gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact BAVA design with corrugated edge (2014)

In this article a miniaturized balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna with a corrugation edge (BAVA-CE) which improves the cross polarization and the gain of the antenna is presented. Besides the ultra-wideband, high gain and low cross polarization are the main features of the antenna. The performance of BAVA is compared with the antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) under the condition of the same compact size. The return loss of BAVA-CE is less than -10 dB in the bandwidth of 2.1-10 GHz.
[Diagnosis of allergic diseases by basophil count and in vitro degranulation using manual and automated tests (author's transl)]. (1981)

The author has designed a human basophil degranulation test based on a one-step method of basophil staining after exposure to a specific allergen. This very simple test is now commercially available as a ready-to-use kit. It explores allergic sensitivity at cellular level, probably through IgE-dependent sensitization of the basophil. It correlates positively with histamine release and the radio-allergo-sorbent test (RAST) and detects sensitivity to common allergens as well as to foods and chemicals, including drugs. In its present form, the test provides a simple, inexpensive and reliable means of diagnosing allergic diseases in vitro but does not lend itself to mass investigations. It has recently been developed further and can now be performed on the automatic Hemalog D Technicon machine.
Long-latency branches (2006)

Dynamic branch prediction plays a key role in delivering high performance in the modern microprocessors. The cycles between the prediction of a branch and its execution constitute the branch misprediction penalty because a misprediction can be detected only after the branch executes. Branch misprediction penalty depends not only on the depth of the pipeline, but also on the availability of branch operands. Fetched branches belonging to the dependence chains of loads that miss in the L1 data cache exhibit very high misprediction penalty due to the delay in the execution resulting from unavailability of operands. We call these the long-latency branches. It has been speculated that predicting such branches accurately or identifying such mispredicted branches before they execute would be beneficial. In this paper, we show that in a traditional pipeline the frequency of mispredicted long-latency branches is extremely small. Therefore, predicting all these branches correctly does not offer any performance improvement. Architectures that allow checkpoint-assisted speculative load retirement fetch a large number of branches belonging to the dependence chains of the speculatively retired loads. Accurate prediction of these branches is extremely important for staying on the correct path. We show that even if all the branches belonging to the dependence chains of the loads that miss in the L1 data cache are predicted correctly, only four applications out of twelve control speculation-sensitive applications selected from the SPECInt2000 and BioBench suites exhibit visible performance improvement. This is an upper bound on the achievable performance improvement in these architectures. This article concludes that it may not be worth designing specialized hardware to improve the prediction accuracy of the long-latency branches.
Effects of sex and COMT genotype on environmentally modulated cognitive control in mice (2012)

Cognitive functioning differs between males and females, likely in part related to genetic dimorphisms. An example of a common genetic variation reported to have sexually dimorphic effects on cognition and temperament in humans is the Val/Met polymorphism in catechol- O -methyltransferase ( COMT ). We tested male and female wild-type mice ( +/+ ) and their COMT knockout littermates ( +/− and −/− ) in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) to investigate the effects of sex, COMT genotype, and their interactions with environmental manipulations of cognitive functions such as attention, impulsivity, compulsivity, motivation, and rule-reversal learning. No sex- or COMT-dependent differences were present in the basic acquisition of the five-choice serial reaction time task. In contrast, specific environmental manipulations revealed a variety of sex- and COMT-dependent effects. Following an experimental change to trigger impulsive responding, the sexes showed similar increases in impulsiveness, but males eventually habituated whereas females did not. Moreover, COMT knockout mice were more impulsive compared with wild-type littermates. Manipulations involving mild stress adversely affected cognitive performance in males, and particularly COMT knockout males, but not in females. In contrast, following amphetamine treatment, subtle sex by genotype and sex by treatment interactions emerged primarily limited to compulsive behavior. After repeated testing, female mice showed improved performance, working harder and eventually outperforming males. Finally, removing the food-restriction condition enhanced sex and COMT differences, revealing that overall, females outperform males and COMT knockout males outperform their wild-type littermates. These findings illuminate complex sex- and COMT-related effects and their interactions with environmental factors to influence specific executive cognitive domains.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOPHYSICS OF PYRAZINE AND ITS METHYLATED DERIVATIVES AT HIGH PRESSURE (1979)

Abstract (Fluoreszenz‐ und Phosphoreszenzquantenausb.
Epitaxial III-V-on-silicon waveguide butt-coupled photodetectors (2012)

We report silicon waveguide butt-coupled p-i-n InGaAs photodetectors epitaxially grown on silicon-on-insulator substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The InGaAs absorption layer that is lattice-matched to InP is selectively grown on patterned SOI substrates, employing metamorphic growth of GaAs and InP buffer layers. We measure a dark current of 2.5 μA and a responsivity of 0.17 A/W at 1550 nm wavelength upon -1 V bias voltage, with a 20 μm × 20 μm InGaAs photodetector area. This device exhibits a 3 dB bandwidth of 9 GHz upon -4 V bias voltage. We demonstrate an open-eye diagram at 10 Gb/s data rate upon -4 V bias voltage.
Evaluation of Selective γ-Secretase Inhibitor PF-03084014 for Its Antitumor Efficacy and Gastrointestinal Safety to Guide Optimal Clinical Trial Design (2010)

Aberrant regulation of Notch signaling has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) by gamma-secretase plays a key role in Notch-dependent nuclear signaling. gamma-Secretase is an attractive pharmaceutical target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. We describe the potent antitumor effects of PF-03084014, a small molecule that is a reversible, noncompetitive, and selective gamma-secretase inhibitor. The ability of PF-03084014 to inhibit gamma-secretase activity was shown by the reduction of endogenous NICD levels and by the downregulation of Notch target genes Hes-1 and cMyc in the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line HPB-ALL. PF-03084014 caused cell growth inhibition of several T-ALL cell lines via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. PF-03084014 treatment also resulted in robust NICD reduction in HBP-ALL xenograft models. Broad antitumor efficacy at well-tolerated dose levels was observed in six Notch-dependent models. Additional mechanism-of-action studies showed inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HPB-ALL tumors, suggesting that the antitumor activity of PF-03084014 may be mediated by its direct effects on tumor cell growth or survival. Further studies on PF-03084014-induced gastrointestinal toxicity identified an intermittent dosing schedule that displayed reduced body weight loss and sustained antitumor efficacy. We also showed that glucocorticoids abrogated PF-03084014-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and delayed administration of glucocorticoids did not compromise its protection effect. Collectively, the results show that inhibition of Notch signaling by PF-03084014 while minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity presents a promising approach for development of therapies for Notch receptor-dependent cancers. This compound is being investigated for the treatment of T-ALL and advanced solid tumors in phase I clinical trials.
<title>Extended performance infrared directional reflectometer for the measurement of total, diffuse, and specular reflectance</title> (1994)

This paper presents a description of a fully automated, computer-controlled hemispherical directional reflectometer (HDR). It fills the need in many fields of research and development for a device with HDR measurement capabilities which is state-of-the-art in wavelength coverage to 25.0 micrometers and higher, angular polarization resolved coverage 20 to 80 degree(s), partition of reflected radiation into specular and scattered components, and scattered transmittance. This performance is made possible using an 18' major axis electroformed gold-plated specular hemiellipsoid with a 1.8' foci separation. The radiance throughput to the FTIR of this design exceeds by a factor of more than 200 that of the usual diffuse gold integrating spheres. Derived data, based on reflectance and using provided software, includes the IR component of solar absorptance, the index of refraction n and k for dielectrics and conductors for Fresnel materials, and both directional and hemispherical emittance.
Fast Detection and Chemical Characterization of Gunshot Residues by CMV-GC-MS and LIBS (2015)

Gunshot residue (GSR) is the term used to describe the particles originating from different parts of the firearm and ammunition during the discharge. A fast and practical field tool to detect the presence of GSR can assist law enforcement in the accurate identification of subjects. A novel field sampling device is presented for the first time for the fast detection and quantitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) is a headspace sampling technique that provides fast results (< 2 min. sampling time) and is reported as a versatile and high-efficiency sampling tool. The CMV device can be coupled to a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument by installation of a thermal separation probe in the injection port of the GC. An analytical method using the CMV device was developed for the detection of 17 compounds commonly found in polluted environments. The acceptability of the CMV as a field sampling method for the detection of VOCs is demonstrated by following the criteria established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) compendium method TO-17. The CMV device was used, for the first time, for the detection of VOCs on swabs from the hands of shooters, and non-shooters and spent cartridges from different types of ammunition (i.e., pistol, rifle, and shotgun). The proposed method consists in the headspace extraction of VOCs in smokeless powders present in the propellant of ammunition. The sensitivity of this method was demonstrated with method detection limits (MDLs) 4-26 ng for diphenylamine (DPA), nitroglycerine (NG), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and ethyl centralite (EC). In addition, a fast method was developed for the detection of the inorganic components (i.e., Ba, Pb, and Sb) characteristic of GSR presence by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Advantages of LIBS include fast analysis (~ 12 seconds per sample) and good sensitivity, with expected MDLs in the range of 0.1-20 ng for target elements. Statistical analysis of the results using both techniques was performed to determine any correlation between the variables analyzed. This work demonstrates that the information collected from the analysis of organic components has the potential to improve the detection of GSR.
Plasma Homocysteine Levels Elevated and Inversely Related to Insulin Sensitivity in Preeclampsia (1999)

In Brief Objective To study the plasma levels of homocysteine in preeclampsia and relate them to insulin sensitivity. Methods In association with a 3-hour intravenous glucose-tolerance test (glucose 0.3 g/kg at 0 and 0.03 IU insulin 20 minutes later), we measured plasma levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid in 22 women with preeclampsia and 16 controls between 29 and 39 weeks' gestation. In 14 women with preeclampsia and 11 controls, plasma samples also were collected 3 months after delivery. Results Levels of homocysteine in women with preeclampsia (6.7 ± 0.4 μmol/L, mean ± standard error) were higher (P < .001) than those in controls (3.8 ± 0.2 μmol/L) and related significantly to the level of proteinuria (r = .49, P = .02). Vitamin B12 concentrations were lower in women with preeclampsia (166.0 ± 10.4 compared with 212.4 ± 16.4 pmol/L, P = .02), whereas levels of folic acid showed no difference between the groups. After delivery, levels of homocysteine increased to 9.1 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 0.6 μmol/L in women with preeclampsia and controls, vitamin B12 increased to 298.8 ± 28.6 compared with 334.9 ± 24.0 pmol/l, and folic acid decreased to 10.6 ± 2.0 compared with 7.9 ± 0.8 nmol/L, with no difference emerging between the groups. In women with preeclampsia but not in controls, plasma homocysteine was negatively related to insulin sensitivity (r = −.51, P = .02). The mean 2.9-fold increase in glucose or 52.5-fold increase in insulin during the insulin-sensitivity test failed to affect homocysteine levels. Conclusion Women with preeclampsia have high plasma homocysteine levels that are inversely related to insulin sensitivity. Plasma homocysteine levels in preeclamptic women are elevated and in an inverse relationship to insulin sensitivity.
Qué lugar ocupan la acción y la expresión espontánea de los niños y las niñas en la escuela (2017)

El juego espontaneo es una necesidad de los ninos y ninas a la que, en la escuela El Martinet, intentamos darle espacio. En las edades de 6, 7 y 8 anos, que la escuela acoge en la comunidad de los medianos, la relacion y el deseo de saber y comprender el mundo toma mucha fuerza. El juego es, a menudo, el vehiculo con el que los ninos y las ninas transitan entre la realidad y la fantasia, desarrollando asi su propia exploracion e investigacion. El respeto profundo y el amor hacia cada uno de ellos es clave en nuestra intervencion como docentes.
Towards Wireless Addressable Optoelectronic Implants for Large-Scale Optogenetics (2019)

This paper presents the concept and some preliminary results of a millimeter-scale wireless addressable optoelectronic implant (WAOI), a network of which can be distributed over the brain for large-scale optogenetics. The WAOI contains a wireless receiver (base), which establishes wireless power transfer and data communication with an external unit, connected to an optoelectronic shank, which integrates liquid crystal-based silicon photonic on CMOS electronics for switchable optical emission. The liquid crystal-switched waveguide can provide light switching of a single light source (e.g. laser diode), which is integrated on the base, along the shank, thus minimizing heat generation within brain parenchyma. To reduce interconnect wiring between the base and the shank, a power-line communication technique is presented for data transfer from the base to the shank. Simplified prototypes of the base and shank ASICs were designed and developed in 0.35-μm 2P4M CMOS process. The simulation results of these ASICs for addressing of 16 stimulation pixels on the shank are presented. Moreover, a macroscale example of liquid crystal-switched waveguide was fabricated and measured to demonstrate basic liquid crystal switch operation.
Highly Efficient Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis of the Diels–Alder Reaction of 3-Vinylindoles and Methyleneindolinones Provides Carbazolespirooxindole Skeletons (2011)

Carbazolespirooxindole derivatives were synthesized in a high-yielding, atypically rapid, stereocontrolled Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by a C(2)-symmetric bisthiourea organocatalyst. Simple precursors and mild conditions were used to construct carbazolespirooxindole derivatives with high enantiopurity and structural diversity under H-bonding catalysis. The practical approach recycles the organocatalyst and solvent. This simple and efficient operational procedure will allow diversity-oriented syntheses of this intriguing class of compounds.
Proximal Tibial Osteotomy (1988)

Survival analysis studies of 40 patients treated with high tibial osteotomy for arthritis with angular deformity were performed to determine the dominant factors that adversely affected long-term knee function. Obesity, advanced age, and postoperative overcorrection or undercorrection resulted in short durations of successful function. On the average, the probabilities for continued useful function of the knee at tested intervals were: one year, 86%; three years, 64%; five years, 50%; and nine years, 28%.
Key Factors Influencing Juvenile Quality In Mariculture: A Review (2003)

Environmental (temperature, salinity) and nutritional (DHA, EPA, ArA, vitamin A, phospholipids, iodine) factors during larvae rearing largely dictate the successful transformation of larvae to juveniles during metamorphosis which, in turn, determines juvenile quality. Studies on Atlantic halibut, turbot and Japanese flounder report higher metamorphic success, in terms of pigmen- tation, eye migration and general development, when copepods, rather than enriched Artemia, were fed to larvae. Copepods have higher levels of vitamin A, which is required for the synthe- sis of rhodopsin in the retina, a critical visual pigment in the rods necessary for vision at low light intensities. Deficient rhodopsin affects neural transmission from the retina via the central nervous system that triggers pituitary production of melanophore stimulating hormone leading to reduced melanin synthesis and pigmentation deficiency. DHA, an abundant PUFA in copepods, is also vital to vision as it provides the membrane fluidity necessary for rhodopsin to function when stim- ulated by light. The essential fatty acids EPA and ArA are more involved in eicosanoid synthe- sis. These highly potent metabolites are thought to regulate the mechanisms involved in the release of melanophore stimulating hormone and pigmentation. Thyroid hormones play a major role in regulating many developmental processes that occur during metamorphosis. Immersing different age marine fish larvae into various concentrations of thyroid hormone has been shown to synchronize and shorten the duration of metamorphosis in a dose dependent manner in species such as grouper. However, the effect of this immersion on survival varied with the type of thyroid hormone, dose and timing of application. In some species, such as the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), females grow up to 40% faster than males. However, when this species is intensively cultured, masculinization can result in a 70-90% male population. A num- ber of studies have shown that manipulating temperature and salinity during larviculture can result in higher quality juveniles, i.e., a higher percent of faster growing females.
Inhibition of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats by ellagic acid (1990)

In this report, we describe the ability of ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic compound present in a number of fruits and nuts, to inhibit N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine (NBMA) tumorigenesis in the rat esophagus. When administered in a semi-purified diet at concentrations of 0.4 and 4 g/kg, EA produced a significant (21-55%) decrease in the average number of NBMA-induced esophageal tumors after 20 and 27 weeks of the bioassay. EA exhibited inhibitory effects toward preneoplastic lesions as well as neoplastic lesions. Tumors were not observed in vehicle-control rats or in rats that received EA alone.
Deficiencies of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), or TLR4 Produce Specific Defects in Macrophage Cytokine Secretion Induced byHelicobacter pylori (2007)

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa, leading to disease conditions ranging from gastritis to cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in innate immunity by their recognition of conserved molecular patterns on bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Upon recognition of microbial components, these TLRs associate with several adaptor molecules, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). To investigate the contribution of the innate immune system to H. pylori infection, bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and MyD88 were infected with H. pylori SS1 and SD4 for 24 or 48 h. We demonstrate that MyD88 was essential for H. pylori induction of all cytokines investigated except alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). The secretion of IFN-alpha was substantially increased from cells deficient in MyD88. H. pylori induced interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 through TLR4/MyD88 signaling. In addition, H. pylori induced less IL-6 and IL-1beta in TLR2-deleted macrophages, suggesting that the MyD88 pathway activated by TLR2 stimulation is responsible for H. pylori induction of the host proinflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-1beta). These observations are important in light of a recent report on IL-6 and IL-1beta playing a role in the development of H. pylori-related gastric cancer. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that H. pylori activates TLR2 and TLR4, leading to the secretion of distinct cytokines by macrophages.
Local and Global Optimization Techniques in Graph-Based Clustering (2018)

The goal of graph-based clustering is to divide a dataset into disjoint subsets with members similar to each other from an affinity (similarity) matrix between data. The most popular method of solving graph-based clustering is spectral clustering. However, spectral clustering has drawbacks. Spectral clustering can only be applied to macroaverage-based cost functions, which tend to generate undesirable small clusters. This study first introduces a novel cost function based on micro-average. We propose a local optimization method, which is widely applicable to graph-based clustering cost functions. We also propose an initial-guess-free algorithm to avoid its initialization dependency. Moreover, we present two global optimization techniques. The experimental results exhibit significant clustering performances from our proposed methods, including 100% clustering accuracy in the COIL-20 dataset.
Medical, ethical, and legal considerations in fertility preservation (2011)

The past 2 decades have seen a significant rise in cancer survival rates, and an increasing proportion of survivors at reproductive age are interested in childbearing. Although assisted reproduction provides physicians with an array of potential possibilities to help patients whose fertility is compromised by cancer treatment, there is still a dearth of regulation regarding the application of this technology. The present paper reviews the current options for fertility preservation, with a particular focus on the legal and ethical challenges that confront providers of this type of care.