gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enamine‐Mediated Catalysis (n?→?π*) (2016)

Catalysis by chiral primary and secondary amines, known as 'aminocatalysis', has expanded the chemist's ability to stereoselectively functionalize carbonyl compounds. In organic synthesis, the fundamental studies by Stork established the utility of enamines as stoichiometric nucleophilic reagents of many important organic transformations. This chapter discusses the preparative and synthetic utility of enamine-mediated catalytic processes where a pure n → π* Lewis base catalysis is operative. It highlights the complementary synthetic opportunities provided by primary and secondary amines. Chiral primary aminocatalysts, such as the cinchona-based primary amines of type III, are useful to stereoselectively react sterically hindered carbonyl compounds, which cannot be functionalized using secondary amines. Similar to enolates, enamines can be considered as carbanion equivalents, but they do not suffer from a problematic kinetic/thermodynamic product equilibrium that generally leads to the O-alkylation of enolates. The chapter focuses on the Michael additions of enolizable carbonyl compounds to different electron-deficient olefins mediated by chiral aminocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: EIN SELEKTIVES BETA‐ADRENERGISCHES MYOCARDIALES STIMULANS (1973)

Abstract Das auf dem im Formelschema wiedergegebenem Weg erhältliche (i)‐1‐Isopropylamino‐3‐(2‐thiazolyloxy)‐2‐propanolhydrochlorid (VI) ist im Tierversuch (Hund) ein starkes, cardiales β‐Stimulans.
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Motion After Hallux Valgus Correction: A Cadaver Study (2005)

Correction of a hallux valgus deformity with a DSTR and PMO is associated with an immediate loss of range of motion that primarily affects the DF arc of the first MTPJ. The selective loss of DF may be related to a nonisometric capsular repair or tight intrinsic musculature, although there was no correlation with the magnitude of angular correction. The immediate decrease in motion observed in this cadaver study underscores the importance of early postoperative joint mobilization to prevent long-term stiffness after bunion surgery.
Supplementary Data from A Novel Recombinant Soluble Splice Variant of Met Is a Potent Antagonist of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor-Met Pathway (2023)

Supplementary Data from A Novel Recombinant Soluble Splice Variant of Met Is a Potent Antagonist of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor-Met Pathway
A Hypersweet Protein: Removal of The Specific Negative Charge at Asp21 Enhances Thaumatin Sweetness (2016)

Thaumatin is an intensely sweet-tasting protein that elicits sweet taste at a concentration of 50 nM, a value 100,000 times larger than that of sucrose on a molar basis. Here we attempted to produce a protein with enhanced sweetness by removing negative charges on the interacting side of thaumatin with the taste receptor. We obtained a D21N mutant which, with a threshold value 31 nM is much sweeter than wild type thaumatin and, together with the Y65R mutant of single chain monellin, one of the two sweetest proteins known so far. The complex model between the T1R2-T1R3 sweet receptor and thaumatin, derived from tethered docking in the framework of the wedge model, confirmed that each of the positively charged residues critical for sweetness is close to a receptor residue of opposite charge to yield optimal electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, the distance between D21 and its possible counterpart D433 (located on the T1R2 protomer of the receptor) is safely large to avoid electrostatic repulsion but, at the same time, amenable to a closer approach if D21 is mutated into the corresponding asparagine. These findings clearly confirm the importance of electrostatic potentials in the interaction of thaumatin with the sweet receptor.
Einleitung (1965)

Nachdem die schmelzflußelektrolytische Darstellung der Alkali-, Erdalkali- und Leichtmetalle bereits kurze Zeit nach Erfindung der Dynamomaschine großtechnisch verwirklicht werden konnte, befaßte man sich im In- und Ausland mit dem Gedanken, durch Erzelektrolysen im Schmelzfluß auch die Schwermetalle aus ihren Rohstoffen sich zugute zu machen.
Polarity of Tn5 insertion mutations in Escherichia coli (1980)

We assessed the effect of insertions of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn5 in the lac operon of Escherichia coli on the expression of distal genes lacY and lacA (melibiose fermentation at 41 degrees C and thiogalactoside transacetylase synthesis, respectively). Every insertion mutation tested (41 in lacZ and 23 in lacY) was strongly polar. However, approximately one-third of the insertion mutants expressed distal genes at low levels due to a promoter associated with Tn5. To localize this promoter, we (i) reversed the orientation of Tn5 at several sites and (ii) replaced wild-type Tn5 with several substitution derivatives which lack Tn5's central region. Neither alteration changed the expression of distal genes. Thus, in contrast to transposons IS2 and TnA. Tn5's ability to turn on distal gene expression is not due to a promoter in its central region and therefore is not dependent on the overall orientation of Tn5 in the operon. Our results suggest that the promoter is within 186 base pairs of the ends of Tn5. It is possible that the promoter is detected in only a fraction of insertions because it overlaps Tn5-target sequence boundary.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in non-malignant pancreatic tumors. (2008)

Department of Surgery, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna. Bologna, Italy Dear Sir, It is known that laparoscopy is not usually accepted as the treatment of choice for pancreatic tumors [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Even if laparoscopic pancreatectomy is rarely performed and is considered an elite surgical approach because of technical difficulties, long operative time and long learning curve, in recent years, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy has become an increasingly used technique in the surgical treatment of several pancreatic diseases, including non-malignant tumors [6, 7, 8]. From May 2004 to August 2007, data from 10 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were entered into our surgical database. There were 2 males and 8 females with a mean age of 59.0±16.2 (SD) years. Five of them (50%) were affected by non-malignant cystic tumors (3 serous cystadenomas, 2 mucinous cystic tumors) and 5 (50%) had non-malignant endocrine tumors (4 insulinomas and 1 non-functioning tumor). Two patients (20%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA score) equal to 3 or 4, and 8 (80%) had ASA score equal to 1 or 2. According to the accepted criteria [9], distal pancreatectomy is defined as the resection of the pancreas reaching the left side of the superior mesenteric vein. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed as follows: 1) after general anesthesia, the patient was kept supine, is positioned in a 30-45 degree right lateral decubitus with the patient’s hip at the break in the table; the surgeon, the first assistant and the scrub nurse stand to the right of the patient. Pneumoperitoneum was achieved using a Hasson trocar and three other ports were placed. We used a 10 mm 30-degree telescope for visualization. 2) The gastrocolic ligament was opened allowing access to the pancreas. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was used at this stage to delineate the tumor and identify its relationship to the splenic vessels. After mobilization of the distal pancreas from the retroperitoneum and splenic vessels (spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy), the pancreas was divided at the neck using an Endo-GIA
Supplementary Figure 1 from miR-31 Is a Broad Regulator of β1-Integrin Expression and Function in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 20K&lt;/p&gt;
Electronic and mechanical improvement of the receiving terminal of a free-space microwave power transmission system (1977)

Significant advancements were made in a number of areas: improved efficiency of basic receiving element at low power density levels, improved resolution and confidence in efficiency measurements mathematical modelling and computer simulation of the receiving element and the design, construction, and testing of an environmentally protected two-plane construction suitable for low cost, highly automated construction of large receiving arrays.
Point: Should AI technology be regulated? (2018)

Considering the difficult technical and sociological issues affecting the regulation of artificial intelligence research and applications.
Figure S1 from GITR Agonism Enhances Cellular Metabolism to Support CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Proliferation and Effector Cytokine Production in a Mouse Tumor Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Metabolic Inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
Environnement génomique du gène d'avirulence AvrLm1 chez Leptosphaeria maculans (2002)

Une carte génétique de Leptosphaeria maculans a été construite sur un croisement mettant en ségrégation le gène d'avirulence AvrLm1. Cette carte est à la base de la marche chromosomique actuellement en cours pour le clonage d'AvrLm1. Sept marqueurs étroitement lies à AvrLm1 ont ainsi été identifiés. Parmi ceux-ci, trois marqueurs SCARs ne montrent aucun vénement de recombinaison avec AvrLm1 dans 5 croisements sommant 312 descendants. L'utilisation de tels marqueurs pour le criblage d'une banque BAC représentant 7 equivalents-génome nous a permis de sélectionner et d'organiser en contig cinq clones, couvrant 184010 pb de la région contenant potentiellement AvrLm1. Le séquençage intégral de la région montre que les marqueurs co-ségrégeants correspondent à une région d'environ 121 kb. La séquence montre par ailleurs la propriété d'être extrêmement riche en A+T (63%), à l'exception d'un îlot de 30-kb, équilibré en G+C et riche en ORFs putatives. La plupart des ces ORFs montrent d'ailleurs de fortes similarités avec des gènes identifiés chez les levures ou d'autres filamenteux. 73% de la séquence correspondent à de grands fragments de séquences montrant des homologies avec des éléments répétés divers, composites et/ou fortement dégénérés. Ainsi sont identifiés dans la séquence, (i) 5 variants de LMR1, un élément répété endogène de L. maculans, (ii) des séquences identiques à des rétrotransposons dégénérés ou non (Maggy, Grasshopper, etc.) dispersées le long du contig ou (iii) organisées en deux répétitions inversées de 25-kb. L'annotation de la séquence (et l'identification d'AvrLm1) est actuellement enrichie d'une approche de cDNA-AFLP entre souches quasi-isogéniques, visant à identifier des ORF non détectées par les logiciels de prédiction de séquences codantes. (Texte intégral)
Probing the accessibility of peptide in an MHC class II protein–foreign peptide complex (1991)

The peptide antigen OVA323-339 forms a highly stable complex with the I-Ad molecule which when reconstituted into lipid bilayers can stimulate the release of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by specific T cell hybrids. To probe the accessibility of various regions of the peptide in the I-Ad binding site, six analogues of OVA323-339, each with a unique site for fluorescein labeling, were synthesized. OVA peptides modified with fluorescein at the N terminus position 323 and at the epsilon-amino group of lysines at positions 328, 329, 330, 331 and 336 all bind to the I-Ad molecule. These substitutions include four amino acids previously identified as representing a structural motif common to MHC binding peptides. The fluorescein hapten on each analogue was fully accessible to quenching by anti-fluorescein antibody after binding of the peptide to the MHC class II protein, indicating that these regions of the peptide are exposed in the MHC binding site. These data suggest that the MHC class II peptide binding site is remarkably permissive with respect to tolerating bulky substitutions in the peptide antigen. The data further suggest that either the central region (328-331) of the peptide OVA323-339 is oriented in MHC class II binding site such that all of its side chains are exposed, or that the binding of the peptide is conformationally flexible allowing reorientation of the bulky substituent to the outside of the binding site in each case studied.
Remote-controlled NDA (nondestructive assay) systems for feed and product storage at an automated MOX (mixed oxide) facility (1989)

Nondestructive assay (NDA) systems have been developed for use in an automated mixed oxide (MOX) fabrication facility. Unique features have been developed for the NDA systems to accommodate robotic sample handling and remote operation. In addition, the systems have been designed to obtain International Atomic Energy Agency inspection data without the need for an inspector at the facility at the time of the measurements. The equipment is being designed to operate continuously in an unattended mode with data storage for periods of up to one month. The two systems described in this paper include a canister counter for the assay of MOX powder at the input to the facility and a capsule counter for the assay of complete liquid-metal fast breeder reactor fuel assemblies at the output of the plant. The design, performance characteristics, and authentication of the two systems will be described. The data related to reliability, precision, and stability will be presented. 5 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.
High Sn-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review (2020)

The normal development and maintenance of central neural functions are highly correlated with the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; ω-3 fatty acid) accumulated in the brain. DHA incorporated at the sn-2 position of lipids is well absorbed by intestinal mucosa and utilized efficiently in vivo. However, modern consumers have a reduced direct intake of DHA and increased intake of saturated fats or ω-6 fatty acid oils, resulting in behavioral and neurophysiological deficits. To provide an understanding of the integrated beneficial effects of DHA on the human brain, this review introduces the positional difference (sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions) of DHA on a glycerol skeleton in natural fats and oils, and further discusses the possible functional mechanism regarding DHA supplementation and the gut–brain axis. The multiple bidirectional routes in this axis offer a novel insight into the interaction between DHA supplementation, the gut microbiota, and brain health. To achieve high sn-2 DHA in diets, it is suggested that sn-2 DHA lipids be enzymatically produced in more efficient and economical ways by improving the specific activities of lipases and optimizing the purification procedures. These types of diets will benefit individuals with strong needs for sn-2 ω-3 lipids such as infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women.
Talker effects in speech band importance functions (2013)

The literature is somewhat mixed with regard to the influence of (a) the particular speech material (e.g., sentences or words) versus (b) the particular talker used to create the recordings, on band-importance function (BIF) shape. One possibility is that previous techniques for creating BIFs are not sensitive enough to reveal these influences. In the current investigation, the role of talkers was examined using the compound technique for creating BIFs. This technique was developed to account for the multitude of synergistic and redundant interactions that take place among various speech frequencies. The resulting functions display a complex microstructure, in which the importance of adjacent bands can differ substantially. It was found that the microstructure could be traced to acoustic aspects of the particular talkers employed. Further, BIFs for IEEE sentences based on ten-talker recordings displayed less microstructure and were therefore smoother than BIFs based on one such talker. These results together suggest that the compound technique is sensitive enough to reveal acoustic aspects of the particular talker employed. It is further suggested that multiple talkers, rather than smoothing of the functions, be used if the goal is to describe speech more generally.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON VIRAL DISEASE SPREAD IN PLANTS (2012)

Salt stress is an important factor affecting the quality and quantity of crop yields. The total area of the world’s land exposed salinity increased to 15% in 2011 compared to 7% in 2001. In addition, crops are susceptible to disease, which strongly affects the yield. Thus, viral diseases reduce crop yield, sometimes up to 80-100%, for example Eggplant mottled crinkle virus (EMCV) can infect up to 100% yield of eggplant. Taken together, these two stress factors can cause enormous economic damage to agriculture. Despite of the importance, the effect of salinity on plant virus disease has not been well studied.In our study, we investigated the effect of high concentrations of salt (150mM NaCl) on the systemic viral disease caused by EMCV. The virus causes the systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Systemic accumulation of virus at high concentrations of NaCl was drastically reduced. In the plants exposed to salt stress (100mM and 150mM NaCl) for 21 days before infection systemic symptoms were significantly delayed. The relationship between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors may indicate the existence of universal defensive pathways of plant adaptation to unfavorable conditions.
Conformationally restricted analogs of disoxaril: a comparison of the activity against human rhinovirus type 14 and 1A (1992)

A series of conformationally restricted analogs of disoxaril has been synthesized and evaluated against human rhinovirus types (HRV) 14 and 1A. The sensitivity of these serotypes to this series varied and was dependent upon the length of the molecule as well as upon the flexibility of the aliphatic chain. Minimum energy conformations of these compounds were overlaid with the X-ray structure of a closely related analog 9 bound to the capsid protein of both HRV-14 and -1A and then modeled in the compound-binding site of both serotypes. A comparative sweep volume of these compounds about the isoxazole ring revealed an inaccessible region of space for the cis-olefin 8b, which is not the case for either the trans-olefin 8a or the acetylene 5. This region may be important to the binding of the compounds to the HRV-14 site particularly during entry into the pocket.
The products of conception: the social context of reproductive choices. (1985)

This paper addresses the changing ideology regarding reproduction, an evolving American, and potentially worldwide, value system regarding children and parenthood. Children are increasingly being seen as products, and the new technology of reproduction, including the sale of reproductive material and services and especially prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion, encourage this commodification of the fetus. While the new technology does indeed offer new choices, it also creates new structures and new limitations on choice. In the contemporary American social structure, these choices are inevitably couched in terms of production and commodification, and thus do not offer individuals genuine choice or control.
An update on IEEE P1647: the e system verification language (2005)

The e language forms the basis of an extensive set of tools and methodologies, collectively known as verification process automation, and almost all major electronics companies worldwide use it. This paper discusses IEEE design automation standards project and shows that how the value of technology can be enhanced by the standardization process.
Reconstructing Graphs from Neighborhood Data (2014)

Consider a social network and suppose that we are only given the number of common friends between each pair of users. Can we reconstruct the underlying network? Similarly, consider a set of documents and the words that appear in them. If we only know the number of common words for every pair of documents, as well as the number of common documents for every pair of words, can we infer which words appear in which documents? In this article, we develop a general methodology for answering questions like these. We formalize these questions in what we call the R econstruct problem: given information about the common neighbors of nodes in a network, our goal is to reconstruct the hidden binary matrix that indicates the presence or absence of relationships between individual nodes. In fact, we propose two different variants of this problem: one where the number of connections of every node (i.e., the degree of every node) is known and a second one where it is unknown. We call these variants the degree-aware and the degree-oblivious versions of the R econstruct problem, respectively. Our algorithms for both variants exploit the properties of the singular value decomposition of the hidden binary matrix. More specifically, we show that using the available neighborhood information, we can reconstruct the hidden matrix by finding the components of its singular value decomposition and then combining them appropriately. Our extensive experimental study suggests that our methods are able to reconstruct binary matrices of different characteristics with up to 100% accuracy.
Blood Group Substances as Tumor Antigens in the Distal Colon (1978)

Adenocarcinomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum were studied for the presence of blood group substances of the A, B, H system using the method of specific erythrocytic adherence. Of 17 adenocarcinomas studied, eight were found to have reactivity for blood group substances. All eight tumours showing reactivity for blood group substances were from patients of the blood group type A, whereas no blood group substances reactivity could be found in any of the adenocarcinomas from patients of the B blood group type. The epithelial cells of the entire colon contain blood group substances in the fetal period; however, shortly after parturition the epithelial cells of the distal colon and rectum rapidly lose the substances. The reappearance of the substances in adenocarcinomas of the distal colon suggests that these neoplastic cells are expressing certain characteristics of fetal colonic epithelial cells.
Biological effect of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon films for biomedical applications (2004)

Summary form only given. Carbon nitride films have received much attention recently because of their desirable properties, similar to diamond-link carbon (DLC) films. Thus we have compared the anti-thrombotic properties of amorphous carbon nitride films and DLC films as potential blood-contacting biomedical materials. In this work, the amorphous carbon nitride films and DLC films were deposited on silicon wafer substrates using a vacuum arc system. Surface thrombogenicity of the two films was evaluated by in vitrotests. An LDH assay was used to examine the platelets attached to the film surface. An F1+2 assay was used to evaluate the activation of clotting cascade. The fibrinogen adsorption and its conformational change were also investigated by using an immunoassay technique. The results show that the anti-thrombotic properties of the films were improved by nitrogen doping. This improvement is due to the inhibition of conformational change of adsorbed fibrinogen, preventing the adhesion of platelets and activation of clotting cascade.
ChIP-Hub: an Integrative Platform for Exploring Plant Regulome (2019)

Abstract Plant genomes encode a complex and evolutionary diverse regulatory grammar that forms the basis for most life on earth. A wealth of regulome and epigenome data have been generated in various plant species, but no common, standardized resource is available so far for biologists. Here we present ChIP-Hub, an integrative web-based platform in the ENCODE standards that bundles publicly available datasets reanalyzed from &gt;40 plant species, allowing visualization and meta-analysis.