gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Efficient Early Warning: Pathobiology of African Swine Fever Virus “Belgium 2018/1” in Domestic Pigs of Different Age Classes (2021)

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important and devastating viral diseases in wild boar and domestic pigs worldwide. In the absence of vaccines or treatment options, early clinical detection is crucial and requires a sound knowledge of disease characteristics. To provide practitioners and state veterinarians with detailed information, the objective of the present study was to characterize the ASF virus (ASFV) isolate "Belgium 2018/1" in subadult and weaning domestic pigs. To this end, two animal trials were performed. Trial A included eight subadult domestic pigs and trial B five weaner pigs. In general, clinical signs and pathological lesions were in line with previous studies utilizing highly virulent ASF genotype II viruses. However, in trial A, four subadult domestic pigs survived and recovered, pointing to an age-dependent outcome. The long-term fate of these survivors remains under discussion and would need further investigation.
R4, a non-LTR retrotransponson specific to the large subunit rRNA genes of nematodes (1995)

A 4.7 kb sequence-specific insertion in the 26S ribosomal RNA gene of Ascaris lumbricoides, named R4, is shown to be a non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposable element. The R4 element inserts at a site in the large subunit rRNA gene which is midway between two other sequence-specific non-LTR retrotransposable elements, R1 and R2, found in most insect species. Based on the structure of its open reading frame and the sequence of its reverse transcriptase domain, R4 elements do not appear to be a family of R1 or R2 elements that have changed their insertion site. R4 is most similar in structure and in sequence to the element Dong, which is not specialized for insertion into rRNA units. Thus R4 represents a separate non-LTR retrotransposable element that has become specialized for insertion in the rRNA genes of its host. Using oligonucleotide primers directed to a conserved region of the reverse transcriptase encoding domain, insertions in the R4 site were also amplified from Parascaris equorum and Haemonchus contortus. Why several non-LTR retrotransposable elements have become specialized for insertion into a short (87 bp) region of the large subunit rRNA gene is discussed.
Bioreducible Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing Multiplexed Cancer Stem Cell Regulating miRNAs Inhibit Glioblastoma Growth and Prolong Survival (2018)

Despite our growing molecular-level understanding of glioblastoma (GBM), treatment modalities remain limited. Recent developments in the mechanisms of cell fate regulation and nanomedicine provide new avenues by which to treat and manage brain tumors via the delivery of molecular therapeutics. Here, we have developed bioreducible poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles that demonstrate high intracellular delivery efficacy, low cytotoxicity, escape from endosomes, and promotion of cytosol-targeted environmentally triggered cargo release for miRNA delivery to tumor-propagating human cancer stem cells. In this report, we combined this nanobiotechnology with newly discovered cancer stem cell inhibiting miRNAs to develop self-assembled miRNA-containing polymeric nanoparticles (nano-miRs) to treat gliomas. We show that these nano-miRs effectively intracellularly deliver single and combination miRNA mimics that inhibit the stem cell phenotype of human GBM cells in vitro. Following direct intratumoral infusion, these nano-miRs were found to distribute through the tumors, inhibit the growth of established orthotopic human GBM xenografts, and cooperatively enhance the response to standard-of-care γ radiation. Co-delivery of two miRNAs, miR-148a and miR-296-5p, within the bioreducible nano-miR particles enabled long-term survival from GBM in mice.
Simple Method for the Preparation of Esters from Grignard Reagents and Alkyl 1‐Imidazolecarboxylates. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supplementary Data from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Setting bait to track data thieves (2009)

Seven computers hum through the Rhineland night at the University of Mannheim's Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems. All they do is collect bad news and nasty infections from the open Internet.
A Compact Low-Power High-Isp Thruster for Microsatellites (2008)

Busek Co. Inc. completed delivery of flight-qualified colloid thrusters for NASA’s ST7 mission in May 2008. This effort has led to development of variants of the technology suitable for small satellite applications. Colloid thrusters operate by electrostatically accelerating charged droplets of an electrically conductive ionic liquid, and are capable of providing a high degree of throttling and variable Isp. Life tests of the ST7 thrusters have demonstrated over 3000 hours of continuous operation with no deterioration in performance. A further benefit is that the colloid thrusters do not present high pressure and fire safety hazards common to many other propulsion systems- the propellant is nonreactive and is typically stored at less than 20psig. The thrusters presented have a target maximum thrust of 1 milliNewton with 0.1-1.0 milliNewton throttling. They are designed to operate in the Isp range of 400-1000s, consume a maximum of 15W (including power supply losses), and be self-contained in a 10cm x 10cm x 20cm package requiring only power and thrust command inputs. The package contains sufficient propellant for 500 hours operation at maximum thrust, yielding total impulse of 1800 seconds capable of imparting almost 200 m/s delta V to a 10kg satellite.
Navigation-Guided Transmodiolar Approach for Auditory Nerve Implantation via the Middle Ear in Humans (2015)

The aim of this study was to assess the surgical feasibility of a transmodiolar approach via the middle ear cavity for an auditory nerve implantation in humans. In the first part of the study, 6 adult human temporal bones underwent a navigator-guided transmodiolar implantation via the middle ear space after a radical mastoidectomy. In the second part, 122 temporal bone CT scans were analyzed for anatomical parameters relevant to this approach. The nerve implantation was feasible in all temporal bones in laboratory conditions, with a mean target registration error of 0.065 ± 0.0583 mm (n = 6). Evaluation of anatomical parameters on CT scans also supported the feasibility. There was a significant interindividual variation of the modiolar axis and the entry point in relation to visible anatomical landmarks, highlighting the necessity for surgical preplanning.
Stable, Self‐Assembling, Equilibrating Catalysts for Green Chemistry (2004)

Increased stability of oxidation catalysts results from the self-assembly of the catalysts under near-turnover conditions from oxidatively resistant precursors. The described polyoxometalate epoxidation catalyst uses a green oxidant (H2O2), solvent, and separation conditions and is fast, selective, and safe. This self-assembling system is an important step towards truly green catalysis (see scheme).
Athermalization of resonant optical devices via thermo-mechanical feedback (2023)

A passively athermal photonic system including a photonic circuit having a substrate and an optical cavity defined on the substrate, and passive temperature-responsive provisions for inducing strain in the optical cavity of the photonic circuit to compensate for a thermo-optic effect resulting from a temperature change in the optical cavity of the photonic circuit. Also disclosed is a method of passively compensating for a temperature dependent thermo-optic effect resulting on an optical cavity of a photonic circuit including the step of passively inducing strain in the optical cavity as a function of a temperature change of the optical cavity thereby producing an elasto-optic effect in the optical cavity to compensate for the thermo-optic effect resulting on an optical cavity due to the temperature change.
Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Printed Titanium Truss Cage With Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis for Salvage of Persistent Distal Tibia Nonunion (2015)

Level V: Expert Opinion.
Disturbance Voltage Induced on the Intelligent Electronic Device Ports due to Switching Operations in Gas Insulated Substation (2015)

There is great concern on the electromagnetic compatibility problem of electronic equipments in an intelligent substation, due to the compact structure resulted from high degree of integration between the primary electrical equipments and secondary electronic equipments. The very fast transient electromagnetic disturbance (VFTED) resulted from the gas insulated substation (GIS) switching operation has potential impact on the electronic equipments by the electromagnetic coupling between the VFTED and the circuit of “sensor-cable-intelligent electronic device (IED)”. This paper presents both experimental and theoretical results of the disturbance voltage induced on the ports in control cabinets during the disconnectors operating in a 500kV GIS substation. The considered ports are connected to a current transformer (CT) equipped nearby GIS switcher via a KVVP cable. The results show that the peak value, the duration time and the frequency range of the transient waveform are about 400V, 2 μs, and below 40 MHz.
Smart 3D collaborative virtual learning environments: A preliminary framework (2012)

With increases in access to powerful computing and high-speed networks, 3D virtual learning environments are being envisioned and developed as places for collaborative learning. These new environments for collaborative learning have promise for great
Microenvironment in metastasis: roadblocks and supportive niches (2015)

In many cancers, malignant cells can spread from the primary tumor through blood circulation and initiate metastasis in secondary organs. Metastatic colonization may depend not only on inherent properties of cancer cells, but also on suitable microenvironments in distant sites. Increasing evidence suggests that the nature of the microenvironment may determine the fate of disseminated cancer cells, providing either hindrance or support for cancer cell propagation. This can result in strong selective pressure where the vast majority of cancer cells, invading a secondary organ, are either eliminated or maintained in a dormant state. The ability of cancer cells to fend off or circumvent anti-metastatic signals from the stroma and the capacity to manipulate the local microenvironment towards a supporting environment, a metastatic niche, may be essential for metastatic growth. The molecular interactions between cancer cells and the stroma are still enigmatic, but recent studies are beginning to reveal their nature. Here, we discuss the interactive relationship between metastatic cancer cells and host stroma, involving selection and adaptation of metastasis-initiating cells and host tissue remodeling. Understanding the dynamic and continuously evolving cross talk between metastatic cancer cells and the stroma may be crucial when developing cancer treatments.
TENT4A poly(A) polymerase regulates translesion DNA synthesis and is mutated in endometrial cancer (2020)

Abstract TENT4A (PAPD7) is a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, of which little is known. Here we focus on its multilayer regulation of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), in which DNA lesions are bypassed by error-prone DNA polymerases. We show that TENT4A regulates mRNA stability and/or translation of DNA polymerase η and RAD18 E3 ligase, which guides the polymerase to replication stalling sites, and monoubiquitinates PCNA, thereby enabling recruitment of error-prone DNA polymerases to damaged DNA sites. Remarkably, in addition to the effect on RAD18 mRNA stability via controlling its poly(A) tail, TENT4A indirectly regulates RAD18 via the tumor suppressor CYLD, and via the long non-coding antisense RNA PAXIP1-AS2 , which had no known function. Knocking down the expression of TENT4A or CYLD , or overexpression of PAXIP1-AS2 led each to reduced amounts of the RAD18 protein and DNA polymerase η, leading to reduced TLS, highlighting PAXIP1-AS2 as a new TLS regulator. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TLS error-prone DNA polymerase genes and their TENT4A -related regulators are frequently mutated in endometrial cancer genomes, suggesting that TLS is dysregulated in this cancer.
Modifying Faba Bean Protein Concentrate Using Dry Heat to Increase Water Holding Capacity (2020)

We investigated the effect of dry-heat treatment on the properties of faba bean protein concentrate using soy protein concentrate as a benchmark. While soy protein-widely used as an ingredient in meat replacers-is recovered through a wet fractionation, protein recovery from starch bearing pulses like faba bean can be done via dry fractionation. This process does not require drying or heating steps and therefore, keeps the original protein functionality intact. This results in differences in properties such as water binding capacity of the protein fraction. Faba bean protein concentrate was dry-heated at temperatures from 75-175 °C, which resulted in higher water-holding capacity and less soluble protein, approaching values of soy protein concentrate. These changes were due to partial denaturation of protein, changing the structure of the protein, and exposing hydrophobic sites. This led to protein aggregation, as observed by light microscopy. Only noncovalent bonds caused the decrease of solubility of dry-heated faba bean protein concentrate. We conclude that dry-heating of dry fractionated faba bean protein can change the functional properties of the protein fraction to desired properties for certain applications. The effect is similar to that on soy, but the underlying mechanisms differ.
Application of Fractal Dimension Analysis to Dance Evaluation (2021)

이 연구는 무용경영대회나 대학 입시시험 등과 같은 상대평가가 필요한 상황에서 무용 평가의 과학적 근거 기반의 척도와 객관적인 근거 기준을 확보하며, 무용 창의성 평가를 위한 근거를 확인하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 무용의 객관적인 평가와 창의성에 대한 평가의 척도로 수학적 모델인 프랙탈 이론을 활용 할 수 있으며, 연구 방법으로는 무용 전문가의 스탠다드 수행능력 데이터와 수행자들의 실기능력을 촬영한 영상 등을 동작분석 프로그램인 다트피쉬 프로그램의 스트로모션을 활용하여 2차 원적인 복합 이미지를 구현하고, 이러한 데이터에 대한 프랙탈 지수를 측정 할 수 있다. 프랙탈 지수는 관련 데이터의 일치도에 대한 검증으로서 지수 1에 가까울수록 무용 전문가의 수행 능력과 수행자의 수행능력이 비슷함을 시사할 수 있다. 창의적 평가 과정에서는 두 무용수의 수행능력에 대한 2차원적 이미지 데이터를 기반으로 복잡한 동작의 프랙탈 지수의 차이를 비교하여 보다 창의적인 무용수행능력을 갖춘 무용수를 비교하며 이에 대한 객관성을 갖춘 기준을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Evaluation of view synthesis algorithms for mobile 3DTV (2011)

View synthesis algorithms suitable for mobile devices are presented and discussed. The focus is on low complexity rendering methods that enable line wise processing. A full pixel accurate rendering algorithm is compared to two algorithms using sub pixel accuracy: One sub pixel accurate method applies a linear interpolation, while the other method utilizes rendering in an up-sampled domain. An analysis of the rendered views and the corresponding stereo views is given. In the evaluation especially aspects on 3D impression, hole filling in disoccluded areas and flickering were investigated. Finally, optimized versions of the evaluated algorithms are presented and their computational complexities are discussed.
Structural Biology of Human H3K9 Methyltransferases (2010)

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Use of ground-probing radar and resistivity surveys for archaeological investigations (1987)

Abstract In Japan, geophysical methods are normally used to estimate the distribution of cultural relics before digging. Objects of archaeological interest are usually located within a few meters of the surface. Therefore, geophysical methods suitable for archaeological exploration are those which provide high resolution at shallow depths. The most commonly used geophysical methods are ground-probing radar, resistivity, and magnetometry. Of these methods, we used mainly ground-probing radar and resistivity surveys in archaeological investigations at four sites. Three of the sites were in Gumma Prefecture (Japan); they were covered with volcanic deposits (loam or pumice). Using ground-probing radar, we were able to locate ancient dwellings, burial mounds, and a distribution of archaeologically significant "culture layers". At the other site, in Nara Prefecture, we located part of the remains of an ancient city. In this investigation, the resistivity method and ground-probing radar were combined to determine the location of an underground water course within the ancient city.
Programmable Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomarker Detections (2019)

Recent advanced paper-based microfluidic devices provide an alternative technology for the detection of biomarkers by using affordable and portable devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Programmable paper-based microfluidic devices enable a wide range of biomarker detection with high sensitivity and automation for single- and multi-step assays because they provide better control for manipulating fluid samples. In this review, we examine the advances in programmable microfluidics, i.e., paper-based continuous-flow microfluidic (p-CMF) devices and paper-based digital microfluidic (p-DMF) devices, for biomarker detection. First, we discuss the methods used to fabricate these two types of paper-based microfluidic devices and the strategies for programming fluid delivery and for droplet manipulation. Next, we discuss the use of these programmable paper-based devices for the single- and multi-step detection of biomarkers. Finally, we present the current limitations of paper-based microfluidics for biomarker detection and the outlook for their development.
A novel, injury-free rodent model of vulnerability for assessment of acute and preventive therapies reveals temporal contributions of CGRP-receptor activation in migraine-like pain (2020)

We have developed a novel injury-free model with translational relevance that can be used to study mechanisms relevant to migraine-like pain and to evaluate novel acute or preventive treatments. Restraint stress priming induced a state of vulnerability to a subthreshold stimulus that has been referred to as "latent sensitization". The development of latent sensitization could be prevented by blockade of stress pathways with propranolol or with a kappa opioid receptor antagonist. Following establishment of latent sensitization, subthreshold stimulation with umbellulone reinstated cutaneous allodynia, likely from activation of meningeal TRPA1-expressing nociceptors. Accordingly, in restraint stress-primed animals, sumatriptan reversed umbellulone-induced cutaneous allodynia, supporting peripheral sites of action, while propranolol and nor-BNI were not effective. Surprisingly, olcegepant was effective in mice with latent sensitization when given prior to, but not after, umbellulone challenge, suggesting time-dependent contributions of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling in promoting migraine-like pain in this model. Activation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor participates in initiating, but has a more limited role in maintaining, pain responses, supporting the efficacy of small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists as preventive medications. Additionally, the effectiveness of sumatriptan in reversal of established pain thus suggests modulation of additional, non-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor-mediated nociceptive mechanisms. Kappa opioid receptor antagonists may represent a novel preventive therapy for stress-related migraine.
Herpes-like Viral Dermatitis in a Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) (1989)

Approximately 3.5 mo following its capture, a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) developed focal pale gray skin lesions. These lesions persisted for at least 8 mo. A biopsy from one of these sites revealed epithelial intranuclear inclusions. Herpes-like viral particles were seen by transmission electron microscopy. The eventual regression of skin lesions and lack of other clinical signs suggests the virus was only mildly pathogenic in this animal.
Long Single-Molecule Reads Can Resolve the Complexity of the Influenza Virus Composed of Rare, Closely Related Mutant Variants (2016)

As a result of a high rate of mutations and recombination events, an RNA-virus exists as a heterogeneous "swarm" of mutant variants. The long read length offered by single-molecule sequencing technologies allows each mutant variant to be sequenced in a single pass. However, high error rate limits the ability to reconstruct heterogeneous viral population composed of rare, related mutant variants. In this article, we present two single-nucleotide variants (2SNV), a method able to tolerate the high error rate of the single-molecule protocol and reconstruct mutant variants. 2SNV uses linkage between single-nucleotide variations to efficiently distinguish them from read errors. To benchmark the sensitivity of 2SNV, we performed a single-molecule sequencing experiment on a sample containing a titrated level of known viral mutant variants. Our method is able to accurately reconstruct clone with frequency of 0.2% and distinguish clones that differed in only two nucleotides distantly located on the genome. 2SNV outperforms existing methods for full-length viral mutant reconstruction.
Zum Einfluß von Kohlendioxid in der Luft UNI auf die Oberflächenspannung von Leitfähigkeitswasser (1970)

Article Zum Einfluß von Kohlendioxid in der Luft UNI auf die Oberflächenspannung von Leitfähigkeitswasser was published on January 1, 1970 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 7, issue 1).
Stomatal development in the context of epidermal tissues (2021)

Here, I review the mechanisms of stomatal development in the context of epidermal tissue patterning. First, I introduce the core regulatory mechanisms of stomatal patterning and differentiation in the model species A. thaliana. Subsequently, experimental evidence is presented supporting the idea that different cell types within the leaf epidermis, namely stomata, hydathodes pores, pavement cells and trichomes, either share developmental origins or mutually influence each other's gene regulatory circuits during development. Emphasis is placed on extrinsic and intrinsic signals regulating the balance between stomata and pavement cells, specifically by controlling the fate of stomatal-lineage ground cells (SLGCs) to remain within the stomatal cell lineage or differentiate into pavement cells. Finally, I discuss the influence of intertissue layer communication between the epidermis and underlying mesophyll/vascular tissues on stomatal differentiation. Understanding the dynamic behaviours of stomatal precursor cells and their differentiation in the broader context of tissue and organ development may help design plants tailored for optimal growth and productivity in specific agricultural applications and a changing environment.
A Nonlinear Optical Organic Crystal for Waveguiding SHG Devices: (-)2-(α-Methylbenzylamino)-5-Nitropyridine (MBANP) (1989)

A nonlinear optical organic material, (-)2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine (MBANP), has been comprehensively investigated with the objective of application to frequency doubling of laser diodes. Its molecular hyperpolarizability is as large as that of p -nitroaniline. MBANP crystallizes with a highly asymmetric molecular arrangement. The largest nonlinear optical coefficient, d 22 , is measured to be 60 pm/V. The corresponding figure of merit for frequency doubling at 1.064 µm is 3.5 times larger than that for d 33 of LiNbO 3 . Čerenkov-radiation-type, phase-matched second-harmonic generation has been demonstrated utilizing the d 22 coefficient by making use of an appropriate waveguiding structure.