gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Printing of Abrasive, Hard, and Thermally Conductive Synthetic Microdiamond–Polymer Composite Using Low-Cost Fused Deposition Modeling Printer (2019)

A relative lack of printable materials with tailored functional properties limits the applicability of three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, a diamond-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite filament for use in 3D printing was created through incorporation of high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthetic microdiamonds as a filler. Homogenously distributed diamond composite filaments, containing either 37.5 or 60 wt % microdiamonds, were formed through preblending the diamond powder with ABS, followed by subsequent multiple fiber extrusions. The thermal conductivity of the ABS base material increased from 0.17 to 0.94 W/(m·K), more than five-fold following incorporation of the microdiamonds. The elastic modulus for the 60 wt % microdiamond containing composite material increased by 41.9% with respect to pure ABS, from 1050 to 1490 MPa. The hydrophilicity also increased by 32%. A low-cost fused deposition modeling printer was customized to handle the highly abrasive composite filament by replacing the conventional (stainless-steel) filament feeding gear with a harder titanium gear. To demonstrate improved thermal performance of 3D printed devices using the new composite filament, a number of composite heat sinks were printed and characterized. Heat dissipation measurements demonstrated that 3D printed heat sinks containing 60 wt % diamond increased the thermal dissipation by 42%.
Radar-based tumor localization in heterogeneous breast tissue using a 3D permittivity model (2014)

Many imaging algorithms for microwave breast cancer detection are limited by the assumption that the heterogeneity of the female breast is approximated by an effective permittivity during the reconstruction process. Since other modalities like ultrasound or MRI are used in conjunction with microwaves in recent years, it might be possible to estimate a complex 3D permittivity model that can be used within the reconstruction process as prior information. In this paper, we present a novel beamforming procedure for radar-based microwave breast cancer detection that incorporates a 3D-permittivity model. Hence, the reconstruction can take place in time domain on a piecewise basis rather than range domain. This approach is analyzed in this paper by means of a heterogeneous numerical breast phantom using Bristol's 31-element array configuration.
Folding Approaches for Tensioned Precision Planar Shell Structures (2018)

An origami-based engineering approach is applied to the folding design of tensioned precision space structures. Tension is a viable means of stiffening a flat antenna aperture, especially when stow...
Variability of Soluble Salts Using Different Extraction Methods on Composts And Other Substrates (2004)

Soluble salts represent dissolved inorganic ions in solution and are typically measured in terms of electrical conductivity (EC). Often soluble salt measurements from different studies or laboratories cannot be cross-referenced or there is much confusion when comparing these results. The soluble salts from 13 composts and horticultural substrate materials were extracted using six different methods: saturated medium extract; pour-through, a water displacement method; and water suspensions using various ratios (by volume) of water:substrate (1:1, 1:2, 2;1, 5:1). EC ranged from 0.1 (peat and perlite) to 23.1 dS m−1 (turkey litter compost). A linear regression model was developed to allow cross-referencing between extraction methods of measurements of soluble salts concentration of the composts and substrates.
MEMS variable optical attenuator for DWDM optical amplifiers (2002)

A fully packaged variable optical attenuator for DWDM systems based on a MEMS silicon chip is shown to have low insertion loss, low PDL, a flat response over the wavelength range 1530 nm-1565 nm, and a low DC drive voltage.
Functioneel en dysfunctioneel ademen in relatie met stemvorming (1999)

In dit hoofdstuk wordt de rol van dysfunctioneel ademen bij stemstoornissen behandeld. Er worden drie globale functies van het ademen onderscheiden, waarin dysfunctie kan bestaan. Daarna komen de kenmerken van een functionele, ontspannen ademhaling aan de orde en manieren om de mate van ademdysfunctie vast te stellen.
Lie detection and the polygraph: A historical review (2005)

Abstract The search for a reliable means to detect deception has a long history. Because of the poor ability of most people, even professional 'lie catchers', to identify when someone is lying, a wide range of techniques have been developed to assist in lie detection. The link between physiological arousal and deception has been recognised for centuries, and in the nineteenth century scientists began to experiment with instruments that could measure this. The modern polygraph, which recorded changes in a number of physiological parameters, was developed in the early 1920s, with instruments designed to record changes in respiration, cardiovascular activity and sweat gland activity (forerunners to the modern polygraph) appearing in the 1930s. Since then the use of the polygraph as a 'lie detector' has been associated with controversy, with advocates and opponents exchanging blows often based on partial facts and full opinions. This article reviews the development of polygraphy, focusing on its emergence in the United States and to some extent in England, but also considers its role in newer applications, particularly sex offender treatment and supervision. Keywords: Polygraphyhistory of the polygraphlyinglie detection
A nonstructural protein 1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for dengue viruses (2023)

Dengue non-structural protein (NS1) is an important diagnostic marker during the acute phase of infection. Because NS1 is partially conserved across the flaviviruses, a highly specific DENV NS-1 diagnostic test is needed to differentiate dengue infection from Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. In this study, we characterized three newly isolated antibodies against NS1 (A2, D6 and D8) from a dengue-infected patient and a previously published human anti-NS1 antibody (Den3). All four antibodies recognized multimeric forms of NS1 from different serotypes. A2 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -3, D6 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -4, and D8 and Den3 interacted with NS1 from all four dengue serotypes. Using a competition ELISA, we found that A2 and D6 bound to overlapping epitopes on NS1 whereas D8 recognized an epitope distinct from A2 and D6. In addition, we developed a capture ELISA that specifically detected NS1 from dengue viruses, but not ZIKV, using Den3 as the capture antibody and D8 as the detecting antibody. This assay detected NS1 from all the tested dengue virus strains and dengue-infected patients. In conclusion, we established a dengue-specific capture ELISA using human antibodies against NS1. This assay has the potential to be developed as a point-of-care diagnostic tool.
A Neural Substrate for Rapid Timbre Recognition? Neural and Behavioral Discrimination of Very Brief Acoustic Vowels (2015)

The timbre of a sound plays an important role in our ability to discriminate between behaviorally relevant auditory categories, such as different vowels in speech. Here, we investigated, in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of anesthetized guinea pigs, the neural representation of vowels with impoverished timbre cues. Five different vowels were presented with durations ranging from 2 to 128 ms. A psychophysical experiment involving human listeners showed that identification performance was near ceiling for the longer durations and degraded close to chance level for the shortest durations. This was likely due to spectral splatter, which reduced the contrast between the spectral profiles of the vowels at short durations. Effects of vowel duration on cortical responses were well predicted by the linear frequency responses of A1 neurons. Using mutual information, we found that auditory cortical neurons in the guinea pig could be used to reliably identify several vowels for all durations. Information carried by each cortical site was low on average, but the population code was accurate even for durations where human behavioral performance was poor. These results suggest that a place population code is available at the level of A1 to encode spectral profile cues for even very short sounds.
Preleukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2017)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of the bone marrow characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid lineage cells. Decades of research have demonstrated that AML evolves from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations within a single lineage of hematopoietic cells. More recently, the advent of high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of a premalignant phase of AML termed preleukemia. Multiple studies have demonstrated that AML can arise from the accumulation of mutations within hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These HSCs have been termed "preleukemic HSCs" as they represent the evolutionary ancestors of the leukemia. Through examination of the biological and clinical characteristics of these preleukemic HSCs, this review aims to shed light on some of the unexplored questions in the field. We note that some of the material discussed is speculative in nature and is presented in order to motivate future work.
Dominant frequency predicts sinus rhythm maintenance after electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation in men but not in women (2020)

Abstract Background Women are usually underrepresented in studies evaluating rhythm control strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Subsequently, the same holds true for studies looking at predictors for success of a rhythm control strategy for AF. Purpose To study the predictive power of the non-invasively determined dominant frequency (DF) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in men and women undergoing electrical cardioversion (ECV) for persistent AF. Methods We matched 105 female patients undergoing elective ECV for persistent AF and 105 male control patients based on age and cardiovascular comorbidity profile. We determined the DF on all 12 leads of a standard digital 10 seconds ECG recorded on the day of ECV. Recurrences of AF within the first year after ECV were documented. Results There were no differences in comorbidities, AF duration, left ventricular systolic function, indexed left atrial volume and anti-arrhythmic drugs between male and female patients. The dominant frequency was significantly lower in male patients without an AF recurrence on all leads. The best performing lead to identify patients with recurrences was lead III with an AUC 0.752. The optimal cut-off point was a DF &amp;lt;5.98 Hz with a sensitivity 84% and a specificity 67%. There was no significant difference in DF between female patients with and without an AF recurrence. The AUC in lead III was 0.47 (Figure 1). Conclusion The non-invasively measured dominant frequency is able to predict AF recurrence after electrical cardioversion in male patients with persistent AF but not in a matched female cohort. This difference might be explained by different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AF in male and female patients. Therefore, future research is needed on pathophysiological differences between men and women that can explain and might overcome these challenges. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Network for Translational Research in Atrial Fibrillation (grant no. 261057), the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine (COHFAR),
Alcoholic hepatitis: Yes to prednisolone and no to pentoxifylline [version 1; referees: not peer reviewed] (2016)

An evaluation of a recent study by Thursz MR, Richardson P, Allison M et al. " Prednisolone or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis". N Engl J Med 2015;372:1619-28. PubMed PMID: 25901427. EudraCT number, 2009-013897-42. Current Controlled Trials number ISRCTN88782125.
Prolonged use of heat and moisture exchangers: Why do we keep changing things? (2000)

Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA Address requests for reprints to: Dean Hess, PhD, RRT, Ellison 401, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: [email protected]
Ring-shaped digital watermark for rotated and scaled images using random-phase sinusoidal function (2002)

Digital watermarking for a still image is considered. A new spatial-domain watermarking method is presented. The method is applicable for rotated and scaled images. A watermark is constructed with a ring-shaped constraint. A sinusoidal function with random phase is used for generating each watermark ring. The method can not only be used for watermark detection in the presence of image rotation, but also for the estimation of the angle rotated, without the need for the original image. A practical method for the construction of such a watermark is described. Results from experiments performed with images, in electronic and printed forms, are provided.
Nanodiamonds of Different Surface Chemistry Influence the Toxicity and Differentiation of Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro (2019)

The nanodiamonds (NDs) have attracted much attention in biomedical applications due to their excellent magnetic and optical properties. However, comprehensive study of different surfacemodified NDs on toxicity and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are very deficient. In this study, three types of NDs, i.e., ND-COOH, ND-NH<sup>+</sup>₃ and ND-PEG were co-cultured with rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to assess their biosafety and effects on differentiation. In a dry state, they had a similar diameter of about 6-7 nm, and aggregated into ˜100 nm (hydrodynamic size) in cell culture medium. Co-culture with MSCs showed that the ND-COOH and ND-PEG had lower cytotoxicity than ND-NH<sup>+</sup>₃. Alkaline comet assay showed slight genotoxicity for all the NDs regardless of their surface coatings. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) test showed that the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of NDs may be attributed to the NDs-mediated intracellular oxidative stress. All the NDs did not show significant impact on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, whereas the ND-COOH and ND-PEG slightly impaired the adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, these findings provide some momentous implications for the design of surface chemical structures of NDs for their applications in biological field.
Electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: A case of graphene-based materials (2013)

Reference EPFL-CONF-196908View record in Web of Science Record created on 2014-02-17, modified on 2017-05-12
Efficient Convolution without Input/Output Delay (1995)

A block FFT implementation of convolution is vastly more efficient than the direct-form FIR filter. Unfortunately block processing incurs significant input-output delay, which is undesirable for real-time applications. A hybrid convolution method is proposed, which combines direct-form and block FFT processing. The result is a zero-delay convolver that performs significantly better than direct-form methods
Effect of antibiotics contained in two Brucella selective media on growth of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. ovis (1996)

The MIC and the highest concentration enabling bacterial growth (CEG) of the antibiotics contained in two selective media were determined for Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. ovis. The nalidixic acid and bacitracin contained in Farrell's selective medium were responsible for the inhibitory effects observed.
[Topical photodynamic therapy in basal and squamous cell carcinoma and penile Bowen's disease with 20% aminolevulinic acid, and exposure to red light and infrared light]. (1998)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive selective therapy for a specific group of skin tumors. 5-aminolevulinic acid 20% in a water-in-oil cream base was applied to the tumors as a photosensitizer and was followed after 12 hours by exposure to a high output light source emitting red (585-720 nm; 150 mW/cm2) and near infrared irradiation (1.25-1.6 mm; 50 mW/cm2) for 10-15 minutes (VersaLight, incoherent filtered light source). Complete responses were achieved after 1-3 treatments in 26/31 lesions of superficial or small nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 4/5 in superficial, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions. There was a patient with Bowen's disease of the penis. Follow-up was for 12-24 months. This noninvasive, nearly painless treatment gives excellent therapeutic and cosmetic results. Our data show its efficacy for certain subtypes of BCC, SCC and Bowen's disease. Further studies will determine the exact cure and recurrence rates with this modality and compare it to other modes of skin cancer therapy.
A role for the thymic epithelium in the selection of pre-T cells from murine bone marrow. (1989)

A rat thymic epithelial cell line IT45-R1 has been previously described as secreting soluble molecules that in vitro chemoattract rat hemopoietic precursor cells. The development of such an in vitro migration assay was based on the ability of cells to migrate across polycarbonate filters in Boyden chambers. In the present paper, by using the same strategy, we studied murine bone marrow cells capable of migrating in vitro toward IT45-R1 conditioned medium. The responding cells were shown to represent a minor bone marrow subpopulation characterized by a low capacity to incorporate tritiated thymidine in vitro (less than 10% of control). Moreover, this cell subset was considerably impoverished with respect to granulocyte-macrophage CFU (less than 7% of control) and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (less than 12% of control). Potential generation of T cells of donor-type in the lymphoid organs of irradiated recipients was measured by using C57BL/Ka Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2 congenic mice. Thy-1.1 irradiated mice were injected intrathymically or intravenously with the selectively migrated cell subset of Thy-1.2 donor-type bone marrow cells. The use of an i.v. transfer route allowed us to show that these cells possess thymus-homing and colonization abilities. In a time-course study after intrathymic cell transfer, these migrated cells were able to generate Thy-1.2+ donor-type thymocytes represented by all cortical and medullary cell subsets in a single wave of repopulation from day 20 to day 30 after transfer, with a peak around days 23 to 25. The degree of repopulation closely resembled that seen with unfractionated bone marrow cells in terms of absolute numbers of donor cells per thymus (82% of control, 22 x 10(6) Thy-1.2+ cells) as well as in percent donor cells per thymus (105% of control). Thy-1.2+ cells were also detected in the lymph nodes and the spleens of reconstituted recipient mice. Taken together, these results support the idea that the supernatant of the established thymic epithelium IT45-R1 induces the migration of a murine bone marrow subset that contains hemopoietic stem cells already committed to the lymphoid lineage (i.e., pre-T cells).
Automated Calibration Of Optical Photomask Linewidth Standards At The National Institute Of Standards And Technology (1989)

An automated system has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards, for calibrating optical photo-mask linewidth standards. This system, controlled by a desktop computer, locates each feature to be measured in the field of view of the microscope, centers and focuses the image, scans the image, and calculates the optical linewidth from the scan data. The results are checked for errors and the process repeated until every feature on the photomask has been calibrated. If statistical tests are passed, a calibration certificate is printed.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with Modified Grubbs Metathesis Catalysts: On the Way to a Tandem Process (2016)

Abstract Herein, we report the successful transformation of a 1 st generation Grubbs metathesis catalyst into an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) catalyst. Upon addition of a chiral amine ligand, an alcohol and a base, the 1 st generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst ( HG‐I ) was found to promote the enantioselective reduction of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol. After optimizing the order of addition and the reaction conditions, the substrate scope was assessed leading to enantiomeric excesses up to 97% ee . NMR experiments were run in order to get information about the in situ ‐generated ATH catalyst. Furthermore, the possibility to perform olefin metathesis and ketone transfer hydrogenation sequentially in one pot was demonstrated, and the first tandem olefin metathesis–ketone asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was carried out. magnified image
Combining Envisat and CryoSat-2 altimetry to inform hydrodynamic models (2016)

Remote sensing provides valuable data for parameterization and updating of hydrological models, for example water level measurements of inland water bodies from satellite radar altimeters. Many studies have used satellite altimetry data from repeat-orbit missions such as Envisat, ERS or Jason, or synthetic wide-swath altimetry data as expected from the SWOT mission. This study is one of the first hydrologic applications of altimetry data from a drifting orbit satellite mission, namely CryoSat-2. CryoSat-2 is equipped with the SIRAL instrument, a new type of radar altimeter similar to SRAL on Sentinel-3. CryoSat-2 SARIn level 2 data is used to improve a 1D hydrodynamic model of the Brahmaputra river basin in South Asia set up in the DHI MIKE 11 software. CryoSat-2 water levels were extracted over river masks derived from Landsat imagery. After discharge calibration, simulated water levels were fitted to the CryoSat-2 data: In a first step, the average simulated water levels along the river were calibrated to the CryoSat-2 data by adapting the hydrodynamic cross section datums. Subsequently the simulated water level amplitudes were fitted to those obtained from Envisat virtual station time series by adapting the cross section shapes. The water level was only calibrated for the Brahmaputra in the Assam valley due to a lack of Envisat data further upstream. Despite the steep and rugged terrain in the upstream part of the Brahmaputra, the CryoSat-2 data was found usable after a Landsat river mask was applied. After calibration a hydrodynamic model with accurate spatio-temporal representation of water levels is obtained. This is a prerequisite for real-time model updating by assimilation of CryoSat-2 altimetry or multi-mission data in general. For this task, a data assimilation framework has been developed and linked with the MIKE 11 model, enabling the integration of any kind of water level measurements. It is a flexible framework that can assimilate water level data which are arbitrarily distributed in time and space. Different types of error models and data assimilation methods can easily be used and tested. Furthermore, it is not only possible to update the water level of the hydrodynamic model, but also the states of the rainfall-runoff models providing the forcing of the hydrodynamic model. The setup has been used to assimilate CryoSat-2 observations over the Assam valley for the years 2010 to 2013, testing different data assimilation methods and model error representations. Performance improvement in terms of discharge forecast due to the assimilation of satellite altimetry data was then evaluated.
Assembly of electrospun nanofibers into crossbars (2003)

We report an approach for the hierarchical assembly of nanofibers into crossbar nanostructures. The polymer nanofibers are created through electrospinning process with diameters ranging in 10-80 nm and lengths of up to centimeters. By controlling the electrostatic field and the polymer rheology of the nanofibers, they can be assembled into parallel periodic arrays.