gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Catalytic Decarboxylative Allylations of α‐Amino Acids and Their Divergent Mechanisms (2015)

The room temperature radical decarboxylative allylation of N-protected α-amino acids and esters has been accomplished via a combination of palladium and photoredox catalysis to provide homoallylic amines. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the stability of the α-amino radical, which is formed by decarboxylation, dictates the predominant reaction pathway between competing mechanisms.
Kalman filter-based multi-object tracking algorithm by collaborative multi-feature (2017)

The main challenges of multi-object tracking are the heavy occlusion between targets and targets, in/out the field of surveillance and the data association between objects and candidate objects, etc. In this paper, we proposed a multi-object tracking algorithm by collaborative multi-feature based on Kalman filter, first, in the detection program, we extract pedestrians in every frame, and we adopt non-maximum suppression to filter the results; then, in the object tracking and data association program, we distribute a Kalman filter for every target, we construct a collaborative model: color feature-based appearance model, texture feature-based appearance model and a spatial distance information model, for data association; finally, we formulate a likelihood function to choose best match for the target and the candidate. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well while the targets are occluded, in/out the surveillance field and data association.
O3–03–06: The natural history of the dynamics of beta‐amyloid deposition, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (2013)

We used longitudinal data to calculate the rates of beta-amyloid deposition, cerebral atrophy and cognitive decline in healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. Two hundred participants (145 HC; 36 MCI; and 19 AD) were evaluated at enrolment and every 18 months for a mean follow up of 3.8 (CI 3.6–3.9) years. On each visit, participants underwent neuropsychological examination, MRI and a PiB-PET scan. Beta-amyloid burden was expressed as PiB standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using the cerebellar cortex as reference region. A SUVR of 1.5 was used to discriminate high from low Aβ burdens. Rates of change for beta-amyloid deposition, MRI volumetrics and cognition were derived from the slope of the regression plots over three to five years and used in the analysis. Those participants with a positive rate of beta-amyloid deposition were used to calculate the trajectory of each parameter over time. At baseline significantly higher Aβ burdens were observed in AD (2.3±0.4) and MCI (1.9±0.6) compared to HC (1.4±0.4). At follow up 163 (82%) of the 200 participants showed positive rates of beta-amyloid accumulation. Estimates of Aβ deposition over time show it takes 19 (CI 17–23) years in an almost linear fashion - with increases averaging 0.043 (CI 0.037–0.049) SUVR/yr-, to go from the threshold of PiB positivity (1.5 SUVR) to the levels observed in AD. Conversely, it takes 12 (CI 10–15 years) years to go from the levels observed in HC with low beta-amyloid (1.2±0.1 SUVR) to the threshold of PiB positivity. As AD progresses, the rate of beta-amyloid deposition slows, leaning towards a plateau. Our projections suggest a prolonged preclinical phase of AD where beta-amyloid deposition, hippocampal atrophy, and memory impairment become sequentially abnormal at 17 (CI 15–20), 4 (CI 4–5), and 3 (CI 3–5) years respectively, before the onset of dementia.
First-Photon Imaging (2013)

Imagers that use their own illumination can capture three-dimensional (3D) structure and reflectivity information. With photon-counting detectors, images can be acquired at extremely low photon fluxes. To suppress the Poisson noise inherent in low-flux operation, such imagers typically require hundreds of detected photons per pixel for accurate range and reflectivity determination. We introduce a low-flux imaging technique, called first-photon imaging, which is a computational imager that exploits spatial correlations found in real-world scenes and the physics of low-flux measurements. Our technique recovers 3D structure and reflectivity from the first detected photon at each pixel. We demonstrate simultaneous acquisition of sub-pulse duration range and 4-bit reflectivity information in the presence of high background noise. First-photon imaging may be of considerable value to both microscopy and remote sensing.
Identification of Steam Breakthrough Intervals Using DTS Technology (2002)

Abstract With the development of several novel methods for installing optical fibers in oil and gas wells for the purpose of "Distributed Temperature Sensing" (DTS), the search is on for gaining the considerable value offered from this remarkable technology. An Extremely cost effective and accurate method of determining steam breakthrough in producing wells has been developed which takes advantage of the power of DTS technology.
Novel two-component gels with multi-stimuli response: the gel–sol phase transition and color changes (2018)

A smart two-component gelator system was prepared by a combination of <sc>d</sc>-gluconic acetal derivatives and terpyridyl moieties.
Individualizing Warfarin Therapy (2007)

Warfarin is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic events. The correct maintenance dose of warfarin for a given patient is difficult to predict, the drug carries a high risk of toxicity, and variability among patients means that the safe dose range differs widely between individuals. Recent pharmacogenetic studies indicate that the routine incorporation of genetic testing into warfarin therapy protocols could substantially ease both the financial and health risks currently associated with this treatment. In particular, the variability in warfarin dose requirement is now recognized to be due, in large part, to polymorphisms in two genes: cytochrome P450 2C9 and the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1. The development of algorithms that integrate all of the relevant genetic and physical factors into comprehensive, individualized predictive models for warfarin dose could be used to translate the results of pharmacogenetic testing into actionable clinical application.
Evaluation of tissue disposition, myelopoietic, and immunologic responses in mice after long‐term exposure to nickel sulfate in the drinking water (1988)

Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to graded doses of nickel sulfate to determine a threshold response for myelotoxicity and immunotoxicity, and to identify which of the populations of lymphoreticular cells were most sensitive to the toxic effects of nickel. Animals were given free access to the chemical in the drinking water at 0, 1, 5, or 10 g/l for 180 d. Water consumption, blood and tissue nickel concentrations, body and organ weights, histopathology, immune responses, bone marrow cellularity and proliferation, and cellular enzyme activities were evaluated. There was no mortality. Mice in the 5‐g/l and 10‐g/l dose groups drank less water than controls; the responses measured in the 10‐g/l group may have been due to a combination of dehydration and chemical toxicity. Decreases in body and organ weights were confined to mice in the 10‐g/l dose group, except for the dose‐related reductions in thymus weights. Blood nickel was measured at 4, 8, 16, and 23 wk of exposure. The mean blood nickel values showed increases between 4 and 8 wk that were proportional to time and dose; thereafter there was no substantial increase in blood nickel in any of the dose groups, except for an increase in the mean blood concentration in the 10‐g/l group at 23 wk. The kidney was the major organ of nickel accumulation. The primary toxic effects of nickel sulfate were expressed in the myeloid system. There were dose‐related decreases in bone marrow cellularity, and in granulocyte‐ma‐crophage and pluripotent stem‐cell proliferative responses. In unfractionated bone marrow cells glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity from the hexose monophosphate shunt was more sensitive to nickel sulfate than were representative glycolytic or Krebs cycle enzymes, with 25–35% maximum inhibition at 5 g/l and 10 g/l. Aliquots of bone marrow cells were separated into enriched bands of lymphocytes, granulocyte‐macrophages, and erythrocytes; enzyme inhibition that occurred in unfractionated bone marrow cell aliquots was only expressed after cell separation in the enriched granulocyte‐macrophage cell population, suggesting that these committed stem cells were a primary target of nickel sulfate toxicity. There was one example of systemic immunotoxicity, reduction in the lymphoproliferative response to lipopoly‐saccharide, and it was regarded as secondary to the primary effect of nickel sulfate on the myeloid system, since this was the only significant change among a panel of seven immune parameters that were evaluated.
Formation and structure of granulated microbial aggregates used in aerobic wastewater treatment (2005)

Granular microbial aggregates are used in aerobic treatment of wastewater. The granules have diverse microbial community and complex spatial structure. The structural elements are radial sub-aggregates, concentric layers, channels, pores, polysaccharide plugs, and an anaerobic core of lysed cells. Aerobic bacteria, consisting of 69–84% of microbial biomass, were concentrated in a layer to the depth of 550 μm from the surface of the granule. Facultative anaerobic bacteria, consisting of 9–13% of microbial biomass, dominated in a layer at a depth from 550 μm to 850 μm from the surface of the granule. Obligate anaerobic bacteria, consisting of 2% of microbial biomass, dominated in a layer on the depth from 850 μm to 1,000 μm from the surface of the granule. A core of dead and lysed cells was at a depth greater than 1,000 μm from the surface of the granule. The depth of the anaerobic layer correlated with the appearance of polysaccharide plugs in the pores. Enrichment cultures of microorganisms with high cell surface hydrophobicity or self-aggregation ability can be used to facilitate the formation of microbial granules.
Bulk IgG glycosylation predicts COVID-19 severity and vaccine antibody response (2022)

Although vaccination efforts have expanded, there are still gaps in our understanding surrounding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Measuring IgG Fc glycosylation provides insight into an infected individual's inflammatory state, among other functions. We set out to interrogate bulk IgG glycosylation changes from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, using plasma from mild or hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and from vaccinated individuals. Inflammatory glycans are elevated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and increase over time, while mild patients have anti-inflammatory glycans that increase over time, including increased sialic acid correlating with RBD antibody levels. Vaccinated individuals with low RBD antibody levels and low neutralization have the same IgG glycan traits as hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In addition, a small vaccinated cohort reveals a decrease in inflammatory glycans associated with peak IgG concentrations and neutralization. This report characterizes the bulk IgG glycome associated with COVID-19 severity and vaccine responsiveness and can help guide future studies into SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity.
Thermal Image Enhancement using Generative Adversarial Network for Pedestrian Detection (2021)

Infrared imaging has recently played an important role in a wide range of applications including video surveillance, robotics and night vision. However, infrared cameras often suffer from some limitations, essentially about low-contrast and blurred details. These problems contribute to the loss of observation of target objects in infrared images, which could limit the feasibility of different infrared imaging applications. In this paper, we mainly focus on the problem of pedestrian detection on thermal images. Particularly, we emphasis the need for enhancing the visual quality of images before performing the detection step. To address that, we propose a novel thermal enhancement architecture called TE-GAN based on Generative Adversarial Network, and composed of two modules contrast enhancement and denoising with a post-processing step for edge restoration in order to improve the overall image quality. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is assessed by means of visual quality metrics and better results are obtained compared to the original thermal images and to the obtained results by other existing enhancement methods. These results have been conducted on a subset of KAIST dataset that we make available to encourage research in this direction <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> https://github.com/AmineMarnissi/TE-GAN, Using the same dataset, the impact of the proposed enhancement architecture has been demonstrated on the detection results by obtaining better performance with a significant margin using YOLOv3 detector.
Regulatory Effects ofSiegesbeckia glabrescenson Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion (2014)

Siegesbeckia glabrescens (SG) Makino (Compositae) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we examined the effects and molecular mechanism of the ethanol extract of SG on cell proliferation and invasion in p53 wild-type A549 and p53-deficient H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. SG treatment markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion in both cell lines, independently of p53 expression. The anti-proliferative effect of SG on A549 cells was mediated by the inactivation of Akt and p70(S6K) as evidenced by treatment with LY294002 and rapamycin, respectively. In addition, anti-invasive activity of SG in A549 cells was found to be associated with the inhibition of p70(S6K). In contrast, in H1299 cells the inactivation of p38(MAPK) appeared to be involved in SG-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Collectively, these findings suggest that SG modulates cellular fates such as proliferation and invasion by differential regulation of signaling pathways, depending on the status of p53 expression in NSCLC, and support the development of SG as a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of NSCLC.
Long term clinical and angiographic outcomes with the Wingspan stent for treatment of symptomatic 50–99% intracranial atherosclerosis: single center experience in 51 cases (2009)

The use of the Wingspan stent in patients with ≥50% symptomatic intracranial stenosis is associated with good long term clinical outcome. One stroke occurred after the first 30 days, suggesting a significant stabilization of the adverse event rate after the first month.
Intracellular and Cell Surface Localization of a Complex between αMβ2 Integrin and Promatrix Metalloproteinase-9 Progelatinase in Neutrophils (2004)

We have recently demonstrated that promatrix metalloproteinases (proMMPs), particularly proMMP-9, are potent ligands of the leukocyte beta(2) integrins. We studied here the complex formation between proMMP-9 and alpha(M)beta(2), the major MMP and integrin of neutrophils. On resting neutrophils, the proMMP-9/alpha(M)beta(2) complex was primarily detected in intracellular granules, but after cellular activation it became localized to the cell surface, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and double immunofluorescence. Further indication of the complex formation was that neutrophils and alpha(M)beta(2)-transfected L cells, but not the wild-type L cells or leukocyte adhesion deficiency cells, bound to immobilized proMMP-9 or its recombinant catalytic domain in a beta(2) integrin-dependent manner. Peptides that bound to the alpha(M) integrin-I domain and inhibited its complex formation with proMMP-9 prevented neutrophil migration in a transendothelial assay in vitro and in a thioglycolate-elicited peritonitis in vivo. These results suggest that the translocating proMMP-9/alpha(M)beta(2) complex may be part of the cell surface machinery guiding neutrophil migration.
Atlas of Bacteriomorphs in Carbonaceous Chondrites (2003)

During the past few years, there has appeared much new and interesting data concerning the distribution of bacteriomorphic structures in both meteorites (carbonaceous chondrites) and in earth rocks of different ages (Archean to Recent). The bacterial forms studied are of very diverse morphologies and they are represented by cocci, filaments, rod-shaped forms, etc. The biomorphic forms that are encountered in earth rocks are practically indistinguishable from the biomorphic forms that are found in meteorites. Therefore, it has become necessary to compare and correlate bacteriomorphic structures from earth rocks and from meteorites. In order to better understand this problem, we have initiated efforts to compile an Atlas of bacteriomorphic images.
Аналіз методик дослідження середовищетвірної активності птахів (2006)

Проаналізовано методики, використання яких доцільне при дослідженні колоніальних поселень птахів. На прикладі сірої чаплі описано методики вивчення просторової структури популяції та її впливу на біогеоценоз. Запропоновано методики, оптимальні для проведення комплексних зооекологічних досліджень.
High quality erbium doped tellurite glass films using ultrafast laser deposition (2009)

Ultrafast laser ablation has been used successfully to grow glass thin films from bulk glass targets. The laser frequency, laser energy, process gas pressure, substrate temperature, substrate distance and substrate temperature where optimized to obtain highly transparent glass films of Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped tellurite glass. An empirical approach was followed to optimize the deposition parameters for the film fabrication. The ultrafast laser ablation procedure developed in the present work to fabricate oxide glass films would certainly overcome many deficiencies of the existing methods in producing high optical quality required photonic applications.
Purification and biochemical characterization of a basic superantigen (SPEX/SMEZ3) from Streptococcus pyogenes (2000)

A potent basic superantigen (designated streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin X, SPEX/SMEZ3) was purified to homogeneity from culture supernatants of a Streptococcus pyogenes scarlatina strain of type 12 (genotype speA−, speC−) and characterized. Sequence alignments revealed SPEX to be an allele of the streptococcal mitogens type Z (SMEZ). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of SPEX was found with LEVDNNSLLR to be identical to the recently described acidic superantigen SMEZ. Although SPEX/SMEZ genes were present in all of the streptococcal strains tested, a toxin production could only be detected in a small number of strains. The produced toxin concentration in the culture supernatants of positive strains differed between 0 and 20 ng ml−1. The purified SPEX stimulated human T-lymphocytes with Vβ8 specificity at extremely low concentrations (lower than 100 pg ml−1).
Sequencing Libraries and Basic Procedure for Sequencing Library Construction (2015)

A sequencing library is the library prepared to be put on the sequencer for sequencing. As such, sequencing library construction is essential for sequencing. Since sequencing of an unknown target DNA molecules has to start from a known and welldefined region, and every NGS sequencer manufacturer uses unique sequencing primers for its own machines, ligation of target DNA molecules to a pair of adaptors is not only essential but also sequencer-dependent, for the making of a sequencing library. This chapter carries a mission to clarify various types of sequencing libraries and the general procedure for their constructions.
Practical TEMPO‐Mediated Oxidation of Alcohols using Different Polymer‐Bound Co‐Oxidants (2005)

Abstract Hypochlorite and chlorite exchange resins are evaluated as co‐oxidants or oxidants, respectively, for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids. Polymer‐bound hypochlorite can act as a co‐oxidant in TEMPO‐mediated oxidations of alcohols. The formation of aldehydes only works under weakly acidic conditions. However, the cheap hypochlorite exchange resin is less efficient as co‐oxidant compared to the use of ionically immobilised bisacetoxybromate(I) anions. In contrast, the chlorite exchange resin is a highly potent co‐oxidant for the preparation of carboxylic acids from the corresponding primary alcohols in the presence of TEMPO. It is demonstrated that in this case also the resin acts as a polymer‐bound co‐oxidant for both oxidation steps. Yields are commonly excellent as is also demonstrated for examples taken from natural product synthesis which include acid labile glycosides. In most cases, work‐up of this heavy metal‐free oxidation is kept to a minimum. It often includes filtration followed by removal of the solvent.
The Systemic Immune Network in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Central Role of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIATOR Trial) (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00974740.
Theoretical design of guided wave structure for electrooptical modulation at 10.6 µm (1972)

Two guided-wave structures for electrooptical modulation at 10.6-μm wavelength are proposed in this paper. They are structures that could be fabricated realistically by present technology. Theoretical design data on these two structures concerning their propagation wave numbers, attenuation rate, phase modulation rate, and dispersion characteristics are given so that an optimum design could be conceived before fabrication. In the two examples given, phase modulation rates of 3.75-9.3 mrad/V/cm can be achieved in these structures.
Irreversible Lithium Neurotoxicity (1997)

Lithium is widely used, and most of its side effects are well established and recognized. Persistent neurologic sequelae or dysfunctions are not common, but they are serious side effects. They usually persist after acute toxicity following accidental or suicidal overdose or during maintenance therapy, when toxicity is more insidious. The irreversible neurologic sequelae are generally cerebellar signs, especially ataxia and dysarthria. Risk factors are sometimes present and recognizable, but more often they are not well identified. Persistent neurologic handicaps greatly reduce the quality of life and are difficult to manage. Lithium toxicity can be avoided by conservative prescribing, care in combining drug therapies, and, above all, educating the patient and caregivers to recognize early signs of the condition. A review of the literature is presented, together with vignettes of a further seven cases.