gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new trifluorosilyl exchange reagent: reactions of Cd(SiF3)2·glyme (glyme = dimethoxyethane) with dibromo metal phosphine complexes of platinum, palladium, and nickel yield trifluorosilyl substituted dialkyl compounds (1990)

The reaction of excess Cd(SiF3)2·glyme (glyme = dimethoxyethane) with trimethylphosphine metal dibromides of platinum, palladium, and nickel yielded the trifluorosilyl substituted dialkyl compounds trans-Pt(SiF3)2(PMe3)2, Pd(SiF3)2(PMe3)2, and Ni(SiF3)2(PMe3)3.
Achieving efficient protein expression in Trichoderma reesei by using strong constitutive promoters (2012)

This work demonstrates the screening of constitutive promoters by using RT-qPCR in T. reesei, and has obtained the highest expression of recombinant xylanase II to date by using these promoters.
Therapeutic targets in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (2008)

Basic research has illuminated mechanisms by which classic therapies have antiproteinuric effects directly on the podocyte. As knowledge expands with improved molecular techniques, understanding signaling pathways in health and proteinuric states should lead to potential therapeutic targets in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
The challenge of dry eye diagnosis (2008)

The currently available methods for the diagnosis of dry eye are still far from being perfect for a variety of reasons. This review attempts to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of both traditional tests (such as Schirmer's test, break-up time and ocular surface staining) and innovative noninvasive procedures, including tear meniscus height measurement, corneal topography, functional visual acuity, tear interferometry, tear evaporimetry and tear osmolarity assessment.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE P‐TYPE CUPROUS OXIDE/NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE JUNCTION (1984)

Abstract Wegen der schnellen Degradation von p‐CuzO‐Photokathoden in wäßrigen Medien unter Sonnenbestrahlung wurden (Photo‐)Strom/Spannungs‐Charakteristiken mit flüssigem Ammoniakat von Nal (LASI) sowie mit Acetonitril als Elektrolyte untersucht (Interpretation nach demGärtner‐Modell mit Bestimmung von Festkörpereigenschaften wie Bandlücke und Minoritätsträger‐Diffusionslänge für C1120).
Fibre phase noise cancellation for long baseline optical networks (2011)

We demonstrate a technique for the stable transfer of an optical frequency reference over a kilometre scale optical fibre link. This technique implements phase measurements and laser feedback to cancel out phase fluctuations that are introduced to an optical frequency standard as it passes through the fibre. The resulting differential optical frequency noise reaches 0.5 mHz/√Hz for Fourier frequencies between 5 Hz and 20 Hz. This represents a fractional frequency stability of 1.7 × 10-18 /√Hz, at our measurement frequency of ~300 THz (1064nm).
Distributed PeCo-Mediator: finding partners via personal connections (2002)

In this paper, we describe the distributed PeCo-Mediator which supports a user to find a partner by using personal connections (PeCo). We have already proposed the PeCo-Mediator which allows members to share and use their PeCo. PeCo-Mediator is very practical for use in some small groups. However, in an organizational use there are some problems: (1) the user are reluctant to offer his/her personal details because they are private information; (2) since this system only supports the user in finding candidate partners, the user has to negotiate with them using the connection offered. Distributed PeCo-Mediator has two sub-systems: a PeCo-Collector for maintaining the individual PeCo in his/her own site, and a PeCo-Agent for supporting the negotiation between his/her and the candidate. It improves the privacy of users and also facilitates to find a cooperative and capable partner.
Graphical Stability Analysis of Slopes in Jointed Rock (1968)

Graphic projections on a reference hemisphere, using either stereo nets or equal-area nets, are utilized in geologic analyses. The same graphic concept can be used in practical engineering evaluations of the stability of slopes affected by a three-dimensional but planar geologic structure. The effects of remedial measures can also be evaluated. The elements of hemispheric projections such as equatorial nets, meridional nets, pole diagrams, great circles, small circles, friction cones etc. are illustrated on both equal-area nets and spatial views. An example shows the use of these elements in both geologic and engineering phases of a slope stability study. Both wedge-type slides along two planes and block-type movements on one plane with the opening of the other planes are considered. Blanks forms of the three nets used are included.
Genetic Diversity in F2 Segregating Population of Different Commercial Hybrids of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) (2010)

The F2 segregating generations of exotic tomato hybrids were studied to measure the genetic divergence. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the winter season 2007-08 on an upland soil. Multivariate analysis based on 22 agronomic characters showed that the segregating populations of 40 hybrids fell into six distant clusters. The inter-cluster distance (D2values) was maximum between cluster IV and V. The intra-cluster distances indicated that the genotypes within the cluster were less diverse. The highest intra-cluster distance was found in clusters II and V. Among the 22 agronomic characters, predominant fruit shape, fruit blossom end shape, number of nodes for first flower cluster, total soluble solid content, fruits per plant and individual fruit weight were the important component characters having higher contribution to the genetic divergence. Genotypes could be selected for early variety development from the F2 segregating population of Tom.15, Tom.24, Tom.31, Tom.32, Tom.34 and Tom.40. Considering the inter-genotypic distance, cluster distance and cluster mean Tom.15, Tom.16, Tom.18, Tom.25, Tom.26, Tom.30, Tom.31, Tom.32 and Tom.39 provided potential segregants to select as better parents for future hybridization program.
Columnar phases from semi-discoid molecules. Phase induction via hydrogen bonding and charge transfer interactions (1991)

Abstract To investigate the non-linear optical properties of nitrophenylhydrazones, a series of 4-nitro- and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of substituted aromatic aldehydes were synthesized. It was found that many of the dinitrophenythydrazone derivatives are liquid-crystalline and X-ray investigations show that the mesophase corresponds to a hexagonal columnar structure. To explain this unusual behaviour it is necessary to assume that a mesogenic structure is formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the dinitrophenylhydrazones. Charge transfer induced antiparallel alignment of these moleculer dipoles leads to discoid structures, forming the columnar phases.
Gamma Spectrum from Neutron Capture on Tungsten Isotopes (2011)

Abstract not provided
Branched Hydrosilane Oligomers as Ideal Precursors for Liquid‐Based Silicon‐Film Deposition (2017)

Herein a convenient synthetic method to obtain 2,2,3,3-tetrasilyltetrasilane 3 and 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexasilylpentasilane 4 on a multigram scale is presented. Proton-coupled <sup>29</sup> Si NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography enabled unequivocal structural assignment. Owing to their unique properties, which are reflected in their nonpyrophoric character on contact with air and their enhanced light absorption above 250 nm, 3 and 4 are valuable precursors for liquid-phase deposition (LPD) and the processing of thin silicon films. Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films of excellent quality were deposited starting from 3 and characterized by conductivity measurements, ellipsometry, optical microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.
Lymphoproliferative responses to hepatitis C virus core, E1, E2, and NS3 in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated with interferon alfa (1996)

The quality of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T-cell response may greatly determine the course of an HCV infection. An adequate T-cell response may contribute to a successful clearance of the virus and a rapid recovery from the disease. An inadequate response may lead to viral persistence and may eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage in chronic disease. The effect of interferon alfa (IFN-alpha), presently the most popular therapeutic agent for chronic HCV infections, on HCV-specific T-cell responses is completely unknown. To demonstrate the presence of HCV-specific T lymphocytes during chronic HCV infections, to know their antigenic specificities, and to examine possible effects of IFN-alpha treatment on their presence and antigen recognition patterns, we have stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 35 chronic HCV patients with nine pools of synthetic peptides representing the HCV Core, E1, and E2 proteins as well as with a recombinant NS3 protein. The proliferative responses of PBMC from 16 healthy control subjects toward these antigens were measured for comparison. Lymphoproliferative responses of patients with chronic HCV infections were assayed either before (in 10 patients), during (in 13 patients), or after (in 21 patients) treatment with IFN-alpha. The analysis showed that PBMC from most HCV patients consistently recognized the COOH-terminal part of the core protein. E1, E2, and NS3 were recognized less frequently. This recognition pattern was not related to the therapy with IFN-alpha nor to the clinical response of the patient toward this therapy. The response to the Core protein could be fine-mapped to the COOH-terminal region encompassing amino acids (aa) 73 to 92, 121 to 140, 145 to 164, and 157 to 176.
Fractal and topological properties of directed fractures (1994)

We use the Born model for the energy of elastic networks to simulate ``directed'' fracture growth. We define directed fractures as crack patterns showing a preferential evolution direction imposed by the type of stress and boundary conditions applied. This type of fracture allows a more realistic description of some kinds of experimental cracks and presents several advantages in order to distinguish between the various growth regimes. By choosing this growth geometry it is also possible to use without ambiguity the box-counting method to obtain the fractal dimension for different subsets of the patterns and for a wide range of the internal parameters of the model. We find a continuous dependence of the fractal dimension of the whole patterns and of their backbones on the ratio between the central- and noncentral-force contributions. For the chemical distance we find a one-dimensional behavior independent of the relevant parameters, which seems to be a common feature for fractal growth processes.
Studies of Impulse Strength and Impulse Testing Problems on High-Voltage Generators [includes discussion] (1953)

the impulsestrength of rotating machine windings isofconsiderable interest because itisnotfeasible toinsulate themfortheworst surges thatmay occur inservice. Unfortunately, there are design limitations inrotating machines whichpreclude someinternal design solutions thathavebeenapplied tostatic apparatus successfully. Theimportance ofspace andtheneed forphysical support ofcoils inmachines necessitate theuseofsolid barrier insulation andclosecapacitive coupling between thewinding andcore.The windingand itsinsulation structure present averycomplex system ofinductanceandcapacitance through whichthe energy ofasurge penetrates thenetwork ofanarmature winding somewhat asa cloud vaporentering a labyrinth. The surge enters thewinding along thecopper conductor, butfinds innumerable other paths along whichitbillows. Since this concept presents anunsolvable problem, ithasbeensimplified andistreated as acircuit problem based ontransmissionlinetheory, withsatisfactory solutions. Methodsandequipment forthesurge protection ofrotating machine windings havebeendescribed inliterature andwill notberepeated here.Thebasic principle ofsuchschemes istoemploycapacitance andinductance incombination with lightning arresters tolimit therateof voltage riseandthemaximumvoltage applied tothemachine terminals. The limitation ofvoltage magnitude isprimarily forprotecting thebasic ground insulation. Thesloping ofthewavefront provides protection forturninsulation by distributing thesurgevoltage across manyturns andpreventing itfrompiling upacross thefirst fewturnsattheterminal.
Real-time root-MUSIC DOA estimation via a parallel polynomial rooting method (2014)

This paper describes a new parallel polynomial rooting technique for root-MUSIC suitable for real-time signal processing applications. The proposed method is based on Newton's method adapted as global polynomial rooting technique. Well-defined complex dynamics of root-MUSIC polynomial's Newton map were exploited to prescribe a minimal set of initial points for Newton's method. Proposed set of initial points guarantee that at least one of them would converge to the root closest to the unit circle (that corresponds to the direction of arrival (DOA)). The proposed method was compared with existing general polynomial rooting technique in terms of computational complexity and possibility of parallelization. In addition, the performance of proposed system when incorporated into root-MUSIC was analyzed in terms of computations required to achieve a given accuracy of DOA.
Dressed Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

Ultrafast spectroscopy of semiconducting carbon nanotubes reveals transient modifications in the lowest exciton absorption peak. Below-gap excitation induces a blue-shift due to the optical Stark effect, while a Rabi doublet appears under resonant excitation.
Beautifying font (2017)

We propose a novel font called Beautifying Font to assist learning techniques in writing Chinese calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy has various expressions but they are hard to acquire for beginners. Beautifying Font visualizes the speed and pressure of brush-strokes so that users can intuitively understand how to write.
Cell-specific RNA interference by peptide-inhibited-peptidase-activated siRNAs. (2010)

The use of chemically-synthesized short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is the key method of choice to manipulate gene expression in mammalian cell cultures and in vivo. Several previous studies have aimed at inducing cell-specific RNA interference (RNAi) in order to use siRNA molecules as therapeutic reagents. Here, we used peptide-inhibited siRNAs that were activated after cleavage by cell-specific peptidases. We show that siRNAs with bound peptide at the antisense strand could be activated in target cells and were able to induce RNAi in a cell-specific manner. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-3 gene expression were selectively reduced in a JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cell line expressing the activating enzyme caspase-4, whereas the effect was absent in HEK cells which lacked the enzyme. In JEG-3 cells, reduction of STAT3 gene expression by conventional and peptide-inhibited siRNA led to a decrease in cell proliferation. This suggests that peptide-inhibited siRNAs provide improved cell specificity and offers new opportunities for their therapeutic use.
Studies on Benzoheterocyclic Compounds. I (1965)

Fusion of anthranilamide (VII) with urea or thiourea respectively gave 3-aryl-2, 4-(1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione (I) and 3-aryl-2-thio-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione (II). 3-Aryl-2, 3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinone (III) was obtained from VII and formaldehyde (cf. Chart 1 and Table I). Central-inhibiting action of the 25 compounds thus obtained was tested and those exhibiting a comparatively strong activity are listed in Tables II, III, and IV.
On the Measurement of Sound Power using a Cubical Arrangement of Microphones in a Small Rigid Sphere (2019)

Recently a new acoustic measurement device, the SonoCat, has become available. The probe consists of 8 MEMSmicrophones, embedded in a small rigid sphere. By accurately calibrating the amplitude and phase mismatch betweenthe microphones, the probe is able to measure the sound intensity accurately. In this paper, we will explain the methodthat has been used to derive the sound intensity from the measured pressure signals and how the effect of the presenceof the sphere has been accounted for. In addition, we will show experimental results, obtained in the anechoic room ofthe University of Twente, comparing the sound intensity, as measured by the probe, with a benchmark sound intensityprobe. The accuracy and precision of the new probe will be discussed.
Catalytic materials for efficient electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (2020)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the simplest peroxide consisting of only hydrogen and oxygen, is globally used as a green oxidant. It is also a promising fuel source, and it can be produced on large scales in centralized containers. H2O2 is mainly produced by the anthraquinone process, but it involves energy-consuming reactions and generates organic waste. As the demand for H2O2 continues to grow, alternative technologies that overcome these drawbacks are sought for its generation. The generation of H2O2 through the redox reaction of water and oxygen can be a low-cost, sustainable, and efficient production method. However, this reaction requires active and stable catalysts. In general, H2O2 can be generated by the oxidation of H2O at the anode of an electrochemical cell. Alternatively, H2O2 can also be formed by the reduction of O2 at the cathode. Despite the progress in the development and advancement of materials that catalyze these reactions, further research is required to increase the electron transport rates and active sites of the catalyst. In this article, we review the available catalytic materials for the electrochemical production of H2O2 and provide a summary and outlook of this field.
A Ferrimagnetic Resonance Thermometer for Microwave Power Environment (2005)

A thermometric technique employing microwave observation of temperature-dependent magnetic resonance of a small ferromagnetic sensing element is described. This device is suitable for use in enclosures in which microwave power is used for research or in industrial processing.
Potentiometric response of Ag/AgCl sensor in Portland and slag cement pastes (2018)

Determination of the free chloride content in a concrete structure is important for evaluation of the risk of corrosion of reinforcing steel. The Ag/AgCl sensor is sensitive to chloride ions and exhibits an open circuit potential (OCP) that depends on the chloride ions activity in the environment. The interference of hydroxide and sulfide ions in the pore solution of cementitious materials with the sensor affects the stability of the sensor’s OCP. &lt;br/&gt;In this paper, the sensor’s OCP (i.e. sensor reading) in Portland and slag cement pastes is monitored over 300 days of immersion in solutions with different chloride concentration. The results show the applicability of the chloride sensor for continuous and non-destructive determination of the free chloride content in Portland cement paste. The significantly different OCP of the sensor in slag cement paste was attributed to the interference of sulfide ions and formation of Ag2S on the sensor’s surface. Hence, the content of free chloride ions in slag cement paste could not be determined from the sensor’s OCP. The acid-soluble chloride and water-soluble chloride in the cement pastes were also determined after 300 days of immersion of specimens in the solutions. In case of Portland cement paste, the measured acid and water-soluble chlorides were compared to the sensor reading. The acid and water-soluble chlorides were higher than sensor reading. The release of physically and chemically bound chlorides into the acid and water solvents were the main cause for this trend. The results show the importance of cement type and chloride binding ability of hydration products for the sensor’s response and the acid and water-soluble chloride contents. &lt;br/&gt;
Estimated Lifetime Benefit of Combined RAAS and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Albuminuric CKD without Diabetes (2022)

Benazepril for Advanced Chronic Renal Insufficiency, NCT00270426, and a Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal Outcomes and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Dapa-CKD), NCT03036150.
Scatter-based magnetic resonance elastography (2009)

Elasticity is a sensitive measure of the microstructural constitution of soft biological tissues and increasingly used in diagnostic imaging. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) uniquely allows in vivo measurement of the shear elasticity of brain tissue. However, the spatial resolution of MRE is inherently limited as the transformation of shear wave patterns into elasticity maps requires the solution of inverse problems. Therefore, an MRE method is introduced that avoids inversion and instead exploits shear wave scattering at elastic interfaces between anatomical regions of different shear compliance. This compliance-weighted imaging (CWI) method can be used to evaluate the mechanical consistency of cerebral lesions or to measure relative stiffness differences between anatomical subregions of the brain. It is demonstrated that CWI-MRE is sensitive enough to reveal significant elasticity variations within inner brain parenchyma: the caudate nucleus (head) was stiffer than the lentiform nucleus and the thalamus by factors of 1.3 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.2, respectively (P < 0.001). CWI-MRE provides a unique method for characterizing brain tissue by identifying local stiffness variations.
Ectopic Ureter Presenting as Anterior Wall Vaginal Prolapse (2014)

The differential diagnoses for anterior wall vaginal prolapse (AWVP) include cystocele, enterocele, urethral diverticulum, and Gartner duct cyst. We present a case of a patient with a known solitary right kidney (congenital absence of a left kidney) presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms, absence of urinary incontinence, and feeling of bulge in the vagina. Physical examination revealed grade II AWVP. Because congenital solitary kidney can be associated with other possible genitourinary abnormalities, a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a tubular structure spanning the left retroperitoneum to the region of the AWVP. Urodynamics revealed an obstructive voiding pattern during pressure-flow phase. The combination of transvaginal and transabdominal surgical excision of the tubular structure resolved the patient's lower urinary tract and prolapse symptoms. Anatomically, her AWVP was corrected. Histopathologic examination of the tubular structure revealed presence of urothelium lining the lumen of the tubular structure consistent with a ureter. This case represents the rare situation in which an ectopic ureter presented as an AWVP. However, patients with congenital solitary kidney presenting with vaginal prolapse should raise the suspicion for other associated genitourinary anomalies, whether these anomalies are related to the prolapse or not. Cross-sectional imaging should be performed in these situations to delineate precise anatomy.
Cl Insertion onSi(100)−(2×1): Etching Under Conditions of Supersaturation (2007)

We use scanning tunneling microscopy to show that Cl2 dosing of Cl-saturated Si(100)-(2x1) surfaces at elevated temperature leads to uptake beyond "saturation" and allows access to a new etching pathway. This process involves Cl insertion in Si-Si dimer bonds or backbonds, diffusion of the inserted Cl, and ultimately desorption of SiCl2. Investigations into the etch kinetics reveal that insertion occurs via a novel form of Cl2 dissociative chemisorption that is mediated by dangling bond sites. Upon dissociation, one Cl atom adsorbs at the dangling bond while the other can insert.