gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Public Dataset for "Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behavior" (2020)

Dataset for the "Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behavior" paper, published in ICWSM 2018. The full text of the paper can be found here. The dataset provided here includes an updated version of the original dataset, with ~100k tweets annotated using the CrowdFlower platform: hatespeech_id_label_PUBLIC_100K.csv: contains ~100K rows, where every row consists of a unique Tweet ID. hatespeech_text_label_vote_RESTRICTED_100K.csv: contains ~100K rows, where every row consists of the tweet text, its label according to majority annotation and the number of majority annotators. Available only here. retweets.csv: contains ~2K rows, where every row consists of the row number in the hatespeech_text_label_vote_RESTRICTED_100K.csv file which is the first occurrence of a Tweet text followed by comma-separated row numbers of all other occurrences of the same Tweet text in the same file. There are ~8K other occurrences due to retweets. Available only here. UPDATE: It has come to our understanding that a number of the tweets are not available anymore for download on Twitter. Therefore, we provide here the hatespeech_text_label_vote_RESTRICTED_100K file with the full ~100K tweet texts, their associated majority label, and the number of votes for the majority label. The tweets are shuffled so that there is no connection between tweet IDs and texts (in order to be in line with the T&amp;C of Twitter). Please cite the paper in any published work that uses any of these resources. @inproceedings{founta2018large, <br> title={Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behavior}, <br> author={Founta, Antigoni-Maria and Djouvas, Constantinos and Chatzakou, Despoina and Leontiadis, Ilias and Blackburn, Jeremy and Stringhini, Gianluca and Vakali, Athena and Sirivianos, Michael and Kourtellis, Nicolas}, <br> booktitle={11th International Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM 2018}, <br> year={2018}, <br> organization={AAAI Press} <br> } For any further questions contact a.m.founta at gmail dot com AND markos.charalambous at eecei dot cut dot ac dot cy
Conservation action in a changing climate (2008)

Abstract Climate change will pose new challenges to conserving Earth's natural ecosystems, due to incremental changes in temperature and weather patterns, and to increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. Addressing these challenges will require pragmatic conservation actions informed by site‐specific understanding of susceptibility to climate change and capacity of societies to cope with and adapt to change. Depending on a location's environmental susceptibility and social adaptive capacity, appropriate conservation actions will require some combination of: (1) large‐scale protection of ecosystems; (2) actively transforming and adapting social‐ecological systems; (3) building the capacity of communities to cope with change; and (4) government assistance focused on de‐coupling communities from dependence on natural resources. We apply a novel analytical framework to examine conservation actions in five western Indian Ocean countries, where climate‐mediated disturbance has impacted coral reefs and where adaptive capacity differs markedly. We find that current conservation strategies do not reflect adaptive capacity and are, therefore, ill prepared for climate change. We provide a vision for conservation policies that considers social adaptive capacity that copes with complexities of climate change better than the singular emphasis on government control and the creation of no‐take areas.
Simulation im Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage (2015)

Die zunehmende Komplexität verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen stellt stetig neue Anforderungen an Design, Engineering und Betrieb dieser Anlagen. Der Einsatz von Simulationstechniken kann einen deutlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, dass sich Fragestellungen frühzeitiger, zuverlässiger und mit geringerem Risiko beantworten lassen. Dieser Beitrag baut auf den Ergebnissen einer globalen Umfrage zur Nutzung von Simulation im Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage auf, die in [1] vorgestellt wurden. In Zukunft soll der Einsatz von Simulation durchgängig über den Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage erfolgen. Die Realisierung dieser Vision wird anhand eines Prototyps intensiver betrachtet. Damit wird gezeigt, dass die Vision schon heute teilweise realisierbar ist.
Gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for WDM transmission (2002)

To flatten the gain in a wavelength range as wide as possible is, of course, the primary target, but it is also essential not to deteriorate the noise figure (NF) or the energy conversion efficiency. It is well known that doping Al in the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) broadens the gain bandwidth. It has been demonstrated that excellent gain flatness can be achieved in the wavelength range from 1544-1557 nm by careful optimization of the length of high-concentration Al doped EDF.
Multiway Processing of Data Generated with a Potentiometric Electronic Tongue in a SIA System (2011)

Abstract In this work a potentiometric electronic tongue based on an array of three Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs) as sensor elements and multiway partial least squares (N‐PLS 2 ) regression method as processing tool has been developed for simultaneous quantification of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ in aqueous solution mixtures. The sensor array was formed by two chalcogenide glass sensors selective to Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ plus one PVC membrane sensor selective to Pb 2+ . Preparation, measurement and injection of samples in a step profile were performed by an automated SIA system. Concentration range covered was 1.05 µM to 29.8 µM for Cd 2+ , 0.05 µM to 1.5 µM for Cu 2+ and 0.55 µM to 14.7 µM for Pb 2+ . Potentiometric recordings were arranged into a three‐way array and treated by N‐PLS 2 regression method to obtain the calibration model. Prediction ability yielded RMSE values as low as 4.20±0.37 µM, 0.094±0.007 µM and 0.915±0.006 µM, and correlation coefficients from linear regression analysis of 0.82±0.038, 0.97±0.005 and 0.97±0.004 for Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ , respectively.
A Robust Rail-to-Rail Input Stage with Constant-gm and Constant Slew Rate Using a Novel Level Shifter (2007)

A constant-g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> input stage, which features both constant small-signal and large-signal behavior over the entire input common-mode range, is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on a single differential pair, avoiding the issues associated with complimentary pair techniques, such as the degradation of common-mode rejection ratio and signal-dependent input referred offset. A novel capacitive level shifter keeps the effective input common-mode voltage constant, without attenuating the differential-mode voltage. The overall technique is independent on the operation regions of input transistors; it also does not rely on the quadratic characteristic of input MOS transistors. A prototype chip was designed for 0.35- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS technology of 3-V supply voltage. The simulation results showed constant-gm (±0.2% variations) and constant slew rate over the entire input common-mode range.
Supramolecular Velcro for Reversible Underwater Adhesion (2013)

Ein supramolekularer Klettverschluss mit bemerkenswerter mechanischer und chemischer Reversibilität und hervorragender Adhäsion wurde auf der Basis von multivalenten Wirt-Gast-Anordnungen erhalten (siehe Schema). Mit Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) als Wirtspezies und Aminomethylferrocenyl (Fc) als Gastspezies funktionalisierte Siliciumoberflächen (blau) halten wegen der außerordentlichen Affinität dieser Komponenten unter Wasser zusammen. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Improved detection of adverse cardiovascular trends with the use of a two-variable computer alarm (1980)

Assessment of preload and afterload of patients having undergone cardiac surgery is commonly done by the monitoring of mean arterial and left atrial pressures (MAP, LAP). In this ICU, a central computer has been in use to sample routinely the MAP and LAP every 10 min. This computer has been programmed to activate an alarm sequence if a routinely acquired value of MAP or LAP is found to be outside of preset ("trend") limits. The computer then initiates a repeat mode of sampling of MAP and LAP as 1 min intervals. If three consecutive repeated values of either variable remain outside of the preset limits, then the following occurs: 1) a plot of the trend of MAP and LAP over the preceding 3 h appears on the bedside video monitor, 2) a bedside light and audible chime are activated, and 3) the bedside keyboard is locked out to other functions until the alarm is reset. A study showed that this system can detect adverse trends appropriately, averaging only 1-2 false alarms/patient per 8-h shift.
The epidemic dynamics of hepatitis C virus subtypes 4a and 4d in Saudi Arabia (2017)

The relatedness between viral variants sampled at different locations through time can provide information pertinent to public health that cannot readily be obtained through standard surveillance methods. Here, we use virus genetic data to identify the transmission dynamics that drive the hepatitis C virus subtypes 4a (HCV4a) and 4d (HCV4d) epidemics in Saudi Arabia. We use a comprehensive dataset of newly generated and publicly available sequence data to infer the HCV4a and HCV4d evolutionary histories in a Bayesian statistical framework. We also introduce a novel analytical method for an objective assessment of the migration intensity between locations. We find that international host mobility patterns dominate over within country spread in shaping the Saudi Arabia HCV4a epidemic, while this may be different for the HCV4d epidemic. This indicates that the subtypes 4a and 4d burden can be most effectively reduced by combining the prioritized screening and treatment of Egyptian immigrants with domestic prevention campaigns. Our results highlight that the joint investigation of evolutionary and epidemiological processes can provide valuable public health information, even in the absence of extensive metadata information.
Use of a [13C]urea breath test for detection of gastric infection with Helicobacter spp in dogs (1998)

Results of this study indicate that UBBT may provide a noninvasive procedure for detection of gastric infections with Helicobacter spp in dogs. Treatment with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine may not be effective in eradicating gastric infections with Helicobacter spp in dogs.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Multi-User Mobile Edge Computing (2017)

Designing mobile edge computing (MEC) systems by jointly optimizing communication and computation resources, which can help increase mobile batteries' lifetime and improve quality of experience for computation-intensive and latency-sensitive applications, has received significant interest. In this paper, we consider energy-efficient resource allocation schemes for a multi-user mobile edge computing system with inelastic computation tasks and non-negligible task execution durations. First, we establish a mathematical model to characterize the offloading of a computation task from a mobile to the base station (BS) equipped with MEC servers. This computation-offloading model consists of three stages, i.e., task uploading, task executing, and computation result downloading, and allows parallel transmissions and executions for different tasks. Then, we formulate the weighted sum energy consumption minimization problem to optimally allocate the task operation sequence, the uploading and downloading time durations as well as the starting times for uploading, executing and downloading, which is a challenging mixed discrete- continuous optimization problem and is NP-hard in general. We propose a method to obtain an optimal solution and develop a low-complexity algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution, by connecting the optimization problem to a three-stage flow-shop scheduling problem and utilizing Johnson's algorithm as well as convex optimization techniques. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed sub-optimal solution outperforms existing comparison schemes.
O26 Obeticholic acid improves experimental noninvasive markers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis: results from regenerate (2021)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the REGENERATE Month 18 interim analysis, obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment improved liver fibrosis in patients (pts) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Noninvasive tools (NITs) were established to assess fibrosis stage (F) and NASH. FibroMeter (FM) uses age, gender, alpha 2 macroglobulin, international normalized ratio, platelets, urea, and gamma-glutamyltransferase to predict significant fibrosis (≥F2). FM VCTE excludes urea and includes liver stiffness (LS) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). The FAST score, designed to identify NASH pts with NAFLD Activity Score ≥4 and fibrosis ≥F2, combines LS by VCTE with Controlled Attenuation Parameter score and aspartate aminotransferase. <h3>Methods</h3> F2/3 pts (N=931) with NASH were randomised 1:1:1 to daily placebo, OCA 10 mg, or OCA 25 mg. In a subset of pts, changes in FM (N=604), FM VCTE (N=604), and FAST (N=391) were analyzed using a mixed-effect repeated measures model with treatment, baseline, visit, visit by treatment interaction, and stratification factors included. Least square mean and p-values are based on mixed-effect repeated measure model. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, there was no significant difference in scores across treatment groups (figure 1). F3 pts had higher scores than F2 pts, consistent with prior publications (not shown). OCA-treated pts showed improvements in FM, FM VCTE, and FAST as early as Month 6, which were sustained through Month 18. No improvement was observed in placebo group (figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> OCA treatment yielded early, sustained improvements in experimental NIT measures of fibrosis in NASH. Improvements in FM and FM VCTE are consistent with previously reported antifibrotic effects of OCA, and FAST improvements are consistent with amelioration of inflammation and fibrosis, key histologic features of NASH. The REGENERATE study remains ongoing and will continue through clinical outcomes for verification and description of clinical benefit.
Etude de la reactivite de vinylidenes carbenoides de chrome(iii) et mise au point de nouveaux procedes de synthese (2000)

NOUS AVONS ETUDIE LA REACTIVITE DES TRICHLOROALCANES GEMINAUX PRIMAIRES, SECONDAIRES ET TERTIAIRES AVEC CRCL 2. NOUS AVONS MONTRE QUE CETTE REACTION PERMET DE GENERER DES VINYLIDENES CARBENOIDES DE CHROME(III) DE FACON HAUTEMENT STEREOSPECIFIQUE A TEMPERATURE AMBIANTE. UNE ETUDE MECANISTIQUE NOUS A PERMIS DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE LE MECANISME DE FORMATION DE CES NOUVEAUX ORGANOMETALLIQUES DE STEREOCHIMIE E OU Z. LA REMARQUABLE STABILITE DES VINYLIDENES CARBENOIDES DE CHROME(III) NOUS A PERMIS D'ETUDIER LEURS REACTIVITES. NOUS AVONS MONTRE QUE CES REACTIFS PRESENTENT UN CARACTERE NUCLEOPHILE, UN CARACTERE ELECTROPHILE ET DONNENT LIEU AU REARRANGEMENT DE FRITSCH-BUTTENBERG-WIECHEL AINSI QU'A LA REACTION DE CYCLOPROPANATION, TYPIQUE DES CARBENES. NOUS AVONS EGALEMENT OBSERVE LE PHENOMENE DE REPROTONATION INTERNE LORS DE REACTIONS DE DEUTERATION DES VINYLIDENES CARBENOIDES, ET LE PHENOMENE DE TRANSFERT D'HYDROGENE LORS DE L'ETUDE DE LEUR STABILITE THERMIQUE. LA REMARQUABLE CHIMIOSELECTIVITE DE SES ORGANOMETALLIQUES AVEC LES ALDEHYDES NOUS A A PERMIS DE METTRE AU POINT DE NOUVELLES METHODOLOGIES POUR LA SYNTHESE STEREOSELECTIVE D'ALCOOLS ALLYLIQUES CHLORES DE STEREOCHIMIE Z, D'ALDEHYDES ,-INSATURES -CHLORES Z, D'ETHERS D'ENOL CHLORES E, D'ESTERS D'ENOL E ET DE 1-CHLORO OLEFINES DE STEREOCHIMIE Z. NOUS AVONS EGALEMENT ETENDU LE CHAMPS D'APPLICATION DE LA REACTION DE NOZAKI-HIYAMA A DES SUBSTRATS POLYHALOGENES, POUR LA SYNTHESE TOTALE DE L'HALOMON. DANS LA SECONDE PARTIE, REALISEE EN COLLABORATION AVEC LES LABORATOIRES PIERRE FABRE NOUS AVONS ETUDIE LA MISE AU POINT DE NOUVEAUX PROCEDES DE SYNTHESE. L'ETUDE PORTANT SUR LA MEQUITAZINE, NOUS A PERMIS DE METTRE AU POINT UNE NOUVELLE VOIE D'ACCES A LA 3-CARBOXYMETHYL QUINUCLIDINE OPTIQUEMENT PURE. CE COMPOSE PEUT ETRE DERACEMISE AVEC UN EXCES ENANTIOMERIQUE DE 100% EN UTILISANT UNE 1,2-DISULFONAMIDE CHIRALE DITRIFLEE. CETTE STRATEGIE APPLIQUEE AU 2,3,5,-TRIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-DODECYLTHIOPHENYLACETANILIDE PERMET D'OBTENIR UN EE DE 60% DE L'ENANTIOMERE (S). NOUS AVONS MIS AU POINT DE NOUVELLES CONDITIONS POUR REALISER LE REARRANGEMENT DE FRIES PERMETTANT DE PREPARER DES INTERMEDIAIRES AVANCES DE LA SYNTHESE TOTALE DE LA RHEIN. NOUS AVONS EGALEMENT MIS AU POINT UNE METHODE GENERALE POUR LA PREPARATION DE SELS D'AMIDINIUM, BASEE SUR LA REACTION DE PINNER.
When Slower is Faster: Time Spent Decoding Novel Words Predicts Better Decoding and Faster Growth (2019)

We compare poor-performing and normal-performing decoders’ processing times on real words, pseudo-homophones, and nonwords (Study 1), and evaluate how a processing time difference is associated with rates of decoding development (Study 2). Over 800 sixth and seventh graders took an online reading component battery, which included a decoding test, four times in three consecutive years. Study 1 indicates that poor decoders were generally slower than their peers in processing real words and pseudo-homophones, but they spent shorter time than their peers when decoding nonwords that were novel to them, resulting in a significant interaction. In Study 2, longitudinal modeling reveals that the time students spent decoding novel words positively predicted decoding development. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that poor decoders may be trapped in a vicious cycle: poor decoding skill combined with less time spent attempting to decode novel words interferes with decoding development.
X-RAY LITHOGRAPHY USING WIGGLER AND UNDULATOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCES (1983)

A systems design approach is used to identify feasible options for wiggler and undulator beam lines for x-ray lithography in the 0.5 to 0.2 ..mu..m linewidth region over 5 cm by 5 cm fields. Typical parameters from the Wiggler and Undulator in the Advanced Light Source designed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are used as examples. Moving from the conventional wavelengths of 4 to 9 A to very soft wavelengths around 15 A is shown to be very promising. The mask absorber thickness can be reduced a factor of three so that 0.2 ..mu..m features can be made with a 1:1 mask aspect ratio. The mask heating limited exposure time is also reduced a factor of three to 3 sec/cm/sup 2/. However, extremely thin beam line windows (1/4 mil Be) and mask supports (1 ..mu..m Si) must be used. A wiggler beam line design using a small slit window at a scanning mirror appears feasible. A unconventional, windowless differentially pumped beam line with dual deflecting mirrors could be used with an undulator source.
Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Gene Delivery (2011)

Nanoparticle technology is being incorporated into many areas of molecular science and biomedicine. Because nanoparticles are small enough to enter almost all areas of the body, including the circulatory system and cells, they have been and continue to be exploited for basic biomedical research as well as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. For example, nanoparticles hold great promise for enabling gene therapy to reach its full potential by facilitating targeted delivery of DNA into tissues and cells. Substantial progress has been made in binding DNA to nanoparticles and controlling the behavior of these complexes. In this article, we review research on binding DNAs to nanoparticles as well as our latest study on non-viral gene delivery using polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanoparticles.
Rotating-frame transformations: A new approximation for multiphoton absorption and dissociation in laser fields (1984)

The time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for the coherent interaction of a multilevel molecular system with an intense electromagnetic field is transformed with a new rotating-frame transformation into a frequency-dependent representation in which much of the information relevant to multiphoton excitation is contained in a time-independent interaction matrix, the solution of which follows by standard eigenvalue techniques. The flexibility of this transformation and simplicity of the resulting approximation (the general rotating-frame approximation) make it a powerful tool for solving the multiphoton dynamics of many-level systems. Extension to interactions with several laser fields is straightforward. The theory is illustrated by application to the model of Schek, Jortner, and Sage [Chem. Phys. 59, 11 (1981)] for the multiphoton dissociation of a diatomic molecule. The results from the general rotating-frame approximation are in good agreement with the exact results obtained by numerical integration of the full time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The implications for treatment of multiphoton absorption and dissociation of polyatomic molecules are discussed.
Countering pest resistance with genetically modified Bt toxins. (2015)

<title>Abstract</title> Insecticidal crystalline (Cry) toxins from the bacterium <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic> (Bt) used in sprays and transgenic crop plants have provided major benefits for pest control, including decreased reliance on broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. However, extensive use of Bt toxins has selected for resistance, thus reducing or eliminating these benefits against some populations of at least seven species of major crop pests. This chapter reviews efforts to counter pest resistance to native Bt toxins with genetically engineered toxins called Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod. We generated these modified toxins by trimming the genes encoding the native toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac so they lack the nucleotides that code for a portion of the amino-terminal end of the protein, including helix α-1 and part of helix α-2. Consistent with the sequential binding model for the mode of action of the toxins, the Cry1AMod toxins formed oligomers without binding to cadherin, but the native toxins required cadherin for oligomer formation. The modified toxins were more potent than the corresponding native toxins in 13 of 19 pairwise comparisons with 12 resistant strains of nine species of Lepidoptera, including field-selected strains of <italic>Plutella xylostella</italic>, <italic>Trichoplusia ni</italic> and <italic>Spodoptera frugiperda</italic>. The potency of modified toxins relative to native toxins in these resistant strains did not depend on the resistance mechanism. Against susceptible strains, the modified toxins were less effective than their native counterparts in nearly all cases. Transgenic tobacco plants producing Cry1AbMod killed larvae of <italic>Manduca sexta</italic>, which represents progress towards commercial use of the modified toxins for pest management.