gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust CACC in the Presence of Uncertain Delays (2022)

Cooperative adaptive cruise control employs inter-vehicle wireless communication to safely drive at short inter-vehicle distances, which improves road throughput. The underlying technical requirement to achieve this benefit is formulated by the notion of string stability, requiring the attenuation of the effects of disturbances in upstream direction. However, wireless communication delays significantly compromise string stability. In addition, the time delay is uncertain due to the inherent characteristics of wireless communication. Therefore, a controller design method is desired for a string-stable cooperative adaptive cruise control system, which considers uncertain communication delays. To this end, the string stability requirement is integrated into a μ synthesis approach. Being different from only considering the upper bound of the time delay, the whole range of time delays is taken into account in the controller design. Therefore, the proposed method allows for CACC system behaviour predictable, and rigorously guarantee string stability for all possible uncertain delays. The results are validated with simulations.
Infrared Backscattering by Irregularly Shaped Particles: A Statistical Approach (1984)

Shape can strongly affect scattering by particles at wavelengths near bulk absorption bands. An example is scattering by many components of the atmospheric aerosol at wavelengths in the transmission window centered around 10 μm. An exact solution to the problem of scattering by an irregular particle, even if it were available, would yield more detail than necessary. An alternative approach is to formulate the irregular particle scattering problem in terms of the kinds of averages inherent in the optical properties of an ensemble of particles. Such a statistical method has been applied to an ensemble of small irregular particles by averaging over a range of electromagnetic microstates, in this instance randomly oriented anisotropic oscillators (i.e., Rayleigh ellipsoids). Infrared backscattering spectra calculated by this method agree better with laboratory-measured spectra for ammonium sulfate particles than those calculated using Mie theory.
Signal-to-noise-ratio expressions in optical diffusion tomography (2002)

Optical diffusion tomography is a technology that is employed to obtain images of the heterogeneous nature of turbid media by using optical radiation. Noise ultimately limits the achievable spatial resolution in these reconstructed images; therefore it is of interest to develop signal-to-noise-ratio expressions that relate spatial resolution in the images to the underlying system and material properties. In this study, Fourier-domain signal-to-noise-ratio expressions are derived for two types of optical diffusion tomography systems: those that use amplitude-modulated illumination sources and those that use continuous-wave illumination sources. The signal-to-noise-ratio expressions are compared for these two types of systems and are validated by laboratory data.
Localization of PD‐L1 on single cancer cells by iSERS microscopy with Au/Au core/satellite nanoparticles (2019)

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important predictive biomarker. The detection of PD-L1 can be crucial for patients with advanced cancer where the use of immunotherapy is considered. Here, we demonstrate the use of immuno-SERS microscopy (iSERS) for localizing PD-L1 on single cancer SkBr-3 cells. A central advantage of iSERS is that the disturbing autofluorescence from cells and tissues can be efficiently minimized by red to near-infrared laser excitation. In this study we employed Au/Au core/satellite nanoparticles as SERS nanotags because of their remarkable signal brightness and colloidal stability upon red laser excitation. False-color iSERS images of the positive and negative controls clearly reveal the specific localization of PD-L1 with SERS nanotag-labeled antibodies.
Author Correction: Gene correction for SCID-X1 in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Reduced crown root number improves water acquisition under water deficit stress in maize (Zea maysL.) (2016)

In this study we test the hypothesis that maize genotypes with reduced crown root number (CN) will have greater root depth and improved water acquisition from drying soil. Maize recombinant inbred lines with contrasting CN were evaluated under water stress in greenhouse mesocosms and field rainout shelters. CN varied from 25 to 62 among genotypes. Under water stress in the mesocosms, genotypes with low CN had 31% fewer crown roots, 30% deeper rooting, 56% greater stomatal conductance, 45% greater leaf CO2 assimilation, 61% net canopy CO2 assimilation, and 55% greater shoot biomass than genotypes with high CN at 35 days after planting. Under water stress in the field, genotypes with low CN had 21% fewer crown roots, 41% deeper rooting, 48% lighter stem water oxygen isotope enrichment (δ(18)O) signature signifying deeper water capture, 13% greater leaf relative water content, 33% greater shoot biomass at anthesis, and 57% greater yield than genotypes with high CN. These results support the hypothesis that low CN improves drought tolerance by increasing rooting depth and water acquisition from the subsoil.
Bluetooth-a new low-power radio interface providing short-range connectivity (2000)

In the past decades, progress in microelectronics and VLSI technology has fostered the widespread use of computing and communication applications in portable electronic devices. In this paper, we review the Bluetooth technology, a new universal radio interface enabling electronic devices to connect and communicate wirelessly via short-range connections. Motivations for the air interface design and radio requirement decisions are discussed. Frequency hopping, interference resistance, and the concepts of ad hoc connectivity and scatternets are explained in detail. Furthermore, Bluetooth characteristics enabling low-cost single-chip implementations and supporting low power consumption are discussed.
Lithium tantalate - a high permittivity dielectric material for microwave communication systems (2004)

Lithium tantalate single crystal is characterized by very low thermal expansion and exhibits excellent electro-optical, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. We have studied the real part of relative permittivity (/spl epsi//sub r/) perpendicular to the crystal axis and the loss tangent of LiTaO/sub 3/ over the temperature range from 15 K to room temperature at a frequency of 11.4 GHz. The /spl epsi//sub r/ and tan/spl delta/ were determined by measurements of the resonance frequency and the unloaded Q-factor of a TE/sub 011/ mode cylindrical cavity containing the sample under test. The permittivity of LiTaO/sub 3/ was found to change from 38.9 to 41.1 and the loss tangent increased from 1.1 /spl times/ 10/sub -4/ to 6.5 /spl times/ 10/sub -4/ over the temperature range from 15 K to 295 K. Due to the low losses and high permittivity this material can be used in many microwave applications.
Portfolio Risk in Multiple Frequencies (2011)

Portfolio risk, introduced by Markowitz in 1952, and defined as the standard deviation of the portfolio return, is an important metric in the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). A popular method for portfolio selection is to manage the risk and return of a portfolio according to the cross-correlations of returns for various financial assets. In a real world scenario, estimated empirical financial correlation matrix contains significant level of intrinsic noise that needs to be filtered prior to risk calculations. In this paper, we present basic concepts of risk engineering in finance applications. Then, we extend our discussion to the eigenfiltering of measurement noise for hedged portfolios. Moreover, we extend risk measurement methods for trading in multiple frequencies. Finally, three novel risk management methods are proposed as an independent overlay of the underlying investment decision mechanism, i.e. the trading strategy. We highlight performance and merit of the risk engineering techniques introduced by presenting the back-testing results of an investment strategy for the stocks listed in the NASDAQ 100 index. It is shown in the paper that managing portfolio risk more intelligently may offer advantages for improved return on investment.
A multi-projector display system of arbitrary shape, size and resolution (2015)

In this demo we will demonstrate integration of general content delivery from a windows desktop to a multi-projector display of arbitrary, shape, size and resolution automatically calibrated using our calibration methods. We have developed these sophisticated completely automatic geometric and color registration techniques in our lab for deploying seamless multi-projector displays on popular non-planar surfaces (e.g. cylinders, domes, truncated domes). This work has gotten significant attention in both VR and Visualization venues in the past 5 years and this will be the first time such calibration will be integrated with content delivery.
Challenges in Clinical Prostate Cancer: Role of Imaging (2009)

After a summary of prostate cancer incidence and mortality, four main clinical challenges in prostate cancer treatment and management-diagnostic accuracy; risk stratification, initial staging, active surveillance, and focal therapy; prostate-specific antigen relapse after radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy; and assessing response to therapy in advanced disease-were discussed by the 55-member panel. The overarching issue in prostate cancer is distinguishing lethal from nonlethal disease. New technologies and fresh uses for established procedures make imaging effective in both assessing and treating prostate cancer.
Macrophage-released ADAMTS1 promotes muscle stem cell activation (2017)

Coordinated activation of muscle stem cells (known as satellite cells) is critical for postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. The muscle stem cell niche is central for regulating the activation state of satellite cells, but the specific extracellular signals that coordinate this regulation are poorly understood. Here we show that macrophages at sites of muscle injury induce activation of satellite cells via expression of Adamts1. Overexpression of Adamts1 in macrophages in vivo is sufficient to increase satellite cell activation and improve muscle regeneration in young mice. We demonstrate that NOTCH1 is a target of ADAMTS1 metalloproteinase activity, which reduces Notch signaling, leading to increased satellite cell activation. These results identify Adamts1 as a potent extracellular regulator of satellite cell activation and have significant implications for understanding the regulation of satellite cell activity and regeneration after muscle injury.Satellite cells are crucial for growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Here the authors show that in response to muscle injury, macrophages secrete Adamts1, which induces satellite cell activation by modulating Notch1 signaling.
Multiple weights in diffraction stack migration (1993)

Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) prestack diffraction-stack migration methods (often called Kirchhoff migration/ inversion) play a fundamental role in seismic imaging. In addition to estimating the location of arbitrarily curved reflectors and the angle-dependent reflection coefficients upon them, they can also be used to provide useful kinematic and dynamic information about the specular reflection ray that connects the source and receiver via the unknown reflecting interface. This is achieved by performing a diffraction stack more than once upon the same seismic data set using identical stacking surfaces but different weights. Some of these weights can be applied simultaneously, i.e., as a weight-vector. The approach offers the possibility of determining various useful quantities that help to compute and interpret migrated reflections. The vector-weighted diffraction stack is principally intended to economize the amplitude-preserving migration that normally would require a large amount of dynamic ray tracing. A simple 2-D synthetic example shows how the method works in principle.
Activity of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones against Trypanosoma rhodesiense in vitro (1980)

Twenty-seven 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and analogs were tested for antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense using a semiautomated in vitro assay system. Activity was determined by relative inhibition of uptake of two radiolabeled macromolecular precursors, [methyl-3H]thymidine and L-[U-14C]leucine, as compared to untreated controls. It was observed that the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl moiety of the 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones was essential for antitrypanosomal activity. The 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones generally inhibited the uptake of L-[U-14C]leucine to a greater extent than they inhibited [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake. Twenty-four of the 27 compounds tested exhibited activity comparable to that found for the antitrypanosomal agent ethidium bromide.
Comparison of Time-Efficient CT Colonography with Two-and Three-Dimensional Colonic Evaluation for Detecting Colorectal Polyps (2000)

Axial 2D CT colonography can be performed quickly and is comparable with complete 2D and 3D CT colonography in detecting colorectal polyps.
On the Design of Robust LQ Regulators (1984)

Sufficient conditions are obtained for global asymptotic stability of linear systems controlled by linear quadratic (LQ) regulators when nonlinearities or unmodeled linear dynamics are present in the loop. The conditions are less conservative than the standard LQ robustness results because they generally yield phase margins > 60°, and tolerance to nonlinearities having gains < 1/2. The conditions also provide a measure of robustness of a given LQ design to unmodeled dynamics and nonlinearities. For open-loop stable plants, it is proved that a class of LQ regulators can always be designed to have ±90° phase margin and tolerance to nonlinearities in the ([0, ∞) sector.
Detection of Glycosylated and Deglycosylated Extensin Precursors by Indirect Competitive ELISA (1987)

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid quantitation of the glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of the monomeric soluble extensin precursor subunits P1 and P2. A log-linear response range for each kind of precursor in the competition curve was between 0.01 and 100 nanograms per milliliter.
Observer design for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems (2018)

This paper considers the problem of designing positive reduced-order distributed functional observers for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems. The systems under consideration belong to a class of large-scale fractional-order systems where each system is formed by [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) interconnected subsystems with heterogeneous time delays in the interconnections and the local state vectors. First, a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure the positivity of the considered system is derived. Based on this result, [Formula: see text] stand-alone reduced-order positive distributed functional observers for the system are designed. These observers are always nonnegative at any time and they converge asymptotically to the true functional state vectors of the system. The designed observer for each subsystem is based on the local outputs and additional outputs from other subsystems but without the need to exchange the state estimates among the observers. Conditions for the existence of such positive distributed functional observers are derived and they are translated into a linear programming problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is supported by four numerical examples and simulation results.
Serum Adenosine Deaminase 2 and Neopterin Levels Are Increased in a Majority of Hemophiliacs Irrespective of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1993)

We investigated serum levels of adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) and neopterin (NP) in hemophiliacs with or without infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The mean (+/- SD) serum ADA2 level in hemophiliacs positive for HIV-1 (45.2 +/- 17.6 U/L) and negative for HIV-1 (34.9 +/- 15.8 U/L) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (12.0 +/- 7.0 U/L) (P < .01). The mean serum NP level was also higher in HIV-1-positive hemophiliacs (10.2 +/- 6.1 nmol/L) and HIV-1-negative hemophiliacs (7.0 +/- 2.9 nmol/L) than in the healthy controls (4.3 +/- 1.3 nmol/L). Although the HIV-1-positive hemophiliacs had higher mean ADA2 and NP levels than did hemophiliacs in the HIV-1-negative group (P < .01), the levels of most of the patients in both groups were similar. ADA2 and NP levels in serial samples from asymptomatic carriers and patients with stable AIDS showed no marked changes over a period of up to 6 years. These findings indicate that ADA2 and NP are not specific markers of HIV-1 infection in hemophiliacs. Nonspecific immunologic activation due to the repeated infusion of antihemophilic factor concentrate could be one cause for the increased serum levels of ADA2 and NP in hemophiliacs.
The Wall-Quenching of Laminar Propane Flames as a Function of Pressure, Temperature, and Air-Fuel Ratio (1950)

The quenching distance between plane parallel plates has been measured for propane-air flames at eight pressures ranging from 0.0832 to 2.77 atmos., and air-propane ratios ranging from 11 to 24. Other tests have been made at atmospheric pressure in which (a) the temperature of the quenching plates has been varied from 80° to 715°F, (b) the temperatures both of the inlet gas and the quenching plates have been varied from 80° to 545°F, and (c) a series of six different solid surfaces was tested. The minimum quenching distance is found to occur at an air-propane ratio between 13.5 and 14.0, and is proportional to the minus 0.91 power of pressure. Lean mixtures are found to be slightly less pressure-sensitive. When both the inlet gas and plates are heated, the minimum quenching distance is found to be proportional to the minus 0.5 power of absolute temperature. The quenching effect appears to be independent of the nature of the surface.
Next generation SPARC processor cache hierarchy (2014)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design and architectures, processing and memory management capabilities, and targeted markets for Oracle's SPARC processor products.
An adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ protocol using turbo codes (2002)

This paper describes a type-II adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ protocol using turbo codes. Both voice and data services are considered. Recently, a powerful family of error correcting codes using parallel concatenated convolutional codes is introduced. Near-Shannon-limit is achievable by such codes. For example, a bit error rate of 10/sup -5/; can be achieved at E/sub b//N/sub o/ 0.7 dB using a rate 1/2 code or at about 2.5 dB if fewer iterations are used in decoding. Given the promising performance of the codes, it is expected that the performance of an adaptive FEC/ARQ protocol employing turbo codes will be better than protocols using other error correcting codes. For real-time services, the number of retransmissions is limited to one so as to limit the delay. For data services, the number of retransmissions is unlimited to provide a reliable communication link. Results in terms of throughput are obtained through analysis and approximation using the performance curves.
Fullerene Sugar Balls: A New Class of Biologically Active Fullerene Derivatives (2014)

Among the large variety of bioactive C60 derivatives, fullerene derivatives substituted with sugar residues, that is, glycofullerenes, are of particular interest. The sugar residues are not only solubilizing groups; their intrinsic biological properties also provide additional appealing features to the conjugates. The most recent advances in the synthesis and the biological applications of glycofullerenes are summarized in the present review article with special emphasis on globular glycofullerenes, that is, fullerene sugar balls, constructed on a hexa-substituted fullerene scaffold. The high local concentration of carbohydrates around the C60 core in fullerene sugar balls is perfectly suited to the binding of lectins through the "glycoside cluster effect", and these compounds are potential anti-adhesive agents against bacterial infection. Moreover, mannosylated fullerene sugar balls have shown antiviral activity in an Ebola pseudotyped infection model. Finally, when substituted with peripheral iminosugars, dramatic multivalent effects have been observed for glycosidase inhibition. These unexpected observations have been rationalized by the interplay of interactions involving the catalytic site of the enzyme and non-glycone binding sites with lectin-like abilities.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ELFAMYCINS: AURODOX AND EFROTOMYCIN. 1. STRATEGY AND CONSTRUCTION OF KEY INTERMEDIATES (1985)

Abstract Die Bausteine (II), (IV), (X), (XVIII) und (XXI) für die Synthese der Titelverbindungen werden ausgehend von den Verbindungen (I), (III), (V), (XI) bzw. (XIX) dargestellt.
Earthworm individualities when facing a conflict between turn alternation and aversive learning (2018)

An individual's personality develops through a combination of experiences and parental inheritance. When faced with a conflict, will an individual take an innate behavior or a learned one? In such situations, individuality will manifest itself. Here, we focused on turn alternation behavior, which is a habitual tendency to turn in the direction opposite the preceding turn, in earthworms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>) and examined how this behavior is affected by an aversive stimulus. Of 10 earthworms, 3 were affected by the stimulus. Turn alternation deteriorated in two worms, one of which showed anti-turn alternation behavior, whereas the remaining worm showed an enhanced tendency toward turn alternation. Earthworms have a relatively simple nervous system. This study opens the door to investigate the neuronal basis for individuality that emerges between nature and nurture.
Current status of domino heart transplantation (2017)

Domino heart transplant, wherein the explanted heart from the recipient of an en-bloc heart-lung is utilized for a second recipient, represents a unique surgical strategy for patients with end-stage heart failure. With a better understanding of the potential advantages and disadvantages of this procedure, its selective use in the current era can improve and maximize organ allocation in the United States. In this report, we reviewed the current status of domino heart transplantation.
Conversion of syngas to higher alcohols over Cu-Fe-Zr catalysts induced by ethanol (2009)

乙醇导致了方法被使用为 syngas 的变换准备 Cu-Fe-Zr 催化剂到更高的白酒。乙醇导致的催化剂的催化表演比常规降水方法准备的催化剂的优异。在为乙醇的各种各样的过程之中导致了方法，在降水过程的乙醇的加入更好，这被发现。在乙醇的加入以后， CuO 的水晶尺寸减少了，铜种类的减小变得更容易。导致的过程可能是的乙醇准备的 Cu-Fe-Zr 催化剂的更好的活动由 Cu 种类的更高的分散引起了。
An open European standard for an electronic programme guide (1997)

Many proposed electronic programme guides are proprietary systems and they will be an integral part of multi-channel digital TV transmissions. The decoding and display functions will usually be implemented in the set-top box. However, there is a perceived need for an open standard for an electronic programme guide, particularly for use with analogue transmissions, which can be implemented directly and cost effectively in a TV or VCR at the point of delivery of the programmes to the viewer. An agreed European standard now exists for such a system. Based on teletext technology, it provides broadcasters and manufacturers with a flexible framework on which to build services and customise consumer products. This paper reviews the principal features of the specification and considers the implications and options for broadcasters and manufacturers.