gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive Defense Against Adversarial Attacks for Deep Learning as a Service in Internet of Things (2020)

Nowadays, Deep Learning as a service can be deployed in Internet of Things (IoT) to provide smart services and sensor data processing. However, recent research has revealed that some Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can be easily misled by adding relatively small but adversarial perturbations to the input (e.g., pixel mutation in input images). One challenge in defending DNN against these attacks is to efficiently identifying and filtering out the adversarial pixels. The state-of-the-art defense strategies with good robustness often require additional model training for specific attacks. To reduce the computational cost without loss of generality, we present a defense strategy called a progressive defense against adversarial attacks (PDAAA) for efficiently and effectively filtering out the adversarial pixel mutations, which could mislead the neural network towards erroneous outputs, without a-priori knowledge about the attack type. We evaluated our progressive defense strategy against various attack methods on two well-known datasets. The result shows it outperforms the state-of-the-art while reducing the cost of model training by 50% on average.
High Hydrostatic Pressure Pasteurization of Red Wine (2006)

ABSTRACT: Pasteurization of low‐alcohol wine using a high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) process was studied. A total of 10 mL grape wine sealed in a nylon/LLDPE bag was placed inside the HHP chamber. The pressure applied to the treatment chamber was maintained at 1000 to 3500 atm for 0 to 30 min. The effects of HHP treatments on the physiochemical properties (alcohol, pH, acidity, total sugar) and microbes (aerobic bacteria, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria) were examined. The HHP treatments had little impact on the physiochemical properties. The pasteurization effect of the HHP treatments increased with treatment pressure and time. A total of 2 different stages in the microbial inactivation were noticed when the 1st‐order reaction model was used to fit the inactivation data. The inactivation rate was higher in the initial stages than in the later stages, suggesting that might be 2 different groups of the microorganisms, a more HHP‐susceptible group and a less HHP‐susceptible group.
INTERACTION OF ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOSIDES WITH GAMMA CYCLODEXTRIN STUDIED BY CHARGE-TRANSFER THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (1999)

The interaction of twelve 8-substituted-2'-deoxyadenosine and seventeen 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives with gamma-cyclodextrin (GCD) was studied by charge-transfer chromatography carried out on reversed-phase layers and the elative strength of interaction was calculated. GCD formed inclusion complexes with the majority of drugs modifying in this manner the lipophilicity of the uncomplexed molecule. The capacity of Antiviral nucleosides to form inclusion complexes differed considerably depending on their chemical structures.
Rapid, regiospecific syntheses of deuterium substituted 6‐[18F]fluorodopamine (α,α‐D2; β,β‐D2 and α,α,β,β‐D4) for mechanistic studies with positron emission tomography (1993)

Abstract Doubly labeled ( 18 F and deuterium) 6‐fluorodopamine (6‐FDA) isotopomers were prepared to probe the contribution of metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) on the kinetics of 6‐[ 18 F]FDA in baboon heart. Specifically deuterated 6‐[ 18 F]FDA‐α,α‐D 2 and 6‐[ 18 F]FDA‐β,β‐D 2 were prepared by a six‐step synthesis starting from nucleophilic aromatic substitution with NCA [ 18 F]fluoride on 6‐nitropiperonal or 6‐nitropiperonal‐D in a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 3‐10% (EOB). 6‐[ 18 F]FDA‐α,α,β,β‐D 4 was prepared in 4 steps in a radiochemical yield of 16‐20% (EOB) and specific activity 2‐5 Ci/μmol (EOB). The regiospecificity of deuterium substitution in the synthesis of 6‐[ 18 F]FDA‐α,α,β,β‐D 4 was verified using piperonal as a substrate.
The Cardiac Clinic and Hospital--Their Value in the Control of the Rheumatic Infection (1929)

Within recent years there has been much discussion of the care of the rheumatic child. This has resulted in great part from our altered attitude to the pathology of rheumatism. The modern conception of rheumatisml is that it is a chronic infection akin to tuberculosis. After the contagium vivum- whatever its nature-gains entrance to the bodv it lingers for long periods, dormant perhaps at times but with a great tendency to light up every now and again. Hence it is no longer considered sufficient to treat the acute manifesta- tions as they arise, or right to look upon the (lisease as cuire(I after their sub- sidence, but that for a long time afterwards treatment should be continued and a close watch kept for the development of a recruldescence. So far as the hospital class is concerned, an(d it is this class which provides the vast majoritv of our examples, this supervision may be carried out while the child is still at home through periodic visits to an out-patient clinic or by having him resident in a special hospital set apart for the pulrpose.
[Multicenter Prospective Observational Study of Fungal Keratitis--Identification and Susceptibility Test of Fungi]. (2016)

Although various genera and species of fungi cause fungal keratitis, the obtained drug susceptibility data in this study demonstrates the different susceptibility patterns among the major isolates (Fusarium spp., C. parapsilosis, C. albicans and other groups). This is important evidence useful for fungal keratitis treatment.
Vaccination of Experimental Monkeys Against Plasmodium falciparum : A Possible Safe Adjuvant (1978)

Owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) were effectively immunized against a human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Two injections of antigen, primarily mature segmenters with fully developed merozoites, mixed with adjuvant (6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and liposomes) were administered intramuscularly at a 4-week interval. Approximately 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the monkeys were challenged with the homologous strain of P. falciparum. All immunized monkeys survived the challenge. The substitution of Freund's complete adjuvant is an encouraging step toward the development of an effective and safe vaccine for human malaria.
Critical issues in De-alloying and transcrystalline stress-corrosion cracking (1992)

This report describes our progress since the last reporting reporting period (March 1991) and details the third year research plans on the program. The three major components of the program relate to (1) kinetic aspects of the selective dissolution in alloys and the coarsening of de-alloyed layers, (2) measurements of crack dynamics during film induced cleavage processes, and (3) mechanical properties of the intrinsic de-alloyed layers responsible for film-induced cleavage events. We discuss progress in each of these areas below.
The relationships among spinal CSF flows, spinal cord geometry, and vascular correlations: evidence of intrathecal sources and sinks (2019)

We studied relationships of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pulsatile flow at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels using phase-contrast cine MRI (PCCMRI) to determine the following: <i>1</i>) instantaneous and average net flows at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels, <i>2</i>) stochastic correlations of CSF flow with major arterial supplies and major draining veins, and <i>3</i>) whether adjustments of cord-flow curves-using cord cross-sectional areas, caudal lengths, and caudal volumes-would normalize flow curves from different levels. We scanned 15 healthy volunteers without anesthesia, ages 23-46 yr, using external, retrocardiac-gated, two-dimensional PCCMRI at 3T. Transverse scans of the subarachnoid space, arteries, and veins were acquired and analyzed at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels. Instantaneous CSF flow decreased craniocaudally along the full time course of a cardiac cycle. Downward net flow generally increased craniocaudally. During diastole, instantaneous CSF flow decreased proportionally to cross-sectional area, caudal residual length, and caudal residual volume of the cord. The proportionalities were less consistent during systole. CSF, internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral artery, and lower aorta temporal correlations were highest in systole and decreased craniocaudally. CSF flow temporally correlated better with lower aorta flow than with the ICA at T7 and L2 during systole but not diastole. Inferior vena cava temporal correlation increased craniocaudally. We conclude that whereas instantaneous flow is attenuated cranial caudally, net downward flow, per cardiac cycle, increases caudally, becoming statistically significant at T7 and below the conus medullaris. We can explain the results with the assumption of cord CSF production and peripheral-dominated CSF absorption.
High reliability control circuit of pwm inverter for electric car drive (1979)

An inverter controlled induction motor driving system for electric car is developed and made a trial run. The gate control circuit of PWM inverter in this system is composed of PLLs or other analog circuits to make it simple. This paper describes the operation of this gate control circuit and results of tests. Good adhesion characteristics are obtained in running tests.
Demand responsive pricing competition of two MVNOs in dynamic spectrum access (2010)

In order to fully utilize the scarce wireless spectrum resources, many dynamic spectrum access approaches have emerged to enhance the spectrum efficiency in the spectrum market. From the economic point of view, in this paper we investigate the demand responsive pricing competition between two cognitive mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in a duopoly spectrum market and verify the pricing decisions as well as equilibrium. In addition, the secondary end user's heterogeneous preference over the rates that provided by the MVNOs is taken into account. Bertrand game theory is adopted to address the dynamic spectrum access problem. Through backward induction, a unique equilibrium as the solution of the game is obtained, which shows the stability of the spectrum market and the validity of the proposed approach.
Cryogenic Voltage Comparator System for 2e/h Measurements (1974)

The design and operation of a cryogenic voltage comparator system for precision 2e/h measurements is described. Major improvements embodied in the new 2e/h system include the use of 1) a single microstripline-coupled Josephson tunnel junction to obtain usable step voltages up to 10 mV at 10.0 GHz, 2) a cryogenic voltage divider comprised of two resistors whose ratio is calibrated with a low-temperature dc current comparator, 3) a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) null detector, and 4) superconducting switching. The accuracy of the present 196:1 divider system is estimated to be about 2 parts in 108 on the basis of preliminary tests and is limited by resistor self-heating during calibration.
Temperature-dependent conformational changes of PNIPAM grafted chains in water : effects of molecular weight and grafting density. (2005)

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is perhaps the most well known member of the class of responsive polymers. Free PNIPAM chains have a lower critical solution temperature in water at {approx}31 C. This very sharp transition ({approx}5 C) is attributed to alterations in the hydrogen bonding interactions of the amide group. Grafted chains of PNIPAM have shown promise for creating responsive surfaces. Examples include controlling the adsorption of proteins or bacteria, regulating the flow of liquids in narrow filaments or mesoporous materials, control of enzymatic activity, and releasing the contents of liposomes. Conformational changes of the polymer are likely to play a role in some of these applications, in addition to changes in local interactions. In this work we investigated the T-dependent conformational changes of grafted PNIPAM chains in D2O using neutron reflection and AFM. The molecular weight (M) and surface density of the PNIPAM brushes were controlled using atom-transfer radical polymerization. We discovered a strong effect of surface density. At lower surface densities, in the range typically achieved with grafting-to methods, we observed very little conformational change. At higher surface densities, significant changes with T were observed. The results will be compared with numerical SCF calculations employing an effective (conc.-dependent) Flory-Hugginsmore » chi parameter extracted from the solution phase diagram. For the case of high M and high surface density, a non-monotonic change in profile shape with T was observed. This will be discussed in the context of vertical phase separation predicted for brushes of water-soluble polymers within two-state models.« less
A Compact Filter-Bank Waveguide Spectrometer for Millimeter Wavelengths (2015)

In this paper, we present the design and measurements of a 90 GHz prototype of a millimeter-wave channelizing spectrometer realized in rectangular waveguide for astronomical instrumentation. The device was fabricated using conventional high-precision metal machining, and the spectrometer can be tiled into a 2D array to fill the focal plane of a telescope. Measurements of the fabricated five-channel device matched well with electromagnetic simulations using HFSS and a cascaded S-matrix approach. This motivated the design of a 54-channel R=200 spectrometer that fills the single-moded passband of rectangular waveguide in the 130-175 GHz and 190-250 GHz atmospheric windows for millimeter-wave spectroscopic mapping and multi-object spectroscopy.
Preventive Maintenance In Water Treatment Plants (1975)

Maintenance is the art of keeping plant equipment, structures, and other related facilities in a suitable condition to perform the services for which they were intended. The objective of preventative maintenance is to expose weaknesses before machinery fails and causes any major problems. Among the topics discussed are lubrication of machinery, oil viscosity and the use of the proper oil for each piece of equipment, proper use of motor bearings, and hot bearings as a warning that something is wrong with the equipment.
Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)

Chemosensory scientists have been skeptical that reports of COVID-19 taste loss are genuine, in part because before COVID-19, taste loss was rare and often confused with smell loss. Therefore, to establish the predicted prevalence rate of taste loss in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 376 papers published in 2020-2021, with 241 meeting all inclusion criteria. Additionally, we explored how methodological differences (direct vs. self-report measures) may affect these estimates. We hypothesized that direct prevalence measures of taste loss would be the most valid because they avoid the taste/smell confusion of self-report. The meta-analysis showed that, among 138,897 COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% reported taste dysfunction (95% CI: 35.34-43.12%), and the prevalence estimates were slightly but not significantly higher from studies using direct (n = 18) versus self-report (n = 223) methodologies (Q = 0.57, df = 1, p = 0.45). Generally, males reported lower rates of taste loss than did females and taste loss was highest in middle-aged groups. Thus, taste loss is a bona fide symptom COVID-19, meriting further research into the most appropriate direct methods to measure it and its underlying mechanisms.
Surgery for the Dry Eye (2008)

All adnexal structures - the tear system, the lids and the orbit as well as neuronal and cellular components of the ocular surface itself, i.e. the cornea and conjunctiva - are involved in tear production and maintenance. If any part of this complex functional unit mutates either primary or secondary to disease, changes in tear film and ocular surf
Massive-Beam MIMO for LEO/VLEO VHTS (2021)

This paper presents a new concept of high-gain steerable massive-beam MIMO phased array. Massive-MIMO technology is well developed for terrestrial communications but has not yet been implemented for satellite communications primarily due to factors such as long transmission delay, short coherence time and high atmospheric losses, which makes it impossible to obtain the required instantaneous channel state information (iCSI). The proposed method uses massive number of overlapping beams in orthogonal beam space and simplified linear precoding using statistical CSI to achieve the massive MIMO performance. The massive orthogonal-beam-space array results in higher signal strength (SNR) for the pilot signals and much faster array processing. This concept is particularly suited for future low-orbit very-high-throughput satellite (VHTS) communications.
Über die Umlagerung von Benzo[b]‐1, 4‐thiazepinen und 1, 4‐Thiazepinen (1970)

Abstract The rearrangement of differently substituted 1, 4‐thiazepines under various reaction conditions has been investigated. 2‐Phenyl‐4‐methylthio‐benzo [ b ]‐1, 4‐thiazepine ( 3 ) and 2‐phenyl‐benzo [ b ]‐1, 4‐thiazepine‐4 (5 H )‐thione ( 2 ) extrude sulfur under the catalytic influence of bases and rearrange into 2‐methylthio‐4‐phenyl‐quinoline ( 4 ) and 4‐phenyl‐thiocarbostyril ( 6 ) respectively. Under the same conditions, 2‐phenyl‐4‐methylthio‐2, 3‐dihydro‐benzo [ b ]‐1, 4‐thiazepine ( 11 ) rearranges to 2‐styryl‐benzothiazine ( 12 ), whereas the dioxide 18 shows no tendency to rearrange. 2,7‐Diphenyl‐hexahydro‐1,4‐thiazepine‐5‐one( 19 ) could be converted into 2‐styryl‐5‐phenyl‐2‐thiazoline ( 20 ) by treatment with polyphosphoric acid. The possible mechanisms of these rearrangements are discussed.
A Survey of Parallel Algorithms for Text Matching In Large Databases and Hardware Implementations (2012)

String Matching plays a vital role in wide range of applications, such as Network Intrusion Detection in packet routing, IP address lookup in routers, cloud computing, DNA analysis, Genome analysis and searching for given text in voluminous of data , similarly to Data Mining is also Motivation factors for the study of Text Retrieval. Due to it's importance, several Parallel Algorithms and Data Structures have been evaluated for Text Matching in Past two decades, but they are insufficient to meet the current technology development in networking, multimedia databases, audio databases and cloud computing .Text matching is deals with the problem of finding all the occurrences of Pattern in a Large Text Data bases . Owing to extensive growth of data base size and network routing complexity, the text Matching software algorithms and Hardware approaches should be modified .This paper focuses on these applications areas and presents a survey of several exact String matching, approximate String matching and k-mismatches problems along with their Hardware Implementations like PRAM computational model ,CAM implementation on FPGA, and Cellular array processor(CAP) to speedup further.
Advanced interconnect scheme analysis: real impact of technological improvements (1998)

We analyse advanced scenarios for 0.13 /spl mu/m interconnect technology. This exhaustive study of all critical parameters, including process dispersion, is based on design of experiment and systematic simulation of delay and crosstalk. The simultaneous reductions of both parasitic effects are incompatible. The limited impact of technological evolutions will involve design solutions to significantly improve crosstalk.
Dectin-2 Is a C-Type Lectin Receptor that Recognizes Pneumocystis and Participates in Innate Immune Responses (2017)

Pneumocystis is an important fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening pneumonia in patients with AIDS and malignancy. Lung fungal pathogens are recognized by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which bind specific ligands and stimulate innate immune responses. The CLR Dectin-1 was previously shown to mediate immune responses to Pneumocystis spp. For this reason, we investigated a potential role for Dectin-2. Rats with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) exhibited elevated Dectin-2 mRNA levels. Soluble Dectin-2 carbohydrate-recognition domain fusion protein showed binding to intact Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) and to native Pneumocystis major surface glycoprotein/glycoprotein A (Msg/gpA). RAW macrophage cells expressing V5-tagged Dectin-2 displayed enhanced binding to Pc and increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, the binding of Pc to Dectin-2 resulted in Fc receptor-γ-mediated intracellular signaling. Alveolar macrophages from Dectin-2-deficient mice (Dectin-2<sup>-/-</sup>) showed significant decreases in phospho-Syk activation after challenge with Pc cell wall components. Stimulation of Dectin-2<sup>-/-</sup> alveolar macrophages with Pc components showed significant decreases in the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Finally, during infection with Pneumocystis murina, Dectin-2<sup>-/-</sup> mice displayed downregulated mRNA expression profiles of other CLRs implicated in fungal immunity. Although Dectin-2<sup>-/-</sup> alveolar macrophages had reduced proinflammatory cytokine release in vitro, Dectin-2<sup>-/-</sup> deficiency did not reduce the overall resistance of these mice in the PCP model, and organism burdens were statistically similar in the long-term immunocompromised and short-term immunocompetent PCP models. These results suggest that Dectin-2 participates in the initial innate immune signaling response to Pneumocystis, but its deficiency does not impair resistance to the organism.
Fatigue Life of 120-mm Bore Ball Bearings at 600 deg F with Fluorocarbon, Polyphenyl Ether, and Synthetic Paraffinic Base Lubricants. (1968)

High temperature tests to determine fatigue life of 120mm bore ball bearings with fluorocarbon, polyphenyl ether, and synthetic base paraffin base lubricants
Identification of equivalent material properties for 3D numerical modelling of induction heating in ferromagnetic workpieces (2008)

This paper presents a methodology to study nonlinear electromagnetic phenomena inside ferromagnetic pieces where eddy currents are driven by an external supply source in the medium frequency range. The proposed methodology takes, as reference, a nonlinear time-harmonic solution of the iron part and then identifies, by means of an optimization procedure, the magnetic permeability values of an equivalent layered linear material which would give the same value of Joule losses of the nonlinear case. This approach has been applied to a test configuration obtaining good results