gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A New Selective Method for the Homolytic Alkylation and Carboxylation of Quinones by Monoesters of Oxalic Acid. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A sensitive PARACEST contrast agent for temperature MRI: Eu3+‐DOTAM‐glycine (Gly)‐phenylalanine (Phe) (2008)

Tissue temperature is a fundamental physiological parameter that can provide insight into pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a novel paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agent suitable for in vivo temperature mapping at 9.4T. The CEST properties of the europium (Eu(3+)) complex of the DOTAM-Glycine (Gly)-Phenylalanine (Phe) ligand were studied in vitro at 9.4T as a function of temperature, pH, and agent concentration. The transfer of magnetization (CEST effect) from the bound water to bulk water pools was approximately 75% greater for Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly-Phe compared to Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly at physiologic temperature (38 degrees C) and pH (7.0 pH units) when using power level sufficiently low for in vivo imaging. Unlike Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly, whose CEST effect decreased with increasing temperature in the physiologic range, the CEST effect of Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly-Phe was optimal at body temperature. A strong linear dependence of the chemical shift of the bound water pool on temperature was observed (0.3 ppm/ degrees C), which was insensitive to pH and agent concentration. Temperature maps with SDs < 1 degrees C were acquired at 9.4T in phantoms containing: 1) phantom A, an aqueous solution of 10 mM Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly-Phe; 2) phantom B, 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 15 mM Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly-Phe; and 3) phantom C, mouse brain tissue with 4 mM Eu(3+)-DOTAM-Gly-Phe. The temperature sensitivity combined with the high CEST effect observed at low concentration using low saturation power (B(1)) suggests this compound may be a good choice for in vivo temperature mapping at 9.4T.
Acute lateral ankle sprain to chronic ankle instability: a pathway of dysfunction (2017)

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) have been reported as one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries observed in sports and in individuals who are recreationally active. Approximately 40% of individuals who sustain a LAS develop a condition known as chronic ankle instability (CAI). Years of research has identified numerous impairments associated with CAI such as decreases in range of motion (ROM), strength, postural control, and altered movement patterns during functional activities when compared to individuals with no LAS history. As a result, an impairment-based rehabilitation model was developed to treat the common impairments associated with CAI. The impairment-based rehabilitation model has been shown to be an effective rehabilitation strategy at improving both clinical and patient-oriented outcomes in patients with CAI. To date, the efficacy of an impairment-based rehabilitation model has not been evaluated in patients with an acute LAS. Prior to implementing an impairment-based model for the treatment of an acute LAS, similarities between impairments associated with acute LAS and CAI across the spectrum of the healing process is warranted. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to compare and contrast impairments and treatment techniques in individuals with an acute LAS, sub-acute LAS, and CAI. A secondary purpose of this review is to provide clinical commentary on the management of acute LAS and speculate how the implementation of an impairment-based rehabilitation strategy for the treatment of acute LAS could minimize the development of CAI. The main findings of this review were that similar impairments (decreased ROM, strength, postural control, and functional activities) are observed in patients with acute LAS, sub-acute LAS, and CAI, suggesting that the impairments associated with CAI are a continuation from the original impairments developed during the initial LAS. Therefore, the use of an impairment-based model may be advantageous when treating patients with an acute LAS.
Diverse Workspace Path Planning for Robot Manipulators (2012)

We present a novel algorithm that generates a set of diverse workspace paths for&#13;\nmanipulators. By considering more than one possible path we give our manipulator&#13;\nthe flexibility to choose from many possible ways to execute a task. This is&#13;\nparticularly important in cases in which the best workspace path cannot be executed&#13;\nby the manipulator (e.g. due to the presence of obstacles that collide with&#13;\nthe manipulator links). Our workspace paths are generated such that a distance&#13;\nmetric between them is maximized, allowing them to span different workspace regions.&#13;\nManipulator planners mostly focus on solving the problem by analyzing the&#13;\nconfiguration space (e.g. Jacobian-based methods); our approach focuses on analyzing&#13;\nalternative workspace paths which are comparable to the optimal solution in&#13;\nterms of length. This paper introduces our intuitive algorithm and also presents the&#13;\nresults of a series of experiments performed with a simulated 7 DOF robotic arm.
Dimensional Analysis to Parameterise Ice Accretion on Mesh Strainers (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Water is always present in jet fuel, usually in a mixture of forms. At very low temperatures this phenomenon can lead to the formation of ice crystals within the aircraft fuel system, which can then stay in suspension within the entire volume of fuel. Pumps within the fuel system transfer fuel around the system. Pumps such as boost pumps that are typically used in fuel systems are protected by a weave type filter mesh at the inlet. Ice accretion on the surface of this mesh has operational implications as it can cause non optimal fuel flow.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this investigation, two fundamental tools are being used: 1) a high fidelity MATLAB model of a mesh strainer, pick-up line and pump, and 2) a test rig of the modelled system. The model is being used to investigate fuel system performance when exposed to fuel containing water/ice contaminants at cold temperatures. The test rig will be used to validate the model and to provide the necessary data to define a set of equations that may theoretically quantify ice accretion on the mesh.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The strategy of experimentation on the test rig is being optimized using dimensional analysis (DA) to reduce the number of key variables. Predicting the amount of ice accretion in the pump inlet mesh, is a complex task as the phenomenon depends on a number of factors. There is an extensive list of variables belonging to each of these factors, any of which may affect ice formation on the mesh. Through the use of dimensional analysis and careful design of experimentation (DOE), it is being possible to derive a set of non-dimensional combinations of variables without any direct or explicit knowledge of the laws of physics describing the phenomenon.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The development and refinement of the afore mentioned tools will allow the users to investigate ice accretion on the strainer, and predict the resulting system performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Preparation and Characterization of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Having a 3D Stainless-Steel Fiber Sheet as the Current Collector (2022)

One strategy to improve the performance of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is changing the current collector material. In this study, a three-dimensional porous current collector comprising stainless-steel fibers is fabricated using a relatively simple method. Capacitor properties of the EDLC using this unique current collector are characterized by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge tests. The voltammograms of the EDLC develop a more butterfly shape and an increased specific capacity at higher electrolyte concentrations. It shows reversible charge-discharge potential profiles, little capacity degradation (∼98% of the initial capacity at 1000th cycle), and a good rate performance at higher electrolyte concentrations (90% capacity retention for 2.5 times increase in discharge current). Its capacitance values (95-99 F g<sup>-1</sup>) are roughly twice the specific capacitance of an EDLC using the flat stainless-steel plate current collector (51 F g<sup>-1</sup>) without any performance degradation even at a higher loading of electrode active materials. Based on the AC impedance analysis, these good properties are attributed to the reduction in several resistances compared to the case of a flat stainless-steel plate: (i) the contact resistance between the electrode active material and the current collector, (ii) the resistance of the electrolyte in the finely branched space formed by the fibers and the active material, and (iii) the resistance in the diffusion layer. Increasing the electrolyte concentration further reduces the latter two resistances and the bulk electrolyte resistance, resulting in higher performance of the EDLC using the stainless-steel fiber sheet current collector.
Hyperspectral complex-domain image denoising: cube complex-domain BM3D (CCDBM3D) algorithm (2020)

We consider hyperspectral phase/amplitude imaging from hyperspectral complex-valued noisy observations. Block-matching and grouping of similar patches are main instruments of the proposed algorithms. The search neighborhood for similar patches spans both the spectral and 2D spatial dimensions. SVD analysis of 3D grouped patches is used for design of adaptive nonlocal bases. Simulation experiments demonstrate high efficiency of developed state-of-the-art algorithms.
Oscillations of a Cylindrical Plasma (1957)

The natural modes of oscillation of a cylindrical plasma of finite density at zero pressure in a longitudinal magnetic field are examined. When one considers frequencies well below the electron plasma and electron cyclotron frequencies, there appear in two limiting cases hydromagnetic waves, and waves whose natural frequencies are close to the ion cyclotron frequency. This cyclotron frequency resonance occurs when the wavelength of the oscillation in the $z$ direction is short compared to the wavelength for light in vacuo corresponding to the root square sum of the ion plasma frequency and the ion cyclotron frequency.
Characterization of the nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance (cmlA) gene of the In4 integron of Tn1696: similarity of the product to transmembrane transport proteins (1991)

Integrons constitute a novel family of DNA elements which evolved by site-specific integration of discrete units between two conserved segments. On the In4 integron of Tn1696, a precisely inserted gene cassette of 1,549 bp conferring nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance (cmlA) is present between the streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance (aadA2) gene cassette and the 3'-conserved segment of the integron. In this study, we present the nucleotide sequence of the cmlA gene cassette of Tn1696, show its similarity to bacterial efflux systems and other transport proteins, and present evidence for alterations that its expression exerts on bacterial membranes. The cmlA gene cassette apparently carries its own promoter(s), a situation that has not heretofore been observed in the integrons of multiresistance plasmids and transposons of gram-negative bacteria. One or more of these promoters were shown to be functionally active in expressing a cat marker gene from promoter-probe vectors. The putative CmlA polypeptide appears to provoke a reduction of the content of the major porins OmpA and OmpC.
A 12-bit 200KS/s SAR ADC with digital self-calibration (2017)

Aiming at the application of neural signal detection system, this paper designs a 12-bit 200KS/s high resolution successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) fabricated in SMIC 0.18-μm process. An optimized digital self-calibration technique is proposed to correct the static offset of the comparator and the mismatch of the capacitor array by using a correction capacitor array, achieving 1-bit improvement of ENOB. Simulation results show that, when the input signal is 46K, the ADC fulfills an SNDR of 71.55dB and an SFDR of 91.82dB with a 200KS/s sampling rate, while the ADC only can achieve an SNDR of 65.85dB and an SFDR of 78.83dB before calibration. With the ENOB of 11.59 bit, the self-calibration SAR ADC consumes 336μW at 1.8 V power supply.
A Highly Convergent Synthesis of a Complex Oligosaccharide Derived from Group B Type III Streptococcus (2001)

An efficient synthesis of a heptasaccharide derived from group B type III Streptococcus carrying an artificial spacer (1) is described. Rapid assembly of a protected heptasaccharide (16a) is accomplished from readily available building blocks 2-5 without a single protecting group manipulation between glycosylation steps. The synthetic strategy may be applied to the assembly of other branched complex oligosaccharides. The deprotected heptasaccharide 1 was coupled to a poly[N-(acryloyloxy)succinimide, and the resulting material will be used for the development of an ELISA assay to detect antibodies against GBS, type III in pregnant women.
Geometry Design of a Pitch Controlling Type Horizontal Axis Turbine and Comparison of Power Coefficients (2014)

본 연구에서는, 블레이드 요소-모멘텀 이론을 바탕으로, 최대 출력계수를 갖는 직경 80 cm의 실험실용 수평축 조류 터빈의 형상을 제시하고, 블레이드 피치각이 변할 때 출력계수의 변화 경향을 조사하였다. 또한 ANSYS-Fluent를 이용한 전산유체해석을 실시하여, 주어진 블레이드 피치각에 대하여 블레이드 요소-모멘텀 이론으로 계산한 출력계수를 검증하였다. 전산유체해석에는 계산 영역의 직경과 길이를 조류 터빈 반경의 15배로 하였고, 계산 영역의 경계에는 열린 경계조건을 인가하였다. 블레이드 요소-모멘텀 이론과 전산유체해석으로 계산한 조류 터빈의 최대 출력계수 약 48%로 서로 잘 일치하였다. 블레이드 피치각을 증가한 경우에는 두 방법으로 산출한 출력계수가 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 그 값들도 서로 유사하였다. 이로부터, 블레이드 요소-모멘텀 이론을 기반으로 설계한 조류 터빈 형상 및 다양한 조건에서 대한 출력계수의 신뢰성을 확인하였다.
Photochromism in Bianthrone and Related Compounds. Part VI. The structure of the photocromic isomers of bianthrones (1970)

Abstract The cyclic structure III is assigned to the C photochromic isomer of 1, 8′‐dimethylbianthrones on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Similar considerations indicate that this does not apply to the B photoisomers of bianthrones.
Theory of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Wall-Jet Electrodes. Simulation of Spatially Differential Stripping and Redeposition Phenomena (1998)

Numerical simulations based on the time dependent backward implicit method are used to develop the theory of anodic stripping voltammetry carried out under hydrodynamic conditions using mercury thin film wall-jet electrodes. The peak shape is shown to be highly sensitive both to electrolyte flow rate and to the potential sweep rate. The simulations permit visualization of concentrations both in solution and in the film throughout the voltammetric potential sweep. They reveal the film to be stripped in a spatially nonuniform fashion with the flow inducing the center of the electrode to be depleted before, and at less positive potentials than, the radial extremities of the electrode. Moreover for electrochemically reversible systems with flow and sweep rate parameters similar to those employed in analytical practice it is seen that material oxidized from the electrode center can become redeposited at radial distances closer to the electrode edge where the diffusion layer is thicker, before being re-oxidized later on in the potential sweep at more positive potentials.
MicroRNAs as new biomarkers for monitoring of vascular calcification in CKD patients (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
End-of-life nickel–cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass (2014)

The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)2 (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)2 form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)2 (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.
Tracking Ultrafast Photocurrents in the Weyl Semimetal TaAs Using THz Emission Spectroscopy (2019)

We investigate polarization-dependent ultrafast photocurrents in the Weyl semimetal TaAs using terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Our results reveal that highly directional, transient photocurrents are generated along the noncentrosymmetric c axis regardless of incident light polarization, while helicity-dependent photocurrents are excited within the ab plane. This is consistent with earlier static photocurrent experiments, and demonstrates on the basis of both the physical constraints imposed by symmetry and the temporal dynamics intrinsic to current generation and decay that optically induced photocurrents in TaAs are inherent to the underlying crystal symmetry of the transition metal monopnictide family of Weyl semimetals.
Abstract 10381: Improved Left Ventricular Mass Quantification with Partial Voxel Interpolation - in vivo and Necropsy Validation of a Novel Algorithm for Automated Analysis of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) (2011)

Background Partial voxel analysis, a new segmentation method for LV mass (LVM), accounts for myocardium admixed with blood in a single voxel. This differs from conventional full voxel analysis, whi...
Research on Intelligent Classification System of Ceramic Tiles Based on Machine Vision (2011)

An intelligent classification system of ceramic tiles is introduced in the light of the theory about multi-sensor information fusion. The system includes image acquisition, image processing and intelligent classification of ceramic tiles. The color features and shape features of tile image are synthetically processed using BP neural network. The topological structure of the neural network based on “681” structure is proposed in the system. The numerical calculation and simulation about classification of ceramic tiles is carried out based on MATLAB software. The results show this algorithm is fast and accurate, which can effectively accomplish the classification of comprehensive detection of ceramic tiles.
Floating small target detection in sea clutter via normalised Doppler power spectrum (2016)

This paper, proposes a detector based upon normalised Doppler power spectrum (NDPS) is proposed to find floating small targets in sea clutter. Doppler power spectra (DPS) of sea clutter are modelled by a positive stochastic process in Doppler bins. To measure the power fluctuation of sea clutter at each Doppler bin, the NDPS is constructed which equals the DPS of the received time series subtracting the mean function and divided by the standard deviation function of the stochastic process. In view of the Doppler spread when the target return power is integrated within a long observation time, a double detection scheme is developed. The NDPS at the cell under test (CUT) is first estimated from the DPS at the reference range cells and CUT. Then, the first‐stage detection is conducted by the shape‐parameter‐dependent thresholds to yield the thresholded NDPS at individual Doppler bins. The second‐stage detection is made by selective integration of the thresholded NDPS. The proposed detector is compared with the fractal‐based and tri‐feature‐based detectors by using the real high‐resolution sea clutter datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed detector attains better performance than the fractal‐based detector and has comparable performance with the tri‐feature‐based detector but lower computational complexity.
Transgenic Animals (2001)

Abstract Transgenesis implies that a foreign DNA fragment is introduced into the genome of a multicellular organism and transmitted to progeny. Transgenesis therefore differs from gene transfer into cultured cells (transfection) or into the somatic cells of a patient (gene therapy).
Influence of Callus Deformation Time Bone Chamber Study in Rabbits (1996)

Short periods of strain have effects on tissue differentiation in a skeletal defect. Little is known about the importance of the duration of such periods. The authors compared 2 short daily periods of strain pulses that differed only by their duration. This was done by using the micromotion chamber, which is a titanium implant with a transverse intraosseous canal. Fibrous tissue forms in the canal and then is replaced by bone through membranous (metaplastic) ossification. The tissue in the canal can be exposed to cyclic deformation. The chamber allows harvest of the tissue within the canal without disturbing the outer parts of the implant or the surrounding bone, thus enabling repeated experiments in the same animal. Chambers were inserted in 6 rabbits and repeatedly harvested at 3-week intervals. Between harvests, the chambers were subjected to either no motion, 20 cycles once daily during 20 seconds (1 Hz), or 20 cycles once daily during 120 seconds (0.17 Hz). Altogether 39 harvested specimens were studied. The 20-second treatment tended to increase the amount of ingrown bone as compared with no motion, whereas the 120-second treatment caused a marked decrease in bone formation and increase in fibrous tissue. Because the acute tissue trauma appears similar with both deformation treatments, it would appear that the increased fibrous tissue formation with the longer deformation time is caused by the parameters of tissue deformation and not by increased tissue damage.