gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Components of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Soft Red Winter Wheat Germ Plasm Using a Detached Leaf Assay (2005)

A large environmental influence on phenotypic estimates of disease resistance and the complex polygenic nature of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) are impediments to developing resistant cultivars. The objective of this research was to investigate the utility of a detached leaf assay, inoculated using inoculum from isolates of Microdochium nivale var. majus, to identify components of FHB resistance among 30 entries of U.S. soft red winter wheat in the 2002 Uniform Southern FHB Nursery (USFHBN). Whole plant FHB resistance of the USFHBN entries was evaluated in replicated, mist-irrigated field trials at 10 locations in eight states during the 2001-2002 season. Incubation period (days from inoculation to the first appearance of a dull gray-green water-soaked lesion) was the only detached leaf variable significantly correlated across all FHB resistance parameters accounting for 45% of the variation in FHB incidence, 27% of FHB severity, 30% of Fusarium damaged kernels, and 26% of the variation in grain deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration. The results for incubation period contrasted with previous studies of moderately resistant European cultivars, in that longer incubation period was correlated with greater FHB susceptibility, but agreed with previous findings for the Chinese cultivar Sumai 3 and CIMMYT germ plasm containing diverse sources of FHB resistance. The results support the view that the detached leaf assay method has potential for use to distinguish between specific sources of FHB resistance when combined with data on FHB reaction and pedigree information. For example, entry 28, a di-haploid line from the cross between the moderately resistant U.S. cultivar Roane and the resistant Chinese line W14, exhibited detached leaf parameters that suggested a combination of both sources of FHB resistance. The USFHBN represents the combination of adapted and exotic germ plasm, but four moderately resistant U.S. commercial cultivars (Roane, McCormick, NC-Neuse, and Pat) had long incubation and latent periods and short lesion lengths in the detached leaf assay as observed in moderately FHB resistant European cultivars. The dichotomy in the relationship between incubation period and FHB resistance indicates that this may need to be considered to effectively combine exotic and existing/adapted sources of FHB resistance.
Air New Zealand (2003)

Governments and Nations around the world want to 'possess' an international airline. It is symbolic. But few, if any, will grow and prosper in the long-term without some form of government subsidy or aid - even in the world's richest nations. Air New Zealand (Air NZ) is no exception to this pattern. Privatised in 1989 but re-nationalised in 2001, Air NZ has fallen prey to poor strategy implementation, intense competition and disagreements amongst stakeholders with radically different ambitions and perspectives. Air NZ acquired the Australian carrier, Ansett, in the 1990s to gain an important foothold in a market where it needs to have a presence. But for a variety of reasons it paid too high a price and a logically defensible strategy engineered a cash crisis. The New Zealand government was reluctant to allow control of its flagship airline to fall into foreign hands, particularly ownership by a rival such as Qantas or Singapore International Airlines. But, at the same time, the funding requirements were excessive for New Zealand's domestic capital market. Re-nationalisation became inevitable if the airline was to survive. Later Air New Zealand and Qantas proposed a strategic alliance and the sale of Air NZ shares to Qantas - only to find opposition from the competition authorities in both New Zealand and Australia. Air New Zealand had become increasingly crisis prone - but how much of this was management failings and how much the result of interference, misjudgement and mismanagement by government?
AC loss of the short coaxial superconducting cable model made from ReBCO coated tapes (2008)

Coaxial cable model with both the core as well as the shield conductor made from high-temperature superconducting tapes of the 2nd generation was constructed. AC current was fed to the model of 0.5 m length using a cold core transformer system. The core consists of 14 EHTS YBCO tapes of 4 mm width, and its properties have been published already. Now the system was completed by the shield conductor using 16 ReBCO tapes of 10 mm width produced by Nexans. In this contribution, the properties of the shield conductor are reported in detail. The experimental data on ac transport loss are presented and compared with ac transport loss of the superconducting core. The currents in individual tapes and the total cable current was monitored using Rogowski coils. Significant non-uniformity of the current distribution was found, which is a common issue in short cable models. Therefore, the AC transport loss of the shield conductor was measured by 16 lifted loops placed along the cable, using the averaging method to extract the true loss voltage.
Prediction of magnetic remanence of NdFeB magnets by using novel machine learning intelligence approach &#x2014; Support vector regression (2014)

A novel model using support vector regression (SVR) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) integrating leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) was employed to construct mathematical model for prediction of the magnetic remanence of the NdFeB magnets. The leave-one-out cross validation of SVR model test results show that the mean absolute error doesnot exceed 0.0036, the mean absolute percentage error is only 0.53%, and the correlation coefficient (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is as high as 0.839. This investigation suggests that the SVR-LOOCV is not only an effective and practical method to simulate the remanence of NdFeB, but also a powerful tool to optimize designing or controlling the experimental process.
TGFa-myc Interactions in Mammary Tumorigenesis. (1995)

Abstract : This project sets out to establish in vivo, the basis for a dramatic cooperation between the C- myc oncogene and transforming growth factor a (TGFa). These two genes are commonly amplified or overexpressed respectively in human breast cancer. We will use a novel bitransgenic model to overexpress the two genes in the mouse mammary gland. In addition, we will use mammary epithelial transplant procedure to establish whether this interaction can occur when TOFa and Myc interact in a paracrine fashion. Finally, the expression of several human breast cancer associated genes will be studied in tumors which arise. In the first year of study, we successfully established the timecourse, sex dependence, and organ preference for TOFa - Myc interactions in our system. In addition, we characterized the expression of both transgenes and the epidermal growth factor receptor in mammary and salivary tumors which arose.
Fundamental investigation of solid waste generation and disposal behaviour in higher education institute in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2018)

Waste characterization is a fundamental step for the development of solid waste management plan. In this regard, understanding the waste generation and disposal patterns plays a crucial role in developing realistic waste reduction strategies. Presently, there exists no solid waste management plan for higher education institutes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hence, this article details the fundamental study related to the waste generation and disposal behaviour. The study also dwells into the existing practices of solid waste management and sheds light on the new polices that can be adopted for waste reduction, along with highlighting barriers to optimization of solid waste management. Through investigation, it was found that by adopting E-learning system for examination and replacing paper towels with air dryers in washroom and by revising policy related to printing, considerable reduction in paper waste could be achieved. Furthermore, the adoption of the proposed sustainable drinking water solution led to 90% reduction in plastic pet bottle waste. The recommendations made by the presented investigation can be employed by other similar sized institutes in developing countries for the development of sustainable green campuses.
Serial Number Extracting and Recognizing Applied in Paper Currency Sorting System Based on RBF Network (2010)

In view of the increasing demand of recognition system for paper currency number, to develop a type of number recognition system based on CIS and DSP. The hardware is composed of CIS and DSP which control image acquisition and process. The software is composed of image acquisition, character correction and recognition. To recognize character with noise pollution rapidly and accurately, a novel approach for character feature extraction based on statistics and fuzzy membership is proposed, and applied in RBF neural network. The experiment shows that the recognition system runs stably and accurately, the collected image shows clearly. The system runs with highly exact rate on number recognition.
Lightweight Detection of Denial-of-Service Attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks Revisited (2017)

The resource-constrained nature of sensor nodes makes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) especially susceptible to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Due to the wireless communication medium, it is difficult to prevent attacks such as jamming. Hence, mechanisms to detect attacks during operation are required. The current generation of intrusion detection systems are still rather heavyweight, as some form of collaboration is typically needed. In this paper, we study the behavior of a large number of node-centric metrics under jamming and blackhole attacks, by applying a logistic regression. In our experiments, we vary several parameters, such as traffic intensity, transmission power, and attacker location. We consider the most common topologies in wireless sensor networks such as central data collection and meshed multi-hop networks by using the collection tree and the mesh protocol. The created regression models are then used to implement a fully localized intrusion detection system requiring no collaboration, showing that certain models can be generalized to different networks.
Forest fire detection wireless sensor node (2014)

Wireless sensor networks have attracted a great deal of research due to the wide range of applications that are enabled by such networks.Sensor networks are used for ecological monitoring, military surveillance and biomedical detection.This paper describes a design of a wireless sensor node to be used for early forest fire detection; it utilizes the WSN principle where each node is a sensing device with various sensors attached, powered by solar recharging and supports wireless data transmission.Each one of these nodes sends its collected data through the network to reach a sink node.The latter has a direct link with a base station (weather station, civil defence operation room, or scientific research center).The base station analyses the received data and takes the decision accordingly to raise a fire alarm or not.The main parameters involved in the decision making are smoke, CO, temperature, humidity and methane gas.This paper details the design as well as the experimental activities which demonstrated that this device is capable of early forest fire detection.
Role of interferon in human natural killer activity against target cells infected with HSV-1. (1983)

Human natural killer (NK) cells show high cytotoxic activity against target cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Substantial amounts of interferon (IFN) were generated in co-cultures of NK effector cells and infected target cells; however, the cytotoxic activity seen against a specific infected cell target did not correlate with the amount of IFN induced. The production of IFN increased steadily from 4 to 18 hr of co-culture, as did NK activity; however, IFN production peaked 4 hr later than NK activity. Pretreatment of NK effector cells with exogenous IFN increased cytotoxic activity against all targets tested, but the differential pattern of reactivity against cells infected with wild type and mutant viruses was unaltered. When effector cells were treated with the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D before co-culture with virus-infected targets, IFN production was markedly reduced, without a concomitant reduction in cytotoxicity. Similarly, the addition of anti-IFN antiserum to co-cultures greatly decreased the available IFN present, but had no effect on NK activity. We conclude that the induction of cytotoxic activity in co-cultures of NK effector cells and HSV-1-infected target cells is independent of the induction of IFN.
A phase III placebo-controlled study in advanced head and neck cancer using intratumoural cisplatin/epinephrine gel (2002)

Patients with recurrent or refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma received cisplatin/epinephrine injectable gel or placebo gel injected directly into the clinically dominant tumour. The double-blind phase III trial comprised of up to 6 weekly treatments over 8 weeks, 4 weekly evaluation visits, and then monthly follow-up; open-label dosing began as needed after three blinded treatments. Tumour response was defined as complete (100% regression) or partial (50-99% regression) sustained for > or =28 day, and patient benefit as attainment of palliative or preventive goals prospectively selected by investigators and patients. With cisplatin/epinephrine gel, 25% (14 out of 57) of tumours responded (16% complete regression, 9% partial regression), vs 3% (one out of 35, complete regression) with placebo (P=0.007). Patient benefit was positively associated with target tumour response in the blinded period among cisplatin/epinephrine gel recipients (P=0.024): 43% (six out of 14) of responders benefited, vs 12% (five out of 43) of non-responders. The most frequent adverse event was pain during injection and the next most frequent was local cytotoxic effects consistent with the gel's mode of action. Systemic adverse events typical of intravenous cisplatin were uncommon. Intratumoural therapy with cisplatin/epinephrine gel provided safe, well-tolerated, effective palliative treatment for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, who lack other satisfactory treatment options.
Distonic Isomers and Tautomers of the Adenine Cation Radical in the Gas Phase and Aqueous Solution (2004)

The gas-phase protonation of adenine is predicted to occur preferentially at N1, N3, and N7, which have the highest proton affinities PA = 939, 932, and 904 kJ mol-1, respectively, as calculated by coupled-cluster ab initio theory and combined density functional and Møller−Plesset theory, B3-MP2, with the 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis set. The collisionally activated dissociation of protonated adenine tautomers at kiloelectronvolt energies in the gas phase proceeds by the loss of a hydrogen atom, which is accompanied by substantial hydrogen migration in the dissociating ion. The product is the adenine cation-radical (1+•), which is the most stable C5H5N5+• isomer. The adiabatic and vertical ionization energies of adenine have been calculated to be 8.28 and 8.43 eV, respectively, in excellent agreement with previous photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Structures and relative energies of several isomers of 1+• (e.g., three imine tautomers and six distonic ions) have been obtained computationally. The imine tautomers are 16−79 kJ mol-1 less stable than 1+• at 0 K in the gas phase. The distonic ions, in which a hydrogen atom has been shifted from C2 or C8 to N1, N3, or N7, are 51−142 kJ mol-1 less stable than 1+•. Dissociations of protonated adenine tautomers by the loss of H require threshold energies in the range of 381−415 kJ mol-1 and proceed at or close to the thermochemical thresholds. The energy differences between 1+• and its isomers are diminished to ΔG298(w) = 14−121 kJ mol-1 in the polar dielectric corresponding to aqueous solution. However, 1+• remains the most stable isomer in water. H9 and the protons of the amino group are calculated to be the most acidic protons in 1+• (pKa = 3.2−3.3). The deprotonation of the amino group in the ionized adenine moiety in DNA is expected to produce a highly reactive radical that is able to abstract a hydrogen atom from thymine and amino acid residues exothermically.
Adsorption of copper nitrate from solution on silica gel (1982)

Abstract Adsorption of copper nitrate from aqueous solution on to silica gel at different concentrations and temperatures has been investigated. Effect of precalcination temperature of silica gel and that of pH of the solution on the adsorption have also been studied. The adsorption was due to ion exchange and followed the Freundlich isotherm.
Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective (2014)

Advancements in human genomics over the last two decades have shown that cancer is mediated by somatic aberration in the host genome. This discovery has incited enthusiasm among cancer researchers; many now use therapeutic approaches in genetic manipulation to improve cancer regression and find a potential cure for the disease. Such gene therapy includes transferring genetic material into a host cell through viral (or bacterial) and non-viral vectors, immunomodulation of tumor cells or the host immune system, and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, to reduce tumor vasculature or to increase tumor antigenicity for better recognition by the host immune system. Overall, modest success has been achieved with relatively minimal side effects. Previous approaches to cancer treatment, such as retrovirus integration into the host genome with the risk of mutagenesis and second malignancies, immunogenicity against the virus and/or tumor, and resistance to treatment with disease relapse, have markedly decreased with the new generation of viral and non-viral vectors. Several tumor-specific antibodies and genetically modified immune cells and vaccines have been developed, yet few are presently commercially available, while many others are still ongoing in clinical trials. It is anticipated that gene therapy will play an important role in future cancer therapy as part of a multimodality treatment, in combination with, or following other forms of cancer therapy, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The type and mode of gene therapy will be determined based on an individual's genomic constituents, as well as his or her tumor specifics, genetics, and host immune status, to design a multimodality treatment that is unique to each individual's specific needs.
What elements in the physician‐patient relationship (PPR) contribute to patient satisfaction: Development of a short form PPRS‐Patient Version (PPRS‐Patient SF) Questionnaire (2021)

Our findings strongly support the notion that the patient-physician relationship's quality is the principal driver of gastroenterology patients' satisfaction with their care. The new PPRS-SF is a convenient tool for clinicians and healthcare systems to assess the essential relationship factors that ensure satisfied patients.
Perspective: lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (2018)

In this perspective, we aim to present an overview of some important physical and chemical aspects of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticle research to be considered, from synthesis considerations to bioapplications. To this end, we have reviewed several practical considerations and prepared several straightforward recommendations toward improved cohesion in the field, based on observed trends over the last decade of research.
Susceptibilities of Clinical and Laboratory Isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis to Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, and Fluconazole (1998)

Eighteen isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis were evaluated for their in vitro susceptibilities to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. The MIC ranges were 0.1 to 0.4 microg/ml for ketoconazole, < or =0.018 to 0.07 microg/ml for itraconazole, and 2.5 to 4.0 microg/ml for fluconazole. The ranges for the minimal lethal concentrations were 0.2 to 0.8 microg/ml for ketoconazole, < or =0.018 to 0.07 microg/ml for itraconazole, and 10 to 40 microg/ml for fluconazole. Itraconazole was the most active agent against B. dermatitidis in vitro, while fluconazole was the least active. These results correlate with the clinical efficacies noted to date with doses of these agents used to treat blastomycosis.
Disproportionation of Low Valent Indium Bromide: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Bis (2, 6-Dimesityl-Phenyl) Indium Bromide, (2, 6-Mes2C6H3)2InBr (Mes = 2, 4, 6-Me3C6H2). When does Trigonal Planar Become T-Shaped? (1996)

Bis(2, 6-dimesitylphenyl) indium bromide, (2, 6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 InBr (Mes = 2, 4, 6-Me3 C6 H2 ), I, has been prepared and characterized by 1 H NMR, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. I may be approached by either
Calibration of Mechanistic-Empirical Rutting Model for In-Service Pavements (1998)

Rutting is a major failure mode for flexible pavements. Pavement engineers have been trying to control and arrest the development of rutting for years. Many models are available to relate pavement rutting to design features, traffic loading, and climatic conditions. These models range from purely empirical to mechanistic models. Mechanistic-empirical models (the Asphalt Institute and Shell) were used to predict the development of rutting for 61 Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) test sections. The rutting damage, calculated using these models, did not appear to be a good predictor of the observed rutting depth. A new rutting model was developed and calibrated using the data from the 61 LTPP sections. The model accounts for the plastic deformation in all pavement layers and allows the use of actual axle load and type, rather than the equivalent single axle load, in characterizing traffic.
Synergetic Effect in Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Highly Efficient Multi‐Chromophore Emitter (2012)

The synergetic effect on the efficiency of triplet–triplet-annihilation-assisted photon upconversion, as a result of a synthetic procedure for simultaneous and independent optimization of the intrinsic efficiencies of triplet–triplet transfer and triplet–triplet annihilation, is demonstrated (see picture). The new system shows high upconversion quantum yields of order of 0.11. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.