gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entanglement Capability of Two-qubit Operations (2001)

Abstract We study the optimal way of creating bi-partite entanglement using a general two-qubit in­ teraction. On the one hand, we analyze the entanglement capability of an arbitrary non-local Hamiltonian acting on two qubits. We explicitly calculate the state which maximizes the entangle­ ment produced per time step 81 during the non-local evolution. On the other hand, we determine the maximal amount of entanglement which can be produced by an arbitrary two-qubit gate. We also give the separable state which leads to the output state containing this amount of entanglement. Furthermore, we consider the situation where auxiliary systems are present. Finally, we determine the non-unitary processes which are able to create entanglement from an initially separable state of two systems.
Facile Colorimetric Nanozyme Sheet for the Rapid Detection of Glyphosate in Agricultural Products Based on Inhibiting Peroxidase-Like Catalytic Activity of Porous Co3O4 Nanoplates (2021)

The rapid and onsite detection of glyphosate herbicides in agricultural products is still a challenge. Herein, a novel colorimetric nanozyme sheet for the rapid detection of glyphosate has been successfully prepared through the physical adsorption of porous Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoplates on a polyester fiber membrane. Glyphosate can specifically inhibit the peroxidase-mimicking catalytic activity of porous Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoplates, thereby the visual detection of glyphosate can be realized by distinguishing the change in the color intensity of the established nanozyme sheet. The prepared nanozyme sheet has good sensitivity and selectivity, with a detection limit of 0.175 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> for glyphosate detection just by the naked eyes. It can effectively detect glyphosate within 10 min, and the color spots can maintain more than 20 min. The nanozyme sheet is not easily affected by the external environment in detection and storage. The merits of the nanozyme sheet facilitate its practical application in the large-scale preliminary screening of glyphosate residues in agricultural products.
322-OR: Impairment of Alpha-Cell Bioenergetics Contributes to Increased Basal Yet Decreased Glucose Stimulated Oxygen Consumption Rates of Isolated Human Pancreatic Islets in T1DM and T2DM (2020)

Fuel stimulated hormone release (HR) and the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of isolated normal pancreatic islets are positively correlated illustrating that cellular energy state is a critical determinant of stimulus-secretion coupling. We investigated the relationship between hormone release and OCR in islets from donors with T1DM and T2DM, using unique oxygen measurement technology and optimized perifusion protocols. HR and OCR were quantified in 20 human donor islet preparations obtained from the Human Islet Resource Center at the University of Pennsylvania within 3-4 days after isolation (5 each of nondiabetic, T1DM, T2DM and anti-islet AutoAntiBody positive (AAB+). A physiological amino acid mixture (4mM) was used to stimulate glucagon release, then 3 and 16.7mM glucose were added to stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon release. Respiration was then uncoupled with FCCP and finally blocked by NaN3. Basal OCR was increased in islets from AAB+, T1DM and T2DM donors compared to controls. Low glucose failed to increase OCR in T1DM and T2DM islets while high glucose-stimulated OCR was both decreased and delayed. Glucose stimulated insulin release much less effectively and failed to suppress glucagon release in both T1DM and T2DM islets. AAB+ islets showed normal insulin release but lacked glucose suppression of glucagon release. The observation of increased basal-OCR of islets in all diabetes related conditions and reduced glucose-stimulated-OCR in T1DM and T2DM islets unrelated to hormone release rates is striking and indicates a profound alteration of bioenergetics regulation in these conditions hitherto unrecognized. Common to this pathophysiology are an increase in relative alpha-cell mass (T1DM and T2DM) or a functional defect of these cells (AAB+) providing a plausible explanation for this phenomenology and implying impaired alpha-cell energy metabolism. Disclosure N.M. Doliba: None. A.V. Rozo: None. W. Qin: None. J. Roman: None. C. Liu: None. A. Naji: None. K.H. Kaestner: None. D.A. Stoffers: None. F. Matschinsky: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (UC4DK112217)
Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes Leaves in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats (2017)

Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes (MT) leaves are traditionally used as a medicine for treating or preventing cardiovascular disease in Tibet. In addition to the effect of this medicinal plant on thrombosis, we tested its effect on dyslipidemia in a hypolipidemic rat model. A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, as follows: normal control, model control, simvastatin groups, and MT low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. The normal controls were fed with a normal diet, whereas all other groups were fed with a high-fat diet. After 6 weeks, the high-fat diet had induced hyperlipidemia in the rats, which were then orally administered with different doses of MT leaf extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for an additional 6 weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c and HDL-c, respectively), as well as the antioxidant capacity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHP-x), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the end of the study. MT significantly reduced serum TC, TG, and LDL-c and increased the HDL-c content in MT-treated rats compared with the model group. These changes were dose dependent. MT treatment also significantly elevated the activity of SOD and GSHP-x, and decreased the serum levels of MDA compared with untreated hyperlipidemic rats, thereby increasing serum antioxidant capacity. In addition, MT reduced liver steatosis in hyperlipidemic rats. Overall, MT exerts considerable hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.
Dynamic Strategy for Efficiency Estimation in a CCM-Operated Front-End PFC Converter for Electric Vehicle Onboard Charger (2017)

This paper presents a method for efficiency estimation of boost-derived continuous conduction mode power factor correction (CCM-PFC) converters for electric vehicle (EV) onboard chargers. The proposed methodology incorporates converter nonidealities, especially caused by magnetic components. The value of magnetizing inductance in an inductor or transformer core does not remain constant over variable current levels, which causes nonuniform power losses at different current levels. The method proposed in this paper considers a time-variant inductance over various current levels and accordingly establishes a dynamic model of loss estimation. As a proof-of-concept verification, the approach is applied to three different PFC topologies for EV applications and the estimated conversion efficiencies exhibit good agreement with experimentally obtained efficiency values over a wide range of load power from 400 W to 4.6 kW. The deviation of the efficiency predicted from the experimental data is considerably lower in comparison with the existing estimation methods with fixed inductance assumption.
[Paper] Throughput Characteristics in Densely Deployed Wireless LANs with Various Channel Assignments and Differing Numbers of Terminals (2014)

Mobile wireless local area networks (WLANs) are becoming popular. Mobile WLANs can be composed of WiFi devices such as portable access points (APs) and portable terminals such as smartphones, tablets and any tethering devices. Several mobile WLANs are densely deployed in a conference room or café. In this case, the WLANs have to share available channels even though they suffer from interference. The interferences coming from the same channel (intra-channel contention) or a different channel (inter-channel interference) reduce the total throughput of the WLANs. This paper investigates the throughput characteristics of several densely deployed WLANs for multimedia communications. For experiments using real machines, for example, 18 sets of WLANs, the relationship among the number of WLANs, distance of WLANs, channel assignment and total throughput was revealed. Moreover, it is shown that the number of terminals in each WLAN substantially affects the total throughput because of the nature of the multi-rate and sending opportunity fairness in CSMA/CA or a performance anomaly.
Compact Dual-band Filter Based on Quarter-Wavelength SIRs with Grounded via coupling (2019)

A compact dual-band bandpass filter (DBF) based on quarter-wavelength (λ/4) stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) with miniaturized size is presented in this Letter. The compact size of this filter is realized by using the common grounded via hole and the folded λ/4 SIRs. Common grounded via is used to adjust the coupling coefficient of the dual-band filter. The coupling path to the input/output (I/O) ports of this dual-band filter are two different space thus external quality factor of single passband can be determined independently. Two transmission zeros (TZs) is introduced between passband to realize a sharp skirt characteristics. Finally, a prototype dual-band filter centering at 4.4GHz and 7.4GHz is designed and fabricated. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Electrically driven quantum dot single photon source (2007)

Abstract We report on a miniature solid state emitter structure, which allows electrical pumping of only one single InAs quantum dot (QD) grown in the Stranski‐Krastanow mode. The emitter demonstrates a strongly monochromatic polarized emission of a single QD exciton. Correlation measurements of the emitted photons show a clear antibunching behavior. The structure is thus attractive for practical implementation as effective single photon source for quantum cryptography. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alginate Modification Improves Long-Term Survival and Function of Transplanted Encapsulated Islets (2008)

Despite recent successes in islet transplantation, current immunosuppression protocols required to prevent graft rejection are not suitable for all patients. As a consequence, microencapsulation of islets in alginate has been proposed to protect islets from immune-mediated destruction. Success has been limited, however, due largely to problems with alginate biocompatibility and insufficient immunoprotection by the capsule. The aim of this study was to develop a purified, highly biocompatible, and highly stable alginate from commercially available alginate. We analyzed the chemical properties of the alginate before and after purification and compared in vivo survival and metabolic function of mouse islets encapsulated with either alginate in syngeneic recipients. Recipients of purified alginate capsules exhibited a 105-day graft survival rate of 90.5%, versus 69.2% for recipients of nonpurified alginate, with recipients of purified alginate capsules also showing improved nonfasting blood glucose levels and oral glucose challenges over recipients of nonpurified alginate. On recovery, islets encapsulated in purified alginate capsules demonstrated dramatically reduced capsular overgrowth, and an insulin secretory activity far superior to that of islets in nonpurified alginate capsules. We conclude from this study that alginate purification improves the survival and metabolic function of encapsulated islets. To our knowledge, this is the first paper using pre- and postmodification alginate to demonstrate the direct benefit of purification on transplantation success of islets in simple, open-pore capsules.
Reservoir Design and Operation with Variable Lake Hydrology (2002)

This research quantifies the impact of lake evaporation and rainfall on optimal reservoir capacity and water yield. A reservoir design and operation model was developed and applied to the Santa Ynez River basin of central California, which endures large evapotranspiration and extreme climatic variability. Reservoir design and average annual water yield were obtained in two cases. First, lake evaporation and rainfall fluxes were taken into account in the water balance of the reservoir system. Second, those same fluxes were ignored. The optimization-model results indicate that in-lake hydrology plays a considerable role on estimates of optimal reservoir capacity and yield. Furthermore, results indicate that the lack of proper consideration of in-lake hydrology leads us to err on the side of greater risk. Specifically, reservoir capacity and average water release are under and overestimated, respectively. The optimization model is particularly well-suited for modeling reservoir systems with active in-lake hydrologic fluxes and allows a variety of objective functions to be considered, thus, providing flexibility in the optimization of reservoir design and operation.
Fluorescence optical diffusion tomography (2003)

A nonlinear, Bayesian optimization scheme is presented for reconstructing fluorescent yield and lifetime, the absorption coefficient, and the diffusion coefficient in turbid media, such as biological tissue. The method utilizes measurements at both the excitation and the emission wavelengths to reconstruct all unknown parameters. The effectiveness of the reconstruction algorithm is demonstrated by simulation and by application to experimental data from a tissue phantom containing the fluorescent agent Indocyanine Green.
A spin chain with spiral orders: perspectives of quantum information and mechanical response (2011)

In this paper, we study the ground state of a one-dimensional exactly solvable model with a spiral order. While the model's energy spectra is the same as the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model, its ground state manifests spiral order with various periods. The quantum phase transition from a spiral-order phase to a paramagnetic phase is investigated in perspectives of quantum information science and mechanics. We show that the modes of the ground-state fidelity and its susceptibility can tell the change of periodicity around the critical point. We study also the spin torsion modulus which defines the coefficient of the potential energy stored under a small rotation. We find that at the critical point, it is a constant; while away from the critical point, the spin torsion modulus tends to zero.
Memristor-based Oscillator for Complex Chemical Wave Logic Computations: Fredkin Gate Paradigm (2022)

Concurrent computational machines have not provided in all cases ideal or even efficient implementations for a range of complex and computationally expensive problems. Thus, the utilization of unconventional computing systems, often inspired by biological processes, is widely investigated. One characteristic category of these systems is chemical computers that encode reactants' spatial concentrations as information and employ wave-fronts' propagation as means of computation. The most widely known and used reaction is the Belousov-Zhabotinsky ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$BZ$</tex> ) that perfectly demonstrates non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Motivated by these chemical computers and to further enhance their analysis, a digital-twin was developed and tested. Namely MemRC, a memristor based oscillator is presented here. The ability of the proposed electrical circuitry to mimic the computational abilities of a chemical system was demonstrated by the realization of Fredkin gate operations. The results of the electrical system are in good agreement with results from simulation of the chemical medium and from laboratory experiments. Furthermore an important advantage of the electrical system is the significant acceleration of the computations that can enable further testing of possible implementations.
Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Degradation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α: Role of Subcellular Compartmentalization (2006)

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a transcription factor that mediates adaptive cellular responses to decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia). At normoxia, HIF-1 alpha is targeted by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In the present study we have observed distinct cell-type-specific differences in the ability of various tested pVHL-interacting subfragments to stabilize HIF-1 alpha and unmask its function at normoxia. These properties correlated with differences in subcellular compartmentalization and degradation of HIF-1 alpha. We observed that the absence or presence of nuclear localization or export signals differently affected the ability of a minimal HIF-1 alpha peptide spanning residues 559 to 573 of mouse HIF-1 alpha to stabilize endogenous HIFalpha and induce HIF-driven reporter gene activity in two different cell types (primary mouse endothelial and HepG2 hepatoma cells). Degradation of HIF-1 alpha occurred mainly in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells, whereas it occurs with equal efficiency in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of primary endothelial cells. Consistent with these observations, green fluorescent protein-HIF-1 alpha is differently distributed during hypoxia and reoxygenation in hepatoma and endothelial cells. Consequently, we propose that differential compartmentalization of degradation of HIF-1 alpha and the subcellular distribution of HIF-1 alpha may account for cell-type-specific differences in stabilizing HIF-1 alpha protein levels under hypoxic conditions.
Spectrum Access In Cognitive Radio Using a Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning Approach (2018)

With the advent of the fifth generation of wireless standards and an increasing demand for higher throughput, methods to improve spectral efficiency of wireless systems have become very important. In the context of cognitive radio, a substantial increase in throughput is possible if the secondary user can make smart decisions regarding which channel to sense and when or how often to sense. Here, we propose an algorithm to not only select a channel for data transmission, but also to predict how long the channel will remain unoccupied so that the time spent on channel sensing can be minimized. Our algorithm learns in two stages - a reinforcement learning approach for channel selection and a Bayesian approach to determine the duration for which sensing can be skipped. Comparisons with other methods are provided through extensive simulations. We show that the number of sensing operations is minimized with negligible increase in primary user interference; this implies that less energy is spent by the secondary user in sensing, and also higher throughput is achieved by saving the time spent on sensing.
Establishing the background level of base oxidation in human lymphocyte DNA: results of an interlaboratory validation study (2004)

Accurate measurement of low levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) in DNA is hampered by the ease with which guanine is oxidized during preparation of DNA for analysis. ESCODD, a consortium of mainly European laboratories, has attempted to minimize this artifact and to provide standard, reliable protocols for sample preparation and analysis. ESCODD has now analyzed 8-oxodGuo in the DNA of lymphocytes isolated from venous blood from healthy young male volunteers in several European countries. Two approaches were used. Analysis of 8-oxodGuo by HPLC with electrochemical detection was performed on lymphocytes from 10 groups of volunteers, in eight countries. The alternative enzymic approach was based on digestion of DNA with formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) to convert 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) to apurinic sites, subsequently measured as DNA breaks using the comet assay (7 groups of volunteers, in six countries). The median concentration of 8-oxodGuo in lymphocyte DNA, calculated from the mean values of each group of subjects as determined by HPLC, was 4.24 per 10(6) guanines. The median concentration of FPG-sensitive sites, measured with the comet assay, was 0.34 per 10(6) guanines. Identical samples of HeLa cells were supplied to all participants as a reference standard. The median values for 8-oxodGuo in HeLa cells were 2.78 per 10(6) guanines (by HPLC) and 0.50 per 10(6) guanines (by enzymic methods). The discrepancy between chromatographic and FPG-based approaches may reflect overestimation by HPLC (if spurious oxidation is still not completely controlled) or underestimation by the enzymic method. Meanwhile, it is clear that the true background level of base oxidation in DNA is orders of magnitude lower than has often been claimed in the past.
Vertex channel array transistor (VCAT) featuring sub-60nm high performance and highly manufacturable trench capacitor DRAM (2005)

Novel vertex channel array transistor (VCAT) fabricated on bulk silicon substrate is applied to trench capacitor DRAM cell for the first time. VCAT utilizes the vertexes as channel between top surface and (111) facet of selective epitaxial Si on active areas. It can be fabricated with much simpler process than FIN array transistor reported previously and fit to the process integration of trench capacitor DRAM cell. Almost 2 times higher on-current, smaller sub-threshold swing and less body effect than a conventional planar array transistor are demonstrated.
Arch-like microsorters with multi-modal and clogging-improved filtering functions by using femtosecond laser multifocal parallel microfabrication (2017)

Conventional micropore membranes based size sorting have been widely applied for single-cell analysis. However, only a single filtering size can be achieved and the clogging issue cannot be completely avoided. Here, we propose a novel arch-like microsorter capable of multimodal (high-, band- and low-capture mode) sorting of particles. The target particles can pass through the front filter and are then trapped by the back filter, while the non-target particles can bypass or pass through the microsorter. This 3D arch-like microstructures are fabricated inside a microchannel by femtosecond laser parallel multifocal scanning. The designed architecture allows for particles isolation free of clogging over 20 minutes. Finally, as a proof of concept demonstration, SUM159 breast cancer cells are successfully separated from whole blood.
Hemin: A Highly Effective Electrocatalyst Mediating the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

Carbon-supported hemin (hemin/C) was investigated as a nonprecious metal electrocatalyst mediating the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The effect of the heat treatment and metal content on the electrocatalytic activity was extensively studied. We found that the electrocatalytic activity was significantly improved after the heat treatment, and the best performance was achieved at the treatment temperature of 600 °C. Physico-chemical characterizations indicated that the heat treatment temperature yielded a coincident effect on the composition and microstructure of the catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the atomic ratio of Fe to N was 1:4.7 for pristine hemin/C, which amounted to the highest value of 1:1.9 for hemin/C heat-treated at 600 °C. Nitrogen ad/desorption analysis showed that the pyrolysis at 600 °C resulted in the largest microporous surface area. On the basis of the above findings, we suggest that FeN2 be the active center in hemin/C and the micropore play an important role in catalyzing the ORR. Furthermore, we also found that the electrocatalytic activity of hemin/C was improved with increasing the metal content. More inspiringly, we report that the optimized hemin/C electrocatalyst could yield a comparable electrochemical performance with the commercial Pt catalyst in alkaline media.