gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Metromedia Steakhouses Company, L.P. Decided to Invest in Multiple Regression (1994)

Metromedia Steakhouses Company, L.P., is the operator and franchisor ofthe Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouse chains. Two years ago, the Financial Planning and Analysis Department redefined its mission. We set out to gain a full understanding of what was happening in each of our markets. Up to this point, our analysis was focused almost exclusively on overall system performance factors. This change resulted in a data explosion. Analytically, what we were doing for the system, now had to be replicated by a factor of better than 50. Furthermore, we are currently gearing our efforts so that we may evaluate the individual restaurants in the same way. To fulfill the mission, our group sought out to systematically build the data sets required. We decided to build our data on PC's utilizing a Local Area Network. WHY LAN? There were several reasons why we chose LAN over the existing mainframe resource: 1. Data/Graphical Interfacing. A technique that has turned out to be useful in our company is presenting a report of analytical data and graphics on the same page, often times with comments. This type of format has an appeal to a wide audience because the graphs can tell a story rather quickly to those who are not analytical or numbers oriented, while the data side appeals to those who want the numbers. From this format, both types can discuss the issues literally from the same page. The PC provided us the best tool to carry this out. 2. Flexibility. Like many businesses, we are in a dynamic, fast paced environment. It is not uncommon to be required to analyze an issue from many different angles in a short amount of time. Again, the LAN platform allows us to pull together information quickly, load it into a spreadsheet and perform the analysis. 3. Independence. By having the data on the LAN, our analysts are free to get the data they need, in the fashion they need, and not to be dependent on MIS support. Once decided upon the LAN, we began developing the data foundations needed to analyze the business. We knew very well that in so doing we would miss in some areas because of the constantly changing demands. We also knew that we had to logically reconstruct the data to make it work. Exhibit 1 gives the flowchart that outlines how we break down the revenue line into the key areas that influence it the most.(Exhibit 1 omitted.) As you may know from your own experience, it takes a lot of hard work and cooperation from many areas to gather this type of data and to organize it in a mutually beneficial format for multiple users. …
High-order stencil computations on multicore clusters (2009)

Stencil computation (SC) is of critical importance for broad scientific and engineering applications. However, it is a challenge to optimize complex, high-order SC on emerging clusters of multicore processors. We have developed a hierarchical SC parallelization framework that combines: (1) spatial decomposition based on message passing; (2) multithreading using critical section-free, dual representation; and (3) single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) parallelism based on various code transformations. Our SIMD transformations include translocated statement fusion, vector composition via shuffle, and vectorized data layout reordering (e.g. matrix transpose), which are combined with traditional optimization techniques such as loop unrolling. We have thereby implemented two SCs of different characteristics-diagonally dominant, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for fluid flow simulation and highly off-diagonal (6-th order) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code for seismic wave propagation-on a Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) based system (a cluster of PlayStation3 consoles), a dual Intel quadcore platform, and IBM BlueGene/L and P. We have achieved high inter-node and intra-node (multithreading and SIMD) scalability for the diagonally dominant LBM: Weak-scaling parallel efficiency 0.978 on 131,072 BlueGene/P processors; strong-scaling multithreading efficiency 0.882 on 6 cores of Cell BE; and strong-scaling SIMD efficiency 0.780 using 4-element vector registers of Cell BE. Implementation of the high-order SC, on the contrary, is less efficient due to long-stride memory access and the limited size of the vector register file, which points out the need for further optimizations.
Tuning exciton recombination rates in doped transition metal dichalcogenides (2021)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are direct gap semiconductors that hold great promise for advanced applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Understanding the interplay between their radiative and non-radiative recombination pathways is thus of crucial importance not only for fundamental studies but also for the design of future nanoscale on-chip devices. Here, we investigate the interplay between doping and exciton–exciton annihilation (EEA) and their impact on the photoluminescence quantum yield in different TMD samples and related heterostructures. We demonstrate that the EEA threshold increases in highly doped samples, where the radiative and non-radiative recombination of trions dominates.
Substituent Effect To Prevent Autoxidation and Improve Spectral Stability in Blue Light‐Emitting Polyfluorenes (2005)

A group of fluorene-based polymers, PF-1SOR and PF-2SOR, were synthesized and characterized as blue light-emitting materials. PF-1SOR and PF-2SOR displayed nematic liquid crystalline mesophase in films cast from solution. Compared with conventional polyfluorene, PF-1SOR and PF-2SOR display blue-shifted UV absorption and structureless blue fluorescence. The photoluminescence spectra of PF-1SOR and PF-2SOR were found insensitive against thermal treatment in air up to 200 degrees C and the blue electroluminescence in their light-emitting devices was independent of the driving voltage. Compared to the conventional polyfluorenes, the improved spectral stability of these polymers is attributed to the anti-oxidization effect of (3,5-di(tert-butyl)phenoxy)sulfonyl side groups attached to the backbone.
Nonlinear model predictive control for improving energy recovery for electric vehicles during regenerative braking (2011)

This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme and a case study for improving the regenerative braking (RB) energy recovery for electric vehicles (EV) with in-wheel motors. The first part deals with a braking torque split problem, that is, given a desired vehicle longitudinal velocity profile, design braking torques for front and rear wheels independently to increase the RB energy recovery. The second part provides a case study to see the effects of different vehicle velocity profiles, with the same initial and terminal velocities and desired travelling distance, on RB energy recovery. The controller developed in the first part employs a three degrees-of-freedom longitudinal vehicle dynamic model with explicit considerations on the experimentally-measured, motor-to-battery RB efficiency map. Simulation results show that the proposed NMPC is capable of restoring more RB energy than a conventional PI controller does. The case study clearly shows the great potential in planning a priori velocity trajectory that is optimal in terms of energy recovery for RB control of EVs with in-wheel motors.
Unusual lipopolysaccharide antigens of a Salmonella typhi oral vaccine strain expressing the Shigella sonnei form I antigen. (1984)

Salmonella typhi 5076-1C, a potential live, oral vaccine for protection against typhoid fever and Shigella sonnei shigellosis, expresses the S. sonnei form I antigen and normal s.typhi somatic antigens.Polysaccharide antigens of this galactose epimeraseless genetic derivative strain were hot phenol-water extracted from cells grown with (+gal) and without (-gal) galactose.Ultracentrifugation of the aqueous layer from (+gal) cells resulted in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pellet having core-linked s. typhi O-antigen but no corelinked form I antigen; the LPS from (-gal) cells lacked O-antigen.The form I antigen, obtained from the supernatant, was purified by alcohol precipitation and ion exchange chromatography.Unlinked form I and S. typhi O-polysaccharide antigens, both present in the (+gal) supernatant, were further separated by gel filtration.Chemical analyses revealed the 5076-1C form I antigen to be a polymer (M.= 14,000-20,000) having O-disaccharide repeating units comprised of 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-~-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-altruronic acid.Unlike parental S. sonnei form I LPS, the 5076-1C form I antigen lacked core lipid A, had low phosphorus content, and migrated in polyacrylamide gels with lower relative mobility.In contrast to current concepts of LPS assembly, these data indicate that 5076-1C form I antigen is transported to the cell surface without covalent linkage to core lipid A, and exists as a polymerized, antigenic surface entity.Shigella sonnei is a predominant cause of bacillary dysentery in the United States and worldwide.The major protective S. sonnei surface antigen, the form I LPS' has been chemically defined to contain an unusual O-disacchatide repeat unit linked to core lipid A (1, 2).Presently, there are no proven effective prophylactic measures to protect against this intes-
Enhanced responses to 17beta-estradiol in rat hearts treated with isoproterenol: involvement of a cyclic AMP-dependent pathway. (2000)

We determined the effects of 17beta-estradiol, the most effective estrogen, acutely administered, on the heart/ventricular myocyte with or without treatment with isoproterenol (Iso). At 0.1 to 1 nM, 17beta-estradiol, which itself had no effect, reduced the heart rate and developed pressures in the isolated perfused heart treated with 10(-7) M Iso. One nanomolar 17beta-estradiol also inhibited the cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in Iso-treated ventricular myocytes. At 10 nM to 1 microM, 17beta-estradiol itself reduced the heart rate and incidence of ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, with the exception of diastolic pressure. The effects of 17beta-estradiol on heart rate, systolic and mean pressures, and arrhythmias were significantly enhanced in the heart/ventricular myocyte treated with Iso. Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, did not antagonize the effect of 17beta-estradiol on the Ca(2+) current in ventricular myocytes treated with Iso, nor did it alter the effect of the hormone on the cAMP production augmented by Iso and forskolin. The effects of 17beta-estradiol on Ca(2+) current in the presence or absence of tamoxifen and/or Iso were similar in male rats, which do not possess the estrogen receptor, and female rats, which have the estrogen receptor. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that estrogen at physiological concentrations modulates negatively the stimulatory actions of Iso on the heart rate and cardiac contractility. The effects may result from activation of an unknown membrane receptor and the adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathway, which enhances Ca(2+) influx across the L-type Ca(2+) channel.
Data on metabolic stability, aqueous solubility and CYP inhibition of novel triazole-based nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors (2019)

In the related research article, entitled "Identification of novel triazole-based nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors endowed with antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activity" [1], we reported the <i>in vitro</i> hepatic metabolism data for compounds 30c, 48b, and 31b (here named as <b>E5</b>, <b>A6</b>, and <b>T1</b>), in comparison with the reference compounds GPP78 and FK866 [1-3]. In this article, we retrieved the available data about the hepatic microsomal stability and metabolites structural characterization of the entire library of triazole-based NAMPT inhibitors, also implementing the given information with data regarding aqueous solubility and CYP inhibition. Compounds are divided in subclasses based on the hydrolytic resistant groups replacing the amide function of GPP78 [1, 2].
Modeling the appearance of special effect pigment coatings (2001)

Metallic and pearlescent coatings are becoming increasingly important in automotive, currency, and cosmetic applications. These coatings consist of metallic or dielectric platelets suspended in a binder, and are often applied between a pigmented basecoat, and a transparent topcoat. The scattering properties of these composite coatings vary depending upon the incident and viewing directions, as well as the wavelength. The complex nature of the scattering arises from the competition between multiple scattering sources: front surface reflection from the topcoat, reflection from the platelets, diffuse scattering from the pigmented undercoat, and scattering between platelets. The complex interplay between multiple scattering sources affects the ability to achieve quality control during the preparation of these coatings. In addition, the topcoat surface morphology, the properties of the pigmented basecoat, and the intrinsic properties, concentration, and angular distribution of the platelets influence the final appearance of the coating. In this paper, we will present models for light scattering from front surface facet reflection, subsurface flake reflection, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Experimental scattering measurements on pearlescent coatings show that the polarization can be well described in different geometry regimes by these different scattering sources. The models can be used to extract the slope distribution function of the flakes from the intensity data, but some aspects of the results behave inconsistently. Comparison is also made between experimental and calculated diffuse reflectance spectra. These results are intended to enable improved characterization of special effect coatings necessary for quality control and appearance modeling applications.
Modeling and Mitigation for High Frequency Switching Transients Due to Energization in Offshore Wind Farms (2016)

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on high frequency (HF) switching transients due to energization of vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) in offshore wind farms (OWFs). This research not only concerns the modeling of main components in collector grids of an OWF for transient analysis (including VCBs, wind turbine transformers (WTTs), submarine cables), but also compares the effectiveness between several mainstream switching overvoltage (SOV) protection methods and a new mitigation method called smart choke. In order to accurately reproduce such HF switching transients considering the current chopping, dielectric strength (DS) recovery capability and HF quenching capability of VCBs, three models are developed, i.e., a user–defined VCB model, a HF transformer terminal model and a three-core (TC) frequency dependent model of submarine cables, which are validated through simulations and compared with measurements. Based on the above models and a real OWF configuration, a simulation model is built and several typical switching transient cases are investigated to analyze the switching transient process and phenomena. Subsequently, according to the characteristics of overvoltages, appropriate parameters of SOV mitigation methods are determined to improve their effectiveness. Simulation results indicate that the user–defined VCB model can satisfactorily simulate prestrikes and the proposed component models display HF characteristics, which are consistent with onsite measurement behaviors. Moreover, the employed protection methods can suppress induced SOVs, which have a steep front, a high oscillation frequency and a high amplitude, among which the smart choke presents a preferable HF damping effect.
EFFECTIVE DEPLETION OF ALLOREACTIVE LYMPHOCYTES FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL PREPARATIONS1,2 (1999)

This method reduces alloreactivity while retaining reactivity against third-party targets. This approach may allow therapeutic infusion of T cells after HLA-nonidentical allografts with a reduced capacity to produce graft-versus-host disease.
Detecting Moving Objects and their Shadows: an evaluation with the PETS2002 dataset (2002)

This work presents a general-purpose method for moving visual object segmentation in videos and discusses results attained on sequences of PETS2002 datasets. The proposed approach, called Sakbot, exploits color and motion information to detect objects, shadows and ghosts, i.e. foreground objects with apparent motion. The method is based on background suppression in the color space. The main peculiarity of the approach is the exploitation of motion and shadow information to selectively update the background, improving the statistical background model with the knowledge of detected objects. The approach is able to detect Moving Visual Objects (MVOs), and stopped objects too, since the motion status is maintained at the level of tracking module. HSV color space is exploited for shadow detection in order to enhance both segmentation and background update. Time measures and precision performance analysis in tracking and counting people is provided for surveillance and monitoring purposes.
Learning the Sensorimotor Structure of the Foveated Retina (2009)

We identify two properties of the human vision system, the foveated retina, and the ability to saccade, and show how these two properties are sufficient to simultaneously learn the structure of receptive fields in the retina and a saccade policy that centers the fovea on points of interest in a scene. We consider a novel learning algorithm under this model, sensorimotor embedding, which we evaluate using a simulated roving eye robot on synthetic and natural scenes, and physical pan/tilt camera. In each case we compare learned geometry to actual geometry, as well as the learned motor policy to the optimal motor policy. In both the simulated roving eye experiments and the physical pan/tilt camera, our algorithm is able to learn both an approximate sensor map and an effective saccade policy. The developmental nature of sensorimotor embedding allows an agent to simultaneously adapt both geometry and policy to changes in the physical model and motor properties of the retina. We demonstrate adaption in the case of retinal lesioning and motor map reversal. 1.
Quality of underwater source localization in a multipath environment (1992)

This paper investigates the accuracy of a passive underwater localization system using two submerged omnidirectional sensors in a multipath environment. Expressions for the variance and bias of localization error are developed for two sources of error: ocean noise and sensor perturbations. Expressions are also given for the variance of time delays obtained from the cross correlation of the two sensor signals. It is shown that the variance of localization error is very sensitive to vertical sensor perturbations. It is also shown that in the region where the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the surface reflected paths is approximately equal to the TDOA of the direct paths, the localization error is very large.
On virtual partitioning of large dictionaries for contextual post-processing to improve character recognition (1993)

This paper presents a new approach to the partitioning of large dictionaries by virtual views. The basic idea is that additional knowledge sources of text recognition and text analysis are employed for fast dictionary look-up in order to prune search space through static or dynamic views. The heart of the system is a redundant hashing technique which involves a set of hash functions dealing with noisy input efficiently. Currently, the system is composed of two main system components: the dictionary generator and the dictionary controller. While the dictionary generator initially builds the system by using profiles and source dictionaries, the controller allows the flexible integration of different search heuristics. Results prove that our system achieves a respectable speed-up of dictionary access time.
Single transistor static memory cell: circuit application of a new quantum transistor (1992)

We report our recent experimental realization of a new quantum transistor. The operation of the transistor is based on quantum tunneling, i.e., the resonant tunneling current between two terminals can be controlled by a third terminal. In addition to new transistor characteristics, we have also demonstrated that our quantum transistor can function as a static memory cell, which normally consists of six conventional transistors.
Towards an efficient verification approach on network configuration (2012)

This paper presents our new design and implementation of a configuration verification system called ConfVS. With the increasing complexity of network configuration, verifying network behavior has become a highly time-consuming and error-prone process. Much research effort has been made to tackle this challenge. In this paper, we propose a formalization scheme based on binary decision diagram to model the entire network behavior specified by diverse configuration requirements (e.g., security policies, routing policies, and address translation rules), and design a set of algorithms to efficiently verify the compliance of network behavior to the requirements. Our experiments show that ConfVS can validate thousands of network devices configured by millions rules with ten times improved efficiency when compared to several well-known existing solutions.
Molecular imaging of hypoxia with radiolabelled agents (2009)

Tissue hypoxia results from an inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) that compromises biological functions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour vasculature together with altered diffusion conditions inside the tumour seem to be the main causes of tumour hypoxia. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies points to a role for tumour hypoxia in tumour propagation, resistance to therapy and malignant progression. This has led to the development of assays for the detection of hypoxia in patients in order to predict outcome and identify patients with a worse prognosis and/or patients that would benefit from appropriate treatments. A variety of invasive and non-invasive approaches have been developed to measure tumour oxygenation including oxygen-sensitive electrodes and hypoxia marker techniques using various labels that can be detected by different methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. This review aims to give a detailed overview of non-invasive molecular imaging modalities with radiolabelled PET and SPECT tracers that are available to measure tumour hypoxia.