gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of α-halogeno-sulphoxides. Part III. Absolute stereochemistry of α-chlorination and α-bromination of benzyl methyl sulphoxide (1974)

α-Chlorination and α-bromination of benzyl methyl sulphoxide by electrophilic halogenating agents in pyridine afford mixtures of benzyl halogenomethyl sulphoxide and α-halogenobenzyl methyl sulphoxide. The reactions at the methyl and at the benzylic carbon atoms proceed with retention and inversion of configuration at the sulphur atom, respectively. Only one of the two possible α-halogenobenzyl methyl sulphoxides is obtained. In the case of the (S)-sulphoxide the reaction involves selective replacement of the pro-S benzylic hydrogen atom and occurs with retention of configuration at carbon.
Chemical physics insight of PPy-based modified ion exchange membranes: A fundamental approach (2021)

Four commercially available, cost-effective ion exchange membranes (two cationic and two anionic exchange membranes, CEMs and AEMs, respectively) were modified to mitigate crossover phenomena of the redox active species typically observed in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFB) systems. The modification strategy was carried out using a pyrrole(Py)-based polymer which successfully reduced the permeation of two redox active organic molecules, a viologen derivative (named BP7 throughout this study) and TEMPOL, by an order of magnitude. Additionally, modified membranes showed not significant changes in ion conductivity, with negligible effect on the electrical conductivity of the membranes at a given conditions. The morphology, physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the membranes were determined to evaluate the impact of these modifications. AEMs modified in this manner were found to have optimal properties, showing an increase in ion exchange capacity while maintaining excellent mechanical stability and unaltered permselectivity. Additionally, the diffusion boundary layer of these AEMs was slightly extended, which suggests a greater double layer stability for ion exchange processes than in the case of CEMs. Our work shows that these modified membranes could be an appealing approach for AORFB applications.
Reset-control-based current tracking for a solenoid with unknown parameters (2021)

We propose a hybrid controller for reference tracking for the output current of a solenoid. The solenoid can be modeled as a first-order linear plant with unknown parameters. The proposed hybrid controller comprises 1) a feed forward action, based on an estimate of the unknown plant parameters exploiting a hybrid formulation of the recursive least-squares method, and 2) a feedback action, exploiting a reset control scheme based on a first-order reset element. We prove stability properties for the closed-loop system and we show through simulations that the current output converges to the reference for sufficiently exciting reference signals.
Effects of apoE genotype on macrophage inflammation and heme oxygenase-1 expression (2007)

In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the aetiology of apolipoprotein E4 genotype-cardiovascular disease (CVD) associations, the impact of the apoE genotype on the macrophage inflammatory response was examined. The murine monocyte-macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) stably transfected to produce equal amounts of human apoE3 or apoE4 was used. Following LPS stimulation, apoE4-macrophages showed higher and lower concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (pro-inflammatory) and interleukin 10 (anti-inflammatory), respectively, both at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (a stress-induced anti-inflammatory protein) was observed in the apoE4-cells. Furthermore, in apoE4-macrophages, an enhanced transactivation of the key redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB was shown. Current data indicate that apoE4 macrophages have an altered inflammatory response, which may contribute to the higher CVD risk observed in apoE4 carriers.
Metabolic effect of sodium selenite: Insulin-like inhibition of glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in the isolated perfused rat liver (1995)

Selenium, an essential trace element, has been shown to decrease plasma glucose concentrations of diabetic rats. To study the short-term effects of selenium on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, isolated perfused livers of fed Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously infused with sodium selenite for 90 minutes. This resulted in an immediate elevation of selenium in the effluent perfusate (3.3 +/- 0.1, 16.1 +/- 0.4, 30.3 +/- 1.6, and 118.9 +/- 0.8 mumol/L at infusion of 10, 50, 100, and 500 mumol/L sodium selenite, respectively). Basal hepatic glucose production decreased in a dose-dependent manner within 60 minutes of low-dose sodium selenite infusion (10: 0.60 +/- 0.20, 50: 0.21 +/- 0.40, and 100 mumol/L: 0.21 +/- 0.09 mumol.min-1.g-1 liver; P < .05 vs. zero time), while it was transiently increased by 500 mumol/L sodium selenite (1.11 +/- 0.18 mumol.min-1.g-1 liver; P < .05). Glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis was suppressed by 50% (P < .05) at 1.8 nmol/L insulin and by 90% (P < .001) at 10 mumol/L sodium selenite. That selenium concentration did not affect glutathione peroxidase activities in liver and perfusate erythrocytes within 60 minutes. Toxic effects of high-dose selenite (500 mumol/L), but not of low-dose selenite (10 mumol/L) infusion, were indicated by increased hepatic glucose (P < .05), lactate (P < .01), and lactate dehydrogenase (P < .001) release as well as histologically by degeneration and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. In conclusion, low-dose selenite exerts a potent insulinlike effect on hepatic glycogenolysis in vitro by counteracting glucagon action, whereas high-dose selenite may severely impair liver function.
RePS: A Sequence Assembler That Masks Exact Repeats Identified from the Shotgun Data (2002)

We describe a sequence assembler, RePS (repeat-masked Phrap with scaffolding), that explicitly identifies exact 20mer repeats from the shotgun data and removes them prior to the assembly. The established software is used to compute meaningful error probabilities for each base. Clone-end-pairing information is used to construct scaffolds that order and orient the contigs. We show with real data for human and rice that reasonable assemblies are possible even at coverages of only 4x to 6x, despite having up to 42.2% in exact repeats.
Apheresis buffy coat collection without photoactivation has no effect on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and total viability of mononuclear cells collected using photopheresis systems (2018)

These results demonstrate that the mechanical processes used for cell separation and processing of the BC in the absence of photoactivation do not induce a significant amount of apoptosis compared to the standard ECP with methoxsalen and UVA photoactivation.
Appendix H: Electromechanical Lagrange Equations Based on the Extended Hamilton's Principle (2011)

This appendix contains sections titled: Reference
Glucose transporter 4 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through the TRIM24-DDX58 axis (2017)

Here, we identified altered glucose metabolism in the progression of HNSCC and showed that it could be partially attributed to the novel link between GLUT4 and TRIM24. This novel signaling axis may be used for the prognosis and therapeutic treatment of HNSCC in the future.
Fission diamond detector tests at the ISIS spallation neutron source (2010)

A compact device for monitoring of fast neutron fluxes is presented. The device is based on single crystal diamond obtained by the Chemical Vapor Deposition technique coupled to a uranium converter foil where neutron interaction results in emission of charged particles detected inside the diamond. Thermal and fast neutrons are detected using natural uranium containing both 235U and 238U. Biparametric (pulse height and time of flight) data collection was used at the ISIS pulsed neutron source to distinguish events from 235U, 238U and from carbon break-up reactions inside the diamond. The interaction of high energy cosmic rays with the earth’s atmosphere generates a flux of sec-ondary particles including high energy neutrons [1]. Single Event Upsets (SEU) can occur when a high energy neutron, interacting in the sensitive region of an electronic device, disrupts its cor-rect operation [2]. Spallation neutron sources can provide a neutron energy spectrum similar to the atmosferic one, with much higher fluxes for accel-
miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p Contribute to BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma (2017)

Melanoma treatment with the BRAF V600E inhibitor vemurafenib provides therapeutic benefits but the common emergence of drug resistance remains a challenge. We generated A375 melanoma cells resistant to vemurafenib with the goal of investigating changes in miRNA expression patterns that might contribute to resistance. Increased expression of miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p occurring in vemurafenib-resistant cells was determined to impact vemurafenib response. Their expression was rapidly affected by vemurafenib treatment through RNA stabilization. Similar effects were elicited by MEK and ERK inhibitors but not AKT or Rac inhibitors. Ectopic expression of both miRNA in drug-naïve human melanoma cells was sufficient to confer vemurafenib resistance and more robust tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> Conversely, silencing their expression in resistant cells inhibited cell growth. Joint overexpression of miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p durably stimulated Ras and MAPK upregulation after vemurafenib exposure. Overall, our findings show how upregulation of miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p following vemurafenib treatment enables the emergence of resistance, with potential implications for mechanism-based strategies to improve vemurafenib responses.<b>Significance:</b> Identification of miRNAs that enable resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma suggests a mechanism-based strategy to limit resistance and improve clinical outcomes. <i>Cancer Res; 78(4); 1017-30. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Comparative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression and protein product in benign, premalignant, and malignant prostate tissue (1994)

In order to more clearly define the status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in prostate cancer, expression of EGFR transcript and protein was analyzed in paired samples of benign and malignant tissues from 30 radical prostatectomy specimens. Prostate tumors and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PINs) expressed significantly less EGFR protein than benign tissues or low grade PINs (P < 0.001). Expression of EGFR mRNA was analyzed in a subset of the same samples, and was higher in more prostate tumors than benign specimens (P < 0.05). However, differences in mean mRNA expression between malignant and benign tissues were not significant. EGFR mRNA was expressed at moderate or low levels in equivalent numbers of PIN lesions. These results suggest that, although EGFR mRNA expression is somewhat elevated in prostate tumors, EGFR protein expression may be down-regulated in the same malignant tissues. Furthermore, our data demonstrate phenotypic similarity between prostate tumors and high grade PIN at the level of EGFR protein expression.
“Natural” Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies Found in Nonalloimmunized Healthy Males (2008)

Normal males were found to have HLA antibodies to infrequent HLA specificities. It is likely that these HLA antibodies are produced to cross-reactive epitopes found in microorganisms, ingested proteins and allergens-making them natural antibodies.
The dipole antenna with eccentric coating in a relatively dense medium (1975)

In a medium of high permittivity or conductivity, such as sea water, lake water, or wet earth, a dielectric coated antenna can produce a directional radiation pattern when the coating is eccentric. The current distribution on a finite or infinite dipole with such a coating is obtained. Formulas for the directivity and the radiation pattern of an infinitely long dipole with eccentric coating are also derived.
Mechanisms of action of organophosphorus fungicides. I. Kitazin P, inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Pyricularia oryzae. (1979)

The effect of organophosphorus fungicide, Kitazin P (IBP, S-benzyl diisopropyl phos-phorothiolate), on lipid biosynthesis of Pyricularia oryzae was investigated. Addition of IBP to the mycelial cells suspension of P. oryzae induced a striking decrease in incorporation of methionine-methyl-14C, S-adenosylmethionine-methyl-14C, and glycerol-1 14C into phos-phatidylcholine, which is the most abundant phospholipid in P. oryzae, but incorporation of choline-methyl-14C into phosphatidylcholine and that of methionine-methyl-14C into simple lipids were not affected. Incorporation of methionine-methyl-14C into phosphatidylcholine is found to be directly proportional to mycelial cells growth of P. oryzae. Enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis from glycerol to phosphatidylcholine through Greenberg's pathway, except phospholipid N-methyltransferase, were not inhibited by IBP. IBP concentration required for 50% inhibition of phospholipid N-methyltransferase was 40 ppm. IBP had no effect on activities of glycerokinase, glycerophosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid cytidyltransferase, phosphatidylserine synthetase, and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, respectively. Therefore, the specific inhibition of conversion from phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by the transmethylation of S-adenosylmethionine might be regarded as one of the modes of action of IBP.
Photonic crystal polarisation splitters (1999)

The design, fabrication, and measurement of an a-Si/SiO2 photonic crystal polarisation splitter are reported. The device consists of a 10-period corrugated multilayer film and is made by a combination of sputter-deposition and sputter-etching processes. The measured insertion loss and extinction ratio at λ = 1.55 µm are 0.4 dB and &gt; 40 dB, respectively.
Multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of CoFe2O4/Pb1−xSrxTiO3 composite films (2015)

To realize multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties, bi-layered nanocomposite films consisting of CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Pb1−xSrxTiO3 (PST) phases (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) have been deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate by using a metallo-organic decomposition process. Both the PST perovskite and the CFO spinel phases are confirmed from X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra of the composite films. The composite films exhibit room temperature multiferroic properties. The values of saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr), and coercive field (Hc) of the composite films are in the range of 108–119 kA/m, 42–51 kA/m, and 44.5–64.1 kA/m, respectively. In addition, the saturation polarization (Ps), remanent polarization (Pr), and electrical coercive field (Ec) are observed in the range of 11.3–14.4 μC/cm2, 2.9–4.8 μC/cm2, and 56–59.5 kV/cm, respectively. The dielectric response in the presence of applied magnetic field, Hdc ∼ 238.6 kA/m shows a high magnetocapacitance value ∼385% at frequency 100 kHz for CFO/PST composite film with x = 0.1. The maximum magnetoelectric voltage co-efficient value, αE ∼ 380 kV/(m × T) has been achieved in the composite films with x = 0.1. The influence of elastic/and or interfacial strain on multiferroic magnetoelectric properties is evident from the results.
Receptor-independent intracellular radical scavenging activity of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (2007)

Telmisartan inhibits intracellular oxidative stress, at least in part, in a receptor-independent manner, possibly owing to its lipophilic and antioxidant structure.
CO oxidoreductase from Streptomyces strain G26 is a molybdenum hydroxylase (1988)

CO oxidoreductase was purified to 95% homogeneity from crude mycelial extracts of Streptomyces G26. The purified preparation has a specific activity of 25.7 units/mg, a 13-fold improvement on crude soluble mycelial extracts. The native enzyme (Mr 282,000) is composed of non-identical subunits of Mr 110,000 and 33,000. It is a molybdenum hydroxylase containing 1.6 mol of FAD, 7.3 mol of Fe, 8.3 mol of acid-labile sulphide and 1.3 mol of Mo per mol of enzyme. Purified CO oxidoreductase catalyses the reduction of benzyl viologen, confirming the previously reported ability of this enzyme to interact with low-potential acceptors. Cytochrome c reduction cannot be accounted for entirely by non-enzymic reduction by superoxide radicals. NAD+ and NADP+ are not reduced, nor is clostridial ferredoxin.
An Herbal Derivative as the Basis for a New Approach to Treating Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (2016)

Abstract : Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful disease that causes the progressive destruction of joint structures, and is the most common cause of disability among military service members who are removed from active duty for medical reasons. In preliminary work with a small number of animals, we have found that the natural product derivative halofuginone (HF) shows promise with respect to reducing cartilage damage in the destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of PTOA. HF inhibits glutamyl- prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS), the enzyme responsible for charging tRNAs with the amino acid proline. The goal of this grant is to test the hypothesis that EPRS inhibitors will provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy for PTOA. We report here: 1) Preliminary analysis of a study of efficacy of the EPRS inhibitors HF and its less toxic derivative HFol, on PTOA in mice, using the DMM model; 2) Data examining the transcriptomics of HF effects on responses to cytokines in synoviocytes. 3) preliminary characterization of an in vitro chondrocyte system in which chondrocytes retain strong responsiveness to cytokines.
Validity and the design of market segments (2009)

Abstract This literature-based paper reviews the nature of segmentation knowledge including many of the claims and the criticisms associated with both theory and practice. It then turns specifically to segment design and the choice of variables for segmentation of consumer markets. A vast inventory of possible segmentation variables is available and although the reasons for choosing any one or any combination may sometimes be clear and obvious this is not always the case. The paper works from first principles by considering the initial design of market segments which then leads into assessment of available segments. It suggests that segment design and variable choice necessarily include evaluation which can be framed by using the standard approaches to establishing validity. The paper also comments on the subjectivity associated with the creation and the subsequent construal and consumption of segment solutions. Keywords: MARKET SEGMENTATIONSEGMENTATION VARIABLESSEGMENT DESIGNCHOICEVALIDITY
Outcomes of a conservative care program for knee osteoarthritis through translation of research into practice (2020)

Results of the program indicate that the clinically significant 3-month findings in the report by Skou et al. (2015) regarding functional improvement can be replicated in an alternate setting. Organizing and offering fundamental components of condition management in a group format with provider oversight could be a feasible and logical component in the continuum of care for knee osteoarthritis, while complementing other secondary management strategies following diagnosis.
Casein Kinases I of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: Their Possible Roles in Circadian Timing and Developmental Determination (2006)

Doubletime (DBT), a homolog of casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), is an essential circadian clock component and developmental regulator in Drosophila melanogaster. The authors cloned a dbt homolog from the silkworm, Bombyx mori(Bmdbt), and examined its spatial and temporal expression in comparison to a CKI[alpha] homolog (BmCKIalpha). Four Bmdbt splice variants and 2 BmCKIalpha splice variants were detected, and their expression patterns varied in different tissues. The level of Bmdbt transcript in the brain was constant under LD 12:12 while those of BmCKIalpha transcripts fluctuated with a decrease at ZT12. In situ hybridization showed presumably identical distribution of dbt, CKIalpha, and per transcripts in the putative clock neurons of the head ganglia, as well as in the retina, where CKI-and PER-like immunoreactivities were colocalized, suggesting a possible involvement of both CKIs in the B. mori circadian system. Signals were detected at 4 Ia(1) neurons in each dorsolateral protocerebrum, 6 to 8 cells in the pars intercerebralis, about 6 cells in the suboesophageal ganglion, 2 neurons in the frontal ganglion, and most of the photoreceptors. All these cells contained dbt, CKIalpha, and per antisense transcripts. The Northern analysis of dbtand CKIalpha transcripts at different developmental stages showed that both genes were expressed at relatively high levels during early embryogenesis and in the ovary. The levels of CKIalpha transcripts were also high in the late larval stages until the mid-fifth instar and then suddenly disappeared before larval-pupal ecdysis. In contrast, the transcriptional activity of both genes was low in diapausing eggs.
The Product Life Cycle of Engineered Metals: A ComparativeAnalysis of the Application of Product Life Cycle Theory (1992)

Examines the use of Product Life Cycle (PLC) in analyzing the rise and fall in product demand. Applies the cycle stages: product development, introduction, growth, maturity, decline to the demand behaviour of industrial materials such as steel, aluminium, titanium. Relates the demand pattern of the Gross Domestic Product and the relative development of the national economy, e.g. USA. Concludes that the PLC invariably parallels the GDP.
B-cell lymphoma presenting with renal failure associated to spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome and urinary tract obstruction. (2012)

The acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) may be a dramatic complication of anticancer treatment. It occurs mostly in haematological malignancies and less commonly in solid tumors. Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) has been reported more frequently in Burkitt's lymphomas than in other haematological tumors, and exceptionally in solid tumors like small-cell lung carcinoma and germ-cell tumors. We report on the case of a patient with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the urinary tract involved by acute renal failure due to STLS and complicated by obstructive uropathy subsequent to neoplastic infiltration of the bladder. Hyperhydration, urine alkalinization, urate oxidase administration and continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) permitted to control the initial renal failure and to administer chemotherapy. The patient then developed chemotherapy-induced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) controlled by urate oxidase administration, hyperhydration and urine alkalinization. The treatment of TLS and the differences between ATLS and STLS are discussed.
Anomalous MOS capacitance behavior in depletion-mode structures (1984)

Room-temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature capacitance measurements on enclosed-channel depletion-mode structures have shown anomalous behavior in the accumulation region of operation. Simulation has shown that the potential minimum in the buried channel of the depletion-mode device prevents high frequency variation in the accumulation-layer hole concentration. It is postulated that similar effects may be expected in depletion-mode devices using recessed oxide isolation.