gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hall effect in semiconducting epitaxial and amorphous Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films (1997)

An experimental study of the Hall effect in nonmetallic Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films is reported. Both epitaxial crystalline YBa2Cu3O6+x (x⩽0.5) and multiphase/amorphous Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films were studied. The structure of the samples was measured by x-ray diffraction and Raman microprobe. The amorphous Y-Ba-Cu-O samples were found to have a grain size of about 100 Å. The conduction properties were studied and analyzed for the two types of samples over a wide temperature range including room temperature. The Hall effect measurements showed positive charge carriers with a concentration ranging from 1017 to 1020 cm−3 at room temperature. The mobility was found to decrease with higher Hall carrier concentration. The empirical relationship for the mobility dependence on impurity concentration agreed with the relationship between mobility and the experimental Hall carrier concentration, suggesting that the same localized states were responsible for both providing the carriers and reducing the mobility through scattering. It was also observed that the mobility values for both amorphous and crystalline samples followed the same empirical curve, a result which showed that the conduction mechanisms in the epitaxial (tetragonal) and amorphous Y-Ba-Cu-O materials are very likely to be similar despite the differences in the composition and structure of the films. The similarity is consistent with other work that concludes that the conduction mechanism occurs along the copper oxide planes. Our work implies that the conduction mechanism operates over a short range, less than the 100 Å grain size of the amorphous, such that the lack of order in the amorphous samples was essentially irrelevant to the charge transport.
Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion by MS/HS Fusion Net (2019)

Hyperspectral imaging can help better understand the characteristics of different materials, compared with traditional image systems. However, only high-resolution multispectral (HrMS) and low-resolution hyperspectral (LrHS) images can generally be captured at video rate in practice. In this paper, we propose a model-based deep learning approach for merging an HrMS and LrHS images to generate a high-resolution hyperspectral (HrHS) image. In specific, we construct a novel MS/HS fusion model which takes the observation models of low-resolution images and the low-rankness knowledge along the spectral mode of HrHS image into consideration. Then we design an iterative algorithm to solve the model by exploiting the proximal gradient method. And then, by unfolding the designed algorithm, we construct a deep network, called MS/HS Fusion Net, with learning the proximal operators and model parameters by convolutional neural networks. Experimental results on simulated and real data substantiate the superiority of our method both visually and quantitatively as compared with state-of-the-art methods along this line of research.
Influence of additives on the crystal structure and melting behavior of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) (2003)

Abstract The influence of additives on the crystal modification and melting behavior of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) was investigated with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of a nucleating promoter, Ceraflour 993, had no effect on the crystal modification and melting behavior of PEN crystallized under all chosen experimental conditions. However, the addition of a nucleating agent, sodium benzoate (SB), did affect the crystal modification and melting behavior of PEN when PEN/SB was crystallized at a higher temperature, but not at a lower temperature. A mixture of α and β modifications of PEN was obtained, and an overlapped dual melting peak was observed in DSC curves when PEN was crystallized at a higher temperature in the presence of SB, instead of a single crystal form and a single melting peak for the crystallization of pure PEN. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 296–301, 2004
Predictions of Genetic Circuit Behaviors Based on Modular Composition in Transiently Transfected Mammalian Cells (2018)

Transient transfection of cells can be highly stochastic, resulting in large variations in plasmid counts across a population. The resulting dynamics of the cells can then also be highly variable, so predicting the behaviors of transfected circuits can be a major challenge. In this work, we provide a precise definition of genetic modules, from which we then develop a method of composition that allows model-based design of circuits in transiently transfected mammalian cells. For validation, we apply our method to cascades consisting of two regulatory switches. Predictions of the mathematical models compare well with the experimental data. Our findings suggest reducing batch effects and selecting a proper model both contribute to improving model predictions.
The Insecticide Synergist Piperonyl Butoxide Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling: Assessing Chemical Risks (2012)

The spread of chemicals, including insecticides, into the environment often raises public health concerns, as exemplified by a recent epidemiologic study associating in utero piperonyl butoxide (PBO) exposure with delayed mental development. The insecticide synergist PBO is listed among the top 10 chemicals detected in indoor dust; a systematic assessment of risks from PBO exposure, as for many toxicants unfortunately, may be underdeveloped when important biological targets that can cause toxicity are unknown. Hedgehog/Smoothened signaling is critical in neurological development. This study was designed to use novel high-throughput in vitro drug screening technology to identify modulators of Hedgehog signaling in environmental chemicals to assist the assessment of their potential risks. A directed library of 1408 environmental toxicants was screened for Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist activity using a high-content assay that evaluated the interaction between Smoothened and βarrestin2 green fluorescent protein. PBO was identified as a Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist capable of inhibiting Hedgehog signaling. We found that PBO bound Smoothened and blocked Smoothened overexpression-induced Gli-luciferase reporter activity but had no effect on Gli-1 downstream transcriptional factor-induced Gli activity. PBO inhibited Sonic Hedgehog ligand-induced Gli signaling and mouse cerebellar granular precursor cell proliferation. Moreover, PBO disrupted zebrafish development. Our findings demonstrate the value of high-throughput target-based screening strategies that can successfully evaluate large numbers of environmental toxicants and identify key targets and unknown biological activity that is helpful in properly assessing potential risks.
Seltene Ursache eines intrauterinen Fruchttod bei kongenitaler akuter Megakaryoblastischer Leukämie (2015)

Das Ziel im folgendem Fall ist die Beschreibung eines intrauterinen Fruchttodes im Zusammenhang mit einer seltenen kongenitalen Leukämie.
Diamond-based Sensing by Optically Trapped Nanodiamonds in Single Cells (2023)

We demonstrate optical trapping of nanodiamond particles inside single THP-1 cells as well as T 1 relaxometry for such internalized nanodiamonds containing NV centers.
Development of perampanel in epilepsy (2013)

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors play a key role in mediating glutamatergic transmission in the cortex. Perampanel (2-[2-oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl] benzonitrile) is a potent, orally active, highly selective, non-competitive AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonist, identified via a focused discovery program at Eisai Research Laboratories. Development of perampanel as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures was planned in keeping with regulatory guidance and guidelines on antiepileptic drug (AED) development. This is the first AED with a specific action on glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission to show evidence of efficacy and tolerability in reducing treatment-refractory partial-onset seizures in Phase III clinical trials. Perampanel (Fycompa(®)) has been approved in the EU and the United States for adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures.
Analysis of Entropy Estimator of True Random Number Generation Using Beta Source (2019)

In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of intrinsic random numbers based on beta source. SP 800-22 and SP800-90B of NIST in the United States are the standards used to evaluate the stability of intrinsic random numbers. Recently, SP 800-90B was revised to Second Draft, and it was detected and evaluated the characteristic which is the period of the minimum entropy estimation of non-IID track. The detected data was analyzed using SP800-22 standard of statistical analysis Respectively. The data of the beta source is obtained by using a beta source, amplifying the signal using an analog amplifier, converting it into a digital signal, and extracting random numbers from the Labview environment. The data was tested to see if it conforms to the standard in a Python environment. The test results show that it is a true random number based on beta source.
Brown Algae Carbohydrates: Structures, Pharmaceutical Properties, and Research Challenges (2021)

Brown algae (<i>Phaeophyceae</i>) have been consumed by humans for hundreds of years. Current studies have shown that brown algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds with excellent nutritional value, and are considered functional foods with health benefits. Polysaccharides are the main constituents of brown algae; their diverse structures allow many unique physical and chemical properties that help to moderate a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antibacterial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. In this review, we focus on the major polysaccharide components in brown algae: the alginate, laminarin, and fucoidan. We explore how their structure leads to their health benefits, and their application prospects in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, we summarize the latest developments in applied research on brown algae polysaccharides.
Trypanosoma brucei (UMP synthase null mutants) are avirulent in mice, but recover virulence upon prolonged culture in vitro while retaining pyrimidine auxotrophy (2013)

African trypanosomes are capable of both de novo synthesis and salvage of pyrimidines. The last two steps in de novo synthesis are catalysed by UMP synthase (UMPS) - a bifunctional enzyme comprising orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC). To investigate the essentiality of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma brucei, we generated a umps double knockout (DKO) line by gene replacement. The DKO was unable to grow in pyrimidine-depleted medium in vitro, unless supplemented with uracil, uridine, deoxyuridine or UMP. DKO parasites were completely resistant to 5-fluoroorotate and hypersensitive to 5-fluorouracil, consistent with loss of UMPS, but remained sensitive to pyrazofurin indicating that, unlike mammalian cells, the primary target of pyrazofurin is not OMPDC. The null mutant was unable to infect mice indicating that salvage of host pyrimidines is insufficient to support growth. However, following prolonged culture in vitro, parasites regained virulence in mice despite retaining pyrimidine auxotrophy. Unlike the wild-type, both pyrimidine auxotrophs secreted substantial quantities of orotate, significantly higher in the virulent DKO line. We propose that this may be responsible for the recovery of virulence in mice, due to host metabolism converting orotate to uridine, thereby bypassing the loss of UMPS in the parasite.
Branqueamento de polpa celulósica kraft de eucalipto com peróxido ácido ativado por molibdênio (2009)

Optimum conditions to run the P Mo stage for bleaching eucalyptus kraft pulp were 90 oC, pH 3.5, 2 h, 0.1 kg/t Mo and 5 kg/t H 2 O 2 . The P Mo stage efficiency increased with decreasing pH (1.5-5.5) and increasing temperature (75-90 °C), time (2-4 h), and hydrogen peroxide (3-10 kg/t) and molybdenum concentration (0.1-0.4 kg/t). The implementation of the P Mo stage, as replacement for the A stage, decreased total active chlorine demand of the OAZDP sequence by 6 kg/t to reach 90% ISO, both in laboratory and mill scale. Such practice resulted in decreased bleaching chemical costs to produce fully bleached pulp of 90% ISO.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for the Characterization and Monitoring of Primary Cultures from Human Tumors (2023)

Genetic and drug sensitivity assays on primary cultures are not only of basic but also of translational interest and could eventually aid oncologists in the selection of treatments. However, cancer cells need to be identified and differentiated from the non-tumor cells always present in primary cultures. Also, successive passages can change the proportions of these two subpopulations. In this study, we propose fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on cell smears to determine the presence of tumor cells in primary cultures obtained from patients carrying translocations or copy number gains. FISH proved to be an easy, fast, economic, and reliable method of characterizing cell populations, which could be used repeatedly at different passages to monitor variations and to confirm the maintenance of translocations and copy number gains throughout the culture process.
Automatic partitioning for efficient combinational verification (2002)

A majority of the state-of-the-art combinational verification techniques are based on the extraction and use of internal equivalences between two circuits. Verification can become difficult if the two circuits have none or very few internal correspondences. In this paper we investigate automatic circuit partitioning as a methodology to make otherwise intractable circuits relatively tractable to the verifier. We show that given any two circuits to be verified, finding the best partitions that minimize the verification runtime is NP-hard. Therefore, we propose efficient heuristics to utilize certain characteristics of typical circuit design styles to find good partitions for the circuits. A key difference between our approach and earlier approaches to circuit partitioning is that ours is fully automated and does not require any prior knowledge of the type of function being implemented by the circuit. Using circuit partitioning we are able to verify several hard industrial circuits that could not be verified otherwise.
[2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of 3-Sulfinyl Dihydropyrans: Application to the Syntheses of the Cores ofent-Dysiherbaine and Deoxymalayamicin A (2008)

The [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a variety of configurationally stable diastereomeric allylic sulfinyl dihydropyrans, produced by base-promoted cyclization of sulfinyl dienols, has been studied. In some cases, the efficient transformation of these substrates into dihydropyranols required an in-depth study of reaction conditions, with the preferred protocol relying on the use of DABCO in warm toluene. This methodology has been applied to the syntheses of the cores of ent-dysiherbaine and deoxymalayamicin A by means of efficient tethered aminohydroxylations.
Comparison of Strategies for Signaling of Scheduling Assignments in Wireless OFDMA (2010)

This paper considers the transmission of scheduling information in orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA)-based cellular communication systems such as the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE). These systems provide efficient usage of radio resources by allowing users to be dynamically scheduled in both frequency and time. This requires considerable amounts of scheduling information to be sent to the users. This paper compares two basic transmission strategies: transmitting a separate scheduling message to each user versus broadcasting a joint scheduling message to all users. Different scheduling granularities are considered, as are different scheduling algorithms. The schemes are evaluated in the context of the LTE downlink using multiuser system simulations, assuming a full-buffer situation. The results show that separate transmission of the scheduling information requires a slightly lower overhead than joint broadcasting when proportional fair scheduling is employed and the users are spread out over the cell area. The results also indicate that the scheduling granularity standardized for LTE provides a good tradeoff between scheduling granularity and overhead.
The Rac Inhibitor EHop-016 Inhibits Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis in a Nude Mouse Model (2014)

Metastatic disease still lacks effective treatments, and remains the primary cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop better strategies to inhibit metastatic cancer. The Rho family GTPase Rac is an ideal target for anti-metastatic cancer therapy, because Rac is a key molecular switch that is activated by a myriad of cell surface receptors to promote cancer cell migration/invasion and survival. Previously, we reported the design and development of EHop-016, a small molecule compound, which inhibits Rac activity of metastatic cancer cells with an IC50 of 1 μM. EHop-016 also inhibits the activity of the Rac downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK), lamellipodia extension, and cell migration in metastatic cancer cells. Herein, we tested the efficacy of EHop-016 in a nude mouse model of experimental metastasis, where EHop-016 administration at 25 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly reduced mammary fat pad tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. As quantified by UPLC MS/MS, EHop-016 was detectable in the plasma of nude mice at 17 to 23 ng/ml levels at 12 h following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 10 to 25 mg/kg BW EHop-016. The EHop-016 mediated inhibition of angiogenesis In Vivo was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of excised tumors and by In Vitro tube formation assays of endothelial cells. Moreover, EHop-016 affected cell viability by down-regulating Akt and Jun kinase activities and c-Myc and Cyclin D expression, as well as increasing caspase 3/7 activities in metastatic cancer cells. In conclusion, EHop-016 has potential as an anticancer compound to block cancer progression via multiple Rac-directed mechanisms.
Femtosecond pulses at 800 nm by passive mode locking of Rhodamine 700 (1990)

We report the passive mode locking of a Rhodamine 700 dye laser in the near infrared. Using a short cavity in order to avoid multiple pulses and by adjusting the intracavity dispersion, we have produced 50-fsec pulses at 800 nm with HITCI as the saturable absorber.
EMG sliding mode finger joint synergy control of a dexterous artificial hand (2012)

From observation of human data, a set of sinusoidal trajectories were developed to mimic the human motion of unscrewing a bottle cap with the thumb and index finger. These trajectories were then implemented on a dexterous robotic hand in the form of a robustly stable sliding mode control algorithm. With the developed synergies, a single myoelectric input was used to control multiple finger joints simultaneously. This controller was then compared to a one degree of freedom prosthetic hand also under sliding mode control. The two hands were used to complete an unscrewing task as quickly as possible. The synergy controller produced a statistically significant reduction in task completion time and also reduced the required workspace.
Length changes of the hamstrings and adductors resulting from derotational osteotomies of the femur (1999)

Derotational osteotomies of the femur are frequently performed to treat persons with cerebral palsy who walk with excessive internal rotation of the hip. However, whether these procedures stretch or slacken the surrounding muscles appreciably is unknown. Determination of how muscle lengths are altered by derotational osteotomies is difficult because the length changes depend not only on the osteotomy site and the degree of derotation, but also on the anteversion angle of the femur and the rotational position of the hip. We have developed a three-dimensional computer simulation of derotational osteotomies, tested by anatomical experiments, to examine how femoral anteversion, hip internal rotation, and derotation affect the lengths of the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris long head, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis muscles. Simulation of derotational osteotomies at the intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, or supracondylar levels decreased the origin-to-insertion lengths of the hamstrings and gracilis in our model by less than 8 mm (1.8%). Hence, the lengths of the hamstrings and gracilis are not likely to be altered substantially by these procedures. The origin-to-insertion lengths of the adductor longus and adductor brevis decreased less than 4 mm (1.9%) with subtrochanteric correction in our model, but the length of adductor brevis increased 8 mm (6.3%) with 60 degrees of intertrochanteric derotation. These muscles are also unlikely to be affected by derotational osteotomies, unless a large degree of intertrochanteric derotation is performed.
Self-compression of femtosecond light pulses in media with a quadratic nonlinearity under conditions of a group velocity mismatch (1988)

A numerical modeling study is made of parametric self-compression of femtosecond light pulses in media with a quadratic nonlinearity subject to an allowance for the mismatch between the group velocities of pulses. The conditions for experimental observation of self-compression in nonlinear crystals used in practical devices are identified.
Spatial distribution of copper in relation to recreational boating in a California shallow-water basin (2009)

The overall effect of the number of boats on the copper (Cu) levels in the water column and sediment, along with their spatial variability within Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), San Diego Bay, California was examined. We identified a horizontal gradient of increasing dissolved Cu and Cu in sediment from outside to the head of SIYB which was coincident with the increasing number of boats. Spatial models of Cu distribution in water and sediment indicated the presence of ‘hotspots’ of Cu concentration. From outside to the head of SIYB, dissolved Cu ranged from 1.3 μ g L−1 to 14.6 μ g L−1 in surface water, and 2.0 μ g L−1 to 10.2 μ g L−1 in bottom water. Cu in sediment exceeded the Effect Range Low of 34 mg kg−1 (i.e. where adverse effects to fauna may occur), with a peak concentration of 442 mg kg−1 at the head of the basin. Free Cu++ in surface water was several orders of magnitude higher than in sediment porewater. High-resolution data of Cu species together with probability maps presented in this paper will allow managers to easily visualise and localise areas of impaired quality and to prioritise which areas should be targeted to improve Cu-related conditions.
Accurate modeling of capacitive, resistive and inductive effects of interconnect (2002)

Besides reviewing the numerical techniques in computing resistance, inductance, and capacitance, this paper addresses the challenges to accurately model the deep-submicron on-chip interconnects. Deriving regression equations from numerous runs of Poisson field solvers, one can easily transfer the accuracy of physical simulation to the rule-based full-chip layout parasitic extractors. Such methodology, which was implemented in the program Raphael, can be extended to the PCB and other package applications, and help create rules for place-and-route.