gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P305: MACHINE LEARNING DETECTS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RETINA FEATURES AND BLOOD PRESSURE STATUS IN RICE DIET PROGRAM PATIENTS (2022)

The retina provides direct evidence of target-organ damage, and in hypertension, it may reflect vascular disease status in conjunction with clinical measurement of blood pressure (BP). However, outcomes of the examination of the retina varies from one clinician to another due to various reasons. Machine learning methods have been used as a supportive tool in identifying deep retina features objectively and consistently. The Kempner Rice Diet Program, developed in the early 1940s, used a low-salt and low-protein diet intervention (Rice Diet) to treat patients with severe hypertension before effective drug treatment was available. The meticulously documented medical records of the Rice Diet Program patients and their retina photographs provide a rare opportunity to examine the association of BP trajectories and target-organ damage as reflected in the retina. We trained a deep neural network on systolic BP and funduscopic changes from the UK Biobank Project. We achieved an R 2 value of 0.36 on 16,357 validation retina images from the UK Biobank. Our model predicts BP values for specific retinal areas by producing heatmaps of higher or lower hypertensive findings. We then applied the model on 975 retina photographs of 165 patients of the Rice Diet Program. We observed a significant correlation between retina features and systolic BP (Correlation= 0.35, p = 2*10 -29 ), showing that the model generalizes to patients with hypertension and images taken under a variety of conditions between 1944-1971. We suggest that deep-learning-based predictions for retinal analysis could be useful in monitoring treatment progress and recovery from hypertension-induced target-organ damage. This assessment serves as an adjunct to point-of-care BP measurements in the subset of 165 patients. Our findings underscore the potential utility of machine learning in hypertension evaluation and treatment. Further, it may allow us to elucidate individual responses to hypertension treatment beyond BP measurement alone. Findings from this first-step analysis may promote development of more effective BP control strategies.
US / German Project Agreement on Advanced Technologies for Rotorcraft (ATR), Minutes from the 9th Semi-Annual Meeting, 24 September 2019 (2018)

Minutes of the 9th Semi-Annual Meeting of the US-German PA ATR that took place in Munich on September 24, 2019.
Passive Dynamics of a Hybrid Neuromechanical Joint Incorporating Living Muscle (2006)

We have developed a hybrid neuromechanical joint to investigate the nonlinear properties of muscle in a physiologically relevant context. We constructed the hybrid system by connecting a live frog gastrocnemius muscle to a joint which is simulated as an inverted pendulum. We first tested this hybrid system with a spring as the actuator to ensure that the perturbation-response trajectories using living muscle would accurately describe the mechanical properties of the muscle. This hybrid neuromechanical system, with muscle as the actuator, responded to impulse torque perturbations with stable damped oscillations. Joint settling times to perturbations were measured while the joint mass and the initial muscle length were varied. Passive muscle alone stabilized small perturbations. With heavier joint masses and shorter initial muscle lengths the system became increasingly unstable. We found that the hybrid neuromechanical joint is an accurate tool to study the neuromuscular system
Functional Characterization of a L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase From Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT Suggests a Role in Haloacetic Acid Catabolism and a Wide Distribution in Marine Environments (2021)

L-2-halocid dehalogenases (L-2-HADs) have been mainly characterized from terrestrial polluted environments. By contrast, knowledge is still scarce about their role in detoxification of predominant halocarbons in marine environments. Here, phylogenetic analyses showed a wide diversity of homologous L-2-HADs, especially among those belonging to marine bacteria. Previously characterized terrestrial L-2-HADs were part of a monophyletic group (named group A) including proteins of terrestrial and marine origin. Another branch (named group B) contained mostly marine L-2-HADs, with two distinct clades of <i>Bacteroidetes</i> homologs, closely linked to <i>Proteobacteria</i> ones. This study further focused on the characterization of the only L-2-HAD from the flavobacterium <i>Zobellia galactanivorans</i> Dsij<sup>T</sup> (ZgHAD), belonging to one of these Group B clades. The recombinant ZgHAD was shown to dehalogenate bromo- and iodoacetic acids, and gene knockout in <i>Z. galactanivorans</i> revealed a direct role of ZgHAD in tolerance against both haloacetic acids. Analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets confirmed that L-2-HADs from group A were well-represented in terrestrial and marine bacteria, whereas ZgHAD homologs (group B L-2-HADs) were mainly present in marine bacteria, and particularly in host-associated species. Our results suggest that ZgHAD homologs could be key enzymes for marine <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, by conferring selective advantage for the recycling of toxic halogen compounds produced in particular marine habitats, and especially during interactions with macroalgae.
Boundary between acceleration and suppression effects of α‐substituent on polymerization and copolymerization of ethyl α‐(halomethyl)acrylates (1991)

Abstract Radical polymerization and copolymerization behaviour of ethyl α‐(halomethyl)acrylates was examined. Among them the bromomethylacrylate did not yield a homopolymer nor a copolymer because of fast chain transfer to the monomer. The chloromethylacrylate (ECMA) polymerized slower to form a lower molecular weight polymer than the fluoromethylacrylate (EFMA). In the copolymerizations with styrene and methyl methacrylate, ECMA was less reactive than EFMA owing to the steric effect of the slightly larger chloromethyl group. The reactivity of EFMA in the copolymerization was enhanced by the polar and resonance effects of the α‐substituent, prevailing over the steric effect. Characterization of the polymers by NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed the existence of steric congestion caused by the halomethyl groups in both polymers.
Lead and liver cell proliferation. Effect of repeated administrations. (1983)

The effect of repeated treatments with lead on hepatic cell proliferation was investigated in male Wistar rats. The animals were given intravenous injections of lead nitrate once every 10 days for 30 and 80 days. At the end of the experimental regimen, enlargement of the liver, accompanied by an increase in hepatic DNA content, was observed. A significant enhancement in the incorporation of labeled thymidine into hepatic DNA was found in lead-treated rats at the time intervals mentioned above, when compared with controls. An increase in the number of liver cells involved in mitosis was also observed in lead-treated animals. Analysis of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and histologic observations did not show any sign of cell death at the time points examined. These results indicate that liver cells exposed to repeated treatments with lead undergo proliferation. However, a progressive reduction in the capacity of hepatic cells to divide was found in rats given repeated administrations of the metal, when compared with the extent of cell proliferation induced by a single dose of lead nitrate.
Enabling CCS via Low-temperature Geothermal Energy Integration for Fossil-fired Power Generation (2017)

Here, among the key barriers to commercial scale deployment is the cost associated with CO<sub>2</sub> capture. This is particularly true for existing large, fossil-fired assets that account for a large fraction of the electricity generation fleet in developed nations, including the U.S. Fitting conventional combustion technologies with CO<sub>2</sub> capture systems can carry an energy penalty of thirty percent or more, resulting in an increased price of power to the grid, as well as an overall decrease in net plant output. Taken together with the positive growth in demand for electricity, this implies a need for accelerated capital build-out in the power generation markets to accommodate both demand growth and decreased output at retrofitted plants. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study to assess the potential to use geothermal energy to provide boiler feedwater preheating, capturing efficiency improvements designed to offset the losses associated with CO<sub>2</sub> capture. Based on NETL benchmark cases and subsequent analysis of the application using site-specific data from the North Valmy power plant, several cases for CO<sub>2</sub> capture were evaluated. These included geothermally assisted MEA capture, CO2BOLs capture, and stand-alone hybrid power generation, compared with a baseline, no-geothermal case. Based on Case 10, and assuming 2.7 MMlb/h of geothermally sourced 150 ºC water, the parasitic power load associated with MEA capture could be offset by roughly seven percent, resulting in a small (~1 percent) overall loss to net power generation, but at levelized costs of electricity similar to the no-geothermal CCS case. For the CO<sub>2</sub>BOLs case, the availability of 150°C geothermal fluid could allow the facility to not only offset the net power decrease associated with CO<sub>2</sub>BOLs capture alone, but could increase nameplate capacity by two percent. The geothermally coupled CO<sub>2</sub>BOLs case also decreases LCOE by 0.75 ¢/kWh relative to the non-hybrid CO<sub>2</sub>BOLs case, with the improved performance over the MEA case driven by the lower regeneration temperature and associated duty for CO<sub>2</sub>BOLs relative to MEA.
Association of usual walking with mortality in oldest old adults aged 85 years and older: a nationwide senior cohort study (2022)

Abstract Background Current guidelines recommend moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) for health benefit in adults. However, it is difficult to meet the recommended minimum MVPA in “oldest old” aged over 85. Although walking is simple and easy exercise for oldest old, research on the association between walking and mortality in oldest old are lacking. Purpose To investigate the association between walking and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among older adults aged 85 years and older. Methods 7047 participants aged 85 or older underwent the Korean National Health Screening Program, including self-administered questionnaire for physical activity. Reported frequency per week of walking for at least 30 minutes increment was used to classify hours of walking per week. We computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for walking and mutually adjusted for MVPA in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results The proportions of participants who engaged in walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity were 42.5% (2996/7047), 14.7% (1037/7047) and 11.0% (773/7047), respectively. Only 7.6% (538/7047) of participants met the guidelines recommended minimum MVPA. Compared to inactive individuals, those who walked at least 1 hour per week had lower all-cause (HR 0.60 [95% CI, 0.50–0.74]) and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42–0.89]). Walking 1 hour per week was still significant associated with reduction of risk for all-cause (HR 0.50 [95% CI, 0.40–0.61]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.46 [95% CI, 0.30–0.70]) among participants who reported only walking without any MVPA. Conclusions 1 hour a week of walking might be of benefit for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in aged over 85 years, even without MVPA. Promoting walking may be a way to help oldest old avoid inactivity and encourage an active lifestyle for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Removing Radium by Adding Preformed Hydrous Manganese Oxides (1990)

Batch and pilot‐scale studies demonstrated that the addition of preformed hydrous manganese oxides (HMOs) appears to be a feasible approach to removing radium from drinking water. Major advantages of this process include use of existing treatment facilities and simplicity of operation. Furthermore, no irreversible effects are expected if the HMOs are under‐ or overdosed, other than possible inadequate radium removal or shortened filter runs.
New Stratigraphic Correlation Techniques (1980)

Cross-association is a standard correlation technique. It is valid for theoretically complete stratigraphie sequences, but not for stratigraphie sequences as they commonly occur. A major problem is its inability to include correlations across gaps caused by local nondeposition or eroded strata. The methods proposed in this paper do include correlations across gaps and allow for completely general measurements of strata similarity. In addition, they are extended to include correlation of a fragmentary sequence with a longer complete sequence and to include correlations of more than two sequences. Using these techniques, most problems can be handled by hand calculation.
Driven Equilibrium Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. A New Method for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDriven Equilibrium Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. A New Method for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal EnhancementEdwin D. Becker, James A. Feretti, and Thomas C. FarrarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 27, 7784–7785Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja50001a068RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (305 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Gold Nanolabels for New Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay of Alpha‐Fetoprotein Based on Magnetic Beads (2009)

Gold'n'beads: A chemiluminescence immunoassay for the sensitive and rapid determination of AFP has been developed, employing bromophenol blue as a novel chemiluminescence enhancer by taking advantages of easy separation by magnetic beads and signal amplification by gold nanoparticles based on a sandwich-type immunoreaction (see scheme).A novel and sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) has been developed by employing a new chemiluminescence (CL) enhancer, bromophenol blue (BPB), for the determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) based on magnetic beads (MBs) and colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with HRP-labeled anti-AFP antibodies. BPB, as a chemical indicator, was found to act as a novel and highly signal enhancer of the peroxidase-catalyzed CL reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide. After optimizing the CL reaction conditions, this new luminol-H(2)O(2)-HRP-BPB CL system was applied to a sandwich-type CLIA based on the magnetic separation and the amplification feature of AuNPs as HRP labels. A linear range was obtained when the concentrations of AFP were from 0.1 to 5.0 ng mL(-1) (R=0.9997) with the detection limit of 0.01 ng mL(-1) (3sigma), which is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained without using AuNPs, and much lower than that typically achieved by ELISA. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of AFP in human serum samples. The results indicated that this proposed protocol could be quite promising for the application in immunoassays.
Aeromechanics Analysis of a Boundary Layer Ingesting Fan (2012)

Boundary layer ingesting propulsion systems have the potential to significantly reduce fuel burn but these systems must overcome the challe nges related to aeromechanics-fan flutter stability and forced response dynamic stresses. High-fidelity computational analysis of the fan a eromechanics is integral to the ongoing effort to design a boundary layer ingesting inlet and fan for fabrication and wind-tunnel test. A t hree-dimensional, time-accurate, Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is used to study aerothermodynamic and a eromechanical behavior of the fan in response to both clean and distorted inflows. The computational aeromechanics analyses performed in th is study show an intermediate design iteration of the fan to be flutter-free at the design conditions analyzed with both clean and distorte d in-flows. Dynamic stresses from forced response have been calculated for the design rotational speed. Additional work is ongoing to expan d the analyses to off-design conditions, and for on-resonance conditions.
Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco. (1988)

Hemoglobin adducts of 15 aromatic amines were determined in nonsmokers and smokers of blond- or black-tobacco cigarettes living in Turin, Italy. The subjects were all males age 55 or less and were representative of the population previously examined in a case/control study of bladder cancer. 4-Aminobiphenyl adduct levels were found to be significantly different in the three groups, and the differences were approximately proportional to the relative risk of each group. Adjustment for age and cigarette consumption did not materially influence the differences. A significant correlation of adduct levels with cigarette consumption was also observed for all smokers as well as for smokers of blond tobacco. Other amines for which significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers were observed were 3-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, o- and p-toluidine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2-ethylaniline. Some of these amines are human bladder carcinogens, and their occurrence in blood as hemoglobin adducts is evidence for their metabolic activation. Thus, by a combination of traditional epidemiological methods and modern chemical analyses, we have provided evidence for a biochemical basis for the often observed association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer.
Labormedizin im Zeitalter von „big data“ (2016)

So wie die Gesundheitssysteme der Industriestaaten insgesamt steht die Labormedizin vor gewaltigen Herausforderungen. Letztlich entstammen die fulminanten Fortschritte der Lebenswissenschaften der letzten 10 Jahre zu einem erheblichen Teil biochemischer und molekulargenetischer Forschung. Die Entwicklung unvorstellbar schneller Techniken für die Sequenzierung von Nukleinsäuren hat uns die molekularen Ursachen vieler Erkrankungen erkennen lassen und gewissermaßen im Nebenschluss auch neue therapeutische Zielstrukturen mit hohem klinischem Potenzial und neue diagnostische Ansätze geliefert. Dies ist auch Folge zielgerichteter, translationaler Forschung und Entwicklung, wie sie von Fördereinrichtungen in Deutschland, Europa und weltweit nachgefragt und zu Recht mit beträchtlichen Summen auch aus öffentlichen Mitteln unterstützt wird. Diese Investitionen sind von der Erwartung getragen, Forschungsergebnisse möglichst schnell in der Praxis anzuwenden.
A high-capacitance PZT-on-Ta2O5 memory cell with a chemically stable electrode suitable for sub-micron processing (1992)

A high-capacitance Pb (Zrx, Ti1-x)O3 (PZT)-on-Ta2O5 memory cell suitable for sub-micron processing is proposed, and an experimental capacitor of PZT (Zr/Ti= 52/48)-on-Ta2O5 with Ta electrode was prepared. The X-ray diffraction and XMA analysis of the sample showed that PZT reacted with neither Ta nor Ta2O5. The capacitor with 500 nm PZT thickness shows current density of 10-8 A/cm2 at 4MV/cm, the breakdown field of 8MV/cm, and the effective dielectric constant of 40.
Lecture Video Enhancement and Editing by Integrating Posture, Gesture, and Text (2007)

This paper describes a novel framework for automatic lecture video editing by gesture, posture, and video text recognition. In content analysis, the trajectory of hand movement is tracked and the intentional gestures are automatically extracted for recognition. In addition, head pose is estimated through overcoming the difficulties due to the complex lighting conditions in classrooms. The aim of recognition is to characterize the flow of lecturing with a series of regional focuses depicted by human postures and gestures. The regions of interest (ROIs) in videos are semantically structured with text recognition and the aid of external documents. By tracing the flow of lecturing, a finite state machine (FSM) which incorporates the gestures, postures, ROIs, general editing rules and constraints, is proposed to edit videos with novel views. The FSM is designed to generate appropriate simulated camera motion and cutting effects that suit the pace of a presenter's gestures and postures. To remedy the undesirable visual effects due to poor lighting conditions, we also propose approaches to automatically enhance the visibility and readability of slides and whiteboard images in the edited videos
Developmental Regulation of Neurotransmitter Phenotype through Tetrahydrobiopterin (2002)

During development, sympathetic neurons innervating rodent sweat glands undergo a target-induced change in neurotransmitter phenotype from noradrenergic to cholinergic. Although the sweat gland innervation in the adult mouse is cholinergic and catecholamines are absent, these neurons continue to express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. The developmental suppression of noradrenergic function in these mouse sympathetic neurons is not well understood. We investigated whether the downregulation of the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) or the TH cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) could account for the loss of catecholamines in these neurons. AADC levels did not decrease during development, and adult cholinergic sympathetic neurons were strongly immunoreactive for AADC. In contrast, BH4 levels dropped significantly in murine sweat gland-containing footpads during the time period when the gland innervation was switching from making norepinephrine to acetylcholine. Immunoreactivity for the rate-limiting BH4 synthetic enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH) became undetectable in the sweat gland neurons during this phenotypic conversion, suggesting that sweat glands reduce BH4 levels by suppressing GCH expression during development. Furthermore, extracts from sweat gland-containing footpads suppressed BH4 in cultured mouse sympathetic neurons, and addition of the BH4 precursor sepiapterin rescued catecholamine production in neurons treated with footpad extracts. Together, these results suggest that the mouse sweat gland-derived cholinergic differentiation factor functionally suppresses the noradrenergic phenotype during development by inhibiting production of the TH cofactor, BH4. These data also indicate that GCH expression, which is often coordinately regulated with TH expression, can be controlled independently of TH during development.