gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pipe‐Roof in Tunnel Exiting Portal by the Foundation Elastic Model (2017)

The Pasternak double‐parameter elastic foundation model of pipe‐roof during the construction of tunnel exits is first established. Based on the portal project of Hanjiashan highway tunnel, an inclinometer is adopted to measure the settlement deformation of a pipe‐roof and demonstrates the deformation law in tunnel exiting portals. The formulas for calculating the deflection and internal forces are derived to analyze the deformation of the pipe‐roof in each excavation stage, and the results are compared with field monitoring data. Finally, the influences of excavation height, excavation footage, and stiffness of the pipe‐roof on the support effect are investigated. Analysis indicates that the longitudinal settlement curve shows a groove distribution, which can be divided into five stages: micro, rapid, continuous, resilience, and stable deformation. Moreover, the subsidence rate reaches its maximum at the tunnel face. The influence of tunnel excavation on the deformation mainly has a range of 1.5 times the excavation height. To control the deflection of the pipe‐roof, excavation height should be controlled in the range of 3.5 m, excavation footage should be controlled in the range of 1–1.4 m, and the diameter and thickness of the selected pipe‐roof should be in the ranges of 89–159 mm and 5–8 mm, respectively.
Infrared transmitting fluoride glasses: fibers (1983)

Recently zirconium fluoride-based glasses have emerged as leading candidates for ultralow-loss fiber applications in the mid-IR region because of their superior glass-forming ability relative to many other halide glasses. However, compared with the silica-based glass systems, the fluorozirconate glasses generally exhibit an extremely narrow working range of only ~75°C and a much larger change in shear viscosity with respect to small temperature fluctuations in the fiber drawing regime.1 These departures from the oxide glass behavior can result in severe devitrification or frequent fiber rupture during the drawing process. To suppress the crystallization tendency and the high activation energy for viscous flow of the zirconium fluoride glasses, it is necessary to incorporate modifiers such as AIF3, LiF, NaF, PbF2, and SbF3. Multicomponent zirconium fluoride-based optical fiber glass systems currently under extensive investigation include ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AIF3-LiF-PbF2.1 ZrF4-BaF2-GdF3-AIF3- SbF3,2 ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AIF3-NaF,3 and ZrF4- HfF4-BaF2-ThF4-LaF3-AIF3-LiF-NaF.4
The fadL gene product of Escherichia coli is an outer membrane protein required for uptake of long-chain fatty acids and involved in sensitivity to bacteriophage T2 (1988)

The fadL+ gene of Escherichia coli encodes an outer membrane protein (FadL) essential for the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (C12 to C18). The present study shows that in addition to being required for uptake of and growth on the long-chain fatty acid oleate (C18:1), FadL acts as a receptor of bacteriophage T2. Bacteriophage T2-resistant (T2r) strains lacked FadL and were unable to take up and grow on long-chain fatty acids. Upon transformation with the fadL+ clone pN103, T2r strains became sensitive to bacteriophage T2 (T2s), became able to take up long-chain fatty acids at wild-type levels, and contained FadL in the outer membrane.
Event-Driven Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Control of Interconnected Systems (2020)

In this article, we introduce a novel approximate optimal decentralized control scheme for uncertain input-affine nonlinear-interconnected systems. In the proposed scheme, we design a controller and an event-triggering mechanism (ETM) at each subsystem to optimize a local performance index and reduce redundant control updates, respectively. To this end, we formulate a noncooperative dynamic game at every subsystem in which we collectively model the interconnection inputs and the event-triggering error as adversarial players that deteriorate the subsystem performance and model the control policy as the performance optimizer, competing against these adversarial players. To obtain a solution to this game, one has to solve the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaac (HJI) equation, which does not have a closed-form solution even when the subsystem dynamics are accurately known. In this context, we introduce an event-driven off-policy integral reinforcement learning (OIRL) approach to learn an approximate solution to this HJI equation using artificial neural networks (NNs). We then use this NN approximated solution to design the control policy and event-triggering threshold at each subsystem. In the learning framework, we guarantee the Zeno-free behavior of the ETMs at each subsystem using the exploration policies. Finally, we derive sufficient conditions to guarantee uniform ultimate bounded regulation of the controlled system states and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework with numerical examples.
A numerical study of the additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton method (ASPEN) as a nonlinear preconditioner for immiscible and compositional porous media flow (2021)

Abstract Domain decomposition methods are widely used as preconditioners for Krylov subspace linear solvers. In the simulation of porous media flow there has recently been a growing interest in nonlinear preconditioning methods for Newton’s method. In this work, we perform a numerical study of a spatial additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton (ASPEN) method as a nonlinear preconditioner for Newton’s method applied to both fully implicit or sequential implicit schemes for simulating immiscible and compositional multiphase flow. We first review the ASPEN method and discuss how the resulting linearized global equations can be recast so that one can use standard preconditioners developed for the underlying model equations. We observe that the local fully implicit or sequential implicit updates efficiently handle the local nonlinearities, whereas long-range interactions are resolved by the global ASPEN update. The combination of the two updates leads to a very competitive algorithm. We illustrate the behavior of the algorithm for conceptual one and two-dimensional cases, as well as realistic three dimensional models. A complexity analysis demonstrates that Newton’s method with a fully implicit scheme preconditioned by ASPEN is a very robust and scalable alternative to the well-established Newton’s method for fully implicit schemes.
Applying Quantitative Reasoning to Clarify Arc Measurements (2020)

The importance of reasoning quantitatively is reflected in both mathematics education research and mathematical standards for K-12 students. In this article, we detail how a quantitative reasoning framework can be used to help differentiate two quantities we have found students often struggle with: arc length and the measure of a central angle. We argue that taking the time to define all four components of a quantity can support students’ understanding of theorems involving these quantities.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER ADDITIONS. 2. PHOTOCHEMICAL AND WAGNER‐MEERWEIN REARRANGEMENTS OF 9,12‐BRIDGED ETHENOANTHRACENES (1980)

Abstract Die Diels‐Alder‐Addukte (I) lagern sich bei der Photolyse zu den kondensierten Dibenzo‐cyclooctatetraenen (II) um.
Hybrid thermal-field emission of ZnO nanowires (2011)

The electron emission properties of an array of ZnO nanowires were studied in the temperature range of 300-473 K. An almost doubling of the current density at 473 K under an electric field of 8 V/μm (j(T=473 K) = 190 μA/cm2, j(T=300 K) = 114 μA/cm2) was observed together with a reduction of the turn-on field from 552 V/μm to 482 V/μm. Theoretical model that combines the thermal-field emission for high electric field and the Schottky emission for the low field can satisfactorily account for temperature dependence of current at low as well as at high applied bias. The obtained effect is particularly appealing for the application in micro-gun for THz vacuum tubes.
The effect of increased microporosity on bone formation within silicate‐substituted scaffolds in an ovine posterolateral spinal fusion model (2016)

This study compared the bone forming capacity of the same formulation of silicate-substituted bone graft substitute materials with different microporosity in an instrumented posterolateral spinal fusion ovine model. Materials with a strut porosity of (i) 22.5% (SiCaP) or (ii) 36.0% (SiCaP(+)) were packed along either side of the spine. Bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, % bone-implant contact, and % graft resorption were quantified at 8, 12, and 24 weeks post surgery. Computed Tomography (CT) was used to grade the formation of fusion bridges between vertebrae. Results showed no significant difference in bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, and % bone-implant contact when the two materials were compared. However, at 8 weeks, a significantly higher CT score was obtained in the SiCaP(+) group (0.83 ± 0.17) when compared with the SiCaP group (0.17 ± 0.17; p = 0.027). Significantly less scaffold remained in the SiCaP(+) group at 12 weeks (p = 0.018). Both SiCaP and SiCaP(+) formulations augmented bone formation. Increasing the strut porosity did not significantly increase bone formation however, at 8 weeks it promoted the formation of more highly mineralized bone resulting in a significantly higher CT score, suggesting the bone tissue formed was more mature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 805-814, 2017.
Paradoxes of Self-Deception (1961)

Paradoxes of Self-Deception John Canfield, John Canfield Brown University; University of Göttingen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Patrick McNally Patrick McNally Brown University; University of Göttingen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 21, Issue 6, June 1961, Pages 140–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/21.6.140 Published: 01 June 1961
A Compact Dual-Port Diversity Antenna for Long-Term Evolution Handheld Devices (2009)

A compact integrated dual-port diversity antenna is presented, which is suitable for long-term evolution (LTE) and wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) applications in handheld devices. The antenna design merges two planar inverted F-shaped antennas (PIFAs) into a single-antenna structure that not only occupies less volume in a handheld device but also eliminates the need to separate two individual antenna elements, which provides further space-saving efficiency. This can be accomplished even while maintaining desirable isolation and diversity characteristics. The proposed design can thus be utilized in compact wireless handheld communication devices that require signal diversity. An example design is described for 2.6-GHz LTE/Wi-Fi bands (2.5-2.7 GHz), which has been implemented in real-world cellular phone environments and include interactions between the antenna, other components of the device, and a model of a human head (the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom). The simulated and experimental results, including S-parameters, radiation patterns, signal correlations, and mean effective gain values, have validated the proposed antenna design as useful for compact mobile devices.
The effects of preperitoneal carbon dioxide insufflation on cardiopulmonary function in pigs. (1999)

Insufflation of the preperitoneal space with CO2 gas does not cause significant alterations in hemodynamics and blood gas changes at a pressure of 10 mm Hg. However, when a pressure of 15 mm Hg is used to insufflate this space, there is evidence of decreased pH and cardiac output, with elevated CVP and CO2 retention. This correlates with greater pneumodissection of the gas within the layers of the abdominal wall when elevated pressures are used.
Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Folate Receptor-Targeted Liposomes for Docetaxel Delivery (2009)

A novel liposomal formulation of docetaxel targeting the folate receptor (FR) was synthesized and characterized. Liposomal formulations are less toxic and can provide longer systemic circulation time than the Tween 80 and ethanol based clinical formulation of docetaxel. Folate receptor-alpha (FR) is frequently over-expressed on epithelial cancer cells. Therefore, FR targeted liposomes can potentially enhance tumor cell uptake and antitumor efficacy of encapsulated drugs. The formulation studied had the compositions of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/methoxy-polyethylene glycol (PEG)2,000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine/folate-PEG3,350-cholesteryl hemisuccinate (ePC/Chol/mPEG-DSPE/folate-PEG-CHEMS) at ratios of (80:15:4.5:0.5, mol/mol) and a drug-to-lipid ratio of 1:20, wt/wt. Sucrose was used as a lyoprotectant. The liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration, polycarbonate membrane extrusion, followed by lyophilization. They remained stable for more than 5 months when stored as lyophilized powder and for 72 h at 4 degrees C following rehydration. The mean particle size of reconstituted liposomes ranged from 110 to 120 nm. FR-targeted liposomes of the same lipid composition entrapping calcein were shown to be efficiently taken up by FR + KB oral carcinoma cells. FR-targeted liposomes containing docetaxel showed 4.4-fold greater cytotoxicity compared to non-targeted liposomes in KB cells. Plasma clearance profiles of FR-targeted and non-targeted liposomeal docetaxel were evaluated and compared with that of docetaxel in Tween 80/ethanol formulation. The liposomal formulations showed much longer terminal half lives (4.92 h and 6.75 h for FR-targeted and non-targeted, respectively) than docetaxel in Tween 80/ethanol solution (1.09 h). FR-targeted liposomes are promising tumor cell-selective nanocarriers for docetaxel with potential for therapeutic applications.
Composable power management with energy and power budgets per application (2011)

Embedded Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) commonly run multiple applications at once. These applications may have different time criticalities, i.e. non real-time, soft real-time, and firm or hard real-time. Application-level composability is used to provide each application with its own virtual platform, such that each application may be developed, verified, and executed independently, given its virtual platform specification. Composability of functional and temporal properties has been demonstrated in previous work. In this paper, we extend composability to include power management, where each application can manage its energy usage independently. Each application receives an independent energy and/or power budget, which it can manage as it sees fit, with its own application-specific power-management policy. Time, energy, and power budgets allocated to each application ensure that its power-management policy cannot cause any interference to the functional, timing, and power behaviours of other applications. We implement our technique on an existing composable and predictable hardware platform (CompSoC), and extend its Real-Time Operating System (OS) with a power-management infrastructure. Applications use a power-management API to communicate with the OS that implements time, energy, and power budgets. We demonstrate the applicability of our techniques by running several concurrent applications with their own power managers on an FPGA prototype.
Erythema Ab Igne and Malignant Transformation to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2021)

Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a cutaneous reaction resulting from prolonged exposure to an infrared heat source at temperatures insufficient to cause a burn. It is most commonly reported on the lower extremities and back, and it presents with persistent areas of reticular erythema associated with hyperpigmentation, epidermal atrophy, and telangiectases. Erythema ab igne traditionally is associated with chronic exposure to open fires and coal stoves. More recently, other implicated causes include heating pads, laptop computers, heated furniture, and electric space heaters. Histologic features of squamous atypia with basal layer crowding and loss of maturation throughout the epidermis can be seen in later stages of EAI. Therefore, although EAI is predominantly a chronic pigmentary disorder, a percentage of patients might be at increased risk for cutaneous malignant transformation, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Influence of gender on coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarker profile: a CT angiographic study (2022)

Abstract Background and aims The burden of coronary atherosclerosis differs between men and women. Beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers can influence plaque formation and progression. We analyzed the influence of gender difference on coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokines. Methods Coronary CT-Angiography was performed in 301 patients and plaque morphology was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed using semi-automated software (Autoplaque version 2.5, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA). We analyzed total (TPV), non-calcified (NCPV), calcified (CPV) and low-density plaque volume in mm3 (LDPV, defined as plaque attenuation &amp;lt;30HU). Serum was analyzed for various cytokines including Interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, Il-15, IL-17, TNF-a, IFNg, CRP, MCP-1, MIP-1a, Eotaxin, G_CSF and GM-CSF using Luminex assay. Results Out of 301 patients, 94 (31%) were female and 207 (69%) were male. As compared to women, men were significantly younger (62 vs. 57 years, p&amp;lt;0.001) and showed a higher BMI (28 vs. 26 kg/m2, p=0.005). No differences were seen for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking habits and family history of CAD. All plaque characteristics showed significant higher values in men as compared to women (all p&amp;lt;0.05). In men, cytokine profile showed significantly lower serum levels for IL-2 (3.20 [3.20; 7.01] vs. 4.31 [3.20; 9.68]; p=0.01) and Interferon-gamma (3.20 [3.20; 14.72] vs. 8.76 [3.20; 26.26]; p&amp;lt;0.001) and significantly higher levels for MCP-1 (224 [117; 327] vs. 155 [49; 260]; p&amp;lt;0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, Interferon-gamma showed significant inverse association to male gender (OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.72; p=0.004), but IL-2 and MCP-1 did not. The association of Interferon-gamma to gender was independent of age (OR 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43–0.76; p&amp;lt;0.001) and BMI (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.25–3.62; p=0.006) Conclusion Coronary plaque volume and morphology significantly differs between men and women and so does the inflammatory cytokine profile. Albeit significantly lower coronary plaque burden in women, serum levels of interferon-gamma - a known pro-inflammatory cytokine - was significantly higher in women with independent association to gender. Whether interferon-gamma plays contradicting roles in the process of coronary atherosclerosis in men and women needs to be explored in future studies to identify potential gender-specific targets for therapeutic interventions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Time-lapse Full Waveform Inversion for Monitoring Near-surface Microbubble Injection (2017)

Summary Seismic monitoring provides valuable information regarding time-varying changes in subsurface physical properties during hydrocarbon production, CO2 geosequestration, groundwater injection/subtraction etc. However, the resulting changes in subsurface properties are often small both in terms of magnitude and spatial extent, and exploiting the full seismic waveform information can be critical, since detected amplitude or traveltime changes may be minimal. We apply time-lapse acoustic full waveform inversion (FWI) to repeating cross-well surveys, and monitor microbubble injection into shallow unconsolidated sediments. Repeated monitoring surveys provide exceptionally high data repeatability, and allow us to reveal transient behaviours in waveforms and then P-wave velocities during the injection. High-resolution time-lapse FWI detects changes in P-wave velocity of less than 1 percent, initially as velocity increases and subsequently as velocity decreases. The velocity changes are mainly imaged within a thin layer between the injection and receiver wells, inferring the fluid-flow influence of the fluvial sediment depositional environment. The resulting velocity models fit the observed waveforms very well, supporting the validity of the estimated velocity changes.
Ideal cardiovascular health duration and risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease (2021)

Our findings confer that maintaining favourable health behaviours and clinical risk factor levels in midlife will improve later-life cardiovascular outcomes.
NHERF1 Loss Upregulates Enzymes of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Kidney Cortex (2020)

(1) Background: We previously showed Na/H exchange regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) loss resulted in increased susceptibility to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. NHERF1-deficient cultured proximal tubule cells and proximal tubules from NHERF1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit altered mitochondrial protein expression and poor survival. We hypothesized that NHERF1 loss results in changes in metabolic pathways and/or mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to increased sensitivity to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. (2) Methods: Two to 4-month-old male wildtype (WT) and KO mice were treated with vehicle or cisplatin (20 mg/kg dose IP). After 72 h, kidney cortex homogenates were utilized for metabolic enzyme activities. Non-treated kidneys were used to isolate mitochondria for mitochondrial respiration via the Seahorse XF24 analyzer. Non-treated kidneys were also used for LC-MS analysis to evaluate kidney ATP abundance, and electron microscopy (EM) was utilized to evaluate mitochondrial morphology and number. (3) Results: KO mouse kidneys exhibit significant increases in malic enzyme and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity under baseline conditions but in no other gluconeogenic or glycolytic enzymes. NHERF1 loss does not decrease kidney ATP content. Mitochondrial morphology, number, and area appeared normal. Isolated mitochondria function was similar between WT and KO. Conclusions: KO kidneys experience a shift in metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway, which may sensitize them to the oxidative stress imposed by cisplatin.
An efficient cutter contact curve tool path regeneration algorithm for sculptured surface machining (2004)

Mould design modification is a common process in the mould manufacturing industry. When a mould design is changed, tool paths that cover the modified region must be regenerated. Traditionally, if a mould design is modified, all the generated tool paths must be recalculated, which is very time consuming and error prone. This paper presents a new tool path regeneration algorithm based on the CC (cutter contact) curve tool path generation topology, where a CC curve is the curve on the workpiece surface along which the cutter contacts the workpiece. With this algorithm, the affected cutter location (CL) points are identified efficiently from the tool paths that are generated from the original mould design. Gouge-free CL points are then calculated to replace the affected ones. When the new CL points are calculated, their scallop height values are checked. If they are greater than the given value, new tool path rows are added to maintain the required surface finish. The unaffected CL points will be reused to machine the modified mould directly, and this can reduce the tool path regeneration time and the occurrence of NC programming errors significantly, especially for machining complex sculptured surfaces. The algorithm has been tested on several industrial parts and it was found to be efficient and robust, and the regenerated tool paths are gouge-free and smooth.