS decision performance model suggested by P. Todd and I. Benbasat (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999) has been employed as a framework for this exploration. Constructs from S. Gregor and I. Benbasat's (1999) meta-analysis of explanation use were used to guide the investigation of the explanations.
Low-Power MCU With Embedded ReRAM Buffers as Sensor Hub for IoT Applications (2016)

This paper proposes embedding 256 Kb resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) in a microcontroller unit as a data buffer for communicating with a stand-alone flash memory. In this study, the chip was manufactured using a combination of the TSMC 0.18 μm process and the Industrial Technology Research Institute ReRAM back-end-of-line process. The ReRAM was equipped with a novel sense amplifier that had three magnification times for the reference cell current for increasing the read yield by 32%. Furthermore, the ReRAM controller included built-in self-test, built-in self-repair, a shortened Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (99, 64, 5) error-correlating code, and asymmetric coding can yield ReRAM up to approximately 100%. When compared with the conventional dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) buffer, the proposed architecture reduces the system execution time by 25% and the power consumption by 15% at 25 MHz. Simulations also showed that the ReRAM buffering runs at least 51% faster when compared with the use of other nonvolatile memories such as ferroelectric RAM, phase change RAM, and conduct-bridge RAM. Although ReRAM buffering is just competitive in speed and power consumption of spin-transfer torque magnetor resistive RAM buffering, ReRAM has clear advantages in area, cost, and reliability.
Opportunities for active DER management in deferral of distribution system reinforcements (2009)

Power systems worldwide have gone through a transition from vertically integrated into liberalized energy markets. At the same time, increased environmental concerns are promoting the use of renewable and efficient generation technologies. Consequently, a growing number of small-scale distributed energy resources (DER) are being installed in distribution systems. Passive operation of DER can result in severe grid operation problems. In contrast, active DER management can bring mutual benefits for the DER owner as well as distribution system operators (DSO). In this article a flexible multi-objective optimization scheme is presented in which DER placement and optimal ancillary services are evaluated and compared with conventional grid reinforcements. This allows assessing the potential of optimal active DER management and evaluating different tariff schemes for DER connection at different levels of DER in the grid. The proposed method uses a hybrid strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) with a distribution optimal power flow (OPF). Results are analyzed using the UKGDS 355-bus system.
Evaluation of an Oxygen Transport Coefficient in the Aditya Tokamak Using the Radial Profile of O4+ Emissivity and the Importance of Atomic Data Used Therein (2019)

Oxygen impurity transport in the typical discharges of the Aditya tokamak was investigated using emissivity radial profile of emissivity of the spectral line (2p3p 3D3–2p3d 3F4) at 650.024 nm from the Be-like oxygen ion. This O4+ spectral line was recorded using a 1.0 m multi-track spectrometer capable of simultaneous measurements from eight lines of sight passing through the plasma. The oxygen transport coefficients were determined by reproducing the experimentally measured emissivity profiles of O4+, using a one-dimensional impurity transport code, STRAHL, and photon emissivity coefficient (PEC) belonging to that transition. The PEC values were obtained from both ADAS and NIFS atomic databases. Using both the databases, much higher values of diffusion coefficients compared to the neo-classical values were observed in both high and low magnetic field edge regions of typical Aditya tokamak Ohmic plasma. Although, almost similar profiles of diffusion coefficients were obtained using PEC values from both databases, the magnitude differs considerably. The maximum values of diffusion coefficients in the plasma edge at low field side of tokamak were ~45 and ~25 m2·s−1 when modeling was done using the ADAS and NIFS databases, respectively. Further analysis on the atomic data used in the calculation indicates that the difference in diffusion coefficients is mainly related to the variation in the values of atomic data of the two databases.
Transition from lateral to transverse phase separation during film co-deposition (1991)

We report observations of two distinct types of phase-separated microstructures in co-deposited Al-Ge films. In the initial stages of growth, lateral phase separation is observed, with a temperature dependence consistent with surface diffusion. As the film grows thicker, the Ge-rich phase becomes increasingly buried, and a transverse phase-separated microstructure results, consisting of an Al-rich layer covering a Ge-rich layer. This observation is explained in terms of the competition between surface and interfacial free energies. We discuss the kinetic aspects of the phase separation process, and the resulting behavior in the thick-film limit.
Thermal gelation of globular proteins: weight-average molecular weight dependence of gel strength (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal gelation of globular proteins: weight-average molecular weight dependence of gel strengthCheng Hsin Wang and Srinivasan DamodaranCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 5, 1157–1164Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00095a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts