gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in High Myopic Eyes with Previous Radial Keratotomy. (2006)

PURPOSE: To determine an accurate method of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in highly myopic eyes with previous radial keratotomy (RK). METHODS: Five eyes that had undergone RK with preoperative myopia &gt;-14.0 diopters (D) were studied retrospectively. The keratometric values obtained with the clinical history method, contact lens over-refraction method, conventional keratometry, adjusted keratometry, and Orbscan II were compared to the true keratometric value calculated retrospectively with the SRK/T formula. RESULTS: The true keratometric value was closest to that from the contact lens over-refraction method in one eye and to the flatter keratometric value between simulated keratometry (Sim K) and the 3-mm diameter central zone mean keratometric value obtained with axial keratometric power map of Orbscan II in four eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The flatter keratometric value between Sim K and the 3-mm zone mean keratometric value from Orbscan II was closest to the true postoperative RK keratometric value of the central cornea.
Advantages of naphthalene as a building block for organic solid state laser dyes: smaller energy gaps and enhanced stability (2021)

The introduction of naphthalene units into a stilbene structure improves not only the PL quantum yield but also stability. The emission wavelength is redshifted upon π-extension, resulting in the realization of excellent green laser dyes.
Project Adam: building an efficient and scalable deep learning training system (2014)

Large deep neural network models have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy on hard visual recognition tasks. Unfortunately such models are extremely time consuming to train and require large amount of compute cycles. We describe the design and implementation of a distributed system called Adam comprised of commodity server machines to train such models that exhibits world-class performance, scaling and task accuracy on visual recognition tasks. Adam achieves high efficiency and scalability through whole system co-design that optimizes and balances workload computation and communication. We exploit asynchrony throughout the system to improve performance and show that it additionally improves the accuracy of trained models. Adam is significantly more efficient and scalable than was previously thought possible and used 30x fewer machines to train a large 2 billion connection model to 2x higher accuracy in comparable time on the ImageNet 22,000 category image classification task than the system that previously held the record for this benchmark. We also show that task accuracy improves with larger models. Our results provide compelling evidence that a distributed systems-driven approach to deep learning using current training algorithms is worth pursuing.
3D acoustic-elastic coupling with gravity (2021)

We present a highly scalable 3D fully-coupled Earth & ocean model of earthquake rupture and tsunami generation and perform the first fully coupled simulation of an actual earthquake-tsunami event and a 3D benchmark problem of tsunami generation by a megathrust dynamic earthquake rupture. Multi-petascale simulations, with excellent performance demonstrated on three different platforms, allow high-resolution forward modeling. Our largest mesh has ≈261 billion degrees of freedom, resolving at least 15 Hz of the acoustic wave field. We self-consistently model seismic, acoustic and surface gravity wave propagation in elastic (Earth) and acoustic (ocean) materials sourced by physics-based non-linear earthquake dynamic rupture, thereby gaining insight into the tsunami generation process without relying on approximations that have previously been applied to permit solution of this challenging problem. Complicated geometries, including high-resolution bathymetry, coastlines and segmented earthquake faults are discretized by adaptive unstructured tetrahedral meshes. This inevitably leads to large differences in element sizes and wave speeds which can be mitigated by ADER local time-stepping and a Discontinuous Galerkin discretization yielding high-order accuracy in time and space.
Former books digital processing: image warping (2002)

In the present paper we will discuss the way to correct the text image warping due to old bookbindings which can not open to 180/spl deg/. Two methods have been experimented to measure the surface distortion of the paper The first method uses a diffracted laser beam and is operational for 1D distortion measurements. As former bookbindings may also present 2D distortion, we have developed a second method which uses a light projected network and which gives encouraging results.
MOCVD growth of GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs structures for microwave MESFET's (1990)

MOCVD GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs epitaxial structures to fabricate MESFET's have been successfully grown in a low pressure MOCVD system. The growth parameters were optimized to obtain very high uniform epitaxial layers (o - 2%). MESFET's were fabricated and the devices with heterobuffer layer showed good transconductance and linearity as compared to conventional GaAs buffered structures. A 7.7 dB gain was performed at Idss/2 at 18 GHz. However the breakdown voltage has to be improved by lowering the back­ground doping in the Ga1-xAlxAs buffer layer.
154. Telemedicine based assessment of CPR performance in paediatric emergency departments of Pakistan (2020)

Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Pediatric Advance Life Support (PALS) are necessary for physicians working in pediatric emergencies. In Pakistan, similar to other developing countries, number of Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) is low and available PEDs does not have credentialed and certified health professionals to provide life sustaining measures in a critically ill patient. We, ChildLife foundation, started working in 2011, have developed 7 PEDs throughout Sind, Pakistan. We have American Heart Association’s certified instructors who train our physicians and nursing staff for Basic Life Support (BLS) skills. These skills help us saving lives and increase the level of confidence of these physicians while managing a critically ill child. ChildLife foundation has a sophisticated Telemedicine (TM) Program, which provides 24/7 real time, video based consultations as well as assessment of CPR skills of the bedside physicians. Objective: This study aims to assess the CPR performance of bedside physicians via Telemedicine. Method: Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) being performed in the resuscitation rooms of either of the 07 Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) of ChildLife foundation, are frequently assessed by the Telemedicine Physicians on a predesigned checklist. It is a 21 points checklist, designed as per AHA guidelines for BLS. Assessment is done via High Definition Cameras and live monitoring to provide feedback to the physician. All data is kept strictly confidential in a password protected data sheet and feedback of outcome of CPR is given individually and maintain in their monthly performance sheet. We conducted a retrospective data review of CPR assessments done from January 2019 till June 2019. Results: A total of 377 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitations (CPRs) were observed. 122 Number of physician observed. 99% of physicians checked response of patient and 95% called for help. 86% physicians checked for pulse while 81% looked for breathing. 84% of physicians performed appropriate rate of compressions and 69% let the chest recoil completely. In 81% of the encounters, appropriate airway positioning was maintained with head tilt chin lift and in 80% of patients correct E-C clamp was maintained. Ambu bag was attached to oxygen device in 98% but chest rise was being observed by only 51% of physicians. 78% physicians performed appropriate number of CPR cycles. Monitor was attached in 85% of CPRs observed, but rhythm check after every 2 minutes was done by only 45% physicians. Epinephrine was given in correct dose and appropriate dilution in 90% and 89% encounters, respectively. 45% avoided interruptions during CPR. Overall CPR performance was 76%. Conclusion: Adequate Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) performance is the key factor in saving lives in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) and regular, frequent assessments are necessary to keep a check and balance on performance to provide quality of care and to improve teaching and training.
Rapid microstructural plasticity in the cortical semantic network following a short language learning session (2021)

Despite the clear importance of language in our life, our vital ability to quickly and effectively learn new words and meanings is neurobiologically poorly understood. Conventional knowledge maintains that language learning-especially in adulthood-is slow and laborious. Furthermore, its structural basis remains unclear. Even though behavioural manifestations of learning are evident near instantly, previous neuroimaging work across a range of semantic categories has largely studied neural changes associated with months or years of practice. Here, we address rapid neuroanatomical plasticity accompanying new lexicon acquisition, specifically focussing on the learning of action-related language, which has been linked to the brain's motor systems. Our results show that it is possible to measure and to externally modulate (using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex) cortical microanatomic reorganisation after mere minutes of new word learning. Learning-induced microstructural changes, as measured by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and machine learning-based analysis, were evident in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal neocortical sites, likely reflecting integrative lexico-semantic processing and formation of new memory circuits immediately during the learning tasks. These results suggest a structural basis for the rapid neocortical word encoding mechanism and reveal the causally interactive relationship of modal and associative brain regions in supporting learning and word acquisition.
Agricultural Progress in the Cotton Belt since 1920 (1951)

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Synthesis of Cardo Based Poly(arylene ether)s for Flexible Plastic Substrates and Their Properties (2011)

New poly(arylene ether)s (PAEs) with both transparency and heat-resistance were prepared by a polycondensation of FBPODS, an ordered-sequence aromatic dihalide, and cardo typed aromatic diols containing fluorene and/or adamantane moiety and also non-cardo typed 1,5-naphthalene diol. The resulting polymers had their glass transition temperatures ranged from 202 to <TEX>$247^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Based on TGA data, they exhibited excellent thermal stabilities, showing 5% weight loss at <TEX>$434-487^{\circ}C$</TEX>. They had low thermal expansion coefficients of 58-59 ppm at temperature range of <TEX>$50-200^{\circ}C$</TEX> as well as good mechanical properties with moduli of 1757-2143 MPa. The optical transmittance for the PAE films was over 70% at 550 nm, except for the PAE that contains naphthalene moiety (30% at 550 nm). They also showed water uptake of about 0.68% regardless of their chemical compositions. Therefore, the newly developed PAEs show strong potential as plastic substrates for flexible devices for display, solar cell and e-paper.
SARS-CoV-2 seroassay optimization and performance in a population with high background reactivity in Mali (2021)

Serological tests are an indispensable tool to understand the epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, particularly in areas where molecular diagnostics are limited. Poor assay performance may hinder the utility of these tests, including high rates of false-positivity previously reported in sub-Saharan Africa. From 312 Malian samples collected prior to 2020, we measured antibodies to the commonly tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens and four other betacoronaviruses by ELISA, and assessed functional cross-reactivity in a subset by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay. We then evaluated the performance of an ELISA developed in the US, using two-antigen SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain. To optimize test performance, we compared single and two-antigen approaches using existing assay cutoffs and population-specific cutoffs for Malian control samples (positive and negative). Background reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was common in pre-pandemic samples compared to US controls (43.4% (135/311) for spike protein, 22.8% (71/312) for RBD, and 33.9% (79/233) for nucleocapsid protein). SARS-CoV-2 reactivity correlated weakly with other betacoronavirus reactivity, varied between Malian communities, and increased with age. No pre-pandemic samples demonstrated functional activity. Regardless of the cutoffs applied, specificity improved using a two-antigen approach. Test performance was optimal using a two-antigen assay with population-specific cutoffs derived from ROC curve analysis [Sensitivity: 73.9% (51.6-89.8), Specificity: 99.4% (97.7-99.9)]. In the setting of high background reactivity, such as sub-Saharan Africa, SARS-CoV-2 serological assays need careful qualification is to characterize the epidemiology of disease, prevent unnecessary harm, and allocate resources for targeted control measures.
Inverse Dynamic Simulation of Non-Quadratic MIMO Powertrain Models -Application to Hybrid Vehicles (2006)

The method for stable inversion of nonlinear systems has earlier been demonstrated as an efficient tool in inverse dynamic vehicle propulsion simulation. However, that method is restricted to quadratic systems, i.e. systems with equally many inputs and outputs. Here that restriction is relaxed for typical vehicle propulsion simulation where the number of inputs, e.g. accelerator pedal and brake pedal, are greater than the number of outputs, e.g. vehicle speed. Also restrictions to states and inputs resulting in time varying system order and relative degree is discussed. A model of a parallel hybrid vehicle is used for demonstration
Integrated circuit/microfluidic chip to programmably trap and move cells and droplets with dielectrophoresis (2007)

We present an integrated circuit/microfluidic chip that traps and moves individual living biological cells and chemical droplets along programmable paths using dielectrophoresis (DEP). Our chip combines the biocompatibility of microfluidics with the programmability and complexity of integrated circuits (ICs). The chip is capable of simultaneously and independently controlling the location of thousands of dielectric objects, such as cells and chemical droplets. The chip consists of an array of 128 x 256 pixels, 11 x 11 microm(2) in size, controlled by built-in SRAM memory; each pixel can be energized by a radio frequency (RF) voltage of up to 5 V(pp). The IC was built in a commercial foundry and the microfluidic chamber was fabricated on its top surface at Harvard. Using this hybrid chip, we have moved yeast and mammalian cells through a microfluidic chamber at speeds up to 30 microm sec(-1). Thousands of cells can be individually trapped and simultaneously positioned in controlled patterns. The chip can trap and move pL droplets of water in oil, split one droplet into two, and mix two droplets into one. Our IC/microfluidic chip provides a versatile platform to trap and move large numbers of cells and fluid droplets individually for lab-on-a-chip applications.
Change in self‐efficacy partially mediates the effects of the FRESH START intervention on cancer survivors' dietary outcomes (2008)

Findings are largely consistent with Social Cognitive Theory and support the use of strategies to increase self-efficacy in health promotion interventions for cancer survivors.
Dielectric surface charge continuity (1976)

The purpose of this report is to discuss from the point of view of charge continuity the current-voltage characteristics of a system in which charges are transported both parallel and normal to a surface. Observed characteristics of an interdigital array coated with a thin film of dielectric are compared with numerical experiments designed to model simultaneous bulk and surface currents. The overall objective of the investigation from the materials science viewpoint is to characterize the influence of ambient humidity on charge transport in dielectrics.
Syngeneic GvH Induced in Popliteal Lymph Nodes by Spleen Cells of Old C57BL/6 Mice (1978)

Abstract The frequency of autoimmune processes seems to increase with age. We have studied here whether lymphoid cells of aged mice have the potential to express autoreactivity by the use of the in vivo graft-vs-host (GvH) assay. It was found that spleen cells from old (104 weeks) C57BL mice caused significant enlargement of the popliteal lymph node upon injection into the footpads of syngeneic young or old recipients. Histologically this enlargement presented characteristics of a GvH reaction. This effect, which was not abolished by irradiation of the hosts, was totally cancelled by in vitro irradiation or by anti-θ treatment of the donor cells. These results indicate that T cells from aged mice have the potential to manifest autoimmune reactivity.
Metal Detector for Tracing Submarine Telecommunication Cables (1983)

The characteristics and the optimum design of a metal detector are studied theoretically and experimentally. This metal detector is expected to be mounted on an unmanned submersible and to be used for the location finding and tracing of the submarine telecommunication cables. The detector consists of one exciting coil and two receiving coils which are fixed perpendicularly to the excitation coil. The receiving coils detect the magnetic field induced by the eddy current flowing in the outer conductor of the submarine cable. Although the detection range is narrow, about 40 cm, this detector has some advantages that the other cable-locating sensors do not have. The detecting characteristics are calculated numerically under several assumptions and compared with experimental results.
Predicted risks of second malignant neoplasm incidence and mortality due to secondary neutrons in a girl and boy receiving proton craniospinal irradiation (2010)

The purpose of this study was to compare the predicted risks of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) incidence and mortality from secondary neutrons for a 9-year-old girl and a 10-year-old boy who received proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI). SMN incidence and mortality from neutrons were predicted from equivalent doses to radiosensitive organs for cranial, spinal and intracranial boost fields. Therapeutic proton absorbed dose and equivalent dose from neutrons were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Risks of SMN incidence and mortality in most organs and tissues were predicted by applying risks models from the National Research Council of the National Academies to the equivalent dose from neutrons; for non-melanoma skin cancer, risk models from the International Commission on Radiological Protection were applied. The lifetime absolute risks of SMN incidence due to neutrons were 14.8% and 8.5%, for the girl and boy, respectively. The risks of a fatal SMN were 5.3% and 3.4% for the girl and boy, respectively. The girl had a greater risk for any SMN except colon and liver cancers, indicating that the girl's higher risks were not attributable solely to greater susceptibility to breast cancer. Lung cancer predominated the risk of SMN mortality for both patients. This study suggests that the risks of SMN incidence and mortality from neutrons may be greater for girls than for boys treated with proton CSI.
Migration of Neurotrophic Factors-Secreting Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward a Quinolinic Acid Lesion as Viewed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

Stem cell-based treatment is a promising frontier for neurodegenerative diseases. We propose a novel protocol for inducing the differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward neurotrophic factor (NTF)-secreting cells as a possible neuroprotective agent. One of the major caveats of stem cell transplantation is their fate post-transplantation. To test the viability of the cells, we tracked the transplanted cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and validated the results by histology. MSCs went through a two-step medium-based differentiation protocol, followed by in vitro characterization using immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting analysis of the cell media. We examined the migratory properties of the cells in the quinolinic acid (QA)-induced striatal lesion model for Huntington's disease. The induced cells were labeled and transplanted posterior to the lesion. Rats underwent serial MRI scans to detect cell migration in vivo. On the 19th day, animals were sacrificed, and their brains were removed for immunostaining. Rat MSCs postinduction exhibited both neuronal and astrocyte markers, as well as production and secretion of NTFs. High-resolution two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetic resonance images revealed that the cells migrated along a distinct route toward the lesion. The in vivo MRI results were validated by the histological study, which demonstrated that phagocytosis had only partially occurred and that MRI could correctly depict the status of the migrating cells. The results show that these cells migrated toward a QA lesion and therefore survived for 19 days post-transplantation. This gives hope for future research harnessing these cells for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Nonlinear apodization for sidelobe control in SAR imagery (1995)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery often requires sidelobe control, or apodization, via weighting of the frequency domain aperture. This is of particular importance when imaging scenes containing objects such as ships or buildings having very large radar cross sections. Sidelobe improvement using spectral weighting is invariably at the expense of mainlobe resolution presented here is a class of nonlinear operators which significantly reduce sidelobe levels without degrading mainlobe resolution implementation is via sequential nonlinear operations applied to complex-valued (undetected) SAR imagery. SAR imaging is used to motivate the concepts developed in this work. However, these nonlinear apodization techniques have potentially broad and far-ranging applications in antenna design, sonar, digital filtering etc., i.e., whenever data can be represented as the Fourier transform of a finite-aperture signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual-world hardware and software optics educational system (2005)

We have developed an educational optics learning tool, which allows students to work in parallel with a real hardware system and a matching, realistic looking, virtual model. We have implemented the idea as an educational laser-kit, and we describe the educational ideas behind it and our experience with its use for motivating and inspiring grade school teachers, educate high school students and train college students. The present system is a relatively advanced laser system consisting of a unique combination of a 2-D breadboard with magnetic mounts carrying the optical components and a corresponding, realistic 2-D display, layout and analysis software.
Amphiphilic/Bipolar Metallocorroles That Catalyze the Decomposition of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species, Rescue Lipoproteins from Oxidative Damage, and Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Mice (2008)

Wirkungsvoller als die Natur: Das Eisencorrol 1-Fe (siehe Bild) ist ein potenter Katalysator für die Zersetzung von reaktiven Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffspezies, die selektiv an Lipoproteine binden. Der Komplex beeinflusst auch den Cholesterinspiegel und den zellulären Cholesterin-Efflux. 1-Fe vermindert die Atheroskleroseentwicklung in Mäusen wirkungsvoller als natürliche Antioxidantien. LDL=Lipoprotein niedriger Dichte.