gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk. (1985)

A rapid, economical, and reliable liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk. The method includes an improved AOAC extraction procedure, cleanup of the extract on a silica cartridge, and LC quantitation. Alternatively, a rapid column cleanup procedure can be used. Milk artificially spiked with aflatoxin M1 at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 ppb was analyzed using both new approaches as well as an AOAC method coupled with LC for quantitation of the toxin. Recovery of aflatoxin M1 by the first approach of the new method ranged between 93.4 and 99.1%, and for the alternative procedure between 92.4 and 96.8%. The AOAC method gave lower recovery (85.6-90.7%) of toxin, but the results from this method had a somewhat smaller standard deviation for replicate analyses than did results of the new method.
Regioselektive Acylierung von 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucit (1987)

Regioselective Acylation of 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucitol Acylation of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol with anhydrides in the presence of heavy metal salts affords 5-endo-acylates with high regioselectivity, without detectable amounts of the isomeric 2-acylates. Acyl group migration occurs with preference for the 2-exo-position, on heating an acylation mixture, which contains varying amounts of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol, 2- and 5-monoacylate and 2,5-diacylate, in the presence of reesterification catalysts and whilst distilling off the lower boiling 2-acylate.
Breast pattern as a risk for development of cancer. (1982)

Between the years 1974-790, 10,400 mammographies were performed in 8,566 women, and 442 prevalent breast cancers were detected. Of these mammographies, 8,400 were performed in 6,556 women for diagnostic purposes, and 2,000 were part of a clinical-radiological screening study. The mammograms were classified according to the patterns described by Wolfe. One-third of our cancer patients presented with the"high risk" P2 and DY pattern; the same pattern was present in 27% of our normal control group. We conclude that patient management and follow-up cannot be based on mammographic pattern alone for this would miss two-thirds of breast cancer cases. The radiologist interpreting mammographies should nevertheless by especially alert in the presence of the high risk pattern.
In vivo effects of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and gentamicin on bovine neutrophil function and morphologic features (1990)

Antibiotics that have been shown in vitro to have a detrimental effect on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were injected into the mammary gland. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, gentamicin, or phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) were administered to uninfected mammary quarters of four cows at recommended doses. Each cow received each of the 4 treatments. Total milk somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in milk in response to drug, changes in ultrastructure of PMNL, and effects on in vitro percentage phagocytosis, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, and chemiluminescence were studied. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in somatic cell count, compared with baseline values. During the first 12 hours, no effect on NAGase activity was observed. All 3 antibiotics caused a significant (P less than 0.05) alteration of PMNL morphologic features. More abnormal PMNL (63%) were found in tetracycline-injected quarters. Gentamicin-injected quarters contained 33% abnormal PMNL, compared with only 5% for PBSS-injected quarters. A significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in percentage phagocytosis was observed for tetracycline and gentamicin. Tetracycline inhibited all chemiluminescence activity, whereas no effect was observed for the other 2 drugs. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was nonsignificantly (P greater than or equal to 0.05) decreased for the 3 drugs, compared with that for PBSS controls. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that some antibiotics may be inhibitory to phagocyte function and, thereby, impair host defense mechanisms against invading microbes.
Immune clearance of liposomes inhibited by an anti-Fc receptor antibody in vivo. (1986)

In a study designed to evaluate the potential for in vivo manipulation of the circulation and tissue distribution of injected liposomes, mice were passively injected with antidinitrophenyl (anti-DNP) monoclonal antibodies of the IgG2a or IgG2b subclasses or were immunized with the nitrophenyl hapten bound to a protein carrier. They were then injected i.v. with 125I- and carboxyfluorescein-labeled, DNP-bearing liposomes. Circulation time of the DNP-bearing liposomes was markedly reduced in actively and passively immune mice, with increased deposition of liposomes in the liver. The increased clearance of liposomes could be abrogated by injection of a monoclonal antibody directed against the murine IgG Fc receptor (2.4G2). The results suggest that clearance of ligand-bearing reagent in the face of an immune response may be modified by specific immunologic manipulation in vivo.
Molecular analyses of glucosyltransferase genes among strains of Streptococcus mutans (1998)

Three glucosyltransferase (GTase) genes (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) were cloned and sequenced from clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus mutans MT8148 (serotype c), MT4239 (c), MT4245 (e), MT4467 (e) and MT4251 (f), respectively. Comparison of the gtf genes revealed that interstrain difference of gtfB and gtfD was limited, while gtfC showed significant interstrain variations. Similar to gtfB and gtfD, gtfC possessed five direct repeats composed of homologous unit in the carboxyl-terminal portion. The repeating unit consisted of 63–65 amino acid residues and is responsible for glucan binding. The gtfC gene from S. mutans MT4245 lacked the fourth unit. Multiple alignment with the gtf sequence of strain GS-5 (c) revealed several changes in these gtf genes due to frameshift mutations. The peptides encoded by the gtfB, gtfC and gtfD genes of GS-5 were 1, 80, and 32 amino acid residues shorter than those of the test strains except strain MT4245.
Potentiometric Detector for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (1991)

The use of a potentiometric microelectrode as an end-column detector in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is described. Uncoated fused silica capillaries with an internal diameter (I. D.) of 25 ?m are used. The microelectrode is placed a few micrometers behind the capillary end. Due to its high internal resistance (108–1011 ?), special devices to decouple the potentiometric detector from the electrophoretic current are not necessary. The composition of the liquid membrane of the microelectrode was especially designed to show a good response for most cations except magnesium, which was used as a background electrolyte. Separations are carried out at potentials ranging from 15 to 20 kV. With this method, alkali and alkali earth metals are successfully separated and directly detected down to concentrations of ca. 10?7–10?8 mol/l.
Monosynaptic inputs to ErbB4‐expressing inhibitory neurons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (2011)

Previous reports have described inputs to the somatosensory cortex (S1) in mouse or rat using retrograde or anterograde tracers. Such studies do not, however, reveal which particular cell types within the S1 cortex receive direct monosynaptic connections from these input sources. Here we describe the monosynaptic inputs to a subpopulation of mouse S1 inhibitory neurons that express ErbB4. We used a previously described "bridge protein," composed of the ErbB4 ligand, neuregulin (NRG1), fused to the avian viral receptor TVB (TVB-NRG1), along with EnvB pseudotyped lentivirus (LV) and rabies virus (RV), to selectively coinfect ErbB4-expressing neurons (Choi et al. [2010] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:16703-16708). The RV had its glycoprotein gene deleted and replaced with mCherry, so that infected cells express mCherry and the virus cannot spread without provision of rabies glycoprotein (RG) by transcomplementation. The LV encoded and expressed RG to allow transcomplementation in coinfected neurons, so that the RV could spread transsynaptically and label their direct monosynaptic inputs. The RV could not spread beyond the direct inputs, due to the lack of RG in presynaptic cells. This method revealed long-range connections from thalamus, nucleus basalis, raphe, and distant cortical areas, including ipsilateral motor, secondary somatosensory, retrosplenial, and perirhinal cortex and contralateral S1. In addition, local connections from ipsilateral pyramidal neurons within S1 were labeled. These input sources account for all of the known inputs to S1 described with standard tracers, suggesting that the subpopulation of ErbB4-positive inhibitory neurons infected using the TVB-NRG1 bridge protein receives inputs indiscriminately from S1 input sources.
Entrapment Neuropathies of the Upper Extremities (1993)

The three syndromes described in this article were chosen from about a dozen nerve-compression disorders that affect the arm from scapula to digits. They illustrate the range of problems encountered. None of the other syndromes are as common, and in some instances (pronator syndrome and anterior interosseous syndrome), localized inflammation is at least as common a cause of neuropathy as is compression. Some syndromes of nerve compression have important implications for musicians, athletes, and those who place stress on the upper limbs through heavy or repeated use. Well-designed prospective trials are clearly needed to expand our knowledge of the prevention and treatment of the entrapment neuropathies. Much more needs to be known about the long-term natural history of these disorders, since prevention is usually possible.
Relationships Between Building Features and Wildfire Damage in California, USA and Pedr&#243;g&#227;o Grande, Portugal (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Inhabited areas adjacent to wildland, known as the wildland-urban interface (WUI), often experience wildfire damage. Although knowledge on external fire protection of buildings has greatly advanced through post-fire inspections and experimental studies, the intercomparison between studies in different regions is lacking. Here we quantitatively compare two large post-fire building damage inspection databases: the 2013-2017 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection damage inspection in the USA, and the 2017 Pedr&amp;amp;#243;g&amp;amp;#227;o Grande Fire Complex post-fire investigation in Portugal. We compare the relationship between different building features and wildfire damage, and propose the Wildfire Resistance Index (WRI), a preliminary wildfire risk index applied to rural buildings. Results indicate that exterior walls, windows, and vent screens have the strongest correlation to damage level in California, and exterior walls and preservation level in Portugal. The correlation strength indicates each feature&amp;amp;#8217;s relative importance in protecting the building from wildfire damage. The WRI value corresponds to the building&amp;amp;#8217;s net number of fire-resistant features and has an inversely proportional relationship to the percent of destroyed buildings. In California 93% of buildings with a WRI of -0.4 were destroyed, compared to 73% of buildings with WRI of 1; in Portugal 75% of buildings with WRI of 0.5 were highly damaged or destroyed, decreasing to 44% of buildings with a WRI of 1. Results indicate that the amount of fire-resistant building features directly relates to the building&amp;amp;#8217;s damage probability, and that the WRI can be used to quantify building wildfire resistance.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A Genetic Programming-based Approach for Classifying Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: the SICED Experience (2022)

Abstract Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a cancer with a high mortality rate. Among the main reasons for this baleful prognosis is that, in most patients, this neoplasm is diagnosed at a too advanced stage. Clinical oncology research is now particularly focused on decoding the cancer molecular onset by understanding the complex biological architecture of tumor cell proliferation. In this direction, Machine-Learning has proved to be a valid solution in many sectors of the biomedical field, thanks to its ability to mine useful knowledge by biological and genetic data. Since the major risk factor is represented by genetic predisposition, the aim of this study is to find a mathematical model describing the complex relationship existing between genetic mutations of the involved genes and the onset of the disease. To this end, an approach based on evolutionary algorithms (Evolutionary Algorithm) is proposed. In particular, Genetic Programming is used, which allows solving a Symbolic Regression problem through the use of Genetic Algorithms. The identification of these correlations is a typical objective of the diagnostic approach, and is one of the most critical and complex activities in the presence of large amounts of data that are difficult to correlate through traditional statistical techniques. The formula obtained highlights the importance of the complex relationship existing between the different gene's mutations present in the tumor tissue of the group of patients considered.
Maintaining Equity and Access: Successful Implementation of a Virtual Kidney Transplantation Evaluation (2020)

The virtual platform allowed continued maintenance of a large kidney transplantation program despite the inability to have in-person visits. The value of this platform will likely transform our approach to the pretransplantation process and provides an additional valuable method to improve patient equity and access to transplantation.
A sampling strategy to assess the effects of land use on microbial functional diversity in soils (1999)

A suitable sampling strategy is necessary for broad-scale investigations of the effects of land use on microbial functional diversity in soils. We report on the development of procedures for sampling and handling field soils for assessment of heterotrophic functional diversity [by analysis of catabolic response profiles (CRPs)]. Individual CRPs were subject to factor analysis and the results were used for statistical comparisons of the soils. Transect sampling comparing CRPs in forest with pasture showed that most variation was attributable to differences between land uses, followed by field replication and laboratory replication. Differences in CRPs between pasture compared with pine forest, horticultural cropping, or maize cropping could also be determined by a similar sampling strategy. Variation in CRPs between land uses by using these sampling approaches was greater than variation within land uses. CRPs varied little between seasons in 2 land uses and samples could also be stored up to 5 months at 5°C with little change in CRPs. We recommend that microbial functional diversity (CRPs) can be assessed in different land uses without laboratory replication and that transect sampling strategies are suitable for distinguishing clear differences between land uses.
Glottal inverse filtering using stabilised weighted linear prediction (2011)

This paper presents and evaluates an inverse filtering technique of the speech signal which is based on the Stabilized Weighted Lin ear Prediction (SWLP) of speech. SWLP emphasizes the speech samples that fit the underlying speech production model well, by imposing temporal weighting of the square of the residual signal. The performance of SWLP is compared to the conventional Linear Prediction based inverse filtering techniques, such as the Autocorrelation and Closed Phase Covariance method. All the inverse filtering approaches are evaluated on a database of speech signals generated by a physical model of the voice production system. Results show that the estimated glottal flows using SWLP are closer to the original glottal flow than those estimated by the Autocorrelation approach, while its performance is comparable to the Closed Phase Covariance approach.
Cardioprotective effect of trimetazidine and nifedipine in guinea-pig hearts subjected to ischaemia (1989)

The cardioprotective effects of nifedipine and trimetazidine were evaluated in the Langendorff heart, the working heart and the heart-lung preparation of the guinea-pig. The effects of pretreatment with the drugs on cardiac function and on high energy phosphate content after global ischaemia were determined. Nifedipine was 1000-fold more active than trimetazidine in depressing cardiac functional parameters. In the Langendorff heart, nifedipine, but not trimetazidine, increased the coronary flow. With the exception of trimetazidine (4 x 10-5 mol/l) in the Langendorff heart, nifedipine and trimetazidine markedly improved and in a similar fashion, the recovery of cardiac mechanical parameters in the three models of myocardial ischaemia. Pretreatment with nifedipine, but not with trimetazidine, resulted in slightly but statistically not significant higher ATP-levels after global ischaemia in the working heart and in the heart-lung preparation. After reperfusion, the cardioprotective effect of nifedipine was associated with increased ATP-levels, whereas that of trimetazidine was merely related to increased phosphocreatine (PCr) levels. In the pithed rat, trimetazidine did not influence the vasoconstrictor response to the selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline or to the selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist B-HT 920. The latter response is known to be strongly dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium. Nifedipine caused a pronounced inhibition of vasoconstriction evoked by B-HT 920. These results indicate that trimetazidine is devoid of calcium entry blocking activity. The data obtained clearly show that trimetazidine exerts a pronounced beneficial effect on the ischaemic myocardium without influencing hemodynamic parameters. The mechanism of the cardioprotective activity of the drug is not related to calcium entry blockade or α-adrenoceptor antagonism, but rather caused by a mechanism at a cellular level, so far not known in detail.
Adaptive random access preamble split in LTE (2013)

In LTE, random access has a large impact on the overall system performance such as call setup delays and handover delays. Therefore, optimal configuration of RACH factors such as a resource configuration index, a transmission power control parameter, a backoff parameter, and the preamble split is critical from the system performance point of view. In this paper, we focus on the preamble split out of all above things to improve RACH performance. Three history-based preamble split schemes are proposed and their performance is evaluated in terms of random access success rate. Our proposed schemes have little overhead and can be easily combined with other RACH optimization schemes.
AN ultra-wideband SiGe BiCMOS LNA for W-band applications (2015)

This article presents the design steps and implementation of a W-band ultra-wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) for both automotive and imaging applications. Three amplifiers based on common-emitter topology with different configurations are manufactured using IHP 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS 300/500 GHz (ft/fmax) SG13G2 technology. A three-stage single-ended structure is proposed for ultra-wideband imaging purposes. As the results are analyzed, this 0.2 mm2 LNA can operate in a 25 GHz of measured 3-dB bandwidth in W-band with 21 dB peak gain and 4.9 dB average noise figure using 1.5 V supply voltage. It consumes 50 mW of power in the edge operation conditions and the output 1 dB compression point is found as −4 dBm. To the authors' knowledge, this chip achieves one of the best overall performances compared to other W-band LNAs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1274–1278, 2015
Zero‐Strain Insertion Material of Li [ Li1 / 3Ti5 / 3 ]  O 4 for Rechargeable Lithium Cells (1995)

having a defect spinel‐framework structure was prepared and examined in non‐aqueous lithium cells. (white in color) was reduced to (dark blue) at a voltage of 1.55 V and the reaction was highly reversible. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicated that the lattice dimension did not change during the reaction
Development of a haemolysin gene-based multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection ofVibrio campbellii,Vibrio harveyiandVibrio parahaemolyticus (2009)

Because there is lack of simple, rapid and cost-effective method to differentiate these closely related V. campbellii, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus species, the multiplex PCR developed in this study will be very effective in epidemiological, ecological and economical points of view.
Layered space-frequency equalization for uncoded and space-time block coded MIMO systems (2003)

We consider the problem of wireless communications in frequency selective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Our approach is to combine the attractive features of frequency-domain equalization (FDE) with a space-layered algorithm, which is referred to as layered space-frequency equalization (LSFE). In the LSFE architecture, at each stage of detection, a group of selected data streams are detected by using FDE, and are then cancelled from the received signals. This LSFE structure is also applied to the MIMO system with space-time block code (STBC). It is shown that the multistage LSFE significantly outperforms the previous single-stage structure, and all the LSFE structures provide better performance than their OFDM counterparts.
Improved detection of cell death in vivo with annexin V radiolabeled by site-specific methods. (2006)

The membrane-binding activity of annexin V is much more sensitive to amine-directed chemical modification than previously realized. New annexin V molecules labeled by site-specific methods will greatly improve sensitivity for detecting cell death in vivo.
Antioxidant Activity in Pulp and Peel of Three Mango Varieties (2015)

The aim of the present study was to estimate the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids and to investigate in-vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts of peel and pulp in three Indian mango varieties. Antioxidant activity was assessed using [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] ABTS+ assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, and phosphomolybdate assay for Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also determined, and expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE), respectively. Results of this study indicated that methanolic extracts of mango peel had significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to that of pulp (29.69 and 3.12), irrespective of the method or variety used. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity may be attributed to presence of phenolic (24.61mg GAE/g DM in the peel and 2.01mg GAE/g DM in the pulp) and flavonoid compounds (24.95mg QE/g DM in the peel and 16.15mg E/g DM in the pulp). Antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays in mango peel was significantly higher than in the mango pulp (24.95 1.96mg TE /g DM, 23.68 versus 4.60mg BHA/g DM and 40.52 versus 2.781mg TE/g DM), respectively. Results for scavenging activity against DPPH were 96.18% for the peel and 23.86% for the pulp, while, free radical scavenging activity results using ABTS+ assay were 99.62% in the peel and 13.46% in the pulp. Our study justifies research in processing of mango peel into useful, functional food ingredients (powders or extracts).