gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the change in the chloroplastic nitrogen fractions and the rate of oxygen evolution in rice plants (1975)

Chloroplasts and the lamellae systems were isolated from rice leaves and the change with leaf age in the nitrogen fractions localized In the lamellae systems and the stroma region was examined.The pattern of the change in these two chloroplastlc nitrogen fractions varied according to the leaf position.In order to find out the relationship between the change ln the chloroplastlc nitrogen fractions and the photosynthetic activity of a leaf, the rate of oxygen evolution of leaf sections on a total leaf nitrogen basia was also followed.The rate of oxygen evolution/total leaf nitrogen was affected by two factors.i.e., lamellae nitrogen/ total leaf nitrogen and the lamellae-stroma composition of the chloroplast.An increase in lamellae nitrogen/total leaf nitrogen caused an Jncrease in oxygen evolution, whereas an Jncreaae ln the proportion of stroma nitrogen in chloroplast brought about the negative effect.Consequently, oxygen evolution/total leaf nitrogen had a close correlation with an Index of lamellae nitrogen 1 /total leaf nitrogen X chloroplast nitrogen.The relationship with the photosynthetic effie! ency of the leaf nitrogen Is also discussed.
A Nondimensional Analysis to Characterize Thermomagnetic Convection of a Temperature Sensitive Magnetic Fluid in a Flow Loop (2014)

This paper presents results from theoretical and numerical studies of a single-phase, temperature sensitive magnetic fluid operating under steady-state laminar flow conditions in a partially heated thermomagnetic circulation loop under the influence of an external magnetic field (created by a solenoid). A one-dimensional theoretical model has been developed using scaling arguments to characterize thermomagnetic circulation in this loop in terms of the geometric length scales, magnetic fluid properties, and the strength of the imposed magnetic field. In parallel to this theoretical analysis, supporting numerical simulations using Comsol Multiphysics simulation software have been undertaken to obtain data for use in this 1D model. Comparison between experimental data and numerical simulation results and also a grid sensitivity analysis was carried out to validate the numerical simulation. A correlation for the nondimensional heat transfer (Nusselt number) as a function of the appropriate magnetic Rayleigh number and a correlation for the mass flow rate based on the system's properties are developed.
A covalently linked probe to monitor local membrane properties surrounding plasma membrane proteins (2022)

Functional membrane proteins in the plasma membrane are suggested to have specific membrane environments that play important roles to maintain and regulate their function. However, the local membrane environments of membrane proteins remain largely unexplored due to the lack of available techniques. We have developed a method to probe the local membrane environment surrounding membrane proteins in the plasma membrane by covalently tethering a solvatochromic, environment-sensitive dye, Nile Red, to a GPI-anchored protein and the insulin receptor through a flexible linker. The fluidity of the membrane environment of the GPI-anchored protein depended upon the saturation of the acyl chains of the lipid anchor. The local environment of the insulin receptor was distinct from the average plasma membrane fluidity and was quite dynamic and heterogeneous. Upon addition of insulin, the local membrane environment surrounding the receptor specifically increased in fluidity in an insulin receptor-kinase dependent manner and on the distance between the dye and the receptor.
Homogenization of periodic metamaterials by field averaging over unit cell boundaries: use and limitations (2013)

We revise the method of periodic metamaterials homogenization initially proposed by Pendry, Holden, Robbins and Stewart (PHRS). The shortcomings of the PHRS derivation of the basic formulae of their method are outlined, subtleties of the method implementation are discussed and the range of validity of both the PHRS method and its later modifications are analyzed. We then give a rigorous derivation of the PHRS averaging formulae in the static approximation and modify the PHRS method to account for the phase advance of an incident wave across the unit cells of metamaterials beyond the quasistatic regime. The advantages of our proposed method are illustrated by numerical calculations of the effective parameters of some periodic metamaterials.
Design and Synthesis of Novel and Potent Inhibitors of the Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease, Matriptase, Based upon the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 (2007)

Matriptase, initially isolated from human breast cancer cells in culture, is a member of the emerging class of type II transmembrane serine proteases. Matriptase blockade could potentially modulate tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (1, SFTI-1), isolated from sunflower seeds, exhibits very potent matriptase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these findings, we designed and synthesized 13 analogues of the naturally occurring peptide 1 with the intention to explore the structure-activity relationships of this type of bicyclic peptides and to improve inhibitory selectivity and metabolic stability of the disulfide-bridge-containing peptide 1. We discovered that the methylenedithioether-bridged compound 14 demonstrates very potent binding affinity to matriptase. Compound 8 exhibits much better selectivity for inhibition of matriptase versus thrombin, whereas compound 2 becomes a more potent thrombin inhibitor, which can be potentially used as an anticoagulant for prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolism.
A Holistic Approach for Performance Analysing of Embedded Storage Array (2015)

There is an increase in data intensive applications now a days. With this popularity of data intensive applications, the data requests gets flooded in the network and creates a bottleneck near the storage disks. The existing architecture contains different set of storage nodes with huge amount of disk capacity and data scattered among these storage nodes. The Application request is broken down into multiple I/O requests and routed to various storage nodes to get serviced. When considering the performance modelling of such storage nodes in network, researchers tend to propose the performance modelling of the system from the perspective of application and factors hindering the functioning of applications. None of the papers have ever discussed in detail how and what approach was adhered to realise the proposed performance modelling. This paper proposes a holistic approach for validating the proposed performance model of an embedded storage array. The holistic approach will mostly cover how the configuration and component architecture of storage array and tools are to be used for validation of mathematical model along with application workloads.
Reduction of gain-saturation in merged beam lasers (2012)

We present an InP-based laser with Y-coupling [1] inspired resonator cavity. This design allows the reduction of gain-saturation and two-photon absorption [2]. This is achieved by increasing the cross-section of laser mode (reducing the field intensity) while maintaining single spatial mode operation, which is very important in numerous semiconductor laser applications. This design can be applied to wide-waveguide lasers [3], as in this work, as well as to SCOWL (slab-coupled optical waveguide laser) [4].
The safety of hand‐assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: The Ohio State University experience with 1500 cases (2014)

Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor (HALD) nephrectomy has been performed at our institution since December 1999. Through May 2014, a total of 1500 HALD procedures have been performed. We have evaluated the outcomes of HALD. The HALD procedure consists of a hand-port incision as well as two 12-mm ports. Mean donor age was 40.8 ± 10.8 yr, BMI was 27.9 ± 5.0, there were 541 males, 1271 Caucasians, and the left kidney was removed in 1236 patients. All procedures were successfully completed. Four donors (0.27%) were converted to an open technique due to bleeding. Four donors required blood transfusions. 53 donors (3.5%) were readmitted in the first month post-donation; almost half were due to gastrointestinal complaints. Six donors required reoperation; three for SBO and three for wound dehiscence. 27 patients (1.8%) developed incisional hernias. Seven donors (0.47%) developed bowel obstruction. All donors recovered well with a mean hospital stay after donation of 2.1 ± 0.3 d. All except one kidney were successfully implanted. Twenty-one recipients (1.4%) experienced DGF. Ureter complications occurred in 17 (1.1%) recipients. Early graft loss occurred in 13 patients (0.9%). In conclusion, HALD is a safe procedure for the donor with good recipient outcomes.
Assessment design for emergent game-based learning (2013)

Educational games may lend themselves to innovative forms of learning assessment. This paper reports on game-based science learning assessments that explore how to measure the emergent learning that takes place in games by revealing tacit knowledge development. This research combines video analysis and educational data mining to identify cognitive strategies that emerge through gameplay. By studying the video and click data from high school learners playtesting the game, Impulse, we identify systematic ways of predicting the observed strategies and making possible connections to formal science learning.
Comparison of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart and Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Uncontrolled, Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Phase 3a, Randomized, Treat-to-Target Trial (2014)

IDegAsp BID effectively improves HbA1c and fasting PG levels with fewer hypoglycemia episodes versus BIAsp 30 in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes previously treated with once- or twice-daily pre- or self-mixed insulin.
TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Control of the Life and Death Balance of Macrophages (2019)

Macrophages stand in the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens but are also involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To fulfill their functions macrophages sense a broad range of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Intriguingly, the overwhelming majority of PPRs trigger the production of the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). TNF affects almost any type of cell including macrophages themselves. TNF promotes the inflammatory activity of macrophages but also controls macrophage survival and death. TNF exerts its activities by stimulation of two different types of receptors, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, which are both expressed by macrophages. The two TNF receptor types trigger distinct and common signaling pathways that can work in an interconnected manner. Based on a brief general description of major TNF receptor-associated signaling pathways, we focus in this review on research of recent years that revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network controls the life and death balance of macrophages. In particular, we discuss how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network is integrated into PRR signaling.
Interaction of particles with non-central potential: gradient flows and singular solutions for evolution of geometric continuum quantities (2006)

Abstract. Evolutionary PDEs for geometric order parameters that admit propagating singular solutions are introduced and discussed. These singular solutions arise as a result of the competition between nonlinear and nonlocal processes in various familiar vector spaces. Several examples are given. The motivating example is the directed self assembly of a large number of particles for technological purposes such as nano-science processes, in which the particle interactions are anisotropic. This application leads to the derivation and analysis of gradient flow equations on Lie algebra valued densities. The Riemannian structure of these gradient flow equations is also discussed. Contents
Epidemiology and factors associated with cannabis use among patients with glaucoma in the All of Us Research Program (2023)

This study elucidated the previously uncharacterized epidemiology and factors associated with cannabis use among OAG patients, which may help to identify patients requiring additional outreach on unsupervised marijuana use.
Plastic Electronics: The Influence of Morphology on High‐Performance Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors (Adv. Mater. 2/2009) (2009)

On p. 209, Wojciech Pisula, Klaus Müllen, and co-workers report on directionally oriented, high-performance polymer field-effect transistors for plastic electronics. The cover shows the applied alignment from solution, resulting in pronounced macroscopic ordering of the copolymer chains and finally in excellent transistor behavior, which is promising for applications in, for example, flexible displays.
Bioavailability of the quaternary ammonium compound thiazinamium methylsulphate (Multergan) after oral and intramuscular administration (1974)

Journal Article Bioavailability of the quaternary ammonium compound thiazinamium methylsulphate (Multergan) after oral and intramuscular administration Get access Jan H G Jonkman, Jan H G Jonkman Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, State University, Groningen, 8004, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jaap Wijsbeek, Jaap Wijsbeek Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, State University, Groningen, 8004, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Suse Hollenbeek Brouwer, Suse Hollenbeek Brouwer Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, State University, Groningen, 8004, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rokus A de Zeeuw Rokus A de Zeeuw Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, State University, Groningen, 8004, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 26, Issue Supplement_1, December 1974, Page 63P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb10085.x Published: 12 April 2011
Hardware Architecture Considerations in the WE32100 Chip Set (1986)

The interchip communication protocols for the WE32100 microprocessor chip set had to be designed to support several ambitious architectural goals.
Energy management of battery-PEM Fuel cells Hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicle (2016)

This paper highlights an energy management of battery-PEM Fuel cell Hybrid energy storage for electric vehicle. The battery alone cannot cater the load demand; it is why fuel cell (FC) is integrated to make the system more sustainable The hybrid system is used to produce energy without interruption and it consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery bank storage (BBS) for short-term storage. The mathematical model topology and the energy management of the global system are presented. Obtained results under Matlab/Simulink and experimental ones obtained, using dspace DS1104 real-time controller, are presented and discussed.
The magic window (2007)

The windows and doorways that connect offices to public spaces are a site for people to gather awareness information and initiate interaction. However, these portals often reveal more information to the public area than the office occupant would like. As a result, people often keep doors and window blinds closed, which means that nobody can gather awareness information, even those with whom the occupant would be willing to share. One solution to this problem is a co-present media space - a computer-mediated video connection at the boundary between an office and a public area. These systems can provide both greater privacy control to the occupant and greater overall awareness information to observers. To see how co-present media spaces would work in real world settings, we built what we believe are the first ever co-present media spaces, and deployed them in two offices. From observations gathered over fifteen months, it is clear that the systems can do a better job of balancing the occupant's need for privacy and the observers' need for awareness better, than a standard window. However, we also identified a number of issues that affected the use and the success of the systems: the existence of alternate information sources, confusion with existing social norms, disparities between effort and need, and reduced interactional subtlety for observers in the public area. Our work contributes both a novel arrangement of a media space for co-present collaborators, and the first investigation into the design factors that affect the use and acceptance of these systems.
Exploring Racial Bias within Face Recognition via per-subject Adversarially-Enabled Data Augmentation (2020)

Whilst face recognition applications are becoming increasingly prevalent within our daily lives, leading approaches in the field still suffer from performance bias to the detriment of some racial profiles within society. In this study, we propose a novel adversarial derived data augmentation methodology that aims to enable dataset balance at a per-subject level via the use of image-to-image transformation for the transfer of sensitive racial characteristic facial features. Our aim is to automatically construct a synthesised dataset by transforming facial images across varying racial domains, while still preserving identity-related features, such that racially dependant features subsequently become irrelevant within the determination of subject identity. We construct our experiments on three significant face recognition variants: Softmax, CosFace and ArcFace loss over a common convolutional neural network backbone. In a side-by-side comparison, we show the positive impact our proposed technique can have on the recognition performance for (racial) minority groups within an originally imbalanced training dataset by reducing the per-race variance in performance.
No-reference quality assessment of HEVC videos in loss-prone networks (2014)

In this paper, we propose a no-reference quality assessment measure for high efficiency video coding (HEVC). We analyze the impact of network losses on HEVC videos and the resulting error propagation. We estimate channel-induced distortion in the video assuming we have access to the decoded video only without access to the bitstream or the decoder. Our model does not make any assumptions on the coding conditions, network loss patterns or error concealment techniques. The proposed approach relies only on the temporal variations of the power spectrum across the decoded frames. We validate our proposed quality measure by testing it on a variety of HEVC coded videos subject to network losses. Our simulation results show that the proposed model accurately captures channel-induced distortions. For the test videos, the correlation coefficients between the proposed measure and the full-reference SSIM values range between 0.70 and 0.80.
P-11 * SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL ISOLATION ON ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR KNOCKOUT MICE (2014)

Introduction. Early social experience has been consistently shown increase alcohol consumption, perhaps by influencing stress systems. However, the connection between these effects and alcohol consumption is complex and poorly understood. This experiment was based on the hypothesis that the effects of chronic social isolation on alcohol consumption would be influenced by both sex and the functioning of Mu-opioid receptor (MOP) systems. Method. The present study assessed the effects of isolation-rearing on later ethanol intake using a two-bottle home-cage consumption (ethanol 8% vs. water) paradigm in wild-type and MOP gene knockout (KO) mice. A total of 97 male and female mice were used in this study. Results. Isolation rearing had no effects upon ethanol consumption in WT mice under the conditions used in the present experiments; however, isolation rearing did have effects in both male and female MOP KO mice, but these effects were in the opposite direction, increasing ethanol consumption in male mice, but decreasing ethanol consumption in female mice. Conclusion. These results indicate that MOP influences ethanol consumption, but does so in quite different ways depending on sex and previous social experience during adolescent development.
An analysis of monoclonal antibody distribution in microscopic tumor nodules: consequences of a "binding site barrier". (1991)

Rational in vivo application of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and therapy of cancer requires an understanding of both the global and microscopic pharmacology of macromolecular ligands. Here, we introduce a new mathematical model for antibody distribution into small, prevascular, densely packed nodules (representing either primary or metastatic tumor). For the analysis, we link together several aspects of antibody pharmacology: the global (whole body) pharmacokinetics; transcapillary transport into normal tissue interstitium surrounding the nodule; diffusion into the nodule; nonspecific binding and/or partitioning; specific binding to tumor antigen; metabolism; and lymphatic outflow from the tissue space. Input parameter values are estimated from experimental studies in vitro, in animals, and in clinical trials. Our aim is to explore the sensitivity of antibody localization to variation in three of the important parameters of this model: the rate of transcapillary transport; the rate of lymphatic outflow; and the antigen density. Predictions based on this analysis include the following: (a) High rates of transcapillary transport influx or low rates of lymphatic efflux will enhance antibody percolation into the tumor nodule at early times after injection and increase the average antibody concentration in the tumor at all times; (b) Changes in antibody influx rate will affect the antibody distribution in the tumor at earlier times than do changes in the efflux rate; (c) Reducing the antigen concentration will increase the uniformity of antibody penetration but lower the average concentration in the tumor at all times after injection; and (d) Counter to intuition, lowering the antigen concentration can increase the peak concentrations achieved toward the center of the nodule. If, in addition, there is any metabolism of bound antibody, the concentration-time integral (i.e., the "area under the curve") for the center of the nodule will also be increased by decreasing the antigen concentration. These predictions directly reflect the "binding site barrier" hypothesis of Weinstein et al. (Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 507: 199-210, 1987) and Fujimori et al. (Cancer Res., 49:5656-5663, 1989; J. Nucl. Med., 31:1191-1198, 1990). In general, and perhaps surprisingly until one considers the problem carefully, the parameters governing antibody percolation can have opposite effects on the uniformity of antibody distribution at early and late times. These calculations, using the PERC program set, were done for antibodies, but we believe that the "binding site barrier" will also prove important for other injected macromolecules, for at least some highly bindable injected small molecules, for lymphokines and cytokines released from transfected cells injected in vivo, and, indeed, for endogenous species such as the autocrine-paracrine factors.