gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended Clinical Support with an Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Device (1989)

Clinical evaluations are under way of an intracorporeal (abdominally positioned) pulsatile left ventricular assist device (LVAD) that is capable of providing support for extended periods (greater than 30 days) in patients awaiting heart transplantation. The LVAD, developed by Thermo Cardiosystems Inc. (Woburn, MA), has uniquely textured blood contacting surfaces and requires only minimal antithrombotic therapy. It has been used at the Texas Heart Institute as a bridge to transplantation in 11 patients, including 2 who are currently receiving support. Four patients required extended LVAD support (35-132 days); of those, three are doing well at 1.5, 8.5, and 13 months, respectively, after transplantation, and one died of liver failure 49 days after transplantation. The LVAD was operated in a fixed-rate mode to maintain pump flows at 4-8 L/min, resulting in stabilization of hemodynamic and secondary organ function in all patients. Blood chemistry and hematologic values returned to normal during LVAD support in three of four patients. Postoperative anticoagulation was gradually reduced over the course of the trials. The two most recent patients (35 and 132 days) received only oral dipyridamole (75 mg X 3/day) and aspirin (80 mg/day) after the early recovery period (four-six days), resulting in normal prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. Plasma hemoglobin levels remained within acceptable limits, and there was no evidence of thromboembolism. Blood contacting surfaces were coated with a thin, adherent, biologically derived lining. The initial results indicate that the intracorporeal LVAD, with textured blood contacting surfaces, can effectively support the failing heart for extended periods (greater than 30 days) with minimal antithrombotic therapy.
Statically Balanced Compliant Mechanisms (SBCM’S): An Example and Prospects (2000)

Abstract In some applications of compliant mechanisms, the fact that energy is stored in the elastic members presents a problem. For instance, in manually operated instruments, such as surgical forceps, the operating force should preferably be proportional to the gripping force, while forces introduced by the bending of elastic elements would disturb this force transmission process. To restore the force transmission quality, compliant mechanisms may be statically balanced, resulting in statically balanced compliant mechanisms (SBCM’s). This paper presents an example of a compliant surgical forceps mechanism, which is statically balanced by a low-friction rolling-link compensation mechanism. Force feedback is restored to the extent that the pulse in an artificial artery can be perceived clearly.
Population‐Based Study of the Epidemiology of and the Risk Factors for InvasiveStaphylococcus aureusInfections (2003)

A population-based active-surveillance study of the Calgary Health Region (population, 929,656) was conducted from May 1999 to April 2000, to define the epidemiology of invasive Staphylococcus aureus (ISA) infections. The annual incidence was 28.4 cases/100,000 population; 46% were classified as nosocomial. Infection was most common in people at the extremes of the age spectrum and in males. Several conditions were associated with acquisition of ISA infection, and the highest risk was observed in persons undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Forty-six patients (19%) died. Significant independent risk factors for mortality included positive blood-culture result, respiratory focus, empirical antibiotic therapy, and older age. A higher systolic blood pressure at presentation was associated with reduced case-fatality rate. ISA infections are common, with several definable groups of patients at increased risk for acquisition and death from these infections. This study provides important data on the burden of ISA disease and identifies risk groups that may potentially benefit from preventive efforts.
Shannon Expansion Based Supply-Gated Logic for Improved Power and Testability (2005)

Structural transformation of a design to enhance its testability while satisfying design constraints on power and performance, can result in improved test cost and test confidence. In this paper, we analyze the testability in a new style of logic design based on Shannon’s decomposition and supply gating. We observe that tree structure of a logic circuit due to Shannon’s decomposition makes it intrinsically more testable than conventionally synthesized circuit, while at the same time entailing an improvement in active power. We have analyzed three different aspects of testability of a circuit: a) IDDQ test sensitivity b) test power during scan-based testing, and c) test length (for both ATPG-generated deterministic and random patterns). Simulation results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show promising results on all the above aspects. We have also demonstrated that the new logic structure can improve parametric yield of a circuit under process variations when considering a bound on circuit leakage.
Effects of Various Natural Antioxidants on the Cu2+-Mediated Oxidative Modification of Low Density Lipoprotein. (1995)

We have reported in our previous paper that several flavan-3-ol derivatives (tea polyphenols) inhibited the Cu(2+)-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), in particular, exhibited strong inhibition. In this study, we have compared the antioxidative effects of EGCG with those of other natural antioxidants, such as flavonols, sesaminol, curcuminoid derivatives, tocopherol analogues and theaflavins. The antioxidative effects were monitored by conjugated diene formation in LDL which was carried out at 37 degrees C with 5 microM CuSO4 with or without antioxidants. Dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as a reference compound. The lag-time before the onset of conjugated diene formation was more than 100 min in the presence of 0.5 microM EGCG, theaflavin, myricetin, quercetin, and sesaminol. The ability to prolong the lag-time was in the order of sesaminol > quercetin > EGCG > theaflavin > or = myricetin > BHT > alpha-tocopherol. Among the 4 tocopherol analogues used, alpha-tocopherol showed the strongest antioxidative activity. We have also studied the effects of EGCG, BHT, and alpha-tocopherol on cholesteryl and alpha-tocopherol on cholesteryl ester (CE) degradation and apolipoprotein B 100 (apo B 100) fragmentation in the Cu(2+)-mediated oxidative modification of LDL. EGCG was the most effective inhibitor of CE degradation and apo B 100 fragmentation.
The role of perioperative chemotherapy in primary high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a risk-stratified analysis using PERSARC (2022)

This study demonstrated a beneficial effect of AI-based CTX on OS in a selected group of high-risk patients with an absolute survival benefit of 11% as stratified by the PERSARC prediction tool. However, no beneficial effect of CTX on OS was found in the overall population of patients with primary high-grade eSTS younger than 70 years.
Ducks Are Susceptible to Infection with a Range of Doses of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (2016, Clade 2.3.4.4b) and Are Largely Resistant to Virus-Specific Mortality, but Efficiently Transmit Infection to Contact Turkeys (2018)

Widespread H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV; clade 2.3.4.4b) infections occurred in wild birds and poultry across Europe during winter 2016-17. Four different doses of H5N8 HPAIV (A/wigeon/Wales/052833/2016 [wg-Wal-16]) were used to infect 23 Pekin ducks divided into four separate pens, with three contact turkeys introduced for cohousing per pen at 1 day postinfection (dpi). All doses resulted in successful duck infection, with four sporadic mortalities recorded among the 23 (17%) infected ducks, which appeared unrelated to the dose. The ducks transmitted wg-Wal-16 efficiently to the contact turkeys; all 12 (100%) turkeys died. Systemic viral dissemination was detected in multiple organs in two duck mortalities, with limited viral dissemination in another duck, which died after resolution of shedding. Systemic viral tropism was observed in two of the turkeys. The study demonstrated the utility of Pekin ducks as surrogates of infected waterfowl to model the wild bird/gallinaceous poultry interface for introduction of H5N8 HPAIV into terrestrial poultry, where contact turkeys served as a susceptible host. Detection of H5N8-specific antibody up to 58 dpi assured the value of serologic surveillance in farmed ducks by hemagglutination inhibition and anti-nucleoprotein ELISAs.
Object-Oriented Software Construction (1988)

Object-Oriented Software Construction, second edition is the comprehensive reference on all aspects of object technology, from design principles to O-O techniques, Design by Contract, O-O analysis, concurrency, persistence, abstract data types and many more. Written by a pioneer in the field, contains an in-depth analysis of both methodological and technical issues.
Online data-driven fault detection for robotic systems (2011)

Rollover is the principal cause of serious accidents for All-Terrain Vehicles (ATV), especially for light vehicles (e.g. quad bikes). In order to reduce this risk, the development of active devices, contributes a promising solution. With this aim, this paper proposes an algorithm allowing to predict the rollover risk, by means of an on-line estimation of a stability criterion. Among several rollover indicators, the Lateral Load Transfer (LLT) has been chosen because its estimation needs only low cost sensing equipment compared to the price of a light ATV. An adapted backstepping observer associated to a bicycle model is first developed, allowing the estimation of the grip conditions. In addition, the lateral slope is estimated thanks to a classical Kalman filter relying on measured acceleration and roll rate. Then, an expression of the LLT is derived from a roll model taking into account the grip conditions and the slope. Finally, the LLT value is anticipated by means of a prediction algorithm. The capabilities of this system are investigated thanks to full scale experiments with a quad bike.
Tactile perception of computer-derived formant patterns from voiced speech (1974)

An experimental arrangement is described which is capable of utilizing the output of a variety of computer programs for the analysis of the acoustic speech signal and assigning the extracted parameters to a tactile display in a flexible manner. A study is reported which investigated the tactile presentation of the frequencies of the two lowest formants of vowels and vowel-like speech sounds on a matrix of 15-by-15 point stimulators. Six subjects learned two pronunciations of 15 words to an average accuracy of 83% and 70%. Generalization tests to unfamiliar pronunciations by the same speaker resulted in an accuracy of 54%, and tests to three different speakers yielded a score of 35% correct responses. Analysis of the errors indicated the same phonemic confusions accounted for a large proportion of the errors in all pronunciations, suggesting some specific limitations of this two-formant tactile display.
Outbreak of Bacteremia Due toBurkholderia contaminansLinked to Intravenous Fentanyl From an Institutional Compounding Pharmacy (2014)

IMPORTANCE Many health care facilities compound medications on site to fulfill local demands when customized formulations are needed, national supply is critically low, or costs for manufactured pharmaceuticals are excessive. Small, institutional compounding facilities may perform the same high-risk procedures as large distributors of compounded medications. OBJECTIVES To investigate an outbreak related to contamination of compounded sterile preparations and to determine processes to prevent future outbreaks. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed an outbreak investigation of inpatients at Duke University Hospital from August 31 through September 6, 2012. The investigation included a case-control study, compounding facility inspection and environmental sampling, observation of a mock compounding demonstration, and microbiologic and molecular testing of sequestered medication. EXPOSURES Intravenous fentanyl prepared by an institutional compounding pharmacy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Microbiologic and molecular evidence of contamination of a compounded sterile preparation and failure of routine sterility testing. RESULTS Blood cultures of 7 patients during a 7-day period at Duke University Hospital yielded pan-susceptible Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. The risk factor common to all patients was receipt of continuous fentanyl infusion prepared by our institutional compounding pharmacy (odds ratio, 11.22; 95% CI, 2.09-∞; P = .01). The outbreak was terminated after sequestration of compounded fentanyl. An intensive evaluation of the compounding facility, its practice, and its procedures was completed. Investigators evaluated the clean room, collected targeted microbiologic samples within the compounding pharmacy environment, and observed a mock demonstration of compounding practice. The B cepacia complex was found in the anteroom sink drain and pH probe calibration fluid from the compounding clean room. Multiple microbiologic analyses of sequestered fentanyl initially failed. Ultimately, a batched, vacuum-assisted filtration method produced B cepacia complex from a single lot. Molecular analyses using repetitive element polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed a clonal Burkholderia contaminans strain from patients, fentanyl, and environmental samples. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An outbreak of B contaminans bacteremia was linked to contamination of locally compounded intravenous fentanyl. Health care facilities that house institutional compounding facilities must be vigilant in efforts to prevent, recognize, and terminate medication-related outbreaks.
Laryngeal Findings and Acoustic Changes in Light Cigar Smokers (2015)

The pathogenesis of nasal polyps has been debated for many years. The lymphocytes that infiltrate nasal polyps have been identified as predominantly memory T cells in an activated state, and these cells produce a mixed cytokine pattern of T1 helper (Th1) and T2 helper (Th2) cells. We conducted a prospective study to compare the expression levels of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines in atopic and nonatopic patients. Our study population consisted of 75 adults-42 men and 33 women (mean age: 38 yr)-with nasal polyposis. Patients with an allergy were distinguished from those without an allergy on the basis of the history, the results of skin-prick testing, and measurement of total IgE serum concentrations. Based on these criteria, patients were divided into two groups: atopic (n = 38) and nonatopic (n = 37). Levels of cytokine gene expression in the atopic patients were compared with those of the nonatopic patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in the rate of interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-12 gene expression between the allergic and nonallergic patients. On the other hand, rates of interferon gamma and IL-4 gene expression were significantly higher in the atopic patients (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Our research suggests that an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps. Although nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease associated with several different etiologic factors, chronic persistent inflammation is undoubtedly a major factor, regardless of the specific etiology.
Biological Control of Hydrilla Using an Endemic Fungal Pathogen (1998)

Prototype formulations of the hydrilla fungal pathogen, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski, were tested for efficacy against dioecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in test tube, column, and tank studies. The formulation was produced by Trans America Product Technology, Inc. (St. Charles, MO) by incorporating the fungus into a patented biocarrier, Biocar 405. Initial test tube studies demonstrated that both granular and caplet formulations induced disease ratings of 3 and 4 on excised hydrilla shoot tissue at two weeks post inoculation. Low, medium, and high dosage rates of the granular formulation applied to rooted hydrilla in 12 L columns reduced shoot biomass at four weeks post application by 87.7, 94.8, and 99.2% respectively compared to untreated controls. In tank studies a granular formulation reduced shoot biomass of hydrilla grown in 1700 L tanks by 97.5% at four weeks post application.
Successful Dantrolene Sodium Treatment of a Patient with Myotonia Congenita (Thomsen's Disease) (1991)

A 3 year, 10 month old male with myotonia congenita (Thomsen's disease) was placed on dantrolene sodium, which successfully abolished the myotonic phenomenon. Dantrolene sodium might therefore be a useful medicine for patients with Thomsen's disease who do not respond to other medicines, such as carbamazepine (CBZ), with a decrease in the myotonic phenomenon.
Performance of wireless sensor topologies inspired by E. coli genetic networks (2012)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) form a critical component in modern computing applications; given their size, ability to process and communicate information, and to sense stimuli, they are a promising part of The Internet of Things. However, they are also plagued by reliability and node failure problems. Here we address these problems by using E. coli Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) - believed to be robust against signaling disruptions, such as gene failures - to study the transmission properties of randomly-generated WSNs and transmission structures derived from these genetic networks. Selection of sink nodes is crucial to the performance of these networks; here we introduce two sink-node selection techniques: a Motif-based, and a Highest Degree-based approach. Using NS-2 simulations, the performance of both networks is evaluated under varying channel loss models. Successful packet receipts are compared among these networks, which are shown to be higher using GRNs for the communication structure, rather than randomly generated WSNs. This work paves the way for future development of fault-tolerant and robust WSN deployment and routing algorithms.
GaN‐based nanowires: From nanometric‐scale characterization to light emitting diodes (2010)

Abstract We studied and improved gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW) based light emitting diodes (LEDs). PIN nanodiodes with and without InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) under N‐rich conditions on n‐doped Si(111) substrates. Thanks to the coalescence of the p‐type region of the NWs grown at low temperature, an autoplanarization process has been performed to obtain LEDs. Ni/Au top contacts have been deposited and patterned in order to bias the devices. A multiple‐scale characterization approach has been carried out through the comparison of localized cathodoluminescence (CL) and macroscopic electroluminescence (EL) spectra. It shows that the EL emission of PIN‐based LED at room temperature is related to defects in the p‐type region of the NWs. In order to enhance the radiative recombinations of NW‐based LEDs, we have first added InGaN/GaN MQWs, and secondly an electron blocking layer (EBL) has been inserted between the MQWs and the p‐type zone of the NWs. The LED with EBL exhibited an emission band at 420 nm. The blue‐shift of this emission band with increasing injected current is attributed to quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) and evidences the radiative emission of InGaN/GaN MQWs. At 50 mA dc current, this improved NW‐based LED emits about 500 times more light than the heterostructure without EBL.
Development of a standard format for eBooks (2002)

Since an electronic book (eBook) has various advantages over a paper-based book, there is a growing interest in eBooks. EBook industries are using different document formats creating difficulties in the interoperability and interchangeability of eBooks. The U.S. and Japan have realized the importance of a standard format for eBooks and developed such standards. Recently, Korea has also developed a standard format based on XML. The primary goal of this standard is to support the interchangeability of eBooks, reflect the characteristics of the Korean publication environment, simplify the creation process, and promote compatibility with other standards. It includes an extension mechanism for various document classes, and supports advanced style control such as vertical writing and multi-column based on XSL.
Effects of noncavity-distorting fibroids on endometrial gene expression and function† (2017)

Uterine fibroids are a common finding in infertility patients. Impaired implantation and decidualization have been proposed to contribute to compromised fertility. Data are limited on the endometrial transcriptome from subjects with uterine fibroids, as well as endometrial receptivity and decidualization potential of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF) from women with fibroids. Our objective was to investigate the endometrial transcriptome of women with noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids and compare them to control subjects with no uterine pathology throughout the menstrual cycle. We also evaluated endometrial receptivity gene expression and basic endometrial functions such as decidualization, proliferation, and apoptosis in women with fibroid uterus. Results showed that large numbers of transcripts were significantly dysregulated throughout the menstrual cycle in fibroid subjects compared to controls. However, there were essentially no differences in the expression of receptivity markers at the tissue level, as well as decidualization markers in tissue and eSF in subjects with fibroids compared to controls. However, eSF from women with a fibroid uterus exhibited decreased proliferation potential and increased apoptosis upon decidualization. These data indicate preserved implantation and decidualization potential despite observed gene expression changes in endometrium from women with noncavity-distorting fibroids compared to controls. How this phenomenon and altered proliferation/apoptosis may contribute to impairment of endometrial function in subfertile patients warrants further investigation.
The conservative view: is it necessary to implant a stent into the dopamine transporter? (2014)

Linked Articles This article is a reply to De Felice LJ and Cameron KN (2015). Comments on ‘A quantitative model of amphetamine action on the serotonin transporter’, by Sandtner et al., Br J Pharmacol 171: 1007–1018. Br J Pharmacol 172: this issue, doi: 10.1111/bph.12767 , commenting on Sandtner W, Schmid D, Schicker K, Gerstbrein K, Koenig X, Mayer FP, Boehm S, Freissmuth M and Sitte HH (2014). A quantitative model of amphetamine action on the 5‐HT transporter. Br J Pharmacol 171: 1007–1018. doi: 10.1111/bph.12520