gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moraxella caprae sp. nov., a New Member of the Classical Moraxellae with Very Close Affinity to Moraxella bovis (1995)

Eight phenotypically homogeneous Moraxella-like strains were isolated from the nasal flora of healthy goats. Total genomic DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA base composition determination, and genetic transformation studies were performed to determine the relationships of these bacteria to the classical moraxellae. The eight new isolates exhibited very high levels of genetic affinity to Moraxella bovis, as shown by quantitative and qualitative genetic transformation data, and exhibited high DNA-DNA relative binding ratios to each other (63% or more) but lower levels of DNA homology with all of the other species investigated, including the closely related classical moraxellae. Our results, combined with the general morphologic and phenotypic profiles of these organisms, indicate that they should be classified with the classical moraxellae, and we propose the name Moraxella caprae for them. Strain 8897 (= CCUG 33296 [corrected] = NCTC 12877) is the type strain of M. caprae.
Ocular defense mechanisms with special reference to the demonstration and functional morphology of the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in Japanese monkeys (2006)

In order to define the histological components of ocular defense, the conjunctiva in Japanese monkeys was studied using a whole mount method, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. We investigated the distribution of the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) using stereoscopic observations of the conjunctiva immunostained with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antibody and /or stained with alcian-blue. The outer surface of the conjunctival fornix was lined by sheets of mucus secreting goblet cells, with small epithelial patches without goblet cells, scattered among them. The patches, termed CALT, consisted of flattened epithelial cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and lymphoid follicles with a germinal center. The CALT in Japanese monkeys was fundamentally similar in structure to those found in other animal species. CALT patches ranged in size ranging from 200 microm to 300 microm in diameter. The number of patches varied from 20 to 40 in the superior eyelid and 10 to 20 in the inferior eyelid. Latex microspheres administrated as eye drops were selectively taken up first by flattened associated epithelial cells covering the surfaces of CALT patches and then by intraepithelial dendritic cells of the CALT. These morphological findings show that CALT patches in the eyelids of primates are focal sites for particulate uptake and contact with lymphoid constituents, indicating that they are inductive sites for the common mucosal immune system as well as important components in ocular defense.
Sustainable Vacuum-Infused Thermoplastic Composites for MW-Size Wind Turbine Blades—Preliminary Design and Manufacturing Issues (2005)

This paper addresses the feasibility of using innovative vacuum infused anionic polyamide-6 (PA-6) thermoplastic composites for MW-size wind turbine blades structures. To compare the performance of this fully recyclable material against commonly used less sustainable thermoset blade materials in a baseline structural MW-size blade configuration (box-spar/skins), four different blade composite material options were investigated: Glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy, glass/PA-6, and carbon/PA-6. Blade characteristics such as weight, costs, and natural frequencies were compared for rotor blades ranging between 32.5 and 75m in length, designed according to both stress and tip deflection criteria. Results showed that the PA-6 blades have similar weights and natural frequencies when compared to their epoxy counterpart. For glass fiber blades, a 10% reduction in material cost can be expected when using PA-6 rather than epoxy while carbon fiber blades costs were found to be similar. Considering manufacturing, processing temperatures of PA-6 are significantly higher than for epoxy systems; however, the associated cost increase is expected to be compensated for by a reduction in infusion and curing time.
An Alternative Approach to Water Regulations for Public Health Protection at Bathing Beaches (2013)

New approaches should be considered as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) moves rapidly to develop new beach monitoring guidelines by the end of 2012, as these guidelines serve as the basis by which states and territories with coasts along the oceans and Great Lakes can then develop and implement monitoring programs for recreational waters. We describe and illustrate one possible approach to beach regulation termed as the "Comprehensive Toolbox within an Approval Process (CTBAP)." The CTBAP consists of three components. The first is a "toolbox" consisting of an inventory of guidelines on monitoring targets, a series of measurement techniques, and guidance to improve water quality through source identification and prevention methods. The second two components are principles of implementation. These include first, "flexibility" to encourage and develop an individualized beach management plan tailored to local conditions and second, "consistency" of this management plan to ensure a consistent national level of public health protection. The results of this approach are illustrated through a case study at a well-studied South Florida recreational marine beach. This case study explores different monitoring targets based on two different health endpoints (skin versus gastrointestinal illness) and recommends a beach regulation program for the study beach that focuses predominately on source prevention.
Effect of stress and food restriction on blood pressure and lifespan of Dahl salt-sensitive rats (1992)

Stress need not have long-term, deleterious health consequences in rats with genetically inherited hypertension, whereas caloric restriction is protective.
Studies of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (2010)

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a clinical marker of biliary disease, but is also of importance in anti-oxidant metabolic pathways and, consequently, is a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in COPD. Serum GGT is increased in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) but this could reflect a hepatic, systemic or pulmonary origin. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum GGT, lung disease, liver disease and mortality in subjects with AATD. Serum GGT was measured at the baseline assessment in 334 PiZ subjects from the UK AATD registry, and related to static lung function, chronic bronchitis, sputum purulence, history of acute exacerbations, smoking status, mortality, alcohol consumption, cirrhosis and serum markers of liver disease. GGT correlated with airflow obstruction and was associated with chronic bronchitis. GGT levels were higher in current smokers compared with ex-smokers and never smokers, and in non-survivors compared with survivors. Although GGT related to alcohol consumption and established liver disease, it was independently related to FEV(1), mortality, smoking history and male gender. In conclusion, although serum GGT reflects the presence of liver disease it is independently associated with airflow obstruction and mortality. Further studies are needed to establish the role of GGT in oxidative lung injury, and its use as a potential biomarker in chronic inflammatory lung disease.
Safety research of mildly flammable refrigerants and risk assessment in Japan. (2017)

In 2011, a new project sponsored by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization on the performance and safety of new refrigerants was started. The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association initiated a risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants at the same time. The Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers established a research committee comprising persons from industry, the government, and academia for the purpose of exchanging knowledge about safety issues and risk assessments among researchers and manufacturers. In order to reduce the legal regulations, a risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants was conducted, and reasonable guidelines for safe design and use of refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment with mildly flammable refrigerants were formulated.
Study on utilising waste toner in asphalt cement (2014)

AbstractEvery year, large quantities of waste toner come from either the manufacturing processes or from copying machines and laser printers. This material causes environmental pollution as well as costly disposal problems. In this research, an attempt to partially overcome these problems was made through using this waste in asphalt concrete mixtures in flexible pavement of road surfaces. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of waste toner on the properties of the asphalt cement. An asphalt cement of a 60/70 penetration grade was used in this study. The waste toner was added to the asphalt cement at five contents (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume of the asphalt cement). Tests including penetration, ductility, specific gravity, softening point, flash point, fire point and rotational viscosity were carried out on each of the prepared binders. The test results were analysed to determine the effect of the waste toner content on the measured properties of the asphalt cement. Tests results showed that with the increase in the waste toner content in the binder, penetration and ductility decreased while specific gravity, softening point, flash point, fire point and rotational viscosity increased.Keywords: asphalt cementwaste tonerasphalt mixtures
<title>Refractive-index-based calorimetric studies of RNAse T1 unfolding in small volumes using microinterferometric backscatter</title> (1997)

Micro-interferometry, a novel technique developed by the authors, employs a linearly polarized laser, a fused silica capillary tube housing for the sample and a charged coupled device as a detector. A back scattered interference pattern, observed as a high contrast fringes, is produced when the laser is directed onto the capillary containing the sample. The positional change of the fringe pattern is a function of the refractive index of the media in the capillary. In the present work, the RNA enzyme RNase T1 is heated in the sample cell over a temperature range of 30 degrees C to 60 degrees C. Over this temperature range the molecule unfolds form the quaternary to the tertiary structure. This structure change is manifested as a refractive index change and is observed by monitoring the fringe position while ramping the cell temperature in a controlled fashion. From the refractive index response over the temperature range, the Gibbs free energy associated with unfolding is calculated. The authors show milli-degree temperature stability with a 0.1 micro-liter probe volume, thus demonstrating the application of this device in micro- calorimetric investigations.
Study of gallium phosphate and langasite crystals and resonators by X-ray topography (2002)

The gallium phosphate (GaPO/sub 4/) is, as berlinite, a close crystallographic analogue of quartz with the advantage that it has no /spl alpha/-/spl beta/ phase transition. It was shown that this material has very attractive properties for the applications to piezoelectric devices, due to its large coupling coefficients and to the existence of compensated cuts. Furthermore, it can be used up to extremely high temperatures (900/spl deg/C). To obtain much larger crystals, epitaxial growth of GaPO/sub 4/ on berlinite plates with several orientations was performed. The langasite crystals (LGS: La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/) were obtained by the Czochralski method. This new material has probably one compensated cut with a large coupling coefficient and very reduced angular sensitivity. Using the synchrotron radiation delivered by the DCI storage ring at the LURE (Orsay, France), we have studied by the X-ray topography technique the crystalline perfection of new GaPO/sub 4/ samples and different langasite crystals of different sources. For this study we have used traverse and section topography.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Utilisation d’électrodes en palladium à diffusion d’hydrogène dans les piles à combustible fonctionnant à température ambiante (1963)

L’influence de traitements chimiques et thermiques de feuilles minces de palladium sur la diffusion de l’hydrogène à travers ces membranes a été étudiée à température ambiante, en vue de leur utilisation dans la réalisation d’électrodes à hydrogène pour piles à combustible. La méthode potentiosta- tique a été utilisée pour mesurer la quantité d’hydrogène diffusée qui était oxydée électrochimiquement dans un électrolyte alcalin. Si les premiers résultats de l’ordre de 0,1 mA/cm2 ont pu être améliorés jusqu’à 40 mA/cm2, ils ne permettent cependant pas d’envisager l’utilisation de ces électrodes de palladium dans la réalisation de piles à combustible à basse température.
Microtubules and signal transduction (1999)

Although molecular components of signal transduction pathways are rapidly being identified, how elements of these pathways are positioned spatially and how signals traverse the intracellular environment from the cell surface to the nucleus or to other cytoplasmic targets are not well understood. The discovery of signaling molecules that interact with microtubules (MTs), as well as the multiple effects on signaling pathways of drugs that destabilize or hyperstabilize MTs, indicate that MTs are likely to be critical to the spatial organization of signal transduction. MTs themselves are also affected by signaling pathways and this may contribute to the transmission of signals to downstream targets.
A haptic and auditory assistive user interface: Helping the blinds on their computer operations (2011)

In this paper, a study of assistive devices with multi-modal feedback is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of haptic and auditory information towards the users' mouse operations. Haptic feedback, generated by a combination of wheels driven by motors, is provided through the use of the haptic mouse. Meanwhile, audio feedback either in the form of synthesized directional speech or audio signal. Based on these interfaces, a set of experiments are conducted to compare their efficiencies. The measurement criteria used in this experiment are the distance regarding to the target circle in pixels, the operational time for the task in milliseconds, and opinion in term of understandability and comfortability towards each modal of the tested user interfaces in discrete indices. The experimental results show that with the proper modalities of feedback interfaces for the user, the efficiency can be improved by either the reduction in operational time or the increase of accuracy in pointing the target. Furthermore, the justification is also based on the user's satisfaction towards using the device to conduct the predefined cursor movement task, which occasionally is difficult to understand and interpret by the user. For example of the application adopting the proposed interface system, a web browser application is implemented and explained in this paper.
Injectable PolyHIPEs as High-Porosity Bone Grafts (2011)

Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a relatively new method for the production of high-porosity scaffolds. The tunable architecture of these polyHIPE foams makes them attractive candidates for tissue engineered bone grafts. Previously studied polyHIPE systems require either toxic diluents or high cure temperatures which prohibit their use as an injectable bone graft. In contrast, we have developed an injectable polyHIPE that cures at physiological temperatures to a rigid, high-porosity foam. First, a biodegradable macromer, propylene fumarate dimethacrylate (PFDMA), was synthesized that has appropriate viscosity and hydrophobicity for emulsification. The process of surfactant selection is detailed with particular focus on the key structural features of both polymer (logP values, hydrogen bond acceptor sites) and surfactant (HLB values, hydrogen bond donor sites) that enable stable HIPE formation. Incubation of HIPEs at 37 °C was used to initiate radical cross-linking of the unsaturated double bond of the methacrylate groups to polymerize the continuous phase and lock in the emulsion geometry. The resulting polyHIPEs exhibited ~75% porosity, pore sizes ranging from 4 to 29 μm, and an average compressive modulus and strength of 33 and 5 MPa, respectively. These findings highlight the great potential of these scaffolds as injectable, tissue engineered bone grafts.
Impaired Recognition ofMycobacterium tuberculosisby Alveolar Macrophages From Diabetic Mice (2016)

Reduced MARCO and CD14 expression contributes to defective sentinel function of alveolar macrophages, promoting tuberculosis susceptibility in diabetic hosts at a critical early step in the immune response to aerosol infection.
Bone marrow transplantation: Review articles must accurately reflect current practice (1995)

nappy was being changed; there was a "crack," and he was distressed.In our view it is unwise to label these fractures as spontaneous, although the force required may be less than that needed to fracture well mineralised bones.A difficulty arises if a non-accidental injury has occurred: if the fracture has been accepted as spontaneous the child is left unprotected.Children with disability are at greater risk of abuse than their peers, and some of these fractures will be the result of abuse.23 Have Lingam and Joester considered why the school attended by the subjects of their reports apparently has such a high incidence of fracture of the femur?
The Lower Thoracic Advancement Flap Technique in Delayed Breast Reconstruction (1990)

See also: Expert CommentarySemin Plast Surg 1990; 4(02): 160-163DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080463 See also: The Last WordSemin Plast Surg 1990; 4(02): 164-164DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080464 See also: Expert CommentarySemin Plast Surg 1990; 4(02): 155-159DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080462
Extremely Weakly Interacting ΔSz=0 and ΔSz=1 Excitations and Evidence for Fractional Quantization in a Magnetization Plateau: CeSb (2020)

The plateau at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization M_{s} in the metamagnet CeSb is accompanied by a state of ferromagnetic layers of spins in an up-up-down sequence. We measured M and the specific heat C in the plateau, spin wave analyses of which reveal two distinct branches of excitations. Those with ΔS_{z}=1 as measured by M, coexist with a much larger population of ΔS_{z}=0 excitations measured by C but invisible to M. The large density of ΔS_{z}=0 excitations, their energy gap, and their seeming lack of interaction with ΔS_{z}=1 excitations suggest an analogy with astrophysical dark matter. Additionally, in the middle of the plateau three sharp jumps in M(H) are seen, the size of which, 0.15%M_{s}, is consistent with fractional quantization of magnetization per site in the down-spin layers.
Region and contour based cell cluster segmentation algorithm for in-situ microscopy (2008)

In this contribution a new algorithm is proposed for segmenting the image regions of the cell clusters present in a static image captured by an in-situ microscope inside of a bioreactor. A cell cluster is a group of one or more cells that are very close to each other, almost overlapping. The new algorithm combines a contour based segmentation approach with a region based segmentation approach. First, seeds are selected only in the background. To this end, image contours and the first and second moments of the pixelspsila intensity values in the background and in the cell clusters are evaluated. The moments are estimated from the histogram of the pixelspsila intensity values by applying a Maximum-Likelihood estimator. Following, the background region is extracted by region growing from the selected seeds. Finally, the segmented regions of the cell clusters are those image regions which do not belong to the previously extracted background region. Experimental results show an improvement of 33.33% in the reliability and an improvement of 55.1% in the accuracy of the cell cluster segmentation results.
Acid- and Pd(0)-Catalyzed Ring Opening of 1-(1-Cycloalkenyl)cyclopropyl Sulfonates (2007)

We report herein facile acid-catalyzed isomerization of 1-(1'-cycloalkenyl)cyclopropyl sulfonates under mild conditions. The remarkable ease of ring opening is attributed to the presence of a 1'-alkyl substituent. Also included is a palladium-catalyzed ring opening reaction of 1-(1'-cycloalkenyl)cyclopropyl tosylates for convenient preparation of substituted 1,3-dienylamines, which complements previously reported nucleophilic substitution reactions of (1-vinyl)cyclopropyl tosylates.
Arbitrary primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA applied to mapping differentially expressed genes (1993)

Differential gene expression between various tissues and developmental stages or between cells in vitro under different growth conditions can be rapidly and efficiently compared using the RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP) fingerprinting method (Welsh et al., 1992b; Liang and Pardee, 1992). In RAP, a primer of arbitrary sequence primes both first and second strand cDNA synthesis. The mixture of products is then PCR amplified and resolved electrophoretically, yielding highly reproducible fingerprints that are tissue-specific or growth condition-specific. Differences between fingerprints arise from differentially expressed genes, as verified by Northern blot analysis. RAP can be performed on the RNA samples using various DNA primers. Each two day experiment yields a sample of approximately twenty cDNA products per lane making the identification of differentially or developmentally regulated genes no longer rate limiting. Those PCR products representing genes that are regulated can be cloned from the gel and sequenced. Sequences can be compared to the DNA and protein sequence databases to identify homologs, motifs and members of gene families. The clones can be placed on the genetic map as Expression Tagged Sites (ETS, Adams et al., 1991a).
Pharmacological characteristics of perospirone hydrochloride, a novel antipsychotic agent. (2000)

It is now known that the blockade of 5-HT2 receptors can ameliorate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) associated with antipsychotic treatments. Perospirone hydrochloride (perospirone), which was identified as a novel serotonin-dopamine antagonist (SDA)-type antipsychotic agent in 1987 by Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals, possesses high affinities both for dopamine 5-HT2 and D2 receptors. Perospirone, like conventional antipsychotics, significantly inhibited various behaviors induced by dopaminergic hyperactivation. Perospirone also produced a significant improvement in animal models of the negative symptoms and mood disorders, where the conventional antipsychotics were unaffected. In addition, perospirone was weaker than the conventional antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) in inducing EPS signs (e.g., catalepsy and bradykinesia), suggesting that the drug has an atypical antipsychotic property. A recent double-blind study with schizophrenia patients demonstrated that perospirone was comparative with haloperidol in improving the positive symptoms, but was significantly superior to haloperidol against the negative symptoms. Furthermore, the extrapyramidal score in patients with perospirone treatment was lower that those with haloperidol treatment. These findings suggested that perospirone acts as an antagonist both for 5-HT2 and D2 receptors and has broader clinical efficacy and lower EPS liability than haloperidol in schizophrenia treatment.