gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contributions to Large-scale Learning for Image Classification (2014)

La construction d'algorithmes classifiant des images à grande échelle est devenue une t^ache essentielle du fait de la difficulté d'effectuer des recherches dans les immenses collections de données visuelles non-etiquetées présentes sur Internet. L'objetif est de classifier des images en fonction de leur contenu pour simplifier la gestion de telles bases de données. La classification d'images à grande échelle est un problème complexe, de par l'importance de la taille des ensembles de données, tant en nombre d'images qu'en nombre de classes. Certaines de ces classes sont dites "fine-grained" (sémantiquement proches les unes des autres) et peuvent même ne contenir aucun représentant étiqueté. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons des représentations à l'état de l'art d'images et nous concentrons sur des méthodes d'apprentissage efficaces. Nos contributions sont (1) un banc d'essai d'algorithmes d'apprentissage pour la classification à grande échelle et (2) un nouvel algorithme basé sur l'incorporation d'étiquettes pour apprendre sur des données peu abondantes. En premier lieu, nous introduisons un banc d'essai d'algorithmes d'apprentissage pour la classification à grande échelle, dans un cadre entièrement supervisé. Il compare plusieurs fonctions objectifs pour apprendre des classifieurs linéaires, tels que "un contre tous", "multiclasse", "classement", "classement avec pondération" par descente de gradient stochastique. Ce banc d'essai se conclut en un ensemble de recommandations pour la classification à grande échelle. Avec une simple repondération des données, la stratégie "un contre tous" donne des performances meilleures que toutes les autres. Par ailleurs, en apprentissage en ligne, un pas d'apprentissage assez petit s'avère suffisant pour obtenir des résultats au niveau de l'état de l'art. Enfin, l'arrêt prématuré de la descente de gradient stochastique introduit une régularisation qui améliore la vitesse d'entraînement ainsi que la capacité de régularisation. Deuxièmement, face à des milliers de classes, il est parfois difficile de rassembler suffisamment de données d'entraînement pour chacune des classes. En particulier, certaines classes peuvent être entièrement dénuées d'exemples. En conséquence, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme adapté à ce scénario d'apprentissage dit "zero-shot". Notre algorithme utilise des données parallèles, comme les attributs, pour incorporer les classes dans un espace euclidien. Nous introduisons par ailleurs une fonction pour mesurer la compatibilité entre image et étiquette. Les paramètres de cette fonction sont appris en utilisant un objectif de type "ranking". Notre algorithme dépasse l'état de l'art pour l'apprentissage "zero-shot", et fait preuve d'une grande flexibilité en permettant d'incorporer d'autres sources d'information parallèle, comme des hiérarchies. Il permet en outre une transition sans heurt du cas "zero-shot" au cas où peu d'exemples sont disponibles.
Spray Coating Deposition of Thin Resist Film on Fiber Substrates (2012)

In this work, we present extensive investigations on the spray coating process of fiber substrates for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications by using a newly developed spray-coating system. We have examined major parameters of the spray-coating process including the real-time heating treatment, the concentration of the thinner solvent, the nozzle/substrate distance, and the diameter and rotation speed of the fiber substrate. It was found that the spray-coating process of the fibers was dependent on their diameters. When the fiber diameter was 300 µm or larger, the spray-coating process was similar to those of conventional semiconductor wafers. For example, the resist film became thinner with either a larger diameter or a higher rotation speed of the fiber substrate because of the larger centrifugal force. When the fiber diameter was 125 µm, the spray-coating process exhibited different behavior. For example, the spreading of spray droplets was good and the whole surface of the fiber substrate was almost covered by resist film even without the substrate rotation. The real-time heating treatment also played a significant role during the spray-coating process of the 125-µm-diameter fiber. The spray-deposited film became even thicker with the increasing concentration of the thinner solvent, which mainly resulted from the fact that the fiber had a low heat capacity and a high-topography surface.
Longitudinal assessment of treatment effects on pulmonary ventilation using 1H/3He MRI multivariate templates (2013)

The utitlity of pulmonary functional imaging techniques, such as hyperpolarized 3He MRI, has encouraged their inclusion in research studies for longitudinal assessment of disease progression and the study of treatment effects. We present methodology for performing voxelwise statistical analysis of ventilation maps derived from hyper­ polarized 3He MRI which incorporates multivariate template construction using simultaneous acquisition of IH and 3He images. Additional processing steps include intensity normalization, bias correction, 4-D longitudinal segmentation, and generation of expected ventilation maps prior to voxelwise regression analysis. Analysis is demonstrated on a cohort of eight individuals with diagnosed cystic fibrosis (CF) undergoing treatment imaged five times every two weeks with a prescribed treatment schedule.
Adsorption of CO2 on Molecular Sieves and Activated Carbon (2001)

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) are some of the potential techniques that could be applicable for removal of CO2 from high-pressure fuel gas streams. Molecular sieves and activated carbons are some of the sorbents that could be utilized in the PSA process. Volumetric adsorption studies of CO2, N2, or H2 on molecular sieve 13X, molecular sieve 4A, and activated carbon were conducted at 25 °C up to a pressure of 300 psi (∼2× 106 Pa). Preferential adsorption of CO2 was observed with all three sorbents. The adsorption capacity of CO2 for molecular sieve 13X was higher than that for molecular sieve 4A at all pressures up to 300 psi. At low pressures (<25 psi) the adsorption capacity for CO2 of activated carbon was lower than that of molecular sieve 13X, but at higher pressures (>25 psi) activated carbon exhibited significantly higher CO2 capacities than were found for molecular sieves. Competitive adsorption of CO2 from gas mixtures also indicated that both molecular sieve 13X and activated carbon can be utilized for separation of CO2 from gas mixtures.
The transport properties of Dirac fermions in chemical vapour-deposited single-layer graphene (2016)

The electronic transport properties of Dirac fermions in chemical vapour-deposited single-layer epitaxial graphene on anSiO2/Si substrate have been investigated using the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations technique. The magnetoresistance measurements were performed in the temperature range between 1.8 and 43 K and at magnetic fields up to 11 T. The 2D carrier density and the Fermi energy have been determined from the period of the SdH oscillations. In addition, the in-plane effective mass as well as the quantum lifetime of 2D carriers have been calculated from the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the SdH oscillation amplitude. The sheet carrier density (1.42 × 1013 cm−2 at 1.8 K), obtained from the low-field Hall Effect measurements, is larger than that of 2D carrier density (8.13 × 1012 cm−2). On the other hand, the magnetoresistance includes strong magnetic field dependent positive, non-oscillatory background magnetoresistance. The strong magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance and the differences between sheet carrier and 2D carrier density can be attributed to the 3D carriers between the graphene sheet and the SiO2/Si substrate.
Design of Forming Processes: Sheet Metal Forming (2019)

This article addresses sheet metal deformations processes and are classified as secondary processing methodologies. Sheet metal forming processes are further classified as processes with: compressive stresses, tensile stresses, compressive and tensile stresses, bending, and shear. Additional discussion on sheet metal processing includes: process metallurgy and microstructure, process design, processing parameters, prevention of failures, formability and testing, and modeling.
Adaptive Perceptual Learning in Electrocardiography: The Synergy of Passive and Active Classification. (2015)

Recent research suggests that combining adaptive learning algorithms with perceptual learning (PL) methods can accelerate perceptual classification learning in complex domains (e.g., Mettler & Kellman, 2014). We hypothesized that passive presentation of category exemplars might act synergistically with active adaptive learning to further enhance PL. Passive presentation and active adaptive methods were applied to PL and transfer in a complex real-world domain. Undergraduates learned to interpret real electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings by either: (1) making active classifications and receiving feedback, (2) studying passive presentations of correct classifications, or (3) learning with a combination of initial passive presentations followed by active classification. All conditions showed strong transfer to novel ECGs at posttest and after a one-week delay. Most notably, the combined passive-active condition proved the most effective, efficient, and enjoyable. These results help illuminate the processes by which PL advances and have direct implications for perceptual and adaptive learning technology.
Assessment of Allelopathic water stress of Parthenium on weed density and initial growth of maize hybrid (FS-151) using sigmoid growth model (2022)

Parthenium is an invasive weed and has adverse effect on agriculture, biodiversity and human health in our ecosystem. This experiment was carried out to find the allelopathic water stress of parthenium effect on maize growth dynamics using 3 sigmoidal growth model. Soil was collected from weed infested field. Allelopathic water stress (AWS) greatly reduced weed density as compared to control. Allelopathic water stress of parthenium at higher concentration (PWS-100%) reduced maize germination and affect chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass. As at lower concentration (AWS-25% and 50%) enhance maize growth parameters. This study revealed that allelopathic water stress of parthenium at lower concentration increase maize growth and decrease a weed density up to minimum level.
Multi-Lane Detection via Multi-Task Network in Various Road Scenes (2018)

Lane detection is one of the most important technologies in the autonomous driving system. Conventional road segmentation-based or lane marking-based lane detection methods may fail in various complex scenes. To address the problem of lane detection in various road scenes, this paper proposes a multitask based approach. The approach simultaneously segments road and lane marking instances. The branches of the two tasks share the same encoder but employ different decoder. In order to train the network with different datasets, this paper devises a training strategy to make sure only one branch can be trained per iteration. Finally, a fusion algorithm is presented to fuse the results from road segmentation and lane marking instances segmentation. The multi-lane (ego-lane, left and right adjacent lanes) detection results are obtained. Tested with Cityscapes and TuSimple dataset, the accuracy of lane detection is satisfied for the road scenes with the lanes number from zero up to four. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is accurate and robust for various road scenes.
Responsiveness of emulsions stabilized by lactoferrin nano-particles to simulated intestinal conditions (2013)

There is an upsurge of interest in the use of nano-particles to fabricate emulsions and modulate their functionality, with particular emphasis on modulating emulsion digestive fate. Food grade nano-particles formed through controlled processing and electrostatic biopolymer interactions are yet to be systematically studied for their ability to stabilize emulsions and modulate emulsion digestibility. This study focused on the responsiveness of emulsions stabilized by lactoferrin (LF) nano-particles (NPs) and dietary fibers to key digestive parameters. Compared to native LF, LF-NPs comprised emulsion exhibited elevated creaming rates as evident from accelerated stability tests performed by analytical centrifugation. The electrostatic deposition of alginate or carrageenan onto the LF-NPs significantly improved the stability of the corresponding emulsions. Further, the use of various nano-particles showed to have both beneficial and deleterious effects on emulsion responsiveness to pH (2.0 < pH < 10.0), CaCl2 (0-40 mM) and bile (0-25 mg mL(-1)). Simulated pH-stat lipolysis experiments show that the use of LF or LF-NPs had no marked effect on lipolysis. Intriguingly, the use of LF-NPs and alginate reduced emulsion lipolysis by 14% while the use of LF-NPs and carrageenan increased lipolysis by 10%. Microscopy images as well as droplet characterization in terms of size and charge indicate that the altered emulsion responsiveness may be due to physical differences in emulsion properties (e.g. droplet size) and overall organization during digestion (e.g. aggregation vs. coalescence). Overall, this study's insights could prospectively be used to harness protein nano-particles to tweak emulsion behavior during digestion.
myo-Inositol Catabolism in Bacillus subtilis (2008)

The iolABCDEFGHIJ operon of Bacillus subtilis is responsible for myo-inositol catabolism involving multiple and stepwise reactions. Previous studies demonstrated that IolG and IolE are the enzymes for the first and second reactions, namely dehydrogenation of myo-inositol to give 2-keto-myo-inositol and the subsequent dehydration to 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione. In the present studies the third reaction was shown to be the hydrolysis of 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione catalyzed by IolD to yield 5-deoxy-d-glucuronic acid. The fourth reaction was the isomerization of 5-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid by IolB to produce 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid. Next, in the fifth reaction 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid was phosphorylated by IolC kinase to yield 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate. IolR is known as the repressor controlling transcription of the iol operon. In this reaction 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate appeared to be the intermediate acting as inducer by antagonizing DNA binding of IolR. Finally, IolJ turned out to be the specific aldolase for the sixth reaction, the cleavage of 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and malonic semialdehyde. The former is a known glycolytic intermediate, and the latter was previously shown to be converted to acetyl-CoA and CO(2) by a reaction catalyzed by IolA. The net result of the inositol catabolic pathway in B. subtilis is, thus, the conversion of myo-inositol to an equimolar mixture of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, acetyl-CoA, and CO(2).
Cubby house challenge (2016)

The annual Cubby House Challenge produced a series of imaginative and engaging cubbyhouses that were auctioned to raise money for youth homelessness charity Kids Under Cover.
Triggering the Innate Antiviral Response through IRF-3 Activation (2007)

Rapid induction of type I interferon (IFN) expression is a central event in the establishment of the innate immune response against viral infection and requires the activation of multiple transcriptional proteins following engagement and signaling through Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) contributes to a first line of defense against viral infection by inducing the production of IFN-beta that in turn amplifies the IFN response and the development of antiviral activity. In murine knock-out models, the absence of IRF-3 and the closely related IRF-7 ablates IFN production and increases viral pathogenesis, thus supporting a pivotal role for IRF-3/IRF-7 in the development of the host antiviral response.
Rare earth optical temperature sensor (2000)

A new optical temperature sensor suitable for high temperatures (⩾1700 K) and harsh environments is introduced. The key component of the sensor is the rare earth material contained at the end of a sensor that is in contact with the sample being measured. The measured narrow wavelength band emission from the rare earth is used to deduce the sample temperature. A simplified relation between the temperature and measured radiation was verified experimentally. The upper temperature limit of the sensor is determined by material limits to be approximately 2000 °C. The lower limit, determined by the minimum detectable radiation, is found to be approximately 700 K. At high temperatures 1 K resolution is predicted. Also, millisecond response times are calculated.
Vorlesung am 10.01.2012, Teil 1 (2012)

Vorlesung Materialflusslehre im Wintersemester 2011/2012
Generation of Active Bovine Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) in E.coli (2010)

A synthetic gene encoding bovine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was generated, cloned into an expression vector and expressed in E.coli. The effects of altering culture and induction conditions on the nature of recombinant protein production were investigated. This led to the expression of active recombinant bovine TdT in E.coli. After purification and characterisation, the activity of the enzyme was assessed in a biological assay for apoptosis. The process described in this report enables the economical production of TdT for high throughput applications.
SMAD2 and SMAD7 Involvement in the Post-translational Regulation of Muc4 via the Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interferon-γ Pathways in Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells (2003)

Muc4/sialomucin complex (SMC) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein complex derived from a single gene that is post-translationally processed into mucin (ASGP-1) and transmembrane (ASGP-2) subunits. Muc4/SMC is tightly regulated in the rat mammary gland, low in the virgin, increased during pregnancy and lactation, and overexpressed in some aggressive mammary tumors. Investigations of primary rat mammary epithelial cells (MEC) have shown that Muc4/SMC expression is post-translationally regulated through inhibition of Muc4/SMC precursor processing by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Localization studies suggest that TGF-beta inhibition of Muc4/SMC expression is mediated through SMAD2, a TGF-beta effector that, when activated, functions as a transcription factor. SMAD2 antisense oligonucleotide blocks the inhibition of Muc4/SMC expression by TGF-beta. The TGF-beta effect on Muc4/SMC expression is repressed by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma treatment of MEC activates and relocalizes signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) to induce an inhibitor SMAD, SMAD7. SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide prevents IFN-gamma from blocking the TGF-beta inhibition of Muc4/SMC expression. These results suggest that TGF-beta regulates Muc4/SMC expression via the SMAD pathway by a transcriptional effect on a protein in the Muc4/SMC processing step, possibly the protease that cleaves the precursor.
Epidermal growth factor upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression through activation of PEA3 transcription factors. (2004)

MMP-7 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family and has been shown to be involved in early intestinal tumorigenesis. However, the factors which regulate MMP-7 gene transcription in the context of early colon cancer remain to be elucidated. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF receptor have also been demonstrated to be important in the establishment of colon adenomas. We were therefore interested in addressing the question of whether MMP-7 could be regulated by EGF and in identifying the molecular mechanisms through which this process occurs. Herein, we have demonstrated that EGF enhanced the endogenous expression of MMP-7 in a number of human colon cancer cell lines. Analysis of the MMP-7 promoter sequence reveals the presence of a number of transcription factor binding sites including ETS and AP-1 sites. Results using PEA3, ETS and AP-1 artificial promoters showed that EGF enhanced PEA3 transcription factor activity by up to 70% in comparison to non-treated cell lines. Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts from EGF stimulated cells demonstrated that there was an increase in PEA3 protein when compared to non-treated cells. In addition, using a MAPK inhibitor we have shown that EGF can mediate this increase in PEA3 transcription factors via the MAPK pathway. Using EMSA analysis we also observed that the EGF stimulated increase in PEA3 transcription factors led to increased binding to specific ETS sites within the MMP-7 promoter. These data demonstrate for the first time that EGF directly enhances MMP-7 expression via the activation of PEA3 transcription factors.
New Enzymatic Assay Using Phospholipase D to Measure Total Calcium in Serum (2005)

Various methods have been used to measure calcium in body fluids. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) is the most reliable (1), but it requires special instrumentation. The most widely used method involves colorimetric detection of calcium complexes by o -cresolphthalein complexone (o-CPC) (2)(3) or arsenazo. With the o-CPC method, reagent stability and recoveries at low concentrations are poor, and magnesium interferes in the reaction (4). Newer methods using o-CPC (5)(6)(7) or other colorimetric agents (8)(9)(10) are not entirely satisfactory.

Various enzymatic methods have been described, including methods using porcine pancreatic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) (11), phospholipase D (PL-D; EC 3.1.4.4) (12)(13), and urea amidolyase (14). The first two are based on activation of enzymes by calcium, whereas the third is based on inhibition of the enzyme by calcium. The α-amylase method is reportedly inaccurate for patients with hyperamylasemia (11), and the other 2 methods each require 2 reaction steps (12). In this report, we describe a new, simple, specific enzymatic assay based on activation of PL-D. We investigated the assay characteristics and its suitability for use in routine laboratory tests.

We obtained 126 serum samples from patients admitted to Shinshu University Hospital after receiving informed consent from the patients and approval by our institutional ethics committee.

We obtained PL-D from Streptomyces chromofuscus [ (15); Asahi Kasei Pharma], bis( p -nitrophenyl) phosphate (BPNPP) from Kanto Chemical Co., Good’s buffer from Doujin Laboratories, and SRM 915 and 909a from NIST. The reagent sets for the o-CPC and α-amylase methods were from Serotec Co. Ltd. and Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., respectively. Other reagents were analytical grade (Wako Pure Chemical).

The new method is based on increased PL-D-catalyzed hydrolysis of BPNPP by calcium ions, as follows. The p -nitrophenol released …