gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SLM microscopy: scanless two-photon imaging and photostimulation using spatial light modulators (2008)

Laser microscopy has generally poor temporal resolution, caused by the serial scanning of each pixel. This is a significant problem for imaging or optically manipulating neural circuits, since neuronal activity is fast. To help surmount this limitation, we have developed a "scanless" microscope that does not contain mechanically moving parts. This microscope uses a diffractive spatial light modulator (SLM) to shape an incoming two-photon laser beam into any arbitrary light pattern. This allows the simultaneous imaging or photostimulation of different regions of a sample with three-dimensional precision. To demonstrate the usefulness of this microscope, we perform two-photon uncaging of glutamate to activate dendritic spines and cortical neurons in brain slices. We also use it to carry out fast (60 Hz) two-photon calcium imaging of action potentials in neuronal populations. Thus, SLM microscopy appears to be a powerful tool for imaging and optically manipulating neurons and neuronal circuits. Moreover, the use of SLMs expands the flexibility of laser microscopy, as it can substitute traditional simple fixed lenses with any calculated lens function.
CONCRETE-FILLED TUBULAR COLUMNS: PART 1 — CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS (2004)

A fiber-based approach is adopted to study the cross-sectional behavior of concrete-filled steel tubes subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. Constitutive behavior of the cross-section is formulated by explicitly dividing the section into fibers, and uniaxial stress–strain rules for steel and concrete are defined. Interaction curves, Moment–Thrust–Curvature (M–P–φ) relations and Moment–Thrust–Strain (M–P–ε) relations are developed for circular and box-shaped in-filled sections based on fiber analysis. A fiber model is also developed to describe the nonlinear response of concrete-filled steel tubes subjected to cyclic loading. M–P–φ relations are developed for arbitrary loading histories using this simple yet reliable approach. Results are compared with the numerical and experimental data available in published literature, and the accuracy of the proposed model is thus ascertained.
Utility of a Commercially Available Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay To Detect Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens in Febrile Neutropenia (2009)

Infection is the main treatment-related cause of mortality in cancer patients. Rapid and accurate diagnosis to facilitate specific therapy of febrile neutropenia is therefore urgently warranted. Here, we evaluated a commercial PCR-based kit to detect the DNA of 20 different pathogens (SeptiFast) in the setting of febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. Seven hundred eighty-four serum samples of 119 febrile neutropenic episodes (FNEs) in 70 patients with hematological malignancies were analyzed and compared with clinical, microbiological, and biochemical findings. In the antibiotic-naïve setting, bacteremia was diagnosed in 34 FNEs and 11 of them yielded the same result in the PCR. Seventy-three FNEs were negative in both systems, leading to an overall agreement in 84 of 119 FNEs (71%). During antibiotic therapy, positivity in blood culture occurred only in 3% of cases, but the PCR yielded a positive result in 15% of cases. In six cases the PCR during antibiotic treatment detected a new pathogen repetitively; this was accompanied by a significant rise in procalcitonin levels, suggestive of a true detection of infection. All patients with probable invasive fungal infection (IFI; n = 3) according to the standards of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer had a positive PCR result for Aspergillus fumigatus; in contrast there was only one positive result for Aspergillus fumigatus in an episode without signs and symptoms of IFI. Our results demonstrate that the SeptiFast kit cannot replace blood cultures in the diagnostic workup of FNEs. However, it might be helpful in situations where blood cultures remain negative (e.g., during antimicrobial therapy or in IFI).
5. Diffraction Imaging (2016)

Chapter 5, the final section in this volume, focuses on the separation and imaging of diffractions, starting with pioneering work in the 1970s and proceeding to the current state. The separation process removes the reflection data and retains the lower-energy diffraction data. The imaging process focuses the diffraction energy at the surface locations from which the diffractions originated. Synthetic and real data examples are included. The objective of diffraction imaging is to locate the discontinuities in the subsurface that give rise to diffraction energy. Papers in this section detail a progression of different approaches to this problem.
Chip Multithreading: Opportunities and Challenges (2005)

Chip multi-threaded (CMT) processors provide support for many simultaneous hardware threads of execution in various ways, including simultaneous multithreading (SMT) and chip multiprocessing (CMP). CMT processors are especially suited to server workloads, which generally have high levels of thread-level parallelism (TLP). In this paper, we describe the evolution of CMT chips in industry and highlight the pervasiveness of CMT designs in upcoming general-purpose processors. The CMT design space accommodates a range of designs between the extremes represented by the SMT and CMP designs and a variety of attractive design options are currently unexplored. Though there has been extensive research on utilizing multiple hardware threads to speed up single-threaded applications via speculative parallelization, there are many challenges in designing CMT processors, even when sufficient TLP is present. This paper describes some of these challenges including, hot sets, hot banks, speculative prefetching strategies, request prioritization and off-chip bandwidth reduction.
Transcript profiling of candidate genes in testis of pigs exhibiting large differences in androstenone levels (2010)

A large pig material of highly extreme androstenone levels is investigated. The current study contributes to the knowledge about which genes that is differentially expressed regard to the levels of androstenone in pigs. Results in this paper suggest that several genes are important in the regulation of androstenone level in boars and warrant further evaluation of the above mentioned candidate genes, including analyses in different breeds, identification of causal mutations and possible gene interactions.
Function and Regulation of SPLUNC1 Protein in Mycoplasma Infection and Allergic Inflammation (2007)

Respiratory infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), contribute to asthma pathobiology. To date, the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of asthmatics to airway Mp infection remain unclear. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein is a recently described large airway epithelial cell-derived molecule that was predicted to exert host defense activities. However, SPLUNC1 function and regulation in an infectious or allergic milieu are still unknown. We determined host defense and anti-inflammatory functions of SPLUNC1 protein in Mp infection and the regulation of SPLUNC1 by Mp and allergic inflammation (e.g., IL-13). SPLUNC1 function was examined in Mp or human airway epithelial cell cultures by using SPLUNC1 recombinant protein, overexpression and RNA interference. Human and mouse bronchial epithelial SPLUNC1 was examined using immunostaining, Western blotting, ELISA, laser capture microdissection, and real-time PCR. Mouse models of Mp infection and allergic inflammation and air-liquid interface cultures of normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells were used to study SPLUNC1 regulation by Mp and IL-13. We found that: 1) SPLUNC1 protein decreased Mp levels and inhibited epithelial IL-8 production induced by Mp-derived lipoproteins; 2) normal human and mouse large airway epithelial cells expressed high levels of SPLUNC1; and 3) although Mp infection increased SPLUNC1, IL-13 significantly decreased SPLUNC1 expression and Mp clearance. Our results suggest that SPLUNC1 serves as a novel host defense protein against Mp and that an allergic setting markedly reduces SPLUNC1 expression, which may in part contribute to the persistent nature of bacterial infections in allergic airways.
Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in normal and malignant rat glial cells. (1993)

Certain calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate substrates have been implicated in regulating cellular proliferation. In this study, CaM-dependent phosphorylation has been examined in normal and tumor tissue from rat brain to determine whether differences exist. Using in vitro phosphorylation reactions, we compared endogenous substrates for Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases in rat brain white matter (RBWM), a tissue rich in normal glia, to those of C6 rat glioma cells. A major phosphoprotein having a M(r) of 100,000 was observed in proliferating C6 cells that was not present in RBWM or in nonproliferating cells. Phosphorylation was stimulated by Ca2+ and CaM and inhibited by trifluoperazine. An antibody to elongation factor 2 (EF-2) immunoprecipitated the M(r) 100,000 protein from C6 cells. EF-2 was present in RBWM but was not phosphorylated. Homogenates of RBWM did not phosphorylate exogenous EF-2, which suggested the absence of CaM kinase III activity in normal glial tissue. Furthermore, the addition of purified, exogenous CaM kinase III to homogenates of RBWM resulted in EF-2 phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that a basal level of EF-2 phosphorylation exists in proliferating glioma cells that is markedly diminished or absent in normal glial tissue and is due to the activity of CaM kinase III.
Reconstrução total de faringe: análise de 69 casos (1999)

Os autores analisaram retrospectivamente as reconstruções após faringolaringectomias totais e faringolaringo-esofagectomias totais realizadas num período de 18 anos, com o objetivo de comparar os resultados imediatos e tardios das diversas técnicas empregadas. Foram revistos 69 casos submetidos a reconstruções totais de faringe realizadas no Hospital A.C.Camargo, de 1980 a 1997. Hipofaringe e laringe eram os locais da neoplasia em 57 pacientes (82,6%), o esôfago cervical, em sete (10,1 %), e outras localizações em cinco (7,2%). Em 62,4% dos casos, o tumor encontrava-se em estádio avançado, e em 18,8% os pacientes apresentavam recidivas de tumores previamente tratados. As cirurgias consistiram em faringolaringoesofagectomia total e transposição de tubo gástrico (gastric pull-up) em 14 pacientes (20,3%), e com interposição de cólon em cinco (7,3%); e de faringolaringectomia total com reconstrução a partir da rotação de retalho do músculo peitoral maior tubulizado em 16 pacientes (23,2%), com retalho do músculo peitoral maior suturado à fáscia pre-vertebralis em 29 (42,0%) e com outras reconstruções em cinco (7,2%). Das técnicas de reconstrução em faringolaringoesofagectomia, o gastric pull-up apresentou índices menores de complicações e mortalidade pós-operatória. Quando comparamos as reconstruções em faringolaringectomia total, os casos reconstruídos com retalho miocutâneo suturado à fáscia pre-vertebralis apresentaram índices menores de fístula e estenose. No entanto, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Diante destes resultados, nossa conduta em faringolaringectomias totais, quando não é possível a reconstrução da faringe com sutura primária, é realizar a rotação do retalho do músculo peitoral maior suturado à fáscia pre-vertebralis. Quando é necessária a faringolaringoesofagectomia, realizamos reconstrução com gastric pull-up.
Fas-dependent, activation-induced cell death of gammadelta cells. (2002)

Activated gammadelta T cells undergo apoptosis upon restimulation of their T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex. We demonstrate that in these cells, the activation-induced cell death (AICD) is mediated by Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) interaction. The activated gammadelta T cells are prone to AICD initiated by exposure to mitogens, anti-TCR/CD3 antibodies, as well as specific antigens such as Daudi cells or ethylpyrophosphate (Etpp). Cells that have been activated twice, and consequently more susceptible to AICD than primary cells, display augmented tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with control cells. These studies outline a mechanism that may regulate gammadelta T cell activities in immune responses and limit the expansion of activated T cells repeatedly exposed to antigens.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin: now available, but do we need it? (2008)

Severe alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is the best characterised genetic risk factor for the development of emphysema. AAT has a wide spectrum of antiprotease activity and its primary function is inhibition of neutrophil elastase in the lung. Smokers with this genetic defect develop severe impairment in their fifth to sixth decade of life. Intravenous administration of human AAT is well tolerated and has been shown to increase the levels of AAT in the alveolar lining fluid of individuals with this deficiency. In contrast to the proof of the biochemical effectiveness of augmentation treatment, the favourable clinical effect of AAT on pulmonary function, emphysema progression, morbidity and survival has not been persuasively demonstrated by prospective controlled clinical trials and remains controversial.
Growth Optimization, Strain Compensation and Structure Design of InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattices for Mid-Infrared Imaging (2013)

InAs/GaSb type-II superlattce (T2SL) photodetector structures at the MWIR regime were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth temperature and group-V soaking times were optimized with respect to interface and transport quality. Novel strain compensation schemes with insertion of InSb layers were proposed and tested to be efficient to tune the overall strain between tensile and compressive without degradation of interface and optical quality. The effect of the proposed methods is modeled by analytic functions. Band structure calculations were also carried out for the proposed T2SL structures to assist optimizing sample designs. Single pixel photodiodes with a low dark current were demonstrated.
Alleviating Semantics Distortion in Unsupervised Low-Level Image-to-Image Translation via Structure Consistency Constraint (2022)

Unsupervised image-to-image (I21) translation aims to learn a domain mapping function that can preserve the semantics of the input images without paired data. However, because the underlying semantics distributions in the source and target domains are often mismatched, current distribution matching-based methods may distort the semantics when matching distributions, resulting in the inconsistency between the input and translated images, which is known as the semantics distortion problem. In this paper, we focus on the low-level I21 translation, where the structure of images is highly related to their semantics. To alleviate semantic distortions in such translation tasks without paired supervision, we propose a novel I21 translation constraint, called Structure Consistency Constraint (SCC), to promote the consistency of image structures by reducing the randomness of color transformation in the translation process. To facilitate estimation and maximization of SCC, we propose an approximate representation of mutual information called relative Squared-loss Mutual Information (rSMI) that enjoys efficient analytic solutions. Our SCC can be easily incorporated into most existing translation models. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons on a range of low-level I21 translation tasks show that translation models with SCC outperform the original models by a significant margin with little additional computational and memory costs.
Parallel training of Deep Neural Networks with Natural Gradient and Parameter Averaging (2014)

We describe the neural-network training framework used in the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit, which is geared towards training DNNs with large amounts of training data using multiple GPU-equipped or multicore machines. In order to be as hardwareagnostic as possible, we needed a way to use multiple machines without generating excessive network traffic. Our method is to average the neural network parameters periodically (typically every minute or two), and redistribute the averaged parameters to the machines for further training. Each machine sees different data. By itself, this method does not work very well. However, we have another method, an approximate and efficient implementation of Natural Gradient for Stochastic Gradient Descent (NG-SGD), which seems to allow our periodic-averaging method to work well, as well as substantially improving the convergence of SGD on a single machine.
Photoresponsive Supramolecular Organometallic Nanosheets Induced by PtII⋅⋅⋅PtII and CH⋅⋅⋅π Interactions (2009)

It's a flat world: Charge-neutral pincer-type cyclometalated platinum(II) aryl acetylides can be assembled into quasi-two-dimensional nanosheets through bilateral intermolecular noncovalent interactions (see picture). These nanosheets can be further self-organized into layered materials on a flat substrate and exhibit NIR phosphorescence and light-modulated conductivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reconstituted HDL: Drug Delivery Platform for Overcoming Biological Barriers to Cancer Therapy (2018)

Drug delivery to malignant tumors is limited by several factors, including off-target toxicities and suboptimal benefits to cancer patient. Major research efforts have been directed toward developing novel technologies involving nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these challenges. Major obstacles, however, including, opsonization, transport across cancer cell membranes, multidrug-resistant proteins, and endosomal sequestration of the therapeutic agent continue to limit the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy. Lipoprotein-based drug delivery technology, "nature's drug delivery system," while exhibits highly desirable characteristics, it still needs substantial investment from private/government stakeholders to promote its eventual advance to the bedside. Consequently, this review focuses specifically on the synthetic (reconstituted) high-density lipoprotein rHDL NPs, evaluating their potential to overcome specific biological barriers and the challenges of translation toward clinical utilization and commercialization. This highly robust drug transport system provides site-specific, tumor-selective delivery of anti-cancer agents while reducing harmful off-target effects. Utilizing rHDL NPs for anti-cancer therapeutics and tumor imaging revolutionizes the future strategy for the management of a broad range of cancers and other diseases.
Thermogravimetric Studies of Characteristics and Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Buton Oil Sand (2014)

This work was aimed to study the pyrolysis behaviour and mechanisms of Buton oil sand via both experimentation and kinetic analysis. The non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments of the oil sand and its main organic component, bitumen, were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) operating at various heating rates of 2, 5, 10 and 20Kmin−1 from room temperature to 823 K and in a nitrogen atmosphere. The activation energy of the oil sand pyrolysis was estimated using an integral model-free method based on the TGA experimental data. The results showed that the content of the bitumen in the oil sand was approximately 18% by weight and the pyrolysis process of the bitumen completed at 823 K regardless of the heating rate. The calculated activation energy strongly depended on the degree of pyrolysis conversion (ranging from 100kJmol−1 to 250kJmol−1). Good agreement between the kinetic modelling and experimental data of dependence of conversion degree on temperature was obtained, suggesting that the integral model-free method can serve as an effective tool to predict the pyrolysis behaviour of the oil sand.
Influence of Seawater Treatment Duration on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Banana Trunk Lignocellulosic Fibers (2022)

The revolution towards using lignocellulosic agro-residues as polymer composite reinforcements compels a fresh look at the entire operations from inception to final composite products. Chemical treatment is a frequently reported method that enhances interfacial and fiber-matrix adhesion properties. However, our study utilised seawater treatment for fiber surface modification as an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach compared to the toxic chemical reagents. Banana trunk layers were immersed in seawater for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at ambient conditions before fiber extraction. Our results revealed that the treatment duration affected the extracted fibers’ physico-mechanical properties compared to untreated fibers. Scanning electron microscopy showed significant alterations in fiber surfaces. At optimum treatment duration, we found that treated fiber density increased to 1.31 g/cm 3 , cross-sectional area decreased by 45.6 % and tensile strength increased to 389 Mpa. This research was undertaken to demonstrate the potential of utilizing the abundant non-potable seawater for banana fiber extraction process as a way of lessening use of toxic chemicals and freshwater scarcity in the desert and arid regions.
Progressive fingertip necrosis after nail avulsion injury in a patient with ulnar artery hypoplasia (2017)

In this case report, the authors emphasize that the possibility of anatomical anomaly should be considered as a cause of the ischemia. Vascular imaging should be undertaken to investigate the cause of ischemia of the hand.
Eeg Motor Imagery Dataset From The Phd Thesis "Commande Robuste D'Un Effecteur Par Une Interface Cerveau Machine Eeg Asynchrone" (2012)

This Dataset contains EEG recordings from 8 subjects, performing 2 task of motor imagination (right hand, feet or rest). Data have been recorded at 512Hz with 16 wet electrodes (Fpz, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8) with a g.tec g.USBamp EEG amplifier. File are provided in MNE raw file format. A stimulation channel encoding the timing of the motor imagination. The start of a trial is encoded as 1, then the actual start of the motor imagination is encoded with 2 for imagination of a right hand movement, 3 for imagination of both feet movement and 4 with a rest trial. The duration of each trial is 3 second. There is 20 trial of each class.
Effect of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Inappropriate Medication Prescriptions in Older Adults (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02053194.
Astaxanthin plus berberine: a nutraceutical strategy for replicating the benefits of a metformin/fibrate regimen in metabolic syndrome (2019)

8] Its efficacy with respect to modulating serum lipids, glucose and C reactive protein appears to be superior to that of fish oil. 62 63 The possibility of incorporating astaxanthin into hypolipidaemic nutraceutical regimens incorporating RYR, berberine and other agents was presciently envisioned by Cicero et al over a decade ago.