gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Thick Layers Grown on (1-100) and (11-20) Orientations of 4H-SiC (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ThinSight (2007)

ThinSight is a novel optical sensing system, fully integrated into a thin form factor display, capable of detecting multiple objects such as fingertips placed on or near the display surface. We describe this new hardware, and demonstrate how it can be embedded behind a regular LCD, allowing sensing without compromising display quality. Our aim is to capture rich sensor data through the display, which can be processed using computer vision techniques to enable interaction via multi-touch and physical objects. A major advantage of ThinSight over existing camera and projector based optical systems is its compact, low profile form factor making such interaction techniques more practical and deployable in real-world settings.
Generating and coding of fractal graphs by neural network and mathematical morphology methods (1996)

We present an algorithm for generating a class of self-similar (fractal) graphs using simple probabilistic logic neuron networks and show that the graphs can be represented by a set of compressed encoding. An algorithm for quickly finding the coding, i.e., recognizing the corresponding graphs, is given and the coding are shown to be optimal (i.e., of minimal length). The same graphs can also be generated by a mathematical morphology method. These results may possibly have applications in image compression and pattern recognition.
<title>Pyroelectric IR single-element detectors and arrays based on LiNbO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> and LiTaO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula></title> (1992)

Starting from a characterization of the used pyroelectric materials LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> and LiTaO<SUB>3</SUB> the paper describes the hybrid arrangement and essential properties of realized single- element detectors and arrays. It shows that the design and the production technique of pyroelectric chips have a strong influence on the thermal and spatial resolution of the detectors. This technique includes both the thinning process and reticulation of the chips, for which ion beam milling as a universal method was optimized and used. Single-element detectors with extremely thin, self-supporting LiTaO<SUB>3</SUB> chips (dp < 2 micrometers ) were produced. With a responsive element of 2 X 2 mm<SUP>2</SUP> in area, they have a specific detectivity D<SUP>*</SUP> (500 K; 10 Hz; 25 degree(s)C) > 1 X 10<SUP>9</SUP> cmHz<SUP>1/2</SUP>W<SUP>-1</SUP>. Linear arrays with 128 responsive elements of 90 X 100 micrometers <SUP>2</SUP> element size, 100 micrometers pitch, integrated readout circuit, and coated germanium window have a noise equivalent power (NEP) (500 K; 40 Hz; 25 degree(s)C) of 4 nW. The modulation transfer function MTF<SUB>S</SUB> (40 Hz; 31 p/mm; 25 degree(s)C) is 0.15 for pyroelectric chips without isolating grooves and was increased up to 0.45 by means of ion- beam milling of 10 micrometers wide isolating grooves between the responsive elements. First results of two-dimensional arrays with 128 X 128 elements, of 50 micrometers pitch and integrated CCD-readout circuit are presented.
A Novel Family of Structurally Characterized Lithium Cobalt Double Aryloxides and the Nanoparticles and Thin Films Generated Therefrom (2003)

The reaction between LiN(SiMe3)2 and Co(N(SiMe3)2)2 in THF followed by the addition of an aryl alcohol (HOAr) yielded: [Co[(μ-OAr)2Li(THF)x]2 [where x = 2: OAr =: OC6H4Me-2 (oMP, 1), OC6H4(OCHMe2)-2 (oPP, 2), OC6H3(Me)2-2,6 (DMP, 3); where x = 1: OAr = OC6H3(OCHMe2)2-2,6 (DIP, 4)]. Undertaking the same synthesis in pyridine (py) led to the same general structure with py molecules substituted for the THF solvent molecules: [Co[(μ-OAr)2Li(py)2]2 (OAr = oMP (5), oPP (6)]. For 1−6, the tetrahedrally (Td) bound Co atom bridges two OAr ligands to each of the Li atoms. The Li atom adopts a Td or trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) geometry, as determined by the number of bound solvent molecules. For the more sterically demanding ligands with py as the solvent, the mononuclear monometallic species [Co[(μ-OAr)2(py)x]2 (OAr = DMP (7), x = 2; DIP (8), x = 3) were observed adopting a Td or TBP geometry, respectively, based on the number of bound solvent molecules. Increasing the steric bulk of the OAr to OC6H3But2-2,6 (DBP) in either THF or py led to the isolation of the previously characterized [Li(DBP)(solv)]2. Calculated XRD powder patterns were generated from the single-crystal structure of 1−8 and used to verify the identity of the bulk powder. Attempts to use these compounds for MOCVD applications were not successful due to low volatility of these compounds. Attempts to generate nanoparticles of the spinel phase of LiCoO2 by injecting a py solution of 5 or 6 into boiling methyl-imidazole (MeIm)/H2O 95:5) led to nanoparticles of Co(OH)2 only, as characterized by XRD and TEM. Thin films of the spinel phase of LiCoO2 were formed by spin-cast deposition methods using 5 or 6 dissolved in a py/toluene mixture onto platinized silicon wafers followed by firing at 700 °C. Cyclic voltammetry revealed two irreversible oxidation processes followed by one reversible process, the latter of which is found to occur at about 4.2 V. XRD analysis of the thin film, both before and after electrochemical cycling, revealed only minimal variations in the crystal structure of the film after cycling. This family of compounds, even though stoichiometrically incorrect, have been shown to be useful for single-source applications in the solid and liquid techniques.
Comparison of macro-tip/tilt and mesoscale position beam-steering transducers for free-space optical communications using a quadrant photodiode sensor (2004)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to develop optical communication terminals for future spacecraft, especially in support of high data rate science missions and manned exploration of Mars. Future, very long-range missions, such as the Realistic Interstellar Explorer (RISE)1, will need optical downlink communications to enable even very low data rates. For all of these applications, very fine pointing and tracking is also required, with accuracies on the order of ± 1 &mu;rad or less and peak-to-peak ranges of ± 10 mrad or more. For these applications, it will also be necessary to implement very compact, lightweight and low-power precision beam-steering technologies. Although current commercial-off-the-shelf devices, such as macro-scale piezo-driven tip/tilt actuators exist, which approach mission requirements, they are too large, heavy, and power consuming for projected spacecraft mass and power budgets. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has adopted a different approach to beam-steering in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We are testing and planning to eventually package a highly accurate large dynamic range meso-scale position transducer under development at NIST. In this paper we will describe a generic package design of an optical communications terminal incorporating the NIST prototype beam-steerer. We will also show test results comparing the performance of the NIST prototype meso-scale position beam-steerer to a commercial macro-tip/tilt actuator using a quad-cell tracking sensor.
Maximum rate of force development is increased by antagonist conditioning contraction (1994)

Nine subjects performed maximum contractions with the knee extensor muscles on an isokinetic device set at 4.36 rad/s. The knee extensions were preceded by isometric conditioning contractions of the antagonist knee flexor muscles. The conditioning contraction forces were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the maximum isometric force. The purpose of the study was to determine 1) the effects of graded conditioning contractions with the knee flexor muscles on the maximum performance of the quadriceps femoris and 2) whether the effects of the conditioning contractions are similarly distributed to components of the quadriceps femoris. The increased initial quadriceps femoris activation levels associated with the conditioning contractions were similarly distributed to quadriceps femoris components. In contrast with previously published research on exercise performed at substantially lower knee extension velocities, the maximum knee extension force and the work performed were not affected by the conditioning contractions. However, the maximum rate of force development increased significantly (P < 0.05). The intensity of the knee flexor conditioning contractions likely influences agonist motor unit activation variables, but this influence may be related to the speed of the agonist contraction.
Preparation of an IgM and IgA Enriched Fraction for Clinical Use (1973)

Abstract Fraction III obtained during large acale fractionation of human plasma served as starting material for obtaining an immunoglobulin fraction enriched in IgA and IgM. Caprylic acid was used for the precipitation of most proteins other than the immunoglobulins present in fraction III. The proteins remaining in the supernatant are then precipitated vith ethanol at pH 6. Prealbumin is the main contaminant of this immunoglobulin preparation which contains 20–25% IgM and 15–20% IgA. The residual IgG can be removed by adsorption of the other proteins on DEAE-cellulose at pH 5.7 (0.03 M acetate), elution being achieved at pH 5.7 (0.2 M acetate).
Interrelationship between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: The Asian Experience (2007)

This paper examines the relationships between economic growth, income distribution, and poverty for 17 Asian countries for the period 1981–2001. It deals with two distinct but related issues. First, it investigates how much growth is required to offset the adverse effect of an increase in inequality on poverty. This trade-off between inequality and growth is quantified using a tool called the “inequality-growth trade-off index.” The trade-off index measures how much growth in mean income or expenditure will be required to offset a 1 percent increase in inequality, with poverty remaining unchanged. This is an ex ante analysis based only on one period household survey. Second, the paper looks into the issue of pro-poor growth. This is an ex post analysis concerned with whether the growth process in a country has been pro-poor or anti-poor. Pro-poor growth is defined as growth that benefits the poor proportionally more than the nonpoor. By using a measure called the “poverty equivalent growth rate”, which is a composite index of a level of growth rate and the distribution of benefits of growth, the paper examines both (i) how growth in mean income or expenditure has fared in Asia, and (ii) how the benefits of growth are distributed between the poor and the nonpoor.
Wear Properties of UHMWPE Oriented under Uniaxial Compression during the Molten State and at Lower Temperatures than the Melting Point (2003)

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as a bearing material for artificial joints since the 1960's, and experience has shown that its wear is one of the limiting factors for long term use in such prosthetic implants. For improving wear resistance, we studied the influence of uniaxial compression on molecule orientation obtained by processing UHMWPE above (Sample A) and below (Sample B) its melting point, respectively. We then compared the wear properties of both UHMWPE samples. Using a slightly cross-linked UHMWPE, sample A was compressed during the molten state. Sample B UHMWPE was compressed at a temperature below the melting point. X-ray refraction tests revealed the (200) crystalline plane of Sample A and B to be oriented parallel to the compression surface. Further tests showed the heat of fusion and the density of Sample A to be higher than Sample B. The storage modulus of Sample A was always higher than in the original untreated UHMWPE (Sample C), while in Sample B it rapidly collapsed with increasing temperature. The αc-peak of Sample A was shifted to about 5°C higher, while the αc-peak of Sample B was shifted to the lower temperature side and the β-peak disappeared, compared with Sample C. Reciprocating wear tests carried out over 2×106 cycles, showed that the wear resistance of the sample A was enhanced by a factor of 10 when compared to Sample C. UHMWPE compressed during the molten state exhibits superior wear characteristics and has the potential to improve implant technology for artificial joints, potentially providing a longer lifetime.
Practicality of Alcohols as Motor Fuel (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Several alcohols have been or are being used as motor fuel in limited applications where their unique properties provide a specific benefit. Recently, proposals have been made to manufacture methyl and ethyl alcohols from nonpetroleum feedstocks for use as a primary energy source. Such a program, it is claimed, would reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil; manufacturing ethanol would also stabilize prices of farm commodities.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An economical and abundant feedstock for methanol manufacture is North Dakota lignite. In a plant consuming lignite and self-sufficient in utilities, energy in the methanol would represent about 45 per cent of the energy in the feedstock. The cost of energy from the methanol produced would be about twice that from gasoline at 1979 prices. Liquefaction of lignite or coal to a synthetic crude with subsequent refining by conventional processes would provide motor fuel at somewhat higher energy efficiency and lower cost than by methanol synthesis. Municipal solid wastes could also be used as feedstock for methanol manufacture, but the cost would be even higher than with lignite as feedstock.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The lowest cost and most abundant feedstock for ethanol manufacture is corn. With current farming and ethanol manufacturing practices, which use mainly petroleum-based fuels, energy in the ethanol plus that in the byproducts is only about 55 per cent of the energy in the petroleum fuels consumed. If the ethanol plant used only nonpetroleum fuels such as coal or agricultural wastes for process energy, the efficiency based on just the petroleum fuels used in farming and collection of wastes would range from 130 to 160 per cent; overall efficiency would remain at 55 per cent or less. Energy in the byproducts represents about 40 per cent of the energy output, which greatly complicates evaluation of the efficiency of the plant. In any event, the cost of energy from the ethanol produced would be at least four times that from gasoline. The high cost results from large capital charges, large operating costs and, especially, large raw material costs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While both methanol and ethanol have characteristics that complicate distribution and detract from product quality, poor energy yield and high cost are the most serious deterrents to commercialization of either alcohol. Methanol is definitely preferred, but neither represents a practical alternative unless the price of petroleum-based fuels rises markedly relative to that of the alcohols.&lt;/div&gt;
Bar impact tester for dynamic-fracture testing of ceramics and ceramic composites. Technical report (1991)

A bar impact test was developed to study the dynamic fracture responses of precracked ceramic bars, Al2O3 and 15/29% volume SiCw/Al2O3. Laser interferometric displacement gage data was used together with dynamic finite element analysis to determine the instantaneous crack length and the dynamic stress intensity factor, K sub ID(t), in the fracturing ceramic bars impacted with impactor velocities of 5.8, 8.0, and 10 m/s. The crack velocities increased from 1400 to 2600 m/s with increasing impact velocity. K sub ID(t) initiated at the expected dynamic fracture toughness and increased with time and with increasing impact velocity. The dynamic initiation fracture toughness and an increasing K sub ID(t) with time and increasing impact velocity were obtained.
A novel carbapenem antibiotic, SM-7338 structure-activity relationships. (1990)

A series of new carbapenem compounds, which have a pyrrolidin-3'-ylthio group substituted with various aminocarbonyl group at C-5' position as C-2 side chain, have been prepared. The antibacterial activity and the stability to renal dehydropeptidase-I of these compounds were investigated, and the structure-activity relationships were discussed. In this series, SM-7338; (1R,5S,6S)-2-[(3S,5S)-5-dimethylaminocarbonylpyrrolidin-3-ylthi o]-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid (5a) was the most interesting compound.
The ratio of matrix metalloproteinase to E‐cadherin expression: A pilot study to assess mRNA and protein expression among African American prostate cancer patients (2008)

The M/E ratio characterizes an important aspect of the molecular phenotype associated with the histologic progression of prostate cancer among African American prostate cancer patients. A larger comparative study is required to determine potential racial variation and prognostic significance of gene expression.
Jointly Optimal Power Assignment for Multi-Source Multi-Destination Relay Networks (2010)

In this paper, the total transmission power of a multi-source multi-destination relay network is minimized under the constraint that the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirement of each source-destination pair is satisfied. The optimization problem involves K power variables, where K is the number of source-destination pairs in the network, and an exhaustive search is prohibitive for large K. In this work, we develop an asymptotically tight approximation of the SINR that allows us to reformulate the original optimization problem to a single-variable optimization problem, which can be easily solved by numerical search of the single variable. Then, the corresponding optimal transmission power at each source and relay can be calculated directly. The proposed optimization scheme is scalable and leads to a power assignment algorithm that exhibits the same optimization complexity for any number (K) of source-destination pairs in the network. Moreover, for the special case of transmission over orthogonal channels, we derive analytically the solution to the optimization problem. Extensive numerical studies illustrate our theoretical developments.
Supplementary Data from Integrated Genomic and Functional microRNA Analysis Identifies miR-30-5p as a Tumor Suppressor and Potential Therapeutic Nanomedicine in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-9&lt;/p&gt;
Genotype classification of Moraxella bovis using MALDI-TOF MS profiles (2022)

<i>Moraxella bovis</i> (<i>M. bovis</i>) is regarded as a causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), the most common ocular disease of cattle. Recently, whole genome sequencing identified the presence of two distinct genotypes within <i>M. bovis</i> that differ in chromosome content, potential virulence factors, as well as prophage and plasmid profiles. It is unclear if the genotypes equally associate with IBK or if one is more likely to be isolated from IBK lesions. We utilized 39 strains of <i>M. bovis</i> that had previously undergone whole genome sequencing and genotype classification to determine the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) to accurately genotype <i>M. bovis</i> strains. We successfully developed two biomarker models that accurately classified strains according to genotype with an overall accuracy of 85.8-100% depending upon the model and sample preparation method used. These models provide a practical tool to enable studies of genotype associations with disease, allow for epidemiological studies at the sub-species level, and can be used to enhance disease prevention strategies.
Note: Making tens of centimeter long uniform microfluidic channels using commercial glass pipette (2018)

Producing microchannels with diameters between 10 and 20 μm and with lengths in the tens of centimeters is reported. The method can be modified to obtain diameters as narrow as 350 nm. Length-to-diameter aspect ratios that surpass 10<sup>4</sup> can be produced for a fraction of current production costs. The controllable channel is produced by applying a flame to the narrow end of a commercial pipette that is made from a soda-lime silicate. In combination with a pulling mechanism, applying heat to the composite material lengthens the pipette in a highly uniform way. Given that the materials and methods in this research are cost-effective when compared to femtosecond laser micromachining on 2D silicon-based surfaces, further research into producing microchannels from soda-lime silicates may revolutionize access to 3D controllable microchannels.
Biological photocathodes: Complexes of chlorophylls and hemes examined by photoelectron microscopy (1989)

Chromophore binding proteins are important in cell bioenergetics. They are, however, difficult to distinguish by electron microscopy because the atomic composition and hence scattering properties are not very different from those of other proteins. Photoemission is one relatively unexplored property of chromophores that offers a solution to this problem. Essentially all biological specimens exposed to radiation of sufficiently high energy, typically in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, emit electrons (photoelectrons). The photoelectrons are accelerated and imaged in a photoelectron microscope as diagrammed in Fig. 1. Since the photoelectrons originate at or near the sample surface, photoelectron microscopy is essentially a surface technique. Up to now biological applications of photoelectron imaging have been restricted by the relatively low magnifications attainable due to the low emissivity of biological specimens. The goal of this study is to convert the biological surface into a sensitive photocathode while retaining the differences in photoemission of the various components, such as the chromophores, which provide important functional information in the biological preparations. We find that the photoemission of biomolecules can be greatly increased by exposure to a very thin layer of cesium (approximately 1 nm thick). The free cesium evaporates, leaving behind cesium atoms that interact with the surface components. One mechanism is evidently electron transfer from cesium to the chromophores, resulting in charge transfer complexes (ion radical salts). Other mechanisms are almost certainly also involved. An example of the dramatic improvement in photoemission, and hence magnifications attainable, is shown in Fig. 2.