gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of polysaccharides on biological activity of human lactoferrin (2011)

The influence of neutral and ionic polysaccharides on the antioxidant (AOA) and detoxifying activities of lactoferrin (LF) and the duration of its circulation in the body was studied. In addition to natural polymers, we studied artificial chitosan derivatives with different functional groups. On the basis ofAOA test, five polysaccharides were selected. The study of the detoxifying effect of LF in two models of induced toxicity revealed polysaccharides that maintained or increased the detoxifying activity of LF. We established that the formation of a complex of lactoferrin with two galactomannans and succinyl chitosan caused positive changes in LF properties: the detoxifying activity of the protein remained unchanged or increased, whereas its elimination from the body was decelerated.
3D Visualization of temporal changes in bloggers' activities and interests (2011)

This paper presents a novel system for analyzing temporal changes in bloggers' activities and interests on a topic through a 3D visualization of dependency structures related to the topic. Having a dependency database built from a blog archive, our 3D visualization framework helps users to interactively exploring temporal changes in bloggers' activities and interests related to the topic.
Biopolymer-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering (2016)

Hydrogels hold a macromolecular structure comparable to that of native tissues and thus are very attractive materials for tissue engineering. The authors prepared three-dimensional bioartificial matrices based on methacrylated gelatin and chondroitin sulfate that can be tuned to closely mimic the natural environment of specific cell types – for example, chondrocytes. The authors investigated the hydrogel’s gel yield, swellability, mechanical strength, cytocompatibility, degradation and effect on chondrocyte redifferentiation. Furthermore, porcine chondrocytes were photoencapsulated into hydrogels and cultivated for 21 d. It was found that the methacrylation of chondroitin sulfate is crucial for the generation of stable hydrogels with methacrylated gelatin. Compared to pure gelatin, hybrid hydrogels possessed significantly higher swellability, while the mechanical strength remained constant. The hydrogel properties could be controlled by the mass fraction and the cross-linking density. The hydrogels as well as the cross-linking conditions were proven to render cytocompatible. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chondroitin sulfate promoted a spherical morphology and thus chondrocyte phenotype retention. Thus, it is suggested that chondroitin sulfate is a potential redifferentiating agent of articular chondrocytes. In summary, hydrogels based on both chondroitin sulfate and gelatin hold tunable physical and biological properties and are preferable matrices for cartilage tissue engineering.
ChemInform Abstract: Depsidones from an Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp. Associated with Zanthoxylum leprieurii. (2014)

Abstract Chaetosidone A (I), a new depsidone, is isolated from a culture of Chaetomium sp.
LONG-TERM BONE LOSS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (1999)

1002 BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation could relieve renal osteodystrophy, but continuous bone loss has been observed in the majority of renal transplant recipients. METHOD: We performed a cross sectional study assessed bone mineral density (BMD) of 742 recipients (mean age of 38.0±10.4 years, male/female ratio of 433/299 and 0-7 years after transplantation). We also performed longitudinal evaluation of BDM in 436 recipients with 12 months follow-up after transplantation. Postmenopause women and patients with bone fracture at the time of study were excluded. BMD was measured by using dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Age and sex-matched lumbar Z-score from year 0 to 7 post-transplant were −0.4±1.4, −1.0±1.2, −1.1±1.2, 1.0±1.2, −1.1±1.2, −0.9±1.3, −0.9±1.3, −0.9±1.5, respectively. Femur neck Z-score from year 0 to 7 were −0.4±1.2, −0.7±1.0, −0.5±1.0, −0.4±1.0, −0.6±1.0, −0.5±1.1, −0.6±1.0 and −0.5±1.1, respectively. In longitudinal study, mean reduction of lumbar BMD in male/female from the first year to the seventh year after renal transplantation were −3.8±4.7 / −6.1±2.7, −3.4±1.5 / −2.1±1.4, 1.9±1.4 / −1.2±0.9, 0.9±1.3 / −2.0±1.0, 0.0±0.7 / 2.2±1.3, 0.8±1.4 / −0.5±1.0, −0.3±1.3 / 0.0±1.4, respectively. The reduction of femur neck BMD (male/female, from year 1st to 7th) were −4.7±2.7 / −0.3±2.4, −3.2±1.0 / −2.0±1.6, 1.4±1.2 / −0.3±0.9, −1.2±1.9 / −1.3±1.2, −1.1±0.7 / −2.1±1.4, −1.6±0.9 / −2.1±1.6, 1.9±1.4 / −1.9±1.2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Continuous bone loss was observed after renal transplantation, especially during the first two years after transplantation. Efforts for appropriate prevention and treatment of post-transplant osteoporosis is mandatory.
Diabetes impairs wound healing by Dnmt1-dependent dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cells differentiation towards macrophages (2017)

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a 25-fold higher risk of limb loss than non-diabetics due in large part to impaired wound healing. Here, we show that the impaired wound healing phenotype found in T2D mice is recapitulated in lethally irradiated wild type recipients, whose hematopoiesis is reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from T2D mice, indicating an HSC-autonomous mechanism. This impaired wound healing phenotype of T2D mice is due to a Nox-2-dependent increase in HSC oxidant stress that decreases microRNA let-7d-3p, which, in turn, directly upregulates Dnmt1, leading to the hypermethylation of Notch1, PU.1, and Klf4. This HSC-autonomous mechanism reduces the number of wound macrophages and skews their polarization towards M1 macrophages. These findings reveal a novel inflammatory mechanism by which a metabolic disorder induces an epigenetic mechanism in HSCs, which predetermines the gene expression of terminally differentiated inflammatory cells that controls their number and function.
CARS THAT KNOW WHERE THEY'RE GOING (1989)

The article describes new automobile electronic devices and navigation systems that will help drivers reach their destination faster, avoid traffic jams, and even find a parking space. Presently, on-board computer systems can control the engine, prevent the wheels from locking when braked, and adjust the suspenion when the car is carrying a heavy load or when the road is bad. The next major step will be the addition of navigation computers. Later generations of smart cars will integrate these systems with collision avoidance systems and automatic headway control. The use of proximity beacons and the Electronic Route Guidance System (ERGS) research by the U.S. government is described. Satellite approaches to automobile navigation, and General Motors and Chrysler research in this area are also discussed. Dead reckoning and map matching are described. Navigation systems near the market stage of development are reviewed and include Electro Multivision (Toyota); Etak Navigator used by General Motors; CARIN (developed in the Netherlands); ALI-SCOUT; and MAPIX-III. Government-industry cooperative programs will determine how fast these developments are available.
Reports of the AAAI 2010 Spring Symposia (2010)

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, in cooperation with Stanford University's Department of Computer Science, presented the 2010 Spring Symposium Series Monday through Wednesday, March 22–24, 2010, at Stanford University. The titles of the seven symposia were Artificial Intelligence for Development; Cognitive Shape Processing; Educational Robotics and Beyond: Design and Evaluation; Embedded Reasoning: Intelligence in Embedded Systems; Intelligent Information Privacy Management; It's All in the Timing: Representing and Reasoning about Time in Interactive Behavior; and Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence.
Prognostic significance of lymphocyte-activation gene-3 expression in chemoradiotherapy-naïve esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma (2018)

Background: Neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment has led to an improved survival in patients with resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC). Nevertheless, survival rates remain poor and, hence, there is a great need to identify novel treatment strategies and relevant complementary diagnostics. Immunotherapies targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoints have shown promising results, but simultaneous inhibition of other fundamental checkpoints, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG‐3), may further improve clinical outcome. The expression and prognostic significance of LAG-3 in GEAC has however not yet been described. Herein, we examined the expression of LAG-3 in tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIC) in chemoradiotherapy-naïve GEAC and paired lymph node metastases, with particular reference to its relationship with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, mismatch repair (MMR) status, and survival. Methods: Immunohistochemical LAG-3 expression was analysed in tissue microarrays with 165 primary tumours and 72 paired lymph node metastases from a retrospective consecutive cohort of patients with chemoradiotherapy-naïve resected GEAC. LAG-3 expression was denoted in categories of negative (0), low (1-10) and high (>10). PD-1, PD-L1 expression and MMR status had been previously analysed. Results: The distribution of LAG-3 expression in primary tumours was 55.8% negative, 28.5% low, and 15.8% high. The corresponding figures in lymph node metastases were 48.6% negative, 37.5% low, and 13.9% high. LAG-3 expression did not differ by tumour location. Positive LAG-3 expression in primary tumours was an independent factor for prolonged overall survival in the entire cohort (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.96), and in gastric cancer (HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.17-0.74). LAG-3 expression in primary tumours was significantly associated with PD-L1 expression in both tumour cells and TIC, and with PD-1 expression in TIC, but not with MMR status. Conclusions: LAG-3 is expressed in a considerable proportion of GEAC, with a similar distribution in primary tumours and lymph node metastases. Positive LAG-3 expression is an independent favourable prognostic factor, particularly in gastric cancer. Legal entity responsible for the study: Lund University. Funding: The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Cancer Society, University Hospital Research Grant, Mrs Berta Kamprad Foundation, Swedish Government Grant for Clinical Research (ALF). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Experience with a full notch creep test in determining the stress crack performance of polyethylenes (1998)

Abstract A laboratory method to measure the stress crack resistance of polyethylenes was developed and has since been applied in our laboratory for more than twelve years. The experience gathered since our first paper is herewith reported. The creep rupture test of circumferentially notched specimens cut from plaques or pipes has proven to be a rapid and reliable method to evaluate the stress crack performance. Surfactant‐assisted stress cracking was employed to accelerate testing. The stress crack resistance of several polyethylene samples was studied with respect to its dependence on stress, temperature, and environment. The creep rupture behavior at different temperatures could be superposed by horizontal shifting when the stresses were normalized in proportion to the respective bulk yield stresses. The notch tip radius turned out not to be very crucial, and variation of the nominal concentration of the surfactants, nonylphenolpolyglycolethers, scarcely affected slow crack growth. Acceleration of testing by surfactants equalized property differences to a noticeable extent but did not influence the ranking of the materials. The activation energy of crack growth was in the expected range. Defects introduced into the line by butt joint welding were precisely modeled by the full notch creep test.
Experimental Test of Error-Disturbance Uncertainty Relations by Weak Measurements (2013)

We experimentally test the error-disturbance relations for generalized measurement of photon-polarization by weak measurements. Our results exemplify the violation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation, yet validates Ozawa’s relation.
Bet hedging in desert winter annual plants: optimal germination strategies in a variable environment (2014)

In bet hedging, organisms sacrifice short-term success to reduce the long-term variance in success. Delayed germination is the classic example of bet hedging, in which a fraction of seeds remain dormant as a hedge against the risk of complete reproductive failure. Here, we investigate the adaptive nature of delayed germination as a bet hedging strategy using long-term demographic data on Sonoran Desert winter annual plants. Using stochastic population models, we estimate fitness as a function of delayed germination and identify evolutionarily stable strategies for 12 abundant species in the community. Results indicate that delayed germination meets the criteria as a bet hedging strategy for all species. Density-dependent models, but not density-independent ones, predicted optimal germination strategies that correspond remarkably well with observed patterns. By incorporating naturally occurring variation in seed and seedling dynamics, our results present a rigorous test of bet hedging theory within the relevant environmental context.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Management recommendations in the reduction of perioperative mortality and morbidity Maximizing postoperative benefit Special patient subsets Impact of evolving technology Institutional and operator competence Economic issues Indications Future guidelines
Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 Standard (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Digital Video Compression Standards AVC/H.264 Coding Algorithm References
Акустоэлектронный фазовый демодулятор (2009)

A structural scheme of an acoustoelectronic phase demodulator is designed and described. The topology and features of the main components of the demodulator are discussed. The experimental research results are presented.
MG-133 Development and launch of an expanded pan-ethnic carrier screening panel (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Prenatal carrier screening has traditionally focused on well-defined ethnic groups with an increased chance of being a carrier for specific genetic diseases. However, many people are of mixed ethnicity or cannot accurately identify their full ethnic. With the ability to test for hundreds of diseases at one time, expanded carrier screening panels are an attractive option. <h3>Objectives</h3> To build a comprehensive pan-ethnic carrier screening panel with a rapid turnaround time (TAT). <h3>Design/method</h3> Following literature review, internal research, and physician input, a panel of 281 autosomal recessive and X-linked diseases were selected. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using Agilent’s SureSelect QXT target enrichment approach followed by Illumina HiSeq 2500 Rapid Run mode sequencing. Additional methodologies include MLPA, Asuragen CGG repeat analysis/Southern blotting, and Sequenom/Luminex genotyping assays to assay variants not amenable to NGS. Variant confirmation is performed simultaneously by genotyping, or subsequently by Sanger sequencing. Over 3,700 recurrent pathogenic variants with a well-established relationship to disease phenotype are guaranteed to be sequenced at a depth of &gt; 20X. <h3>Results</h3> 524 validation samples were tested, including positive controls with various mutation types, and both prenatal and postnatal samples covering a variety of specimen types. A minimum average coverage of 240X was achieved, with &gt; 20X coverage of 99% of bases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This panel can be customizable to order, including a high-frequency panel of 10 diseases, a Comprehensive Jewish panel of 96 diseases, and the full 281 gene panel. Automation can handle thousands of samples per month. TAT currently averages 8–10 days.
Dynamic Sketching for Graph Optimization Problems with Applications to Cut-Preserving Sketches (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a new model for sublinear algorithms called \emph{dynamic sketching}. In this model, the underlying data is partitioned into a large \emph{static} part and a small \emph{dynamic} part and the goal is to compute a summary of the static part (i.e, a \emph{sketch}) such that given any \emph{update} for the dynamic part, one can combine it with the sketch to compute a given function. We say that a sketch is \emph{compact} if its size is bounded by a polynomial function of the length of the dynamic data, (essentially) independent of the size of the static part. A graph optimization problem $P$ in this model is defined as follows. The input is a graph $G(V,E)$ and a set $T \subseteq V$ of $k$ terminals; the edges between the terminals are the dynamic part and the other edges in $G$ are the static part. The goal is to summarize the graph $G$ into a compact sketch (of size poly$(k)$) such that given any set $Q$ of edges between the terminals, one can answer the problem $P$ for the graph obtained by inserting all edges in $Q$ to $G$, using only the sketch. We study the fundamental problem of computing a maximum matching and prove tight bounds on the sketch size. In particular, we show that there exists a (compact) dynamic sketch of size $O(k^2)$ for the matching problem and any such sketch has to be of size $Ω(k^2)$. Our sketch for matchings can be further used to derive compact dynamic sketches for other fundamental graph problems involving cuts and connectivities. Interestingly, our sketch for matchings can also be used to give an elementary construction of a \emph{cut-preserving vertex sparsifier} with space $O(kC^2)$ for $k$-terminal graphs; here $C$ is the total capacity of the edges incident on the terminals. Additionally, we give an improved lower bound (in terms of $C$) of $Ω(C/\log{C})$ on size of cut-preserving vertex sparsifiers.
Heat-treatment of off-stoichiometric SmCo&lt;inf&gt;5&lt;/inf&gt;magnets (1974)

Demagnetization loop shapes for off-stoichiometric SmCo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> magnets subjected to heat-treatment between 700°C and 900°C suggest that both domain wall nucleation and trapping mechanisms are operative. Results are interpreted under the assumption that the nucleation sites are peripheral Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</inf> and that the principal trapping sites are Co vacancies generated in hyperstoichiometric, i.e. greater than 33.8 wt% Sm, SmCo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> .
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Aminomethylation of Imines. (2015)

Abstract The title reaction is used for the preparation of 1,2‐diamine units as important structural synthons.
Versatile optical materials: fluorescence, non-linear optical and mesogenic properties of selected 2-pyrazoline derivatives (1998)

A study of the structure-property relationships in a series of 3-(4-n-decyloxyphenyl)-1-(p-X-phenyl)-2-pyrazolines has been performed. By simply changing the substituent in the 1-phenyl ring we were able to tune the physical properties of the compounds. If this ring is non-substituted or substituted with a 4-methoxy, 4-chloro or 4-carboxy group, the pyrazoline compounds are fluorescent. If the ring is 4-nitro- or 2,4-dinitro-substituted, the compounds have interesting second-order non-linear optical properties. The first hyperpolarizability has been measured using the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering technique in solution. The 4-nitro derivative displays liquid crystalline behaviour, showing a monotropic smectic A phase with a partial bilayer structure due to an antiparallel arrangement of molecules as confirmed by X-ray studies in the mesophase.
Rapid Validation of Telepathology by an Academic Neuropathology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Our study demonstrates that accuracy of neuropathologic diagnoses and interpretation of ancillary preparations via WSI are not inferior to those generated via traditional microscopy. This study provides a framework for rapid subspecialty validation and deployment of WSI for diagnostic purposes during a pandemic event.
Etude de la densité de spin de composés magnétiques moléculaires par diffraction de neutrons polarisés (1997)

Au cours de ce travail, nous avons applique la technique de la diffraction de neutrons polarises a l'etude de la densite de spin dans des composes magnetiques moleculaires. Nous avons tout d'abord etudie deux nitronyl nitroxydes presentant une structure en chaine via des liaisons hydrogenes : la densite de spin est majoritairement localisee dans une orbitale antiliante * construite sur les fonctions 2#p des atomes d'azote et d'oxygene des groupes nitroxydes. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en avant le role primordial des liaisons hydrogenes dans le couplage ferromagnetique intermoleculaire, role confirme par des calculs theoriques ab initio (methode de la fonctionnelle de la densite). Nous nous sommes ensuite interesses a un complexe cuivrique d'une enaminocetone nitroxyde. Nous avons pu determiner qu'une dimerisation quasi totale avait lieu a basse temperature entre deux fonctions nitroxydes, de deux molecules differentes, se faisant face et distantes de 3. 40a. Puis, nous presentons l'etude d'un ferroaimant moleculaire (radical nitronyl nitroxyde). La densite de spin est en grande partie concentree sur le fragment oncno du cycle nit dans une orbitale magnetique moleculaire antiliante *, le couplage ferromagnetique intermoleculaire modifiant l'orientation relative des orbitales magnetiques des deux atomes d'oxygene des fonctions -no, rotation s'accompagnant d'une hybridation sp. La derniere etude presentee dans ce manuscrit a trait a un alkyl nitroxyde presentant un ordre ferromagnetique. Nous avons verifie la localisation majoritaire de l'electron non apparie sur le groupe -no et la nature antiliante * de l'orbitale moleculaire magnetique. Les populations individuelles de spin obtenues sur l'ensemble de la molecule, nous ont permis de proposer un mecanisme expliquant les couplages ferromagnetiques intermoleculaires.
A model for long-term environmental sound detection (2008)

Knowledge on primary processing of sound by the human auditory system has tremendously increased. This paper exploits the opportunities this creates for assessing the impact of (unwanted) environmental noise on quality of life of people. In particular the effect of auditory attention in a multisource context is focused on. The typical application envisaged here is characterized by very long term exposure (days) and multiple listeners (thousands) that need to be assessed. Therefore, the proposed model introduces many simplifications. The results obtained show that the approach is nevertheless capable of generating insight in the emergence of annoyance and the appraisal of open area soundscapes.
Advances in treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2016)

Multiple promising agents are available in the treatment of mRCC. The appropriate sequencing of agents in the treatment of mRCC may become further elucidated by future studies that prospectively analyze potential biomarkers to identify patients who will derive the greatest benefit from VEGF, mammalian target of rapamycin, or checkpoint inhibitors.