gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some New Sulfonyl- and Trifluoromethylthio-p-benzoquinones. Their Reactions, Polarographic Reduction Potentials, and π Acid Strengths (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome New Sulfonyl- and Trifluoromethylthio-p-benzoquinones. Their Reactions, Polarographic Reduction Potentials, and π Acid StrengthsRichard M. ScribnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3671–3682Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views652Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neuronal major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are implicated in the generation of asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry (2013)

Left-right asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order brain function; however, the molecular basis of brain asymmetry has remained unclear. We have recently demonstrated asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry resulting from the asymmetrical allocation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluR2 (NR2B) in pyramidal cell synapses. This asymmetrical allocation of 2 subunits affects the properties of NMDARs and generates two populations of synapses, '2-dominant' and '2-non-dominant' synapses, according to the hemispheric origin of presynaptic inputs and cell polarity of the postsynaptic neurone. To identify key regulators for generating asymmetries, we analysed the hippocampus of β2-microglobulin (β2m)-deficient mice lacking cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI). Although MHCI proteins are well known in the immune system, accumulating evidence indicates that MHCI proteins are expressed in the brain and are required for activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections and normal synaptic plasticity. We found that β2m proteins were localised in hippocampal synapses in wild-type mice. NMDA EPSCs in β2m-deficient hippocampal synapses receiving inputs from both hemispheres showed similar sensitivity to Ro 25-6981, an 2 subunit-selective antagonist, with those in '2-dominant' synapses for both the apical and basal synapses of pyramidal neurones. The structural features of the β2m-deficient synapse in addition to the relationship between the stimulation frequency and synaptic plasticity were also comparable to those of '2-dominant' synapses. These observations indicate that the β2m-deficient hippocampus lacks '2-non-dominant' synapses and circuit asymmetries. Our findings provide evidence supporting a critical role of MHCI molecules for generating asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry.
Influence of the Diet on the Metabolism of Acetaldehyde in Rats (1976)

Abstract The acetaldehyde dehydrogenases of rat liver, the hepatic output of acetaldehyde and the rate of ethanol elimination were studied in two groups of female Sprague‐Dawley rats fed on two different commercial standard diets (diet 1 and diet 2). The activity of the mitochondrial low‐K m enzyme was 2–3 times lower in rats fed on diet 1 as compared to rats fed on diet 2, whereas only slight differences were found in the activities of the high‐K m enzymes in the mitochondrial, the microsomal and the cytosol fractions. No differences were observed between the two groups in the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase or malic enzyme. The rate of ethanol elimination was 15 % lower, and the acetaldehyde level in the blood was 2–4 times higher in rats fed on diet 1 as compared to rats fed on diet 2. When the diets were interchanged between the two groups, the activity of the low‐K m enzyme increased or decreased twofold within 12 hrs. Starvation increased the activity of the low‐K m enzyme in rats fed on diet 1, but had no effect on the activity in rats fed on diet 2. The results suggest that diet 1 contains an inhibitor of the low‐K m enzyme, and that dietary factors may be of importance in the regulation of the hepatic output of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism.
Unveiling microbial life in new deep‐sea hypersaline Lake Thetis . Part I: Prokaryotes and environmental settings (2011)

In September 2008, an expedition of the RV Urania was devoted to exploration of the genomic richness of deep hypersaline anoxic lakes (DHALs) located in the Western part of the Mediterranean Ridge. Approximately 40 nautical miles SE from Urania Lake, the presence of anoxic hypersaline lake, which we named Thetis, was confirmed by swath bathymetry profiling and through immediate sampling casts. The brine surface of the Thetis Lake is located at a depth of 3258 m with a thickness of ≈ 157 m. Brine composition was found to be thalassohaline, saturated by NaCl with a total salinity of 348‰, which is one of highest value reported for DHALs. Similarly to other Mediterranean DHALs, seawater-brine interface of Thetis represents a steep pycno- and chemocline with gradients of salinity, electron donors and acceptors and posseses a remarkable stratification of prokaryotic communities, observed to be more metabolically active in the upper interface where redox gradient was sharper. [(14) C]-bicarbonate fixation analysis revealed that microbial communities are sustained by sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic primary producers that thrive within upper interface. Besides microaerophilic autotrophy, heterotrophic sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation are likely the predominant processes driving the ecosystem of Thetis Lake.
Finite-Time Stabilization of the Generalized Bouc–Wen Model for Piezoelectric Systems (2022)

When designing controllers for piezoelectric systems with hysteresis, usually simplified models are used. This can lead to inaccuracies in the closed-loop system response. In this letter, we pose the problem of tracking stabilization of piezoelectric systems using the generalized Bouc-Wen model, a highly non-linear system rarely used to design controllers. Besides, we consider only partially knowledge of one hysteresis system parameter and external disturbances in all the system states. We propose an interconnected control composed of three parts for the solution: an observer, a virtual hysteresis control, and actuator control. It is demonstrated that the closed-loop system converges in finite time. Simulation experiments were carried out, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach despite exogenous and unknown disturbances.
OR11: QUANTIFYING SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES WITH A COMPUTERIZED SURGICAL TRAINING SYSTEM (2010)

Introduction: Most surgeons agree on basic parameters defining a successful joint replacement procedure. However, the process of acquiring the skills to achieve this level of success on a reproducible basis is much less straightforward. In reality, it is generally not possible to impart surgical training without some level of risk to the patient, particularly if a particular trainee or procedure has a long learning curve. In an attempt to address these issues, we have developed a new computer-based training system to measure the technical results of hip and knee replacement surgery in both the operating room and the Bioskills Lab. Description of the System: This system utilizes Surgical Navigation technology combined with data analysis and display routines to monitor the position and alignment of instruments and implants during the procedure in comparison with a preoperative plan. For bioskills training, the surgeon develops a preoperative plan on a computer workstation using accurate 3D computer models of the bones and appropriate implants. The surgeon then performs the entire procedure using the cadaver or sawbone model. During the procedure, the position and orientation of the bones, each surgical instrument, and the trial components are measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Through analysis of this data, the surgeon is able to view each step of the surgical procedure, the placement of each instrument with respect to each bone, and the consequences of each surgical decision in terms of the final placement of the prosthetic components When errors are detected in the implementation of the preoperative plan, the surgeon is able to replay each step of the procedure to examine the precise placement of each instrument with respect to each bone and the consequences of each surgical decision in terms of leg length, alignment and range-of-motion. Conclusions: This system allows us to measure the technical success of a surgical procedure in terms of quantifiable geometric, spatial, kinematic or kinetic parameters. It also provides postoperative feedback to the surgeon by demonstrating the specific contributions of each step of the surgical procedure to deviations in final alignment or soft tissue instability. This approach allows surgeons to be trained outside the operating room prior to patient exposure. Once these skills have been developed, the surgeon is able to operate freely in the operating room without the risks associated with traditional surgical training, or the expense associated with intraoperative Surgical Navigation. The value of this approach in the training and accreditation of orthopedic staff warrants further investigation.
A new approach to shimming: The dynamically controlled adaptive current network (2013)

An approach to control the shape of a current distribution over a single surface has been described. This method has the potential to improve field homogeneity over any desired region of interest and is particularly well suited for dynamic applications. The method is feasible with current technology and construction techniques.
Interactions at the organic/inorganic interface: molecular design of crystallization inhibitors for barite (1993)

The effect of additives on synthetic barite crystals, prepared under conditions chosen to mimic those encountered in off-shore oil fields. has been extensively studied. The addition of certain stereochemically related diphosphonates a characteristic morphology change which has been shown to be consistent with a binding model in which the diphosphonate ion replaces two sulfate ions in the (011) surface. A detailed understanding of the recognition processes involved has now led to the rational design of new surface-active molecules with greatly improved efficacy, and a greater appreciation of the factors influencing morphological changes resulting from inhibitor interference.
On the latest field deployments of LineScout Technology on live transmission networks (2012)

LineScout is a transmission line inspection robot developed by Hydro-Québec. In operation since 2006, it has been deployed on a few major grids throughout the world. Over the years, the technology has demonstrated its value for grid operators, notably by contributing to the reliability, the sustainability and the availability of transmission networks. This paper presents the latest developments and adapted systems implemented on LineScout as well as a summary on some field deployments performed over the last two years.
Testing and Fault Tolerance of Multistage Interconnection Networks (1982)

Test length is independent of network size in this simple, straightforward methodology for testing MINs (multistage interconnection networks). It requires only four test sequences for single-fault diagnosis. 26 references.
Changes in salivary hormones, immunoglobulin A, and C-reactive protein in response to ultra-endurance exercises (2013)

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the exercise duration on the changes in salivary stress markers in response to ultra-endurance exercises. The study was developed in 2 ultra-endurance exercise tests: the Ultra-trail Serra de Tramuntana (UTST), a 104 km ultra-marathon competition (n = 64) and the 25 km Cabrera Open Water Race (COWR) (n = 43). Participants in the COWR completed the 25 km at a constant pace of 3 km/h (3K group) or 2.5 km /h (2.5K group). Saliva samples were taken before and after the exercises. Salivary flow rate as well as cortisol, testosterone, C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were measured. Salivary flow rate decreased after the UTST but increased after the COWR. The UTST induced significant increases in cortisol and CRP levels and decreases in testosterone and IgA levels. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the time the athletes took to complete the exercise and the changes in salivary cortisol. After the COWR, higher increases in salivary cortisol levels were observed in the 3K group than in the 2.5K group. A significant effect of exercise decreasing testosterone and IgA levels was observed in both groups. No changes in the CRP levels were observed during the COWR. In conclusion, shorter times to complete the ultra-endurance exercise were associated with higher increases in cortisol. However, no relationships were found between the time to complete the exercises and the changes in testosterone, CRP, and IgA levels.
Shape of liquid drops moving in liquid media (1966)

Abstract An investigation of the effects of various physical properties, drop size, and drop velocity on drop shape was carried out for nonoscillating liquid drops falling through stationary liquid continuous phases. The data of forty‐five dispersed‐continuous phase systems were studied with continuous phase viscosities varying from 0.3 to 46 centipoise and interfacial tensions varying from 0.3 to 42 dyne/cm. A theoretical relation was obtained from the Taylor and Acrivos analysis which quite accurately predicts drop eccentricities for drop Reynolds numbers less than about 20, but is highly inaccurate at higher Reynolds numbers. Relatively simple empirical relations involving the Weber number, Eötvös number, and viscosity ratio were obtained which enable the prediction of the eccentricity of nonoscillating drops over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (6.0 to 1,354) with average deviations of 6 to 8%. These relations may be useful in the estimation of the interfacial area, velocity, and continuous phase mass transfer coefficient of drops distorted from spherical shape.
Budgethilfe in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der EU (2005)

"In Deutschland hat die Entwicklungspolitik der Europäischen Union (EU) keinen guten Ruf. Immer wieder finden Klagen über ihre angebliche Ineffizienz den Weg in die Presse. Dabei gibt es nur wenige sorgfältige Untersuchungen über die Leistungsfähigkeit des Gebers EU - insbesondere im Vergleich zu anderen Gebern. Die vorliegende Studie schließt diese Lücke zumindest für einen wichtigen Teil der gegenwärtigen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit: Budgethilfe. Budgethilfen sollen die Effizienz, Effektivität und Signifikanz der EZ steigern. Dabei hängt der Erfolg oder Misserfolg des Instruments sowohl von den Rahmenbedingungen in den Partnerländern als auch von der Einbettung der Budgethilfe in die Programme der Partner ab. Fragen der Ausgestaltung von Budgethilfen rücken zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion. Die Studie arbeitet die zentralen Elemente des EU-Budgethilfekonzepts heraus und analysiert sie im Hinblick auf die Ziele und Risiken der Budgethilfevergabe. Ferner wird untersucht, inwieweit das EU-Budgethilfekonzept tatsächlich umgesetzt wird. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die EU bei der Vergabe von Budgethilfe sowohl konzeptionell fundiert als auch seriös agiert." (Autorenreferat)
Human–Robot Cognitive Interaction (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to human–robot interaction cHRI using bioelectrical monitoring of brain activity cHRI through bioelectrical monitoring of muscle activity (EMG) cHRI through biomechanical monitoring Case Study: lower limb exoskeleton control based on learned gait patterns Case Study: identification and tracking of involuntary human motion based on biomechanical data Case Study: cortical control of neuroprosthetic devices Case Study: gesture and posture recognition using WSNs References
Artificial Intelligence-based 5G network capacity planning and operation (2015)

The highly demanding requirements envisaged for future 5G networks together with the required support of new customers from vertical industries (e.g. e-health, automotive, energy) pose a big challenge for operators in 5G on how to balance investments, user experience and profitability. There will be the need to revisit the actual methodologies of network planning and operation, fully exploiting cognitive capabilities that embrace knowledge and intelligence to achieve a proper understanding of the network usage in multiple dimensions. In this respect, this paper presents a vision on how these planning and operation processes can rely on the inclusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts that will allow devising models to characterize the impact of many correlated inputs on specific operator objectives and to drive decisions for different processes.
Excitonic absorption saturation in ternary alloy AlxGa1−xAs/AlAs multiple-quantum-well structures (1991)

The bleaching of the n=1 and n=2 heavy-hole exciton absorption has been observed at room temperature in ternary alloy Al0.37Ga0.63As/AlAs multiple-quantum-well structures by nanoseconds pump-and-probe spectroscopy. The relative variation of the absorption coefficient [(−Δα)/α0] are about 15% and 8%, respectively. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (α2) and the nonlinear absorption cross section has been deduced. The value of the saturation density deduced from our spectra is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The influence of the staggered band alignment on the observed process is also discussed.
Genetic Engineering of Dendritic Cells by Adenovirus-Mediated TNF-α Gene Transfer (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). They migrate as precursors from the bone marrow into various organs, where they usually reside in an inactive state (1). However, during this regional residency, these cells can efficiently endocytose and process antigens (2). Upon activation, they undergo a differentiation process that results in decreased antigen-processing capacity and enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules, after which they migrate to the lymphoid organs to interact with or activate naive T cells (3,4). Because of the critical roles DCs have in the generation of primary immune responses, an important avenue of investigation is their potential for modulating immunologic functions, such as the induction of immune tolerance or tumor immunity. Recently, it has been shown that DCs pulsed with tumor-derived MHC class I-restricted peptides or tumor lysates are able to induce significant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-dependent antitumor immune responses in vitro as well as in vivo (5-7). However, the therapeutic efficiency of these DC vaccine strategies has been quite limited, because they have protected against rechallenge with only small numbers of parental tumor cells or inhibited very earlystage-established tumors. Thus, a strategic goal of current cancer vaccine research has become the induction of stronger tumor-specific CTL responses.
Image-based motion control for the bending section of a colonoscope (2007)

An image guidance control system for colonoscopy is investigated with a dynamic model for the bending section. The lumen image is used to orient the colonoscope tip for tracking as the instrument moves through the colon. Simulation results show control system stability. By automating tip orientation it is expected to reduce doctor training times, improve the efficiency of operations, and reduce surgical errors. Relieving the medical professional from controlling tip orientation should enable greater proficiency in inspecting the lining of the colon for diagnostics and operations, such as biopsy.
Anodic Activation of Sulfur in Organic Solvents (1994)

The electro‐oxidation of sulfur in polar organic media is reported at room temperature, the first such report under these conditions. Electroanalytical techniques such as current‐potential curves, coulometry, and mirage effect demonstrated the formation of an electrophilic species S2+ (consumption of sixteen moles of electrons per mole of ). At room temperature S2+ appears sufficiently stable in solution to be used as a reagent to prepare thio‐organic compounds in the presence of nucleophiles.
Influence of fixation conditions on the performance of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valves: towards a more scientific basis. (1979)

To maintain optimum mechanical properties in glutaraldehyde-treated heart-valve tissue the full collagen crimp geometry originally present in the relaxed fresh tissue should be retained. By varying the pressure at which glutaraldehyde fixation is carried out, considerable alterations to this crimp geometry can be achieved. The mechanical stiffness of the preserved tissue is consequently affected, and this in turn has a striking influence on both the opening behaviour of the valve and the degree of strain localisation in the leaflet tissue. A pressure of 100 mmHg eliminated the collagen crimp geometry entirely, and this resulted in the formation of sites of local strain or kinks in the valve leaflets during opening. It is expected that this strain localisation phenomenon will influence the long-term fatigue durability of the treated tissue. Pressures even as low as 4 mmHg result in significant reductions of crimp geometry. Fresh valves should therefore be fixed under a positive head of pressure sufficient only to ensure that the leaflets seal along their coapting free margins. A pressure of less than 1 mmHg was sufficient to achieve this. Leaflets of the commercially available Hancock valve show features similar to valves fixed in glutaraldehyde at about 100 mmHg pressure.
Towards the analog quantum simulation of field theories with trapped ions (2022)

The 53rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics will take place from May 30 – June 3, 2022 in Orlando, Fl, USA. <a href="https://morressier.zoom.us/j/89880865272?pwd=SWxTRGhra1ZOSDBrSkhVZDBzVDR6UT09/">Virtual Presenter Help Desk</a>