gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HAYASHI'S QUANTIFICATION METHOD TYPE III APPLIED TO ADL EVALUATION OF AMBULATION AND TRANSFER (1980)

In 61 patients with hemiplegia who under a rehabilitation program, the grade of gait disturbance of patient was examined by 6 physical therapists and 6 nurses, respectively. The examination consisted of observation on 46 kinds of gait or related actions; of which 14 were with a handrail, 16 with a cane and 16 with empty hands. Each rater was requested to rate the patient's performance without any mutual discussion but not practical, and practical from the standpoint of ADL(activities of living). The data collected in this way were analzyed by Hayashi's quantification method type III. Both 46 test items and 732 case-raters were arranged according to the similarity, and multidimensional mumerical values were assigned to them, respectively. On 2 dimensional plane spannde by the first 2 components, all 46 test items were plotted on a parabola and, therefore, could be rearranged one-dimensionally. It was suggested that the rank of this new arrangement roughly paralleled to that of the difficulty of the tests, and could be diverted to be utilized for the scaling of the latter. The result of the patient's actual response for the tests, justified the rank of severity proposed by us to be practically satisfactory.
Tethering Pandalus danae as a Method for Observing Predator Prey Interactions in the San Juan Islands (2012)

Predator prey interactions, specifically predation acts, were observed and recorded to better understand trophic level interactions and community ecology in the San Juan Islands. We looked at predation between Pandalus danae and predators such as Sebastes caurinus and Sebastes malige. Using a tethering method we attached Pandalus danae to frames and deployed them at high and low rockfish concentrated sites in the San Juan Islands. We observed predator prey interactions using a GoPro underwater camera set to time lapse photography which provided us with information on shrimp predators and showed that our method was successful.
Safety assessment of the process Steinbeis PolyVert, based on the Vacunite (EREMA Basic and Polymetrix SSP V‐LeaN) technology, used to recycle post‐consumer PET into food contact materials (2023)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Steinbeis PolyVert (EU register number RECYC280), which uses the VACUNITE (EREMA Basic and Polymetrix SSP V-leaN) technology. The input consists of hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes, mainly originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are pre-decontaminated in a first ■■■■■ ■■■■■ at high ■■■■■ under vacuum before being extruded, pelletised and crystallised. The pellets are then ■■■■■ and submitted to solid-state polycondensation (SSP) in two parallel ■■■■■ reactor lines at high ■■■■■ under ■■■■■ and ■■■■■. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 (■■■■■ reactor) and steps 4 and 5 (■■■■■ and SSP) are critical for determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance are temperature, pressure and residence time for steps 2, 4 and 5 as well as the gas velocity for steps 4 and 5. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. Articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.
Pesticide: Using SMT to Improve Performance of Pointer-Bug Detection (2006)

Pointer bugs associated with dynamically-allocated objects resulting in out-of-bounds memory access are an important class of software bugs. Because such bugs cannot be detected easily via static-checking techniques, dynamic monitoring schemes have been proposed. However, the key challenge with dynamic monitoring schemes is the runtime overhead (slowdowns of the order of lOx are common). Previous approaches have used thread-level speculation (TLS) to reduce the overhead. However, the approaches still incur substantial slowdowns while requiring complex TLS hardware. We make the key observation that because the monitor code and user code are largely and unambiguously independent, TLS hardware with all its complexity to handle speculative parallelism is unnecessary. We explicitly multithread the monitor code in which a thread checks one access and use SMT to exploit the parallelism in the monitor code. Despite multithreading the monitor code on SMT, dynamic monitoring slows down the user thread due to two problems: instruction overhead and insufficient overlap among the monitor threads. To address instruction overhead, we exploit the natural locality in the user thread addresses and memoize recent checks in a small table called the allocation-record-cache (ARC). However, programs making and accessing many small memory allocations cause many ARC misses and incur significant runtime overhead. To address this issue, we make a second key observation that because adjacent memory objects result in ARC entries with contiguous address ranges, the entries can be merged into one by simply merging the ranges into one. This merging increases the effective size of the ARC. Finally, insufficient overlap among monitor threads occurs because of inefficient synchronization to protect the allocation data structure updated by the user thread and read by the monitor threads. We make the third key observation that because monitor-thread reads occur for every check but user-thread writes occur only in allocations and deallocations, monitor reads are much more frequent than user writes. We propose a locking strategy, called biased lock, which puts the locking overhead on the writer away from the readers. We show that starting from a runtime overhead of 414% our scheme reduces this overhead to a respectable 24% running three monitor threads on an SMT using a 256-entry ARC with merging and biased lock.
SI materials and methods from mTORC1-Driven Tumor Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Therapeutic Targeting by Antagonists of Oxidative Stress (2023)

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Diagnosis of Arthritis Using Near-Infrared Fluorochrome Cy5.5 (2004)

NIRF imaging with Cy5.5 can identify arthritic joints in vivo, likely due to nonspecific deposition.
Memory for spatial structure in saccadic targeting (2010)

Previous work on the ability to integrate information across saccadic eye movements suggests that only a small part of the information in the visual scene is retained following the change in eye position. However visual representations must be sufficiently extensive to mediate coordinated movements. This requires some continuity across different fixation positions, to represent the current space and the layout of prominent objects. We examined eye and hand movements in two natural tasks that suggest that some representation of the spatial information in a scene is built up over fixations. When making sandwiches, subjects scan the scene upon the initial exposure, and make a series of fixations on the objects in a scene before the first reaching movement is initiated, as expected if subjects are building a representation of scene layout for later use. We also found that about 30% of the reaches made to pick up objects were preceded by a fixation on that object in the recent past (less than 10 sec). These fixations may indicate that the subject is planning a reach in a coordinate frame independent of eye position. In another experiment, subjects copied a toy model in a virtual environment. We examined saccadic targeting performance to see if subjects took advantage of regularities in the spatial arrangement of the component pieces as suggested by Chun & Nakayama, Visual Cognition (2000). In one condition this arrangement was changed randomly every time the subject looked away from the area. The results showed that about 20% of saccades went either directly to the location of next component to be copied, or to its old location before the change. This supports the idea that the detailed spatial structure of the environment is typically retained across fixations and used to guide eye movements. This ability may be important for movement planning.
Ultrasound cardiography examinations detect victims’ long-term realized and potential consequences after major disasters: a case-control study (2018)

UMIN; ID000029802. R000034050 . 2 November 2017.
All-solid-state diode-pumped eyesafe lasers (1992)

An eyesafe source at 1.61 J.UD with 2.1 % wallplug efficiency, is demonstrated using a Nd:YAG pumped KTP optical parametric oscillator with total peak-power conversion efficiency of 70% and an energy conversion efficiency of 47 % to 1.61 J.UD or 30% to l.54J.UD.
Blasting into the Microworld of Tissue Proteomics: A New Window on Cancer (2004)

At a functional level, cancer is a proteomic disease [(1)][1] . Although DNA is the information archive, proteins do all of the work of the cell. A pathogenetic defect is selected out during somatic genetic progression because the defect ultimately alters the protein network to generate a selective
Obesity Hypertension in Children (2002)

Obesity has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. In national surveys from the 1960s to the 1990s, the prevalence of overweight in children grew from 5% to 11%. Outcomes related to childhood obesity include hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnea, orthopedic problems, and psychosocial problems. Once considered rare, primary hypertension in children has become increasingly common in association with obesity and other risk factors, including a family history of hypertension and an ethnic predisposition to hypertensive disease. Obese children are at approximately a 3-fold higher risk for hypertension than nonobese children. In addition, the risk of hypertension in children increases across the entire range of body mass index (BMI) values and is not defined by a simple threshold effect. As in adults, a combination of factors including overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), insulin resistance, and abnormalities in vascular structure and function may contribute to obesity-related hypertension in children. The benefits of weight loss for blood pressure reduction in children have been demonstrated in both observational and interventional studies. Obesity in childhood should be considered a chronic medical condition that is likely to require long-term management. Ultimately, prevention of obesity and its complications, including hypertension, is the goal.
Nutrition management of acute intermittent porphyria. (1995)

A patient with acute intermittent porphyria is presented to emphasize the relevance of nutrition in its management. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria, simplified heme biosynthetic pathway, the glucose effect, and the rationale for giving nutritional therapy for acute intermittent porphyria are discussed.
Experimental Implementation of the Concept of Neutral Gain Modules in Thin-Disk Lasers embedding intracavity Adaptive Optics (2010)

Within the framework of our concept of neutral gain modules, experimental results of the implementation of thin-disk gain modules as well as intracavity adaptive optics in high-brightness thin-disk laser configurations are presented. This enables a systematic control of the optical neutrality of the gain modules in laser operation mode for optimizing the beam quality.
Spin-dependent Effects in Charge Photogeneration Mechanism in Amorphous Molecular Semiconductors (1998)

Abstract The paper is devoted to the investigation of multiplicity and evolution of multiplicity in the course of life of electron-hole pairs in the films of poly-N-epoxypropylcarbazole, containing the CT-complexes, the compounds with intramolecular charge transfer as the electron-hole pair photogeneration centres. The main results were obtained from the analysis of the effects of external magnetic and electric field influence on photoconductivity.
PP29 Association between Consanguinity and Fasting Blood Glucose in A Saudi Arabian Population (2013)

Background Case control studies have suggested synergism between history of parental consanguinity and risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Genetic components of fasting blood glucose (FBG) have been reported by heritability estimates and genetic association studies. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 102 male healthy subjects were randomly selected from 13 primary health care centres in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Each two subjects were siblings and total number of families was 51. Subjects were interviewed to construct extended pedigrees. Extended pedigrees were used to measure degree of consanguinity by calculating inbreeding coefficients (ICs). Constructed pedigrees included information about family history of type 2 diabetes. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to calculate correlation of FBG between siblings of each family. To account for the effect of environmental covariates such as food intake and physical activities on FBG, electronic-based questionnaires were utilised to calculate average daily calorific and level of physical activity. These questionnaires were based on questionnaires produced by the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC). Additional modifications were applied to make the questionnaires suitable for Saudi Subjects. Results The overall correlation of FBG between siblings was 0.317 (P = 0.04). To examine a possible effect of consanguinity, correlations were calculated in 4 steps each considering a more restricted range of consanguinity. In the first step all families with zero inbreeding coefficients were removed resulting in an increase of FBG correlation (r = 0.419 P = 0.015). Secondly, correlation was restricted to families with ICs larger than 0.04% which resulted in further increase of correlation (r = 0.584 P = 0.003). The third step involved restricting correlation to families with ICs larger than 1.5% which showed similar trend (r = 0.699 P = 0.001). Finally, correlation was calculated in families with ICs larger than 3% (r = 0.711 P = 0.009). The effect of ICs on correlation FBG was adjusted for the difference in age, caloric intake and physical activity between siblings of each family. Conclusion There is an observed trend of increase in correlation of FBG of siblings with increased level of consanguinity. After accounting for the effect of age and environmental variations between siblings, this trend might indicate that there is a strong genetic influence on FBG correlation and this genetic effect is augmented by degree of parental consanguinity.
Payload attribution via hierarchical bloom filters (2004)

Payload attribution is an important problem often encountered in network forensics. Given an excerpt of a payload, finding its source and destination is useful for many security applications such as identifying sources and victims of a worm or virus. Although IP traceback techniques have been proposed in the literature, these techniques cannot help when we do not have the entire packet or when we only have an excerpt of the payload.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Pulmonary Function And Reduces Expiratory Flow Limitation In Asthmatic Individuals. (2008)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon resting pulmonary function and expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in asthmatic individuals. METHODS: Using a matched, double-blind, placebo- controlled design, 16 clinically-diagnosed asthmatics underwent 6 wks of either IMT (n=8) consisting of 30 breaths twice-daily at 50% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or sham-IMT (n=8) consisting of 60 breaths daily at 15% PImax. Before and following intervention, pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function were determined pre- and post- exercise. The percentage of the tidal volume that meets or exceeds the maximum flow volume loop was used as an index of EFL, and was assessed during constant power-output cycle ergometry (@ 70% peak power). RESULTS: Prior to the intervention, all subjects exhibited EFL during the cycle test. There were no significant changes in PImax, pulmonary function, or EFL in response to Sham IMT. In contrast, in response to IMT, PImax, FEV1, FVC, and PIFR increased significantly (p<0.05) by 33%, 3%, 4% and 5%, respectively. These changes were concomitant with a 14% increase (p<0.05) in the total area under the maximum flow volume loop (MFVL). In addition, the area within the inspiratory and expiratory portions of the MFVL increased significantly (p<0.05) by 18% and 9% respectively. EFL was significantly reduced from 26±5% to 17±3% (p<0.05) in the IMT group following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, reduces airway obstruction, and EFL in asthmatic individuals who are 'flow limited.' This finding has clinical significance, since it has previously been shown that EFL reduces exercise tolerance in asthmatic individuals.
New mechanism-based inactivators of trypsin-like proteinases. Selective inactivation of urokinase by functionalized cyclopeptides incorporating a sulfoniomethyl-substituted m-aminobenzoic acid residue (1993)

In order to obtain selective suicide substrates of trypsin-like proteases including plasminogen activators, plasmin, and thrombin, a series of cyclopeptides cyclo[Arg or Lys-aB(CH2X)-Gly4], in which a substituted o- or m-aminobenzoyl group constitutes a latent electrophile, have been prepared. Treatment of the corresponding phenyl ethers cyclo[P1-aB(CH2OC6H5)-Gly4] with HBr/HOAc or R1R2S/TFA gives the bromides (X = Br) or the sulfonium salts (X = +SR1R2 with R1 = R2 = Me or R1 = Me and R2 = C6H5), respectively. These water-soluble cyclopeptides behave as time-dependent inhibitors of bovine trypsin and human urokinase (u-PA) but have no effect on tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and no or poor effect on plasmin and thrombin. The compounds containing a m-aminobenzoic acid residue are more efficient inactivators than their anthranilic analogues. The kinetic criteria expected for a suicide inhibition are met. A mechanism of inhibition involving the formation of a quinonimmonium methide intermediate is proposed. The activity of the inhibitors is very sensitive to the nature of the X benzylic substituent. An increased efficiency for the inactivation of human urokinase is observed with the sulfonium salts. The selectivity of the inactivation of u-PA compared to t-PA could be of therapeutical significance in controlling cell proliferation and invasion.
A Custom IR Scanner for Landmark Detection with the Autonomous Sewer Robot MAKRO (2001)

. MAKRO is an autonomous sewer robot designed for navigating in sewer pipes. In order to find its way to a specified goal manhole, it has to solve the self-localization problem. The sewer environment contains only few features that are usable as landmarks for re-localization, namely inlets, pipe joints and branching pipes. This paper describes how a custom 2D scanner involving infrared distance sensors with high sampling rates can be employed for robust and fast detection of inlets. Up to 150 measurements per second are preprocessed on a microcontroller, detection results are passed to higher level control programs on a faster CPU. The system requires only a brief initial automatic calibration. It is smaller and cheaper than comparable sensors, it is fast and it requires less on-board resources in terms of computing time, energy, and space. 1 The Autonomous Sewer Robot MAKRO MAKRO is a prototype of an autonomous mobile robot platform designed for navigating in inaccessible sewer pipe...
Core evaluation of hydrologic and seismic properties of methane-bearing coals (2003)

In the last 10 years, coalbed methane (CBM) has transformed from a coal-mine hazard to a clean burning source of long term natural gas. The benefit of methane as an energy source in conjunction with vast amounts stored in coal basins has led to the development of an industry that produces CBM. Reducing the emission of green house gases to the atmosphere through carbon dioxide injection into coal has added a dual benefit to the production of CBM, as carbon dioxide may be used to desorb methane from coal seams, sequestering the CO2. CBM is present in coal seams as a product of the coalification process. Methane gas is typically extracted by depressurizing the reservoir by removing water. This allows the gas to desorb from the coal matrix and flow through the cleat structure to a production well. In order to increase CBM production, more information is needed on the migration of methanethrough fractures and cleats. A better understanding of the replacement of methane by carbon dioxide in the coal seam is also needed to further understand this sequestration method. Laboratory experiments are underway to address these questions. Tests on core samples are currently performed under in-situ pressure to gain insight on processes occurring in CBM extraction and carbon dioxide sequestration. We use electrical resistivity and x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning to determine saturation and spatial phase distribution. Flowrate, in conjunction with upstream and downstream pressure measurements, is used to determine sample permeabilty. Additionally, simultaneous measurements of seismic waves are performed to obtain P- and S-wave velocities as well as amplitudes of body waves as a function of methane and carbon dioxide state and saturation in the coal. Initial results will be presented showing the permeability structure of a coal sample, and seismic waveforms obtained during methane production by depressurization and during gaseous and liquid CO2 injection. Mass transfer limitations that may ultimately affect processes and parameter changes, were not observed in the short-duration tests. Technique refinement and additional testing using a variety of coal samples are still needed to provide a larger database of coal behaviors under conditions of interest. The results of laboratory studies on CBM can be used to design field experiments to monitor temporal changes during CBM production.
Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Review of Morphine and Ziconotide as Firstline Options (2018)

Based on the available evidence, morphine and ziconotide are recommended as firstline IT monotherapy for cancer-related and non-cancer-related pain. The choice of first-in-pump therapy should take into consideration patient characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages of each medication.
Field Desorption (1956)

Field desorption of barium, thorium, oxygen, and some other adsorbates is studied in a field emission microscope with reversed polarity as a function of field strength, temperature and degree of coverage. The desorption occurs in the 100, 200, and 500 million volts/cm range, for the three substances, respectively. At the highest fields the tungsten substrate itself evaporates at room temperature. The quantitative interpretation of the measurements suggests that field desorption be considered as an evaporation of ions in which the energy hump is reduced by the Schottky effect.
2-Ethyl 4-methyl 5-amino-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxylate (2003)

To a mixture contaning ethyl acetoacetate (13.02 g, 0.1 mol), methyl cyanoacetate (3.21 g, 0.1 mol) and sulfur (3.21 g, 0.1 mol) in ethanol ( 20 ml), morpholine (10 ml) was added dropwise over a period of 30 minutes at 35°C.[...]