gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for p50RhoGAP BCH domain–mediated regulation of Rho inactivation (2021)

Spatiotemporal regulation of signaling cascades is crucial for various biological pathways, under the control of a range of scaffolding proteins. The BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP Homology (BCH) domain is a highly conserved module that targets small GTPases and their regulators. Proteins bearing BCH domains are key for driving cell elongation, retraction, membrane protrusion, and other aspects of active morphogenesis during cell migration, myoblast differentiation, and neuritogenesis. We previously showed that the BCH domain of p50RhoGAP (ARHGAP1) sequesters RhoA from inactivation by its adjacent GAP domain; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for RhoA inactivation by p50RhoGAP remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the BCH domain of p50RhoGAP <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> and model the human p50RhoGAP BCH domain to understand its regulatory function using in vitro and cell line studies. We show that the BCH domain adopts an intertwined dimeric structure with asymmetric monomers and harbors a unique RhoA-binding loop and a lipid-binding pocket that anchors prenylated RhoA. Interestingly, the β5-strand of the BCH domain is involved in an intermolecular β-sheet, which is crucial for inhibition of the adjacent GAP domain. A destabilizing mutation in the β5-strand triggers the release of the GAP domain from autoinhibition. This renders p50RhoGAP active, thereby leading to RhoA inactivation and increased self-association of p50RhoGAP molecules via their BCH domains. Our results offer key insight into the concerted spatiotemporal regulation of Rho activity by BCH domain-containing proteins.
Comparison of electrostatic and aerodynamic forces during parachute opening (1994)

The work reported here seeks to determine the conditions, if any, under which effects become comparable to aerodynamic forces during parachute opening. A simple Bernoulli model is used to estimate the principal aerodynamic forces during the early stages of inflation. The forces during this period are found by computing the Coulomb attraction between two folds of parachute cloth charged to opposite polarity. These attractive Coulomb forces produce an inward electrostatic that acts to oppose the outwardly directed tension caused by the Bernoulli pressure. The investigation involves theoretical analysis, small-scale wind tunnel tests, and extrapolations to full-size parachutes. Our present estimates suggest that aerodynamic forces are two to three orders of magnitude larger than forces for typical levels of air velocity and charge density. Typical levels of charge density are defined as those easily obtained in the laboratory via the process of triboelectrification (creation of static charge by friction).
Electrical characterization of a new enamel insulation (2014)

Investigations of dielectric properties of a newly developed enamel wire insulation created by adding chromium (III) oxide (Cr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) filler to polyamide-imide enamel base are presented. Results of measurements of electrical conductivity and complex permittivity at various temperatures as well as surface potential decay are discussed and compared with corresponding properties of standard enamel insulation. Contributions of different polarization relaxation processes in both enamels are examined based on the obtained master curves of dielectric response. In addition, the properties of chromium oxide filler are characterized separately and utilized further for analyzing its impact on the performance of enamel wire insulation by means of computer simulations. The experimental and simulated results demonstrate that the introduction of chromium oxide yields changes in the electrical properties that allow for mitigating the voltage stress in a wound insulation system. Furthermore, a correlation between the obtained results and the earlier described improved resistance to partial discharge activity of the chromium oxide filled enamel is discussed.
Command and Fula dum Pronominals (1991)

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on African Language Structures (1991), pp. 65-73
Size Effect of Biomass on Carbonization Rate Treated in Superheated Steam Combined with Far Infrared Heating (2008)

竹粉 (粒径0.2mm) および試料サイズを1mm, 2mm, 3mm角に揃えた木片を遠赤外線加熱 (FIH) を付加した過熱水蒸気 (SHS) 処理で炭化処理し, 試料サイズの違いが炭化速度に及ぼす影響について調べた.SHS温度180℃にFIH温度375, 400, 425, 450℃を付加して, 炭化温度を270, 280, 290, 300℃に調整した.また, SHS温度255, 265, 275, 285℃のSHS単独処理の場合とFIH付加に要する炭化エネルギを比較した.2つの炭化処理で過熱水蒸気生成速度は同じとした.炭化速度は, どの試料においても一次反応速度式に従った.活性化エネルギの平均値は, 遠赤外線加熱を付加した過熱水蒸気処理の場合は137kJ/mol, 過熱水蒸気単独処理の場合は149kJ/molであった.これらの値は, 窒素ガス中での澱粉やセルロースの熱分解反応の活性化エネルギの文献値とほぼ一致した.試料サイズと炭化速度定数の関係は, いずれの炭化温度でも両対数紙上で直線で表された.SHS処理にFIHを付加した場合には, SHS単独処理の場合と比較してわずかな熱量の付加で炭化装置を高温条件にすることが容易であり, 遠赤外線ヒータの温度を高温にするほど炭化時間の短縮効果によって炭化に要する熱量は減少した.
Influence of the GaN Seed Layer and Growth Parameters on Selective Epitaxy of GaN by HVPE (1999)

Selective epitaxy of gallium nitride on patterned substrates has been carried out by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE). The influence of growth parameters, in particular of the V/III in the gas ambient and the mask geometry is reported. Two types of GaN seed layers, epitaxial or amorphous, have been used. Epitaxial overgrowth was carried out on 〈1 — 100〉 and 〈11 — 20〉 oriented stripe patterned substrates and coalescence was achieved leading to uniform GaN films. Photoluminescence recorded at 10 K exhibits a FWHM of 9 meV for the excitonic peak. X-ray diffraction mapping was performed and the FWHM of the ω scan is in the range of 280 to 480 arcsec.
Effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration on the barrier function of cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers. (1987)

We describe a model to study the effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Human PMN were induced to transmigrate across high resistance monolayers of a cultured human intestinal epithelial cell line (T84 cells) by chemotactic gradients produced by formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP). With maximal transmigration monolayer resistance decreased by 48 +/- 12.6% in 15 min and by 83 +/- 1.6% in 60 min. This response was dependent on the size of the FMLP gradient and the density of PMN transmigration. The decrease in resistance correlated with number of PMN migrating across monolayers, and was accompanied by increases in flux of paracellular tracers. Macromolecular tracer studies localized the leak sites to foci at which PMN impaled the epithelium. Removal of the chemotactic gradient led to restoration of baseline resistance within 18 h. PMN transmigration across intestinal epithelial monolayers occurs via intercellular occluding junctions and may be associated with a reversible increase in epithelial permeability.
MP41-03 EXPRESSION OF SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTORS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED BLADDER CANCER IS AN INDICATOR FOR FAVORABLE OUTCOME (2018)

months, 343 (32.1%) recurrence was recorded. Of these, 213 (20.0%) recorded single site recurrence and 130 (12.2%) multiple site recurrence. Considering single site recurrence, 151 (14.2%), 18 (1.7%) and 44 (4.1%) were distant, urothelial or local recurrence, respectively. At univariable analyses, small cell variant was associated with an increased risk of overall recurrence when compared to urothelial recurrence (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.58 (1.52-3.47), p: 0.01). Similar results were found at multivariable analyses (HR: 3.47 (1.58-7.61), p<0.001). Multiple mixed variants were associated to local recurrence (HR: 3.60 (1.18-10.94), p:0.02). No predictors were found considering urothelial or distant recurrences.
A model for simulating Bundle Branch and Fascicular Block (2007)

The objective of this paper is to develop a model for simulation of bundle branch and fascicular block. The model accounts for the contribution of fiber orientation to the velocity of signal propagation through the myocardium as well as "reentry " of the signal into the subendocardial purkinje system. The Selvester/Soloman method for simulation of normal myocardial activation was adapted to the ECG-TECH Heart-to-loop-to leads software .The software connects the intercardiac activation to the body surface vector and ECG recordings and was modified for this study to simulate complete right and left bundle branch and left anterior and left posterior fascicular block. The process of developing models that simulated typical recorded QRS waveforms of these four conduction abnormalities involved iterative interaction among the investigators. Accurate simulations of each of these inter ventricular conduction abnormalities was accomplished by utilizing published data on the purkinje and myocardial conduction properties, especially at the purkinje myocardial junction. Agreement between the simulated and recorded waveforms was accomplished by varying 1) the locations of the initial purkinje-myocardial activation sites and 2) the relative contributions of intra-myocardial conduction and reentry to the subendocardial purkinje system to activation of myocardium past the point of conduction block. Conclusions: Accurate simulation of intraventricular conduction abnormalities caused by bundle branch and fascicular block abnormalities was accomplished. These results were then used to add conduction defects to the 3D heart training program used to train medical students to better diagnose heart disease.
GPS Remote Sensing Measurements Using Aerosonde UAV (2005)

In February 2004, a NASA-Langley GPS Remote Sensor (GPSRS) unit was flown on an Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from the Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) in Virginia. Using direct and surface-reflected 1.575 GHz coarse acquisition (C/A) coded GPS signals, remote sensing measurements were obtained over land and portions of open water. The strength of the surface-reflected GPS signal is proportional to the amount of moisture in the surface, and is also influenced by surface roughness. Amplitude and other characteristics of the reflected signal allow an estimate of wind speed over open water. In this paper we provide a synopsis of the instrument accommodation requirements, installation procedures, and preliminary results from what is likely the first-ever flight of a GPS remote sensing instrument on a UAV. The correct operation of the GPSRS unit on this flight indicates that Aerosonde-like UAV's can serve as platforms for future GPS remote sensing science missions.
Routing networks for distributed hash tables (2003)

Routing topologies for distributed hashing in peer-to-peer networks are classified into two categories: deterministic and randomized. A general technique for constructing deterministic routing topologies is presented. Using this technique, classical parallel interconnection networks can be adapted to handle the dynamic nature of participants in peer-to-peer networks. A unified picture of randomized routing topologies is also presented. Two new protocols are described which improve average latency as a function of out-degree. One of the protocols can be shown to be optimal with high probability. Finally, routing networks for distributed hashing are revisited from a systems perspective and several open design problems are listed.
Computer-aided diagnosis: analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns and classification of masses on digitized mammograms (2002)

Identification and enhanced surveillance of women at high risk may lead to earlier detection of breast cancer. A computerized method was developed to identify mammographic parenchymal patterns that are associated with breast cancer risk. In this method, various features were first extracted to characterize mammographic parenchymal patterns. These features were then related to breast cancer risk using two different approaches, one based on BRCAI/BRCA2-mutation carriers and one based on clinical risk assessment models. Useful features were identified using stepwise linear discriminant analysis or stepwise linear regression analysis. Results show that increased mammographic density and coarse mammographic patterns correlate with increased breast cancer risk. To potentially help radiologists improve their diagnostic accuracy in classifying benign and malignant breast masses on mammograms, thus reducing the number of biopsies of benign lesions, a computerized classification scheme was developed. The scheme includes three components: (1) automated segmentation of a mass from its parenchymal background, (2) automated feature extraction, and (3) automated classification yielding an estimated likelihood of malignancy. Results show that the scheme can perform similarly to an expert radiologist and significantly better than average general radiologists in distinguishing between benign and malignant masses.
An algorithm to generate low-resolution protein tertiary structures from knowledge of secondary structure. (1994)

An algorithm is described to assemble the three-dimensional fold of a protein starting from its secondary structure. A reduced representation of the polypeptide chain is used together with a crude potential based on pair hydrophobicities. The method is shown to be successful in locating the native topology for two 4-alpha-helix bundles, myohemerythrin and cytochrome b-562.
Targeted chemotherapeutic delivery to disseminated lymphoma tumors via adoptive transfer of drug nanoparticle-carrying T cells (53.25) (2012)

Abstract Despite being sensitive to a wide variety of cytotoxic drugs, lymphomas often require high doses of systemically administered chemotherapy to eliminate disseminated tumors, causing toxicity. We hypothesized that the efficacy of chemotherapy could be enhanced while greatly reducing off-target toxicity if autologous lymphocytes were used as carriers to target drugs to the lymphoid tissue sites where lymphomas home. To test this concept, we prepared controlled release lipid nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the potent topoisomerase I poison SN-38. These NPs were covalently conjugated to the plasma membrane of in vitro-activated primary T-cells that retained CD62L expression for lymph node homing. In vitro co-culture of T-cells and murine Eu-myc lymphoma cells with SN-38-releasing NPs showed that lymphoma cells were much more sensitive to SN-38 than T-cells. T-cells with plasma membrane-conjugated SN-38-releasing NPs were then used as live vectors to transport NPs systemically into lymphoid organs where lymphoma cells are enriched. NP-decorated T-cells retained and delivered NPs to Eu-myc lymphoma tumors in vivo as early as one day post-adoptive transfer. Therapy studies in a transplanted Eu-myc lymphoma model indicated that high numbers of SN-38 NP-functionalized T cells can rapidly reduce tumor burden in multiple anatomical sites. These results suggest that autologous lymphocytes may be useful as chaperones for targeted delivery of chemotherapy-loaded NPs to lymphoid tumors.
Correlation Between Residual β-Cell Function and Islet Cell Antibodies in Newly Diagnosed Type I Diabetes: Follow-Up Study (1989)

To establish whether there is a correlation between the autoimmune response to the islets and beta-cell function during the initial stages of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, and islet cell antibody (ICA) titer and C-peptide levels (fasting and glucagon stimulated) were determined in 39 newly diagnosed patients at onset of diabetes and every 3-6 mo for 2 yr. ICAs were detected in 74% of the patients, and beta-cell function was detected in 84% of the patients at onset. The ICA+ and ICA- groups had similar C-peptide values at diagnosis and at 3 mo, but from 6 mo on, the ICA+ group consistently showed a tendency to lose C-peptide secretory capacity more quickly when assessed by fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels (ICA+ vs. ICA- fasting C-peptide levels at 18 and 24 mo, P = .013 and .017, respectively; ICA+ vs. ICA- glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels at 6, 18, and 24 mo, P = .023, .007, and .028, respectively). The initial ICA titer had the highest predictive value on the outcome of beta-cell function (P = .04), and patients with complement-fixing ICAs did not behave differently from the general ICA+ group. This correlation between beta-cell function and ICA titer supports the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes and has important implications for the design of immunotherapy trials.
A novel process for methanol synthesis (1992)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence for a two step reaction in series: the carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate taking place in a non-equilibrium region in the vicinity of the copper chromite surface, and the hydrogenolysis of methyl formate to methanol taking place on the surface of the copper chromite. The synergism between the two catalysts enhances the rate of methanol formation. In this quarter, we tested several copper chromites (with different surface areas and stabilizing agents) on the rate of methanol synthesis. It seems likely that pore diffusion limitations control the hydrogenolysis reaction since the rate of methanol formation is proportional to the square root of the copper chromite surface area. Elemental analyses using Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis and pore size distribution analysis of copper chromite were carried out.
Highly Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation of Terminal Olefins to Linear Amines Using Rh Complexes with a Tetrabi Phosphorus Ligand (2011)

A highly regioselective hydroaminomethylation of terminal olefins catalyzed by Rh complexes with 2, 2', 6, 6'-tetrakis ((diphenylphosphino)methyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl (Tetrabi) ligand has been developed. Up to 99 % amine selectivity, 168 linear/branched amine product ratio (n/i), and 97.4 % linear amine yield has been obtained at a substrate/rhodium precursor ratio (S/Rh) of 1000 with this methodology. The turnover number was achieved 6930 at 10,000 S/Rh ratio, and the n/i can reach up to >525. Several different olefins and secondary amines have been applied successfully with high chemoselectivity (99 %), yield (>98 %), and regioselectivity (>120).
Role of GSK‐3β activity in motor neuronal cell death induced by G93A or A4V mutant hSOD1 gene (2005)

Point mutations such as G93A and A4V in the human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (hSOD1) cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). In spite of several theories to explain the pathogenic mechanisms, the mechanism remains largely unclear. Increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has recently been emphasized as an important pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ALS. To investigate the effects of G93A or A4V mutations on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and GSK-3 pathway as well as the caspase-3 pathway, VSC4.1 motoneuron cells were transfected with G93A- or A4V-mutant types of hSOD1 (G93A and A4V cells, respectively) and, 24 h after neuronal differentiation, their viability and intracellular signals, including PI3-K/Akt, GSK-3, heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSTF-1), cytochrome c, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), were compared with those of wild type (wild cells). Furthermore, to elucidate the role of the GSK-3beta-mediated cell death mechanism, alterations of viability and intracellular signals in those mutant motoneurons were investigated after treating the cells with GSK-3beta inhibitor. Compared with wild cells, viability was greatly reduced in the G93A and A4V cells. However, the treatment of G93A and A4V cells with GSK-3beta inhibitor increased their viability by activating HSTF-1 and by reducing cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. However, the treatment did not affect the expression of PI3-K/Akt and GSK-3beta. These results suggest that the G93A or A4V mutations inhibit PI3-K/Akt and activate GSK-3beta and caspase-3, thus becoming vulnerable to oxidative stress, and that the GSK-3beta-mediated cell death mechanism is important in G93A and A4V cell death.
Development of a Food List to Assess the Diet of South Asians Living in the U.S.: Preliminary Results From a Formative Study (2023)

This pilot study describes the data collection to develop a food list for the South Asian Food Intake System, which can be utilized by educators, clinicians, and researchers to more accurately collect information about dietary intake among South Asian Americans.
Gastric acid inhibitory and gastric protective effects of Cannabis and cannabinoids (2016)

Cannabis sativa has long been known for its psychotropic effect. Only recently with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous legends and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation, the role of this 'endocannabinoid system' in different pathophysiologic processes is beginning to be delineated. There is evidence that CB1 receptor stimulation with synthetic cannabinoids or Cannabis sativa extracts rich in Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans and experimental animals. This is specially seen when gastric acid secretion is stimulated by pentagastrin, carbachol or 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Cannabis and/or cannabinoids protect the gastric mucosa against noxious challenge with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol as well as against stress-induced mucosal damage. Cannabis/cannabinoids might protect the gastric mucosa by virtue of its antisecretory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilator properties.
A simple procedure for obtaining high‐quality nmr spectra of semiquantitative value from small tissue specimens: cervical biopsies. (1992)

The handling of small tissue biopsy samples (< 100 microliters) for NMR investigations poses special problems. Optimal and stable positioning of the samples within the sensitive volume of the radiofrequency coil can be achieved by inserting the sample in a capillary. Methods for quantitation of the spectral information from samples requiring histological evaluation after the NMR experiment are discussed, in particular with respect to cervical biopsies.
Therapeutic Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide in Lung Disease (2012)

Heme oxygenase (HO), a catabolic enzyme, provides the rate-limiting step in the oxidative breakdown of heme, to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα. Induction of the inducible form, HO-1, in tissues is generally regarded as a protective mechanism. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in defining the therapeutic potential of HO-1 in a number of preclinical models of lung tissue injury and disease. Likewise, tissue-protective effects of CO, when applied at low concentration, have been observed in many of these models. Recent studies have expanded this concept to include chemical CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Collectively, salutary effects of the HO-1/CO system have been demonstrated in lung inflammation/acute lung injury, lung and vascular transplantation, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension models. The beneficial effects of HO-1/CO are conveyed in part through the inhibition or modulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative processes. Recent advances, however, suggest that the regulation of autophagy and the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis may serve as additional candidate mechanisms. Further preclinical and clinical trials are needed to ascertain the therapeutic potential of HO-1/CO in human clinical disease.