gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Causes of Path Inflation (2003)

Researchers have shown that the Internet exhibits path inflation -- end-to-end paths can be significantly longer than necessary. We present a trace-driven study of 65 ISPs that characterizes the root causes of path inflation, namely topology and routing policy choices within an ISP, between pairs of ISPs, and across the global Internet. To do so, we develop and validate novel techniques to infer intra-domain and peering policies from end-to-end measurements. We provide the first measured characterization of ISP peering policies. In addition to &amp;quot;early-exit,&amp;quot; we observe a significant degree of helpful non-early-exit, load-balancing, and other policies in use between peers. We find that traffic engineering (the explicit addition of policy constraints on top of topology constraints) is widespread in both intra- and inter-domain routing. However, intra-domain traffic engineering has minimal impact on path inflation, while peering policies and inter-domain routing lead to significant inflation. We argue that the underlying cause of inter-domain path inflation is the lack of BGP policy controls to provide convenient engineering of good paths across ISPs.
Towards a compact optical fibre clock (2010)

We have loaded a hollow core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and used it to record an absorption spectrum of iodine near 532 nm. We will measure the hyperfine structures of the P142 (37-0) transition of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in a HC-PCF and compare it to measurements made using a traditional <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas cell to determine how much spectral line broadening is induced in the HC-PCF as a result of gas particle collisions with the walls of the fibre. We aim to provide an estimate of the stability obtainable in a clock based on an <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> loaded HCPCF.
Nanocomposite Mo-Ti-N Coatings for Wear Resistant Applications (2005)

The objectives of this work were to demonstrate the feasibility of depositing novel nanocomposite coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering, to verify their nanocomposite structure, and to relate their mechanical properties to their structure and composition. A large number of nanocomposite coatings with varying Mo and Ti contents were deposited. Key coating properties, including hardness, microstructure, composition, and stability were evaluated using a variety of testing techniques. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were used to characterize the microstructure of the coatings. The hardnesses of the coatings were measured using a nanoindenter. The amount of Mo and Ti was estimated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our results show that we can obtain nano-composite films using both split targets and multiple ring targets with a cylindrical magnetron. By varying the relative area ratio of the rings, we can obtain the desired ratio of the two materials being sputtered. The composition is uniform over the length of the substrate holder when ring targets are used.
Return flat-free telescope alignment using sine condition test and deflectometry (2020)

A common method for aligning a telescope in a laboratory setting is to place an interferometer at the focal plane and a return flat in collimated space. For some long wavelength systems that need to be aligned, or checked in the field, transporting an interferometer and a large flat are not practical. One example is a balloon borne terahertz telescope. In this paper, we present an alignment approach that does not require an interferometer or return flat. Instead of using a traditional approach, we are proposing the use of deflectometry and the sine condition test to determine the state of alignment. Both of these tests can be done with the same equipment which primarily consists of a camera and an LCD larger than the clear aperture of the telescope. Deflectometry is used to measure defocus, spherical, and on axis coma while the sine condition test measures linearly field dependent astigmatism. These are the low order aberrations that will be affected by misalignments, and their magnitudes and orientations can be used to align the system. We explain how this approach is used, show the results of simulations, and predict the expected performance of a telescope aligned with this approach.
A formal approach for designing CORBA-based applications (2003)

The design of distributed applications in a CORBA-based environment can be carried out by means of an incremental approach, which starts from the specification and leads to the high-level architectural design. This article discusses a methodology to transform a formal specification written in TRIO into a high-level design document written in an extension of TRIO, named TRIO/CORBA (TC). The TC language is suited to formally describe the high-level architecture of a CORBA-based application. As a result, designers are offered high-level concepts that precisely define the architectural elements of an application. Furthermore, TC offers mechanisms to extend its base semantics, and can be adapted to future developments and enhancements in the CORBA standard. The methodology and the associated language are presented through a case study derived from a real Supervision and Control System.
The Intelligent Diagnostic System for Common Diseases using the Optimized Medical Knowledge Graph (2020)

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) has been widely used. This paper presents a CDSS system, which called the Intelligent Auxiliary Diagnostic System for Common Disease (CD-IADS). CD-IADS assists the primary doctors in the diagnosis of common diseases with the patient's symptoms, signs, tests and personal background, which improves the primary doctors' working efficiency and reduces their misdiagnosis rate. In CD-IADS, medical experts construct the Medical Knowledge Graph according to medical literature and clinical experience firstly. Then, information entropy and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are used to optimize the special weights based on medical records. The system combines the advantages of the medical expert system and the artificial intelligence algorithm to support the diagnosis of common diseases. The paper takes the common diseases of the respiratory department as an example, and the TOP-1 and TOP-3 diagnostic accuracy rates are up to 64.6% and 86.0% respectively.
TouchWave (2012)

The increasing popularity of touch-based devices is driving us to rethink existing interfaces. Within this opportunity, the complexity of information visualizations offers particular challenges. We explore these challenges to bring multi-touch interactions to a specific visualization technique, stacked graphs. Stacked graphs are a visually appealing and popular method for presenting time series data, however, they come with associated problems-issues with legibility, difficulties with comparisons, and restrictions in scalability. We present TouchWave, a rethinking and extension of stacked graphs for multi-touch capable devices that provides a variety of flexible layout adjustments, interactive options for querying data values, and seamlessly switching between different visualizations. In addition to ameliorating the main issues of stacked graphs, TouchWave also integrates hierarchical data within stacked graphs. We demonstrate TouchWave capabilities with two datasets-a music listening history and movie box office revenues and discuss the implications for weaning other visualizations off mouse and keyboard.
Global Reorganization of Replication Domains During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2008)

DNA replication in mammals is regulated via the coordinate firing of clusters of replicons that duplicate megabase-sized chromosome segments at specific times during S-phase. Cytogenetic studies show that these "replicon clusters" coalesce as subchromosomal units that persist through multiple cell generations, but the molecular boundaries of such units have remained elusive. Moreover, the extent to which changes in replication timing occur during differentiation and their relationship to transcription changes has not been rigorously investigated. We have constructed high-resolution replication-timing profiles in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) before and after differentiation to neural precursor cells. We demonstrate that chromosomes can be segmented into multimegabase domains of coordinate replication, which we call "replication domains," separated by transition regions whose replication kinetics are consistent with large originless segments. The molecular boundaries of replication domains are remarkably well conserved between distantly related ESC lines and induced pluripotent stem cells. Unexpectedly, ESC differentiation was accompanied by the consolidation of smaller differentially replicating domains into larger coordinately replicated units whose replication time was more aligned to isochore GC content and the density of LINE-1 transposable elements, but not gene density. Replication-timing changes were coordinated with transcription changes for weak promoters more than strong promoters, and were accompanied by rearrangements in subnuclear position. We conclude that replication profiles are cell-type specific, and changes in these profiles reveal chromosome segments that undergo large changes in organization during differentiation. Moreover, smaller replication domains and a higher density of timing transition regions that interrupt isochore replication timing define a novel characteristic of the pluripotent state.
Facile Purification of Porous Metal Terephthalates with Ultrasonic Treatment in the Presence of Amides (2009)

A facile purification method for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), especially the ones containing insoluble 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) in the pore, has been suggested. The purification method consists of the treatment of the MOF with amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, especially under ultrasound treatment. The purification is completed within 1 h at 70 degrees C as has been confirmed by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR and TGA measurements. The purification method proved to be simple, one-step, fast and energy-efficient. The MOFs purified by the proposed method show high surface area and micropore volume, confirming the efficiency of the method. The proposed method will lead to a new access to activate (for example, to remove carboxylic acids) MOFs that are unstable above around 100 degrees C. Additionally, the method may be used to transform a non-porous MOF-type material into a porous MOF structure. However, adequate solvents will be necessary for the facile purification of MOFs.
Increasing the precision of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion by process combination with in situ laser ablation (2022)

Laser-based powder bed fusion of metals is limited in terms of achievable accuracy, surface quality, and minimal structure size due to its inherent melting process. The limits are primarily determined by the focal diameter of the laser beam and the grain size of the metal powder. Small structures like deep and narrow slits with a width below 100 µm, are still a major challenge especially for high aspect ratios. To overcome this limitation a quasi-simultaneous manufacturing process combining additive and subtractive laser processes with continuous wave and ultrafast lasers was developed. The additive manufactured components can be precisely machined by means of ultrafast laser ablation after each added layer, achieving detailed structures with feature sizes below 50 µm. In this work, the latest results of the production of narrow slits with a depth of several millimeters in components made of pure iron will be shown.
Strengthening mechanisms of Al wires processed by equal channel angular torsion drawing (2019)

This paper reports the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of a commercial purity Al alloy (Al 1350) after severe plastic deformation by a novel continuous method called ‘Equal Channel Angular Torsion Drawing (ECATD)’. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results revealed an inhomogeneous grain refinement including a large fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. After four passes, the microhardness increases from the initial value of 35 HV up to 44 and 62 HV at the centre and near to wire surface, respectively. A combination of high strength and ductility can be achieved based on the results of a Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) for mechanical properties. The strengthening occurs due to increment of the dislocation density, and development of mainly new low-angle grain boundaries.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOBUTANONES. VI. SYNTHESES OF CHRYSENES AND STEROID‐LIKE SUBSTANCES (1981)

Abstract Bei der Dehydrochlorierung der Säurechloride (I) mit Triethylamin entstehen Naphthylketene, die in situ Cyclopenta‐ bzw. ‐hexadien addieren.
La valorisation des coproduits de l’huilerie par méthanisation (2012)

The productions of vegetable oil and methyl esters of vegetable oil lead to the generation of a lot of by-products. The purpose of this work was to study an alternative solution for a profitable use of vegetable oil by-products: anaerobic digestion. The potential for anaerobic digestion of 24 by-products was studied. The results show that most of oil by-products had a good capacity for anaerobic digestion. Then, the effects of the addition of oil by-products on the behavior of one reactor treating a mixture of grass, cow manure and fruit and vegetable waste and another reactor treating household waste were investigated. Most of the by-products tested improved significantly the production of methane indicating that the addition of by-products from oil production could represent a significant financial earning for the digester operators.Discussions are in progress involving oil producers and biogas plant operators to assess the opportunity of supporting the addition of by-products from oil refining in their facilities. A first evaluation of the costs and potential benefits of by-product treatment was performed. These costs should be reviewed in line with the increased development of anaerobic digestion and the expected benefits due to the digestion of by-products.
Refractive index profile tailoring of multimode optical fibers for the spatial and spectral shaping of parametric sidebands (2019)

In this paper, we introduce the concept of spatial and spectral control of nonlinear parametric sidebands in multimode optical fibers by tailoring their linear refractive index profile. In all cases, the pump experiences Kerr self-cleaning, leading to a bell-shaped beam profile. Geometric parametric instability, owing to quasi-phase matching from the dynamic grating generated via the Kerr effect by pump self-imaging, leads to frequency multicasting of beam self-cleaning across a wideband array of sidebands. Our experiments show that introducing a Gaussian dip into the refractive index profile of a graded index fiber permits us to dramatically change the spatial content of spectral sidebands into higher-order modes. This is due to the breaking of the oscillation synchronism among low-order and higher-order modes. Hence, the inter-modal four-wave mixing approach should be used to describe the sideband generation mechanism. Observations agree well with theoretical predictions based on a perturbative analysis and with full numerical solutions of the (3+1)D nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America
LIGNIN BIO-BASED MATERIAL IN UNSATURATED POLYESTER (2019)

The potential utilization of lignin, as a natural-based material, in unsaturated polyester (UPE) has been investigated. Kraft (Indulin AT) and sulfite lignin (ArboSO1) samples from forestry biomass and their consistencies in UPE were evaluated by qualitative and quantitative methods. The tensile and impact properties of the cured UPE with and without lignins, as well as fracture surfaces, were also studied. The result indicated that the ash content is quite high for lignosulfonate ArboSO1. NMR spectra show significant differences almost in the entire spectral region for the two lignins. The aliphatic hydroxyl groups were found more uniform in Indulin AT than in ArboSO1. Indulin AT seems to have more pronounced condensed units than ArboSO1. The guaiacyl units in Indulin AT were found to be more uniform and of higher magnitude than in ArboSO1, similarly to free phenolic units. However, the terminal carboxylic content in ArboSO1 was found to be higher than in Indulin AT. The investigation by SEM showed that the particles of the two lignins are porous and have different sizes, mostly less than 100 m. The addition of different concentrations of lignins increased the viscosity of UPE; however, the viscosity was still suitable for processing at the lignin loading levels. The results also indicated that the lignin types and loadings did influence the tensile properties, but not the impact property of the UPE. The modulus of UPE decreased almost linearly with the loading of ArboSO1 for both UPEs. On the other hand, the modulus of UPE leveled up for Indulin AT only at 10 and 20 wt% loading. The positive effect of adding 10 wt% of both lignin samples on the tensile strength of UPE was demonstrated. The presence of lignin affected the fracture surface of the UPE systems, regardless of the lignin type and consistency. This novel approach could reduce costs and environmental impact of manufacturing UPE products, while improving their quality.
Purification and characterization of a Mr ∼66,000 lung‐derived (paracrine) growth factor that preferentially stimulates the in vitro proliferation of lung‐metastasizing tumor cells (1990)

In medium containing low concentrations of serum, rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones (MTPa and MTC; isolated from the locally growing tumor) of low metastatic potential to lung did not exhibit a growth response to lung-conditioned medium, whereas a highly metastatic cell clone isolated from a spontaneous lung metastasis (MTLn3) did. The major growth-promoting factor for MTLn3 cells from porcine and rat lung-conditioned media was isolated by using a five-step procedure (anion exchange chromatography, Affi-gel blue affinity chromatography, chromatofocusing, size exclusion chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis). The lung-derived factor that stimulated the growth of highly metastatic MTLn3 cells was a glycoprotein of Mr approximately 66,000 (non-reduced) or Mr approximately 72,000 (reduced) and possessed a pI of 6.9-7.0. It preferentially promoted the growth of lung-metastasizing tumor lines over their poorly lung-metastasizing counterparts in three tumor systems: rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma, murine B16 melanoma, and murine RAW117 large-cell lymphoma. The factor's growth-stimulatory affect was inactivated by reduction or exposure to high temperature (95 degrees C). Although the growth factor appears to be glycosylated, its molecular weight was not altered by treatment with the protein-deglycosylating agent, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. Cleavage of the protein by cyanogen bromide resulted in the formation of five fragments. Malignant cell response to this lung-derived paracrine growth factor may be important in the successful formation of lung metastases.
Improving TCP-Friendliness for mHIP (2012)

Abstract. Multihomed environments are getting increasingly common, especially for mobile users. mHIP was designed to provide secure multi-path data transmission for the multihomed hosts and boost throughput of a single TCP connection by effectively distributing data over multiple available paths. In this paper we develop a TCP-friendly congestion control scheme for mHIP secure multipath scheduling solution. We enable two-level control over aggressiveness of the multipath flows to prevent stealing bandwidth from the traditional transport connections in the shared bottleneck. We demonstrate how to achieve a desired level of friendliness at the expense of inessential performance degradation. A series of simulations verifies that the proposed congestion control for mHIP meets the criteria of TCP-compatibility, TCP-equivalence and TCP-equal share, preserving friendliness to UDP and another mHIP traffic.
Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase SULT2B1b Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Proliferation <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2016)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) is highly selective for the addition of sulfate groups to 3β-hydroxysteroids. Although previous reports have suggested that SULT2B1b is correlated with cell proliferation of hepatocytes, the relationship between SULT2B1b and the malignant phenotype of hepatocarcinoma cells was not clear. In the present study, we found that SULT2B1 was comparatively higher in the human hepatocarcinoma tumorous tissues than their adjacent tissues. Besides, SULT2B1b overexpression promoted the growth of the mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line Hepa1-6, while Lentivirus-mediated SULT2B1b interference inhibited growth as assessed by the CCK-8 assay. Likewise, inhibition of SULT2B1b expression induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Hepa1-6 cells by upregulating the expression of FAS, downregulating the expression of cyclinB1, BCL2 and MYC &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; at both the transcript and protein levels. Knock-down of SULT2B1b expression significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mouse xenografts. Moreover, proliferation rates and SULT2B1b expression were highly correlated in the human hepatocarcinoma cell lines Huh-7, Hep3B, SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. Knock-down of SULT2B1b inhibited cell growth and cyclinB1 levels in human hepatocarcinoma cells and suppressed xenograft growth &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In conclusion, SULT2B1b expression promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, which may contribute to the progression of HCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Preparation, Characterization, and Antitumor Evaluation of Electrospun Resveratrol Loaded Nanofibers (2016)

Resveratrol has been reported as a potential antitumor agent for several years. The possible application was greatly hampered by its poor solubility. The current study reported the construction of electrospun Resveratrol loaded nanofibers with methoxypolyethylene glycol-poly(caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) block copolymers as drug carriers. Characterization studies showed the successful encapsulation of Rsv in the nanofibers with an in vitro sustained release pattern. In vitro XTT assay suggested the superior cytotoxicity of Rsv-NFs with more apoptosis induction on cancer cells. Cells that exposed to Rsv-NFs showed less clonogenic ability when compared to the equivalent dose of free Rsv. In addition, the migration and invasion ability of cells were also significantly lower when treated with Rsv-NFs. In the in vivo study, local implantation of Rsv-NFs greatly increased the growth inhibitory effect compared to free Rsv. Therefore, results from the current study demonstrated a promising way to improve the antitumor effect of Rsv by nanofiber delivery.