gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAGE: SLAM with Appearance and Geometry Prior for Endoscopy (2022)

In endoscopy, many applications (e.g., surgical navigation) would benefit from a real-time method that can simultaneously track the endoscope and reconstruct the dense 3D geometry of the observed anatomy from a monocular endoscopic video. To this end, we develop a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system by combining the learning-based appearance and optimizable geometry priors and factor graph optimization. The appearance and geometry priors are explicitly learned in an end-to-end differentiable training pipeline to master the task of pair-wise image alignment, one of the core components of the SLAM system. In our experiments, the proposed SLAM system is shown to robustly handle the challenges of texture scarceness and illumination variation that are commonly seen in endoscopy. The system generalizes well to unseen endoscopes and subjects and performs favorably compared with a state-of-the-art feature-based SLAM system. The code repository is available at https://github.com/lppllppl920/SAGE-SLAM.git.
Electrophysiological and transcriptomic correlates of neuropathic pain in human dorsal root ganglion neurons (2019)

Neuropathic pain encompasses a diverse array of clinical entities affecting 7-10% of the population, which is challenging to adequately treat. Several promising therapeutics derived from molecular discoveries in animal models of neuropathic pain have failed to translate following unsuccessful clinical trials suggesting the possibility of important cellular-level and molecular differences between animals and humans. Establishing the extent of potential differences between laboratory animals and humans, through direct study of human tissues and/or cells, is likely important in facilitating translation of preclinical discoveries to meaningful treatments. Patch-clamp electrophysiology and RNA-sequencing was performed on dorsal root ganglia taken from patients with variable presence of radicular/neuropathic pain. Findings establish that spontaneous action potential generation in dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with radicular/neuropathic pain and radiographic nerve root compression. Transcriptome analysis suggests presence of sex-specific differences and reveals gene modules and signalling pathways in immune response and neuronal plasticity related to radicular/neuropathic pain that may suggest therapeutic avenues and that has the potential to predict neuropathic pain in future cohorts.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight analysis of the copolymerization reaction of an expanding monomer with a diepoxide (2005)

Abstract In search of a composite with low stress and low shrinkage properties, this study includes matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight analysis of the photoinitiated cationic polymerization between an expanding monomer [1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (TOSU)] and a diepoxide [bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)]. Past studies using NMR and differential scanning calorimetry analyses concluded copolymerization indirectly on the basis of deviations from homopolymer product data. This is the first study to provide direct evidence of copolymerization between these species. Unlike previous research, this study enables the identification of the TOSU homopolymer and the absence of the BADGE homopolymer, suggesting initial cationic activation of TOSU. In addition to peaks that correspond to the presumed mechanism for six‐membered TOSU polymerization, many peaks have a net gain or loss of cyclic carbonate in support of a new polymerization mechanism participating in the reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5962–5970, 2005
[Clinical polymorphism of neoplastic and vascular brain diseases: pathogenetic characteristics]. (1993)

Using evidence on 533 patients with an atypical course of brain tumors and vascular diseases, the author discusses the role of the vascular factor in polymorphism of clinical manifestations of tumors and metastases to the brain. It is shown that in 55.4% of cases brain tumors simulated CNS affections. Of these most frequent was the picture of cerebral circulatory disturbances. Mechanisms causing cerebral circulation impairment in various tumors and metastases to the brain are considered. It is found that pathologically changed circulation and angioarchitecture of the tumors may contribute to a wide spectrum of clinical signs typical for vascular brain diseases. The conclusions are based on the analysis of the results obtained with present-day techniques of angio- and neurovisualization and postoperative as well as autopsy examinations of the tumors.
Combinatorial SNARE Complexes Modulate the Secretion of Cytoplasmic Granules in Human Neutrophils (2006)

Mobilization of human neutrophil granules is critical for the innate immune response against infection and for the outburst of inflammation. Human neutrophil-specific and tertiary granules are readily exocytosed upon cell activation, whereas azurophilic granules are mainly mobilized to the phagosome. These cytoplasmic granules appear to be under differential secretory control. In this study, we show that combinatorial soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes with vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs), 23-kDa synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP-23), and syntaxin 4 underlie the differential mobilization of granules in human neutrophils. Specific and tertiary granules contained VAMP-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-23, whereas the azurophilic granule membranes were enriched in VAMP-1 and VAMP-7. Ultrastructural, coimmunoprecipitation, and functional assays showed that SNARE complexes containing VAMP-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-23 mediated the rapid exocytosis of specific/tertiary granules, whereas VAMP-1 and VAMP-7 mainly regulated the secretion of azurophilic granules. Plasma membrane syntaxin 4 acted as a general target SNARE for the secretion of the distinct granule populations. These data indicate that at least two SNARE complexes, made up of syntaxin 4/SNAP-23/VAMP-1 and syntaxin 4/SNAP-23/VAMP-2, are involved in the exocytosis of specific and tertiary granules, whereas interactions between syntaxin 4 and VAMP-1/VAMP-7 are involved in the exocytosis of azurophilic granules. Our data indicate that quantitative and qualitative differences in SNARE complex formation lead to the differential mobilization of the distinct cytoplasmic granules in human neutrophils, and a higher capability to form diverse SNARE complexes renders specific/tertiary granules prone to exocytosis.
EXCITONIC COUPLING AND PHENYL RING TORSION IN DIPHENYLMETHANE (2005)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899
Fast Acquirable Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry Based on Bipolar-Chirped Pulse Pair (2020)

In this article, fast measurement of Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) based on a linearly frequency modulated (LFM) pulse and a digital matched filter is studied theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) change is detected by measuring the time shift of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) along the time axis instead of the frequency shift, as in traditional BOTDR. In the experiment, we propose to use a positive- and negative-swept pulse, named bipolar-chirped pulse pair (BPP), to determine the BFS change with high accuracy. A BGS acquisition of up to 320 Hz is obtained for a fiber length of 2 km with a strain measurement accuracy of ±8 με. Strain measurements in a range of up to 10000 με are conducted, and the resulting strain coefficient is equal to 0.048 MHz/MHz/με, which matches that of standard single-mode fibers. The BPP-BOTDR technique is an intrinsic one-end-injection truly distributed system that exhibits high measurement speed and high accuracy, which may pave the way for various BOTDR applications.
Sequential sparsification for change detection (2008)

This paper presents a general method for segmenting a vector valued sequence into an unknown number of subsequences where all data points from a subsequence can be represented with the same affine parametric model. The idea is to cluster the data into the minimum number of such subsequences which, as we show, can be cast as a sparse signal recovery problem by exploiting the temporal correlation between consecutive data points. We try to maximize the sparsity (i.e. the number of zero elements) of the first order differences of the sequence of parameter vectors. Each non-zero element in the first order difference sequence corresponds to a change. A weighted l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm based convex approximation is adopted to solve the change detection problem. We apply the proposed method to video segmentation and temporal segmentation of dynamic textures.
Micro-to-nano Scale Strain Characterization of 2024 Aluminum-alloys with Incoherent/Coherent Precipitates (2020)

This study is focused on the crystal structure of 2024 aluminum-alloy (Al-alloy) with copper (Cu) as primary alloying element. These alloys have excellent properties for corrosion and aerospace applications. The main drawback of this alloy is its fast corrosion rate. There is a correlation between the strain and the hydrogen trapping mechanism that is responsible for corrosion in 2024 alloys. Therefore, an Al-alloy with low density of defects is desirable at the vicinity of the precipitates to reduce corrosion. Many techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nano-indentation or Raman spectroscopy are used to determine strain on bulk material. However, information gathered using these techniques are not sufficient to understand defect induced corrosion mechanism. In this study, we propose a methodology to correlate strain to defect localization induced by Cu precipitates by combining different Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. To develop this technique, we used an Al-alloy which belongs to the 2024 category: Al-4.35 Cu-1.5 Mg-0.64 Mn-0.5 Si-0.5 Fe (wt.%). The sample was treated at 495 C followed by water quenching. The aging process was carried out but at 210 C for an hour to accelerate the precipitate formation. Specimens for TEM analysis were prepared using a standard focused ion beam (FIB) lamella methodology and the TEM characterization was performed using aberration-corrected microscope of model Titan 80-300 ST from Thermo-Fisher Scientific. TEM characterization was performed on specimens to establish the degree of coherency of S '' precipitates in Al matrix. This is accomplished by determining strain fields around the precipitates. Our results suggest that the presence of strain fields due to dislocations is indicative of incoherent or semicoherent precipitates. Whereas, no dislocation strain fields in the maps implies a fully coherent precipitate in Al matrix. To achieve this goal, several TEM techniques were used as follows:
Steady-State Measurements of Lactic Acid Production in a Wild-Type and a Putative D-Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase-Negative Mutant of Zymomonas mobilis (2002)

This work represents a continuation of our investigation into environmental conditions that promote lactic acid synthesis by Zymomonas mobilis. The characteristic near theoretical yield of ethanol from glucose by Z. mobilis can be compromised by the synthesis of D - and L-lactic acid. The production of lactic acid is exacerbated by the following conditions: pH 6.0, yeast extract, and reduced growth rate. At a specific growth rate of 0.048/h, the average yield of DL-lactate from glucose in a yeast extract-based medium at pH 6.0 was 0.15 g/g. This represents a reduction in ethanol yield of about 10% relative to the yield at a growth rate of 0.15/h. Very little lactic acid was produced at pH 5.0 or using a defined salts medium (without yeast extract) Under permissive and comparable culture conditions, a tetracycline-resistant, D-ldh negative mutant produced about 50% less lactic acid than its parent strain Zm ATCC 39676. D-lactic acid was detected in the cell-free spent fermentation medium of the mutant, but this could be owing to the presence of a racemase enzyme. Under the steady-state growth conditions provided by the chemostat, the specific rate of glucose consumption was altered at a constant growth rate of 0.075/h. Shifting from glucose-limited to nitrogen-limited growth, or increasing the temperature, caused an increase in the specific rate of glucose catabolism. There was good correlation between an increase in glycolytic flux and a decrease in lactic acid yield from glucose. This study points to a mechanistic link between the glycolytic flux and the control of end-product glucose metabolism. Implications of reduced glycolytic flux in pentose-fermenting recombinant Z. mobilis strains, relative to increased byproduct synthesis, is discussed.
Message from the General and Program Chairs (2021)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
Determination of orders of relative alkali metal ion affinities of crown ethers and acyclic analogs by the kinetic method (1992)

Ladders of relative alkali ion affinities of crown ethers and acyclic analogs were constructed by using the kinetic method. The adducts consisting of two different ethers bound by an alkali metal ion, (M1 + Cat + M2)(+), were formed by using fast atom bombardment ionization to desorb the crown ethers and alkali metal ions, then collisionally activated to induce dissociation to (M1 + Cat)(+) and (M2 + Cat)(+) ions. Based on the relative abundances of the cationized ethers formed, orders of relative alkali ion affinities were assigned. The crown ethers showed higher affinities for specific sizes of metal ions, and this was attributed in part to the optimal spatial fit concept. Size selectivities were more pronounced for the smaller alkali metal ions such as Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) than the larger ions such as Cs(+) and Rb(+). In general, the cyclic ethers exhibited greater alkali metal ion affinities than the corresponding acyclic analogs, although these effects were less dramatic as the size of the alkali metal ion increased.
<title>Birefringence dependent multiple quantum well light valves/modulators and logic devices</title> (1992)

I.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spectroscopy of Temperature-Driven Single Valley Dirac Fermions in HgTe/CdHgTe Quantum Wells (2018)

We report on the temperature-dependent magneto-absorption and magnetotransport spectroscopy of HgTe/CdHgTe quantum wells above the critical well thickness d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . Our results, obtained in magnetic fields up to 16 T and temperature range from 1.7 to 150 K, clearly indicate a change in the band-gap energy with temperature. A topological phase transition between quantum spin Hall and trivial insulator states, revealing appearance of single-valley Dirac fermions at T= 27 and 90 K for 6.5 and 8 nm QWs respectively, was clearly observed in our magnetospectroscopy measurements.
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION MODELLING FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES (1995)

In this report, the authors present an overview of engine and transmission modeling for heavy-duty vehicles. The models constructed are suitable for control design and simulation, and they are used in the Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) design for trucks and buses.
An Improved Hyperbolic Summation Imaging Algorithm for Detection of the Subsurface Targets (2014)

In Ground penetrating Radar (GPR) imaging a single point target appears as a hyperbolic curve in the space-time image. In this study, for focusing hyperbolic curves in GPR images, we present an improved hyperbolic summation (HS) focusing technique based on cross-correlation receiving GPR data. First, the formulation of the proposed algorithm is presented. Second, for improve quality images result of HS imaging algorithm a weight factor is designed by analyzing the statistical character of receiving data for each point in region imaging. Third, this proposed algorithm applied on numerically and experimental GPR data and results shown that the proposed hyperbolic summation imaging algorithm superiority concentrate hyperbolic curves in GPR images and images result have a good quality and resolution. In order to quantitatively describe the imaging result for the effect of artifact suppression, focusing parameter is evaluated.
Resynchronization of the Adaptive Codebook in a Constrained celp Codec After a Frame Erasure (2006)

The adaptive codebook used in CELP (code excited linear prediction) codecs to model the pitch excitation allows the attainment of a high quality of synthesized speech but introduces a strong inter-frame dependency and consequently causes error propagation in case of frame erasure. In a previous work we showed that the error propagation can be greatly reduced by constraining, at the encoder side, the innovative codebook to partially model the pitch excitation. In this paper we extend this work by exploiting, at the decoder side, the pitch-related information present in the innovative excitation to speed up the recovery of the decoder. The method consists in adequately shifting the last pitch pulse present within the corrupted adaptive codebook memory so that it is resynchronized with the excitation parameters of the frame that follows the erased one
Change of Epidemiological Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma during the Years 1962–1972 and 1983–1986 in the Federal Republic of Germany (1989)

In the FRG data on more than 2,000 patients with malignant melanoma (MM) have been documented so far by the malignant melanoma cooperative group (MMCG 1962-1972) and by the central malignant melanoma registry of the German Dermatological Society (CMMR 1983-1988). In this study we compared the basic characteristics between these two multicenter data collections (CMMR until 1986) in order to detect any changes in clinical epidemiology of MM diagnosed within the past 20 years. The age distribution of the patients with MM at the time of first diagnosis did not reveal any change: a similar portion of patients was under 50 years of age (1962-72: males 44%, females 45%; 1983-86: males 44%, females 47%). The percentage of males with MM, however, increased in the CMMR group (35-41%) and the portion of tumors localized on the trunk was found markedly increased in both sexes (males: 39-56%, females: 15-25%). Comparison of the tumor thickness indicated some significant advance in the early recognition of MM: the percentage of thick tumors (greater than 1.5 mm) decreased between both time periods (males: 72-41%; females: 60-37%) with a corresponding elevation of thinner tumors. Nevertheless, during both time periods the first diagnosis was metastasizing melanoma in about 10% of all patients. Also, the proportion of prognostically unfavorable, nodular malignant melanomas remained nearly constant (about 30% of all patients in both groups).
Controlled assembly of gold and albumin nanoparticles to form hybrid multimeric nanomaterials (2021)

Abstract Multimeric nanoparticles (MNP) possess unique physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to monomeric NP thus, being used in applications ranging from photonic devices to cancer therapy. Despite the potential, the synthesis of well‐defined MNP poses a significant challenge to scientists and remains elusive. One commonly used synthetic methodology to generate these structures is the self‐assembly of individual particles. However, the surface of the individual particles in this assembly is saturated, so the esthetically beautiful structure would lack functional utility. Direct reaction of different NP is yet another way to synthesize multimeric structure. Nevertheless, the inherent reactivity of NP always results in a statistical mixture of different clusters—varying from dimeric to multimeric structure. However, the process is facile and provides opportunities to synthesize a well‐defined mixture of MNP. Therefore, we used this approach to synthesize hybrid MNP composed of human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA‐NP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP). In this MNP, each HSA‐NP is attached with a median of five AuNP. The process is robust, and even the covalent attachment of dye to the surface of HSA‐NP did not deter the controlled assembly. The well‐defined MNP internalize within the cancer cells, whereas the aggregated nonspecific assembly failed to enter. The quantification of fluorescence in cells treated with MNP or pristine dye‐labeled HSA‐NP showed similar values, inferring that AuNP in MNP exhibit minimal or no influence in internalization. In summary, the synthetic process reported in this study can be used to develop MNP wherein each NP can potentially carry a drug or a reporter to combat diseases.
Hyperbranched Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites (2004)

Nanocomposites have been prepared from a range of hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) and montmorillonite clays (MMTs) by solution processing. With high levels of exfoliation significant changes in rheological behaviour were observed. Rheological models for conventional filled polymers led to estimates of the effective particle aspect ratio. In combination with classical models for particle reinforcement, the derived parameters accounted well for the evolution of the mechanical properties of solid HBP‐based polyurethane nanocomposites.
Oral leukoplakia classification and staging system with incorporation of differentiated dysplasia (2022)

The present study emphasizes the value of the slightly modified OL-system with incorporation of DD in uniform reporting of OL and the value in predicting MT.
Linear Array of Woodpile EBG Sectoral Horn Antennas (2006)

A technique is described for creating linear array antennas that conform to the natural stacking sequence of the woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material. Each element in the linear array consists of a woodpile EBG sectoral horn antenna. The electromagnetic confinement mechanism within each horn antenna relies wholly on the 3-D EBG of the woodpile material. The array element has a typical sectoral horn pattern with a directional beam in one principal plane and a broader beam in the other. The bandwidth of the sectoral horn is almost equal to that of the defect EBG waveguide. Measured and theoretical results for radiation patterns, impedance bandwidth and gain of a sectoral horn antenna made from alumina are described, and theoretical results for a design made from silicon are presented. It is shown that the layer-by-layer nature of the woodpile EBG material enables sectoral horn antennas to be easily stacked together in the E-plane to create linear arrays. Analysis of the mutual coupling as a function of element separation and its effect on reflection coefficient are presented for a two-element linear array in silicon. Theoretical analyses for fixed and scanned beam linear arrays of silicon woodpile EBG sectoral horns are described and finite-difference time-domain results are compared with array theory. The fixed beam arrays are designed for high directivity while the scanned beam array enables wide angle beam steering through the use of parasitic array elements