gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Sr2Fe1,5Mo0,5O6-δ Based Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (2023)

Solid oxide electrolysis cells were made with (La 0,6 Sr 0,4 ) 0,99 Co 0,96 Ti 0,04 O 3-δ (LSCT) and (La 0.6 Sr 0.4 ) 0.95 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF) air electrode materials and Sr 2 Fe 1.5 Mo 0.5 O 6-δ (SFM) and SFM/ Ce 1-x Gd x O 2−δ (GDC) fuel electrodes. LSCF has shown significantly higher electrochemical activity when compared to LSCT electrode while at the same time LSCT has proven to be more stable. SFM/GDC fuel electrode demonstrates significant electrochemical activity in electrolysis mode when compared to pure SFM electrode. Additionally, modified method to synthesize electrode powders with different particle size distributions via spray pyrolysis method was developed.
Machine Learning Aided Interpretable Approach for Single Nucleotide-Based DNA Sequencing using a Model Nanopore (2022)

Solid-state nanopore-based electrical detection of DNA nucleotides with the quantum tunneling technique has emerged as a powerful strategy to be the next-generation sequencing technology. However, experimental complexity has been a foremost obstacle in achieving a more accurate high-throughput analysis with industrial scalability. Here, with one of the nucleotide training data sets of a model monolayer gold nanopore, we have predicted the transmission function for all other nucleotides with root-mean-square error scores as low as 0.12 using the optimized eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) model. Further, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis helped in exploring the interpretability of the XGBR model prediction and revealed the complex relationship between the molecular properties of nucleotides and their transmission functions by both global and local interpretable explanations. Hence, experimental integration of our proposed machine-learning-assisted transmission function prediction method can offer a new direction for the realization of cheap, accurate, and ultrafast DNA sequencing.
Correction for the Hematocrit Bias in Dried Blood Spot Analysis Using a Nondestructive, Single-Wavelength Reflectance-Based Hematocrit Prediction Method (2017)

The hematocrit (Hct) effect is one of the most important hurdles currently preventing more widespread implementation of quantitative dried blood spot (DBS) analysis in a routine context. Indeed, the Hct may affect both the accuracy of DBS methods as well as the interpretation of DBS-based results. We previously developed a method to determine the Hct of a DBS based on its hemoglobin content using noncontact diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Despite the ease with which the analysis can be performed (i.e., mere scanning of the DBS) and the good results that were obtained, the method did require a complicated algorithm to derive the total hemoglobin content from the DBS's reflectance spectrum. As the total hemoglobin was calculated as the sum of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and hemichrome, the three main hemoglobin derivatives formed in DBS upon aging, the reflectance spectrum needed to be unmixed to determine the quantity of each of these derivatives. We now simplified the method by only using the reflectance at a single wavelength, located at a quasi-isosbestic point in the reflectance curve. At this wavelength, assuming 1-to-1 stoichiometry of the aging reaction, the reflectance is insensitive to the hemoglobin degradation and only scales with the total amount of hemoglobin and, hence, the Hct. This simplified method was successfully validated. At each quality control level as well as at the limits of quantitation (i.e., 0.20 and 0.67) bias, intra- and interday imprecision were within 10%. Method reproducibility was excellent based on incurred sample reanalysis and surpassed the reproducibility of the original method. Furthermore, the influence of the volume spotted, the measurement location within the spot, as well as storage time and temperature were evaluated, showing no relevant impact of these parameters. Application to 233 patient samples revealed a good correlation between the Hct determined on whole blood and the predicted Hct determined on venous DBS. The bias obtained with Bland and Altman analysis was -0.015 and the limits of agreement were -0.061 and 0.031, indicating that the simplified, noncontact Hct prediction method even outperforms the original method. In addition, using caffeine as a model compound, it was demonstrated that this simplified Hct prediction method can effectively be used to implement a Hct-dependent correction factor to DBS-based results to alleviate the Hct bias.
Formation of free-radical metabolites in the reaction between soybean lipoxygenase and its inhibitors. An ESR study (1989)

Recent studies showed that soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors like phenidone and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) reduce the catalytically active ferric lipoxygenase to its inactive ferrous form. Addition of 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) regenerated the active ferric form. In this paper, it is shown that in such a system the inhibitors are oxidized to free-radical metabolites. Incubation of soybean lipoxygenase and linoleic acid with p-aminophenol, catechol, hydroquinone, NDGA, or phenidone resulted in the formation of the one-electron oxidation products of these compounds. Free-radical formation depended upon the presence of the lipoxygenase and 13-HPOD. The free radicals were detected by ESR spectroscopy, and their structure was confirmed by analysis of the spectra, using a computer correlation technique. These data support the proposed mechanism for the inhibition of lipoxygenase by phenolic antioxidants.
<title>Video classification using speaker identification</title> (1997)

Video content characterization is a challenging problem in video databases. The aim of such characterization is to generate indices that can describe a video clip in terms of objects and their actions in the clip. Generally, such indices are extracted by performing image analysis on the video clips. Many such indices can also be generated by analyzing the embedded audio information of video clips. Indices pertaining to context, scene emotion, and actors or characters present in a video clip appear especially suitable for generation via audio analysis techniques of keyword spotting, and speech and speaker recognition. In this paper, we examine the potential of speaker identification techniques for characterizing video clips in terms of actors present in them. We describe a three-stage processing system consisting of a shot boundary detection stage, an audio classification stage, and a speaker identification stage to determine the presence of different actors in isolated shots. Experimental results using the movie A Few Good Men are presented to show the efficacy of speaker identification for labeling video clips in terms of persons present in them.
Explainable and Discourse Topic-aware Neural Language Understanding (2020)

Marrying topic models and language models exposes language understanding to a broader source of document-level context beyond sentences via topics. While introducing topical semantics in language models, existing approaches incorporate latent document topic proportions and ignore topical discourse in sentences of the document. This work extends the line of research by additionally introducing an explainable topic representation in language understanding, obtained from a set of key terms correspondingly for each latent topic of the proportion. Moreover, we retain sentence-topic associations along with document-topic association by modeling topical discourse for every sentence in the document. We present a novel neural composite language model that exploits both the latent and explainable topics along with topical discourse at sentence-level in a joint learning framework of topic and language models. Experiments over a range of tasks such as language modeling, word sense disambiguation, document classification, retrieval and text generation demonstrate ability of the proposed model in improving language understanding.
Review of Molecular Engineering for Horizontal Molecular Orientation in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2019)

Abstract Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are widely used in next-generation eco-friendly solid-state display and lighting technologies. Most key optoelectronic functions of organic films used in organic semiconductor devices are dependent on two important factors: the electronic properties of single molecules, and the molecular orientations. The molecular orientation has recently attracted considerable attention, and been recognized as a crucial parameter for determining key optoelectronic functions of organic devices, such as device lifetime, efficiency, ionization potential, and carrier mobility of semiconductor amorphous films. In this review, we discuss horizontal molecular orientation from a molecular engineering perspective considering the three essential layers of OLEDs: the hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and emissive layer. In addition, we address the future challenges of next-generation OLED materials.
VLSI implementation of early branch prediction circuits for high performance computing (2003)

In this paper, design and VLSI implementation of an Early Branch Prediction (EBP) circuit, based on a variation of the Carry Look-ahead scheme is presented. The key features of this design are low area, high speed (2 [log n/2]+1), and high modularity. This design out performs all the EBP designs presented so far. For 64-bit word length the early branch prediction is obtained in 679 ps as simulated for 0.2 /spl mu/m technology under typical conditions. Simulation and layout results for 0.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology show a 30% increase in speed with 25% decrease in area as compared, to recently published results.
Calix[n]metallocenyl[m]phyrins (n = 1, 2 and m = 2, 4): aryl vs. alkyl (2010)

The syntheses, spectral and structural characterization of metallocenes incorporated normal and expanded calixphyrins are reported.
In AF and HF, catheter ablation vs medical therapy reduced mortality and hospitalization for worsening HF (2018)

ACP Journal Club15 May 2018In AF and HF, catheter ablation vs medical therapy reduced mortality and hospitalization for worsening HFBrian Greet, MD, Paul Schurmann, MD, Anita Deswal, MD, MPHBrian Greet, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Paul Schurmann, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)Search for more papers by this author, Anita Deswal, MD, MPHMichael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2018-168-10-055 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMarrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, et al; CASTLE-AF Investigators. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:417-27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29385358Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Reference1 January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al.; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-76. [PMID: 24685669]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 May 2018. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 2018Volume 168, Issue 10Page: JC55KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiac ablationCathetersHeartHeart failureHospitalizationsLeft ventricular ejection fractionMortalityPatientsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 May 2018 Issue Published: 15 May 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
2008 Solar Technologies Market Report (2010)

The focus of this report is the U.S. solar electricity market, including photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. The report is organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of global and U.S. installation trends. Chapter 2 presents production and shipment data, material and supply chain issues, and solar industry employment trends. Chapter 3 presents cost, price, and performance trends. Chapter 4 discusses policy and market drivers such as recently passed federal legislation, state and local policies, and developments in project financing. Chapter 5 provides data on private investment trends and near-term market forecasts. Highlights of this report include: (1) The global PV industry has seen impressive growth rates in cell/module production during the past decade, with a 10-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46% and a 5-year CAGR of 56% through 2008. (2) Thin-film PV technologies have grown faster than crystalline silicon over the past 5 years, with a 10-year CAGR of 47% and a 5-year CAGR of 87% for thin-film shipments through 2008. (3) Global installed PV capacity increased by 6.0 GW in 2008, a 152% increase over 2.4 GW installed in 2007. (4) The United States installed 0.34 GW of PV capacity in 2008, a 63% increase over 0.21 GW in 2007. (5) Global average PV module prices dropped 23% from $4.75/W in 1998 to $3.65/W in 2008. (6) Federal legislation, including the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA, October 2008) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, February 2009), is providing unprecedented levels of support for the U.S. solar industry. (7) In 2008, global private-sector investment in solar energy technology topped $16 billion, including almost $4 billion invested in the United States. (8) Solar PV market forecasts made in early 2009 anticipate global PV production and demand to increase fourfold between 2008 and 2012, reaching roughly 20 GW of production and demand by 2012. (9) Globally, about 13 GW of CSP was announced or proposed through 2015, based on forecasts made in mid-2009. Regional market shares for the 13 GW are about 51% in the United States, 33% in Spain, 8% in the Middle East and North Africa, and 8% in Australasia, Europe, and South Africa. Of the 6.5-GW project pipeline in the United States, 4.3 GW have power purchase agreements (PPAs). The PPAs comprise 41% parabolic trough, 40% power tower, and 19% dish-engine systems.
Architecture and implementation of planar 4 &#x00D7; 4 Ku-Band Nolen Matrix using SIW technology (2008)

A new Nolen matrix architecture based on SIW technology has been proposed and presented for the first time. The matrix has been optimized by using the commercial software HFSS to operate from 12.25GHz to 12.75GHz. The fabricated prototype has performances in good agreement with simulation results. The measured power-split imbalance stays within 1 dB over the specified bandwidth. The proposed design technique has the advantages of low cost, light weight and ease of fabrication. This planar realization is of great interest for integration in more complex microwave systems such as multiple beam antennas.
Cross-lingual Transfer Learning for Dialogue Act Recognition. (2020)

This paper deals with cross-lingual transfer learning for dialogue act (DA) recognition. Besides generic contextual information gathered from pre-trained BERT embeddings, our objective is to transfer models trained on a standard English DA corpus to two other languages, German and French, and to potentially very different types of dialogue with different dialogue acts than the standard well-known DA corpora. The proposed approach thus studies the applicability of automatic DA recognition to specific tasks that may not benefit from a large enough number of manual annotations. A key component of our architecture is the automatic translation module, which limitations are addressed by stacking both foreign and translated words sequences into the same model. We further compare both CNN and multi-head self-attention to compute the speaker turn embeddings and show that in low-resource situations, the best results are obtained by combining all sources of transferred information.
A study of diffusional zinc and aluminum- and zinc-based coatings on steel (1997)

This article presents a study of aluminum (Al)- and zinc (Zn)-based diffusional metallic coatings on small, irregularly shaped pieces of carbon steel (CS). The Zn sherardized coating was applied in a purpose-built rotary oven, while the Al coating was laid on by cementing with halide-activated powders (pack cementation). The Al samples were coated with Zn to produce the Al-on-Zn (Al/Zn) coatings. Several techniques were used to characterize the coatings, such as: metallographic analysis, semi-quantitative morphological analysis of the different components, and thicknesses using scanning electron microscopy and micro-hardness tests. A comparative study of resistance to atmospheric corrosion was also carried out on the coatings. The samples that were exposed in a Venezuelan coastal testing station were catalogued as having one of the most aggressive atmospheres in the world (> C5 as per ISO 9223 for CS). It was found that the best iron-on-Zn coating (Fe/Zn) was produced at 350 C with a 3 1/2-h application time. The optimum temperature for the Al/Zn coating was 360 C with a 4-h application time. It was also determined that Zn and Al/Zn diffusional coatings on steel contribute significantly to its resistance to atmospheric corrosion, compared with galvanized steel.
Rheology of coal-water slurries prepared by the HP roll mill grinding of coal. Quarterly technical progress report number 11, March 1--May 31, 1995 (1995)

The objective of this research is the development of improved technology for the preparation of coal-water slurries that have potential for replacing fuel oil in direct combustion. Detailed investigations of the effect of solids content and chemical additives on the rheology of coal-water slurries, prepared with fines produced by the ball milling of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal, were conducted during the first phase of the research program. These experiments were to provide a baseline against which the rheological behavior of slurries prepared with fines produced by high-pressure roll milling or hybrid high-pressure, roll mill/ball mill grinding could be compared. The viscosity of slurries with high solids content is strongly influenced by the packing density of the feed material. The packing density can be significantly altered by mixing distributions of different median sizes, and to an extent by modifying the grinding environment. The research during this quarter was, therefore, directed towards: (1) establishing the relationship between the packing characteristic of fines and the viscosity of slurries prepared with the fines; (2) investigation of the effect of mixing distribution on the rheology; and (3) study of the effect of grinding environment in the ball mill on the rheology of coal-water slurries.
[Characteristics of endogenous proteolysis in preparations of human erythrocyte membranes]. (1988)

Endoproteolytic activity in human erythrocyte membrane preparations has been examined at 37 degrees C by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two-dimensional mapping has shown that the presence of leukocyte enzymes in erythrocytes prepared in a regular manner (centrifugation) cannot be excluded. Sedimentation in the 1.5% dextran 500,000 with the following erythrocyte purification on HBS-cellulose has made it possible to prepare erythrocyte membranes characterized by low level endoproteolytic activity without leukocyte enzymes. The marker peptide has been found. It is likely to be a specific product of the enzyme activity of membrane localization.
Combination of ribavirin and interferon-alfa surpasses high doses of interferon-alfa alone in patients with genotype-1b-related chronic hepatitis C (2000)

The purpose of this study was to compare interferon-alfa alone (12-month course with high initial doses) with a combination of interferon-alfa and ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 1b. Three hundred and seven patients were randomized into 3 groups to receive 6 mega units (MU) of interferon-alfa-2b subcutaneously 3 times weekly for 6 months followed by 3 MU for 6 months (n = 95, group A); 10 MU for 3 months followed by 6 MU for 3 months, followed by 3 MU for 6 months (n = 83, group B); or the group-A schedule in combination with ribavirin (n = 129, group C) for 4 (n = 46), 6 (n = 44), or 12 months (n = 39). Negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more frequent in group C than in groups A or B after 3 months of treatment (P <.006), at the end of treatment (P =.017), and at the end of follow-up (32.8%, 16.9%, and 14.1%, respectively, P <.003). A complete response (negative PCR and normal alanine transaminase) was higher in group C than in the other groups and when comparing 12- to 4- and 6-month combination therapy at the end of treatment (P =.05) and of follow-up (45.2% vs. 25.4%, respectively, P =.05). The greater efficacy of the combination was related to the higher rate of primary virological response and also to a decrease in the percentage of breakthrough and of relapse. In 1b-infected patients, the combination of high doses of interferon-alfa (6 MU) and ribavirin for 12 months appears to be the best therapy, with a high rate of sustained response.
Remote adaptive control and monitoring (2003)

This paper presents the development of a system to perform remote adaptive control and automation within a home. Based on an Internet model, it allows users to control and monitor a simulated lock device remotely using a commonly available web browser. Using Sun Microsystem's Jini Technology, the lock device is able to adaptively interact with other devices to form a network of services. This paper describes the research on various technology standards to build a smart home facilitating remote control and self-adapting to new devices. It will also presents the hardware setup, software design considerations and the strength and limitations of the system. Despite some limitations imposed by the hardware, the system proves to be a viable model for future home remote adaptive control and monitoring.
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting with Gaussian Mixture Replay (2021)

We present Gaussian Mixture Replay (GMR), a rehearsal-based approach for continual learning (CL) based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). CL approaches are intended to tackle the problem of catastrophic forgetting (CF), which occurs for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) when sequentially training them on successive sub-tasks. GMR mitigates CF by generating samples from previous tasks and merging them with current training data. GMMs serve several purposes here: sample generation, density estimation (e.g., for detecting outliers or recognizing task boundaries) and providing a high-level feature representation for classification. GMR has several conceptual advantages over existing replay-based CL approaches. First of all, GMR achieves sample generation, classification and density estimation in a single network structure with strongly reduced memory requirements. Secondly, it can be trained at constant time complexity w.r.t. the number of sub-tasks, making it particularly suitable for life-long learning. Furthermore, GMR minimizes a differentiable loss function and seems to avoid mode collapse. In addition, task boundaries can be detected by applying GMM density estimation. Lastly, GMR does not require access to sub-tasks lying in the future for hyper-parameter tuning, allowing CL under real-world constraints. We evaluate GMR on multiple image datasets, which are divided into class-disjoint sub-tasks.