gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-2 Taxoids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-2 TaxoidsK. C. Nicolaou, J. Renaud, P. G. Nantermet, E. A. Couladouros, R. K. Guy, and W. WrasidloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9, 2409–2420Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00114a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00114a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1131Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Parawixin2 Protects Hippocampal Cells in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2018)

Epilepsy is considered as one of the major disabling neuropathologies. Almost one third of adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) do not respond to current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Additionally, most AEDs do not have neuroprotective effects against the inherent neurodegenerative process underlying the hippocampal sclerosis on TLE. Dysfunctions in the GABAergic neurotransmission may contribute not only to the onset of epileptic activity but also constitute an important system for therapeutic approaches. Therefore, molecules that enhance GABA inhibitory effects could open novel avenues for the understanding of epileptic plasticity and for drug development. Parawixin2, a compound isolated from <i>Parawixia bistriata</i> spider venom, inhibits both GABA and glycine uptake and has an anticonvulsant effect against a wide range of chemoconvulsants. The neuroprotective potential of Parawixin2 was analyzed in a model of TLE induced by a long-lasting Status Epilepticus (SE), and its efficiency was compared to well-known neuroprotective drugs, such as riluzole and nipecotic acid. Neuroprotection was assessed through histological markers for cell density (Nissl), astrocytic reactivity (GFAP) and cell death labeling (TUNEL), which were performed 24 h and 72 h after SE. Parawixin2 treatment resulted in neuroprotective effects in a dose dependent manner at 24 h and 72 h after SE, as well as reduced reactive astrocytes and apoptotic cell death. Based on these findings, Parawixin2 has a great potential to be used as a tool for neuroscience research and as a probe to the development of novel GABAergic neuroprotective agents.
Espectros e deposição de dose em profundidade em phantom de mama de polimetilmetacrilato: obtenção experimental e por método de Monte Carlo (2012)

Este trabalho enfoca a obtencao, experimental e por metodo de Monte Carlo (MMC), de espectros de fotons a diversas profundidades e de curvas de deposicao de dose para feixes de raios-x empregados em mamografia, obtidos em phantom de mama de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Foram adquiridos espectros referentes a feixes de 28 e 30 kV e calculados os valores de energia media (Emed) correspondentes. Para a aquisicao experimental foi empregado um espectrometro de Si-PIN fotodiodo e para as simulacoes por MMC foi empregado o codigo PENELOPE. Os espectros experimentais e os simulados mostram uma boa concordância, o que foi corroborado pela baixa diferenca entre os valores de Emed encontrados. Um aumento na Emed e uma forte atenuacao dos feixes com o incremento da profundidade no phantom de PMMA tambem foram observados.
Evaluation of renal protective effects of inhibiting TGF-β type I receptor in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model (2013)

Inhibition of TGF-βR1 provides protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through several mechanisms, including attenuation of oxidative stress, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocking of renal fibrosis markers, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Immunomicroscopy: A Diagnostic Tool for the Surgical Pathologist (1986)

1. Principles Of Immunohistochemistry 2. Practical Issues: Fixation, Processing, and Antigen Retrieval 3. Molecular and Special Techniques 4. Lymphoma Including Hodgkin Lymphoma 5. Molecular Morphology in Adrenal and Thyroid Disease 6. Applications Of Immunohistochemistry in Breast Pathology 7. Immunohistochemistry of the Female Reproductive Tract 8. Molecular Morphology and Immunomicroscopy 9. Pediatrics 10. Molecular Morphology of Soft Tissue and Bone 11. Molecular Morphology of The Lung and Mesothelioma 12. Gastrointestinal Tract 13. Immunohistochemistry of Skin Tumors Including Melanocytic Lesions 14. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of the Nervous System 15 Anaplastic Tumors: Approach to the 'Unknown Primary' 16. Cytopathology/FNA 17. Occult Metastasis Appendices A. IHC Website B. Protocols [Immunohistochemistry, Molecular] C. Standardization/Quality Control D. Tissue Microarrays References Index
Use of a Surfactant-Stabilized Emulsion To Deliver 1-Butanol for Density-Modified Displacement of Trichloroethene (2003)

A novel surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation technology, density-modified displacement (DMD), has been developed to minimize risk of dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) downward migration during displacement floods. The DMD method is designed to be implemented using horizontal flushing schemes, with in situ DNAPL density conversion accomplished by the introduction of a partitioning alcohol (e.g., 1-butanol) in a predisplacement flood (preflood). Subsequent NAPL displacement and recovery is achieved by flushing with a low-interfacial-tension (low-IFT) surfactant solution. The efficiency of the DMD method may be enhanced for heavier DNAPLs, such as trichloroethene (TCE), by increasing alcohol delivery and the extent of partitioning during the preflood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a macroemulsion, consisting of 4.7% (vol) Tween 80 + 1.3% (vol) Span 80 + 15% (vol) 1-butanol to achieve efficient in situ density conversion of TCE (relative to that obtained with use of an aqueous preflood solution) prior to low-IFT displacement and recovery from a two-dimensional aquifer cell. The cell was configured to represent a heterogeneous unconfined aquifer system with an overall NAPL saturation between 2% and 3%. After flooding with approximately 1.2 pore volumes of the macroemulsion, a low-IFT solution consisting of 10% (vol) Aerosol MA + 6% (vol) 1-butanol + 15 g/L NaCl + 1 g/L CaCl2 was introduced to displace and recover NAPL. Visual observations and quantitative measurements of effluent fluids demonstrated that in situ density conversion and displacement of TCE-NAPL was successful, with effluent NAPL densities ranging from 0.97 to 0.99 g/mL. For the experimental system employed herein, 93% recovery of the introduced TCE mass was realized after flushing with a combined 2.4 pore volumes of the density conversion and low-IFT solutions. These results demonstrate the increased efficiency of the DMD method when surfactant-based emulsions are used to enhance 1-butanol delivery and partitioning behavior.
Oligothiophene cation radical dimers. An alternative to bipolarons in oxidized polythiophene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligothiophene cation radical dimers. An alternative to bipolarons in oxidized polythiopheneMichael G. Hill, Kent R. Mann, Larry L. Miller, and Jean Francois PenneauCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7, 2728–2730Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00033a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00033a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations261LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Effects of Prolonged Hyperglycemia onin Vivoandin VitroInsulin Secretion in Rats (1991)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 48-h glucose (30% wt/vol) infusion in unrestrained catheterized healthy rats (HG) on subsequent in vivo and in vitro insulin response to glucose. High hyperglycemia (400-450 mg/dl) and resulting hyperinsulinemia (1.2 +/- 0.1 mU/ml vs. 0.15 +/- 0.03 mU/ml in controls) were maintained throughout the infusion period. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was examined in vivo 3 h after the end of infusion by performing either a glucose tolerance test or a hyperglycemic clamp (225 mg/dl for 60 min). In addition, in vivo insulin secretion was studied on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the end of glucose infusion by performing glucose tolerance tests. Insulin secretion was also investigated in vitro, using the isolated perfused pancreas technique, 3 h and 1 day post glucose infusion. During glucose tolerance tests and hyperglycemic clamps performed at 3 h, insulin secretion was much greater in HG rats than in controls, and remained increased until day 5. By contrast, when studied in vitro 3 h after the end of the infusion, glucose-induced insulin release from isolated perfused pancreases was impaired in HG rats as compared with controls, and the insulin response to arginine was dramatically increased. However, insulin secretion in vitro returned partially to normal after day 1. These data indicate that prolonged hyperglycemia has quite different effects on the subsequent insulin secretion in vivo or in vitro. It impairs, but reversibly, glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro, whereas it increases it durably in vivo. This suggests that humoral and/or nervous interferences can counterbalance the possible perturbing effects of prolonged hyperglycemia on the normal B cell responsiveness to glucose.
ABSOLUTE, PROMPT GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND THE DETERMINATION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS (1984)

There currently exists a highly accurate absolute wavelength scale for electromagnetic radiation which extends from microwaves to gamma-rays having energies less than ~ 1 MeV. This scale begins with the cesium atomic beam clock (and thus the SI meter) and continues through the iodine stabilized HeNe laser. Such a laser is then used to determine the lattice spacing of a single crystal of Si using x-ray/optical interferometry. Accurately calibrated crystals are then used in a flat crystal diffractometer to determine absolute gamma-ray wavelengths. We propose to extend this scale to the region of ~ 1-10 MeV. This requires the use of in-pile sources for the examination of prompt gamma-rays from n-γ reactions.
Experimental Study on Glass and Polymers: Determining the Optimal Material for Potential Use in Terahertz Technology (2020)

The optical properties of polymers and glasses useful for terahertz applications are experimentally characterized using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). A standard system setup utilizing transmission spectroscopy is used to measure different optical properties of materials including refractive index, relative permittivity, loss tangent, absorption coefficient, and transmittance. The thermal and chemical dependencies of materials are also studied to identify the appropriate materials for given terahertz applications. The selected materials can then be utilized for applications such as in waveguides, filters, lenses, polarization preserving devices, metamaterials and metasurfaces, absorbers, and sensors in the terahertz frequency range.
The Precipitation Behavior of TiC and TiN on the Surface of SUS 304 and Fe Implanted with Ti<SUP>+</SUP> (1985)

SUS 304 stainless steel and Fe were implanted with 1×1017 Ti+/cm2 at room temperature. The surface composition of implanted SUS 304 and Fe at high temperatures was observed in vacuum with AES and XPS.The precipitation of Ti compounds was found on the surfaces of implanted SUS 304 and Fe. Implanted Ti+ into SUS 304 and Fe, which existed near the surfaces of metals, diffused into the inside of the surfaces and reacted on C and N in metals. At about 600 K, TiC precipitated on the surfaces of both SUS 304 and Fe. The precipitated TiC disappeared at about 1100 K and TiN precipitated on the surface of SUS 304, while on the surface of Fe this change was observed at about 750 K.The surface precipitation behavior is explained as follows: As TiN is thermodynamically more stable than TiC, the latter reacts on N which diffuses from the bulk of metal, and changes into TiN. The diffusion coefficient of N in Fe is larger than that of N in SUS 304. Therefore, the precipitation temperature of TiN on the surface of Fe is lower than on that of SUS 304.This precipitation behavior can be applied to the surface treatment of various metals.
Does quercetin intake alter the concentration of pesticides in honeybees? (2019)

Honey bees regularly ingest quercetin, one of the most abundant phytochemicals in plants. Past research suggests that honey and pollen feeding upregulates the bees’ detoxification system and that dietary quercetin reduces the toxicity of imidacloprid and tau-fluvalinate [1,2].The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary quercetin on the concentration of three pesticides present in honey bees. Honey bees (n = 600) were divided in five groups and fed either quercetin-sucrose paste or only sucrose for 72 h before being exposed to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (oral exposure), the fungicide tebuconazole or the acaricide tau-fluvalinate (contact exposure). Bees were anesthetized with CO2, frozen, and extracted with a validated QuEChERS method. Finally, the concentrations of all three above-mentioned pesticides were determined by LC-MSMS. Quantification results of the three pesticides in honey bee samples [Fig. 1] displayed that there was a significant difference in concentration of imidacloprid (P = 2 ͯ 10-5) and tau-fluvalinate (P = 3 ͯ 10-2) between the bees that were fed quercetin-sucrose paste and bees that were fed only sucrose. However, there was no significant difference in the level of tebuconazole in the group of bees that were fed quercetin-sucrose paste and bees that were fed only sucrose (P = 4.2 ͯ 10-1). The results of this study demonstrate that honey bee intake of quercetin leads to a reduction in the concentration of imidacloprid and tau-fluvalinate by up regulating the detoxification systems in bees. Hence, quercetin may be a promising bioactive compound in chemo-ecological aspects to counteract the hazard of pesticides.
Serum amyloid A inhibits dendritic cell differentiation by suppressing GM-CSF receptor expression and signaling (2017)

In this study, we report that an acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), strongly inhibits dendritic cell differentiation induced by GM-CSF plus IL-4. SAA markedly decreased the expression of MHCII and CD11c. Moreover, SAA decreased cell surface GM-CSF receptor expression. SAA also decreased the expression of PU.1 and C/EBPα, which play roles in the expression of GM-CSF receptor. This inhibitory response by SAA is partly mediated by the well-known SAA receptors, Toll-like receptor 2 and formyl peptide receptor 2. Taken together, we suggest a novel insight into the inhibitory role of SAA in dendritic cell differentiation.
Markers of apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues focus on Annexin V (2000)

In the last decade, apoptosis (or programmed cell death) has become appreciated as an important process in the development of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, apoptosis contributes to the adaptation of the system to the environment. We are at the beginning of understanding its relevance to cardiovascular physiology and pathology. This understanding forms the key to implement apoptosis in diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. New avenues for pharmacological intervention are expected to arise from the synergy of our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, and how apoptosis integrates in the complex environment of the cardiovascular tissue. The latter strongly depends on techniques to measure apoptosis. Currently, we are facing a relative paucity in available techniques, covering both specificity and sensitivity, and furthermore allowing quantitative analysis, preferably in combination with morphology. This field, however, is rapidly evolving and is fed by the expanding knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis. In this paper we will briefly review the available techniques to detect and/or quantify apoptosis. These methods are based on the analysis of cellular morphology, either by light- or electron microscopy, DNA fragmentation (TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling or in situ nick end labeling), or cytoplasmic and membrane changes. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of these techniques for their use in cardiovascular research will be outlined. In the text we will refer to available reviews and protocols which discuss the techniques in more detail. The main part of this article will, however, focus on a recently introduced technique, the Annexin V-based apoptosis detection assay. The principle, characteristics, pro's and contra's of this new apoptosis detection assay will be discussed.
Hard collisions of few keV diatomic molecular ions with atomic gas targets: Collision induced dissociation and target ionization (2009)

Target ionization in close encounters between few keV simple diatomic molecular ions and noble gas targets have been studied experimentally. Some of the projectile molecular ions fragment as a result of these violent collisions while others remain bound despite undergoing a "hard" collision. The measured momenta shed light on the mechanisms responsible for this behavior.
Chemically doped perylene diimide lamellae based field effect transistor with low operating voltage and high charge carrier mobility (2013)

Chemical doping of an electron transporter results in the formation of a radical anion containing semiconductor which showed high electron mobility (13 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) at low operating voltage (1 V).
Effect of Levocarnitine vs Placebo as an Adjunctive Treatment for Septic Shock: The Rapid Administration of Carnitine in Sepsis (RACE) Randomized Clinical Trial (2018)

Importance Sepsis induces profound metabolic derangements, while exogenous levocarnitine mitigates metabolic dysfunction by enhancing glucose and lactate oxidation and increasing fatty acid shuttling. Previous trials in sepsis suggest beneficial effects of levocarnitine on patient-centered outcomes. Objectives To test the hypothesis that levocarnitine reduces cumulative organ failure in patients with septic shock at 48 hours and, if present, to estimate the probability that the most efficacious dose will decrease 28-day mortality in a pivotal phase 3 clinical trial. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter adaptive, randomized, blinded, dose-finding, phase 2 clinical trial (Rapid Administration of Carnitine in Sepsis [RACE]). The setting was 16 urban US medical centers. Participants were patients aged 18 years or older admitted from March 5, 2013, to February 5, 2018, with septic shock and moderate organ dysfunction. Interventions Within 24 hours of identification, patients were assigned to 1 of the following 4 treatments: low (6 g), medium (12 g), or high (18 g) doses of levocarnitine or an equivalent volume of saline placebo administered as a 12-hour infusion. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome required, first, a greater than 90% posterior probability that the most promising levocarnitine dose decreases the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at 48 hours and, second (given having met the first condition), at least a 30% predictive probability of success in reducing 28-day mortality in a subsequent traditional superiority trial to test efficacy. Results Of the 250 enrolled participants (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [14.8] years; 56.8% male), 35, 34, and 106 patients were adaptively randomized to the low, medium, and high levocarnitine doses, respectively, while 75 patients were randomized to placebo. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the fitted mean (SD) changes in the SOFA score for the low, medium, and high levocarnitine groups were −1.27 (0.49), −1.66 (0.38), and −1.97 (0.32), respectively, vs −1.63 (0.35) in the placebo group. The posterior probability that the 18-g dose is superior to placebo was 0.78, which did not meet the a priori threshold of 0.90. Mortality at 28 days was 45.9% (34 of 74) in the placebo group compared with 43.3% (45 of 104) for the most promising levocarnitine dose (18 g). Similar findings were noted in the per-protocol analysis. Conclusions and Relevance In this dose-finding, phase 2 adaptive randomized trial, the most efficacious dose of levocarnitine (18 g) did not meaningfully reduce cumulative organ failure at 48 hours. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01665092
A new planar defect in SiGe nanopillars (2021)

Planar defects exist in many diamond-type semiconductors. Experimentally, they have been found in the {001} planes in both diamond and Ge, but with distinct atomic arrangements 1, 2 . In Si and SiGe, planar defects are known to exist mainly in the {113} and occasionally {111} planes 3 , but not in the {001} planes. The structural and electronic properties, as well as formation mechanism of these defects, are of great interest because of the importance of these materials in electronic devices.
Classification of Voronoi and Delone tiles of quasicrystals: III. Decagonal acceptance window of any size (2005)

This paper is the last of a series of three articles presenting a classification of Vornoi and Delone tilings determined by point sets ?(?) ('quasicrystals'), built by the standard projection of the root lattice of type A4 to a two-dimensional plane spanned by the roots of the Coxeter group H2 (dihedral group of order 10). The acceptance window ? for ?(?) in the present paper is a regular decagon of any radius 0 < r < ?. There are 14 distinct VT sets of Voronoi tiles and 6 sets DT of Delone tiles, up to a uniform scaling by the factor and . The number of Voronoi tiles in different quasicrystal tilings varies between 3 and 12. Similarly, the number of Delone tiles is varying between 4 and 6. There are 7 VT sets of the 'generic' type and 7 of the 'singular' type. The latter occur for seven precise values of the radius of the acceptance window. Quasicrystals with acceptance windows with radii in between these values have constant VT sets, only the relative densities and arrangement of the tiles in the tilings change. Similarly, we distinguish singular and generic sets DT of Delone tiles.