gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant control of trajectory tracking for mobile robot (2021)

Due to various reasons, mobile robot faults occur from time to time, especially actuator faults. To reduce the impact of actuator faults, actuator fault-tolerant controller for two-wheeled mobile robots is designed for actuator faults which are composed of loss of effectiveness actuator fault and bias-actuator fault. When the actuator faults occur, in order to compensate the faults, a fault observer is designed to estimate the value of the faults. Traditional method of designing controller parameters requires system identification, which has complex algorithms and poor robustness, in order to select the controller parameters automatically, the fuzzy system is utilized. Finally, the performance of the fault-tolerant control scheme is verified by a numerical simulation.
Supplementary Figures S2 & S3 from Insertion of c-<i>Myc</i> into <i>Igh</i> Induces B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Neoplasms in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figures S2 &amp; S3 from Insertion of c-&lt;i&gt;Myc&lt;/i&gt; into &lt;i&gt;Igh&lt;/i&gt; Induces B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Neoplasms in Mice
Sonic beam model of Newton’s cradle (2016)

The motions of Newton's cradle, consisting of several steel balls hanging side-by-side, have been analysed in terms of a sound pulse that travels via points of contact among the balls. This presupposes a focused energy beam. When the pulse reaches the fifth and final ball, the energy disperses and dislocates the ball with a trajectory equivalent to that of the first ball after it was released. The pulse passes unchanged through the internal balls without, therefore, causing movement of these balls. Lack of movement can be affirmed by immobilising one or more of the balls, thereby disproving both the gap and vibrating lattice models. This also contrasts with previous mechanisms that postulate complete energy dispersal within a ball prior to transferring the energy to another ball. Inserting an inelastic barrier between the second and third balls disrupts the pulse such that it spreads out to reach regions that are not in contact with another ball. As a result, the normally stationary third ball is forced into a forward motion, thereby pushing the fourth and fifth ball with it as a single unit. The model is valuable in explaining a fact that has puzzled physicists for generations: why is only one motional mode observed among a multitude of motions that maintain a constant momentum and kinetic energy as required by the laws of physics? The answer lies in the fact that all motions, except the one that is actually observed, require a rebound in one or more of the balls. Since the energy beam formed upon impact is unidirectional, reverse motions are not accommodated.
Exposure to Negative News Stories About Vaping, and Harm Perceptions of Vaping, Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States Before and After the Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (‘EVALI’) (2022)

This is the first study examining changes in exposure to news stories about vaping, and perceptions of vaping harms, among youth in England, Canada, and the United States before, during, and after 'EVALI'. Between 2017 and February-March 2020, youth exposure to negative news stories, and perceptions of vaping harms, increased, and increases were exacerbated during and immediately after 'EVALI'. By August 2020, exposure to negative news stories returned to 2019 levels, while perceptions of harm were sustained. Exposure to negative news stories also predicted two of the three harm perception measures. Overall, findings suggest that 'EVALI' may have exacerbated youth's perceptions of vaping harms internationally.
The Effect of Serine Protease Inhibitors on Visceral Pain in Different Rodent Models With an Intestinal Insult (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Serine proteases are believed to play a key role in the origin of abdominal pain in IBD and IBS. We previously demonstrated a reduction of visceral pain in a post-inflammatory IBS rat model after a single intraperitoneal or intracolonic administration of a serine protease inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serine protease inhibition on visceral pain in two different animal models involving a colonic insult based either on acute inflammation or on neonatal irritation. Moreover, protease profiling was explored in the acute colitis model. <b>Methods:</b> An acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis rat model and a chronic neonatal acetic acid mouse model were used in this study. Visceral sensitivity was quantified by visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat, UAMC-00050 or their vehicles. Colonic samples from acute colitis rats were used to quantify the mRNA expression of a panel of serine proteases and mast cell tryptase by immunohistochemistry. Finally, proteolytic activities in colonic and fecal samples were characterized using fluorogenic substrates. <b>Key Results:</b> We showed a significant and pressure-dependent increase in visceral hypersensitivity in acute colitis and neonatal acetic acid models. UAMC-00050 and nafamostat significantly reduced VMRs in both animal models. In acute colitis rats, the administration of a serine protease inhibitor did not affect the inflammatory parameters. Protease profiling of these acute colitis animals revealed an increased tryptase immunoreactivity and a downregulation of matriptase at the mRNA level after inflammation. The administration of UAMC-00050 resulted in a decreased elastase-like activity in the colon associated with a significantly increased elastase-like activity in fecal samples of acute colitis animals. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, our results suggest that serine proteases play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity in an acute TNBS colitis model in rats and a neonatal acetic acid model in mice. Moreover, we hypothesize a potential mechanism of action of UAMC-00050 via the alteration of elastase-like proteolytic activity in acute inflammation. Taken together, we provided fundamental evidence for serine protease inhibitors as a promising new therapeutic strategy for abdominal pain in gastrointestinal diseases.
SYNDROME OF VEGETATIVE DYSFUNCTION AMONG YOUNG STUDENTS IN VOLGOGRAD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (2022)

The syndrome of autonomic dysfunction (SVD) is interpreted as a set of polysystemic disorders caused by disorders of the higher autonomic centers. Today, the number of young people who report symptoms of this dysfunction continues to increase. Thus, a significant proportion of students with SVD are at risk of developing abnormalities in their health state, due to dysregulation of vascular tone, aggravated by desynchronosis. The aim of the study studied the incidence of autonomic dysfunction syndrome among students in Volgograd educational institutions. The survey included the study of the state of balance of the autonomic nervous system using the Wayne questionnaire, as well as chronotypes using the Horn-Ostberg test. The results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics. Installed, it was found that the highest prevalence of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD) is among the student youth of the Volgograd region. Among female representatives, VVD is found somewhat more often than among men. Representatives of the owners of arrhythmic and weak evening chronotypes are more susceptible to the development of autonomic dysfunctions. Systematic muscular activity is a limiting factor in the progression of the syndrome of vegetative-vascular dysfunctions. In order to preserve and improve the level of health of students actually is systematic observance of the motor activity, as well as the development of complex programs of physical education, taking into account individual daily biorhythms. Specified recommendations have a preventive focus in regard to the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction and its transformation into the pathology of a particular body system.
Phase-Pure Wurtzite GaAs Nanowires Grown by Self-Catalyzed Selective Area Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Advanced Laser Devices and Quantum Disks (2020)

The control of the crystal phase in self-catalyzed nanowires (NWs) is one of the central remaining open challenges in the research field of III/V semiconductor NWs. While several groups analyzed and revealed the growth dynamics, no experimental growth scheme has been verified yet, which reproducibly ensures the phase purity of binary self-catalyzed grown NWs. Here, we demonstrate the advanced control of self-catalyzed molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs NWs with up to a grade of 100% wurtzite (WZ) phase purity. The evolution of the most important properties during the growth, namely, the contact angle of the Ga droplet, the NW length, and the diameter is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Based on these results, we developed a comprehensive NW growth model for calculating the time-dependent evolution of the Ga droplet contact angle. Using this model, the Ga flux was dynamically modified during the growth to control and stabilize the contact angle in a certain range favoring the growth of phase-pure GaAs NWs. Although focusing on the self-catalyzed growth of WZ GaAs NWs, our model is also applicable to achieve phase-pure zinc blende (ZB) NWs and can be easily generalized to other III/V compounds. The self-catalyzed growth of such NWs may pave the way for substantial improvement of GaAs NW laser devices, the controlled growth of WZ/ZB quantum disks, and novel heterostructured core/multishell NW systems with a pristine crystalline order.
Input recovery for a class of nonlinear multimodel system: An LMI approach (2008)

International audience
TH‐B‐204C‐01: Parallel Imaging: Technology Clinical Applications and Image Quality Issues (2010)

Parallel imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (or “pMRI”) is a family of techniques that uses the position of multiple RF coil elements to assist in spatial localization of signal as opposed to phase‐encoding techniques. This approach provides a wealth of new imaging options and advantages to the MR user. Basically the reduction in the number of required phase encodings to produce an image can be used to acquire image data within a shorter window of time. This characteristic can be used in a variety of ways to reduce image acquisition time; to increase image matrices for a given acquisition time; to mitigate geometric distortion; or to reduce SAR over the duration of a scan. Finally pMRI can be implemented in virtually all existing sequences. The current use of pMRI is widespread as a result of these advantages with a tendency toward increased utilization as the technology matures. The advantages that pMRI provides are not without cost. pMRI is implemented in multiple “flavors” all of which require some degree of mathematical prowess to understand fully. Although pMRI is frequently useful it can cause problems within some imaging contexts (e.g. low SNR imaging patients prone to movement). Artifacts associated with pMRI are odd and varied in appearance. Finally an MR system that passes quality assurance tests for non parallel imaging on a given day may not have the necessary performance for pMRI. In 2005 the AAPM MRI subcommittee created Task Group #118 in order to provide guidelines to the Medical Physics community that address these concerns. This presentation will provide an overview of pMRI from concept to application. Conclusions and recommendations determined within Task Group #118 will also be summarized. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the basis of the pMRI technique including required hardware and reconstruction methods. 2. To conceptualize what components of a quality assurance program may be important for MR systems using pMRI. 3. To gain insight into the suggested (and inappropriate) uses of the technique for clinical benefit. 4. To observe new directions of pMRI development and how this may change clinical practice in the next few years.
Does childhood immunization against infectious diseases protect from the development of atopic disease? (2005)

The argument of whether early immunization against infections promotes allergy or protects from it is presently under debate. The relationship between childhood immunization and the development of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema) was examined in a population-based sample of 718 adolescents by taking individual data drawn from personal paediatric records on the schedule and the type of vaccination into account. Atopic diseases were determined using a standardized questionnaire. After adjustment for sex, age, father's socioeconomic status and active smoking, adolescents having been vaccinated (n = 694) had a significant lower risk to suffer from asthma or atopic diseases than non-vaccinated adolescents did (n = 24) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.92]. The relationship did not depend on the disease against which the vaccine was used as prophylaxis, the observance of the vaccination schedule or the number of inoculations. A higher protection was observed in the case of live attenuated vaccines (oral poliomyelitis and bacilli Camille-Guerin; OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.83). These results, in agreement with previous ecological data, support the hypothesis that early vaccines could promote Th1 proliferation in response to the infectious agent contained in it, which inhibits the enhancement of atopic manifestations. Further studies are needed to confirm the phenomenon.
Raman spectra of natural clathrates in deep ice cores (1988)

Abstract Raman spectra of natural clathrates at a depth of 1501 m in ice cores collected at Dye-3 (Greenland) have been measured from 10 to 3500 cm−1. The guest molecules in the clathrates were identified as O2 and N2 from their molecular vibrations. The energy shifts of the vibrational modes have been analysed by a simple model of a spherical cavity in a dielectric medium. From a comparison of calculations with observations, it is concluded that guest molecules occur only in the larger cages of the clathrates. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra have been measured from 10 to 100 cm−1. The peak position shifts to a lower Raman shift at lower temperatures. This structure is considered to arise from over-damping of the rotation modes of the guest molecules.
Long-Term Spontaneous Control of HIV-1 Is Related to Low Frequency of Infected Cells and Inefficient Viral Reactivation (2016)

There is a strong scientific interest in developing strategies to eradicate the HIV-1 reservoir. Very rare HIV-1-infected patients are able to spontaneously control viremia for long periods of time (HIV-1 controllers [HICs]) and are put forward as a model of HIV-1 remission. Here, we show that the low viral reservoirs found in HICs are a critical part of the mechanisms underlying viral control and result in a lower probability of HIV-1 reactivation events, resulting in limited HIV-1 release and spread. We found that those HICs in whom viral reactivation and spread from CD4(+) T cells in vitro were the most difficult were those with diminished CD8(+) T cell responses. These results suggest that, in some settings, low HIV-1 reservoirs decisively contribute to at least the temporary control of infection without antiretroviral therapy. We believe that this work provides information of relevance in the context of the search for HIV-1 remission.
Prenatal Care and Infant Mortality in Nevada (2012)

The U.S. outspends all other industrial countries on health care, and yet Americans hardly enjoy better health (Gorman 2010). An American baby born in 2006 can expect to live 78 years – two years less than a baby born across the Canadian border. The U.S. ranks 28th in infant mortality out of the 30 major industrial countries (Gorman 2010). A large part of the gap in infant mortality can be traced to high infant death rates in certain populations, particularly African-Americans who make up about 13% of the total population. In 2005, infant mortality for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. ran to 13.6 deaths per 1,000 live births compared with 5.76 deaths per 1,000 live births for non-Hispanic whites. Such disparities reflect differences in education, environment, and socioeconomic status – factors notoriously difficult to mitigate (Gorman, 2010, p. 34).
Wave propagation and instabilities in monolithic and periodically structured elastomeric materials undergoing large deformations (2008)

Wave propagation in elastomeric materials undergoing large deformations is relevant in numerous application areas, including nondestructive testing of materials and ultrasound techniques, where finite deformations and corresponding stress states can influence wave propagation and hence interpretation of data. In the case of periodically structured hyperelastic solids, the effect of deformation on the propagation of acoustic waves can be even more dramatic. In fact, transformations in the periodic patterns have been observed upon application of load due to microstructural elastic instabilities, providing opportunities for transformative phononic crystals which can switch band-gap structure in a sudden, but controlled manner. Here both analytical and numerical techniques are presented for assessing the influence of finite deformations on the propagation of elastic waves in both monolithic as well as periodically structured elastomeric materials. Both elastic instabilities and propagation of acoustic waves are strongly influenced by geometric pattern, material properties and loading conditions, giving different opportunities for tuning and manipulating the location and presence of instabilities and phononic band gaps.
Chirp-controlled filamentation of multi-mJ mid-IR pulses in ambient air (2017)

Plasma-less filamentation of mid-IR pulses in ambient air can be controlled by adjusting the phase of pulses. Soliton-like self-compression of 3.9 um pulses down to 30-fs takes place during filamentation.
Boundary effects on multiplication noise in thin heterostructure avalanche photodiodes: theory and experiment (2002)

The history-dependent recurrence theory for multiplication noise in avalanche photodiodes (APDs), developed by Hayat et al., is generalized to include inter-layer boundary effects in heterostructure APDs with multilayer multiplication regions. These boundary effects include the initial energy of injected carriers as well as bandgap-transition effects within a multilayer multiplication region. It is shown that the excess noise factor can be significantly reduced if the avalanche process is initiated with an energetic carrier, in which case the initial energy serves to reduce the initial dead space associated with the injected carrier. An excess noise factor reduction up to 40% below the traditional thin-APD limit is predicted for GaAs, depending on the operational gain and the multiplication-region's width. The generalized model also thoroughly characterizes the behavior of dead space as a function of position across layers. This simultaneously captures the effect of the nonuniform electric field as well as the anticipatory nature of inter-layer bandgap-boundary effects.
In vitro action of carboxyfullerene (2002)

Fullerene compounds have avid reactivity with free radicals and are regarded as 'radical sponges'. The trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene is one of the water-soluble compounds that has been synthesized and found to be an effective antioxidant both in vivo and in vitro. Carboxyfullerene has been shown to be effective in the treatment of both Gram-positive and -negative infections, although its mode of action is poorly understood. We determined the MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration of carboxyfullerene for 20 isolates, including Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We further investigated the action of carboxyfullerene using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), anticarboxyfullerene antibody binding assay and a membrane perturbation assay. All Gram-positive species were inhibited by < or = 50 mg/L of carboxyfullerene, whereas Gram-negative species were not inhibited, even at 500 mg/L carboxyfullerene. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated only for Gram-positive species, particularly for Streptococcus pyogenes A-20, which was killed rapidly. Intercalation of carboxyfullerene into the cell wall of staphylococci and streptococci was demonstrated by TEM and anti-carboxyfullerene binding assay. Damage to the cell membrane in Gram-positive, but not Gram-negative, bacteria was confirmed by the membrane perturbation assay. These findings indicate that the action of carboxyfullerene on Gram-positive bacteria is achieved by insertion into the cell wall and destruction of membrane integrity.
Wireless motion sensor using ultra-wideband impulse-radio (2010)

Ultra-wideband impulse-radio (UWB-IR) has lately attracted considerable attention because of high range-resolution, penetration against blanket and clothes, low power spectral emission and so on. In medical care or geriatric health care facilities, therefore it is expected to detect the small movement of a resident such as breathing with a remote non-contact approach which is unique as compared with conventional sensors such as infra-red and narrow-band radio. This paper suggests a wireless motion sensor using UWB-IR, which detects various movements of a resident vacating a bedside, room or designated area. It can also monitor the resident's respiration rate in bed. In this paper the measurement was conducted for several scenarios and the usefulness is investigated. As a result, it is found to be useful for ant-wandering and respiratory monitoring.
Molybdenum–Quinone-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds (2022)

In the presence of triphenylphosphine as a mild reductant, the use of catalytic amounts of Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub> and an <i>ortho</i>-quinone ligand enables the intermolecular reductive coupling of aromatic aldehydes and the intramolecular coupling of aromatic ketones to produce functionalized alkenes. Diaryl- and diheteroaryl alkenes are synthesized with high (<i>E</i>)-selectivity and a tolerance toward bromide, iodide, and steric hindrance. Intramolecular coupling of dicarbonyl compounds under similar conditions affords mono- and disubstituted phenanthrenes.
Recherche Documentaires Automatiques Dans le Domaine des Prostaglandines à L'Aide du Système DARC (1979)

Abstract The DARC system, created by professor E. DUBOIS, permits the representation of chemical structures by means of linear and biunivocal topologic descriptors (DEL). The system combines the advantages of a topologic code and those of a fragmentory one. The codification and retrieval is made directly on the basis of the structure and requires no knowledge of the system. A pilot project has been started for novelty and inventivity search purposes; to this end a data bank of approximately 15.000 very similar structures has been utilised.
Dynamic comparisons of piezoelectric ejecta diagnostics (2007)

We investigate the quantitative reliability and precision of three different piezoelectric technologies for measuring ejected areal mass from shocked surfaces. Specifically we performed ejecta measurements on Sn shocked at two pressures, P≈215 and 235 kbar. The shock in the Sn was created by launching a impactor with a powder gun. We self-compare and cross-compare these measurements to assess the ability of these probes to precisely determine the areal mass ejected from a shocked surface. We demonstrate the precision of each technology to be good, with variabilities on the order of ±10%. We also discuss their relative accuracy.