gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Optics: Beyond the Filed of Dreams (1995)

After years of research, much anticipation, and some frustration, integrated photonic components are now key enablers for a new generation of commercial optical systems. In applications, including digital modulators and polarization scramblers in undersea systems, passive components for loop and wavelength-division-multiplexed systems, multi-functional circuits for fiber gyros, and linear modulators for CATV distribution, system designers are increasingly relying upon integrated components. As we go forward in an environment potentially rich with applications, the challenge for integrated photonics will be to react quickly to market needs, reduce costs, and broaden application areas by providing increased functionality through a higher level of integration.
Evaluation of Layer-by-Layer Segmented Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness for Detecting Early Glaucoma According to Different Macular Grids (2017)

Large macular grids have generally high discriminating power for the diagnosis of early glaucoma by SD-OCT. The GCL or GCC thickness in 3 to 6 mm macular grid could be useful for the identification of early glaucomatous structural loss.
Regulation of the actin cycle in vivo by actin filament severing (2000)

Cycling of actin subunits between monomeric and filamentous phases is essential for cell crawling behavior. We investigated actin filament turnover rates, length, number, barbed end exposure, and binding of cofilin in bovine arterial endothelial cells moving at different speeds depending on their position in a confluent monolayer. Fast-translocating cells near the wound edge have short filament lifetimes compared with turnover values that proportionately increase in slower moving cells situated at increasing distances from the wound border. Contrasted with slow cells exhibiting slow actin filament turnover speeds, fast cells have less polymerized actin, shorter actin filaments, more free barbed ends, and less actin-associated cofilin. Cultured primary fibroblasts manifest identical relationships between speed and actin turnover as the endothelial cells, and fast fibroblasts expressing gelsolin have higher actin turnover rates than slow fibroblasts that lack this actin-severing protein. These results implicate actin filament severing as an important control mechanism for actin cycling in cells.
UNUSUAL CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES IN MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND (1982)

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid from a 43-year-old patient showed 4 types of unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies ultrastructurally. Type 1 inclusion is composed of rod and doughnut-shaped bodies aggregated in the cytoplasma and not enclosed by a limiting membrane. Typical neurosecretory granules are intermingled with the rod and doughnut-shaped bodies. The doughnut-shaped bodies often have an electron dense core which is similar to the neurosecretory granules. The rod-shaped bodies are bounded by trilaminar unit membrane and have a slightly electron dense matrix. A centriole is often found associated with this type of inclusion. Type 2 inclusion is composed of small secretory granules and clear vesicles. These inclusions can be found either with or without surrounding membrane. Type 3 inclusion is a large osmiophilic body, or secondary lysosome, in which some degenerated organelles are discernible. Type 4 inclusion is a fragmented nucleus with condensation and margination of the chromatin, so-called karyorrhexis. Routine hematoxylin and eosin sections did not show each type of inclusion but semithin sections stained with Paragon suggested 4 different types of inclusions. Type 3 and 4 inclusions represent forms of degeneration and cell death in the tumor cells and probably represent a remote effect of radiation. Type 1 inclusion is not commonly associated with cell death and may represent a unique organellar aberration in these tumor cells. Type 2 inclusion is simply an aggregation of secretory granules and clear vesicles.
Morphology versus Vertical Phase Segregation in Solvent Annealed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells (2015)

The deep study of solvent annealed small molecules bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on DPP(TBFu) 2 : PC 60 BM blend is carried out. To reveal the reason of the solvent annealing advantage over the thermal one, capacitance-voltage measurements were applied. It was found that controlling the vertical phase segregation in the solar cells a high fullerene population in the vicinity of the cathode could be achieved. This results in increase of the shunt resistance of the cell, thus improving the light harvesting efficiency.
Reducing database locking contention through multi-version concurrency (2014)

In multi-version databases, updates and deletions of records by transactions require appending a new record to tables rather than performing in-place updates. This mechanism incurs non-negligible performance overhead in the presence of multiple indexes on a table, where changes need to be propagated to all indexes. Additionally, an uncommitted record update will block other active transactions from using the index to fetch the most recently committed values for the updated record. In general, in order to support snapshot isolation and/or multi-version concurrency, either each active transaction is forced to search a database temporary area (e.g., roll-back segments) to fetch old values of desired records, or each transaction is forced to scan the entire table to find the older versions of the record in a multi-version database (in the absence of specialized temporal indexes). In this work, we describe a novel kV-Indirection structure to enable efficient (parallelizable) optimistic and pessimistic multi-version concurrency control by utilizing the old versions of records (at most two versions of each record) to provide direct access to the recent changes of records without the need of temporal indexes. As a result, our technique results in higher degree of concurrency by reducing the clashes between readers and writers of data and avoiding extended lock delays. We have a working prototype of our concurrency model and kV-Indirection structure in a commercial database and conducted an extensive evaluation to demonstrate the benefits of our multi-version concurrency control, and we obtained orders of magnitude speed up over the single-version concurrency control.
Methanol as a Gasoline Extender-Fuel Economy, Emissions, and High Temperature Driveability (1974)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Methanol's potential as a gasoline extender has been evaluated, with data being obtained in the areas of fuel economy, exhaust emissions, and driveability. The results of tests with three cars, having carburetion spanning the range normally encountered in the existing car population, showed that methanol's effect on fuel economy and emissions could be directly related to its leaning effect on carburetion. The data suggest that any benefits in these two areas would only be significant for older, rich-operating cars.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 13-car driveability study indicated that the large increase in fuel volatility which occurs with the addition of methanol to gasoline could pose serious problems. A marked increase in vapor locking tendency was observed when no front-end volatility adjustments were made to the methanol blends. Stretchiness, a lack of expected response to throttle movement, was also found with the methanol blends. This operational characteristic, being related to excessively lean operation, was more pronounced with the newer cars tested.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Phase separation is also a potential problem with methanol-gasoline blends. Data are presented which show the effect of including higher molecular weight alcohols along with the methanol. Phase separation still occurred in the presence of less than 1% water.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Taken as a whole, the data suggest that, if it becomes available in large quantities, the use of methanol in applications other than in motor gasoline would be preferred.&lt;/div&gt;
Behavioral indicators of pilot workload (1983)

Using a technique that requires a subject to consult an imagined or remembered spatial array while performing a visual task, a reliable reduction in the number of directed eye movements that are available for the acquisition of visual information is shown.
Continuum Mechanics for Higher Stage Micropolar Materials : 1st Report, Kinematics (1989)

A concept of higher stage polar materials, proposed in the previous report, has extended the usual micropolar theory to the n-stage. It is necessary to construct a generalized continuum mechanics for the higher-stage micropolar materials on the basis of this concept. In the present paper, the kinematics for micropolar materials of stage-2 is discussed as preliminary to this. In order to express the complicated geometric mechanism due to the multimicrostructure of higher stage polar materials, the strain gradient theory is introduced into micropolar theory. The results obtained here are summarized as follows. Micropolar materials of stage-2 have not only the degrees of freedom of displacement and microrotation, which are assigned to the usual micropolar materials of stage-1, but also one of microtorsional rotation. Additionally, transport theorem for each stage is derived.
Breast Delineation using Active Contours to Facilitate Coregistration of Serial MRI Studies for Therapy Response Evaluation (2007)

MRI is the most accurate imaging modality to monitor response of breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, by comparing the tumor volume measured in follow up MRI, taken during the course of therapy, to its baseline value. Due to the deformable nature of the breast, its' shape in MR acquisitions taken in different studies varies significantly. If these images can be co-registered, the location of lesion in each study can be matched. Breast MR images collected often include large areas outside the breast, such as the thoracic region and surrounding air, which may pose a hindrance to registration algorithms. In this paper, we describe a segmentation algorithm to delineate the breast region from the chest by using the invariant, rigid structure such as the chest, as opposed to the use of varying breast outlines employed in currently available solutions. This ensures robustness and reproducibility of our algorithm.
Predicting solar cell recombination from C-V-f fingerprints using machine learning (2022)

Capacitance measurement techniques are powerful methods for characterizing semiconductor devices. Voltage dependent admittance spectroscopy (C-V-f) has recently been used to characterize electronic loss mechanisms in CIGS solar cells. In this work, drift-diffusion simulations of devices are used to create a large dataset of C- V -f loss map images that provide a fingerprint for the electronic loss mechanisms of a solar cell. Analytic extraction of electronic properties from these loss maps is difficult, so a machine learning method for characterizing measured C- V -f profiles of real devices is developed to identify dominant loss mechanisms. The method is demonstrated with a perovskite solar cell. Various properties are simulated including contact work functions, doping concentrations, series resistance, bulk defect concentrations, and interface defect concentrations. To reduce computational complexity, the simulations focus primarily on MAPI bulk defects and C60/MAPI/CuPC interface defects. Principal component analysis is used to verify that different features observed in the loss maps can be represented independently of each other. Although the simulated data appears to be a good candidate for modelling, there could be issues reconciling simulated and experimental data due to factors such as experimental noise, variation in measurement intensity, and contributions not accounted for in the simulation such as perovskite ion migration.
Efficient Model for Replica Consistency Maintenance in Data Grids (2008)

In order to improve the efficiency of replica consistency management, one efficient consistency maintaining model is proposed. In this model, replica clustering coefficient is defined for representing social capacity, by which replica nodes are classified into multi-levels to form one replica-tree, and constitute a peer-to-peer network with first-class replica nodes of different VOs. The experimental results show that the proposed model can reduce conflict number and response time compared with some existing models.
Appport des nanotubes de carbone à la conduction électrique de matériaux organiques (2011)

Ce travail de these propose, par une approche multi-echelles, une comprehension de certains mecanismes de constitution des reseaux percolants de nanotubes de carbone initialement disperses au sein de polymeres thermoplastiques. L'impact du phenomene de « percolation dynamique » sur les proprietes electriques d.c. et a.c. des nanocomposites a ainsi ete etudie par l'etablissement d'inter-relations entre l'organisation des charges et les proprietes resultantes. L'effet de cette auto-organisation des systemes sur les parametres critiques d.c. de la loi de percolation statistique sont discutes. Des origines a la percolation dynamique sont proposees et permettent d'envisager de nombreuses applications industrielles. A titre d'exemple, le controle sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur de la permittivite et de la conductivite est propose, certaines valeurs n'etant pas accessibles avec les methodes conventionnelles.
The challenges of success: adolescents with perinatal HIV infection (2013)

The great success in the prevention and treatment of pediatric HIV in high resource countries, and now in low resource countries, has changed the face of the HIV epidemic in children from one of near certain mortality to that of a chronic disease. However, these successes pose new challenges as perinatally HIV-infected youth survive into adulthood. Increased survival of HIV-infected children is associated with challenges in maintaining adherence to what is likely life-long therapy, and in selecting successive antiretroviral drug regimens, given the limited availability of pediatric formulations, limitations in pharmacokinetic and safety data of drugs in children, and the development of extensive drug resistance in multi-drug-experienced children. Pediatric HIV care must now focus on morbidity related to long-term HIV infection and its treatment. Survival into adulthood of perinatally HIV-infected youth in high resource countries provides important lessons about how the epidemic will change with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy for children in low resource countries. This series of papers will focus on issues related to management of perinatally infected youth and young adults.
Données récentes sur les effets de l'alimentation sur la composition en acides gras du lait de vache (2008)

This review gives an update of available data on the effect of nutrition on cow milk fatty acid (FA) composition. It starts by an overview of the main digestive and metabolic pathways involved in the milk fat secretion processes. Used data are originated from literature and from one database developed by INRA. Altogether, analyses confirm the wide plasticity of milk FA profiles in dairy cow, peculiarly for the saturated FA (10 to 18 carbon), oleic (9c-18:1) and vaccenic (11t-18:1) acids, and other trans isomers of 18:1 and 18:2. Comparing effects of diets with large amount of concentrate and/or maize silage with grass-based diets (grazed or correctly preserved) shows a decrease in saturated FA, at the expense of 9c-and 11t-18:1, and to a lesser extent, 18:3 n-3 and 9c11t-CLA. Dietary supplements of plant oil or oilseeds have similar effects, sometimes more marked, but they increase simultaneously other trans isomers of 18:1 and 18:2, especially when added to maize silage and/or high-concentrate diets. Oils or seeds rich in 18:2 n-6 (sunflower, soybean,) increase particularly 10t-18:1, and 10t12c-, 8t10c-, 7t9c-and 9t11c-CLA, whereas those rich in 18:3 n-3 (linseed) enhance notably 13t/14t-18:1, and 9ct12-, 9ct13-and 11tc15-18:2.
Scalable processor architecture for Java with explicitthread support (1997)

A scalable processor architecture for multi-threaded Java™ applications is presented. The proposed architecture consists of multiple application-specific processing elements, each able to execute a single thread at one time. The architecture is evaluated by implementing a portable and scalable Java machine on an FPGA board for demonstration.
A theory ofnonverticaltriplet energy transfer in terms of accurate potential energy surfaces: The transfer reaction from π,π* triplet donors to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (2004)

Triplet energy transfer (TET) from aromatic donors to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) is an extreme case of "nonvertical" behavior, where the transfer rate for low-energy donors is considerably faster than that predicted for a thermally activated (Arrhenius) process. To explain the anomalous TET of COT and other molecules, a new theoretical model based on transition state theory for nonadiabatic processes is proposed here, which makes use of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PES) of reactants and products, as computed from high-level quantum mechanical methods, and a nonadiabatic transfer rate constant. It is shown that the rate of transfer depends on a geometrical distortion parameter gamma=(2g(2)/kappa(1))(1/2) in which g stands for the norm of the energy gradient in the PES of the acceptor triplet state and kappa(1) is a combination of vibrational force constants of the ground-state acceptor in the gradient direction. The application of the model to existing experimental data for the triplet energy transfer reaction to COT from a series of pi,pi(*) triplet donors, provides a detailed interpretation of the parameters that determine the transfer rate constant. In addition, the model shows that the observed decrease of the acceptor electronic excitation energy is due to thermal activation of C=C bond stretchings and C-C bond torsions, which collectively change the ground-state COT bent conformation (D(2d)) toward a planar triplet state (D(8h)).
Plasmonic Bi Metal Deposition and g-C3N4 Coating on Bi2WO6 Microspheres for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis (2016)

A low-cost semiconductor-based photocatalyst using visible light energy has attracted increasing interest for energy generation and environmental remediation. Herein, plasmonic Bi metal was deposited in situ in g-C3N4@Bi2WO6 microspheres via a hydrothermal method. As an electron-conduction bridge, metallic Bi was inserted as the interlayer between g-C3N4 and the surface of Bi2WO6 microspheres to enhance visible light absorption due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and facilitate efficient electron-carrier separation. Different characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–vis, XPS, photoluminescence, and photocurrent generation, were employed to investigate the morphology and optical properties of the as-prepared samples. The results indicated that the g-C3N4(20%)@Bi@Bi2WO6 microsphere sample exhibited an extraordinary enhanced photocatalytic activity, higher than those of the g-C3N4, Bi2WO6, and g-C3N4(20%)@Bi2WO6 samples. It implies that the heterostructured combination of g-C3N4, metallic Bi, and Bi2WO6 microspheres provided synergistic photocatalytic activity via an efficient electron transfer process. On the basis of the results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the as-prepared samples was proposed. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing low-cost metallic Bi as a substitute for noble metals to design a doped photocatalysis composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Cigu Xiaozhi pills's influence on lipid peroxidation and TNF-α expressionin liver tissues of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2010)

TNF-alpha plays an important role in NASH pathogenesis. Cigu Xiaozhi pills can effectively treat experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats, and its mechanism may be associated with ameliorating hepatocellular steatosis, removing the free radicals and enhancing the capability of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory.
Enhancement of RNA cleavage activity of 10–23 DNAzyme by covalently introduced intercalator (2006)

By introducing an intercalator through D-threoninol to the 10-23 DNAzyme at the junction between its catalytic loop and the binding arm, the RNA cleavage activity was greatly improved.
Characterization of clones of tumorigenic feline cells transformed by a chemical carcinogen (1981)

Tumorigenic clonal lines derived from soft agar colonies induced by DMBA-transformed feline embryo cells were isolated and characterized. The morphologically altered clonal cells formed large aggregates, growing in this aggregate form when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base and forming colonies in soft agar with high efficiency. When inoculated into athymic nude mice, chemically altered clonal cells produced progressively growing sarcomas. Cells established from the tumors morphologically resembled the DMBA-transformed feline embryo cells and were characterized as cat cells by karyological analysis. The tumorigenic lines were negative for feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA), and for "gag-X" the transformation-related polyprotein which is encoded by the replication defective feline sarcoma virus.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Analysis of N Phenazine -1-carboxamides Analogs as Anti mycobacterial Agents (2014)

rd of the world’s population is already infected with TB. Every year, more than eight million new people develop active tuberculosis, and 2 million people die from TB. anti-tubercular agents, mole cular modeling analysis was performed to develop QSAR models that show substantial predictive promise for N-substituted p henazine activity with low standard error of estimation (0.2 22). Model (q 2 =0.600) and external predictivity ( r 2 pred tubercular activity is predominantly explained by t he topological descriptor (IC3) and empirical in design of inhibitors with enhanced potency.
High-dose hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal chordoma (2021)

Neoadjuvant high-dose, hypofractionated SBRT for spinal chordoma is safe and does not increase surgical morbidities. Early outcomes at 2 years are promising, although long-term follow-up is pending.
Phase Shifts in Stochastic Resonance (1992)

The response of an overdamped bistable system to a weak periodic force in the presence of external noise is investigated using linear-response theory and by analog electronic experiment. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that a phase lag $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ exists between the force and the response, and that $|\ensuremath{\varphi}|$ passes through a maximum when the noise intensity is tuned through the range where stochastic resonance occurs. These results clarify the interrelation between stochastic resonance and conventional resonance phenomena, and confirm that stochastic resonance can usefully be treated by linear-response theory.
Biomarkers of Response to Low-Dose Aspirin in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients (2023)

Although low-dose Aspirin appropriately inhibited the platelet, persistently high systemic TXA<sub>2</sub> and PGE<sub>2</sub> biosynthesis were found, plausibly for a marginal inhibitory effect on prostanoid biosynthesis in the colorectum. Novel chemotherapeutic strategies in FAP can involve blocking the effects of TXA<sub>2</sub> and PGE<sub>2</sub> signaling with receptor antagonists.