gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3633: eEF2 in acquired lapatinib resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells (2010)

Abstract Approximately 25% of breast cancers overexpress HER2. Although HER2 targeted therapies, trastuzumab and more recently lapatinib, have improved prognosis for HER2 breast cancer patients not all HER2 positive tumors respond to HER2 targeted therapies. Using phosphoproteomic profiling, we examined mechanisms of resistance in an in vitro model of acquired lapatinib resistance. SKBR3 cells were conditioned in lapatinib containing media (200 nM) for six months, after which time the resulting SKBR3-L cells exhibited significantly reduced growth inhibition (27.7 ± 0.1 %) when treated with lapatinib (1 µM) treatment compared to parental SKBR3 (90.7 ± 0.2 %) (p&amp;lt;0.01). Using phosphoproteomic profiling, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was identified as a phosphoprotein which was significantly altered in the SKBR3-L cells compared to the parental SKBR3 cells. One form of phospho-eEF2 was up-regulated and 6 forms were down-regulated in SKBR3-L compared to SKBR3. eEF2 is a phosphoprotein with an essential role in protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of eEF2 at Thr56 and Thr58 by eEF2 kinase inhibits eEF2 activity. eEF2 kinase activity is regulated by the mTOR pathway, via phosphorylation by p70S6 kinase. To examine the role of eEF2 in lapatinib resistance, levels of phospho-eEF2, eEF2, phospho-p70S6K and p70S6K, were examined in a panel of HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines following 24 hour treatment with lapatinib (1 µM). Treatment with lapatinib resulted in a decrease in phospho-p70S6K and an increase in phospho-eEF2, with no change in the levels of total protein, in lapatinib sensitive cell lines. In order to further examine the role the mTOR pathway and eEF2, plays in acquired resistance to lapatinib, the effect of rapamycin, alone and in combination with lapatinib, was investigated in SKBR3 par and SKBR3-L cells. Combined treatment with lapatinib (200 nM) and rapamycin (2 nM) results in similar inhibition of growth (64.5 ± 3.3 %) in SKBR3-L cells as lapatinib alone in SKBR3 parental cells (62.5 ± 0.6 %). In conclusion, response to lapatinib is associated with decreased eEF2 activity in HER2 positive cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of mTOR signaling, which causes inhibition of eEF2 activity, appears to restore sensitivity to lapatinib in our model of acquired lapatinib resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3633.
Effect of continuous intravenous administration of a 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in dairy cows (2006)

Hypophosphatemia developed in response to hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia in dairy cows administered dextrose via continuous IV infusion. Veterinarians should monitor plasma phosphorus concentration when administering dextrose in this manner, particularly in cows with decreased appetite or preexisting hypophosphatemia.
Gas Separation: A Single‐Molecule Propyne Trap: Highly Efficient Removal of Propyne from Propylene with Anion‐Pillared Ultramicroporous Materials (Adv. Mater. 10/2018) (2018)

By precisely tuning the pore space and the geometric disposition of inorganic anions in a 0.1–0.5 Å scale for the best match of the guest size/shape, Huabin Xing and co-workers report a fascinating trap for single propyne molecules in article number 1705374. This trap enables extremely high propyne uptake under ultralow pressure and record selectivity, affording the efficient removal of trace propyne from propylene.
Amperometric detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid with zeolite-graphite composite microelectrodes (2012)

Natural and synthetic zeolites were used to modify synthetic graphite based composite microelectrodes envisaging their use for simultaneous/selective detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) in aqueous solutions. Both natural and synthetic zeolite-modified synthetic graphite composite microelectrodes (ZN-GEC and SZ-GEC) were obtained in epoxy matrices, and the optimum composition was selected based on the electrochemical behavior. The composite electrodes were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using the classical ferrycianide/ferrocyanide system method, in comparison with bare graphite composite microelectrode (GEC). The electrochemical oxidation of AA occurred at all three microelectrodes and the slowest kinetics was noticed for SZ-GEC, due to the synthetic zeolite presence with certain peculiarities in relation to the selectivity and the catalytic effect, while ZN-GEC and GEC microelectrodes exhibited very good sensitivity for AA detection in aqueous solution. Taking into consideration the fact that DA and AA coexist in real extracellular brain fluid and the fact that SZ-GEC microelectrode did not exhibited a good sensitivity towards AA detection, but a very good sensitivity for DA was obtained, makes this composite material a good www.witpress.com,
Characterization of the cilia and ciliary membrane proteins of wild-type Paramecium tetraurelia and a pawn mutant. (1981)

Cilia and ciliary membranes were isolated from axenically grown, wild-type Paramecium tetraurelia strain 51s and from the extreme pawn mutant strain, d495, derived from this parental strain. Over 60 protein bands having molecular weights of 15 to greater than 300 kdaltons were detected by Coomassie Blue staining of whole cilia proteins separated by one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 30 of these protein bands were visible in Coomassie Blue-stained membrane separations. About 60 bands were detected by silver staining of one-dimensional gels of membrane proteins. Differences between Coomassie Blue-stained separations of wild-type and pawn mutant strain d495 membrane proteins were seen in the quantity of a band present at 43 kdaltons. Radioiodination of cell surface proteins labeled approximately 15 protein bands in both wild-type and mutant cilia. The major axonemal proteins were unlabeled. Six membrane glycoproteins were identified by staining one-dimensional separations with iodinated concanavalin A and lentil lectin, two lectins that specifically bind both glucose and mannose residues. Two major neutral sugar species present in an acid hydrolysate of the cilia preparation were tentatively identified as glucose and mannose by gas chromatography of the alditol acetate derivatives.
Esterification Reaction Utilizing Sense of Smell and Eyesight for Conversion and Catalyst Recovery Monitoring (2014)

The esterification reaction of salicylic acid with ethanol is performed in presence of dissolved 12-tungstophosphoric Brønsted–Lowry acid catalyst, a Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM). The monitoring of the reaction with smell and the recovery of the catalyst with sight is presented. Formation of the sweet-scented ester is apparent from the smell. After the reaction, the dissolved POM catalyst is recovered via encapsulation into a metal–organic framework (MOF) made of copper nitrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC), Cu3(BTC)2 (also called HKUST-1). The encapsulation causes a color change from a greenish liquid to a suspension of blue catalyst-containing particles. The catalyst can be recovered by filtration, dissolved in a new batch of reactants, and reused. The simplicity of this reaction and the accessibility of the catalytic chemistry to human senses, avoiding the need of analytical tools, make this reaction suitable for a classroom demonstration of catalysis for educational purposes.
Cell Adhesion and Migration on Thickness Gradient Bilayer Polymer Brush Surfaces: Effects of Properties of Polymeric Materials of the Underlayer (2022)

In the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials, controlling the surface properties and mechanical properties of scaffold materials is crucial and has attracted much attention. Here, two types of bilayer polymer brushes composed of a hydrophilic underlying layer and a cationic surface layer [made of poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate)] with a thickness gradient were prepared by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. To investigate the influence of the stiffness as a mechanical property of the polymer brush on cell behavior, the underlayer was prepared from either 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine or oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, with the bilayers designated as gradient poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-<i>block</i>-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) [grad-p<b>M</b>bA] and gradient poly(oligo[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate)-<i>block</i>-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) [grad-p<b>EG</b>bA], respectively. Characterization of these surfaces was performed by spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, and determination of the zeta potential, static contact angle, and force curve. These diblock copolymer brushes with a thickness gradient helped to distinguish the effects of the mechanical and surface properties of the brushes on cell behavior. The attachment and motility of L929 fibroblasts and epithelial MCF 10A cells on the fabricated brushes were then assessed. L929 cells had a round shape on the thin surface layer of grad-p<b>M</b>bA and spread well on thicker areas. In contrast, MCF 10A cells spread well in areas of any thickness of either grad-p<b>M</b>bA or grad-p<b>EG</b>bA. Single MCF 10A cells migrated randomly on grad-p<b>M</b>bA, whereas grouped cells started to climb up along the thickness gradient of grad-p<b>M</b>bA. In contrast, both single and grouped MCF 10A cells migrated randomly on grad-p<b>EG</b>bA. These thickness gradient diblock copolymer brushes are simple, reproducible, and reasonable platforms that can facilitate practical applications of biomaterials, for example, in tissue engineering and biomaterials.
Novel Programmable Shape Memory Polystyrene Film: A Thermally Induced Beam-power Splitter (2017)

Micro/nanophotonic structures that are capable of optical wave-front shaping are implemented in optical waveguides and passive optical devices to alter the phase of the light propagating through them. The beam division directions and beam power distribution depend on the design of the micro/nanostructures. The ultimate potential of advanced micro/nanophotonic structures is limited by their structurally rigid, functional singleness and not tunable against external impact. Here, we propose a thermally induced optical beam-power splitter concept based on a shape memory polystyrene film with programmable micropatterns. The smooth film exhibits excellent transparency with a transmittance of 95% in the visible spectrum and optical stability during a continuous heating process up to 90 °C. By patterning double sided shape memory polystyrene film into erasable and switchable micro-groove gratings, the transmission light switches from one designed light divided directions and beam-power distribution to another because of the optical diffraction effect of the shape changing micro gratings during the whole thermal activated recovery process. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate a proof-of-principle of the beam-power splitter. Our results can be adapted to further extend the applications of micro/nanophotonic devices and implement new features in the nanophotonics.
Smart Mask as Wearable for Post-Pandemic Personal Healthcare (2023)

A mask serves as a simple external barrier that protects humans from infectious particles from poor air conditions in the surrounding environment. As an important personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect our respiratory system, masks are able not only to filter pathogens and dust particles but also to sense, reflect or even respond to environmental conditions. This smartness is of particular interest among academia and industries due to its potential in disease detection, health monitoring and caring aspects. In this review, we provide an overlook of the current air filtration strategies used in masks, from structural designs to integrated functional modules that empower the mask's ability to sense and transfer physiological or environmental information to become smart. Specifically, we discussed recent developments in masks designed to detect macroscopic physiological signals from the wearer and mask-based disease diagnoses, such as COVID-19. Further, we propose the concept of next-generation smart masks and the requirements from material selection and function design perspectives that enable masks to interact and play crucial roles in health-caring wearables.
CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE RAT UTERUS FOLLOWING A SINGLE INJECTION OF RELAXIN (1957)

THE effects of estrogen and progesterone on uterine composition have been under investigation for some time (for review and discussion see Reynolds, 1). Whereas relaxin has been shown to inhibit uterine motility in vivo and in vitro (2, 3), to modify the histology and increase dilatability of the uterine cervix (4, 5) and very recently, to increase uterine water content (6), its effects on other aspects of uterine physiology and biochemistry have not been elucidated. The present report concerns the effects of a single low dose of relaxin on uterine glycogen, water and nitrogen in the estrogen primed spayed rat. White rats of an inbred commercial strain (Budd Mountain) were used in all experiments. The rats were spayed when 30–32 days old and estrogen primed two weeks later. A small priming dose of estrogen was found to be necessary for marked relaxin effects.
Principle and validation of modified hysteretic models for magnetorheological dampers (2015)

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers, semi-active actuators for vibration and shock control systems, have attracted increasing attention during the past two decades. However, it is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model for the MR dampers and their control systems due to their intrinsic strong nonlinear hysteretic behavior. A phenomenological model based on the Bouc–Wen model can be used to effectively describe the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of the MR dampers, but the structure of the phenomenological model is complex and the Bouc–Wen model is functionally redundant. In this paper, based on the phenomenological model, (1) a normalized phenomenological model is derived through incorporating a 'normalization' concept, and (2) a restructured model, also incorporating the 'normalization' concept, is proposed and realized. In order to demonstrate this, a multi-islands genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to identify the parameters of the restructured model, the normalized phenomenological model, and the phenomenological model. The performance of the three models for describing and predicting the damping force characteristics of the MR dampers are compared and analyzed using the identified parameters. The research results indicate that, as compared with the phenomenological model and the normalized phenomenological model, (1) the restructured model can not only effectively decrease the number of the model parameters and reduce the complexity of the model, but can also describe the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of MR dampers more accurately, and (2) the meanings of several model parameters of the restructured model are clearer and the initial ranges of the model parameters are more explicit, which is of significance for parameter identification.
A Test of General Ability in Fiji (1939)

* Accepted for publication by L. M. Terman of the Editorial Board, and received in the Editorial Office on July 25, 1938.
High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Separation of Potential Impurities of Altretamine (1991)

Abstract Two isocratic liquid chromatographic separation methods and UV detection were developed to allow for sensitive and specific analysis of potential impurities in Altretamine using a reversed phase C18 column and mixtures of water-acetonitrile as mobile phase. Linear calibration curves for each of the possible contaminants of Altretamine, in the range of 0.25–125 μg/ml, were also obtained. The detection limit for all of the compounds (except cyanuric acid) was less than 0.25 μg/ml. Several Altretamine lots were examined and their impurities identified. Hydrolysis of cyanuric chloride to cyanuric acid was studied and shown to follow 1st order kinetics. Evidence for the formation of chlorohydroxytriazine intermediates during the hydrolysis of cyanuric chloride to cyanuric acid is given.
Multi-objective reinforcement learning for acquiring all Pareto optimal policies simultaneously - Method of determining scalarization weights (2014)

We recently proposed a multi-objective reinforcement learning method for acquiring all Pareto optimal policies simultaneously by introducing the concept of convex hulls into Q-learning method. In this method, state-action value vectors are obtained through learning only once, and then each Pareto optimal policy is derived through scalarizing the obtained state-action value vectors by using a weight vector. The method does not require learning more than once, and finds all the Pareto optimal policies by determining weight vectors adequately and by giving them in scalarizing the obtained state-action value vectors. This paper proposes a method of determining the scalarization weight vectors. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through numerical experiments.
DART: fast application-level networking via data-copy avoidance (1997)

The goal of DART is to effectively deliver high-bandwidth performance to the application, without a change to the operating system call semantics. In looking forward to gigabit-class networks as the next hurdle to conquer, we foresaw a need for an integrated hardware-software project that addressed fundamental memory bandwidth bottleneck issues through a system-level perspective.
Design of coupled power inductors with crossed anisotropy magnetic core for integrated power conversion (2012)

Design and partial microfabrication of a coupled power inductor is presented for use in high power-density integrated voltage regulators (IVR). The proposed inductor uses many laminations of uniaxial, high-permeability magnetic material where the orientation of anisotropy between successive laminations is rotated to provide an effectively isotropic core. The high permeability core allows for an inductance density of 200nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while coupling between phases prevents magnetic saturation and allows a current density as high as 11A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> according to quasi-static finite-element-analysis (FEA) simulations. The coupling factor, inductance and resistance of the device are optimized for operation in a four-phase integrated buck converter switching at 100MHz.
Fission excitation functions. [9. 4 MeV/amu] (1948)

Excitation functions of the reactions U(..cap alpha.., fission), Th(..cap alpha..,fission), U(d,fission), Th(d,fission) were measured by use of alpha particles and deuterons of maximum energies of 37.6 and 18.8 Mev, respectively. This was done using a stacked-foil technique. Recoil fission fragments were collected on aluminum catchers and their beta activities formed a relative measure of the number of fissions occurring during a bombardment. An absolute calibration is described. If no competing processes are assumed, comparison with theory results in effective nuclear radii of 11.0 x 10/sup -13/ cm for the interaction of alpha particles with uranium and 9.9 x 10/sup -13/ cm for the interaction of deuterons with uranium.
Transalkylation of biphenyl over zeolites: Optimizing the reaction conditions and kinetic modeling (1997)

Abstract The shape‐selective transalkylation of biphenyl with pentamethylbenzene over ultrastable Y‐faujasites to produce para ‐methylated biphenyls was studied in the liquid slurry phase. The reaction was carried out in a discontinuously operated stainless steel autoclave using n ‐heptane as the solvent with a temperature range of 513 to 533 K and a pressure of 3 MPa. As for the progress of the reaction the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites was essential, an ultrastable faujasite treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid having a high content of those sites was used as the catalyst. Thus, a yield of the target product 4,4′‐dimethylbiphenyl of above 11% referring to biphenyl could be achieved. The effect of the operating conditions on the formation of the target product was investigated. The decisive influence was acted out by the molar ratio of biphenyl to alkylating agent, in so far as a surplus of pentamethylbenzene of 7:1 referring to biphenyl enhanced the yield of the target product to 14%. The kinetics of the reaction could be successfully descibed with a lumped reaction scheme, introducing pseudo components, summarizing structural isomers, and pseudo reactions, such as the formation of coke.
Identification and localization of bioactive naphthoquinones in the roots and rhizosphere of Paterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum), a noxious invader (2016)

Bioactive plant secondary products are frequently the drivers of complex rhizosphere interactions, including those with other plants, herbivores and microbiota. These chemically diverse molecules typically accumulate in a highly regulated manner in specialized plant tissues and organelles. We studied the production and localization of bioactive naphthoquinones (NQs) in the roots of Echium plantagineum, an invasive endemic weed in Australia. Roots of E. plantagineum produced red-coloured NQs in the periderm of primary and secondary roots, while seedling root hairs exuded NQs in copious quantities. Confocal imaging and microspectrofluorimetry confirmed that bioactive NQs were deposited in the outer layer of periderm cells in mature roots, resulting in red colouration. Intracellular examination revealed that periderm cells contained numerous small red vesicles for storage and intracellular transport of shikonins, followed by subsequent extracellular deposition. Periderm and root hair extracts of field- and phytotron-grown plants were analysed by UHPLC/Q-ToF MS (ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry) and contained more than nine individual NQs, with dimethylacrylshikonin, and phytotoxic shikonin, deoxyshikonin and acetylshikonin predominating. In seedlings, shikonins were first found 48h following germination in the root-hypocotyl junction, as well as in root hair exudates. In contrast, the root cortices of both seedling and mature root tissues were devoid of NQs. SPRE (solid phase root zone extraction) microprobes strategically placed in soil surrounding living E. plantagineum plants successfully extracted significant levels of bioactive shikonins from living roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil surrounding roots. These findings suggest important roles for accumulation of shikonins in the root periderm and subsequent rhizodeposition in plant defence, interference, and invasion success.