gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage of Human Red Blood Cells and Platelets (1988)

1. Storage renders erythrocytes more responsive to thermally induced morphological changes, especially the shedding of microvesicles. 4-8 week old cells can be morphologically "rejuvenated" by heating. 2. If pH increases during storage of platelets an extensive loss of small particles occurs. The platelet disintegration is associated with a loss in the metabolic activity, discharge of LDH, increased susceptibility to phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase C and is found to be initiated during the actual preparation of platelet concentrates. 3. Activation of platelets during preparation can be decreased by shortening the first centrifugation time or by using adenine in the anticoagulant. 4. A 4 hour prestorage of the whole blood unit prior to centrifugation strongly decreases the activation of platelets upon stimuli and results in platelet concentrates much more stable to storage.
Protein crystallography with a novel large-area pixel detector (2006)

The PILATUS 1M detector, developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut, is a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel detector designed for macromolecular crystallography. With more than 1 million pixels covering an area of 243 × 210 mm, it is the largest such device constructed to date. The detector features a narrow point spread function, very fast readout and a complete absence of electronic noise. Unfortunately, this prototype detector has numerous defective pixels and sporadic errors in counting that complicate its operation. With appropriate experimental design, it was largely possible to work around these problems and successfully demonstrate the application of this technology to structure determination. Conventional coarse ϕ-sliced data were collected on thaumatin and a refined electron density map was produced that showed the features expected of a map at 1.6 Å resolution. The results were compared with the performance of a reference charge-coupled device detector: the pixel detector is superior in speed, but showed higher R -factors because of the counting errors. Complete fine ϕ-sliced data sets recorded in the continuous-rotation mode showed the predicted advantages of this data collection strategy and demonstrated the expected reduction of R -factors at high resolution. A new readout chip has been tested and shown to be free from the defects of its predecessor; a PILATUS 6M detector incorporating this new technology is under construction.
Development of LD pumped 10 J×10 Hz Nd:glass slab laser (2003)

The concept of a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) driver for inertial fusion energy (IFE) has been introduced by Krupkel (1989), and Naito et al. (1992). Orth et al. (1996) has designed in detail a DPSSL driver using He gas cooling. In the study, we have developed a conceptual design of a 803-nm laser-diode (LD) pumped water-cooled Nd:glass slab laser driver for IFE. The IFE power plant KOYO has the basic design specifications of 4 MJ output at 351 nm and 12 Hz repetition rate. For the laser gain medium, we have adopted the glass host which can be produced in large sizes with good optical quality. The HAP-4 glass (HOYA) has the appropriate material parameters for designing a high power and repetitively operating laser system. The slab dimensions were determined under the several operational constraints. Zig-zag path slab has an advantage that the laser beam does not pass through the cooling medium as it propagates by means of total internal reflections. Using this advantage, the slab is cooled on both sides with flowing water having high cooling capability. As a first step of a driver module development for the IFE, we are developing a small scale DPSSL module which has 10 J x 10 Hz laser output at 1053 nm. The module is the smallest size to confirm the conceptual design of the driver module.
Comparative Study on Normalisation in Emotion Recognition from Speech (2017)

The recognition performance of a classifier is affected by various aspects. A huge influence is given by the input data pre-processing. In the current paper we analysed the relation between different normalisation methods for emotionally coloured speech samples deriving general trends to be considered during data pre-processing. From the best of our knowledge, various normalisation approaches are used in the spoken affect recognition community but so far no multi-corpus comparison was conducted. Therefore, well-known methods from literature were compared in a larger study based on nine benchmark corpora, where within each data set a leave-one-speaker-out validation strategy was applied. As normalisation approaches, we investigated standardisation, range normalisation, and centering. These were tested in two possible options: (1) The normalisation parameters were estimated on the whole data set and (2) we obtained the parameters by using emotionally neutral samples only. For classification Support Vector Machines with linear and polynomial kernels as well as Random Forest were used as representatives of classifiers handling input material in different ways. Besides further recommendations we showed that standardisation leads to a significant improvement of the recognition performance. It is also discussed when and how to apply normalisation methods.
Status and Outlook for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Relation to Educational needs in the BIPV Sector (2017)

This paper reviews the present status and outlook of the building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) market on a global and European scale. In particular, it provides a comprehensive review of the market situation and the future trends for Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands until the year 2020. In addition, as education is seen as one of the barriers for BIPV deployment, results of a survey are presented that was conducted among BIPV stakeholders with the aim to identify major knowledge gaps in education and target audiences as well as teaching goals. From that potential courses dedicated to the needs of each target audience related to BIPV can be developed.
Computational Studies on Reaction Mechanisms and Origin of Stereoselectivity in the [1,3]‐Rearrangement of Ene‐Aldimines (2021)

Abstract The mechanism of Brønsted acid‐initiated formal [1,3]‐rearrangement was rationalized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computed mechanism comprises I) fragmentation: (a) imino‐nitrogen protonation, (b) proton transfer to olefin, (c) 1,2‐shift, and (d) C−C bond cleavage, and II) product formation: (e) methylene addition, (f) azonia‐[3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement, and (g) methylene elimination. The ene‐aldimine fragmentation to the 2‐azaallenium cation was found to be a highly reactive intermediate and the real catalyst species. The stereoselectivity for asymmetric formal [1,3]‐rearrangement of optically pure ene‐aldimine is in good agreement with chair transition state of azonia‐[3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement step and is supported by DFT calculation. Our computational study provides important mechanistic insights for ene‐aldimine rearrangements and guides the design of chiral catalysts for rearrangement process.
Interference Cancellation in Coexisting Wireless Local Area Networks (2006)

The interference in coexisting wireless local area networks (WLANs), can be viewed as a layered space-time (LST) structure, in which the number of access points (APs) is equal to the number of transmit antennas. Thus, the interference that is caused by APs from different vendors is equivalent to the interference between transmit antennas in LST architecture. This analogy can be further extended to the WLANs receiver strategy, so that receiver structures derived for LST architectures can be directly applied to mitigate against the interference between vendors. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the LST architecture receivers in the physical layer (PHY) to mitigate against the interference in coexisting WLANs. To improve the bit error rate (BER) performance further, a cross-layer design in both the PHY and medium access control (MAC) layers is also proposed. It is shown that the proposed receivers demonstrate superior performance to the standard receiver for WLANs
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Vinylsilanes (2017)

Abstract We have screened a diverse array of iridium complexes derived from chiral N,P ligands as catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of vinylsilanes, a transformation for which generally applicable catalysts were lacking. Several catalysts emerged from this study that enabled the highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a wide range of vinylsilanes with trisubstituted or disubstituted terminal C=C bonds bearing aryl, alkyl, ethoxycarbonyl, or hydroxymethyl substituents. In addition to trimethylsilyl and dimethyl(phenyl)silyl derivatives, trialkoxysilyl‐ and silacyclobutyl‐substituted alkenes were used as substrates. magnified image
CCDC 620015: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2006)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene: Multi‐gram Synthesis of a Bidentate Ligand (2014)

Abstract 5,6.11,12‐Tetrahydodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene Tetrahydrofuran Lithium 5,6,11,12,17,18‐Hexahydro‐tribenzo[a,e,i] cyclododecene 5,11‐Dibromo‐5,6,11,12‐tetrahydrodobenzo[a,e]‐cyclooctene N ‐Bromosuccinimide Carbon tetrachloride Dibenz[A,e]cyclooctene Potassium tert ‐butoxide
Formation Mechanism of Dendritic and Spherical Alumina Formed When Iron is Deoxidized by Aluminum (1978)

This work was carried out to obtain the knowledge of the formation mechanisms of dendritic and spherical deoxidation-products. Aluminum was added as liquid state on the surface of the quiescent molten iron. After the specimen was quenched, its vertical section was analysed by XMA. The shapes of the deoxidation-products in the specimen were observed by SEM after deep etching.The results obtained are summarised as follows.(1) When the molten iron contains more surface active elements, the alumina/molten iron interfacial energy becomes lower. The lower this energy is, the smaller the critical super-saturation ratio for nucleation of alumina becomes. This critical super-saturation ratio is obtained as 5.55×108.(2) The dendritic deoxidation-products grown to aluminum-rich direction are α-alumina, and another grown to oxygen-rich is hercynite. These different shapes depend on the crystal structures. The smaller the super-saturation ratio is, the thinner the dendrites become along their principal axes, that is, they become acicular.(3) The spherical deoxidation-products are formed by remelting of α-alumina by increasing soluble aluminum, or from their liquid state as complex oxides with low melting points.(4) The clusters are grown by gathering of various deoxidation-products which have different floating velosities.
Managing product development complexities through restructuring information exchange and adopting configuration principle (2008)

Increased customer demands and stiffer competition forcing manufacturing firms to rapid develop and deliver their products to the markets. Modern products are also become increasingly complicated and incorporating many newer technologies. To comply with these complexities, firms need to harness better ways to tackle the product development (PD) processes. Steps towards faster information exchange and adopting configuration principle could triggers to reduce these complexities. In this paper, generalized concepts and applicability of matrix based tools such as; design structure matrix (DSM), domain mapping matrix (DMM), multi-domain matrix (MDM) are discussed along with the effectiveness of configuration principle. Two examples are presented in order to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of matrix based tools and configuration scenarios in PD processes.
Characteristics of the leucocyte-aggregation assay for cell-mediated immunity. (1975)

The leucocyte aggregation assay detects cell-mediated immunity by the specific adherence of sensitized lymphocytes onto target cell monolayers. Leucocyte aggregates appear to develop by instruction of non-immune cells by sensitized T lymphocytes. B cells may function in a secondary capacity to amplify aggregate formation. The reactions are sensitive to low temperatures and to metabolic inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis and function. Serum factors alternatively enhanced or blocked the phenomenon, depending upon the immune status of the patient. This assay may prove useful for the dissection of allograft rejection and tumor resistance due to its brevity, reflection of T-cell immunity, and sensitivity to host humoral factors.
Evaluation of efficiencies of radiolysis, photocatalysis and ozonolysis of modified simulated textile dye waste-water (2014)

The efficiencies of the several advanced oxidation processes were investigated for treatment of modified simulated textile dye waste water containing Reactive Red 120 in terms of the oxygen-equivalent chemical oxidation capacity and cost of inputs.
High-Speed Neutron Imaging Using a Current-Biased Delay-Line Detector of Kinetic Inductance (2018)

Recent progress in the development of intensive neutron sources and the required peripheral equipment has enabled high-spatial-resolution neutron imaging that is simultaneously energy-resolved. The authors demonstrate a high-speed neutron-imaging system with a cutting-edge superconducting detector. This detector has the potential not just for applications requiring high spatial resolution, but also for two-dimensional detectors for other kinds of beams, by adopting an adequate conversion layer.
Effects of Moisture Absorption and Thickness Swelling Behaviors on Mechanical Performances of Carica Papaya Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites (2022)

In this study, composite materials were made from Carica papaya fibers (CPFs), as a reinforcing element in polypropylene (PP), polyester (P) and epoxy (E) matrices, using compression molding technique. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the input parameters with their output responses, specifically density and thickness. Various CPF reinforced PP, P, and E composite specimens with varied fiber orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90° as well as percentages of fiber contents of 10, 20, and 30 wt.% were prepared, according to the ASTM D 570 standard. From the results obtained, it was observed that CPF/E composites with fewer fraction of CPF and orientation of 90° exhibited less water absorption throughout the whole duration of immersion. Water saturated CPF/E composite specimen, designated as E8, with orientation of 0° and fiber content of 20 wt.% showed the highest tensile, flexural strengths, and Shore D Hardness of 119, 115 MPa, and 85, respectively. Also, CPF/E composite specimen (E7) with 90° and 10 wt.% recorded the lowest tensile strength of 32 MPa, and CPF/E composite (E3) with 90° and 30 wt.% showed the lowest flexural strength of 41 MPa. Hence, it was evident that optimum CPF reinforced polymeric composite can be used for some outdoor engineering applications.
Analysis of via discontinuity (2003)

Abstract A method for full‐wave modeling of the exterior structure of vertical via, which considers the actual layout of an exterior structure with pad and vertical bent into the via, is presented. This method is more accurate than simple coaxial cable feed‐in and thin‐wire approximation because it takes into account the effect of pad and vertical bent. Good results are obtained for structures and frequencies where thin‐wire approximation no longer stands. Combined with interior formulation developed in a previous paper, we illustrate the propagation characteristics of multilayered vertical via and multivia geometry. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 290–295, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11194
Theogallin and L-theanine as active ingredients in decaffeinated green tea extract: I. electrophysiological characterization in the rat hippocampus in-vitro (2007)

The in-vitro hippocampus slice preparation was used to mimic a physiological situation where nervous tissue is exposed directly to the water soluble extract of green tea and some of its constituents. This investigation provides evidence that L-theanine- and theogallin-enriched decaffeinated green tea extract is able to change the physiological pattern of electrical hippocampus activity in a concentration dependent manner (EC50 3 mg L(-1)). Of the seven fractions or single components tested (fraction containing all amino acids without L-theanine, fractions containing all amino acids plus L-theanine, glutamic acid, theogallin, its metabolites quinic acid and gallic acid, and L-theanine alone), glutamic acid produced the strongest changes in terms of increased population spike amplitude after single stimuli and increased long-term potentiation, commonly taken as representative for enhancement of spatial and time dependent memory. The presence of theogallin alone shifted the activity in the same direction. Similar results as with theogallin were obtained in the presence of quinic acid. No effect was seen with gallic acid. Opposite changes (decrease of population spike amplitude and attenuated long-term potentiation) were observed in the presence of L-theanine alone. No effects were detected during the addition of the amino acid mixture unless L-theanine was added, leading to a decrease of the responses as observed for the action of L-theanine alone. The results provide evidence for the involvement of several active principles in the action of enriched green tea extract on electrical brain activity. The overall enhancement of hippocampal pyramidal cell responses as observed for the crude extract seems to be due to the combined action of glutamic acid and theogallin (or its presumable metabolite quinic acid), whereas L-theanine seems to have an opposite effect. However, this action was not strong enough to antagonize the effects of glutamic acid and theogallin. The results are in line with the observation that the tested green tea extract improves cognition at concomitant mental relaxation in man.
Study protocol for the international Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS): understanding lupus and the role of type I interferon gene signature (2020)

NCT03189875.
The effect of iodo substituents in bis(phenoxyimine) zirconium complexes on the catalytic performance of homogeneous ethylene polymerization reactions (2018)

Eight different zirconium phenoxyimine complexes were synthesized, characterized and tested as catalysts for ethylene polymerization. The phenoxyimine compounds were prepared by condensation of substituted salicylaldehydes with aliphatic and aromatic amines, the substituted salicylaldehydes from ortho substituted phenols and paraformaldehyde. The introduction of iodo substituents was achieved either by iodination of the aldehyde component followed by condensation with amines or the iodination of the aldehyde after the condensation with amines or the iodination via condensation with iodo substituted amines. Deprotonation of the hydroxy function of phenoxyimine compounds and reaction with zirconium tetrachloride gave mononuclear bis(phenoxyimine) zirconium complexes in good yields. These complexes were activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) and applied for ethylene polymerization. The performances of the various catalysts were compared and structure-property-relationships were discussed.
Developments in drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2008)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 600 million adults worldwide and accounts for 3 million deaths annually. Approximately 50% of the cases are directly attributable to cigarette smoking; the rest are accounted for by different risk factors, including childhood infections, genetic defects, environmental pollution and biomass exposure. The mainstay of current drug treatment is bronchodilation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are reserved for patients with moderate-to-severe disease. In this article, we will review the current paradigm of COPD pathogenesis and discuss some promising molecular targets that may be modified in the future to improve health outcomes of patients with COPD.
OTEC Advanced Composite Cold Water Pipe: Final Technical Report (2011)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion can exploit natural temperature gradients in the oceans to generate usable forms of energy (for example, cost-competitive baseload electricity in tropical regions such as Hawaii) free from fossil fuel consumption and global warming emissions.The No.1 acknowledged challenge of constructing an OTEC plant is the Cold Water Pipe (CWP), which draws cold water from 1000m depths up to the surface, to serve as the coolant for the OTEC Rankine cycle. For a commercial-scale plant, the CWP is on the order of 10m in diameter.This report describes work done by LMSSC developing the CWP for LM MS2 New Ventures emerging OTEC business. The work started in early 2008 deciding on the minimum-cost CWP architecture, materials, and fabrication process. In order to eliminate what in previous OTEC work had been a very large assembly/deployment risk, we took the innovative approach of building an integral CWP directly from theOTEC platform and down into the water. During the latter half of 2008, we proceeded to a successful small-scale Proof-of-Principles validation of the new fabrication process, at the Engineering Development Lab in Sunnyvale. During 2009-10, under the Cooperative Agreement with the US Dept. of Energy, we have now successfully validated key elements of the process and apparatus at a 4m diameter scale suitable for a future OTEC Pilot Plant. The validations include: (1) Assembly of sandwich core rings from pre-pultruded hollow 'planks,' holding final dimensions accurately; (2) Machine-based dispensing of overlapping strips of thick fiberglass fabric to form the lengthwise-continuous face sheets, holding accurate overlap dimensions; (3) Initial testing of the fabric architecture, showing that the overlap splices develop adequate mechanical strength (work done under a parallel US Naval Facilities Command program); and (4) Successful resin infusion/cure of 4m diameter workpieces, obtaining full wet-out and a non-discernable knitline between successive stepwise infusions.
Online Identity Theft: Phishing Technology, Chokepoints and Countermeasures (2005)

Acknowledgments The author acknowledges sponsorship from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T). Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security or the Science and Technology Directorate. The content of this report was shaped by the members of the Identity Theft Technology Council, a public-private partnership between DHS S&T, SRI International, the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG), and private industry. Particular thanks are due to Dan Boneh, Drew Dean, Louie Gasparini, Ulf Lindqvist, John Mitchell, Peter Neumann, Robert Rodriguez, Jim Roskind and Don Wilborn for their contributions.
Selective, Laser-Induced Etching of Fused Silica at High Scan-Speeds Using KOH (2014)

Selective, laser-induced etching (SLE) is a process which offers the possibility of machining hollow volumes into transparent materials with a huge freedom of geometry in 3D. Every 3D structure consists of single lines of laser-induced modifications. The knowledge of selectivity for etching of these single lines of modification is crucial to identify stable process windows for the machining of completely integrated, complex 3D structures. The selectivity of laser-induced etching of single line modifications is investigated in this study for a variation of repetition rate, pulse duration, pulse energy and feed rate for etching with KOH.