gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of <I>Ascaris Suum</I> Eggs by Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation (2005)

Inactivation of Ascaris Suum Eggs by Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) IrradiationThe ultraviolet (UV) irradiation dose required to prevent full development (embryonation) of unembryonated Ascaris suum eggs in buffered water was studied. UV irradiation has been used in the past on larvated (embryonated) Ascaris suum eggs in an attempt to produce an attenuated vaccine for use in pigs. Such studies used doses of irradiation aimed at decreasing the infectivity of the eggs given as...Author(s)A. Lucio-ForsterDD. BowmanJL. LiottaJA. StarkeM. LabareM. JenkinsMA. ButkusSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 1: Disinfection ResistanceDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:1L.52;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783978212Volume / Issue2005 / 1Content sourceDisinfection and Reuse SymposiumFirst / last page(s)52 - 59Copyright2005Word count460
Measurement of bound states in the continuum by a detector embedded in a photonic crystal (2016)

We directly measure optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) by embedding a photodetector into a photonic crystal slab. The BICs observed in our experiment are the result of accidental phase matching between incident, reflected and in-plane waves at seemingly random wave vectors in the photonic band structure. Our measurements were confirmed through a rigorously coupled-wave analysis simulation in conjunction with temporal coupled mode theory. Polarization mixing between photonic crystal slab modes was observed and described using a plane wave expansion simulation. The ability to probe the field intensity inside the photonic crystal and thereby to directly measure BICs represents a milestone in the development of integrated opto-electronic devices based on BICs.
[Immunomodulator structure-activity relationships: contribution of molecular modeling]. (2000)

Molecular modeling used to compare 64 immunostimulant compounds with pyrrolie quinolein or purine nuclei has pointed out that a common spatial structure is found in most of the active compounds. An additional study of immunostimulants (levamisole, muramyldipeptide) or immunosuppressive molecules (rapamycin) was performed. A common pharmacophore was found on every studied compound. It was composed of three neighboring electroattractive atoms and a further fourth atom. The favorable conformation of rapamycin for immunosuppressive action, which is not the more stable conformation, could explain the loss of its activity, or those of related macrolides, when some minor chemical modifications are tested. These findings validate the proposed concept and provide a view of the mechanism of action of most of the immunomodulator compounds for preparing novel compounds
Dual perspective proteomics infectome profiling discovers Salmonella type III secretion system effector functions in macrophages (2021)

Abstract Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated infection strategies, including the release and secretion of virulence factors to interfere with host cell functions and to perturb immune responses. For Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium), the type III secretion systems encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1 and 2 mediates invasion of the bacterium into innate immune cells and regulates bacterial replication and survival within the hostile environment of the host, respectively. Here, we explore the temporal and strain-specific dual perspective response of both the host and pathogen during cellular infection via quantitative proteomics. We report time- and pathogenicity island-specific expression and secretion of infection-associated proteins (i.e., SL1344_1263, SL1344_3112, SL1344_1563, and YnhG) and regulated immune response proteins in macrophage, including Cd86, Cd40, Casp4, C3, IL-1α, and Cd69). Through intracellular macrophage and in vivo murine models of infection, we reveal a role in virulence for three of the bacterial proteins (SL1344_1263, SL1344_1563, and YnhG), defining their importance as novel T3SS effectors. We characterize the temporal intra- and extracellular production of the effectors and identify their interaction networks in host cells, representing inhibitory and stimulatory pathways mounted by invading bacterial pathogens. Author Summary The relationship between a host and pathogen is intricate, and regulation of the host immune response correlates with the progressive timing of infection and tailored responses to the pathogen. Relying on detection and quantification of protein-level changes using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we explore the production of known and novel effectors by Salmonella during intracellular survival within macrophage. Our results portray a role for these effectors in bacterial virulence using an in vivo murine model of infection, and we define a dynamic network of interaction between the effectors and host proteins. These interactions reveal opportunity for drug design to disrupt modulation of the host by the invading bacterium as a new strategy for combatting infection. Our approach is dynamic and universal, with the power to alter therapeutic discovery against infectious diseases.
Digenic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a sporadic patient: Recessive mutations inPOLGandC10orf2/Twinkle (2003)

Recently several mutations have been identified in nuclear genes that predispose to autosomal dominant or recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) with multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In autosomal dominant PEO (adPEO, MIM# 157640), mutations were reported in the genes ANT1 (MIM# 103220; encoding the heart-muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator) In recessive PEO, mutations have been identified in POLG ECGF1 mutations specifically caused mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE, MIM# 603041), a subgroup of arPEO that is characterized by leukodystrophy
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with neurofibromatosis I (2014)

Neurofibromatosis, otherwise known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a congenital hereditary disorder involving tissues of neuroectodermal or mesodermal origin. Involvement of the coronary arteries is, however, extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using the bilateral internal mammary arteries for coronary arterial vasculopathy in a patient with neurofibromatosis and of the longest reported follow-up of such a case after bypass surgery.
Improving visualisation of bronchi in three-dimensional rendering of CT data (2007)

The medical imaging system Sectra PACS from Sectra Imtec contains a 3D mode that can be used for visualising image stacks from e.g. computed tomography. Various structures of human anatomy can be visualised in the 3D mode, but visualisations of the bronchial tree of the lungs rarely become good enough to be useful. The goal of this work was to investigate ways of improving such visualisations. Various approaches were studied, evaluated and tested. The fact that most effort was needed for small structures with sizes similar to the resolution of the images made things slightly more complicated. A method classifying neighbourhoods based on local structure emerged as most promising, and was used as foundation for a proposed algorithm. It creates a mask representing the presence of bronchi, allowing the hiding of uninteresting structures in its proximity. The algorithm was then implemented so that it could be tested together with the existing system. The method was found to work well and was able to detect the smaller tubes of the bronchial tree and output the desired classiﬁcation mask. Its usefulness was somewhat reduced by issues relating to speed, and the fact that many computed tomography image stacks lack the necessary resolution for visualising the finer details of the bronchial tree.
Compact Super Hi-Vision camera system with a 2.5-inch 33-megapixel colour CMOS image sensor (2013)

We have developed the first portable compact SUPER Hi-VISION (SHV) camera system using a single 33-megapixel colour CMOS image sensor. The camera head weighs only 5.3 kg, which is less than one-third of the smallest conventional SHV camera. The camera&apos;s weight and shape are almost equivalent to those of the current HDTV broadcasting cameras. The camera control unit (CCU) has also been downsized to 3U (19-inch size) from 7U. The camera head can be used with existing 35 mm full-frame lenses. By exchanging the lens adapter, various types of lenses are to be used with this camera. An effective focus-aid signal has been developed when adjusting the focus even with a low-resolution viewfinder. Furthermore, to improve its operability, the signal connection between the camera head and CCU can be connected by one camera cable that is commonly used in current broadcast cameras. Downsizing of camera system realizes a rich variety of SHV shooting styles.
Lysosomal degradation of newly formed insulin granules contributes to β cell failure in diabetes (2019)

Compromised function of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is central to the development and progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying β cell failure remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that metabolic stress markedly enhances macroautophagy-independent lysosomal degradation of nascent insulin granules. In different model systems of diabetes including of human origin, stress-induced nascent granule degradation (SINGD) contributes to loss of insulin along with mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent suppression of macroautophagy. Expression of Protein Kinase D (PKD), a negative regulator of SINGD, is reduced in diabetic β cells. Pharmacological activation of PKD counters SINGD and delays the onset of T2D. Conversely, inhibition of PKD exacerbates SINGD, mitigates insulin secretion and accelerates diabetes. Finally, reduced levels of lysosomal tetraspanin CD63 prevent SINGD, leading to increased insulin secretion. Overall, our findings implicate aberrant SINGD in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest new therapeutic strategies to prevent β cell failure.
Generation and Characterization of Multicellular Heterospheroids Formed by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2003)

A three-dimensional culture system for primary human mononuclear cells was developed, which reproducibly resulted in the formation of multicellular heterospheroids. Immunohistological characterization demonstrated not only the three-dimensional tissue-like aggregation of primary monocytes, B cells and T cells, but also the presence of macrophages and proliferating cells, indicating that a differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and an activation of cells were induced. Because of the phenotypical resemblance to granulomas the influence of an in vitro infection with mycobacteria on spheroid formation and morphology was analyzed. In comparison to control incubations, the formation of multinucleated giant cells and necrotic areas containing large numbers of mycobacteria could be observed, which resembled histological hallmarks of in situ tuberculoid granulomas. These characteristics have not been described for in vitro models of granuloma formation before and thus this new culture technique may prove to be a useful tool for analyzing aspects relevant to immunopathological processes in chronically inflamed tissues.
Improvement in optic target detection and reaction time by acoustic stimulation: comparison between elderly and young (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate a measuring system that can diagnose an initial dementia. We focused on the relationship between an initial dementia and perceptual motor coordination that is concerned with location. In this paper, non-dementia elderly subject and young subject pointing movements to a visual target were measured in three conditions. Condition 1: only the target was presented. Condition 2: auditory stimulation was added at a location the same distance from the center as that of the target but in the opposite direction. Condition 3: auditory stimulation was added at the same location as the target. The results showed that in condition 3, latency was shorter and the error rate of pointing movement was lower than in the other conditions. These results suggest that, it is possible to measure the ability of perceptual motor coordination and to control the ability to detect a visual target by auditory stimulation.
Whole-cell protein and ITS rDNA profiles as diagnostic tools to discriminateFusarium avenaceumintraspecific variability and associated virulence (2009)

A total of 91 isolates of Fusarium avenaceum were regrouped into 15 phenotypes and 10 vegetative compatibility groups showing specific one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1-D SDS-PAGE) protein profiles and less-specific internal transcribed spacer rDNA profiles. Each isolate possessed reproducible signature protein bands. Indeed, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages clustering revealed that the protein profile of each group of isolates correlated with fungus virulence. The use of SDS-PAGE offers a simple and sensitive technique for routine differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates within unknown F. avenaceum populations. The discovery has significant implications for risk assessment of cereal yield to ensure food and feed safety. This low-cost approach has the potential to be optimized and extended to a broad spectrum of Fusarium head blight pathogens.
Neutral Aminyl Radicals Derived from Azoimidazolium Dyes (2016)

The synthesis and characterization of a new class of neutral aminyl radicals is reported. Monoradicals were obtained by reduction of azoimidazolium dyes with potassium. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational data suggest that the spin density is centered on one of the nitrogen atoms of the former azo group. The reduction of a dimeric dye with an octamethylbiphenylene bridge between the azo groups resulted in the formation of a biradical with largely independent unpaired electrons. Both the monoradicals and the biradical were found to display high stability in solution as well as in the solid state.
Coronary Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Disease (2009)

It was concluded that CAC was present in the intimal plaque of both nonrenal and renal patients. Renal function and traditional risks were linked to initimal calcification. Medial calcification occurred only in CKD patients.
Chemokines in Atherosclerosis (2008)

The fundamental importance of chemokines for atherogenesis, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques is now widely appreciated, but the degree of complexity, specificity, and cooperativity harnessed by these signal molecules to govern atherogenic cell recruitment and homeostasis is still being refined. Since the role of chemokines in atherosclerotic vascular disease has been reviewed in this journal, significant progress has been accomplished in defining the regulation of chemokine expression and function in atherosclerosis. In this update, we will highlight these recent developments, in particular the identification of components regulating the transcriptional machinery of the proatherogenic chemokine CCL5, distinct roles of its receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in plaque formation and immunobalance, and differential site- and stage-specific effects of T cell-activating chemokines and their receptors, eg, CXCL10 and CXCR3. The contribution of the transmembrane chemokines CX(3)CL1 and CXCL16 with their respective receptors CX(3)CR1 and CXCR6 in the recruitment of T cell and monocyte subsets and shear-mediated plaque modulation will be discussed. Finally, the role of CXCR2 and CXCR4, their respective ligands CXCL1 and CXCL12, and the noncanonical dual agonist MIF in atheroprogression will be dissected. The considerable leap in insight over recent years leads us to anticipate further advances in comprehending the role of chemokines in atherosclerosis, allowing targeted interventions for its prevention and therapy.
Assessment of a Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2008)

The clinical behaviour and macroscopic appearance of the intestine are valid tools to assess gut damage in our neonatal rat model of NEC. This allows future studies that are not exclusively based on histology.
A SiGe BiCMOS 1ns fast hopping frequency synthesizer for UWB radio (2005)

A fully integrated multi-tone generator based on 2 PLL and a SSB mixer in 0.25/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS achieves frequency hopping between 3.432, 3.960, and 4.488GHz within 1 ns. Spurious tones are below -50dBc in the 5GHz and -45dBc in the 2.4GHz ISM bands. The power dissipation is 73mW from a 2.7V supply. The close-in phase noise is below -90dBc/Hz and out-of-band phase noise is below -100dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset.
Effects of Cyclosporin on Insulin and C-Peptide Secretion in Healthy Beagles (1989)

Plasma glucose, C-peptide, and insulin responses to intravenous glucose (intravenous glucose tolerance test [IVGTT], 0.5 g/kg), glucagon (1 mg i.v.), and oral glucose (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], 1 g/kg) were assessed in six normal beagles before, during, and 1 and 4 mo after the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) in doses previously shown to be required for uniform prevention of canine islet-allograft rejection (20 mg/kg; mean trough radioimmunoassay serum levels greater than or equal to 500 ng/ml). Insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose and glucagon was significantly inhibited during the administration of CsA (areas under insulin-response curves, pmol.min-1.L-1; IVGTT, pre-CsA, 11,127 +/- 1285; during CsA, 5954 +/- 1147, P less than .05; glucagon tolerance test, pre-CsA, 18,617 +/- 2807; during CsA, 4401 +/- 486, P less than .05 vs. pretreatment levels). These secretory defects persisted 4 mo after CsA was discontinued (IVGTT, 4358 +/- 659; glucagon tolerance test, 10,567 +/- 2479, P less than .05). C-peptide responses paralleled these changes. Plasma glucose disposal in response to these secretagogues, however, returned to normal 1 mo after discontinuation of CsA. In contrast to the findings for IVGTT and glucagon, insulin-response curves to OGTT were not statistically different during CsA administration. We conclude that, although glucose disappearance rates are normal after discontinuation of the CsA administration, CsA causes irreversible impairment in islet secretory responses detectable with IVGTT and glucagon but not with OGTT. These results suggest that short-term CsA in doses required to prevent islet-allograft rejection in dogs can result in permanent loss of functionally competent beta-cells.
Automatic Traffic Surveillance System for Vehicle Tracking and Classification (2006)

This paper presents an automatic traffic surveillance system to estimate important traffic parameters from video sequences using only one camera. Different from traditional methods that can classify vehicles to only cars and noncars, the proposed method has a good ability to categorize vehicles into more specific classes by introducing a new "linearity" feature in vehicle representation. In addition, the proposed system can well tackle the problem of vehicle occlusions caused by shadows, which often lead to the failure of further vehicle counting and classification. This problem is solved by a novel line-based shadow algorithm that uses a set of lines to eliminate all unwanted shadows. The used lines are devised from the information of lane-dividing lines. Therefore, an automatic scheme to detect lane-dividing lines is also proposed. The found lane-dividing lines can also provide important information for feature normalization, which can make the vehicle size more invariant, and thus much enhance the accuracy of vehicle classification. Once all features are extracted, an optimal classifier is then designed to robustly categorize vehicles into different classes. When recognizing a vehicle, the designed classifier can collect different evidences from its trajectories and the database to make an optimal decision for vehicle classification. Since more evidences are used, more robustness of classification can be achieved. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust, accurate, and powerful than other traditional methods, which utilize only the vehicle size and a single frame for vehicle classification.
Efficient Syntheses of (d, l) and (d) Selenomethionine (1989)

Abstract Selenomethionine or its protected forms have been prepared from methylselenolates and α-functionalized γ-butyrolactones or α-functionalized methyl cyclopropane carboxylates.
Modeling and Analysis of Low Voltage Electro-Osmotic Micropump (2010)

Scaling down the biochemical analytical system has been an important topic of research recently. Minimizing the energy requirement for the microfluidic transportation is essential for the realization of a Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) that can perform the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT). In this work, modeling and analysis of a low voltage Electro-osmotic (EO) micropump applicable for the Bio-Microfluidic systems using COMSOL Multiphysics software package is presented. In the previously reported low voltage EO micropump (3), position of electrodes makes the fabrication process a tedious task. Here, we investigate the effects of placing the electrodes tangential to the microchannel since such designs can be easily fabricated using PDMS/glass fabrication process, and also comparing the effect of different electrode configurations on the pump performance. In addition, the effects of geometrical parameters of micropump on volumetric flow rate and velocity profiles are investigated.
Safety of a Clinical Surveillance Protocol With 3- and 6-Week Warfarin Prophylaxis After Total Joint Arthroplasty (2001)

The charts of 1869 patients were reviewed for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Prophylaxis consisted of 3 (group 1; n=1235) or 6 (group 2; n=634) weeks low-dose warfarin, pneumatic compression boots worn by patients in the hospital, mobilization on the first postoperative day, and a clinical surveillance protocol. Venous ultrasound or ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy (V/Q) was performed only if patients became symptomatic. patients. Twenty-three (1.8%) patients were positive for DVT. Ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy was performed on 25 patients, and 5 (0.4%) patients were positive for pulmonary embolism. In group 2, 117 patients were evaluated for DVT, and 19 (3%) patients had positive results determined by ultrasound. Twenty-five patients were evaluated with V/Q and only 1 (0.16%) patient was positive for pulmonary embolism. No patient developed a fatal pulmonary embolism or postphlebitic syndrome. This prophylaxis protocol is an efficient and cost-effective method for the prevention of significant events after surgery.