gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain–Computer Interfaces for Mediating Interaction in Virtual and Augmented Reality (2018)

Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are immersive and potentially multimodal sensory experiences that augment or completely replace real-world sensory input with artificial content. Outside commercial applications in entertainment, VR and AR can be used to create controlled, yet ecologically valid experimental paradigms for research in cognitive science or related fields. Here, we review how brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are being integrated with VR/AR to rehabilitate and assist the injured and disabled, improve interaction between human and computer, and provide us more insight into how our brains process and evaluate complex environments and events. We also describe a concrete example architecture for conducting BCI/VR experiments and conclude our review with a discussion on limitations and potential future developments on BCI-based interaction with VR and AR.
A Unicast Retransmission Scheme Based on Network Coding (2011)

A novel scheme for data retransmission for wireless unicast communication is presented. The scheme is based on a transmitter and receiver structure and bit-level data processing using a combination of channel coding and network coding that allows retransmissions to contain previously incorrectly received information and new information, both destined to the same receiver. Results show that, for the chosen codes, up to 68.75% retransmission throughput gains are achieved, compared to Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) with Chase combining.
Protein phosphatase PP1‐NIPP1 activates mesenchymal genes in HeLa cells (2015)

The deletion of the protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) regulator known as Nuclear Inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1) is embryonic lethal during gastrulation, hinting at a key role of PP1‐NIPP1 in lineage specification. Consistent with this notion we show here that a mild, stable overexpression of NIPP1 in HeLa cells caused a massive induction of genes of the mesenchymal lineage, in particular smooth/cardiac‐muscle and matrix markers. This reprogramming was associated with the formation of actin‐based stress fibers and retracting filopodia, and a reduced proliferation potential. The NIPP1‐induced mesenchymal transition required functional substrate and PP1‐binding domains, suggesting that it involves the selective dephosphorylation of substrates of PP1‐NIPP1.
A Possible Reason for why Data-Driven Beats Theory-Driven Computer Vision (2019)

Why do some continue to wonder about the success and dominance of deep learning methods in computer vision and AI? Is it not enough that these methods provide practical solutions to many problems? Well no, it is not enough, at least for those who feel there should be a science that underpins all of this and that we should have a clear understanding of how this success was achieved. Here, this paper proposes that the dominance we are witnessing would not have been possible by the methods of deep learning alone: the tacit change has been the evolution of empirical practice in computer vision and AI over the past decades. We demonstrate this by examining the distribution of sensor settings in vision datasets and performance of both classic and deep learning algorithms under various camera settings. This reveals a strong mismatch between optimal performance ranges of classical theory-driven algorithms and sensor setting distributions in the common vision datasets, while data-driven models were trained for those datasets. The head-to-head comparisons between data-driven and theory-driven models were therefore unknowingly biased against the theory-driven models.
Factors affecting pathogenicity of the turfgrass dollar spot pathogen in natural and model hosts (2019)

Abstract Clarireedia sp. (formerly called Sclerotinia homoeocarpa ), the fungal pathogen that causes dollar spot of turfgrasses, produces oxalic acid but the role of this toxin in Clarireedia sp. pathogenesis is unknown. In the current study, whole plant inoculation assays were used to evaluate pathogenesis of Clarireedia sp. in various model hosts and investigate the role of oxalic acid in dollar spot disease. These assays revealed that both host endogenous oxalate content and pathogen-produced oxalic acid influence the timing and magnitude of symptom development. In time-course expression analysis, oxalate oxidase and related defense-associated germin-like protein genes in creeping bentgrass showed strong up-regulation starting at 48-72 hpi, indicating that germin-like protein genes are most likely involved in defense following initial contact with the pathogen and demonstrating the importance of oxalic acid in Clarireedia sp. pathogenesis. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that oxalic acid and host endogenous oxalate content are important for pathogenesis by Clarireedia sp. and may be associated with the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy during host infection.
A P53 Genetic Polymorphism As A Modulator of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Relation to Chronic Liver Disease, Familial Tendency, and Cigarette Smoking in Hepatitis B Carriers (1999)

This study evaluated whether the codon 72 p53 polymorphism was related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genotypes of p53 were determined in 80 incident cases of HCC and 328 controls nested in a cohort study of 4,841 male chronic hepatitis B carriers. No overall increase in HCC risk with the Pro variant allele of the p53 polymorphism was apparent. However, there were synergistic effects on HCC development for the Pro allele with chronic liver disease and family history of HCC in first-degree relatives. Compared with subjects without the Pro allele and chronic liver disease, the increase in HCC risk associated with chronic liver disease among those without the Pro allele was only threefold. Subjects with both chronic liver disease and the Pro allele were at an increased risk of 7.60 (95% CI = 2.28-25.31). When subjects without family history of HCC and the Pro allele were considered as the reference group, there was no apparent increased risk of HCC for those without the Pro allele who had family history of HCC. Among those with both factors, there was a significantly increased risk of 3.29 (95% CI = 1.10-9.85). Both cigarette smoking and glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype modified the risk of HCC associated with the p53 polymorphism. Significantly increased risk associated with the p53 genotype was observed only among smokers who were glutathione S-transferase-null (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: odds ratio = 6.46; 95% CI = 1.55-26.94). The p53 polymorphism also interacted with the cytochrome P450 1A1 and carotenoid levels in smoking-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
Flux-Pinning Properties of BaHfO3-Doped EuBCO-Coated Conductors Fabricated by Hot-Wall PLD (2019)

REBa2Cu3Ox (REBCO, RE = rare earth) coated conductors (CCs) are promising as superconducting wires for high-field magnets because of their high in-field critical current density (Jc) performance and high tensile tolerance. Fujikura, Ltd., has been developing BaHfO3 (BHO)-doped EuBa2Cu3Ox (EuBCO, Eu = Europium) CCs using a hot-wall-type pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) in order to further improve the in-field performance. Although a high deposition rate in the PLD process is necessary for mass production, it has been found that the in-field performance greatly differ depending on the deposition rate. In this study, flux pinning properties of BHO-doped EuBCO CCs fabricated with different deposition rates by the hot-wall PLD on IBAD substrates were investigated in detail. From the scaling characteristics of the flux-pinning force density (Fp) curve, the BHO precipitates in a fast deposition rate REBCO film appeared to behave like random pinning centers, which was almost consistent with a result of transmission electron microscope observation. On the other hand, from a decrease of anisotropy in the magnetic field angle dependence of Jc, it was also confirmed that BHO precipitates were not completely random pinning centers, that is, it has some kind of anisotropy. Considering the critical current value per production time, it was also found that the fast deposition rate is advantageous since the REBCO layer could be thicker.
Study of the Refraction Effects in Microwave Breast Imaging Using a Dry Setup (2020)

Medical Microwave Imaging (MWI) has been studied as a technique to aid breast cancer diagnosis. Several different prototypes have been proposed but most of them require the use of a coupling medium between the antennas and the breast, in order to reduce skin backscattering and avoid refraction effects. The use of dry setups has been addressed and recent publications show promising results. In this paper, we assess the importance of considering refraction effects in the image reconstruction algorithms. To this end, we consider a simplified homogeneous spherical model of the breast and analytically compute the propagating rays through the air-body interface. The comparison of results considering only direct ray propagation or refracted rays shows negligible impact on the accuracy of the images for moderately high permittivity media. Thus, we may avoid the computational burden of calculating the refracted rays in convex shapes.
Human Deposition and Clearance of 6-μm Particles Inhaled with an Extremely Low Flow Rate (1995)

In human experimental data, tracheobronchial deposition reaches its maximum for particles of about 6 microns inhaled at 0.5 L/s. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if tracheobronchial deposition of 6-microns particles could be increased, especially in the smaller bronchi, using an extremely slow inhalation rate. Six healthy nonsmokers inhaled monodisperse 6-microns (aerodynamic diameter) Teflon particles labeled with 111In at 0.04 L/s. Radioactivity in mouth and throat, lung, and stomach was measured immediately after inhalation by profile scanning and in the lung also after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. There was a substantial clearance between 24 and 72 h; around 20% of the total clearance occurred between 24 and 72 h. This is in contrast to earlier studies in which only around 1% of 6-microns particles inhaled at 0.5 L/s cleared between 24 and 72 h. This indicates a markedly higher deposition in the smaller bronchi at 0.04 L/s than at 0.5 L/s. The total tracheobronchial deposition was 50%, compared to about 30% when particles were inhaled at 0.5 L/s. These findings could be therapeutic use. They also implicate the possibility of developing a diagnostic model that can separate between bronchial reactivity in large and small bronchi.
Spectral anisotropy of a photoresponse from heterojunctions based on GaSe and InSe layered crystals (2014)

The object of investigation is photoresponse spectra taken from the cleaved end face of heterojunctions formed by GaSe and InSe anisotropic crystals. Spectra taken from the as-prepared and chemically processed faces of the heterojunctions are compared. A modified method of growing GaSe crystals with a virgin end face is suggested, and the surface of GaSe crystals thus grown is examined by atomic force microscopy.
Hydrogen production via the K-T (Koppers-Totzek) coal gasification process: current economic and technological aspects (1978)

The K-T process for partial oxidation of various coals, coke, char, tars, heavy residua, or light to heavy oils yields 300 Btu/cu ft syngas containing typically 50-55Vertical Bar3< CO and 30-35Vertical Bar3< H/sub 2/ from coal or 45Vertical Bar3< each CO and H/sub 2/ from liquid feedstocks. If hydrogen is desired as the end product, the raw syngas is treated with steam at 550/sup 0/F over sulfided cobalt-molybdenum catalyst to oxidize CO into H/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/. The product gas is sent into a Rectisol acid gas removal system, which uses methanol to selectively absorb CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S. The clean gas, still containing 1.8Vertical Bar3< CO and 50 ppm CO/sub 2/, then undergoes methanation, which reduces the CO content to 5 ppm, and molecular sieve absorption, to reduce CO/sub 2/ and water to 3 ppm. The estimated costs of producing 100 million cu ft/day of 97.4Vertical Bar3< purity hydrogen are $5.50-$7.00/million BTU, depending on plant location, environmental regulations, the costs of the feedstocks and utilities, and the financing method.
BLOOD PRESSURE PHENOTYPES IN TREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN SUMMER AND WINTER: FOCUS ON MASKED UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION. Part 2. The main markers (2017)

Background. Seasonal variability of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality emphasizes the need for the development of new preventive approaches. One of them could be early diagnostics of the unfavorable blood pressure (BP) phenotypes. Aim. To evaluate markers of the masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUH) phenotype in winter and summer in ambulatory treated hypertensive patients. Material and methods . We selected patients from the database (n=477; Ivanovo and Saratov residents) according to the following criteria: regular antihypertensive treatment (AHT), clinical BP&lt;140/90 mm Hg, available clinical and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data both in winter and summer (MUH and “optimal AHT effect” phenotypes). Results. The patients with MUH in Ivanovo had a significantly higher body mass index in comparison with patients with optimal AHT effect in winter (29.1±4.4 kg/m2 vs 27.3±3.4 kg/m2; p&lt;0.01), and a higher level of clinical BP. Similar differences were found for clinical heart rate (HR), orthostatic BP and HR. These patients with MUH in summer had significantly higher values of clinical BP and orthostatic systolic BP. In Saratov patients, the MUH phenotype in winter was characterized by a higher prevalence in men (56% vs 38%; p&lt;0.05), a relatively high body height and weight vs these in patients with optimal AHT effect. Similar to the patients from Ivanovo, Saratov patients with MUH in winter had higher clinical and orthostatic BP levels compared to patients with optimal AHT effect. In summer, Saratov patients with MUH had significantly higher body mass index, clinical BP, orthostatic HR and systolic BP. In multivariate analysis, MUH was associated with male sex (p&lt;0.05), obesity Stage 1 (p&lt;0.05) and Stage 2 (p&lt;0.01), and diastolic BP in orthostasis (in particular, diastolic BP≥85 mmHg; p&lt;0.0001). No significant associations were observed for season, city, and other selected factors. Conclusion. According to our study ABPM could be useful for “unmasking” of the probable MUH both in winter and in summer in patients with target clinical BP on AHT who are obese, have orthostatic diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg and especially in men. Further studies in this area are required, in particular the assessment of the prognostic value of the seasonal dynamics and interrelation of clinical and ambulatory BP.
Stimulation of insulin secretion and improvement of glucose tolerance in rat and dog by the P2y‐purinoceptor agonist, adenosine‐5′‐O‐(2‐thiodiphosphate) (1993)

1. In vivo effect of a P2y-purinoceptor agonist, adenosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (ADP beta S), on insulin secretion and glycaemia were studied both in rats and dogs. 2. In anaesthetized rats, i.v. administered ADP beta S (0.2 mg kg-1) produced an insulin response dependent on the nutritional state of the animals, since we observed only a transient increase in overnight-fasted rats and a sustained insulin secretion followed by a reduction in plasma glucose levels in fed rats. During an i.v. glucose tolerance test, ADP beta S enhanced insulin release and thus increased the glucose disappearance rate. 3. In anaesthetized fasted dogs, i.v. administered ADP beta S (0.1 mg kg-1) increased pancreaticoduodenal insulin output and slightly decreased blood glucose levels. 4. In conscious fasted dogs, orally administered ADP beta S (0.1 mg kg-1) transiently increased insulinemia and punctually reduced glycaemia. Furthermore, during an oral glucose tolerance test, orally administered ADP beta S at the same dose markedly enhanced insulin secretion and consequently reduced the hyperglycaemia. 5. In conclusion, the P2y-agonist, ADP beta S, is a potent insulin secretagogue in vivo, improves glucose tolerance and is effective after oral administration. Thus, the P2y-purinoceptors of the beta cell may be a target for new antidiabetic drugs.
Arginine methylation sites on SepIVA help balance elongation and septation of the cell wall in Mycobacterium smegmatis (2021)

Abstract Growth of mycobacterial cells requires successful coordination between elongation and septation of the cell wall. However, it is not clear which factors directly mediate this coordination. Here, we studied the function and post-translational modification of an essential division factor, SepIVA, in Mycobacterium smegmatis . We find that SepIVA is arginine methylated, and that alteration of these methylation sites affects both septation and polar elongation of Msmeg . Furthermore, we show that SepIVA regulates the localization of MurG, and that this regulation may impact polar elongation. Finally, we map SepIVA’s two regulatory functions to different sites on the protein: the N-terminus regulates elongation while the C-terminus regulates division. These results establish SepIVA as a regulator of both elongation and division and characterize a physiological role for protein arginine methylation sites for the first time in mycobacteria.
A New Type of Cyclic Alkylacrylamide Polymer Langmuir-Blodgett Film (1998)

Abstract A high quality polymer LB film was newly prepared from adamantylacrylamide polymer without usual long alkyl chain. The measurements with XRD and cyclic voltammetry suggest that the polymer LB film with a thickness of 1.1nm and well defined molecular orientation is fabricated.
The npde library for R to compute normalised prediction distribution errors (2012)

The npde library for R to compute normalised prediction distribution errors
ATP‐sensitive K+ channels: regulation of bursting by the sulphonylurea receptor, PIP2 and regions of Kir6.2 (2005)

ATP-sensitive K+ channels composed of the pore-forming protein Kir6.2 and the sulphonylurea receptor SUR1 are inhibited by ATP and activated by Phosphatidylinositol Bisphosphate (PIP2). Residues involved in binding of these ligands to the Kir6.2 cytoplasmic domain have been identified, and it has been hypothesized that gating mechanisms involve conformational changes in the regions of the bundle crossing and/or the selectivity filter of Kir6.2. Regulation of Kir6.2 by SUR1, however, is not well-understood, even though this process is ATP and PIP2 dependent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between channel regulation by SUR1 and PIP2 by comparing a number of single and double mutants known to affect open probability (P(o)), PIP2 affinity, and sulphonylurea and MgADP sensitivity. When coexpressed with SUR1, the Kir6.2 mutant C166A, which is characterized by a P(o) value close to 0.8, exhibits no sulphonylurea or MgADP sensitivity. However, when P(o) was reduced by combining mutations at the PIP2-sensitive residues R176 and R177 with C166A, sulphonylurea and MgADP sensitivities were restored. These effects correlated with a dramatic decrease in PIP2 affinity, as assessed by PIP2-induced channel reactivation and inhibition by neomycin, an antagonist of PIP2 binding. Based on macroscopic and single-channel data, we propose a model in which entry into the high-P(o) bursting state by the C166A mutation or by SUR1 depends on the interaction of PIP2 with R176 and R177 and, to a lesser extent, R54. In conjunction with this PIP2-dependent process, SUR1 also regulates channel activity via a PIP2-independent, but MgADP-dependent process.
Production and characterization of aflatoxin B2a antiserum (1981)

The specificity and sensitivity of antiserum elicited from rabbits against aflatoxin B2a-bovine serum albumin conjugates were characterized with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aflatoxin B1 was first converted to aflatoxin B2a and then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase by a reductive alkylation method. The antiserum was developed in New Zealand white rabbits by multiple-site injection with the aflatoxin B2a-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Antibody titers were determined by both RIA and ELISA. Competitive RIAs with various aflatoxin analogs indicated that the antiserum was most reactive with aflatoxin B1 and slightly cross-reactive with aflatoxins B2a, B2, and M1. Competitive ELISAs showed the antiserum to be equally specific for aflatoxins B2a and B12 and less reactive with aflatoxins B2 and M1. The relative sensitivities of RIA and ELISA for aflatoxin B1 quantitation were 100 and 10 pg per assay, respectively.
Analysis and prediction of regulation in a multiple-output current-mode controlled DC-to-DC converter (1995)

A technique is developed for predicting the closed-loop steady state output voltage regulation of a multiple-output current-mode controlled converter. The proposed model accounts for the current loop, the voltage loop, and the integrator in the compensation scheme. This method allows tradeoffs with respect to regulation between different components or feedback configurations to be evaluated during the design of a converter. Experimental verification on a three-output current-mode controlled push-pull converter with single output voltage feedback is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software (2018)

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple Readily Available Software - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Métallurgie du zirconium et du hafnium (2016)

L’article decrit la metallurgie du zirconium et du hafnium, delicate et couteuse en raison de la stabilite chimique des oxydes ou silicates constituant les minerais, et de la necessite de separer ces deux metaux intimement melanges dans le minerai. Les divers procedes de la metallurgie extractive permettant d’atteindre la forme metallique sont passes en revue, puis l’elaboration de l’alliage qui s’effectue par fusion a l’arc sous vide, et la suite du procede de transformation en demi-produits (forgeage, laminage, extrusion et laminage a pas de pelerin pour les tubes, avec des traitements thermiques sous vide ou sous atmosphere inerte.
Nanocomposite Hybrid Molecular Materials for Application in Solid‐State Electrochemical Supercapacitors (2005)

Abstract Molecular hybrid materials formed from polyoxometalates dispersed in conducting polymers represent an innovative concept in energy storage. This work reports in detail the first practical realization of electrodes based on these materials for energy storage in electrochemical supercapacitors. The molecular hybrids PAni/H 4 SiW 12 O 40 , PAni/H 3 PW 12 O 40 , and PAni/H 3 PMo 12 O 40 (PAni: polyaniline) have been prepared electrochemically on platinum or carbon substrates, with PAni/H 3 PMo 12 O 40 being the prototypical example presenting the best energy‐storage performance in the series. This hybrid displays the combined activity of its organic and inorganic components to store and release charge in solid‐state electrochemical capacitor cells, leading to a promising value of 120 F g –1 and good cyclability beyond 1000 cycles.