gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die Oberflächenexpression von TLR-4 ist bei CF Bronchialepithelzellen reduziert und somit die angeborene und erworbenen Immunreaktion eingeschränkt (2010)

Die Epithelzellen der Atemwege sind Teil der Immunität des Organismus und tragen zur Entzündungsreaktion der Lunge bei, insbesondere durch die Aktivierung von Toll-like Rezeptoren und ihrer Signalwege. Da CF-Atemwege unter einer chronischen Infektion mit Bakterien leiden, wird von einer intrinsisch dysregulierten Immunantwort in CF ausgegangen. Aus diesem Grund haben wir die TLR-4-Expression sowie das inflammatorische Profil in einer bronchialen CF (CFBE41 o -) sowie der entsprechenden CFTR-korrigierten Zelllinie unter ALI-Bedingungen untersucht.
A wideband radar for mapping internal layers in the polar icesheets for estimating accumulation rate (2003)

Determination of the mass balance of the polar ice sheets requires information on the accumulation rate. Remote sensing methods to determine the accumulation rate are essential in reducing the uncertainty associated with interpolating in situ measurements that are obtained from ice cores and pits. This is essential to reducing the 20% of uncertainty in current accumulation rate maps. Using data from surface-based radar experiments we determined optimum parameters for an airborne radar. We developed an airborne prototype and successfully demonstrated that we can map internal layers with about 1 m resolution to a depth of about 120 m over the Greenland ice sheet. We reported the system design, construction and preliminary experimental results at the 2001 IGARSS meeting. We have developed an operational radar system for routine measurement. This system operates in FM-CW and stepped-frequency pulse modes and it has 20-dB more sensitivity than the prototype radar. We also developed a radar target simulator for testing and evaluating system performance. The target simulator was constructed using fiber optic cables, microwave delay lines and RF/optical transceivers to simulate reflections from the air/snow interface, internal layers and the antenna reflection, which degrades the system's sensitivity. The simulator serves a dual purpose of optimizing the system performance in the laboratory and for internal calibration in the field. We also used a CAD package to design and simulate overall radar performance. The use of CAD package and target simulator reduced cost and time associated with the radar development. In addition, we are also able to obtain an accurate system model to deconvolve the system effects from the received signal. We discuss detailed design, construction and performance of the target simulator and operational radar. We show a comparison of the simulation results and laboratory measurements of the radar system. Also we present analysis of the results from measurements made during the 2001 experiments and preliminary results from planned measurements in May 2002.
Abstract MP096: Patterns of Physical Activity Across Pregnancy and Their Association With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (2017)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women, and pregnancy complications reveal risk decades before overt CVD. While physical activity is related to CVD, less is known about how the activity patterns during pregnancy may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypothesis: Increasing activity across pregnancy is related to reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Nulliparous women were enrolled at 8 centers early in pregnancy (n=10,020). Frequency and duration of up to three leisure activities reported in the first, second and third trimester were analyzed as metabolic equivalents (METs). Growth mixture modeling was used to identify activity patterns in pregnancy. Adverse outcomes (preterm birth [PTB], hypertensive disease of pregnancy [HDP], and gestational diabetes [GDM]) were collected by chart abstraction. Results: Four patterns of activity across pregnancy were identified: sustained high (3%, n=297); increasing (12%, n=1231); sustained low (77%, n=7717); and decreasing (8%, n=775; Figure). Women with sustained low activity were younger and more likely to be black or Hispanic, obese, or to have smoked prior to pregnancy when compared to those with increasing activity. Women with sustained low vs. increasing activity had higher rates of PTB (9.2 vs. 6.2%), HDP (13.8 vs. 10.5%), and GDM (4.7 vs. 2.5%; all p &lt;0.01). After adjusting for maternal factors (age, race/ethnicity, BMI and smoking), the risk of GDM remained higher in women with sustained low activity compared with those having increasing activity patterns (adjusted OR 1.79 [1.21, 2.66]). Sustained low activity was also associated with higher risk of PTB (adjusted OR 1.36 [1.05, 1.76]). Conclusion: The majority of women have sustained low activity across pregnancy, and this is independently associated with higher risks of GDM and PTB. These associations raise the possibility that increased activity during pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcomes, and perhaps long-term maternal cardiovascular health.
Comparing optimized exoskeleton assistance of the hip, knee, and ankle in single and multi-joint configurations (2021)

Exoskeletons that assist the hip, knee, and ankle joints have begun to improve human mobility, particularly by reducing the metabolic cost of walking. However, direct comparisons of optimal assistance of these joints, or their combinations, have not yet been possible. Assisting multiple joints may be more beneficial than the sum of individual effects, because muscles often span multiple joints, or less effective, because single-joint assistance can indirectly aid other joints. In this study, we used a hip-knee-ankle exoskeleton emulator paired with human-in-the-loop optimization to find single-joint, two-joint, and whole-leg assistance that maximally reduced the metabolic cost of walking. Hip-only and ankle-only assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking by 26 and 30% relative to walking in the device unassisted, confirming that both joints are good targets for assistance (<i>N</i> = 3). Knee-only assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking by 13%, demonstrating that effective knee assistance is possible (<i>N</i> = 3). Two-joint assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking by between 33 and 42%, with the largest improvements coming from hip-ankle assistance (<i>N</i> = 3). Assisting all three joints reduced the metabolic cost of walking by 50%, showing that at least half of the metabolic energy expended during walking can be saved through exoskeleton assistance (<i>N</i> = 4). Changes in kinematics and muscle activity indicate that single-joint assistance indirectly assisted muscles at other joints, such that the improvement from whole-leg assistance was smaller than the sum of its single-joint parts. Exoskeletons can assist the entire limb for maximum effect, but a single well-chosen joint can be more efficient when considering additional factors such as weight and cost.
DECC/BGS Assessment of Resource Potential of the Bowland Shale, UK (2013)

This paper reviews the results of the DECC-commissioned 2012-13 BGS study to estimate the shale gas resource assessment of the Carboniferous Bowland Shale in central Great Britain. Over 15,000 miles of seismic data were interpreted and integrated with well and outcrop control, BGS mapping, 3D depth modelling, geochemical analysis, and 2D thermal maturity basin modelling. The Bowland Shale, and its laterally equivalent basinal shale formations are known to be important source rocks. The study recognised two depositional units; an organic-rich upper part that is a widespread marine shale unit drowning most platform highs and a lower unit comprised of very thick rift-basin fill shales with mass-flow carbonates and rare mass-flow sandstones, passing laterally to platform carbonates on the paleo-highs. An interpreted top gas window thermal maturity surface was integrated with the depth structure mapping to identify the volume of Bowland shale in the gas window which was used as one of the input parameters for a Monte Carlo simulation of the in-place gas resources. The study estimates a large volume of gas in the shales beneath the UK, but concludes that not enough is known yet to estimate a recovery factor, nor to estimate potential reserves.
Finite-state super transducers for compact language resource representation in edge voice-AI (2022)

Finite-state transducers have been proven to yield compact representations of pronunciation dictionaries used for grapheme-to-phoneme conversion in speech engines running on low-resource embedded platforms. However, for highly inflected languages even more efficient language resource reduction methods are needed. In the paper, we demonstrate that the size of finite-state transducers tends to decrease when the number of word forms in the modelled pronunciation dictionary reaches a certain threshold. Motivated by this finding, we propose and evaluate a new type of finite-state transducers, called ‘finite-state super transducers’, which allow for the representation of pronunciation dictionaries by a smaller number of states and transitions, thereby significantly reducing the size of the language resource representation in comparison to minimal deterministic final-state transducers by up to 25%. Further, we demonstrate that finite-state super transducers exhibit a generalization capability as they may accept and thereby phonetically transform even inflected word forms that had not been initially represented in the original pronunciation dictionary used for building the finite-state super transducer. This method is suitable for speech engines operating on platforms at the edge of an AI system with restricted memory capabilities and processing power, where efficient speech processing methods based on compact language resources must be implemented.
Worth Syndrome—Patient Report, Diagnostic Work-Up, and Surgical Management of a Rare Craniofacial Entity (2023)

Worth syndrome is a rare genetic bone disorder that often presents with cortical thickening of the mandible and an increase in mandibular width. The authors report the preoperative considerations in a young female with Worth syndrome, operative planning, and successful mandibular reduction using cutting guides.
Statistical Analysis of Single‐Molecule Junctions (2004)

Establishing contact: Recent progress in the investigation of single-molecule contacts established in an electrochemical scanning tunneling experiment are described (see picture). The setup allows for the successive formation of many hundreds of junctions and a statistical analysis of the voltage dependence of the electrical current. This method is a new reliable tool to characterize molecular junctions and contributes to elucidating the potential of molecular electronics.
IRE1α–XBP1 signaling in leukocytes controls prostaglandin biosynthesis and pain (2019)

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1[α] (IRE1[α])-X-box binding protein spliced (XBP1) signaling maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis while controlling immunometabolic processes. Yet, the physiological consequences of IRE1α-XBP1 activation in leukocytes remain unexplored. We found that induction of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (<i>Ptgs2</i>/Cox-2) and prostaglandin E synthase (<i>Ptges</i>/mPGES-1) was compromised in IRE1α-deficient myeloid cells undergoing ER stress or stimulated through pattern recognition receptors. Inducible biosynthesis of prostaglandins, including the pro-algesic mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE<sub>2</sub>), was decreased in myeloid cells that lack IRE1α or XBP1 but not other ER stress sensors. Functional XBP1 transactivated the human <i>PTGS2</i> and <i>PTGES</i> genes to enable optimal PGE<sub>2</sub> production. Mice that lack IRE1α-XBP1 in leukocytes, or that were treated with IRE1α inhibitors, demonstrated reduced pain behaviors in PGE<sub>2</sub>-dependent models of pain. Thus, IRE1α-XBP1 is a mediator of prostaglandin biosynthesis and a potential target to control pain.
Variation of1J(C1′, H1′) with glycosidic bond conformation of pyrimidine nucleosides (1984)

1J(C1′, H1′) magnitudes of a series of pyrimidine cyclonucleosides are found to vary quantitatively with glycosidic bond conformation. Measurements of J(C1′, H1′) in pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides can be used to determine the range of allowed syn and anti conformations.
Room-temperature strong coupling in a single photon emitter-dielectric metasurface system (2022)

Single-photon sources with high brightness and long coherence time are promising qubit candidates for quantum technology. To this end, interfacing emitters with high-finesse cavities is required, especially in the strong coupling regime, which so far has only been limited to cryogenic temperatures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate, at room temperature, strong coupling between a single photon emitter and a novel cavity based on optical bound states in the continuum. A remarkably large Rabi splitting of ~4 meV is achieved thanks to the combination of the narrow linewidth and large oscillator strength of emitters in hexagonal boron nitride and the efficient photon trapping of the cavity. Our findings unveil new opportunities to realise scalable quantum devices and explore fundamentally new regimes of strong coupling in quantum systems at room-temperature.
Shifting concepts in rectal cancer management (2012)

The management of rectal cancer has transformed over the last 3 decades and continues to evolve. Some of these changes parallel progress made with other cancers: refinement of surgical technique to improve organ preservation, selective use of neoadjuvant (and adjuvant) therapy, and emergence of criteria suggesting a role for individually tailored therapy. Other changes are driven by fairly unique issues including functional considerations, rectal anatomic features, and surgical technical issues. Further complexity is due to the variety of staging modalities (each with its own limitations), neoadjuvant treatment alternatives, and competing strategies for sequencing multimodal treatment even for nonmetastatic disease. Importantly, observations of tumor response made in the era of neoadjuvant therapy are reshaping some traditionally held concepts about tumor behavior. Frameworks for prioritizing and integrating complex data can help to formulate treatment plans for patients.
Imidazole and its Derivates as Inhibitors for Prevention of Corrosion of Copper in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions (2000)

The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of imidazole and its derivates 4-methylimidazole, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 1-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole for the corrosion inhibition of copper in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Corrosion inhibition was studied using impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic methods. Results obtained from the a.c. impedance measurements are in good agreement with those obtained from d.c. polarisation measurements. The copper samples were also analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray microanalysis. These studies have shown that 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole has the highest inhibition efficiency.
The Association of Blood Component Use Ratios With the Survival of Massively Transfused Trauma Patients With and Without Severe Brain Injury (2011)

High platelet ratio was associated with improved survival in TBI+ patients while a high plasma ratio was associated with improved survival in TBI- patients. Prospective studies of blood product ratios should include TBI in the analysis for determination of optimal use of ratios on outcome in injured patients.
Explicit solutions to optimal control problems for constrained continuous-time linear systems (2005)

An algorithmic framework is presented for the derivation of the explicit optimal control policy for continuous-time linear dynamic systems that involve constraints on the process inputs and outputs. The control actions are usually computed by regularly solving an on-line optimisation problem in the discrete-time space based on a set of measurements that specify the current process state. A way to derive the explicit optimal control law, thereby, eliminating the need for rigorous on-line computations has already been reported in the literature, but it is limited to discrete-time linear dynamic systems. The currently presented approach derives the optimal state-feedback control law off-line for a continuous-time dynamic plant representation. The control law is proved to be nonlinear piecewise differentiable with respect to the system state and does not require the repetitive solution of on-line optimisation problems. Hence, the on-line implementation is reduced to a sequence of function evaluations. The key advantages of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated via two illustrative examples.
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody with Specificity for Human Interferon Gamma (1983)

We developed a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for human interferon gamma (HuIFN-gamma) by hybridizing cells from the NS-1 myeloma cell line with spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with partially purified HuIFN-gamma. Hybridoma culture supernatants were screened for neutralization of antiviral activity of HuIFN-gamma by the method determining the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis assay (INAS), employing human fibroblasts infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC). Clones exhibiting neutralization of antiviral activity of HuIFN-gamma were recloned, retested and an MAb with maximum neutralization activity was selected. This MAb was of IgM subclass and was specific for HuIFN-gamma. Antiviral activities either of human leukocyte-derived (HuIFN-alpha) or human fibroblast-derived interferon (HuIFN-beta) were not affected by this monoclonal antibody as determined by the INAS test. The specificity of the MAb for HuIFN-gamma was further confirmed by an indirect immunoprecipitation method, where monoclonal antibody-HuIFN-gamma complexes were immunoprecipitated with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin and remaining IFN activity in the supernatants was determined by virus yield reduction assay. Ammonium sulfate precipitated preparations of this MAb were able to significantly increase (range of 230- to 1300-fold) the virus yield when compared with that obtained in the presence of IFN-gamma. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the MAb immunoprecipitates a molecule of Mr = 47 kD under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, two additional bands of Mr = 26 kD (major band) and Mr = 21 kD (minor band) were observed. A sepharose affinity column was constructed using this MAb and was able to retain approximately 60% of the partially purified HuIFN-gamma preparation applied. Significant amounts of HuIFN-gamma were eluted by increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the pH. HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-beta were not retained by this column.
Cyclic C-Amino Phosphorus Ylides as a Source of Bidentate Heteroditopic Ligands (Phosphine/Aminocarbene) for Transition Metals (2006)

In contrast with most of their congeners, acyclic and cyclic C-amino phosphorus ylides behave as genuine carbene and phosphine transfer agents for transition metal centers. They allow the facile synthesis of a variety of metal complexes that feature heteroditopic ligands, such as 1,6-(phosphine)(aminocarbene) systems with a biphenyl backbone.
SFP + High-Speed Channel Performance Simulation and Measure (2015)

The 10Gbps high-speed serial interface has been used in data transmission widely. As the bandwidth demanding for high-speed communication network sharply increases, it is increasingly important to investigate the interconnection of high-speed serial interface. In this paper, the SFP+ interface signal integrity (SI) were analyzed with EM simulation and the lab measurement. The 2.5D and 3D modeling methodologies were introduced for the interest transmission line in the frequency domain. We measured its differential mode (DM) reflection and transmission coefficients, subsequently observed the variation of DM impedance and analyzed the causes of impedance discontinuity by the utilization of TDR measurement, and finally put forward several methods to improve the SI. It is notable that the simulation results of the 2.5D and 3D model are almost identical by comparison, which means that 2.5D modeling methodologies also can achieve high accuracy around 10Ghz. Additionally, we optimized the SI simulation results by varying the output voltage and pre-emphasis parameters. Finally, the SFP+ compliance test shows the simulation has good agreement with lab measurement in the time domain.
Cloning and Characterization of a Putative Farnesoic Acid Omethyltransferase Gene from the Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (2010)

Juvenile hormone (JH) plays key roles in both metamorphosis and adult reproductive processes. Farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase (FAMeT) is thought to be an important enzyme in the JH biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing methylation of farnesoic acid (FA) to methyl farnesoate (MF). A full-length cDNA (NlFAMeT) encoding a 299 amino acid putative FAMeT was isolated from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Geometroidea), a major rice pest in many parts of Asia. NlFAMeT showed high amino acid identities (52-54%) with other insect FAMeTs. Although the NlFAMeT transcript was expressed highly in corpus allatum (CA) and brain (without CA), no correlation was found between NlFAMeT transcript and JH titers. Although only a low level of NlFAMeT transcript was detected in the ovary, a high level was found in the abdomen and should be in one or more tissues undefined in the abdomen. Also, NlFAMeT transcript had a positive change during the vitellogenesis in female adults. These data indicated that NlFAMeT might not be a key enzyme in JH synthesis in N. lugens, but that it may play an important role in the ovary development. It might also be important in some unknown process in a so-far unidentified tissue in the abdomen.
A new idiom recognition framework for exploiting hardware-assist instructions (2006)

Modern processors support hardware-assist instructions (such as TRT and TROT instructions on IBM zSeries) to accelerate certain functions such as delimiter search and character conversion. Such special instructions have often been used in high performance libraries, but they have not been exploited well in optimizing compilers except for some limited cases. We propose a new idiom recognition technique derived from a topological embedding algorithm [4] to detect idiom patterns in the input program more aggressively than in previous approaches. Our approach can detect a pattern even if the code segment does not exactly match the idiom. For example, we can detect a code segment that includes additional code within the idiom pattern. We implemented our new idiom recognition approach based on the Java Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler that is part of the J9 Java Virtual Machine, and we supported several important idioms for special hardware-assist instructions on the IBM zSeries and on some models of the IBM pSeries. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, we performed two experiments. The first one is to see how many more patterns we can detect compared to the previous approach. The second one is to see how much performance improvement we can achieve over the previous approach. For the first experiment, we used the Java Compatibility Kit (JCK) API tests. For the second one we used IBM XML parser, SPECjvm98, and SPCjbb2000. In summary, relative to a baseline implementation using exact pattern matching, our algorithm converted 75% more loops in JCK tests. We also observed significant performance improvement of the XML parser by 64%, of SPECjvm98 by 1%, and of SPECjbb2000 by 2% on average on a z990. Finally, we observed the JIT compilation time increases by only 0.32% to 0.44%.
Potential therapeutic targets for lung repair during humanex vivolung perfusion (2020)

EVLP and transplantation share common molecular features of injury including innate inflammation and cell death. Blocking these pathways during EVLP may allow for lung repair prior to transplantation.