gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips Accounting for Winter Maintenance Operational Levels on Wyoming Highways Using Before–After Empirical Bayes (2022)

Lane departure crashes account for more than 50% of traffic fatalities in the US. Among the different roadway treatments, rumble strips was found to be cost-effective. Centerline rumbles strips (CLRS), provided on the centerline for two-lane two-way highways, alert distracted and drowsy drivers from drifting into the opposite driving lane. It is used as a countermeasure for head-on or cross-over crashes. Despite public concerns of the generated noise and perceived decrease in visibility of pavement markings, there is no doubt about the safety benefits of CLRS. During severe snowstorms, compacted snow located on the roadway could negatively influence the performance of CLRS. Higher and more frequent winter maintenance level operation might accelerate the functional restoration of CLRS. The gap in literature was approached by quantifying the effect of CLRS in reducing crashes accounting for different levels of winter maintenance operations. Wyoming highways with distinct winter maintenance levels were assessed in this study, in which safety performance functions (SPFs) were developed. Unobserved heterogeneity in between-route variance was accounted for by utilizing random-intercept negative binomial (NB) model in a Bayesian framework. Crash modification factors (CMFs) were developed using the before–after empirical Bayes (EB) method. Generally, the safety benefits of installing CLRS on the selected routes was between 25% and 68% expected crash reductions at 95% significance level. Higher level of winter maintenance was also found to be associated with higher effectiveness of CLRS. Therefore, the agencies should re-evaluate their winter maintenance plans in order to account for locations with high-risk for head-on collisions.
Phase Modulation of (1T‐2H)‐MoSe2/TiC‐C Shell/Core Arrays via Nitrogen Doping for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2018)

Tailoring molybdenum selenide electrocatalysts with tunable phase and morphology is of great importance for advancement of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, phase- and morphology-modulated N-doped MoSe<sub>2</sub> /TiC-C shell/core arrays through a facile hydrothermal and postannealing treatment strategy are reported. Highly conductive TiC-C nanorod arrays serve as the backbone for MoSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets to form high-quality MoSe<sub>2</sub> /TiC-C shell/core arrays. Impressively, continuous phase modulation of MoSe<sub>2</sub> is realized on the MoSe<sub>2</sub> /TiC-C arrays. Except for the pure 1T-MoSe<sub>2</sub> and 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> , mixed (1T-2H)-MoSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets are achieved in the N-MoSe<sub>2</sub> by N doping and demonstrated by spherical aberration electron microscope. Plausible mechanism of phase transformation and different doping sites of N atom are proposed via theoretical calculation. The much smaller energy barrier, longer HSe bond length, and diminished bandgap endow N-MoSe<sub>2</sub> /TiC-C arrays with substantially superior HER performance compared to 1T and 2H phase counterparts. Impressively, the designed N-MoSe<sub>2</sub> /TiC-C arrays exhibit a low overpotential of 137 mV at a large current density of 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> , and a small Tafel slope of 32 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> . Our results pave the way to unravel the enhancement mechanism of HER on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by N doping.
A mixed-mode analog-digital simulation methodology for full custom designs (2003)

The authors present a solution to the problem of mixed-mode analog/digital simulation for full custom designs. By efficiently incorporating two specialized simulators-a circuit simulator and a switch-level simulator-in a single computing environment with a common user interface, they have succeeded in simulating full-custom circuits with tightly coupled feedback between the analog and digital portions. The proposed methodology can be applied to a mixed-mode simulation of a purely digital or purely analog circuit in which one portion requires a much higher order of accuracy than the other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Capturing the Quality and Business Value of IT Services Using a Business-Driven Model (2012)

In an IT Service Management setting, current approaches to support Continual Service Improvement (CSI) suffer from many deficiencies, including lack of or weak visibility of business impacts, no modeling of uncertainty, difficulty in combining heterogeneous metrics, among others. The result is that CSI activities typically rely on unstructured procedures based on weak data. We offer a model to capture service quality and the business value delivered by a service; the model aims to solve or diminish these deficiencies. A case study was performed in a large bank with very promising results: although model completeness and complexity need to improve, a face validity exercise was performed during the case study and found that the model is sufficiently useful, trustworthy, reliable and accurate.
Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in modulation of the expression of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (2009)

Tumour-associated expression of CA IX (carbonic anhydrase IX) is to a major extent regulated by HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) which is important for transcriptional activation and consists of the oxygen-regulated subunit HIF-1alpha and the partner factor ARNT [AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) nuclear translocator]. We have previously observed that HIF-1alpha competes with the AhR for interaction with ARNT under conditions when both conditionally regulated factors are activated. We have therefore investigated whether TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-induced activation of the AhR pathway might interfere with CA IX expression. The results from the present study suggest that TCDD treatment reduces hypoxic induction of both CA IX mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of the CA9 promoter was significantly reduced by expression of CAAhR (constitutively active AhR), which activates transcription in a ligand-independent manner. Finally, we found that ARNT is critical for both hypoxic induction and the TCDD-mediated inhibition of CA9 expression.
Estimation of the Distance Change between Cysteine-457 and the Nucleotide Binding Site When Sodium Pump Changes Conformation from E1 to E2 by Fluorescence Energy Transfer Measurements (1996)

The first indication of the size of a conformational change implicated in ion transport by sodium pump has been obtained by measuring the change in efficiency of fluorescence energy transfer between two specific locations on the alpha-subunit. The donor (5'-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein) attaches covalently to cysteine-457, and the acceptor (2'(or 3')-O-(trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate) binds reversibly to the active site. The acceptor binds nearly 2 orders of magnitude tighter to the Na+ than to the K+ conformation of the enzyme and quenches donor fluorescence more efficiently in the Na+ than in the K+ conformation. The estimated distance between donor and acceptor, assuming random orientation of their emission and absorption dipoles, increases 2.9 +/- 0.6 A when the enzyme changes from the Na+ to the K+ conformation. Stopped-flow measurements of the change in fluorescence energy transfer efficiency with time when the doubly-labeled pump is mixed with Na+ or K+ demonstrate that the donor/acceptor pair reports the change between the E1 and E2 conformations of unphosphorylated enzyme. The observed first-order rate constant for the change in energy transfer efficiency depends sigmoidally on [K+] and inversely on [Na+], and both rate and amplitude data for the change in energy transfer efficiency can be fit with the same values of the rate and ion-dissociation constants as published data for the conformational change between E1 and E2 obtained by singly labeling the enzyme with fluorophores that report changes in protein microenvironment. The prerequisite for successfully measuring the distance change and equating the protein rearrangement with a step in the catalysis-transport cycle is that the donor by itself does not report the conformational change.
Inorganic Carbon Diffusion between C4 Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells (1989)

Photosynthesis rates of detached Panicum miliaceum leaves were measured, by either CO(2) assimilation or oxygen evolution, over a wide range of CO(2) concentrations before and after supplying the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase inhibitor, 3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (DCDP). At a concentration of CO(2) near ambient, net photosynthesis was completely inhibited by DCDP, but could be largely restored by elevating the CO(2) concentration to about 0.8% (v/v) and above. Inhibition of isolated PEP carboxylase by DCDP was not competitive with respect to HCO(3) (-), indicating that the recovery was not due to reversal of enzyme inhibition. The kinetics of (14)C-incorporation from (14)CO(2) into early labeled products indicated that photosynthesis in DCDP-treated P. miliaceum leaves at 1% (v/v) CO(2) occurs predominantly by direct CO(2) fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. From the photosynthesis rates of DCDP-treated leaves at elevated CO(2) concentrations, permeability coefficients for CO(2) flux into bundle sheath cells were determined for a range of C(4) species. These values (6-21 micromoles per minute per milligram chlorophyll per millimolar, or 0.0016-0.0056 centimeter per second) were found to be about 100-fold lower than published values for mesophyll cells of C(3) plants. These results support the concept that a CO(2) permeability barrier exists to allow the development of high CO(2) concentrations in bundle sheath cells during C(4) photosynthesis.
Expressional potency of mRNAs encoding receptors and voltage-activated channels in the postmortem rat brain. (1991)

The stability and integrity of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels in the postmortem rat brain was investigated by isolating poly(A)+ mRNA, injecting it into Xenopus oocytes, and then examining the expression of functional neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels in the oocyte membrane by electrophysiological recording. This approach was also used to assess the stability of mRNAs in brains that were incubated in oxygenated mammalian Ringer's solution for various lengths of time and from brains that were freshly frozen and then thawed at room temperature. Oocytes injected with mRNA from up to 21-hr postmortem brains gave large agonist- and voltage-activated responses, indicating that mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels are relatively stable in postmortem brain tissue. In contrast, oocytes injected with mRNA from brains incubated in Ringer's solution exhibited smaller responses, and oocytes injected with mRNA from tissue that was frozen and then thawed displayed very small or undetectable responses. Northern blot analysis using a nucleic acid probe for rat brain Na(+)-channel mRNA indicated that the size of the Na+ currents in injected oocytes reflected the levels of mRNA for Na+ channels in the different mRNA preparations. Thus, the expressional potency of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels is quite stable in postmortem brains in situ, but it is reduced if the brains are kept in oxygenated saline, and freezing and thawing of tissue results in rapid degeneration of mRNA.
Characterization of <i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i> strains isolated from acute swine erysipelas outbreaks in Eastern China (2015)

Recently, a series of acute swine erysipelas outbreaks occurred in Eastern China. Eight strains isolated from cases of septicemia were determined as serotype 1a, and 4 of the isolates were resistant to acriflavine. One isolate strain named HX130709 was attenuated on agar media containing acriflavine dye. The 432-bp hypervariable region in spaA gene of the field and attenuated strains were amplified and sequenced. It was further compared with the vaccine strain G4T10, and thus, the eight field strains can be divided into four spaA-types. The partial spaA gene analysis also showed that no point mutations occurred among different archived passages of HX130709 during the attenuation. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that eight distinct patterns with 22 to 30 DNA fragment bands were produced from field strains, and twelve distinct patterns with 23 to 27 DNA fragment bands were produced from different passages of the attenuated strains. Mouse pathogenicity test showed that the mortality of the mice infected with 10(4) CFU field strains was 100% and the attenuation of strain HX130709 occurred between 46 and 50 passages. All the field and attenuated strains were highly sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines and macrolides. So, we can make conclusions that the acute swine erysipelas outbreaks in Eastern China were caused by serotype 1a E. rhusiopathiae strains with different biochemical characteristics, and the virulence of serotype 1a E. rhusiopathiae strains is unrelated with some point mutations in 432-bp hypervariable region of the spaA gene.
Propagation of Ilex vomitoria ‘Dare County’ by Stem Cuttings (2012)

Semi-hardwood or hardwood stem cuttings of Ilex vomitoria Sol. ex Ait. ‘Dare County’ [‘Dare County’ yaupon holly (syn. ‘Virginia Dare’ yaupon holly)] were treated with solutions of the potassium (K) salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) at 0 to 8000 mg liter −1 (ppm). Nontreated semi-hardwood cuttings rooted at 78% whereas, regardless of auxin treatment, hardwood cuttings taken on two dates rooted at 15%. Treatment of cuttings with K-IBA was generally ineffective and resulted in a linear decrease ( P ≤ 0.05) in percent rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings.
Continuity and Change in Chinese Freshwater Pearl Culture (2007)

As used by Chinese freshwater cultured pearl farmers, processors, and dealers, the term keshi does not fit the CIBJO definition, which refers to a similar product but restricts it to saltwater pearl culture.This article reflects Chinese usage, which defines keshi as a secondgeneration cultured pearl created in a pearl sac that formerly held a cultured pearl or shell bead of any shape.
Design and development of generic web based framework for log analysis (2016)

Large scale software systems keep on generating logs for the events carried out in the past. The information recorded in these log files is very useful in debugging operation as well as for regression testing. Now days, companies are required to review their log records on regular intervals to detect and analyze the anomalies, faults or any unwanted activity that is not normal. However, when the system is complex, these log files become huge and are almost impossible to read. Often, entries are irrelevant, so combining and correlating events in huge logs is difficult, time consuming process and requires enormous computational resources. Thus this paper aims at development of generic web based framework to analyze the log files provided by the user. The built tool will parse the log files based on user selected text phrases. The developed prototype based on the assumption that a log file generally records different events based on timestamps. And each event will have its corresponding entity and pattern pairs. An entity is the attribute name given to particular entity present in similar events. A pattern is basically a value for the attribute corresponding to each entity and it is the actual point of interest. In the proposed framework timestamp is considered as the metadata for the log file and the user is required to highlight the entity and any pattern corresponding to that entity. The entity and its corresponding value are searched in the entire log file by generating regular expression dynamically. Finally, the proposed log analysis tool in this paper visualizes the highlighted entity against time using Google charts. The proposed web enabled tool is light-weight framework supporting data streaming capabilities. It is different from the existing log analysis tools in three ways. Firstly, it supports the feature of highlighting the entity-pattern pair and provides the visualizations in terms of graphs, listings, etc for the highlighted entity-pattern pair. Secondly, the tool supports generation of Regular Expressions dynamically for the highlighted entity-pattern pair. Lastly, to print and save the visualization reports as JPeg images for latter reference.
Maximizing relevant retrieval keyword and natural language searching (1998)

Etude comparative de la recherche par mots-cles et de la recherche en langage naturel: analyse des resultats de 100 requetes, en utilisant une base de donnees en texte integral comme source d'information
Covalent Binding of Polypeptides to Sulfonium Resins (1971)

Basic dimethyl-arylmethylene-sulfonium resins (L. C. DORMAN and J. LOVE, J. org. Chemistry 34, 158 [1969] have been used as reactive supports for the covalent binding of N-protected as well as N-unprotected peptides through a benzyl ester linkage. Example are given of effective coupling of peptides of rather long sequence, the quantity of peptide linked being up to 0.5 μmole per mg of resin. The method could find practical use in the solid state degradation of polypeptides.
ISFETs in CMOS and Emergent Trends in Instrumentation: A Review (2016)

Over the past decade, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) have played a major role in enabling the fabrication of fully integrated CMOS-based chemical sensing systems. This has allowed several new application areas, with the most promising being the fields of ion imaging and full genome sequencing. This paper reviews the new trends in front-end topologies toward the design of ISFET sensing arrays in CMOS for these new applications. More than a decade after the review of the ISFET by Bergveld which summarized the state of the art in terms of device and early readout circuity, we describe the evolution in terms of device macromodel and identify the main sensor challenges for current designers. We analyze the techniques that have been reported for both ISFET instrumentation and compensation, and conclude that topologies are focusing on device adaptation for offset and drift cancellation, as opposed to system compensation which are often not as robust. Guidelines are provided to build a tailored CMOS ISFET array, emphasizing that the needs in terms of applications are the keys to selecting the right pixel architecture. Over the next few years, the race for the largest and densest array is likely to be put on hold to allow the research to focus on new pixel topologies, ultimately leading to the development of reliable and scalable arrays. A wide range of new applications are expected to motivate this paper for at least another decade.
Confinement-induced valence-band mixing in CdS quantum dots observed by two-photon spectroscopy (1992)

One- and two-photon absorption spectra of the quantum-confined transitions of CdS quantum dots are reported. The results show significant deviations from calculations based on the parabolic-valence-band approximation. The near-degenerate one- and two-photon transitions observed experimentally, and confirmed theoretically using Luttinger theory and numerical matrix diagonalization, clearly demonstrate the effects of valence-band mixing and Coulomb interaction.
Mott glass to superfluid transition for random bosons in two dimensions (2012)

We study the zero-temperature superfluid-insulator transition for a two-dimensional model of interacting, lattice bosons in the presence of quenched disorder and particle-hole symmetry. We follow the approach of a recent series of papers by Altman, Kafri, Polkovnikov, and Refael, in which the strong disorder renormalization group is used to study disordered bosons in one dimension. Adapting this method to two dimensions, we study several different species of disorder and uncover universal features of the superfluid-insulator transition. In particular, we locate an unstable finite disorder fixed point that governs the transition between the superfluid and a gapless, glassy insulator. We present numerical evidence that this glassy phase is the incompressible Mott glass and that the transition from this phase to the superfluid is driven by a percolation-type process. Finally, we provide estimates of the critical exponents governing this transition.
Heparin recovers AT1 receptor and its intracellular signal transduction in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (2004)

Although vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely used in cardiovascular research, their phenotypic change under various culture conditions is problematic to evaluate the experimental results obtained. The levels of angiotensin (Ang) type 1/2 (AT1/AT2) receptors as well as contractile and structural proteins are degraded through culture passages. The present study demonstrated that heparin recovered Ang receptors and differentiation markers, such as desmin, SM-22 and smooth muscle alpha-actin in VSMCs at the ninth passage. Heparin also potenciated Ang II-induced activation for ERK1/2 and p38. These results suggest a potential value of heparin-treated VSMCs as the model for analysis of Ang-mediated signal transduction under physiological condition.
Enhanced coherent thermal emission of coupled resonant cavities due to surface phonon-polariton excitation (2007)

We experimentally show a quasi-monochromatic and directional thermal source with a spatial coherence length in the far-field that is much larger than the predicted limit related to the surface phonon-polariton coherence of a flat surface.
<title>Laser tissue welding mediated with a protein solder</title> (1996)

A study of laser tissue welding mediated with an indocyanine green dye-enhanced protein solder was performed. Freshly obtained sections of porcine artery were used for the experiments. Sample arterial wall thickness ranged from two to three millimeters. Incisions approximately four millimeters in length were treated using an 805 nanometer continuous- wave diode laser coupled to a one millimeter diameter fiber. Controlled parameters included the power delivered by the laser, the duration of the welding process, and the concentration of dye in the solder. A two-color infrared detection system was constructed to monitor the surface temperatures achieved at the weld site. Burst pressure measurements were made to quantify the strengths of the welds immediately following completion of the welding procedure.
Investigation of permeation of acyclovir through skin using alaptide (2017)

The investigation deals with the affection of the permeation of acyclovir through full-thickness pig ear skin using a Franz diffusion cell from the donor vehicles of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and propylene glycol–water (1:1) using synthesised ( S )-8-methyl-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7,10-dione, alaptide as a transdermal permeation enhancer. Alaptide was applied in ratio 1:10 ( w / w ) relative to the amount of acyclovir. At the first hour after application, the permeated amount of acyclovir from propylene glycol–water system, simulating semisolid dosage forms, was ca. four-fold higher than from the formulation without alaptide. Despite that the enhancement ratio of alaptide in a steady state was 1.7, the pseudo-enhancement ratio of alaptide in the time range of first to third hour was 2.3. Both enhancement ratios indicate that alaptide modifies skin structure, while the short-term application of the alaptide formulation seems to be more advantageous.
Estimación del movimiento coherente: computación evolutiva como alternativa al annealing determinista (1997)

Comunicacion presentada en SCETA, Seminario Sobre Computacion Evolutiva, celebrado en la VII Conferencia de la Asociacion Espanola para la Inteligencia Artificial, CAEPIA, Malaga, 12-14 noviembre 1997.
Functional lung avoidance for individualized radiotherapy (FLAIR): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (2014)

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02002052.