gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical characteristics of 0°/±45°/90°-orientation CMOSFET with source/drain fabricated by various ion-implantation methods (1999)

Electrical characteristics of 0/spl deg///spl plusmn/45/spl deg//90/spl deg/-orientation 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOSFETs with source/drain regions fabricated by three ion-implantation methods are discussed. For asymmetrical one-sided 7/spl deg/-implantation method, large-device-orientation dependent fluctuation and asymmetry were observed in (saturation drain current I/sub D/ and maximum substrate current I/sub B/ of both n- and p-MOSFETs/threshold voltage V/sub T/ of p-MOSFETs) and (I/sub D/ of n-MOSFETs/I/sub B/ of both n- and p-MOSFETs), respectively. Almost comparable characteristics were obtained for n-MOSFETs fabricated by symmetrical 0/spl deg/-implantation and 7/spl deg//spl times/4-implantation methods. However, I/sub D/ difference in p-MOSFETs between 0/spl deg//90/spl deg/- and /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/-orientation devices, which may be affected by intraplanar anisotropy of hole drift velocity, was observed independently of the ion-implantation method.
HIV drug resistance testing in Asia – Is it time? (2012)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been rapidly scaled up inAsiafor a few years or almost a decade, depending on the resource setting in individual country. Since then, the mortality and morbidity of HIV-infected patients in the region have significantly reduced and the quality of life has markedly improved. Unfortunately, some patients experience treatment failure and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is a major reason for this poor outcome. The second chance for successful treatment with the second-line regimens among these patients relies on the limited options of antiretroviral agents in each country. HIVDR testing in this setting is beneficial for guiding the appropriate second-line regimens. Even if the choices for the second-line regimens are not really many, the results of HIVDR testing are still useful for anticipation of the treatment outcomes and preparation of the ART program. However, the cost of the test and the limited capability for molecular laboratory are major barriers for the accessibility of HIVDR testing in some countries. After scaling up of ART for years, primary HIVDR has emerged and threatens the effectiveness of ART among HIV-infected patients who are initiating ART. The prevalence of primary HIVDR varies throughoutAsia. Again, the barriers for HIVDR testing prohibit the use of this test among antiretroviral-naïve patients who are planned to initiate ART. Limited data suggests an increasing trend of primary HIVDR across the region. Although HIVDR testing prior to ART initiation is not routinely recommended in most countries inAsia, identifying the risks of primary HIVDR in each setting and targeting this test in high-risk groups are important interventions to minimize the chance of treatment failure in the region. Newer technologies and strategies to make HIVDR testing less expensive and more accessible in the country are also very important to achieve long-term success of national ART program.
Phase messaging method for time-of-flight cameras (2014)

Ubiquitous light emitting devices and low-cost commercial digital cameras facilitate optical wireless communication system such as visual MIMO where handheld cameras communicate with electronic displays. While intensity-based optical communications are more prevalent in camera-display messaging, we present a novel method that uses modulated light phase for messaging and time-of-flight (ToF) cameras for receivers. With intensity-based methods, light signals can be degraded by reflections and ambient illumination. By comparison, communication using ToF cameras is more robust against challenging lighting conditions. Additionally, the concept of phase messaging can be combined with intensity messaging for a significant data rate advantage. In this work, we design and construct a phase messaging array (PMA), which is the first of its kind, to communicate to a ToF depth camera by manipulating the phase of the depth camera's infrared light signal. The array enables message variation spatially using a plane of infrared light emitting diodes and temporally by varying the induced phase shift. In this manner, the phase messaging array acts as the transmitter by electronically controlling the light signal phase. The ToF camera acts as the receiver by observing and recording a time-varying depth. We show a complete implementation of a 3×3 prototype array with custom hardware and demonstrating average bit accuracy as high as 97.8%. The prototype data rate with this approach is 1 Kbps that can be extended to approximately 10 Mbps.
Phononic band-gap crystals for radio frequency communications (2008)

We report on the experimental and theoretical observation of a phononic band-gap crystal operating in the megahertz regime. Our experimental data show over 25dB suppression of bulk acoustic waves, and our theoretical models predict almost linear scaling to the gigahertz frequencies, thus laying the foundation for the implementation of such devices in radio frequency communications. We further argue that cavities in such systems offer a unique opportunity to couple acoustic energy into a resonator utilizing piezoelectric materials, while at the same time allowing the realization of a resonance cavity in high-Q materials such as silicon oxide, silicon, and tungsten.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Electrochemical Active Area and Impedance Response of PEM Fuel Cell (2008)

The influence of humidity of supplied gases on on electrochemically active surface area and charge transfer resistance in cathode process of PEM fuel cell was studied. Impedance spectra for cells operated with various gas stream combinations - H2/Air, H2/O2, H2/H2 and H2/N2 - was analyzed to determine the physical/chemical origin of the spectra features. Cathode charge transfer resistance increased with a decrease in the humidity of supplied gases. As well, a reduction in the electrochemically active surface area with a decrease in relative humidity was observed.
Getting more for less in optimized MapReduce workflows (2013)

Abstract—Many companies are piloting the use of Hadoop for advanced data analytics over large datasets. Typically, such MapReduce programs represent workflows of MapReduce jobs. Currently, a user must specify the number of reduce tasks for each MapReduce job. The choice of the right number of reduce tasks is non-trivial and depends on the cluster size, input dataset of the job, and the amount of resources available for processing this job. In the workflow of MapReduce jobs, the output of one job becomes the input of the next job, and therefore the number of reduce tasks in the previous job may impact the performance and processing efficiency of the next job. In this work,1 we offer a novel performance evaluation framework for easing the user efforts of tuning the reduce task settings while achieving performance objectives. The proposed framework is based on two performance models: a platform performance model and a workflow performance model. A platform performance model characterizes the execution time of each generic phase in the MapReduce processing pipeline as a function of processed data. The complementary workflow performance model evaluates the completion time of a given workflow as a function of i) input dataset size(s) and ii) the reduce tasks ’ settings in the jobs that comprise a given workflow. We validate the accuracy, effectiveness, and performance benefits of the proposed framework using a set of realistic MapReduce applications and queries from the TPC-H benchmark. I.
Physisorption Gives Narrower Orientational Distribution than Chemisorption on a Glass Surface: A Polarization-Sensitive Linear and Nonlinear Optical Study (2010)

Linear and nonlinear polarization-sensitive spectroscopic techniques were employed to determine the orientational distribution of a probe molecule physisorbed and chemisorbed on a fused-silica glass surface. The chemisorption was through a well-known specific reaction between the maleimide group of the probe molecule and the thiol group of the surface. In the physisorption, the molecule was bound to the surface by the weaker van der Waals forces, dipole−dipole interaction, or both. Despite the absence of the strong interaction between the molecule and the surface in the physisorption, it was found that the physisorption gives narrower orientational distribution than the chemisorption. The strong covalent bond in the chemisorption is not effective to increase the orientational order. It is highly likely that the present conclusion is applicable to a variety of probe molecules having a functional group for a specific reaction of chemisorption.
Single-Carrier 61 Gbaud DP-16QAM Transmission using Bandwidth-Limited DAC/ADC and Narrow Filtering Equalization (2017)

We demonstrate 400 Gbps metro WDM transmission with 61 Gbaud single-carrier DP-16QAM real-time transceiver prototype over respectively 200 km, 300 km and 500 km of G.655, G.652, and G.654 super-large area and ultra-low loss fibers using bandwidth-limited DAC/ADC (&lt;15 GHz) and MLSE-based narrow filtering equalization.
Efficient Optimization of Reliable Two-Node Connected Networks: A Biobjective Approach (2010)

This paper presents a biobjective genetic algorithm (GA) to design reliable two-node connected telecommunication networks. Because the exact calculation of the reliability of a network is NP-hard, network designers have been reluctant to use network reliability as a design criterion; however, it is clearly an important aspect. Herein, three methods of reliability assessment are developed: an exact reliability calculation method using factoring, an efficient Monte Carlo estimation procedure using the sequential construction technique and network reductions, and an upper bound for the all-terminal reliability of networks with arbitrary arc reliabilities. These three methods of reliability assessment are used collectively in a biobjective GA with specialized mutation operators that perturb solutions without disturbing two-node connectivity. Computational experiments show that the proposed approach is tractable and significantly improves upon the results found by single-objective heuristics.
An abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction in cases of biliary tract carcinoma (1983)

A histopathologic study on how the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct open into the duodenum was performed on 72 autopsied cases of biliary tract carcinoma. Type IIIb which was considered to be an abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction was identified in 8 of 34 cases in common bile duct carcinoma and in 4 of 24 cases in gallbladder carcinoma, while none of the control cases belonging to Type IIIb. In cases of Type IIIb, reflux of pancreatic juice may occur into the bile duct and produce the repeated inflammation on the biliary tract. Therefore, the abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction was suggested to be one of the pathogenic factors which cause biliary tract carcinoma.
Genetic Adaptation to Levels of Dietary Selenium in Recent Human History (2015)

As humans migrated around the world, they came to inhabit environments that differ widely in the soil levels of certain micronutrients, including selenium (Se). Coupled with cultural variation in dietary practices, these migrations have led to a wide range of Se intake levels in populations around the world. Both excess and deficiency of Se in the diet can have adverse health consequences in humans, with severe Se deficiency resulting in diseases of the bone and heart. Se is required by humans mainly due to its function in selenoproteins, which contain the amino acid selenocysteine as one of their constituent residues. To understand the evolution of the use of this micronutrient in humans, we surveyed the patterns of polymorphism in all selenoprotein genes and genes involved in their regulation in 50 human populations. We find that single nucleotide polymorphisms from populations in Asia, particularly in populations living in the extreme Se-deficient regions of China, have experienced concerted shifts in their allele frequencies. Such differentiation in allele frequencies across genes is not observed in other regions of the world and is not expected under neutral evolution, being better explained by the action of recent positive selection. Thus, recent changes in the use and regulation of Se may harbor the genetic adaptations that helped humans inhabit environments that do not provide adequate levels of Se in the diet.
P4‐273: Amyloid precursor protein mediates synaptic formation and Aβ‐induced synaptic deficits (2008)

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) holds a central position in in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. APP is proteolytically processed by β- and γ-secretases to generate the amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the major protein component of senile plaques in AD. It is also cleaved by α-secretase to release the large soluble APP (sAPP) lumenal domain. Increasing evidence show the presence of synaptic deficits and dendritic spine loss prior to plaque deposition in AD and in APP transgenic mouse models which have been attributed to Aβ toxicity. In this study, we asked whether APP itself plays a role in synapse formation and whether there is an APP-dependent component to Aβ-induced synaptic damage. We examined synapses in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures derived from APP deficient mice (APP KO) and compared them to littermate controls. Dendritic spines were scored in GFP transfected neurons cultured for 12–18 DIV. We found a consistent 40% decrease in dendritic spine density in APP KO neurons compared to hemizygous and wild type neurons obtained from the same parental interbreeding of APP mice. Similar results were obtained when the cultures were assessed with the presynaptic marker, synaptophysin. Surprisingly, dendritic spine loss was not restored when purified sAPP was added to the cultures, indicating that the synaptic deficit was not due to the putative neurotrophic properties of sAPP. Recently, several laboratories have reported rapid reductions in synapses following the addition of Aβ to cultured neurons or neuronal slice cultures. Interestingly, when APP KO neurons were treated with Aβ, we did not observe the same decrement in spine density seen in control neurons. Thus, loss of APP led to a relative insensitivity of the neurons to Aβ-induced synapse loss. However, at this time, we cannot exclude the possibility of a floor effect such that there cannot be further reductions in spine density. If these results are confirmed on further testing, they are consistent with our hypothesis that there is a component of Aβ toxicity that is APP dependent, in a pathway that leads to dimerization of APP with subsequent generation and release of the C-terminal fragment coined C31.
<p>BRCA Mutations in Pancreas Cancer: Spectrum, Current Management, Challenges and Future Prospects</p> (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease to treat. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation, and medical therapies, the 5-year survival rate remains below 9%. Over the past decade, the genomic landscape of PDAC has been well studied and <i>BRCA</i> mutations have emerged as a target for the development of more effective therapies. Alterations in germline <i>BRCA</i> and <i>PALB2</i> are detected in approximately 5-9% of patients with PDAC and can lead to homologous repair deficiency (HRD). PDAC with HRD﻿ is more susceptible to cytotoxic agents, such as platinum salts and topoisomerase inhibitors, that cause DNA damage. Furthermore, PARP inhibitors have emerged as an effective non-cytotoxic approach to treating HRD-PDAC. In addition to <i>BRCA</i> and <i>PALB2</i>, germline mutations in other genes involved in the homologous DNA repair pathway - such as <i>ATM</i> and <i>RAD51</i> - are potential targets, as are patients with the "BRCAness" phenotype and somatic mutations in the DNA repair pathway. Given the clinical implications of germline mutation related HRD in PDAC, universal germline testing is now recommended. In this review, we will discuss current and emerging biomarkers for HRD in PDAC, treatments, and the challenges associated with them.
A function of myelin is to protect axons from subsequent injury: implications for deficits in multiple sclerosis (2003)

Once it was thought that the mechanism for development of permanent neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis was understood. Demyelination, the pathological hallmark of the multiple sclerosis lesion, was the culprit. Elegant physiological studies demonstrated that demyelination results in conduction slowing and, in particular, conduction block (McDonald and Sears, 1969). These observations appeared sufficient to explain the majority of deficits in multiple sclerosis. However, clinical observations began to challenge this hypothesis. With the development of MRI, clinicians saw patients with extensive white matter lesion load with minimal or no neurological deficits. Pathological studies demonstrated that lesions observed by MRI were indeed demyelinated and frequently involved eloquent areas of CNS that should have resulted in neurological deficits. Autopsy series made it clear that substantial demyelination, sufficient to make the pathological diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, can be observed in individuals who during life remained normal in neurological function (Mews et al ., 1998). Patients with essentially normal vision have been documented in which the optic nerve and its tracts were completely demyelinated.

The hypothesis that I favour is that demyelination is necessary, but not sufficient, for development of permanent deficits in multiple sclerosis. Demyelination predisposes axons to subsequent secondary injury. …
Fortification du lait de femme à base de protéines de lait d’ânesse ou de vache: impact sur la digestion du prématuré en condition in vitro (2019)

La fortification du lait de femme (LF) est une pratique courante dans l’alimentation des prématurés, pour les aider à rattraper leur retard de croissance. Les fortifiants, généralement à base de protéines de lait de vache hydrolysées (FV), peuvent poser des problèmes d’intolérances alimentaires de par l’immaturité du système digestif du prématuré. Un nouveau fortifiant à base de protéines entières de lait d'ânesse (FA) a été mis au point et testé lors d’un essai clinique randomisé chez les prématurés. Il a été démontré que la fortification de LF par FA réduisait l'intolérance alimentaire, les résidus gastriques bilieux et les épisodes de vomissements par rapport à FV, contenant des protéines hydrolysées. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer comment ces différents fortifiants (FA, FV) affectaient la digestion des macronutriments (protéines et lipides) du LF.\nMatériel et méthodes: Du LF d’enfant prématuré, enrichi avec FA ou FV en conditions isoprotéique et isocalorique, a été digéré à l’aide d’un modèle de digestion in vitro dynamique adapté aux conditions digestives du nouveau-né prématuré. Les échantillons ont été prélevés à différents temps de digestion gastro-intestinale et ont été caractérisés en termes de protéolyse par suivi en électrophorèse et par mesure du degré d’hydrolyse (technique OPA) et de lipolyse par chromatographie en couche mince. La microstructure a été suivi au cours de la digestion par granulométrie à diffraction laser (distribution de taille de particules) et microscopie confocale.\nRésultats et Analyse statistique : Les cinétiques d’hydrolyse des protéines majoritaires de LF ne différaient pas entre les laits au cours de la digestion. Concernant le degré d’hydrolyse global, il était plus élevé avant digestion pour LF+FV que pour LF+FA de par la présence de protéines hydrolysées dans FV. Cette différence était maintenue entre les deux laits au cours de la digestion, mais l’écart était réduit en fin de phase intestinale. Le degré de lipolyse augmentait de la même manière pour les deux types de fortifications au cours de la digestion. De gros agrégats étaient présent dans LF+FA avant et pendant la digestion gastrique. La taille de ces particules était réduite après 60 min de digestion gastrique. Dans la phase intestinale, l'évolution de la taille des particules était similaire entre LF+FA et LF+FV.\nConclusion: La libération des peptides et acides aminés est ralentie pour le lait de femme fortifié avec les protéines entières de lait d’ânesse par rapport à celui fortifié aux protéines hydrolysées de lait bovin. Ceci sera compléter par le dosage des peptides et acides aminés libérés au cours de la digestion. Apporter des protéines entières au nouveau-né avec le FA pourrait d’apporter au prématuré les acides aminés de manière plus progressive, et pourrait ainsi avoir un intérêt physiologique bénéfique pour la maturation du système digestif et immunitaire\n
Anti-Inflammatory Action of Methimazole (1997)

The anti-inflammatory activity of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol (methimazole), the most widely used antithyroid drug, was investigated. Methimazole had a marked inhibitory action on prostaglandin H synthase (IC50 = 10 mumol/l), inhibiting the peroxidase (IC50 = 330 mumol/l), although the cyclo-oxygenase was slightly activated. Methimazole was less potent than indometacin (IC50 = 1.7 mumol/l) on prostaglandin H synthase, but was more potent than acetylsalicylic acid (IC50 = 160 mumol/l). Methimazole has been found to trap superoxide (O2.-) radicals and to decrease the level of blood prostaglandin E2.
Estimation of attraction domains for nonlinear systems of special form (2018)

For a nonlinear system that can be represented as an aggregate of interacting linear subsystems, the problem of finding an estimate of the attraction domain of an equilibrium state is posed. The estimate is sought as a Cartesian product of invariant ellipsoids of the subsystems composing the system. The proposed method relies on results of absolute stability theory and reduces construction of the estimate to solving an LMI system.
Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus in hepatic and stellate cell lines reveals cooperative profibrotic transcriptional activation between viruses and cell types (2016)

HIV accentuates an HCV-driven profibrogenic program in hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines through ROS, NFκB, and TGFβ1 up-regulation; coculture of hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines significantly increased expression of CoL1A1 and TIMP1; and our novel coculture reporter cell model represents an efficient and more authentic system for studying transcriptional fibrosis responses and may provide important insights into hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:1951-1968).
Photoresists for 193-nm lithography (1997)

Photolithography using 193-nm light appears to be a viable route for the extension of optical lithography to the dimensions required for the manufacture of 1Gb DRAM and advanced CMOS microprocessors with 180-140-nm minimum feature sizes. In this paper, we discuss the origin of resist technology for 193-nm lithography and the current status of 193-nm photoresists, focusing on single-layer resist materials. We emphasize the photoresist design approaches under investigation, compare these with deep-UV (DUV) (248-nm) resist design and materials, and consider possible future lithography processes employing 193-nm lithography. Research and development on 193-nm photoresists by the lithography group at the IBM Almaden Research Center is highlighted.