gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Base-Catalyzed Mechanism for Dark State Recovery in the Avena sativa Phototropin-1 LOV2 Domain (2007)

Phototropins are autophosphorylating serine/threonine kinases responsible for blue-light perception in plants; their action gives rise to phototropism, chloroplast relocation, and opening of stomatal guard cells. The kinase domain constitutes the C-terminal part of Avena sativa phototropin 1. The N-terminal part contains two light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) sensing domains, LOV1 and LOV2; each binds a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore (lambdamax = 447 nm, termed D447) and forms the light-sensitive domains, of which LOV2 is the principal component. Blue-light absorption produces a covalent adduct between a very conserved nearby cysteine residue and the C(4a) atom of the FMN moiety via the triplet state of the flavin. The covalent adduct thermally decays to regenerate the D447 dark state, with a rate that may vary by several orders of magnitude between different species. We report that the imidazole base can act as a very efficient enhancer of the dark recovery of A. sativa phot1 LOV2 (AsLOV2) and some other well-characterized LOV domains. Imidazole accelerates the thermal decay of AsLOV2 by 3 orders of magnitude in the submolar concentration range, via a base-catalyzed mechanism involving base abstraction of the FMN N(5)-H adduct state and subsequent reprotonation of the reactive cysteine. The LOV2 crystal structure suggests that the imidazole molecules may act from a cavity located in the vicinity of the FMN, explaining its high efficiency, populated through a channel connecting the cavity to the protein surface. Use of pH titration and chemical inactivation by diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) suggests that histidines located at the surface of the LOV domain act as base catalysts via an as yet unidentified H-bond network, operating at a rate of (55 s)-1 at pH 8. In addition, molecular processes other than histidine-mediated base catalysis contibute significantly to the total thermal decay rate of the adduct and operate at a rate constant of (65 s)-1, leading to a net adduct decay time constant of 30 s at pH 8.
Robust Learning Stability with Operational Monetary Policy Rules (2008)

En este trabajo consideramos estabilidad robusta bajo aprendizaje de reglas de tasa de interés alternativas. Definimos �estabilidad robusta� como la estabilidad del equilibrio de expectativas racionales, bajo aprendizaje lineal-cuadrático descontado (ganancia constante), para un rango de parámetros de ganancia. Encontramos que muchas reglas de tasa de interés no son robustas, en este sentido, cuando se emplean formas operacionales de reglas de política. Las reglas se consideran operacionales si no dependen de los valores contemporáneos de las variables endógenas agregadas. Consideramos una variedad de reglas de tasa de interés, incluyendo reglas instrumentales, funciones de reacción óptima bajo discreción o compromiso, y reglas que aproximan la política óptima bajo compromiso. Para algunas de las reglas que buscan alcanzar la política óptima, permitimos un motivo de estabilización de las tasas de interés en el objetivo de política. Las reglas basadas en expectativas que proponemos en Evans y Honkapohja (2003, 2006) llevan a estabilidad robusta bajo aprendizaje. En contraste, muchas alternativas propuestas se hacen inestables bajo aprendizaje incluso para valores pequeños del parámetro de ganancia.
Generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells in vitro in man. (1983)

The generation of human antigen-specific suppressor cells in vitro was examined in a primary anti-DNP antibody-forming system. It was found that specific T8 suppressor cells could be induced in vitro with high doses of antigen. The suppression obtained was macrophage dependent and carrier specific. KLH-specific T8 suppressor cells suppressed the anti-DNP antibody response induced by DNP-KLH but not by DNP-FGG. Similarly, T8 suppressor cells induced with FGG specifically suppress the anti-DNP response stimulated by DNP-FGG. These T8+ suppressor cells bear Ia molecules arising as a consequence of activation. This in vitro antigen-specific system should be useful for the further dissection of human immunoregulatory circuits.
Single-fibre polarisation and spatial-mode interchanger (1993)

Broadband (Δλ &gt; 50 nm), low-loss (&lt; 0.02 dB), single-fibre devices are presented that can switch orthogonal polarisation modes in singlemode fibres, and polarisation and spatial modes in two-mode elliptical core fibres. These devices eliminate the need for a 90° rotary splice and are useful in several fibre optic applications.
Formalization and Correctness of the PALS Pattern for Asynchronous Real-Time Systems (2009)

Due to physical requirements, what in essence and at a higher &#13;\nlevel of abstraction is a logically synchronous real-time system has to &#13;\nbe often realized as a distributed, asynchronous system. Getting asynchronous real-time systems right is a very error prone and labor-intensive &#13;\ntask. The Physically Asynchronous Logically Synchronous (PALS) architectural pattern can greatly reduce the design and veri???cation complexities of achieving logical synchrony in a distributed real-time system implementation. The PALS philosophy is to provide a correct-by-construction pattern of very wide applicability. The main goal of this work is to make the PALS correctness property ???applying to a wide &#13;\nrange of designs??? mathematically precise. For this, we de???ne a formal &#13;\nmodel of the PALS transformation, and give formal requirements for &#13;\nthe allowed logically synchronous system designs, and for the operating &#13;\nenvironments in which a resulting PALS distributed design is to be deployed. Based on such a formal model and formal requirements, we also &#13;\ngive a mathematical proof of correctness for PALS, and a proof of optimality, showing that the PALS period is shortest possible. The PALS &#13;\nproof of correctness can greatly facilitate the formal veri???cation effort, &#13;\nbecause it reduces the veri???cation of a complex asynchronous real-time &#13;\nsystem to that of its much simpler synchronous high-level design. Our &#13;\nformal model is developed in rewriting logic using the Real-Time Maude &#13;\nspeci???cation language. Since such formal speci???cations are executable, &#13;\nthey can be used as a basis for correct-by-construction code generation &#13;\nimplementations of PALS.
Water‐Soluble (Pterin)rhenium(I) Complex: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Two Reversible Protonation–Deprotonation Behavior in Aqueous Solutions (2012)

Abstract A new water‐soluble complex, Re(CO) 3 (pterin)(H 2 O), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, and by a combination of three mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI, probe electrospray ionisation (PESI), and ESI. Because, unlike most metal‐pterin complexes, the Re I complex is quite soluble in water, appropriate single crystals could be obtained for structural X‐ray analysis. We report here the first solid state molecular structure containing a pterin ligand coordinated to the Re(CO) 3 core. This determination revealed that strong H bonds between the hydrogen atom of the 2‐amino group and crystallization water molecules give rise to a polymeric arrangement of Re(CO) 3 (pterin)(H 2 O) complexes in the lattice. Protonation studies in aqueous solutions of the Re I complex showed two acid‐base equilibriums with p K a1 = 3.9 and p K a2 = 8.8. p K a1 was assigned to the protonation equilibrium at N3 of the pterin ligand in the complex and p K a2 could be ascribed to the deprotonation of a coordinated water molecule.
Dynamical and content evolution of a sample of clusters from z~0 to z~0.5 (2000)

In this paper, we present an analysis of the dynamics and segregation of galaxies in rich clusters from z~0.32 to z~0.48 taken from the CFHT Optical PDCS (COP) survey and from the CNOC survey (Carlberg et al. 1997). Our results from the COP survey are based upon the recent observational work of Adami et al. (2000) and Holden et al. (2000) and use new spectroscopic and photometric data on six clusters selected from the Palomar Distant Cluster Survey (PDCS; Postman et al. 1996). We have compared the COP and CNOC samples to the ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey (ENACS: z~0.07). Our sample shows that the z&lt;0.4 clusters have the same velocity dispersion versus magnitude, morphological type and radius relationships as nearby Abell clusters. The z~0.48 clusters exhibit, however, departures from these relations. Furthermore, there appears to be a higher fraction of late-type (or bluer, e.g. Butcher and Oemler, 1984) galaxies in the distant clusters compared to the nearby ones. The classical scenario in which massive galaxies virialize before they evolve from late into early type explain our observations. In such a scenario, the clusters of our sample began to form before a redshift of ~0.8 and the late-type galaxy population had a continuous infall into the clusters.
Semantic Mapping of XML Tags using Inductive Machine Learning (2002)

In today&amp;apos;s data-centric world many applications rely on data that comes from multitude of different sources. To integrate that data two major operations are performed: finding semantic mapping between data sources, and transforming structure of the data sources. One of the well-established standards for storing and sharing structured and semantically described data is XML. This paper describes system called XMapper, which is used to generate semantic mapping between two XML sources that describe instances from the same domain. The described system is novel in two ways. It uses only stand-alone XML documents (without DTD or XML schema documents) to generate the mappings. It also utilizes machine learning to improve accuracy of such mappings for difficult domains. Several experiments that use artificial and real-life domains described by XML documents are used to test the proposed system. The results show that mappings generated by the XMapper are highly accurate for both types of XML sources. The generated mappings can be used by a data integration system to automatically merge content of XML data sources to provide unified information for a data processing application.
Triterpenes fromAstilbe chinensis (2009)

Six new triterpenes, 3beta,6beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (1), 3beta,6beta,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (2), 3beta,6beta,7alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (3), 3beta-acetoxy-6beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (4), 3beta,6beta,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (5), and 3beta,6beta,7alpha-trihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (6), were isolated from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses and HR-MS experiments. The isolated compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against the SK-N-SH and HL-60 cell lines.
Multivalent glycan arrays (2019)

Glycan microarrays have become a powerful technology to study biological processes, such as cell-cell interaction, inflammation, and infections. Yet, several challenges, especially in multivalent display, remain. In this introductory lecture we discuss the state-of-the-art glycan microarray technology, with emphasis on novel approaches to access collections of pure glycans and their immobilization on surfaces. Future directions to mimic the natural glycan presentation on an array format, as well as in situ generation of combinatorial glycan collections, are discussed.
CCXXII.—Some derivatives of ortho-vanillin (1914)

W. H. Perkin and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 2376 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140502376
Impact of Multimorbidity on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review (2016)

Background/Aims: We aimed to synthesize the current literature on the magnitude and impact of multiple chronic conditions on clinical outcomes, including total in-hospital and postdischarge mortality and hospitalizations, in older patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Four electronic databases and article bibliographies were searched for publications from 2005 to 2015 that assessed the impact of multimorbidity on clinical outcomes in the elderly with cardiovascular disease. Identified studies were screened using predefined criteria for eligibility. Results: Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Multimorbidity was assessed by simply counting morbidities and/or by the Charlson and Elixhauser indices. Most the studies reported a significant association between number of morbidities or selected morbidities and the risk of dying; the most frequent conditions examined were diabetes, chronic kidney disease, anemia, chronic pulmonary disease and dementia/cognitive impairment. Conclusion: There are limited data available on the magnitude and impact of multiple chronic conditions on clinical outcomes, including hospitalization and short- and long-term mortality, in patients with cardiovascular disease, and essentially no data on universal health outcomes (i.e. health-related quality of life, symptom burden and function). There is also a lack of consistency in the manner in which the burden of multimorbidity is assessed and characterized. Very few studies have addressed the true complexity of older patients with cardiovascular disease; how best to characterize multimorbidity in these patients and to relate this to clinical outcomes remains a substantial challenge.
Infinite-Dimensional Thermal Observability in Materials Processing (2005)

This article addresses the question of thermal observability as encountered in thermal manufacturing processes of solids. The Green-Galerkin method, previously developed to address the dual question of thermal controllability in infinite-dimensional heat conduction systems, is further explored and utilized to study various temperature profiles of variable complexity. It is proved that, despite the formulation complexities that arise from the spatial and temporal variation of the system variables, the developed method is able to observe the temperature field that exists within a solid body through surface temperature measurements alone
Chitosan-impregnated Sod-Metal Organic Frameworks (Sod-ZMOF) for CO2 Capture: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation (2017)

A sodalite zeolite-like metal organic framework (sod-ZMOF) was impregnated with chitosan and evaluated for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Sod-ZMOF before and after impregnation was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 physisorption. Chitosan impregnated sod-ZMOF (sod-ZMOF-chitosan) was then evaluated for CO2 adsorption using a packed bed column using a gas mixture containing 15% CO2 and 85% N2. Sod-ZMOF-chitosan was evaluated at different temperatures and flow rates to understand the effect of these variables on the adsorption performance of the material. Sod-ZMOF-chitosan reached its best adsorption capacity of 978 mg CO2/g adsorbent at a temperature of 25°C, flow rate of 25 ml/min and a pressure of 1 bar.
Macrophage Effector Mechanisms in Melanoma in an Experimental Study (2001)

Melanoma growth leads to decreased MO effector molecule production, increased prostaglandin E(2)production, and impaired MO cytotoxic and candidacidal mechanisms. These results may help explain the observed increased infectious complications in the tumor-bearing host. Strategies aimed at restoring MO function may have therapeutic potential.
A 10-mA LDO With 16-nA IQ and Operating From 800-mV Supply (2019)

A low-dropout (LDO) regulator with a quiescent current in the tens of nanoampere range and operating from 800-mV supply is proposed. A rail-to-rail buffer with zero input-output (I/O) voltage shift and based on the differential flipped voltage follower is used for combined gate and bulk driving of the output device. Therefore, bulk modulation with forward body bias is implemented without any additional amplifier. The proposed buffer is a crucial block for the sub-1-V supply and for limiting the contribution of the output device to the quiescent current. The error amplifier (EA) is adaptively biased with a bias shaper block, which implements a current limiting at high loads and a linear dependence on the output current at moderate loads. The feedback signal for the bias control is the output of the amplifier instead of the gate voltage of the pass device, thus combining a nanoampere bias at light load with the ability to follow a fast output current transient. Finally, a corner-tracking load is used to set the bias current of the output device to the minimum value at the target stability margin over the temperature and process parameters' space. The LDO was implemented in a 55-nm CMOS technology. The measured quiescent current is 16 nA with a minimum power supply rejection of 42.7 dB up to 50 kHz and a maximum load current of 10 mA. In order to compare the transient behavior of the state-of-the-art designs, a modified figure of merit is proposed, taking into account the penalty caused by the low supply.
Filtration sizes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and surrogate viruses used to test barrier materials (1992)

Filters with well-defined holes were used to determine the effective diameters in buffer of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 1, and four bacteriophages (phi X174, T7, PRD1, and phi 6), which may serve as surrogate viruses for testing barrier materials. Bacteriophages phi 6 and PRD1 most closely model human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in filtration size.
Microwave heartbeat detection by suppressing respiration component (2015)

The authors have proposed a non-contact vital sign detection method using a microwave. In general, the body surface movement due to respiration is significantly larger than that of heartbeat, and this obstructs heartbeat detection. In this paper, we propose the microwave heartbeat detection method by suppressing the respiration component. Measurements were carried out in a multi-path environment, and the experimental results showed that the proposed method works well in detecting heartbeat.
Dendrimers Based on Melamine. Divergent and Orthogonal, Convergent Syntheses of a G3 Dendrimer (2000)

Both convergent and divergent strategies are used to synthesize 1, a dendrimer comprising triazines linked by diamines. The convergent approach is orthogonal; neither protecting groups nor functional group manipulations are required using the building blocks selected.
Putting the colours into chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) (2006)

Recurrent genomic alterations are the hallmarks of particular cancers. Application of molecular cytogenetic technologies to tumour material in order to detect these alterations has become important for molecular diagnostics and research. A dual-colour chromogenic in situ hybridization (dc-CISH) method described recently in the Journal of Pathology has the advantage of visualizing two probes simultaneously with the ability to discern morphological features. In addition, the bright field microscopy required is readily accessible to many laboratories. The approach has been validated by comparison of results with standard analyses for HER-2 amplification status in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancers and is applicable to the analysis of other clinically relevant genomic aberrations as well as of use in research investigations.
TreeFam: 2008 Update (2007)

TreeFam (http://www.treefam.org) was developed to provide curated phylogenetic trees for all animal gene families, as well as orthologue and paralogue assignments. Release 4.0 of TreeFam contains curated trees for 1314 families and automatically generated trees for another 14,351 families. We have expanded TreeFam to include 25 fully sequenced animal genomes, as well as four genomes from plant and fungal outgroup species. We have also introduced more accurate approaches for automatically grouping genes into families, for building phylogenetic trees, and for inferring orthologues and paralogues. The user interface for viewing phylogenetic trees and family information has been improved. Furthermore, a new perl API lets users easily extract data from the TreeFam mysql database.
BayObLG v. 12. 12. 2002 5 StPO RR 301/2002 Verstoß gegen Beschleunigungsverbot und Verfahrenshindernis (2003)

Article BayObLG v. 12. 12. 2002 5 StPO RR 301/2002 Verstoß gegen Beschleunigungsverbot und Verfahrenshindernis was published on December 9, 2003 in the journal Juristische Rundschau (volume 2003, issue 12).
Computer aids to mammographic diagnosis (1987)

The improvement of mammographic specificity was investigated by means of identifying specific radiological features. Data are presented on the first 500 patients studied who had previously undergone mammography followed by biopsy. The presence of specific mammographic features on each radiograph, first determined by retrospective examination, was entered into a computer database. Subsequent discriminant function analysis demonstrated the importance of a small number of features whose presence could be used in an algorithm to predict diagnostic outcome. Using this algorithm, this feature-identification approach correctly identified 87.6% of benign and 79% of malignant cases. Specificity was improved to 88% as compared with the original radiological diagnosis of 49%. It is argued that this approach is very promising and a computer-assisted diagnosis based on these findings is described.
Near‐Infrared Dichromic Fluorescent Carbocyanine Molecules (2008)

„Zweisprachige“ fluoreszente Moleküle: Eine Reihe asymmetrischer Carbocyanine wird beschrieben, die duale Fluoreszenzemissionen im nahen Infrarot zeigen (siehe Diagramme). Die fluoreszenten Moleküle sind bei verschiedenen pH-Werten und in unterschiedlichen Lösungsmitteln stabil; zudem zeichnet sich jedes Fluoreszenzsignal durch eine spezifische Fluoreszenzlebensdauer aus. Diese Eigenschaften bleiben nach Konjugation der Farbstoffe mit kleinen bioaktiven Peptiden erhalten. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z800475_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection and distribution of endogenous steroids in human stratum corneum (2013)

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of endogenous steroids in human stratum corneum (SC) with respect to sex, age, anatomical site, and depth into SC, using a noninvasive sampling technique and a sensitive analytic method for quantitation. Corneocytes in the SC samples removed by sequential tape stripping from the forearm, forehead, and back sites were processed and analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of hydrocortisone, cortisone, and testosterone. In the 32 volunteers surveyed, testosterone was only detected at the forearm site in a single volunteer. Both hydrocortisone and cortisone were detected in 5–7 individuals out of 16 from both the age 20–35 years and age 50–65 years groups. Maximal amounts of hydrocortisone and cortisone found in SC of forehead, forearm, and back were 0.37 ng/cm2, 0.96 ng/cm2, and 0.49 ng/cm2; and 0.20 ng/cm2, 0.12 ng/cm2, and 0.06 ng/cm2, respectively, and were either higher than or comparable to those reported in human hair in terms of concentration by SC weight. In the population with either hydrocortisone or cortisone detected, no significant differences relating to sex, age groups, and anatomical sites were observed for the amount of hydrocortisone and cortisone in the SC. However, significantly higher amount of cortisone was found in the surface layers of SC than deeper layers in the age 50–65 years group. The results demonstrate that, with the achievable sensitivity of current analytical technology, physiological concentrations of endogenous steroids, such as hydrocortisone and cortisone, can be found in the SC of some individuals.