gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a MEMS Comb Drive Actuator (2016)

Comb drives are common in many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications such as gyroscopes, accelerometers and resonators in different fields such as optical communication, wireless communication, and biomedical engineering. A comb drive actuator uses electrostatic forces between the combs to create capacitive actuation. The goal of these devices was to achieve a maximum displacement of the movable combs with the lowest amount of drive voltage. Comb drive actuators were designed and then fabricated. It was found that comb fingers were not defined properly as the fingers were either too skinny or have been completely destroyed. This was due to the STS etcher being down in the SMFL and using the Drytek Quad for the mechanical poly etch.
D'une ville à l'autre (2019)

La comparaison internationale en sociologie urbaine. Date de parution : 2019 Editeur : La Decouverte Nombre de pages : 269 p Sous la direction de : Jean Yves Authier, Vincent Baggioni, Bruno Cousin, Yankel Fijalkow, Lydie Launay
Spectral tuning of plasmon-enhanced silicon quantum dot luminescence (2006)

In the presence of nanoscale silver island arrays, silicon quantum dots exhibit up to sevenfold luminescence enhancements at emission frequencies that correspond to the collective dipole plasmon resonance frequency of the Ag island array. Using electron-beam lithography to alter the pitch and particle diameter, this wavelength-selective enhancement can be varied as the metal array resonance wavelength is tuned from 600to900nm. The luminescence intensity enhancement upon coupling is attributed to an increase in the radiative decay rate of the silicon quantum dots.
Left Atrial Mechanical Responses to Right Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients: Implications for Atrial Fibrillation (2011)

In patients with LV dysfunction, RVP acutely impaired LA emptying, and increased minimal volume, most prominently when atrial contraction was impeded (VVI, DDD-SAVd) but also when completed (DDD-LAVd), indicating impaired diastolic recoil as an important mechanism. When LV function was normal, similar changes were present when atrial filling is impeded (VVI, SAVd), but not when completed (LAVd).
Integrin-KCNB1 potassium channel complexes regulate neocortical neuronal development and are implicated in epilepsy (2022)

Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) channels are robustly expressed during prenatal brain development, including in progenitor cells and migrating neurons, but their function is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1) in neocortical development. Neuronal migration of glutamatergic neurons was impaired in the neocortices of KCNB1 null mice. Migratory defects persisted into the adult brains, along with disrupted morphology and synaptic connectivity. Mice developed seizure phenotype, anxiety, and compulsive behavior. To determine whether defective KCNB1 can give rise to developmental channelopathy, we constructed Knock In (KI) mice, harboring the gene variant Kcnb1<sup>R312H</sup> (R312H mice) found in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). The R312H mice exhibited a similar phenotype to the null mice. Wild type (WT) and R312H KCNB1 channels made complexes with integrins α5β5 (Integrin_K<sup>+</sup> channel_Complexes, IKCs), whose biochemical signaling was impaired in R312H brains. Treatment with Angiotensin II in vitro, an agonist of Focal Adhesion kinase, a key component of IKC signaling machinery, corrected the neuronal abnormalities. Thus, a genetic mutation in a K<sup>+</sup> channel induces severe neuromorphological abnormalities through non-conducting mechanisms, that can be rescued by pharmacological intervention. This underscores a previously unknown role of IKCs as key players in neuronal development, and implicate developmental channelopathies in the etiology of DEEs.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ELLIPTICINE (1982)

Abstract Ausgehend von Indol wird über die Sulfonyl‐Verbindung (Ia) auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg das Antitumor‐Alkaloid Ellipticin (VI) in einer Gesamtausbeute von 54 % hergestellt.
Effects of Sweet Cherry Polyphenols on Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis Associated With Childhood Obesity (2019)

Childhood obesity is associated with the development of severe comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures. The status of low-grade inflammation associated to obesity can be reversed through an enhanced physical activity and by consumption of food enrich of anti-inflammatory compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to deepen the mechanisms of bone impairment in obese children and adolescents through the evaluation of the osteoclastogenic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the assessment of the serum levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> effects of polyphenol cherry extracts on osteoclastogenesis, as possible dietary treatment to improve bone health in obese subjects. High RANKL levels were measured in obese with respect to controls (115.48 ± 35.20 pg/ml vs. 87.18 ± 17.82 pg/ml; <i>p</i> < 0.01), while OPG levels were significantly reduced in obese than controls (378.02 ± 61.15 pg/ml vs. 436.75 ± 95.53 pg/ml, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Lower Ad-SoS- and BTT <i>Z</i>-scores were measured in obese compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant elevated number of multinucleated TRAP<sup>+</sup> osteoclasts (OCs) were observed in the un-stimulated cultures of obese subjects compared to the controls. Interestingly, obese subjects displayed a higher percentage of CD14<sup>+</sup>/CD16<sup>+</sup> than controls. Furthermore, in the mRNA extracts of obese subjects we detected a 2.5- and 2-fold increase of TNFα and RANKL transcripts compared to controls, respectively. Each extract of sweet cherries determined a dose-dependent reduction in the formation of multinucleated TRAP<sup>+</sup> OCs. Consistently, 24 h treatment of obese PBMCs with sweet cherry extracts from the three cultivars resulted in a significant reduction of the expression of TNFα. In conclusion, the bone impairment in obese children and adolescents is sustained by a spontaneous osteoclastogenesis that can be inhibited <i>in vitro</i> by the polyphenol content of sweet cherries. Thus, our study opens future perspectives for the use of sweet cherry extracts, appropriately formulated as nutraceutical food, as preventive in healthy children and therapeutic in obese ones.
Characterization of dFOXO binding sites upstream of the Insulin Receptor P2 promoter across the Drosophila phylogeny (2017)

The insulin/TOR signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in determining such important traits as body and organ size, metabolic homeostasis and life span. Although this pathway is highly conserved across the animal kingdom, the affected traits can exhibit important differences even between closely related species. Evolutionary studies of regulatory regions require the reliable identification of transcription factor binding sites. Here we have focused on the Insulin Receptor (InR) expression from its P2 promoter in the Drosophila genus, which in D. melanogaster is up-regulated by hypophosphorylated Drosophila FOXO (dFOXO). We have finely characterized this transcription factor binding sites in vitro along the 1.3 kb region upstream of the InR P2 promoter in five Drosophila species. Moreover, we have tested the effect of mutations in the characterized dFOXO sites of D. melanogaster in transgenic flies. The number of experimentally established binding sites varies across the 1.3 kb region of any particular species, and their distribution also differs among species. In D. melanogaster, InR expression from P2 is differentially affected by dFOXO binding sites at the proximal and distal halves of the species 1.3 kb fragment. The observed uneven distribution of binding sites across this fragment might underlie their differential contribution to regulate InR transcription.
Swept source digital holographic phase microscopy (2016)

We propose a swept source-based digital holographic phase microscopy technique. By scanning source wavelength, a series of on-axis interferograms can be obtained for accurate determination of the sample phase using spectral domain interferometry. With these sample spectra, sources of undesirable interference artifacts, often significant in holographic systems, can be identified and avoided by placing the sample signal at a spectral frequency with a clean background. Pathlength sensitivity better than 0.3 nm can, thus, be achieved. The quantitative pathlength image of live sperm cells is obtained with clear identification of morphological features. In addition, the availability of sample spectrum also permits the retrieval of its spectroscopic information. The wavelength-dependent refractive indices of indocyanine green solution are obtained to demonstrate this capability.
On Using Programmable Delay Tuning Elements To Improve Performance, Reliability, and Testing of Digital ICs (2012)

The number of speed-limiting paths in modern digital integrated circuits (ICs) is in the range of millions. Due to un-modelled electrical effects and process variations in advanced fabrication technologies, it is difficult for pre-silicon timing analysis tools to provide accurate delay estimates. Hence, programmable delay elements are commonly inserted in high-performance circuits in order to provide a tuning mechanism at the post-silicon phase. Due to the large number of such tuning elements, finding the appropriate configuration bits for each element mandates an automated approach. In this thesis we present three contributions to the field of digital IC design automation that leverage the presence of programmable delay tuning elements. These new automated approaches are geared toward three distinct objectives. The first one is to maximize the circuit performance using a scalable algorithmic framework. The second objective is to combat the lifetime performance degradation caused by circuit aging. The final objective is to improve the timing of the scan enable signal during the at-speed testing of digital ICs. As the programmable delay tuning elements will become prevalent in the future generations of digital ICs, the contributions from this thesis will help improve the design methodologies that are expected to evolve in order to address at runtime the timing problems introduced by the increased fabrication process variability.
A Critical Comparison of Two Kinds of Adaptive Classification Networks (1965)

Abstract : This report compares the capabilities and equipment requirements of two kinds of adaptive classification networks--the 'Learning Matric,' and the Madaline. The Learning Matrix and the Madaline are structurally quite similar, forming arrays of binary output signals from linear combinations of binary or analog input signals. Both systems can learn (adjust their own parameters) from sets of patterns (with corresponding desired outputs) presented to them, and they can thereafter successfully classify additional patterns as presented. The two systems differ primarily in their training methods and in their output logic. Both the Learning Matrix and the Madaline can be realized either by the use of adaptive hardware or by digital-computer simulation. The comparison indicates that in most cases the Learning Matrix will require fewer adaptation cycles than will the Madaline when applied to a given problem; on the other hand, the Madaline will usually require less equipment than the Learning Matrix. However, in making a choice of techniques for a given situation, the overriding consideration will usually be the question of optimality. (Author)
Resilient Moduli of Treated Clays from Repeated Load Triaxial Test (2003)

Three chemical stabilization methods—sulfate resistant cement (Type V), low-calcium fly-ash (Class F) mixed with sulfate resistant cement (Type V), and ground granulated blast furnace slag—were used in a series of repeated load triaxial tests on clayey soil to assess the effectiveness of these three stabilizers in enhancing resilient modulus ( M R ) properties of the soil. M R results were measured from repeated load triaxial tests conducted on both control and treated soils at optimum moisture content levels. Test results were analyzed to understand the potentials of each stabilizer on M R response of the soils and to study the effects of confining and deviatoric stresses on resilient response of the treated soils. Mechanisms for M R enhancements in treated soils were developed, and a series of flexible pavement design exercises was conducted to evaluate the impact of each stabilizer on the design thickness of the asphalt surface layer of pavements.
Homospermidine Lipids: A Compound Class Specifically Formed during Fruiting Body Formation of Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 (2017)

The fascinating ability of myxobacteria to form multicellular spore filled fruiting bodies under starvation conditions was widely studied as a model for cooperative microbial behavior. The potential of a life cycle induced change of secondary metabolism, as a means to discover novel natural products, remains largely underexplored. We therefore studied the model organism Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 under submersed and solid cultivation conditions to find putatively life-cycle related compounds by applying statistical analysis on analytical data. Utilizing the advantageous characteristics of LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and MALDI-MSI allowed the identification of compounds unambiguously associated with myxobacterial fruiting bodies. Our screening effort resulted in the purification and structure elucidation of a novel compound, the homospermidine lipid, from cultures that had undergone the fruiting process. A combination of molecular networking and targeted LC-MS/MS in conjunction with our in-house metabolomics database subsequently revealed alternative producers of the respective compound as well as a number of compounds belonging to the same structural class. Three further members of this compound class were isolated from an alternative producer and structurally elucidated by NMR. Insights into the biosynthesis of this novel compound class was gained by feeding of isotopically labeled substrates and in silico analysis.
Lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation with a Kalman Filter based on a electrochemical model (2008)

Lithium-ion battery is the core of new plug-in hybrid-electrical vehicles (PHEV) as well as considered in many 2nd generation hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). In most cases the lithium-ion battery performance plays an important role for the energy management of these vehicles as high-rate transient power source cycling around a relatively fixed state of charge (SOC). In this paper an averaged electrochemical Lithium-ion battery model suitable for estimation is presented. The model is based on an averaged approximated relationship between (i) the Butler-Volmer current and the solid concentration at the interface with the electrolyte and (ii) the battery current and voltage. A 4th order model based extended Kalman filter (EKF) is then designed and the estimation results are tested in simulation with the non-averaged model.
Generalization evaluation of numerical observers for image quality assessment (2006)

It is now widely accepted that image quality should be evaluated by using task-based criteria, such as human-observer (HO) performance in a lesion-detection task. Because a HO study is typically costly and time consuming, development of a numerical observer (NO) surrogate is highly desirable. Recently we proposed a supervised-learning approach for modeling HO with a numerical observer, where a machine-learning algorithm is used to model the relationship between measured image features and HO scores. In this work, we further develop and evaluate this approach. We develop a NO in a lesion-detection task using a channelized support vector machine (CSVM), and compare its performance against the widely used channelized Hotelling observer (CHO). In particular we employ a cross-validation procedure to quantify the generalization ability of a NO. It allows us to evaluate how well a NO can perform when it is trained on one set of images, but tested on a different set of images. Our evaluation results demonstrate that while both CHO and CSVM can generalize well when training and test images are both reconstructed in the same way, the CSVM can generalize better when the test images are reconstructed in a different way from that of training images.
NARMA-based linearization of RF power amplifiers with non-monotonic response under dynamic hardware reconfiguration (2013)

This paper presents a signal processing block intended for a NARMA-based linearization of an RF power amplifier that exhibits a non-monotonic voltage response. This type of response may be obtained when applying a dynamic hardware reconfiguration of the amplifier for power efficiency improvement, through the activation or deactivation of sections in the RF transistor arrays or the electronic tuning of the bias circuits and the impedance matching circuits, as a function of the instantaneous envelope power of the modulated RF signal. A reconfigurable power amplifier design is described as an example of conditions that introduce a non-monotonic voltage response. The need, in that case, to introduce a new function inversion process for NARMA-based predistortion, is highlighted and explained. The proposed inversion process is described mathematically and validated through a power amplifier linearization example.
Rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method (2009)

The hybridization results indicated that the improved RDB assay developed was a reliable method for the detection of intestinal pathogen in fecal samples.
Characterization of biofilms on corroded concrete surfaces in drinking water reservoirs (1995)

The surface of concrete in drinking water reservoirs is frequently covered with a mineral coating. Since the beginning of the 1980's, there has been an increasing number of reports of brown spots within which the coating matrix was weakened. The diameter of the spots ranged from a few millimetres up to 10-20 centimetres. Cleaning measures resulted in removal of the spot material revealing that shallow pits had formed in the coating. The deeper underlying concrete body was usually unaffected. Although the removed material was shown to contain a substantial microbial biomass, there was no indication of an elevated microbial contamination in the actual drinking water as detectable by the German standard drinking water testing method. The microbial biomass from the damaged sites of six reservoirs was quantified using ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Population densities were shown to range between 5 × 107 and 5 × 108 cells g−1 in samples collected from non-chlorinated reservoirs and 106 cells g−1 in samples from a chlorinated one (assuming 0.5 fM PLFA equivalent per cell). The recovery of PLFA indicated that physiologically active populations were present in all of the spots sampled and an analysis of the PLFA proriles revealed that the microbial community contained a large percentage of gram negative aerobic heterotrophs. Differences were found between the PLFA patterns of samples from different reservoirs. The fact that a consistent PLFA profile was not recovered from each spot sampled indicates the absence of a single dominant organism. Methyl cellulose (MC) was identified as a possible nutrient source based on the successful growth of bacterial strains isolated from the damaged areas on hydrolyzed coating material. How MC may becomes bioavailable in the reservoirs remains still unclear.
Induction of Stress Induced Premature Senescence by Sirtuin-7 Inhibition: A Novel Mechanism for Multi Drug Resistance (2013)

Stress-Induced Premature Senescence (SIPS), a senescence-like state achieved as a result of a variety of stresses, is associated with relative inability to undergo apoptosis. Sirtuins are a family of histone deacetylases known primarily for their implication in the aging process; however their role in cancer, an aging associated disease, is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether alterations in sirtuins expression may be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. We have compared expression profiles of sirtuins between drug sensitive and resistant cancer cells MCF7, SaOS-2, A2780 and HL-60. Expression levels of Sirtuin 1-6 varied among cell lines; however Sirtuin-7 was significantly reduced in all chemoresistant cells tested. Knockdown of Sirt7 expression in human breast MCF7 cell line by RNAi induced senescence-associated -galactosidase activity, reduced cell proliferation rate, induced drug resistance and increased cell migration, suggesting that this gene may play an active role in regulating cancer cell response to stress. Thus, Sirt7 may represent a compelling target for anti-cancer interventions.
Kinematic batch calibration for legged robots (2013)

This paper introduces a novel batch optimization based calibration framework for legged robots. Given a non-degenerate calibration dataset and considering the stochastic models of the sensors, the task is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem. In order to facilitate the derivation of consistent measurement equations, the trajectory of the robot and other auxiliary variables are included into the optimization problem. This formulation can be transformed into a nonlinear least squares problem which can be readily solved. Applied to our legged robot StarIETH, the framework estimates kinematic parameters (segment lengths, body dimensions, angular offsets), accelerometer and gyroscope biases, as well as full inter-sensor calibrations. The generic structure easily allows the inclusion of additional sensor modalities. Based on datasets obtained on the real robot the consistency and performance of the presented approach are successfully evaluated.
Bis(trifluoromethyl)methylene Addition to Vinyl-Terminated SAMs: A Gas-Phase C–C Bond-Forming Reaction on a Surface (2014)

Vinyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon oxide substrates were chemically modified by the addition of a bis(trifluoromethyl)methylene group in a rare gas-phase C-C bond-forming reaction to directly generate films carrying terminal CF3 groups. The vinyl-terminated films were treated with hexafluoroacetone azine (HFAA) for modification. The films were characterized with ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this study, we find that for optimized conditions clean reactions occur on a surface between SAMs with terminal olefins and HFAA, and the product is consistent with bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanation formation after nitrogen extrusion.