gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoprotegerin Abrogates Chronic Alcohol Ingestion-Induced Bone Loss in Mice (2002)

To investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on alcohol (ethanol)-mediated osteoporosis, we measured a variety of bone remodeling parameters in mice that were either on a control diet, an ethanol (5%) diet, or an ethanol (5%) diet plus OPG administration. OPG diminished the ethanol-induced (1) decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) as determined by dual-energy densitometry, (2) decrease in cancellous bone volume and trabecular width and the increase of osteoclast surface as determined by histomorphometry of the femur, (3) increase in urinary deoxypyridinolines (Dpd's) as determined by ELISA, and (4) increase in colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) formation and osteoclastogenesis as determined by ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures. Additionally, OPG diminished the ethanol-induced decrease of several osteoblastic parameters including osteoblast formation and osteoblast culture calcium retention. These findings were supported by histomorphometric indices in the distal femur. Taken together, these data show that OPG diminishes ethanol-induced bone loss. Furthermore, they suggest that OPG achieves this through its ability to abrogate ethanol-induced promotion of osteoclastogenesis and promote osteoblast proliferation.
Inversion of coherent surface scattering images via deep learning network (2021)

Coherent surface scattering imaging is a powerful tool for imaging a surface/interface of a thin nanostructure deposited on an opaque substrate. A mathematical conversion of an object image from a scattering pattern is essential for coherent surface scattering imaging to visualize structures of specimens. It has been achieved by using phase retrieval algorithms requiring oversampling in scattering patterns and employing alternating projection approaches. It is a computationally challenging and time-consuming process. In this paper, we demonstrate CSSI-NN, which is a deep learning neural network model to predict images of objects from scattering intensities in coherent surface scattering imaging. This model allowing for the instant outcome from scattering patterns would be tremendously beneficial not only for effective experiments but also for data analysis of phase retrieval.
Task-Adaptive Information Distribution for Dynamic Collaborative Emergency Response (2006)

Abstract — For emergency responders in crisis situations it is essential that they timely acquire all information critical to their task performance. Lack of adequate information hampers the decision-making process, the workflow as well as situational awareness, which consequently strongly influences a successful solution of the crisis. Studies have shown that in practice errors occur in accessing and sharing relevant information between collaborating individuals or organizations, leading to unnecessary, preventable errors and delays, that can cause more damage to the situation. This paper presents the Task-Adaptive Information Distribution (TAID) method. It consists of a system for adaptive information distribution that distributes relevant information to collaborating emergency responders and of an adaptive (simulated) workflow system (AWS) used to obtain knowledge of tasks and work processes. The system is trained on data from previous crisis management processes, using tools from Machine Learning. Results of experiments with data from a real incident indicate that this approach is promising. Using task knowledge significantly increases the quality of distributing relevant information so making collaborative response work much more effective. Index Terms — Collaborative emergency response, adaptive information distribution, workflow simulation, machine learning.
D-shape fiber with Mach Zehnder Long-Period Gratings for a High Resolution and Selective Sensor (2014)

The advantages of D-shape fiber in combination with an optical analog of Ramsey fringes using LPGs are presented. The mode-profiles of the sensor were characterized experimentally to provide deeper knowledge about improved functionality.
Turn prediction at generalized intersections (2015)

Navigating a car at intersections is one of the most challenging parts of urban driving. Successful navigation needs predicting of intention of other traffic participants at the intersection. Such prediction is an important component for both Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving (AD) Systems. In this paper, we present a driver intention prediction model for general intersections. Our model incorporates lane-level maps of an intersection and makes a prediction based on past position and movement of the vehicle. We create a real-world dataset of 375 turning tracks at a variety of intersections. We present turn prediction results based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). SVM and DBN models give higher accuracy compared to HMM models. We get over 90% turn prediction accuracy 1.6 seconds before the intersection. Our work advances the state of art in ADAS/AD systems with a turn prediction model for general intersections.
Improving downstream processing for viral vectors and viral vaccines (2015)

Viral vectors are playing an increasingly important role in the vaccine and gene therapy elds. The broad spectrum of potential applications, together with expanding medical markets, drives the e orts to improve the production processes for viral vaccines and viral vectors. Developing countries, in particular, are becoming the main vaccine market. It is thus critical to decrease the cost per dose, which is only achievable by improving the production process. In particular advances in the upstream processing have substantially increased bioreactor yields, shifting the bioprocess bottlenecks towards the downstream processing. The work presented in this thesis aimed to develop new processes for adenoviruses puri cation. The use of state-of-the-art technology combined with innovative continuous processes contributed to build robust and cost-e ective strategies for puri cation of complex biopharmaceuticals.(...)
Influence of antihypertensive drugs on aortic and coronary effects of Ang-(1-7) in pressure-overloaded rats (2017)

This study investigated the influence of antihypertensive drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs), voltage-gated L-type calcium channel blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), on the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] on aorta and coronary arteries from pressure-overloaded rats. Pressure overload was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AB). To evaluate the role of antihypertensive drugs on the effect of Ang-(1-7), AB male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were treated with vehicle or low doses (5 mg·kg-1·day-1, gavage) of losartan, captopril, amlodipine, or spironolactone. Isolated aortic rings and isolated perfused hearts under constant flow were used to evaluate the effect of Ang-(1-7) in thoracic aorta and coronary arteries, respectively. Ang-(1-7) induced a significant relaxation in the aorta of sham animals, but this effect was reduced in the aortas of AB rats. Chronic treatments with losartan, captopril or amlodipine, but not with spironolactone, restored the Ang-(1-7)-induced aorta relaxation in AB rats. The coronary vasodilatation evoked by Ang-(1-7) in sham rats was blunted in hypertrophic rats. Only the treatment with losartan restored the coronary vasodilatory effect of Ang-(1-7) in AB rat hearts. These data support a beneficial vascular effect of an association of Ang-(1-7) and some antihypertensive drugs. Thus, this association may have potential as a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
Alpha 1(E)-catenin is an actin-binding and -bundling protein mediating the attachment of F-actin to the membrane adhesion complex. (1995)

Calcium-dependent homotypic cell-cell adhesion, mediated by molecules such as E-cadherin, guides the establishment of classical epithelial cell polarity and contributes to the control of migration, growth, and differentiation. These actions involve additional proteins, including alpha- and beta-catenin (or plakoglobin) and p120, as well as linkage to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The molecular basis for these interactions and their hierarchy of interaction remain controversial. We demonstrate a direct interaction between F-actin and alpha (E)-catenin, an activity not shared by either the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin or beta-catenin. Sedimentation assays and direct visualization by transmission electron microscopy reveal that alpha 1(E)-catenin binds and bundles F-actin in vitro with micromolar affinity at a catenin/G-actin monomer ratio of approximately 1:7 (mol/mol). Recombinant human beta-catenin can simultaneously bind to the alpha-catenin/actin complex but does not bind actin directly. Recombinant fragments encompassing the amino-terminal 228 residues of alpha 1(E)-catenin or the carboxyl-terminal 447 residues individually bind actin in cosedimentation assays with reduced affinity compared with the full-length protein, and neither fragment bundles actin. Except for similarities to vinculin, neither region contains sequences homologous to established actin-binding proteins. Collectively these data indicate that alpha 1 (E)-catenin is a novel actin-binding and -bundling protein and support a model in which alpha 1(E)-catenin is responsible for organizing and tethering actin filaments at the zones of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Silatranyl‐ and 3,7,10‐Trimethylsilatranyloxiranes to Silatranylaldehydes and the Crystal Structure of Silatranylacetaldehyde. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystallographic orientation dependent maximum layer thickness of cubic AlN in CrN/AlN multilayers (2019)

Metastable rock-salt (face centered cubic, c-) AlN can be grown in CrN/AlN multilayers when the AlN layer is thin enough. Exceeding a certain critical thickness, the thermodynamically stable wurtzite (w) structure grows. In this work, a bilayer-period-gradient (21 repeated blocks, each consisting of 10 bilayers with AlN layer-thicknesses ranging from 1.0 nm to 10.0 nm), ∼2.0 μm-thick, reactively magnetron sputtered multilayer was characterized in detail with a spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM). The studies are complemented by DFT (density functional theory) calculations. The high resolution TEM (HRTEM) studies reveal that the <111> growth-orientation is not as effective as the <110> and <100> growth-orientations in stabilizing the metastable c-AlN. The critical thickness for the c-AlN layers (before the thermodynamically stable w-AlN forms) is around ∼2.0 nm for the <111> growth-orientation but reaches as high as 4.1 nm for both <110> and <100> growth-orientations. Contrary to the <111> orientation, in both <110> and <100> orientations several unusually highly mismatched c-CrN/w-AlN interface structures form as soon as w-AlN is present. DFT studies suggest that the larger critical thickness of the AlN layers in <100> and <110> orientation is allowed by the lower surface energy and higher cubic/wurtzite interfacial energy. The combination of HRTEM and DFT studies allows answering open questions on the impact of crystallographic orientations and interface structures, and also provides a better understanding on the growth mechanisms of c-AlN, necessary for the outstanding mechanical properties of AlN-containing multilayers.
Mechanisms controlling time measurement in plants and their significance in natural populations (2016)

Abstract Plants, in common with many other organisms, measure time across different scales. Such time measurement is essential for the adaptation of plants to a wide range of environments. This chapter describes several of the mechanisms by which plants measure the time of day and the time of year. The circadian clock and its significance in regulating thousands of genes that control daily rhythms contributing to a wide range of processes is described. How plants measure day length or the duration of winter cold to synchronize developmental decisions with the changing seasons is also discussed. Many of these processes have been deciphered in controlled environments in the laboratory, and finally it is considered how predictive these results have been for the variation that is found in nature to adapt plants to different environments.
Effect of nicotinamide on the phototest reaction in polymorphous light eruption (1988)

The effect of nicotinamide on the phototest response was investigated in 14 patients suffering from polymorphous light eruption (PMLE). In contrast to the favourable effect in the prevention of PMLE reported by other groups, oral nicotinamide did not affect the phototesting results in our patients.
Silicon Dioxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition from Silicon Tetraacetate (1989)

Silicon dioxide thin films were prepared by a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition method. The raw material was silicon tetraacetate which is nontoxic and easy to handle. At a reaction temperature above 150°C, the thin films were obtained with a high deposition rate. The reaction temperature and the deposition rate are comparable to the corresponding values in the chemical vapor depositions of SiO 2 from hydride and alkoxide. In addition, the deposition can be carried out in air. Silicon tetraacetate appears to offer a viable alternative to silicon hydride and alkoxide for low-temperature SiO 2 production.
Highly Selective Volatile Organic Compounds Breath Analysis Using a Broadly-Tunable Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (2017)

A broadly tunable mid-infrared vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) is employed in a direct absorption laser spectroscopic setup to measure breath acetone. The large wavelength coverage of more than 30 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 3.38 μm allows, in addition to acetone, the simultaneous measurement of isoprene, ethanol, methanol, methane, and water. Despite the severe spectral interferences from water and alcohols, an unambiguous determination of acetone is demonstrated with a precision of 13 ppbv that is achieved after 5 min averaging at typical breath mean acetone levels in synthetic gas samples mimicking human breath.
Carbon nanotube anions for the preparation of gold nanoparticle–nanocarbon hybrids (2015)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be evenly deposited on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via the reduction of the highly stable complex, chloro(triphenylphosphine) gold(I), with SWCNT anions ('nanotubides'). This methodology highlights the unusual chemistry of nanotubides and provides a blueprint for the generation of many other hybrid nanomaterials.
Laser beam induced current of photodiodes formed on vacancy-doped and As-doped HgCdTe (2009)

Laser beam induced current measurements were used to study photovoltaic arrays formed on Hg vacancy-doped and As-doped HgCdTe materials at temperatures of 300 K and 87 K. For As-doped sample, the great difference of the diffusion length at two different temperatures can be explained by the mixed conduction behavior at 87 K, and the peak-to-peak width has an expansion of 10 mum from 300 K to 87 K, which can be ascribed to the graded junction by ion implantation.
The future of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (2015)

Since the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) into clinical practice, the treatment of aortic stenosis has changed dramatically. In the past, medical therapy with or without balloon aortic valvuloplasty was the only option for inoperable patients. More recently, TAVI has become the treatment of choice for these patients and the preferred alternative for high-risk operable patients. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) currently remains the gold standard for patients at low or intermediate operative risk. As randomized trials have demonstrated comparable results between TAVI and SAVR in the high-risk population, there is now a clear trend towards performing TAVI even in intermediate-risk patients while awaiting the results of randomized trials in that population. Nevertheless, there are still questions regarding TAVI involving paravalvular leak (PVL), stroke, pacemaker requirements, and durability that remain to be more definitively answered before TAVI can routinely be performed in a broader, lower risk population. Improvements in patient selection, imaging, and second and third generation devices have decreased the incidence of PVLs and vascular complications that followed the earliest TAVI procedures, but the rates of perioperative stroke and permanent pacemaker implantation must still be addressed. Furthermore, the long-term durability of TAVI devices and a role for post-procedure antithrombotic management remain unanswered. Until these questions are more clearly answered, it is the Heart Team's task to determine the optimal treatment for each patient based on risk scores, frailty metrics, comorbidities, patient preference, and potential for improvement in quality of life.
Different Thermodynamic Binding Mechanisms and Peptide Fine Specificities Associated with a Panel of Structurally Similar High-Affinity T Cell Receptors (2008)

To understand the mechanisms that govern T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide MHC (pMHC) binding and the role that different regions of the TCR play in affinity and antigen specificity, we have studied the TCR from T cell clone 2C. High-affinity mutants of the 2C TCR that bind QL9-L(d) as a strong agonist were generated previously by site-directed mutagenesis of complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1beta, 2alpha, 3alpha, or 3beta. We performed isothermal titration calorimetry to assess whether they use similar thermodynamic mechanisms to achieve high affinity for QL9-L(d). Four of the five TCRs examined bound to QL9-L(d) in an enthalpically driven, entropically unfavorable manner. In contrast, the high-affinity CDR1beta mutant resembled the wild-type 2C TCR interaction, with favorable entropy. To assess fine specificity, we measured the binding and kinetics of these mutants for both QL9-L(d) and a single amino acid peptide variant of QL9, called QL9-Y5-L(d). While 2C and most of the mutants had equal or higher affinity for the Y5 variant than for QL9, mutant CDR1beta exhibited 8-fold lower affinity for Y5 compared to QL9. To examine possible structural correlates of the thermodynamic and fine specificity signatures of the TCRs, the structure of unliganded QL9-L(d) was solved and compared to structures of the 2C TCR/QL9-L(d) complex and three high-affinity TCR/QL9-L(d) complexes. Our findings show that the QL9-L(d) complex does not undergo major conformational changes upon binding. Thus, subtle changes in individual CDRs account for the diverse thermodynamic and kinetic binding mechanisms and for the different peptide fine specificities.
Total synthesis of (±)-picropodophyllone (1982)

Following model studies, the synthesis of (±)-picropodophyllone was completed by first cyclopropanating the appropriate chalcone (11) with ethoxycarbonyl dimethylsulphonium methylide. Treatment of the resulting cyclopropyl ketone with stannic chloride in either benzene or methylene chloride failed but in nitromethane the tetralone (1Oa) was formed. The lactose ring was completed using formaldehyde with an overall yield based on chalcone of 40%.
Built-Up-Edge Formation in Micromilling (2015)

This paper presents experimental study on conditions for built-up-edge (BUE) formation and its effects in micromilling. Surface finish and BUE area density on a micromilled surface are used to quantify the presence of BUE. A model for surface finish is derived based on the topography of milled surface and tool geometry. Assuming no BUE formation, this empirical model shows the dependence of surface finish on chip load, tool concavity angle, and includes the effect of cutting parameters and milling modes (up-milling or down-milling). Micromilling tools of 100–400 μm diameters are used for milling stainless steel at 10–60 m/min cutting speed, 0.05–1 μm/flute chip load, in minimum quality lubrication condition (MQL). A BUE, embedded onto either a milled surface or tool cutting edge or chip, is identified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques; the severity of BUE formation is quantified as area density when observing a machined surface at high magnification with optical microscopy or interferometry. Condition for BUE formation is presented by mapping the surface finish and BUE area density against cutting speed and chip load. A microtool would fracture catastrophically at high cutting speeds and/or high chip loads due to excessive dynamic stresses on a microtool; such tool would also fail at the other extreme when low cutting speeds and chip loads promote formation and detachment of BUE on the tool surface, therefore, chipping the fragile microcutting edges of a microtool. There is an optimal zone for effective micromilling without tool failure and BUEs. The measured surface finish approaches the theoretical value when BUE is absent, i.e. micromilling in minimum quantity lubrication at cutting speed between 40–60 m/min and chip load higher than 0.15μm/tooth. The BUE area density for up-milling is lower than that for down-milling at low cutting speed; such difference gradually diminishes when selecting milling parameters in the optimal zone where BUE is practically absent.
Spin Transfer Switching in sub-100nm Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2006)

When injected spin polarized electrons interact with the magnetic moment of a free layer, their angular momentum becomes transferred to the free layer. If sufficient current is applied, the exerted torque switches the free layer either parallel or anti-parallel to the pinned layer depending on the direction of flow of the current. This type of localized current switching is attractive for an MRAM application. This paper focuses on the fabrication and characterization of sub-100nm spin-transfer switching devices. These fabricated tunnel junctions were characterized at room temperature with a quasi-static electrical measurement setup.