gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitsoamide: A cytotoxic linear lipopeptide from the Madagascar marine cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. (2007)

Abstract A new cytotoxic and linear peptide (IC 50 460 nM to NCI-H460 human lung tumor cells) was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. The planar structure of mitsoamide was deduced by 1D and 2D NMR experiments in combination with MS analyses. The structure of mitsoamide contains an unusual polyketide unit (3,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-nonanedioic acid, DMNA), incorporates a homolysine (HomoLys) residue and possesses a highly unusual piperidine aminal moiety. The configurations of the relatively common amino acids present in mitsoamide (Ala, Ile, N -Me-Ile, Phe, Val) were determined by chiral HPLC analysis of the acid hydrolysate.
Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) - cellulose composite fillers: Effects of PCC particle structure on the production and properties of uncoated fine paper (2007)

This work examines the precipitation of PCC – pulp composite fillers with varying crystal habits and their effects on the papermaking properties of printing and writing paper. Colloidal (c-PCC), rhombohedral (r-PCC), and scalenohedral types (s-PCC) of composite PCCs were produced and compared with commercial reference PCCs. Scanning electron micros-copy showed the c-PCC to be a high-surface-area nano-structured PCC. The rhombohedral composite was formed in clusters like a spider-web structure. Under similar experimental conditions, composite PCC was formed as individual ellipsoidal crystals and some of the particles had malformed structure, in contrast to the structured reference s-PCC. The co-precipitation and the structure of PCC significantly influence the forming, consolidation, and properties of paper, as well as its perform-ance in printing. Composite c-PCC showed the highest retention during forming. At higher filler contents, dewatering was reduced significantly with handsheets containing s- and r-PCC composite fillers. Colloidal composite hand-sheets showed the lowest tensile index and internal bond strength, while the rhombohedral composite gave the highest z-directional bond strength. Compared with the traditional reference samples containing commercial PCCs, paper with s- and r-composites had significantly higher density but similar light scattering ability. Addition of fibrillar fines to fine paper increased print rub fastness significantly in both laser and inkjet printed samples.
Moon-shaped printed monopole antenna for wideband circularly polarized radiation (2013)

A moon-shaped printed monopole antenna for wideband circularly polarized radiation is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of a moon-shaped radiator fed by a microstrip line. The moon-shaped radiator is printed on an FR4 dielectric substrate. The moon-shaped radiator and its ground-plane are optimized for wideband radiation of circular polarization. Measured performances of the antenna are 1.49 GHz (2.25-3.74 GHz) for -10 dB S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> bandwidth, 1.48 GHz (2.28-3.76 GHz) for 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth, and gain around 1.6 dBi over the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth. The overall antenna size is 46.6 mm × 70 mm × 0.8 mm.
Crystal structures of human 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase with native and non-native metals bound in the active site (2017)

3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO) is an enzyme in the microglial branch of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. 3HAO is a non-heme iron-containing, ring-cleaving extradiol dioxygenase that catalyzes the addition of both atoms of O<sub>2</sub> to the kynurenine pathway metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA) to form quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN is a highly potent excitotoxin that has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, making 3HAO a target for pharmacological downregulation. Here, the first crystal structure of human 3HAO with the native iron bound in its active site is presented, together with an additional structure with zinc (a known inhibitor of human 3HAO) bound in the active site. The metal-binding environment is examined both structurally and via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The studies identified Met35 as the source of potential new interactions with substrates and inhibitors, which may prove useful in future therapeutic efforts.
Therapeutic alliance mediates the relationship between interpersonal problems and depression outcome in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients (2006)

The relationship among therapeutic alliance, psychotherapy outcomes, and interpersonal problems was examined. The present study hypothesized therapeutic alliance would mediate the relationship between interpersonal functioning and outcome among patients with multiple sclerosis entering psychotherapy for depression. Nineteen clients received 16 weeks of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression as described by D. C. Mohr, A. C. Boudewyn, D. E. Goodkin, A. Bostrom, and L. Epstein (2001). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex (IIP-C; Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990), and the Working Alliance Inventory-Client Form (WAI-C; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989). The IIP-C significantly predicted Week 16 BDI and the WAI-C at 4 weeks. When controlling for the WAI-C, the relationship between the IIP-C and BDI was no longer significant, supporting the mediational hypothesis.
Elastic-Wavefield Seismic Stratigraphy: A New Seismic Imaging Technology (2006)

The purpose of our research has been to develop and demonstrate a seismic technology that will provide the oil and gas industry a better methodology for understanding reservoir and seal architectures and for improving interpretations of hydrocarbon systems. Our research goal was to expand the valuable science of seismic stratigraphy beyond the constraints of compressional (P-P) seismic data by using all modes (P-P, P-SV, SH-SH, SV-SV, SV-P) of a seismic elastic wavefield to define depositional sequences and facies. Our objective was to demonstrate that one or more modes of an elastic wavefield may image stratal surfaces across some stratigraphic intervals that are not seen by companion wave modes and thus provide different, but equally valid, information regarding depositional sequences and sedimentary facies within that interval. We use the term elastic wavefield stratigraphy to describe the methodology we use to integrate seismic sequences and seismic facies from all modes of an elastic wavefield into a seismic interpretation. We interpreted both onshore and marine multicomponent seismic surveys to select the data examples that we use to document the principles of elastic wavefield stratigraphy. We have also used examples from published papers that illustrate some concepts better than did the multicomponent seismic data that were available for our analysis. In each interpretation study, we used rock physics modeling to explain how and why certain geological conditions caused differences in P and S reflectivities that resulted in P-wave seismic sequences and facies being different from depth-equivalent S-wave sequences and facies across the targets we studied.
The reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Part XXVIII. Fast, neighbouring group-induced rearrangement during alkaline hydrolysis of α-hydroxyimino-p-nitrobenzyl phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates (1973)

A kinetic and product study of the fast, anchimerically assisted, alkaline hydrolysis of the 1 : 1 adducts of p-nitrobenzonitrile oxide and various phosphorus acids has been carried out. The adducts were alkyl α-hydroxyimino-p-nitrobenzyl alkylphosphonates (II; R1= Me, R2= Me, Et. Pr, Pri, ButCH2, or ButCHMe) and (II; R1= Et, But, or Ph, R2= Et), diethyl α-hydroxyimino-p-nitrobentyl phosphate (II; R1= EtO, R2= Et), α-hydroxyiminop-nitrobenzyl diethyl- and dihexyl-phosphinate (II; R1= R2O = Et, hexyl), and the α-hydroxyimino-p-nitrobenzyl esters of 1-hydroxy-2,2,3,4,4-pentamethyl- and -2,2,3-trimethylphosphacyclobutan-1-ones [(VII) and (VIII); X = C(:NOH)·C6H4NO2(-p)]. and the corresponding esters of 1-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl- and -3-rnethylphospholen oxides [(IX) and (X)]. In each case a t pH 7-9, it is suggested that hydrolysis proceeds via intramolecular attack by the oximinate function on phosphorus to give a pentacovalent intermediate and hence a phosphonylated benzohydroxamic acid, which via fission and a subsequent Lössen rearrangement gives p-nitroaniline and the parent phosphorus acid. These intramolecular reactions are noteworthy, not only in view of their rapidity, but also because they are not subject to steric hindrance at phosphorus, in marked contrast to bimolecular, intermolecular attack by nucleophiles. Corresponding reactions of ethyl α-hydroxyimino-p-chlorobenzylmethyl-phosphonate are also reported.
Classification of Breast Lesions with Multimodality Computer-aided Diagnosis: Observer Study Results on an Independent Clinical Data Set (2006)

Use of multimodality intelligent workstations can improve the performance of radiologists in the task of differentiating malignant and benign lesions at mammography and sonography.
Algorithm for Training a Recurrent Multilayer Perceptron (2004)

An improved algorithm has been devised for training a recurrent multilayer perceptron (RMLP) for optimal performance in predicting the behavior of a complex, dynamic, and noisy system multiple time steps into the future. [An RMLP is a computational neural network with self-feedback and cross-talk (both delayed by one time step) among neurons in hidden layers]. Like other neural-network-training algorithms, this algorithm adjusts network biases and synaptic-connection weights according to a gradient-descent rule. The distinguishing feature of this algorithm is a combination of global feedback (the use of predictions as well as the current output value in computing the gradient at each time step) and recursiveness. The recursive aspect of the algorithm lies in the inclusion of the gradient of predictions at each time step with respect to the predictions at the preceding time step; this recursion enables the RMLP to learn the dynamics. It has been conjectured that carrying the recursion to even earlier time steps would enable the RMLP to represent a noisier, more complex system.
Designed Glucopeptides Mimetics of Myelin Protein Epitopes As Synthetic Probes for the Detection of Autoantibodies, Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

We previously reported that CSF114(Glc) detects diagnostic autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis sera. We report herein a bioinformatic analysis of myelin proteins and CSF114(Glc), which led to the identification of five sequences. These glucopeptides were synthesized and tested in enzymatic assays, showing a common minimal epitope. Starting from that, we designed an optimized sequence, SP077, showing a higher homology with both CSF114(Glc) and the five sequences selected using the bioinformatic approach. SP077 was synthesized and tested on 50 multiple sclerosis patients' sera, and was able to detect higher antibody titers as compared to CSF114(Glc). Finally, the conformational properties of SP077 were studied by NMR spectroscopy and structure calculations. Thus, the immunological activity of SP077 in the recognition of specific autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis patients' sera may be ascribed to both the optimized design of its epitopic region and the superior surface interacting properties of its C-terminal region.
INHIBITION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS AND PLASMA MEMBRANE MOBILITY OF THE CULTIVATED MACROPHAGE BY CYTOCHALASIN B (1974)

Functional and morphologic effects of cytochalasin B on the cultivated macrophage were examined to determine the basis for plasma membrane movements of the type required for endocytosis and/or spreading on a substratum. Inhibition of phagocytosis and changes in cell shape by cytochalasin B exhibited nearly identical dose-response curves requiring 2-5 x 10(-6) M and 1-2 x 10(-5) M cytochalasin B to inhibit these functions by 50% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, hexose transport was ten times more sensitive to the drug requiring 2-3 x 10(-7) M cytochalasin B to achieve 50% inhibition of 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Inhibition of phagocytosis and changes in cell shape could not be explained solely by drug effects on hexose transport. Analysis of serial thin sections showed that cytochalasin B doses inhibitory for hexose transport had no effect on distribution or organization of either of the two subplasmalemmal microfilament types. However, cytochalasin B concentrations (2.0 x 10(-5) M) that inhibited phagocytosis and altered cell shape disorganized and/or disrupted oriented bundles of 40-50-A subplasmalemmal microfilaments, but had no effect on the microfilamentous network. Comparative dose-response studies showing positive correlations among cytochalasin B effects on phagocytosis, changes in cell shape, and alterations in oriented subplasmalemmal microfilament bundles provide additional support for the hypothesis that microfilamentous structures play a role in translocation of plasma membrane required for endocytosis and cell motility.
Background current in sino‐atrial node cells of the rabbit heart. (1992)

1. The Ca2+ current, K+ current, hyperpolarization-activated current, Na(+)-K+ pump current and the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current were all blocked by appropriate blockers and the remaining time-independent currents were investigated in single pacemaker cells of the rabbit sino-atrial node using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. 2. Exchanging the bathing solution from Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris) Na+ free to 150 mM-Na+ induced an inward current and the slope conductance of the current-voltage relationship increased from 0.45 +/- 0.18 to 0.87 +/- 0.33 nS (n = 71) at -50 mV. The remaining conductance in Tris Na(+)-free solution was essentially the same when Tris was substituted with tetraethylammonium (TEA) or N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG). The current density of the Na(+)-dependent inward current obtained by subtracting the current in Tris Na(+)-free from that in 150 mM-Na+ solution was 0.73 +/- 0.21 pA/pF (n = 71) at -50 mV. We called this current the Na(+)-dependent background current. 3. The membrane conductance was reduced by lowering the temperature of the external solution from 36 to 23 degrees C. In Tris Na(+)-free solution, the temperature-sensitive component was outward at all potentials, whereas it showed a reversal potential at around -20 mV in 150 mM-Na+ solution. This reversal potential was interpreted as a sum of the Cs+ efflux and Na+ influx, by comparing the Na(+)-dependent inward currents obtained at 36 degrees C and those at 23 degrees C. 4. Divalent cations (2 mM-Ni2+, 1 mM-Ba2+ or 2 mM-Ca2+) reduced only the outward current in the Tris Na(+)-free solution, while in the 150 mM-Na+ solution, they reduced both the inward and outward components of the current which had a reversal potential of around -10 mV. 5. Amiloride depressed the membrane conductance in 150 mM-Na+, Cs+ or Rb+ external solution, though only at negative membrane potentials, which suggests amiloride has a voltage-dependent effect on the background current. 6. Removal of Cl- from the external solution or the addition of a Cl- channel blocker (4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid disodium salt, DNDS) failed to affect the membrane conductance. 7. When the monovalent cation-dependent inward current was measured by subtracting the current in the Tris solution from those recorded in the various monovalent cation solutions, the current amplitude decreased in the order: Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Cs+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+, which suggests a poor cation selectivity of this current system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Electrospinning of functional ceramic nanofibers (2022)

Nanofibers are one dimensional solid state structures with high aspect ratio and high surface area to volume ratio. The enhanced functional properties associated with nano structures of these nanofibers attracted the researchers to study and explore for various functional applications. Ceramic nanofibers are quite interesting for various functional applications such as gas sensors, capacitors/dielectrics, piezo-electrics, membranes for water and air filtration, microwave shielding, energy harvesting and storage, miniaturized electronic devices, as reaction catalyst etc. Among different processing techniques for preparation of ceramic nanofibers, electrospinning is relatively a new/modern straightforward technique which generates perfect ceramic nanofibers. In this review article, an overview of preparation and characterization of various ceramic nanofibers such as alumina, samaria, manganese tetroxide, tin oxide, barium titanate, barium calcium tin titanate (BCSnT) and their possible functional applications is presented.
Immunotherapy for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. (2018)

215 Background: Annually about 30-50,000 men are diagnosed with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCRpc), defined by a rising PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP) or definitive radiation therapy (RT) with negative conventional imaging (CT and bone scan). Standard treatments include salvage therapies, androgen deprivation or surveillance. The role of immunotherapy in BCRpc is undefined. Methods: This study evaluates PROSTVAC, a pox-viral based therapeutic cancer vaccine targeting PSA, in BCRpc. Key eligibility criteria include PSA &gt; 0.8 after RP or &gt; 2.0 after RT with a maximum PSA of 30, PSA doubling time (DT): 5-15 months; testosterone &gt; 100, negative CT and bone scan. Patients (pts) are randomized to vaccine for 6 months or 6 months surveillance followed by 6 months of vaccine. In a post hoc analysis delayed PSA declines were characterized as a confirmed PSA decline after an intra-study apex PSA (ISAP) defined by a peak PSA affirmed by a contiguous PSA within 10% (to exclude lab variations). 80 pts will be enrolled at NCI, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Results: Of the 26 pts enrolled thus far, 22 have been followed for &gt; 9 months after vaccine and are evaluable. On-study median values were age 66.8 years (54-78), PSA 2.67 ng/ml (0.83-28.5), PSA DT 7.5 months (5.1-14.9). 8 pts (38%) had delayed PSA declines after ISAP (-12% to -99%). Of 13 pts on surveillance for 6 months, only one pt had a similar decline lasting only 56 days. Conclusions: Preliminary data from this study suggests that PROSTVAC may be associated with delayed, but sustained PSA declines in BCRpc which are rarely seen in surveillance alone. Additional data will be acquired from this study, but this provides rationale to develop immunotherapy combinations in BCRpc. Clinical trial information: NCT02649439. [Table: see text]
Management of acquired cholesteatoma in the pediatric population (2013)

The principal goal of pediatric cholesteatoma management is eradication of disease. An individualized approach is paramount in yielding superior results in these patients. Special consideration should be given to anatomical and social factors.
Amplitudes of seismic waves; a quick look (1975)

Abstract A form of Kirchhoff's wave equation is presented which is useful to the geophysicist doing an amplitude interpretation of seismic reflection data. A simple rearrangement of Kirchhoff's retarded potential equation allows the reflection process to be evaluated as a convolution of the derivative of the source wavelet with a term called the 'wavefront sweep velocity'. The wavefront sweep velocity is a measure of the rate at which the incident wavefront covers the reflecting boundary.By comparing wavefront sweep velocities for geologic models with different curvature, one obtains an intuitive feeling for the relation of diffraction and reflection amplitudes to boundary curvature. Also, from this convolutional form of the wave equation, the geometrical optics solution for reflection amplitude is easily obtained. But more important, from the wavefront sweep velocity approach, a graphical method evolves which allows the geophysicist to use compass and ruler to estimate the effects of curvature and diffraction on seismic amplitude.
GaAs reflection photocathodes grown by metal alkyl vapor phase epitaxy (1976)

GaAs reflection photocathodes grown by vapor-phase epitaxy using trimethyl gallium and arsine have been activated to a maximum sensitivity of 1150 μA 1m−1. The material is of high quality and has diffusion lengths and surface escape probabilities which are comparable with those measured for liquid-phase epitaxial material.
hnRNP A1: The Swiss Army Knife of Gene Expression (2013)

Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse family of RNA binding proteins. hnRNPs display multiple functions in the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs into mature messenger RNAs. hnRNP A1 is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed members of this protein family. hnRNP A1 plays multiple roles in gene expression by regulating major steps in the processing of nascent RNA transcripts. The transcription, splicing, stability, export through nuclear pores and translation of cellular and viral transcripts are all mechanisms modulated by this protein. The diverse functions played by hnRNP A1 are not limited to mRNA biogenesis, but extend to the processing of microRNAs, telomere maintenance and the regulation of transcription factor activity. Genomic approaches have recently uncovered the extent of hnRNP A1 roles in the development and differentiation of living organisms. The aim of this review is to highlight recent developments in the study of this protein and to describe its functions in cellular and viral gene expression and its role in human pathologies.
Evaluation of Biosynthetic Pathway and Engineered Biosynthesis of Alkaloids (2016)

Varieties of alkaloids are known to be produced by various organisms, including bacteria, fungi and plants, as secondary metabolites that exhibit useful bioactivities. However, understanding of how those metabolites are biosynthesized still remains limited, because most of these compounds are isolated from plants and at a trace level of production. In this review, we focus on recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of those nitrogen-containing natural products and elucidating the mechanisms involved in the biosynthetic processes. The alkaloids discussed in this review are ditryptophenaline (dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloid), saframycin (tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid), strictosidine (monoterpene indole alkaloid), ergotamine (ergot alkaloid) and opiates (benzylisoquinoline and morphinan alkaloid). This review also discusses the engineered biosynthesis of these compounds, primarily through heterologous reconstitution of target biosynthetic pathways in suitable hosts, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans. Those heterologous biosynthetic systems can be used to confirm the functions of the isolated genes, economically scale up the production of the alkaloids for commercial distributions and engineer the biosynthetic pathways to produce valuable analogs of the alkaloids. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as cytochrome P450s, during the secondary metabolite biosynthesis is discussed in details.