gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of a preribosomal RNA processing site by a nucleolar endoribonuclease involves formation of a stable complex (1993)

A nucleolar endoribonuclease from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, that has been implicated in the endonucleolytic cleavage of mouse precursor ribosomal RNA, specifically and stably binds an in vitro-derived rRNA transcript containing the +650 early processing site. The specificity of binding was demonstrated by mobility shift analysis, glycerol gradient velocity sedimentation analysis, and UV-crosslinking studies. Binding did not require Mg2+ and therefore was not dependent on cleavage; however, binding was dependent on the presence of the early +650 processing site since a pre-rRNA transcript with the +650 processing site deleted failed to compete in binding. A small nucleolar RNA component was not required for the formation of this stable complex or for the specific cleavage of a processing competent pre-rRNA transcript. UV crosslinking studies using 32P-labeled 5-azidouridine-substituted pre-rRNA with bound nucleolar endoribonuclease identified three closely sized polypeptides of approximately 50, approximately 48, and approximately 45 kDa, respectively, that specifically crosslinked to the processing competent rRNA transcript. These three polypeptides species were identified following ribonuclease digestion and electrophoresis on a SDS-polyacrylamide gel. An identical pattern of labeled polypeptides was also identified from gel mobility shift analysis where the specifically shifted material was U.V. crosslinked. The largest of these polypeptides corresponded to the estimated size of the nucleolar endoribonuclease, while the lower molecular weight species may represent partially proteolyzed enzyme. Overall, these results suggest that the unique specificity of the nucleolar endoribonuclease may, in part, be attributed to the formation of a stable complex at the +650 processing site for mouse preribosomal RNA, and that formation of this unique stable complex affords a means to specifically label the limited amount of available partially purified enzyme for sequence analysis.
Antifouling and antimicrobial biomaterials: an overview (2017)

The use of implantable medical devices is a common and indispensable part of medical care for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, as side effect, the implant of medical devices quite often leads to the occurrence of difficult-to-treat infections, as a consequence of the colonization of their abiotic surfaces by biofilm-growing microorganisms increasingly resistant to antimicrobial therapies. A promising strategy to combat device-related infections is based on anti-infective biomaterials that either repel microbes, so they cannot attach to the device surfaces, or kill them in the surrounding areas. In general, such biomaterials are characterized by antifouling coatings, exhibiting low adhesion or even repellent properties towards microorganisms, or antimicrobial coatings, able to kill microbes approaching the surface. In this light, the present overview will address the development in the last two decades of antifouling and antimicrobial biomaterials designed to potentially limit the initial stages of microbial adhesion, as well as the microbial growth and biofilm formation on medical device surfaces.
Gain and noise ripple reduction in broadband Raman amplifiers using HNLF spectral broadening (2010)

The effects of using spectrally broadened pumps on the gain and noise ripple in broadband Raman amplifiers are investigated. Pump spectral broadening, achieved by initiating modulation instability in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) using a continuous-wave input is shown to reduce the number of pumps required in addition to improving the flatness of the gain and noise profile. Optimal broadening of a pump spectrum in the E-and S-bands is achieved as a result of optimisation of the second order disperion and nonlinear coefficients of the HNLF. For a specific example of a 51-channel, C-band wavelength-division-multiplexed network employing a 50-km transmission fiber span, it is shown using simulation that spectrally broadened pumps improve the gain and noise ripple by 2 dB and 0.2 dB respectively. It is also shown that the number of pumps can be reduced by half when such a pumping scheme is used.
The Rate and Topography of Cell Wall Synthesis during the Division Cycle of Escherichia coli Using N-Acetylglucosamine as a Peptidoglycan Label (1988)

The rates of synthesis of peptidoglycan and protein during the division cycle of Escherichia coli were measured by the membrane elution technique using cells differentially labelled with N-acetylglucosamine and leucine. During the first part of the division cycle the ratio of the rates of protein and peptidoglycan synthesis was constant. The rate of peptidoglycan synthesis, relative to the rate of protein synthesis, increased during the latter part of the division cycle. These results support a simple, bipartite model of cell surface increase in rod-shaped cells. Prior to the start of constriction the cell surface increases only by lateral wall extension. After cell constriction starts, the cell surface increases by both lateral wall and pole growth. The increase in surface area is partitioned between the lateral wall and the pole so that the volume of the cell increases exponentially. No variation in cell density occurs, because the increase in surface allows a continuous exponential increase in cell volume that accommodates the exponential increase in cell mass. The results are consistent with the constant density of the growing cell and the surface stress model for the regulation of cell surface synthesis. In addition, the elution pattern suggests that the membrane elution method does work by having the cells effectively bound to the membrane by their poles.
Modified Viterbi decoders for joint data detection and timing recovery of convolutionally encoded PPM and OPPM optical signals (1997)

Two novel Viterbi decoders, known as joint Viterbi decoder (JVD) and enhanced Viterbi decoder (EVD), for synchronization and data detection are introduced and analyzed for convolutionally-encoded (CE) optical pulse-position modulation (PPM) and overlapping PPM (OPPM) channels. For the JVD algorithm, a count metric is employed to perform the Viterbi decoding in the absence of synchronization. For the EVD algorithm, a memory array is utilized to reduce the computation time of the JVD algorithm. With the aid of a previously proposed upper-bound and taking advantage of the minimal asymptotic normalized timing error (MANTE) concept, approximate performance measures for the EVD and JVD receivers are obtained.
Vasodilator Therapy of Cardiac Failure (1977)

THE symptoms of cardiac failure are related to some combination of circulatory congestion (often referred to as "backward failure") and low cardiac output ("forward failure"). In simple pump-function terms these symptoms indicate that the heart is performing on a depressed Frank-Starling curve relating stroke volume (or cardiac output or stroke work) to ventricular diastolic filling (pressure or volume) (Fig. 1).Therapy for cardiac failure has traditionally involved the administration of an inotropic drug to increase the contractile force of the heart and the administration of a diuretic to increase the renal excretion of salt and water. Effective inotropic therapy with . . .
A Low-Cost Force Sensor for Electromechanical Actuation Systems (2007)

In this paper, a new method to interface with a piezoelectric sensor for quasi-static force measurement is proposed. Using the so-called digital charge amplifier (DCA), the output signal from the sensor is sampled and integrated using digital techniques that include a drift compensation algorithm. The algorithm continually monitors the sensor output and estimates bias errors that will cause the output to drift. Analytical and simulation results are used to show that the DCA yields a sensor response that is free of drift and has a better low frequency response compared to drift-free analog techniques. Hardware results are used to validate the practicality of the approach.
Two Pneumatic Chambers Charging Characteristics with a Branch Pipe (2015)

This paper considers the issue of the simultaneous charging of multiple pneumatic actuator chambers using branch pipes. A branch pipe shows complex properties even in steady state flows. Therefore, before carrying out calculations on an unsteady flow, its static characteristics had to be known by experiment. In this paper, experiments and simulations are carried out for the pressure charging process using a basic model of branch pipe system composed of two pneumatic chambers and one branch pipe. Simulation algorithm was made based on the staggered lattices for space discretisation and the upwind differences for time discretisation. The relative differences between the simulated and the experimented pressures in the chambers are less than five percent, which is observed only in a short time just after the start of the charging.
Graphene‐Based Composite with γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticle for the High‐Performance Removal of Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds from Water (2013)

Graphene is a 2D sp(2)-hybridized carbon sheet and an ideal material for the adsorption-based separation of organic pollutants. However, such potential applications of graphene are largely limited, owing to their poor solubility and extensive aggregation properties through graphene-graphene interactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of graphene-based composites with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle for the high-performance removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) from water. The γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles partially inhibit these graphene-graphene interactions and offer water dispersibility of the composite without compromising much of the high surface area of graphene. In their dispersed form, the graphene component offers the efficient adsorption of EDC, whilst the magnetic iron-oxide component offers easier magnetic separation of adsorbed EDC.
Problème de l'efficacité du tir à l'école d'artillerie de Metz. Aspects théoriques et expérimentaux (1996)

Cet article decrit la facon dont etait etudiee et enseignee aux futurs officiers, au milieu du 19 eme siecle, la question de la precision des tirs au canon et de la dipsersion des points d'impact autour de la cible. Notamment, il oppose la doctrine de l'Ecole d'Artillerie de Metz (armee de terrea, basee sur une theorie probabiliste, a celle de l'Ecole d'Artillerie Navale de Lorient, purement empirique.
Optimum on-time duty cycle for a transversal ultrasound machine (2018)

With micropulse transversal US, 6 ms of on time was as efficient as longer on times. To maximize phacoemulsification efficiency and minimize chatter events, an on time of 6 ms is recommended.
Metal-oxide RRAM with rGO as oxygen exchange layer (2023)

In this work, a novel interface engineering method is proposed to address the relatively large cycle-to-cycle variability of the emerging metal-oxide resistive random access memory (RRAM) device technology. This is achieved by synthesizing the solution-processable graphitic nanosheet (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) with defects of a controllable amount and further integrating it into RRAM as an oxygen exchange layer (OEL). It is demonstrated that rGO-inserted RRAM exhibits reduced cycle-to-cycle variability in the SET switching as compared with one that has a conventional transition metal thin film as OEL. This is best attributed to the fact that our rGO thin film provides nearly the same amount of oxidation-prone atomic sites for each programming cycle. This study is expected to greatly advance the RRAM-based neuromorphic computing by paving a practically viable route to enhance the accuracy of the deep learning model.
LXX.—New species of African Megalopidæ (Col., Phytophaga) (1930)

(1930). LXX.—New species of African Megalopidae (Col., Phytophaga) Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 6, No. 36, pp. 623-638.
Concerning the reactivities of the C-1, C-2 and C-6 hydroxy groups of myo-inositol (1999)

Regioselectivities in the reactions of the three contiguous free hydroxy groups at C-6, C-1, and C-2 of 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-myo-inositol have been examined. Stannylene activation permits selective alkylation and esterification at C-1; however, acyl migration back and forth between C-1 and C-2 leads to unpredictable ratios of the isolated regioisomers. With the stable C1-alkylated products, further alkylation is regioslective for the axial C-2–OH, whereas acylation is regioselective for the equatorial C-6–OH. In most cases the ‘other’ regioisomer is not observed, the by-products being those of dialkylation or diacylation.
Investigation of pixellated TlBr detectors using digital signal processing techniques (2008)

Pixellated TlBr detectors are studied for room temperature gamma-ray spectrometers. 4-mm thick TlBr detectors pixellated Au anodes were made by RMD Inc.. Each detector has a planar cathode and four anode pixels surrounded by a guard ring. The pixel pitch is 1 mm. Digital pulse waveforms of preamplifier outputs were recorded using a multi-channel GaGe PCI board. Digital CR-RC shaping filters were used, with 6μs shaping time for the anode pixel and 10μs shaping time for the cathode. After depth correction using cathode-to-anode signal ratio technique, an energy resolution of 2.4% FWHM at 662 keV was obtained at room temperatures from single pixel, when the cathode was biased to −600V. Current TlBr detectors suffer from polarization, which causes performance degradation over time when high voltage is applied. The polarization effect is observed after four hours of operation. This effect can be partially mitigated by reversing the polarity of high voltage bias applied to the detector.
Long-term energy deficiency in mice induces bone alterations reversed by long-term recovery (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
CDC Tetris green field pea (2012)

Warkentin, T. D., Vandenberg, A., Tar'an, B., Banniza, S., Bett, K. E., Barlow, B., Ife, S., Horner, J., de Silva, D., Thompson, M., Parada, M., Wagenhoffer, S. and Prado, T. 2012. CDC Tetris green field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 217–219. CDC Tetris, a green cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was released in 2010 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in Saskatchewan and Alberta through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Tetris has good lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance, medium-sized seeds with blocky shape, good cotyledon bleaching resistance and good yielding ability. CDC Tetris is adapted to the field pea growing regions of western Canada.
Electronic state dependence of heterogeneous electron transfer: injection from the S1 and S2 state of phlorin into TiO2 (2015)

Ultrafast time-resolved measurements were performed on a novel pentafluorophenyl substituted 5,5-dimethyl phlorin derivative in solution and when attached to TiO2 colloidal films. The complex excited state dynamics of this porphyrinoid after S1 and S2 excitation was compared at different wavelengths and can be assigned to several subsequent relaxation mechanisms. The difference between excited state dynamics in the free molecule and when attached to an electron accepting electrode was measured. For both cases the dynamics was compared after excitation to the S1 and the S2 state. For the free molecule in solution an intermediate relaxation step was identified and assigned to a buckling motion of the tetrapyrrole ring. On the electrode, heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) times from both states were very similar and around 50 fs. Surprisingly, the large difference in the density of acceptor states that are resonant with the respective donor level of the molecule does not significantly influence HET dynamics. This result indicates that HET proceeds into intermediate transition states that are different from steady state surface states obtained from experiments or computations. The density of states (DOS) of these transient acceptor states appears not to be directly related to the corresponding surface or bulk DOS.
Modeling and analysis of package PDN for computing system based on cavity model (2017)

Recent computing systems consume more than several hundred watts of power and a robust PDN design is critical to minimize power/ground (P/G) voltage fluctuation and get stable performance. In most cases, the IC package (PKG) PDN determines mid-frequency P/G noise characteristics. The PDN of our target IC package consists of more than ten thousands staggered microvias and tens of layers, representing a significant modeling challenge. Commercial tools can estimate the PKG PDN impedance via full-wave simulations, but it has several limitations at pre-layout stage. Whole simulation should be run for every small geometry changes and it takes much time. It can give circuit model seen at port, but does not provide physics-based circuit models corresponding to whole current path. In this paper we apply the cavity model, which has been previously largely used for PCB modeling, to a complex organic package structure. We here describe the assumptions used to get an equivalent circuit model for this type of geometry and the comparison of its loop inductances with commercial tools. The cavity model gives about 10 % error compared to commercial tool and the reason of error is analyzed. In addition, a study of the PKG decoupling capacitors location is performed with the goal of a minimal loop inductance. In the final paragraph, several unique features of the PKG PDN compared to PCB PDN modeling are described.
Functional properties and modulation of extracellular epitope - tagged CaV2.1 voltage-gated calcium channels (2008)

Depolarisation-induced Ca2+ influx into electrically excitable cells is determined by the density of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at the cell surface. Surface expression is modulated by physiological stimuli as well as by drugs and can be altered under pathological conditions. Extracellular epitope-tagging of channel subunits allows to quantify their surface expression and to distinguish surface channels from those in intracellular compartments. Here we report the first systematic characterisation of extracellularly epitope-tagged Ca(V)2.1 channels. We identified a permissive region in the pore-loop of repeat IV within the Ca(V)2.1 alpha(1) subunit, which allowed integration of several different tags (hemagluttinine [HA], double HA; 6-histidine tag [His], 9-His, bungarotoxin-binding site) without compromising alpha(1) subunit protein expression (in transfected tsA-201 cells) and function (after expression in X. laevis oocytes). Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the double-HA tagged construct (1722-HAGHA) was targeted to presynaptic sites in transfected cultured hippocampal neurons as expected for Ca(V)2.1 channels. We also demonstrate that introduction of tags into this permissive position creates artificial sites for channel modulation. This was demonstrated by partial inhibition of 1722-HA channel currents with anti-HA antibodies and the concentration-dependent stimulation or partial inhibition by Ni-nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) and novel bulkier derivatives (Ni-trisNTA, Ni-tetrakisNTA, Ni-nitro-o-phenyl-bisNTA, Ni-nitro-p-phenyl-bisNTA). Therefore our data also provide evidence for the concept that artificial modulatory sites for small ligands can be introduced into voltage-gated Ca2+ channel for their selective modulation.
Glycosylation in immune cell trafficking (2009)

Leukocyte recruitment encompasses cell adhesion and activation steps that enable circulating leukocytes to roll, arrest, and firmly adhere on the endothelial surface before they extravasate into distinct tissue locations. This complex sequence of events relies on adhesive interactions between surface structures on leukocytes and endothelial cells and also on signals generated during the cell-cell contacts. Cell surface glycans play a crucial role in leukocyte recruitment. Several glycosyltransferases such as alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases, alpha2,3 sialyltransferases, core 2 N-acetylglucosaminlytransferases, beta1,4 galactosyltransferases, and polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases have been implicated in the generation of functional selectin ligands that mediate leukocyte rolling via binding to selectins. Recent evidence also suggests a role of alpha2,3 sialylated carbohydrate determinants in triggering chemokine-mediated leukocyte arrest and influencing beta1 integrin function. The recent discovery of galectin- and siglec-dependent processes further emphasizes the significant role of glycans for the successful recruitment of leukocytes into tissues. Advancing the knowledge on glycan function into appropriate pathology models is likely to suggest interesting new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases.
Pharmacological differentiation of opioid receptor antagonists by molecular and functional imaging of target occupancy and food reward-related brain activation in humans (2011)

Opioid neurotransmission has a key role in mediating reward-related behaviours. Opioid receptor (OR) antagonists, such as naltrexone (NTX), can attenuate the behaviour-reinforcing effects of primary (food) and secondary rewards. GSK1521498 is a novel OR ligand, which behaves as an inverse agonist at the μ-OR sub-type. In a sample of healthy volunteers, we used [(11)C]-carfentanil positron emission tomography to measure the OR occupancy and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure activation of brain reward centres by palatable food stimuli before and after single oral doses of GSK1521498 (range, 0.4-100 mg) or NTX (range, 2-50 mg). GSK1521498 had high affinity for human brain ORs (GSK1521498 effective concentration 50 = 7.10 ng ml(-1)) and there was a direct relationship between receptor occupancy (RO) and plasma concentrations of GSK1521498. However, for both NTX and its principal active metabolite in humans, 6-β-NTX, this relationship was indirect. GSK1521498, but not NTX, significantly attenuated the fMRI activation of the amygdala by a palatable food stimulus. We thus have shown how the pharmacological properties of OR antagonists can be characterised directly in humans by a novel integration of molecular and functional neuroimaging techniques. GSK1521498 was differentiated from NTX in terms of its pharmacokinetics, target affinity, plasma concentration-RO relationships and pharmacodynamic effects on food reward processing in the brain. Pharmacological differentiation of these molecules suggests that they may have different therapeutic profiles for treatment of overeating and other disorders of compulsive consumption.