gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous monitoring of lipid peroxidation by measuring conjugated diene formation in an aqueous liposome suspension (1993)

A method is described for the direct and continuous monitoring of lipid peroxidation in an aqueous suspension of sonicated liposomes. By means of ultraviolet difference spectroscopy using tandem cuvettes, the formation of conjugated dienes during liposome peroxidation can be followed. Using this technique, the effect of the fatty acid composition of liposomes on lipid peroxidation can be studied. The results show that both the extent and the time scale of lipid peroxidation are influenced by the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid liposomes. This was confirmed also by other methods, such as measurement of the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and measurement of the decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The advantage of the method described is the direct and continuous monitoring of phospholipid peroxidation in an aqueous environment, without subsampling and extraction of peroxidation products into organic solvents. Using this experimental approach based on difference spectra the contributions from changes in liposome, CuSO4 and H2O2 concentrations are canceled, thus improving sensitivity. The method can be employed for measuring the susceptibility to peroxidation of membrane phospholipids from fatty acid modified endothelial cells.
Differential Effects of Tolbutamide on First and Second Phase Insulin Secretion in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus* (1981)

Immunoreactive insulin responses to a 20-g iv glucose challenge during a 7.5 mg/m2/min tolbutamide infusion were studied in 21 untreated noninsulin-dependent male diabetics. All data were analyzed by paired t tests. During the tolbutamide infusion, compared to the saline control period in the same subjects, glucose levels were lowered [217 +/- 17 vs. 196 +/- 16 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.005], and there was an increase in both first phase (2 +/- 1 vs. 16 +/- 4 micro U/ml; P less than 0.005) and second phase insulin responses (296 +/- 71 vs. 499 +/- 101 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05; n = 21). However, when the prestimulus glucose level was lowered by an insulin infusion (214 +/- 20 vs. 145 +/- 17 mg/dl; P less than 0.001), no effect on first phase insulin secretion was observed, and the second phase response decreased (290 +/- 78 vs. 124 +/ 55 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.005; n = 11; saline control vs. insulin infusion). In 8 subjects, the plasma glucose level during the tolbutamide infusion was kept constant by a concurrent variable glucose infusion. First phase insulin secretion was still increased, though no more than in studies were plasma glucose was not kept constant. However, there was further augmentation of the second phase response (tolbutamide alone, 443 +/- 142 micro U. min/ml; tolbutamide plus glucose, 802 +/- 232 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that tolbutamide augments first phase insulin secretion in untreated diabetics independently of the prestimulus glucose level. However, changes in the glucose level significantly modulate the sulfonylurea influence on the second phase insulin response to glucose. This effect of glucose level is an important consideration when evaluating the insulinotropic effects of a sulfonylurea.
Acoustic radiation force on a spherical particle in a viscous heat-conducting fluid. I. General formula (1997)

The acoustic radiation force exerted by an axisymmetric sound field on a spherical particle is calculated assuming that the surrounding fluid is viscous and heat conducting. The incident sound field pressure amplitude is supposed to be small enough such that nonlinear effects like generation of subharmonics do not occur. No restrictions are imposed on the particle size, which means that the particle can be of an arbitrary radius with respect to the sound, viscous, and thermal wavelengths in the surrounding fluid. The obtained formula for the radiation force is general in that it is applicable to first, any axisymmetric sound field, such as a plane, traveling or standing wave and a spherical wave, and, second, any of the following types of dispersed particles: a gas bubble, a liquid drop, a rigid or elastic sphere, a spherical shell, etc. The force is expressed in terms of the linear scattering coefficients to be determined by the particle type. Thus, to obtain the force on a specific particle the problem of linear scattering for that particle must be solved. Problems of this sort are known not to be mathematically difficult, but can be laborious enough if a particle at issue has a complicated internal structure. The radiation forces on particles of most interest are examined in papers that follow [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 722–740 (1997)].
Ultrathin Two-Dimensional MnO2/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures for High-Performance, Flexible Planar Supercapacitors (2013)

Planar supercapacitors have recently attracted much attention owing to their unique and advantageous design for 2D nanomaterials based energy storage devices. However, improving the electrochemical performance of planar supercapacitors still remains a great challenge. Here we report for the first time a novel, high-performance in-plane supercapacitor based on hybrid nanostructures of quasi-2D ultrathin MnO2/graphene nanosheets. Specifically, the planar structures based on the δ-MnO2 nanosheets integrated on graphene sheets not only introduce more electrochemically active surfaces for absorption/desorption of electrolyte ions, but also bring additional interfaces at the hybridized interlayer areas to facilitate charge transport during charging/discharging processes. The unique structural design for planar supercapacitors enables great performance enhancements compared to graphene-only devices, exhibiting high specific capacitances of 267 F/g at current density of 0.2 A/g and 208 F/g at 10 A/g and excellent rate capability and cycling stability with capacitance retention of 92% after 7000 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the high planar malleability of planar supercapacitors makes possible superior flexibility and robust cyclability, yielding capacitance retention over 90% after 1000 times of folding/unfolding. Ultrathin 2D nanomaterials represent a promising material platform to realize highly flexible planar energy storage devices as the power back-ups for stretchable/flexible electronic devices.
How to Manage Failures in Air Traffic Control Software Systems (2012)

Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems are large and complex systems supervising the aircraft trajectories from departure to destination. Such systems have hard reliability and dependability requirements. Having an effective failure management in such kind of critical systems is a must for safety and security reasons. Two main approaches have been developed in the literature to implement these failure management systems:
Analysis and compliance evaluation of cookies-setting websites with privacy protection laws (2017)

The use of cookies to profile individuals has been raising serious privacy protection concerns. Many countries have already enacted privacy protection laws to create legal framework to mitigate these concerns. This paper presents an analysis of setting of cookies on users' computers by websites in a sample of Commonwealth countries, and evaluates compliance of the cookies-setting websites with privacy protection laws of the countries where the websites are hosted. Also, the rate at which third-party cookies are being set was monitored and the findings were used to estimate probability of a user's Internet activities being tracked on the websites in the Commonwealth countries.
Protein‐Size Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanogels as Synthetic Antibodies, by Localized Polymerization with Multi‐initiators (2012)

A new approach is proposed for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) (synthetic antibodies) as soluble nanogels with sizes close to the size of real antibodies. To imprint a molecular memory in particles consisting of only a few polymer chains, an initiator carrying multiple iniferter moieties is used. This allows for the simultaneous initiation of several polymer chains, and yields molecularly imprinted nanogels (17 nm, molecular weight (MW) = 97 kDa) with good affinity and selectivity for the target.
Label-free brain injury biomarker detection based on highly sensitive large area organic thin film transistor with hybrid coupling layer (2013)

We describe a sensitive, large-area thin film transistor (TFT) sensor platform for real time detection of low-concentration protein analytes in solution. The sensing area is 7 mm by 7 mm. p-channel (pentacene) and n-channel (a naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide, NTCDI) organic molecules were each used as semiconductors in conjunction with a newly designed receptor–antibody-functionalized top dielectric layer. This layer, incorporating both a fluorinated polymer and vapor-deposited hydrocarbon, provided maximum capacitive coupling and minimal interference from the aqueous analyte solution, and allowed convenient solvent processing of the antibody coupling layer. Additionally, a new antibody immobilization method was introduced, which led to high immobilization yield and surface coverage. Using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a model protein analyte, this sensor platform demonstrated significant selectivity and recognition of target protein even in much more concentrated non-target protein backgrounds. The dose–response relationship yielded a Langmuir isotherm from which a reasonable affinity constant was calculated for the protein and antibody. A zeta potential measurement provided further evidence of the surface potential change being detected by the TFTs. We explicitly verified for the first time that the response is in fact predominantly from perturbations of TFT channel current. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most sensitive organic TFT (OTFT) protein sensor yet reported, and also the first demonstration of the expected opposite current responses by p- and n-channel semiconductors to the same protein.
Nano-loaded natural killer cells as carriers of indocyanine green for synergetic cancer immunotherapy and phototherapy (2019)

To improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reduce their serious side effects, further efforts need to be exerted to identify better cancer therapeutic options that are effective, affordable, and acceptable to patients. In this study, a novel theranostic agent was produced to perform synergetic cancer immunotherapy and phototherapy. The theranostic agent, named natural killer (NK) cells carrying indocyanine green loaded liposomes was synthesized NK cells with ICG nanoparticles to serve as the agent for a newly-established cancer treatment. It is expected that the developed synergistic therapy can pave a new avenue for improved efficacy of cancer theranostics.
Normal incidence layered system state-space models which include absorption effects (1983)

Abstract We show how to include absorption effects in a normal incidence state-space model of a layered media system. Two models are discussed: a convolutional state-space model and a differential-delay state-space model. Extensive results are presented for the former model, whereas only formulative results are presented for the latter.For the convolutional state-space model we develop absorption impulse responses in closed form for Gaussian and exponential absorption operators. Simulation results demonstrate that this model has the desired low-pass filtering effect expected of a system with absorption losses.The differential-delay state-space model does not appear to have been applied before in the context of seismic modeling. We suggest it as a useful model.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Reaction of 4‐Nitrobenzofurazan with Amines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of trideuterated testosterone labeled selectively at the C‐19 angular methyl group (1978)

Abstract A synthetic procedure for testosterone‐19, 19, 19‐d 3 is described. Deuterium labeling of the C‐19 position was achieved by the Grignard reaction of 17β‐acetoxy‐5α, 10α‐epoxy‐estrane‐3‐cycloethyleneketal with deuterium labeled methyl magnesium bromide (CD 3 MgBr). The synthesis resulted in a product with 97.8% d 3 isotopic purity, which is selectively deuterated at C‐19 and chemically pure.
High-speed melt spinning of sheath/core bicomponent fibers of poly(L-lactide)s with different molecular weight (2019)

It is well known that, in the high-speed melt spinning of bicomponent fibers, structure development behaviors of individual components are different from those in the single-component spinning of respective components because of the kinematic mutual interaction of the two components in the spinning process. With the aim of obtaining the fibers of unique characteristics, sheath/core bicomponent fibers consisting of the low and high molecular weight poly(L-lactide)s (LowMw-PLLA and HighMw-PLLA) as the sheath and core components were prepared through the high-speed melt spinning process. Both PLLAs have the high optical purity with the D-lactide content of less than 0.5 %. The sheath/core ratio was set to 50/50. The attainable maximum take-up velocities, which are the measure of the spinnability, were 8, 9 and 10 km/min for the HighMw-PLLA, Sheath/core and LowMw-PLLA, respectively. Thinning and solidification behavior of the spin-line analysed through the on-line measurement of the spin-line diameter indicated that the neck-like deformation started to occur from lower take-up velocity in the order of HighMw-PLLA, Sheath/core and LowMw-PLLA. Position of the neck-like deformation at the same take-up velocity was closer to the spinneret with the same order. Different fiber formation behaviors in terms of the starting of the orientation-induced crystallization between the three types of spinning wert also confirmed from the Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction analysis of the as-spun fibers. After the starting of the orientation-induced crystallization of the sheath/core bicomponent fibers, the birefringence of the HighMw-PLLA component was higher than that of the single-component HighMw-PLLA fibers, whereas the birefringence of the LowMw-PLLA component was lower than that of the single component Low-Mw-PLLA. It is interesting to note that the birefringence of the LowMw-PLLA component decreased significantly with the increase of take-up velocity and reached close to zero at the highest take-up velocity of 9 km/min.
P5495Determinants of Energy Dissipation in non-optimal A-V delay: the role of intraventricular flow (2017)

cavotricuspid ablation was performed in another patient (3%) without any other complication. No evidence of recurrence of AV block was noted in those 2 pts who needed classic 3 leads CRT-P, and LV only pacing was also the best strategy for long term follow-up.
Examining the binding mechanism of 3,4-dihydro-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and its fragments to Cu2+ (2013)

The structure and stoichiometries of the complexes that could be formed between Cu2+ and 3,4-dihydro-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (1) were investigated by various spectral techniques such as IR, fluorescence, UV–vis and electron paramagnetic resonance. The results suggest that initially 3 : 1 and 2 : 1 (1/Cu2+) complexes are formed at low Cu2+ concentration and upon adding more Cu2+, 1 : 1 (preferred) and 1 : 2 complexes are generated. Since 1 possesses two possible binding sites, further exploration was done by testing the binding ability of Cu2+ to fragments of 1, namely β-enaminoketone derivatives (2–3) and quinoxaline-2-one (4), and by executing calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the reaction between 1 and Cu2+ in ethanol, optimized geometries of the possible complexes, and estimation of stability constants at various stoichiometries. Consequently, a step-by-step binding mechanism is suggested for formation of various complexes between 1 and Cu2+.
Differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy (2013)

High-precision cavity-enhanced spectroscopic measurements are commonly compromised by interferences caused by external etalons. Here, we present the differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy (D-CRDS) technique for reducing these perturbations. We discuss how etalons are caused by coupled-cavity interactions between the primary ring-down cavity and other optical elements of the experiment, and we model and experimentally verify how drift in cavity base loss correlates with barometric pressure and laboratory temperature. D-CRDS measurements of near-infrared CO2 spectra that are insensitive to etalon-induced distortions are then presented. Based on an average of &#x223C;100 spectra, these results yield a signal-to-noise ratio of 170,000&#x2236;1 and a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 4&#xD7;10&#x2212;12&#x2009;&#x2009;cm&#x2212;1.
3.9G Radio Reception with SC-FDMA Waveforms Under I/Q Imbalance (2007)

The so-called single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) waveform class, also known as DFT-spread OFDM, is a special form of multicarrier modulation, and has received a lot of interest in 3.9G system context recently. This paper addresses the radio implementation and RF impairment issues related to the reception of SC-FDMA waveforms. The main emphasis is on the so-called I/Q imbalance problem which in general results in imperfect attenuation of the mirror-frequencies. Here, the role of mirror-frequencies and mirror-frequency interference is addressed in detail from the SC-FDMA signals point of view, covering both the localized and distributed transmission modes. Furthermore, under perfect I/Q balance, it is shown that SC-FDMA signals satisfy certain circularity conditions related to the second-order statistics of complex random signals. This circularity, on the other hand, is lost due to I/Q imbalance which can then be used as a basis for developing efficient digital signal processing (DSP)-based algorithms to compensate for the I/Q imbalance effects. Comprehensive system simulations are carried out in both the localized and distributed spectral deployment cases, with and without digital compensation, to illustrate the relative effects of I/Q imbalances and the compensation stage on the overall system performance.
Plasma biguanide levels are correlated with metabolic effects in diabetic patients (1987)

Metabolic abnormalities occur in biguanide-treated diabetic patients. We investigated the relationship between plasma metformin and phenformin concentrations and metabolic effects. Drug levels were measured in 37 type II diabetic patients by HPLC. The method was sensitive, specific, and linear over a wide range of drug concentrations. Metformin and phenformin values ranged from 236 to 718 ng/ml and from 28 to 114 ng/ml, respectively. The plasma metformin level was correlated with triglycerides (r = -0.55; P less than 0.05) but not with drug dosage, plasma glucose, HbA1, creatinine, creatinine clearance, lactate, pyruvate, lipid, and clinical parameters. Plasma phenformin concentrations correlated with lactate (r = 0.49; P less than 0.05) and HbA1 (r = 0.50; P less than 0.05) but not with drug dosage, parameters of diabetes control, creatinine, creatinine clearance, pyruvate, and clinical parameters. The clinical usefulness of this HPLC method, the evidence that the increase of lactate is related to the circulating phenformin levels, and the demonstration that the metformin effect on triglyceride metabolism is correlated to plasma drug levels are the positive findings of this work.
Pharmacotherapy of asthma. (1976)

The pharmacological management of asthma is reviewed. Drugs discussed include: (1) sympathomimetic amines, (2) theophylline, (3) cromolyn sodium and (4) corticosteroids. Aspects of treatment discussed include: initial evaluation, therapy for acute symptoms, and chronic asthma.
Colchicine-free remission in familial Mediterranean fever: featuring a unique subset of the disease-a case control study (2014)

Prolonged colchicine-free remission defines a rare and milder form of FMF with unique clinical, demographic, and molecular characteristics.
Tetragonal Lysozyme Nucleation and Crystal Growth: The Role of the Solution Phase (2002)

Experimental evidence indicates a dominant role of solution phase interactions in nucleating and growing tetragonal lysozyme crystals. These interactions are extensive, even at saturation, and may be a primary cause of misoriented regions in crystals grown on Earth. Microgravity, by limiting interfacial concentrations to diffusion-controlled levels, may benefit crystal quality by also reducing the extent of associated species present at the interface.
Ultracompact Pseudowedge Plasmonic Lasers and Laser Arrays (2018)

Concentrating light at the deep subwavelength scale by utilizing plasmonic effects has been reported in various optoelectronic devices with intriguing phenomena and functionality. Plasmonic waveguides with a planar structure exhibit a two-dimensional degree of freedom for the surface plasmon; the degree of freedom can be further reduced by utilizing metallic nanostructures or nanoparticles for surface plasmon resonance. Reduction leads to different lightwave confinement capabilities, which can be utilized to construct plasmonic nanolaser cavities. However, most theoretical and experimental research efforts have focused on planar surface plasmon polariton (SPP) nanolasers. In this study, we combined nanometallic structures intersecting with ZnO nanowires and realized the first laser emission based on pseudowedge SPP waveguides. Relative to current plasmonic nanolasers, the pseudowedge plasmonic lasers reported in our study exhibit extremely small mode volumes, high group indices, high spontaneous emission factors, and high Purell factors beneficial for the strong interaction between light and matter. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compact plasmonic laser arrays can be constructed, which could benefit integrated plasmonic circuits.
Transport of vitamin B12 in Escherichia coli: cloning of the btuCD region (1985)

The transport of vitamin B12 in Escherichia coli requires a specific vitamin B12 receptor protein in the outer membrane and the tonB gene product. In addition, the btuC gene, located at min 38 on the genetic map, has been found to influence vitamin B12 uptake or utilization. The btuC function is required for the growth response to vitamin B12 when the outer membrane transport process (btuB or tonB function) is defective. However, even in a wild-type strain, btuC is required for proper transport of vitamin B12. Additional mutations in the vicinity of btuC were isolated as lac fusions that produced a phenotype similar to that of a btuC mutant. The btuC region was cloned by selection for complementation of a btuC mutation. Complementation testing with plasmids carrying various deletions or transposon Tn1000 insertions demonstrated that the new mutations defined a separate, independently expressed locus, termed btuD. The coding regions for both genes were identified on a 3.4-kilobase HindIII-HincII fragment and were 800 to 1,000 base pairs in length. They were separated by a 600- to 800-base-pair region. The gene order in this portion of the chromosome map was found to be pps-zdh-3::Tn10-btuD-btuC-pheS. Expression of beta-galactosidase in the btuD-lac fusion-bearing strains, whether proficient or defective in vitamin B12 transport, was not regulated by the presence of vitamin B12 in the growth medium.
Fast retrospectively triggered local pulse-wave velocity measurements in mice with CMR-microscopy using a radial trajectory (2013)

With the radial flow-encoding sequence the extraction of a self-gating signal is feasible. The retrospective method enables a robust and fast measurement of the local PWV without the need of additional trigger hardware.