gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of tumour-associated antigens in breast cancer primary tissue compared with serum levels. (1993)

The level of expression of six breast cancer-associated antigens or markers (CEA, NCRC-11, HMFG1, HMFG2, D8 and DF3) in primary tumour tissue and patients' serum has been compared. Two-hundred-and-forty-five consecutive patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer had tumour biopsy and serum samples taken prior to any anti-cancer therapy (Stage I and II disease n = 100, Stage III disease n = 60, Stage IV disease n = 85). No correlations were found between the level of tumour tissue staining and serum levels of the same antigens. Those samples from patients with Stage IV disease were also analysed separately but again no correlations were observed. Therefore the staining pattern of the primary tumour for these antigens is not a predictor of which tumour marker will be elevated in the serum.
Automated Analysis for Drugs in Urine (1971)

Abstract Automated methods are described for extracting drugs from urine and for subsequently detecting them by ultraviolet or visible absorptiometry, or by spectrofluorometry. Standard Technicon AutoAnalyzer equipment has been adapted for use in the extraction processes; and manifolds for barbiturates, morphine, and bases are described. For drugs extracted from urine, the limits of detection were 2.5 , µg/ml for barbiturates and 0.2 µg/ml for morphine, Results are given for processing 204-ml samples of urine per hour for morphine and 10 8-ml samples per hour for barbiturate and basic drug analysis.
Preclinical efficacy of copanlisib in cetuximab sensitive and resistant tumors of HNSCC. (2019)

6031 Background: Copanlisib is a highly selective, pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with preferential activity against the p110α and p110δ isoforms that lead to downregulation of PI3K signaling. Copanlisib has been approved for the treatment of follicular lymphoma in the US. Here, we explored the anti-tumor activity of copanlisib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where Pi3K signaling has been defined as alternate signaling in cetuximab resistant tumors. Further, TCGA data show up to 56% of HNSCC display either amplification or mutational changes in the Pi3K pathway making Pi3K an attractive target. Methods: Using a mouse-clinical trial set-up we profiled 20 patient derived HNSCC xenograft models for their sensitivity to cetuximab or copanlisib as single agent as well as in combination. Models were selected from our HNSCC PDX platform based on Pi3K mutational status, with 6 models harboring hot spot mutations, HPV positivity (n=3) and/or cetuximab resistance based on previous drug screenings (n=12). Treatment response was defined as tumor regression, stabilization or progression expressed as relative tumor volume (RTV) after 3 weeks of treatment: RTV&lt;0,7 responder, RTV&gt;1,2 progressor. Results: Copanlisib single agent treatment resulted in moderate activity with 5 responders (25%). In cetuximab resistant tumors (n=12) combined treatment led to an improved tumor response in 75% (n=9) whereas 41% (n=5) resulted in tumor control. Pi3KCA mutation was not predictive for treatment response to either cetuximab or copanlisib. No PTEN mutation was detected in the selected cohort. Increased Pi3K signaling activity evaluated through gene expression profiling and computed with GSEA pathway analyses was positively correlated with response. Conclusions: The anti-tumor responses observed in monotherapy or in combination treatment support further investigation for the potential of PI3K inhibition in HNSCC with high expression of Pi3K pathway signature as a potential predictive biomarker.
Fiber Loop Mirror Sensors Interrogated and Multiplexed by OTDR (2014)

In this paper, two techniques for interrogation and multiplexing of fiber loop mirror (FLM) intensity sensors based on optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) are proposed. These configurations enable series and parallel FLM sensor interrogation. A fiber taper characterized as a displacement sensor was used as the intensity sensor. The OTDR parameters were optimized in order to obtain the best results. The optimized parameters were 100-ns pulse width and 10-dB input signal attenuation which permitted to attain ~18 dB dynamic range in the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The results show a linear behavior for both configurations with similar slope, -15.3 dB/mm, in the normalized displacement range of 0.2 to 0.7 mm. It was also achieved a displacement resolution of 0.027 and 0.093 mm, for the series and parallel configurations, respectively. Sensors multiplexing are demonstrated for both configurations and the systems do not present crosstalk. Based on the experimental results, the best configuration is the parallel one. The proposed approach is a viable alternative for multiplexing and interrogation of remote fiber sensors.
Effects of compaction and UV exposure on performance of acrylate/glass‐fiber composites cured layer by layer (2011)

Abstract With an aim to reducing manufacturing costs, in general and specifically to provide a solution to the thick laminate curing depth issue for composite materials, UV curing technology was combined with a fiber placement process to fabricate acrylate/glass‐fiber composites. A novel layer‐by‐layer UV in situ curing method was employed in this article and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests and SEM were used to evaluate the effect of processing parameters, including compaction force and UV exposure dose, on ILSS. The SEM images from short‐beam strength test samples and the results of ILSS showed that the fibers' distribution was uniform in the cured matrix resin resulting from the compaction forces and that beneficially influenced the ILSS of the composite greatly. However, the matrix resin produced large shrinkage stresses when it reached a high degree of conversion (DC) in one‐step, which resulted in poor interlaminar adhesion. In addition, the fast curing speed of UV on the composite resulted in poor wetting between fiber and resin, and accordingly resulted in lower ILSS. To overcome these problems and obtain high ILSS value composites, an optimized compaction force and UV exposure dose were determined experimentally. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Der Huchen stirbt aus – was tun? Gefährdungsfaktoren und notwendige Maßnahmen in Bayern und Österreich (2023)

Originally, the Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) occurred in Bavaria and Austria<br> in more than 250 rivers occupying more than 7,400 km of rivers. Nowadays,<br> populations in »very good« and »good« status exist in only 0.7 % and 7.1 % of the<br> original distribution. Therefore, the Danube salmon is classified as an endangered<br> species. Due to ongoing stock declines the Danube salmon is running<br> the risk to become a critically endangered species soon. The main reasons for<br> the declines are river channelization and hydropower development. In addition,<br> climate change may further contribute to stock declines in lowland river<br> sections due to exceedance of water temperature limits of this cold-water<br> species. Furthermore, Danube salmon and prey fish populations have lost<br> their resilience to cope with re-established populations of fish predators (cormorant,<br> goosander, fish otter) leading to ongoing population declines. Effective<br> protection against further degradations such as new hydropower developments<br> is required to safeguard the Danube salmon remaining populations.<br> Furthermore, degraded rivers need to be restored and fish predators have to<br> be managed to allow recovery of Danube salmon and prey fish populations.<br> Due to the precarious situation conservation and restoration actions have to<br> be implemented immediately.
Architecture of a hierarchical time-sliced optical burst switching system (2007)

To overcome the need for large buffers to store contending bursts in optical burst switched (OBS) networks, a recent variant called time-sliced OBS (TSOBS) suggested that bursts be sliced and spread across multiple frames of fixed-length time-slots. This paper generalises TSOBS to allow a hierarchy of frames. Termed hierarchical TSOBS (HiTSOBS), this scheme supports several granularities of rates, and permits multiple traffic classes with different loss-delay requirements to efficiently share the network. We present an architecture for HiTSOBS, and offer it as a viable option for the realisation of flexible and cost-effective OBS networks.
Relationship of HIV RNA and cytokines in saliva from HIV-infected individuals (2005)

We measured levels of six cytokines and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in saliva from HIV-seropositive individuals and compared salivary cytokine levels in HIV-seropositives and seronegatives. All of the six tested cytokines were detected in saliva although interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 were detected more frequently (90%, 68% and 61% of samples, respectively) than interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (2-17%). There was no significant association between cytokine levels in saliva and plasma suggesting that cytokines were produced locally. Interferon-gamma levels were significantly higher in saliva from HIV-seropositives when compared to seronegatives while interleukin-10 levels were lower in seropositive saliva. Interleukin-10 levels were higher in individuals with low CD4 counts in the seropositive group. HIV RNA was detected in 29% of saliva samples from seropositives and there was a significant correlation between saliva and plasma HIV RNA levels. However, HIV RNA levels in saliva were not significantly associated with any of the saliva or plasma cytokine levels or with CD4 cell numbers. This study shows no association between inflammatory cytokine levels and HIV levels in saliva and suggests that saliva HIV levels are more influenced by blood HIV RNA levels than oral inflammation.
The Human MicrosporidianEncephalitozoon hellemSynthesizes Two Spore Wall Polymorphic Proteins Useful for Epidemiological Studies (2010)

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular fungus-related parasites considered as emerging opportunistic human pathogens. Their extracellular infective and resistance stage is a spore surrounded by a unique plasma membrane protected by a thick cell wall consisting of two layers: the electron-lucent inner endospore which contains chitin and protein components and the outer-electron-dense and mainly proteinaceous exospore. We identified the whole sequences of two spore wall proteins in the microsporidian species Encephalitozoon hellem, designated EhSWP1a and EhSWP1b. Isolation of the genes encoding these SWP1-like proteins was performed using degenerate oligonucleotides based on the amino acid sequence alignment of the previously reported Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis SWP1s. Sequences lacking the 5' and 3' ends were then identified by PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplifications. The swp1a and swp1b genes encode proteins of 509 and 533 amino acids, respectively, which present an identical N-terminal domain of 382 residues and a variable C-terminal extension mainly characterized by a 26-amino-acid (aa) deletion/insertion containing glutamate- and lysine-rich repeats. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant polypeptides, we showed that EhSWP1a and EhSWP1b appear as dithiothreitol (DTT)-soluble bands of 55 and 60 kDa in size, respectively. Immunolocalization experiments by IFA and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that both proteins are present at the onset of sporogony and are specifically located to the spore wall exospore in mature spores. Analysis of four E. hellem human isolates revealed that the C-terminal regions of both EhSWP1a and EhSWP1b are polymorphic, which is of interest for epidemiological studies.
An organic charge trapping memory transistor with bottom source and drain contacts (2009)

We present an organic charge trapping memory transistor with lithographically defined bottom source and drain contacts. This device can be written and erased at voltages as low as 15 V. More than 500 write and erase cycles and the retention of the trapped charge over more than three months are shown, demonstrating the possibilities of this device as a reprogramable nonvolatile organic memory element.
The Effect of Upfront Combination Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Type-1: A Girl with a Novel Mutation in the Endoglin Gene (2017)

Endoglin (ENG)はACVRL1と共に遺伝性出血性毛細血管拡張症（hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: HHT）の原因遺伝子であり，それぞれHHT 1型，2型に分類される．HHTでは，稀であるが肺動脈性肺高血圧症（PAH）を合併すると報告されている．多くはHHT 2型に合併し，HHT 1型に合併するものはほとんど報告されていない．今回，HHTの家族歴をもとに施行した遺伝子解析および積極的な画像診断によりENG遺伝子変異およびPAHの確定診断に至った7歳女児を経験した．初診時はWHO機能分類2度であったが，心臓カテーテル検査では平均肺動脈圧50 mmHg, 肺血管抵抗11.8 WU/m2，肺動脈楔入圧9 mmHgでありPAHの所見であった．一般に遺伝性PAHは予後不良とされ，ボセンタン，タダラフィル，ベラプロストによる初期併用療法を行ったところ，WHO機能分類は1度に改善し，平均肺動脈圧も35 mmHgと改善した．本症例では経口薬による初期併用療法が短期から中期的には有効であったが，今後も長期的な観察が必要と考えられる．
Design and implementation of hybrid phase based ensemble technique for defect discovery using SDLC software metrics (2016)

In recent years, data mining algorithm have been successfully applied in software defects and metrics prediction throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC). Features dependencies and class imbalance are the two main issues in the traditional Bayesian models for defect prediction. Traditional supervised models build high prediction rate with limited single product defect and metric data. Various models have been introduced in the literature to establish a common framework for defect and metric prediction in academia, standards and industry, but none of them are accepted as a common tool in real-time software products. Also, predicting the defects cum metrics in multiple products is one of the common problems in real time associated products. In this proposed model, a new ensemble defect prediction classification model was implemented on multiple associated products to predict metric relationship, along with defects patterns. Experimental results show that proposed model has high true positive rate compare to traditional Bayesian network models.
New Powder/Solid Composite Exhibiting Low Young’S Modulus and Energy Absorption for Biomedical Applications Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing (2016)

Almost all products of nature, including biological materials such as bone and plants, are hierarchically designed across different length scales. We propose a new concept for a hierarchical porous product, fabricated by a Ti-6Al-4V (mass%) alloy composed of necked powder and melted solid possessing controllable mechanical properties, utilizing electron beam melting (EBM) and subsequent heat treatment. The product exhibited a low Young’ s modulus of about 30 GPa and excellent fracture toughness, both of which are necessary for orthopedic applications such as bone replacement devices. We expect that new products composed of the solid and functionalized necked powder reported in this study will be beneficially utilized for biomedical and industrial applications. We report on the synthesis of a material combining a controllably low Young’ s modulus and excellent toughness as found in the related research works [1, 2].
Amidoxime-Containing Ti Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition of TiN Thin Films with Suppressed Columnar Microstructure (2023)

This paper reports the synthesis of three novel titanium complexes containing amidoxime ligands as potential precursors for titanium nitride (TiN) thin films fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD). A series of ligands, <i>viz</i>., <i>N</i>'-methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylacetimidamide (mnnoH), <i>N</i>'-ethoxy-<i>N</i>-methylacetimidamide (ennoH), and <i>N</i>'-methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylbenzimidamide (pnnoH), were successfully synthesized and used to produce Ti(mnno)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<b>4</b>), Ti(enno)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<b>5</b>), and Ti(pnno)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<b>6</b>). Thermogravimetric analysis curves of complexes <b>4</b>-<b>6</b> revealed a single-step weight loss up to 200 °C. Pyrolysis occurred beyond 200 °C. Among the three new complexes, <b>5</b> was liquid at room temperature. Therefore, TiN was synthesized by ALD using Ti(enno)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<b>5</b>) as a novel precursor. A TiN thin film was deposited from the Ti(enno)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<b>5)</b> precursor and NH<sub>3</sub> plasma, and self-limiting growth was achieved by varying the injection/purge duration. TiN thin film growths were observed with a growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.05-0.13 nm·cy<sup>-1</sup> at deposition temperatures between 150 and 300 °C, while the measured resistivity was as low as 420 μΩ·cm. The high reactivity of the precursor promotes nucleation, resulting in TiN thin films with smooth, good step coverage and preferentially orientated microstructure.
Multi-layer tomography and its application for improved depth imaging (2012)

The application of a new ray-based multi-layer approach for reflection tomography overcomes many of the limitations of tomographic methods typically employed on PSDM projects. Global tomography is unable to accurately represent major velocity and anisotropy contrasts within the framework of a cell based model representation and will not correctly reposition layer boundaries during the inversion process. These limitations necessitate the use of a layer stripping workflow on areas with a complex layered geology. However, such a workflow is time consuming and prone to velocity errors being propagated into deeper layers as the model building progresses. Multi-layer tomography, utilizing a new hybrid model representation, allows layer boundaries to be accurately represented and repositioned by map migration within the inversion. This allows all units in a complex layered model to be updated simultaneously without the need for a layer stripping workflow. This results in a more efficient velocity inversion workflow and improved quality of both models and imaged seismic data.
1KP: an international consortium sequencing the transcriptomes of 1000 phylogenetically diverse plants from angiosperms to green algae (2011)

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe life-threatening diarrheal disease “cholera”, naturally inhabits aquatic environments. It is a waterborne pathogen, which infects human hosts ingesting contaminated water. Despite intensive research in characterizing V. cholerae’s physiology and mode of infection in the laboratory and in animal model systems, we still have a very limited understanding of the ecological niche it occupies in its coastal aquatic environmental reservoir. This is even more limited for Vibrio metecus, the newly discovered close relative of V. cholerae. The knowledge obtained from this study will help us to determine the environmental factors that affect the prevalence of these two species. Identifying and understanding V. cholerae’s niche in the natural environment and its interaction with other species is critical in managing and predicting outbreaks of this lethal disease
A high accuracy Direction-Of-Arrival and Misalignment Angle Detector (2011)

High-precision Direction-Of-Arrival measurements are often a challenge. The need to accurately detect the angle of incidence of an incoming electromagnetic wave with respect to a reference geometrical axis is very important for automotive and security applications. Furthermore, the ability to measure a misalignment angle of a transmitting antenna in respect to a reference is a task required by countless industrial applications. A high accuracy angle-detection system is hereby presented and measurement results from a prototype detecting a 24 GHz source are shown.
SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: ARE THERE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANOMALIES? (2011)

A simple six-parameter Lambda CDM model provides a successful fit to WMAP data. This holds both when the WMAP data are analyzed alone or in combination with other cosmological data. Even so, it is appropriate to examine the data carefully to search for hints of deviations from the now standard model of cosmology, which includes inflation, dark energy, dark matter, baryons, and neutrinos. The cosmological community has subjected the WMAP data to extensive and varied analyses. While there is widespread agreement as to the overall success of the six-parameter Lambda CDM model, various "anomalies" have been reported relative to that model. In this paper we examine potential anomalies and present analyses and assessments of their significance. In most cases we find that claimed anomalies depend on posterior selection of some aspect or subset of the data. Compared with sky simulations based on the best-fit model, one can select for low probability features of the WMAP data. Low probability features are expected, but it is not usually straightforward to determine whether any particular low probability feature is the result of the a posteriori selection or non-standard cosmology. Hypothesis testing could, of course, always reveal an alternative model that is statistically favored, but there is currently no model that is more compelling. We find that two cold spots in the map are statistically consistent with random cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations. We also find that the amplitude of the quadrupole is well within the expected 95% confidence range and therefore is not anomalously low. We find no significant anomaly with a lack of large angular scale CMB power for the best-fit Lambda CDM model. We examine in detail the properties of the power spectrum data with respect to the Lambda CDM model and find no significant anomalies. The quadrupole and octupole components of the CMB sky are remarkably aligned, but we find that this is not due to any single map feature; it results from the statistical combination of the full-sky anisotropy fluctuations. It may be due, in part, to chance alignments between the primary and secondary anisotropy, but this only shifts the coincidence from within the last scattering surface to between it and the local matter density distribution. While this alignment appears to be remarkable, there was no model that predicted it, nor has there been a model that provides a compelling retrodiction. We examine claims of a hemispherical or dipole power asymmetry across the sky and find that the evidence for these claims is not statistically significant. We confirm the claim of a strong quadrupolar power asymmetry effect, but there is considerable evidence that the effect is not cosmological. The likely explanation is an insufficient handling of beam asymmetries. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for deviations from the Lambda CDM model, which is generally an acceptable statistical fit to WMAP and other cosmological data.