gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Homing Glycol Chitosan-Based Optical/PET Dual Imaging Nanoprobe for Cancer Diagnosis (2014)

Imaging techniques including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) offer many potential benefits to diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Each method has its own strong and weak points. Therefore, multimodal imaging techniques have been highlighted as an alternative method for overcoming the limitations of each respective imaging method. In this study, we fabricated PET/optical activatable imaging probe based on glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for multimodal imaging. To prepare the dual PET/optical probes based on CNPs, both (64)Cu radiolabeled DOTA complex and activatable matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive peptide were chemically conjugated onto azide-functionalized CNPs via bio-orthogonal click chemistry, which was a reaction between azide group and dibenzyl cyclooctyne. The PET/optical activatable imaging probes were visualized by PET and optical imaging system. Biodistribution of probes and activity of MMP were successfully measured in tumor-bearing mice.
A Method for Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solids at Ultra High Frequencies (1954)

First Page
Using eye-tracking to identify pedestrians’ critical visual tasks. Part 2. Fixation on pedestrians (2014)

This article investigates different approaches to the interpretation of eye-tracking video records of pedestrians walking outdoors to determine the apparent importance of fixation on other pedestrians and how this is influenced by the frequency of occurrence. The three approaches were as follows: the proportion of time that fixations were on pedestrians (14%), a common approach to interpretation; the proportion of fixations at critical moments that were on pedestrians (23%), critical moments being defined by a delayed response to a dual task; and the probability of an approaching pedestrian being fixated at least once (86%). These data were compared against the number of pedestrians encountered during the trials; the proportion of all fixations and the probability of fixating people were affected by the number of people encountered – only the critical-fixations data did not exhibit a trend.
The significance of core-level electron binding energies on the proper analysis of InGaAs interfacial bonding (2009)

The detection and removal of interfacial oxides on InGaAs semiconductors is of critical importance for their implementation as high-mobility channels for improved complementary metal oxide semiconductor device performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful tool to determine the chemical bonding at these interfaces. To correctly analyze these spectra, one must consider the binding energies and escape depths of the core-level electrons being detected, as monolayer level interfacial oxides (As–O and Ga–O) are detectable only in certain surface sensitive spectral regions. Also, inherent asymmetries associated with the In spectra must be taken into account for analysis of In-oxide bonding.
The chemistry of heterocycles. IV. 2H‐pyrido[4,3‐e]‐1,3‐oxazine‐2,4(3H)‐dione, its precursors and some 3‐substituted derivatives. (1966)

Abstract The preparation of 2H‐pyrido[4, 3‐e]‐1, 3‐oxazine‐2, 4(3H)‐dione (II) and the anisoyl, benzoyl, 4‐chlorobenzoyl, trans ‐cinnamoyl, 3, 5‐dinitrobenzoyl, 2‐furoyl, and 2‐naphthoyl derivatives substituted at position 3 of II together with their infrared and ultraviolet spectra are described. The 3‐substituted 2 and 4‐(2‐pyridylethyl) and hydroxymethyl derivatives of quinolinimide and cinchomeronimide were also prepared and their spectra recorded.
A Detailed Analysis Scheme to Interpret Multiple Photon Emissions Micrograph for Improved Diagnostic Resolution on Open Defects (2017)

Abstract Photon Emission Microscopy is the most widely used mainstream defect isolation technique in failure analysis labs. It is easy to perform and has a fast turnaround time for results. However, interpreting a photon emission micrograph to postulate the suspected defect site accurately is challenging when there are multiple abnormal hotspots and driving nets involved. This is commonly encountered in dynamic emission micrographs that are caused by open defects in digital logic. This paper presents a methodology incorporating layout-aware trace analysis and post schematic extraction with test bench analysis to enhance the diagnostic resolution on the suspected defective net(s).
Clinical Evaluation of Freezedried Bone Allografts in Periodontal Osseous Defects‐Part II (1978)

Freeze-dried crushed cortical bone allografts were implanted into widemouthed three-wall, two-wall, one-wall, combination, and furcation defects. One hundred eighty-nine sites were reentered in 97 patients and of these 60% had osseous regeneration of greater than 50%. A total of 231 sites were evaluated for pocket elimination, of which 63% demonstrated greater than 50% pocket reduction. This study presented additional evidence indicating that freeze-dried bone allografts have definite potential as grafting material in certain periodontal osseous defects. Information from additional cases is being tabulated as it becomes available and will supplement the current data.
Mode of Action of Colicins of Types E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , and K (1968)

The effect of colicins on deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis, and also their effect on the ability of T4 phage to replicate in Escherichia coli K-12, were studied. Colicins of type K inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and phage growth. Among colicins of type E, there was an absolute correlation between mode of action and subdivision into types E(1), E(2), and E(3).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of the Zaragozic Acids: Equilibrium Control of Stereochemistry in the Dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane Core. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
cis-Stereoisomers of β-carotene and its congeners in the alga Dunaliella bardawil, and their biogenetic interrelationships (1993)

The acyclic carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene, which are precursors of 9-cis-β-carotene produced by the alga Dunaliella bardawil, have been separated and characterised. Spectroscopic data, and comparison with synthetic model compounds and corresponding carotenoids found in the fruits of the Tangerine tomato Lycopersicon esculentum var., establish that the pigments have the stereochemistries 15-cis-6 and 9-cis-11 respectively. The data suggest that phytoene 6 is the clear branch point for the formation of 9-cis-β-carotene 2 in D. bardawil. In addition, spectroscopic data for β-carotene isolated from D. bardawil showed that it was isomerically pure 9-cis-β-carotene 2.
Broadband GaAs MESFET and GaN HEMT resistive feedback power amplifiers (2000)

We report 0.2 to 6-GHz MMIC power amplifiers with 12-dB gain, over 23-dBm output power, and more than 25% power-added efficiency (PAE) in a GaAs MESFET technology offering 18 GHz f/sub /spl tau// and 12-V breakdown. These circuits have gain-bandwidth products of /spl sim/1.3/spl middot/f/sub /spl tau// and are more efficient than distributed power amplifiers. A first demonstration of similar circuits in GaN/AlGaN HEMT technology yielded 11-dB gain, 0.2 to 7.5-GHz bandwidth amplifiers with over 31.5-dBm output power and up to 15% PAE. With improved devices and models we expect significantly higher power from the GaN HEMT circuits.
New method to characterize microbial diversity using flow cytometry (2005)

The majority of microorganisms have yet to be cultivated and represent a vast uncharacterized and untapped resource. Here, we report the utilization of a combination of flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular genetics to develop new methodologies to access and characterize biodiversity in microbial samples. We demonstrate that fluorescent dyes and combinations of dyes can selectively stain portions of bacterial populations that can be isolated as sub-populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Microbial sub-populations obtained by FACS differ substantially from the original microbial population, as demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and determination of 16S rRNA gene sequences. These sub-populations can subsequently be used to inoculate microbial growth media, allowing the isolation of different microbial species from those that can be readily cultivated from the original sample using the same microbial growth media. When this technique was applied to the analysis of activated-sludge and Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal vent samples, comparative analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that FACS allowed the detection of numerous bacterial species, including previously unknown species, not readily detectable in the original sample due to low relative abundance. This approach may result in a convenient methodology to more thoroughly characterize microbial biodiversity.
A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model (2020)

In rodent models, tail vein injections are important methods for intravenous administration of experimental agents. Tail vein injections typically involve warming of the animal to promote vasodilation, which aids in both the identification of the blood vessels and positioning of the needle into the vessel lumen while securely restraining the animal. Although tail vein injections are common procedures in many protocols and are not considered highly technical if performed correctly, accurate and consistent injections are crucial to obtain reproducible results and minimize variability. Conventional methods for inducing vasodilation prior to tail vein injections generally depend on the use of a heat source such as a heat lamp, electrical/rechargeable heat pads, or pre-heated water at 37 °C. Despite being readily accessible in a standard laboratory setting, these tools evidently suffer from poor/limited thermo-regulatory capacity. Similarly, although various forms of restraining devices are commercially available, they must be used carefully to avoid trauma to the animals. These limitations of the current methods create unnecessary variables in experiments or result in varying outcomes between experiments and/or laboratories. In this article, we demonstrate an improved protocol using an innovative device that combines an independent, thermally regulated, warming device with an adjustable restraining unit into one system for efficient streamlined tail vein injection. The example we use is an intravenous model of fungal bloodstream infection that results in sepsis. The warming apparatus consists of a heat-reflective acrylic box installed with an adjustable automatic thermostat to maintain the internal temperature at a pre-set threshold. Likewise, the width and height of the cone restraining apparatus can be adjusted to safely accommodate various rodent sizes. With the advanced and versatile features of the device, the technique shown here could become a useful tool across a range of research areas involving rodent models that employ tail vein injections.
An Objective Metric of Human Subjective Audio Quality Optimized for a Wide Range of Audio Fidelities (2007)

The goal of this paper is to develop an audio quality metric that can accurately quantify subjective quality over audio fidelities ranging from highly impaired to perceptually lossless. As one example of its utility, such a metric would allow scalable audio coding algorithms to be easily optimized over their entire operating ranges. We have found that the ITU-recommended objective quality metric, ITU-R BS.1387, does not accurately predict subjective audio quality over the wide range of fidelity levels of interest to us. In developing the desired universal metric, we use as a starting point the model output variables (MOVs) that make up BS.1387 as well as the energy equalization truncation threshold which has been found to be particularly useful for highly impaired audio. To combine these MOVs into a single quality measure that is both accurate and robust, we have developed a hybrid least-squares/minimax optimization procedure. Our test results show that the minimax-optimized metric is up to 36% lower in maximum absolute error compared to a similar metric designed using the conventional least-squares procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: DIETHINYLCARBENE AND 2,4‐PENTADIYNYLIDENE (1976)

Abstract Die Bamford‐Stevens‐Reaktion der Li‐Diäthinyl‐Derivate (Ia) bzw. (Ib) in der l0fachen Menge der Olefine (II) liefert über die reaktiven Diazomethane (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) und die daraus entstehenden Carbene (IVa) bzw. (IVb) die entsprechenden Cyclopropane (V) und die Pyrazole (VIa) bzw. (VIb).
Mitochondrial precursor proteins are imported through a hydrophilic membrane environment (1987)

We have analyzed how translocation intermediates of imported mitochondrial precursor proteins, which span contact sites, interact with the mitochondrial membranes. F1-ATPase subunit beta (F1 beta) was trapped at contact sites by importing it into Neurospora mitochondria in the presence of low levels of nucleoside triphosphates. This F1 beta translocation intermediate could be extracted from the membranes by treatment with protein denaturants such as alkaline pH or urea. By performing import at low temperatures, the ADP/ATP carrier was accumulated in contact sites of Neurospora mitochondria and cytochrome b2 in contact sites of yeast mitochondria. These translocation intermediates were also extractable from the membranes at alkaline pH. Thus, translocation of precursor proteins across mitochondrial membranes seems to occur through an environment which is accessible to aqueous perturbants. We propose that proteinaceous structures are essential components of a translocation apparatus present in contact sites.
Tekelec's Transport Adapter Layer Interface (2001)

This document proposes the interfaces of a Signaling Gateway, which provides interworking between the Switched Circuit Network (SCN) and an IP network. Since the Gateway is the central point of signaling information, not only does it provide transportation of signaling from one network to another, but it can also provide additional functions such as protocol translation, security screening, routing information, and seamless access to Intelligent Network (IN) services on both networks.
Density Measurement of NaCl-MgCl<sub>2</sub>-PuCl<sub>3</sub> and NaCl-UCl<sub>3</sub>-PuCl<sub>3</sub> Molten Salt Systems by Neutron Radiographic Dilatometry (2023)

A novel neutron radiographic technique was developed and implemented to measure the change in volume as a function of temperature of select plutonium-containing liquid chloride mixtures from melt to 1250 K. These measurements were performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory by members of the molten salt research group under support from Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) voucher NE-21-25117: “Density Measurements of Plutonium Bearing Salts via Neutron Beam Dilatometry”. This technical report contains a description of the experimental method and a summary of the results. Initial characterization of the {NaCl, MgCl2, UCl3, PuCl3} salts used in this experiment includes a combination of x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, gamma ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Four samples of NaCl + MgCl2 + x mol% PuCl3 and four samples of NaCl + UCl3 + x mol% PuCl3 were prepared at the Plutonium Facility, shipped to the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), and radiographed with the density via neutron radiography (DvNR) apparatus. Density data in the form of meniscus heights were recorded as a function of temperature. The results show a linear dependence of density with temperature and a third order polynomial dependence of density with composition as a function of PuCl3 addition in the corresponding halide salt mixture. Additions of PuCl3 result in a significant increase in density of the salt mixture and a slight reduction in the coefficient of volumetric expansion. These results represent a first measurement of the density of plutonium chloride salt mixtures and, in combination with additional measurements, may lead to a generalized description of the density of such salt systems for arbitrary compositions and temperature.
LA SECURITE DES ENFANTS DANS LES VOITURES : ACCIDENTOLOGIE ET UTILISATION DES DISPOSITIFS DE RETENUE (JOURNEE SPECIALISEE DU 22 JANVIER 1998) (1998)

Lors de cette journee specialisee, seuls deux sujets avaient ete retenus : l'accidentologie des enfants impliques dans un accident alors qu'ils utilisaient un dispositif de securite et les problemes d'utilisation rencontres par tous les types d'usagers. Il est incontestable que les taux d'utilisation des dispositifs de retenue par les enfants, notamment les plus petits, ont augmente depuis 1992, date de l'entree en vigueur de l'obligation d'utilisation. Mais les valeurs sont loin de celles escomptees et les retombees sur les impliques en accidents ne sont pas encore celles esperees. Il reste un grand travail a accomplir dans tous les domaines pour atteindre les objectifs, a savoir une diminution sensible du nombre des enfants tues ou blesses gravement dans les accidents de la circulation. Il a ete montre que les progres technologiques restent a faire pour concevoir des dispositifs encore plus efficaces, mais l'accent a surtout ete mis essentiellement sur les problemes d'utilisation. Tous les participants ont insiste fortement sur le nombre eleve d'utilisations incorrectes observees, et sur la pietre qualite des montages faits par les parents, ce qui aboutit a une diminution de l'efficacite offerte par les dispositifs. Ce constat a ete le point le plus longuement debattu lors de la table ronde qui cloturait la journee.
Occurrence of a new cephalosporoate in a culture broth of a Cephalosporium acremonium mutant. (1975)

A new metabolite was isolated from the culture filtrate of a deacetylcephalosporin C-producing mutant, derived from Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 14553, by means of adsorption on activated carbon, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and gel filtration through a Sephadex G-10 column. The compound was identified as D-5-amino-5-carboxyvaleramido-(5-formyl-4-carboxy-2H, 3H, 6H-tetrahydro-1, 3-thiazinyl) glycine by spectral analyses, elucidation of hydrolysis products of the compound, and comparison of characteristics of the compound with those of a synthetic authentic compound.
Ballistic transmission of composite fermions in a side-gated crossed-wire junction (1996)

We have studied the negative bend resistance phenomena in a side-gated crossed-wire junction in the fractional quantum Hall regime. The dip near zero magnetic field due to electrons and that near the filling factor 1/2 due to composite fermions are both enhanced as the channel is squeezed. The width of the dips in the magnetic field exhibits opposite behavior as a function of gate voltage, implying that the effective potential that the composite fermions experience is different from that of the electrons. The gradual variation of the electron density due to the lateral potential depletion is anticipated to result in a deviation of the effective magnetic field in the vicinity of the channel boundary. We numerically examine the effects of a nonuniform magnetic field on the transmission properties. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Robust boundary detection for skin lesions (2002)

Standard edge detectors for skin lesion boundary detection have serious shortcomings. Those giving sufficiently detailed borders are sensitive to image noise including spurious small scale structure and those tolerant of noise involve low-pass filtering which loses border detail. Edge focusing allows accurate lesion boundary detection whilst being insensitive to image noise.
Optical limiting with semiconductors (1988)

We present a detailed characterization of the output of passive semiconductor-based optical limiters. These devices utilize two-photon absorption along with photogenerated carrier defocusing within the material to limit the output fluence and irradiance. In addition to protecting downstream optical components, the focusing geometry combined with these nonlinearities makes the devices self-protecting. Such devices have a broad working wavelength range since both the initial two-photon absorption and the subsequent carrier refraction are slowly varying funtions of wavelength. For example, ZnSe should have a useful range of from 0.5 to 0.85 μm. In this material we have observed the onset of limiting at input powers as low as 80 W when using 10-nsec, 0.53 μm input pulses. At the same wavelength, when 30 psec pulses into a monolithic ZnSe limiter are used, limiting begins at ≃300 W or 10 nJ. We also monitored the output spatial energy distribution along with the temporal response at each position, using a 2-psec-resolution streak camera. We found that the output fluence along with the output irradiance is effectively limited below detector damage thresholds over an input range of 4 orders of magnitude. Additionally, since both two-photon absorption and the associated self-defocusing increase with decreasing band-gap energy, similar devices using narrow-gap semiconductors should have considerably lower limiting thresholds.
A high-pressure /sup 3/He gas scintillation neutron spectrometer (1986)

A high-pressure, /sup 3/He-Xe gas scintillation spectrometer has been developed for neutron spectroscopy on D-D fusion plasmas. The spectrometer exhibits an energy resolution of (121 +- 20 keV) keV (FWHM) at 2.5 MeV and an efficiency of (1.9 +- 0.4) x 10/sup -3/ (n/cm/sup 2/)/sup -1/. The contribution to the resolution (FWHM) from counting statistics is only (22 +- 3 keV) keV and the remainder is due predominantly to the variation of light collection efficiency with location of neutron events within the active volume of the detector.
Kinetic EPR studies of the decay of tert-butyl alkoxy, silyloxy, germyloxy, and stannyloxy nitroxides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic EPR studies of the decay of tert-butyl alkoxy, silyloxy, germyloxy, and stannyloxy nitroxidesMarco Lucarini, Gian Franco Pedulli, Angelo Alberti, and Massimo BenagliaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9603–9607Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts