gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment of mouse macrophages modulates LPS-dependent interleukin-6 production in vitro (1996)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce mouse macrophages to produce a number of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Our laboratory previously reported that LPS-dependent macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production could be significantly potentiated by pretreatment with LPS at substimulatory LPS priming doses. The observed potentiation was shown to be coincident with a down-regulation of LPS-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production (X. Zhang and D. C. Morrison, J. Exp. Med. 177: 511-516, 1993). In order to determine whether these LPS reprogramming effects in mouse macrophages were selective for these two macrophage-derived mediators, we have examined the effects of LPS pretreatment on LPS-dependent interleukin 6 (IL-6) production. Thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with various subthreshold stimulatory concentrations of LPS for 6 h, washed three times, and then stimulated with an effective stimulatory concentration of smooth LPS for 18 h. In confirmation of earlier studies, pretreatment of mouse macrophages with substimulatory doses of LPS inhibited the subsequent LPS-dependent NO production. This down-regulation was accompanied by a coordinate up-regulation of LPS-dependent IL-6 production, similar to what was shown earlier for TNF-alpha production. These priming effects with the substimulatory dose of smooth LPS are shown to be independent of doses of LPS used for subsequent activation and are not restricted to specific LPS stimulation. Moreover, the enhancement of the IL-6 response by LPS pretreatment is still observed in the presence of neutralizing antibody to TNF-alpha. These findings, therefore, provide further support for the conclusion that LPS-dependent macrophage reprogramming is likely to involve common regulatory pathways that control the secretion of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
An Experimentally Validated Wormhole Model for Self-Diverting and Conventional Acids in Carbonate Rocks under Radial Flow Conditions (2007)

Abstract Self-diverting acids are commonly used in matrix acidizing treatments of carbonate formations, not only to increase permeability by generating wormholes, as with conventional acids such as HCl, but also to self-divert into zones of lower injectivity, in the goal of optimizing zonal coverage. In this paper, a new model for wormhole propagation is proposed, which describes both stimulation and diversion processes. A preliminary model is presented, which predicts wormhole propagation under radial-flow conditions for conventional acids. Then, a new set of parameters characterizing the reactive flow of self-diverting acids is developed, and the above model is extended to include self-diverting mechanisms. In particular, it is shown how the new parameters related to wormhole growth and those to diversion can be assessed from linear core-flood experiments and integrated into a new radial-flow model for field-scale prediction. Using this model, a new criterion is developed for diverter efficiency as a function of permeability contrast. Finally, the model is validated against radial flow experiments. It is found that self-diverting acids are characterized by two new parameters which, when combined with the model for wormhole propagation, can be used to predict the performance of self-diverting acids, both in terms of wormhole penetration and in terms of zonal coverage. Some criteria are also developed to assess the diversion ability of acids.
VGLUT3-p.A211V variant fuses stereocilia bundle and elongates synaptic ribbons in the human deafness DFNA25 (2020)

DFNA25 is an autosomal-dominant and progressive form of human deafness caused by mutations in the SLC17A8 gene, which encodes the vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3). To resolve the mechanisms underlying DFNA25, we studied the phenotype of the mouse harboring the p.A221V mutation in human (corresponding to p.A224V in mouse). Using auditory brainstem response and distortion products of otoacoustic emissions, we showed that VGLUT3 A224V/A224V mouse replicates the DFNA25 progressive hearing loss with intact cochlear amplification. Scanning electron microscopy examinations demonstrated fused stereocilia bundle of the inner hair cells (IHCs) as the primary cause for DFNA25. In addition, the IHC ribbon synapses undergo structural and functional modifications at later stages. Using super-resolution microscopy, we observed oversized synaptic ribbons associated with an increase in the rate of the sustained releasable pool of exocytosis. These results indicate that the primary defect in DFNA25 stems from a failure in the mechano-transduction followed by a change in synaptic transfer. The VGLUT3 A224V/A224V mouse model opens the way to a deeper understanding and to a potential treatment of DFNA25.
Catalytic role of conserved HQGE motif in the CE6 carbohydrate esterase family (2007)

An acetylxylan esterase (R.44), belonging to the carbohydrate esterase family 6 (CE6), retrieved from bovine rumen metagenome was analyzed. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the enzyme possesses a catalytic triad formed by Ser(14), His(231) and Glu(152). The catalytic Ser and His have been identified in highly conserved sequences GQSX and DXXH in the CE6 family, respectively, and the active-site glutamate was part of a highly conserved sequence HQGE. This motif is situated near to the so-called Block III in the CE6 family and its role in catalysis has not been identified so far.
[Risk factors in child and adolescent with systemic hypertension]. (2002)

A prospective study was made on 1068 pupils, aged between 10-15 years (group I). From this group 995 pupils were examined after four to seven years (group II). Their age was between 16-19 years. The study contained: anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP) and pulse measurements, and a standard record using the epidemiologic interview method. For each pupil we determined the following familial and personal antecedent of cardiovascular disease, especially arterial hypertension; alimentary habits (salt and hydro-carbonate excess); consumption of coffee and cigarettes; physical activity; tendency to sedentarism; school or family stress; and behaviour type. Data were worked out and interpreted, using epidemiologic and statistic methods in Epi Info 6 program. The prevalence of genetic factors (4% in group I and 4.3% in group II), consumption of salt (38% in group I and 35% in group II), obesity (1.5% in group and 1.4% in group II), sedentariness (4.8% in group I and 6.8% in group II), stress (9.8% in group I and 10.5% in group II), with behaviour type A (41% I group and 52% in group II) all presented almost equal values in the two groups regardless of age or BP level. The statistical study of the influence of the risk factors on BP values, using student's t test has demonstrated the contributory part of the genetic factor, the excess of sweets and stress. The deleterious effects of arterial hypertension risk factors, which can begin early in childhood demonstrate the necessity for responsible parties (family, school, doctors, etc.) to be aware of these risk factors and assist in their control.
Parainfluenza (Sendai) Virus Infects Ciliated Cells and Secretory Cells but Not Basal Cells of Rat Tracheal Epithelium (1993)

Sendai virus is a common respiratory pathogen in rodents. In the airways of rats infected with Sendai virus, viral antigen is present in epithelial cells, but whether all types of epithelial cells are infected is unknown. Because each type of epithelial cell has specific functions that could be affected by viral infection, we asked whether ciliated cells, secretory cells, and basal cells of the rat tracheal epithelium become infected by Sendai virus. We inoculated pathogen-free rats intranasally with Sendai virus, killed the rats 1 to 12 days after inoculation, and prepared the tracheas for double-labeling immunohistochemistry and for electron microscopy. In other studies, we maximized the infection by inoculating rats with a 100-fold higher titer of the virus, by inoculating weanling rats, or by inoculating tracheal explants with Sendai virus in vitro. We also determined whether Sendai virus can infect basal cells of tracheal explants after removal of the overlying columnar epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that at the peak of the infection (5 days after inoculation), 30% of the surface epithelial cells stained for Sendai virus antigen, but no basal cells were stained. Electron microscopic examination confirmed the presence of viral particles in ciliated cells and secretory cells, but none were found in basal cells. No basal cells were infected under the conditions that maximized the infection. We conclude that ciliated cells and secretory cells of the rat tracheal epithelium become infected by Sendai virus, but basal cells do not become infected.
Modulation of Keratin and Connexin Expression in Limbal Epithelium Expanded on Denuded Amniotic Membrane with and without a 3T3 Fibroblast Feeder Layer (2003)

Limbal cultures on intact AM retain a limbal epithelial phenotype, whereas those on denuded AM differentiate into a corneal phenotype. The addition of 3T3 slows but does not prevent corneal differentiation on denuded AM. Such a difference may involve integrin-mediated extracellular matrix interactions.
Modeling the structure of mAb 14B7 bound to the anthrax protective antigen (2007)

The anthrax protective antigen (PA) is a key component of the tripartite anthrax toxin. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 14B7 and its engineered, affinity-matured variants have been shown to be effective in blocking PA binding to cellular receptors and mitigating anthrax toxicity. Here, we perform computational structural modeling of the mAb 14B7-PA interaction. Our objectives are to determine the structure of the 14B7-PA complex, to deduce a structural explanation for the affinity maturation from the docking models, and to study the effect of inaccuracies in the antibody homology model on docking. We used the RosettaDock program to dock PA with the mAb 14B7 crystal structure or homology model. Our simulations generate two distinct binding orientations consistent with experimental residue mutations that diminish 14B7-PA binding. Furthermore, the models suggest new site-directed mutations to positively identify one of these two solutions as the correct 14B7-PA docking orientation. The models indicate that PA regions 648-660 and 712-720 may be important for 14B7 binding in addition to the known PA epitope, and the binding interfaces are similar to that seen in the PA complex with cellular receptor CMG2. Antibody residues involved in affinity maturation do not contact the antigen in the docking models, suggesting that affinity maturation in the 14B7 family does not result from direct enhancements of antibody-antigen contacts. Docking the homology model produces low-resolution representations of the crystal structure docking orientations, but homology model docking is frustrated by antibody H3 loop conformation errors. This work demonstrates the usefulness and limitations of computational structure prediction for the development of antibody therapeutics, and reemphasizes the need for flexible backbone docking algorithms to achieve high-resolution docking using homology models.
DNA REPAIR CAPACITY DETERMINES AGE-RELATED VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION (2011)

Durik, M.; Kavousi, M.; van der Pluijm, I.; Isaacs, A.; Ridwan, R. Y.; Brandt, R.; Loot, A.; Flemming, I.; Duijn, C. M.; Witteman, J. C. M.; Hoeijmakers, J.; Danser, A. H. J.; Duncker, D. J.; Roks, A. J. M. Author Information
Lactic Acid as a Component of Synthetic Resins (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLactic Acid as a Component of Synthetic ResinsJ. T. Stearn, B. Makower, and P. H. GrogginsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 10, 1335–1342Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50370a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50370a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Low-concentration detection of CO2 using suspended silicon waveguides in the mid-IR (2022)

We show detection of CO 2 concentrations as low as 500 ppm using a suspended silicon photonic mid-IR waveguide. The performance is enabled by the low propagation loss (2 . 35 ± 0 . 25) dB/cm permitting sensing with waveguides up to 7 cm in length.
Effects of Pneumatic Artificial Heart Driver on the Rate of Isovolumic Pressure Rise (1988)

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of three parameters of the artificial heart's performance on the (+) dP/dt max. Specifically, the effects of heart rate, left-sided drive pressure, and percent systole (the independent variables) on the (+) dP/dt max (the dependent variable) were examined. The study was conducted using a mock circulation which was connected to an artificial heart. Data were collected using the COMDU software developed for the computer which monitors the artificial heart. Stepwise regression analysis was used to test the three hypotheses. Hypothesis one stated the heart rate would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. The hypothesis was not supported. Hypothesis two stated the percent systole would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. Hypothesis two was also not supported. Hypothesis three stated the drive pressure would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. The hypothesis was supported as drive pressure accounted for 4% of the variance in (+) dP/dt max; however, the results were not clinically significant. Limitations in the study were multicollinearity among the independent variables, small sample size, and the inability of the mock circulation to represent human responses.
Coordinated Multibeam Satellite Co-location: The Dual Satellite Paradigm (2015)

In the present article, a new system architecture for the next generation of satellite communication (SatComs) is presented. The key concept lies in the collaboration between multibeam satellites that share one orbital position. Multi-satellite constellations in unique orbital slots offer gradual deployment to cover unpredictable traffic patterns and redundancy to hardware failure advantages. They are also of high relevance during the satellite replacement phases or necessitated by constraints in the maximum communications payload that a single satellite can bear. In this context, the potential gains of advanced architectures, that is architectures enabled by the general class of cooperative and cognitive techniques, are exhibited via a simple paradigm. More specifically, the scenario presented herein, involves two co-existing multibeam satellites which illuminate overlapping coverage areas. Based on this scenario, specific types of cooperative and cognitive techniques are herein considered as candidate technologies that can boost the performance of multibeam satellite constellations. These techniques are compared to conventional frequency splitting configurations in terms of three different criteria, namely the spectral efficiency, the power efficiency and the fairness. Consequently, insightful guidelines for the design of future high throughput constellations of multibeam satellites are given.
Temperature Dependence of Raman Frequency Shift in SrWO4 Crystal Studied by Lattice Dynamical Calculations (2019)

The frequency shift of the Raman modes in strontium tungstate (SrWO4) was investigated in the temperature range from 15 to 295 K. The experimental temperature dependence of the shift was analyzed using both the lattice dynamical calculations and the lattice perturbative approach. We found that the quartic anharmonic term of the first-order perturbation and the cubic term of the second-order perturbation, as well as the thermal expansion, contribute to the temperature shift of the highest-frequency Ag(ν1) mode. The values of the temperature sensitivity of the frequency shift of the Raman modes at room temperature were measured, which is important for developing high-power crystalline Raman lasers and frequency shifters.
SafetyNet: Detecting and Rejecting Adversarial Examples Robustly (2017)

We describe a method to produce a network where current methods such as DeepFool have great difficulty producing adversarial samples. Our construction suggests some insights into how deep networks work. We provide a reasonable analyses that our construction is difficult to defeat, and show experimentally that our method is hard to defeat with both Type I and Type II attacks using several standard networks and datasets. This SafetyNet architecture is used to an important and novel application SceneProof, which can reliably detect whether an image is a picture of a real scene or not. SceneProof applies to images captured with depth maps (RGBD images) and checks if a pair of image and depth map is consistent. It relies on the relative difficulty of producing naturalistic depth maps for images in post processing. We demonstrate that our SafetyNet is robust to adversarial examples built from currently known attacking approaches.
Epi-betulinic acid from the stem bark of Anthostema madagascariensis Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) extracts and its laxative activity in mice (2020)

The latex of Anthostema madagascariensis is used as a purgative in Malagasy traditional medicine. The study was aimed to investigate the laxative activity of stem barks extracts of A. madagascariensis. The hydroalcoholic crude extract of the stem barks from A. madagascariensis and the three fractions resulting from the fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract and the isolated compound from the active extract were tested. The laxative activity was investigated using in vivo models intestinal motility in mice. Among all tested dose, the hydroalcoholic extract more or equal to 1000 mg/kg and ethyl acetate extract at 1200mg/kg produced significant (p
Use of PCR-mediated amplification of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in different types of clinical samples for the diagnosis of leprosy (1993)

DNA of Mycobacterium leprae, obtained by a highly efficient nucleic acid extraction procedure, was used for standardisation of the amplification of an M. leprae-specific repetitive sequence by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With pure DNA, M. leprae-specific amplification was obtained with as low as 100 ag (1 ag = 10(-18) g) of target DNA, a quantity equal to about one-tenth of the bacterial genome. Optimal processing of different types of clinical samples such as biopsy material, blood and lymph fluid, from multibacillary leprosy patients, was studied. Simple freezing-boiling cycles in the presence of Triton X100, with some additional sample-specific modifications such as pre-treatment with NaOH to eliminate PCR inhibitors, was found to be sufficient to yield amplification of bacterial DNA in samples from paucibacillary patients. Clinical samples from 27 untreated leprosy patients, covering the various clinical forms of the disease, and with a bacterial index ranging from 5+ to 0, were collected and processed for PCR analysis. After hybridisation of the amplified material with a specific sequence, 25 of 27 patients analysed gave positive results for M. leprae in at least one of the samples. The potential of PCR for the diagnosis of leprosy is discussed.
Pyrazinacenes as a New Class of Highly Fluorescent REDOX Active Chromophores (2023)

Pyrazinacenes consist of rectilinearly fused 1,4-pyrazine units and can be considered as analogues of the well-studied acene family of compounds with the apical CH units replaced with nitrogen atoms. Herein we discuss the family of pyrazinacene compounds that have been developed recently paying particular attention to their photophysical properties. We show that REDOX properties are dependent on the number of fused rings in the respective pyrazinacenes, and that in their reduced forms, pyrazinacenes are typically highly fluorescent species with solution fluorescence quantum yields typically above 50%, even in extended or deprotonated systems where emission in the near infra-red (NIR) region can be elicited.
Generating small combinatorial test suites to cover input-output relationships (2003)

In this paper, we consider a problem that arises in black box testing: generating small test suites (i.e., sets of test cases) where the combinations that have to be covered are specified by input-output parameter relationships of a software system. That is, we only consider combinations of input parameters that affect an output parameter. We also do not assume that the input parameters have the same number of values. To solve this problem, we revisit the greedy algorithm for test generation and show that the size of the test suite it generates is within a logarithmic factor of the optimal. Unfortunately, the algorithm's main weaknesses are its time and space requirements for construction. To address this issue, we present a problem reduction technique that makes the greedy algorithm or any other test suite generation method more efficient if the reduction in size is significant.
Digital Image Processing Algorithms and Applications (2000)

From the Publisher:
Digital data acquired by scanners, radar systems, and digital cameras are typically computer processed to produce images through digital image processing. Through various techniques employing image processing algorithms, digital images can be enhanced for viewing and human interpretation. This book provides readers with a complete library of algorithms for digital image processing, coding, and analysis. Reviewing all facets of the technology, it is supplemented with an ftp site containing detailed lab exercises, PDF transparencies, and source code (all algorithms are presented in C-code).
Organ preservation strategies after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study (2023)

Applying organ preservation strategies, that is, undergoing modified surgery after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, is feasible for selected central type NSCLC patients with favorable safety and long-term survival.