gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of High-Throughput Sequencing for the Discovery of Genetic Variation Across the Complete Size Spectrum (2013)

We observed that current high-throughput sequencing approaches only detected a fraction of the full size-spectrum of insertions, deletions, and copy number variants compared with a previously published, Sanger-sequenced human genome. The sensitivity for detection was the lowest in the 100- to 10,000-bp size range, and at DNA repeats, with copy number gains harder to delineate than losses. We discuss strategies for discovering the full spectrum of genetic variation necessary for disease association studies.
Placebo Effects of Marketing Actions: Consumers May Get What They Pay For (2005)

The authors demonstrate that marketing actions, such as pricing, can alter the actual efficacy of products to which they are applied. These placebo effects stem from activation of expectancies about the efficacy of the product, a process that appears not to be conscious. In three experiments, the authors show that consumers who pay a discounted price for a product (e.g., an energy drink thought to increase mental acuity) may derive less actual benefit from consuming this product (e.g., they are able to solve fewer puzzles) than consumers who purchase and consume the exact same product but pay its regular price. The studies consistently support the role of expectancies in mediating this placebo effect. The authors conclude with a discussion of theoretical, managerial, and public policy implications of the findings.
Cross-Phase modulation in AlGaAs photonic nanowires (2007)

Cross-Phase modulation (XPM) is investigated in AlGaAs nanowires by way of cross-polarized co-propagating pulses. A XPM to SPM (Self-Phase Modulation) ratio of 0.92 is determined at 1557 nm.
Development of an actuated corrugated laminate for morphing structures (2020)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design, manufacturing and experimental assessment of a morphing element consisting of a composite corrugated panel that hosts a diffused actuation system based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators. The characterisation of the SMA actuators is reported and the system performance is predicted through an analytical model and finite element analyses. Two versions of the actuated system are proposed, with different methods for the physical integration of the SMA wires into the composite part. Manufacturing and testing of specimens with different wire densities are reported. Correlation with experiments validates the analytical and numerical approaches adopted for the design and analyses. The results confirm the potential of the concept proposed for developing corrugated panels that can be contracted in a predefined direction by a load-bearing actuation system, but still retain high stiffness and strength properties in other directions.
A Conceptual Model of Systems Engineering (2018)

Abstract Systems engineering is widely perceived as an empirical discipline, with a need for theoretical foundations that can facilitate reasoning about practice. This is an attempt to help build such foundations by systems‐theoretic inquiry into the nature of the relationship between knowledge and engineering. We conceptualize this relationship in terms of four worlds: the real world, the world of systems models, a world of aspect knowledge, and a world of wholes knowledge: knowledge that indicates how aspects come together and also how wholes relate to each other. This leads us to a generative understanding of systems engineering: synthesizing aspects to develop blocks; and generating the network of blocks that form a system, through recursive performance of three activities: decomposition, dependency closure and refinement. The problem of systems engineering practice involves augmenting this core with the concerns of problem formulation, design of the supporting ecosystem, and the need for closing gaps between the model world and real world. We derive some initial confidence in the validity and value of this strawman model by examining its ability to explain some aspects of current systems engineering practice, and the insights it provides into how we can integrate system modeling across knowledge domains.
Interfering with the Sugar Code: Design and Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimics (2008)

Oligosaccharide determinants of cellular glycoconjugates interact with protein receptors triggering a variety of cellular responses within a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and with exquisitely tuned selectivity. This has led to the formulation of the hypothesis that a sugar code exists and that sugar-binding proteins (lectins) act to decipher it and translate it into biological responses. Interference with these recognition events by functional mimics of carbohydrates could thus be used to modulate or alter signal transmission, or to prevent the onset of diseases. Attempts to design and prepare glycomimetic inhibitors of well-known target lectins (cholera toxin, DC-SIGN) are reviewed in this concept paper.
Napalm and After: The Politics of Grace Paley's Short Fiction (2001)

I object not to facts but to people sitting in trees talking senselessly, voices from who knows where.
A Standardized Workflow for Illumination-Invariant Image Extraction (2007)

The illumination-invariant image is a useful intrinsic feature latent in colour image data. The idea in forming an illumination invariant is to postprocess input image data by forming a logarithm of a set of chromaticity coordinates, and then project the resulting 2-dimensional data in a direction orthogonal to a special direction, characteristic of each camera, that best describes the effect of lighting change. Lighting change is approximately simply a straight line in the log-chromaticity domain; thus, forming a greyscale projection orthogonal to this line generates an image which is approximately independent of the illuminant, at every pixel. One application has been to effectively remove shadows from images. But a problem, addressed here, is that the direction in which to project is camera-dependent. Moreover, preprocessing with a spectral sharpening transform to linearly transform the sensor curves to more narrowband ones greatly improves shadow attenuation, but sharpening is also camera-dependent and we may not have information on the camera. So here we take a simpler approach and assume that every input image consists of data in the standardized sRGB colour space. Previously, this assumption has led to the suggestion that the built-in mapping of sRGB to XYZ tristimulus values could be used by going on to sharpen the resulting XYZ and then seeking for an invariant. Instead, here we sharpen the sRGB directly and show that performance is substantially improved this way. This approach leads to a standardized sharpening matrix for any input image and a fixed projection angle as well. Results are shown to be satisfactory, without any knowledge of camera characteristics.
HDAC inhibition imparts beneficial transgenerational effects in Huntington's disease mice via altered DNA and histone methylation (2014)

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic factors can profoundly influence gene expression and, in turn, influence resistance or susceptibility to disease. Epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, are finding their way into clinical practice, although their exact mechanisms of action are unclear. To identify mechanisms associated with HDAC inhibition, we performed microarray analysis on brain and muscle samples treated with the HDAC1/3-targeting inhibitor, HDACi 4b. Pathways analyses of microarray datasets implicate DNA methylation as significantly associated with HDAC inhibition. Further assessment of DNA methylation changes elicited by HDACi 4b in human fibroblasts from normal controls and patients with Huntington's disease (HD) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip revealed a limited, but overlapping, subset of methylated CpG sites that were altered by HDAC inhibition in both normal and HD cells. Among the altered loci of Y chromosome-linked genes, KDM5D, which encodes Lys (K)-specific demethylase 5D, showed increased methylation at several CpG sites in both normal and HD cells, as well as in DNA isolated from sperm from drug-treated male mice. Further, we demonstrate that first filial generation (F1) offspring from drug-treated male HD transgenic mice show significantly improved HD disease phenotypes compared with F1 offspring from vehicle-treated male HD transgenic mice, in association with increased Kdm5d expression, and decreased histone H3 Lys4 (K4) (H3K4) methylation in the CNS of male offspring. Additionally, we show that overexpression of Kdm5d in mutant HD striatal cells significantly improves metabolic deficits. These findings indicate that HDAC inhibitors can elicit transgenerational effects, via cross-talk between different epigenetic mechanisms, to have an impact on disease phenotypes in a beneficial manner.
Interleaved 3 phase DC/DC converter for automotive applications (2010)

The paper presents an interleaved 3-phase step-down converter that can be used to charge the 12 V battery and to feed the corresponding loads from the 42 V bus, in automotive dual voltage system. The converter has a maximum 3 kW output power and efficiency above 93% at full load. The simulation results show good responses under various input and output conditions.
THE YAW STRING METHOD OF TINKERING WITH SAILPLANE WING DESIGN (2002)

I know you won't believe this, but I actually fine-tuned my Ventus B wing to my style of flying by putting turbulator tape at different test positions on the upper surface of the outer 12 feet of one wing and recording the amount of good and bad yaw at low and high airspeeds. When I found the desired compromise chordwise position, I put tape on the entire wing. I wouldn't waste your time reporting the small amount of change to an already outstanding Ventus wing, except I believe the test method is well worth spreading around. Any sailplane owner who wants to tinker with turbulator tape on his wing can use it. It does not require a great background in aerodlmamics, sophisticated test instruments, or getting oil in your aileron seals. It just requires an inquiring mind and the time to make multiple test flights. I tinkered for most of two soaring seasons of pleasure flights, and no flight was devoted entirely to this test.
Performance of a thermally deformable mirror for correction of low-order aberrations in laser beams (2013)

The thermally deformable mirror is a device aiming at correcting beam-wavefront distortions for applications where classical mechanical methods are precluded by noise considerations, as in advanced gravitational wave interferometric detectors. This moderately low-cost technology can be easily implemented and controlled thanks to the good reproducibility of the actuation. By using a flexible printed circuit board technology, we demonstrate experimentally that a device of 61 actuators in thermal contact with the back surface of a high-reflective mirror is able to correct the low-order aberrations of a laser beam at 1064 nm and could be used to optimize the mode matching into Fabry-Perot cavities.
Phase Transitions in Co-Doped NiMnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys Probed by Coherent Phonons (2014)

We investigate undoped and Co-doped NiMnGa magnetic shape memory alloys by ultrafast spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of collective modes is explained on the base of a charge-density-wave excitation shining new light on the phase transition.
Median and Ulnar Nerve Conduction Measurements in Patients with Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Using the NC-Stat ® System (2004)

NC-stat-based NCS of the median and ulnar nerves provide results similar to those obtained with traditional neurologist-supervised NCS using a standard electromyography system. The number of subjects meeting electrophysiological criteria for DPN, affecting the upper extremities, is similar to prior studies. The widespread availability of the NC-stat system may provide a robust and objective method for identifying DPN and other neuropathies in patients with diabetes.
Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy. 1. Principle (2013)

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a unique tool for investigating microsecond molecular dynamics of complex molecules in equilibrium. However, application of FCS in the study of molecular dynamics has been limited, owing to the complexity in the extraction of physically meaningful information. In this work, we develop a new method that combines FCS and time-correlated single photon counting (TCPSC) to extract unambiguous information about equilibrium dynamics of complex molecular systems. In this method, which we name two-dimensional fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (2D FLCS), we analyze the correlation of the fluorescence photon pairs, referring to the fluorescence lifetime. We first obtain the correlations of the photon pairs with respect to the excitation-emission delay times in the form of a two-dimensional (2D) map. Then, the 2D map is converted to the correlations between different species that have distinct fluorescence lifetimes using inverse Laplace transformation. This 2D FLCS is capable of visualizing the equilibration dynamics of complex molecules with microsecond time resolution at the single-molecule level. We performed a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of a TCPSC-FCS experiment as a proof-of-principle example. The result clearly shows the validity of the proposed method and its high potential in analyzing the photon data of dynamic systems.
Cells with haematopoietic stem cell phenotype in adult human endometrium: relevance to infertility? (2007)

This is the first demonstration of cells with an HSC phenotype in the human endometrium, and increased proportions of NK progenitors in endometrium of women with infertility suggests a dysregulation of this pathway that may contribute to infertility.
Polyphosphazenes (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
La ciudad dual o el reto de la globalización sobre las ciudades (2006)

M'agradaria aclarir una serie de questions que es donen per obvies, sabudes o que han deixat de ser importants i, no obstant aixo, per mi son primordials. Els discursos ?zapping? o ?patchwork? per a les ciutats que prenen una mica de cada banda, on tot s'hi val, son un gran error; no tot es igualment valid. La ciutat es un assumpte politic, en sentit real de la paraula, ha de ser plantejada des de l'interes general i no en interes d'uns pocs. La ciutat no es un producte mes de consum com es mostra avui, els seus temps son lents i els seus efectes duradors. Cada accio presa avui sera viscuda o soferta durant molt temps i diferents generacions.
On the Morphological Changes of Ni- and Ni(Pt)-Silicides (2005)

The issue of agglomeration and layer inversion has remained critical because conductivity of thin silicide films is sensitive to the degradation of the film morphology. The purpose of this work is to study the morphology degradation that includes agglomeration and layer inversion of NiSi and NiPtSi. Agglomeration was observed to be preceded by holes evolution. It was found that the addition of Pt has led to improvement in the agglomeration behavior of NiSi but have little influence on the layer inversion when the amount of Pt is 5 atom % in NiPt on the undoped poly-Si. Increasing the Pt concentration to about 10% shows improvement in the layer inversion behavior compared to 5% Pt. The agglomeration behavior and layer inversion with the addition of the Pt are discussed in terms of the controlling factors of grain boundary energy, interface energies, and nature of the silicide formed. The improved agglomeration associated with Pt addition is attributed to a lower interfacial energy leading to lower grain boundary mobility and reduced driving force for hole evolutions. In addition, suppression of layer inversion can be attained by silicidation with the use of thin NiPt 10 nm.
Leucocyte adhesion deficiency. (1993)

Rare experiments of nature often lead to a better understanding of fundamental principles of human biology. The clinical description of a severe congenital immunodeficiency presenting with persistence of a 'fleshy' often infected umbilical cord ('delayed cord separation') and overwhelming septicaemias' has led to a rapid progress in our appreciation of the importance of leucocyte-leucocyte and leucocyte-endothelial interaction in health and disease.
Vergleich mit theoretischen Ansätzen (1978)

Die bei der Durchströmung relativ zueinander bewegter Schaufelgitter in Turbomaschinen auftretenden periodisch instationären Strömungsinterferenzen haben ihren Ursprung in der Ungleichförmigkeit der Strömung vor und hinter einem Schaufelgitter, verursacht durch die endliche Teilung und durch Reibungsgrenzschichten. Durch die relative Bewegung der Gitter entsteht somit ein zeitlich periodisches Geschwindigkeitsfeld mit entsprechenden Druckfluktuationen. Gleichzeitig treten, hervorgerufen durch das veränderliche Geschwindigkeitsfeld, Schwankungen der Schaufelzirkulation auf. Nach dem Thomsonschen Wirbelsatz müssen diese durch freie Wirbelschleppen, die an den Hinterkanten der Profile abschwimmen, ausgeglichen werden, welche wiederum mit dem nachfolgenden Gitter in Wechselwirkung treten.
HYBRID SULFUR RECOVERY PROCESS FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING (2003)

This fourth quarter report of 2002 describes progress on a project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to test a hybrid sulfur recovery process for natural gas upgrading. The process concept represents a low cost option for direct treatment of natural gas streams to remove H{sub 2}S in quantities equivalent to 0.2-25 metric tons (LT) of sulfur per day. This process is projected to have lower capital and operating costs than the competing technologies, amine/aqueous iron liquid redox and amine/Claus/tail gas treating, and have a smaller plant footprint, making it well suited to both on-shore and offshore applications. CrystaSulf (service mark of CrystaTech, Inc.) is a new nonaqueous sulfur recovery process that removes hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) from gas streams and converts it into elemental sulfur. CrystaSulf features high sulfur recovery similar to aqueous-iron liquid redox sulfur recovery processes, but differs from the aqueous processes in that CrystaSulf controls the location where elemental sulfur particles are formed. In the hybrid process, approximately 1/3 of the total H{sub 2}S in the natural gas is first oxidized to SO{sub 2} at low temperatures over a heterogeneous catalyst. Low temperature oxidation is done so that the H{sub 2}S can be oxidized in the presence of methane and other hydrocarbons without oxidation of the hydrocarbons. The project involves the development of a catalyst using laboratory/bench-scale catalyst testing, and then demonstration of the catalyst at CrystaTech's pilot plant in west Texas. Previous reports described development of a catalyst with the required selectivity and efficiency for producing sulfur dioxide from H{sub 2}S. In the laboratory, the catalyst was shown to be robust and stable in the presence of several intentionally added contaminants, including condensate from the pilot plant site. Bench-scale catalyst testing at the CrystaSulf pilot plant using the actual pilot plant gas was successful and a skid-mounted, catalyst pilot unit has been designed for fabrication and testing at the CrystaSulf pilot site.
Using Data Science to Improve GC-MS Materials Aging Studies. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Neuronal cotransport of glycine receptor and the scaffold protein gephyrin (2006)

The dynamics of postsynaptic receptor scaffold formation and remodeling at inhibitory synapses remain largely unknown. Gephyrin, which is a multimeric scaffold protein, interacts with cytoskeletal elements and stabilizes glycine receptors (GlyRs) and individual subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors at inhibitory postsynaptic sites. We report intracellular mobility of gephyrin transports packets over time. Gephyrin units enter and exit active synapses within several minutes. In addition to previous reports of GlyR-gephyrin interactions at plasma membranes, we show cosedimentation and coimmunoprecipitation of both proteins from vesicular fractions. Moreover, GlyR and gephyrin are cotransported within neuronal dendrites and further coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize with the dynein motor complex. As a result, the blockade of dynein function or dynein-gephyrin interaction, as well as the depolymerization of microtubules, interferes with retrograde gephyrin recruitment. Our data suggest a GlyR-gephyrin-dynein transport complex and support the concept that gephyrin-motor interactions contribute to the dynamic and activity-dependent rearrangement of postsynaptic GlyRs, a process thought to underlie the regulation of synaptic strength.
Transcription factor Acj6 controls dendrite targeting via a combinatorial cell-surface code (2022)

Transcription factors specify the fate and connectivity of developing neurons. We investigate how a lineage-specific transcription factor, Acj6, controls the precise dendrite targeting of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) by regulating the expression of cell-surface proteins. Quantitative cell-surface proteomic profiling of wild-type and acj6 mutant PNs in intact developing brains, and a proteome-informed genetic screen identified PN surface proteins that execute Acj6-regulated wiring decisions. These include canonical cell adhesion molecules and proteins previously not associated with wiring, such as Piezo, whose mechanosensitive ion channel activity is dispensable for its function in PN dendrite targeting. Comprehensive genetic analyses revealed that Acj6 employs unique sets of cell-surface proteins in different PN types for dendrite targeting. Combined expression of Acj6 wiring executors rescued acj6 mutant phenotypes with higher efficacy and breadth than expression of individual executors. Thus, Acj6 controls wiring specificity of different neuron types by specifying distinct combinatorial expression of cell-surface executors.
结构之后的路（上）——可公度性、可比较性、可交流性 (2004)

自从P．费耶阿本德和我率先在文献里借用了一个数学术语来描述相继的科学理论之间的关系之后，20年已经过去了。这个术语就是“不可公度性(Incommensurability)”；我们两人都是由于在解释科学理论中所遇到的问题而被引向这个术语的。①我对这个术
Human epithelial cancer cells studied using combined AFM-IR absorption nanoimaging (2014)

Several recent studies have described the use of infrared (IR) nanoimaging for non-invasive chemical discrimination of subcellular features and intracellular exogenous agents. In this work we outline a number of improvements in both quantitative IR nanoimage analysis and optical system improvements which enable recovery of nanoscale subcellular chemical localization with improved chemical precision. Additionally, we demonstrate how a combination of IR absorption nanoimaging and topographic data can produce subcellular chemical density and complexity maps, which can illustrate several cellular features of interest, including the label free localization of nuclei for both healthy and cancerous cell lines with sub 40nm accuracy. As many cell processes related to disease are governed by the position and dynamics of subcellular features, we present the ability to map biochemical inhomogeneity of cancer cells at nanoscale resolution as a means to explore the subcellular biomechanics underlying carcinogenesis.