gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FK506, a Calcineurin Inhibitor, Prevents Cadmium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice (2007)

Cadmium, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, damages several major organs in humans and other mammals. The molecular mechanisms for damage are not known. At high doses (5 mg/kg cadmium chloride or higher), testicular damage in mice, rats, and other rodents includes interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and changes in the seminiferous tubules affecting spermatogenesis. Necrosis is evident by 48 h. The goal of this study was to fine map and identify the cdm gene, a gene that when mutated prevents cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in mouse strains with a mutation in this gene. A serine-threonine phosphatase, calcineurin (CN), subunit A, alpha isoform (Ppp3ca), was one of the seven candidates in the cdm region that was narrowed from 5.6 to 2.0 Mb on mouse chromosome 3. An inhibitor of CN, the immunosuppressant, FK506, prevented cadmium-induced testicular damage in five pathological categories, including vascular endothelial and seminiferous epithelial endpoints. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that FK506 protected without lowering the amount of cadmium in the testes. Ppp3ca(-/-) mice were investigated but were found to exhibit endogenous testicular abnormalities, making them an inappropriate model for determining whether the inactivation of the Ppp3ca gene would afford protection from cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. The protection afforded by FK506, found by the current study, indicated that CN is likely to be important in the mechanism of cadmium toxicity in the testis and possibly other organs.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Functionally Substituted 3‐Heterylpyrazoles. Part 4. 1‐Phenyl‐3‐aryl(heteryl)‐5‐(4‐pyrazolyl)‐2‐pyrazolines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct Serogrouping of Group B Streptococci from Urogenital and Gastric Swabs with Nitrous Acid Extraction and the Phadebact Streptococcus Test (1982)

The micro-nitrous acid extraction-Phadebact coagglutination method was demonstrated to be a highly sensitive means to identify group B streptococci directly from cervical, uterine, and placental swab specimens, as well as from gastric and amniotic fluids. The swabs used for the standard culture method were used successfully for the direct extraction method. Accordingly, the direct swab extraction method yielded an identification of 92.0% of the group B streptococci identified by a standard culture procedure. Identification of the group B streptococci by the direct method was obtainable within 25 minutes of receipt of the clinical specimen in the laboratory. At this time, this highly rapid and sensitive method appears to be most applicable for the identification of group B streptococci from infants and colonized parturient women with associated risk factors before delivery, and therefore could provide a better opportunity for infant survival.
CRAM: cell re-labeling at merge-points for ATM multicast (2002)

Many distributed multimedia applications involve data delivery from a source to multiple destinations, the participating nodes forming a multicast group. In the naive solution, separate connections can be established from each source to other group members. However a tree can be established for each source with the participants as the leaf nodes or just have one tree spanning all the participants. In this paper, we introduce a data forwarding model to support such shared multicast trees over the ATM networks called CRAM (cell re-labeling at merge-points for ATM multicast). Our work allows VC merging in the MPLS architecture and supports recently proposed wide area multicast protocols (like CBT and PIM) in ATM networks.
Survival of Chlamydomonas Subsequent to Cryopreservation is Prevented by a Substance Released from Damaged Cells (2002)

Abstract Storage of algae in liquid nitrogen offers a convenient way to permanently preserve many cultures with minimum genetic drift. We have successfully cryopreserved over 1400 strains in the Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas (UTEX), but over one‐fourth of UTEX cultures remain recalcitrant. Our previous studies demonstrate that unicellular algae frozen at a high cell density (&gt;2000000 cells/mL) do not survive cryopreservation well. We now show that viability during cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii UTEX #89 at high cell densities is not affected by the physical proximity of cells. Instead, when cells are damaged, a small organic molecule(s) is produced and released into the medium preventing cryopreservation of other cells in the culture. Healthy C. reinhardtii cultures were treated with extracts prepared from damaged cells or culture medium separated from damaged cells, then cryopreserved by a standard method (Crutchfield et al. (1999) Eur J Phycol 34: 43–52). Viability was measured after thawing by the ability of a cell wall to preclude Evan's blue dye, and was confirmed by quantitative agar plating. The inhibitory substance from these fractions appears to affect living cells only during cryopreservation, but can be produced from cells by a variety of treatments. The inhibitor is heat‐stable, but heating cells to 80 °C precludes its production. The substance is stable when separated from cellular particulate matter, but gradually becomes inactive in the presence of cell membrane fractions. The inhibitor is a water‐soluble and heat‐stable organic compound(s), with a molecular mass less than or equal to 3500. Characterizing the inhibitory substance and the pathway that leads to its formation may explain why most multicellular algae remain recalcitrant to cryopreservation, and lead to protocols that allow the cryopreservation of a broader range of organisms.
LibGuides: ENG 302 - ACADEMIC WRITING AND RESEARCH: eBook / Streaming Video Collections / Organization Websites (2011)

This eGuide presents Library resources to assist you in finding articles and information for your ENG 302 research.
Phase Diagram of the System KF–AlF 3 (2000)

The system KF–AlF 3 was reinvestigated precisely by differential thermal analysis, X‐ray diffractometry, and visual observation. All of the samples for the present investigation were prepared by solution synthesis. The results verified the existence of 2KF·AlF 3 (K 2 AlF 5 ) and KF·4AlF 3 in the phase diagram; both compounds were orthorhombic. The cell parameters of the compounds were, respectively, a = 10.87 ± 0.03 Å, b = 10.36 ± 0.01 Å, c = 7.83 ± 0.03 Å, and a = 7.89 ± 0.01 Å, b = 7.57 ± 0.01 Å, c = 6.94 ± 0.01 Å. KAlF 4 was confirmed to melt congruently at 575°± 2°C by careful examination.
Structural and electrosurface characteristics of titanium dioxide xerogel prepared by the sol–gel method (2016)

Stable highly concentrated TiO2 sol has been synthesized using binary titanyl ammonium sulfate monohydrate, (NH4)2TiO(SO4)2 · H2O. Treatment of the sol with an ammonia solution has yielded a stable hydrogel, which, after being dried, is transformed into a TiO2 xerogel. Study of the structure-related sorption and crystalline-chemical properties of the synthesized xerogel has shown that it represents a semicrystalline micro/mesoporous material with a rather developed specific surface area (S sp = 120 m2/g). According to potentiometric titration data, the point of zero charge (PZC) of this material is located at pH 3.9. Measurements of the electrophoretic mobility (by microelectrophoresis) of TiO2 xerogel particles in solutions of HCl, NaOH, and salts of mono-, bi-, and trivalent cations have shown that (1) the isoelectric point (IEP) of the particles lies in the vicinity of pH 6.2, i.e., at a much higher pH than that for PZC; (2) the presence of increasing amounts of 1: 1 and 2: 1 electrolytes causes a gradual and a dramatic reduction in the ζ potential of the particles, respectively; and (3), in the presence of an electrolyte with a trivalent counterion, the surface charge is reversed. The behavior of TiO2 xerogel in an electric field is similar to that of lyophobic particles, with the difference that there is no maximum in the ζ potential versus 1: 1 electrolyte concentration dependence and the measured IEP of the xerogel is much higher than its PZC. Possible reasons for this discrepancy have been discussed.
Myeloerythroid-restricted progenitors are sufficient to confer radioprotection and provide the majority of day 8 CFU-S (2002)

Whole-body irradiation at the minimal lethal dose causes bone marrow failure and death within 12–18 days. To identify the principal components of the hematopoietic system that are radioprotective, we transplanted lethally irradiated mice with purified progenitors: common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), megakaryocyte/erythrocyte-restricted progenitors (MEPs), or granulocyte/monocyte-restricted progenitors (GMPs). Transplanted CMPs gave rise to cells both of the granulocyte/monocyte (GM) series and the megakaryocyte/erythrocyte series, whereas GMPs or MEPs showed reconstitution of only GM or ME cells, respectively. CMPs and MEPs but not GMPs protected mice in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that erythrocytes, platelets, or both are the critical effectors of radioprotection. Accordingly, CMPs and MEPs formed robust colonies in recipient bone marrow and spleen, whereas GMPs formed small colonies that rapidly disappeared. Direct comparisons of spleen CFU (CFU-S) potentials among each progenitor subset showed that MEPs contain the vast majority of day 8 CFU-S activity, suggesting that day 8 CFU-S are the precursors of radioprotective cell subsets. All animals radioprotected for 30 days subsequently survived for at least 6 months post-transplant, and showed only host-derived hematopoiesis after 30 days. These findings suggest that rare hematopoietic stem cells survive myeloablation that can eventually repopulate irradiated hosts if myeloerythroid-restricted progenitors transiently rescue ablated animals through the critical window of bone marrow failure.
Conventional Forces and Stability in Europe: Some Thoughts on Force Structures, Qualitative Factors and Their Control (2019)

In situ remote sensing is an essential component of on-site inspection methods, and for Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) it would be prudent to negotiate for the use of a wide range of technologies and sensor systems. The political processes under way in Europe are disrupting the two-bloc security system and the bipolar structures it has spanned in the 23-member CFE talks. The most practical alternative seems likely to be arms reduction negotiations involving all 35 members of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. A central imperative of the conventional arms control negotiations has been to eliminate the possibility of a surprise, high-intensity offensive. In this strategy, there is an explicit subscription to an understanding of what constitutes offensive and defensive capabilities and that both sides should move to so-called &quot;defense sufficiency&quot; doctrines and force structures. This obviously assumes a plan for appropriate equipment and, less clearly, supporting technologies.
Muscular Basis of Strength (2003)

This chapter contains section titled: Contractile machinery of skeletal muscle fibre types Excitation–contraction coupling Muscle fibre types Energy supply systems Structural basis of muscle training Perspective Acknowledgements References
Synthesis and spectral properties of 3-(2-aryl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazol- 4-yl)-2-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ones (2014)

Alkylation of ethyl 4-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-3-oxobutanoate with 2-aryl-4-bromoacetyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazole followed by decar-boxylation–cyclization of the intermediate diketo ester affords the title photochromic compounds. Relationship between the fluorescent characteristics, thermal stability of photoinduced form as well as quantum yields of photochemical reactions and the structure of these compounds was evaluated.
Impact analysis in the software change process: a year 2000 perspective (1996)

Software change impact analysis has gained considerable attention with recent challenges of the Year 2000 Date situation. As the software community recognizes the growing need to identify consequences of these changes, impact analysis is making its way into the software process. Dependencies between software life cycle objects are becoming more numerous and complex as many software systems grow beyond a million of lines of code. Software change efforts are plagued with widely varying estimates for implementing software changes, since the impacts of the change are not readily known in advance. The introduction of software change impact analysis into the software process adds more fidelity to software change visibility, enabling more accurate software change estimates. The paper examines where impact analysis is applied during software changes and describes how impact analysis can be addressed in the software process.
Formation and Annealing Behavior of Nanocrystalline Steels Produced by Ball Drop Test (2002)

Nanocrystallization by a ball drop test in an eutectoid steel with either pearlite or spheroidite structure has been studied. By a ball drop test, nanocrystalline layer has been formed along the surface (near the edge of the impact crater) and interior of specimen (near the bottom of the impact crater). Prior deformation of specimens has been found to reduce the number of ball drops to produce nanocrystalline layer. When the prior deformation was severe enough, one time of ball drop could produce a nanocrystalline layer. Severe shear deformation was observed at the nanocrystalline layer. This suggests that strain localization under a high strain rate deformation promotes nanocrystallization. For the samples with pearlite structure, cementite dissolved completely in the nanocrystalline layer. For the samples with spheroidite structure, most of cementite particles also dissolved by a ball drop test. A mechanism account for dissolution of spherical cementite is proposed. After annealing at 873 K for 3.6 ks, grain growth took place in the nanocrystalline region in contrast to recrystallization in work-hardened region like observed in ball milled powders. Fine cementite particles re-precipitated at nanocrystalline ferrite grain and then inhibited the grain growth effectively.
Cross-desensitization Among Receptors for Platelet Activating Factor and Peptide Chemoattractants (1996)

Cross-desensitization among receptors for peptide chemoattractants have been shown to involve two independent processes, receptor phosphorylation and inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activation. Receptors for lipid chemoattractants, i.e. platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4, did not inhibit the responses of peptide chemoattractant receptors, suggesting distinct signaling pathways. To examine cross-desensitization between receptors for lipid and peptide chemoattractants, cDNA encoding the PAF receptor (PAFR) was co-expressed into RBL-2H3 cells with cDNAs encoding receptors for either formylated peptides (FR), a product of the fifth component of complement (C5aR) or interleukin-8 A (IL-8RA). PAFR was homologously phosphorylated and desensitized by PAF, and cross-phosphorylated and cross-desensitized by fMet-Leu-Phe, C5a, and IL-8. In contrast, the receptors for peptide chemoattractants were neither cross-phosphorylated nor cross-desensitized by PAF. Staurosporine blocked cross-phosphorylation and cross-desensitization of the PAFR by peptide chemoattractants. Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of PAFR (mPAFR) abolished its homologous and cross-phosphorylation. mPAFR was also resistant to cross-desensitization by peptide chemoattractants at the level of PLC activation. Interestingly, mPAFR mediated a sustained Ca2+ mobilization in response to PAF and was more active in inducing GTPase activity, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, secretion, and phospholipase D activation than the wild type PAFR. In contrast to PAFR, stimulation of the mPAFR cross-phosphorylated and cross-desensitized responses to IL-8RA. As expected, FR, which is resistant to cross-phosphorylation by C5aR and IL-8RA, was not phosphorylated by mPAFR. However, unlike C5aR and IL-8RA, mPAFR did not inhibit the ability of FR to activate PLC. Blocking Ca2+ influx inhibited mPAFR-mediated sustained Ca2+ response, phospholipase D activation and secretion, but not phosphoinositide hydrolysis and cross-phosphorylation and cross-desensitization of IL-8RA. The data herein suggest that cross-desensitization of PAFR by peptide chemoattractants is solely due to receptor phosphorylation. The PAFR and the peptide chemoattractant receptors do not cross-regulate each other at the level of PLC, suggesting distinct regulatory pathways.
Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV‐Infected People (2001)

Knowledge pertaining to hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is currently incomplete or conflicting. Several points are well studied, however. Plasma HCV RNA levels are higher in matched HIV-infected people than in HIV-seronegative control subjects and are inversely correlated with CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts. HCV genotype does not appear to influence this value. Co-infected individuals develop histological and clinical features of HCV liver disease more rapidly than HIV-seronegative patients. Co-infected individuals appear to respond to interferon-alpha therapy equally as well as HIV-seronegative HCV-infected adults, but minimal information exists regarding the efficacy and toxicity of combination HCV therapy (interferon-alpha plus ribavirin) in this population. Adverse consequences of highly active antiretroviral therapy in co-infected patients include hepatic toxicity and, in a minority of patients, an 'immune restoration syndrome'. It is unclear whether long term, highly active antiretroviral therapy positively or negatively influences the natural history of HCV infection.
Biochemical and radiological relationships in patients with pheochromocytoma: lessons from a case control study (2014)

Modest elevations (<4-fold ULN) of the NMN fraction in an adrenal mass >5 cm are almost always falsely positive. Elevations in plasma and urinary MN fraction are less likely to be false positive. The CT pre-contrast attenuation of PHEOs is >10 HU.
Iron and Menopause: Does Increased Iron Affect the Health of Postmenopausal Women? (2009)

Estrogen deficiency has been regarded as the main causative factor in menopausal symptoms and diseases. Here, we show that although estrogen decreases by 90%, a concurrent but inverse change occurs in iron levels during menopausal transition. For example, levels of serum ferritin are increased by two- to threefold from before menopause to after menopause. This observation has led us to hypothesize that, in addition to estrogen deficiency, increased iron as a result of menopause could be a risk factor affecting the health of postmenopausal women. Further studies on iron and menopause are clinically relevant and may provide novel therapeutic treatments.
Supplementary table 3 from ConsensusDriver Improves upon Individual Algorithms for Predicting Driver Alterations in Different Cancer Types and Individual Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of PIK3CA oncogenic mutations&lt;/p&gt;
Design of spaces for recording and live broadcast within existing physical design limitations (2021)

It is optimum to start the design of studios for live broadcast and recording using ideal proportions. At times existing building conditions limit the design height or configurations that are possible. This paper examines the design of three studios for live broadcast that are confined either by height, size, location, or a previous design. The three studios serve as live broadcast spaces for classical music, contemporary music, interviews, and jazz. Two of the studios include options which integrate live audiences. Design solutions are presented as well as measured performance results. Results will include before and after testing where existing studio acoustic conditions were modified.
Efficient Inhibition of the Alzheimer’s Disease β-Secretase by Membrane Targeting (2008)

beta-Secretase plays a critical role in beta-amyloid formation and thus provides a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Inhibitor design has usually focused on active-site binding, neglecting the subcellular localization of active enzyme. We have addressed this issue by synthesizing a membrane-anchored version of a beta-secretase transition-state inhibitor by linking it to a sterol moiety. Thus, we targeted the inhibitor to active beta-secretase found in endosomes and also reduced the dimensionality of the inhibitor, increasing its local membrane concentration. This inhibitor reduced enzyme activity much more efficiently than did the free inhibitor in cultured cells and in vivo. In addition to effectively targeting beta-secretase, this strategy could also be used in designing potent drugs against other membrane protein targets.
LEXLUTHER: an algorithm for detecting roads and obstacles in radar images (2002)

This paper describes LEXLUTHER (likelihood-based experiments evaluating the efficacy of radar), an algorithm for detecting roads and obstacles in radar data taken from an imaging platform mounted on a stationary automobile. Such an algorithm would be useful in systems that provide all-weather driving assistance. Road boundaries are detected first. The prior shape of the road boundaries is modeled as a deformable template that describes the road edges in terms of its curvature, orientation and offset. This template is matched to the underlying gradient field of the road data using a new and novel matching criteria. The Metropolis algorithm is used to deform the template so that it "best" matches the underlying gradient field. Obstacles are detected next The radar returns from image pixels that are identified by LEXLUTHER as being part of the road are processed again and their power levels are compared to a threshold. Pixels belonging to the road that return a significant (greater than threshold) amount of incident radar power are identified as potential obstacles. The performance of LEXLUTHER on a large all-weather data set is documented. The road edges and obstacles detected are consistently closer to groung truth over the entire data set.