gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COVIDTrach; the outcomes of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy in the UK: Interim Report (2020)

Abstract COVIDTrach is a UK multidisciplinary collaborative project that aims to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. An invitation to participate in an online survey tool (REDCap) was disseminated to all UK NHS departments involved in tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Fifty-two percent (n=219/465) of patients who had undergone tracheostomy and were still alive, had been successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation at the point of completing the survey. The all cause in-hospital mortality following tracheostomy was 12% (n=62/530), with 3% of these (n=2/62) due to tracheostomy related complications and the remaining deaths due to COVID-19 related complications. Amongst 400 cases submitting data two weeks after the tracheostomy, no instance of COVID-19 infection amongst operators was recorded. This interim report highlights early outcomes following tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Future reporting from COVIDTrach will include more detailed analysis at later timepoints using comparator groups in order to provide a more comprehensive assessment of tracheostomy in COVID-19.
A Fast Adaptive Multiple Algorithm for Particle Simulations. Revision (1987)

An adaptive algorithm has been constructed for the rapid evaluation of the potentials and force fields due to large scale ensembles of particles of the type encountered in plasma physics, molecular dynamics, fluid dynamics (the vortex method), and celestial mechanics. The algorithm is applicable whenever the fields to be evaluated are Coulombic or gravitational in nature, and yields the potentials to within round-off error. The asymptotic CPU time estimate for the algorithm is of the order O(N), where N is the number of particles in the simulation, and this estimate is independent of the statistics of the charge distribution. Our numerical experiments indicate a tendency of the scheme to be more efficient for non-uniform distributions than for uniform ones. The storage requirements of the algorithm are of the order O(N), do not depend on the statistics of the distribution, and tend to be quite acceptable even for very large numbers of particles. In this paper, a two-dimensional version of the algorithm is described. Generalizing it to the three-dimensional case is fairly straightforward, and will be reported at a later date.
Disadvantages of high fluid infusion rate in cardiac surgery (2022)

Koskinen, Atte; Aittokallio, Jenni; Gunn, Jarmo; Relander, Arto; Viikinkoski, Emma; Vasankari, Tuija; Jalkanen, Juho; Hollmén, Maija; Kiviniemi, Tuomas O. Author Information
Influence of an ambient magnetic field on the nonlinear modulational stability of circularly polarized electromagnetic pulses in a two-component neutral plasma (1989)

This paper extends our previous results (Kates &amp; Kaup 1989) on the nonlinear modulational stability properties of plasma electromagnetic pulses to include the presence of an ambient magnetic field B 0 parallel to the direction of propagation. As before, the pulse is assumed to be sufficiently strong to accelerate particles to weakly, but not fully, relativistic velocities. The positive component may consist of either positrons or singly charged ions, and no specific assumptions or approximations are made concerning the mass ratio of the components (previous work assumed a positron—electron plasma). The plasma is assumed to be fully ionized. The effects of a finite temperature are included for generality. Using singular perturbations, we derive approximate solutions that describe the evolution of a circularly polarized pulse. The envelope is shown to evolve over long time scales according to the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Relativistic corrections and pon-deromotive forces both contribute terms cubic in the amplitude. (In contrast with the case studied in Kates &amp; Kaup (1989), harmonic effects vanish identically here because of circular polarization.) A positron-electron plasma without magnetic fields was shown in our previous paper to be modulationally stable , except in the case of finite temperature, where modulational instability is possible near the plasma frequency ω p . Here it is shown that, even for a cold plasma, the presence of an ambient magnetic field makes a decisive difference: modulational instability can arise within a broad range of frequencies and values of B 0 , in particular for a pure positron-electron plasma. For given B 0 and polarization we demonstrate the existence of critical frequencies for the onset of modulational instability. This result has important consequences for observations of pulsar micropulses and possible technological applications.
Acoustic Filter-and-Sum Beamforming by adaptive Principal Component Analysis (2006)

For human-machine interfaces in distant-talking environments multichannel signal processing is often employed to obtain an enhanced signal for subsequent processing. In this paper we propose a novel adaptation algorithm for a filter-and-sum beamformer to adjust the coefficients of FIR filters to changing acoustic room impulses, e.g. due to speaker movement. A deterministic and a stochastic gradient ascent algorithm are derived from a constrained optimization problem, which iteratively estimates the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the cross power spectral density of the microphone signals. The method does not require an explicit estimation of the speaker location. The experimental results show fast adaptation and excellent robustness of the proposed algorithm.
High-frequency acoustic systems for robotic applications (1986)

High-frequency ultrasonic systems, operating in the 200-kHz to 1-MHz frequency range and using air as the acoustic coupling medium are an effective complement to optical systems for robotic and industrial measurement applications. An air-coupled ultrasonic system was developed which produces well damped and focussed ultrasonic beams with good spatial resolution. Tests show that distance measurements with a resolution of 0.001 in. can be made through several inches of air at a rate of several hundred Hz. Focused transducers can reduce the effective area of measurement to below 0.05 in. at the focal point. The system was employed in several applications, including parts profiling, thickness testing, and the detection of missing parts. The apparent advantages that acoustic devices have over optical systems include lower cost by a factor of 5 or 10, and a higher speed of operation by perhaps 2 orders of magnitude.
Recipient HLA-G +3142 CC Genotype and Concentrations of Soluble HLA-G Impact on Occurrence of CMV Infection after Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation (2017)

The expression modulation of the immunosuppressive non-classical Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) molecule and its soluble isoforms is an immune evasion strategy being deployed by cytomegalovirus (CMV). The +3142 C>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) is of crucial importance for the regulation of HLA-G expression. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of the +3142 C>G HLA-G SNP on the occurrence of CMV infection in a cohort of 178 living-donor kidney recipients and their 178 corresponding donors. In addition, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels were quantified before and after transplantation. The presence of the HLA-G +3142 CC genotype in recipients, but not donors of our cohort as along with elevated sHLA-G levels (≥ 6.1 ng/mL) were associated with higher susceptibility to CMV infection after transplantation. Our results provided evidence that i) HLA-G is implicated in the establishment of CMV after living-donor kidney transplantation and ii) recipient HLA-G +3142 CC genotype and sHLA-G concentration levels could represent important predictive risk markers for CMV infection.
Relaxation schemes for mathematical programmes with switching constraints (2019)

Switching-constrained optimization problems form a difficult class of mathematical programmes since their feasible set is almost disconnected while standard constraint qualifications are likely to fail at several feasible points. That is why the application of standard methods from nonlinear programming does not seem to be promising in order to solve such problems. In this paper, we adapt several relaxation methods which are well known from the numerical treatment of mathematical programmes with complementarity constraints to the setting of switching-constrained optimization. A detailed convergence analysis is provided for the adapted relaxation schemes of Scholtes as well as Kanzow and Schwartz. While Scholtes' method and the relaxation scheme of Steffensen and Ulbrich only find weakly stationary points in general, it is shown that the adapted relaxation scheme of Kanzow and Schwartz is capable of identifying Mordukhovich-stationary points of switching-constrained programmes under suitable assumptions. Some computational experiments and a numerical comparison of the proposed methods based on examples from logical programming, switching control, and portfolio optimization close the paper.
Second harmonic generation from nanoslits in metal substrates: applications to palladium-based H<sub>2</sub> sensor (2008)

We conducted a theoretical investigation of second harmonic generation and other nonlinear features that result from the magnetic Lorentz force, when a single aperture is cut on a thick, opaque palladium substrate. We studied the dependences of linear pump transmission and second harmonic generation near resonance conditions, and explored the different physical mechanisms and their dependences, for example, geometrical features. We found that it is possible to exploit field localization and surface plasmon generation to enhance second harmonic generation in the regime of extraordinary transmittance of the pump field. Both transmitted and backward second harmonic generation conversion efficiencies were investigated. The results reveal that it may be possible to access several potential new applications. In particular, we demonstrated that the exploitation of a combination of nonlinear effects and enhanced transmission makes possible a palladium-based device suitable for H2-leak-detection.
Decorrelating compensation scheme for coefficient errors of a filter bank parallel A/D converter (2003)

A parallel A/D conversion scheme with a filter bank for low-IF receivers is presented. The analysis filters of the filter bank divide the frequency components of the received signal, and achieve parallel A/D conversion. Therefore, the required conversion rates and the resolution of the A/D converters can be reduced and the receiver can demodulate wideband signals. As the analysis filters consist of analog components, their coefficients include errors. These errors cause mutual interference between signals in orthogonal frequencies. In order to remove this interference, a decorrelating compensation scheme is proposed.
Modeling the effect of reliability on performance (1990)

In many high-reliability systems, subsystem or component failures that do not cause a system failure can still degrade system performance. When modeling such systems, ignoring the effect of reliability on performance can lead to incomplete or inaccurate results. In the present work, performability modeling, the combined analysis of reliability and performance, is introduced; some examples of applications where performance and reliability need to be modeled together are given; a strategy for modeling the effect of reliability on performance is outlined and metrics that help quantify this effect are discussed. Some mathematical models for performability are introduced and an example is used to illustrate how such models can be applied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Differential Mass Component for Signal Processing Using MEMS (2007)

A complete topological equivalence between network representations of mechanical and electrical systems is hindered by the inertial mass element, represented as an equivalent capacitor with a pin always connected to ground (inertial reference system). This limits the class of synthesizable mechanical filters from equivalent electrical prototypes by excluding the schematics that have floating capacitors. This restriction motivates the introduction of a differential mass component. It is shown that this new component would make it possible to implement a simple third order Chebyshev bandpass filter which can not be implemented using standard masses, springs and dampers.
Correction to “Z-Selective Metathesis Homocoupling of 1,3-Dienes by Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide (MAP) Complexes” (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Z-Selective Metathesis Homocoupling of 1,3-Dienes by Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide (MAP) Complexes"Erik M. Townsend, Richard R. Schrock*, and Amir H. HoveydaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 45, 16430Publication Date (Web):November 7, 2017Publication History Published online7 November 2017Published inissue 15 November 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.7b11214https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11214correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1610Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (180 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A signal transducer for aerotaxis in Escherichia coli (1997)

The newly discovered aer locus of Escherichia coli encodes a 506-residue protein with an N terminus that resembles the NifL aerosensor and a C terminus that resembles the flagellar signaling domain of methyl-accepting chemoreceptors. Deletion mutants lacking a functional Aer protein failed to congregate around air bubbles or follow oxygen gradients in soft agar plates. Membranes with overexpressed Aer protein also contained high levels of noncovalently associated flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We propose that Aer is a flavoprotein that mediates positive aerotactic responses in E. coli. Aer may use its FAD prosthetic group as a cellular redox sensor to monitor environmental oxygen levels.
Long-Term Alteration of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Antibiotic Combination Therapy (2014)

Previous work has demonstrated that intestinal bacteria, such as Fusobacterium varium (F. varium), contribute to the clinical activity in ulcerative colitis (UC); thus, an antibiotic combination therapy (amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole (ATM)) against F. varium can induce and maintain UC remission. Therefore, we investigated whether ATM therapy induces a long-term alteration of intestinal microbiota in patients with UC. Patients with UC were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Biopsy samples at the beginning of the trial and again at 3 months after treatment completion were randomly obtained from 20 patients. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) in mucosa-associated bacterial components was examined to assess the alteration of the intestinal microbiota. Profile changes of T-RFLP in mucosa-associated bacterial components were found in 10 of 12 patients in the treatment group and in none of 8 in the placebo group. Dice similarity coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (Dice-UPGMA) confirmed that the similarity of mucosal microbiota from the descending colon was significantly decreased after the ATM therapy, and this change was maintained for at least 3 months. Moreover, at 3 months after treatment completion, the F. varium/β-actin ratio, examined by real-time PCR using nested PCR products from biopsy samples, was reduced less than 40% in 8 of 12 treated patients, which was higher, but not significantly, than in 4 of 8 patients in the placebo group. Together, these results suggest that ATM therapy induces long-term alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with UC, which may be associated, at least in part, with clinical effects of the therapy.
The Influence of the Adsorption of Amphiphiles and Resins in Controlling Asphaltene Flocculation (2001)

Amphiphiles are frequently used to prevent asphaltene precipitation in reservoir rocks and wellbore tubing. It is supposed that these substances can stabilize the asphaltenes forming a steric stabilization layer around them. In this study, adsorption isotherms of two amphiphiles (nonylphenol and nonylphenolic resin) and a native resin on asphaltene particles are obtained in order to analyze the relationship between adsorption and effectiveness of these compounds as asphaltene stabilizers. The comparison of the three isotherms reveals a significant difference between the adsorption behavior of the amphiphiles and the resin fraction in terms of the shape of the isotherm. Nonylphenol and nonylphenolic resin adsorption isotherms show an LS-shape that can be explained using an adsorption mechanism in two steps. The adsorption isotherm of the native resin can be explained by penetration of the micropores of the asphaltene particles by resin molecules. There were found significant differences in the activity of the studied compounds as asphaltene precipitation inhibitors that can be linked to the adsorption behavior of these species. In particular, the native resins seem to show an activity stabilization mechanism different than that found for the other species studied.
Efficient Harvesting of Nannochloropsis Microalgae via Optimized Chitosan‐Mediated Flocculation (2018)

Abstract Food‐grade rather than synthetic or chemical flocculants are needed for microalgae harvesting by settling, if used for food products. Chitosan is effective in harvesting freshwater microalgae, but it is expensive and typically not suitable for marine microalgae like Nannochloropsis . To minimize costs for food‐grade flocculation, a number of potentially important parameters are considered, including chitosan solubility and optimized chitosan‐mediated flocculation of Nannochloropsis sp. BR2 by a five‐factor central composite design experiment. Results show that an optical density (440 nm) of 2 (0.23 g dry weight L −1 ), initial pH of 6, final pH of 10, and 22 ppm chitosan with a viscosity of 1808 cP provide optimum flocculation efficiency, which is predicted to be in the range of 97.01% to 99.93%. These predictions are verified on 4.5 and 8 L Nannochloropsis sp. BR2 cultures.
Barriers and Motivators for Referral of Patients with Suspected Lynch Syndrome to Cancer Genetic Services: A Qualitative Study (2014)

This article explores the views of general practitioners and specialists on their referral of patients with suspected Lynch syndrome to cancer genetic services. Using a purposive maximum variation sampling strategy, we conducted semi-structured interviews face-to-face with 28 general practitioners and specialists in public or private hospitals and specialist clinics between March and August 2011. General practitioners and specialists were recruited in a major metropolitan area in Australia. Interview transcripts were reviewed by two independent researchers, and thematic analysis was performed using NVivo10 software. The main barriers and motivators identified were: (1) clinician-related (e.g., familiarity with Lynch syndrome and family history knowledge); (2) patient-related (e.g., patients' interests and personal experience with cancer); and (3) organizational-related (e.g., access to services, guidelines and referral pathway). Referral of patients with suspected Lynch syndrome to cancer genetic services is motivated and hindered by a range of individual, interpersonal and organizational factors. In order to improve the care and quality of life of patients and family with suspected Lynch syndrome, further research is needed to develop supportive tools for clinicians.
A Pilot Study of the Impact of Metaphylactic Treatment at Processing on Lung Lesions at Slaughter (2000)

The utility of metaphylactic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory treatment in prevention of cattle lung lesions was examined. Sixty-nine, single source, ranch direct, fall weaned steers were allocated to treatment or no treatment groups at feedlot arrival in February, 1999. Treatment consisted of single subcutaneous administration of NuflorTM (florfenicol, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 18 mg/lb bodyweight and BanamineTM (flunixin meglumine, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 1 mg/lb bodyweight. All steers were weighed, vaccinated with a modified live IBR/PI3 vaccine, implanted, and identified by ear tag. Cattle were fed for maximum gain on a corn-based diet. At harvest, after 133 days on feed, lungs were observed for lesions indicative of previous pneumonia and scored using an established system. Hot carcass weight, quality grade, and yield grade was collected on each carcass. Results indicate that while lung lesions were prevalent (43.3% of cattle affected), treatment had no effect on the prevalence of lung lesions at slaughter. In addition, lung lesions were not associated with feedlot average daily gain or quality grade. 'This small study suggests that prevalence of lung lesions in low risk cattle will not be affected by administration of metaphylactic treatment with Nuflor/Banamine at processing.
Feasibility of using limited‐population‐based arterial input function for pharmacokinetic modeling of osteosarcoma dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data (2008)

For clinical dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI studies, it is often not possible to obtain reliable arterial input function (AIF) in each measurement. Thus, it is important to find a representative AIF for pharmacokinetic modeling of DCE-MRI data when individual AIF (Ind-AIF) measurements are not available. A total of 16 patients with osteosarcomas in the lower extremity (knee region) underwent multislice DCE-MRI. Reliable Ind-AIFs were obtained in five patients with a contrast injection rate of 2 cc/s and another five patients with a 1 cc/s injection rate. Average AIF (Avg-AIF) for each injection rate was constructed from the corresponding five Ind-AIFs. For each injection rate there are no statistically significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters of the five patients derived with Ind-AIFs and Avg-AIF. There are no statistically significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of the 16 patients when the two Avg-AIFs were applied in kinetic modeling. The results suggest that it is feasible, as well as practical, to use a limited-population-based Avg-AIF for pharmacokinetic modeling of osteosarcoma DCE-MRI data. Further validation with a larger population and multiple regions is desirable.