gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Fcγ Receptor–Mediated Binding and Phagocytosis (2005)

This unit describes functional assays that quantify macrophage FcgammaR surface expression. In each assay, IgG-opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) labeled with Na2 51CrO4 are used to detect interaction with macrophages. The Basic Protocol measures phagocytosis of target cells following treatment of macrophages with agents known to modulate FcgammaR expression. The Alternate Protocol describes a method that can be used to measure FcgammaR-mediated binding of target cells to macrophages. A choice of opsonin in both methods allows for some discrimination between subclasses of FcgammaRs that are responsible for the observed results.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Metal Complexes of aC3-Symmetric P-Stereogenic Triphosphine, (R)-MeSi(CH2PMe(t-Bu))3(MT-Siliphos) (2012)

Asymmetric deprotonation of PMe2(t-Bu)(BH3) with s-BuLi/(−)-sparteine, followed by treatment with MeSiCl3, gave a 2.6:1 mixture of the C3- and C1-symmetric triphosphine–boranes MeSi(CH2PMe(t-Bu)(BH3))3 (3). Recrystallization gave highly diastereomerically and enantiomerically enriched C3-3. After deprotection with morpholine, the triphosphine (R)-MeSi(CH2PMe(t-Bu))3 (4; (Me, t-Bu)-Siliphos or MT-Siliphos) was used to prepare the metal complexes [Rh(MT-Siliphos)(norbornadiene)][OTf] (5), Ru(MT-Siliphos)(DMSO)Cl2 (6), [Ru(MT-Siliphos)(NCMe)3][OTf]2 (7), M(MT-Siliphos)(PPh3) (M = Pd (8), Pt (9)), Cu(MT-Siliphos)(Cl) (10), and polymeric [Cu2Cl2(μ-(κ2,κ1)-MT-Siliphos)]∞ (11). The crystal structures of C3-3 and of complexes 5, 7, and 11 were determined, and dynamic processes in 6 and 8 were characterized by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy.
A sampling method based on URL clustering for fast web accessibility evaluation (2015)

When evaluating the accessibility of a large website, we rely on sampling methods to reduce the cost of evaluation. This may lead to a biased evaluation when the distribution of checkpoint violations in a website is skewed and the selected samples do not provide a good representation of the entire website. To improve sampling quality, stratified sampling methods first cluster web pages in a site and then draw samples from each cluster. In existing stratified sampling methods, however, all the pages in a website need to be analyzed for clustering, causing huge I/O and computation costs. To address this issue, we propose a novel page sampling method based on URL clustering for web accessibility evaluation, namely URLSamp. Using only the URL information for stratified page sampling, URLSamp can efficiently scale to large websites. Meanwhile, by exploiting similarities in URL patterns, URLSamp cluster pages by their generating scripts and can thus effectively detect accessibility problems from web page templates. We use a data set of 45 web sites to validate our method. Experimental results show that our URLSamp method is both effective and efficient for web accessibility evaluation.
RETHINK big: European roadmap for hardware anc networking optimizations for big data (2017)

This paper discusses the results of the RETHINK big Project, a 2-year Collaborative Support Action funded by the European Commission in order to write the European Roadmap for Hardware and Networking optimizations for Big Data. This industry-driven project was led by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), and it included large industry partners, SMEs and academia. The roadmap identifies business opportunities from 89 in-depth interviews with 70 European industry stakeholders in the area of Big Data and predicts the future technologies that will disrupt the state of the art in Big Data processing in terms of hardware and networking optimizations. Moreover, it presents coordinated technology development recommendations (focused on optimizations in networking and hardware) that would be in the best interest of European Big Data companies to undertake in concert as a matter of competitive advantage.
Phase error compensation method using polynomial model for a direct digital synthesizer based chirp signal generator (2015)

As an imaging radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) requires the images of high-resolution. To enhance the resolution of images, SAR adopts the chirp signal [1]. The chirp signal is often referred as a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal because the instantaneous frequency of chirp signal increases or decreases linearly with the time. To realize the chirp signal in SAR system, the chirp signal generator adopts the direct digital synthesizer (DDS) type arbitrary waveform generator. However, the phase error due to the truncation in DDS degrades spectrum purity of output signal. This paper proposes the phase error compensation method for DDS chirp signal generator using polynomial model. To verify the performance of proposed method, the peak to side-lobe ratio (PSLR) and integrated side-lobe ratio (ISLR) are analyzed. In this paper, compared to the conventional DDS system, the PSLR is improved from −13.5536 dB to −13.6207 dB and ISLR is improved from −10.3263 dB to −10.3126 dB when the proposed method is applied.
Smooth-Reduce: Leveraging Patches for Improved Certified Robustness (2022)

Randomized smoothing (RS) has been shown to be a fast, scalable technique for certifying the robustness of deep neural network classifiers. However, methods based on RS require augmenting data with large amounts of noise, which leads to significant drops in accuracy. We propose a training-free, modified smoothing approach, Smooth-Reduce, that leverages patching and aggregation to provide improved classifier certificates. Our algorithm classifies overlapping patches extracted from an input image, and aggregates the predicted logits to certify a larger radius around the input. We study two aggregation schemes -- max and mean -- and show that both approaches provide better certificates in terms of certified accuracy, average certified radii and abstention rates as compared to concurrent approaches. We also provide theoretical guarantees for such certificates, and empirically show significant improvements over other randomized smoothing methods that require expensive retraining. Further, we extend our approach to videos and provide meaningful certificates for video classifiers. A project page can be found at https://nyu-dice-lab.github.io/SmoothReduce/
Regional blood flow measurement in vivo for a definable geometry (1964)

A radioisotope method for measuring regional blood flow in the intestine of the dog in vivo has been favorably compared with measurement by timed collection of total venous outflow. The necessary conditions are a continuous measure of arterial concentration and cumulative regional concentration of radioisotope, an experimentally definable region, and temporary complete retention of tracer. The derivation of the relations used suggests additional applications of the method to other regions of the body.
Conformationally Controlled Odor Perception in ‘Steroid‐type’ Scent Molecules (1983)

Abstract A series of compounds possessing a ‘Steroid‐type’ scent and related to 4‐(4′‐ t ‐butylcyclohexyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanones ( 1 and 2 ) has been synthesized. The odor of these compounds has been found to be dependent on their conformation; only when the molecule can assume a steroid‐like shape there is an interaction with the odor chemoreceptor.
Observation of higher confined exciton states in serpentine superlattices by linear polarized excitation spectroscopy (1993)

(Al,Ga)As serpentine superlattice (SSL) quantum-wire arrays with a paraboliccrescent cross section have been grown on vicinal GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The quantum wires have dimensions on the order of 5 nm and 1D confined valence band states have been reported previously. Here we report on subsequent SSL samples having photoluminescence (PL) linewidths of 5 meV and displaying well-resolved excitation spectra. The data were obtained at 1.4 K and include linearly-polarized PL and PL excitation spectra (PLE) taken normal to the vicinal (100) surface. These data were fitted with effective-mass calculations that include the SSL geometry, valence band mixing, and imperfect lateral composition modulation. In linear polarized PLE (polarized parallel and perpendicular to the quantum wires), we have been able to resolve a SSL-induced heavy-light hole splitting of the ground state exciton. The observed heavy-light hole splitting is of the order of 5 meV with an electron-heavy hole subband separation of 15-20 meV. We extract a lateral composition modulation between the barrier and the wire to be 15 % from the observed heavy-light hole splitting corresponding to a lateral potential-energy difference in the conduction band of about 120 meV.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW COMPLEXONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Es werden zunächst die neuen "Komplexonfragmente" (III), (V), (VI), (X), (XI), (XIII), (XIV), (XVl) und (XVII) mit sekundären Aminogruppen hergestellt.
Low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 (1994)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) films, with qualities approaching to those of thermal oxide, were deposited at 40 °C in a helical resonator plasma reactor from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and oxygen discharge. The films were characterized using transmission infrared spectroscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellisometry, and wet etch rate measurements. It was found that the TEOS/O2 ratio, ℜ, in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 is as important a parameter as the substrate temperature. Using low TEOS/O2 ratio (ℜ&amp;lt;1:20), high quality SiO2 films could be deposited by PECVD at room temperature. At high TEOS/O2 ratio, particularly at low temperature, ethoxy ligands of the TEOS molecule are incorporated into the film disrupting the connectedness of the SiO4 tetrahedra resulting in porous, low density films with high OH content.
Research on antenna phase center anechoic chamber calibration method (2010)

Phase center variation of GPS receiving antenna is a significant error component in high precise survey GPS applications, thus an antenna phase center calibration procedure is needed. Antenna phase center anechoic chamber calibration method is researched. Mean phase center offset and elevation dependent phase center variations are estimated by means of least-squares estimation based on measured phase pattern. The error sources of the calibration method are analyzed by means of theory analysis and experiment validation. Methods to reduce calibration error are given, and calibration method and procedure are presented. The antenna phase center calibration example is provided to verify the accuracy of the calibration method. The difference of PCV between anechoic chamber calibration result and NGS's field calibration result is less than 2mm. The calibration repeatability is less than 0.7 mm.
Multilayer white lighting polymer light-emitting diodes (2006)

Organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) that emit white light are of interest and potential importance for use in active matrix displays (with color filters) and because they might eventually be used for solid-state lighting. In such applications, large-area devices and low-cost of manufacturing will be major issues. We demonstrated that high performance multilayer white emitting PLEDs can be fabricated by using a blend of luminescent semiconducting polymers and organometallic complexes as the emission layer, and water-soluble (or ethanol-soluble) polymers/small molecules (for example, PVK-SO<sub>3</sub>Li) as the hole injection/transport layer (HIL/HTL) and water-soluble (or ethanol-soluble) polymers/small molecules (for example, <i>t</i>-Bu-PBD-SO<sub>3</sub>Na) as the electron injection/transport layer (EIL/HTL). Each layer is spin-cast sequentially from solutions. Illumination quality light is obtained with stable Commission Internationale d'Eclairage coordinates, stable color temperatures, and stable high color rendering indices, all close to those of "pure" white. The multilayer white-emitting PLEDs exhibit luminous efficiency of 21 cd/A, power efficiency of 6 lm/W at a current density of 23 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> with luminance of 5.5 x 10<sup>4</sup> cd/m<sup>2</sup> at 16 V. By using water-soluble (ethanol-soluble) polymers/small molecules as HIL/HTL and polymers/small molecules as EIL/ETL, the interfacial mixing problem is solved (the emissive polymer layer is soluble in organic solvents, but not in water/ ethanol). As a result, this device architecture and process technology can potentially be used for printing large-area multiplayer light sources and for other applications in "plastic" electronics. More important, the promise of producing large areas of high quality white light with low-cost manufacturing technology makes the white multilayer white-emitting PLEDs attractive for the development of solid state light sources.
Perspectives on the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy with DNA repair inhibitors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal. Current research that combines radiation with targeted therapy may dramatically improve prognosis. Cancerous cells are characterized by unstable genomes and activation of DNA repair pathways, which are indicated by increased phosphorylation of numerous factors, including H2AX, ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, DNA-PKcs, Rad51, and Ku70/Ku80 heterodimers. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage. Cancer cells can be made more sensitive to the effects of radiation (radiosensitization) through inhibition of DNA repair pathways. The synergistic effects, of two or more combined non-lethal treatments, led to co-administration of chemotherapy and radiosensitization in BRCA-defective cells and patients, with promising results. ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 pathways are principal regulators of cell cycle arrest, following DNA double-strand or single-strand breaks. DNA double-stranded breaks activate DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). It forms a holoenzyme with Ku70/Ku80 heterodimers, called DNA-PK, which catalyzes the joining of nonhomologous ends. This is the primary repair pathway utilized in human cells after exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiosensitization, induced by inhibitors of ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, Wee1, PP2A, or DNA-PK, has been demonstrated in preclinical pancreatic cancer studies. Clinical trials are underway. Development of agents that inhibit DNA repair pathways to be clinically used in combination with radiotherapy is warranted for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Reversible Binding of Molecular Oxygen to Catecholate and Amidophenolate Complexes of SbV: Electronic and Steric Factors (2012)

Edge of reactivity: The reactions of reversible binding of molecular oxygen to catecholate and amidophenolate complexes of Sb(V) are investigated by analyzing the position of electronic (E(HOMO)) and steric (G-parameter) factors. The optimal electronic and steric parameters for such type reactions are found.
Manipulating and Imaging the Shape of an Electronic Wave Function by Magnetotunneling Spectroscopy (2010)

We measure the current due to electrons tunneling through the ground state of hydrogenic Si donors placed in a GaAs quantum well in the presence of a magnetic field tilted at an angle to the plane of the well. The component of B parallel to the direction of current compresses the donor wave function. By measuring the current as a function of the perpendicular component of B, we probe how the magnetocompression affects the spatial form of the wave function and observe directly the transition from Coulombic to magnetic confinement at high fields.
Spatially-varying image deblurring (2014)

Camera shake is one of the most common causes of image blur. This type of blur arises when a long exposure is required (due to low light levels, for example), and the camera is not held still.
Cutting Edge: B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator and Programmed Death Receptor-1 Inhibitory Receptors Are Required for Termination of Acute Allergic Airway Inflammation (2006)

T cell activation is regulated by coordinate interaction of the T cell Ag receptor and costimulatory signals. Although there is considerable insight into processes that regulate the initiation of inflammation, less is known about the signals that terminate immune responses. We have examined the role of the inhibitory receptors programmed death receptor-1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. Our results demonstrate that there is a temporally regulated expression of both the receptors and their ligands during the course of allergic airway inflammation. Following a single inhaled challenge, sensitized wild-type mice exhibit peak inflammation on day 3, which resolves by day 10. In contrast, mice deficient in the expression of programmed death receptor-1 or B and T lymphocyte attenuator have persistent inflammation out to 15 days following challenge. Thus, these receptors are critical determinants of the duration of allergic airway inflammation.
Steric Requirements for the Active Site of a Lipase fromCandida RugosaStudied by the use of a Sulfinyl Group as a Chiral Probe (1998)

This work presents an investigation of the Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis of a number of carboxy-functionalized sulfoxides. In the substrates studied, the sulfinyl group is preferentially located in the β-position of the acid part of the molecule. The excellent chiral recognition obtained for hydrolysis of methy1 2-(octylsulfinyl)benzoate, 1, (E > 100 in favour of the (S)-enantiomer) was found to fall off with decreasing steric constraints in the molecular structure, and from the results obtained from the thio and sulfonyl analogs of 1, the steric and electronic effects of the oxygen substituents at the sulfur atom have been rationalized in terms of an active site binding model. Of two proteins isolated from a heterogenous lipase fraction of Candida rugosa, the one with the higher pi displayed the highest hydrolytic activity as well as enantioselectivity towards 1. A desymmetrization of the prochiral compound bis(2-carbomethoxyphenyl)sulfoxide was obtained with an eep of 93.5% of the favoured mono methyl ester. Comparative experiments including lipases from Aspergillus niger, Candida antarctica B and Pseudomonas sp. AK showed that the Candida rugosa lipase gave the highest enantioselectivity.
Induction of Apoptotic Genes by a p73-Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (p73-PTEN) Protein Complex in Response to Genotoxic Stress (2011)

The p53 family member, p73, has been characterized as a tumor suppressor and functions in a similar manner as p53 to induce cellular death. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) can function as a dual specificity lipid/protein phosphatase. However, recent data have described multiple roles for nuclear PTEN independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN can directly or indirectly activate p53 to promote apoptosis. We examined whether PTEN would interact and regulate p73 independent of p53. Co-localization in the nucleus and complex formation of p73/PTEN were observed after DNA damage. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that p73α/PTEN proteins directly bind one another. Both overexpressed and endogenous p73-PTEN interactions were determined to be the strongest in the nuclear fraction after DNA damage, which suggested formation of a transcriptional complex. We employed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and found that p73 and PTEN were associated with the PUMA promoter after genotoxic stress in TP53-null cells. We found that another p73 target, BAX, had an increased expression in the presence of p73 and PTEN. In addition, in virus-transduced cell lines stably expressing p73, PTEN, or both p73/PTEN, we found that the p73/PTEN cells were more sensitive to genotoxic stress and cellular death as measured by increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and PUMA/Bax induction. Conversely, knockdown of PTEN dramatically reduced Bax and PUMA levels. Thus, a p73-PTEN protein complex is engaged to induce apoptosis independent of p53 in response to DNA damage.
Single site polymerization of ethylene and 1‐olefins initiated by rare earth metal complexes (1996)

Abstract Ethylene polymerization was explored by using the racemic SiMe 2 (2‐SiMe 3 ‐4‐tBuC 5 H 2 ) 2 Sm(THF) 2 complex ( 1 ), meso type Me 2 Si(Me 2 SiOSiMe 2 )(3‐tBuC 5 H 2 ) 2 Sm‐(THF) 2 complex ( 2 ), and C 1 ‐symmetric SiMe 2 [2,4‐(SiMe 3 ) 2 C 5 H 2 ][3,4‐(SiMe 3 ) 2 C 5 H 2 ]‐Sm(THF) 2 complex ( 3 ) in the absence of methylaluminoxane. As a result, the meso isomer exhibits highest initiating activity, but the number‐average molecular weight is relatively low ( M n = 50000). In contrast to these complexes, the C 1 ‐symmetric complex provides the highest molecular weight of polyethylene, M n &gt; 1000000, with relatively narrow molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n = 1.60). Only the racemic complex exhibits good activity for the polymerization of propylene, 1‐pentene and 1‐hexene.
Lactate dehydrogenase A negatively regulated by miRNAs promotes aerobic glycolysis and is increased in colorectal cancer (2015)

Reprogramming metabolism of tumor cells is a hallmark of cancer. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells. Previous studies has shown higher levels of LDHA is related with colorectal cancer (CRC), but its role in tumor maintenance and underlying molecular mechanisms has not been established. Here, we investigated miRNAs-induced changes in LDHA expression. We reported that colorectal cancer express higher levels of LDHA compared with adjacent normal tissue. Knockdown of LDHA resulted in decreased lactate and ATP production, and glucose uptake. Colorectal cancer cells with knockdown of LDHA had much slower growth rate than control cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-34a, miR-34c, miR-369-3p, miR-374a, and miR-4524a/b target LDHA and regulate glycolysis in cancer cells. There is a negative correlation between these miRNAs and LDHA expression in colorectal cancer tissues. More importantly, we identified a genetic loci newly associated with increased colorectal cancer progression, rs18407893 at 11p15.4 (in 3'-UTR of LDHA), which maps to the seed sequence recognized by miR-374a. Cancer cells overexpressed miR-374a has decreased levels of LDHA compared with miR-374a-MUT (rs18407893 at 11p15.4). Taken together, these novel findings provide more therapeutic approaches to the Warburg effect and therapeutic targets of cancer energy metabolism.
Konstitution und Vererbung (1936)

ZusammenfassungFür die Entstehung und für den Verlauf von Krankheiten kommen nicht nur die Einflüsse der Außenwelt, z. B. Traumen und Infektionen in Betracht, sondern vor allem auch die Eigenschaften und namentlich die Widerstandsfähigkeit des einzelnen Menschen, die wir als dessen Konstitution bezeichnen. Wir verstehen darunter die gesamte körperliche und seelische Beschaffenheit, welche ein Mensch zu einer gegebenen Zeit darbietet. Die Konstitution eines Menschen läßt sich nur schwer nach äußerlich sichtbaren Merkmalen klassifizieren. Man kann zwar unterscheiden zwischen einem gedrungenen (pyknischen) Körperbau und einem langen schmalen (asthenischen) leptosomen Habitus, der sich oft durch geringere Muskelentwicklung, niedrigen Blutdruck und leichte Ermüdbarkeit auszeichnet; ferner einen athletischen und hypoplastischen Typus. Doch ist damit keine genügende Charakterisierung gegeben und namentlich ist seine Abwehrfähigkeit gegen Krankheiten nicht erkennbar.