gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Human-Centered Architecture for Interactive Programming Assistants (2022)

Programming has become a collaboration between human programmers, who drive intent, and interactive assistants that suggest contextually relevant editor actions. There has been considerable work on suggestion synthesis strategies&#x2014;from semantic autocomplete to modern program synthesis, repair, and machine learning research. This diversity of contextually viable strategies creates a need for an integrative, human-centered perspective on the problem of programming assistant design that (1) confronts the problem of integrating a variety of synthesis strategies, fed by shared semantic analyses capable of operating on program sketches, and (2) centers the needs of the human programmer: comprehending, comparing, ranking, and filtering suggestions generated by various synthesizers, and in some cases participating in a synthesizer&#x2019;s search by supplying additional expressions of intent. This paper contributes a conceptual architecture and API to guide programming assistant designers as they confront these integration and human-centered design challenges. We then instantiate this architecture with two prototype end-to-end assistant designs, both developed for the Hazel programming environment, that emphasize understudied design aspects, namely continuity, explainability, human-in-the-loop synthesis, and the integration of multiple analyses with multiple synthesis strategies.
Engine And Installation Configurations For A Silent Aircraft (2005)

The Silent Aircraft Initiative is a research projec t funded by the Cambridge-MIT Institute aimed at reducing aircraft noise to the point where it is imperceptible in the urban environments around airp orts. The aircraft that fulfils this objective must also be economically competitive with conventional aircraft of the future and therefore fuel consumption is a key consideration for the design. This paper identifies some key features of a propulsion system that can achiev e the Silent Aircraft noise target and explores the relat ionships between the factors that affect fuel consumption. I t also considers the different demands made of an engine a t different operating conditions in the flight envelo pe. These studies are used to propose viable engine and installation configurations that could meet the Sil ent Aircraft noise requirements. The findings point tow ards a multiple turbofan system with a variable geometry exhaust and a novel, embedded installation.
Analysis of Steady Heat Conduction for Rubber Pads of a Tank Track Subjected to Dynamic Loading (2001)

The rubber pads era tank which undergo dynamic deformations with the sufficient amplitudes and frequencies lead to a considerable internal temperature rise due to the heat generation. The heat generation which is dependent on the viscoelastic characteristics or a rubber is due to the conversion of partial mechanical energy into thermal energy identical to the area oi hysteresis loop. Heat generation without adequate heat dissipation leads to heat build-up and the excessive temperature rite exerts a bad influence upon the performance and the life of rubber products. In this paper, temperature distributions of the rubber pads of a tank track subjected to dynamic loads are obtained under the assumption of the steady state. Heat generation rates used in this finite element analysis are acquired through experiments and the computed temperature fields are displayed in isothermal contour regions.
Childhood Cancer in Relation to Cured Meat Intake: Review of the Epidemiological Evidence (1999)

Over the past two decades a series of epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between consumption of cured meats during pregnancy and the subsequent risk of brain tumors, as well as other cancers, in the offspring. The research was prompted in large part by experimental investigations showing that transplacental exposure to certain N-nitroso compounds, i.e., nitrosoureas, could produce brain tumors in laboratory animals. Fourteen such epidemiological studies, 13 of which used the case-control approach, are reviewed here. Most of the studies showed no significant association between total cured meat intake and childhood cancer risk but more found positive than negative relationships. Furthermore, several studies reported significant positive associations for maternal and sometimes childhood or paternal consumption of one or more cured meats, with odds ratios of twofold or greater reported among the highest consumers. On the other hand, a correlation analysis found no positive concordance between temporal trends from the 1970s to 1990s in childhood brain cancer rates and cured meat consumption, inasmuch as cancer rates rose over time while residual nitrite levels in cured meats fell sharply. Because of the potential for bias, especially recall bias, and/or confounding, the relatively weak magnitude of the associations reported, and the inconsistency between study findings, at this time it cannot be concluded that eating cured meat has increased the risk of childhood brain cancer or any other cancers. Moreover, although N-nitroso compounds are sometimes found in cured meats or may be formed endogenously, there is no empirical evidence that eating cured meats results in human neural nitrosourea exposure. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that eating nitrite-cured meats may influence childhood and perhaps adult brain cancer cannot be dismissed. Unbiased evaluation of the hypothesis may derive from the conduct of cohort studies, where the interview-derived information on cured meat intake precedes, or is not otherwise associated with, the diagnosis of cancer.
First Studies of the Transition Metal-Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloadditions of Alkenes and Vinylcyclopropanes:  Scope and Stereochemistry (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFirst Studies of the Transition Metal-Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloadditions of Alkenes and Vinylcyclopropanes: Scope and StereochemistryPaul A. Wender, Craig O. Husfeld, Elke Langkopf, and Jennifer A. LoveView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8, 1940–1941Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1998Publication History Received21 October 1997Published online14 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973650khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973650krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2312Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Alkyls,Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Thermoprotective Mechanisms of Irrigation During Bipolar Cautery (1997)

Bipolar cautery is routinely used in operations of the head and neck, as well as in other specialties, both for dissection and for achieving hemostasis. Whereas simultaneous irrigation is frequently used to minimize neuronal injury, its effectiveness has not been tested under controlled conditions. Our objectives in this study were to test the hypothesis that including irrigation during bipolar cautery is thermoprotective and to identify the mechanisms underlying the thermoprotective effect. The thermoprotective role of irrigation with bipolar cautery was tested in a rat model in which the sciatic nerve was exposed and a 1-second stimulus at 40 or 20 watts was applied with bipolar cautery forceps placed directly on the nerve in the presence or absence of simultaneous irrigation. We used the Sciatic Functional Index as used to quantitate the degree of paresis induced. The results showed that simultaneous irrigation reduced the percentage of animals showing paresis. This effect was significant for animals exposed to 40- and 20-watt cautery. The mechanism for the reduction in the degree of paresis by irrigation could not be attributed to a lowering of the maximal temperature achieved after bipolar cautery. Instead, the thermoprotective mechanism of the irrigation involved an enhanced recovery to basal temperatures when measured at 15 seconds after nerve stimulation with 40 or 20 watts. Reducing the power from 40 watts to 20 watts did not significantly lessen the tissue temperature. The results of this study suggest that irrigation done simultaneously with bipolar cautery enhances temperature recovery to basal levels and plays a role in thermoprotection against the effects of cautery.
Structure, optical and magnetic properties of Ni@Au and Au@Ni nanoparticles synthesized via non-aqueous approaches (2011)

Although the combination of magnetic and noble metals in core-shell nanoparticles is very useful in many applications, the preparation of magnetic-noble bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles with uniform shells remains a great challenge due to large mismatch of crystal lattices between magnetic and noble metals. Herein we present non-aqueous methods for combing Au and Ni in nanoscale to form a core-shell structure. Ni@Au nanoparticles were prepared via an injection-quenching process in which Au precursors decomposed and formed closed shells on pre-formed Ni seeds synthesized in oleylamine, whereas Au@Ni nanoparticles were obtained in a one-step reaction involving a seed-catalyzed mechanism. The formed core-shell structure was confirmed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging along with the analyses of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer were used to characterize the optical and magnetic properties of the as-prepared bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles. Through the adjustment of growth conditions, Ni@Au and Au@Ni nanoparticles with different core or shell dimensions and morphologies were obtained, which offers an important means to tailor their optical and magnetic properties for multiple practical applications.
Bicuculline‐induced brain activation in mice detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (2001)

Dynamic measurements of local changes in relative cerebral blood volume (CBV(rel)) during a pharmacological stimulation paradigm were performed in mice. Using magnetite nanoparticles as an intravascular contrast agent, high-resolution CBV(rel) maps were obtained. Intravenous administration of the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline prompted increases in local CBV(rel) as assessed by MRI with a high spatial resolution of 0.2 x 0.2 mm(2) and a temporal resolution of 21 s. Signal changes occurred 20-30 s after the onset of drug infusion in the somatosensory and motor cortex, followed by other cortical and subcortical structures. The magnitudes of the CBV(rel) increases were 18% +/- 4%, 46% +/- 14%, and 67% +/- 7%, as compared to prestimulation values for the cortex, and 9% +/- 3%, 25% +/- 4%, and 36% +/- 7% for the caudate putamen for bicuculline doses of 0.6, 1.25, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. On-line monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension PtcCO(2) reflecting arterial PaCO(2) did not show any alteration during the stimulation paradigm. One of five of the mice receiving the highest bicuculline dose, and three of seven receiving the intermediate dose displayed a different cortical response pattern. After a CBV(rel) increase of 40% lasting for approximately 1 min, significant CBV(rel)reductions by 80% have been observed. Subcortical structures did not display this behavior. The present study suggests that this noninvasive approach of functional MRI (fMRI) can be applied to study drug-induced brain activation by central nervous system (CNS) drugs in mice under normal and pathological situations.
A one chip VLSI for real time two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2003)

A single-chip two-dimensional discrete cosine transform processor is presented. This chip meets the challenge of high throughput rate (13.5 MHz) and versatility (block size from 4*4 to 16*16, and direct and inverse DCT) with a die area as small as 40 mm/sup 2/. An efficient optimized architecture providing high computation power is described. The chip is found to exhibit excellent precision performances. A full-custom approach was chosen because of the required speed and economic reasons (implementation of a low-cost real-time video coder/decoder). The chip uses a 1.25- mu m CMOS technology and contains 114000 transistors on 5.4*7.5 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Si ∕ Si Ge  n-type resonant tunneling diodes fabricated using in situ hydrogen cleaning (2007)

In situ hydrogen cleaning to reduce the surface segregation of n-type dopants in SiGe epitaxy has been used to fabricate Si∕SiGe resonant tunneling diodes in a joint gas source chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxial system. Diodes fabricated without the in situ clean demonstrate linear current-voltage characteristics, while a 15min hydrogen clean produces negative differential resistance with peak-to-valley current ratios up to 2.2 and peak current densities of 5.0A∕cm2 at 30K. Analysis of the valley current and the band structure of the devices suggest methods for increasing the operating temperature of Si∕SiGe resonant tunneling diodes as required for applications.
UV to NIR Surface Plasmon Coupled and Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence Using Indium Thin Films: Application to Intrinsic (Label-less) Protein Fluorescence Detection (2011)

Surface plasmon coupled fluorescence (SPCF) and metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) over a broad wavelength range from UV to NIR are demonstrated from 20 nm thin indium films. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements of fluorophores deposited on the indium thin films indicate enhancement of the fluorescence intensity along with decreases in decay times, both in MEF and SPCF modes, accompanied by an increase in photostability. MEF was found to be more pronounced for the red emission dye with respect to a blue emission dye. A completely p-polarized directional emission for three fluorophores from a hemicylindrical prism at 44° indicates surface plasmons couple with the near field dipoles at the interface of the indium-sample. The evanescent waves generated at the interface are calculated to penetrate more deeply for longer wavelength excitation with respect to shorter wavelengths, and the penetration depth nearly doubles in comparison to that of the widely used silver thin films. As an application, indium thin films have been used for intrinsic protein chromophore (tryptophan) fluorescence detection. Nearly a 3.5-fold enhancement of intrinsic protein fluorescence along with a decreased decay time and increase in photostability were observed with SPCF. Subsequently, indium thin films can be utilized as a single assay platform in surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS) over a broad spectral range and can potentially be a much better choice than other metallic thin films.
Droplet Microfluidics—A Tool for Single‐Cell Analysis (2012)

Droplet microfluidics allows the isolation of single cells and reagents in monodisperse picoliter liquid capsules and manipulations at a throughput of thousands of droplets per second. These qualities allow many of the challenges in single-cell analysis to be overcome. Monodispersity enables quantitative control of solute concentrations, while encapsulation in droplets provides an isolated compartment for the single cell and its immediate environment. The high throughput allows the processing and analysis of the tens of thousands to millions of cells that must be analyzed to accurately describe a heterogeneous cell population so as to find rare cell types or access sufficient biological space to find hits in a directed evolution experiment. The low volumes of the droplets make very large screens economically viable. This Review gives an overview of the current state of single-cell analysis involving droplet microfluidics and offers examples where droplet microfluidics can further biological understanding.
Evolution of the local structure with hydrogenation in Ti-Zr-Ni quasicrystals and approximants (2002)

The effect of hydrogenation on the local structure of Ti-Zr-Ni alloys has been studied by means of extended x-ray absorption fine structure. The alloys were either icosahedral quasicrystals or crystalline approximants. They were loaded to different hydrogen-to-metal ratios 1.2⩽ H/M ⩽1.7. The desorption process was also investigated by studying the local order in an alloy charged to H/M = 1.2 then desorbed to H/M =0.84. The local structure was identical in the crystalline and quasicrystalline alloys with the same H/M ratio (0 or 1.2) and that of the desorbed sample was intermediate between that of the non-hydrogenated samples and that of the samples charged to 1.2. Therefore, it is possible to follow the evolution of the local structure with hydrogenation from H/M = 0 to 1.7. A general increase of all the mean first distances was found except for the Zr-Ni (Ni-Zr) one. There is a remarkable inversion of the atomic subshells of titanium and nickel in the first environment of zirconium atoms around H/M = 1. For the 1.56 hydrogenated sample, the effect of adding a small amount of lead, which stabilizes the icosahedral phase, was studied and it was demonstrated that lead atoms substitute for the nickel atoms and are, therefore, incorporated into the quasilattice.
Electronic Structure and Spectra of Acrylic Acid in the Vapor and Condensed Phases (1976)

Abstract Near and vacuum UV absorption spectra of acrylic acid were measured at room temperature in the vapor phase and at 77 K in the condensed phase. From a comparative study of the observed spectra, a Rydberg excitation band was observed at 7.46 eV in addition to valence-shell transition bands. The estimated value of the quantum defect (δ=1.01) indicates that the Rydberg orbital is 3s. A new modified CNDO-CI method applicable to planar molecules was developed and applied to acrylic acid to investigate the valence-shell transitions, the observed bands at ∼5.0 and 6.71 eV being assigned to the transitions to the n-π* and π-π*, respectively.
Melting of two-dimensional tunable-diameter colloidal crystals (2008)

Melting of two-dimensional colloidal crystals is studied by video microscopy. The samples were composed of microgel spheres whose diameters could be temperature tuned, and whose pair potentials were measured to be short ranged and repulsive. We observed two-step melting from the crystal to a hexatic phase and from the hexatic to the liquid phase as a function of the temperature-tunable volume fraction. The translational and orientational susceptibilities enabled us to definitively determine the phase transition points, avoiding ambiguities inherent in other analyses and resolving a "dislocation precursor stage" in the solid phase that some of the traditional analyses may incorrectly associate with the hexatic phase. A prefreezing stage of the liquid with ordered patches was also found.
Depletion of NEAT1 lncRNA attenuates nucleolar stress by releasing sequestered P54nrb and PSF to facilitate c-Myc translation (2017)

Altered expression of NEAT1, the architectural long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of nuclear paraspeckles, has been reported during tumorigenesis, as well as under various cellular stress conditions. Here we report that the depletion of NEAT1 lncRNA alleviates nucleolar stress during RNAP I inhibition through releasing sequestered P54nrb and PSF to facilitate the IRES-dependent translation of c-Myc. RNAP I inhibitor CX5461 disrupts the SL1-rDNA interaction and induces nucleolar disruption, demonstrated by the accumulation of fibrillarin-containing nucleoplasmic foci and nucleolar clearance of ribosomal proteins in HeLa cells. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated depletion of NEAT1 lncRNA significantly attenuated the RNAP I inhibition and its related nucleolar disruption. Interestingly, induction in the levels of c-Myc protein was observed in NEAT1-depeleted cells under RNAP I inhibition. NEAT1-associated paraspeckle proteins P54nrb and PSF have been reported as positive regulators of c-Myc translation through interaction with c-Myc IRES. Indeed, an increased association of P54nrb and PSF with c-Myc mRNA was observed in NEAT1-depleted cells. Moreover, apoptosis was observed in HeLa cells depleted of P54nrb and PSF, further confirming the positive involvement of P54nrb and PSF in cell proliferation. Together, our results suggest that NEAT1 depletion rescues CX5461-induced nucleolar stress through facilitating c-Myc translation by relocating P54nrb/PSF from nuclear paraspeckles to c-Myc mRNAs.
X-ray analysis of mesoporous silica thin films templated by Brij58 surfactant (2010)

The structural optimization of highly mesoporous silica thin film templated with Brij58 is reported in this paper. The best conditions for obtaining well organized films are studied as a function of the concentration of surfactant, the relative humidity (RH) and the aging time of the solutions used in the dip-coating process. We first show on the basis of the results obtained by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments on the binary system Brij58/water that the structure of the films determined by grazing incidence (GI) SAXS experiments can be explained according to a specific equation involving the initial masses of the sol constituents. Then the structural properties of the films are investigated by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and GISAXS before and after removing the surfactant. The mesoporosities and morphology of the films are determined by analyzing the reflectivity curves of the highly ordered silica thin films in the cubic phase.
ONTARGET et au-delà (2008)

Auteur(s) : Ariel Cohen, Catherine Meuleman, Stephane Ederhy, Franck Boccara Hopital Saint-Antoine, Service de cardiologie, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris L’angiotensine II, puissant vasoconstricteur est issu d’une cascade enzymatique dans laquelle l’angiotensinogene, produit par le foie est transforme par la renine en angiotensine I, puis par l’enzyme de conversion, enzyme ubiquitaire, en angiotensine II et circulante et tissulaire ; puissant vasoconstricteur [...]