gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motor Neuron Disease (2004)

Abstract Motor neuron disease (MND) is a common but devastating disability that has a profound impact on people's lives. This book provides an easily-accessible guide to the disease for patients with motor neuron disease and their carers. The authors have organised it around a series of the commonest questions asked in their clinic, emphasising the variation in the course of MND and the individual nature of the patient journey through the disease. After an initial description of the symptoms for MND and how neurologists make the diagnosis the authors describe what is known about the causes and how scientists are trying to understand the disease. The book also looks at how a team of specialists can provide support and symptom control for the patient
Determination of metal ions using ion chromatography and indirect amperometric detection (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of metal ions using ion chromatography and indirect amperometric detectionHosein. Hojabri, Aideen G. Lavin, Gordon G. Wallace, and J. M. RivielloCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 54–57Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00128a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experience with Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in the Management of Retroperitoneal Tumors with Large Vena Caval Thrombi (1990)

From June 1984 to September 1989, 43 patients with large vena caval tumor thrombi from retroperitoneal malignancies underwent surgical treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). The primary malignancies were renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 39), renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (n = 1), adrenal pheochromocytoma (n = 1), and renal (n = 1) or retroperitoneal (n = 1) sarcoma. The level of the caval thrombus was either suprahepatic (n = 27), intrahepatic (n = 14), or subhepatic (n = 2). In all cases the primary tumor and caval thrombus were completely removed. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 5), pulmonary resection (n = 2), and hepatic lobectomy (n = 1). The time of circulatory arrest ranged from 10 to 44 minutes (mean, 23.5 minutes). There were two operative deaths (4.7%), neither of them due to to the use of DHCA. Major postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (30.2%). There were no ischemic or neurologic complications and no cases of perioperative tumor embolization. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 days. Twenty-two patients (51%) are alive and enjoying a good quality of life. The 3-year patient survival rates in patients with localized (n = 24) versus metastatic (n = 15) RCC are 63.9% and 10.9%, respectively (p = 0.02). We conclude that CPB with DHCA facilities excision of retroperitoneal malignancies with large caval thrombi and provides the potential for cure with low morbidity and mortality rates.
Automatic generation of device drivers (2003)

This paper proposes a new approach to resolve the problem of device driver development: To design a domain specific language, named DEVIL+ . With this language, users can write a complete device driver, including: interrupt handler, timer controller, logic controller and so on. DEVIL+ allows a description to be checked for consistency and completeness. This not only improves the safety of the device driver but also uncovers bugs as early as possible in the development process.
Photoplethysmogram combined with the Art of Eastern Pulse Analysis: a Novel Way to Assess Body and Mind Energy Balance (2021)

The photoplethysmogram (PPG) is currently used to assess the autonomic nervous system in wearable sensors but the PPG also contains additional information about the arterial system and mental state. This knowledge was known by ancient medicinal system, especially those from the Eastern countries. We present a work that combines the Tibetan medicine concepts of three fundamental energies or humours called Tripa, Lung and Beken with modern techniques of PPG signal analysis to derive a holistic view on the state of a person.
<title>Corneal surgery by two-dimensional scanning of a low-energy excimer laser beam</title> (1994)

We describe a new multipurpose maskless method of corneal surgery based on the point-by-point scanning of a focused laser beam which allows the application of a low-energy excimer laser. The crucial scanning parameters to achieve a smooth corneal surface have been investigated. A computer program for the simulation and optimization of the point-by-point scanning process has been developed and tested on contact lenses consisting of PMMA. In addition, a method of measuring the eye-movement by means of the computer-assisted interpretation of photographs was proved for its application in an eye-tracking-system.
Maximize then optimize the reduction efficiency in a kraft recovery boiler (2014)

The key determinant of reduction efficiency in kraft recovery boilers is the temperature at the char bed. At least one commercial system optimizes the air distribution and adjusts the liquor temperature and pressure in order to maximize the temperature at the char bed and thus optimizes the reduction efficiency. This system is quite expensive and has a payback time of approximately two years. In contrast, a two-wall primary air system has a payback time of the order of six months and is a low-cost method of increasing the effectiveness of the primary air system by improving gas mixing which results in better combustion, a hotter lower furnace, higher reduction efficiency, higher thermal efficiency, less carryover, fewer dregs and a quieter dissolving tank. More than 15 years of operating experience with two-wall fully-opposed primary air jets have been accumulated at various mills and all the boilers tested have exhibited higher temperatures in the lower furnace and a stable char bed. Further improvements have been demonstrated in a short trial with two-wall partially-interlaced primary air jets on a large unit. A short boiler trial, if desired, is sufficient to confirm that twowall primary air will improve the reduction efficiency. The paper concludes that two-wall primary air should be employed to maximize the reduction efficiency and then a commercial system for optimizing the reduction efficiency should be installed.
Reversal of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Fe/GaAs (110) films driven by surface relaxation: An in situ ferromagnetic resonance study (2020)

We report an in situ study of the time evolution of magnetic anisotropy constants of an uncapped 4 nm [∼27 monolayers (ML)] Fe film epitaxially grown on a GaAs (110) substrate at room temperature under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The structural and chemical properties are monitored by low energy electron diffraction and Auger spectroscopy with a sensitivity of 0.01 ML. The in situ UHV ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) study over a period of 6 days in &amp;lt;10−9 Pa reveals that there is a slow magneto-morphological transition of the Fe film surface at room temperature. The resonance field measured in situ in the [11−0] direction initially changes at a rate of 0.3 mT/h within 30 h after deposition and later at 0.1 mT/h over 80 h. We determine the time-dependent changes in the in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy constants and find a sign change in the uniaxial in-plane anisotropy in the first 24 h due to morphological changes at the surface. The in situ FMR measurements and the Auger analysis allow us to exclude changes in the magnetization and anisotropy due to the contamination and oxidation of the Fe film.
Corrected QT interval prolongation after ganglionated plexus ablation: myth or reality?—Authors’ reply (2021)

perform multi-centre studies with large number of patients and many time courses to clarify the influence of PVI on the QT-interval.However, we do not agree that only patients off antiarrhythmic drugs should be included but think the inclusion criteria should meet daily practice.
Subterahertz detection by high electron mobility transistors at large forward gate bias (2003)

The electron delay time associated with the electron propagation across the FET gate barrier layer under high positive gate bias is expected to induce a dynamic negative differential conductance and enhance the growth of plasma waves in the channel. This dynamic negative conductance is related to the phase shift between the current and voltage waveforms caused by the electron time delay during the electron tunneling through the gate barrier. We present experimental investigations of the plasma wave detector responsivity at 200 GHz and 600 GHz radiation for long channel AlGaAs/GaAs and AlGaInN/GaN based HEMTs at 8 K and 300 K. The appearance of detector response correlated with an increase of the injected gate current under the forward gate bias is reported for both types of the investigated devices. Our results confirm that a large gate current can enhance the excitation of plasma waves.
Concordant down-regulation of proto-oncogene PML and major histocompatibility antigen HLA class I expression in high-grade prostate cancer. (2003)

Recognition of tumor cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes depends on cell surface MHC class I expression. As a mechanism to evade T cell recognition, many malignant cancer cells, including those of prostate cancer, down-regulate MHC class I. For the majority of human cancers, the molecular mechanism of MHC class I down regulation is unclear, although it is well established that MHC class I down-regulation is often associated with the down-regulation of multiple genes devoted to antigen presentation. Since the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) proto-oncogene controls multiple antigen-presentation genes in some murine cancer cells, we analyzed the expression of proto-oncogene PML and MHC class I in high-grade prostate cancer. We found that 30 of 37 (81%) prostate adenocarcinoma cases with a Gleason grade of 7-8 had more than 50% down-regulation of HLA class I expression. Among these, 22 cases (73.3%) had no detectable PML protein, while 4 cases (13.3%) showed partial PML down-regulation. In contrast, all 7 cases of prostate cancer with high expression of cell surface HLA class I had high levels of PML expression. Concordant down-regulation of HLA and PML was observed in different histological patterns of prostate adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that in high-grade prostate cancer, malfunction of proto-oncogene PML is a major factor in the down-regulation of cell surface HLA class I molecules, the target molecules essential for the direct recognition of cancer cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Neuronavigation with Skull Segmentation and Acoustic Modeling for Guiding Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging (2021)

Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging (tABI) combines ultrasound (US) with radiofrequency detection to map electrical currents in the brain at the mm and ms scales. To optimize tABI and ensure safe exposure, a feedback system is required to monitor and track the US beam through the skull. This study proposes combining a real-time neuronavigation system with acoustic modeling and MRI-based skull segmentation to optimize transcranial US delivery. We developed a testbed to estimate targeting accuracy and algorithms to optimally steer and focus US through the human skull for tABI and other applications that require US delivery to the brain. The optimized system is modeled to deliver focused US to brain targets through the skull with a FWHM of 3.88mm at the focus with steering at sub-mm accuracy, enabling safe and accurate guidance of tABI. The integrated system allows for a prediction of the US beam trajectory through the human skull with registration to clinical images for guidance and improving accuracy of real-time tABI.
Synthesis of specific polychlorinated dibenzofurans (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of specific polychlorinated dibenzofuransAllan P. Gray, Vito M. Dipinto, and I. J. SolomonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 14, 2428–2434Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00876a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00876a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmentally induced DNA changes in plants (1983)

The environment has been shown to induce heritable changes in three plant systems, namely flax, Nicotiana rustica, and soybean cell suspension cultures. Changes in nuclear DNA sequences associated with the induction phenomenon have been demonstrated in both flax and soybean. In flax, which has been most extensively studied, the overall variation in the nuclear DNA is described together with a number of transcribed and nontranscribed sequences which have been shown to vary. Possible mechanisms by which the observed DNA changes could arise are discussed and the phenomenon of environmentally induced DNA variation compared with examples of gene amplification or deletion in other systems.
<title>IR target detection and clutter reduction using the interacting multiple-model estimator</title> (1998)

The significant challenge in long range low SNR IR target acquisition is performing reliable target detection and classification while maintaining a reasonable false alert rate. Existing IR systems experience excessive amounts of clutter and false alerts. A target motion discriminator (TMD) technique based on the interacting multiple model using probabilistic data association with amplitude information estimation algorithm is presented to exploit the consistency of position and motion information observed consistency of position and motion information observed over multiple scans to form a robust classification decision. Several motion class models reside within the TMD, to provide accurate target state estimates and target likelihood functions for both maneuvering and non- maneuvering contacts. Classification performance is dramatically enhanced by using a 'no target model' to reject contacts which exhibit erratic motion, i.e., inconsistent with a target motion model while promoting contacts with consistent motion. The accurate estimation of target dynamics obtained by the IMM approach provides the capability to reject clutter and reliability detect a dim threat. A robust sequential likelihood ratio test which minimizes the decision time and improves target declaration performance is developed and demonstrated using real data collected under various environmental conditions.
Tunneling spectroscopy in barrier-separated two-dimensional electron-gas systems (1991)

Tunneling processes between subbands in two independently contacted two-dimensional electron-gas systems on a GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As-GaAs heterostructure were investigated. The theoretical results obtained by self-consistent calculations are in excellent agreement with the values for the subband energies determined by tunneling spectroscopy. If a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the planes of the sample, additional structures in the derivative of the current-voltage characteristics are identified as tunneling processes between different Landau levels on both sides of the barrier. With in-plane magnetic fields, the conservation of the canonical momentum results in a very large broadening of the subband resonances. As a consequence, the mean values of the wave functions, even for unoccupied subbands, can be directly determined.
Structure of organic aerogels. 1. Morphology and scaling (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of organic aerogels. 1. Morphology and scalingR. W. Pekala and D. W. SchaeferCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 20, 5487–5493Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00072a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00072a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1442Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Analysis of Finite Length Non-Binary Raptor Codes under Ordered Statistics Decoder (2019)

Raptor code is the current standard of 4G long term evolution (LTE) evolved multimedia broadcast and multi-cast services (eMBMS), which is viewed as a potential approach in the design of ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC) for 5G. This paper analyzes the performance of finite length non-binary (over finite field of order q, GF(q)) Raptor codes under ordered statistics decoder (OSD) towards uRLLC, where the non-binary Raptor code ensembles by a non-binary low density parity-check (LDPC) code as pre-code and a non-binary inner Luby transform (LT) code. Moreover, by investigating the property of code structure and decoding algorithm, an upper bound of decoding failure probability (DFP) of finite length non-binary Raptor code under OSD is derived. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our derived upper bound, and demonstrate that our non-binary Raptor codes can achieve 10â'5 DFP with block length 128 bits at SNR 3.6 dB.
Stable microplasmas in air generated with a silicon inverted pyramid plasma cathode (2005)

Stable microdischarges, /spl sim/0.5-1 mm in length, are produced in atmospheric air by extracting plasma from a (50 /spl mu/m)/sup 2/ inverted pyramidal Si microdischarge device which serves as a plasma cathode. Both metal and dielectric tips have been successfully tested as the extraction electrode and driving frequencies up to 20 kHz have been demonstrated. The plasma column, or conduit, generated is well behaved and essentially cylindrical with a diameter smaller than the width of the Si cathode device.
Gnome trader: a location-based augmented reality trading game (2016)

We explore a location-based game concept that encourages real-world interactions and gamifies daily commuting activities.Enhanced with augmented reality technology, we create an immersive, pervasive trading game called Gnome Trader, where the player engages with the game by physically traveling to predefined locations in the city and trading resources with virtual gnomes.As the virtual market is a crucial component of the game, we take special care to analyze various economic game mechanics.We explore the parameter space of different economic models using a simulation of the virtual economy.We evaluate the overall gameplay as well as the technical functionality through several play tests.
Rationale for Combination Antifungal Therapy (2001)

The relentless increase of invasive fungal infections and poor outcomes associated with available antifungal agents prompted the search for better therapeutic strategies. Combining antifungal drugs was recommended as a means to enhance efficacy in a variety of invasive infections including cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis. With the exception of cryptococcal meningitis, data from controlled clinical trials supporting such combinations are sparse. Moreover, little consensus exists regarding which combinations are synergistic or antagonistic in vitro and in vivo. Based on available data, several principles underlie these combinations.
Recent Patented Applications of Ion-Exchange Membranes in the Agrifood Sector (2011)

Ion-exchange membranes (IEM) are used in the agri-food sector since the early 1950s. Their main applications are based on the demineralization of agri-food products or effluents. In these applications, anion- and cation-exchange membranes are stacked alternatively in an electrodialysis cell to produce two solutions, one concentrated and one impoverished in minerals. In this article we will focus on the recent patents published in the 5 last years and presenting the more recent uses and applications of ion-exchange membranes in this sector. These patents concerns mainly, the rectification of wine and grape juice, the production of salt and concentrated mineral solutions, the production of drinking water and functional drinking water, the demineralization of dairy and plants products, the production of sugar derivates, the bacterial decontamination of solution and the demineralization and purification of fermentation broth. These approaches will be discussed in terms of originality and novelty in comparison with current applications, as well as for their potential of application in the sector. Keywords: Ion-exchange membranes, electrodialysis, biotechnology, food