gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, Structure and Function of Secretory Trichomes in Psychotria Bacteriophila (Rubiaceae) (1968)

Mucilage-secreting dendroid trichomes develop from the adaxial epidermis of young stipules surrounding the shoot apex. Each trichome consists of a multicellular stalk from which radiate many branch cells. The trichome has no cuticle and the branch cell walls distally are loose cellulosic frameworks. Dictyosomes produce vesicles whose products are secreted through the plasma-lemma and cell wall. Enlarged portions of the ER are frequently associated with dictyosomes and may be part of the system for synthesis and transport of secretion products. Bacteria, which later occur in leaf nodules, are present in the mucilage surrounding trichomes and young leaves. The latter develop stomata through which the bacteria enter. As stipules and leaves grow out of the apical region, the secretory trichomes degenerate and are replaced by non-secretory ones.
Calibration considerations in a large bistatic angle airborne radar system for ground clutter measurements (2003)

Calibration considerations and the performance analysis of an L-band airborne clutter measurement system are discussed. The measurement system is designed to collect simultaneous bistatic and monostatic clutter measurements in support of the hybrid bistatic radar (HBR) system. The analysis techniques used to define the experiment geometry and resulting resolution cells, calibration considerations, and the impact on the ability to determine clutter radar cross sections are described. The calibration techniques selected involved the transfer of calibration data from optimal geometries for calibration, to the geometries of interest in this program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Odd man out: a graphical approach to meta-analysis. (1988)

The areas of overlap of confidence intervals from several studies can be used to create summary confidence regions. These summary regions lend themselves to graphical display, have readily derivable statistical properties, and can carry information about the influence both of available studies and of hypothetical future investigations. The case of a region covered by at least N-1 out of N confidence intervals is presented in some detail.
SAETTA: high-resolution 3-D mapping of the total lightning activity in the Mediterranean Basin over Corsica, with a focus on a mesoscale convective system event (2019)

Abstract. Deployed on the mountainous island of Corsica for thunderstorm monitoring purposes in the Mediterranean Basin, SAETTA is a network of 12 LMA (Lightning Mapping Array, designed by New Mexico Tech, USA) stations that allows the 3-D mapping of very high-frequency (VHF) radiation emitted by cloud discharges in the 60–66 MHz band. It works at high temporal (∼40 ns in each 80 µs time window) and spatial (tens of meters at best) resolution within a range of about 350 km. Originally deployed in May 2014, SAETTA was commissioned during the summer and autumn seasons and has now been permanently operational since April 2016 until at least the end of 2020. We first evaluate the performances of SAETTA through the radial, azimuthal, and altitude errors of VHF source localization with the theoretical model of Thomas et al. (2004). We also compute on a 240 km × 240 km domain the minimum altitude at which a VHF source can be detected by at least six stations by taking into account the masking effect of the relief. We then report the 3-year observations on the same domain in terms of number of lightning days per square kilometer (i.e., total number of days during which lightning has been detected in a given 1 km square pixel) and in terms of lightning days integrated across the domain. The lightning activity is first maximum in June because of daytime convection driven by solar energy input, but concentrates on a specific hot spot in July just above the intersection of the three main valleys. This hot spot is probably due to the low-level convergence of moist air fluxes from sea breezes channeled by the three valleys. Lightning activity increases again in September due to numerous small thunderstorms above the sea and to some high-precipitation events. Finally we report lightning observations of unusual high-altitude discharges associated with the mesoscale convective system of 8 June 2015. Most of them are small discharges on top of an intense convective core during convective surges. They are considered in the flash classification of Thomas et al. (2003) to be small–isolated and short–isolated flashes. The other high-altitude discharges, much less numerous, are long-range flashes that develop through the stratiform region and suddenly undergo upward propagations towards an uppermost thin layer of charge. This latter observation is apparently consistent with the recent conceptual model of Dye and Bansemer (2019) that explains such an upper-level layer of charge in the stratiform region by the development of a non-riming ice collisional charging in a mesoscale updraft.
Live fluorescence imaging reveals early recruitment of emerin, LBR, RanBP2, and Nup153 to reforming functional nuclear envelopes (2000)

We determined the times when the nuclear membrane, nuclear pore complex (NPC) components, and nuclear import function were recovered during telophase in living HeLa cells. Simultaneous observation of fluorescently-labeled NLS-bearing proteins, lamin B receptor (LBR)-GFP, and Hoechst33342-stained chromosomes revealed that nuclear membranes reassembled around chromosomes by 5 minutes after the onset of anaphase (early telophase) whereas nuclear import function was recovered later, at 8 minutes. GFP-tagged emerin also accumulated on chromosomes 5 minutes after the onset of anaphase. Interestingly, emerin and LBR initially accumulated at distinct, separate locations, but then became uniform 8 minutes after the onset of anaphase, concurrent with the recovery of nuclear import function. We further determined the timing of NPC assembly by immunofluorescence staining of cells fixed at precise times after the onset of anaphase. Taken together, these results showed that emerin, LBR, and several NPC components (RanBP2, Nup153, p62), but not Tpr, reconstitute around chromosomes very early in telophase prior to the recovery of nuclear import activity.
The occurrence of tarsal injuries in male mice of C57BL/6N substrains in multiple international mouse facilities (2020)

Dislocation in hindlimb tarsals are being observed at a low, but persistent frequency in group-housed adult male mice from C57BL/6N substrains. Clinical signs included a sudden onset of mild to severe unilateral or bilateral tarsal abduction, swelling, abnormal hindlimb morphology and lameness. Contraction of digits and gait abnormalities were noted in multiple cases. Radiographical and histological examination revealed caudal dislocation of the calcaneus and partial dislocation of the calcaneoquartal (calcaneus-tarsal bone IV) joint. The detection, frequency, and cause of this pathology in five large mouse production and phenotyping centres (MRC Harwell, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, USA; The Centre for Phenogenomics, Canada; German Mouse Clinic, Germany; Baylor College of Medicine, USA) are discussed.
Análise numérica da influência de parâmetros operacionais e construtivos no funcionamento de trocadores de calor solo-ar (2015)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="SPabstract"&gt;A busca pelo conforto térmico em ambientes construídos eleva o consumo de energia elétrica, devido à necessidade de climatização para se atingir uma temperatura agradável: resfriamento no verão e aquecimento no inverno. A fim de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica nos condicionadores de ar, surge o trocador de calor solo-ar (TCSA), que utiliza a radiação solar que incide sobre a superfície do solo como uma fonte de energia limpa e renovável. Assim, o ar que escoa no TCSA é direcionado para o interior de edificações, proporcionando uma melhoria significativa na sua condição térmica. Isso é possível devido à inércia térmica do solo, que possui temperatura mais amena se comparada à temperatura do ar ambiente. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar numericamente a influência da velocidade do ar em escoamento no duto e do espaçamento entre dois dutos em paralelo no desempenho térmico do TCSA. Para isso um modelo computacional, verificado e validado, desenvolvido no software FLUENT, que é baseado no Método dos Volumes Finitos (MVF), foi usado. Os resultados mostram que durante os períodos mais quentes a menor velocidade de escoamento do ar analisada conduz a um melhor desempenho térmico do TCSA. Também foi observado que a partir de 1 m de afastamento entre os dutos, a troca térmica entre cada duto e solo não é afetada de forma significativa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Kinetics and Mechanism of l-Lactide Polymerization Using Two Different Yttrium Alkoxides as Initiators (1996)

Polymerization of l-lactide in dichloromethane at 25 °C using an initiating system comprising tris(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy)yttrium and 2-propanol was first order in monomer and initiator. A propagation rate constant of 1.92 × 103 L mol-1 min-1 was determined using in situ UV spectroscopy. In the first step the large 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy ligands are exchanged for the sterically less demanding 2-propoxide ligands. In the second step the alkoxide is able to attack the carbonyl group with formation of the ring-opened product. After the first two initiating steps the polymerization can proceed until the equilibrium conversion of monomer is reached. Evidence for these three steps is provided by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the reaction products of each step. The kinetic behavior of commercially available yttrium isopropoxide was more complicated.
Axonal stimulation under MRI magnetic field z gradients: A modeling study (1997)

The stimulation of axons under MRI magnetic fields is analyzed solving the cable equation along the axons in the presence of magnetic field z gradients. Axons are represented using a one-dimensional compartmental cable model including the kinetics of mammalian myelinated fibers. Computer simulations of the model were performed for sinusoidal and trapezoidal fields. Several axon and field parameters were tested to determine the threshold values for axonal stimulation of the magnetic field, induced electric field and time derivative of the magnetic field. The results indicate that 1) threshold for stimulation is lowest for the largest diameter axons terminating in the region where the magnetic field is maximum, 2) trapezoidal waveforms can be optimized to allow better sub-threshold resolution than sinusoidal waveforms, and 3) the induced electric field is better than the magnetic field and time derivative of the magnetic field as indicators of stimulation threshold.
Central Leptin Stimulates Corticosterone Secretion at the Onset of the Dark Phase (1997)

Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue in proportion to body adiposity, is proposed to be involved in the central nervous regulation of food intake and body weight. In addition, evidence is emerging that leptin regulates neuroendocrine and metabolic functions as well, presumably via its action in the central nervous system (CNS). To investigate this regulatory effect of leptin, we infused 3.5 microg of human leptin directly into the third cerebral ventricle (i3vt) of lean male Long-Evans rats, 90 min before the onset of their dark phase. Before and after infusion, blood samples were withdrawn through indwelling catheters for assessment of hormonal (plasma corticosterone, insulin, leptin), autonomic (plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine), and metabolic (plasma glucose) parameters. I3vt leptin caused an increase in plasma corticosterone and plasma leptin levels relative to the control condition. The effects of i3vt leptin on corticosterone secretion became particularly apparent after the onset of the dark phase. The results of the present study indicate that i3vt leptin stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly when rats normally encounter their largest meals. These results are consistent with the possibility that high circulating leptin levels may underlie the increased activity of the HPA axis that is generally characteristic of human obesity and most animal models of obesity.
Paper based document security - a review (1997)

Inspection of documents and valuable products for authenticity can be divided into three categories: first line inspection-the inspection of the document or product with the human senses only without additional equipment; second line inspection-the inspection of the document or product with the means of additional tools like a magnifier, an ultra violet source, a bar code reader; third line inspection-the inspection of the document or product in laboratory conditions, using advanced know how, sophisticated means (spectrometers, microscopes, infrared radiation, etc.) and dedicated inspection facilities. It can be argued that first line inspection has a few psychological drawbacks and that machine inspection grants considerably higher security. This may be true, but a major drawback of machine inspection is the current lack of standardization and it cannot be conceived how the many ingenious systems that have been invented can be put to general use. Obvious exceptions are the magnetic stripe and the chip card. However, there is little refuge in providing valuable documents and products with high tech and highly secure machine readable features if not, first of all, their first line public defence is adequately covered. First line security, therefore, is the main subject of the paper.
High resolution motion compensated contrast-free free-breathing 3D CMRA at 7T using single transmit coil (2023)

3D cardiovascular MR imaging at ultra-high field (7T) is very challenging due to magnetic-field inhomogeneity (B 0 and B 1 ), SAR constraints and also the coil-depth issues of surface coils. To our best knowledge this is the first report demonstrating contrast-free ultra-high resolution (0.7mm 3 isotropic) free-breathing 3D CMRA images with translational respiratory motion compensation. To avoid SAR constraints imposed by the use of T 2 -preparation pulses, high excitation flip-angles are exploited to obtain high contrast between the coronary arteries and myocardium. This technique may be adopted for clinical applications to produce high-resolution cardiac MR images at 7T scanners.
Proprioception in the cruciate deficient knee (1992)

Proprioception was measured in the knees of 20 subjects with instability of the anterior cruciate ligament and compared with 17 age-matched control subjects. There was diminished position sense and threshold for movement detection in the injured patients compared with the control group. The proprioceptive deficit recorded from the injured knee showed a significant correlation with the hamstring/quadriceps power ratio recorded from the injured leg.
ESD Full‐Chip Design Integration and Architecture (2011)

This chapter presents examples of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) design synthesis and integration for different chip designs. It discusses architectures for memory, microprocessors, Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) standard cell, analog and radio frequency. The chapter provides examples of digital, analog, RF, mixed-signal, and mixed-voltage interface chip integration and architectures. In semiconductor chip design, ESD design synthesis is a function of whether the design is custom, or in standard cell architecture. Microprocessors utilize advanced CMOS technology. CMOS imaging chips are advantageous over CCD chips due to low power consumption, making it ideal for battery power applications. Controlled Vocabulary Terms application specific integrated circuits; CMOS analog integrated circuits; electrostatic discharge; Power demand
Cajanus platycarpus Flavonoid 3′5′ Hydroxylase_2 (CpF3′5′H_2) Confers Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera by Modulating Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco (2023)

Pod borer <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, a polyphagus herbivorous pest, tremendously incurs crop damage in economically important crops. This necessitates the identification and utility of novel genes for the control of the herbivore. The present study deals with the characterization of a <i>flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase_2</i> (<i>F3'5'H_2</i>) from a pigeonpea wild relative <i>Cajanus platycarpus</i>, possessing a robust chemical resistance response to <i>H. armigera</i>. Though <i>F3'5'H_2</i> displayed a dynamic expression pattern in both <i>C. platycarpus</i> (Cp) and the cultivated pigeonpea, <i>Cajanus cajan (</i>Cc<i>)</i> during continued herbivory, <i>CpF3'5'H_2</i> showed a 4.6-fold increase vis a vis 3-fold in <i>CcF3'5'H_2</i>. Despite similar gene copy numbers in the two <i>Cajanus</i> spp., interesting genic and promoter sequence changes highlighted the stress responsiveness of <i>CpF3'5'H_2</i>. The relevance of <i>CpF3'5'H_2</i> in <i>H. armigera</i> resistance was further validated in <i>CpF3'5'H_2</i>-overexpressed transgenic tobacco based on reduced leaf damage and increased larval mortality through an in vitro bioassay. As exciting maiden clues, <i>CpF3'5'H_2</i> deterred herbivory in transgenic tobacco by increasing total flavonoids, polyphenols and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this is a maiden attempt ascertaining the role of <i>F3'5'H_2</i> gene in the management of <i>H. armigera.</i> These interesting leads suggest the potential of this pivotal branch-point gene in biotic stress management programs.
Compressed sensing of streaming data (2013)

We introduce a recursive scheme for performing Compressed Sensing (CS) on streaming data and analyze, both analytically and experimentally, the computational complexity and estimation error. The approach consists of sampling the input stream recursively via overlapping windowing and making use of the previous measurement in obtaining the next one. The signal estimate from the previous window is utilized in order to achieve faster convergence in an iterative optimization algorithm to decode the new window. To remove the bias of the estimator a two-step estimation procedure is proposed comprising support set detection and signal amplitude estimation. Estimation accuracy is enhanced by averaging estimates obtained from overlapping windows. The proposed method is shown to have asymptotic computational complexity O(nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2</sup> ), where n is the window length, and m is the number of samples. The variance of normalized estimation error is shown to asymptotically go to 0 if k = O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1−∈</sup> ) as n increases. The simulation results show speed up of at least ten times with respect to applying traditional CS on a stream of data while obtaining significantly lower reconstruction error under mild conditions on the signal magnitudes and the noise level.
Single-crystalline MgAl2O4spinel nanotubes using a reactive and removable MgO nanowire template (2006)

Using MgO nanowires as a reactive template, we fabricated for the first time single-crystal MgAl2O4 spinel nanotubes through an interfacial solid-state reaction of MgO–Al2O3 core–shell nanowires. Single-crystal MgO nanowires are coated with a conformal thin layer of amorphous Al2O3 via atomic layer deposition. Subsequent annealing at 700 °C activates the interfacial reaction between MgO and Al2O3, transforming the alumina shell into a spinel shell. Finally, after etching away the remaining MgO core in ammonia sulfuric solution, MgAl2O4 spinel nanotubes are obtained. As a transition from conventional planar spinel layers via thin-film interface reactions, our result might open a window for the fabrication of a wide variety of MgO-based spinel one-dimensional nanostructures.
Bisannelation of arenes with bis-aryne equivalents (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBisannelation of arenes with bis-aryne equivalentsHarold Hart, Chung-Yin Lai, Godson Nwokogu, Shamouil Shamouilian, Avraham Teuerstein, and Chana ZlotogorskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 21, 6649–6651Publication Date (Print):October 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00541a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00541a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of Clostridium sordellii Lethal Toxin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (2009)

Virulent strains of Clostridium sordellii cause gangrenous myonecrosis in humans. The released lethal toxin (TcsL) and hemorrhagic toxin (TcsH) are regarded as the major virulence factors. TcsL inactivates low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Ras subfamilies by monoglucosylation. In cultured cell lines, glucosylation, i.e., inactivation of Rho/Ras proteins, results in actin reorganization ("cytopathic effect") and apoptotic cell death ("cytotoxic effect"). Apoptotic cell death induced by TcsL is suggested to be based on inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-survival pathway. In this study, we analyze the critical role of PI3K/Akt signaling in TcsL-induced apoptosis using the antiapoptotic bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) as the pharmacological tool. TUDCA preserved the TcsL-induced decrease of the cellular level of phospho-Akt, suggesting that TUDCA activated PI3K/Akt signaling downstream of inhibited Ras signaling. TcsL-induced apoptosis was prevented by TUDCA treatment. The antiapoptotic effect of TUDCA was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the Akt inhibitor, showing that the antiapoptotic effect depends on PI3K/Akt signaling. Inhibition of Ras/Rho signaling by TcsL resulted in activation of p38 MAP kinase. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by SB203580 protected cells from TcsL-induced apoptosis. TUDCA induced activation of p38 MAP kinase as well, an aspect of the TUDCA effects that most likely did not contribute to its antiapoptotic activity. Due to its antiapoptotic activity, TUDCA is under investigation for its potential application as a therapeutic modulator of apoptosis-related diseases. TUDCA may represent a new concept for the treatment of disease associated with toxigenic C. sordellii.