gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticholinergic Agents. Esters of 4-Dialkyl- (or 4-Polymethylene-) amino-2-butynols (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnticholinergic Agents. Esters of 4-Dialkyl- (or 4-Polymethylene-) amino-2-butynolsRobert F. Majewski, Kenneth N. Campbell, Stanley Dykstra, Robert Covington, and Jack C. SimmsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 719–720Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00329a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temporal Understanding of Cybersecurity Threats (2020)

As cybersecurity-related threats continue to increase, understanding how the field is changing over time can give insight into combating new threats and understanding historical events. We show how to apply dynamic topic models to a set of cybersecurity documents to understand how the concepts found in them are changing over time. We correlate two different data sets, the first relates to specific exploits and the second relates to cybersecurity research. We use Wikipedia concepts to provide a basis for performing concept phrase extraction and show how using concepts to provide context improves the quality of the topic model. We represent the results of the dynamic topic model as a knowledge graph that could be used for inference or information discovery.
From electron microscopy to molecular cell biology, molecular genetics and structural biology: intracellular transport and kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs: genes, structure, dynamics and functions (2011)

Cells transport and sort various proteins and lipids following synthesis as distinct types of membranous organelles and protein complexes to the correct destination at appropriate velocities. This intracellular transport is fundamental for cell morphogenesis, survival and functioning not only in highly polarized neurons but also in all types of cells in general. By developing quick-freeze electron microscopy (EM), new filamentous structures associated with cytoskeletons are uncovered. The characterization of chemical structures and functions of these new filamentous structures led us to discover kinesin superfamily molecular motors, KIFs. In this review, I discuss the identification of these new structures and characterization of their functions using molecular cell biology and molecular genetics. KIFs not only play significant roles by transporting various cargoes along microtubule rails, but also play unexpected fundamental roles on various important physiological processes such as learning and memory, brain wiring, development of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, activity-dependent neuronal survival, development of early embryo, left-right determination of our body and tumourigenesis. Furthermore, by combining single-molecule biophysics with structural biology such as cryo-electrom microscopy and X-ray crystallography, atomic structures of KIF1A motor protein of almost all states during ATP hydrolysis have been determined and a common mechanism of motility has been proposed. Thus, this type of studies could be a good example of really integrative multidisciplinary life science in the twenty-first century.
Factors That Affect Final Height and Change in Height Standard Deviation Scores in Survivors of Childhood Cancer Treated with Growth Hormone: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2004)

GH deficiency is a common late complication in survivors of pediatric malignancies, particularly those who are treated with radiation (RT) to the hypothalamic-pituitary region. Nonetheless, few reports have assessed final height outcomes in survivors treated with GH. In the present study, we investigated which patient and treatment variables correlate with final height and change in height sd score (SDS) in a large cohort of cancer survivors treated with GH. We previously identified 361 participants in the multicenter Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who were treated with GH. Final height data were available in 183 survivors (120 males). Diagnoses included: central nervous system tumors (n = 90), acute leukemia (n = 64), soft tissue sarcomas (n = 23), and miscellaneous (n = 6). The median age at diagnosis of the primary cancer was 4.6 yr, and the median age at start of GH treatment was 11.3 yr. Mean height SDS at start of GH therapy was -2.03 +/- 0.8, and the mean final height SDS was -1.48 +/- 0.10 (P < 0.001). Final height SDS was positively associated with target height and dose of GH but negatively associated with the presence of concomitant endocrinopathies and dose of spinal RT. Change in height SDS (start of GH-final height) was positively associated with male gender, younger bone age at start of GH, and dose of GH; presence of concomitant endocrinopathies and dose of spinal RT were negatively associated with change in height SDS. Risk factors associated with a final height of -2.0 sd or less included lower doses of GH and exposure to higher doses of spinal RT. Thus, to maximize final height, our findings emphasize the importance of beginning GH therapy at the earliest bone age that is clinically feasible; treating with conventional higher doses of GH; and, when possible, minimizing the dose of spinal RT.
Frontoethmoidal Mucocele Following Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery (2014)

Mucoceles are a rare complication of craniofacial surgery, and literature review confirms a paucity of reports. Only 1 case has previously been alluded to of mucocele complicating box osteotomy for orbital dystopia. Our 2 cases illustrate and highlight a successful management approach in a multidisciplinary craniofacial unit.
Review of successful pathways for regulatory approvals in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery (2021)

Key decisions made by developers to advance specific device clearances and NDAs have been based upon existing optical fluorescent agents. The historical lessons and regulatory trends in newer indications and contrast agents can help the field evolve via successful investment in new systems and applications.
Threshold of the precedence effect in noise (2014)

Three effects that show a temporal asymmetry in the influence of interaural cues were studied through the addition of masking noise: (1) The transient precedence effect-the perceptual dominance of a leading transient over a similar lagging transient; (2) the ongoing precedence effect-lead dominance with lead and lag components that extend in time; and (3) the onset capture effect-determination by an onset transient of the lateral position of an otherwise ambiguous extended trailing sound. These three effects were evoked with noise-burst stimuli and were compared in the presence of masking noise. Using a diotic noise masker, detection thresholds for stimuli with lead/lag interaural delays of 0/500 μs were compared to those with 500/0 μs delays. None of the three effects showed a masking difference between those conditions, suggesting that none of the effects is operative at masked threshold. A task requiring the discrimination between stimuli with 500/0 and 0/500 μs interaural delays was used to determine the threshold for each effect in noise. The results showed similar thresholds in noise (10-13 dB SL) for the transient and ongoing precedence effects, but a much higher threshold (33 dB SL) for onset capture of an ambiguous trailing sound.
Pro-myogenic small molecules revealed by a chemical screen on primary muscle stem cells (2020)

Satellite cells are the canonical muscle stem cells that regenerate damaged skeletal muscle. Loss of function of these cells has been linked to reduced muscle repair capacity and compromised muscle health in acute muscle injury and congenital neuromuscular diseases. To identify new pathways that can prevent loss of skeletal muscle function or enhance regenerative potential, we established an imaging-based screen capable of identifying small molecules that promote the expansion of freshly isolated satellite cells. We found several classes of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors that increased freshly isolated satellite cell numbers in vitro. Further exploration of one of these compounds, the RTK inhibitor CEP-701 (also known as lestaurtinib), revealed potent activity on mouse satellite cells both in vitro and in vivo. This expansion potential was not seen upon exposure of proliferating committed myoblasts or non-myogenic fibroblasts to CEP-701. When delivered subcutaneously to acutely injured animals, CEP-701 increased both the total number of satellite cells and the rate of muscle repair, as revealed by an increased cross-sectional area of regenerating fibers. Moreover, freshly isolated satellite cells expanded ex vivo in the presence of CEP-701 displayed enhanced muscle engraftment potential upon in vivo transplantation. We provide compelling evidence that certain RTKs, and in particular RET, regulate satellite cell expansion during muscle regeneration. This study demonstrates the power of small molecule screens of even rare adult stem cell populations for identifying stem cell-targeting compounds with therapeutic potential.
Performance Evaluation of the Field-Oriented Control of Star-Connected 3-Phase Induction Motor Drives under Stator Winding Open-Circuit Faults (2016)

A method for the fault-tolerant vector control of star-connected 3-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive systems based on Field-Oriented Control (FOC) is proposed in this paper. This method enables the control of a 3-phase IM in the presence of an open-phase failure in one of its phases without the need for control structure changes to the conventional FOC algorithm. The proposed drive system significantly reduces the speed and torque pulsations caused by an open-phase fault in the stator windings. The performance of the proposed method was verified using MATLAB (M-File) simulation as well experimental tests on a 1.5kW 3-phase IM drive system. This paper experimentally compares the operation of the proposed fault-tolerant vector controller and a conventional vector controller during open-phase fault.
Abnormalities in the Regulation of Vasopressin and Corticotropin Releasing Factor Secretion in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1992)

In light of prior data that the central administration of vasopressin in animals is associated with abnormal persistence of behaviors acquired under aversive conditioning, we studied the secretion of arginine vasopressin into the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and controls. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had significantly elevated basal levels of arginine vasopressin in the cerebrospinal fluid and significantly increased secretion of arginine vasopressin into the plasma in response to hypertonic saline administration. Moreover, seven of 12 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed a loss of the normal linear relationship between plasma arginine vasopressin level and osmolality. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin releasing hormone, which has synergistic effects with arginine vasopressin centrally and at the pituitary gland, was also significantly elevated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder compared with controls.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Synthesis and Deprotection of Methylphosphonate Oligonucleotides (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semi-automated extraction of ontological knowledge from XML datasources (2002)

In the paper we present a methodology for the semiautomated extraction of ontological knowledge from XML data sources in a given domain. We consider an interconnection scenario over the Web, where various independent organizations use XML as a data interchange language for conducting business activities. The resulting ontology is organized into concepts and concept relationships at different levels of detail. Semantic links within and between the different levels are studied in order to capture and formalize semantic relationships between concepts to support multiple views on the ontological knowledge.
Beamforming using spatio-temporal filtering (2006)

Wiener spatial filtering of unfocused echo signals in the near field of low f-number apertures is a promising beamforming strategy for detecting low-contrast lesions. The advantages of the spatial filter over dynamic receive focusing (DRF) include greater echo signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR) and im- proved lateral resolution. Disadvantages include sidelobe growth and a loss of eSNR gain in the far field. Temporally coded pulses enhance eSNR at all depths, but generate the lowest range sidelobes in the far field. Temporal codes are distorted in the near field of low f-number apertures, unless filtering is applied to individual receive channels. In this paper we combine the best of both techniques with the goal of enhancing low contrast breast lesion visibility. Experiments and simulations illustrate the advantages and limitations of the spatio-temporal filtering method. I. INTRODUCTION
Prenatal MR Imaging of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (2000)

Prenatal MR Imaging of Congenital Diaphragmatic HerniaJessica W. T. Leung1 2, Fergus V. Coakley1, Hedvig Hricak1, Michael R. Harrison3, Diana L. Farmer3, Craig T. Albanese3 and Roy A. Filly1Audio Available | Share
Lysosomal cathepsin D is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease neocortex and may be a marker for neurofibrillary degeneration (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of β-amyloid plaques (AP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the cortex, together with synaptic loss and amyloid angiopathy. Perturbations in the brain lysosomal system, including the cathepsin family of proteases, have been implicated in AD where they may be involved in proteolytic clearance of misfolded and abnormally aggregated peptides. However, the status of cathepsin D (catD) is unclear in Lewy body dementia, the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia after AD, and characterized by Lewy bodies (LB) containing aggregated α-synuclein. Furthermore, earlier reports of catD changes in AD have not been entirely consistent. We measured CatD immunoreactivities in the temporal (Brodmann area BA21) and parietal (BA40) cortices of well characterized AD brains as well as two clinical subtypes of Lewy body dementia, namely Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), known to show varying degrees of concomitant AD pathology. Increased catD immunoreactivities in AD were found for both neocortical regions measured, where they also correlated with neuropathological NFT scores and phosphorylated pSer396 tau burden, and appeared to co-localize at least partly to NFT-containing neurons. In contrast, catD was increased only in BA40 in DLB and not at all in PDD, did not correlate with LB scores, and did not appreciably co-localize with α-synuclein inclusions. Our study suggests that catD upregulation may be an adaptive response to AD-related processes leading to neurofibrillary degeneration, but may not be directly associated with formation of α-synuclein inclusions in Lewy body dementia.
Tiefes Legieren von Aluminium mit Hilfe eines hochintensiven Laserstrahls (2008)

Kurzfassung Aluminium ist auf Grund seiner geringen Dichte, der hohen spezifischen Festigkeit und der vergleichsweise hohen Korrosionsbeständigkeit ein attraktiver Werkstoff für Leichtbauanwendungen. Jedoch ist seine Beständigkeit gegenüber abrasivem Verschleiß oftmals gering. Um die Vorteile des Aluminiums auch bei verschleißbeanspruchten Bauteilen nutzen zu können, werden häufig Beschichtungs- bzw. Legierverfahren eingesetzt, um die Randschicht zu modifizieren. Diese Verfahren sind in ihren Möglichkeiten oft stark eingeschränkt, z.B. hinsichtlich der Modifizierungstiefe, der Schichthomogenität sowie hinsichtlich ihres Wirkungsgrads. In dieser Studie wird aufgezeigt, wie die Möglichkeiten des Laserlegierens bzw. Laserdispergierens durch Nutzung des so genannten Tiefschweißeffekts erweitert werden können.
Use of arrangement of windows in bird's eye view images to detect windows (2012)

We have studied a method of detecting the windows on buildings from web bird's eye view images. Unlike conventional methods, our method does not depend on the edges of buildings, but utilizes regular textual patterns of windows to cope with the low resolution of images and window reflection. Experimental results show that our method can be used to precisely estimate window area ratio on the walls for 73% of all buildings.
A circular dichroic method for determining the linkage to symmetric hexocyclitols and hexocyclitolamines; structure of two antibiotics from Nocardia sp. (1981)

A highly sensitive c.d. method which appears to have general applicability has been developed to determine the point of attachment of substituents on symmetric hexocyclitolamine and hexocyclitol residues; it has been applied in the structure determination of two antibiotics LL-BM 123α and LL-BM 782α2.
Phosphorus Removal From EBPR Sludge Dewatering Liquors Using Lanthanum Chloride, Aluminum Sulfate and Ferric Chloride (2020)

In wastewater treatment, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to chemical precipitation (CP) because of its lower costs and reduced sludge production. However, downstream solids handling processes such as digestion, sludge storage and dewatering promote an undesirable release (i.e. secondary release) of polyphosphate that was stored within EBPR sludge. Released phosphate is recycled to the head of the plant with the liquors of sludge dewatering processes. The concentration of phosphate in recycle streams from EBPR systems can be one to two orders of magnitude higher than the influent phosphorus concentration entering the EBPR system. Plants using EBPR often have to resort to chemical phosphorus removal from the recycle streams to reduce the P loading returning to the EBPR process. The present study addresses the potential of lanthanum chloride as an alternative coagulant for phosphate removal in EBPR sludge dewatering liquors as the use of lanthanum-based coagulants has shown a strong potential for phosphorus precipitation in wastewater applications. The hypothesis is that lanthanum chloride is capable of achieving greater orthophosphate removals than ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate (alum) because lanthanum salts have shown to have a wider effective pH range and require lower doses than typical coagulants. Results indicate that on a molar basis, lanthanum is capable of removing >99% of orthophosphate from digested and non-digested EBPR sludge dewatering liquors at metal to phosphate ratios of 1:1 and 1.1:1, respectively. Similar removals using aluminum and ferric iron required molar ratios of 1.6:1 or greater. Additionally, in liquors with a high initial ortho-P concentration (>100 mg/L), lanthanum chloride achieved > 85% ortho-P removal at pHs as low as 2, whereas removal efficiency decreased with increasing ferric chloride dose due to pH depression. With alum, phosphate removal was essentially non-existent below pH 3. In liquors with low initial ortho-P concentrations (15 mg/L), ferric iron and lanthanum both achieved approximately 90% ortho-P removal at 2:1 molar doses. Thus, lanthanum chloride has shown to be an effective alternative coagulant in liquors with high initial ortho-P concentrations, but ferric chloride is more practical in liquors with low initial ortho-P concentrations because lanthanum and other rare earth salts are less commercially available and more costly than ferric chloride. However, for high phosphate concentrations, such as the ones present in return streams from EBPR systems, the use of lanthanum is promising. As more rare earth metal mines are open in the United States and abroad, fueled by the demand for these metals used in electronics (e.g. cell and smart phones), rare earth chlorides, which are a by-product of these mines, will become more commercially available at lower prices.
Species-level diversity of the filamentous Candidatus Microthrix in Danish full-scale WWTPs and their influence on sludge settling properties (2019)

Candidatus Microthrix is a widespread filamentous bacterium frequently causing activated sludge settling problems, making it an important member of microbial community in WWTPs. Recent developments of bioinformatic tools allow for the first time to use amplicon sequencing results to study members of activated sludge community with high phylogenetic resolution and to design species-specific FISH probes. Based on 12 years of data from 22 Danish WWTPs we demonstrate low species-level diversity of Candidatus Microthrix, widespread occurrence of the two major species in WWTPs and their unequal impact on sludge settling. We also visualize their morphology using novel FISH probes.
Single-Ion Block Copoly(ionic liquid)s as Electrolytes for All-Solid State Lithium Batteries (2016)

Polymer electrolytes have been proposed as replacement for conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their intrinsic enhanced safety. Nevertheless, the power delivery of these materials is limited by the concentration gradient of the lithium salt. Single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes represent the ideal solution since their nature prevents polarization phenomena. Herein, the preparation of a new family of single-ion conducting block copolymer polyelectrolytes via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique is reported. These copolymers comprise poly(lithium 1-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propylsulfonyl]-1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate blocks. The obtained polyelectrolytes show low Tg values in the range of -61 to 0.6 °C, comparatively high ionic conductivity (up to 2.3 × 10(-6) and 1.2 × 10(-5) S cm(-1) at 25 and 55 °C, respectively), wide electrochemical stability (up to 4.5 V versus Li(+)/Li), and a lithium-ion transference number close to unity (0.83). Owing to the combination of all mentioned properties, the prepared polymer materials were used as solid polyelectrolytes and as binders in the elaboration of lithium-metal battery prototypes with high charge/discharge efficiency and excellent specific capacity (up to 130 mAh g(-1)) at C/15 rate.
TofuDraw (2011)

TofuDraw combines an expressive semi-autonomous robot character (called Tofu) with a new mixed reality DigitalPaint interface whereby children can draw a "program" on the floor that governs the robot character's behavior. Initial evaluations of the TofuDraw system with children ages 3--8 suggest that children can successfully use this interface to choreograph the expressive robot's behavior. Our ultimate goal for this tool is to enable young children to engage in STEM learning experiences in new contexts such as creating interactive robot theatre performances.