gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring variation in reading comprehension among young adult Spanish–English bilinguals: The role of environmental language contact and attitudes toward reading (2017)

Aims: The goal of this study was to investigate diversity among Spanish–English bilingual university-level students’ reading outcomes and the impact of reading attitudes, motivation, and variation in language environment. Design: The current study included 50 Spanish–English bilingual undergraduate students, mean age 21.8 years, from a university in the western United States. Participants were administered a battery of standardized assessments including measures of executive function, English reading comprehension, working memory, non-verbal IQ, and questionnaires addressing language environment, language behaviour, and attitudes toward reading in English and Spanish. Data and analysis: Hierarchical linear regression models regressing reading performance on questionnaire responses were performed. Findings: Spanish–English bilingual university students showed differential reading comprehension outcomes, which were significantly predicted by differences in attitudes toward reading, extrinsic and/or instrumental motivation, and environmental language usage. A combined model of IQ, working memory, perceived English reading skills, and composite of positive attitudes toward reading in Spanish and English accounted for the most variance in reading comprehension scores, 38.5%, F(2,502), p = .03. Greater Spanish use for workplace customer communication significantly predicted higher English reading comprehension. Originality: Distinct from previous research, learners’ perceived value of Spanish reading and use of Spanish in the workplace accounted for variance in English reading outcomes. Significance: Our findings that individual and environmental factors influence variation in reading outcomes indicates further heterogeneity among Spanish–English bilingual university students, with potential implications for reading development and university success.
Triaxial induction tool response in dipping and crossbedded formations (2014)

Crossbedding phenomena have been observed in multiple sedimentary environments. In such environments, including crossbedding in the forward model becomes necessary in understanding its influence on the tool response. In addition, an accurate estimation of bedding dip, resistivity, and anisotropy in the presence of crossbedding requires that a crossbed model be employed in the forward solver. The existing forward crossbed model is relatively slow because of repetitive computation for transmission and reflection matrices. In addition, the only application of this method reported in the literature is to vertical well scenarios. We have developed a new method that is applicable to both vertical and deviated wells. Moreover, the new method is more efficient since the transmission and reflection matrices are computed only once regardless of source orientation. In this paper, we introduce this new method and present simulation results for some typical situations.
De novo synthesis of monoterpenes bySaccharomyces cerevisiaewine yeasts (2004)

This paper reports the production of monoterpenes, which elicit a floral aroma in wine, by strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Terpenes, which are typical components of the essential oils of flowers and fruits, are also present as free and glycosylated conjugates amongst the secondary metabolites of certain wine grape varieties of Vitis vinifera. Hence, when these compounds are present in wine they are considered to originate from grape and not fermentation. However, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes by S. cerevisiae in the absence of grape derived precursors is shown here to be of de novo origin in wine yeast strains. Higher concentration of assimilable nitrogen increased accumulation of linalool and citronellol. Microaerobic compared with anaerobic conditions favored terpene accumulation in the ferment. The amount of linalool produced by some strains of S. cerevisiae could be of sensory importance in wine production. These unexpected results are discussed in relation to the known sterol biosynthetic pathway and to an alternative pathway for terpene biosynthesis not previously described in yeast.
About the role of antibodies formation in the decrease of therapeutic effect of captopril in patients with arterial hypertension (1998)

Captopril being hapten is connected with blood serum albumin and is capable to induce antibodies elaboration. Captopril conjugate with bull serum albumin can be used as a specific diagnosticum for the hardphase immunofermental analysis. Specific immunoglobulins are one of the factors of the escaping effect development of the captopril hypotensive action.
Interaction of the Z domain of human ADAR1 with a negatively supercoiled plasmid visualized by atomic force microscopy (2004)

Interest to the left-handed DNA conformation has been recently boosted by the findings that a number of proteins contain the Zalpha domain, which has been shown to specifically recognize Z-DNA. The biological function of Zalpha is presently unknown, but it has been suggested that it may specifically direct protein regions of Z-DNA induced by negative supercoiling in actively transcribing genes. Many studies, including a crystal structure in complex with Z-DNA, have focused on the human ADAR1 Zalpha domain in isolation. We have hypothesized that the recognition of a Z-DNA sequence by the Zalpha(ADAR1) domain is context specific, occurring under energetic conditions, which favor Z-DNA formation. To test this hypothesis, we have applied atomic force microscopy to image Zalpha(ADAR1) complexed with supercoiled plasmid DNAs. We have demonstrated that the Zalpha(ADAR1) binds specifically to Z-DNA and preferentially to d(CG)(n) inserts, which require less energy for Z-DNA induction compared to other sequences. A notable finding is that site-specific Zalpha binding to d(GC)(13) or d(GC)(2)C(GC)(10) inserts is observed when DNA supercoiling is insufficient to induce Z-DNA formation. These results indicate that Zalpha(ADAR1) binding facilities the B-to-Z transition and provides additional support to the model that Z-DNA binding proteins may regulate biological processes through structure-specific recognition.
Concise Synthesis of Highly Substituted Benzo[a]quinolizines by a Multicomponent Reaction/Allylation/Heck Reaction Sequence (2011)

Abstract The combination of the recently developed multicomponent construction of highly substituted 3,4‐dihydropyridones with subsequent allylation and intramolecular Heck‐type cyclization allows the straightforward construction of benzo[ a ]quinolizines, a class of polycyclic compounds that – despite their interesting pharmacological and photochemical properties – have little precedent in the literature. After optimization of the individual steps, we used this reliable three‐step sequence to generate a small library of diversely substituted benzo[ a ]quinolizines and various heterocyclic analogs.
Promising process for synthesis of 3,5-xylenol from isophorone (2006)

A thermocatalytic process for the synthesis of 3,5-xylenol from isophorone over a silicon dioxide catalyst promoted by iron oxides was developed. The process holds promise for commercialization.
Paper 8: Boiler Circulating Canned Motor Pumps (1969)

This paper presents all the technical aspects of the pump constructed by Société Rateau for the first French 600-MW controlled circulation boiler. First, the general organization of the pump with an underslung motor will be presented, then each of the most important sub-sections of the machine will be described: the two-discharge branch volute, the thermal barrier, the fixing system of the inductor internal sleeve, the multi-pad hydrodynamic bearings and thrust, the tight terminals, etc. For each of these parts the authors will give the reasons that led to their selection and will present alternative solutions used on other machines. The paper will also describe the pump isolating elements such as valve and double wedge gates. Finally, the test loop on which the prototype pump has been tested at full power and temperature will be discussed, and the main results will be presented.
THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A FOULING RESISTANT MARINE FISH CAGE SYSTEM (1978)

Abstract A prototype low‐maintenance modular marine cage‐culture system for commercial use has been developed and is presently in service at Maine Salmon Farms, Wiscasset, Maine. The basic component of the cage system is a 1 times 3 m fiberglass frame covered with 90/10 copper‐nickel expandedmetal mesh of 76% open area. These panels are interconnected along with other fiberglass structurals, fittings and modular float units to form a 57 m 3 rigid, floating cage system. The modular design allows this concept to be readily adapted to larger size floating cages, as well as submerged or bottom mounted applications. The excellent engineering properties of 90/10 copper‐nickel, coupled with its inherent resistance to biofouling, are the keys to the projected long, useful service life and low maintenance requirements. Design details, performance specifications and economic analysis, for both the prototype and larger future nested commercial systems, are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Cation‐Initiated Diels‐Alder Di‐ and Trimerization of 3,4‐Dimethoxypropenylbenzene: Stereochemical Correlation with the Lignans Galbulin and Isogalbulin. (1989)

Abstract Diels‐Alder reaction of methylisoeugenol (I) initiated by the radical cation salt BAHA leads to the compounds (II) and (III) as well as to the trimers (IVa)‐(VIIb).
Automated Data-Driven Physics Discovery of Turbine Component Damage (2022)

Abstract We propose an automated physics discovery algorithm for turbine component damage modeling. Our algorithm utilizes operational data of a mechanical component and discovers an interpretable symbolic formula that describes the physics. We illustrate our algorithm through two numerical examples and demonstrate that the discovered formulas can predict the future damage accurately. Our framework is flexible and easily applicable to all areas of science and engineering. With cutting-edge machine learning tools, researchers can simply input the experimental data and then the physics formulas are printed out automatically. The application of this new algorithm may reduce the time spent on research and development of physics models significantly, while achieving almost the best accuracy in prediction.
Minimum-Emission-Oriented Method for Calcium Fluoride for High-Quality Treatment of Wastewater Containing Fluoride Ion. (2003)

Wastewater containing fluoride is released by various industries. In 2001, the effluent standard for fluoride was revised from 15 to 8 mg·l-1 in Japan. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified method for high-quality treatment of fluoride in wastewater. The calcium fluoride method is one of the conventional methods of removing fluoride from wastewater. However, the concentration of fluoride in the effluent obtained by this method has not been considered suitable based on the new effluent standard. In this paper, the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere on the reaction between calcium ion and fluoride ion was assessed based on chemical equilibrium. It is found that CO2 in the atmosphere interferes with fluoride removal efficiency and produces a large amount of sludge by forming calcium carbonate. In order to confirm these phenomena, experiments using real wastewater under normal and degassed conditions were carried out not only by measuring the fluoride concentration in the wastewater, but also by characterizing the properties of the formed sludge. As a result, the calcium fluoride method under degassed conditions is suggested to be a very promising method for treatment of wastewater containing fluoride from the viewpoint of minimum emission.
Effect of finite size of ground plane on the impedance of a monopole immersed in a lossy medium (1979)

The effect of finite size of the ground plane on the impedance of a monopole immersed in a lossy medium is studied. The theoretical results show that for water medium and for the ratio of the ground-plane radius to free-space wavelength equal to and greater than 0.2, the effect of ground plane on the monopole impedance is negligible.
Control of phase separation and voiding in oil-filled polypropylene (1974)

The physical properties, morphologies, and fracture characteristics of samples injection molded from blends of polypropylene and a low-viscosity hydrocarbon oil are described. Unexpectedly large improvements in mechanical and optical properties are found to occur on the addition of a nucleating agent (copper phthalocyanine). Both the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of unnucleated samples are doubled by incorporation of as little as 0.01% of the nucleant. Similar increases in the properties of unnucleated blends are observed when the barrel temperature of the molding machine is reduced. In both cases, marked improvements in visual uniformity occur. It is shown that these gains can be correlated with improved dispersion of the oil as spherulite size is reduced.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of the α Subunit of Human Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase (1995)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens. The vertebrate enzyme is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer in which the alpha subunits contribute to most parts of the two catalytic sites. To study the roles of histidine and cysteine residues in this catalytic activity we converted all 5 histidines that are conserved between species, 4 nonconserved histidines, and 3 conserved cysteines of the human alpha subunit individually to serine and expressed the mutant alpha subunits together with the wild-type beta subunit in insect cells by means of baculovirus vectors. Mutation of any of the 3 conserved histidines, residues 412, 483, and 501, inactivated the enzyme completely or essentially completely, with no effect on tetramer assembly or binding of the tetramer to poly(L-proline). These histidines are likely to provide the three ligands needed for the binding of Fe2+ to a catalytic site. Mutation of either of the other 2 conserved histidines reduced the amount of enzyme tetramer by 20-25% and the activity of the tetramer by 30-60%. Mutation of the nonconserved histidine 324 totally prevented tetramer assembly, whereas mutation of the 3 other nonconserved histidines had no effects. Two of the 3 cysteine to serine mutations, those involving residues 486 and 511, totally prevented tetramer assembly under the present conditions, whereas the third, involving residue 150, had only a minor effect in reducing tetramer assembly and activity. The data do not support previous suggestions that cysteine residues are involved in Fe2+ binding sites. Additional mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the two glycosylated asparagines have no role in tetramer assembly or catalytic activity.
Calibração de câmaras: métodos Pin Hole e Tsai (2004)

utilizando Visao Computacional e geralmente necessario determinar o(s) modelo(s) da(s) câmara(s)/projector(es) utilizado(s), que transforma(m) pontos no espaco tridimensional em pontos no plano imagem e vice-versa. A determinacao dos modelos da câmara e do projector - isto e, a determinacao da geometria interna e das caracteristicas opticas (parâmetros intrinsecos) e/ou a orientacao e posicao 3D da câmara/projector relativamente a um certo sistema de coordenadas mundo (parâmetros extrinsecos - o processo de determinacao destes parâmetros e por vezes designado por estimativa da pose) - e designada por calibracao.
p4pktgen (2018)

With the rise of programmable network switches, network infrastructure is becoming more flexible and more capable than ever before. Programming languages such as P4 lower the barrier for changing the inner workings of network switches and offer a uniform experience across different devices. However, this programmability also brings the risk of introducing hard-to-catch bugs at a level that was previously covered by well-tested devices with a fixed set of capabilities. Subtle discrepancies between different implementations pose a risk of introducing bugs at a layer that is opaque to the user.
Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Stability, and Electrical Properties of Nb-, Zr-, and Nb-Codoped BaCeO3 Perovskites (2011)

We report the effect of donor-doped perovskite-type BaCeO(3) on the chemical stability in CO(2) and boiling H(2)O and electrical transport properties in various gas atmospheres that include ambient air, N(2), H(2), and wet and dry H(2). Formation of perovskite-like BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) and BaCe(0.9-x)Zr(x)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) (x = 0.1; 0.2) was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED). The lattice constant was found to decrease with increasing Nb in BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ), which is consistent with Shannon's ionic radius trend. Like BaCeO(3), BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) was found to be chemically unstable in 50% CO(2) at 700 °C, while Zr doping for Ce improves the structural stability of BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ). AC impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate electrical conductivity, and it was found to vary with the atmospheric conditions and showed mixed ionic and electronic conduction in H(2)-containing atmosphere. Arrhenius-like behavior was observed for BaCe(0.9-x)Zr(x)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) at 400-700 °C, while Zr-free BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) exhibits non-Arrhenius behavior at the same temperature range. Among the perovskite-type oxides investigated in the present work, BaCe(0.8)Zr(0.1)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) showed the highest bulk electrical conductivity of 1.3 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) in wet H(2) at 500 °C, which is comparable to CO(2) and H(2)O unstable high-temperature Y-doped BaCeO(3) proton conductors.
Optimization and performance of an optical cardiomagnetometer (2005)

Cardiomagnetometry is a growing field of noninvasive medical diagnostics that has triggered a need for affordable high-sensitivity magnetometers. Optical pumping magnetometers (OPMs) are promising candidates for satisfying that need since it has been demonstrated that they can be used to map the magnetic field of the beating human heart. We discuss the principle of a phase-detecting OPM and describe the procedures used to optimize its performance. The optimized OPM has an intrinsic magnetometric sensitivity of 63 fT/Hz^1/2 and a measurement bandwidth of 140 Hz with a spatial resolution of 28 mm, measured in a weakly shielded environment. We further discuss the fundamental limitations of frequency- and phase-detecting magnetometers on the basis of information theory.
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe: 1990–2010 (2014)

In highly developed countries, prevalence of blindness and MSVI has been reduced by 50% and 38%, respectively, and the number of blind people and people with MSVI decreased by 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively, even with the increasing number of older people in the population. In high-income countries, macular degeneration has become the most important cause of blindness, but uncorrected refractive errors continue to be the leading cause of MSVI.
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia/Alumina Coatings Deposited by Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results Discussion Summary Acknowledgments
Unmasking cAMP signalling in adipocytes (2020)

In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions. In 2016, the World Health Organisation estimated that ca. 3 million people die each year due to complications from being overweight or obese. With more overweight population than ever, finding new targets to counteract obesity has become crucial. Recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been postulated as a potential target to increase thermogenic energy expenditure (EE) in order to treat or prevent obesity and its comorbidities. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. BAT thermogenesis is primarily mediated by activation of Gs‐coupled receptors such as the beta‐3 adrenergic receptor and the adenosine A 2A receptor, which both increase intracellular cAMP. In mature brown adipocytes, cAMP is well known to induce lipolysis and UCP1‐mediated mitochondrial uncoupling through activation of protein kinase A (PKA). However, the precise role of cAMP signaling in adipocyte precursor cells has so far not been well studied. Furthermore, the role of other cAMP effectors (e.g. Exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPAC)) in adipose tissue metabolism is not clear. Treatment of brown adipocyte precursor cells using analogs specific to different cAMP effectors induce distinct cellular responses. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to decipher the role of cAMP effectors, focusing on EPAC proteins, in adipocytes. We demonstrate that activation of mature adipocytes and proliferation of brown preadipocytes require the activation of distinct effectors and signaling pathways downstream of cAMP. Furthermore, browning of white adipocytes appears to follow similar patterns. Our data indicate that, depending on the effector, either PKA or EPAC, cAMP regulates browning of white adipocytes by different mechanisms. Moreover, in vivo deletion of EPAC leads to reduced oxygen consumption after high fat diet, demonstrating that the role of cAMP in adipocytes is still not fully understood. In conclusion, we show that the effects of cAMP in BAT and browning of WAT differ vastly depending on both the state of adipocyte differentiation as well as the downstream effector. Support or Funding Information Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany SFB1328, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg‐Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany