gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Injectable Polysaccharide Hydrogels as Localized Nitric Oxide Delivery Formulations (2023)

A series of injectable polysaccharide hydrogels were prepared with oxidized dextran and diethylenetriamine-modified carboxymethylcellulose or hyaluronic acid. Rheological evaluation revealed that carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels achieved the largest storage moduli (>1 kPa) when prepared from 5 wt. % solutions. However, carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels with storage moduli >100 Pa were prepared from solutions with concentrations as low as 2 wt. %. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels demonstrated smaller storage moduli but had swelling ratios more than four times that of the carboxymethylcellulose systems at the same polymer concentrations. The incorporation of <i>N</i>-diazeniumdiolate NO donors into the hydrogels resulted in reduced hydrogel storage moduli as a function of NO donor concentration. The impact of the hydrogel architecture on NO-release kinetics proved dependent on the identity of the NO donor. Hydrogel degradation over 14 d was measured at pH 5.4 and 7.4 and indicated that hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels degraded more rapidly than carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels and that the addition of NO to the hydrogels increased the rate at which they degraded. In vitro cytotoxicity of hydrogel extracts was evaluated against five cell lines, with no observed toxicity except for that of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel extracts against human gingival fibroblasts. The diverse properties, versatility, and non-toxic characteristics of these injectable hydrogels should facilitate local delivery of nitric oxide for a range of biomedical applications.
Circumambulatory Movement of Negative Charge (“Ring Walk”) during Gas-Phase Dissociation of 2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzoate Anion (2014)

A dramatic "ortho effect" was observed during gas-phase dissociation of ortho-, meta-, and para-methoxybenzoate anions. Upon activation under mass spectrometric collisional activation conditions, anions generated from all three isomers undergo a CO2 loss. Of the m/z 107 ions generated in this way, only the 1-dehydro-2-methoxybenzene anion from the ortho isomer underwent an exclusive formaldehyde loss. A peak for a formaldehyde loss in the spectra of 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoates and the absence of an analogous peak from 3,4- and 3,5-dimethoxy derivatives confirmed that this is a diagnostically useful ortho-isomer-specific phenomenon. Moreover, the spectrum from 2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid showed peaks for two consecutive formaldehyde losses. The 1-dehydro-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene anion (m/z 167) generated from 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzoate in this way endures three consecutive eliminations of formaldehyde units. For this, the negative charge, initially located on position 1, circumambulates to position 2, then to position 3, and finally to position 4 to form the final phenyl anion. The proposed stepwise fragmentation pathway, which resembles the well-known E1cB-elimination mechanism, is supported by tandem mass spectrometric observations made with 2-[(13)C(2)H3]methoxy-3-[(13)C]methoxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, and ab initio calculations. In addition, the spectra of ions such as 1-dehydro-3,4-dimethoxybenzene anion show peaks for consecutive methyl radical losses, a feature that establishes the 1,2-relationship between the two methoxy groups.
Statistical characterization and segmentation of drusen in fundus images (2011)

Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the retina associated with aging. AMD progression in patients is characterized by drusen, pigmentation changes, and geographic atrophy, which can be seen using fundus imagery. The level of AMD is characterized by standard scaling methods, which can be somewhat subjective in practice. In this work we propose a statistical image processing approach to segment drusen with the ultimate goal of characterizing the AMD progression in a data set of longitudinal images. The method characterizes retinal structures with a statistical model of the colors in the retina image. When comparing the segmentation results of the method between longitudinal images with known AMD progression and those without, the method detects progression in our longitudinal data set with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.99.
Real Time Emulation of Parametric Guitar Tube Amplifier with Long Short Term Memory Neural Network (2018)

Numerous audio systems for musicians are expensive and bulky. Therefore, it could be advantageous to model them and to replace them by computer emulation. In guitar players' world, audio systems could have a desirable nonlinear behavior (distortion effects). It is thus difficult to find a simple model to emulate them in real time. Volterra series model and its subclass are usual ways to model nonlinear systems. Unfortunately, these systems are difficult to identify in an analytic way. In this paper we propose to take advantage of the new progress made in neural networks to emulate them in real time. We show that an accurate emulation can be reached with less than 1% of root mean square error between the signal coming from a tube amplifier and the output of the neural network. Moreover, the research has been extended to model the Gain parameter of the amplifier.
Multi-exposure image fusion based on wavelet transform (2018)

This article proposes a novel wavelet-based algorithm for the fusion of multi-exposed images. The luminance inversion is suppressed and the contrast of the fused image is enhanced, by introducing the brightness of input images into the well-exposedness weight. The weight is used to fuse the approximate sub-bands of input images in the wavelet domain. At the same time, the detail sub-bands of input images are fused by the adjusted contrast weight to avoid losing details around the strong edges. Besides, a novel enhancement function was proposed to enhance the details of the fused image. The proposed multi-exposure fusion scheme consists of three steps: (1) transforming the input images into YUV space and fusing the color-difference components U and V according to the saturation weight; (2) transforming the luminance component Y into the wavelet domain and fusing the corresponding approximate sub-bands and detail sub-bands by the well-exposedness weight and adjusted contrast weight, respectively; and (3) transforming the fused image back into RGB space to obtain the final result. The experiments illustrate that the proposed method is able to effectively preserve details, enhance contrast, and maintain consistency with the luminance distribution of input images.
Frequency assignments in IEEE 802.11 WLANs with efficient spectrum sharing (2008)

Abstract As the number of WLAN users grows, the need to perform efficient radio resource management strategies becomes essential due to the fact that most popular technologies, those based on IEEE 802.11 standards, use unlicensed frequency bands. A good channel assignment improves the network performance, producing benefits that are perceived by the users and also by the network administrators. In this paper, we present a new frequency management scheme for IEEE 802.11 WLANs in the 2.4 GHz ISM band that minimizes interference to increase the throughput available to client stations by adapting a weighted DSATUR algorithm for graph coloring. The algorithm takes both co‐channel and adjacent channel interference into account, and makes use of all available channels instead of the traditional non‐overlapping three. In this way, collisions as well as transmission errors are minimized, thus improving the network capacity and the user experience. Different architectures are discussed for the implementation of our approach, including the possibility to incorporate client stations into the management system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Landscape resistance mediates native fish species distribution shifts and vulnerability to climate change in riverscapes (2020)

A broader understanding of how landscape resistance influences climate change vulnerability for many species is needed, as is an understanding of how barriers to dispersal may impact vulnerability. Freshwater biodiversity is at particular risk, but previous studies have focused on popular cold-water fishes (e.g., salmon, trout, and char) with relatively large body sizes and mobility. Those fishes may be able to track habitat change more adeptly than less mobile species. Smaller, less mobile fishes are rarely represented in studies demonstrating effects of climate change, but depending on their thermal tolerance, they may be particularly vulnerable to environmental change. By revisiting 280 sites over a 20 year interval throughout a warming riverscape, we described changes in occupancy (i.e., site extirpation and colonization probabilities) and assessed the environmental conditions associated with those changes for four fishes spanning a range of body sizes, thermal and habitat preferences. Two larger-bodied trout species exhibited small changes in site occupancy, with bull trout experiencing a 9.2% (95% CI = 8.3%-10.1%) reduction, mostly in warmer stream reaches, and westslope cutthroat trout experiencing a nonsignificant 1% increase. The small-bodied cool water slimy sculpin was originally distributed broadly throughout the network and experienced a 48.0% (95% CI = 42.0%-54.0%) reduction in site occupancy with declines common in warmer stream reaches and areas subject to wildfire disturbances. The small-bodied comparatively warmer water longnose dace primarily occupied larger streams and increased its occurrence in the lower portions of connected tributaries during the study period. Distribution shifts for sculpin and dace were significantly constrained by barriers, which included anthropogenic water diversions, natural step-pools and cascades in steeper upstream reaches. Our results suggest that aquatic communities exhibit a range of responses to climate change, and that improving passage and fluvial connectivity will be important climate adaptation tactics for conserving aquatic biodiversity.
Zeolite and Ascophyllum nodosum-Based Biostimulant Effects on Spinach Gas Exchange and Growth (2023)

Among the innovative practices of dry-farming in recent years, the possibility of the combined use of biostimulants and soil conditioners is assuming an important role. In a preliminary pot experiment, this study aimed to verify the combined effects of Ascophyllum nodosum-based biostimulant and zeolite applied to the soil on gas-exchange and spinach growth. We also monitored the soil water content to study the effect on spinach soil water uptake. Pots were filled with soil to which zeolite and an Ascophyllum nodosum-based biostimulant were added. Spinach plants grew into pots and were subjected to four treatments: (1) soil plus zeolite at a percentage of 1%, (2) soil plus the biostimulant, (3) soil plus zeolite at 1% and biostimulant, (4) bare soil as control. The use of the zeolite and the A. nodosum-based biostimulant led to a higher (+10%) soil water content, highlighting the positive role in allowing a good water uptake by the spinach plant. Plant growth was not changed, while only photosynthesis showed an increase equal to 6% in spinach plants. These results are discussed with the soil water content variation according to modification induced by treatments. The combined use of zeolite and A. nodosum-based biostimulant can be considered a strategy to improve water storage and, at the same time, improve spinach cultivation in terms of sustainability.
Front Cover: Synthesis and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fluorine‐Containing Bisphosphonates (ChemMedChem 4/2019) (2019)

The Front Cover shows a fluorine derivative of zoledronate that has its PCP backbone esterified with pivoxil groups to make it a prodrug (left, compound 11). Masking the negative charges increases its entry into cells. After entry, esterases cleave the pivoxil groups resulting in the active drug (right, compound 10) which inhibits farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Inhibition leads to the accumulation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). IPP then binds to the B30.2 domain of butyrophilin 3A1. This binding can be sensed at the cell surface by γδ T cells through their Vγ2Vδ2 T cell antigen receptors by an unknown mechanism. This leads to their activation to kill tumor cells and to secrete interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. The fluoro-zoledronate prodrug is ∼1000-fold more potent than its acid form or zoledronic acid, the most active FDA-approved drug. Thus, this compound could enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Yoshimasa Tanaka et al. on page 462 in Issue 4, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800764).
The Effect of Heart Rate Control on Myocardial Ischemia Among High-Risk Patients After Vascular Surgery (2000)

RABY, KHETHER E.; BRULL, SORIN J.; TIMIMI, FARRIS; AKHTAR, SHAMSUDDIN; ROSENBAUM, STANLEY; NAIMI, CAMERON; WHITTEMORE, ANTHONY D. Author Information
RELIABILITY BASED RATING PROCEDURE FOR CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGES USING FIELD TESTING (1998)

Concrete slab bridges are short span bridges that are found in the thousands in both state and county inventories. A majority of these bridges are three-span continuous and were constructed during the years when H15 AASHTO truck loads were used as the designed vehicle load. The problem occurs when these bridges are required to carry higher traffic loads, such as AASHTO HS20 design truck loads, which are 72,000 lb (32,659 kg). An extensive investigation to comprehend the behavior of concrete slab bridges and develop a state of the art method of rating them was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln between 1991 and 1997. This report summarizes the entire investigation, which was carried out in two phases. The experimental work included testing 12 concrete slab bridges in the field and constructing and testing of a 1/4 scale three span bridge in the laboratory. One slab bridge was tested to collapse in the field. Experimental data were used to develop a reliable procedure to carry out three dimensional analysis of concrete slab bridges. Information gained from conducting experimental and numerical analysis was used to develop a state of the art method to rate concrete slab bridges using probabilistic approach. Results of this investigation indicate that concrete slab bridges have large reserve capacities, including those originally designed for H15 loads, and most of these bridges could carry modern traffic loads.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the role of selenium. Current concepts. (2007)

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clinical manifestations of HT are variable and commonly include diffuse or nodular goiter with euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and permanent hypothyroidism. Uncommonly, HT causes acute destruction of thyroid tissue and release of stored thyroid hormones, causing transient thyrotoxicosis (hashitoxicosis). The contribution of methods and techniques of nuclear medicine to diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HT is indisputable. In HT patients with overt hypothyroidism L-thyroxine (L-T(4)) should be given in the usual replacement doses, but in HT patients with a large goiter and normal or elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), L-T(4) may be given in doses sufficient to suppress serum TSH. Symptomatic patients with hashitoxicosis and low 24-hour thyroid radioactive iodine ((123)I or (123)I) uptake (RIU) may be treated with beta-blockers (as propranolol) and sodium ipodate or iopanoic acid (iodinated contrast agents) that block the peripheral conversion of T(4) to T(3). Recent clinical studies have documented the suppressive effect of selenium treatment on serum anti-thyroid peroxidase concentrations in patients with HT.
Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV Purified with Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin Induce Strong Immune Responses (1993)

Lectin affinity chromatography was used to purify in a single step the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. Envelope glycoproteins carry the major determinants essential for protection by the humoral immune response. The purification of these proteins has previously been a laborious procedure. The glycoproteins were purified by a one-step procedure to a high level of purity by using Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA). The purified glycoprotein had CD4-binding and antigenic reactivities. Strong immune responses to envelope proteins and peptides were seen in mice and primates after immunization with these preparations.
Figure S2 from Auranofin Protects Intestine against Radiation Injury by Modulating p53/p21 Pathway and Radiosensitizes Human Colon Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplement Figure S2&lt;/p&gt;
Radar Chart for Estimation Performance Evaluation (2019)

Comprehensive measures for the estimation performance evaluation (EPE) has become increasingly prominent. This paper proposed a new radar chart evaluation method to measure the estimation performance. Firstly, the new radar chart index, which is composed of several popular incomprehensive measures, are presented, and the method of the weight of the each index is calculated based on vector ranking method. Secondly, the new comprehensive measures for the EPE is designed according to the fan area and the fan arc length. Finally, two cases study are provided to verify the effectiveness of this method.
A Moral Judgment System using Evaluation Expressions (2015)

In this paper, we propose a moral judgment system. Moral judgment means right and wrong judgment. The proposed system consists of the extraction of moral words phase and the moral judgment phase. In the extraction of moral words phase, the positive words and the negative words are extracted based on the co-occurrence frequency of the learning data and the words in the polarity dictionary. In the moral judgment phase, first, the determination of whether the input sentence relates to morality or not is performed. Second, if the input is determined to relate to morality, the scoring based on the co-occurrence frequency of the input and the important evaluation expressions is carried out. In the experiments, we compared the proposed system with judgments by humans. As a result, it is implied that the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Solid-State 1H NMR Relaxation Analysis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Reactor Powder (2002)

Solid-echo 1H NMR relaxation was analyzed for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene reactor powders. Their high crystallinities reveal the characteristics of crystalline free induction decay (FID). We propose here a very simple but appropriate fitting function for the crystalline component: combination of Weibullian and sine functions. The applicability of this function was tested for the series of samples having much higher crystallinity of over 90%, which was achieved by fuming nitric acid etching at room temperature over a period of 1 year. The typical beat at 20−30 μs on the observed FID was further emphasized by prolongation of etching time, which corresponds to “crystalline” relaxation. An introduction of the simple Weibullian/sine function for FID fitting reproduces well this beat profile. On the other hand, the FID relaxation of the amorphous chains could be represented by the single Weibullian function. However, they were classified into two categories: intermediate and mobile, depending on their relaxation characteristics. Among these three components (crystalline, intermediate, and mobile ones) exhibiting different chain motions, the intermediate amorphous relaxation was an effective guide for characterization of phase arrangements in our powder samples. The component percentage of this phase decreased with prolongation of the etching time, which was coincident with the crystallinity development detected by thermal analysis. Also, the spin−spin relaxation time of intermediate amorphous chains gradually decreased with the progress of the etching treatment. These results indicate that the molecular motion of the surviving intermediate amorphous phase is restricted. A comparison of morphological changes and these FID characteristic transformations obtained during etching suggested that such an intermediate amorphous phase is located in the region between crystalline domains within the powder globules.
Effect of glutathione depletion by treatment with substrates of the glutathione S-transferases on gluconeogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate recycling in rat hepatocytes (1987)

Conference Article| April 01 1987 Effect of glutathione depletion by treatment with substrates of the glutathione S-transferases on gluconeogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate recycling in rat hepatocytes GUILLERMO T. SÁEZ; GUILLERMO T. SÁEZ 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANTONIO IRADI; ANTONIO IRADI 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOSÉ L. GALBIS; JOSÉ L. GALBIS 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOSÉ M. ESTRELA; JOSÉ M. ESTRELA 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JUAN R. VIÑA; JUAN R. VIÑA 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOSÉ VIÑA JOSÉ VIÑA 1Departamento de Bioquimica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 46010 Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (2): 223–224. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150223 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GUILLERMO T. SÁEZ, ANTONIO IRADI, JOSÉ L. GALBIS, JOSÉ M. ESTRELA, JUAN R. VIÑA, JOSÉ VIÑA; Effect of glutathione depletion by treatment with substrates of the glutathione S-transferases on gluconeogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate recycling in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1987; 15 (2): 223–224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150223 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DEM, diethylmaleate, PEP, phosphoenol-pyruvate This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Contextual Sensitivity and Bird Song: A Basis for Social Life (2008)

This chapter presents evidence from songbirds of evolutionary convergence with certain features of the vocal flexibility found in humans, addresses human communication skills as a reference, and analyzes the possible convergences in animal species, highlighting a particular social songbird species. It suggests that animal communication may offer a useful reminder that the evolution of most basic principles of communication rules and contextual sensitivity may not have required higher cognitive processes. The chapter also proposes that regulations of vocal interactions, their contextual sensitivity, and dependency upon social experience indicate further convergence with human communication.
Maturation and release of interleukin-1beta by lypopolysaccharide-primed mouse Schwann cells require the stimulation of P2X7 receptors (2003)

International audience
Empiric antibiotics for an elevated prostate‐specific antigen ( PSA ) level: a randomised, prospective, controlled multi‐institutional trial (2013)

Despite not meeting the target accrual goal, empiric use of antibiotics for asymptomatic men with an elevated PSA level does not appear to be of clinical benefit.