gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low complexity turbo space-time code for system with large number of antennas (2002)

We consider the design of a space-time code for a system with large number of antennas using a serial turbo code structure with a parity cheek code as the outer code under a quasistatic and independent Rayleigh fading environment. By studying the case with a large number of receive antennas, we have proven that interference between different transmit antennas vanishes as the number of receive antennas approaches infinity. The design of a code can then be largely simplified by dividing the antennas into groups, using a small space-time code on each group. An outer code is added to allow each information bit to fully utilize the full range of antenna diversity and to be benefited from all the space-time codes. Dividing the overall system into groups enables a trade off between complexity and performance. This scheme has been investigated for systems with 5 receive antennas and 2 or 4 transmit antennas. Simulation results showed that the system performance in terms of the frame error rate degrades only slightly when both the data rate and the number of transmit antennas are doubled while keeping the received energy per bit at the receiver constant.
Tempol, a Superoxide Dismutase-Mimetic Drug, Ameliorates Progression of Renal Disease in CKD Mice (2015)

Tempol administration attenuated renal injury in CKD mice through NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad3, redox-senstive EGFR activation and c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathways.
Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) microspheres for the sustained release of 5-fluorouracil. (2001)

Biodegradable microspheres were prepared with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 85:15 by mole ratio of hydroxybutyrate to hydroxyvalerate) by an water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W), oil-in-water (O/W) and oil-in-oil (O/O) solvent evaporation method for the sustained release of anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with controlling the fabrication conditions. The shape of microspheres prepared was relatively rough due to highly crystalline property of PHBV and spherical. The efficiency of 5-FU loading into the PHBV microsphere with O/O method was over 80% compared to that 7% for microspheres by O/W method and below 1% for microspheres by a conventional W/O/W method. However, the most desirable release pattern can be achieved from the O/W method due to the cosolvent effect. The effects of preparation conditions such as the type and amount of surfactant, initial amount of loaded drug, the temperature of solvent evaporation, and etc. on the morphology for W/O/W method were investigated. Possible mechanisms of the desirable sustained release pattern for O/W system have been proposed.
Air Filter Efficiency of Flash Spinning and Melt blowing Nanofiber Non-woven fabric (2020)

In the present paper, we investigated the filtration efficiency of polymeric nanofibers mass-produced by modified melt blowing and flash spinning methods. First, the filtration performance of the fiber was experimentally tested by varying the following parameters—fiber thicknesses, filling rate, and fiber diameter. And then, the CFD flow-analyzing software was used to simulate the pressure loss and flow resistivity. Furthermore, a three-direction physical model was proposed and used to calculate the gap size of fibers with different diameters but equal filling rate under the assumption of fibers which always have uniform distribution in 3-dimension. As a result, it can be confirmed that the tried produced filter shows very excellent filtration ability and the investigated data can be used for making nonwoven fabrics that can then be set as a standard for producing high-performance filters and face masks.
Acoustic Journals and Acoustic Research Activities (1988)

***** Beginning with various dictionary definitions, the maverick behavior of the discipline of acoustics is examined through anafysis of the frequency of subjects in the Journal of the Acoustical Sociery of Arnen”ca, the citation comections of the core journsds of acoustics, and the clustering of research patxrs. A deftition based on recent trends in acoustic research is proposed. However, a hktoricat ;e;iew of acoustics is also provided.
The e language: a fresh separation of concerns (2002)

The e programming language enjoys widespread use in the microchip industry with applications to specification, modeling, testing and verification of hardware systems and their operating environments. Unique features of e include a combination of object oriented and constraint oriented mechanisms for the specification of data formats and interdependencies, interesting mechanisms of inheritance, and an efficient combination of interpreted and compiled code. Since the language is also extensible it serves as a living, industrial scale, implementation and application of the aspect oriented programming paradigm. This paper briefly describes the e language highlighting its novel features and their particular suitability to the task of hardware verification, and reports on our experience of aspect oriented programming in this intense commercial setting.
Expression of the Hevea brasiliensis (H.B.K.) Mull. Arg. 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase 1 in Tobacco Results in Sterol Overproduction (1995)

A genomic fragment encoding one (HMGR1) of the three 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases (HMGRs) from Hevea brasiliensis (H.B.K.) Mull. Arg. (M.-L. Chye, C.-T. Tan, N.-H. Chua [1992] Plant Mol Biol 19: 473-484) was introduced into Nicotiana tabacum L. cv xanthi via Agrobacterium transformation to study the influence of the hmg1 gene product on plant isoprenoid biosynthesis. Transgenic plants were morphologically indistinguishable from control wild-type plants and displayed the same developmental pattern. Transgenic lines showed an increase in the level of total sterols up to 6-fold, probably because of an increased expression level of hmg1 mRNA and a corresponding increased enzymatic activity for HMGR, when compared with the level of total sterols from control lines not expressing the hmg1 transgene. In addition to the pathway end products, campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol, some biosynthetic intermediates such as cycloartenol also accumulated in transgenic tissues. Most of the overproduced sterols were detected as steryl-esters and were likely to be stored in cytoplasmic lipid bodies. These data strongly support the conclusion that plant HMGR is a key limiting enzyme in phytosterol biosynthesis.
The chemokine receptor CXCR2 contributes to murine adipocyte development (2018)

Abstract Chemokines are members of a large family of chemotactic cytokines that signal through their receptors to mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation and homeostasis. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 has largely been associated with neutrophil recruitment. However, there is emerging evidence of roles for chemokines and their receptors in processes other than leukocyte migration. We have previously demonstrated that CXCR2 KO mice have thinner skin compared to wild type mice. Herein we demonstrate that this is due to a thinner subcutaneous adipose layer, as a result of fewer and smaller individual adipocytes. We observe a similar phenotype in other fat depots and present data that suggests this may be due to reduced expression of adipogenesis related genes associated with adipocyte specific CXCR2 signalling. Interestingly, this phenotype is evident in female, but not male, CXCR2 KO mice. These findings expand our understanding of non-leukocyte related chemokine receptor functions and help to explain some previously observed adipose-related phenotypes in CXCR2 KO mice.
Novel high-temperature Calvet-type calorimeter for investigating metal-water reactions (1995)

The initial operation of a Calvet-type calorimeter is reported. The instrument has been designed specifically to study lithium and lithium compound reactions with water at an elevated temperature. Additionally, the calorimeter test section incorporates an environment that resembles actual application conditions. Calibration procedures are explained for three important parts of the instrument, including (1) introduction of the water sample, (2) analysis of the effluent gas, and (3) measurement of the heat of reaction. Ten measurements of the heat of the lithium oxide-water reaction yielded values from 110 to 140 kJ/mol H2O and averaged 124 kJ/mol H2O. The average is in perfect agreement with the theoretical heat value computed utilizing JANAF thermochemical data.
The Cytoplasmic Tail of Large Conductance, Voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (MaxiK) Channel Is Necessary for Its Cell Surface Expression (2003)

The large conductance, voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (MaxiK) is expressed in several renal segments and functions in cell volume regulation and flow-mediated K(+) secretion. Previously, we cloned two MaxiK channel isoforms, named rbslo1 and rbslo2, from rabbit renal cells. rbslo1 has a 58-amino acid insertion after the S8 hydrophobic domain, whereas rbslo2 is truncated and cannot be activated. Here we use the sequence differences between the two variants to examine their plasma membrane processing. Plasma membrane localization of rbslo1 and 2 expressed in HEK293 cells was assayed by electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and biochemistry studies. Consistent with its functional silence, rbslo2 localized primarily within the cytoplasm, presumably in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi region. Coexpression with MaxiK beta subunits did not alter the cellular localization of either rbslo1 or rbslo2. When rbslo1 and 2 are cotransfected in non-polarized cells, they colocalized primarily within the cell with only rbslo1 detected at the plasma membrane. When transfected into polarized, medullary-thick ascending limb (mTAL) cells, rbslo1 is expressed at the apical membrane whereas the majority of rbslo2 localized throughout the cytoplasm. Given the high degree of similarity between the two isoforms, we conclude that the cytoplasmic tail of rbslo1 is important for the cell surface expression of MaxiK channels.
Studies on 2-Substituted Thiazolines. L. Reaction with Cyanoacetic Acid (1973)

2-Substituted thiazokines (IIa-d) were prepared from 2-thiothiazokidone. IIa-d were converted to 2-(ethoxycarbonylcyanomethylene) thiazolidine (III) and its N-acetate and N-methyl derivative. Thiolester analogs of III were obtained by the reaction of IIa-d and cyanoacetic acid in acetic anhydride.
HIV Fusion Inhibitor Peptide T-1249 Is Able To Insert or Adsorb to Lipidic Bilayers. Putative Correlation with Improved Efficiency (2004)

T-1249 is a HIV fusion inhibitor peptide under clinical trials. Its interaction with biological membrane models (large unilamellar vesicles) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. A gp41 peptide that includes one of the hydrophobic terminals of T-1249 was also studied. Both peptides partition extensively to liquid-crystalline POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) (DeltaG = -7.0 kcal/mol and -8.7 kcal/mol, for T-1249 and terminal peptide, respectively) and are located at the interface of the membrane. T-1249 is essentially in a random coil conformation in this lipidic medium, although a small alpha-helix contribution is present. When other lipid compositions are used (DPPC, POPG + POPC, and POPC + cholesterol) (DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)), partition decreases, the most severe effect being the presence of cholesterol. Partition experiments and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis show that T-1249 adsorbs to cholesterol-rich membranes. The improved clinical efficiency of T-1249 relative to enfuvirtide (T20) may be related to its bigger partition coefficient and ability to adsorb to rigid lipidic areas on the cell surface, where most receptors are inserted. Moreover, adsorption to the sterol-rich viral membrane helps to increase the local concentration of the inhibitor peptide at the fusion site.
Applying anatomical optical coherence tomography to quantitative 3D imaging of the lower airway (2008)

Endoscopic treatment of lower airway pathologies requires accurate quantification of airway dimensions. We demonstrate the application of a real-time endoscopic optical coherence tomography system that can image lower airway anatomy and quantify airway lumen dimensions intra-operatively. Results demonstrate the ability to acquire 3D scans of airway anatomy and include comparison against a pre-operative X-ray CT. The paper also illustrates the capability of the system to assess the real-time dynamic changes within the airway that occur during respiration.
A benchmark of structural variation detection by long reads through a realistic simulated model (2020)

ABSTRACT Despite the rapid evolution of new sequencing technologies, structural variation detection remains poorly ascertained. The high discrepancy between the results of structural variant analysis programs makes it difficult to assess their performance on real datasets. Accurate simulations of structural variation distributions and sequencing data of the human genome are crucial for the development and benchmarking of new tools. In order to gain a better insight into the detection of structural variation with long sequencing reads, we created a realistic simulated model to thoroughly compare SV detection methods and the impact of the chosen sequencing technology and sequencing depth. To achieve this, we developed Sim-it, a straightforward tool for the simulation of both structural variation and long-read data. These simulations from Sim-it revealed the strengths and weaknesses for current available structural variation callers and long read sequencing platforms. Our findings were also supported by the latest structural variation benchmark set developed by the GIAB Consortium. With these findings, we developed a new method (combiSV) that can combine the results from five different SV callers into a superior call set with increased recall and precision. Both Sim-it and combiSV are open source and can be downloaded at https://github.com/ndierckx/ .
Relationship Between the Upper Limit of Vulnerability Determined in Normal Sinus Rhythm and the Defihrillation Threshold in Patients with Implantahle Cardioverter Defihrillators (1998)

The upper limit of vulnerability is the strength above which ventricular fibrillation is no longer inducible with a shock delivered during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle. It has been demonstrated that the upper limit of vulnerability correlates with the defibrillation threshold in a paced rhythm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of the upper limit of vulnerability determined in normal sinus rhythm with the defibrillation threshold using a simplified protocol in patients undergoing placement of an ICD. We studied 28 patients who underwent ICD implantation. CPI generators and Endotak leads were used in all patients. Device-based testing was used to determined the defibrillation threshold and the upper limit of vulnerability. The upper limit of vulnerability was tested with three shocks delivered at 0, 20, and 40 ms before the peak of the T wave during normal sinus rhythm. The defibrillation threshold was determined by a simple step up-down protocol. The upper limit of vulnerability (9.0 +/- 4.5 J) did not significantly differ from the defibrillation threshold (9.9 +/- 4.0 J), P = NS. A close correlation was present, correlation coefficient = 0.75, P < 0.0001. The upper limit of vulnerability was within 5 J of the defibrillation threshold in 27 (96%) of the 28 patients. The upper limit of vulnerability underestimated the defibrillation threshold by 10 J in one patient who had a defibrillation threshold of 15 J. The upper limit of vulnerability determined in normal sinus rhythm correlates significantly with the defibrillation threshold in patients undergoing ICD implantation. The protocol is simple and easily implemented clinically.
Growth hormone receptor antagonist administration inhibits growth of human colorectal carcinoma in nude mice. (2005)

Increasing evidence has accumulated in support of the hypothesis that growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a role in carcinogenesis. In order to test this hypothesis, female nude mice were xenografted with two different human colorectal cancer cell lines (COLO 205 and HT-29) and randomized to receive placebo or a GH receptor antagonist (GHRA) (B2036-PEG) every second day for 16 days. The tumour volume was measured in each animal throughout the study and by the end of the experiment the tumour weights were recorded. After 16 days of therapy in nude mice with the COLO 205 colorectal cancer, GHRA treatment caused a 39% reduction in tumour volume (p < 0.02) and a 44% reduction in tumour weight (p < 0.01). GHRA treatment equally reduced circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels, while apoptosis was increased in the treatment group. Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and the corresponding receptors in COLO 205 tumours was also decreased by the treatment. GHRA had no effect on the growth of the HT-29 colorectal cancer despite pronounced reduction in serum IGF-I. The present study thereby demonstrates a central role for the GH/IGF system in the pathogenesis of some colorectal cancers and suggests that specific GHR blockade may present a new concept in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Multiparametric model predictive control and state estimation of the hypnotic component in anesthesia (2016)

This paper describes multiparametric model predictive control strategies for the control of depth of anaesthesia. Based on a detailed compartmental model featuring a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamics part, two different control strategies are employed: a nominal multiparametric model predictive control and a simultaneous multiparametric moving horizon estimation and model predictive control. The control strategies are tested on a set of 12 patients in the induction and maintenance phase and analyzed comparatively. Moreover the inter-as well as the intra-patient variability is analyzed in detail. The performed simulations show good performances and satisfactory behavior.
Application of graphene in tandem organic solar cells (2011)

A highly conductive and transparent graphene film is deployed as an efficient intermediate layer (IML) in tandem organic photovoltaic cells. Tandem cells utilizing transition metal oxide modified graphene IML demonstrate a high open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) of 1.13 V in series connection. The value of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> from tandem cell is very close to the sum of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> attained from two individual subcells (0.58 V) that confirms the perfect ohmic contact at the photoactive layer/graphene interface. The UPS result showed the work function of graphene can be increased effectively to ensure good charge collection with different thickness of MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layer.
52 Genetic Loci Influencing Myocardial Mass (2017)

BACKGROUND: Myocardial mass is a key determinant of cardiac muscle function and hypertrophy. Myocardial depolarization leading to cardiac muscle contraction is reflected by the amplitude and duration of the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Abnormal QRS amplitude or duration reflect changes in myocardial mass and conduction, and are associated with increased risk of heart failure and death. OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis sought to gain insights into the genetic determinants of myocardial mass. METHODS: We carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 4 QRS traits in up to 73,518 individuals of European ancestry, followed by extensive biological and functional assessment. RESULTS: We identified 52 genomic loci, of which 32 are novel, that are reliably associated with 1 or more QRS phenotypes at p&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;times; 10(-8). These loci are enriched in regions of open chromatin, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding, suggesting that they represent regions of the genome that are actively transcribed in the human heart. Pathway analyses provided evidence that these loci play a role in cardiac hypertrophy. We further highlighted 67&amp;nbsp;candidate genes at the identified loci that are preferentially expressed in cardiac tissue and associated with cardiac abnormalities in Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. We validated the regulatory function of a novel variant in the SCN5A/SCN10A locus in&amp;nbsp;vitro and in&amp;nbsp;vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings provide new insights into genes and biological pathways controlling myocardial mass and may help identify novel therapeutic targets.
Satellite and airborne SAR simulator (2002)

In the design and implementation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) processors, it is useful to have a test data base with which to test processing algorithms and investigate parameters such as the point spread function. Simulated SAR data provides such a controlled data base. This paper reports on the generation of airborne and satellite SAR data using a combination of home-grown C software and a commercial radar simulation package. Simulated SAR data is generated for a satellite system using the ALMAZ SAR parameters as well as for an airborne system using the E-SAR parameters. SAR images produced using the simulated data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Representation of Torsion Points on Pairing Curves of Embedding Degree 1 (2013)

Recent efficient pairings such as Ate pairing use two efficient rational point subgroups such that π(P) = P and π(Q) = [p]Q, where π, p, P, and Q are the Frobenius map for rational point, the characteristic of definition field, and torsion points for pairing, respectively. This relation accelerates not only pairing but also pairing–related operations such as scalar multiplications. It holds in the case that the embedding degree k divides r − 1, where r is the order of torsion rational points. Thus, such a case has been well studied. Alternatively, this paper focuses on the case that the degree divides r + 1 but does not divide r − 1. Then, this paper shows a multiplicative representation for r–torsion points based on the fact that the characteristic polynomial f(π) becomes irreducible over Fr for which π also plays a role of variable.
Thermal Resistance Variations of Fly Ash Geopolymers: Foaming Responses (2017)

This paper presents a comparative study of the characteristic of unfoamed and foamed geopolymers after exposure to elevated temperatures (200-800 °C). Unfoamed geopolymers were produced with Class F fly ash and sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate. Porous geopolymers were prepared by foaming with hydrogen peroxide. Unfoamed geopolymers possessed excellent strength of 44.2 MPa and degraded 34% to 15 MPa in foamed geopolymers. The strength of unfoamed geopolymers decreased to 5 MPa with increasing temperature up to 800 °C. Foamed geopolymers behaved differently whereby they deteriorated to 3 MPa at 400 °C and increased up to 11 MPa at 800 °C. Even so, the geopolymers could withstand high temperature without any disintegration and spalling up to 800 °C. The formation of crystalline phases at higher temperature was observed deteriorating the strength of unfoamed geopolymers but enhance the strength of foamed geopolymers. In comparison, foamed geopolymer had better thermal resistance than unfoamed geopolymers as pores provide rooms to counteract the internal damage.