gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PG27, an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii hook f, induces antigen-specific tolerance in bone marrow transplantation in mice (2000)

PG27, an active fraction purified from an extract of a Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii hook f, was used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a murine model. Lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) recipients of B10.D2 (H-2(d)) donor grafts were given daily intraperitoneal injections of PG27 (40 mg/kg per day) for the first 35 days after transplantation. Control mice were given daily injections of solvent vehicle (Ethanol and Cremophor EL). All the control recipients (15/15) died of GVHD within 90 days, but all the recipients given prophylactic treatment with PG27 (15/15) survived beyond 100 days without any signs of GVHD. Furthermore, the GVHD-free recipients were used as donors, and their bone marrow and spleen cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated normal BALB/c (same party) or lethally irradiated normal C3H (H-2(k), third party) mice. Although 10 of 10 same-party recipients survived more than 100 days without any signs of GVHD, 10 of 10 third-party C3H recipients died of GVHD within 40 days. Further studies of PG27 in the murine BCL1 leukemia/lymphoma model demonstrated that animals treated with PG27 partially retained the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect of the graft without GVHD. These results suggest that treatment with PG27 induces host-specific tolerance and retains the GVL effect of allogeneic marrow grafts. (Blood. 2000;95:705-710)
Detection of road ice formation by high frequency infrared temperature measurements (2010)

Winter road maintenance activities are crucial for maintaining the accessibility and traffic safety of the road network during winters. Common winter road maintenance activities include plowing and the use of de-icing agents (e.g. NaCl) to avoid freezing. Effective winter road maintenance strives towards keeping the roads free from snow and ice while reducing negative side effects of winter road maintenance, such as ground water contamination from road salt. Since the weather is decisive for when there is an increased risk of slipperiness, the understanding and continuous observation and forecasts of the road weather are of highest importance. Sensors are commonly installed along roads to measure road weather conditions to support the road maintenance personnel in taking appropriate actions. Different types of errors and uncertainties related to sensors used for frost warnings along roads have been investigated by using a regional scale dataset from south-western Sweden. The results from this study indicate that various types of uncertainties originate from both measurements and models which have a significant impact on the winter road maintenance efficiency. To provide better information about the road surface conditions, a new method for detecting ice formation on roads is presented. Infrared sensors were used to detect temperature patterns which may occur when ice formation take place on a road surface. The investigations demonstrate the potential to improve winter road maintenance by introducing new methods to better describe the road surface conditions.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Perinatal exposure to delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol causes enduring cognitive deficits associated with alteration of cortical gene expression and neurotransmission in rats (2007)

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether perinatal exposure to a moderate dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alters cortical gene expression and neurotransmission, leading to enduring cognitive dysfunctions in rat offspring. To this purpose, rat dams were treated, from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 9, with THC at a daily dose (5 mg/kg, per os) devoid of overt signs of toxicity. THC did not influence reproduction parameters, whereas it caused subtle neurofunctional deficits in the adult offspring. Particularly, perinatal THC induced long-lasting alterations of cortical genes related to glutamatergic and noradrenergic systems, associated with a decrease in the cortical extracellular levels of both neurotransmitters. These alterations may account, at least in part, for the enduring cognitive impairment displayed by THC-exposed offspring. Taken together, the present results highlight how exposure to cannabinoids during early stages of brain development can lead to irreversible, subtle dysfunctions in the offspring.
Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003 (2007)

Daily numbers of deaths at a regional level were collected in 16 European countries. Summer mortality was analyzed for the reference period 1998-2002 and for 2003. More than 70,000 additional deaths occurred in Europe during the summer 2003. Major distortions occurred in the age distribution of the deaths, but no harvesting effect was observed in the months following August 2003. Global warming constitutes a new health threat in an aged Europe that may be difficult to detect at the country level, depending on its size. Centralizing the count of daily deaths on an operational geographical scale constitutes a priority for Public Health in Europe.
Improving UPC productivity via integrated development tools (2010)

In the world of high-performance computing (HPC), there has been an increased focus in recent years upon the importance of productivity in HPC application development. One crucial aspect of productivity is the programming model used, and the family of partitioned global-address-space (PGAS) models, such as UPC and X10, has served to advance the state of the art in balancing performance and productivity. Also of great importance is the variety of development tools used to support activities such as editing, debugging, and optimizing programs. These tools are often most useful as part of an integrated development environment (IDE). While some progress has been made towards bringing IDE capabilities into the HPC world, in particular by way of Eclipse projects, support has mainly focused on MPI and OpenMP tools.
Conductive Polymers (1980)

Recent research has shown that polymers, normally thought of as being insulators, exhibit a wide range of electrical conductive properties.
PEG&lt;sub&gt;12000&lt;/sub&gt;-Gen4-(Gd-DOTA) als experimentelles MRT-Kontrastmittel zur nicht-invasiven Differenzierung von Tumoren unterschiedlicher Dignität (2010)

Ziele: Differenzierung chemisch-induzierter Tumoren unterschiedlicher Dignität mittels dynamischer MRT unter Einsatz des experimentellen makromolekularen Kontrastmittels PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DOTA). Methode: In 31 weiblichen Lewis-Ratten erfolgte die Tumorinduktion durch intraperitoneale Injektion von N-Ethyl-N-nitrosoharnstoff. Diese Substanz induziert Mammatumoren unterschiedlicher Dignität vom Fibroadenom bis zum anaplastischen Adenokarzinom. Sobald die Tumoren einen Durchmesser von 1cm erreicht hatten, erfolgte eine dynamische MRT-Untersuchung über 60 Minuten an einem Kleintier-MRT unter intravenöser Injektion von 0,04 mmol/Gd pro kg KG des experimentellen makromolekularen Kontrastmittels PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DOTA). Diese Substanz hat ein effektives Molekulargewicht von 194 kDa. Anhand eines Zweikompartment-Modells wurden fraktionales Plasmavolumen (fPV) und Permeabilität (KPS) der Tumorvaskularisation berechnet und mit den entsprechenden Parametern in Skelettmuskulatur verglichen. Nach der MRT-Untersuchung erfolgte die Entnahme der Tumoren zur histologischen Bestimmung der Dignität. Die Messergebnisse der unterschiedlichen Gewebe wurden hinsichtlich statistischer Signifikanz mit dem ANOVA-Test verglichen. Ergebnis: Permeabilitäten in Skelettmuskulatur, benignen und malignen Tumoren betrugen KPS=0,0±0,0; 0,45±0,12 und 1,16±0,16µl/min.cm3. Plasmavolumina wurden für Skelettmuskulatur, benigne und maligne Tumoren mit fPV=2,3±0,3; 5,4±0,7 und 7,6±0,6% ermittelt. Sowohl die mittels PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DOTA)-verstärkter dynamischer MRT bestimmten Permeabilitäten als auch die Plasmavolumina unterschieden sich in den drei untersuchten Geweben signifikant voneinander (p&lt;0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Das experimentelle makromolekulare MR-Kontrastmittel PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DOTA) scheint im Tierversuch geeignet, die Dignität von Tumoren anhand mikrovaskulärer Parameter zu bestimmen und neoplastisches Gewebe von normaler Skelettmuskulatur zu differenzieren.
Detail-preserving ranked-order based filters for image processing (1989)

The theoretical analysis of multistage median filters is developed. It is shown that multistage median filters are a combination of max/median and min/median filters. Since multistage median filters belong to the class of two-dimensional stack filters, they have threshold decomposition attributes making their theoretical analysis simple. Statistical threshold decomposition is applied to derive the statistical characteristics of these filters, and the results are used to evaluate the performance of these two types of multistage filters. Finally, a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the multistage filters and of other efficient detail-preserving filters is presented. The comparisons are made using the mean-squared-error and the mean-absolute-error criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Addition of Ionic Conductivity to Engineering Polymers by Means of Polypyrrole (2002)

In order to realize an electrolyte membrane for DMFC having low methanol permeability, addition of ionic conductivity by the introduction of polypyrrole into engineering polymers was attempted. By the chemical oxidation of pyrrole monomer inside the polymer matrix, the composite films of polypyrrole (PPy) and engineering plastics were prepared. By the PPy introduction to poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) the ionic conductivity across the film was increased. Methanol permeability was also examined to assess the performance of the film as the DMFC electrolyte. The composite film of PPy/PET, which was formed by pyrrole oxidation, showed better performance of high ionic conductivity and low methanol permeability.
Transfer function tuning of a broadband shoaling mechanical amplifier near the electrostatic instability (2017)

We present a tunable broadband shoaling mechanical amplifier and a method to extend its operation near the electrostatic pull-in instability. The model has been verified experimentally on a vacuum encapsulated silicon MEMS device. We show that by adding an appropriate mechanical compensation spring, the amplifier can be operated near the pull-in instability in a quasi-linear fashion. Furthermore, electrostatic band-pass region and amplification tuning is shown.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of optically pumped discharges (1998)

Summary form only given. The paper addresses the fundamental problems of energy transformation in nonequilibrium laser-excited plasmas. It is well known that a laser can be considered a heat engine. In particular, in molecular gas lasers excited by an electric discharge, the high-temperature electrons (i.e. the hot reservoir) excite the high quantum states of the molecules (the upper laser levels). Work is extracted front the system by the emission of coherent radiation the induced transitions between the upper and the lower laser levels, u/spl rarr/1. The rest of the energy is ultimately returned to the translational mode (i.e. the cold reservoir) in collisional relaxation of the lower laser levels. Typically, the electron temperature in such lasers is T/sub e//spl sim/1-2 eV, and the gas translational temperature is T/spl sim/100-300 K. The efficiency of such an engine is e=(E/sub u/-E/sub 1/)/E/sub u/, where E/sub u/ and E/sub 1/ are the energies of the upper and the lower laser levels, respectively, which can be shown to equal the reversible engine thermodynamic efficiency.
p38 MAPK Is an Early Determinant of Promiscuous Smad2/3 Signaling in the Aortas of Fibrillin-1 (Fbn1)-null Mice (2008)

Excessive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling characterizes the progression of aortic aneurysm in mouse models of Marfan syndrome, a systemic disorder of the connective tissue that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1. Fibrillin-1 mutations are believed to promote abnormal Smad2/3 signaling by impairing the sequestration of latent TGF-beta complexes into the extracellular matrix. Here we report that promiscuous Smad2/3 signaling is the cell-autonomous phenotype of primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) explanted from the thoracic aortas of Fbn1 mutant mice with either neonatal onset or progressively severe aortic aneurysm. This cellular phenotype was characterized in VSMC isolated from Fbn1-null (mgN/mgN) mice, which recapitulate the most severe form of Marfan syndrome. We found that loss of fibrillin-1 deposition promotes the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and p38 MAPK, in addition to increasing the levels of endogenous phospho-Smad2. We showed that improper Smad2/3 signaling in Fbn1-null VSMC is in part stimulated by phospho-p38 MAPK, which is in turn activated in response to signals other than those mediated by the kinase activity of the ALK5 receptor. Consistent with these cell culture data, in vivo analyses documented that phospho-p38 MAPK accumulates earlier than phospho-Smad2 in the aortic wall of mgN/mgN mice and that systemic inhibition of phospho-p38 MAPK activity lowers the levels of phospho-Smad2 in this tissue. Collectively, these findings indicate that improper activation of p38 MAPK is a precursor of constitutive Smad2/3 signaling in the aortic wall of a mouse model of neonatal lethal Marfan syndrome.
Innovative Inverted Magnetron Experiments and Theory (2015)

Abstract : Research at the University of Michigan has designed, simulated, fabricated, and characterized the Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM), a new type of High Power Microwave (HPM) device. Researchers have simulated the operation of the device in both a conventional and inverted magnetron geometry, and found the conventional geometry to be more practical. After significant computational iteration, several prototypes were fabricated and tested across a wide parameter space encompassing -250 to -300 kV, 0.18-0.3 T, and pulselengths of 200-500 ns. To improve device operation, multiple cathode designs were simulated and tested, varying both geometry and material properties. The RPM demonstrated peak instantaneous electronic efficiencies as high as 32%, and peak powers of up to 150 MW at 1 GHz. A patent was filed and granted on this RPM device during this grant. A 1.89 GHz variant, the RPM-CACE, has been designed and optimized in collaboration with Air Force Research Lab. Its unique coupler design, the Coaxial All-Cavity Extractor (CACE), provides an efficient, broadband method of power extraction where axial power extraction is desired. In simulation, the RPM-CACE was up to 70% efficient, producing peak microwave powers of 420 MW.
Copper-Promoted C−N Bond Cross-Coupling with Hypervalent Aryl Siloxanes and Room-Temperature N-Arylation with Aryl Iodide (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCopper-Promoted C−N Bond Cross-Coupling with Hypervalent Aryl Siloxanes and Room-Temperature N-Arylation with Aryl IodidePatrick Y. S. Lam, Sophie Deudon, Kristin M. Averill, Renhua Li, Ming Y. He, Philip DeShong, and Charles G. ClarkView Author Information DuPont Pharmaceuticals Co., Experimental Station P.O. Box 80500, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0500 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 31, 7600–7601Publication Date (Web):July 20, 2000Publication History Received14 April 2000Published online20 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja001305gCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4704Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (175 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cross coupling reaction,Organic compounds,Phenyls,Siloxanes Get e-Alerts
Towards ultrahigh volumetric capacitance: graphene derived highly dense but porous carbons for supercapacitors (2013)

A small volumetric capacitance resulting from a low packing density is one of the major limitations for novel nanocarbons finding real applications in commercial electrochemical energy storage devices. Here we report a carbon with a density of 1.58 g cm(-3), 70% of the density of graphite, constructed of compactly interlinked graphene nanosheets, which is produced by an evaporation-induced drying of a graphene hydrogel. Such a carbon balances two seemingly incompatible characteristics: a porous microstructure and a high density, and therefore has a volumetric capacitance for electrochemical capacitors (ECs) up to 376 F cm(-3), which is the highest value so far reported for carbon materials in an aqueous electrolyte. More promising, the carbon is conductive and moldable, and thus could be used directly as a well-shaped electrode sheet for the assembly of a supercapacitor device free of any additives, resulting in device-level high energy density ECs.
The Stem Region of the Sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-1 Is a Determinant of Substrate Specificity (2004)

The GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases are a family of Golgi-resident enzymes that modulate glycan function. Two members of this family, GlcNAc6ST-1 and -2, collaborate in the biosynthesis of ligands for the leukocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin. Although their biochemical properties are similar in vitro, the enzymes have distinct glycoprotein substrate preferences in vivo. The sulfotransferases share similar overall architecture with the exception of an extended stem region in GlcNAc6ST-1 that is absent in GlcNAc6ST-2. In this study we probed the importance of the stem region with respect to substrate preference, localization, and oligomerization. Analysis of truncation mutants demonstrated that perturbation of the stem region of GlcNAc6ST-1 affects the cellular substrate preference of the enzyme without altering its retention within the Golgi. A chimeric enzyme comprising the stem region of GlcNAc6ST-1 inserted between the catalytic and transmembrane domains of GlcNAc6ST-2 had the same substrate preference as native GlcNAc6ST-1. In cells, GlcNAc6ST-1 exists as a dimer; two cysteine residues within the stem and transmembrane domain were found to be critical for dimerization. However, disruption of the dimer by mutagenesis did not affect either localization or substrate preference. Collectively, these results indicate that the stem region of GlcNAc6ST-1 influences substrate specificity, independent of its role in dimerization or Golgi retention.
Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney. (1994)

The present study was undertaken to assess the presence of renin enzymatic activity and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of rat kidneys, and to determine the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on proximal tubule renin gene expression. Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), proximal straight tubules (PST), outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD), and glomeruli (Gloms) were isolated by microdissection. Renin activity was measured in sonicated segments by radioimmunoassay. Renin mRNA levels were assessed using a quantitative PCR. Renin activity in PCT averaged 51 +/- 15 microGU/mm compared to 405 +/- 120 microGU/glomerulus. No measurable renin activity was found in PST and OMCD. Renin activity in both glomeruli and tubules had the same pH optimum, between 7.0 and 7.5. Renin mRNA was consistently detectable in cDNA prepared from PCT and PST, although its abundance per mm tubule was about 1/500th that found in one glomerulus. Renin mRNA was not detectable in OMCD. Tubular renin PCR product identity was confirmed by restriction digestion. CEI administration increased glomerular renin activity and renin mRNA, but not proximal tubular renin. The absence of a stimulatory effect of CEI on proximal tubule renin gene expression suggests the operation of different intracellular signals in control of renin synthesis in the proximal tubule than in the vascular compartment.
Comparative Analysis of Two Methodologies to Determine Myocardial Longitudinal Strain in Left and Right Ventricles in Athletes During a Stress Test (2006)

INTRODUCTION: Longitudinal strain (S) can be calculated using either the Doppler-derived TDI method or a new not-Doppler derived method based on the evaluation of 2D tissue displacement in the B-mode like Esaote X-Strain software Both show an high reproducibility of the data but a comparative analysis of their results has not been conducted in basal interventricular septum (IVS) an lateral wall (LW) of left and right ventricles (LV, RV) at rest and during stress. This study is aimed to balance the results obtained from two different methods applied in a group of athletes with an high and gold reproducibility of the images, and with enhancement of strain due to stress test. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 15 athletes, at 25 ± 3 years of age, regularly trained were submitted to a transthoracic echo exam at rest and after an hand grip performed for 3 minutes at 30% of maximum effort The apical 4-chambers view images were processed to determine S in basal segments of LV and RV ventricles calculated using the former and the latter methods in two different sections. The values were expressed as [average ± SD] and t- student test with P < 0,05 has represented significant difference. RESULTS: Cardiac mass index and EF values results in both a in the normal range (132 ± 5 gr/ m2 and 58 ± 5 %)TableCONCLUSIONS: TDI and Esaote X- strain software have shown the agreement of the results obtained since no statistical differences at rest and after HG effort are evident. The high quality of the images have permitted to study also the basal segments of RV. We must consider also that the former method is a vector analysis and it can be used to detect strain values in every visualized segments the heart.