gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable SCA Applications with the FraSCAti Platform (2009)

The Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a technology agnostic standard for developing and deploying distributed service-oriented applications. However, SCA does not define standard means for runtime manageability (including introspection and reconfiguration) of SOA applications and of their supporting environment. This paper presents the FraSCAti platform, which brings runtime management features to SCA, and discusses key principles in its design: the adoption of an extended SCA component model for the implementation of SOA applications and of the FraSCAti platform itself; the use of component-based interception techniques for dynamically weaving non-functional services such as transaction management with components. The paper presents micro-benchmarks that show that runtime manageability in the FraSCAti platform is achieved without hindering its performance relative to the de facto reference SCA implementation, Apache's Tuscany.
Conjugate Natural Selection (2022)

We prove that Fisher-Rao natural gradient descent (FR-NGD) optimally approximates the continuous time replicator equation (an essential model of evolutionary dynamics), and term this correspondence "conjugate natural selection". This correspondence promises alternative approaches for evolutionary computation over continuous or high-dimensional hypothesis spaces. As a special case, FR-NGD also provides the optimal approximation of continuous Bayesian inference when hypotheses compete on the basis of predicting actual observations. In this case, the method avoids the need to compute prior probabilities. We demonstrate our findings on a non-convex optimization problem and a system identification task for a stochastic process with time-varying parameters.
Soldered contact effect on wire array Z-pinches (2008)

Experiments are conducted on the 16-wire aluminum Z-pinch arrays with both slow and fast risetimes wherein the initiation, ablation, implosion, and stagnation phases are compared for both soldered and unsoldered arrays. Time-dependent X-ray signals and self-emission data are measured and collected using a XUV 4-frame camera and an optical streak camera. Results show that in negative polarity, soldering appeared to produce a smaller radius pinch and improve X-ray yield variability in properly massed arrays.
A nonlinear observer for the inverted pendulum (2002)

This paper deals with the design of a nonlinear observer for the inverted pendulum. The observer uses the standard structure of the linear observer with the linear model replaced by a nonlinear model. Nominal observer gains are determined from a linearised model. This model is also used to find a compromise between robustness and performance. The stability of the observer is then discussed and conditions for the stability of the observer are given. The results are illustrated by simulation and experiments on a real pendulum.
Constrained active appearance models (2002)

Active Appearance Models (AAMs) have been shown to be useful for interpreting images of deformable objects. Here we place the AAM matching algorithm in a statistical framework, allowing extra constraints to be applied. This enables the models to be combined with other methods of object location. We demonstrate how user interaction can be used to guide the search and give results of experiments showing the effect of constraints on the performance of model matching.
Design and Deployment of an Intelligent Completion with Sand Control (2001)

Abstract Early results from intelligent completion installations show great promise for production optimization and control. The intelligent completion flow control valve is typically installed between isolation packers within the production zone. There have been installations with as many as four zones containing intelligent flow control devices. Several installations of intelligent flow control equipment have been in wells that require sand control, but these installations did not allow placement of the flow control devices within the production zone. The zones are completed with traditional sand control techniques, with each zone gravel packed or frac packed. After the sand face completion is in place, an upper completion is run into the well with a siphon string stabbed into the lower zone. A valve in line with the siphon string controls production from the lower zone. Production from the upper zones flows through the annulus between the siphon string and the upper completion into the casing annulus above the uppermost gravel-pack packer. A flow control valve is used to control the flow from that casing annulus into the production tubing. In this type of configuration, the practical limit for zones that can be controlled is two. An alternative technique has been developed that allows the placement of the flow control device within the production zone, so that more than two zones can be completed with intelligent flow control devices. As is the case for an intelligent completion in a cased and perforated well without sand control, the entire completion is run in one trip. Once the completion is in place, all of the intelligent completion devices are tested and then the packers are set. A through-tubing sand control tool is then run into the completion to perform the gravel packing operation in each zone. The paper discusses the completion design and presents an example of a field installation.
What is the Optimal Way to Give Thanks? Comparing the Effects of Gratitude Expressed Privately, One-to-One via Text, or Publicly on Social Media (2022)

Abstract Numerous investigations to date have established the benefits of expressing gratitude for improved psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. Nevertheless, the social dynamics of gratitude remain understudied. Do the effects of gratitude differ when it is expressed privately, communicated directly to the benefactor one-to-one, or shared publicly? We tested this question in a preregistered intervention study. An ethnically and economically diverse sample of undergraduate students ( N = 916) was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) write gratitude letters and do not share them ( private gratitude ), (2) share gratitude one-to-one with benefactors via text ( 1-to-1 gratitude ), (3) share gratitude publicly on social media ( public gratitude ), or (4) track daily activities ( control ). Participants were asked to complete their assigned activity four times with different people (as applicable) over the course of about a week. Overall, participants assigned to any digital gratitude intervention experienced improvements in state gratitude, positive emotions, negative emotions, elevation, connectedness, support, and loneliness, relative to controls. Relative to all other conditions, participants assigned to text their benefactors showed the biggest boosts in social connectedness and support. Our findings show that easily scalable digital gratitude interventions can advance the well-being of young college students.
Absolute sphericity measurement: a comparative study on the use of interferometry and a Shack-Hartmann sensor (1998)

Today the Shack-Hartmann sensor (SHS) has matured to a tool in optical metrology which is able to compete to some extend with interferometry. The comparison of the performance of the SHS and interferometry in absolute sphericity tests is presented.
Epidemiology of asthma, allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in sports (2005)

Asthma has a higher prevalence in athletes compared with the general population. In summer sport events, the prevalence ranges 3.7–22.8%, as reviewed by Helenius and Haahtela [1]. In winter sport events, the occurrence is even higher, ranging 2.8–54.8% (table 1) [2–8]. A total of 17% of 253 Finnish elite summer sport athletes used asthma medication, most commonly inhaled b2-agonists [1]. Also, 17% of the USA Winter Olympic Team (Nagano, Japan) were current users of asthma medication [5], while the figure was twice as high (36%) amongst Swedish cross-country skiers [2]. In a Swedish study in upper secondary schools for young skiers, 15% had phsysician-diagnosed asthma and 18% were treated with anti-asthma drugs compared with 6% and 7%, respectively, amongst the controls [9].
Synthetic Studies on Glycosphingolipids from Protostomia Phyla: Synthesis of Neogala-Series Glycolipid Analogues Containing a Mannose Residue from the Earthworm Pheretima hilgendorfi. (1999)

Two kinds of glycosphingolipid analogues from the earthworm Pheretima hilgendorfi were synthesized as follows : the trisaccharide 2-(tetradecyl)hexadecyl α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (13) and the tetrasaccharide 2-(tetradecyl) hexadecyl α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-[α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactpyranoside (20) were synthesized by stepwise condensation of suitably protected monosaccharide units. A 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside derivative (5) was used as the glycosyl acceptor and thiophenyl derivatives of D-galactose and D-mannose were used as donors respectively.
Some Novel Smectic* Liquid-Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers (1986)

Abstract Three acrylate side-chain polymers in which the mesogenic moieties are based on the 4-n-alkoxyphenyl-4′-(4″-methylhexyloxy) benzoates have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For shorter flexible spacers (n = 2) both smectic A and C* phases are observed thus making this polymer interesting for the fabrication of electro-optical devices based on ferroelectric properties (a smectic A phase is required for alignment purposes). For longer flexible spacers, (n = 6, 11) only the smectic A phase remains.
Blood Proteins C and S in Sickle Cell Disease (1993)

Proteins C and S are vitamin K-dependent proteins with an essential anti-coagulant function. Protein C exists in an inactive form and is activated by a thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Protein S combines with protein C and forms a stoichiometric complex which regulates coagulation in the presence of calcium. As patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) bear a high risk of developing thrombo-embolic disorders, we studied the coagulation derangement in 100 patients and 40 normal age- and sex-matched controls. The patients were clinically assessed and classified into sickle cell homozygotes (Hb SS), Hb S heterozygotes (Hb AS) and double heterozygotes for Hb S/beta 0-thalassaemia based on haematological parameters, red cell indices, Hb A2 and F levels and genetic studies. The proteins C and S were estimated and related to the type of the gene defect. The results showed significantly reduced levels of proteins C and S in SCD patients with the highest prevalence of deficiency in patients with a severe disease and frequent episodes of crisis. However, no significant differences were encountered in the level of proteins C and S in the same patients during the steady state and during episodes of crisis. It was concluded that the lower protein C and S levels in SCD is either due to decreased production or increased consumption though this reduction does not seem to play a role in producing thrombo-embolic disorders.
Feature vector selection for identifying killer whale individuals. (2009)

One hindrance to studying whales is the simple act of identifying individuals. The source filter model of human speech is a potentially useful model for killer whale vocalizations. With this assumption, evaluation of vocal model based optimizations for human speaker recognition was performed with a whale dataset. (Twenty one calls of type 1a or 1b, from four captive Icelandic killer whales.) Feature vectors were extracted from sound samples, which reduce dimensionality while encapsulating the identifying characteristics. Recognition accuracy is highly dependent on choosing a feature vector, which can accurately divide the sample space. Cepstral coefficients are the standard used for human speaker recognition. Modulation envelopes are known to be important for perception and have been shown to improve speech recognition performance [Kingsbury et al., Speech Commun. 25, 117–132 (1998)]. Modulation spectrograms were examined and sampled across acoustic frequency at the fundamental modulation rate of the call to extract modulation feature vectors. Visual analysis of modulation spectrograms note a possible pattern unique to individual whales. Presented herein is analysis of these patterns based on linear discriminant functions and hidden Markov models. [Work supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, University of Washington, Hubbs-Seaworld Research Institute.]
Evaluation of cellular tumour rejection mechanisms in the peritumoral bladder wall after bacillus Calmette‐Guérin treatment (2001)

These results support the concept that there is a host-immune escape associated with bladder cancer. BCG therapy may temporarily restore impaired tumour rejection mechanisms in the peritumoral bladder wall, suggesting a need for maintenance therapy after the first course of BCG.
On static reachability analysis of IP networks (2005)

The primary purpose of a network is to provide reachability between applications running on end hosts. In this paper, we describe how to compute the reachability a network provides from a snapshot of the configuration state from each of the routers. Our primary contribution is the precise definition of the potential reachability of a network and a substantial simplification of the problem through a unified modeling of packet filters and routing protocols. In the end, we reduce a complex, important practical problem to computing the transitive closure to set union and intersection operations on reachability set representations. We then extend our algorithm to model the influence of packet transformations (e.g., by NATs or ToS remapping) along the path. Our technique for static analysis of network reachability is valuable for verifying the intent of the network designer, troubleshooting reachability problems, and performing "what-if" analysis of failure scenarios.
iROW: An Efficient Live Snapshot System for Virtual Machine Disk (2012)

The high-availiablity of mission-critical data and services hosted in a virtual machine (VM) is one of the top concerns in a cloud computing environment. The live disk snapshot is an emerging technology to save the whole state and the data of a VM at a specific point of time, and be used for quick disaster recovery. However, the existing VM disk snapshot systems suffer from long operation time and I/O performance degradation problems during snapshots creating and managing, and thereby affecting the performance of the VM and its services. To address such issues, we designed an efficient VM disk snapshot system, named iROW (improved Redirect-on-Write). In iROW, a bitmap based light-weight index scheme is adopted to replace the existing multi-level index tree structure to reduce query cost. Additionally, through a combination of Redirect-on-Write (ROW) and Copy-on-Demand (COD) schema to avoid extra copy operation on the first write after snapshot with Copy-on-Write (COW) schema, and the file fragmentation problem caused by ROW snapshot after long-term using. Finally, iROW gives a unified disk space allocation function by the host machine's file system. We have implemented iROW in qemu-kvm 0.12.5 and conducted some experiments. The implementation of iROW completely obey the interfaces of the block device driver in QEMU, so it is transparent to the upper system or applications and original disk image formats can be also supported. The experimental results show that iROW has obvious performance advantages in snapshot creating and management operations. Compared with the existing qcow2 disk image in KVM, when the VM disk size is 50GB, and the cluster size is 64KB (the default cluster size of qcow2), the snapshot creation and rollback time is only about 6% and 3% of original qcow2's. With the increasing of the VM disk size, iROW has more performance advantages on snapshot creation and rollback operations. In addition, the I/O performance of iROW is better than qcow2. When the cluster size is 64 KB, typically the iROW's performance loss is 10% less than qcow2's, and its first write performance after snapshot creation is about 250% of qcow2's.
MEMS-based resonant sensor with uniform mass sensitivity (2009)

MEMS-based resonant mass sensors have been extensively studied as biological and chemical sensor. Most of these sensors have utilized a cantilever structure, and these cantilever resonant mass sensors have a spatially non-uniform mass sensitivity. In this study, a silicon MEMS-based resonant mass sensor with a spatially uniform mass sensitivity is developed. The sensor is composed of a platform for the target attachment and four half-folded springs. The novel structure generates a vertical displacement of the platform, which leads to the uniform mass sensitivity. The extracted mass of a same bead on different places shows a standard deviation of 1.4%.
Importance of the SDF-1:CXCR4 Axis in Myocardial Repair (2009)

3] They further investigate how cardiac stem cell exposure to hypoxia before their intravenous administration alters cardiac stem cell engraftment and subsequent effects on myocardial repair.
Uncovering the Structure and Stability of Thermoelectric La3–xTe4–Ni Composites Using High-Resolution and In Situ TEM (2021)

Lanthanum telluride (La3–xTe4) is a high-performance, next-generation thermoelectric material with a thermoelectric dimensionless figure of merit (zT) of 1.1 at 1273 K (x = 0.23) and has potential applications in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) to power the space missions conducted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It has been shown that the zT can be increased by 30% when nickel (Ni) nanoparticle inclusions are introduced to the La3–xTe4 matrix. The coherent interfaces between La3–xTe4 and Ni are likely a key factor determining the stability and performance of the La3–xTe4–Ni composites, but their role and nature are not well understood. It is important to determine the stability of the La3–xTe4/Ni interface in deep-space conditions, in addition to the effect of heat and oxygen on the mechanisms and kinetics of interface degradation. Here, we show the high-resolution structural characterization and the epitaxial crystallographic relationship of La3–xTe4–Ni thermoelectric composites and their interfaces at high-vacuum and ambient-temperature conditions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We further demonstrate the La3–xTe4/Ni interface degradation and Ni diffusion over its operating temperature range (25–1000 °C), in the presence and absence of oxygen, in real time, using in situ TEM.
Reducing the Speckle-Induced Measurement Uncertainty in Laser Triangulation Sensors (2023)

Laser triangulation sensors are one of the most commonly used optical sensors in dimensional metrology and quality control. This article presents a method for simulating the laser speckle-induced measurement uncertainty, representing a major performance limitation of these sensors, as well as the effects of speckle reduction mechanisms based on spatio-temporal averaging. To investigate the relation between triangulation angle and the resulting speckle-induced uncertainty, simulations are performed for three sensor geometries, revealing that a larger angle results not only in a smaller measurement range but also in a reduced influence of laser speckle and a smaller uncertainty. A parameter study on a speckle-reducing moving diffuser mechanism, integrated into the optical sensor path, investigates the achievable improvement for various combinations of motion frequency and amplitude. The accuracy of the simulation results is validated by measurements conducted with an experimental setup, demonstrating good agreement between the measured and simulated uncertainty values with and without the speckle reduction mechanism. It is shown that the diffuser is capable of reducing the resulting speckle-induced measurement uncertainty by up to 63%.
Stalk-dependent and Stalk-independent Signaling by the Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors GPR56 (ADGRG1) and BAI1 (ADGRB1) (2015)

The adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a large yet poorly understood family of seven-transmembrane proteins. A defining characteristic of the aGPCR family is the conserved GAIN domain, which has autoproteolytic activity and can cleave the receptors near the first transmembrane domain. Several aGPCRs, including ADGRB1 (BAI1 or B1) and ADGRG1 (GPR56 or G1), have been found to exhibit significantly increased constitutive activity when truncated to mimic GAIN domain cleavage (ΔNT). Recent reports have suggested that the new N-terminal stalk, which is revealed by GAIN domain cleavage, can directly activate aGPCRs as a tethered agonist. We tested this hypothesis in studies on two distinct aGPCRs, B1 and G1, by engineering mutant receptors lacking the entire NT including the stalk (B1- and G1-SL, with "SL" indicating "stalkless"). These receptors were evaluated in a battery of signaling assays and compared with full-length wild-type and cleavage-mimicking (ΔNT) forms of the two receptors. We found that B1-SL, in multiple assays, exhibited robust signaling activity, suggesting that the membrane-proximal stalk region is not necessary for its activation. For G1, however, the results were mixed, with the SL mutant exhibiting robust activity in several signaling assays (including TGFα shedding, activation of NFAT luciferase, and β-arrestin recruitment) but reduced activity relative to ΔNT in a distinct assay (activation of SRF luciferase). These data support a model in which the activation of certain pathways downstream of aGPCRs is stalk-dependent, whereas signaling to other pathways is stalk-independent.
The self-renewal dental pulp stem cell microtissues challenged by a toxic dental monomer (2020)

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) regenerate injured/diseased pulp tissue and deposit tertiary dentin. DPSCs stress response can be activated by exposing cells to the monomer triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and inducing the DNA-damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) protein expression. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of TEGDMA on the ability of DPSCs to maintain their self-renewal capabilities, develop and preserve their 3D structures and deposit the mineral. Human primary and immortalized DPSCs were cultured in extracellular matrix/basement membrane (ECM/BM) to support stemness and to create multicellular interacting layers (microtissues). The microtissues were exposed to the toxic concentrations of TEGDMA (0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l). The DPSCs spatial architecture was assessed by confocal microscopy. Mineral deposition was detected by alizarin red staining and visualized by stereoscopy. Cellular self-renewal transcription factor SOX2 was determined by immunocytochemistry. The microtissue thicknesses/vertical growth, surface area of the mineralizing microtissues, the percentage of area covered by the deposited mineral, and the fluorescence intensity of the immunostained cells were quantified ImageJ. DDIT4 expression was determined by a single molecule RNA-FISH technique and the cell phenotype was determined morphologically. DDIT4 expression was correlated with the cytotoxic phenotype. TEGDMA affected the structures of developing and mature microtissues. It inhibited the deposition of the mineral in the matrix while not affecting the SOX2 expression. Our data demonstrate that DPSCs retained their self-renewal capacity although their other functions were impeded. Since the DPSCs pool remained preserved, properties effected by the irritant should be restored by a proper rescue therapy.