gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in Bioscience 10, 3058-3067, September 1, 2005 (2005)

Temperature- and pH-sensitive amphiphilic polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-cholesteryl acrylate) (P(NIPAAm-co-AA-co-CHA)) has been synthesized and employed to encapsulate paclitaxel, a highly hydrophobic anticancer drug, in core-shell nanoparticles fabricated by a membrane dialysis method. The nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and their size can be made below 200 nm by varying fabrication parameters. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the nanoparticles is pH-dependent. Under the normal physiological condition (pH 7.4), the LCST is well above the normal body temperature (37 degrees C) but it is below 37 degrees C in an acidic environment (e.g. inside the endosome or lysosome). The critical association concentration of the polymer is determined to be 7 mg/L. Paclitaxel can be easily encapsulated into the nanoparticles. Its encapsulation efficiency is affected by fabrication temperature, initial drug loading and polymer concentration. In vitro release of paclitaxel from the nanoparticles is responsive to external pH changes, which is faster in a lower pH environment. Cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles against MDA-MB-435S human breast carcinoma cells is slightly higher than that of free paclitaxel. In addition, doxorubicin is used as a probe to study cellular uptake using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Doxorubicin molecules are able to enter the cytoplasm after escaping from the endosome and/or the lysosome. The temperature- and pH-sensitive nanoparticles would make a promising carrier for intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs.
Maternal Overnutrition and Obesity Induced Inflammatory Response in Fetal Ileum of Sheep. (2009)

Obesity in pregnant women increases rapidly. At the same time, food allergy and related mucosal inflammatory diseases in gastrointestinal tract is also increasing (3.4% of all American have food allergy but more than 5% for children under 3 years old). Lymphoid follicles and lamina propria are distributed along the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and are key components of mucosal immune system (MIS). Major steps of MIS development are accomplished during the fetal stage. We hypothesized that maternal obesity induces systemic inflammation in fetal GI tract, which enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in gut mucosa, favoring inflammatory immune response in MIS and thus increasing gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases in offspring. In this study, non-pregnant ewes were assigned to a control group (Con, fed 100% of NRC nutrient recommendations, n = 8) or obesogenic group (OB, fed 150% of NRC, n = 8) from 60 days before to 135 days after conception (Term 150 days), when fetal ileum was sampled. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, macrophage markers CD11b, CD14, CD68, the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)γ , interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte/macrophage chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results indicated that maternal obesity increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of both TLR2 and TLR4, key mediators of innate immune response. Further, monocyte activation marker CD11b and macrophage differentiation and maturation markers CD14 and CD68 are all increased (P < 0.05) in OB fetal ileum, indicating an enrichment of resident macrophages. Consistently, MCP-1, GM-CSF was up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the OB group. This accumulation of the macrophages within fetal ileum tissue of OB ewes is associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFγ (P = 0.06), IL6 (P < 0.05), IL-1α (P < 0.05) IL-1β (P=0.06), and IL8 (P < 0.05). In addition, iNOS mRNA expression level was also elevated (P < 0.05) in the fetal ileum of OB mother. Therefore, maternal obesity induced systemic inflammation in OB fetal ileum, which will likely induce permanent changes in the MIS development in fetal intestine. Since MIS is responsible for the body defense against opportunistic pathogens in GI tract and also for the incidence of mucosal inflammatory diseases, alteration of MIS development due to maternal obesity will have long-term impact on offspring health. This project was supported by NIH INBRE P20RR16474 and by USDA-NRI 2008-35203-19084.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (2015)

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Descripción de un foco endémico de Leishmaniasis cutánea en Puerto Valdivia, Antioquia, Colombia (2014)

Objetivo: La leishmaniasis cutanea (LC) afecta principalmente a las poblaciones humanas mas pobres y que tienen dificultad en el acceso a los servicios de salud. El cambio climatico y las variaciones ambientales alteran la dinamica epidemiologica de la LC, haciendo mas complejo el diseno e implementacion de estrategias de control. Por lo tanto, es fundamental conocer la ecoepidemiologia de cada foco de transmision para poder adaptar mejor las medidas de control a cada situacion. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir un foco endemico de LC en el corregimiento Puerto Valdivia, Antioquia. Metodos: Para la colecta de flebotomineos se usaron trampas CDC y Shannon y busqueda activa en sitios de reposo. Los mamiferos silvestres se capturaron mediante trampas Tomahawk®, tomando de ellos muestra de tejido para diagnostico por cultivo del parasito y metodos moleculares. Adicionalmente se tomo muestra de sangre para cultivo y deteccion de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania, a los perros llevados voluntariamente por sus duenos al centro de salud. Los casos de LC en humanos fueron evaluados mediante examen directo y aspirado de lesion para cultivo de parasitos y diagnostico molecular. Resultados: Se identificaron taxonomicamente trece especies de flebotomineos, incluyendo Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lu. gomezi, Lu. yuilli, Lu. panamensis, Lu. olmeca bicolor y Lu. hartmanni, cuya importancia medica ha sido reportada en la literatura. Se detectaron anticuerpos contra Leishmania en dos de las 32 muestras de sueros procedentes de los perros. Se capturaron dos especies de mamiferos silvestres: Didelphis marsupialis (n=3) y Proechimys semispinosus (n=1), en los cuales el diagnostico molecular y aislamiento del parasito fueron negativos. La especie de parasito circulante en pacientes se identifico como Leishmania (V.) panamensis. Conclusion: La transmision de la enfermedad en este corregimiento esta favorecida por la coexistencia de seis especies de flebotomineos altamente antropofilicas e incriminadas como vectores, particularmente para L. (V.) panamensis, especie circulante en la zona de estudio. Se sugiere implementar estudios de vigilancia entomologica para determinar el vector principal de la LC Puerto Valdivia, y poder asi recomendar las medidas mas adecuadas de prevencion y control para este foco.
P Wave Duration and Morphology Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients with Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial‐Based Pacemaker (2002)

DE SISTI, A., et al. : P Wave Duration and Morphology Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients with Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial‐Based Pacemaker. P wave duration and morphology have never been systematically evaluated as markers of AF in patients with a conventional indication to pacing. This study correlated sinus P wave duration and morphology and the incidence of AF in patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND), previous history of AF before implant, and atrial‐based pacemaker. Included were 140 patients (86 men, 54 women; mean age 71.8 ± 10.4 years) with recurrent paroxysmal AF and who received a DDD (128 patients) or AAI (12 patients) pacemaker for SND. Forty‐nine patients had structural heart disease. Sinus P wave duration and morphology was evaluated in leads II, III. Twenty‐two patients had an abnormal P wave morphology, diphasic (+/‐) in 5 and notched (+/+) in 17. The basic pacemaker rate was programmed between 60 and 70 beats/min. Rate responsive function was activated in 65 patients. During a follow‐up of 27.6 ± 17.8 months, AF was documented in 87 patients. Forty‐four patients developed permanent AF, following at least one episode of paroxysmal AF in 26 cases. Statistical analysis used Cox model regression. Univariate predictors of AF (P &lt; 0.10) were drugs (mean: 2 ± 1.4 ) and DC shock before pacing (16/140 patients), P wave duration (mean 112.5 ± 24.6 ms), basic pacemaker rate (mean 68 ± 5 beats/min), and drugs in the follow‐up (mean 1.2 ± 0.94 ). Multivariate analysis showed that P wave duration ( b = 0.013, s.e. = 0.004; P = 0.003 ), and drugs before pacing ( b = 0.2; s.e.= 0.08; P &lt; 0.01 ) resulted in a significant independent predictor of AF. Actuarial incidence of patients free of AF at 30 months was 35%: 56% in patients with a P wave &lt; 120 ms, and 13% in those with P wave ≥ 120 ms (P &lt; 0.01 by Score test). Univariate predictors of permanent AF were drugs and DC shock before pacing, left atrial size (mean 39 ± 6 mm), P wave duration, abnormal P wave morphology (22/140 patients), and drugs in the follow‐up. Multivariate analysis showed that P wave morphology was the most important predictor of permanent AF ( b = ‐ 0.56, s.e.= 0.2; P = 0.008 ). Incidence of patients free of permanent AF at 30 months was 69%: 74% in patients with normal P wave, compared to 28% in the case of abnormal P wave morphology (P &lt; 0.01). P wave duration and morphology are good markers of postpacing AF recurrence in patients with SND and an atrial‐based pacemaker. This observation suggests that intra‐ and interatrial conduction disturbances be extensively evaluated before implantation, and the indication for atrial resynchronization procedures be reevaluated.
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of synephrine, a component of Kampo medicine, against allergic rhinitis (2019)

The mechanisms of action of Kampo medicines as treatments for allergic rhinitis are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify novel potential therapeutic agents for allergic rhinitis and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Different components of Kampo medicines (crude drugs) were screened for their ability to inhibit the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine secreted during allergen exposure. Synephrine (SYN) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. In an early-phase allergic reaction, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and its receptor are activated, leading to the secretion of TSLP. Mucins are thought to be produced as a late-phase reaction. We examined the action of SYN in cultures of human nasal epithelial cells both during mono-stimulation and co-stimulation with activating agents. Based on its inhibition of the histamine H1 receptor and HDC mRNA expression, SYN was assumed to reduce the histamine production. Increased expression of the HDC protein was confirmed in tissues of patients with allergic rhinitis via western blotting. In addition, SYN inhibited TSLP at the mRNA and protein levels and inhibited mucin 5AC mRNA expression. Its inhibitory effects on both early- and late-phase allergic reactions indicate that SYN can serve as a novel therapeutic agent with potential leukotriene antagonist-like activity.
Finding Frequent Entities in Continuous Data (2018)

In many applications that involve processing high-dimensional data, it is important to identify a small set of entities that account for a significant fraction of detections. Rather than formalize this as a clustering problem, in which all detections must be grouped into hard or soft categories, we formalize it as an instance of the frequent items or heavy hitters problem, which finds groups of tightly clustered objects that have a high density in the feature space. We show that the heavy hitters formulation generates solutions that are more accurate and effective than the clustering formulation. In addition, we present a novel online algorithm for heavy hitters, called HAC, which addresses problems in continuous space, and demonstrate its effectiveness on real video and household domains.
Prospective head motion correction using FID‐guided on‐demand image navigators (2016)

The presented method provides high sensitivity to detect head motion while minimizing the time invested in acquiring navigator images. Limits of this implementation arise from temporal resolution to detect motion, false-positive alarms, and registration accuracy. Magn Reson Med 78:193-203, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Rubber modified epoxy resin. III: Reaction injection molding process (1995)

Abstract Reaction injection molding of amine terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBN) modified epoxy resin was investigated through computer simulation and experiment. The epoxy system composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and triethylene tetramine (TETA) was employed since this system indicated a relatively high reaction rate. The coupled balance equations of momentum, chemical species, and energy within the disc‐type mold cavity were solved using finite difference techniques. The predicted temperature and conversion profiles within the mold were compared to experimental results. The domain correlation length data calculated from the simulation model were compared with the results of SEM micrographs. A moldability analysis was performed to find the optimum molding conditions. The moldability window decreased as the mold thickness was increased.
Design of Piezoelectric Transformers for Power Converters by Means of Analytical and Numerical Methods (2008)

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) provide several advantages compared to magnetic components, which are higher power density, lower radiated noise, and higher voltage isolation capability. PT must be properly designed to benefit the power converter with the aforementioned advantages. Analytical models are widely used for PT design in order to validate it before constructing the prototype. In this paper, the additional usefulness of finite element analysis (FEA) for PT design is shown. With FEA, it is possible to optimize the PT design not only by maximizing the energy transference but also by cleaning the working frequency range of spurious modes (geometrical 2D/3D effects). Moreover, FEA tools allow the study of other main aspects of the PT design such as manufacturing tolerances or the influence of the fixing layer on PT performance (which is a critical design point). A method for modeling and designing PTs is proposed, combining analytical 1D models and FEA results. The proposed method is validated with measurements of a PT design for a 10-W ac/dc converter prototype for mobile phone battery charger.
The “Latent Membrane Permeability” Concept:  QSPR Analysis of Inter/Intralaboratorically Variable Caco-2 Permeability (2002)

Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on a filter support are the most widely used systems for predicting intestinal absorption. However, inter- and intralaboratory variability in Caco-2 permeability makes it difficult to analyze any QSPR relationship for a large number of compounds. We proposed the "latent membrane permeability" concept, assuming that all Caco-2 permeability data sets share a hidden, common relationship between their membrane permeability and physicochemical properties. An iterative calculation method was developed to handle this conceptual approach and applied to the analysis of Caco-2 permeability data sets from different sources. A thorough statistical analysis revealed that the "latent membrane permeability" concept be reasonable.
Interaction of Anionic Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with Cells:  Kinetic Analyses of Membrane Adsorption and Subsequent Internalization (2002)

Cell targeting with magnetic nanoparticles raises a growing interest in the fields of both cellular biology and medical imaging. We have investigated the nonspecific interactions of superparamagnetic negatively charged iron oxide nanoparticles with HeLa tumor cells and mouse RAW macrophages, qualitatively by electron microscopy and quantitatively following the particle cell uptake by two magnetic based quantification assays (magnetophoresis and electron spin resonance). The analyses of particle uptake kinetics at 4 and 37 °C led us to modelize the observed endocytosis as a two-step process: we distinguish the binding of anionic magnetic nanoparticles onto the cell surface (described as a Langmuir adsorption) from the subsequent step of cell internalization (also described as a saturable mechanism). Fits of experimental uptake kinetics result in the quantitative determination of binding parameters (adsorption rate, desorption rate, and density of binding sites) as well as internalization rate and internalization capacity. All binding parameters appear to coincide for tumor cells and macrophages, whereas their internalization capacity differs by 1 order of magnitude, reflecting the cell function specificity.
Sensitivity of Glacier Runoff to Winter Snow Thickness Investigated for Vatnajökull Ice Cap, Iceland, Using Numerical Models and Observations (2018)

Several simulations of the surface climate and energy balance of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, are used to estimate the glacier runoff for the period 1980–2015 and the sensitivity of runoff to the spring conditions (e.g., snow thickness). The simulations are calculated using the snow pack scheme from the regional climate model HIRHAM5, forced with incoming mass and energy fluxes from the numerical weather prediction model HARMONIE-AROME. The modeled runoff is compared to available observations from two outlet glaciers to assess the quality of the simulations. To test the sensitivity of the runoff to spring conditions, simulations are repeated for the spring conditions of each of the years 1980–2015, followed by the weather of all summers in the same period. We find that for the whole ice cap, the variability in runoff as a function of varying spring conditions was on average 31% of the variability due to changing summer weather. However, some outlet glaciers are very sensitive to the amount of snow in the spring, as e.g., the variation in runoff from Brúarjökull due to changing spring conditions was on average 50% of the variability due to varying summer weather.
Synthesis of Certain 16α-Substituted Derivatives of 9α-Fluoro-11-dehydrocorticosterone, Progesterone and Deoxycorticosterone (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Certain 16α-Substituted Derivatives of 9α-Fluoro-11-dehydrocorticosterone, Progesterone and DeoxycorticosteroneArlene Small. Hoffman, Henry M. Kissman, and Martin J. WeissCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 5, 962–975Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01240a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01240a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Loss of a Mr 78,000 marker in chemically induced transplantable carcinomas and primary carcinoma of human pancreas. (1988)

Toward the identification of steps in the multiphasic process of human pancreas carcinogenesis we have developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies to normal and carcinogen-treated human pancreas cells. One of these, an IgG3 with strong affinity for a membrane-associated Mr 78,000 protein in fetal and adult parenchymal cells, was purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and used for the detection and characterization of tumorigenic stage in human pancreas carcinogenesis. This protein was present on the cell surface of human pancreas explants exposed to methylnitrosourea for up to 4 months and in nontumorigenic cell lines derived from these explants. It was absent in a morphologically transformed subpopulation of cells in explants treated with methylnitrosourea for longer than 4 months, in tumorigenic cell lines derived from these explants, and in primary carcinomas of human pancreas. The presence of this marker in normal pancreas adjacent to tumors, in hyperplastic cells induced by methylnitrosurea and in nontumorigenic cell lines suggests a correlation between the loss of this membrane-associated marker and cell tumorigenicity.
Tamoxifen Metabolism and Oestrogen Receptor Function - Implications for Mechanisms of Resistance in Breast Cancer (1996)

As an endocrine agent for the treatment of breast cancer, Tamoxifen functions by competitively antagonising the mitogenic signal which results from the interaction of biologically active oestrogens with the oestrogen receptor (ER) in ER-positive cells. There are several pharmacological factors which may determine its ability to achieve this in vivo. These include the metabolism of Tamoxifen and the formation of various metabolites which may have different agonist/antagonist profiles, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen, and the ability of these compounds to interact with ER and form inappropriate complexes which are no longer able to regulate the oestrogen-responsive genes involved in the growth pathway. It is as a consequence of the latter, namely Tamoxifen’s interaction with ER, that the majority of pharmacological effects occur both in vivo and in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (‐)‐Trolline, (‐)‐Crispine A and (‐)‐Crispine E. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ROLE OF ABCG2/BCRP IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2005)

The protein variously named ABCG2/BCRP/MXR/ABCP is a recently described ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter originally identified by its ability to confer drug resistance that is independent of Mrp1 (multidrug-resistance protein 1) and Pgp (P-glycoprotein). Unlike Mrp1 and Pgp, ABCG2 is a half-transporter that must homodimerize to acquire transport activity. ABCG2 is found in a variety of stem cells and may protect them from exogenous and endogenous toxins. ABCG2 expression is upregulated under low-oxygen conditions, consistent with its high expression in tissues exposed to low-oxygen environments. ABCG2 interacts with heme and other porphyrins and protects cells and/or tissues from protoporphyrin accumulation under hypoxic conditions. Individuals who carry ABCG2 alleles that have impaired function may be more susceptible to porphyrin-induced toxicity. Abcg2 knock-out models have allowed in vivo studies of Abcg2 function in host and cellular defense. In combination with immunohistochemical analyses, these studies have revealed how ABCG2 influences the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs and cytotoxins.