gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Reversal and Mixing (2006)

Abstract Flow reversal provides insights about mixing mechanisms in flow through porous media. We have simulated the effect of flow reversal on mixing in two-dimensional porous media in two different ways. First, we simulate the transport of a tracer slug by solving the Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations in the pore space. This approach allows investigation of solute transport and mixing in simple flow geometries from first principles without assumptions about macroscopic models for mixing. The direction of flow is reversed before solute exits the medium. The simulation studies are carried out for several diffusion coefficients, penetration depths and for several flow geometries. The second approach uses particle tracking to simulate the effect of flow reversal at larger length scales. This approach is free of numerical dispersion, can be used in the absence of diffusion and has no limits on the size of the simulation. It is, however, limited to layered media flow. The simulation studies presented in this paper explain the mechanism of mixing and the origin of the irreversibility of mixing. We also explain several experimental observations on flow reversal tests found in the literature. Changes in pore morphology significantly enhance mixing in pore space by inducing local velocity gradients and increasing the surface area available for diffusion. This local mixing, caused by diffusion, is irreversible. However, velocity gradient (convective spreading) alone does not cause mixing. In the limit of zero diffusion, on flow reversal, mixing is completely reversible. We show that even a small amount of diffusion is enough to cause irreversibility of mixing. Although seemingly small, diffusion can homogenize concentrations in the transverse direction to flow even at the field scale. Thus it is important to include the effect of diffusion when analyzing miscible displacements in porous media.
Functional Role of Arrestin-1 Residues Interacting With Unphosphorylated Rhodopsin Elements (2023)

Arrestin-1, or visual arrestin, exhibits an exquisite selectivity for light-activated phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh*) over its other functional forms. That selectivity is believed to be mediated by two well-established structural elements in the arrestin-1 molecule, the activation sensor detecting the active conformation of rhodopsin and the phosphorylation sensor responsive to the rhodopsin phosphorylation, which only active phosphorylated rhodopsin can engage simultaneously. However, in the crystal structure of the arrestin-1-rhodopsin complex there are arrestin-1 residues located close to rhodopsin, which do not belong to either sensor. Here we tested by site-directed mutagenesis the functional role of these residues in wild type arrestin-1 using direct binding assay to P-Rh* and light-activated unphosphorylated rhodopsin (Rh*). We found that many mutations either enhanced the binding only to Rh* or increased the binding to Rh* much more than to P-Rh*. The data suggest that the native residues in these positions act as binding suppressors, specifically inhibiting the arrestin-1 binding to Rh* and thereby increasing arrestin-1 selectivity for P-Rh*. This calls for the modification of a widely accepted model of the arrestin-receptor interactions.
Regulation of polyomavirus transcription by large tumor antigen. (1984)

We have analyzed the regulation of viral transcription by the large tumor antigen in cells infected by several viable deletion and insertion mutants of polyomavirus. We find that deletion of the early promoter "TATA box" and associated large tumor antigen binding site has only a small effect on the balance of early and late mRNAs. Furthermore, transcription of a polyomavirus containing a heterologous adenovirus promoter in place of the normal TATA box and cap sites is regulated by the large tumor antigen. We conclude that repression of polyomavirus early transcription cannot occur simply by binding of the large tumor antigen to DNA sequences at the site of transcription initiation and must involve the interaction of the large tumor antigen binding at other sites.
4029 Flow Characteristics through the Staggered Tube Banks Arranged Downstream of an Elbow Duct (2006)

The Air Turbo Ramjet (ATR) engine is considered to be one of the propulsion systems for space planes. The precooler is one of the heat exchangers and a key technology for the ATR engine. It produces, however, the inlet distortions of total pressure. The tube banks with staggered arrangement are located just downstream of an elbow. The velocity distributions are measured in the downstream of the tube banks. For comparison, the tube banks with straight duct are also examined. The results show that the low spot of an arranging in A-shape in the elbow duct with tube banks. Moreover, a low speed area appears by backward side in the straight duct with yawed tube banks.
Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Compounds with Selective Cytotoxicity for Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells Using 3D Ligand-Based Virtual Screening (2014)

We describe a ligand-based approach towards compounds with more specific targeting for Burkitt's lymphoma. Using three-dimensional ligand-based similarity searches and a previously described hit compound, we have identified six compounds that are chemically different but with similar spatial conformations. Biological evaluation revealed that one compound has better growth inhibition and improved selectivity towards Burkitt's lymphoma cells than the query compound. However, initial mechanism-of-action studies show a different target profile in comparison with the previous hit compound, which does not involve the inhibition of the proteasome or the NFκB pathway. The data from this study provide a solid basis for further efforts in the search for selective agents against Burkitt's lymphoma.
Triazolines. 14. 1,2,3-Triazolines and triazoles. A new class of anticonvulsants. Drug design and structure-activity relationships (1988)

Pioneering studies in our laboratories have led to the emergence of the delta 2-1,2,3-triazolines (4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazoles) and the closely related 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as a unique family of anticonvulsant agents hitherto unknown. Unlike the traditional anticonvulsants, the dicarboximide moiety is absent from the traiazoline ring system. This paper examines the results of evaluation of several groups of 1-aryl-5-pyridyl-substituted triazolines and triazoles with particular reference to structure-activity relationships in each compound group as well as between compounds in the different groups and the 1,5-diaryl compounds. The Topliss manual approach for application fo the Hansch method is employed for the rational design of triazoline/triazole anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsant activity was determined, after intraperitoneal administration, in two standard seizure models in the mouse, the MES and scMet tests. Central nervous system toxicity was evaluated in the rotorod ataxia test. Analysis of structure-activity relationships using the Topliss scheme indicated a clear pi + sigma dependency in the 1-aryl-5-(4-pyridyl)triazolines while an adverse steric effect (Es) from 4-substitution appeared to be present in the 1-aryl-5-(3-pyridyl) compounds. A similar but strong steric effect dominated the structure-activity pattern of the 1-aryl-5-(4-pyridyl)triazoles, although a sigma dependency was more evident in the 1-aryl-5-(3-pyridyl)- and the 1,5-diaryltriazole series. No significant activity was observed among the 1-aryl-5-(2-pyridyl)triazolines, and although the respective triazoles were active, the parameter dependency was not clearly defined. Similarly, the 1,5-diaryltriazolines, as a group, showed no pronounced anticonvulsant activity. However, replacement of the 5-aryl with a pyridyl group, particularly a 4-pyridyl, led to highly enhanced anticonvulsant activity. In addition, oxidation of triazolines with no anticonvulsant activity yielded, as a rule, triazoles that were active, which could be linked to their chemistry or structural conformation. The triazolines and triazoles evince anticonvulsant activity as a class and compare very well with the prototype antiepileptic drugs--ethosuximide, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproate--in their anticonvulsant potency and minimal neurotoxicity. They have emerged as a new generation of anticonvulsant agents that show great promise as potentially useful antiepileptic drugs.
Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, (Volume 2) W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger (editors) (2007)

" Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, (Volume 2) W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger (editors)." , 22(6), p. 789
Raman microprobe characterization of electrodeposited S-rich CuIn(S,Se)2 for photovoltaic applications: Microstructural analysis (2007)

This article reports a detailed Raman scattering and microstructural characterization of S-rich CuIn(S,Se)2 absorbers produced by electrodeposition of nanocrystalline CuInSe2 precursors and subsequent reactive annealing under sulfurizing conditions. Surface and in-depth resolved Raman microprobe measurements have been correlated with the analysis of the layers by optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and in-depth Auger electron spectroscopy. This has allowed corroboration of the high crystalline quality of the sulfurized layers. The sulfurizing conditions used also lead to the formation of a relatively thick MoS2 intermediate layer between the absorber and the Mo back contact. The analysis of the absorbers has also allowed identification of the presence of In-rich secondary phases, which are likely related to the coexistence in the electrodeposited precursors of ordered vacancy compound domains with the main chalcopyrite phase, in spite of the Cu-rich conditions used in the growth. This points out the higher complexity of the electrodeposition and sulfurization processes in relation to those based in vacuum deposition techniques.
Bithiazole Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Kinase (PI4KIIIβ) as Broad‐Spectrum Antivirals Blocking the Replication of SARS‐CoV‐2, Zika Virus, and Human Rhinoviruses (2021)

Over half a century since the description of the first antiviral drug, "old" re-emerging viruses and "new" emerging viruses still represent a serious threat to global health. Their high mutation rate and rapid selection of resistance toward common antiviral drugs, together with the increasing number of co-infections, make the war against viruses quite challenging. Herein we report a host-targeted approach, based on the inhibition of the lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ, as a promising strategy for inhibiting the replication of multiple viruses hijacking this protein. We show that bithiazole inhibitors of PI4KIIIβ block the replication of human rhinoviruses (hRV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar and sub-micromolar concentrations. However, while the anti-hRV/ZIKV activity can be directly linked to PI4KIIIβ inhibition, the role of PI4KIIIβ in SARS-CoV-2 entry/replication is debated.
A mild hemophilia B case with postoperative bleeds following thromboprophylaxis (2022)

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to brain glycolipids mediated by sfaA gene-encoded protein of S-fimbriae (1993)

In an attempt to further assess the role of S-fimbriae in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli meningitis, the adherence of E. coli strains with or without S-fimbriae were examined for this study to purified glycolipids using thin layer chromatography overlay assays. Only S-fimbriated E. coli strains bound to sulfatide, seminolipid, galactosyl ceramide, and lactosyl ceramide but not to gangliosides including sialyl neolacto-series and other neutral glycolipids. The binding of S-fimbriated E. coli to sulfatide was temperature dependent (i.e. maximal at 37 degrees C) and inhibited by S-fimbriae, anti-S-fimbriae, and anti-S-adhesin antibodies as well as by sulfatide, galactosyl ceramide, and lactosyl ceramide. E. coli transformants which lack the sfaA gene from the Sfa gene cluster showed no binding to the glycolipids, while other transformants lacking the adhesin gene sfaS or sfaG or H and mutants obtained by site-directed mutagenesis in the sfaS gene exhibited a similar binding to the glycolipids compared to the parent S-fimbriated strain. A large amount of sulfated glycolipids was demonstrated on brain endothelial cells and the binding of S-fimbriated E. coli to brain endothelial cells was inhibited by these glycolipids. These findings suggest that the binding of S-fimbriated E. coli to brain endothelial cells occurs in part via glycolipids containing terminal Gal(3SO4)beta-1 residues and in part by S-fimbriae protein SfaA. S-adhesin was not involved in the binding of S-fimbriae to these glycolipids.
TUMORS OF THE CERVICAL PORTION OF THE SPINAL CORD (1940)

Tumors of the spinal cord occupy a prominent position in the field of neurologic diagnosis and neurosurgery. Their early recognition is of importance, for long-continued pressure frequently leads to irreparable damage to the spinal cord, which cannot be altered by removal of the tumor. When situated in the cervical portion of the spinal cord these tumors produce more bizarre symptoms than when they are in the thoracic, lumbar or sacral regions and are likely to be confused with other clinical conditions for which operation is not so imperative or so successful. Although tumors occur less frequently in the cervical region than in other portions of the spinal cord, there were 91 tumors of this region in a series of 597 pathologically verified tumors of the spinal cord at the Mayo Clinic. In presenting the results of surgical, clinical and pathologic observation of tumors in the cervical region, the 91 cases
Spatially-coupled Split-component Codes with Iterative Algebraic\n Decoding (2015)

We analyze a class of high performance, low decoding-data-flow\nerror-correcting codes suitable for high bit-rate optical-fiber communication\nsystems. A spatially-coupled split-component ensemble is defined, generalizing\nfrom the most important codes of this class, staircase codes and braided block\ncodes, and preserving a deterministic partitioning of component-code bits over\ncode blocks. Our analysis focuses on low-complexity iterative algebraic\ndecoding, which, for the binary erasure channel, is equivalent to a\ngeneralization of the peeling decoder. Using the differential equation method,\nwe derive a vector recursion that tracks the expected residual graph evolution\nthroughout the decoding process. The threshold of the recursion is found using\npotential function analysis. We generalize the analysis to mixture ensembles\nconsisting of more than one type of component code, which provide increased\nflexibility of ensemble parameters and can improve performance. The analysis\nextends to the binary symmetric channel by assuming mis-correction-free\ncomponent-code decoding. Simple upper-bounds on the number of errors\ncorrectable by the ensemble are derived. Finally, we analyze the threshold of\nspatially-coupled split-component ensembles under beyond bounded-distance\ncomponent decoding.\n
Heat Transfer Study on Flame Pasteurization of Liquids in Aluminum Cans (1986)

ABSTRACT Heat transfer studies were performed in 209 × 413 aluminum cans using 1% bentonite suspension. The cans were heated in a pilot flame sterilizer. The temperature profile was practically uniform radially and axially after 4.5 min of heating. The slowest heating was experienced in the bottom (heel) of these cans. The temperature difference between the slowest heating point and the hot region over the flame decreased as the can was heated: from 15.6°C after 1 min to 6.7°C after 4.5 min of heating. The internal heat transfer coefficient at 40 rpm was measured and showed an increase with heating time.
Localized Algorithm of Community Detection on Large-Scale Decentralized Social Networks (2012)

Despite the overwhelming success of the existing Social Networking Services (SNS), their centralized ownership and control have led to serious concerns in user privacy, censorship vulnerability and operational robustness of these services. To overcome these limitations, Distributed Social Networks (DSN) have recently been proposed and implemented. Under these new DSN architectures, no single party possesses the full knowledge of the entire social network. While this approach solves the above problems, the lack of global knowledge for the DSN nodes makes it much more challenging to support some common but critical SNS services like friends discovery and community detection. In this paper, we tackle the problem of community detection for a given user under the constraint of limited local topology information as imposed by common DSN architectures. By considering the Personalized Page Rank (PPR) approach as an ink spilling process, we justify its applicability for decentralized community detection using limited local topology information.Our proposed PPR-based solution has a wide range of applications such as friends recommendation, targeted advertisement, automated social relationship labeling and sybil defense. Using data collected from a large-scale SNS in practice, we demonstrate our adapted version of PPR can significantly outperform the basic PR as well as two other commonly used heuristics. The inclusion of a few manually labeled friends in the Escape Vector (EV) can boost the performance considerably (64.97% relative improvement in terms of Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC)).
Selective synthesis applying amino acids with basic side chains as peptide precursors (2009)

Synthesis of protected amino acid derivatives has long been established as one of the most useful methods for peptide coupling, with applications in studies involving receptor-binding affinities and in protein stereochemical studies to elucidate enzymatic mechanisms. Amino acid esters incorporating glycine, proline, phenylalanine and related methyl esters have often been synthesized due to their usefulness, and the lysine derivative named Na - Benzyloxycarbonyl - Ne - tert-butyloxycarbonyl - L - lysin - (N - hydroxy-succinimidester) has also been used extensively as a coupling agent for the formation of peptide bonds and to facilitate the synthesis of endorphins and enzyme inhibitors. However, efficient syntheses have been rare, and therefore a novel, multi-step sequence involving the selective addition and subsequent removal of several common protecting groups has recently been completed. This novel method was facilitated via the use of a sterically hindered base and a Dean-Stark trap to decrease the time required for complete cyclization. Reaction progress was monitored using thin layer chromatography, and all products have been analytically characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Enantioselectivity has been maintained for both of the amino acids arginine and lysine.

	 

	Key words: Protecting groups, amino acids, peptides, lactams.
PHOTON-NUMBER DISTRIBUTION AND WIGNER FUNCTION OF GENERALIZED PHOTON-MODULATED COHERENT STATE (2012)

In this paper, we present the generalized photon-modulated coherent state (GPMCS) generated by repeatedly operating the combination of Bosonic creation and annihilation operators on the coherent state. It is found that the GPMCS is a Hermite-excited coherent state and its normalization factor is related to single-variable Hermite polynomials. Furthermore, some significant quantum statistical properties of the GPMCS are investigated, such as photon-number distribution (PND) and the Wigner function (WF). We find that the WF of the GPMCS has negative values when the generalized photon-modulation exists, which implies the nonclassical properties of the GPMCS.
Magnetorheological behavior of magnetoactive elastomers filled with bimodal iron and magnetite particles (2017)

Magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) based on soft silicone matrices, filled with various proportions of large diameter (approximately 50 μm) iron and small diameter (approximately 0.5 μm) magnetite particles are synthesized. Their rheological behavior in homogeneous magnetic fields up to 600 mT is studied in detail. The addition of small magnetite particles facilitates fabrication of uniformly distributed magnetic elastomer composites by preventing aggregation and sedimentation of large particles during curing. It is shown that using the proposed bimodal filler particles it is possible to tailor various magnetorheological (MR) properties which can be useful for different target applications. In particular, either absolute or relative magnetorheological effects can be tuned. The value of the damping factor as well as the range of deformation amplitudes for the linear viscoelastic regime can be chosen. The interdependencies between different MR properties of bimodal MAEs are considered. The results are discussed in the model framework of particle network formation under the simultaneous influence of external magnetic fields and mechanical deformation.
Comment on Whither The First New Nation? (1979)

The period between 1963 and the present had been profoundly-troubling to the nation and to the centrist portion of its intellectual class; the “dismal story” of those fifteen years caught them off guard. As Michael Rogin has observed, by the early 1950’s it seemed apparent that FDR, the New Deal, and World War II has stabilized American capitalism; certainly, the war had solidified America’s preeminent position on the world political stage; and the Cold War and McCarthyism had successfully throttled the last vestiges of leftist agitation. Aided by the GI Bill and the promise of an ever-expanding national income pie, the nation had settled down to the serious business of building a suburban middle class life, and with it a conservative and consensus-minded national ideology. Such residual traces of political rancor as survived the war were laid to rest (or so it seemed) by the Eisenhower victory of 1952, and there was, at the time, serious scholarly speculation about the possibility (perhaps inevitability) of a permanent Republican majority. The intellectual catchphrases of the era are instructive: it was the “Age of Affluence” and the “End of Ideology.”
Health promotion through Shokuiku: childhood health (2010)

Multiple strategies for child health promotion have resulted in Japan having the lowest infant death rate in the world. However, the bubble economy of the 1970s led young people in Japan to lose interest in their diet, eating a nutritionally unbalanced diet with irregular eating times, overeating, and excessive focus on thinness. These trends led to increases in obesity and lifestyle-related diseases, even among children, attributed to reduction in the ability of parents to impart food education to their children, and a confused lifestyle resulting in reduced mental and physical vitality. Important issues in Japanese education include the declining educational function of families and local communities, excessive competition in entrance examinations, growing concern over delinquency, bullying, and school absenteeism. It has also been claimed that the ability to make judgments based on one's own inquiry and express one's own thoughts is not adequately nurtured, and that the insistence that there be only one correct answer prevents broader perspectives. As such, school education must emphasize the emotional aspects, and nurture in students the qualities and abilities needed for them to learn and think independently and act on their own judgment. At the same time, it must cultivate a rich human nature which possesses a high regard for justice and fairness, self-judgment, cooperation with others, consideration for others, and respect for human rights, as fundamental values. The importance of emphasizing the study and values to produce Japanese people with pride in their history, traditions, and culture, as well as international awareness and respect for the history and culture of other countries, has also been pointed out.