gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Blood Glucose Quantification Using Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

We here propose a novel Raman spectroscopy method that permits the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose concentration. To reduce the effects of the strong background signals produced by surrounding tissue and to obtain the fingerprint Raman lines formed by blood analytes, a laser was focused on the blood in vessels in the skin. The Raman spectra were collected transcutaneously. Characteristic peaks of glucose (1125 cm(-1)) and hemoglobin (1549 cm(-1)) were observed. Hemoglobin concentration served as an internal standard, and the ratio of the peaks that appeared at 1125 cm(-1) and 1549 cm(-1) peaks was used to calculate the concentration of blood glucose. We studied three mouse subjects whose blood glucose levels became elevated over a period of 2 hours using a glucose test assay. During the test, 25 Raman spectra were collected transcutaneously and glucose reference values were provided by a blood glucose meter. Results clearly showed the relationship between Raman intensity and concentration. The release curves were approximately linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. This noninvasive methodology may be useful for the study of blood glucose in vivo.
IMPACT ON STREET PAVEMENTS OF BUSES FUELED BY COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (1995)

The federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the Energy Policy Act of 1992, along with other state regulations, have stimulated or mandated the use of alternative fuels to power transit system bus fleets. Among such fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG) is attractive, even though it must be stored in robust, pressurized cylinders capable of withstanding pressures up to 34 450 kPa (5,000 psi). Such systems are typically heavier than conventional diesel storage tanks. As a result, gross vehicle weight is raised, sometimes significantly, which then increases the consumption of the pavement over which CNG buses operate. Capital Metro, the Austin, Texas, transit authority, is evaluating a number of CNG-fueled buses. As part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's University Transportation Centers Program, the scale of incremental pavement consumption associated with the operation of these buses was studied. The study suggests that replacing current vehicles with CNG-powered models using aluminum storage tanks would raise average network equivalent single-axle impacts by about 6 percent, which means an increase in total overlay rehabilitation costs across the network of more than 4 percent a year. Finally, it recommends that a full cost study be undertaken to evaluate the adoption of alternative bus fuels, including its pavement and environmental impacts.
From Pixels to Response Maps: Discriminative Image Filtering for Face Alignment in the Wild (2014)

We propose a face alignment framework that relies on the texture model generated by the responses of discriminatively trained part-based filters. Unlike standard texture models built from pixel intensities or responses generated by generic filters (e.g. Gabor), our framework has two important advantages. First, by virtue of discriminative training, invariance to external variations (like identity, pose, illumination and expression) is achieved. Second, we show that the responses generated by discriminatively trained filters (or patch-experts) are sparse and can be modeled using a very small number of parameters. As a result, the optimization methods based on the proposed texture model can better cope with unseen variations. We illustrate this point by formulating both part-based and holistic approaches for generic face alignment and show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art on multiple "wild" databases. The code and dataset annotations are available for research purposes from http://ibug.doc.ic.ac.uk/resources.
The MCNPTools Package: Installation and Use (2022)

MCNPTools is a C++ software library bound to Python (2 & 3) via the Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator (SWIG version 3.0.7). The report lists the minimum build requirements and the compiler options that are currently tested and supported.
Generalized Daubechies Wavelets (2006)

We present a generalization of the Daubechies wavelet family. The context is that of a non-stationary multiresolution analysis - i.e., a sequence of embedded approximation spaces generated by scaling functions that are not necessarily dilates of one another. The constraints that we impose on these scaling functions are: (1) orthogonality with respect to translation; (2) reproduction of a given set of exponential polynomials; and (3) minimal support. These design requirements lead to the construction of a general family of compactly-supported, orthonormal wavelet-like bases of L/sub 2/. If the exponential parameters are all zero, then one recovers Daubechies wavelets, which are orthogonal to the polynomials of degree (N-1) where N is the order (vanishing-moment property). A fast filterbank implementation of the generalized wavelet transform follows naturally; it is similar to Mallat's algorithm, except that the filters are now scale-dependent. The new transforms offer increased flexibility and are tunable to the spectral characteristics of a wide class of signals.
Cholesterol efflux potential of sera from mice expressing human cholesteryl ester transfer protein and/or human apolipoprotein AI. (1995)

The ability of whole serum to promote cell cholesterol efflux and the relationships between apoprotein and lipoprotein components of human serum efflux have been investigated previously (de la Llera Moya, M., V. Atger, J.L. Paul, N. Fournier, N. Moatti, P. Giral, K.E. Friday, and G.H. Rothblat. 1994. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14:1056-1065). We have now used this experimental system to study the selective effects of two human lipoprotein-related proteins, apoprotein AI (apo AI) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on cell cholesterol efflux, when these proteins are expressed in transgenic mice. The percent efflux values for cholesterol released in 4 h from Fu5AH donor cells to 5% sera from the different groups of mice were in the order: background = human apo AI transgenic (HuAITg) > human CETP transgenic (HuCETPTg) > human apo AI and CETP transgenic (HuAICETPTg) >> apo AI knockout mice. In each group of mice a strong, positive correlation (r2 ranging from 0.64 to 0.76) was found between efflux and HDL cholesterol concentrations. The slopes of these regression lines differed between groups of mice, indicating that the cholesterol acceptor efficiencies of the sera differed among groups. These differences in relative efficiencies can explain why cholesterol efflux was not proportional to the different HDL levels in the various groups of mice. We can conclude that: (a) HDL particles from HuAITg mice are less efficient as cholesterol acceptors than HDL from the background mice; (b) despite a lower average efflux due to lower HDL cholesterol concentrations, HDL particles are more efficient in the HuCETPTg mice than in the background mice; and (c) the coexpression of both human apo AI and CETP improves the efficiency of HDL particles in the HuAICETPTg mice when compared with the HuAITg mice. We also demonstrated that the esterification of the free cholesterol released from the cells by lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in the serum was reduced in the HuAITg and AI knockout mice, whereas it was not different from background values in the two groups of mice expressing human CETP.
Activities of Clinafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, and Trovafloxacin against Recent Clinical Isolates of Levofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (2000)

The activities of two investigational fluoroquinolones and three fluoroquinolones that are currently marketed were determined for 182 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The collection included 57 pneumococcal isolates resistant to levofloxacin (MIC >/= 8 microg/ml) recovered from patients in North America and Europe. All isolates were tested with clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility test methods. Gemifloxacin demonstrated the greatest activity on a per gram basis, followed by clinafloxacin, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin. Scatterplots of the MICs and disk diffusion zone sizes revealed a well-defined separation of levofloxacin-resistant and -susceptible strains when the isolates were tested against clinafloxacin and gatifloxacin. DNA sequence analyses of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE from 21 of the levofloxacin-resistant strains identified eight different patterns of amino acid changes. Mutations among the four loci had the least effect on the MICs of gemifloxacin and clinafloxacin, while the MICs of gatifloxacin and trovafloxacin increased by up to six doubling dilutions. These data indicate that the newer fluoroquinolones have greater activities than levofloxacin against pneumococci with mutations in the DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV genes. Depending upon pharmacokinetics and safety, the greater potency of these agents could provide improved clinical efficacy against levofloxacin-resistant pneumococcal strains.
Evaluation of Impact of Web-based Activities on Mechanics Achievement and Self-Efficacy (2020)

Abstract Evaluation of Impact of Web-based Activities on Mechanics Achievement and Self-EfficacyThis paper presents initial results of a research project on the impact of web-based activities on mechanicsachievement and self-efficacy. This pilot research is addressing the question of "What sticks and why?"in an introductory mechanics course that incorporates traditional lectures with interactive hands-onlearning, as well as web-based instruction and homework. The web-based activities vary in level ofinteraction with the student. High interaction activities feature active learning with instant feedback; lowinteraction activities feature readings and lectures with demonstrations. Exercises focused on creating andusing free body diagrams have been developed, and initial data on self-efficacy has been obtained.Additional studies will be conducted throughout the academic year.The introductory mechanics course for which these web-based exercises are being created is taught to 80-100 students per term and involves hands-on laboratory exercises weekly within the class meeting time.The developed web-based exercises are for a one-week segment on free body diagrams and include videoclips with opportunities for students to apply concepts both through multiple choice questions andinteractive exercises. Class time during this week is devoted to additional hands-on exercises with somesupplemental lecture content. Pilot data have been collected and results will be reported on both thequantitative and qualitative information. Quantitative data include measures of performance on conceptinventory questions and exams, as well as self-efficacy data. Qualitative information includes individualhomework and in-class work as well as in-class pair work. In addition to presenting initial findings fromour research, we will discuss how embedding of assessment into a course is benefitting both the studentsand the instructors.
The Regulated Production of μ m and μ s mRNA Is Dependent on the Relative Efficiencies of μ s Poly(A) Site Usage and the Cμ4-to-M1 Splice (1989)

The relative abundance of the mRNAs encoding the membrane (mu m) and secreted (mu s) forms of immunoglobulin mu heavy chain is regulated during B-cell maturation by a change in the mode of RNA processing. Current models to explain this regulation involve either competition between cleavage-polyadenylation at the proximal (mu s) poly(A) site and cleavage-polyadenylation at the distal (mu m) poly(A) site [poly(A) site model] or competition between cleavage-polyadenylation at the mu s poly(A) site and splicing of the C mu 4 and M1 exons, which eliminates the mu s site (mu s site-splice model). To test certain predictions of these models and to determine whether there is a unique structural feature of the mu s poly(A) site that is essential for regulation, we constructed modified mu genes in which the mu s or mu m poly(A) site was replaced by other poly(A) sites and then studied the transient expression of these genes in cells representative of both early- and late-stage lymphocytes. Substitutions at the mu s site dramatically altered the relative usage of this site and caused corresponding reciprocal changes in the usage of the mu m site. Despite these changes, use of the proximal site was still usually higher in plasmacytomas than in pre-B cells, indicating that regulation does not depend on a unique feature of the mu s poly(A) site. Replacement of the distal (mu m) site had no detectable effect on the usage of the mu s site in either plasmacytomas or pre-B cells. These findings are inconsistent with the poly(A) site model. In addition, we noted that in a wide variety of organisms, the sequence at the 5' splice junction of the C mu 4-to-M1 intron is significantly different from the consensus 5' splice junction sequence and is therefore suboptimal with respect to its complementary base pairing with U1 small nuclear RNA. When we mutated this suboptimal sequence into the consensus sequence, the mu mRNA production in plasmacytoma cells was shifted from predominantly mu s to exclusively mu m. This result unequivocally demonstrated that splicing of the C mu 4-to-M1 exon is in competition with usage of the mu s poly(A) site. A key feature of this regulatory phenomenon appears to be the appropriately balanced efficiencies of these two processing reactions. Consistent with predictions of the mu s site-splice model, B cells were found to contain mu m precursor RNA that had undergone the C mu 4-to-M1 splice but had not yet been polyadenylated at the mu m site.
A physical model for the gate current injection in p-channel MOSFET's (1993)

A quantitative physical model for calculating the hot-electron injection probability, I/sub G//I/sub SUB/, for both buried and surface p-channel MOSFETs is presented. The model utilizes the two-dimensional potential contours generated by PISCES, and integrates the probability of substrate hot-electron injection across the high-field region near the drain. The known phenomenon that buried-channel (BC) PMOS has higher hot-electron injection probability but lower channel field (I/sub SUB//I/sub D/) than a similar surface-channel (SC) device is successfully modeled. This phenomenon can be attributed to the larger energy band hump-up near the drain and the larger oxide field (and thus greater barrier lowering) at a given bias condition for the buried-channel device. The I/sub G/ characteristics can be obtained from the calculated I/sub G//I/sub SUB/ ratio, using readily available I/sub SUB/ values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The predictive performance of infusion strategy nomogram based on fluid kinetic model (2013)

Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Dept of Anaesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
The Gene Balance Hypothesis: Dosage Effects in Plants (2014)

The concept of genomic balance traces to the early days of genetics. In recent years, studies of gene expression have found parallels to the classical phenotypic studies in that aneuploid changes have greater effects than whole genome changes. This has an explanation in terms of potential stoichiometric imbalances of the gene products encoded in the aneuploid regions. Studies of transcriptional factor mutations indicated that they tend to be haplo-insufficient as heterozygotes. Molecular evolution studies found that genes encoding members of macromolecular complexes were preferentially retained following polyploidy and underrepresented in copy number variants. In this review chapter, we synthesize these observations under the rubric of the Gene Balance Hypothesis.
Visual detection of the human metapneumovirus using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye (2012)

Compared with conventional RT-PCR, the visual hMPV RT-LAMP assay performed well in the aspect of detect time, sensitivity, specificity and visibility. It is anticipated that the RT-LAMP will be used for clinical tests in hospital or field testing during outbreaks and in emergency.
Forecasting Hourly Electricity Demand Using Time-Varying Splines (1993)

Abstract A method for modeling a changing periodic pattern is developed. The use of time-varying splines enables this to be done relatively parsimoniously. The method is applied in a model used to forecast hourly electricity demand, with the periodic movements being intradaily or intraweekly. The full model contains other components, including a temperature response, which is also modeled using splines. Key Words: Cubic splinesForecastingKalman filterLoad curveNonlinear regressionSeasonalityStructural time series model
Adaptive type II hybrid ARQ scheme using zigzagcode (1999)

The authors propose a new hybrid type II ARQ scheme based on the simple multidimensional concatenated zigzag code. Owing to the fact that the error-correcting capability of zigzag codes is far better than that of conventional convolutional codes, the throughput of our scheme is better than existing hybrid ARQ schemes.
Role of the Bordetella pertussis P.69/pertactin protein and the P.69/pertactin RGD motif in the adherence to and invasion of mammalian cells (1996)

The role of the Bordetella pertussis P.69/pertactin protein in mammalian cell adhesion and invasion was investigated. Salmonella strains expressing surface-associated P.69/pertactin from a chromosomally located prn gene were significantly more invasive than isogenic parental strains. This effect was most pronounced in the poorly invasive, semi-rough S. typhimurium strain LB5010. Escherichia coli K-12 strain HB101 harbouring the plasmid p41869D, which encodes the full-length prn gene under the control of the tac promoter on the broad-host-range plasmid pMMB66EH, was significantly more adhesive to HEp-2 and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells growing in culture than E. coli HB101(pMMB66EH). However, the ability of E. coli to invade mammalian cells was not affected by P.69/pertactin expression. P.69/pertactin-mediated adhesiveness of HB101 to HEp-2 and CHO cells was not influenced by the viability of the bacterial cells. However, adherence was markedly reduced when assays were performed for less than 3 h, at 4 degrees C or in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting the active participation of the eukaryotic cell in bacterial adhesion. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to mutate Asp to Glu in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD-->RGE) sequence present in mature P.69/pertactin and the mutated gene was cloned in the same broad-host-range vector (plasmid p41869E). This mutation had no detectable influence on the ability of P.69/pertactin to mediate adhesion of HB101 to HEp-2 or CHO cells. Plasmids p41869D and p41869E were introduced into the bvg-negative B. pertussis strain BP347. Expression of P.69RGD or P.69RGE did not enhance the adhesiveness of BP347 for epithelial (HEp-2 and CHO) cells.
Histological fibrosis may predict the failure of core decompression in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (2017)

The extension of fibrosis on specimens from biopsies in ONFH is a predictor of the outcome of the CD, therefore it may be considered a prognostic variable. However, it did not correlate with any risk factor. Different ONFH risk factors background did not correlate with specific histological patterns.
Abstract #5529: Multidrug resistance in small cell lung cancer cell lines (2009)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer that does not respond well to surgery alone or radiotherapy alone. The standard treatment of SCLC is the administration of anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and etoposide, along with thoracic radiotherapy. Although there is a good initial response to chemotherapy, most SCLC patients develop multidrug resistance (MDR) that is responsible for relapse. Thus, virtually no curative treatment for SCLC exists so far, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Since development of MDR in SCLC patients is responsible for chemotherapeutic treatment failure, understanding the mechanisms of MDR in SCLC is an important step to treat the SCLC patients. In order to achieve this goal, two SCLC cell lines, H69 and H69AR, were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MDR in these cells. H69 is a drug sensitive SCLC cell line derived from an SCLC patient. Upon stepwise treatment with increasing concentration of doxorubicin, the surviving cells, termed H69AR, are resistant to many anti-cancer drugs, providing a great opportunity to study the mechanisms of MDR in SCLC cells. We have found that 27 out of 84 genes potentially involved in MDR, including MRP1 and Bcl2, out of 84 genes potentially involved in MDR were over-expressed in H69AR cell, comparing to H69 cell. All of these 27 factors may contribute to the MDR in H69AR cell. Interestingly, treatment of H69AR cell with Bcl2/RNAi not only knocked-down the expression of Bcl2 but also MRP1, resulting in the Bcl2/RNAi treated H69AR cells being more sensitive to anticancer drugs than the parental H69AR cell. Whether the Bcl2/RNAi-treatment will also knock-down the expressions of other MDR-related genes is not known yet and will be determined. If a factor, for example, EGFR or GSTP1, is still over-expressed in these Bcl2/RNAi-treated H69AR cells, their specific inhibitors, such as gefitinib or ethacrynic acid, will be utilized along with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and etoposide. One way or another, we will attempt to overcome the drug resistance in this SCLC MDR cancer cell line. Insights gained from these studies may provide a novel approach to combat MDR in SCLC patients. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5529.
Begging the question against phenomenal consciousness (1992)

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A New Indeterminate Stromatal Type in Petromyces (1985)

A new species of Petromyces, characterized by irregularly-shaped, indeterminately-growing stremata, is described. The anamorph of P. albertensis is very similar to Aspergillus alliaceus and is recognized as the new species A. albertensis.