gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Measurement of State of Charge in Vanadium Flow Batteries with an Analytical Model of VIV-VVAbsorbance (2015)

The ultraviolet-visible spectra of catholytes for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) were measured and analyzed for a range of VIV:VV ratios and vanadium concentrations. Using a model of V2O33+ in equilibrium with VO2+ and VO2+, the spectra were characterized in terms of an excess absorbance parameter p and the molar extinction coefficients ɛ4 and ɛ5 of VO2+ and VO2+, respectively. The results showed that p varies weakly with the vanadium concentration C and this variation was quantified relative to a reference concentration Cr by means of a concentration coefficient ϕr. Experimental data showed that plots of ϕr versus Cϕr and plots of 1/ϕr versus C are linear and, based on this linearity, ϕr was expressed as a simple function of C in terms of its reference concentration Cr and a single parameter M that is independent of the choice of Cr. Standard spectra of p at a concentration C0 = 1 mol dm−3 and of ɛ4 and ɛ5 were generated from which the spectrum of any catholyte may be simulated using the measured value of M in a governing equation. This enables determination of the state of charge for any VFB catholyte using absorbance measurements at a small number of wavelengths.
Was ist der Tod? — Können wir wissen, wann der Mensch tot ist? (1997)

In unterschiedlicher Sicht ist über den Tod zu reden. Den Tod, der uns selbst betrifft, erleben wir nicht. »Der Tod ist kein Ereignis des Lebens,« wird gesagt, zum Beispiel von Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951). Und doch erleben wir nichts so gravierend wie den Tod, indem wir an ihn denken und ihn befürchten. Er prägt auch das Leben. Und so bewahrheitet sich — wo man genügend unscharf mit dem Begriff umgeht — scheinbar Gegensätzliches, wenngleich es doch nur um unterschiedliche Hinsichten geht.
Characterization by Mutagenesis of Heme Binding Pocket Interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) (2010)

The DUOX members of the NOX protein family, which are found throughout eukaryotic species, including Caenorhabditis elegans and sea urchins, have garnered much attention for their unique N‐terminal peroxidase‐like domain(s) and their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide. Two highly conserved DUOX isoforms are encoded in the C. elegans genome; CeDUOX1/BLI‐3 and CeDUOX2. RNAi experiments in C. elegans to knock out the expression of nematode DUOX1 have found that this protein participates in the biogenesis of the nematode cuticle through formation of di‐ and trityrosine linkages. Peroxidases, including mammalian peroxidases and ovoperoxidases, have been identified as enzymes capable of catalyzing such cross‐linking in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. However, the absence of key active site residues within the N‐terminal domain of DUOX(s) makes their heme binding and catalytic activity uncertain. To further characterize the function and mechanism of action of the DUOX peroxidase‐like domain, the N‐terminal region of C. elegans DUOX1 was expressed and purified from a baculovirus system. Evaluation of this protein demonstrated that it binds heme covalently and exhibits a modest peroxidase activity. Mutation studies of this protein conducted to investigate the role of residues interacting with the co‐factor in the heme binding pocket will be presented. This work was partially supported by NIH Grant GM32488.
Limits of on/off hierarchical product models for data transmission (2003)

A hierarchical product model seeks to model network traffic as a product of independent on/off processes. Previous studies have assumed a Markovian structure for component processes amounting to assuming that exponential distributions govern on and off periods, but this is not in good agreement with traffic measurements. However, if the number of factor processes grows and input rates are stabilized by allowing the on period distribution to change suitably, a limiting on/off process can be obtained which has exponentially distributed on periods and whose off periods are equal in distribution to the busy period of an $M/G/\infty$ queue. We give a fairly complete study of the possible limits of the product process as the number of factors grows and offer various characterizations of the approximating processes. We also study the dependence structure of the approximations.
Inside the Crawling T Cell: Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Cross-Linking Is Associated with Microtubule-Directed Translocation of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes β(I) and δ (1998)

Abstract T cells activated via integrin receptors can polarize and start crawling locomotion with repeated cycles of cytoskeletal reassembly processes, many of which depend on phosphorylation. We demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC) activation represents an essential event in induction of active T cell motility. We find that in crawling T cells triggered via cross-linking of integrin LFA-1 two PKC isoenzymes, β(I) and δ, are targeted to the cytoskeleton with specific localization corresponding to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and microtubules, as detected by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Clustering of LFA-1 associated with its signaling function also occurs at the membrane sites adjacent to the MTOC. We further show that cells of a PKC-β-deficient clone derived from parental PKC-β-expressing T cell line can neither crawl nor develop a polarized microtubule array upon integrin cross-linking. However, their adhesion and formation of actin-based pseudopodia remain unaffected. Our data demonstrate the critical importance of the microtubule cytoskeleton in T cell locomotion and suggest a novel microtubule-directed intracellular signaling pathway mediated by integrins and involving two distinctive PKC isoforms.
The clinical correlates of articular cartilage defects in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study (2005)

Articular cartilage defects are associated with disease severity in knee OA and predict patellar cartilage loss and knee replacement.
Hot-Spot Avoidance With Multi-Pathing Over InfiniBand: An MPI Perspective (2007)

Large scale InfiniBand clusters are becoming increasingly popular, as reflected by the TOP 500 supercomputer rankings. At the same time, fat tree has become a popular interconnection topology for these clusters, since it allows multiple paths to be available in between a pair of nodes. However, even with fat tree, hot-spots may occur in the network depending upon the route configuration between end nodes and communication pattern(s) in the application. To make matters worse, the deterministic routing nature of InfiniBand limits the application from effective use of multiple paths transparently and avoid the hot-spots in the network. Simulation based studies for switches and adapters to implement congestion control have been proposed in the literature. However, these studies have focussed on providing congestion control for the communication path, and not on utilizing multiple paths in the network for hot-spot avoidance. In this paper, we design an MPI functionality, which provides hot-spot avoidance for different communications, without a priori knowledge of the pattern. We leverage LMC (LID mask count) mechanism of InfiniBand to create multiple paths in the network and present the design issues (scheduling policies, selecting number of paths, scalability aspects) of our design. We implement our design and evaluate it with Pallas collective communication and MPI applications. On an InfiniBand cluster with 48 processes, MPI All-to-all personalized shows an improvement of 27%. Our evaluation with NAS parallel benchmarks on 64 processes shows significant improvement in execution time with this functionality.
Improved metrology of implant lines on static images of textured silicon wafers using line integral method (2015)

In solar wafer manufacturing processes, the measurement of implant mask wearing over time is important to maintain the quality of wafers and the overall yield. Mask wearing can be estimated by measuring the width of lines implanted by it on the substrate. Previous methods, which propose image analysis methods to detect and measure these lines, have been shown to perform well on polished wafers. Although it is easier to capture images of textured wafers, the contrast between the foreground and background is extremely low. In this paper, an improved technique to detect and measure implant line widths on textured solar wafers is proposed. As a pre-processing step, a fast non-local means method is used to denoise the image due to the presence of repeated patterns of textured lines in the image. Following image enhancement, the previously proposed line integral method is used to extract the position of each line in the image. Full- Width One-Third maximum approximation is then used to estimate the line widths in pixel units. The conversion of these widths into real-world metric units is done using a photogrammetric approach involving the Sampling Distance. The proposed technique is evaluated using real images of textured wafers and compared with the state-of-the-art using identical synthetic images, to which varying amounts of noise was added. Precision, recall and F-measure values are calculated to benchmark the proposed technique. The proposed method is found to be more robust to noise, with critical SNR value reduced by 10dB in comparison to the existing method.
Understanding the difference between gout, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (2012)

The most common types of arthritis are gout, osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
A Surface Force, Light Scattering, and Osmotic Pressure Study of Semidilute Aqueous Solutions of Ethyl(hydroxyethyl)celluloseLong-Range Attractive Force between Two Polymer-Coated Surfaces (1998)

Semidilute (above the overlap concentration, c*) aqueous solutions of ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) as a function of concentration were investigated with the surface force apparatus (SFA), and by static light scattering (SLS) and osmotic pressure measurements. The anomalous excess in scattering intensity observed in SLS experiments at small angles indicates concentration inhomogeneities in the samples, probably as a result of association of the EHEC chains. The light scattering and osmotic pressure results show that EHEC in aqueous soluttion does not behave as expected for a polymer in a good solvent. The results from the SFA experiments show that EHEC adsorbs strongly on mica. These adsorbed layers give rise to a short-range steric repulsion when the two EHEC-coated mica surfaces are brought into close contact. The most remarkable result, however, is the very long-range attractive force observed at larger surface separations. This attractive force features oscillations with a periodicity that decreases when the polymer concentration increases. The periodicity corresponded to the mesh network size determined by SLS. To our knowledge, this type of long-range attraction has not previously been reported. The origin of the force could not be explained in terms of bridging or classical depletion effects. Rather, this long-range attraction might be induced by segregation of different polymer fractions, with different surface activities, present in the EHEC solutions.
Structure Activity Relationship of Parathyroid Hormone Separation of the Hypotensive and the Hypercalcemic Properties* (1983)

The present study was conducted to show that the hypercalcemic and the vascular relaxing activities of PTH are two separable properties. During the hypotensive action of the synthetic fragment bovine (b) PTH-(1-34), plasma calcium levels were not significantly changed. Mild oxidation with hydrogen peroxide abolished the hypotensive and hypercalcemic actions of bPTH-(1-84). However, the same treatment on bPTH-(1-34) abolished only the hypotensive and not the hypercalcemic action. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed only the oxidation of the methionines to methionine sulfoxides. The other amino acids remained unchanged. In addition, the analog with methionines replaced by norleucine, [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34), was active in all the vascular assays, and these activities were unaffected by hydrogen peroxide treatment of the molecule. Perhaps the methionine sulfoxides in the hydrogen peroxide-treated bPTH-(1-34) affected the changes of the molecule in such a manner that the part of the molecule for the vascular action but not that for the hypercalcemic action was no longer accessible to the receptors of the target organs. The hypotensive pentapeptide, bPTH-(24-28), was not active in the hypercalcemic assay. All these data are consistent with our hypothesis that the vascular relaxing and the hypercalcemic actions of PTH are two separate properties of the molecule.
Evaluation of resist models for fast optical proximity correction (1997)

One of the most prominent process non-linearities, which are summarized under 'proximity effects' is line-shortening. Line- shortening is poorly modeled by phenomenological lithography simulation -- even when resist models are used, which deliver reasonable results for process windows and resist edge profiles. So the challenge for a simulation-based OPC tool is not only the required speed, but also a lack in thoroughly understanding the processes involved. The OPC tool OPTISSIMO describes optical pattern transfer primarily by simulation of the aerial image according to a phenomenological model. Differences from the actual measured dimensions (either after resist processing or after etching) are described as corrections to the aerial image simulation results. These corrections are fitted by an empirical model. We show in this paper, that this model is not only able to explain the linewidth changes due to proximity effects, but also to describe line-shortening effects with reasonable accuracy. Further we show, that using a 'hammerhead design approach' (a rectangle placed over the end of each line) is a very effective way to compensate line-shortening This technique does not require an increase of resolution at mask fabrication and increases the data volume of the corrected design only moderately. Therefore, the addition of hammerheads to the line-mode of OPTISSIMO is a very promising method to perform OPC at full-chip designs and with available mask manufacturing techniques.
Role of IGF-I and the TNFα/NF-κB pathway in the induction of muscle atrogenes by acute inflammation (2012)

Several catabolic states (sepsis, cancer, etc.) associated with acute inflammation are characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle due to accelerated proteolysis. The main proteolytic systems involved are the autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) pathways. Among the signaling pathways that could mediate proteolysis induced by acute inflammation, the transcription factor NF-κB, induced by TNFα, and the transcription factor forkhead box O (FOXO), induced by glucocorticoids (GC) and inhibited by IGF-I, are likely to play a key role. The aim of this study was to identify the nature of the molecular mediators responsible for the induction of these muscle proteolytic systems in response to acute inflammation caused by LPS injection. LPS injection robustly stimulated the expression of several components of the autophagy and the UPS pathways in the skeletal muscle. This induction was associated with a rapid increase of circulating levels of TNFα together with a muscular activation of NF-κB followed by a decrease in circulating and muscle levels of IGF-I. Neither restoration of circulating IGF-I nor restoration of muscle IGF-I levels prevented the activation of autophagy and UPS genes by LPS. The inhibition of TNFα production and muscle NF-κB activation, respectively by using pentoxifilline and a repressor of NF-κB, did not prevent the activation of autophagy and UPS genes by LPS. Finally, inhibition of GC action with RU-486 blunted completely the activation of these atrogenes by LPS. In conclusion, we show that increased GC production plays a more crucial role than decreased IGF-I and increased TNFα/NF-κB pathway for the induction of the proteolytic systems caused by acute inflammation.
Cluster space collision avoidance for mobile two-robot systems (2009)

The cluster space state representation for multi-robot systems provides a simple means of specifying and monitoring the geometry and motion characteristics of a cluster of mobile robots. In previous work, this approach has been experimentally verified and validated for controlling the motion of mobile multi-robot systems ranging from land rovers to autonomous boats. In this paper we introduce a compact collision avoidance algorithm that operates at the level of the cluster, leading to coordinated translational and rotational motions that allow obstacles to be avoided while maintaining the relative geometry of the cluster. This paper formulates the potential-field based obstacle avoidance algorithm, describes its integration within the cluster space control architecture, and presents successful experimental results of its application to two simple, diverse multi-robot testbeds.
Novel Wear Testing Apparatus to Investigate the Reciprocating Sliding Wear in Sheet Metal Forming at Elevated Temperatures (2014)

Hot stamping has gained increasing importance in the last years due to the introduction of High Strength Steels (HSS) to improve the strength-to-mass ratio of stamped components. Despite the advantages in terms of load decrease, springback reduction and increased formability, the elevated temperatures the tools are subjected to may determine severe thermal mechanical cycling, increased oxidation and wear, which influence the tools service life and the quality of the produced parts. In addition, the frictional behaviour is also changing with temperature, thus affecting the performance of the forming operation itself. In this paper a novel experimental apparatus suitable for reciprocating sliding wear tests at elevated temperatures is presented. It consists of a linear sliding guideway connected to an electrical actuator and equipped with a heating plate to heat metal sheets. A solid frame embeds a screw device used to apply normal load. Thermocouples placed both on the plate and on sheet sample are used to control temperature during the test. The machine is also equipped with two load cells to record the normal and the tamgential loads. The 22MnB5 high strength steel was chosen as reference material for the machine testing. The results showed the capability of the new equipment and the good stability of the mechanical and thermal condition during testing.
Characteristic Examination of New Synchronous Motor that Composes Craw Teeth of Soft Magnetic Composite (2006)

We examined the claw type teeth motor as one application of the soft magnetic composite to a motor core. In order to understand quantitatively the characteristics of the claw type teeth motor, we used the 3-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis to predict its characteristics in advance and manufactured a trial motor to estimate it. And we examined the advantages of the claw type teeth motor comparing with a conventional slot type motor. The results are: 1. By using the 3-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis, it is able to estimate with high accuracy the characteristics of the 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous claw type teeth motor having a core composed of the soft magnetic composite. 2. The claw type teeth motor is able to achieve about 20% higher output than a conventional slot type motor having an electromagnetic steel core, while both volumes are equal. 3. The motor efficiency of the claw type teeth motor is about 3.5% higher than the conventional motor.
Bis(μ 5 ‐Organophosphonato‐O, O′, O″)‐Penta‐μ‐Oxo‐Pentakis(Dioxomolybdates,‐Tungstates)‐(4—) (Pentametallobisphosphonates) (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Pentamolybdobis(phosphonate) Pentamolybdobis(methy1phosphonate) Pentamolybdobis(ethy1phosphonate) Pentamolybdobis(pheny1phosphonate) Pentamolybdobis[(Zaminoethyl)phosphonate] Pentamolybdobis[(p-aminobenzyl)phosphonate] Pentatungstobis(pheny1phosphonate)
Polystyrene grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

Oxidised, multi-walled, carbon nanotubes can be grafted with polystyrene molecules using an situ radical polymerisation reaction, thereby dramatically modifying their solubility and their suitability for nanocomposite applications.
Gate-All-Around (GAA) Twin Silicon Nanowire MOSFET (TSNWFET) with 15 nm Length Gate and 4 nm Radius Nanowires (2006)

GAA TSNWFET with 15 nm gate length and 4 nm radius nanowires is demonstrated and shows excellent short channel immunity. p-TSNWFET shows high driving current of 1.94 mA/mum while n-TSNWFET shows on-current of 1.44 mA/mum. Merits of TSNWFET and performance enhancement of p-TSNWFET are explored using 3D and quantum simulation
Communication Acoustics: An Introduction to Speech, Audio and Psychoacoustics (2015)

In communication acoustics, the communication channel consists of a sound source, a channel (acoustic and/or electric) and finally the receiver: the human auditory system, a complex and intricate system that shapes the way sound is heard. Thus, when developing techniques in communication acoustics, such as in speech, audio and aided hearing, it is important to understand the time–frequency–space resolution of hearing.

This book facilitates the reader’s understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology.
Flying radio frequency undulator (2014)

A concept for the room-temperature rf undulator, designed to produce coherent X-ray radiation by means of a relatively low-energy electron beam and pulsed mm-wavelength radiation, is proposed. The “flying” undulator is a high-power short rf pulse co-propagating together with a relativistic electron bunch in a helically corrugated waveguide. The electrons wiggle in the rf field of the −1st spatial harmonic with the phase velocity directed in the opposite direction in respect to the bunch velocity, so that particles can irradiate high-frequency Compton's photons. A high group velocity (close to the speed of light) ensures long cooperative motion of the particles and the co-propagating rf pulse.
Flexible Spectrum Control and Receiver Performance Improvement Technologies for B3G Wireless Systems (2006)

This paper will discuss trend and our views on the flexible spectrum control and receiver performance improvement technologies as a part of capacity maximization technologies for beyond third generation (B3G) systems. First of all, we will discuss dynamic spectrum control techniques that can minimize intra- and inter-system interference for both multi-carrier (MC) and single-carrier (SC) systems, thereby maximizing upper-limit of channel capacity. We will also discuss receiver performance improvement strategies as a part of capacity maximization technologies for MC and SC systems, especially joint operation of the adaptive equalizer and decoder using EXIT chart analysis for MC and SC systems
The asymptotic local approach to change detection and model validation (1987)

We present a systematic approach for the design of change detection and model validation algorithms for dynamical systems. We show how to associate to any identification algorithm a change detection and a model validation procedure, which are optimal in some asymptotic sense. The foundations of our method go back to the asymptotic local approach in statistics, and our method generalizes this approach.