gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Hydroxy-L-valine and 4-Amino-3, 6-dihydroxy-2-methylhexaiioic Acid, Constitutional Amino Acids of the Antibiotic YA-56 (1973)

From the acid hydrolyzate of the antibiotic YA-56 X (Zorbamycin) and Y belonging to the phleomycin-bleomycin group, 3 unique amino acids were isolated and their structures were determined to be β-hydroxy-L-valine and 2-(3'- amino-tetrahydrofuryl-2'-yl)-propionic acid and an isomer of the latter compound. Considerations of NMR of the antibiotic YA-56 and of the reaction conditions led us to a view that the latter two new amino acids were not an integral part of the YA-56 molecule but were artifacts derived from 4-amino-3, 6-dihydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid constituting of YA-56 X and Y.
Experimental Determination of the Absolute Enantioselectivity of an Antibody-Catalyzed Diels−Alder Reaction and Theoretical Explorations of the Origins of Stereoselectivity (2003)

The exo and endo Diels-Alder adducts of p-methoxycarbonylbenzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide have been synthesized, and the absolute configurations of resolved enantiomers have been determined. On the basis of this information, the absolute enantioselectivities of the Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by antibodies 13G5 and 4D5 as well as other catalytic antibodies elicited in the same immunizations have been established. The effects of different arrangements of catalytic residues on the structure and energetics of the possible Diels-Alder transition states were modeled quantum mechanically at the B3LYP/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31+G** level of theory. Flexible docking of these enantiomeric transition states in the antibody active site followed by molecular dynamics on the resulting complexes provided a prediction of the transition-state binding modes and an explanation of the origin of the observed enantioselectivity of antibody 13G5.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of syn‐ and anti‐1,2‐Diol Units by Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CXCR4-targeted nanotoxins induce GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

Altogether, our results show that T22-PE24-H6 and T22-DITOX-H6 represent a promising therapy for HNSCC patients. Remarkably, this is the first study showing that both nanotoxins are capable of activating caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis, opening a novel avenue for HNSCC treatment.
Optimal training sequence for wireless MIMO channel estimation (2008)

The capability to increase the channel capacity of wireless systems without increasing the transmit power depends on the accuracy of channel estimation at the receiver. In this paper, the problem of designing training signals is investigated for correlated and uncorrelated multi-input multioutput (MIMO) channels. For this, the optimum channel estimation is briefly addressed in the sense of mean square error. Then the optimum training signal is designed for correlated and uncorrelated channels by maximizing the mutual information (carried by training signal) between the channel and the received sequence during the training. Simulations show that employing the optimal training provides improvement as compared with employing the orthogonal training. This improvement is more significant at low SNR and for correlated channels. However, this performance gap between the optimum training and orthogonal training is negligible in a high SNR scenario or for uncorrelated channels.
Preparation and characterization of albumin nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin intended for the treatment of breast cancer (2011)

An effective curcumin-albumin nanoparticle formulation was successfully developed using a desolvation technique.
FK506 in a Biodegradable Glycolide-co-Clatide-co-Caprolactone Polymer for Prolongation of Corneal Allograft Survival (2005)

Biodegradable FK506-PGLC DDS implanted into anterior chamber can effectively prevent immune rejection in high-risk keratoplasty model, presenting a promising approach for the prolongation of corneal allograft survival.
Supporting Material To "Statistical Fault Attacks On Nonce-Based Authenticated Encryption Schemes" (2016)

supporting_material_code/setX/ct_fault.txt: each line corresponds to one ciphertext received from the device under test while encrypting a plaintext. The bytes are separated by a comma. For every encryption a fault has been injected: set1: Laser fault injections targeting an AES co-processor on a smartcard microcontroller. set2: Clock tampering targeting an AES co-processor implemented on a general-purpose microcontroller. set3 &amp; 4: Clock tampering targeting an AES software implementation (AVR crypto lib ASM) implemented on a general-purpose microcontroller (ATXmega256A3). supporting_material_code/main.cpp: program for key recovery which takes as input the faulty ciphertexts (ct_fault.txt)
Salt bridge interactions: Stability of the ionic and neutral complexes in the gas phase, in solution, and in proteins (1998)

A theoretical study on the stability of the salt bridges in the gas phase, in solution, and in the interior of proteins is presented. The study is mainly focused on the interaction between acetate and methylguanidinium ions, which were used as model compounds for the salt bridge between Asp (Glu) and Arg. Two different solvents (water and chloroform) were used to analyze the effect of varying the dielectric constant of the surrounding media on the salt bridge interaction. Calculations in protein environments were performed by using a set of selected protein crystal structures. In all cases attention was paid to the difference in stability between the ion pair and neutral hydrogen-bonded forms. Comparison of the results determined in the gas phase and in solution allows us to stress the large influence of the environment on the binding process, as well as on the relative stability between the ionic and neutral complexes. The high anisotropy of proteins and the local microenvironment in the interior of proteins make a decisive contribution in modulating the energetics of the salt bridge. In general, the formation of salt bridges in proteins is not particularly favored, with the ion pair structure being preferred over the interaction between neutral species.
Characterization of polyethylene surfaces heated after plasma fluorination (1999)

Plates of polyethylene with ultrahigh molecular weight (PEUHMW) were treated by radiofrequency capacitive CF4 plasma discharge in order to incorporate fluorinated functional groups. The consequences of subsequent heating treatments after fluorination were investigated by the combined use of angle-resolved XPS characterizations and measurements of surface free energy γs . The temperature range explored covers the zone from room temperature to 240 °C. After the CF4 plasma treatments, the incorporation of CF x groups at the surface of PEUHMW induces a decrease of the γs value. Further thermal treatments lead to modifications of the chemical surface composition and of γ s . The most important changes concern a significant increase of the surface free energy, where the contribution of the dispersive component is the most affected, and a decrease of the F/C ratio. The fluorine departure is caused by chain scission in the polymer and is accompanied by a surface oxidation, as revealed by the O 1s peak intensity increase. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods of both destructive and non-destructive metrology of GRIN optical elements (2015)

Gradient index (GRIN) optics have been an up-and-coming tool in the world of optics. By combining an index gradient with a surface curvature the number of optical components for a lens system can often be greatly reduced. Their use in the realm of infra-red is only becoming realized as new efforts are being developed to create materials that are suitable and mutually compatible for these optical components. The materials being pursued are the chalcogenide based glasses. Small changes in elemental concentrations in these glasses can have significant effects on physical and optical properties. The commonality between these glasses and their widely different optical properties make them prime candidates for GRIN applications. Traditional methods of metrology are complicated by the combination of the GRIN and the curvature of the element. We will present preliminary data on both destructive and non-destructive means of measuring the GRIN profile. Non-destructive methods may require inference of index through material properties, by careful measurement of the individual materials going into the GRIN optic, followed by, mapping measurements of the GRIN surface. Methods to be pursued are micro Raman mapping and CT scanning. By knowing the properties of the layers and accurately mapping the interfaces between the layers we should be able to back out the index profile of the GRIN optic and then confirm the profile by destructive means.
20-cps Pulsed Signals of Probable Biological Origin at Bermuda (1963)

Pure-tone pulses, at a frequency close to 20 cps, have been received on deep-water hydrophones at Bermuda, each year during the months November through March, since monitoring began in 1951. The pulses occur at regular intervals, several times per minute for about 15 min, then stop for 2 to 3 min. This sequence often continues for hours with no preference for day or night. The source of these pulses has been tracked, using several hydrophones at average speeds of 1 to 4 knots. The source normally meanders throughout the tracking area but occasionally moves in a straight line. The estimated source level is 1 to 8 W. There is generally only one source pulsing at a time in a listening area of 300 square miles. Similar signals have been heard throughout the North Atlantic and in the Pacific. The pulses are believed to be of biological origin with the cetacean the most probable source. No definitive data on source depth are yet available. [Supported by the U. S. Office of Naval Research's Acoustics Programs.]
Early-Stage Damage Detection in Advanced Multifunctional Aerospace Composites Using Embedded Carbon Nanotubes and Flocked Carbon Fibers (2018)

Early-stage damage detection could provide better reliability and performance and a longer lifetime of materials while reducing maintenance time of a variety of structures and systems. We investigate the early-stage damage formation and damage evolution in advanced multi-functional laminated aerospace composites embedded with a very small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the matrix material and short carbon fibers along the Z-direction to reinforce the interlaminar interfaces. The three-dimensional (3-D) conductive network formed by the CNTs and the flocked carbon fibers allows for sensitive in-situ damage detection in materials in addition to providing improved mechanical properties such as superior fracture toughness for damage tolerance. We optimize several parameters such as fiber length, diameter, and density to generate an effective 3-D electrical conductive network, and characterize the responses of these composites under mechanical loading to investigate damage formation and evolution, advancing science and technology towards superior damage-tolerant and zero-maintenance structural materials.
Effect of spin finish on fiber/binder adhesion in chemically bonded nonwovens. (2006)

International audience
Distribution of dust particles generated from a ball bearing in vacuum (1989)

Contamination control of silicon wafers in vacuum equipment is one of the most important problems in very large scale integration manufacturing processes. One of the particle sources is a mechanical component such as a vacuum ball bearing. We have investigated the size distribution of the dust particles generated from ball bearings in vacuums of 10 and 10−3 Pa. The number of particles larger than 3 μm in diameter is ∼60% of that larger than 0.3 μm at 10 Pa. That is estimated ∼30% from the data at 10−3 Pa. These size distributions are very different from those of the atmospheric environment, in which the number of particles larger than 3 μm is < 1% of that larger than 0.3 μm. This result, that is, rather large particles tend to be generated more than small particles, is considered to be a characteristic of mechanical wear of the ball bearing in vacuum.
On the serial correlation for number in system in the stationary GI/M/1 bulk arrival and GI/Em /1 queues (1992)

The generating functions for the serial covariances for number in system in the stationary GI / M /1 bulk arrival queue with fixed bulk sizes, and the GI / E m /1 queue, are derived. Expressions for the infinite sum of the serial correlation coefficients are also presented, as well as the first serial correlation coefficient in the case of the bulk arrival queue. Several numerical examples are considered.
Blockchain for EU electricity market (2020)

Electricity systems around the world are currently undergoing fundamental changes on two fronts, decarbonization and digitalization. The transition towards a low carbon economy means increased penetration and utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and the electrification of transport and other sectors. The expansion of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), electricity grid storage, Electric Vehicles (EV's), the associated charging infrastructure, smart buildings and the upgraded ICT infrastructure, also provides opportunities for end-customers to play a more active role in the electricity markets. Blockchain technology can help avail these opportunities through innovative business models which are not just centered around the end-users but also in improving the overall market operation. Blockchain is a forward-looking technology that can significantly disrupt the way in which the electricity markets and its participants operate. The consensus based decision making, decentralized and distributed characteristics of blockchain technology render it well suited for a future energy system which is increasingly decentralized, distributed and with more active end-customers participating in the market. In this paper, we discuss in brief the blockchain technology outlook and its suitability for the future energy grid and market operation. We will also discuss how blockchain can help disrupt the energy sector and the associated challenges. Finally, we also provide our recommendation on what applications of blockchain in the energy sector we predict the biggest potential.
The CD34-like protein PODXL and α6-integrin (CD49f) identify early progenitor MSCs with increased clonogenicity and migration to infarcted heart in mice (2008)

We screened for surface proteins expressed only by the early progenitor cells present in low-passage, low-density cultures of the adult stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow referred to as mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Six proteins were identified that were selectively expressed in the early progenitors: podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), alpha6-integrin (CD49f), alpha4-integrin (CD49d), c-Met, CXCR4, and CX3CR1. All were previously shown to be involved in cell trafficking or tumor progression. Antibodies to CD49f and PODXL, a sialomucin in the CD34 family, were the most robust for FACScan assays. PODXL(hi)/CD49f(hi) MSCs were more clonogenic and differentiated more efficiently than PODXL(lo)/CD49f(lo) cells. Inhibition of expression of PODXL with RNA interference caused aggregation of the cells. Furthermore, PODXL(hi)/CD49f(hi) MSCs were less prone to produce lethal pulmonary emboli, and larger numbers were recovered in heart and kidney after intravenous infusion into mice with myocardial infarcts.
Robust Speech Activity Detection Using LDA Applied to FF Parameters (2006)

Speech detection becomes more complicated when performed in noisy and reverberant environments like e.g. smart rooms. In this work, we design a robust speech activity detection (SAD) algorithm and we evaluate it on distant microphone signals acquired in a smart room-like environment. The algorithm is based on a measure obtained from applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on frequency filtering (FF) features. With a time sequence of this measure, a decision tree based speech/non-speech classifier is trained. The proposed SAD system is evaluated together with other SAD systems (GSM SAD and ETSI advanced front-end standard SAD) using a set of general SAD metrics as well as using the ASR accuracy as a metric. The proposed SAD algorithm shows better average results than the other tested SAD systems for both the set of general SAD metrics and the ASR performance.
Photonic generation of RF multiple carriers using a mode-locked laser and a single photodiode (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel architecture for the optical generation of multiple RF signals based on the beating of couples of modes from a mode-locked laser in a single photodiode. We generate simultaneously two carriers at 10GHz and 30GHz, with very low phase noise, limited amplitude fluctuations, negligible interference (&lt;-30dB) between each other, and equal time jitter. The obtained results show that the proposed architecture is a promising scheme for the generation of single or multiple high purity carriers up to extremely high frequency (W band), far beyond the limits of electronic oscillators.
Short single frequency erbium-doped fibre laser (1992)

Very short erbium-fibre lasers with holographically written gratings in the erbium-doped fibre core are reported. An output power of 181μW was obtained from a 2cm long diode-pumped laser. A 1cm long diode pumped laser had an output power of 57μW. As would be expected for such short cavity lengths, these lasers are robustly singlemode.
[Neurotransmission mechanism of movement disorders in multiple sclerosis]. (2007)

A significant elevation of blood levels of exciting amino acids aspartate and glutamate as well as taurine was found. There was a strong association between the levels of these mediator amino acids and neurological deficit severity, progressive course of the disease and predominant damage of supraspinal and spinal descending motor systems. The data obtained suggest an important role of excitotoxicity in the mechanisms of autoimmune demyelinisation and development of progressive neurodegenerative changes. The results of the study emphasize the significance of neurotransmitters in development of motor functions, first of all spastic paresis. In this connection, the normalization of functional activity of neurotransmitter systems involved in the nerve tissue damage and responsible, along with immunomodulation and activation of remyelination, for motor behavior is considered as an important approach to multiple sclerosis treatment and reduction of disability caused by the disease progression.
An Undergraduate Experiment for the Measurement of Trace Metals in Core Sediments by ICP-AES and GFAAS (2000)

In this experiment students applied advanced instrumental methods of metals analysis to investigate the imprint of anthropogenic activities as observed in aquatic sediments. Sediments from a mid-latitude varved meromictic lake were collected using a cold finger corer and were sectioned by year; the core covered the time frame 1300 to the present. Metals were extracted by microwave digestion and analyzed by ICP-AES and GFAAS. Quality control spike and recovery, replicate, and blank analyses were all within acceptable limits. Target metal concentrations remained relatively constant until the late 19th century, when lead, manganese, and cadmium increased significantly. The concentrations of these metals then undergo a marked reduction toward the end of the 20th century, indicating a possible change in anthropogenic behavior.
Alteration of some functional and metabolic characteristics of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages by lymphocyte mediators. (1978)

Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated in Sephadex G-100 fractions of supernates from concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes. A significant effect of the lymphocyte supernatant fractions containing mediators on macrophage 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-1 14C oxidation, cell maintenance, and migration is reported. The 5'-nucleotidase was depressed to an extent similar to that seen in activated macrophages obtained from Listeria-infected mice. On the other hand, glucose-1-14C oxidation was enhanced, but not to the same degree as seen in the counterparts in vivo. Whereas migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and cell adherence-augmenting activity were found in a number of adjacent fractions, the metabolic effects were found predominantly in a single fraction. Resident peritoneal macrophages or those elicited by the injection of a lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor were more responsive with respect to the biochemical changes than caseinate-elicited macrophages. On the other hand, caseinate-elicited macrophages appeared to be more sensitive with respect to the effects of mediator(s) on cell retention. A possible dissociation between MIF and cell-adherence augmenting activity, on the one hand, and the entities that stimulate glucose-1-14C oxidation is reported, based on fractionation studies, and loss of the latter activity upon storage of lymphocyte supernates.
WEREWOLF, a Regulator of Root Hair Pattern Formation, Controls Flowering Time through the Regulation ofFTmRNA Stability (2011)

A key floral activator, FT, integrates stimuli from long-day, vernalization, and autonomous pathways and triggers flowering by directly regulating floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Since a small amount of FT transcript is sufficient for flowering, the FT level is strictly regulated by diverse genes. In this study, we show that WEREWOLF (WER), a MYB transcription factor regulating root hair pattern, is another regulator of FT. The mutant wer flowers late in long days but normal in short days and shows a weak sensitivity to vernalization, which indicates that WER controls flowering time through the photoperiod pathway. The expression and double mutant analyses showed that WER modulates FT transcript level independent of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS C. The histological analysis of WER shows that it is expressed in the epidermis of leaves, where FT is not expressed. Consistently, WER regulates not the transcription but the stability of FT mRNA. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of FT that is non cell autonomous.