gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive modelling of arteries (2010)

This review article is concerned with the mathematical modelling of the mechanical properties of the soft biological tissues that constitute the walls of arteries. Many important aspects of the mechanical behaviour of arterial tissue can be treated on the basis of elasticity theory, and the focus of the article is therefore on the constitutive modelling of the anisotropic and highly nonlinear elastic properties of the artery wall. The discussion focuses primarily on developments over the last decade based on the theory of deformation invariants, in particular invariants that in part capture structural aspects of the tissue, specifically the orientation of collagen fibres, the dispersion in the orientation, and the associated anisotropy of the material properties. The main features of the relevant theory are summarized briefly and particular forms of the elastic strain-energy function are discussed and then applied to an artery considered as a thick-walled circular cylindrical tube in order to illustrate its extension–inflation behaviour. The wide range of applications of the constitutive modelling framework to artery walls in both health and disease and to the other fibrous soft tissues is discussed in detail. Since the main modelling effort in the literature has been on the passive response of arteries, this is also the concern of the major part of this article. A section is nevertheless devoted to reviewing the limited literature within the continuum mechanics framework on the active response of artery walls, i.e. the mechanical behaviour associated with the activation of smooth muscle, a very important but also very challenging topic that requires substantial further development. A final section provides a brief summary of the current state of arterial wall mechanical modelling and points to key areas that need further modelling effort in order to improve understanding of the biomechanics and mechanobiology of arteries and other soft tissues, from the molecular, to the cellular, tissue and organ levels.
A collagen-associated Ehrlich chromogen: a pyrrolic cross-link? (1981)

Research Article| August 01 1981 A collagen-associated Ehrlich chromogen: a pyrrolic cross-link? J. E. Scott; J. E. Scott 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. W. Hughes; E. W. Hughes 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Shuttleworth A. Shuttleworth 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: July 10 1981 Online ISSN: 1573-4935 Print ISSN: 0144-8463 © 1981 The Biochemical Society1981 Biosci Rep (1981) 1 (8): 611–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01116276 Article history Received: July 10 1981 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. E. Scott, E. W. Hughes, A. Shuttleworth; A collagen-associated Ehrlich chromogen: a pyrrolic cross-link?. Biosci Rep 1 August 1981; 1 (8): 611–618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01116276 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBioscience Reports Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 The Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Computer Simulated Enhancement and Planning, Robotics and Navigation With Patient Specific Implants and 3-D Printed Cages (2022)

This consecutive series of 33 cases demonstrated the utility of measuring the preoperative middle column length in predicting the optimal height of the spacers, intervertebral disks, and posterior vertebral body height simultaneously restoring sagittal and coronal plane alignment.
Catalytic Membrane Reactors – Chemical Upgrading and Pollution Control (2011)

Abstract This article presents an overview on oxygen permeation, oxidative activation of light hydrocarbons and splitting of various molecules (H 2 O, N 2 O, NO x ) containing oxygen in a hollow fiber catalytic membrane reactor made of BaCo x Fe y Zr z O 3–δ (BCFZ, x + y + z = 1) which is used to separate oxygen from oxygen containing gases. Innovative reactor concepts are introduced and performances for the various applications are discussed. A detailed view is also given on the thermodynamic and kinetic background with regard to the above mentioned reactions. The potentials in terms of product intensification and energy saving by usage of the BCFZ hollow fibers as reaction vessels are evaluated. However, there are still technological challenges that prevent the described processes from being practiced on commercial scale by now.
Long-Term Treatment with Infliximab in Patients with Sarcoidosis (2011)

This retrospective study indicates that long-term infliximab is very efficient and safe in patients with chronic steroid-resistant sarcoidosis when assessed with individualized treatment targets. Patients with predominantly extrapulmonary sarcoidosis seem to profit more than patients with a predominantly pulmonary disease.
A tool for simulating neural models (2002)

SFINX, a simulation environment for modeling a wide spectrum of neural architectures with both regular and irregular connectivity patterns, is discussed. SFINX is not based on a specific neural paradigm; it supports a variety of computational models ranging from simple convolution filters such as difference-of-Gaussians receptive fields used in image processing to learning paradigms such as backward error propagation. SFINX's main components and data are described, and the representation of explicit and implicit networks is examined. An explicit network is a collection of data structures that contain information about each node in the network. The name implicit networks reflects the fact that a node's activation value, output value, etc., are all distributed across a set of buffer array data structures and that the connectivity information is stored inside the node function. A simulation example is given to illustrate the use of SFINX.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acquired Rifamycin Resistance with Twice-Weekly Treatment of HIV-related Tuberculosis (2005)

Intermittent rifabutin-based therapy for HIV-related TB was well tolerated, but there was a high risk of treatment failure or relapse with acquired rifamycin resistance among patients with low CD4 lymphocyte counts.
The HIV/AIDS vaccine research effort: an update. (2003)

The search for an HIV/AIDS vaccine is arguably one of the most urgent research priorities of our time. As HIV infection and clinical AIDS continue to challenge our best efforts in prevention and care globally and new epidemic foci develop in the huge populations of China Russia India and Nigeria the logic behind immunization strategies to contain HIV spread or to mitigate progression to AIDS grows ever stronger. Yet formidable obstacles face HIV vaccine researchers. While progress has been made in immunogenicity and the vaccine candidates evaluated thus far have had impressive safety profiles we do not have any evidence of efficacy with any candidate nor do we have a validated correlate of protection from HIV or AIDS. The field has changed rapidly in the last several years. The results of the world’s first efficacy evaluation of a preventive vaccine the AIDSVAXproduct of VaxGen will likely be available in early 2003 and will almost certainly galvanize further changes. Still clinicians researchers governments and communities at risk need realistic expectations of where the field is and what major barriers remain. In any discussion of HIV vaccines it is important to distinguish between the differing goals under investigation. The first is primary prevention of infection –often referred to as sterilizing immunity in which a vaccine is deployed in those who are seronegative with the goal of preventing establishment of HIV infection after exposure. This was the focus of many earlier constructs and it remains a key research target for many groups. Most of these efforts have focused on eliciting neutralizing antibodies for preventive efficacy and hence have focused on the HIV envelope gp120 or gp160. These then are peptide or protein subunit vaccine candidates. (excerpt)
A Liquid Metal Artificial Muscle (2021)

Artificial muscles possess a vast potential in accelerating the development of robotics, exoskeletons, and prosthetics. Although a variety of emerging actuator technologies are reported, they suffer from several issues, such as high driving voltages, large hysteresis, and water intolerance. Here, a liquid metal artificial muscle (LMAM) is demonstrated, based on the electrochemically tunable interfacial tension of liquid metal to mimic the contraction and extension of muscles. The LMAM can work in different solutions with a wide range of pH (0-14), generating actuation strains of up to 87% at a maximum extension speed of 15 mm s<sup>-1</sup> . More importantly, the LMAM only needs a very low driving voltage of 0.5 V. The actuating components of the LMAM are completely built from liquids, which avoids mechanical fatigue and provides actuator linkages without mechanical constraints to movement. The LMAM is used for developing several proof-of-concept applications, including controlled displays, cargo deliveries, and reconfigurable optical reflectors. The simplicity, versatility, and efficiency of the LMAM are further demonstrated by using it to actuate the caudal fin of an untethered bionic robotic fish. The presented LMAM has the potential to extend the performance space of soft actuators for applications from engineering fields to biomedical applications.
Designing systems of fiber reinforced pneumatic actuators using a pseudo-rigid body model (2017)

Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures (FREEs) are fundamental building blocks of pneumatic soft robots, with McKibben muscles as common examples. When a system of FREEs are arranged in a planar configuration, they undergo large bending deformations due to internal loads and moments. This paper models the bending behavior of FREEs using a modified three-spring Pseudo-Rigid Body (PRB) model, which is commonly used to capture large bending behavior of flexures. The springs of the PRB model are shown to effectively capture the axial and bending stiffness of contracting FREEs, while an internal force accounts for actuation due to internal pressurization. An optimization process is carried out to fit the PRB model parameters with the experimental response curve of different FREEs with varying length to diameter ratio and fiber angles. Unlike conventional models applied to compliant mechanisms, the model parameters are shown to depend on fluid pressure. The PRB model is used to demonstrate and analyze a pennate arrangement of contracting FREEs that exhibit variable gear ratio behavior. The pennate FREEs can serve as building blocks for the design of soft robots.
Towards automatic compositional performance analysis of component-based systems (2004)

To make predictive analysis an effective tool for component-based software development (CBSD), it should be, as much as possible: compositional , to allow the re-use of known information about the properties of existing components, and automatic , to keep the pace with the timeliness and cost-effectiveness promises of CBSD. Towards this end, focusing on the predictive analysis of performance properties, we define a simple language, based on an abstract component model, to describe a component assembly, outlining which information should be included in it to support compositional performance analysis. Moreover, we outline a mapping of the constructs of the proposed language to elements of the RT-UML Profile, to give them a precisely defined "performance semantics", and to get a starting point for the exploitation of proposed UML-based methodologies and algorithms for performance analysis.
Scaleup experiments on seeded batch cooling crystallization of potassium alum (1999)

Abstract Potassium alum was crystallized by natural cooling in two well‐mixed laboratory‐scale (12.2 L) and pilot‐scale (600 L) crystallizers. When unimodal product crystals of grown seeds were used, no scaleup effect on product crystal‐size distribution (CSD) was observed if enough seeds were loaded over a critical seed concentration. Cooling rate, crystal yield (crystal suspension density), and stirring condition do not seriously affect the product CSD under such a seeding condition. Low supersaturation peak caused by the growth of enough seeds, the short period of nucleation, and the agglomeration of nuclei to the growing seed crystals are considered to be mechanisms working to produce unimodal product crystals of grown seeds. Simple design calculations are demonstrated to determine the amount of seed with the help of a critical seed concentration, which can be determined easily from laboratory‐scale experiments. Crystallizer volume was calculated simply from a mass balance.
New inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Repurposing of existing drugs with deep learning (2021)

P38-alpha (MAPK14) is a protein kinase that is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of BAG3 P209L myofibrillar myopathy, cancers, Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of p38 has shown promise as treatment for these diseases. Traditional drug discovery methods were unable to create both effective and safe small molecule inhibitors, so we used machine learning to elucidate potential p38 blockers from existing FDA-approved drugs. Using available bioactivity data, we determined the best existing p38 inhibitors and applied fingerprint clustering to isolate the compounds with similar structures. Descriptors were calculated for these clustered compounds and the most important of these descriptors were determined through a machine-learning based feature selection algorithm. This data served as the training set for a deep neural network that was fine-tuned to a 92% validation accuracy. The neural network model was applied to a database of FDA-approved drugs, revealing 149 potential p38 inhibitors, whose efficacy were confirmed by docking simulations to be statistically significantly higher than random FDA drugs and slightly higher than known inhibitors. Our study not only reveals potential treatments for p38-mediated diseases but also demonstrates the capability of integrating various machine-learning techniques and computational algorithms to predict novel functions of existing pharmaceuticals.
Utilising the Wavelet Transform in Condition-Based Maintenance: A Review with Applications (2012)

Condition monitoring of machinery can be defined as the continuous or periodic measurement and interpretation of data in order to indicate the condition of an machine and determine the need for maintenance. Condition monitoring thus is primarily involved with the diagnostics of faults and failures and aims at an accurate and as early as possible fault detection. It is thus oriented towards an unscheduled preventive maintenance plan with continuous monitoring of the machinery as opposed to scheduled periodic maintenance. The possibility of failures of course cannot be diminished, but confident early diagnosis of incipient failures is extremely useful to avoid machinery breakdown and thus ensure a more cost-effective overall operation reducing equipment down-times. Industrial safety is also enhanced as catastrophic events are avoided when a maintenance-for-cause plan is followed.
Nanofiber Nerve Guide for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration (2013)

Abstract : The primary goal of this collaborative research project was to develop next generation engineered nerve guide conduits (NGCs) with aligned nanofibers and favorable release kinetics of neurotrophic factors to help improve surgical outcomes after injuries involving peripheral nerves. In the first two years of the work, we developed an improved version of the nanofiber NGCs with increased surface area of nanofibers and gradient loading of the neurotrophic factor GDNF (Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor). Furthermore, we evaluated their degradation rates in vivo. Next we tested the new nanofiber NGCs in vivo in rats to determine which combination of neurotrophic factors, surface modifications and nanofiber structures are better for peripheral nerve regeneration. Finally, once we identified the optimum combinations for new nanofiber NGCs using the rat peripheral nerve regeneration model, we evaluated the effects of such modifications in a large gap nerve repair in a large animal model using canine peroneal nerve. Our results show that relatively steep gradient of neurotrophic factor release, combined with longitudinally aligned nanofibers of a certain size organized in a S-shape conduit provide the best chance of improving peripheral nerve regeneration.
Lektion 14: Recycling im Extrusionsbetrieb (2017)

No AccessTechnologie der ExtrusionDec 2017Lektion 14: Recycling im ExtrusionsbetriebHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon FattmannHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon Fattmannhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446436947.014SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 183-196Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43693-0eISBN: 978-3-446-43694-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis of 2H, 3H and 14C labelled Sch 40120 (1994)

Abstract 2 H and 3 H labelled Sch 40120 were prepared by Pt catalysed exchange with isotopic water. D7‐Sch 40120 was obtained in two exchanges in 53% yield and 3 H‐Sch 40120 was prepared by a single exchange at a specific activity of 19.8 Ci/mmole. 14 C‐Sch 40120 was prepared in 4 steps from 14 C‐ m ‐chloro aniline in overall 16% radiochemical yield.
Association Between Circulating FGF21 Levels And Physical Activity In Abdominal Obese Adults (2020)

PURPOSE: Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased with abdominal obesity and may lead to the development of several chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Currently, the effect of daily physical activity on circulating FGF21 levels in abdominal obese adults is unclear. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between circulating FGF21 levels and physical activity in abdominal obese adults. METHODS: This study recruited 207 middle-aged and older adults and classified them as 160 non-obese and 47 abdominal obese adults according to their abdominal circumference (men: ≥ 85 cm, women: ≥ 90 cm). Circulating serum FGF21 levels were evaluated using the ELIZA methods. Daily physical activity levels were objectively assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer and categorized into light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS: Abdominal obese adults had a higher median value of serum FGF21 levels when compared with non-obese adults (102 pg/mL vs. 139 pg/mL, P = 0.006). Serum FGF21 levels were correlated negatively with the time spent in LPA (rs = −0.326, P = 0.025) and MVPA (rs = −0.349, P = 0.016) in abdominal obese adults, but not in non-obese adults. When the participants were divided into four groups according to abdominal obesity and physical activity status, the significant interaction was indicated between abdominal obesity and MVPA (F = 7.386, P = 0.007), but not LPA. Additionally, abdominal obese adults with higher MVPA levels had lower serum FGF21 levels (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the association between abdominal obesity, MVPA status and FGF21 levels remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, peak oxygen consumption, blood lipid and glucose, current smoking status, and using medications (F = 6.229, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum FGF21 concentration was inversely related to higher physical activity levels, particularly in abdominal obese adults. These findings suggest that daily MVPA is effective for decreasing serum FGF21 levels in middle-aged and older adults with abdominal obesity.
Nutrient biomarker patterns and cognitive decline in older adults (124.6) (2014)

We previously identified distinct nutrient biomarker patterns associated with both psychometric and neuroimaging indices of brain health in a cross‐sectional analysis of older adults. Those results propose that certain nutritional combinations influence global cognitive capacity, but also some relationships were more discrete and mapped to specific domains of cognition. The objective of this study was to determine if attention/working memory, episodic memory, and executive function decline is explained by nutrient biomarker patterns. Attention/Working memory (Digit Span Forward + Backward), episodic memory (CERAD) and executive function (Trails B + category fluency) Z scores were constructed. Nutrient biomarker pattern analysis of 30 biological markers of diet generated distinct nutrient biomarker patterns. Mixed‐effects estimated cognitive Z‐score change explained by the nutrient biomarker patterns. Eighty‐five non‐demented adults (53 women) with complete data had a mean age and duration of follow up of 86.4 (±10.4) and 4.6 (±1.8) years, respectively. One nutrient biomarker pattern representing a combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and pyridoxal 5‐phosphate was associated with less attention/working memory (AWM) decline after full adjustment (age, gender, education, ApoE genotype, hypertension, depression, baseline cognitive status, p=0.0099), however, these nutrients in isolation were not significant. Episodic memory and executive decline were not explained by the nutrient biomarker patterns. NBP analysis is one fruitful strategy for assessing the relationship between nutritional combinations and cognitive aging. These results suggest that long chain n‐3 PUFAs, vitamins D and B6 can jointly, but not independently prevent age‐related AWM decline. These results also highlight that indeed some aspects of cognition appear more sensitive to nutritional influence than others. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NCCAM AT004777 (GLB) NIA AG043398 (GLB), NIA‐AG08017 (JAK)
The emergence of biotechnology-related industries in Mexico (2013)

Este trabajo analiza el surgimiento de las industrias relacionadas a la biotecnología en México. Se asume que hay tres rasgos importantes para estudiar estos procesos: (1) la biotecnología no puede ser entendida como un solo sector o industria; (2) las nuevas empresas biotecnológicas han surgido de la revolución biotecnológica; (3)una parte importante de la investigación biotecnológica se lleva a cabo en laboratorios públicos y universidades. El trabajo concluye discutiendo la importancia del financiamiento público para desarrollar un sector competitivo de empresas ligadas a la biotecnología.