gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Diode Laser through Dentin (2010)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transmission of a diode laser through the dentin. Ten dentin disks of 1 mm in thickness were obtained from five extracted human molars. The surfaces of five disks were parallel to the long axis of the tooth, and the other five were perpendicular. The transmission of a diode laser through the dentin discs was measured by a power meter.The laser transmission ratio varied between 0.049 and 0.216. The laser transmission was affected by the orientation of the dentinal tubules of the dentin disks.
Efficient and thermally stable all-polymer solar cells based on a fluorinated wide-bandgap polymer donor with high crystallinity (2018)

Efficient all-PSCs based on PFBZ:N2200 were developed and achieved a high efficiency of 8.1%. The PSCs show high thermal stability and storability.
Editor's and Guest Editor's Memo (2017)

In this, the second of two issues on “Guidelines Gaps,” we are pleased to provide additional insightful articles and commentary on the challenges of following guidelines for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its heterogeneous group of underlying disorders at a crucial time in the evolution of medical treatments. We present these in the context of the sections of the European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society's guidelines 2015 treatment algorithm (as presented in Figure 2 on page 16 of this publication).As we stated in the previous issue, challenges remain—and will remain—regarding optimal treatment of patients with this rare disease. Not only are we adding to our armamentarium of new drugs, but daily we are gaining knowledge from our patients about the effects of different routes of administration, mono- versus combination therapy, and quality-of-life considerations as we try to balance the risks and benefits of newly-available tools to add to evidence in treating this unique population.We urge you, the clinician reader, to consider these two issues together as a source of more knowledge for you to apply as you optimize management for your patients. In addition to the actual guideline documents that have been offered by various organizations as means of guidance to practitioners, we offer the experience and perspective of leading clinicians in these two issues. We urge you to consider the challenges of guideline writing as described by Dr James Klinger in the previous issue along with topics including calcium channel blocker therapy, the state of monotherapy, and introduction of newer agents as you read in this second issue about combination and infusion prostacyclin therapies offered by Drs. Schilz and Myung Park. Plus, Drs. Nicole Ruopp and Harrison Farber present the gaps and controversies that factor into the uncertainties still remaining despite great gains in this field. As a wrap-up to the two issues, we offer a transcript of a lively discussion among Drs. Burger, Robert Bourge, Richard Channick, and Srinivas Murali, moderated by Dr Schilz, that touches on a multitude of experiences gained in treating PAH patients over more than two decades including risk assessment, treatment strategies, goal setting, escalation of therapy, and application of guidelines. We hope you will find these two issues to be thought-provoking and useful.
Unsteady Mass Transfer of Nutrients in Gels with Channels of Different Spatial Structures (2020)

The dynamics of the development of immobilized cells in a gel under conditions of limited mass transfer of nutrients across the interface was considered. The goal of this study was to find methods for effective cultivation of living microorganisms in the gel due to the correct choice of the structure of internal channels, when nutrients are delivered to the gel by the convective-diffusion mechanism. The variation of the relative intensity of transmitted light along the height of the agarose gel sample with living yeast cells during nutrient solution diffusion from the surface with time was determined by spectroscopy. The depth of the gel layer at which the vital activity of microorganisms is provided was evaluated. The possibility of forming time-stable linear and branching channels in the gel was established experimentally. The possibility of their stable use for convective supply of nutrient in the volume was verified. The tendencies of diffusion of nutrients from the channels in the gel with immobilized cells were determined. The 3D structure of channels that provides an increase in the efficiency of cell nutrition in the gel volume was discussed.
Exome Sequencing in 53 Sporadic Cases of Schizophrenia Identifies 18 Putative Candidate Genes (2014)

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, debilitating mental illness which has a significant genetic component. The identification of genetic factors related to SCZ has been challenging and these factors remain largely unknown. To evaluate the contribution of de novo variants (DNVs) to SCZ, we sequenced the exomes of 53 individuals with sporadic SCZ and of their non-affected parents. We identified 49 DNVs, 18 of which were predicted to alter gene function, including 13 damaging missense mutations, 2 conserved splice site mutations, 2 nonsense mutations, and 1 frameshift deletion. The average number of exonic DNV per proband was 0.88, which corresponds to an exonic point mutation rate of 1.7×10(-8) per nucleotide per generation. The non-synonymous-to-synonymous mutation ratio of 2.06 did not differ from neutral expectations. Overall, this study provides a list of 18 putative candidate genes for sporadic SCZ, and when combined with the results of similar reports, identifies a second proband carrying a non-synonymous DNV in the RGS12 gene.
Low-intensity Ultrasound Combined with 5-aminolevulinic Acid Administration in the Treatment of Human Tongue Squamous Carcinoma (2012)

We investigated the anti-tumor efficiency of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on human tongue squamous carcinoma SAS cell line using low intensity ultrasound (LIU) of 0.6 and 0.8 W/cm(2), plus 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Xenograft in vivo experiments using Balb/ca nude mice and MTT assays in vitro showed that ALA-LIU therapy significantly suppressed the proliferation of SAS cells. ALA-LIU therapy markedly enhanced SAS cell apoptosis rate compared to LIU alone. Based on TEM and fluorescence microscopy observations, there are notably morphology changes and seriously swollen mitochondria in xenograft tissues, and ALA-induced PpIX bond strongly to mitochondria of SAS cells. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting demonstrated upregulation of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3, and downregulation of Bcl-2 for both in vivo and in vitro cases after ALA-LIU treatment. Increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ALA-LIU treatment groups were found using 2, 7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Administration of the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suppressed ALA-LIU-induced apoptosis and the expression of mitochondria apoptosis-related proteins, which confirmed that the ALA-LIU induced SAS cell apoptosis is through the generation of ROS. The process initially damaged mitochondria, activated pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cytochrome c and suppressed the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, activated caspase-3 to executed apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway.
Impaired Calcium‐Phosphate Homeostasis in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers (1958)

Summary Hypocalcemia together with hyperhosphatemia occur commonly in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. It is suggested that these features are expressions of functional immaturity of the organism. The clinical implications of these findings have been discussed. The high incidence of tremor, hyperirritability and twitching in newborn infants of diabetic mothers may be related to hypocalcemia associated with hyperphosphatemia. Altération de ľhomoeostasie du phosphate de calcium chez les nourrissons nouveaux‐nés de méres diabétiques . Une hypocalcé, ensemble avec une hyperphospaté, surviennent couramment chez les nourrissons nouveaux‐née mé diabéues. II a été suggéré que ces carac‐téristiques sont des expressions ?une immaturityé de ľorganisme. Les implications de ces recherches ont été discutées. Ľindice élevé de tremblements, ?hyperirritabilityé et de clonisme chez les nourrissons nouveaux‐nés de méres diabétiques peut être apparentéà une hypocalcémie, associée à une hyperphosphatémie. Beeinträchtigte Kalzium‐ und Pkosphathomöostasis bei Neugeborenen zuclcerkranker Mütter . Herabsetzung des Kalzium mit Erhöhung des Phosphatgehalts im Blut kommt gewöhnlich bei neugeboren Kindern diabetischer Mütter vor. Die Vermutung wird ausgesprochen, dass diese Symptome der Ausdruck einer funktionellen Unreife des Organismus seien. Die aus diesen Befunden sich ergebenden Folgerungen warden erörtert. Die Häufigkeit von Tremor, Überreizbarkeit und Zuckungen bei neugebore‐nen Kindern von zuckerkranken Müttern mag möglicherweise mit der Hypokalzämie und Hyperphosphatämie verbunden sein. Homoestasis defectuosa del calcio‐josforo en el neonato de madre diabética. Los recién nacidos, hijos de madres diabéticas, presentan generalmente hipocalcemia acompañada con hiperfosfatemia. Se sugiere que estas dos characterísticas corresponden a una manifestatión de inmadurez funcional orgánica. Discusión de las inferencias deducidas de estos hallazgos. La alta inoidencia del temblor, hiperirritabilidad y crispaturas en los recién naeidos de madres diabéticas, pueden estar en relacion cón hipocalcemia asociada con hiperfosfatemia.
Isolation of Syringaresinol from Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen (2001)

A survey of lignans in Paraserianthes falcataria (=Albizia falcataria) which is one of the most important fast growing trees in tropical Asia was carried out, and syringaresinol was isolated from the methanol extracts of heartwood.
Venezuela: encrucijada de un modelo de desarrollo productivo (2007)

La macroeconomía venezolana parece sana y ordenada. Sin embargo, detrás de este panorama alentador se esconde un modelo de desarrollo productivo que exhibe importantes debilidades. Al tiempo que se profundiza un patrón de especialización basado en la explotación de los recursos naturales, se pretende encadenar a un sector enclave intensivo en capital en una economía de servicios intensiva en mano de obra de baja calificación. La idea de una “economía alternativa” formada por miles de cooperativas que se mantienen gracias a los contratos con el Estado genera todo tipo de inconvenientes: pone a estas pequeñas organizaciones a merced de las oscilaciones del gasto público, desincentiva la innovación y la competencia y crea enormes redes clientelares ineficientes. En definitiva, todo descansa en un Estado fortalecido financieramente por los ingresos petroleros, que hace poco para consolidar un sector industrial capaz de responder a los retos de un mundo globalizado.
A Novel, Diazonium-Phenolic Resin Two-Layer Resist System Utilizing Photoinduced Interfacial Insolubilization (1987)

This paper deals with a negative two-layer photoresist system utilizing a photoinduced insolubilization process at the interface. The bottom layer is a phenolic resin either with or without aromatic azide and the top layer is a photosensitive layer comprised of an aromatic diazonium compound and a water soluble polymer. Upon exposure to light, the diazo compound decomposes to cause insolubilization at the interface between the two layers. The system exhibits high contrast due to the combination of interfacial insolubilization and contrast enhancement by photobleaching of the diazonium compound. Patterns of 0.5 um lines and spaces are obtained using an i-line stepper and a resist system containing 4-diazo-N,N-dimethylaniline chloride zinc chloride in the top layer and 3-(4-azidostyry1)- 5,5-dimethyl- 2-cyclohexen-1-one in the bottom layer. Resists with varying spectral responses from mid-UV to g-line can be designed by selecting the kind of diazo compound used in the top layer.
The development of fluorescence turn-on probe for Al(III) sensing and live cell nucleus-nucleoli staining (2016)

The morphology of nucleus and nucleolus is powerful indicator of physiological and pathological conditions. The specific staining of nucleolus recently gained much attention due to the limited and expensive availability of the only existing stain "SYTO RNA-Select". Here, a new multifunctional salen type ligand (L<sub>1</sub>) and its Al<sup>3+</sup> complex (1) are designed and synthesized. L<sub>1</sub> acts as a chemosensor for Al<sup>3+</sup> whereas 1 demonstrates specific staining of nucleus as well as nucleoli. The binding of 1 with nucleic acid is probed by DNase and RNase digestion in stained cells. 1 shows an excellent photostability, which is a limitation for existing nucleus stains during long term observations. 1 is assumed to be a potential candidate as an alternative to expensive commercial dyes for nucleus and nucleoli staining.
Arthroscopic Bone Marrow–Derived Cell Transplantation in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Surgical Procedure, Technical Tips, and Results - Award Winner (2018)

Buda, Roberto MD; Pilla, Federico MD; Ruffilli, Alberto MD, PhD; Baldassarri, Matteo MD; Perna, Fabrizio MD; Stefanini, Niccolò MD; Pungetti, Camilla MD; Natali, Simone MD; Traina, Francesco MD, PhD; Giannini, Sandro MD; Faldini, Cesare MD
Reversible Modulation of DNA-Based Hydrogel Shapes by Internal Stress Interactions (2016)

We present the assembly of asymmetric two-layer hybrid DNA-based hydrogels revealing stimuli-triggered reversibly modulated shape transitions. Asymmetric, linear hydrogels that include layer-selective switchable stimuli-responsive elements that control the hydrogel stiffness are designed. Trigger-induced stress in one of the layers results in the bending of the linear hybrid structure, thereby minimizing the elastic free energy of the systems. The removal of the stress by a counter-trigger restores the original linear bilayer hydrogel. The stiffness of the DNA hydrogel layers is controlled by thermal, pH (i-motif), K<sup>+</sup> ion/crown ether (G-quadruplexes), chemical (pH-doped polyaniline), or biocatalytic (glucose oxidase/urease) triggers. A theoretical model relating the experimental bending radius of curvatures of the hydrogels with the Young's moduli and geometrical parameters of the hydrogels is provided. Promising applications of shape-regulated stimuli-responsive asymmetric hydrogels include their use as valves, actuators, sensors, and drug delivery devices.
Histopathological analysis of the synovium in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (2019)

Dorsoradial and anterior oblique ligaments were harvested during surgery in 13 patients with symptomatic trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, which had been graded preoperatively by a modified Eaton-Littler radiographic grading. Ligaments, including the periligamentous synovium, were stained with S100 protein, neurotrophic receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, calcitonin gene related peptide, acetylcholine, substance P, neuropeptide Y, noradrenaline, N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor and Met/Leu-enkephalin. The synovium was classified as showing no, low-grade or high-grade synovitis. Free nerve endings had higher immunoreactivity for substance P than for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor, enkephalin and noradrenaline. The synovial stroma had less immunoreactivity for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor than for noradrenaline, substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide. There was no relation between the grade of osteoarthritis and the visual pain analogue scale, synovitis score, immunoreactivity of all antibodies and quantity of free nerve endings or blood vessels. Synovium in trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis produces several neuromediators causing a polymodal neurogenic inflammation and which may serve as biomarkers for osteoarthritis or therapeutic targets.
The oral bioavailability of curcuminoids in healthy humans is markedly enhanced by micellar solubilisation but not further improved by simultaneous ingestion of sesamin, ferulic acid, naringenin and xanthohumol (2015)

Curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin) are poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolised and excreted. We investigated in healthy young and aged women and men if co-administration of adjuvants (sesamin, ferulic acid, naringenin, and xanthohumol) alone or in combination with micellar solubilisation improves the bioavailability of curcuminoids. A single oral dose of 98 mg curcuminoids was administered as native curcuminoids (NC), native curcuminoids plus phytochemicals (NCP), curcuminoid micelles (MC) or curcuminoid plus phytochemical micelles (MCP). Total curcuminoids were quantified in blood samples collected over 24 h. Based on the area under the curve, NCP, MC, and MCP increased the bioavailability of the major curcuminoid curcumin 8-, 88-, and 73-fold, respectively, compared to NC. No sex or age differences were observed. Thus, simultaneous ingestion of phytochemicals does modestly increase curcuminoid bioavailability, but does not enhance the large increase in bioavailability observed with micellar curcuminoids.
Polarization control of Raman spectroscopy optimizes the assessment of bone tissue (2013)

There is potential for Raman spectroscopy (RS) to complement tools for bone diagnosis due to its ability to assess compositional and organizational characteristics of both collagen and mineral. To aid this potential, the present study assessed specificity of RS peaks to the composition of bone, a birefringent material, for different degrees of instrument polarization. Specifically, relative changes in peaks were quantified as the incident light rotated relative to the orientation of osteonal and interstitial tissue, acquired from cadaveric femurs. In a highly polarized instrument (10(6)∶1 extinction ratio), the most prominent mineral peak (ν1 Phosphate at 961 cm(-1)) displayed phase similarity with the Proline peak at 856 cm(-1). This sensitivity to relative orientation between bone and light observed in the highly polarized regime persisted for certain sensitive peaks (e.g., Amide I at 1666 cm(-1)) in unaltered instrumentation (200∶1 extinction ratio). Though Proline intensity changed with bone rotation, the phase of Proline matched that of ν1 Phosphate. Moreover, when mapping ν1 Phosphate/Proline across osteonal-interstitial borders, the mineralization difference between the tissue types was evident whether using a 20x or 50x objectives. Thus, the polarization bias inherent in commercial RS systems does not preclude the assessment of bone composition when using phase-matched peaks.
Source-to-drain breakdown voltage improvement in ultrathin-film SOI MOSFET's using a gate-overlapped LDD structure (1994)

A gate-overlapped LDD structure was introduced to ultra-thin SOI MOSFET's in order to overcome the degradation in source-to-drain breakdown voltage (BVds) due to a parasitic bipolar action. By reductions in drain electric field and parasitic resistance at a source n/sup -/ region, the BVds was improved with almost the same current drivability as that in single drain structure. The behavior of the BVds on LDD n/sup -/ concentration was investigated by use of a numerical device simulator, and it was found that the electric field at a lower portion of the n/sup -/ region, which forms the current path, was relaxed effectively at an optimum n/sup -/ doping condition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12): Prelaunch Calibration and Validation of the SMAP Soil Moisture Algorithms (2014)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite is scheduled for launch in January 2015. In order to develop robust soil moisture retrieval algorithms that fully exploit the unique capabilities of SMAP, algorithm developers had identified a need for long-duration combined active and passive L-band microwave observations. In response to this need, a joint Canada-U.S. field experiment (SMAPVEX12) was conducted in Manitoba (Canada) over a six-week period in 2012. Several times per week, NASA flew two aircraft carrying instruments that could simulate the observations the SMAP satellite would provide. Ground crews collected soil moisture data, crop measurements, and biomass samples in support of this campaign. The objective of SMAPVEX12 was to support the development, enhancement, and testing of SMAP soil moisture retrieval algorithms. This paper details the airborne and field data collection as well as data calibration and analysis. Early results from the SMAP active radar retrieval methods are presented and demonstrate that relative and absolute soil moisture can be delivered by this approach. Passive active L-band sensor (PALS) antenna temperatures and reflectivity, as well as backscatter, closely follow dry down and wetting events observed during SMAPVEX12. The SMAPVEX12 experiment was highly successful in achieving its objectives and provides a unique and valuable data set that will advance algorithm development.
Dye Molecular Structure Device Open-Circuit Voltage Correlation in Ru(II) Sensitizers with Heteroleptic Tridentate Chelates for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Dicarboxyterpyridine chelates with π-conjugated pendant groups attached at the 5- or 6-position of the terminal pyridyl unit were synthesized. Together with 2,6-bis(5-pyrazolyl)pyridine, these were used successfully to prepare a series of novel heteroleptic, bis-tridentate Ru(II) sensitizers, denoted as TF-11-14. These dyes show excellent performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) under AM1.5G simulated sunlight at a light intensity of 100 mW cm(-2) in comparison with a reference device containing [Ru(Htctpy)(NCS)(3)][TBA](3) (N749), where H(3)tctpy and TBA are 4,4',4"-tricarboxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine and tetra-n-butylammonium cation, respectively. In particular, the sensitizer TF-12 gave a short-circuit photocurrent of 19.0 mA cm(-2), an open-circuit voltage (V(OC)) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor of 0.68, affording an overall conversion efficiency of 9.21%. The increased conjugation conferred to the TF dyes by the addition of the π-conjugated pendant groups increases both their light-harvesting and photovoltaic energy conversion capability in comparison with N749. Detailed recombination processes in these devices were probed by various spectroscopic and dynamics measurements, and a clear correlation between the device V(OC) and the cell electron lifetime was established. In agreement with several other recent studies, the results demonstrate that high efficiencies can also be achieved with Ru(II) sensitizers that do not contain thiocyanate ancillaries. This bis-tridentate, dual-carboxy anchor configuration thus serves as a prototype for future omnibearing design of highly efficient Ru(II) sensitizers suited for use in DSCs.
National survey of molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in Belgian cystic fibrosis patients (2007)

This first survey of S. aureus colonization in the Belgian CF population indicated a diversity in local prevalence rates and in proportion of oxacillin-resistant and SCV phenotypes, probably related to variation in bacteriological methods. These findings underscore the need for standard S. aureus detection methods and MRSA control policies in Belgian CF centres.
Do you know this syndrome? Type 2 benign symmetric lipomatosis (Launois-Bensaude) (2016)

A 57-year-old female showed bulky, loose tumors, which progressively spread to her arms, anterior chest, and back. She reported dysphagia and dyspnea after mild exertion. She denied alcohol consumption. CT scan of her chest showed no internal lesions. Benign symmetric lipomatosis is a rare syndrome, clinically described as multiple nonencapsulated lipomas of various sizes and symmetrical distribution. This syndrome has three known phenotypes; in type 2 (Launois-Bensaude syndrome), lesions occur primarily on the shoulders, upper arms, and chest, and is unrelated to alcoholism. It causes aesthetic deformities and might block the upper airways. Mediastinal invasion might occur as well.