gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of immunoassays for the detection of botulinum toxins (2012)

Monoparametric immunoassay tests for detecting botulinum toxins types A and B and multiparametric assays for simultaneous detection of botulinum toxins type A and B have been developed. It is shown that the sensitivity of assays is affected by the size of nanoparticles of colloidal gold used as a marker of antibodies, load intensity of antibodies of colloidal gold in conjugates, the type of analytical membranes, as well as the chemical composition of buffer solutions used for the storage of conjugates and immunoassay analysis. The detection limit of monoparametric immunoassay tests is 0.5 ng/ml; that of multiparametric assays, 5.0 ng/ml. The developed immunoassay can be used for rapid assay of product quality, for grade control of botulinum toxins in pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring.
PATHFINDER ATOMIC POWER PLANT FINAL REPORT MOISTURE DE-ENTRAINMENT TESTS IN TWO- AND FOUR-INCH DIAMETER TEST SECTIONS (1959)

Tests are described to determine the amount of entrained moisture occurring in the steam of the Pathfinder Power Plant as design parameters were varied. It was found that the height of the moisture separator and the velocity of the steam should be adjusted so that the permissible steam velocity for the particular height is not exceeded. If this is done, the amount of moisture entering the separator should be less than 1%, an amount of moisture that should not be difficult to remove with moisture separators. (J.R.D.)
Adaptive Differential Space-Time-Spreading-Assisted Turbo-Detected Sphere Packing Modulation (2007)

In this contribution a novel adaptive differential space-time spreading assisted turbo detected sphere packing modulation scheme is proposed for improving the achievable throughput of code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The scheme is capable of accommodating the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation of wireless systems by adapting the system parameters. Explicitly, an adaptive transmission scheme constituted by a novel reconfigurable four transmit antenna aided arrangement using a variable spreading factor based differential space-time spreading scheme, as well as variable code rate recursive systematic convolutional codes is introduced. Our results demonstrate that significant effective throughput improvement can be achieved while maintaining a target bit-error-ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> 4. Explicitly, when assuming an ideal Nyquist filter having a zero excess bandwidth, the system's effective throughput varies from 0.25 bits/sec/Hz to 16 bits/sec/Hz.
Light-particle-complex-fragment coincidence cross sections from intermediate energy nucleus-nucleus collisions (1985)

Light-particle (Z&lt;eq2) inclusive and coincidence spectra have been measured for the reactions 30 MeV/nucleon $^{12}$C+Al and $^{12}$C+Au and 92 MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ar+Au at angles from 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Coincidence triggers for the light-particle spectra were intermediate rapidity fragments (3&lt;eqZ&lt;eq7) at -30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and projectilelike fragments (3&lt;eqZ&lt;eq18) at -13\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The Ar + Au inclusive spectra are compared to hydrodynamics and firestreak model calculations. Nonazimuthally averaged hydrodynamics calculations are compared to the light-particle spectra triggered by projectilelike fragments. A single moving source parametrization is employed throughout to extract the relevant trends in the inclusive and coincidence data. The coincidence spectra are compared with a model based on the moving source model but incorporating momentum conservation to account for kinematical biases. Little difference between inclusive and complex-fragment-triggered coincidence cross sections is observed, indicating that all the fragments have a common source.
IL‐7 effect on immunological reconstitution after HSCT depends on MHC incompatibility (2004)

Considerable progress has been recently accomplished in the management of patients who have undergone haplo-incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in terms of intake and prevention of graft-versus-host disease. Nevertheless haplo-incompatible HSCT is a procedure limited to a small number of patients because of the long-lasting immunodeficiency that is responsible for more than 50% of deaths within the first 3 months. Interleukin (IL)-7, which plays a unique and key role in T-cell development both in the mouse and in the human, is particularly attractive for attempting to speed up T-cell reconstitution. However, controversial results have been obtained after bone marrow graft in murine and primate models. To elucidate the impact of IL-7 treatment, we have performed HSCT in irradiated murine recombination activating gene (RAG) immunodeficient recipients, using donors that exhibited increased major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) incompatibility. Although irradiation performed prior to HSCT lead to a profound defect in the thymic stromal cells responsible for IL-7 production, IL-7 treatment had no significant effect on immune reconstitution in the MHC compatible and partially compatible settings. Interestingly, in the MHC fully incompatible setting in which only one-third of the recipients demonstrated active thymopoiesis, probably because of the rejection of donor cells by host natural killer cells, IL-7 treatment had a beneficial effect on T-cell development.
Polymer Electrolyte Containing Dialkoxyacenes with Oligo(Ethylene Oxide) Side Chains (2006)

Abstract A series of polymers with oligo(ethylene oxide) (OEO) side chains containing aromatic moieties were synthesized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Their potential usage as electrolytes in secondary lithium batteries was investigated. These polymers, while blended with LiClO 4 , formed amorphous phase with discrete glass transition temperatures (T g ). The interaction between ethylene oxide and lithium ions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Evidence showed that the OEO side chains coordinated to lithium ions effectively comparable to that which happens in regular poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes.
Risk-sensitive portfolio optimization with partial information (2002)

There have been several works applying the idea of risk-sensitive control to problems of mathematical finance. In particular, Bielecli and Pliska (1999), which treats risk-sensitive asset management by taking up a factor model, motivates the present paper and we introduce formulation of the factor model and expose the relationships between theirs and the present one.
Immunogenic Cell Death Markers in Liver Cancer (2014)

Primary and secondary liver cancers are still a major medical and social problem due to the often late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Therefore meaningful biomarkers for better diagnosis, therapy stratification, and monitoring are highly needed. Beyond conventional clinical and tumor markers, immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers are promising new candidates. They comprise an inhomogeneous group of molecules that are released from apoptotic or necrotic cells. In blood, these danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are able to exert activating and suppressive effects on the immunity system and promote tumor growth and invasiveness. Here, we review the pathophysiology of primary and secondary liver cancer, the current therapeutic approaches, and the role of immunogenic cell death markers for the development and progression of cancer disease. Further, we report on their relevance as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, estimation of prognosis, as well as the prediction and monitoring of response to cytotoxic therapy in cancer patients.
Multivalent digital documents in UC Berkeley's digital library project (1995)

UC Berkeley's Digital Library Project aims to develop the technologies to incorporate the use of massive, distributed, multimedia repositories into tasks to be performed by groups of users. We call this approach "work-centered digital libraries". To develop this approach, we have been constructing a testbed focused on the California environment. This testbed involves real users from a variety of backgrounds, and a large collection of diverse kinds of data of interest to them, including environmental technical reports, computer models, county general plans, aerial and ground photography, maps, videos and databases about California biota. Our project has broad technical objectives, seeking to incorporate in an advanced database framework better information extraction and access technology, including document recognition, natural language and computer vision techniques, supplemented with advanced user interface and authoring tools. One element of this work is a new, higher functionality model for digital documents.
Four-Component Fusion Protocol with NiO/ZrO2 as a Robust Recyclable Catalyst for Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridines (2019)

Nickel oxide loaded on zirconia (NiO/ZrO<sub>2</sub>) as an expedient catalyst is reported for the synthesis of 18 unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. The Lewis acidic nature of the catalyst proved an excellent choice for the one-pot, four-component fusion reaction with excellent yields of 89-98% and a completion time of 20-45 min. Mechanistic studies show that enamine and imine functionalities are the two possible pathways for the formation of 1,4-dihydropyridines with high selectivity. Crystal structures of two novel compounds (<b>5a</b>, <b>5c</b>) were reported. The catalyst demonstrated reusability up to six cycles. The reaction at room temperature and ethanol as a solvent make this protocol green and economical.
Optimal Power Allocation and Scheduling Under Jamming Attacks (2016)

In this paper, we consider a jammed wireless scenario where a network operator aims to schedule users to maximize network performance while guaranteeing a minimum performance level to each user. We consider the case where no information about the position and the triggering threshold of the jammer is available. We show that the network performance maximization problem can be modeled as a finite-horizon joint power control and user scheduling problem, which is NP-hard. To find the optimal solution of the problem, we exploit dynamic programming techniques. We show that the obtained problem can be decomposed, i.e., the power control problem and the user scheduling problem can be sequentially solved at each slot. We investigate the impact of uncertainty on the achievable performance of the system and we show that such uncertainty leads to the well-known exploration-exploitation tradeoff. Due to the high complexity of the optimal solution, we introduce an approximation algorithm by exploiting state aggregation techniques. We also propose a performance-aware online greedy algorithm to provide a low-complexity sub-optimal solution to the joint power control and user scheduling problem under minimum quality-of-service requirements. The efficiency of both solutions is evaluated through extensive simulations, and our results show that the proposed solutions outperform other traditional scheduling policies.
Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and the Two in Combination for Painful Knee Osteoarthritis (2006)

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate alone or in combination did not reduce pain effectively in the overall group of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Exploratory analyses suggest that the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may be effective in the subgroup of patients with moderate-to-severe knee pain. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00032890.).
Cdc7 kinase complex: A key regulator in the initiation of DNA replication (2002)

DNA replication results from the action of a staged set of highly regulated processes. Among the stages of DNA replication, initiation is the key point at which all the G1 regulatory signals culminate. Cdc7 kinase is the critical regulator for the ultimate firing of the origins of initiation. Cdc7, originally identified in budding yeast and later in higher eukaryotes, forms a complex with a Dbf4-related regulatory subunit to generate an active kinase. Genetic evidence in mammals demonstrates essential roles for Cdc7 in mammalian DNA replication. Mini-chromosome maintenance protein (MCM) is the major physiological target of Cdc7. Genetic studies in yeasts indicate additional roles of Cdc7 in meiosis, checkpoint responses, maintenance of chromosome structures, and repair. The interplay between Cdc7 and Cdk, another kinase essential for the S phase, is also discussed.
The Role of Genetic Toxicology in a Scheme of Systematic Carcinogen Testing (1981)

Progress has been great in recent years in developing means for the evaluation of the hazardous potential of chemicals. A major achievement has been the introduction of in vitro techniques for the rapid identification of mutagenic or carcinogenic potential. However, no single test has been found to be sufficient for detection of all hazardous chemicals and therefore, agreement now exists that a battery of tests is required for toxicological evaluations in mass-screening programs (1-11). Over 100 short-term tests for detecting potential chemical carcinogens and mutagens are available (12) and the critical issue in developing a battery of tests is to formulate appropriate criteria for selecting the best combination of tests. One of the first proposals for the systematic application of short-term tests for the detection of carcinogens and mutagens was that of Bridges (1), in which a three tiered protocol involving submammalian tests, whole mammal tests, and finally, invivo
Alkylation of Estradiol 17beta-Dehydrogenase from Human Placenta with 3-Chloroacetylpyridine - Adenine Dinucleotide (1976)

3-Chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide, which is active as a hydride acceptor (Km = 0.6 mM), inactivates and alkylates estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase. The kinetics of inactivation by 3-chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide and the absence of inactivation by 3-chloroacetylpyridine ribose phosphate show that the alkylation follows the formation of a binary complex (Kd = 4.5 X 10(-4) M). Studies of the labelling by 3-chloro[2-14C]acetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide and the rate of alkylation as a function of pH, give evidence to the alkylation of a cysteine, the stoichiometry being one mole per subunit. The 14C label is distributed between three chymotryptic peptides, one of which accounts for about 50% of the radioactive label.
Crime scene investigation: An exercise in generating and analyzing DNA evidence* (2003)

Abstract The goal of this project is to introduce students to molecular biology techniques using an experimental setting that inspires both scientific and personal interest. The project is designed as a small group apprenticeship for gifted high school juniors or seniors who can spend full time in a sponsor's laboratory for at least 1 week. The students begin by examining evidence from a mock crime scene that consists of hair samples from the crime scene and from five potential suspects. Students extract DNA from the hair samples and amplify a hypervariable region within the mitochondrial genome using the polymerase chain reaction. Amplified products are then sequenced and compared with the crime scene sequence using DNA alignment software. In consecutive projects, students from four different schools successfully identified the suspect who matched the crime scene evidence. This project is a valuable learning tool not only due to the comprehensive introduction to molecular biology techniques but also because it helps the students to connect scientific exploration with well publicized media events and provides a window into potential career opportunities in the field of molecular biology.
Extremum Problems with Total Variation Distance and their Applications (2013)

The aim of this paper is to investigate extremum problems with pay-off being the total variational distance metric defined on the space of probability measures, subject to linear functional constraints on the space of probability measures, and vice-versa; that is, with the roles of total variational metric and linear functional interchanged. Utilizing concepts from signed measures, the extremum probability measures of such problems are obtained in closed form, by identifying the partition of the support set and the mass of these extremum measures on the partition. The results are derived for abstract spaces; specifically, complete separable metric spaces known as Polish spaces, while the high level ideas are also discussed for denumerable spaces endowed with the discrete topology. These extremum problems often arise in many areas, such as, approximating a family of probability distributions by a given probability distribution, maximizing or minimizing entropy subject to total variational distance metric constraints, quantifying uncertainty of probability distributions by total variational distance metric, stochastic minimax control, and in many problems of information, decision theory, and minimax theory.
Electronic properties of p-GaAs deposited on n-Si with pulsed-laser deposition (2008)

By means of nanosecond laser pulses at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, p(Zn)-type GaAs was ablated and deposited on n-type Si. The samples showed rectification and Hall measurements established that the deposited material was p-type, but the active-doping concentration was six orders of magnitude below the target value. Because secondary-ion mass spectroscopy results indicated stoichiometric material transfer, we concluded that most of the Zn atoms do not act as acceptors because of the amorphous film texture. The work further showed indications that pulsed-laser deposition at 355 nm causes enhanced Si diffusion into the deposited film, compared to the ablations done at 532 and 1064 nm.
THP-1 Monocytes Up-Regulate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 in Response to Pneumolysin fromStreptococcus pneumoniae (2005)

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae that elicits a variety of proinflammatory responses from cells of the host immune system. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte trafficking toward inflammatory stimuli in extravascular sites. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PLY on expression of ICAM-1 in THP-1 monocytic cells exposed to S. pneumoniae. Exposure of cells to PLY-expressing S. pneumoniae strain WU2 for 6 h led to significantly higher levels of ICAM-1 message than those in cells exposed to either medium alone or DeltaPLY1, a PLY-negative isogenic mutant of WU2. Cells exposed to purified recombinant PLY also showed a dose-dependent increase in ICAM-1 mRNA compared to cells exposed to medium alone. Exposure to recombinant PLY containing a single amino acid substitution (Trp433-->Phe) that decreases cytolytic activity did not increase ICAM-1 mRNA to levels seen with wild-type PLY. In addition, THP-1 cells exposed to wild-type strain WU2 or D39 had increased ICAM-1 on their surface compared to cells exposed to medium alone or their PLY-negative isogenic mutants DeltaPLY1 and DeltaPLY2, respectively. These data indicate that PLY induces transcription and production of a cell adhesion molecule involved in the inflammatory response that may play a role in pneumococcal infection.
Gaucher disease in Arab patients at an Israeli referral clinic. (2008)

For all genotypes, disease severity among Arab patients was relatively similar to that reported among other Caucasian patients. Apparently Arab ethnicity does not impact phenotypic expression in Gaucher disease in a unique manner. The predilection for type IIIc may be a result of consanguinity.
Compact tissue oximeter based on dual-wavelength multichannel time-resolved reflectance (1999)

We developed a compact dual-wavelength multichannel tissue oximeter based on the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) technique. The light sources are two pulsed diode lasers (output wavelengths of 672 and 818 nm, an average power of 1 mW, a pulse duration of 100 ps, and a pulse-repetition rate as high as 80 MHz). The time-resolved reflectance photons are detected by a multianode photomultiplier, and the output signals are redirected by a router to different memory blocks of the TCSPC personal computer board. The system's accuracy in determining the absorption microa and the reduced-scattering micros' coefficients and in reconstructing absorber concentrations in diffusive media was tested on phantoms. Preliminary in vivo tissue-oxygenation measurements were performed on healthy volunteers under different physiological conditions with a minimum acquisition time of 100 ms and an injected power of less than 100 microW.
Site-Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Glycosides (2023)

Quinuclidine-mediated electrochemical oxidation of glycopyranosides provides C3-ketosaccharides with high selectivity and good yields. The method is a versatile alternative to Pd-catalyzed or photochemical oxidation and is complementary to the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated C6-selective oxidation. Contrary to the electrochemical oxidation of methylene and methine groups, the reaction proceeds without oxygen.
Expression of Wild-type and Mutant p16 in H460 Cell Line. (1998)

Two p16 mutants, P48L and D74N, were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis using two step PCR method. Mutant p16 cDNA and wild-type p16 cDNA were colned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3 to construct p16 expression vector pCMV-p16, pCMV-p16P48L and pCMV-p16D74N, respectively. After the introduction of these expression vectors into human lung cancer cell line H460 in which endogenous p16 gene was homozygously deleted, exogenous p16 expression was detected in G418 resistant cells by Northern blotting and immunocytochemistry staining. The results of immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining showed that the P16 protein was located in the cell cytoplasm. The p16 cDNAs amplificated from the genomic DNA of recombinant H460 cell lines indicated that the plasmid p16 cDNA was integrated into the chromosome of cell lines. That the over expression of wild-type p16 caused G1 arrest suggested the wild-type P16 protein expressed in H460 cell line to be a functional protein.
Hox-Mediated Spatial and Temporal Coding of Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Neoplasia (2016)

Hox genes are fundamental components of embryonic patterning and morphogenesis with expression persisting into adulthood. They are also implicated in the development of diseases, particularly neoplastic transformations. The tight spatio-temporal regulation of Hox genes in concordance with embryonic patterning is an outstanding feature of these genes. In this review we have systematically analyzed Hox functions within the stem/progenitor cell compartments and asked whether their temporo-spatial topography is retained within the stem cell domain throughout development and adulthood. In brief, evidence support involvement of Hox genes at several levels along the stem cell hierarchy, including positional identity, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation. There is also strong evidence to suggest a role for Hox genes during neoplasia. Although fundamental questions are yet to be addressed through more targeted and high- throughput approaches, existing evidence suggests a central role for Hox genes within a continuum along the developmental axes persisting into adult homeostasis and disease.