gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoesters of cyclohexane-1.beta.,3.beta.,5.beta.-triol (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoesters of cyclohexane-1.beta.,3.beta.,5.beta.-triolPeter N. Strong and John F. W. KeanaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 7, 956–957Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00895a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00895a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemicals in Diesel Exhaust Particles Generate Reactive Oxygen Radicals and Induce Apoptosis in Macrophages (1999)

There is increasing evidence that particulate air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), potentiate chronic inflammatory processes as well as acute symptomatic responses in the respiratory tract. The mechanisms of action as well as the cellular targets for DEP remain to be elucidated. We show in this paper that the phagocytosis of DEP by primary alveolar macrophages or macrophage cell lines, RAW 264.7 and THP-1, leads to the induction of apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen radicals (ROR). This oxidative stress initiates two caspase cascades and a series of cellular events, including loss of surface membrane asymmetry and DNA damage. The apoptotic effect on macrophages is cell specific, because DEP did not induce similar effects in nonphagocytic cells. DEP that had their organic constituents extracted were no longer able to induce apoptosis or generate ROR. The organic extracts were, however, able to induce apoptosis. DEP chemicals also induced the activation of stress-activated protein kinases, which play a role in cellular apoptotic pathways. The injurious effects of native particles or DEP extracts on macrophages could be reversed by the antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Taken together, these data suggest that organic compounds contained in DEP may exert acute toxic effects via the generation of ROR in macrophages.
Treatment policy of surgery in small cell carcinoma of the lung: retrospective analysis of a series of 874 consecutive patients. (1985)

A therapeutic policy of surgery in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung was evaluated in a retrospective series of 874 consecutive patients. All patients were included in one of six clinical trials of intensive combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, carried out during 1973-81. General criteria of resectability, including normal appearances at mediastinoscopy, were fulfilled in 33 electively operated patients and in 46 non-operated patients. An elective operation was defined as a thoracotomy performed with the intention of pulmonary resection in a patient known to have small cell carcinoma. Pneumonectomy or lobectomy was performed in 73% of the electively operated patients. Residual macroscopic or microscopic tumour tissue was left after half of these resections. Both operated patients and non-operated patients with operable tumours survived significantly longer than 696 patients deemed to have been inoperable. There was no significant difference, however, in the duration of survival between the two subsets of operable patients. According to this analysis, a treatment policy of surgery for resectable small cell carcinoma does not lead to better overall results than treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone.
Medication Errors (2015)

In Brief Take care with medications patients bring from home...get a better read on expiration dates...ADC selection error
Object state testing for object-oriented programs (2002)

Since class objects are the major components in object oriented (OO) programs during run time, testing the behavior of these objects become an important task in testing of object oriented programs to complement other types of testing, such as, structure testing and functional testing. To check the behavior of objects in OO programs, it is essential to check each state and each transition for every object. The paper proposes a new test model, called object state diagram, to capture and represent the dynamic behavior of objects in an OO program. The model is an extension of the existing state models, it supports basic OO features, such as class objects, inheritance, aggregation and overloading. Unlike other models, it is a concurrent, communicating state machine which has the capability of representing the object state hierarchy for a complex class object. Based on this model we address the issues and solutions to object state test strategy, test criteria and test generation.
32 & 16 Years Ago (2007)

Highlights new technologies being written about in Computer Magazine in 1975 and 1991.
The class 3 outer membrane protein (PorB) ofNeisseria meningitidis: gene sequence and homology to the gonococcal porin PIA (1991)

The class 3 protein (PorB) is an important component of the meningococcal outer membrane. The structural gene (porB) encoding the class 3 protein has been cloned using primers suitable for the amplification of the corresponding chromosomal fragment by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete nucleotide sequence was determined and predicts a mature protein of 310 amino acids, preceded by a signal peptide of 19 residues. The predicted protein sequence of the class 3 protein exhibits essential structural homology to the gonococcal porin PIA. The class 3 protein encoding gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of an inducible promoter.
Factor IX Amagasaki: a new mutation in the catalytic domain resulting in the loss of both coagulant and esterase activities (1991)

Factor IX Amagasaki (AMG) is a naturally occurring mutant of factor IX having essentially no coagulant activity, even though normal levels of antigen are detected in plasma. Factor IX AMG was purified from the patient's plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography with an anti-factor IX monoclonal antibody column. Factor IX AMG was cleaved normally by factor VIIa-tissue factor complex, yielding a two-chain factor IXa. Amino acid composition and sequence analysis of one of the tryptic peptides isolated from factor IX AMG revealed that Gly-311 had been replaced by Glu. We identified a one-base substitution of guanine to adenine in exon VIII by amplifying exon VIII using the polymerase chain reaction method and sequencing the product. This base mutation also supported the replacement of Gly-311 by Glu. In the purified system, factor IXa AMG did not activate factor X in the presence of factor VIII, phospholipids, and Ca2+, and no esterase activity toward Z-Arg-p-nitrobenzyl ester was observed. The model building of the serine protease domain of factor IXa suggests that the Gly-311----Glu exchange would disrupt the specific conformational state in the active site environment, resulting in the substrate binding site not forming properly. This is the first report to show the experimental evidence for importance of a highly conserved Gly-142 (chymotrypsinogen numbering) located in the catalytic site of mammalian serine proteases so far known.
A general theory of inhomogeneous broadening for nonlinear susceptibilities: the second hyperpolarizability (2008)

A general theory of inhomogeneous broadening is rarely applied to nonlinear spectroscopy in lieu of either a simple Lorentzian or Gaussian model. In this work, we generalize all the important third-order nonlinear susceptibility expressions obtained with sum-over state quantum calculations to include Gaussian and stretched Gaussian distributions of Lorentzians. This theory gives a better fit to subtle spectral features - such as the shoulder of the electroabsorption peak, and is a more accurate tool for determining transition moments from spectroscopy experiments.
Reader Development in the UK: An Australian Perspective (2007)

A report of a Margery C Ramsey Scholarship study tour of reader development in UK public libraries. It is concluded that reading has a much higher profile in the UK than in Australia, and that it is time for Australian public libraries to strengthen their focus on reader development and their core business of books and reading. Edited version of a paper first published in Public library journal October 2006.
Incorporation of 3H and 14C from (6 α-3H)penicillin N and (10-14C,6 α-3H) penicillin N into deacetoxycephalosporin C (1980)

1. In a cell-free system prepared by lysis of protoplasts of Cephalosporium acremonium mutant M-0198, 3H and 14C were incorporated from singly- and doubly-labelled penicillin N into deacetoxycephalosporin C. 2. The deacetoxcephalosporin C obtained from the above feeding experiments was converted into two different crystalline derivatives, namely N-phthalimidodeacetoxycephalosporin C bisbenzhydryl ester and N-phthalimidodeacetoxycephalosporin C bisdicyclohexylamine salt and recrystallized to constant specific activity or constant ratio of specific activity. 3. That 3H is incorporated at C-7 in the biosynthesized deacetoxycephalosporin C was shown by the loss of radioactivity (95.2%) after methoxylating the derived N-phthalimidodeacetoxycephalosporin C bisbenzyhydryl ester. 4. Deacetoxycephalosporin C was also the product of the cell-free reaction conducted in the presence of ferrous ions and ascorbic acid, as shown by two-dimensional paper electrophoresis-chromatography; these additives appreciably improved the efficiency of conversion.
Demonstration of enhanced broadband unidirectional electromagnetic radiation enabled by a subwavelength profile leaky anisotropic zero-index metamaterial coating (2012)

In this paper, we report a technique for creating broadband unidirectional electromagnetic radiation with a grounded nonmagnetic anisotropic zero-index metamaterial coating. We demonstrate that the leaky modes supported by the finite sized coating structure can be exploited to create a unidirectional radiation device with a subwavelength thickness of only 0.12\ensuremath{\lambda}. Numerical simulations and experimental characterization of the metamaterial-enabled radiator confirm the physical mechanisms governing its performance, showing a stable directive beam with an over fivefold radiation power enhancement at broadside. Due to the resulting nonmagnetic material properties, this approach provides a new path to highly efficient, small footprint, low profile, and broadband directive radiation devices for microwave and potentially even optical wavelength applications.
Effectiveness of Foam Earplug Hearing Protection for Artillerymen Firing L118/119 105 mm Howitzers (1989)

A field study was carried out to study the effect of firing the British L118/9 195 mm howitzer (Hamel gun) on the hearing of crewmen wearing EAR earplugs. Two guns and gun crews were placed 7 m apart, each gun firing 40 rounds during each of 2 successive days. Bekesy type audiometry was carried out before and after firing and was also used to measure the attenuation or goodness of fit of the earplugs. No significant hearing loss was measured in any of the crewmen. It was concluded that, if correctly fitted, EAR earplugs provide adequate hearing protection under these exposure conditions.
The binding of monoribosomes, oligoribosomes and polyribosomes to reticular membranes from rat liver (1978)

1. The activity of the enzyme protein disulphide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1) was used to measure the binding of ribosomal fractions to reticular membranes from the liver of unstarved male rats. 2. Membranes degranulated by treatment with KCl plus puromycin and washed by centrifugation through 0.5 M-KCl bound oligoribosomes but not monoribosomes. 3. Substitution of 0.25 M-KCl for 0.5 M-KCl in the wash solution produced membranes that bound monoribosomes and 60 S subunits in addition to oligoribosomes. 4. The binding of all classes of ribosomes to smooth and ‘lightly granulated’ rough membranes was activated by oestradiol. The hormone activation was much greater with polyribosomes from fed rats than for monoribosomes or oligoribosomes from starved rats. 5. Exposure of rough membranes to centrifugal forces caused them to undergo partial degranulation, as demonstrated by unmasking of protein disulphide-isomerase activity.
Current opinion for breast cancer screening. (2008)

유방암은 서구의 여성뿐만 아니라 한국여성에 있어서도 이제는 여성건강에 있어서 가장 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있는 질환이다. 유방암으로 인한 사망률을 감소시키기 위해서는 효과적인 선별검사를 시행하는 것이 가장 중요한 일이다. 그러나 기존의 유방암 선별검사에 대해서는 여전히 논란의 여지가 존재한다. 유방자가검사는 유방암으로 인한 사망률 감소에 대한 효과가 불확실하나, 비침습적이고 비용이 들지 않아 여전히 추천되고 있으며, 유방 질환에 대한 관심을 높이는 효과도 기대할 수 있다. 임상유방검사의 효용성에 대해서도 아직 논란의 여지가 있으나, 약 5~10%의 유방암 환자가 유방조영술에서는 정상이면서 임상유방검사에 의하여 처음으로 진단되는 경우가 있어 추천되고 있는 검사법이다. 유방암 선별검사의 가장 대표적인 검사법인 유방조영술은 40대의 여성에서는 1~2년 간격으로, 50대 이상에서는 매년 시행하는 것이 추천되고 있다. 최근에는 고위험 여성에서 유방자기공명영상의 민감도가 기존의 영상에 비하여 현저히 높다는 보고가 있어, 30세 이상의 고위험 여성에서 선별검사법으로 고려할 수 있으나, 높은 위양성도와 비용으로 인하여 평균적 위험도를 가진 여성에서는 추천되지 않는다. 유방암 선별검사를 환자에게 적용할 때에는 각각의 환자에 대한 유방암 발생 위험도 평가와 이학적 검사를 포함한 임상적 판단이 적절한 처치를 위해서는 무엇보다도 중요한 요소임을 명심해야 한다.
DCN-M: Improved Deep & Cross Network for Feature Cross Learning in Web-scale Learning to Rank Systems. (2020)

Learning effective feature crosses is the key behind building recommender systems. However, the sparse and large feature space requires exhaustive search to identify effective crosses. Deep & Cross Network (DCN) was proposed to automatically and efficiently learn bounded-degree predictive feature interactions. Unfortunately, in models that serve web-scale traffic with billions of training examples, DCN showed limited expressiveness in its cross network at learning more predictive feature interactions. Despite significant research progress made, many deep learning models in production still rely on traditional feed-forward neural networks to learn feature crosses inefficiently. 
In light of the pros/cons of DCN and existing feature interaction learning approaches, we propose an improved framework DCN-M to make DCN more practical in large-scale industrial settings. In a comprehensive experimental study with extensive hyper-parameter search and model tuning, we observed that DCN-M approaches outperform all the state-of-the-art algorithms on popular benchmark datasets. The improved DCN-M is more expressive yet remains cost efficient at feature interaction learning, especially when coupled with a mixture of low-rank architecture. DCN-M is simple, can be easily adopted as building blocks, and has delivered significant offline accuracy and online business metrics gains across many web-scale learning to rank systems.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW MODELS OF POLYSILICONS FROM INDOLES, BENZOTHIOPHENE AND BENZOFURAN (1983)

Abstract Die Silylierung der Heteroaromaten (I) mit Trimethylchlorsilan (II) und Lithium (III) führt, teilweise unter Ringöffnung, zu den Verbindungen (IV) bis (VII).
Correlation Between Average Tissue Depth Data and Quantitative Accuracy of Forensic Craniofacial Reconstructions Measured by Geometric Surface Comparison Method (2015)

Accuracy is the most important factor supporting the reliability of forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) comparing to the corresponding actual face. A number of methods have been employed to evaluate objective accuracy of FFR. Recently, it has been attempted that the degree of resemblance between computer-generated FFR and actual face is measured by geometric surface comparison method. In this study, three FFRs were produced employing live adult Korean subjects and three-dimensional computerized modeling software. The deviations of the facial surfaces between the FFR and the head scan CT of the corresponding subject were analyzed in reverse modeling software. The results were compared with those from a previous study which applied the same methodology as this study except average facial soft tissue depth dataset. Three FFRs of this study that applied updated dataset demonstrated lesser deviation errors between the facial surfaces of the FFR and corresponding subject than those from the previous study. The results proposed that appropriate average tissue depth data are important to increase quantitative accuracy of FFR.
An Alternative Technique for Imaging Registration in IVUS Images (2015)

Image registration technique has played a major role due to the use of data from different medical imaging modalities in which your main goal is to find anatomical and/or functional matches in two or more images. SIFT algorithm was used to extract a set of descriptors in IVUS images of two different pullbacks and to determine the number of common features between each pair of images. Similarity map was created to establish correspondences between two PCI images. Our method, with saltatory condition, was proved be a good choice in the experiments and in the real case, showing great stability in the establishment of correspondences and reducing overall time used for the diagnosis and/or monitor the development of coronary heart disease.
The Effect of a Wall Boundary Layer on Local Mass Transfer From a Cylinder in Crossflow (1984)

A naphthalene sublimation technique is used to determine the circumferential and longitudinal variations of mass transfer from a smooth circular cylinder in a crossflow of air. The effect of the three-dimensional secondary flows near the wall-attached ends of a cylinder is discussed. For a cylinder Reynolds number of 19000, local enhancement of the mass transfer over values in the center of the tunnel are observed up to a distance of 3.5 cylinder diameters from the tunnel wall. In a narrow span extending from the tunnel wall to about 0.066 cylinder diameters above it (about 0.75 of the mainstream boundary layer displacement thickness), increases of 90 to 700 percent over the two-dimensional flow mass transfer are measured on the front portion of the cylinder. Farther from the wall, local increases of up to 38 percent over the two-dimensional values are measured. In this region, increases of mass transfer in the rear portion of the cylinder, downstream of separation, are, in general, larger and cover a greater span than the increases in the front portion of the cylinder.
Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management (2016)

Assessment of sarcopenia in individuals with risk factors, symptoms and/or conditions exposing them to the risk of disability will become particularly important in the near future.
Hydrothermal synthesis of organic-inorganic hybridized cubic nanoassemblies comprising octahedral CeO(2) nanocrystals and hexanedioic acid (2011)

Hydrothermal synthesis of organic-inorganic hybridized cubic nanoassemblies comprising octahedral CeO(2) nanocrystals and hexanedioic acid
Base-acid catalyzed resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels (2013)

Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels were synthesized via a newly developed two-step method. This synthesis combines the base and acid catalyzed routes of the polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde, which are well known in single application. For the first step a standard RF-recipe was used with the molar ratio of resorcinol to water (R/W) of 0.04 and of resorcinol to formaldehyde (R/F) of 0.7. In the base catalyzed step sodium carbonate as the catalyst was used and the molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst (R/C) was varied between 10 and 1500. After a certain time while the RF solution gels, 1 M citric acid was added to initiate the acid catalyzed step. By adding citric acid to the base catalyzed solution, the gels formed could be dried under ambient conditions without large shrinkage. Indeed, in the base catalyzed one-step route with R/C ratios &lt; 1000, heavy shrinkage is observed about more than 50 vol%. Small RF-particles construct the three-dimensional gel structure and therefore the particle chains do not withstand the capillary forces during the drying leading to high shrinkage. With the new method we still obtain small particles, but with an additional coating of a thin layer of RF in the acid catalyzed step. This causes a reinforcing effect allowing the subcritical drying. However, this effect depends on the time of changing the catalyst after starting the polymerization. Aerogels prepared by the new two-step route were characterized by density, thermal conductivity and specific surface and the structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
Soft Sensing in Deep Wells Within Artificial Gas Lift Technology (2015)

Abstract Artificial gas lift technology is used in the oil industry to enhance oil recovery. Controlling this process is considered as a vital task by many researchers in the field. Solution of this problem would improve process performance and stabilize system operation. However, most of the control methodologies found in the literature and oil-field practice use only such process variables as on-surface flow and pressure measurements. The proposed approach offers soft sensing of process variables in the well that are unavailable for measurement due to technical constraints. For instance, measuring the flow rate of gas or liquid at the depth of a few kilometres would be unfeasible, given that the existing instruments cannot endure huge pressures and high temperatures at this depth. The proposed methodology provides soft sensing of these variables by utilizing a sliding mode observer (state estimator). Sliding mode observers are widely used for acquiring good estimates of unmeasured process variables in a dynamical system. This proposed soft sensing is primarily intended for control purpose. For that reason the estimator must provide computational efficiency with acceptable rate of accuracy, since the observer must be working in real-time to be a part of the control system. By linearizing the nonlinear model of the artificial gas lift dynamics, we reduce the complexity of implementation to simple arithmetic operations that must be realized within an estimator. In this case, computational efficiency of these operations would be higher than that involving solution of complex functions and algebraic equations that are involved with the nonlinear model of the gas lift. Therefore, the proposed linear estimator is simple, higly efficient in term of computation, and it satisfies the requirement for real-time operation. We developed a simple version of sliding mode observer through linearization principle applied in a number of points. The highly nonlinear gas lift system was linearized at different points which were selected as corresponding to different opening of the valve. This method is applicable for this scenario as the linearization of the model is valid around each point. Incorporating multiple sliding mode observers was achieved by utilizing the interpolation principle. This novel approach was tested with the nonlinear gas lift model and simulation results was obtained for 10-point and 20-point observers. The resulting estimates tracks the actual values with insignificant error. By checking the percentage error of our estimates, we conclude that the designed observer provides good and reliable results. This would permit further enhancements in the gas lift technology with less cost, by utilizing these estimates to control the nonlinear process using some advanced control techniques such as model predictive control.