gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wing box optimization under combined shear and bending. (1966)

A method is presented for determining the optimum proportions of a minimum weight multirib or multiweb wing box structure subjected to vertical shear and unidirectional bending moment. The optimization expressions are presented in general form to encompass any combination of cover and support structure for which individual efficiency equations are available. The optimum wing box design is determined by minimizing total structure weight, including the compression cover panel and appropriate substructure. The influence of minimum gage and fastening material can be included for the support structure. It is shown that the effect of vertical shear on the spacing of the webs is equally as important as the moment load in determining the minimum box weight. In a design example, three cover configurations are compared for both the multirib and multiweb structural concepts for a typical high aspect ratio wing. A table of 23 optimized wide column and compression panel cover concepts is presented, including the necessary design equations and graphs for any desired structural efficiency. An analysis for corrugated shear webs, optimized for simultaneous shear buckling, is included.
Tissue-engineered hypertrophic chondrocyte grafts enhanced long bone repair biomaterials (2017)

Bone has innate ability to regenerate following injury. However, large and complex fractures exceed bone's natural repair capacity and result in non-unions, requiring external intervention to facilitate regeneration. One potential treatment solution, tissue-engineered bone grafts, has been dominated by recapitulating intramembranous ossification (bone formation by osteoblasts), although most serious bone injuries heal by endochondral ossification (bone formation by remodeling of hypertrophic cartilaginous anlage). The field has demonstrated that using endochondral ossification-based strategies can lead to bone deposition. However, stem cell differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes, the key cell type in endochondral ossification, have not been studied for long bone defect repair. With translation in mind, we created tissue-engineered grafts using human adipose stem cells (ASC), a clinically relevant stem cell source, differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes in decellularized bone scaffolds, and implanted these grafts into critical-size femoral defects in athymic rats. Over 12 weeks of implantation, these grafts were compared to acellular scaffolds and grafts engineered using ASC-derived osteoblasts. Grafts engineered using hypertrophic chnodrocytes recapitulated endochondral ossification, as evidenced by the expression of genes and proteins associated with bone formation. Markedly enhanced bone deposition was associated with extensive bone remodeling and the formation of bone marrow, and with the presence of pro-regenerative M2 macrophages within the hypertrophic grafts. As a result, hypertrophic chondrocyte grafts bridged 7/8 defects, as compared to only 1/8 for osteoblast grafts and 3/8 acellular scaffolds. These data suggest that ASC-derived hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteogenic scaffolds can improve long bone repair.
Integrated solar cell array antenna for satellite and terrestrial communications (2005)

This paper describes a feasibility study of integrating photovoltaic solar cells in planar antenna structure. The approach for the solar array development is based on monolithic interconnected module (MIM) and GaAs technologies, which is structurally more compact and has higher efficiency compared to Si solar array based on hybrid approaches. To facilitate integration and provide maximum real estate for the solar array, miniaturized patch antennas with coplanar waveguide (CPW)/slotline feed were employed. In the paper, the design of a 2times2 array, the main feature of the proposed approach and experimental results would be presented and discussed
Facile, high efficiency immobilization of lipase enzyme on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via a biomimetic coating (2011)

Immobilization of enzyme onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via poly-dopamine film is economical, facile and efficient.
Defect Prediction With Semantics and Context Features of Codes Based on Graph Representation Learning (2020)

To optimize the process of software testing and to improve software quality and reliability, many attempts have been made to develop more effective methods for predicting software defects. Previous work on defect prediction has used machine learning and artificial software metrics. Unfortunately, artificial metrics are unable to represent the features of syntactic, semantic, and context information of defective modules. In this article, therefore, we propose a practical approach for identifying software defect patterns via the combination of semantics and context information using abstract syntax tree representation learning. Graph neural networks are also leveraged to capture the latent defect information of defective subtrees, which are pruned based on a fix-inducing change. To validate the proposed approach for predicting defects, we define mining rules based on the GitHub workflow and collect 6052 defects from 307 projects. The experiments indicate that the proposed approach performs better than the state-of-the-art approach and five traditional machine learning baselines. An ablation study shows that the information about code concepts leads to a significant increase in accuracy.
Handling the pin overhead problem of DFTs for high-quality and at-speed tests (2002)

The pin overhead problem of nonscan design for testability (DFT) and built-in self-test design has been an unsolved problem for a long time. A new algorithm is proposed to connect extra pins of control test points with primary inputs. An economical test point structure is introduced, in which only one gate delay is added to the corresponding functional paths inserted into a control test point. Unlike almost all of the previous nonscan DFT methods which do not handle pin overhead well, this method allows at most three extra pins. Techniques are presented to connect an extra input of a control test point to a primary input in order to avoid conflicts produced by the newly generated reconvergent fanouts. Similar techniques are proposed to connect more than one control input with the same PI. Sufficient experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
A Matrix Factorization Based Framework for Fusion of Physical and Social Sensors (2020)

Our world is witnessing the on-going substantial increase in the number of multimodal physical and social sensors that are ubiquitously distributed and observing or reporting what is happening in their surroundings. These sensors provide massive amounts of spatio-temporal digital footprints which can be analyzed for various tasks such as event detection or situation awareness. However, inherent noise due to the nature of these sensors result in imprecise data and hence imprecise analysis. Also, the heterogeneous data from different modalities, formats and sources make interpreting different levels of information a big challenge. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel unified matrix factorization-based model to fuse physical and social sensor signals for spatio-temporal analysis. Readings of physical sensor signals are represented by a spatio-temporal situation matrix, which then incorporates social content that can provide explanations for the signal strengths. We test our framework on large-scale real-world data including PSI stations data, traffic CCTV camera images, and tweets for situation prediction as well as for filtering noise to detect events of diverse situations. The experimental results suggest that the proposed matrix factorization approach can utilize the sources correlation, resulting in better performances in various situational understanding tasks.
OTT-MKL1 and MKL1 Inhibit Wnt Signaling. (2008)

Abstract The OTT-MKL1 fusion gene product is generated as a result of t(1;22) in a subset of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia predominantly encountered in young children. Due to myelofibrosis and the age at presentation, patient samples are scarce. We generated Human Erythroid Leukemia (HEL) cell derived cell lines with tet-inducible OTT, MKL1 and OTT-MKL1 to further elucidate the function of the respective proteins. HEL cells can be induced to differentiate down the megakaryocyte lineage by TPA. Induction with doxycycline resulted in transcription and translation of the respective genes within hours. While overexpression of MKL1 led to enhancement of megakaryocytic differentiation, both OTT and OTT-MKL1 overexpression led to cell death over the course of several days by apoptosis as evident by staining for Annexin V and morphology. The apoptotic cell death was greatly enhanced by concomitant induction of differentiation by TPA. We performed microarray analysis comparing uninduced and 8-hour tet-induced samples in the presence or absence of TPA. While overexpression of OTT had only a minimal effect on the transcriptome of the HEL cells, both MKL1 and OTT-MKL1 significantly affected the gene expression of many genes. Using a false discovery rate cut-off of p &amp;lt; 0.05, and assessing only those genes whose expression changed by greater than 2-fold, OTT-MKL1 and MKL1 induced the upregulation of 157 and 168 genes, respectively, and the downregulation of 56 and 62 genes, respectively. Only 20 genes were upregulated by both OTT-MKL1 and MKL1, and 12 genes were downregulated greater than 2-fold by both OTT-MKL1 and MKL1. GeneGo analysis comparing OTT-MKL1 over-expressing versus non-expressing cells revealed over-representation of the Wnt pathway. Among the differentially expressed genes implicated in the Wnt pathway were Frat1 and Frat2, which have been shown to inhibit GSK3β and lead to β-catenin nuclear accumulation, and thus stimulation of the Wnt pathway. At the same time, inhibitory NLK was upregulated and several down-stream targets of the Wnt pathway were downregulated. Spenito, the homolog of OTT in Drosophila, is known to have promoter-specific activating and inhibiting effects on Wnt target genes. We thus performed reporter assays to study the effects of OTT, MKL1 and OTT-MKL1 on the Wnt pathway. Using the TOP-/FOP-FLASH reporter system in 293T cells, there was a dose-dependent inhibition of β-catenin-mediated activation of the Tcf/Lef binding site promoter by MKL1 and OTT-MKL1. Full length OTT showed a minimal stimulatory effect only at low doses., while N-terminal OTT, lacking the SPOC domain and a dominant negative form of MKL1 lacking the transactivation domain each enhanced β-catenin induced Tcf/Lef mediated transcriptional activation. Studies to define the domains of OTT and MKL1 and the underlying mechanisms in hematopoietic cells are underway. These results suggest that MKL1 and OTT-MKL1 inhibit canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting β-catenin induced transcription.
Comparative studies of coagulation in a batch and continuous mode systems (2023)

Coagulation studies were carried out simultaneously in a batch and continuous mode systems.Four coagulants of varied properties were used.Both test procedures contained the same process phases (rapid mixing, fl occulation, sedimentation) and a corresponding coagulant dosage range (1.7-3.3 gAl/m 3 ).In the batch mode test, the raw water composition was stable, while in the continuous mode test it was subject to changes resulting from natural variation in source water properties.The main process effectiveness measures were: color, absorbance at 254 nm, and dissolved organic carbon content.Studies in the batch mode system showed clear linear relationships between coagulant dosage and effectiveness of analyzed water contamination indicators values reduction.Tests in fl ow conditions confi rmed the relationships found in the batch test, albeit with lesser agreement with a linear effectiveness -coagulant dosage model.Due to a comparison of coagulation results from both test systems, it was possible to determine the relationships between coagulation effectiveness obtained in continuous and batch mode systems.The linear relationships obtained show a dependence on current raw water properties and the type of coagulant used.However, in many cases, these relationships do not differ signifi cantly as with respect to analyzed water quality indicators.The general rule is that the effectiveness observed in the continuous mode system is larger than that for the batch mode process, which is justifi ed due to different process conditions.Determining the relationship between coagulation results obtained for different experimental procedures allows for predicting effects of changes in technical systems based on laboratory results.
The role of IL-1β on IKKβ inhibitors induced neutrophilia (116.4) (2011)

Abstract Transcription factor NF-κB and its activating kinase IκB Kinase β (IKKβ) are critical for inflammation and immunity. Pharmacological inhibitors of IKKβ-NF-κB could be used for the treatment of inflammation. It was unexpected that IKKβ inhibitors (MLN120B) cause neutrophilia in mice but the mechanism remained unknown. IL-1β acted as a growth factor for myeloid progenitors and a survival factor for mature neutrophils. We tried to investigate the role of IL-1β on IKKβ inhibitors induced neutrophilia. Using conditional deletion of loxP-flanked Ikbkb alleles in myeloid cells in mice, we found severe neutrophilia after IKKβ deletion. Without any stimulus, Ikkβ-deleted mice produced more circulating IL-1β than age-matched wild-type mice. Isolated Ikkβ-deleted monocytes and macrophages secreted higher amounts of IL-1β than wild-type controls without stimulation. Treatment of wild-type mice with IKKβ inhibitors also led to neutrophilia within 8 days, which would be prevented by concomitant treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonis. Neutrophilia in mice after deletion of IKKβ seems IL-1β dependent. Excessive IL-1β signaling is responsible for the uncontrolled neutrophilia and inflammation in IKKβ-deleted mice. Enhanced IL-1β production represents a compensatory mechanism for maintaining immunity when NF-κB is inhibited and compensates for loss of NF-κB-dependent antibacterial immunity.
The Effect of Acid Strength on the Mitsunobu Esterification Reaction:  Carboxyl vs Hydroxyl Reactivity (1996)

In the presence of carboxylic acids, the adduct formed between triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate reacts to form mono- and bis-acylated hydrazides and the carboxylic acid anhydrides. These products are formed via attack of the carboxylate on the triphenylphosphonium group of the adduct, with weaker acids reacting much faster than stronger acids. This provides an explanation for the observation in the literature that acids stronger than acetic acid, such as 4-nitrobenzoic acid and chloroacetic acid, provide better yields in esterification reactions, since reaction of the alcohol with the phosphonium group of the adduct is more rapid than the competing reaction of the carboxylate for the phosphonium group.
A Flexible Front-End for Wearable Electrochemical Sensing (2018)

This work presents the design and the realization of a flexible front-end circuitry for electrochemical sensing with wearable devices. The hardware combines readout circuitry for amperometric and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) measurements. The sensing platforms are dedicated to lactate and lithium detection in sweat, hence allowing the monitoring of athletes under physical effort. The wearability of the system is ensured by the flexibility of the electronic substrate, its small dimensions that fit an armband case, and the wireless transmission through a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module. The power consumption of the system has been evaluated to be 200mW, with 3.6V on board power supply.
Mineralization of the Deep Gray Matter with Age: A Retrospective Review with Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging (2007)

This study documents the course and pattern of mineralization in the deep gray matter with age, as determined by SWI. These findings may play a role in evaluating diseased brains in the future.
Absolute intensities and pressure-broadening coefficients of 2-µm CO_2 absorption features: intracavity laser spectroscopy (2001)

The high detection sensitivity available from intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) is extended into the near infrared by solid-state laser systems operating with relatively narrow (~0.002 mum) bandwidths for three CO(2) absorption features of importance to an understanding of planetary atmospheres. The absolute intensities and pressure-broadening properties of the P(12), P(14), and P(16) lines of the ?-? band (12 degrees 1-00 degrees 0) of CO(2) (at 2.0129, 2.0136, and 2.0143 mum) are measured quantitatively by ILS with a Tm:YAG laser operating near 2.0 mum. The temperature dependencies of these absolute intensities and collisional-broadening parameters for these three CO(2) features are also measured over the 110-300 K range. The 3.0-km equivalent absorption path length available from the ILS Tm:YAG system is used to enhance detection sensitivity by more than a factor of 1.5 x 10(4) while maintaining a physical sample cell path length of ~20 cm. The enhanced detection sensitivity of ILS permits absolute intensities and collisional-broadening parameters to be measured from <1-Torr CO(2) over a series of temperatures, conditions that emulate those found in the atmospheres of Mars, Triton, and Venus.
Urban Roadside Safety (2009)

Roadside safety in rural environments has been the focus of considerable study, but direct application of this knowledge to the constrained urban environment has posed many challenges. Restricted right-of-way with a greater demand for functional use of the space adjacent to urban roads makes the maintenance of a wide clear zone impractical. This paper summarizes a corridor roadside crash analysis used to help identify urban roadside safety issues and illuminate possible solutions for attempting to mitigate objects in the roadside that have the potential to increase injury severity if hit. The paper focuses on arterial and collector-type facilities in urban areas with speed limits between 25 and 50 mph. The authors assessed corridors of urban roadside conditions and compared 6 years of historic crash data with roadside features. The goal of this effort was to identify potential configurations that posed a greater risk by the use of cluster-crash analysis. Locations with similar features without these companion crashes provided insight into prospective alternative treatments for roadside safety in urban environments. The higher-risk roadside locations identified by these approaches were referred to as urban control zones. The most commonly observed roadside crashes included locations in close lateral proximity to the curb face or lane edge, lane merge locations, select auxiliary lane treatments, sidewalk buffer configurations with rigid objects in close proximity to the travelway, driveway and intersection locations, high-cluster-crash locations, and other common roadside crash conditions.
21세기 인도네시아-인도의 관계 재활성화: 안보와 경제협력을 중심으로 (2012)

21세기로 들어서서 인도네시아와 인도의 국제관계가 급속하게 가까워지고 있다. 1950년대에 비동맹 운동을 이끌었던 두 나라 간의 정치적 연대와 국제 공조가 다시 재연되고 있는 것이다. 이들 두 나라의 국제관계는 1990년대 초 냉전체제의 종식에 다른 경제발전 욕구에 의해 개선되기 시작되었다. 인도가 인도네시아를 비롯한 동남아 국가들의 급속한 경제발전에 고무되어 동방정책 (Look East Policy)을 실시하면서 문호를 개방하였기 때문이다. 그러나 1990년대에 두 나라간의 경제적 협력은 큰 진전을 보지 못하였는데, 이는 1997년의 아시아 경제위기가 인도네시아 경제를 매우 어렵게 만들었기 때문이었다. 이와는 반대로 안보와 국방 부문의 협력은 점진적으로 발전하게 되었는데, 이는 확대되는 중국의 동남아에 대한 위협적인개입과 멀라카 해협(Strait of Malacca)의 해적을 소탕하는 문제와 이슬람 테러리스트 세력을 색출하는 문제 등 초국가적인 문제에 두 나라의 긴밀한 협력이 필요하였기 때문이다. 21세기에 들어서 두 나라는 좀 더 발전된 안보협력과 경제적 협력에 커다란 진전을 보인다. 특히 2005년에 체결된 전략적 동반자협정(Strategic Partnership Agreement)은 두 나라의 협력에 새로운 장을 열게 되었다. 이 협정 체결 이후에 두 나라 간의 무역과 투자는 급속하게 증가하고 있으며, 2015년에 25억 달러의 무역목표를 달성하기 위한 포괄적 경제협력협정(Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement)에 이르게 되었다. 특히 국제안보와 경제협력분야에서 인도네시아-인도 두 나라는 공히 국익제고의 방향과 목표가 일치하면서 급속한 공조가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 두 나라 간의 급속한 결속은 중국의 영향력을 견제하고 향후 동남아는 물론이고 아시아의 국제정치와 경제에도 큰 영향을 미치는 새로운 변수가 될 것으로 예상된다.
Steps to implement Bayesian input distribution selection (1999)

There are known pragmatic and theoretical difficulties associated with some standard approaches for input distribution selection for discrete-event simulations. One difficulty is a systematic underestimate of the variance of the expected simulation output that comes from not knowing the 'true' parameter values. Another is a lack of quantification of the probability that a given distribution is best. Bayesian methods have been proposed as an alternative, but acceptance has not yet been achieved, in part because of increased computational demands, as well as challenges posed by the specification of prior distributions. In this paper, we show that responses to questions like those already asked and answered in practice can be used to develop prior distributions for a wide class of models. Further, we illustrate techniques for addressing some computational difficulties thought to be associated with the implementation of Bayesian methodology.
The Evolution of C++: language design in the marketplace of ideas (1994)

Part 1 The early years: the evolution of C++ - 1985 to 1989, Bjarne Stroustrup possible directions for C++, Bjarne Stroustrup the design and implementation of InterViews, Mark A. Linton and Paul R. Calder building well-behaved type relationships in C++, R.B. Murray. Part 2 Multiple inheritance: the case against multiple inheritance in C++, T.A. Cargill the case for multiple inheritance in C++, Jim Waldo signature-based polymorphism for C++, Elana D. Granston and Vincent F. Russo. Part 3 Exception handling: exception handling for C++, Andrew Koenig and Bjarne Stroustrup an exception handling implementation for C++, Michael D. Tiemann. Part 4 Runtime typing: runtime access to type information in C++, John A. Interrante and Mark A. Linton type identification in C++, Dmitry Lenkov et al. Part 5 Distributed computing: solving the RPC problem in GNU C++, Michael D. Tiemann reliable distributed programming in C++ - the Arjuna approach, Graham D. Parrington the separation of interface and implementation in C++, Bruce Martin.
Evaluation of Flow Cytometric Methods to Measure Human Sperm Concentration (2001)

Human sperm concentration is usually assessed using hemocytometry (HM). However, external and internal quality control schemes have shown that the accuracy of this method is low overall. Flow cytometry (FC) is a rapid, accurate, and reproducible technology for the quantification of various cell populations. We used 3 FC methods for human sperm counting from a 1:1 mixture of a diluted semen sample with a suspension of fluorospheres of known concentrations. The events that represented sperm cells were detected according to 1) gating on size and granularity (FCM1), 2) gating on DNA staining by propidium iodide (FCM2), and 3) a combination of FCM1 and FCM2 (FCM3). Sperm concentration was calculated from the ratio of detected events to fluorosphere counts and fluorosphere concentration. A pilot study undertaken by 12 technicians from different laboratories to compare FCM1 with HM showed a general agreement between both methods, despite wide variations in sperm concentration exhibited by HM due to the use of unoptimized procedures. A second experiment indicated that the overall variability in sperm concentration assessment by FCM1 was lower than that produced by HM when performed by 2 technicians using optimal procedures for 3 preparations of the same semen samples. The overall mean coefficients of variation were 3.9% for FCM1 vs 8.0% for technician 1, 12.3% for technician 2 (P < .05), and 15.7% for both technicians (P < .05). FCM1, FCM2, and FCM3 were compared with HM performed by a single trained technician for 39 semen samples (triplicates) of various quality. Compared with HM, FCM1 and FCM2 overestimated the sperm concentration by 14% and 8%, respectively, against only 4% per million sperm for FCM3, which was effective for the full spectrum of sperm concentrations (except azoospermia). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that human sperm concentration can be accurately assessed by the FC method combining gating on cell size, granularity, and DNA staining.