gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD95 Is Part of a Let-7/p53/miR-34 Regulatory Network (2012)

The death receptor CD95 (APO-1/Fas) mediates apoptosis induction upon ligation by its cognate ligand CD95L. Two types of CD95 signaling pathways have been identified, which are characterized by the absence (Type I) or presence (Type II) of mitochondrial involvement. Micro(mi)RNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. They are important regulators of differentiation processes and are found frequently deregulated in many human cancers. We recently showed that Type I cells express less of the differentiation marker miRNA let-7 and, hence, likely represent more advanced tumor cells than the let-7 high expressing Type II cells. We have now identified miR-34a as a selective marker for cells that are sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Both CD95 and miR-34a are p53 target genes, and consequently, both the sensitivity of cancer cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis and the ability to respond to p53 mediated DNA genotoxic stress are linked. Interestingly, while miR-34a was found to positively correlate with the ability of cells to respond to genotoxic stress, let-7 was negatively correlated. The expression level of CD95 inversely correlated with the expression of let-7 suggesting regulation of let-7 expression by CD95. To test a link between p53 and miR-34a, we altered the expression of CD95. This affected the ability of cells to activate p53 and to regulate miR-34a. Our data point to a novel regulatory network comprising p53, CD95, let-7, and miR-34a that affects cancer cell survival, differentiation, and sensitivity to apoptotic signals. The possible relevance of this regulatory network for cancer stem cells is discussed.
Partial Relay Selection for Hybrid RF/FSO Systems with Hardware Impairments (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the performance analysis of dual hop relaying system consisting of asymmetric Radio Frequency (RF)/Free Optical Space (FSO) links. The RF channels follow a Rayleigh distribution and the optical links are subject to Gamma-Gamma fading. We also introduce impairments to our model and we suggest Partial Relay Selection (PRS) protocol with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) fixed gain relaying. The benefits of employing optical communication with RF, is to increase the system transfer rate and thus improving the system bandwidth. Many previous research attempts assuming ideal hardware (source, relays, etc.) without impairments. In fact, this assumption is still valid for low-rate systems. However, these hardware impairments can no longer be neglected for high-rate systems in order to get consistent results. Novel analytical expressions of outage probability and ergodic capacity of our model are derived taking into account ideal and non- ideal hardware cases. Furthermore, we study the dependence of the outage probability and the system capacity considering, the effect of the correlation between the outdated CSI (Channel State Information) and the current source-relay link, the number of relays, the rank of the selected relay and the average optical Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) over weak and strong atmospheric turbulence. We also demonstrate that for a non- ideal case, the end-to-end Signal to Noise plus Distortion Ratio (SNDR) has a certain ceiling for high SNR range. However, the SNDR grows infinitely for the ideal case and the ceiling caused by impairments no longer exists. Finally, numerical and simulation results are presented.
Characterizing single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs): a critical survey (2017)

We provide the results of a critical literature survey on the reported sizes of single chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) employing different techniques.
Low-cycle fatigue testing on strain-aged steel reinforcing bars (2020)

During earthquakes, steel reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete structures may be subjected to large&#13;\ninelastic deformation in tension and compression as high as 6% strain, eventually leading to low-cycle fatigue&#13;\nfailure (Mander, Panthaki, &amp; Kasalanati, 1994). This was observed in laboratory testing and post-earthquake&#13;\ndamage inspections including during the Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand (NZ) (see Figure 1&#13;\nand Figure 2) (El-Bahy, Kunnath, Stone, &amp; Taylor, 1999b; El-Bahy, Kunnath, Stone, &amp; Taylor, 1999a;&#13;\nPalermo et al., 2017). Earthquakes are usually preceded and/or followed by other events of larger or smaller&#13;\nintensity; longitudinal steel failures may not occur during a first event, but in a subsequent one due to the&#13;\ncumulative damage. Seismic events can also occur several months apart and during this period, if the steel&#13;\nhas experienced any post-yielding deformation during the first event, strain ageing takes place, modifying&#13;\nthe mechanical properties of the material. In this document, fatigue lives for unaged and aged 12-mm&#13;\ndiameter NZ-manufactured Grade 300E reinforcing bars are compared.
Reduction Kinetics of Zeolite-Hosted Mono- and Polynuclear Titanium Oxide Species Followed by UV/Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy:  Influence of Location and Coordination (1998)

The kinetics of the reversible reduction of faujasite-hosted mononuclear titanium oxide species prepared by reaction of dehydrated zeolites with TiCl4 at different temperatures are (i) evaluated recording the intensity of an absorption band of Ti(III) species at 16 200 cm-1 by UV/vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy and (ii) compared to those of faujasite-hosted polynuclear titanium oxide species, titanosilicates, and bulk anatase. The reduction kinetics of mononuclear Ti(IV)Ox species could be fitted assuming the existence of three types of Ti sites, one being located at the surface of the zeolite NaY crystals and two inside the void structure. The distributions of Ti, i.e., the ratios Tisurface/Tibulk, resulting from this fit agree with those obtained from photoelectron spectra. The reduction rates for different Ti(IV)Ox species increase with increasing excitation energy of the O → Ti charge transfer, i.e., increasing deviation from octahedral symmetry, and decrease with increasing nuclearity of titanium oxide clusters. The response time of the mononuclear Ti(IV)Ox species toward reduction to Ti(III) is shortened by a factor of 60 in comparison to bulk TiO2. Titanium tetrahedrally coordinated in framework positions in TS-1 cannot be reduced.
Chemistry of Iron Sulfides in Sedimentary Environments (1995)

Recent advances in understanding the chemistry of iron sulfides in sedimentary environments are beginning to shed more light on the processes involved in the global sulfur cycle. Pyrite may be formed via at least three routes including the reaction of precursor sulfides with polysulfides, the progressive solid-state oxidation of precursor iron sulfides and the oxidation of iron sulfides by hydrogen sulfide. The kinetics and mechanism of the polysulfide pathway are established and those of the H2S oxidation pathway are being investigated. Preliminary considerations suggest that the relative rates of the three pathways are H2S oxidation > polysulfide pathway > > solid-state oxidation. The kinetics and mechanisms of iron(II) monosulfide formation suggest the involvement of iron bisulfide complexes in the pathway and iron bisulfide complexes have now been identified by voltammetry and their stabililty constants measured. The framboidal texture commonly displayed by sedimentary pyrite appears to be an extreme example of mosaicity in crystal growth. Framboidal pyrite is produced through the H2S oxidation reaction. Frontier molecular orbital calculations are beginning to provide theoretical underpinning of the reaction mechanisms. Recent progress in understanding iron sulfide chemistry is leading to questions regarding the degree of involvement of precursor iron sulfides in the formation of pyrite in sediments. Spin-offs from the work are addressing problems relating to the involvement of iron sulfides in the origin of life, the nature of metastability, the mechanism of precipitation reactions and the use of iron sulfides in advanced materials.
Global stroke statistics (2016)

Background Up to date data on incidence, mortality, and case-fatality for stroke are important for setting the agenda for prevention and healthcare. Aims and/or hypothesis We aim to update the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country, and to expand the scope to case-fatality and explore how registry data might be complementary. Methods Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an updated literature review building from our previous review and (2) direct acquisition and analysis of stroke events in the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each country providing these data. To assess new and/or updated data on incidence, we searched multiple databases to identify new original papers and review articles that met ideal criteria for stroke incidence studies and were published between 15 May 2013 and 31 May 2016. For data on case-fatality, we searched between 1980 and 31 May 2016. We further screened reference lists and citation history of papers to identify other studies not obtained from these sources. Mortality codes for ICD-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10 were extracted. Using population denominators provided for each country, we calculated both the crude mortality from stroke and mortality adjusted to the WHO world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the WHO for which both population and mortality data were available. Results Fifty-one countries had data on stroke incidence, some with data over many time periods, and some with data in more than one region. Since our last review, there were new incidence studies from 12 countries, with four meeting pre-determined quality criteria. In these four studies, the incidence of stroke, adjusted to the WHO World standard population, ranged from 76 per 100,000 population per year in Australia (2009–10) up to 119 per 100,000 population per year in New Zealand (2011–12), with the latter being in those aged at least 15 years. Only in Martinique (2011–12) was the incidence of stroke greater in women than men. In countries either lacking or with old data on stroke incidence, eight had national clinical registries of hospital based data. Of the 128 countries reporting mortality data to the WHO, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003), Bulgaria, and Greece. Crude mortality and crude incidence of stroke were both positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 years, but not with time. Data on case-fatality were available in 42 studies in 22 countries, with large variations between regions. Conclusions In this updated review, we describe the current data on stroke incidence, case-fatality and mortality in different countries, and highlight the growing trend for national clinical registries to provide estimates in lieu of community-based incidence studies.
Reaction kinetics and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Yttrium‐Containing Metal Hydride Electrodes (1999)

This is a study of electrode degradation mechanisms and reaction kinetics of , ( x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and metal hydride electrodes. Alloy characterization included X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption (XAS), hydrogen absorption in a Sieverts apparatus, and electrochemical cycling of alloy electrodes. The atomic volume of H was determined for two of the alloys. Electrochemical kinetic measurements were made using steady‐state galvanostatic measurements, galvanodynamic sweeep, and electrochemical impedance techniques. XAS was used to examine the degree of corrosion of the alloys with cycling. Alloying with Y decreased the corrosion rate. The results are consistent with corrosion inhibition by a Y‐containing passive film. The increase in the exchange current density of the hydrogen oxidation reaction with increasing depth of discharge was much greater on the Y‐containing alloys. This may be due to the dehydriding of the catalytic species on the surface of the metal hydride particles. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Nonsinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of Literature (2010)

Abstract Objective To describe three patients with nonsinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSNEC) of the head and neck and present a systematic review of literature. Study design Retrospective chart review Methods Three patients with pathologically proven NSNEC of the head-neck who presented to our institution were identified. Relevant demographic, clinic-pathological, and radiological data was recorded. A web-based search was conducted to identify relevant scientific literature on “neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the head and neck” and a systematic review of literature is presented. Results Two female and one male patient aged 44 to 66 years presented to our service with NEC of the supraglottis (2/3), and of the thymus (1/3). Diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining such as Ki-67, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and also with octreotide scanning. The first case, a T4bN0M0 large cell NEC of the thymus with tracheal invasion received conservative airway management and emergent radiotherapy. The second case, moderately differentiated NEC of the supraglottis was managed with a laser supraglottic laryngectomy followed by adjuvant treatment. The third case, a laryngeal NEC was treated with chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions NSNEC of the head and neck are extremely rare tumors with variability in clinical presentation that present challenges in diagnosis and treatment planning. Consideration of the histological subtype and staining characteristics of the individual tumor, accurate diagnosis, and classification of the tumor is vital in order to tailor therapeutic intervention.
Reed-Solomon feasibility in mobile transport (2009)

Forward error corrections have taken much attention lately due the invention of the patented LT- and Raptor-codes. With these new class of forward error corrections, it is possible to encode and decode data in linear running time. Reed-Solomon however is relatively slow to calculate both on the encoding and decoding side. But Reed-Solomon has it's own benefits: it's free of patents, several implementations exists and it does not need more redundant data than the erasure percentage, so it performs optimally when we consider network usage. In this paper we evaluate the Reed-Solomon algorithm usage for mobile device transport protocols. Paper presents comprehensive analysis of speed and energy consumption of the Reed-Solomon in mobile device. There is also analysis of memory usage and algorithm requirements for the protocol. Our results shows that it is possible to use Reed-Solomon scheme as a transport layer erasure correction even on mobile phones without special-purpose hardware.
Upwelling as the major source of nitrogen for shallow and deep reef‐building corals across an oceanic atoll system (2019)

Abstract Oceanographic processes shape coral reefs worldwide by redistributing inorganic nutrients and particulate resources over depth. Deep‐water upwelling occurs frequently in coral reef ecosystems, but its impact on coral nutrition remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of upwelling on the trophic ecology of three common reef‐building corals ( Galaxea fascicularis , Pachyseris speciosa and Pocillopora verrucosa ) from different reef depths (shallow reef, 10 m, vs. deep reef, 30 m) and reef exposures (oceanic rim vs. Inner Sea) across &gt; 250 km of the Maldives archipelago, Indian Ocean. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) of coral hosts, their symbionts and particulate organic matter (POM) were used to characterize coral trophic strategies. Across the Maldives, consistent mean δ 15 N values were recorded in hosts (5.5‰) and symbionts (5.2‰) of the three coral species from shallow and deep reefs of oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Coral hosts, symbionts and POM from both depths had δ 15 N values that were consistent with the isotopic signature of a deep‐water nitrate source transported to surface waters via upwelling. In contrast, a wide range of δ 13 C values (~10‰) revealed different trophic strategies and isotopic niches among the coral species. Different mean δ 13 C values of G. fascicularis indicated greater symbiont autotrophy in corals from shallow (‐15.5‰) compared to deep reefs (‐17.6‰). Conversely, the mean δ 13 C values of P. speciosa (‐15.1‰) and P. verrucosa (‐17.7‰) were not affected by reef depth. These corals maintained consistent trophic strategies over depth, with P. speciosa relying more on autotrophy compared to P. verrucosa . Despite different reef exposure to oceanic waters, coral host and POM δ 15 N and δ 13 C values did not differ between oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Nutritional resources appear to be homogenous in the central Maldives due to atoll‐wide water circulation. However, species‐specific trophic strategies resulted in diverse patterns of δ 13 C values over depth. Because heterotrophic feeding has been linked to coral host survival through coral bleaching events, understanding the trophic ecology of corals within the reef assemblage can provide insight into species resilience under ocean warming conditions. As a member of the typically competitive Pocilloporidae family, the dependence of P. verrucosa on heterotrophy may help this coral be a future “winner” under sustained ocean warming. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Studies on the Determination Methods with Polyaldehydes. VI : Fluorometric Determination of Primary Aromatic Amines with 2, 3-Naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (1966)

Fluorescence ability was examined With the reaction mixture of 2,3-naphthalene-dicarboxaldehyde and aromatic primary amines. In a strongly acid medium. the solution was found to exhibit fluorescence reaction different from that of previously reported o-phthalaldehyde or 4,5-methylenedioxyphthalaldehyde. By the utilizgtion of this fluorescence reaction fluorometric determination of aromatic primary amines with 2,3-naph-thalenedicarboxaldehyde was established. Sensitivity of this method is approximately equal to that using 4,5-methylenedioxyphthalaldehyde. It was found from fluorescence characteristics of 2-(p-sulfamoylphenyl)-benz[f]isoindoline-1,3-diol and of the reaction mixture that this fluorescent substance is 2-phenylbenz[f]isoindoline-1,3-diol, and it Was assumed that the fluorescence in a strongly acid medium is due to ite halochromism.
Static and dynamic operating characteristics of a pericardial balloon (2001)

Previously, we developed a balloon transducer to measure the constraint of the pericardium (i.e., pericardial pressure) on the surface of the heart. It was validated physiologically in that it was shown to measure a pressure equal to the difference between the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure measured before and after pericardiectomy at the same left ventricular volume. To define its static operating characteristics, we loaded the balloon nonuniformly with weights that covered fractions of the balloon surface and found that the balloon accurately recorded the average stress if the stress was applied over at least 23% of its surface. To test its performance when curved, we placed it in large and small cylinders (minimum diameter 31 mm) and found that the balloon accurately recorded the stress. To define its dynamic operating characteristics, we applied sinusoidal stresses and found that its frequency response was limited only by that of the connecting catheter. When better dynamic response is required, we introduce a micromanometer-tipped catheter to obtain a unity-gain frequency response that is flat to 200 Hz.
Unsupervised Salient Object Detection via Inferring From Imperfect Saliency Models (2017)

Visual saliency detection has become an active research direction in recent years. A large number of saliency models, which can automatically locate objects of interest in images, have been developed. As these models take advantage of different kinds of prior assumptions, image features, and computational methodologies, they have their own strengths and weaknesses and may cope with only one or a few types of images well. Inspired by these facts, this paper proposes a novel salient object detection approach with the idea of inferring a superior model from a variety of previous imperfect saliency models via optimally leveraging the complementary information among them. The proposed approach mainly consists of three steps. First, a number of existing unsupervised saliency models are adopted to provide weak/imperfect saliency predictions for each region in the image. Then, a fusion strategy is used to fuse each image region's weak saliency predictions into a strong one by simultaneously considering the performance differences among various weak predictions and various characteristics of different image regions. Finally, a local spatial consistency constraint that ensures high similarity of the saliency labels for neighboring image regions with similar features is proposed to refine the results. Comprehensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets and comparisons with a number of state-of-the-art approaches can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.
Synthesis ofl-Tryptophan from Pyruvate, Ammonia and Indole (1972)

Journal Article Synthesis of l-Tryptophan from Pyruvate, Ammonia and Indole Get access Hidetsugu Nakazawa, Hidetsugu Nakazawa Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hitoshi Enei, Hitoshi Enei Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shinji Okumura, Shinji Okumura Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Yamada Hideaki Yamada Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 13, 1 January 1972, Pages 2523–2528, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860594 Published: 01 January 1972 Article history Published: 01 January 1972 Received: 20 July 1972
<title>Experimental study of corneal arcuate excisions performed with the excimer laser on rabbit eyes</title> (1995)

Congenital or post-operative high degree astigmatism is currently corrected surgically by corneal arcuate incisions. Due to differences in manual skill in producing corneal incisions with precise depth, width, and length the final refractive results of these surgical techniques may be unpredictable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of excimer laser in producing corneal arcuate excisions on rabbit eyes.
Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: The KLASS-02-RCT Randomized Clinical Trial (2020)

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was comparable to open surgery in terms of relapse-free survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy could be a potential standard treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer.