gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of a‐Si:H on Glass for Active Layers in Thin Film Transistors: Effects of Glass Coating (1999)

One hundred nanometer thick a‐Si:H films deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition from hydrogen diluted silane at temperatures in the range 150–320°C were used as precursor materials for solid‐phase crystallization (SPC) of polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) on which n‐channel thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated. Furnace annealing at 600°C was used in order to study the SPC kinetics as a function of deposition temperature and substrate coating. The substrates were either bare or silicon nitride coated Corning 7059 glass. The poly‐Si films were characterized by using ultraviolet reflectance spectrophotometry to determine the annealing time for crystallization and by using transmission electron microscopy for grain size measurement and nuclei density analysis. It was found that there is a strong relation between grain size and deposition temperature for films deposited on bare glass substrates. For films deposited on silicon nitride coated glass substrates this correlation is not as strong; however, upon full crystallization, a‐Si:H deposited on nitride coated glass yielded grains that were larger than those in a‐Si:H deposited on bare glass. The presence or absence of a barrier layer between an a‐Si precursor film and substrate glass is observed to greatly affect the SPC process. TFT parameter measurements, on the other hand, have shown that the ‐coating of glass has a significant impact on TFT performance: transistor leakage current is observed to be markedly reduced by coating. This is attributed to the increase in grain size and the decrease in the impurity content of active poly‐Si caused by ‐coating of glass. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Composition of Artificial Tear Solution Affects In Vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation on Silicone Hydrogel Lens (2013)

P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on silicone hydrogel contact lens was affected by the composition of artificial tears. A higher concentration of HA and addition of benzalkonium chloride or dextran in artificial tears were helpful to prevent P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.
Bloch analysis for the study of degenerate band edge modes in periodic substrate-integrated waveguides (2019)

International audience
Optical Camera Communications: Survey, Use Cases, Challenges, and Future\n Trends (2018)

Recently, a camera or an image sensor receiver based optical wireless\ncommunications (OWC) techniques have attracted particular interest in areas\nsuch as the internet of things, indoor localization, motion capture, and\nintelligent transportation systems. As a supplementary technique of high-speed\nOWC based on photo-detectors, communications hinging on image sensors as\nreceivers do not need much modification to the current infrastructure, such\nthat the implementation complexity and cost are quite low. Therefore, in this\npaper, we present a comprehensive survey of optical camera communication (OCC)\ntechniques, and their use in localization, navigation, and motion capture. This\nsurvey is distinguishable from the existing reviews on this topic by covering\nmultiple aspects of OCC and its various applications. The first part of the\npaper focuses on the standardization, channel characterization, modulation,\ncoding, and synchronization of OCC systems while the second part of the article\npresents the literature on OCC based localization, navigation, and motion\ncapture. Finally, in the last part of the paper, we present the challenges and\nfuture research directions of OCC.\n
Intermolecular contributions, filtration effects and signal composition of SIFTER (single-frequency technique for refocusing) (2023)

To characterize structure and molecular order in the nanometre range, distances between electron spins and their distributions can be measured via dipolar spin-spin interactions by different pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. Here, for the single-frequency technique for refocusing dipolar couplings (SIFTER), the buildup of dipolar modulation signal and intermolecular contributions is analysed for a uniform random distribution of monoradicals and biradicals in frozen glassy solvent by using the product operator formalism for electron spin <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>. A dipolar oscillation artefact appearing at both ends of the SIFTER time trace is predicted, which originates from the weak coherence transfer between biradicals. The relative intensity of this artefact is predicted to be temperature independent but to increase with the spin concentration in the sample. Different compositions of the intermolecular background are predicted in the case of biradicals and in the case of monoradicals. Our theoretical account suggests that the appropriate procedure of extracting the intramolecular dipolar contribution (form factor) requires fitting and subtracting the unmodulated part, followed by division by an intermolecular background function that is different in shape. This scheme differs from the previously used heuristic background division approach. We compare our theoretical derivations to experimental SIFTER traces for nitroxide and trityl monoradicals and biradicals. Our analysis demonstrates a good qualitative match with the proposed theoretical description. The resulting perspectives for a quantitative analysis of SIFTER data are discussed.
Inter-view prediction of motion data in multiview video coding (2012)

A new method for increasing the coding efficiency of dependent views in multiview video coding by employing already coded motion parameters of other views is presented. The correspondence between a block in a dependent view and a block in a reference view is established by estimating a depth map for the dependent view, either based on already transmitted depth data or by using transmitted disparity vectors and motion parameters. The concept is applicable for multiview coding with and without depth maps. In our experiments with an extension of HEVC, average bit rate savings of about 11% for the dependent views have been measured, which result in approximately 4-5% overall bit rate savings for a 3 view configuration including depth data.
Isoform cell-type specificity in the mouse primary motor cortex (2021)

Full-length SMART-seq<sup>1</sup> single-cell RNA sequencing can be used to measure gene expression at isoform resolution, making possible the identification of specific isoform markers for different cell types. Used in conjunction with spatial RNA capture and gene-tagging methods, this enables the inference of spatially resolved isoform expression for different cell types. Here, in a comprehensive analysis of 6,160 mouse primary motor cortex cells assayed with SMART-seq, 280,327 cells assayed with MERFISH<sup>2</sup> and 94,162 cells assayed with 10x Genomics sequencing<sup>3</sup>, we find examples of isoform specificity in cell types-including isoform shifts between cell types that are masked in gene-level analysis-as well as examples of transcriptional regulation. Additionally, we show that isoform specificity helps to refine cell types, and that a multi-platform analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data leveraging multiple measurements provides a comprehensive atlas of transcription in the mouse primary motor cortex that improves on the possibilities offered by any single technology.
Example-based rescoring of statistical machine translation output (2004)

Conventional statistical machine translation (SMT) approaches might not be able to find a good translation due to problems in its statistical models (due to data sparseness during the estimation of the model parameters) as well as search errors during the decoding process. This paper 1 presents an example-based rescoring method that validates SMT translation candidates and judges whether the selected decoder output is good or not. Given such a validation filter, defective translations can be rejected. The experiments show a drastic improvement in the overall system performance compared to translation selection methods based on statistical scores only.
Interleukin 4, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 polymorphisms in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (2005)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disorder. We investigated the polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-4 intron 3, IL-6 (-572 G/C), and IL-10 (-627 C/A) in 50 children with acute ITP, 30 children with chronic TIP, and 100 healthy individuals. There were significant differences in the RP1/RP2 genotype proportion (P = 0.04) and the RP2 allelic frequency (P = 0.03) of IL-4 intron 3 and the A/C genotype proportion (P = 0.01) of IL-10 (-627) between children with chronic ITP and controls. This finding suggests that the IL-4 intron 3 and IL-10 (-627) polymorphisms contribute to the susceptibility of developing childhood chronic ITP.
Multi-Parametric Full Waveform Inversion of VSP Data Considering Borehole Deviation Error (2018)

Summary Full waveform inversion (FWI) of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data provides a promising high-resolution image which can describe structural details. But these images suffer from the positioning errors of receivers that occur during drilling process. This causes a failure of FWI in the deeper parts which are mostly the main targets of oil exploration. To solve this problem, we suggest an algorithm which parameterizes receiver location for FWI of VSP data. By adding receiver coordinates to inversion parameters, we can invert the exact locations of receivers. However, it is difficult to invert both velocity and coordinate parameters simultaneously because it leads to the expansion of model space without increasing data. So, we try to stabilize the inversion problem with a regularization on location parameters. The regularization term is designed to reduce the curvature of borehole trajectory. In the end, we can successfully invert VSP data without accurate information of receiver location.
Importance of PET with 68Ga-Labeled Somatostatin Analogs (perspective on “68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-Octreotide PET in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Comparison with Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy and CT” J Nucl Med. 2007;48:508–518) (2020)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) still represent a diagnostic challenge because their clinical presentation is often nonspecific and usually occurs late in the disease, when metastases are already present ([1][1]). Imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, and transabdominal ultrasound are fundamental for
Wideband smart antenna theory using rectangular array structures (2002)

Smart antenna techniques at the base station can dramatically improve the performance of the mobile radio system by employing spatial filtering. The design of a fully spatial signal processor using rectangular array configuration is proposed. Two-dimensional (2-D) spatial filters that can be implemented by microstrip technology are capable of filtering the received signal in the angular domain as well as the frequency domain. Furthermore, it has wideband properties and, hence, eliminates the requirement of different antenna spacing for applications including various carrier frequencies. The desired frequency selectivity of the smart antenna can be combined with compensation of the undesired frequency performance of a single antenna element, and the result is quite satisfactory for practical implementation. In addition, if the elements of the array are not perfectly omnidirectional or frequency independent, we can compensate for these deficiencies in the design algorithm. Two different algorithms for calculating the real-valued weights of the antenna elements are proposed. The first algorithm is more complex but leads to sharper beams and controlled performance. The second method is simpler but has wider beam and lower fractional bandwidth. Some computer simulation results demonstrating the directional beam patterns of the designed beamformers are also presented.
Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration and activity after stimulation with interleukin-17 in mouse airways (2004)

Local stimulation with IL-17 increases the concentration of biologically active MMP-9 as well as its precursor molecule in mouse airways in vivo. This increase in proteolytic load is probably mainly due to an increased number of neutrophils and not to an increase in the release of MMP-9 from each neutrophil. These findings indicate a link between the T lymphocyte cytokine IL-17 and increased proteolytic load in the airways which may be relevant for chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as severe asthma and COPD.
Noninvasive evaluation of Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave prosthetic heart valves (2009)

Prosthetic heart valves of the Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave (BSCC) type have been used extensively in implants; however, there have been reports of cases where one component of the valves failed, leading to the demise of the patient. This paper presents a new method for noninvasive electromagnetic evaluation for this type of valve, using an eddy current transducer with orthogonal coils. In vitro experiments on BSCC prosthetic heart valve replicas have shown that discontinuities of outlet strut with depths equal or larger than 0.4 mm can be detected with a probability of detection (POD) of 86.4%, and in the case of discontinuities with depth equal or larger than 0.6 mm with POD of 97%. Blind tests effectuated on 32 BSCC prosthetic heart valves have shown that, using the proposed method, the tested valves have been correctly classified.
Effect of Aerobic High-Intensity Hybrid Training on Stroke Volume and Peak Oxygen Consumption in Men with Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Training aerobic high-intensity hybrid intervals at 85%-95% of peak Watt was feasible for this group of SCI men and significantly increased peak stroke volume and peak oxygen uptake. Because aerobic capacity is directly linked to mortality and morbidity, the present study may be useful for designing training programs sufficient to reverse the risk of cardiovascular disease in SCI.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Connexin 43 and E-Cadherin in I-407 Cells Mediated by cAMP. (1998)

The formation of gap junction and the expression of E-cadherin were studied by immunocytochemistry in a cultured intestinal-407 (I-407) cell colonies. These cells scarcely expressed connexin 43 (Cx43) and E-cadherin at a non-stimulated condition. When the cells were stimulated with forskolin and Ro-20-1724, a strong correlation was found between immunocytochemical staining of E-Cadherin and that of Cx43 at cell-to-cell contact areas. The length of E-cadherin-positive contact areas increased with time in the stimulated condition. On the other hand, the number of gap junctional plaques in the E-cadherin-expressed areas increased significantly 2 to 8hr after the stimulation and remained the same level until 24hr. Both immunostainings were more intense in the central area of the colony than in the peripheral area. Since the administration of forskolin and Ro-20-1724 has been known to elevate cAMP level, these results suggest that (1) the expression of both E-cadherin and gap junctions in cell-to-cell contact is induced by the elevation of cAMP and (2) the effect of cAMP varies by the location of cells in the colony which may reflect the state of cell differentiation.
PCR-Based Detection of Genetically Modified Soybean and Maize in Raw and Highly Processed Foodstuffs (2001)

The PCR method has proved to be an invaluable tool for the specific and sensitive detection of genetically modified material (e.g., Roundup Ready Soybean and Bt-176 "Maximizer" Maize) in foodstuffs. The first step in the procedure, namely the purification of nucleic acids from the sample, is often the deciding factor in the production of meaningful results. In this study, we present two procedures that enable an efficient isolation of trace amounts of genetic material from both raw and highly processed foodstuffs. We show that for optimal, PCR-ready DNA purification from highly processed foodstuffs and PCR inhibitor-rich substances--such as cocoa-containing products--adapted protocols for the QIAGEN QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit can be utilized. For complete DNA isolation from raw foodstuffs, a protocol using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit is presented.
Towards efficient hydrogen production from glycerol by sorption enhanced steam reforming (2010)

An increase in glycerol production is a consequence of the rapid growth in bio-diesel production and makes it attractive to utilize glycerol as feedstock, e.g., for production of hydrogen. Here we report integrating the glycerol steam reforming and CO2 capture reaction in one single reactor as a potential approach to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen production. A thermodynamic analysis comparing glycerol steam reforming with or without CO2 capture was made, highlighting that integration of CO2 removal allows high efficiency in the hydrogen production and energy utilization. The experimental assessment on the integrated reaction was carried out with Co–Ni reforming catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like material (HTls) and dolomite as CO2 acceptor. The applied operating window was at a steam-to-glycerol ratio in a range of 3– 9 and a temperature of 500–650 °C. The obtained hydrogen content or purity was close to the theoretical boundary at temperatures above 575 °C or steam-to-glycerol ratio no less than 4. Particularly, both the hydrogen yield and purity were at approx. 99% with a steam-to-glycerol ratio of 9. At a lower steam-to-glycerol ratio of 3 and temperature lower than 550 °C, hydrogen production was compromised due to the low efficiency of steam reforming and a high tendency of pyrolysis. The elimination of non-catalytic reactions, sufficient methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction have been identified as critical factors to maximize hydrogen yield in sorption enhanced reforming of glycerol.
Atmospheric tomography using a fringe pattern in the sodium layer (1994)

We wish to measure and separate the contribution of atmospheric turbulent layers for multiconjugate adaptive optics. To this end, we propose to create a periodic fringe pattern in the sodium layer and image it with a modified Hartmann sensor. Overlapping sections of the fringes are imaged by a lenslet array onto contiguous areas in a large-format camera. Low-layer turbulence causes an overall shift of the fringe pattern in each lenslet, and high-attitude turbulence results in internal deformations in the pattern. Parallel Fourier analysis permits separation of the atmospheric layers. Two mirrors, one conjugate to a ground layer and the other conjugate to a single high-altitude layer, are shown to widen the field of view significantly compared with existing methods.
A convenient synthesis of meso-azobis-.alpha.-phenylethane (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient synthesis of meso-azobis-.alpha.-phenylethaneGuido H. Daub and Louis F. CannizzoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 25, 5034–5035Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00146a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00146a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Gradient-Based 3-D/2-D Registration of CT and MR to X-Ray Images (2008)

One of the most important technical challenges in image-guided intervention is to obtain a precise transformation between the intrainterventional patient's anatomy and corresponding preinterventional 3-D image on which the intervention was planned. This goal can be achieved by acquiring intrainterventional 2-D images and matching them to the preinterventional 3-D image via 3-D/2-D image registration. A novel 3-D/2-D registration method is proposed in this paper. The method is based on robustly matching 3-D preinterventional image gradients and coarsely reconstructed 3-D gradients from the intrainterventional 2-D images. To improve the robustness of finding the correspondences between the two sets of gradients, hypothetical correspondences are searched for along normals to anatomical structures in 3-D images, while the final correspondences are established in an iterative process, combining the robust random sample consensus algorithm (RANSAC) and a special gradient matching criterion function. The proposed method was evaluated using the publicly available standardized evaluation methodology for 3-D/2-D registration, consisting of 3-D rotational X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR), and 2-D X-ray images of two spine segments, and standardized evaluation criteria. In this way, the proposed method could be objectively compared to the intensity, gradient, and reconstruction-based registration methods. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method performs favorably both in terms of registration accuracy and robustness. The method is especially superior when just a few X-ray images and when MR preinterventional images are used for registration, which are important advantages for many clinical applications.
Time-to-Build, Time-to-Plan, Habit-Persistence, and the Liquidity Effect (2000)

The general inability of sticky-price monetary business cycle models to generate liquidity effects has been noted in the recent literature by authors such as Christiano (1991), Christiano and Eichenbaum (1992a, 1995), King and Watson (1996), and Bernanke and Mihov (1998b). This paper develops a sticky-price monetary business cycle model that is capable of generating an empirically plausible liquidity effect. Time-to-build and time-to-plan in investment together with habit-persistence in consumption are the features of the model that allow it to produce this result.
Organocatalyzed Domino Synthesis of New Thiazole‐Based Decahydroacridine‐1,8‐diones and Dihydropyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]‐ dipyrimidines in Water as Antimicrobial Agents (2019)

Organopromoter, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was used to catalyze the synthesis of a series of structurally intriguing new hybrids thiazolyl acridine-1,8(2H,5H)-diones and dihydropyrido[2,3-d : 6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6,8(1H,3H,5H,7H)-tetraones for the first time. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid is a biobased organopromoter, used to generate four new bonds for the synthesis of new coupled thiazole-based decahydroacridine-1,8-diones. Superior green credentials, operational simplicity, easy work-up and recyclability of the catalyst are the key strengths of this method. The broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, cost effectiveness, high atom economy and good to excellent yields make the present method a distinct improvement over existing methods. Spectral (IR, <sup>1</sup> H-NMR,<sup>13</sup> C-NMR, Mass) data and elemental analyses confirmed the structures of the titled products. A series of thiazolyl acridine-1,8(2H,5H)-diones and dihydropyrido[2,3-d : 6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6,8(1H,3H,5H,7H)-tetraones were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacterial and three fungal strains.