gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digit forces bias sensorimotor transformations underlying control of fingertip position (2014)

Humans are able to modulate digit forces as a function of position despite changes in digit placement that might occur from trial to trial or when changing grip type for object manipulation. Although this phenomenon is likely to rely on sensing the position of the digits relative to each other and the object, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this question, we asked subjects (n = 30) to match perceived vertical distance between the center of pressure (CoP) of the thumb and index finger pads (dy ) of the right hand ("reference" hand) using the same hand ("test" hand). The digits of reference hand were passively placed collinearly (dy = 0 mm). Subjects were then asked to exert different combinations of normal and tangential digit forces (Fn and Ftan , respectively) using the reference hand and then match the memorized dy using the test hand. The reference hand exerted Ftan of thumb and index finger in either same or opposite direction. We hypothesized that, when the tangential forces of the digits are produced in opposite directions, matching error (1) would be biased toward the directions of the tangential forces; and (2) would be greater when the remembered relative contact points are matched with negligible digit force production. For the test hand, digit forces were either negligible (0.5-1 N, 0 ± 0.25 N; Experiment 1) or the same as those exerted by the reference hand (Experiment 2).Matching error was biased towards the direction of digit tangential forces: thumb CoP was placed higher than the index finger CoP when thumb and index finger Ftan were directed upward and downward, respectively, and vice versa (p < 0.001). However, matching error was not dependent on whether the reference and test hand exerted similar or different forces. We propose that the expected sensory consequence of motor commands for tangential forces in opposite directions overrides estimation of fingertip position through haptic sensory feedback.
Combustion and Deposition in Coal-Fired Turbines (1987)

Combustion and deposition behavior of coal in the form of highly beneficiated coal-water mixtures (CWM) has been investigated. The solids content of the CWM fuels was typically 50 percent, with a mean coal particle size of 4 μm and an ash content of 0.8 percent (dry). Combustion efficiencies in excess of 99.5 percent based on the carbon content of the collected ash were achieved in gas turbine-type can combustors with residence times of less than 20 ms with up to 25 percent (Btu basis) supplemental fuel oil assist. Ash deposition rates on a first-stage turbine nozzle sector were measured and were found to be much lower than would have been predicted from residual petroleum fuel experience because of differences in ash chemistry, and thus, deposition mechanism.
Hybrid Drug Delivery Patches Based on Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals and Colloid Titania—Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties (2018)

Spherical cellulose nanocrystal-based hybrids grafted with titania nanoparticles were successfully produced for topical drug delivery. The conventional analytical filter paper was used as a precursor material for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production. Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted via a simple and quick two-step process based on first the complexation with Cu(II) solution in aqueous ammonia followed by acid hydrolysis with diluted H₂SO₄. Triclosan was selected as a model drug for complexation with titania and further introduction into the nanocellulose based composite. Obtained materials were characterized by a broad variety of microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis methods. The drug release studies showed long-term release profiles of triclosan from the titania based nanocomposite that agreed with Higuchi model. The bacterial susceptibility tests demonstrated that released triclosan retained its antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. It was found that a small amount of titania significantly improved the antibacterial activity of obtained nanocomposites, even without immobilization of model drug. Thus, the developed hybrid patches are highly promising candidates for potential application as antibacterial agents.
Are Autoimmune Diseases Immunologic Deficiency States? (1968)

Until now we have been “grasping at straws” in our efforts to develop therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases. Such efforts, it is suggested, have been hampered by the assumption that these diseases are sequelae of immunologic hyperactivity. The fifth article of the immunology series presents evidence that autoimmunity in fact results from either selective or generalized immunologic deficiency.
Geometric modeling in shape space (2007)

We present a novel framework to treat shapes in the setting of Riemannian geometry. Shapes -- triangular meshes or more generally straight line graphs in Euclidean space -- are treated as points in a shape space. We introduce useful Riemannian metrics in this space to aid the user in design and modeling tasks, especially to explore the space of (approximately) isometric deformations of a given shape. Much of the work relies on an efficient algorithm to compute geodesics in shape spaces; to this end, we present a multi-resolution framework to solve the interpolation problem -- which amounts to solving a boundary value problem -- as well as the extrapolation problem -- an initial value problem -- in shape space. Based on these two operations, several classical concepts like parallel transport and the exponential map can be used in shape space to solve various geometric modeling and geometry processing tasks. Applications include shape morphing, shape deformation, deformation transfer, and intuitive shape exploration.
Effects of chemical treatments of barley straw on leaching, and digestibility by rumen fluid and cellulolytic bacteria (1994)

Effects of chemical treatments on in sacco and in vitro digestibility of barley straw by rumen fluid and pure cultures of celluloytic bacteria were studied to evaluate the pretreatment and to improve the poor quality feed. Chemicals were applied by dissolving them in water equivalent to 40% of the weight of the straw (dry matter basis). Pretreatment with 5% NaOH yielded the largest increase in sacco digestion followed by pretreatment with 2% (NH4)2SO3, 2.6% NH4OH, 1.6% NaHSO3 and untreated straw (control). In sacco dry matter digestibility of straw treated with NaOH and (NH4)2SO3 continued to increase as the concentration of chemical increased (1 to 7.5%), as it was the in vitro dry matter loss by leaching. Treatment of barley straw with 5% NaOH enhanced significantly (p<0.01) in vitro digestibility by rumen fluid, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus though the fermentation products by celluloytic bacteria were low, whereas the treatment with 5% (NH4)2SO3 inhibited in vitro digestibility by F. succinogenes and R. albus together with lower fermentation products. Dry matter loss by leaching and bacterial digestion from barley straw treated with NaOH and (NH4)2SO3 suggested the effect of pretreatment with these chemicals were based on leaching, and the celluloytic bacteria had little to do with digestion.
Clues for early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease – myths and realities (2017)

The most consistent biochemical finding of untreated AAD was low sodium independent of the degree of glucocorticoid deficiency. Half of the patients had elevated TSH levels. Only a minority presented with marked hyperkalaemia or other nonhormonal abnormalities. Thus, unexplained low sodium and/or elevated TSH should prompt consideration of an undiagnosed AAD, and on clinical suspicion bring about assay of cortisol and ACTH. Presence of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies confirms autoimmune aetiology. Anticipating additional abnormalities in routine blood tests may delay diagnosis.
A Porphyrin–Fullerene Dyad with a Supramolecular “Double‐Cable” Structure as a Novel Electron Acceptor for Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells (2011)

With a supramolecular “double-cable” structure in the solid state, a light harvesting porphyrin-fullerene dyad is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for new electron acceptors in high-performance bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs). It has long-lived mobile carriers, a high short circuit current, and a large open circuit voltage. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Imidazoline Binding Domains on MAO‐B: Localization and Accessibilitya (1999)

Various imidazoline and guanidinium derivatives elicit diverse cellular responses in both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system that are often difficult to attribute to known receptor signaling systems. Such molecules also exhibit high affinity for membrane proteins (imidazoline binding sites) that are distinct from receptors for known hormones and recognize endogenous bioactive substance(s) that mimic some of the effects of these compounds. These observations suggest a previously uncharacterized cell signaling system. However, limited information on the identity and functionality of this family of imidazoline binding sites has hampered the full understanding of this system. Unexpectedly and of particular significance, recent data indicate that two members of the family of imidazoline binding proteins are identical to the A and B isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO). The imidazoline binding domain on MAO is distinct from the enzyme active site that recognizes the mechanism-based inhibitors such as pargyline and deprenyl and is not equally accessible in all tissues.
P034 A dietary fibre intervention shapes the microbiome towards an anti-inflammatory tone (2019)

The intestinal microbiome in IBD shows characteristic changes already early in the course of disease. These include enrichment of Proteobacteria and reduction of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing Lachnospiraceae. Prebiotics are one way to modulate a dysbiotic microbiome but insight into the interactions between diet, microbiome and host remains limited. This study aims to decipher novel links between a dietary fibre intervention with partially hydrolysed guar gum (PHGG) and structural and metabolic changes of the microbiome, investigating the potential of dietary fibre in IBD prevention and supportive treatment. A clinical trial including 19 healthy volunteers (8 males, 11 females) was performed. Stool, serum and urine samples were collected weekly for 9 weeks allowing every study participant to serve as their own control. The study included 3 periods: a 3-week baseline, a 3-week intervention, and a 3-week washout phase. During the intervention phase, participants received daily dosing of 5 g PHGG for 3 days followed by 10 g PHGG for 4 days in the first week, proceeding with 2 weeks of 15 g PHGG per day. A medical and nutritional history was taken for every participant at baseline, questionnaires on abdominal symptoms were completed weekly and stool habits were recorded daily using the Bristol Stool Chart. Microbiome structure was assessed by 16S metagenomics using both V1-V3 and V3-V4 regions and Tax4Fun was used to estimate functional profiles from taxa abundance. Faecal metabolomics were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Metagenomic and metabolomic data were linked using sparse regression matrices and analysis of co-occurrence/-exclusion. PHGG increased stool frequency and reduced stool consistency. This laxative effect was more pronounced in males than females and persisted during the washout phase. PHGG decreased α diversity during intervention, but this effect did not persist. Β-diversity was not different between study periods but taxa changing significantly under PHGG treatment were detected: PHGG was associated with reduction in certain Erysipelotrichaceae and Pasteurellaceae and increase in certain Lachnospiraceae. Principal component analysis of NMR spectra showed significant gender-specific differences and numerous significantly changed metabolites before, during and after intervention were detected. This study shows that a dietary intervention with PHGG induces beneficial changes of intestinal microbial composition and function along with changes in microbiota-derived metabolites. PHGG supplementation could be one way to attenuate IBD associated changes of the microbiome. We plan to investigate these effects by additional experiments in models of intestinal inflammation.
Characterization and Comparison of 5 Platelet‐Rich Plasma Preparations in a Single‐Donor Model (2014)

Our findings will help clinicians to choose a system that meets their specific needs for a given indication.
Uroporphyrinogen III methylase catalyzes the enzymic synthesis of sirohydrochlorins II and IV by a clockwise mechanism [Erratum to document cited in CA113(3):20050w] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUroporphyrinogen III methylase catalyzes the enzymic synthesis of sirohydrochlorins II and IV by a clockwise mechanism [Erratum to document cited in CA113(3):20050w]Martin J. Warren, Mario D. Gonzalez, Howard J. Williams, Neal J. Stolowich, and A. Ian ScottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7835Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00177a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00177a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selectivity of two types of sulfadimidine‐imprinted monolithic polymer‐based fibers (2012)

Molecularly imprinted polymeric monolithic fiber is a new technique of solid-phase microextraction that focuses on selectivity. However, the inner mechanism of increasing the selectivity is not well understood. Here, a new approach to improve the selectivity is shown through controlling the surface of a molecular imprinted polymeric monolithic fiber. Sulfadimidine-imprinted polymeric monolithic fibers were fabricated using two kinds of molds, the polytetrafluoroethylene capillary and the silica capillary. A mixture of sulfadimidine, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, and sulfametoxypirydazine was used to test the selectivity of the fibers to sulfadimidine. This paper demonstrates that the extraction ratio for sulfadimidine in mixture is increased to more than 150% in sulfadimidine-imprinted polymeric monolithic fiber compared to nonimprinted polymeric monolithic fiber. The extraction ratio is increased to about 30% in sulfadimidine-imprinted polymeric monolithic fiber fabricated from silica capillary than in the counterpart from nonimprinted polymeric monolithic fiber. The sulfadimidine-imprinted polymeric monolithic fibers were also applied to extract standard mixtures spiked into Pearl River water and milk. The results indicated that polytetrafluoroethylene-sulfadimidine imprinted polymeric monolithic fiber showed highest selectivity to sulfadimidine in complex samples.
Older adults can use memory for distinctive objects, but not distinctive scenes, to rescue associative memory deficits (2023)

Associative memory deficits in aging are frequently characterized by false recognition of novel stimulus associations, particularly when stimuli are similar. Introducing distinctive stimuli, therefore, can help guide item differentiation in memory and can further our understanding of how age-related brain changes impact behavior. How older adults use different types of distinctive information to distinguish overlapping events in memory and to avoid false associative recognition is still unknown. To test this, we manipulated the distinctiveness of items from two stimulus categories, scenes and objects, across three conditions: (1) distinct scenes paired with similar objects, (2) similar scenes paired with distinct objects, and (3) similar scenes paired with similar objects. Young and older adults studied scene-object pairs and then made both remember/know judgments toward single items as well as associative memory judgments to old and novel scene-object pairs ("Were these paired together?"). Older adults showed intact single item recognition of scenes and objects, regardless of whether those objects and scenes were similar or distinct. In contrast, relative to younger adults, older adults showed elevated false recognition for scene-object pairs, even when the scenes were distinct. These age-related associative memory deficits, however, disappeared if the pair contained an object that was visually distinct. In line with neural evidence that hippocampal functioning and scene processing decline with age, these results suggest that older adults can rely on memory for distinct objects, but not for distinct scenes, to distinguish between memories with overlapping features.
Diverse mechanisms activate the PI 3-kinase/mTOR pathway in melanomas: implications for the use of PI 3-kinase inhibitors to overcome resistance to inhibitors of BRAF and MEK (2021)

Overall, this indicates a high degree of diversity in the way the PI3K pathway is activated in different melanoma cell lines and that mTOR is the most effective point for targeting the growth via the PI3K pathway across all of these cell lines.
A 12‐gene signature to distinguish colon cancer patients with better clinical outcome following treatment with 5‐fluorouracil or FOLFIRI (2015)

Currently, there is no marker in use in the clinical management of colon cancer to predict which patients will respond efficiently to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a common component of all cytotoxic therapies. Our aim was to develop and validate a multigene signature associated with clinical outcome from 5-FU therapy and to determine if it could be used to identify patients who might respond better to alternate treatments. Using a panel of 5-FU resistant and sensitive colon cancer cell lines, we identified 103 differentially expressed genes providing us with a 5-FU response signature. We refined this signature using a clinically relevant DNA microarray-based dataset of 359 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colon cancer samples. We then validated the final signature in an external independent DNA microarray-based dataset of 316 stage III FFPE samples from the PETACC-3 (Pan-European Trails in Alimentary Tract Cancers) clinical trial. Finally, using a drug sensitivity database of 658 cell lines, we generated a list of drugs that could sensitize 5-FU resistant patients using our signature. We confirmed using the PETACC-3 dataset that the overall survival of subjects responding well to 5-FU did not improve with the addition of irinotecan (FOLFIRI; two-sided log-rank test p = 0.795). Conversely, patients who responded poorly to 5-FU based on our 12-gene signature were associated with better survival on FOLFIRI therapy (one-sided log-rank test p = 0.039). This new multigene signature is readily applicable to FFPE samples and provides a new tool to help manage treatment in stage III colon cancer. It also provides the first evidence that a subgroup of colon cancer patients can respond better to FOLFIRI than 5-FU treatment alone.
A temperature-compensated fibre optic extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric displacement sensor for fault measurement in geomechanics (2012)

A fibre optic extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) displacement sensor for fault measurement in geomechanics is experimentally demonstrated. By using a metal tube and metal bars the EFPI displacement sensor can demonstrate high strength and high stability, as the effects of the harsh environment are mitigated. The sensor is fixed to a long stainless steel pipe which is inserted into a drilled hole and placed across the fault zone. In this way, the sensor can be placed easily and accurately in the fault zone. In order to eliminate the influence of temperature two metal bars of different materials, and therefore with different thermal expansion coefficients, are used. Thus, the sensor itself is capable of compensating for temperature. The experimental results show that the ratio of the cavity length to the temperature reduces from 0.142 to −0.045 µm °C−1. In a continuous test, the measurement results vary over a range of 4.954 µm and the standard deviation is 1.196 µm, when the temperature is changed from 17 to 80 °C.
Supplementary Table 2 from Hepatocyte Growth Factor Sensitizes Brain Tumors to c-MET Kinase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 128K, Reverse Phase Protein Microarray data for the cell lines with high HGF vs. cell lines with low HGF&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 3 from SUZ12 Promotes Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Suppressing Apoptosis via Silencing HRK (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K, Alterations of the apoptosis regulating genes in SUZ12 knockdown EOC cells&lt;/p&gt;
Submillimeter-wave remote sensing spectrometers (2014)

Space borne Submillimeter-wave remote sensing spectrometers enable unique science addressing key questions regarding our Universe. Measurements from the MLS instrument have shed light on ozone chemistry. More recently, the HIFI instrument on Herschel Space Observatory has made key discoveries regarding star formation and even planetary atmospheres. This paper will discuss recent technology development efforts that will enable the next generation of submillimeter-wave spectrometers. These instruments will be compact, low power and enable multi-pixel imaging of targets.
Perceptions of individuals living with spinal cord injury toward preference-based quality of life instruments: a qualitative exploration (2014)

Despite a strong theoretical underpinning, the AQoL-8D (and other AQoL instruments) is infrequently used outside its country of origin (Australia). Empirical comparative analyses of the favoured instruments identified in this qualitative study are necessary within the context of spinal cord injury.