gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Hybrid DCT - DT CWT Digital Watermarking against Geometric and Signal Processing Attacks (2007)

This paper compares different robust techniques used for imperceptible watermarking, which are resistant to geometric and signal processing attacks. The dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT CWT) provides a means of producing solutions for robust watermarking. Complex wavelet transforms use Gabor real time filters having the properties of shift invariance and directional selectivity. This produces a considerable reduction in the complexity making the DT CWT an ideal solution for real time watermarking. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) has also been proposed for robust watermarking because of its resistance to geometrical attacks. In this paper a hybrid system comprising the DCT and DT CWT is used in order to produce a more robust technique for watermarking. In the process of embedding a watermark, the properties of a human visual system (HVS) are also considered. This paper compares the watermarking process for DT CWT, DT CWT with DCT and discrete wavelets transform (DWT) in producing robust watermarks. This paper demonstrates the superior performance in the presence of geometric and signal processing attacks of the hybrid DT CWT-DCT technique.
Illuminating Clay: a tangible interface with potential GRASS applications (2002)

This paper might be a pre-copy-editing or a post-print author-produced.pdf of an article accepted for publication. For the definitive publisher-authenticated version, please refer directly to publishing house’s archive system.
Dome formation in cell cultures of chick embryo retinal pigment epithelium and effects of ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol thereon. (1987)

Cells from chick embryo retinal pigment epithelium were cultured on glass slips. The primary culture cells formed confluent cell layers which were studded with a number of domes. The domes had usually appeared by the fourth day of culture and were susceptible to 3 X 10(-6) M ouabain and 10(-4) M 2,4-dinitrophenol, indicating that fluid was transepithelially transported from the apical to the basal side by means of an energy-requiring and ouabain-sensitive mechanism. Other than domes, small blisters appeared after 4-10 days of culture. They were also susceptible to the metabolic inhibitors.
Comparison of a copper foil to a copper wire-array Z pinch at 18 MA (2004)

Results from the first solid foil implosion on the 18-MA Z accelerator are reported. The foil implosion is compared to a 300-wire-array implosion with the same material and the same diameter, height, and total mass. Though both the foil and the array produced comparable x-ray yields, the array’s radiation burst was twice as powerful and half as long as the foil’s. These data along with x-ray backlighting images and inductance measurements suggest that the foil implosion was more unstable than the wire-array implosion.
Impact of Backward Crosstalk in 2x2 MIMO Transmitters on NMSE and Spectral Efficiency (2019)

We consider backward crosstalk in 2 x 2 transmitters, which is caused by crosstalk from the outputs of the transmitter to the inputs or by the combination of output crosstalk and impedance mismatch. We analyze its impact via feedback networks together with third-order power amplifier non-linearities. We utilize the Bussgang decomposition to express the distorted output signals of the transmitter as a linear transformation of the input plus uncorrelated distortion. The normalized mean-square errors (NMSEs) between the distorted and desired amplified signals are expressed analytically and the optimal closed-form power back-off that minimizes the worst NMSE of the two branches is derived. In the second part of the paper, an achievable spectral efficiency (SE) is presented for the communication from this ``dirty'' transmitter to another single-antenna receiver. The SE-maximizing precoder is optimally found by exploiting the hardware characteristics. Furthermore, the optimal power back-off is analyzed for two sub-optimal precoders, which either do not exploit any hardware knowledge or only partial knowledge. The simulation results show that the performance of these sub-optimal precoders is close-to-optimal. We also discuss how the analysis in this paper can be extended to transmitters with an arbitrary number of antenna branches.
Selective Laser Melting of Cu–10Sn–0.4P: Processing, Microstructure, Properties, and Brief Comparison with Additively Manufactured Cu–10Sn (2021)

Selective laser melting is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to achieve excellent forming of Cu alloys. Specifically, high‐Sn–Cu alloys (e.g., Cu–10Sn) offer good wear and corrosion resistance, and are extensively used in industrial applications. Although P is considered a beneficial element in Cu–Sn alloys, particularly with respect to ductility, P‐doped Cu–10Sn alloy (Cu–10Sn–0.4P) has not yet been investigated in detail. Thus, herein, it provides valuable insights regarding the printability, residual stress level, heat treatment conditions, mechanical properties, and microstructural features of selective laser melted Cu–10Sn–0.4P. The alloy is successfully printed using a relatively wide range of processing parameters. The high levels of residual stress after printing were relieved using heat treatment under appropriate conditions. Consequently, a good combination of strength, ductility, and hardness was achieved. The addition of P led to an improved oxygen scavenging capability, thus Cu–10Sn–0.4P alloy exhibited a better ductility than P‐free Cu–Sn alloy. The excellent printability of Cu–10Sn–0.4P is demonstrated by printing a variety of objects, including flanges, sheathings, and jewelry rings.
WRF simulation over complex terrain during a southern California wildfire event (2012)

In October 2007, the largest wildfire‐related evacuation in California's history occurred as severe wildfires broke out across southern California. Smoke from these wildfires contributed to elevated pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere, affecting air quality in a vast region of the western United States. High‐resolution numerical simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to understand the atmospheric conditions during the wildfire episode and how the complex circulation patterns might affect smoke transport and dispersion. The simulated meteorological fields were validated using surface and upper air observations in California and Nevada. To distinguish the performance of the WRF in different geographic regions, the surface stations were grouped into coastal sites, valley and basin sites, and mountain sites, and the results for the three categories were analyzed and intercompared. For temperature and moisture, the mountain category has the best agreement with the observations, while the coastal category was the worst. For wind, the model performance for the three categories was very similar. The flow patterns over complex terrain were also analyzed under different synoptic conditions and the possible impact of the terrain on smoke and pollutant pathways is analyzed by employing a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model. When high mountains prevent the smoke from moving inland, the mountain passes act as active pathways for smoke transport; meanwhile, chimney effect helps inject the pollutants to higher levels, where they are transported regionally. The results highlight the role of complex topography in the assessment of the possible smoke transport patterns in the region.
Review Article - Indwelling JJ ureteral stents-A current perspectiveand review of literature (2003)

Aims &amp;amp; Introduction: To provide the surgeon with information and physical data so as to optimize the safety and efficiency of the ureteral stents in their patients. To review the current literature on the use, implications and complications of indwelling double-J (DJ) ureteral stents. To review the properties and qualities of various types of available stents and the biomaterials used to manufacture them. Material and Methods: A Pub-med literature search was carried out using the key words ureteral stents, ureteral stent complications, ureteral stent materials, DJ stents, polyurethane stents, silicone stents and hydrogel stents. Results: The salient findings were reviewed and tabulated to depict the stent type, their merits and complications. Conclusion: DJ stents constitute an important armamentarium in the hands of the endourologist. Routine use is not justified, as they are not free of complications. Their use must be strictly restricted to selected cases and one must be familiar with their merits and demerits. Certain precautions and guidelines must be observed whenever they are deployed. Adequate training is of utmost necessity because in untrained hands they may do an irreparable harm rather than any benefit. It is important to remember that the stent is a double-edged weapon and it may behave as a friend or an enemy.
The Enviro-HIRLAM online integrated meteorology–chemistry modelling system: strategy, methodology, developments, and applications (2017)

Abstract. The Environment – HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM) is developed as a fully online integrated numerical weather prediction (NWP) and atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) model for research and forecasting of joint meteorological, chemical and biological weather. The integrated modelling system is developed by DMI in collaboration with several European universities. It is the baseline system in the HIRLAM Chemical Branch and used in several countries and different applications. The development was initiated at DMI more than 15 years ago. The first version was based on the DMI-HIRLAM NWP model with online integrated passive pollutant transport and dispersion, chemistry, aerosol dynamics, deposition and indirect effects. To make the model suitable for chemical weather forecasting (CWF) in urban areas the meteorological part was improved by implementation of urban parameterizations. The dynamical core was improved by implementing a locally mass conserving semi-Lagrangian numerical advection scheme, which improves forecast accuracy and model performance. The latest developing version is based on HIRLAM reference v7.2 with a more advanced and effective chemistry, aerosol multi-compound approach, aerosol feedbacks (direct and semi-direct) on radiation and (first and second indirect effects) on cloud microphysics. Since 2004 the Enviro-HIRLAM is used for different studies, including operational pollen forecasting for Denmark since 2009. Following main research and development strategy the further model developments will be extended towards the new NWP platform – HARMONIE. Different aspects of online coupling methodology, research strategy and possible applications of the modelling system, and fit-for-purpose model configurations for the meteorological and air quality communities are discussed.
The EPR spectra of Gd3+ and Eu2+ in glassy systems (1985)

A critical analysis is given of the EPR spectrum exhibited by the rare-earth S-state ions, Gd3+ and Eu2+, in glassy and disordered polycrystalline materials. The analysis of this spectrum and of its previous interpretations is based on (a) a set of criteria derived from a wide range of experimental EPR and optical data, and (b) a first principles computer simulation method which explicitly incorporates broad distributions in the crystal field interaction parameters. It is found that all four previous interpretations of the glassy spectrum are unsatisfactory, each failing to satisfy two or more of the criteria imposed by the full range of data. The correct general solution to the spectrum is unequivocally established and shown to be a convolution of (a) a broad and essentially unimodal distribution of second-order crystal field parameters, b02, with a maximum in the approximate range 0.051≲b02 ≲0.056 cm−1, and (b) a broad distribution of asymmetry parameters, λ′=b22/b02, with appreciable probability over the whole range 0.0≤ λ′≤1.0. The prominent features in the X-band spectrum at g∼6.0 and 2.8 are found to be the result of specific EPR transitions that are stationary with respect to b02, λ′, and the orientation angles of the applied field H over a wide range. The quantitive results indicate that the site symmetries of the RE ions are essentially very low and disordered, and are best characterized by a single low-symmetry ‘‘glassy type’’ site.
Serotonin 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> Receptor mRNA Expression in Dorsal Hippocampus and Raphe Nuclei after Gonadal Hormone Manipulation in Female Rats (2001)

Female ovarian steroids influence mood and cognition, an effect presumably mediated by the serotonergic system. A key receptor in this interplay may be the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype. We gave adult ovariectomized female rats subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the dorsal hippocampus, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and entorhinal cortex. Estradiol treatment alone reduced 5-HT(1A) gene expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA2 region (17 and 19% decrease, respectively). Estradiol combined with progesterone supplementation increased 5-HT(1A) gene expression versus placebo in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the dorsal hippocampus (16 and 30% increase, respectively). Concomitantly, 5-HT(1A) mRNA expression was decreased by 13% in the ventrolateral part of the dorsal raphe nuclei, while no changes were found in the median raphe nucleus and entorhinal cortex. Chronic effects of ovarian hormones on 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression appear tissue-specific and involve hippocampal subregions and the raphe nuclei. Modulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression may be of importance for gonadal steroid effects on mood and cognition.
Bioprinting Decellularized Breast Tissue for the Development of Three-Dimensional Breast Cancer Models (2022)

The tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that breast tissue-derived matrices could be an important biomaterial to recreate the complexity of the tumor ECM. We have developed a method for decellularizing and delipidating a porcine breast tissue (TDM) compatible with hydrogel formation. The addition of gelatin methacrylamide and alginate allows this TDM to be bioprinted by itself with good printability, shape fidelity, and cytocompatibility. Furthermore, this bioink has been tuned to more closely recreate the breast tumor by incorporating collagen type I (Col1). Breast cancer cells (BCCs) proliferate in both TDM bioinks forming cell clusters and spheroids. The addition of Col1 improves the printability of the bioink as well as increases BCC proliferation and reduces doxorubicin sensitivity due to a downregulation of HSP90. TDM bioinks also allow a precise three-dimensional printing of scaffolds containing BCCs and stromal cells and could be used to fabricate artificial tumors. Taken together, we have proven that these novel bioinks are good candidates for biofabricating breast cancer models.
On-line motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease (2004)

Recent models based, in part on a study of Huntington's disease, suggest that the basal ganglia are involved in on-line movement guidance. Two experiments were conducted to investigate this idea. First, we studied advanced Parkinson's disease patients performing a reaching task known to depend on on-line guidance. The task was to 'look and point' in the dark at visual targets displayed in the peripheral visual field. In some trials, the target location was slightly modified during saccadic gaze displacement (when vision is suppressed). In both patient and control groups, the target jump induced a gradual modification of the movement which diverged smoothly from its original path to reach the new target location. No deficit was found in the patients, except for an increased latency to respond to the target jump (Parkinson's disease: 243 ms; controls: 166 ms). A computational simulation indicated that this response slowing was likely to be a by-product of bradykinesia. The unexpected inconsistency between this result and previous reports was investigated in a second experiment. We hypothesized that the relevant factor was the characteristics of the corrections to be performed. To test this prediction, we investigated a task requiring corrections of the same type as investigated in Huntington's disease, namely large, consciously detected errors induced by large target jumps at hand movement onset. In contrast with the smooth adjustments observed in the first experiment, the subjects responded to the target jump by generating a discrete corrective sub-movement. While this iterative response was relatively rapid in the control subjects (220 ms), Parkinson's disease patients exhibited either dramatically late (>730 ms) or totally absent on-line corrections. When on-line corrections were absent, the initial motor response was completed before a second corrective response was initiated (the latency of the corrective response was the same as the latency of the initial response). Considered together, these results suggest that basal ganglia dependent circuits are not critical for feedback loops involving a smooth modulation of the ongoing command. These circuits may rather contribute to the generation of discrete corrective sub-movements. This deficit is in line with the general impairment of sequential and simultaneous actions in patients with basal ganglia disorders.
Irrigation’s effect and applied selection on the fiber quality of Ethyl MethaneSulfonate (EMS) treated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2018)

Producing rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with high fiber quality has been challenging in the Texas High Plains because of extended periods of insufficient rainfall during sensitive boll developmental stages. Genetic variation created by Ethyl MethaneSulfonate (EMS) mutagen has successfully improved fiber quality of cotton. However, little is known about the effect of water deficit environments on fiber quality. Three EMS treated populations were advanced from the first to the fourth generation (M1 to M4) as bulk harvested populations. In 2014, single-plant divergent selection was applied based on perceived morphological and agronomic differences seen during and at the end of the season. Analyses from these selections in 2014–2016 showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement between and within populations for fiber traits (micronaire, length, strength, uniformity, and elongation) when compared with the original non-treated EMS source; some selections were found to have excellent fiber quality under diverse irrigation-regimes. Some of these selections are being considered for germplasm release and could be useful for improving the fiber quality of cotton under water limited conditions, thereby helping to ensure the long-term survival of the cotton industry on the Texas High Plains.
Survival and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Are Critically Dependent on the Host Innate Immune Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-4 Signaling (2009)

Background— The innate immune system greatly contributes to the inflammatory process after myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4), downstream of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling, has an essential role in regulating the innate immune response. The present study was designed to determine the mechanism by which IRAK-4 is responsible for the cardiac inflammatory process, which consequently affects left ventricular remodeling after MI. Methods and Results— Experimental MI was created in IRAK-4 −/− and wild-type mice by left coronary ligation. Mice with a targeted deletion of IRAK-4 had an improved survival rate at 4 weeks after MI. IRAK-4 −/− mice also demonstrated attenuated cardiac dilation and decreased inflammation in the infarcted myocardium, which was associated with less proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine expression mediated by suppression of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. IRAK-4 −/− mice had fewer infiltrations of CD45 + leukocytes and CD11c + dendritic cells, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced fibrosis and nitric oxide production. Cardiac dendritic cells in IRAK-4 −/− mice were relatively immature or functionally naïve after MI in that they demonstrated less cytokine and costimulatory molecule gene expression. Furthermore, IRAK-4 −/− dendritic cells have less mobilization capacity. Transfer of wild type-derived bone marrow dendritic cells into IRAK-4 −/− mice for functional dendritic cell reconstitution negated the survival advantage and reduced the cardiac dilation observed with IRAK-4 −/− mice at 28 days after MI. Conclusions— Deletion of IRAK-4 has favorable effects on survival and left ventricular remodeling after MI through modification of the host inflammatory process by blunting the detrimental bone marrow dendritic cells mobilization after myocardial ischemia.
Disorder and Conductivity in Pyrochlore Thin Films (2016)

Numerous avenues are currently being explored to enhance ionic conductivity in solid oxide materials including dopants, nano-structuring, and strain engineering. Their effect on material properties, specifically mobile carrier concentration and mobility, needs to be understood and ultimately exploited to develop advanced functional materials. In this work, we seek to explore the relationship between intrinsic disorder and oxygen ion conduction. The pyrochlore compounds, A 2 B 2 O 7 , consist of both ordered cation and anion sublattices. The introduction of anti-site disorder, where the A and B cations switch positions, is accompanied by increasing disorder on the anion sublattice, and complete randomization of the A- and B-site cations results in the defect fluorite phase. Several workers have previously studied the influence of structural disorder on ionic conductivity by introducing disorder through dopants, temperature or pressure. It has previously been suggested that disorder increases carrier concentration by freeing the fixed vacancy from the ordered anion sublattice of the pyrochlore structure, while order, on the other hand, may serve to increase mobility by providing a preferential ion transport pathway. This is in contrast to recent modeling results that indicate that both carrier concentration and mobility increase with disorder. In order to better understand the interplay of disorder and ionic transport, the present work utilizes irradiation as a tool to introduce, and control the extent of, structural disorder in pyrochlore oxide thin films. We have chosen to investigate the end members of the Gd 2 (Zr x Ti 1-x ) 2 O 7 system as Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 is an intrinsic fast-ion conductor that is also very rad tolerant whereas Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 is a poor ionic conductor that is much more susceptible to amorphization under irradiation than the zirconates. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy is used to measure the conductivity of materials with varying degrees of structural disorder in order to better understand how the underlying transport mechanisms depend on crystalline disorder. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.
Association Between C677T Polymorphism of Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase and Congenital Heart Disease (2013)

The MTHFR C677T polymorphism, which directly influences plasma folate levels, is not associated with CHD risk. Publication biases appear to substantially contaminate the literature with regard to this genetic association.