gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of disease-free survival in CheckMate 274 by PD-L1 combined positive score and tumor proportion score. (2022)

491 Background: CheckMate 274 demonstrated a significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) with nivolumab (NIVO) versus placebo (PBO) both in the intent-to-treat population (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 98.22% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.90; P &lt; 0.001) and in patients (pts) with tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 1% assessed by the tumor proportion score (TPS) (HR, 0.55; 98.72% CI, 0.35–0.85; P &lt; 0.001). An exploratory subgroup analysis showed a trend toward a DFS benefit with NIVO in pts with TPS &lt; 1% (0.82; 95% CI, 0.63–1.06). To further characterize the relationship between PD-L1 expression and NIVO efficacy, we report an analysis of DFS based on PD-L1 expression in both tumor and immune cells using the combined positive score (CPS). Methods: CheckMate 274 is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of NIVO versus PBO in pts with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma after radical surgery. Pts were randomized 1:1 to NIVO 240 mg or PBO every 2 weeks intravenously for 1 year of adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoints of the study are DFS in the intent-to-treat population and in pts with TPS ≥ 1%. The Dako PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx assay was used to evaluate TPS. CPS was determined retrospectively from previously stained immunohistochemistry slides using the CPS algorithm. CPS was calculated as the number of both PD-L1 positive tumor and immune cells divided by the number of viable tumor cells in the evaluable tumor area, multiplied by 100; TPS was similarly calculated with the number of PD-L1 positive tumor cells as the numerator. This analysis only included pts with both quantifiable CPS and TPS. Results: Of the 629 pts with quantifiable TPS and CPS, 249 (40%) had TPS ≥ 1% (NIVO, n = 124; PBO, n = 125), 380 (60%) had TPS &lt; 1% (NIVO, n = 191; PBO, n = 189), 557 (89%) had CPS ≥ 1 (NIVO, n = 281; PBO, n = 276), and 72 (11%) had CPS &lt; 1 (NIVO, n = 34; PBO, n = 38). Within TPS &lt; 1% pts, 81% (n = 309) had CPS ≥ 1. The number of pts and the DFS outcomes in pts with TPS ≥ 1% and CPS ≥ 1 are shown in the Table. In pts with TPS &lt; 1% who also had CPS ≥ 1, median DFS (95% CI) was 19.2 (15.6–33.4) months with NIVO versus 10.1 (8.2–19.4) months with PBO. The HR for NIVO versus PBO in these pts was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54–0.99). Conclusions: This exploratory analysis of PD-L1 expression by CPS showed a higher proportion of pts with CPS ≥ 1 than TPS ≥ 1%, and that most pts with TPS &lt; 1% had CPS ≥ 1. In the CPS ≥ 1 subgroup, median DFS with NIVO was more than double that with placebo. These results support the conclusion that pts with TPS &lt; 1% also benefit from adjuvant NIVO. Clinical trial information: NCT02632409. [Table: see text]
Manipulation by Corticotropin and Cortisol of Aldosterone Secretion in Primary Aldosteronism (1969)

Administration of hydrocortisone to three patients with primary aldosteronism reduced aldosterone excretion to normal. Dexamethasone failed to suppress aldosterone in two others. In four out of five patients given corticotropin, aldosterone suppression followed initial stimulation. The suppression did not appear to involve any known regulatory influences, since no associated changes in plasma renin or sodium and potassium balance were observed. Possibly, increased circulating cortisol levels exerted a direct influence on the adrenal cortex. Since at least four of these patients had a typical aldosterone-secreting adenoma, it would appear that aldosterone suppression by either corticotropin or cortisol is not a characteristic feature of hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperfunction. Manipulation of tumor function by these hormones suggests that at least some aldosterone-secreting tumors are not completely autonomous.
Theory of the magnetic skyrmion glass (2018)

Magnetic skyrmions discovered in chiral magnets show unique physical properties due to their nontrivial topology. While their basic properties have been well understood for pure systems, in real materials there is always disorder from, for example, crystal defects or impurities. This glassy nature substantially modifies the low-energy behavior, and hence the investigation of the skyrmion glass is crucial to understanding real materials. Here, the authors theoretically study disordered chiral magnets in terms of replica field theory, and provide a firm basis to explore the glassy state of magnetic skyrmions.
Simulations of the Impact of Co-injected Gases on CO2 Storage, the SIGARRR Project: First Results on Water-gas Interactions Modeling (2014)

When capturing CO2, the collected gas mixture can vary considerably both qualitatively and quantitatively, based on the CO2 origin, the capture process and the industrial sector. Co-injected with CO2, these impurities might be an issue in case of leakage but may also impact the subsurface storage. Operators of the whole CCS chain are therefore waiting for recommendations in terms of admissible concentrations while regulators are waiting for tools allowing them to formulate these recommendations. The SIGARRR project aims at proposing accurate reactive-transport simulations to model the long-term behavior of CO2 and its co- injected gases within storage sites focusing on the reactivity with reservoirs and the possible inferences on the environment. The paper presents first numerical results on water-gas equilibriums in agreement with experiments.
Adaptive Production Control in a Modular Assembly System – Towards an Agent-based Approach (2019)

In industry, individualization leads to a slow replacement of assembly line production with more flexible modular assembly systems. In modular systems, each product can be completed on multiple routes through a grid of modular workstations, where transportation is handled by automated guided vehicles (AGV). In order to benefit from this routing flexibility and to react on disturbances in the system, new robust control approaches are crucial. While optimizing the production flow globally is limited by computing power, this work presents a decentralized control approach that reduces complexity by dividing the problem into sub-problems: A job release agent releases jobs at certain points in time according to the system's inventory level. Each job in the system is linked to a job routing agent regularly choosing the optimal route out of the options given by the product's flexibility. Every modular station is represented by a workstation agent optimizing the workstation's schedule. Lastly, a vehicle agent assigns transports optimally to the AGVs and coordinates them accordingly. An evaluation example emphasized the decentralized approach as a valid way for real-time robust control solutions, where the makespan was about five percent away from the static optimum.
Sodium-Sulfur Batteries with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia drug resistance (2009)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged in recent years as a paradigm of an intrinsically resistant, opportunistic bacterial pathogen with an environmental origin. The recent publication of the sequences of two S. maltophilia genomes has shown that this bacterium contains a large repertoire of antibiotic resistance determinants, probably contributing to its characteristic susceptibility to antibiotics. Among those determinants, the best characterized are a number of multidrug efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. Recently, the presence of a gene coding for a Qnr determinant in the genome of S. maltophilia has also been described. Together, these elements confer resistance to several of the drugs currently used for treating infections. Besides these chromosomally encoded determinants, which evolved in S. maltophilia long before the recent human use of antibiotics, this bacterial species is acquiring novel resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, thereby increasing its resistance. Future studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms of resistance, their regulation and potential crosstalk with S. maltophilia virulence, as well as the population dynamics of the different isolates of this bacterial species.
Higher plant antioxidants and redox signaling under environmental stresses (2008)

Main antioxidants in higher plants include glutathione, ascorbate, tocopherol, proline, betaine, and others, which are also information-rich redox buffers and important redox signaling components that interact with biomembrane-related compartments. As an evolutionary consequence of aerobic life for higher plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The above enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants can protect their cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. In addition to crucial roles in defense system and as enzyme cofactors, antioxidants influence higher plant growth and development by modifying processes from mitosis and cell elongation to senescence and death. Most importantly, they provide essential information on cellular redox state, and regulate gene expression associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses to optimize defense and survival. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of main antioxidants and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-antioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolism and from the changing environment, which regulates the appropriate induction of acclimation processes or, execution of cell death programs, which are the two essential directions for higher plants.
Speciation of Six Arsenic Compounds in Korean Seafood Samples by HPLC-ICP-MS (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A pilot study of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-polyethylene glycol and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-methylcellulose branched copolymers as injectable scaffolds for local delivery of neurotrophins and cellular transplants into the injured spinal cord (2011)

Based on the results, the authors suggest that these copolymers are feasible injectable scaffolds for cell grafting into the injured spinal cord and for delivery of therapeutic factors.
The influence of posture and scapulothoracic orientation on the choice of humeral component retrotorsion in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (2020)

Scapular orientation and posture should be integrated into the determination process of humeral component retrotorsion in RTSA. In theory, implantation of the humeral component with increased retrotorsion leads to improved neutral opposition of the RTSA components in patients with extensive internal rotation of the scapula. On the basis of varying scapular internal rotation, we propose the distinction of 3 different posture types (A-C) for enhanced appraisal of scapulothoracic orientation.
Eye point-of-regard system (1971)

System measures intersection of line of sight and eye point of regard /EPR/ for a human operator in visual scanning system. Device measures two head to reference angles with EPR system and adds them with eye to head angles, yielding a dc signal proportional to picture plane coordinates.
Design and use of tailored hard‐pulse trains for uniformed saturation of myocardium at 3 Tesla (2008)

Complete and uniform saturation of myocardium is essential for quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging using the first pass of a contrast agent. At 3 T, inhomogeneities of both the static (B(0)) and radiofrequency (B(1)) magnetic fields have led to the use of adiabatic B(1)-insensitive rotation type 4 (BIR-4) pulses, which in practice are constrained by radiofrequency (RF) heating. In this study, we propose the use of trains of weighted hard pulses that are optimized for the measured variation of B(0) and B(1) fields in the myocardium. These pulses are simple to design, and require substantially lower RF power when compared with BIR-4 pulses. In volunteers, at 3 T, we demonstrated that the proposed saturation pulse with three subpulses results in lower peak and lower average residual longitudinal magnetization over the heart, as compared with 8-msec BIR-4 pulses and conventional hard pulse trains (P < 0.05).
40-wavelength planar channel-dropping filter with improved crosstalk (2001)

We present a planar 40-wavelength 100-GHz spacing channel-dropping filter with wide in-to-through stopbands and low in-to-drop crosstalk, yet highly cascadable in-to-through passbands without significant excess loss or large physical size.
High use of private providers for first healthcare seeking by drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in Yangon, Myanmar (2018)

In urban Myanmar, most patients shifted to being managed exclusively in the public sector after being formally diagnosed with DR-TB. However, since the vast majority of DR-TB patients first visited private providers in the period leading to diagnosis, related issues such as unregulated quality of care, potential delays to diagnosis, and lack of care continuity may greatly influence the emergence of drug-resistance. A greater understanding of the health system and these healthcare-seeking behaviors may simultaneously strengthen TB control programmes and reduce government and out-of-pocket expenditures on the management of DR-TB.
Development of a Self-Activated Cable Spooling System for Seaborne Winch (1997)

In this paper, a self-activated cable spooling system for seaborne winch is developed . The system consists of a hydraulic servo driving unit and a cable position measurement mechanism. To realize the cable spooling system, it is carried out the mathematical modelling of the system and designed the proportional controller through the system aalysis and the simulation. The cable spooling system is tested and evaluated to validate the performance of the controller. The test results shows a good traceability of the cable spooling system under disturbance of cable tension.
Available Routing Constructs (2015)

This draft introduces the concept of ARC, a two-edged routing
construct that forms its own fault isolation and recovery domain. The
new paradigm can be leveraged to improve the network utilization and
resiliency for unicast and multicast traffic in multiple environments,
and is optimized to compute short reroute paths in case of breakages.
Thymol Encapsulated into HP-β-Cyclodextrin as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides to Induce Lemon Resistance against Sour Rot Decay (2020)

Consumers demand the use of eco-friendly fungicides to treat fruit and vegetables and governmental authorities have unauthorized the application of chemical antifungals for the efficient control of sour rot. In the present research, the microwave irradiation (MW) method was used to encapsulate thymol into 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and the effect of these HP-β-CD on controlling sour rot in citrus fruit, caused by <i>Geotrichum citri-aurantii</i>, was evaluated. Amounts of 25 and 50 mM of HP-β-CD-thymol were used, and compared with propiconazole, to control the decay of inoculated lemon fruit. The treatments were performed in curative and preventive experiments. The incidence and severity of <i>Geotrichum citri-aurantii</i> in 25 and 50 mM HP-β-CD-thymol-treated fruit were reduced in both experiments. The preventive 50 mM HP-β-CD-thymol treatment showed the best effect, reducing the sour rot, respiration rate and fruit weight loss during storage at 20 °C. HP-β-CD-thymol increased polyphenol concentration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in lemon peel, and the highest effects were found with the 50-mM dose. In conclusion, the results show that the use of thymol encapsulated by MW into HP-β-CD could be an effective and sustainable tool, a substitute to the synthetic fungicides, for <i>G. citri-auriantii</i> control in citrus fruit.
The phenolic compounds tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol counteract liver fibrogenesis via the transcriptional modulation of NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress-related miRNAs (2022)

Liver fibrosis is the result of a chronic pathological condition caused by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which induces the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrogenesis is sustained by an exaggerated production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are overactivated in hepatic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic properties of two phenolic compounds of natural origin, tyrosol (Tyr) and hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We assessed Tyr and HTyr antifibrotic and antioxidant activity both in vitro, by a co-culture of LX2, HepG2 and THP1-derived Mϕ macrophages, set up to simulate the hepatic microenvironment, and in vivo, in a mouse model of liver fibrosis obtained by carbon tetrachloride treatment. We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of profibrotic and oxidative markers (α-SMA, COL1A1, NOX1/4) by qPCR and/or immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. The expression of selected miRNAs in mouse livers were measured by qPCR. Tyr and HTyr reduces fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, by downregulating all fibrotic markers. Notably, they also modulated oxidative stress by restoring the physiological levels of NOX1 and NOX4. In vivo, this effect was accompanied by a transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes and of 2 miRNAs involved in the control of oxidative stress damage (miR-181-5p and miR-29b-3p). In conclusion, Tyr and HTyr exert antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis, by modulating hepatic oxidative stress, representing promising candidates for further development.
Coating of enamel and dentin with bioactive materials: Effect on adhesive interface of class V restorations. (2019)

The adhesive interface formed between 10-MDP-containing universal one component adhesive and enamel/dentin with enriched mineral content may improve the quality of restoration margins.
Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature (1999)

This paper provides an elementary, non‐technical, survey of auction theory, by introducing and describing some of the critical papers in the subject. (The most important of these are reproduced in a companion book, The Economic Theory of Auctions , Paul Klemperer (ed.), Edward Elgar (pub.), forthcoming.); We begin with the most fundamental concepts, and then introduce the basic analysis of optimal auctions, the revenue equivalence theorem, and marginal revenues. Subsequent sections address risk‐aversion, affiliation, asymmetries, entry, collusion, multi‐unit auctions, double auctions, royalties, incentive contracts, and other topics. Appendices contain technical details, some simple worked examples, and a bibliography for each section.
Stability of Reconstructed Paralyzed Shoulders Using a Reflected Long Head Biceps Technique (1999)

A new tendon transfer technique is proposed for the reconstruction of the paralyzed shoulders secondary to Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI). In this tendon transfer, the long head of the biceps tendons is utilized as a bridging tendon graft. It is reflected at the exit of the bicipital groove, passed through the deltoid and directed to the trapezius. The technique is referred to here as the Reflected Long Head Bicepts (RLHB) technique. This study evaluated the effect of this tendon transfer on the anterior, posterior, and inferior stability of the reconstructed should using cadaveric specimens. It was shown that loading of the RLHB contributed significantly to anterior stability of the reconstructed shoulder for 90 deg elevation in the scapula plane. The mean displacement was reduced by 56 percent with RLHB loaded (p<0.01), by 56 percent with the rotator cuff loaded (p <0.005), and by 67 percent with both the RLHB and the rotator cuff loaded (p<0.004). For the post-operation conditions, variation of the directions of RLHB had no significant effect on joint displacement in response to anterior loading. The RLHB tendon also contributed to the posterior and inferior stability for the low and middle elevations in the plane of scapula. Two variations of the RLHB tendon transfer procedures, namely the "Sub-Deltoid" and the "Through-Deltoid" techniques, were introduced and studied. These two techniques did not seem to have significantly different effects on the displacement of the humeral head in response to both posterior and inferior loading. The results of this study seemed to support the clinical feasibility of this tendon transfer approach as far as the biomedical stability of the reconstruction is concerned.
Enzyme discovery beyond homology: a unique hydroxynitrile lyase in the Bet v1 superfamily (2017)

Homology and similarity based approaches are most widely used for the identification of new enzymes for biocatalysis. However, they are not suitable to find truly novel scaffolds with a desired function and this averts options and diversity. Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are an example of non-homologous isofunctional enzymes for the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. Due to their convergent evolution, finding new representatives is challenging. Here we show the discovery of unique HNL enzymes from the fern Davallia tyermannii by coalescence of transcriptomics, proteomics and enzymatic screening. It is the first protein with a Bet v1-like protein fold exhibiting HNL activity, and has a new catalytic center, as shown by protein crystallography. Biochemical properties of D. tyermannii HNLs open perspectives for the development of a complementary class of biocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of cyanohydrins. This work shows that systematic integration of -omics data facilitates discovery of enzymes with unpredictable sequences and helps to extend our knowledge about enzyme diversity.
[A Case of Rectal Colon Cancer with Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration]. (2018)

A case complicated with colorectal and prostate cancers in paraneoplastic(subacute)cerebellar degeneration(PCD)is extremely rare. We report a retrospective case of rectal carcinoma with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. A 79-year-old man with Parkinson's disease was unable to walk because of paralysis. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy. He was admitted to our hospital for anal bleeding and was diagnosed with colon cancer. An associated diagnosis of PCD was made. After resection, his paralysis and dysarthria were resolved to the extent of beingable to walk and speak fluently. Brain MP-RAGE showed no findings suggestive of metastasis or atrophy. He was treated surgically, which resulted in a transient improvement in PCD symptoms. Per blood testing, cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were lower postoperatively. Immunosuppressive levels of myeloid- derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)were lower compared with the preoperative values. Thus, innate immunocompetence and resolution of paralysis followed the surgical intervention.