gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
87%-Efficient 330-mW 0.6-<italic>μ</italic>m Single-Inductor Triple-Output Buck–Boost Power Supply (2017)

Microsystems that sense, process, and communicate data can save money, energy, and lives. Such varied functionality, however, demands power that can easily deplete a small battery. Integrating so many analog and digital functions can also imperil performance with noise and distortion. To survive all this with an exhaustible battery, blocks require several efficient power supplies that both buck and boost the battery voltage. Luckily, switched inductors are flexible and efficient, but also bulky. So what these microsensors need are single-inductor multiple-output supplies that buck and boost. But to reconfigure the inductor for such diverse operation requires many power-consuming switches. Plus, cycling between outputs requires time and delays response time. The single-inductor supply proposed bucks and boosts and cycles between outputs frequently with two input switches, one inductor, and one switch and one capacitor per output. Other buck-boost supplies either bypass the inductor or require one to two more switches and up to one more inductor and one more capacitor. The prototype presented here bucks two outputs and boosts one output with five switches by energizing the inductor to buck outputs first. By collecting sufficient energy this way, the inductor can feed boost outputs directly. A sixth switch engages only when boost power is greater than a threshold that the input voltage and buck power levels establish. This way, the 0.6-μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor system bucks and boosts 2.7-4.0 V to 1.2, 1.8, and 4.0 V to deliver 80%-87% of the 379-412 mW drawn. The system cycles every 1-3 μs and responds within 5-10 μs.
Self-applicable C Program Specialization. (1992)

A partial evaluator is an automatic program transformation tool. Given as input a general program and part of its input, it can produce a specialized version. If the partial evaluator is self-applicable, program generators can be made. The goal is efficiency: the specialized program often runs an order of magnitude faster than the general one. We consider partial evaluation of the pragmatic oriented imperative C programming language. New problems studied includes partially static data structures, non-local static side-effects under dynamic control, and a restricted use of pointers. We define a Core C language, derive a two-level Core C language with explicit binding times, and formulate well-annotatedness conditions. Function specialization and code generation is described in terms of the two-level Core C language. An implementation of the C partial evaluator has been made. Some experimental results are given. 1
An analytical evaluation of VoD traffic treatment within the EF-enabled DiffServ ingress and interior nodes (2003)

The differentiated services (DiffServ) expedited forwarding (EF) per-hop behavior (PHB) is targeted on applications which need strict guarantees of end-to-end delay and should not suffer from packet losses. It makes EF PHB an appropriate choice for loss-free timely delivery of delay and loss intolerant traffic. It is expected that the substantial part of such sort of traffic will be generated by video-on-demand (VoD) services. In order to provide transmission service that is based on EF PHB to VoD traffic, several traffic-conditioning functions have to be implemented within the DiffServ ingress nodes. These conditioning functions are based on traffic profiles. In this paper, we show how to compute EF PHB traffic profiles for VoD traffic, which are based on simple token bucket mechanism and consider the effect of traffic profile violations. We evaluate both aggregated traffic and per-source quality of service (QoS) degradations caused by traffic profile violations. In order to compute the parameters of EF PHB queue within the DiffServ ingress node, approximation of the output stochastic process is done from the first queuing system by arrival curve. We also consider the VoD traffic treatment within DiffServ interior nodes and show how to compute parameters of EF queues within those nodes.
Cognitive Function in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2000)

PURPOSE: Breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy have complained of difficulties in their ability to remember, think, and concentrate. This study assessed whether there are differences in cognitive function between breast cancer patients treated with standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy compared with healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were used to assess cognitive function and mood in a group of 107 women. The women consisted of 31 breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (group A), 40 breast cancer patients who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy a median of 2 years earlier (group B), and 36 healthy controls (group C). RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences (P = .009) in overall cognitive function scores between groups A and C, with poorer function in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. These differences remained significant (P = .046) when controlling for age, education level, and menopausal status. More patients had moderate or severe cognitive impairment in groups A and B than in controls (P ≤ .002). There were no significant differences in POMS scores between the groups, suggesting that the differences seen in cognitive scores were unlikely to be because of mood disturbance. CONCLUSION: Cognitive differences were observed in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy compared with healthy controls. These differences did not seem to be caused by significant differences in mood disturbance between the two groups. If confirmed, these results have substantial implications for informed consent, counseling, and psychosocial support of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Load-independent Class EF inverters for inductive wireless power transfer (2016)

This paper will present the modelling, analysis and design of a load-independent Class EF inverter. This inverter is able to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation and produce a constant output current for any load value without the need for tuning or replacement of components. The load-independent feature of this inverter is beneficial when used as the primary coil driver in multi-megahertz high power inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) applications where the distance between the coils and the load are variable. The work here begins with the traditional load-dependent Class EF topology for inversion and then specifies the criteria that are required to be met in order achieve load-independence. The design and development of a 240W load-independent Class EF inverter to drive the primary coil of a 6.78MHz WPT system will be discussed and experimental results will be presented to show the load-independence feature when the distance between the coils of the WPT system changes.
Threshold Dependence on Cavity Length and Mirror Reflectivity in Fabry-Perot Microcavity Semiconductor Lasers with High Contrast Mirrors (1993)

There is currently a great deal of interest in the use of small optical cavities to control the spontaneous emission characteristics from semiconductor light emitting diodes and lasers. Predictions of the magnitude to which the effect may be realized range from novel forms of lasers having "zero-threshold", to skepticism as to whether controlled spontaneous emission may impact practical devices at all since it simply represents "filtering". Therefore, experimental investigations which elucidate the role controlled spontaneous emission may play in present day realizable device structures are needed.
Carbon Dioxide Interactions with Crystalline and Amorphous Ice Surfaces (2004)

Carbon dioxide interactions with crystalline and amorphous water ice have been studied by time-resolved molecular beam techniques. CO2 collisions at thermal kinetic energies with ice in the temperature range 100−160 K result in efficient trapping on the ice surface followed by desorption. The desorption kinetics on crystalline ice at 100−125 K are well described by the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 0.22 ± 0.02 eV and a preexponential factor of 1013.32±0.57 s-1. Below 120 K, CO2 populates strongly bonded sites on amorphous ice, resulting in surface residence times on the order of minutes at 100 K, and the desorption data can in this case not be explained by a simple first-order process. The results are compared to previous studies of gas−ice interactions, and the implications for heterogeneous processes in the terrestrial atmosphere are discussed.
A Coordinated Dynamic Positioning Control Algorithm Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (2012)

The problem of coordinated dynamic positioning for multiple vessels in the presence of uncertainties and unknown exogenous disturbances is considered. A robust coordinated positioning control algorithm based on the active disturbance rejection control is proposed in this paper. The proposed coordinated controller is designed utilizing the position of each vessel and its relative distance with respect to adjacent vessels. In addition, the velocity of each vessel is introduced in the design so as to thruster forces drive the vessels to constitute asymptotically a desired formation. The proposed controller integrates the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method with the dynamic surface control method. The coordination controller is improved by arranging the transient dynamics for the motion of vessels and designing extended state observer for the dynamic positioning ship model. Simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the conventional methods. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Frequency Stable Vacuum-Sealed Tube High-Power Microwave Vircator Operated at 500 Hz (2015)

Operation of repetitive high-power microwave (HPM) sources is predominantly limited by thermal properties of anode and cathode materials. This letter presents a reflex-triode virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) capable of operating at 500 Hz at current densities between 100-200 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for multiple burst durations of 1-2 s. Stable vircator operation under such a thermally punishing environment is facilitated by the use of a thin pyrolytic graphite anode. The results presented focus on two anode-cathode (A-K) gap spacings: 11 and 21 mm, which produce stable microwave radiation at 4.6 and 1.6 GHz, respectively. Characteristic voltage, current, and microwave waveforms in conjunction with short-time Fourier transforms, frequency spectrographs, and HPM power density data for 1000 and 500 pulses at 1.6 and 4.6 GHz, respectively, are presented.
Synthesis of fluorinated telomers. Part 6. Telomerisation of chlorotrifluoroethylene with methanol (2001)

Bulk radical telomerisation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with methanol was investigated for the synthesis of fluorinated alcohols. Improvements in the conversion of CTFE and of the selectivity of the reaction were sought by using different radical initiators (peroxides, percarbonates, peresters) and an excess of methanol. These reactions were compared in terms of CTFE conversion, yield of monoadduct and formation of higher molecular weight telomers. Under these conditions, radical initiated telomerisations systematically led to low molecular weight CTFE telomers. 2,5-Bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane (DHBP) proved to be the most effective radical initiator. All these experiments revealed the low chain transfer activity of methanol in the presence of CTFE. A thorough structural study of typical CTFE–methanol telomers was performed by 19F, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. These analytical methods allowed us to prove the highly regioselective formation of HOCH2CF2CFClH (produced with a 95% selectivity), showing the regioselectivity of the addition of hydroxymethyl radicals onto the difluoromethylene side of CTFE.
The simultaneous VLA observations of Sgr A* from 90 to 0.7 cm (2004)

We present a spectrum of Sgr A* observed simultaneously on June 17, 2003 at wavelengths from 90 to 0.7 cm with the VLA. In the spectrum, we also include the measurements of Sgr A* observed on the same day with the GMRT at 49 cm, the SMA at 0.89 mm and the Keck II at 3.8 $μ$m. The spectrum at the centimeter wavelengths suggests the presence of a break wavelength at 3.8 cm (8 GHz). The spectral index is alpha=0.43+-0.03 (propto nu(alpha}) at 3.8 cm and shorter wavelengths. The spectrum between 3.8 cm and 49 cm can be described by a power law with spectral index of alpha=0.10+-0.03$. We detected Sgr A* with 0.22+-0.06 Jy at 90 cm, suggesting a sharp decrease in flux density at the wavelengths longer than 49 cm. The best fit to the spectrum at the wavelengths longer than lambda_b appears to be consistent with free-free absorption by a screen of ionized gas with a turnover wavelength at nu(tau_ff}=1) = 100 cm (300 MHz). This turnover wavelength appears to be three times longer than that of 30 cm (1 GHz) as suggested by Davies et al. (1976) based on the observations in 1994 and 1995. Our analysis suggests that stellar winds from the massive stars near Sgr A* could modulate the flux density at the wavelengths longer than 30 cm (or frequencies below 1 GHz).
Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride by Fe(II) Associated with Goethite (2000)

Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was dechlorinated to chloroform (CF) under anoxic conditions by Fe(II) that was sorbed to the surface of goethite (α-FeOOH). No reaction occurred when Fe(II) was present and goethite was absent. Several abiotic experiments were conducted with goethite at 30 °C in which the total amount of Fe(II) in the system, the amount of sorbed Fe(II), the density of sorbed Fe(II), and the pH were varied. Regeneration of sorbed Fe(II) occurred when dissolved Fe2+ was available and maintained pseudo-first-order conditions with respect to CT. Analysis of the rates of CT loss for experiments with sorbed-Fe(II) regeneration showed the rate-determining-step to be first order with respect to CT, second order with respect to the volumetric concentration of sorbed Fe(II) (i.e., mmol sorbed Fe(II) L-1 suspension), and zero order with respect to H+ for pH between 4.2 and 7.3. The absolute rate constant for the reaction was determined to be 42 ± 5 M-2 s-1. Normalization of the observed rate constants to account for different goethite concentrations yielded reaction orders of one and zero, respectively, for CT and H+, and a second-order reaction with respect to the density of sorbed Fe(II) (i.e., mmol sorbed Fe(II) g-1 goethite). On the basis of the kinetic data, the rate-determining step is proposed to be a termolecular two-electron-transfer reaction involving two Fe2+ ions sorbed to adjacent sites on the goethite surface and a CCl4 molecule that approaches the surface. The primary role of the goethite surface, thus, is to catalyze the reaction by fixing the position of the two charged reactants in a geometry suitable for reaction with CT. In separate experiments, biogenic Fe(II) formed by the enzymatic reduction of goethite by the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga, strain BrY, dechlorinated CT. Of the CT degraded by abiotic and biogenic Fe(II) on goethite, 83−90% was converted to chloroform (CF), which accumulated in the reaction vial. These results indicate that dechlorination reactions in Fe(III)-reducing environments may indirectly result from the enzymatic or chemical reduction of Fe(III)-bearing minerals such as goethite.
MICROEMULSIONS AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN DYEING PROCESSES (1991)

Abstract Among organized molecular assemblies, microemulsions, transparent, homogeneous, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems, have been recently used in industrial domains close to the dyeing area. The evaluation of extending the microemulsion technique to dyeing processes is proposed reporting some encouraging results obtained by quantitative thermodynamic measurements and by traditional qualitative laboratory tests.
Aging resilient RO PUF with increased reliability in FPGA (2017)

Several design approaches have been proposed for IP protection, attestation, etc. of FPGA hardware designs and physical unclonable function (PUF) is one of the most popular amongst them. However, different transient variations like temperature, supply voltage and environmental noise make it challenging for a PUF to produce a reliable signature. Besides the above-mentioned issues that impact the transient reliability of PUFs, aging is another factor that produces irreversible impact on the reliability of PUFs. Though an aging resistant ring oscillator (RO) PUF has been proposed previously for ASIC design, implementing the same technique in FPGA is impossible as it involves redesigning the circuit at transistor level. In this paper, we propose an aging resilient RO PUF design on FPGA that exploits the SRAM cells and multiple paths available in FPGA look up tables (LUTs). The aging of our proposed RO PUF can be slowed down by putting the oscillation path into sleep mode. Experimental measurements from Spartan 3A FPGA boards demonstrate that our proposed RO PUF is less affected by aging, the reliability of which increases by 37.4% on an average. Moreover, by comparing our design with conventional RO PUF in FPGA, the aging degradation decreases by 37%.
Molecular regionalization of the neocortex is disrupted inFgf8hypomorphic mutants (2003)

The neocortex is divided into multiple areas with specific architecture, molecular identity and pattern of connectivity with the dorsal thalamus. Gradients of transcription factor expression in the cortical primordium regulate molecular regionalization and potentially the patterning of thalamic projections. We show that reduction of Fgf8 levels in hypomorphic mouse mutants shifts early gradients of gene expression rostrally, thereby modifying the molecular identity of rostral cortical progenitors. This shift correlates with a reduction in the size of a molecularly defined rostral neocortical domain and a corresponding rostral expansion of more caudal regions. Despite these molecular changes, the topography of projections between the dorsal thalamus and rostral neocortex in mutant neonates appears the same as the topography of wild-type littermates. Overall, our study demonstrates the role of endogenous Fgf8 in regulating early gradients of transcription factors in cortical progenitor cells and in molecular regionalization of the cortical plate.
Novel birefringence compensating AWG design (2002)

We propose a novel birefringence compensating arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) design that utilizes birefringence dependence on core width. We successfully demonstrated a polarization insensitive 100 GHz-spaced 16-channel multiplexer with a polarization dependent wavelength shift of 0.01 nm.
Xsketch: a multi-user sketching tool for X11 (1990)

This is a report of work-in-progress on a multi-user sketching tool. The intent behind the project is to produce a simple tool for use in multi-user design and brainstorming sessions. The tool, xsketch, is intended to function across existing internetwork facilities and run on a variety of platforms. This paper covers the requirements and design goals for the tool. Details of a prototype implementation are given along with a list of known problems, shortcomings, and possible extensions.
A High Performance Controller for NAND Flash-based Solid State Disk (NSSD) (2006)

NAND flash memory based solid-state disk (NSSD) has been used for industrial and military use due to its high reliability and shock resistance. With the bit cost reduction of flash memory and the explosive growth of flash market, NSSD is expected to penetrate into diverse applications such as mobile thin clients, car navigation systems and movie players, which prefer low power consumption, high reliability, high performance and so on. This paper mainly focuses on the development of a high performance and cost-efficient controller for NSSD, with the aim of describing both hardware and software architectures. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, we show performance, power consumption and start-up time evaluation results over magnetic disks using third party benchmark tools
Excision of uracil residues in DNA: mechanism of action ofEscherichia coliandMicrococcus luteusuracil-DNA glycosylases (1985)

Various octadeoxynucleotides containing uracil at different positions were synthesized and submitted to the action of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus uracil-DNA glycosylases. A uracil residue situated at the 5'-end was excised by the M.luteus enzyme but not by the E.coli one. Uracil residues located at the ultimate and penultimate positions at the 3'-end were not cleaved by either enzymes. At the other central positions, uracil was eliminated with different initial velocities. Single stranded phi X 174 DNA fragments were used to study the influence of the sequence. Cytosine bases were deaminated to give uracil by bisulfite treatment. It was shown that the initial excision velocity of two vicinal uracil residues was decreased. The same observation was made for two uracils separated by one base. A hypothetical scheme is suggested to explain the mechanism of action of uracil-DNA glycosylases.
H-MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain using adiabatic refocusing pulses at 7T (2008)

Purpose: Proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), the preferred method of choice to detect the spatial distribution of metabolites in the human brain, is challenging on high field systems. To overcome inhomogeneity of the B1 transmit field, and the increased chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) when moving to 7T, we used adiabatic refocusing pulses with sharp slice selection profiles to produce a localized spin echo.
Devimistat in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase Ib Multicenter Clinical Trial (BilT-04) (2023)

Devimistat in combination with GC is well tolerated and has an acceptable safety profile in patients with untreated advanced BTC.