gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods of measuring the attenuation of hearing protection devices (1986)

The published literature describing three real-ear-attenuation-at-threshold (REAT), nine above-threshold, and four objective methods of measuring hearing protector attenuation is reviewed and analyzed with regard to the accuracy, practicality, and applicability of the various techniques. The analysis indicates that the REAT method is one of the most accurate available techniques since it assesses all of the sound paths to the occluded ear and, depending upon the experimenter's intention, can reflect actual in-use attenuation as well. An artifact in the REAT paradigm is that masking in the occluded ear due to physiological noise can spuriously increase low-frequency (less than or equal to 500 Hz) attenuation, although the error never exceeds approximately 5 dB, regardless of the device, except below 125 Hz. Since the preponderance of available data indicates that attenuation is independent of sound level for intentionally linear protectors, the use of above-threshold procedures to evaluate attenuation is not a necessity. An exception exists in the case of impulsive noises, for which the existing data are not unequivocal with regard to hearing protector response characteristics. Two of the objective methods (acoustical test fixture and microphone in real ear) are considerable time savers. All objective procedures are lacking in their ability to accurately determine the importance of the flanking bone-conduction paths, although some authors have incorporated this feature as a post-measurement correction. The microphone in real-ear approach is suggested to be one of the most promising for future standardization efforts and research purposes, and the acoustical test fixture technique is recommended (with certain reservations) for quality control and buyer acceptance testing.
Properties of (1− x )PZT– x SKN Ceramics Sintered at Low Temperature Using Li 2 CO 3 (2008)

The densification of a Sr, K, Nb (SKN)‐doped PZT ceramic has been modified using different flux chemistries. The most successful flux is Li 2 CO 3 of which a 0.9 mol% addition promotes almost complete densification at 900°C. Structure property relationships in the Li 2 CO 3 flux‐sintered (1− x )PZT– x SKN system (0.01&lt; x &lt;0.05) are compared with conventionally sintered material. Consequences of flux interactions include increased conductivity and a shift in the optimum (1− x )PZT– x SKN composition. The flux sintered PZT–0.03SKN composition exhibits a high field d 33 piezoelectric coefficient of 640 pm/V and a Curie temperature of ∼350°C. The unipolar polarization hysteresis loss is ∼23 kJ/m 3 and varies little with temperature up to 150°C. Finally, we demonstrate successful cofiring of a multilayer structure at 900°C using Li 2 CO 3 ‐fluxed PZT–SKN and pure silver electrodes.
CD226 opposes TIGIT to disrupt Tregs in melanoma (2018)

CD4+ Tregs impede T cell responses to tumors. They express multiple inhibitory receptors that support their suppressive functions, including T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT). In melanoma patients, we show that Tregs exhibit increased TIGIT expression and decreased expression of its competing costimulatory receptor CD226 as compared with CD4+ effector T cells, resulting in an increased TIGIT/CD226 ratio. Tregs failed to upregulate CD226 upon T cell activation. TIGIT+ Tregs are highly suppressive, stable, and enriched in tumors. TIGIT and CD226 oppose each other to augment or disrupt, respectively, Treg suppression and stability. A high TIGIT/CD226 ratio in Tregs correlates with increased Treg frequencies in tumors and poor clinical outcome upon immune checkpoint blockade. Altogether, our findings show that a high TIGIT/CD226 ratio in Tregs regulates their suppressive function and stability in melanoma. They provide the rationale for novel immunotherapies to activate CD226 in Tregs together with TIGIT blockade to counteract Treg suppression in cancer patients.
Ablation profiles for wavefront-guided correction of myopia and primary spherical aberration (2002)

Ocular aberrometry and corneal topography can be used to calculate ablations for the correction of ametropia and primary spherical aberration. Precise control of postoperative spherical aberration appears to be feasible in theory.
Evaluation of web 2.0 technologies for developing online telehealth systems (2012)

Telehealth and telecare applications are a promising technology for improving the quality of care while using healthcare resources more effectively. Major obstacles to a more widespread use are the high initial costs and a vendor specific design, which makes it difficult and expensive to add new functionalities. The Internet offers an opportunity to make telehealth applications more accessible, while also adding social aspects and the opportunity for third-party developers to add content. A preliminary user study confirmed that elderly are interested in such an application, and provided guidelines for the user interface design and required functionalities. In this paper, we evaluate technologies for developing online telehealth platforms, and present a first prototype which is extendable and has social networking capabilities. Our results show that a combination of open web standards such as OpenSocial and a CMS such as Drupal represents a suitable design. We illustrate the capabilities of our design and prototype by developing a memory game, which can be submitted by third party developers, similar to a Facebook application, and which utilises the social context of our telehealth application.
An active-caster drive system for motorizing a manual wheelchair (2013)

An external motorize system with an active-caster is presented in this paper. The external motorize system is for driving a manual (hand propelled) wheelchair by electric power by mounting the external device with electric motors, a set of batteries, a joystick and motor controllers on a manual wheelchair. In spite of a single drive wheel, 2DOF of the wheelchair with an active-caster drive system can be controlled independently without any constraint, such as the orientation of the drive wheel which is well known as a non-holonomic constraint. A kinematic model of the wheelchair and that with an active-caster drive system are analyzed and a control method for propelling the wheelchair by using a 2DOF joystick is derived. Based on the kinematic model, a prototype mechanism of the active-caster is designed and mounted on a manual wheelchair to realize the motorized manual wheelchair. In the experiments, the independent 2DOF motion can be achieved by the control of the active-caster in which the wheelchair shows successful translation and rotation motions which includes flip motion of the active-caster mechanism.
NOMAD (2014)

We develop an efficient parallel distributed algorithm for matrix completion, named NOMAD (Non-locking, stOchastic Multi-machine algorithm for Asynchronous and Decentralized matrix completion). NOMAD is a decentralized algorithm with non-blocking communication between processors. One of the key features of NOMAD is that the ownership of a variable is asynchronously transferred between processors in a decentralized fashion. As a consequence it is a lock-free parallel algorithm. In spite of being asynchronous, the variable updates of NOMAD are serializable, that is, there is an equivalent update ordering in a serial implementation. NOMAD outperforms synchronous algorithms which require explicit bulk synchronization after every iteration: our extensive empirical evaluation shows that not only does our algorithm perform well in distributed setting on commodity hardware, but also outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on a HPC cluster both in multi-core and distributed memory settings.
Water-soluble polymers bearing phosphorylcholine group and other zwitterionic groups for carrying DNA derivatives (2014)

Water-soluble polymers with equal positive and negative charges in the same monomer unit, such as the phosphorylcholine group and other zwitterionic groups, exhibit promising potential in gene delivery with appreciable transfection efficiency, compared with the traditional poly(ethylene glycol)-based polycation-gene complexes. These zwitterionic polymers with various architectural structures and properties have been synthesized by various polymerization methods, such as conventional radical polymerization, atom-transfer radical-polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. These techniques have been used to efficiently facilitate gene therapy by fabrication of non-viral vectors with high cytocompatibility, large gene-carrying capacity, effective cell-membrane permeability, and in vivo gene-loading/releasing functionality. Zwitterionic polymer-based gene delivery vectors systems can be categorized into soluble-polymer/gene mixing, molecular self-assembly, and polymer-gene conjugation systems. This review describes the preparation and characterization of various zwitterionic polymer-based gene delivery vectors, specifically water-soluble phospholipid polymers for carrying gene derivatives.
Robertsonian translocation as an acquired karyotypic abnormality in leukaemia (1997)

Robertsonian translocations, although relatively common as a constitutional genetic aberration, are rarely encountered in leukaemia. We report a case of acute myeloid leukaemia which showed an acquired Robertsonian translocation in the form of der(14;21) by cytogenetic analysis of leukaemic cells. This was confirmed by the PHA-stimulated culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A review of the literature identifies only eight reported cases of acquired Robertsonian translocations in leukaemia. In the majority of cases the Robertsonian translocation occurs as a secondary change in a complex abnormal clone, whereas in two out of nine patients reported, including ours, it is found as a sole karyotypic abnormality.
BH3 Mimetics for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies—Insights and Lessons from the Clinic (2020)

The discovery of the link between defective apoptotic regulation and cancer cell survival engendered the idea of targeting aberrant components of the apoptotic machinery for cancer therapy. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is tightly controlled by interactions amongst members of three distinct subgroups of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family of proteins. The pro-survival BCL2 proteins prevent apoptosis by keeping the pro-apoptotic effector proteins BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) in check, while the BH3-only proteins initiate apoptosis by either neutralizing the pro-survival BCL2 proteins or directly activating the pro-apoptotic effector proteins. This tripartite regulatory mechanism is commonly perturbed in B-cell malignancies facilitating cell death evasion. Over the past two decades, structure-based drug discovery has resulted in the development of a series of small molecules that mimic the function of BH3-only proteins called the BH3 mimetics. The most clinically advanced of these is venetoclax, which is a highly selective inhibitor of BCL2 that has transformed the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Other BH3 mimetics, which selectively target myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCLxL), are currently under investigation for use in diverse malignancies. Here, we review the current role of BH3 mimetics in the treatment of CLL and other B-cell malignancies and address open questions in this rapidly evolving field.
Changes in Colonic Mucosal Permeability in Mouse Colitis Induced with Dextran Sulfate Sodium. (1999)

In this study we examined changes in colonic mucosal permeability induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) during the acute phase of mouse colitis. To induce colitis, the mice were given drinking water containing 5% (w/v) DSS (MW = 40,000) ad libitum. Colonic mucosal permeability was evaluated by the permeation of Evans blue (EB) from the lumen into the wall of the colon on 1, 2, 3 and 7 days postadministration of DSS. Mucosal changes were also histologically examined daily for 7 days postadministration. The permeation of EB increased significantly by days 3 and 7 postadministration. Histological analysis showed that crypt loss was the initial change, with no inflammatory process and the surface mucosal epithelial cells remained morphologically intact. These histological changes developed on 2 to 3 days postadministration. Erosion was first recognized at 5 days postadministration. These findings indicated that the increase in colonic mucosal permeability may have occurred in 3 days postadministration, and the increase in mucosal permeability occurred before the appearance of the inflammatory process. This suggests that an increase in colonic mucosal permeability, leading to the destruction of mucosal barrier function, may play an important role in the induction of DSS-induced murine colitis.
Inorganic Phosphors (2004)

Inorganic Phosphors: Compositions, Preparation and Optical Properties addresses practical and theoretical aspects of inorganic phosphors used in lighting and display applications. Authors Yen and Weber present the synthesis of phosphors in a ...cookbook... style that features nearly 300 ...recipes... using the most up-to-date guidelines and methods
Effect of Pavement Foundation Materials on Rigid Pavement Response (2020)

Abstract Rigid pavements are increasingly becoming a primary pavement type for highways under heavy traffic loading due to their long service life and less frequent requirements for maintenance compared to flexible pavements. The behaviour of a rigid pavement during service life is affected by several parameters such as applied loading features, pavement properties, environmental effects, and pavement foundation properties, which must be taken into account in the analysis and design of rigid pavements. The pavement foundation consists of base, subbase, and subgrade layers, all of which play substantial roles in the long-term performance of the rigid pavement. With the development of computer capacity, the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) has become a widely utilized tool for analysis of concrete structures such as pavements as it overcomes the limitations of analytical solutions. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of pavement foundation characteristics on rigid pavement response using EverFE software. The parameters examined in this study included the thickness and properties of each layer of the pavement foundation. The analysis results revealed that, generally, stresses and settlements within rigid pavement are considerably reduced when a stiff or thick foundation is used. The analysis of results also showed that the tension bending stresses in the base layer decreased significantly with increases in the thickness of the base layer. It was also found that the addition of a subbase layer within the pavement foundation produced a significant reduction in the tension bending stresses in pavement and base layers with no in compression stresses in both layers noted.
Feeding the Low-Birth-Weight Infant III. Diet Influences Bile Acid Metabolism (1983)

Fasting duodenal bile acid concentrations and conjugation patterns were studied during the first 5 weeks of life in 65 low-birth-weight infants, 31 to 36 weeks of gestational age. One group was fed human milk. Approximately 55% of this milk was pooled, expressed, and pasteurized (62°C for 30 minutes), 35% was similarly treated milk from the infant's own mother, and the remainder (10%) was provided by breast-feeding. The other infants, from 3 days of age, were fed one of three formulas: an adapted formula (Fl), Fl supplemented with taurine (F2), or Fl supplemented with taurine and cholesterol (F3). The fasting intraluminal concentration of conjugated bile acids was higher in the infants fed human milk than in the infants fed formulas (F = 30.03, p &amp;lt; .001) reflecting the higher concentrations of all individual bile acids. No significant increase over time was found in the concentration of total bile acids in any feeding group. Chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations, however, increased significantly over time in the infants fed human milk (r = .286, P &amp;lt; .05). Thus, in the infants fed human milk, the ratio of cholates to chenodeoxycholates changed from 2.03 to 1.29 (P &amp;lt; .001), whereas it remained stable (2.61) in the groups fed formula. Tauroconjugated bile acids predominated until at least 5 weeks of life in all the infants fed human milk, F2, or F3. In the infants fed Fl, the concentration of glycoconjugates increased and that of tauroconjugates remained stable. Consequently, the ratio of glycine- to taurine-conjugated bile acids increased twofold, from 0.64 to 1.40 at 5 weeks of age. No further differences due to supplementation of formula with taurine plus cholesterol were found. Feeding human milk results in higher intraluminal concentrations of bile acids than does formulas. Dietary taurine, under the conditions of these studies, is not a limiting factor in the synthesis or secretion of tauroconjugated bile acids in the human preterm infant.
The transmission of mesomeric effects through palladium and platinum: pyridine proton shifts in complexes of the type trans-[PtCl(py)L] (1968)

In an attempt to distinguish inductive from mesomeric effects, pyridine proton chemical shifts in complexes of the type trans-[PtCl2(py)L] have been measured where the ligands L are alkyl-phosphines,-arsines,-stibines, sulphides, selenides and tellurides, and ethylene, also in the halide series trans-[PtX2py(PPrn3)2](X = Cl, Br, or l). These differ from pyridinium salts in showing smaller downfield shifts for the β- and γ-protons than for the α-protons, a possible diagnostic test for ‘class b’ metal ions. In the trans-[PtCl2(py)L] series of complexes the β-proton shifts are roughly constant, indicating that inductive and mesomeric effects are probably balanced and small at this position. A comparison of the shifts in the halide series reveals a trend to lower field with increasing electronegativity of X. However, all differences in the shifts are small and appear to have no quantitative significance as a measure of mesomeric effects, although the positive value of the differences between the downfield proton shifts at the γ position relative to the β suggests that mesomeric electron withdrawal does take place.
Paralogous HOX13 Genes in Human Cancers (2019)

Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of "spatio-temporal collinearity", with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3' end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5' end. The onset of 3' Hox gene activation is determined by Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, whereas 5' Hox activation is due to paralogous group 13 genes, which act as posterior-inhibitors of more anterior Hox proteins (posterior prevalence). Deregulation of HOX genes is associated with developmental abnormalities and different human diseases. Paralogous HOX13 genes (HOX A13, HOX B13, HOX C13 and HOX D13) also play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of paralogous HOX13 genes regarding their regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis and tumor progression and their use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Identification of a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Implicated in Splicing of Intron 1 of Mitochondrial nad7 Transcripts (2010)

Splicing of plant organellar transcripts is facilitated by members of a large protein family, the pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. We have identified a pentatricopeptide repeat protein in a genetic screen for mutants resistant to inhibition of root growth by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis and consequently named BIR6 (BSO-insensitive roots 6). BIR6 is involved in splicing of intron 1 of the mitochondrial nad7 transcript. Loss-of-function mutations in BIR6 result in a strongly reduced accumulation of fully processed nad7 transcript. This affects assembly of Complex I and results in moderate growth retardation. In agreement with disruption of Complex I function, the genes encoding alternative NADH oxidizing enzymes are induced in the mutant, and the mutant plants are less sensitive to mannitol and salt stress. Mutation in the BIR6 gene allowed normal root growth in presence of BSO and strongly attenuated depletion of glutathione content at these conditions. The same phenotype was observed with other mutants affected in function of Complex I, thus reinforcing the importance of Complex I function for cellular redox homeostasis.
Mechanical Strength of Nanoporous Graphene as a Desalination Membrane (2014)

Recent advances in the development of nanoporous graphene (NPG) hold promise for the future of water supply by reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. But while previous studies have highlighted the potential of NPG as an RO membrane, there is less understanding as to whether NPG is strong enough to maintain its mechanical integrity under the high hydraulic pressures inherent to the RO desalination process. Here, we show that an NPG membrane can maintain its mechanical integrity in RO but that the choice of substrate for graphene is critical to this performance. Using molecular dynamics simulations and continuum fracture mechanics, we show that an appropriate substrate with openings smaller than 1 μm would allow NPG to withstand pressures exceeding 57 MPa (570 bar) or ten times more than typical pressures for seawater RO. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NPG membranes exhibit an unusual mechanical behavior in which greater porosity may help the membrane withstand even higher pressures.
Baseline severity of depression predicts antidepressant drug response relative to escitalopram (2009)

Newer generation antidepressant medications clearly differ in their efficacy as a function of baseline symptom severity. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had superior efficacy in the treatment of more severe depression, perhaps attributable to differential efficacy related to symptoms of negativistic thinking.
A53 COMPLEMENTARY ROLE OF 111IN PENTETREOTIDE, 99MTC-MDP AND 123I-MIBG IN DETECTING CARCINOID BONE METASTASES (2005)

Gnanasegaran, G.; Rossiter, A.; Buscombe, J.R.; Caplin, M.E.; McCool, D.; Hilson, A.J.W. Author Information