gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Expressionistic Significance of East-Asian Reception in A. D blin and H. Hesse (2004)

필자는 첫 장에서 일반적으로 세계 1차 대전 이후에 처한 비참하고 암울한 시대상황을 극복할 수 있는 유토피아로서 독일 표현주의자들이 어느 정도로 이국적 동양의 세계에 매료되었는지를 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 파악할 수 있었다. 프란츠 베르펠, 죠세프 빈클러, 알프레드 되블린, 되이블러는 전후의 퇴폐한 서양 문화에 대해서 염세주의에 빠져 있었기 때문에 서양의 역사적 전통을 부인하는 경향이 있었다. 그네들은 어두운 시대상황에서 벗어나 하나의 마지막 희망을 가지고 서구의 부조리한 세계를 개혁하고자 하는 강한 의지를 지니고 있었다. 그들은 표현주의적 새로운 인간상과 세계상과 같은 새로운 유토피아를 창조하기 위해서, 서양의 요소보다는 동아시아 주제, 모티브와 사상을 더욱 선호하고 있음이 드러나게 되었다. 두 번째 장에서 필자는 되블린, 헤세의 표현주의와 동아시아와의 관련성을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 얻어낼 수 있었다. 되블린은 표현주의에 지대한 영향을 주었던 니체의 생의 철학에 매우 매료되어 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 되블린은 표현주의의 선구자로서 발덴과 함께 표현주의 전문지 [폭풍 Der Sturm]을 발간할 정도로 표현주의 문학 운동에 적극적인 태도를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 헤세는 전후에 스위스에서 평화주의자로서 사회활동을 적극적으로 가담하고, 전후의 유럽의 위기의식을 깊이 인식하고 있었다. 그리고 그는 표현주의에 대한 정의를 표현주의 전문지인 [신 평론 Die Neue Rundschau]에 인류의 태초를 상기시키며, 무시간적 세계에 대한 우주적 느낌의 소리며 인간과 대자연의 시적인 대화로써 원초적 자연성이라고 지적하고 있는 것은 인간과 자연의 조화와 원초적 시원성의 道의 세계를 추구하는 동양의 도가적 세계관을 연상시키기에 충분하다고 볼 수 있다. 두 작가가 동양 사상에 매료되었던 이유는 전후에 처한 사회적 난관들을 극복하기 위한 참다운 길을 발견하기 위함이었다. 그들은 어둡고 병든 유럽을 개혁하고 자 하는 표현주의적 의지로 동아시아를 수용하고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 세 번째 장에서 필자는 되블린과 헤세 작품에 나타난 동양적 인간상과 표현주의적 인간상 사이에 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 검토한 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론에 이르게 되었다. 되블린의 표현주의적 소설 {왕륭의 세 도약}속에서 주인공 왕륭은 도가적 불교적 면모를, 마노한테서 불교적 면모를, 건륭한테서는 유교적 면모를 찾아 볼 수 있다. 모순에 찬 사회상을 개혁하기 위해서 되블린은 유럽의 전통에서는 발견할 수 없는 이국적 인간상을 제시하고 있다. 이와 같은 동양의 이국적 이미지는 유럽사상으로부터 자유스러워질 수 없는 유럽인들에게 인간의 개혁을 위한 참신한 충격을 던져 주고 있다. 반면에 헤세는 세계대전 이후에 난관에 봉착한 유럽인들에게 그의 후기 작품 {크링조르의 마지막 여름}을 통해서 표현주의적 새로운 인간상으로서 이태백과 두보 같은 중국시인상을 제시하고 있다. 양 작가가 전후 유럽의 부조리한 세계를 개혁하고자하는 강한 의지로써 유럽인들이 그들의 문화전통에서는 찾아 볼 수 없는 이국적 아시아적 인간상을 작품에 부가시키고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 이국적 이미지는 유럽의 문화적 전통에서 자유스러울 수 없는 유럽인들에게 이국적 인간상에 대한 소외의식을 불러일으키는 요인이다. 이러한 아시아적 이미지는 그들로 하여금 참신한 충격을 주어서 기존의 서구적 사고방식으로부터 벗어나 아시아적 새로운 인간으로 거듭날 수 있다는 희망을 제시하는 강력한 표현주의적 기호로 평가할 수 있다고 본다. 결국 몰락하고 있는 유럽을 예감하였던 되블린과 헤세는 하나의 시대 극복의 길로써 유럽인들에게 이국적 아시아적 인간상을 보여 준 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 어느 의미에서 되블린과 헤세의 동아시아 수용은 신화적, 종교적이며 신비적 세계를 추구하였던 일종의 표현주의의 경향과도 그 맥을 같이 하는 것으로 이해할 수도 있다고 본다.
Epidemiology of HIV-associated tuberculosis (2009)

HIV-TB remains a major challenge to global health that requires substantial increases in resource allocation and concerted international action.
Searching for predominant soil bacteria: 16S rDNA cloning versus strain cultivation (1999)

The predominant bacteria in Dutch grassland soils, as identified by direct DNA extraction, PCR amplification of 16S rDNA and subsequent cloning and sequencing, were compared to the most abundant culturable bacteria. The 16S rDNAs of the strains from a comprehensive cultivation campaign were compared to some of the predominant cloned sequences by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Four ribotypes were selected that were found to be abundant in the clone library: two closely related Bacillus-like sequences, a representative from the Verrucomicrobiales cluster and an uncultured member of the Actinobacteria. Using a variety of cultivation approaches a total of 659 pure cultures were isolated. Initially, approximately 8% of all isolates matched any of these ribotypes by same migration speed of their 16S rDNA amplicons on TGGE. However, sequencing analysis of matching isolates indicated that their 16S rDNA sequences were clearly different from the cloned sequences representing the fingerprint bands. Comparing the cultivation approach and the molecular 16S rDNA analysis from the same soil sample, there was no correlation between the collection of cultured strains and the 16S rDNA clone library.
Fast computation of Gaussian likelihoods using low-rank matrix approximations (2011)

Acoustic modeling using mixtures of multivariate Gaussians is the prevalent approach for many speech processing problems. Computing likelihoods against a large set of Gaussians is required as a part of many speech processing systems and it is the computationally dominant phase for LVCSR systems. We express the likelihood computation as a multiplication of matrices representing augmented feature vectors and Gaussian parameters. The computational gain of this approach over traditional methods is by exploiting the structure of these matrices and efficient implementation of their multiplication. In particular, we explore direct low-rank approximation of the Gaussian parameter matrix and indirect derivation of low-rank factors of the Gaussian parameter matrix by optimum approximation of the likelihood matrix. We show that both the methods lead to similar speedups but the latter leads to far lesser impact on the recognition accuracy. Experiments on a 1138 word vocabulary RM1 task using Sphinx 3.7 system show that, for a typical case the matrix multiplication approach leads to overall speedup of 46%. Both the low-rank approximation methods increase the speedup to around 60%, with the former method increasing the word error rate (WER) from 3.2% to 6.6%, while the latter increases the WER from 3.2% to 3.5%.
Test of a 400 km x 600 km Network of Reference Receivers for Precise Kinematic Carrier-Phase Positioning in Norway (1998)

There is currently great interest in using regional area reference
receiver networks (on the order of hundreds of km)
to perform precise ( 10 cm or better) positioning using GPS
carrier-phase measurements. This has been brought about
by the proliferation of existing reference receivers, and an
ever increasing desire for improved accuracy.
In previous work, an algorithm has been developed which
uses a network of reference receivers to significantly increase
the distance over which kinematic carrier-phase ambiguity
resolution can be performed without sacrificing accuracy or increasing the time to resolve the ambiguities.
The NetAdjust method is based upon a least-squares condition
adjustment of the measurements from the network of
reference receivers, and it minimizes the differential error
variances. When using this algorithm, information from
the reference receiver network is “encapsulated” into the
measurements from a single reference receiver, so standard
ambiguity resolution techniques can be used between that
reference receiver and a mobile receiver.
In this paper, the NetAdjust method is applied to a 400
km x 600 km network of eleven reference stations positioned
throughout the southern portion of Norway. Dual
frequency data was collected over a 24 hour period using
combination of Ashtech Z-12 and Trimble 4000 SSi receivers.
(The Trimble receivers are part of the Norwegian
SATREF@ system operated by the Norwegian Mapping
Authority and currently used for code differential GPS positioning
inland and in the waterways around Norway).
Application of the NetAdjust algorithm resulted in significant
reductions in the double difference differential errors
and improved positioning performance. Most importantly,
NetAdjust yielded a significant improvement in the ability
to resolve WL carrier-phase integer ambiguities, and a
modest improvement in the ability to resolve L1 ambiguities.
Results are presented for a number of different network
configurations (involving different combinations of
the 11 reference receivers).
This paper is a demonstration, using real field data, of the
performance that can be expected from the use of a regional
area differential network.
High-Rate and Long-Life Cycle of Nano-LiMn2O4 Under High Cut-Off Potential (2020)

Abstract Nano-LiMn2O4 was successfully synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route with the absence of post-calcination treatment. Employing ethanol as an organic reagent triggers the formation of nanostructured particles approximately 30.39 nm in diameter, associated with 0.007 lattice strain. The pure phase of nano-LiMn2O4/Li displays outstanding electrochemical performances. Under 4.6 V versus Li+/Li cut-off potential, 74.3% of capacity is reserved when C-rate is increased by 50 times, while excellent capacity restoration of 96.9% after cycled again at 1 C. After 331 cycles, a capacity retention of 84.3% is harvested by nano-LiMn2O4/Li, implying the absence of phase transformations in spinel structures under such abuse conditions. This remarkable structural stability can be attributed to the small lattice strain, associated with high Li+ diffusion coefficient, which is estimated to be 10−9.76 cm2 s−1 by the EIS technique. Additionally, Li+ extraction is more favorable when nano-LiMn2O4/Li is charged up to 4.6 V versus Li+/Li, interpreted by the polarization resistance (Rp) of the cell.
Semantic Web Approach to Content Personalization (2007)

Our environment is complex and the amount of information is exceeding any volume being manually manageable by humans. Information needs to be adjusted and personalized to be of avail to each individual user. In this paper, a novel software system is described achieving content personalization with high quality and in an automatic manner. The approach taken for creating new personalized services is based on the synergetic effects through the combination of semantic Web, AI and P2P technologies. Although various research projects examine these technologies, few currently deal with the issues to unify the advantages. Key features are the semantics of RDF metadata and DAML+OIL ontology, applied for enriched description, querying and inference. The learning algorithm ID3, used for revealing user preferences, and Jupiter, a peer-to-peer platform leveraged for mobile semantic applications in a ubiquitous communication environment, were applied. The concept and underlying technical challenges are described and illustrated by a use case, and the details of a prototype implementation are explained.
Ecologie chimique des charançons des palmiers, Rhynchophorus spp. (Coleoptera) (1993)

L'écologie chimique des charançons des palmiers (Rhynchophorus spp.) a été étudiée sur le terrain et au laboratoire afin d'identifier des substances attractives pour les adultes et susceptibles d'améliorer leur piégeage en plantation. Nous avons montré que les adultes de R. palmarum sont attirés par l'odeur émise par les tissus de leurs plantes-hôtes en cours de fermentation. La composition des odeurs émises par 4 matériels végétaux attractifs pour cette espèce a été établie. Une phéromone d'agrégation a été découverte et identifiée chez R. palmarum. Il s'agit d'un composé baptisé rhynchophorol I. Deux autres phéromones d'agrégation ont été identifiées chez les espèces R. phoenicis et R. vulneratus : elles sont nommées respectivement rhynchophorol II et rhynchophorol III. Ces molécules, émises par les mâles, agissent en forte synergie avec les odeurs végétales pour attirer des congénères des 2 sexes. L'usage de rhynchophorols I et II de synthèse (racémiques) permet d'accroître par un facteur de 10 à 20 les captures de R. palmarum et de R. phoenicis respectivement, obtenues par les pièges végétaux traditionnels. La poursuite des études engagées sur les odeurs végétales attractives pour les rhynchophores devraient fournir prochainement des attractifs totalement synthétiques, assurant un piégeage encore plus aisé et efficace de ces ravageurs.
Pre-equalization techniques for MC-CDMA systems with reduced cyclic prefix redundancy (2005)

For an increased bandwidth efficiency, a TDD MC-CDMA system with cyclic prefix inserted every K OFDM symbols is utilized. In this context, to combat inter-carrier and inter-symbol interference along with multiple access interference, new pre-equalization schemes for both downlink and uplink are introduced; for downlink, a multiple transmit antenna configuration is also considered. Results of computer simulations show that the proposed pre-equalization techniques are very effective with respect to other pre or post-equalization solutions and furthermore they can trade performance and bandwidth efficiency against complexity.
Hierarchical Oriented Predictions for Resolution Scalable Lossless and Near-Lossless Compression of CT and MRI Biomedical Images (2012)

We propose a new hierarchical approach to resolution scalable lossless and near-lossless (NLS) compression. It combines the adaptability of DPCM schemes with new hierarchical oriented predictors to provide resolution scalability with better compression performances than the usual hierarchical interpolation predictor or the wavelet transform. Because the proposed hierarchical oriented prediction (HOP) is not really efficient on smooth images, we also introduce new predictors, which are dynamically optimized using a least-square criterion. Lossless compression results, which are obtained on a large-scale medical image database, are more than 4% better on CTs and 9% better on MRIs than resolution scalable JPEG-2000 (J2K) and close to nonscalable CALIC. The HOP algorithm is also well suited for NLS compression, providing an interesting rate-distortion tradeoff compared with JPEG-LS and equivalent or a better PSNR than J2K for a high bit rate on noisy (native) medical images.
FTP serving system modeling and simulation based on ExtendSim (2010)

FTP service is still one of the most important services on campus network.It shares the files with clients through FTP(file transfer protocol).FTP serving system is a stochastic serving system,but its data-transfer-processes interact and serving time is not independent,so conventional queue model M/M/c/N can not describe it precisely.The model built up in this paper overcomes the localization of M/M/c/N queue model,and can express the FTP serving system more precisely.Finally,we obtain the relation between the average call blocking probability(CBP)— the primary parameter of QoS,and system capacity is obtained through simulating analysis of model based on ExtendSim.
Experimental examination of type of tilt measured by DIMM (2011)

"DIMM is one of the most used instrument in site testing. However some aspects of measuring seeing with DIMM still remain unclear, for example what kind of tilt DIMM actually measures - z-tilt or g-tilt? Difference in results for these two options can be as large as 17% in integral and 10% in seeing. Here we suggest a method to ascertain which tilt is actually measured by given instrument and centroiding algorithm."
Asymmetric Reduction of Electron-Rich Ketones with Tethered Ru(II)/TsDPEN Catalysts Using Formic Acid/Triethylamine or Aqueous Sodium Formate (2015)

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones under aqueous conditions using tethered Ru(II)/η(6)-arene/diamine catalysts is described, as is the ATH of electron-rich substrates containing amine and methoxy groups on the aromatic rings. Although such substrates are traditionally challenging ones for ATH, the tethered catalysts work very efficiently. In the case of amino-substituted ketones, aqueous conditions give excellent results; however, for methoxy-substituted substrates, the more established formic acid/triethylamine system gives superior results.
Structural Investigation of Hydrous Titanium Dioxide Precipitates and Their Formation by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (2000)

The mechanisms of formation and structure of precipitates hydrolyzed from aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS was found a powerful method for that purpose. The small colloidal primary particles that were present in the solutions at room temperature started to aggregate when thermal precipitation started. The aggregated particles coalesced until their radius was approximately 1 nm depending of the precipitation conditions to some extent. After that, the aggregation continued producing either mass fractal or surface fractal structures. The structure was mass fractal when primary particle concentration was high enough and surface fractal when concentrations were closer to the equilibrium state. With a delay ionic titanium started to precipitate. Because of its rather slow precipitation rate in the conditions of this study, only surface fractal aggregates were formed. The mass fractal structure was found X-ray amorphous and the surface fractal aggregates nano crystalline. The mass and surface fractal dimensions of these aggregates were 2.2 (1 s ± 0.1) and 2.7 (1 s ± 0.2), respectively. The “titanic acids” were found to be aggregates of small titanium dioxide particles that have mass fractal structure in ortotitanic acid and surface fractal structure in metatitanic acid. The loose structure of the mass fractal aggregates causes the relatively easy solubility and the X-ray amorphous state found in ortotitanic acid. On the contrary, the more compact structure of metatitanic acid explains its nano crystallinity and insolubility. The changing of ortotitanic acid to metatitanic acid upon aging is obviously a consequence of the restructuring of the primary titanium dioxide particles toward the close-packed porous structure.
Identification of Sequence Determinants That Direct Different Intracellular Folding Pathways for Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-4 (2000)

Homologous aquaporin water channels utilize different folding pathways to acquire their transmembrane (TM) topology in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). AQP4 acquires each of its six TM segments via cotranslational translocation events, whereas AQP1 is initially synthesized with four TM segments and subsequently converted into a six membrane-spanning topology. To identify sequence determinants responsible for these pathways, peptide segments from AQP1 and AQP4 were systematically exchanged. Chimeric proteins were then truncated, fused to a C-terminal translocation reporter, and topology was analyzed by protease accessibility. In each chimeric context, TM1 initiated ER targeting and translocation. However, AQP4-TM2 cotranslationally terminated translocation, while AQP1-TM2 failed to terminate translocation and passed into the ER lumen. This difference in stop transfer activity was due to two residues that altered both the length and hydrophobicity of TM2 (Asn(49) and Lys(51) in AQP1 versus Met(48) and Leu(50) in AQP4). A second peptide region was identified within the TM3-4 peptide loop that enabled AQP4-TM3 but not AQP1-TM3 to reinitiate translocation and cotranslationally span the membrane. Based on these findings, it was possible to convert AQP1 into a cotranslational biogenesis mode similar to that of AQP4 by substituting just two peptide regions at the N terminus of TM2 and the C terminus of TM3. Interestingly, each of these substitutions disrupted water channel activity. These data thus establish the structural basis for different AQP folding pathways and provide evidence that variations in cotranslational folding enable polytopic proteins to acquire and/or maintain primary sequence determinants necessary for function.
Flexible and self-powered temperature–pressure dual-parameter sensors using microstructure-frame-supported organic thermoelectric materials (2015)

Skin-like temperature- and pressure-sensing capabilities are essential features for the next generation of artificial intelligent products. Previous studies of e-skin and smart elements have focused on flexible pressure sensors, whereas the simultaneous and sensitive detection of temperature and pressure with a single device remains a challenge. Here we report developing flexible dual-parameter temperature-pressure sensors based on microstructure-frame-supported organic thermoelectric (MFSOTE) materials. The effective transduction of temperature and pressure stimuli into two independent electrical signals permits the instantaneous sensing of temperature and pressure with an accurate temperature resolution of <0.1 K and a high-pressure-sensing sensitivity of up to 28.9 kPa(-1). More importantly, these dual-parameter sensors can be self-powered with outstanding sensing performance. The excellent sensing properties of MFSOTE-based devices, together with their unique advantages of low cost and large-area fabrication, make MFSOTE materials possess promising applications in e-skin and health-monitoring elements.
Heat Shock Alters Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Assembly in Drosophila Cells (1983)

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is normally complexed with a specific set of proteins, forming ribonucleoprotein particles termed hnRNP. These particles are likely to be involved in mRNA processing. We have found that the structure of hnRNP is profoundly altered during the heat shock response in Drosophila cultured cells. Although hnRNA continues to be synthesized at a near-normal rate during heat shock, its assembly into hnRNP is incomplete, as evidenced by a greatly decreased protein content of the particles in Cs2SO4 density gradients. RNA-protein cross-linking conducted in vivo (Mayrand and Pederson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:2208-2212, 1981) also reveals that hnRNA made during heat shock is complexed with greatly reduced amounts of protein. The block of hnRNP assembly occurs immediately upon heat shock, even before the onset of heat shock protein synthesis. Additional experiments reveal that hnRNP assembled normally at 25 degrees C subsequently disassembles during heat shock. The capacity for normal hnRNP assembly is gradually restored after heat-shocked cells are returned to 25 degrees C. Heat-shocked mammalian cells also show a similar block in hnRNP assembly. We suggest that incomplete assembly of hnRNP during heat shock leads to abortive processing of most mRNA precursors and favors the processing or export (or both) of others whose pathway of nuclear maturation is less dependent on, or even independent of, normal hnRNP particle structure. This hypothesis is compatible with a large number of previous observations.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Proliferation of Lung Cells and Prevention by Vitamin C (2011)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer dearth. Cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for developing lung cancer, which is conceivably initiated by proliferation. Here, we show that low concentration of aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (AECS) causes excessive proliferation of human lung epithelial cells (A549) without any apoptotic cell death. The causative factor responsible for AECS-induced proliferation has been identified as p-benzoquinone (p-BQ). Coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot experiments indicate that p-BQ binds with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, in contrast to EGF, it causes aberrant phosphorylation of EGFR that lacks c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and degradation resulting in persistent activation of EGFR. This is followed by activation of Hras + Kras and the downstream survival and proliferative signaling molecules Akt and ERK1/2, as well as the nuclear transcription factors c-Myc and c-Fos. Vitamin C and/or antibody to p-BQ prevents AECS/p-BQ-induced proliferation of lung cells apparently by inactivating p-BQ and thereby preventing activation of EGFR and the downstream signaling molecules. The results suggest that vitamin C and/or antibody to p-BQ may provide a novel intervention for preventing initiation of lung cancer in smokers.
Trastuzumab and docetaxel in a preclinical organotypic breast cancer model using tissue slices from mammary fat pad: Translational relevance (2015)

Oncol Rep 34: [Related article:] 1146–1152, 2015; DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4074 After the publication of the article, the authors decided to add an Acknowledgements section: Acknowledgments Research activity leading to the results shown in the paper is the continuation of the IMI Predect program that received support from the Innovative Medicines initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115188, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. Present results and conclusions are not endorsed by the Predect Consortium.