gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Durability Test Method for a Prosthetic Nucleus (PN) (2003)

Durability is critical for permanent spinal implants. Proposed test methods suggest that prosthetic intervertebral discs (PIDs) having fixation plates for vertebral attachment should be tested at a 45° angle to create combined compression-shear loads. Generally, a prosthetic nucleus (PN) does not have fixation plates and does not transmit shear loads as high as PIDs; thus, loading PNs through fixation plates would not mimic physiological conditions. Currently, most PNs are fatigue tested using compression only. A test method and fixture are proposed for testing a PN in a saline bath at 37 °C under combined compression-flexion-extension loading simulating physiological conditions. A multi-station test fixture, mounted in a servo-pneumatic test frame, was used to conduct the tests under load control. The fixture has a top platen to apply a controlled compression load and a bottom test bed that rotates on a horizontal axis at a set frequency creating a flexion/extension motion. Compression loads were monitored for each station, and the rotation and moment were monitored for the test bed. A software control algorithm coordinated the compression stroke of the test frame with the test bed rotation so that the maximum compression load occurred near the peak rotation angle. The PN compression load range was approximately 200 N–550 N applied at 1.5 Hz, and the test bed rotation was -3.6° to +2.3° to simulate lumbar flexion/extension motion during vigorous walking. The peak compression stress component was approximately 1 MPa, and the peak flexion/extension component was approximately 1 MPa giving a maximum combined stress on the implant edge of 2.0 MPa. Specimens were examined and photographed with magnification, and masses were monitored to assess implant wear. No cracks were observed on any of 6 implants tested to 12.7 million cycles, and the average total mass loss was approximately 6.9 mg (stdev = 4 mg). Testing continues.
Supplemental Figure S2 from Bone-Induced Expression of Integrin β3 Enables Targeted Nanotherapy of Breast Cancer Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Integrin subunit mRNA expression by breast cancer cells grown in vitro&lt;/p&gt;
Detailed Modeling of Wind Turbine Gear Set by General-Purpose Multibody Dynamics (2014)

This work presents the development of a kinematic model of a spur gear pair and the implementation of a hydrodynamic bearing in a multidisciplinary multibody dynamics software. Both models are employed to simulate the behavior of a planetary gear set typically adopted in wind turbines. Geared transmissions have been a popular choice to transmit the rotation of the main rotor to the electrical generator in this type of turbine. Compared to other kinds of transmission, a gearbox is more compact, robust and require low maintenance over its lifetime, which is interesting, since these turbines are usually installed in remote places. The gearbox of a wind turbine is normally composed by a set of spur gears and bearings, assembled in arrangement known as epicyclic. Spur gears generally have an involute profile, which allows a constant transmission of the angular speed. This kinematic constraint between gears is defined by the angle that the surface of their teeth is in contact with. This angle is known as pressure angle and, by design, it should remain constant during operation. However, a variation of the distance between gears changes this angle, which also changes the direction of the transmission of the movement. To account for this effect, the joint is described by the projection of the absolute velocity of the contact point of each gear on the line of action, which is calculated from their position. Another important group of elements are the bearings that support gear and shafts. They can absorb part of the vibration, and compensate misalignments and teeth surface failures. Hydrodynamic bearings are widely employed in turbomachinery, due to their simplicity, long life and good damping properties, which are features that wind turbines can benefit from. Most of the hydrodynamic bearing models are two dimensional, so they have to be adapted to be implemented in a multibody dynamics software. The development of these modifications is also described in this work, so any other hydrodynamic bearing model can be easily adapted using the same procedure. Finally, a model of the wind turbine gearbox is presented, and some of the features of using the aforementioned elements inside a multibody dynamics software can be highlighted.
High resolution ion imaging study of BrCl photolysis in the wavelength range 330–570 nm (2003)

The photodissociation of jet-cooled BrCl molecules has been investigated at many different excitation wavelengths in the range 330–570 nm by velocity map imaging of the ground state Br and ground and spin–orbit excited Cl atom products. Image analysis confirms literature values for the energies of the ground, Br(2P3/2)+Cl(2P3/2), and first excited [Br(2P3/2)+Cl(2P1/2)] dissociation asymptotes, and provides measures of the electronic branching into these two active product channels, and the recoil anisotropy of each set of products, as a function of parent vibrational level (v″⩽2) and excitation wavelength. The availability of such experimental data allows mapping of the partial cross-sections for parallel (i.e., ΔΩ=0) and perpendicular (i.e., ΔΩ=±1) absorption as a function of excitation energy, and thus deconvolution of the room temperature parent absorption spectrum into contributions associated with excitation to the A 3Π(1), B 3Π(0+), and C 1Π(1) excited states of BrCl. This analysis of the continuous absorption spectrum of BrCl, when considered in conjuction with existing spectroscopic data for the ground electronic state and for the bound levels supported by the B state potential, allows determination of key regions of the potential energy curves for, and transition moments to, each of these three excited states. Further wave packet calculations, which reproduce the experimentally measured wavelength dependent product channel branching ratios and product recoil anisotropies very well, serve to validate the excited state potential energy functions so derived and allow estimation of the strength (∼80 cm−1) of the coupling between the bound (B) and dissociative (Y) diabatic states of 0+ symmetry.
Diversity and Expression of MicroRNAs in the Filarial Parasite, Brugia malayi (2014)

Human filarial parasites infect an estimated 120 million people in 80 countries worldwide causing blindness and the gross disfigurement of limbs and genitals. An understanding of RNA-mediated regulatory pathways in these parasites may open new avenues for treatment. Toward this goal, small RNAs from Brugia malayi adult females, males and microfilariae were cloned for deep-sequencing. From ∼ 30 million sequencing reads, 145 miRNAs were identified in the B. malayi genome. Some microRNAs were validated using the p19 RNA binding protein and qPCR. B. malayi miRNAs segregate into 99 families each defined by a unique seed sequence. Sixty-one of the miRNA families are highly conserved with homologues in arthropods, vertebrates and helminths. Of those miRNAs not highly conserved, homologues of 20 B. malayi miRNA families were found in vertebrates. Nine B. malayi miRNA families appear to be filarial-specific as orthologues were not found in other organisms. The miR-2 family is the largest in B. malayi with 11 members. Analysis of the sequences shows that six members result from a recent expansion of the family. Library comparisons found that 1/3 of the B. malayi miRNAs are differentially expressed. For example, miR-71 is 5-7X more highly expressed in microfilariae than adults. Studies suggest that in C.elegans, miR-71 may enhance longevity by targeting the DAF-2 pathway. Characterization of B. malayi miRNAs and their targets will enhance our understanding of their regulatory pathways in filariads and aid in the search for novel therapeutics.
Towards a mechanistic structural design method for surface mine haul roads : technical paper (1996)

The structural design of a pavement relates to the ability of the road to carry the imposed loads without the need for excessive maintenance or premature rehabilitation. The need to develop a practical structural design method for mine haul roads was identified. The aim of the paper is to develop a mechanistic structural design procedure. The current state of mine haul road structural design was assessed through the analysis and quantification of existing pavement structural performance. These pavements were then analysed mechanistically and, through a comparative analysis of the results, the associated limiting design criteria and optimal mechanistic design were deduced. Finally, the benefits of the proposed mechanistic design method were verified by comparison with existing haul road designs.
Die strukturele ontwerp van 'n plaveisel verwys na die vermoe van 'n pad om die las te dra sonder die noodsaaklikheid van buitensporige onderhoud of rehabilitasie. 'n Behoefte is geidentifiseer vir die ontwikkeling van 'n praktiese strukturele ontwerpmetode vir mynvervoerpaaie. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n meganistiese strukturele ontwerpprosedure te ontwikkel. Die huidige toestand van mynvervoerpad- strukturele ontwerp is deur die analisering en kwantifisering van bestaande plaveiselwerkverrigting vasgestel. Hierdie plaveisels is dan met meganistiese metodes geanaliseer en deur 'n vergelykende analisering van die resultate daarvan, word die geassosieerde beperkingsontwerpkriterium en 'n hersiene strukturele ontwerp afgelei. Ten slotte is die voordele van die voortgestelde meganistiese ontwerpmetode geverifieer deur vergelyking met bestaande mynvervoerpad- strukturele ontwerpe.
Non-leachable highly luminescent ordered mesoporous SiO2spherical particles (2010)

Ordered mesoporous highly luminescent SiO2 particles have been synthesized by spray pyrolysis from solutions containing tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or the block copolymer Pluronic F-68 as structure-directing agents. Rhodamine B (RhB)-containing samples were prepared by using a simple wet impregnation method followed by the growing of a second silica shell in order to prevent leaching of the dye. The obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL). Powders with polydisperse spherical grains were obtained displaying an ordered hexagonal array of mesochannels. Luminescence results reveal that RhB molecules have been successfully encapsulated into the channels of mesoporous particles as monomeric species and that a well-defined silica coating hindered dye leaching.
Inter-plane prediction for RGB video coding (2005)

This paper presents an efficient video coding method in RGB space. Generally RGB space is regarded as a bad space from a compression point of view. Each RGB component contains the color information along with luminance information. This redundancy degrades the coding efficiency. To exploit the intercolor redundancy, the RGB space is usually converted into another color space. But it inevitably causes color distortion due to the rounding operation involved. For professional applications it is essential to maintain the original color fidelity. To cope with these problems we propose an inter-plane prediction (IPP) that increases the coding efficiency in RGB space while avoiding color distortion. The proposed IPP exploits the redundancy of the residual images, which exists even after intra/inter prediction in MC-DCT based codec. The simulation results show that by applying the IPP to the MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 4:4:4 codec we can achieve up to 40% higher coding efficiency than that of the coding without IPP option. We also show there exists an achievable PSNR limit if color space conversion is involved. In other words, coding in a given space is important to keep the fidelity of the original data for professional applications.
Aminoalkanohydroxamates. A case of slow proton transfer between electronegative atoms in solution (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminoalkanohydroxamates. A case of slow proton transfer between electronegative atoms in solutionMaria L. BadeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 4, 949–953Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00733a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00733a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Survey of the Use of Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms in Electron Microscopy (2017)

One of the key steps in Electron Microscopy is the tomographic reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) map of the specimen being studied from a set of two-dimensional (2D) projections acquired at the microscope. This tomographic reconstruction may be performed with different reconstruction algorithms that can be grouped into several large families: direct Fourier inversion methods, back-projection methods, Radon methods, or iterative algorithms. In this review, we focus on the latter family of algorithms, explaining the mathematical rationale behind the different algorithms in this family as they have been introduced in the field of Electron Microscopy. We cover their use in Single Particle Analysis (SPA) as well as in Electron Tomography (ET).
Two Housing Systems for Calves (1985)

Thirty-six male Holstein calves were in an experiment with 2 X 2 factorial design with the objective of comparing management systems and milk feeding. Housing systems were similar except calves on A system were housed in pens .66 m wide with grated floors whereas calves on B system were in pens that were 1.36 m wide with solid floors bedded with straw. Within each management system nine calves were fed milk at 8% of body weight and nine calves at 12% of body weight. There was no interaction between management system and feeding percent. Preweaning calves fed more milk gained faster (.64 versus .50 kg/day) compared with calves fed less. Management system did not influence body weight gain or feed conversion prior to weaning, but postweaning A system resulted in slower gains (.74 versus .90 kg/day) and less favorable feed conversion (2.00 versus 1.77 kg dry matter intake/kg body weight gain) than calves housed under the B system. Eosinophil count was higher during 5th and 7th wk of the experiment for calves housed in A compared with B system. Measurements of body weight gain and feed conversion were effective in differentiating between two housing systems for calves.
Genetic History of Hepatitis C Virus in Venezuela: High Diversity and Long Time of Evolution of HCV Genotype 2 (2010)

Assuming the introduction of G2j from Africa during the slave trade, the high frequency of G2j found in Venezuela could suggest: 1- the introduction of African ethnic groups different from the ones introduced to Martinique or 2- the occurrence of a founder effect. This study represents an in-depth analysis of the subtype diversity of HCV in Venezuela, which is still unexplored in the Americas and deserves further studies.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR (4+2) CYCLOADDITIONS AS A GENERAL STRATEGY FOR ALKALOID SYNTHESIS. A NOVEL FORMAL SYNTHESIS OF LYCORINE (1983)

Abstract Phenylacetaldehyd (I) und Benzylamin (II) reagieren zum Imin (III), das mit dem Säurechlorid (IV) zu einem Acylderivat (V) substituiert wird.
Toward Integrated Digital Aircraft Control Systems: For Electrified-System Optimized Size, Cost, and Efficiency (2017)

Today's complex aerospace applications demand embedded computing systems that are capable of reliable data transfer and retrieval in optimized power, size, and mass formats. The computing systems are required to be low in cost and ready for deployment across a range of aircraft platforms. Many aircraft controllers employ embedded computing frameworks to perform and execute commands for various systems and subsystems.
A First Step Toward Completion of a Genome-Wide Characterization of the Human Proteome (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTA First Step Toward Completion of a Genome-Wide Characterization of the Human ProteomeGyorgy Marko-Varga†, Gilbert S. Omenn‡, Young-Ki Paik*§, and William S. Hancock*∥View Author Information† Lund University, Lund, Sweden‡ Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States§ Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea∥ Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States*William S. Hancock ([email protected]) at 1-617-869-8458 (Tel) and 617-373-2855 (Fax) or Young-Ki Paik ([email protected]) at 82-2-2123-4242 (Tel) and 82-2-393-6589 (Fax).Cite this: J. Proteome Res. 2013, 12, 1, 1–5Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2012Publication History Published online20 December 2012Published inissue 4 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/pr301183ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/pr301183aeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2710Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Genomics,Mass spectrometry,Peptides and proteins,Protein identification,Proteomics Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in stably transfected rat pituitary cells. (1992)

We showed previously that the level of TRH receptor (TRH-R) mRNA in rat pituitary GH3 cells is down-regulated by TRH. Here, we study the mechanism of regulation of TRH-R mRNA in a line of GH3 cells that are stably transfected with mouse pituitary TRH-R cDNA (GH-mTRHR-1 cells). GH-mTRHR-1 cells were found to have 2.4 times the number of TRH-Rs and to stimulate a 2.5-fold greater increase in inositol phosphates in response to TRH than the parent cell line and to show TRH-induced down-regulation of TRH-R number. GH-mTRHR-1 cells contained 26 +/- 1.6 molecules of mouse TRH-R mRNA/cell and 230 +/- 31 molecules of mRNA for the neomycin resistance gene (NEO) with which it was cotransfected. In GH-mTRHR-1 cells, TRH caused a dose-dependent transient decrease in mouse TRH-R mRNA, with a nadir to 20% of control levels after 6 h. In contrast, TRH did not affect NEO mRNA or glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA, an endogenous gene product. TRH stimulated the rate of transcription of mouse TRH-R DNA by approximately 2-fold, but did not affect total poly(A) RNA synthesis. Most importantly, TRH caused a 4-fold increase in the rate of degradation of mouse TRH-R mRNA, but did not affect degradation of GAPDH mRNA. The half-lives of mouse TRH-R and GAPDH mRNAs were 3 and more than 20 h in control cells and 0.75 and more than 20 h in cells treated with 1 microM TRH for 1.5 h, respectively. These data show that the predominant effect of TRH on mouse TRH-R mRNA in GH-mTRHR-1 cells is to enhance the rate of its degradation. We suggest, therefore, that down-regulation of TRH-R mRNA caused by TRH in the parent GH3 cell line is secondary to increased TRH-R mRNA degradation.
Optimization of Liquid Fermentation Conditions and Protein Nutrition Evaluation of Mycelium from the Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) (2016)

Cordyceps militaris is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom. In this study, the mycelium of C. militaris was cultured using liquid fermentation technology and the culture medium components were optimized by the orthogonal test method. Our results showed that the optimal medium combination for the mycelium growth is 3% glucose, 3% peptone, 0.1% MgSO4, and 0.2% KH2PO4 The international general nutritional assessment method was applied to the overall evaluation of the protein nutrition value of submerged cultivated mycelium and fruit body of C. militaris. The protein contents in C. militaris mycelium and fruit body are 21.10% and 18.47%, respectively. The first limiting amino acids of C. militaris mycelium and fruit bodies are the sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine), and the second limiting amino acid is isoleucine. The quality of amino acids from submerged cultivated mycelium and fruit body from C. militaris was also evaluated by amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), essential amino acid index (EAAI), biological value (BV), nutritional index (NI), and score of ratio coefficient of amino acid (SRCAA). Our data demonstrate that AAS, CS, EAAI, BV, NI, and SRCAA scores of the submerged cultivated mycelium proteins are 62.41, 38.74, 88.37, 84.63, 18.61, and 25.57, respectively, whereas the fruit body proteins are 37.11, 34.59, 61.92, 55.79, 11.44, and 68.51, respectively. The protein content of C. militaris mycelium has higher nutrition value than that of fruit body protein, which holds the promise for future further development. Our study provides the optimal culture conditions and the essential nutritional information of medicinal species, C. militaris.