gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide and Cancer Therapy: The Emperor has NO Clothes (2010)

The role of nitric oxide (NO()) as a mediator of cancer phenotype has led researchers to investigate strategies for manipulating in vivo production and exogenous delivery of this molecule for therapeutic gain. Unfortunately, NO() serves multiple functions in cancer physiology. In some instances, NO() or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels correlate with tumor suppression and in other cases they are related to tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding this dichotomy has been a great challenge for researchers working in the field of NO() and cancer therapy. Due to the unique chemical and biochemical properties of NO(), it's interactions with cellular targets and the subsequent downstream signaling events can be vastly different based upon tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment. Simple explanations for the vast range of NO-correlated behaviors will continue to produce conflicting information about the relevance of NO() and cancer. Paying considerable attention to the chemical properties of NO() and the methodologies being used will remove many of the discrepancies in the field and allow for in depth understanding of when NO-based chemotherapeutics will have beneficial outcomes.
Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging of regeneration/degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury (2005)

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States Introduction In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), accurate measurement of the changes in the nerve after injury may be highly beneficial clinically in saving the patient a needless operation or to avoid missing an opportunity for performing nerve reconstruction [1-3]. The non-invasive nature and high sensitivity to microscopic structural changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) by measurement of water displacement has resulted in its wide application in developmental and pathological examinations in central nervous system (CNS) and PNS. Recently, an analytical approach examining DTI derived parameters has been proposed to assess the extent of axonal damage and demyelination [4,5]. In this experimental study, DTI was used to investigate spatiotemporally the processes of axonal degradation and demyelination, then remyelination, in cut or crush excised rat sciatic nerves using a 17.6 T magnet with a solenoid coil. In particular, orientation independent measures of water diffusion, fractional anisotropy (FA) of diffusion direction, and averaged rate of diffusion ( ) were examined as DTI derived MR parameters for the quantification of the structural changes within the major peripheral nerve. Materials and Method Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury: Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200g) were anesthetized with isoflurane and the sciatic nerves exposed bilaterally at mid-thigh. Nerve crush was performed for 45 seconds with needle nose forceps. Nerve transections were made by cutting the nerve with surgical scissors. Proximal stump was bound and displaced from the distal stump to prevent axonal ingrowth. At 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury, nerves were removed, rinsed with saline and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Fixed rat sciatic nerves were placed in a 2mm diameter solenoid coil. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was measured on a 17.6 T magnet (@ 750MHz), 89mm bore magnet with a Bruker Advance imaging and spectrometer system. Diffusion weighted images of normal nerve, as well as cut and crush nerves at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury, were acquired by applying gradients to give diffusion sensitizing factor (b values)= 0 and 1250 s/mm2 in 21 directions with a spin-echo pulse sequence; imaging parameters were TR=2.7 s, TE=29.5 ms, 24 averages for a non-diffusion weighted image (b = 0) and 6 averages for diffusion weighted (b = 1250) images using
Basic limnology of fifty-one lakes in Costa Rica. (2003)

We visited 51 lakes in Costa Rica as part of a broad-based survey to document their physical and chemical characteristics and how these relate to the mode of formation and geographical distribution of the lakes. The four oxbow lakes were low in elevation and tended to be turbid, high in conductivity and CO2, but low in dissolved O2; one of these, L. Gandoca, had a hypolimnion essentially composed of sea water. These were similar to the four wetland lakes, but the latter instead had low conductivities and pH, and turbidity was often due to tannins rather than suspended sediments. The thirteen artificial lakes formed a very heterogenous group, whose features varied depending on local factors. The thirteen lakes dammed by landslides, lava flows, or lahars occurred in areas with steep slopes, and were more likely to be stratified than most other types of lakes. The eight lakes that occupy volcanic craters tended to be deep, stratified, clear, and cool; two of these, L. Hule and L. Río Cuarto, appeared to be oligomictic (tending toward meromictic). The nine glacial lakes, all located above 3440 m elevation near Cerro Chirripó, were clear, cold, dilute, and are probably polymictic. Cluster analysis resulted in three significant groups of lakes. Cluster 1 included four calcium-rich lakes (average 48 mg l-1), Cluster 2 included fourteen lakes with more Si than Ca+2 and higher Cl- than the other clusters, and Cluster 3 included the remaining thirty-three lakes that were generally less concentrated. Each cluster included lakes of various origins located in different geographical regions; these data indicate that, apart from the high-altitude glacial lakes and lakes in the Miravalles area, similarity in lake chemistry is independent of lake distribution.
ChemInform Abstract: BIFUNCTIONAL CYCLOPROPYL REAGENTS: STEREOCONTROLLED APPROACH TO VINYL SULFIDES AND CHEMODIFFERENTIATED 1,4‐DICARBONYL SYSTEMS (1982)

Abstract Aus Butyrolacton (I) erhält man mit Thiophenol (II) und Methanol/ Schwefelsäure den Phenylthio‐ester (III), der mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid (NCS) und tert.‐Butylat zu (IVa) cyclisiert wird.
Omics Research at the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) (2009)

Author(s): Adams, Paul D.; Batth, Tanveer; Benke, Peter I.; Dahl, Rob; Keasling, Jay D.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila; Ouellet, Mario; Redding, Alyssa M.; Rutherford, Becky J.; Petzold, Christopher J.; Tamrakar, Pramila
Transfer of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids as well as net deposition by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (2005)

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity is classically measured using radioactive lipids. We described a simple fluorescence assay to measure its triacylglycerol (TAG) transfer activity. Here, we describe fluorescence-based methods to measure the transfer of phospholipids (PLs) and cholesteryl esters (CEs) by MTP. Both transfer activities increased with time and MTP amounts and were inhibited to different extents by an MTP antagonist, BMS197636. We also describe a method to measure the net deposition of fluorescent lipids in acceptor vesicles. In this procedure, negatively charged donor vesicles are incubated with MTP and acceptor vesicles, and lipids transferred to acceptors are quantified after the removal of donor vesicles and MTP by the addition of DE52. Lipid deposition in acceptor vesicles was dependent on time and MTP. Using these methods, TAG transfer activity was the most robust activity present in purified MTP; CE and PL transfer activities were 60-71% and 5-13% of the TAG transfer activity, respectively. The method to determine lipid transfer is recommended for routine MTP activity measurements for its simplicity. These methods may help identify specific inhibitors for individual lipid transfer activities, in characterizing different domains involved in transfer, and in the isolation of mutants that bind but cannot transfer lipids.
Serial Brain CT Scans in Severe Head Injury without Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (2014)

Serial CT scans in time could be a good way to monitor the intracranial progression in the severe head injury and reduce the implantation of an invasive ICP probe.
Power and signature optimization for downlink CDMA (2003)

User signature sequences and powers are jointly optimized with linear receivers for forward link code-division multiple access (CDMA). The channels are assumed to be stationary and known to the transmitter. Both voice and data services are considered, which have different requirements. For the voice service, the signatures are selected to minimize the total transmitted power, subject to a constraint on received mean squared error (MSE). For the data service, the signatures are selected to maximize the total mutual information summed over the users, subject to a transmitted power constraint. In the latter case, we show that the optimized user signatures are orthogonal.
S1402-3-4 Development of a rotation/revolution type polishing machine and its performance (2009)

For finish the aspherical lens die and mold of glass mold, a newly type disk top rotation/revolution type polishing machine had developed. In this paper, the rotation/revolution type polishing method, concept and the specification of developed machine will been described. And some fundamental polishing experiment also discussed.
Composite Airframe Cost Estimation Model Research: Report on Activity (2013)

Abstract : The purpose of this overall research thrust is to improve the means for costing predominately composite material aircraft in comparison to historic metallic aircraft. There are significantly different manufacturing processes and parts count associated with composites that are not currently addressed with the procurement and life cycle management processes. Composite structure, when compared to metallic structure, is perceived to imply more risk than the associated cost advantages due to insufficient characterization of the life cycle benefits from optimal composite use. Their use has therefore been historically limited to components versus major structural assemblies. The goal of this research is to produce a validated cost model to predict the realistic cost of composite aircraft structures. The proposed research is a continuation of investigations carried out in 2009 and 2010 [1, 2] under sponsorship of AFRL/RB where effects of part count and labor touch hours on cost of composite aircraft were studied. In this effort, the proposed research will investigate the effect of realistic manufacturing process cost and total material cost on the cost estimates of composite aircraft.
Inheritance of an Enhanced Branching Character in the Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)1 (1974)

Abstract An unusual branching habit was found in plants of a Guelph tomato line. The axillary buds of the cotyledons and leaves of these plants exhibited vigorous growth at an early stage producing compact, many branched plants with a high number of flower clusters at the first bloom stage. The character was determined by a single, partially dominant gene. No linkage was confirmed with a number of known genes in the tomato genome. The rate of branch growth differed in progeny of crosses with stocks carrying the marker genes indicating the character was influenced by parental genotypes. The gene is designated Lp (Lateral promoter).
Nonlinear Galvanomagnetic Effect ofn-Type InSb in the Quantum Limit (1966)

Nonlinear galvanomagnetic effects in $n$-type InSb in the quantum limit were studied, using uncompensated samples with an impurity concentration of 1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The nonlinear characteristics observed at 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and in transverse magnetic fields above 2 kG are caused by the heating of conduction electrons under conditions where the frequency of collisions with ionized impurities is much larger than that with acoustic phonons. The ratio of the frequency of collision with ionized impurities to that with acoustic phonons is about 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$. The carrier heating begins to have a large effect near the electric field ${E}_{1}$, which is given by ($\frac{\mathrm{sB}}{c}$)${(\frac{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{im}}}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ph}}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. The value of ${E}_{1}$ at 10 kG is about 0.1 V/cm. The electric field ${E}_{2}$ which raises the electron energy so that quantum conditions are not satisfied is proportional to $0.11{B}^{\frac{1}{2}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\frac{1}{2}}{E}_{1}$ where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is about 4. Observations on compensated samples, where freeze-out effects are seen, and on samples of greater impurity concentration, where Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are seen, are also discussed.
Numerical study of hemodynamics in brain aneurysms treated with flow diverter stents using porous medium theory (2019)

Conventional approaches of implementing computational fluid dynamics to study aneurysmal hemodynamics after treatment with a flow diverter stent are computationally expensive. Cumbersome meshing and lengthy simulation runtimes are common. To address these issues, we present a novel volume penalization method that considers flow diverters as heterogeneous porous media. The proposed model requires a considerably smaller number of mesh elements, leading to faster simulation runtimes. Three patient-specific aneurysms were virtually treated with flow diverters and aneurysmal hemodynamics were simulated. The results of the virtual deployments including aneurysmal hemodynamics were compared to corresponding results from conventional approaches. The comparisons showed that the proposed approach led to 9.12 times increase in the speed of simulations on average. Further, aneurysmal kinetic energy and inflow rate metrics for the proposed approach were consistent with those from conventional approaches, differing on average by 3.52% and 3.78%, respectively.
Klebsiella Pulmonary Infections: Occurrence at One Medical Center and Review (1990)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the species of aerobic gram-negative bacteria most commonly recognized as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The vast majority of articles concerning the epidemiology, frequency, and clinical and radiographic features of community-acquired pneumonias caused by this organism are over 20 years old. Experience with community-acquired pneumonias due to K. pneumoniae at one medical center over the last 20 years is reported and compared with the previously published literature. The recent experience at Parkland Memorial is quite similar to that in the literature. Salient features include the infrequency of K. pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, the lack of specificity and sensitivity of most clinical and radiographic findings, and the similarity to and potential confusion with anaerobic pneumonitis and cavitary lung disease if only expectorated sputums are utilized for diagnosis in certain population groups such as alcoholics.
Risk factors and mortality associated with an elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity measured by Doppler-echocardiography in thalassemia: a Thalassemia Clinical Research Network report (2011)

An elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) is associated with hemolysis and early mortality in sickle cell disease, yet risk factors, clinical parameters, and mortality associated with this biomarker in thalassemia are poorly defined. This report summarizes the prevalence of an elevated TRV in 325 patients screened by Doppler echocardiography in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. A documented TRV was reported in 148 of 325 (46%) of patients. Average age was 25.9 years (range, 5-56 years) and 97% were transfusion-dependent. Mean TRV was 2.3 ± 0.4 m/s (range, 0.2-3.5 m/s). An abnormal TRV ≥ 2.5 m/s was identified in 49 of 148 (33%) of patients with a documented TRV, 5% (8/148), with a TRV ≥ 3.0 m/s, suggesting significant PH risk. Older age was strongly associated with a high TRV; however, 16% of children had a TRV ≥ 2.5 m/s. A history of splenectomy, hepatitis C, smoking, or high white blood cell count was associated with TRV elevation. In summary, an elevated TRV is noted in one-third of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with a documented value and develops in both children and adults. Age, splenectomy, hepatitis C, and smoking are significant univariate risk factors, with splenectomy surfacing as the dominant risk factor over time. Mortality was low in this cohort. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed. This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00661804.
Abstract 16682: No Increased Risk of Early or Late Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events With Dapagliflozin (2014)

Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces plasma glucose in patients (pts) with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting renal glucose reuptake leading to glucosuria. DAPA has diuretic and longterm weight loss effects, and is associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction. Diuresis and BP reduction are evident soon after commencement of therapy, raising the question of whether there could be time dependent effects on cardiovascular safety. Data were pooled from 21 double blind phase 2b and phase 3 studies of DAPA with duration of treatment of up to 4 years and analyzed for prospectively adjudicated composite CV event end points, both for major adverse cardiac events ([MACE]; CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and for the prespecified primary end point of MACE plus unstable angina (UA). The pt cohort (n=5936 for DAPA; n=3403 for controls) included 3214 pts with a history of CV disease. As previously reported, the overall hazard ratio for the primary end point between DAPA and control cohorts was 0.79 (95% CI 0.58-1.07). For MACE it was 0.77 (95% CI 0.54-1.10). Although the hazard rates (HR) per month demonstrated large variation, the HR for the primary end point and for MACE in the DAPA group in the first 30 days were similar to later time points, showing no evidence of an early increase in risk (Figure). Kaplan-Meier estimates of both end points showed no notable separation between DAPA and control in the first 30 days of treatment; however, a separation favoring DAPA started at approximately 250 days that was not statistically significant. Baseline characteristics for pts who had events in the first 30 days were similar to those of the general population and did not suggest a population with early risk for MACE events. Results were consistent across composite end points and pt subgroups with respect to history of a CV event. In conclusion, there was no increase in early CV events with DAPA, and no evidence for a population susceptible to early CV events with DAPA.
First detection and isolation of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus from farmed rainbow trout in Nyeri County, Kenya (2019)

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent of infectious haematopoietic necrosis, a disease of salmonid responsible for great economic losses. The disease occurs in most parts of the world where rainbow trout is reared but has not been previously reported in Kenya. In this study, rainbow trout fry and growers from two farms in Nyeri County were screened for IHNV. Whole fry (n = 4 from each farm) and kidney samples from growers (n = 15 and n = 6 from the two farms, respectively) were collected and preserved for cell culture examination or PCR analysis. Screening of samples was done by PCR followed by sequencing of the glycoprotein gene of the virus. Demonstration of the virus was done by propagation in EPC cells followed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The results revealed the presence of IHNV at low prevalence of 0.1 and 0.4 for the two farms. The virus was confirmed both by IFAT and by partial sequencing of the G gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Kenyan isolates were identical to those of the J genogroup found mostly in Asia. The findings have implications for biosecurity measures and import regulations for the Kenyan rainbow trout industry.
Persistence of the Gyroid Morphology at Strong Segregation in Diblock Copolymers (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPersistence of the Gyroid Morphology at Strong Segregation in Diblock CopolymersDrew A. Davidock, Marc A. Hillmyer, and Timothy P. LodgeView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 13, 4682–4685Publication Date (Web):June 7, 2003Publication History Received23 March 2003Revised27 May 2003Published online7 June 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034364yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034364yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Annealing (metallurgy),Copolymers,Morphology,Scattering,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors of PTP1B for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (2002)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of diverse molecules that play an important role in both activating and attenuating a wide variety of cellular responses. One of these phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), is clearly involved in attenuating insulin signaling, and much effort has been devoted towards the development of inhibitors of this enzyme as a therapeutic approach to treat insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This review will focus on recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors for PTP1B and the challenges for generating selective molecules. This review is largely limited to papers published within the last two years, since a review on this subject was published recently in this journal.