gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Direct Writing Process for Making Electrodes and High-k Sol–Gel ZrO2 for Boosting Performances of MoS2 Transistors (2016)

A series of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), can be attractive materials for photonic and electronic applications due to their exceptional properties. Among these unique properties, high mobility of 2D TMDCs enables realization of high-performance nanoelectronics based on a thin film transistor (TFT) platform. In this contribution, we report highly enhanced field effect mobility (μ(eff) = 50.1 cm(2)/(V s), ∼2.5 times) of MoS2 TFTs through the sol-gel processed high-k ZrO2 (∼22.0) insulator, compared to those of typical MoS2/SiO2/Si structures (μ(eff) = 19.4 cm(2)/(V s)) because a high-k dielectric layer can suppress Coulomb electron scattering and reduce interface trap concentration. Additionally, in order to avoid costly conventional mask based photolithography and define the patterns, we employ a simple laser direct writing (LDW) process. This process allows precise and flexible control with reasonable resolution (up to ∼10 nm), depending on the system, and enables fabrication of arbitrarily patterned devices. Taking advantage of continuing developments in laser technology offers a substantial cost decrease, and LDW may emerge as a promising technology.
Diffraction Catastrophes in the Optics and Acoustics of Crystals (2020)

In this paper, different types of singular points of the wave vector surface are considered. It is demonstrated that the light and acoustic beam propagation along the directions related to these points is identified with the simplest diffraction catastrophes. The possibility of transformation of one type of catastrophes to another in the presence of small disturbance is established. To illustrate this, we show an example of removing the degeneracy of phase velocities along the optical (acoustic) axis in a gyrotropic crystal and transforming a diffraction catastrophe, consisting in the correspondence of one wave normal to the whole cone of rays, into a diffraction catastrophe of the fold. The latter is characterized by the formation of sharp edges and the allocation of an additional sub-surface on the ray surface. Owing to this, not two but four (in acoustics – quasi transversal) waves with different group velocities may propagate in a definite direction near the (acoustic) axis.
Geostatistical Inversion of 3D Seismic Data to Extrapolate Wireline Petrophysical Variables Laterally Away From the Well (2000)

Abstract Interpretation of well-log data into petrophysical variables, such as effective porosity, permeability, and effective fluid saturation, provides an initial assessment of commercial hydrocarbon assets in the near vicinity of a well. A more accurate assessment requires quantitative indication of lateral continuity away from the well. Because wireline tools can only sense rock formation properties a few meters away from the well, assessment of lateral continuity is at best done qualitatively with the aid of stratigraphie analysis or well-to-well correlations. Seldom do these extrapolation methods take advantage of the nowadays commonly available 3D seismic data. In effect, despite possessing much less vertical resolution than well-log data, 3D seismic data have good lateral resolution that can naturally complement the vertical resolution of well-log data. We have developed an estimation procedure whereby wireline data can be extrapolated away from existing wells using geostatistical inversion of post-stack 3D seismic data. This procedure works by estimating a joint probability density function (PDF) that defines a physical relationship between seismic measurements (e.g. P-wave velocity, and P-wave acoustic impedance), and petrophysical variables (e.g. density/porosity and bed thickness) rendered by well-log data. The estimated joint PDF is further normalized to reflect a vertical resolution midway between the resolution of seismic data and the resolution of well-log data. Variograms are also estimated from well-log and seismic data that define the expected degree of lateral smoothness away from the well. We then generate stochastic realizations of petrophysical variables that not only honor the well-log data, but most importantly, that fully honor the 3D seismic data in a least-squares sense. In the presence of closely spaced wells, geostatistical inversion can also be used to estimate an accurate static reservoir model for the subsequent simulation and planning of in-fìll drilling and/or enhanced-oil-recovery operations. Examples are described in which geostatistical inversion provides lateral delineations of sand units consistent with measured fluid production data.
a-b Plane Anisotropy in YBCO (1996)

The zero temperature in plane penetration depth in an untwinned single crystal of optimally doped YBa_2Cu_3O_6.93 is highly anisotropic. This fact has been interpreted as evidence that a large amount of the condensate resides in the chains. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of lambda_a(T)/lambda_a(0) and lambda_b(T)/lambda_b(0) (where the b-direction is along the chains) are not very different. This constrains theories and is, in particular, difficult to understand within a proximity model with d-wave pairing only in the CuO_2 plane and none on the CuO chains but instead supports a more three dimensional models with interplane interactions.
Cloning, Characterization, and Sulfonamide and Thiol Inhibition Studies of an α-Carbonic Anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the Causative Agent of Chagas Disease (2013)

An α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) has been identified, cloned, and characterized from the unicellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. The enzyme (TcCA) has a very high catalytic activity for the CO2 hydration reaction, being similar kinetically to the human (h) isoform hCA II, although it is devoid of the His64 proton shuttle. A large number of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and some 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were investigated as TcCA inhibitors. The aromatic sulfonamides were weak inhibitors (K(I) values of 192 nM to 84 μM), whereas some heterocyclic compounds inhibited the enzyme with K(I) values in the range 61.6-93.6 nM. The thiols were the most potent in vitro inhibitors (K(I) values of 21.1-79.0 nM), and some of them also inhibited the epimastigotes growth of two T. cruzi strains in vivo.
Stable Sodium Storage of Red Phosphorus Anode Enabled by a Dual-Protection Strategy (2018)

Red phosphorus is appealing for anode use in sodium-ion batteries. However, the synthesis of electrochemically stable red P anodes remains challenging due to a notable volume variation upon (de)sodiation, and limited synthetic methods arising from the low ignition and sublimation temperatures. To address the above problems, we herein successfully develop an industrially adaptable process for scalable synthesis of affordable phosphorus/carbon (APC) anode materials with an excellent electrochemical performance at a significantly reduced cost. The key to our success is a delicately designed, self-organized, strongly interactive porous P/C structure filled with sodium alginate binder, which maintains the structural integrity of anode and enhances the electrical contact of red P upon its volume variation via a dual protection from porous structure and strong surface interactions. The APC anodes hence present ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (86.2%), excellent cycling stability, and superior rate capability. The industrially adaptable process and excellent electrochemical performance endow the novel APC nano/microspheres with promising applications in high-performance Na-ion batteries.
Epidemic Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Rural Indonesia (1979)

Virological studies were carried out during an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Central Java, Indonesia in 1976. Dengue virus was isolated from the acute sera of 45 of 69 patients (65%). The isolation rate was higher in primary than secondary cases. Dengue 3 was the predominant serotype being transmitted (27 isolates), but both dengue 1 (8 isolates) and dengue 4 (10 isolates) were also being transmitted. A composite picture of magnitude and duration of viremia showed that many patients were circulating over 10(8) MID50 per milliliter dengue 3 virus for the first 3 days of illness and that viremia persisted for 5-6 days in some persons. If all shock cases were considered, there was no relationship between dengue serotype and severity of disease. All three confirmed fatal cases, however, were associated with dengue type 3 infections.
Deep auto-encoder neural networks in reinforcement learning (2010)

This paper discusses the effectiveness of deep auto-encoder neural networks in visual reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. We propose a framework for combining the training of deep auto-encoders (for learning compact feature spaces) with recently-proposed batch-mode RL algorithms (for learning policies). An emphasis is put on the data-efficiency of this combination and on studying the properties of the feature spaces automatically constructed by the deep auto-encoders. These feature spaces are empirically shown to adequately resemble existing similarities and spatial relations between observations and allow to learn useful policies. We propose several methods for improving the topology of the feature spaces making use of task-dependent information. Finally, we present first results on successfully learning good control policies directly on synthesized and real images.
Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon Derived from ZIF-8 for Suppressing Sulfation in Lead Acid Battery and Dendritic Lithium Formation in Lithium Ion Battery (2018)

Electrode stability has been an important parameter in energy conversion and storage devices. However, many of these electrodes suffer from irreversible degradation, for example, irreversible sulfation in the negative electrode of lead acid battery (LAB) and lithium dendrite on the anode surface of lithium ion battery (LIB). We here report a facile synthesis approach of graphitized mesoporous carbons (GMCs), which derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) via controlling the annealing parameters, as porous media in the electrodes for suppressing the irreversible sulfation and the dendritic lithium formation. GMC additive in the negative electrode of LAB effectively retards the irreversible sulfation by controlling the growing size of PbSO4 crystal particles. The cycle life of LAB extends 8.5 times after being added GMC additive. Dendrite growth in LIBs is suppressed obviously because GMCs control the lithium growth along the mesoporous structure and the particle voids of GMCs, resulting in the significant extension of operation time of the LIB without a short circuit. The capacity retention of Li and Li/GMC anodes are 42.3% and 90.1%, respectively, at 0.5 C after 200 cycles. The work reveals a facile but efficient synthesis approach of additive to extend the cycle life of LABs and LIBs.
Caught between sympathy and suspicion: journalistic perceptions and practices of telling asylum seekers’ personal stories (2018)

Personal stories in news reports serve multiple purposes, but at their core lie efforts at illustrating and authenticating a social or political issue through human experience, an illustration that is compelling in its affective appeal. Telling the personal stories of people belonging to minority groups may work as a potent journalistic vehicle in countering negative stereotypes and prejudices against them. This article examines how Finnish journalists incorporate the personal stories of asylum seekers into their coverage of the so-called ‘European refugee crisis’ of 2015–2016. Drawing on qualitative interviews, we inquire into how journalists understand the meaning and purpose of asylum seekers’ personal stories in their news reporting and reflect on the professional values and ethical dilemmas when telling them. Our findings reveal that while journalists tend to sympathise with the vulnerable and see it as important to combat xenophobia and racism, their relationship with asylum seekers becomes increasingly informed and constrained by socio-political and discursive structures that foster a culture of suspicion towards asylum seekers.
Analysis of Pupil Plane Target Characterization Experiments. (1998)

Abstract : We investigated approaches for gathering information about a missile at long ranges employing flood-illumination by a laser and pupil-plane arrays of detectors. We catalogued target parameters that could be characterized with these measurements. We showed the ability to estimate the length, width, and orientation of the missile from pupil-plane speckle patterns. We demonstrated shape reconstruction from the autocorrelation function and improvements in those results by using a sidelobe-reduction algorithm. We demonstrated the ability of both a sidelobe-reduction algorithm and a superresolution algorithm to improve the imagery from a coherent sensor, such as a heterodyne array sensor. We analyzed the trade-off between sparsity of array elements and number of speckle realizations. We designed some experiments for determining missile size and dynamics parameters at the Innovative Science and Technology Experimental facility (ISTEF). We developed an approach for preconditioning the autocorrelation estimates in imaging correlography to obtain improved image reconstruction, and demonstrated it on laboratory data.
Properties Required to Determine Moisture Transport by Capillarity, Gravity, and Diffusion in Potash Beds (2004)

In this paper, the important properties required to model moisture transfer in granular porous potash fertilizer by capillarity, gravity, and diffusion within a particle bed (i.e., porosity, permeability, specific surface area, and irreducible saturation) are investigated experimentally and theoretically for narrow ranges of particle size. Special attention is directed toward minimizing the uncertainty of each measurement and calculation. The irreducible saturation level (or moisture content) was deduced by using experimental data and theoretical/numerical simulations of moisture movement by capillarity, gravity, and diffusion within a granular potash bed. It is shown that, for a mixture with a wide range of particle sizes, the potash bed properties can be predicted from the properties for each narrow range of particle size in the mixture.
Widely Tunable Optical and Thermal Properties of Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2 (2020)

Abstract In this paper, a detailed analysis of the temperature‐dependent optical properties of epitaxially grown cadmium arsenide (Cd 3 As 2 ), a newly discovered 3D Dirac semimetal is reported. Fermi level tuning—instigated from Pauli‐blocking in the linear Dirac cone—and varying Drude response, generate large variations in the mid‐ and far‐infrared optical properties. Thermo‐optic shifts larger than those of traditional III–V semiconductors are demonstrated. Electron scattering rate, plasma frequency edge, Fermi level shift, optical conductivity, and electron effective mass analysis of Cd 3 As 2 thin‐films are quantified and discussed in detail. The ab initio density functional study and experimental analysis of epitaxially grown Cd 3 As 2 promise applications for nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices, such as reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces, nanoscale thermal emitters, and on‐chip directional antennas.
Health effects of low frequency noise and infrasound from wind farms: results from an independent collective expertise in France (2017)

12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, ZURICH, SUISSE, 18-/06/2017 - 22/06/2017
Estimation of Nitrogenase Using a Colorimetric Determination for Ethylene (1973)

Ethylene is measured by oxidizing it to formaldehyde and determining the formaldehyde colorimetrically. The assay is applied to estimation of nitrogenase in nodulated legume roots by measuring the ethylene produced from acetylene.
Femoral Nerve Palsy After Pelvic Fracture Treated With INFIX (2014)

Therapeutic level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Co‐expression of the protease furin in Nicotiana benthamiana leads to efficient processing of latent transforming growth factor‐β1 into a biologically active protein (2016)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a signalling molecule that plays a key role in developmental and immunological processes in mammals. Three TGF-β isoforms exist in humans, and each isoform has unique therapeutic potential. Plants offer a platform for the production of recombinant proteins, which is cheap and easy to scale up and has a low risk of contamination with human pathogens. TGF-β3 has been produced in plants before using a chloroplast expression system. However, this strategy requires chemical refolding to obtain a biologically active protein. In this study, we investigated the possibility to transiently express active human TGF-β1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We successfully expressed mature TGF-β1 in the absence of the latency-associated peptide (LAP) using different strategies, but the obtained proteins were inactive. Upon expression of LAP-TGF-β1, we were able to show that processing of the latent complex by a furin-like protease does not occur in planta. The use of a chitinase signal peptide enhanced the expression and secretion of LAP-TGF-β1, and co-expression of human furin enabled the proteolytic processing of latent TGF-β1. Engineering the plant post-translational machinery by co-expressing human furin also enhanced the accumulation of biologically active TGF-β1. This engineering step is quite remarkable, as furin requires multiple processing steps and correct localization within the secretory pathway to become active. Our data demonstrate that plants can be a suitable platform for the production of complex proteins that rely on specific proteolytic processing.
Antihypertensive Drug Class and Adherence: An Electronic Monitoring Study (2014)

Antihypertensive drug class was not associated with electronically measured adherence after accounting for dosing frequency amongst patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Low adherence to beta-blockers may have been due to the common practice of prescribing multiple daily dosing. Providers may consider using once daily formulations to optimize adherence and should assess adherence among all treated patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
N-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide, but not the new putative cardiac hormone relaxin, predicts prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (2003)

NT pro BNP is a powerful and independent predictor of outcome in CHF, whereas relaxin, also secreted by the heart in increased amounts in CHF, is not.
Void Swelling Behavior of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steel Irradiated with 4-MeV Ni+ Ions (1973)

A detailed study has been made of the void and dislocation microstructure of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel irradiated with 4-MeV 58N+ at a displacement rate of 5 × 10-3 dpa/s-1. The range of dosages investigated were 20 to 350 dpa at 525 C (977 F) and 20 to 250 dpa at 600 C (1112 F) for Type 304 stainless steel and 20 to 250 dpa at 525 C for Type 316. The maximum swelling data for Type 304 stainless steel may be represented by a power-law dependence on-dosage with exponents of 1.4 and 1.8 at 525 and 600 C, respectively. The swelling at 600 C, which is much greater than that at 525 C, is due to the more rapid growth of voids at the higher temperature. No evidence of a reduction in swelling rate at high dosages was found at either temperature. The swelling of Type 316 stainless steel shows a tendency to be lower than that of Type 304 and, at higher dosages, is a factor of two less. In 20 percent cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel, swelling was suppressed until the dislocation structure was recovered.
Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis (1988)

These results and other corroborative cross-sectional data show that obesity or as yet unknown factors associated with obesity cause knee osteoarthritis.
Polyimide-free homogeneous photoalignment induced by polymerisable liquid crystal containing cinnamate moiety (2018)

We designed and synthesised a reactive mesogen (CRM) containing cinnamate moiety in the core and two acrylate groups at both ends. The structure was characterised by 1H NMR and FT-IR, and its liquid crystalline property was investigated by DSC and POM. The compound showed a nematic phase between 175.2 – 97.5 oC, followed by a smectic C phase between 97.5 and 57.9 oC during the cooling cycle. We proposed a fabrication method to achieve uniaxial homogeneous alignment of liquid crystals by irradiating the CRM-doped LC mixture in a sandwich cell of in-plane switching mode (CRM-IPS) with linearly polarised ultraviolet light. The results indicated that the CRM-IPS cell showed excellent initial dark state with a good alignment state, electro-optical performance and durability. This confirmed that the photo-induced alignment of LCs by CRM possesses outstanding alignment capability compared to the conventional rubbed polyimide alignment layer. We expect that this fabrication method is a promising candidate for cost-effective, green-manufacturing, and high-quality alignment method for the manufacturing of high-resolution liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
Laboratory and Field Testing of a Salt-Supplemented Clay Cap as an Impermeable Seal Over Pyritic Slates (1988)

During construction of a taxiway at Halifax International Airport in Nova Scotia in 1982, about 225,000 cubic metres of fractured waste pyritic slate material was disposed in a pile covering about 7 hectares on the airport property.
Research on the synthesis of 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2 (2-Methylpropanoyl)-4-Oxo-N,β-Diphenylbutanamide (2010)

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-N,β-diphenylbutanamide is a key intermediate of atorvastatin.Methyl isobutyryl acetate was transformed into 4-methyl-3-oxo-N-pentanamide by reaction with aniline;the resulting product could undergo Knoevenagel condensation with benzaldehyde giving 4-mehtyl-3-oxo-N-Phenyl-2-(Phenylmethylene)Pentanamide,which could further undergo Stetter reation with p-fluorobenzaldehyde thus giving aceess to the final molecule 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2(2-methylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-N,β-diphenylbutanamide.The synthetic route were easily available and the yield was reasonable.The structures of the main intermediates were identified by 1H NMR.
Assessment of the accuracy of infrared and electromagnetic navigation using an industrial robot: Which factors are influencing the accuracy of navigation? (2011)

Our objectives were to detect factors that influence the accuracy of surgical navigation (magnitude of deformity, plane of deformity, position of the navigation bases) and compare the accuracy of infrared with electromagnetic navigation. Human cadaveric femora were used. A robot connected with a computer moved one of the bony fragments in a desired direction. The bases of the infrared navigation (BrainLab) and the receivers of the electromagnetic device (Fastrak-Pohlemus) were attached to the proximal and distal parts of the bone. For the first part of the study, deformities were classified in eight groups (e.g., 0 to 5(°)). For the second part, the bases were initially placed near the osteotomy and then far away. The mean absolute differences between both navigation system measurements and the robotic angles were significantly affected by the magnitude of angulation with better accuracy for smaller angulations (p < 0.001). The accuracy of infrared navigation was significantly better in the frontal and sagittal plane. Changing the position of the navigation bases near and far away from the deformity apex had no significant effect on the accuracy of infrared navigation; however, it influenced the accuracy of electromagnetic navigation in the frontal plane (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the use of infrared navigation systems for corrections of small angulation-deformities in the frontal or sagittal plane provides the most accurate results, irrespectively from the positioning of the navigation bases.