gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rembrandt’s doctors (2007)

Medical doctors appear in numerous Rembrandt paintings and reciprocally, physicians interested in art have used their diagnostic skills in dissecting the painter's work, especially his lifetime of self-portraits. The possible existence of skin and eye diseases, hypothyroidism and Horton's disease, and psychiatric and psychological traits has been a matter of everlasting debate, as summarised in the present paper. Most of all, the ageing process reveals itself over time in the continuity of the self-portraits. In the quest for signs of illness, the slightest bump in the canvas can be considered a symptom, and the examination of Rembrandt's self-portraits is a difficult exercise. However, the resulting published papers have given rise to a great number of diagnostic hypotheses.
Clinical scales in progressive MS: predicting long-term disability (2011)

Both early change on EDSS and T25FW predict long-term EDSS with comparable strength. Early change on T25FW adds significant independent information and improves the prediction model with early EDSS change only. Therefore we support the use of early T25FW examinations in future clinical trials in progressive MS.
A Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Temperature Dependence of the n-Index for 2G HTS Tape Surrounding the 77 K Temperature Range (2015)

Most superconducting devices are designed for a fixed operating temperature range, however, temperature varia- tions are inevitable in some situations. For example, the temperature of a resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter becomes higher during fault cycle operation. Therefore, knowledge of the temperature dependence of the current-to-voltage characteristic is necessary for accurate simulation or design processes. This paper explores the temperature dependence of the n-index, which describes sharpness of superconductivity to normal transition, using a second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape sample under a liquid nitrogen surrounded environment. The voltage across the sample according to given current and temperature is measured by establishing a measurement system with a protection system. The average of the data from multiple measurements is calculated and compared with three different n-index models. Constant, inversely proportional, and modified inversely proportional models are analyzed. The modified inversely proportional model showed the least error when compared to the measurement data.
High-Performance Dual Gate Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistor With Top Gate to Drain Offset (2021)

We report the dual gate (DG) amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) with a top-gate (TG) drain offset ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}_{\text {TG(Off)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) structure under dual-gate driving. The TFT shows an on/off current ratio of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , subthreshold swing of 0.23 V/dec, and field-effect mobility ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\text {FE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 14.6 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}_{\text {TG{(}Off{)}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is 5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , which is 30% reduction compared to the conventional DG TFT with no drain offset ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\text {FE}}=20.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs). The Technology computer-aided design simulation indicates the electron concentration of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10^{{16}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> at the offset region near top gate insulator/a-IGZO interface when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}_{\text {TG{(}Off{)}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is 5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The fabricated TFT exhibits stable performance under positive bias temperature stress with a threshold voltage shift of +0.1 V.
Direct Use of λ Phage Particles for DNA Transfection (2003)

Recent progress in techniques for the transfer of genes into cultured mammalian cells has made possible the isolation of various interesting genes from other mammalian cells, and also the study of the function and the regulation of gene expression of mammalian genes in vivo. Various transfection techniques have been developed: incubation of recipient cells with genes in the presence of diethylaminoethyldextran (see Chapter 3 , this vol.; ref. 1); incubation of the cells with metaphase chromosomes and poly-L-ornithine (2); and incubation of the cells with coprecipitates of calcium phosphate and genetic material, such as DNA ( Chapter 2 ; refs. 3,4), metaphase chromosomes ( Chapter 10 ; ref. 5), and λ phage particles (6,7). Other methods for gene transfer have also been developed: direct injection of DNA into the nuclei of recipient cells (8,9); use of viral vectors ( Chapter 11 - Chapter 15 ; for review, see also ref. 10); fusion of the recipient cells with bacterial spheroplasts (11) or liposomes (10-14); and fusion of cells, mediated by HVJ (Sendai virus), with liposomes (15-17) or reconstituted erythrocyte membrane vesicles (18). The cell membranes of recipient cells have also been rendered permeable to genetic material by electric pulses ( Chapter 5 ; ref. 19) Chapter 11 Chapter 13 15; for review, see also ref. 10); fusion of the recipient cells with bacterial spheroplasts (11) or liposomes (10-14); and fusion of cells, mediated by HVJ (Sendai virus), with liposomes (15-17) or reconstituted erythrocyte membrane vesicles (18). The cell membranes of recipient cells have also been rendered permeable to genetic material by electric pulses ( Chapter 5 ; ref. 19).
A multistep rearrangement from 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-cyclohexanediones to 3-substituted 2-cyclohexenones via phosphonate anions and its application to a formal synthesis of (.+-.)-.alpha.-acoradiene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA multistep rearrangement from 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-cyclohexanediones to 3-substituted 2-cyclohexenones via phosphonate anions and its application to a formal synthesis of (.+-.)-.alpha.-acoradieneYoshinori Yamamoto and Toshiaki FurutaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 3971–3972Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The dental health of 3-year-old children in east Cumbria 1993. (1995)

A study of the dental health of 135 3-year-old children, with reference to social class group, was undertaken in East Cumbria District between September and December 1993. Caries free subjects numbered 110 (81.5 per cent), the mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 0.59; the value of the decayed component of the dmft index was 0.49. Caries experience was confined to 25 (18.5 per cent) individuals whose mean dmft was 3.20, seven of these subjects experienced rampant decay to the maxillary incisor teeth and three had received a dental general anaesthetic. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between dental caries and social class. Trauma to the maxillary incisors had occurred in 17 (12.6 per cent) children, with discolouration and fracture of the enamel and dentine the most prevalent types of injuries sustained. A relatively high proportion of the subjects, 39 (28.9 per cent), had experienced erosion to palatal surfaces of the maxillary incisors. The most prevalent type of erosion was that involving both enamel and dentine. Only 14 (10.4 per cent) children examined used fluoride supplements in this low-fluoride area; 98 (72.6 per cent) subjects reported registration with a dentist.
Robust sequence storage in bistable oscillators (2014)

The versatility of nanodevices dynamics may allow original architectures for computation but care should be taken to handle fluctuations arising at this scale. In the network of oscillatory units which we propose, bistability with down-quiescent and up-oscillatory states enable tolerance to noise in storage and retrieval dynamics for patterns or sequences. We illustrate this by simulations of the stochastic differential equations for a network with connectivity corresponding to stored patterns.
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging based on interferometry (2002)

Phase-contrast X-ray imaging including tomographic configuration using a crystal X-ray interferometer is reviewed. The imaging principle based on phase retrieval is described, and some demonstrations showing its high sensitivity are presented on the observations of animal and human cancerous tissues.
A monoclonal antibody (OT145) specific for the T cell antigen receptor Vβ 6.7a allele detects an epitope related to a proposed superantigen-binding site (1991)

A mAb, OT145, recognizes a TCR allotype encoded by one of two alleles of the V beta 6.7 gene. The peptide products of the two V beta 6.7 alleles differ because of nonconservative amino acid substitutions at positions 38 and 72. V beta 6.7a encodes ser38 and gly72, whereas V beta 6.7b encodes arg38 and glu72. We show here that the binding of mAb OT145 ot the beta-chain of TCR is lost when residue 72 of V beta 6.7a is mutated from gly to glu. The binding of OT145 is not affected by mutation of residue 38 from ser to arg. Thus, OT145 recognizes an epitope related to position 72. Residue 72 of the beta-chain of the TCR is located at a putative superantigen-binding site.
A study on using uncertain time series matching algorithms for MapReduce applications (2012)

SUMMARY In this paper, we study CPU utilization time patterns of several MapReduce applications. After extracting running patterns of several applications, the patterns along with their statistical information are saved in a reference database to be later used to tweak system parameters to efficiently execute future unknown applications. To achieve this goal, CPU utilization patterns of new applications along with its statistical information are compared with the already known ones in the reference database to find/predict their most probable execution patterns. Because of different pattern lengths, dynamic time warping (DTW) is utilized for such comparison; a statistical analysis is then applied to DTWs' outcomes to select the most suitable candidates. Furthermore, under a hypothesis, we also proposed another algorithm to classify applications under similar CPU utilization patterns. Finally, dependency between minimum distance/maximum similarity of applications and scalability (in both input size and number of virtual nodes) is studied. Here, we used widely used applications (WordCount, Distributed Grep, and Terasort) as well as an Exim MainLog parsing application to evaluate our hypothesis in automatic tweaking MapReduce configuration parameters in executing similar applications scalable on both size of input data and number of virtual nodes. Results are very promising and showed the effectiveness of our approach on a private cloud with up to 25 virtual nodes. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2012. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
High Pressure Gas Handling Equipments for Autoclaves in Chemicals Research (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Pressure Gas Handling Equipments for Autoclaves in Chemicals ResearchRobert D. GoodwinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 5, 861–864Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50569a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (483 KB) Get e-Alerts
Buoyancy-driven motion of a deformable drop toward a planar wall at low Reynolds number (1990)

The slow viscous motion of a deformable drop moving normal to a planar wall is studied numerically. In particular, a boundary integral technique employing the Green's function appropriate to a no-slip planar wall is used. Beginning with spherical drop shapes far from the wall, highly deformed and ‘dimpled’ drop configurations are obtained as the planar wall is approached. The initial stages of dimpling and their evolution provide information and insight into the basic assumptions of film-drainage theory.
Salient features of radar nodes of the first generation NetRad system (2005)

The recently established National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) will be deploying the first generation of an automated network of four low-power, short-range, X-band, polarimetric, Doppler radars, known as NetRad, in central Oklahoma in late 2005. This network is developed with the goal of tracking tornadoes with high spatial and temporal resolution as well as mapping severe weather events in the lowest 2 km of the troposphere. Each radar node has been developed to accomplish this system goal through the coordinated interaction with other radars in the network via a real-time, closed-loop software control system. This paper will describe the characteristics of the individual radar nodes in the system, with emphasis on those aspects of the design that lend themselves toward operation as a coordinated network. Calibration results and performance characteristics of the single node radar of the first generation system will also be presented.
A wide range power cell for modular interleaving supplies (2014)

A modular interleaving power cell system for input voltage range of 19-265 V DC or AC consists of 15 or 6 Watts cells, operates at fixed frequency. A boost stage providing PFC, and an isolating regenerative snubber fly-back stage delivering 30 V DC at the output is combined.
Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues (2006)

Angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF) and two analogs, (DRVYIAPA and DRVAIHPA), were used as model systems to study the ozonolysis of peptides containing tyrosine and histidine residues. The ESI mass spectrum of angiotensin II following exposure to ozone showed the formation of adducts containing one, three, and four oxygen atoms. CID and SID spectra of these adducts were consistent with formation of Tyr + O and His + 3O as expected from previous work with amino acids. However, several fragment ions observed in the CID and SID spectra suggested formation of a rather unexpected adduct, Tyr + 3O, and a small amount of the Phe + O adduct. These findings were confirmed by examining two angiotensin analogs. Exposure of DRVYIAPA to ozone resulted in the addition of either one or three oxygen atoms on Tyr, while DRVAIHPA showed only the addition of three oxygen atoms--all on His. Other noteworthy minor oxidation products were observed from these analogs including Tyr + 34 Da, His + 5 Da, His + 34 Da, and His + 82 Da. The reaction rates of the peptides with ozone were found to be similar: second-order rate coefficients are 274 +/- 3, 379 +/- 6, and 439 +/- 34 M(-1) s(-1) for DRVYIAPA, DRVAIHPA, and angiotensin II, respectively. The relative rates indicate (1) an isolated His residue has a slightly greater ozone reactivity than an isolated Tyr residue, and (2) the reaction rates of isolated residues are not additive when both residues are present in the same molecule.
Spectral signatures of characteristic spatial scales and nonfractal structure in landscapes (2008)

Landscapes are sometimes argued to be scale‐invariant or random surfaces, yet qualitative observations suggest that they contain characteristic spatial scales. We quantitatively investigate the existence of characteristic landscape scales by analyzing two‐dimensional Fourier power spectra derived from high‐resolution topographic maps of two landscapes in California. In both cases, we find that spectral power declines sharply above a frequency that corresponds roughly to hillslope length, implying that the landscape is relatively smooth at finer scales. The spectra also show that both landscapes contain quasiperiodic ridge‐and‐valley structures, and we derive a robust measure of the ridge‐valley wavelength. By comparing the spectra with the statistical properties of spectra derived from randomly generated topography, we show that such uniform valley spacing is unlikely to occur in a random surface. We describe several potential applications of spectral analysis in geomorphology beyond the identification of characteristic spatial scales, including a filtering technique that can be used to measure topographic attributes, such as local relief, at specific scales or in specific orientations.
Abstract 4510: Analysis of antitumor effect of human papillomavirus E6 siRNA-loaded polymeric micelles on human cervical cancer. (2013)

Abstract Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies administered by intravenous injection have great potential for cancer treatments. E6 and E7 oncogenes of human papillpmavirus (HPV) are known to cause human cervical cancer, because E6 degrades tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, and E7 inactivates the performance of pRB tumor suppressor protein. Thus E6 and E7 oncogenes of HPV are supposed to be good targets of gene therapy against cervical cancers. However, therapeutic siRNA requires a delivery system for transport from the bloodstream into the cytoplasm of cancer cells to perform the function of gene silencing because siRNA is a large water-soluble polyion that can't easily diffuse across cell membrane. Furthermore, enzymatic activity in blood stream causes degradation of siRNA. Macromolecular carriers are supposed to improve the performance of drugs by prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. We applied nanosized polymeric micelles that deliver siRNA to solid tumors and elicit a therapeutic effect. Stable multifunctional micelle structures of 45 nm in size formed by spontaneous self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine) (PEG-b-PLL) block copolymers and the cyclo-Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptide on the PEG terminus were used to incorporate with HPV E6/E7 siRNAs. To evaluate the in vivo antitumor effect of E6/E7 loaded siRNA micelles (E6siRNA/m), subcutaneous xenograft models were established by transplanting human cervical cells (Hela and CaSki) into nude mice. In vivo toxicity of E6siRNA/m was estimated by weight of mice. The accumulation of E6siRNA/m into tumor and circulation of micelles in blood flow were evaluated by intravital real-time confocal laser scanning microscopy (IVRTCLSM). E6siRNA/m injected intravenously into mice with cervical cancer xenografts demonstrated gene silencing in the tumor mass and showed significantly stronger inhibition of tumor growth compared to control siRNA-loaded micelles (control). Also there was no significant difference in the weight of mice between control and E6siRNA/m groups. IVRTCLSM revealed that E6siRNA/m had prolonged blood circulation and enhanced accumulation into tumors. This new technology of gene delivery using micellar nanoparticle could potentially expand the utility of siRNA-based systemic gene therapies for cervical cancer treatments. Citation Format: Haruka Nishida, Matsumoto Yoko, Christie R. James, Kawana Kei, Inoue Tomoko, Taguchi Ayumi, Nagasaka Kazunori, Oda Katsutoshi, Miyata Kanjiro, Matsumoto Yu, Nishiyama Nobuhiro, Kataoka Kazunori, Fujii Tomoyuki. Analysis of antitumor effect of human papillomavirus E6 siRNA-loaded polymeric micelles on human cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4510. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4510
GADD153 is an independent prognostic factor in melanoma: immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. (2002)

The main role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD) genes is to block proliferation at G1 and G2 checkpoints in response to DNA damage. The goal of this study was to examine the expression of GADD genes in primary melanomas with respect to prognosis. GADD34 was found in 73% of the primary melanomas investigated. GADD45 and GADD153 were positive in 60% and 80% of primary melanomas, respectively. Cox regression demonstrated that only GADD153 had any independent prognostic impact. We therefore decided to establish a PCR assay for detection of GADD153 in paraffin-embedded tissue. GADD153 deletion was found in 3/26 melanomas. None of the 3 cases with GADD153 deletion showed any expression of GADD153. Sequencing analysis detected polymorphism T-C at amino acid position 10 in 6/23 melanomas. In 6 cases with GADD153 polymorphism, GADD153 expression was found in 2 melanomas with a maximum GADD153 index of 10%. We postulate that the GADD gene family plays an important role in melanoma progression.