gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cationic Polymerization of 1,2-Epoxypropane by an Acid Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay in the Presence of Ethylene Glycol (2003)

The polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) catalysed by maghnite-H+ (mag-H+) in the presence of ethylene glycol was investigated. Mag-H+ is a montmorillonite silicate sheet clay was prepared through a straight forward proton exchange process. It was found that the cationic polymerization of PO was initiated by mag-H+ at 20 °C both in bulk and in solution. The effect of the amount of mag-H+ and solvent was studied. These results indicated the cationic nature of the polymerization A possible initiation pathway, via the transfer of protons from mag-H+ to the monomer, is proposed.
Data from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Low-dose CT screening can reduce lung cancer–related mortality. However, CT screening has an FDR of nearly 96%. We sought to assess whether urine samples can be a source for DNA methylation–based detection of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;This nested case–control study of subjects with suspicious nodules on CT imaging obtained plasma and urine samples preoperatively. Cases (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 74) had pathologic confirmation of NSCLC. Controls (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 27) had a noncancer diagnosis. We detected promoter methylation in plasma and urine samples using methylation on beads and quantitative methylation–specific real-time PCR for cancer-specific genes (&lt;i&gt;CDO1, TAC1, HOXA7, HOXA9, SOX17&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ZFP42&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;DNA methylation at cancer-specific loci was detected in both plasma and urine, and was more frequent in patients with cancer compared with controls for all six genes in plasma and in &lt;i&gt;CDO1, TAC1, HOXA9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SOX17&lt;/i&gt; in urine. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that methylation detection in each one of six genes in plasma and &lt;i&gt;CDO1, TAC1, HOXA9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SOX17&lt;/i&gt; in urine were significantly associated with the diagnosis of NSCLC, independent of age, race, and smoking pack-years. When methylation was detected for three or more genes in both plasma and urine, the sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis were 73% and 92%, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;DNA methylation–based biomarkers in plasma and urine could be useful as an adjunct to CT screening to guide decision-making regarding further invasive procedures in patients with pulmonary nodules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 7 (ELOVL7); A Target Enabling Package (2020)

The long-chain fatty acid elongases (ELOVL) catalyse the first rate-limiting step in the two carbon elongation of the acyl chains of fatty acids (FAs) greater than 12 carbons in length. Defects in these ELOVL elongases cause severe genetic diseases, such as Stargardt disease-3 and several ataxias, and knockout studies suggest roles in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. This TEP provides the first structural information for this family of enzymes which, coupled with mutagenesis and biophysical studies, demonstrates how substrates and products bind within the active site.
Multi-wavelength transceiver integration on SOI for high-performance computing system applications (2015)

We present a vision for transceiver integration on a 3 μm SOI waveguide platform for systems scalable to Pb/s. We also present experimental results from the first building blocks developed in the EU-funded RAPIDO project. At 1.3 μm wavelength 80 Gb/s per wavelength is to be achieved using hybrid integration of III-V optoelectronics on SOI. Goals include athermal operation, low-loss I/O coupling, advanced modulation formats and packet switching. An example of the design results is an interposer chip that consists of 12 μm thick SOI waveguides locally tapered down to 3 μm to provide low-loss coupling between an optical single-mode fiber array and the 3 μm SOI chip. First example of experimental results is a 4x4 cyclic AWGs with 5 nm channel spacing, 0.4 dB/facet fiber coupling loss, 3.5 dB center-tocenter loss, and -23 dB adjacent channel crosstalk in 3.5x1.5 mm<sup>2</sup> footprint. The second example result is a new VCSEL design that was demonstrated to have up to 40 Gb/s operation at 1.55 μm.
Cell Type- and Developmental Stage-specific Activation of NF-κB by fMet-Leu-Phe in Myeloid Cells (1997)

Chemoattractants induce a variety of phagocytic functions including transendothelial migration, degranulation, and the generation of superoxide anions. We report here that the prototypic chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLF) stimulates the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor that is central to the regulation of proinflammatory immediate-early gene expression. In freshly prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fMLF (1-100 nM) induced a kappaB binding activity that was receptor-dependent and involved the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-kappaB/Rel family of proteins. The activation of NF-kappaB by fMLF appeared to be cell-specific and different from the activation of NF-kappaB by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). Neutrophil preparations that responded to fMLF, TNFalpha, and lipopolysaccharides with interleukin-8 secretion did not show NF-kappaB activation, whereas N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-transfected HL-60 cells were responsive to TNFalpha but not fMLF for NF-kappaB activation. Differentiation of FPR-transfected HL-60 cells with dimethyl sulfoxide for 3-5 days conferred the capability of the cells to activate NF-kappaB in response to fMLF without a significant increase in the amount of FPR. These results identify NF-kappaB as a transcription factor that can be activated by the prototypic chemotactic peptide and demonstrate that this function is both highly regulated and dependent on signaling components specifically expressed during myeloid differentiation.
Angular Momentum of the Cosmic Background Radiation (1979)

The effect of a nontrivial conserved isotropic total angular momentum ${M}^{2}={{m}_{x}}^{2}+{{m}_{y}}^{2}+{{m}_{z}}^{2}$ on the equilibrium distribution of energy in a photon gas is examined. It is shown that the correspondingly modified Planck law takes the form $F(\ensuremath{\nu})=\mathrm{const}\ensuremath{\nu}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\mathrm{ln}[\frac{(1\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{2}})}{(1\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\nu}})}],$ where $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are parameters determined by the energy and angular momentum. This law provides a good fit to the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation observed by Woody and Richards.
Supplementary Table S2 from <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Activity of AMG 337, a Potent and Selective MET Kinase Inhibitor, in MET-Dependent Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;High-level focal amplification of MET is associated with sensitivity to AMG 337&lt;/p&gt;
New soft magnetic material with constant and adjustable permeability (1997)

New metallic magnetic ribbons with permeability of several hundreds and magnetic loss comparable to that of Mn-Zn ferrites were developed by crystallizing amorphous Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B ribbons. Although the magnetic properties of as-annealed ribbons showed remarkable instability, they were stabilized by exposing the ribbon to large flux density before usage. The permeability of the stabilized ribbons could be adjusted to the desired value by controlling the flux density exposed for stabilization. The stabilized permeability was constant up to 400 kHz independent of the excited flux density, as long as the excited flux density did not exceed the flux density used for stabilization.
Discovery and Evaluation of a Non-Zn Chelating, Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) Inhibitor for Potential Intra-articular Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2011)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a nonsystemic disease for which no oral or parenteral disease-modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) is currently available. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has attracted attention as a target with disease-modifying potential because of its major role in tissue destruction associated with OA. Being localized to one or a few joints, OA is amenable to intra-articular (IA) therapy, which has distinct advantages over oral therapies in terms of increasing therapeutic index, by maximizing drug delivery to cartilage and minimizing systemic exposure. Here we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a non-zinc binding MMP-13 selective inhibitor, 4-methyl-1-(S)-({5-[(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-carbonyl}amino)indan-5-carboxylic acid (1), that is uniquely suited as a potential IA-DMOAD: it has long durability in the joint, penetrates cartilage effectively, exhibits nearly no detectable systemic exposure, and has remarkable efficacy.
Gelsolin: a candidate for suppressor of human bladder cancer. (1995)

Human transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder frequently reveal chromosomal abnormalities that span a range between chromosome 9p12 and 9qter, even at early stages of bladder carcinogenesis. Because the gene that encodes an actin-regulatory protein, gelsolin, is localized in chromosome 9q33, we examined the expression of gelsolin in a number of human bladder cancer cell lines and tissues. In all 6 cell lines and in 14 of the 18 tumor tissues (77.8%), gelsolin expression was undetectable or extremely low in comparison with its expression in normal bladder epithelial cells. Furthermore, upon the introduction of the exogenous human or mouse authentic gelsolin cDNA into a human bladder cancer cell line, UMUC-2, gelsolin transfectants of UMUC-2 greatly reduced the colony-forming ability and the tumorigenicity in vivo. These results suggest that gelsolin plays a key role as a tumor suppressor in human urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
Making the most of patent literature (2009)

Abstract In theory, the patent literature has always been a valuable source of technical information but in practice, it was difficult to get hold of the actual documents and to grasp their meaning. Nowadays, several websites make it much easier and cheaper to access the patent literature and for USA patents, a powerful search facility is also available free of charge. To take full advantage of this easier access to technical information, a better understanding of why and how patents are structured is required. The present article aims at providing this background information and thereby facilitate the use of information provided by the patent literature.
Gut microbiota, chemotherapy and the host: the influence of the gut microbiota on cancer treatment (2018)

The gut microbiota exists in a dynamic balance between symbiosis and pathogenesis and can influence almost any aspect of host physiology. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota not only plays a key role in carcinogenesis but also influences the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer therapy. The microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapy via numerous mechanisms, including immunomodulation, xenometabolism and alteration of community structure. Furthermore, exploitation of the microbiota offers opportunities for the personalisation of chemotherapeutic regimens and the development of novel therapies. In this article, we explore the host-chemotherapeutic microbiota axis, from basic science to clinical research, and describe how it may change the face of cancer treatment.
LPS and cytokines regulate extra hepatic mRNA levels of apolipoproteins during the acute phase response in Syrian hamsters (1997)

Altered hepatic expression of apolipoproteins occurs during the acute phase response. Here we examined whether the acute phase response alters extra hepatic expression of apolipoproteins. Syrian hamsters were injected with endotoxin (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, or the combination of TNF + IL-1 and mRNAs for serum amyloid A (apoSAA), apolipoprotein (apo) J, apo E. apo A-I, and apo D, were analyzed. LPS increased mRNA levels for apoSAA in all tissues examined. LPS and TNF + IL-1 increased mRNA levels for apo J in kidney, heart, stomach, intestine, and muscle. Individually, TNF and IL-1 were less potent than the combination of the two cytokines. LPS decreased mRNA levels for apo E in all tissues, except for mid and distal intestine. TNF and IL-1 were less effective than LPS. LPS, TNF + IL-1 and TNF decreased mRNA levels for apo A-I in duodenum. mRNA for apo D decreased in heart, were unchanged in brain and increased in muscle, following LPS. The widespread extra hepatic regulation of the apolipoproteins during the acute phase response may be important for the alterations in lipid metabolism that occur during infection and inflammation as well as the immune response.
Screening for Small-Molecule Modulators of Long Noncoding RNA-Protein Interactions Using AlphaScreen (2015)

Long non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of molecules that help orchestrate key cellular events. Although their functional roles in cells are not well understood, thousands of lncRNAs and a number of possible mechanisms by which they act have been reported. LncRNAs can exert their regulatory function in cells by interacting with epigenetic enzymes. In this study, we developed a tool to study lncRNA-protein interactions for high-throughput screening of small-molecule modulators using AlphaScreen technology. We tested the interaction of two lncRNAs: brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense (BDNF-AS) and Hox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), with Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase against a phytochemical library, to look for small-molecule inhibitors that can alter the expression of downstream target genes. We identified ellipticine, a compound that up-regulates BDNF transcription. Our study shows the feasibility of using high-throughput screening to identify modulators of lncRNA-protein interactions and paves the road for targeting lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human disorders using small-molecule therapies.
Band gaps and light localization in partially ordered/disordered photonic media (2016)

Seminar at the University of Fribourg, Physics Department (Fribourg, Switzerland)
Inhibitory Effect of Androgen on Estrogen-Induced Prolactin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Accumulation in the Male Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland (1989)

Estrogens are known to exert specific stimulatory effects on basal and dopamine-inhibited PRL secretion and synthesis as well as on PRL gene expression. However, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone (P), although inactive alone, can reverse the effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on PRL release both in vivo and in vitro. Using castrated male rats, we have studied the effect of E2 (0.25 micrograms), P (2 mg), or DHT (100 micrograms) administered twice daily for 14 days alone or in combination on pituitary PRL mRNA levels measured by quantitative in situ hybridization. Treatment with E2 increased the accumulation of PRL mRNA by about 2.6-fold. Administration of P or DHT alone failed to modify PRL mRNA concentrations. However, DHT could prevent by 80% the stimulatory effect of E2 on PRL mRNA levels. Similar results were obtained by dot blot hybridization assay. The effects of sex steroids on PRL mRNA were closely paralleled to pituitary PRL content measured by RIA. The present data demonstrate that the effect of sex steroids on immunodetectable PRL result from a modulation of PRL mRNA accumulation. The sexual dimorphism observed in pituitary PRL content results from a 3.5-fold greater accumulation of PRL mRNA in intact females than in male rats. These results also clearly show that quantitative in situ hybridization is a powerful tool in the investigation of the regulation of gene expression in addition to providing valuable information on the localization of specific mRNA.
DBTBS: a database of transcriptional regulation in Bacillus subtilis containing upstream intergenic conservation information (2007)

DBTBS, first released in 1999, is a reference database on transcriptional regulation in Bacillus subtilis, summarizing the experimentally characterized transcription factors, their recognition sequences and the genes they regulate. Since the previous release, the original content was extended by the addition of the data contained in 569 new publications, the total of which now reaches 947. The number of B. subtilis promoters annotated in the database was more than doubled to 1475. In addition, 463 experimentally validated B. subtilis operons and their terminators have been included. Given the increase in the number of fully sequenced bacterial genomes, we decided to extend the usability of DBTBS in comparative regulatory genomics. We therefore created a new section on the conservation of the upstream regulatory sequences between homologous genes in 40 Gram-positive bacterial species, as well as on the presence of overrepresented hexameric motifs that may have regulatory functions. DBTBS can be accessed at: http://dbtbs.hgc.jp.
Analysis of the surgeon's grasp for telerobotic surgical manipulation (2003)

Applications of robotics in surgery to date have taken advantage primarily of the robot's accurate positioning capability. Robotics technology could also be applied to a telerobotic microsurgical system with the surgeon dynamically controlling the manipulator. A first step toward developing such a system is to understand the surgeon's grasp and dexterous movement strategies. Principles of the analysis of grasp are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigating surrogate cerebrospinal fluid matrix compositions for use in quantitative LC-MS analysis of therapeutic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (2020)

As quantitative analysis of biotherapeutics in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with LC-MS becomes increasingly widespread, there is a need for method developments towards higher sensitivity. By using artificial CSF (aCSF) in the development phase, the consumption of costly and sparsely available CSF can be limited. The aCSF compositions tested here were made from various dilutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rat plasma to mimic the total protein concentration found in CSF. Focusing on monoclonal antibodies, the aCSF was spiked with human immunoglobulin (hIgG) and prepared with the bottom-up analysis technique using LC-MS. Assuming that the composition of the aCSF would affect the digest, the response from aCSF matrices was compared with CSF from rat, monkey, and dog in terms of estimated sample concentration and matrix effects. The samples were spiked with hIgG in the range of 10 to 1000 ng/mL and volumes of 10 μL were transferred to sample preparation. The results indicate that BSA dilutions from 300 to 2000 μg/mL and rat plasma dilutions of 0.5-2% provide the most accurate concentration estimates when compared with rat CSF. 1000 μg/mL BSA did not produce significantly different concentration estimates for 500 ng/mL samples when compared with CSF from rat, monkey, and dog, and can therefore be used as aCSF for several different species.
Shared Cache for Multiple-Stream Computer Systems (1983)

Cache memory organization for parallel-pipelined multiprocessor systems is evaluated. Private caches have a cache coherence problem. A shared cache avoids this problem and can attain a higher hit ratio due to sharing of single copies of common blocks and dynamic allocation of cache space among the processes. However, a shared cache suffers performance degradation due to access conflicts.
Treatment preference and quality of life impact: ravulizumab vs eculizumab for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (2023)

<b>Aim:</b> Ravulizumab and eculizumab are complement C5 inhibitors approved for the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Ravulizumab requires less frequent infusions than eculizumab, which may reduce treatment burden. This study investigated patients' treatment preferences and the impact of both treatments on patient and caregiver quality of life. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Two surveys were conducted (one for adult patients with aHUS and one for caregivers of pediatric patients with aHUS) to quantitatively assess treatment preference and the patient- and caregiver-reported impact of ravulizumab and eculizumab on quality of life. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of aHUS, to be currently receiving treatment with ravulizumab and to have received prior treatment with eculizumab. Participants were recruited via various sources: the Alexion OneSource™ patient support program, the Rare Patient Voice recruitment agency, the aHUS Foundation and directly via a clinician involved in the study. <b>Results:</b> In total, 50 adult patients (mean age: 46.5 years) and 16 caregivers of pediatric patients (mean age: 10.1 years) completed the surveys. Most adult patients (94.0%) and all caregivers reported an overall preference for ravulizumab over eculizumab; infusion frequency was one of the main factors for patients when selecting their preferred treatment. Fewer patients reported disruption to daily life and the ability to go to work/school due to ravulizumab infusion frequency (4.0% and 5.7%, respectively) than eculizumab infusion frequency (72.0% and 60.0%), with similar results for caregivers. <b>Conclusion:</b> Adult patients and caregivers of pediatric patients indicated an overall preference for ravulizumab than eculizumab for the treatment of aHUS, driven primarily by infusion frequency. This study contributes to the emerging real-world evidence on the treatment impact and preference in patients with aHUS.
Rare earth metal complexes supported by 1,ω-dithiaalkanediyl-bridged bis(phenolato) ligands: synthesis, characterization and ring-opening polymerization catalysis ofl-lactide (2003)

Monomeric rare earth metal bis(phenolato) complexes [(Ls,s)Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}(THF)] (1a–4c) were isolated from the reaction of silylamido complexes [Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}3(THF)x] (Ln = Sc, x = 1; Ln = Y, Lu, x = 2) and one equivalent of tetradentate 1,ω-dithiaalkanediyl-bridged bis(phenol)s etbmpH2, ptbmpH2, edtbpH2 and pdtbpH2 in moderate to high yields. In contrast to the unsymmetrical scandium complexes 1a and 3a, the scandium complex 2a, the yttrium complexes 1b and 4b as well as the lutetium complexes 1c–4c show Cs or C2 symmetry due to the relatively fast dissociation of THF on the NMR time scale at room temperature. The monomeric structures of the complexes 2a and 4b were confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The six-coordinate central metal with the tetradentate ligand, the silylamido group, and one THF, adopts a C1 symmetrical configuration with trans(O,O) or cis(O,O) orientation of the two oxygen donors of the ligand. Distorted octahedral and trigonal prismatic coordination geometries are found for 2a and 4b. Substitution reaction with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione afforded the corresponding complexes 6b, 6c, 7c and 8b with dimeric structures and with trityl alcohol the alkoxide complex [(etbmp)Y(OCPh3)(THF)] (9). All new complexes efficiently initiated the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide in THF. High molecular weight poly(L-lactide)s with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn 1.15–1.41) were obtained using complexes 1a–4c. Dimeric β-diketonato complexes were only active in the presence of THF or excess isopropanol.