gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of rat mitochondrial branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase kinase gene expression by glucocorticoids (1999)

The mammalian mitochondrial branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (BCOD) complex is regulated by a reversible phosphorylation (inactivation)/dephosphorylation (activation) cycle. In the present study, the effects of glucocorticoids on the level of BCOD kinase mRNA were investigated in rat hepatoma cell lines (H4IIE and FTO-2B), as well as in the rat. In H4IIE cells, dexamethasone was found to significantly reduce steady-state concentrations of BCOD kinase mRNA after a 48 h culture, and this was correlated with a 2-fold increase in the dephosphorylated form of the BCOD complex. The half-life of the kinase mRNA in H4IIE cells was not affected by dexamethasone treatment. Therefore, the decrease in the steady-state kinase mRNA level resulting from dexamethasone treatment was not caused by changes in mRNA stability, which raised the possibility of regulation at the level of gene transcription. To identify the negative glucocorticoid-responsive element in the kinase promoter, nested deletion constucts in the 3.0 kb promoter region were examined in H4IIE cells cultured in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. No significant differences in promoter activity were observed on either transient or stable transfection. The data showed that the glucocorticoid-responsive element was located outside the 3.0 kb promoter region. At the physiological level, hepatic BCOD kinase mRNA levels were reduced in rats injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone. This effect was liver-specific, and was not detected in other tissues. These results suggest that the down-regulation of kinase gene expression by glucocorticoids is mediated through a liver-specific or -enriched transcription factor(s).
Effects of retinoic acid on inducible NO synthase in listeria monocytogenes-infected rats in vivo (2001)

s and Programme: European Society of Anaesthesiologists; 9th Annual Meeting with the Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology; Gothenburg, Sweden, 7-10 April 2001: Intensive Care Medicine
Instandhaltungsstrategien als Basis für die ganzheitliche Bewertung von Stahl‐ und Verbundbrücken nach Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit (2013)

Abstract Die Berücksichtigung aller Einflüsse im gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Brücke bildet die Grundlage für Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen. Hierfür müssen Instandhaltungsszenarien auf Basis von Erneuerungszyklen für die einzelnen Bauteilgruppen – das sind Lager, Fahrbahnübergänge, Kappen etc. – definiert werden. Dieser Beitrag leitet drei Strategien für den deutschen Raum her, die für die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Brückenbauwerken angewendet werden können. Die Auswertungen der in Deutschland vorhandenen empirischen Datenbasis bildet hierfür die Grundlage. Zwei Strategien werden abschließend an einer Referenzbrücke als Autobahnüberführung in Integralbauweise zur Anwendung gebracht und mit Hilfe einer Ökobilanzierung, als Teil einer Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse, aus ökologischer Sicht bewertet. Maintenance strategies as a basis for the holistic assessment of steel and composite bridges according to criteria of sustainability. The consideration of all impacts during the life cycle of a bridge is essential for sustainability analyses. For this purpose maintenance scenarios based on of renewal cycles for all components of a bridge – i. e. bearings, expansion joints, caps, etc. – have to be defined. In this article three maintenance strategies for Germany are derived from an empirical database. This database is analyzed to develop input parameters which can be used for sustainability analyses. Concluding, two strategies are applied to a reference bridge as integral crossing of a motorway and evaluated by using the method of life cycle assessment, as one part of sustainability analyses.
A framework for rapid development and portable execution of packet-handling applications (2006)

This paper presents a framework that enables the execution of packet-handling applications (such as sniffers, firewalls, intrusion detectors, etc.) on different hardware platforms. This framework is centered on the NetVM - a novel, portable, and efficient virtual processor targeted for packet-based processing - and the NetPDL - a language dissociating applications from protocol specifications. In addition, a high-level programming language that enables rapid development of packet-based applications is presented
Pyrolysis of Cyclopentadienone: Mechanistic Insights from a Direct Measurement of Product Branching Ratios (2015)

The thermal decomposition of cyclopentadienone (C5H4═O) has been studied in a flash pyrolysis continuous flow microreactor. Passing dilute samples of o-phenylene sulfite (C6H4O2SO) in He through the microreactor at elevated temperatures yields a relatively clean source of C5H4═O. The pyrolysis of C5H4═O was investigated over the temperature range 1000-2000 K. Below 1600 K, we have identified two decomposition channels: (1) C5H4═O (+ M) → CO + HC≡C-CH═CH2 and (2) C5H4═O (+ M) → CO + HC≡CH + HC≡CH. There is no evidence of radical or H atom chain reactions. To establish the thermochemistry for the pyrolysis of cyclopentadienone, ab initio electronic structure calculations (AE-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pCVQZ//AE-CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ and anharmonic FC-CCSD(T)/ANO1 ZPEs) were used to find ΔfH0(C5H4═O) to be 16 ± 1 kcal mol(-1) and ΔfH0(CH2═CH-C≡CH) to be 71 ± 1 kcal mol(-1). The calculations predict the reaction enthalpies ΔrxnH0(1) to be 28 ± 1 kcal mol(-1) (ΔrxnH298(1) is 30 ± 1 kcal mol(-1)) and ΔrxnH0(2) to be 66 ± 1 kcal mol(-1) (ΔrxnH298(2) is 69 ± 1 kcal mol(-1)). Following pyrolysis of C5H4═O, photoionization mass spectrometry was used to measure the relative concentrations of HCC-CHCH2 and HCCH. Reaction 1 dominates at low pyrolysis temperatures (1000-1400 K). At temperatures above 1400 K, reaction 2 becomes the dominant channel. We have used the product branching ratios over the temperature range 1000-1600 K to extract the ratios of unimolecular rate coefficients for reactions 1 and 2 . If Arrhenius expressions are used, the difference of activation energies for reactions 1 and 2 , E2 - E1, is found to be 16 ± 1 kcal mol(-1) and the ratio of the pre-exponential factors, A2/A1, is 7.0 ± 0.3.
Pinhole imaging of laser-produced thermonuclear alpha particles (1977)

We have built a pinhole camera for imaging the deuterium-tritium (DT) burn region of laser-driven implosions by spatially resolving the α particles. Kodak Pathe LR-115 cellulose nitrate film was used as a detector with an 8-mg/cm2 Ta filter. Initial results show that the α particles are produced in a region which is much smaller than the initial glass microsphere.
AutoPhoto: Aesthetic Photo Capture using Reinforcement Learning (2021)

The process of capturing a well-composed photo is difficult and it takes years of experience to master. We propose a novel pipeline for an autonomous agent to automatically capture an aesthetic photograph by navigating within a local region in a scene. Instead of classical optimization over heuristics such as the rule-of-thirds, we adopt a data-driven aesthetics estimator to assess photo quality. A reinforcement learning framework is used to optimize the model with respect to the learned aesthetics metric. We train our model in simulation with indoor scenes, and we demonstrate that our system can capture aesthetic photos in both simulation and real world environments on a ground robot. To our knowledge, this is the first system that can automatically explore an environment to capture an aesthetic photo with respect to a learned aesthetic estimator.
Transmission measurements of pellicles for deep-UV lithography (1991)

Candidate deep-UV pellicle materials were tested for transmission stability under deep-UV exposure. Measurements were made with an exposure apparatus using a KrF excimer laser and a light pipe illuminator. Increased absorption and thickness reduction caused by deep-UV exposure were found in polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-based pellicles. The thickness of the PVB pellicles was monitored in situ, and a dark reaction was found to occur long after the deep-UV exposure is complete. Pellicles made with a second, fluoropolymer material were also tested and found to be stable up to exposures of 10000 J/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic alterations of CCND1 and EMSY in breast cancers (2008)

As hypothesized, CCND1 amplifications are associated with poor OS in ER+ patients. EMSY amplification is also associated with poor OS. However, as >70% of EMSY amplifications were CCND1 amplified, EMSY may not have any additional effect on survival of ER+ breast cancer.
A Granulosis Virus for Indian Meal Moth Control in Stored Wheat and Corn1 (1975)

Journal Article A Granulosis Virus for Indian Meal Moth Control in Stored Wheat and Corn Get access Wm. H. McGaughey Wm. H. McGaughey U. S. Grain Marketing Research Center, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 68, Issue 3, 1 June 1975, Pages 346–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/68.3.346 Published: 01 June 1975 Article history Received: 21 February 1975 Published: 01 June 1975
Laboratory Simulation of Vapor Space Corrosion in Radioactive Waste Storage Tanks (2015)

Abstract Radioactive liquid waste has been stored in underground carbon steel tanks for nearly 70 years at the Hanford nuclear facility. Vapor space corrosion of the tank walls has emerged as an ongoing challenge to overcome in maintaining the structural integrity of these tanks. The interaction between corrosive and inhibitor species in condensates/supernates on the tank wall above the liquid level, and their interaction with vapor phase constituents as the liquid evaporates from the tank wall influences the formation of corrosion products and the corrosion of the carbon steel. Ammonia inhibition of vapor space corrosion has been observed on an anecdotal basis and through limited laboratory testing. Ammonia is produced predominantly in the liquid waste through thermal and radiolytically induced reactions between organic waste components and nitrate and nitrite anions. The demonstration of corrosion inhibition by ammonia may provide a technical basis for the observed lack of propensity of corrosion in the vapor space of the waste tanks. New corrosion chemistry limits for the waste have been recommended to minimize the threat of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the carbon steel. Previous testing demonstrated that the new SCC inhibitor requirements for the waste were not sufficient for mitigation of pitting in the vapor space for the anticipated waste chemistry envelope. Coupon tests demonstrated that ammonia concentrations typically observed in the tank vapor space (i.e., between 50 and 550 ppm) are sufficient to mitigate vapor space corrosion.
Self-consistent thermal and electrical analysis of silicon carbide power DMOSFET heating and cooling (2009)

We investigate the chip heating in silicon carbide (SiC) double diffused power MOSFETs at the resolution of DMOSFET cells (typically > 30,000 cells per power chip). To achieve this, we develop unique chip and device simulators for determining the coupled electrical and thermal performance.
The use of reduced weather data in predictions of heating energy requirement in buildings (1983)

This study compares predictions of heating energy requirement for a simple construction during a heating season, using weather data of three different types. The three types are: full seasonal data recorded at hourly intervals, average daily data for each month of the heating season, and daily data averaged over the whole season. A description is given of the hybrid computer system which was used to simulate the thermal performance of the building. Various cases are taken, with a range of values of ventilation rate, glazing area, orientation and daily heating pattern. The predictions of heating energy requirement are compared. It is concluded that, for the range of cases studied, the use of the simplest weather data gives predictions of energy requirement which differ by less than 10% from those obtained using the full hourly data.
Cyclohexene and 1,4-Cyclohexadiene Hydrogenation Occur through Mutually Exclusive Intermediate Pathways on Platinum Nanoparticles (2016)

Platinum nanoparticles (NPs) capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were studied with sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy under reaction conditions during cyclohexene (CH) and 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) hydrogenation at 295 K. Despite similar vibrational features observed during reaction, CH and 1,4-CHD proceed through mutually exclusive pathways on 1.7 and 4.6 nm Pt-PVP NPs unlike Pt(111) studied previously. The intense red-shifted C–H stretch of adsorbed 1,4-CHD at 2770 cm–1 was monitored for both reactions. SFG and kinetic experiments show CH hydrogenation is active and reversible, while 1,4-CHD hydrogenation poisons the surface.
The Role of Quality Auditing in the Continuous Improvement of Quality: Lessons from Pakistani Experience (2025)

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A rare single nucleotide variant in Pm5e confers powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (2020)

Powdery mildew poses severe threats to wheat production. The most sustainable way to control this disease is through planting resistant cultivars. We report the map-based cloning of the powdery mildew resistance allele Pm5e from a Chinese wheat landrace. We applied a two-step bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) approach in developing tightly linked or co-segregating markers to Pm5e. The first BSR-Seq used phenotypically contrasting bulks of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to identify Pm5e-linked markers. The second BSR-Seq utilized bulks of genetic recombinants screened from a fine-mapping population to precisely quantify the associated genomic variation in the mapping interval, and identified the Pm5e candidate genes. The function of Pm5e was validated by transgenic assay, loss-of-function mutants and haplotype association analysis. Pm5e encodes a nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat-containing (NLR) protein. A rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant (SNV) within the C-terminal leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain is responsible for the gain of powdery mildew resistance function of Pm5e, an allele endemic to wheat landraces of Shaanxi province of China. Results from this study demonstrate the value of landraces in discovering useful genes for modern wheat breeding. The key SNV associated with powdery mildew resistance will be useful for marker-assisted selection of Pm5e in wheat breeding programs.
Involvement of superoxide and xanthine oxidase in neutrophil‐independent rat gastric damage induced by NO donors (1995)

1. Nitric oxide (NO) and the superoxide anion can interact to form the cytotoxic moiety, peroxynitrite. The involvement and potential source of superoxide in the gastric mucosal damage induced by local infusion of NO donors, has now been investigated in the pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rat. 2. Local intra-arterial infusion of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (40 micrograms kg-1 min-1) for 10 min induced macroscopically apparent gastric mucosal injury. 3. This mucosal damage was dose-dependently reduced by prior administration of a systemically acting form of superoxide dismutase conjugated with polyethylene glycol (500-2000 iu kg-1, i.v.). 4. Likewise, the mucosal damage induced by nitroprusside was dose-dependently reduced by prior administration of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (20-100 mg kg-1, i.p. or 100 mg kg-1, p.o.). 5. Pretreatment with allopurinol (100 mg kg-1, i.p.) also reduced the mucosal injury induced by local intra-arterial infusion of the nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (40 micrograms kg-1 min-1), but not that induced by local infusion of endothelin-1 (5 pmol kg-1 min-1), indicating specificity of action. 6. Prior administration (4h) of rabbit anti-rat neutrophil serum (0.4 ml kg-1, i.p.), which reduced circulating neutrophils by 90%, did not significantly protect against mucosal injury induced by nitroprusside. 7. Intravenous administration of the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists, WEB 2086 (1 mg kg-1) or BN 52021 (10 mg kg-1), or the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, OKY 15181 (25 mg kg-1), did not modify mucosal damage induced by nitroprusside, showing lack of involvement of these neutrophil-derived mediators. 8. These findings indicate the involvement of superoxide in the injurious actions of the NO donors, implicating a cytotoxic role of peroxynitrite. Xanthine oxidase, but not neutrophils, appears to be a source of the superoxide.
Assessing public perception and awareness of UK mandatory calorie labeling in the out‐of‐home sector: Using Twitter and Google trends data (2023)

This analysis revealed negative sentiment toward and increased searching of calorie labeling information during the announcement and implementation of the 2021 mandatory calorie labeling policy in England. A greater understanding of public responses to calorie labeling policies may help tailor future policies and public communication strategies.
Power plant performance management (1999)

Plant operation can be supported by continuous on-line monitoring of equipment states, enabling users to move towards predictive maintenance and to postpone inspection outages, reducing downtime and cost. On-line process monitoring and operator advisory systems support early detection of causes for sub-optimal plant operation and thus help to reduce fuel cost. Remote access to plant data makes it possible for plant owners and service providers dealing with geographically widely distributed assets to keep labor cost low by deploying specialists among multiple sites from one single location. Plant and Enterprise Management will profit from the integration of data from process-oriented systems (process control, performance monitoring, maintenance management etc.) with business systems (financial tracking, load scheduling, energy trading, etc.) and will thus be able to secure competitive advantages by quickly reacting to changing market needs based on up-to-the-minute information on, e.g. fuel cost, availability, load forecasts.
Current status of radiation resistance of dielectric mirrors in the DUV (1999)

Dielectric mirrors are key optical components in ArF excimer laser based devices for applications in DUV photolithography as well as in material processing. In all these applications different requirements of laser radiation resistance have to be met in relation to fluence, repetition rate and pulse number lifetime. Investigations have been performed into the radiation resistance of dielectric mirrors consisting of fluorides and oxides with emphasis to the properties of bending point mirrors used in beam delivery systems of wafer steppers. Problems and limitations for the improvements of the laser-induced-damage-thresholds of the coatings are discussed.
13C NMR-Based Approaches for Solving Challenging Stereochemical Problems (2019)

Determining the configuration of proton-deficient molecules is challenging using conventional NMR methods including nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and the proton-dependent J-based configuration analysis (JBCA). The problem is exacerbated when only one stereoisomer is available. Alternative methods based on the utilization of <sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shifts, <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>13</sup>C homonuclear couplings measured at natural abundance, and residual chemical shift anisotropy measurements in conjunction with density functional theory calculations are illustrated with a proton-deficient model compound.
Small and light strain sensors based on graphene coated human hairs (2015)

We report an efficient and cheap strategy to construct strain sensors by assembling reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets onto human hairs. These sensors are small, light and robust, and can be shaped into different structures such as fibre, spring and network. They can be used to detect various deformations including stretching, bending and compression with excellent repeatability and durability.
On the feasibility of decentralized derivatives markets (2018)

In this paper, we present Velocity, a decentralized market deployed on Ethereum for trading a custom type of derivative option. To enable the smart contract to work, we also implement a price fetching tool called PriceGeth. We present this as a case study, noting challenges in development of the system that might be of independent interest to whose working on smart contract implementations. We also apply recent academic results on the security of the Solidity smart contract language in validating our code's security. Finally, we discuss more generally the use of smart contracts in modelling financial derivatives.
Characterization of the Alternative Excision Repair Pathway of UV-Damaged DNA in Schizosaccharomyces Pombe (1997)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells deficient in nucleotide excision repair (NER) are still able to remove photoproducts from cellular DNA, showing that there is a second pathway for repair of UV damage in this organism. We have characterized this repair pathway by cloning and disruption of the genomic gene encoding UV damage endonuclease (UVDE). Although uvde gene disruptant cells are only mildly UV sensitive, a double disruptant of uvde and rad13 (a S. pombe mutant defective in NER) was synergistically more sensitive than either single disruptant and was unable to remove any photoproducts from cellular DNA. Analysis of the kinetics of photoproduct removal in different mutants showed that the UVDE-mediated pathway operates much more rapidly than NER. In contrast to a previous report, our genetic analysis showed that rad12 and uvde are not the same gene. Disruption of the rad2 gene encoding a structure- specific flap endonuclease makes cells UV sensitive, but much of this sensitivity is not observed if the uvde gene is also disrupted. Further genetic and immunochemical analyses suggest that DNA incised by UVDE is processed by two separate mechanisms, one dependent and one independent of flap endonuclease.
Cost-Aware Design of a Discrimination Strategy for Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup (2010)

Abstract : The objective of this project was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the potential benefit of awareness of the specific performance criterion (100% UXO detection) in each stage of the UXO discrimination processing strategy. This project consisted of several large-scale classification studies to carefully analyze the performance of different classification algorithms and the effects of training data when operating at 100% UXO detection. The various classification algorithms included in this study provide a diverse representation of the different theoretical approaches to pattern classification, and allow for comparison of the effect of different classifier properties on performance at the 100% detection operating point. This study provides evidence that the desire to operate at 100% detection may lead to a preference for certain algorithms in the different stages of the discrimination strategy. Careful consideration and selection of methods used in each stage of discrimination strategy may greatly impact performance at the 100% detection goal.