gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel 2-D MMSE Subpixel-Based Image Down-Sampling (2011)

Subpixel-based down-sampling is a method that can potentially improve apparent resolution of a down-scaled image on LCD by controlling individual subpixels rather than pixels. However, the increased luminance resolution comes at price of chrominance distortion. A major challenge is to suppress color fringing artifacts while maintaining sharpness. We propose a new subpixel-based down-sampling pattern called diagonal direct subpixel-based down-sampling (DDSD) for which we design a 2-D image reconstruction model. Then, we formulate subpixel-based down-sampling as a MMSE problem and derive the optimal solution called minimum mean square error for subpixel-based down-sampling (MMSE-SD). Unfortunately, straightforward implementation of MMSE-SD is computational intensive. We thus prove that the solution is equivalent to a 2-D linear filter followed by DDSD, which is much simpler. We further reduce computational complexity using a small <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> × <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> filter to approximate the much larger MMSE-SD filter. To compare the performances of pixel and subpixel-based down-sampling methods, we propose two novel objective measures: normalized <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> high frequency energy for apparent luminance sharpness and PSNR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U(V)</sub> for chrominance distortion. Simulation results show that both MMSE-SD and MMSE-SD( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> ) can give sharper images compared with conventional down-sampling methods, with little color fringing artifacts.
Performance Analysis of Most Common Encryption Algorithms on Different Web Browsers (2012)

The hacking is the greatest problem in the wireless local area network (WLAN). Many algorithms like DES, 3DES, AES,UMARAM, RC6 and UR5 have been used to prevent the outside attacks to eavesdrop or prevent the data to be transferred to the end-user correctly. We have proposed a Web programming language to be analyzed with five Web browsers in term of their performances to process the encryption of the programming language's script with the Web browsers. This is followed by conducting tests simulation in order to obtain the best encryption algorithm versus Web browser. The results of the experimental analysis are presented in the form of graphs. We finally conclude on the findings that different algorithms perform differently to different Web browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Netscape Navigator. Hence, we now determine which algorithm works best and most compatible with which Web browser.
Google SketchUp For Dummies (2007)

Introduction. Part I: Getting Started with SketchUp. Chapter 1: Meeting Google SketchUp. Chapter 2: Establishing the Modeling Mind-set. Chapter 3: Getting Off to a Running Start. Part II: Modeling in SketchUp. Chapter 4: Building Buildings. Chapter 5: Keeping Your Model Organized. Chapter 6: Going Beyond Buildings. Chapter 7: Modeling with Photographs. Part III: Viewing Your Model in Different Ways. Chapter 8: Changing Your Model's Appearance with Styles. Chapter 9: Working with Light and Shadow. Chapter 10: Presenting Your Model Inside SketchUp. Part IV: Sharing What You've Made. Chapter 11: Working with Google Earth and the 3D Warehouse. Chapter 12: Printing Your Work. Chapter 13: Exporting Images and Animations. Chapter 14: Exporting to CAD, Illustration, and Other Modeling Software. Chapter 15: Creating Presentation Documents with LayOut. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 16: Ten SketchUp Traps and Their Work-arounds. Chapter 17: Ten Plugins, Extensions, and Resources Worth Getting. Chapter 18: Ten Ways to Discover Even More. Index.
Direct stopped-flow fluorescence polarization immunoassay of abused drugs and their metabolites in urine (1994)

Kinetic methodology was applied to the direct determination of abused drugs (amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabinoids) in urine by stopped-flow fluorescence polarization immunoassay (SF-FPIA). This technique provides analytical data within a few seconds by measuring the variation of polarized fluorescence with time during development of immunochemical reactions. Methods based on this principle are particularly suitable for routine screening of these drugs in urine, being more expeditious than conventional FPIA methods. The dynamic ranges of the calibration curves were 20-300 micrograms/L for d,l-amphetamine, 15-300 micrograms/L for benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite), and 10-400 micrograms/L for 11-nor-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (a cannabinoid metabolite). The detection limits and within- and between-assay precision were better than those provided by conventional FPIA. Analytical recoveries ranged between 97.5% for d,l-amphetamine and 102.4% for the cannabinoid metabolite. The results for the three analytes were consistent with those obtained by conventional FPIA.
Molecular Cloning of the cDNA Encoding pp36, a Tyrosine-phosphorylated Adaptor Protein Selectively Expressed by T Cells and Natural Killer Cells (1998)

Activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp36 and to its association with several signaling molecules, including phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Grb2. Microsequencing of peptides derived from purified rat pp36 protein led to the cloning, in rat and man, of cDNA encoding a T- and NK cell-specific protein with several putative Src homology 2 domain-binding motifs. A rabbit antiserum directed against a peptide sequence from the cloned rat molecule recognized tyrosine phosphorylated pp36 from pervanadate-treated rat thymocytes. When expressed in 293T human fibroblast cells and tyrosine-phosphorylated, pp36 associated with phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Grb2. Studies with GST-Grb2 fusion proteins demonstrated that the association was specific for the Src homology 2 domain of Grb-2. Molecular cloning of the gene encoding pp36 should facilitate studies examining the role of this adaptor protein in proximal signaling events during T and NK cell activation.
Separation of Racemic Bicalutamide by an Optimized Combination of Continuous Chromatography and Selective Crystallization (2011)

A racemic mixture of bicalutamide, a drug substance used in the treatment of prostate cancer, was separated by simulated moving bed chromatography, with the objective of maximizing throughput at reduced outlet purity. The enriched extract stream was purified further by a crystallization process exploiting a shift in the eutectic composition. The optimal purity in between both process steps was identified. The separation scheme developed was validated on a scale of 600 g, and the results were compared to those of state-of-the art and discussed. The investigated scheme revealed a wide range of promising coupling conditions while showing superior productivities and enhanced process robustness.
Effects of Intermittent Administration of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone Augmentation in Rat Calvarium (2015)

These results indicate that the higher the dose of intermittent PTH administered, the greater the amount of bone formation beyond the skeletal envelop in the rat calvarium.
The load modeling and parameters identification for voltage stability analysis (2003)

The voltage stability of a power system is greatly effected by load characteristics. The more a proper load model is used, the more accurate the results of voltage stability analysis are. The essential problems in load modeling and parameters identification are discussed in detail in this paper. Based on the original data, the first-order induction motor model and its improved one are presented. The parameters of these two models are identified and their abilities to describe actual loads are also analyzed.
Partial Nephrectomy is Associated with Higher Risk of Relapse Compared with Radical Nephrectomy for Clinical Stage T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathologically Up Staged to T3a (2017)

In a subgroup of patients clinically staged T1 renal cell carcinoma will be pathologically up staged to T3a. Among these patients those who undergo partial nephrectomy appear to have inferior recurrence-free survival relative to those who undergo radical nephrectomy.
Heterocyclische 8π‐Systeme, 5. 1,3‐Thiazin‐Anionen (1975)

Abstract 1,3‐Thiazin‐Anionen 11 sind energiereiche heterocyclische 8π‐Elektronensysteme. sie können ausgehend von 2 H ‐, 4 H ‐ und 6 H ‐ 1,3‐Thiazinen 8 – 10 durch Einwirkung von starken Basen bei tiefen Temperaturen erzeugt werden, sie lagern sich jedoch wie die Thiepine unter Abspaltung von Schwefel rasch in Pyrrol‐Anionen 15 um. Die Schwefelabspaltung wird durch einen Überschuß an Base gefördert. Diese Reaktionen und die Produktverteilung bei der Deuterierung der Thiazin‐Anionen werden diskutiert.
Pinnacle polyethylene liner dissociation: a report of 3 cases (2018)

We describe 3 cases of DePuy Pinnacle polyethylene dissociations, their presentations, and treatment. A 34-year-old female with arthritis secondary to dysplasia, a 51-year-old male with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and a 57-year-old female with osteoarthritis were treated with total hip arthroplasty. Acute nontraumatic polyethylene liner dissociations occurred at 31, 42, and 2 months postoperatively. They were treated with component retention and modular femoral head and liner revision. The 51-year-old male subsequently developed a prosthetic joint infection requiring explant of his components. Although dissociation of polyethylene liners from the DePuy Pinnacle acetabular components is an uncommon complication, this problem may increase in prevalence with longer term follow-up, and vigilance is recommended.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide enhances the efficacy of cancer drugs. (2010)

Poor penetration of anticancer drugs into tumors can be an important factor limiting their efficacy. We studied mouse tumor models to show that a previously characterized tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD, increased vascular and tissue permeability in a tumor-specific and neuropilin-1-dependent manner, allowing coadministered drugs to penetrate into extravascular tumor tissue. Importantly, this effect did not require the drugs to be chemically conjugated to the peptide. Systemic injection with iRGD improved the therapeutic index of drugs of various compositions, including a small molecule (doxorubicin), nanoparticles (nab-paclitaxel and doxorubicin liposomes), and a monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab). Thus, coadministration of iRGD may be a valuable way to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs while reducing their side effects, a primary goal of cancer therapy research. PMID: 20378772 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA124427 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA124427-04 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA119414-05 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA104898 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA030199 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA104898-050002 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA30199 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA119335 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA119414 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 CA104898 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA124427 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA115410-04 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 CA119335-04 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA115410 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA119414 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA030199-19 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U54 CA119335 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA115410 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Optimal Integration of Disparate C37.118 PMUs in Wide-Area PSS With Electromagnetic Transients (2013)

The present paper investigates the effective application of phasor measurement units (PMUs) with different technologies and filtering dynamics to the design of wide-area power system stabilizer (WAPSS). Two frequency-adaptive PMU algorithms shown to exceed the C37.118 class-M requirements based on FIR- and Kalman-bandpass filtering are selected for study. Their sharp dynamic differences are characterized using accurate fourth-order transfer functions derived from step responses using system identification techniques. While FIR-based PMUs have no overshoot in their phase and amplitude step responses, the adaptive Kalman filter allows for better out-of-band interference rejection at the cost of a phase step response with overshoot and a higher computational burden. These PMUs are implemented in Simulink and then embedded in electro-magnetic transients (EMT) simulations to experiment the realistic WAPSS behavior with the discrete-time devices in the loop. It is shown that WAPSSs with optimized settings can improve the damping performance of EMT models of a test system and a simplified Hydro-Québec network including PMU filtering dynamics and transmission delays. However, WAPSSs based on EKF-PMUs yielded better performances, thanks to their shorter group delay compared with FIR-PMUs. PMU devices and algorithms meeting standard C37-118 can thus behave quite differently under stressed dynamics.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(aminophosphine)‐Nickel Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Alkylation of Allylic Acetates with Stabilized Nucleophiles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and fabrication of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) arrayed waveguide grating (2010)

We have designed, fabricated and characterized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with four-channel output for operation in the visible light wavelength range. The PDMS AWG was realized based on the single-mode PDMS rib waveguide. The device was designed for 1 nm channel spacing with the wavelength ranging from 639 to 644 nm. The measured insertion loss is 11.4 dB at the peak transmission spectrum and the adjacent crosstalk is less than -16 dB. The AWG device occupies an area of 7.5 × 15 mm(2). PDMS AWG has the potential for integration with microfluidics in a monolithic PDMS lab-on-a-chip device for visible light spectroscopy applications.
Exercise responsive genes measured in peripheral blood of women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and matched control subjects (2005)

These results highlight the potential use of an exercise challenge combined with microarray gene expression analysis in identifying gene ontologies associated with CFS.
Dietary fructans and lipid metabolism: building a bridge from the colon to the liver. (2001)

Several non digestible but fermentable dietary carbohydrates, besides their effect on the gastrointestinal tract, are also able to exert systemic effect, namely by modifying the metabolism of lipids. The present review aims at illustrating how specific fermentable carbohydrates, namely dietary fructans, escaping the hydrolysis by amylases or disaccharidases, highly fermented in the caeco-colon by gramnegative bacteria, are susceptible to influence fatty acid metabolism and lipemia in experimental animal models, but also in humans. By focusing on the effect of oligofructose or inulin, which are dietary fructans obtained from chicorey roots, we illustrate here that the hepatic metabolism of fatty acids seems to be a relevant goal of fructans. The panel of the putative mediators of the systemic effects of fructans are presented and discussed, and consist in either 1) modifications in glucose/insulin homeostasis 2) the end-products of colonic fermentation of fructans, reaching the liver by the portal vein and /or 3) intestinal hormones and /or 4) other nutrients availability.
Chiral α‐substituted α‐aryloxy acetic acids: Synthesis, absolute configuration, chemical resolution, and direct separation by hplc (1992)

Abstract Several α‐monoalkyl‐α‐aryloxyacetic acids have been synthesized and resolved into their optical antipodes; their absolute configuration was also established by chiroptical and chemical methods. The two enantiomers of a series of these compounds show opposite effects on skeletal muscle fibers chloride conductance. Therefore a HPLC procedure was developed for the direct determination of the optical purity of the antipodes before submitting them to biological tests. The chromatographic study was performed on DACH‐DNB chiral stationary phase which shows a remarkable enantioselectivity for the considered compounds as free acids, esters and amides under different conditions with essentially the same chiral mechanism of separation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress Release Drives Growth Transition of Quaterrylene Thin Films on SiO2 Surfaces (2009)

The growth process of quaterrylene thin films was examined by atomic force microscopy and in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD). Quaterrylene thin films on the SiO2 surface exhibit the Stranski−Krastanov (SK) growth mode; the films initially formed two-dimensional (2D) layers (<4 monolayers (ML)) followed by three-dimensional (3D) island growth. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurement revealed that the first few layers were subjected to compressive stress along the b axis of the unit cell, resulting in expansion of the a- and c-lattice constants. This result revealed that compressive stress generated in the 2D layers drives the change of the growth mode to 3D. An understanding of the transition mechanism in early growth has important implications for the improvement of carrier transport in organic field-effect transistors.
Flight Simulation Architecture for Tunnel-in-the-Sky Guidance and Synthetic Vision (2004)

This paper will focus on the practical incorporation of “tunnel-in-the-sky” and synthetic vision concepts from a flight simulation software perspective. Piloted, rotorcraft flight simulation analysis of these concepts has been an ongoing activity in the Boeing Flight Simulation Laboratory in Philadelphia. The theoretical basis and advantages in augmenting pilot situational awareness was well presented by Robert R. Wilkins. In this paper, the technical issues involving design architecture, visual perception and verification of these concepts will be addressed. Some of these issues include architecture optimization for future enhancements, tunnel correlation and conformality with out-the-window terrain, validation of pilot visual cues and integration of tunnel and synthetic vision concepts. Future work and directions will also be discussed, for both tunnel symbology-based guidance and synthetic vision situational awareness, in the context of practical realization in a rotorcraft flight simulation environment.
Artificial coordinating field based coordinating collision avoidance (2004)

Collision avoidance is a fundamental problem of multi-robot system. In this paper, we proposed a new and effective control algorithm for coordinating collision avoidance of multi-robots based on ACF. The main theoretical results and simulations are given.
GMPLS-based photonic multilayer router (Hikari router) architecture: an overview of traffic engineering and signaling technology (2002)

A new extended signaling and traffic engineering method for the GMPLS-based photonic and electrical multilayer router (Hikari router) is proposed. The method allows dynamic optical network management and photonic signal recovery, such as regeneration, reshaping, etc., to be realized adaptively. Wavelength conversion is also adaptive, which reduces network cost. Multilayer traffic engineering, which yields the dynamic cooperation of IP and photonic layers, is described to provide IP services cost effectively. To realize multilayer traffic engineering, we propose the OSPF extension, which advertises both the number of total wavelengths and the number of unused wavelengths, and the RSVP-TE extension, which minimizes the number of wavelength conversions needed. In addition, this paper proposes a heuristics-based multilayer topology design scheme that uses IP traffic measurements in a generalized multi-protocol label switch (GMPLS). The proposed scheme yields the optical label switch path (OLSP) network topology, that is, OLSP placement, that minimizes network cost, in response to fluctuations in IP traffic demand. In other words, the OLSP network topology is dynamically reconfigured to match IP traffic demand. Networks are reconfigured by the proposed scheme so as to utilize network resources in the most cost effective manner.
Wireless E-Jacket for Multiparameter Biophysical Monitoring and Telemedicine Applications (2006)

A widespread requirement exists for a low cost and reliable health monitor in the clinical as well as home environment. The e-jacket presented here is an example of a smart clothing system with multiple bioparameter acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry, body motion/tilt and skin temperature. The battery operated circuit has an integrated graphic liquid crystal display (LCD) screen and a 2.4 GHz wireless link. An RS232 interface provides a plug-in port for easy accessibility to remote telemedicine applications. The system incorporates an efficient ARM7 microcontroller to coordinate a list of software tasks with associated time stamp. Comfort analysis and reliability aspects have been carefully studied along with intelligent power conservation schemes. A low cost and reliable tele-medical network is proposed using an innovative e-textile solution.
Ulnar Neuropathy After Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy: A Case Report (2015)

Currently, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used for treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. We report a case of ulnar neuropathy secondary to the application of ESWT. A 48-year-old man was diagnosed with medial epicondylitis and underwent 2 sessions of ESWT. Immediately after the second session, he experienced paresthesia and weakness in the right hand. On physical examination, atrophy of the first dorsal interosseus and weakness of the abductor digiti minimi were observed. Electrophysiologic study demonstrated ulnar neuropathy at the elbow with severe partial axonotmesis. Our case report demonstrates that ESWT might cause or contribute to peripheral nerve injury at the site of application.