gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Dispersion Compensation (2008)

The performance of different electronic equalization and processing schemes for 40- and 10-Gb/s optical transmission over single-mode fiber (SMF) are discussed, from the point of their ability to compensate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In addition, the impact of fiber nonlinearity and modulation format on equalization is also investigated. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview and a comparison of the performances rather than a detailed explanation of the principles of the different equalization schemes. The equalizers which will be covered are analog equalizer (feedforward and decision feedback type), maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE), electronic precompensation, coherent/intradyne detection with digital signal processing (DSP) equalization, DSP-based optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and turbo equalization.
Type inference for atomicity (2005)

Atomicity is a fundamental correctness property in multithreaded programs. This paper presents an algorithm for verifying atomicity via type inference. The underlying type system supports guarded, write-guarded, and unguarded fields, as well as thread-local data, parameterized classes and methods, and protected locks. We describe an implementation of this algorithm for Java and discuss its performance and usability on benchmarks totaling sixty thousand lines of code.
Reproducible high yield sequencing of proteins electrophoretically separated and transferred to an inert support. (1988)

A method allowing initial sequencing yields of 60-85% to be consistently obtained from samples prepared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretic transfer is described in detail. Conducting electrophoresis at a pH near neutrality is the single most important of the modifications made to earlier procedures, but pre-electrophoresis in the presence of glutathione or sodium thioglycolate and use of Immobilon polyvinylidene difluoride membranes all contribute to the success of the technique. When tryptophan was the NH2 terminus of a protein, the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-derivative recovered appeared to be an irreversible oxidation product if pre-electrophoresis was not performed. Following pre-electrophoresis, the PTH-derivative recovered co-migrated with that of unmodified tryptophan, and the recovery was higher. Recovery of methionine as its PTH-derivative was not affected by pre-electrophoresis suggesting that thioglycolate in the electrophoresis buffer during sample separation prevented or reversed oxidation of methionine sulfur but did not protect tryptophan.
Mononuclear and Polynuclear Chain Complexes of a Series of Multinucleating N/S Donor Ligands (2005)

Abstract We have prepared a series of five ligands with potentially N,S‐bidentate chelating arms derived from 3‐[2‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]pyrazole linked to central aromatic spacers by methylene units. Complexes with a variety of architectures have been obtained, including simple mononuclear complexes and polynuclear chain complexes. The p ‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L 1 forms one‐dimensional helical coordination polymers with copper( I ) and silver( I ) ions. These polymers display interligand aromatic stacking interactions within each helical chain. The m ‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L 2 forms a coordination polymer with copper( I ) but a mononuclear complex with the larger silver( I ) ion in which the central phenyl ring is involved in an η 1 π‐type Ag ··· C interaction with the Ag I . The 3,3′‐biphenyl‐spaced ligand L 3 also forms one‐dimensional polymers with silver( I ) and copper( I ) ions, but in this case the sequence of bridging ligands between one metal centre and the next follows a zig‐zag path rather than being helical. The 1,8‐naphthyl‐spaced ligand L 4 only forms mononuclear complexes with copper( I ) and silver( I ) ions showing that this spacer is not large enough to enforce a bridging coordination mode. The three‐armed ligand L 5 , prepared from 2,4,6‐tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene, also forms a mononuclear complex with silver( I ) ions, where one of the three arms is pendant. However, when excess silver( I ) ions are present two of these mononuclear complexes can be assembled into the trinuclear complex [Ag 3 (L 5 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 3 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Große elektrische Feldeffekte auf die dipolare Aggregation von Merocyaninfarbstoffen (2003)

Monomer oder Dimer? Ein ungewöhnlich starker elektrischer Feldeffekt beeinflusst das Aggregationsgleichgewicht von hoch dipolaren Merocyaninfarbstoffen. Durch elektrooptische Absorptionsmessungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das externe elektrische Feld eine Zunahme der Monomerenkonzentration auf Kosten der Dimerenkonzentration bewirkt (siehe Schema).
Intelligent processing for primary metals (1989)

The Institute's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit To this end, the Institute conducts research to assure interna- tional competitiveness and leadership of U.S. industry, science and technology.
Regulation of Glial Cell Functions by PPAR‐γ Natural and Synthetic Agonists (2008)

In the recent years, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), a well known target for type II diabetes treatment, has received an increasing attention for its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and degenerative brain disorders. PPAR-gamma agonists, which include naturally occurring compounds (such as long chain fatty acids and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy Delta(12,14) prostaglandin J(2)), and synthetic agonists (among which the thiazolidinediones and few nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) have shown anti-inflammatory and protective effects in several experimental models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and stroke, as well as in few clinical studies. The pleiotropic effects of PPAR-gamma agonists are likely to be mediated by several mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory activities on peripheral immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes), as well as direct effects on neural cells including cerebral vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and glia. In the present article, we will review the recent findings supporting a major role for PPAR-gamma agonists in controlling neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through their activities on glial cells, with a particular emphasis on microglial cells as major macrophage population of the brain parenchyma and main actors in brain inflammation.
User interaction in a shared information space - a pervasive environment for the home (2005)

Connected technology in the home is growing rapidly due to advances in modern electronics. The growth of broadband is being followed by an associated uptake in home networks. At present the enabling technology tends to be visible and distinct (PCs, multimedia systems, Televisions, screens, etc). In the future, we predict the home will incorporate embedded systems and even greater networked-enabled shared resources resulting in a pervasive computing environment. Currently, there are a number of challenges to make this a reality. For example, how will users interact with the technology in a way that is intuitive and nonthreatening; how will the wide range of devices communicate and coordinate their requirements and services? This paper describes research which is investigating the concept that as devices in the home become more interconnected and announce their capabilities over a network, a new model will present itself where devices are decomposed into functional components which may then be reused in a much more flexible way. An architecture to support this model is proposed and presents a novel approach to device configuration called Task Oriented Programming (TOP) together with work on meeting the challenge of providing suitable user interfaces in the pervasive home.
MANAGING PROFILES TO EXTEND BOTH WHEEL AND RAIL LIFE (2001)

There is no eliminating fatigue in rails and wheels resulting from rolling contact between them, but it can be managed better with close monitoring of the profiles that wheels and rails present to each other. Software to measure and analyze profiles is a critical element. New computer applications are being developed and tested. They will be increasingly important as axle loads rise and trains travel at higher speeds.
Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications in Power Generation (2020)

Supercritical fluids have been studied and used as the working fluids in power generation system for both high- and low-grade heat conversions. Low-grade heat sources, typically defined as below 300 ºC, are abundantly available as industrial waste heat, solar thermal, and geothermal, to name a few. However, they are under-exploited for power conversion because of the low conversion efficiency. Technologies that allow the efficient conversion of low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical power are very important to develop. First part of this chapter investigates the potential of supercritical Rankine cycles in the conversion of low-grade heat to power, while the second part discusses supercritical fluids used in higher grade heat conversion system. The selection of supercritical working fluids for a supercritical Rankine cycle is of key importance. This chapter discusses supercritical fluids fundamentals, selection of supercritical working fluids for different heat sources, and the current research, development, and commercial status of supercritical power generation systems.
Development of a Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc (1991)

This article is a preliminary report of a 10-year investigation of the development of an intervertebral disc prosthesis. Spinal fusion is a method for the treatment of chronic, disabling low-back pain that does not respond to nonoperative treatments. Spinal fusion, however, has various adverse effects, and the results of spinal fusion are often unpredictable. The goal of this research project was to develop disc prostheses that have mechanical properties very similar to those of natural, normal discs. Two types of disc prosthesis, one with fiber-reinforced polyurethane and the other with multicomponent, non-fiber-reinforced polymers (C-Flex), have been designed and manufactured. The fiber-reinforced disc was made of polyurethane end-plates with A100 hardness, a homogenous nucleus with A40, and 12 layers of multidirectional (0, +45 degrees), fiber-reinforced anulus with A40 polyurethane. The design and modeling of the multicomponent polymers (non-fiber-reinforced) was made of C-Flex endplates with A90 hardness, a nucleus with A35 occupying 35% of the volume, and an anulus with 70A. Mechanical testing of these disc prostheses demonstrated similar mechanical properties to those of natural, normal discs.
Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) Doorways Are Restricted to the Blood Vessel Endothelium in Both Primary Breast Cancers and Their Lymph Node Metastases (2019)

Cancer cells metastasize from primary tumors to regional lymph nodes and distant sites via the lymphatic and blood vascular systems, respectively. Our prior work has demonstrated that in primary breast tumors, cancer cells utilize a three-cell complex (known as tumor microenvironment of metastasis, or TMEM) composed of a perivascular macrophage, a tumor cell expressing high levels of the actin-regulatory protein mammalian enabled (Mena), and an endothelial cell as functional "doorways" for hematogenous dissemination. Here, we studied a well-annotated case-control cohort of human invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and metastatic lymph nodes from a separate breast cancer cohort. We demonstrate that in primary breast tumors, blood vessels are always present within tumor cell nests (TCNs) and tumor-associated stroma (TAS), while lymphatic vessels are only occasionally present in TCN and TAS. Furthermore, TMEM doorways not only exist in primary tumors as previously reported but also in lymph node metastases. In addition, we show that TMEM intravasation doorways are restricted to the blood vascular endothelium in both primary tumors and lymph node metastases, suggesting that breast cancer dissemination to distant sites from both primary tumors and metastatic foci in lymph nodes occurs hematogenously at TMEM doorways. TMEMs are very rarely detected at lymphatic vessels and do not confer clinical prognostic significance, indicating they are not participants in TMEM-associated hematogenous dissemination. These findings are consistent with recent observations that hematogenous dissemination from lymph nodes occurs via blood vessels.
Phase field imaging of electromagnetic data (1985)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985Phase field imaging of electromagnetic dataAuthors: Seunghee LeeGeorge A. McMechanCarlos L. V. AikenSeunghee LeeUniv. of Texas, Dallas, George A. McMechanUniv. of Texas, Dallas, and Carlos L. V. AikenUniv. of Texas, Dallashttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892708 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1985 Pages: 643 publication data© 1985 Copyright © 1985 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Seunghee Lee, George A. McMechan, and Carlos L. V. Aiken, (1985), "Phase field imaging of electromagnetic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 222-224. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892708 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Eliciting Nature’s Activities (ELINA): a biochemometric approach to unravel complex bioactive mixtures (2019)

Although bio-guided isolation is a well-established method for the discovery of bioactive compounds from natural sources, it has many drawbacks, e.g. it is tedious, time-consuming, and not always successful. To improve this, biochemometric approaches have emerged in recent years. However, hit discovery from a complex extract containing close structural analogues remains challenging.
Parallel Analyses Disclose Novel Genomic Imbalances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complex Karyotypes. (2005)

Abstract Approximately 10 to 15 % of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases exhibit complex karyotypes, i.e., three or more chromosome abnormalities without presence of a specific fusion transcript. To identify novel genomic regions of interest in AML with complex karyotypes we applied comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays (matrix-CGH) allowing high-resolution genome-wide screening of genomic imbalances. We designed a microarray consisting of 2799 different BAC- or PAC-vectors. A set of 1500 of these clones covers the whole human genome with a physical distance of approximately 1.5 Mb. The remaining 1299 clones either contiguously span genomic regions known to be frequently involved in hematologic malignancies (e.g., 1p, 2p, 3q, 7q, 9p, 11q, 12q, 13q, 17p, 18q) (n=600) or contain oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes (n=699). Using this microarray platform, 83 AML cases with complex karyotypes were analyzed. Genomic losses were found more frequently than gains; the most frequent losses were deletions of 5q (71%), 17p (53%), 7q (48%); followed by deletions of 18q (30%), 16q (28%), 3p and 12q (20% each), 12p (18%), 20q (17%), and 11q (12%). The most frequent genomic gains were trisomies of 11q (39%) and 8q (31%); followed by trisomies of 1p (22%), 21q (20%), 9p (14%), 22q (13%), 13q (12%), and 6p (10%). In part, some critical segments were delineated to genomic fragments of 0.8 to a few megabase pairs in size. In lost/gained regions parallel analysis of gene expression using microarray technology detected a gene dosage effect with significant lower/higher average gene expression levels across the genes located in the respective regions. Furthermore, 47 high-level DNA amplifications in 19 different regions were identified; amplifications occurring in at least two cases mapped to (candidate genes in the amplicon) 11q23.3-q24.1 (n=10; ETS, FLI1); 11q23.3 (n=8; MLL, DDX6); 21q22 (n=5; ERG, ETS2); 13q12 (n=3; CDX2, FLT1, FLT3, PAN3); 8q24 (n=3; C8FW, MYC); 9p24 (n=2; JAK2); 12p13 (n=2; FGF6, CCND2); and 20q11 (n=2; ID1, BCL2L1). Parallel analysis displayed overexpressed candidate genes in critical amplified region, e.g., C8FW and MYC in 8q24. In conclusion, using high-resolution genome-wide screening tools such as matrix-CGH allows to unravel the enormous genetic diversity of AML cases with complex karyotypes, and correlation with global gene expression studies facilitates the delineation of disease-related candidate genes located in the critical regions.
Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum spp.) - a global scenario. (2011)

Karnal bunt of wheat was first reported in 1931 from Karnal, India. The pathogen infects the ovary and converts the grain into a sorus of dark coloured teliospores. The losses occur in terms of quality and quarantine reasons. The soilborne teliospores after germination produce primary and secondary sporidia under ideal conditions. The allantoid secondary sporidia become airborne by wind or rain splash and infect the emerging spikes. The heterothallic and compatible secondary sporidia fuse prior to infection. The infected grains emit a rotting fish smell due to the production of trimethylamine. The cultivation of resistant varieties, mulching of wheat with chickpea or polythene, use of biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp and low doses of systemic fungicides like Tilt (propiconazole) and Folicur forms the major components for the integrated pest management strategies. Karnal bunt of wheat has become a major SPS issue in wake of recent Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement stipulated by World Trade Organization. Under this agreement each member country has to undertake pest risk analysis for import or export. In the present article, global scenario of Karnal bunt disease along with its different aspects like distribution, pathogen, epidemiology, detection and management strategies have been reviewed.
Biologische kraamhok: vitale big, jonge zeug en ruimte (2003)

Voor een betere overlevingskans van pasgeboren biologische biggen zijn zowel de big, de zeug, het hok als de varkenshouder verantwoordelijk. Voor pasgeboren biggen zijn warmte en biest cruciaal. Jonge zeugen zijn goede moeders: ze zijn alert, hebben een goed uier en zijn niet te zwaar. Een ruim hok is noodzakelijk voor het gaan liggen en staan en voor het scheiden van lig- en mestplaats. In de komende tijd staan deze punten centraal in het kraamhokonderzoek in Raalte
FlashLight (2010)

Mobile phones can be used as mediators between users and interactive tabletops in several scenarios, including authentication and the sharing of information. Existing radio-based methods such as WiFi or Bluetooth offer a high-speed communication channel, but have serious limitations regarding the tabletop-phone-human interaction. They are not able to locate mobile phones placed on the surface, often require fairly complex coupling procedures for establishing connections, and are potentially vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we present a method for establishing a bidirectional communication channel between mobile phones and vision-based interactive surfaces utilizing the built-in flash-light and camera of mobile phones and the screen and camera of vision-based tabletops. We establish an entirely visual, secure and bidirectional communication channel at a speed superior to previous vision-based approaches, enabling users to establish connections and transfer data to and from interactive surfaces using ordinary out-of-the-box hardware.
IFN increases class I MHC antigen expression on adenovirus-infected human cells without inducing resistance to natural killer cell killing (1992)

Abstract It has been previously shown that unstimulated NK cells cannot preferentially lyse adenovirus serotypes 2 and 5-infected human cells. In this study, the ability of IFN to promote the selective NK cell-mediated lysis of adenovirus-infected human cells was determined. The relationship between target cell susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing and class I Ag expression was also analyzed through the use of adenovirus serotype 2 and 5 mutants that do not make the adenovirus early region 3 19-kDa class I binding protein. IFN induced the selective lysis of adenovirus serotype 2 and 5-infected human cells by activating NK cells (IFN-alpha) and protecting uninfected, but not adenovirus-infected cells, from NK cell-mediated lysis (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma increased the expression of class I Ag on the surface of cells infected with the adenovirus early region 3 deletion mutants, dl327 or dl801, to a level equal to or greater than that expressed on uninfected cells. Despite the increased expression of class I Ag, IFN-gamma could not protect these adenovirus-infected cells from NK cell-mediated lysis. Thus, dl327 or dl801 infection prevented IFN-gamma’s induction of cytolytic resistance to NK cell-mediated killing but left IFN-gamma’s induction of class I Ag intact. Surface class I Ag levels were substantially higher on IFN-gamma-treated, dl327-, and dl801-infected cells in comparison to cells infected with wild type adenovirus serotype 5. Again, higher target cell levels of class I Ag did not correlate with increased resistance to NK cell-mediated lysis because there was equivalent NK cell-mediated killing of IFN-gamma-treated adenovirus serotype 5-, dl327-, or dl801-infected cells. Thus, IFN-gamma only protects uninfected cells from NK cell-mediated killing, irrespective of target class I Ag levels, and thereby concentrates NK lytic activity on just adenovirus-infected cells. These data demonstrate that IFN-gamma’s ability to protect target cells from NK cell-mediated cytolysis is unrelated to IFN-gamma’s induction of surface class I MHC Ag.
STUDIES OF THE CONSTANT ERROR. (1965)

Abstract : A series of experiments are reported in which attempts are made to study the role of stimulus variables that may affect the magnitude of the constant error. The results indicate that in addition to bias effects that cannot rightly be ascribed to the stimulus, there are certain forms of potential sequential biases that may or may not be stimulus induced. The classical experiment to investigate the phenomenon is redesigned, and some preliminary results are presented to show that the technique is feasible. (Author)
Which comes first: The architecture or the algorithm? (1997)

There is a constant tension between the designers of algorithms and architectures. Each designs for the other's previous generation. Several factors are making this an increasingly inadequate approach. On the hardware side, the growing disparity between the performance of memory and CPU has pushed many architectures to hierarchical memories that reward significant data reuse (and punish algorithms that use data items a small number of times). On the algorithmic side, at least for a large class of algorithms in scientific computing, the emphasis on increasingly efficient algorithms, measured by the amount of work (floating point operations) per solution value, has led to algorithms that touch data only a few times. Further, algorithmic techniques that lead to adaptive methods (computing only with as much data as is required to accurately represent the solution) often lead to irregular or unpredictable accesses to memory. While these trends in architectures and algorithms are away from each other, there are other trends in algorithms that provide both a degree of greater memory locality without sacrificing algorithmic optimality. These are hierarchical methods, such as multigrid and general domain decomposition. These hierarchical methods place some requirements on architectures; primarily that there be no distinguished collection of processes/threads in a computation. Another opportunity in algorithms is the potential for exploiting split-phase or two-step operations.