gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permittivity and Loss Characterization of SUEX Epoxy Films for mmW and THz Applications (2018)

We present a systematic characterization of the dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of SUEX dry films for mmW and THz bands. Green and cured SUEX samples of varying thicknesses were studied using two complementary measurement techniques. First, the Nicolson-Ross-Weir technique was used in a two-port T E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> waveguide environment for 90-140-GHz and 140-220-GHz bands. The samples were also characterized using a transmission-mode time domain THz spectrometer over the 90-GHz-2-THz band. Real part of permittivity and loss tangent were measured to be 3.08 and 0.057, respectively, for the green SUEX sample. Ultraviolet light curing reduces the permittivity and loss tangent down to 2.86 and 0.020, respectively. SUEX films can be easily laminated onto any substrate, eliminating the spin coating and long process optimizations that are required for conventional liquid resists. As such, SUEX is an easy-to-process alternative to commonly used epoxy-based resists, such as SU-8, while exhibiting similar dielectric permittivity and material losses.
Preventive Effect of Embelin fromEmbelia ribeson Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats (2012)

A high-fat diet (HFD) results in hyperlipidemia and an increase in oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of embelin against hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in HFD-induced obesity in rats. Male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks (150-200 g) were fed with an HFD for a period of 28 days to induce experimental obesity. HFD-induced obese rats were treated with embelin (50 mg/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. A range of parameters were tested including body weight gain, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, visceral fat pad weights, serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Twenty-one days of embelin (50 mg/kg) treatment produced effects similar to orlistat in reducing body weight gain, blood pressure, visceral fat pad weight, serum lipid levels, as well as coronary artery risk and atherogenic indices of HFD-fed rats. Embelin treatment also lowered the serum levels of glucose by 24.77 %, insulin by 35.03 %, and leptin by 43.39 %. Furthermore, embelin treatment significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the hepatic TBARS levels, while increasing the SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in obese rats. The present study indicated the preventive effect of embelin in HFD-induced obesity and its related complications. Embelin could be valuable in the development of new drug therapies to prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress.
Expression of aromatase in the human growth plate (2001)

Aromatase catalyzes the synthesis of estrogen from its androgen precursors. Estrogen is known to be important in regulating long bone growth and epiphyseal plate closure. To assess whether there may be growth plate-specific production of estrogen, we performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine whether aromatase transcripts are present in the human growth plate. Immunohistochemistry was also employed to identify the specific sites of expression. Growth plates were obtained from an adolescent male and female undergoing ephysectomy to counter premature growth plate closure in the opposite leg. Aromatase transcripts were detected in RNA preparations from both growth plates. The aromatase protein was mainly expressed in the zone of maturation and the hypertrophic zone, with greatest expression in the latter. Since estrogen receptors are known to be expressed in chondrocytes, this data is consistent with a role for local estrogen production in the autocrine/paracrine control of long bone growth and growth plate maturation.
Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees for Point Cloud Attribute Compression (2021)

&lt;div&gt;We propose an embedded attribute encoding method for point clouds based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) [1]. The encoder is used with the region-adaptive hierarchical transform [2] which has been a popular transform for point cloud coding, even included in the standard geometry-based point cloud coder (G-PCC) [3],[4]. The result is an encoder that is efficient, scalable, and embedded. That is, higher compression is achieved by trimming the full bit-stream. G-PCC’s RAHT coefficient prediction prevents the straightforward incorporation of SPIHT into G-PCC. However, our results over other RAHT based coders are promising, improving over the original, nonpredictive RAHT encoder, while providing the key functionality of being embedded.&lt;/div&gt;
Nanoelectrodes reveal the electrochemistry of single nickelhydroxide nanoparticles (2015)

Individual Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanoelectrodes are investigated in non-ensemble measurements with respect to their energy storage properties and electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Charging by oxidation of Ni(OH)2 is limited by the diffusion of protons into the particle bulk and the OER activity is independent of the particle size.
Inhibition of production of monocyte/macrophage-derived angiogenic activity by oxygen free-radical scavengers (1992)

We showed previously that thiol-containing compounds inhibited the production of macrophage-mediated angiogenic activity. Since thiol-containing compounds may act on macrophages by affecting activation and inhibiting the production of oxygen free-radicals, we studied the effects of oxygen free-radical scavengers on production of angiogenic activity by elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages and lipopolysaccharide stimulated normal human monocytes. Monocyte/macrophage conditioned media were potently angiogenic when assayed in rat corneas, while conditioned media, from oxygen free-radical scavenger-treated cells were not. The inhibitory effect of oxygen free-radical scavengers was due to a direct effect on monocyte/macrophage production of angiogenic activity but was not due solely to a decrease in the production of the macrophage-derived angiogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We conclude that oxygen free-radical scavengers are potent inhibitors of the production of macrophage-mediated angiogenic activity.
Effect of filling ratio, number of loops, and transverse distance on the performance of pulsating heat pipe in a microchannel heat sink (2023)

In this study, three-dimensional modeling of a pulsating heat pipe is carried out, and the effect of physical and geometrical parameters such as filling ratio (FR), transverse distance (Z), and the number of loops (N) on its performance is investigated. In this study, it is assumed that the heat pipe is embedded in the microchannel heat sink, and its boundary condition is the thermal condition in the microchannel heat sink. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model is used in the current numerical analysis. For the PHP, four different filling ratios (FR = 40, 50, 60, 70%), four transverse distances (Z = 2, 5, 8, 18 mm), and four numbers of loops (N = 1, 2, 3, 4) are considered, and the results will be compared with each other. It is shown that PHP with FR = 60% has the best performance. Also, comparing different values of transverse distance, Z = 18 mm has the lowest thermal resistance. The results show that by embedding a 4-loop PHP, the thermal resistance of MCHS decrease from 0.0268 to 0.0221 K/W, which indicates a 21.27% increase in the thermal performance of the microchannel heat sink compared to the basic design (without PHP).
A 5.6 kb/s speech codec using a pulse codebook and improved Viterbi decoding (2002)

A low bit-rate speech codec has been developed. The speech coder employs a PCELP (CELP with pulse codebook) algorithm, which uses a pulse-train excitation codebook to enhance the quality of voiced speech. The computational complexity for the pulse codebook search is greatly reduced by using truncated impulse responses of a weighted synthesis filter. An improved Viterbi decoding method using error detecting code information instead of tail bits has also been developed to increase the effective error-correction coding rate. A 5.6 kb/s speech codec has been implemented by incorporating the PCELP speech coding algorithm with the improved Viterbi decoding. Formal listening tests show that the synthetic speech quality of this codec is equivalent to that of 5.4-bit /spl mu/-law PCM in the absence of channel errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Aspectos de la productividad (2004)

La fabricacion consiste en transformar el capital, las materias primas, la energia y la mano de obra en productos y servicios para los clientes. Por razones sociales y politicas, esta transformacion se ha de llevar a cabo dentro de ciertas limitaciones en cuanto a medio ambiente, seguridad y normativa. Ademas hay que considerar diversos factores que generan costes, como la planta misma de fabricacion y los precios de mercado de materias primas, personal y energia. Las empresas de fabricacion que desean mejorar sus resultados y su rentabilidad ya no pueden confiar en los 'beneficios faciles' del pasado. Ahora es necesario aplicar nuevas estrategias. El reacondicionamiento completo de una planta o el traslado de la misma a un pais con costes bajos son dos opciones, aunque ambas exigen una gran cantidad de capital. Pero existe otra posibilidad de conseguir la ventaja competitiva que buscan los propietarios de plantas industriales: mejorar la productividad de sus fabricas. Dado que las oportunidades para conseguirlo estan muy probablemente en areas de procesos complejos, se necesitan herramientas mas sofisticadas de optimizacion. Las soluciones estan en camino. La fabricacion consiste en transformar el capital, las materias primas, la energia y la mano de obra en productos y servicios para los clientes. Por razones sociales y politicas, esta transformacion se ha de llevar a cabo dentro de ciertas limitaciones en cuanto a medio ambiente, seguridad y normativa. Ademas hay que considerar diversos factores que generan costes, como la planta misma de fabricacion y los precios de mercado de materias primas, personal y energia. Las empresas de fabricacion que desean mejorar sus resultados y su rentabilidad ya no pueden confiar en los 'beneficios faciles' del pasado. Ahora es necesario aplicar nuevas estrategias. El reacondicionamiento completo de una planta o el traslado de la misma a un pais con costes bajos son dos opciones, aunque ambas exigen una gran cantidad de capital. Pero existe otra posibilidad de conseguir la ventaja competitiva que buscan los propietarios de plantas industriales: mejorar la productividad de sus fabricas. Dado que las oportunidades para conseguirlo estan muy probablemente en areas de procesos complejos, se necesitan herramientas mas sofisticadas de optimizacion. Las soluciones estan en camino.
S0550302 Flow Controls over a Rectangle Airfoil and Swept Wing Using Nanosecond Pulse Plasma Actuators (2014)

Experimental study was conducted on the flow control over Go 387 airfoil and NACA65A005 swept wing using plasma actuator driven by repetitive nanosecond pulse voltage. For the rectangle airfoil, the pressure distribution on the airfoil surface was measured by means of a liquid manometer. By integrating the pressure distribution, the normal force coefficient C_N was computed and the effects of the repetitive frequency f were evaluated. The results showed that the plasma actuation on the leading edge increased C_N at two ranges of angle of attack. At the pre-stall and stall angles, the plasma actuation promoted the transition and it led to increment of C_N regardless of f. At the post-stall condition, C_N increased by O(0.1) with actuation at f related to inherent flow instabilities for the shear layer and wake. The characteristic frequencies were determined by the spectrum analysis based on hot-wire-anemometry measurements. For the swept wing, the plasma actuation was applied around the apex and the lift coefficient C_L was measured by means of a force balance. In contrast to the case over the rectangle airfoil, C_L was not changed by the tripping effect. In the post-stall regime. C_L increased by O(0.01) with actuation at frequencies associated with vortex shedding and helical mode instabilities. Also, the frequency dependency was highly affected if asymmetric actuation on one side was applied.
Estimating the Parameters of Randomly Interleaved Markov Models (2009)

Sequences that can be assumed to have been generated by a number of Markov models, whose outputs are randomly interleaved but where the actual sources are hidden, occur in a number of practical situations where data is captured as an unlabeled stream of events. We present a practical method for estimating model parameters on large data sets under the assumption that all sources are identical. Results on representative examples are presented, together with a discussion on the accuracy and performance of the proposed estimation algorithms. Finally, we describe a real-world case study where we apply the technique to the sequence of events recorded in the technical support database of an IT vendor.
[Cholesterol homeostasis and enterohepatic connection: new insights in cholesterol absorption]. (2011)

The intestines have been proposed as the 'new player' in the field of atherosclerosis as a result of recent discoveries on intestinal cholesterol absorption and excretion. 'Niemann-Pick C1-like 1' is one of the most important transport proteins in the process of intestinal and biliary cholesterol absorption. Cholesterol is not only excreted via the hepato-biliary route but is also excreted directly into the intestinal lumen; this transintestinal cholesterol excretion is particularly important in mice. Other cholesterol transporters have also been identified, including the ABC transporters, which have been linked to rare disorders such as sitosterolemia. Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption increases the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and vis versa; several different genes and hormones play an important role in this process. When the effect of statins is insufficient or they cause too many side-effects, additional inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption is indicated.
The Analytic Network Process. Examples. Part 2.3 (2003)

We give here the details of an application of the ANP to National Missile Defense (NMD), a $60 billion decision (one of the costliest undertaking ever) by the United States to deploy an anti-nuclear-missile missile defense system. This study I did in September 2000 developed with its strategic criteria, and benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. Deploy NMD is the highest priority outcome, that is validated by sensitivity analysis. It was presented to the National Defense University in Washington in February 2002. In mid-December 2002 the US Government announced that it planned to develop the NMD — at best an interesting coincidence. Another example, done in September-October 2002, was about the strategy that the US should follow to remove the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq. Going with the UN was the best outcome followed by a going alone or with a coalition.
Trellis-coded modulation with multidimensional constellations (1987)

Trellis-coded modulation schemes using four-, eight-, or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</tex> -dimensional constellations have a number of potential advantages over the usual two-dimensional schemes: a smaller constituent two-dimensional constellation, easier tolerance to phase ambiguities, and a better trade-off between complexity and coding gain. A number of such schemes are presented and evaluated. Starting with a variety of multidimensional lattices, we show how to select multidimensional constellations, how to partition them into subsets, how to construct trellis codes using those subsets, and how to map hits to constellation points. Simplifications of the Viterbi decoding algorithm are presented. We conclude that there are multidimensional trellis-coded modulation schemes that perform better for the same complexity than do two-dimensional schemes.
Stepwise analysis of potential accuracy-influencing factors of iodine quantification on a fast kVp-switching second-generation dual-energy CT: from 3D-printed phantom to a simple solution in clinical routine use (2019)

Background Measurement of iodine concentration from dual-energy or spectral computed tomography (CT) provides useful diagnostic information especially in patients suffering from malignant tumors of various origins. Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the accuracy of the measurement of iodine concentration, focusing on potential influencing factors and assessing its suitability for routine clinical use. Material and Methods First, a 3D-printed cylindrical phantom was used to assess reliability of dual-energy CT-based iodine concentration measurement. Second, a semi-anthropomorphic phantom was used to evaluate the potential impact of positional variation of the target volume as typically seen in clinical scans. Finally, a reference vial was placed on the body surface of 38 patients undergoing abdominal dual-energy CT to analyze correlations between applied doses and patient diameters. Results The position of the target volume within the cylindrical phantom and the applied dose level significantly influenced the magnitude of measured iodine concentrations ( P &lt; 0.001). We also found a significant difference in accuracy depending on target volume position in the semi-anthropomorphic phantom ( P = 0.028). In patient scans, we observed an error of 19.6 ± 5.6% in iodine concentration measurements of a reference and significant, moderate to strong, negative correlations between measured iodine concentration, maximum patient diameter, and applied dose (maximum sagittal diameter: r = −0.455, P = 0.004; maximum coronal diameter: r=−0.517, P = 0.001; CTDI vol : r = −0.385, P = 0.017) Conclusion Dual-energy CT-based iodine concentration measurement should be interpreted with caution. In clinical examinations, placement of a reference vial could be a potential solution to relativize errors.
Targeting the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway in Cancer Therapy (2011)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a major determinant in the control of diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and motility. This pathway is often upregulated in human cancers and as such represents an attractive target for mechanism-based approaches to cancer treatment. However, specific blockade of the ERK pathway alone induces mostly cytostatic rather than proapoptotic effects, resulting in limited therapeutic efficacy. Blockade of the constitutively activated ERK pathway by an ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor sensitizes tumor cells to apoptotic cell death induced by several cytotoxic anticancer agents including microtubule-destabilizing agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors, not only in vitro but also in tumor zenografts in vivo. Thus, low concentrations of these anticancer drugs that by themselves show little cytotoxicity effectively kill tumor cells in which the ERK pathway is constitutively activated when co-administrated with a MEK inhibitor. The combination of a cytostatic signaling pathway inhibitor (MEK inhibitors) and conventional anticancer drugs (microtubule-destabilizing agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors) provides an excellent basis for the development of safer anticancer chemotherapies with enhanced efficacy through lowering the required dose of the latter cytotoxic drugs.
Detachment of ligands from nanoparticle surface under flow and endothelial cell contact: Assessment using microfluidic devices (2018)

Surface modification of nanoparticles is a well-established methodology to alter their properties to enhance circulation half-life. While literature studies using conventional, in vitro characterization are routinely used to evaluate the biocompatibility of such modifications, relatively little attention has been paid to assess the stability of such surface modifications in physiologically relevant conditions. Here, microfluidic devices were used to study the effect of factors that adversely impact surface modifications including vascular flow and endothelial cell interactions. Camptothecin nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or folic acid were analyzed using linear channels and microvascular networks. Detachment of PEG was observed in cell-free conditions and was attributed to interplay between the flow and method of PEG attachment. The flow and cells also impacted the surface charge of nanoparticles. Presence of endothelial cells further increased PEG shedding. The results demonstrate that endothelial cell contact, and vascular flow parameters modify surface ligands on nanoparticle surfaces.
Predictive whisker kinematics reveal context-dependent sensorimotor strategies (2019)

Abstract Animals actively move their sensory organs in order to acquire sensory information. Some rodents, such as mice and rats, employ cyclic scanning motions of their facial whiskers to explore their proximal surrounding, a behavior known as whisking. Here we investigated the contingency of whisking kinematics on the animal’s behavioral context that arises from both internal processes (attention and expectations) and external constraints (available sensory and motor degrees of freedom). We recorded rat whisking at high temporal resolution in two experimental contexts - freely moving or head-fixed – and two spatial sensory configurations – a single row or three caudal whiskers on each side of the snout. We found that rapid sensorimotor twitches, called pumps, occurring during free-air whisking carry information about the rat’s upcoming exploratory direction, as demonstrated by the ability of these pumps to predict consequent head and body locomotion. Specifically, pump behavior during both voluntary motionlessness and imposed head-fixation exposed a backward redistribution of sensorimotor exploratory resources. Further, head-fixed rats employed a wide range of whisking profiles to compensate for the loss of head- and body-motor degrees of freedom. Finally, changing the number of intact vibrissae available to a rat resulted in an alteration of whisking strategy consistent with the rat actively reallocating its remaining resources. In sum, this work shows that rats adapt their active exploratory behavior in a “homeostatic” attempt to preserve sensorimotor coverage under changing environmental conditions and changing sensory capacities, including those imposed by various laboratory conditions.