gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal processing and acoustic modelling of speech signals for speech recognition systems (2002)

Natural man-machine interaction is currently one of the most unfulfilled pledges of automatic speech recognition (ASR). The purpose of an automatic speech recognition system is to accurately transcribe or execute what has been said. State-of-the-art speech recognition systems consist of four basic modules: the signal processing, the acoustic modelling, the language modelling, and the search engine. The subject of this thesis is the signal processing and acoustic modelling modules. We pursue the modelling of spoken signals in an optimum way. The resultant modules can be used successfully for the subsequent two modules.\nSince the first order hidden Markov model (HMM) has been a tremendously successful mathematically established paradigm, which makes it the up-to-the-minute technique in current speech recognition systems, this dissertation bases all its studies and experiments on HMM. HMM is a statistical framework that supports both acoustic and temporal modelling. It is widely used despite making a number of suboptimal modelling assumptions, which put limits on its full potential. We investigate how the model design strategy and the algorithms can be adapted to HMMs. Large suites of experimental results are demonstrated to expound the relative effectiveness of each component within the HMM paradigm.\nThis dissertation presents several strategies for improving the overall performance of baseline speech recognition systems. The implementation of these strategies was optimised in a series of experiments. We also investigate selecting the optimal feature sets for speech recognition improvement. Moreover, the reliability of human speech recognition is attributed to the specific properties of the auditory presentation of speech. Thus, in this dissertation, we explore the use of perceptually inspired signal processing strategies, such as critical band frequency analysis. The resulting speech representation called Gammatone cepstral coefficients (GTCC) provides relative improvement over the baseline recogniser. We also investigate multiple signal representations for recognition in an ASR to improve the recognition rate. \nAdditionally, we developed fast techniques that are useful for evaluation and comparison procedures between different signal processing paradigms. The following list gives the main contributions of this dissertation:\n•\tSpeech/background discrimination.\n•\tHMM initialisation techniques.\n•\tMultiple signal representation with multi-stream paradigms.\n•\tGender based modelling.\n•\tFeature vectors dimensionality reduction.\n•\tPerceptually motivated feature sets.\n•\tASR training and recognition packages for research and development.\nMany of these methods can be applied in practical applications. The proposed techniques can be used directly in more complicated speech recognition systems by introducing their resultants to the language and search engine modules.
Light-Responsiveness of C12E6/Polymer Complexes Swollen with Dodecane (2010)

The association behavior of light-responsive azobenzene modified poly(sodium acrylate)s (AMPs) with C(12)E(6) (hexa-oxyethyleneglycol n-dodecyl ether) surfactant micelles swollen with dodecane was investigated using dynamic light scattering, UV spectrophotometry, and capillary electrophoresis techniques. AMPs complexes with oligoethyleneglycol n-alkyl ether show promising properties as emulsifiers for the light-triggered control of inversion of emulsions and the present work aims at giving new insights with respect to the nature of their photoresponse. Depending on the dodecane amount, the size of the spherical surfactant micelles was varied with radii ranging from 4 to 8 nm. AMPs can be viewed as long PAANa chains bearing several randomly distributed azobenzene groups. First, the binding behavior of the AMPs chains to the micelles swollen with various amounts of oil was thoroughly studied under dark-adapted conditions, which means that most azobenzene groups are in their trans conformation (less polar than the cis conformation obtained under UV irradiation). The binding of azobenzene to surfactant micelles, which leads to the formation of AMPs/surfactant complexes, is controlled by the energy of transfer of the azobenzene moiety from water to the micelle core and by the energy of loops formation since multiple attachments of azobenzene to a single micelle are expected with long AMPs chains. We show that the change in the energy of transfer of the azobenzene group between water and micelles upon increasing the amount of dodecane within the core of micelles was quite weak (not exceeding 0.7 kT). Within the investigated range of curvature, we observed that the energy of loops formation, which decreases with increasing micelle size (decrease of curvature or increase of oil amount) was similarly weak. The effect of the presence of dodecane on the photoresponse of the complex formation was investigated. It is shown that exposure to UV light markedly weakens the association of the AMPs with surfactant within a domain of surfactant concentrations much larger for swollen micelles than for pure surfactant micelles. Consequently, we suggest that emulsion inversion triggered by light could be due to the photomodulation of the binding of AMPs to colloidal objects with various and/or specific curvatures including surfactant mesophases or small size emulsion droplets.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Adenine with Functionalized tert‐Propargyl Carbonates. Synthesis of 3′‐Hydroxymethyladenallene (VII) ‐ A New Analogue of 2′‐ Deoxyadenosine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A study of process window capabilities for two-dimensional structures under double exposure condition (2007)

Among the three candidate approaches for 32 nm, the double exposure/patterning with 1.35 NA immersion, the high refractive index immersion, and the extremely ultra violet (EUV) lithography, the easiest approach seems to be the double exposure/patterning method at an effective numerical aperture (NA) of 1.35. However, the design and optimization of the process, such as, the choice of illumination condition, the choice of a photoresist, and the design of an optical proximity correction (OPC) strategy for both the singly and doubly exposed patterns still need to be developed. In this paper, we will focus on the finding of a suitable methodology in the printing of two-dimensional (2D) structures under the double exposure and single development scheme since it is the easiest and there is virtually no overlay concern. We have used a 248 nm exposure tool and a well-chosen photoresist to study the photo performance parameters in the merge of two photo exposures. At a numerical aperture (NA) around 0.7, the minimum ground rule we can achieve is 110 nm, similar to the one for a 75 nm logic-like process with minimum pitch of 220 nm. In the experiment, the single exposure structures are limited to pitches wider than 440 nm. In this paper, we will present a study on main process window parameters, such as, exposure latitude (EL), depth of focus (DOF), and mask error factor (MEF) for a typical 2D structure, the isolated opposing line end. We will demonstrate a nearly analytical method for the description of the line end shortening.
Spectroscopic and Mechanistic Investigations of Dehaloperoxidase B fromAmphitrite ornata (2010)

Dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata is a bifunctional enzyme that possesses both hemoglobin and peroxidase activities. Of the two DHP isoenzymes identified to date, much of the recent focus has been on DHP A, whereas very little is known pertaining to the activity, substrate specificity, mechanism of function, or spectroscopic properties of DHP B. Herein, we report the recombinant expression and purification of DHP B, as well as the details of our investigations into its catalytic cycle using biochemical assays, stopped-flow UV-visible, resonance Raman, and rapid freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and spectroelectrochemistry. Our experimental design reveals mechanistic insights and kinetic descriptions of the dehaloperoxidase mechanism which have not been previously reported for isoenzyme A. Namely, we demonstrate a novel reaction pathway in which the products of the oxidative dehalogenation of trihalophenols (dihaloquinones) are themselves capable of inducing formation of oxyferrous DHP B, and an updated catalytic cycle for DHP is proposed. We further demonstrate that, unlike the traditional monofunctional peroxidases, the oxyferrous state in DHP is a peroxidase-competent starting species, which suggests that the ferric oxidation state may not be an obligatory starting point for the enzyme. The data presented herein provide a link between the peroxidase and oxygen transport activities which furthers our understanding of how this bifunctional enzyme is able to unite its two inherent functions in one system.
A randomized controlled clinical multicenter trial comparing the clinical and histological performance of a new, modified polylactide‐co‐glycolide acid membrane to an expanded polytetrafluorethylene membrane in guided bone regeneration procedures (2013)

Peri-implant GBR was successfully performed using either of the membranes. The control membrane was able to better maintain the horizontal thickness of regenerated bone and revealed less soft tissue complications. No statistically valid evidence about the superiority of one membrane was found in any other parameters. Soft tissue dehiscences occur with both types of membranes and can impair the amount of regenerated bone.
Melanoma brain metastasis is independent of lactate dehydrogenase A expression (2015)

In a large patient cohort and in a robust animal model, we show that although LDHA expression varies biphasically during melanoma brain metastasis formation, tumor progression and survival seem to be functionally independent of LDHA.
2,2′,5′,6-Tetrachloro-4-[(1S)-1-methylpropoxy]biphenyl (2013)

In the title mol-ecule, C16H14Cl4O, the dihedral angle between the least-square planes of the benzene rings is 84.40 (7)°. No unusual intermolecular interactions are present.
The rag Locus of Porphyromonas gingivalis Contributes to Virulence in a Murine Model of Soft Tissue Destruction (2007)

The rag locus of Porphyromonas gingivalis encodes a putative TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor, RagA, and a 55-kDa immunodominant antigen, RagB. Inactivation of either ragA or ragB prevented expression of both RagA and RagB. Both the ragA and ragB mutants were significantly less virulent than wild-type strains in a murine model of infection.
Supplementary Data from Tumor MHC Class I Expression Associates with Intralesional IL2 Response in Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Tumor MHC Class I Expression Associates with Intralesional IL2 Response in Melanoma
Gas Turbine Driven Centrifugal Pumps for High Pressure Water Injection (1967)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. This paper was prepared for the 42nd Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Houston, Tex., Oct. 1–4, 1967. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract The experience of Gulf Oil Corp. in the installation and operation of gas turbines as prime movers for centrifugal pumps in high pressure water injection leads to the following conclusions: Installation of gas turbines and centrifugal pumps can be made with very little difficulty. Only a fraction of the foundation is required for this type of installation as compared with other types using heavier equipment. Vibration of equipment and piping is practically eliminated. It is felt that where low cost gas is available, two-shaft gas turbines driving centrifugal pumps are an economical and flexible high pressure water injection installation. Centrifugal pumps normally require less attendance than plunger pumps. Station construction costs compare favorably with other stations utilizing different types of prime movers and pumps. Centrifugal pumps can be designed for almost any condition of high pressure water injection, but there are certain conditions in which plunger pumps are more economical. When the volumes are low and the head high, plunger pumps are usually more economical. Gas turbines are easily automated for unattended operation. Several operating problems were experienced, but subsequent modifications now have provided for a highly satisfactory operation. Fuel consumption compares favorably with that of other types of gas engines. Maintenance and repair cost of the pump has been much lower than anticipated and gas turbine costs have been slightly higher than originally anticipated. The over-all operation is economically attractive. Introduction Four gas turbine engines are driving multistage centrifugal pumps for injection of high pressure water into Gulf Oil Corp's Goldsmith 5600' field, Ector County, Tex.
The effect of a STEM research projects on ninth grade foundations of science classes (2013)

In this investigation different strategies were implemented for the purpose of determining if students engaged in real world research projects based on their personal interest would find science more interesting. The findings of this project indicated mixed results; some of the data showed little if no difference, and other data, observations and interviews, showed students enjoyed researching projects of their own interest.
Assessment of antithrombotic drugs ex vivo and in vivo. (1977)

Combustion diagnostics by means of 2D Laser Induced Fluorescence(2D-LIF) is applied to a diamond depositing oxyacetylene flame. Themethod and results of diamond growth are discussed, as well as the2D-LIF technique. The distributions of atomic hydrogen, CN, and C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; inthe flame are presented together with their relations to diamond growth.
Data from Premalignant Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Stall in a Heterogeneous State of Replication Stress Prior to Gliomagenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer evolves from premalignant clones that adopt unusual cell states to achieve transformation. We previously pinpointed the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as a cell of origin for glioma, but the early changes of mutant OPCs during premalignancy remained unknown. Using mice engineered for inducible &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-&lt;i&gt;Trp53&lt;/i&gt; loss in OPCs, we acutely isolated labeled mutant OPCs by laser-capture microdissection, determined global gene-expression changes by bulk RNA sequencing, and compared with cell-state fluctuations at the single-cell level by stochastic profiling, which uses RNA-sequencing measurements from random pools of 10 mutant cells. At 12 days after &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;-&lt;i&gt;Trp53&lt;/i&gt; deletion, bulk differences were mostly limited to mitotic hallmarks and genes for ribosome biosynthesis, and stochastic profiling revealed a spectrum of stem-progenitor (&lt;i&gt;Axl, Aldh1a1&lt;/i&gt;), proneural, and mesenchymal states as potential starting points for gliomagenesis. At 90 days, bulk sequencing detected few differentially expressed transcripts, whereas stochastic profiling revealed cell states for neurons and mural cells that do not give rise to glial tumors, suggesting cellular dead-ends for gliomagenesis. Importantly, mutant OPCs that strongly expressed key effectors of nonsense-mediated decay (&lt;i&gt;Upf3b&lt;/i&gt;) and homology-dependent DNA repair (&lt;i&gt;Rad51c, Slx1b, Ercc4&lt;/i&gt;) were identified along with DNA-damage markers, suggesting transcription-associated replication stress. Analysis of 10-cell transcriptomes at 90 days identified a locus of elevated gene expression containing an additional repair endonuclease (&lt;i&gt;Mus81&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;Rin1&lt;/i&gt;, a Ras-Raf antagonist and possible counterbalance to &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; loss, which was microdeleted or downregulated in gliomas at 150 days. These hidden cell-state variations uncover replication stress as a potential bottleneck that must be resolved for glioma initiation.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Profiling premalignant cell states in a mouse model of glioma uncovers regulatory heterogeneity in glioma cells-of-origin and defines a state of replication stress that precedes tumor initiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related articles by Singh and colleagues, p. 1840 and Schaff and colleagues, p. 1853&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The effects of safety behaviors on post-event processing in social anxiety disorder : An ecological momentary assessment study (2022)

사회불안장애가 있는 사람들은 사회적 상황에서 안전행동을 사용하여 자신의 불안증상을 숨기려 하고, 사회적 상황이 끝난 후에는 사후처리를 통해 자기 행동과 다른 사람의 반응을 부정적으로 돌이켜본다. 안전행동과 사후 처리는 사회불안장애를 유지하는 주요 변인으로 언급되었다. 그러나 두 변인에 대한 선행연구 결과는 다소 혼재 되어 있으며, 변인의 특징을 고려한 측정법을 적용하지 못했다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에는 선행연구의 한계점을 보완하고 발표 상황에서 안전행동이 사후처리에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 또한 시간에 따른 사후처리 변화양상을 알아보기 위해 생태순간평가를 활용하여 10일 동안 사후처리를 측정하였다. 이를 통해 사 회불안장애를 설명하는 이론적 모델의 경험적 근거를 확보하고, 두 변인을 적절히 측정할 수 있는 방법을 고안 하려 하였다. 60명의 사회불안장애가 있는 참가자들을 안전행동 사용과 금지 두 집단에 무선 할당하였다. 설문지 와 면담법을 활용하여 참가자의 개인 특이적 안전행동을 확인 및 조작하고 즉흥발표를 하게 하였다. 이어서 생 태순간평가 방식을 활용하여 10일간 사후처리를 측정하였다. 그 결과 면담법을 통해 안전행동 사용과 금지를 적 절히 조작할 수는 있었으나, 안전행동 사용 여부에 따른 발표 직후 사후처리 점수에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 10일 동안 사후처리는 감소하는 추세를 보였으며, 안전행동 사용 여부에 따른 감소세의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 10일 동안 불안한 사회적 상황을 경험한 사람들은 사회적 상황을 경험하지 않은 사람들에 비해 자신이 한 발표에 대해 더욱 높은 수준의 사후처리를 경험하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 안전행동 감소와 사후처리 사이에는 인지적 요인이 개입될 수 있음을 제안하였다. 또한 안전행동을 조작하는 실험 절차를 고안하 고, 생태순간평가 방식으로 사후처리 측정을 시도했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Scale‐up of an intensified bioprocess for the expansion of bovine adipose‐derived stem cells (bASCs) in stirred tank bioreactors (2021)

Cultivated meat is an emerging field, aiming to establish the production of animal tissue for human consumption in an in vitro environment, eliminating the need to raise and slaughter animals for their meat. To realise this, the expansion of primary cells in a bioreactor is needed to achieve the high cell numbers required. The aim of this study was to develop a scalable, microcarrier based, intensified bioprocess for the expansion of bovine adipose-derived stem cells as precursors of fat and muscle tissue. The intensified bioprocess development was carried out initially in spinner flasks of different sizes and then translated to fully controlled litre scale benchtop bioreactors. Bioprocess intensification was achieved by utilising the previously demonstrated bead-to-bead transfer phenomenon and through the combined addition of microcarrier and medium to double the existing surface area and working volume in the bioreactor. Choosing the optimal time point for the additions was critical in enhancing the cell expansion. A significant fold increase of 114.19 ± 1.07 was obtained at the litre scale in the intensified bioprocess compared to the baseline (**p < .005). The quality of the cells was evaluated pre- and post-expansion and the cells were found to maintain their phenotype and differentiation capacity.
MD and Docking Studies Reveal That the Functional Switch of CYFIP1 is Mediated by a Butterfly-like Motion (2015)

Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), also known as specifically RAC1 activated protein 1 (Sra1), plays a dual role: together with fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and eIF4E it forms a complex that inhibits mRNA translation, while together with WAVE1, NCKAP1, ABI2, and HSPC300 it forms the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) that upon RAC1 activation initiates actin polymerization. Here we performed a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on CYFIP1 extracted from the known WRC structure, which shows that, in the absence of its WRC partners, a butterfly-like motion brings the two ends of CYFIP1 closer together, enabling the interaction with eIF4E. Our MD simulation is supported by available data showing that binding of CYFIP1 to eIF4E and binding to the WRC are mutually exclusive and that there is fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the N- and C-termini of CYFIP1. The differential interaction of RAC1-GTP with the two CYFIP1 structures predicts that RAC1 is directly responsible for the switch between these conformations.
Challenges to building a platform for a breast cancer risk score (2012)

Cancer has recently become the leading cause of death worldwide according to the World Health Organization. As a consequence, health authorities acknowledge the need to implement prevention and screening programs to decrease its incidence. The efficiency of these programs can be increased by targeting higher risk subsets of the population. Efficient tools capable of monitoring the population risk are therefore needed. Constraints to building cancer risk scores and impacts on the tools platform are presented. Major constraints beyond performance of a risk score concern the role of domain experts and their acceptability by end users. Readability is therefore an important criterion. It is shown that a simple k-nearest-neighbor algorithm can achieve good performance with the help of the domain expert. To illustrate this, a risk score made of only four attributes is presented for the French population.
Grid space searching based two-steps detection procedure for MIMO radar with widely separated antennas (2017)

This paper considers the detection problem and its realistic implementation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas. In particular, since the range cells of different transmit-receive channels are not in superposition, but intersecting with each other, it is difficult to determine, by gathering measurements from all transmit-receive channels, whether a target is present in an interested resolution cell. Besides, because of the intersecting of transmit-receive channels, the direct thresholding processing, even with the ideal detector, will result in enormous false alarms, which we refer to as “ghost targets” in this paper. To address these realistic detection problems, we propose a two-steps detection procedure based on grid space searching. Specifically, the measurements are organized according to a carefully designed grid space. Then a two-steps detection procedure is performed. The first step is to design a detector and determine the target existence for each channel in a grid cell. The second step is devised to eliminate the ghost targets to decrease the false alarms. Eventually, extensive simulations are provided to validate the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed procedure.
Colour vision and tinted contact lenses (1987)

The effect of tinted soft contact lenses on colour discrimination was studied using Ciba SoftcolorTM dark tinted lenses and the Lanthony New Colour Test for twenty subjects with normal colour vision. Blue, green, aqua and amber tinted lenses were used. We found no significant difference between test performance with the various tinted lenses and the clear lens which was used as a control. This result verifies, for a range of saturations, the conclusion drawn in a related study that tinted soft contact lenses do not affect the colour discrimination performance of persons with normal colour vision.