gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MHC-restricted recognition of autologous melanoma by tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Evidence for restriction by a dominant HLA-A allele (1991)

Autologous melanoma-specific CTL recognize a common tumor-associated Ag (TAA) in the context of HLA class I antigens. We have demonstrated that HLA-A2 can be a restricting Ag and, in T cell lines homozygous for HLA-A2, that CTL can be generated by stimulation with HLA-A2 allogeneic melanomas. In the current study, we have investigated T cell lines from patients who are heterozygous at HLA-A region locus, to determine the relative importance of each A-region allele in this MHC-restricted recognition of tumor. We have shown that HLA-A1 can be a restricting Ag, and that allogeneic melanomas expressing HLA-A1 can substitute for the autologous tumor in the generation of HLA-A1-restricted CTL. However, when T cell lines express both HLA-A1 and HLA-A2, the HLA-A2 allele governed restriction of the melanoma TAA. Three autologous-stimulated HLA-A1, A2 CTL lines all demonstrated restriction by the HLA-A2 allele, when examined in cytotoxicity assays, cold-competition assays, and proliferation assays. There was no evidence of restriction by the second HLA-allele, HLA-A1. Although the autologous-stimulated CTL use a single A-region allele for tumor recognition, the autologous HLA-A1, A2 tumors are lysed by both HLA-A1-restricted and HLA-A2-restricted CTL. The dominance of restricting alleles was further demonstrated when HLA-matched allogeneic melanomas were used as the stimulating tumor to generate tumor-specific CTL. Stimulation of the heterozygous (HLA-A1, A2) lymphocytes with HLA-A2-matched allogeneic melanomas resulted in CTL specific for the autologous tumor, and restricted by the HLA-A2 Ag. However, stimulation with an HLA-A1-matched allogeneic melanoma failed to induce tumor-specific CTL restricted by the HLA-A1 Ag. The data suggest there is a dominance of HLA-A region Ag at the level of the T cell, such that only one is restricting in the recognition of the autologous melanoma. At the level of the tumor, however, the TAA is expressed in the context of both HLA-A region alleles. We can generate specific CTL from lymph node cells or PBL and HLA-A region matched allogeneic melanomas; however, because most patients are heterozygous at the HLA-A region locus, an understanding of the dominant restricting alleles must be obtained so that an appropriately matched allogeneic melanoma can be selected.
Diels–Alder crosslinked HA/PEG hydrogels with high elasticity and fatigue resistance for cell encapsulation and articular cartilage tissue repair (2014)

The gelation time of Diels–Alder crosslinked HA/PEG hydrogels can be reduced to an appropriate level for cell encapsulation and survival. At the same time, the DA click reaction makes the gel highly resilient and resistant to cyclic compression loading, which biomimics native articular cartilage biomechanical functions.
On the origin of transverse incoherence in Z-contrast STEM (2001)

We use a Bloch wave approach to further investigate the origins of the incoherent nature of Z-contrast imaging using an ADF detector in a STEM. We discuss how, although at high angles the collected electrons will be mostly thermally scattered in addition to the elastic scattering, it is not the thermal scattering that destroys the coherence, rather the combination of the large detector with the high-angle elastic scattering. This incoherent nature of the elastic scattering arises through the filtering of the 1s-type Bloch states by the detector geometry. We show that it is this filtering that renders an atomic column an independent scatterer insensitive to the configuration of neighbouring columns. It also makes the image contrast insensitive to the effects of beam spreading onto neighbouring columns as the probe propagates through the crystal. We also discuss the implications of this for previous calculations of the intensity of Z-contrast images.
Compensation for absorption and dispersion in prestack migration: An effective Q approach (2012)

ABSTRACT We have developed a migration scheme that can compensate absorption and dispersion caused by intrinsic attenuation in subsurface media. The scheme was developed by adapting prestack time migration (PSTM) in the frequency domain. Instead of applying a commonly used Q factor, we devised an effective Q parameter to compensate absorption and dispersion. The effective Q determines the frequency-dependent traveltime and amplitude at one imaging location by only one value. As a result, the effective Q can be estimated by scanning technology. We designed an index that can remove the effects of interferences of the reflections resulting from stacked thin layers in extracting the effective Q parameter from scanning results. The proposed scheme can thus determine an effective Q model using surface seismic data during migration. Stabilization is achieved by introducing a smooth, maximum-limited gain function that matches the exact amplitude compensation factor when it is less than the user-specified gain limit. The proposed scheme can be incorporated into conventional PSTM workflow. Synthetic and field data sets were used to test the proposed deabsorption PSTM. Higher-resolution imaging results are obtained.
An Open Trial of Pyridostigmine in Post-poliomyelitis Syndrome (1995)

Pyridostigmine may be useful in the management of fatigue in selected patients with PPS. Response to pyridostigmine may be predicted by severity of pre-treatment fatigue.
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction for intrusion detection using auto-encoder bottleneck features (2015)

The continuous advances in technology is the reason of integration of our lives and information systems. Due to this fact the importance of security in these systems increases. Therefore, the application of intrusion detection systems as security solutions is increasing year by year. These systems (IDSs) are considered as a way of protection against cyber-attacks. However, handling big data constitutes one of the main challenges of intrusion detection systems and is the reason of low performance of these systems from the view of time and space complexity. To address these problems we have proposed an approach to reduce this complexity. Our approach is based on dimensionality reduction and the neural network bottleneck feature extraction is considered as the main method in this research. We have conducted several experiments on a benchmark dataset (NSL-KDD) to investigate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that our approach is promising in terms of accuracy for real-world intrusion detection.
Estimation of light penetration depth in turbid media using laser speckles (2012)

We present novel experimental method for estimation of the light penetration depth (LPD) in turbid media based on the analysis of the speckle pattern structure. Under the certain illumination conditions this structure is strongly dependent on the penetration depth. Presented theoretical model based on the Bragg diffraction from the thick holograms allows LPD estimation if only one parameter of the material, namely refractive index, of the material is known. Feasibility of the method was checked experimentally. Experimental results obtained for variety of the materials are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions. It was shown that qualitative LPD comparison does not require knowledge of the material properties.
Multimedia interactive learning modules for design and manufacturing education (2002)

In the ILM project, we are developing modular multimedia materials which present the principles and practice of design and manufacturing. Using interactive design tools, multimedia case studies, challenging simulation games, and interactive tutorials, the user explores the activities of product development emphasizing the integration of design, manufacturing, and marketing concepts. ILM materials are currently used in undergraduate and graduate engineering courses, management courses, as well as technical and management corporate training programs.
Chronic Angiotensin-(1–7) Improves Insulin Sensitivity in High-Fat Fed Mice Independent of Blood Pressure (2016)

Angiotensin-(1-7) improves glycemic control in animal models of cardiometabolic syndrome. The tissue-specific sites of action and blood pressure dependence of these metabolic effects, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that Ang-(1-7) improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing peripheral glucose delivery. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were placed on standard chow or 60% high-fat diet for 11 weeks. Ang-(1-7) (400 ng/kg per minute) or saline was infused subcutaneously during the last 3 weeks of diet, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed at the end of treatment. High-fat fed mice exhibited modest hypertension (systolic blood pressure: 137 ± 3 high fat versus 123 ± 5 mm Hg chow;P=0.001), which was not altered by Ang-(1-7) (141 ± 4 mm Hg;P=0.574). Ang-(1-7) did not alter body weight or fasting glucose and insulin in chow or high-fat fed mice. Ang-(1-7) increased the steady-state glucose infusion rate needed to maintain euglycemia in high-fat fed mice (31 ± 5 Ang-(1-7) versus 16 ± 1 mg/kg per minute vehicle;P=0.017) reflecting increased whole-body insulin sensitivity, with no effect in chow-fed mice. The improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat fed mice was because of an enhanced rate of glucose disappearance (34 ± 5 Ang-(1-7) versus 20 ± 2 mg/kg per minute vehicle;P=0.049). Ang-(1-7) enhanced glucose uptake specifically into skeletal muscle by increasing translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the sarcolemma. Our data suggest that Ang-(1-7) has direct insulin-sensitizing effects on skeletal muscle, independent of changes in blood pressure. These findings provide new insight into mechanisms by which Ang-(1-7) improves insulin action, and provide further support for targeting this peptide in cardiometabolic disease.
A toll-like receptor 9 antagonist restores below-level glial glutamate transporter expression in the dorsal horn following spinal cord injury (2018)

Spinal cord (SC) trauma elicits pathological changes at the primary lesion and in regions distant from the injury epicenter. Therapeutic agents that target mechanisms at the injury site are likely to exert additional effects in these remote regions. We previously reported that a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist, oligodeoxynucleotide 2088 (ODN 2088), improves functional deficits and modulates the milieu at the epicenter in mice sustaining a mid-thoracic contusion. The present investigations use the same paradigm to assess ODN 2088-elicited alterations in the lumbar dorsal horn (LDH), a region remote from the injury site where SCI-induced molecular alterations have been well defined. We report that ODN 2088 counteracts the SCI-elicited decrease in glial glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) levels, whereas the levels of the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and astroglial GABA transporter 3 (GAT3) were unaffected. The restoration of GLAST and GLT1 was neither paralleled by a global effect on astrocyte and microglia activation nor by changes in the expression of cytokines and growth factors reported to regulate these transporters. We conclude that the effects of intrathecal ODN 2088 treatment extend to loci beyond the epicenter by selectively targeting glial glutamate transporters.
Engineering Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays for Bacterial Biosensing: The Role of the Building Block in Multiscale SERS Substrates (2010)

Abstract Noble metal nanoparticle cluster arrays (NCAs) are a novel class of engineered substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), in which the noble metal nanoparticles interact on multiple length scales to create a multiscale E‐field cascade enhancement. In this work the role of the building block for the NCA performance is quantified. Periodic NCAs with constant cluster diameter ( D = 200 nm) but variable nanoparticle diameter ( d ) and intercluster separation ( Λ ) were assembled on glass and their optical response and SERS enhancement were systematically characterized as a function of D , Λ , and d . An increase of d from 40 to 80 nm and simultaneous decrease of Λ from 200 to 50 nm led to an improvement of the ensemble averaged SERS enhancement factor by a factor of up to ∼8. The coefficient of variation ( c v ) of the enhancement factors ( G ) is significantly lower for the d = 80 nm NCAs than for the d = 40 nm and d = 60 nm NCAs. Optimized ( D = 200 nm, Λ = 50 nm, d = 80 nm) NCAs show the overall highest signal reproducibility of all investigated NCAs and random nanoparticle substrates and achieve effective single cell detection sensitivity.
Temporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video Classification (2023)

Deep neural networks are likely to fail when the test data is corrupted in real-world deployment (e.g., blur, weather, etc.). Test-time optimization is an effective way that adapts models to generalize to corrupted data during testing, which has been shown in the image domain. However, the techniques for improving video classification corruption robustness remain few. In this work, we propose a Temporal Coherent Test-time Optimization framework (TeCo) to utilize spatio-temporal information in test-time optimization for robust video classification. To exploit information in video with self-supervised learning, TeCo uses global content from video clips and optimizes models for entropy minimization. TeCo minimizes the entropy of the prediction based on the global content from video clips. Meanwhile, it also feeds local content to regularize the temporal coherence at the feature level. TeCo retains the generalization ability of various video classification models and achieves significant improvements in corruption robustness across Mini Kinetics-C and Mini SSV2-C. Furthermore, TeCo sets a new baseline in video classification corruption robustness via test-time optimization.
Measuring health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validity, responsiveness and reliability of EuroQol (EQ-5D) (1997)

The EuroQol (EQ-5D) generic health index comprises a five-part questionnaire and a visual analogue self-rating scale. The questionnaire may be used as a health index to calculate a 'utility' value or as a health profile. The validity, reliability and responsiveness of EQ-5D were tested in 233 patients with rheumatoid arthritis stratified by functional class. EQ-5D demonstrated moderate to high correlations with measures of impairment and high correlations with disability measures. Stepwise regression models showed that EQ-5D utility values and visual analogue scores were explained best as a function of pain, disability, disease activity and mood (R2 approximately 70%), although other variables (side-effects, years of education) were required to explain the visual analogue scores. The EQ-5D health index and visual analogue scale are more responsive than any of the other measures, except pain and doctor-assessed disease activity. The reliability of the EQ-5D index and EQ-5D visual analogue scale is as good or better than that of all other instruments except the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Some patients with severe long-standing disease had health states which attracted utility values below zero, i.e. from a societal perspective they were regarded as being in states 'worse than death'. The practical and ethical implications of these utility valuations are discussed, and at present the utility values should be used and interpreted with caution. With this caveat, EQ-5D is simple to use, valid, responsive to change and sufficiently reliable for group comparisons. It is of potential use as an outcome measure in clinical trials, audit and health economic studies, but further work is required on its performance in other clinical contexts and on the interpretation of the utility values.
Effect of Vocal Fold Medialization on Dysphagia in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility (2016)

Patients with UVFI suffer from dysphagia and report significant improvement in swallowing symptoms following VFM. The symptomatic improvement appears to be durable over time.
Prediction of Lumbar Disk Herniation and Clinical Outcome Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Quantitative T2 mapping may serve as a clinically feasible, noninvasive imaging biomarker that can indicate disks at risk for herniation and correlates with clinical outcome and subjective patient burden in a representative cohort of patients with low back pain.
[Diagnosis and therapeutic programming of mandibular symphysis dysmorphisms in patients with dento-osseous malformations]. (1989)

Alterations in chin position in dentoskeletal dysmorphias are considering with a review of the literature on the prognosis of surgical treatment in dysmorphias of the chin symphysis. The treatment protocol then presented offers the possibility of programming the restoration of the correct physiological relationship between the bone bases and the correction of the aesthetic defects produced by dysmorphias of the chin symphysis on a single pre-operative graph. The problem in such programming lies in the extensive changes necessary to the bone and skin parameters during the functional operation that are difficult to foresee and quantify preoperatively.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON METHYL‐2,3‐ANHYDRO‐4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDEN‐3‐DESOXY‐3‐NITRO‐BETA‐D‐ALLOPYRANOSID UND VON C(2)‐VERZWEIGTKETTIGEN DERIVATEN VON METHYL‐4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDEN‐2,3‐DIDESOXY‐3‐NITRO‐BETA‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSID (1970)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Zucker‐nitroolefins (II) mit Na‐hypochlorit in Tetrahydrofuran führt in 74%iger Ausbeute zu einem Nitroepoxid, das nach seinen NMR‐Daten die verzerrte β‐allo‐Struktur (I) besitzt.
Height, obesity, and the risk of TMPRSS2:ERG -defined prostate cancer (2018)

© 2017 American Association for Cancer Research. Background: The largest molecular subtype of primary prostate cancer is defined by the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Few studies, however, have investigated etiologic differences by TMPRSS2:ERG status. Because the fusion is hormone-regulated and a man's hormonal milieu varies by height and obesity status, we hypothesized that both May be differentially associated with risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-defined disease. Methods: Our study included 49,372 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Participants reported height and weight at baseline in 1986 and updated weight biennially thereafter through 2009. Tumor ERG protein expression (a TMPRSS2:ERG marker) was immuno-histochemically assessed. We used multivariable competing risks models to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of ERG-positive and ERG-negative prostate cancer. Results: During 23 years of follow-up, we identified 5,847 incident prostate cancers, among which 913 were ERG-assayed. Taller height was associated with an increased risk of ERG-positive disease only [per 5 inches HR 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.50; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07]. Higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.02) and updated BMI over time (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.00; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07) were associated with a reduced risk of ERG-positive disease only. Conclusions: Our results indicate that anthropometrics May be uniquely associated with TMPRSS2:ERG-positive prostate cancer; taller height May be associated with greater risk, whereas obesity May be associated with lower risk. Impact: Our study provides strong rationale for further investigations of other prostate cancer risk factors that May be distinctly associated with subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 193–200. 2017 AACR.
Enhanced Reactivity of 2-Rhodaoxetanes through a Labile Acetonitrile Ligand (2001)

New cationic, square-planar, ethene complexes [(Rbpa)RhI(C2H4)]+ [2 a]+–[2 c]+ (Rbpa= N-alkyl-N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; [2 a]+: alkyl=R=Me; [2 b]+: R= Bu; [2 c]+: R= Bz) have been selectively oxygenated in acetonitrile by aqueous hydrogen peroxide to 2-rhoda(III)oxetanes with a labile acetonitrile ligand, [(Rbpa)RhIII(κ2-C,O-CH2CH2O−)(MeCN)]+, [3 a]+–[3 c]+. The rate of elimination of acetaldehyde from [(Rbpa)RhIII(κ2-C,O-CH2CH2O−)(MeCN)]+ increases in the order R=Me<R=Bu<R=Bz. Elimination of acetaldehyde from [(Bzbpa)RhIII(κ2-C,O-CH2CH2O)(MeCN)]+ [3 c]+, in the presence of ethene results in regeneration of ethene complex [(Bzbpa)RhI(C2H4)]+ [2 c]+, and closes a catalytic cycle. In the presence of Z,Z-1,5-cyclooctadiene (cod) the corresponding cod complex [(Bzbpa)RhI(cod)]+ [6c]+ is formed. Further oxidation of [3 c]+ by H2O2 results in the transient formylmethyl-hydroxy complex [(Bzbpa)RhIII(OH){κ1-C-CH2C(O)H}]+ [5 c]+.
Interference detection and collision avoidance among three dimensional objects (1980)

Two methods for detecting intersections among three dimensional objects are described. The first method involves detecting overlap among the projections of the objects on a given set of planes. The second method uses a three dimension-al octree representation of the objects. Intersec-tions are detected by traversing the trees for the obstacles and the moving objects. Application of the methods to collision avoidance is discussed. I
Joint Optical Performance Monitoring and Modulation Format/Bit-Rate Identification by CNN-Based Multi-Task Learning (2018)

A novel technique is proposed for joint multi-impairment optical performance monitoring (OPM) with bit-rate and modulation format identification (BR-MFI) in next-generation heterogeneous optic communication networks by convolution neural network (CNN)-based deep multi-task learning (MTL) on asynchronous delay-tap sampling phase portraits. Instead of treating the monitoring and identification tasks as separate problems, a novel MTL technique is used to joint optimization of them utilizing the ability of feature extraction and feature sharing. Compared with principal component analysis-based pattern recognition algorithm, CNN-based MTL achieves the better accuracies and has a shorter processing time (∼56 ms). The combination signals of three modulation formats and two bit rates under various impairments are used in numerical simulation. For OPM, the results show monitoring of optical signal-to-noise ratio, chromatic dispersion, and differential group delay with root-mean-square error of 0.73 dB, 1.34 ps/nm, and 0.47 ps, respectively. Similarly, for BR-MFI, even in the case of limited training data, 100% accuracies can be achieved. Additionally, the effects of training data size, task weights, and model structure on CNN-based MTL performance are comprehensively studied. The proposed technique can intelligently analyze the signals of future heterogeneous optic communication networks, and the analysis results are helpful for better management of optical networks.
Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation (1992)

Abstract A class of problems is described which can be solved more efficiently by quantum computation than by any classical or stochastic method. The quantum computation solves the problem with certainty in exponentially less time than any classical deterministic computation.
Text Detection and Recognition in Imagery: A Survey (2014)

This paper analyzes, compares, and contrasts technical challenges, methods, and the performance of text detection and recognition research in color imagery. It summarizes the fundamental problems and enumerates factors that should be considered when addressing these problems. Existing techniques are categorized as either stepwise or integrated and sub-problems are highlighted including text localization, verification, segmentation and recognition. Special issues associated with the enhancement of degraded text and the processing of video text, multi-oriented, perspectively distorted and multilingual text are also addressed. The categories and sub-categories of text are illustrated, benchmark datasets are enumerated, and the performance of the most representative approaches is compared. This review provides a fundamental comparison and analysis of the remaining problems in the field.