gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoenzymatic Route to Both Enantiomers of a 1‐Isopropyl‐3a‐methyloctahydroinden‐4‐one Derivative: A Synthetic Intermediate for Sesqui‐ and Diterpenoids (2005)

Abstract On the way to a chemoenzymatic synthesis of a key intermediate for sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, 2‐methyl‐2‐(4‐methyl‐3‐oxopentyl)‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione was reduced with the whole cells of yeast biocatalysts. Torulaspora delbrueckii NBRC10921 reduced a cyclic ketone of three carbonyl groups in an enantiofacially selective manner ( re ‐face attack), but there was poor enantiotopic group selectivity between two carbonyl groups on the cyclohexane ring to yield a mixture of diastereomeric products. Candida floricola IAM13115 reduced mainly the pro ‐( R ) carbonyl group. In contrast, the reduction proceeded in an enantiofacially poorly selective manner to give another set of diastereomeric products. In both cases, another carbonyl group on the side chain worked as a ‘trapping arm’ of the resulting secondary alcohol. The diastereomeric products were effectively separated as the ‘ syn ’ or ‘ cis ’ isomer exclusively exist in the intramolecular hemiacetal structure, while ‘ anti ’ or ‘ trans ’ isomer being an equilibrated mixture of cyclic hemiacetal and open‐chain hydroxyketone ( ca. 0.7 : 1). Starting separately from the enantiomerically enriched products as above, both enantiomers of the target compound, a key intermediate for terpenoids, were efficiently prepared via stereoselective ring closure under pinacol coupling reaction conditions. Furthermore, a daucane sesquiterpene intermediate, a hydroazulene derivative, was provided after one‐carbon homologation of the six‐membered ring.
1242 Fabrication and Evaluation of Functional Oxide Thin Film by using Powder Jet Deposition Method (2008)

Powder Jet Deposition (PJD) method is one of the film forming technique& Ceramics films can be fabricated by this method Ytariastabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited on various substrates by PJD method YSZ thin film was fabricated in systemically changed substrates, particle sizes and carrier gas pressures. The microstructures of YSZ films were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). From this study results, the amount of deposition rate by PJD method varies according to substrate hardness and powder size. Similarly, the film structures are affected by substrate and powder size. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of YSZ film on Al_2O_3 substrate was measured as a function of temperature using impedance and two-probe A.C. method From this measurement, the amount of this film's electrical conductivity is good agreement from other studies of YSZ bulks. This result shows probability of application to high temperature ceramics devices such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), gas sensors.
Financing Jamaica's Rockfort Independent Power Project : a review of experience for future projects (1998)

The Rockfort power project in Jamaica is one of the first cases in which financing from multilateral financial institutions has been successfully used to mobilize private sector financing for a limited recourse project. This study examines the structure of the project, identifies lessons, and suggests ways to improve future transactions based on this experience. It reviews the project development and the bidding process as it evolved and the role of various parties, including the government, its agencies, the multilateral development banks, and potential bidders. It also provides an integrated discussion of the risk-sharing provisions outlined in the contractual agreements. The review also examines whether early expectations were realistic and makes recommendations for improving the process. Several of the project's features merit close examination for lessons that can be applied elsewhere. These include competitive bidding for the right to develop the independent power project and risk-sharing among the government, its agencies, and private investors, as well as innovative use of multilateral funding for limited recourse financing structures.
The Rhesus Macaque as an Animal Model for Hemophilia B Gene Therapy (1999)

We have determined the 2905 nucleotide sequence of the rhesus macaque factor IX complementary DNA (cDNA) and found it to be greater than 95% identical to that of the human factor IX cDNA. The cDNA has a large 3' untranslated region like the human cDNA, but unlike the human cDNA has two polyadenylation sites 224 nucleotides apart that are used for transcription of the messenger RNA. The deduced amino acid sequence is greater than 97% identical to that of human factor IX, differing in only 11 of 461 amino acids in the complete precursor protein. We found a single silent polymorphism in the nucleotide sequence at the third position of the codon for asparagine at position 167 in the secreted protein (AAC/AAT). All residues subject to posttranslational modifications in the human protein are also found in the rhesus factor IX sequence. The high degree of homology between the rhesus and human factor IX proteins suggested the possibility that the human factor IX protein might be nonimmunogenic in the rhesus. We tested the immunogenicity of human factor IX in three rhesus macaques by repeated intravenous injections of monoclonal antibody-purified, plasma-derived human factor IX over the course of more than a year and assessed the recovery and half-life of the infused protein, as well as in vitro indicators of antihuman factor IX antibodies. Human factor IX recovery and half-life remained unchanged over the course of a year in the three animals studied, and aPTT mixing studies showed no evidence for neutralizing antihuman factor IX antibodies. An outbred, nonhuman primate model that permits assessment of the level and duration of factor IX expression as well as vector safety would complement the use of other (mouse and canine) hemophilia B animal models in current use for the development of gene therapy for hemophilia B.
A Trial of a Comprehensive Nursing Rehabilitation Program for Nursing Home Residents Post-Hospitalization (2009)

This pilot study examined the feasibility of implementing a comprehensive nursing rehabilitation program (CNRP) designed to promote the physical functioning of moderately frail nursing home residents post-hospitalization. The 4-week to 8-week CNRP incorporated three interventions: the Capacity Intervention (improving strength and balance), Performance Intervention (fostering daily mobility and activity), and Facilitating Intervention (providing education, support, and stress management). A longitudinal design was used with a convenience sample of 24 moderately frail residents. The CNRP was found to be not practical as designed because the intervention occurred too close to hospital discharge, and many prospective participants did not "feel up" to participating in a voluntary nursing rehabilitation program in addition to other prescribed rehabilitation. Regardless, participants were found to be able to perform the exercises safely and the CNRP was easily implemented in nursing homes. Testing the efficacy of the CNRP with nursing home residents is recommended after the initial post-hospitalization period.
Dispersion coefficients of a protein and DNA fragment in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a function of parameters defining the effective gel pore size and particle size (1995)

The dispersion coefficient, D', of the representative homogeneous protein, conalbumin, decreases linearly as the polyacrylamide concentration increases from 4 to 14%T (2%C), and varies in a biphasic fashion as %C (Bis) is increased from 2 to 20%, with a broad peak between 5 and 15%C. D' increases linearly with the concentration of the initiator, potassium persulfate, in the range of 0.01-0.15%. D' remains constant when the field strength is varied from 5 to 15 V/cm. A DNA fragment (1857 bp) exhibits a constant D' in 4-6% polyacrylamide (2%C) at a field strength of 1 V/cm, and a linearly increasing D' at 5 V/cm, in analogy to its previously observed behavior in agarose gels. In solutions of uncrosslinked polyacrylamide, the decrease of the D' of conalbumin with polymer concentration is not significantly different from that in 2% N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide-crosslinked gels in the range of 4-14%T, while the decrease of mobility with polyacrylamide concentration is much steeper in 2% crosslinked compared to uncrosslinked polymer. Finally, delta (log D')/ delta T was found to be proportional to the retardation coefficient, KR (= -delta (log mu)/ delta T), in polyacrylamide gels. The ratio of -delta (log D')/ delta T over KR increases with field strength in the range of 5-15 V/cm.
Neck muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human frontal eye fields (2011)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive means of investigating brain function. Whereas TMS of the human frontal eye fields (FEFs) does not induce saccades, electrical stimulation of the monkey FEF evokes eye-head gaze shifts, with neck muscle responses evoked at stimulation levels insufficient to evoke a saccade. These animal results motivated us to examine whether TMS of the FEF (TMS-FEF) in humans evokes a neck muscle response. Subjects performed memory-guided saccades to the left or right while TMS (two pulses at 20 Hz) was delivered on 30% of trials to the left FEF coincident with saccade instruction. As reported previously, TMS-FEF decreased contralateral saccade reaction times. We simultaneously recorded the activity of splenius capitis (SPL) (an ipsilateral head turner). TMS-FEF evoked a lateralized increase in the activity of the right SPL but not the left SPL, consistent with the recruitment of a contralateral head-turning synergy. In some subjects, the evoked neck muscle response was time-locked to stimulation, whereas in others the evoked response occurred around the time of the saccade. Importantly, evoked responses were greater when TMS was applied to the FEF engaged in contralateral saccade preparation, with even greater evoked responses preceding shorter latency saccades. These results provide new insights into both the nature of TMS and the human oculomotor system, demonstrating that TMS-FEF engages brainstem oculomotor circuits in a manner consistent with a general role in eye-head gaze orienting. Our results also suggest that pairing neck muscle recordings with TMS-FEF provides a novel way of assaying the covert preparation of oculomotor plans.
Do ion tethered functional groups affect IL solvent properties? The case of sulfoxides and sulfones (2006)

The covalent incorporation of functional groups-specifically sulfoxide and sulfone-into the cation of imidazolium ionic liquids leads to significant, quantifiable changes in solvent parameters which in turn have important effects on the bulk properties of the materials.
Association of Public Health Initiatives With Outcomes for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at Home and in Public Locations (2017)

After coordinated and comprehensive public health initiatives, more patients received bystander CPR and first-responder defibrillation at home and in public, which was associated with improved survival.
A Novel Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization (2015)

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) has been shown to influence various cellular functions. As monocytes and macrophages (Mφ) express MMP8, we investigated if MMP8 played a role in macrophage differentiation and polarization. MMP8 expression was significantly increased during monocyte differentiation into Mφ. Monocyte-derived Mφ from MMP8-deficient mice expressed higher levels of M1-Mφ markers but lower levels of M2-Mφ markers than monocyte-derived Mφ from wild-type mice. Although Mφ from either MMP8-deficient or wild-type mice were inducible by interferon-γ into M1-Mφ, only wild-type Mφ but not MMP8-deficient Mφ could be induced into M2-Mφ by interleukin-4. However, MMP8-deficient Mφ exposed to conditioned culture media of wild-type Mφ developed a M2-Mφ phenotype. Compared with conditioned culture media of wild-type Mφ, conditioned culture media of MMP8-deficient Mφ contained a lower concentration of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an M2-Mφ inducer. Moreover, evidence also showed that the degradation of the TGF-β sequester, fibromodulin, was modulated by MMP8. The data indicate a previously unknown role of MMP8 in M2-Mφ polarization by cleaving fibromodulin and therefore increasing the bioavailability of the M2-Mφ inducer TGF-β.
Reconstitution of CD8+ T Cells by Retroviral Transfer of the TCR αβ-Chain Genes Isolated from a Clonally Expanded P815-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (2003)

Gene transfer of TCR alphabeta-chains into T cells may be a promising strategy for providing valuable T lymphocytes in the treatment of tumors and other immune-mediated disorders. We report in this study the reconstitution of CD8(+) T cells by transfer of TCR alphabeta-chain genes derived from an infiltrating T cell into P815. Analysis of the clonal expansion and Vbeta subfamily usage of CD8(+) TIL in the tumor sites demonstrated that T cells using Vbeta10 efficiently infiltrated and expanded clonally. The TCR alpha- and beta-chain sequences derived from a tumor-infiltrating CD8(+)/Vbeta10(+) single T cell clone (P09-2C clone) were simultaneously determined by the RT-PCR/single-strand conformational polymorphism method and the single-cell PCR method. When P09-2C TCR alphabeta-chain genes were retrovirally introduced into CD8(+) T cells, the reconstituted T cells positively lysed the P815 tumor cells, but not the A20, EL4, or YAC-1 cells, in vitro. In addition, the CTL activity was blocked by the anti-H2L(d) mAb. Furthermore, T cells containing both TCR alpha- and beta-chains, but not TCR beta-chain alone, accumulated at the tumor-inoculated site when the reconstituted CD8(+) T cells were adoptively transferred to tumor-bearing nude mice. These findings suggest that it is possible to reconstitute functional tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells by transfer of TCR alphabeta-chain genes derived from TIL, and that such T cells might be useful as cytotoxic effector cells or as a vehicle for delivering therapeutic agents.
TU-D-330A-07: A Fast Pseudo-1D Active Contour for Medical Image Segmentation (2006)

Purpose: A snake (active contour) is a deformable curve used in medical image processing to localize region boundaries. The time required for snake convergence to a solution is lengthened by increased data set size and complex external energy field computations. A new gradient vector flow (GVF) snake algorithm was developed to increase the convergence speed of the conventional GVF snake algorithm. Method and Materials: The new algorithm reformulates a 2D closed curve to a pseudo‐1D open curve. This transformation reduces the solution search space and the area for external energy field computation. Further, curve deformations are restricted to one dimension, thus reducing the complexity for both deformation and external field computation. A binary 512×512 test image was created and the algorithms were run using each of three initializations. Additionally, both algorithms were applied to a 512×512 thoracic CT section. Results: The new algorithm, on average, converged to a solution for the binary image in 11.1s compared with 14.6s for the conventional algorithm (24% improvement). The greatest gains were seen in the GVF calculation where the mean reduction in time for GVF calculation alone was 2.9s (32% improvement). The time for contour fitting was also consistently decreased, with a mean reduction for fitting of 0.6s (11% improvement). The new algorithm on average converged to a solution for the CT section in 4.01s compared with 7.15s for the conventional algorithm (44% improvement). Area‐of‐overlap measures for the contours generated by both algorithms exceeded 0.97 for both binary and CT test images.Conclusion: A new active contour algorithm was developed, and a consistent speed improvement over the conventional algorithm was measured. This new algorithm is compatible with other optimization techniques and shows potential for processing large medical imagedata sets.Conflict of Interest: S.G.A shareholder R2 Technology, Inc.
Spontaneous reinnervation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps after secondary breast reconstruction (2008)

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap is the gold standard of free flaps in breast reconstruction. However, until now little attention has been paid to reinnervation of the flap. The aim of this study was to examine the spontaneous reinnervation of the DIEAP flap after breast reconstruction. The study was cross-sectional, and included 29 women who had all previously had secondary reconstruction with a DIEAP flap after mastectomy for breast cancer. Pressure thresholds were analysed on the skin island of the flap using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. The measurements showed measurable sensation in 29 of the 30 flaps. Nine patients had normal or diminished light touch in one or more areas. We also found significant better pressure sensitivity when the medial was compared to the lateral side and the inferior to the superior side of the flap. Our data showed that DIEAP flaps reinnervate after breast reconstruction although there is no sensory nerve repair. We suggest that nerve ingrowth takes place from the sides and this seems to be more pronounced in the inferomedial part of the flap.
The prognostic value of p53 nuclear overexpression and MIB-1 as a proliferative marker in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (1997)

Quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of nuclear p53 and MIB-1 immunostaining inexpensively provides prognostic indicators in cases of TCC of the bladder.
Conception, fabrication et essai d'un émetteur/récepteur unidimentionnel pour un lithotriteur extracorporel à ondes de choc intelligent (2006)

L'objectif de cette recherche est de concevoir un émetteur/récepteur (ER) d'ondes de choc unidimensionnel pour le traitement des calculs rénaux par lithotritie extracorporelle. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du développement d'un appareil de traitement (lithotriteur) capable de localiser, en temps réel, une pierre chez un patient et d'y injecter l'énergie nécessaire à sa fragmentation. Ce lithotriteur promet d'être plus performant que la génération actuelle en réduisant simultanément la durée des traitements et les effets secondaires. Le concept proposé utilise la piézoélectricité pour la génération et la réception des ondes de choc. L'onde de choc est obtenue en comprimant temporellement l'énergie acoustique générée par un transducteur ultrasonore jumelé à un guide d'ondes. Cette compression est rendue possible grâce à une méthode de retournement temporel des ondes acoustiques dans une barre métallique. D'abord, une étude théorique de la propagation des ondes dans un cylindre est menée afin de comprendre l'influence de la géométrie et du matériau sur le pouvoir d'amplification du guide d'ondes. Des essais expérimentaux viennent ensuite appuyer les conclusions tirées des simulations. Les résultats obtenus confirment la supériorité du magnésium pour la mise au point d'un guide d'ondes en raison, entre autres, de son coefficient de poisson élevé et de sa faible impédance acoustique. Plusieurs méthodes ont démontré leur potentiel pour améliorer la quantité d'énergie injectée dans l'eau. Par exemple, l'utilisation combinée d'un coupleur et la saturation du signal d'excitation permet d'atteindre un gain de 15 sur la pression maximale p+ générée. Le prototype développé, bien que non-optimal, permet de générer une onde de choc de 30 bar dans l'eau à partir d'un transducteur de contact commercial conçu pour l'acier, et ce, avec un signal électrique ne dépassant pas «250 V. Bref, l'application des recommandations faites à la fin de ce document promet d'améliorer davantage les performances du prototype rendant possible la poursuite du développement du lithotriteur intelligent.
Dynamic Response of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Under Impact Loading (Open Access) (2016)

Abstract : BackgroundThe goal of the study is to understand the potential energy absorption benefits of components fabricated using fused deposition modeling additive manufacturing under high strain rate loading.MethodsTensile tests were conducted on 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) at different strain rates, according to the ASTM D638 standard, to assess its strain rate sensitivity under quasi-static loads. The tensile test was also necessary to determine the mechanical properties necessary to characterize the dynamic response of the ABS at high strain rates. The ABS specimens were subjected to high strain rate deformation through the use of the split Hopkinson pressure bar.ResultsDuring compression, a new phenomenon described as a multistage collapse in which the samples undergo multiple stages of contraction and expansion was observed as the impact load was applied. This multistage deformation behavior may be attributable to the ring formed around layers in the specimen due to the manner of fabrication which potentially absorbed and released the energy, thus acting as a multistage spring. As the velocity of impact increases, it is observed that the ABS capability for energy absorption decreased to where there was only one stage of compression equivalent to the initial stage.ConclusionThe multistage collapse of the 3-D printed ABS specimen indicates a potential for a novel energy absorption mechanism to be exploited at lower strain rates. Future work in the area should include more studies about printing orientation, as well as investigating the impact of the presence of the outer cylindrical ring on the overall dynamic response.
Analysis of multiple interval delay systems via sufficient and asymptotically necessary comparison system (2004)

We examine the stability of linear time-delay systems with several constant, unknown and independent delays, each residing within a known interval excluding zero. The delay elements are replaced with parameter-dependent filters, satisfying three properties, resulting in a delay-free comparison system. The robust stability of this finite-dimensional system guarantees stability of the original time-delay system. This result is unique in the sense that it does not require any a priori knowledge of the stability of the system for some fixed delay. It is shown that if the parameter-dependent filters are constructed in a particular fashion, using Pade approximations, an a priori known upper bound on the degree-of-conservatism of the comparison system may be provided, which is independent of the system data. In this case, the conservatism of the comparison system can be made arbitrarily small. An LMI formulation is then presented for stability analysis of the comparison system.
Intraoperative Hypotension and 1-Year Mortality after Noncardiac Surgery (2009)

This observational study showed no causal relation between IOH and 1-yr mortality after noncardiac surgery for any of the definitions of IOH. Nevertheless, additional analysis suggested that for elderly patients, the mortality risk increases when the duration of IOH becomes long enough. The length of this duration depends on the designated blood pressure threshold, suggesting that lower blood pressures are tolerated for shorter durations. The effect of IOH on 1-yr mortality remains debatable, and no firm conclusions on the lowest acceptable intraoperative blood pressures can be drawn from this study.