gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Metabolic Profiles of the Leaves and Xylem Sap of Two Sugarcane Genotypes Infected with the Vascular Bacterial Pathogen Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (2021)

Ratoon stunt (RS) is a worldwide disease that reduces biomass up to 80% and is caused by the xylem-dwelling bacterium <i>Leifsonia xyli</i> subsp. <i>xyli</i>. This study identified discriminant metabolites between a resistant (R) and a susceptible (S) sugarcane variety at the early stages of pathogen colonization (30 and 120 days after inoculation-DAI) by untargeted and targeted metabolomics of leaves and xylem sap using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Bacterial titers were quantified in sugarcane extracts at 180 DAI through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial titers were at least four times higher on the S variety than in the R one. Global profiling detected 514 features in the leaves and 68 in the sap, while 119 metabolites were quantified in the leaves and 28 in the sap by targeted metabolomics. Comparisons between mock-inoculated treatments indicated a greater abundance of amino acids in the leaves of the S variety and of phenolics, flavonoids, and salicylic acid in the R one. In the xylem sap, fewer differences were detected among phenolics and flavonoids, but also included higher abundances of the signaling molecule sorbitol and glycerol in R. Metabolic changes in the leaves following pathogen inoculation were detected earlier in R than in S and were mostly related to amino acids in R and to phosphorylated compounds in S. Differentially represented metabolites in the xylem sap included abscisic acid. The data represent a valuable resource of potential biomarkers for metabolite-assisted selection of resistant varieties to RS.
P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors on human intestinal epithelial carcinoma cells: effects of extracellular nucleotides on apoptosis and cell proliferation (2005)

Extracellular nucleotides interact with purinergic receptors, which regulate ion transport in a variety of epithelia. With the use of two different human epithelial carcinoma cell lines (HCT8 and Caco-2), we have shown by RT-PCR that the cells express mRNA for P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X5, P2X6, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, and P2Y12 receptors. Protein expression for P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors was also demonstrated immunohistochemically, and P2X receptor subtype protein was present in the following decreasing order: P2X4 > P2X7 > P2X1 > P2X3 > P2X6 > P2X5 >> P2X2. The functional presence of P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors was shown based on the effect of extracellular nucleotides on apoptosis or cell proliferation, and measurement of nucleotide-dependent calcium fluxes using a fluorometric imaging plate reader in the presence of different selective agonists and antagonists. ATP, at high concentrations, induced apoptosis through ligation of P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors; conversely, ATP, at lower concentrations, and UTP stimulated proliferation, probably acting via P2Y2 receptors. We therefore propose that stimulation or dysfunction of purinergic receptors may contribute at least partially to modulation of epithelial carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin (1980)

A field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. The trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. The sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. Their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. At about six weeks of age they were moved to one of three isolated grow-out units where they were held to slaughter weight. Sows in five of the groups were dosed with high levels of tiamulin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide preparations from their entry into the farrowing house until their biggest piglets were weaned. Their piglets were dosed with similar drugs from birth until 10 days of age. The first and seventh groups of sows and their litters were not medicated. Tests were carried out on pigs aged five to 11 weeks, on slaughter pigs, and on pigs which died or were killed at different ages, for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and colonic treponemes, which were readily detectable in the herd of origin. No evidence could be found of mycoplasma or bordetella. Colonic treponemes were recovered from some of the pigs at slaughter, but not from younger pigs. Thirty-seven boars and gilts from the medicated groups were introduced into 11 herds thought to be free of enzootic pneumonia and 13 were introduced into three herds which had enzootic pneumonia. No subsequent signs of enzootic pneumonia were noted in 10 of the enzootic pneumonia-free herds.
Hydrogen-cooled turbine generators (1940)

ONE of the most radical innovations in the design of electrical machinery in recent years has been the adoption of hydrogen cooling for large turbine generators. Now that a number of the large hydrogen-cooled units are in operation, it would seem timely to review the experience gained in building and operating this new-type equipment.
Lanthanide‐Catalyst‐Mediated Tandem Double Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Dialkynyl Dialcohols: Scope and Mechanism (2010)

Lanthanide-organic complexes of the general type [Ln{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(3)] (Ln=La, Sm, Y, Lu) serve as effective precatalysts for the rapid, exo-selective, and highly regioselective tandem double intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/cyclization of primary and secondary dialkynyl dialcohols to yield the corresponding bi-exocyclic enol ethers. Conversions are highly selective with products distinctly different from those generally produced by conventional transition metal or other catalysts, and the turnover frequencies with some substrates are too large to determine accurately. The rates of terminal alkynl alcohol hydroalkoxylation/cyclization are significantly more rapid than those of internal alkynyl alcohols, arguing that steric demands dominate the cyclization transition state. The hydroalkoxylation/cyclizations of internal dialkynyl dialcohols afford excellent E selectivity. The rate law for dialkynyl dialcohol hydroalkoxylation/cyclization is first-order in [catalyst] and zero-order in [alkynyl alcohol], as is observed for the organolanthanide-catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, aminoalkynes, and aminoallenes, and the intramolecular single-step hydroalkoxylation/cyclization of alkynyl alcohols. An ROH/ROD kinetic isotope effect of 0.82(0.02) is observed for the tandem double hydroalkoxylation/cyclization. These mechanistic data implicate turnover-limiting insertion of C-C unsaturation into the Ln-O bond, involving a highly organized transition state, with subsequent, rapid Ln-C protonolysis.
Parameter sensitivity of MRAC models employed in IFO-controlled AC motor drive (1997)

An investigation of the parameter sensitivities of the d-axis voltage, q-axis voltage, and the reactive power models used in model reference adaptive control (MRAC) strategy for tuning the indirect field-oriented (IFO) controller is presented. These reference models are derived from the dynamic model of the machine under the assumption that the IFO control conditions are valid. In this paper, the machine has been considered to operate under variable speed and load conditions. To improve the robustness of the MRAC strategy, a cascade parameter estimation technique has been used to track the variations in r/sub s/ and /spl sigma/l/sub s/. The experimental results obtained with the proposed estimation technique, as well as with the MRAC strategy, are presented.
Structure and competition in the U.S. home video game industry (2002)

Abstract The video game industry has continued to grow dramatically over the past decade, cutting into mainstream media in participation and revenues as it becomes part of mainstream media culture. Following the industrial organization model, this paper conceptualizes and systematically analyzes five vertical stages and the key market segments of consoles, handheld and PC‐based games. Genre‐based measures of content show that the different game platforms have varying levels of product diversity, driven by differing levels of risk and rewards. Comparisons in production and distribution are made with other major media. The main conclusion is that the industry is reaching a mature phase with concentration and integration beginning to be found in its stages. A mainstreaming of content is partially countered by a vibrant community of developers, mostly for PC games. As a standard‐based industry, non‐interoperability and network effects continue to play a key role in preserving competition in a field with a shrinking number of firms.
High pulsed current density β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs verified by an analytical model corrected for interface charge (2017)

We report on Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs grown by molecular beam epitaxy with as-grown carrier concentrations from 0.7 × 1018 to 1.6 × 1018 cm−3 and a fixed channel thickness of 200 nm. A pulsed current density of &amp;gt;450 mA/mm was achieved on the sample with the lowest sheet resistance and a gate length of 2 μm. Our results are explained using a simple analytical model with a measured gate voltage correction factor based on interface charges that accurately predict the electrical performance for all doping variations.
Investigation of a Cell Mechanosensing System by Measuring Cytoskeletal Deformation and Intracellular Calcium Ion Concentration (2011)

This paper describes a method to investigate the relationship between cytoskeletal deformation by mechanical stimulation and its corresponding intracellular signals for identifying mechanosensors of cells. Gene transfection of green fluorescent protein to osteoblasts enabled visualization of actin in cells. When local deformation was applied to a cell by a micropipette, the distribution of cytoskeletal actin deformation in the whole cell was automatically obtained from the two images of the cell before and after deformation by using KLT method. Calcium ion signaling response to the same mechanical stimulation was measured as the spatial and temporal changes of fluorescent intensity of fluo-4 loaded to osteoblasts. As a result, we obtained the relationship between the deformation and the biochemical signals in cells.
Drop Impact on a Solid Surface (2015)

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Experimental Studies of Dust Suction Irregularity from Multi-Cyclone Dust Collector of Two-Stage Air Filter (2021)

The necessity of two-stage (multi-cyclone-baffle) inlet air filters used for motor vehicle engines operating under dusty conditions was demonstrated. The advantages of a set of several dozen cyclones (multi-cyclone) used for filtering inlet air in the engines were shown. The problem of dust accumulation separated by the cyclones in the multi-cyclone dust collector and the necessity of its removal on a current basis were analyzed. Methods of removing dust from the dust collector by means of the QS suction flow were described. It was demonstrated that the most rational method of forcing the suction flow is the use of the suction flow released from the engine. The study results are presented in this paper and show that the removal (by suction) of the accumulated dust from the dust collector additionally causes a noticeable increase in cyclone filtration efficiency. It was shown that the effective suction flow must not exceed 10–15% of the outlet flow value from the cyclone. It was evidenced that the suction of dust from the dust collector of the multi-cyclone, whose range covers several dozen cyclones, causes a differentiation in the value of the suction flows from the individual cyclones, which decreases the effect of suction and interferers with the proper operation of the cyclone. The use of a proprietary methodology, an experimental study of the irregularity of the suction from the cyclones of two multi-cyclones differing in construction, was performed. Suction flows from the cyclones, which were located at a significant distance from the main suction duct, showed 50% lower values. Possibilities of reducing the irregularity of the suction flows from the several dozen cyclones forming the multi-cyclone are presented.
Supplementary Data from MYC/Glutamine Dependency Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Pancreatic Cancer with Deoxycytidine Kinase Inactivation-Induced Gemcitabine Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;
Attenuation of Cocaine Self‐Administration by Dual Inhibition of the Dopamine Transporter and Sigma Receptors (2009)

Previous studies have indicated that sigma receptor (σR) antagonists decrease reinforcing effects of cocaine in place conditioning, but not self‐administration (SA) procedures. The present study further examined σR involvement in cocaine SA. Rats trained to self administer cocaine exhibited maximal increases in responding compared to vehicle at 0.32 mg/kg/injection and lower rates at other doses. The σR agonists, DTG and PRE‐084, but not standard σR antagonists (BD 1008, BD 1047, BD 1063, AC 927, NE 100), maintained SA like cocaine, with PRE‐084 being 10‐fold more potent than DTG. The σR antagonists had no effect on cocaine SA across a range of doses. DTG and PRE‐084 as well as ligands for the dopamine transporter (DAT) shifted the cocaine dose‐effect curve leftward. In addition, σR agonist SA was dose‐dependently blocked by standard σR antagonists, and analogues of rimcazole which also bind to the DAT. In contrast to standard σR antagonists, rimcazole analogues also decreased cocaine SA. Further, combinations of standard σR antagonists with the DAT inhibitor, WIN 35,428, decreased cocaine SA. Rimcazole analogues were more potent in decreasing responding maintained by cocaine than food. These findings suggest that 1) σR agonists can have reinforcing effects in rats trained to self‐administer cocaine, and 2) cocaine SA can be attenuated by dual inhibition of the DAT and σRs.
Synthesis of tough nanoporous metals by controlled electrolytic dealloying (2006)

Dealloying (selective dissolution) of homogeneous metallic alloys such as Ag–Au generates nanoporous metals with intriguing properties. Until now, it has not been possible routinely to prepare such materials in a form in which they would resist mechanical strains, such as might be encountered in applications as membranes, sensors or actuators. Now a threshold potential has been identified, for dealloying of Ag–Au in aqueous HClO4, above which spontaneous transgranular fracture occurs due to the formation of a monolayer of gold hydroxide. The fracture mechanism involves a reduction in surface diffusivity, preventing relaxation of induced tension in the porous material, and possible more exotic effects. By optimizing the Au content of the alloy, staying below the threshold potential and increasing the temperature of the electrolyte, dealloyed membranes with a high degree of mechanical integrity have been prepared. When prepared in this way, the nanoporous material shows peculiar behaviours, such as grain-boundary sintering under annealing, and reversible stiffening and embrittlement when dried in air.
Highly air-stable electrical performance of graphene field effect transistors by interface engineering with amorphous fluoropolymer (2011)

Excellent stability on the electrical characteristics of graphene field effect transistors in an air ambient is achieved by inserting an amorphous fluoropolymer between the graphene channel and SiO2 gate dielectric. The interface engineering exploits the highly water repellent property of the fluoropolymer stemming from high hydrophobicity and low moisture permeation, and results in negligible hole doping of graphene from absorption of water molecules. In addition, the graphene field effect transistors with the fluoropolymer/SiO2 gate dielectric shows superior performances including negligible VDirac hysteresis and highly stable carrier mobility, which are important characteristics for analog rf device applications.
Wavefield separation for borehole acoustic reflection surveys using parametric inversion (2008)

A wavefield separation method using parametric inversion and decomposition is developed for data acquired for a borehole acoustic reflection survey (BARS). We start by estimating parameters describing the propagation along the wellbore of compressional, shear, and Stoneley waves, including geometric spreading and complex‐valued velocities. We find and subtract the maximum portion of the measured wavefields, compatible with these estimated parameters. A further attenuation of the direct waves are obtained using median filters along the estimated propagation velocities. After removing the direct waves, we are left with a relatively larger presence of components of the wavefield possibly reflected in the formation. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by application to the real field data.
Raman scattering from ultraheavily-ion-implanted and laser-annealed silicon (1986)

A comparative Raman scattering study of ultraheavily-arsenic-implanted silicon pulse-laser annealed with the \ensuremath{\lambda}=1.06 and 0.53 \ensuremath{\mu}m wavelengths of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (where YAG is yttrium aluminum garnet) has been made to ascertain the degree of disorder in the supersaturated alloy which shows up in the line-shape asymmetry of the one-phonon mode and the scattering amplitude of the two-phonon transverse-acoustic and transverse-optic modes. Enhanced diffusion of the arsenic atom in silicon is observed in the Raman spectrum of the ultraheavily implanted silicon after pulse-laser annealing with \ensuremath{\lambda}=1.06 \ensuremath{\mu}m photons.
Task-Based Parallelization of Unstructured Meshes Assembly Using D&amp;amp;C Strategy (2014)

This paper introduces our work on parallelizing unstructured mesh applications in shared memory. Our approach uses task-based runtime and Divide and Conquer recursive bissection strategy for the work decomposition. We demonstrate this parallelization strategy on the unstructured mesh assembly step of an industrial CFD application. Preliminary results show a speedup of 1.8x on a 12 cores node and a performance on Xeon Phi equivalent to 15 Ivy Bridge cores, with a parallel efficiency higher than 90% on the physical cores.
Inverse Kinematics for Industrial Robots using Conformal Geometric Algebra (2016)

This paper shows how the recently developed formulation of conformal geometric algebra can be used for analytic inverse kinematics of two six-link industrial manipulators with revolute joints. The paper demonstrates that the solution of the inverse kinematics in this framework relies on the intersection of geometric objects like lines, circles, planes and spheres, which provides the developer with valuable geometric intuition about the problem. It is believed that this will be very useful for new robot geometries and other mechanisms like cranes and topside drilling equipment. The paper extends previous results on inverse kinematics using conformal geometric algebra by providing consistent solutions for the joint angles for the different configurations depending on shoulder left or right, elbow up or down, and wrist flipped or not. Moreover, it is shown how to relate the solution to the Denavit-Hartenberg parameters of the robot. The solutions have been successfully implemented and tested extensively over the whole workspace of the manipulators.
Improving In-memory Column-Store Database Predicate Evaluation Performance on Multi-core Systems (2010)

The ability to analyze a large volume of data for the purpose of business intelligence has led to various innovations in database technology. One example is the increased interest of using column-oriented data layout to address query performance in analytical and warehousing workloads. As system architectures move towards multi-core designs, it is important to address optimizing performance for these workloads on these platforms. In this paper we present SPHINX, an architecture that utilizes multi-core systems for search-based predicate evaluation operations in analytical query workloads against in-memory column store. We discuss the natural parallelism of predicate evaluations and various bottlenecks that impact search performance. We present several performance improvement techniques and apply a scan sharing technique based on cache reuse efficiency to further improve the performance. We demonstrate the performance benefits of our scan sharing scheduler over other scheduling approaches in a workload of mixed search queries.
Symptoms of problematic cellular phone use, functional impairment and its association with depression among adolescents in Southern Taiwan (2008)

The aims of this study were: (1) to examine the prevalence of symptoms of problematic cellular phone use (CPU); (2) to examine the associations between the symptoms of problematic CPU, functional impairment caused by CPU and the characteristics of CPU; (3) to establish the optimal cut-off point of the number of symptoms for functional impairment caused by CPU; and (4) to examine the association between problematic CPU and depression in adolescents. A total of 10,191 adolescent students in Southern Taiwan were recruited into this study. Participants' self-reported symptoms of problematic CPU and functional impairments caused by CPU were collected. The associations of symptoms of problematic CPU with functional impairments and with the characteristics of CPU were examined. The cut-off point of the number of symptoms for functional impairment was also determined. The association between problematic CPU and depression was examined by logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that the symptoms of problematic CPU were prevalent in adolescents. The adolescents who had any one of the symptoms of problematic CPU were more likely to report at least one dimension of functional impairment caused by CPU, called more on cellular phones, sent more text messages, or spent more time and higher fees on CPU. Having four or more symptoms of problematic CPU had the highest potential to differentiate between the adolescents with and without functional impairment caused by CPU. Adolescents who had significant depression were more likely to have four or more symptoms of problematic CPU. The results of this study may provide a basis for detecting symptoms of problematic CPU in adolescents.
Outer Membrane Protein Profiles of Paired Nasopharyngeal and Middle Ear Isolates of Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from Mexican Children with Acute Otitis Media (1999)

We studied nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) isolates from simultaneous cultures of nasopharyngeal exudates (NEs) and middle ear fluids (MEFs) obtained by tympanocentesis from 57 children with acute otitis media (AOM). Preparations of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from 14 pairs of NTHi strains recovered from NEs and MEFs from 10 children with unilateral AOM and four with bilateral AOM were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The NTHi subtypes were determined by comparing the OMP profiles of the isolated strains with those of eight reference NTHi subtypes. Of the 14 pairs, 10 (71%) were identical, and one (8%) was different; three strains isolated from NEs (21%) did not correspond to any of the reference subtypes (nonsubtypable). Subtypes 4, 6, 5, 3, and 8 were isolated in the present study, thereby showing that their distribution is similar to that of subtypes isolated from children with AOM in the United States and suggesting that common otogenic strains are widely distributed in North America.