gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility of plutonium and waste evaporation (1993)

Chemical processing of irradiated reactor elements at the Savannah River Site separates uranium, plutonium and fission products; fission products and process-added chemicals are mixed with an excess of NaOH and discharged as a basic slurry into large underground tanks for temporary storage. The slurry is composed of base-insoluble solids that settle to the bottom of the tank; the liquid supemate contains a mixture of base-soluble chemicals--nitrates, nitrites aluminate, sulfate, etc. To conserve space in the waste tanks, the supemate is concentrated by evaporation. As the evaporation proceeds, the solubilities of some components are exceeded, and these species crystallize from solution. Normally, these components are soluble in the hot solution discharged from the waste tank evaporator and do not crystallize until the solution cools. However, concern was aroused at West Valley over the possibility that plutonium would precipitate and accumulate in the evaporator, conceivably to the point that a nuclear accident was possible. There is also a concern at SRS from evaporation of sludge washes, which arise from washing the base-insoluble solids ({open_quote}sludge{close_quote}) with ca. 1M NaOH to reduce the Al and S0{sub 4}{sup {minus}2} content. The sludge washes of necessity extract a low level of Pu from the sludge and are evaporated to reduce their volume, presenting the possibility of precipitating Pu. Measurements of the solubility of Pu in synthetic solutions of similar composition to waste supernate and sludge washes are described in this report.
Siwi cooperates with Par-1 kinase to resolve the autoinhibitory effect of Papi for Siwi-piRISC biogenesis (2022)

Bombyx Papi acts as a scaffold for Siwi-piRISC biogenesis on the mitochondrial surface. Papi binds first to Siwi via the Tudor domain and subsequently to piRNA precursors loaded onto Siwi via the K-homology (KH) domains. This second action depends on phosphorylation of Papi. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that Siwi targets Par-1 kinase to Papi to phosphorylate Ser547 in the auxiliary domain. This modification enhances the ability of Papi to bind Siwi-bound piRNA precursors via the KH domains. The Papi S547A mutant bound to Siwi, but evaded phosphorylation by Par-1, abrogating Siwi-piRISC biogenesis. A Papi mutant that lacked the Tudor and auxiliary domains escaped coordinated regulation by Siwi and Par-1 and bound RNAs autonomously. Another Papi mutant that lacked the auxiliary domain bound Siwi but did not bind piRNA precursors. A sophisticated mechanism by which Siwi cooperates with Par-1 kinase to promote Siwi-piRISC biogenesis was uncovered.
Covering Intersecting Bi-set Families under Matroid Constraints (2016)

Edmonds's fundamental theorem on arborescences in [J. Edmonds, Edge-disjoint branchings, in Combinatorial Algorithms, Courant Comput. Sci. Sympos. 9, Algorithmics Press, New York, 1973, pp. 91--96] characterizes the existence of $k$ pairwise arc-disjoint spanning arborescences with the same root in a directed graph. In [L. Lovász, J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. B, 21 (1976), pp. 96--103], Lovász gave an elegant alternative proof which became the basis of many extensions of Edmonds's result. In this paper, we use a modification of Lovász's method to prove a theorem on covering intersecting bi-set families under matroid constraints. Our result can be considered as an extension of previous results on packing arborescences. We also investigate the algorithmic aspects of the problem and present a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the corresponding optimization problem.
The effect of brain tumor angiogenesis on the in vivo relationship between the gradient‐echo relaxation rate change (ΔR2*) and contrast agent (MION) dose (2003)

The gradient-echo calibration factor, k(G), is the same for brain gray and white matter, but not the same for brain and tumor tissue. This difference may be attributed to the grossly different vascular morphology of tumors, dueto tumor angiogenesis, compared to normal brain and/or possibly differing blood rheological factors such as hematocrit. Consequently, the sensitivity to blood volume differences between tumor and normal brain tissue may be lessened when using gradient-echo susceptibility contrast agent methods.
Mapping of complex fractionated atrial electrograms as target sites for AF ablation (2011)

The myriad pathologies leading to and resulting from atrial fibrillation (AF) have led to many theories regarding how substrate should be defined and how to reconcile substrate ablation with trigger ablation. The identification of spatiotemporally stable areas of very low amplitude short cycle length CFAE in a sea of otherwise discrete normal amplitude and relatively longer cycle length electrograms led to ablate the complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) as a marker of abnormal substrate. This pure substrate-based ablation strategy has shown promising result of benefit in stroke and mortality reduction in high-risk patients. In this review which has been modified and abridged from the recent publication on this subject [1], we discuss the prevailing mechanisms underlying CFAE, how to map and ablate CFAE sites, correlation of CFAE areas to those of ganglionic plexi, clinical outcomes of the approach, and the controversy surrounding targeting CFAE as substrate sites for AF ablation.
Total Synthesis of Umuravumbolide and Hyptolide Through Silicon‐Tethered Ring‐Closing Metathesis (2013)

Abstract The total synthesis of umuravumbolide and hyptolide has been achieved in a efficient manner by using temporary silicon‐tethered ring‐closing metathesis and cross‐coupling reactions as key steps. The stereogenic centres were generated by means of proline‐catalysed α‐aminoxylation of aldehydes and Brown's asymmetric allylation method.
Reversible impairment of the ku80 gene by a recyclable marker in Aspergillus aculeatus (2013)

Auxotrophic mutants of Aspergillus can be isolated in the presence of counter-selective compounds, but the process is laborious. We developed a method to enable reversible impairment of the ku80 gene (Aaku80) in the imperfect fungus Aspergillus aculeatus. Aaku80 was replaced with a selection marker, orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrG), followed by excision of pyrG between direct repeats (DR) to yield the Aaku80 deletion mutant (MR12). The gene-targeting efficiency at the ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argB) locus was drastically elevated from 3% to 96% in MR12. The frequency of marker recycling depended on DR length. One uridine auxotroph was obtained from 3.3 × 105, 1.4 × 105, and 9.2 × 103 conidia from strains harboring 20-, 98-, and 495-bp DRs, respectively. Because these strains maintained the short DRs after 5 d of cultivation, we investigated whether Aaku80 function was disrupted by pyrG insertion with the 20-bp DR and restored after excision of pyrG. The Aaku80 disruption mutant (coku80) was bred by inserting pyrG sandwiched between 20-bp DRs into the second intron of Aaku80, followed by excision of pyrG between the DRs to yield the coku80rec strain. Analyses of homologous recombination frequency and methyl methanesulfonate sensitivity demonstrated that Aaku80 function was disrupted in coku80 but restored in coku80rec. Furthermore, pyrG was maintained in coku80 at least for ten generations. These data indicated that reversible impairment of ku80 in A. aculeatus is useful for functional genomics in cases where genetic segregation is not feasible.
Chest physiotherapy and porencephalic brain lesions in very preterm infants (2001)

Encephaloclastic porencephaly emerged as a problem at a time when the use of chest physiotherapy had decreased. The cluster of cases seen between 1992 and 1994, although associated with the number of chest physiotherapy treatments given, began to appear because of some other factor.
Dentin treatment with an oxalate solution and glass ionomer bond strength. (1994)

In every instance, the oxalate solution significantly reduced the shear bond strength of both materials.
A/I Net: a network that integrates ATM and IP (1999)

Future networks need both connectionless and connection-oriented services. IP and ATM are major examples of the two types. Connectionless IP is more efficient for browsing, e-mail, and other non-real-time services; but for services demanding quality and real-time delivery, connection-oriented ATM is a much better candidate. Given the popularity of the Internet and the established status of ATM as the broadband transport standard, it is unlikely that one can replace the other. Therefore, the challenge we face lies in finding an efficient way to integrate the two. This article describes a research project reflecting this trend. The project aims at efficient integration of the two to eliminate the deficiencies of a standalone ATM or IP network.
Dialysis-free survival after surgical repair of ischemic nephropathy (2002)

For high-risk patients who do not achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C levels, more intensive treatment including statin-uptitration to higher doses or potency, as well as combination therapy may be considered. A better understanding of statin treatment patterns in real-world clinical practice may contribute to improved lipid-lowering management in these patients.We determined treatment pattern changes among patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease who were not at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal on statin monotherapy.Treatment pattern changes were evaluated among patients newly initiated on statins between January 1, 2006, and August 31, 2009, in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database. Rates and mean time to first and second treatment changes were examined in patients with claims for coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), and diabetes mellitus during 12 months before index, who were not at LDL-C <70 mg/dL at their first-eligible LDL-C test (≥4 weeks after index). Therapy change was assessed for 12 months after the LDL-C result.Of 11,473 eligible subjects, 61.3% had diabetes, 26.6% had CHD and AVD, and 12.1% had CHD and AVD and diabetes. At index, patients were prescribed medium-potency levels of statins, including simvastatin (44.7%), atorvastatin (31.5%), and other statins (23.8%). Mean ± SD LDL-C before statin initiation was 138 ± 34 mg/dL, and at the first-eligible LDL-C result after index, it was 101 ± 25 mg/dL. During follow-up, 7444 subjects (64.9%) experienced a first treatment change, with mean time to change of 93.8 ± 92 days, whereas 4029 (36.1%) had no treatment change. Discontinuation of index therapy occurred in 46.9% of subjects and medication switches or titration in 18.0% (index statin titration, switch to other statins, other lipid-lowering therapies [LLT], including ezetimibe). Of the discontinuers, 27.4% restarted LLT. Of subjects with a first treatment change who did not discontinue, 48.9% experienced a second therapy change. Results were similar between the 3 high-risk groups.In this managed-care setting, among patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease who were not at LDL-C goal, statins were usually started at medium-potency doses without being titrated up, whereas nearly one-half had a discontinuation of LLT within 12 months. These treatment patterns indicate the need for better patient and provider education as well as other system-wide modifications to improve medication adherence.
Electromigration in two-level interconnect structures with Al alloy lines and W studs (1992)

It is demonstrated that electromigration testing needs to be performed in structures that reflect use conditions, such as when there is a flux divergence as provided by the W stud-Al(Cu) interface rather than in a simple planar structure. The Al(Cu)/W interface has been investigated using both drift velocity and resistometric techniques with pure Al, Al(0.5 wt. % Cu) and Al(2 wt. % Cu) lines on W studs for interlevel connections. It is shown that the mass depletion can be correlated to the resistance change and electromigration failure in line/stud chains. A new effect is demonstrated in that a critical length of Al has to be depleted on Cu before the Al can migrate; when such migration starts the Al catches up with the Cu rich region, leading to slower motion and the production of extrusions which will also cause failures by shorting to adjacent lines.
Overexpression of FasL in retinal pigment epithelial cells reduces choroidal neovascularization (2006)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is responsible for the severe visual loss in age-related macular degeneration. CNV formation is considered to be due to an imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors that lead to neovascular growth from the choriocapillaris into the subretinal space. To define whether FasL overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) can inhibit choroidal neovascularization through Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis, we examined the role of this pathway in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. FasL was expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium of transgenic mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the transgene FasL was specifically expressed in RPE. The established laser model was used to induce choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice. CNV formation was compared with respect to fluorescein angiographic leakage (at days 0 and 14 after laser injury) and histological appearance. The lesions were assessed on RPE-choroidal flatmounts after CD31-labeling and with confocal microscopy after perfusion with rhodamine-labeled concanavalin A (Con A). Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL positivity and caspase activation. FasL mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the RPE of the transgenic mice before and after laser photocoagulation. In contrast, FasL was only weakly expressed in the RPE layer of WT C57BL/6J mice. While ruptures of Bruch's membrane and CNV formation were observed histologically two weeks after laser photocoagulation in transgenic as well as control eyes, the shape and size of CNV lesions were reduced in the transgenic mice. The area of leakage was decreased by 70% in FasL transgenic mice compared with WT mice (P<0.005). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was greater in FasL-overexpressing mice and correlated with the expression of activated caspases. Th expression of other antiangiogenic factors such as PEDF remained unchanged. The specific overexpression of FasL in RPE layer reduced CNV formation in our laser model. Our results strongly point to the FasL-Fas pathway as a potential therapeutic target in controlling pathological choroidal neovascularization.
Application and comparison of lyophilisation protocols to enhance stable long-term storage of filovirus pseudotypes for use in antibody neutralisation tests (2022)

ABSTRACT Filoviruses encompass highly pathogenic viruses placing sporadic public health burden on countries affected. Efforts for improved diagnostics and surveillance are needed considering the recent Ebola outbreaks in Africa. The need for high containment facilities can be circumvented by the use of pseudotype viruses (PV), which can be handled in low containment, for tropism, drug screening, vaccine immunogenicity and serosurveillance studies. In this study we assessed stability and functionality after long-term storage of lyophilised filovirus pseudotypes for use in neutralisation assays. Lyophilised Ebola and Marburg PVs retained production titres for at least two years when stored at +4°C or less. Lyophilised Ebola PVs performed similarly to non-lyophilised PVs in neutralisation assays after reconstitution. When stored at high temperatures (+37°C), lyophilised PVs did not retain titres after one-month storage, however, when lyophilised using pilot scale facilities EBOV PVs retained titres and performed well in neutralisation assays after one-month storage at 37°C suggesting removing residual moisture might be crucial for avoiding cold-chain transportation. Lyophilisation could allow reagents to be transported more efficiently as well as reducing costs for a future serological kit.
Toward an unbiased evolutionary platform for unraveling Xenopus developmental gene networks (2011)

The availability of both the Xenopus tropicalis genome and the soon to be released Xenopus laevis genome provides a solid foundation for Xenopus developmental biologists. The Xenopus community has presently amassed expression data for ∼2,300 genes in the form of published images collected in the Xenbase, the principal Xenopus research database. A few of these genes have been examined in both X. tropicalis and X. laevis and the cross-species comparison has been proven invaluable for studying gene function. A recently published work has yielded developmental expression profiles for the majority of Xenopus genes across fourteen developmental stages spanning the blastula, gastrula, neurula, and the tail-bud. While this data was originally queried for global evolutionary and developmental principles, here we demonstrate its general use for gene-level analyses. In particular, we present the accessibility of this dataset through Xenbase and describe biases in the characterized genes in terms of sequence and expression conservation across the two species. We further indicate the advantage of examining coexpression for gene function discovery relating to developmental processes conserved across species. We suggest that the integration of additional large-scale datasets--comprising diverse functional data--into Xenbase promises to provide a strong foundation for researchers in elucidating biological processes including the gene regulatory programs encoding development.
Secure Mobile Application Development (2013)

The author reviews how and why threat models differ between mobile applications and traditional Web applications and discusses a few of the best practices associated with secure mobile development.
Nouvelle voie d'accès à des bislactames de type Meyer par réaction Domino (2012)

International audience
Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype (2013)

The main risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, age and the ε4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE4), might modify the metabolism of n-3 PUFAs and in turn, their impact on cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fat and plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in elderly persons, taking the APOE4 genotype into account. The sample was composed of 1,135 participants from the Three-City study aged 65 years and over, of whom 19% were APOE4 carriers. Mean plasma proportions of EPA [1.01%, standard deviation (SD) 0.60] and DHA (2.41%, SD 0.81) did not differ according to APOE4. In multivariate models, plasma EPA increased with frequency of fish consumption (P < 0.0001), alcohol intake (P = 0.0006), and female gender (P = 0.02), and decreased with intensive consumption of n-6 oils (P = 0.02). The positive association between fish consumption and plasma DHA was highly significant whatever the APOE genotype (P < 0.0001) but stronger in APOE4 noncarriers than in carriers (P = 0.06 for interaction). Plasma DHA increased significantly with age (P = 0.009) in APOE4 noncarriers only. These findings suggest that dietary habits, gender, and APOE4 genotype should be considered when designing interventions to increase n-3 PUFA blood levels in older people.
An RNN With Small Sequence Trained by Multi-Level Optimization for SOC Estimation in Li-Ion Battery Applications (2023)

To ensure safe operation, the high-precision estimation of the state of charge (SOC) in the battery management system (BMS) is relied on. The classical recurrent neural network (RNN) has a gradient and poor accuracy problem, and the RNN with additional gates is complex and hard to apply in engineering. To address these issues, the RNN with small sequence trained by multi-level optimization is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy and the gradient problem of the SOC estimation. First, the small sequence is introduced to improve the gradient problem and running speed of RNN and the SOC post filter is used to increase the continuity of SOC estimation. Then, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to pre-train the RNN to obtain the optimal weight and threshold value, and the hybrid optimizer of Adam and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is utilized to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation. The experimental data of the charging and discharging test, and the performances of the proposed method, the nonlinear autoregressive with exogeneous inputs neural network (NARX), RNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) for estimating the SOC of lithium batteries are compared. The results show that the estimation error of the RNN is within 3.66% and that of NARX is within 6%, and the proposed method, LSTM, and GRU reduce the error to 0.47%, 1.04%, and 0.48%, respectively. Moreover, the calculation time of the proposed method is 1/3 and 1/9 of that of LSTM and GRU. Besides, the proposed method is robust to different vehicle cycles, measurement noises, temperature variations, and battery aging.
Progress in synthesis and application of segmented polymers (1994)

Abstract Tailor‐made segmented polymers play a key role in the development of novel polymeric materials exhibiting unsual bulk and surface properties. As a function of molecular architectures of segmented polymers, it is possible to control polymer morphologies and to achieve property synergisms. Selected examples are presented to illustrate basic concepts and recent developments. Segmented reactive liquid rubbers, containing an immiscible silicone segment flanked by two miscible oligo(caprolactone) segments, are efficient epoxy toughening agents. In such nano‐phase‐separated silicone‐modified IPNs impact strength is improved without sacrificing dimensional stability. Compatibilized blends of segmented phenolic polyurethane and nitrile liquid rubbers produce rubber blend microphases dispersed in epoxy prepregs which are used to bond aluminum sheets in structural laminates. Reactive blending technologies are developed to produce segmented polymers as blend compatibilizers during melt processing, e.g., of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends. Incorporation of oligo(tetrafluoroethene) segments into various condensation polymers modifies thermal and mechanical properties as well as surface tension and gas permeabilities.
Transcriptional Profiling of γδ T Cells (2003)

Evolutionarily well-conserved, γδ T cells may have been precursors to modern B and αβ T cells ([1][1]). γδ T cells are distinct from αβ T cells, in part, by the genes that encode their TCRs, their ability to recognize Ag in the absence of classical MHC Ag presentation, and their role in
Rearrangement of the human ABL oncogene in a glioblastoma. (1990)

A number of protooncogenes have been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The ABL oncogene is consistently rearranged and activated as a consequence of the translocation t(9;22) that gives rise to the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia and in some cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we describe rearrangement of ABL in a different type of malignancy. The glioblastoma cell line A172 lacks germline alleles of ABL. A recombination event, presumably followed by a duplication, has created two ABL alleles in which exon 11 is joined to chromosome 16 sequences. Although the main body of ABL exons was still present, two considerably shortened ABL mRNAs of 3.8 and 2.8 kilobases were detected; the 3.8-kilobase mRNA hybridized exclusively to an exon IB probe. Neither mRNA hybridized to an ABL probe encompassing part of the tyrosine kinase domain. Thus, the cell line A172 is able to survive in the absence of a functional ABL gene product, indicating that the role of ABL is unlikely to be "housekeeping."