gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oscillating-gradient spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging (OGSE-DWI) with a limited number of oscillations: I. Signal equation (2021)

The oscillating-gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequence has been promoted as a promising diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) technique for probing in vivo tissue microstructure in the frequency domain. However, due to practical restrictions on the duration and number of oscillations that a motion-probing gradient can have, the technique has limited spectral resolution and range. This work re-examines the OGSE-DWI method to clarify how these limitations are reflected in the signal model. There are several aspects of the revised framework that distinguish it from the conventional description employed for OGSE DWI. In particular, while the conventional OGSE signal model implies that the spectral density of molecular diffusion may be directly sampled in experiments, in practice information about the spectral density can be only indirectly obtained.
DevS Oxy Complex Stability Identifies This Heme Protein as a Gas Sensor inMycobacterium tuberculosisDormancy (2009)

DevS is one of the two sensing kinases responsible for DevR activation and the subsequent entry of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into dormancy. Full-length wild-type DevS forms a stable oxy-ferrous complex. The DevS autoxidation rates are extremely low (half-lives of >24 h) in the presence of cations such as K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+). At relatively high concentrations (100 mM), Cu(2+) accelerates autoxidation more than 1500-fold. Contrary to expectations, removal of the key hydrogen bond between the iron-coordinated oxygen and Tyr171 in the Y171F mutant provides a protein of comparable stability to autoxidation and similar oxygen dissociation rate. This correlates with our earlier finding that the Y171F mutant and wild-type kinase activities are similarly regulated by the binding of oxygen: namely, the ferrous five-coordinate complex is active, whereas the oxy-ferrous six-coordinate species is inactive. Our results indicate that DevS is a gas sensor in vivo rather than a redox sensor and that the stability of its ferrous-oxy complex is enhanced by interdomain interactions.
Diffusion processes in homogeneous and phase-separated binary fluid mixtures (2008)

Diffusion processes in dynamically asymmetric binary fluid mixtures made of monodisperse polystyrene (PS) and a rodlike nematogen molecule (5CB) are studied by pulsed-field gradient spin echo NMR in the vicinity of the phase-separation/phase-dissolution temperature. The phase-separation process and the loss of mobility of polymer chains at Tg take place simultaneously evidencing the strong effect of elasticity on the sample morphology. Below the instability point of the mixture, two self-diffusion coefficients, named Dfast and Dslow, are observed and assigned to mobile molecules i) dissolved in the polymeric matrix and ii) phase-separated in isolated or interconnected domains, respectively. The temperature dependence of Dfast exhibits an Arrhenius-like behaviour when the mixture is submitted to a slow cooling rate whereas a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman-Hesse law is obeyed for deep quenches. These results show the dynamic heterogeneities existing in the PS/5CB system below the UCST. Characteristic length scales are estimated from modelling echo attenuation curves exhibiting diffraction-like patterns.
Penetration Enhancement of Transdermal Delivery-Current Permutations and Limitations (2004)

In order to achieve enhanced topical drug delivery, it is necessary to make physical or biomolecular structural alterations to the stratum corneum by suitable techniques or by the use of specific chemical agents or drug carriers. The role of the chemical penetration enhancer is to reversibly alter the barrier properties of the stratum corneum by disruption of the membrane structures or by maximizing drug solubility within the skin. Alternatively, permeant delivery to the dermal vasculature using one of several physical methods to reduce diffusional resistance within the skin may be used to promote drug penetration. In the present article, we summarize the major facets of the diverse spectrum of penetration enhancement techniques that include modification of the stratum corneum, lipid-based delivery systems, drug/vehicle interactions, bypassing the stratum corneum, and electrical techniques of enhancement.
Liquid crystal-based phase screens as wavefront correctors in astronomical adaptive optics: status report of the AdOpt project (1992)

Wavefront correctors (WFC) in adaptive optics systems are usually made of thin continuous or segmented mirrors, which are shaped by the converse piezo-electric or magnetostrictive effects. Three years ago we started a government-funded research aimed at evaluating the feasibility of a WFC for astronomy, based on the electro-optical effect in nematic liquid crystals (NLC). If homogeneusely aligned NLCs are tuned, their extraordinary refractive index vary, with a variation range up to 0.3. If we superimpose two layers at 90 degrees, we can have an addressable matrix with varying refractive index. When applying small voltages to each actuator cell, the LC long molecules align along the electric field, thus rotating the Fresnel ellipsoid.
Pilot study of a protocol to administer inhaled nitric oxide to treat severe acute submassive pulmonary embolism (2013)

Inhaled NO reduced dyspnoea without adverse events in eight patients with severe submassive PE. This protocol can serve as the basis for a phase II trial or for a compassionate use protocol.
Drugs Affecting Microtubule Dynamics Increase α-Tubulin mRNA Accumulation via Transcription in Tetrahymena thermophila (1992)

In cultured mammalian cells, an increase in the amount of tubulin monomer due to treatment with a microtubule-depolymerizing agent results in a rapid decline in tubulin synthesis. This autoregulatory response is mediated through a posttranscriptional mechanism which decreases the stability of tubulin message with no change in transcriptional activity of tubulin genes. Conversely, treatment with a microtubule-polymerizing drug, such as taxol, results in a slight increase in the synthesis of tubulin. Surprisingly, we find that two microtubule-depolymerizing agents, colchicine and oryzalin, actually cause an increase in alpha-tubulin synthesis and alpha-tubulin message in starved Tetrahymena thermophila. This increase is paralleled by an increase in transcription of alpha-tubulin sequences measured by run-on transcription, while the half-life of tubulin message measured by decay in the presence of actinomycin D does not change appreciably. Treatment of starved cells with taxol also produces an increase in alpha-tubulin synthesis via an increase in message abundance due to an increase in transcription of the alpha-tubulin gene. These results indicate that tubulin synthesis in T. thermophila is regulated very differently than in cultured mammalian cells.
Apprentissage incrémental et décrémental (2012)

Ce mémoire de master présente la question de l'apprentissage incrémental et décrémental d'un système de classification évolutif. Il se place dans le cadre de la reconnaissance de raccourcis graphiques sur une interface homme-machine tactile ou avec stylet. Un panorama des systèmes incrémentaux évolutifs existants est présenté, et une attention particulière est portée aux systèmes d'inférence floue. L'apprentissage décrémental, qui constitue l'objet de ce stage, est ensuite présenté : l'introduction d'oubli dans l'optimisation des conclusions des règles d'inférence est explorée. Deux stratégies sont proposées -- l'apprentissage décrémental sur une fenêtre et l'apprentissage décrémental progressif -- qui sont ensuite évaluées suivant plusieurs protocoles expérimentaux. Il est en particulier montré que l'oubli est indispensable pour conserver un système dynamique et réactif à long terme, ce qui rend l'apprentissage décrémental nécessaire pour l'utilisation à vie d'un système d'apprentissage incrémental évolutif.
Isolation of a Diylide‐Stabilized Stannylene and Germylene: Enhanced Donor Strength through Coplanar Lone Pair Alignment (2019)

The preparation of the first stable diylide-substituted stannylene and germylene (Y<sub>2</sub> E, with E=Ge, Sn and Y=[PPh<sub>3</sub> -C-SO<sub>2</sub> Tol]<sup>-</sup> ) is reported. The synthesis is easily accomplished in one step from the sulfonyl-substituted metalated ylide YNa and the corresponding ECl<sub>2</sub> precursors. Y<sub>2</sub> Ge and Y<sub>2</sub> Sn exhibit unusual structures in the solid state and in solution, in which the three adjacent lone pairs in the C-E-C linkage are arranged coplanar to each other. As shown by DFT studies, this bonding situation is preferred over the typical π-donation from the ligands into the empty p-orbital at the metal due to the strong anion-stabilizing ability of the sulfonyl groups in the ylide backbone and their additional coordination to the metal. The alignment of the three lone pairs leads to a remarkable boost of the HOMO energy and thus of the donor strengths of the tetrylenes. Hence, Y<sub>2</sub> Ge and Y<sub>2</sub> Sn become stronger donors than their diamino or diaryl congeners and comparable to cyclic alkyl(amino)carbenes. First reactivity studies confirm the high reactivity of Y<sub>2</sub> Ge and Y<sub>2</sub> Sn, which for example undergo an intramolecular C-H activation reaction via metal-ligand cooperation.
On the Mechanics of Functional Asymmetry in Bipedal Walking (2012)

This paper uses two symmetrical models, the passive compass-gait biped and a five-link 3-D biped, to computationally investigate the cause and function of gait asymmetry. We show that for a range of slope angles during passive 2-D walking and mass distributions during controlled 3-D walking, these models have asymmetric walking patterns between the left and right legs due to the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry-breaking. In both cases a stable asymmetric family of gaits emerges from a symmetric family of gaits as the total energy increases (e.g., fast speeds). The ground reaction forces of each leg reflect different roles, roughly corresponding to support, propulsion, and motion control as proposed by the hypothesis of functional asymmetry in able-bodied human walking. These results suggest that body mechanics, independent of neurophysiological mechanisms such as leg dominance, may contribute to able-bodied gait asymmetry.
Laser Technology in Orthopedics: Preliminary Study on Low Power Laser Therapy to Improve the Bone-Biomaterial Interface (2001)

Low Power Laser (LPL) seems to enhance the healing of bone defects and fractures. The effect of LPL in other orthopedic areas such as osteointegration of implanted prosthetic bone devices is still unclear. In the present study, 12 rabbits were used to evaluate whether Ga-Al-As (780 nm) LPL stimulation has positive effects on osteointegration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) cylindrical nails were drilled into both distal femurs of rabbits. From postoperative day 1 and for 5 consecutive days, the left femura of all rabbits were given LPL treatment (Laser Group-LG) with the following parameters: 300 Joule/cm2, 1 Watt, 300 Hertz, pulsating emission, 10 minutes. The right femura were sham-treated (Control Group-CG). At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, histologic and histomorphometric investigations evaluated bone-biomaterial-contact. Histomorphometry showed a higher degree of osteointegration at the HA-bone interface in the LG Group at 4 (p < 0.0005) and 8 weeks (p < 0.001). These preliminary positive results seem to support the hypothesis that LPL treatment can be considered a good tool to enhance the bone-implant interface in orthopedic surgery.
New possible mode of ligand–metal cooperation in PC(sp3)P pincer complexes (2011)

Ligand-metal cooperation in iridium and platinum complexes bearing tricyclic dibenzobarrelene-based PC(sp(3))P pincer ligands is discussed. We demonstrated that the carbon-metal bond in these complexes may be efficiently cleaved and regenerated via 1,2-addition/elimination reactions.
Beijing＇s Architectural Axis Line (2011)

It defines the architectural structure of a historic capital built over 850 years ago. It highlights the best of Chinese architectural traditions. It reflects the most typical lifestyle of Beijing locals. It witnesses the urban evolution of Beijing. It is the architectural axis line of Beijing.
Assessment of suicide attempt and death in bipolar affective disorder: a combined clinical and genetic approach (2021)

Bipolar disorder (BP) suicide death rates are 10-30 times greater than the general population, likely arising from environmental and genetic risk factors. Though suicidal behavior in BP has been investigated, studies have not addressed combined clinical and genetic factors specific to suicide death. To address this gap, a large, harmonized BP cohort was assessed to identify clinical risk factors for suicide death and attempt which then directed testing of underlying polygenic risks. 5901 individuals of European ancestry were assessed: 353 individuals with BP and 2498 without BP who died from suicide (BPS and NBPS, respectively) from a population-derived sample along with a volunteer-derived sample of 799 individuals with BP and a history of suicide attempt (BPSA), 824 individuals with BP and no prior attempts (BPNSA), and 1427 individuals without several common psychiatric illnesses per self-report (C). Clinical and subsequent directed genetic analyses utilized multivariable logistic models accounting for critical covariates and multiple testing. There was overrepresentation of diagnosis of PTSD (OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 3.1-7.6) in BPS versus BPSA, driven by female subjects. PRS assessments showed elevations in BPS including PTSD (OR = 1.3, 95%CI:1.1-1.5, versus C), female-derived ADHD (OR = 1.2, 95%CI:1.1-1.4, versus C), and male insomnia (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.7, versus BPSA). The results provide support from genetic and clinical standpoints for dysregulated traumatic response particularly increasing risk of suicide death among individuals with BP of Northern European ancestry. Such findings may direct more aggressive treatment and prevention of trauma sequelae within at-risk bipolar individuals.
Performance Comparison of Messaging Protocols and Serialization Formats for Digital Twins in IoV (2020)

This paper compares the performance tradeoffs of popular application-layer messaging protocols and binary serialization formats in the context of vehicle-to-cloud communication for maintaining digital twins. Of particular interest are solutions that enables emerging delay-sensitive Intelligent Transport System (ITS) features, while reducing data usage in mobile networks. The evaluated protocols are Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and the serialization formats studied are Protobuf and Flatbuffers. The results show that CoAP – the only User Datagram Protocol (UDP) based protocol evaluated – has the lowest latency and overhead, but is not able to guarantee reliable transfer, even when using its confirmable message feature. For our context, the best performer that guarantees reliable transfer is MQTT. For the serialization formats, Protobuf is shown to have faster serialization speed and three times smaller serialized message size than Flatbuffers. In contrast, Flatbuffers uses less memory and has shorter deserialization time, making it an interesting alternative for applications where the vehicle is the receiver of time sensitive information. Finally, insights and implications on ITS communication are discussed.
Mingle spontaneous social network (2012)

Social networks provide a new way of communication that still preserves our human social interaction. Due to the widespread use of mobile devices, people tend to use their smartphone or tablet as the main way to make that interaction. Furthermore, applications developed to these devices are fostering the use of contextual information, such as the location of the user. In this way, this article proposes Mingle, a model for a spontaneous social network targeted at mobile devices. In our proposal, the social network is spontaneous, i.e. involves only people that are physically present in a specific location. Besides presenting the model, we show a developed prototype using Android-based devices. We evaluated Mingle employing two strategies, a usage case and a performance evaluation. The results were encouraging and show the potential of deploying Mingle in real situations.
Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction characterization of growth mechanism of double perovskite-structured nanoparticles in thin films prepared via metal–organic decomposition (2022)

The epitaxial BNYO nanoparticles and typical disoriented BYNO nanoparticles in cross-sectional TEM images in BYNO-doped YBCO thin films confirm the BYNO nanoparticle growth mechanism.
The Melting Point Alternation inα,ω-Alkanediols andα,ω-Alkanediamines: Interplay between Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic Interactions (2000)

Efficient hydrophobic packing, driven by molecular offset within the hydrogen-bonded layers of α,ω-alkanediols and diamines, is allowed by the geometry of the even-numbered members (left in the picture). In contrast, the geometry of the odd-numbered members (right in the picture) forbids such packing and leads to the observed density and melting point alternation.
Reactions of N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric Acid (Chlorambucil) with 2‘-Deoxyguanosine (2001)

N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, 1) was allowed to react in the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine (16 mM) at physiological pH (cacodylic acid, 50% base), and the reactions were followed by HPLC/MS/MS techniques. Although the predominant reaction observed was chlorambucil hydrolysis, ca. 24% of 1 reacted with different heteroatoms of the nucleoside. As expected, the principal site of 2'-deoxyguanosine alkylation was N7. Alkylation of N7 caused spontaneous depurination, and N-(7-guaninylethyl)-N-hydroxyethyl-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (5) and the corresponding N7,N7-bis-adduct (6) were the major stable dGuo derivatives. Also several other adducts were detected and tentatively identified by means of MS/MS and UV. From them, the O(6-), N1-, N(2-), and O5'-derivatives can be biologically significant. Our results shed new light on DNA modifications caused by chlorambucil, which is an important chemotherapeutic drug and a known carcinogen.
Building Detection and Segmentation Using a CNN with Automatically Generated Training Data (2018)

Significantly outperforming traditional machine learning methods, deep convolutional neural networks have gained increasing popularity in the application of image classification and segmentation. Nevertheless, deep learning-based methods usually require a large amount of training data, which is quite labor-intensive and time-demanding. To deal with the problem in generating training data, we propose in this paper a novel approach to generate image annotations by transferring labels from aerial images to UAV images and refine the annotations using a densely connected CRF model with an embedded naive Bayes classifier. The generated annotations not only present correct semantic labels, but also preserve accurate class boundaries. To validate the utility of these automatic annotations, we deploy them as training data for pixel-wise image segmentation and compare the results with the segmentation using manual annotations. Experiment results demonstrate that the automatic annotations can achieve comparable segmentation accuracy as the manual annotations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐(1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐6‐oxo‐3‐pyridazinyl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)ones as Possible Cardiotonic Agents. (1990)

Abstract The new title compounds (IV) are tested for their cardiotonic activity.
Une crise vaso-occlusive chez un patient drépanocytaire adulte (2013)

hma.2013.0839 Auteur(s) : Francois Lionnet francois.lionnet@tnn.aphp.fr Centre de la drepanocytose, service de medecine interne, hopital Tenon 4, rue de la Chine 75020 Paris Tires a part : F. Lionnet Une mutation unique, situee sur le gene de la β-globine, est responsable de la synthese de l’hemoglobine drepanocytaire (HbS). Differents genotypes sont associes aux syndromes drepanocytaires majeurs ; ils comportent tous au moins 50 % d’HbS [1]. C’est la polymerisation [...]
Virus treatment in advanced cancer.A pathological study of fifty-seven cases (1954)

HE F i N D i N c s at autopsy in filiy-seven cases T of advanced neoplastic disease treated with one or more viruses (Table 1) form the basis of the present report.In addition, twenty-three of these fifty-seven patients had a total of seventy-seven biopsies (Tables 2 and3) that were studied and compared with material obtained postmortem for evidence of morphological change attributable to virus inoculation.T h e experimental basis and rationale that led to human experimental virus inoculation in advanced neoplastic disease and the clinical course of human infection following the injection of certain viruses have been reported else-T h e criteria for the choice of a virus for clinikal trial as an antineoplastic agent have been stated: "A virus should be oncolytic in some host and infective but of low virulence in man.""These requirements were presumably met by each of the viruses studied, since all showed oncolytic activity in some animal and none of the viruses described here, with the exception of mumps and vaccinia virus, were known to cause severe clinical disease in man.where.21, 22. 23 VIRUSESWest Nile virus was first isolated19 from the blood of an Ugandian native whose only sign of illness was slight fever.Three viruses that
In-Channel Responsive Surface Wettability for Reversible and Multiform Emulsion Droplet Preparation and Applications (2019)

We report on a simple approach for in-channel functionalization of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface to obtain a switchable and reversible wettability change between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states. The thermally responsive polymer, poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), was grafted on the surface of PDMS channels by UV-induced surface grafting. PNIPAAm-grafted PDMS (PNIPAAm-g-PDMS) surface wettability can be thermally tuned to obtain water contact angles varying in the range of 24.3 to 106.1° by varying temperature at 25-38 °C. By selectively modifying the functionalized area in the microfluidic channels, multiform emulsion droplets of oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O), and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) could be created on-demand. Combining solid surface wettability and liquid-liquid interfacial properties, tunable generation of O/W and W/O droplet and stratified flows were enabled in the same microfluidic device with either different or the same two-phase fluidic systems, by properly heating/cooling thermal-responsive microfluidic channels and choosing suitable surfactants. Controllable creation of O/W/O and W/O/W droplets was also achieved in the same microfluidic device, by locally heating or cooling the droplet generation areas with integrated electric heaters to achieve opposite surface wettability. Hollow microcapsules were prepared using double emulsion droplets as templates in the microfluidic device with sequential hydrophobic and hydrophilic channel segments, demonstrating the strength of the proposed approach in practical applications.
The Tunnel Technique in the Periodontal Plastic Treatment of Multiple Adjacent Gingival Recession Defects: A Review (2008)

The generally accepted properties of an esthetic smile include harmony, balance, and continuity of form. Gingival recession within the esthetic zone is a primary disruptor of these properties and often must be corrected if an esthetic smile is to be achieved. Periodontal plastic therapeutic surgical techniques are the clinician’s tools for correcting such defects. Many surgical protocols have been described to achieve root coverage successfully. This article reviews and describes the tunnel technique with subepithelial connective tissue grafts for the coverage of multiple adjacent gingival recessions.