gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inside Cover: Tetrazolylhydrazides as Selective Fragment‐Like Inhibitors of the JumonjiC‐Domain‐Containing Histone Demethylase KDM4A (ChemMedChem 11/2015) (2015)

The inside cover picture shows a cross-sectional view of histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) with a trimethylated histone fragment and 2-oxoglutarate, its substrate and cosubstrate, respectively, bound to the active center. Previous publications indicate the ambiguous involvement of this enzyme in oncogenesis. We prepared small, fragment-like tetrazole derivatives that bear a metal-chelating acylhydrazide warhead and are able to competitively inhibit this key player in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Relative selectivity for KDM4A over related demethylases could be demonstrated. More details can be found in the Full Paper by Andreas Link et al. on page 1875 in Issue 11, 2015 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500335).
Synthesis of polyethylene macromonomers and their radical copolymerizations with methyl methacrylate in homogeneous and oligoethylene melts media (2000)

Abstract Polyethylene (PE) macromonomers carrying a methacryloyl (MA) group [(PE-MA-n), CH3-[CH2] n-2-CH2-MA, where n = 32, 52, 64, and 72] were synthesized by reacting methacryloyl chloride with the corresponding linear higher alcohols (Uniline™, Petrolite Corp., USA). The monomer reactivity ratio (r 1) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) (M1) in the copolymerization with the PE macromonomers (M2) was determined at 87°C in toluene, with 1,1′-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) as an initiator. An apparently higher reactivity of the PE macromonomer (1/r 1 > 1) was observed, supposedly due to its low solubility at the polymerization temperature. The addition of a small amount of PMMA-graft-PE to the PMMA films decreased the surface wettability of the films, revealing that grafted PE chains are generally dominant on their surface. Non-aqueous dispersion copolymerizations of MMA with the PE macromonomers in dodecane and in oligoethylene melts (M n = 400, M w/M n = 1.08) at 95°C successfully afforded submicrometer-sized PMMA microspheres, which are sterically stabilized by the grafted PE chains. Keywords: Polyethylene macromonomerreactivity ratiograft copolymersurface modificationnon-aqueous dispersion polymerizationmicrospherereactive processing
Transmission of Substituent Effects through Oxygen and Sulfur Atoms. III. The Ionization Equilibrium Constants of Ring-substituted cis-β-Phenoxyacrylic Acids (1973)

Abstract cis-β-Phenoxyacrylic acid and several of its ring-substituted derivatives were prepared, and their ionization constants were determined in 50% ethanol–water at 25 °C. The Hammett ρ value for the ionization of these acids, 0.439, is smaller than that reported for cis-β-phenylthioacrylic acids, 0.531. The greater efficiency of the sulfur atom in transmitting the substituent effects is explainable in terms of the “through-conjugation” of the sulfur atom in the thioacrylate anions formed.
The Effect of Cross-Flow Vortex Trap Devices on the Aerodynamic Drag of Road Haulage Vehicles (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of Cross-Flow Vortex Trap Devices (CVTDs) on the local flow field and vehicle drag at a range of yaw angles has been investigated in wind tunnel experiments. The CVTD is a flow control device proposed by Bauer and Wood that aims to reduce the sensitivity of articulated road haulage vehicles to crosswinds by managing the tractor-trailer gap cross-flow. A 1/10th scale model is used in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 900,000. The aerodynamic drag force is measured using a load cell connected to a rotating, raised ground plane. This research also uses tuft flow visualization to examine the local flow fields and pressure taps to determine trailer pressure distributions. It is found that a configuration of four 45% length CVTDs reduces the wind-averaged drag coefficient by 12%. The drag mechanisms responsible for the reduced drag include a lower average pressure on the trailer front face, removal of the separation on the leeward side of the trailer due to a reduction in the gap cross-flow, and an increase in pressure on the leeward side of the trailer behind the tractor-trailer gap. Furthermore, it is found that the drag reduction performance increases with CVTD length but does not vary with the number of CVTDs between one and four. These results suggest that using a single CVTD or flexible sheet of material at the centerline of the cab-gap is the most viable solution, as there is no further benefit to using multiple devices. In addition, it allows for the greatest CVTD length without impeding articulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 3 from NF-κB, and not MYCN, Regulates MHC Class I and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases in Human Neuroblastoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from NF-κB, and not MYCN, Regulates MHC Class I and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases in Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Event Detection in Wireless Body Area Networks Using Kalman Filter and Power Divergence (2018)

The collected data by biomedical sensors must be analyzed for automatic detection of physiological changes. The early identification of an event in collected data is required to trigger an alarm upon detection of patient health degradation. Such alarms inform healthcare professionals and allow them to quickly react by taking appropriate actions. However, events result from physiological change or faulty measurements, and lead to false alarms and unnecessary medical intervention. In this paper, we propose a framework for automatic detection of events from collected data by biomedical sensors. The proposed approach is based on the Kalman filter to forecast the current measurement and to derive the baseline of the time series. The power divergence is used to measure the distance between the forecasted and measured values. When a change occurs, this metric significantly deviates from past values. To distinguish emergency events from faulty measurements, we exploit the spatial correlation between the monitored attributes. We conduct experiments on real physiological data set and our results show that our proposed framework achieves a good detection accuracy with a low false alarm rate. Its simplicity and processing speed make our proposed framework efficient and effective for real-world deployment.
Deregulation of methanol metabolism reverts transcriptional limitations of recombinant Pichia pastoris (Komagataella spp) with multiple expression cassettes under control of the AOX1 promoter (2019)

The methanol-regulated alcohol oxidase promoter (P<sub>AOX1</sub> ) of Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella spp. ) is one of the strongest promoters for heterologous gene expression. Although increasing the gene dosage is a common strategy to improve recombinant protein productivities, P. pastoris strains harboring more than two copies of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase gene (ROL) have previously shown a decrease in cell growth, lipase production, and substrate consumption, as well as a significant transcriptional downregulation of methanol metabolism. This pointed to a potential titration effect of key transcriptional factors methanol expression regulator 1 (Mxr1) and methanol-induced transcription factor (Mit1) regulating methanol metabolism caused by the insertion of multiple expression vectors. To prove this hypothesis, a set of strains carrying one and four copies of ROL (1C and 4C, respectively) were engineered to coexpress one or two copies of MXR1*, coding for an Mxr1 variant insensitive to repression by 14-3-3 regulatory proteins, or one copy of MIT1. Small-scale cultures revealed that growth, Rol productivity, and methanol consumption were improved in the 4C-MXR1* and 4C-MIT1, strains growing on methanol as a sole carbon source, whereas only a slight increase in productivity was observed for re-engineered 1C strains. We further verified the improved performance of these strains in glycerol-/methanol-limited chemostat cultures.
Fragments of Bacterial Endoglycosidase S and Immunoglobulin G Reveal Subdomains of Each That Contribute to Deglycosylation (2014)

Endoglycosidase S (EndoS) is a glycoside-hydrolase secreted by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. EndoS preferentially hydrolyzes the N-linked glycans from the Fc region of IgG during infection. This hydrolysis impedes Fc functionality and contributes to the immune evasion strategy of S. pyogenes. Here, we investigate the mechanism of human serum IgG deactivation by EndoS. We expressed fragments of IgG1 and demonstrated that EndoS was catalytically active against all of them including the isolated CH2 domain of the Fc domain. Similarly, we sought to investigate which domains within EndoS could contribute to activity. Bioinformatics analysis of the domain organization of EndoS confirmed the previous predictions of a chitinase domain and leucine-rich repeat but also revealed a putative carbohydrate binding module (CBM) followed by a C-terminal region. Using expressed fragments of EndoS, circular dichroism of the isolated CBM, and a CBM-C-terminal region fusion revealed folded domains dominated by β sheet and α helical structure, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the CBM with monosaccharides was suggestive of carbohydrate binding functionality. Functional analysis of truncations of EndoS revealed that, whereas the C-terminal of EndoS is dispensable for activity, its deletion impedes the hydrolysis of IgG glycans.
Effects of CRP infusion on endothelial function and coagulation in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects (2007)

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been suggested to exert direct adverse effects on the vasculature in experimental setups, including endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory changes. Here, we assessed the consequences of 1.25 mg/kg highly purified recombinant human CRP, administered as an intravenous bolus, in six patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and six normocholesterolemic subjects. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasoreactivity to serotonin and nitroprusside, respectively, were assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography before and after CRP infusion. For biochemical analyses, blood was drawn at different time points. At baseline, FH patients showed blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation (maximum, 89.2 +/- 30.0% vs. 117.7 +/- 13.1% in normolipidemic subjects; P = 0.037). Procoagulant activity was also higher in FH patients, illustrated by increased prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F(1+2)) levels (P = 0.030) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) activity (P = 0.016). Upon CRP challenge, endothelium-dependent vasodilator capacity further deteriorated in FH patients (P = 0.029), whereas no change in vascular reactivity was observed in normolipidemic subjects. Additionally, coagulation activation was augmented in FH patients compared with normolipidemic subjects (P = 0.009 for F(1+2) levels; P = 0.018 and P = 0.003 for PAI-1 antigen and activity, respectively). No difference in inflammatory responses was observed between groups. In hypercholesterolemic patients, CRP aggravates endothelial dysfunction and also evokes augmented procoagulant responses. These findings suggest that particularly in hypercholesterolemia, CRP-lowering strategies should be considered in addition to LDL reduction.
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory: The Path to Competitiveness and Scalability (2008)

This paper provides an in-depth review of the magnetoresistive random access memory technology and its developments over the past decade. Both the traditional field-driven and more recent spin torque transfer driven designs are discussed. By pointing out key technical challenges, important aspects and characteristics of various designs are used to illustrate mechanisms that overcome the technical obstacles. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to the principles of various designs based on spin torque transfer effect, including memory elements with in-plane and perpendicular magnetic electrodes.
Learning Collaborative Filtering and Its Application to People to People Recommendation in Social Networks (2010)

Predicting people who other people may like has recently become an important task in many online social networks. Traditional collaborative filtering (CF) approaches are popular in recommender systems to effectively predict user preferences for items. One major problem in CF is computing similarity between users or items. Traditional CF methods often use heuristic methods to combine the ratings given to an item by similar users, which may not reflect the characteristics of the active user and can give unsatisfactory performance. In contrast to heuristic approaches we have developed CollabNet, a novel algorithm that uses gradient descent to learn the relative contributions of similar users or items to the ranking of recommendations produced by a recommender system, using weights to represent the contributions of similar users for each active user. We have applied CollabNet to the challenging problem of people to people recommendation in social networks, where people have a dual role as both "users" and "items", e.g., both initiating and receiving communications, to recommend other users to a given user, based on user similarity in terms of both taste (whom they like) and attractiveness (who likes them). Evaluation of CollabNet recommendations on datasets from a commercial online social network shows improved performance over standard CF.
Oxidized phospholipids as triggers of inflammation in atherosclerosis (2005)

Chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the factors, which trigger processes that determine the outcome of an inflammatory response, are still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that certain lipid oxidation products, such as oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), may represent endogenously formed factors that are capable of triggering vascular inflammation. This review will address important questions regarding mechanisms involved in acute and chronic inflammation, and discuss the role of OxPL as key players in triggering the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Better understanding of how OxPL contribute to vascular inflammation should lead to new strategies in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
Fast Service Migration Method Based on Virtual Machine Technology for MEC (2018)

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile edge computing (MEC) has become an effective solution to meet the energy efficiency and delay requirements of IoT applications. In MEC systems, tasks can be offloaded from lightweight mobile devices to edge nodes that are nearer to the users. To improve user experience, we combine remote loading and redirection to accelerate the service migration. By tracing historic access patterns, the proposed method first generates a loading request list that locates the core codes in the image file of service applications for booting. The core codes are then be prefetched and cached automatically. Furthermore, to avoid the potential UI lagging caused by incomplete service migration, edge nodes can continuously load the remaining codes in the image file. Once the image file is completely migrated, the file will be reconstructed. The running virtual machine (VM) then switches data access to the merged image file. Experiments show that this method can observably reduce the loading time of a VM-based application.
Oxidation of Carbon Particles in Supercritical Water:  Rate and Mechanism (2004)

Oxidation of a carbon particle in supercritical water was studied in a flow-type reaction cell by directly observing the change in the size and shape of the particle through a sapphire window attached to the cell. Three types of carbon were investigated: activated carbon, synthetic graphite, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The reaction was observed at a pressure of 23−30 MPa and a temperature of 673−873 K. The spherical particles (3−4 mm in diameter) of both the activated carbon and the synthetic graphite became smaller while maintaining their shape, indicating that the reaction occurred nearly at the surface of the sphere. The reaction was first order with respect to O2 concentration. The rate of the decrease in the radius was in the order of μm s-1 for the activated carbon, and the rate was about an order of magnitude slower for the synthetic graphite. The rate of O2 mass transfer was estimated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations, showing good agreement with the reaction rate of the activated carbon. Calculated surface temperature of the particle was higher than the fluid temperature by 200 K at its highest due to the heat of the surface reaction, C+O2 → CO2. This temperature difference caused density distribution in the fluid, and led to significant natural convection above the particle. The observed shadowgraph around the particle showed a texture corresponding to the above calculated flow field. This phenomenon was also taken into account in the CFD calculation of O2 mass transfer rate. Thus, the external mass transfer of O2 to the particle surface limited the reaction rate of the activated carbon. On the other hand, the reaction rate of the synthetic graphite was limited by the surface reaction. Oxidation rate of HOPG was so slow that no reduction in size or weight was observed. The activation energy for the oxidation rate of the synthetic graphite under surface-reaction-limited kinetics, 127 ± 10 kJ mol-1, was smaller than the values reported for the graphite combustion rates at ordinary pressures. The discrepancy can be partly due to characteristic reactions in supercritical water oxidation.
Fire Retardants for Phase Change Materials (2021)

Fire-retarded form-stable phase change material (PCM) products consisting of paraffin (RT21) (or propyl ester), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and fire retardants were prepared using the Brabender Plastograph. The properties of the form-stable PCM, containing different types of fire retardants such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, expanded graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and treated montmorillonite (MMT) were classified using vertical burning test, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results from the vertical burning test have shown that the form-stable PCM which contained APP + PER + MMT and APP + EG showed the best improvement in fire retardancy since it can self-extinguish by forming a large residue. The TGA graphs showed that the addition of fire retardants has increased thermal stability of material by increasing the amount or residues formed, which was also supported by the Con Calorimeter testing, while DSC results showed that adding fire retardants to PCM did not change its thermal properties significantly.
Carbon and nitrogen utilization by Micromonospora strains. (1983)

The utilization of 28 nitrogen compounds and 24 carbohydrates by 23 strains of Micromonospora was examined after growth on a chemically defined medium. Inorganic ammonium salts served as better nitrogen sources than nitrate salts, and most of the organisms metabolized acidic or basic amino acids more extensively than neutral ones, except for L-serine. Utilization of carbohydrates in the defined medium did not always correspond to that observed when Luedemann's medium was used as a basal medium. Experiments using p-nitrophenylglycosides indicated that α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase were present in all the strains. The diagnostic properties found in this study are discussed in terms of the classification of Micromonospora species.
Errors due to non-uniform distribution of fat in dual X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (1992)

Errors in spinal dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were studied by analysing X-ray CT scans taken for diagnostic purposes on 20 patients representing a wide range of fat content. The mean difference between the fat thickness over the vertebral bodies and that over a background area in antero-posterior (AP) scanning was 6.7 +/- 8.1 mm for men and 13.4 +/- 4.7 mm for women. For lateral scanning the mean fat thickness difference was only 4 mm for both sexes, but the dispersion was greater, with a standard deviation of 15 mm. To relate these differences to errors in bone mineral, measurements were made of the bone mineral equivalence of fat-equivalent materials on DXA machines from three manufacturers. 10 mm of adipose tissue was equivalent to -0.043 g/cm2 of hydroxyapatite. For AP scanning a non-uniform fat distribution leads to a mean overestimate of 0.029 g/cm2 for men and 0.057 g/cm2 for women. The error exceeded 0.1 g/cm2 in 10% of slices. For lateral scanning the error exceeded 0.1 g/cm2 (about 15% of normal) in a quarter of slices.
Studies on the Metabolic Fate of Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor ONO-5046Na (1): Plasma Concentration-profile, Distribution and Excretion after Single Intravenous Administration to Rats. (1997)

14C-ONO-5046·Naをラットに単回静脈内投与後の血漿中濃度-時間推移，分布および排泄について検討した． 1．雄性ラットに14C-ONO-5046·Naを静脈内急速投与(0.1から100mg/kg)すると，消失相における半減期は163.61から192.72分であった．1mg/kgまではAUC0-∞は用量に比例して増加した．0.1から100mg/kgまでの投与量では雌雄間の動態パラメータに大きな差はなかった． 2．雄性ラットに14C-ONO-5046·Naを0.1，1および10mg/kg/hrの速度で3時間静脈内持続投与した時，血漿中放射能はおよそ1.5時間で定常状態に達していた．また，定常状態の血漿中放射能濃度およびAUC0-∞は用量に依存して増加しており，消失半減期は232.29から631.63分であった． 3．雌雄ラットに1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与後30分において放射能は全身に分布し，腎臓，小腸および小腸内容物に高濃度の放射能が認められた．投与後24時間では放射能はほとんどの組織で定量限界となり，残留性を示す臓器は認められなかった． 4．雄性ラットに14C-ONO-5046·Naを1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与した後，24時間の糞および尿中排泄率はそれぞれ24.0および73.1%であった．投与後72時間までに尿と糞に排泄された総放射能は投与量の99.4%であった．一方，雌性ラットでは投与後24時間で糞および尿に排泄された割合はそれぞれ8.2および91.9%と雌雄差が認められた． 5．雌雄ラットに14C-ONO-5046·Naを1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与した時，2時間までの胆汁排泄率はそれぞれ33.0および14.0%であり雌雄差が認められた．また，投与後48時間までの累積排泄率はそれぞれ35.9および15.4%であった．胆汁中の放射能のほとんどが投与後2時間までに排泄された． 6．14C-ONO-5046·Naを1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与し排泄された胆汁を受容ラットの十二指腸内へ注入し，胆汁および尿へ回収された放射能から求めた再吸収率は雄および雌性ラットでそれぞれ38.9および42.5%であった．