gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation characteristics of picosecond electrical transients on coplanar striplines (1987)

Using a cryogenic electro-optic sampling technique, we have studied the transient propagation characteristics of superconducting and normal indium lines in the picosecond regime. Transient dispersion effects, including increased rise time and increased pulse width, the introduction of ringing on the waveform, and a novel ‘‘pulse sharpening’’ were observed. A model that takes into consideration the effects of modal dispersion and superconducting complex conductivity was established, and an algorithm was developed that accurately describes all of the experimental findings.
The Impact Of Active Learning And Social Relevance On Product Design And Manufacturing Courses (2020)

This paper presents the research work of a NSF CCLI project for analyzing the impact of medical device-related active learning pedagogies in two courses within the engineering curriculum: New Product Development and Manufacturing Processes. The main focus of the study is on the impact of these approaches on students' engagement and conceptual understanding of course material. A project-based learning (PBL) approach was incorporated into both courses through real medical device projects to provide students with hands-on experiences on the challenges of medical device design and development. The courses were enhanced to provide a combination of lectures on theoretical concepts and hands-on sessions focused on the medical device project to help students through the learning process and the realization of their projects. Project assessment included the expert opinion of local industry practitioners who interacted directly with the students. Analysis of the results of this approach is presented. This paper focuses on preliminary results relevant to the New Product Development course.
Traceroute-Based Topology Inference without Network Coordinate Estimation (2008)

Underlay topology information is important to construct efficient overlay networks. To achieve end-to-end network topology inference among a group of hosts, traceroute-like tools are often used. Previously, Max-Delta has been proposed to infer a highly accurate topology with a low number of traceroutes. However, Max-Delta relies on external tools to estimate host coordinates, which incur considerable deployment overhead. In this paper, we consider novel inference schemes with no coordinate estimation. One choice is to select long paths to traceroute. That is, based on existing traceroute results, each host can estimate the distance between another host and itself. It can then select the host with the largest distance between them as the traceroute target. We call this scheme Longest-Path-First (LPF). Similarly, we can define Shortest-Path-First (SPF) inference. The intuition may indicate that LPF performs better than SPF, as longer paths often contain more underlay links and routers, and hence more undiscovered links or routers. However, our simulation results on Internet-like topologies show that SPF can achieve comparable performance with Max-Delta, while LPF performs even worse than a random inference scheme. To explain the results, we analyze the statistics of all-pairs paths between hosts. Our results show that long paths have serious overlaps on underlay links, showing much higher path stress than short paths. We also find that there exist quite a few links only appearing in short paths and seldom appearing in long paths. Therefore, with the same number of traceroutes, SPF can discover more underlay links and routers than LPF. Furthermore, as SPF prefers short paths, a traceroute in SPF sends less probing packets and consumes less network resource than that in LPF. Therefore, SPF is a highly efficient inference scheme with low deployment overhead and low measurement overhead.
Technical Strategies Reduction Malarplasty Using Sliding Setback Osteotomy (1998)

A prominent malar complex results in a triangular facial shape. When combined with a prominent mandibular angle, the face appear to be aggressive and masculine. Surgical procedures to correct these features are commonly requested by Asian women. Baek introduced reduction malarplasty by under-positioning of the "osteotomized" zygoma. We modified Baek's procedure by sliding the osteotomized zygoma superoposteriorly. The posterior surface is not separated from the soft tissue to preserve the blood supply to the zygoma. Ten patients with prominent zygomas underwent reduction malarplasty from March 1994 through July 1996. Seven patients were female and 3 patients were male. All patients were satisfied with their results. A symmetrical appearance was achieved in all patients. This method provides for precise malar reduction under good exposure. Symmetry of the zygoma is easily achieved. There is no effect on the survival of the malar bone after the procedure because the osteotomized zygoma has its own blood supply on the posterior surface. The masseteric origin is preserved, which ensures minimal cheek drooping after reduction.
Microfluidics for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia patients using circulating leukemic cells selected from blood (2020)

Microfluidic assay for the selection of circulating leukemic cells from peripheral blood for the early detection of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia patients.
High-energy ion projection for deep ion implantation as a low cost high throughput alternative for subsequent epitaxy processes (2004)

Three-dimensional (3D) doping into depths up to 40 μm is of great interest for numerous device types. In particular, the production of high-power devices requires low cost vertically structured doping. State of the art epitaxial growth combined with diffusion and/or low-energy ion implantation is time consuming and cost intensive. We suggest 3D structured high-energy ion projection implantation as a simple cost effective and reliable alternative. This method allows controlled fast doping with high homogeneity and reproducibility. This article outlines some details of a feasibility study of the technique and discusses advantages and problems.
Chemical constituent, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of crude extract and oil fraction of L. abyssinica (2014)

The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of CH3Cl/MeOH crude extract and a nonpolar fraction from the CHCl 3 phase of Ludwigia abyssinica were investigated using broth dilution method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay respectively. Chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system-Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL EI/CI MSD. Bioassays show that L. abyssinica is active on the different test organisms with the MIC ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml for the crude extract and 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml for the non polar oil fraction. The oil extract of L. abyssinica exhibited a good antioxidant activity with radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) = 89.18 µg/ml which is about 1.5 times the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid used as control, while that of crude extract was 413.74 µg/ml. From the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses, 12 hydrocarbons were identified with octadecane (5.67%), pentadecane (6.87%) and squalene (57.18%) the major components. These results offer a plat form of using L. abyssinica for alternative and complementary medicine.
Fiber optic thermometer using Cr-doped GdAlO3broadband emission decay (2015)

Luminescence decay temperature measurements are performed from 800 to 1200 °C using a Cr-doped GdAlO3 (Cr:GdAlO3) sensor tip on a YAG single crystal fiber. As a thermographic phosphor, Cr:GdAlO3 combines the intense luminescence of transition metal dopants with the high temperature long decay times usually exhibited only by rare earth dopants. The proposed mechanism is emission by the Cr3+ dopant via the spin-allowed 4T2 → 4A2 transition supported by a reservoir state in 2E which populates (2E → ) through thermal equilibration. The relative energy levels and transition probabilities associated with the strong crystal field at the Al3+ site in the perovskite structure of GdAlO3 are favorable for suppressing thermal quenching of luminescence. Results from a single-fiber configuration sensor, based on a YAG fiber for its low background luminescence, are presented. Using a decay curve fitting procedure that accounts for background fluorescence, accuracies of better than ±5 °C are demonstrated.
Organic acids and the uremic syndrome: protein metabolite hypothesis in the progression of chronic renal failure. (1996)

A number of organic acids including phenols are accumulated in plasma of uremic patients because of reduced renal clearance. Some of them account for uremic problems such as reduced drug binding. Protein-bound organic acids such as hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), are markedly accumulated in uremic plasma, and produce defective protein binding of drugs. CMPF is tightly bound to serum albumin, and thus cannot be removed by conventional hemodialysis, but continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and protein-leaking hemodialysis can remove CMPF, leading to lower serum levels. Based on the findings that indoxyl sulfate stimulates the progression of chronic renal failure in rats, and that low-protein diet or oral sorbent exert protective effects on the progression of chronic renal failure and reduce the serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate, the author proposes a protein metabolite hypothesis that endogenous protein metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate play a significant role in the progression of chronic renal failure.
Ponderomotive Acceleration by Relativistic Waves (2014)

In the extreme high intensity regime of electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma, the acceleration process is found to be dominated by the ponderomotive acceleration (PA). While the wakefields driven by the ponderomotive force of the relativistic intensity EM waves are important, they may be overtaken by the PA itself in the extreme high intensity regime when the dimensionless vector potential $a_0$ of the EM waves far exceeds unity. The energy gain by this regime (in 1D) is shown to be (approximately) proportional to $a_0^2$. Before reaching this extreme regime, the coexistence of the PA and the wakefield acceleration (WA) is observed where the wave structures driven by the wakefields show the phenomenon of multiple and folded wave-breakings. Investigated are various signatures of the acceleration processes such as the dependence on the mass ratio for the energy gain as well as the energy spectral features. The relevance to high energy cosmic ray acceleration and to the relativistic laser acceleration is considered.
Effect of changes in lung volume on acoustic transmission through the human respiratory system (2001)

The variation of acoustic attenuation with lung density was determined in experimental studies on seven healthy human volunteers, using a change of lung volume as a means of varying lung density. White noise between 50 and 680 Hz was introduced into the mouth and the transmitted signals were recorded with four microphones on the posterior chest wall (left/right, top/base) at 24, 40, 60 and 80% of total lung capacity. The change in lung volume had a frequency-dependent effect on acoustic attenuation in all subjects. A frequency between 177 and 243 Hz was identified, where altering the lung volume between 24 and 80% of total lung capacity induced a change in attenuation of only 1.0 (+/-0.5) to 2.7 (+/-1.8) dB, while at a frequency of 364-436 Hz marked variations in attenuation 8.9 (+/-2.0) to 21.5 (+/-4.8) dB occurred with similar lung volume changes.
Diagnostics for real-time plasma control in PBX-M (1995)

An important issue for future tokamaks is real-time plasma control for the avoidance of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and other applications that require detailed plasma profile and fluctuation data. Although measurements from diagnostics providing this information require significantly more processing than magnetic flux data, recent advancements could make them practical for adjusting operational settings for plasma heating and current drive systems as well as field coil currents. On the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modification (PBX-M), the lower hybrid current drive phasing can be varied during a plasma shot using digitally programmable ferrite phase shifters, and neural beam functions can be fully computer controlled. PBX-M diagnostics that may be used for control purposes include motional Stark-effect polarimetry for magnetic field pitch angle profiles, soft x-ray arrays for plasma position control and the separation of βp from li, hard x-ray detectors for energetic electron distributions, a multichannel electron cyclotron emission radiometer for ballooning mode identification, and passive plate eddy current monitors for kink stabilization. We will describe the present status of these systems on PBX-M, and discuss their suitability for feedback applications.
Demonstration of the Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram: An Empiric Prescribing Decision Aid (2012)

Novel approaches to data compilation and display can overcome limitations to the utility of the traditional antibiogram in helping providers choose empiric antibiotics.
Learn More, Sample Less: Control of Volume and Variance in Network Measurement (2005)

This paper deals with sampling objects from a large stream. Each object possesses a size, and the aim is to be able to estimate the total size of an arbitrary subset of objects whose composition is not known at the time of sampling. This problem is motivated from network measurements in which the objects are flow records exported by routers and the sizes are the number of packet or bytes reported in the record. Subsets of interest could be flows from a certain customer or flows from a worm attack. This paper introduces threshold sampling as a sampling scheme that optimally controls the expected volume of samples and the variance of estimators over any classification of flows. It provides algorithms for dynamic control of sample volumes and evaluates them on flow data gathered from a commercial Internet Protocol (IP) network. The algorithms are simple to implement and robust to variation in network conditions. The work reported here has been applied in the measurement infrastructure of the commercial IP network. To not have employed sampling would have entailed an order of magnitude greater capital expenditure to accommodate the measurement traffic and its processing.
Development of a New Fluorescence Method for the Detection of Beryllium on Surfaces (2005)

Abstract A rapid, quantitative, sensitive test for the detection of beryllium on surfaces has been developed. The method is based on the fluorescence of beryllium bound to sulfonated hydroxybenzoquinoline at pH 12.8, which emits at 475 nm when excited at 380 nm and includes a novel dissolution technique. The intensity of fluorescence is linear with respect to beryllium concentration. A detection limit of 0.02 µg Be/100 cm2 has been achieved, which is ten times lower than the DOE recommended working limit for non-beryllium work areas [1]. Interference studies have been carried out with a variety of metals including Al, Fe, Pb, U, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ca, W, Ni, Co, and Cu with minimal or no interferences found for detection of Be at 100 nM in the presence 0.4 mM of the other metal. The method has proven successful under various operating conditions, including the detection of beryllium on a variety of surfaces both in laboratory settings and in field trials. It fulfills the requirements for a fast, inexpensive, field deployable method of detection of beryllium on surfaces.
Influence of Damage Depth Profile on the Characteristics of Shallow p+/n Implanted Junctions (1986)

Shallow p+/n junctions are produced by 10 keV boron implantation into self-ion preamorphized silicon and furnace annealing in the temperature range 600 to 1000 °C for 30 min. The electrical characteristics of the junction improve with increasing temperature, the strongest reverse current density IR decrease occurring between 700 and 800 °C. This diode behaviour is correlated with the profiles of the residual lattice strain, determined by double crystal X-ray diffraction on samples implanted with silicon ions. It is shown that interstitial clusters, characterizing the tail of implantation damage and surviving for T ≦ 700 °C, are much more effective on IR than the commonly observed dislocation loops. The disappearance of the clusters at 800 °C is closely related to the sharp drop in IR at the same temperature. On the contrary, the dislocation loops, responsible for the lattice strain observed up to 900 °C, have a moderate influence on IR and only when located in the space charge region. Flache p+/n-Übergänge werden durch 10 keV-Borimplantation in durch Selbstionen voramorphisiertem Silizium und 30 min Ofenausheizung im Temperaturbereich 600 bis 1000 °C hergestellt. Die elektrischen Charakteristiken des Übergangs werden mit steigender Temperatur verbessert, der stärkste Abfall der Sperrstromdichte IR tritt zwischen 700 und 800 °C auf. Dieses Diodenverhalten ist korreliert mit den Profilen der Gitterrestspannung, die mit Doppelkristallröntgenbeugung an mit Siliziumionen implantierten Proben bestimmt werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß Zwischengitterstörstellencluster, die den Ausläufer des Implantationsschadens bilden und für T ≦ 700 °C überdauern, für IR viel effektiver sind als die gewöhnlich beobachteten Versetzungsschleifen. Das Verschwinden der Cluster bei 800 °C ist eng verknüpft mit dem scharfen Abfall in IR bei derselben Temperatur. Im Gegensatz dazu, haben die Versetzungsschleifen, die für die Gitterverspannung verantwortlich sind, die bei 900 °C beobachtet werden, nur einen geringen Einfluß auf IR und nur wenn sie im Raumladungsbereich lokalisiert sind.
PAPPA2, an Enzyme That Cleaves an Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Protein, Is a Candidate Gene for a Quantitative Trait Locus Affecting Body Size in Mice (2006)

Identifying genes responsible for quantitative variation remains a major challenge. We previously identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting body size that segregated between two inbred strains of mice. By fine mapping, we have refined the location of this QTL to a genomic region containing only four protein-coding genes. One of these genes, PAPPA2, is a strong candidate because it codes for an enzyme that cleaves insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), an important stimulator of bone formation. Among littermates that segregate only for the four-gene region, we show that the QTL has a significant effect on the circulating levels of IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-3 (the latter subject to limited degradation by PAPPA2), but not on levels of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4, which are not cleaved by PAPPA2. There are 14 nonsynonymous SNPs among QTL alleles, which may affect the activity of the translated protein. The refinement of the target region to four genes and the finding that the QTL affects IGFBP-5 levels suggest that PAPPA2 may be involved with normal postnatal growth. Our mapping results also illustrate the potentially fractal nature of QTL: as we mapped our QTL with increasing resolution, what appeared to be a single QTL resolved into three closely linked QTL (previous work), and then one of these was further dissected into two in this study.
Subsurface thermal influence of experimental geothermal heat pump system operation for space cooling in Kamphaengphet, Thailand (2009)

An experimental geothermal heat pump (GHP) system operation for space cooling was conducted in Kamphaengphet, Thailand from October, 2006 to March, 2008. Temperature sensors were installed in the heat exchange tube to monitor underground temperature for this test. Using this measured data, numerical simulation was performed in order to estimate subsurface thermal influence of the GHP system operation for space cooling. As the results of this calculation, the authors consider that the thermal influence of the GHP system operation at this test site is quite limited.
Preventing cell death with a ‘check valve’ in mitochondrial complex I? (2016)

International audience
Diabetes, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure (2008)

Chronic heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) commonly coexist. Each condition increases the likelihood of developing the other, and when they occur together in the same patient the risk of morbidity and mortality increases markedly. We discuss the epidemiological overlap and consider the complex patho-physiological pathways linking the two diseases. The treatment of each condition is made more problematic by the presence of the other. We review the evidence-based treatment strategies and discuss the common problems faced by physicians when treating patients with both conditions. This article forms a comprehensive overview of a fascinating intersection between two common diseases.
Physical and biological impacts of collimator‐scattered protons in spot‐scanning proton therapy (2019)

To improve the penumbra of low-energy beams used in spot-scanning proton therapy, various collimation systems have been proposed and used in clinics. In this paper, focused on patient-specific brass collimators, the collimator-scattered protons' physical and biological effects were investigated. The Geant4 Monte Carlo code was used to model the collimators mounted on the scanning nozzle of the Hokkaido University Hospital. A systematic survey was performed in water phantom with various-sized rectangular targets; range (5-20 cm), spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) (5-10 cm), and field size (2 × 2-16 × 16 cm<sup>2</sup> ). It revealed that both the range and SOBP dependences of the physical dose increase had similar trends to passive scattering methods, that is, it increased largely with the range and slightly with the SOBP. The physical impact was maximized at the surface (3%-22% for the tested geometries) and decreased with depth. In contrast, the field size (FS) dependence differed from that observed in passive scattering: the increase was high for both small and large FSs. This may be attributed to the different phase-space shapes at the target boundary between the two dose delivery methods. Next, the biological impact was estimated based on the increase in dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET<sub>d</sub> ) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The LET<sub>d</sub> of the collimator-scattered protons were several keV/μm higher than that of unscattered ones; however, since this large increase was observed only at the positions receiving a small scattered dose, the overall LET<sub>d</sub> increase was negligible. As a consequence, the RBE increase did not exceed 0.05. Finally, the effects on patient geometries were estimated by testing two patient plans, and a negligible RBE increase (0.9% at most in the critical organs at surface) was observed in both cases. Therefore, the impact of collimator-scattered protons is almost entirely attributed to the physical dose increase, while the RBE increase is negligible.