gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐I and ‐II genes in rat medullary thyroid carcinoma (1987)

Several types of cancer cells produce polypeptide growth factors and often the same cells have functional receptors for the released growth factor (autocrine secretion). We have studied expression of genes encoding somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-I (Sm-C/IGF-I) and IGF-II, in rat medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) in different stages of tumour differentiation. RNAs hybridizing specifically to an IGF-I cDNA probe were detected in 6 out of 7 differentiated MTCs and IGF-II related RNAs were demonstrated in 5 out of these 7 differentiated MTCs. In 5 anaplastic MTCs no IGF RNAs were detected, except for a small amount of IGF-II related RNA in one tumour.
Mechanism of Sindbis Virus-Induced Intrinsic Interference with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication (1974)

Heterologous viral interference is induced by Sindbis virus against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in a manner analogous to intrinsic interference with Newcastle disease virus replication. Interference in both systems (i) depends upon early expression of the inducing virus genome, (ii) shows similar kinetics of induction, (iii) does not involve interferon action, and (iv) appears to be manifest as an all-or-none effect. VSV can be added to the list of viruses blocked by intrinsic interference. Sindbis virus-induced intrinsic interference with VSV replication is not mediated through homotypic interference by defective interfering particles; rather, T-particle and B-particle synthesis is inhibited. Significantly, intrinsic interference has no effect on primary transcription directed by the virion-associated transcriptase in VSV-challenged cells. However, Sindbis virus appears to induce interference with the VSV-RNA synthesized subsequent to primary transcription, namely, that which is dependent on protein synthesis. Thus, the target of intrinsic interference appears to be a reaction subsequent to primary transcription but prior to the appearance of protein synthesis-dependent VSV RNA, secondary transcription.
Grapevine Red Blotch Disease Affects Carbohydrate Homeostasis and Cell Call Characteristics in Vitis Vinifera L. (2021)

Abstract Background Grapevines are commonly infected with one or more viruses causing a significant threat to the sustainability of quality wine grape production worldwide. The recently identified Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) significantly affects the yield and quality of wine grapes. It is largely unknown how the red blotch disease affects carbohydrate homeostasis and regulate the source-to-sink relationship in grapevines. We took an integrative approach to determine the consequences of viral infection in commercially grown, two popular wine grape cultivars from distinct locations in the eastern Washington. Results The deep sequencing approach revealed that Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) was found in all symptomatic vines, while asymptomatic vines were free of this virus. Analysis of mature berries at commercial harvest in virus-infected vines indicated significant changes in the soluble sugar accumulation along with the increase in leaf sucrose and starch content. To follow up with the altered carbohydrate homeostasis, we analyzed cell wall components in winter canes of virus-infected vines and compared them to their virus-free counterparts. Major cell wall monosaccharide contents and total lignin content was not affected due to red blotch disease in either cultivar. However, high-resolution glycome profiling revealed consistent changes in loosely bound cell wall pectin matrices and tightly bound non-fucosylated xyloglucans in virus-infected vines. Furthermore, in cv. Syrah, co-infection with other viruses leads to additional cell wall compositional variations. Conclusions These changes highlighted that virus infection in woody perennial leads to detrimental adjustments in the soluble and storage carbohydrates, and in the cell wall layers that could be attributed to lower vine performance or vine decline in a relatively short time. The information gained from such qualitative cell wall structural fine-tuning could be used in assessing how viruses or other pathogenic agents affect perennial longevity.
Cisplatin induced neurotoxicity is mediated by Sarm1 and calpain activation (2020)

Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy agent with significant dose-limiting neurotoxicity resulting in peripheral neuropathy. Although it is postulated that formation of DNA-platinum adducts is responsible for both its cytotoxicity in cancer cells and side effects in neurons, downstream mechanisms that lead to distal axonal degeneration are unknown. Here we show that activation of calpains is required for both neurotoxicity and formation of DNA-platinum adduct formation in neurons but not in cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that neurotoxicity of cisplatin requires activation of Sarm1, a key regulator of Wallerian degeneration, as mice lacking the Sarm1 gene do not develop peripheral neuropathy as evaluated by both behavioral or pathological measures. These findings indicate that Sarm1 and/or specific calpain inhibitors could be developed to prevent cisplatin induced peripheral neuropathy.
The relationship between brain volume loss in TBI and measures of cognition and narrative discourse (2013)

The present study of 167 individuals with TBI investigated how well total brain volume loss accounts for performance on cognitive tasks, including WM, immediate memory (IM), EF, and IQ, and on narrative discourse production measures at multiple levels (e.g., intra-sentential, inter-sentential, global) of analysis. An underlying goal of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of a brain lesion metric for outcomes in discourse production. It is hypothesized that brain volume loss will correlate significantly with the cognitive and narrative discourse measures.
The Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2001)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease of the voluntary motor system with clinical signs of both lower and upper motor-neuron compromise (Haverkamp et al., 1995). Weakness and muscle atrophy usually begin asymmetrically and distally in one limb, spread within the neuraxis to involve contiguous groups of motor neurons, and then involve more rostral motor neurons. For example, if weakness begins in the right leg it will spread to the left leg and subsequently to the right arm. If weakness begins in the right arm, it may next involve the left arm prior to involvement of speech. In 25% of patients, dysarthria and bulbar involvement are the presenting symptoms and signs. Bulbar onset is more common in older individuals and usually starts with speech dysfunction prior to swallowing compromise. The muscles of eye movement and the urinary sphincters are usually spared until very late in the disease. Respiratory involvement is usually a later feature in limb-onset patients, but occasionally it can be an early manifestation, especially in older patients with bulbar symptoms and signs.
Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4–10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain (2006)

The heptapeptide Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) is an analogue of the N-terminal fragment (4-10) of adrenocorticotropic hormone which, after intranasal application, has profound effects on learning and memory formation in rodents and humans, and also exerts marked neuroprotective effects. A clue to the molecular mechanism underlying this neurotropic action was recently given by the observation that Semax stimulates the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a potent modulator of synaptic plasticity, in astrocytes cultured from rat basal forebrain. In the present study, we investigated whether Semax affects BDNF levels in rat basal forebrain upon intranasal application of the peptide. In addition, we examined whether cell membranes isolated from this brain region contained binding sites for Semax. The binding of tritium-labelled Semax was found to be time dependent, specific and reversible. Specific Semax binding required calcium ions and was characterized by a mean+/-SEM dissociation constant (KD) of 2.4+/-1.0 nm and a BMAX value of 33.5+/-7.9 fmol/mg protein. Sandwich immunoenzymatic analysis revealed that Semax applied intranasally at 50 and 250 microg/kg bodyweight resulted in a rapid increase in BDNF levels after 3 h in the basal forebrain, but not in the cerebellum. These results point to the presence of specific binding sites for Semax in the rat basal forebrain. In addition, these findings indicate that the cognitive effects exerted by Semax might be associated, at least in part, with increased BDNF protein levels in this brain region.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Graded Materials Prepared by Field-Activated and Pressure-Assisted Combustion Synthesis (2008)

Using the processes of field-activated and pressure-assisted combustion synthesis (FAPACS), FGM materials (FGMs) were prepared under the conditions of field-assisted and the hot-press. The microstructure and the phase composition of the interface of the graded materials were investigated and the results showed that the metallurgical joining layer was formed in the interfaces of the (TiB2)pNi/Ni3Al/405 steel. The mechanical characterization of the gradient materials showed that the composition and the micro-hardness of the gradient material were gradient distributed, and its surface Rockwell hardness and wear resistance are better than that of hardened 20Cr steel.
Evidence for angiotensin mediation of the late histopathological effects of pulmonary fat embolism: Protection by losartan in a rat model (2018)

These findings show that the effects of fat embolism continue to progress to 10 weeks after the initial insult with triolein. The fact that the protective effects of losartan treatment started at 6 weeks supports the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in late as well as early stages of the histopathological changes following fat embolism. It also supports the use of angiotensin blockade in clinical situations even long after an initial trauma where fat embolism is suspected.
A semisynthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 glycoconjugate vaccine (2017)

Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic bacteria such as <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> successfully protect from disease but suffer from incomplete coverage, are troublesome to manufacture from isolated CPSs, and lack efficacy against certain serotypes. Defined, synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to isolated CPSs but require the identification of immunogenic and protective oligosaccharide antigens. We describe a medicinal chemistry strategy based on a combination of automated glycan assembly (AGA), glycan microarray-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) reverse engineering, and immunological evaluation in vivo to uncover a protective glycan epitope (glycotope) for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 8 (ST8). All four tetrasaccharide frameshifts of ST8 CPS were prepared by AGA and used in glycan microarray experiments to identify the glycotopes recognized by antibodies against ST8. One tetrasaccharide frameshift that was preferentially recognized by a protective, CPS-directed mAb was conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197. Immunization of mice with this semisynthetic glycoconjugate followed by generation and characterization of a protective mAb identified protective and nonprotective glycotopes. Immunization of rabbits with semisynthetic ST8 glycoconjugates containing protective glycotopes induced an antibacterial immune response. Coformulation of ST8 glycoconjugates with the marketed 13-valent glycoconjugate vaccine Prevnar 13 yielded a potent 14-valent <i>S. pneumoniae</i> vaccine. Our strategy presents a facile approach to develop efficient semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines.
A machine learning approach for grain crop’s seed classification in purifying separation (2017)

The paper presents a study of the machine learning ability to classify seeds of a grain crop in order to improve purification processing. The main seed features that are hard to separate with mechanical methods are resolved with the use of a machine learning approach. A special training image set was retrieved in order to check if the stated approach is reasonable to use. A set of tests is provided to show the effectiveness of the machine learning for the stated task. The ability to improve the approach with deep learning in further research is described.
Target Classifier Strategies (2016)

A target classifier receives image or signal data about a detection point. It infers the category of the object portrayed by the data. The classification decision can benefit from a host of other available information; the more information the better. ATR often involves a client–contractor relationship. The contractor is committed to providing a quality product to the customer. Yet, target classification is sometimes viewed in a naïve fashion. The customer throws data “over the fence.” The contractor is asked to classify the “targets.” Little thought is given to the breadth and scope of the problem. The usual “solution” involves showing that the contractor’s favorite classifier outperforms several alternatives. However, the true nature of the target classification problem is more complex. Ironically, choice of a classification paradigm may be the least important aspect of target classification. We will outline the issues involved in target classification. This will be followed by a review of a number of different types of classifiers.
A Review on Curcumin-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers and their Application in Modern Medicine (2022)

Herbal drugs are safe and show significantly fewer side effects than their synthetic counterparts. Curcumin (an active ingredient primarily found in turmeric) shows therapeutic properties, but its commercial use as a medication is unrealized, because of doubts about its potency. The literature reveals that electrospun nanofibers show simplicity, efficiency, cost, and reproducibility compared to other fabricating techniques. Forcespinning is a new technique that minimizes limitations and provides additional advantages to electrospinning. Polymer-based nanofibers-whose advantages lie in stability, solubility, and drug storage-overcome problems related to drug delivery, like instability and hydrophobicity. Curcumin-loaded polymer nanofibers show potency in healing diabetic wounds in vitro and in vivo. The release profiles, cell viability, and proliferation assays substantiate their efficacy in bone tissue repair and drug delivery against lung, breast, colorectal, squamous, glioma, and endometrial cancer cells. This review mainly discusses how polymer nanofibers interact with curcumin and its medical efficacy.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 in Pubic and Perianal Hair from Patients with Genital Warts (1999)

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are of clinical importance due to their role in the development of anogenital warts. A pilot study was performed to investigate whether DNAs from HPV types 6 and 11 are present in hairs plucked from the pubic and perianal regions and eyebrows of patients with genital warts at present and patients with a recent history of genital warts. Genital HPV DNA was detected in 9 of 25 (36%) pubic hair samples and in 11 of 22 (50%) perianal hair samples by the CPI/CPIIg PCR. After sequencing of 17 of 20 samples, HPV type 6 or 11 was detected in 6 of 25 (24%) hair samples from the pubis and 8 of 22 (36%) hair samples from the perianal region. These types were not detected in plucked eyebrow hairs. In contrast, the HPV types associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis were detected in similar proportions (62%) in both samples of pubic and eyebrow hairs. Moreover, HPV type 6 and 11 DNAs were detected in pubic hairs plucked from two patients who had been successfully treated and who did not show any lesion at the time of hair collection; this finding is an argument that HPV DNA may persist in this region. The presence of genital HPV types in plucked pubic and perianal hair suggests that there is an endogenous reservoir for HPV which may play a role in the recurrences of genital warts.
Lipid Saturation and the Rheology of Human Tear Lipids (2019)

Elevated levels of acyl chain saturation of meibomian lipids are associated with enhanced tear film (TF) stability in infants to shortened TF breakup time with meibomian gland dysfunction. Thus, the effect of saturation on the surface properties of human TF lipids (TFLs) using a Langmuir surface balance and Brewster angle microscopy was studied. Lipid phase transitions were measured using infrared spectroscopy. The raise in the % of saturation resulted in thicker, and more elastic films at π = 12 mN/m, with the effects being proportional to the saturation level. At the same time, at lower (≤10 mN/m) π, the raise in saturation resulted in an altered spreading and modified structure of TFL layers. The strong impact of saturation on TFL surface properties correlated with a saturation induced increase of the TFL acyl chain order, phase transition temperature, and lipid-lipid interactions. The native TFL order and π<sub>max</sub> were significantly greater, compared with native meibum collected from the same individual. Aggregation of lipids on the tear surface due to saturation was not as significant as it was for meibum. Although the surface pressure/area isotherms for TFL were similar for meibum, differences in rheology and phase transition parameters warrant the study of both.
Development of robust safety-of-life navigation receivers at the german aerospace center (DLR) (2010)

This paper summarizes the development of safety-of-life receivers for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that has been being conducted at the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Two receiver systems have already been successfully fabricated, integrated and tested by means of field experiments. Implementation issues of these two systems are described in this contribution. Details about the third generation of DLR's receiving system, which is currently under development, are also briefly discussed.
Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by Cordyceps militaris (2001)

This process can have a significant impact on the industrial scale when sucrose and corn steep powder were used as carbon and nitrogen source.
Soil water repellency as a vegetation-driven strategy in arid ecosystems: Banksia woodlands (Western Australia) case study. (2016)

Soil water repellency (SWR) is caused by hydrophobic organic substances released by plant residues, roots or soil microorganisms that inhibit or delay rainwater infiltration. Banksia woodlands (BW) are iconic ecosystems of semi-arid environments of Western Australia (WA) comprised by an overstorey dominated by Proteaceae, e.g. Banksia menziesii and Banksia attenuata, in combination with other species, such as Eucalyptus spp. Although located in poor dune soils, BW provide numerous ecosystem services and sustain a high biodiversity. A characteristic feature of BW is their dimorphic root architecture, formed by a proteoid (cluster) system that radiate from the parent root and spreads to form thick mats below the soil surface. These clusters secrete large amounts of organic acids and phenolics to increase the uptake of P and other minerals that can be related to SWR. In contrast, the parent root penetrates soil deeply, reaching the water table. This study, conducted in natural BW of WA, aimed to assess SWR and its impact on water economy in relation with soil functioning and plant strategies for water uptake in pristine BW. Soil samples were collected at different depths (0-1, 1-10, 20-30 and 40- 50 cm) based on the different SWR severities found in each layer under field conditions. SWR was assessed under laboratory conditions in oven-dry samples (48 h, 105 ºC) and the chemical organic assemblage of bulked soil subsamples from each layer was analysed by direct analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). SWR distributed discontinuously through the soil profile. The first thin layer (0-1 cm) composed of coarse sand and litter, located immediately above Banksia root clusters, showed wettable conditions. In contrast, the well aggregated soil layer where the cluster root system is located (1-10 cm) was severely water-repellent. The 20-30 and 40-50 cm deep layers rendered wettable or subcritically water-repellent. After Py-GC/MS analysis, major compounds were identified and grouped according to their probable biogenic origin. Among other soil organic compounds, well resolved bimodal alkane/akene (C8-C31, maxima at C13 and C26) and fatty acids series (short-chained, C5-C9, and long-chained even-numbered C12-C18) were associated to the root cluster soil layer (1-10 cm). Also, a relatively high contribution of fire-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was observed (7%). These results point to possible indirect links between organic substances released by roots and soil wettability involving soil microorganisms. Further discussion should shed light on possible ecological plant strategies and specific adaptations for water uptake in such arid ecosystems of WA.
Elevated thrombin generation levels in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation (2023)

NCT03795883.
A silent mutation, C924T (G308G), in the L1CAM gene results in X linked hydrocephalus (HSAS). (1998)

The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a neuronal gene involved in the development of the nervous system. Mutations in L1CAM are known to cause several clinically overlapping X linked mental retardation conditions: X linked hydrocephalus (HSAS), MASA syndrome (mental retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait, adducted thumbs), spastic paraplegia type I (SPG1), and X linked agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). In an analysis of a family with HSAS, we identified a C-->T transition (C924T) in exon 8 that was initially thought to have no effect on the protein sequence as the alteration affected the third base of a codon (G308G). Extensive analysis of the other 27 exons showed no other alteration. A review of the sequence surrounding position 924 indicated that the C-->T transition created a potential 5' splice site consensus sequence, which would result in an in frame deletion of 69 bp from exon 8 and 23 amino acids of the L1CAM protein. RT-PCR of the RNA from an affected male fetus and subsequent sequence analysis confirmed the use of the new splice site. This is the first report of a silent nucleotide substitution in L1CAM giving rise to an alteration at the protein level. Furthermore, it shows that as mutation analysis plays an ever more important role in human genetics, the identification of a synonymous base change should not be routinely discounted as a neutral polymorphism.
Câmbio: A Realistic Simulated Robot for Vision Algorithms. (2003)

We introduce concepts and algorithms for control of visual motor commands and realistic simulation of basic abilities as visual servoing and perception for robotics vision simulation. We use the tools to build part of a humanoid (arms and head) robot, affectively named Cˆ ambio. We describe Cs design, providing an overview on the most used feature extraction techniques for perception, discussing implementation issues. We show the usefulness of a simulated platform as an inexpensive alternative for testing and developing computer vision algorithms in real-time robotics applications.