gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral priors improve near-infrared diffuse tomography more than spatial priors (2005)

We compare the benefits of spatial and spectral priors in near-infrared diffuse tomography image reconstruction. Although previous studies that incorporated anatomical spatial priors have shown improvement in algorithm convergence and resolution, our results indicate that functional parameter quantification by this approach can be suboptimal. The incorporation of a priori spectral information significantly improves the accuracy observed in recovered images. Specifically, phantom results show that the maximum total hemoglobin concentration ([Hb(T)]) in a region of heterogeneity reached 91% of the true value compared to 63% using spatial priors. The combination of both priors produced results accurate to 98% of the true [Hb(T)]. When both spatial and spectral priors were applied in a healthy volunteer, glandular tissue showed a higher [Hb(T)], water fraction, and scattering power compared to adipose tissue.
Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in conventional dosage on glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes. (1983)

Larger-than-conventional doses of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to lower plasma glucose levels. This phenomenon has raised the questions whether or not NSAIDs in conventional dosage can be used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and whether or not NSAIDs added to preexistent hypoglycemic drug therapy taken orally may lead to unanticipated hypoglycemia. In this study we evaluated aspirin, sodium salicylate and ibuprofen given in conventional dosage to hyperglycemic patients with adult-onset (type II) diabetes. Half the patients were usually treated for hyperglycemia by means of diet only and half with diet plus hypoglycemic drugs given orally. Significant changes in plasma glucose levels were not seen after the administration of a combination drug containing aspirin and magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (Ascriptin, 650 mg three times a day; glucose change = 236+/-30 to 236+/-31 mg per dl) or sodium salicylate (600 mg three times a day; glucose change=284+/-76 to 273+/-84 mg per dl). A statistically significant but small change was seen with the administration of ibuprofen (600 mg three times a day; glucose change=196+/-60 to 179+/-47 mg per dl) but not when giving ibuprofen (300 mg three times a day; glucose change=267+/-78 to 282+/-60 mg per dl). The results of this study indicate that conventional doses of NSAIDs should not be used for treating hyperglycemia and that, since the additive hypoglycemic effect of NSAIDs in conventional doses was minimal or negligible, they can be used safely for other purposes in diabetic patients taking hypoglycemic drugs orally.
Himawari-8-derived diurnal variations in ground-level PM 2.5 pollution across China using the fast space-time Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) (2021)

Abstract. Fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has been used as an important atmospheric environmental parameter mainly because of its impact on human health. PM2.5 is affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors that usually have strong diurnal variations. Such information helps toward understanding the causes of air pollution, as well as our adaptation to it. Most existing PM2.5 products have been derived from polar-orbiting satellites. This study exploits the use of the next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite Himawari-8/AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) to document the diurnal variation in PM2.5. Given the huge volume of satellite data, based on the idea of gradient boosting, a highly efficient tree-based Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) method by involving the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution, namely the space-time LightGBM (STLG) model, is developed. An hourly PM2.5 dataset for China (i.e., ChinaHighPM2.5) at a 5 km spatial resolution is derived based on Himawari-8/AHI aerosol products with additional environmental variables. Hourly PM2.5 estimates (number of data samples = 1 415 188) are well correlated with ground measurements in China (cross-validation coefficient of determination, CV-R2 = 0.85), with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 13.62 and 8.49 µg m−3, respectively. Our model captures well the PM2.5 diurnal variations showing that pollution increases gradually in the morning, reaching a peak at about 10:00 LT (GMT+8), then decreases steadily until sunset. The proposed approach outperforms most traditional statistical regression and tree-based machine-learning models with a much lower computational burden in terms of speed and memory, making it most suitable for routine pollution monitoring.
Optimal restoration of multiple signals in quaternion algebra (2020)

This paper offers a new multiple signal restoration tool to solve the inverse problem, when signals are convoluted with a multiple impulse response and then degraded by an additive noise signal with multiple components. Inverse problems arise practically in all areas of science and engineering and refers to as methods of estimating data/parameters, in our case of multiple signals that cannot directly be observed. The presented tool is based on the mapping multiple signals into the quaternion domain, and then solving the inverse problem. Due to the non-commutativity of quaternion arithmetic, it is difficult to find the optimal filter in the frequency domain for degraded quaternion signals. As an alternative, we introduce an optimal filter by using special 4×4 matrices on the discrete Fourier transforms of signal components, at each frequency point. The optimality of the solution is with respect to the mean-square-root error, as in the classical theory of the signal restoration by the Wiener filter. The Illustrative example of optimal filtration of multiple degraded signals in the quaternion domain is given. The computer simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A discrete shear lag model of the mechanics of hitchhiker plants, and its prospective application to tendon-to-bone repair (2023)

Tendon-to-bone repairs often fail when sutures pull through tendon, like a wire through cheese. Repair strength is maximized when loads are balanced equally among all sutures, relative to the pullout resistance of the tendon and the strength of the sutures. This problem of balancing loads across multiple, discrete attachment sites has been solved in nature by hitchhiker plants that proliferate by adhering relatively stiff fruit to relatively soft fur and fabrics through arrays of hooks. We, therefore, studied the fruits of such a plant, Harpagonella palmeri , and developed a discrete shear lag analysis of the force distributions in H. palmeri 's linear arrays of long, slender hooks of varied lengths and spacing. Results suggested that strategies were used by the plant to distribute loads, including variations in the spacing and stiffnesses of hooks that serve to equalize forces over attachment sites. When applying these models to suturing schemes for surgical reattachment of tendon to bone, results suggested that strategies exhibited by H. palmeri show promise for balancing forces over sutures, potentially doubling repair strength relative to what could be achieved with a uniform suture distribution. Results suggest a potential pathway for strengthening surgical repairs, and more broadly for optimizing fasteners for bi-material attachment.
OBSERVATIONS ON FREE‐LIVING TREBOUXIA DE PUYMALYAND PSEUDOTREBOUXIA ARCHIBALD, AND EVIDENCE THAT BOTH SYMBIONTS FROM XANTHORIA PARIETINA (L.) TH. FR. CAN BE FOUND FREE‐LIVING IN NATURE (1984)

S ummary The presence of free‐living Trebouxia and/or Pseudotrebouxia is documented. Several free‐living phycobionts were brought into culture and compared to the cultured Xanthoria parietina phycobiont. With the aid of both morphological and immunological criteria, we provide evidence that both the mycobiont and phycobiont of X. parietina can be found free‐living in nature. The potential for resynthesis between bionts under natural conditions is discussed.
In vitro evidence for a new therapeutic approach in renal cell carcinoma (2008)

In this study we describe a new potential therapeutic approach to obtain considerable future benefits in renal carcinoma cure and attempt to establish a new possible pharmacological therapy based on oral drugs administration in renal RCC treatment.
Fundamental Research on a Rational Steelmaking Slag Recycling System by Phosphorus Separation and Collection (2013)

Recently, reduction of the steelmaking slag stock in Japan has been required, but utilization of steelmaking slag is restricted due to its chemical properties. On the other hand, the price of phosphorus ore is increasing rapidly due to the very tight supply/demand balance worldwide. In this work, (FetO) and (P2O5) reduction in steelmaking slag and recovery as a phosphorus source were investigated in feasibility studies and laboratory-scale experiments in order to develop a rational recycling process for steelmaking slag. The results are summarized as follows: (a) Steelmaking slag was reduced by carbon under high temperature conditions (1373–1873 K), and high-P hot metal was recovered. The phosphorus content of the reduced slag was <0.3 mass%. (b) Higher temperatures were required for slag reduction with carbon, corresponding to increasing slag basicity. (c) The oxygen partial pressure calculated from the FeO content ranged from 10−13 to 10−17 atm. More than 50 mass% of phosphorus in the slag can be removed under the condition that FeO activity is less than 0.01. (d) From the mass balance of phosphorus, 0–30 mass% of undefined phosphorus was observed, which was estimated by thermodynamic calculations and SEM-EPMA analysis to be caused by gaseous dephosphorization. (e) The gaseous dephosphorization ratio becomes more than 10% at the condition of log LP ≤ 0. (f) Phosphorus was enriched in slag to higher than 30 mass% P2O5 by dephosphorization of high-P (1.05 mass%) hot metal.
Contribution de la saisie tridimensionnelle à l'étude de l'art pariétal et de son contexte physique (2005)

Any analysis of painted, drawn or engraved marks in prehistoric caves and shelters is materialised, among other things, by a graphic rendering of the motifs observed, i.e. a recording or survey. Methods used for this activity evolve continuously, not only for reasons motivated by research but also due to the appearance of ever-more effective recording materials and equipment. At present, the abandoning of methods of transferring data on to a transparent support and their replacement by photography implies a much stricter taking into consideration of the morphology of cavity walls in order to present the survey's metrical characteristics. In view of this, we had developed specific equipment based on the principal of luminous profiles while, over the past ten years, 3D laser sensors have appeared which are capable of generating very high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs), with a high density of points. The joint use of these measuring instruments and of a camera leads to a remarkable evolution in the graphic rendering of data related to parietal anthropogenic marks, but also to their physical environment. This three-dimensional approach to underground archaeological surroundings, experimented with as early as 1994 in the cave ofVielmouly in the Dordogne, has been applied to most of the panels of the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc site. In addition, a field accessible to other scientific disciplines such as palaeontology, ichnology or karstology has also emerged. This application is also effective in the conservation domain as it provides, among other things, the possibility of modelling the space or area involved to allow digital simulations of air exchanges in order to improve knowledge regarding underground climatology.
PUMA screening tool to detect COPD in high-risk patients in Chinese primary care–A validation study (2022)

The early stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not easily recognized. Screening tools can help to identify high-risk patients in primary care settings for spirometry and may be helpful in the early detection in COPD and management. This study aims to validate the PUMA questionnaire for use in Chinese primary care settings. This cross-sectional study recruited participants (≥40 years old, current or former smoker with ≥10 packs of cigarette per year) in primary health care clinics in Hong Kong. The Chinese version of the PUMA questionnaire was administered by trained research staff to participants awaiting consultation. COPD diagnosis was confirmed by spirometry (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70). A total 377 patients were recruited of which 373 completed the spirometry. The percentage of participants diagnosed with COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70) was 27.1%. A higher PUMA score was more likely to have an advanced stage of GOLD classification (P = 0.013). The area under the ROC curve of the PUMA score was 0.753 (95%CI 0.698-0.807). The best cut-point according to Youden's index for PUMA score was ≥6 with sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 63.3% and negative predictive value (NPV) 63.3%. A cut-off point of PUMA score ≥5 was selected due to higher sensitivity of 91.2%, specificity of 42.6% and high NPV of 92.7%. PUMA score performed better than CDQ and COPD-PS in the area under the ROC curve (0.753 versus 0.658 and 0.612 respectively), had higher sensitivity than COPD-PS (91.2% versus 61%) and had higher specificity than CDQ (42.6% versus 13.1%). The use of PUMA as a screening tool was feasible in Chinese primary care and can be conducted by trained staff and health professionals. The validation results showed high sensitivity and high NPV to identify high risk patient with COPD at cut-off point of ≥5. It can be useful for early detection and management of COPD.
Supported molybdenum oxides as effective catalysts for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (2016)

Supported MoO<sub>3</sub>catalysts are effective catalytic fast pyrolysis catalysts that can generate<italic>ca.</italic>30 C% hydrocarbons, including aromatics, olefins, and paraffins from pine.
X-Ray Intergranular Stresses Analysis in a Cast Duplex Stainless Steel (2000)

Polycrystalline approaches are more and more used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of material with the interest to take into account the mechanical properties of the material constituants. In this case; for a better understanding of the polycrystalline material mechanical response, mesoscopic and microscopic parameters must be clearly identified. Our purpose is also to characterise the mechanical behaviour of a cast duplex stainless steel, containing 30% ferrite and 70% austenite, using X-ray diffraction. The mechanical state can be determined using X-ray diffraction technique which enables to measure strains in each phase separately. The measurements are performed at the grain scale because the studied material exhibits coarse grains of up to one millimeter. In this case, only few crystals are irradiated by the incident X-ray beam and the classical sin 2 ψ method for stress determination can not be applied to this material. An adaptation of the single crystal measurement method to large grains materials is used Stresses so determined correspond to second order stresses. The measurement in each phase has successfully been applied to follow the stress state evolution during an in-situ tensile test. Several grains, with different crystallographic orientations were studied. For each one, the stress tensor was determined in the two phases under different macroscopic loading in elastic and plastic domains, different A modelling of the mechanical single crystal behaviour is developed and our pourpose is to identify the parameters of the single crystal behaviour law using X-ray single crystal stress analysis during in situ tensile test.
Impact of Wettability and Gravity on Fluid Displacement and Trapping in Representative 2D Micromodels of Porous Media (2D Sand Analogs) (2021)

Abstract The combined effects of gravitational forces and wettability on displacement and trapping have not previously been investigated experimentally in realistic 2D porous media. Here we report the first use of representative 2D micromodels that accurately reproduce characteristic geometric, morphological, and topological properties of 3D sand packs. We use these representative micromodels to compare the wettability dependence of displacement front morphology and trapping processes using selected fluid pairs at capillary numbers between 10 −6 and 10 −5 . The contact angles studied ranged from 30° ( normal imbibition) to 150° (strong drainage). The impact of gravity was dramatic: In the horizontal flow case, only one finger developed, that is longitudinal displacement was always favored, whereas gravity created a more compact displacement front with broad lateral extension, and this lateral movement created loops, leading to by‐pass trapping. As a result, the trapping efficiency rose from 7% to 29%. We observed universal scaling of the cluster size distribution demonstrating that our micromodels are statistically representative. The universal 2D‐scaling exponent of 2.05 was obtained with an acceptable error smaller than 5%. Our experimental results obtained by fluorescence microscopy showed (a) precursor corner flow for weak imbibition at θ = 51°, that is above the critical contact angle of α c = 45° (Zhao et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603387113 ), and (b) a new wetting transition from corner flow to full duct flow under neutral wettability conditions, that is at θ c ≈ 90°; and (c) above this second critical contact angle, that is under strong drainage conditions, we again observed corner flow (specifically, core‐annular flow ).
Designing Effective Sandstone Acidizing Treatments Through Geochemical Modeling (2000)

Summary This work reports on the application of a complex kinetic geochemical model to explore key issues in sandstone acidizing.1 The issues include the importance of the minerals initially present, the consequences of mineral precipitation, and the effect of acid formulation and injection rate. The model's capabilities exceed those of its predecessors that have greatly simplified the reaction chemistry or have ignored kinetics altogether. No assumptions were made as to the nature of precipitation that could ensue; all potential precipitates were considered. An important advance is the use of a new permeability prediction model taken from the work of Panda and Lake.2 This model relates the permeability of a permeable medium to the porosity, grain size distribution and the amounts and identities of all detrital minerals present. Coupled with the reaction chemistry, this model allows predictions that are relevant for specific treatments. The use of this model also gives quite realistic productivity improvement predictions. We study three cases of generic mineral assemblages: high quartz, high clay, and high feldspar. Model results indicate that the precipitation of reaction products is both inevitable and substantial. Hence, the optimal matrix stimulation is a compromise between maximizing the dissolution of the damaging minerals and minimizing secondary precipitation. Given such competitive effects, our results indicate that high rate stimulations tend to give the largest productivity improvements even though these usually do not cause the largest removal of damaging minerals.
Video filtering with Fermat number theoretic transforms using residue number system (2005)

We investigate image and video convolutions based on Fermat number transform (FNT) modulo q=2/sup M/+1 where M is an integer power of two. These transforms are found to be ideal for image convolutions, except that the choices for the word length, restricted by the transform modulus, are rather limited. We discuss two methods to overcome this limitation. First, we allow M to be an arbitrary integer. This gives much wider variety in possible moduli, at the cost of decreased transform length of 16 or 32 points for M<32. Nevertheless, the transform length appears still to be useful especially with block-based image and video filtering applications. We call these transforms the generalized FNT (GFNT). The second solution is to use a residue number system (RNS) to enlarge the effective modulus, while performing actual number theoretic transforms with smaller moduli. This approach appears to be particularly useful with moduli q/sub 1/=2/sup 16/+1 and q/sub 2/=2/sup 8/+1, which allow transforms up to 256 points with a dynamic range of about 24 bits. We design an efficient reconstruction circuit based on mixed radix conversion for converting the result from diminished-1 RNS into normal binary code. The circuit is implemented in VHDL and found to be very small in area. We also discuss the necessary steps in performing convolutions with the GFNT and evaluate the integrated circuit implementation cost for various elementary operations.
ISLET ALLOGRAFT FUNCTION IN DIABETIC NON-HUMAN PRIMATES TREATED WITH HUMANIZED ANTI-CD154(5C8) (1998)

163 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of anti-CD154 therapy for induction of allograft acceptance in 3 non-human primate (NHP) models of islet transplantation, including rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fasicularis) monkeys and baboons (Papio hamadryas). Male and female NHP (1.5-2 years old) were used as recipients and were screened in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) assays to identify donor-recipient pairs with MLC stimulation indices of 10.0 or greater. For the baboon model, 4-10 year old, 20 kg donors were available, whereas, smaller donors (1.5-2 years old) were used for the preliminary rhesus and cynomolgus monkey studies. Donor islets were isolated and cultured overnight, and a minimum of 10,000 IEQ/kg was transplanted on day 0. Fasting blood and/or plasma glucose levels were monitored daily. In the absence of adequate immunosuppression, rejection, as evidenced by fasting hyperglycemia, occurred between 8-10 days post-ICT; diabetic animals of all species required >5 u/kg/day of exogenous insulin. In the absence of islet function, it was impossible to normalize metabolic control; in fact, in order to maintain the glucose levels below 200 mg/dl, hypoglycemia was a common event. Treatment with humanized anti-CD154 (5c8), induction therapy on days -1, 0, 3, and 10 and maintenance therapy every 28 days (starting on POD 28) resulted in insulin independence in one rhesus (macaca mulatta) monkey (POD 37) and partial graft function in both rhesus (n=4, POD 72, 30, 28, 28) and cynomolgus (macaca fasicularis) monkeys (n=1, POD 70). Partial graft function was defined as normalized metabolic control in the setting of reduced dosages of exogenous insulin, with function ranging from excellent (0.5-1.5 u/kg/day) to good (1.5-2.5 u/kg/day). We are currently working to improve functional islet yield by optimizing donor selection (i.e., age 2 or greater, 9-10 kg) in these models. Using a similar protocol, efficacy has also been observed in a baboon model. Metabolic testing, via intravenous glucose tolerance testing, revealed maintenance of first phase insulin release (FPIR) at pre-pancreatectomy levels in animals placed on maintenance therapy (n=2, POD 170, one sacrificed at POD 162), as compared to a decrease in FPIR with each episode of rejection for animals given induction plus anti-rejection therapy (n=4, POD 167, 218, 218, and one sacrificed at POD 79). Based on the critical function of the CD40:CD154 pathway in inflammation and immunity, anti-CD154 therapy has the potential to prevent rejection, primary non-function, and recurrence of autoimmunity and may prove to be a powerful agent for clinical islet transplantation.
Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in preclinical strokemodels: a systematic review and meta-analysisTherapeutic potential ofextracellular vesicles in preclinical stroke models: a systematic review andmeta-analysis (2020)

CRD42019134925.