gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐790: Validation of 4D Measurement‐Guided Dose Reconstruction (MGDR) with OCTAVIUS 4D System (2015)

Purpose: To validate the MGDR of OCTAVIUS 4D system (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for quality assurance (QA) of volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT). Methods: 4D‐MGDR measurements were divided into two parts: 1) square fields from 2×2 to 25×25 cm 2 at 0°, 10° and 45° gantry, and 2) 8 VMAT plans (5 nasopharyngeal and 3 prostate) collapsed to gantry 40° in QA mode in Monaco v5.0 (Elekta, CMS, Maryland Heights, MO) were delivered on the OCTAVIUS 4D phantom with the OCTAVIUS 1500 detector plane perpendicular to either the incident beam to obtain the reconstructed dose (OCTA4D) or the 0° gantry axis to obtain the raw doses (OCTA3D) in Verisoft 6.1 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). Raw measurements of OCTA3D were limited to &lt; 45° gantry to avoid &gt;0.5% variation of detector angular response with respect to 0° gantry as determined previously. Reconstructed OCTA4D and raw OCTA3D doses for all plans were compared at the same detector plane using γ criteria of 2% (local dose)/2mm and 3%/3mm criteria. Results: At gantry 0° and 10°, the γ results for all OCTA4D on detector plane coinciding with OCTA3D were over 90% at 2%/2mm except for the largest field (25×25 cm 2 ) showing &gt;88%. For square field at 45° gantry, γ passing rate is &gt; 90% for fields smaller than 15x 15cm2 but &lt; 80% for field size of 20 x20 cm 2 upward. For VMAT, γ results showed 94% and 99% passing rate at 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm, respectively. Conclusion: OCTAVIUS 4D system has compromised accuracy in reconstructing dose away from the central beam axis, possibly due to the off‐axis softening correction and errors of the percent depth dose data necessary as input for MGDR. Good results in VMAT delivery suggested that the system is relatively reliable for VMAT with small segments.
The small heat shock protein hsp27 increases invasiveness but decreases motility of breast cancer cells. (1997)

The small heat shock protein hsp27 is often expressed at high levels in clinical breast tumors; however, its biological role in this disease still remains unclear. Several laboratories have recently shown that hsp27 expression is associated with aggressive tumor behavior. We hypothesized that hsp27 may influence the metastatic tumor process since this is part of tumor 'aggressiveness'. Therefore, we stably transfected breast cancer cell lines with sense (MDA-MB-231) and antisense (MDA-MB-435) hsp27 constructs, respectively, and examined various cellular aspects associated with the metastatic process. We found that hsp27-overexpressing clones lost their protrusive morphology, but exhibited higher membrane ruffling as compared to low expressing cells. hsp27 overexpression also resulted in decreased cell motility, but invasiveness, adhesion, and growth in Matrigel were all significantly increased. Conversely, antisense suppression of hsp27 expression resulted in increased cell motility, but decreased in vitro invasiveness. The direct correlation of hsp27 levels with metastasis was confirmed by an in vivo assay measuring the number of lung metastases in mice injected with hsp27-transfected cells. Thus, we conclude that hsp27 overexpression may influence the invasive and metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells.
Functional characterisation of high frequency arrays based on micro-moulded 1–3 piezocomposites (2009)

A clinical need exists for high frequency ultrasound arrays that can provide improved image quality compared to the single-element transducers currently used in real-time high resolution imaging systems. Miniature arrays based on fine-scale piezocomposites are required for sufficiently sensitive imaging systems. In this paper we report fabrication and functional characterization of prototype linear arrays suitable for high frequency imaging. Array electrodes have been patterned photolithographically on the surface of micro-moulded 1–3 piezocomposites with processes than can be scaled for linear arrays operating at 100 MHz. Functional testing of arrays with 50 µm and 15 µm pitch demonstrates feasibility of this approach.
Tracing Acetylene Dissolved in Transformer Oil by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrum (2017)

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is widely used in monitoring and diagnosing of power transformer, since the insulation material in the power transformer decomposes gases under abnormal operation condition. Among the gases, acetylene, as a symbol of low energy spark discharge and high energy electrical faults (arc discharge) of power transformer, is an important monitoring parameter. The current gas detection method used by the online DGA equipment suffers from problems such as cross sensitivity, electromagnetic compatibility and reliability. In this paper, an optical gas detection system based on TDLAS technology is proposed to detect acetylene dissolved in transformer oil. We selected a 1530.370 nm laser in the near infrared wavelength range to correspond to the absorption peak of acetylene, while using the wavelength modulation strategy and Herriott cell to improve the detection precision. Results show that the limit of detection reaches 0.49 ppm. The detection system responds quickly to changes of gas concentration and is easily to maintenance while has no electromagnetic interference, cross-sensitivity, or carrier gas. In addition, a complete detection process of the system takes only 8 minutes, implying a practical prospect of online monitoring technology.
The Expanding Role of MBD Genes in Autism: Identification of a MECP2 Duplication and Novel Alterations in MBD5, MBD6, and SETDB1 (2012)

The methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) gene family was first linked to autism over a decade ago when Rett syndrome, which falls under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), was revealed to be predominantly caused by MECP2 mutations. Since that time, MECP2 alterations have been recognized in idiopathic ASD patients by us and others. Individuals with deletions across the MBD5 gene also present with ASDs, impaired speech, intellectual difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and epilepsy. These findings suggest that further investigations of the MBD gene family may reveal additional associations related to autism. We now describe the first study evaluating individuals with ASD for rare variants in four autosomal MBD family members, MBD5, MBD6, SETDB1, and SETDB2, and expand our initial screening in the MECP2 gene. Each gene was sequenced over all coding exons and evaluated for copy number variations in 287 patients with ASD and an equal number of ethnically matched control individuals. We identified 186 alterations through sequencing, approximately half of which were novel (96 variants, 51.6%). We identified 17 ASD specific, nonsynonymous variants, four of which were concordant in multiplex families: MBD5 Tyr1269Cys, MBD6 Arg883Trp, MECP2 Thr240Ser, and SETDB1 Pro1067del. Furthermore, a complex duplication spanning of the MECP2 gene was identified in two brothers who presented with developmental delay and intellectual disability. From our studies, we provide the first examples of autistic patients carrying potentially detrimental alterations in MBD6 and SETDB1, thereby demonstrating that the MBD gene family potentially plays a significant role in rare and private genetic causes of autism.
Paradoxical reactions elicited by diazepam in children with classic autism. (1988)

Administration of diazepam (10 mg i.m.) to seven children (two girls and five boys) affected by infantile autism elicited paradoxical behavioural responses. Mainly, anxiogenic effect, unsocialized aggressive behaviour and explosive aggression were dramatically increased in comparison with the same symptoms present before and after treatment. The results show for the first time that benzodiazepines may elicit paradoxical behavioural response in autistic children. The possible involvement of an altered function at the level of GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex is discussed.
Alternative Splicing of the Adenylyl Cyclase Stimulatory G-protein Gαs Is Regulated by SF2/ASF and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) and Involves the Use of an Unusual TG 3′-Splice Site (2002)

The factors involved in regulating alternative splicing of the human adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G-protein G alpha(s) in different cell types remain undefined. We have designed a G alpha(s) minigene that retains the signals required for G alpha(s) alternative splicing in vivo. Employing transient transfection of human myometrial smooth muscle cells and HeLa cells, as well as in vitro splicing assays, we have provided evidence that the antagonistic splicing factors SF2/ASF and hnRNPA1 act as potent regulators of G alpha(s) isoform expression in these cells. Both SF2/ASF and hnRNPA1 control the selection of competing 5'-splice sites and respectively promote inclusion or skipping of the small cassette-type exon 3 of G alpha(s) transcripts, resulting in the generation of G alpha(s)-long and G alpha(s)-short mRNA isoforms. We have also provided evidence that SF2/ASF and hnRNPA1 play a role in 3'-splice site selection involving the use of a non-canonical TG 3'-splice site preceding exon 4. Using a score-matrix analysis to identify putative exonic enhancer sequences (ESEs), we found multiple high score ESE motifs for SF2/ASF, SC35, and SRp40 in exon 3 of G alpha(s). These results suggest that tissue-specific expression of SF2/ASF and hnRNPA1 governs the expression of alternative isoforms of G alpha(s) in these different cells types.
Information quality dimensions for the social web (2012)

User generated content has become a valuable part of the Social Web, and high quality web content is used to influence buying decisions in a growing number of business domains. Numerous information quality frameworks have been proposed in the last years. Since 1989 at least twenty frameworks were written concerning information quality in different contexts. Most of these frameworks have been developed for databases or data warehousing in a business context. But information quality has also gained vital importance for collaboratively created content in the so-called Web 2.0. Based on literature reviews, recent publications, and Grounded Theory research on Web 2.0 sites, we propose an extended set and a new classification of information quality dimensions for the Social Web in general. Our comprehensive list of information quality dimensions can be applied to the engineering, analysis, and management of digital ecosystems and serves as a base for future research in this area.
Explorations in automatic image annotation using textual features (2009)

In this paper, we report our work on automatic image annotation by combining several textual features drawn from the text surrounding the image. Evaluation of our system is performed on a dataset of images and texts collected from the web. We report our findings through comparative evaluation with two gold standard collections of manual annotations on the same dataset.
A trans-acting major histocompatibility complex-linked gene whose alleles determine gain and loss changes in the antigenic structure of a classical class I molecule. (1989)

The RT1.A locus of the rat MHC encodes the H chain of the single classical class I molecule of this species. One of the alleles of this polymorphic locus, RT1.Aa, is present in several laboratory inbred, congenic, and MHC recombinant rat strains. Studies of the RT1.Aa class I molecule from a number of these strains as a target for CTL show that its antigenicity, both as an alloantigen and a restricting element, is subject to gain and loss alterations by the action of a gene mapping in the MHC to the right of RT1.A. This locus is apparently present in two allelic forms (one possibly a null allele) corresponding to the presence or absence of a dominant transacting modifier, and has been named class I modification, or cim. The antigenic change brought about by cim is scarcely detectable serologically but highly immunogenic for CTL. Biochemical investigations show that cim affects the post-translational modification of RT1.Aa.
The synthesis and characterization of novel 2‐nitrobenzyl sulfonate photo‐generators of acid (1992)

Abstract Methodology was developed for the synthesis of novel 2‐substituted o‐nitrobenzyl chromophores, which were derivatized as the tosylate esters. The thermal stabilities of these new tosylates fell within the range predicted from an empirical model. Lithographic sensitivities of deep UV resists made from these new esters and poly(4‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyloxy)styrene‐sulfone) ranged from 45 to 90 mJ/cm 2 .
Der kumulative Einfluss der Parität auf den BMI in einem großen nicht-selektierten niedersächsischen Kollektiv (2020)

Zielsetzung Mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 20% in den Industrieländern ist Adipositas ein Hauptrisikofaktor für Krankheiten und eine verminderte Lebensqualität. Sie stellt aufgrund der erhöhten perinatalen Komplikationsrate eine große Herausforderung für Geburtshelfer während der Schwangerschaft und Geburt dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Parität und Schwangerschafts- sowie Geburtsrisiken und dem BMI von Frauen einer großen niedersächsischen Kohorte zu untersuchen.
Field-Test Results of the AN/GSC-10 (KATHRYN) Digital Data Terminal (1969)

The AN/GSC-10 (KATHRYN) is a digital data terminal for use on high-frequency radio circuits. In this paper, error rate and redundancy performance are discussed. Experimental data resulting from a cross-country field test are presented.
OPTICALLY-INDUCED REFRACTIVE INDEX INHOMOGENEITIES IN LiNbO3 AND LiTaO3 (1966)

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Impact of Built Environments on Body Weight (the Moving to Health Study): Protocol for a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study (2020)

DERR1-10.2196/16787.
Trends in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in Lothian, south-east Scotland, from 1990 to 2009 (2012)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of retinal vascular development in premature infants and is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Dhaliwal et al conducted a prospective, population-based study looking at the incidence of ROP in the Lothian region of south-east Scotland from 1990 to 2004 and found the following1: 

Treatment criteria for ROP have changed in Lothian …
A Novel Patient-specific Protein Expression-based Algorithmic Model for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy Response Prediction in a Pan-cancer Cohort (2019)

Background: Accurate prediction of patients&amp;rsquo; response to therapy is clinically indispensable, howbeit challenging. With increased understanding of the human genome and malignancies, there is the renaissance of in silico pharmacogenomics with renewed interest in drug response predictability based on gene-drug interaction. Objective: Evidence-based transcript-proteome profiling is essential for synthesizing clinically applicable algorithms for predicting response to anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICBT); thus, saving physicians&amp;rsquo; time, reducing polypharmacy, and curtailing unnecessary treatment expense. In this study, we tested and validated the hypothesis that a selected proteomic signature in ICBT-na&amp;iuml;ve patients is sufficient for the prediction of response to ICBT. Methods: Using a multimodal approach consisting of computational pharmacogenomics, transcript-proteome analytics, mathematical modeling, and machine learning systems; we delineated therapy-sensitivity and stratified patients into graduated response groups based on their proteomic profile. Protein expression levels in our cohort tissue specimens were evaluated based on T cell- and non-T cell- inflamed phenotypes by immunohistochemistry. Results: We established &amp;beta;-catenin, PDL1, CD3 and CD8 expression-based ICBT response model. Statistical regression models validated the predictive association between our predefined algorithms and therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, our 4-gene prediction classifier was constitutively independent of tumor tissue origin, correctly stratified patients into high-, low-, and non- responders pre-treatment, with high prediction accuracy, and exhibited good association with patients&amp;rsquo; performance status and prognosis (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the possibility of accurate proteomics based ICBT response prediction and provide a putative basis for drug response prediction based on selective proteome profile in untreated cancer patients.
Total Synthesis of the Galbulimima Alkaloid (±)-GB 13 (2010)

The synthesis of alkaloid GB 13 (4), isolated from the North Australian rain forest tree Galbulimima belgraveana is described. Birch reductive alkylation of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid by 3-methoxybenzyl bromide, followed by an acid-catalyzed cyclization was used to synthesize the [3.3.1]bicyclononane 12. Ring contraction performed on the diazoketone 19 followed by a Diels–Alder reaction generated a pentacyclic intermediate 34 with a carbon skeleton closely resembling the target alkaloid. The surplus nitrile substituent, required for activation and regioselectivity in the Diels–Alder reaction, was removed by treatment with lithium and liquid ammonia. Birch reduction of the aromatic ring could be performed at the same time to give diene 38 and thence enone 41, which was cleaved by means of an Eschenmoser fragmentation. The piperidine ring found in the natural product was formed by reductive cyclization of bis-oxime 49 derived from the alkynyl ketone 48 and the resulting material further elaborated to GB 13.
Two-Dimensional Regulation of CAR-T Cell Therapy with Orthogonal Switches (2018)

Use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) as the basis of targeted adoptive T cell therapies has enabled dramatic efficacy against multiple hematopoietic malignancies, but potency against bulky and solid tumors has lagged, potentially due to insufficient CAR-T cell expansion and persistence. To improve CAR-T cell efficacy, we utilized a potent activation switch based on rimiducid-inducible MyD88 and CD40 (iMC)-signaling elements. To offset potential toxicity risks by this enhanced CAR, an orthogonally regulated, rapamycin-induced, caspase-9-based safety switch (iRC9) was developed to allow <i>in vivo</i> elimination of CAR-T cells. iMC costimulation induced by systemic rimiducid administration enhanced CAR-T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and antitumor efficacy in both <i>in vitro</i> assays and xenograft tumor models. Conversely, rapamycin-mediated iRC9 dimerization rapidly induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion as an approach to mitigate therapy-related toxicity. This novel, regulatable dual-switch system may promote greater CAR-T cell expansion and prolonged persistence in a drug-dependent manner while providing a safety switch to mitigate toxicity concerns.
Exercise over-stress and maximal muscle oxidative metabolism: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy case report (2005)

Acute increases in intensity accompanied by a change in exercise mode can influence the ability of muscle to generate ATP. The muscles were less economical and required more ATP to generate force during the submaximal exercises. During the maximal exercises, the muscle's mitochondria showed a reduced oxidative capacity. However, these reductions in oxidative capacity at the muscle level were not associated with changes in whole body maximal oxygen uptake. Finally, these reductions in muscular oxidative capacity were accompanied by increased rates of anaerobic ATP production, fatigue, and indicators of exercise difficulty.
Microdefects and minority carrier diffusion lengths in II-VI wide-gap semiconductors (1998)

This paper evaluates the crystallinity of ZnSe semiconductor crystals (grown on the GaAs substrate by MBE), which are a suitable material for blue LD devices from the viewpoints of carrier diffusion length (lifetime) and microdefects, which are important parameters of the device. The effects of doping, lattice mismatch, n- and p-impurities, and the introduced amount on the crystallinity are investigated. As a result of experiments, it is seen that there exists the recombination center (HI level) related to the active nitrogen as the impurity, in addition to the effects of the mixed crystal and lattice mismatch, especially in the p-type ZnSe, which produces a remarkable degradation of the crystallinity (carrier diffusion length and the lifetime). © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(10): 55–64, 1998
The Potential of Nanomedicine to Alter Cancer Stem Cell Dynamics: The Impact of Extracellular Vesicles (2020)

The presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumors as drivers of metastatic spread has been commonly accepted. Nonetheless, the likelihood of its dynamic phenotype has been strongly discussed. Importantly, intratumoral cell-to-cell communication seems to act as the main regulatory mechanism of CSC reversion. Today, new strategies for cancer treatment focusing into modulating tumor cell intercommunication and the possibility to modulate the composition of the tumor microenvironment are being explored. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the phenomenon of CSC reversion and the factors known to influence this phenotypic switch. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible role of nanomedicine toward altering this reversion, and to influence the tumor microenvironment composition and the metastatic spread of the disease.
Cloning and mapping of the porcine cytochrome‐p450 2E1 gene and its association with skatole levels in the domestic pig (2005)

The porcine cytochrome-p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene was isolated by screening a pig BAC library and partially sequenced. This sequence information was used to identify six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CYP2E1 gene and its promoter. In addition, a microsatellite marker tightly linked to the CYP2E1 gene was subcloned from the BAC. One of these markers was used to map the CYP2E1 gene distal of SWC27 on SSC14, well outside reported quantitative trait loci on SSC14 for skatole, indole and taste test measures of boar taint. However, in a population of commercial pigs scored for backfat skatole levels, there was evidence of association between a SNP in the CYP2E1 promoter and skatole deposition, although there was no significant association between this SNP and skatole levels in the experimental cross.
System identification of the nonlinear dynamics in the thalamocortical circuit in response to patterned thalamic microstimulationin vivo (2013)

The development of nonlinear dynamical models of neural circuitry will guide information delivery for sensory prosthesis applications, and more generally reveal properties of population coding within neural circuits.