gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leak detection in pipelines using cepstrum analysis (2006)

The detection and location of leaks in pipeline networks is a major problem and the reduction of these leaks has become a major priority for pipeline authorities around the world. Although the reasons for these leaks are well known, some of the current methods for locating and identifying them are either complicated or imprecise; most of them are time consuming. The work described here shows that cepstrum analysis is a viable approach to leak detection and location in pipeline networks. The method uses pressure waves caused by quickly opening and closing a solenoid valve. Due to their simplicity and robustness, transient analyses provide a plausible route towards leak detection. For this work, the time domain signals of these pressure transients were obtained using a single pressure transducer. These pressure signals were first filtered using discrete wavelets to remove the dc offset, and the low and high frequencies. They were then analysed using a cepstrum method which identified the time delay between the initial wave and its reflections. There were some features in the processed results which can be ascribed to features in the pipeline network such as junctions and pipe ends. When holes were drilled in the pipe, new peaks occurred which identified the presence of a leak in the pipeline network. When tested with holes of different sizes, the amplitude of the processed peak was seen to increase as the cube root of the leak diameter. Using this method, it is possible to identify leaks that are difficult to find by other methods as they are small in comparison with the flow through the pipe.
Reproducibility of food challenge to cow’s milk: Systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis (2022)

About 5% of CM-allergic individuals reacting to ED<sub>01</sub> or ED<sub>05</sub> exposure might have anaphylaxis to that dose. This equates to 5 and 24 anaphylaxis events per 10,000 patients exposed to an ED<sub>01</sub> or ED<sub>05</sub> dose, respectively, in the broader CM-allergic population. Most of these anaphylactic reactions would be mild and respond to a single dose of epinephrine.
S-band transmit/receive antenna with electronically switched beams for mobile satellite systems (2012)

This paper presents the design of an intermediate gain S-band antenna with electronic beam steering capabilities. The antenna allows simultaneous reception and transmission of S-band signals and can track the position of a geostationary satellite by electronically switching among a finite set of beams. The tracking system is based on combination of position and attitude sensors embedded in the antenna. The antenna has a low-profile design that allows an easy installation on vehicles without altering their aerodynamics. The main aspects of the antenna implementation are described together with the results obtained with the first prototypes of the antenna.
Electronically conducting cation-exchange polymer powders: Synthesis, characterization and applications in PEM fuel cells and supercapacitors (2000)

In view of these important applications, we have developed simple methods for producing bulk quantities of various (Table 1) conducting polymer/polyanion composites [7, 8]. These are reviewed and the characterization of the resulting materials is described. Applications as catalyst supports in PEM fuel cell electrodes, and electrode materials in supercapacitors are demonstrated. 2. EXPERIMENTAL Synthesis and Characterization of Composites. Details of the synthesis and characterization of PPY/PSS and PEDOT/PSS (PEDOT = poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) composites can be found elsewhere [7, 8]. Similar methods and conditions were used for the other composites (Table 2). Construction and testing of supercapacitors. Supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by spreading a slurry of the polymer composite with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aqueous 1.
USE OF THE BIRD‐LEIDER EQUATION IN FOOD RHEOLOGY (1982)

ABSTRACT Shear stress development at inception of a constant shear rate was studied for marshmallow cream, peanut butter, squeeze margarine, tub margarine, whipped butter, whipped cream cheese and whipped dessert topping using the cone and plate geometry of the Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer. For most foods studied transient shear stresses showed increasing shear stress oversoots with increasing shear rate. At the highest shear rate of 100 s −1 , transient stresses were as large as 425% of the steady state shear stresses, with the actual magnitude of overshoot depending on the particular food investigated. The Bird‐Leider equation was chosen to model this time dependent flow behavior by incorporating both steady viscous and elastic properties of the foods. By assuming that the viscosity function and primary normal stress coefficient followed power‐law behavior, and constructing a time constant from the calculated parameters, the Bird‐Leider model provided a good prediction of maximum and steady state stresses as well as the time at which they occur, but only a crude prediction of shear stress decay. The model supplied two more empirical constants “a” and “b” where “a” can be regarded as a pseudo‐elastic modulus. Variation in “a” with shear rate shows that all materials studied are nonlinear viscoelastic.
"The use of the OAM Acronym in MPLS-TP" (2011)

At first glance the acronym seems to be well known and well
understood. Looking at the acronym a bit more closely reveals a set of
recurring problems that are revisited time and again. The goal of this
document is to find an understanding of the OAM acronym that is useful
for the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) effort. This document is a
product of a joint Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) /
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) effort to include an MPLS Transport
Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3 architectures to support the
capabilities and functionalities of a packet transport network. This
Informational Internet-Draft is aimed at achieving IETF Consensus
before publication as an RFC and will be subject to an IETF Last Call.
[RFC Editor, please remove this note before publication as an RFC and
insert the correct Streams Boilerplate to indicate that the published
RFC has IETF Consensus.]
Sum-frequency generation in doubly resonant GaP photonic crystal nanocavities (2010)

We demonstrate and characterize continuous wave χ(2) sum-frequency generation in gallium phosphide photonic crystal nanocavities. We use two confined modes of the nanocavity in the wavelength range 1500–1600 nm to enhance conversion efficiency. Our results show that these nanocavities can serve as integrated light sources across a range of wavelengths, and are promising for on-chip upconversion of weak intensity telecommunication wavelengths signals to visible wavelengths.
The Small and Rural Academic Library: Leveraging Resources and Overcoming Limitations. Eds. Kaetrena Davis Kendrick and Deborah Tritt. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016. 2016. 264p. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN 978-083898900-5). (2017)

The Small and Rural Academic Library: Leveraging Resources and Overcoming Limitations , edited by Kaetrena Kendrick and Deborah Tritt, seeks to highlight a little-known gap in the literature. That gap is the role the small and rural academic library plays in delivering services to its patrons. As the editors write in their introduction, “Moreover while greater attention has been paid to small and rural public libraries, librarians at small and geographically isolated academic libraries are underrepresented in the literature” (XII). The authors further contend that, while many libraries feel the pressures of having to do more with less, it is in the small and rural academic libraries where these pressures are felt most acutely. The editors lay out the book in an easy-to-follow series of case studies written by a number of small and rural academic librarians.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RHODIUM(I) ANION CARBONYL(MALEONITRILEDITHIOLATO)(TRIETHYLPHOSPHINE)RHODATE(I) AND ACYL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM ITS REACTION WITH ALKYL HALIDES (1979)

Abstract Der in situ durch Addition von PEt3 von (IIa) in CH 2 Cl 2 dargestellte Komplex (IIb) reagiert mit Alkylhalogeniden in THF in Gegenwart des Phosphinliganden im Überschuß zu den stabilen neutralen Rh(III)‐Komplexen (III), die durch IR‐ und NMR‐Untersuchungen sowie Kristallstrukturbestimmung (Raumgruppe Däil‐Pbca, Z=8) von (IIIa) charakterisiert wurden.
Sufficient conditions for the existence of zeno behavior in a class of nonlinear hybrid systems via constant approximations (2007)

The existence of Zeno behavior in hybrid systems is related to a certain type of equilibria, termed Zeno equilibria, that are invariant under the discrete, but not the continuous, dynamics of a hybrid system. In analogy to the standard procedure of linearizing a vector field at an equilibrium point to determine its stability, in this paper we study the local behavior of a hybrid system near a Zeno equilibrium point by considering the value of the vector field on each domain at this point, i.e., we consider constant approximations of nonlinear hybrid systems. By means of these constant approximations, we are able to derive conditions that simultaneously imply both the existence of Zeno behavior and the local exponential stability of a Zeno equilibrium point. Moreover, since these conditions are in terms of the value of the vector field on each domain at a point, they are remarkably easy to verify.
ChemInform Abstract: Menthone and p‐Menthyl‐3‐carboxaldehyde as Chiral Auxiliaries (2011)

Abstract Review: 70 refs.
Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer (2017)

These results implicate sulfidogenic bacteria as a potential environmental risk factor contributing to CRC development in AAs.
Direct Immunologic activities of CpG DNA and implications for gene therapy (1999)

Vertebrate immune systems have evolved the ability to detect and be activated by most microbial and viral DNAs by virtue of their content of unmethylated 'CpG motifs', which are selectively suppressed in vertebrate DNA. Because their CpGs are also unmethylated, the DNA in gene therapy vectors routinely induces direct immune stimulation through activating this host defense mechanism. Administration of such 'CpG DNA' by injection or inhalation triggers rapid activation of B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, along with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These immune stimulatory effects can be prevented by chloroquine and other drugs that interfere with endosomal maturation or by the presence of certain neutralizing DNA sequences, which block the immune stimulatory CpG motifs. Aside from serving as the genetic code, DNA can have direct immune activities. Vertebrate immune systems have evolved a defense mechanism that is able to broadly detect most microbial and viral DNAs because of differences in the frequency and methylation of CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts. B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells spontaneously take up DNA of any type. If the DNA contains these immune stimulatory 'CpG-S motifs', the cells become activated within minutes and begin producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-12 and upregulate expression of co-stimulatory molecules. This results in the activation of both innate and acquired immune responses. The pro-inflammatory effects of CpG-S motifs are opposed by CpG dinucleotides in certain distinct base contexts, termed neutralizing or CpG-N motifs. Increasing the ratio of CpG-S to CpG-N motifs enhances the immune stimulatory effects of DNA, even if the total level of CpGs in the DNA is not altered. While this is useful in generating enhanced genetic vaccines, the opposite strategy is likely to become useful for the generation of gene therapy vectors with reduced inflammatory effects.
Faster Than Light: The Evolution Of Polymer Electrolytes For New Generation Solar Cells In The Last Five Years (2016)

The stability of solar cells is a critical (but often disregarded) issue, since great focus is often devoted to the efficiency records (even if these values rapidly decrease upon time). However, today's research in the solar cells field must be connected to concepts such as long-term stability, safety and environmental impact. One of the most studied device is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), that has recently exceeded 14% efficiency values and is day by day establishing itself as the leading photovoltaic technology in the fields of building-integrated and indoor light-harvesting. In this device, the electrolyte plays a central role in determining both efficiency and durability. Since polymer electrolytes represent the main solution to the issue of poor stability of DSSC devices while maintaining almost intact the power conversion efficiency, the scientific community has recently made great efforts in this direction in recent years. In this work, we present recent approaches in terms of novel polymeric architectures for DSSC polymer electrolytes, introduction of unconventional redox mediators, and photostability increase of solar cells components. Reached the goals of high efficiency and good stability, we show how DSSCs can be used for the fabrication of smart windows in modern buildings. Finally, a few preliminary results about one of the 2016 leading solar cells (i.e., aqueous solar cells) will be given
New Ceramic Electrode for Piezoelectric Buzzer (1985)

Electrical conductive oxide for electrode were investigated, and the piezoelectric characteristics were measured for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) resonator with the conductive oxide. Printable pastes were made using conductive oxides having perovskite type structure such as BaPbO 3 , BaPb 1.2 O 3 , BaPb 0.8 Bi 0.2 O 3 , BaPb 0.8 Sb 0.2 O 3 and La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 with glass frits and organic vehicles. The electrical resistivities of these pastes were measured at room temperature by four probe method, which were 1.4×10 -2 ohm–cm for BaPbO 3 paste and 2.3×10 -2 ohm–cm for La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 paste. The piezoelectric resonators were obtained with Kp=39%, tan δ=3.2% and C=24nF for electrode of BaPbO 3 paste and with Kp=31%, tan δ=6.8% and C=39nF for electrode of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 paste.
Grassmannian beamforming on correlated MIMO channels (2005)

The diversity gains available from multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems are well documented. These gains are realizable through the use of transmit beamforming and receive combining. Transmit beamforming relies on the assumption of channel knowledge at the transmitter, an assumption that is often unrealistic. Limited feedback beamformers have been designed over the past few years, but they concentrate primarily on the assumption of a spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel matrix. The paper addresses the design of limited feedback beamformers for transmit and receive correlated MIMO channels. In particular, we use a technique where the receiver chooses the beamforming vector from a codebook of possible vectors and conveys this vector over a limited feedback channel. We show how this method obtains full diversity order. Monte Carlo simulations show performance close to optimal beamforming.
Modeling Contrast-Imaging-Assisted Optimal Targeted Drug Delivery: A Touchable Communication Channel Estimation and Waveform Design Perspective (2017)

To maximize the effect of treatment and minimize the adverse effect on patients, we propose to optimize nanorobots-assisted targeted drug delivery (TDD) for locoregional treatment of tumor from the perspective of touchable communication channel estimation and waveform design. The drug particles are the information molecules; the loading/injection and unloading of the drug correspond to the transmitting and receiving processes; the concentration-time profile of the drug particles administered corresponds to the signaling pulse. Given this analogy, we first propose to use contrast-enhanced microwave imaging (CMI) as a pretherapeutic evaluation technique to determine the pharmacokinetic model of nanorobots-assisted TDD. The CMI system applies an information-theoretic-criteria-based algorithm to estimate drug accumulation in tumor, which is analogous to the estimation of channel impulse response in the communication context. Subsequently, we present three strategies for optimal targeted therapies from the communication waveform design perspective, which are based on minimization of residual drug molecules at the end of each therapeutic session (i.e., inter-symbol interference), maximization of duration when the drug intensity is above a prespecified threshold during each therapeutic session (i.e., non-fade duration), and minimization of average rate that a therapeutic operation is not received correctly at tumor (i.e., bit error rate). Finally, numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical framework.
Development and Validation of a Microsphere-Based Luminex Assay for Rapid Identification of Clinically Relevant Aspergilli (2009)

A Luminex-based assay for the rapid identification of Aspergillus species was designed, optimized, and validated with 131 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ustus, and A. versicolor. The six species-specific probes were directed toward the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region and tested in a multiplex format with results generated within 6 h. Species identifications generated by the Aspergillus Luminex assay were 100% concordant with results from comparative sequence analyses of the ITS-1 region and showed excellent specificity. The Aspergillus Luminex assay is a rapid, relatively simple method that may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool for rapid Aspergillus identification in clinical laboratory settings.
Early Detection and Molecular Diagnosis of Some Most Common Bacterial Genus in Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Jeddah (2013)

Progressive loss of lung function resulting from the inflammatory response to bacterial colonization is the leading cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A greater understanding of these bacterial infections is needed to improve lung disease management. This research was aimed to isolate and identify bacteria associated with CF patients by using molecuolar techniques. we used Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism profiling (PCR-RFLP) and Plasmid profiling to identify and characterize, with prior cultivation, 25 bacterial isolates from CF patients were compared with 24 isolates from non CF patients. Four different species were isolated in this study; P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, K. pneumoniae and A.baumannii. Same RFLP bands were found in all P.aeruginosa isolates, S.aureus and K. pneumoniae isolates had the same bands. Different genotypes were found in A.baumannii isolates. Plasmids were detected in 9 (39%) P.aeruginosa isolates,7 (53.8%) A.baumannii isolates, 5 (100 %) K.pneumoniae and 4 (50%) S.aureus isolates. In conclusion, our results show that CF patients in Jeddah had un common species in CF patients also the PCR-RFLP technique has High sensitivity for identifying species associated with infection in CF patients. Different numbers and sizes of Plasmids were detected in the isolates and the appearance of the plasmid in the isolates was vary from Species to another.
Zinc finger protein GFI-1 cooperates with myc and pim-1 in T-cell lymphomagenesis by reducing the requirements for IL-2. (1996)

The clonality of lymphomas that originate in myc/pim-1 bitransgenic mice due to synergistic action of both oncogenes indicates the requirement of additional events for progression to full malignancy. To isolate genes that cooperate with both myc and pim-1, we have used provirus tagging with E mu L-myc/pim-1 double transgenic mice. We find accelerated tumour formation in infected animals and show that the gfi-1 gene and neighbouring loci on mouse chromosome 5 are occupied by proviruses in about 53% of the tumours leading in all cases to high level gfi-1 expression. In agreement with data from Gilks et al. (1993) we find that forced expression of the gfi-1 encoded zinc finger protein in IL-2 dependent T-cells provokes increased survival upon IL-2 depletion and we present evidence that this occurs at least in part through stimulation of proliferation. Our data suggest that gfi-1 is a proto-oncogene cooperation with both myc and pim-1 genes in T-cell lymphomagenesis.
Magnéli-Phases in Anatase Strongly Promote Cocatalyst-Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2019)

Magnéli phases of titanium dioxide (such as Ti4O7, Ti5O9, etc.) provide electronic properties, namely, a stable metallic behavior at room temperature. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that nanoscopic Magnéli phases, formed intrinsically in anatase during a thermal aerosol synthesis, can enable significant photocatalytic H2 generation—this without the use of any extrinsic cocatalyst in anatase. Under optimized conditions, mixed-phase particles of 30% anatase, 25% Ti4O7, and 20% Ti5O9 are obtained that can provide, under solar light, direct photocatalytic H2 evolution at a rate of 145 μmol h–1 g–1. These anatase particles contain 5–10 nm size intergrown phases of Ti4O7 and Ti5O9. Key is the metallic band of Ti4O7 that induces a particle internal charge separation and transfer cascade with suitable energetics and favorable dimensions that are highly effective for H2 generation.
A novel liquidchip platform for simultaneous detection of 70 alleles of DNA somatic mutations on EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded slides containing tumor tissue (2010)

A simple, accurate, sensitive HTP technology was developed and standardized for detecting simultaneously 70 different alleles of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations from FFPE tumor slides.
Time course of recovery of different motor functions following a reproducible cortical infarction in non-human primates (2023)

A major challenge in human stroke research is interpatient variability in the extent of sensorimotor deficits and determining the time course of recovery following stroke. Although the relationship between the extent of the lesion and the degree of sensorimotor deficits is well established, the factors determining the speed of recovery remain uncertain. To test these experimentally, we created a cortical lesion over the motor cortex using a reproducible approach in four common marmosets, and characterized the time course of recovery by systematically applying several behavioral tests before and up to 8 weeks after creation of the lesion. Evaluation of in-cage behavior and reach-to-grasp movement revealed consistent motor impairments across the animals. In particular, performance in reaching and grasping movements continued to deteriorate until 4 weeks after creation of the lesion. We also found consistent time courses of recovery across animals for in-cage and grasping movements. For example, in all animals, the score for in-cage behaviors showed full recovery at 3 weeks after creation of the lesion, and the performance of grasping movement partially recovered from 4 to 8 weeks. In addition, we observed longer time courses of recovery for reaching movement, which may rely more on cortically initiated control in this species. These results suggest that different recovery speeds for each movement could be influenced by what extent the cortical control is required to properly execute each movement.