gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biotinyl-l-3-(2-naphthyl)-alanine hydrazide derivatives of N-glycans: versatile solid-phase probes for carbohydrate-recognition studies (1998)

Biotinyl-oligosaccharides are a relatively new generation of saccharide probes that enable immobilization of desired oligosaccharides on streptavidin matrices for studies of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here we describe the facile preparation of biotinyl-l-3-(2-naphthyl)-alanine hydrazide (BNAH) derivatives of oligosaccharides, containing a strong UV absorbing and fluorescent group, in which the ring of the reducing-end monosaccharide is nonreduced. We evaluate reactivities of immobilized BNAH- N -glycans with plant lectins that recognize aspects of the oligosaccharide core or outer-arms. We make some comparisons with 2-amino-6-amidobiotinyl-pyridine (BAP) derivatives obtained by reductive amination, and 6-(biotinyl)-aminocaproyl-hydrazide (BACH) derivatives which have a longer spacer-arm. N -Glycan-BNAH and-BAP derivatives have, overall, comparable reactivities with lectins which recognize N -glycan outer-arms or the trimannosyl core, but only BNAH and BACH derivatives are bound by lectins which recognize the non-reduced core. Moreover, with Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) which additionally requires the fucosyl- N- glycan-asparaginyl core for high affinity binding, the immobilized BNAH derivative (which is an alanine hydrazide beta-glycoside) can substitute for the natural beta-glycosylasparaginyl core, whereas the BACH derivative (aminocaproyl-hydrazide-beta-glycoside) is less effective. BNAH is a derivatization reagent of choice, therefore, for solid phase carbohydrate-binding experiments with immobilized N -glycans.
Counting method of fry using a line image sensor. (1990)

In the recent field of the fishery, the improvement of the efficiency, automation and labor deduction are needed. A counting task in this field is very important in many cases. In this paper, we present a system which enables a real-time measurement of the number and also the body length of the fry using a line image sensor. Here, we consider a situation that fry are transported from one pond to another pond through a pipe. In our system at one position of the pipe a transparent rectangular channel is mounted. The images of the fry, which run through this rectangular channel, are detected with a line image sensor. The image signals are digitized to binary ones and the contour of the fry are detected. After that, a real-time image analysis is executed with DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Overlapping of two fry images is also analysed. Whenever the fry pass the rectanglar channel, the DSP gives us the number and projection area surrounding length of fry images.
Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of dilute wastewater at psychrophilic temperatures (1998)

Anaerobic treatment of dilute wastewater was studied using three laboratory‐scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs), each with an active volume of 6 L. The reactors were fed a synthetic substrate made from nonfat dry milk supplemented with nutrients and trace metals. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) of the feed were 600 mg/L and 285 mg/L, respectively. Steady‐state performance data were collected over a time period of 2 years at reactor temperatures of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, and 25°C. Hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were maintained at 24, 16, 12, 8, and 6 hours. Steady‐state process kinetics and removal efficiencies were evaluated for the various conditions. Results showed that the ASBR process was capable of achieving more than 90% soluble COD (SCOD) and BOD 5 , removal at temperatures of 20°C and 25°C at all HRTs. At a temperature of 5°C and a 6‐hour HRT, SCOD and BOD 5 , removals were 62% and 75%, respectively. At intermediate temperatures ranging from 5 to 25°C and HRTs between 24 and 6 hours, removal of soluble organic matter ranged from 62 to 90% for COD and from 75 to 90% for BOD 5 . In all cases, solids retention times were high enough to maintain good performance. Substrate removal rates and half‐saturation coefficients were also determined at all temperatures. The temperature correction coefficient was determined to be 1.08 in the temperature range of 7.5 to 25°C. It is concluded that the ASBR has unique characteristics that enable efficient removal of organics during treatment of dilute wastewaters at low temperatures.
A linear programming approach to NLOS error mitigation in sensor networks (2006)

In this paper, we propose a linear programming approach to the problem of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error mitigation in sensor networks. The locations of sensor nodes can be estimated using range or distance estimates from location-aware nodes. In the absence of line-of-sight (LOS) between the sensor and anchor nodes, e.g., in indoor networks, the NLOS range estimates can be severely biased. If these biased range estimates are directly incorporated into practical location estimators such as the least-squares (LS) estimator without the mitigation of these bias errors, this can potentially lead to degradation in the accuracy of sensor location estimates. On the other hand, discarding the biased range estimates may not be a viable option, since the number of range estimates available may be limited. We present a novel NLOS bias mitigation scheme, based on linear programming, which (i) allows us to incorporate NLOS range information into sensor location-estimation, but (ii) does not allow NLOS bias errors to degrade sensor localization accuracy.
Inclusion of Variable Characteristic Length in Microemulsion Flash Calculations (2020)

Summary Recent developments in predicting microemulsion phase behavior for use in chemical flooding are based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) and net-average curvature (NAC) equation-of-state (EoS). The most advanced version of the HLD-NAC EoS assumes that the three-phase micelle characteristic length is constant as parameters like salinity and temperature vary. In this paper, we relax this assumption to improve the accuracy and thermodynamic consistency of these flash calculations. We introduce a variable characteristic length in the three-phase region based on experimental data that is monotonic with salinity or other formulation variables, such as temperature and pressure. The characteristic length at the boundary of the three-phase region is then used for flash calculations in the two-phase lobes for Winsor type II-/II+. The functional form of the characteristic length is made consistent with the Gibbs phase rule. The improved EoS can capture asymmetric phase behavior data around the optimum, whereas current HLD-NAC based models cannot. The variable characteristic length formulation also resolves the thermodynamic inconsistency of existing phase behavior models that give multiple solutions for the optimum. We show from experimental data and theory that the inverse of the characteristic length varies linearly with formulation variables. This important result means that it is easy to predict the characteristic length in the three-phase region, which also improves the estimation of surrounding two-phase lobes. This improved physical understanding of microemulsion phase behavior should greatly aid in the design of surfactant blends and improve recovery predictions in a chemical flooding simulator.
Cell Deployment Optimization for Cloud Radio Access Networks using Teletraffic Theory (2015)

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a new mobile radio access network design based on centralized and pooled processing. It offers potential cost savings by utilizing the so-called tidal effect due to user mobility in cellular networks. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the performance (multiplexing) gain of such cellular networks. The used analytical model is based on a multi-dimensional loss system and can be applied to heterogeneous networks with various cell traffic profiles. Based on the analysis, the key parameters for cell deployment optimization are identified. The conditions for optimization are based on the aggregated traffic characteristics and baseband unit pool dimensioning. This paper considers cells with different traffic profiles and the optimal conditions for maximization of the pooling gain are determined. Furthermore, it is shown how the model can be applied to dynamically re-assign cells to a pool of baseband units. The re-assignment is based on the cell load and traffic characteristics such that effective utilization of the baseband resources is assured.
M1-like macrophage contributes to chondrogenesis in vitro (2021)

Cartilage tissues have poor self-repairing abilities. Regenerative medicine can be applied to recover cartilage tissue damage in the oral and maxillofacial regions. However, hitherto it has not been possible to predict the maturity of the tissue construction after transplantation or to prepare mature cartilage tissues before transplantation that can meet clinical needs. Macrophages play an important role in cartilage tissue regeneration, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we established and verified an in vitro experimental system for the direct co-culture of cell pellets prepared from mouse auricular chondrocytes and macrophages polarized into four phenotypes (M1-like, M1, M2-like, and M2). We demonstrate that cartilage pellets co-cultured with M1-like promoted collagen type 2 and aggrecan production and induced the most significant increase in chondrogenesis. Furthermore, M1-like shifted to M2 on day 7 of co-culture, suggesting that the cartilage pellet supplied factors that changed the polarization of M1-like. Our findings suggest that cartilage regenerative medicine will be most effective if the maturation of cartilage tissues is induced in vitro by co-culture with M1-like before transplantation.
Nanovoid Incorporated IrxCu Metallic Aerogels for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysis (2018)

Ir-based nanomaterials are regarded as state-of-the-art cathode electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Engineering the morphology of Ir-based three-dimensional architectures as electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been rarely studied. Here, we report the gelation of IrxCu metallic hydrogels self-assembled with ultrafine and nanovoid incorporated building blocks for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance toward OER. The composition-optimized Ir3Cu metallic aerogels exhibited improved catalytic activity and durability toward OER. The mesosized voids generated through the in situ galvanic replacement reaction and the macrosized porous systems make a great contribution to the increased number of active sites. First-principle calculations revealed the intrinsic optimized binding energy of Ir by alloying with Cu. The best catalytic performance necessities a balance of the adsorption and desorption energy. The well-defined morphology and enhanced OER electrochemical performances of nanovoid incorporated IrxCu metallic aerogels hold great promise in further applications in PEMWEs.
Studies on 21-3H-labeled corticosteroids: evidence for isomerization of the ketol side chain of 11-deoxycorticosterone by a hamster liver enzyme (1977)

&lt;p&gt;The blocking temperature T&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; has been determined as a function of the antiferromagnetic layer thickness in the Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/CoO exchange biased system. For CoO layers thinner than 50 Å, T&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; is reduced below the Néel temperature T&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; of bulk CoO (291 K), independent of crystallographic orientation or film substrate (α-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, SrTiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, and MgO). Neutron diffraction studies show that TB does not track the CoO ordering temperature and, hence, that this reduction in T&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; does not arise from finite-size scaling. Instead, the ordering temperature of the CoO layers is enhanced above the bulk TN for layer thicknesses ≲100Å due to the proximity of magnetic Fe3O4 layers.&lt;/p&gt;
Routes of Exposure: Topical and Transdermal (1999)

The dermal route of administration poses a number of scientific, technical, and regulatory challenges to those charged with characterizing the safety of new excipients for topical or transdermal us...
Serendipitous recommendations via innovators (2010)

To realize services that provide serendipity, this paper assesses the surprise of each user when presented recommendations. We propose a recommendation algorithm that focuses on the search time that, in the absence of any recommendation, each user would need to find a desirable and novel item by himself. Following the hypothesis that the degree of user's surprise is proportional to the estimated search time, we consider both innovators' preferences and trends for identifying items with long estimated search times. To predict which items the target user is likely to purchase in the near future, the candidate items, this algorithm weights each item that innovators have purchased and that reflect one or more current trends; it then lists them in order of decreasing weight. Experiments demonstrate that this algorithm outputs recommendations that offer high user/item coverage, a low Gini coefficient, and long estimated search times, and so offers a high degree of recommendation serendipitousness.
The implementation of PC Scheme (1986)

PC Scheme is a compiler-based implementation of Scheme for PC-class machines. The compiler generates code for an idealized virtual machine which is emulated with threaded code techniques. The design has traded off the requirements of space sad speed effectively, resulting in one of the fastest PC-class LISP systems known to the authors.
Stereopsis depends on a matched interocular mean luminance (2013)

Stereopsis depends on matched inputs from the two eyes. The role of contrast and spatial frequency have been well studied but we know little about the effects of a mismatch in mean luminance between the two eyes. If stereo depends on a matched luminance between the two eyes there are three possible reasons why. First, even though the physical contrast is unaltered, the neural contrast sensitivity will eventually change and this could result in reduced stereo via its contrast dependence. Second, mean luminance is known to be associated with a slower visual response and this could reduce stereo due to temporal asynchrony. Thirdly, optimal stereo may require a matched interocular mean luminance per se. We thus tested the effects of different neutral density (ND) filters in a disparity detection task using a spatially filtered and unfiltered fractal noise stimulus. We first determined whether the reduction in stereo with mean luminance reduction in one eye was spatial scale dependent. We then determined whether any reduction in stereo performance could be accounted by the expected luminance-dependent temporal asynchrony. The results suggest that stereo does depend on a match mean luminance in the two eyes, it is scale dependent with greater reduction occurring at the lowest scale and that while temporal asynchrony is a factor resulting from reducing the mean luminance, it is not the sole cause of the reduced stereo performance. We conclude that there is a mean luminance per se constraint to stereo matching. Supported by an NSERC grant (# 46528) to RFH Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. II. Presynaptic conductance changes caused by histamine (1986)

We have examined the morphology and pharmacology of the L32 neurons, identified cells that mediate presynaptic inhibition in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion, to gain insight into the putative transmitter released by the L32 cells. We analyzed the fine structure of the synaptic release sites of L32 cells stained with horseradish peroxidase. Each varicosity of L32 was found to contain two general classes of vesicles. One class of vesicles is large (mean long diameter of 98 nm) and contains an electron-dense core that typically filled or nearly filled each vesicle profile. The second class of vesicles is smaller (mean long diameter of 67 nm) and relatively electron lucent. The size, distribution, and morphology of the vesicle population in L32's terminals was similar to that described at the synapses of the identified histaminergic neuron C2 in Aplysia (2). These morphological observations suggested that L32 cells might be histaminergic. Among the various putative transmitters tested, histamine was most effective in mimicking the postsynaptic effects of L32 cells onto L10, and onto other follower cells of L32 in the abdominal ganglion. Histamine also caused inhibition of transmitter output from L10. Both the IPSP produced by L32 in L10 and the response of L10 to histamine could be reversibly blocked by cimetidine, a histamine antagonist in Aplysia (14). These results support, but do not establish the identification of histamine as the putative transmitter of L32 cells. Histamine mimics the action of L32 in mediating presynaptic inhibition allowing us to examine in more detail the conductance changes in L10 underlying presynaptic inhibition. Voltage-clamp analysis revealed that histamine blocked the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current and increased a voltage-dependent K+ current in L10, much as did L32. Both of these changes are likely to act synergistically to inhibit transmitter release. Reduction of Ca2+ current in L10 would directly inhibit transmitter release from L10 directly by decreasing the amount of Ca2+ entering during spike depolarization. The increase in K+ current would act indirectly to reduce transmitter release from L10, by hyperpolarizing L10 and decreasing the amplitude and duration of spikes in L10, as well as reducing the steady-state Ca2+ influx. These results support the idea that in Aplysia presynaptic inhibition is caused primarily by a direct transmitter-mediated reduction in presynaptic Ca2+ current and secondarily by a hyperpolarization of the presynaptic neuron due to a transmitter-mediated increase in a K+ current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An inverse to the Optical Society of America‐Uniform Color System (2011)

Abstract The Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales (OSA‐UCS) possesses many salutary properties, but it is presently under‐utilized. The authors believe the reason may be that the transformation from CIE notation to the OSA system presently has no known inverse. In an effort to rectify that lack, the OSA system is presented in its forward transformation, and then an inverse transformation using a Newton–Raphson iterative algorithm is described. The authors' experience with parameters associated with implementing the algorithm is related, and a few worked examples are provided to assist potential users in their implementation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
All-fiber ytterbium femtosecond laser without dispersion compensation (2008)

We report on an all-fiber femtosecond ytterbium laser without dispersion compensation consisting of all-normal dispersion fibers. Mode-locking was achieved by nonlinear polarization evolution in combination with additional amplitude modulation generated by a fiber-based spectral filter. The generated pulses were highly chirped and had a maximum pulse energy of 1.8 nJ. The output pulse duration was 7.6 ps and could be dechirped to 179 fs.
[Edge to edge repair for mitral regurgitation in a patient with chronic hemodialysis: report of a case]. (2001)

In a patient with chronic hemodialysis, the high risk of calcific degeneration of biological prosthetic valve and anticoagulant related complications after valve replacement have been reported. A 71-year-old woman with hemodialysis underwent the edge to edge repair combined with ring-annuloplasty for mitral regurgitation caused by the anterior leaflet prolapse without any torn chordae. Postoperative course was uneventful. There was no significant mitral regurgitation. Double mitral orifices were confirmed by the postoperative echocardiography. A calculated functional mitral valve area was 3.06 cm2. The edge to edge repair is a simplified technique and carried out in a short time. We believe the edge to edge repair is a useful technique for anterior mitral valve prolapse in a patient with chronic hemodialysis.
Bactericidal activities of synthetic human leukocyte cathepsin G-derived antibiotic peptides and congeners against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga sputigena (1993)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. are gram-negative bacteria implicated in the etiology of periodontal disease (particularly in individuals with neutrophil defects) and life-threatening systemic infections. They are resistant to many antibiotics of microbial origin but are sensitive to the nonoxidative microbicidal action of neutrophils. These organisms are susceptible to the microbicidal effect of cathepsin G but are killed by two distinct mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to assess their sensitivity to the antibiotic effects of IIGGR and HPQYNQR, antimicrobial peptides derived from human neutrophil cathepsin G. The efficacies of the synthetic peptides IIGGR and HPQYNQR were tested by single-dose screening, dose-response, and kinetic assays against three representative strains (each) of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. and one strain of Eikenella corrodens. Strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were sensitive to IIGGR and HPQYNQR at equal concentrations (wt/vol), whereas strains of Capnocytophaga and E. corrodens were more sensitive to IIGGR than to HPQYNQR. These differential antibiotic effects occurred over both time and dose ranges too narrow to be of therapeutic significance but are consistent with the premise that cathepsin G kills these oral bacteria by two distinct mechanisms. Except for IVGGR, congeners of IIGGR, including AIGGR, IAGGR, IIAGR, IIGAR, IIGGA, IQGGR, ILGGR, and I-norleucyl-GGR (InLGGR), were microbicidal at 500 micrograms/ml. IIGGR-amide exhibited no antibiotic activity. The D-enantiomer of IIGGR, DIDIGGDR, was as potent as IIGGR itself. APQYNQR exhibited antibiotic activity but somewhat less than HPQYNQR. We conclude that charge distribution, but not chirality or net charge, is an important determinant in the antibiotic efficacy of IIGGR. Moreover, peptide antibiotics derived from cathepsin G may have therapeutic value against periodontal gram-negative, facultative bacteria.