gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of single-chain variable fragments fused with the Fc-region of rabbit IgG in Leishmania tarentolae (2014)

In recent years the generation of antibodies by recombinant methods, such as phage display technology, has increased the speed by which antibodies can be obtained. However, in some cases when recombinant antibodies have to be validated, expression in E. coli can be problematic. This primarily occurs when codon usage or protein folding of specific antibody fragments is incompatible with the E. coli translation and folding machinery, for instance when recombinant antibody formats that include the Fc-region are needed. In such cases other expression systems can be used, including the protozoan parasite Leishmania tarentolae (L. tarentolae). This novel host for recombinant protein expression has recently shown promising properties for the expression of single-chain antibody fragments. We have utilised the L. tarentolae T7-TR system to achieve expression and secretion of two scFvs fused to the Fc-region of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). Based on the commercial vector pLEXSY_IE-blecherry4 (Jena Bioscience; Cat. No. EGE-255), we generated a vector containing the Fragment Crystallisable (Fc) region of rabbit IgG allowing insertions of single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) in frame via Nco l/Not l cloning (pMJ_LEXSY-rFc). For the expression of rabbit Fc-fusion scFvs (scFv-rFc) we cloned two scFvs binding to human vimentin (LOB7 scFv) and murine laminin (A10 scFv) respectively, into the modified vector. The LOB7-rFc and A10-rFc fusions expressed at levels up to 2.95 mg/L in L. tarentolae T7-TR. Both scFv-rFcs were purified from the culture supernatants using protein A affinity chromatography. Additionally, we expressed three different scFvs without the rFc regions using a similar expression cassette, obtaining yields up to 1.00 mg/L. To our knowledge, this is the first time that antibody fragments with intact Fc-region of immunoglobulin have been produced in L. tarentolae. Using the plasmid pMJ_LEXSY-rFc, L. tarentolae T7-TR can be applied as an efficient tool for expression of rFc fusion antibody fragments, allowing easy purification from the growth medium. This system provides an alternative in cases where antibody constructs express poorly in standard prokaryotic systems. Furthermore, in cases where bivalent Fc-fused antibody constructs are needed, using L. tarentolae for expression provides an efficient alternative to mammalian expression.
Parallel Interference Cancellation Detection with Inner and Outer Iterations for Space-frequency Block Coded OFDM Systems (2006)

In order to simplify the decoding algorithm, it is usually assumed in previously reported work on space-frequency block coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SFBC-OFDM) systems utilizing space-time block codes (STBC) that the frequency responses of adjacent subchannels are approximately constant for a STBC block length (K.F. Lee and D.B. Williams, 2000). Under this assumption, the conventional linear decoder proposed for STBC in V. Tarokh et al. (1999) can be equivalently used in SFBC-OFDM systems to achieve the maximum diversity gain with the lowest computational complexity. However, this assumption is not accurate when the number of OFDM sub-carriers is small or the system operates in a severe multipath environment. The conventional decoder will give rise to interference due to the channel frequency response variations in adjacent subchannels. This result in an irreducible error floor in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region of the bit error rate (BER) curve and decreased diversity gain. In this paper, we propose a parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detection scheme with inner and outer iterations for G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (V. Tarokh et al., 1999) coded SFBC-OFDM transmit diversity systems over frequency selective fading channels. Simulation results will show that the proposed scheme can mitigate the interference effect and make the error floor occur at a very low BER, which can be neglected
Transcription factor AP-2gamma stimulates proliferation and apoptosis and impairs differentiation in a transgenic model. (2003)

AP-2 transcription factors play pivotal roles in orchestrating embryonic development by influencing the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of cells. Furthermore, AP-2 transcription factors have been implicated in carcinogenesis, a process where the normal growth and differentiation program of cells is disturbed. To experimentally address the potential involvement of AP-2 in mammary gland tumorigenesis, we generated mice overexpressing AP-2gamma by transgenesis using the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat as the transgene-driving promoter unit. In the mammary gland, transgene expression elicited a hyperproliferation that, however, was counterbalanced by the enhanced apoptosis of epithelial cells leading to a hypoplasia of the alveolar epithelium during late pregnancy. In addition, secretory differentiation was impaired, resulting in a lactation failure. In male transgenic mice, the seminal vesicles were sites of strong transgene expression. There the effects of AP-2gamma on proliferation and apoptosis were even more pronounced, and differentiation was impaired, too, as revealed by the absence of androgen receptor immunoreactivity. In both tissues, the mammary gland and the seminal vesicles, enhanced steady-state transcript levels of the AP-2 target gene IGFBP-5 were detected, revealing a potential mechanism of AP-2-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest a role of AP-2 transcription factors in the maintenance of a proliferative and undifferentiated state of cells, characteristics not only important during embryonic development but also in tumorigenesis.
A fast echo canceller initialization method for the CCITT V.32 modem (1990)

An investigation is conducted of the use of a fast-converging frequency-domain adjustment method for the echo canceller that conforms to the CCITT V.32 standard. The method requires no additional processor cycles (or cost increase) over that already required during steady-state operation of the V.32 modem, and reduces the training period to a maximum of 7.5 s, and nominally about 2.5 s. The presence of intermediate echoes can be detected naturally with the presented methods. Simple modifications of the new method are also introduced to accommodate special situations where intermediate echoes and/or frequency offset are present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evidence, Mechanisms, and Complexity (2021)

Abstract This chapter examines the role of evidence in public policy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often thought to provide the most rigorous way of establishing causal claims. On this basis it has been claimed that what public policy requires is a solid evidence base of RCTs, which are then synthesized into an account of ‘what works’. The chapter argues that this is mistaken. Even if it can be shown with confidence that an intervention had a particular size of effect within a trial population at a particular time, this does not show that the intervention will work in a wide range of contexts, or in a policymaker’s particular context. A number of factors, including the greater difficulty of controlling for confounding factors, and the greater variability in causal networks, make evidence less likely to travel in public policy than in clinical medicine.
Sketching unaggregated data streams for subpopulation-size queries (2007)

IP packet streams consist of multiple interleaving IP flows. Statistical summaries of these streams, collected for different measurement periods, are used for characterization of traffic, billing, anomaly detection, inferring traffic demands, configuring packet filters and routing protocols, and more. While queries are posed over the set of flows, the summarization algorithmis applied to the stream of packets. Aggregation of traffic into flows before summarization requires storage of per-flow counters, which is often infeasible. Therefore, the summary has to be produced over the unaggregated stream.
Deuterium-labeling experiments relevant to the mechanism of platinum-catalyzed hydrogenation of (diolefin)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes: evidence for isotopic exchange via platinum surface hydrogen. The stereochemistry of reduction (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium-labeling experiments relevant to the mechanism of platinum-catalyzed hydrogenation of (diolefin)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes: evidence for isotopic exchange via platinum surface hydrogen. The stereochemistry of reductionTimothy M. Miller, Thomas J. McCarthy, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3156–3163Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00218a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Atlas of the Spectrum of a Platinum/Neon Hollow-Cathode Reference Lamp in the Region 1130-4330 Å. (2017)

The spectrum of a platinum hollow-cathode lamp containing neon carrier gas was recorded photographically and photoelectrically with a 10.7 m normal-incidence vacuum spectrograph. Wavelengths and intensities were determined for about 5600 lines in the region 1130-4330 Å. An atlas of the spectrum is given, with the spectral lines marked and their intensities, wavelengths, and classifications listed. Lines of impurity species are also identified. The uncertainty of the photographically measured wavelengths is estimated to be ± 0.0020 Å. The uncertainty of lines measured in the photoelectric scans is 0.01 Å for wavelengths shorter than 2030 Å and 0.02 Å for longer wavelengths. Ritz-type wavelengths are given for many of the classified lines of Pt II with uncertainties varying from ±0.0004 to ± 0.0025 Å. The uncertainty of the relative intensities is estimated to be about 20%.
Diverse roles of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in regulating collective cell migration (2016)

Abstract Efficient collective migration depends on a balance between contractility and cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion, and mechanical cell-cell communication, all controlled by GTPases of the RHO family. By comprehensive screening of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers, we identified GEFs that are required for collective migration at large, such as SOS1 and β -PIX, and RHOA GEFs that are implicated in intercellular communication. Downregulation of the latter GEFs differentially enhanced front-to-back propagation of guidance cues through the monolayer, and was mirrored by downregulation of RHOA expression and myosin-II activity. Phenotype-based clustering of knock-down behaviors identified RHOA-ARHGEF18 and ARHGEF3-ARHGEF28-ARHGEF11 clusters, indicating that the latter may signal through other RHO-family GTPases. Indeed, knock-down of RHOC produced an intermediate between the two phenotypes. We conclude that for effective collective migration the RHOA-GEFs-→ARHOA/C→ actomyosin pathways must be optimally tuned to compromise between generation of motility forces and restriction of intercellular communication.
Temperature Control for Heating Cylinder by Multivariable STC (1992)

The rapid progress of micro-processing techniques enables us to use intelligent control algorithms of high level for complex systems by using micro-computers. The heating cylinder for plastic molding is one of those complex systems which is required to control the temperature as precise as possible.In this paper an adaptive temperature control method is proposed to improve performance of the temperature control system for the heating cylinder. This method is based on the multivariable self-tuning control (STC) theory. The temperature control system contains three heaters and three sensors. The unknown parameters in the equation are identified by the least squares estimation method. We obtain a minimum-phase model for the heating cylinder by tuning the value of the time delay contained in the identified model. The adaptive controller has been constructed for the identified system by STC theory. Some experimental results are illustrated to show that the STC method is effective in comparison with a conventional method by PID Controller and Ziegler-Nichols method.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Resistance to Selective BRAF Inhibition Can Be Mediated by Modest Upstream Pathway Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 89K&lt;/p&gt;
Use of visible light‐based photodynamic therapy to bacterial photoinactivation (2005)

The main focus of this laboratory exercise was to investigate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) acting over Streptococcus mutans. A handheld photopolymerizer and a classical photosensitizer (Rose Bengal) were used to induce photodynamic response. In this way, a suspension of S. mutans was treated with different concentrations of Rose Bengal (0-10 μmol/liter), irradiated with a light (400-600 nm) for 20 s, and then cell viability was evaluated. It was observed that the light (per se) is not toxic, and in the dark, Rose Bengal is toxic only to the cells tested at concentrations above 5.0 μmol/liter. Under light exposure, concentrations of Rose Bengal above 0.5 μmol/liter killed all S. mutans. Therefore, for the purpose of our work, the photoactivation of Rose Bengal using the handheld photopolymerizer was efficient in bacteria inactivation.
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles via Ring-Closing Ene-Ene and Ene-Yne Metathesis Reactions: An Easy Access to 1- and 2-Benzazepine Scaffolds and Five- and Six-Membered Lactams (2012)

Novel regioselective ring closing ene-yne metathesis provided an efficient access to different substituted 1-benzazepine scaffolds. The reported synthetic approach could also be used as a powerful tool for the selective formation of a highly functionalizable 2-benzazepine core. This synthetic protocol was even proved to be an efficient way to obtain a functionalizable benzazocine ­derivative. By modifying the structure of the starting materials, the optimized cyclization finally proved to be a suitable technique to obtain five- and six-membered lactams, enhancing the synthetic application of our method. Five- and six-membered lactams were efficiently prepared by ring-closing metathesis involving the loss of ethylene moiety and affording highly functionalizable compounds showing both electron-withdrawing substituents and electron-donor groups.
Improved Light Harvesting and Improved Efficiency by Insertion of an Optical Spacer (ZnO) in Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells (2013)

We demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency can be significantly improved in solution-processed small-molecule solar cells by tuning the thickness of the active layer and inserting an optical spacer (ZnO) between the active layer and the Al electrode. The enhancement in light absorption in the cell was measured with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and by measurements of the photoinduced carriers generation rate. The ZnO layer used to improve the light-harvesting increases the charge collection efficiency, serves as a blocking layer for holes, and reduces the recombination rate. The combined optical and electrical improvements raise the power conversion efficiency of solution-processed small-molecule solar cells to 8.9%, that is, comparable to that of polymer counterparts.
Implementation of Dynamic Robotic Graphics For a Virtual Control Panel (1997)

This paper describes an implementation of “robotic graphics,” in which forces and torques are provided in virtual environments by the method of interacting with robots that are not attached to the body. The demonstration simulates a flat control panel containing an assortment of switches by using an immersive virtual reality head-mounted display, electro-magnetic and videometric tracking, and a robot that holds a turret containing one of each of the types of switches. The robot dynamically presents the switches to be touched in a just-in-time only-as-needed basis. Results are presented regarding visual/force registration for finger tracking and human performance.
Ultrafast optical currents in gapped graphene (2023)

We theoretically study the interaction of ultrashort optical pulses with gapped graphene. Such a strong pulse results in a finite conduction band population and a corresponding electric current, both during and after the pulse. Since gapped graphene has broken inversion symmetry, it has an axial symmetry about the y-axis but not about the x-axis. We show that, in this case, if the linear pulse is polarized along the x-axis, the rectified electric current is generated in the y direction. At the same time, the conduction band population distribution in the reciprocal space is symmetric about the x-axis. Thus, the rectified current in gapped graphene has an inter-band origin, while the intra-band contribution to the rectified current is zero.
The Ru3(CO)12-Catalyzed Intermolecular [2 + 2 + 1] Cyclocoupling of Imines, Alkenes or Alkynes, and Carbon Monoxide: A New Synthesis of Functionalized γ-Lactams (2000)

The reaction of imines which contain N-heterocycles or an ester group with alkenes or alkynes and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium carbonyl results in [2 + 2 + 1] cyclocoupling to give γ-butyrolactams in good yields.
Highly sensitive in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions by surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy on multifunctional Fe3O4/C/Au NPs (2014)

In this study, multifunctional Fe₃O₄/C/Au nanoparticles (NPs), which catalytically integrated active small Au NPs with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active large Au NPs, were fabricated via a facile method and employed for the in situ SERS monitoring of a catalytic reaction of p-nitrothiophenol (p-NTP) to p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP). In addition, the effect of magnet power was tested and it was demonstrated that the SERS intensity of the reaction system was stronger, and the reaction proceeded more smoothly because more hot spots existed and remained the same in the magnetic field; hence, the catalytic rate could be determined.
Control relevant long-range plant identification using recurrent neural networks (2005)

In adaptive critic control systems design as well as other control systems design schemes, e.g., model-based predictive control, the plant model has to be iterated to predict many time steps ahead into the future. A commonly used implementation is to employ a parallel identification structure. It has been justified for linear estimation that (assume that estimates to the real plant are biased) long-range prediction models are less sensitive to high frequency noise, whether actual noise or caused by model-plant mismatch. We address feasibilities of using recurrent neural networks for long-range plant identification. We examine the existence, training and performance of such recurrent neural network identifiers.
Office-Based Treatment of Glottal Dysplasia and Papillomatosis with the 585-NM Pulsed Dye Laser and Local Anesthesia (2004)

Treatment of glottal papillomatosis and dysplasia was mirror-guided and performed in surgeons' offices in the 19th century. It migrated to the operating room in the 20th century to accommodate direct laryngoscopic surgery, which required assistants to administer anesthesia and procedural support. Presently, the primary treatment goals, which are disease regression and voice restoration or maintenance, are tempered by the morbidity of general anesthesia and potential treatment-induced vocal deterioration. In fact, general anesthesia has been appropriately considered to be an acceptable source of morbidity for the promise of a precise procedure, which usually ensures airway safety and an optimal vocal outcome. However, patients with recurrent glottal papillomatosis and keratosis with dysplasia are typically monitored with various degrees of watchful waiting until there is a subjective judgment (on the part of the patient and surgeon) that the disease is more of a liability than is the procedure to treat it. Innovations in the 585-nm pulsed dye laser delivery system have allowed for its use in the clinic with local anesthesia through the working channel of a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope. A prospective assessment was done on 51 patients in 82 cases of recurrent glottal papillomatosis (30) and dysplasia (52). All individuals had previously undergone microlaryngoscopic management with histopathologic evaluation. Five procedures could not be completed because of impaired exposure (2) or discomfort (3). Of those patients who could be treated, there was at least a 50% disease involution in 68 of 77 cases (88%) and 25% to 50% disease regression in the remaining 9 (12%). Patient self-assessment of the voice revealed that 34 of 77 were improved, 39 were unchanged, 4 were slightly worse, and none were substantially worse. These data confirm that diseased mucosa can be normalized without resection or substantial loss of vocal function. The putative mechanisms, which vary according to the fluence (energy) delivered by the laser, are photoangiolysis of sublesional microcirculation, denaturing of epithelial basement membrane linking proteins, and cellular destruction. Furthermore, this relatively safe, effective technique allowed for treatment of many patients (in a clinic setting) in whom classic surgery-related morbidity would have often delayed intervention.