gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of distortions after carburization and quenching processes of large gears (2013)

A new finite element model is developed to predict the deformations, stresses, phase compositions and carbon concentration gradients that arise as a consequence of the physical processes involved in a carburization and quenching process of a large steel gear. Firstly, the diffusion of carbon at elevated temperatures in the austenitic range is studied in a diffusion model. Secondly, the calculated carbon concentration distribution is used as an input for a model that couples the thermal, metallographic and mechanical effects during the quenching process and calculates the evolution of the temperature, phase composition and deformation history at any point in the gear. Two effects typical for oil quenching of large gears are incorporated in the model. The first is the influence of the gear’s own weight while hanging on chains before, during and after entering the quench bath. The second is the three-dimensional effect that it takes time between the moment the gear enters the oil quenching bath and the moment when the gear is fully immersed. The non-uniform temperature distribution over the gear’s axis causes a non-homogeneous plastic deformation. A diffusion-thermo-metallo-mechanical model that takes these effects into account is compared with a model that does not. The results show that these effects should be incorporated.
GRAAL - a development framework for embedded graphics accelerators (2004)

This paper presents a versatile hardware/software co-simulation and co-design environment for embedded 3D graphics accelerators. The graphics accelerator design exploration framework (GRAAL) is an open system which offers a coherent development methodology based on an extensive library of systemC RTL models of graphics pipeline components. GRAAL incorporates tools to assist in the visual debugging of the graphics algorithms implemented in hardware, and to estimate the performance in terms of throughput, power consumption, and area.
Publisher Correction: Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials (2018)

The original version of the Supplementary Information associated with this Article contained an error in Supplementary Figure 3 in which all panels, with the exception of the bottom-left 'Ti' panel, were blank. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary Information.
A novel class of endogenous shRNAs in human cells (2008)

Abstract Until now it is still not clear how many types and amounts of small RNAs (sRNAs) exist in humans. Here we report the identification of 1258 distinct sRNAs derived from intronic regions of protein-coding genes in human with a new approach. These endogenous short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) appear to be similar to exogenous shRNAs in structure, have a broad distribution in the stem length, and function as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and/or piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Except for a few shRNAs, the majority of shRNAs are not phylogenetically conserved. They are differentially expressed in different cells and at diverse developmental stages. Overall, their expression levels are lower than miRNAs&amp;apos;, but can be detected by quantitative real-time PCR and microarrays, implying that like other known sRNAs, this type of shRNAs should have important functions in modulating gene expression, and that they may exist in other genomic regions and many species.
The Superposition Approach to Local Heat Transfer Coefficients in High Density Ratio Film Cooling Flows (1999)

The present paper reports on the use of the superposition approach in high density ratio film cooling flows. It arises from the linearity and homogeneity of the simplified boundary layer differential equations. However, it is widely assumed that the linearity does not hold for variable property flows. Therefore, theoretical considerations and numerical calculations will demonstrate the linearity of the heat transfer coefficient with the dimensionless coolant temperature θ as long as identical flow conditions are applied. This makes it necessary to perform at least two experiments at different θ but with the coolant to main flow temperature ratio kept unchanged. A comprehensive set of experiments is presented to demonstrate the capability of the superposition approach for determining heat transfer coefficients for different film cooling geometries. These comprise coolant injection from two dimensional tangential slots, single holes, and rows of cylindrical holes. Particularly, two dimensional local distributions of the heat transfer coefficient will be addressed.
Biodegradation of nicotine by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. CS3 and its metabolites (2011)

The advantage of applying the isolated strain lies in broad pH adaptability and stability and persistence in repetitive use, the properties previously less focused in other nicotine-degrading micro-organisms. The strain might decompose nicotine via a nicotine-degradation pathway different from those of other nicotine-utilizing Pseudomonas bacteria reported earlier, another highlight in this study.
Viscosity effects in single wire HGMS studies (1979)

The effect of viscosity on the initial buildup rate and saturation accumulation radius of Mn <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</inf> particles in glycerol-water solutions for single wire HGMS was studied. Experimentally, for the axial flow configuration, it was found that the initial buildup process is adequately described by a previous model, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R\min{a}\max{4} = At + 1</tex> , where A is inversely proportional to the viscosity. Experimental values for the saturation accumulation radius are described as a function of the ratio of the magnetic force to the drag force by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_{as} \propto (V_{m}/V_{o})^{1/3}</tex> . These results are explained by a simple force balance model at the surface of the buildup.
Assessment of the Feasibility of Remote Training, At-Home Testing, and Test-Retest Variability of Clustered Virtual Reality Perimetry (2022)

Abstract Objective To assess the feasibility of remotely training glaucoma patients to take a ten-session clustered virtual reality (VR) visual field test (VVP-10) at home, analyze results for test-retest variability, and assess correspondence with conventional perimetry. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects 21 subjects with glaucoma were enrolled and included in the feasibility assessment of remote training. 36 eyes were used for test-retest analysis and determination of concordance with Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) testing. Methods Subjects were provided with a mobile VR headset containing the VVP-10 test software and trained remotely via video conferencing. Subjects were instructed to complete ten sessions over a 14-day period. Main Outcome Measures Feasibility was determined by the number of subjects who were able to independently complete VVP-10 over the 14-day period after one remote training session. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of average fraction seen across ten sessions and standard error (SE) for the mean were primary outcome measures for assessing test-retest variability. Correlation with HVF mean sensitivity (MS) across eyes, was a secondary outcome measure. Results 20 subjects (95%) successfully completed the VVP-10 test series after one training session. ICC of VVP-10 was 0.95 (95% CI [0.92, 0.97]). Mean SE in units of fraction seen was 0.012. The Spearman correlations of VVP-10 average fraction seen versus HVF MS were 0.88 (95% CI [0.66, 0.99]) for moderate to advanced glaucoma eyes, and decreased to 0.68 (95% CI [0.29, 0.94]) when all eyes were included. Conclusions Remote training of patients at home is feasible and subsequent remote clustered visual field testing using VVP-10 by patients on their own without any further interactions with caregivers or study staff was possible. At-home VVP-10 results demonstrated low test-retest variability. Future studies must be conducted to determine if VVP-10, taken at home as convenient for the patient, may be a viable supplement to provide equivalent or complementary results to that of standard in-clinic assessment of visual function in glaucoma.
On-line monitoring of H2 generation and the HTF degradation in parabolic trough solar thermal power plants: Development of an optical sensor based on an innovative approach (2017)

The work presented in this paper offers a robust, effective and economically competitive method for online detection and monitoring of the presence of molecular hydrogen in the heat transfer fluids of parabolic trough collector plants. The novel method is based on a specific fluorescent sensor according to the ES2425002 patent (“Method for the detection and quantification of hydrogen in a heat transfer fluid”).
Transplantation of Cryopreserved Osteochondral Dowel Allografts for Repair of Focal Articular Defects in an Ovine Model (2000)

JBJS was founded by the American Orthopaedic Association in 1903 and is the Official Journal of the American Orthopaedic Association. EXCELLENCE THROUGH PEER REVIEW The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) has been the most valued source of information for orthopaedic surgeons and researchers for over 125 years and is the gold standard in peer-reviewed scientific information in the field. A core journal and essential reading for general as well as specialist orthopaedic surgeons worldwide, JBJS publishes evidence-based research to enhance the quality of care for orthopaedic patients. Standards of excellence and high quality are maintained in everything we do, from the science of the content published to the customer service we provide. JBJS is an independent, non-profit journal. JBJS.org is the version of record of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. JBJS is published twice a month on the first and third Wednesday of each month, each time adding to a comprehensive PDF archive dating back to 1889. Additional features online include: article commenting, social sharing links, instructional videos, podcasts, and continuing medical education activities. Contributions from anywhere in the world are welcome and considered on their merits. The manuscript must be written in English and should be submitted as outlined in the Instructions for Authors. Manuscripts are subject to blinded peer review by experts and a final decision by the editor. Papers are judged by the quality and relevance of the work. Our aim is to publish the best material available from anywhere in the world.
Cellular data network infrastructure characterization and implication on mobile content placement (2011)

Despite the tremendous growth in the cellular data network usage due to the popularity of smartphones, so far there is rather limited understanding of the network infrastructure of various cellular carriers. Understanding the infrastructure characteristics such as the network topology, routing design, address allocation, and DNS service configuration is essential for predicting, diagnosing, and improving cellular network services, as well as for delivering content to the growing population of mobile wireless users. In this work, we propose a novel approach for discovering cellular infrastructure by intelligently combining several data sources, i.e., server logs from a popular location search application, active measurements results collected from smartphone users, DNS request logs from a DNS authoritative server, and publicly available routing updates. We perform the first comprehensive analysis to characterize the cellular data network infrastructure of four major cellular carriers within the U.S. in our study.
FAR-FIELDMULTIMODAL SPEECHPROCESSINGAND CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTIONINSMART SPACES (2008)

ingplace conference rooms.Theproblem hasrecently atRobust speech processing constitutes acrucial component inthede- tracted muchinterest, being thefocus ofanumberofresearch efforts velopment ofusable andnatural conversational interfaces. Inthis andinternational projects, forexample CHIL[1],AMI/AMIDA paper weareparticularly interested inhuman-computer interaction [2], andtheU.S.National Institute ofStandards andTechnology taking place insmart spaces -equipped withanumberoffar- (NIST) Smartspace effort [3]. Developed perception technologies in field, unobtrusive microphones andcamera sensors. Their availabil- this scenario havebeenthesubject ofvigorous evaluation campaign ityallows multi-sensory andmulti-modal processing, thusimprov- series, forexample theRichTranscription (RT)Meeting Recogniingrobustness ofspeech-based perception technologies inanumber tion Evaluation [4]andthecampaign ontheClassification ofEvents, ofscenarios ofinterest, forexample lectures andmeetings heldin- Activities andRelationships [5]. Needless tosay, these technologies sidesmartconference rooms, orinteraction withdomotic devicescanbeappropriately adapted toadditional ambient intelligence sceinsmarthomes.Inthis paper, weoverview recent workatIBM narios, forexample smart homes.Thissubject isofinterest tothe Research indeveloping state-of-the-art speech technology NETCARITYproject [6]thatfocuses onelderly homeoccupants, spaces. Inparticular wediscuss acoustic scene analysis, speech ac- andtheDICITproject, wherefar-field speech technology isbeing tivity detection, speaker diarization, andspeech recognition, empha- developed tofacilitate conversational interaction withthetelevision sizing multi-sensory ormulti-modal processing. Theresulting tech- set-top box[7]. nology isenvisaged toallow far-field conversational interaction in Inthis paper, wefocus onspeech technology insmartspaces. smart spaces based ondialog management andnatural language un- Following anoverview ofrelevant scenarios (Section 2),wefirst derstanding ofuser requests. consider theproblem ofacoustic sceneanalysis rooms (Section 3).Detection ofacoustic events iscrucial inmonitoring, IndexTerms-Acoustic scene analysis, speech activity detec-providing richactivity information, andbeing beneficial tospeech tion, speaker diarization, speech recognition, audio-visual speech processing -allowing forexample better modeling ofnon-speech recognition, dialog systems, fusion, smart rooms. events. Ofmaininterest ofcourse istheproblem ofautomatic speech recognition (ASR)orspeech-to-text (STT), anditscomple
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Oxidation of Functionalized (Hexahydro)xanthenols. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polarization-independent all-optical demultiplexing up to 200 Gbit/s using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier (2005)

Summary form only given. All-optical time-division demultiplexing (TDM) is one of the most fundamental functions in future Tbit/s all-optical networks. This paper proposes a simple polarisation independent (PI) all-optical TDM demultiplexer that utilizes the ultrafast four-wave mixing (FWM) process of both TE and TM modes in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) in which input pump and signal pulses are deliberately depolarized to suppress polarization coupling.
Apoptosis induced by adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer in human glioma correlates with site-specific phosphorylation. (2002)

Therapeutic replacement of the p53 gene using an adenovirus vector (Ad-p53) may be an effective alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of glioma. We have previously demonstrated that the introduction of Ad-p53 into glioma cells containing mutant p53 induces apoptosis, whereas glioma cells containing wild-type p53 are resistant. However, Ad-p53 will enhance the radiosensitivity of wild-type p53 glioma cells by increasing their tendency for apoptosis. The mechanism underlying these different responses to Ad-p53 has not been elucidated to date. Because phosphorylation of p53 at serines 15, 20, and 392 may play a role in regulating p53-mediated apoptotic activity, we determined the phosphorylation status of exogenous p53 in mutant and wild-type gliomas after Ad-p53 transfer. Monolayer cultures of glioma cell lines expressing mutant p53 (U251 and U373) or wild-type p53 (U87 and D54) were infected with Ad-p53 and analyzed by Western blotting. High levels of exogenous p53 were detected in both cell lines after Ad-p53 transfer. However, only apoptotic mutant p53 cells expressed high levels of phospho-Ser15-p53 and phospho-Ser20-p53. The levels of phospho-Ser15-p53 and phospho-Ser20-p53 were very low in wild-type p53 cells after Ad-p53 infection alone. When wild-type p53 glioma cells were exposed to radiation after Ad-p53 infection, phospho-Ser15-p53 and phospho-Ser20-p53 were detected at high levels, and the cells subsequently underwent apoptosis; no change in serine 392 was detected. The induction of apoptosis and the expression of phospho-Ser15 and phospho-Ser20 in these cells were also enhanced by the combination of Ad-p53 and other DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin and bichloroethyl nitrosourea. Furthermore, the expression of phospho-Ser15-p53 and phospho-Ser20-p53 correlated with the amount of apoptosis; the apoptotic activity of p53 in glioma cells was partially inhibited by a mutation of p53 at serine 15. These results suggest that phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 and serine 20 is critical for apoptosis induction in p53 gene therapy for gliomas.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound to the Right Prefrontal Cortex Improves Mood and Alters Functional Connectivity in Humans (2020)

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging method for noninvasive neuromodulation akin to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tFUS offers several advantages over electromagnetic methods including high spatial resolution and the ability to reach deep brain targets. Here we describe two experiments assessing whether tFUS could modulate mood in healthy human volunteers by targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), an area implicated in mood and emotional regulation. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, participants received 30 seconds of 500 kilohertz (kHz) tFUS or a placebo control. Visual Analog Mood Scales (VAMS) assessed mood four times within an hour (baseline and three times after tFUS). Participants who received tFUS reported an overall increase in Global Affect (GA), an aggregate score from the VAMS scale, indicating a positive shift in mood. Experiment 2 examined resting-state functional (FC) connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following 2 minutes of 500 kHz tFUS at the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). As in Experiment 1, tFUS enhanced self-reported mood states and also decreased FC in resting-state networks related to emotion and mood regulation. These results suggest that tFUS can be used to modulate mood and emotional regulation networks in the prefrontal cortex.
Design of a Propulsion System for Swimming Under Low Reynolds Flow Conditions (2007)

This work focuses on the propulsion of swimming micro-robots through accessible, quasi-static, fluid-filled, environments of the human body. The operating environment dictates that the system must function under low Reynolds number flow conditions. In this fluidic regime, viscous forces dominate.&#13;\n&#13;\nInspiration is drawn from biological examples of propulsion systems that exploit the dominance of viscous forces. A system based on the prokaryotic flagella is chosen due to its simplicity; it is essentially a rigid helix that rotates about its base.&#13;\n&#13;\nTo eliminate the piercing threat posed by a rigid helix, a propulsion system utilizing a flexible filament is proposed. The filament is designed such that under rotational load, and the resulting viscous drag, it contorts into a helix and provides propulsive force. &#13;\n&#13;\nFour mathematical models are created to investigate the behaviour of the proposed flexible filament. An experimental prototype of the flexible tail is built for similar purposes. An experimental rigid tail is also built to serve as a benchmark.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe experimental results for propulsive force generated by the rigid tail match the Resistive-Force Theory (RFT) model. An analysis of the system concludes that experimental error is likely minor. An ADAMS model of the rigid tail, as a result of modelling error, under-predicts the propulsive force. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe experimental flexible filament shows that the proposed propulsion system is feasible. When actuated, the tail contorts into a `helix-like' shape and generates propulsive force. An ADAMS model of an ideal flexible filament shows that, if a complete helix is formed, there is no loss in performance when compared to a rigid counterpart. The experimental filament is too stiff to form a complete helix and, accordingly, the ADAMS model does not simulate the filament well.&#13;\n&#13;\nTo decrease this discrepancy, a second ADAMS model, attempting to directly simulate the experimental filament, rather than an ideal one, is created. Regardless, the second ADAMS model gives confidence that a multi-body dynamic model using lumped-parameter drag forces, after further modifications, can simulate the experimental flexible filament well.
Solid-State Light-Emitting Devices Based on the Tris-Chelated Ruthenium(II) Complex. 4. High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Devices Based on Derivatives of the Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) Complex (2002)

Light-emitting devices from the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] and new derivatives thereof were prepared. Due to the electrochemical nature of the device operation, single-layer devices in an ITO/ Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) complex + PMMA/Ag sandwich configuration achieved very high external quantum efficiencies. The derivatives of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) complex were designed and synthesized to inhibit self-quenching of the excited state by adding different alkyl substituents on the bipyridyl ligands. As a result, devices that contain these new Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) complexes show a higher photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiency than devices made from the unmodified Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) complex. External quantum efficiencies up to 5.5% at brightnesses in the range of 10-50 cd/m(2) are reported. In addition, the response time of such devices (which is a result of the electrochemical operation) has been shortened dramatically. An "instantaneous" light emission is achieved for devices that employ smaller counterions such as BF(4)(-) to increase the ionic conductivity. Such a device shows a response time of less than 1 s to emit 10-20 cd/m(2) after the operating voltage of 2.4 V has been applied.