gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incentives engineering for structured P2P systems - a feasibility demonstration using economic experiments (2006)

Structured peer-to-peer systems allow to administer large volumes of data. Several peers collaborate to generate a query result. Analyses of unstructured peer-to-peer systems, namely of those for file-sharing, show that peers tend to shirk collaboration. We anticipate similar behavior in structured peer-to-peer systems. Recently, protocols to counter uncooperative behavior in such systems have been proposed. This article examines the behavior of peers under such protocols, using game theory. A first result of this paper is a set of hypotheses, e.g.: Peers answer queries if more than a certain percentage of their queries is answered. In many situations, free-riding does not lead to a break-down of the system. Trust, reciprocity and reputation building via a feedback mechanism are behavioral motives that increase cooperation. As a second step, we have conducted economic experiments with human participants to validate our predictions. Such experiments are important because we do not need to make any assumptions regarding the behavior of peers. It turns out that the predictions remain valid in these experiments.
Personalised News and Blog Recommendations based on User Location, Facebook and Twitter User Profiling (2016)

This demo presents a prototype mobile app that provides out-of-the-box personalised content recommendations to its users by leveraging and combining the user's location, their Facebook and/or Twitter feed and their in-app actions to automatically infer their interests. We build individual models for each user and each location. At retrieval time we construct the user's personalised feed by mixing different sources of content-based recommendations with content directly from their Facebook/Twitter feeds, locally trending articles and content propagated through their in-app social network. Both explicit and implicit feedback signals from the users' interactions with their recommendations are used to update their interests models and to learn their preferences over the different content sources.
Use of the orthogonal system of Laguerre-Gaussian functions in the theory of circularly symmetric optical waveguides (1982)

Using the Ritz method and the reference solution of the scalar wave equation for the infinitely extended parabolic-index profile (Laguerre-Gaussian functions), we calculate the field distributions and propagation constants for weakly guiding fibers having arbitrary circularly symmetric index profiles. We show that the solution reduces to a homogeneous real-symmetric matrix-eigenvalue problem, whose eigenvalues give the propagation constant of the desired mode. We present results for infinitely extended alpha profiles, for a parabolic profile with uniform cladding, and for a parabolic profile with an axial symmetric dip or hump.
Synthesis of New Chiral 6-Carbonyl 2,3,8,8a-Tetrahydro-7H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridines (2005)

[reaction: see text] The preparation of new chiral 6-carbonyl 2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-7H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridines by an efficient two-step procedure is described.
Adenosine Inhibits Growth of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Via A2BReceptors (1998)

Adenosine inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth. However, the effects of adenosine on human vascular SMC proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, are unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of exogenous and endogenous (SMC-derived) adenosine on human aortic SMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. Growth-arrested SMCs were stimulated with 2.5% fetal calf serum (FCS) in the presence and absence of adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine (stable adenosine analogue), and with agents that increase endogenous adenosine levels, including erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), dipyridamole, and iodotubericidin. All of these agents inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner FCS-induced SMC proliferation as assessed by DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation) and cell counting, as well as collagen synthesis (3H-proline incorporation). EHNA, dipyridamole, and iodotubericidin increased extracellular levels of adenosine by 1.7-fold to 18-fold when added separately to SMCs, and EHNA+iodotubericidin and EHNA+iodotubericidin+dipyridamole increased extracellular adenosine levels by more than 392-fold. Both KF17837 (selective A2 antagonist) and DPSPX (A1/A2 antagonist), but not DPCPX (selective A1 antagonist), blocked the antimitogenic effects of 2-chloroadenosine, EHNA, and dipyridamole on DNA and collagen synthesis, suggesting the involvement of A2A and/or A2B, but excluding the participation of A1, receptors. The lack of effect of CGS21680 (selective A2A agonist), excluded involvement of A2A receptors and suggested a major role for A2B receptors. A comparison of the inhibitory potencies of 2-chloroadenosine, N6-cyclopentyladenosine (selective A1 agonist), NECA (A1/A2 agonist), and MECA (A1/A2 agonist) were consistent with an A2B receptor subtype mediating the inhibitory effects of adenosine on human aortic SMC proliferation. In conclusion, human aortic SMCs synthesize adenosine, and exogenous as well as endogenous (SMC-derived) adenosine inhibits SMC proliferation and collagen synthesis via activation of A2B receptors.
Extra projection data identification method for fast-continuous-rotation industrial cone-beam CT (2013)

Fast-continuous-rotation is an effective measure to improve the scanning speed and decrease the radiation dose for cone-beam CT. However, because of acceleration and deceleration of the motor, as well as the response lag of the scanning control terminals to the host PC, uneven-distributed and redundant projections are inevitably created, which seriously decrease the quality of the reconstruction images. In this paper, we first analyzed the aspects of the theoretical sequence chart of the fast-continuous-rotation mode. Then, an optimized sequence chart was proposed by extending the rotation angle span to ensure the effective 2π-span projections were situated in the stable rotation stage. In order to match the rotation angle with the projection image accurately, structure similarity (SSIM) index was used as a control parameter for extraction of the effective projection sequence which was exactly the complete projection data for image reconstruction. The experimental results showed that SSIM based method had a high accuracy of projection view locating and was easy to realize.
Industrialisation Study of Nanocomposite nc‐TiC/a‐C Coatings for Electrical Contact Applications (2009)

DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200932303 The author would like to announce the following corrections: On page S930, last column of Table 1 was erroneous, corrected table is presented below:
Methanethiol SAMs Induce Reconstruction and Formation of Cu+ on a Cu Catalyst under Electrochemical CO2 Reduction (2020)

Cu electrode-based electrochemical CO2 reduction using renewable energy is a promising method for conversion of CO2 to useful compounds such as methane, ethylene, and ethanol. Heteroatom-doped and/or -derived Cu as oxide-derived Cu has been investigated in context of development of a stable catalyst with high selectivity, whereas the role of heteroatoms is not yet well understood. It is not known whether heteroatoms act as a moiety of the catalyst or simply induce reconstruction of the catalyst. This work is an investigation of the role of the heteroatom in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with a Cu electrode modified with methanethiol monolayers (MT–Cu), which is able to distinguish the presence of heteroatom contamination originating from electrolyte or air. Controlled potential electrolysis of CO2 using an MT–Cu electrode at −1.8 V at Ag/AgCl exhibits greater selectivity for C2 products than an unmodified polycrystalline Cu electrode (bare Cu). On the other hand, a sulfur-modified Cu (S–Cu) electrode predominantly generates formate as a CO2 reduction product. In an investigation of the mechanism, an in situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy instrument is used as a powerful surface analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) are also employed in the investigation. The spectroscopic data show that reconstruction and formation of Cu+ on the Cu surface occur at negative potential greater than −1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl by electrochemical reduction of methanethiol monolayers. DFT calculations are also performed under conditions close to the experimental conditions of electrical bias and aqueous electrolyte. The results indicate that a roughened surface is favorable for generating C2 products. In addition, the Cu+ moiety promotes generation of C2 products, demonstrating that the doped heteroatom plays a crucial role in electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Hemodynamic and Histopathologic Benefits of Early Treatment with Macitentan in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

MAC treatment at an earlier stage significantly attenuated experimental PAH progression hemodynamically and histopathologically.
The anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee with varus alignment (1992)

Thirty-two patients with an ACL-deficient knee and lower limb varus alignment and 16 healthy controls were analyzed during level walking using a force-plate and optoelectronic system. The forces and moments of the lower limb and knee joint were measured and knee joint loads and ligament tensile forces were calculated using a mathematical model. The majority of patients (20 of 32) had an abnormally high adduction moment at the affected knee. The adduction moment showed a statistically significant correlation to high medial tibiofemoral compartment loads and high lateral soft tissue forces, but not to the degree of varus alignment on standing roentgenograms. Fifteen of 32 knees had abnormally high lateral soft tissue forces. We interpreted these gait findings as indicative of a medial shift in the center of maximal joint pressure and an increase in lateral soft tissue forces to achieve coronal plane stability. Further, there is the likelihood of separation of the lateral tibiofemoral joint and "condylar lift-off" during periods of the stance phase. If this occurs, all of the load-bearing forces would shift to the medial tibiofemoral joint and relatively large tensile forces would occur in the lateral soft tissue restraints. The flexion moment, as related to the quadriceps muscle force, was significantly lower than the control knees in 40% of the involved knees, and the extension moment, as related to the hamstring muscle force, was significantly higher in 50% of the involved knees. We interpret this finding as a gait adaptation tending to diminish quadriceps muscle activity and enhance hamstring muscle activity to provide dynamic anteroposterior stability of the knee joint. The fundamental assumption of this paper is that any combination of conditions leading to higher medial joint forces is associated with factors leading to more rapid degeneration of the medial compartment in patients with ACL deficiency, varus deformity, and lax lateral ligaments.
Isolation and Sequencing of a cDNA Clone Encoding a 20-kDa Protein with Trypsin Inhibitory Activity (2000)

The amino acid sequence of a novel trypsin inhibitor (p20) was completed by the molecular cloning of the protein in cultured soybean cells. The clone nucleotide contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 206 amino acids that shows 45-50% sequence homology to members of the Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor family. The p20 transcript is expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of soybean seedlings. DNA gel blot analyses show that the p20 in soybean is encoded by a single gene, and that this gene may not contain an intron.
10/2.5 Gbps demonstration in extra-large PON prototype (2007)

We describe the concept, realiation and tests of a fullfunctional prototype for a future extralarge passive optical network. 10 Gbps downstream and 2.5 Gbps burstmode upstream traffic at 100 km reach and 1:512 split was achieved. (2 pages)
A blockchain based mobile crowdsensing market (2019)

Mobile crowdsensing(MCS) is an emerging pattern which means task initiators attract mobile users sensing with their own devices by some platforms. MCS could exploit idle resources in low cost, while it has lots of flaws, which impede its developments. First, isolations between different MCS systems leads to wastage of social resources. What's more, current MCS always operate in a centralized way, which causes it vulnerable and unbelievable. Blockchain is a promising technology which could supply a credible and transparent environment. This paper construct a blockchain based MCS market and design smart contract for its operation. In our design, platform breaks isolation by blockchain, task initiators and mobile users manage their tasks by smart contract and bargain price with distributed algorithm. By this way, resource could be exploited better, and the market could be more fair. What's more, the paper analyzes Walrasian Equilibrium (WE) in the market, and details how to deploy MCS in blockchain. Evalution results shows that Equilibrium could be found.
3. The Foundations of Causal Inference (2010)

This paper reviews recent advances in the foundations of causal inference and introduces a systematic methodology for defining, estimating, and testing causal claims in experimental and observational studies. It is based on nonparametric structural equation models (SEM)—a natural generalization of those usedby econometricians and social scientists in the 1950s and 1960s, which provides a coherent mathematical foundation for the analysis of causes and counterfactuals. In particular, the paper surveys the development of mathematical tools for inferring the effects of potential interventions (also called “causal effects” or “policy evaluation”), as well as direct and indirect effects (also known as “mediation”), in both linear and nonlinear systems. Finally, the paper clarifies the role of propensity score matching in causal analysis, defines the relationships between the structural and potential-outcome frameworks, and develops symbiotic tools that use the strong features of both.
A new family of 1,2,3-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide phosphonate derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation (2016)

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT A new family of 1,2,3-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide phosphonate derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluationAll authorsHacène K'tir, Zineb Aouf, Tan Otea Souk, Rachida Zerrouki, Malika Berredjem & Nour-Eddine Aoufhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2016.1274992Published online:15 March 2017
Avoiding Program Failures Through Safe Execution Perturbations (2008)

We present an online framework to capture and recover from program failures and prevent them from occurring in the future through safe execution perturbations. The perturbations are safe as they respect the semantics of the program. We use a checkpointing/logging mechanism to capture a program execution to an event log. If the execution results in a failure, the framework automatically searches for perturbation of the execution by altering the event log and replaying the execution using the altered log to avoid the failure. If found, the perturbation is recorded as a dynamic patch, which is later applied by all future executions of this application to prevent the failure from occurring again. Our experiments show that the proposed framework is very effective in avoiding concurrency faults, heap memory overflow faults, and malicious requests. The entailed overhead for normal execution is very low (2-18%).
Inhibition of migration of endothelial cells by type V collagen and high molecular weight kininogens. (1997)

The failure of synthetic vascular grafts in humans is complex and related not only to the type of material but also to the accumulation of cellular and noncellular components onto or within the material. Proteins that adsorb on biomaterials such as vascular grafts may be involved in modulating cell function. Of these components, type V collagen and high molecular weight kininogens (HMWKs) are known to localize on the surface of vascular grafts. We have investigated the effect of type V collagen and HMWKs in the prevention of endothelialization of vascular prostheses by inhibiting cell migration. Inhibition of endothelial cell migration may lead to incomplete endothelialization and thus, failure of these devices. Various concentrations of type V collagen and HMWK solutions were placed at the bottom of 24 well tissue culture plates with porous membrane inserts (8 microns pore size) placed on top. Suspended human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were placed on top of the insert and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 hours. Following incubation, the inserts were fixed and the cells that migrated through the pores were counted by microscopy. Our results showed that migration of endothelial cells was significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner by type V collagen and HMWKs.
Clinical features and outcome of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who use narcotics: A case–control study (2008)

Narcotic use in IBD patients is associated with female gender, >or=2 previous surgeries, moderate to severe pain, and clinical disease activity, depression, anxiety, sexual, emotional and physical abuse, and substance abuse.
Effects of Alloying on Elpasolite Halide Scintillators. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
The FUS3 transcription factor functions through the epidermal regulator TTG1 during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (2003)

Loss-of-function mutations in the FUSCA3 (FUS3) gene of Arabidopsis result in alterations in cotyledon identity, inability to complete late seed maturation processes, and the premature activation of apical and root embryonic meristems, which indicates that this transcription factor is an essential regulator of embryogenesis. Although FUS3 shows a complex pattern of expression in the embryo, this gene is only required in the protoderm to carry out its functions. Moreover, the epidermal morphogenesis regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) is negatively regulated by FUS3 in the embryo. When a loss-of-function ttg1 mutation is introduced into a fus3 mutant, a number of fus3-related phenotypes are rescued, indicating a functional TTG1 gene is required to manifest the fus3 mutant phenotype. It therefore appears that one of the functions of FUS3 is to restrict the domain of expression of TTG1 during embryogenesis. The FUS3-TTG1 interaction is both maternal and zygotic, suggesting a complex relationship is required between these gene products to allow correct seed development.
Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement: Early Outcomes Measures (2008)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Impact of anisotropy in spin-orbit coupling on the magneto-optical properties of bulk lead halide perovskites (2022)

The renaissance of interest in halide perovskites, triggered by their unprecedented performance in optoelectronic applications, elicited worldwide efforts to uncover a variety of intriguing physical properties, with a particular interest in spin-orbit effects. The current work presents the first magneto-optical experimental evidence for anisotropic electron-hole interactions arising from bulk orthorhombic ${\mathrm{MAPbBr}}_{3}$. Magneto-photoluminescence spectra, monitored along with several different crystallographic directions, were dominated by dual exciton emission peaks, while each exhibited a highly nonlinear response to a magnetic field. Moreover, these plots depicted asymmetry from $\ensuremath{-}{B}_{0}$ to $+{B}_{0}$, with a strong dependence on the axis of observations. A theoretical model implementing anisotropy in the electron-hole interaction, Rashba effect, Land\'e $g$ factors, and a lesser contribution from an Overhauser effect, corroborated the experimental results. These research discoveries expand the possible applications of excitons in halide perovskites toward optoelectronic and information devices.
Cyclodextrin‐based nanosponges: a versatile platform for cancer nanotherapeutics development (2016)

Nanosponges (NSs) are a new age branched cyclodextrin (CD) polymeric systems exhibiting tremendous potential in pharmaceutical, agro science, and biomedical applications. Over the past decade, different varieties of NS based on the type of CD and the crosslinker have been developed tailored for specific applications. NS technology has been instrumental in achieving solubilization, stabilization, sustained release, enhancement of activity, permeability enhancement, protein delivery, ocular delivery, stimuli sensitive drug release, enhancement of bioavailability, etc. There is a major explosion of research in the area of NS-aided cancer therapeutics. A wide of anticancer molecules both from a pharmacological and physicochemical perspective have been developed as NS formulations by several groups including ours. Our objective in this review is to capture a systematic and comprehensive snapshot of the state-of-the-art of NS-aided cancer therapeutics reported so far. This review will provide an ideal platform for both the formulation scientists working on new polymeric/drug development and cancer biologists/scientists to understand the current nanotechnologies in CD-based NS-aided cancer therapeutics. The scope of the review is limited to small molecules and CD-based NS. The review covers in detail the problems associated with anticancer small molecules, and the solution provided by CD-based NS specifically for camptothecin, curcumin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, resveratrol, quercetin, oxygen-NS, temozolomide, doxorubicin, and 5-Fluorouracil. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:579-601. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1384 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Corrigendum: Operando X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Shows Iron Oxidation Is Concurrent with Oxygen Evolution in Cobalt–Iron (Oxy)hydroxide Electrocatalysts (2018)

Figure S3b was corrected in the revised Supporting Information for this Communication, which is published online along with this Corrigendum.
Evidence for the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in Thin Superconducting Aluminum Films (1980)

The complex impedance of an aluminum film with normal-state sheet resistance of 4130 \ensuremath{\Omega}/sq has been measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The experiment provides convincing evidence that there is a vortex-antivortex dissociation transition of the type predicted by the theory of Kosterlitz and Thouless for topological long-range order in two dimensions.
Metabolism of l-arabinose in plants (2016)

L-Arabinose (L-Ara) is a plant-specific sugar accounting for 5-10 % of cell wall saccharides in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). L-Ara occurs in pectic arabinan, rhamnogalacturonan II, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan-protein (AGP), and extensin in the cell walls, as well as in glycosylated signaling peptides like CLAVATA3 and small glycoconjugates such as quercetin 3-O-arabinoside. This review focuses on recent advances towards understanding the generation of L-Ara and the metabolism of L-Ara-containing molecules in plants.