gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidance and Control Software Project Data - Volume 4: Configuration Management and Quality Assurance Documents (2008)

The Guidance and Control Software (GCS) project was the last in a series of software reliability studies conducted at Langley Research Center between 1977 and 1994. The technical results of the GCS project were recorded after the experiment was completed. Some of the support documentation produced as part of the experiment, however, is serving an unexpected role far beyond its original project context. Some of the software used as part of the GCS project was developed to conform to the RTCA/DO-178B software standard, "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification," used in the civil aviation industry. That standard requires extensive documentation throughout the software development life cycle, including plans, software requirements, design and source code, verification cases and results, and configuration management and quality control data. The project documentation that includes this information is open for public scrutiny without the legal or safety implications associated with comparable data from an avionics manufacturer. This public availability has afforded an opportunity to use the GCS project documents for DO-178B training. This report provides a brief overview of the GCS project, describes the 4-volume set of documents and the role they are playing in training, and includes configuration management and quality assurance documents from the GCS project. Volume 4 contains six appendices: A. Software Accomplishment Summary for the Guidance and Control Software Project; B. Software Configuration Index for the Guidance and Control Software Project; C. Configuration Management Records for the Guidance and Control Software Project; D. Software Quality Assurance Records for the Guidance and Control Software Project; E. Problem Report for the Pluto Implementation of the Guidance and Control Software Project; and F. Support Documentation Change Reports for the Guidance and Control Software Project.
The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases (2007)

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is related to central nervous system diseases. Epidemiological studies show a positive, dose-dependent relationship between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration and neurodegenerative disease risk. tHcy is a marker of B-vitamin (folate, B(12), B(6)) status. Hypomethylation, caused by low B-vitamin status and HHcy, is linked to key pathomechanisms of dementia; B-vitamin supplementation could potentially reduce neurological damage. In retrospective studies, the association between tHcy and cognition is impressive; there is also evidence that tHcy-lowering treatment could be effective in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Increased tHcy and low serum folate occur in patients with Parkinson's disease, especially those receiving L-dopa. There is also an association between HHcy and multiple sclerosis, and between B-vitamin status and depression. Studies also confirm a causal role for tHcy in epilepsy, and certain anti-epileptics enhance HHcy. B-vitamin status should be optimized by ensuring sufficient intake in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. HHcy occurs commonly in the elderly and can contribute to age-related neurodegeneration. Treatment with folic acid, B(12) and B(6) lowers tHcy. For secondary and primary prevention from several neuropsychiatric disorders, it seems prudent to actively identify deficient subjects and ensure sufficient vitamin intake.
Selective Area Chemical Vapor Deposition of Si[sub 1−x]Ge[sub x] Thin Film Alloys by the Alternating Cyclic Method: Experimental Data: I. Deposition Parameters (2000)

Alternating cyclic (AC), selective area deposition of thin and thick films, 0.1 to 3.5 μm, via the reaction of , , and using Ar as a carrier gas, was carried out in a hot‐wall, low pressure epitaxial reactor, using oxide masked silicon wafers. The AC process is based on the existence of an embedded disproportionation reaction within the overall deposition chemistry, which provides an effective mechanism for preventing the formation of nuclei in the areas where deposition is not desired. This disproportionation reaction is made dominant cyclically, by pulsing the hydrogen on and off periodically, in order to eliminate incipient nucleation. Experiments were carried out over a large portion of the available parameter space, as determined by extensive thermodynamic analyses, using a reference non‐AC process as a control, and comparing the results with different AC frequencies. The mole fractions used were 0.0012, 0.0025. 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05, the temperature was varied from 700 to 950°C, and the ratio varied from 1 to 9. The range of alloy composition deposited was from 0 to 30 mol %, Ge. Total gas flow rate was varied from 2 standard liters per min (slpm) to 20 slpm to modulate gas hydrodynamics. To varying degrees, various experimental conditions influenced the tendency for formation of spurious nuclei on the oxide surface. However, under all conditions, the AC technique was capable of preventing the formation of spurious nuclei on the oxide, guaranteeing essentially 100% selectivity control, for both nonimplanted wafers and ion‐implanted wafers. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Increased circulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) activity in endotoxin‐challenged mice pretreated with anti‐IL‐6 antibody is due to IL‐6 accumulated in antigen‐antibody complexes (1993)

Mice pretreated with monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody and then challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), paradoxically develop higher levels of circulating biological IL-6 activity, as measured by the hybridoma growth promotion assay, than mice similarly challenged but not pretreated with antibody. Here we provide evidence that this increased biological activity was entirely accounted for by the presence of increased amounts of IL-6 protein, which could be isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and subsequently visualized after gel electrophoresis. Chromatography on a protein G matrix and a sandwich ELISA allowed to demonstrate that all IL-6 present in the serum was in the form of antigen-antibody complexes. Serum samples of antibody-treated animals which contained the highest biological activity typically contained near equimolar concentrations of IL-6 and antibody. In vitro neutralization tests with pure antibody and IL-6 demonstrated that, with both antibodies tested, more than 1000-fold molar excess of antibody is needed for neutralization in the hybridoma growth assay. It is concluded that increased biological activity in serum of the anti-IL-6 antibody-treated mice is due to sequestration of the endogenous IL-6 in the form of antigen-antibody complexes which, due to the lack of sufficient antibody excess, produce nearly full activity in the hybridoma growth assay.
Structure-Property Relationship of Blends of Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate and Epoxidized Natural Rubber (1995)

The properties of blends of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) have been studied in relation to their structures by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis. FTIR spectra of the blends of EVA and ENR show weak dipole-dipole interactions. These blends are incompatible as determined from the dynamic mechanical analysis and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy studies. In order to understand the influence of interaction between the polymers, the properties of blends of ENR with other reactive polymers such as ethylene-methylacrylate (EMA) and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), have been compared. The higher values of tensile strength and modulus of ENR/EAA are due to the higher level of interaction.
ChangeDAR (2018)

Given electrical sensors placed on the power grid, how can we automatically determine when electrical components (e.g. power lines) fail? Or, given traffic sensors which measure the speed of vehicles passing over them, how can we determine when traffic accidents occur? Both these problems involve detecting change points in a set of sensors on the nodes or edges of a graph. To this end, we propose ChangeDAR (Change Detection And Resolution), which detects changes in an online manner, and reports when and where the change occurred in the graph.
Using Nanoparticle Optics Assay for Direct Observation of the Function of Antimicrobial Agents in Single Live Bacterial Cells (2003)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been reported in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, underscoring the challenge of design and screening of more efficacious new drugs. For instance, the efflux pump of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative bacteria) can extrude a variety of structurally and functionally diverse substrates, which leads to MDR. In this study, we present a new platform that studies modes of action of antibiotics in living bacterial cells (P. aeruginosa), in real-time, at nanometer scale and single-cell resolution using nanoparticle optics and single living cell imaging. The color index of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (violet, blue, green, and red) is used as the sized index (30 +/- 10, 50 +/- 10, 70 +/- 10, and 90 +/- 10 nm) for real-time measurement of sized transformation of the cell wall and membrane permeability at the nanometer scale. We have demonstrated that the number of Ag nanoparticles accumulated in cells increases as the aztreonam (AZT) concentration increases and as incubation time increases, showing that AZT induces the sized transformation of membrane permeability and the disruption of the cell wall. The results demonstrate that nanoparticle optics assay can be used as a new powerful tool for real-time characterization of modes of action of antimicrobial agents in living cells at the nanometer scale. Furthermore, studies of mutants of WT bacteria (nalB-1 and DeltaABM), suggest that an efflux pump (MexA-MexB-OprM) effectively extrudes substrates (nanoparticles) out of the cells, indicating that the MDR mechanism involves the induction of changes in membrane permeability and the intrinsic pump machinery.
Studies Designed to Increase the Stability and Antiviral Activity (HCMV) of the Active Benzimidazole Nucleoside, TCRB (1999)

The potent activity of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB) against Human Cytomegalovirus with the concomitant low cellular toxicity at concentrations that inhibit viral growth prompted considerable interest in this research area. This interest was moderated by the pharmacokinetic studies of TCRB in rats and monkeys that revealed the instability of TCRB in vivo. These studies suggested that the instability was due to a cleavage of the glycosidic bond in vivo which released the heterocycle (2,5,6-trichlorobenzimidazole) into the bloodstream. This prompted us to initiate synthetic studies designed to increase the stability of the glycosidic bond of TCRB and BDCRB. Several synthetic approaches to address this and other problems are presented.
Stress Relaxation Behavior of Wheat Dough, Gluten, and Gluten Protein Fractions (2003)

ABSTRACT Relaxation behavior was measured for dough, gluten and gluten protein fractions obtained from the U.K. biscuitmaking flour, Riband, and the U.K. breadmaking flour, Hereward. The relaxation spectrum, in which relaxation times (τ) are related to polymer molecular size, for dough showed a broad molecular size distribution, with two relaxation processes: a major peak at short times and a second peak at times longer than 10 sec, which is thought to correspond to network structure, and which may be attributed to entanglements and physical cross‐links of polymers. Relaxation spectra of glutens were similar to those for the corresponding doughs from both flours. Hereward gluten clearly showed a much more pronounced second peak in relaxation spectrum and higher relaxation modulus than Riband gluten at the same water content. In the gluten protein fractions, gliadin and acetic acid soluble glutenin only showed the first relaxation process, but gel protein clearly showed both the first and second relaxation processes. The results show that the relaxation properties of dough depend on its gluten protein and that gel protein is responsible for the network structure for dough and gluten.
A decision support system using judgmental modeling: a case of R&D in the pharmaceutical industry (1991)

The development of a computerized decision support system for R&D project ranking, monitoring and control in the pharmaceutical industry is described. Using a series of techniques based on a judgmental modeling approach, an overall system has been developed that covers several different aspects of the whole decision making process. Illustrative examples are given to show how the components of the model are used in practice, indicating their place in the overall management process. The results provide evidence supporting the value of such models which help reduce ambiguity by using structured approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Formal Enantioselective Synthesis of (–)-Epiquinamide by Proline-Catalyzed One-Pot Sequential α-Amination/Propargylation of Aldehyde and Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefin (2016)

Two independent routes to the formal synthesis of (–)-epiquinamide, have been described: the first route utilizes an <b> <sc>l</sc> </b>-proline-catalyzed one-pot sequential α-amination/propargylation of aldehyde, while the second one employs asymmetric dihydroxylation as the key reaction to install the stereochemistry. While the first synthesis was accomplished in nine steps with 24.4% overall yield and dr 9:1, the second strategy resulted in the synthesis in eight steps with 36.4% overall yield and with perfect enantiocontrol.
Optical characterization of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser for a coherent population trapping frequency reference (2008)

Characterization of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser source for a frequency reference that uses coherent population trapping with atomic rubidium is reported. The frequency reference requires a low-noise laser that operates in a single transverse mode at 794.7nm. We show that biasing the laser at low output power and modulating it at higher frequency than its low relaxation oscillation frequency are necessary to obtain symmetric modulation sidebands and improve the long-term performance of the frequency reference.
Sequence Selective Cleavage of a DNA Octanucleotide by Chlorinated Bithiazoles and Bleomycins (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSequence Selective Cleavage of a DNA Octanucleotide by Chlorinated Bithiazoles and BleomycinsGuy Zuber, James C. Quada, and Sidney M. HechtView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Biology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 36, 9368–9369Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1998Publication History Received3 June 1998Published online28 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981937rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981937rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Irradiation,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Influence of the geometry parameters of cardan joint rolling parts on the load distribution (2012)

Cardan joints have a wide range of applications in mechanical engineering because of the capability of transferring the load and motion from one shaft to another with different joint angle. The vital parts of these joints have a limited life due to insufficient surface strength in the area of rolling parts contact. Load distribution of Cardan joints composite parts have a major impact on their capacity and service life. Therefore, a detailed analysis of load distribution along the line of contact between Cardan Cross pins and rolling parts - needles, was carried out in this paper. Appropriate analytical and numerical models are developed. Based on the developed models, it is possible to optimize the geometrical parameters in terms of uniformity of load distribution of Cardan joints component in contact.
Advancing One Health Policy and Implementation through the Concept of One Medicine One Science (2015)

Numerous interspecies disease transmission events, Ebola virus being a recent and cogent example, highlight the complex interactions between human, animal, and environmental health and the importance of addressing medicine and health in a comprehensive scientific manner. The diversity of information gained from the natural, social, behavioral, and systems sciences is critical to developing and sustainably promoting integrated health approaches that can be implemented at the local, national, and international levels to meet grand challenges. The Concept of One Medicine One Science (COMOS) as outlined herein describes the interplay between scientific knowledge that underpins health and medicine and efforts toward stabilizing local systems using 2 linked case studies: the food system and emerging infectious disease. Forums such as the International Conference of One Medicine One Science (iCOMOS), where science and policy can be debated together, missing pieces identified, and science-based collaborations formed among industry, governmental, and nongovernmental policy makers and funders, is an essential step in addressing global health. The expertise of multiple disciplines and research foci to support policy development is critical to the implementation of one health and the successful achievement of global health security goals.
Antifungal properties of essential oil of Mentha spicata L. var. MSS-5 (2006)

Studies on various antifungal properties of essential oil of Mentha spicata L.var. MSS-5 showed cidal effect on mycelial growth of test fungi viz., 1100ppm against Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm, 1000ppm against Penicillum digitatum Sacc and Pyricularia oryzae Cavara and 700ppm against Alternaria alternata (fr.) Keissler. Oil was found to be thermo stable upto 80°C and remained active upto 24 months at room temperature, it possessed quick fungicidal action, activity on broad pH range, broad fungitoxic spectrum. Its volatile vapours was also found fungitoxic at 2200ppm concentration.
Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity in the action of antidepressants and morphine (2007)

Neuronal plasticity is a well characterized phenomenon in the developing and adult brain. It refers to capasity of a single neuron to modify morphology, synaptic connections and activity. Neuronal connections and capacity for plastic events are compromised in several pathological disorders, such as major depression. In addition, neuronal atrophy has been reported in depressive patients. Neurotrophins are a group of secretory proteins functionally classified as neuronal survival factors. Neurotrophins, especially brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have also been associated with promoting neuronal plasticity in dysfunctional neuronal networks. Chronic antidepressant treatment increases plastic events including neurogenesis and arborization and branching of neurites in distinct brain areas, such as the hippocampus. One suggested mode of action is where the antidepressants elevate the synaptic levels of BDNF thus further activating several signaling cascades via trkB-receptor. In our studies we have tried to clarify the mechanisms of action for antidepressants and to resolve the role of BDNF in this process. We found that chronic antidepressant treatment increases amount of markers of neuronal plasticity in both hippocampus and in the medial prefrontal cortex, both of which are closely linked to the etiology of major depression. Secondary actions of antidepressants include rapid activation of the trkB receptor followed by a phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB. In addition, activation of CREB by phosphorylation appears responsible for the regulation of the expression of the BDNF gene. Using transgenic mice we found that BDNF-induced trkB-mediated signaling proved crucial for the behavioral effects of antidepressants in the forced swimming test and for the survival of newly-born neurons in the adult hippocampus. Antidepressants not only increased neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus but also elevated the turnover of hippocampal neurons. During these studies we also discovered that another trkB ligand, NT-4, is involved in morphine-mediated anti-nociception and tolerance. These results present a novel role for trkB-mediated signaling in plastic events present in the opioid system. This thesis evaluates neuronal plasticity and trkB as a target for future antidepressant treatments.
Ovarian Development and Ovulation in Hens Treated with Synthetic (Porcine) Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone/Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH/FSH-RH) (1973)

Thirty five hens were equally divided into seven groups and injected intramuscularly with various doses of synthetic LH-RH/FSH-RH following the terminal egg of an ovulatory sequence (tC egg), as determined by previous oviposition pattern. The birds were maintained on a daily photoperiod of 14 hr. light starting at 0800 hr. and all injections were performed at 1800 hr. on the tC day. Ovulation induced prematurely by 6–9 hr. on the first day of a clutch (tC day) was detected by presence of a soft-shelled egg in either the magnum or uterus. Levels of LH-RH/FSH-RH injected into each of five birds in each group as follows: 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 μg. The number of premature ovulations induced by the treatments of LH-RH/FSH-RH were 0/5, 0/5, 3/5, 4/5, 3/5, 5/5 and 5/5, respectively. Nonovulatory hens maintained on a daily photoperiod of 6 hr. light were injected subcutaneously for 14 consecutive days with either 3.4 μg. LH-RH/FSH-RH or an equal volume (0.5 ml.) of saline. The birds were sacrificed on day 15 for observation of ovarian changes. No significant differences were noted between LH-RH/FSH-RH and saline injected hens in either largest ovarian follicular diameter, follicle diameter of ten largest follicles or ovarian weight.