gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolome‐genome‐wide association study dissects genetic architecture for generating natural variation in rice secondary metabolism (2014)

Plants produce structurally diverse secondary (specialized) metabolites to increase their fitness for survival under adverse environments. Several bioactive compounds for new drugs have been identified through screening of plant extracts. In this study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted to investigate the genetic architecture behind the natural variation of rice secondary metabolites. GWAS using the metabolome data of 175 rice accessions successfully identified 323 associations among 143 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 89 metabolites. The data analysis highlighted that levels of many metabolites are tightly associated with a small number of strong quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The tight association may be a mechanism generating strains with distinct metabolic composition through the crossing of two different strains. The results indicate that one plant species produces more diverse phytochemicals than previously expected, and plants still contain many useful compounds for human applications.
Quantitative measurement of laminar material properties and structure using time domain reflection imaging (2008)

Time domain terahertz (TD-THz) reflection imaging tomography can be used to investigate the laminar structure of objects. In a monostatic configuration, a sequence of pulses is generated by reflection from each discontinuity in index of refraction. Through analysis of the return pulses, the material absorption and index of refraction properties of each layer can be determined. TD-THz reflection tomography can be used to precisely measure the thickness of coatings such as yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBC) on aircraft engine turbine blades; paint on aircraft, ships, and cars; and other thin film measurement applications. In each of these cases, precise determination of the optical delay of the TD-THz pulses is required with as little as sub-10 femtosecond precision for pulses which can be greater than 500 fs in duration. We present a method to accurately measure optical delay between layers where the pulses are fit to a reference template. These are demonstrated to achieve micron scale accuracy in coating thickness. As an example, TD-THz non destructive evaluation (NDE) imaging is used to two-dimensionally map the thickness of YSZ TBCs on aircraft engine turbine blades. Indications of thermal degradation can be seen. The method is non-contact, rapid, and requires no special preparation of the blade.
Determination of the bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella tarda in fish species by capillary electrophoresis with blue light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence (2004)

High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) has been applied to the identification, separation, and quantitation of intact bacteria. We demonstrate that a pathogen (Edwardsiella tarda) which causes systemic infection in commercially important fish species can be rapidly identified and determined (< 10 min) after direct injection into fish fluid by CE blue light-emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence. SYTO 13 (488 nm/509 nm), a cell-permeable green nucleic acid stain, was used to stain the cells. Remarkably high efficiency (> 1,200,000 theoretical plates/m) was achieved with this rapid and efficient CE method. It was found that proper sample vortexing (90 s) would be beneficial to disperse aggregated cells and facilitate the focusing of intact cells during electrophoresis. Ionization of the surface constituents of Edwardsiella tarda cells provided efficient surface charges for the intact cells to be separated from the EOF and damaged or lysed cells when the separation was performed in running buffer (3.94 mM Tris, 0.56 mM borate, 0.013 mM EDTA) at pH 10.5. The limit of detection (LOD) and recovery were found to be 4.2 x 10(4) cells/mL and 70.0%, respectively. This proposed CE method could become an effective tool for diagnosis and tracking of certain diseases caused by bacteria in fish species as well as in human beings.
Stratification of patients with autoinflammatory phenotypes by interferon (IFN) score suggests a new group of IFN mediated autoinflammatory diseases with overlapping clinical phenotypes (2015)

Stratification of patients with autoinflammatory phenotypes by interferon (IFN) score suggests a new group of IFN mediated autoinflammatory diseases with overlapping clinical phenotypes A Almeida de Jesus, Z Deng, S Brooks, H Kim, G Montealegre, D Chapelle, Y Liu, B Marrero, L Malle, M O’Brien, W Goodspeed, Y Huang, P Hashkes, G Nasrullayeva, MT Terreri, C Silva, B Arabshahi, K O’Neill, M Punaro, L Moorthy, A Reinhardt, V Lilleby, J Niemela, S Rosenzweig, T Fleisher, R Goldbach-Mansky
Field-Dependent Domain Distortion and Interlayer Polarization Distribution inPbTiO3/SrTiO3Superlattices (2013)

The remnant polarization of weakly coupled ferroelectric-dielectric superlattices is distributed unequally between the component layers, and as a result the components respond differently to applied electric fields. The difference is apparent in both the nanometer-scale structure of striped polarization domains and in the development of piezoelectric strain and field-induced polarization. Both effects are probed with in situ time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a PbTiO(3)/SrTiO(3) superlattice in fields up to 2.38 MV/cm. Domains are initially distorted to increase the polarization in the SrTiO(3) layer while retaining the striped motif. The subsequent transformation to a uniform polarization state at a later time leads to piezoelectric expansion dominated by the field-induced polarization of the SrTiO(3) layers. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions of the field dependence of the domain structure and electrical polarization.
Removal of NO by Reversible Adsorption on Fe−Mn Based Transition Metal Oxides (2001)

A series of Fe−Mn-based transition metal oxides were prepared and used for NO adsorption at 25 °C in the presence of O2. The sorbents were also characterized by BET surface area, TPD, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. Both TGA and chemiluminescent NO/NOx analyzer experiments showed that the mixed oxides were efficient and reversible sorbents for NO removal. The NOx capacity decreased in the order of Fe−Mn−Ti, Fe−Mn−Zr > Fe−Mn−Ce, Fe−Mn−Ni > Fe−Mn−Co > Fe−Mn−Cu, Fe−Mn. The maximum NOx capacity reached 42−45 mg/g of sorbent for the Fe−Mn−Ti and Fe−Mn−Zr oxides. SO2 and CO2 decreased the NOx adsorption amount only slightly. H2O decreased the NOx adsorption significantly, but the inhibition was reversible. TPD profiles indicated that NOx species could desorb at temperatures below 400 °C. The high efficiency for NO removal on these oxides was related to their high activities in NO oxidation to NO2 at 25 °C. FTIR spectra showed that the nitrate was the final species for NO adsorption. NO2 and nitrite were the intermediates during nitrate formation on the oxides.
Reciprocal Regulation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase and Phospholipase D (2015)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical sensor of energy sufficiency, acts as central metabolic switch in cell metabolism. Once activated by low energy status, AMPK phosphorylates key regulatory substrates and turns off anabolic biosynthetic pathways. In contrast, the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is active when there are sufficient nutrients for anabolic reactions. A critical factor regulating mTOR is phosphatidic acid (PA), a central metabolite of membrane lipid biosynthesis and the product of the phospholipase D (PLD)-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. PLD is a downstream target of the GTPase Rheb, which is turned off in response to AMPK via the tuberous sclerosis complex. Although many studies have linked AMPK with mTOR, very little is known about the connection between AMPK and PLD. In this report, we provide evidence for reciprocal regulation of PLD by AMPK and regulation of AMPK by PLD and PA. Suppression of AMPK activity led to an increase in PLD activity, and conversely, activation of AMPK suppressed PLD activity. Suppression of PLD activity resulted in elevated AMPK activity. Exogenously supplied PA abolished the inhibitory effects of elevated AMPK activity on mTOR signaling. In contrast, exogenously supplied PA could not overcome the effect AMPK activation if either mTOR or Raptor was suppressed, indicating that the inhibitory effects of PLD and PA on AMPK activity are mediated by mTOR. These data suggest a reciprocal feedback mechanism involving AMPK and the PLD/mTOR signaling node in cancer cells with therapeutic implications.
Inside Cover: Mechanism‐Oriented Redesign of an Isomaltulose Synthase to an Isomelezitose Synthase by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis (ChemBioChem 1/2012) (2011)

The inside cover picture shows the sucrose isomerase from Protaminobacter rubrum. Sequence and structure alignments in combination with mechanism-based docking studies (close-up view) revealed target sites for site-directed mutagenesis, thus enabling the synthesis of the trisaccharide isomelezitose in up to 70 % yield. For more information, see the paper by J. Seibel et al. on p. 149 ff.
Motion segmentation and tracking using normalized cuts (2002)

We propose a motion segmentation algorithm that aims to break a scene into its most prominent moving groups. A weighted graph is constructed on the image sequence by connecting pixels that are in the spatiotemporal neighborhood of each other. At each pixel, we define motion profile vectors which capture the probability distribution of the image velocity. The distance between motion profiles is used to assign a weight on the graph edges. Using normalised cuts we find the most salient partitions of the spatiotemporal graph formed by the image sequence. For segmenting long image sequences, we have developed a recursive update procedure that incorporates knowledge of segmentation in previous frames for efficiently finding the group correspondence in the new frame.
Clinical Approval Success Rates for Investigational Cancer Drugs (2013)

We examined development risks for new cancer drugs. For the full study period, the estimated clinical approval success rate for cancer compounds was 13.4% (9.9% for the first half of the study period, 19.8% for the second half). Small molecules had a somewhat higher clinical approval success rate than did large molecules (14.3 vs. 11.5%). Compounds studied solely in hematologic indications had markedly higher estimated clinical approval success rates than did compounds studied only in solid tumor indications (36.0 vs. 9.8%). The first, second, and third cancer indications pursued had estimated clinical approval success rates of 9.0, 8.2, and 6.9%, respectively. Success rates of second and third indications were found to be highly dependent on the success or failure of the first indication pursued (54.9 and 42.4%, respectively, for second and third indications if the first indication is a success, but 2.5 and 1.8%, respectively, if the first indication is a failure).
Assessing the effects of a sexually transmitted disease educational intervention on fraternity and sorority members’ knowledge and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors (2016)

Results support that brief STD educational interventions can increase STD knowledge. College health centers must aim to provide sexual health education to all students at every visit.
Contractile protein system in the asexual stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1996)

F-actin was detected in asexual-stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites by fluorescence microscopy of blood films stained with fluorescent phalloidin derivatives. F-actin was present at all stages of development and appeared diffusely distributed in trophic parasites, but merozoites stained strongly at the poles and peripheries. No filament bundles could be discerned. A similar distribution was obtained by immunofluorescence with 2 polyclonal anti-actin antibodies, one of which was directed against a peptide sequence present only in parasite actin (as inferred from the DNA sequence of the gene). A monoclonal anti-actin antibody stained very mature or rupturing schizonts but not immature parasites. Myosin was identified in immunoblots of parasite protein extracts by several monoclonal anti-skeletal muscle myosin antibodies, as well as by a polyclonal antiserum directed against a consensus conserved myosin sequence (IQ motif). The identity of the polypeptides recognized by these antibodies was confirmed by overlaying blots with biotinylated F-actin. The antiserum and one of the monoclonal antibodies were used in immunofluorescence studies and were found to stain all blood-stage parasites, with maximal intensity towards the poles of merozoites. Our results are consistent with the presence of an actomyosin motor system in the blood-stage malaria parasite.
Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 Thin Films and Their Crystal Structure (1999)

Epitaxial SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using Bi(CH 3 ) 3 –Sr[Ta(O·C 2 H 5 ) 6 ] 2 –O 2 sources. The SBT phase with the c -axis oriented normal to the substrate and the fluorite phase with its a -axis oriented normal to the substrate could be deposited onto (100)SrTiO 3 and (100)yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates at 640 and 750°C, respectively. On the other hand, the films deposited onto (100)LaAlO 3 substrates consisted of the a -axis oriented fluorite phase together with the c -axis oriented SBT phase when the deposition temperature was greater than 640°C. These epitaxial relationships appear to be related to the crystal structure and lattice mismatch between the film and substrate.
Status of Nb Pb superconducting RF gun cavities (2007)

We report on the progress and status of an electron RFgun made of two superconductors: niobium and lead [1]. The presented design combines the advantages of the RF performance of bulk niobium superconducting cavities and the reasonably high quantum efficiency of lead. The design of RF-gun and performance of 3 test cavities without and with the emitting lead spot are reported in this contribution. Measured quantum efficiency for lead at 2K is presented briefly. More details are reported in [9].
Thymidine phosphorylase activity in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma tissues (2001)

High TP activity in tumor tissues from patients with primary lung carcinoma did not reflect the malignant potential of the disease.
Our way to Taipei (2005)

Ten years of international CSCL conferences give proper reason to reflect on the development of the CSCL community. Based on an analysis of conference proceedings, lists of participants and lists of program committee members, this paper provides insights about the development of the CSCL community in its first decade. A focus is set on the continuity of active and passive membership, the geographical distribution and the international connectivity of the community.Contrary to our expectations, only a relatively small number of people participate continuously in the community. Concerning the geographical distribution we found that the community is increasingly international in conference participation, authors, and program committees. The international connectivity of the community is also increasing which can be seen in a growing number of citations and co-authorships across different countries. These results can serve as a basis for further cultivation of the CSCL community.
Lumboperitoneal Shunting (1993)

THERE IS A shortage of data concerning the long-term follow-up of patients with lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts, especially in the pediatric population. A retrospective study of 143 patients who underwent LP shunting between 1974 and 1991 was therefore performed. The mean age at the time of shunt insertion was 3.3 years (range, 18 d to 17.8 yr), and the indication for shunting was: hydrocephalus (81%), cerebrospinal fluid fistula (12%), and pseudotumor cerebri (7%). The mean follow-up time was 5.7 years (range, 5 d to 17.5 yr), and during this period, there were five deaths of which one was shunt related (2.5 yr post-shunt insertion). Of the types of LP shunt used during the study period, the T-tube shunt (101 patients) fared significantly better (P = 0.003) than the percutaneous type (42 patients), and the overall survival characteristics for the T-tube shunt approximated those seen for ventriculoperitoneal shunts, with a 50% probability of remaining free of malfunctions for 5 years. A high rate of migration (19%) was partially responsible for the poor performance of the percutaneous-type shunts. By the end of the study, 40 patients (28%) had been converted to ventricular shunts, and this rate of conversion was similar for both shunt types. LP shunts have certain advantages over other forms of cerebrospinal fluid diversion and were successfully used for various clinical conditions during this study. However, LP shunting is associated with some unique complications, and there was evidence of scoliosis in 14%, back stiffness in 13.7%, back pain in 10%, sciatica in 10%, neurological changes in the lower limbs in 6%, and symptomatic tonsillar herniation in 4.2% of the study patients. As we have recently reported, the incidence of hindbrain herniation may be as high as 70% in asymptomatic patients with LP shunts; we suggest that these unique complications be borne in mind at the time of shunt insertion and at subsequent follow-up.
Electronic properties of substitutional impurities in InGaN monolayer quantum wells (2015)

InGaN alloys and, in particular, InGaN monolayer quantum wells (MLQWs) are attracting an increasing amount of interest for opto-electronic applications. Impurities, incorporated during growth, can introduce electronic states that can degrade the performance of such devices. For this reason, we present a density functional and group theoretical study of the electronic properties of C, H, or O impurities in an InGaN MLQW. Analysis of the formation energy and symmetry reveals that these impurities are mostly donors and can be held accountable for the reported degradation of InGaN-based devices.
LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans (2005)

Receptors of the LIN-12/Notch family mediate cell-cell interactions during animal development, and aberrations in LIN-12/Notch signaling have been implicated in human disease. Studies in C. elegans have been instrumental in defining the basic features of the LIN-12/Notch pathway, the role of LIN-12/Notch proteins as receptors for intercellular signals, the mechanism of signal transduction, and the regulation of LIN-12/Notch signaling during cell fate decisions. This chapter is focused on detailing how the "awesome power of C. elegans genetics" has identified many core components and modulators of LIN-12/Notch activity.
Direct observation of energy transfer in a photosynthetic membrane: chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a transfer in LHC (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTDirect observation of energy transfer in a photosynthetic membrane: chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a transfer in LHCDaniel D. Eads, Edward W. Castner Jr., Randall S. Alberte, Laurens Mets, and Graham R. FlemingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 26, 8271–8275Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100363a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100363a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets <i>via</i> Thermal Exfoliation of Pretreated Graphite at Low Temperature (2010)

In this work, we synthesized graphene nanosheets via a soft chemistry synthetic route involving pre-exfoliation treatment, strong oxidation, and post thermal exfoliation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the ordered graphite crystal structure and morphology of graphene nanosheets. N2 adsorption was used to determine the specific surface area of graphene nanosheets. As a result, pre-treatment of the graphite with HNO3/H2SO4 mixture produced the exfoliated graphite nanoplates, and the post thermal exfoliation of the graphite oxide nanosheets at low temperature led to produce a large number graphene nanosheets. The specific surface area of obtained graphene nanosheets was 333 m2/g.
Synthesis of Inorganic Fullerene-Like Molecules (2003)

The reaction of [Cp*Fe(eta5-P5)] with Cu(I)Cl in solvent mixtures of CH2Cl2/CH3CN leads to the formation of entirely inorganic fullerene-like molecules of the formula [[Cp*Fe(eta5:eta1:eta1:eta1:eta1:eta1-P5)]12[CuCl]10[Cu2Cl3]5[Cu(CH3CN)2]5] (1) possessing 90 inorganic core atoms. This compound represents a structural motif similar to that of C60: cyclo-P5 rings of [Cp*Fe(eta5-P5)] molecules are surrounded by six-membered P4Cu2 rings that result from the coordination of each of the phosphorus lone pairs to CuCl metal centers, which are further coordinated by P atoms of other cyclo-P5 rings. Thus, five- and six-membered rings alternate in a manner comparable to that observed in the fullerene molecules. The so-formed half shells are joined by [Cu2Cl3]- as well as by [Cu(CH3CN)2]+ units. The spherical body has an inside diameter of 1.25 nanometers and an outside diameter of 2.13 nanometers, which is about three times as large as that of C60.
[Review: Symposium on Applied Glycoscience] Bioethanol Production from Herbaceous Feedstocks with a CaCCO Process (2013)

稲わらなどの草本系バイオマス原料には，セルロースやキシランなどの細胞壁成分以外にも，澱粉やショ糖などの易分解性糖質が存在し，その種類・含有量は，原料品種，生育過程，貯蔵方法などにより異なることが明らかとなっている。我々は，易分解性糖質を含む原料中の糖質成分を効果的にエタノールに変換できるCaCCO(Calcium Capturing by Carbonation)プロセスを開発した。本法は水酸化カルシウム前処理物の中和に二酸化炭素を用いることを特徴としており,固液分離工程を含まないシンプルなプロセスであるため，易分解性糖質や前処理により可溶化した糖質を効果的に利用できる等のメリットがある。前処理条件の検討により，湿潤原料の安定的貯蔵や前処理コスト低減などに有効な改良型CaCCO(RT-CaCCO)プロセスを構築した。CaCCOプロセスにおける酵素糖化工程について検討を行い，二酸化炭素加圧条件下で糖化反応を行うことが有効であることを見出した。また，糖化酵素の効率的生産技術として，Trichoderma reeseiを用いた可溶性糖質連続フィード培養基盤技術を構築した。