gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From biglobal to triglobal resolvent analysis: laminar separated flows over swept wings (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2428.vid We study the effects of sweep and tip vortex on laminar wakes behind NACA 0015 wings at post-stall angles of attack and sweep angles between 0◦ ≤ Λ ≤ 45◦. To compare two- and three-dimensional flow features, we analyze spanswise periodic and finite-aspect-ratio 4 wings with chord-based Reynolds number of 400 and freestream Mach number of 0.1. At lower angles of attacks, the wake dynamics of the spanwise periodic wings is two-dimensional for all sweep angles. At high angles of attack, stall cells are formed on unswept wings and three-dimensionality is developed in the wake. As we increase the sweep angle, this flow behavior is attenuated over spanwise periodic wings. These findings suggest a stabilizing effect of the sweep angle on the wake flow. To gain insights on the mechanisms responsible for such flow features, we conduct biglobal and triglobal resolvent analyses about the base flows obtained from direct numerical simulations. The resolvent gain peak is found at the vortex shedding frequency for all cases. For spanwise periodic wings, nonzero spanwise wavenumbers show a high input–output gain when the wing is swept, suggesting a relation of such modes with the formation of oblique vortex shedding in laminar flows over finite swept wings. For the finite wings, we observe a distinct behavior for the triglobal modes in unswept and swept wings. For unswept wings, the dominant modes are observed in the midspan at the vortex shedding frequency and transition to the wing tip as the Strouhal number increases. For swept finite wings, the response modes are mainly observed near the wing tip as strong spanwise flow advects perturbations from the midspan region. The present results characterizes the effects of sweep and tip vortex on the complex wake dynamics offered by the resolvent analysis.
Photocatalytic Activity of R3MO7 and R2Ti2O7 (R: Y, Gd, La; M: Nb, Ta) for Water Splitting into H2 and O2. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient generation of indeno[1,2-c]chromenes via the Pd-catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylhalobenzenes with 2-alkynylphenols (2011)

A palladium-catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylhalobenzenes with 2-alkynylphenols in the presence of PCy(3) is discovered, which provides an efficient and facile route to indeno[1,2-c]chromenes. This reaction works efficiently, leading to the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
Energy optimal on-line Self-Test of microprocessors in WSN nodes (2010)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications often need to be deployed in harsh environments, where the possibility of faults due to environmental hazards is significantly increased, while silicon aging and wearout effects are also exacerbated. For such applications, periodic on-line testing of the WSN nodes is an important step towards correctness of operation. However, on-line testing of processors integrated in WSN nodes has to address the additional challenge of minimum energy consumption, because these devices operate on battery, which usually cannot be replaced and in the absence of catastrophic failures determines the lifetime of the system. In this paper initially we derive analytically the optimal way for executing on-line periodic test with adjustable period, taking into account the degrading behavior of the system due to silicon aging effects but also the limited energy budget of WSN applications. The test is applied in the form of Software-Based Self-Test (SBST) routines, thus we proceed to the power optimized development of SBST routines targeting the transition delay fault model that is well suited for detecting timing violations due to silicon aging. Simulation results show that energy savings for the final SBST routine at processor level are up to 35.4% and the impact of test in the battery life of the system is negligible.
Observations of complex nonlinear behavior in the neuronlike output of cryogenically cooled silicon devices (1988)

The experimental observations about the complex nonlinear behavior of spontaneous pulsing of dc biased, p-i-n diodes RC circuits are reported. Time intervals series between successive pulses in spike trains were analyzed. Transitions from quasiperiodicity into chaos via mode-locking were observed. The phase portrait is analyzed to reveal that the system is really characterized by a strange attractor. Finally, the embedding algorithm has applied to determine the fractal dimension of the attractor.
The increase in skeletal muscle mass in male and female mice (1973)

Abstract The total mass of skeletal muscle in male and female mice of strain 129/Re was found by removing the muscle from the bones using papain. The total muscle mass of male and female mice of under three weeks of age was not significantly different. After this time the muscle mass of male mice increased more rapidly and plateaued at a higher value than that of females. However, if the total muscle mass was plotted as a function of body weight then there was no significant difference between males and females. The percentage of body weight taken up by skeletal muscle was the same for males and females at all stages of development.
OVERRATING THE RUSH HOUR (2002)

Traffic congestion in the U.S., while certainly not getting any better, is still far from intolerable for residents in many regions, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. The Institute knows this because it has developed a measure of congestion for each region called the travel time index (TTI). The TTI calculates the number of additional minutes needed to make a trip during peak travel periods rather than other times of day, when traffic is presumably flowing freely. The higher the TTI, the greater the congestion. This article presents the author's findings, from regression analysis, of using TTI data to discover what affects the Index, and thus congestion. Three key geographic/demographic independent variables with statistically significant impacts on regional traffic congestion were found to exist, and are described and discussed.
Photoproduction of J/ψ and of high mass e+e− in ultra-peripheral Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV (2009)

We present the first measurement of photoproduction of J/ψ and of two-photon production of high-mass e+e− pairs in electromagnetic (or ultra-peripheral) nucleus–nucleus interactions, using Au + Au data at sNN=200 GeV. The events are tagged with forward neutrons emitted following Coulomb excitation of one or both Au⋆ nuclei. The event sample consists of 28 events with me+e−>2 GeV/c2 with zero like-sign background. The measured cross sections at midrapidity of dσ/dy(J/ψ+Xn,y=0)=76±33(stat)±11(syst) μb and d2σ/dmdy(e+e−+Xn,y=0)=86±23(stat)±16(syst) μb/(GeV/c2) for me+e−∈[2.0,2.8] GeV/c2 have been compared and found to be consistent with models for photoproduction of J/ψ and QED based calculations of two-photon production of e+e− pairs.
Physical activity is related to the structural integrity of cerebral white matter (2013)

These data indicate an association between physical activity and the integrity of the cerebral white matter's microstructure. Prospective studies are required to investigate a possible causal association between physical activity and cognitive decline.
Synthesis and acylation of salts of L-threonine .beta.-lactone: a route to .beta.-lactone antibiotics (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and acylation of salts of L-threonine .beta.-lactone: a route to .beta.-lactone antibioticsYunlong Pu, Fionna M. Martin, and John C. VederasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3, 1280–1283Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00003a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00003a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 6β-N(5)-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (1993)

Summary 6β-N(5)-methyl-5.6J,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin·2 HC1. a new derivate of biological interest, was synthesized from 6β-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopteril·2 HC1 and characterized. The latter compound has been used therapeutically in atypical phenylketonuria for many years. The catalytic reductive methylation with PtO 2 /H 2 and formaldehyde allowed selective methylation at the N(5) position. The chemical properties and stnlctures of the new compound arc compared with N(5)-methyl-tetrahydropterin and N(5)-methyl-tetrahydrofolate.
Biological production of methane from coal synthesis gas under high pressure (1987)

Carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the major components of coal synthesis gas, may be converted to methane by the action of anaerobic bacteria. Both pure and mixed cultures have been developed to carry out the water-gas shift and methanation reactions. Reaction rates are severely limited by mass-transfer of these gaseous substrates. Research studies show that increased pressure results in a proportionate increase in reaction rate. This paper examines the effects of high pressure on the performance of organisms, such as P. productus and Methanothrix, in converting coal gas into methane. The effects of carbon monoxide inhibition and high pressure are presented and discussed.
Isotopic Mixing in OO'-Dideuterosuccinic Acid Single Crystals (1969)

Extensive isotopic mixing in partially deuterated succinic acid single crystals brought about by moderate doses of ionizing radiation point to a radiochemical reaction occurring with very large G value and thus to a free radical chain reaction. The isotopic mixing is evident in the ESR spectrum of the free radicals produced in low concentration and also, remarkably, in the IR absorption spectrum which reveals that a considerable fraction of all of the molecules in the crystal are involved. The evidence points to the possibility that hydrogen atom vacancies in organic crystals may sometimes be mobile, and so constitute a unique type of crystal defect.
Theophylline and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of respiratory disease (2003)

At least 11 families of PDE including PDE1–7 and PDE8–11 are known to exist based upon a variety of criteria including substrate specificity, inhibitor potency, enzyme kinetics and amino acid sequence. These enzymes are distributed widely throughout the body, differentially expressed in cells and localized to different compartments within cells. The functional significance of the subcellular localization of PDEs is not completely understood, although there is a considerable body of evidence to suggest that the expression of PDE in cellular domains can tightly regulate the levels of cyclic nucleotides in the vicinity of effector proteins and is therefore implicated in the regulation of cell function.
Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing (2009)

Rapid identification and typing of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important for understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of MRSA and offers many advantages for controlling transmission in both health care and community settings. We developed a rapid molecular beacon real-time PCR (MB-PCR) assay for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The design of this system is based on the established definition of SCCmec types, namely, the combination of the mec class complex with the ccr allotype. The assay consists of two multiplex panels, the combination of which results in two targets (mec class, ccr) for each SCCmec type. MB-PCR panel I targets mecA, ccrB2, mecI, and the DeltamecR1-IS1272 junction (mec class B); it can definitively identify SCCmec types II and IV. MB-PCR panel II detects ccrC, ccrB1, ccrB3, ccrB4, and the DeltamecR1-IS431 junction (mec class C2) and is therefore capable of identifying SCCmec types I, III, V, and VI in combination with panel I. The method can also detect the recently described novel SCCmec type VIII (ccrAB4 with mec class A). Our assay demonstrated 100% concordance when applied to 162 MRSA strains previously characterized by traditional SCCmec typing schemes. Four geographically and temporally diverse S. aureus collections were also successfully classified by our assay, along with 1,683 clinical isolates comprising both hospital- and community-associated MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains. As many as 96 isolates can be classified easily within 3 to 4 h, including DNA isolation, PCR cycling, and analysis. The assay is rapid, robust, sensitive, and cost-effective, allowing for high-throughput SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates.
Spinal Deformity in Myelodysplasia (1997)

Pedicle screw instrumentation is uniquely suited to the deficient myelodysplastic spine. Compared with historical control subjects, these devices have proven capable of significant correction of both scoliotic and kyphotic deformities. This instrumentation appears particularly useful in preserving lumbar lordosis in all patients and may preserve more lumbar motion in ambulatory myelodysplasia patients.
Use of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrogram Mapping System in Mapping and Ablating the Atrial Flutter of a Transplanted Heart (2008)

Atrial flutter in donor part of orthotopic heart transplant has been reported and treated by radiofrequency ablation in the past. Complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFE) mapping has been used to simplify the ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation. Here, we report a case with atrial flutter in an orthotopic heart transplant whose circuit mapping was difficult. Using CFE helped us to define the arrhythmia circuit easily and perform curative ablation.
Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra Neurons Express Functional NMDA Receptors in Postnatal Rats (2001)

Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the Substantia Nigra zona compacta (SNc) may determine the degree of physiological apoptosis during the early postnatal period. However, the expression of these receptors during this stage of development is uncertain, as a recent study failed to detect responses to NMDA in unidentified SNc neurons isolated from 2-wk-old rats. Using conventional or perforated-patch whole cell recordings, we examined the presence of NMDA-evoked responses in SNc neurons acutely dissociated from P4 to P16 rats, applying strict criteria for identification of these neurons as nigrostriatal and dopaminergic. The SNc neurons were identified by retrograde labeling after striatal injection of Fluoro-Gold; the presence of I(h) current; and the inhibition of firing by dopamine (50 microM). NMDA (100 microM, V(hold) = -60 mV) evoked inward, APV-sensitive currents (56.4 +/- 8.6 pA) in all tested neurons (n = 29). Strong depolarizing responses were observed under current-clamp. These results indicate that NMDA receptors play a functional role in SNc neurons during the first two postnatal weeks.
Structural, spectroscopic and catalytic activity studies on glutathione reductase reconstituted with FAD analogues (1991)

FAD-modified human glutathione reductases were reconstituted from apoenzyme using the FAD analogues 6-SH-FAD, 6-SCN-FAD, 6-OH-FAD, 6-NH2-FAD and 8-OH-FAD. The catalytic activities of the modified enzymes were substantially lower than for the native enzyme. All five species could be crystallized, but only those containing 6-SH-FAD, 6-OH-FAD and 6-NH2-FAD yielded crystals that could be analyzed. X-ray analyses and structural refinements were performed at 0.27 nm and 0.30 nm resolution resulting in R factors around 13.5%. The crystal structures showed the additional non-hydrogen atoms and small conformational changes of the polypeptide that were obviously induced by the substituents of the FAD analogues. The observed changes together with spectroscopic and activity data permit some conclusions about the chemical nature of the substituents.
Worldwide inertia to the use of cardiorenal protective glucose-lowering drugs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA) in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (2020)

The disclosure of proven cardiorenal benefits with certain antidiabetic agents was supposed to herald a new era in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially for the many patients with T2D who are at high risk for cardiovascular and renal events. However, as the evidence in favour of various sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) accumulates, prescriptions of these agents continue to stagnate, even among eligible, at-risk patients. By contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) DPP-4i remain more widely used than SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in these patients, despite a similar cost to SGLT2i and a large body of evidence showing no clear benefit on cardiorenal outcomes. We are a group of diabetologists united by a shared concern that clinical inertia is preventing these patients from receiving life-saving treatments, as well as placing them at greater risk of hospitalisation for heart failure and progression of renal disease. We propose a manifesto for change, in order to increase uptake of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in appropriate patients as a matter of urgency, especially those who could be readily switched from an agent without proven cardiorenal benefit. Central to our manifesto is a shift from linear treatment algorithms based on HbA1c target setting to parallel, independent considerations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and renal risks, in accordance with newly updated guidelines. Finally, we call upon all colleagues to play their part in implementing our manifesto at a local level, ensuring that patients do not pay a heavy price for continued clinical inertia in T2D.
Carrier transport in nanoporousTiO2films (2000)

Recent results on electron transport in nanoporous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ films with gas-filled, insulating pores are evaluated. Measurements on ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}/\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ Schottky barrier structures indicate a barrier height of 1.7 eV, compatible with an electron affinity of 3.9 eV for the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ films. Below \ensuremath{\sim}300 K, tunneling transport through the barrier occurs, resulting in barrier lowering effects. Carrier drift mobilities, recombination lifetimes and their dependence on injection level in ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ are reported. It is found that the mobility-lifetime product is independent of injection level, while drift mobility and recombination lifetime change strongly with injection. All experimental findings are discussed in terms of two different transport models, one based on trap filling, the other on the screening of potential fluctuations. The trap filling model appears as the more plausible model. Comparison with recent experiments on nanoporous films in contact with electrolytes indicate that the transport and recombination mechanism is qualitatively similar for the two cases.
Sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of metoclopramide in human plasma: application to a bioequivalence study (2010)

A simple, sensitive and rapid method has been developed and validated for determination of the metoclopramide (MCP) in 100 microL human plasma. The analytical procedure involves a liquid-liquid extraction method using tramadol as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a HyPURITY ADVANCE column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The total run time of analysis was 2.5 min and elution of MCP and IS occurred at 0.9 and 1.3 min, respectively. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.53-42.07 ng/mL (r > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precision values for MCP met the acceptance as per FDA guidelines. MCP was stable in a battery of stability studies viz., bench-top, auto-sampler and freeze-thaw cycles. The developed assay method was successfully applied to an oral bioequivalence study in humans.
Effects of KCl Addition on the K2CO3Flux Growth of Ca3Co4O9Crystals for a Thermoelectric Device (2003)

Crystals of Ca3Co4O9 were grown by a solution method. We found that an appropriate amount of KCl addition to the K2CO3 flux can facilitate the growth of Ca3Co4O9 crystals and suppress the crystallization of Ca3Co2O6, which is the decomposed phase of Ca3Co4O9. Using a flux composition of K2CO3:KCl=4:1, we obtained large single Ca3Co4O9 crystals possessing a well-grown ab-plane. The largest crystal formed had a size of about 4.5×2.5×0.02 mm3. The in-plane electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient at 300 K are 12 mΩcm and 150 µV/K, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited is slightly larger than previously reported values.
A system for summary-document similarity in notary domain (2007)

In this paper we propose a methodology to perform a comparison between a legal document and its related handwritten summary. We thus describe the algorithms that verify when a human-produced summary is consistent with its source document. We first analyze both documents in order to extract only the relevant information then we compare such information in order to obtain a measure of correlation indicating the consistence between the two documents. Eventually, we briefly report on the performance of these algorithms.
Thymic selection is influenced by subtle structural variation involving the p4 residue of an MHC class I-bound peptide (2000)

The T lineage repertoire is shaped by opposing processes of positive and negative selection. To probe the specificity of selection, N15 TCR-transgenic (tg) recombinase-activating gene (RAG)-2(- / -) H-2(b) mice recognizing the VSV8 octapeptide RGYVYQGL bound to K(b) were utilized in conjunction with VSV8 variants differing only at the central p4 position. The V4I mutant octamer, like VSV8, induces negative selection of immature double-positive thymocytes on the beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M)(+ / +) background and is a strong agonist for mature N15 T cells. In contrast, V4L or V4norvaline octamers promote positive selection in N15tg RAG-2(-/-) beta(2)M(-/-) H-2(b) fetal thymic organ culture and are weak agonists for N15 T cells. Hence, the absence of a p4 side chain Cbeta-methyl group results in positive selection of the N15 TCR. Hydrophobicity of the p4 residues also modulates thymocyte fate: the positively selecting norvaline and leucine variants have one and two Cgamma-methyl groups, respectively, while the weakly selecting gamma-methylleucine p4 contains three Cgamma-methyl groups. Moreover, the most hydrophobic octamer containing p4 cyclohexylglycine substitution fails to select. Thus, for N15 and presumably other MHC class I-restricted TCR, there is a high degree of structural specificity to peptide-dependent thymic selection processes.