gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trivalent Chrome Plating for ITER Strands (2011)

ITER conductors for Toroidal Field (TF) and Central Solenoid (CS) coils require many strands of and copper with a 1 to 2 micron thin coating of chromium. The purpose of the Cr is two-fold: to keep the strands from sintering during a prolonged high temperature reaction treatment and to offer inter-strand resistance. Up until recently Cr plating is applied using a hexavalent chrome (Cr-VI) electrolytic process. This process is highly toxic and requires expensive and strict environmental and safety controls. No reel-to-reel plating lines are available in the US suitable for plating wire since there has been no need for such plating of commercial wires. Therefore Summit Corp. of America and Luvata Waterbury, Inc. have developed an efficient and economical plating process based on environmentally friendly and less toxic trivalent chrome (Cr-III). We have studied adhesion of Cr to the base copper, its ductility, texture, thermal stability and residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of base copper following the high temperature heat treatment. After detailed evaluation and side-by-side comparison of Cr-III and Cr-VI plating we have successfully qualified the later for the ITER TF strands. The new process has coated over 15 tons of superconductor and Cu strand with stable and predictable performance. Process and performance details will be presented in this paper.
Vertical Resonant Comb Actuators for Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (2006)

A Fourier transform spectrometer is implemented with resonant mode out-of-plane comb actuators which are used as movable diffraction gratings. 106 mum deflection is obtained at 28 V in ambient pressure at 1.2 KHz for a 3 mm clear aperture device
Agriculture, water, and ecosystems: avoiding the costs of going too far (2007)

In Molden, David (Ed.). Water for food, water for life: a Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London, UK: Earthscan; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Sensitivity of the ballast resistance and track irregularity on the track stability (2005)

During summer, very high compressive force occurs on the continuous welded rail (CWR) track because of the increase of rail temperature (max. ). This extreme temperature stress can cause the CWR track to buckle. Among many CWR parameters affecting the track buckling, the influence of the lateral and longitudinal ballast resistance was investigated on the stability of the CWR track in this study. Also, the sensitivity of the track irregularity such as the alignment defect and the gauge irregularity was investigated.
Optogenetic control of nuclear protein export (2016)

Active nucleocytoplasmic transport is a key mechanism underlying protein regulation in eukaryotes. While nuclear protein import can be controlled in space and time with a portfolio of optogenetic tools, protein export has not been tackled so far. Here we present a light-inducible nuclear export system (LEXY) based on a single, genetically encoded tag, which enables precise spatiotemporal control over the export of tagged proteins. A constitutively nuclear, chromatin-anchored LEXY variant expands the method towards light inhibition of endogenous protein export by sequestering cellular CRM1 receptors. We showcase the utility of LEXY for cell biology applications by regulating a synthetic repressor as well as human p53 transcriptional activity with light. LEXY is a powerful addition to the optogenetic toolbox, allowing various novel applications in synthetic and cell biology.
Remote Negative-Sequence Voltage Fair Compensation in Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Islanded AC Microgrids (2023)

The presence of unbalanced loads in power systems creates voltage imbalances that perturb the operation of sensitive equipment like induction motors, power electronics converters, and adjustable speed drives. To address this issue, this article presents a novel control scheme to perform remote negative-sequence voltage fair compensation at any node of a grid-forming inverter-based islanded ac microgrid. The fair compensation reduces the voltage imbalance of the remote node by adjusting the negative-sequence output voltage of the inverters according to a predefined objective. For example, the goal could be to equalize the inverters’ negative-sequence output voltage. Alternatively, the aim could be to reduce this voltage at some inverters to perturb less the local loads at the expense of increasing it in other inverters. Therefore, the proposed controller achieves two control objectives: negative-sequence voltage reduction at a remote node and fair compensation through the inverters running this service. The controller also features inherent plug-and-play and parallel operation. Unlike state-of-the-art controllers on negative-sequence voltage compensation, the control scheme operation is accomplished by only broadcasting the remote node voltage measurement, thus significantly reducing the communication control data. The article presents the large-signal control design and stability analysis, and the performance in a laboratory microgrid with selected experimental results.
Co‐localization of TFF3 peptide and oxytocin in the human hypothalamus (2000)

TFF-peptides (formerly P domain peptides, trefoil factors) are typical secretory products of many mucous epithelial cells. TFF3 is also synthesized in the hypothalamus and has anxiolytic or anxiogenic activities when injected into the rat amygdala. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that TFF3 is localized to a distinct population of neurons of the human hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Generally, TFF3-positive cells are co-localized in oxytocin-producing cells and not in vasopressin-producing cells. Relatively large amounts of TFF3-but not TFF1 and TFF2-are present in the posterior lobe of the human pituitary, where it is probably released into the bloodstream. Furthermore, TFF3 was also detectable in human postmortem cerebrospinal fluid.
Hemolytic Activity of Lipoprotein-Depleted Serum and the Effect of Certain Anions on Complement (1966)

Summary To study the role of serum lipoproteins in immune hemolysis, human serum was depleted of lipoproteins by centrifugation at a density of 1.21. The density was raised to this value by addition of NaBr. Treatment of serum with high concentrations of NaBr, KI or KSCN was found to inactivate C′3, C′4 and C′5. The same salts produced inactivation and changes in the physicochemical properties of purified C′3, C′4 and C′5. Lipoprotein-depleted serum was fully active in immune hemolysis after addition of purified C′3, C′4 and C′5. No lipid could be detected in the purified components. It is concluded that serum lipoproteins are not required for immune hemolysis by human complement.
Galvanic Isolation System with Wireless Power Transfer for Multiple Gate Driver Supplies of a Medium-voltage Inverter (2016)

In this paper, a gate driver supply, which supplies power to multiple gate drivers, is demonstrated. Robust isolation is required in the gate drive supplies of a medium-voltage inverter in order to drive high-voltage switching devices such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors. The proposed isolation system achieves isolation with transmission coils mounted on printed circuit boards. Furthermore, the isolation system transmits power from one transmitting board to six receiving boards. In the conventional system, the number of receivers is limited to one. In contrast, multiple receivers are acceptable in the proposed system. These characteristics help reduce the of the isolation system for the gate driver supplies. This paper presents the fundamental characteristics of the isolation system. The equivalent circuit of the proposed system can be derived by applying the equivalent circuit of a wireless power transfer system with a repeater coil. In addtion, a design method for the resonance capacitors is mathematically introduced using the equivalent circuit. It is verified that an isolation system with multiple receivers can be designed using the same resonance conditions as an isolation system with a single receiver. Moreover, the isolation system is experimentally demonstrated. It is confirmed that the isolation system transmits power with a maximum efficiency of 46.9% at an output power of 16.6W beyond an air gap of 50mm with only printed circuit boards.
From Digital Earth to Smart Earth (2010)

The state-of-the-art and achievements of digital Earth are analyzed.Smart sensor Web and ubiquitous sensor network(USN),a new infrastructure which appears with the development of IT,communication technology and network technology,is discussed.Platform framework and typical applications of USN based on all-IP technology are designed and prospect on the trend and beautiful future from digital Earth to smart Earth is given.
Wrapping web data into XML (2001)

The vast majority of online information is part of the World Wide Web. In order to use this information for more than human browsing, web pages in HTML must be converted into a format meaningful to software programs. Wrappers have been a useful technique to convert HTML documents into semantically meaningful XML files. However, developing wrappers is slow and labor-intensive. Further, frequent changes on the HTML documents typically require frequent changes in the wrappers. This paper describes XWRAP Elite, a tool to automatically generate robust wrappers. XWRAP breaks down the conversion process into three steps. First, discover where the data is located in an HTML page and separating the data into individual objects. Second, decompose objects into data elements. Third, mark objects and elements in an output format. XWRAP Elite automates the first two steps and minimizes human involvement in marking output data. Our experience shows that XWRAP is able to create useful wrapper software for a wide variety of real world HTML documents.
Highly selective and rapid enrichment of phosphorylated peptides using gallium oxide‐coated magnetic microspheres for MALDI‐TOF‐MS and nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS/MS analysis (2007)

In this work, we present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of the utility of iron oxide magnetic microspheres coated with gallium oxide for the highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptide prior to mass spectrometric analysis. These microspheres that we prepared not only have a shell of gallium oxide, giving them a high-trapping capacity for the phosphopeptides, but also their magnetic property enables easy isolation by positioning an external magnetic field. Tryptic digest products of phosphoproteins including beta-casein, ovalbumin, casein, as well as five protein mixtures were used as the samples to exemplify the feasibility of this approach. In very short time (only 0.5 min), phosphopeptides sufficient for characterization by MALDI-TOF-MS were selectively enriched by the Ga(2)O(3)-coated Fe(3)O(4) microspheres. The performance of the Ga(2)O(3)-coated Fe(3)O(4) microspheres were further compared with Fe(3+)-immobilized magnetic silica microspheres, commercial Fe(3+)-IMAC resin, and TiO2 beads for enrichment of peptides originating from tryptic digestion of beta-casein and BSA with a molar ratio of 1:50, and the results proved a stronger selective ability of Ga(2)O(3)-coated Fe(3)O(4) microspheres over the other materials. Finally, the Ga(2)O(3)-coated Fe(3)O(4) microspheres were successfully utilized for enrichment of phosphopeptides from digestion products of rat liver extract. All results show that Ga(2)O(3)-coated Fe(3)O(4) microsphere is an effective material for selective isolation and concentration of phosphopeptides.
Functional group directed C–H borylation (2014)

The direct borylation of hydrocarbons via C-H activation has reached an impressive level of sophistication and efficiency, emerging as a fundamental tool in synthesis because of the versatility offered by organoboron compounds. As a remarkable particularity, the catalytic systems originally developed for these reactions are relatively insensitive to directing effects, and the regioselectivity of the borylations is typically governed by steric factors. Likely stimulated by the great synthetic potential of the expected functionalised organoboranes, however, many groups have recently focused on the development of complementary strategies for directed, site-selective borylation reactions where a directing group controls the course of the reaction. In this tutorial review, the different strategies and findings related to the development of these directed borylation reactions via C(sp(2))-H or C(sp(3))-H activation will be summarized and discussed.
Endovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms by use of a combination of liquid embolic agents and protective devices. (2000)

Although complete occlusion of experimental aneurysms with Onyx is feasible using protective devices, migration of the liquid embolic agent into the parent artery or intracranially remains a difficult challenge. Further experimental studies need to be performed to master this technique and to select those aneurysms that can be safely treated in clinical practice.
Arabidopsis PIAL1 and 2 Promote SUMO Chain Formation as E4-Type SUMO Ligases and Are Involved in Stress Responses and Sulfur Metabolism (2014)

The Arabidopsis thaliana genes PROTEIN INHIBITOR OF ACTIVATED STAT LIKE1 (PIAL1) and PIAL2 encode proteins with SP-RING domains, which occur in many ligases of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation pathway. We show that PIAL1 and PIAL2 function as SUMO ligases capable of SUMO chain formation and require the SUMO-modified SUMO-conjugating enzyme SCE1 for optimal activity. Mutant analysis indicates a role for PIAL1 and 2 in salt stress and osmotic stress responses, whereas under standard conditions, the mutants show close to normal growth. Mutations in PIAL1 and 2 also lead to altered sulfur metabolism. We propose that, together with SUMO chain binding ubiquitin ligases, these enzymes establish a pathway for proteolytic removal of sumoylation substrates.
Preterm birth is associated with an intergenerational effect on cardio‐metabolic risk (2015)

AM - Accepted Manuscript
Real-Time Flavor Release from Foods during Eating (2000)

Measurement of flavor release from foods as they are eaten on a breath-by-breath basis (nosespace) has been made possible using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) Mass Spectrometry. An overview is given of some applications of the technique, which is rapid, sensitive and quantitative. In conjunction with simultaneous sensory evaluation it may be used to assist in the design of release profiles of flavors from foods with desired perceptual characteristics; encapsulation of flavors added to chewing gum is used as an example. Change in nosespace volatile concentrations following homogenization of components of a composite food is demonstrated. The effects on flavor release of food formulation variables can be rapidly determined, illustrated by differential intensities and release rates from yogurts of varying fat content. A further example is given showing the sequential release during eating of enzymatically generated volatiles from fruit such as tomatoes.
Selective thermal emitters with infrared plasmonic indium tin oxide working in the atmosphere (2019)

In this paper, we prove that indium tin oxide (ITO) can be a material of choice for wavelength-selective thermal emitters that enable operation in ambient air. The wavelength-selective thermal emission is achieved by plasmonic ITO perfect absorbers (IPAs) composed of ITO – Al2O3 – ITO tri-layers where the top ITO layer is a hexagonal array of ITO disks. Simulated optical spectra of the IPAs reveal nearly perfect absorptivities (i.e. 0.99) at obvious resonances, which can be easily tuned just by changing the size of the ITO disks. The fabricated IPAs that followed the pre-designed simulation also exhibit excellented resonant absorptivities (i.e. 0.92), as well as good resonance tunability, which indicate the appreciable performance of IPAs. Furthermore, we show that IPAs are also feasible to serve as highly-efficient thermal emitters that can operate in ambient air without the need for strict vacuum or inert gas conditions, providing another platform for IR plasmonic devices.
Folate and Unipolar Depression (2008)

Depressed patients with both low and normal folate levels may benefit from augmenting a primary antidepressant medication either initially, at the onset of treatment, or later after some degree of treatment resistance has been recognized.
Wheat, maize and sunflower cropping systems selectively influence bacteria community structure and diversity in their and succeeding crop's rhizosphere (2016)

Wheat and maize are increasingly used as alternative crops to sunflower monocultures that dominate the Hetao Irrigation District in China. Shifts from sunflower monocultures to alternate cropping systems may have significant effects on below-ground microbial communities which control nutrient cycling and influence plant productivity. In this research, rhizosphere bacterial communities were compared among sunflower, wheat and maize cropping systems by 454 pyrosequencing. These cropping systems included 2 years wheat (cultivar Yongliang 4) and maize (cultivar Sidan 19) monoculture, more than 20 years sunflower (cultivar 5009) monoculture, and wheat-sunflower and maize-sunflower rotation. In addition, we investigated rhizosphere bacterial communities of healthy and diseased plants at maturity to determine the relationship between plant health and rotation effect. The results revealed taxonomic information about the overall bacterial community. And significant differences in bacterial community structure were detected among these cropping systems. Eight of the most abundant groups including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in each treatment. The wheat-wheat rhizosphere had the highest proportion of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and the lowest proportion of unclassified bacteria. Wheat-sunflower cropping system showed more abundant Acidobacteria than maize-sunflower and sunflower monoculture, exhibiting some influences of wheat on the succeeding crop. Maize-maize rhizosphere had the highest proportion of γ-Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadales and the lowest proportion of Acidobacteria. Sunflower rotation with wheat and maize could increase the relative abundance of the Acidobacteria while decrease the relative abundance of the unclassified phyla, as was similar with the health plants. This suggests some positive impacts of rotation with wheat and maize on the bacterial communities within a single field. These results demonstrate that different crop rotation systems can have significant effects on rhizosphere microbiomes that potentially alter plant productivities in agricultural systems.
Experimental analysis of power optimized waveforms for enhancing wake-up radio sensitivity (2016)

To minimize energy consumption of state-of-the-art wireless sensor nodes, asynchronous communication transceivers are adopted, which make use of an ultra-low power wake-up radio (WUR) to minimize the active time of the energy-hungry main communication radio. This work contributes to the ambitious goal of pushing over the minimum average RF power needed to operate the WUR, thus enabling energy-efficient communication in larger areas. To reach this goal a dual-band rectifier, optimized to be loaded by an ultra-low power comparator, is used as WUR detector. Its behavior is experimentally tested under several power-optimized excitation formats. By selecting the proper excitation format the base-band comparator is enabled starting from average RF-power as low as -64.5 dBm.
Steady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density (2017)

We demonstrate a continuously loaded ^{88}Sr magneto-optical trap (MOT) with a steady-state phase-space density of 1.3(2)×10^{-3}. This is 2 orders of magnitude higher than reported in previous steady-state MOTs. Our approach is to flow atoms through a series of spatially separated laser cooling stages before capturing them in a MOT operated on the 7.4-kHz linewidth Sr intercombination line using a hybrid slower+MOT configuration. We also demonstrate producing a Bose-Einstein condensate at the MOT location, despite the presence of laser cooling light on resonance with the 30-MHz linewidth transition used to initially slow atoms in a separate chamber. Our steady-state high phase-space density MOT is an excellent starting point for a continuous atom laser and dead-time free atom interferometers or clocks.
Portable bioimpedance monitor evaluation for continuous impedance measurements. Towards wearable plethysmography applications (2013)

Personalised Health Systems (PHS) that could benefit the life quality of the patients as well as decreasing the health care costs for society among other factors are arisen. The purpose of this paper is to study the capabilities of the System-on-Chip Impedance Network Analyser AD5933 performing high speed single frequency continuous bioimpedance measurements. From a theoretical analysis, the minimum continuous impedance estimation time was determined, and the AD5933 with a custom 4-Electrode Analog Front-End (AFE) was used to experimentally determine the maximum continuous impedance estimation frequency as well as the system impedance estimation error when measuring a 2R1C electrical circuit model. Transthoracic Electrical Bioimpedance (TEB) measurements in a healthy subject were obtained using 3M gel electrodes in a tetrapolar lateral spot electrode configuration. The obtained TEB raw signal was filtered in MATLAB to obtain the respiration and cardiogenic signals, and from the cardiogenic signal the impedance derivative signal (dZ/dt) was also calculated. The results have shown that the maximum continuous impedance estimation rate was approximately 550 measurements per second with a magnitude estimation error below 1% on 2R1C-parallel bridge measurements. The displayed respiration and cardiac signals exhibited good performance, and they could be used to obtain valuable information in some plethysmography monitoring applications. The obtained results suggest that the AD5933-based monitor could be used for the implementation of a portable and wearable Bioimpedance plethysmograph that could be used in applications such as Impedance Cardiography. These results combined with the research done in functional garments and textile electrodes might enable the implementation of PHS applications in a relatively short time from now.
Real-time semi-global matching disparity estimation on the GPU (2011)

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of new parallelization schemes for performing dense disparity estimation based on non-parametric rank transform and semi-global matching on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). A detailed analysis of the performance limitating factors (memory throughput, instruction throughput, etc.) for each part of the parallel implementation is performed. Thus, a highly optimized mapping for each parallelization scheme onto the resources of the GPU is obtained. The resulting implementation performs disparity estimation at 27 frames per second for 1024×768 pixel images with 128 disparity levels on a Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPU.
Case 4-1976 (1976)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of lingular atelectasis and a persistent pulmonary infiltrate.He was well until seven months previously, when a nonproductive cough developed, without fever. An antihistarnine and a cough preparation were prescribed, with no improvement. Three months before entry an x-ray film of the chest showed an infiltrate in the left lower lobe and collapse of the lingula. Cultures of sputum yielded no growth of pathogenic bacteria or fungi; a test for cold agglutinins was positive. The administration of erythromycin was without benefit. Two and a half . . .