gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 4 from High <i>BCR–ABL/GUS<sup>IS</sup></i> Levels at Diagnosis of Chronic Phase CML Are Associated with Unfavorable Responses to Standard-Dose Imatinib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure 4. Evolution of BCR-ABL/ABL transcripts in CML patients displaying high (A) or low (B) BCR-ABL/GUSIS levels at diagnosis according to the FFS threshold indicated in Table 1. Asterisks in the upper graph indicate confirmed transcript values in two separate samples collected one month apart.&lt;/p&gt;
An Investigation Into the Use of Simple Queries On Web IR Systems (2000)

The putative yeast GTPase Nug1, which is associated with several pre-60 S particles in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, consists of an N-terminal domain, which is found only in eukaryotic orthologues, and middle and C-terminal domains that are conserved throughout eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Here, we analyzed the role of the eukaryote-specific Nug1 N-domain (Nug1-N). We show that the essential Nug1-N is sufficient and necessary for nucle(ol)ar targeting and association with pre-60 S particles. Nug1-N exhibits RNA binding activity and is genetically linked in an allele-specific way to the pre-60 S factors Noc2, Noc3, and Dbp10. In contrast, the middle domain, which exhibits a circularly permuted GTPase fold and an intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity in vitro, is not essential for cell growth. The conserved Nug1 C-domain, which has a yet uncharacterized fold, is also essential for ribosome biogenesis. Our findings suggest that Nug1 associates with pre-60 S subunits via its essential N-terminal RNA-binding domain and exerts a non-essential regulative role in pre-60 S subunit biogenesis via its central GTPase domain.
Nonadiabatic Kohn Anomaly in Heavily Boron-Doped Diamond (2017)

We report evidence of a nonadiabatic Kohn anomaly in boron-doped diamond, using a joint theoretical and experimental analysis of the phonon dispersion relations. We demonstrate that standard calculations of phonons using density-functional perturbation theory are unable to reproduce the dispersion relations of the high-energy phonons measured by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering. On the contrary, by taking into account nonadiabatic effects within a many-body field-theoretic framework, we obtain excellent agreement with our experimental data. This result indicates a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the phonon dispersion relations of boron-doped diamond.
Enantioselective Formation of Quaternary Centers by Allylic Alkylation with First-Row Transition-Metal Catalysts (2021)

Asymmetric allylic alkylation mediated by transition metals provides an efficient strategy to form quaternary stereogenic centers. While this transformation is dominated by the use of second- and third-row transition metals (e.g., Pd, Rh, and Ir), recent developments have revealed the potential of first-row transition metals, which provide not only a less expensive and potentially equally efficient alternative but also new mechanistic possibilities. This review summarizes examples for the assembly of quaternary stereocenters using prochiral allylic substrates and hard, achiral nucleophiles in the presence of copper complexes and highlights the complementary approaches with soft, prochiral nucleophiles catalyzed by chiral cobalt and nickel complexes.
THE CRISIS IN U.S. SAVING AND PROPOSALS TO ADDRESS THE CRISIS (1990)

Takes a critical look at Administration and Congressional proposals to increase U.S. saving. Discusses why one should care about the rate of U.S. saving and describes the U.S. saving problem using corrected measures of the U.S. net national saving rate. Concludes with some alternative suggestions for increasing U.S. saving.
NEUROBLASTOMA CELL ADENYLATE CYCLASE: DIRECT ACTIVATION BY ADENOSINE AND PROSTAGLANDINS1 (1976)

Abstract —Adenylate cyclase activity of permeabilized neuroblastoma cells was measured by the conversion of [α 32 P]ATP into labelled cyclic AMP. Adenosine (10 −6 ‐ 10 −4 m ) induced a dose‐dependent increase in cyclic AMP formation. This effect could not be accounted for either by an adenosine‐induced inhibition of the phosphodiesterase activity present in the enzyme preparation, or by a direct conversion of adenosine into cyclic AMP. This indicates that the observed increase in cyclic AMP accumulation reflected an activation of adenylate cyclase. Adenosine is partially metabolized during the course of incubation with the enzyme preparation. However, none of the identified non‐phosphorylated adenosine metabolites were able to induce an adenylate cyclase activation. This suggests that adenosine itself is the stimulatory agent. The apparent K m of the adenylate cyclase for adenosine was 5 ± 10 −6 ‐10 −5 m . Maximal activation represented 3‐4 times the basal value (10‐100 pmol cyclic AMP formed/10 min/mg protein). The adenosine effect was stereospecific, since structural analogues of adenosine were inactive. Adenosine increased the maximal velocity of the adenylate cyclase reaction. The stimulatory effect of adenosine was inhibited by theophylline. Prostaglandin PGE 1 had a stimulatory effect much more pronounced than that of adenosine (6‐10‐fold the basal value at 10 −6 m ). Dopamine and norepinephrine induced a slight adenylate cyclase activation which was not potentiated by adenosine. It is concluded that adenosine is able to activate directly neuroblastoma cell adenylate cyclase. It seems very likely that such a direct activation is also present in intact nervous tissue and account, at least partly, for the observed cyclic AMP accumulation in response to adenosine.
Effects of growth factors on heparin‐carrying polystyrene‐coated atelocollagen scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering (2007)

The specific aim of our investigation is to study the potential use of a collagen/heparin-carrying polystyrene (HCPS) composite extracellular matrix for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we created a high-performance extracellular matrix (HpECM) scaffold to build an optimal extracellular environment using an HCPS we originally developed, and an atelocollagen honeycomb-shaped-scaffold (ACHMS-scaffold) with a membrane seal. This scaffold was coated with HCPS to enable aggregation of heparin-binding growth factors such as FGF-2 and TGF-beta1 within the scaffold. Three-dimensional culture of rabbit articular chondrocytes within the HpECM-scaffold and subsequent preparation of a tissue-engineered cartilage were investigated. The results showed remarkably higher cell proliferative activity within the HpECM-pretreated-FGF-2 scaffold and the sustenance of phenotype within the HpECM-pretreated-TGF-beta1 scaffold. It was thought that both FGF-2 and TGF-beta1 were stably immobilized in the HpEMC-scaffold since HCPS generated an extracellular environment similar to that of heparan sulfate proteoglycan within the scaffold. These results suggest that an ACHMS-scaffold immobilized with HCPS can be a HpECM for cartilage regeneration to retain the heparin-binding growth factors within the scaffolds.
Synthesis and amnesia-reversal activity of a series of 7- and 5-membered 3-acylamino lactams (1993)

A series of 3-(acylamino)-epsilon-caprolactams and 3-(acylamino)-2-pyrrolidinones was synthesized. Some of these compounds reversed at different degrees electroconvulsive shock- and Scopolamine-induced amnesia, using a step-through passive avoidance in mice. Classical nootropic drugs, i.e., Aniracetam, Oxiracetam, and Piracetam, were used as reference compounds. Within the analyses of data performed, we introduced a new parameter, the confrontation index (CI), which is a function of Mann-Whitney's U statistic. The CI permits a common scale of activity of substances to be generated, independently of probabilistic hypotheses, with higher scores representing higher activities. The most active compounds were characterized by the formylamino and [3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino groups in the 3-position of the ring. None of the substances assayed showed any effect on spontaneous behavior and neurovegetative system.
A Mobility Model Based on Improved Artificial Potential Fields for Swarms of UAVs (2018)

A combination of several autonomous UAVs can be used to perform collaborative tasks. Such a combination is referred to as a swarm of drones. The use of multiple platforms can extend the system global capacities thanks to the resulting variety of embedded sensors and to information sharing. In this case, path planning and thus obstacles avoidance is still a major task. To deal with this issue, mobility models have to be implemented. Our contribution presented in this paper is a mobility model for swarms of UAVs based on the Artificial Potential Fields (APF) principle. In our model, the involved UAVs collaborate by sharing data about the obstacles that they detected. By doing so, a UAV which is not close enough to an obstacle to detect it thanks to its own sensors will still have the proper data to take this obstacle into account in its path planning. To validate our mobility strategies with realistic constraints we simulate the performances of existing sensors and transmitters, and consider real-world environment.
Increasing coverage and maximum CFO in DFT-s-OFDM for Machine-Type Communications (2015)

One of the growing fields of interest in cellular communications is Machine-Type Communications (MTC). MTC traffic can be characterized in many applications by very low bit rates while requiring a high degree of coverage and reliability. Studies on how to increase coverage and reduce device costs have been extensively performed in DFT-s-OFDM due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. Among the drawbacks of using DFT-s-OFDM for MTC are the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) requirements (thus precluding the use of low-cost local oscillators) and poor performance when coverage is limited (thus precluding devices with low transmission power). A common approach for coverage enhancements is to reduce the signal bandwidth in order to increase the power spectral density, but this does not alleviate the frequency offset requirements. This paper proposes an alternative transmission scheme that increases coverage and supports larger frequency offsets compared to classical bandwidth reduction schemes in DFT-s-OFDM. Link-level simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of coverage and resilience against large frequency offsets, and put into question the traditional approach of reducing bandwidth for coverage improvements in OFDM systems.
Red Book (2012) (2012)

The definitive source for pediatric infectious disease solutions providing point-of-care access to diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of social-comparative feedback and the focus of attention on the performance of targeting skills in children with ADHD (2022)

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 3-7% of children. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of deductive-social feedback and attention instructions on the performance of targeting skills in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Method: This research is a semi-experimental type. Its statistical population was formed by male students suffering from attention/ hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan city with an age range of 7-10 years in 2020. 48 right-handed students were randomly selected as a statistical sample based on the results of the Connors children's behavior rating scale and randomly divided into four groups of 12 people. In order to collect data Personal Information Questionnaire, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, Ulrich's Gross Motor Development Test, Anderson's Over Shoulder Throw Scale (1999) and Luciana et al. (2012) Over Shoulder Throw Targeting Task were used. Data were analysis with using one-way ANOVA test and Bonferroni's post-hoc test using SPSS-18 software. Results: The results showed that the studied groups had significant differences in the qualitative and quantitative development of hand targeting skills (P&lt;0.05). The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the positive analogical-social feedback group had better and significant external attention than the other groups (P&lt;0.05), the other groups did not differ significantly in the retention stage (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the comparative-social positive-external attention group performed better, so it is suggested to use this method in teaching and learning goal-setting skills.
Characterization of Chromobacterium violaceum pigment through a hyperspectral imaging system (2014)

In this paper, a comprehensive spatio-spectral and temporal analysis for Chromobacterium violaceum colonies is reported. A hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system is used to recover the spectral signatures of pigment production in a non-homogeneous media with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity in vivo, without destructing the sample. This non-contact sensing technique opens avenues to study the temporal growing of a specific section in the bacterial colony. Further, from a 580 [nm] and 764 [nm] spatio-spectral time series, a wild-type and mutant Chromobacterium violaceum strains are characterized. Such study provides quantitative information about kinetic parameters of pigment production and bacterial growing.
LCU-Level Rate Control for HEVC Considering Hierarchical Coding Structure (2011)

본 논문에서는 현재 표준화가 진행중인 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)의 고정 비트율(CBR: Constant Bitrate) 부호화를 위한 비트율 제어(rate control) 기법을 다룬다. 기존의 H.264/AVC의 비트율 제어 기법에서는 계층적 부호화 구조의 특성을 고려하지 못한 제어 기법을 사용하여 정확한 비트율 제어에 어려움이 있다. 현재 HEVC의 참조 소프트웨어인 HM(HEVC test Model)에는 CBR 부호화를 위한 비트율 제어 알고리즘이 제공되지 않은 상태이며, 추후 비트율 제어 모듈이 추가될 것으로 예상된다. 이때 HM의 공통실험조건에 정의된 임의접근(Random Access: RA) 모드의 계층적 부호화 구조에서의 보다 정확한 비트율 제어가 요구된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 계층적 부호화 구조에서의 효율적인 비트율 제어를 위해 2차 비트율-왜곡(Rate-Distortion: R-D) 모델 기반의 시간계층 및 프레임 타입에 따른 비트율 특성을 반영한 비트율 제어 기법을 제시한다. 또한, 제어 단위에 따른 비트 변동율과 화질 손실 간에 발생하는 상충관계를 고려하여 비트율 제어 단위를 프레임 단위와 HEVC의 기본 부호화 단위(Coding Unit: CU)로 설정하고 모의실험을 통해 계층적 부호화 구조를 위해 제시된 기법의 비트율 제어 성능을 확인한다. In this paper, a method of rate control for constant bitrate (CBR) coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is addressed. The existing rate control of H.264/AVC may not provide exact rate control in the case of hierarchical coding structure since it doesn't consider the characteristics of the hierarchical coding structure. It is expected that a rate control is added to the reference software called HM for CBR encoding in the near future. More accurate rate control may be required in a hierarchical structure of random access (RA) mode defined in the common test condition of HM. In this paper, we propose a method of rate control based on quadratic Rate-Distortion (R-D) model considering temporal layers and frame types in hierarchical coding structure for efficient rate control. In the consideration of the trade-off relationship between the bit fluctuation and the average PSNR, both of frame and coding unit (CU) are set as the basic unit of rate control. The performance of the proposed rate control method is verified by simulations along with the trade-off relationships for the both cases of basic unit.
NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Complex Formation between Dimeric (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid and β-Cyclodextrin (1998)

Abstract Dimeric (R)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid (3HB) was found to form an inclusion complex selectively with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solution. The complex formation was confirmed by the changes of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of both dimeric 3HB and β-CD in D2O solution. The continuous variation experiments showed the formation of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex. The dissociation constants at various temperatures between 15 and 47 °C were determined and the thermodynamic analysis of the complex formation was performed. The results indicated that the complex formation is enthalpically favorable but entropically unfavorable. We propose that the 3HB unit with carboxy end-group is located in the narrow side of the β-CD cavity.
Variational MCMC (2001)

We propose a new class of learning algorithms that combines variational approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Naive algorithms that use the variational approximation as proposal distribution can perform poorly because this approximation tends to underestimate the true variance and other features of the data. We solve this problem by introducing more sophisticated MCMC algorithms. One of these algorithms is a mixture of two MCMC kernels: a random walk Metropolis kernel and a block Metropolis-Hastings (MH) kernel with a variational approximation as proposal distribution. The MH kernel allows one to locate regions of high probability efficiently. The Metropolis kernel allows us to explore the vicinity of these regions. This algorithm outperforms variational approximations because it yields slightly better estimates of the mean and considerably better estimates of higher moments, such as covariances. It also outperforms standard MCMC algorithms because it locates the regions of high probability quickly, thus speeding up convergence. We also present an adaptive MCMC algorithm that iterates between improving the variational approximation and improving the MCMC approximation. We demonstrate the algorithms on the problem of Bayesian parameter estimation for logistic (sigmoid) belief networks.
SU-FF-T-185: Implementation of a Dose Delivery Model to Handle Respiratory Motion with Variability (2009)

Purpose: To address the problem of respiratory motion uncertainty in IMRT and IM particle therapy by incorporating it in the optimization of the treatment plan. Method and Materials: We propose a probabilistic dose delivery model that accounts for the uncertainty of respiratory motion. Each breathing phase has associated with it a dose matrix whose deformations are calculated from 4D-CT data. The expected dose is then the sum over all dose contributions weighted by a probability density function (PDF) that represents the relative amount of time spent in each phase. The PDF is calculated from Varian Real-time Position Management (RPM) breathing traces. The uncertainty in the breathing pattern is represented by perturbation modes of the PDF determined by a principal components analysis (PCA) of the RPM data. Treatment plans are generated to compare the standard dose model without motion considerations and the described PDF Variation Model. Results: The concept is demonstrated for a liver patient treated with 5-beam IMRT. Five principal components represent the data set well, and two are sufficient for capturing the main features. Using the PDF Variation Model, the mean dose to the gross tumor volume (GTV) remains the same compared to a standard IMRT plan with 5-mm margins; the minimum dose to the GTV+5 mm volume decreases by 27%, and the maximum dose increases by 5%. The significant decrease in the minimum dose is not critical, as would be in the margin approach. Conclusion: We propose a treatment planning approach that takes into account variability in the respiration PDF of a patient. PCA is used to derive the typical variations of the PDF from measured breathing traces. The resultant dose distribution is expected to reduce dose to the lung or liver compared to a margin approach, while ensuring tumor coverage in the context of variable breathing patterns.
α‐Chiral Acetylenes Having an All‐Carbon Quaternary Center: Phase Transfer Catalyzed Enantioselective α Alkylation of α‐Alkyl‐α‐alkynyl Esters (2009)

Abstract Ein mehrphasiger Prozess : Untersuchungen der Titelreaktion ergaben, dass sie als basenvermittelte Isomerisierung zu Allenylester und anschließende phasentransferkatalysierte Alkylierung an der α‐Position des Esters verläuft (siehe Schema). magnified image
Imaging and characterization of dental structure using optical coherence tomography (1998)

Summary form only given. Optical probing of dental structure has thus far been primarily limited to visible and ultraviolet wavelengths where scattering dominates the propagation of light. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques, however, have demonstrated that light in the near-infrared region of the spectrum can often provide higher resolution interior imaging of biological tissues. Here, we use OCT to obtain high-resolution interior images and investigate the optical properties of normal and diseased dentin and enamel.
Adaptive inverse quadratics interpolation with applications to vector fitting and the hankel transform of spectral domain green&#x2019;s functions (2007)

In this contribution we discuss the translation- invariant interpolation of univariate functions by means of inverse quadratics radial basis functions. For the implementation we use an adaptive interpolation process which is a variant of a recently introduced adaptive residual subsampling method. It is shown that the interpolation process with the inverse quadratics kernel also provides an excellent pre-processing interface when used in conjunction with the popular vector fitting algorithm. This results in a composite algorithm, performing the sampling and modelling of the given function in a fully automatic way. It also provides a platform for calculating the Hankel transform of spectral domain Green's functions.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α stimulates human neutrophils to release preformed activin A (2011)

Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a critical early mediator of acute inflammation. Activin A release coincides with the release of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The source of circulating activin A during acute inflammation has not been identified and the potential contribution of leukocyte subsets was examined in the following study. Human leukocytes from healthy volunteers were fractionated using Ficoll gradients and cultured under serum-free conditions. Freshly isolated human neutrophils contained 20-fold more activin A than blood mononuclear cells as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and both dimeric and monomeric forms of activin A were detected in these cells by western blotting. Activin A was predominantly immunolocalized in the neutrophil cytoplasm. Purified neutrophils secreted activin A in culture when stimulated by TNF-α, but were unable to respond to LPS directly. Although TNF-α stimulated activin A release from neutrophils within 1 h, activin subunit mRNA expression did not increase until 12 h of culture, and the amount of activin A released following TNF-α stimulation did not change between 1 and 12 h. Specific inhibition of the p38 MAP kinase signalling pathway blocked TNF-α-induced activin release, and the secretion of activin A was not due to TNF-α-induced neutrophil apoptosis. These data provide the first evidence that neutrophils are a significant source of mature, stored activin A. Stimulation of the release of neutrophil activin A by TNF-α may contribute to the early peak in circulating activin A levels during acute inflammation.
Phosphane Sulfide/Octacarbonyldicobalt-Catalyzed Pauson - Khand Reaction Under an Atmospheric Pressure of Carbon Monoxide (2000)

Convenient access to cyclopentenones is provided by catalytic intra- and intermolecular Pauson - Khand reactions in the presence of octacarbonyldicobalt and tributylphosphane sulfide (see scheme). In contrast to other reactions of this type, they proceed under mild conditions (70 degrees C, 1 atm CO), and commercially available [Co(2)(CO)(8)] can be used without further purification.
The Incentive Problem Standing in the Way (2015)

Despite the central leadership’s strong reform motive, the economic system is plagued by incentive incompatibility problems. This has resulted in a battle between positive and negative forces that are influencing reforms. On the one hand, the central reform determination delivered some macroeconomic success on restructuring the economy even before the Xi Jinping administration. There is evidence for China engaging in massive creative destruction in the 1990s. Mr Xi is trying to build on this success by intensifying structural changes. On the other hand, incentive problems are obstructing his government’s efforts to make deeper changes to resolve the Impossible Trinity policy puzzle.