gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Implications of a False Positive Second-Trimester Serum Screen for Down Syndrome (2003)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic and obstetric implications of false positive Down syndrome serum screening results. METHODS The study population comprised 162,774 women underwent triple marker screening in the Ontario Maternal Serum Screening program between October 1995 and September 1998, with outcomes obtained from the Canadian Institute of Health Information. The study compares the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities other than Down syndrome in screen positive women with background incidence from the literature. It also compares the risks of having a fetus with congenital abnormalities or of developing obstetric complications in 11,549 screen positive women with their matched controls. RESULTS A higher incidence of trisomy 13 (12.4 per 10,000) was seen in screen positive women; the incidence of other chromosomal abnormalities in screen positive women was not increased relative to the general population. The higher incidence of trisomy 13 may have been biased by the selective uptake of amniocentesis in women who had high risks for Down syndrome or abnormal ultrasound findings. Incidences of fetal congenital abnormality in screen positive and negative women were similar. Women who screened positive for Down syndrome had increased risk of spontaneous fetal loss (odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.54, 2.07) but no other obstetric complications. CONCLUSION Among women who screened positive for Down syndrome, we found a higher number of spontaneous fetal losses and a possibly higher risk of having a fetus with trisomy 13. We did not find an increased risk for other chromosomal abnormalities, congenital abnormalities, or other adverse obstetric outcomes. Screening positive for Down syndrome indicated a possible higherrisk for trisomy 13 and a higher risk for spontaneous fetal loss but not other adverse outcomes.
Mechanizmy wirulencji Streptococcus pyogenes (2012)

e group A Streptococcus ( Streptococcus pyogenes , GAS) is responsible for over 600 million infections and over half million deaths a year. GAS is a major human pathogen which causes diseases ranging from mild superficial infections of the throat or skin, up to severe systemic and invasive diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Nowadays, post-infection sequelae such as glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever are also alarming medical problems worldwide. Molecular analyses of streptococcal virulence carried by multiple centers worldwide, suggest the presence of a complex mechanism that coordinates pathogenesis. It involves a broad range of unique protein virulence factors, as M protein, superantigens, proteases and DNases, a>ecting tissues and the host's immune system. Detailed analyses of individual virulence factors as well as regulatory systems that coordinate expression of virulence factors are the first steps on the way to develop innovative strategies for diagnostics and treatment. =is review aims to highlight the epidemiology of S. pyogenes and summarize the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of its virulence.
Oxidation of sulphides to sulphoxides with 1-chlorobenzotriazole (1969)

W. D. Kingsbury and C. R. Johnson, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 365 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000365
Structural, Microstructural and Electrical Properties of La[sub 0.67](Ba,Sr)[sub 0.33]MnO[sub 3] System (2011)

La0.67(Ba,Sr)0.33MnO3 were prepared via solid‐state reaction method. Rietveld refinement showed that when Ba2+(1.49Å) is replaced with smaller ion, Sr2+(1.32Å), its lattice parameter, volume, bond distance and angle decreases, and also different microstructure was obtained. Transition temperature, Tp shifted to higher temperature while the resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) behaviour of samples were quite similar. This phenomenon believed to be due to the variation of spin‐dependent scattering and/or spin‐polarization tunneling across the grain surface/boundary. Typical polycrystalline (intrinsic and extrinsic MR) type of MR is shown for both samples. The highest % of low‐field magnetoresistance (LFMR) (at 0.1T) of ‐11.5% and ‐10.2% at 80 K was given by La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (LBMO) and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) samples respectively.
Genetic variation is associated with PTSD risk and aversive memory: Evidence from two trauma-Exposed African samples and one healthy European sample (2018)

The probability to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by vivid, intrusive emotional memories of the encountered traumatic events, depends - among other factors - on the number of previous traumatic experiences (traumatic load) and individual genetic vulnerability. So far, our knowledge regarding the biological underpinnings of PTSD is relatively sparse. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by independent replication might help to discover novel, so far unknown biological mechanisms associated with the development of traumatic memories. Here, a GWAS was conducted in N = 924 Northern Ugandan rebel war survivors and identified seven suggestively significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p ≤ 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) for lifetime PTSD risk. Of these seven SNPs, the association of rs3852144 on chromosome 5 was replicated in an independent sample of Rwandan genocide survivors (N = 370, p < .01). While PTSD risk increased with accumulating traumatic experiences, the vulnerability was reduced in carriers of the minor G-allele in an additive manner. Correspondingly, memory for aversive pictures decreased with higher number of the minor G-allele in a sample of N = 2698 healthy Swiss individuals. Finally, investigations on N = 90 PTSD patients treated with Narrative Exposure Therapy indicated an additive effect of genotype on PTSD symptom change from pre-treatment to four months after treatment, but not between pre-treatment and the 10-months follow-up. In conclusion, emotional memory formation seems to decline with increasing number of rs3852144 G-alleles, rendering individuals more resilient to PTSD development. However, the impact on therapy outcome remains preliminary and further research is needed to determine how this intronic marker may affect memory processes in detail.
Physical Layer Abstraction Model for RadioWeaves (2022)

RadioWeaves, in which distributed antennas with integrated radio and compute resources serve a large number of users, is envisioned to provide high data rates in next-generation wireless systems. In this paper, we develop a physical layer abstraction model to evaluate the performance of different RadioWeaves deployment scenarios. This model helps speed up system-level simulators of the RadioWeaves and is made up of two blocks. The first block generates a vector of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) corresponding to each coherence block, and the second block predicts the packet error rate corresponding to the SINRs generated. The vector of SINRs generated depends on different parameters such as the number of users, user locations, antenna configurations, and precoders. We have also considered different antenna gain patterns, such as omni-directional and directional microstrip patch antennas. Our model exploits the benefits of exponential effective SINR mapping (EESM). We study the robustness and accuracy of the EESM for RadioWeaves.
First Tin Pnictide Halides Sn24P19.3I8 and Sn24As19.3I8:  Synthesis and the Clathrate-I Type of the Crystal Structure (1999)

Sn(24)P(19.3)I(8) (I) and Sn(24)As(19.3)I(8) (II) have been prepared by a standard ampule synthesis. I crystallizes in a cubic space group Pm&thremacr;n, a = 10.9540(10) Å, z = 1. The crystal structure of I is built of the 3D net composed of tin and phosphorus atoms, while iodine atoms occupy large polyhedral holes of two different types, pentagonal dodecahedral and tetrakaidodecahedral. An arrangement of such polyhedra follows that of the clathrate-I type. The 3D net has vacancies at one of the phosphorus atoms positions. The vacancies cause the split of the tin atomic position into two, having different coordination, which is reflected in the (119)Sn Mössbauer spectrum. The vacancy concentration correlates well with the occupancy factors of the split tin atomic positions, and in accordance with the Zintl-Klemm formalism for valence compounds, I is a narrow-gap semiconductor. Powder diffraction data shows that II belongs to the same clathrate family, but has an 8 times larger face-centered cubic unit cell.
Extreme red shifted SERS nanotags (2015)

Surfaced enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags operating with 1280 nm excitation were constructed from reporter molecules selected from a library of 14 chalcogenopyrylium dyes containing phenyl, 2-thienyl, and 2-selenophenyl substituents and a surface of hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs). These 1280 SERS nanotags are unique as they have multiple chalcogen atoms available which allow them to adsorb strongly onto the gold surface of the HGN thus producing exceptional SERS signals at this long excitation wavelength. Picomolar limits of detection (LOD) were observed and individual reporters of the library were identified by principal component analysis and classified according to their unique structure and SERS spectra.
Targeted α-therapy of prostate cancer using radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors: a game changer in nuclear medicine. (2018)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men and is a major contributor to cancer related deaths worldwide. Metastatic spread and disease progression under androgen deprivation therapy signify the onset of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa)-the lethal form of the disease, which severely deteriorates the quality of life of patients. Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made toward identifying appropriate molecular targets that could enable efficient <i>in vivo</i> targeting for non-invasive imaging and therapy of mCPRCa. In this context, a promising enzymatic target is prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is overexpressed on PCa cells, in proportion to the stage and grade of the tumor progression. This is especially relevant for mCRPCa, which has significant overexpression of PSMA. For therapy of mCRPCa, several nuclear medicine clinics all over the world have confirmed that <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled-PSMA enzyme inhibitors (<sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 and <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA I&T) have a favorable dosimetry and convincing therapeutic response. However, ~30% of patients were found to be short or non-responders and dose escalation was severely limited by chronic hematological toxicity. Such limitations could be better overcome by targeted alpha therapy (TAT) which has the potential to bring a paradigm shift in treatment of mCRPCa patients. This concise review presents an overview of the successes and challenges currently faced in TAT of mCRPCa using radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors. The preclinical and clinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is expected that this therapeutic modality will play a pivotal role in advanced stage PCa management in the foreseeable future.
Development of a high-power TEA CO 2 laser pumped by an all-solid state exciter and its application to new material processing (1998)

An average laser output power as high as 5 kW has been produced from a TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser pumped with a new solid state exciter. The exciter providing a 100 J transfer energy consisted of a high voltage pulse generator and a two stage magnetic pulse compressor. A sophisticated discharge head was equipped with the corona preionization with acoustic dampers. A maximum average laser power of 4.6 kW was attained at a repetition rate of 550 Hz with an overall efficiency as high as 10.5%. A maximum repetition rate achieved was 1.1 kHz, at which the corresponding laser output was 3.4 kW. New TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser applications to material processing include organic material ablation, semiconductor material ablation, ceramic ablations and aluminum conductor line writing on aluminum nitride ceramic.
Differential blockade of cat dorsal root C fibers by various chloride solutions (1972)

✓ A possible mechanism by which intrathecal infusion of partially frozen saline might relieve patients of chronic pain has been studied by applying hypertonic saline to the dorsal rootlets of cats in vitro . The supernatant of partially thawed normal saline was found to be hypertonic. Persistent block of C fibers, detected by a collision method, occurred after the rootlets had been exposed to saline from 500 to 2500 mOsm/L for 15 min followed by 15 min of isotonic saline. Few of the A fibers were blocked by this procedure, but both A and C fibers were blocked when solutions of 3500 mOsm/L were used. Differential blockage of C fibers could also be produced with hypotonic saline and with distilled water. Localized cooling, to 2°C for 25 min, had no persistent effect on C fiber conduction, and when cooling was combined with hypertonic saline there was no potentiation of the differential blockade caused by the saline. Hypertonic solutions of sucrose or sodium nitrate produced no persistent differential block; most A and C fibers recovered. However, choline chloride was as effective as sodium chloride in giving a differential blockade. It seems that chloride ion plays a major role in establishing the persistent C fiber blockade observed when dorsal rootlets are exposed to hypertonic saline.
Poliovirus-Binding Inhibition ELISA for Evaluation of Immune Response to Oral Poliovirus Vaccine: A Possible Alternative to the Neutralization Test (2005)

This study describes an ELISA variant (Binding Inhibition ELISA, BI ELISA) for the quantitative determination of neutralization-relevant antibodies to polioviruses. The test differs from previously described analogs by utilizing polyclonal immune reagents: capture antibodies and biotin-labeled detecting antibodies. The BI ELISA was compared with the conventional neutralization test (NT) by testing live Sabin and wild-type poliovirus strains. The comparison of 68 serum samples taken from Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) recipients showed 100% specificity and sensitivity for Sabin 1 and Sabin 2, and 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity for Sabin 3. Good correlations (r = 0.7, 0.77, 0.65 for Sabin 1, 2, 3, respectively) were demonstrated between the NT and BI ELISA results. These results indicate that the BI ELISA can be used as a reliable alternative to the NT for determination of neutralization-relevant antibodies to polioviruses in vaccinees and in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies.
Under voltage load shedding for voltage stability overview of concepts and principles (2004)

Undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) has been employed in the electric utility industry as a 'safety net' measure to prevent or reduce the possibility of voltage collapse due to low-probability/high impact disturbances. This work provides an introduction to and provides an overview of the design and implementation considerations of a UVLS scheme. An overview of the power system equipment that impacts UVLS design and operation is provided. This is followed by a discussion of some UVLS fundamentals.
Selfconsistent band structures and optical calculations in cubic ferroelectric perovskites (1990)

Abstract The band structures of SrTiO3 BaTio3 and KNbO3 in the cubic perovsikte structure are calculated using the first-prinicipals selfconsistent orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. In all three crystals, indirect band gaps of about 3 eV are obtained. The top of the valence band is at R and the minimum in the conduction band is at f. Effective charge calculation and the charg. 1 density maps reveal the highly ionic nature of the crystal bonding in these ferroelectric crystals. The optical conductivities and the frequency dependent dielectric functions up to 20 eV in all three crystals are also evaluated using the energy eigenvalues and wave functions obtained from the band calculation. The calculated spectra are found to be in good agreement with the existing experimental measurements.
Observations on intensity oscillations in reflection high-energy electron diffraction during gas source molecular beam epitaxy of InP (1988)

We report the first observation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations during the growth of InP using trimethylindium and phosphine in gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). By optimizing the growth conditions, intensity oscillations more than 700 periods have been observed. The temperature and flux dependence of the oscillating behavior have been studied. Results indicate that the growth of InP by GSMBE is predominantly via a two-dimensional layer-by-layer mode.
Protoplast Dielectrophoresis in Axisymmetric Fields (1985)

Abstract Pea protoplasts dielectrophoretic coefficients were measured in alternating electric fields of frequency 1 M Hz and voltage 5 V applied between two concentric cylindrical metal electrodes of outer and inner radii 0.24 mm and 1 mm, respectively. They do not vary significantly with solution osmolarity, but show a clear expressed maximum in isotonic conditions; the values in 0.4 ᴍ, 0.5 ᴍ, 0.6 ᴍ and 0.7 ᴍ manitol solutions are (6.5, 10.2, 8.8 and 5.6) × 10 −24 A 2 s 4 /Kg, pectively. The average cell radii in those conditions are 14.2 µm, 14.6 µm, 13.8 µm and 13.6 µm. The radii of cell-to-electrode contacts follow the same dependence on the osmolarity as the dielectrophoretic coefficients; they do not depend on the applied voltages up to 18V. The times of cell approach near to the electrode were too short to be explained by the action only of the dielectrophoretic force; consequently an attractive force appeared at very close approach. These results may be of use in future studies of membrane adhesion and fusion.
A FRAME MODEL APPROACH FOR EXPERT AND DATABASE SYSTEM INTEGRATION (1999)

Expert systems (ES) and database systems (DBS) are major components of information systems and important assets to companies. The development of these systems represent users' knowledge in the application systems. As computer technologies evolve, and as users requirements change, there is a need to upgrade these system to meet the new application requirements. To preserve the knowledge of the existing information systems, a methodology for integrating ES and DBS into an expert database system (EDS) is proposed. The integrated EDS is a knowledge based system (KBS) which derives and stores knowledge in a frame model consisting of a class header, attributes, methods and constraints. It extracts the ES rules and DBS data for an application into coupling classes at run time only. The attributes of the coupling classes are matched with synonyms in a synonym table which resolves their naming and semantic conflicts with user assistance in knowledge acquisition. The resultant EDS is a KBS ready for application development.
The Analysis of Web Tools based on HTML and XML (2001)

This article analyses strongpoints and disadvantages of five WEB tools for HTML and four WEB tools for XML. [
Interactions of the Dimeric Triad of HIV-1 Aspartyl Protease with Inhibitors (2003)

Strong hydrogen-bonding forces between the Thr26 and Thr26' of the protease stabilize the internal cage of the dimeric triad of the aspartyl HIV-1 protease (Asp25Thr26Gly27 and Asp25' Thr26'Gly27', respectively). The interaction of reversible inhibitors of HIV-1 protease is based on (i) strong hydrogen-bonding forces between the main chain (--CONH--) oxygen atoms of Gly27 and/or Gly27' and hydrogen-bond donating moieties of a drug, and (ii) hydrogen bonds between the oxygen of the catalytic Asp25 and/or Asp25' carboxylates and aliphatic hydroxyl groups of a drug. The free entry of natural substrates into the active-site cavity is sterically hindered by inhibitors, so that the catalytic Asp carboxylates cannot interact with natural substrates. Irreversible inhibitors interact with the nucleophilic carboxylate moiety of Asp25 of HIV-1 protease by covalent bonding.
ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19 (2020)

COVID-19 is becoming a leading cause of mortality throughout the world, and few effective therapies are currently available. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is essential to COVID-19 pathogenesis, as the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) is required for viral entry and development of COVID-19. ACE2 regulates the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that endows anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Preclinical data suggest ACE2 might be downregulated after SARS-CoV-2 binding, and treatments that increase ACE2 may prevent cardiopulmonary injury. Development, testing, and mass production of novel ACE2 therapies may take years, whereas more effective treatments for COVID-19 are needed urgently. Metformin is a widely available anti-diabetic agent that has an excellent safety profile, and clinical and preclinical data suggest metformin may offer cardiopulmonary protection in COVID-19 via enhanced ACE2 expression.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. (2007)

No abstract available PMID: 17582072
New Electro-Optical effects in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1979)

Electrical properties of a series of p-alkoxybenzylidene p'-amino-2methylbutyl cinnamate have been studied and ferroelectric characteristics (D-E hysteresis, spontaneous polarization, dielectric constant, etc.) are revealed in the smectic-C and -H phases of the compounds with alkoxy chain length n longer than 5. Transmission of light through the homogeneously aligned cell of these ferroelectric liquid crystals in smectic-C phase increases with the application of electric field above some threshold, which is explained by the decrease of the scattering due to the reorientation of ferroelectric multidomain into single domain by the field. Contrast, rising time, and decay time of this electro-optical effect are studied as functions of the temperature, cell thickness and the length of alkoxy chain. Detailed mechanism and the application as display and memory elements are discussed. Colour switching is also found by applying electric field parallel to the glass plates of the homeotropic aligned cell in smectic-C and-H phases between two polarizers.
Thermal radiation control from hot graphene electrons coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity (2019)

Controlling thermal radiation is central in a range of applications including sensing, energy harvesting, and lighting. The thermal emission spectrum can be strongly modified through the electromagnetic local density of states (EM LDOS) in nanoscale-patterned metals and semiconductors. However, these materials become unstable at high temperature, preventing improvements in radiative efficiency and applications such as thermophotovoltaics. Here, we report stable high-temperature thermal emission based on hot electrons (>2000 K) in graphene coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity, which strongly modifies the EM LDOS. The electron bath in graphene is highly decoupled from lattice phonons, allowing a comparatively cool temperature (700 K) of the photonic crystal nanocavity. This thermal decoupling of hot electrons from the LDOS-engineered substrate opens a broad design space for thermal emission control that would be challenging or impossible with heated nanoscale-patterned metals or semiconductor materials.
Microneedle patch based on dissolving, detachable microneedle technology for improved skin quality of the periorbital region. Part 2: Clinical Evaluation (2020)

The applicator with 650 soluble microneedles on its surface containing hyaluronic and ferulic acids is considered a safe, effective and convenient way to improve the skin quality in the periorbital region after six procedures. Nevertheless, additional studies of soluble microneedles are required to fully assess the amount and distribution area of the injected hyaluronic acid and other active components, as well as to detail the mechanism of action of soluble microneedles to improve skin quality.