gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pathology of Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections (2010)

Influenza A virus infections may spread rapidly in human populations and cause variable mortality. Two of these influenza viruses have been designated as select agents: 1918 H1N1 virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Knowledge of the pathology of these virus infections in humans, other naturally infected species, and experimental animals is important to understand the pathogenesis of influenza, to design appropriate models for evaluation of medical countermeasures, and to make correct diagnoses. The most important complication of influenza in humans is viral pneumonia, which often occurs with or is followed by bacterial pneumonia. Viremia and extrarespiratory disease are uncommon. HPAI viruses, including HPAI H5N1 virus, cause severe systemic disease in galliform species as well as in anseriform species and bird species of other orders. HPAI H5N1 virus infection also causes severe disease in humans and several species of carnivores. Experimental animals are used to model different aspects of influenza in humans, including uncomplicated influenza, pneumonia, and virus transmission. The most commonly used experimental animal species are laboratory mouse, domestic ferret, and cynomolgus macaque. Experimental influenza virus infections are performed in various other species, including domestic pig, guinea pig, and domestic cat. Each of these species has advantages and disadvantages that need to be assessed before choosing the most appropriate model to reach a particular goal. Such animal models may be applied for the development of more effective antiviral drugs and vaccines to protect humans from the threat of these virus infections.
Arthroscopic Surgery of the Knee on the U.S- Naval Hospital Ships during Operation Desert Shield (1992)

Between September 1990 and January 1991, while deployed to the Persian Gulf for Operation Desert Shield, 118 patients underwent arthroscopic surgery of the knee on the U.S. Naval Hospital Ships USNS Mercy and USNS Comfort. There were 113 men and 5 women, with an average age of 28 years (range, 19-59 years). The most common findings at the time of arthroscopy were meniscus tears (53%), anterior cruciate ligament tears (29%), and normal arthroscopic examinations (9%). There were three complications, two hemarthroses and one superficial portal site infection. Seventy patients (59%) were able to be returned to duty at an average of 6 days post-operatively, obviating the need to evacuate these patients out of the Middle East theater to Europe or the United States, thus avoiding additional delay, expense, and loss of the service member to his military unit.
Methodology to evaluate availability of self-healing agent for structural ceramics (2013)

Simple methodorogy to evaluate availability of self-healing agent have been established from the investigation on the relationship between oxidation behavior of self-healing agent and self-healing phenomena. The consistency of the established methodology was discussed by comparison in the lower bound of the available temperature range of mullite / TiSi2 composite. From TG / DTA analysis, the available temperature range for 10 h healing (TH-10h est) was estimated to be 563 oC. On the other hand, the value of the lower bound of the available temperature range for 10 h healing (TH-10h exp) was experimentally determined to be 600 oC from strength recovery tests. These values showed a good consistency. Also, the data on 1 h healing of mullite / TiSi2 and the reference data on alumina /SiC self-healing ceramics exhibited good consistency. Therefore, the proposed methodology is sufficient for evaluating the advanced healing agent.
Susceptibility of mango fruits to bacterial blackspot - Relations between epiphytic survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae and symptoms occurrence (1989)

Etude de la variation de la sensibilité des mangues `Jose' et `Early Gold'à la bactériose au cours du développement du fruit. Il en résulte que les traitements chimiques ou biologiques doivent être appliqués pendant la croissance du fruit de façon à réduire la population épiphyte du pathogène
Becoming a Sustainable Driver : The Impact of Mobile Feedback Devices (2010)

Feedback devices in combination with smart phones and / or wireless technologies are becoming more and more relevant to be applied in eMobility artifacts such as Electric Vehicles. Additionally, governmental enforcements to reduce CO2 emissions urge for ICT solutions, which enable drivers to become more aware of sustainability. In this conceptual paper, we therefore critically evaluate existing literature in this field and narrow down the research question by comparing it with other related questions. Then, we introduce a sustainable socio-technical model, based on existing socio-technical theories. This extended model could be applied to analyze the impact on feedback devices to increase the awareness of CO2 emissions caused through non-ecological road
transportation.
Novel SOI wafer engineering using low stress and high mobility CMOSFET with &gt;100&lt;-channel for embedded RF/analog applications (2003)

For high performance RF/analog and logic device technology, novel SOI wafer engineering featuring <100>-channel SOI CMOSFET with high-resistivity substrate is proposed. Mobility of PMOSFET is improved about 16% by changing a channel direction from <110> to <100>. Moreover, the reduction of the drive current in narrow channel PMOSFET is suppressed. The maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub max/) for NMOSFET is improved around 7% by changing the buried oxide (BOX) thickness from 400 nm to 150 nm because the self-heating effect is suppressed, and is improved around 5% by changing the substrate resistivity from 10 /spl Omega/cm to 1000 /spl Omega/cm because the power loss is reduced. In this work, the wafer engineering which consists of 1) <100>-channel, 2) optimization of BOX, and 3) high resistivity substrate, is proposed to improve the RF performance of the CMOSFET.
A Colloid Approach to Self-Assembling Antibodies (2019)

Concentrated solutions of monoclonal antibodies have attracted considerable attention due to their importance in pharmaceutical formulations; yet, their tendency to aggregate and the resulting high viscosity pose considerable problems. Here we tackle this problem by a soft condensed matter physics approach, which combines a variety of experimental measurements with a patchy colloid model, amenable of analytical solution. We thus report results of structural antibodies and dynamic properties obtained through scattering methods and microrheological experiments. We model the data using a colloid-inspired approach, explicitly taking into account both the anisotropic shape of the molecule and its charge distribution. Our simple patchy model is able to disentangle self-assembly and intermolecular interactions and to quantitatively describe the concentration-dependence of the osmotic compressibility, collective diffusion coefficient, and zero shear viscosity. Our results offer new insights on the key problem of antibody formulations, providing a theoretical and experimental framework for a quantitative assessment of the effects of additional excipients or chemical modifications and a prediction of the resulting viscosity.
Vertex-Unfoldings of Simplicial Manifolds (2003)

We present an algorithm to unfold any triangulated 2-manifold (in particular, any simplicial polyhedron) into a non-overlapping, connected planar layout in linear time.The manifold is cut only along its edges.The resulting layout is connected, but it may have a disconnected interior; the triangles are connected at vertices, but not necessarily joined along edges.We extend our algorithm to establish a similar result for simplicial manifolds of arbitrary dimension.
A rational approach to activated polyacrylates and polymethacrylates by using a combination of model reactions and SET-LRP of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate and methacrylate (2015)

A new class of activated polyacrylates was elaborated by a combination of model reactions and SET-LRP of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate and methacrylate.
On Universal Distributed Estimation of Noisy Fields with One-bit Sensors (2007)

Abstract — This paper formulates and studies a general distributed field reconstruction problem using a dense network of noisy one–bit randomized scalar quantizers in the presence of additive observation noise of unknown distribution. A constructive quantization, coding, and field reconstruction scheme is developed and an upper–bound to the associated mean squared error (MSE) at any point and any snapshot is derived in terms of the local spatio–temporal smoothness properties of the underlying field. It is shown that when the noise, sensor placement pattern, and the sensor schedule satisfy certain minimal technical requirements, it is possible to drive the MSE to zero with increasing sensor density at points of field continuity while ensuring that the per–sensor bitrate and sensing–related network overhead rate simultaneously go to zero. The proposed scheme achieves the order–optimal MSE versus sensor density scaling behavior for the class of spatially constant spatio–temporal fields. I.
Direct Cell Death Induced by CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies on B Cell Lymphoma Cells Revealed by New Protocols of Analysis (2023)

CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate B cells in several clinical contexts. At least two of these Abs, obinutuzumab (OBI) and rituximab (RTX), induce quick elimination of targets and put cancer patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) within 12-24 h of the first dose. The mechanisms of killing can require the recruiting of effector mechanisms from the patient's immune system, but they can induce direct killing as well. This can be more rapid than recruiting cellular effectors and/or complement. We showed here that OBI and RTX induce quick (<1 h) and high (up to 60% for OBI) killing of two different B cell lines. This was unveiled by using two different techniques that circumvent cell centrifugation steps: a Muse<sup>®</sup> Cell Analyzer-based approach and a direct examination of the cells' physical properties by using forward scatter (FS) area and side scatter (SS) area by flow cytometry. These results excluded the presence of aggregates and were also confirmed by developing a normalized survival ratio based on the co-incubation of RTX- and OBI-sensitive cells with MOLM-13, an insensitive cell line. Finally, this normalized survival ratio protocol confirmed the RTX- and OBI-direct killing on primary tumor B cells from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Moreover, we unveiled that direct killing is higher than previously expected and absent in patients' samples at relapse. We also observed that these mAbs, prior to increasing intracellular calcium levels, decrease calcium entry, although manipulating calcium levels did not affect their cytotoxicity. Altogether, our results show that direct killing is a major mechanism to induce cell death by RTX and OBI mAbs.
Besser leben durch Chemie (1998)

Bisher haben wir einen wichtigen Punkt im Zusammenhang mit Alkohol und Koffein ignoriert: Viele Menschen konsumieren beide Drogen, die dann gleichzeitig durch ihr Gehirn zirkulieren. Das ist zum Beispiel der Fall, wenn man ein Zwei-Drogen-Gebräu wie Irish Coffee (Whiskey und Kaffee) oder Cola-Rum trinkt. Häufiger ist jedoch, daß man alkoholische und koffeinhaltige Getränke in kurzem zeitlichem Abstand zu sich nimmt, so zum Beispiel, wenn eine Mahlzeit mit Wein beginnt und mit einem Espresso endet oder wenn man nach einem langen Tag mit viel Kaffee im Büro abends einen Martini schlürft.
Transfer of an induced preferred retinal locus of fixation to everyday life visual tasks (2017)

Subjects develop a preferred retinal locus of fixation (PRL) under simulation of central scotoma. If systematic relocations are applied to the stimulus position, PRLs manifest at a location in favor of the stimulus relocation. The present study investigates whether the induced PRL is transferred to important visual tasks in daily life, namely pursuit eye movements, signage reading, and text reading. Fifteen subjects with normal sight participated in the study. To develop a PRL, all subjects underwent a scotoma simulation in a prior study, where five subjects were trained to develop the PRL in the left hemifield, five different subjects on the right hemifield, and the remaining five subjects could naturally chose the PRL location. The position of this PRL was used as baseline. Under central scotoma simulation, subjects performed a pursuit task, a signage reading task, and a reading-text task. In addition, retention of the behavior was also studied. Results showed that the PRL position was transferred to the pursuit task and that the vertical location of the PRL was maintained on the text reading task. However, when reading signage, a function-driven change in PRL location was observed. In addition, retention of the PRL position was observed over weeks and months. These results indicate that PRL positions can be induced and may further transferred to everyday life visual tasks, without hindering function-driven changes in PRL position.
Estimation of the biodegradability of packaging materials by a screening test and a weight‐loss method (1994)

Abstract Two methods were studied in order to estimate the degradability of packaging materials, using cellulosic materials—such as cellophane or paraffin waxed paper—as models. A preliminary orientation test was carried out, based on the visual observation of microbial development on the materials used. This qualitative test permitted an initial classification of materials according to their potential degradability, and especially allowed the identification of microbial species, particularly fungi, most likely to grow on the materials being studied. The biofragmentation of materials was evaluated from their dry weight loss. For a fixed time of incubation, the classification of these materials was based either on the percentage or on the absolute value of this weight loss. For the method applied to a solid medium, we found that an inoculum deposited on an agar surface was more suitable than direct inoculation of the samples, in fact, pure fungi strains, especially Trichoderma viride or Aspergillus niger , were found to be more suitable for cellulosic materials than the bacterial strains ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ) or bacterial mixture used.
Statistical Analysis of Electron Transfer Dissociation Pairwise Fragmentation Patterns (2011)

Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is an alternative peptide dissociation method developed in recent years. Compared with the traditional collision induced dissociation (CID) b and y ion formation, ETD generates c and z ions and the backbone cleavage is believed to be less selective. We have reported previously the application of a statistical data mining strategy, K-means clustering, to discover fragmentation patterns for CID, and here we report application of this approach to ETD spectra. We use ETD data sets from digestions with three different proteases. Data analysis shows that selective cleavages do exist for ETD, with the fragmentation patterns affected by protease, charge states, and amino acid residue compositions. It is also noticed that the c(n-1) ion, corresponding to loss of the C-terminal amino acid residue, is statistically strong regardless of the residue at the C-terminus of the peptide, which suggests that the peptide gas phase conformation plays an important role in the dissociation pathways. These patterns provide a basis for mechanism elucidation, spectral prediction, and improvement of ETD peptide identification algorithms.
[Research advances in expression and functions of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in cancers]. (2008)

Erythropoietin (EPO) has firstly known to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation along the erythroid lineage. Recent studies have shown that EPO, a pleiotropic cytokine, is proangiogenic and exerts broad tissue-protective effects in diverse nonhematopoietic organs. A series of studies have documented the expression of EPO and EPO receptor (EPO-R) in various cancer cells. The presence of an autocrine-paracrine EPO/EPO-R system may associate with the potential for stimulation of tumor neoangiogenesis and tumor proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, or modulation of sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. The complex mechanism needs further research. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has been widely used in clinic to treat malignancy-associated anemia. Clinical trials have documented the efficacy of rh-EPO in increasing hemoglobin levels, reducing red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements and improving quality of life in cancer patients. However, three randomized trials reported negative outcomes with rh-EPO, as patients in the rh-EPO arm fared worse than their placebo-treated counterparts with progression-free survival. This review described EPO and EPO-R biology, focusing on the expression, pleiotropic function and mechanism on nonhematopoietic tissues especially on cancer cells.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of pectin lyase A from Aspergillus niger (1996)

The major secreted pectin lyase (E.C. 4.2.2.10) from Aspergillus niger, strain 4M-147, has been purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop method using polyethylene glycol as precipitant. The crystals belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions a = 45.2, b = 83.2, c = 93.1 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) and a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to at least 2.0 A resolution and are suitable for structure determination.
Neuropsychiatric Comorbidity in Obesity: Role of Inflammatory Processes (2014)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent in obesity. In addition to their substantial economic and health impact, these symptoms significantly interfere with the quality of life and social function of obese individuals. While the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity-related neuropsychiatric symptoms are still under investigation and remain to be clearly identified, there is increasing evidence for a role of inflammatory processes. Obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is likely to influence neuropsychiatric status given the well-known and highly documented effects of inflammation on brain activity/function and behavior. This hypothesis is supported by recent findings emanating from clinical investigations in obese subjects and from experimentations conducted in animal models of obesity. These studies converge to show that obesity-related inflammatory processes, originating either from the adipose tissue or gut microbiota environment, spread to the brain where they lead to substantial changes in neurocircuitry, neuroendocrine activity, neurotransmitter metabolism and activity, and neurogenesis. Together, these alterations contribute to shape the propitious bases for the development of obesity-related neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Guest Editorial: Emerging Plasma Nanotechnologies (2022)

The papers in this special section shed light on recent progresses on nanoscience and nanotechnology based on low pressure plasma and atmospheric plasma, whereas it also suggests directions for future research.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Occipital Neuralgia: Surgical Leads (2011)

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been used for the treatment of various neuropathic pain disorders, including occipital neuralgia, for the patients who failed less-invasive therapeutic approaches. Several different mechanisms of pain relief were proposed when PNS is used to treat occipital neuralgia and clinical studies using various types of electrical leads suggested largely positive clinical responses in patients with mostly refractory, severe neuropathic pain. With advancements in cylindrical lead design for PNS and placement/implantation techniques, there are very few clear indications where 'paddle' (surgical) leads could be advantageous. Those include patients who experienced repeated migration of cylindrical lead as paddle lead may provide greater stability, who are experiencing unpleasant recruitment of surrounding muscle and/or motor nerve stimulation and for cases where skin erosions were caused by a cylindrical lead. However, disregarding the type of lead used, multiple clinical advantages of this minimally invasive, easily reversible approach include relatively low morbidity and a high treatment efficacy.
Adrenaline dosage and buffers in cardiac arrest (1998)

Immediate survival among patients in cardiac arrest after three attempted direct current (DC) defibrillations for ventricular fibrillation (VF) or who are in asystole and receiving adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is less than 10%—the hospital discharge rate is less than 2%. Adrenaline is advocated to improve survival.

The recommended dose of adrenaline is 1 mg bolus administered intravenously repeated every three minutes as necessary. A prospective placebo controlled trial of “standard dose” adrenaline (0.01–0.02 mg/kg), however, has not been performed in patients with cardiac arrest. The effects of standard dose adrenaline have been analysed in a large retrospective study of 1360 patients with witnessed out-of-hospital VF.1 Some emergency medical staff were authorised to give standard doses of adrenaline during the observational period. Adrenaline was given to 35% of patients and was associated with a significantly greater rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation and hospital admission. However, there was no significant difference in hospital discharge rates between the two groups. Thus adrenaline and its dosage during cardiac arrest remain controversial.

Administration of high dose adrenaline (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) compared with that of a standard dose in experimental animals after cardiac arrest causes an increase in aortic diastolic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, resuscitation rates, and neurological outcome. However, the fibrillating heart rapidly consumes oxygen. High dose adrenaline may increase myocardial oxygen demand without increasing oxygen availability, and may cause contraction brand necrosis in the myocardium. In addition, ventricular arrhythmias and ventilation perfusion defects are associated with high dose adrenaline. Four large randomised studies have compared high dose and standard dose adrenaline in adults with cardiac arrest.2-5 A further study included a placebo group.6 

The first study reported by Stiell et al in 19922 was performed in-hospital and out-of-hospital. High dose adrenaline (7 mg) was compared with a standard dose (1 mg), each administered at …
Ultrashort pulse propogation in saturable media: A simple physical model (1983)

We present a descriptive model of ultrashort pulse propagation in saturable amplifying and absorbing media, emphasizing a pictorial representation of the relevant parameters. The rate equation approximation is used and the earlier results of Frantz and Nodvik are both generalized and placed in a more intuitive form. A formal procedure is developed for analyzing multilevel systems that are more complicated than the basic two- and four-level models. Examples involving dye mixtures, linear, ring, and colliding pulse mode-locked lasers are presented, illustrating the ease with which the model can be applied.
Through the Looking Glass: Real‐Time Video Using ‘Smart’ Technology Provides Enhanced Intraoperative Logistics (2015)

Live video streaming can improve quality assurance measures by allowing off-site members of the transplant team to participate in the final assessment of donor organ quality. While further studies are needed, this project suggests that the application of mobile 'smart' technology offers not just immediate value, but the potential to transform our approach to the practice of medicine.