gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting multiple OSes with OS switching (2007)

People increasingly put more than one OSes into their computers and devices like mobile phones. Multiboot and virtualization are two common technologies for this purpose. In this paper we promote a new approach called OS switching. With OS switching, multiple OSes timeshare the same computer cooperatively. A typical implementation can reuse an OS's suspend/resume functionality with little modification. The OS switching approach promises fast native execution speed with shorter switching time than traditional multi-boot approach. We describe the design of OS switching as well as our implementation with Linux and WinCE, and evaluate its performance.
Method of fabricating third generation photovoltaic cells based on Si quantum dots using ion implantation (2011)

Herein we report the synthesis of silicon quantum dots for novel photovoltaic applications by means of ion implantations process followed by annealing. Nucleation was achieved by impinging Si+ ions into SiO2 thin films grown on a Si (100) substrate and heated at 1100° C and passivating (for photoluminescence (PL) measurements only). The thickness, stoichiometry and depth-profiles versus annealing of all samples were determined by both Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and ellipsometry techniques.We have shown that both implanted Si atoms and native Si atoms (from the SiO2 matrix) contribute to Si nucleation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows areas of silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) with sizes varying from 2 to 4 nm, which is less than the Bohr radius of bulk crystalline Si (~ 5 nm). Optical and electrical properties have been investigated by PL and I-V measurements. Passivated silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) embedded in SiO2 exhibit PL increasing with fluence. According to the statistical model for luminescence emission, we derive a typical radius of 3 nm for luminescent QDs around Lambda = 800 nm. Based in these investigations, p-type Si-QDs / n-type c-Si junctions were fabricated and electrically characterised in the dark and also under an AM1.5G terrestrial solar spectrum for non-implanted, as-implanted and implanted-annealed samples for different fluences. The electrical curves of the structure under illumination demonstrate the photovoltaic behaviour of the Si-QDs. Despite the weakest light conversion of these devices, this result remains very promising and offering unprecedented vast improvements to third generation solar cells.
Porting UNIX to windows NT (1997)

The Software Engineering Research department at Murray Hill writes and distributes several widely used development tools and reusable libraries that are portable across virtually all UNIX platforms. [1] To enhance reuse of these tools and libraries, we want to make them available on systems running Windows NT [2] and/or Windows 95 [3] . We did not want to support multiple versions of these libraries, and we wanted to minimize the amount of conditionally compiled code. This paper describes an effort of trying to build a UNIX interface layer on top of the Windows NT and Windows 95 operating system. The goal was to build an open environment rich enough to be both a good development environment and a suitable execution environment. This meant that the overhead needed to be small enough so that there was no incentive to program to the native operating system directly. The openness meant that the complete facilities of the native operating system were accessible through this environmen...
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Solid State Complex Borohydride Hydrogen Storage Materials (2009)

Materials that are light weight, low cost and have high hydrogen storage capacity are essential for on-board vehicular applications. Some reversible complex hydrides are alanates and amides but they have lower capacity than the DOE target (6.0 wt %) for 2010. High capacity, light weight, reversibility and fast kinetics at lower temperature are the primary desirable aspects for any type of hydrogen storage material. Borohydride complexes as hydrogen storage materials have recently attracted great interest.\nUnderstanding the above parameters for designing efficient complex borohydride materials requires modeling across different length and time scales. A direct method lattice dynamics approach using ab initio force constants is utilized to calculate the phonon dispersion curves. This allows us to establish stability of the crystal structure at finite temperatures. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate electronic properties and the direct method lattice dynamics is used to calculate the finite temperature thermodynamic properties. These computational simulations are applied to understand the crystal structure, nature of bonding in the complex borohydrides and mechanistic studies on doping to improve the kinetics and reversibility, and to improve the hydrogen dynamics to lower the decomposition temperature.\nA combined theoretical and experimental approach can better lead us to designing a suitable complex material for hydrogen storage. To understand the structural, bulk properties and the role of dopants and their synergistic effects on the dehydrogenation and/or reversible rehydrogenation characteristics, these complex hydrides are also studied experimentally in this work.
Functional liquid‐crystalline polyesters based on twin nonamethylene spaced p‐oxybenzoate dyads and dithiols (1989)

Abstract A new series of thermotropic liquid‐crystalline poly‐(ester‐β‐sulphide)s 9Sn was prepared by reacting the mesogenic nona‐methylene bis[4‐(4‐acryloyloxybenzoyloxy)benzoate] 1 with α,ω‐alka‐nedithiols of varying length. The polymers exhibit nematic and smectic mesophases, which are enantiotropic or monotropic in character, depending on the number n of methylene units in the dithiol precursor (n = 2–10). The phase transition parameters were determined and compared with those of closely related poly(ester‐β‐sulphide)s 6Sn. It is suggested that these systems may be suitable model polymers to test current theory of the existence of highly anisotropic or weakly anisotropic mesophases in polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfonimide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous and Bisvinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions. (2011)

Abstract The present new disulfonimide catalyzed vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol addition of crotonic acid derivatives (I) to aldehydes can also be applied to ketene acetal nucleophiles (IV).
STUDIES ON SO-CALLED PARACOLON C27 (FERGUSON) (1959)

Ferguson and Henderson (1947) described the isolation of a motile coliform organism possessing the major somatic antigen of Shigella sonnei, form I, from the feces of a patient whose clinical history was not available. They called the organism strain C27. It was also found in man and animals by Wheeler (1947), van de Pitt (1953), and Schmid, Velaudapilli and Niles (1954) .Recently, similar organisms have been repeatedly isolated from clinical materials in Japan and attracted much interest of the investigators. In this paper, the morphological, cultural, biochemical, and serological characteristics of C27 organism are described and its taxonomical position is discussed.
Real-World Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Experience Compared With Second-Generation Metallic Drug-Eluting Stents in Complex Coronary Lesions. (2018)

BVS implantation in a real-world patient population with optimal implantation technique resulted in similar stent expansion and better strut apposition compared to DES implantation.
REASON: An intelligent user assistant for interactive environments (1990)

The provision of intelligent user assistance has been an ongoing problem in designing computer interfaces. Interactive computing environments must support expert as well as novice users when providing advice for error correction and answers to questions directed to a system. To address these issues, we have investigated the application of fairly well-understood artificial intelligence techniques in novel ways to provide intelligent help. This paper describes the design methodology used to build REASON (Real-time Explanation and SuggestiON), an intelligent user-assistant prototype for a windowed, multitasking environment. REASON's central component is an inference engine that solves problems arising from a user's activity. When the user makes one of several different kinds of errors, the inference engine offers dynamically generated suggestions about what the user might have intended. The user can also query REASON using natural language. In addition to providing suggestions of corrected input or answers to questions, REASON can provide two complementary types of explanations of these responses, derived from the inferences that led to them.
HDAC6 Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor-induced β-Catenin Nuclear Localization (2008)

Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is a hallmark of Wnt signaling and is associated with various cancers. In addition to the canonical Wnt pathway activated by Wnt ligands, growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) also induce beta-catenin dissociation from the adherens junction complex, translocation into the nucleus, and activation of target genes such as c-myc. Here we report that EGF-induced beta-catenin nuclear localization and activation of c-myc are dependent on the deacetylase HDAC6. We show that EGF induces HDAC6 translocation to the caveolae membrane and association with beta-catenin. HDAC6 deacetylates beta-catenin at lysine 49, a site frequently mutated in anaplastic thyroid cancer, and inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation at serine 45. HDAC6 inactivation blocks EGF-induced beta-catenin nuclear localization and decreases c-Myc expression, leading to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. These results suggest that EGF-induced nuclear localization of beta-catenin is regulated by HDAC6-dependent deacetylation and provide a new mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors prevent tumor growth.
Diversifying corn production systems with living mulches in the southeastern United States (2023)

Abstract Living mulch (LM) production systems are gaining traction as an alternative to the use of annual cover crops in the southeastern United States, warranting research on the viability and functionality of this system. Our objective was to evaluate the benefits of LM in corn silage and grain production and to evaluate the potential of LM grazing during the corn ( Zea Mays L.) growing season. The experiment was conducted in Spring Hill, TN in 2020 and 2021 and consisted of two mulch species, white clover (WC) ( Trifolium repens L.) and a mixture of crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.) and cereal rye (CCCR) ( Secale cereale L.). Cull cows were used for the grazing periods (4 weeks before planting and after the harvest of corn). The study evaluated the botanical composition, mulch mass, nutritive value, corn silage and grain production, and cow average daily weight gain (ADG). The WC treatment had a greater weed control than CCCR. In 2020, when differences in mulch mass were observed, CCCR had greater mass than WC mass due to the weed presence. Meanwhile, in 2021, the mulch mass did not differ between WC and CCCR, with both treatments showing less mass in spring and early summer. Grain production was 30% less than silage in 2020 and 90% less in 2021. The ADG was only observed for WC (0.5 kg −1 ) paddocks. It was concluded that WC as LM has greater corn production than CCCR treatments. The LM for grazing is a beneficial strategy if feeding costs are greater than $2.22 head day −1 .
Photonic Integrated Fully Tunable Comb Generator Cascading Optical Modulators (2018)

We report the first monolithic InP photonic integrated comb generator made by cascading optical modulators. The device is extremely compact and tunable both in repetition frequency and wavelength, making real-world applications possible. A distributed Bragg reflector laser, a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator, and two phase modulators are monolithically integrated on a 4.5 × 2.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip that also includes a booster semiconductor optical amplifier at the output. Modulators integrated on the circuit have a 3 dB bandwidth of 7 GHz and can generate up to 28 comb lines within a 5 dB power range when properly electrically driven (here demonstrated in the range 4-5 GHz). Operation up to 10 GHz is also reported.
In Vitro Nucleotide Misinsertion Opposite the Oxidized Guanosine Lesions Spiroiminodihydantoin and Guanidinohydantoin and DNA Synthesis Past the Lesions Using Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment) (2002)

The low redox potential of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), a molecule regarded as a marker of oxidative damage in cells, makes it an easy target for further oxidation. Using a temperature-dependent method of synthesis, the oxidation products of OG, guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and/or its isomer iminoallantoin (Ia) as well as spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), have been site-specifically incorporated into DNA oligomers. Single nucleotide insertion and primer extension experiments using Escherichia coli Kf exo(-) DNA polymerase were carried out under "standing start" and "running start" conditions in various sequence contexts. dAMP and dGMP were found to be inserted opposite these OG oxidation products. Steady-state kinetic studies show that the Gh/Ia.G base pair yields a lower K(m) value compared to the Sp.G pair or X.A (X = Gh/Ia or Sp). Running start experiments using oxidized and unoxidized OG-containing templates showed enhanced full extension in the presence of all four dNTPs. A sequence preference for efficiency of extension was found when Gh/Ia and Sp are present in the DNA template, possibly leading to primer misalignment. Full extension is more efficient for the templates containing two Gs immediately 3' to the lesions compared to two As. Although these lesions cause a significant block for DNA elongation, results show that they are more easily bypassed by the polymerase when situated in the appropriate sequence context. UV melting studies carried out on duplexes mimicking the template/primer systems were used to characterize thermal stability of the duplexes. These experiments suggest that both Gh/Ia and Sp destabilize the duplex to a much greater extent than OG, with Sp being most severe.
Chronic, but not acute, tricyclic antidepressant treatment alleviates neuropathic allodynia after sciatic nerve cuffing in mice (2008)

Antidepressant drugs act mainly by blocking the noradrenaline and/or serotonin uptake sites and require a chronic treatment. Tricyclic antidepressants are among the first line treatments clinically recommended against neuropathic pain. As observed against depression, a chronic treatment is required for a therapeutic effect. However, both in depression-related and pain-related research in rodents, it is difficult to design models that reproduce the clinical conditions and are sensitive to chronic but not to acute treatment by antidepressant drugs. In this study, we used a murine neuropathic pain model induced by the unilateral insertion of a polyethylene cuff around the main branch of the sciatic nerve. This model induced a long-lasting ipsilateral mechanical allodynia. We evidenced that chronic, but not acute, treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants nortriptyline or amitriptyline suppressed the cuff-induced mechanical allodynia. On the contrary, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, remained ineffective. To understand which mechanism is recruited downstream in order to alleviate the allodynia, we tested the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole and the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI. We show that the therapeutic effect of notriptyline implicates the endogenous opioid system, in particular the delta- and the kappa-opioid receptors. For comparison, we tested the anticonvulsant gabapentin and showed that it alleviates neuropathic allodynia after 3 days of treatment. Naloxone had no effect on gabapentin therapeutic benefit, showing that antidepressants and anticonvulsants alleviate neuropathic allodynia through independent mechanisms. Our work provides a clinically relevant model to understand the mechanism by which chronic antidepressant treatment can alleviate neuropathic pain.
Advances in treatment for neurotrophic keratopathy (2009)

Neurotrophic keratopathy, a degenerative disease of the cornea, is caused by an impairment of function of the trigeminal nerve and an insufficient supply of neural factors. The combination of substance P, a sensory neurotransmitter, and insulin-like growth factor-1 induced a synergistic stimulatory effect on corneal epithelial migration as well as on corneal wound closure in vivo. We discuss the roles of growth factors and substance P, a sensory neurotransmitter released from the trigeminal nerve, in corneal epithelial wound healing as well as the clinical application of these molecules to the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy.
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R): A Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

<b>Objective</b>: This is the first study applying Clinimetric Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (CLIPROM) criteria to evaluate the construct validity, sensitivity, and clinical utility of the SCL-90-R in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). <b>Methods</b>: A Rasch analysis was conducted using a sample of 488 PD outpatients. <b>Results:</b> Testing for dimensionality revealed that less than 5% of <i>t</i>-tests were significant, indicating that the SCL-90-R subscales entailed the property of construct validity. As to the total score, a Person Separation Reliability Index of .96 was found. <b>Conclusions:</b> The SCL-90-R total score is a sensitive screening measure that can be used not only to differentiate healthy stress reactions from symptoms of psychological distress but also to detect PD patients with an increased risk for psychiatric complications. As to the subscales, the brief versions that did not include misfitting items should be used to assess the severity of specific symptoms of psychological distress affecting PD patients.
Rapid Feedback Systems for Elite Sports Training (2006)

Sports-specific feedback systems are becoming an essential part of elite sports training. Various sensors are embedded in the sport equipment, the environment, or attached to the athlete. Mobile computers acquire the relevant data and present feedback information to coaches and athletes. To be most effective, feedback should be given shortly after motion execution. Several feedback systems used in rowing, table tennis, and biathlon offer examples practical examples and illustrate principles developers should observe when constructing such systems.
Arrhythmogenic adverse effects of cardiac glycosides are mediated by redox modification of ryanodine receptors (2011)

The therapeutic use of cardiac glycosides (CGs), agents commonly used in treating heart failure (HF), is limited by arrhythmic toxicity. The adverse effects of CGs have been attributed to excessive accumulation of intracellular Ca(2+) resulting from inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase ion transport activity. However, CGs are also known to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could contribute to arrhythmogenesis through redox modification of cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2s). Here we sought to determine whether modification of RyR2s by ROS contributes to CG-dependent arrhythmogenesis and examine the relevant sources of ROS. In isolated rat ventricular myocytes, the CG digitoxin (DGT) increased the incidence of arrhythmogenic spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, decreased the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load, and increased both ROS and RyR2 thiol oxidation. Additionally, pretreatment with DGT increased spark frequency in permeabilized myocytes. These effects on Ca(2+) waves and sparks were prevented by the antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine (MPG). The CG-dependent increases in ROS, RyR2 oxidation and arrhythmogenic propensity were reversed by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial ATP-dependent K(+) channels (mito-K(ATP)) or permeability transition pore (PTP), but not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase. These results suggest that the arrhythmogenic adverse effects of CGs involve alterations in RyR2 function caused by oxidative changes in the channel structure by ROS. These CG-dependent effects probably involve release of ROS from mitochondria possibly mediated by NADPH oxidase.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induces the activation/phosphorylation of Akt kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) by activating different signaling pathways in PC12 cells (2006)

Abstract Background Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide growth factor with a variety of functions in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. IGF-1 plays anti-apoptotic and other functions by activating multiple signaling pathways including Akt kinase, a serine/threonine kinase essential for cell survival. The nuclear transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) may also be involved although relationships between these two proteins in IGF-1 receptor signaling and protection is not clear, especially in neuronal cells. Results IGF-1, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, induces the activation/phosphorylation of Akt and CREB in PC12 cells by activating different signaling pathways. IGF-1 induced a sustained phosphorylation of Akt while only a transient one was seen for CREB. The phosphorylation of Akt is mediated by the PI3 kinase pathway while that of CREB is dependent on the activation of both MAPK kinase and p38 MAPK. Moreover, the stimulation of PKC attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt induced by IGF-1 while enhancing that of CREB. Survival assays with various kinase inhibitors suggested that the activation/phosphorylation of both Akt and CREB contributes to IGF-1 mediated cell survival in PC12 cells. Conclusion These data suggest that IGF-1 induced the activation of Akt and CREB using distinct pathways in PC12 cells.
TwitterNews: Real time event detection from the Twitter data stream (2016)

Research in event detection from the Twitter streaming data has been gaining momentum in the last couple of years. Although such data is noisy and often contains misleading information, Twitter can be a rich source of information if harnessed properly. In this paper, we propose a scalable event detection system, TwitterNews , to detect and track newsworthy events in real time from Twitter. TwitterNews provides a novel approach, by combining random indexing based term vector model with locality sensitive hashing, that aids in performing incremental clustering of tweets related to various events within a fixed time. TwitterNews also incorporates an effective strategy to deal with the cluster fragmentation issue prevalent in incremental clustering. The set of candidate events generated by TwitterNews are then filtered, to report the newsworthy events along with an automatically selected representative tweet from each event cluster. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of TwitterNews , in terms of the recall and the precision, using a publicly available corpus.