gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects on electron scattering and resist characteristics using assisting underlayers for e-beam direct write lithography (2013)

Resist processing for future technology nodes becomes more and more complex. The resist film thickness is getting thinner and hardmask concepts (trilayer) are needed for reproducible etch transfer into the stack. Additional layers between resist and substrate are influencing the electron scattering in e-beam lithography and may also improve sensitivity and resolution. In this study, bare silicon wafers with different assisting underlayers were processed in a 300 mm CMOS manufacturing environment and were exposed on a 50 keV VISTEC SB3050DW variable-shaped electron beam direct writer at Fraunhofer CNT. The underlayers are organic-inorganic hybrid coatings with different metal additives. The negative-tone resist was evaluated in terms of contrast, sensitivity, resolution and LWR/LER as a function of the stack. The interactions between resist and different assisting underlayers on e-beam direct writing will be investigated. These layers could be used to optimize the trade-off among resolution, LWR and sensitivity in future applications.
Efficient Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Alkenes by a Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalyst (2011)

Optimierte Oxidation: Eine Kombination von Wolfram- und Zinkoxid auf einem SnO2-Träger (W–Zn/SnO2) dient als Heterogenkatalysator in der selektiven Oxidation von Alkenen, Aminen, Silanen, Sulfiden und anderen Substraten mit wässrigem H2O2 (siehe Schema). Die Produkte werden in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten, und der Katalysator kann ohne größere Leistungseinbuße mehrmals wiederverwendet werden.
Cognitive Semantic Communication Systems Driven by Knowledge Graph (2022)

Semantic communication is envisioned as a promising technique to break through the Shannon limit. However, the existing semantic communication frameworks do not involve inference and error correction, which limits the achievable performance. In this paper, in order to tackle this issue, a cognitive semantic communication framework is proposed by exploiting knowledge graph. Moreover, a simple, general and interpretable solution for semantic information detection is developed by exploiting triples as semantic symbols. It also allows the receiver to correct errors occurring at the symbolic level. Furthermore, the pre-trained model is fine-tuned to recover semantic information, which overcomes the drawback that a fixed bit length coding is used to encode sentences of different lengths. Simulation results on the public WebNLG corpus show that our proposed system is superior to other benchmark systems in terms of the data compression rate and the reliability of communication.
Structural and functional characterization of a splicing mutation in the pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene of an Ehlers-Danlos type VII patient. (1990)

A splicing mutation in the pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene of a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII has been characterized. Protein microsequencing of peptides prepared from the patient's dermal collagen identified an interstitial deletion of 18 residues. The deleted segment corresponds to the amino-terminal telopeptide junction domain encoded by the sixth exon of the pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene. Sequencing of specifically primed cDNA clones confirmed the presence of two distinct populations of pro-alpha 2(I) mRNAs, a normal one and another which lacks the sequences of exon 6. Limited sequencing of genomic clones showed that one of the pro-alpha 2(I) alleles displays a conservative change in the seventh codon of exon 6 (GAC for GAT), and a base substitution at position +1 of intron 6 (A for G). Since the normal transcript contains the GAT codon, the intronic change was associated with the allele that gives rise to the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA. The two allelic fragments were subcloned into an expression vector and the pattern of splice-site selection for exons 5-8 was assessed for each of the constructs after transfection into COS cells. This documented skipping of exon 6 sequences only in transcripts of the minigene construct that harbors the G to A transition. Expression of allelic cross-constructs confirmed that the single-base substitution at position +1 of intron 6 is the mutation responsible for the abnormal joining of exons 5 and 7 sequences in the patient's shortened pro-alpha 2(I)mRNA.
Protective effects of vinpocetine and structurally related drugs on the lethal consequences of hypoxia in mice. (1987)

Vinpocetine has been compared with 3 structurally related drugs for activity in protecting mice from hypoxia-induced lethality upon i.p. administration. In order of potency, vinpocetine (ED50 = 16.6 mg/kg), 1-eburnamonine (ED50 = 21.0 mg/kg), vinconate (ED50 approximately 25 mg/kg), and vincamine (ED50 = 47.0 mg/kg) increased the number of mice surviving an 80 sec exposure to 100% nitrogen gas. Furthermore, the antihypoxic effects of these drugs were not due to an induced hypothermia. All of the drugs, with the exception of vinconate, exhibited a monotonic dose-response curve and caused 100% survival at some dose. The antihypoxic effects with vinpocetine and related drugs in this model correlate with protective effects observed in animal models of cerebral ischemia and with therapeutic effects in patients with compromised cerebral blood flow. The possible mechanisms of action of these drugs are discussed.
Genetic algorithms: An evolution from Monte Carlo Methods for strongly non‐linear geophysical optimization problems (1991)

In providing a method for solving non‐linear optimization problems Monte Carlo techniques avoid the need for linearization but, in practice, are often prohibitive because of the large number of models that must be considered. A new class of methods known as Genetic Algorithms have recently been devised in the field of Artificial Intelligence. We outline the basic concept of genetic algorithms and discuss three examples. We show that, in locating an optimal model, the new technique is far superior in performance to Monte Carlo techniques in all cases considered. However, Monte Carlo integration is still regarded as an effective method for the subsequent model appraisal.
P009 Fluorescence mediated tomography detects and quantifies early intestinal neutrophil infiltration in experimental colitis (2019)

Recruitment, infiltration, and activation of inflammatory cells are crucial steps in the pathogenesis of IBD. The aim of this study was the visualisation of these processes in vivo and documentation of the kinetics of infiltration in experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 WT mice fed with 2.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in their drinking water. Animals were monitored for weight loss and presence of blood in the stools by hemoccult testing. Intestinal neutrophil infiltration was measured by targeted fluorescence mediated tomography (FMT) after injection of a neutrophil-specific fluorescence labelled (Cyanine7, λexcitation: 750 nm, λemission: 776 nm) rat-anti-mouse Gr1 antibody or unspecific isotype control. FMT examinations and additional white light and fluorescence endoscopy were performed before (Day 0) and during (Day 5) colitis induction as well as at the end of the experiment (Day 10). Distribution of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood samples was determined by FACS staining for CD11b and Ly6C. Post mortem, intestinal neutrophil infiltration was quantified by immunohistochemistry for Gr1 and ELISA measurements of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Colitic animals showed decreasing body weight and faecal occult blood. FMT revealed a significantly increased level of fluorescence only 5 days after colitis induction when compared with pre-experiment healthy conditions (738.6 pmol tracer vs. 73.2 pmol tracer; p < 0.05) while neither clinical parameters nor endoscopy detected significant changes at this early time. Confirmatory, FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in inflammatory CD11bhighLy6Chigh monocytes (p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, white light endoscopy showed significant colonic inflammation with confirmatory neutrophil infiltration in colon tissue indicated by significant tracer accumulation in FMT and fluorescence endoscopy (compared with pre experiment healthy conditions, p < 0.05) as well as increased numbers of Gr1 positive cells and elevated MPO levels in post mortem analysis of colonic tissue (compared with healthy control mice, p < 0.05). Gr1-targeted FMT can detect early colonic infiltration of inflammatory neutrophils before clinical symptoms or endoscopic alterations occur. In vivo FMT and fluorescence endoscopy allow repetitive monitoring of inflammatory activity and kinetics of leucocyte emigration and can be employed in various models of inflammation providing a valuable non-invasive tool to visualise and quantify the accumulation of inflammatory cells or other desirable targets.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Aphania senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Radlkrn (2015)

Aphania senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Redelk is a plant commonly used in Senegalese traditional medicine to treat different affections. The aims of this study were to investigate the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Aphania senegalensis. Phytochemical investigation done with standard reactions had revealed that flavonoids, tannins, sterols and triterpenoids were the main constituents of the leaf extract. The phenol content was 151.63Â±10.92 mg equivalent tannic acid/g of ethanol dried extract. The extract exhibited ability to reduce ferric ion. From 1.95 to 31.25 Âµg/ml the absorbance values of the extract varied respectively from 0.024Â±0.009 to 0.36Â±0.31. On ABTS, nitric oxide and DPPH radicals reducing assays, the IC50 values of the extract were respectively 4.12Â± 0.11- 190.51Â±6.7- 2.77 Â± 0.03 Âµg/ml.
Comparison of differents methods of sperm selection of llama raw semen (2016)

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of different sperm selection methods applied to the same llama ejaculate. Four treatments were compared: two variants of the swim up technique (with and without seminal plasma), and two different colloids, Androcoll-E-Large and Percoll(®). Using electroejaculation, 21 semen samples were obtained from 7 llama males (n=7, r=3). The ejaculates were incubated in a solution of 0.1% collagenase, to decrease thread formation, and then split into 4 aliquots: one aliquot was layered over a column of Androcoll-E-Large (SLC) and the second over a column of Percoll (45%). The third aliquot was deposited in a tube with culture medium and was incubated at a 45° angle for 30min at 37°C (SU1). The last aliquot was centrifuged to separate the spermatozoa and seminal plasma. The sperm pellet obtained was resuspended, and transferred to a tube with culture medium which was incubated at an angle of 45° for 30min at 37°C (SU2). Both aliquots SLC and P showed higher proportions of progressive motility and plasma membrane functionality (p≤0.05) than raw semen. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in sperm viability and in normal spermatozoa between raw semen and treatments. Nevertheless, only SLC did not have a significant increase of bent tails. In conclusion SLC centrifugation would be the method of choice for selecting llama spermatozoa.
Comparison of Four Strong Acids on the Precipitation Potential of Gypsum in Brines during Distillation of Pretreated, Augmented Urine: Preliminary Results (2012)

In this study, three different mineral acids were substituted for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the urine stabilizer solution to eliminate the addition of sulfate ions in pretreated urine and assess the impact on maximum water recovery to avoid precipitation of minerals during distillation. The study evaluated replacing sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. The effect of lowering the oxidizer concentration in the pretreatment formulation also was studied. This paper summarizes the test results, defines candidate formulations for further study, and specifies the injection masses required to stabilize urine and minimize the risk of mineral precipitation during distillation. The solubility of calcium in gypsum saturated solutions was measured in the first test with a brine ersatz acidified with different acids. The solubility of gypsum was doubled in the brines acidified with the alternative acids compared to H2SO4. In a second series of tests, the alternative acid pretreatment concentrations were effective at preventing precipitation of gypsum and other minerals up to 85% water recovery from 95th-percentile pretreated, augmented urine. H3PO4 is recommended as the safest alternative to H2SO4, based on test results. It also is recommended that the injected mass concentration of chromium trioxide solution be reduced by 75% to minimize liquid resupply mass by about 50%, reduce toxicity of brines, and reduce the concentration of organic acids in distillate. The new stabilizer solution formulations and required doses to stabilize urine and prevent precipitation of minerals up to 85% water recovery are given. The formulations in this study were tested on a limited number of artificially augmented urine batches collected from employees at the NASA Johnson Space Center. This study demonstrated that the desired physical and chemical stability of pretreated urine and brines can be achieved using alternate pretreatment formulations under laboratory conditions. Additional testing and hazard assessments will be required to determine the feasibility of using the proposed urine pretreatment formulations on the International Space Station.
Alternative splicing of FKBP5 gene exerts control over T lymphocyte expansion (2023)

FKBP51 is constitutively expressed by immune cells. As other FKBP family members, FKBP51 acts as a coreceptor for the natural products FK506 and rapamycin, which exhibit immunosuppressive effects. However, little is known about the intrinsic role of this large FKBP in the primary function of lymphocytes, that is, the adaptive immune response against foreign antigens, for example, pathogens. This paper aimed to investigate whether FKBP51 expression was modulated during lymphocyte activation. Moreover, as we recently identified a splicing isoform of FKBP51, namely FKBP51s, we also measured this splice protein, along with the canonical one, at different times of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture stimulated via T cell receptor. Our results show that the two FKBP51 isoforms were alternatively induced during the proliferative burst. Canonical FKBP51 increased in the time window between 48 and 96 h and its expression levels correlated with cyclin D levels. FKBP51s transiently increased earlier, at 24-36 h to reappearing later, at 120 h, when cyclin D expression returned at resting levels and proliferation ceased. Interestingly, within these two specific timeframes, FKBP51s accumulated in the nucleus. Here FKBP51s colocalized with the Foxp3 transcription factor at 36 h. Regulatory T cell (Treg) counts significantly decreased when FKBP51s was downmodulated. The coculture suppression assay suggested that FKBP51s supports the suppressive capability of Tregs. At 120 h, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments found FKBP51s linked to CCND1 gene, suggesting a possible effect on gene transcription regulation, as previously demonstrated in melanoma. In conclusion, our study shows that FKBP5 isoforms are upregulated during lymphocyte activation, albeit on different timeframes. The activation of canonical FKBP51 coincides with proliferation hallmarks; FKBP5 splicing occurs early to sustain Treg development and late when proliferation ceases.
Crystal Structure of CuBrSe3 (1991)

The crystal structure of CuBrSe 3 at room temperature has been analyzed by the Rietveld method with X-ray powder diffraction data. It belongs to the orthorhombic system with the space group Pnc2, and has lattice constants of a =4.481(1) Å, b =7.672(1) Å, c =14.329(2) Å. The structure of CuBrSe 3 includes the ordered arrangement of Cu + ions. On the basis of the results of structure analysis, it is suggested that the nature of the bond between Cu and Br atoms is ionic, and that between Se atoms is covalent.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Preparation of α‐Nitro Cyclohexyl Triisopropylsilyl Enol Ethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solvated C60 and C60/C70 and the low-resolution single crystal X-ray structure of C60 (1991)

Novel, solvated C60/C70 and C60 phases have been synthesized and single crystals exhibiting long-range order obtained; X-ray diffraction studies support the spheroidal hollow shape of underivatized C6.
The SMIL 2.0 Timing and Synchronization Model: Using Time in Documents (2001)

Time is at the heart of multimedia, media centric documents and animated presentations. A powerful, flexible model is needed to unify scheduling, interaction, advanced control for animation, and runtime synchronization management. SMIL 2.0 defines a language and semantic model that addresses these needs. Its declarative language for timing and synchronization provides significant advantages over a purely programmed or scripting model. The new model has also been structured to facilitate integration of the XML syntax for timing and synchronization into other XML applications. The powerful model, declarative syntax and ease of integration make SMIL 2 timing and synchronization a good choice for document applications that include timing, scheduling and/or interaction. This paper introduces the syntax and the underlying semantic model. It discusses the advantages of a declarative approach, and the approaches for integration in other XML languages.
Intelligent Decision Making Based on On-Line Non Contact Measurement During Machining Process (1998)

Abstract This paper presents an experimental approach for intelligent monitoring of a Computer Controlled Machining Process. The article reviews the ongoing development in the area of open architecture control for machine tools. This is followed by presentation of the hardware and software scheme adopted to implement on-line inspection procedures. Force overload and vibration in a machining operation can affect dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the workpiece. As such, it is essential to inspect such parameters as surface roughness and geometrical data in an on-line fashion. The surface roughness data is obtained using a new laser based procedure where as geometrical data is obtained using a specially designed optical digitizer. Information from these sensors are used in a rule-based algorithm that provide the appropriate adaptive control of feed rate and spindle speed applied to the machining operation. The supervisory decision making strategy ensures the application of the correct process adjustment so as to optimize the entire machining process.
Acoustic Tests of Small Wind Turbines (2004)

Eight small wind turbines ranging from 400 watts to 100 kW in rated power were tested for acoustic emissions at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Rigorous test procedures based on international standards were followed for measurements and data analyses.Results are presented in the form of sound pressure level versus wind speed, where the sound was recorded downwind of the turbine at a distance equal to the hub height plus half the rotor diameter.When there was sufficient separation between wind turbine noise and background noise, the apparent sound power level was calculated.In several cases, this was not possible.The implications of this problem are discussed briefly.Some of the configurations tested were specifically developed to reduce the noise level of their predecessors.Test data for these machines demonstrate marked progress toward quieter turbines.
Ligand-Binding Pocket Shape Differences between Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptors S1P1 and S1P3 Determine Efficiency of Chemical Probe Identification by Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening (2008)

We have studied the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor system to better understand why certain molecular targets within a closely related family are much more tractable when identifying compelling chemical leads. Five medically important G-protein-coupled receptors for S1P regulate heart rate, coronary artery caliber, endothelial barrier integrity, and lymphocyte trafficking. Selective S1P receptor agonist probes would be of great utility to study receptor subtype-specific function. Through systematic screening of the same libraries, we identified novel selective agonist chemotypes for each of the S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) for S1P1 was more effective than that for S1P3, with many selective, low nanomolar hits of proven mechanism emerging. Receptor structure modeling and ligand docking reveal differences between the receptor binding pockets, which are the basis for subtype selectivity. Novel selective agonists interact primarily in the hydrophobic pocket of the receptor in the absence of headgroup interactions. Chemistry-space and shape-based analysis of the screening libraries in combination with the binding models explain the observed differential hit rates and enhanced efficiency for lead discovery for S1P1 versus S1P3 in this closely related receptor family.
4‐[18F]Fluoro‐L‐m‐Tyrosine: An L‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine Analog for Probing Presynaptic Dopaminergic Function with Positron Emission Tomography (1989)

4-[18F]Fluoro-L-m-tyrosine (FMT), a biochemical probe of striatal dopaminergic function, has been synthesized as an L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine analog for positron emission tomography. Biochemical characterization of this compound in the rat 30 min after intrajugular administration indicated that in the brain, selective decarboxylation occurred in the striatum, with the formation of 4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine and its metabolites. Positron emission tomography analysis of brain tissue in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) after intravenous injection of FMT revealed a true time-dependent, specific accumulation of radioactivity in striatum, with a striatum/cerebellum (nonspecific) ratio of 4 at 180 min. Peripheral metabolism accounted for less than 40% of the total radioactivity in arterial blood samples after 120 min. The amino acid remained as the major component throughout the period of investigation (n = 3; 5 min, 95%; 10 min, 85%; 30 min, 67%; 60 min, 62%; 120 min, 60%), with a plasma clearance t 1/2 of 112 min. 3-O-Methylated metabolites were not observed. The substrate specificity of FMT, coupled with its limited in vivo peripheral metabolism, makes it a useful, new biochemical probe for in vivo, noninvasive evaluation of central dopaminergic mechanisms.
Carbon incorporation for strain compensation during solid phase epitaxial recrystallization of SiGe on Si at 500–600 °C (1996)

Transmission electron microscopy has been combined with time-resolved reflectivity and ion channeling to study the effects of carbon doping on solid-phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER) of strained 2000 Å, Si0.88Ge0.12Si alloy layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Relative to the undoped layers, carbon incorporation in the MBE grown SiGe layers prior to regrowth at moderate temperatures (500–700 °C) has three main effects on SPER. These include a reduction in SPER rate, a delay in the onset of strain-relieving defect formation, and a sharpening of the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface, i.e., promotion of a two-dimensional (planar) growth front. These results suggest that C incorporated during SPER reduces the lattice-mismatch strain.