gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved pulse contrast on the Texas Petawatt Laser (2016)

We have completed a pulse contrast upgrade on the Texas Petawatt Laser. This improvement enables the use of thin and reduced mass targets for ion acceleration, and reduces pre-plasma effects on all experiments. The new design starts with two BBO-based OPCPA stages pumped by an optically synchronized 8-ps laser. These stages amplify slightly chirped few ps pulses by six orders of magnitude. Next there are two LBO-based OPCPA stages that are pumped by 4 ns pulses. With much less gain than before, parametric fluorescence has been reduced by about three orders of magnitude. Prior to the upgrade, lenses caused pencil beam prepulses. Since tilting or wedging lenses was not a viable option, we replaced all lenses in the glass amplifiers with off-axis parabolic mirrors. There are still weak prepulses that we attribute to surface scattering. We eliminated thin transmissive optics to avoid post pulses that would result in prepulses by nonlinear (B-integral) conversion. This required us to reduce from eight to four passes in the 64-mm glass amplifier and to add a two-pass 25-mm "booster amplifier." As a final upgrade we added an Acousto-Optic Programmable Dispersive-Filter (AOPDF) to improve higher order dispersion and steepen the rising edge of the compressed pulse.
Updated Overall Survival Data and Predictive Biomarkers of Sintilimab Plus Pemetrexed and Platinum as First-Line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC in the Phase 3 ORIENT-11 Study (2021)

The addition of sintilimab to chemotherapy resulted to significantly longer OS in nonsquamous NSCLC. Expression of MHC class II antigen presentation pathway could identify patients benefiting most from this combination.
Prodrugs of a CXC Chemokine-12 (CXCL12) Neutraligand Prevent Inflammatory Reactions in an Asthma Model in Vivo (2011)

Chalcone 4 (compound 1) is a small molecule that neutralizes the CXC chemokine CXCL12 and prevents it from acting on the CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors. To overcome its poor solubility in aqueous buffers, we designed highly soluble analogues of compound 1, phosphate, l-seryl, and sulfate, all inactive by themselves on CXCL12 but when cleaved in vivo into 1, highly active locally at a low dose in a mouse airway hypereosinophilia model.
Optical Coherence Tomography Characterization of Balloon Diameter and Wall Thickness (2010)

An intravascular optical coherence tomography probe is integrated in a computerized angioplasty balloon deployment system. The resulting setup can be useful in many applications. In this paper, based on the acquired intraluminal images, we achieve a detailed assessment of the diameter and wall thickness of the inflated balloon at different pressures. Such analysis is helpful in testing the balloon quality, in assessing deformation model, or in validating new balloon designs.
Embedding-based alignment: combining protein language models and alignment approaches to detect structural similarities in the twilight-zone (2022)

Abstract Language models are now routinely used for text classification and generative tasks. Recently, the same architectures were applied to protein sequences, unlocking powerful tools in the bioinformatics field. Protein language models (pLMs) generate high dimensional embeddings on a per-residue level and encode the “semantic meaning” of each individual amino acid in the context of the full protein sequence. Multiple works use these representations as a starting point for downstream learning tasks and, more recently, for identifying distant homologous relationships between proteins. In this work, we introduce a new method that generates embedding-based protein sequence alignments (EBA), and show how these capture structural similarities even in the twilight zone, outperforming both classical sequence-based scores and other approaches based on protein language models. The method shows excellent accuracy despite the absence of training and parameter optimization. We expect that the association of pLMs and alignment methods will soon rise in popularity, helping the detection of relationships between proteins in the twilight-zone.
An object-based video authentication mechanism for smart-living surveillance (2015)

Now-a-days, surveillance cameras have been widely deployed in connection with various applications. In these type of applications, object based coding offers very low bit rate video compression for transmission/storage of the data and protecting the privacy of the people, especially in the smart living system for elderly and children care. In addition to the compression advantages, object-based coding techniques can support content-based functionalities such as to selectively code, decode, and manipulate specific objects in a video stream. However, protecting the authenticity of the video becomes more challenging in this case as a malicious entity can modify/replace/remove the individual foreground objects and background in the video. In this paper, we propose a Chinese remainder theorem based authentication mechanism for protecting the authenticity of videos transmitted or stored using object based coding techniques. Our mechanism ensures the authenticity between the foreground objects and their associated background in a video frame.
Growth Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Synthesized by ICP‐CVD using Anodic Aluminum Oxide on Silicon as a Nanotemplate (2005)

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with different packing density were synthesized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP‐)CVD using anodic alumina oxide (AAO) on Si as a nanotemplate. Pre‐electrodeposited Ni nanowires and CH 4 were used as catalyst and reaction gas, respectively. The parameters determining the growth density of CNT arrays, such as AAO pore length, pore diameter, growth time, DC bias, and pretreatment conditions were investigated. It was found that the transport of ion species flux in the AAO channel and the catalytic activity of Ni nanowires determined the growth behavior of CNTs. The field‐emission measurement shows that CNT arrays with a medium density of 5 × 10 8 CNTs per cm 2 grown on the AAO/Si substrate have both the lowest threshold field of 1.5 V μm –1 and the highest current density of 4 mA cm –2 . Either a decrease or an increase of the CNT density results in inferior emission properties.
Deep convolutional neural networks for sign language recognition (2018)

Extraction of complex head and hand movements along with their constantly changing shapes for recognition of sign language is considered a difficult problem in computer vision. This paper proposes the recognition of Indian sign language gestures using a powerful artificial intelligence tool, convolutional neural networks (CNN). Selfie mode continuous sign language video is the capture method used in this work, where a hearing-impaired person can operate the SLR mobile application independently. Due to non-availability of datasets on mobile selfie sign language, we initiated to create the dataset with five different subjects performing 200 signs in 5 different viewing angles under various background environments. Each sign occupied for 60 frames or images in a video. CNN training is performed with 3 different sample sizes, each consisting of multiple sets of subjects and viewing angles. The remaining 2 samples are used for testing the trained CNN. Different CNN architectures were designed and tested with our selfie sign language data to obtain better accuracy in recognition. We achieved 92.88% recognition rate compared to other classifier models reported on the same dataset.
Genetic diversity and interfertility among highly differentiated populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata in Brazil (2010)

Mating studies showed that isolates of the insect‐associated wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata from Eucalyptus spp., mango, fig, inhame ( Colocasia esculenta ), Gmelina arborea and sweet potato were interfertile, and progeny from those crosses showed normal segregation for microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity was compared among 13 populations of C. fimbriata collected from six states in Brazil using 15 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The gene diversity values of most eucalyptus and mango populations from Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states were similar to putatively native populations of Ceratocystis platani and C. cacaofunesta , two other species in the C. fimbriata complex that are homothallic. Index of association values indicated substantial asexual reproduction or selfing in populations on mango and eucalyptus. Most of these eucalyptus and mango populations were not highly differentiated from each other, and these populations and genotypes appeared to be more closely related to each other than to other populations by upgma analyses. By contrast, the G. arborea population from Pará and the fig and inhame populations from São Paulo had relatively low levels of diversity and were highly differentiated from each other and all other studied populations, suggesting that they were from different origins and had gone through genetic bottlenecks. One of the eucalyptus populations in Bahia consisted of a single genotype and may have been introduced to the site in infected cuttings from another Bahia location. Similarly, a mango population from Mato Grosso do Sul consisted of a single genotype, which was identical to one of the genotypes found on mango in São Paulo. Aside from introductions by humans, mating studies and genetic analyses suggest that limited dispersal distance and a high degree of selfing or asexual reproduction lead to local populations of C. fimbriata that have limited diversity but are highly differentiated from other populations.
A Clinically Applicable High-pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method for Measurement of Serum Theophylline, with Detailed Evaluation of Interferences (1980)

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the routine measurement of serum theophylline that is accurate, specific, and sensitive is presented. It is technically simple, requires only 50 microliter serum, and takes relatively little technician time. Values for theophylline in sera obtained by this method correlate well with those obtained by use of a gas-liquid chromatographic method (r = 0.980) and with values obtained by the commonly used spectrophotometric method (r = 0.939) when the latter is free of interference. The assay has been employed for two years in a routine clinical chemistry laboratory, with interassay coefficients of variation of 2.4-3.2%. Interferences have been identified at an incidence rate of 3.8% of all specimens, and interfering substances include cephazolin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfisoxazole. A calculation technic that allows a reliable and clinically useful estimation of a range of concentrations of theophylline in the serum when these interferences are present is described. In contrast, the incidence of interferences with the spectrophotometric method is 4.9%, and in this method the interferences prevent the analysis of theophylline. Of 33 samples having interferences by use of the spectrophotometric method, the high-pressure liquid chromatographic technic yielded precise values for theophylline in 21 and reliable estimates of ranges of concentrations of theophylline in the remaining 12.
Inactivation of Chloramphenicol by O-Phosphorylation (1995)

Plasmid pJV4, containing a 2.4-kilobase pair insert of genomic DNA from the chloramphenicol (Cm) producer Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, confers resistance when introduced by transformation into the Cm-sensitive host Streptomyces lividans M252 (Mosher, R. H. Ranade, N. P., Schrempf, H., and Vining, L. C. (1990) J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 293-301). Transformants rapidly metabolized Cm to one major product, which was isolated and purified by reversed phase chromatography. The metabolite was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as 3'-O-phospho-Cm, and was shown to have negligible inhibitory activity against Cm-sensitive Micrococcus luteus. The nucleotide sequence of the S. venezuelae DNA insert in pJV4 contains an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide (19 kDa) with a consensus motif at its NH2 terminus corresponding to a nucleotide-binding amino acid sequence (motif A or P-loop; Walker, J. E., Saraste, M., Runswick, M. J., and Gay, N. J. (1982) EMBO J. 1, 945-951). When a recombinant vector containing this ORF as a 1.6-kilobase pair SmaI-SmaI fragment was used to transform S. lividans M252, uniformly Cm-resistant transformants were obtained. A strain of S. lividans transformed by a vector in which the ORF had been disrupted by an internal deletion yielded clones that were unable to phosphorylate Cm, and exhibited normal susceptibility to the antibiotic. The results implicate the product of the ORF from S. venezuelae as an enzymic effector of Cm resistance in the producing organism by 3'-O-phosphorylation. We suggest the trivial name chloramphenicol 3'-O-phosphotransferase for the enzyme.
Effect of tandem forms of DAF(CD55) on complement‐mediated xenogeneic cell lysis (2006)

These data indicate that tandem DAF, especially a triple-DAF, is a very effective form for protecting against complement activation.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Coronary Heart Disease: A HuGE Association Review (2004)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal disorder characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The FH clinical phenotype has been shown to be associated with increased coronary heart disease and premature death. Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) can result in the FH phenotype, and there is evidence that receptor-negative mutations result in a more severe phenotype than do receptor-defective mutations. Mutations in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene (APOB) can result in a phenotype that is clinically indistinguishable from familial hypercholesterolemia, and mutations in this gene have also been shown to be associated with coronary heart disease. Preliminary research indicates that the FH phenotype is influenced by other genetic and environmental factors; however, it is not clear if these are synergistic interactions or simply additive effects.
Low kV Computed Tomography of Parenchymal Abdominal Organs—A Systematic Animal Study of Different Contrast Media Injection Protocols (2021)

Adapted SF and DF injection protocols with reduced IDR/iodine load offer the potential to calibrate optimal CM doses to the tube voltage in abdominal multiphase low kV CT imaging. The data suggest that the DF approach allows the use of predefined injection protocols and adaption of the contrast to saline ratio to an individualized kV setting and yields the potential for patient-individualized CM adaption.
Electromagnetic extension of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability as a benchmark for Vlasov–Maxwell continuum kinetic simulations of magnetized plasmas (2021)

A closed-form integral representation of the electromagnetic dispersion relation for plasma waves propagating perpendicular to a magnetic field is derived. Growth rates and oscillation frequencies are calculated for several cases of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability and compared with those calculated from the usual electrostatic version of the dispersion relation. The comparisons show that the electromagnetic treatment more accurately identifies unstable configurations in plasmas with high beta, where the electrostatic dispersion relation predicts stability. Continuum kinetic simulations using the Washington approximate Riemann plasma framework confirm the theoretical calculations. The electromagnetic extension of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability provides a new benchmark problem for testing continuum kinetic simulations using the Vlasov–Maxwell plasma model, including for other numerical treatments such as particle-in-cell methods.
Finger-powered microfluidic systems using multilayer soft lithography and injection molding processes (2014)

Point-of-care (POC) and disposable biomedical applications demand low-power microfluidic systems with pumping components that provide controlled pressure sources. Unfortunately, external pumps have hindered the implementation of such microfluidic systems due to limitations associated with portability and power requirements. Here, we propose and demonstrate a 'finger-powered' integrated pumping system as a modular element to provide pressure head for a variety of advanced microfluidic applications, including finger-powered on-chip microdroplet generation. By utilizing a human finger for the actuation force, electrical power sources that are typically needed to generate pressure head were obviated. Passive fluidic diodes were designed and implemented to enable distinct fluids from multiple inlet ports to be pumped using a single actuation source. Both multilayer soft lithography and injection molding processes were investigated for device fabrication and performance. Experimental results revealed that the pressure head generated from a human finger could be tuned based on the geometric characteristics of the pumping system, with a maximum observed pressure of 7.6 ± 0.1 kPa. In addition to the delivery of multiple, distinct fluids into microfluidic channels, we also employed the finger-powered pumping system to achieve the rapid formation of both water-in-oil droplets (106.9 ± 4.3 μm in diameter) and oil-in-water droplets (75.3 ± 12.6 μm in diameter) as well as the encapsulation of endothelial cells in droplets without using any external or electrical controllers.
Effective Estimation Method of Routing Congestion at Floorplan Stage for 3D ICs (2011)

Higher integrated density in 3D ICs also brings the difficulties of routing, which can cause the routing failure or re-design from beginning. Hence, precise congestion estimation at the early physical design stage such as floorplan is beneficial to reduce the total design time cost. In this paper, an effective estimation method of routing congestion is proposed for 3D ICs at floorplan stage. This method uses synthesized virtual signal nets, power/ground network and clock network to achieve the estimation. During the synthesis, the TSV location is also under consideration. The experiments indicate that our proposed method had small difference with the estimation result got at the post-placement stage. Furthermore, the comparison of congestion maps obtained with our method and global router demonstrates that our estimation method is able to predict the congestion hot spots accurately.
A BODIPY−Borane Dyad for the Selective Complexation of Cyanide Ion (2008)

The coupling of borane as a donor and BODIPY as an acceptor leads to a boron-based receptor (3) that shows a 3-fold enhancement in fluorescence response for the selective sensing of cyanide ion by virtue of intramolecular energy-transfer transitions.
193-nm immersion photomask image placement in exposure tools (2006)

In case drastic changes need to be made to tool configurations or blank specifications, it is important to know as early as possible under which conditions the tight image placement requirements of future lithography nodes can be achieved. Modeling, such as finite element simulations, can help predict the magnitude of structural and thermal effects before actual manufacturing issues occur, and basic experiments using current tools can readily be conducted to verify the predicted results or perform feasibility tests for future nodes. Using numerical simulations, experimental mask registration, and printing data, the effects on image placement of stressed layer patterning, pellicle attachment, blank dimensional and material tolerances, as well as charging during e-beam writing were investigated for current mask blank specifications. This provides an understanding of the areas that require more work for image placement error budgets to be met and to insure the viability of optical lithography for future nodes.
Luminescence Properties of Self-Aggregating TbIII-DOTA-Functionalized Calix[4]arenes (2018)

Self-aggregating calix[4]arenes carrying four DOTA ligands on the <i>upper rim</i> for stable complexation of paramagnetic Gd<sup>III</sup>-ions have already been proposed as MRI probes. In this work, we investigate the luminescence properties of Tb<sup>III</sup>-DOTA-calix[4]arene-4OPr containing four propyl-groups and compare them with those of the analog substituted with a phthalimide chromophore (Tb<sup>III</sup>-DOTA-calix[4]arene-3OPr-OPhth). We show that, given its four aromatic rings, the calix[4]arene core acts as an effective sensitizer of Tb-centered luminescence. Substituents on the <i>lower rim</i> can modulate the aggregation behavior, which in turn determines the luminescence properties of the compounds. In solid state, the quantum yield of the phthalimide derivative is almost three times as high as that of the propyl-functionalized analog demonstrating a beneficial role of the chromophore on Tb-luminescence. In solution, however, the effect of the phthalimide group vanishes, which we attribute to the large distance between the chromophore and the lanthanide, situated on the opposite rims of the calix[4]arene. Both quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes show clear concentration dependence in solution, related to the strong impact of aggregation on the luminescence behavior. We also evidence the variability in the values of the critical micelle concentration depending on the experimental technique. Such luminescent calix[4]arene platforms accommodating stable lanthanide complexes can be considered valuable building blocks for the design of dual MR/optical imaging probes.
Topical Therapies in Chronic Sinonasal Disease (2013)

Program Description: This miniseminar provides an evidence‐based approach to the science behind topical management of sinonasal disease and parallels our greater understanding of the mechanisms in chronic sino‐nasal inflammation. The scientific basis behind delivery systems is presented. Cochrane reviews on topical steroids and antifungals have produced surprising evidence, and current recommendations by treatment guidelines such as EPOS 2012 will be debated. The miniseminar is presented by rhinologists actively involved in the development of topical therapies both clinically and in research. There is direct clinical application of current research and available products to the management of chronic sinonasal disease in general otolaryngology practice. Educational Objectives: 1) Define the therapeutic goals of topical therapies and understand the influence of device and surgical state on topical delivery. 2) Review current evidence based guidelines on topical therapies in CRS and learn about the science behind novel topical agents. 3) Identify the inflammatory conditions under which to apply these new topical therapies.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 6‐ETHYL‐6,9‐DIHYDRO‐9‐OXOPYRAZOLO(3,4‐F)QUINOLINE‐8‐CARBOXYLIC ACID (1984)

Abstract ö‐Aminoindazol (I) wird mit Ethoxymethylenmalonsäureester (II) zum Dihydro‐oxopyrazolochinolincarbonsäureester (IIIa) kondensiert.