gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separability of place and voicing cues for initial consonants in natural speech (1977)

Acoustic cues in natural speech specifying place and manner of articulation for the initial stop consonants /bdpt/ were examined with a reaction-time task to determine their perceptual separability. In condition one, subjects discriminated pairs of natural CV syllables differing by a single cue, place (e.g., /b/ versus /d/) or voicing. In condition two, syllables differing on both cues redundantly (e.g., /b/ versus /t/ were discriminated, and in condition three, discriminations were based on a single-cue difference although nonrelevant variations in the order cue were also present (e.g., /b/ versus /d/ and /t/). If cues are separable, redundant differences should not facilitate discriminations and decrease reaction times, nor should nonrelevant variations increase. reaction times. For single-cue contrasts, voiced place cues (i.e., /d/ versus /b/) and alveolar voicing cues (i.e., /d/ versus /t/) were best discriminated. Redundant cues facilitated discriminations slightly; however, nonrelevant cue variations did not increase reaction times. The partially separable place and voicing cues are contrasted with the inseparability of cues for place and vowel identity reported by Wood and Day [Percept. Psychophys. 17, 346–350 (1975)]. [Supported by NIMH and NICHD.]
Lack of C1q Reactivity in Post-LVAD Patient Sera. (2014)

End stage heart disease can be treated with implantation of a mechanical circulatory support device, often to assist the left ventricle (LVAD) as a bridge to heart transplantation. During the LVAD operation patients may be exposed to large volumes of blood and blood products resulting in production of anti-HLA antibodies (Abs). This higher degree of HLA sensitization results in positive virtual crossmatches, eliminating many potential donors. However, when LVAD patients are transplanted they do not have a different rejection severity or frequency or poorer graft outcome than non-LVAD or non-sensitized heart transplant recipients. We hypothesized that while these LVAD treated patients display anti-HLA Abs these Abs may not be C1q reactive and therefore may not be functionally deleterious. We evaluated 90 patients (61 male, 29 female, mean age of 54 years). Seventy-three patient sera were evaluated pre-LVAD and 17 patient sera post-LVAD for the presence of cI and cII HLA Abs and C1q reactivity using One Lambda, Inc. reagents and following manufacturers instructions. The cI and cII PRAs pre and post LVAD were divided into three groups. For cI PRAs of 0-5% were seen in 57% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 59% of patients post-LVAD. PRAs of > 5-50% were seen in 23% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 29% of patients post-LVAD. Finally, PRAs of > 50% were seen in 20% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 12% of patients post-LVAD. Class II PRAs of 0-5% were seen in 83% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 59% of patients post-LVAD. Class II PRAs of > 5-50% were seen in 7% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 29% of patients post-LVAD (p≤0.05). Finally, PRAs of >50% were seen in 10% of patients pre-LVAD vs. 12% of patients post-LVAD. Pre-LVAD C1q reactivity was seen in 38% of patients with cI HLA Abs and 45% of patients with cII HLA Abs. However, in contradistinction to the pre-LVAD C1q positive reactivity only 8% of both cI and/or cII post-LVAD sera were C1q positive (8% vs. 38%, p<0.01; 8% vs. 45%, p<0.01) These data suggest that while HLA antibodies are present in post-LVAD patient sera 92% of these antibodies tested as C1q non-reactive. This may explain why these identifiable HLA antibodies do not adversely impact LVAD treated heart transplant patients.
Exact analysis of the acoustic scattering by an arbitrarily insonified spherical body near a flat boundary (1994)

The acoustic scattering by spherical bodies (hard, soft, or elastic) near flat boundaries (hard or soft) insonified by plane waves at arbitrary incident angles is analyzed exactly in the low and intermediate frequency ranges. To satisfy the boundary conditions at the flat boundary as well as on the surface of the sphere, the mathematical problem is formulated using the image technique. The scattering wave fields are expanded in terms of the classical modal series of spherical wave functions utilizing the translational addition theorem. Quite similar to the problem of multiple scattering by spheres, numerical computation of the scattered wave pressure involves the solution of an ill-conditioned complex matrix system the size of which depends on how many terms of the modal series are required for convergence. This in turn depends on the value of the frequency, the proximity of the spherical body relative to the flat boundary and the incident angle. The ill-conditioned matrix equation can be solved using the Gauss–Seidel iteration method and back scattered echoes from the spherical bodies are extensively calculated. [Work supported by the NSWC Independent Research Program.]
Direct Copper‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Benzyl Phenyl Ketones with Aryl Iodides: Route towards Tamoxifen (2012)

No activation needed: The first efficient method for direct α-arylation of non-activated or non-protected family of enolizable ketones with simple aryl iodides employs a catalytic copper system. The method shows potential for the easy and step-economical synthesis of tamoxifen, the most commonly administrated drug for the management of breast cancer. R, R′, R′′ = electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ritz and harmonic Ritz values and the convergence of FOM and GMRES (1999)

The Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are approximate eigenvalues, which can be computed cheaply within the FOM and GMRES Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving non-symmetric linear systems. They are also the zeros of the residual polynomials of FOM and GMRES, respectively. In this paper we show that the Walker–Zhou interpretation of GMRES enables us to formulate the relation between the harmonic Ritz values and GMRES in the same way as the relation between the Ritz values and FOM. We present an upper bound for the norm of the difference between the matrices from which the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are computed. The differences between the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values enable us to describe the breakdown of FOM and stagnation of GMRES. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadratic Hamiltonian for quantum computation with continuous variables (2010)

We introduce a family of Hamiltonian systems for measurement-based quantum computation with continuous variables. The Hamiltonians (i) are quadratic, and therefore two body, (ii) are of short range, (iii) are frustration-free, and (iv) possess a constant energy gap proportional to the squared inverse of the squeezing. Their ground states are the celebrated Gaussian graph states, which are universal resources for quantum computation in the limit of infinite squeezing. These Hamiltonians constitute the basic ingredient for the adiabatic preparation of graph states and thus open new venues for the physical realization of continuous-variable quantum computing beyond the standard optical approaches. We characterize the correlations in these systems at thermal equilibrium. In particular, we prove that the correlations across any multipartition are contained exactly in its boundary, automatically yielding a correlation area law.
Derivatives: Principles and Practice (2nd Edition) (2015)

It has been the authors' experience that the overwhelming majority of students in MBA derivatives courses go on to careers where a deep conceptual, rather than solely mathematical, understanding of products and models is required. The first edition of Derivatives looks to create precisely such a blended approach, one that is formal and rigorous, yet intuitive and accessible. The main body of this book is divided into six parts. Parts 1-3 cover, respectively, futures and forwards; options; and swaps. Part 4 examines term-structure modeling and the pricing of interest-rate derivatives, while Part 5 is concerned with credit derivatives and the modeling of credit risk. Part 6 discusses computational issues.
Preparation of Sodium Nitrotetrazolate Using Microreactor Technology (2005)

Sodium nitrotetrazolate (NaNT) is an energetic material with a wide range of uses in explosive and propellant chemistry. The most efficient method of synthesis of NaNT from 5aminotetrazole involves the formation of a potentially hazardous tetrazole-diazonium intermediate which is extremely sensitive and initiation of a very exothermic decomposition is possible. Because of this sensitivity, scaling the reaction up from lab scale to commercial production levels is not feasible in a batch system. This paper investigates the benefits of synthesizing sodium 5-nitrotetrazolate by using a continuous microreactor technique. The microreactor approach allows for continuous production rather than batch processing, thereby minimizing the quantity of hazardous intermediates without sacrificing the through put production of the final product. Because of the reduced scale and reduced associated hazard, the microreactor method also eliminates the need for a number of processing steps, thereby reducing the cost and potentially improving the effective yield of the final product.
A Flexible Software Architecture for Hybrid Tracking (2004)

Abstract Fusion of vision‐based and inertial pose estimation has many high‐potential applications in navigation, robotics, and augmented reality. Our research aims at the development of a fully mobile, completely self‐contained tracking system, that is able to estimate sensor motion from known 3D scene structure. This requires a highly modular and scalable software architecture for algorithm design and testing. As the main contribution of this paper, we discuss the design of our hybrid tracker and emphasize important features: scalability, code reusability, and testing facilities. In addition, we present a mobile augmented reality application, and several first experiments with a fully mobile vision‐inertial sensor head. Our hybrid tracking system is not only capable of real‐time performance, but can also be used for offline analysis of tracker performance, comparison with ground truth, and evaluation of several pose estimation and information fusion algorithms. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Grain Protein Concentration with In‐line Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (2008)

The advent of near infrared (NIR) on‐combine sensors gives growers the opportunity to measure the grain protein concentration of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during harvest. A study consisting of three sequential experiments (laboratory bench, combine test stand, and field) was conducted to evaluate the performance of an in‐line, NIR reflectance spectrometer, referred to as the ProSpectra Grain Analyzer, possessing a factory calibration model. In the laboratory bench experiment, the instrument was mounted to a circulating impeller apparatus designed to simulate a moving stream of grain. The ProSpectra performed well on a validation set of 231 grain samples of soft white winter wheat and explained a high level of protein variability ( R 2 = 0.91, SEP = 3.1 g kg −1 ) with a slope near unity. In the second experiment, the sensor was installed on a combine test stand constructed from the cross and exit augers, and clean grain elevator of a combine, to create the grain flow conditions found on a combine. Predicted protein was highly correlated ( R 2 = 0.93, SEP = 4.5 g kg −1 ) with reference protein of nine large (14‐kg) wheat samples. During the third experiment, the instrument was placed on the exit auger of a Case IH 1470 combine for the harvest of a 17‐ha winter wheat field. Prospectra protein predictions correlated well with reference protein measurements ( R 2 = 0.94, SEP = 3.1 g kg −1 ). This study demonstrated the feasibility of using in‐line NIR reflectance spectroscopy to rapidly (0.5 Hz measurement rate) and accurately (SEP &lt; 5.0 g g −1 ) measure wheat protein in a moving grain stream.
Verifying Attention Robustness of Deep Neural Networks against Semantic Perturbations (2022)

In this paper, we propose the first verification method for attention robustness, i.e., the local robustness of the changes in the saliency-map against combinations of semantic perturbations. Specmcally, our method determines the range of the perturbation parameters (e.g., the amount of brightness change) that maintains the difference between the actual saliencymap change and the expected saliency-map change below a given threshold value. Our method is based on linear activation region traversals, focusing on the outermost boundary of attention robustness for scalability on larger deep neural networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of ent‐Dysiherbaine from Sulfinyl Dihydropyrans by Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Tethered Aminohydroxylation. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectroscopic Properties of Fluorescein and Rhodamine Dyes Attached to DNA (2009)

We report the spectroscopic properties of fluorescein, x-rhodamine, tetramethyl-rhodamine, attached to single strand, duplex DNA, and to the digestion products by DNAse I. The properties reported include: molar absorptivity, quantum yield, absorbance and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetime, intrinsic lifetime (tau0), static quenching (S) and the Förster critical distances (R0) between fluorescein and x-rhodamine or tetramethyl-rhodamine (acceptors). These spectroscopic properties depend strongly on the local dye environment. Fluorescein was studied: (1) attached to biotin (BF), (2) BF bound to avidin; and attached to two positions in DNA. X-rhodamine and tetramethyl-rhodamine were studied as free dyes and attached at the 5'-end of DNA. We propose a general method to determine the molar absorptivity and tau0 of a dye attached to DNA based on the reaction of a biotinylated and dye-labeled oligomer with standardized avidin. The molar absorptivity of a second dye attached to a DNA duplex can be obtained by comparing spectra of doubly and singly labeled sequences. S, arising from dye-DNA interactions can then be determined. R0 for free and attached dyes showed differences from 1.1 to 4.2 A. We present evidence for the direct interaction of dyes attached to the termini of various single-stranded DNA sequences.
Propriétés magnétiques à basse température de catalyseurs divisés à base d’oxyde de cuivre. II (1974)

Les propriétés magnétiques caractéristiques des grains fins antiferromagnétiques ont été observées sur des catalyseurs à base d’oxydes de cuivre divisés. Elles dépendent de la température de préparation. Des solides obtenus à 150 °C présentent une aimantation thermorémanente alors que celui préparé à 500 °C possède les caractéristiques de l’oxyde en masse. Les gaz de l’atmosphère entraînent un changement des propriétés magnétiques tant par création de phases chimiques superficielles que par la réorganisation du réseau cristallin. Le vieillissement des solides a pu être observé à l’aide des techniques d’étude magnétique.
MU-MIMO Decomposition Transmission with Limited Feedback (2007)

Downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission techniques have gained much attention recently because of their potential to significantly increase system capacity compared to single-user transmission by separating multiple users in the space domain through appropriate signal processing. Unfortunately, these techniques require accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) for their proper operation. In practice however perfect CSIT is hard to obtain due to capacity-limited feedback channel in FDD systems for example. In this paper we investigate systems employing MU-MIMO decomposition transmission in the downlink with limited feedback. In particular, the essential information that enables the scheme to deal with inter-user interference is identified and the optimal codebook design in terms of minimizing the residual inter-user interference power is derived. Simulation results show that in general limited feedback has a significant impact on the mutual information achieved by MU-MIMO decomposition transmission.
El Moderno destilador - licorista : aguardientes, jarabes, cervezas y vinagres : contiene más de 2.000 fórmulas...con notables secretos inéditos (1877)

Índex
Measurement and Modeling of Tissue Thermal Conductivity With Variable Water Content and Compression (2016)

The effects of water content and compression level on tissue thermal conductivity were studied. These effects are important in electrosurgery, as tissue is subjected to both compression and thermal heating. Ex vivo canine spleen tissue was used in this study. A thermal diffusion probe technique was employed to measure the tissue thermal conductivity in three different conditions. First, the tissue thermal conductivity with different water content levels was measured. The measured thermal conductivity decreased as the percentage of water within the tissue decreased. Second, the tissue thermal conductivity under compression, up to 77%, was measured and it showed a 9% reduction as the load was applied. Third, desiccated tissue was compressed, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The compression effect on thermal conductivity was less prominent in the desiccated tissue because less water was squeezed out due to compression. A three-phase Maxwell–Eucken model was developed to predict the tissue thermal conductivity for varying water content and compression levels. The model used the ratio of air, tissue fiber, and water to predict the thermal conductivity and showed a good agreement with the experimental data.
Transcriptional Profiling of Chondrodysplasia Growth Plate Cartilage Reveals Adaptive ER-Stress Networks That Allow Survival but Disrupt Hypertrophy (2011)

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type (MCDS) is characterized by mild short stature and growth plate hypertrophic zone expansion, and caused by collagen X mutations. We recently demonstrated the central importance of ER stress in the pathology of MCDS by recapitulating the disease phenotype by expressing misfolding forms of collagen X (Schmid) or thyroglobulin (Cog) in the hypertrophic zone. Here we characterize the Schmid and Cog ER stress signaling networks by transcriptional profiling of microdissected mutant and wildtype hypertrophic zones. Both models displayed similar unfolded protein responses (UPRs), involving activation of canonical ER stress sensors and upregulation of their downstream targets, including molecular chaperones, foldases, and ER-associated degradation machinery. Also upregulated were the emerging UPR regulators Wfs1 and Syvn1, recently identified UPR components including Armet and Creld2, and genes not previously implicated in ER stress such as Steap1 and Fgf21. Despite upregulation of the Chop/Cebpb pathway, apoptosis was not increased in mutant hypertrophic zones. Ultrastructural analysis of mutant growth plates revealed ER stress and disrupted chondrocyte maturation throughout mutant hypertrophic zones. This disruption was defined by profiling the expression of wildtype growth plate zone gene signatures in the mutant hypertrophic zones. Hypertrophic zone gene upregulation and proliferative zone gene downregulation were both inhibited in Schmid hypertrophic zones, resulting in the persistence of a proliferative chondrocyte-like expression profile in ER-stressed Schmid chondrocytes. Our findings provide a transcriptional map of two chondrocyte UPR gene networks in vivo, and define the consequences of UPR activation for the adaptation, differentiation, and survival of chondrocytes experiencing ER stress during hypertrophy. Thus they provide important insights into ER stress signaling and its impact on cartilage pathophysiology.
Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden?* (2020)

Acne (also known as acne vulgaris) remains the most common inflammatory dermatosis treated worldwide, as estimated by global skin disease prevalence studies. Latest reports suggest that the prevalence may be increasing in adolescents and adults, particularly female adults. The concept of 'burden of skin disease' is multidimensional and can be difficult to quantify in light of different healthcare systems across the globe. In acne, the resulting burden may vary according to patient demographics, access to treatments and duration of the disease. The visible nature of acne, symptoms and sequelae all contribute physically and psychosocially to the overall burden of disease, as do the costs required for management. Acne typically presents in adolescence at a time of significant transition. Profound effects on functional status have been demonstrated, along with a strong impact on interpersonal relationships, social functioning and mental health. The high prevalence of acne also presents an economic burden for society. The widespread and prolonged use of antibiotics introduces a potential added burden through resulting antimicrobial resistance. A James Lind Alliance Acne Priority Setting Partnership has identified numerous areas to inform future research, which would help to improve acne management and reduce the burden. The lack of standardized assessments is a major issue in acne trials and challenges the ability to compare treatments and perform meta-analyses. This paper reviews the current literature on burden of acne, identifies areas of treatment uncertainties and summarizes the work of the Acne Core Outcome Research Network as a means of supporting a reduction in the burden of disease.
Claudin (CLDN)3 positivity in benign breast tissue and invasive ductal breast carcinoma (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Claudin-1, -3 and -4 proteins and mRNA expression in benign and malignant breast lesions: a research study"Breast Cancer Research 2005;7(2):R296-R305.Published online 31 Jan 2005PMCID:PMC1064136.Copyright © 2005 Tőkés et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd. CLDN3 positivity in benign breast tissue. Regular immunohistochemical reaction of benign breast epithelial cells using polyclonal CLDN3 antibody. Continous membrane staining characterizes most of the luminal epithelial cells. Sections were counter-stained with Mayer's haemalaun. The chromogen substrate was aminoethylcarbazol. (Original magnification: 400×.) CLDN3 positivity in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. CLDN3 positivity is apparent in the membranes of some carcinoma cells. Sections were counter-stained with Mayer's hemalaun. The chromogen substrate was aminoethylcarbazol. (Original magnification: 600×.) CLDN3 positivity in benign breast epithelium. CLDN3 positivity is seen in the majority of the membranes of benign epithelial cells. CLDN3 appeared to be localized in normal breast close to the apical end of the cell membranes or in the basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells. The primary antibody was CLDN3 polyclonal antibody (Zymed); the secondary antibody was IgG conjugated to Alexafluor 488 (Molecular Probes). Cell nuclei were counter-stained with propidium iodide. The image was obtained using laser scanning confocal microscopy (MRC 1024; Bio-Rad). (Original magnification: 400×.) CLDN3 positivity in benign breast epithelium. CLDN3 positivity is seen in the membranes of the majority of breast epithelial cells. The positive membrane reaction is incomplete in most of the cells. The primary antibody was CLDN3 polyclonal antibody (Zymed). Sections were counter-stained with Mayer's haemalaun. The chromogen substrate was aminoethylcarbazol. (Original magnification: 400×.)