gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PC Network Services for Distributed System Design. (1986)

<b>Objectives:</b> The use of image and performance enhancement drugs (IPEDs) in recreational sport represents an emerging public health and societal problem. The present study investigated whether self-affirmation changed exercisers' intentions to use IPEDs, via the effects of mental construal and message acceptance. <b>Method:</b> Sixty-eight exercisers who self-reported IPEDs use participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation or a control group. All participants read a health-related message about the 10 consequences of IPEDs and subsequently completed a survey measuring message acceptance, mental construal, doping intentions and IPEDs-related social cognitive variables. <b>Results:</b> There were no significant differences between the self-affirmed and the control groups. Hierarchical linear regression analysis further showed that message acceptance, subjective norms, and situational temptation were significantly associated with intentions to use IPEDs. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings raise the possibility that for recreational exercisers IPED's use is seen mostly as a health-related matter than a socio-moral transgression.
Advanced intelligent network switch testing without a SLEE (2002)

As advanced intelligent network (AIN) concepts move forward in the public telephone network, unique testing techniques are required for new switching system software that supports AIN. A flexible set of tools has been developed to simulate much of the service logic execution environment (SLEE) functionality and to allow testing of the AIN advanced switch capabilities (ASC) without the presence of a SLEE. The author outlines how these tools have been used to verify the AIN switching software developed for the GTD-5 EAX digital switching system, without the use of a SLEE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Memristive devices and systems (1976)

A broad generalization of memristors--a recently postulated circuit element--to an interesting class of nonlinear dynamical systems called memristive systems is introduced. These systems are unconventional in the sense that while they behave like resistive devices, they can be endowed with a rather exotic variety of dynamic characteristics. While possessing memory and exhibiting small-signal inductive or capacitive effects, they are incapable of energy discharge and they introduce no phase shift between the input and output waveforms. This zero-crossing property gives rise to a Lissajous figure which always passes through the origin. Memristive systems are hysteretic in the sense that their Lissajous figures vary with the excitation frequency. At very low frequencies, memristive systems are indistinguishable from nonlinear resistors while at extremely high frequencies, they reduce to linear resistors. These anomalous properties have misled and prevented the identification of many memristive devices and systems-including the thermistor, the Hodgkin-Huxley membrane circuit model, and the discharge tubes. Generic properties of memristive systems are derived and a canonic dynamical system model is presented along with an explicit algorithm for identifying the model parameters and functions.
Novel precursors for production of 3-hydroxyvalerate-containing poly[(R)-hydroxyalkanoate]s (2014)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with tailored properties are needed to meet consumer demands regarding the use of eco-compatible biobased polymeric materials and relevant plastic items. Inserting 3-hydroxvalerate (3HV) monomeric units in PHA biopolyesters results in poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBHV) copolyesters aimed at their conversion into production of biodegradable eco-friendly plastic items. As inexpensive novel precursor substrate structurally related to 3HV, a mixture of odd-numbered carboxylic acids with 9–17 carbon atoms was produced by oxidative ozonolysis of alkenes. This mixture was successfully applied for biomediated PHBHV production by Cupriavidus necator. Applying this mixture as carbon substrate, a molar 3HV fraction exceeding 0.12 was obtained. The isolated copolyesters featured a low degree of crystallinity, narrow molar mass distribution, and low melting temperatures. These properties should make application of the novel 3HV-precursors interesting for large-scale production of easily processable copolyesters.
Pleiotrophin promotes functional recovery after neural transplantation in rats (2007)

Pleiotrophin promotes survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. To investigate whether pleiotrophin promotes survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons in vivo, donor cells from ventral mesencephalon were treated with pleiotrophin (100 ng/ml) during cell preparation and grafted into striatum of hemi-Parkinson model rats. Functional recovery in methamphetamine-induced rotations was improved, and more tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells survived in the striatum in the pleiotrophin-treated group. Pleiotrophin addition to cells just before transplantation also resulted in better functional recovery; however, no caspase-3 activation was seen during cell preparation. Interestingly, the effect of pleiotrophin on the survival was additive to that of glial-cell line-derived neutropic factor. These results revealed that pleiotrophin had effects on donor cells in neural transplantation in vivo.
Scattering of radio frequency waves by cylindrical filaments with general orientation relative to the magnetic field (2018)

Radio frequency (RF) waves are routinely used in tokamak fusion plasmas for plasma heating, current control, as well as in diagnostics. These waves are excited by antenna structures placed near the tokamak’s wall and they have to propagate through a turbulent layer known as the scrape-off layer, before reaching the core plasma (which is their target). This layer exhibits coherent density fluctuations in the form of filaments and blobs. The scattering processes of RF plane waves by a single filament is studied with the assumption that the filament has a cylindrical shape and infinite length. Furthermore, besides the major toroidal component of the externally imposed magnetic field, there is also a small poloidal magnetic field component. Considering also that the cylindrical filament’s axis is not necessarily aligned with the toroidal direction, the total magnetic field is in general neither aligned with the axis of the cylinder nor with the toroidal direction. The investigation concerns the case of electron cyclotron (EC) waves (of frequency $f_{0}=170~\text{GHz}$ ) for tokamak applications. The study covers a variety of density contrasts between the filament and the ambient plasma, different magnetic field inclinations with respect to the cylinder axis (for the same magnitude of magnetic induction $B=4.5T$ ) and a wide range of filament radii.
Preamble sampling MAC protocols with persistent receivers in wireless sensor networks (2009)

We provide an analytical framework for preamble sampling techniques for MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks, from which we derive closed-form formulas for lifetime and reliability calculations. In addition to take into account transmitter behavior that controls the form and the content of the transmitted preamble, our model also considers receiver behavior that controls the duration of preamble reception in case of successful and failed reception. Along with both transmitter and receiver behavior, our model considers a non-perfect channel and thus takes into account the impacts of transmission errors and retransmissions on lifetime and reliability of preamble sampling protocols. Numerical results show that no protocol is universally optimal; that is, each protocol has its own optimal operation point that depends on the given channel and load conditions.
Painful spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis studied by radiography and single-photon emission computed tomography. (1985)

Planar bone scintigraphy (PBS) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared in 19 adults with radiographic evidence of spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis. SPECT was more sensitive than PBS when used to identify symptomatic patients and sites of "painful" defects in the pars interarticularis. In addition, SPECT allowed more accurate localization than PBS. In 6 patients, spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was unrelated to low back pain, and SPECT images of the posterior neural arch were normal. The authors conclude that when spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis is the cause of low back pain, pars defects are frequently heralded by increased scintigraphic activity which is best detected and localized by SPECT.
Ribociclib and endocrine therapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with HR+/HER2- early breast cancer: Primary results from the phase III NATALEE trial. (2023)

LBA500 Background: RIB + ET has demonstrated significant survival benefits in pre- and postmenopausal pts with HR+/HER2− metastatic BC. To investigate whether RIB + ET also improves outcomes in early BC (EBC), the Phase III NATALEE trial (NCT03701334) evaluated adjuvant RIB + ET in a broad population of pts with stage II or III HR+/HER2− EBC at risk for recurrence, including pts with no nodal involvement (N0). As extended duration of tx is crucial to prolong cell cycle arrest and drive more tumor cells into senescence or death, a 3-y duration of RIB tx at a dose of 400 mg was chosen to improve tolerability while maintaining efficacy. Results from a prespecified interim analysis of invasive disease–free survival (iDFS; primary endpoint) are presented. Methods: Men and pre- or postmenopausal women were randomized 1:1 to RIB (400 mg/day; 3 wk on/1 wk off for 3 y) + ET (letrozole 2.5 mg/day or anastrozole 1 mg/day, for ≥ 5 y) or ET alone. Men and premenopausal women also received goserelin. Eligible pts had an ECOG PS of 0-1 and BC anatomic stage IIA (either N0 with additional risk factors or 1-3 axillary lymph nodes [N1]), stage IIB, or stage III per AJCC (8th ed); prior (neo)adjuvant ET was allowed if initiated ≤ 12 mo before randomization. Stratification factors were menopausal status, disease stage, prior (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, and geographic region. This prespecified interim analysis of iDFS, defined per STEEP criteria, was planned after ≈ 425 iDFS events (≈ 85% of planned total events). iDFS was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods, and statistical comparison was made by a stratified log-rank test, with a protocol-defined Lan-DeMets (O'Brien-Flemming) stopping boundary of a 1-sided P &lt; .0128 for superior efficacy. Results: From 10 Jan 2019 to 20 April 2021, 5101 pts were randomized (RIB+ET, n = 2549; ET alone, n = 2552). As of the data cutoff (11 Jan 2023), median follow-up was 34 mo (min, 21 mo). 3- and 2-y RIB tx was completed by 515 pts (20.2%) and 1449 pts (56.8%), respectively; 3810 (74.7%) remained on study tx (RIB+ET, n = 1984; ET alone, n = 1826). iDFS was evaluated after 426 events (RIB + ET, n = 189; ET alone, n = 237). RIB + ET demonstrated significantly longer iDFS than ET alone (HR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.618-0.906; P = .0014); 3-y iDFS rates were 90.4% vs 87.1%. iDFS benefit was generally consistent across stratification factors and other subgroups. Secondary endpoints of overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and distant disease–free survival consistently favored RIB. RIB at 400 mg had a favorable safety profile with no new signals. Conclusions: Ribociclib added to standard-of-care ET demonstrated a statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvement in iDFS with a well-tolerated safety profile. The NATALEE results support ribociclib + ET as the treatment of choice in a broad population of pts with stage II or III HR+/HER2− EBC, including pts with N0 disease. Clinical trial information: NCT03701334 .
The application of monotone stability to certain saturated feedback interconnections (2002)

Due to the conservatism of the conventional, or affine, small gain theorem, in some situations its use may not give an accurate indication of the true performance achievable in a given system. This is especially true of certain feedback loops with saturation elements present. Here, the recently derived monotone small gain theorem is discussed with respect to these types of system, and it is shown how certain constructions of feedback will guarantee global stability of the interconnection. This result is then applied to two instances where this type of configuration naturally occurs: anti-windup compensation and systems with "soft" output constraints.
Quantised recursive filtering for a class of nonlinear systems with multiplicative noises and missing measurements (2013)

Abstract This article is concerned with the recursive finite-horizon filtering problem for a class of nonlinear time-varying systems subject to multiplicative noises, missing measurements and quantisation effects. The missing measurements are modelled by a series of mutually independent random variables obeying Bernoulli distributions with possibly different occurrence probabilities. The quantisation phenomenon is described by using the logarithmic function and the multiplicative noises are considered to account for the stochastic disturbances on the system states. Attention is focused on the design of a recursive filter such that, for all multiplicative noises, missing measurements as well as quantisation effects, an upper bound for the filtering error covariance is guaranteed and such an upper bound is subsequently minimised by properly designing the filter parameters at each sampling instant. The desired filter parameters are obtained by solving two Riccati-like difference equations that are of a recursive form suitable for online applications. Finally, two simulation examples are exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed filter design scheme. Keywords: nonlinear systemstime-varying systemsmissing measurementsquantisation effectsmultiplicative noisesriccati-like difference equation Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61273156, 61273201, 61104125 and 11271103, National 973 Project under Grant 2009CB320600, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK under Grant GR/S27658/01, the Royal Society of the UK and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.
Cells to Civilizations (2012)

Cells to Civilizations is the first unified account of how life transforms itself--from the production of bacteria to the emergence of complex civilizations. What are the connections between evolving microbes, an egg that develops into an infant, and a child who learns to walk and talk? Award-winning scientist Enrico Coen synthesizes the growth of living systems and creative processes, and he reveals that the four great life transformations--evolution, development, learning, and human culture--while typically understood separately, actually all revolve around shared core principles and manifest the same fundamental recipe. Coen blends provocative discussion, the latest scientific research, and colorful examples to demonstrate the links between these critical stages in the history of life. Coen tells a story rich with genes, embryos, neurons, and fascinating discoveries. He examines the development of the zebra, the adaptations of seaweed, the cave paintings of Lascaux, and the formulations of Alan Turing. He explores how dogs make predictions, how weeds tell the time of day, and how our brains distinguish a Modigliani from a Rembrandt. Locating commonalities in important findings, Coen gives readers a deeper understanding of key transformations and provides a bold portrait for how science both frames and is framed by human culture. A compelling investigation into the relationships between our biological past and cultural progress, Cells to Civilizations presents a remarkable story of living change.
VAL: automatic plan validation, continuous effects and mixed initiative planning using PDDL (2005)

This work describes aspects of our plan validation tool, VAL. The tool was initially developed to support the 3rd International Planning Competition, but has subsequently been extended in order to exploit its capabilities in plan validation and development. In particular, the tool has been extended to include advanced features of PDDL2.1 which have proved important in mixed-initiative planning in a space operations project. Amongst these features, treatment of continuous effects is the most significant, with important effects on the semantic interpretation of plans. The tool has also been extended to keep abreast of developments in PDDL, providing critical support to participants and organisers of the 4th IPC.
Strict Lymphotropism of Epstein-Barr Virus During Acute Infectious Mononucleosis in Nonimmunocompromised Individuals (1997)

Previous investigations of exfoliated oropharyngeal cells from individuals suffering from infectious mononucleosis (IM) suggested that the oropharyngeal epithelia are the primary target and also the site of life-long persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This concept was widely accepted. However, the investigation of histological sections with more sensitive EBV detection techniques has drawn this concept into doubt since EBV proved to be constantly absent in normal epithelial cells. To elucidate the discrepancy, throat washings and peripheral mononuclear blood cells from 16 patients suffering from IM were investigated for EBV-DNA and EBV gene products employing highly sensitive in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction. Although all patients exhibited latently infected B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, samples of exfoliated oropharyngeal cells were constantly EBV-negative with the exception of three cases. In these cases, the patients additionally suffered from purulent ulcerating tonsillitis, EBV-infected B cells, but no EBV-infected epithelial cells were detectable. These findings support the view that recirculating lymphocytes of B-cell origin, but not epithelial cells are the initial target of EBV during primary infection and that B cells also represent the site of life-long viral persistence.
In situ ellipsometry and reflectometry during etching of patterned surfaces: Experiments and simulations (1992)

To address the question whether it is possible to perform in situ end point detection during etching using ellipsometry on patterned wafers, a number of experiments were performed on wafers that were covered with a photoresist line pattern on an oxide-covered silicon substrate. Two situations were investigated, one in which the probe beam was directed parallel to the line pattern, and one in which the probe beam was perpendicular to the lines. For each situation, a separate ellipsometric model was developed. Employing photoresist and SiO2 etch rates measured with blanket wafers, a good fit between the experimental curves and the simulations was obtained. Though the agreement between modeling and experiment is good, it is shown that the applicability of ellipsometry for end point detection on patterned wafers depends on the aspect ratio of etched holes, the selectivity of the etching process, and the pattern factor (the unmasked area fraction of the wafer). For comparison, experiments and simulations were also performed with a laser interferometer at normal incidence. In this case, only the selectivity and the pattern factor are important. It has been shown that the selectivity of the process becomes less important if the derivative of the reflectivity is used as an end point signal instead of the reflectivity itself. To optimize the end point signal for this method the wavelength can be used to maximize the change in the reflectivity slope at the end point of the process.
Preliminary report on phase III RTOG studies of extended-field irradiation in carcinoma of the prostate (1983)

The radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) has conducted two studies testing the value of extended-versus limited-fields in carcinoma of the prostate. RTOG protocol 75-06 tests the value of paraaortic irradiation in patients with locally advanced tumors limited to the pelvis. RTOG protocol 77-06 tests the value of pelvic irradiation in patients with tumors limited to the prostate. Two hundred sixty-eight evaluable patients have been entered on RTOG 75-06, and 219 on RTOG 77-06 prior to 1981. This is a preliminary report on treatment-related morbidity in patients followed for a minimum of 1 year. Treatment-related morbidity has been classified according to a five-grade severity classification schema and correlated with the protocol option assignment in order to determine whether the use of extended fields had an effect on the incidence of side effects. Thirty-one percent of 268 patients on RTOG 75-06 and 34% of 219 patients on RTOG 77-06 had some form of treatment side effects. The majority (over 80%) of these were mild (grade 1 and 2) and by definition did not interfere with the patients' performance (life style). Only three patients on RTOG 75-06 and one on RTOG 77-06 had grade 4 complications (by definition requiring a surgical intervention). No fatal (grade 5) complications have been recorded so far. The use of paraaortic fields in RTOG 75-06 and pelvic fields in RTOG 77-06 have not resulted in a significant increase of GI or GU morbidity at this time. The only statistically significant trend was the incidence of postirradiation genital and lower extremity edema which strongly correlated with the extent of staging lymphadenectomy.
Supplementary Data from Poziotinib Inhibits HER2-Mutant–Driven Therapeutic Resistance and Multiorgan Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Poziotinib Inhibits HER2-Mutant–Driven Therapeutic Resistance and Multiorgan Metastasis in Breast Cancer
FISH OIL AS A POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTOR TO EPIDURAL HEMATOMAFOLLOWING CERVICAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION: A CASE REPORTAND FOCUSED LITERATURE REVIEW (2017)

Fish oil has been anecdotally linked to bleeding complications during interventional spinal procedures. We present a case report involving a cervical epidural hematoma following cervical epidural injection in a patient who has been taking fi sh oil, with detailed literature review. A 49-year-old woman with a previous history of anterior cervical disc fusion at C5-C6 underwent routine cervical epidural injection for neck pain due to a disc herniation below her fusion. Thirty minutes after the procedure, she experienced numbness and tingling in both arms and developed severe pain between her shoulder blades. She was sent to the emergency room and soon developed a left-sided wrist drop. An emergent cervical magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed an epidural hematoma at C6-C7. She underwent emergent surgical decompression of the hematoma through multiple laminectomies at C6, C7, and T1. The surgeon noticed excessive blood oozing through the incision site and left two drains in the wound. She recovered without neurological defi cit. Upon further investigation, it was discovered that she had been taking high doses of over-the-counter fi sh oil. Ingredients in over-the-counter preparations are not regulated or standardized. Fish oil use may predispose a patient to bleeding complications when used in higher doses alone or when used at any dose in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy. The benefi ts of fi sh oil use should be weighed against the potential risk of bleeding with cessation of fi sh oil in patients undergoing spinal interventions. As described by others, signifi cant pain at the site of injection which is unusual and different from the pain experienced in the past as well as complicating factor of loss of resistance technique in closed space must be considered. Finally, rapid diagnosis and intervention avoids neurological defi cit. Key words: Fish oil, omega-3, aspirin, cervical epidural steroid injection, complication, epidural hematoma, literature review