gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic changes and alternate promoter usage by human colon cancers for expressing DCLK1-isoforms: Clinical Implications (2015)

DCLK1 specifically marks colon/pancreatic cancers in mice, and is expressed by human colon adenocarcinomas (hCRCs). Down-regulation of DCLK1 results in loss of cancer-stem-cells (CSCs), and inhibits spheroidal/xenograft growths from hCRC-cells. The 5'-promoter of DCLK1-gene is reportedly hypermethylated in hCRCs, resulting in loss of expression of DCLK1-transcripts, originating from 5'(α)-promoter (termed DCLK1-L, in here). However, in mouse colon-tumors, 5'-promoter of DCLK1-gene remains unchanged, and DCLK1-L, originating from 5'(α)-promoter, is expressed. We hypothesized that elevated levels of DCLK1-protein in hCRC-cells, may be transcribed/translated from an alternate-promoter. Several in silico and molecular biology approaches were used to test our hypothesis. We report for the first time that majority of hCRCs express short-transcripts of DCLK1 (termed DCLK1-S, in here) from an alternate β-promoter in IntronV of the gene, while normal-colons mainly express DCLK1-L from 5'(α)-promoter. We additionally report an important role of β-catenin and TCF4/LEF binding-sites for activating (α)-promoter, while activated NF-κBp65 (bound to NF-κB-cis-element), activates (β)-promoter in cancer-cells. DCLK1-S expression was examined in a cohort of 92 CRC patients; high-expressors had significantly worse overall-survival compared to low-expressors. Our novel findings' regarding usage of alternate (β)-promoter by hCRCs, suggests that DCLK1-S may represent an important target for preventing/inhibiting colon-cancers, and for eliminating colon-CSCs.
Voice to Vision VIII: Sixty-Nine Years Later (2013)

University of Minnesota Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. University of Minnesota Department of Art.
Induction of enkephalin in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons during lactation. (1993)

Single- and double-labeling immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate that the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons of lactating rats, in contrast to those of male or female rats on any day of the estrous cycle, synthesize enkephalin which is colocalized with dopamine. Each enkephalin-immunopositive perikaryon in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus contains dopamine; therefore, the median eminence of lactating rats contains high levels of enkephalin compared to male or female rats. It has been shown that endogenous opiates, including enkephalin, stimulate PRL secretion by reversing the inhibitory action of dopamine at the level of the TIDA neurons. The present findings suggest that enkephalin, coproduced with dopamine in TIDA neurons of lactating rats, may be an endogenous source for this action and maintain elevated PRL and milk secretion during the nonsuckling periods of lactation.
Effect of Hydrophobic Moieties in Water-Soluble Polymers on Physical Exfoliation of Graphene (2015)

Graphene is a fascinating material with unique properties, such as high mechanical strength and excellent electronic and thermal conductivities, as well as many other beneficial properties. Despite much recent effort, the facile synthesis and colloidal stabilization of graphene in aqueous solutions remains central to both academic research and practical applications. Here, we provide an in-depth insight into how the hydrophobic moieties of polymers affect the physical exfoliation of graphite into graphenes in aqueous solution. Four different polymers with graphene-like moieties, such as phenyl- and pyrenyl-functionalized side chains, were synthesized on the basis of the two water-soluble polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and dextran. Simply, sonication of graphite with the polymers in an aqueous solution produced stable graphene dispersions even after centrifugation. The ability of the polymers to exfoliate graphene sheets from the graphite was systematically investigated. Notably, 10 wt % phenyl-PVA led to the production of 46.7% bilayer and 26.7% 3- or 4-layer graphene flakes. An in-depth study into this and similar results was performed using density functional theory and MMFF94 computational tools, which led to better understanding of the interaction between graphene and the polymers in the solution. The polymers used can efficiently cleave graphite into graphene pieces without significant degradation of the sp2 carbon bonding network and then stabilize them in the aqueous solution, in contrast with the so-called “reduced graphene oxide”. This approach is advantageous for the large-scale production of high-quality, few-layer graphene. Moreover, a judicious combination of the parent polymer backbone and the functional side chains might allow the control of the size and number of layers of the graphene flakes made in the aqueous solution. Lastly, graphene gels were directly prepared from the aqueous graphene/polymer solution; further, their potentials for two model applications, as a dye adsorbent and gel electrolyte, were demonstrated.
Disrupt or be disrupted in the new world of work : : feature (2016)

The next industrial evolution will not unfold like the last. New jobs will not replace the ones lost in the shift from human labour to computers. As machines take over, today's job market will change beyond recognition. In the 2015 Financial Times best-seller, Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, Martin Ford says that, as technology becomes more sophisticated and capable, it will increasingly be able to do the jobs of humans. This digital shift will create many issues for the future world of work. People will need to retool to remain relevant. Even then, jobs emerging in entirely new industries will become automated shortly after that, continuously demanding new skills. The constant change will make it incredibly difficult for organisations to plan workforce resourcing and for people to choose which skills to acquire or further develop.
Abstract 11401: The Association of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity with Coronary and Extra-Coronary Calcification: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2021)

Introduction: Increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is considered the standard non-invasive measurement of central arterial stiffness and is associated positively with cardiovascular disease. However, its relationship with coronary artery calcium (CAC) and extra-coronary calcification (ECC) in older adults is unclear. Hypothesis: cfPWV has a stronger relationship with aortic calcification as it is a large conduit artery, compared to small end-organ coronary arteries. Methods: In 1,409 ARIC participants aged 74-91 without prior coronary heart disease at visit 7 (2018-19), we quantified associations of cfPWV and high CAC or ECC using multivariable logistic regression models. PWV test was conducted at either visit 6 (2016-2017) or 7, and 725 participants completed PWV test at visit 6. cfPWV was measured using VP-1000plus (Omron Healthcare) and was categorized into tertiles. High CAC and ECC (aortic valve, aortic valve ring, mitral valve, ascending aorta, and descending aorta calcification) &gt;75th percentile of Agatston score were analyzed separately as dependent variables. Results: Those in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of cfPWV were significantly more likely to have high CAC (adjusted OR 1.66 [1.19, 2.33]) (Table). The strongest association was seen for high descending aorta calcification, with adjusted ORs of 3.53 (2.47, 5.03) for the highest tertile of cfPWV and 1.90 (1.33, 2.71) for the middle tertile, compared with the lowest tertile. High mitral valve calcification but not aortic valve calcification was significantly associated with cfPWV. Conclusions: Higher cfPWV was robustly associated with high calcification of some, but not all, vascular beds examined, especially descending aorta calcification. Our findings further support unique pathophysiological processes across different vascular beds. The robust association between cfPWV and mitral valve calcification warrants future investigation.
Catalytic decomposition of dibenzothiophene sulfone over K-based oxides supported on alumina (2022)

K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 catalyst could exhibit a superior conversion of sulfones at a lower reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the conversion of sulfones was linearly correlated with the logarithm of the total basic sites of the catalyst.
Functional Characterization and Novel Rickettsiostatic Effects of a Kunitz-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor from the Tick Dermacentor variabilis (2008)

Here we report the novel bacteriostatic function of a five-domain Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KPI) from the tick Dermacentor variabilis. As ticks feed, they release anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive molecules that mediate the formation of the feeding lesion on the mammalian host. A number of KPIs have been isolated and characterized from tick salivary gland extracts. Interestingly, we observe little D. variabilis KPI gene expression in the salivary gland and abundant expression in the midgut. However, our demonstration of D. variabilis KPI's anticoagulant properties indicates that D. variabilis KPI may be important for blood meal digestion in the midgut. In addition to facilitating long-term attachment and blood meal acquisition, gene expression studies of Drosophila, legumes, and ticks suggest that KPIs play some role in the response to microbial infection. Similarly, in this study, we show that challenge of D. variabilis with the spotted fever group rickettsia, Rickettsia montanensis, results in sustained D. variabilis KPI gene expression in the midgut. Furthermore, our in vitro studies show that D. variabilis KPI limits rickettsial colonization of L929 cells (mouse fibroblasts), implicating D. variabilis KPI as a bacteriostatic protein, a property that may be related to D. variabilis KPI's trypsin inhibitory capability. This work suggests that anticoagulants play some role in the midgut during feeding and that D. variabilis KPI may be involved as part of the tick's defense response to rickettsiae.
Life cycle toxicity analysis of emerging PV cells (2016)

The rapid improvement in the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells has resulted in an overall reduction in the environmental impacts. Simultaneously, the source of the impacts has shifted from the processing energy to the materials themselves. We analyzed the potential toxicity of new materials to provide insight into material and technology selection. We evaluated metal releases to different ecological compartments and estimated human and ecological toxicity potentials using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. We observed that leaching of metals to the environment during the use or end-of-life phase can significantly increase the toxicity.
Inelastic Diffractive Scattering at Energies of 140 to 175 GeV (1976)

Inelastic differential cross sections have been measured for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, and ${p}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ at 140- and 175-GeV/c incident momentum over a $|t|$ range from 0.05 to 0.6 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ and covering a missing-mass region from 2.4 to 9 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. For $M_{x}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}$ greater than 4 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, the invariant quantity $\frac{M_{x}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}dM_{x}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}$ was found to be independent of $M_{x}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}$ at fixed $t$ and could be adequately described by a simple triple-Pomeron form. The values obtained for the triple-Pomeron couplings are identical within statistics for all channels.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from lentil seeds (Lens culinaris) with various solvents (1995)

Phenolic compounds were extracted from lentil seeds (Lens culinaris) using acetone-water, methanol-water and ethanol-water system (8:2 v/v) at 80°C. The content of sugars and phenolic compounds in the extracts was determined colorimetrically. UV spectra were measured and TLC analysis was performed on silica gel to compare phenolic compounds extracted with particular solvent systems. Prevailing amount of sugars and phenolic compounds was extracted by all three solvent systems during the first 15 min of extraction. Acetone-water system extracted markedly greater amounts of phenolic compounds compared with methanol-water or ethanol-water systems. UV spectra of the extracts were similar. In acetone extract, TLC analysis revealed the presence of tannins of higher molecular weight which were not found in ethanol and methanol extracts.
Importance of membrane-bound antigens of Toxoplasma gondii and their fixation for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1990)

Titers in a direct agglutination test using Formalin-fixed toxoplasma tachyzoites were significantly higher in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) than in those without TE. In contrast, when fresh (not fixed) tachyzoites were used, the titers did not differ from those in patients without TE. The direct agglutination test using Formalin-fixed tachyzoites better distinguished between patients with TE and those without TE than an agglutination test using latex particles coated with Formalin-fixed sonicated-tachyzoite antigens. Thus, both selective use of membrane-bound antigens and their fixation are important for serodiagnosis of TE in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis (1975)

RECENT studies suggest the involvement of the acetylcholine receptor and the immune system in the pathogenesis of the neuromuscular disorder, myasthenia gravis.1 2 3 4 5 Patrick and Lindstrom1 produced an experimental myasthenic-like syndrome in rabbits by inoculation of acetylcholine receptors purified from electric eel. Using the high affinity cholinergic antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin, Fambrough et al.2 demonstrated an apparent reduction in the number of available acetylcholine receptors in muscle biopsies from myasthenic patients. Our own laboratory demonstrated the presence in myasthenic patients of a circulating globulin that blocked the binding of 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine receptor extracted from denervated rat skeletal muscle.3 The globulin . . .
A posteriori error estimates for the adaptivity technique for the Tikhonov functional and global convergence for a coefficient inverse problem (2010)

A synthesis of a globally convergent numerical method for a coefficient inverse problem and the adaptivity technique is presented. First, the globally convergent method provides a good approximation for the unknown coefficient. Next, this approximation is refined via the adaptivity technique. The analytical effort is focused on a posteriori error estimates for the adaptivity. A numerical test is presented.
Correlation Between Different Levels of Placebo Response Rate and Clinical Trial Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

These results suggest that the relative efficacy of the active drug compared to placebo in clinical trials for MDD is highly heterogeneous across studies with different placebo response rates, with a worse performance in showing a superiority of the drug versus placebo for studies with placebo response rates ≥ 30% and ≥ 40%, respectively, for monotherapy and adjunctive trials. It is important to maintain placebo response rates below this critical threshold, since this is one of the most challenging obstacles for new treatment development in MDD.
Isolation and Characterization of an Angiogeninlike Protein from Goat Plasma (2002)

Angiogenin, a blood vessel inducing protein has been implicated in wound healing and tumour progression. First isolated from human carcinoma cells, it has been subsequently isolated from human, bovine, rabbit, pig and mouse sera and bovine milk. This study reports the isolation of an angiogenic-like protein from goat plasma. The ribonucleolytic activity has been followed by yeast transfer RNA (tRNA) degradation using spectrophotometric and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay has been implemented to study its angiogenic activity. The presence of this protein has also been confirmed by strong binding with placental Ribonuclease Inhibitor (PRI).
IP mobility management for the airborne communications node platform (2002)

The airborne communications node (ACN) platform supports many communications services, including IP-based data services. Mobility management is needed to ensure that packet delivery operates properly in the presence of mobility, and that smooth handoffs occur between points of attachment to the network. In this paper, IP mobility management mechanisms are explained and a network architecture to support IP mobility management in the ACN platform is introduced. We show how the various network elements involved could be used in the ACN platform, and discuss the design issues and choices.
READ-ONLY memory using MAS transistors (1970)

See abstr. B24939, C13761 of 1970.
Divergent Synthesis of Complex ent-Kauranes, ent-Atisanes and ent-Trachylobanes via a Hybrid Oxidative Approach (2019)

Nine complex diterpenes were synthesized using a hybrid oxidative approach that combines chemical and enzymatic C–H oxidation methods.
An equivalence between sigmoidal gain scaling and training with noisy (jittered) input data (1992)

Training with additive input noise (jitter) in a commonly used heuristic for improving generalization in layered perceptron artificial neural networks. A drawback of training with jitter, in comparison with the unjittered case, is that many more sample presentations are required in order to average over the noise and estimate the expected response. The authors demonstrate that the expected effect of jitter can be computed, in certain cases, by a simple scaling of the sigmoid nonlinearities. This means that the benefits of training with noise can be obtained without the computational cost of averaging over many noisy samples. These results provide justification for gain scaling as a heuristic for improving generalization. Application of this technique to a single-hidden-layer perceptron with linear output is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SOCE in neurons: Signaling or just refilling? (2015)

In this review we describe the present knowledge about store operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) in neurons and the proteins involved in this process: STIM, as well as Orai and TRP channels. We address the issue of whether SOCE is used only to refill Ca²⁺ in the ER or whether Ca²⁺ that enters the neuronal cell during SOCE also performs signaling functions. We collected the data indicating that SOCE and its components participate in the important processes in neurons. This has implications for identifying new drug targets for the treatment of brain diseases. Evidence indicates that in neurodegenerative diseases Ca²⁺ homeostasis and SOCE components become dysregulated. Thus, different targets and strategies might be identified for the potential treatment of these diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European symposium on calcium.
Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters in patients and cytotoxicity in vitro of standard and investigational anticancer drugs (1995)

The selection of the starting dose for initial clinical trials of anticancer agents is mostly determined by toxicological endpoints in mice (LD10). So far, very few attempts have been made to evaluate the potential value of cytotoxicity assays for this purpose. The present study was undertaken as a first attempt to investigate the relationship between cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in vitro and pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo in patients, at suggested maximum tolerated doses. Using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA), we determined the concentration giving 50% cell survival (IC50) in vitro, for 25 cytotoxic drugs in fresh preparations of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and of tumor cells from patients with acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ALL or CLL). Using linear regression, we investigated the relationship between the IC50s and clinically achievable peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) or concentration-time products (C x T) in humans. The clinical data was obtained from the literature. Based on all drugs tested, good correlations were obtained between IC50s for CLL cells, and both Cmax and C x T (R approximately 0.7, p < 0.0002), and for ALL cells and normal PBMC between IC50 and Cmax, while the two latter cell types showed somewhat weaker relationships to C x T. Using the IC50 data of CLL cells, predictions of Cmax and C x T exceeded 1 log for only four drugs. No tendencies to under- or overprediction within different classes of drugs were noted. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between toxicity in vitro and achievable systemic exposure of anticancer drugs in humans, which suggests that non-clonogenic in vitro assays for drug sensitivity testing may provide pharmacokinetic information useful in the development of investigational cytotoxic drugs.
Nipple-sparende subkutane Mastektomie als dual-plane Rekonstruktion mit fasciocutaner- und Titannetzbedeckung bei Patientinnen mit Makromastie (2012)

Bei gegebener Indikation zu brustdrüsenablativen Eingriffen bei voluminösen, ptotischen Mammae stellt sich das Problem der Implantatbedeckung der unteren und seitlichen zwei Drittel, die durch den gehobenen Musculus pectoralis nicht bedeckt werden. Adaptiert an Reduktionsmastektomietechniken wurde für Patientinnen mit dem Wunsch nach volumenreduzierender Formkorrektur eine Technik verwendet, die den überschüssigen Hautmantel in Form vertikaler, lateraler und medialer deepithelisierter fascio-cutaner Gewebeanteile als Pfeiler und Bedeckungsfläche für das subpectoral liegende Implantat mit zusätzlicher Abstützung und Bildung eines inneren Bra durch ein Netzinterponat (titanisiertes Polypropylennetz; TiLopp®Bra) nutzt.
Reply to Perkin et al.: Experimental observations demonstrate that ionic liquids form both bound (Stern) and diffuse electric double layers (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Localization of shed human tumor gangliosides: association with serum lipoproteins. (1992)

Tumor gangliosides are biologically active (immunosuppressive and tumor-enhancing) cell surface molecules which are shed into the circulation in vivo. However, the mechanism of transport of these molecules (i.e., in solution or bound to proteins or other lipids) is not known. To resolve this question we traced, by direct chemical detection, the serum localization of a specific human tumor ganglioside, GD2, shed by neuroblastoma cells. Sera from patients with tumors were separated into the lipoprotein fractions [very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein] and lipoprotein-depleted serum. All three lipoprotein fractions contained GD2. 73% of the total GD2 was present in the LDL fraction, while very low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein contained 21 and 6%, respectively. Significantly, lipoprotein-depleted serum, which would contain both albumin-bound and free ganglioside, was devoid of GD2. Thus, shed neuroblastoma tumor gangliosides are exclusively associated with the serum lipoprotein (and predominantly LDL) fractions in vivo. These findings have implications for the immunological detection of these molecules and the development of approaches to their removal.