gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rongalite® and Base‐Promoted Cleavage of Disulfides and Subsequent Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones/Esters: An Odorless Synthesis of β‐Sulfido Carbonyl Compounds. (2010)

Abstract A rapid, convenient, and widely applicable method to prepare synthetically important β‐sulfido carbonyl compounds is reported.
Cholangiocarcinoma: risk factors and clinical presentation. (2010)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer originating from the neoplastic transformation of the biliary epithelium, is characterized by a progressive increase in incidence and prevalence. A number of risk factors have been identified including primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infestation, and hepatolithiasis. More recently, hepatitis viruses (HCV, HBV) have been taken into consideration as risk factors for the intrahepatic CCA and this could explain the increased incidence seen in the last two decades. All these risk factors induce chronic inflammation in the biliary epithelium together with partial bile obstruction. These two conditions are considered the background (chronic inflammation) favouring the cancer development. The only effective treatment is the radical surgical resection but, this is applicable in less than 40% of the patients since CCA is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage. This mainly occurs because, in the majority of the cases, CCA is clinically silent, with symptoms only developing at an advanced stage but also for the lack of effective biomarkers to be used for a screening purpose. A number of serum and bile biomarkers have been recently proposed for the diagnosis of CCA but, their impact on the early diagnosis is still under the evaluation.
Characterizing the Use of Ultrasonic Energy in Promoting Uniform Composite Growth in Immiscible Alloys (2000)

The results of experimental investigation and mathematical modeling for immiscible alloys subjected to ultrasonic influence are presented. It is known that in inoculated light alloy melts, ultrasonic treatment creates a new type of cast structure with extremely fine grains of uniform composition. This effect is produced across a wide range of freezing rates and technologies. However, it has not been demonstrated that the process can be successfully applied during controlled directional solidification processing. In this work we present the results from a set of directional solidification experiments and suggest describing the droplet size versus ultrasonic frequency and amplitude using an energy approach, followed with a more detailed analysis through numerical modeling of the ultrasonic field.
Interleukin-17 governs hypoxic adaptation of injured epithelium (2022)

Mammalian cells autonomously activate hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) to ensure survival in low-oxygen environments. We report here that injury-induced hypoxia is insufficient to trigger HIF1α in damaged epithelium. Instead, multimodal single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analyses and functional studies reveal that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt<sup>+</sup> (RORγt<sup>+</sup>) γδ T cell-derived interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is necessary and sufficient to activate HIF1α. Protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling proximal of IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC) activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and consequently HIF1α. The IL-17A-HIF1α axis drives glycolysis in wound front epithelia. Epithelial-specific loss of IL-17RC, HIF1α, or blockade of glycolysis derails repair. Our findings underscore the coupling of inflammatory, metabolic, and migratory programs to expedite epithelial healing and illuminate the immune cell-derived inputs in cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress during repair.
A screen of worldwide wheat cultivars for hydroxamic acid levels and aphid antixenosis (1992)

Summary In a screen of seedlings of a worldwide range of 47 cultivars of Triticum (mainly T. aestivum ) the concentration of the hydroxamic acid DIMBOA ranged between 1 and 8 mmol/kg fresh wt. In a bioassay in which alatae of the aphid Sitobion avenae were released among replicated test seedlings, there were highly significant correlations between aphid ‘preference’ and DIMBOA levels in the seedlings. The value of these results in work leading to the production of aphid‐resistant cultivars is discussed.
INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVICE ENGINEERING DESIGNERS' CONSIDERATION OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS (2021)

Abstract Engineering designers are encouraged to consider relevant contextual factors throughout their design processes. However, specific practices for incorporating context into design processes are lacking in the existing literature, and curricula related to the use of context during design processes is limited. As a preliminary step toward characterizing novice engineering designers' use of contextual factors, we qualitatively coded 10 mechanical engineering capstone design reports for contextual factors; half of the projects had domestic sponsors with varying themes, and the other half of the projects had international sponsors with a global health theme. Our findings showed that teams considered technological and institutional factors most frequently; other factors were considered less frequently. Global health themed design teams considered more contextual factors than non-global health themed teams. There was considerable variability among the contextual factors considered, as well as the stages during which they were considered. These outcomes have the potential to inform the development of pedagogical tools to support the acquisition of skills related to formally addressing context during engineering design processes.
Dielectric Studies of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(styrene-co-p-hydroxystyrene) Blends:  Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Dynamics of Amorphous Blends (2003)

The segmental dynamics of a poly(styrene-co-p-hydroxystyrene) random copolymer [SHS, 50 wt % HS] and its amorphous, melt-miscible blends with poly(ethylene oxide) were investigated using broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The fragility of the neat copolymer was found to be close to that of polystyrene with comparable molecular weight, consistent with the idea that intramolecular hydrogen bonding primarily enhances the monomer friction coefficient and Tg, while having little effect on fragility. Despite the large mobility difference between the component polymers, a single cooperative segmental relaxation is observed for the blends (SHS concentration ≥ 60%), demonstrating the coupling ability of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Blend fragility increased significantly with SHS content, reflecting the combined contribution of the two components. The most intriguing finding was a fast process in blends containing ≥80 wt % SHS. The available evidence supports its assignment to noncooperative segmental relaxation of PEO repeat units, having some similarities to the modified segmental dynamics of nanoconfined polymers.
Pressure sensor catheter based on Fiber Tip Fabry-Pérot-Interferometer and Fiber Bragg Grating for temperature compensation (2022)

Abstract This paper introduces a pressure sensor catheter with two different measurement principles. A Fabry-Perot- Interferometer at the fiber tip is formed by a reflective multilayer membrane of a pressure sensor chip. The cavity provides absolute pressure sensing. 20 millimeter before the fiber tip a Fiber Bragg Grating is integrated for additional temperature sensing. The sensing components are completely coated with a silicone mantle of 2 mm diameter. The signal evaluation is both done with a Fiber Bragg Grating interrogation device. First, mechanical structure aspects of the manufactured fiber-optic hybrid sensor as well as the sensing principle is described. Then, experimental results, including quantification and separation of pressure and temperature sensitivity are presented. Out of these characteristics the possibility for absolute pressure sensing with temperature compensation for the application as a pressure sensor catheter is confirmed.
Identification of the alkaloids of Galipea officinalis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (2001)

Galipea officinalis Hancock, a Venezuelan shrubby tree which is acclaimed in folk medicine for its many healing properties, is the only species of the genus to contain tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids. A GC-MS method has been developed in order to analyse the essential oil, hexane and chloroform extracts of the trunk bark of this plant, without prior derivatisation of the alkaloidal components. A study of the MS fragmentation patterns of the components permitted the identification of five new minor quinoline alkaloids together with the known alkaloids. In addition, the method could also be used for the characterisation of alkaloids within the genus Galipea.
Integrating Volunteered Human Sensor Data into Crowd-sourced Platforms: A Use Case on Noise Pollution Monitoring and OpenStreetMap. (2011)

Local and national governments deploy environmental monitoring to improve decision making for sustainable development. Especially the monitoring and management of pollution such as noise is of local, national and European relevance, as expressed by the European Noise Directive (END) (European Parliament, 2002). The European Environment Agency (EEA) asks all its member and collaborating countries for information required by the END. However, it is expensive to deploy and maintain a network of sensors or to periodically measure the city with a moving sensor network. Hence, most of the reported data is based on computed models and only some data is captured by reference sensors deployed in the field. According to the END, the reported data is available as strategic noise maps. So far, these noise maps remain still in silos although they are managed in a Geographic Information Infrastructure (Murphy &amp; King, 2010). Concurrently, crowd-sourced information is collected by citizens for environmental monitoring and specific platforms such as for collecting crowd-sourced noise measures become massively populated (Goodchild, 2007). However, this environmental information is rarely accessible to the public such as in the case of eye on earth1, due to a lack of applicable interfaces.<br/>This paper describes an approach to publish the captured crowd-sourced environmental information such as noise data to a more popular and open platform for increasing visibility and improving information access. In particular, this approach integrates the world-wide network of human sensors into an existing VGI platform such as Open Street Map. Using this platform allows users to directly integrate static data (captured roads) and dynamic data (e.g. noise).
The Condensation of 3-Pentanone with Furan (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Condensation of 3-Pentanone with FuranRONALD E. BEALS and WILLIAM H. BROWNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 4, 447–448Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01110a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01110a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Improvements From Chemical Drag Reducers (2001)

For over 20 years, high molecular weight polymers and surfactants have been used to reduce pressure drop and enhance flow in oil and aqueous systems from production pipelines to water injection systems. The mode of action has been attributed to a reduction in energy loss by a suppression of turbulent fluctuations. However, surface modifications also play a role gas transmission systems. As will be shown with laboratory and field data, the alteration either in the surface or in the fluid flow properties can also improve other aspects of oilfield production. Such as in this paper, four particular instances of drag reduction will be related to corrosion performance. In a first case, two model surfactant corrosion inhibitors, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were chemically modified to drag reducing agents by exchange of the chloride with salycilate counterion. The modified surfactants (cation exchanged) and the corresponding halides were compared in a corrosion test under conditions were drag reduction occurred. Drag reduction promoted corrosion inhibition in a standard corrosion test. In a second case, the introduction of a low foam surfactant into a brine system resulted in a reduction in the corrosion rate as shown by laboratory data. In a third case, utilizing a cleaner/antifoulant surfactant, the pressure drop was reduced and the production increased in a gas gathering system. As a side benefit of the removal of solid deposits, the uninhibited corrosion rate was decreased by a factor of seven. In a final case, a foaming surfactant was utilized to remove liquid hold-up in a production well. By removing the liquid hold-up, the corrosion rate was decreased. Utilizing a drag reduction chemical in an oil or gas production system can lead to additional performance enhancements as demonstrated for the case of corrosion control.
Construction of a Metadata Database for Efficient Development and Use of Language Resources (2008)

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Nagoya University have been jointly constructing a large scale database named SHACHI by collecting detailed meta information on language resources (LRs) in Asia and Western countries, for the purpose of effectively combining LRs. The purpose of this project is to investigate languages, tag sets, and formats compiled in LRs throughout the world, to systematically store LR metadata, to create a search function for this information, and to ultimately utilize all this for a more efficient development of LRs. This metadata database contains more than 2,000 compiled LRs such as corpora, dictionaries, thesauruses and lexicons, forming a large scale metadata of LRs archive. Its metadata, an extended version of OLAC metadata set conforming to Dublin Core, which contain detailed meta information, have been collected semi-automatically. This paper explains the design and the structure of the metadata database, as well as the realization of the catalogue search tool. Additionally, the website of this database is now open to the public and accessible to all Internet users. 1.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Lamina Cribrosa Puncture in Absolute Glaucoma (2004)

Abstract. Two patients with refractory end-stage glaucoma who had no light perception underwent pars plana vitrectomy and lamina cribrosa puncture to relieve pain and decrease intraocular pressure. The patients presented with blind, painful eyes and high intraocular pressure (&gt; 40 mm Hg). After the procedure, the pain was relieved and the intraocular pressure was lowered in both cases. The patients remained asymptomatic. Pars plana vitrectomy and lamina cribrosa puncture might be related to the decrease of intraocular pressure, probably by facilitating drainage of aqueous humor through the optic nerve. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:244-246.][
DIC in Dynamic Punch Testing (2014)

A dynamic punch test technique using a compression split Hopkinson bar is presented. Thin Ti-6Al-4V disks are loaded with three punches with different nose radii both statically and dynamically. The fixtures are designed with viewports to accommodate optical displacement and strain measurement on the back surface of the specimen using three dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC). The fixtures are designed to match the impedance of the Hopkinson bars used for dynamic tests. Displacements measured using image correlation are compared to those calculated from split Hopkinson bar wave data. Full-field strain data from these tests are used in the construction of a fracture locus for Ti-6Al-4V. Results from these tests also can be used to evaluate constitutive and failure models for Ti-6Al-4V.
Interconnect test between optical sampling and quantization for optical analog-to-digital conversion (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate the interconnect test of optical sampling and quantization for optical analog-to-digital conversion. We generate 10-GSamples/s optical sampled signals using four-wave mixing (FWM) and connect these signals to an optical quantization system based on soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in experiment. The potential of this system is estimated to 5.08-bit resolution capability in simulation.
Requirement for an accessory factor for binding of [3H]estradiol to protein in the cytosol fraction of rat pancreas. (1981)

Supernatant fractions from rat pancreas bind approximately 300 fmol of [3H]estradiol per mg of protein when incubated with 5 nM [3H]estradiol for 1 hr at room temperature. Passage through gel filtration columns reduces binding in the eluate to approximately 1% of its initial activity. Extracts of the supernatant contain a factor that reactivates binding in gel filtrates. Addition of accessory factor to fractional eluates gives one sharp peak of activity. Since fractions that cannot be reactivated contain as much or more protein as fractions that can be reactivated, it is concluded that interaction of accessory factor and [3H]estradiol-binding protein is specific. Peptides such as antipain [(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)carbamoyl-L-arginyl-L-valyl-L-argininal] and, especially, N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide also enhanced binding of [3H]estradiol. Accessory factor is water soluble, dialyzable, and heat stable. Although as currently purified, it contains several substances, the data suggest that at least one component of accessory factor is an oligopeptide.
[PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY: ORIGINS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS OF THE RESEARCH]. (2015)

The nomenclature of digestive diseases in children was supplemented by the "new" diseases: of esophagus--gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, Zenker's diverticulum; of stomach and duodenum--gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer disease, polyps, ectopic pancreas in the stomach wall; of the intestine--jejunitis, ileocolitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth syndrome in the small intestine; of biliary tract--cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, anomalies of the biliary tract; of pancreas--acute and chronic pancreatitis, annular pancreas (2). The features of gastrointestinal diseases in children experiencing the action of factors, not always positively affecting the growing organism, were established. These features include: presence of allergic background; high level of neuro-autonomous and psycho-emotional changes in modern children, not only in schoolchildren, but even in preschoolers; polymorbidity or a combination (syntropy) of lesions of the digestive system; adverse outcomes of certain diseases as chronization, complications development, and as a consequence--a high risk of disability in children; "rejuvenation" of certain diseases of the digestive system (cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, Crohn's disease), typical for adults. It is important to emphasize the clinical and social importance of gastroenterological diseases in childhood. Axiomatic is that the origins of many diseases of the digestive organs in adults lie in childhood. Early manifestation of certain diseases such as peptic ulcer disease, gluten enteropathy, Crohn's disease, and others, significantly impact the quality of life of sick children and their parents. It is worth to emphasize high costs of medical and prophylactic (tertiary prevention) activities using the drugs of latest generations. All this causes problems in both applied and scientific pediatric gastroenterology.
Feeder‐independent canine induced pluripotent stem cells maintained under serum‐free conditions (2017)

Canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative veterinary medicine, and may also serve as a disease model for human regenerative medicine. Extending the application of ciPSCs from bench to bedside, however, requires resolving many issues. We generated ciPSCs expressing doxycycline-inducible murine Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, which were introduced using lentiviral vectors. The resultant ciPSCs required doxycycline to proliferate in the undifferentiated state. Those ciPSC colonies exhibiting basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-dependent proliferation were dissociated into single cells for passaging, and were maintained on a Matrigel-coated dish without feeder cells in a serum-free medium. The established ciPSCs had the ability to differentiate into three germ layers, via formation of embryoid bodies, as well as into cells expressing the same markers as mesenchymal stem cells. These ciPSCs may thus serve as a suitable source of pluripotent stem cell lines for regenerative veterinary medicine, with fewer concerns of contamination from unknown animal components.
Production of opsonins that facilitate phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages or neutrophils after vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide. (1981)

Vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide enhanced the opsonic capabilities of serum facilitating phagocytosis of type 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages of neutrophils. I...
Determination of Fetal, Placental and Neonatal Blood Volumes in the Sheep (1970)

A sheep preparation was developed for studying fetoplacental and neonatal blood volumes using isotope dilution techniques. Fetoplacental blood volume was measured in 46 fetal lambs (gestational age 112 to 146 days) using radioactive iodinated human serum albumin ( 125 I-RISA). In 28 of the 46 animals, blood volume was also computed using 125 I-RISA and maternal red cells labeled with radiochromium ( 51 Cr). Blood volume averaged 156.1 ml/kg of fetal weight with the single-label method and 134.7 ml/kg with the double-label method. Blood volumes measured in 17 neonatal lambs with the single-label technique averaged 110.0 ml/kg, and with the double-label technique in 10 animals averaged 104.0 ml/kg. Placental blood volume, determined by subtracting the neonatal blood volume from the fetoplacental blood volume, although varying from animal to animal, was independent of fetal weight and remained relatively constant during the last fourth of gestation.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Drug Refractory Epilepsy (2020)

In carefully selected patients, VNS is a safe and effective procedure to alleviate seizures, in cases otherwise morbidly affected due to drug refractory epilepsy.