gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of dental restorative materials on total antioxidant capacity and calcium concentration of unstimulated saliva (2016)

Patients who have dental restorations, especially dental composites, should pay more attention to their dental hygiene, because dental restorations can increase oxidative stress and decrease Ca ion level in saliva, which might jeopardize remineralization process of tooth structures after demineralization. <b>Key words:</b>Amalgam, caries, composite, saliva, total antioxidant capacity.
A 1.62–5.4-Gb/s Receiver for DisplayPort Version 1.2a With Adaptive Equalization and Referenceless Frequency Acquisition Techniques (2017)

We present a 1.62-5.4-Gb/s receiver for DisplayPort version 1.2a and propose an adaptive equalizer (EQ) with a peak-level comparison technique for eye measurement. A single comparator and an up/down unmatched-current charge pump are used to realize a simpler EQ architecture with low power dissipation. A referenceless frequency acquisition technique is also proposed. A time-to-digital converter-based pulsewidth detector supports the referenceless frequency acquisition within the range of 1.62-5.4 Gb/s. An XOR-gate-embedded charge pump and a half-rate linear phase detector were used to improve the jitter tolerance (JTOL) performance. The measured eye opening of the proposed EQ at 5.4 Gb/s was 0.68 UI with a -20-dB loss channel. The proposed receiver passed all the JTOL tests of the DisplayPort compliance specification version 1.2b. The power consumption of the receiver was 36.8 mW at 5.4 Gb/s. The receiver occupied a core area of 0.265 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 65-nm CMOS process technology.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC QUINONES. II. QUINOXALINE‐5,6‐(AND 5‐8)‐DIONES OF POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY (1982)

Abstract Das Chinoxalindion (I) gibt durch Reduktion gefolgt von Acetylierung das Diacetat (II), das bei der Bromierung in das Bromchinoxalindion (III) übergeht.
Combined deletion of Lgr4 and Lgr5 impairs embryonic mouse development (2015)

Lgr4 and Lgr5 proteins are known markers of adult and embryonic tissue stem cells in various organs. However, the role of these proteins in propagating and maintaining individual tissue stem cell compartments is still controversial. While it was reported that Lgr4 is dispensable for normal embryonic gut development, Lgr4 deletion functionally impaired maintenance of the postnatal and adult intestinal crypt stem cell compartment. Furthermore, concomitant deletion of Lgr4 in Lgr5-null embryos was able to rescue their perinatal lethality, whereas combined deletion of Lgr4 and Lgr5 in adult mice exacerbated the latter phenotype, suggesting antagonistic or complementary functions of both receptors, respectively. While the effects of Lgr4 deletion during embryonic skin and kidney development have been reported, combined deletion of Lgr4 and Lgr5 has not been studied to date. To elucidate the functions of Lgr4 and Lgr5 during intestinal crypt development and to study their role in developing kidney and skin, we generated homozygous mice lacking either Lgr4 (Lgr4KO), Lgr5 (Lgr5KO) or both receptors (Lgr4/5dKO). Lgr4 deletion resulted in loss of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and impaired proliferation in the developing gut of E16.5 mice, a phenotype that was not further increased nor ameliorated by combined deletion of Lgr4 and Lgr5 (Lgr4/5dKO). In skin, E16.5 Lgr4KO and Lgr4/5dKO mice displayed impaired proliferation of basal cell progenitors accompanied by reduced epidermal thickness and reduced numbers of hair follicles. In contrast to E16.5 Lgr4KO mice, Lgr4/5dkO mice did neither show dilated kidney tubules nor cysts. However, E16.5 Lgr4/5dKO mice showed impaired kidney cell proliferation which was not observed in Lgr4KO mice. In summary, our data show that combined deletion of Lgr4 and Lgr5 impairs embryonic development with a dominant role of Lgr4 and support a complementary rather than an antagonistic function for both receptors.
Longitudinal proliferation mapping in vivo reveals NADPH oxidase-mediated dampening of Staphylococcus aureus growth rates within neutrophils (2019)

Upon the onset of inflammatory responses, bacterial pathogens are confronted with altered tissue microenvironments which can critically impact on their metabolic activity and growth. Changes in these parameters have however remained difficult to analyze over time, which would be critical to dissect the interplay between the host immune response and pathogen physiology. Here, we established an in vivo biosensor for measuring the growth rates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on a single cell-level over days in an ongoing cutaneous infection. Using intravital 2-photon imaging and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we show that upon neutrophil recruitment to the infection site and bacterial uptake, non-lethal dampening of S. aureus proliferation occurred. This inhibition was supported by NADPH oxidase activity. Therefore, reactive oxygen production contributes to pathogen containment within neutrophils not only by killing S. aureus, but also by restricting the growth rate of the bacterium.
Primary Cultures for Studies of Cell Regulation and Physiology in Intestinal Epithelium (1994)

The transport functions of intestinal epithelium are critical to health, and defects in these functions underlie clinical conditions such as diarrhea, mucoviscidosis, and malabsorption of sugars, iron, lipids, and bile acids. Many of these conditions can be reversed by direct intervention using pharmacological agents, but inherited genetic defects such as cystic fibrosis (71) and glucose-galactose malabsorption (91) represent a different challenge for therapy. The development of new pharmacological agents depends upon physiological studies to identify, characterize, and understand the regulation of these cellular processes. Traditional techniques for studying transport processes, such as patch clamping and Ussing chambers, depend on ex vivo manipulation of mucosa. This has been achieved by physically dissecting sheets of mucosa (15) and by isolating intact crypt and villus epithelium with divalent ion chelating solutions (17). These methods provide important insights into transport function, but the short-term viability of the isolated cells is an important limiting factor. Organ culture was initially used as a method to maintain cell,S ex vivo for longer periods, but tissue cultured in this way was also
Oxidative Nef reaction of trifluoromethylated 2-nitroalkanamines (2016)

Oxidative Nef reaction of 2-nitroalkanamines or N-(2-nitroalkyl)carboxamides bearing trifluoromethyl group affords amino acids, amino ketones or hydroxyhydantoins depending on structure of the starting compounds.
Cationic Decamethylbimetallocenes of Cobalt and Nickel: Synthesis, Redox Behavior and Magnetic Interaction (1999)

Coupled cobalt and nickel sandwich complexes with one positive charge are paramagnetic mixed-valence species, in which the charge is delocalized in solution yet localized in the solid state. When the mono- and dications (figure) have more than one unpaired electron, antiferromagnetic interaction across the ligand bridge is observed. The pathway to the neighboring sandwich complex preferentially consists of particular ligand MOs, such that the spin resides on selected ligand nuclei.
Effect of Operating Conditions for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Synthesis Gas over Alkali-Modified Co-Rh-Mo Trimetallic Catalyst Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

The effects of operating conditions on the higher alcohols synthesis reaction from synthesis gas were studied in a single-pass tubular downflow fixed-bed reactor, using sulfided K-promoted trimetallic Co-Rh-Mo catalyst supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The p CO conversion increased monotonically with increasing reaction temperature (from 275 to 350°C) and pressure (from 800 to 1400 psi), while decreasing monotonically with increasing GHSV (from 2.4 to 4.2 m3 (STP)/(kg of cat./h)). To maximize the ethanol STY and selectivity, the optimum operating conditions were determined as 330°C, 1320 psi, and 3.8 m3 (STP)/kg of cat./h). Maximum ethanol STY and selectivity were obtained using gas with H2 to CO molar ratio around 1.25.
Cerebral blood flow velocity changes after rapid administration of surfactant. (1991)

A computer linked Doppler system was used to make continuous measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) from the middle cerebral artery, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from the umbilical artery, and heart rate before, during, and for 20 minutes after the endotracheal administration of 200 mg/kg of porcine surfactant in 10 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Within two minutes of surfactant administration, there was a median fall of 6 mm Hg (15%) fall in MAP and 36% in CBFV. There was a change in the Doppler spectra with almost complete loss of diastolic velocities. A rapid reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with consequent left to right ductal shunting is one possible cause. These acute changes in MAP and CBFV after bolus surfactant administration may increase the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage.
Manganese as Fuel in Slow‐Burning Pyrotechnic Time Delay Compositions (2010)

Abstract Manganese metal was evaluated as a fuel for slow‐burning delay compositions press‐filled in aluminium or compaction‐rolled in lead tubes. Oxides of antimony, bismuth, copper, manganese and vanadium were considered as oxidants. Measured burn rates for binary mixtures varied between 5 and 22 mm s −1 but slower burning ternary and quaternary compositions were also found. The addition of fumed silica to the Mn/MnO 2 system had little effect on the propagation rate but a low level addition of hollow glass sphere significantly reduced the burn rate. MnMnO 2 mixtures showed reliable burning over a wide stoichiometric range. In this system the fuel and the oxidant share a common metal. They combine to form the more stable intermediate oxide (MnO) releasing considerable quantities of heat in the process.
Effect of Interface Roughness on Magnetoresistance of[Ni/Mn] Superlattice-Based Spin Valves (2001)

The effect of interface roughness between [Ni/Mn] superlattice and pinned NiFe layer on magnetoresistance (MR) of [Ni/Mn] superlattice-based spin valve films was investigated. Antiferromagnetic phase structure and interface roughness of [Ni/Mn] superlattice spin valve films were compared in the as-deposited and the annealed samples at 240℃, respectively. Surface morphology of spin valves was substantially flattened due to the formation of the antiferromatic NiMn phase. In case of Co insertion between Cu and NiFe, the interface roughness and MR ratio in the annealed [Ni/Mn] superlattice and pinned NiFe/Co layer increased more than those in the annealed [Ni/Mn] superlattice and pinned NiFe layer, respectively.
A New MOS Process Using MoSi2as a Gate Material (1978)

MoSi2 film properties for a gate material in LSI were investigated. The film resistivity was 7×10-4 ohm-cm and decreased to 1×10-4 ohm-cm after annealing at high temperature. The structure was amorphous in as-deposited film and changed to polycrystalline with nearly 500 Å grains after annealing. The film oxidation rate was as low as that of poly Si, because of SiO2 formation on the film surface. The properties against chemical reagents used in LSI process were similar to those of poly Si. MoSi2 gate MOS device characteristics were investigated. A high speed ROM was fabricated with MoSi2 for gate material.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Imidotitanium‐Alkyne (2 + 2) Cycloadditions. A Concise, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of the Antifungal Agent (+) ‐Preussin. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oligomerization of Paramagnetic Substrates Result in Signal Amplification and can be Used for MR Imaging of Molecular Targets (2002)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a sophisticated, noninvasive imaging modality capable of high-resolution anatomical and functional characterization of transgenic animals. To expand the capabilities MRI, we have developed a novel MR signal amplification (MRamp) strategy based on enzyme-mediated polymerization of paramagnetic substrates into oligomers of higher magnetic relaxtivity. The substrates consist of chelated gadolinium covalently bound to phenols, which then serve as electron donors during enzymatic hydrogen peroxide reduction by peroxidase. The converted monomers undergo rapid condensation into paramagnetic oligomers leading to a threefold increase in atomic relaxtivity (R1/Gd). The observed relaxtivity changes are largely due to an increase in the rotational correlation time tau r of the lanthanide. Three applications of the developed system are demonstrated: (1) imaging of nanomolar amounts of an oxidoreductase (peroxidase); (2) detection of a model ligand using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay format; and (3) imaging of E-selectin on the surface of endothelial cells probed for with an anti-E-selectin-peroxidase conjugate. The development of "enzyme sensing" probes is expected to have utility for a number of applications including in vivo detection of specific molecular targets. One particular advantage of the MRamp technique is that the same paramagnetic substrate can be potentially used to identify different molecular targets by attaching enzymes to various antibodies or other target-seeking molecules.
A Comparison of Outcome of Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction and Shoulder Arthrodesis Following Resection of Primary Tumours of the Proximal Humerus (1998)

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the oncologic, reconstructive and functional outcomes of patients who underwent osteoarticular allograft reconstruction with those who underwent arthrodesis for a primary malignant bone tumour of the proximal humerus.Patients. Eleven patients were treated with osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the proximal humerus. Five of these reconstructions failed, necessitating revision to a secondary arthrodesis. Five patients underwent arthrodesis as a primary reconstruction, for a total of ten patients in the arthrodesis group.Methods. End points included local and systemic disease recurrence, complications and functional outcome (measured using the 1987 and 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Rating Scales (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS)).Results. One patient died of systemic disease 2 years post-operatively and one patient had an axillary node recurrence resected 10 months post-operatively and remains free of disease 53 months later. The other 14 patients were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of the last follow-up. Complications after the osteochondral allografts (n=11) included two infections, four fractures and three subluxations in eight patients. Six of these patients required removal of the allograft; one had a repeat osteochondral allograft and five were converted to an arthrodesis. Complications after arthrodesis in the ten patients (five primary and five secondary arthrodeses) included two non-unions, one infection and one fracture in three patients. Patients who underwent shoulder arthrodesis scored better in all outcome measures and this was statistically significant in the MSTS 1993 (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney U Test).Discussion. In this study, there was a trend towards improved function following arthrodesis compared to osteochondral allograft reconstruction following proximal humerus bone tumour resection.
Activation of expression of p15, p73 and E-cadherin in leukemic cells by different concentrations of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Decitabine). (2004)

The in vitro antineoplastic and gene re-activation activity of 5AZA is dependent on the concentration of this analog. These data may be helpful in the design of the optimal dose-schedule of 5AZA for the clinical therapy of leukemia.
A Survey on Segment Routing with Emphasis on Use Cases in Large Provider Networks (2020)

Segment routing is heralded as important technology innovation in large provider networks. In the domain of large telecom service providers, segment routing has the potential to be in the same league as MPLS and IPv6 as well as pave a way towards the successful implementation of SDNs. In this regard, this paper is a survey on the existing segment routing work in the community. We begin by describing how segment routing works, inclusive of the various building blocks. The paper describes the segment routing architecture in terms of its positioning vis-a-vis existing networking technologies, as well as the data-plane and the control plane. Label encoding techniques that are central towards implementing segment routing are then discussed. In order to make segment routing relevant to the current domain of providers, we postulate various use cases, their working and issues of interoperability. The paper also reviews the current set of segment routing implementation cases in the industry. Thereafter we position segment routing among the various provider manifestations.
Unsupervised cluster‐based method for segmenting biological tumour volume of laryngeal tumours in 18 F‐FDG‐PET images (2017)

In radiotherapy using 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 F‐FDG‐PET), the accurate delineation of the biological tumour volume (BTV) is a crucial step. In this study, the authors suggest a new approach to segment the BTV in 18 F‐FDG‐PET images. The technique is based on the k‐means clustering algorithm incorporating automatic optimal cluster number estimation, using intrinsic positron emission tomography image information. Clinical dataset of seven patients have a laryngeal tumour with the actual BTV defined by histology serves as a reference, were included in this study for the evaluation of results. Promising results obtained by the proposed approach with a mean error equal to (0.7%) compared with other existing methods in clinical routine, including fuzzy c‐means with (35.58%), gradient‐based method with (19.14%) and threshold‐based methods.
Inhibition of methanogenesis by several heavy metals using pure cultures (1996)

The effect of different concentrations of nickel, copper and zinc on methanogenesis using pure cultures of Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus, Methanosarcina thermophila and Methanospirillum hungatei over time (1, 15 and 30 d) was evaluated. methanobacterium formicicum showed the highest resistance to all the metals tested, while Methanospirillum hungatei was the most sensitive strain. All strains were sensitive to copper and zinc (10–250 mg 1-1, but were much more resistant to nickel (200–1200 mg 1-1). An adaptation process of the methanogenic pure culture with the toxicants was observed over time, which indicates that the inhibitory effects of heavy metals may be reverted in optimal anaerobic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDE UND STEROIDASEN 11. MITT. SYNTH. FUER C‐17‐BIS‐(2‐HYDROXYAETHYL)‐AMINO‐VERBINDUNGEN ALS POTENTIELLE VORLAEUFER FUER 17‐HYDROXY‐ANDROSTAN‐STICKSTOFFLOSTE (1971)

Abstract Das Androstanon (I) reagiert mit KCN in Essigsäure vorherrschend zu dem Cyanhydrin (IIa), das durch Reduktion mit Li‐alanat zum Amin (IIb) und durch dessen Reaktion mit Äthylenoxid zum gewünschten Bis‐(2‐hydroxyäthyl)‐ amin (IIc) (38% Gesamtausbeute) umgesetzt wird.
Adsorption-controlled growth of Bi4Ti3O12 by reactive MBE (1998)

Adsorption-controlled conditions have been identified and utilized to grow epitaxial bismuth titanate thin films by reactive molecular beam epitaxy. Growth of stoichiometric, phase pure, c-axis oriented, epitaxial films is achieved by supplying a large overabundance of bismuth and ozone continuously to the surface of the depositing film. Titanium is supplied to the film in the form of shuttered bursts each containing a three monolayer dose of titanium to grow one formula unit of Bi4Ti3O12. It is seen from measured film thickness, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry composition measurements, monitoring of reflection high-energy electron diffraction half-order intensity oscillations during growth, and in situ flux measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy that at suitable temperature and ozone background pressure, the titanium sticking coefficient approaches one and the excess bismuth desorbs from the surface. Film growth proceeds by the formation of mounds whose step heights are predominantly integral multiples of a half-unit cell.
Lipid peroxidation and retinal degeneration (1984)

Retinal degenerations were produced in albino rats by exposure to constant illumination or in frogs and albino rats by intravitreal injections of ferrous sulfate. Both treatments resulted in the loss of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides in isolated rod outer segments. We suggest that lipid peroxidation is a factor in certain types of retinal degenerations.
Specificities of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 sera (2009)

The new information emerging from mapping efforts should help to sharpen efforts to isolate new bnmAbs and moreover, may provide crucial information for the rational design of novel vaccine candidates.
CRADA Final Report: Identification of New Therapies with Potential for Treatment of Breast Cancer (2002)

This project represents a collaboration between two research groups at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the research facility at the Chiron corporation, in which each group supplied unique and essential contributions. Mina Bissell, at LBNL, provided the resources and expertise of her research group in a physiologically relevant culture system with particular utility for investigating the development of breast cancer. Chiron Corporation, of Emeryville, California, generated high-quality cDNA microarrays, hybridized cDNA prepared from cultures and cell lines developed in the Bissell laboratory, and performed preliminary analysis of the resultant dataset. Saira Mian, at LBNL, used sophisticated statistical and Bayesian techniques for analysis of the enormously complex dataset to reveal key genes involved in signaling pathways responsible for development of breast cancer. These results have indicated separate and distinct groups of genes associated only with the nonmalignant cells, with the malignant cells, and the reverted cells. Currently, the project team is involved in data verification, to be followed by testing selected genes for utility as potential tumor suppressors. However, the results already obtained were so striking that a disclosure has been filed on 367 of the selected genes for potential use in therapy.
Genes Associated with Prognosis in Adenocarcinoma Across Studies at Multiple Institutions (2006)

Cancer is a complex disease, comprising many different specific malfunctions within the body. Because many biological processes occur simultaneously within all cells, the gene expression related to tumor behavior is generally confounded with expression due to routine metabolic processes and additional processes unrelated to tumorigenesis. Bayesian Decomposition has been used to isolate expression signatures related to these processes as well as signatures related to patient prognosis. The signatures related to prognosis have been analyzed to identify biological processes as well as specific genes whose presence appears related to outcome in all studies.