gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proactive Voltage-Droop-Mitigation System in a 7nm Hexagon™ Processor (2020)

A proactive clock-gating system (PCGS) in a 7nm Qualcomm̅ Hexagon™ digital signal processor (DSP) predicts supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) droops based on microarchitectural events and a power-delivery-network (PDN) model and adapts clock frequency (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLK</sub> ) to reduce the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> droop. Silicon measurements demonstrate 10% higher F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLK</sub> or 5% lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> .
The Dedicated Accelerator RD Facility “SINBAD” at DESY (2018)

We present an overview of the dedicated R&D facility SINBAD which is currently under construction at DESY. The facility will host multiple independent experiments on the acceleration of ultra-short electron bunches and advanced acceleration schemes. In its initial phase, SINBAD will host two experiments: AXSIS and ARES. The AXSIS collaboration aims to accelerate fs-electron bunches to 15 MeV in a THz driven dielectric structure and subsequently create X-rays by inverse Compton scattering. The first stage of the ARES experiment is to set up a 100 MeV S-band electron linac to produce ultra-short electron bunches with excellent beam arrival time stability. Once this is achieved, the electrons will be ideally suited to be injected into experiments for testing advanced accelerator concepts e.g. DLA experiments in the context of the ACHIP collaboration. In the long term, external injection into a laser driven plasma acceleration stage is targeted as well.
From helplessness to controllability: toward a neuroscience of resilience (2023)

"Learned helplessness" refers to debilitating outcomes, such as passivity and increased fear, that follow an uncontrollable adverse event, but do not when that event is controllable. The original explanation argued that when events are uncontrollable the animal learns that outcomes are independent of its behavior, and that this is the active ingredient in producing the effects. Controllable adverse events, in contrast, fail to produce these outcomes because they lack the active uncontrollability element. Recent work on the neural basis of helplessness, however, takes the opposite view. Prolonged exposure to aversive stimulation <i>per se</i> produces the debilitation by potent activation of serotonergic neurons in the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus. Debilitation is prevented with an instrumental controlling response, which activates prefrontal circuitry detecting control and subsequently blunting the dorsal raphe nucleus response. Furthermore, learning control alters the prefrontal response to future adverse events, thereby preventing debilitation and producing long-term resiliency. The general implications of these neuroscience findings may apply to psychological therapy and prevention, in particular by suggesting the importance of cognitions and control, rather than habits of control.
Demonstrative experiment study on the consistency of two-slit interference and diffraction phenomenon (2015)

In the Optics of University Physics, two most important concepts are interference and diffraction, which reflect the wave nature of the light. The corresponding content is relatively abundant, such as Young’s Double-slit Interference, One-slit Diffraction, Grating Diffraction. But they are not easy for undergraduates to comprehend. So in order to show the two phenomenon visually, the related demonstrative experiment equipment are well-developed, but they are independent with each other. The students can accept them separately, but in the same time ignore the connection between them two. Actually, interference and diffraction are consistent in essence from the view of coherent superposition and redistribution of the light intensity. The difference only depends on the specific parameters. The objective of our paper is to analyze the condition for two slits to produce interference and diffraction phenomenon. Also, apply the knowledge of Fourier Optics to analyze the Fresnel diffraction. This would be a good example for the theory of grand unification in physics. Firstly, the intensity distribution is deduced for two-slit interference, one-slit Fraunhofer diffraction, two-slit Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction applying complex-amplitude integration method. In the same time, the simulated experimental results by MATLAB are shown. Secondly, the experimental results are given to verify the analysis. Finally, a new idea is presented to realize an equipment of demonstrative experiment for teaching.
Evaluation of different copper sources as a growth promoter in swine finishing diets (2001)

Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of added copper from copper sulfate or copper chloride on performance of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 2,277 pigs with an initial weight of 71.6 lb were used in a commercial research facility in southwest Minnesota. Adding copper to the diet improved performance during the first two weeks in the finishing barn regardless of copper source or level. The results of these experiments indicate that low levels of copper chloride or copper sulfate (50 to 100 ppm) can be an effective and economical growth promoter when fed for the first two weeks to growing-finishing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 2001
Germ cell‐sertoli cell interactions: Regulation by germ cells of the stage‐specific expression of CP‐2/cathepsin LmRNA by sertoli cells (1995)

CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA is expressed primarily by rat Sertoli cells within stage VI-VIII seminiferous tubules. To test whether germ cells regulated this expression, we examined if separating Sertoli cells from specific germ cells affected expression of this transcript in Sertoli cells. First, Sertoli cells were isolated from adult (90-day-old) and immature (25-day-old) rats and levels of this transcript measured immediately or after 1, 3 and 5 days in culture. Results demonstrated that immediately upon isolation, CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA levels were significantly higher in mature cells. However, after 1 day in culture, the levels of this transcript increased in immature cells and remained high in mature cells. We therefore conclude that in vivo, a subset of germ cells inhibit the expression of CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA by immature Sertoli cells. Second, to examine the effect of specific germ cells on CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA expression, we exposed the testes of mature rats to 3 Gy of gamma-radiation and analyzed stage-specific expression of this transcript at varying times during maturation depletion and subsequent germ cell restoration. Loss of spermatogonia or spermatocytes was without effect. However, when pachytene spermatocytes through step 14 spermatids were depleted, expression at stages VI-VIII was reduced by half and expression at stages IX-I was increased 14-fold. These changes resulted in the loss of stage-specific expression of CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA by Sertoli cells. Finally, stage VI-VIII tubules, depleted primarily in step 15-19 spermatids, had levels of CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA that were 60% of control. However, stage-specific expression of this transcript was detected in these tubules. In contrast to what we noted with CP-2/cathepsin L mRNA, loss and restoration of germ cells had no effect on Sertoli cell levels of SGP-2 mRNA, indicating that testicular irradiation had no overall effect on Sertoli cell function. Taken together, these data suggest that the stage-specific expression of the CP-2/cathepsin L gene results from the sequential stimulation and inhibition of Sertoli cells by germ cells, that pachytene spermatocytes through step 14 spermatids are required for this stage-specific expression and that step 18 and 19 spermatids amplify this expression at stages VI-VIII.
Supplementary Table 1 from VEGF-C and VEGF-D Blockade Inhibits Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 75K, Levels of macrophage- and macrophage polarizationassociated cytokines.&lt;/p&gt;
Machine learning and the Gegenbauer Kernel improve mapping of sub-diffuse optical properties in the spatial frequency domain (2021)

Analyzing Spatial Frequency Domain Images (SFDI) of tissue in the sub-diffuse domain can reveal optical properties (&mu;s’, &gamma;) of the tissue related to its microstructural composition and shows potential for use in image-guided cancer removal. However, the determination of sub-diffuse optical properties is currently too slow for real-time applications. Recent research has demonstrated the real-time determination of these properties from experimental measurements using machine learning models, but the &gamma; range of these models falls short of the full spectrum of &gamma; values seen in biological tissue, limited by the range of the simulated datasets used to train these models. The Gegenbauer Kernel has previously been employed in SFDI simulations and been show to allow for simulations across an expanded &gamma; range. Models trained on these simulations have shown success in simulation. We present a novel method which translates &gamma; into analogous parameters of the Gegenbauer Kernel and uses this kernel to simulate datasets over an expanded range of &gamma; values. We train a machine learning model on these datasets and use it to render sub-diffuse optical property heat maps from experimental data of tissue-simulating phantoms and ex vivo skin surgical samples across a full range of values in real-time. We compare this method against the current non-linear fit method and show a significant increase in speed with comparable accuracy. These findings enable real-time rendering of sub-diffuse SFDI for potential use within an image-guided surgery system.
Protein engineering of the hydrophobic domain of human factor IX (1994)

Vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins contain a highly conserved hydrophobic domain located between the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain and the first epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Here we have used protein engineering of the hydrophobic domain in human factor IX to investigate its function in intact factor IX. Mutant proteins were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. All of our mutants, including one with a deletion of the entire hydrophobic domain, were activated by factor XIa, showing that this domain is not required for factor IX activation. The results with the mutant Phe41-->Val suggest that the hydrophobic domain interacts with the adjacent EGF-like domain. Our data for the Phe41-->Asp mutant is consistent with, but cannot prove, a role for this residue in the maintenance of a phospholipid-binding structure required for factor IX function.
In vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extract of allium scorodoprasum. (2014)

±1.03 mg) and ability to scavenge DPPH radical, as well as total phenolic (36.692 ± 4.475 µg G a/mg of dried bulb extract) and flavonoid content. Total phenolic and flavonoid content assay were correlated with ferric reducing power and “scavenging” radical capacity test, and correlation among them was significant. Our research showed that Allium scorodoprasum can be considered as plant with antioxidant compounds.
An Integrated Model For Radiation Induced Cancer (1994)

Risk estimates for radiation induced cancer are based on epidemiological data, principally the Japanese A bomb survivors. These estimates for radiation are better known than for any other environmental pollutant, but they do not relate directly to exposure to low doses and low dose rates. Recent rapid advances in molecular genetics, coupled with steady gains in cellular biology, radiation physics and chemistry led to the notion that the time may not be far off when it may be possible to arrive at human cancer risk estimates entirely from laboratory data. Whether risk estimates based on laboratory data will ever replace estimates based on epidemiological studies is an open question. What is clear is that laboratory data can supplement the present risk estimates by providing information on the relative effectiveness of high LET radiations, the importance of dose rate and dose protraction, and by identifying subpopulations which are unusually sensitive or resistant to radiation carcinogenesis.
Impaired Growth Rates in Milk of Lactobacillus helveticus Peptidase Mutants Can Be Overcome by Use of Amino Acid Supplements (2003)

To evaluate the contribution of intracellular peptidases to the growth of the 14-amino-acid (aa) auxotroph Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32, single- and multiple-peptidase-deletion mutants were constructed. Two broad-specificity aminopeptidases (PepC and PepN) and X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX) were inactivated through successive cycles of chromosomal gene replacement mutagenesis. The inactivation of all three peptidases in JLS247 ((Delta)pepC (Delta)pepN (Delta)pepX) did not affect the growth rate in amino acid-defined medium. However, the peptidase mutants generally had decreased specific growth rates when acquisition of amino acids required hydrolysis of the proteins in milk, the most significant result being a 73% increase in generation time for JLS247. The growth rate deficiencies in milk were overcome by amino acid supplements with some specificity to each of the peptidase mutants. For example, milk supplementation with Pro resulted in the most significant growth rate increase for (Delta)pepX strains and a 7-aa supplement (Asn, Cys, Ile, Pro, Ser, Thr, and Val) resulted in a JLS247 growth rate indistinguishable from that of the wild type. Our results show that characterization of the activities of the broad-specificity aminopeptidases had little predictive value regarding the amino acid supplements found to enhance the milk growth rates of the peptidase mutant strains. These results represent the first determination of the physiological roles with respect to specific amino acid requirements for peptidase mutants grown in milk.
Progressive Retinal Degeneration Increases Cortical Response Latency of Light Stimulation but Not of Electric Stimulation (2022)

These findings suggest that retinal bioelectronic treatments of retinitis pigmentosa will activate cortex consistently despite variations in outer retinal degeneration. Clinical studies of retinal stimulation should consider varying retinitis pigmentosa genotypes as part of the experimental design.
A large kindred of pulmonary fibrosis associated with a novel ABCA3 gene variant (2014)

We have detected a large kindred with a novel ABCA3 mutation likely causing interstitial lung fibrosis affecting either young and adult family members. We suggest that ABCA3 gene should be considered in genetic testing in the occurrence of familial pulmonary fibrosis.
Object oriented hardware synthesis and verification (2002)

The synthesis of hardware from object oriented specifications is presented. Our approach utilizes the e language that has been proven to be highly efficient for the verification of hardware. The e language is similar to Java and provides additional constructs for specification and verification of hardware. We describe an automated design flow for the synthesis of object oriented descriptions that tightly integrates simulation based verification. The usability of our approach is demonstrated by real-world examples.
Constitutive expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 prevents peptide antigen-induced T cell deletion but does not influence T cell homeostasis after a viral infection (1998)

We examined the CD8+ T cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice doubly transgenic for an LCMV-specific TCR and for either bcl-xL or bcl-2. Clonal down-sizing of the anti-viral CD8+ T cell response and the generation of T cell memory was not influenced by constitutive expression of these anti-apoptotic proteins in T cells. Expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 did, however, prevent LCMV peptide-induced peripheral deletion of mature CD8+ T cells in vivo and apoptosis of activated LCMV-specific effector T cells in vitro. The CD8+ T cells "rescued" by Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 from peptide antigen-induced cell death were anergic and this could not be reversed by addition of IL-2 in vitro or by adoptive transfer into antigen-free recipient mice followed by LCMV infection in vivo. Taken together, we show here that 1) Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 are functionally equivalent in their ability to modulate CD8+ T cell survival in vivo, 2) distinct apoptosis signaling pathways exist in CD8+ T cells, one that can be inhibited by Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL and one that cannot be blocked, and 3) apoptosis of CD8+ effector T cells during the declining phase of an immune response is not prevented by constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2.
“Clickable” Nanoparticles for Targeted Imaging (2006)

Nanomaterials functionalized with targeting ligands are increasingly recognized as useful materials for molecular imaging and drug delivery. Here we describe the development and validation of azide-alkyne reactions ("click chemistry") for the rapid, site-specific modification of nanoparticles with small molecules. The facile preparation of stable nanoparticles bearing azido or alkyne groups capable of reaction with their corresponding counterpart functionalized small molecules is demonstrated. The Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes is shown to be a highly efficient and selective method for point functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles. Derivatized nanoparticles bearing biotin, fluorochrome, or steroid moieties are stable for several months. Nanoparticle click chemistry will be useful for other nanomaterials, design of novel sensors, and drug delivery vehicles.
Land application uses for dry flue gas desulfurization by-products. Executive summary (1999)

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbing technologies create several types of by-products. This project focused primarily on by-product materials obtained from what are commonly called ''dry scrubbers'' which produce a dry, solid material consisting of excess sorbent, reaction product that contains sulfate and sulfite, and coal fly ash. Prior to this project, dry FGD by-products were generally treated as solid wastes and disposed in landfills. However, landfill sites are becoming scarce and tipping fees are constantly increasing; The major objective of this project was to develop beneficial uses, via recycling, capable of providing economic benefits to both the producer and the end user of the FGD by-product. It is equally important, however, that the environmental impacts be carefully assessed so that the new uses developed are not only technically feasible but socially acceptable. Specific objectives developed for this project were derived over an 18-month period during extensive discussions with personnel from industry, regulatory agencies and research institutions. These were stated as follows: Objective 1: To characterize the material generated by dry FGD processes. Objective 2: To demonstrate the utilization of dry FGD by-product as a soil amendment on agricultural lands and on abandoned and active surface coal mines in Ohio. Objective 3: To demonstrate the use of dry FGD by-product as an engineering material for soil stabilization. Objective 4: To determine the quantities of dry FGD by-product that can be utilized in each of these applications. Objective 5. To determine the environmental and economic impacts of utilizing the material. Objective 6. To calibrate environmental, engineering, and economic models that can be used to determine the applicability and costs of utilizing these processes at other sites.
On the performance of cutting fluids for BTA deep-hole machining (1981)

Abstract This work deals with an investigation of the influence of various additives to a base slock cutting oil in order to develop a better oil for deep-hole machining. The investigation has been conducted at the R & D facilities of a major manufacturer for deep-hole boring tools and equipment on the basis of systematic field trials. It has been aiming at developing an oil which gives a maximum cutting efficiency at a minimum wear rate of the tool and the guiding pads. The field trials included deep hole machines of various sizes and makes, which were connected to a central oil-circulating system. The three major types of BTA || tools (solid boring, trepanning and counterboring heads) of various sizes were used. Cut ting edges and guiding pads were exclusively made of carbides of various grades. Materials attempted in the trials ranged from mild carbon steel to high alloy, high-temperature strength, stainless and nitriding steels. A total of four experimental oil charges have been tested and each was broken up into a number of steps varying from five to eight. The fifth charge resulted from the observations on the previous four charges and was prepared for the final field test and eventual recommendation. The investigation was concluded with the recommendation of a new oil composition which subsequently was introduced commercially world-wide. The main advantages of the oil as compared to any other tested composition are that it allows double or triple tool life, no wear of supporting pads, virtually no built-up edges, increased speeds and feed rates, high accuracy and better finish of bore surface. However, a longer period of testing time is required to investigate whether there is any additive depletion in the used oil which would account for a progressive drop in its performance.
Some comparisons between auditory and reading comprehension in aphasic adults (1984)

TBA
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Multiuser MIMO OFDM Uplink Using CAZAC Sequences: Performance and Sequence Optimization (2011)

This paper studies carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation in the uplink of multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Conventional maximum likelihood estimator requires computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of users. To reduce the complexity, we propose a sub-optimal estimation algorithm using constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) training sequences. The complexity of the proposed algorithm increases only linearly with the number of users. In this algorithm, the different CFOs from different users destroy the orthogonality among training sequences and introduce multiple access interference (MAI), which causes an irreducible error floor in the CFO estimation. To reduce the effect of the MAI, we find the CAZAC sequence that maximizes the signal to interference ratio (SIR). The optimal training sequence is dependent on the CFOs of all users, which are unknown. To solve this problem, we propose a new cost function which closely approximates the SIR-based cost function for small CFO values and is independent of the actual CFOs. Computer simulations show that the error floor in the CFO estimation can be significantly reduced by using the optimal sequences found with the new cost function compared to a randomly chosen CAZAC sequence.
Research And Realization Of Train Axle Counting System Based On Fbg (2020)

A train axle counting system with high demodulation frequency achieved by edge filter demodulation technology of a Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)is proposed. The adoption of the edge filter demodulation technology makes the demodulation frequency reach 20kHz, the demodulation accuracy reach ±1.5pm. Install multiple sensing points on a track owned by a railway signal limited liability company to build a system for performance testing. The experimental results show that the system has the ability to count the axles and determine the direction of travel of high-speed trains. The high demodulation frequency and security of this method is suitable for track occupation status monitoring in the track communication signal control field.