gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemically induced radical-cation Diels-Alder reaction of indole and electron-rich dienes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemically induced radical-cation Diels-Alder reaction of indole and electron-rich dienesAndreas Gieseler, Eberhard Steckhan, Olaf Wiest, and Falk KnochCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4, 1405–1411Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00004a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00004a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1367Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Terpenoids. LXVII. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. VII. Interrelation of seychellogenin and lanosterol through lanostane-3.beta.,11.beta.,18-triol (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids. LXVII. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. VII. Interrelation of seychellogenin and lanosterol through lanostane-3.beta.,11.beta.,18-triolPeter Roller, Bernard Tursch, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 8, 2585–2593Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00833a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00833a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
H2 reduction of Gd- and Sm-doped ceria compared to pure CeO2 at high temperatures: effect on structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, hydrogen solubility and hydroxyl chemistry (2018)

The effect of Gd- and Sm-doping on pure CeO2 with respect to crystal structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, hydrogen solubility and hydroxyl chemistry in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperatures was studied using a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed methods (such as reduction, desorption and oxidation), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). In particular, Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ (GDC10) and Sm0.15Ce0.85O2-δ (SDC15) were compared to pure CeO2. After H2 reduction of GDC10/SDC15/CeO2 at 900 °C, two distinct phases form, which differ from each other in terms of oxygen nonstoichiometry. One phase is only slightly reduced and maintains a cubic fluorite unit cell. The other phase is strongly oxygen depleted and changes its lattice to triclinic. Enrichment or depletion of the dopants in the two phases upon reduction was not observed. No evidence for a long-range ordered cerium hydride could be found, despite the fact that all samples clearly incorporate hydrogen during the reduction procedure. Generally, the treatment of all three samples with flowing H2 at 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C causes the oxygen deficiency and the amount of bound hydrogen to increase with reduction temperature. Acceptor doping, thus, promotes hydrogen incorporation, but it at the same time decreases the amount of reactive oxygen. In conclusion, the study of hydroxyl chemistry shows that doping CeO2 with Gd or Sm creates binding sites for reactive hydroxyl groups that are not observed for pure CeO2. The distinct infrared absorption peak at ca. 2127 cm-1 - which originates from an electronic transition of Ce3+ (2F5/2 → 2F7/2) - is a viable indicator for the reduction degree of all three specimens.
Integrated Silicon Photonic Laser Sources for Telecom and Datacom (2013)

We demonstrate record performance heterogeneously integrated telecom wavelength and datacom wavelength lasers, processed simultaneously on the same wafer. Tunable lasers for telecom applications and uncooled 2x8 WDM laser arrays for datacom applications are presented.
Observation of impulsively excited THz acoustical vibrations in PbTe quantum dots (2002)

Summary form only given.We have investigated the femtosecond nonlinear dynamics of PbTe quantum dots grown in a glass matrix and observed impulsive excitation of acoustic resonances of the dots. We have further studied the wavelength dependence of the amplitude, frequency, and damping rate of these phonons. Such data, in conjunction with absorption spectra and femtosecond spectroscopic studies, may provide a new and interesting method for evaluating the size distributions of nanocrystallites.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurotransmitters, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Alzheimer’s and Lewy Body Diseases (2021)

CSF alterations in NA, HVA, and VEGF in AD and LBD may reflect pathogenic features of these disorders and provide tools for improved diagnosis. Future studies are warranted to replicate current findings in larger, multicenter cohorts.
Abstract 4833: Protective Effect of a Quinazoline-Type Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase Inhibitor Against the Development of Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure (2008)

Purpose: Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a suitable model for studies of hypertension and consequential left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure. It is known, that activation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase enzyme (PARP) plays a role in the development of postinfarction myocardial remodeling. In our work we examined the effect of a PARP inhibitor (L-2286) against the development of hypertensive cardiopathy and heart failure in SHRs. Methods: Male 6-week-old SHR rats were treated with L-2286 (n=32, SHR-L) or placebo (n=32, SHR-C) for 50 weeks. Male CFY rats were used as aged-matched, normotensive controls (n=7, CFY). The phosphorylation state of signal transduction proteins were monitored by Western blotting. To detect the extent of fibrosis, histologic samples were stained with Masson’s trichrome. Plasma BNP activity was also determined. Before the study, after 24 weeks, and at the end of the treatment period echocardiography was performed. Results: L-2286 treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of the prosurvival factors Akt-1/GSK-3β and PKC ϵ (p&lt;0.01), while phosphorylation of JNK, p-38 MAPK, PKC pan (p&lt;0.01), PKC α/β, δ (p&lt;0.05) were significantly ameliorated in SHR-L group. Interstitial collagen accumulation and plasma BNP activity were significantly elevated (p&lt;0.05) in SHR-L and SHR-C groups compared to the CFY group. These parameters were improved due to L-2286 treatment (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05, respectively). Echocardiography showed that the measured parameters did not differ significantly among the three groups at baseline. After 24 weeks, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and LV wall thickness increased (p&lt;0.05 SHR-L and SHR-C vs. CFY). All these parameters decreased by L-2286 treatment (p&lt;0.05 SHR-L vs. SHR-C). At the end of the study in SHR-L group LV hypertrophy with preserved LV ejection fraction, however in the SHR-C group an excentric hypertrophy with poor systolic function was observable. As a hard endpoint, the survival rate was significantly better in SHR-L group (p&lt;0.05) compared to SHR-C group. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PARP inhibition has a beneficial effect against the development of LV hypertrophy and heart failure in SHRs, due to the activation of PKC ϵ, and Akt-1/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
<title>Fast efficient algorithms for 3x3 ranked filters using finite-state machines</title> (1998)

Median filters and ranked filters of ranks other than median have often been proposed or used to remove image noise as well as for other reasons. These are nonlinear operations, and often have relative long execution times, making them unsatisfactory for many speed-critical industrial applications. This paper builds on the earlier work of Mahmoodi and Waltz to provide efficient implementations of 3 X 3 ranked filters of ranks 1 (minimum), 2, 3, 4, 5 (median), 6, 7, 8, and 9 (maximum). These implementations are based on a partial realization of the SKIPSM (Separated- Kernel Image Processing using finite-State Machines) paradigm. A full SKIPSM realization is not possible because, except for the filters of ranks 1 and 9, these operations are not separable. This paper shows that, in spite of this lack of separability, the finite-state machine aspect of SKIPSM can be used to advantage. The emphasis is on software implementations, but implementation is pipelined hardware have also been demonstrated. In addition, a fast `full- SKIPSM' implementation of a slightly different ranked filter, sometimes called the `separable median' filter, is presented. This filter guarantees that the output pixels are of rank 4, 5, or 6. For typical noise-reduction applications, it is difficult to find a convincing argument that this filter is inferior in any meaningful way to the true median filter.
Knowledge evolution in active database systems via fuzzy constraint management (1998)

This dissertation addresses the problem of analyzing and making recommendations to a database administrator concerning how to incorporate new rule knowledge into an existing set of active database rules. The Propose-Evaluate-Modify (PEM) methodology postulated uses a network of relative goal priorities, activated by means of fuzzy measures of membership, to dynamically control knowledge base evolution patterned along the task paradigm. Each new knowledge candidate (KC) is evaluated using a constraint-based approach derived from three general categories of meta-knowledge: database issues, knowledge issues, and database domain knowledge, culminating in a disposition recommendation.
The primary contributions of this research are (1) the compilation and proposed solution of knowledge and database issues, (2) a novel process architecture which establishes adaptive goal-directed processing targets activated by the nature of the KC's relevancy, (3) a fuzzy logic inspired approach that relates degrees of preference between an incoming KC's semantics and the current state of the knowledge base, consequently making a KC disposition recommendation based on its relevance to the knowledge base, (4) a rule model specifying a well-defined rule syntax and semantics for investigation purposes, and (5) the specification of an execution model for transition-based computation. The area of active database research pertaining to design methodologies and tools contains no known published efforts that attempt to perform these tasks.
Further contributions build on earlier researchers' work and include extension of a conceptual distance measure to provide unified intra- and inter-cluster goodness of fit metrics, and increasing the utility of a clustering algorithm by performing a sensitivity analysis of its thresholding parameter.
The PEM methodology views the existing knowledge base's rule components as a set of objects in various relationships with one another and verifies that a new KC does not violate either these relationships or the constraints. The final outcome of this method, either including or rejecting the proposed knowledge candidate, is accomplished by either incorporating it in the knowledge base as an add, change, or delete action, or completely prohibiting it from inclusion in the knowledge base. Several proof-of-concept prototypes of key aspects of the methodology have been implemented.
Enhancing CRISPR-Cas9 gRNA efficiency prediction by data integration and deep learning (2021)

The design of CRISPR gRNAs requires accurate on-target efficiency predictions, which demand high-quality gRNA activity data and efficient modeling. To advance, we here report on the generation of on-target gRNA activity data for 10,592 SpCas9 gRNAs. Integrating these with complementary published data, we train a deep learning model, CRISPRon, on 23,902 gRNAs. Compared to existing tools, CRISPRon exhibits significantly higher prediction performances on four test datasets not overlapping with training data used for the development of these tools. Furthermore, we present an interactive gRNA design webserver based on the CRISPRon standalone software, both available via https://rth.dk/resources/crispr/ . CRISPRon advances CRISPR applications by providing more accurate gRNA efficiency predictions than the existing tools.
Treatment of peri‐implantitis using multiple applications of chlorhexidine chips: a double‐blind, randomized multi‐centre clinical trial (2012)

Frequent placement of PerioC and MatrixC together with implants debridement resulted in a substantial improvement in sites with peri-implantitis. Further studies will be required to fully appreciate the mechanism of this treatment.
Fingerabdrücke von DNA‐Polymerasen: mehrfache simultane Enzym‐Charakterisierung auf DNA‐Arrays (2009)

Abstract Auf den Punkt gebracht : Eine neue Screening‐Methode beruht auf einem Oligonucleotide adressierenden Enzymassay, der die simultane Mehrfachcharakterisierung unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften von DNA‐Polymerasen in Nanoliter‐Reaktionsräumen ermöglicht (siehe Schema). Aus einer kleinen Bibliothek von Proteinmutanten wurden mithilfe dieser Methode Enzyme mit veränderten Eigenschaften identifiziert. magnified image
Thermal conductivity of ZnO thin film produced by reactive sputtering (2012)

ZnO thin films have been produced by reactive sputtering with different oxygen contents in the sputtering gas. As a result of transmission electronic microscopy observation, each film consist of two layers: an interfacial layer close to the substrate, with a thickness of about 200 nm, composed of very fine crystal grains and an upper layer above the interfacial layer, composed of column-shaped grains aligned along the out-plane direction. The grain diameter ranges from 35 to 100 nm depending on the oxygen partial pressure. The in-plane and out-plane thermal conductivity have been measured at room temperature. The out-plane thermal conductivity of the interfacial layer is 2.3 W m−1 K−1, independent on the oxygen partial pressure. The out-plane thermal conductivity of the upper layer is 5.4, 7.1, and 4.0 W m−1 K−1, and the in-plane thermal conductivity 4.86, 6.01, and 2.66 W m−1 K−1, for the O2 30%, 60%, and 90% ZnO film, respectively. Both out-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity decrease with the decrease of grain diameter. The thermal conductance of grain boundary has been estimated with the phonon diffusion mismatch model, and the intrinsic thermal conductivity within ZnO grains has been calculated with a cylinder-structured composite model. The result shows that the thermal conductivity of the ZnO thin films is dominated by the intrinsic thermal conductivity, which is a function of grain size.
Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of α,β-Enones, Arynes, and Activated Alkynes with Fluorinated Sulfones: Probing the Hard/Soft Nature of Fluorinated Carbanions (2008)

We have successfully accomplished the nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of alpha,beta-enones, arynes, and activated alkynes with fluorinated sulfones. It was found that for acylic alpha,beta-enones, although the reaction medium and the structure of the enones can all influence the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic alkylation reactions, the hard/soft nature of the carbanions played a major role. By using the 1,4- and 1,2-addition product ratio as a probe to determine the hard/soft nature of the above-mentioned four halogenated carbanions, the order of the softness of these carbanions can be given as follows: [(PhSO2)2CF(-)] (20) approximately = PhSO2CCl2(-) (32) > PhSO2CHF(-) (31) > PhSO2CF2(-) (30). In the case of fluoroalkylation of aryne (35 as the precursor) and alpha,beta-acetylenic ketones 46 with fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (21), fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methylated arenes 36 and beta-fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methylated alpha,beta-enones 47 were obtained as the corresponding products in good yields. During the reaction between 2-fluoro-2-(phenylsulfonyl)acetophenone (34) and arynes or activated alkynes 46, an intramolecular tandem reaction process leads to the formation of acyl-fluoroalkylated arenes 43 or alpha-acyl-beta-fluoroalkylated alpha,beta-enones 48. It turned out that the softness of a fluorine-bearing carbanion (such as 20 or 33 derived from 21 or 34) plays a crucial role for the success of the nucleophilic fluoroalkylation reactions with arynes and some activated alkynes (alpha,beta-acetylenic ketones).
Minimum-effort successive cancellation list decoding of polar codes. (2020)

Polar codes are linear block codes that can achieve channel capacity at infinite code length. Successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding relies on a set of parallel decoders; it yields good error-correction performance at finite code length, at the cost of increased implementation complexity and power consumption. Current efforts in literature focus on design-time decoder complexity reduction, while lacking practical run-time power reduction methods. In this work, we propose minimum-effort SCL (ME-SCL) decoding, that allows to determine the parallelism to adopt by performing simple observations on the input of the decoder. This technique guarantees fixed latency and allows hardware SCL decoders to dynamically shut down part of the internal parallelism before each decoding process. It can be combined with existing complexity- and power- reduction techniques. Simulation results show that ME-SCL can reduce the run-time complexity of SCL of up to 50\%.
Efficient and Eco-Friendly Preparation of 4-Methyl-5-formyl-thiazole (2008)

4-Methyl-5-formylthiazole, an intermediate for synthesizing cefditoren pivoxil,was prepared in good yield by Pd/BaSO(4) catalyzed hydrogenation of 4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid chloride. Detailed reaction conditions have been studied.
Optimization of the Scan Time is Based on the Physical Index in FDG-PET/CT (2011)

The optimization of the scan time using NEC(density) reduces deterioration of the PET image quality by patient habitus.
PPARγ is required for CD4+ T cell proliferation, survival, and disease-mediation in lymphopenia-associated autoimmunity. (101.21) (2011)

Abstract Ligands for the nuclear hormone receptor PPARγ ameliorate many autoimmune conditions in both mice and humans. Recent reports have also suggested that PPARγ is important in regulatory T cell function and in preventing the development of pathogenic Th17 cells. In contrast to this role of PPARγ in suppressing autoimmunity, we now find that CD4+ T cell PPARγ expression is required for development of autoimmunity under lymphopenic conditions. PPARγ-deficient (PPARγ-/-) CD4+ T cells are unable to mediate disease in both murine graft-versus-host disease and an adoptive transfer model of colitis. In the colitis model, PPARγ is required for the accumulation and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and colonic lamina propria. This defect is specific for CD4+ T cells as PPARγ-/- CD8+ T cells accumulate equally to wild type CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, PPARγ-/- CD4+ T cells show diminished in vivo proliferation as assessed via Ki67 staining, but no difference in activation marker expression demonstrating that PPARγ is required for proliferation and cytokine production but not for activation. Endogenous PPARγ-/- CD4+ T cells recover normally after mice are sub-lethally irradiated demonstrating that loss of proliferative potential requires antigen-induced activation as well as lymphopenia. Our results identify a novel function for PPARγ in the proliferation and survival of CD4+ T cells in lymphopenia-associated autoimmunity.
Search Vox (2008)

Internet usage on mobile devices continues to grow as users seek anytime, anywhere access to information. Because users frequently search for businesses, directory assistance has been the focus of many voice search applications utilizing speech as the primary input modality. Unfortunately, mobile settings often contain noise which degrades performance. As such, we present Search Vox, a mobile search interface that not only facilitates touch and text refinement whenever speech fails, but also allows users to assist the recognizer via text hints. Search Vox can also take advantage of any partial knowledge users may have about the business listing by letting them express their uncertainty in an intuitive way using verbal wildcards. In simulation experiments conducted on real voice search data, leveraging multimodal refinement resulted in a 28% relative reduction in error rate. Providing text hints along with the spoken utterance resulted in even greater relative reduction, with dramatic gains in recovery for each additional character.