gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[IC‐P‐030]: CONNECTIVITY OF THE LEFT FRONTAL CORTEX ATTENUATES DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF CSF‐TAU ON MEMORY IN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

Cognitively normal (CN) subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and emerging amyloid pathology are at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability to maintain cognition in the face of beginning neurodegeneration (ie. cognitive reserve) may be critical for the clinical progression in subjects at increased risk of AD. The aim here was was to test functional network characteristics that confer higher reserve across the early clinical spectrum of AD. Specifically, based on our previous findings in prodromal AD showing that global functional connectivity of a left frontal cortex hub (gLFC-connectivity) was associated with higher reserve (Franzmeier, Neurology, in press) we hypothesized that: 1) higher education, a protective factor, is associated with higher gLFC-connectivity 2) higher gLFC-connectivity attenuates detrimental effects of tau pathology on memory performance in preclinical and clinical stages of AD. We included 75 Ab+ individuals in different AD stages (25 CN, 23 SCD, 14 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 13 AD Dementia), as well as 50 Ab- individuals (24 CN, 17 SCD, 9 MCI) all recruited within the German DELCODE study on biomarker changes in AD. GLFC-connectivity was computed as the average resting-state fMRI-connectivity between an 8mm spherical LFC-ROI (BA6/44) and each grey matter voxel. Using linear regression stratified by Ab-status, we tested whether education predicted higher gLFC-connectivity. Next, we tested whether gLFC-connectivity moderates the association between CSF-tau and the Wechsler Logical Memory delayed recall score. All regression models were controlled for age, gender and diagnosis. Greater education predicted higher gLFC-connectivity in Ab+ (p=0.031; Figure 1) but not Ab-. The interaction gLFC-connectivity x CSF-tau was significant (p=0.027) in Ab+, such that at higher gLFC-connectivity the association between higher CSF-tau and memory impairment was attenuated (Figure 2). When tested separately in preclinical (CN-Ab+ & SCD-Ab+) and clinical (MCI-Ab+ & AD dementia) groups, the interaction remained at trend level significance (preclinical: p=0.067; clinical: p=0.059), suggesting compensatory effects of gLFC-connectivity on Tau pathology already in preclinical AD. No interaction was found in Ab- participants.
Optimal scheduling of uncertain wind energy and demand response in unit commitment using binary grey wolf optimizer (BGWO) (2016)

The uncertain wind energy handling is a vital aspect of modern power system operational planning with considerable wind penetration. The handling of same is a techno-economic constrained procedure considering its effect on energy and reserve scheduling of whole generation mix. This paper presents a dynamic penalty cost based methodology to solve power system resource scheduling problem with uncertain wind energy, thermal units and responsive loads using binary grey wolf optimizer (BGWO). The proposed methodology considers the effect of uncertain wind energy in terms of total rescheduling cost, total energy balancing cost and total reserve cost. The unit commitment procedure is solved using BGWO and the economic dispatch of committed thermal units alongside the wind energy, responsive load scheduling is solved using Lambda iteration technique. In addition, two different levels of wind uncertainty level are considered to examine the variation techno-economic aspects of proposed methodology. The simulation results are presented and discussed with respect to various performance attributes and the same demonstrate the superior performance of proposed dynamic penalty cost models over existing static cost models.
Effects ofγ-Aminobutyric Acid on Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Release from Isolated Perfused Dog Pancreas* (1983)

The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were studied in the isolated dog pancreas. Insulin secretion was inhibited in a dose-related fashion for 10 min or more by as little as 1 microM GABA. A prompt but small and transitory rise in somatostatin secretion, lasting only 1 min, occurred at GABA concentrations of 10 and 100 microM, levels that exert inhibitory effects on nervous tissue. Bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, inhibited insulin secretion and did not antagonize GABA-mediated insulin inhibition. The results suggest that GABA in concentrations that are known to exist in islet tissue can influence the secretion of islet hormones.
Das Negativ (1986)

Die Qualität einer Aufnahme wird nicht allein von der Güte des Objektives und der Kamera, sondern in gleichem Maße von der des verwendeten Negativmaterials und dessen Verarbeitung bestimmt. Um die richtige Wahl treffen zu können, muß man die Eigenschaften, Abhängigkeiten und Verwendungsmöglichkeiten eines Aufnahmematerials kennen.
A Web-Based Software Package for Clinical Cardiac Autonomic Tests (2009)

We developed a software package for management and evaluation of non-invasive cardiac autonomic tests. These tests aim to investigate the human cardiovascular function and its autonomic nervous control. Our system offers user-friendly features for managing patients and autonomic tests; for uploading measured cardiovascular signals and performing statistical evaluation. An additional modeling and simulation component includes basic mathematical models and offers means for performing parameters estimation fitting the experimental data. Tests of acceptance by doctors and researchers demonstrated the potential of the package as computer-aided diagnostic and research tool. The package is written in PHP/Java/C/SQL and makes use of existing software such as Physionet WaveForm DataBase, Systems Biology Toolbox 2, JFreeChart and Matlab. The system has been designed in the unified modeling language (UML) following software engineering guidelines for modularity and reusability, making it Web based and platform-independent.
Epigenetic switch drives the conversion of fibroblasts into proinvasive cancer-associated fibroblasts (2015)

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) mediate the onset of a proinvasive tumour microenvironment. The proinflammatory cytokine LIF reprograms fibroblasts into a proinvasive phenotype, which promotes extracellular matrix remodelling and collective invasion of cancer cells. Here we unveil that exposure to LIF initiates an epigenetic switch leading to the constitutive activation of JAK1/STAT3 signalling, which results in sustained proinvasive activity of CAF. Mechanistically, p300-histone acetyltransferase acetylates STAT3, which, in turn, upregulates and activates the DNMT3b DNA methyltransferase. DNMT3b methylates CpG sites of the SHP-1 phosphatase promoter, which abrogates SHP-1 expression, and results in constitutive phosphorylation of JAK1. Sustained JAK1/STAT3 signalling is maintained by DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. Consistently, in human lung and head and neck carcinomas, STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation are inversely correlated with SHP-1 expression. Combined inhibition of DNMT activities and JAK signalling, in vitro and in vivo, results in long-term reversion of CAF-associated proinvasive activity and restoration of the wild-type fibroblast phenotype.
Imaging the Pore Structure and Polytypic Intergrowths in Mesoporous Silica (1998)

Mesoporous silica, SBA-2, has been investigated by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy supported by computer image simulations. The complete pore structure connecting the discrete supercages of which the silica is composed has been determined. In addition, unexpected well-defined cubic-hexagonal (polytypic) intergrowths have been uncovered, involving a hitherto unknown mesoporous structure that we designate STAC-1. It was found that both SBA-2 and STAC-1 contain a two-dimensional pore system and that the symmetry of the SBA-2 structure must be lower than that (space group P63/mmc) determined previously on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction methods. Polytypic irregularities in these mesoporous materials indicate that, similar to microporous zeolitic systems, a range of solids with structures intermediate between end members SBA-2 and STAC-1 might be prepared.
Differential neutrophil infiltration contributes to regional differences in brain inflammation in the substantia nigra pars compacta and cortex (2008)

Brain inflammation is a suggested risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, severe inflammation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) accelerates the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of severe inflammation in the SNpc by comparing the inflammatory process with that in the cortex. In intact brain, the densities of CD11b(+) microglia were similar in the SNpc and cortex. However, lipopolysaccharide injection enhanced the CD11b(+) cell number in the SNpc, but not in the cortex. Previously, we reported that CD11b and myeloperoxidase (MPO) double-positive neutrophils infiltrate the SNpc following LPS injection (GLIA 55:1577-88). Notably, the MPO(+) neutrophil number increased dramatically in the SNpc, but only slightly in the cortex. The extent of neutrophil infiltration appeared to correlate with neuronal damage. We confirmed that loss of neurons in the SNpc was significantly reduced in neutropenic rats versus normal rats following LPS injection. In addition, the densities of astrocytes were much lower in the intact SNpc, compared with the cortex. Furthermore, after LPS injection, damage of endothelial cells and astrocytes, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was more pronounced in the SNpc. These results collectively suggest that excessive neutrophil infiltration and environmental factors, such as lower astrocyte density and higher BBB permeability, contribute to severe inflammation and neuronal death in the SNpc.
Copolymerization of Methyl Acrylate with Norbornene Derivatives by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteCopolymerization of Methyl Acrylate with Norbornene Derivatives by Atom Transfer Radical PolymerizationSharon Elyashiv-Barad, Nils Greinert, and Ayusman SenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 19, 7521–7526Publication Date (Web):August 16, 2002Publication History Received28 March 2002Revised1 July 2002Published online16 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma020487rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma020487rbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1668Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Copolymerization,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Image Processing Using Multi-Code GAN Prior (2019)

Despite the success of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in image synthesis, applying trained GAN models to real image processing remains challenging. Previous methods typically invert a target image back to the latent space either by back-propagation or by learning an additional encoder. However, the reconstructions from both of the methods are far from ideal. In this work, we propose a novel approach, called mGANprior, to incorporate the well-trained GANs as effective prior to a variety of image processing tasks. In particular, we employ multiple latent codes to generate multiple feature maps at some intermediate layer of the generator, then compose them with adaptive channel importance to recover the input image. Such an over-parameterization of the latent space significantly improves the image reconstruction quality, outperforming existing competitors. The resulting high-fidelity image reconstruction enables the trained GAN models as prior to many real-world applications, such as image colorization, super-resolution, image inpainting, and semantic manipulation. We further analyze the properties of the layer-wise representation learned by GAN models and shed light on what knowledge each layer is capable of representing.
Instruction retry mechanism for a multimicroprocessor system (1983)

The authors describe an instruction retry mechanism which consists of an instruction retry latch and a protocol between all microprocessors in the system.
Separation of tumor cells with dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic chip (2013)

The present work demonstrates the use of a dielectrophoretic lab-on-a-chip device in effectively separating different cancer cells of epithelial origin for application in circulating tumor cell (CTC) identification. This study uses dielectrophoresis (DEP) to distinguish and separate MCF-7 human breast cancer cells from HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. The DEP responses for each cell type were measured against AC electrical frequency changes in solutions of varying conductivities. Increasing the conductivity of the suspension directly correlated with an increasing frequency value for the first cross-over (no DEP force) point in the DEP spectra. Differences in the cross-over frequency for each cell type were leveraged to determine a frequency at which the two types of cell could be separated through DEP forces. Under a particular medium conductivity, different types of cells could have different DEP behaviors in a very narrow AC frequency band, demonstrating a high specificity of DEP. Using a microfluidic DEP sorter with optically transparent electrodes, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells were successfully separated from each other under a 3.2 MHz frequency in a 0.1X PBS solution. Further experiments were conducted to characterize the separation efficiency (enrichment factor) by changing experimental parameters (AC frequency, voltage, and flow rate). This work has shown the high specificity of the described DEP cell sorter for distinguishing cells with similar characteristics for potential diagnostic applications through CTC enrichment.
Volumetric and Angiogenic Evaluation of Antitumor Effects with Acoustic Liposome and High-Frequency Ultrasound (2011)

Acoustic liposomes (AL) have their inherent echogenicity and can add functionality in serving as drug carriers with tissue specificity. Nonuniform vascular structures and vascular branches/bends are evaluated by imaging the intravascular movement locus of ALs with high-frequency ultrasound (HF-US) imaging. However, the evaluation of antitumor effects on angiogenesis by ALs and HF-US imaging has not been reported. Here, we show that the combination of ALs and an HF-US imaging system is capable of noninvasively evaluating antitumor volumetric and angiogenic effects in preclinical mouse models of various cancers. In this study, the antitumor effects of cisplatin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice bearing two different types of tumor cells were assessed. By tracking each AL flowing in the vessel and transferring the images to personal computers, microvessel structures were mapped and reconstructed using the color difference based on SD method. The antitumor effects were confirmed with an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results show that cisplatin inhibits tumor growth by decreasing intratumoral vessel area but does not affect the angiogenesis ratio in the tumor. The vascular occupancy in the outer region of the tumor was larger than that in the inner region; however, both occupancies were similar to those of the control tumor. We propose that this method of mapping microvessels with ALs and an HF-US system can serve as a new molecular imaging method for the assessment of angiogenesis and can be applied to evaluate the antitumor effects by various therapeutic agents.
Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether ketone)s Containing the Hexafluoroisopropylidene Diphenyl Moiety Prepared by Direct Copolymerization, as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application (2004)

A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (SPAEK-6F) copolymers were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of hexafluoroisopropylidene diphenol with 5,5‘-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 4,4‘-difluorobenzophenone (DFBP) at various molar ratios. The synthesized SPAEK-6F polymers possessed high molecular weights revealed by their high viscosity, and tough and flexible membranes were obtained by casting from DMAc solution. The sulfonate or sulfonic acid content (SC) of the polymers, expressed as a number per repeat unit of polymer, was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and was in good agreement with the initial monomer ratios. The membranes exhibited increased water uptake and swelling with increasing SC and temperature. SPAEK-6F membranes with SC ranging from 0.6 to 1.14 maintained adequate mechanical strength after immersion in water at 80 °C for 24 h. Fenton's reagent test revealed that the SPAEK-6F membranes had good stability to oxidation. The proton conductivities of the SPAEK-6F films increased with SC and temperature, reaching values above 3 × 10-2 S/cm at 80 °C for SC ≥ 0.75. The tensile test indicated that the SPAEK-6F membranes with SC 0.75, 0.98, and 1.14 are tough and strong at ambient conditions. Consequently, these materials proved to be promising as proton exchange membranes and may be potentially useful for application in fuel cells operated at medium temperatures.
Age-Dependent Sensitization of Cutaneous Nociceptors during Developmental Inflammation (2014)

These data suggest that the mechanisms of neonatal pain development may be generated by different afferent subtypes and receptors/channels in an age-related manner.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Novel Steroid Receptor Phyto-Modulator Compound A Inhibits Growth and Survival of Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Novel Steroid Receptor Phyto-Modulator Compound A Inhibits Growth and Survival of Prostate Cancer Cells
The feasibility of wax‐based oleogel as a potential co‐structurant with palm oil in low‐saturated fat confectionery fillings (2016)

In this research, food‐grade oleogels (differing in concentration of bees wax in rice bran oil) were combined with palm oil at three replacement levels (17, 33, and 50%wt) to form a continuous fat phase reduced in saturated fatty acids. We explored the crystallization and gelling behavior of the wax‐based palm‐blend mixtures, and those of the fillings containing sugar and hazelnut particles dispersed in these wax‐based palm‐blend fat phases. The wax‐based palm‐blends were different in chemical nature (unique triacyglycerols in hazelnut oil, rice bran oil, and palm oil; fatty esters, n ‐alkanes, free fatty acids, and free fatty alcohols in bees wax), resulting in the formation of different crystalline morphologies when oleogels and palm oil were crystallized together. The crystallization of BW‐oleogel has proven its contribution to the gelation of the hybrid mixtures during the instant cooling step. The maximum amount of palm oil being replaced by wax‐based oleogels was 17%, resulting in a system having similar gel strength with the reference (100% of palm oil). The gel strength obtained from rheological measurements was explained based on the information obtained from oil binding capacity, microstructure (polarized light microscopy), and thermal studies. The dilution effect was observed and the melting enthalpy decreased with the increasing oleogel fraction. The solid fat content of the final filling products at body temperature was lower than 2.0%wt, suggesting a non‐waxy mouthfeel. This research provides imperative information involved in the use of oleogels for the engineering of low saturated‐fat confectionery products. Practical applications: Food grade beeswax‐oleogel was used in search of a novel alternative for palm oil to limit the consumption of saturated fat content in confectionery products, especially hazelnut filling. A fundamental understanding in the rheological behavior and thermal properties of wax‐based palm‐blend mixtures, and of the wax‐based fillings is very important to evaluate the influence of BW‐oleogel on the crystallization of the continuous fat phase. The obtained data are imperative for the achievement of low‐saturated fat products with a well‐defined structure. These findings will be interest to the readers who are working in the area of food lipid science and technology, especially the use of food‐grade fat‐based alternatives in chocolate and confectionary industry. In this research, food‐grade oleogels (differing in concentration of bees wax in rice bran oil) were combined with palm oil at three replacement levels (17, 33, and 50%wt) to form a continuous fat phase reduced in saturated fatty acids. We explored the crystallization and gelling behavior of the wax‐based palm‐blend mixtures, and those of the fillings containing sugar and hazelnut particles dispersed in these wax‐based palm‐blend fat phases. This research provides imperative information involved in the use of oleogels for the engineering of low saturated‐fat confectionery products.
Application of Electric Current‐Assisted Sintering Techniques for the Processing of Advanced Materials (2020)

Highly efficient energy conversion and storage technologies such as high‐temperature solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells, all‐solid‐state batteries, gas separation membranes, and thermal barrier coatings for advanced turbine systems depend on advanced materials. In all cases, processing of ceramics and metals starting from powders plays a key role and is often a challenging task. Depending on their composition, such powder materials often require high sintering temperatures and show an inherent risk of abnormal grain growth, evaporation, chemical reaction, or decomposition, especially in the case of long dwelling times. Electric current‐assisted sintering (ECAS) techniques are promising to overcome these restrictions, but a lot of fundamental and practical challenges must be solved properly to take full advantage of these techniques. A broad and long‐term expertise in the field of ECAS techniques and comprehensive facilities including conventional field‐assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering (FAST/SPS), hybrid FAST/SPS (with additional heater), sinter forging, and flash sintering (FS) devices are available at the Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1). Herein, main advantages and challenges of these techniques are discussed and the concept to overcome current limitations is introduced on selected examples.
Critical stationary points and descent from saddlepoints in constrained optimization via implicit automatic differentiation (1993)

A stationary point of a constrained optimization problem is called critical, if the first order necessary optimality conditions are fulfilled but the stationary point cannot be classified using second order optimality conditions. In this paper the problem of classifying a critical stationary point is reduced to the application of higher order optimality conditions for a special unconstrained optimization problem. This is possible using implicit automatic differentiation. Theoretical and computational aspects of descending from saddlepoints are considered