gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution, steep profile resist patterns (1979)

High resolution and steep profile patterns have been generated in a 2.6 μm thick organic layer which conforms to the steps on a wafer surface and is planar on its top. This thick organic layer (a photoresist in the present experiments) is covered with an intermediate layer of SiO2 and a top, thin layer of x-ray or photoresist. After exposure and development of the top resist layer, the intermediate layer is etched by CHF3 reactive ion etching. The thick organic layer is then etched by O2 reactive ion etching. Submicron resolution with essentially vertical walls in the thick organic material was achieved. The technique is also applicable to photo and electron lithography. It reduces the need for thick resist patterns for the lithography step and, at the same time, ensures high resolution combined with good step coverage.
Lifetime of organic thin-film transistors with organic passivation layers (2006)

We fabricated a high-performance pentacene organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) on plastic and passivated it with polyvinylalcohol and photosensitive acryl layers. The pentacene was grown on the thin-film transistor area using a self-organized process. The OTFT after the passivation exhibited the field-effect mobility of 0.80cm2∕Vs, threshold voltage of −9.2V, and on/off current ratio of 108. The field-effect mobility and threshold voltage change exponentially with time in air. The lifetime, defined as the time required to decrease the on current by one-half, was found to be ∼11000h in ambient air. The absolute value of threshold voltage of the unpassivated OTFT increases with time in air, but it decreases with time in the passivated OTFT. This indicates that the origins for the degradation in the performances of the two OTFTs are different. H2O in unpassivated and O2 in passivated OTFT appear to be the major origin for the degradation.
Motivation for DOC III: 64-bit digital optical computer (1991)

The objective of this paper is to motivate a new class ofdigital logic. OptiComp has focused on a digital optical logic family in order to capitalize on theinherent benefits of optical computing which include: Attribute #1: High FAN-IN and FAN-OUT Attribute #2: Low power consumption Attribute #3: High noise margin Attribute #4: High algorithmic efficiency using "Smart" interconnects Attribute #5: Free space leverage of GIBP (gate interconnect bandwidth product) Other well known secondary advantages of optical logic include (but are not limited to): Zero capacitive loading of signals at a detector Zero cross-talk between signals Zero signal dispersion Minimal clock skew (a few picoseconds or less in an imaging system) The primary focus ofthispaper wiibe to demonstrate how each ofthe five advantages can be used toleverage other logic family performance such as GaAs; the secondary attributes will be discussed only in the context of introducing the DOC III architecture.
Multimode glass integrated optics (1994)

The practical usefulness of multimode guided wave optics has been overshadowed by the powerful trend of optical communications towards single mode technologies. Although multimode integrated optic technology lends itself to a very restricted palette of optical functions, it can perform elementary functions at a cost which falls dramatically as the number of identical samples increases unlike that of all-fibre and micro-optic components. Glass integrated optics brings the additional advantage of stability versus external physical parameters.
Neural network techniques for object orientation detection. Solution by optimal feedforward network and learning vector quantization approaches (1990)

The computer-vision problem of determining object orientation from the consensus of orientations of individual symbols or marks is examined. The problem arises in automatic inspection where orientation can be detected from printed text but there is no knowledge of the content of the text. This is a high-dimensional classification problem, and there is a requirement for highly accurate detection and rapid processing. The typical multilayer threshold networks are seen as unsuitable, and the optimal Bayesian detector is derived and found to have the highly parallel structure of a feedforward network. The learning vector quantization neural network method of T. Kohonen (1988) is also applied. Experimental results, comparisons, and a complete implementation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using molecular simulation to characterise metal–organic frameworks for adsorption applications (2009)

Molecular simulation is a powerful tool to predict adsorption and to gain insight into the corresponding molecular level phenomena. In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of how molecular simulation can be used to characterise metal-organic frameworks for adsorption applications. Particular attention is drawn to how these insights can be combined to develop design principles for specific applications.
Malware detection with quantitative data flow graphs (2014)

We propose a novel behavioral malware detection approach based on a generic system-wide quantitative data flow model. We base our data flow analysis on the incremental construction of aggregated quantitative data flow graphs. These graphs represent communication between different system entities such as processes, sockets, files or system registries. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a prototypical instantiation and implementation for the Windows operating system. Our experiments yield encouraging results: in our data set of samples from common malware families and popular non-malicious applications, our approach has a detection rate of 96% and a false positive rate of less than 1.6%. In comparison with closely related data flow based approaches, we achieve similar detection effectiveness with considerably better performance: an average full system analysis takes less than one second.
Photoluminescence in PbTe-PbEuTeSe multiquantum wells (1985)

Infrared photoluminescence has been studied in a thin (92 Å) PbTe-PbEuTeSe multiquantum well structure. The spectra show good agreement with calculations for the n=1 quantum well transition for a simple two-dimensional electron-hole gas with low-energy broadening consistent with monolayer well width fluctuations. From the measured effective electron temperatures we estimate that the electron-longitudinal optical phonon interaction is significantly reduced in comparison with bulk PbTe.
G253 Training local staff in northern ethiopia in newborn resuscitation and care (2015)

<h3></h3> There were 3.1 million neonatal deaths in 2010. The majority of these deaths occur in the developing world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia. Although the under five-child mortality rate in Ethiopia from has improved from 204 to 68 per 1000 in 2012 (156<sup>th</sup> worldwide) the neonatal mortality rate has been slow to improve. The neonatal mortality rate for Tigray region is high at 44 per 1000 compared to the national rate of 29 per 1000 (168<sup>th</sup> worldwide). The commonest causes of neonatal death are sepsis, birth asphyxia, and prematurity. Improvement in knowledge and skills associated with newborn care, early identification of problems and improvement in newborn resuscitation skills can improve outcomes. <h3>Aim</h3> Develop a two-day training course for local hospital staff at a district hospital in the Northern Tigray region of Ethiopia on newborn resuscitation and essential newborn care and then train hospital staff. <h3>Method</h3> A two-day training course was developed using country and regional guidelines and resuscitation standards. Teaching was delivered through lectures, small group work, skills teaching, and scenario practice. The course was delivered to four times in total to 83 hospital staff (doctors, nurses, clinical officers and midwives) overall. Pre and post course written tests and a post course practical test in newborn resuscitation were undertaking by all candidates. <h3>Results</h3> There was a significant improvement between pre course and post course written test scores with a pre course average of 53.2% and a post course average of 66.4% (p &lt; 0.001). The post course practical test score average was 5.5 out of 6. Candidates provided positive feedback on the course. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Training in newborn resuscitation and care is essential as part of improving neonatal morbidity and mortality. Local training programmes for hospital staff can improve knowledge and skills, which are then used in routine practice. It is important that these are accessible to all staff through using local languages to teach and training local staff as course faculty.
The Crystal Structure of Dimethylsulfoxidepentammineruthenium(II) Hexafluorophosphate (1971)

The crystal structure of dimethylsulfoxidepentammineruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate ( [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 DMSO] 2+ 2PF 6 − ) has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c, with four formula units in a unit cell of dimensions a = 8.805(2), b = 17.335(5), c = 12.373(2) Å, β = 94.24(2)°. The structure has been refined by full matrix least-squares methods to a final residual R of 0.054 for 1987 reflections greater than 3σ. The DMSO ligand coordinates through the sulfur atom and the S—O bond distance (1.527(7) Å) is considerably longer than that found for other sulfur–donor complexes of the ligand. The Ru—S bond distance is 2.188(3) Å.
Rapid plasmid insert amplification with polymerase chain reaction (1988)

Journal Article Rapid plasmid insert amplification with polymerase chain reaction Get access Wei Liang, Wei Liang Division of Medical GeneticsChildren's Hospital, 747 52nd St., Oakland, CA 94609, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John P. Johnson John P. Johnson Division of Medical GeneticsChildren's Hospital, 747 52nd St., Oakland, CA 94609, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 8, 25 April 1988, Page 3579, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.8.3579 Published: 25 April 1988 Article history Received: 15 March 1988 Published: 25 April 1988
Bathymetry by new designed interferometry sonar mounted on AUV (2005)

AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) "r2D4" that can act under the sea up to a depth of 4,000 m was built to explore the seabed and observe hydrothermal activities. The r2D4 was designed to be equipped with side scan sonar SYSTEM2000 as one of many observation sensors. Because side scan sonar is mainly used for getting geological data, we have been developing a system to get bathymetric data using combination of side scan sonar and three hydrophones. We are aiming at bathymetric survey using the AUV r2D4 equipped with this system. Some groups have already developed interferometric side scan sonar system for bathymetric survey. Most systems are equipped with conventional side scan sonar system and two hydrophones whose distance is set at nth wavelength of the transmitter signal. However such an interferometric side scan sonar system using two hydrophones has inherent defects and technical issues. For example, the longer we extend the distance of two hydrophones, even though we can get higher resolution data of elevation angle of received signals, the more difficult it is to discriminate which data are correctly expressive of the real seafloor. This is why we could not get bathymetric data in high resolution using this inteferometric side scan sonar system with two hydrophones. Consequently we started to develop a new interferometric side scan sonar system which has three hydrophones that are arranged in a two-dimensional array of L-shape. Each length of the two legs of the L-shape is 3.4 times and 13.6 times the wavelength of the transmitter signal (100 kHz). With this new system we could get resolution enhancement and eliminate the defect, described above, that previous interferometric side scan sonar systems with two hydrophones have. In this paper we describe advantages of the new system and show 3D-mappings as the results of experiments and surveys. We describe the method, now being tried, to get higher resolution data.
Challenges of selecting pharmacotherapy for macular edema the need for better and combination therapies (2019)

KEYWORDS: Macular edemadiabetic retinopathymacular degenerationuveitisVEGFanti-VEGFcorticosteroidscombination therapy
The Initiation of Auxin Autonomy in Tissue from Tobacco Plants Carrying the Auxin Biosynthesizing Genes from the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1986)

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Havana 425) plants containing the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesizing genes (1 and 2) from the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37-ADH(2) (mutated at the cytokinin biosynthesis gene 4) were used to study the physiological basis of the suppression and reinitiation of the auxin autonomous phenotype. The plants, though normal in appearance and cross-fertile with nontransformed, wild type tobacco, are shown to contain multiple copies of genes 1 and 2. Plants carrying these genes respond to inoculation by Agrobacterium strains mutated at genes 1 and 2 in a virulent fashion. Despite the presence and potential in planta activity of these genes, pith explants from such plants require auxin or tryptophan for growth in vitro, as does wild type tobacco. In both cases the indole-3-acetic acid levels increase rapidly in pith explants cultured on tryptophan-containing medium. However, only the tissues containing genes 1 and 2 grow subsequently on auxin-free medium and accumulate indole-3-acetic acid to levels that support growth. The capacity of such tissues to utilize naphthalene acetamide as an auxin suggests that gene 2 is rapidly activated during the reinitiation process.
Cyclopropylcarbinyllithium (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropylcarbinyllithiumPeter T. Lansbury and Victor A. PattisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 12, 1886–1887Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00895a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00895a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discriminative Autoencoder for Feature Extraction: Application to\n Character Recognition (2019)

Conventionally, autoencoders are unsupervised representation learning tools.\nIn this work, we propose a novel discriminative autoencoder. Use of supervised\ndiscriminative learning ensures that the learned representation is robust to\nvariations commonly encountered in image datasets. Using the basic\ndiscriminating autoencoder as a unit, we build a stacked architecture aimed at\nextracting relevant representation from the training data. The efficiency of\nour feature extraction algorithm ensures a high classification accuracy with\neven simple classification schemes like KNN (K-nearest neighbor). We\ndemonstrate the superiority of our model for representation learning by\nconducting experiments on standard datasets for character/image recognition and\nsubsequent comparison with existing supervised deep architectures like class\nsparse stacked autoencoder and discriminative deep belief network.\n
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2 from Pharmacokinetically Stabilized Cystine Knot Peptides That Bind Alpha-v-Beta-6 Integrin with Single-Digit Nanomolar Affinities for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.3MB, Figures, Tables, Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
A potential role for ICP, a leishmanial inhibitor of cysteine peptidases, in the interaction between host and parasite (2004)

The biological role of a natural inhibitor of cysteine peptidases (designated ICP) of Leishmania has been investigated by genetic manipulation of the parasite. Null mutants grew normally in vitro, were as infective to macrophages in vitro as wild-type parasites, but had reduced infectivity to mice. Mutants re-expressing ICP from a single gene gave partial restoration of virulence in vivo, whereas mutants overexpressing ICP secreted the inhibitor and showed markedly reduced virulence in mice. Promastigotes of the null mutants had similar cysteine peptidase activities as the wild-type parasites, suggesting that ICP is not required for the expression or processing of the enzymes. The only proteins found to bind to ICP in promastigote cell lysates were fully processed forms of CPA and CPB, showing that ICP does not bind in abundance either to zymogens of the cysteine peptidases or other leishmanial proteins. However, only a small proportion of ICP colocalized with CPA and CPB in the promastigote (in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) and the majority of ICP resided in vesicles that are apparently distinct from endosomes and the multivesicular tubule (MVT)-lysosome. These data suggest that ICP has a role other than modulation of the activity of the parasite's own cysteine peptidases and their normal trafficking to the MVT-lysosome via the flagellar pocket. The finding that ICP partially colocalized with an endocytosed cysteine peptidase leads us to postulate that ICP has a role in protection of the parasite against the hydrolytic environment of the sandfly gut and/or the parasitophorous vacuole of host macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE STRUCTURALLY NOVEL ANALGESIC FLUPIRTIN (1981)

Abstract Zur Synthese des substitutierten Triaminopyridins (VII) wird das leicht zugängliche Dichlornitropyridin (I) durch stufenweise Substitution der Chloratome durch NH 3 (II) bzw. p‐Fluorbenzylamin (IV) in (V) übergeführt.
A 3D treemap approach for analyzing the classificatory distribution in patent portfolios (2008)

Due to the complexity of the patent domain and the huge amount of data, advanced interactive visual techniques are needed to support the analysis of large patent collections and portfolios. In this paper we present a new approach for visualizing the classificatory distribution of patent collections among the International Patent Classification (IPC) - todaypsilas most important internationally agreed patent classification system with about 70.000 categories. Our approach is based on an interactive three-dimensional treemap overlaid with adjacency edge bundles.
MASS AND MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN ABOVEGROUND COMPONENTS OF STANDING CORN PLANTS (2006)

Corn stover mass and moisture properties were identified to aid decisions regarding collection of standing cornstover dry matter with least moisture, and to aid development of moisture prediction tools for applications including harvest,transport, size reduction, and storage. Vertical distributions of mass and moisture in standing stalks and abovegroundcomponents such as leaf, husk, and ear in standing corn plants were evaluated over time. Stalks were cut into 254 mm longsections to facilitate analysis, and to correspond with billet length collected for cane-type crops. Stalks had the greatest wetmass (72.6%) followed by leaf (20.7%) and husk (6.8%) during the normal harvest period. Moisture profile in abovegroundplant components exhibited two separate, sequential linear relationships when plotted with time. The first zone was rapidmoisture reduction prior to the normal harvest period. The second zone, corresponding with but not the result of grain harvest,had slow, gradual moisture reduction and stabilization. Geometrical analyses of stalk cross-sectional area, volume, andlateral surface area to volume ratio documented physical properties for future moisture prediction tools. Considering stalksonly, the bottom 1 to 4 stalk sections had 60.6% of total dry matter, although that was the last portion of the stalk to dry, therebyincreasing the liability of added moisture on transportation and storage. An apparent drying front moved downward throughthe plant over time and may be explained by reduced the lateral surface area to volume ratio from stalk top to stalk bottom.Dry matter and moisture content of stalks were not significantly influenced by the observed soil and environmentalparameters, including rainfall. It was hypothesized that standing stalks readily shed rainfall and allowed less opportunityfor moisture penetration. Mass and moisture content of discrete stalk sections were normalized using plant height to facilitatemultiple regression equations applicable to other crop heights. Results pertain to assessment of mass and moisture status ofstanding stalks in the field before and after grain harvest, identity of moisture factors related to the supply of uniform-qualityfeedstock, and discovery of relevant biomass properties needed for design and management of efficient biomass processesand equipment.
Fluoroscopy servoing using translation/rotation decoupling in an A/P view (2003)

This paper presents a fluoroscopy servoing algorithm for automatic alignment of a needle using a medical robot during interventional procedures. The goal of this work is to provide physicians with assistance in needle alignment during minimally invasive procedures under fluoroscopy imaging. This may also help reduce radiation exposure for the physician and provide more accurate targeting of internal anatomy. The paper presents the overall concept and describes our implementation along with the initial laboratory results and studies in the interventional suite. The algorithm is based on a single anterior/posterior fluoroscopic image. Future work will be aimed at demonstrating the clinical feasibility of the method.
Reconstructing system state for intrusion analysis (2008)

The analysis of a compromised system is a time-consuming and error-prone task today because commodity operating systems provide limited auditing facilities. We have been developing an operating-system level auditing system called Forensix that captures a high-resolution image of all system activities so that detailed analysis can be performed after an attack is detected. The challenge with this approach is that the large amount of audit data generated can overwhelm analysis tools. In this paper, we describe a technique that helps generate a time-line of the state of the system. This technique, based on preprocessing the audit log, simplifies the implementation of the analysis queries and enables running the analysis tools interactively on large data sets.