gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical PET Imaging of NTSR-1-Positive Tumors with 64 Cu- and 68 Ga-DOTA-Neurotensin Analogs and Therapy with an 225 Ac-DOTA-Neurotensin Analog (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of the study was to perform PET imaging and radiotherapy with a novel neurotensin derivative for neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR-1)-positive tumors in an animal model. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A di-DOTA analog of NT(6-13) with three unnatural amino acids was synthesized and radiolabeled with either <sup>64</sup>Cu or <sup>68</sup>Ga and tested for serum stability and tumor imaging in mice bearing NTSR-1-positive PC3, and HT29 xenografts. A dose-response therapy study was performed with 18.5, 37, and 74 kBq of <sup>225</sup>Ac-di-DOTA-α,ɛ-Lys-NT(6-13). <b><i>Results:</i></b> <sup>68</sup>Ga-di-DOTA-α,ɛ-Lys-NT(6-13) was >99% stable in serum for 48 h, had an IC<sub>50</sub> of 5 nM using <sup>125</sup>I labeled NT(8-13) for binding to HT-29 cells, and high uptake in tumor models expressing NTSR-1. <sup>68</sup>Ga-di-DOTA-α,ɛ-Lys-NT(6-13) had an average %ID/g (<i>n</i> = 4) at 2 h of 4.0 for tumor, 0.5 for blood, 12.0 for kidney, and <1 for other tissues, resulting in a favorable T/B of 8. Mean survivals of tumor-bearing mice treated with 18.5 or 37 kBq of <sup>225</sup>Ac-di-DOTA-α,ɛ-Lys-NT(6-13) were 81 and 93 d, respectively, versus 53 d for controls. Whole-body toxicity was seen for the 74 kBq dose. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Based on the results of the animal model, di-DOTA-α,ɛ-Lys-NT(6-13) is a useful imaging agent for NTSR-1-positive tumors when radiolabeled with <sup>68</sup>Ga, and when radiolabeled with <sup>225</sup>Ac, a potent therapeutic agent.
Voltage-tunable piezoelectrically-transduced single-crystal silicon resonators on SOI substrate (2003)

This paper reports on a new class of high-Q single crystal silicon (SCS) resonators that are piezoelectrically actuated and sensed, and have voltage-tunable center frequencies. The resonating element is made out of the SCS device layer of a SOI wafer. In a unique manner, piezoelectric transduction was integrated with capacitive fine-tuning of the resonator center frequencies to compensate for any process variations. A quality factor of 6,200 was measured for the 1.7 MHz 1st resonance mode of a clamped-clamped beam resonator in 50 m Torr vacuum. A 200 /spl mu/m long, 4.2 /spl mu/m thick beam was operated in its higher order modes and demonstrated a Q of 5,300, 3,000, and 2,400 in its 3rd (3.3 MHz), 4th (4.9 MHz), and 5th (6.7 MHz) flexural modes, respectively. A 6 k Hz tuning range was measured for a 719 kHz resonator by applying a DC voltage in the range of 0-20 V.
The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: A historical review and current concepts (1993)

The origin of ramified microglia has been a longstanding controversial issue, with 4 major schools of thought, which state that they are derived (1) from invasion of mesodermal pial elements, (2) from neuroectodermal matrix cells together with the macroglia, (3) from pericytes, and (4) from invasion of monocytes in early development. This paper is in support of the last-mentioned hypothesis. It is known that ramified microglial cells do not divide under normal circumstances, and since our studies in the corpus callosum have shown that these cells do not appear until the fifth postnatal day, it is reasoned that they must be derived from some preexisting mitotically active cells. The putative precursor is the preponderant amoeboid microglia in the same region. Our experimental studies with the carbon labelling technique have demonstrated for the first time that blood monocytes invade into the early postnatal brain to become amoeboid microglia, which then differentiate into ramified microglia. Just like other tissue macrophages, the monocyte-derived amoeboid microglia exhibit features indicative of phagocytic activities. These include the content of hydrolytic enzymes, uptake of carbon, and a characteristic surface morphology, as seen by scanning electron microscopy. The transformation of amoeboid microglia into ramified microglia, which occurs between the second and third postnatal week, is considered to be a regressive phenomenon, as shown by the diminution of their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the downregulation of membrane antigen. Apart from their primary role as active phagocytes, their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evidenced recently by the fact that the cells are specifically marked by antibodies present in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. In conclusion, ramified microglial cells are derived from monocytes, but through an intermediate amoeboid microglia stage as active macrophages in the perinatal period.
Intratumor heterogeneity and T cell exhaustion in primary CNS lymphoma (2022)

Malignant B cells in PCNSL show transcriptional and spatial intratumor heterogeneity. T cell exhaustion is frequent in the PCNSL microenvironment, co-localizes with malignant cells, and highlights the potential of personalized treatments.
Complement activation, circulating protease inhibitors and pregnancy‐associated proteins in severe preeclampsia (1986)

Circulating protease inhibitors, pregnancy-associated proteins and the split product of complement factor 3 (C3d) were measured in 14 women with severe pre-eclampsia and their matched controls. Only the mean levels of antithrombin III were observed to be significantly lower in pre-eclampsia (P less than 0.02).
Tunable 3–6 THz Polariton Laser Exceeding 0.1 mW Average Output Power Based on Crystalline RbTiOPO 4 (2018)

We report a diode-pumped, intracavity THz laser source based on stimulated polariton scattering in crystalline RbTiOPO4 using a surface-emitting configuration. The system was continuously tunable in four regions, from 3.05 to 3.16 THz, from 3.50 to 4.25 THz, from 4.57 to 4.75 THz, and from 5.40 to 5.98 THz. The laser delivered 124.7 μW average output power at 4.10 THz for only 6.0 W diode pump power at 808 nm, corresponding to a diode-to-THz conversion efficiency of 2.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> . The horizontal and vertical beam quality parameters were M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <;1.6 and M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <;1.1 and the linewidth of the terahertz field was 28 GHz at 4.10 THz. The results demonstrate that the surface-emitting configuration is a very efficient technique to produce high-power THz laser sources with frequency-tunable output suitable for real-world applications.
HATS-71b: A Giant Planet Transiting an M3 Dwarf Star in TESS Sector 1 (2020)

Abstract We report the discovery of HATS-71b, a transiting gas giant planet on a day orbit around a mag M3 dwarf star. HATS-71 is the coolest M dwarf star known to host a hot Jupiter. The loss of light during transits is 4.7%, more than in any other confirmed transiting planet system. The planet was identified as a candidate by the ground-based HATSouth transit survey. It was confirmed using ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging, as well as space-based photometry from the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TIC 234523599). Combining all of these data, and utilizing Gaia DR2, we find that the planet has a radius of and mass of (95% confidence upper limit of ), while the star has a mass of and a radius of .
Discovery of MK‐0457 (VX‐680) (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Early Medicinal Chemistry First Crystal Structures First in vivo Experiments The Discovery of MK-0457 (VX-680) Insights into Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationships MK-0457 (VX-680) and ABL Other Aurora Inhibitors Summary Acknowledgment References
A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Balapiravir, a Polymerase Inhibitor, in Adult Dengue Patients (2012)

NCT01096576.
[Yield of blood cultures in relation to the cultured blood volume in Bactec 6A bottles]. (1997)

We have proved that the rate of recoveries from Bactec 6A bottles increased with the volume of cultured blood. In untreated patients, this increase is maintained up to volumes of 7 to 10 ml.
SNARE Zippering Is Suppressed by a Conformational Constraint that Is Removed by v-SNARE Splitting (2021)

Intracellular vesicle fusion is catalyzed by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Vesicle-anchored v-SNAREs pair with target membrane-associated t-SNAREs to form trans-SNARE complexes, releasing free energy to drive membrane fusion. However, trans-SNARE complexes are unable to assemble efficiently unless activated by Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. Here, we demonstrate that SNAREs become fully active when the v-SNARE is split into two fragments, eliminating the requirement of SM protein activation. Mechanistically, v-SNARE splitting accelerates the zippering of trans-SNARE complexes, mimicking the stimulatory function of SM proteins. Thus, SNAREs possess the full potential to drive efficient membrane fusion but are suppressed by a conformational constraint. This constraint is removed by SM protein activation or v-SNARE splitting. We suggest that ancestral SNAREs originally evolved to be fully active in the absence of SM proteins. Later, a conformational constraint coevolved with SM proteins to achieve the vesicle fusion specificity demanded by complex endomembrane systems.
Rab3 Proteins Involved in Vesicle Biogenesis and Priming in Embryonic Mouse Chromaffin Cells (2010)

The four Rab3 paralogs A-D are involved in exocytosis, but their mechanisms of action are hard to study due to functional redundancy. Here, we used a quadruple Rab3 knockout (KO) (rab3a, rab3b, rab3c, rab3d null, here denoted as ABCD(-/-) ) mouse line to investigate Rab3 function in embryonic mouse adrenal chromaffin cells by electron microscopy and electrophysiological measurements. We show that in cells from ABCD(-/-) animals large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) are less abundant, while the number of morphologically docked granules is normal. By capacitance measurements, we show that deletion of Rab3s reduces the size of the releasable vesicle pools but does not alter their fusion kinetics, consistent with an altered function in vesicle priming. The sustained release component has a sigmoid shape in ABCD(-/-) cells when normalized to the releasable pool size, indicating that vesicle priming follows at a higher rate after an initial delay. Rescue experiments showed that short-term (4-6 h) overexpression of Rab3A or Rab3C suffices to rescue vesicle priming and secretion, but it does not restore the number of secretory vesicles. We conclude that Rab3 proteins play two distinct stimulating roles for LDCV fusion in embryonic chromaffin cells, by facilitating vesicle biogenesis and stabilizing the primed vesicle state.
EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON PALATABILITY OF BEEF, LAMB AND GOAT MEAT (1977)

ABSTRACT The effect of electrical stimulation (100 volts, 5 amps for approx 84–100 set) of beef, lamb and goat carcasses on meat palatability was evaluated. Twenty‐nine steers, 14 lambs and 11 goats were slaughtered, split into sides and one side from each carcass was electrically‐stimulated immediately before chilling by use of a commercial stunning device. Taste panel evaluation and Warner‐Bratzler shear values indicated that longissimus muscle samples from electrically stimulated sides of all three species were significantly more tender than samples from the untreated sides. Tenderness ratings for samples from the legs of lamb and goat carcasses indicated that the differences between treated and control samples were not of the same magnitude as those for samples of the longissimus. Flavor ratings for samples from electrically stimulated sides were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) for beef; however, no significant differences were observed between samples from treated and cqntrol sides of lamb and goat carcasses. These data suggest that electrical stimulation can be utilized to improve the tenderness of beef, lamb and goat carcasses.
Adaptive Delta Modulation with Delayed Decision (1974)

A class of adaptive schemes for delta modulation is considered whereby the decision about step size is a function of the present and the last <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> symbols. Such schemes are studied by computer simulations using speech-like signals through evaluation of SNR. Occasional large overshoots appear in the reconstructed signal after the integrater, and to avoid such events it is proposed to store a few signal samples and decide on the proper bit stream taking into account the adaptive logic. Two quadratic criteria have been tried, and improvements of a few decibels have been established with six stored signal samples and a sampling rate of 48 and 24 kHz. Results indicate that other criteria functions may achieve still higher values of SNR.
Improved dispersibility of once-dried cellulose nanofibers in the presence of glycerol (2018)

Abstract To investigate the dispersibility of dried cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), various additions (glycerol, octanol, glycol, and sodium perchlorate) were added to CNFs prior to drying. Glycerol was the only species to show any significant effect on re-dispersibility. The sedimentation was slower, and the transmittance of the solution was comparable to that of its undried counterpart. Increasing the amount of glycerol showed a clear trend with regard to dispersibility. The mechanical properties of films were maintained for samples that were dried and redispersed in the presence of glycerol.
A Steered-Response Power Algorithm Employing Hierarchical Search for Acoustic Source Localization Using Microphone Arrays (2014)

The localization of a speaker inside a closed environment is often approached by real-time processing of multiple audio signals captured by a set of microphones. One of the leading related methods for sound source localization, the steered-response power (SRP), searches for the point of maximum power over a spatial grid. High-accuracy localization calls for a dense grid and/or many microphones, which tends to impractically increase computational requirements. This paper proposes a new method for sound source localization (called H-SRP), which applies the SRP approach to space regions instead of grid points. This arrangement makes room for the use of a hierarchical search inspired by the branch-and-bound paradigm, which is guaranteed to find the global maximum in anechoic environments and shown experimentally to also work under reverberant conditions. Besides benefiting from the improved robustness of volume-wise search over point-wise search as to reverberation effects, the H-SRP attains high performance with manageable complexity. In particular, an experiment using a 16-microphone array in a typical presentation room yielded localization errors of the order of 7 cm, and for a given fixed complexity, competing methods' errors are two to three times larger.
Studies on bacterial cell wall inhibitors. VII. Azureomycins A and B, new antibiotics produced by Pseudonocardia azurea nov. sp. Taxonomy of the producing organism, isolation, characterization and biological properties. (1979)

Two new basic water-soluble antibiotics, azureomycins A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete, strain AM-3696, designated as Pseudonocardia azurea nov. sp. The antibiotics exhibit moderate antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria including penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and Clostridium. They inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan.
Efficacy and Safety of Multilayer, Extended-Release Methylphenidate (PRC-063) in Children 6–12 Years of Age with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Laboratory Classroom Study (2020)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the safety and efficacy of PRC-063, a once-daily, multilayer, extended-release (ER) formulation of methylphenidate (MPH) hydrochloride, in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, dose-optimized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Boys and girls aged 6-12 years diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled. During a 6-week, open-label, dose-optimization phase, subjects began treatment at 25 mg/day of PRC-063 and were titrated until an optimal dose (maximum 85 mg/day) was reached. During the double-blind period, subjects were randomized to receive treatment with their optimal dose of PRC-063 or placebo for 1 week. Efficacy was assessed in a laboratory classroom setting on the final day of the double-blind treatment using the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham (SKAMP) Rating Scale and Permanent Product Measure of Performance (PERMP). Safety was assessed measuring adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and electrocardiograms. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study was completed by 147 subjects. In the primary efficacy analysis, significant improvements were demonstrated with PRC-063 versus placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) when SKAMP-Combined scores were averaged over the 13-hour full-day laboratory classroom (least squares mean difference = -8.6, 95% confidence interval = -10.6 to -6.6). Mean average PERMP-Total scores were also significantly improved with PRC-063 versus placebo at all time points postdose (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The onset of treatment effect was present by 1-hour postdose (the first time point measured) and duration of efficacy was up to and including 13 hours postdose. AEs reported in ≥5% of subjects during the dosing optimization period were decreased appetite, abdominal pain upper, affect lability, weight decreased, headache, irritability, and insomnia. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PRC-063 was effective in improving attention and reducing symptoms of ADHD versus placebo and had a rapid onset and extended duration of effect. AEs were consistent to those reported with other ER MPH treatments. Clinical Trial Registry: NCT03172481.
Why nearly all PET of abdominal and pelvic cancers will be performed as PET/CT. (2004)

PET/CT allows for the accurate localization of foci of radiotracer uptake and their separation from normal structures. In our experience, the method is quantitatively accurate, rapid, and easily implemented, including contrast studies, in clinical practice in a wide range of abdominopelvic indications. Although artifacts can occur from a variety of causes, close attention to protocol details and patient immobilization reduces their frequency. Where systematically studied, PET/CT improves diagnostic accuracy compared with PET alone. It is anticipated that PET/CT will increasingly become the routine and preferred procedure for abdominopelvic evaluations with PET imaging. It has already become the preferred method at our center.
Space Vector Modulation Strategies for Self-Sensing Three-Phase Radial Active Magnetic Bearings (2019)

The focus of this study lies on the investigation of the space vector modulation of a self-sensing three-phase radial active magnetic bearing. The determination of the rotor position information is performed by a current slope-based inductance measurement of the actuator coils. Therefore, a special pulse width modulation sequence is applied to the actuator coils by a conventional three-phase inverter. The choice of the modulation type is not unique and provides degrees of freedom for different modulation patterns, which are described in this work. For a self-sensing operation of the bearing, certain constraints of the space vector modulation must be considered. The approach of a variable space vector modulation is investigated to ensure sufficient dynamic in the current control as well as the suitability for a self-sensing operation with an accurate rotor position acquisition. Therefore, different space vector modulation strategies are considered in theory as well as proven in experiments on a radial magnetic bearing prototype. Finally, the performance of the self-sensing space vector modulation method is verified by an external position measurement system.
Allosteric regulation of the partitioning of glucose-1-phosphate between glycogen and trehalose biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

This work increases our understanding of oligo and polysaccharides metabolism in M. tuberculosis and reinforces the importance of the interconnection between glycogen and trehalose biosynthesis in this human pathogen.
The design of sigma-delta modulation analog-to-digital converters (1988)

The author examines the practical design criteria for implementing oversampled analog/digital converters based on second-order sigma-delta ( Sigma Delta ) modulation. Behavioral models that include representation of various circuit impairments are established for each of the functional building blocks comprising a second-order Sigma 2gD modulator. Extensive simulations based on these models are then used to establish the major design criteria for each of the building blocks. As an example, these criteria are applied to the design of a modulator that has been integrated in a 3- mu m CMOS technology. An experimental prototype operates from a single 5-V supply, dissipates 12 mW, occupies an area of 0.77 mm/sup 2/, and has achieved a measured dynamic range of 89 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automatic lane detection and navigation using pattern matching mode (2007)

Abstract:- Automatic navigation for autonomous vehicle requires information of outdoor surroundings, especially information of the road. Such system must acknowledge the changing of environment to achieve significant and consistent road information. This paper presents automatic lane detection and navigation using pattern matching model. The parabola model is deployed for lane modeling and lane type classification with optimal parameters. The proposed system shows desirable performance for lane detection and classification. It is also less sensitive to unexpected conditions such as noise in the image, shadow, and obscured lane.
Efficiency-optimized monolithic frequency stabilization of high-power diode lasers (2012)

Abstract High-power GaAs-based diode lasers produce optical energy with extremely high efficiencies, but their spectrum is too broad for many applications (4–5 nm with 95% power content). Narrow spectra (&lt;1 nm) can be achieved using monolithically integrated gratings and recent advances in semiconductor technology have largely eliminated the losses associated with this step. However, it remains challenging to develop designs that simultaneously achieve high power, high efficiencies and narrow spectra over a wide operation range. We review here the design choices necessary for optimized performance, using 975 nm broad-area lasers with uniform overgrown distributed feedback (DFB) gratings as a worked example, focusing on the role of the grating coupling strength. The steps necessary to minimize losses in the grating region are also reviewed. In addition, we show that special measures are needed to sustain narrow spectra in broad-area DFB lasers as they can support multiple longitudinal, lateral and vertical modes.