gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gasoline Distillation Effect on Vehicle Cold Start Driveability (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cold start vehicle driveability performance depends on many parameters, one of which is the distillation character of the fuel. In the late 90's, a gasoline driveability index (DI) was developed for spark ignited combustion vehicles by a consortium of automotive and petroleum industry scientists based on correlation studies between controlled fuel quality matrices and vehicle performance under specific ambient conditions. The DI equation uses a weighted sum of gasoline distillation temperatures at the 10, 50 and 90 percent evaporation volumes, commonly called T&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, T&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt;. These three distillation volatility points are specified by the ASTM International D 4814 fuel specification and are seasonally adjusted. This paper studies the cold start driveability performance of Federal EPA Bin 5 and Bin 8 vehicles with respect to fuel distillation characteristics at temperatures other than T&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, T&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt;. Fuels studied include regular Summer-grade unleaded gasoline, high-DI (1255°F), high-DI with high-T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt;, and high-DI with both high T&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt;. The results demonstrate that, although the latest vehicles can tolerate high-DI fuel in cold start driveability, the performance is deteriorated in some vehicles with the high-T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt; and the combined high T&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt; test fuels. The degree of poor cold start performance also depends on the ambient conditions. Summer weather with high-dew point temperatures experienced more cold start driveability performance demerits with the two test fuels as compared to normal Summer quality gasoline. Gasoline survey data shows that high T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt; fuels are available in the market place, but appear to be regionally isolated. When these high T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt; or high in both T&lt;sub&gt;70&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt; gasoline blends show up in the field it has resulted in severe vehicle owner dissatisfaction. The mechanism of the poor cold start performance with such fuels is discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Cardiac rehabilitation mortality trends: how far from a true picture are we? (2013)

To the Editor , Thank you for the opportunity to respond to this editorial,1 which questions our findings of a greater mortality risk of 58% for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) non-attenders compared to attenders.1 ,2 While this effect size is larger than some reports, benefits of this magnitude have been seen by other studies with patient samples comparable to ours. These recent studies found similar effect sizes of 45–59%.3–5

The authors also comment that ‘it may be that Melbourne CR programmes are really that good’.1 A 1996 survey of Victorian CR programmes conducted by the …
Collective construction of dynamics structure: collaboration between semi-active blocks and simple robots (2014)

This paper describes a methodology to construct a dynamic structure by the interaction between intelligent blocks and simple robots. The block is intelligent enough to have a rule set and a counter value, and communicates with next blocks based on the rule set and counter value. The structure is formed by growing the chain of the blocks. Its growth direction is determined by the rule set and the counter value. Each robot just loads or unloads the block based on a simple algorithm. The blocks in this method are always attached or detached randomly from the structure. Dynamic structure, in which the local position is unstable but the global structure is stable, has a potential to be fault-tolerant or to be adaptive for environmental changes. In this paper, we describe the mechanism of our proposal and show some fundamental characteristics obtained by computer simulation.
A high voltage nanosecond pulser with variable pulse width and pulse repetition frequency control for nonequilibrium plasma applications (2014)

Summary form only given. Non-thermal or non-equilibrium plasmas have been utilized for a wide variety of applications related to advanced materials processing, Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) production, biomedical applications, new materials synthesis, surface decontamination, thin-film production and basic plasma science. While both modeling and experimental studies of particular discharge methods and geometries have been conducted it is often difficult to gain a full understanding the complex discharge processes due to the limited range of operation of the (HV) nanosecond pulse driver. This is especially true if one wants to investigate the transition from non-thermal to thermal plasma associated with streamer and or leader formation in spark breakdowns. However, there is significant difficultly in creating a HV nanosecond pulser that can operate over the range of experimental values of interest and most pulser technologies have limited or fixed range in pulse width, output voltage and pulse repetition frequency which are not adequate for careful experimental studies. Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. has developed a solid state nanosecond power supply which has significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in pulser technology allowing flexibility in delivering high voltage (0-50 kV), high power (0-10 MW peak and 0-2 kW average), and high frequency (0-2 MHz) variable pulse width (20ns-1000ns) nanosecond pulses which can be utilized for low temperature plasma creation including driving DBD discharges. The power supply technologies can provide an essential test bed for developing a comprehensive characterization of non-equilibrium plasma in both DBD and spark breakdowns. Details on the nanosecond pulser output performance under several load configurations will be presented.
Low-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Single-Layer Graphene (2008)

Confocal Raman microscopy was used to image and record the Raman spectra of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and single-layer graphene on silicon substrates at both room and low temperatures. The temperature-induced Raman spectral change of individual nanotubes is observed to be tube diameter dependent, with larger-diameter tubes typically exhibiting a higher upshift in Raman frequency on decreasing temperature. The temperature-induced shift in the G-band frequency of single layer graphene is found to be greater than that of nanotubes. These observations can be ascribed to the temperature dependence of carbon−carbon bond force constants in SWNTs, and the nanotube curvature effect respectively. The tube-substrate interaction is proposed to be the main factor in contributing to the diameter dependence of the temperature-induced radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency change in SWNTs. Evidence of chirality dependence of the temperature dependent Raman scattering in SWNTs is also revealed in this work. Individual metallic nanotubes exhibit a large variation in the temperature dependence of the Fano Raman peak, which can be explained in the context of Kohn anomaly mechanism due to different degrees of charge doping.
Alternative Methods for Mitochondrial Transplantation: Efficiency of Unpackaged and Lipid-Packaged Preparations (2017)

Abstract Mitochondrial transplantation is currently being explored as a means to repair and restore proper organelle function in a variety of inherited and acquired disorders of energy metabolism. The optimal preparation and application of donor mitochondria is unknown, but most studies in vivo have used injection techniques or, for tissue studies, unpackaged mitochondria (organelles isolated and suspended in buffer) in transplant experiments. Packaging in lipid rafts can increase recipient cell uptake of some compounds and objects. We present the first data comparing recipient cell uptake of unpackaged mitochondria to recipient cell uptake of mitochondria packaged in cell membrane lipids. Mitochondria and membranes were prepared from autologous cells and applied to cells (fibroblasts) in culture. Both unpackaged and lipid-packaged mitochondria were taken into recipient cells and the donor mitochondria showed evidence, in each case, of retained functionality and the ability to merge with the recipient mitochondrial matrix . However, lipid packaging appeared to enhance the uptake of functional mitochondria. Current studies of mitochondrial transplantation in animal models might fruitfully explore the utility and efficacy of lipid-packaged mitochondria in transplant experiments.
Ultra Wide Band Antenna for True Wireless Stereo Earphones (2021)

In this paper, the new design technique of the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna for the True Wireless Stereo (TWS) earphones is proposed. The newly proposed antenna structure is designed using two short structures to cover the UWB band of TWS earphones within a minimal antenna area. Consequently, the proposed antenna satisfies <tex>$\text{VSWR} &lt; 2$</tex> in the frequency 6.2 GHz to 9.7 GHz range. Therefore, the proposed antenna is available in the High Band of DS-UWB and Band Group #3 and #4 of MB-OFDM. The proposed design technique can contribute to TWS earphones that require the design of UWB antennas with minimal antenna regions.
Contrasting grey system theory to probability and fuzzy (1995)

By contrasting grey system theory with probability theory, statistics, and fuzzy systems, we know the features that make the grey system different are:&amp;bull; reality law&amp;bull; grey hazy set (foundation)&amp;bull; small sample (data)&amp;bull; nonrequirement for distribution&amp;bull; Disregard of a priori-experience
A reliable quantitative method for determining CBD content and release from transdermal patches in Franz cells (2022)

The established method was proven to be a reliable means of determining the quantity and release of CBD from transdermal patches and can be used to verify CBD content and release rate in transdermal patches.
Pedestrian Detection and Tracking Using a Mixture of View-Based Shape–Texture Models (2008)

This paper presents a robust multicue approach to the integrated detection and tracking of pedestrians in a cluttered urban environment. A novel spatiotemporal object representation is proposed, which combines a generative shape model and a discriminative texture classifier, both of which are composed of a mixture of pose-specific submodels. Shape is represented by a set of linear subspace models, which is an extension of point distribution models, with shape transitions being modeled by a first-order Markov process. Texture, i.e., the shape-normalized intensity pattern, is represented by a manifold that is implicitly delimited by a set of pattern classifiers, whereas texture transition is modeled by a random walk. Direct 3-D measurements that are provided by a stereo system are further incorporated into the observation density function. We employ a Bayesian framework based on particle filtering to achieve integrated object detection and tracking. Large-scale experiments that involve pedestrian detection and tracking from a moving vehicle demonstrate the benefit of the proposed approach.
The effect of liquid phase chemistry on the densification and strength of cold sintered ZnO (2022)

Cold sintering is a chemo-mechanical densification process which allows densification of ceramics at low temperatures below 300 °C. This substantial reduction in the sintering temperature is enabled by an externally applied pressure and a compatible transient liquid phase. In this paper, ZnO is cold sintered using various commercial organic acids: formic, acetic and citric acid. The effect of these different transient phases on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical response is investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to explain the chemical interactions in the cold sintering process. High relative densities (∼ 96 %) were achieved by formic and acetic acid, whereas poor densification was obtained for citric acid (< 80 %), despite the higher expected solubility of zinc oxide. The higher biaxial strength found in samples sintered with formic acid compared to acetic acid (i.e. ∼90 MPa vs. ∼40 MPa) is discussed supported by fractographic analyses.
Activation of the SUMO modification system is required for the accumulation of RAD51 at sites containing DNA damage (2013)

Genetic information encoded in chromosomal DNA is challenged by intrinsic and exogenous sources of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are extremely dangerous DNA lesions. RAD51 plays a central role in homologous DSB repair, by facilitating the recombination of damaged DNA with intact DNA in eukaryotes. RAD51 accumulates at sites containing DNA damage to form nuclear foci. However, the mechanism of RAD51 accumulation at sites of DNA damage is still unclear. Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation play a role in the regulation of protein localization and dynamics. Recently, the covalent binding of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target proteins, termed SUMOylation, at sites containing DNA damage has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the DNA-damage response. Here, we show that the SUMOylation E2 ligase UBC9, and E3 ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4, are required for RAD51 accretion at sites containing DNA damage in human cells. Moreover, we identified a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in RAD51, which is necessary for accumulation of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the SUMO-SIM system plays an important role in DNA repair, through the regulation of RAD51 dynamics.
.alpha.-Oxo ketene dithioacetal chemistry. 3. A regio- and stereospecific lithium aluminum hydride reduction resulting in the formation of stereochemically defined .beta.-alkyl .gamma.-bis(methylthio) alcohols (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Oxo ketene dithioacetal chemistry. 3. A regio- and stereospecific lithium aluminum hydride reduction resulting in the formation of stereochemically defined .beta.-alkyl .gamma.-bis(methylthio) alcoholsR. B. Gammill, L. T. Bell, and S. A. NashCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 16, 3039–3041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00190a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00190a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Recursive Gauss-Newton Filter (2011)

This paper presents a compact, recursive, non-linear, filter, derived from the Gauss-Newton (GNF), which is an algorithm that is based on weighted least squares and the Newton method of local linearisation. The recursive form (RGNF), which is then adapted to the Levenberg-Maquardt method is applicable to linear / nonlinear of process state models, coupled with the linear / nonlinear observation schemes. Simulation studies have demonstrated the robustness of the RGNF, and a large reduction in the amount of computational memory required, identified in the past as a major limitation on the use of the GNF.
Acreditación Programa de control de teniasis-cisticercosis (Taenia solium) en México Convenio de colaboración SENASICA-UNAM (2013)

Teniasis - Cisticercosis es una enfermedad de la pobreza. Su ciclo se propaga en aquellos países en vías de desarrollo donde parte de la población vive en condiciones de pobreza extrema sin educación y servicios médicos adecuados y que crían cer dos . Afecta al ser humano como huésped definitivo y a los cerdos que son los principales huéspedes intermediarios. La población porcina en México es aproximadamente de 15 millones de cuales 2.1 millones son los llamados rústicos o de traspatio, que viven en zonas marginadas y deambulan en pueblos y campos buscando alimento. En estas zonas, el fecalismo al ras del suelo es común no existiendo letrinas o excusados correctos . P or lo general los cerdos tienen acceso directo a las deyecciones de humanos, lo s q ue, cuando provienen de un portador de Taenia solium causan cisticercosis en cerdos y ocasionalmente en seres humanos. Cuando los humanos ingieren carne de cerdo infectada , insuficientemente cocida, se desarrolla en ellos la Taenia solium y cuando ingiere n huevos , adquieren cisticercosis, frecuentemente en su forma más severa: la neurocisticercosis. La falta de rastros controlados, en los que no existe la inspección de carne, contribuye a la persistencia de esta zoonosis. Se describe un programa para contr olar y eventualmente erradicar esta zoonosis que se ha implementado en los estados de Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chi a pas, con apoyo económico de Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) a través del Servicio Nacional d e Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) , basado en la educación de adultos y niños y en la vacunación gratuita de cerdos con una vacuna recientemente desarrollada en el Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Au tónoma de México. Los resultados preliminares son alentadores. En una zona donde el programa se ha implementado durante los últimos 3 años la frecuencia se ha reducido de 13.7% a 0%. La población ha entendido el problema, ya no comen carne con cisticercos y sus hábitos higiénicos han mejorado considerablemente, han construido letrinas correctas, disminuyendo la costumbre de defecar al ras del suelo. También se desparasitan como mínimo 1 vez al año. Los grandes problemas con los que hemos tropezado son malos caminos para llegar a las comunidades y dificultad de comunicarnos con los habitantes, ya que en muchas de las poblaciones aisladas hablan sus idiomas y no entienden bien el Español.
Weighted Sum Secrecy Rate Maximization Using Intelligent Reflecting Surface (2021)

This paper aims to investigate the benefit of using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems, in the presence of eavesdroppers. We maximize the weighted sum secrecy rate by jointly designing the secure beamforming (BF), the artificial noise (AN), as well as the phase shift of the IRS. An alternating optimization (AO) method is proposed to deal with the formulated non convex problem. In particular, the secure beamforming and AN jamming matrix are optimally designed via the successive convex approximation (SCA) approach for given phase shift, which can be derived by considering the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) and element-wise block coordinate decent (EBCD) methods. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the benefit of the IRS in terms of improving the secrecy performance, when compared to other methods.
Genetic analysis of synaptotagmin-7 function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis (2008)

Synaptotagmin-7 is a candidate Ca(2+) sensor for exocytosis that is at least partly localized to synapses. Similar to synaptotagmin-1, which functions as a Ca(2+) sensor for fast synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis, synaptotagmin-7 contains C(2)A and C(2)B domains that exhibit Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding. However, synaptotagmin-7 cannot replace synaptotagmin-1 as a Ca(2+) sensor for fast SV exocytosis, raising questions about the physiological significance of its Ca(2+)-binding properties. Here, we examine how synaptotagmin-7 binds Ca(2+) and test whether this Ca(2+) binding regulates Ca(2+)-triggered SV exocytosis. We show that the synaptotagmin-7 C(2)A domain exhibits a Ca(2+)-binding mode similar to that of the synaptotagmin-1 C(2)A domain, suggesting that the synaptotagmin-1 and -7 C(2) domains generally employ comparable Ca(2+)-binding mechanisms. We then generated mutant mice that lack synaptotagmin-7 or contain point mutations inactivating Ca(2+) binding either to both C(2) domains of synaptotagmin-7 or only to its C(2)B domain. Synaptotagmin-7-mutant mice were viable and fertile. Inactivation of Ca(2+) binding to both C(2) domains caused an approximately 70% reduction in synaptotagmin-7 levels, whereas inactivation of Ca(2+) binding to only the C(2)B domain did not alter synaptotagmin-7 levels. The synaptotagmin-7 deletion did not change fast synchronous release, slow asynchronous release, or short-term synaptic plasticity of release of neurotransmitters. Thus, our results show that Ca(2+) binding to the synaptotagmin-7 C(2) domains is physiologically important for stabilizing synaptotagmin-7, but that Ca(2+) binding by synaptotagmin-7 likely does not regulate SV exocytosis, consistent with a role for synaptotagmin-7 in other forms of Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic exocytosis.
A Practical Guide to Localization (2000)

A Practical Guide to Localization was written for technical translators, localization engineers, testing engineers, desktop publishers, project managers, and anyone else who may be involved in the release of multilingual products.In this second edition, translators can learn more about localizing software, online help and documentation files, and the latest translation technology tools. Localization engineers can learn all about developing, engineering, and testing multilingual software and online help projects. For project managers, there is all the information needed for planning translation and localization projects, finding resources, and ensuring product quality. New to this second, fully updated and revised edition are chapters on internationalization, multilingual desktop publishing, and software quality assurance. The book has been designed both as a reference work and a teaching tool. Bert Esselink has been active in localization for over a decade. After graduating in technical translation and taking university classes in programming and computational linguistics he worked for several years as software localizer, localization engineer, and technical project manager at International Software Products. In 1996 he joined ALPNET in Amsterdam as localization manager before taking on the role of globalization manager, developing internal production quality standards. In January 2000 Bert joined Lionbridge to head up their European globalization consulting services.