gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does flat mean slow? LCD monitors and their temporal precision for visual experiments (2007)

Up to now, the vast majority of psychophysical experiments requiring a high precision of visual stimuli are performed on cathode-ray-tube (CRT) monitors. These devices have been standard computer monitors for decades, and their temporal characteristics are well known. However, the production of most CRT monitors lines has been discontinued owing to the wide adoption of flat liquid-crystal-display (LCD) panels for most applications. On the other hand, many experimenters still avoid using LCD monitors as their display characteristics have not yet been assessed for psychophysical purposes. This work, based on systematic measurements of different LCD panels, assesses the usability of LCD monitors in vision research with regard to their temporal precision. We compared the signals of CRT monitors with those of current LCD technologies. While timing precision and controllability of LCD monitors still lags behind those of CRT devices, technologies such as amp;amp;lsquo;Overdriveamp ;amp;amp ;lsquo; allow pe rforming visual experiments with tolerably high precision if certain conditions are taken into account. Advise is given on selecting the best-matching technology.
Impact of the Oral Commensal Flora on Alveolar Bone Homeostasis (2014)

Homeostasis of healthy periodontal tissues is affected by innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora. Recent comparisons of germ-free (GF) and normal specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice have revealed the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora on alveolar bone height. Prior reports that alveolar bone height is significantly less in normal SPF mice compared with their age- and strain-matched GF counterparts suggest that naturally occurring alveolar bone loss is a normal component of healthy periodontal tissue homeostasis. In this report, histomorphometric analyses confirmed increased alveolar bone loss and revealed increased numbers of TRAP+ osteoclastic cells lining the alveolar bone surface in SPF compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of RANKL+ cells and IL17+ cells in the periodontium of SPF mice demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms mediating the up-regulated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss in SPF mice compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of T-lymphocytic cells and T-helper cells in the junctional epithelium of SPF mice compared with GF mice suggest that the adaptive immune response contributes to physiologic alveolar bone loss in the healthy periodontium. This GF animal model study notably begins to elucidate the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora, mediating catabolic alveolar bone homeostasis in the healthy periodontium.
Primary vs Secondary Retrograde Approach in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (2022)

Use of retrograde approach as the primary crossing strategy is associated with higher rates of technical and procedural success and similar rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events compared with secondary retrograde CTO-PCI.
Captopril and its dimer captopril disulfide: comparative structural and conformational studies (2015)

The crystal structures of captopril {systematic name: (2 S )-1-[(2 S )-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid}, C 9 H 15 NO 3 S, (1), and its dimer disulfide metabolite, 1,1′-{disulfanediylbis[(2 S )-2-methyl-1-oxopropane-3,1-diyl]}bis-L-proline, C 18 H 28 N 2 O 6 S 2 , (2), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , while compound (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 , both with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The molecular geometries of (1) and (2) are quite similar, but certain differences appear in the conformations of the five-membered proline rings and the side chains containing the sulfhydryl group. The proline ring adopts an envelope conformation in (1), while in (2) it exists in envelope and slightly deformed half-chair conformations. The conformation adopted by the side chain is extended in (1) and folded in (2). A minimum-energy conformational search using Monte Carlo methods in the aqueous phase reveals that the optimized conformations of the title compounds differ from those determined crystallographically, which depend on their immediate environment. Intermolecular O—H...O and relatively weak C—H...O interactions seem to be effective in both structures and, together with S—H...O and C—H...S contacts, they create three-dimensional networks.
Assessment of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer algorithm for retrieval of aerosol parameters over the ocean (2007)

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol algorithm over the ocean derives spectral aerosol optical depth and aerosol size parameters from satellite measured radiances at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). It is based on the adding of apparent optical properties (AOPs): TOA reflectance is approximated as a linear combination of reflectances resulting from a small particle mode and a large particle mode. The weighting parameter eta is defined as the fraction of the optical depth at 550 nm due to the small mode. The AOP approach is correct only in the single scattering limit. For a physically correct TOA reflectance simulation, we create linear combinations of the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of small and large particle modes, in which the weighting parameter f is defined as the fraction of the number density attributed to the small particle mode. We use these IOPs as inputs to an accurate multiple scattering radiative transfer model. We find that reflectance errors incurred with the AOP method are as high as 30% for an aerosol optical depth of 2 at 550 nm. The retrieved optical depth has a relative error of up to 8%, and the retrieved fraction eta has an absolute error of approximately 6%. We show that the use of accurate radiative transfer simulations and a bimodal fraction f yields accurate values for the retrieved optical depth and the fraction f.
Magnesium silicate conjugated with calcium lignosulfonate: In situ synthesis and comprehensive physicochemical evaluations (2018)

Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii ISSN 0137-1282 (1977-1999)
Supplementary Data from Targeting the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System Using the UBA1 Inhibitor TAK-243 is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Targeting the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System Using the UBA1 Inhibitor TAK-243 is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Small-Cell Lung Cancer
An in vivo highly antitumor-active tetrazolato-bridged dinuclear platinum(ii) complex largely circumvents in vitro cisplatin resistance: two linkage isomers yield the same product upon reaction with 9-ethylguanine but exhibit different cytotoxic profiles (2012)

Cytotoxicity assays of azolato-bridged dinuclear Pt(II) complexes, [{cis-Pt(NH(3))(2)}(2)(μ-OH)(μ-azolato)](2+), where the azolato was pyrazolato (1), 1,2,3-triazolato-N1,N2 (2), tetrazolato-N1,N2 (3), or tetrazolato-N2,N3 (4), were performed in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (PC-9 and PC-14). These complexes largely circumvented the cisplatin resistance in both cell lines, with resistance factors for 1-4 in the range of 0.5-0.8 and 0.9-2.0 for PC-9 and PC-14 cells, respectively. Complex 4 exhibited approximately 10 times the cytotoxicity of 3. When 3 and 4 were reacted with 2 molar equiv. of 9-ethylguanine (9EtG), they yielded an identical product, [{cis-Pt(NH(3))(2)(9EtG-N7)}(2)(μ-tetrazolato-N1,N3)](3+), that had N1,N3 platinum coordination through a Pt(II) migration process on the tetrazolate ring. The second-order rate kinetics of these isomers were almost the same as each other and faster than those of 1 and 2. The cytotoxicity of azolato-bridged complexes, except for 3, increases as their kinetic rates in the 9EtG reaction increase.
Basic concepts of active dispersionless metamaterial based on non-foster elements (2010)

Recently introduced concept of active non-Foster metamaterial is reviewed with an emphasis on the counter-intuitive background physics. A basic building block of this active metamaterial is an active ‘tank circuit’ that contains both conventional reactance and non-Foster negative reactance. It is shown that active metamaterial is stable if equivalent permittivity or permeability is arbitrarily small but positive number (ENZ or MNZ metamaterial). It is also shown that this metamaterial may be extremely broadband (several octaves) with almost no dispersion. The propagation within the operating band may support counter-intuitive superluminal phase and group velocities. However, causality is always preserved due to finite bandwidth of any realistic non-Foster element. Several illustrative examples of practical 1D and 2D active ENZ metamaterials developed at University of Zagreb are presented.
Seropositivity rates and GMTs/GMCs before (pre-challenge) and 1 month after (post-challenge) a polysaccharide challenge dose had been given (booster ATP cohort for immunogenicity) (2015)

*&lt;p&gt;DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC&lt;/p&gt;**&lt;p&gt;DTPw-HBV/Hib&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PSA/C = serogroup A/C polysaccharide ; % subjects = percentage of subjects with seroprotective/seropositive titre/concentration of at least 1:8 (SBA-MenA/C), 0.3 μg/ml (anti PSA/C), 95% CI = 95% confidence interval&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;GMT/GMC = geometric mean antibody titre/concentration calculated on all subjects.&lt;/p&gt;
Selective tumor kill of cerebral glioma by photodynamic therapy using a boronated porphyrin photosensitizer. (1995)

The prognosis for patients with the high-grade cerebral glioma glioblastoma multiforme is poor. The median survival for primary tumors is < 12 months, with most recurring at the site of the original tumor, indicating that a more aggressive local therapy is required to eradicate the unresectable "nests" of tumor cells invading into adjacent brain. Two adjuvant therapies with the potential to destroy these cells are porphyrin-sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT) and boron-sensitized boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The ability of a boronated porphyrin, 2,4-(alpha, beta-dihydroxyethyl) deuteroporphyrin IX tetrakiscarborane carboxylate ester (BOPP), to act as a photosensitizing agent was investigated in vitro with the C6 rat glioma cell line and in vivo with C6 cells grown as an intracerebral tumor after implantation into Wistar rats. These studies determined the doses of BOPP and light required to achieve maximal cell kill in vitro and selective tumor kill in vivo. The data show that BOPP is more dose effective in vivo by a factor of 10 than the current clinically used photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative and suggest that BOPP may have potential as a dual PDT/BNCT sensitizer.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5, Methods from Angiopoietin-2 Regulates Gene Expression in TIE2-Expressing Monocytes and Augments Their Inherent Proangiogenic Functions (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5, Methods from Angiopoietin-2 Regulates Gene Expression in TIE2-Expressing Monocytes and Augments Their Inherent Proangiogenic Functions
Data from Cholesterol Sensitivity of Endogenous and Myristoylated Akt (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The serine-threonine kinase, Akt, has been linked to cholesterol-sensitive signaling mechanisms, suggesting a possible means whereby cholesterol might affect tumor cell growth and survival. However, it has not been shown whether Akt itself, as distinct from upstream components of the pathway (e.g., membrane phosphoinositides), can be directly responsible for cholesterol-mediated effects. Consistent with this possibility, we identified an Akt1 subpopulation in cholesterol-rich lipid raft fractions prepared from LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Phosphorylation of this Akt subspecies was ablated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol-binding compound, under conditions where nonlipid raft-resident Akt was unaffected. A myristoylated Akt1 (MyrAkt1) fusion protein expressed in LNCaP cells was found to be highly enriched in lipid rafts, indicating that oncogenic Akt is overrepresented in cholesterol-rich membranes compared with wild-type Akt. Notably, lipid raft-resident MyrAkt1 exhibited a markedly distinct substrate preference compared with MyrAkt1 immunoprecipitated from cytosol and nonraft membrane fractions, suggesting a redirection of signal transduction when the protein is present in cholesterol-rich membranes. Expression of MyrAkt1 in LNCaP cells overcame their characteristic dependence on constitutive signaling through the phosphoinositide 3′-kinase pathway. This protective effect was substantially diminished with cyclodextrin treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt substrates in lipid raft fractions, but not in cytosol/nonraft membrane fractions, was ablated with cyclodextrin. In addition, in control (LacZ transfected) cells, lipid raft fractions were relatively enriched in phosphorylated Akt substrates. Collectively, these data show that a subpopulation of Akt is cholesterol sensitive and that the oncogenic effects conferred by myristoylation arise, in part, from the tendency of the membrane-targeted form of the protein to reside in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6238–46]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Alkaline ceramidase 2 regulates β1 integrin maturation and cell adhesion (2008)

The polypeptide core of the integrin beta1 subunit (beta1) is glycosylated sequentially in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex to form beta1 precursor and mature beta1, respectively. The beta1 precursor to mature beta1 conversion, termed beta1 maturation, regulates the cell surface levels and function of beta1-containing integrins, beta1 integrins. Here we demonstrate that the human alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), a Golgi enzyme, regulates beta1 maturation by controlling the generation of sphingosine. ACER2 overexpression inhibited beta1 maturation, thus leading to a decrease in the levels of mature beta1 in T-REx HeLa cells, whereas RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ACER2 enhanced beta1 maturation in MCF-7 cells. ACER2 overexpression decreased the cell surface levels of beta1 integrins, thus inhibiting cell adhesion to fibronectin or collagen, whereas ACER2 knockdown has the opposite effects. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased both the expression of ACER2 and the generation of sphingosine in HeLa cells and inhibited beta1 maturation. ACER2 knockdown attenuated the inhibitory effects of ATRA on both beta1 maturation and cell adhesion. In contrast, treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, decreased the expression of ACER2 and sphingosine in T-REx HeLa cells, thus enhancing beta1 maturation. ACER2 overexpression inhibited the stimulatory effects of PMA on both beta1 maturation and cell adhesion. These results suggest that the ACER2/sphingosine pathway plays an important role in regulating beta1 maturation and cell adhesion mediated by beta1 integrins.
Neonatal myasthenia gravis in the infant of a myasthenic mother in remission (1979)

A 26-year-old woman was in spontaneous clinical remission from myasthenia gravis (MG) for six months, yet gave birth to a full-term infant with typical neonatal MG. It is believed that transplacental transfer of anti-acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antibodies is responsible for neonatal MG; therefore, neonatal MG represents an in vivo assay of the pathogenic potential of anti-ACh receptor antibodies in 2 human individuals. Anti-ACh receptor antibodies were present in both mother and infant (titers 12.3 X 10(-9) and 4.4 X 10(-9) moles per liter, respectively) at the time of birth, and both mother's and infant's sera accelerated the degradation of ACh receptors in myotube cultures. This case suggests that "host factors" unique to the individual appear to modify or even determine whether the presence of anti-ACh receptor antibodies will result in clinical myasthenia.
Multiwavelength tunable liquid-crystal etalon filter (1991)

Using a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot etalon with multielement electrodes, the authors demonstrated a tunable filter capable of simultaneously filtering many wavelengths in the 1.2-1.6 mu m wavelength region. The configuration is demonstrated by tuning two wavelengths independently by applying different voltages to two electrodes. Each of the passbands could be tuned over the free spectral range (65 nm) with an applied voltage of 1 to 3 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of zinc acetate to treat copper toxicosis in dogs (1992)

Zinc acetate was used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis in 3 Bedlington Terriers and 3 West Highland White Terriers. Two dogs of each breed were treated for 2 years, and 1 of each breed for 1 year. A dosage of 200 mg of elemental zinc per day was required to achieve therapeutic objectives related to copper, which included a doubling of plasma zinc concentration to 200 micrograms/dl and a suppression of oral 64 copper absorption. The dosage was later reduced to 50 to 100 mg/day to avoid an excessive increase in plasma zinc concentration. The preliminary clinical results were good. Three dogs had mild to moderate active liver disease and high liver copper concentrations at the time of initiation of zinc administration. Biopsy of the liver 2 years later revealed a reduction in hepatitis and copper concentrations. One other dog without active hepatitis also had a reduction in hepatic copper concentrations over a 2-year period. All 6 dogs have done well clinically. On the basis of these findings, we believe zinc acetate to be an effective and nontoxic treatment for copper toxicosis in dogs.
Evaluation of the Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Produced from Region 6 Local Materials (2018)

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17CLSU05. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference: "The project objective is to develop cost-effective Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with locally available ingredients in Region 6 to address the deficiencies observed in ordinary concrete materials. The study explored the utilization of two types of river sands (coarse and fine), two types of PVA fibers (long and short), four levels of cement replacement with Class F fly ash, and the implementation of recycled crumb rubber in the performance of ECC materials. A total of 24 mix designs were prepared and evaluated in compression, tension, and bending to assess its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the cracking characteristics of the materials produced were evaluated to assess the durability potential of these composites. Lastly, the cost of each mix design and the feasibility of ECC implementation in transportation infrastructure were assessed. The experimental results showed that implementing crumb rubber and/or increasing contents of fly ash in the mixtures produced a positive impact in the ductility of the materials. However, a tradeoff between ductility and strength was observed. Furthermore, the utilization of the different types of sand evaluated in this study produced minor effects in the mechanical properties of ECCs evaluated. The properties of the materials developed in this study were exceedingly superior than that of regular concrete. It was concluded that ECC materials are promising for the future of transportation infrastructure."
Nonplanar adsorption and orientational ordering of porphyrin molecules on Au(111) (2001)

Saddle-shaped deformation of planar porphyrin molecules is accomplished by rotations of four phenyl-based substituents, which results from optimum adsorption onto Au(111) surface. The nonplanar macrocyclic conformation is clearly visualized by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and confirmed by molecular orbital calculations. Inside of the supramolecular molecular islands, we find that two different orientations of the nonplanar porphyrins are randomly distributed. An orientational ordering is obtained after short thermal excitations, which should be associated with steric intermolecular interactions between substituents.
Catalytic Conversion of Monophenols to Ortho‐Quinones in a Tyrosinase‐Like Fashion: Towards More Biomimetic and More Efficient Model Systems (2013)

Abstract A new tyrosinase model based on the mononuclear copper(I) complex CuL bzm 1 is synthesized and characterized. The ligand L bzm 1 of this system contains a combination of an imine and a benzimidazole function which renders the system more biomimetic in comparison to the recently published L py 1 model of tyrosinase (M. Rolff, J. Schottenheim, G. Peters, F. Tuczek, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010 , 122 , 6583). As shown by UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy, the CuL bzm 1 complex catalytically mediates the conversion of the monophenol DTBP‐H to the o ‐quinone DTBQ with a TON of 31. This reaction was also conducted in a stoichiometric fashion to get information about the involved intermediates and identify possible reasons for the observed increase in catalytic performance with respect to the L py 1 system. DFT calculations were performed for the μ‐catecholato dicopper intermediate, compound 4 bzm . These calculations indicate a mixed valent Cu I ‐semiquinone‐Cu II structure, indicating that one‐electron transfer from the monohydroxylated substrate to the copper centers has already occurred at this stage.
Evaluation of Pork Loin Freshness Using Absorbance Characteristic of Near-Infrared (2008)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising technique for large-scale meat quality evaluation. Freshness, as well as meat quality, is an important parameter for consumers in purchasing this product. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spectra in the range 950-1650 nm were used for freshness measurement of pork loin. Three parameters, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total microbes (TM), were used as indicators to estimate the freshness. Fifty loin muscle samples from ten independent batches were stored at 5C 1C. The freshness parameters and NIR spectra were measured during 18 days of storage at 4-day intervals. Pre-processing of NIR spectra was conducted before statistical analysis. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) were used as calibration and validation for models to predict the parameters from the near-infrared spectra. Concerning the number of variables used for model development, the PLSR models were reasonable in estimating VBN, TBA, and TM of pork. The coefficients of determination between spectra and each parameter using PLSR were 0.8212, 0.5895, and 0.7804 with standard errors of cross-validation (SECV) of 2.11, 0.13, and 0.79, respectively, for VBN, TBA, and TM.
Dysregulated heme oxygenase-1low M2-like macrophages augment lupus nephritis via Bach1 induced by type I interferons (2018)

Our data suggest that dysregulated M2-like Mϕ play a proinflammatory role in LN. Bach1 is a potential therapeutic target that could restore the anti-inflammatory property of M2 Mϕ.