gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific IgA in Infants Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Women (1995)

False-positive test results for HIV-specific IgA occurred with diminishing frequency during the first 4 weeks of life, and the frequency of detectable HIV-specific IgA was similar among the HIV-infected and uninfected groups at this age. Beyond 1 month of age, detection of HIV-specific IgA is highly specific and is a useful serum-based assay for early diagnosis of HIV infection. These results suggest that maternal-fetal transfusion is common and support the hypothesis that the majority of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV occurs around the time of parturition.
Synthesis of Piperazines. XIII (1959)

1) High-pressure, catalytic condensation reaction of trimethylenediamine and glycols, using Raney nickel as a catalyst, afforded C-alkylhomopiperazines. Condensation of trimethylenediamine with propylene glycol and 2, 3-butanediol respectively afforded 2-methylhomopiperazine (yield, 6.6%) and 2, 3-dimethylhomopiperazine (yield, 13.7%).2) Reaction of alkanolamines and acrylonitrile afforded 3-(2-hydroxyalkylamino)-propionitrile, whose catalytic reduction over Raney nickel gave N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-1, 3-propylenediamines (yield, 70-78% from acrylonitrile). Dehydrative cyclization of these compounds in an autoclave afforded 2-methylhomopiperazine (yield, 44.7%) and 2, 3-dimethylhomopiperazine (yield, 39.1%).The C-alkylhomopiperazines obtained by the foregoing two kinds of reaction were found to be identical by mixed fusion of their respective derivatives.
Detection and correction of aliasing in ultrasonic measurement of blood flows with Ultrasonic-Measurement-Integrated simulation (2005)

Detailed information of real blood flows is essential to develop an accurate diagnosis or treatment for serious circulatory diseases such as aortic aneurysms. Ultrasonic-Measurement-Integrated (UMI) simulation, in which feedback signals from the ultrasonic measurement make the simulation converge to the real blood flow, is a key to solving this problem. However, aliasing in the ultrasonic blood velocity measurement causes UMI simulation to converge to an erroneous result. In this paper, we have investigated the detection and the correction of aliasing in UMI simulation. The artificial force in the feedback of UMI simulation can be used as an index to detect the aliasing. We have proposed two ways for the correction of the aliasing. Correction A, in which measurement velocity is replaced with the computational one at the monitoring point where the aliasing is detected, substantially improves the accuracy of UMI simulation. Correction B, in which measurement velocity is replaced with an estimated Doppler velocity, can provide exactly the same result as that of UMI simulation using the nonaliased standard solution. Although correction B gives the most accurate result, correction A seems more robust and, therefore, a beneficial choice considering the other artifacts in the measurement.
Effect of Heavy Metals in Plants of the Genus Brassica (2015)

Several species from the Brassica genus are very important agricultural crops in different parts of the world and are also known to be heavy metal accumulators. There have been a large number of studies regarding the tolerance, uptake and defense mechanism in several of these species, notably Brassica juncea and B. napus, against the stress induced by heavy metals. Numerous studies have also been published about the capacity of these species to be used for phytoremediation purposes but with mixed results. This review will focus on the latest developments in the study of the uptake capacity, oxidative damage and biochemical and physiological tolerance and defense mechanisms to heavy metal toxicity on six economically important species: B. juncea, B. napus, B. oleracea, B. carinata, B. rapa and B. nigra.
Radio occultation atmospheric profiling from the Spire nanosatellite constellation and its impact on weather forecasting (2020)

In a relatively short time, Spire has grown from a small start-up company to the largest commercial producer of satellite-based GNSS Earth observation products. The Earth observations produced with Spire’s GNSS science receiver include atmospheric profiles performed by radio occultation (RO) and space weather observations (slant total electron content (TEC) and scintillation indices) using signals from the GPS, GLONASS, QZSS, and Galileo constellations. Spire now produces thousands of RO profiles and millions of TEC observations each day with low latency, with plans for over 100 RO-producing satellites in the full constellation. Due to its agility and rapid launch cycle, averaging launches of four to eight satellites every six weeks, Spire has the unique ability to improve performance and add capabilities on-orbit that are impossible with traditional, risk-averse satellite missions. Spire has provided RO and space weather data to the second NOAA Commercial Weather Data Pilot program, the US Air Force Commercial Weather Data Pilot program, ESA, and numerous NWP centers and research institutions. Spire is also pioneering the provision of Earth observation data to NASA and ESA researchers through unique data purchase programs. In this talk, we will overview the status and capabilities of the Spire satellites and describe the collection of RO profiles from the GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and QZSS constellations specifically for numerical weather prediction (NWP) applications. We will also describe precise orbit determination of our low Earth orbiting satellites and inversion of the RO profiles. We will show the statistical characteristics of our products, focusing primarily on bending angle and discussing the factors affecting the quality of the profiles. We will also present third-party evaluations of Spire RO data that highlight their quality and impact through assimilation on weather forecasting. Finally, we will outline our plans for expanding the Spire RO constellation in the future.
Serum thymosin alpha 1 levels in normal and pathological conditions (2018)

Low serum Ta1 levels are predictive and/or associated with different pathological conditions. In case of Ta1 treatment, it is crucial to know the patient's baseline serum Ta1 level to establish effective treatment protocols and monitor their effectiveness over time.
Keeping Children Healthy During and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Meeting Youth Physical Activity Needs (2021)

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to: 1) examine the maintenance of Physical Education and physical activity during the distance learning time, 2) determine the resources educators are utilizing to deliver PE curricula, and 3) understand the challenges experienced by educators during distance learning. Methods: A survey was sent to a cohort of school-based fitness assessment software users. Respondents were largely school-based individuals including PE teachers (n= 1,789), school (n=62), and district administrators (n=64). nurses (n=3), and “other” (n =522). Results: Of 2,440 respondents, most were from a city or suburb (69.7%), elementary or middle school (72.3%), and had Title 1 status, an indicator of low socioeconomic status, (60.4%). Most campuses were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic (97.8%). Of the schools closed during the pandemic, only 2.8% had no prior PE requirements and that increased to 21% during the pandemic. In schools that remained open during the pandemic, 7.7% had no prior PE requirements and this increased to 60.5%. Importantly, 79% of respondents reported that students were either “significantly less” or “somewhat less” physically active during the closure. For closed schools, the most frequently cited challenges included “student access to online learning“, “teacher/student communication” and “teacher remote work arrangements”. For open schools, the most commonly reported challenges included “social distancing”, “access to gymnasium/equipment”, and “concern for personal health and wellbeing”. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused important reductions in PE requirements and time engaged in physical activity. Challenges experienced by teachers were identified for closed and open schools.
Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory - Transonic (AAOL-T) (2015)

Abstract : This report covers the third year of the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory-Transonic (AAOL-T) program. Aero-optics severely limits an airborne directed-energy systems lethal field of regard; aero-optics refers to the deleterious effect that the density fluctuations in the flow have on an airborne optical system. The AAOL-T program studies aero-optical aberration problems from experimental, theoretical and computational approaches; the most unique part of the program is that we also perform flight tests using Falcon 10s, capable of testing at greater than Mach 0.8.The program makes use of two aircraft, one to project a small-aperture, diverging beam toward an optical turret on the second, laboratory aircraft. The third year of the program has been productive with thirty-one flights flown in support of both the baseline program and to support AFRL/DARPA 40 ABC Turret testing, of which 5 flights plus seven at the end of September 2014 were under the baseline program. During the baseline program, extensive measurements of aero-optical environment around both hemisphere-on-cylinder and hemisphere-only turrets were performed for Mach range between 0.5 and 0.8.
ChemInform Abstract: La(OTf)3‐Catalyzed 6‐endo Epoxide Opening of 4,5‐Epoxy‐4‐methoxymethyl‐ 1‐hexanols. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cyclic Properties of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Bars (2003)

This study evaluates the properties of superelastic Ni–Ti shape memory alloys under cyclic loading to assess their potential for applications in seismic resistant design and retrofit. Shape memory alloy wire and bars are tested to evaluate the effect of bar size and loading history on the strength, equivalent damping, and recentering properties of the shape memory alloys in superelastic form. The bars are tested under both quasistatic and dynamic loading. The results show that nearly ideal superelastic properties can be obtained in both wire and bar form of the superelastic Ni–Ti shape memory alloys. However, the wire form of the shape memory alloys show higher strength and damping properties compared with the bars. The recentering capabilities (based on residual strains) are not affected by section size. Overall, the damping potential of shape memory alloys in superelastic form is low for both wire and bars, typically less than 7% equivalent viscous damping. Cyclical strains greater than 6% lead to degradation in the damping and recentering properties of the shape memory alloys. Strain rate effects are evaluated by subjecting the shape memory alloys to loading rates representative of typical seismic loading. The results show that increased loading rates lead to decreases in the equivalent damping, but have negligible effects on the recentering properties of the shape memory alloys.
Lib-INVENT: Reaction Based Generative Scaffold Decoration for in silico Library Design (2021)

Due to the strong relationship between desired molecular activity to its structural core, screening of focused, core sharing chemical libraries is a key step in lead optimisation. Despite the plethora of current research focused on in silico methods for molecule generation, to our knowledge, no tool capable of designing such libraries has been proposed. In this work, we present a novel tool for de novo drug design called Lib-INVENT. This is capable of rapidly proposing chemical libraries of compounds sharing the same core while maximising a range of desirable properties. To further help the process of designing focused libraries, the user can list specific chemical reactions that can be used for the library creation. Lib-INVENT is therefore a flexible tool for generating virtual chemical libraries for lead optimisation in a broad range of scenarios. Additionally, the shared core ensures that the compounds in the library are similar, possessing desirable properties and can be also synthesized under the same or similar conditions.
Generating Independent Preionizing Pulses for Lasers (1986)

Simple pulse-coupling winding on saturable reactor core lets core act as pulse transformer, passing preionizing pulse from winding to tapered transmission line, then to laser. Laser prepared for independent firing pulse, which follows preionizing pulse. Winding is simple, light in weight, low in bulk and power consumption, and inexpensive.
Adaptive type-II hybrid broadcast ARQ system (1996)

In this letter, a type-II hybrid broadcast automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) scheme with adaptive forward error correction (AFEC) using BCH codes is proposed and analyzed. The basic idea in the proposed scheme is to increase the error correcting capability of BCH codes according to each channel state using incremental redundancy. The numerical results for the analysis and the simulation show that the proposed scheme maintains high throughput even if channels become noisy and the number of receivers is large.
Structure–Activity–Stability Relationships for Space-Confined PtxNiy Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2016)

This study focuses on the synthesis and electrochemical performance (i.e, activity and stability) of advanced electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), made of Pt–Ni nanoparticles embedded in hollow graphitic spheres (HGS). The mechanism of the confined space alloying, that is, the controlled alloying of bimetallic precursors with different compositions (i.e., Pt3Ni, PtNi, and PtNi3) within the HGS mesoporous shell, was examined in detail. It was found that the presence of platinum during the reduction step, as well as the application of high annealing temperatures (at least 850 °C for 3.5h in Ar), are necessary conditions to achieve the complete encapsulation and the full stability of the catalysts. The evolution of the activity, the electrochemical surface area, and the residual alloy composition of the Pt–Ni@HGS catalysts was thoroughly monitored (at the macro- and nanoscale level) under different degradation conditions. After the initial activation, the embedded Pt–Ni nanoparticles (3–4 nm in size) yield mass activities that are 2- to 3.5-fold higher than that of pure Pt@HGS (depending on the alloy composition). Most importantly, it is demonstrated that under the normal operation range of an ORR catalyst in PEM-FCs (potential excursions between 0.4 and 1.0 VRHE) both the nanoparticle-related degradation pathways (particle agglomeration) and dealloying phenomena are effectively suppressed, irrespectively of the alloy composition. Thus, the initial enhanced activity is completely maintained over an extended degradation protocol. In addition, owing to the peculiar configuration of the catalysts consisting of space-confined nanoparticles, it was possible to elucidate the impact of the dealloying process (as a function of alloy composition and severity of the degradation protocols) separately from other parallel phenomena, providing valuable insight into this elusive degradation mechanism.
Usefulness of Combined Gastric and Esophageal pH Monitoring in Detecting Gastroesophageal Alkaline and Mixed Reflux (1984)

96 patients with 'typical' symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were studied by means of combined gastric and esophageal pH monitoring. The aim was to assess the incidence of 'alkaline' and 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux episodes as well as 'acid' reflux and their reciprocal relationship with esophagitis. 'Alkaline' gastroesophageal reflux was defined whenever the pH in the esophagus rose above 7, but only when there was a simultaneous or immediately previous rise of gastric pH to similar alkaline values resulting from duodenogastric reflux. 'Mixed' gastroesophageal reflux was defined whenever the pH in the esophagus dropped to 5.5-4.5, but only when there was a simultaneous or immediately previous rise of gastric pH above 4 related to duodenogastric reflux. Our data suggest that 'alkaline' gastroesophageal reflux is a rare phenomenon while 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux episodes are present in 21% of these patients. 87% of patients with mixed reflux had esophagitis. Until analytical studies of refluxed material are available to clarify its composition, combined gastric and esophageal pH monitoring seems a useful test to correctly interpret the 'alkaline' and 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux.
Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology (2017)

- The guideline provides a framework for the multiple steps, including laboratory testing, in the evaluation of acute leukemia samples. Some aspects of the guideline, especially molecular genetic testing in acute leukemia, are rapidly changing with new supportive literature, which will require on-going updates for the guideline to remain relevant.
The physical chemistry of the differential rates of permeation of ions across porous membranes (1956)

R. Neihof and K. Sollner, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1956, 21, 94 DOI: 10.1039/DF9562100094
Multi sensor system for pedestrian tracking and activity recognition in indoor environments (2016)

The widespread use of mobile devices and the rise of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have allowed mobile tracking applications to become very valuable in outdoor environments. However, tracking pedestrians in indoor environments is still a very challenging topic. This paper presents a system for pedestrian tracking and activity recognition in indoor environments using exclusively common off-the-shelf sensors embedded in smartphones. The proposed system combines the detection of biomechanical patterns of the human body while accomplishing basic activities along with identifiable signatures that certain indoor locations introduce on sensing data. The system was implemented and tested on Android-based mobile phones. The system detects and counts steps on a flat surface or stairs, tracks users' changes of direction and altitude, and recognises the proposed human activities with accuracy. All combined this leads to a total tracking accuracy of 91.06% in common human motion indoor displacements.
Unlicensed NK cells target neuroblastoma following anti-GD2 antibody treatment (2012)

Survival outcomes for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) have significantly improved with anti-disialoganglioside GD2 mAb therapy, which promotes NK cell activation through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NK cell activation requires an interaction between inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands. NK cells lacking KIRs that are specific for self HLA are therefore "unlicensed" and hyporesponsive. mAb-treated NB patients lacking HLA class I ligands for their inhibitory KIRs have significantly higher survival rates, suggesting that NK cells expressing KIRs for non-self HLA are mediating tumor control in these individuals. We found that, in the presence of mAb, both licensed and unlicensed NK cells are highly activated in vitro. However, HLA class I expression on NB cell lines selectively inhibited licensed NK cell activity, permitting primarily unlicensed NK cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results indicate that unlicensed NK cells play a key antitumor role in patients undergoing mAb therapy via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, thus explaining the potent "missing KIR ligand" benefit in patients with NB.
GAIN domain–mediated cleavage is required for activation of G protein–coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) by its natural ligands and a small-molecule agonist (2019)

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) represent a distinct family of GPCRs that regulate several developmental and physiological processes. Most aGPCRs undergo GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing domain-mediated protein cleavage, which produces a cryptic tethered agonist (termed Stachel (stinger)), and cleavage-dependent and -independent aGPCR signaling mechanisms have been described. aGPCR G1 (ADGRG1 or G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56)) has pleiotropic functions in the development of multiple organ systems, which has broad implications for human diseases. To date, two natural GPR56 ligands, collagen III and tissue transglutaminase (TG2), and one small-molecule agonist, 3-α-acetoxydihydrodeoxygedunin (3-α-DOG), have been identified, in addition to a synthetic peptide, P19, that contains seven amino acids of the native Stachel sequence. However, the mechanisms by which these natural and small-molecule agonists signal through GPR56 remain unknown. Here we engineered a noncleavable receptor variant that retains signaling competence via the P19 peptide. We demonstrate that both natural and small-molecule agonists can activate only cleaved GPR56. Interestingly, TG2 required both receptor cleavage and the presence of a matrix protein, laminin, to activate GPR56, whereas collagen III and 3-α-DOG signaled without any cofactors. On the other hand, both TG2/laminin and collagen III activate the receptor by dissociating the N-terminal fragment from its C-terminal fragment, enabling activation by the Stachel sequence, whereas P19 and 3-α-DOG initiate downstream signaling without disengaging the N-terminal fragment from its C-terminal fragment. These findings deepen our understanding of how GPR56 signals via natural ligands, and a small-molecule agonist may be broadly applicable to other aGPCR family members.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Use among Patients with Psoriasis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study (2016)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used for patients with psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate TCM usage in patients with psoriasis. We analyzed a cohort of one million individuals representing the 23 million enrollees randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We identified 28,510 patients newly diagnosed with psoriasis between 2000 and 2010. Among them, 20,084 (70.4%) patients were TCM users. Patients who were female, younger, white-collar workers and lived in urbanized area tended to be TCM users. The median interval between the initial diagnosis of psoriasis to the first TCM consultation was 12 months. More than half (<i>N</i> = 11,609; 57.8%) of the TCM users received only Chinese herbal medicine. Win-qing-yin and Bai-xian-pi were the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula and single herb, respectively. The core prescription pattern comprised Mu-dan-pi, Wen-qing-yin, Zi-cao, Bai-xian-pi, and Di-fu-zi. Patients preferred TCM than Western medicine consultations when they had metabolic syndrome, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia areata, Crohn's disease, cancer, depression, fatty liver, chronic airway obstruction, sleep disorder, and allergic rhinitis. In conclusion, TCM use is popular among patients with psoriasis in Taiwan. Future clinical trials to investigate its efficacy are warranted.