gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 12 Future treatments (2010)

Extract Key points Introduction CF is an attractive target for genetic and molecular therapies aimed at correcting the basic defect. It is a common single gene disorder with an abbreviated life expectancy, the site of major pathology (the lung) is easily accessible, and there is evidence to suggest that partial correction of the underlying defect would be able to achieve clinical benefit. We are increasingly defining the mechanisms by which defective CFTR results in clinical disease, and there are a number of points of intervention where novel therapies could effect a 'cure' (Figure 12.1). In reality, it has been much harder to circumvent the body's immune system and achieve effective gene transfer and expression. Increasingly, novel therapies are directed at alternative steps in the gene expression pathway. Gene therapy CF has been at the forefront of gene therapy research. Since cloning of the CFTR gene in 1989, 25 phase I/II clinical trials,...
Efficient Lane Detection and Tracking in Urban Environments. (2007)

Abstract — Lane detection in urban environments is a challenging task. That is mainly due to the non existence of unique models, poor quality of lane markings due to wear, occlusions due to the presence of traffic and complex road geometry. In this work we present a novel lane detection and tracking algorithm for urban road scenarios based on weak models, which is implemented by a particle filter. The algorithm is implemented and experiments were carried out on Sydney urban roads. The results show the robustness of the algorithm to the problems inherent in urban road environments.
Impaired Metabolic And Tissue Insulation Responses To Cold In Aged Humans (2005)

The cutaneous vasoconstrictor (VC) response to whole body cold exposure is reduced with aging. Additionally, resting metabolic rate (M) and basal core temperature (esophageal, Tes) are often reduced in older subjects. The interaction of these variables on calculated tissue insulation [It = (Tes-Tsk)/(Mnet -S), where S is body heat storage (negative in the case of heat loss) and Tsk is mean skin temperature], when older adults are exposed to cold has not been determined. PURPOSE To determine the effects of attenuated VC and reduced metabolic rate on S and It in older and young subjects. METHODS 15 young (Y; 24±3 yrs) and 7 older (O;68±4 yrs) subjects underwent a cooling trial in which dry bulb temperature (Tdb) was progressively decreased. Data were analyzed at baseline and during the last time point where maximal steady state VC occurred, but before shivering began. Tes, Tsk, and red blood cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) were measured continuously, and O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured every 10 min. Laser Doppler flux units were normalized to mean arterial pressure (cutaneous vascular conductance, CVC) and expressed as % baseline. It, S, and M were calculated using standard equations. RESULTS There was no difference between groups in time to onset of shivering (O: 77±11 min, Y: 76±18 min). Tes was lower in O at baseline (36.86±0.05 vs 37.03±0.03°C, p=0.04) and at maximum VC (36.80±0.05 vs 37.03±0.04°C, p=0.002) and Tes was well maintained in both groups. Both groups decreased CVC during cooling, with a trend toward impaired VC in older subjects (O: −69±3 % baseline, Y: −62±2% baseline, p=0.09). Both groups increased It to a similar extent (Y:0.084±0.004 to 0.096±0.004°C·m2·W−1, p=0.04; O:0.089±0.006 to 0.105±0.006 °C·m2·W−1, p=0.06). Y did not increase M, but O increased M by ∼14% (35.4±1.9 to 40.3±1.9W·m−2, p=0.08). There were no differences between groups throughout the trial for S or Tsk. When a subgroup of the study population was matched for body mass index, body surface area, and % body fat, these differences between groups remained. CONCLUSIONS Older subjects increase M to a greater extent than Y to compensate for an attenuated VC in order to maintain Tes. Supported by NIH Grant R01 AG07004
A Systematic Review on Insulin Overdose Cases: Clinical Course, Complications and Treatment Options (2018)

A large overdose of insulin is a serious health matter. Information concerning administration and duration of intravenous (IV) glucose, other treatment options or complications besides hypoglycaemia following large insulin overdoses is not readily apparent from the literature. A systematic search, compilation and review of case reports on insulin overdoses, published 1986-2017, was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and PROSPERO databases. Of 1523 published articles, 45 cases of insulin overdoses were included with a total median insulin dose of 900 international units (IU) (range 26-4800 IU). Hospitalization occurred in 44 cases with a median hospitalization duration of 94 hr (range 12-721 hr), and one-third (n = 15) admitted to the intensive care unit. First-line treatment was IV glucose treatment in 95% of cases. Treatment options besides IV glucose that were reported beneficial included glucagon IV or intramuscular (IM), octreotide IV or IM, surgical excision, hydrocortisone IV and oral intake of complex carbohydrates. Prevalent complications were intermittent cerebral impairment (73%), hypokalaemia (49%), other electrolyte disturbances (42%), and hepatic disturbances (7%) and cardiac toxicity (e.g. cardiac arrhythmia) (9%). Long-term consequences were one case of lasting hypoglycaemic encephalopathy and one death. In conclusion, following large insulin overdoses, in-hospital admission and treatment with IV glucose may be needed for up to a week. Monitoring of electrolytes and hepatic and cardiac functions seems important. Several experimental treatment options may be considered in addition to glucose administration. With appropriate pre- and in-hospital treatment, cases with severe hypoglycaemia and neurologic complications may have a favourable outcome.
Behavior of Cs<inf>2</inf>LiYC<inf>l6</inf>:Ce scintillator up to 175&#x00B0;C (2011)

Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiYCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> :Ce (CLYC) is a promising crystal scintillator for gamma ray and neutron detection. Like many elpasolite crystal scintillators, it exhibits outstanding energy linearity. The crystal contains lithium and is capable of excellent gamma ray/neutron discrimination using pulse shape differences. The largest contributor to pulse shape differences is gamma interactions which produce very fast core-valence luminescence (CVL). Current interest exists in examining the potential for CLYC in neutron well logging and other applications which require operating at extreme temperatures. Experiments have been performed which investigate the scintillation properties of CLYC from -40° C to 175° C. Light output, pulse shape discrimination (PSD) ability, and the gamma ray equivalent energy (GEE) of the neutron reactions are among the properties examined. At higher temperatures, the light output from gamma rays remains strong, but the GEE decreases. The PSD also degrades due to reduction of CVL.
Bilateral Endobronchial Metastasis in Postoperative Stage I Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (1999)

We reported a case of bilateral endobronchial metastasis in postoperative synchronous adenocarcinoma. Twenty months ago, a 63-year-old man underwent combined operation. Biopsy was performed, histological diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. When surgery is not indicated because the patient has decreased pulmonary function and contralateral metastatic lesions, the Nd-YAG laser has been used to treat focal malignancy of the trachea and mainstem bronchi, and the laser has been effective, especially in patients with inoperable lesions.
Physical gels of telechelic triblock copolymers with precisely defined junction multiplicity (2009)

We study transient networks formed by monodisperse telechelic polypeptides with collagen-like end blocks and a random-coil-like middle block. These artificial proteins are created using recombinant DNA techniques. Upon cooling, the end blocks associate reversibly into triple helices, leading to gels with a well-defined junction multiplicity of three. Both the storage modulus and the relaxation time of the gel increase very strongly as a function of concentration, and decrease with increasing temperature. All the experimental results are described quantitatively by an analytical model, based on classical gel theory, that requires no adjustable parameters, and accounts for the molecular structure of the gel, and the presence of loops and dangling ends.
Compound effects of top-down and bottom-up influences on visual attention during action recognition (2005)

The limited visual and computational resources available during the perception of a human action makes a visual attention mechanism essential.In this paper we propose an attention mechanism that combines the saliency of top-down (or goaldirected) elements, based on multiple hypotheses about the demonstrated action, with the saliency of bottom-up (or stimulus-driven) components.Furthermore, we use the bottom-up part to initialise the top-down, hence resulting in a selection of the behaviours that rightly require the limited computational resources.This attention mechanism is then combined with an action understanding model and implemented on a robot, where we examine its performance during the observation of object-directed human actions.
Color Confinement and Screening in theθVacuum of QCD (2015)

QCD perturbation theory ignores the compact nature of the SU(3) gauge group that gives rise to the periodic θ vacuum of the theory. We propose to modify the gluon propagator to reconcile perturbation theory with the anomalous Ward identities for the topological current in the θ vacuum. As a result, the gluon couples to the Veneziano ghost describing the tunneling transitions between different Chern-Simons sectors of the vacuum; we call the emerging gluon dressed by ghost loops a "glost." We evaluate the glost propagator and find that it has the form G(p)=(p(2)+χ(top)/p(2))(-1) where χ(top) is the Yang-Mills topological susceptibility related to the η' mass by the Witten-Veneziano relation; this propagator describes the confinement of gluons at distances ∼χ(top)(-1/4)≃1 fm. The same functional form of the propagator was originally proposed by Gribov as a solution to the gauge copies problem that plagues perturbation theory. The resulting running coupling coincides with the perturbative one at p(2)≫√[χ(top)], but in the infrared region either freezes (in pure Yang-Mills theory) or vanishes (in full QCD with light quarks), in accord with experimental evidence. Our scenario makes explicit the connection between confinement and topology of the QCD vacuum; we discuss the implications for spin physics, high energy scattering, and the physics of quark-gluon plasma.
A program data flow analysis procedure (1976)

The global data relationships in a program can be exposed and codified by the static analysis methods described in this paper. A procedure is given which determines all the definitions which can possibly “reach” each node of the control flow graph of the program and all the definitions that are “live” on each edge of the graph. The procedure uses an “interval” ordered edge listing data structure and handles reducible and irreducible graphs indistinguishably.
A phase Ib dose escalation study of vantictumab (VAN) in combination with nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) and gemcitabine (G) in patients with previously untreated stage IV pancreatic cancer. (2019)

249 Background: Vantictumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits Wnt pathway signaling through binding FZD1, 2, 5, 7, and 8 receptors. A phase Ib study of VAN in combination with Nab-P and G was performed in patients with untreated stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: Patients received VAN at escalating doses (3-7 mg/kg) in combination with standard dosing of Nab-P and G according to a 3+3 design. Due to fragility fractures occurring in this and other related clinical trials, dosing on an every 2 week schedule in cohorts 1 and 2 was transitioned to every 4 week dosing for cohorts 3 through 5. In these later cohorts, a minimum of six patients were treated at each dose level and additional criteria for maximum tolerated dose (MTD) integrating bone safety parameters were added. The bone safety plan was also revised for these cohorts. Sequential dosing of VAN followed by Nab-P and G was explored in cohort 5. Results: Thirty-one patients (52% male, 48% female) were enrolled and treated in 5 dosing cohorts. Median age was 66. Most common study-treatment related adverse events were nausea (68%) and fatigue (52%). One dose limiting toxicity (DLT) event occurred in the study population—grade 3 dehydration in 1 of 9 patients in cohort 4 (5 mg/kg q4w). Fragility fractures attributed to VAN occurred in two patients in cohort 2 (7 mg/kg q2w). Once the dosing schedule was revised to every 4 weeks, the maximum administered VAN dose was 5 mg/kg. No fragility fractures attributed to VAN occurred in these cohorts; pathologic fracture not attributed to VAN was documented in 2 patients. The study was terminated due to lack of an acceptable therapeutic index. Partial response was documented in 13 patients (42%) and stable disease in 11 (36%). Conclusions: The MTD of VAN plus Nab-P and G was not determined, but the maximum administered dose (MAD) of VAN, 7 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was considered unsafe related to bone toxicity, a known effect of WNT inhibition. After the study was revised, the MAD was 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks, with no protocol-specified bone toxicity observed (n = 16). Clinical trial information: NCT02005315.
Chemotaxis in shear flow: Similarity solutions of the steady‐state chemoattractant and bacterial distributions (2019)

Abstract When chemotactic bacteria are exposed to a concentration gradient of chemoattractant while flowing along a channel, the bacteria accumulate at the interface between the chemoattractant source and bacterial suspension. Assuming that the interface is no‐slip, we can apply the shear flow approximation near the no‐slip boundary and solve a steady‐state convection‐diffusion model for both chemoattractant and bacterial concentrations. We suggest similarity solutions for the two‐dimensional problem and identify a critical length scale η c for bacteria chemotaxis in a given concentration gradient. The analysis identifies three dimensionless groups representing, respectively, chemotactic sensitivity, the chemotaxis receptor constant, and the bacteria diffusion coefficient, which typically show coupled effects in experimental systems. We study the effect of the dimensionless groups separately and provide understanding of the system involving shear flow and chemotaxis.
A GaN-Based 10.1MHz Class-F-1 300 W Continuous Wave Amplifier Targeting Industrial Power Applications (2016)

This paper investigates a novel AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based high power amplifier for continuous wave operation in industrial power applications. A GaN HEMT device with a power density of 50 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was developed to counter specific challenges in these applications. Based on RF load-pull measurements of the developed transistors an inverse class-F power amplifier with an output power of 300 W and an efficiency of 74 % at 10 MHz was implemented and investigated.
Structural Studies of Adenovirus Type‐2 Hexon Protein (1974)

The adenovirus type 2 hexon protein produced in excess during infection was carboxymethylated by reduction and alkylation with iodo[2‐ 14 C]acetate in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Only one type of polypeptide chain was detected by exclusion chromatography in dissociating buffers. Peptide mapping experiments, sequence analysis of peptides and identification of possible protein terminal residues also suggest that all subunits are similar and probably identical. Structural analysis of [ 14 C]carboxymethylated hexon and of hexon which was labeled in vivo with [ 35 S]cysteine revealed six unique cysteine derivatives in soluble tryptic peptides. A seventh unique cysteine derivative, only partly carboxymethylated, was present in the tryptic core material and was recovered after chymotryptic digestion. Seven unique cysteine derivatives in the hexon subunit, correspond to a minimum molecular weight of about 100 000 for the subunit. This value is consistent with values obtained from exclusion chromatography in guanidine hydrochloride, from mercurial titration of an accessible thiol group in the intact protein and from peptide mapping experiments. Peptides corresponding to more than one tenth of the total number of residues in the protein chain were characterized and, with the inclusion of other peptides studied, about one quarter of all residues are accounted for. The results exclude extensive regions of identity in primary structure within the hexon subunits and the partial resistance towards attack by proteolytic enzymes is structurally explained.
BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF LOW-DOSE SYSTEMIC RETINOID IN COMBINATION WITH TOPICAL TRETINOIN FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT SKIN LESIONS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1995)

Renal transplant recipients experience a greatly increased frequency of neoplastic skin lesions, including aggressive squamous cell carcinomas. Recent reports suggest that high doses of systemic retinoids may exert a chemotherapeutic and chemoprophylactic effect. Similarly, topical retinoid, especially tretinoin, has also been shown to be anti-tumoragenic in various settings. Because of the serious toxicity of high-dose systemic retinoid, a protocol was developed that combined topical tretinoin with low-dose etretinate (10 mg daily) for the treatment of frequently occurring dysplastic skin lesions in renal transplant recipients. Seven patients elected to receive combined tretinoin and etretinate therapy, and 4 were treated with tretinoin alone. Clinical evaluations were performed monthly. By 3 months of therapy, 9 of 11 patients exhibited at least a 25% decrease in the number of neoplastic growths. After 6 months, 6 of 8 evaluable patients, including 2 of 3 individuals receiving tretinoin alone, exhibited at least a 50% decrease. Three of 4 patients on the combined regimen and 2 of 3 receiving tretinoin alone for at least 9 months, exhibited a significant decrease in the rate of development of new squamous cell cancers. At the start of treatment, epidermal specimens were almost completely devoid of Langerhans cells (CD1+ cells). Their density increased greatly and in proportion to the duration of therapy. Long term topical tretinoin with or without low-dose oral etretinate seems to be an effective regimen to suppress the development of new tumors and to reduce the numbers of existing lesions in renal transplant recipients.
Healthbot.net: patient education with a natural speaking robot before catheter ablation: results from 47 patients (2003)

Healthcare is seen as one of the most important areas for networked enterprise applications & services. Much effort is put into IT to achieve better efficiency & quality of service. Especially the fields of patient general & preventive education are associated with desirable outcomes like greater satisfaction and compliance of the patient. This work addresses the issue of more efficient handling of doctor-patient relationship. Healthbot.net uses agent technology to extend patient-doctor relationship beyond the physical & logistical limitation of face-to-face consultations. Work was done at a sample of 47 Patients educated before catheter ablation. Objective was to give patients possibility to let them (pre)access & enter information speaking "natural" language and evaluate the impact. Second objective was to provide a conversation overview & screening objective for the doctor.
An In Vivo MRI Study of Prefrontal Cortical Complexity in First-Episode Psychosis (2004)

An abnormal pattern of asymmetry in the prefrontal cortex of first-episode patients with schizophrenia provides evidence for a neurodevelopmental mechanism in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Fusobacterium nucleatum supresses anti-tumor immunity by activating CEACAM1 (2019)

<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum</i>) is an oral anaerobe found to be enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC). Presence of <i>F. nucleatum</i> in CRC has been correlated with resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated that the Fap2 outer-surface protein of <i>F. nucleatum</i> binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor TIGIT which is expressed by T and Natural Killer (NK) cells, and inhibits anti-tumor immunity. Here we show that <i>F. nucleatum</i> also binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor CEACAM1 leading to inhibition of T and NK cells activities. Our results suggest that using CEACAM1 and TIGIT inhibitors and specific targeting of fusobacteria should be considered for treating fusobacteria-colonized tumors.
Comprehensive Survey on Multi Attribute Decision Making Methods for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2019)

Recently, to design dynamic networks without existing infrastructure, wireless ad hoc networks have been proposed to establish self-organizing networks. In this type of network, to resolve the primary research challenge of establishing a stable path between source and destination, several metrics or utility values have been proposed to meet the specific objectives, as well as improve packet delivery ratio when developing communication protocols or addressing technical issues. Notably, most existing studies use the Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) algorithm to balance weights between relevant metrics to realize the above objective. However, despite their significant efforts, a comprehensive survey paper analyzing them together has not been published. Thus, in this paper, we describe the recent research and development efforts to employ MADM in ad hoc networks. First, we provide an overview of MADM and explain the well-known algorithms. After categorizing the current work according to the algorithms, the existing schemes are further divided by the type of networks. Based on this classification, we then detail the procedures with their research objectives. Furthermore, we present other research challenges and apparent problems in this research area.
ANDREI-a minicomputer nonlinear analysis program for integrated circuits (1978)

A circuit analysis program, ANDREI, has been developed which can be run on a 32K 16-bit word minicomputer with a disk unit. A novel virtual storage scheme is used to save internal memory required by large arrays. The nonlinear DC and transient and small-signal AC analyses of circuits up to 150 nodes and 150 elements can be performed in the present version. Semiconductor device models for diodes, bipolar junction transistors, junction- and MOSFETs are built in. ANDREI runs presently on a 32K VARIAN 73 minicomputer.
Computer-aided nucleic acid secondary structure modeling incorporating enzymatic digestion data (1984)

We present a computer-aided method for determining nucleic acid secondary structure. The method utilizes a program which has the capability to filter matrix diagonal data on the basis of diagonal length, stabilization energy, and chemical and enzymatic data. The program also allows the user to assign selected regions of the structure as uniquely single-stranded or paired, and to filter out "trade-off" structures on the basis of such pairing. In order to demonstrate the utility of the program we present a preliminary secondary structure for the 3' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 (AMV-4 RNA). This structure is based on an analysis which includes the use of in vitro partial enzymatic digestion of the RNA.