gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metal Organic Framework Concentration on the Crystallization of PLA-Al-MOF Composites (2016)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a well-known biopolymer, is lacking in barrier properties and toughness. The research goal of this project is to look at the crystallinity of PLA when combined with metal organic framework (MOF). It is speculated that MOF has an effect on PLA chain mobility, and therefore crystallinity. In this study, aluminum MOF was added to PLA in varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) to observe the crystallinity of the composite. The resulting PLA-Al-MOF composite films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM was used to characterize the PLA-Al-MOF interfacial adhesion and MOF dispersion. DSC and FTIR showed a decrease in crystallinity with increasing MOF content, while XRD revealed a crystallinity average of 20.43% with no statistical difference among the samples. Overall, lack of correlation between data obtained from the different characterization methods led to inconclusive results. It is recommended that future investigators use polarized light microscopy (PLM) as it is a direct measure of crystallinity and thermally process the films to mimic DSC conditions before performing XRD to help solidify a more concrete correlation between MOF and PLA crystallinity.
Efficacy and Safety of Clarithromycin Compared to Cefixime as Outpatient Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (1993)

This study demonstrates that clarithromycin and cefixime are effective treatments for pneumonia and acute bacterial exacerbations of bronchitis of mild to moderate severity caused by the most common infecting organisms.
The Kinetics of Polymer Cure by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Volume I (1982)

Abstract : The need for providing processing information for new resins requires obtaining the reaction kinetics for polymerization of these resins. The kinetic parameters can be used to generate reaction window plots. Because of the exothermic nature of these reactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to obtain the kinetic parameters. Multiple-scan DSC curves at several heating rates were utilized applying the Friedman method of kinetic analysis. This method, which contains activation energies at each extent of conversion, allows kinetic parameters to be evaluated without having to assume any apriori functionality for the rate dependency. The kinetic parameters so obtained are then utilized to predict the behavior of reacting systems under a variety of isothermal conditions. This behavior is displayed in reaction window plots. The method is described, and includes descriptions of computer programs with illustrated data from the cure of new resins.
KSHV vIL-6 Enhances Inflammatory Responses by Epigenetic Reprogramming (2023)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS) is a newly described chronic inflammatory disease condition caused by KSHV infection and is characterized by high KSHV viral load and sustained elevations of serum KSHV-encoded IL-6 (vIL-6) and human IL-6 (hIL-6). KICS has significant immortality and possesses greater risks of having other complications, which include malignancies. Although prolonged inflammatory vIL-6 exposure by persistent KSHV infection is expected to have key roles in subsequent disease development, the biological effects of prolonged vIL-6 exposure remain elusive. Using thiol-Linked Alkylation for the Metabolic Sequencing and Cleavage Under Target & Release Using Nuclease analysis, we studied the effect of prolonged vIL-6 exposure in chromatin landscape and resulting cytokine production. The studies showed that prolonged vIL-6 exposure increased Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation co-occupancies on chromatin, and the recruitment sites were frequently co-localized with poised RNAPII with associated enzymes. Increased BRD4 recruitment on promoters was associated with increased and prolonged NF-κB p65 binding after the lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The p65 binding resulted in quicker and sustained transcription bursts from the promoters; this mechanism increased total amounts of hIL-6 and IL-10 in tissue culture. Pretreatment with the BRD4 inhibitor, OTX015, eliminated the enhanced inflammatory cytokine production. These findings suggest that persistent vIL-6 exposure may establish a chromatin landscape favorable for the reactivation of inflammatory responses in monocytes. This epigenetic memory may explain the greater risk of chronic inflammatory disease development in KSHV-infected individuals.
CYP24A1 Exacerbated Activity during Diabetes Contributes to Kidney Tubular Apoptosis via Caspase-3 Increased Expression and Activation (2012)

Decreases in circulating 25,hydroxyl-vitamin D3 (25 OH D3) and 1,25,dihydroxyl-vitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2 D3) have been extensively documented in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the molecular reasons behind this drop, and whether it is a cause or an effect of disease progression is still poorly understood. With the skin and the liver, the kidney is one of the most important sites for vitamin D metabolism. Previous studies have also shown that CYP24A1 (an enzyme implicated in vitamin D metabolism), might play an important role in furthering the progression of kidney lesions during diabetic nephropathy. In this study we show a link between CYP24A1 increase and senescence followed by apoptosis induction in the renal proximal tubules of diabetic kidneys. We show that CYP24A1 expression was increased during diabetic nephropathy progression. This increase derived from protein kinase C activation and increased H(2)O(2) cellular production. CYP24A1 increase had a major impact on cellular phenotype, by pushing cells into senescence, and later into apoptosis. Our data suggest that control of CYP24A1 increase during diabetes has a beneficial effect on senescence induction and caspase-3 increased expression. We concluded that diabetes induces an increase in CYP24A1 expression, destabilizing vitamin D metabolism in the renal proximal tubules, leading to cellular instability and apoptosis, and thereby accelerating tubular injury progression during diabetic nephropathy.
Hybrid III–V/Si-CMOS PDK for Monolithic Heterogeneously-Integrated III–V/Si Technology Platforms (2020)

The needs of electronics are endless. The complexity in designing a circuit to meet high demand markets has increased daily. Furthermore, the urge for high power gain for high-efficiency RF applications leads to searching a replacement of Si material. III–V compound semiconductor (CS) materials provide a promising technology booster but integrating into the state-of-the-art Si equipment for VLSI faces some challenges for circuit designs and device fabrication. To ease the design complexity, Process Design Kit (PDK) has been widely used for modern semiconductor designs. This paper presents cross-platform III–V/Si circuit simulation, schematic and layout design, and integration of III–V/Si design verification for VLSI on 200-mm wafer in Si CMOS fabrication environment.
Estimation of Direction of Arrival by Time Reversal for Low-Angle Targets (2018)

In a low-angle target parameter estimation scenario, the backscattered signals from targets are often distorted due to clutter and multipath, which significantly degrades the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In general, the backscattered multipaths are modeled as coherent signals with respect to the direct path. Decorrelation algorithms such as spatial smoothing and matrix reconstruction can mitigate the effect of multipath. However, most of these methods will perform poorly or even fail for solving parameter estimation problem of low-angle targets in complex terrain where there are rich multipath scatterings. This paper presents a novel method that combines time reversal (TR) technique, coherent signal-subspace method (CSM), and multiple signal classification algorithm to perform DOA estimation in a low-angle target scenario. The TR technique takes advantage of multipath echoes recorded by a sensor array and adaptively adjusts TR probing waveforms to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in a rich scattering environment. Moreover, the CSM method compresses the energy of a signal into a predefined subspace to exploit the full time-bandwidth product of signal sources and cope with coherent wavefronts. As a result, the proposed new DOA estimation algorithm outperforms significantly the conventional methods. The Cramer-Rao bounds analysis and numerical simulations commendably validate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
The prognostic significance of computerised tomography findings in women with liver metastases from breast cancer (2011)

The CT appearances of patients with liver metastases at first presentation with metastatic breast cancer provide prognostic information which may be clinically useful.
Cyclodextrin mediates rapid changes in lipid balance in Npc1 mice without carrying cholesterol through the bloodstream (2012)

An injection of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to mice lacking Niemann Pick type C (NPC) protein results in delayed neurodegeneration, decreased inflammation, and prolonged lifespan. Changes in sterol balance observed in Npc1(-/-) mice 24 h after HP-β-CD administration suggest that HP-β-CD facilitates the release of accumulated lysosomal cholesterol, the molecular hallmark of this genetic disorder. Current studies were performed to evaluate the time course of HP-β-CD effects. Within 3 h after HP-β-CD injection, decreases in cholesterol synthesis rates and increases in cholesteryl ester levels were detected in tissues of Npc1(-/-) mice. The levels of RNAs for target genes of sterol-sensing transcription factors were altered by 6 h in liver, spleen, and ileum. Despite the cholesterol-binding capacity of HP-β-CD, there was no evidence of increased cholesterol in plasma or urine of treated Npc1(-/-) mice, suggesting that HP-β-CD does not carry sterol from the lysosome into the bloodstream for ultimate urinary excretion. Similar changes in sterol balance were observed in cultured cells from Npc1(-/-) mice using HP-β-CD and sulfobutylether-β-CD, a variant that can interact with sterol but not facilitate its solubilization. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HP-β-CD works in cells of Npc1(-/-) mice by rapidly liberating lysosomal cholesterol for normal sterol processing within the cytosolic compartment.
Abiotic Reductive Dechlorination of cis-Dichloroethylene by Fe Species Formed during Iron- or Sulfate-Reduction (2011)

This study investigated reductive dechlorination of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) by the reduced Fe phases obtained from in situ precipitation, which involved mixing of Fe(II), Fe(III), and S(-II) solutions. A range of redox conditions were simulated by varying the ratio of initial Fe(II) concentration ([Fe(II)](o)) to initial Fe(III) concentration ([Fe(III)](o)) for iron-reducing conditions (IRC) and the ratio of [Fe(II)](o) to initial sulfide concentration ([S(-II)](o)) for sulfate-reducing conditions (SRC). Significant dechlorination of cis-DCE occurred under highly reducing IRC and iron-rich SRC, suggesting that Fe (oxyhydr)oxides including green rusts are highly reactive with cis-DCE but that Fe sulfide as mackinawite (FeS) is nonreactive. Relative concentrations of sulfate to chloride were also varied to examine the anion impact on cis-DCE dechlorination. Generally, slower dechlorination occurred in the batches with higher sulfate concentrations. As indicated by higher dissolved Fe concentration, the slower dechlorination in the presence of sulfate was probably due to the decreased surface-complexed Fe(II). This study demonstrates that the chemical form of reduced Fe(II) is critical in determining the fate of cis-DCE under anoxic conditions.
Development of Highly Specific Antibodies to Alachlor by Use of a Carboxy—Alachlor Protein Conjugate (1991)

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced to alachlor, the active ingredient in Lasso® herbicide. The antibodies were generated using two different haptens, alachlor and carboxy-alachlor. The carboxy-alachlor antibodies were highly specific to alachlor, showing little cross-reactivity toward other chloroacetanilides, nor toward any of the major metabolites of alachlor in soil, plants, and animals. Optimized immunoassays provided a measuring range of 0.2 to 8.0 ppb of alachlor in water. Environmental water samples were analyzed by immunoassays. These results were used to assess the utility of immunoassay for the analysis of alachlor in water.
Dynamic gratings recording in liquid crystal light valve with semiconductor substrate (2016)

Liquid crystal light valve with GaAs substrate operating in the transmission mode in the infrared is studied. The nonlinear phase shift of the transmitted light wave is measured as a function of applied voltage. The dynamic grating recording is achieved. A fourfold amplification of the weak signal beam is reached. The gain is increased by means of proper tilting of the cell that increases an effective pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules. The amplitude of the refractive index modulation and nonlinear coupling constant are estimated from the experimental results.
Antibacterial Activity of Oxolinic Acid on Pseudomonas glumae. (1993)

acid (5-ethyl-5, 8-dihydro-8-oxo[1, 3]dioxolo[4, 5-g] quinoline-7-carboxylic acid, Starner_??_) is a synthetic bactericide, developed from quinoline derivatives. Oxolinic acid completely inhibited the growth of gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas glumae,
Endogenous oxytocin exerts anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in rats (2022)

Oxytocin is involved in pain transmission, although the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we generate a transgenic rat line that expresses human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (hM3Dq) and mCherry in oxytocin neurons. We report that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) treatment of our oxytocin-hM3Dq-mCherry rats exclusively activates oxytocin neurons within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, leading to activation of neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), and differential gene expression in GABA-ergic neurons in the L5 spinal dorsal horn. Hyperalgesia, which is robustly exacerbated in experimental pain models, is significantly attenuated after CNO injection. The analgesic effects of CNO are ablated by co-treatment with oxytocin receptor antagonist. Endogenous oxytocin also exerts anti-inflammatory effects via activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, inhibition of mast cell degranulation is found to be involved in the response. Taken together, our results suggest that oxytocin may exert anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects via both neuronal and humoral pathways.
Opto-Electronic Properties of Hybrid Perovskites (2016)

The photovoltaic efficiency utilizing hybrid perovskites as an absorber layer have reached 22% and offers extraordinary potential for clean sustainable energy technologies and also for low-cost optoelectronic devices. In spite of the unprecedented progress, there still exists tremendous variability in the structural and physical properties of these hybrid perovskite based thin-films across the globe. Crystallinity, defect density and impurities are in general determining factors for these physical properties, which are also highly dependent on the materials formation processes. In addition to this, the stability and reliability of perovskite based devices remains open questions and perhaps will determine the fate of this remarkable technology in the longer run. In this talk, I will describe our recently discovered hot-casting approach for thin-film crystal growth as a general strategy for growing highly crystalline, bulk homogenous pin-hole free thin-films of both 3D and layered 2D organometallic perovskites that yield reproducible and stable high efficiency devices and allow access to the intrinsic photo-physical properties. These results are briefly described below. Photovoltaic devices fabricated using 3D hybrid perovskites show hysteresis-free response, with high degree of reproducibility, with an average efficiency of planar devices approaching ~20%. Photo-physical, electrical characterization and theoretical modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charge-carrier mobility in large-grain devices. Furthermore, our most recent efforts on understanding and controlling photo-degradation in these systems demonstrate that the large grain-size perovskite thin-films are not limited by detrimental effects such as ion migration or defect assisted trapping generally reported in perovskite thin-film devices allowing us to probe intrinsic photo-physical processes that lead to the degradation of PCE in perovskite solar cells and control the light-induced degradation in these materials.
Time Domain Structural Parameters Identification (1987)

Identification techniques for linear lumped-parameters models of vibrating structures are critically assessed using data produced by numerical simulations. The structural model is excited by a stationary stochastic process with a rational spectral density. The techniques of least-squares, instrumental variable, two-stage-least-squares, and three-stage-least-squares are considered. These methods employ ARMA representations of the structural model which are derived from its differential equation of motion.
Orphan drug development in alpha-1 antitypsin deficiency (2022)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD, OMIM #613490) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting lungs and liver. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the US orphan drug act on AATD by providing a quantitative clinical-regulatory insight into the status of FDA orphan drug approvals and designations for compounds intended to treat AATD. This is across-sectional analysis of the FDA database for orphan drug designations. Primary endpoint: orphan drug approvals. Secondary endpoint: orphan drug designations by the FDA. Close of database was 16 July 2021. STROBE criteria were respected. Primary outcome: one compound, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) was approved as an orphan drug in 1987 with market exclusivity until 1994. Secondary outcome: sixteen compounds received FDA orphan drug designation including protein, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, gene, or cell therapy. Drug development activities in AATD were comparable to other rare conditions and led to the FDA-approval of one compound, based on a relatively simple technological platform. The current unmet medical need to be addressed are extrapulmonary manifestations, in this case the AATD-associated liver disease. Orphan drug development is actually focusing on (1) diversified recombinant AAT production platforms, and (2) innovative gene therapies, which may encompass a more holistic therapeutic approach.
Smart rapid diagnostics test reader running on a cell-phone for real-time mapping of epidemics (2012)

Rapid diagnostics tests (e.g., immuno-chromatographic assays and other lateral-flow tests) offer significant advantages over conventional approaches (i.e., clinical examination and advanced medical tests) for the surveillance of infectious diseases especially in the remote parts of the world. In order to provide an integrated platform for automated digital reading and real-time mapping of rapid diagnostics tests (RDTs), we developed a universal RDT reader running on a cell-phone that can automatically digitize and evaluate various diagnostics test results. A custom-developed cell-phone application automatically processes raw transmission and reflection RDT images that are digitally acquired using a compact and cost-effective hardware attachment to generate semi-quantitative test evaluation reports. The same cell-phone application also connects this RDT reader to a central database/server that stores and displays RDT evaluation reports, mapping infectious diseases in real-time. Powered by the cell-phone battery or two AAA batteries, RDT reader attachment utilizes simple off-the-shelf components (e.g., multiple diffused light-emitting diode (LED) arrays and a plano-convex lens) and can be customized to fit on different cell-phone devices (i.e., iPhone and Android phones) without any major changes on its design. Providing spatio-temporal statistics for the prevalence of various infectious diseases, this integrated RDT reader platform can be especially useful to support epidemiological studies to fight against global health related problems. Here, we review our recent progress on this cellphone based RDT reader platform and discuss its potential use toward real-time mapping of various diseases globally.
Closed-world tracking (2002)

A new approach to tracking weakly modeled objects in a semantically rich domain is presented. We define a closed-world as a space-time region of an image sequence in which the complete taxonomy of objects is known, and in which each pixel should be explained as belonging to one of those objects. Given contextual object information, context-specific features can be dynamically selected as the basis for tracking. A context-specific feature is one that has been chosen based upon the context to maximize the chance of successful tracking between frames. Our work is motivated by the goal of video annotation-the semi-automatic generation of symbolic descriptions of action taking place in a contextually-rich dynamic scene. We describe how contextual knowledge in the "football domain" can be applied to closed-world football player tracking and present the details of our implementation. We include tracking results based on hundreds of images that demonstrate the wide range of tracking situations the algorithm successfully handles as well as a few examples of where the algorithm fails.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neuro-ophthalmologic Manifestations of Benign Anterior Skull Base Lesions (2009)

Visual disturbance is a common presenting symptom of anterior skull base lesions. These lesions cause deterioration in visual acuity, restriction of the visual field, or reduction of ocular mobility. Common pathological entities that affect the skull base and involve vision include meningioma, pituitary adenoma, tumors of the bone, malignancy, and infection. Benign lesions are typically treated surgically with acceptable long-term results. In this article, we review the presentation, evaluation, and surgical treatment of patients with benign skull base lesions presenting with visual disturbance.
Effects of anaesthesia using endotracheal intubation or the laryngeal mask airway, or spinal anaesthesia, on oral mucosal host defences during minor surgery (2005)

ET and LMA induced similar oral mucosal host defence responses. There were, however, observations in this study that indicated a stronger response during ET than when LMA was used.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The ARF Tumor Suppressor Inhibits Tumor Cell Colonization Independent of p53 in a Novel Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The ARF Tumor Suppressor Inhibits Tumor Cell Colonization Independent of p53 in a Novel Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
Economic geography: workbook (workshop) (2020)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ Н
ChemInform Abstract: Thallium(III) Trifluoroacetate‐Trifluoroacetic Acid in the Chemistry of Polythiophenes. Part 1. Polymers from 2,2′‐Bithiophene and 2,2′,5′, 2′′‐Terthiophene. Mechanistic Aspects. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.