gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formic Acid Oxidation in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell: A Real‐Time Mass‐Spectrometry Study (1996)

The electro‐oxidation of formic acid was studied in a direct‐oxidation polymer‐electrolyte fuel cell at 170°C using real‐time mass spectrometry. The results are compared with those obtained for methanol oxidation under the same conditions. Formic acid was electrochemically more active than methanol on both Pt‐black and Pt/Ru catalysts. The polarization potential of formic acid oxidation was ca. 90 to 100 mV lower than that of methanol. The oxidation of formic acid was dependent on the water/formic acid mole ratio. The best anode performance was obtained using a water/formic acid mole ratio of ∼2. In addition, Pt/Ru catalyst was more active than Pt‐black for formic acid oxidation. The mass spectrometric results showed that is the only reaction product of formic acid oxidation. The results are discussed in terms of possible formic acid oxidation mechanisms.
Collaborative systems for telemedicine diagnosis accuracy (2021)

The transmission of medical data and the possibility for distant healthcare structures to share experiments about a given medical case raises several conceptual and technical questions. Good remote healthcare monitoring deals with more problems in personalized heath data processing compared to the traditional methods nowadays used in several parts of hospitals in the world. The adoption of telemedicine in the healthcare sector has significantly changed medical collaboration. However, to provide good telemedicine services through new technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and so on, a suitable and adaptable framework should be designed. Moreover, in the chain of medical information exchange, between requesting agencies, including physicians, a secure and collaborative platform enhanced the decision-making process. This paper provides an in-depth literature review on the interaction that telemedicine has with cloud-based computing. On the other hand, the paper proposes a framework that can allow various research organizations, healthcare sectors, and government agencies to log data, develop collaborative analysis, and support decision-making. The electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram EEG case studies demonstrate the benefit of the proposed approach in data reduction and high-fidelity signal processing to a local level; this can make possible the extracted characteristic features to be communicated to the cloud database.
Patent Review of Manufacturing Routes to Recently Approved Oncology Drugs: Ibrutinib, Cobimetinib, and Alectinib (2016)

This article reviews the patent literature on synthetic routes and API forms of recently approved orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, including Imbruvica (ibrutinib), Cotellic (cobimetinib), and Alecensa (alectinib). Although the patents for ibruitinib published in the FDA Orange Book do not start expiring until late 2026, 13 patents have been filed on alternate routes and 11 on final forms of the API by the innovators and generic firms. Regarding cobimetinib, a nonscalable route used during discovery efforts required an alternate route for development; an efficient route was developed and used throughout clinical development and commercialization. A productive second-generation eight-step linear route to alectinib, with an average yield of 89% per step, was designed and developed to support development and commercialization.
A novel reduced-complexity widely linear QLMS algorithm (2011)

The widely linear quaternion least mean square (WL-QLMS) algorithm is used to capture complete second order statistics in quaternion valued mean-square estimation (MSE). However, quaternion operations during the signal processing have high computational cost, since each operation involves the calculation of one real part and three different imaginary elements. We propose a reduced-complexity WL-QLMS (RC-WL-QLMS) algorithm, and we show that using a real data vector, the RC-WL-QLMS achieves the same MSE of the WL-QLMS, with lower computational cost. The new algorithm also presents faster convergence when compared to the WL-QLMS, which is shown analytically and through simulations.
Optimal and robust control and estimation of linear paths to transition (1998)

Optimal and robust control theories are used to determine effective, estimator-based feedback control rules for laminar plane channel flows that effectively stabilize linearly unstable flow perturbations at Re=10 000 and linearly stable flow perturbations, characterized by mechanisms for very large disturbance amplification, at Re=5000. Wall transpiration (unsteady blowing/suction) with zero net mass flux is used as the control, and the flow measurement is derived from the wall skin friction. The control objective, beyond simply stabilizing any unstable eigenvalues (which is relatively easy to accomplish), is to minimize the energy of the flow perturbations created by external disturbance forcing. This is important because, when mechanisms for large disturbance amplification are present, small-amplitude external disturbance forcing may excite flow perturbations with sufficiently large amplitude to induce nonlinear flow instability.The control algorithms used in the present work account for system disturbances and measurement noise in a rigorous fashion by application of modern linear control techniques to the discretized linear stability problem. The disturbances are accounted for both as uncorrelated white Gaussian processes ([Hscr ]2 or ‘optimal’ control) and as finite ‘worst case’ inputs which are maximally detrimental to the control objective ([Hscr ]∞ or ‘robust’ control). Root loci and transient energy growth analyses are shown to be inadequate measures to characterize overall system performance. Instead, appropriately defined transfer function norms are used to characterize all systems considered in a consistent and relevant manner. In order to make a parametric study tractable in this high-dimensional system, a convenient new scaling to the estimation problem is introduced such that three scalar parameters {γ, α, [lscr ]} may be individually adjusted to achieve desired closed-loop characteristics of the resulting systems. These scalar parameters may be intuitively explained, and are defined such that the resulting control equations retain the natural dual structure between the control parameter, [lscr ], and the estimation parameter, α. The performance of the present systems with respect to these parameters is thoroughly investigated, and comparisons are made to simple proportional schemes where appropriate.
Expression of CD1d in the Duodenum of Patients with Cow's Milk Hypersensitivity (2000)

CD1 cell surface glycoproteins represent a family of non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded antigen-presenting molecules. All members of the CD1 family appear to mediate the recognition of microbial or endogenous lipid and glycolipid antigens. The recognition of CD1d by a unique subset of natural killer (NK) T cells that leads to rapid production of large amounts of both type 1 and type 2 cytokines can be augmented by some synthetic glycolipids. Because of the proposed role of such CD1d-restricted T cells in immunoregulation, we hypothesized that CD1d molecules participate in mucosal immune responses in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms owing to food hypersensitivity. Patients of that category represent a heterogeneous group in which poorly defined immunological mechanisms are believed to contribute to disease pathogenesis. The expression of CD1 in duodenal biopsy samples from six patients with verified intolerance to cow's milk and six healthy controls was studied by immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections using a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific for CD1a, b, c, and d. Large numbers of CD1d positive cells were found in the lamina propria of all the patients, both during the symptomatic and the asymptomatic periods, whereas healthy controls were virtually devoid of CD1d expression in the duodenum. The localization of CD1d positive cells corresponded to areas where B cells, plasma cells and dendritic cells (DC) were present. A positive correlation was found between the numbers of CD1d(+) and CD19(+) cells in the lamina propria. In contrast to previous reports, no CD1d expression was found on the epithelial cells. Although less numerous than CD1d(+) the CD1c(+) cells were also present in all the patients and in five out of six controls. No staining for CD1a or CD1b was detected in the duodenal biopsy samples from any of the subjects. The exclusive presence of CD1d in the duodenal lamina propria of the patients with cow's milk hypersensitivity might suggest the participation of these molecules in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions to food.
Mycobacterium avium Infections of Acanthamoeba Strains: Host Strain Variability, Grazing-Acquired Infections, and Altered Dynamics of Inactivation with Monochloramine (2010)

Stable Mycobacterium avium infections of several Acanthamoeba strains were characterized by increased infection resistance of recent environmental isolates and reduced infectivity in the presence of other bacteria. Exposure of M. avium in coculture with Acanthamoeba castellanii to monochloramine yielded inactivation kinetics markedly similar to those observed for A. castellanii alone.
Biodegradable Porous Polymers through Emulsion Templating (2009)

Highly porous, emulsion-templated polymers, polyHIPE, that are synthesized within high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) combine a fully interconnected open-pore structure with mechanical integrity and the ability to absorb relatively large amounts of liquid through capillary action. Biodegradable polyHIPE would be of interest for tissue engineering scaffold applications. This paper describes the synthesis of both styrene-based and acrylate-based polyHIPE containing as much as 50 wt % of a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) oligomer. The addition of PCL destabilizes the HIPE, yielding a partial collapse of the porous structure. This collapse yields a decrease in the relative mass of water absorbed, although the volumetric ratio of water absorbed to pore volume increases. The relatively low modulus, acrylate-based polyHIPE with 50% PCL underwent swelling, absorbing more than twice its pore volume. This polyHIPE also underwent extensive degradation, indicating that the PCL degradation promotes the disintegration of the macromolecular structure.
Research data supporting Photodoping through local charge carrier accumulation in alloyed hybrid perovskites for highly efficient luminescence (2019)

The data sets stored here accompany the related research article, showing details of photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, charge carrier dynamics, transistor measurements, and density functional theory calculations.
Dynamic region-of-interest acquisition and face tracking for intelligent surveillance system (2004)

Recently, surveillance systems gain more attraction than simple CCTV systems, especially for complicated security environment. The major purpose of the proposed system is to monitor and track intruders. More specifically, accurate identification of each intruder is more important than simply recording what they are doing. Most existing surveillance systems simply keep recording the fixed viewing area, and some others adopt the tracking technique for wider coverage. Although panning and tilting the camera can extend the viewing area, only a few automatic zoom control techniques for acquiring the optimum ROI has been proposed. This paper describes a system for tracking multiple faces from input video sequences using facial convex hull-based facial segmentation and robust hausdorff distance. The proposed algorithm adapts skin color reference map in the YCbCr color space and hair color reference map in the RGB color space for classifying face region. Then, we obtain an initial face model with preprocessing and convex hull. For tracking, this algorithm computes displacement of the point set between frames using a robust hausdorff distance and the best possible displacement is selected. Finally, the initial face model is updated using the displacement. We provide experimental result to demonstrate the performance of the proposed tracking algorithm, which efficiently tracks rotating, and zooming faces as well as multiple faces in video sequences obtained from at CCD camera.
THE EFFECTS OF COST AND WEIGHT EFFICIENT STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING OF COMPOSITE AUTOMOTIVE BODY STRUCTURES (2015)

An analysis of the effects when dividing a composite structure to improve the cost effeciency of manufacturing. Cost and weight impact is investigated by finite element analysis and a cost model.
Treatment of large granular lymphocyte leukemia with oral low-dose methotrexate (1994)

Morbidity and mortality in patients with T large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia result from infections acquired during severe neutropenia. Optimum treatment for severe neutropenia remains undefined. We conducted an uncontrolled but prospective study of low-dose oral methotrexate, up to 10 mg/m2 weekly, in 10 patients with this disease. Therapeutic response was assessed by serial clinical evaluations and laboratory determinations including complete blood counts, lymphocyte phenotyping, and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies. A partial response was defined as a sustained increase in neutrophil count greater than 500/microL. A complete clinical remission was defined as achievement of a normal complete blood count and CD3+ LGL count. Previous prednisone treatment in eight of these patients had produced one clinical remission and four partial responses; tapering of prednisone in each of these patients resulted in recurrence of severe neutropenia. Five patients in this study received both methotrexate and tapering doses of prednisone. Complete clinical remissions on methotrexate were observed in five patients; an additional patient had a partial response. Molecular analyses of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement could not detect the abnormal clone in three of five patients achieving a complete clinical remission. Two weeks to 4 months of therapy were needed before attaining a neutrophil count greater than 500/microL. Complete and partial responses have been maintained on therapy, with a follow-up period ranging from 1.3 to 9.6 years. Low-dose oral methotrexate therapy is an effective treatment for some patients with LGL leukemia.
“Happy silver anniversary”: Green Chemistry at 25 (2015)

Editorial article celebrating 25 years of the field of Green Chemistry.
Observation of refractive index gradients in a laser-generated plume using laser schlieren imaging (1995)

Understanding the interaction between a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam and the plume generated above the surface of a workpiece during laser welding is important for process modeling and control. We present a laser schlieren method which can be used to observe this interaction by imaging the refractive index gradient within the plume. The laser schlieren technique uses an expanded, collimated probe laser beam to image a phase object onto a filter with a radial gradient in optical density. The probe beam is focused through the filter and onto the image plane of an intensified high-speed camera, so that the temporal variation of the laser/plume interaction may be observed over the duration of the laser pulse. Qualitative measurements of the spatial distribution of refractive index are presented. The velocity of the vaporized metal forming the plume is also measured for a stainless steel weldment.
Editorial Commentary: #Fakeradiographicangle—Critical Shoulder Angle, Like Acromioplasty, May Not Be Critical (2019)

The critical shoulder angle (CSA) is found to have an association with rotator cuff tearing when the angle is greater than 35° to 38°. However, the CSA does not correlate with improved clinical patient outcome scores. Acromioplasty is no longer viewed as a critical part of rotator cuff surgery. Only meaningful comparative studies will allow us to conclude whether performing a lateral acromioplasty for a significant CSA will be an important step to prevent future retears after rotator cuff repair.
[Dysplasia spondylo-epiphysealis congenita: its heterogeneity (author's transl)]. (1980)

A study of epiphyseal cartilage in two children presenting with all the clinical and radiologic features of the dysplasia spondylo-epiphysealis congenita showed abnormalities different from those usually described. In addition to dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum, there were two types of inclusions observed in the chondrocytes, granules and spirilla, which were limited by a smooth membrane. The intercellular matrix consisted of a dense tangle of fine fibers and numerous dense granules. These findings suggest a heterogeneity for this disease.
Gas-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol over Cu-Impregnated HZSM-5 Catalysts (2005)

The utilization of copper-impregnated HZSM-5 (Cu/HZSM-5) zeolites as catalysts for the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of benzene was attempted. The major products were phenol, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The Si/Al ratio in the HZSM-5 support of the Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst influenced both the yield of and the selectivity for phenol, both of which increased with a decrease in the Si/Al atomic ratio of the HZSM-5 support with constant Cu loading. The amount of carbon monoxide uptake of the prereduced Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts decreased with a decrease in the Si/Al atomic ratio of the HZSM-5 support of the Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst. The yield of phenol over the Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst increased, along with both the yield of CO2 and CO, by adding water vapor in the reaction system. The oxygen species adsorbed on the Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst were suggested to be responsible for the formation of phenol, based on the results of the transition response experiment. The amount of the isolated Cu2+ species with square-pyramidal configuration on the Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst estimated from the ESR observation was found to have a correlation with the yield of phenol.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Thietanose (1998)

Syntheses of optically active thietanose, (2R,3R,4R)-4-acetoxymethyl-3-(terr-butyldimethy1silyl)oxy-2-ethoxythietane (6) and (2R,3R,4R)-3-(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl-2-ethoxythietane (23) are described.The key intermediate, (ZS,3S)-4,4-bis(ethoxy)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsily1)oxy-1,2-epithiobutane (7) has been derived from (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diol in 13 steps.Although direct transformation of 7 to thietanose (6) failed, regio and stereospecific ring opening of the episulfide ring in 7 and acid catalyzed cyclization of the resulting 3-mercaptobutanal diethyl acetal(20) was successful in forming of a thietane ring to give 6.The structure of 6 and 23 was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses including NOE experiments.Four membered saturated heterocycles, such as oxetane,' ~hietane,~ and phosphetane,' are interesting not only because of their chemical properties but also their biological activities, in particular, when the hy-
Development of the CLASI as a Tool to Measure Disease Severity and Responsiveness to Therapy in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (2011)

The CLASI can be used to classify patients into groups according to disease severity and to identify clinically significant improvements in disease activity.
Second geometrization: cases study (2014)

The purpose of this article is to give various discussions using 2xTAN 1 technique. This technique gives mathematical methods to study theoret-ically physical problems through network representations. Each example can be seen as an exercise or attempts. Sometimes, things are tested as it could be made on the board, without any preparation. Exercise are given as is without any second lecture. The purpose of this test article is to submit some method and technique to reviewers, to share and increase the knowledge in my research field.
Synthesis and photopolymerization of monomers bearing isopropenylphenoxy groups (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of monomers containing isopropenylphenoxy groups was carried out. On irradiation with UV light in the presence of onium salt photoacid generators, these monomers undergo a chain extension reaction consisting of a dimerization followed by a Friedel‐Crafts ring closure which results in the formation of polymers with indane groups in the backbone. Aryl imide‐containing monomers bearing isopropenylphenoxy groups were also shown to undergo facile photoinduced cationic polymerization. The resulting polymers displayed excellent thermal stability. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Integration of IC technology with MEMS: Silicon+ technology for the future (2007)

As silicon integrated circuits (ICs) continue their development scaling to smaller geometries there are increasing signs that the industry is diversifying into new device types and associated new application areas. The mainstream IC industry which is manufacturing devices such as memories and microprocessors will be following the ITRS roadmap towards smaller and smaller devices. However, in parallel, there will be an increasing activity involving the integration of silicon with other technologies and new materials, and it is clear that MEMS will form an important component of this Silicon+ activity. This paper identifies the options available for integrating MEMS with IC technology and examples will be used to identify the issues associated with their implementation through a number of examples.
Supplementary Data from Asporin Restricts Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Differentiation, Alters the Tumor Microenvironment, and Drives Metastatic Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Comparison of Aspn+/+ and Aspn-/- mice. Figure S2: Representative gating of murine MSCs. Figure S3: ASPN restricts MSC differentiation. Figure S4: ASPN expression in cancer cell lines. Figure S5: ASPN increases cancer cell migration. Figure S6: ASPN expression in B6CaP allografts and organoids.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance of multi-carrier CDMA with MSK modulation and one-bit differential detection in a multi-path fading channel (2002)

A direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) multi-carrier system with minimum-shift-keying (MSK) modulation is proposed. Transmitted data bits are serial to parallel converted into M parallel streams. The bits on each stream are transmitted on S carriers with successively non-overlapping spectra using MSK modulation. Then the modulated streams are spread by a pseudo random (PN) code with a suitable chip rate. The resulting signal will have overlapping spectra. It is shown that the condition of single path fading for each carrier can be achieved by increasing the number of carriers and the separation between successive carriers. Also frequency diversity is achievable for the same bit transmitted on different carriers. The system is analyzed with one-bit differential detector in a static Rayleigh-fading multi-path channel. A simple formula for the probability of error is derived. MSK with one-bit differential detector has the advantage of simpler implementation than BPSK with CMF since the exact frequency and phase of the carrier are not required in the differential detector.
Network layer support for overlay networks (2003)

Overlay networks represent a flexible and deployable approach for applications to obtain new network semantics, but they suffer from some efficiency concerns. To support overlay networks efficiently, two new primitives are proposed for implementation in the network layer. Packet Reflection allows end hosts to request short-circuit packet routing and duplication in nearby routers. Path Painting allows multiple end hosts to determine where their disparate paths to a rendezvous point meet, in order to facilitate overlay topology building. Both primitives are incrementally deployable. Numerous applications of these primitives are considered to demonstrate their utility: application level multicast systems with various semantics, an extended Resilient Overlay Network with greater latency benefits, and a hierarchy of web caches.