gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of damage detection methods using passive reconstruction of impulse response functions (2015)

In structural health monitoring (SHM), using only the existing noise has long been an attractive goal. The advances in understanding cross-correlations in ambient noise in the past decade, as well as new understanding in damage indication and other advanced signal processing methods, have continued to drive new research into passive SHM systems. Because passive systems take advantage of the existing noise mechanisms in a structure, offshore wind turbines are a particularly attractive application due to the noise created from the various aerodynamic and wave loading conditions. Two damage detection methods using a passively reconstructed impulse response function, or Green's function, are presented. Damage detection is first studied using the reciprocity of the impulse response functions, where damage introduces new nonlinearities that break down the similarity in the causal and anticausal wave components. Damage detection and localization are then studied using a matched-field processing technique that aims to spatially locate sources that identify a change in the structure. Results from experiments conducted on an aluminium plate and wind turbine blade with simulated damage are also presented.
Semi-invasive attacks – A new approach to hardware security analysis (2021)

Semiconductor chips are used today not only to control systems, but also to protect them against security threats. A continuous battle is waged between manufacturers who invent new security solutions, learning their lessons from previous mistakes, and the hacker community, constantly trying to break implemented protections. Some chip manufacturers do not pay enough attention to the proper design and testing of protection mechanisms. Even where they claim their products are highly secure, they do not guarantee this and do not take any responsibility if a device is compromised. In this situation, it is crucial for the design engineer to have a convenient and reliable method of testing secure chips. This thesis presents a wide range of attacks on hardware security in microcontrollers and smartcards. This includes already known non-invasive attacks, such as power analysis and glitching, and invasive attacks, such as reverse engineering and microprobing. A new class of attacks – semi-invasive attacks – is introduced. Like invasive attacks, they require depackaging the chip to get access to its surface. But the passivation layer remains intact, as these methods do not require electrical contact to internal lines. Semi-invasive attacks stand between non-invasive and invasive attacks. They represent a greater threat to hardware security, as they are almost as effective as invasive attacks but can be low-cost like non-invasive attacks. This thesis’ contribution includes practical fault-injection attacks to modify SRAM and EEPROM content, or change the state of any individual CMOS transistor on a chip. This leads to almost unlimited capabilities to control chip operation and circumvent protection mechanisms. A second contribution consist of experiments on data remanence, which show that it is feasible to extract information from powered-off SRAM and erased EPROM, EEPROM and Flash memory devices. A brief introduction to copy protection in microcontrollers is given. Hardware security evaluation techniques using semi-invasive methods are introduced. They should help developers to make a proper selection of components according to the required level of security. Various defence technologies are discussed, from low-cost obscurity methods to new approaches in silicon design.
Regulation of myogenic differentiation by type beta transforming growth factor. (1986)

Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) has been shown to be both a positive and negative regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The effects of TGF beta also are cell-type specific and appear to be modulated by other growth factors. In the present study, we examined the potential of TGF beta for control of myogenic differentiation. In mouse C-2 myoblasts, TGF beta inhibited fusion and prevented expression of the muscle-specific gene products, creatine kinase and acetylcholine receptor. Differentiation of the nonfusing muscle cell line, BC2Hl, was also inhibited by TGF beta in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 approximately 0.5 ng/ml). TGF beta was not mitogenic for either muscle cell line, indicating that its inhibitory effects do not require cell proliferation. Inhibition of differentiation required the continual presence of TGF beta in the culture media. Removal of TGF beta led to rapid appearance of muscle proteins, which indicates that intracellular signals generated by TGF beta are highly transient and require continuous occupancy of the TGF beta receptor. Northern blot hybridization analysis using a muscle creatine kinase cDNA probe indicated that TGF beta inhibited differentiation at the level of muscle-specific mRNA accumulation. These results provide the first demonstration that TGF beta is a potent regulator of myogenic differentiation and suggest that TGF beta may play an important role in the control of tissue-specific gene expression during development.
The Role of Gingipains in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease (2003)

Gingipains are trypsin-like cysteine proteinases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. HRgpA (95 kDa) and RgpB (50 kDa), products of 2 distinct but related genes, rgpA and rgpB, respectively, are specific for Arg-Xaa peptide bonds. Kgp, a product of the kgp gene, is specific for Lys-Xaa bonds. HRgpA and Kgp are non-covalent complexes containing separate catalytic and adhesion/ hemagglutinin domains, while RgpB has only a catalytic domain with a primary structure essentially identical to that of the catalytic subunit of HRgp. HRgpA and RgpB induce vascular permeability enhancement through activation of the kallikrein/kinin pathway and activate the blood coagulation system, which, respectively, are potentially associated with gingival crevicular fluid production and progression of inflammation leading to alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis site. Kgp is the most potent fibrinogen/fibrin degrading enzyme of the 3 gingipains in human plasma and is involved in the bleeding tendency at the diseased gingiva. HRgpA activates coagulation factors and degrades fibrinogen/fibrin more efficiently than RgpB due to the adhesion/hemagglutinin domains, which have affinity for phospholipids and fibrinogen. Gingipains degrade macrophage CD14, thus inhibiting activation of the leukocytes through the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, and thereby facilitating sustained colonization of P. gingivalis. Gingipains play a role in bacterial housekeeping and infection, including amino acid uptake from host proteins and fimbriae maturation. Based on the important activities of gingipains in the bacterial infection and the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the bacterial proteinases can be targets for periodontal disease therapy. Immunization with RgpB, HRgpA, or a portion of HRgpA catalytic domain attenuated P. gingivalis induced disorders in mice. In addition, a trypsin-like proteinase inhibitor retarded P. gingivalis growth specifically. Gingipains are potent virulence factors of P. gingivalis, and are likely to be associated with the development of periodontitis. It is, therefore, suggested that gingipain inhibition by vaccination and gingipain-specific inhibitors is a useful therapy for adult periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis infection.
Using Fluorescent Post‐Labeling To Probe the Subcellular Localization of DNA‐Targeted Platinum Anticancer Agents (2013)

Green around the cells: A post-labeling method was developed to image a DNA-targeted platinum drug in cancer cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy. This was done using ligation chemistry between an azide-functionalized platinum-acridine anticancer drug and an alkyne-modified dye, Alexa Fluor 488 (green star, see figure). The platinum-acridine agent was shown to accumulate in the nucleoli of cancer cells (NCI-H460).
Small‐Molecule Desorption/Ionization Mass Analysis (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Matrix Choices for Small-Molecule MALDI Organic Matrices Inorganic Matrices Liquid Matrices Matrix-Free Approaches Sample Preparation Electrospray Sample Deposition Analyte Derivatization Analyte Pre-Concentration Prestructured Sample Supports DIOS with Solid Liquid Extraction Matrix Suppression Qualitative Characterization of LMM Molecules Analyte Quantitation by MALDI Selection of IS Methods for Improving Quantitative Performance Quantitation of Pharmaceutical Compounds Enzyme Activity and Inhibition Studies Quantitative Analysis of Samples from Complex Biological Matrices Environmental Applications of Quantitative MALDI Separation Methods Coupled with MALDI and DIOS TLC-MALDI Capillary and Frontal Affinity Liquid Chromatography Conclusions References
Variation of Microbial Contaminants in Classers' Raw Cottons (1984)

The content of endotoxin, gram negative bacteria (GNB), gram positive bacteria (GPB) and fungi was determined for 296 classers' raw cottons derived from various U.S.A. growing areas in 1980. Levels of endotoxin varied from 0.01 to 83 ng per mg of raw cotton, while GNB counts covered the range from 5 to 2.3 X 105 colony forming units per mg. Tinged and spotted color groups contained higher levels of endotoxin than white grades. Significant differences between geographical regions were observed in the content of each microbial contaminant entrained in raw cotton. The Southwest and Southeast growing regions were characterized by raw cottons with the highest endotoxin levels. In general, Southwest raw cotton had the highest counts of GNB, GPB, and fungi, whereas cotton from the Farwest contained the lowest numbers of these same microorganisms.
Surgical Laparoscopy Update (1993)

Laparoscopic instrumentation and equipment laparoscopic cholangiography laparoscopic management of choledocholithiasis laparoscopic management of peptic ulcer disease laparoscopic management of gastroesophageal reflux laparoscopic hemiorrhaphy laparoscopic appendectomy laparoscopic colon resection laparoscopic incorporeal and extracorporeal suturing techniques.
Brie (2019)

Modern Datalog engines are employed in industrial applications such as graph databases, networks, and static program analysis. To cope with the vast amount of data in these applications, Datalog engines must employ specialized parallel data structures. In this paper, we introduce the Brie, a specialized data structure for high-density relations storing large data volumes. It effectively compresses dense data in a lock-free fashion and obtains up to 15× higher performance in parallel insertion benchmarks compared to state-of-the-art alternatives. Furthermore, when integrated into a Datalog engine running an industrial points-to analysis, runtime improves by a factor of 4× with a compression ratio of up to 3.6× are obtained.
The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning (1997)

We carried out a neuroimaging study to test the neurophysiological predictions made by different cognitive models of reasoning. Ten normal volunteers performed deductive and inductive reasoning tasks while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [15O]H2O PET imaging. In the control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning condition subjects determined whether the third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences. In the inductive reasoning condition subjects reported whether the third sentence was plausible given the first two sentences. The deduction condition resulted in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47). The induction condition resulted in activation of a large area comprised of the left medial frontal gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 24, 32). Induction was distinguished from deduction by the involvement of the medial aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9). These results are consistent with cognitive models of reasoning that postulate different mechanisms for inductive and deductive reasoning and view deduction as a formal rule-based process.
Integrated energy storage and electrochromic function in one flexible device: an energy storage smart window (2012)

In this paper, a new integrated multifunctional flexible device called the Energy Storage Smart Window (ESS window) was designed and fabricated. The proposed ESS window comprises an integrated supercapacitor and electrochromism function in one flexible device using ordered polyaniline nanowire arrays as electrodes. The ESS window showed high areal capacitance and high stability as a supercapacitor, and in situ optical measurements proved its electrochromic function. Furthermore, the ESS window can be integrated with a conventional solar cell to form a smart device system, which can simultaneously harvest, store, and use renewable energy efficiently.
HOTAIR role in melanoma progression and its identification in the blood of patients with advanced disease (2017)

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metastatic progression of melanoma have not been fully defined yet. We have recently shown that an important role in this process is certainly played by HOX genes, whose regulation is under control of particular non-coding RNAs, some of which are present within the HOX locus. HOTAIR is the most studied among them, whose aberrant expression is associated with the metastatic progression of many malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify the role played by HOTAIR in metastatic progression of melanoma and to evaluate the circulating levels of HOTAIR in the blood of patients with metastatic melanoma. A series of melanocytic lesions were selected to evaluate the potential changes in the expression of HOTAIR during the evolution of the disease through in situ and molecular approaches. None of the benign melanocytic lesions showed the presence of HOTAIR. The staining of HOTAIR resulted very weak in the primary pT1 lesions, while it was very strong in all pairs of primary tissues and corresponding metastases. Surprisingly, we found the presence of HOTAIR in some intratumoral lymphocytes, while this positivity decreased in lymphocyte component further away from the tumor. HOTAIR was also detected in the serum of selected metastatic patients. These data allowed us to speculate on the fundamental role played by HOTAIR in tumor evolution of melanoma. Its presence in intratumoral lymphocytes might suggest that its involvement in the modulation of tumor microenvironment and the detection in the serum could be used in the management of melanoma patients.
Suitability of the PM3‐derived molecular electrostatic potentials (1993)

Abstract A systematic study of the suitability of PM3‐derived molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) is presented. Forty‐six MEP minima, 81 electrostatic charges, and 17 electrostatic dipoles were determined at the PM3 level and compared with those obtained from the ab initio 6‐31G* wave function, as well as from the semiempirical MNDO and AM1 wave functions. The statistical results of the comparison analysis between semiempirical and ab initio 6‐31G* MEPs show that PM3 is in general reliable for the study of the MEP minima but a mediocre method as a source of electrostatic charges. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Molecular and Genetic Approaches to Understanding Alcohol-Seeking Behavior (1991)

In alcoholism research, two fundamental and related questions are: “why do people drink?” and“why do some people drink too much despite having experienced negative consequences?” Drinking normally occurs in a social setting. Environmental factors and how individuals react to them can therefore have powerful influences on drinking behavior. On the other hand, the neuropsychopharmacological actions of ethanol and how different individuals react to these effects can be important biological determinants. Ethanol’s action is biphasic, that is, it can be reinforcing or rewarding at low concentrations, but aversive at high concentrations (Pohorecky, 1977). Perception by the individual of the reinforcing actions of ethanol might be expected to maintain alcohol-seeking behavior, whereas aversive effects would be expected to extinguish it. The disorder alcoholism can be defined in experimentally approachable terms as a state of abnormally intense alcohol-seeking behavior that over time leads to the alcohol dependence syndrome (Edwards and Gross, 1976). Identification of both the environmental and the biological variables that promote and maintain high alcohol-seeking or alcohol self-administration behavior is key to our understanding of this disorder.
Range- and Aperture-Dependent Motion Compensation Based on Precise Frequency Division and Chirp Scaling for Synthetic Aperture Radar (2018)

The complicated vibrations of the radar sensor, referred to as motion error, generally produce extra range cell migration (RCM) along the range direction as well as spectral replicas along the azimuth direction, which severely impairs the quality of a focused synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. This paper concerns the compensation of motion error that is deemed to be range- and aperture-dependent. To this end, two pairs of relations, such as shift range and angle frequency, are analyzed. Based on the derived relations, we propose a chirp scaling-based range envelope correction to cope with the range-dependent position shifts (i.e., RCM) and a precise frequency division approach to account for the residual aperture-dependent motion error. The proposed algorithm can compensate bulk and complicated motion error completely before RCM correction and ensure the focusing quality of an SAR image without autofocus. Both simulated and real data experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
P3‐453: Consumption of hydrogen water prevents age‐dependent memory impairment accompanying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's model mice (2011)

Oxidative stress is a causative factor in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that hydrogen molecule selectively reduced the hydroxyl radical, the most cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, without affecting the other oxygen-derived free radicals. Inhalation of hydrogen gas markedly suppressed brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Moreover, consumption of water with dissolved hydrogen to a saturated level (hydrogen water) prevented stress-induced cognitive decline in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. To evaluate the effect of hydrogen water on neurodegenerative disorder including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), we used animal models. DAL101 and Tg2576 transgenic mice were used. DAL101 mice express a dominant-negative form of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the brain and decrease ability to detoxify 4-hydroxynonenal. Tg2576 mice express human mutant APP. Young DAL101 and Tg2576 mice were allowed to freely drink water with or without hydrogen until the age of 17-18 months and 12-13 months, respectively. We found that consumption of hydrogen water prevented the memory impairment of DAL101 and Tg2576 mice, as examined by object recognition task. The consumption of hydrogen water also prevented neuronal loss and glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region, accompanying with decline of malondialdehyde in the brain and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DAL101 mice. Furthermore, hydrogen water tended to alleviate a shorting of lifespan. However, it did not reduce the accumulation of amyloid in Tg2576 mice brain. Hydrogen molecule has no known toxic effect on human body. Thus, we propose that hydrogen, one of the most well-known molecules, could be widely used in medical applications in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease as a safe and effective antioxidant.
HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TREMATODES IN DREISSENA POLYMORPHA: THEIR LOCATION, PATHOGENICITY, AND DISTINGUISHING MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS (2002)

Four families of trematodes were observed in histological sections during a 1992-1997 investigation of the parasites of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha. These included Aspidogastridae, i.e., Aspidogaster, Echinostomatidae, Bucephalidae, i.e., Bucephalus polymorphus, and Gorgoderidae, i.e., Phyllodistomumfolium. This article describes the precise location of these trematodes in the tissues of D. polymorpha, provides graphic evidence of their effect on the organs they inhabit, and highlights the distinguishing morphological characteristics. Evidence of defense reaction of host to trematode infection, i.e., encapsulation of Aspidogaster and nacrezation of B. polymorphus, is also presented and is the first such report for zebra mussels. The histological photomicrographs included represent the first comprehensive series published on trematode infection of zebra mussels. These images, in conjunction with the morphological descriptions presented, should assist researchers in identifying the 4 major trematode taxa that they are likely to encounter in the tissue sections of zebra mussels.
A Systematic Comparison of the Transverse Energy Minimization and Splitting Intensity Techniques for Measuring Shear‐Wave Splitting Parameters (2014)

Over the past several decades, shear-wave splitting (SWS) analyses have been increasingly utilized to delineate mantle structure and probe mantle dynamics. However, the reported splitting parameters (fast polarization orientations and splitting times) are frequently inconsistent among different studies, partially due to the different techniques used to estimate the splitting parameters. Here, we report results from a sys- tematic comparison of the transverse minimization (TM) and the splitting intensity (SI) techniques. The study was motivated by the fact that recent comparative studies led to conflicting conclusions, which include the suggestion that TM, which is arguably the most widely used SWS-measuring technique, performs significantly poorly relative to SI under most circumstances in terms of stability and reliability of the resulting splitting parameters. We use both synthetic and real seismograms to evaluate the performance of the techniques for noise resistance, dominant period dependence, and complex aniso- tropy recognition. For one-layer anisotropy models with a horizontal axis of symmetry, our results show the two techniques can provide measurements with similar reliability. The testing confirms conclusions from previous studies that, although SI cannot distin- guish between simple and complex anisotropy models with a horizontal axis of sym- metry, TM can serve as a powerful tool in recognizing the existence of complex anisotropy, which is characterized by a systematic dependence of the splitting param- eters on the back azimuth of the events. Therefore, when the existence of complex anisotropy beneath a study area is unknown, TM is a better choice. Ⓔ A FORTRAN program for the calculation of Wiener-filtered wavelet and splitting intensity using SI technique is provided as an electronic supplement to this article. Online Material: FORTRAN code to calculate splitting intensity.
Systematic and random errors in double known addition potentiometry. A review (1993)

D. Midgley, Analyst, 1993, 118, 1347 DOI: 10.1039/AN9931801347
Enhancing the readability of the Wigner distribution by exploiting its cross-terms geometry (2013)

A simple scheme to improve the readability of the Wigner distribution is introduced in this paper. The method aims to suppress the interference terms by way of multiplying the original distribution with a two-dimensional mask. The design of the mask is based on the localization of the signal components in the time-frequency plane. This is made possible by exploiting the geometry of the cross-terms generated between the signal at hand and a circularly symmetric Gaussian atom. Experimentation has shown that the proposed approach can deliver a more readable representation as compared with other familiar methods of interference reduction.