gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quicklime application instantly increases soil aggregate stability (2016)

Abstract Agricultural intensification, especially enhanced mechanisation of soil management, can lead to the deterioration of soil structure and to compaction. A possible amelioration strategy is the application of (structural) lime. In this study, we tested the effect of two different liming materials, ie limestone (CaCO 3 ) and quicklime (CaO), on soil aggregate stability in a 3-month greenhouse pot experiment with three agricultural soils. The liming materials were applied in the form of pulverised additives at a rate of 2 000 kg ha −1 . Our results show a significant and instantaneous increase of stable aggregates after quicklime application whereas no effects were observed for limestone. Quicklime application seems to improve aggregate stability more efficiently in soils with high clay content and cation exchange capacity. In conclusion, quicklime application may be a feasible strategy for rapid improvement of aggregate stability of fine textured agricultural soils.
Blast-Induced Axonal Degeneration In The Rat Cerebellum In The Absence of Head Movement (2021)

Abstract Blast exposure can injure brain by multiple mechanisms, and injury attributable to direct effects of the blast wave itself have been difficult to distinguish from that caused by rapid head displacement and other secondary processes. To resolve this issue, we used a rat model of blast exposure in which head movement was either strictly prevented or permitted in the lateral plane. Blast was found to produce axonal injury even with strict prevention of head movement. This axonal injury was restricted to the cerebellum, with the exception of injury in visual tracts secondary to ocular trauma. The cerebellar axonal injury was increased in rats in which blast-induced head movement was permitted, but the pattern of injury was unchanged. These findings support the contentions that blast per se, independent of head movement, is sufficient to induce axonal injury, and that axons in cerebellar white matter are particularly vulnerable to direct blast - induced injury.
Attention on Abstract Visual Reasoning (2019)

Attention mechanisms have been boosting the performance of deep learning models on a wide range of applications, ranging from speech understanding to program induction. However, despite experiments from psychology which suggest that attention plays an essential role in visual reasoning, the full potential of attention mechanisms has so far not been explored to solve abstract cognitive tasks on image data. In this work, we propose a hybrid network architecture, grounded on self-attention and relational reasoning. We call this new model Attention Relation Network (ARNe). ARNe combines features from the recently introduced Transformer and the Wild Relation Network (WReN). We test ARNe on the Procedurally Generated Matrices (PGMs) datasets for abstract visual reasoning. ARNe excels the WReN model on this task by 11.28 ppt. Relational concepts between objects are efficiently learned demanding only 35% of the training samples to surpass reported accuracy of the base line model. Our proposed hybrid model, represents an alternative on learning abstract relations using self-attention and demonstrates that the Transformer network is also well suited for abstract visual reasoning.
ChemInform Abstract: Schoellkopf Oxazole Synthesis (2012)

Abstract Review: 64 refs.
Non-invasive assessment of coronary flow reserve in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic correlations (2004)

Pts with DCMP have lower CFR compared to controls. This blunted CFR is due to higher baseline coronary flow and reflects higher wall stress. The close relation between CFR and EF, PCWP and LVEDP suggests that not only a higher baseline Vd but also compressive forces due to left ventricular dysfunction might be responsible for the observed blunted adenosine-mediated coronary vasodilation.
Variability in sampling of cortex-wide neural dynamics explains individual differences in functional connectivity and behavioral phenotype (2022)

Abstract Individual differences in behavior are associated with changes in the correlation of neural activity between brain areas. Such differences in ‘functional connectivity’ are thought to reflect individual differences in brain structure that alter the flow of neural activity between regions. Here, in contrast, we show that individual differences in functional connectivity and behavior can be explained by differences in how frequently an individual expresses distinct cortex-wide spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity. This suggests variability in sampling of cortex-wide neural dynamics may underlie individuals’ unique behavioral phenotypes.
High Active Material Loading in All‐Solid‐State Battery Electrode via Particle Size Optimization (2019)

Abstract Low active material loading in the composite electrode of all‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) is one of the main reasons for the low energy density in current SSBs. In this work, it is demonstrated with both modeling and experiments that in the regime of high cathode loading, the utilization of cathode material in the solid‐state composite is highly dependent on the particle size ratio of the cathode to the solid‐state conductor. The modeling, confirmed by experimental data, shows that higher cathode loading and therefore an increased energy density can be achieved by increasing the ratio of the cathode to conductor particle size. These results are consistent with ionic percolation being the limiting factor in cold‐pressed solid‐state cathode materials and provide specific guidelines on how to improve the energy density of composite cathodes for solid‐state batteries. By reducing solid electrolyte particle size and increasing the cathode active material particle size, over 50 vol% cathode active material loading with high cathode utilization is able to be experimentally achieved, demonstrating that a commercially‐relevant, energy‐dense cathode composite is achievable through simple mixing and pressing method.
Comminuted Displaced Colles' Fractures: Treatment with Intramedullary Methylmethacrylate Stabilisation (1983)

Four women aged 87, 77, 74 and 69 years with severely comminuted, displaced and intraarticular Colles' fractures of the dominant hand, where conservative treatment had failed, were treated by use of intramedullary methylmethacrylate stabilisation in order to retain optimal anatomical position of the fracture. The patients were followed by serial clinical, radiological and 99Technetium-scintimetrical examinations for at least 1 year. Normal mobility of the wrist and power of the grip was obtained within 6 weeks postsurgery in all patients. Radiological cortical bone healing occurred within normal time and scintimetrically the fractures was healed within 6 weeks. No secondary displacement of the fractures occurred. It was concluded that this method might be considered in the treatment of certain severely comminuted and unstable Colles' fractures as it seem to offer a quick rehabilitation and so far no late problems.
Microstructural Evolution of Thick Tungsten Deposit Manufactured by Atmospheric Plasma Spray Forming Route (2009)

Plasma spray forming is recently explored as a near-net-shape fabrication route for ultra-high temperature metals and ceramics. In this study, monolithic tungsten has been produced using an atmospheric plasma spray forming and subsequent high temperature sintering. The spray-formed tungsten preform from different processing parameters has been evaluated in terms of metallurgical aspects, such as density, oxygen content and hardness. A well-defined lamellae structure was formed in the as-sprayed deposit by spreading of completely molten droplets, with incorporating small amounts of unmelted/partially-melted particles. Plasma sprayed tungsten deposit had 84-87% theoretical density and 0.2-0.3 wt.% oxygen content. Subsequent sintering at 2500<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> promoted the formation of equiaxed grain structure and the production of dense preform up to 98% theoretical density.
Genetic and molecular analysis of genes required for axon outgrowth in Caenorhabditis elegans (1993)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1993.
Filtrated Spectral Algebraic Subspace Clustering (2015)

Algebraic Subspace Clustering (ASC) is a simple and elegant method based on polynomial fitting and differentiation for clustering noiseless data drawn from an arbitrary union of subspaces. In practice, however, ASC is limited to equi-dimensional subspaces because the estimation of the subspace dimension via algebraic methods is sensitive to noise. This paper proposes a new ASC algorithm that can handle noisy data drawn from subspaces of arbitrary dimensions. The key ideas are (1) to construct, at each point, a decreasing sequence of subspaces containing the subspace passing through that point; (2) to use the distances from any other point to each subspace in the sequence to construct a subspace clustering affinity, which is superior to alternative affinities both in theory and in practice. Experiments on the Hopkins 155 dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method with respect to sparse and low rank subspace clustering methods.
ESTIMATING STELLAR RADIAL VELOCITY VARIABILITY FROMKEPLERANDGALEX: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RADIAL VELOCITY CONFIRMATION OF EXOPLANETS (2013)

We cross-match the GALEX and Kepler surveys to create a unique dataset with both ultraviolet (UV) measurements and highly precise photometric variability measurements in the visible light spectrum. As stellar activity is driven by magnetic field modulations, we have used UV emission from the magnetically heated gas in the stellar atmosphere to serve as our proxy for the more well-known stellar activity indicator, R'HK. The R'HK approximations were in turn used to estimate the level of astrophysical noise expected in radial velocity (RV) measurements and these were then searched for correlations with photometric variability. We find significant scatter in our attempts to estimate RV noise for magnetically active stars, which we attribute to variations in the phase and strength of the stellar magnetic cycle that drives the activity of these targets. However, for stars we deem to be magnetically quiet, we do find a clear correlation between photometric variability and estimated levels of RV noise (with variability up to ~ 10 m/s). We conclude, that for these quiet stars, we can use photometric measurements as a proxy to estimate the RV noise expected. As a result, the procedure outlined in this paper may help select targets best-suited for RV follow-up necessary for planet confirmation.
Oscillation Feature of Planar Spin-Torque Oscillator for Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2010)

The mechanism of oscillation or magnetization rotation of a field generation layer (FGL) in a spin torque oscillator (STO) under the large gap field between main pole and trailing shield for microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) was investigated using an analytical model. The following results were obtained. The oscillation frequency at the maximum magnetic field output is decided by the vertical component of the magnetic field from the main pole. When there is a strong external magnetic field, it is difficult to restrain the FGL magnetization in the plane of FGL and the oscillation becomes unstable. A FGL with zero (or positive) anisotropy will not be suitable for use in the strong external magnetic field because it will not oscillate properly. It can be expected that the spin torque oscillator with a planar FGL with negative perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropic material is likely to be suitable for MAMR.
Biomechanical dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infections (2022)

Abstract Older people have been disproportionately vulnerable to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with an increased risk of severe complications and death compared to other age groups. A mix of underlying factors has been speculated to give rise to this differential infection outcome, including changes in lung physiology, weakened immunity, and severe immune response. Our study focuses on the impact of biomechanical changes in lungs that occur as individuals age, i.e. , the stiffening of the lung parenchyma and increased matrix fiber density. We used hydrogels with an elastic modulus of 0.2 and 50 kPa and conventional tissue culture surfaces to investigate how infection rate changes with parenchymal tissue stiffness in lung epithelial cells challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein pseudotyped lentiviruses. Further, we employed electrospun fiber matrices to isolate the effect of matrix density. Given the recent data highlighting the importance of alternative virulent strains, we included both the native strain identified in early 2020 and an early S protein variant (D614G) that was shown to increase the viral infectivity markedly. Our results show that cells on softer and sparser scaffolds, closer resembling younger lungs, exhibit higher infection rates by the WT and D614G variant. This suggests that natural changes in lung biomechanics do not increase the propensity for SARS-CoV-2 infection and that other factors, such as a weaker immune system, may contribute to increased disease burden in the elderly.
Transcriptomic response of murine liver to severe injury and hemorrhagic shock: a dual-platform microarray analysis (2011)

Trauma-hemorrhagic shock (HS/T) is a complex process that elicits numerous molecular pathways. We hypothesized that a dual-platform microarray analysis of the liver, an organ that integrates immunology and metabolism, would reveal key pathways engaged following HS/T. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (n = 4/group), anesthetized, and surgically treated to simulate a time course and trauma severity model: 1) nonmanipulated animals, 2) minor trauma, 3) 1.5 h of hemorrhagic shock and severe trauma (HS/T), 4) 1.5 h HS/T followed by 1 h resuscitation (HS/T+1.0R), 5) 1.5 h HS/T followed by 4.5 h resuscitation (HS/T+4.5R). Liver RNA was hybridized to CodeLink and Affymetrix mouse whole genome microarray chips. Common genes with a cross-platform correlation >0.6 (2,353 genes in total) were clustered using k-means clustering, and clusters were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Genes involved in the stress response and immunoregulation were upregulated early and remained upregulated throughout the course of the experiment. Genes involved in cell death and inflammatory pathways were upregulated in a linear fashion with elapsed time and in severe injury compared with minor trauma. Three of the six clusters contained genes involved in metabolic function; these were downregulated with elapsed time. Transcripts involved in amino acid metabolism as well as signaling pathways associated with glucocorticoid receptors, IL-6, IL-10, and the acute phase response were elevated in a severity-dependent manner. This is the first study to examine the postinjury response using dual-platform microarray analysis, revealing responses that may enable novel therapies or diagnostics.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12 and IFN-γ (2007)

After intramammary infection, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) are the first cells recruited into the mammary gland. Rapid recruitment of and bacterial phagocytosis and killing by PMN are the most effective defenses against establishment of bacterial infection. In addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, PMN may play a key supportive role through secretion of cytokines during the innate immune response. We sought to determine whether bovine PMN produce cytokines in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effects of LPS on the expression of cytokines secreted by bovine PMN, we measured the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-gamma by ELISA after stimulation with different concentrations of LPS, and secretion of IL-8 after co-stimulation with LPS and either TNF-alpha or IL-1beta. Bovine PMN were shown to secrete TNF-alpha , IL-1beta, IL-12, IL-8 and IFN-gamma in response to LPS. Co-incubation of PMN with LPS and TNF-alpha increased secretion of IL-8 when compared to LPS alone. It was concluded that LPS stimulation up-regulates the secretion of cytokines by bovine PMN, and that co-incubation of LPS with TNF-alpha had an additive effect on the secretion of IL-8. These data show that bovine PMN, in addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, may play a supportive role in the innate immune response to infection by Gram-negative bacteria through their ability to produce immuno-regulating cytokines.
Molecular Biology Problem Solver: A Laboratory Guide (2001)

Preface. Contributors. Preparing for Success in the Laboratory (P. Franciskovich). Getting What You Need from a Supplier (T. Tyre & G. Krueger). The Preparation of Buffers and Other Solutions: A Chemist's Perspective (E. Pfannkoch). How to Properly Use and Maintain Laboratory Equipment (T. Troutman, et al.). Working Safely with Biological Samples (C. Haidaris & E. Brownlow). Working Safely with Radioactive Materials (W. Volny). DNA Purification (S. Herzer). RNA Purification (L. Martin, et al.). Restriction Endonucleases (D. Robinson, et al.). Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, and Polynucleotides (A. Gerstein). PCR (K. Aoyagi). Electrophoresis (M. Booz). Western Blotting (P. Riis). Nucleic Acid Hybridization (S. Herzer & D. Englert). E. coli Expression Systems (P. Bell). Eukaryotic Expression (J. Trill, et al.). Index.
Reduced Hepatic Stellate Cell Expression of Kruppel-Like Factor 6 Tumor Suppressor Isoforms Amplifies Fibrosis During Acute and Chronic Rodent Liver Injury (2012)

KLF6 reduces fibrogenic activity of HSCs by way of two distinct mechanisms, direct transcriptional repression of target fibrogenic genes and increased apoptosis of activated HSCs. These results suggest that following its initial induction, sustained down-regulation of KLF6 in liver injury may allow de-repression of fibrogenic genes and decreased stellate cell clearance by inhibiting apoptosis.
Successful Treatment of Massive Hemorrhage due to Cytomegalovirus Colitis by Angiographic Embolization in an Elderly Patient (2015)

Cytomegaloviurs (CMV) usually causes severe infection only in immunocompromised patients. However, in rare cases, gastrointestinal infection can occur in patients with normal immunity. Though most such patients recover spontaneously, major complications such as massive hemorrhage have also been reported. We report a case of massive hemorrhage in an immunocompetent elderly patient which was successfully treated with angiographic embolization.
Wideband cooperative localization via belief condensation (2011)

The combination of wideband transmission and cooperative techniques can enable accurate and reliable wireless localization. However, due to the nonlinear/non-Gaussian behavior in the system and measurement models, current cooperative localization algorithms either cannot capture such behavior or suffer from high computational complexity. In this paper, we establish a general framework for designing cooperative localization algorithms based on belief condensation (BC), which is an iterative process that accurately approximates the intractable distribution of nodes' positions arising in cooperation by amenable parametric ones. Our simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain high accuracies, approaching the theoretical benchmark, with an affordable complexity.
The murine β-globin locus control region regulates the rate of transcription but not the hyperacetylation of histones at the active genes (2001)

Locus control regions (LCRs) are defined by their ability to confer high-level tissue-specific expression to linked genes in transgenic assays. Previously, we reported that, at its native site, the murine beta-globin LCR is required for high-level beta-globin gene expression, but is not required to initiate an open chromatin conformation of the locus. To further investigate the mechanism of LCR-mediated transcriptional enhancement, we have analyzed allele-specific beta-globin expression and the pattern of histone acetylation in the presence and absence of the LCR. In single cells from mice heterozygous for a deletion of the LCR, beta-globin expression from the LCR-deleted allele is consistently low ( approximately 1-4% of wild type). Thus, the endogenous LCR enhances globin gene expression by increasing the rate of transcription from each linked allele rather than by increasing the probability of establishing transcription per se. Furthermore, in erythroid cells from mice homozygous for the highly expressing wild-type beta-globin locus, hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 is localized to the LCR and active genes. In mice homozygous for the LCR deletion reduced histone hyperacetylation is observed in LCR proximal sequences; however, deletion of the LCR has no effect on the localized hyperacetylation of the genes. Together, our results suggest that, in its native genomic context, the LCR follows the rate model of enhancer function, and that the developmentally specific hyperacetylation of the globin genes is independent of both the rate of transcription and the presence of the LCR.
GABAC Receptor Binding of Quantum-Dot Conjugates of Variable Ligand Valency (2010)

Highly fluorescent CdSe quantum dots (qdots) can serve as a platform for tethering multiple copies of a receptor-targeted ligand, affording study of how the level of multivalency affects receptor binding. We previously showed that qdots conjugated with long PEG chains terminated by muscimol, a known GABA(C) agonist, exhibit specific binding to the surface membrane of GABA(C) receptor-expressing Xenopus oocytes. The present report addresses the effect of varying the number, i.e., valency, of muscimol- (M-) terminated PEG chains attached to the qdot on binding of the resulting conjugate to GABA(C) receptors. M-PEG-qdots of differing muscimol valency were prepared by conjugating AMP-CdSe/ZnS qdots with muscimol-terminated and methylamine-terminated PEG chains in proportions designed to yield varying percentages of muscimol-terminated chains among the total approximately 150-200 chains bound to the qdot. The investigated valencies represented 0%, approximately 25%, approximately 50%, and 100% loading with muscimol (preparations termed M-PEG-qdot0, M-PEG-qdot25, M-PEG-qdot50, and M-PEG-qdot100, respectively. Binding of a given conjugate to surface membranes of GABA(C) receptor-expressing oocytes was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy following defined incubation with approximately 30 nM of the conjugate. With 5-20 min incubation, the fluorescence signal resulting from incubation with M-PEG-qdot25 exceeded, by approximately 6-fold, the fluorescence level obtained with M-PEG-qdot preparations that lacked muscimol-terminated chains (M-PEG-qdot0). M-PEG-qdot50 yielded a net signal roughly similar to that of M-PEG-qdot25, and that produced by M-PEG-qdot100 exceeded, by approximately 30-50%, those for M-PEG-qdot25 and M-PEG-qdot50. The time course of changes in oocyte surface membrane fluorescence resulting from the introduction of and removal of M-PEG-qdots in the medium bathing the oocyte indicated only a modest dependence of both binding and wash-out kinetics on muscimol valency. The results demonstrate a dependence of the binding activity of the M-PEG-qdot conjugates on muscimol valency, presumably reflecting higher GABA(C) avidity and/or affinity of the muscimol at high valency, and provide insight on the interactions of membrane receptor proteins with qdot conjugates containing multiple copies of a receptor-targeting ligand.
202 Evaluation of effects of water soluble keratin extracted from feather on tactile sensation of human hairs based on friction test (2011)

Evaluation of effects of water so uble keratin extracted from feather on tactile sensation of human hairs based on friction test