gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Blood-Aqueous Barrier in Keratoconus (1986)

The blood-aqueous barrier of ten keratoconus cases awaiting corneal transplantation was studied and compared to a normal control group of 10 patients by utilizing Amsler and Huber's semiquantitative method. The action of a cycloplegic (1% tropicamide) on this barrier was studied simultaneously both in normal and keratoconus eyes. Our results have shown that keratoconus patients have an abnormal blood-aqueous barrier. The results have shown an average of values with statistically significant higher permeability in keratoconus in all studied times (p < 0.001). The altered blood-aqueous barrier in keratoconus is an indication that this pathology is not only limited to the cornea. This altered barrier could be related to Urrets-Zavalia's syndrome in patients submitted to corneal transplantation for keratoconus.
Layered Thin Film Micro Parts Reinforced with Aligned Short Fibers in Laser Stereolithography by Applying Magnetic Field (2012)

The purpose of this research is to produce micro parts reinforced by unidirectional short fibers using laser stereolithography. Ferromagnetic short fibers are added to a liquid photopolymer and a magnetic field is then applied to the liquid photopolymer, aligning the axes of the short fibers along the magnetic field direction. Then, the photopolymer is solidified by UV laser irradiation in a desired shape. Solidified photopolymers containing the unidirectional short fibers are layered until the desired height is obtained. The surfaces of the solidified layers are observed and the possibility of a reinforcing effect between the layers is examined.
Economics of Distributed Power Generation via Gasification of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste (2020)

More than one billion people worldwide still lack access to electricity. Rural electrification via gasification has the potential to satisfy electricity access and demand. This study conducts an economic evaluation of rural electrification through gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) using a 60 kW downdraft gasifier, developed at Oklahoma State University. The effects of feedstock cost, electricity selling price, feed-in-tariff, tipping fee, tax rate, and the output power are evaluated using major financial parameters: the net present value, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, simple payback period, and discounted payback period, and sensitivity analysis. Results show that the downdraft gasification power system offers a payback period of 7.7 years, while generating an internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, and net present value of 10.9%, 7.7%, and $84,550, respectively. Results from a sensitivity analysis indicate that the feed-in-tariff has the greatest positive contribution to the project’s net present value. Using MSW, the gasification power system potentially reduces carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide emissions as compared to direct combustion and landfill. The technology provides a promising future for rural electrification utilizing biomass and MSW whilst offering economic and environmental benefits for local communities.
An ICT-based ratiometric probe for hydrazine and its application in live cells (2012)

Hydrazine is an important industrial chemical but also very toxic thus requiring rapid detection agents. A ratiometric fluorescence probe that enables rapid, low-limit and naked-eye detection is successfully designed and used for hydrazine determination in live cells.
Effects of neurotoxins and hindpaw inflammation on opioid receptor immunoreactivities in dorsal root ganglia (1998)

Three types of opioid receptors mediate peripheral opioid antinociception in inflammation. Recently, antisera that recognize unique epitopes of the cloned mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been developed. Using these antisera we examined the regulation of opioid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia after hindpaw inflammation and the influence of neurotoxins for primary afferent neurons and sympathetic neurons thereon. Peripheral tissue inflammation was produced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hindpaw. Capsaicin was injected subcutaneously once a day for three days using a total dose of 150 mg/kg. 6-hydroxydopamine was injected intraperitoneally 75 mg/kg/day for three days. Freund's adjuvant induced a marked increase in the percentage of mu-, but a decrease in delta- and kappa-opioid receptor-positive neurons. Capsaicin significantly decreased mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor immunoreactivity in both Freund's adjuvant treated and non-treated rats. No significant changes on the mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor immunoreactivities were observed after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment in either Freund's adjuvant-treated or non-treated rats. Our studies indicate: (1) Peripheral inflammation can differentially regulate the expression of the three opioid receptors in dorsal root ganglia neurons with an up-regulation of mu- and down-regulation of delta- and kappa-opioid receptors. 2) A significant portion of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are located on capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dorsal root ganglia of both non-inflamed and inflamed hindlimbs. 3) The expression of opioid receptors in dorsal root ganglia of either inflamed or non-inflamed hindlimbs is not influenced by sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
Effects of conditioned medium from bone marrow of normal and Ara-C-treated mice on hemoglobin synthesis. (1982)

Differentiation of CFUs toward erythropoiesis has been demonstrated in mice treated with a single dose of Ara-C, and this preferential differentiation was shown to be under the influence of diffusible factors. The aim of the work reported here was to determine whether these factors might include erythropoietin (Ep). This possibility was explored by testing the effect of the Ara-C-induced factor(s) on hemoglobin synthesis, and the effects of anti-mouse Ep on the activity of Ara-C-induced factors. When the late erythropoiesis stage of fetal liver cells was stimulated by bone-marrow-conditioned medium, no significant difference was observed between the effects of conditioned media obtained from normal versus Ara-C-treated bone marrow cells. Bone-marrow-conditioned medium induced a dose-dependent effect on hemoglobin synthesis by fetal liver cells (or adult bone marrow cells); the resulting curve was not parallel to the log-dose-response curve of purified mouse Ep. Anti-mouse Ep inhibited the activity of mouse Ep in fetal erythroblast cultures, but did not affect the stimulatory activity of conditioned media. Below the plateau doses no cumulative erythropoietic effect was observed in fetal erythroblast cultures when conditioned medium was added to Ep. Thus the present data suggest that the effect of bone-marrow-conditioned medium results from at least two independent factors: the first one active on CFUs differentiation towards erythropoiesis, and the second one active at a later stage of erythroid maturation. These factors can be considered to be molecules with an immunogenic structure unrelated to that of Ep.
An Enzyme‐Responsive Polymeric Superamphiphile (2010)

Ansprechendes Aggregat: Ein doppelt-hydrophiles Polymer (Methoxypoly(ethylenglycol)-block-poly(L-lysinhydrochlorid)) lagert sich mit einem natürlichen enzymresponsiven Molekül (Adenosin-5′-triphosphat) zu einem Superamphiphil zusammen. Das Superamphiphil bildet sphärische Aggregate, die bei Zugabe von Enzymen zerfallen und eingelagerte Moleküle freisetzen (siehe Bild).
Immunocytochemical demonstration of skeletal muscle type peptidylarginine deiminase in various rat tissues (1990)

We have performed an immunocytochemical study of peptidylarginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) in various rat tissues using an antiserum to the enzyme purified from rat skeletal muscle. Staining was observed in skeletal muscle fibers, glia cells of the central nervous system, serous cells of submandibular gland, demilunar cells (serous cells) of sublingual gland, uterine endometrium and myometrium, and certain cells in the lamina propria of intestinal villi. Possible involvement of the enzyme in multiple cellular processes were discussed.
Preparation and evaluation of supercritical carbon dioxide‐packed capillary columns for HPLC and SFC (1994)

Abstract Preparation of packed capillary columns with supercritical carbon dioxide as the packing carrier is demonstrated; column performance was evaluated by both HPLC and SFC. It is shown that this procedure yields excellent column performance. The density of the packed bed can be controlled by varying the restrictor dimensions and the packing pressure. Column preparation using a supercritical fluid is more rapid than with liquid slurry packing and yields good column stability. Because supercritical fluids have a wider range of viscosities and velocities, in comparison with gases and liquids, a wide choice of packing conditions is available. Several applications of columns packed by this method are presented.
Ratio of Cross Sections for Double to Single Ionization of He by 85–400 eV Photons (1996)

The ratio of double to single ionization of He by 85--400 eV photons has been measured using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. This technique allows the elimination of all possible systematic errors discussed so far in the literature on this subject. We find the ratio in this energy range to be about 25% lower than previously assumed.
Thermodynamics of a Pure Substance (2011)

The main purpose of this chapter is to briefly recapitulate what is learned in a first course in classical thermodynamics. As defined in Chapter 1, thermodynamics is the science of relationships among heat, work and the properties of the system. Our first task, therefore, will be to define the keywords in this definition: system, heat, work, and properties. The relationships among these quantities are embodied in the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. The laws enable one to evaluate change in the states of the system, as identified by the changes in its properties. In thermodynamics, this change is called a process, although, in common everyday language, the processes may be identified with terms such as cooling, heating, expansion, compression, phase-change (melting, solidification, evaporation, condensation), or chemical reaction (such as combustion or catalysis). As such, it is important to define two additional terms: state and process.
Genomic expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (2006)

Evaluation of global expression patterns provides a molecular portrait of mitral valve disease, yields insight into the pathophysiologic aspects of DMVD, and identifies intriguing genes and pathways for further study.
Molecular interactions of a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic with D-alanyl-D-alanine and D-alanyl-D-lactate residues (1997)

LY191145 is an N-alkylated glycopeptide antibiotic (the p-chlorobenzyl derivative of LY264826) with activity against vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant bacteria. Similar to vancomycin, LY191145 inhibited polymerization of peptidoglycan when muramyl pentapeptide served as a substrate but not when muramyl tetrapeptide was used, signifying a substrate-dependent mechanism of inhibition. Examination of ligand binding affinities for LY191145 and the effects of this agent on R39 D,D-carboxypeptidase action showed that, similar to vancomycin, LY191145 had an 800-fold greater affinity for N,N'-diacetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala than for N,N'-diacetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Lac. The antibacterial activity of LY191145 was antagonized by N,N'-diacetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, but the molar excess required for complete suppression exceeded that needed to suppress inhibition by vancomycin. LY191145 is strongly dimerized and the p-chlorobenzyl side chain facilitates interactions with bacterial membranes. These findings are consistent with a mechanism of inhibition where interactions between antibiotic and D-Ala-D-Ala or D-Ala-D-Lac residues depend on intramolecular effects occurring at the subcellular target site.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Effects on Multiple Organ Systems (2000)

SERMs represent a structurally diverse group of compounds which interact with the estrogen receptor but which elicit agonist or antagonist activity depending on the organ system and physiological context. Evaluation of the actions of these compounds has led researchers to a fuller understanding not only of the antiestrogens but also of steroid signaling in general. Based on their evolving clinical profiles, SERMs have the potential to address long-term health maintenance needs of women in their non-reproductive years.
Crystal structure of trans-(15,25)-di(carboxy-(1R)- menthol)bicyclo[2.2.2][3,4a:5,6a]dibenzooctane, C16H12[(COO)(C6H9(C3H7)(CH3))]2 (2000)

СбН 9 (СзН7)(СНз))]2
Concomitant Focal Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of the Tibia and Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Jaw in a Child (2002)

This 2-year-old child presented with concomitant eosinophilic granuloma of the lower jaw and focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the right tibia. Her eosinophilic granuloma was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture, imaging studies and the characteristic histologic appearance. Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia was revealed incidentally during the eosinophilic granuloma staging process. After chemotherapy, all signs of eosinophilic granuloma subsided, but focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia remained without signs of clinical or radiographic progression. The importance of differentiating these two conditions is stressed in order to avoid ineffective and inappropriate treatment of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia.
A Valine-Derived Lithiated 3-Methylthiomethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one for Enantioselective Nucleophilic Hydroxymethylation, Formylation, and Alkoxycarbonylation of Aldehydes (2000)

The 3-methylthiomethyl-4-isopropyl-5,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (I, prepared in three steps from Boc-valine ester) is lithiated and added to aldehydes, with protecting in situ trapping of the primary adducts, to give the N,S-acetal derivatives II of 2-hydroxy aldehydes in high yields and diastereoselectivities. Cleavage (with ready recovery of the oxazolidinone auxiliary) is possible, to afford, for instance, enantiopure 1,2-diols, selectively protected (OBn, OMOM, OTBS) in the 2-position.
Productive and nonproductive binding to ribonuclease A: X‐ray structure of two complexes with uridylyl(2′,5′)guanosine (2000)

Guanine-containing mono- and dinucleotides bind to the active site of ribonuclease A in a nonproductive mode (retro-binding) (Aguilar CF, Thomas PJ, Mills A, Moss DS, Palmer RA. 1992. J Mol Biol 224:265-267). Guanine binds to the highly specific pyrimidine site by forming hydrogen bonds with Thr45 and with the sulfate anion located in the P1 site. To investigate the influence of the anion present in the P1 site on retro-binding, we determined the structure of two new complexes of RNase A with uridylyl(2',5')guanosine obtained by soaking two different forms of pre-grown RNase A crystals. In one case, RNase A was crystallized without removing the sulfate anion strongly bound to the active site; in the other, the protein was first equilibrated with a basic solution to displace the anion from the P1 site. The X-ray structures of the complexes with and without sulfate in P1 were refined using diffraction data up to 1.8 A (R-factor 0.192) and 2.0 A (R-factor 0.178), respectively. The binding mode of the substrate analogue to the protein differs markedly in the two complexes. When the sulfate is located in P1, we observe retro-binding; whereas when the anion is removed from the active site, the uridine is productively bound at the B1 site. In the productive complex, the electron density is very well defined for the uridine moiety, whereas the downstream guanine is disordered. This finding indicates that the interactions of guanine in the B2 site are rather weak and that this site is essentially adenine preferring. In this crystal form, there are two molecules per asymmetric unit, and due to crystal packing, only the active site of one molecule is accessible to the ligand. Thus, in the same crystal we have a ligand-bound and a ligand-free RNase A molecule. The comparison of these two structures furnishes a detailed and reliable picture of the structural alterations induced by the binding of the substrate. These results provide structural information to support the hypotheses on the role of RNase A active site residues that have recently emerged from site-directed mutagenesis studies.
Olmesartan Reduces Pentosidine Production and Ameliorates Fragility of Bone in Ovariectomized Fructose-Fed Rats (2013)

Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for bone fracture. Both hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induce a reduction in enzymatic beneficial cross-links and the accumulation of disadvantageous non-enzymatic cross-linking by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) such as pentosidine in bone. On the other hand, some antihypertensive drugs have been reported to improve peripheral conditions such as retinopathy or kidney dysfunction induced by DM. In this study, ovariectomized rats with a high-fructose diet were treated with or without olmesartan, for investigating aspects of bone and mineral metabolism derangement in DM. High-fructose loading increased insulin resistance and serum pentosidine concentration. Immunohistochemical analysis also demonstrated pentosidine accumulation in bone. These results were in accordance with the results of a three point bending test, which revealed fragility of bone. Of interest, treatment with olmesartan improved insulin resistance and decreased the accumulation of the AGE pentosidine. Three point bending test also revealed improvement in fragility of bone induced by a highfructose diet. Overall, olmesartan treatment might be a useful approach in the treatment of hypertensive patients with DM. Keywords: Advanced glycation end product, bone metabolism, collagen, cross link, diabetes mellitus, fragility, fructose, olmesartan, pentosidine, three point bending test.
Combined use of backscattered and transmitted images in x-ray personnel screening systems (2012)

Current aviation security relies heavily on personnel screening using X-ray backscatter systems or other advanced imaging technologies. Passenger privacy concerns and screening times can be reduced through the use of low-dose twosided X-ray backscatter (Bx) systems, which also have the ability to collect transmission (Tx) X-ray. Bx images reveal objects placed on the body, such as contraband and security threats, as well as anatomical features at or close to the surface, such as lungs cavities and bones. While the quality of the transmission images is lower than medical imagery due to the low X-ray dose, Tx images can be of significant value in interpreting features in the Bx images, such as lung cavities, which can cause false alarms in automated threat detection (ATD) algorithms. Here we demonstrate an ATD processing chain fusing both Tx and BX images. The approach employs automatically extracted fiducial points on the body and localized active contour methods to segments lungs in acquired Tx and Bx images. Additionally, we derive metrics from the Tx image can be related to the probability of observing internal body structure in the Bx image. The combined use of Tx and Bx data can enable improved overall system performance.
Appendix E: Credit Redistribution for UMTS Prepaid Service through CAMEL (2008)

This appendix contains sections titled: The IN Approach for the UMTS Prepaid Service The Prepaid Charging Message Flow The Prepaid Credit Reclaim (PCR) Mechanism Concluding Remarks Notation References
eHealth as a facilitator of transnational cooperation on health : report from the interreg III B project "eHealth for regions" (2007)

This report is the result from work, exchange of experiences, and ideas conceived during the "eHealth for Regions" project.The purpose of this report is, in the context of different ongoing initiatives and developments in the area of eHealth, to refl ect ideas and experiences on how eHealth can facilitate and be the necessary tool for transnational co-operation on health.The report comprises three parts, with the fi rst part describing and giving examples on transnational co-operation on health within the European Union.It describes co-operation in border regions and patients going abroad for treatment.EU citizens travel for many reasons, and co-operation is required when they need medical service.Another area of co-operation is rare diseases, where Competence centers do not exist in every country, and where transnational co-operation is needed for patients to fi nd state of the art treatment.The report also describes, for example, co-operation over the border in order to fi ll gaps in competence capacities and to move competences by virtual means to rural areas.
<title>On-orbit radiometric calibration using a solar diffuser</title> (2002)

Radiometric calibration of spacecraft sensors using an on-board diffuser has become an accepted method in recent years for sensors operating in the solar-reflective portion of the spectrum. In many of these approaches, the radiance from a sunlit diffuser is used to illuminate the full aperture and full optical path of the sensor. If both the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the diffuser and the incident solar irradiance are known, the absolute radiance from the diffuser can be used to determine the absolute radiometric calibration of the sensor. In this work, a method for the absolute radiometric calibration using a diffuser made of S13G/LO paint for a silicon-based detector sensor with spectral bands similar to Landsat-7 ETM+ is discussed. The spectral BRDF of a witness sample of the diffuser was measured with the goniometric facility at the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. A measured solar spectral irradiance spectra is used to model the radiance at the sensor entrance pupil. Also presented is a sensitivity analysis of the diffuser-leaving radiance as a function of sensor view and incident solar angle. This sensitivity analysis is used to provide an error estimate for the calibration of the sensor using a diffuser based on the S13G/LO paint.
Analysis and Design of a Dynamic Predistorter for WCDMA Handset Power Amplifiers (2007)

This paper presents a dynamic predistorter (PD), which linearizes the dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM of a wideband code division multiple access handset power amplifier (PA). The dynamic PD allows an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) improvement of 15.7 dB, which is superior to conventional PDs that linearize static AM-AM and AM-PM. The dynamic PD was designed using an HBT generating nonlinearity, a short circuit at the baseband (les4 MHz), and a load circuit for the HBT at the RF fundamental band (ap1.95 GHz). Volterra-series analysis was performed to understand the mechanism of the dynamic PD. The analysis revealed that the short circuit at the baseband enabled the dynamic PD generating third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) with opposite phase to the fundamental tone (i.e., antiphase IMD3). The antiphase IMD3 allows dynamic gain compression, which linearizes the dynamic gain expansion of a PA with low quiescent current. The analysis also revealed that the IMD3 amplitude of the dynamic PD can be adjusted by load impedance at the RF fundamental band, which enables the gradient of dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM to be optimized to linearize the PA. The fabricated two-stage InGaP/GaAs HBT PA module with the dynamic PD exhibited an ACPR of -40 dBc and a power-added efficiency of 50% at an average output power of 26.8 dBm with a quiescent current of 20 mA