gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PCM-Based Durable Write Cache for Fast Disk I/O (2012)

Flash based solid-state devices (FSSDs) have been adopted within the memory hierarchy to improve the performance of hard disk drive (HDD) based storage system. However, with the fast development of storage-class memories, new storage technologies with better performance and higher write endurance than FSSDs are emerging, e.g., phase-change memory (PCM). Understanding how to leverage these state-of the-art storage technologies for modern computing systems is important to solve challenging data intensive computing problems. In this paper, we propose to leverage PCM for a hybrid PCM-HDD storage architecture. We identify the limitations of traditional LRU caching algorithms for PCMbased caches, and develop a novel hash-based write caching scheme called HALO to improve random write performance of hard disks. To address the limited durability of PCM devices and solve the degraded spatial locality in traditional wear-leveling techniques, we further propose novel PCM management algorithms that provide effective wear-leveling while maximizing access parallelism. We have evaluated this PCM-based hybrid storage architecture using applications with a diverse set of I/O access patterns. Our experimental results demonstrate that the HALO caching scheme leads to an average reduction of 36.8% in execution time compared to the LRU caching scheme, and that the SFC wear leveling extends the lifetime of PCM by a factor of 21.6.
Single-photon timing detectors for fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy (1996)

We review the principle of operation, performance and application of the different types of single-photon timing detectors presently employed in fluorescence lifetime determination using the time-correlated single-photon counting technique. The devices discussed include side-on and linear focused photomultiplier tubes, microchannel plate photomultipliers and avalanche photodiodes.
Comparison of Peak Torque Values of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscle Groups Using the Cybex II®and Lido 2.0®Isokinetic Dynamometers (1987)

There have been numerous studies that have measured quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic torque values using the Cybex® II dynamometer. Recently, another isokinetic device has been introduced called the Lido® 2. Since there is a lack of comparative data between the Lido and the widely used Cybex, the following study was conducted. Peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups during maximal voluntary contraction was measured using both the Cybex and Lido dynamometers. The subject population included 10 males and 11 females who ranged in age from 22–53 years of age. Peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings of both dominant and nondominant leg was measured at 60, 120, and 240 °/sec. Quadriceps peak torque values of the dominant and nondominant leg recorded with the Cybex were consistently greater than the respective values recorded with the Lido at each of the three test speeds. In contrast, hamstring values recorded with the Lido were consistently greater than those recorded with the Cybex. The hamstrings to quadriceps torque ratio of the dominant and nondominant legs were significantly (p < 0.05) less when measured with the Cybex than those measured with the Lido. Reliability of repeated effort was greater with the Cybex (r = 0.90) than the Lido (r = 0.85). Because of the dissimilarities between values recorded with the two types of dynamometers, caution should be taken when extrapolating data from one machine to the other.
Color correction of multiview video with average color as reference (2009)

When capturing multiview video, there can be significant variations in the color of views captured with different cameras. This negatively affects compression efficiency when multiview video is coded using inter-view prediction. In this paper we propose a method for correcting the color of multiview video sets as a preprocessing step to compression. Unlike previous work where one of the captured views is used as the color reference, we correct all views to match the average color of the set of views. Block based disparity estimation is used to find matching points between all views in the video set, and the average color is calculated for these matching points. Least squares regressions are used to find functions that will make each view match the average color. Experimental results show that the proposed method results in video sets that closely match in subjective color. Furthermore, when multiview video is compressed with JMVM, the proposed method increases compression efficiency by up to 1.0 dB compared to compressing the original uncorrected video.
Cloning and Expression of the Listeria monocytogenes Scott A ptsH and ptsI Genes, Coding for HPr and Enzyme I, Respectively, of the Phosphotransferase System (1998)

The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) utilizes high-energy phosphate present in PEP to drive the uptake of several different carbohydrates in bacteria. In order to examine the role of the PTS in the physiology of Listeria monocytogenes, we identified the ptsH and ptsI genes encoding the HPr and enzyme I proteins, respectively, of the PTS. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the predicted proteins are nearly 70% similar to HPr and enzyme I proteins from other organisms. Purified L. monocytogenes HPr overexpressed in Escherichia coli was also capable of complementing an HPr defect in heterologous extracts of Staphylococcus aureus ptsH mutants. Additional studies of the transcriptional organization and control indicated that the ptsH and ptsI genes are organized into a transcription unit that is under the control of a consensus-like promoter and that expression of these genes is mediated by glucose availability and pH or by by-products of glucose metabolism.
Additive Effects of Nicotine and High-Fat Diet on Hepatocellular Apoptosis in Mice: Involvement of Caspase 2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Mediated Intrinsic Pathway Signaling (2014)

Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease and may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The health risk associated with smoking is exaggerated by obesity and is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We recently demonstrated that combined treatment with nicotine and a high-fat diet (HFD) triggers greater oxidative stress, activates hepatocellular apoptosis, and exacerbates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Given that hepatocellular apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, using this model of exacerbated hepatic steatosis, we elucidated the signal transduction pathways involved in HFD plus nicotine-induced liver cell death. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal chow diet or HFD with 60% of calories derived from fat and received twice daily IP injections of 0.75 mg/kg BW of nicotine or saline for 10 weeks. High-resolution light microscopy revealed markedly higher lipid accumulation in hepatocytes from mice received HFD plus nicotine, compared to mice on HFD alone. Addition of nicotine to HFD further resulted in an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular apoptosis and was associated with activation of caspase 2, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and perturbation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Together, our data indicate the involvement of caspase 2 and iNOS-mediated apoptotic signaling in nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Targeting the caspase 2-mediated death pathway may have a protective role in development and progression of NAFLD.
The Role of Autophagy and IL-17 in Bone Resorption (2012)

Osteoclasts are essential for skeletal homeostasis: Teitelbaum, 2000). These macrophage-lineage cells function by generating a polarized microenvironment between themselves and bone wherein skeletal matrix is degraded. This resorptive compartment is isolated from the general extracellular space by an actin ring which encompasses the ruffled border, a convoluted plasma membrane structure formed by its fusion with lysosome-related vesicles containing an electrogenic H+ATPase, a chloride channel, LAMP-1, and cathepsin K. In consequence, resorption of bone reflects secretion of HCl to mobilize mineral, and cathepsin K to degrade the collagen-rich organic matrix, into the resorptive space: Stenbeck, 2002; Zhao et al., 2008). We determined that the two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems required for macroautophagy are necessary for generation of the osteoclast ruffled border. These autophagy proteins regulate the cell's capacity to efficiently secrete lysosomal proteins into the resorptive microenvironment both in vitro and in vivo and thus its ability to degrade bone. These findings provide a novel role for autophagy proteins and a possible mechanism to explain human genome wide association data suggesting a link between the autophagy pathway and predisposition to osteoporosis: Zhang et al.). Further studies in this thesis implicate IL-17 signaling in osteoporosis. Although not traditionally thought of as an inflammatory disease, estrogen deficiency osteoporosis is partially mediated by T cells, at least in mice: Weitzmann and Pacifici, 2007). Th17 cells, which secrete IL-17, mediate a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including arthritis-mediated bone destruction. We find IL-17 critical in the pathogenesis of bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. IL-17 receptor deficient mice are protected from bone loss after ovariectomy, as are mice treated with a neutralizing IL-17 antibody. Mice treated with a small molecule inhibitor of IL-17 production are similarly protected. The effect of IL-17 on osteoclasts is indirect, via osteoblastic upregulation of RANKL. The SEFIR domain of IL-17R is critical for osteoblast-mediated osteoclast formation and RANKL production. The adaptor protein Act1, specifically its SEFIR domain, is required for osteoblast-mediated osteoclast formation in response to IL-17, and Act1-/- mice are also protected from bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.
Perspectives of Biogas Conversion into Bio-CNG for Automobile Fuel in Bangladesh (2017)

The need for liquid and gaseous fuel for transportation application is growing very fast. This high consumption trend causes swift exhaustion of fossil fuel reserve as well as severe environment pollution. Biogas can be converted into various renewable automobile fuels such as bio-CNG, syngas, gasoline, and liquefied biogas. However, bio-CNG, a compressed biogas with high methane content, can be a promising candidate as vehicle fuel in replacement of conventional fuel to resolve this problem. This paper presents an overview of available liquid and gaseous fuel commonly used as transportation fuel in Bangladesh. The paper also illustrates the potential of bio-CNG conversion from biogas in Bangladesh. It is estimated that, in the fiscal year 2012-2013, the country had about 7.6775 billion m 3 biogas potential equivalent to 5.088 billion m 3 of bio-CNG. Bio-CNG is competitive to the conventional automobile fuels in terms of its properties, economy, and emission.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jilin, China (2020)

Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. To add to the scarce information on this disease, here, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 93 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Jilin, China from January 22 to March 15, 2020.We retrospectively investigated the demographic information, recent exposure history, clinical symptoms or signs, comorbidity, chest computed tomographic (CT) scan or X-ray results, laboratory test results, diagnostic classification, treatment, length of hospitalization, complications, and outcomes.Of the 93 patients, 54 were male and 39 female. More than half of these patients had a history of exposure to infected patients. The mean incubation period was 10.4 days in 87 patients, where the data was available. The 5 most common symptoms of illness onset were fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, and dyspnea. One patient was asymptomatic. The imaging results were abnormal in majority of the patients. Almost one-third of the patients had lymphopenia. All patients received antiviral therapy, 84 patients were treated with antibiotics and 54 received different doses of the hormone for methylprednisolone. In addition, 72 patients used traditional Chinese medicine. Oxygen therapy, high nasal flow oxygen, non-invasive ventilator, invasive ventilator and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were used symptomatically in different patients. Except 1 patient who died during treatment, all others were discharged.The average incubation time is prolonged in the present analysis, as compared to that in other reports. A few patients symptoms improved but CT exacerbated. Therefore, we suggest that close follow-up observation is still required after discharge.
Crossover Behavior in the Packing and Assembly of Concave Hard Spheres (2015)

Particle shape plays an important role in assembly and packing. The combination of concave and convex surfaces in particular influence the way particles arrange, both entropically and in the limit of infinite pressure. We study recently synthesized spheroidal particles with up to six symmetric concavities (dimples) between the convex and concave extents of their shape. These particles exhibit a crossover in behavior during both packing and assembly arising from a competition between their convex and concave features. We identify the shape features that control this crossover as the total circumference to depth ratio of dimples in packing, and the individual dimple volume in assembly.
Correlation of Nasal Fluid Biomarkers and Symptoms in Patients with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis (2020)

The levels of CC16 alone among several NALF biomarkers showed an inverse correlation with symptoms of PAR patients.
Resonant-plasmon field enhancement from asymmetrically illuminated conical metallic-probe tips (2006)

Optical-field enhancement and confinement for an asymmetrically illuminated nanoscopic Au tip suspended over a planar Au substrate is investigated both numerically and experimentally. The spatial field distribution of the tip-sample system was calculated using the full 3D finite-difference time-domain method. The calculation enables investigation of the effects of the substrate-tip placement, angle of incidence, and spectral response. The tip plasmon response leads to a significant (up to ~70 times) local field enhancement between the tip and substrate. The enhancement is found to be extremely sensitive to the tip-sample separation distance. Tip-enhanced Raman scattering experiments were performed and the numerical results provide a consistent description of the observed field localization and enhancement.
Structural and Biochemical Analysis Reveal Pirins to Possess Quercetinase Activity (2005)

Pirin is a recently identified eukaryotic protein implicated in transcriptional activation and apoptosis. Homologues of Pirin are highly conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but their function remains poorly understood. We present here the crystal structure of the yhhW gene product, a putative Pirin homologue, from Escherichia coli and confirm its structural similarity to Pirin. The YhhW protein displays a bicupin fold with a single N-terminal metal coordination site. Molecular surface comparisons of YhhW and Pirin with structurally similar proteins suggested quercetin as a potential ligand. We demonstrate that both bacterial and human Pirins have quercetinase activity, which is inhibited by the addition of typical inhibitors of the quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase reaction. We also demonstrate the release of carbon monoxide as a reaction product. This is the first report of enzymatic activity for any member of the Pirin family and may be an important connection to their roles in transcriptional regulation.
A Rapid Synthesis of Pyranoid Glycals from Glycosyl Bromides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTA Rapid Synthesis of Pyranoid Glycals from Glycosyl BromidesCullen L. Cavallaro and Jeffrey SchwartzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4, 1554Publication Date (Web):February 23, 1996Publication History Published online23 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo954028ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo954028icorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autologous Cell-Mediated Killing (2005)

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................253 Autologous Cell-Mediated Killing via Intercellular Contacts ......................................................254
Tumor Escape Mutants Develop within an Immune-Privileged Environment in the Absence of T Cell Selection (2006)

The establishment of tumor escape mutants, which can be driven by innate and/or adaptive immune effector cells, presents a significant obstacle in the development of successful tumor immunotherapies. Our study documents that tumors growing within an immune-privileged site within the eye develop a tumor escape phenotype in the absence of selective T cell pressure. P815 tumor cells that are recovered from progressively growing tumors within the anterior chamber of the eye escape elimination when injected into the flanks of a second group of syngeneic DBA/2 mice that were previously immunized against P815 tumor cells. The escape phenotype of eye-derived P815 tumors was stable and permanent when the tumor cells were cultured in vitro. Eye-derived tumor cells recovered from the anterior chamber of CB-17 SCID mice also escaped elimination when injected into the flanks of immunized mice, demonstrating that selective pressure by tumor Ag-specific T cells did not contribute to the development of the escape phenotype. In vitro studies demonstrated that eye-derived tumor cells were not lysed by specific CTL and were unable to restimulate primed Ag-specific T cells. Immune escape of eye-derived tumor cells was not due to down-regulation of either MHC class I or ICAM-1. Our data demonstrate that the immune-privileged environment within the eye induces a tumor escape phenotype that is not driven by selective T cell pressure. We predict that immune escape within the eye is driven by the unique ocular environment that permanently alters gene expression in eye-derived tumor cells.
A Practical Implementation of Silicon Microchannel Coolers for High Power Chips (2007)

This paper describes a practical implementation of a single-phase Si microchannel cooler designed for cooling very high power chips such as microprocessors. Through the use of multiple heat exchanger zones and optimized cooler fin designs, a unit thermal resistance 10.5 C-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> /W from the cooler surface to the inlet water was demonstrated with a fluid pressure drop of <35kPa. Further, cooling of a thermal test chip with a microchannel cooler bonded to it packaged in a single chip module was also demonstrated for a chip power density greater than 300W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Coolers of this design should be able to cool chips with average power densities of 400W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or more
Hopping, jumping and looping by restriction enzymes (2001)

Type II restriction endonucleases recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave both strands of the DNA at fixed locations at or near their recognition sites. Many of these enzymes are dimeric proteins that recognize, in symmetrical fashion, palindromic DNA sequences. They generally catalyse independent reactions at each recognition site on the DNA, although in some cases they act processively; cutting the DNA first at one site, then translocating along the DNA to another site and cutting that before leaving the DNA. The way in which the degree of processivity varies with the length of DNA between the sites can reveal the mechanism of translocation. In contrast with the common view that proteins move along DNA by 'sliding', the principal mode of transfer of the EcoRV endonuclease is by 'hopping' and 'jumping', i.e. the dissociation of the protein from one site followed by its re-association with another site in the same DNA molecule, either close to or distant from the original site. Other type II restriction enzymes require two copies of their recognition sites for their DNA cleavage reactions. Many of these enzymes, such as SfiI, are tetramers with two DNA-binding surfaces. SfiI has no activity when bound to just one recognition site, and instead both DNA-binding surfaces have to be filled before it becomes active. Although the two sites can be on separate DNA molecules, SfiI acts optimally with two sites on the same DNA, where it traps the DNA between the sites in a loop. SfiI thus constitutes a test system for the analysis of DNA looping.
Threonine versus isothreonine in synthetic peptides analyzed by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2016)

Threonine can be distinguished from isothreonine by its retention time and HCD fragmentation pattern, specifically relative intensity of the bn - product ion, which can be further used in proteomic research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AlterWear (2018)

As the landscape of wearable devices continues to expand, power remains a major issue for adoption, usability, and miniaturization. Users are faced with an increasing number of personal devices to manage, charge, and care for. In this work, we argue that power constraints limit the design space of wearable devices. We present AlterWear: an architecture for new wearable devices that implement a batteryless design using electromagnetic induction via NFC and bistable e-ink displays. Although these displays are active only when in proximity to an NFC-enabled device, this unique combination of hardware enables both quick, dynamic and long-term interactions with persistent visual displays. We demonstrate new wearables enabled through AlterWear with dynamic, fashion-forward, and expressive displays across several form factors, and evaluate them in a user study. By forgoing the need for onboard power, AlterWear expands the ecosystem of functional and fashionable wearable technologies.