gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient algorithm for estimating brain covariance networks (2018)

Often derived from partial correlations or many pairwise analyses, covariance networks represent the inter-relationships among regions and can reveal important topological structures in brain measures from healthy and pathological subjects. However both approaches are not consistent network estimators and are sensitive to the value of the tuning parameters. Here, we propose a consistent covariance network estimator by maximising the network likelihood (MNL) which is robust to the tuning parameter. We validate the consistency of our algorithm theoretically and via a simulation study, and contrast these results against two well-known approaches: the graphical LASSO (gLASSO) and Pearson pairwise correlations (PPC) over a range of tuning parameters. The MNL algorithm had a specificity equal to and greater than 0.94 for all sample sizes in the simulation study, and the sensitivity was shown to increase as the sample size increased. The gLASSO and PPC demonstrated a specificity-sensitivity trade-off over a range of values of tuning parameters highlighting the discrepancy in the results for misspecified values. Application of the MNL algorithm to the case study data showed a loss of connections between healthy and impaired groups, and improved ability to identify between lobe connectivity in contrast to gLASSO networks. In this work, we propose the MNL algorithm as an effective approach to find covariance brain networks, which can inform the organisational features in brain-wide analyses, particularly for large sample sizes.
Data from Improved Treatment of Breast Cancer with Anti-HER2 Therapy Requires Interleukin-21 Signaling in CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The HER2/ErbB2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab is combined with chemotherapy as a standard-of-care for newly diagnosed HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer patients, but some patients treated with this combination therapy experience early relapse. Our analysis of data from a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy plus/minus trastuzumab suggested that the magnitude of trastuzumab benefit on distant disease-free survival was higher for increasing expression of the IL21 receptor (IL21R). Therefore, we investigated a possible role for IL21 signaling in promoting HER2 mAb therapeutic efficacy. We found that IL21R-deficient mice and wild-type mice treated with a neutralizing anti-IL21 mAb were less susceptible to trastuzumab-like anti-ErbB2 therapy. Furthermore, IL21R expression on CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, but not on natural killer cells, was required for optimal anti-ErbB2 mAb efficacy, and IL21 expression was enhanced in tumor-infiltrating CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T lymphocytes after anti-ErbB2 therapy. Finally, we found that administering recombinant IL21 in combination with anti-ErbB2 therapy was therapeutic against primary tumors and experimental metastases in mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that elevating IL21 signaling may enhance trastuzumab efficacy, thus constituting a novel candidate strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve patient survival. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(2); 264–74. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
History and Clinical Features of Atypical Myopathy in Horses in Belgium (2000–2005) (2007)

The association of AM with specific environmental conditions and individual animals suggests that young horses should not be pastured on bare premises subject to humidity when the weather has been very wet and cold for several days. Management of AM outbreaks should include control of Co-G horses who are apparently healthy.
Recombination of Engineered Defective RNA Species Produces Infective Potyvirus In Planta (1998)

Recombination occurred between viral genomes when squash plants were cobombarded with mixtures of engineered disabled constructs of a zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus. Single and double recombinants were detected in the progeny. Genes involved in the recombination process and the mechanisms of recombination were studied in potyviruses for the first time.
RAS design for the IBM eServer z900 (2002)

The IBM eServer zSeries™ Model 900, or z900, has been designed with major enhancements for hardware reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) in support of the zSeries RAS strategy, the eServer self-management technologies, and the z900 design objective of continuous reliable operation. The eServer self-management technologies enable the server to protect itself, to detect and recover from errors, to change and configure itself, and to optimize itself, in the presence of problems and changes, for maximum performance with minimum outside intervention. From the RAS perspective, the longstanding RAS strategy for the IBM S/390® and now the zSeries has provided an excellent foundation for self management. This paper describes the z900 RAS enhancements and how they strengthen the RAS strategy building blocks and provide a basis for autonomic computing.
Autometallographic Localization of Synaptic Vesicular Zinc and Lysosomal Gold, Silver and Mercury (1994)

AbstractAutometallography (AMG) is a process by which nanometer sized gold particles and crystal lattices of sulfide or selenide of silver, mercury, or zinc encyst themselves in silver. This technique allows light and electron microscopy tracing of the metals in tissue sections from organisms that have been exposed to salts of silver, gold, or mercury. Because it is the crystal lattices that are silver encapsulated, the technique is extremely precise, but also very sensitive, as only a few atoms of gold or molecules of mercury selenide are necessary to initiate the AMG process. We report detailed protocols for AMG methods for each metal and ways of differentiating between them.The central nervous system contains a unique group of zinc enriched (ZEN) neurons, which enclose a specific pool of chelatable zinc in aportionoftheir synaptic vesicles. This zinc pool can be transformed either to zinc selenide crystal lattices by in vivo treatment with sodium selenide or to zinc sulfide crystal lattices after transcardiac perfusion with sodium sulfide. After AMG development of the crystals, a most detailed pattern created by ZEN terminals can be observed. (The J Histotechnol 17:15, 1994)Keywords: autometallographycrystal latticeshistochemistrymercurymetal demonstrationselenidesilver amplificationsulfidezinc enriched (ZEN) neurons
The selective estrogen receptor modulator clomiphene inhibits sterol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2023)

Abstract Sterols are produced via complex, multistep biosynthetic pathways involving similar enzymatic conversions in plants, animals and fungi, yielding a variety of sterol metabolites with slightly different chemical properties to exert diverse and specific functions. The role of plant sterols has been studied in the context of cell biological processes, signaling and overall plant development, mainly based on mutants. Due to their essential nature, genetic interference with their function causes pleiotropic developmental defects. An important alternative is to use a pharmacological approach. However, the current toolset for manipulating sterol biosynthesis in plants remains limited. Here, we probed a collection of inhibitors of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis to identify new inhibitors of plant sterol biosynthesis. We provide evidence that imidazole-type fungicides, bifonazole, clotrimazole and econazole inhibit the obtusifoliol 14α-demethylase CYP51, that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Surprisingly, we found that the selective estrogen receptor modulator, clomiphene, inhibits sterol biosynthesis, in part by inhibiting the plant-specific cyclopropyl-cycloisomerase CPI1. These results demonstrate that rescreening of the animal sterol biosynthesis pharmacology is an easy approach for identifying novel inhibitors of plant sterol biosynthesis. Such molecules can be used as entry points for the development of plant-specific inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis that can be used in agriculture.
Rate-distortion regions of instances of cascade source coding with side information (2017)

International audience
Aerodynamic drag crisis and its possible effect on the flight of baseballs (1984)

At Reynolds numbers above about 105 the aerodynamic drag force on a sphere drops sharply as the flow begins to become turbulent in the boundary layer. For baseballs, this ‘‘drag crisis’’ may occur at speeds which are typical for pitched or batted balls. The effects of the drag reduction on the behavior of both pitched and batted balls is significant, and may explain several features of the game of baseball which previously have been unexplained or attributed to other causes. In particular, the drag reduction may help to explain why pitched fastballs appear to rise, why pitched curve balls appear to drop sharply, and why home run production has increased since the introduction of the alleged ‘‘lively ball.’’ Calculations suggest that aerodynamic forces are as important a factor in fastpitch softball as in baseball, and that they are a critical factor in a number of other ball games.
A novel type of nicotinic receptor in the rat central nervous system characterized by patch-clamp techniques (1990)

We present a functional characterization of a neuronal nicotinic receptor in the CNS using patch-clamp techniques and a preparation of acutely isolated neurons from the medial habenular nucleus of 10- to 20-d-old rats. The salient pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of this nicotinic response are (1) its association with a channel that is relatively nonselective for cations and has a unitary conductance of 26.2 (+)+/- 5pS at room temperature; (2) its insensitivity to alpha-bungarotoxin and to neuronal bungarotoxin; (3) its activation by the ganglionic nicotinic agonists nicotine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and cytisine and its blocking by several nicotinic antagonists, mecamylamine, hexamethonium, d-tubocurarine, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine. The combination of these properties has not been reported for any other known type of nicotinic receptor.
Single Anterior Procedure for Stabilization of a Three-Part Fracture of the Axis (Odontoid Dens and Hangman Fracture) (2009)

This single time procedure was able to achieve primary stability of the fractures of the axis and offers the possibility of an early mobilization of the patient with a good outcome. This approach allowed a better preservation of the cervical range of motion compared with a classic posterior fusion.
Natural Polyhydroxy Flavonoids, Curcuminoids, and Synthetic Curcumin Analogs as α7 nAChRs Positive Allosteric Modulators (2021)

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is involved in cognition disorders, schizophrenia, pain, and inflammation. Allosteric modulation of this receptor might be advantageous to reduce the toxicity in comparison with full agonists. Our previous results obtained with some hydroxy-chalcones, which were identified as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α7 nAChR, prompted us to evaluate the potential of some structurally related naturally occurring flavonoids and curcuminoids and some synthetic curcumin analogues, with the aim of identifying new allosteric modulators of the α7 nAChR. Biological evaluation showed that phloretin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxicurcuming behave as PAMs of α7 nAChR. In addition, some new curcumin derivatives were able to enhance the signal evoked by ACh; the activity values found for the tetrahydrocurcuminoid analog <b>23</b> were especially promising.
Réduction de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH dans les pays en développement : stratégies d’intervention disponibles, obstacles à leur mise en œuvre et perspectives (1997)

La transmission de la mere a l’enfant du virus de l’immunodeficience humaine (VIH) est la cause majeure de l’extension a la population pediatrique de l’epidemie d’infection par le VIH. Depuis le debut de la pandemie, trois millions d’enfants de par le monde seraient nes infectes par le VIH. Le poids que supportent les pays en developpement dans cene epidemie est considerable puisque de 90 a 95 % des femmes susceptibles de transmettre a leurs enfants le VIH vivent dans ces regions. Aussi, la prevention de la transmission de la mere a l’entant du VIH doit etre elevee a un rang de priorite dans ces pays. Dans les pays industrialises, le traitement antiretroviral par l’azidothymidine (AZT), assorti de la suppression de l’allaitement au sein des nouveau-nes, a prouve son efficacite pour reduire cette transmission. Mais plusieurs obstacles empechent d’appliquer automatiquement ces methodes dans les pays en developpement : - la complexite de la strategie therapeutique experimentee ; - la lourdeur de la logistique a mobiliser ; - le cour global redhibitoire ; - le danger que constitue la suppression de l’allaitement au sein des enfants ; - l’ignorance de l’efficacite du traitement par l’AZT dans une population ou l’allaitement maternel est general et ou circulent d’autres sous-types de VIH ; - l’apprehension de la population generale pour les questions relatives a l’infection par le VIH ; - la prevalence elevee de l’anemie maternelle. Il apparait clairement que les interventions capables d’avoir un impact decisif dans la reduction de la transmission de la mere a l’enfant du VIH sont celles qui seraient applicables dans le systeme actuel des structures de sante et qui seraient sures, acceptables, efficaces et d’un cout abordable. Trois d’entre elles ont ce potentiel : - le traitement de la mere par des drogues antiretrovirales selon un schema court couvrant la periode perinatale ; - la desinfection, pendant la periode perinatale, de la filiere genitale par des anti-septiques virulicides ; - la supplementation en vitamine A des femmes enceintes et des enfants. La faisabilite, la tolerance et l’efficacite de ces strategies therapeutiques restent cependant a demontrer dans le contexte des pays en developpement. Il est urgent que des evaluations rigoureuses et rapides en soient faites. La conduite de ces essais doit etre guidee a la fois par les principes des droits de l’homme et de l’ethique biomedicale ainsi que par l’urgence d’obtenir rapidement des mesures fiables de lutte contre ce probleme important de sante publique que constitue l’infection par le VIH chez les enfants.
Fast near-whole–brain imaging in adult Drosophila during responses to stimuli and behavior (2019)

Whole-brain recordings give us a global perspective of the brain in action. In this study, we describe a method using light field microscopy to record near-whole brain calcium and voltage activity at high speed in behaving adult flies. We first obtained global activity maps for various stimuli and behaviors. Notably, we found that brain activity increased on a global scale when the fly walked but not when it groomed. This global increase with walking was particularly strong in dopamine neurons. Second, we extracted maps of spatially distinct sources of activity as well as their time series using principal component analysis and independent component analysis. The characteristic shapes in the maps matched the anatomy of subneuropil regions and, in some cases, a specific neuron type. Brain structures that responded to light and odor were consistent with previous reports, confirming the new technique's validity. We also observed previously uncharacterized behavior-related activity as well as patterns of spontaneous voltage activity.
Recommendations as Treatments: Debiasing Learning and Evaluation (2016)

Most data for evaluating and training recommender systems is subject to selection biases, either through self-selection by the users or through the actions of the recommendation system itself. In this paper, we provide a principled approach to handling selection biases, adapting models and estimation techniques from causal inference. The approach leads to unbiased performance estimators despite biased data, and to a matrix factorization method that provides substantially improved prediction performance on real-world data. We theoretically and empirically characterize the robustness of the approach, finding that it is highly practical and scalable.
Wind Farms Linked by SMES Systems (2005)

The objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of wind farms linked by SMES systems. In this work, the SMES system is applied to a wind farm that is interconnected with a grid through a back-to-back DC link for the variable speed operation of the wind turbines. This system enables the output power leveling of the wind farm depending on the power demand and can reduce the capacity of the converter system by selecting an optimal discharge/charge rate of the SMES. By using the stored energy of the SMES, this system can also compensate the inertia of the blades so that the wind turbine speed can be rapidly controlled depending on the wind condition. This paper describes the design condition of the SMES for the output power leveling of the wind farm and discusses the SMES configuration for a 100-MW class wind farm.
Spin transport in nanocontacts and nanowires (2007)

In this thesis we study electron transport through magnetic nanocontacts and nanowires with ab initio quantum transport calculations. The aim is to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay between electrical conduction and magnetism in atomic-size conductors and how it is affected by different aspects as e.g. the atomic structure and the chemical composition of the conductor. To this end our ab initio quantum transport program ALACANT which combines the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations has been extended to describe spin-polarized systems. We present calculations on nanocontacts made of Ni as a prototypical magnetic material. We find that atomic disorder in the contact region strongly reduces the a priori high spin-polarization of the conductance leading to rather moderate values of the so-called ballistic magnetoresistance (BMR). On the other hand, we show that the adsorption of oxygen in the contact region could strongly enhance the spin-polarization of the conduction electrons and thus BMR by eliminating the spin-unpolarized s-channel. Finally, we show that short atomic Pt chains suspended between the tips of a nanocontact are magnetic in contrast to bulk Pt. However, this emergent nanoscale magnetism barely affects the overall conductance of the nanocontact making it thus difficult to demonstrate by simple conductance measurements. In conclusion, we find that spin-transport through atomic-scale conductors is quite sensitive to the actual atomic structure as well as to the chemical composition of the conductor. This presents both, opportunities and challenges for the realization of future nanoscale spintronics devices.
Method Toolbox for the Multidisciplinary Planning and Development of Adaptive Buildings (2019)

Abstract Adaptive buildings constitute an interdisciplinary approach for realizing the next generation of buildings in order to reduce the immense material requirements and energy demand throughout all lifecycle phases. Based on a novel cooperation between the disciplines of Architecture and Civil and Mechanical Engineering, adaptive support structures and skins are developed within the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 1244. A holistic planning process is required in order to reduce the high complexity and achieve a goal-oriented procedure during the planning of such buildings and the development of integrated systems. Part of this research is the development of new specific and the transfer of established methods from different disciplines. The experience gained during the planning of an adaptive, high-rise demonstrator building within the research project has shown that the methods for application must be provided in the form of a method toolbox to present their purpose, application time and results within the planning team. Based on the examination of existing method toolkits, this paper focuses on the development of an approach while considering context-specific requirements.
Swarm Behaviour for Visual Data Mining (2008)

The increasing complexity of many data analysis procedures makes it really difficult for the user to extract useful information out of the results given by the various used techniques. Information visualization and visual data mining can help to deal with the flood of information and to interpret those results. Visual data mining on heterogeneous, imprecise and incomplete information systems need different representations according to human perception (Berthold and Hand 2003). The advantage of visual data exploration is that the user is directly involved in the data mining process. For example, it should allow the user to navigate inside the data, to interact with objects, etc., to be able to create living experience and to see the whole world or concentrate on specific details (Valdés 2004). In this contribution we explore a visualization approach based on techniques borrowed from swarm behaviour, particularly Particle Swarm Optimization (Montalvo et al. 2008). It is able to visualize multidimensional data, uses both standard 2D/3D and dense pixel displays and is based on different interaction/distortion techniques, such as projection, filtering and zooming. The basic idea is to present abstract multidimensional data in some visual form, allowing the user to get concepts visually, draw conclusions, and directly interact with the data.
Sulfonimide Polyphosphazene-Based H[sub 2]/O[sub 2] Fuel Cells (2002)

Sulfonimide-functionalized polyphosphazenes have been investigated as polymer electrolyte membranes for use in an fuel cell. A sulfonimide polyphosphazene-based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a Nafion-based MEA with similar catalyst loadings were fabricated and tested within a fuel cell system. The maximum power density for the sulfonimide polyphosphazene MEA was at and 22°C, and reached at at 80°C. The performance of the sulfonimide polyphosphazene-based fuel cell was found to be comparable to that of the Nafion-based fuel cell. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Physicians' Effectiveness in Assessing Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1991)

An American Medical Association committee recently recommended that physicians routinely screen patients for behaviors that put patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, yet there is evidence that this screening does not occur routinely. Faculty, fellows, and residents at a teaching hospital in a midwestern state with a low prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were surveyed regarding their experience in screening for human immunodeficiency virus, their training related to substance abuse and human sexuality, and their confidence and ease in addressing such topics with their patients. Results indicated that only 11% routinely screened patients for high-risk behaviors. While most physicians had received training in human sexuality, most had not received training in substance abuse screening. Those trained felt more confident in addressing substance abuse and human sexuality and felt more comfortable in caring for patients known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus. A concerted effort to encourage human immunodeficiency virus risk assessment by physicians is needed. This should include training opportunities in screening and counseling patients about sexual activities and substance abuse.