gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase of schistosoma mansoni—Functional correlates: Contributed in honor of Professor Hans Neurath's 90th birthday (1999)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme broadly distributed in many species, including parasites. It occurs in multiple molecular forms that differ in their quaternary structure and mode of anchoring to the cell surface. This review summarizes biochemical and immunological investigations carried out in our laboratories on AChE of the helmint, Schistosoma mansoni. AChE appears in S. mansoni in two principal molecular forms, both globular, with sedimentation coefficients of approximately 6.5 and 8 S. On the basis of their substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibitors, both are "true" acetylcholinesterases. Approximately half of the AChE activity of S. mansoni is located on the outer surface of the parasite, attached to the tegumental membrane via a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The remainder is located within the parasite, mainly associated with muscle tissue. Whereas the internal enzyme is most likely involved in termination of neurotransmission at cholinergic synapses, the role of the surface enzyme remains to be established; there are, however, indications that it is involved in signal transduction. The two forms of AChE differ in their heparin-binding properties, only the internal 8 S form of the AChE being retained on a heparin column. The two forms differ also in their immunological specificity, since they are selectively recognized by different monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies raised against S. mansoni AChE purified by affinity chromatography are specific for the parasite AChE, reacting with both molecular forms, but do not recognize AChE from other species. They interact with the surface-localized enzyme on the intact organism, and produce almost total complement-dependent killing of the parasite. S. mansoni AChE is thus demonstrated to be a functional protein, involved in multifaceted activities, which can serve as a suitable candidate for diagnostic purposes, vaccine development, and drug design.
Supplementary Legends 1-5 from SNAI1 Is Required for Tumor Growth and Lymph Node Metastasis of Human Breast Carcinoma MDA-MB-231 Cells (2023)

Supplementary Legends 1-5 from SNAI1 Is Required for Tumor Growth and Lymph Node Metastasis of Human Breast Carcinoma MDA-MB-231 Cells
Regulatory Role of Ginsenoside Rp1, a Novel Ginsenoside Derivative, on CD29-Mediated Cell Adhesion (2009)

In this study, we examined the regulatory role of G-Rp1 on cell adhesion events mediated by beta1-integrins (CD29). Using a U937 cell-cell adhesion assay, we found that exogenous G-Rp1 down-regulates CD29 activation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas G-Rg3 did not cause the same effect. However, G-Rp1 increased cell-fibronectin adhesion comparable to cytochalasin B, an actin cytoskeleton disruptor. Furthermore, G-Rp1 also blocked the rearrangement of actin at sites of cell-cell contact, indicating that the actin cytoskeleton may be a target of G-Rp1 action. Interestingly, G-Rp1 suppressed dephosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser-157, known to be an actin cytoskeleton modulatory protein. These results suggest that G-Rp1 may act as a novel regulator of CD29-mediated cell adhesion events, which are involved in numerous pathological symptoms.
Chemistry of uranium (V) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of uranium (V)Joel Selbin and J. D. OrtegoCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 5, 657–671Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60261a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60261a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1606Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Genetic Variants on Striatal Dopamine Transporter and D2 Receptor Binding after TB (2014)

Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission influences cognition and recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explored whether functional genetic variants affecting the DA transporter (DAT) and D2 receptor (DRD2) impacted in vivo dopaminergic binding with positron emission tomography (PET) using [ 11 C]βCFT and [ 11 C]raclopride. We examined subjects with moderate/severe TBI ( N = 12) ~1 year post injury and similarly matched healthy controls ( N = 13). The variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism within the DAT gene and the Taql restriction fragment length polymorphism near the DRD2 gene were assessed. TBI subjects had age-adjusted DAT-binding reductions in the caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum, and modestly increased D2 binding in ventral striatum versus controls. Despite small sample sizes, multivariate analysis showed lower caudate and putamen DAT binding among DAT 9-allele carriers and DRD2 A2/A2 homozygotes with TBI versus controls with the same genotype. Among TBI subjects, 9-allele carriers had lower caudate and putamen binding than 10/10 homozygotes. This PET study suggests a hypodopaminergic environment and altered DRD2 autoreceptor DAT interactions that may influence DA transmission after TBI. Future work will relate these findings to cognitive performance; future studies are required to determine how DRD2/DAT1 genotype and DA-ligand binding are associated with neurostimulant response and TBI recovery.
Combining Conventional Therapies with Intratumoral Injection of Autologous Dendritic Cells and Activated T Cells to Treat Patients with Advanced Cancers (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that have been used in cancer immunotherapy. To take advantage of the ability of DCs to acquire antigenic materials from their environment and generate primary as well as recall immune responses, 37 patients with advanced cancers were enrolled in a series of protocols based on direct intratumoral injection of immature DCs. To augment antigen uptake and antitumor immune response, DC injection was combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy and/or injection of activated T cells. Treatments were well tolerated with no adverse reactions. Clinical responses were based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, with the majority of patients showing stable disease. One of two patients who also received local radiation achieved a sustained complete response at injected and metastatic sites. The clinical responses observed in cancer patients with advanced disease suggest potential effectiveness of combination strategies and establish the basis for the current treatment protocol that is underway.
Supporting Development of Energy-Optimised Java Real-Time Systems using TetaSARTS (2013)

This paper presents how the tool TetaSARTS can be used to support the development of embedded hard real-time systems written in Java using the emerging Safety Critical Java (SCJ) profile. TetaSARTS facilitates control-flow sensitive schedulability analysis of a set of real-time tasks, and features a pluggable platform specification allowing analysis of systems including the hosting execution environment. This is achieved by approaching the analysis as a model checking problem by modelling the system using the Timed Automata formalism of the model checking tool Uppaal. The resulting Timed Automata model facilitates easy adjustment of a wide variety of parameters that may be of interest such as processor frequency.<br/><br/>This paper demonstrates that TetaSARTS can be used for tuning processor frequency, for conducting control-flow sensitive Worst Case Response Time analysis, and for conducting processor utilisation and idle time analysis.
Homogenization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms visualized by freeze‐substitution electron microscopy (2012)

A knowledge of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms is required to more fully understand the processes of biofilm formation such as initial adhesion or detachment. The main contribution of this article is to demonstrate the use of homogenization techniques to compute mechanical parameters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. For this purpose, homogenization techniques are used to analyze freeze substitution electron micrographs of the biofilm cross-sections. The concept of a representative volume element and the study about his representativeness allows us to determine the optimal size in order to analyze these biofilm images. Results demonstrate significant heterogeneities with respect to stiffness and these can be explained by varying cell density distribution throughout the bacterial biofilms. These stiffness variations lead to different mechanical properties along the height of the biofilm. Moreover, a numerical shear stress test shows the impact of these heterogeneities on the detachment process. Several modes of detachment are highlighted according to the local strain energy in the different parts of the biofilm. Knowing where, and how, a biofilm may detach will allow better prediction of accumulation and biomass detachment.
Effect of Mn Content in Steels on the Selective Surface Oxidation Behavior of 1 mass% Si Bearing Low C Steels in Recrystallization Annealing (2007)

Effect of Mn content and dew point of recrystallization annealing atmosphere were investigated, on the selective surface oxidation and the internal oxidation behavior of 1 mass% Si bearing steels at 800°C, by glow discharged spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and IR absorption spectroscopy. For the steel of which Mn content was 1 mass% or less, the amount of the selective surface oxides of Si and Mn on the surface after annealing, were increased with the increase in the Mn content in steels, due to suppression of protective SiO2 formation. For the steel of which Mn content was more than 1 mass%, both the selective surface oxidation and the internal oxidation behavior were remarkably affected by dew point of recrystallization annealing atmosphere. In case the dew point was -40°C, the amount of Si selective surface oxidation was almost constant and the internal oxidation was not occurred regardless of Mn content in steel. While in case the dew point was -30°C, the amount of Si selective surface oxidation was decreased and the amount of internal oxidation was increased with the increase in the Mn content in the steel. Those differences were explained by lowering thermodynamical oxidation potential of Si, Mn bearing steels with increase in the Mn content. At higher dew point, non-protective Si, Mn-oxides were formed at lower dew point of annealing atmosphere, which accelerated internal oxidation of Si, Mn bearing steels.
Learned Video Compression (2019)

We present a new algorithm for video coding, learned end-to-end for the low-latency mode. In this setting, our approach outperforms all existing video codecs across nearly the entire bitrate range. To our knowledge, this is the first ML-based method to do so. We evaluate our approach on standard video compression test sets of varying resolutions, and benchmark against all mainstream commercial codecs in the low-latency mode. On standard-definition videos, HEVC/H.265, AVC/H.264 and VP9 typically produce codes up to 60% larger than our algorithm. On high-definition 1080p videos, H.265 and VP9 typically produce codes up to 20% larger, and H.264 up to 35% larger. Furthermore, our approach does not suffer from blocking artifacts and pixelation, and thus produces videos that are more visually pleasing. We propose two main contributions. The first is a novel architecture for video compression, which (1) generalizes motion estimation to perform any learned compensation beyond simple translations, (2) rather than strictly relying on previously transmitted reference frames, maintains a state of arbitrary information learned by the model, and (3) enables jointly compressing all transmitted signals (such as optical flow and residual). Secondly, we present a framework for ML-based spatial rate control - a mechanism for assigning variable bitrates across space for each frame. This is a critical component for video coding, which to our knowledge had not been developed within a machine learning setting.
A Polymer‐Based Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Salmonella: Preparation, Characterization and Calibration (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we present the results of the use of bifunctional polymeric films of polystyrene (10.3 KD–49.5 KD) to anchor oligo sequences of various lengths (15, 35 and 70‐mer). The polymers were prepared by radical polymerization with 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) as initiator and 3‐Carboxy PROXYL to control the molecular weight and polydispersity. They were further modified with N ‐hydroxysuccinimide to anchor the (5′‐AmMC 12 ) oligos. The anchoring reaction was done on a polymer‐modified glassy carbon electrode. The probes were hybridized with their ferrocene‐labeled complementary sequences. The hybridization reaction was followed by Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV). The calibration curve showed a narrow and sharp linear range between (5.7–8.0)×10 −7 M and a detection limit around 0.55 µM.
Is It Possible to Have Neuromodulation Therapies to Treat Insomnia through Circadian Process Activation? (2019)

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. It is currently defined as subjective difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or inability to fall asleep after waking up too early. Hypnotic medications are a popular short-term treatment, as they provide immediate subjective relief during periods of high stress, even when there may be little or no objective benefit. However, hypnotics are not a good choice for the long-term treatment of insomnia because of tolerance, dependency, and numerous medical and psychologic risks. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective for chronic insomnia and is usually recommended as the first-line treatment. CBT-I is a structured program that helps people identify and replace negative thoughts and behaviors that cause or worsen their sleep problems. CBT-I has the merit of no dependency and little other risk apart from sleepiness early in treatment. CBT requires much time and effort to make it effective. Some CBT benefits can be gained from internet treatment programs and written materials, but there is considerable expense when a therapist is needed for adequate effectiveness. Therefore, insomnia is still considered difficult to overcome.
Making specific features less discriminative to improve point-based 3D object recognition (2010)

We present a framework that retains ambiguity in feature matching to increase the performance of 3D object recognition systems. Whereas previous systems removed ambiguous correspondences during matching, we show that ambiguity should be resolved during hypothesis testing and not at the matching phase. To preserve ambiguity during matching, we vector quantize and match model features in a hierarchical manner. This matching technique allows our system to be more robust to the distribution of model descriptors in feature space. We also show that we can address recognition under arbitrary viewpoint by using our framework to facilitate matching of additional features extracted from affine transformed model images. The evaluation of our algorithms in 3D object recognition is demonstrated on a difficult dataset of 620 images.
Specific Inhibition of Plaque Formation to Phosphorylcholine by Antibody against Antibody (1972)

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with heat-killed rough pneumococci (strain R36A) or spleen cells from normal mice immunized in vitro with the same antigen produce direct hemolytic plaques against sheep erythrocytes coated with pneumococcal C polysaccharide or conjugated with phosphorylcholine. Formation of plaques is specifically inhibited by phosphorylcholine or by antiserum to mouse immunoglobulin A myeloma protein which binds phosphorylcholine. Thus, the myeloma proteins and normal BALB/c antibodies share similar idiotypic determinants. This experimental system is suitable for probing the role of the antigen receptor in the immune response.
Perforation of the Sigmoid Colon and Massive Ischemia of the Small Intestine Caused by Amyloidosis Associated With Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report (2014)

Amyloidosis is a metabolic disease that results in organ dysfunction because of the deposition of amyloid proteins in body tissues and organs. Amyloid accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to severe complications with poor outcomes. We report a case showing simultaneous perforation of the sigmoid colon and massive segmental intestinal ischemia caused by amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. A 75-year-old woman presented to the emergency department in our hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Results of several examinations indicated sigmoid colon perforation and acute generalized peritonitis. She underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy. Operative finding was a perforation of the sigmoid colon and many segmental discoloration sites appeared intraoperatively in the small intestine. A loop colostomy was performed by employing a double-barrel ileostomy with a massive resection of the segmentally discolored small bowel. Pathological findings suggested that the causative factor was amyloidosis with multiple myeloma. The patient was successfully treated with adequate surgery and with melphalan and prednisone after the operation. Meticulous and appropriate treatment for severe complications involving amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma can prevent a fatal outcome.
The Flow of Liquids in Micro-Capillary Tubes. Consideration to Application of the Navier-Stokes Equations. (1993)

Designing the micro-fluid machines as micro-pumps and micro-valves requires the clarification of fluid dynamics on the order of 0.1-100m. This paper describes the flow of liquids in micro-capillary tubes and a method of measuring it. The method can precisely measure flow rates as small as 10 pl/s to 10 nl/s. The estimated measurement error of the method is less than 6 percent for flow rate, and less than 4 kPa for pressure loss. In 4.5 to 50.5 m diameter micro-capillary tubes,the flow rate and the pressure loss were measured for silicon oil of 2.6 x 10-6 to 4.3 x 10-4 m2/s kinematic viscosity. The measurement results showed that the flow rate is proportional to the pressure loss for a diameter of 11.2 pm and kinematic viscosity of 4.3 x 10-4 m2/s. The measured values are in agreement with the theoretical values calculated by the Navier-Stokes equations.
Media Control Interface Based on Gesture Recognition of Mobile Phone (2010)

This paper presents a novel control interface commonly used by medium,the interface can identify the natural gestures expressed by user's mobile phone.Users express their operational intention by waving the mobile phone,the built-in three-axis acceleration sensor will collect corresponding gesture data.It uses various algorithms,such as Dynamic Time Warping(DTW) to recognize the user's gestures in order to control the multimedia playing.Experimental results show that to a few of common gestures,the interface has a higher recognition rate and it can meet the requirement of the practical application to control media simply and conveniently.
Functional Characterization of SsaE, a Novel Chaperone Protein of the Type III Secretion System Encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (2009)

The type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) is involved in systemic infection and intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In this study, we investigated the function of SsaE, a small cytoplasmic protein encoded within the SPI-2 locus, which shows structural similarity to the T3SS class V chaperones. An S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ssaE mutant failed to secrete SPI-2 translocator SseB and SPI-2-dependent effector PipB proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses using an SsaE-FLAG fusion protein indicated that SsaE interacts with SseB and a putative T3SS-associated ATPase, SsaN. A series of deleted and point-mutated SsaE-FLAG fusion proteins revealed that the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of SsaE is critical for protein-protein interactions. Although SseA was reported to be a chaperone for SseB and to be required for its secretion and stability in the bacterial cytoplasm, an sseA deletion mutant was able to secrete the SseB in vitro when plasmid-derived SseB was overexpressed. In contrast, ssaE mutant strains could not transport SseB extracellularly under the same assay conditions. In addition, an ssaE(I55G) point-mutated strain that expresses the SsaE derivative lacking the ability to form a C-terminal coiled-coil structure showed attenuated virulence comparable to that of an SPI-2 T3SS null mutant, suggesting that the coiled-coil interaction of SsaE is absolutely essential for the functional SPI-2 T3SS and for Salmonella virulence. Based on these findings, we propose that SsaE recognizes translocator SseB and controls its secretion via SPI-2 type III secretion machinery.
Cholinesterase‐catalyzed resolution of D,L‐carnitine (1984)

An enzymatic method for the preparative resolution of racemic carnitine (whose L-isomer and its acyl-derivatives have numerous therapeutical applications) has been developed. It is based on our finding that electriceel acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the D- but not the L-isomer of acetylcarnitine. (Another cholinesterase tested, horse serum butyrylcholinesterase, is also stereospecific and hydrolyzes only the L-isomer of butyrylcarnitine.) Acetylcholinesterase, covalently attached to alumina, was employed for the resolution of D,L-carnitine; the latter was first chemically acetylated, then stereoselectively hydrolyzed with the immobilized enzyme, and finally the acetyl-L-carnitine and D-carnitine produced were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Gram quantities of D,L-carnitine were thereby resolved.