gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the rods of wild‐type and transducin knock‐out mice (2002)

A 10 microm spot of argon laser light was focused onto the outer segments of intact mouse rods loaded with fluo-3, fluo-4 or fluo-5F, to estimate dark, resting free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and changes in [Ca(2+)](i) upon illumination. Dye concentration was adjusted to preserve the normal physiology of the rod, and the laser intensity was selected to minimise bleaching of the fluorescent dye. Wild-type mouse rods illuminated continuously with laser light showed a progressive decrease in fluorescence well fitted by two exponentials with mean time constants of 154 and 540 ms. Rods from transducin alpha-subunit knock-out (Tralpha-/-) animals showed no light-dependent decline in fluorescence but exhibited an initial rapid component of fluorescence increase which could be fitted with a single exponential (tau~1-4 ms). This fluorescence increase was triggered by rhodopsin bleaching, since its amplitude was reduced by pre-exposure to bright bleaching light and its time constant decreased with increasing laser intensity. The rapid component was however unaffected by incorporation of the calcium chelator BAPTA and seemed therefore not to reflect an actual increase in [Ca(2+)](i). A similar rapid increase in fluorescence was also seen in the rods of wild-type mice just preceding the fall in fluorescence produced by the light-dependent decrease in [Ca(2+)](i). Dissociation constants were measured in vitro for fluo-3, fluo-4 and fluo-5F with and without 1 mM Mg(2+) from 20 to 37 degrees C. All three dyes showed a strong temperature dependence, with the dissociation constant changing by a factor of 3-4 over this range. Values at 37 degrees C were used to estimate absolute levels of rod [Ca(2+)](i). All three dyes gave similar values for [Ca(2+)](i) in wild-type rods of 250 +/- 20 nM in darkness and 23 +/- 2 nM after exposure to saturating light. There was no significant difference in dark [Ca(2+)](i) between wild-type and Tralpha-/- animals.
Bit Error Rate Minimizing Channel Shortening Equalizers for Cyclic Prefixed Systems (2007)

Cyclic prefixed communications, such as multicarrier communications, first became widely used in the context of digital subscriber lines (DSL). In DSL, bit loading is allowed at the transmitter, and the performance metric is the bit rate that can be provided without exceeding a given bit error rate (BER). Wireless cyclic prefixed systems are now becoming increasingly popular, and in such systems the appropriate performance metric is the BER for a given bit loading at the transmitter. Cyclic prefixed systems perform well in the presence of multipath, provided that the channel delay spread is shorter than the guard interval between transmitted blocks. If this condition is not met, a channel shortening equalizer can be used to shorten the channel to the desired length. Previous work on channel shortening has largely been in the context of DSL, thus it has focused on maximizing the bit rate. In this paper, we propose a channel shortener that attempts to directly minimize the BER for a multiple-input multiple-output channel model. We simulate the performance of the resulting channel shortener and compare it to existing designs and the matched filter bound
Characterization of Histaminergic Receptors (2000)

Abstract Histamine mediates vascular smooth muscle relaxation and bronchial smooth muscle contraction, but also acts as a neurotransmitter, mediating gastric acid release and modulating the release other neurotransmitters in addition to histamine. In this unit, radioligand binding protocols are described for each of the known subtypes of histamine receptors, namely, H 1 , H 2 , and H 3 . These receptors demonstrate low amino acid sequence homology at the protein level and have divergent pharmacological characteristics such that the conditions described for assaying each receptor are dissimilar.
Monoclonal antibodies to CD3 as immunosuppressants. (1990)

Murine monoclonal antibodies specifically directed at the CD3 molecular complex are widely used in clinical transplantation. They are potent inhibitors of immune function and may be administered in association to conventional immunosuppressants. The main purpose of this review is to summarize our present knowledge on the CD3 molecule, to discuss the available data on the clinical use of anti-CD3 MAb (therapeutic effectiveness, mode of action and side effects) and the recent information derived from the use of anti-CD3 MAb in experimental models that are opening new perspective in the applications of anti-CD3 and will hopefully lead to the extension of its clinical use to settings different from transplantation.
Measurement of Oxygen Potential and Temperature in Liquid Slag, Metal and Gas Phase of Q-BOP Converter by Oxygen Concentration Cell (1982)

The oxygen potential (represented by Po2) and temperature in liquid iron, slag and gas phases in a Q-BOP converter during blowing were measured by using different types of oxygen concentration cell with ZrO2-base solid electrolyte for each phase. Po2 and temperature in liquid iron continuously increased from 1 × 10-14 atm at 1 400°C at the initial stage of oxygen blowing to 1 × 10-10 atm at 1 600 °C at the end of blowing. Po2 in slag at the end of blowing was about 10-9 atm, being close to Po2 in equilibrium with Fe2+ and Fe3+ and closely rinked with the ratio of wt%Fe3+ to the sum of wt%Fe3+ and wt%Fe2+. Because slags were solid at the initial and middle stages of blowing, Po2 in slag was estimated 10-4 to 10-6 atm from the value of the above-mentioned ratio.Po2 in gas phase was 3 × 10-13 atm at the initial stage and it remained lower than that in liquid iron after the middle stage. On the basis of experimental findings, the reaction mechanism of the elements in steel with slag was discussed and the characteristic of Q-BOP as a reaction vessel was compared with that of LD converter.
A Convenient Method To Measure Monomer Reactivity Ratios. Application to Synthesis of Polymeric Biomaterials Featuring Intrinsic Radiopacity (1996)

The properties of co- and terpolymers (physical, mechanical, chemical, biocompatibility, etc.) strongly depend on their microstructural details. In the course of our research work on biomaterials that feature intrinsic radiopacity, we became interested in the microstructural details of co- and terpolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 2-(2‘-iodobenzoyl)ethyl methacrylate (1) or 2-(4‘-iodobenzoyl)ethyl methacrylate (2). A new method, based on 1H-NMR at 400 MHz, was used to study the copolymerization reactions 1 + HEMA, 1 + MMA, 2 + HEMA, and 2 + MMA. This method was found to be convenient, fast, and accurate, and it is put forward that this approach can also be applied to study other copolymerization reactions. The results, obtained with the error-in-variables method (EVM), are as follows: 1 + HEMA, r1 = 1.09 ± 0.14, rHEMA = 1.12 ± 0.06; 1 + MMA, r1= 0.54 ± 0.12, rMMA = 0.67 ± 0.06; 2 + HEMA, r2 = 2.18 ± 0.72, rHEMA = 2.29 ± 0.38; 2 + MMA, r2 = 0.93 ± 0.32, rMMA = 0.90 ± 0.13. Based on these data, a triad analysis was performed. It is concluded that all four copolymerizations afford random-type macromolecules. Therefore, it is most likely that terpolymers consisting of 1 or 2, HEMA, and MMA will also have a random character. This conclusion is of interest, since it gives a better insight into the different biochemical and physicochemical properties of this type of co-/terpolymers. The results imply that random copolymers, built-up from a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic component, can also exhibit low thrombogenicity; this is in line with recent studies by Mathew et al. (Biomaterials 1993, 14, 57).
Free-space optics and high-speed RF for next generation networks $propagation measurements (2003)

Due to the consistently growing demand for high-speed wireless data access, future communication systems will necessarily have to enable real-time data access and high reliability as well as having superior weather resilience. Hybrid communication networks that integrate free space optics and RF systems are uniquely positioned to satisfy all the bandwidth, reliability, security and 'all-weather functionality' requirements. Unfortunately, the technology has been growing at a pace that far exceeds our understanding of the effect of wireless propagation channels on these hybrid systems. The paper attempts to present some of the preliminary propagation measurement results for typical picocell scenarios and their impact on the design of hybrid communication systems. In addition to clear-sky and rain attenuation measurements, the paper presents frequency diversity measurements for fixed RF systems at the 38 GHz and 60 GHz frequency bands.
A new device to expedite endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures: a randomized animal study of efficacy and safety (with videos) (2015)

This new versatile device proved to be as safe as regular ESD knives, and seems likely to help reduce the duration of the procedure.
Optical imaging of temporal integration in human auditory cortex (2007)

Behavioral and physiological studies have indicated the existence of a temporal window of auditory integration (TWI), within which similar sounds are perceptually grouped. The current study exploits the combined temporal and spatial resolution of fast optical imaging (the event-related optical signal, EROS) to show that brain activity elicited by sounds within and outside the TWI differs in location and latency. In a previous event-related brain potential (ERP) study [Sable, Gratton, and Fabiani (2003) European Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 2492-2496], we found that the mismatch negativity (MMN; a brain response to acoustic irregularities) elicited by deviations in stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) had a unique shape when the deviant SOA was within the TWI. In the present study, we extended these ERP results using EROS. Participants heard trains of five tones. The first four tones had SOAs of 96, 192, 288 or 384 ms. The SOA of the fourth and fifth tones was either the same (standard) or one of the other three (deviant) SOAs. With a deviant SOA of 96 ms, the cortical response was approximately 2 cm anterior to responses to longer SOA deviants, and was followed by a later response that was absent in the other conditions. Similarly to the electrical MMN, the optical mismatch response amplitudes were proportional to the magnitude of interval deviance. These results, in combination with our previous findings, indicate that the temporal integration of sounds is reflected in cortical mismatch responses that differ from the typical response to interval deviance.
Evaluation of autologous tissue sources for the isolation of endothelial cells and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to pre-vascularize tissue-engineered vascular grafts (2015)

Abstract Currently used synthetic vascular grafts bear a high infection risk due to insufficient microvascularization of the graft wall disabling the infiltration of immune cells. Tissue-engineered grafts with a functional pre-vascularization thus would be desirable. However, autologous tissue sources for capillary forming cells need to be evaluated. Here, peripheral blood outgrowth endothelial cells (PB-OEC) from 17 healthy donors and pericyte-like mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) of 17 patients scheduled for visceral surgery were characterized and investigated regarding their ability to form capillary-like networks in plasma-derived fibrin gels. To obtain proliferating PB-OEC with endothelial cell-specific properties (CD31-, VE-cadherin-expression, ac-LDL uptake and three-dimensional (3D)-tube formation in fibrin gels) both enrichment of CD34
ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN‐1 ON CULTURED RAT RENOMEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL CELLS ARE MODULATED BY NITRIC OXIDE (1999)

1. Cultured renomedullary interstitial cells (RMIC) isolated from 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys possess ETA receptors, as identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 2. Treatment with endothelin (ET)-1 (10(-6) mol/L) increases the intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate concentrations within 10 s and intracellular calcium concentrations after 7 s. 3. Endothelin-1 (10(-7) and 10(-10) mol/L) induced increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations, but only in the presence of N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Addition of ET-1 (10(-10) mol/L) to the RMIC culture led to increases in intracellular cGMP concentrations through activation of NOS. 4. In the presence of ET-1 (10(-7) and 10(-10) mol/L) and during NOS inhibition, RMIC responded with increased cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. These responses were abolished by BQ-123 (10(-6) mol/L), suggesting mediation via the ETA receptor subtype. The proliferative effect of ET-1 was also abolished by atrial natriuretic peptide (10(-6) mol/L). 5. The present study provides evidence that binding of ET-1 to ETA receptors on RMIC activates several intracellular second messenger systems that mediate cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. 6. These results also highlight an important interaction between ET-1 and nitric oxide in the control of RMIC function.
The Helicase HAGE Expressed by Malignant Melanoma-Initiating Cells Is Required for Tumor Cell Proliferation in Vivo (2012)

Malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMIC) are a subpopulation of cells responsible for melanoma tumor growth and progression. They are defined by the expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5). Here, we identified a critical role for the DEAD-box helicase antigen (HAGE) in ABCB5+ MMIC-dependent tumorigenesis and show that HAGE-specific inactivation inhibits melanoma tumor growth mediated by this tumor-initiating population. Knockdown of HAGE led to a significant decrease in RAS protein expression with a concomitant decrease in activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways implicated to play an important role in melanoma progression. To confirm that the reduction in NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS) expression was dependent on the HAGE helicase activity, we showed that NRAS, effectively silenced by siRNA, could be rescued by reintroduction of HAGE in cells lacking HAGE. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which HAGE promotes NRAS unwinding in vitro. We also observed using tumor transplantation in Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice that the HAGE knockdown in a ABCB5+ melanoma cell line displayed a significant decrease in tumor growth and compared with the control. Our results suggest that the helicase HAGE is required for ABCB5+ MMIC-dependent tumor growth through promoting RAS protein expression and that cancer therapies targeting HAGE helicase may have broad applications for treating malignant melanoma and potentially other cancer types.
A comparison of four new time-domain techniques for discriminating monomorphic ventricular tachycardia from sinus rhythm using ventricular waveform morphology (1991)

Electrical management of intractable tachycardia via implantable antitachycardia devices has become a major form of therapy. Newly advanced methods of ventricular tachycardia detection propose examination of changes in intraventricular electrogram morphology in addition to or in combination with earlier rate-based detection algorithms. Unfortunately, most of the proposed morphology analysis techniques have computational demands beyond the capabilities of present devices or may be adversely affected by amplitude and baseline fluctuations of the intraventricular electrogram. We have designed four new computationally efficient time-domain algorithms for distinguishing ventricular electrograms during monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) from those during sinus rhythm using direct analysis of the ventricular electrogram morphology. All four techniques are independent of amplitude fluctuations and three of the four are independent of baseline changes. These new techniques were compared to correlation waveform analysis, a previously proposed method for distinction of VT from sinus rhythm. Evaluation of these four new algorithms was performed on data from 19 consecutive patients with 31 distinct monomorphic ventricular tachycardia morphologies. Three of the algorithms performed as well or better than correlation waveform analysis but with one-tenth to one-half the computational demands.
One vaccine to counter many diseases? Modelling the economics of oral polio vaccine against child mortality and COVID-19 (2022)

Abstract Background Recent reviews summarize evidence that some vaccines have heterologous or non-specific effects (NSE), potentially offering protection against multiple pathogens. Numerous economic evaluations examine vaccines’ pathogen-specific effects, but we have found only two economic evaluations of NSE. This paper starts to fill this gap by reporting economic evaluations of the NSE of oral polio vaccine (OPV) against under-five mortality and COVID-19. Methods We studied two settings: (1) reducing child mortality in a high-mortality setting (Guinea-Bissau) and (2) preventing COVID-19 in India. In the former, the intervention involves three annual campaigns in which children receive OPV incremental to routine immunization. In the latter, a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model was developed to estimate the population benefits of two scenarios, in which OPV would be co-administered alongside COVID-19 vaccines. Incremental cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios were modelled for ranges of intervention effectiveness estimates to supplement the headline numbers and account for heterogeneity and uncertainty. Results For child mortality, headline cost-effectiveness was $650 per child death averted. For COVID-19, assuming OPV had 20% effectiveness, incremental cost per death averted was $23,000-65,000 if it were administered simultaneously with a COVID-19 vaccine less than 200 days into a wave of the epidemic. If the COVID-19 vaccine availability were delayed, the cost per averted death would decrease to $2600-6100. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios vary but are consistently high. Conclusion Economic evaluation suggests the potential of OPV to efficiently reduce child mortality in high mortality environments. Likewise, within a broad range of assumed effect sizes OPV could play an economically attractive role against COVID-19.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Hemolysis, Free Iron, Acute Kidney Injury and the Impact of Bicarbonate (2010)

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most common major surgical procedures worldwide often associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)--a frequent and serious complication of cardiac surgery and affects up to 50% of patients. The major determinants of AKI after CPB are hemodynamic and inflammatory factors and the release of heme and labile iron contributing to oxidation from reactive oxygen species. The generation of reactive oxygen species is catalyzed by free labile iron which is most active at acid pH. To date, no simple, safe, and effective intervention to prevent CPB-associated AKI in a broad patient population has been found. However, there is recent evidence from experimental and clinical studies that sodium bicarbonate protects from oxidant renal injury in different settings, at least in part, by scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite and other reactive species.
Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial (2020)

Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine once or twice weekly did not significantly reduce laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 or Covid-19-compatible illness among healthcare workers.
Tachykinin-induced contractions of the guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle: tonic and phasic muscular activities (1997)

In vitro tachykinin-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle were investigated under isometric conditions by using selective agonists ([Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P, [Nle10]neurokinin A-(4-10), senktide) and antagonists (SR 140333, SR 48968, SR 142801), respectively, for the tachykinin NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors. [Sar9,Met(O2)11]Substance P (10 nM) induced a tonic contraction with superimposed phasic contractions. Both tonic and phasic muscular activities were completely abolished by SR 140333 (10 nM) and were not modified by SR 142801 (10 nM). SR 48968 (10 nM) and atropine (0.001 mM) did not modify the tonic muscular activity but inhibited the phasic muscular activity. [Nle10]Neurokinin A-(4-10) (10 nM) only caused a phasic contractile response that was inhibited by SR 48968. Atropine, SR 140333, and SR 142801 were without effect. Senktide (1 nM) induced combined tonic and phasic contractile responses. SR 142801 blocked the phasic and tonic muscular activities, whereas SR 48968 and SR 140333 were inactive. After addition of atropine, only tonic contractile response was abolished. These results showed fundamental differences in isometric tonic and phasic contractile responses of guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle to tachykinins.
Anesthesia, Patient Positioning, and Patient Preparation (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Recent advances in the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins (2003)

This review describes biochemistry, molecular biology and regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, with particular emphasis on mechanistic features and late steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis including glycosylation and vacuolar sequestration. The literature from 1997 to the beginning of 2002 is reviewed, and 163 references are cited.
A reconfigurable dataflow machine for implementing functional programming languages (1994)

Functional languages do away with the current state paradigm and achieve referential transparency . They als o exhibit inherent parallelism . These qualities fit very well on top of a data-driven architecture such as a data flo w machine . In this paper, we propose a fully reconfigurable data flow machine for implementing functiona l programming languages . The design is based on smart memories and nodes interconnected via a hypercube. Important aspects of the proposed model are described and compared with other similar attempts . Advantages of our system include massive parallelism, reconfigurability, and amenability to higher-level, graphica l programming . Current limitations are identified and extensions are suggested.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 2 from Convergence of Acquired Mutations and Alternative Splicing of <i>CD19</i> Enables Resistance to CART-19 Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Enhanced skipping of exons 2 and 5-6 in post-CART-19 leukemias. Supplementary Figure 2. Analysis of splicing factors involved in alternative splicing of CD19-exon2.&lt;/p&gt;