gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura directly linked with ADAMTS13 inhibition in the baboon (Papio ursinus) (2010)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is the prototypical microangiopathy characterized by disseminated microthromboses, hemolytic anemia, and ultimately organ dysfunction. A link with deficiency of the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) has been demonstrated, but additional genetic and/or environmental triggers are thought to be required to incite acute illness. Here we report that 4 days of ADAMTS13 functional inhibition is sufficient to induce TTP in the baboon (Papio ursinus), in the absence of inciting triggers because injections with an inhibitory monoclonal antibody (mAb) consistently (n = 6) induced severe thrombocytopenia (< 12 × 10(9)/L), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and a rapid rise in serum lactate dehydrogenase. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the characteristic disseminated platelet- and von Willebrand factor-rich thrombi in kidney, heart, brain, and spleen but not lungs. Prolonged inhibition (14 days, n = 1) caused myocardial ischemic damage and asplenia but not death. Control animals (n = 5) receiving equal doses of a noninhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 mAb remained unaffected. Our results provide evidence for a direct link between TTP and ADAMTS13 inhibition and for a mild disease onset. Furthermore, we present a reliable animal model of this disease as an opportunity for the development and validation of novel treatment strategies.
Hypotony After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery (1995)

Siegfried, Carla J. M.D.; Rosenberg, Lisa F. M.D.; Krupin, Theodore M.D.; Jampol, Lee M. M.D. Author Information
Vibrational analysis as a powerful tool in structure elucidation of polyarsenicals: a DFT-based investigation of arsenicin A (2009)

A detailed experimental and theoretical vibrational analysis of arsenicin A, the first polyarsenical isolated from Nature, is reported. By exploiting the dissimilar and complementary selection rules of infrared (IR) absorption and Raman scattering transitions, and by carrying out density functional theory (DFT) calculations on several candidate structures, we are able to determine the structure of arsenicin A. We demonstrate that vibrational spectroscopy can be a very useful tool in structure elucidation in cases where mass spectrometry (MS) measurements lead to unreliable information, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations are hindered by the presence of silent nuclei, and/or elements of symmetry, in the molecule. Our approach allows to establish a reliable methodology, based on molecular vibrational parameters, for the structural elucidation of any unknown organic compounds of medium-small size on which, nowadays, accurate theoretical calculations can be carried out in reasonable times, without resorting to large-dimension computing resources.
Autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to mild psychological stressors: Effects of chronic stress on older women (2000)

We investigated autonomic and endocrine responses to acute stressors in 27 women who were or are presently caring for a spouse with a progressive dementia (high chronic stress) and 37 noncaregivers who were category matched for age and family income (low chronic stress). Measures were taken before (low acute stress) and in response to brief laboratory stressors (high acute stress). We replicated prior research showing that caregivers report greater stress, depression, and loneliness than the comparison groups, and acute stressors elevate autonomic and neuroendocrine activity. We also found that caregivers, relative to noncaregivers, exhibited shorter preejection periods and elevated blood pressure and heart rate, but the magnitude of autonomic and neuroendocrine reactivity to the experimental stressors was comparable across these groups. This pattern of autonomic differentiation replicates prior research showing that caregivers are characterized by higher sympathetic activation than noncaregivers and suggests that the effects of chronic stress on physiological reactivity may be a less robust effect in older adults.
Flexible and Stretchable Systems for Healthcare and Mobility (2020)

The growing need to shrink not only the footprint of an electronic system but also to limit its thickness has led to increased interest in ultrathin circuits. Namely, flexible substrates and consequently ultrathin ICs have become a pivotal technology for demanding systems. With the capability to conform toward nonplanar bodies, even to support organically shaped surfaces and offer some dynamics, flexibility has eventually expanded to flex-stretch and finally conformal systems. Such properties not only fuel the drive of miniaturization in general but also open up new application areas especially in the sector of healthcare, mobility, robotics, arts, and fashion.
Heat resistance acquirement of the spoilage yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus during heat exposure (2022)

The main fungal cause of spoilage of carbonated fermented beverages in the brewing industry is the amylolytic budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae subsp. diastaticus (Saccharomyces diastaticus). Heat treatment is used to avoid microbial spoilage of the fermented beverages. Therefore, the spoilage capacity of S. diastaticus may be linked to its relative high heat resistance. Here, we assessed whether S. diastaticus can acquire heat resistance when exposed to heat stress. To this end, ascospores of S. diastaticus strain MB523 were treated at 60°C for 10 min followed by growing the surviving spores on a glucose-containing medium. The resulting vegetative cells were then allowed to sporulate again in sporulation medium. This cycle of heat treatment, vegetative growth, and sporulation was performed eight times in three independent lineages. After these eight cycles, the sporulation rate was similar to the start (∼75%) but the resulting ascospores were more heat resistant. The time needed to kill 90% of the population at 60°C (i.e. the D<sub>60</sub>-value) increased from 6.5 to 9.0 min (p = 0.005). The vegetative cells also showed a trend to increased heat resistance with an increase in the D<sub>52</sub>-value from 9.2 to 16.2 min (p = 0.1). In contrast, heat resistance of the vegetative cells that had not been exposed to heat during the eight cycles had been reduced with a D<sub>52</sub>-value of 4.2 min (p = 0.003). Together, these data show that S. diastaticus MB523 can easily acquire heat resistance by inbreeding while subjected to heat stress. Conversely, heat resistance can be easily lost in the absence of this stress condition, indicative of a trade-off for heat resistance.
Autism With and Without Regression: A Two-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study in Two Population-Derived Swedish Cohorts (2019)

Two community-based cohorts of children with autism spectrum disorder, examined using similar assessment protocols, were pooled (n = 301) and subdivided according to history of regression. Those with regression (n = 62), 20.5% of the combined cohort, were contrasted with those without regression (n = 241) at first assessment (age range 19-60 months) and at 2-year follow-up on a range of measures. The regression group was significantly more functionally impaired, with regard to intellectual function (p < .001), language development (p < .001), and to severity of autism (p < .01) at both T1 and T2. Only 14 (23.3%) had a clearly identified underlying etiology [24 (18.6%) in the non-regressive group]. There were no significant differences between those who had regressed 'from normal' and those who had regressed 'from low' functioning.
Quantifying the similarity of multiple point processes with application to early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from EEG (2008)

A novel approach is proposed to quantify the similarity (or 'synchrony') of multiple multi-dimensional point processes. It is based on a generative stochastic model that describes how two or more point processes are related to each other. As an application, the problem of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from multi-channel EEG recordings is considered. The proposed method seems to be more sensitive to AD induced perturbations in EEG synchrony than classical similarity measures.
Improved initial guess for minimum energy path calculations (2014)

A method is presented for generating a good initial guess of a transition path between given initial and final states of a system without evaluation of the energy. An objective function surface is constructed using an interpolation of pairwise distances at each discretization point along the path and the nudged elastic band method then used to find an optimal path on this image dependent pair potential (IDPP) surface. This provides an initial path for the more computationally intensive calculations of a minimum energy path on an energy surface obtained, for example, by ab initio or density functional theory. The optimal path on the IDPP surface is significantly closer to a minimum energy path than a linear interpolation of the Cartesian coordinates and, therefore, reduces the number of iterations needed to reach convergence and averts divergence in the electronic structure calculations when atoms are brought too close to each other in the initial path. The method is illustrated with three examples: (1) rotation of a methyl group in an ethane molecule, (2) an exchange of atoms in an island on a crystal surface, and (3) an exchange of two Si-atoms in amorphous silicon. In all three cases, the computational effort in finding the minimum energy path with DFT was reduced by a factor ranging from 50% to an order of magnitude by using an IDPP path as the initial path. The time required for parallel computations was reduced even more because of load imbalance when linear interpolation of Cartesian coordinates was used.
Does the accuracy of pedicle screw placement differ between the attending surgeon and resident in navigated robotic-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery? (2019)

Robotic assistance with integrated navigation is an area of high interest for improving the accuracy of minimally invasive pedicle screw placement. This study analyzes the accuracy of pedicle screw placement between an attending spine surgeon and a resident by comparing the left and right sides of the first 101 consecutive cases using navigated robotic assistance in a private practice clinical setting. A retrospective, Institutional Review Board-exempt review of the first 106 navigated robot-assisted spine surgery cases was performed. One attending spine surgeon and one resident performed pedicle screw placement consistently on either the left or right side (researchers were blinded). A CT-based Gertzbein and Robbins system (GRS) was used to classify pedicle screw accuracy, with grade A or B considered accurate. There were 630 consecutive lumbosacral pedicle screws placed. Thirty screws (5 patients) were placed without the robot due to surgeon discretion. Of the 600 pedicle screws inserted by navigated robotic guidance (101 patients), only 1.5% (9/600) were repositioned intraoperatively. Based on the GRS CT-based grading of pedicle breach, 98.67% (296/300) of left-side screws were graded A or B, 1.3% (4/300) were graded C, and 0% (0/300) were graded D. For the right-side screws, 97.67% (293/300) were graded A or B, 1.67% (5/300) were graded C, and 0.66% (2/300) were graded D. This study demonstrated a high level of accuracy (based on GRS) with no significant differences between the left- and right-side pedicle screw placements (98.67% vs. 97.67%, respectively) in the clinical use of navigated, robot-assisted surgery.
The design of a high capacity and energy efficient phase change main memory (2011)

Higher energy-efficiency has become essential in servers for a variety of reasons that range from heavy power and thermal constraints, environmental issues and financial savings. With main memory responsible for at least 30% of the energy consumed by a server, a low power main memory is fundamental to achieving this energy efficiency. DRAM has been the technology of choice for main memory for the last three decades primarily because it traditionally combined relatively low power, high performance, low cost and high density. However, with DRAM nearing its density limit, alternative low-power memory technologies, such as Phase-change memory (PCM), have become a feasible replacement. PCM limitations, such as limited endurance and low write performance, preclude simple drop-in replacement and require new architectures and algorithms to be developed. 
A PCM main memory architecture (PMMA) is introduced in this dissertation, utilizing both DRAM and PCM, to create an energy-efficient main memory that is able to replace a DRAM-only memory. PMMA utilizes a number of techniques and architectural changes to achieve a level of performance that is par with DRAM. PMMA achieves gains in energy-delay of up to 65%, with less than 5% of performance loss and extremely high energy gains. To address the other major shortcoming of PCM, namely limited endurance, a novel, low-overhead wear-leveling algorithm that builds on PMMA is proposed that increases the lifetime of PMMA to match the expected server lifetime so that both server and memory subsystems become obsolete at about the same time. 
We also study how to better use the excess capacity, traditionally available on PCM devices, to obtain the highest lifetime possible. We show that under specific endurance distributions, the naive choice does not achieve the highest lifetime. We devise rules that empower the designer to select algorithms and parameters to achieve higher lifetime or simplify the design knowing the impact on the lifetime. The techniques presented also apply to other storage class memories (SCM) memories that suffer from limited endurance.
Zusammenfassung (1976)

Die isotherme Reduktion mit reinem CO einer einseitig oder wechselseitig durchströmten Erzschüttung wird experimentell und theoretisch untersucht.
Characteristics of Eastern Canadian cultivated Sphagnum and potential use as a substitute for perlite and vermiculite in peat-based horticultural substrates. (2015)

Sphagnum cultivation on harvested peatlands to meet wetland restoration objectives could be an economically feasible activity since cultivated Sphagnum has potential horticultural applications. We compared the characteristics of cultivated Sphagnum from Shippagan (Canada) with those of non-cultivated Sphagnum products from Chile, New Zealand and Canada, and assessed its potential as a perlite and vermiculite substitute in horticultural peat-based substrates. Shippagan cultivated Sphagnum was shorter than the Chilean and New Zealand products with which it was compared, yet more similar to them than to the Canadian product currently on the market. Laboratory tests on physical properties and greenhouse growth trials indicated that 50–100 % of the perlite or vermiculite of a peat-based substrate can be successfully replaced with cultivated Sphagnum. Non-sieved coarsely shredded Sphagnum or the large (> 6.3 mm) fragments of sieved coarsely shredded Sphagnum best replicated the aeration provided by perlite and vermiculite in the substrates that were tested. Decomposition tests and comparisons of changes in physical properties of substrates containing Sphagnum after six weeks of growth trials indicated that Sphagnum degradation leading to reduced substrate performance is not likely to be an issue. Therefore, cultivated Sphagnum has great potential as a substitute for perlite and vermiculite.
Aerosols Analysis by LIBS for Monitoring of Air Pollution by Industrial Sources (2011)

In the context of the air quality improvement, there is an increasing need to monitor gas and particle emissions originating from exhaust stacks (incinerators, foundries, etc.) for regulation enforcement purposes. Lots of pollutants are targeted; among them, heavy metals are mostly found in particulate forms. Hence, there is a need to promote the development of suitable on line analytical techniques. To that end, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) appears to be a good technique. Indeed, it is quantitative, fast (<1 min), requires no sample preparation, and can be performed at remote distance. The instrumentation is compact and offers the possibility to be used for continuous and in-situ monitoring. Two different approaches have been tested by several authors to analyze aerosols by LIBS, by focusing the laser either on particles collected on a filter or directly into the aerosol. In this work, these two approaches, aiming at measuring the mass concentration of micrometer metallic particles in air, are investigated and compared. The experimental setup includes an aerosol source (an ultrasonic nebulizer producing a diluted aerosol of CuSO4 particles); two sampling lines for particle sizes and, for reference concentration measurements, a line for direct LIBS analysis; and a fourth one devoted to filter sampling for subsequent LIBS measurements. Calibration curves were obtained with those two experimental approaches and the results are compared. In terms of sampling particles number, indirect analysis appears to be more efficient than direct analysis for our experimental conditions. Better detection limits were found with direct analysis when comparing the two approaches under similar sampling conditions (analysis time and sampling flow).
Transgenic expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 causes adult-onset emphysema in mice associated with the loss of alveolar elastin (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 has been consistently identified in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its role in the development of the disease remains undefined. Mice that specifically express human MMP-9 in their macrophages were generated, and morphometric, biochemical, and histological analyses were conducted on the transgenic and littermate control mice over 1 yr to determine the effect of macrophage MMP-9 expression on emphysema formation and lung matrix content. Lung morphometry was normal in transgenic mice at 2 mo of age (mean linear intercept = 50+/-3 littermate mice vs. 51+/-2 transgenic mice). However, after 12 mo of age, the MMP-9 transgenic mice developed significant air space enlargement (mean linear intercept = 53+/-3 littermate mice vs. 61+/-2 MMP-9 transgenic mice; P<0.04). Lung hydroxyproline content was not significantly different between wild-type and transgenic mice, but MMP-9 did significantly decrease alveolar wall elastin at 1 yr of age (4.9+/-0.3% area of alveolar wall in the littermate mice vs. 3.3+/-0.3% area of alveolar wall in the MMP-9 mice; P<0.004). Thus these results establish a central role for MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of this disease by demonstrating that expression of this protease in macrophages can alter the extracellular matrix and induce progressive air space enlargement in mice.
A Frequency-based Technique to Improve the Spelling Suggestion Rank in Medical Queries (2004)

Using knowledge about the frequency of a given word's occurrence in the medical domain can significantly improve spelling correction for medical queries.
Improvement of UV-Stability of Porphyrin-Type Humidity Indicator by the Addition of UV-Absorbents (2017)

青ゲルに代わるコバルトフリー湿度検出剤（HDI）を，我々はpHによって顕著な色調変化を示すポルフィリン発色団を用いて開発し，そのUV耐光化について検討を行った．HDIは，MgCl2およびジクロロテトラフェニルポルフィリナトリン塩化物錯体（PTpp）を粒径が2.80–3.35 mmのシリカゲルビーズに含浸し，130°Cで24 h乾燥させて調製した．ここでは，PTppの軸配位子のクロロ基が加水分解されて水酸基に変換され，さらにMgCl2とシリカゲルの反応で発生した酸の存在下で中心金属であるリンの脱離とプロトン付加が起こっている．このようにして，調製したHDIは乾燥下ではテトラフェニルポルフィリンのプロトン付加体によって緑色を呈し，吸湿時には脱プロトンしたテトラフェニルポルフィリンが生成することでオレンジ色に変化した．しかし，開発したHDIを太陽光下で長時間使用すると，部分的に退色する問題があった．そこで，HDIのUV耐光性を向上させるために，紫外線吸収剤であるクマリンおよびジベンゾスベレノンを担持したHDIを調製した．乾燥状態のHDIに1–5 hブラックライト（発光極大波長350 nm）を用いてUV光を照射して退色促進試験を行った．耐光性の評価は，共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いる顕微吸光光度分析によってビーズごとの吸光度を650 nmで測定して，ポルフィリンプロトン付加体の濃度を見積もることで行った．退色反応は一次反応にしたがうと仮定して，速度定数を求めた．同様に湿潤状態でのHDIの耐光性評価は515 nmの吸光度で行った．その結果，0.125 wt%のクマリンまたは0.050 wt%のジベンゾスベレノンの担持によってHDIのUV退色の抑制に成功した．また，UV退色にはポルフィリンプロトン付加体の348 nmの吸収が関係していることが明らかになった．
Oxidation resistant carbon-carbon composite for Space Shuttle application. (1973)

An oxidation resistant carbon-carbon composite has been developed for use on the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter Vehicle which can function on the high temperature surfaces to satisfy the 100 mission reuse capability requirement. This paper describes the design requirements, materials and processes developed, and the successful testing of simulated full-scale prototype hardware. Materials considerations are illustrated, including strength and oxidation testing, along with physical property determinations, characterizing the material over the predicted temperature range of use.
Direct Synthetic Approach to N Aminoimidazole2thiones and Imidazole Derivatives (1997)

In an efficient one-pot/multi-step procedure 1-anilino-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-thiones were prepared starting from ±-haloketones. The structure of the imidazole-2-thiones were studied with NMR techniques. Further reactions were performed using the imidazole-2-thiones as starting material.
Silicon material and JPL Web Team (1985)

Silicon material activities are described. Topics discussed include: fluidized bed technology, model predictions (reaction kinetics and grid design parameters), seed-particle cleaning procedure, runaway nucleation, thermal analysis of dendritic ribbons, and residual stress in dendritic ribbons.
Al-2.52 Epitaxial Crystallization (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Technology transfer of novel ryegrass endophytes in New Zealand (2007)

The adoption of novel endophyte ryegrass in New Zealand has been successful and rapid, with AR1 novel endophyte seed representing 80% of the total ryegrass seed infected with endophyte within 3 years of release. Success was underpinned by a large amount of research into endophytes and the animal production benefits of novel endophytes. Awareness amongst farmers and seed retailers was created by scientists and seed company staff, often with an organised and collaborative campaign. The domination of the market with novel endophytes is likely to increase further with the on-farm success of AR1, and the recent introduction of third-generation endophytes. Keywords: endophyte, ryegrass, technology, transfer, adoption, knowledge, awareness, benefits, validation, research