gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Pure Isomers of Iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reconsidérer le rôle de la lignée germinale dans la différenciation et la fonction de l’ovaire (2011)

The production of fertilizable ova is the consequence of multiple events that start as soon as ovarian development and culminate at the time of ovulation. Throughout their development, germ cells are associated with companion somatic cells, which ensure germ cell survival, growth and maturation. Data obtained in vitro and in vivo on several animal models of germ cell depletion have led to uncover the many roles of germ cells on both ovarian development and folliculogenesis. During ovarian development, germ cells become progressively enclosed within epithelial structures called "ovigerous cords" constituted by pregranulosa cells, lined by a basement membrane. At the end of ovarian development, ovigerous cords fragment into primordial follicles, which are epithelial units constituted by an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells. Germ cells are necessary for the fragmentation of ovigerous cords into follicles, since in their absence, no follicle will form. Germ cells also ensure the differentiation of the ovarian somatic lineage, and they may inhibit the testis-differentiating pathway by preventing the conversion of pregranulosa cells into Sertoli cells, their counterpart in the testis. Regularly, primordial follicles are recruited into the growing follicle pool and initiate their growth. They develop through primary, preantral, antral and preovulatory stages before being ovulated. Interestingly, the action of the oocyte on companion somatic cells tightly depends on the follicular stage. In primordial follicles, the oocyte prevents the transdifferentiation of granulosa cells into cells resembling Sertoli cells. By contrast, as soon as the follicle enters growth, the oocyte regulates the functional differentiation of granulosa cells and at the latest stages, it prevents their premature maturation into luteal cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that the female germ cell act on companion somatic cells to regulate ovarian development and folliculogenesis, thereby actively supporting its own maturation.
Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling (2021)

Laboratory techniques to predict foaling include the measurement of calcium carbonate, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), and pH in mammary secretions and potentially progesterone in the peripheral blood of the mare. These chapter discuses the processes involved in testing of mammary gland by pH indicator strip and pH meter. Mammary fluid pH can be used in conjunction with clinical signs and other laboratory tests to predict foaling. A pH value of 6.4 has been suggested as a standard value for assessment of impending parturition in mares. Measurement of pH with a meter is more accurate than estimation with pH paper. The type of pH paper may be critical as some cannot detect a small change in pH. It is recommended that pH paper that detects pH in a range of 5.5–8.0 in increments of 0.2 be used to evaluate mare mammary fluid.
In Situ Coal Gasification at the Hoe Creek, Wyoming Field Site –An Overview1 (1979)

Abstract The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) is currently involved in the study of in situ coal gasification for the Department of Energy. This is a high risk but potentially promising technology that may see commercial development by the late 1980’s. A principal coal source is the group of several thick, deeply buried western sub-bituminous coals of the Powder River Basin that currently cannot be mined economically. The gases produced by this process can be directly consumed in industrial boilers, upgraded to synthetic natural gas (SNG), or used as chemical feed stocks in lieu of petroleum. In this paper, the concept of in situ coal gasification is briefly reviewed for those who may not be familiar with it. This is followed by a discussion of the Hoe Creek site geology and hydrology, and the results of Experiments I and II. Preparations are now underway for Experiment III which will be burned almost entirely with steam and oxygen, and should provide urgently needed data on process economics. Lastly, results from experiments designed to assess two major environmental concerns, cavity-induced subsidence and ground-water pollution, are presented.
Proximal femoral geometry and hip fractures. (2006)

There is increasing evidence that proximal femoral geometry has an important role in the aetiology of hip fractures. We performed a simple radiological study to investigate the relationship between proximal femoral geometry and intracapsular and extracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. Measurements of proximal femoral geometry were made on pelvic radiographs on the contralateral hip of 50 consecutive patients with intracapsular and 50 with extracapsular fractures. The groups were matched for age and sex with a mean age of 79 and a female :male ratio of 4 :1. There were no statistical differences in head diameter, neck width or Head Trochanter Length between the two groups of fractures. Hip Axis Length, neck length and the neck length :width ratio were significantly greater in the intracapsular group, suggesting an aetiological link. This may have implications for future screening and prevention of proximal hip fractures, particularly intracapsular fractures.
Development of self-reactive germinal center B cells and plasma cells in autoimmune FcγRIIB-deficient mice (2010)

Abnormalities in expression levels of the IgG inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) are associated with the development of immunoglobulin (Ig) G serum autoantibodies and systemic autoimmunity in mice and humans. We used Ig gene cloning from single isolated B cells to examine the checkpoints that regulate development of autoreactive germinal center (GC) B cells and plasma cells in FcγRIIB-deficient mice. We found that loss of FcγRIIB was associated with an increase in poly- and autoreactive IgG(+) GC B cells, including hallmark anti-nuclear antibody-expressing cells that possess characteristic Ig gene features and cells producing kidney-reactive autoantibodies. In the absence of FcγRIIB, autoreactive B cells actively participated in GC reactions and somatic mutations contributed to the generation of highly autoreactive IgG antibodies. In contrast, the frequency of autoreactive IgG(+) B cells was much lower in spleen and bone marrow plasma cells, suggesting the existence of an FcγRIIB-independent checkpoint for autoreactivity between the GC and the plasma cell compartment.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of ATi[Nb6Cl18] Compounds (A = K, Rb, Cs, In, Tl) (2000)

Abstract New quaternary niobium cluster chlorides corresponding to the general formula ATi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] (A = K, Rb, Cs, In, Tl) have been synthesized in sealed quartz tubes at 720 °C, starting from stoichiometric amounts of NbCl 5 , niobium metal, TiCl 3 , and ACl (A = K, Rb, Cs), or In or Tl metals. The structures of RbTi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] and CsTi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] were determined using single­ crystal X-ray diffraction. RbTi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] crystallizes in the rhombohedral crystal system, space group R3̄ (no. 148), Z = 3, with lattice parameters: a = 9.163(4), c = 25.014(14) Å (hexagonal setting). The structure refinement converged to R 1 = 0.044 and wR 2 = 0.058 for all data. In this structure, discrete [Nb 6 Cl 18 ] 4- cluster units are linked by Rb + and Ti 3+ cations, located in a 12-coordinated anticubeoctahedral and octahedral chloride coordination environment, respectively. In contrast, CsTi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system, space group P3̄1c (no. 163), Z = 2. The lattice parameters were determined to be a = 9.1075(6), c = 17.0017(8) Å. The structure refinement gives the reliability factors R 1 = 0.029 and wR 2 = 0.063 for all data. The structure is built up of discrete octahedral [Nb 6 Cl 18 ] 4- cluster units, linked by Cs + and Ti 3+ cations which are located in a distorted hexagonal antiprismatic and octahedral chloride coordination environment, respectively. The structures of the compounds ATi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ] (A = K, In, Tl) were found to be isotypic with RbTi[Nb 6 Cl 18 ], and their unit cell parameters were refined using X-ray powder diffraction analysis.
A Systematic Study on the Self-Assembly Behaviour of Multi Component Fmoc-Amino Acid-Poly(oxazoline) Systems (2012)

We report a systematic study of a modular approach to create multi-component supramolecular nanostructures that can be tailored to be both enzyme and temperature responsive. Using a straightforward synthetic approach we functionalised a thermal responsive polymer, poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline), with fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-amino acids that drive the self-assembly. Depending on the properties of appended amino acids, these polymers undergo substantial morphological changes in response to the catalytic action of alkaline phosphatase.
Data from Enhancer Coamplification and Hijacking Promote Oncogene Expression in Liposarcoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in adults with two major subtypes, well differentiated and dedifferentiated. Both subtypes are characterized with the pathognomonic giant ring or marker chromosomes that harbor high copy numbers of known oncogenes. Here, we reported a comprehensive molecular characterization of both tumor and normal tissues from the same patients with LPS, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), transcriptome, enhancer landscape, and genome-wide three-dimensional (3D) genome structure by Hi-C. Tumor-specific transcripts and regulatory elements were identified, and enhancer coamplification and hijacking events were discovered as novel mechanisms upregulating oncogenes such as &lt;i&gt;MDM2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CDK4&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;HMGA2&lt;/i&gt;. Combining Hi-C, optical mapping, nanopore long reads, and WGS data partially resolved complex structural variations and reconstructed the local genome and the giant chromosome. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive resource for LPS research and offers insights into how altered enhancers and the 3D genome contribute to gene dysregulation in cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Comprehensive profiling of the enhancer landscape and 3D genome structure in liposarcoma identifies extensive enhancer-oncogene coamplification and enhancer hijacking events, deepening the understanding of how oncogenes are regulated in cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Induction of a B-cell-dependent chronic arthritis with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (2005)

Antibodies specific for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) from T-cell receptor transgenic K/BxN mice are known to induce arthritis in mice, and immunization of DBA/1 mice with G6PI led to acute arthritis without permanent deformation of their joints. Because rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease, we set out to identify the capacity of G6PI to induce chronic arthritis in mice. Immunization with recombinant human G6PI induced a chronically active arthritis in mice with a C3H genomic background, whereas the DBA/1 background allowed only acute arthritis and the C57BL/10 background permitted no or very mild arthritis. The disease was associated with the major histocompatibility region sharing an allelic association similar to that of collagen-induced arthritis (i.e. q > p > r). All strains developed a strong antibody response to G6PI that correlated only in the C3H.NB strain with arthritis severity. Similarly, a weak response to type II collagen in a few mice was observed, which was associated with arthritis in C3H.NB mice. Mice on the C3H background also developed ankylosing spondylitis in the vertebrae of the tail. Both C3H.Q and B10.Q mice deficient for B cells were resistant to arthritis. We conclude that G6PI has the ability to induce a chronic arthritis, which is MHC associated and B-cell dependent. Thus, there are striking similarities between this and the collagen-induced arthritis model.
Biochemical detection of temephos resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) from dengue-endemic areas of Selangor State, Malaysia. (2009)

A aegypti larvae, from 6 consecutive ovitrap surveillances in two dengue-endemic areas, Taman Samudera and Kg Banjar, Selangor, were evaluated for susceptibility to an operational dosage of temephos (1 mg/L). Resistance levels were also detected by biochemical testing. Larval bioassays were conducted according to modified WHO standard methods. Biochemical enzyme assays of Ae. aegypti were conducted to detect the emergence of insecticide resistance and to define the mechanisms involved in temephos resistance. Four enzymes, ie non-specific esterases, mixed function oxidases, glutathione-S-transferases, and insensitive acetylcholinesterases, were studied. The range of 50% mortality lethal times (LT50) for all strains of Ae. aegypti tested against temephos was 36.07-75.69 minutes, with resistance ratios ranging between 0.85-1.79. Esterases played a major role in the Ae. aegypti resistance mechanism to temephos, while mixed function oxidases, glutathione-S-transferases, and insensitive acetylcholinesterases, were not involved. However, high-mixedfunction oxidase and glutathione-S-transferase levels indicated that Ae. aegypti might also develop resistance to other groups of insecticides. Resistance studies showed weekly variations in resistance against temephos and variations in enzyme levels in Ae. aegypti, indicating that the insecticide resistance of field populations of Ae. aegypti was heterogeneous. This study suggested that regular and continuous monitoring of resistance should be conducted in all dengue-endemic sites in Malaysia, to confirm the continued efficacy of insecticides, and to help choose the most effective insecticides for dengue control.
Infection of dogs with equine influenza virus: evidence for transmission from horses during the Australian outbreak (2011)

During the equine influenza (EI) outbreak, respiratory disease was observed in dogs that were in close proximity to infected horses. Investigations were undertaken to exclude influenza virus infection. Of the 23 dogs that were seropositive in tests using the influenza A/Sydney/2007 virus as the test antigen, 10 showed clinical signs. EI virus appeared to be readily transmitted to dogs that were held in close proximity to infected horses, but there was no evidence of lateral transmission of the virus to other dogs that did not have contact with or were not held in close proximity to horses.
Construction of Self-Replicating Subgenomic West Nile Virus Replicons for Screening Antiviral Compounds (2013)

Mosquito-borne flavivirus RNA genomes encode one long open reading frame flanking 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (5'- and 3'-UTRs) which contain cis-acting RNA elements playing important roles for viral RNA translation and replication. The viral RNA encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed into three structural proteins and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins. The regions coding for the seven NS proteins are sufficient for replication of the RNA. The sequences encoding the structural genes can be deleted except for two short regions. The first one encompasses 32 amino acid (aa) residues from the N-terminal coding sequence of capsid (C) and the second, 27 aa region from the C-terminus of envelope (E) protein. The deleted region can be substituted with a gene coding for a readily quantifiable reporter to give rise to a subgenomic reporter replicon. Replicons containing a variety of reporter genes and marker genes for construction of stable mammalian cell lines are valuable reagents for studying the effects of mutations in translation and/or replication in isolation from processes like the entry and assembly of the virus particles. Here we describe the construction of two West Nile virus (WNV) replicons by overlap extension PCR and standard recombinant DNA techniques. One has a Renilla luciferase (Rluc) reporter gene followed by an internal ribosome entry site (element) for cap-independent translation of the open reading frame encompassing the carboxy-terminal sequence of E to NS5. The second replicon has in tandem the Rluc gene, foot and mouth disease virus 2A, and neomycin phosphotransferase gene that allows establishment of a stable mammalian cell line expressing the Rluc reporter in the presence of the neomycin analog, G418. The stable replicon-expressing Vero cell line has been used for cell-based screening and determination of EC50 values for antiviral compounds that inhibited WNV replication.
A Noise Reduction Method for Dual-Mass Micro-Electromechanical Gyroscopes Based on Sample Entropy Empirical Mode Decomposition and Time-Frequency Peak Filtering (2016)

The different noise components in a dual-mass micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope structure is analyzed in this paper, including mechanical-thermal noise (MTN), electronic-thermal noise (ETN), flicker noise (FN) and Coriolis signal in-phase noise (IPN). The structure equivalent electronic model is established, and an improved white Gaussian noise reduction method for dual-mass MEMS gyroscopes is proposed which is based on sample entropy empirical mode decomposition (SEEMD) and time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF). There is a contradiction in TFPS, i.e., selecting a short window length may lead to good preservation of signal amplitude but bad random noise reduction, whereas selecting a long window length may lead to serious attenuation of the signal amplitude but effective random noise reduction. In order to achieve a good tradeoff between valid signal amplitude preservation and random noise reduction, SEEMD is adopted to improve TFPF. Firstly, the original signal is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by EMD, and the SE of each IMF is calculated in order to classify the numerous IMFs into three different components; then short window TFPF is employed for low frequency component of IMFs, and long window TFPF is employed for high frequency component of IMFs, and the noise component of IMFs is wiped off directly; at last the final signal is obtained after reconstruction. Rotation experimental and temperature experimental are carried out to verify the proposed SEEMD-TFPF algorithm, the verification and comparison results show that the de-noising performance of SEEMD-TFPF is better than that achievable with the traditional wavelet, Kalman filter and fixed window length TFPF methods.
EFFICACY OF SUSTAINED TOPICAL DORZOLAMIDE THERAPY FOR CYSTIC MACULAR LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS (2010)

Patients with XLRS have the potential to experience a beneficial effect from sustained treatment with dorzolamide, 2%.
Graft healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2008)

Graft healing within the bone tunnel after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still a complex, poorly understood biological process that is influenced by multiple surgical and postoperative variables. However, remarkable advances in knowledge of this process have been made based primarly on animal models. According to the findings of this review, some surgical and postoperative variables are known to directly affect time-course and quality of graft-tunnel healing. The type of graft, graft motion, and fixation methods have shown to directly affect time-course and quality of graft-tunnel healing. Therefore, the application of early and aggressive rehabilitation protocols should be cautious when using soft-tissue graft, allografts, and direct or aperture type of fixation for ACL reconstruction. With regard to graft placement, several cadaveric models showed biomechanical advantages of a more anatomical graft location; however, there are no studies that explore the relationship between graft placement and healing process. The precise effect of graft tensioning, graft/tunnel diameter disparity, and graft length within the bone tunnel in the graft healing process remains unclear and requires more research. To enhance graft-tunnel healing, tissue-engineering approaches, including the use of growth factors, mesenchymal stem cells, and periosteum graft augmentation, have been tested on animal models. These have shown promising results in terms of enhancement of bone-graft healing rate.
A Block Diagram Approach to Stochastic Calculus with Application to Multiplicative Uncertainty Analysis (2018)

We consider the continuous-time setting of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems in feedback with multiplicative stochastic uncertainties. The objective of the paper is to characterize the conditions of Mean-Square Stability (MSS) using a purely input-output approach, i.e. without having to resort to state space realizations. This has the advantage of encompassing a wider range of models (such as infinite dimensional systems and systems with delays). This approach leads to uncovering new tools such as stochastic block diagrams that have an intimate connection with the more general stochastic integral equations (SIE), rather than stochastic differential equations (SDE). Various stochastic interpretations are considered, such as Ito̅ and Stratonovich, and block diagram conversion schemes between different interpretations are devised. The MSS conditions are given in terms of the spectral radius of a matrix operator that takes different forms when different stochastic interpretations are considered.
Synthesis of cis- and trans-5,8-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinone. (2001)

Cis- and trans-5,8-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinone (1a, 1b) were for the first time synthesized from 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (naphthazazine) (6) as a starting material and racemic triol (3) was first synthesized from 7. The configuration of 1a was determined by X-ray analysis.
Construction and application for QTL analysis of a Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD) linkage map in barley (2011)

We demonstrate how sequenced RAD markers can be leveraged to produce high quality linkage maps for detection of single gene loci and QTLs. By combining SNP discovery and genotyping into parallel sequencing events, RAD markers should be a useful molecular breeding tool for a range of crop species. Expected improvements in cost and throughput of second and third-generation sequencing technologies will enable more powerful applications of the sequenced RAD marker system, including improvements in de novo genome assembly, development of ultra-high density genetic maps and association mapping.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Silyl‐Substituted Cyclobutenones and Silylketenes. (2011)

Abstract Various substituted cyclobutenones are prepared by a novel addition/substitution approach on dimethyl squarate (I) using silyl anions.
CSE education: An introduction to scientific programming (1998)

The University of Utah's Department of Computer Science has offered an introductory course on scientific programming, called Engineering Computing, since 1994. Each year, approximately 300 first- and second-year science and engineering majors take the course. They learn how to use a variety of programming techniques to solve the kinds of computational science problems they will encounter in their academic and professional careers.