gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet nitride LED fabrication for high-flux white LED (2003)

The requirements for maximizing the external quantum efficiency of UV nitride LEDs are discussed. It is shown that as the chip wavelength progressively decreases, nitride epi growth on a sapphire substrate becomes advantageous in terms of light extraction. The epilayer requirements for UV LEDs dictate the growth of n-AlGaN, with increasing Al contents, and the growth of UV-transparent p-GaN. It is shown that MOCVD growth in a Emcore D-180 or Ganzilla reactor is ideal for meeting the stringent epilayer requirements. Increasing light extraction efficiency and wall-plug efficiency also requires optimization of the reflecting P-contact. The relative merits of Al- and Ag-based reflecting contacts are discussed. Performance data for UV LEDs on sapphire, for drive currents up to 700 mA is shown. Finally, a practical high power UV-based white lamp is demonstrated.
Fracture of humerus during armwrestling: report of 5 cases. (1991)

Five cases of fracture of the humerus, including two types were treated over a period of twelve months. Three of these were simple spiral fractures of the lower third of the shaft. The other two were fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Two of the spiral fractures were complicated by radial nerve paresis and delayed union, and were operatively treated. The remaining three fractures were treated conservatively. These fractures are the result of a number of factors giving rise to violent torsional forces or avulsion forces. All five patients recovered well with respective treatment.
The Impact of Non-Darcy Flow on Production from Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells (2001)

Abstract The pressure drop due to flow within a propped fracture results from three mechanisms: viscous drag of the fluid, inertial effects associated with the movement of fluid around the proppant grains, and multiphase effects associated with the interaction of the different fluid phases. Most existing fracture models and production simulators analyze the effects of viscous drag only, often underestimating the total pressure drop in the fracture by one or two orders of magnitude. These models rely solely on the reference permeability of the proppant, which is measured in the laboratory with extremely low flow rates of 2 to 10 cc/min. This paper reviews the design changes necessary to accommodate the incremental pressure losses resulting from multiphase and non-Darcy flow, and shows application of the theory to two operators' stimulation programs. Production rate projections and economic analyses are provided for fracture treatments conducted in two field programs (both gas reservoirs): Total-Fina-Elf's development in the Frio and Vicksburg reservoirs of South Texas and Chevron USA's Birch Creek Unit in the Green River Basin of Wyoming. Fracture treatments in existing wells had been designed with traditional Darcy flow models. New stimulation treatments were redesigned to include multiphase and non-Darcy flow effects. This paper provides details of the two different stimulation treatment designs in each of the development programs and the production results – average productivity increases of 20 to 30% for the new wells compared to offset wells treated with stimulations based on Darcy flow design models.
Toxicity of Dutch (E22Q) and Flemish (A21G) Mutant Amyloid β Proteins to Human Cerebral Microvessel and Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

E22Q-Abeta induced greater toxicity in all parameters than A21G-Abeta and wild-type Abeta with respect to both MV and aortic SMC. A21G-Abeta did not show a significant toxic effect on MV and aortic SMC. This differential effect may be linked to cell type-specific processing and metabolism of mutant forms of Abeta. Mutations in amyloid precursor protein may lead to CAA by different pathogenetic mechanisms or share an unknown property that distinguishes them from wild-type Abeta.
ASSURED‐compliant point‐of‐care diagnostics for the detection of human viral infections (2021)

Abstract Viral disease outbreaks have been always a threat to global public health making affordable, rapid and accurate diagnostics highly important tools to slow down the spread of viruses and decrease the mortality rate. Point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics have emerged as a strong tool for the diagnosis of viral infections, especially in countries where health‐care systems are inadequate to provide proper services to all citizens. According to the World Health Organization, an ideal POC diagnostic must be Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User‐friendly, Rapid/Robust, Equipment‐free and Deliverable (ASSURED). This review surveys carefully each ASSURED criterion and identifies where existing viral POC diagnostics fail to meet these criteria. Given the widespread concern with plastic pollution, we also propose the addition of 'disposability' to the existing ASSURED criteria and consider the letter “D” as the representative of both Deliverable and Disposable. Next, the POC tests used for the diagnosis of several common human viral infections which met all the ASSURED criteria (ASSURED‐compliant) are described in detail. Finally, the future of ASSURED‐compliant POC diagnostics, capable of generating comparable results to the viral diagnostic gold standards, is discussed.
Persistence of host Langerhans cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: possible relationship with acute graft‐versus‐host disease (1985)

Langerhans cells (LC) are bone marrow-derived dendritic antigen-presenting cells found in the epidermis. In an effort to determine the origin (host versus donor) of LC at different intervals following bone marrow transplantation, we performed skin biopsies in 16 recipients of sex-mismatched marrow. LC were identified using monoclonal antibody OKT6 in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay and their donor or host origin determined according to the presence or absence of Y body. The presence of Y-positive (donor) LC could be demonstrated in all (6/6) skin biopsies of female recipients of male marrow tested between days 39 and 730 post-transplant. Persistence of host LC in male recipients of female marrow was documented in all (6/6) recipients studied on day 39 and in two out of seven patients tested on day 120 post-transplant. From day 365 onward, no residual host LC could be detected, suggesting that by this time all epidermal LC are donor-derived. Our study demonstrates that host LC usually persist for 39 and up to 120 d following bone marrow transplantation. The relevance of this observation to the possible role of LC and other host dendritic antigen-presenting cells in the graft-versus-host reaction is discussed.
Epidemiological and virological findings during an outbreak of equine influenza in Uruguay in 2018 (2020)

Equine influenza is one of the major respiratory infectious diseases in horses. In 2018, equine influenza virus (EIV) was confirmed as the cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses in Chile and Argentina. In the same year, for the first time in Uruguay, EIV infection was confirmed by isolation and molecular analysis to be the cause of respiratory disease among hundreds of clinically affected thoroughbred horses in training and racing facilities. The virus was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs by a pan-reactive influenza type A realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The partial nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin 1 (HA1 ) gene (994 base pairs) was determined and analysed phylogenetically using MEGA X software. Amino acid sequence alignments were constructed, and serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis. The diagnosis of EIV was confirmed by rRT-PCR, virus isolation and serological testing. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial HA1 gene sequence of the isolated virus indicated that it belongs to clade 1 of the Florida sub-lineage of the American lineage and is closely related to viruses isolated in the recent past. Study of the HA1 region (331 amino acids) of the virus identified in horses in racing facilities in Uruguay displayed the highest amino acid sequence identity with viruses detected in Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom in 2018. The surveillance data reported illustrate the international spread of EIVs and support the recommendation of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Expert Surveillance Panel to include viruses of the Florida sub-lineage in vaccines.
Optical-cavity based ponderomotive phase plate for transmission electron microscopy (2023)

An optical cavity is defined by a first mirror and a second mirror. The first mirror has a front surface that includes a first concave mirror. The second mirror has a front surface that includes a second concave mirror. The optical cavity has a resonant optical mode with a small focal spot size. The optical cavity may be used in a method of enhancing phase contrast in an electron beam image, and associated system for electron beam imaging or electron-beam spectroscopy, with a transmission electron beam microscope.
Band-limited wavefront reconstruction with unity frequency response from Shack-Hartmann slopes measurements (2008)

The analytic frequency responses of the traditional wavefront reconstructors of Hudgin, Fried, and Southwell are presented, which exhibit amplification or attenuation of the original signal at high spatial frequencies. To overcome this problem, a reconstructor with unity frequency response is developed based on a band-limited derivative calculation. The algorithm is both numerically and experimentally confirmed.
Energy-based rate adaptation for 802.11n (2012)

Rate adaptation (RA) has been used to achieve high goodput. In this work, we explore to use RA for energy efficiency in 802.11n NICs. We show that current MIMO RA algorithms are not energy efficient for NICs despite ensuring high throughput. The fundamental problem is that, the high-throughput setting is not equivalent to the energy-efficient one. Marginal throughput gain may be realized at high energy cost. We propose EERA, an energy-based RA solution that trades off goodput for energy savings at NICs. Our experiments have confirmed its energy savings at NICs while keeping the cost at the device level and across clients acceptable.
Investigating the coding capacity of rotaviruses using a newly developed reverse genetics system (2020)

Bovine rotavirus (RV) infection causes severe diarrhoea in young dairy calves and has a significant economic impact on livestock production as a result of high morbidity and mortality caused. Development of technologies to engineer infectious RV using an entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics (RG) system has proven challenging. A breakthrough was made when Kanaiand co-authors (PNAS, 2017)developed a plasmid-only-based RG system for the simian RV strain SA11.We are currently developing an analogous RG system for the bovine RF RV strain. Having parallel systems for different RV strains will help to validate phenotypic changes induced by site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) within the RV genome. The coding capacity of the 11-segmented dsRNA RV genome has been largely unexplored. Using bioinformatic analyses, we have identified four segments with up to five putative alternative initiation codons which are in moderate or strong Kozak context. Furthermore, some occur in segments for which the canonical start codon occurs within 15 nucleotides of the start of the segment, further suggesting the possibility of alternative translation start sites to generate coding diversity. We are now applying our RG systems to investigate RV coding capacity using TnT transcription assays, radiolabelling and SDM.
A Nonlinear Method of Characteristic Extraction for Underwater Target Recognition (2014)

Underwater target radiated noise signal possesses the features of non-stationary, non-Gaussian and strong background noise. It's difficult to detect characteristics at low signal-noise ratio. Empirical Mode decomposition algorithm is used to handle tranquilization of radiation noises, and then filtered sub-band signal is fed into the improved model of stochastic resonance. By changing internal noise intensity of the system, enhancement of the weak periodic signal is realized under the synergies of system, signal and noise. The simulation results show that the weak signal power spectrum value is improved nearly 25 dB when the algorithm is used for detecting characteristics of actual underwater signal.
<title>Particle size effects in the electrorheological behavior of silica-poly (dimethylsiloxane) mixtures</title> (1994)

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are typically nonaqueous suspensions that show a reversible viscosity increase upon application of an external electric field. There has been some important basic work on the stress-transfer mechanisms in ER fluids but little work on actual particle size effects. Several ER fluids were characterized with a modified Brookfield viscometer; field strengths up to about 0.5 kV/mm may be employed with this setup. The ER fluids consisted of various synthetic precipitated and fumed silicas suspended in a 50-cStk. or 200- cStk. silicone oil at levels up to 9% by weight. Apparent viscosity and shear stress were measured as a function of shear rate and field strength employing several silicas with different primary particle size and composition. The data show a dependence of primary and agglomerated particle sizes on the electrorheological behavior. However, all of the data for these three systems could be combined onto one scaling plot of relative viscosity versus Mason number, Mn. The crossover from electrostatic to hydrodynamic control for the stress transfer in these systems occurred at a Mn of 1.5. A fumed silica with a smaller primary particle size, and no significant agglomeration was also examined. It showed similar behavior to the previous silicas.
Effects of Acadesine on Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Death Following Surgery<subtitle>A Meta-analysis of the 5 International Randomized Trials</subtitle> (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effects of a purine nucleoside, acadesine, on the incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Individual patient data from 5 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials, including 81 international medical centers of the United States, Canada, and Europe. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All patients from all clinical trials were included: a total of 4043 patients undergoing CABG surgery, evaluable for efficacy, and randomized to receive either placebo (n= 2031) or acadesine (0.1 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>;n=2012) by intravenous infusion for 7 continuous hours and via the cardioplegia solution. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Individual patient data were collected prospectively using standardized forms and methods and double-data entry. A general parametric approach and analysis-by-patient meta-analysis were used, including both fixed effects and random effects models. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, general methodology, and outcome assessment techniques were similar for all trials. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Acadesine decreased the incidence of the primary outcome, perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) by 27% (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.95;<i>P</i>=.02), decreased the incidence of cardiac death through postoperative day 4 by 50% (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.98;<i>P</i>=.04), and decreased the incidence of combined outcome (MI, stroke, or cardiac death) by 26% (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93;<i>P</i>=.01). The random effects models for these outcomes also yielded significant results. The incidence of cerebrovascular accident was not significantly reduced by acadesine (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.44-1.08;<i>P</i>=.10). A secondary analysis of cardiac death following MI through postoperative day 4 demonstrated that acadesine decreased by 89% the number of deaths from 13.3% (13 deaths/98 MIs) in the placebo group to 1.4% (1 death/71 MIs) in acadesine-treated patients (<i>P</i>=.003). Acadesine also reduced the use of ventricular-assistance devices for severe postoperative heart failure by approximately one third (<i>P</i>=.05). Finally, regarding safety, the incidence of adverse events was similar in the acadesine vs placebo groups, with the exception of a transient increase in serum uric acid in the acadesine group. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results of this meta-analysis indicate that in patients undergoing CABG surgery, treatment with acadesine before and during surgery can reduce early cardiac death, MI, and combined adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Supplementary Figure 1 from BAFF Attenuates Immunosuppressive Monocytes in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 shows the in vitro characterization of the BAFF-expressing melanoma cell line&lt;/p&gt;
Lemongrass effects on IL-1β and IL-6 production by macrophages (2009)

Cymbopogon citratus has been widely recognised for its ethnobotanical and medicinal usefulness. Its insecticidal, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties have been reported, but little is known about its effect on the immune system. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo effect of a water extract of lemongrass on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production by macrophages of BALB/c mice. The action of lemongrass essential oil on cytokine production by macrophages was also analysed in vitro. The chemical composition of the extract and the oil was also investigated. Treatment of mice with water extract of lemongrass inhibited macrophages to produce IL-1beta but induced IL-6 production by these cells. Lemongrass essential oil inhibited the cytokine production in vitro. Linalool oxide and epoxy-linalool oxide were found to be the major components of lemongrass water extract, and neral and geranial were the major compounds of its essential oil. Taken together, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory action of this natural product.
Does Motor Learning Occur in the Spinal Cord? (1997)

It is becoming clear that the plasticity of the sensory-motor networks of the adult mammalian lumbosacral spinal cord is much greater than and is more dependent on the specific patterns of use than has been previously assumed. Using a wide variety of experimental paradigms in which the lumbar spinal cord is isolated from the brain, it has been shown that the lumbosacral spinal cord can learn to execute stepping or standing more successfully if that specific task is practiced. It also appears that the sensory input associated with the motor task and/or the manner in which it is interpreted by the spinal cord are important components of the neural network plasticity. Early evidence suggests that several neurotransmitter systems in the spinal cord, to include glycinergic and GABAergic systems, adapt to repetitive use. These studies extend a growing body of evidence suggesting that memory and learning are widely distributed phenomena within the central nervous system. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:287–294, 1997
A novel 3D recovery method by dynamic (de)focused projection (2011)

Ce mémoire présente une nouvelle méthode pour l acquisition 3D basée sur la lumière structurée. Cette méthode unifie les techniques de depth from focus (DFF) et depth from defocus (DFD) en utilisant une projection dynamique (dé)focalisée. Avec cette approche, le système d acquisition d images est construit de manière à conserver la totalité de l objet nette sur toutes les images. Ainsi, seuls les motifs projetés sont soumis aux déformations de défocalisation en fonction de la profondeur de l objet. Quand les motifs projetés ne sont pas focalisés, leurs Point Spread Function (PSF) sont assimilées à une distribution gaussienne. La profondeur finale est calculée en utilisant la relation entre les PSF de différents niveaux de flous et les variations de la profondeur de l objet. Notre nouvelle estimation de la profondeur peut être utilisée indépendamment. Elle ne souffre pas de problèmes d occultation ou de mise en correspondance. De plus, elle gère les surfaces sans texture et semi-réfléchissante. Les résultats expérimentaux sur des objets réels démontrent l efficacité de notre approche, qui offre une estimation de la profondeur fiable et un temps de calcul réduit. La méthode utilise moins d images que les approches DFF et contrairement aux approches DFD, elle assure que le PSF est localement unique
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a marine diatom-infecting single-stranded RNA virus (2010)

Crystals of a diatom-infecting virus (CtenRNAV) that diffracted to a resolution of 4.0 Å were grown in a mixture of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), calcium chloride and sodium acetate. It was possible to freeze the crystals directly at liquid-nitrogen temperature as the reservoir solution, which included about 30% MPD, acted as a cryoprotectant during X-ray diffraction data collection. A data set was collected from a single frozen crystal obtained using this method. The crystals belonged to space group P6(3)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 448.67, c = 309.76 Å and two virus particles in the unit cell. The virus-particle orientation was determined using a rotation function and the virus-particle centre was estimated on the basis of crystallographic considerations. The packing of CtenRNAV in the crystal lattice was revealed by this preliminary crystallographic study.
An efficient scheme for multi-party quantum state sharing via GHZ channels (2012)

We develop an innovative and efficient scheme to share an arbitrary multi-qubit state between n agents via only one GHZ channel under control of m agents in a network. Compared with existing ones in this literature, our scheme involves less qubits, only single-qubit measurements, Bell-basis measurement and CNOT gate operations and thus exhibits a higher overall efficiency.
Welcome message of NICT (2009)

NICT is Japan's sole public research organization devoted to information and communications, supporting the forthcoming ubiquitous communications society by conducting research and development into fundamental application technologies in the telecommunications field. NICT also offers comprehensive project support to industry and academia. We have been carrying out a number of R&D projects in cooperation with academic, industrial and governmental organizations and companies worldwide.
Vibration modes of a resonant silicon tube density sensor (1996)

We present an investigation of the resonance parameters for a new sensor for on-line measurements of fluid density. The sensor consists of a tube system made of single crystalline silicon. The tube system is excited electrostatically into mechanical resonance and the vibration is detected optically. Using a simplified theoretical analysis, the resonance frequency can be shown to be proportional to 1/spl radic//spl rho/, where /spl rho/ is the density of the silicon and the fluid weighted according to their areas in a cross section of the tube. Thus, a change in fluid density results in a change in the resonance frequency. This dependence is demonstrated by measurements for four different vibrations modes. The quality of the vibration is also investigated through measurements of the Q-values of the vibration modes. The tubes are made using anisotropic silicon KOH etching and silicon-to-silicon fusion bonding micromachining techniques. The dimensions of the tube system are 8.6/spl times/17.7 mm with an outer tube thickness of 1 mm and a wall thickness of 100 /spl mu/m. Total tube length is 61 mm, and the sample volume is 0.035 ml. The sensor has a very good density sensitivity of the order of -200 ppm/(kgm/sup -3/) and a high Q of the order of 3000 for air in the tube.