gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERK/eIF2α signaling protects therapy resistant hypoxic cells through induction of glutathione synthesis and protection against ROS (2013)

Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors and an important contributor to malignancy and treatment resistance. The ability of tumor cells to survive hypoxic stress is mediated in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcriptional responses. More severe hypoxia activates endoplasmatic reticulum stress responses, including the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-dependent arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although several studies implicate important roles for HIF and UPR in adaption to hypoxia, their importance for hypoxic cells responsible for therapy resistance in tumors is unknown. By using isogenic models, we find that HIF and eIF2α signaling contribute to the survival of hypoxic cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the eIF2α-dependent arm of the UPR is uniquely required for the survival of a subset of hypoxic cells that determine tumor radioresistance. We demonstrate that eIF2α signaling induces uptake of cysteine, glutathione synthesis, and protection against reactive oxygen species produced during periods of cycling hypoxia. Together these data imply that eIF2α signaling is a critical contributor to the tolerance of therapy-resistant cells that arise as a consequence of transient changes in oxygenation in solid tumors and thus a therapeutic target in curative treatments for solid cancers.
Hepatitis G Virus — A True Hepatitis Virus or an Accidental Tourist? (1997)

Over the past 30 years, five hepatitis viruses have been identified and named A, B, C, D, and E.1 Hepatitis A and E viruses are transmitted enterically and induce acute hepatitis, but they rarely cause chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), by contrast, are primarily blood-borne, cause acute as well as chronic hepatitis, and can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis D, or delta virus, is exceptional in that it is dependent on HBV and can modify the disease associated with that virus.Acute or chronic hepatitis in which both nonviral causes and infection . . .
Combined modalities of resistance in etoposide-resistant human KB cell lines. (1988)

The alkaloid derivative 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-ethylidene)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (etoposide, VP-16) is believed to exert cytotoxicity by causing double-stranded DNA breaks through interruption of the breaking-resealing reaction of topoisomerase II (topo II). Thus it was conceivable that cells could become resistant to VP-16 by a decrease in topo II enzyme level, since this would lead to fewer DNA breaks. As well, given the structure of VP-16, it was also possible that a pleiotropic mechanism of resistance could decrease sensitivity to this drug. To study these possibilities, a series of VP-16-resistant human KB cell lines was established by stepwise selection. The concentrations of VP-16 required to inhibit cell proliferation by 50% in the parent line and KB/1c, KB/7d, KB/20a, and KB/40a lines were, respectively, 0.16, 4.7, 24, 31, and 47 microM. These cell lines expressed cross-resistance to 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and methotrexate, although the pattern of relative drug sensitivity was quite different from that of pleiotropic resistant cell lines reported elsewhere. The resistance to vincristine and methotrexate did not increase above the level of the KB/1c cells, and resistance to VP-16, doxorubicin, and especially vincristine was unstable in VP-16-resistant cells cultured in the absence of drug. Although the drug resistance marker Mr 180,000 glycoprotein could not be detected in any of our cell lines, cellular accumulation of [3H]VP-16 was reduced 50-75% in the resistant lines compared with parent KB. With increasing VP-16 resistance, the level of topo II protein, detected by antibody staining, decreased at each step of selection, concomitant with a general decrease in topo II unknotting activity. Sensitivity of the topo II unknotting assay to inhibition by VP-16 was the same for the parent and all resistant cell lines. The level of topo I activity and enzyme increased slightly in the resistant cells. Thus, these cell lines are resistant to VP-16 by virtue of at least two mechanisms: (a) reduced levels of topo II, which confers cross-resistance to other compounds which are topo II-dependent cytotoxic agents; and (b) reduced accumulation of drug, which is likely also responsible for vincristine and methotrexate resistance. However, the possible existence of other mechanisms of resistance cannot be ruled out.
Towards Fully Automated Motion Capture of Signs -- Development and Evaluation of a Key Word Signing Avatar (2015)

Motion capture of signs provides unique challenges in the field of multimodal data collection. The dense packaging of visual information requires high fidelity and high bandwidth of the captured data. Even though marker-based optical motion capture provides many desirable features such as high accuracy, global fitting, and the ability to record body and face simultaneously, it is not widely used to record finger motion, especially not for articulated and syntactic motion such as signs. Instead, most signing avatar projects use costly instrumented gloves, which require long calibration procedures. In this article, we evaluate the data quality obtained from optical motion capture of isolated signs from Swedish sign language with a large number of low-cost cameras. We also present a novel dual-sensor approach to combine the data with low-cost, five-sensor instrumented gloves to provide a recording method with low manual postprocessing. Finally, we evaluate the collected data and the dual-sensor approach as transferred to a highly stylized avatar. The application of the avatar is a game-based environment for training Key Word Signing (KWS) as augmented and alternative communication (AAC), intended for children with communication disabilities.
Determining location of appliances from multi-hop tree structures of power strip type smart meters (2009)

Recently, energy management has become one of the emerging services in the area of residential network service. A smart meter is the most essential component of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) that connects the home energy management system of individual residences and a smart grid that optimizes the production, distribution, and consumption of electric power. Power strip type smart meters can be used to not only monitor but also control the electric power consumption at individual power outlet ports in the power outlet directly. They can be used to control and effectively reduce standby power consumption by the application of the direct power supply control. A smart multi-power tap (SMPT) is an advanced multi-outlet power strip type smart meter that provides important contextual information such as the identity and location of electric home appliances on the basis of the temporal power consumption data and the control of power supply to the appliances. However, the SMPT cannot be used to determine the location of appliances when the connections among SMPTs form a tree structure. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of cascade connections among SMPTs and propose a solution for obtaining the location information of the tree structure. The proposed method helps realize real applications of the SMPT for providing activity-based context-aware home network services and energy management services.
Task demands and memory in web interaction: a levels of processing approach (2004)

The Levels of Processing principle holds that the strength of the encoded memory trace depends on the mental operations carried out during goal-pursuit. Therefore, memory should be better for web elements that are more deeply processed. Participants (N=24) accomplished several information finding tasks with printed web pages in two conditions: navigation-orientation and content-orientation. The results support the prediction and show marked differences between the two tasks in how the locations and features of task-relevant and -irrelevant elements are remembered. In explaining the results, the levels of processing principle is bound to a wider model of perception, attention, and memory in web interaction. It is argued that the memory test tapped explicit memories that are not recruited in the rapid on-line control of attention but rather in higher-level operations such as planning and error recovery in interaction. Implications are proposed for the design of memorable user interfaces, adaptive hypertext, and notifications.
Metabolomic evaluation of Mitomycin C and rapamycin in a personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer (2014)

In a personalized treatment designed for a patient with pancreatic cancer resistant to other treatments, the success of Mitomycin C (MMC) has been highlighted. This was revealed in a murine xenograft tumor model encompassing pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells extracted from the patient. The patient was found to exhibit a biallelic inactivation of the PALB2 gene, involved in DNA repair in addition to another mutation in the TSC2 gene that induces susceptibility of the tumor to therapeutic targets of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. The aim of the study was to apply metabolomics to elucidate the modes of action of each therapy, suggesting why MMC was so successful in this patient and why it could be a more popular choice in future pancreatic cancer treatment. The effectiveness of MMC compared to rapamycin (RM), another relevant therapeutic agent has been evaluated through liquid- and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analyses of the xenograft tumors. The relative concentrations of many metabolites in the xenograft tumors were found to be increased by MMC relative to other treatments (RM and a combination of both), including a number that are involved in central carbon metabolism (CCM). Metabolic fingerprinting revealed statistically significantly altered pathways including, but not restricted to, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, in addition to many significant lipid and amino acid alterations. Given the genetic background of the patient, it was expected that the combined therapy would be most effective; however, the most effective was MMC alone. It is proposed that the effectiveness of MMC is owed to its direct effect on CCM, a vital region of tumor metabolism.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Reconfigurable Tripodal Coordination Complexes: Stereodynamic Molecular Switches (2010)

Abstract Review: 71 refs.
Water and ion transport by the urinary bladder of the teleost Pseudopleuronectes americanus (1975)

Water and ion transport by the isolated teleost urinary bladder were studied. The transepithelial electrical PD across sac-type bladder preparations was unstable, i.e., initially mucosa positive but becoming more negative with time. Perfused bladders maintained a low mucosa positive PD which was stable. Both Na and Cl appeared to be actively transported from mucosal side (M) to serosal side (S). Voltage clamping the bladder at 0, -50, or +50 mV had almost no effect on active or passive Na or Cl flux in either direction. Na and Cl transport seemed electrically neutral. Fluid absorption (M to S) was directly correlated with absorption of osmotically active solutes. These solutes were almost all Na and Cl. The bladder acidified and secreted K+ into the mucosal fluid. Divalent ions were concentrated in the mucosal fluid as a result of fluid absorption. Although furosemide and ethacrynic acid inhibited ion and water transport by the bladder, ouabain was effective at a much lower concentration. Ouabain (10(-4) M) inhibited active Na transport when applied only to the mucosal or only to the serosal surface. Ouabain abolished the PD only from the serosal surface.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF AMINE‐BORANES. PART 10. SYNTHESIS OF SULFIDES FROM DITHIOACETALS S USING PYRIDINE‐BORANE IN ACID (1984)

Abstract Die acyclischen Dithioacetale (I) werden durch Py/BH, in Gegenwart von TFA zu den Sulfiden (II) reduziert.
Intrasaccular flow-diversion for treatment of intracranial aneurysms: the Woven EndoBridge (2014)

Endovascular approach is now the first option for the treatment of most intracranial aneurysms (IA). However, remaining limitations are the suboptimal stability of aneurysm occlusion and the treatment of complex IA. The use of conventional and flow diverter stents has partially addressed these limitations. Nevertheless, as intraluminal devices, stents require aggressive antiplatelet therapy and are associated with higher thromboembolic (TE) complication rates. Intrasaccular flow disrupters (IFD) are newly developed braided-wire devices designed to achieve flow disruption at the neck without placing material in the parent vessel and without the need of antiplatelet therapy. First clinical series have shown promising anatomical and clinical results. Our purpose is to describe the available IFD and to review the literature about their efficacy, safety, limitations, and developments.
Oh, guter Boswell! (1990)

Nach Boswell vermittelt uns London vom Menschen und von seinen Sitten das denkbar vorteilhafteste Bild — so ähnlich wenigstens hatte er sich im Gespräch mit Lady Betty ausgedrückt. Ich blicke aus dem Fenster des fahrenden Zuges. Noch ist die Stadt nicht zu sehen. Zwar hatte Boswell eingeschränkt: für den Minderbemittelten, der von niedriger Gesinnung sei, ja irgendeiner sein könnte, habe London wenig Reiz. Aber der phantasievolle Mensch, der Feinfühlende, den würde die Geschäftigkeit, der Anblick der Kirchen und anderer großartiger Bauten faszinieren. Und noch etwas; es sei ungemein befriedigend, jedem Vergnügen nachgehen zu können, ohne erkannt oder auch nur beachtet zu werden. In London, so Boswell, könne ein wißbegieriger junger Mann durch gutes Beobachten eine Menge Erfahrungen sammeln — Erinnerungen für das Alter.
Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory states of adipose tissue in transgenic mice bearing a single TCR (2017)

Obesity is accompanied by chronic, low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, which is associated with insulin resistance and consequent multiple metabolic diseases. In addition to M1 macrophage infiltration, multiple involvements of adipose tissue T lymphocytes in the progression of inflammation have been highlighted recently. Here, we isolated a specific Vα5/Vβ8.2 TCR-bearing T cell that accumulated in obese adipose tissue of mice, and generated transgenic mice expressing this TCR. Under lean conditions with a normal chow diet, CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells and M2 macrophages increased in adipose tissue with ageing in wild-type mice, but not in transgenic mice. However, both mice exhibited no obvious adipose tissue inflammation such as the formation of crown-like structures (CLSs) of infiltrating macrophages. When fed a high-fat diet, the proportion of adipose tissue Treg cells was markedly small at a similar level in transgenic and wild-type mice. Both types of mice exhibited comparable inflammatory states in adipose tissue, including vast formation of macrophage CLSs, accompanied by insulin resistance. Together, our findings suggest that the absence of an increase in Treg cells and M2 macrophages is not sufficient to initiate inflammatory macrophage infiltration in lean adipose tissue and also provide a new view about the involvement of T cells in promoting obesity-associated inflammation.
Mode identifiability of a cable-stayed bridge using modal contribution index (2017)

The modal identification of large civil structures such as bridges under the ambient vibrational conditions has been widely investigated during the past decade. Many operational modal analysis methods have been proposed and successfully used for identifying the dynamic characteristics of the constructed bridges in service. However, there is very limited research available on reliable criteria for the robustness of these identified modal parameters of the bridge structures. In this study, two time-domain operational modal analysis methods, the data-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-DATA) method and the covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-COV) method, are employed to identify the modal parameters from field recorded ambient acceleration data. On the basis of the SSI-DATA method, the modal contribution indexes of all identified modes to the measured acceleration data are computed by using the Kalman filter, and their applicability to evaluate the robustness of identified modes is also investigated. Here, the benchmark problem, developed by Hong Kong Polytechnic University with field acceleration measurements under different excitation conditions of a cable-stayed bridge, is adopted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results from the benchmark study show that the robustness of identified modes can be judged by using their modal contributions to the measured vibration data. A critical value of modal contribution index of 2% for a reliable identifiability of modal parameters is roughly suggested for the benchmark problem.
Virome Analysis and Association of Positive Coxsackievirus B Serology during Pregnancy with Congenital Heart Disease (2023)

Detection of viral nucleic acid in plasma was infrequent and specifically no CVB genome was detected. However, serology demonstrated that prior CVB exposure is higher in CHD-affected pregnancies. Further studies are warranted to understand the magnitude of the contribution of the maternal blood virome to the pathogenesis of CHD.
Cobalt and zinc interreplacement in marine phytoplankton: Biological and geochemical implications (1995)

Zinc is used extensively in the metabolism of higher organisms; cobalt's usage is minimal. We found an unusual pattern of requirement for these metals in marine phytoplankton in which the cyanobacterium Synechococcus bacillaris needed Co but not Zn for growth, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi had a Co requirement that could be partly met by Zn, and the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira oceanica had Zn requirements that could be largely met by Co. These results indicate that Co and Zn can replace one another metabolically in the eucaryotic species. Associated with this replacement, there was up to a 700‐fold increase in cellular Co uptake rates with decreasing Zn ion concentration, indicating that Zn should have a major influence on biological scavenging of Co. This hypothesis is consistent with Zn and Co distributions within the oceanic nutricline which show Co depletion only after Zn has become depleted. Zn ion concentrations and Co : Zn ratios vary widely in the ocean, and these variations could influence the relative growth of diatoms and coccolithophores, with potential effects on global carbon cycles.
Tetrabutylammonium salts of carbazole and dibenzoazepine: synthesis, crystal structures and use in anionic polymerization (1995)

X-Ray structure analyses of the easily accessible tetrabutylammonium salts of carbazole and dibenzoazepine indicate that the anions and cations interact with one another via hydrogen bonding; these nitrogen nucleophiles initiate the anionic polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates at room temperature.
In vivo full‐field functional optical hemocytometer (2017)

We present an in vivo lab-free full-field functional optical hemocytometer (FFOH) for application to the capillaries of a live biological specimen, based on the absorption intensity fluctuation modulation (AIFM) effect. Because of the absorption difference between the red blood cells (RBCs) and background tissue under low-coherence light illumination, an endogenous instantaneous intensity fluctuation is generated by the AIFM effect when RBCs discontinuously traverse the capillary. The AIFM effect is used to highlight the RBC signal relative to the background tissue by computing the real-time modulation depth. FFOH can simultaneously provide a flow video, the flow velocity and the RBC count. Ourexperimental results can potentially be applied to study the physiological mechanisms of the blood circulation systems of near-transparent live biological samples.
Direct wastewater RNA capture and purification via the &#34;Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2 (4S)&#34; method v1 (2020)

This protocol describes the procedure of the "4S" (Sewage, Salt, Silica and SARS-CoV-2) method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction from wastewater. Offering a highly efficient, modular and economical alternative to existing wastewater RNA purification methods, this procedure lowers the barrier to entry for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology. This procedure is intended to be carried out in a BSL2+ laboratory space, with precautions when handling raw wastewater samples.
Next-generation sequencing for sensitive detection of BCR-ABL1 mutations relevant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor choice in imatinib-resistant patients (2016)

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients who fail imatinib treatment, BCR-ABL1 mutation profiling by Sanger sequencing (SS) is recommended before changing therapy since detection of specific mutations influences second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2GTKI) choice. We aimed to assess i) in how many patients who relapse on second-line 2GTKI therapy next generation sequencing (NGS) may track resistant mutations back to the sample collected at the time of imatinib resistance, before 2GTKI start (switchover sample) and ii) whether low level mutations identified by NGS always undergo clonal expansion. To this purpose, we used NGS to retrospectively analyze 60 imatinib-resistant patients (CML, n = 45; Ph+ ALL,n = 15) who had failed second-line 2GTKI therapy and had acquired BCR-ABL1 mutations (Group 1) and 25 imatinib-resistant patients (CML, n = 21; Ph+ ALL, n = 4) who had responded to second-line 2GTKI therapy, for comparison (Group 2). NGS uncovered that in 26 (43%) patients in Group 1, the 2GTKI-resistant mutations that triggered relapse were already detectable at low levels in the switchover sample (median mutation burden, 5%; range 1.1%-18.4%). Importantly, none of the low level mutations detected by NGS in switchover samples failed to expand whenever the patient received the 2GTKI to whom they were insensitive. In contrast, no low level mutation that was resistant to the 2GTKI the patients subsequently received was detected in the switchover samples from Group 2. NGS at the time of imatinib failure reliably identifies clinically relevant mutations, thus enabling a more effective therapeutic tailoring.