gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dosing of Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Given Every 12 Hours Is as Effective as Dosing Every 8 Hours for Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (1997)

In this double-blind study, 557 patients with lower respiratory tract infection were randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin/clavulanate orally either every 12 hours (875/125 mg) or every 8 hours (500/125 mg) for 7-15 days. For the 455 patients evaluable for clinical efficacy at the end of therapy, clinical success was similar in the two groups: 93% and 94% in the 12-hour and 8-hour groups, respectively (P = .42). Bacteriologic success at the end of therapy was also comparable: 97% and 91% in the 12-hour and 8-hour groups, respectively (P = .86). The occurrence of adverse events related to treatment was similar for the two groups, but fewer patients in the 12-hour group reported moderate or severe diarrhea. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (875/125 mg) given every 12 hours is as effective and safe as every-8-hours administration of the combination (500/125 mg) for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.
Photoemission spectro-microscopy at ELETTRA (1997)

The performance level achieved by the scanning photoemission microscope at ELETTRA, as far as spatial resolution and surface chemical sensitivity, is demonstrated by selected results from laterally inhomogeneous systems. By using a photon beam of 0.15 μm diameter and combining chemical mapping with spectroscopy “minority” micron and submicron-sized phases were discriminated and examined.
Preparation of Silk‐Like Fibers Designed by Self‐Assembled Ionic Polypeptides (2003)

Abstract Natural protein fibers, such as silk, having high‐performance characteristics have been important materials in biopolymer research. This article reports the development of a silk‐like extensible poly( α , L ‐amino acid) fiber inspired by self‐assembly of polypeptides in living systems. Electrostatic interaction was employed as the driving force for building the fiber, and we succeeded in spinning the fiber from an aqueous solution interface between poly( α , L ‐lysine) (PLL) and poly( α , L ‐glutamic acid) (PLG). When the PLL/PLG fiber was formed, the conformations of PLL and PLG were changed from random to β ‐structures. A remarkable feature of the PLL/PLG fiber is the high extensibility. Mechanical stretching of the PLL/PLG fiber resulted in a change from an extensible fiber to a rigid and strong fiber. These features depend on the molecular conformation and the deviation in the amino acid composition of the PLL/PLG fibers. This concept and the poly( α , L ‐amino acid) fibers themselves allow the production of new protein fibers and aid the development of the science of protein folding as well as giving insight into the noncovalent interactions involved in self‐assembly. SEM micrograph showing that the surface of the stretched fiber is smooth. magnified image SEM micrograph showing that the surface of the stretched fiber is smooth.
Impact of Gas Ambient on the Quality of Screen-Printed Phosphorus Emitters (2011)

Impact of gas ambient on the quality of screen-printed phosphorus emitters was investigated. 2.1 cm monocrystalline silicon (CZ-Si) and 1.2 cm multicrystalline (mc-Si) p-type wafers with a surface area of 55 cm2 were used. Phosphorus diffusion paste was screen-printed on both sides of the wafers and diffused in a conventional furnace at peak temperatures of 875 oC and 900 oC for durations of 30 min in Ar, N2, O2 and N2+O2 ambient. Sheet resistances between 40 to 120 /sq were achieved by changing either the temperature profile or ambient. Carrier lifetime was improved up to 8 folds than the initial values after phosphorus diffusion reaching to 88 s and 86 s in CZ- and mc-Si p-type wafers, respectively.
Design and Modelling of a Vibration-Powered Micro-Generator (2001)

Sensors are being used in increasingly diverse application areas where physical connections to the outside world are difficult. Examples include medical implants, sensors in nuclear processing plants, environmental monitoring and structural monitoring. If the sensor is embedded within a structure, routine maintenance duties such as changing batteries may cause significant problems. The need for having a power supply that will last for the lifetime of the sensor is therefore evident. A popular approach is to use the ambient energy within the environment of the sensor. Possible sources include solar energy, thermal energy from temperature gradients and kinetic energy in the form of environmental vibrations. Each of these approaches offers its own advantages and disadvantages, but of the three techniques mentioned the latter has attracted the least interest to date. The general approach gives rise to the term self-powered microsystem, and a review of such devices is covered by G1ynne-Jones and White]. One of the issues for vibration-based generators is that of energy storage, as the vibrations may not necessarily be present in a continuous and uniform manner. Potential storage media include lithium batteries and super capacitors. The remainder of this paper will be dedicated to the design and modelling of two possible techniques for producing vibration-based generators. The first device is a magnet and coil arrangement where relative movement between the coil and the poles of a permanent magnet generates electricity by electromagnetic induction. The second device is based on using a piezo-electric material to generate electrical energy from vibration-induced deformations (the direct piezo-electric effect). The device is fabricated using thick-film technology, with a piezo-electric paste based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT)2.&lt;br/&gt;Analytical solutions have been derived for a wide range of physical effects and, where appropriate, provide a relatively simple technique for modelling microsystem characteristics. In the case of the microgenerator they have been used to calculate resonant frequencies and electrical power output. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a very powerful and flexible technique for modelling complex geometries and is widely used in the design of microsystems. Typically, the structure is divided into a finite number of elements, each with precisely defined material and physical properties, and computers are used to solve the resulting matrix equations. Many FEA packages exist; the work presented here was performed using the ubiquitous ANSYS® software. FEA is particularly useful in microsystems designs to simulate characteristics such as stress distributions, deflections, resonant frequencies and mode shapes, viscous damping effects, piezo-electric coupling and thermal distributions.
Spectrum assignment and update method based on adaptive soft reservation in elastic optical networks (2016)

We propose a spectrum assignment method, called Soft Reservation, that improves the frequency utilization by introducing tentative reservation for forthcoming demand, and dynamic control to determine the reservation range by means of estimated traffic demand.
Goal-oriented software assessment (2002)

Companies that engage in multi-site, multi-project software development continually face the problem of how to understand and improve their software development capabilities. We have defined and applied a goal-oriented process that enables such a company to assess the strengths and weaknesses of those capabilities. Our goals are to help a) to decrease the time and cost to develop software, b)to decrease the time needed to make changes to existing software, c) to improve software quality, d) to attract and retain a talented engineering staff, and e) to facilitate more predictable management of software projects. In response to the variety of product requirements, market needs, and development environments, we selected a goal-oriented process, rather than a criteria-oriented process, to advance our strategy and ensure relevance of the results. We describe the design of the process, discuss results achieved, and present vulnerabilities of the methodology. The process includes both interviews with projects' personnel and analysis of change data. Several common issues have emerged from the assessments across multiple projects, enabling strategic investments in software technology. Teams report satisfaction with the outcome in that they act on the recommendations, ask for additional future assessments, and recommend the process to sibling organizations.
An alternative spliced variant of circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-2 is paradoxically associated with insulin action (2006)

Native sTNFR2 and DS-TNFR2 show opposite associations with insulin action. DS-TNFR2 might play a role as a counterpart of the proinflammatory environment associated with insulin resistance.
Low-temperature copper etching via reactions with Cl2 and PEt3 under ultrahigh vacuum conditions (1993)

Reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), temperature programmed desorption, and reactive scattering were used to investigate the adsorption and desorption behavior of PEt3 on copper and chlorinated copper surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. No reaction was observed between PEt3 and clean Cu(100) or between PEt3 and a c(2×2)–Cl overlayer. At temperatures above 320 K, PEt3 reacted rapidly with a heavily chlorinated copper surface (10 000 L exposure of Cl2 at 300 K). Subsequent examination of the substrate by AES showed removal of chlorine and presumably copper. The remaining chlorine corresponded roughly to 0.5 monolayer coverage. This is consistent with reactive scattering, infrared and AES experiments carried out on thin chlorinated layers (8 L Cl2 exposure), where essentially no reaction of PEt3 with the surface was observed. The reaction between PEt3 and a heavily chlorinated Cu(100) surface yields both ClCu(PEt3)2 and Cl2PEt3. These data are consistent with the etching of copper under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at low temperatures by reaction with Cl2 and PEt3 to form CuCl(PEt3)2.
Resonant extraction parameters for the AGS Booster (2002)

Brookhaven's AGS Booster is the injector for the AGS. It is being modified to send resonant extracted heavy ions to a new beam line, the Booster Applications Facility (BAF). The design of the resonant extraction system for BAF was described previously. This note will give a more detailed description of the system and describe the predicted resonant beam time structure. We will describe tune space manipulations necessary to extract the resonant beam at the maximum Booster rigidity, schemes for performing resonant extraction, and describe the modifications required to perform bunched beam extraction to the BAF facility.
Effectiveness of Combination Therapy With Statin and Another Lipid-Modifying Agent Compared With Intensified Statin Monotherapy (2014)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
From multiple subtraction to primary estimation by inversion (2008)

In the surface‐related multiple elimination (SRME) process the subtraction stage plays an important role. Typically, in this stage the primaries are assumed to have minimum energy (L2 norm). This norm is robust in the presence of noise, but can produce suboptimum results when primaries and multiples interfere. Replacing the L2 norm by a sparseness norm has opposite characteristics: it works well when primaries and multiples overlap, but noise in the data will deteriorate its results. A downside of the current prediction and subtraction methodology is that noise in the input will always end up in the estimated primaries and its sensitivity to missing data. A new primary estimation methodology is proposed in which the primary data are considered unknowns to be estimated together with the source signature. In this way, noise will not leak into the final primary estimate, such that it can be subjected to a sparseness norm. Furthermore, this method can be extended to simultaneously estimate missing near offset data. The sparseness norm and the fact that the method explains all the data, and not only the multiples, allows the method to separate primaries and multiples. The new approach is demonstrated on 1D and 2D data.
Paraphrasing with Search Engine Query Logs (2010)

This paper proposes a method that extracts paraphrases from search engine query logs. The method first extracts paraphrase query-title pairs based on an assumption that a search query and its corresponding clicked document titles may mean the same thing. It then extracts paraphrase query-query and title-title pairs from the query-title paraphrases with a pivot approach. Paraphrases extracted in each step are validated with a binary classifier. We evaluate the method using a query log from Baidu1, a Chinese search engine. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective, which extracts more than 3.5 million pairs of paraphrases with a precision of over 70%. The results also show that the extracted paraphrases can be used to generate high-quality paraphrase patterns. 1
Weak associations between human leucocyte antigen genotype and acute myocardial infarction (2009)

This study demonstrates that the associations between HLA-DRB1 and DQA1 loci and cardiovascular disease exists but that they are considerably weaker than those previously reported for other diseases with an established autoimmune aetiology such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking, Foaming, and Other Solids Separation Problems (2003)

The most common activated sludge operating problems causing poor plant performance are related to solids separation. Especially common are bulking and foaming. Without a proper scientific foundation to support the efforts of wastewater treatment plant management, many attempts to thwart bulking and foaming have failed.Manual on Solving Activated Sludge Bulking, Foaming, and Other Solids Separation Problems provides the critical scientific and practical underpinnings needed to understand and combat these problems. The third edition of this flagship text is a comprehensive, concise guide to the microbiological and technical aspects of controlling all types of solid separation problems.The scientific theory is applied to real-world scenarios, greatly increasing the number of real-world examples of successful control methods. New information is also included on filamentous organism growth and its application in the control of sludge bulking and foaming. Now plant operators, regulators and wastewater engineers have a complete guide for battling these formidable design and operating problems.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to N‐ω‐Chloroalkylisatins from Cyclic t‐Anilines, Oxalyl Chloride, and DABCO. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of Imaging Features and Technique on US-guided Tattoo Ink Marking of Axillary Lymph Nodes Removed at Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Women With Breast Cancer (2021)

Using an average of 0.3 mL of tattoo ink, all TLNs were successfully identified for removal at surgery, despite variability in LN and injection factors.
An AOTF-based dual-modality hyperspectral imaging system (DMHSI) capable of simultaneous fluorescence and reflectance imaging (2005)

An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)-based system for dual-modality hyperspectral imaging (DMHSI) has been developed for use in characterization of normal and malignant mouse tissue. The system consists of a laser, endoscope, AOTF, and two cameras coupled with optics and electronics. Initial results show that the system can delineate normal and malignant mouse tissues real-time. The analysis shows that malignant tissues consistently exhibit less fluorescent intensity in the wavelength band from 440 to 540 nm with a peak intensity of around 490 nm. The analysis also shows key spectroscopic differences between normal and malignant tissues. Further, these results are compared to real-time spectroscopic data and show good correlation.
[Chronic anterior laxity of the knee treated by extra-articular ligamentoplasty. 226 cases reviewed after more than 2 years]. (1988)

Two-hundred and twenty-six patients with chronic anterior laxity of the knee treated by Lemaire extra-articular ligamentoplasty were assessed after a follow-up of 2 to 9 years, with a mean of 4.5 years. Fifty-five knees had only an anterior laxity and 166 anterior laxity combined with medial laxity, in 100 of which tensioning or reinforcement of the medial ligament was needed. Forty-two per cent of sporting patients were able to return to sport at the same level, though half of them had some discomfort. Fifty-one per cent of patients did not experience any instability in daily and working life but half of them had occasional pain. Sixty-one per cent of knees did not, at review, show a positive MacIntosh pivot shift test and the absence of pivot shift correlated statistically with the quality of the functional result. In seventy-three per cent of knees there was a positive Lachmantest indicating definite laxity at the review. Thirty per cent of knees developed a lateral laxity, which questions the innocuousness of removal of the iliotibial tract. Twenty-seven per cent showed radiological deterioration of the medial joint space. A comparison of these results with the published results of intra-articular ligamentoplasty suggests that extra-articular ligamentoplasty with fascia lata should be limited to the treatment of isolated chronic anterior ligament laxity in middle-aged patients who do not participate in strenuous sporting activities.
Assessment of Pseudohypertrophy as a Measure of Left-Ventricular Compression in Patients with Cardiac Tamponade (2000)

Despite normal left-ventricular mass, relative left-ventricular diastolic wall thickness is elevated in patients with cardiac tamponade. In contrast it is normal in patients with various degrees of pericardial effusion supporting its use as a quantitative measure of left-ventricular compression in patients with suspected cardiac tamponade.
The effects of high fatty acid on the glucose metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (1962)

The effects of high fatty acids such as oleic, richinoleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and stearic acids, on the respiration, glycolysis, organic phosphate synthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, were studied. The unsaturated fatty acids added to the media enhanced the respiration of the tumor cells at the concentration lower than 0.2 mM, after a short incubation period and inhibited the respiration in a high concentration 0.4 mM. The saturated fatty acids did not show such effect. All the fatty acids, both of saturated and unsaturated, effected the increase in lactate formation in tumor cells, especially markedly at higher concentration being accompanied by the WQ increase and RQ around 1. The respiration lowered by the fatty acids was ameliorated by the addition of glucose. The lactate formation from glucose was greatly enhanced by the addition of fatty acids but hardly from pyruvate. The unsaturated high fatty acids proved to have a strong uncoupling action for oxidative phosphorylation. This effect could be recognized slightly in the saturated fatty acids. The addition of high fatty acid resulted in the striking decrease in ATP and ADP with the increase in AMP. With these results the discussion was conducted concerning the specificity of tumor cell related to the glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
Variations of the meteor echo heights at middle latitudes (2016)

第7回極域科学シンポジウム/横断セッション:[IM] 中空大気・熱圏 11月30日（水）国立極地研究所1階交流アトリウム
Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia: Mechanisms of Red‐Cell Fragmentation: in Vitro Studies (1968)

S ummary . Several of the disease states in which red‐cell fragments appear in the peripheral blood have features suggestive of intravascular coagulation with fibrin deposition in vessels. As this process might be a cause of red‐cell fragmentation the interaction of rapidly moving red cells with fibrin strands was investigated. Red cells arrested on fibrin strands while moving through a loose fibrin clot at the velocity of arterial blood flow were bent over the strands by the force of blood flow and eventually fragmented. The shape of the fragments which resulted depended upon the position and plane in which the red cells were arrested, the point at which the membrane ruptured, the distribution of haemoglobin and membrane between the resulting fragments and finally on whether or not crenation of the fragments supervened. Systems in which red cells perfused artificial ‘clots’ of glass fibre and nylon also caused the red cells to fragment. The fragmentation process seems to depend, therefore, on a rapid blood flow and the arrest of individual red cells by any obstruction of small dimensions, e. g. by strands or spikes less than I p in diameter. It was concluded that these conditions were most likely to obtain in vivo as the result of intravascular deposits of fibrin in the lumen of small arterioles.
Maintenance Versus Reduction of Immunosuppression in Renal Transplant Recipients With Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2004)

BACKGROUND There has been a significant increase in skin cancers in transplant patients in recent years. Transplant recipients are also more likely to develop skin cancers that are locally invasive with the potential to metastasize early. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the effect of significantly reducing or stopping immunosuppressive therapy on prognosis of aggressive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Patients/methods. Retrospective study of nine patients with aggressive SCC identified two groups, one whose immunosuppressive therapy was not altered and the other who had their therapy stopped or significantly reduced. RESULTS Aggressive SCC all occurred on the head and neck, with five of the primary tumors originating from the ear. Using a Wilcoxon-Breslow test to compare equality of survivor functions, reducing or stopping immunosuppression was associated with the prolongation of metastatic disease-free survival period (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS This nonrandomized pilot study suggests that reduction of immunosuppression in RTRs with aggressive SCC may improve prognosis compared to patients whose immunosuppression is unchanged. Allograft function may continue despite significant reduction of immunosuppression.
Experimental study of segregation phenomena during compression of Glass Mat Thermoplastics (GMT) (2008)

International audience
N1,N3-Di-2-pyridylmalonamide (2007)

The title compound, C13H12N4O2, consists of two pyridine rings connected by a malonamide chain. The dihedral angle between the two pyridine rings is 88.84 (7)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
On-line adaptive neural training algorithm for an induction motor flux observer (2006)

This paper presents a new algorithm for induction motor stator flux observation. The novel procedure is based on a neural network with on-line adaptive training. The network topology is a standard multilayer perceptron (MLP) network and the training algorithm is based on sliding mode control (SMC) theory. The main characteristic of this novel observer is the adaptability of the gain (learning rate), which is obtained from sliding surface so that system stability is guaranteed. The neural network stator flux observer employed here does not require previous training or speed measurement. The on-line adaptive training algorithm for the neural network is described, as well as its application to a stator flux observer of an induction motor drive. Neural observer performance is demonstrated by simulations results