gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unintended Consequences of Antibiotic Therapy on the Microbiome Delivers a Gut Punch in Ovarian Cancer (2022)

While the early use of antibiotics during chemotherapy may be lifesaving, antibiotic therapy is associated with worse outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer during platinum chemotherapy. The study by Chambers and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Research provides mechanistic insights into how disrupting the gut microbiome with broad-spectrum antibiotics negatively influences the survival of patients with ovarian cancer and highlights the impact of the gut microbiome on tumor progression and response to therapy. Treatment of ovarian cancer models with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX, vancomycin, neomycin sulfate, metronidazole, ampicillin) changed the gut microbiome and increased tumor growth and development of cisplatin resistance. Stem cells, reported to drive resistance to chemotherapy and disease recurrence in ovarian cancer, were enriched as a surprising consequence of ABX-induced microbiome disruption. Immune-competent and immune-deficient mice revealed that ABX treatment enhanced the cisplatin-induced stemness and provided evidence for immune surveillance of ovarian cancer stem cells through the gut microbiome. Two gut-derived metabolites, indole-3-propionic acid and indoxyl sulfate, suppressed by ABX treatment and reestablished with cecal microbial transplantation colonization of ABX-treated mice, were identified as potential effectors connecting the gut microbiome to ovarian cancer growth. This clinically relevant study opens new therapeutic opportunities for patients-one aimed at interventions to increase platinum sensitivity and another aimed at preventing the potential adverse effects of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Both represent paradigm changes to standard care. See related article by Chambers et al., p. 4654.
Effiziente Dienstqualit¨ atsunterst ¨ utzung f¨ ur IP Telefonie durch selektive Paketmarkierung (2000)

S.139-154
Ultrafast Measurements of Chemistry in Clusters: Excited-State Proton Transfer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrafast Measurements of Chemistry in Clusters: Excited-State Proton TransferJack A. SyageCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 16, 5772–5786Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100016a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100016a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nano-sieve meta-holograms (2016)

Metasurfaces have drawn much attention in optics and nanophotonics due to the powerful capability of full control of light. We introduce nanosieve based metasurfaces for realizing optical holograpy and multiple-dimensional information encryption.
The role of oxidative stress in NK-cell based cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Immunooncology gained great attention in cancer treatment over the last few years. Adoptive cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses cytotoxic lymphocytes or NK cells. NK cells precisely recognize and kill cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. These properties make NK cells an attractive strategy with potential therapeutic applications. NK cells can be further modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Currently, several dozen clinical trials with NK cells are registered for cancer treatment, including several CAR-NK cells or NK-92 cell line modified with CAR. Despite the undeniable success of immunotherapy in recent years, many concerns still remain unresolved. One of the challenges for the effective immunotherapy is the immunosuppressive tumor environment. Numerous studies indicate that persistent oxidative stress, an important element associated with cancer, inhibits NK cell activity. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for protecting NK cells against suppressive oxidative stress are not identified. Therefore, in my doctoral dissertation co-financed by the Scientific Polpharma Foundation doctoral scholarship I focused on investigating and identifying mechanisms protecting NK cells against oxidative stress. The obtained results indicate that NK cells are the most sensitive to the oxidative stress, when compared withother immune cells. Moreover, inhibition of PRDX1-TXN1-TXNRD1 system impairs NK cell effector functions, while the increase of PRDX1 significantly improves the survival of NK cells and CAR-NK cells in the presence of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, resulting in improved effectiveness of NK cells under the oxidative stress conditions.
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Genome-Wide Allelic Imbalance Analysis of Pediatric Gliomas by Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Allele Array (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Genome-Wide Allelic Imbalance Analysis of Pediatric Gliomas by Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Allele Array
Photovoltaic device based on Ag.sub.2ZnSn(S,Se).sub.4 absorber (2018)

Photovoltaic devices based on an Ag.sub.2ZnSn(S,Se).sub.4 (AZTSSe) absorber and techniques for formation thereof are provided. In one aspect, a method for forming a photovoltaic device includes the steps of: coating a substrate with a conductive layer; contacting the substrate with an Ag source, a Zn source, a Sn source, and at least one of a S source and a Se source under conditions sufficient to form an absorber layer on the conductive layer having Ag, Zn, Sn, and at least one of S and Se; and annealing the absorber layer. Methods of doping the AZTSSe are provided. A photovoltaic device is also provided.
Candida auris Bloodstream Infection Induces Upregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Pathway in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model (2022)

Candida auris is a globally spreading yeast pathogen causing bloodstream infections with high mortality in critically ill patients. The inherent antifungal drug resistance of most C. auris isolates and threat of multidrug-resistant strains create a need for adjunct immunotherapeutic strategies. While C. albicans candidemia was shown to induce immune paralysis and activation of inhibitory immune checkpoints, <i>in vivo</i> data on host responses to C. auris bloodstream infection are lacking as is an immunocompetent murine infection model to study the immunopathology and immunotherapy of C. auris sepsis. Therefore, herein, we developed an immunocompetent C. auris sepsis model by intravenously infecting C57BL/6 mice with 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 8 × 10<sup>8</sup> yeast cells of aggregate-forming (AR-0384) and nonaggregative (AR-0381) C. auris reference isolates. Both isolates caused reproducible, inoculum-dependent increasing morbidity, mortality, and fungal burden in kidney tissue. Notably, morbidity and mortality outcomes were partially decoupled from fungal burden, suggesting a role of additional modulators of disease severity such as host immune responses. Flow cytometric analyses of splenic immune cells revealed significant upregulation of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T cells and its ligand PD-L1 on macrophages from mice infected with C. auris AR-0384 compared to uninfected mice. PD-L1 expression on macrophages from AR-0384-infected mice strongly correlated with fungal tissue burden (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [ρ] = 0.95). Altogether, our findings suggest that C. auris sepsis promotes a suppressive immune phenotype through PD-1/PD-L1 induction, supporting further exploration of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an immunotherapeutic strategy to mitigate C. auris candidiasis. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Health authorities consider Candida auris to be one of the most serious emerging nosocomial pathogens due to its transmissibility, resistance to disinfection procedures, and frequent antifungal drug resistance. The frequency of multidrug-resistant C. auris isolates necessitates the development of novel therapeutic platforms, including immunotherapy. However, <i>in vivo</i> data on host interactions with C. auris are scarce, compounded by the lack of reliable immunocompetent mammalian models of C. auris candidemia. Herein, we describe a C. auris sepsis model in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice and demonstrate reproducible and inoculum-dependent acute infection with both aggregate-forming and nonaggregative reference isolates from different clades. Furthermore, we show that C. auris sepsis induces upregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway in infected mice, raising the potential of a therapeutic benefit of immune checkpoint blockade. Our immunocompetent model of C. auris sepsis could provide a facile preclinical platform to thoroughly investigate immune checkpoint blockade and combination therapy with antifungals.
Genome sequence and physiological analysis of Yamadazyma laniorum f.a. sp. nov. and a reevaluation of the apocryphal xylose fermentation of its sister species, Candida tenuis (2017)

Xylose fermentation is a rare trait that is immensely important to the cellulosic biofuel industry, and Candida tenuis is one of the few yeasts that has been reported with this trait. Here we report the isolation of two strains representing a candidate sister species to C. tenuis. Integrated analysis of genome sequence and physiology suggested the genetic basis of a number of traits, including variation between the novel species and C. tenuis in lactose metabolism due to the loss of genes encoding lactose permease and β-galactosidase in the former. Surprisingly, physiological characterization revealed that neither the type strain of C. tenuis nor this novel species fermented xylose in traditional assays. We reexamined three xylose-fermenting strains previously identified as C. tenuis and found that these strains belong to the genus Scheffersomyces and are not C. tenuis. We propose Yamadazyma laniorum f.a. sp. nov. to accommodate our new strains and designate its type strain as yHMH7 (=CBS 14780 = NRRL Y-63967T). Furthermore, we propose the transfer of Candida tenuis to the genus Yamadazyma as Yamadazyma tenuis comb. nov. This approach provides a roadmap for how integrated genome sequence and physiological analysis can yield insight into the mechanisms that generate yeast biodiversity.
The complexity of UNO (2010)

This paper investigates the popular card game UNO from the viewpoint of algorithmic combinatorial game theory. We define simple and concise mathematical models for the game, including both cooperative and uncooperative versions, and analyze their computational complexity. In particular, we prove that even a single-player version of UNO is NP-complete, although some restricted cases are in P. Surprisingly, we show that the uncooperative two-player version is also in P.
Characterization and Antagonistic Activity of New Causal Agent of Wilt Disease in Imperata cylindrica (Marasmius palmivorus) (2019)

Hassan A. Tamur1 , Haider Jawad Al-Janabi2, Jawad K. Abood Al-Janabi2* ,Liqaa Y. Mohsin3, Zahraa A.N. Al-Yassiry3Article: 5684 | Pages: 1525-1536Abstract | Full Text | PDF | XML https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.13.3.24
Abstract 2833: Mutation analysis of cancer drivers and DNA repair genes in chemosensitive versus resistant ovarian cancers (2014)

Abstract Background: The mechanisms underlying resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer are incompletely understood. Identifying genetic alterations associated with treatment response is decisive in the determination of which patients may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Biopsies were collected from twenty patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer who were subjected to post-operative taxane- and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients were selected for genetic analyses based on response to chemotherapy, determined as time to relapse (10 sensitive and 10 resistant patients). A panel of 620 genes, including known cancer driver genes, as well as genes involved in DNA repair were analysed by massively parallel sequencing. Alignment and mutation calling was performed using MiSeq Reporter, with further manual filtering of variants to exclude common SNPs. Validation of low quality mutation calls was done by Sanger sequencing. Results: A median of 6 genes (range: 3 - 45) per patient was found to harbour non-synonymous mutations. Among previously identified driver genes in ovarian cancer, we found mutations in TP53, BRCA1, CDK12, NF1 and CSMD3. These mutations were more common among patients with more advanced disease and higher grade. For example, TP53 mutations were found in 10 out of 12 patients with high grade, stage 3c or 4 disease, and in 2 out of 5 with lower stage and/or grade. One patient was found to have a tumor potentially of a hyper-mutator phenotype with 49 mutations in 45 genes identified within our gene panel. With respect to treatment efficacy, 73 and 40 genes were found to be mutated exclusively in patients with a good and poor response to treatment, respectively. Conclusion: We describe the profile of mutations in cancer driver genes and DNA repair genes among patients suffering from ovarian cancer according to treatment response. Citation Format: Einar Birkeland, Rakel Blaalid, Merete Bjørnslett, Anne Dørum, Per Eystein Lønning, Stian Knappskog. Mutation analysis of cancer drivers and DNA repair genes in chemosensitive versus resistant ovarian cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2833. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2833
<title>Media processing using streams</title> (1998)

Media applications are characterized by large amounts of available parallelism, little data reuse, and a high computation to memory access ratio. While these characteristics are poorly matched to conventional microprocessor architectures, they are a good fit for modern VLSI technology with its high arithmetic capacity but limited global bandwidth. The stream programming model, in which an application is coded as streams of data records passing through computation kernels, exposes both parallelism and locality in media applications that can be exploited by VLSI architectures. The Imagine architecture supports the stream programming model by providing a bandwidth hierarchy tailored to the demands of media applications. Compared to a conventional scalar processor, Imagine reduces the global register and memory bandwidth required by typical applications by factors of 13 and 21 respectively. This bandwidth efficiency enables a single chip Imagine processor to achieve a peak performance of 16.2GFLOPS (single-precision floating point) and sustained performance of up to 8.5GFLOPS on media processing kernels.
Alterations in Insulin Receptor Autophosphorylation in Insulin Resistance: Correlation With Altered Sensitivity to Glucose Transport and Antilipolysis to Insulin* (1988)

We studied insulin binding, receptor autophosphorylation, and insulin action in isolated adipocytes from 23 Pima Indians with varying degrees of obesity over a range of glucose tolerance. [125I]Insulin binding varied widely and did not correlate with fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin levels or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the ED50 values of insulin stimulation of glucose transport or insulin inhibition of lipolysis in isolated abdominal wall adipocytes obtained by biopsy from the patients. In contrast there was a significant correlation between loss of stimulation of autophosphorylation in solubilized receptors and loss of insulin sensitivity for both stimulation of glucose transport (r = -0.59; P less than 0.005) and inhibition of lipolysis (r = -0.54; P less than 0.01). There was also a significant inverse correlation between insulin's ability to stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and in vivo insulin resistance, as assessed by fasting plasma insulin levels (r = -0.46; P less than 0.05). These data indicate a significant correlation between changes in sensitivity of glucose transport and antilipolysis to insulin and receptor kinase activity in those patients and suggest that defective coupling of insulin binding to insulin action at the level of phosphorylation of the insulin receptor may cause the insulin resistance in this group of patients.
Features of the terahertz spectra of iron oxide nanoparticles in a silicon dioxide shell and of iron oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles (2017)

New methods have been developed for noninvasive monitoring of pathological processes in a living organism by means of terahertz spectroscopy and visualization using contrast agents based on magnetic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles must possess good magnetic characteristics, must be nontoxic and stable against aggregation, and must exhibit chemical stability; therefore, they are enclosed in a biologically inert shell. This paper discusses the spectral features of iron oxide nanoparticles in a biologically inert shell consisting of silicon dioxide and nanoparticles of iron oxide and hydroxide in the terahertz frequency range. It is shown that the crystalline phase of iron oxide can be identified for both types of nanoparticles by means of terahertz spectroscopy.
Large Magnetoresistance through a Single Molecule due to a Spin-Split Hybridized Orbital (2012)

Using organic materials in spintronic devices raises a lot of expectation for future applications due to their flexibility, low cost, long spin lifetime, and easy functionalization. However, the interfacial hybridization and spin polarization between the organic layer and the ferromagnetic electrodes still has to be understood at the molecular scale. Coupling state-of-the-art spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy and spin-resolved ab initio calculations, we give the first experimental evidence of the spin splitting of a molecular orbital on a single non magnetic C(60) molecule in contact with a magnetic material, namely, the Cr(001) surface. This hybridized molecular state is responsible for an inversion of sign of the tunneling magnetoresistance depending on energy. This result opens the way to spin filtering through molecular orbitals.
Testosterone treatment enhances thromboxane A2mimetic induced coronary artery vasoconstriction in guinea pigs (1994)

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been implicated as an important mediator of cardiovascular diseases. There have been several clinical reports of acute myocardial infarctions occurring in young male athletes abusing anabolic steroids. The effects of treatment of male Guinea pigs with testosterone on the responses to U46619, a TXA2 receptor agonist, in the isolated perfused heart were determined. The maximum pressor responses of the isolated perfused Guinea pig heart to U46619 were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the Guinea pigs treated with testosterone compared to the controls. These results indicate that testosterone can enhance coronary artery vascular reactivity to TXA2.
Mapping Topography and Forest Parameters in a Boreal Forest with Dual-Baseline TanDEM-X Data and the Two-Level Model (2016)

In this paper, two-level model (TLM) inversion is used for unsupervised mapping of ground topography, forest height, and canopy density in boreal forests from dual-baseline, alternating bistatic mode TanDEM-X data. The TLM models forest as two discrete scattering levels, ground and vegetation, the latter with gaps. It is here shown using two alternating bistatic-mode TanDEM-X acquisitions made over the Swedish boreal test site Krycklan in September 2011 that the inverted TLM parameters can be used for mapping of ground topography and forest parameters.
Synthetic phase holograms for auto-stereoscopic image displays using a modified IFTA (2004)

A Fourier-transformed synthetic phase hologram for an auto-stereoscopic image display system is proposed and implemented. The system uses a phase-only spatial light modulator and a simple projection lens module. A modified iterative Fresnel transform algorithm method, for the reconstruction of gray-level quantized stereo images with fast convergence, high diffraction efficiency and large signal-to-noise ratio is also described. Using this method, it is possible to obtain a high diffraction efficiency(~90%), an excellent signal-to-noise ratio(> 9.6dB), and a short calculation time(~3min). Experimentally, the proposed auto-stereoscopic display system was able to generate stereoscopic 3D images very well.
Graph Neural Network Training with Data Tiering (2021)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown success in learning from graph-structured data, with applications to fraud detection, recommendation, and knowledge graph reasoning. However, training GNN efficiently is challenging because: 1) GPU memory capacity is limited and can be insufficient for large datasets, and 2) the graph-based data structure causes irregular data access patterns. In this work, we provide a method to statistical analyze and identify more frequently accessed data ahead of GNN training. Our data tiering method not only utilizes the structure of input graph, but also an insight gained from actual GNN training process to achieve a higher prediction result. With our data tiering method, we additionally provide a new data placement and access strategy to further minimize the CPU-GPU communication overhead. We also take into account of multi-GPU GNN training as well and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy in a multi-GPU system. The evaluation results show that our work reduces CPU-GPU traffic by 87-95% and improves the training speed of GNN over the existing solutions by 1.6-2.1x on graphs with hundreds of millions of nodes and billions of edges.
Comparison of different fourth order Hilbert fractal antennas for partial discharge measurement (2017)

Three Hilbert fractal antenna designs are proposed in this work to capture and classify common types of partial discharge (PD) in an oil insulated system. Each antenna design shows unique characteristics in terms of resonant frequencies, inception voltage, classification capabilities and noise performance. Three types of PD signals are artificially generated; namely, corona, surface and sharp PD. The captured signals from each antenna design are analyzed then fed to a trained artificial neural network for classification. A recognition rate of 97% is achieved when classifying the different types of PD using one of the proposed antennas. Moreover, the SNR of signals captured from each antenna design are analyzed to determine the best antenna for PD detection under intense noisy environments.
Association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (2009)

We demonstrate that low 25(OH)D levels are associated with features of the MS in PCOS women. Large intervention trials are warranted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic disturbances in PCOS women.