gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative genetic diversity analysis in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (2013)

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the DNA polymorphism in elite mungbean genotypes. A total of nine AFLP primer combination and 22 ISSR primers were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 30 genotypes, using AFLP analysis, yielded 300 fragments that could be scored, of which 192 were polymorphic, with an average of 21.3 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with AFLP primers ranged from 29 (E-AAC: M-CAG) to 10 (E-ACG: M-CAT). Percentage polymorphism ranged from 46.3% (E-AAC: M-CCA) to a maximum of 100% (E-AAC: M-CAC), with an average of 64%. The 22 ISSR primers used in the study produced 108 bands across 30 genotypes, of which 68 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from two UBC820) to ten URP 6F). The average numbers of bands per primer and polymorphic bands per primer were 4.9 and 3.1, respectively. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 25% (UBC844) to 85% (UBC846, UBC864, UBC895), with an average percentage polymorphism of 58.3% across all the genotypes. AFLP markers were more efficient than the ISSR assay, as they detected 64% polymorphic DNA markers in Vigna radiata as compared to 58.3% for ISSR markers. The Mantel test between the two Jaccard&#39;s similarity matrices gave r = 0.19, showing low correlation between AFLP- and ISSR-based similarities. Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when AFLP and ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. Key words: AFLP, ISSR, Vigna radiata (mung bean), marker index, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA).
Development of an Enzyme-Mediated Assay for Phenylalanine in Blood Spots (1994)

We describe the optimization of a rapid procedure for the elution of phenylalanine from blood spots and the estimation of the amino acid eluted using an enzyme-mediated assay linked to a colorimetric detection system. The method is rapid, fully quantitative, interference-free, accurate and precise unlike many of the methods currently employed for phenylalanine determination. The performance of the proposed method may necessitate the review of reference ranges and cut-off assignment strategies.
Reduced endogenous Ca 2+ buffering speeds active zone Ca 2+ signaling (2015)

Fast synchronous neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone is triggered by local Ca(2+) signals, which are confined in their spatiotemporal extent by endogenous Ca(2+) buffers. However, it remains elusive how rapid and reliable Ca(2+) signaling can be sustained during repetitive release. Here, we established quantitative two-photon Ca(2+) imaging in cerebellar mossy fiber boutons, which fire at exceptionally high rates. We show that endogenous fixed buffers have a surprisingly low Ca(2+)-binding ratio (∼ 15) and low affinity, whereas mobile buffers have high affinity. Experimentally constrained modeling revealed that the low endogenous buffering promotes fast clearance of Ca(2+) from the active zone during repetitive firing. Measuring Ca(2+) signals at different distances from active zones with ultra-high-resolution confirmed our model predictions. Our results lead to the concept that reduced Ca(2+) buffering enables fast active zone Ca(2+) signaling, suggesting that the strength of endogenous Ca(2+) buffering limits the rate of synchronous synaptic transmission.
Influence of Topology Hybridization and Functional Grading on the Compressive Properties of TPMS-based Lattice Cores (2021)

New designs of lattice cores based on the mathematically-deduced sheet-triply periodic minimal surface is proposed in this work. Elastic-plastic simulations are performed to evaluate the superiority of the novel designs based on their quasi-static loading compressive properties.
Acute Hypoperfusion Immediately after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Xenon Contrast-Enhanced CT Study (2009)

The acute neurological deficit present immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) correlates with overall outcome. Only limited data are available to quantify changes in cerebral perfusion in this acute phase, and this study sought to characterize those changes within the first 12 h post-SAH. Xenon contrast-enhanced CT scanning was performed in 17 patients (Hunt and Hess grade [HH] 1-3, n = 9; HH 4-5, n = 8) within 12 h after SAH. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was analyzed in all cortical and central vascular regions of interest (ROI), as well as infratentorial ROI. Hemodynamic stress distribution (central/cortical ROI) was also calculated. Asymptomatic patients without perfusion deficits served as controls (n = 5), and Glasgow Outcome Scale score (GOS) was determined 3 months after the event. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were within normal limits in all patients. CBF was significantly reduced in all patients with SAH (34 mL/100 g x min) compared to controls (67 mL/100 g x min; p < 0.001). Patients in better clinical condition (HH 1-3) presented with significantly less reduction of CBF (41 mL/100 g x min) compared to patients with more severe hemorrhage (HH 4-5: 24 mL/100 g x min; p < 0.001), and had better outcomes. Changes in perfusion were more pronounced in supratentorial than in infratentorial ROI. Hemodynamic stress distribution was most pronounced in patients with higher HH grade (p < 0.05). The first 12 h after SAH are characterized by persistent, severe reduction of CBF, which in turn correlates with HH grade, but is independent of ICP or CPP. Acute peripheral vasospasm of the microvasculature, not detectable by conventional angiography, may account for this early phase of prolonged hypoperfusion.
Use of Normal Tissue Context in Computer-Aided Detection of Masses in Mammograms (2009)

When reading mammograms, radiologists do not only look at local properties of suspicious regions but also take into account more general contextual information. This suggests that context may be used to improve the performance of computer-aided detection (CAD) of malignant masses in mammograms. In this study, we developed a set of context features that represent suspiciousness of normal tissue in the same case. For each candidate mass region, three normal reference areas were defined in the image at hand. Corresponding areas were also defined in the contralateral image and in different projections. Evaluation of the context features was done using 10-fold cross validation and case based bootstrapping. Free response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves were computed for feature sets including context features and a feature set without context. Results show that the mean sensitivity in the interval of 0.05-0.5 false positives/image increased more than 6% when context features were added. This increase was significant ( p < 0.0001). Context computed using multiple views yielded a better performance than using a single view (mean sensitivity increase of 2.9%, p < 0.0001). Besides the importance of using multiple views, results show that best CAD performance was obtained when multiple context features were combined that are based on different reference areas in the mammogram.
Two new triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri and their cytotoxic activity (2022)

Using combined chromatographic methods, two new triterpenoid glycosides, bacopasaponin K (<b>1</b>) and bacopasaponin L (<b>2)</b>, along with eight known compounds, bacopaside IV (<b>3</b>), bacopaside VII (<b>4</b>), bacopasaponin E (<b>5</b>), bacoside A<sub>3</sub> (<b>6</b>), bacopasaponin F (<b>7</b>), bacopasaponin C (<b>8</b>), bacopaside I (<b>9</b>), and bacopaside II (<b>10</b>) were isolated from the methanol extract of the <i>Bacopa monnieri</i>. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS and comparing with the NMR data reported in the literature. All these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Compounds <b>4</b>, <b>6</b>, <b>8</b>, and <b>10</b> exhibited potential cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cells (PC9) and human colon cancer cells (SW620).
Clipping Frequency and Intensity Effects on Big Bluestem Yield, Quality, and Persistence (1992)

This study was initiated to determine the effects of defoliation frequency (based on amount of growth present), intensity, and length of grazing season on quantity and quality of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) in the Southern corn belt and to provide further data regarding the reasons for rapid quality decline of warm-season grasses. Three clipping frequencies (when plants reached heights of 30, 41, 51 cm) at 2 intensities (stubble heights of 10 and 20 cm) were imposed on established plots of pure big bluestem (cv. Kaw). Harvest season length was studied by terminating clipping on 15 August and 15 September as 2 separate treatments. Two years of data indicated that big bluestem regrows insufficiently after 15 August to warrant additional harvests under the imposed managements. Prolonged regrowth and leaving a short stubble of 10 cm resulted in greatest yield. Short stubble led to greater reductions in nonstructural carbohydrates, but did not damage the stand compared to pre-study measurements. Nonstructural carbohydrate levels and stand composition improved with taller stubble. In vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein were higher on treatments clipped to leave a 10-cm stubble. The greatest proportion of leaves resulted from treatments where a 20-cm stubble remained. These results agree with studies indicating that leaf maturity is more responsible for lower quality forage than is the amount of stem material present in the stand. Our results indicate heavy use can be more safely accomplished in the Southern corn belt than for areas to the west because big bluestem can be more intensively defoliated in the Southern corn belt (10-cm) than that recommended for other areas (20 to 40 cm).
Mediators of Immediate Hypersensitivity Derived from Arachidonic Acid (1980)

Recent progress in the elucidation of the chemical structures and biologic properties of the lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid promises to lead to a much greater understanding of human immunopathology and allergic diseases. Although most studies of the metabolism of arachidonic acid over the past two decades have been directed toward the cyclooxygenase pathway, which yields diverse prostaglandins and thromboxanes, substantial evidence now indicates that some of the products of the lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid termed hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETE's) are potent mediators of more fundamental importance than the cyclooxygenase products in numerous allergic and inflammatory states.Through early bioassay . . .
Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: asymptotics and corrections (2011)

ISAM is computed tomography based in broadband, interferometric detection with depth of imaging limited only by signal-to-noise. The theory relies on an asymptotic analysis for which corrections are presented.
Reduced residual renal function is a risk of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (2007)

Our study revealed that RRF and diabetes were risk factors for peritonitis. These results suggest that preservation of RRF should be viewed as a protective strategy to reduce peritonitis.
Dynamic decoding algorithms of LDPC codes based on simulated annealing (2014)

The dynamic scheduling (DS) strategy based decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is explored from a novel point of view. In the view of dynamic selection strategies, intelligent search algorithms are taken into consideration. As is known, the dynamic decoding algorithm is a greedy one, where the message with the maximal-residual is always propagated, which causes unfairness in decoding scheduling when updating messages. To cope with the problem, the simulated annealing (SA) method is first introduced to provide assistance in dynamic scheduling-based decoding. Then, a more accurate dynamic selection strategy is presented based on the SA-assisted dynamic scheduling strategy, SA-DS. When the Metroplis acceptance criterion is satisfied, the SA-DS algorithm can select the most unreliable node accurately and give a priority to update it. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm behaves better than any other algorithm of interests.
CT322, a VEGFR-2 antagonist, demonstrates anti-glioma efficacy in orthotopic brain tumor model as a single agent or in combination with temozolomide and radiation therapy J. Dawn WatersCarlos SanchezAyguen SahinDiahnn Futalan • David D. GondaJustin K. ScheerJohnny AkersKamalakannan Palanichamy • Peter WatermanArnab ChakravartiRalph WeisslederBrent Morse • Nick MarshEric FurfineClark C. ChenIrvith CarvajalBob S. Carter (2012)

Glioblastomas are among the most aggressive human cancers, and prognosis remains poor despite pres- ently available therapies. Angiogenesis is a hallmark of glioblastoma, and the resultant vascularity is associated with poor prognosis. The proteins that mediate angiogen- esis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling proteins, have emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic development. Since VEGF receptor-2 (VEG- FR-2) is thought to be the primary receptor mediating angiogenesis, direct inhibition of this receptor may produce an ideal therapeutic effect. In this context, we tested the therapeutic effect of CT322, a selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2. Using an intracranial murine xenograft model (U87-EGFRvIII-luciferase), we demonstrate that CT322 inhibited glioblastoma growth in vivo and prolonged sur- vival. Of note, the anti-neoplastic effect of CT322 is aug- mented by the incorporation of temozolomide or temozolomide with radiation therapy. Immunohistochemi- cal analysis of CT322 treated tumors revealed decreased CD31 staining, suggesting that the tumoricidal effect is mediated by inhibition of angiogenesis. These pre-clinical results provide the foundation to further understand long term response and tumor escape mechanisms to anti-angio- genic treatments on EGFR over-expressing glioblastomas.
Imported fresh sugar peas as suspected source of an outbreak of Shigella sonnei in Denmark, April – May 2009 (2009)

We report on an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections involving ten cases notified through the laboratory surveillance system in Denmark in April and May. The likely source was consumption of fresh, raw sugar peas (sugar snaps) imported from Africa. This conclusion was based on interviews with cases and on the occurrence of a similar outbreak one month later in Norway. Fresh imported produce may occasionally be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria even when sold as ready-to-eat.
Implementing the Han–Kobayashi Scheme Using Low Density Parity Check Codes Over Gaussian Interference Channels (2014)

We focus on Gaussian interference channels (GICs) and study the Han-Kobayashi coding strategy for the two-user case with the objective of designing implementable (explicit) channel codes. Specifically, low-density parity-check codes are adopted for use over the channel, their benefits are studied, and suitable codes are designed. Iterative joint decoding is used at the receivers, where independent and identically distributed channel adapters are used to prove that log-likelihood-ratios exchanged among the nodes of the Tanner graph enjoy symmetry when BPSK or QPSK with Gray coding is employed. This property is exploited in the proposed code optimization algorithm adopting a random perturbation technique. Code optimization and convergence threshold computations are carried out for different GICs employing finite constellations by tracking the average mutual information. Furthermore, stability conditions for the admissible degree distributions under strong and weak interference levels are determined. Via examples, it is observed that the optimized codes using BPSK or QPSK with Gray coding operate close to the capacity boundary for strong interference. For the case of weak interference, it is shown that nontrivial rate pairs are achievable via the newly designed codes, which are not possible by single user codes with time sharing. Performance of the designed codes is also studied for finite block lengths through simulations of specific codes picked with the optimized degree distributions with random constructions, where, for one instance, the results are compared with those of some structured designs.
Localization of rap1 and rap2 proteins in the gelatinase‐containing granules of human neutrophils (1993)

The subcellular localization of rap proteins in resting human neutrophils was investigated by immunoblot analysis with specific anti-rap2 and anti-rap1 antibodies of the membrane proteins obtained from distinct subcellular fractions. Rap2 protein was mainly located in gelatinase-containing granules, whereas rap1 protein was detected both in gelatinase-containing granules and in fractions enriched in plasma membrane. Neither rap1 nor rap2 proteins were found in the cytosol or in azurophilic granules. Rap2B, not rap2A, appeared to be the major rap2 protein in human neutrophils. The identification and subcellular localization of rap1 and rap2 proteins at the membranes of gelatinase-rich granules suggest that these proteins could play a role in the regulation of the rapid and selective mobilization of gelatinase-containing granules in human neutrophils.
Fault Diagnosis for RAMs Using Walsh Spectrum (2004)

SUMMARY In this paper, we show a method to locate a single stuckat fault of a random access memory (RAM). From the fail-bitmaps of the RAM, we obtain their Walsh spectrum. For a single stuck-at fault, we show that the fault can be identified and located by using only the 0-th and 1-st coefficients of the spectrum. We also show a circuit to compute these coefficients. The computation time is O(2 n ), where n is the number of bits in the address of the RAM. The computation time is much shorter than one
Palm cooling does not reduce heat strain during exercise in a hot, dry environment (2010)

To compare the effectiveness of the rapid thermal exchange device (RTX) in slowing the development of hyperthermia and associated symptoms among hand immersed in water bath (WB), water-perfused vest (WPV), and no cooling condition (NC). Ten subjects performed 4 heat stress trials. The protocol consisted of 2 bouts of treadmill walking, separated by a cooling-rehydration period. The times to reach the predetermined rectal temperature in the first (38.5 degrees C) and second bouts (39 degrees C) were not different among RTX, NC, and WB, but was longer for the WPV in both bouts (p<0.05). Heat storage was significantly lower for WPV only in the first bout vs. the other conditions (p<0.05). Heart rate (HR) was not different at 10, 20, and 30 min during the first bout among RTX, NC, and WB, but was lower for WPV (p<0.05). HR was not different among conditions during the second bout. The RTX was not effective in slowing the development of hyperthermia.
Characterization of third order nonlinearities in TiO₂ waveguides at 1550 nm (2013)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Supplementary Table 1 from Association between Lifestyle Factors and CpG Island Methylation in a Cancer-Free Population (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Association between Lifestyle Factors and CpG Island Methylation in a Cancer-Free Population
High-Pressure CO Oxidation on Pt(111) Monitored with Infrared−Visible Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) (1997)

Catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(111) to CO2 was studied under atmospheric pressures of CO and O2 and at various temperatures. Surface vibrational spectroscopy by sum frequency generation was used to probe the surface species, while the reaction rate and gas composition were simultaneously monitored by gas chromatography. Correlation between the turnover rates and the surface coverage of various CO species were utilized to identify the active CO species in the reaction. Ignition, above which the reaction becomes self-sustained, divides the reaction into two reactivity regimes. Below ignition, atop bonded CO appears as the major species on the surface, but the reaction rate is inversely proportional to the surface coverage of this species, indicating that it is not the active species but rather an inhibitor. The observed activation energy for the reaction in this regime suggests that desorption of atop CO is the rate-limiting step in the reaction. Above ignition, the atop CO becomes hardly detectable and the activation energy reduces to the one directly associated with the reaction energy barrier between adsorbed CO and O on Pt. In all cases, the reaction rate is linearly proportional to the surface coverage of CO adsorbed at non-registry sites or defect (or distorted) surface sites. They are therefore identified as the active CO species in this surface catalytic reaction.
Cloning and Identification of Highly Expressed Genes in Barley Lemma and Palea (2004)

The lemma and palea (lemma/palea) of cereals are photosynthetic organs that supply the developing kernel with carbon and nitrogen. Because of their rigid structure, the lemma/palea can also protect the kernel from pathogens and herbivory. However, very little is known about specific gene expression that enabled the lemma/palea carry out their functions. We have constructed three subtracted cDNA libraries from lemma/palea of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex) at the elongation (between pollination and milky stages) through dough stages of kernel development. Differential screening and northern hybridization showed that the cloned genes were highly expressed in the lemma/palea, compared with the flag leaf. Thus, they contained unique sequences not found in the flag leaf or were expressed in the lemma/palea at much higher levels, appearing as if they were induced. Sequence analysis of 226 clones identified a high proportion of genes for defense, structure, amino acid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. High expression levels of defense‐related genes strongly suggest that lemma/palea constitutively accumulate defensive molecules to inhibit invasion of florets and kernels by pathogens. Increased expression of genes involved in cell wall synthesis and structural repair can improve physical barriers to herbivores and pathogens. High expression of genes for amino acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis indicates that the lemma/palea are major sources of nitrogen and carbon for the growing kernel.
Currents produced by explosive driven transverse shock wave ferromagnetic source of primary power in a coaxial single-turn seeding coil of a magnetocumulative generator (2003)

Experimental and digital simulation studies of the generation of seed currents by an ultracompact (8.66–8.75 cm3 in volume) ferromagnetic explosive-driven generator of primary power (FMG) loaded on the coaxial single-turn seeding coil of a magnetocumulative generator (MCG) have been performed. The operation of the FMG is based on transverse shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnets. The FMG is capable of producing in the coaxial seeding coil of MCG a seed current with peak amplitude I(t)max=3.0 kA and full width at half maximum of 60 μs. The methodology was developed for digital simulation of the seeding processes in the combined FMG/MCG system.
Acute dialysis risk in living kidney donors (2012)

These results are reassuring for the practice of living kidney donation. Longer follow-up of this and other donor cohorts will provide more precise estimates about this risk.