gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A boron phosphate-phosphoric acid composite membrane for medium temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2015)

A composite membrane based on a non-stoichiometric composition of BPO4 with excess of PO4 (BPOx) was synthesised and characterised for medium temperature fuel cell use (120–180 °C). The electrolyte was characterised by FTIR, SS-NMR, TGA and XRD and showed that the B–O is tetrahedral, in agreement with reports in the literature that boron phosphorus oxide compounds at B:P < 1 are exclusively built of borate and phosphate tetrahedra. Platinum micro electrodes were used to study the electrolyte compatibility and stability towards oxygen reduction at 150 °C and to obtain kinetic and mass transport parameters. The conductivities of the pure BPOx membrane electrolyte and a Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-4BPOx composite membrane were 7.9 × 10−2 S cm−1 and 4.5 × 10−2 S cm−1 respectively at 150 °C, 5%RH. Fuel cell tests showed a significant enhancement in performance of BPOx over that of typical 5.6H3PO4-PBI membrane electrolyte. The enhancement is due to the improved ionic conductivity (3×), a higher exchange current density of the oxygen reduction (30×) and a lower membrane gas permeability (10×). Fuel cell current densities at 0.6 V were 706 and 425 mA cm−2 for BPOx and 5.6H3PO4-PBI, respectively, at 150 °C with O2 (atm).
Correlation channel estimation in pixel-domain distributed video coding (2009)

The paper addresses an essential problem in distributed video coding (DVC) which is modeling and estimation of the correlation channel. Current works assume the distribution of the correlation noise to be independent from the realization of the side-information. The paper demonstrates that this assumption is inaccurate and proposes a novel model which depends on the realization of the side-information. The proposed model is experimentally validated showing remarkable accuracy over conventional models. Driven by the side-information-dependency of the proposed model, a novel technique for estimating the correlation channel in video at the decoder is introduced. The proposed technique is incorporated into a unidirectional spatial-domain DVC system achieving similar performance compared to the state-of-the-art transform-domain DVC at a much lower encoding complexity.
Kidney dysfunction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (2016)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both profoundly impact patient outcomes, whether as primary disease states or as co-morbid conditions. PH is a common co-morbidity in CKD and vice versa. A growing body of literature describes the epidemiology of PH secondary to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (WHO group 5 PH). But, there are only limited data on the epidemiology of kidney disease in group 1 PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on epidemiology and discuss potential disease mechanisms and management implications of kidney dysfunction in PAH. Kidney dysfunction, determined by serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate, is a frequent co-morbidity in PAH and impaired kidney function is a strong and independent predictor of mortality. Potential mechanisms of PAH affecting the kidneys are increased venous congestion, decreased cardiac output, and neurohormonal activation. On a molecular level, increased TGF-β signaling and increased levels of circulating cytokines could have the potential to worsen kidney function. Nephrotoxicity does not seem to be a common side effect of PAH-targeted therapy. Treatment implications for kidney disease in PAH include glycemic control, lifestyle modification, and potentially Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade.
Study on Evaluation of Tearing Instability of Welded Joints. (1993)

The establishment of analytic condition of tearing instability of structural component containing weld defects is required. However, because of the mechanical heterogeneity in welds, it is complex to evaluate the resistance of crack extension and tearing instability in the welded joints.
Best Practices in Responsible Land Use for Improving Biodiversity at a Utility-Scale Solar Facility (2018)

Development of a utility-scale solar photovoltaic project involves management of various potential environmental impacts, including impacts on wildlife and habitat. Although solar facility construction activities do involve short-term disturbance, responsibly developed solar power plants can provide shelter, protection, and stable use of land to support biodiversity. Land use practices and their relationship to biodiversity are examined at one of the world’s largest solar facilities, the 550 MW Topaz Solar Farms project in San Luis Obispo County, CA, USA. Pre- and postconstruction biological monitoring data indicate similar to higher vegetation productivity on-site compared to reference sites. Postconstruction monitoring has documented the presence of dozens of wildlife species, including several with special conservation status. Best practices in responsible land use utilized in the Topaz project are specified in the categories of community, biology, water, design and construction, and end of life. These practices, as well as future solar project development innovations that reduce ground disturbance, can be applied to enhance biodiversity at other solar facilities.
Engineered Surface Properties of Porous Tungsten from Cryogenic Machining (2015)

Porous tungsten is used to manufacture dispenser cathodes due to it refractory properties. Surface porosity is critical to functional performance of dispenser cathodes because it allows for an impregnated ceramic compound to migrate to the emitting surface, lowering its work function. Likewise, surface roughness is important because it is necessary to ensure uniform wetting of the molten impregnate during high temperature service. Current industry practice to achieve surface roughness and surface porosity requirements involves the use of a plastic infiltrant during machining. After machining, the infiltrant is baked and the cathode pellet is impregnated. In this context, cryogenic machining is investigated as a substitutionary process for the current plastic infiltration process. Along with significant reductions in cycle time and resource use, surface quality of cryogenically machined un-infiltrated (as-sintered) porous tungsten has been shown to significantly outperform dry machining. The present study is focused on examining the relationship between machining parameters and cooling condition on the as-machined surface integrity of porous tungsten. The effects of cryogenic pre-cooling, rake angle, cutting speed, depth of cut and feed are all taken into consideration with respect to machining-induced surface morphology. Cermet and Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools are used to develop high performance cryogenic machining of porous tungsten. Dry and pre-heated machining were investigated as a means to allow for ductile mode machining, yet severe tool-wear and undesirable smearing limited the feasibility of these approaches. By using modified PCD cutting tools, high speed machining of porous tungsten at cutting speeds up to 400 m/min is achieved for the first time. Beyond a critical speed, brittle fracture and built-up edge are eliminated as the result of a brittle to ductile transition. A model of critical chip thickness (hc) effects based on cutting force, temperature and surface roughness data is developed and used to study the deformation mechanisms of porous tungsten under different machining conditions. It is found that when hmax = hc, ductile mode machining of otherwise highly brittle porous tungsten is possible. The value of hc is approximately the same as the average ligament size of the 80% density porous tungsten workpiece.
Renewable Modified Cellulose Bearing Chelating Schiff Base for Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Antibacterial Action (2017)

A novel approach toward chemically modified cellulose bearing active chelating Schiff base with hydroxyl group (Cell-Hy) was synthesized. The modified cellulose was examined for its heavy metal ion uptake potential from aqueous solution. The chemical and structural features of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solid state 13C-NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) observations. The experimental conditions and adsorption parameters, including pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time were optimized for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. Kinetic parameters, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and correlation coefficients for pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were carried out. The data obtained from the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto Cell-Hy were subjected to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters have also been evaluated. The antibacterial activity of modified cellulose was tested toward specific bacterial species.
Speckled lentiginous nevus: within the spectrum of congenital melanocytic nevi. (2001)

These 10 cases, along with the arguments outlined above, provide strong support for the hypothesis that speckled lentiginous nevi are a subtype of congenital melanocytic nevi.
Revisiting TCP Congestion Control Using Delay Gradients (2011)

Traditional loss-based TCP congestion control (CC) tends to induce high queuing delays and perform badly across paths containing links that exhibit packet losses unrelated to congestion. Delay-based TCP CC algorithms infer congestion from delay measurements and tend to keep queue lengths low. To date most delay-based CC algorithms do not coexist well with loss-based TCP, and require knowledge of a network path’s RTT characteristics to establish delay thresholds indicative of congestion. We propose and implement a delay-gradient CC algorithm (CDG) that no longer requires knowledge of path-specific minimum RTT or delay thresholds. Our FreeBSD implementation is shown to coexist reasonably with loss-based TCP (NewReno) in lightly multiplexed environments, share capacity fairly between instances of itself and NewReno, and exhibits improved tolerance of non-congestion related losses (86% better goodput than NewReno in the presence of 1% packet losses).
Evaluation of ketanserin in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (1993)

Ketanserin at the dose administered in this trial failed to reduce the loss in minimal lumen diameter during follow-up after PTCA and did not significantly improve the clinical outcome.
Monovalent Salt-Induced Gelation of Enzymatically Deesterified Pectin (2003)

Pectin gels were induced by monovalent salts (0.2 M) concurrently with deesterification of high methoxy pectin using a salt-independent orange pectin methylesterase (PME). Constant pH was maintained during deesterification and gelation. If salt or PME was absent, the pectin did not form a gel. The gel strength was influenced by both pH and species of monovalent cation. At pH 5.0, the pectin gel induced by KCl was significantly stronger than the NaCl-induced gel. In contrast, a much stronger gel was produced in the presence of NaCl as compared to KCl at pH 7.0. LiCl did not induce pectin gelation at either pH. Molecular weights of pectins increased from 1.38 x 10(5) to 2.26 x 10(5) during NaCl-induced gelation at pH 7. One proposal to explain these pectin molecular weight changes is a hypothetical PME transacylation mechanism. However, these pectin molecular weight changes can also be explained by metastable aggregation of the enzymatically deesterified low methoxy pectin. We postulate that gelation was induced by a slow deesterification of pectin under conditions that would normally salt out (precipitate) low methoxy pectin in the absence of PME.
Hair meshes (2009)

Despite the visual importance of hair and the attention paid to hair modeling in the graphics research, modeling realistic hair still remains a very challenging task that can be performed by very few artists. In this paper we present hair meshes , a new method for modeling hair that aims to bring hair modeling as close as possible to modeling polygonal surfaces. This new approach provides artists with direct control of the overall shape of the hair, giving them the ability to model the exact hair shape they desire. We use the hair mesh structure for modeling the hair volume with topological constraints that allow us to automatically and uniquely trace the path of individual hair strands through this volume. We also define a set of topological operations for creating hair meshes that maintain these constraints. Furthermore, we provide a method for hiding the volumetric structure of the hair mesh from the end user, thus allowing artists to concentrate on manipulating the outer surface of the hair as a polygonal surface. We explain and show examples of how hair meshes can be used to generate individual hair strands for a wide variety of realistic hair styles.
Smart Classroom College English Listening Teaching System Based on Virtual Environment Technology (2022)

This article mainly studies the design and realization of English listening teaching system based on virtual environment technology. This paper designs and builds a virtual experimental operating platform to assist students in experimental learning. At the same time, according to database design methods, steps and database specifications, the database is designed, functional modules are divided, and the main interface of system operation is introduced in detail. The system adopts B/S architecture, interacts with the server through the browser, and the computing and processing functions are mainly completed by the server. This system uses black box testing to test and verify system functions. Complete the performance test of the system by checking the monitoring points in the performance test cases. Experimental data shows that more than 70% of students believe that they can learn and read English independently in the Cypris Club virtual language learning community.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Nonsulfated and Sulfated Glycopolymers as L- and P-selectin Inhibitors (2011)

Abstract Selectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins and responsible for leukocyte extravasation in inflammation. Here we demonstrate the potential of synthetic glycocompounds as inhibitors for the selectin-ligand interaction. Pentaerythritol derivatives showed distinct selectin-binding properties with IC50 values up to 1.5 μM. Multivalent hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) derivatives did not lead to a substantial increase in inhibition, but a more than 1000-fold enhancement was realized when sulfated glyco-hPGs were tested. IC50 values in the high picomolar to low nanomolar range were obtained for selectin inhibition, which highlights the relevance of sulfate groups that seem to dominate the binding mode. Keywords: Selectin inhibitorsHyperbranched polyglycerolCarbohydrate ligandsSulfation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge financial support from the Sonderforschungsbereich 765 "Multivalency" and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI, doctoral scholarship to I.P.)
Scalable image transmission over differentially space-time coded OFDM systems (2003)

This paper combines joint source-channel coding, differential space-time coding and OFDM for scalable image transmission over differentially space-time coded OFDM (DSTC-OFDM) systems. The SNR versus BER performance of these systems are measured by simulation. We consider transmitting embedded source bitstreams over such systems using product channel codes that are designed to combat both bit errors and fading. For a given average SNR (hence BER), a fast joint source-channel coding algorithm is used to optimize the product code rates. Experiments show that the diversity gain in our DSTC-OFDM system can be translated into quality gains (in PSNR) in transmitted images.
Prozesstechnische Untersuchungen eines organophilen Pervaporation-Bio-Hybridreaktors (2002)

No translation.
Federated Access to Cyber Observables for Detection of Targeted Attacks (2014)

Current DoD enterprise networks routinely face tar-geted cyber attacks, and even though attack-related information is recorded in various places, this information is often left unex-amined until after attacker objectives have been achieved. This is especially true for large networks consisting of continuously changing networked devices, including laptops, servers, printers, IP phones, and more. This paper describes the design of Gestalt, a next-generation cyber information management platform that simplifies access to cyber event data stored in the nooks and crannies of a distributed enterprise. The ready and secure access to cyber information provided by Gestalt is a key enabler for a new set of techniques that can detect and mitigate targeted cyber attacks within hours instead of months. Current state-of-the-art approaches to automated and operator assisted cyber defense are ill-suited to counter targeted cyber attacks because these technol-ogies (1) focus only on aggregated one-dimensional features across multiple devices, (2) do not provide the required coverage over all networked devices and observables accessible on those devices, and (3) lack the expressiveness and deeper semantic backing required to detect targeted attacks across a sea of low-level observables. Gestalt provides innovations in (1) automati-cally discovering devices and useful data sources in the enterprise (beyond simple IP connectivity), (2) maintaining a metadata in-dex of devices and observable information (even of devices with-out schemas and connectors), and (3) transparently decomposing and federating semantic graph queries to devices (rather than extracting and aggregating information in a central store), and integrating the results back into a well-defined ontology.
Multicenter Experience in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy — a Comparison of Hybrid and Totally Robot-Assisted Techniques (2021)

In the five participating German centers, T-RAMIE was the preferred procedure (72.3% of operations). In comparison to H-RAMIE, T-RAMIE was associated with a significantly reduced risk of postoperative morbidity, anastomotic leak, and respiratory failure as well as a significantly reduced time necessary for esophagectomy.
Identifying critical components for reliability centred maintenance management of deregulated power systems (2015)

Competition in the electric power industry urges utilities to not only reduce the investment costs, but also to reasonably cut the operation and maintenance expenses as much as possible, while keeping both power quality and reliability requirements met. Reliability‐centred maintenance (RCM) has been proven to be in response to this dilemma in power systems and has been yet successfully applied in various engineering contexts. This study introduces a novel approach, as of the first steps of RCM implementation in composite power generation and transmission systems, to identify the critical components for the main sake of a more focused maintenance management. Criticality evaluation is, here, concerned with components outage occurrence possibilities and cost‐based consequences. A realistic market model has been implemented to account for the components outage consequences to the system different participants, that is, generation companies and distribution companies. The presented methodology is able to efficiently recognise the individual importance and contribution of each component in the cases of not only first order but also higher order contingencies. For the sake of demonstration, the proposed approach is applied to the IEEE reliability test system and IEEE 118‐Bus test system, and the obtained results are discussed in detail.
Sports Concussion and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Finding a Path Forward (2022)

Sports concussion has recently assumed special importance because of the widely publicized entity of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Identified primarily in former contact sports athletes with repeated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), CTE is a distinct tauopathy that can only be diagnosed postmortem and for which no specific treatment is available. Although the hazards of repeated mTBI are generally acknowledged, a spirited controversy has developed because a firm link between sports concussion and CTE has been questioned. We briefly review the history of CTE, discuss areas of uncertainty, and offer suggestions to assist neurologists confronting these issues and advance understanding of this vexing problem. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:222-225.
Relaxation of the electrical double layer after an electron transfer approached by Brownian dynamics simulation (2004)

In this paper, the dynamical properties of the electrochemical double layer following an electron transfer are investigated by using Brownian dynamics simulations. This work is motivated by recent developments in ultrafast cyclic voltammetry which allow nanosecond time scales to be reached. A simple model of an electrochemical cell is developed by considering a 1:1 supporting electrolyte between two parallel walls carrying opposite surface charges, representing the electrodes; the solution also contains two neutral solutes representing the electroactive species. Equilibrium Brownian dynamics simulations of this system are performed. To mimic electron transfer processes at the electrode, the charge of the electroactive species are suddenly changed, and the subsequent relaxation of the surrounding ionic atmosphere are followed, using nonequilibrium Brownian dynamics. The electrostatic potential created in the center of the electroactive species by other ions is found to have an exponential decay which allows the evaluation of a characteristic relaxation time. The influence of the surface charge and of the electrolyte concentration on this time is discussed, for several conditions that mirror the ones of classical electrochemical experiments. The computed relaxation time of the double layer in aqueous solutions is found in the range 0.1 to 0.4 ns for electrolyte concentrations between 0.1 and 1 mol L(-1) and surface charges between 0.032 and 0.128 C m(-2).
Brain Gangliosides in Alzheimer’s Disease: Increased Expression of Cholinergic Neuron-Specific Gangliosides (2017)

The expression of Chol-1α gangliosides may be caused by a compensation to preserve the function of the cholinergic neuron and play an important role in cholinergic synaptic transmission.
Comment on Cook, B.; Mulgan, N. Targeted Mop up and Robust Response Tools Can Achieve and Maintain Possum Freedom on the Mainland. Animals 2022, 12, 921 (2023)

The recent paper published by Cook and Mulgan [...].