gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylated neurofilament accumulation in neuronal perikarya by cyclosporin A injection in rat brain. (1993)

Cyclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, was administered into the rat hippocampus. Seven days after drug administration the effects of phosphatase activity suppression in the brain to changes in neuronal cytoskeletal proteins were studied. Rat brain homogenates injected with cyclosporin A showed 16-38% suppression of Ca/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase activity measured by 32P released from 32P-labeled histone, indicating that cyclosporin A acts as an inhibitor of calcineurin after binding with cyclophilin in the brain. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed many basophilic neurons in the pyramidal layer of hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical study with anti-phosphorylated neurofilament 200kDa antibody showed positive staining of neuronal perikarya of these basophilic neurons. The number of immunopositive neurons with anti-phosphorylated neurofilament 200KDa increased with the concentration of cyclosporin A injected into the brain, indicating a dose-dependent effect of the compound. Staining with anti-dephosphorylated neurofilament 200KDa (SMI-32) was decreased in neuronal perikarya of cyclosporin A injected brains compared with that of control brains injected with dimethyl sulfoxide alone, suggesting an increased phosphorylation of neurofilament 200KDa subunit protein. The perikarya of these basophilic neurons were not stained with anti-PHF (paired helical filaments) or anti-tau antibodies. Immunostaining with anti-ubiquitin was not increased in these cells. Immunostaining with anti-calcineurin A and anti-calcineurin B showed positive staining of neurons in hippocampus, cerebellum and caudate nucleus both in experimental and control brains. Calcineurin B immunoreactivity was more intense in pyramidal cells in hippocampus injected with cyclosporin A than in controls. Western blot study with antibody against calcineurin A revealed significantly more degradation products of calcineurin A in cyclosporin A injected brains. The present data suggest that cyclosporin A inhibits calcineurin activity in the brain, which results in increased phosphorylation of perikaryal neurofilaments. Since abnormal phosphorylation is speculated in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease, the results will help elucidate the participation of phosphatase in the pathology of cytoskeletal proteins in Alzheimer's disease.
Online Monitoring of Incipient Turn Insulation Degradation for Inverter-Fed Machine Using Sensitive Tail Component in PWM Switching Oscillations (2021)

A failure of insulation is one of the main reasons for electric machine outage. Online condition monitoring (CM) of an incipient degradation of turn insulation could eliminate the potential fault at the early stage, which is attractive but challenging. To improve the sensitivity and availability of CM, a noninvasive technique is presented in this article for the inverter-fed electric machine utilizing the existing high-frequency (HF) switching oscillations during pulsewidth modulation operation. First, the tail component sensitive to turn insulation is selected among the dominant oscillation modes in switching current, which can penetrate the winding of machine within an adequate frequency band (e.g., several hundreds of kHz). Then, a noncontact and simple HF sensor is developed for switching oscillation current capture. The CM system, procedure, and turn insulation state indicator are devised. After that, experimental work is carried out on a 3-kW permanent magnet synchronous machine test rig. The results show good sensitivity (about 2%) to the local incipient degradation of turn insulation with insusceptibility to the operating conditions. Finally, further discussion is given to demonstrate the performance of the method.
In-Road Microwave Sensor for Electronic Vehicle Identification and Tracking: Link Budget Analysis and Antenna Prototype (2017)

To reduce the cost and increase reliability of the vehicle radio-frequency identification and tracking systems, an alternative placement of the interrogator is investigated. Conventional systems make use of an overhead interrogator that reads a tag in a windscreen or a license plate. The alternative approach is to embed the interrogator in the road and exclusively read license plate tags. In this paper, the link budget of such a system is fully characterized assuming the ISO/IEC 18000-63 UHF Type-C RFID standard. The obtained results indicate that a microwave sensor that has an elevated toroidal radiation pattern at around a 20°-30° elevation angle above the horizon is desired. This is a challenging task as road regulations dictate that the sensor cannot exceed a profile of 2.5 cm above the road surface. As an example of a sensor that meets those requirements, a modified discone antenna with an improved impedance matching method is presented. To reduce the antenna's profile and give the required mechanical strength to withstand the weight of different vehicles on the road, the area between the disc and the cone is filled with Acetal, which has a high dielectric constant. The proposed microwave sensor is fabricated and successfully tested in a real-road environment. The results confirm that the sensor meets the aforementioned strict requirements from the link budget analysis.
Influência da sinvastatina na reparação óssea de mandíbulas de ratas (2010)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da sinvastatina na reparação óssea guiada em mandíbulas de ratas através da densitometria óptica e análise histológica. Foram tilizadas 35 ratas, nas quais foi confeccionado um defeito ósseo bicortical no ângulo da mandíbula, que foi recoberto por barreira de politetrafluoretileno nas faces vestibular e lingual. Após a cirurgia, os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos tratados com 20mg/kg/dia de sinvastatina, via oral, durante 15 ou 30 dias e 3 grupos controle. Os animais foram sacrificados 15, 30 ou 60 dias após a cirurgia, sendo a mandíbula removida para realização de densitometria óptica e análise histológica. Todos os espécimes foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença entre os grupos tratado e controle e que a média de neoformação óssea foi maior nos grupos sacrificados em 60 dias, seguidas pelas médias dos grupos de 30 e 15 dias. Conclui-se que a sinvastatina não teve efeito sobre o processo de reparo do tecido ósseo e que a quantidade de neoformação óssea aumentou conforme o tempo de observação.
On the Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Dovetail Attachments (2002)

The stress analysis of dovetail attachments presents some challenges. These stem from the high stress gradients at the edges of contact. They also stem from the nonlinearities accompanying conforming contact. Even with two-dimensional analysis, obtaining converged peak stresses is not trivial. With three-dimensional analysis, convergence can be expected to be more difficult to achieve because of the added computational costs of refinement in three dimensions. To meet these challenges, this paper describes a submodeling procedure with finite elements. The submodeling approach features bicubic surface fits to displacements for submodel boundary conditions. The approach also features a means of verifying these boundary conditions have converged: This is crucial to obtaining accurate converged peak stresses. The approach is applied to a three-dimensional test piece used to simulate a dovetail attachment. This application leads to converged three-dimensional stresses. These stresses serve to quantify the sort of increases in contact stresses in attachments due to three-dimensional effects.
Nosocomial infections: Epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance (2017)

Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical care. These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries. Nosocomial infections accounts for 7% in developed and 10% in developing countries. As these infections occur during hospital stay, they cause prolonged stay, disability, and economic burden. Frequently prevalent infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nosocomial pathogens include bacteria, viruses and fungal parasites. According to WHO estimates, approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these infections. During hospitalization, patient is exposed to pathogens through different sources environment, healthcare staff, and other infected patients. Transmission of these infections should be restricted for prevention. Hospital waste serves as potential source of pathogens and about 20%–25% of hospital waste is termed as hazardous. Nosocomial infections can be controlled by practicing infection control programs, keep check on antimicrobial use and its resistance, adopting antibiotic control policy. Efficient surveillance system can play its part at national and international level. Efforts are required by all stakeholders to prevent and control nosocomial infections.
Controlling the Bonding of CO on Cobalt Clusters by Coadsorption of H2 (2007)

H in control (of the electrons): The bond strength of CO on small cationic cobalt clusters, as indicated by the CO stretching band in the IR spectrum, can be precisely controlled by coadsorption of H2 molecules. Each coadsorbed H atom reduces the electron density available for back-donation by about 0.09–0.25 electrons, depending on cluster size. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z605165_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analytical Concepts for Reactive Power Based Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems (2016)

This paper introduces a novel idea for adding virtual inertia in power systems by controlling the frequency swing dynamics through voltage channel. The purpose is to develop a frequency-based supplementary VAR modulation to assist governor action during power imbalance events. In this aim, we propose a two-band power system stabilizer, tuned for very low-frequency common swing mode, to adaptively adjust reference voltage of a Synchronous Condenser (SC) and modulate its reactive power on a second-by-second basis. The feasibility of this idea is supported by theoretical and simulation evidences. From theoretical side, we formulate a computational procedure to measure the degree of control impact, accompanied by sensitivity analyses around varying operating points. On the simulation side, we perform extensive studies on four well-known IEEE multi-machine test systems. The results show that VAR modulation by SC has a considerable impact on the minimum post-contingency frequency (frequency nadir), even more than so-called load modulation methods in some cases, which in fact has not been given enough attention in the past. In addition, we show that the proposed method can aid governors to improve primary frequency response particularly in low inertia power systems by reducing post-event frequency settling time and bias.
Lactation-Related MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Porcine Breast Milk Exosomes (2012)

Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns, and is rich in immunological components. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are present in various body fluids and are selectively packaged inside the exosomes, a type of membrane vesicles, secreted by most cell types. These exosomal miRNAs could be actively delivered into recipient cells, and could regulate target gene expression and recipient cell function. Here, we analyzed the lactation-related miRNA expression profiles in porcine milk exosomes across the entire lactation period (newborn to 28 days after birth) by a deep sequencing. We found that immune-related miRNAs are present and enriched in breast milk exosomes (p<10(-16), χ(2) test) and are generally resistant to relatively harsh conditions. Notably, these exosomal miRNAs are present in higher numbers in the colostrums than in mature milk. It was higher in the serum of colostrum-only fed piglets compared with the mature milk-only fed piglets. These immune-related miRNA-loaded exosomes in breast milk may be transferred into the infant body via the digestive tract. These observations are a prelude to in-depth investigations of the essential roles of breast milk in the development of the infant's immune system.
Unsupervised segmentation of words using prior distributions of morph length and frequency (2003)

We present a language-independent and unsupervised algorithm for the segmentation of words into morphs. The algorithm is based on a new generative probabilistic model, which makes use of relevant prior information on the length and frequency distributions of morphs in a language. Our algorithm is shown to outperform two competing algorithms, when evaluated on data from a language with agglutinative morphology (Finnish), and to perform well also on English data.
Amino Acid Sequence of the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor 1 Predicts Sensitivity of Wild Birds to Effects of Dioxin-Like Compounds (2012)

The sensitivity of avian species to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) varies up to 1000-fold among species, and this variability has been associated with interspecies differences in aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 ligand-binding domain (AHR1 LBD) sequence. We previously showed that LD(50) values, based on in ovo exposures to DLCs, were significantly correlated with in vitro EC(50) values obtained with a luciferase reporter gene (LRG) assay that measures AHR1-mediated induction of cytochrome P4501A in COS-7 cells transfected with avian AHR1 constructs. Those findings suggest that the AHR1 LBD sequence and the LRG assay can be used to predict avian species sensitivity to DLCs. In the present study, the AHR1 LBD sequences of 86 avian species were studied, and differences at amino acid sites 256, 257, 297, 324, 337, and 380 were identified. Site-directed mutagenesis, the LRG assay, and homology modeling highlighted the importance of each amino acid site in AHR1 sensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other DLCs. The results of the study revealed that (1) only amino acids at sites 324 and 380 affect the sensitivity of AHR1 expression constructs of the 86 avian species to DLCs and (2) in vitro luciferase activity of AHR1 constructs containing only the LBD of the species of interest is significantly correlated (r (2) = 0.93, p < 0.0001) with in ovo toxicity data for those species. These results indicate promise for the use of AHR1 LBD amino acid sequences independently, or combined with the LRG assay, to predict avian species sensitivity to DLCs.
Supplementary Data 4 from An NMR Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66K, The absolute concentration of the marker metabolites at each experimental time points&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and characterization of styrene/Boc-p-amino styrene copolymers (2000)

The preparation and characterization of styrene (ST)/Boc-p-aminostyrene (Boc-AMST) copolymers, obtained by free radical polymerization in solution, are reported. The preparation of Boc-AMST as well as the evaluation of the reactivity ratios of ST and Boc-AMST by Kelen and Tüdos method constitute the focal aspects of the present contribution. The evaluation of the reactivity ratios substantiated a higher reactivity of Boc-AMST (rBocAMST = 0.96) with respect to ST (rST = 0.47). ST/Boc-AMST copolymers characterized by a “quasi” random distribution of monomeric units with tendency to alternating placement, were thus obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2910–2918, 2000
Vapor Trace Collection and Direct Ultrasensitive Detection of Nitro-Explosives by 3D Microstructured Electrodes (2019)

The development of a rapid, sensitive, and selective real-time detection method for explosives traces may have an enormous impact on civilian national security, military applications, and environmental monitoring. However, real-time sensing of explosives still possesses a huge analytical hurdle, rendering explosives detection an issue of burning immediacy and an enormous current challenge in terms of research and development. Even though several explosives detection methods have been established, these approaches are typically time-consuming, need relatively large equipment, demand sample preparation, require a skilled operator, and lack the capability to do high-throughput real-time detection, thus strongly constraining their mass deployment. Here, we demonstrate the use of amino-modified carbon microfiber (μCF) working electrodes for ultrasensitive, selective, and multiplex detection of nitro-based explosives. Furthermore, our sensing method works at high sampling rates by a single electrode in a single detection cycle. We hereby present the first demonstration of porous μCF electrodes used for the simultaneous collection/preconcentration of explosive molecular species through direct air sampling, followed by the electrochemical detection of the surface adsorbed electroactive species. Our chemically modified μCF electrodes allow straightforward vapor-phase detection and discrimination of multiple nitro-based explosives directly from collected air samples. Hence, our sensing approach has been shown highly effective in the ultratrace detection of nitro-based explosives, under real-world conditions.
A study on the structure and electrical properties of the fourth carbon allotrope: carbyne (1997)

The acetylenic and cumulenic forms of carbyne (α and β-carbyne, respectively) have been obtained simultaneously by oxidative coupling of dicopper acetylide under Glaser conditions. Carbynes having copper atoms, or phenyl groups, at the ends of the chains were successfully synthesized. At room temperature these end-groups confer an indefinite stability to this allotrope, whereas at high temperature in vacuo β-carbyne is transformed to α-carbyne, which is thermodynamically more stable. Carbyne chemical structure was studied and confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The chemical reactivity of carbyne was checked versus chlorine in the presence of UV light and dinitrogen tetroxide. The specific conductivity of undoped carbyne obtained by Glaser synthesis was found to be in the range 2·11×10-6–1·41×10-6Scm-1, just one order of magnitude lower than the conductivity of trans-polyacetylene. Polyeneyne or ‘Straus carbyne’ was synthesized via the Straus reaction and its structure was studied by FTIR and electronic spectroscopy. ©1997 SCI
Effect of radiotherapy on expression of hyaluronan and EGFR and presence of mast cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2012)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of cancer, and despite improvements in treatment during the last decades, survival rates have not significantly increased. There is therefore a need to better understand how these tumours and the adjacent tissues react to radiotherapy, the most common type of treatment for this group of tumours. In order to improve this understanding, the expression of hyaluronan (HA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the presence of mast cells were mapped before and after radiotherapy using immunohistochemistry. The results showed HA and EGFR to have similar expression patterns in tumour tissue and histologically normal squamous epithelium prior to radiotherapy. Following radiotherapy, EGFR increased in histologically normal epithelium. An increased number of mast cells were also observed as a result of radiotherapy. No expression of EGFR was observed in the connective tissue either prior to or following radiotherapy.
Effect of Short- and Long-Term Administration of Baclofen on Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats (2018)

Baclofen is the only clinically available metabotropic GABA(B) receptor agonist. In our experiment, we tested the hypothesis that long-term baclofen administration can impair learning and memory in rats. The experiment consisted of three parts. In the first part of the study the drug was administered simultaneously with the beginning of the behavioral tests. In the second and third part of the experiment baclofen was administered daily for 14 days and for one month before the tests. In each part of the experiment, adult rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Three groups were given an injection of baclofen at doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, while the fourth group was injected with saline. The injections were given after each session. Spatial learning and memory were tested using the Morris water maze, involving three types of tests: Acquisition, Probe, and Re-acquisition. This work reveals that baclofen did not affect spatial learning at any of the tested doses and regardless of the length of administration. Memory was observed to be affected, but only at the highest dose of baclofen and only temporarily. This conclusion is in line with previously published clinical cases.
Osteonecrosis during the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective MRI study (1999)

Corticosteroids have been considered to be the main pathogenetic factor in the development of osteonecrosis in children with malignancies, which was also suggested by our findings. However, there is a lack of systematic prospective studies concerning the natural history and long-term follow-up observations of the prognosis of osteonecrosis, especially in pediatric patients. Based on our results, the lesions are often asymptomatic and cause no disability, and spontaneous improvement or even resolution may occur.
Highly stable low noise / high power AlN/GaN-on-silicon double heterostructure HEMTs operating at 40 GHz (2013)

In this paper, an emerging double heterostructure high electron mobility transistor (DHFET) based on AlN/GaN/AlGaN grown on silicon substrate is presented. This configuration system allowed state-of-the-art GaN-on-silicon DC, RF output power and noise performances at 40 GHz, paving the way for high performance mmW cost-effective amplifiers. Preliminary reliability assessment has been performed on this new class of RF devices, showing promising mmW GaN-on-Si device stability for the first time.
An address generator for a 3-dimensional pseudo-Hilbert scan in a cuboid region (2003)

Hilbert curve is a one-to-one mapping between N-dimensional (N-D) space and 1-D space. The Hilbert curve has been applied to image processing as a scanning technique (Hilbert scan). Recently the application to moving-image processing is also studied actively. In this application, we use 3-D Hilbert scan which maps 3-D data to l-D data along 3-D Hilbert curve. However, 3-D Hilbert scan is the application limited to data in a cube region. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for generating 3-D pseudo-Hilbert curves in a cuboid region. Our algorithm is suitable for real-time processing and easy to implement in hardware, since it is a simple and non-recursive computation using look-up tables.