gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is Depressed Myocyte Contractility Centrally Involved in Heart Failure? (2003)

This review examines the evidence for and against the hypothesis that abnormalities in cardiac contractility initiate the heart failure syndrome and drive its progression. There is substantial evidence that the contractility of failing human hearts is depressed and that abnormalities of basal Ca2+ regulation and adrenergic regulation of Ca2+ signaling are responsible. The cellular and molecular defects that cause depressed myocyte contractility are not well established but seem to culminate in abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake, storage, and release. There are also strong links between Ca2+ regulation, Ca2+ signaling pathways, hypertrophy, and heart failure that need to be more clearly delineated. There is not substantial direct evidence for a causative role for depressed contractility in the initiation and progression of human heart failure, and some studies show that heart failure can occur without depressed myocyte contractility. Stronger support for a causal role for depressed contractility in the initiation of heart failure comes from animal studies where maintaining or improving contractility can prevent heart failure. Recent clinical studies in humans also support the idea that beneficial heart failure treatments, such as beta-adrenergic antagonists, involve improved contractility. Current or previously used heart failure treatments that increase contractility, primarily by increasing cAMP, have generally increased mortality. Novel heart failure therapies that increase or maintain contractility or adrenergic signaling by selectively modulating specific molecules have produced promising results in animal experiments. How to reliably implement these potentially beneficial inotropic therapies in humans without introducing negative side effects is the major unanswered question in this field.
Opsin-free Optogenetics: Brain and Beyond (2022)

The ability to modulate the activity of signaling molecules or enzymes is key to investigating their contributions to molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes. Moving beyond the cellular level to in vivo studies necessitates the tools which become versatile and controllable without producing adverse effects. Opsin-free optogenetic tools have notable advantages given that their activities are controlled by light in a highly spatiotemporal manner. Jung et al. developed a non-invasive optogenetic Flp recombinase for manipulating gene expression in the mouse brain. The tool, consisting of the Lyn-cytosolic Fas domain-Cry2PHR-EGFP, exerted cell death signaling via blue light illumination in cultured HeLa cells. However, distinct signaling mechanisms were observed in hippocampal DG. Kim et al. demonstrated that Fas signaling could be photo-manipulated to promote adult neurogenesis and working memory enhancement in living rodents. The large packaging capacity of LV enables broader applications that require extensive optogenetic tools compared to AAVs.
Polynomial codes (1968)

A class of cyclic codes is introduced by a polynomial approach that is an extension of the Mattson-Solomon method and of the Muller method. This class of codes contains several important classes of codes as subclasses, namely, BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes, generalized primitive Reed-Muller codes, and finite geometry codes. Certain fundamental properties of this class of codes are derived. Some subclasses are shown to be majority-logic decodable.
Synthesis of α-Phenylthioacylmethylene Triphenylarsoranes and their Wittig-type Reactions (1999)

α-Phenylthio acylmethylene triphenylarsoranes, the first stable α-thiyl arsonium ylides, are prepared by phenylsulfenylation–transylidation reaction of the corresponding acylmethylene triphenylarsoranes with phenylsulfenyl chloride; Wittig reactions are carried out under mild reaction conditions on the arsonium ylides to provide α-phenylthio-α,β-unsaturated ketones.
The portrait of liver cancer is shaped by mitochondrial genetics (2022)

Cancer heterogeneity and evolution are not fully understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial DNA of the normal liver shapes tumor progression, histology, and immune environment prior to the acquisition of oncogenic mutation. Using conplastic mice, we show that mtDNA dictates the expression of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR<sup>mt</sup>) in the normal liver. Activation of oncogenic mutations in UPR<sup>mt</sup>-positive liver increases tumor incidence and histological heterogeneity. Further, in a subset of UPR<sup>mt</sup>-positive mice, invasive liver cancers develop. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the normal liver reveals that, in this subset, the PAPP-A/DDR2/SNAIL axis of invasion pre-exists along with elevated collagen. Since PAPP-A promotes immune evasion, we analyzed the immune signature and found that their livers are immunosuppressed. Further, the PAPP-A signature identifies the immune exhausted subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. Our data suggest that mtDNA of normal liver shapes the entire liver cancer portrait upon acquisition of oncogenic mutations.
Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part I – sintering anisotropy (2021)

In Binder Jetting (BJ) Additive Manufacturing (AM), green components are usually subjected to sintering process to reach required properties. Owing to the inherent low green density, binder jetted (BJ) parts undergo shrinkages up to 20%. In addition, anisotropic dimensional evolution during sintering is characteristic for BJ, generally caused by the specifics of the arrangement of particles during the printing process. In this study, the multi-axial dimensional evolution of 316L stainless steel cubic samples (10 × 10 × 10 mm3), manufactured using BJ, was characterised by dilatometry experiments. Dilatometry tests were conducted up to sintering temperatures of 1300°C and 1370°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min and 5°C/min, respectively. Dilatometry results and final dimension measurements showed anisotropic shrinkage behaviour during sintering with about 15% larger shrinkage along the building direction. Shrinkages along the other two orthogonal directions were relatively similar, but a slightly larger final shrinkage along the printhead movement direction was observed. Relative density of 85.0% and 96.4% was obtained after sintering tests at 1300°C and 1370°C, respectively.
A Study of Variables in the Test of Reading Comprehension (2002)

On the basis of a quantitative analysis of the materials and outcomes in the test,the author presents a discussion on the correlation between readability, subject matter, type of test items (as independent variables) and the result of a reading comprehension test (as function).It follows that all subject matters are significantly discriminating, and that different types of test items comprise the dominant factors that lead to the deviation of mean scores. The author argues that, within the reach of the test taker, the influence of readability upon mean scores is not as strong as is shown in the 36 studies done in other countries; a test of reading comprehension with different kinds of subject matters and types of test items can discriminate test takers at different levels.
Novel Codec Structures for Noise Feedback Coding of Speech (2006)

This paper presents several novel codec structures for Noise Feedback Coding (NFC) incorporating both long-term and short-term noise spectral shaping, as well as long-term and short-term prediction. In addition, the paper generalizes the conventional scalar-quantization-based NFC to vector-quantization-based NFC, and it lays the foundation for the associated efficient VQ codebook search and closed-loop VQ codebook design. BroadVoice <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> 16, a Packet Cable 1.5 mandatory narrowband speech codec standardized by Cable Labs <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> for Voice over Cable in North America, is based on one of such novel NFC codec structures.
Impact of dithiol treatment and air annealing on the conductivity, mobility, and hole density in PbS colloidal quantum dot solids (2008)

Crosslinking molecules have recently been combined with colloidal quantum dots to build robust, closely packed, conductive solid-state devices. Ethanedithiol (EDT) has been used in PbS quantum dot photovoltaic devices to assist in film formation during fabrication. However, there is evidence that EDT influences the electronic properties of the colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films. We fabricate thin film field-effect transistors and find that EDT treatment increases the majority carrier mobility by a factor of 10. We attribute this increase to a reduction in interparticle spacing which we observe using transmission electron microscopy. However, this increase is accompanied by a decrease in the majority carrier concentration. Using x-ray photoelectron microscopy, we find that EDT reduces the extent of the surface oxidation which is acting as a p-type dopant in these materials. We find that by lightly reoxidizing, we can redope the CQD films and can do so without sacrificing mobility gains.
Heeding Woolf’s Great Teacher: Uncovering and Defusing an Education in “Unreal Loyalties” (2012)

In her 1938 epistolary novel and educational treatise, Three Guineas, Virginia Woolf discusses “freedom from unreal loyalties” as key to educating for peace rather than for war, as was the concern in Woolf’s time and remarkably remains of serious concern seventy-odd years later. This essay analyzes how modern-day, post-9/11 U.S. public education is influenced by a whole range of unreal loyalties and, in fact, how we as educators reify and reinscribe these. The argument uses Woolf’s text as a theoretical frame to analyze select aspects of U.S. public education, concluding with an exploration of the meaning and value of giving up, moreover, defusing, incendiary unreal loyalties present within the U.S. school curricula.
Vortex state and effect of anisotropy in sub-100-nm magnetic nanodots (2006)

Magnetic properties of Fe nanodots are simulated using a scaling technique and Monte Carlo method, in good agreement with experimental results. For the 20-nm-thick dots with diameters larger than 60nm, the magnetization reversal via vortex state is observed. The role of magnetic interaction between dots in arrays in the reversal process is studied as a function of nanometric center-to-center distance. When this distance is more than twice the dot diameter, the interaction can be neglected and the magnetic properties of the entire array are determined by the magnetic configuration of the individual dots. The effect of crystalline anisotropy on the vortex state is investigated. For arrays of noninteracting dots, the anisotropy strongly affects the vortex nucleation field and coercivity, and only slightly affects the vortex annihilation field.
New ferrocene modified lawsone Mannich bases with anti-proliferative activity against tumor cells (2016)

Lawsone (1a) is a known naphthoquinone dye from the Henna plant Lawsonia inermis. Out of a series of four new ferrocene modified Mannich bases of 1a, the 2-pyridyl derivative 2a was distinctly more active than its analogs 2b–d in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. 2a also exhibited greater antiproliferative effects when compared with the known anticancer active Mannich bases 1b and 1c in the androgen-receptor negative PC-3 prostate and Pgp-expressing KB-V1/Vbl cervix carcinoma cell lines. Compound 2a reached sub-micromolar activities in these aggressive cancer cells and, thus, features a promising drug candidate for the efficient treatment of hormone- or multidrug-resistant cancer types.
Controlling the Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction by Electrical Currents (2023)

The recently discovered interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (IL-DMI) in multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy favors canting of spins in the in-plane direction. It could thus stabilize intriguing spin textures such as Hopfions. A key requirement for nucleation is to control the IL-DMI. Therefore, we investigate the influence of an electric current on a synthetic antiferromagnet with growth-induced IL-DMI. The IL-DMI is quantified by using out-of-plane hysteresis loops of the anomalous Hall effect while applying a static in-plane magnetic field at varied azimuthal angles. We observe a shift in the azimuthal dependence with an increasing current, which we conclude to originate from the additional in-plane symmetry breaking introduced by the current flow. Fitting the angular dependence, we demonstrate the presence of an additive current-induced term that linearly increases the IL-DMI in the direction of current flow. This opens the possibility of easily manipulating 3D spin textures by currents.
PhosphinooxazolinesA New Class of Versatile, Modular P,N-Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis (2000)

Chiral phosphinooxazolines (PHOX ligands), which coordinate to a metal center with a N- and a P-atom, allow effective enantiocontrol in a variety of metal-catalyzed reactions. They are readily synthesized, and because of their modular structure, the steric and electronic properties can be tailored for a specific application by variation of the oxazoline ring, the backbone, and the phosphine moiety.
Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficiency of Glycine-, Iminodiacetic Acid -, and Amino Propyl-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles for the Removal of Potentially Toxic Elements from Contaminated Water Solution (2021)

In present work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared with a surface area of 1048 m2g-1 and a large pore size of ca. 6 nm, using Stöber process in the presence of expanding reagent ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>n</a:mi> </a:math> -hexane). The surface of MSNs was modified with three different functional groups (amine, iminodiacetic acid, and glycine) and characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques. The adsorption studies were carried out at different pH values in two extraction systems. In batch method, the maximum adsorption efficiency of heavy metals was measured to be 95% for all fabricated MSNs at pH 9. At pH 3, the adsorption efficiency of Pb and Cu was observed to be affected by the carboxylic moiety involved in the functional group. As the number of carboxylic moieties increase, the removal efficiency of Pb and Cu ions increased by two folds. The results demonstrated the selectivity of IDA-MSNs for the removal of Pb and Cu ions, even though the multielements are present in an aqueous solution. On the other hand, the incorporation of MSNs into the polymeric membrane showed high water permeability ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mn>9.96</c:mn> <c:mo>±</c:mo> <c:mn>3</c:mn> <c:mtext> </c:mtext> <c:mtext>L</c:mtext> <c:mo>/</c:mo> <c:msup> <c:mrow> <c:mtext>m</c:mtext> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:mn>2</c:mn> </c:mrow> </c:msup> <c:mo>.</c:mo> <c:mtext>h</c:mtext> <c:mo>.</c:mo> <c:mtext>bar</c:mtext> </c:math> ), and 98% rejection was achieved at pH 7 for Cu+2 and Pb+2 ions.
Impaired Quality of Life and Need for Palliative Care in a German Cohort of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patients (2018)

Quality of life is dramatically affected in advanced PD patients. However, we found palliative care to be implemented extremely rare in their treatment concept. Therefore, geriatric patients suffering from advanced PD should be enrolled for palliative care to provide adequate and holistic treatment which may improve or sustain their quality of life.
Machining of Glass Molding Aspherical Dies Utilizing Parallel Grinding Method (2002)

The demand for high precision aspheric lenses has recently been increasing. In this study we will introduce a process that uses a parallel grinding method to produce an aspheric mould made using a super-hard alloy and a correction grinding technique. Also, we will demonstrate the use of different porous resin-bonded diamond whetstones to grind a mould and will review the effects of the different whetstones on precision and surface roughness.
Revealing microbial community structures in large- and small-scale activated sludge systems by barcoded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene (2012)

The diversity of bacterial groups in activated sludge from large- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants was explored by barcoded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Activated sludge samples (three small and 17 large scale) were collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants to clarify precise taxonomy and relative abundances. DNA was extracted, and amplified by 4 base barcoded 27f/519r primer set. The 454 Titanium (Roche) pyrosequences were obtained and analyses performed by Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) with around 100,000 reads. Sequence statistics were computed, while constructing a phylogenetic tree and heatmap. Computed results explained total microbial diversity at phylum and class level and resolution was further extended to Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) based taxonomic assignment for investigating community distribution based on individual sample. Composition of sequence reads were compared and microbial community structures for large- and small-scale treatment plants were identified as major phyla (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and classes (Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Also, family level breakdowns were explained and differences in family Nitrospiraceae and phylum Actinobacteria found at their species level were also illustrated. Thus, the pyrosequencing method provides high resolution insight into microbial community structures in activated sludge that might have been unnoticed with conventional approaches.
Predicting Product Lethality in Hydrostatic Retorts (1985)

ABSTRACT The spore inactivation potential associated with diminishing cooling water temperature and gradient pressure conditions characteristic of the exit water legs of commercial hydrostatic retorts was investigated. Ball's formula for relating process temperatures to lethality failed to exploit this component of the hydrostatic regimen. Hayakawa's computer method, employing theoretical j c /f c parameters (i.e., j c = 2.04 and f c = f h ,), more nearly approximated the total hydrostatic process sterilization value. A numerical heat transfer model, based on retort thermocouple data and documented factory sterilizer temperature profiles, accurately predicted the complementary lethality attending the changing environmental temperature events of the hydrostatic cooling process. The ordered pressure decline imposed by the exit leg delayed but did not eliminate product convection currents. Our conduction model did not account for this phenomenon and thus occasionally overstated total lethality by 7.5 to 8.6%.
What is the Clinical Significance of Transudative Malignant Pleural Effusion? (2003)

Therefore, in all cases of transudative pleaural effusion, no clinical implications indicating malignancy were found on cytologic examination.
Excitation current dependent cathodoluminescence study of InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown on m-plane and c-plane GaN substrates (2009)

InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown with identical conditions on m-plane and c-plane GaN substrates were studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. At a low current of 10 nA, the emission intensity and wavelength of the m-plane aligned QWs were found to be about two times stronger and 19.5 nm blueshifted with respect to that of the c-plane aligned QWs. An increase in the current over three orders of magnitude was found to result in an increase in the emission intensities, with faster saturation in the m-plane aligned QWs. This was explained by the screening of quantum-confined Stark effect in the emission efficiency of the c-plane aligned QWs.
Detection of razor shear force differences in broiler breast meat due to the woody breast condition depends on measurement technique and meat state (2019)

Broiler breast meat with the woody breast (WB) myopathy exhibits abnormal tissue hardness and muscle rigidity in the raw state. The effectiveness of using instrumental shear measurements to characterize texture in WB fillets before and after cooking is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of WB on razor shear force measurements in fresh never-frozen and frozen-thawed broiler breast fillets in both the raw and cooked state. Deboned breast fillets (n = 234) were collected from a commercial processing plant and categorized as normal (n = 78), moderate WB (n = 86), or severe WB (n = 70). At 24 h postmortem fillets were either used for texture analysis directly or frozen-thawed prior to analysis. Each fillet was measured before and after cooking using either the blunt blade (BMORS) or sharpened blade (MORS) versions of the Meullenet-Owens razor shear test. The ability of BMORS to distinguish between normal and WB fillets was different between raw and cooked fillets. In both fresh and frozen-thawed fillets, raw BMORS shear values (peak shear force and shear energy) increased (P < 0.0001) with WB severity. In fresh fillets, cooked BMORS values were similar between normal, moderate WB, and severe WB fillets. In frozen-thawed fillets, cooked BMORS values were greater (P < 0.001) in severe WB compared to normal fillets but were similar between normal and moderate WB fillets. Cooking had less impact on the ability of MORS to distinguish between normal and WB fillets. For both fresh and frozen-thawed fillets, MORS shear values (peak shear force and shear energy) were greater (P < 0.05) in WB fillets than normals in both the raw and cooked states. Data from this study demonstrate that the WB myopathy influences razor shear measurements in raw broiler breast fillets, but suggest that the ability to objectively detect texture differences in cooked WB meat is strongly dependent upon razor shear technique.
Food safety knowledge and practices of young adults. (2015)

The objective of the study described in this article was to ascertain the food safety knowledge and practices of undergraduate students attending a major American university. The study participants were undergraduate college students (mean age 18.9 +/- 1.14 SD) enrolled in a required health course. The students were invited to take a validated food safety knowledge questionnaire as part of a health risk behavior online survey. The 786 respondents indicated their food is most often prepared at on-campus dining facilities and the majority of the students (72%) felt they were "unlikely or "very unlikely" at risk of foodborne disease. The mean food safety knowledge score of the participants was 10.23 (43%) +/- 4.13 SD (25%-60%), indicating the study population overall has poor knowledge of safe food practices. As a result, food safety educational initiatives and awareness campaigns should be developed to better inform young adults about safe food handling practices and habits.
1/f noise in GaN/AlGaN HEMTs (2016)

The voltage dependence of the low-frequency noise of GaN/AlGaN HEMTs is usually modeled in terms of mobility fluctuations. Noise measurements in commercial devices before and after proton irradiation and/or voltage stress have been found instead to be more consistent with number fluctuations. Low-frequency noise measurements vs. temperature show defect-related peaks in energy at ~ 0.2 eV, ~ 0.5 eV, and ~ 0.7 eV that increase with proton irradiation and/or voltage stress. The Dutta-Horn model of 1/f noise describes these results well, demonstrating that the noise is caused by defects in the AlGaN and/or GaN layers.