gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facial reanimation after temporal bone fracture. (1998)

Fracture of the temporal bone is usually associated with skull injury and the patient is initially seen in the emergency room. As a result the diagnosis of facial paralysis may be delayed. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of facial paralysis in such cases. Between 1990 and 1996, sixteen patients with facial paralysis due to temporal bone fracture were operated on within one month of trauma. The surgical technique was selected on the basis of the location of fallopian canal involvement and the patients hearing status. Six patients had grade VI, 7 had grade V and 3 had grade IV facial weakness preoperatively. Twelve patients had serviceable hearing. 9 of them underwent facial decompression through the transmastoid approach and 3 were operated on via the middle fossa approach. Four patients with unserviceable hearing had the operation through the translabyrinthine route. Postoperatively, 15 out of sixteen patients gained normal facial function while one had grade III facial weakness. Severe grade and sudden onset facial paralysis after temporal bone fracture should be surgically corrected as early as possible. The site of involvement of the facial canal and patient's hearing status should be considered in deciding the type of surgery to be applied.
Intravascular Volume Expansion Before Primary Angioplasty for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury (2011)

Maioli and colleagues, from Florence, Italy, report the results of a 450-patient, prospective, randomized trial of patients with ST-elevation-myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 1 Patients with STEMI are at high risk of the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Accordingly, the authors randomly assigned patients into 1 of 3 groups: early hydration with a bolus of sodium bicarbonate started in the emergency room followed by a 12-hour infusion; postprocedural hydration with a normal saline drip started after PCI; and last, no specific hydration protocol. Patients enrolled were fairly typical of those presenting with STEMI, with a mean age in the mid-60s; almost a quarter were over 75 years of age, and the majority were male. Slightly more than 22% were diabetic, about 40% presented with anterior myocardial infarction, and almost 40% had an ejection fraction of 0.40. The incidence of shock was 5%, but intra-aortic balloon pumps were used liberally in almost 20% of cases. More than a quarter of patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min. Although the mean door-to-balloon time of 85 minutes could be criticized, such values were not unusual in the mid-2000s, when the study was performed. Overall, clinical outcomes were acceptable, with 16 deaths, 6 strokes, and a cumulative number of adverse cardiac events of 45 (10%). The main finding of the trial was a significantly lower incidence of CI-AKI, no matter which definition was used, among patients randomly assigned to the early hydration group.
Evidence against Functional Heteromultimerization of theK ATP Channel Subunits Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 (2000)

K(ATP) channels consist of pore-forming potassium inward rectifier (Kir6.x) subunits and sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). Although Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 coassemble with different SUR isoforms to form heteromultimeric functional K(ATP) channels, it is not known whether Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 coassemble with each other. To define the molecular identity of K(ATP) channels, we used adenoviral gene transfer to express wild-type and dominant-negative constructs of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 in a heterologous expression system (A549 cells) and in native cells (rabbit ventricular myocytes). Dominant-negative (DN) Kir6.2 gene transfer suppressed current through heterologously expressed SUR2A + Kir6.2 channels. Conversely, DN Kir6.1 suppressed SUR2B + Kir6.1 current but had no effect on coexpressed SUR2A + Kir6. 2. We next probed the ability of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 to affect endogenous K(ATP) channels in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes, using adenoviral vectors to achieve efficient gene transfer. Infection with the DN Kir6.2 virus for 72 h suppressed pinacidil-inducible K(ATP) current density measured by whole-cell patch clamp. However, there was no effect of infection with the DN Kir6.1 on the K(ATP) current. Based on these functional assays, we conclude that Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 do not heteromultimerize with each other and that Kir6.2 is the sole K(ATP) pore-forming subunit in the surface membrane of heart cells.
Controlled Current Deposition of Zinc from Alkaline Solution (1969)

Electrodeposition of zinc onto foil electrodes from alkaline zincate solutions with direct current results in dendritic or black, porous mossy deposits. Smoother deposits are obtained with a pulsed current source or periodic reversal of current. The nature of the deposit with pulsed charging depends on the current density, the amount of charge passing through the electrolytic cell, the on time, and off time. The optimum values of these parameters are dependent on the cell geometry and the differences between the apparatus used in the present study and a cell containing a secondary zinc electrode are discussed.
Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Co‐crystals (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What is the Origin of Polymorphism and is it Prevalent in Co-crystals? What is a Pharmaceutical Co-crystal? Conclusions Acknowledgments References
The Almon Lag Technique and the Monetary versus Fiscal Policy Debate (1973)

Abstract This article discusses possible problems associated with the Almon lag technique, caused by misspecification of the length of the lag or the degree of the polynomial. It is argued that the choice of the lag length is particularly treacherous. Finally, two studies of the relative importance of fiscal and monetary policy are reexamined, and it is shown how insufficient attention to these problems has significantly affected their conclusions.
A Plan for Lunar Outpost Construction by using Robots (2011)

Architecture study for Lunar exploration is carried out by space agencies. JAXA is carrying out research and development of a mobility robot (rover) aimed at the Lunar surface exploration and outpost construction. The target areas for outpost construction and lunar exploration are mainly in mountainous zones, and the moon's surface is covered by regolith. Achieving a steady run on such irregular terrain is the big technical problem for rovers. A newly developed lightweight crawler mechanism is good for driving on such irregular terrain because of its low contact force with the ground. This was determined considering the mass and expected payload of the rover. This paper describes composition of the robots designed for construction of lunar outpost, and also gives the scenario for outpost construction. These lunar robot are developed based on space robot technology cultivated by development of the JEMRMS and the ETS-VII robot.
Discovery, Development, Inventions, and Patent Trends on Mobocertinib Succinate: The First-in-Class Oral Treatment for NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions (2021)

The majority of lung cancers are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) having a low survival rate. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncogene mutations like EGFR exon 20 insertions (EGFRex20ins) mutation among NSCLC patients. The response of patients of NSCLC with the EGFRex20ins mutation to the currently available EGFR inhibitor is negligible. Mobocertinib is the first oral treatment that has been approved by the USFDA, on 15 September 2021, to treat NSCLC with the EGFRex20ins mutation. This patent review discusses the inventions and patent literature of mobocertinib that will help the scientific community to develop additional and improved inventions related to mobocertinib. The structure of mobocertinib was first reported in 2015. Therefore, this article covered the patents/patent applications related to mobocertinib from 2015 to 25 October 2021. The patent search revealed 27 patents/patent applications related to compound, method of treatment, salt, polymorph, process, composition, and drug combinations of mobocertinib. The authors foresee an exciting prospect for developing a treatment for NSCLC with EGFRex20ins mutation, and other cancers employing a combination of mobocertinib with other approved anticancer agents. The inventions related to novel dosage forms, processes, and intermediates used in the synthesis of mobocertinib are also anticipated.
MURAL: Multimodal, Multitask Retrieval Across Languages (2021)

Both image-caption pairs and translation pairs provide the means to learn deep representations of and connections between languages. We use both types of pairs in MURAL (MUltimodal, MUltitask Representations Across Languages), a dual encoder that solves two tasks: 1) image-text matching and 2) translation pair matching. By incorporating billions of translation pairs, MURAL extends ALIGN (Jia et al. PMLR'21)--a state-of-the-art dual encoder learned from 1.8 billion noisy image-text pairs. When using the same encoders, MURAL's performance matches or exceeds ALIGN's cross-modal retrieval performance on well-resourced languages across several datasets. More importantly, it considerably improves performance on under-resourced languages, showing that text-text learning can overcome a paucity of image-caption examples for these languages. On the Wikipedia Image-Text dataset, for example, MURAL-base improves zero-shot mean recall by 8.1% on average for eight under-resourced languages and by 6.8% on average when fine-tuning. We additionally show that MURAL's text representations cluster not only with respect to genealogical connections but also based on areal linguistics, such as the Balkan Sprachbund.
Surface morphology of Asian cadaveric hips (1985)

The joint surfaces of 60 hips obtained from the cadavers of elderly Asians were studied to determine the incidence, the grade and the distribution of both non-progressive (age-related) and progressive degenerative changes. It was observed that in the Asian population of 40 to 90 years of age, non-progressive changes were common, being seen in 66% of the acetabular specimens and 50% of the femoral heads. Only one specimen of the 60 showed unexplained progressive degenerative change. We conclude that primary osteoarthritis of the hip is rare in Asians.
Molecular Basis for Extender Unit Specificity of Mycobacterial Polyketide Synthases (2020)

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is the causative agent of the tuberculosis disease, which claims more human lives each year than any other bacterial pathogen. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and other mycobacterial pathogens have developed a range of unique features that enhance their virulence and promote their survival in the human host. Among these features lies the particular cell envelope with high lipid content, which plays a substantial role in mycobacterial pathogenicity. Several envelope components of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and other mycobacteria, e.g., mycolic acids, phthiocerol dimycocerosates, and phenolic glycolipids, belong to the "family" of polyketides, secondary metabolites synthesized by fascinating versatile enzymes-polyketide synthases. These megasynthases consist of multiple catalytic domains, among which the acyltransferase domain plays a key role in selecting and transferring the substrates required for polyketide extension. Here, we present three new crystal structures of acyltransferase domains of mycobacterial polyketide synthases and, for one of them, provide evidence for the identification of residues determining extender unit specificity. Unravelling the molecular basis for such specificity is of high importance considering the role played by extender units for the final structure of key mycobacterial components. This work provides major advances for the use of mycobacterial polyketide synthases as potential therapeutic targets and, more generally, contributes to the prediction and bioengineering of polyketide synthases with desired specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Engineering of Functional Inorganic and Hybrid Materials (2014)

Abstract Review: 328 refs.
Genes regulating ovule development. (2006)

This chapter reviews what is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in ovule organogenesis. It describes the hypotheses that account for the origin and evolution of the ovule. It also discusses ovule development per se, with an emphasis on placentation and ovule initiation, ovule formation on sepals, funiculus growth and hormonal regulation of ovule development. Genes involved in the regulation of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana are identified.
Diffusion of Solvent in PDMS Elastomer for Micromolding in Capillaries (2002)

Micromolding in capillaries is a soft lithography method for patterning materials. We have studied the diffusion of solvent from the excavated microsized channels in the stamp into the PDMS material, both theoretically and experimentally. It was demonstrated that a model of 1-D diffusion of solvent through a PDMS stamp, coupled with a mass conservation of the solvent in the channels, leads to a quantitatively accurate model for the velocity of the boundary between liquid-filled and vapor-filled microchannels in the stamp. With the model the diffusion coefficient of the solvent into PDMS was successfully determined.
Low-Noise Recording of Single-Vesicle Capacitance Steps in Cell-Attached Patches (2008)

Capacitance recording provides a readout of membrane area that can be used to monitor exo- and endocytosis in neurons and secretory cells in real time. By interfacing a lock-in amplifier to a patch-clamp amplifier, the capacitance of cell-attached membrane patches can be measured with sufficient sensitivity to reveal the fusion and retrieval of single vesicles as unitary stepwise changes in capacitance. The small size of many secretory vesicles, especially of synaptic vesicles, places a premium on the reduction of noise in a capacitance recording. With care, the capacitance noise in cell-attached patches can be reduced to below 10 aF root-mean-square (rms), thus bringing into view steps resulting from the fusion of vesicles as small as about 18 nm in diameter. Thus, the lowest achievable noise level enables the resolution of changes in capacitance associated with the smallest secretory vesicles. This chapter presents the method of capacitance recording from cell-attached patches with an emphasis on noise reduction. It also addresses the closely related issue of extracting fusion pore properties from these recordings.
Influences of Molecular Structure of Poly(styrene-co-octadecyl maleimide) on Stabilizing Asphaltenes in Crude Oil (2020)

A series of poly(styrene-co-octadecyl maleimide) (SNODMI) with various molecular structures were prepared through RAFT polymerization and subsequent modification with amine. The obtained SNODMIs were applied in the model crude oil with a high content of asphaltenes (3 wt %) to stabilize the asphaltenes particles, which were precipitated by adding n-heptane. The results indicate that SNODMI is a highly effective asphaltene stabilizer and its molecular structures play a pivotal role in determining its performance. With increasing the octadecyl branch content of the SNODMIs, the stabilizing performance is improved. The alternative structure with the highest branch content achieves the best performance. The appropriate molecular weight of the copolymer (Mn = 3500 Da) is required to optimally stabilize asphaltenes. The optimal imidization degree of SNODMI varies with the branch content. For SNODMI with a lower branch content (10.37 mol %), the stabilizing performance increases with the decrease in the imidization degree and samples without any imidization shows the best performance. For SNODMI with a higher branch content (20.92 or 45.26 mol %), an appropriate imidization degree (64.31 or 66.10%) shows the highest stabilizing efficacy for asphaltenes.
Prussian Blue Analogue Mn3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O porous nanocubes: large-scale synthesis and their CO2 storage properties (2011)

Prussian Blue Analogue (PBA) Mn(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2)·nH(2)O porous nanocubes were successfully synthesized in high yield at room temperature in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of synthetic parameters such as surfactant, the ratio of different solvents on the morphology and size of the particles were investigated. The experimental results showed that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and solvent ethanol play critical roles in the formation of uniform porous nanocubes. N(2) adsorption properties indicated that the Mn(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2) porous nanocubes with an average diameter of 240 nm possessed a high surface area of 675 m(2) g(-1) with total volume of 0.354 cm(3) g(-1). Moreover, the porous nanocubes showed high CO(2) adsorption at room temperature and 1 bar of pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of Mn(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2) nanomaterials and their CO(2) adsorption applications at the nanoscale.
Remote preparation of a single atom quantum memory (2007)

Here, using atom-photon entanglement, we experimentally demonstrate the preparation of a distant single atom quantum memory via a quantum teleportation protocol. We evaluated the performance by a full tomography of the prepared atomic state.
Differential regulation of killer cell Ig-like receptors and CD94 lectin-like dimers on NK and T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals (1999)

NK and T lymphocytes share various cell surface receptors, including NK receptors for MHC class I molecules (NKR). NKR include killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) and lectin-like dimers which are composed of the invariant CD94 associated with a variety of NKG2 molecules. The combination of KIR and CD94/NKG2 dimers expressed on NK and T cell subsets defines a repertoire of MHC class I recognition. Engagement of NKR by cognate MHC class I molecules governs T and NK cell activation. We investigated the NKR distribution on NK and T cell subsets from uninfected and HIV-infected individuals, according to the clinical status, the absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells as well as the plasmatic viral load of the patients. We show that the KIR distribution on NK cells is not affected by HIV-1 infection, whereas the absolute numbers of T cells expressing specific KIR members (CD158b, p70) transiently increase in early stages of HIV infection. By contrast, the percentages of NK and T cells which express CD94 dimers increase in parallel with the disease. These results document a differential regulation of KIR and CD94 lectin-like dimers during the course of a chronic viral infection in humans and further suggest that both types of NKR are independently regulated.
Distribution of gonadal steroid receptor–containing neurons in the preoptic–periaqueductal gray–brainstem pathway: A potential circuit for the initiation of male sexual behavior (2001)

The present study used anterograde and retrograde tract tracing techniques to examine the organization of the medial preoptic-periaqueductal gray-nucleus paragigantocellularis pathway in the male rat. The location of neurons containing estrogen (alpha subtype; ER alpha) and androgen receptors (AR) were also examined. We report here that injection of the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the medial preoptic (MPO) produced dense labeling within the periaqueductal gray (PAG); anterogradely labeled fibers terminated in close juxtaposition to neurons retrogradely labeled from the nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi). Dual immunostaining for Fluoro-Gold (FG) and ER alpha or FG and AR showed that over one-third of MPO efferents to the PAG contain receptors for either estrogen or androgen. In addition, approximately 50% of PAG neurons retrogradely labeled from the nPGi were immunoreactive for either ER alpha or AR. These results are the first to establish an MPO-->PAG-->nPGi circuit and further indicate that gonadal steroids can influence neuronal synaptic activity within these sites. We reported previously that nPGi reticulospinal neurons terminate preferentially within the motoneuronal pools of the lumbosacral spinal cord that innervate the pelvic viscera. Together, we propose that the MPO-->PAG-->nPGi circuit forms the final common pathway whereby MPO neural output results in the initiation and maintenance of male copulatory reflexes.
Dystroglycan Is Selectively Associated with Inhibitory GABAergic Synapses But Is Dispensable for Their Differentiation (2002)

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a multimolecular complex that links the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. The DGC is present at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and required for its maturation and maintenance. Members of the DGC are also expressed in brain. We used cultured hippocampal neurons to analyze the distribution, regulation, and role in synaptogenesis of the major transmembrane component of the DGC, dystroglycan; one of its extracellular ligands, agrin; and one of its cytoskeletal binding partners, dystrophin. alpha-Dystroglycan, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin clustered at a subset of inhibitory synapses containing GABA(A)R subunits alpha1, alpha2, and gamma2, and the inhibitory receptor anchoring protein gephyrin. DGC components were not detected at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Dystroglycan is the first identified adhesive macromolecule at mature GABA synapses. Developmentally, dystroglycan clustered at synaptic loci after synaptic vesicles, GABA(A)R, and gephyrin, the latter being closely associated with GABA(A)R at all stages of synaptogenesis analyzed. Analysis of gephyrin -/-, agrin -/-, and mdx mouse hippocampal neurons in culture indicated that synaptic clustering of dystroglycan occurs independently of gephyrin, agrin, and dystrophin. In dystroglycan-deficient neurons, cultured from a conditional mutant strain, GABAergic synapses differentiated with clusters of gephyrin and GABA(A)R apposed to synaptic terminals, but these synapses did not contain detectable dystrophin. Thus the DGC is not essential for GABAergic synaptogenesis but is likely to function in modulating inhibitory synapses or conferring specialized properties on a subset of them.