gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered excitation‐contraction coupling with skeletal muscle specific FKBP12 deficiency (2004)

The immunophilin FKBP12 binds the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel or ryanodine receptor (RyR1), but the functional consequences of this interaction are not known. In this study, we have generated skeletal muscle specific FKBP12-deficient mice to investigate the role of FKBP12 in skeletal muscle. Primary myotubes from these mice show no obvious change in either Ca2+ stores or resting Ca2+ levels but display decreased voltage-gated intracellular Ca2+ release and increased L-type Ca2+ currents. Consistent with the decreased voltage-gated Ca2+ release, maximal tetanic force production is decreased and the force frequency curves are shifted to the right in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the mutant mice. In contrast, there is no decrease in maximal tetanic force production in the mutant diaphragm or soleus muscle. The force frequency curve is shifted to the left in the FKBP12-deficient diaphragm muscle compared with controls. No changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype are observed in EDL or soleus muscle of the FKBP12-deficient mice, but diaphragm muscle displays an increased ratio of slow to fast MHC isoforms. Also, calcineurin levels are increased in the diaphragm of the mutant mice but not in the soleus or EDL. In summary, FKBP12 deficiency alters both orthograde and retrograde coupling between the L-type Ca2+ channel and RyR1 and the consequences of these changes depend on muscle type and activity. In highly used muscles such as the diaphragm, adaptation to the loss of FKBP12 occurs, possibly due to the increased Ca2+ influx.
Spatial Interestingness Measures for Co-location Pattern Mining (2012)

Co-location pattern mining aims at finding subsets of spatial features frequently located together in spatial proximity. The underlying motivation is to model the spatial correlation structure between the features. This allows to discover interesting co-location rules (feature interactions) for spatial analysis and prediction tasks. As in association rule mining, a major problem is the huge amount of possible patterns and rules. Hence, measures are needed to identify interesting patterns and rules. Existing approaches so far focused on finding frequent patterns, patterns including rare features, and patterns occurring in small (local) regions. In this paper, we present a new general class of interestingness measures that are based on the spatial distribution of co-location patterns. These measures allow to judge the interestingness of a pattern based on properties of the underlying spatial feature distribution. The results are different from standard measures like participation index or confidence. To demonstrate the usefulness of these measures, we apply our approach to the discovery of rules on a subset of the OpenStreetMap point-of-interest data.
Universal Design of Luciferase Fusion Proteins for Epigenetic Modifications Detection Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2023)

Global hypomethylation and promoter hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are the hallmarks of cancer. We previously reported a global DNA methylation level sensing system based on dual-color bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) using methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)-fused firefly luciferase (Fluc) and unmethyl-CpG binding domain (CXXC)-fused <i>Oplophorus</i> luciferase (Oluc). Moreover, BRET-based hydroxymethylation and hemi-methylation level sensing systems have been developed using hydroxymethyl-CpG and hemi-methyl-CpG binding domain-fused Fluc. These studies suggest that target epigenetic modifications can be simultaneously quantified using target-modification-binding protein-fused luciferases. In this study, we focused on the SnoopTag (SnT)/SnoopCatcher (SnC) protein ligation system to establish a universal design for fusion protein construction for any combination. SnT spontaneously forms an isopeptide bond with SnC; therefore, any kind of fusion protein would be constructed by the SnT/SnC system. To establish the proof of concept, MBD-SnT, CXXC-SnT, and SnC-Oluc were prepared and ligated MBD-SnT or CXXC-SnT to SnC-Oluc. The ligation products of MBD-SnT-SnC-Oluc and CXXC-SnT-SnC-Oluc showed luciferase activity and specific binding activity to methyl-CpG and unmethyl-CpG, respectively. The BRET signal using MBD-SnT-SnC-Oluc and CXXC-SnT-SnC-Oluc increased the amount of methyl-CpG and unmethyl-CpG in genomic DNA, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the BRET signals; therefore, the global DNA methylation level was quantified using the BRET signals (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.99, and R.S.D. <3.5%). These results indicate that the SnT/SnC protein ligation system can be utilized to construct target modification-binding protein-fused luciferases in any combination that detects target modifications in genomic DNA based on BRET.
Clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features of newly diagnosed prostate cancer predominantly detected by opportunistic PSA screening: A survey of Shiga Prefecture, Japan (2021)

Organized PSA screening contributes to increasing the number of patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer who can be treated curatively.
Surgery after sunitinib administration to improve survival of patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (2021)

Surgical resection after sunitinib administration improved OS in advanced Pan-NENs.
Biscarbin-Cluster durch Alkinspaltung: Eine allgemeine Reaktion (1980)

Die Spaltung der CC-Bindung mit CpCo(CO)2 eröffnet den Zugang zu Biscarbin-Clustern wie (1) auf dem denkbar einfachsten Weg. Bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiin und -hexatriin bilden bei dieser Reaktion u. a. Komplexe mit zwei Cluster-Einheiten. Alle diese Komplexe sind möglicherweise als Modelle für H/D-Austauschreaktionen und die Hydroformylierung geeignet.
Regional cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder measured with PET: trait effects at rest and after mood induction (2002)

Krüger S, Goldapple K, Kennedy S, Houle S, Mayberg H. Regional cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder measured with PET: trait effects at rest and after mood induction. Bipolar Disord 2002: 4(Suppl. 1): 88. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002
Bewertungsmetrik für die Bildqualität bei automatisierten optischen Inspektionsanwendungen (2023)

Zusammenfassung Die Sicherstellung qualitativ hochwertiger Bilder in der automatisierten optischen Inspektion (AOI) auf der Basis von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung, um sinnvolle Entscheidungen zu treffen. Verschiedene Einflussfaktoren können sich jedoch negativ auf diese Aufgabe auswirken und zu ungeeigneten Bildern führen. Der Systemaufbau, die Charakteristika des zu untersuchenden Objekts, wie beispielsweise Unregelmäßigkeiten oder Muster, sowie die Durchführung der Untersuchung sind nur einige Beispiele von vielen. In Anwendungsfällen, in denen eine hohe Bildqualität aufgrund der genannten Einflussfaktoren nicht sichergestellt werden kann, ist es erforderlich, die erfassten Bilddaten automatisch hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für eine robuste automatisierte optische Inspektion zu bewerten. Zu diesem Zweck müssen geeignete Bewertungsmetriken verglichen und entsprechend den spezifischen Anforderungen des Anwendungsfalls ausgewählt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine in den laufenden Betrieb eines AOI-Systems integrierte Bildqualitätsbewertung vorgestellt. Zu diesem Zweck wird im Prozess zwischen der Bilderfassung und der Bildauswertung ein zusätzliches Modul integriert, das in der Lage ist, nicht verwertbare Bilder zu detektieren. Die Anwendung wird anhand eines Demonstrators gezeigt, der Erkenntnisse für die konkrete Umsetzung von AOI-Aufgaben liefern soll.
Identification of Intraplaque Hemorrhage on MR Angiography Images: A Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Mask and Time-of-Flight Techniques (2011)

CE-MRA mask images are highly accurate and reliable for identifying IPH, more so than the TOF sequence, and can potentially provide valuable information about risk for rupture.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol Kinase: Synthesis of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate, sn‐Glycerol‐3‐phosphate, and Chiral Analogues. (1986)

Abstract Glycerol kinase (E.C.
Intravenous immune globulin therapy of lupus nephritis: use of pathogenic anti-DNA-reactive IgG (1996)

The authors have recently shown that antibodies with anti-idiotype (Id) specificity to pathogenic Ids of lupus nephritis may occasionally occur in several intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) preparations because they are present in healthy donors and the healthy relatives of SLE patients. In the present study, the authors purified these anti-Ids and treated two SLE patients with nephritis in parallel with conventional high-dose IVIG management with a commercial preparation (IVIG 6) in three controls for two months. Because pathogenic Ids of anti-DNA molecules, such as both 8.12 and F4 Ids, show a cationic mobility in isoelectric focusing, a commercial preparation of IVIG (11) was absorbed on a Sepharose column coupled with DC-305-39 myeloma protein, namely an 8.12+ and F4+ cationic IgG. Infusion of the eluate (EL-11) induced a prompt resolution of proteinuria levels and an evident decrease of serum levels of anti-DNA antibodies in both patients, whereas in the three controls, proteinuria and anti-DNA antibodies were scarcely reduced. In addition, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were also significantly influenced by both treatments. The mean values of both cytokines increased significantly after 1 h and then progressively declined over the next 48 h. It was of interest, however, that the increased TNF-alpha in the two EL-11-treated patients was significantly lower than in the three controls. The data suggest that reduction of active lupus nephritis by enriched specific anti-Id molecules is the result of two (or perhaps more) mechanisms: suppression of pathogenic idiotypes at the cellular level and improvement in the mesangium of the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, whose defective function is related to the autoimmune disorder.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Oncogenic and Wild-type Ras Play Divergent Roles in the Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 206K, Wild-type Ras isoforms are required to mediate the suppression of MAPK signaling by ephrin-A1-Fc&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical applicability of functional MRI (2006)

Functional MRI (fMRI) has become the most widely used modality for examining human brain function in basic and clinical neuroscience. As compared to the application of fMRI in basic neuroscience research, clinical fMRI presents unique challenges. A growing body of literature supports the feasibility of clinical fMRI, with the best-studied applications being localization of motor cortex and lateralization of language. While it may be tempting to assume that fMRI will supercede prior approaches, it may turn out that fMRI will be used to complement more difficult or invasive methods rather than replace them entirely. This article focuses on fMRI studies in patients and patient populations. Specific considerations for such applications include pathophysiological effects on functional physiology, brain-behavior correlations in the presence of cognitive or sensorimotor deficits, and test-retest reliability for longitudinal studies.
Solar spectral irradiance - measurement and application in photovoltaics (2014)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Isolated word, speaker dependent recognition under the presence of noise, based on an audio retrieval algorithm (2005)

With rapidly increasing storage and computational capacity, a common PC can store and index hundreds of hours of speech. This suggests that new approaches based on database techniques might be useful in speech recognition and speech indexing. This paper presents a first step in such a direction. The algorithm developed relies on an indexed single-speaker database. The database consists of spoken utterances transcribed into text. The waveforms of these utterances are converted off-line to binary symbols called fingerprints through a nonlinear frequency-domain transform. The fingerprints are associated with the transcribed text. Given the fingerprint of a new waveform, the best word match from the database can be retrieved. A 3255 word database is used as a test bed. All the words from this database are mixed with white noise and time-scale modified to provide test data. The database is queried with the fingerprint of the test words and the best match is retrieved. The results of the experiments conducted are promising, showing a 99.5% recognition rate for a 20 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Hall effect devices : magnetic sensors and characterization of semiconductors (1991)

INTRODUCTION The Hall effect Hall devices Other Hall-effect devices Applications of Hall-effect devices SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS A summary: Metal, semiconductor, insulator Charge carriers in a solid Distribution and concentration of carriers Heavy doping effects Scattering of carriers Charge transport Miscellaneous THE HALL EFFECT The Hall effect: approximate analysis TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: KINETIC EQUATION APPROACH The Hall effect: an accurate analysis Galvanomagnetic transport coefficients Related effects HALL DEVICES General characteristics: geometry The Hall voltage mode of operation The Hall current mode of operation Incorporating a Hall device into a circuit Hall devices as magnetic sensors: material, structure, and technology Basic characteristics Applications HALL DEVICES AS MEANS FOR CHARACTERIZING SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS Extraction of material characteristics from the measurement results Measurement methods Magnetic-sensitive field-effect and bipolar devices: MOS Hall-effect devices Magnetodiodes Magnetotransistors Carrier-domain Hall-effect devices APPENDICES INDEX
[O5–01–02]: RATIONALE FOR SELECTION OF PRIMARY ENDPOINTS IN THE ALZHEIMER PREVENTION INITIATIVE GENERATION STUDY IN COGNITIVELY HEALTHY APOE4 HOMOZYGOTES (2017)

The Generation Study evaluates the effects of two therapies in cognitively normal APOE4 homozygotes aged 60–75 at risk of developing AD symptoms. The main trial design challenge was the choice of appropriate primary endpoints for a preclinical population. Cognitive composites such as APCC, RBANS, PACC were considered due to their potential to capture early cognitive decline continuously over the entire trial. Time to event (TTE), with event defined as diagnosis of MCI or dementia due to AD, was also evaluated. An event driven design with variable follow-up allows triggering analyses only after observing sufficient events. A potential downside is the relative insensitivity of a subjectively assessed dichotomous measure requiring an adjudication process for events. Exploratory analyses of longitudinal cohort data (ROS, MAP, MARS, NACC, ADNI) were conducted to investigate the time-course of the cognitive composites (or their proxies), as well as their relationship to diagnosis of MCI or dementia. Longitudinal statistical models were fitted to the data to understand the impact of prognostic factors on endpoints and used for clinical trial simulation to investigate design properties over 5–8 years observation. Cognitive decline in cognitively healthy participants at risk of symptomatic AD is non-linear over time. An initial long phase of slow decline with high variability is followed by steeper decline a few years before AD diagnosis. Similar decline patterns were observed for all composites, and APCC was the focus of subsequent evaluations. Genotype, age, educational level, and baseline cognitive status are the main prognostic factors for the rate of cognitive decline. Large treatment effects investigated via the hazard ratio for TTE in the simulations, resulted in small predicted effect sizes for APCC. The power to detect a clinically relevant effect on TTE was predicted to be acceptable for the current study design. Generation Study uses two complementary primary endpoints with appropriate multiplicity adjustment: the cognitive composite APCC is expected to capture the cognitive decline experienced from the earliest symptoms to conversion to dementia, and TTE is a measure with high face validity and clinical meaningfulness.
Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from Quantified Tumor T1 Is a Generic Early-Response Imaging Biomarker for Chemotherapy Reflecting Cell Viability (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from Quantified Tumor T1 Is a Generic Early-Response Imaging Biomarker for Chemotherapy Reflecting Cell Viability
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange on angiotensin II type‐1 receptor antibodies on two kidney transplant recipients (2018)

We reported 2 patients who received TPE treatments to decrease AT1RAbs. A course of TPE treatment successfully decreased AT1RAb. Histological improvement was observed quickly and Cr was also stabilized following the TPE treatment. Further study is necessary to determine the optimal use of TPE in renal transplant recipients with AT1RAbs.
Learning skeletons for shape and pose. (2010)

In this paper a method for estimating a rigid skeleton, including skinning weights, skeleton connectivity, and joint positions, given a sparse set of example poses is presented. In contrast to other methods, we are able to simultaneously take examples of different subjects into account, which improves the robustness of the estimation. It is additionally possible to generate a skeleton that primarily describes variations in body shape instead of pose. The shape skeleton can then be combined with a regular pose varying skeleton. That way pose and body shape can be controlled simultaneously but separately. As this skeleton is technically still just a skinned rigid skeleton, compatibility with major modelling packages and game engines is retained. We further present an approach for synthesizing a suitable bind shape that additionally improves the accuracy of the generated model.
Treatment with the vascular disruptive agent OXi4503 induces an immediate and widespread epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the surviving tumor (2013)

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered an important mechanism in tumor resistance to drug treatments; however, in vivo observation of this process has been limited. In this study we demonstrated an immediate and widespread EMT involving all surviving tumor cells following treatment of a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases with the vascular disruptive agent OXi4503. EMT was characterized by significant downregulation of E-cadherin, relocation and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin as well as significant upregulation of ZEB1 and vimentin. Concomitantly, significant temporal upregulation in hypoxia and the pro-angiogenic growth factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta were seen within the surviving tumor. The process of EMT was transient and by 5 days after treatment tumor cell reversion to epithelial morphology was evident. This reversal, termed mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) is a process implicated in the development of new metastases but has not been observed in vivo histologically. Similar EMT changes were observed in response to other antitumor treatments including chemotherapy, thermal ablation, and antiangiogenic treatments in our mouse colorectal metastasis model and in a murine orthotopic breast cancer model after OXi4503 treatment. These results suggest that EMT may be an early mechanism adopted by tumors in response to injury and hypoxic stress, such that inhibition of EMT in combination with other therapies could play a significant role in future cancer therapy.
Supplementary Methods from VEGF Neutralization Plus CTLA-4 Blockade Alters Soluble and Cellular Factors Associated with Enhancing Lymphocyte Infiltration and Humoral Recognition in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Isolation and culture of tumor associated endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. T cell adhesion assay and transendothelial migration assay. Phenotyping and enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in whole blood sample.&lt;/p&gt;
Relation between Square and Centered Pentagonal Numbers (2012)

Let � ���� denote the number of representations of integer n as a sum of k squares and � ���� denote the number of representations of integer n as a sum of k centered pentagonal numbers. We derive the relation � � �
One Step Formation of Propene from Ethene or Ethanol through Metathesis on Nickel Ion-loaded Silica (2011)

Increased propene production is presently one of the most significant objectives in petroleum chemistry. Especially the one-step conversion of ethene to propene (ETP reaction, 3C₂H₄ →2C₃H₆) is the most desired process. In our efforts, nickel ion-loaded mesoporous silica could turn a new type of ETP reaction into reality. The one-step conversion of ethene was 68% and the propene selectivity was 48% in a continuous gas-flow system at 673 K and atmospheric pressure. The reactivity of lower olefins and the dependences of the ETP reaction on the contact time and the partial pressure of ethene were consistent with a reaction mechanism involving dimerization of ethene to 1-butene, isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene, and metathesis of 2-butene and ethene to yield propene. The reaction was then expanded to an ethanol-to-propene reaction on the same catalyst, in which two possible reaction routes are suggested to form ethene from ethanol. The catalysts were characterized mainly by EXAFS and TPR techniques. The local structures of the nickel species active for the ETP reaction were very similar to that of layered nickel silicate, while those on the inert catalysts were the same as that of NiO particles.
Efficient single-layer electroluminescent device based on a bipolar emitting boron-containing material (2005)

A novel multifunctional 1,6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine boron bis(4-n-butyl-phenyl)phenyleneamine compound in which the hole-transporting (HT), electron-transporting (ET), and emitting (EM) components are integrated into a single molecule was synthesized and used as an emitting material to fabricate an efficient single-layer electroluminescent device.
Presence and significance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins associated with the Andean weevil Premnotrypes vorax (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2008)

The Andean weevil Premnotrypes vorax represents an important cause of damage to Colombian potato crops. Due to the impact of this plague on the economy of the country, we searched for new alternatives for its biological control, based on the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. A total of 300 B. thuringiensis strains obtained from potato plantations infested with P. vorax were analyzed through crystal morphology, SDS-PAGE, PCR and bioassays. We used site-directed mutagenesis to modify the Cry3Aa protein. Most of the B. thuringiensis isolates had a bipyramidal crystal morphology. SDS-PAGE analyses had seven strains groups with delta-endotoxins from 35 to 135 kDa. The genes cry 2 and cry 1 were significantly more frequent in the P. vorax habitat (PCR analyses). Three mutant toxins, 1 (D354E), 2 (R345A, DeltaY350, DeltaY351), and 3 (Q482A, S484A, R485A), were analyzed to assess their activity against P. vorax larvae. Toxicity was low, or absent, against P. vorax for isolates, wild type cry 3Aa and cry 3Aa mutants. The genetic characterization of the collection provides opportunities for the selection of strains to be tested in bioassays against other insect pests of agricultural importance, and for designing Cry proteins with improved insecticidal toxicity.