gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐Catalyzed, ortho‐Selective Chlorination of Phenols by Sulfuryl Chloride. (2014)

ChemInformVolume 45, Issue 26 Isocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-Catalyzed, ortho-Selective Chlorination of Phenols by Sulfuryl Chloride. Noam I. Saper, Noam I. Saper Dep. Chem., Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA 02454, USASearch for more papers by this authorBarry B. Snider, Barry B. Snider Dep. Chem., Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA 02454, USASearch for more papers by this author Noam I. Saper, Noam I. Saper Dep. Chem., Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA 02454, USASearch for more papers by this authorBarry B. Snider, Barry B. Snider Dep. Chem., Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA 02454, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 June 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201426067Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue26July 1, 2014 RelatedInformation
Fractionation and quantitative differences of glutenin from wheat varieties varying in baking quality (1976)

Properties of glutenin and other wheat proteins that may be responsible for varietal differences in wheat flour performance were investigated. The proteins from several wheat flours differing in mixing time and dough strengths were extracted with a solution of 0.1 N acetic acid, 3 M urea and 0.01 N hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide buffer. After dialysis and lyophilization, the extract was dissolved in 5.5 M guanidine hydrochloride and passed through an agarose gel filtration column. The glutenin protein was separated into 2 fractions: a very high MW fraction eluting at the void volume and some lower MW proteins eluting as a broad peak. The gliadins and water-soluble proteins were eluted in close sequence. Glutenin I and II differed only slightly in amino acid analysis and gel electrophoresis patterns of their subunits. The elution profiles (from the 4% agarose columns) of the extracts from the various wheats differed significantly, especially in the glutenin region. The ratio of glutenin I to glutenin II was generally higher in bread wheat flours exhibiting long mixing times and strong doughs. In accordance with observations by Orth and Bushuk, these flours also contained the highest amount of unextracted protein. Flours of weak dough wheats generally had lesser contents of both glutenin I and unextracted protein. A sufficient total amount of protein, and suitable proportions of the two glutenin fractions and the insoluble fraction are necessary for a good baking flour.
Concept of iterative optimization of minimally invasive surgery (2017)

The interconnection of therapy devices and the associated intelligent usage of available information is a key element for future improvements of medical therapies. Today, the success of an operation is determined by the quality of the therapy devices in connection with the individual knowledge and skills of the surgeon. A novel approach for the automatic, data based enhancement of a modern surgical technique is developed by a research association of clinical, academic and industrial partners. The concept of the project AFluCoMIS is applied to the minimally invasive surgery. The basic idea can be summarized as an increased usage of available data during an intervention. This information can be used to build an assistance system for the clinical staff which supports the surgeon with automatic device configuration, reference value settings and provides monitoring and safety features. A second innovation in the concept is derived from a postoperative correlation analysis between the course of the intervention and the clinical result. Knowledge can be gained from statistical data and improve following interventions. As a result, experience from past interventions is automatically made available to all surgeons by applying the derived parameters to the device. The combination of the surgeon's individual experience and automatically accumulated knowledge improves continuously the conditions for a successful intervention.
Ultrabroadband optical chirp linearization for precision metrology applications (2009)

We demonstrate precise linearization of ultrabroadband laser frequency chirps via a fiber-based self-heterodyne technique to enable extremely high-resolution, frequency-modulated cw laser-radar (LADAR) and a wide range of other metrology applications. Our frequency chirps cover bandwidths up to nearly 5 THz with frequency errors as low as 170 kHz, relative to linearity. We show that this performance enables 31-mum transform-limited LADAR range resolution (FWHM) and 86 nm range precisions over a 1.5 m range baseline. Much longer range baselines are possible but are limited by atmospheric turbulence and fiber dispersion.
A fully integrated 24-GHz eight-element phased-array receiver in silicon (2004)

This paper reports the first fully integrated 24-GHz eight-element phased-array receiver in a SiGe BiCMOS technology. The receiver utilizes a heterodyne topology and the signal combining is performed at an IF of 4.8 GHz. The phase-shifting with 4 bits of resolution is realized at the LO port of the first down-conversion mixer. A ring LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) generates 16 different phases of the LO. An integrated 19.2-GHz frequency synthesizer locks the VCO frequency to a 75-MHz external reference. Each signal path achieves a gain of 43 dB, a noise figure of 7.4 dB, and an IIP3 of -11 dBm. The eight-path array achieves an array gain of 61 dB and a peak-to-null ratio of 20 dB and improves the signal-to-noise ratio at the output by 9 dB.
Manganous heteropolytungstates. Synthesis and heteroatom effects in Wells–Dawson-derived sandwich complexes (2003)

A tetranuclear manganous Wells–Dawson sandwich-type polyoxometalate has been synthesized by the reaction of α-Na12(As2W15O56) with an aqueous solution of MnCl2·4H2O. The structure of this complex, αββα-Na16(MnIIOH2)2MnII2(As2W15O56)2·55H2O (Na1), was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography (a = 14.5230(12) Å, b = 14.7104(13) Å, c = 19.8927(17) Å, α = 84.326(2)°, β = 81.709(2)°, γ = 65.584(2)°, triclinic, R1 = 6.2%, based on 26721 independent reflections) and is similar to the phosphorus analogue, αββα-Na16(MnIIOH2)2MnII2(P2W15O56)2 (Na2). Magnetization studies confirm that both Na1 and Na2 show antiferromagnetic coupling of the four Mn(II) centers. Despite the structural similarities, electrochemical studies reveal that the presence of arsenic shifts the Mn waves to more positive potentials. Catalytic studies confirm that 1 is a significantly better catalyst than 2 for the H2O2-based epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene, cyclohexene, and 1-hexene.
The complex structure and function of Mediator (2017)

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many noncoding RNAs. Whereas many factors contribute to the regulation of pol II activity, the Mediator complex is required for expression of most, if not all, pol II transcripts. Structural characterization of Mediator is challenging due to its large size (∼20 subunits in yeast and 26 subunits in humans) and conformational flexibility. However, recent studies have revealed structural details at higher resolution. Here, we summarize recent findings and place in context with previous results, highlighting regions within Mediator that are important for regulating its structure and function.
Recurrent venous thromboembolism. (2011)

A previous venous thromboembolism is the most important risk factor for predicting recurrence of the condition. Several studies have shown that routine testing for inherited thrombophilias is not helpful in predicting the risk of recurrence or altering treatment decisions, and therefore is not cost-effective. Updated practice guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians shift the focus away from laboratory testing and place stronger emphasis on identifying clinical factors when making treatment decisions. The major determinants for treatment duration are whether the deep venous thrombosis was located in a distal or proximal vein, whether the thrombotic episode was an initial or recurrent event, and whether transient risk factors were present. Persistent elevations on the D-dimer test or the presence of residual thrombosis may provide further information to predict recurrence risk and determine treatment duration. Screening for antiphospholipid syndrome and/or malignancy should be considered in patients presenting with arterial thrombosis, thrombosis at an unusual site, or recurrent pregnancy loss. Patients with venous thromboembolism and a known malignancy should be treated with low-molecular-weight heparin rather than oral anticoagulation as long as the cancer is active. All patients with recurrent, unprovoked venous thromboembolism should be considered for long-term treatment.
Experimental Study on the Function of Submerged Breakwater to Control Cross-Shore Sediment Transport on Artificially Nourished Beaches (1988)

Artificial reefs which consist of submerged breakwaters and artificially nourished beach behind them have been constructed at various coasts in Japan. In this study, the authors focus on hydraulic ...
Increased proteolytic activity of erythrocyte membrane in spur cell anaemia (1988)

In a case of 'spur cell anaemia' (SCA) a reduced esterified/free cholesterol ratio was found in plasma, in LDL and HDL fractions and an increased cholesterol/phospholipid (C/PL) molar ratio in erythrocyte membrane. Cation transport was normal with the exception of Li-Na counter-transport was decreased. An increased intrinsic membrane proteolytic activity (IMPA) was demonstrated by the generalized reduction or, sometimes, disappearance of protein bands on SDS-PAGE in patient ghosts when the proteolysis was allowed. This characteristic was found to be transferable to normal cells by incubation in SCA-plasma; moreover membrane C/PL molar ratio was augmented after incubation. Normal plasma was not able to normalize IMPA of SCA cells 'in vitro', even if it induced a remarkable decrease of membrane C/PL molar ratio. Nevertheless IMPA normalization did occur 'in vivo', when the SCA cells were exposed to therapeutic 'plasma exchange' (3.3 litre/week). The results suggest the following conclusions: (a) in our SCA patient there is an increased IMPA; (b) this feature, as well as membrane lipid alteration, is transferable to normal erythrocytes; (c) this case seems to demonstrate, for the first time in our knowledge, a modulating effect of plasma on IMPA in erythrocytes.
Review of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions (2023)

"Review of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions." Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
Detection of periodic signatures in the solar power spectrum. On the\n track of l=1 gravity modes (2006)

In the present work we show robust indications of the existence of g modes in\nthe Sun using 10 years of GOLF data. The present analysis is based on the\nexploitation of the collective properties of the predicted low-frequency (25 to\n140 microHz) g modes: their asymptotic nature, which implies a quasi\nequidistant separation of their periods for a given angular degree (l). The\nPower Spectrum (PS) of the Power Spectrum Density (PSD), reveals a significant\nstructure indicating the presence of features (peaks) in the PSD with near\nequidistant periods corresponding to l=1 modes in the range n=-4 to n=-26. The\nstudy of its statistical significance of this feature was fully undertaken and\ncomplemented with Monte Carlo simulations. This structure has a confidence\nlevel better than 99.86% not to be due to pure noise. Furthermore, a detailed\nstudy of this structure suggests that the gravity modes have a much more\ncomplex structure than the one initially expected (line-widths, magnetic\nsplittings...). Compared to the latest solar models, the obtained results tend\nto favor a solar core rotating significantly faster than the rest of the\nradiative zone. In the framework of the Phoebus group, we have also applied the\nsame methodology to other helioseismology instruments on board SoHO and ground\nbased networks.\n
S ( D 2 1 ) atomic orbital polarization in the photodissociation of OCS at 193nm: Construction of the complete density matrix (2006)

The absolute velocity-dependent alignment and orientation for S(1D2) atoms from the photodissociation of OCS at 193 nm were measured using the dc slice imaging method. Three main peaks ascribed to specific groups of high rotational levels of CO in the vibrational ground state were found, with rotationally resolved rings in a fourth slow region ascribed to weak signals associated with excited vibrational states of CO. The observed speed-dependent beta and polarization parameters support the interpretation that there are two main dissociation processes: a simultaneous two-surface (A' and A") excitation and the initial single-surface (A') excitation followed by the nonadiabatic crossing to ground state. At 193 nm photodissociation, the nonadiabatic dissociation process is strongly enhanced relative to longer wavelengths. The angle- and speed-dependent S(1D2) density matrix can be constructed including the higher order (K = 3,4) contributions for the circularly polarized dissociation light. This was explicitly done for selected energies and angles. It was found in one case that the density matrix is sensitively affected by the rank 4 terms, suggesting that the higher order contributions should not be overlooked for an accurate picture of the dissociation dynamics in this system.
On the relation between atmospheric visibility and optical wave attenuation (2007)

The knowledge about the relationship between atmospheric visibility and optical wave attenuation in the atmosphere is essential in order to predict the performance of free space optical communication links. In this paper, a study of the available models of visibility -attenuation relation is presented. Visibility and attenuation are measured on an experimental free space optical link with a wavelength of 830 nm. New models are proposed based on the least square fitting of data from this measurement.
Acute effect of antidiabetic 1,4‐dihydropyridine compound cerebrocrast on cardiac function and glucose metabolism in the isolated, perfused normal rat heart (2007)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with abnormalities in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function, evoked by chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Chronic insulin deficiency or resistance is marked by decreases in the intensity of glucose transport, glucose phosphorylation, and glucose oxidation, plus decreases in ATP levels in cardiac myocytes. It is important to search for new agents that promote glucose consumption in the heart and partially inhibit extensive fatty acid beta-oxidation observed in diabetic, ischemia. When the oxygen supply for myocardium is decreased, the heart accumulates potentially toxic intermediates of fatty acid beta-oxidation, that is, long-chain acylcarnitine and long-chain acyl-CoA metabolites. Exogenous glucose and heart glycogen become an important compensatory source of energy. Therefore we studied the effect of the antidiabetic 1,4-dihydropyridine compound cerebrocrast at concentrations from 10(-10) M to 10(-7) M on isolated rat hearts using the method of Langendorff, on physiological parameters and energy metabolism. Cerebrocrast at concentrations from 10(-10) M to 10(-7) M has a negative inotropic effect on the rat heart. It inhibits L-type Ca(2+)channels thereby diminishing the cellular Ca(2+) supply, reducing contractile activity, and oxygen consumption, that normally favors enhanced glucose uptake, metabolism, and production of high-energy phosphates (ATP content) in myocardium. Cerebrocrast decreases heart rate and left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure; at concentrations of 10(-10) M and 10(-9) M it evokes short-term vasodilatation of coronary arteries. Increase of ATP content in the myocytes induced by cerebrocrast has a ubiquitous role. It can preserve the integrity of the cell plasma membranes, maintain normal cellular function, and inhibit release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells that is associated with diabetes and heart ischemia. Administration of cerebrocrast together with insulin shows that both compounds only slightly enhance glucose uptake in myocardium, but significantly normalize the rate of contraction and relaxation ( +/- dp/dt). The effect of insulin on coronary flow is more pronounced by administration of insulin together with cerebrocrast at a concentration of 10(-7) M. Cerebrocrast may promote a shift of glucose consumption from aerobic to anerobic conditions (through the negative inotropic properties), and may be very significant in prevention of cardiac ischemic episodes.
Autonomous robotic palpation of soft tissue using the modulation of applied force (2016)

Palpation or perception of tactile information from soft tissue organs during minimally invasive surgery is required to improve clinical outcomes. One of the methods of palpation includes examination using the modulation of applied force on the localized area. This paper presents a method of soft tissue autonomous palpation based on the mathematical model obtained from human tactile examination data using modulations of palpation force. Using a second order reactive auto-regressive model of applied force, a robotic probe with spherical indenter was controlled to examine silicone tissue phantoms containing artificial nodules. The results show that the autonomous palpation using the model abstracted from human demonstration can be used not only to detect embedded nodules, but also to enhance the stiffness perception compared to the static indentation of the probe.
Antibodies against Polyethylene Glycol Produced in Animals by Immunization with Monomethoxy Polyethylene Glycol Modified Proteins (1983)

Antibodies to polyethylene glycol (PEG) were raised in rabbits by immunization with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol modified ovalbumin (OA), bovine superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ragweed pollen extract (Rag), given in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Immunogenicity depended on the nature of the protein and the degree of modification. With modified OA, in the presence of FCA, the majority of animals showed an anti-PEG response. With modified SOD and Rag only a small proportion of animals responded. In the absence of FCA, modified OA, given s.c., did not elicit any anti-PEG antibody response in rabbits and only a weak response in mice. PEG of MW 10,000 and 100,000 given in FCA was found nonimmunogenic in rabbits, and PEG of MW 5.9 X 10(6), given s.c. to mice, showed no or very poor immunogenic properties. Gel diffusion, heterologous passive anaphylaxis and passive hemagglutination were used to demonstrate anti-PEG antibodies raised to PEG-modified proteins. Specificity was confirmed by hapten inhibition of precipitation, inhibition of passive hemagglutination and cross-reactivity tests. PEG of MW greater than or equal to 4,000 produced specific precipitates, smaller molecules acted as monovalent haptens. From hapten inhibition of precipitation by PEG of MW 300 it appears that the antigenic determinant of PEG may be a sequence of 6-7 -CH2CH2O-units. Anti-PEG antibodies can be used analytically. By gel diffusion, Peg was detected in minimal concentrations of 0.1-1 microgram/ml. The clinical relevance of these findings with regard to therapy with PEG-modified enzymes and allergens in humans remains to be established.
Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk of adult glioma in two prospective studies (2021)

Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) is a common parasite that shows affinity to neural tissue and may lead to the formation of cysts in the brain. Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between glioma and increased prevalence of T gondii infection, but prospective studies are lacking. Therefore, we examined the association between prediagnostic T gondii antibodies and risk of glioma in two prospective cohorts using a nested case-control study design. Cases and matched controls were selected from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPSII-NC) (n = 37 cases and 74 controls) and the Norwegian Cancer Registry's Janus Serum Bank (Janus) (n = 323 cases and 323 controls). Blood samples collected prior to diagnosis were analyzed for antibodies to two T gondii surface antigens (p22 and sag-1), with individuals considered seropositive if antibodies to either antigen were detected. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each cohort. In both cohorts, a suggestive increase in glioma risk was observed among those infected with T gondii (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 0.96-7.62 for CPSII-NC; OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.85-2.07 for Janus), particularly among participants with high antibody titers specific to the sag-1 antigen (CPSII-NC OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99-11.38; Janus OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02-3.14). Our findings provide the first prospective evidence of an association between T gondii infection and risk of glioma. Further studies with larger case numbers are needed to confirm a potential etiologic role for T gondii in glioma.
Inflammation Location, But Not Type, Determines the Increase in TGF-β1 and IGF-1 Expression and Collagen Deposition in IBD Intestine (2001)

These findings suggest that TGF-beta1 and IGF-1 are involved in intestinal ECM remodeling in IBD, and their enhanced expression depends on the presence and location of inflammatory infiltrates rather than the type of IBD.
Effects of nano silica filler size on treeing breakdown lifetime of epoxy nanocomposites (2009)

Effects of nano-filler size, the degree of dispersion and coupling agents on tree breakdown time were investigated on epoxy/silica nanocomposites. As a result, it was found that tree breakdown time is prolonged, as the size of fillers size decreases, the degree of filler dispersion increases and coupling agents are added. Optimum size of nano fillers is obtained to be around 10 nm.
Genetic Diversity of Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) in Iron and Zinc Content as Impacted by Farmers’ Varietal Selection in Northern India (2013)

From the last few years a debate has been continuing over the issue of malnutrition and hunger in the developing countries. The present article investigates the importance of participatory varietal selection in the development of a suitable cultivar of mungbean along with the nutritional content and the agronomic traits of the cultivars selected by farmers in participatory varietal selection. A combination of the conventional survey strategy, participatory varietal selection, molecular markers, and chemical analysis were used to carry out the study, and results revealed that the farmers have the capacity to utilize available genetic resources to manage disease, and they can identify the disease at early stages of plant development. The genetic diversity was studied using 23 inter-simple sequence repeat marker, which shows that the extent of genetic diversity ranges from 65% to 87%, while chemical analysis of selected mungbean cultivars shows a moderate amount of iron (3.9 mg/100 g) and zinc (2.5 mg/100 g).