gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet and Megakaryocytic Regulation of Tumor Progression (2017)

Traditionally viewed as the bandaids of the blood, the contribution of platelets to the progression of malignancy is emerging as a compelling focus for therapeutic intervention. Complex interactions between tumor cells, and circulating platelets play an important role in tumor growth and dissemination, and a growing body of data supports a role for platelet activation and release of chemokines in metastases and neovascularization. Supporting this concept is the evidence that elevated platelet counts (thrombocytosis) at time of diagnosis with malignancy is a harbinger of an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. One very interesting and provocative connection between cancer and platelets is the increasing evidence that tumor cells hijack platelets to promote a more pro-malignant phenotype to drive disease progression. Our laboratories have been instrumental in establishing the pro-malignant role of platelets in metastasis and neovascularization. We have demonstrated that tumor cells can instruct platelets to release key cytokines that promote angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells. Perhaps the most compelling clinical evidence of the link between platelets and malignancy is the finding that anti-platelet agents can have a profound impact on malignancy. We have demonstrated previously, anti-platelet agents such as aspirin and anticoagulants suppress release of key neovascularization factors from platelets and suppress the neovascularization potential. Aspirin also suppresses the invasive properties of platelets in mouse metastasis models as well as in vitro metastasis assays. Similarly, we have also demonstrated that tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator often used to treat breast cancer, can also diminish the ability of platelets to support malignancy by diminishing the platelet's role in promoting neovascularization as well as metastasis. Although much is understood regarding how tumors communicate with platelets less is understood about how platelets manipulate tumor cells. Our laboratory has elucidated the role of key chemokines released from platelets in response to tumor cells and how these factors promote tumor growth and metastasis. We have recently discovered that tumor cells can instruct platelets to release CCL5, a known driver of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and have expanded the role of CCL5 not only as a regulator of metastasis but also as a central controller of platelet production. Despite this progress many questions still remain regarding the interaction between tumor cells and platelets. We are particularly interested in how tumor cells instruct megakaryocytes to increase platelet production. In addition malignancy may also reprogram megakaryocytes thereby manipulating the platelet phenotype to support tumor growth and metastasis. Because most cancer therapies focus on the tumor itself, the idea of targeting platelets in the tumor microenvironment to arrest tumor growth and metastatic spread represents a novel therapeutic strategy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Thermally assisted oscillatory interlayer exchange bias coupling (2001)

A strong temperature dependence of the characteristic behavior of the interlayer exchange bias coupling was observed in a ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal/antiferromagnet trilayer system (NiO/Cu/NiFe). The oscillation of the interlayer exchange bias coupling was found to be thermally assisted. At low temperature, the exchange bias field decreased monotonically with the Cu spacer thickness. Increasing the temperature close to the Ne\'el temperature, the interlayer exchange bias field became oscillatory with the Cu spacer thickness. A simple picture of the temperature-dependent competition between the RKKY-like coupling and the antiferromagnetic coupling within the antiferromagnetic layer as well as the interlayer dipolar interaction is proposed to explain these findings.
Doxorubicin treatments (raw data) in human HCC cell lines from Inducing Differentiation of Premalignant Hepatic Cells as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Hepatocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5 data file&lt;/p&gt;
La géométrie des nombres. (2001)

Christophe Soule dresse a grands traits l'histoire de la geometrie des nombres, de ses origines lointaines chez Euclide a la tentative de synthese d'Arakelov avec la geometrie algebrique, en passant par l'etablissement du theoreme central de la discipline par Minkowski. Pour finir, il propose une interpretation neurobiologique de la difference irreductible entre la geometrie des nombres, de dimension qualitative, et la geometrie algebrique exacte.
Methods for automatic microarray image segmentation (2003)

This paper describes image processing methods for automatic spotted microarray image analysis. Automatic gridding is important to achieve constant data quality and is, therefore, especially interesting for large-scale experiments as well as for integration of microarray expression data from different sources. We propose a Markov random field (MRF) based approach to high-level grid segmentation, which is robust to common problems encountered with array images and does not require calibration. We also propose an active contour method for single-spot segmentation. Active contour models describe objects in images by properties of their boundaries. Both MRFs and active contour models have been used in various other computer vision applications. The traditional active contour model must be generalized for successful application to microarray spot segmentation. Our active contour model is employed for spot detection in the MRF score functions as well as for spot signal segmentation in quantitative array image analysis. An evaluation using several image series from different sources shows the robustness of our methods.
Combined Iodine- and Sulfur-Based Treatments for an Effective Passivation of GeSn Surface (2021)

GeSn alloys are metastable semiconductors that have been proposed as building blocks for silicon-integrated shortwave and midwave infrared photonic and sensing platforms. Exploiting these semiconductors requires, however, the control of their epitaxy and their surface chemistry to reduce nonradiative recombination that hinders the efficiency of optoelectronic devices. Herein, we demonstrate that combined sulfur- and iodine-based treatments yield effective passivation of Ge and Ge0.9Sn0.1 surfaces. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were used to investigate the dynamics of surface stability and track the reoxidation mechanisms. Our analysis shows the largest reduction in oxide after HI treatment, while HF + (NH4)2S results in a lower reoxidation rate. A combined HI + (NH4)2S treatment preserves the lowest oxide ratio of <10% up to 1 h of air exposure, while less than half of the initial oxide coverage is reached after 4 h. These results highlight the potential of S- and I-based treatments in stabilizing the GeSn surface chemistry, thus enabling a passivation method that is compatible with materials and device processing.
The significance of femoral intima-media thickness and plaque scoring in the Atorvastatin versus Simvastatin on Atherosclerosis Progression (ASAP) study (2003)

Our study indicates increased efficacy of atorvastatin 80 mg in retarding progression of atherosclerosis in the femoral artery compared with simvastatin 40 mg. Interestingly, in the carotid arteries these statins influenced IMT to a greater extent, whereas in the femoral artery the effects were more pronounced on plaque frequency. These findings underscore the generalized effects of lipid lowering on atherosclerosis.
Data Model and Analysis for Big Data Mapping and Management in the Energy Data Platform (2021)

The energy data scope is very broad including oil and gas, coal, minerals, new energy, renewable and conversion energy, electricity, and others. The different volume, variety, veracity, and velocity of data have challenge to address with the energy data model. The works focus on the development of data model for big data storage implementation schemes in the energy data. The data model has produces by analyzed the national energy big data architecture, develop the data mapping and correlation, big data master data management with energy industry standardization, big data management portal for upstream energy and downstream energy. The research has goal to establishing a foundation for building technology and big data management in the energy sector which includes petroleum, coal, geothermal and renewable energy, and in the future can be the basis for predictive analysis and national energy production.
An eddy-covariance system with an innovative vortex intake for measuring carbon dioxide and water fluxes of ecosystems (2017)

Abstract. Closed-path eddy-covariance (EC) systems are used to monitor exchanges of trace gases (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO2], water vapor [H2O], nitrous oxide and methane) between the atmosphere and biosphere. Traditional EC-intake systems are equipped with inline filters to prevent airborne dust particulate from contaminating the optical windows of the sample cell which causes measurement degradation. The inline filter should have a fine pore size (1 to 20 µm is common) to adequately protect the optics and a large filtration surface area to extend the time before it clogs. However, the filter must also have minimal internal volume to preserve good frequency response. This paper reports test results of the field performance of an EC system (EC155, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan Utah, USA) with a prototype vortex intake replacing the inline filter of a traditional EC system. The vortex-intake design is based on fluid dynamics theory. An air sample is drawn into the vortex chamber, where it spins in a vortex flow. The initially homogenous flow is separated when particle momentum forces heavier particles to the periphery of the chamber, leaving a much cleaner airstream at the center. Clean air (75 % of total flow) is drawn from the center of the vortex chamber, through a tube, to the sample cell where it is exposed to the optical windows of the gas analyzer. The remaining 25 % of the flow carries the heavier dust particles away through a separate bypass tube. An EC155 system measured CO2 and H2O fluxes in two urban-forest ecosystems in the megalopolis of Beijing, China. These sites present a challenge for EC measurements because of the generally poor air quality which has high concentrations of suspended particulate. The closed-path EC system with vortex intake significantly reduced maintenance requirements by preserving optical signal strength and sample-cell pressure within acceptable ranges for much longer periods. The system with vortex intake also maintained an excellent frequency response. For example, at the Badaling site, the amount of system downtime attributed solely to clogged filters was reduced from 26 % with traditional inline filters to 0 % with the prototype vortex intake. The use of a vortex intake could extend the geographical applicability of the EC technique in ecology and allow investigators to acquire more accurate and continuous measurements of trace-gas fluxes in a wider range of ecosystems.
Notulae ad plantas asiaticas (1847)

pt.1=[v.3] (1847)
Effect of Discontinuities and Penetrations on the Shielding Efficacy of High Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Shields (2015)

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials have been demonstrated to be suitable for applications in shielding of both DC and AC magnetic fields. Magnetic shielding is required for protecting sensitive instrumentation from external magnetic fields and for preventing the stray magnetic fields produced by high power density equipment from affecting neighbouring devices. HTS shields have high current densities at relatively high operating temperatures (40-77 K) and can be easily fabricated using commercial HTS conductor. High current densities in HTS materials allow design and fabrication of magnetic shields that are lighter and can be incorporated into the body and skin of high power density devices. HTS shields are particularly attractive for HTS devices because a single cryogenic system can be used for cooling the device and the associated shield. Typical power devices need penetrations for power and signal cabling and the penetrations create discontinuities in HTS shields. Hence it is important to assess the effect of the necessary discontinuities on the efficacy of the shields and the design modifications necessary to accommodate the penetrations.
Noise and emission characteristics of NbC∕Nb field emitters (2005)

Several applications require single field emitters with adequate long-term stability and life in a moderate vacuum. Our previous studies have shown that the refractory carbides of transition metals are capable of higher currents and are more environmentally tolerant than common field emitter materials such as W, Mo, or Si. We undertook a systematic study of the emission characteristics and stability of individual NbC∕Nb microtips at low currents and at residual pressures ranging from 10−9 to 10−5Torr. We reported preliminary results one year ago [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 22, 1643 (2004)]. We now present additional data and interpretations. These experimental data were obtained by two types of measurement: (a) continuous recording of the field emitted current at a fixed voltage and (b) recording of the emitted current with a saw-tooth applied voltage, which yields a large number of Fowler–Nordheim plots which are analyzed by the slop-intercept method. Our experimental results show greater instability than we expected. We conclude that for NbC∕Nb emitters fabricated by physical vapor deposition, emission is dominated by a very small number of extremely sharp but unstable nanoprotrusions, with an effective emitting area (from the slope-intercept charts) of the order of a few nm2. Consequently, we lack the stability and control of the beam directional intensity which are required for most applications. Prior to stable operation, single emitters should be conditioned to eliminate sharp protrusions, enhance paraxial emission, and increase the effective emitter area. We are now studying effective conditioning techniques for microtips.
Accuracy of the Brazilian Ministry of Health clinical definition of suspected classic dengue fever (2012)

Introduction: The Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) definition for cases suspected of classic dengue fever is simple and widely used for surveillance purposes, but its accuracy has not been widely evaluated. We examined the validity of the MS clinical case definition for classic dengue fever in an urgent-care setting.
Manufacturing of Sheet Metal Components with Variants Using Process Adapted Semi-Finished Products (2012)

Manufacturing of functional sheet metal products by forming can be realised with the application of conventional bulk forming operations on sheet metals. The challenges of those sheet bulk metal forming processes are high resulting forming forces and the demand on a specific control of material flow. To meet these challenges well-directed thinning of blanks as well as accumulations of material to form functional elements is employed. Due to local loads, simultaneous 2D and 3D stress and strain states occur. Process adapted semi-finished products, containing a defined sheet thickness characteristic, are formed in the presented work by the technologies upsetting and orbital forming. Orbital forming is an incremental bulk forming operation to decrease the forming zone extension and consequently the required process force. Afterwards a process combination of deep drawing and upsetting in order to manufacture a cup-shaped workpiece with external gearing is presented. The results of this integrated single-stage forming process are discussed and subsequently the potential to enhance the process limits is shown by using process adapted semi-finished products.
Failure of manual respiration (1959)

The tidal volumes moved during performance of the BPAL and CPAL methods in 29 curarized, anesthetized, apneic adults were measured with a spirometer through an oronasal mask (with and without an artificial oropharyngeal airway in place) and through a tracheal tube. With the conventional BPAL method without an artificial airway the average tidal volume was zero, or less than dead space air in 12 of 15 subjects studied. The failure was mainly due to pharyngeal obstruction by the relaxed tongue, occurring when the neck was flexed and the mandible was not supported. An artificial oropharyngeal airway only slightly improved the tidal exchange. A modified BPAL method, which consisted of the head being tilted backward, increased the tidal volume and decreased the incidence of obstruction. With the conventional CPAL method the tidal volumes likewise depended mainly on the position of the head and neck. A modified CPAL method, which consisted of maintaining the head tilted backward by elevating the shoulders, was compared in 10 subjects with the modified BPAL method. The tidal volumes were greater and the incidence of upper airway obstruction was lower with the modified CPAL method. With a tracheal tube in place, tidal volumes of 260–840 ml were moved without signs of airway obstruction. The low values occurred in short and obese patients with reduced lung-thorax compliance. Submitted on August 28, 1958
Z‐RNA: The solution NMR structure of r(CGCGCG) (1990)

Left-handed double-helical Z-RNA has been studied using the ribohexanucleotide pentaphosphate r(CpGpCpGpCpG). One-dimensional and two-dimensional proton nmr experiments were used to probe the structural details of the left-handed helix in concentrated sodium perchlorate solution. In 1M NaClO4 the RNA adopts the normal A-form double helix, and in 6M NaClO4 it is nearly all in the Z form. In 4M NaClO4 it exists as nearly equal parts of A form and Z form. Resonances corresponding to both A and Z form appear in the nmr spectrum, indicating that the duplex exchanges slowly between forms. Spin-spin coupling constants between protons in the ribose rings were used to determine the sugar-pucker conformations of the individual nucleotides. Quantitative nuclear Overhauser experiments were used to determine proton-proton distances within the nucleoside, and from these distances values for the glycosidic torsion angle were determined. The results show that the cytidines adopt C2'-endo sugar puckers (S type) with pseudo-rotation phase values (P) of approximately 165 degrees. The bases are in the anti conformation, with chi values of approximately -140 degrees. The internal guanosines adopt C3'-endo sugar puckers (N type) with P approximately 18 degrees, while the 3'-terminal guanosine ribose exists in an equilibrium between S- and N-type conformations. All three guanosine bases adopt the syn conformation, with chi approximately 70 degrees. The results indicate that the solution structure of Z-RNA is very similar to that of Z-DNA.
Prostacyclin: A Potentially Valuable Agent for Preserving Myocardial Tissue in Acute Myocardial Ischemia (1978)

Prostacyclin, a potent, naturally occurring prostaglandin exerts a variety of cardiovascular and cellular actions of potential value in acute myocardial ischemia. These properties include the reduction of systemic blood pressure without changing heart rate, the lowering of coronary vascular and total peripheral resistance, the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the concomitant formation of thromboxane B2, and the reduction of the release of lysosomal enzymes.
Mechanistic insight into the RNA-stimulated ATPase activity of tick-borne encephalitis virus helicase (2022)

The helicase domain of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3H) unwinds the double-stranded RNA replication intermediate in an ATP-dependent manner during the flavivirus life cycle. While the ATP hydrolysis mechanism of Dengue and Zika viruses NS3H has been extensively studied, little is known in the case of the tick-borne encephalitis virus NS3H. We demonstrate that ssRNA binds with nanomolar affinity to NS3H and strongly stimulates the ATP hydrolysis cycle, whereas ssDNA binds only weakly and inhibits ATPase activity in a noncompetitive manner. Thus, NS3H is an RNA-specific helicase, whereas DNA might act as an allosteric inhibitor. Using modeling, we explored plausible allosteric mechanisms by which ssDNA inhibits the ATPase via nonspecific binding in the vicinity of the active site and ATP repositioning. We captured several structural snapshots of key ATP hydrolysis stages using X-ray crystallography. One intermediate, in which the inorganic phosphate and ADP remained trapped inside the ATPase site after hydrolysis, suggests that inorganic phosphate release is the rate-limiting step. Using structure-guided modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified putative RNA-binding residues and observed that the opening and closing of the ATP-binding site modulates RNA affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved RNA-binding residues revealed that the allosteric activation of ATPase activity is primarily communicated via an arginine residue in domain 1. In summary, we characterized conformational changes associated with modulating RNA affinity and mapped allosteric communication between RNA-binding groove and ATPase site of tick-borne encephalitis virus helicase.
A robust method for inverse transport modeling of atmospheric emissions using blind outlier detection (2014)

Abstract. Emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are a serious environmental concern. In order to understand and predict their effects, it is necessary to estimate the exact quantity and timing of the emissions from sensor measurements taken at different locations. There are a number of methods for solving this problem. However, these existing methods assume Gaussian additive errors, making them extremely sensitive to outlier measurements. We first show that the errors in real-world measurement data sets come from a heavy-tailed distribution, i.e., include outliers. Hence, we propose robustifying the existing inverse methods by adding a blind outlier-detection algorithm. The improved performance of our method is demonstrated on a real data set and compared to previously proposed methods. For the blind outlier detection, we first use an existing algorithm, RANSAC, and then propose a modification called TRANSAC, which provides a further performance improvement.
Performance of dispersion compensation for ultrashort light pulse CDMA (2002)

We investigate dispersion compensation using dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) for ultrashort light pulse code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems. The fiber link is composed of standard single-mode fiber (SMF) connected with two different types of DCFs. Fiber dispersion can be effectively decreased by properly adjusting the length ratio of DCF to SMF. Some different dispersion compensation criteria are proposed and their performances are compared to improve the transmission distance through the fiber link As a result, our demonstrated compensation method allows almost distortion-free signal transmission over the compensated fiber link in excess of 30 km, and improves system performance drastically.