gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive hands‐on training for influenza vaccine manufacturing: A WHO–BARDA–BTEC partnership for global workforce development (2014)

The critical need for enhancing influenza pandemic preparedness in many developing nations has led the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to develop an international influenza vaccine capacity-building program. Among the critical limitations faced by many of these nations is lack of access to training programs for staff supporting operations within vaccine production facilities. With support from BARDA, the Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) at North Carolina State University has addressed this need for training by developing and delivering a comprehensive training program, consisting of three courses: Fundamentals of cGMP Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, Advanced Upstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, and Advanced Downstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing. The courses cover process design, transfer, and execution at manufacturing scale, quality systems, and regulations covering both manufacturing and approval of pandemic vaccines. The Fundamentals course focuses on the concepts, equipment, applicable regulations, and procedures commonly used to produce influenza vaccine. The two Advanced courses focus on process design, scale up, validation, and new technologies likely to improve efficiency of vaccine production. All three courses rely on a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on training in BTEC's various laboratories. Each course stands alone, and participants may take one or more of the three courses. Overall participant satisfaction with the courses has been high, and follow-up surveys show that participants actively transferred the knowledge they gained to the workplace. Future plans call for BTEC to continue offering the three courses and to create an online version of several modules of the Fundamentals course.
Deadline-Aware Scheduling and Routing for Inter-Datacenter Multicast Transfers (2018)

Many applications like geo-replication need to deliver multiple copies of data from a single datacenter to multiple datacenters, which has benefits of improving fault tolerance, increasing availability and achieving high service quality. These applications usually require completing multicast transfers before certain deadlines. Some of the existing works only consider unicast transfers, which is not appropriate for the multicast transmission type. An alternative approach proposed by existing works was to find a minimum weight Steiner tree for each transfer. Instead of using only one tree for each transfer, we propose to use one or multiple trees, which increases the flexibility of routing, improves the utilization of available bandwidth, and increases the throughput for each transfer. In this paper, we focus on the multicast transmission type, propose an efficient and effective solution that maximizes throughput for all transfer requests while meeting deadlines. We also show that our solution can reduce packet reordering by selecting very few Steiner trees for each transfer. We have implemented our solution on a software-defined overlay network at the application layer, and our real-world experiments on the Google Cloud Platform have shown that our system effectively improves the network throughput performance and has a lower traffic rejection rate compared to existing related works.
Das Tubenkarzinom – eine österreichische Multicenterstudie (1992)

EisenstadtDas primäre Tubenkarzinom
An interactive 3D visualization and manipulation tool for effective assessment of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis using computed tomographic angiography (2005)

This paper presents IVM, an Interactive Vessel Manipulation tool that can help make effective and efficient assessment of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in computed tomographic angiography (CTA) studies. IVM consists of three fundamental components: (1) a visualization component, (2) a tracing component, and (3) a measurement component. Given a user-specified threshold, IVM can create a 3D surface visualization based on it. Since vessels are thin and tubular structures, using standard isosurface extraction techniques usually cannot yield satisfactory reconstructions. Instead, IVM directly renders the surface of a derived binary 3D image. The image volumes collected in CTA studies often have a relatively high resolution. Thus, compared with more complicated vessel extraction and visualization techniques, rendering the binary image surface has the advantages of being effective, simple and fast. IVM employs a semi-automatic approach to determine the threshold: a user can adjust the threshold by checking the corresponding 3D surface reconstruction and make the choice. Typical tracing software often defines ROIs on 3D image volumes using three orthogonal views. The tracing component in IVM takes one step further: it can perform tracing not only on image slices but also in a 3D view. We observe that directly operating on a 3D view can help a tracer identify ROIs more easily. After setting a threshold and tracing an ROI, a user can use IVM's measurement component to estimate the volume and other parameters of vessels in the ROI. The effectiveness of the IVM tool is demonstrated on rat vessel/bone images collected in a previous CTA study.
A performance study of distributed architectures for the quality of Web services (2001)

The second generation of Web sites provides more complex services than those related to Web publishing. Many users already rely on the Web for up-to-date personal and business information and transactions. This success motivates the need to design and implement Web architectures being able to guarantee the service level agreement that will rule the relationship between users and Web service providers. As many components of the Web infrastructure are beyond the control of Web system administrators, they should augment satisfaction percentage of the assessed service levels by relying on two mechanisms that can be integrated: differentiated classes of services/users, Web systems with multi-node architectures. The focus of this paper is on this latter approach. We review systems where replicated Web services are provided by locally and geographically distributed Web architectures. We consider different categories of Web applications, and evaluate how static, dynamic and secure requests affect performance and quality of service of distributed Web sites.
Small-Dose Bupivacaine-Sufentanil Prevents Cardiac Output Modifications After Spinal Anesthesia (2005)

Spinal injection of small-dose (SD) bupivacaine decreases the likelihood of hypotension compared with large-dose (LD) bupivacaine. We assumed that a SD of bupivacaine could also prevent the decrease in cardiac output (CO). Patients undergoing elective urologic, lower abdominal, or lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia were included in this prospective randomized study. Spinal injection consisted of 5 mug of sufentanil and either SD (7.5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine with glucosemonohydrate 80 mg/mL; n = 19 patients) or LD (12.5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine with glucosemonohydrate 80 mg/mL; n = 19 patients). CO (impedance cardiography), arterial blood pressure, and heart rate) were measured at 1 min before performance of spinal block and 2, 10, and 30 min after the intrathecal injection. Sensory level was also assessed at 30 min. CO was higher in the SD group as compared with the LD group from 2 min to 30 min after spinal anesthesia. Moreover, CO increased at 2 min in the SD group and decreased at 10 and 30 min in the LD group compared with baseline value. In conclusion, SD bupivacaine provides successful anesthesia and gives better CO stability than LD.
High-Speed Floating-Ring Bearing Test and Analysis (1984)

Testing of small high-speed floating-ring bearings, typical of those used in automotive turbochargers, revealed a discrepancy between ring speed measurements and ring speed prediction using isothermal bearing analysis. As bearing stability, energy loss, and load capacity are dependent on ring speed, an experimental program was undertaken to determine the effects of various bearing parameters on ring speed. The program results show that none of the 16 bearing parameters investigated increased the bearing ring speeds to those values predicted by the isothermal bearing analysis. In parallel with the experimental program, a thermal analysis was developed in which the effects of lubricant and bearing temperature on the ring speed of a floating-ring bearing way investigated. The ring speed predictions from this thermal floating-ring bearing model agree with the measured values except at the lowest and highest speeds tested. Therefore, for the type of floating-ring bearing design described in this paper, it is concluded that thermal heating can contribute significantly to ring-speed reduction.
Non-Chromate, ZVOC Coatings for Steel Substrates on Army and Navy Aircraft and Ground Vehicles (2014)

Abstract : The objective of this demonstration is to determine the viability of non-chromate pretreatments for High Hard Armor (HHA) steel in order to improve the long term corrosion resistance of the low-volatile organic compound (VOC) chemical agent resistant coating (CARC) system to reduce lifecycle costs for these weapon systems. Stryker and Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Armored Vehicle (MRAP) contracts are prohibited from using hex-chrome and have been coated without any corrosion inhibitive pretreatment or conversion coating. The products demonstrated satisfy the hexavalent chrome prohibition for both vehicles while minimizing environmental impact. These technologies are spray-applied pretreatments meant to be used on properly prepared steel substrates. These technologies include trivalent chromium (SurTec 650) and two non-chromium pretreatments (Chemetall Oxsilan 9810/2, and Pittsburgh Plate Glass Industries [PPG] Zircobond 4200). Trivalent chrome pretreatments have been used successfully on aluminum substrates for many years. Oxsilan 9810/2 is a phosphorus free liquid, silane-based product that is intended to enhance the performance of organic coatings. As the film dries, neighboring hydroxyl groups react with each other to form a dense, interpenetrating, crosslinked network that is chemically bound to the metal surface. Zircobond 4200 is a zirconate based pretreatment developed as a replacement for zinc phosphate. All of these pretreatments are commercially available.
Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization activated by extracellular ATP in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (1985)

Addition of 0.4-25 microM extracellular ATP results in transient, dose-dependent increases in cytosolic free calcium measured in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In cells incubated with 1 mM extracellular Ca2+, ATP induces a triphasic Ca2+ transient: an initial rapid increase (2-3 s), a second, slower phase of increase (60-90 s), and, finally, a gradual return to near resting [Ca2+]i (4-5 min). Several findings demonstrate that the initial, rapid phase of Ca2+ transient results from a mobilization of Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial intracellular store, while the second, slow phase of increase is produced by enhanced influx of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. Successive additions of extracellular ATP can elicit repetitive Ca2+ transients if the initially added ATP is removed either through the action of native ecto-ATPase activity or exogenous hexokinase. Other adenine nucleotides, including non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs, neither alter cytosolic [Ca2+] nor antagonize the ATP-induced effects. Conversely, other nucleotide triphosphates (ITP, UTP, and GTP) induce Ca2+ transients which are identical to those produced by ATP. A variety of experimental results indicate that these actions of ATP and other nucleotide triphosphates are not due to a generalized increase in plasma membrane permeability. The results suggest that, in these transformed cells, ATP may act in a manner similar to other Ca2+ mobilizing hormones and growth factors.
Quantifying transport within a porous medium over a hierarchy of length scales (2006)

Magnetic resonance techniques are used to probe transport within a porous medium over length scales of microns to centimeters. In particular, the apparent discrepancy between estimates of dispersion within porous media determined by pulsed field gradient magnetic resonance techniques and a conventional elution analysis is addressed. The model porous medium considered is a packed bed of height and internal diameter 22.5 and 16.8mm, respectively, packed with highly porous cross-linked dextran particles approximately 50μm in diameter. Experiments were performed for Peclet numbers in the range 1&amp;lt;Pe&amp;lt;31. First, a nonspatially resolved displacement encoding Alternating Pulsed Field Gradient Stimulated Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (APGSTE NMR) measurement was used to yield estimates of bed porosity (0.898±0.004), mobile phase volume fraction (0.29±0.02), intraparticle diffusion coefficient [(2.8±0.2)×10−10m2s−1], and characteristic time, Te, for exchange between the intra- and interparticle pore space (∼300ms). The value of porosity was in excellent agreement with that obtained by elution analysis. However, values of the axial dispersion coefficient obtained using the two approaches did not agree well. For example, at Pe=1.1, the dispersion coefficients measured by APGTSE NMR and elution analysis were (1.6±0.1)×10−9m2s−1 and (1.8±0.2)×10−8m2s−1, respectively. These results suggest that whilst the micro-/mesolength scale properties of the porous medium are well characterized using the APGSTE NMR measurement, the technique is unable to probe the millimeter length scales in the bed over which heterogeneities in the flow may exist and therefore contribute significantly to the macroscopic dispersion characteristic of the bed, as determined by elution analysis. This is confirmed by demonstrating that the contribution of mechanical mixing to dispersion within the porous medium extends to the longest time scales studied (&amp;gt;6Te). To identify the dominant influences on the macroscopic dispersion characteristics of the porous medium, magnetic resonance flow velocity images within the packed bed were acquired. Numerical reconstructions of the residence time distribution of the fluid within the bed using these data yielded a value of the dispersion coefficient of (0.8±0.4)×10−8m2s−1, in far better agreement with the elution analysis, thereby demonstrating that it is the millimeter-scale heterogeneity in the flow field within the bed that is the dominant contribution to the macroscopic dispersion. Extension of the model to incorporate the effect of maldistribution of the input pulse further improves agreement with the elution analysis.
Enhanced queue status reporting scheme on PON (2007)

Feature Issue on Passive Optical Network Architectures and TechnologiesIn the passive optical network (PON) system, the optical line terminal (OLT) assigns bandwidth to each optical network unit (ONU) in accordance with the traffic condition at an ONU. The OLT needs to predict the remote ONU's required bandwidth. We give consideration about the error margin in the bandwidth prediction, and point out a problem in the future high-bit-rate PON and propose an enhanced queue status reporting method.
DO PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS AT RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY WITH FURTHER NEGATIVE RESECTED TISSUE BEHAVE LIKE PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE MARGINS? (2009)

To study the prognostic value of clinical and biological features of rectal cancer and potential gender differences in patients’ overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) after short-course preoperative radiotherapy (SCRT) with short or long interval between RT and surgery (break).The length of the interval between RT and surgery in SCRT is debatable and gender-related differences in patients survival are not established yet.126 patients received SCRT with 5 Gy dose per fraction during 5 days, followed by radical surgery after short break ≤17 days, and a long break >17 days. Pretreatment tumor proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, BrdUrdLI and S-phase fraction) was evaluated by flow cytometry and proteins: CD34, Ki-67, GLUT-1, Ku70, BCL-2, P53 expression was studied immunohistochemically.The studied group included 84 men and 42 women. There were 33, 76, and 17 cTNM (AJCC) tumor stages I, II, III, respectively. The median follow-up time was 53.3 months (range 2–142 months). For the whole group Cox multivariate analysis revealed that tumor grade (G > 1), interval between RT and surgery >17 days, pTNM stage >1 and P53 positivity + BrdUrdLI > 7.9% were negative prognostic factors for OS. Tumor aneuploidy and MVD > 140.8 vessels/mm2 were important for RFS. pTNM stage > 1 and P53 positivity combined with BrdUrdLI > 7.9% were risk predictors for MFS. Based on tumor biological features, gender-related difference in OS, RFS, and MFS were observed. In multivariate analysis, male patients age > 62 years and break >17 days only appeared to be significant for OS.In male rectal patients treated with SCRT, breaks between RT and surgery >17 days should be avoided because they negatively influence patients’ survival.
Combination treatment with ibandronate and eldecalcitol prevents osteoporotic bone loss and deterioration of bone quality characterized by nano-arrangement of the collagen/apatite in an ovariectomized aged rat model (2022)

Combination therapy with bisphosphonates and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> analogs has been frequently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, its effects on bone anisotropies, such as orientations of collagen and apatite at the nanometer-scale, which is a promising bone quality index, and its trabecular architecture at the micrometer scale, are not well understood despite its important mechanical properties and its role in fracture risk. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of ibandronate (IBN), eldecalcitol (ELD), and their combination on the collagen/apatite orientation and trabecular architectural anisotropy using an estrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporotic rat model. Estrogen deficiency caused by ovariectomy (OVX) excessively increased the degree of collagen/apatite orientation or trabecular architectural anisotropy along the craniocaudal axis in the lumbar vertebra compared to that of the sham-operated group. The craniocaudal axis corresponds to the direction of principal stress in the spine. The excessive material anisotropy in the craniocaudal axis contributed to the enhanced Young's modulus, which may compensate for the reduced mechanical resistance by bone loss to some extent. The solo administration of IBN and ELD prevented the reduction of bone fraction (BV/TV) determined by μ-CT, and combination therapy showed the highest efficacy in BV/TV gain. Furthermore, the solo administration and combination treatment significantly decreased the degree of collagen/apatite orientation to the sham level. Based on the results of bone mass and collagen/apatite orientation, combination treatment is an effective strategy. This is the first report to demonstrate the efficacy of IBN, ELD, and combination treatment with IBN and ELD relative to the bone micro-architectural anisotropy characterized by collagen/apatite orientation.
Edge Camera based Real-time Traffic Hazard Detection and Information Provision System (2021)

현재 C-ITS 서비스는 레이다 혹 카메라 기반으로 돌발상황을 검지하고 도로위험 정보를 운전자에게 제공한다. 레이다기반의 돌발상황검지기는 가격이 비싸고 교통 이상 상황을 확인하기 위해서는 별도의 카메라가 필요하다. 또한, 레이다는 차량과 보행자 검출이 가능하나 그 외 오토바이, 자전거, 낙하물과 같은 객체는 검출이 어렵다. 기존 C-ITS 시스템에서 카메라기반의 돌방상황검지의 경우, C-ITS 센터의 영상분석 서버에서 돌발상황을 검지하고 위험정보를 운전자에게 제공하기 때문에 실시간 서비스를 제공하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 엣지카메라기반 실시간 도로위험인식 및 정보제공시스템을 제안한다. 엣지카메라는 로컬에서 영상처리를 통해 객체를 인식하고 위험상황을 판단하여 RSU를 통해 운전자에게 위험정보를 제공한다. 제안 시스템은 실시간 처리를 위해 경량 딥러닝 네트워크를 사용하고, 정확도 향상을 위해 지역최적화를 수행한다. 그리고 기존 C-ITS 응용 표준 프로토콜을 수정 없이 사용할 수 있도록 엣지카메라와 RSU의 통신 인터페이스를 설계하였다. 실험을 통해 교통객체를 정확하게 인식하고 100ms 이내에 실시간으로 도로위험상황을 운전자에게 정보를 제공함을 확인할 수 있다.
Penile prolapse and urethral obstruction secondary to lymphosarcoma of the penis in a dog (2001)

A 5-year-old Chihuahua presented for clinical signs of dysuria and penile prolapse. Radiographic studies identified a urethral obstruction distal to the junction of the proximal and middle third of the os penis that appeared to be secondary to swelling of the penis. Penile resection combined with a scrotal urethrostomy was performed. Histopathological examinations of tissue samples of the body of the penis revealed lymphosarcoma. Lymphosarcoma of the penis is a rare finding in all species. It can occur as a primary tumor of the penis in dogs. Penile lymphosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs affected with penile prolapse and dysuria.
Intelligent technology for distributed design and monitoring of information system (2002)

The paper suggests a model of an intelligent technological environment for distributed design and monitoring of applied data processing systems. The methodology allows the use of the same environment on every stage of the software life-cycle (development, use, monitoring, improvement). The intelligent component of the given system is based on using intelligent agents (self-sufficient intelligent software objects). It provides the base elements of self-determination. The software development process becomes an interactive dialog between user and intelligent environment.
Antiplatelet Therapies: Drug Interactions in the Management of Vascular Disorders (2010)

Antiplatelet drugs represent a key class of drugs that are of proven value in arterial thromboembolic disorders. There is a need for effective, safe antiplatelet agents or their combinations to provide predictable therapeutic benefit, dosage flexibility, and unique pharmacologic profiles, such as rapid onset in acute thrombotic states, as well as sustained antiplatelet effects in chronic platelet-activating states (e.g., post-stent placement). Aspirin, clopidogrel, or their combination have shown improved clinical outcomes in certain unique settings, and the search for additional antiplatelet agents is ongoing. Current studies suggest that combination antiplatelet therapy with existing agents is best considered a use-adapted strategy, with the greatest clinical benefit of combination therapy realized in acute, platelet-activating, and prothrombotic states.
Structural characterization of organic molecules by negative ions in laser microprobe mass spectrometry. Part 2—Salts (1989)

Abstract Laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) has been applied systematically to a variety of organic polyfunctional molecules, covering a wide range of structures and polarities. The microprobe generally offers a combination of desorption under relatively mild conditions with abundant fragmentation. We attempted an empirical approach by tentative hypotheses about desorption and ionization in LMMS to consistently rationalize the detected fragments. The complementary nature of structural data, carried by positive and negative ions, is characteristic for LMMS results of non‐ionic compounds. The analysis of salts represents, traditionally, an ultimate test case for soft methods in organic mass spectrometry. Hence, by a selected series of compounds, we have tried to assess to which extent the presence of preformed ions becomes an asset for LMMS analysis and affects the amount, the accessibility or the distribution of organic information between positive and negative fragments.
Crystal Morphology, Biosynthesis, and Physical Assembly of Cellulose, Chitin, and Chitosan (1997)

Abstract Cellulose and its chemical analogs chitin and chitosan are abundant and technologically important fibrous polysaccharides. Cellulose and chitin are, respectively, the first [1] and second [2] most abundant natural polysaccharides. Chitosan, though less prevalent in nature, is a useful and easily accessible derivative of chitin. All three polymers are biodegradable, renewable resources with versatile chemical and physical properties. As such, they are the subject of active scientific and commercial scrutiny.