gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Breast Tumor Cells Induce Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to Avoid NKG2D-Mediated and DNAM-Mediated NK Cell Recognition (2011)

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women between the ages of 35 to 65. This is mostly due to intertumor heterogeneity and the lack of specific therapies for all subtypes. However, some breast cancers with an unexpected good prognosis are associated with enhanced antitumor immunity in situ. We studied whether breast cancer subtypes might have different susceptibilities to natural killer (NK) cells' antitumor immunity. We collected a large public set of microarray data for primary breast tumors and determined NK cell ligand expression. We found that despite heterogeneous levels of inhibitory HLA members, NKG2D ligands and DNAM ligands are expressed in virtually all breast tumor subtypes. Functional experiments in breast cancer subtypes expressing various levels of NK cell ligands showed that NK-mediated cytotoxicity is mainly HLA, NKG2D, and DNAM dependent. In parallel, we showed that cell lines and primary breast tumor cells secrete soluble inhibitory factors that alter NK cell functions. Finally, we showed that these mechanisms of escape occur in vivo in the MMTV-Neu model of spontaneous murine breast cancer. Our study shows that breast cancer cells, independent of the subtype, have developed different mechanisms to escape from NK cells' antitumor immunity. These results emphasize the role of NK cells in breast tumor clearance and underlie the importance of devising future therapy aiming at enhancing NK cell-mediated recognition in parallel with the prevention of the tumor-editing process.
Long-Term Aging in Miscible Polymer Nanocomposites (2022)

We find that the initial, solvent-cast state of nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer matrix temporally evolves during thermal annealing such that, at steady state, NPs maximize their distance from each other subject to mass balance constraints. The observed timescales for this unexpected structural reorganization, as probed by small-angle X-ray scattering, are temperature-dependent and can be prohibitively large, especially at temperatures around and below 1.2Tg. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements during reorganization reveal that the collective NP dynamics slow down with annealing at constant temperature; this is accompanied by changes in the low-frequency regime in macroscopic viscoelastic measurements in equilibrated materials. By ruling out other potential sources for these effects (i.e., electrostatic interactions, adsorbed layers), we attribute these results to a long-ranged repulsive force between the NPs caused by fluctuations in the polymer phase, i.e., the “anti-Casimir” effect proposed by Obhukhov and Semenov [Long-range interactions in polymer melts: The anti-Casimir effect. Phys Rev Lett 2005, 95 (3), 038305]. Thus, our results highlight the important role of long-term, slow NP reorganization on the structure and, subsequently, the properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), even in the case of nominally miscible polymer nanoparticle hybrids.
Atg18 Regulates Organelle Morphology and Fab1 Kinase Activity Independent of Its Membrane Recruitment by Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate (2007)

The lipid kinase Fab1 governs yeast vacuole homeostasis by generating PtdIns(3,5)P(2) on the vacuolar membrane. Recruitment of effector proteins by the phospholipid ensures precise regulation of vacuole morphology and function. Cells lacking the effector Atg18p have enlarged vacuoles and high PtdIns(3,5)P(2) levels. Although Atg18 colocalizes with Fab1p, it likely does not directly interact with Fab1p, as deletion of either kinase activator-VAC7 or VAC14-is epistatic to atg18Delta: atg18Deltavac7Delta cells have no detectable PtdIns(3,5)P(2). Moreover, a 2xAtg18 (tandem fusion) construct localizes to the vacuole membrane in the absence of PtdIns(3,5)P(2), but requires Vac7p for recruitment. Like the endosomal PtdIns(3)P effector EEA1, Atg18 membrane binding may require a protein component. When the lipid requirement is bypassed by fusing Atg18 to ALP, a vacuolar transmembrane protein, vac14Delta vacuoles regain normal morphology. Rescue is independent of PtdIns(3,5)P(2), as mutation of the phospholipid-binding site in Atg18 does not prevent vacuole fission and properly regulates Fab1p activity. Finally, the vacuole-specific type-V myosin adapter Vac17p interacts with Atg18p, perhaps mediating cytoskeletal attachment during retrograde transport. Atg18p is likely a PtdIns(3,5)P(2)"sensor," acting as an effector to remodel membranes as well as regulating its synthesis via feedback that might involve Vac7p.
Écoulement et resuspension visqueuse d'une pâte granulaire modèle en cellule de Couette à large entrefer (2013)

Le sable mouillé, certaines boues ou le béton frais sont constitués de grains dans un fluide visqueux. Les grains sont assez gros pour ne pas être browniens, et en grande concentration, ce qui procure au matériau les propriétés mécaniques d’une pâte (on parle de « pâte granulaire »). Décrire les façons dont ce genre de matériau peut couler est un enjeu important, du point de vue académique et pour de nombreuses applications. L’écoulement implique un cisaillement, dont l’effet est de disperser les grains, concurremment à la gravité qui a tendance à les entasser, et par là bloquer l’écoulement. On appelle « resuspension visqueuse » la compétition entre les deux effets. Les nombreux travaux déjà consacrés à ces questions, concernent en général des suspensions adaptées en densité, c'est à dire dans la limite où l’effet de la gravité est négligeable (geff ≈ 0). Nous présentons une étude comparative des cas sans et avec gravité, sur la base d’expériences réalisées avec une pâte granulaire modèle dans un écoulement de Couette à large entrefer. Les données sont ensuite analysées dans le cadre du modèle d’équilibre de contraintes normales de Morris et Boulay. Les expériences sont réalisées avec une pâte modèle transparente et mettent en œuvre des méthodes optiques et d’analyse d’images innovantes, qui nous permettent de mesurer les vitesses azimuthales des particules et les fluctuations de position angulaire, ainsi que le champ de concentration des particules dans l’entrefer. Pour le système isodense, l’accord théorie-expérience est excellent, pour un choix convenable des formes des fonctions viscométriques. En revanche, la même théorie ne rend compte que qualitativement du cas général geff ≠ 0. Les figures calculées reproduisent qualitativement la localisation de l’écoulement observée dans les expériences, mais un désaccord subsiste dans la description des zones de très fortes concentrations.
Characterization of nanostructured carbon microwires fabricated by an aerosol process (1995)

Nanometer aerosol particles produced by laser ablation from a carbon target were used to fabricate wires about 50 μm in diameter by agglomeration in a dc field. We report measurements of the electrical properties of these wires. As the voltage applied across a wire increases the resistance of the wire decreases. At certain voltage settings, a rapid change in the electric current occurred, accompanied by a change in shape of the wire as observed with an optical microscope. The rapid change may result from an increase in wire density when the voltage reaches certain critical values.
Mode-locked laser oscillation using self-pumped phase-conjugate reflection (1981)

Efficient phase conjugation of 40-psec Nd:YAG laser pulses in Eastman Kodak mode-locking dyes A 9740 and A 9860 has been obtained. Variation of the phase-conjugate reflectivity with pump intensity is quadratic, without saturation effects, and variation with dye concentration agrees with a simple analytical model. We have used this reflectivity to obtain self-sustained oscillation and mode locking of a novel self-pumped phase-conjugate laser resonator.
Additively‐manufactured piezoelectric devices (Phys. Status Solidi A 10∕2015) (2015)

A low-cost stereolithography technique that is used for printing complex 3D polymer structures has been adapted by Woodward et al. (pp. 2107–2113) to print piezoelectric ceramics with functional structures. A light-curable resin containing powdered 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 is solidified in layers 50 μm thick, using a simple bundle of three LEDs and a digital micro-mirror device to control the shape of the area being cured to a resolution of 25 μm. The resulting composites are sintered, forming dense ceramics with virtually the same physical properties as ceramics made by the traditional manufacturing route of axial compression of powders. A hollow, spherical structure was built, sintered, poled radially and made to resonate in the gigahertz range. This technique has the potential to produce a new generation of functional devices, including pumps, sonoluminescence generators, 1-3 piezocomposites, transducers for bespoke surfaces, flexoelectric sensors or flextensional transducers, freed from the conventional restrictions on geometry.
Point Mutation of c‐Ki‐ras Oncogene in Gastric Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma with Tubular Differentiation (1991)

The presence of point mutation at codons 12, 13 and 61 of the c-Ki-ras oncogene was investigated in 7 cases of gastric adenoma and 35 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma using DNA samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Oligonucleotides encompassing the three codons were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then examined for point mutation by the selective oligonucleotide hybridization technique. Point mutation was detected in three of the 7 adenomas (43%) and three of the 35 carcinomas (9%). All the gastric adenomas showed the histology of tubular adenoma, being very similar to that of colonic adenoma. The 35 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were classified into 17 cases of differentiated type and 18 cases of undifferentiated type including signet-ring cell carcinoma. The point mutation of c-Ki-ras oncogene was detected only in the differentiated type (3/17, 18%), and there was no case with point mutation in the undifferentiated type. These results suggest that the genetic mechanism of carcinogenesis differs between the differentiated type and the undifferentiated type of gastric adenocarcinoma, and also that c-Ki-ras activation is possibly involved in a relatively early step of the "adenoma-carcinoma sequence," which leads to the development of a portion of differentiated adenocarcinomas in the stomach.
Progress in material design for biomedical applications (2015)

Biomaterials that interface with biological systems are used to deliver drugs safely and efficiently; to prevent, detect, and treat disease; to assist the body as it heals; and to engineer functional tissues outside of the body for organ replacement. The field has evolved beyond selecting materials that were originally designed for other applications with a primary focus on properties that enabled restoration of function and mitigation of acute pathology. Biomaterials are now designed rationally with controlled structure and dynamic functionality to integrate with biological complexity and perform tailored, high-level functions in the body. The transition has been from permissive to promoting biomaterials that are no longer bioinert but bioactive. This perspective surveys recent developments in the field of polymeric and soft biomaterials with a specific emphasis on advances in nano- to macroscale control, static to dynamic functionality, and biocomplex materials.
Au@pNIPAM SERRS Tags for Multiplex Immunophenotyping Cellular Receptors and Imaging Tumor Cells (2015)

Detection technologies employing optically encoded particles have gained much interest toward clinical diagnostics and drug discovery, but the portfolio of available systems is still limited. The fabrication and characterization of highly stable surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS)-encoded colloids for the identification and imaging of proteins expressed in cells are reported. These plasmonic nanostructures are made of gold octahedra coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels and can be readily encoded with Raman active dyes while retaining high colloidal stability in biofluids. A layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating is used to seal the outer surface of the encoded particles and to provide a reactive surface for covalent conjugation with antibodies. The targeted multiplexing capabilities of the SERRS tags are demonstrated by the simultaneous detection and imaging of three tumor-associated surface biomarkers: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and homing cell adhesion molecule (CD44) by SERRS spectroscopy. The plasmonic microgels are able to discriminate tumor A431 (EGFR+/EpCAM+/CD44+) and nontumor 3T3 2.2 (EGFR-/EpCAM-/CD44+) cells while cocultured in vitro.
Physical barriers formed from gelling liquids: 1. numerical design of laboratory and field experiments (1994)

The emplacement of liquids under controlled viscosity conditions is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Design calculations are performed for a laboratory experiment on a decimeter scale, and a field experiment on a meter scale. The purpose of the laboratory experiment is to study the behavior of multiple gout plumes when injected in a porous medium. The calculations for the field trial aim at designing a grout injection test from a vertical well in order to create a grout plume of a significant extent in the subsurface.
Chirality-induced tunneling asymmetry at a semiconductor interface (2020)

The chiral tunneling asymmetry for the transmission through a semiconductor interface with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and antiparallel magnetization is presented from the perspective of the transfer Hamiltonian approach. We explicitly show that the expression for the tunneling rate contains terms which are odd in the momentum along the interface thus contributing to the skew tunneling and the transverse current along the interface. These terms contain the scalar chirality that is the mixed vector product of the effective SOC and exchange fields acting on the tunneling electron or hole. The crucial role of the evanescent states in the tunneling asymmetry is revealed. It is shown that the chiral Hall effect also results in a spin injection across the interface. We finally come up with a more general view on the chiral tunneling as a universal phenomenon expected in various systems.
Involvement of kappa opioid receptors in the inhibition of receptor desensitization and PKC activation induced by repeated morphine treatment (2008)

Analgesic tolerance to morphine can develop from long-term use of this drug for the treatment of pain. Many reports have shown that stimulation of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) suppresses development of analgesic tolerance to morphine. Here, we studied the KOR-mediated inhibition of morphine tolerance during repeated morphine treatment, with a focus on desensitization of the receptor. The development of analgesic tolerance to morphine during repeated morphine administration (10 mg kg(-1) s.c.) was completely suppressed by U-50488H (2 mg kg(-1) i.p.), a KOR agonist. The decrease in [35S] GTPgammaS binding activity stimulated by the mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) was also significantly inhibited by U-50488H. These results indicate that stimulation of KOR caused by repeated morphine treatment either inhibits MOR desensitization or accelerates recycling of MOR on the cell surface, thereby suppressing morphine tolerance. Furthermore, we found that activity of protein kinase C (PKC) was significantly decreased in mice treated with both U-50488H and morphine. These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying KOR-mediated inhibition of analgesic tolerance to morphine may be partly due to suppression of PKC activation and prevention of receptor desensitization.
Virtual Subnet: A BGP/MPLS IP VPN-Based Subnet Extension Solution (2016)

This document describes a BGP/MPLS IP VPN-based subnet extension solution referred to as "Virtual Subnet", which can be used for building Layer 3 network virtualization overlays within and/or between data centers.
Design and rigorous analysis of transformation-optics scaling devices (2013)

Scaling devices that can shrink or enlarge an object are designed using transformation optics. The electromagnetic scattering properties of such scaling devices with anisotropic parameters are rigorously analyzed using the eigenmode expansion method. If the radius of the virtual object is smaller than that of the real object, it is a shrinking device with positive material parameters; if the radius of the virtual object is larger than the real one, it is an enlarging device with positive or negative material parameters. Hence, a scaling device can make a dielectric or metallic object look smaller or larger. The rigorous analysis shows that the scattering coefficients of the scaling devices are the same as those of the equivalent virtual objects. When the radius of the virtual object approaches zero, the scaling device will be an invisibility cloak. In such a case, the scattering effect of the scaling device will be sensitive to material parameters of the device.
Organ of Corti size is governed by Yap/Tead-mediated progenitor self-renewal (2020)

Precise control of organ growth and patterning is executed through a balanced regulation of progenitor self-renewal and differentiation. In the auditory sensory epithelium-the organ of Corti-progenitor cells exit the cell cycle in a coordinated wave between E12.5 and E14.5 before the initiation of sensory receptor cell differentiation, making it a unique system for studying the molecular mechanisms controlling the switch between proliferation and differentiation. Here we identify the Yap/Tead complex as a key regulator of the self-renewal gene network in organ of Corti progenitor cells. We show that Tead transcription factors bind directly to the putative regulatory elements of many stemness- and cell cycle-related genes. We also show that the Tead coactivator protein, Yap, is degraded specifically in the Sox2-positive domain of the cochlear duct, resulting in down-regulation of Tead gene targets. Further, conditional loss of the <i>Yap</i> gene in the inner ear results in the formation of significantly smaller auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia, while conditional overexpression of a constitutively active version of <i>Yap</i>, <i>Yap5SA</i>, is sufficient to prevent cell cycle exit and to prolong sensory tissue growth. We also show that viral gene delivery of <i>Yap5SA</i> in the postnatal inner ear sensory epithelia in vivo drives cell cycle reentry after hair cell loss. Taken together, these data highlight the key role of the Yap/Tead transcription factor complex in maintaining inner ear progenitors during development, and suggest new strategies to induce sensory cell regeneration.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 Is a Novel Negative Regulatory Switch for the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Contractile Gene Program (2012)

Reduced MAPK14 expression evokes unanticipated increases in VSMC contractile genes, suggesting an unrecognized negative regulatory role for MAPK14 signaling in VSMC differentiation.
Production of Hydrocarbon Fuel Using Two-Step Torrefaction and Fast Pyrolysis of Pine. Part 2: Life-Cycle Carbon Footprint (2017)

This study, as part II of two companion papers, investigated the environmental performance of liquid hydrocarbon biofuel production via fast pyrolysis of pine through two pathways: a one-step pathway via fast pyrolysis only, and a two-step pathway that includes a torrefaction step prior to fast pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis in all cases took place at a temperature of 530 °C whereas for the two-step pathways, torrefaction was investigated at temperatures of 290, 310, and 330 °C. Bio-oil produced was then catalytically upgraded to hydrocarbon biofuel. Different scenarios for providing the required process heat either by using fossil energy or renewable energy, as well as the effect of heat integration, were also investigated. Our life cycle analysis indicated that using the energy allocation approach, a two-step heat integrated pathway with torrefaction taking place at 330 °C had the lowest global warming potential among all scenarios of about 29.0 g CO2 equiv/MJ biofuel. Using the system expansion approach, significantly higher reductions in GHG emissions of about 56 to 265% relative to conventional gasoline were observed for the heat integrated processes. More modest percentage reduction in emissions of about 34 to 67% was observed across all scenarios using the energy allocation approach.
Selective inhibition of the gliadin-specific, cell-mediated immune response by transamidation with microbial transglutaminase (2012)

CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten. The modification of gluten by intestinal tTGase plays a crucial role in CD pathogenesis. In this study, we observed that extensive transamidation of wheat flour with K-C2H5 by mTGase yielded spf and K-gliadins fractions. By Western blot, we found that these modifications were associated with strongly reduced immune cross-reactivity. With the use of DQ8 tg mice as a model of gluten sensitivity, we observed a dramatic reduction in IFNγ production in gliadin-specific spleen cells challenged with spf and K-gliadins in vitro (n=12; median values: 813 vs. 29 and 99; control vs. spf and K-gliadins, P=0.012 for spf, and P=0.003 for K-gliadins). For spf, we also observed an increase in the IL-10/IFNγ protein ratio (n=12; median values: 0.3 vs. 4.7; control vs. spf, P=0.005). In intestinal biopsies from CD patients challenged in vitro with gliadins (n=10), we demonstrated further that K-gliadins dramatically reduced the levels of antigen-specific IFNγ mRNA in all specimens responsive to native gliadins (four of 10; P<0.05). As cytotoxic effects have been described for gliadins, we also studied GST and caspase-3 activities using the enterocytic Caco-2 cell line. We found that neither activities were modified by flour transamidation. Our results indicate that K-C2H5 cross-linking via mTGase specifically affects gliadin immunogenicity, reversing the inducible inflammatory response in models of gluten sensitivity without affecting other aspects of the biological activity of gliadins.
A clinicopathological study of IgA nephropathy in renal transplant recipients: beneficial effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (2000)

In post-transplant IgAN, histopathological lesions indicative of acute inflammatory insults were suppressed, and glomerular hypertrophy, which may relate to haemodynamic burden such as hyperfiltration, was prominent. Preliminary study of ACE-inhibitor treatment in 10 patients showed favourable effects. A future long-term follow-up study is required to establish the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors in treatment of post-transplant IgAN.
Introduction to the special issue: microrobots and distributed microactuators in Japan (1996)

This special issue in Robotica contains papers from Japanese authors on microrobots and distributed microactuators. Advances in technology made possible progress in the realm of small but complicated microsystems that include different elements, such as sensors, circuits and actuators. Microsystems are also called micromachines or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); microsystems which move like insects are termed microrobots.
Conocimiento profesional del profesor de ciencias de primaria y conocimiento escolar (2014)

Este libro compila los resultados del trabajo de cuatro grupos de investigacion, tres colombianos (Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Universidad Pedagogica Nacional, Universidad de Antioquia) y uno Espanol (Universidad de Sevilla, Espana), desde unas bases teoricas y metodologicas comunes en relacion con el Conocimiento Profesional del Profesorado (CPP) de Ciencias de Primaria, usando particularmente el marco conceptual internacional conocido como Conocimiento Pedagogico del Contenido (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) PCK, y de procesos de mejoramiento docente, utilizando una herra