gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Pore Structure Characterization of Unconventional Tight Reservoirs (2019)

Abstract The global growing energy demand driving the industry attention towards unconventional oil/gas resources due to limited conventional resources. Huge reserves of unconventional makes them promising and draw the industry attention, however oil/gas is stored in micro to nano scale pores with poor connectivity. It is very essential however difficult to quantify the flow characteristics in porous media in unconventional reservoirs due to complex pore network, irregular geometry of pore throat and non-homogeneous pore size distribution. Various experimental techniques to determine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pore systems have been studied including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro/nano computed tomography (XCT), and fluid invasion (mercury injection capillary pressure and gas adsorption/desorption). The comparison analysis of results has been carried out that exhibited the ability of these techniques to get the information about the pore size distribution and limitations for different pore sizes. Best and reliable technique for characterizing the pore structures in unconventional has been identified. SEM and FE-SEM are only able to provide the qualitative parameters for pore morphology, distribution and connectivity of pores. Three-dimensional image of pore structure and network could be studied through micro-CT scan images however, its high expense and huge processing time due to observation of small region at certain resolution make its use limited. Nitrogen adsorption is only able to study the micropores in tight sandstones but it destructive nature limits its usage. Pressure controlled mercury porosimeter technique is not able to determine the microporosity directly and determine the throat. It does not provide pore throat distribution. Application of high pressure may damage the pore structure. However, this mercury injection constant pressure rate can be applied for yielding both pore sizes and capillary pressure of pore throats. Both small throat and large pore body can be investigated through this technique, but this technique has limitation in maximum injection pressure. NMR is able to provide the qualitative and quantitative delineation of pore structures features such as pore throat distribution, sizes, and pore fluid saturation, total and effective porosity, and permeability directly if supplemented with other techniques. Detailed analyses of different analytical techniques resulted that none of the technique is able to fully characterize the pore structure of unconventional tight rocks. Combination of more than one technique is the best solution for complete description and accurate determination of pore structure characteristics.
Resonance fluorescence of two-level atoms under strong bichromatic excitation (1990)

We have measured the emission spectrum of two-level-like Ba atoms driven by two strong, equal-amplitude fields with frequency separation 2\ensuremath{\delta}. The spectrum consists of a series of peaks with an essentially constant spacing \ensuremath{\delta} and alternating linewidths. These features differ qualitatively from the characteristic triplet spectrum observed in the case of strong monochromatic excitation. Certain features of the observed spectrum such as its comblike structure can be motivated in terms of the energy spectrum of atom--bichromatic-field product states. Other features, such as the alternating linewidths, require more subtle analysis.
Capsaicin‐evoked CGRP release from rat buccal mucosa: development of a model system for studying trigeminal mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation (2001)

Many of the physiological hallmarks associated with neurogenic inflammatory processes in cutaneous tissues are similarly present within orofacial structures. Such attributes include the dependence upon capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and the involvement of certain inflammatory mediators derived therein, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). However, there are also important differences between the trigeminal and spinal nervous systems, and the potential contributions of neurogenic processes to inflammatory disease within the trigeminal system have yet to be fully elucidated. We present here a model system that affords the ability to study mechanisms regulating the efferent functions of peptidergic terminals that may subserve neurogenic inflammation within the oral cavity. Freshly dissected buccal mucosa tissue from adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats was placed into chambers and superfused with oxygenated, Krebs buffer. Serial aliquots of the egressing superfusate were acquired and analysed by radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive CGRP (iCGRP). Addition of the selective excitotoxin, capsaicin (10-300 microm), to the superfusion buffer resulted in a significant, concentration-dependent increase in superfusate levels of iCGRP. Similarly, release of iCGRP from the buccal mucosa could also be evoked by a depolarizing concentration of potassium chloride (50 mm) or by the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microm). The specific, capsaicin receptor antagonist, capsazepine (300 microm), completely abolished the capsaicin-evoked release of iCGRP while having no effect whatsoever on the potassium-evoked release. Moreover, capsaicin-evoked release was dependent upon the presence of extracellular calcium ions and was significantly, though incompletely, attenuated by neonatal capsaicin denervation. Collectively, these data indicate that the evoked neurosecretion of iCGRP in response to capsaicin occurs via a vanilloid receptor-mediated, exocytotic mechanism. The model system described here should greatly facilitate future investigations designed to identify and characterize the stimuli that regulate the release of CGRP or other neurosecretory substances in isolated tissues. This system may also be used to elucidate the role of these mediators in the aetiology of inflammatory processes within the trigeminal field of innervation.
Ferritin-Conjugated Plant Agglutinins as Specific Stains for Cell Surface Saccharides (1971)

Plant agglutinins are proteins which bind to specific sugar ligands. For the ultrastructural localization of specific saccharides, we have now conjugated two different plant agglutinins with ferritin (Fer): concanavalin A (Con A), which binds specifically to sugars sterically related to D-glucose and D-mannose, and ricin (Ric), specific for sugars related to D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The conjugates Fer-Con A and Fer-Ric are prepared as follows. To a solution containing 8% Fer and 2.5% purified agglutinin in a buffer (SPB) containing 0.5M NaCl, 0.05M Na phosphate, pH 6.8, is added with stirring freshly distilled glutaraldehyde to a final concentration of 0.05%. Alkaline pH must be avoided to prevent aggregation of the agglutinins. After 45 min. at room temperature the mixture is dialyzed against SPB containing 0.1M NH 4 Cl. The Fer-agglutinins are centrifuged to remove large aggregates and finally chromatographically purified on Agarose A-1.5m (Fer-ConA) or Biogel P300 (Fer-Ric).
Multilevel flash cells and their trade-offs (2002)

In this paper we compare six different multilevel flash cells, viz., common ground, DINOR, AND, AMG, split gate and NAND. The key conclusions are that the hot electron effect lends itself better than tunneling as the multilevel programming mechanism. The common ground cell is the most suitable for multilevel flash cells. The NAND architecture is the least favorable.
Heath Monitoring of Capacitors and Supercapacitors Using the Neo-Fuzzy Neural Approach (2017)

Despite their great improvements, reliability and availability of power electronic devices always remain a focus. In safety-critical equipment, where the occurrence of faults can generate catastrophic losses, health monitoring of most critical components is absolutely needed to avoid and prevent breakdowns. In this paper, a noninvasive health monitoring method is proposed. It is based on fuzzy logic and the neural network to estimate and predict the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and the capacitance (C) of capacitors and supercapacitors (SCs). This method, based on the neo-fuzzy neuron model, performs a real-time processing (time series prediction) of the measured device impedance and the degradation data provided by accelerated ageing tests. To prove the efficiency of the proposed method, two experiments are performed. The first one is dedicated to the estimation of the ESR and C for a set of 8 polymer film capacitors, while the second one is dedicated to the prediction of the ESR and C for a set of 18 SCs. The obtained results show that combining fuzzy logic and the neural network is an accurate approach for the health monitoring of capacitors and SCs.
Synthesis and thermal behavior of polymeric precursors for SiBCN ceramic (2010)

Abstract Polyborosilazanes (PBSZs) were synthesized by co‐ammonolysis of 2,4,6‐trichloroborazine and dichloromethylsilane and used as precursors for SiBCN ceramics. The pyrolyzed products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoeletron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated the content of B or Si plays an important role in controlling the high temperature behavior of the precursors. The resistance of the ceramics, which were obtained from pyrolysis of PBSZs at 1500°C, toward oxidative attack up to 1000°C was also investigated by TGA and SEM/EDX. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Reliability analysis of single-phase PV inverters with reactive power injection at night considering mission profiles (2015)

The widespread adoption of mixed renewables urgently require reactive power exchange at various feed-in points of the utility grid. Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are able to provide reactive power in a decentralized manner at the grid-connection points even outside active power feed-in operation, especially at night when there is no solar irradiance. This serves as a motivation for utilizing the PV inverters at night for reactive power compensation. Thus, an analysis on the impact of reactive power injection by PV inverters outside feed-in operation on the thermal performance and the reliability has been performed in this paper. A thermal analysis is incorporated to determine the additional temperature rise in the power switching components outside the feed-in operation. This analysis enables the translation from long-term mission profiles (three different mission profiles) to device thermal loading, considering the operation outside active feed-in hours. An analytical lifetime model is then employed for lifetime quantization based on the Palgrem Miner rule. Thereafter, considering the lifetime reduction of the PV inverter under different mission profiles with reactive power injection at night, the impact of PV sites on the economic value of the inverter is assessed. This analysis can be useful in choosing between conventional reactive power compensation devices or PV inverters for injecting reactive power to the grid.
New Spirostanol Glycosides fromAnemarrhena asphodeloides (1997)

Two new spirostanol saponins, named anemarsaponin F (2b) and G (4b), along with six known spirostanol saponins were obtained from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. On the basis of spectral analyses and chemical evidence, the structures of 2b and 4b were established as neogitogenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2) [beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside) and lilagenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside, respectively.
Dual-Polarized Printed S-Band Radar Array Antenna for Spacecraft Applications (2011)

A novel dual-polarized broadband antenna array for S-band is presented. This antenna is composed of 6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula> 2 microstrip antenna elements with a hybrid feed-line network providing an isolation <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\geq$</tex> </formula> 18.6 dB between the H- and V-ports. The operative bandwidth is from 3.15 to 3.25 GHz, and the peak measured gain is approximately 19 dBi. The array is suitable for spacecraft operation because of the selected materials, its low profile ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex> </formula> 8 mm thickness), and light weight. It has potential applications in synthetic aperture radar (SAR), remote sensing, and wireless communications.
.DELTA.E-.DELTA.C Analysis of Phosphine Basicity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.DELTA.E-.DELTA.C Analysis of Phosphine BasicityRussell S. DragoCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 7, 3408–3417Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00007a047https://doi.org/10.1021/om00007a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C18 Is a Polyyne (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC18 Is a PolyyneDietmar A. Plattner and K. N. HoukCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 15, 4405–4406Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00120a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Control of Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Operon ofStreptococcus gordoniiby CcpA and Flp (2004)

In Streptococcus gordonii DL1, inactivation of the ccpA gene and a gene encoding an Fnr-like protein (Flp) demonstrated that CcpA was essential for carbohydrate catabolite repression and that Flp was required for optimal expression and anaerobic induction of the arginine deiminase system.
Is the Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) an Integral Structure of the Lung in Normal Mammals, Including Humans? (1990)

In the respiratory tract, lymphoid aggregates with a specialized epithelium have been called bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and compared to the organized lymphoid tissue of the gut (GALT), e.g., Peyer's patches. BALT might play a central role in antigen uptake, initiating immune responses and disseminating primed lymphoid cells in the respiratory tract. In the present study, lungs of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, cats, and humans have been studied with respect to the presence and number of BALT and the dependence of BALT on age and microbial stimulation. BALT is not a constitutive structure in all these species. Its frequency varies widely, from 100% in rabbits and rats, 50% in guinea pigs, 33% in pigs, to its absence in cats and all normal human lungs. BALT seems to be a lymphoid structure which is not present in all the species studied but can develop in the lung after stimulation. This is in contrast to lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes or Peyer's patches, which can always be found. These species differences are of major importance in interpreting the clinical relevance of experiments in animal models on the lung immune system, e.g., antigen uptake, immunostimulation, or lung transplantation.
Features of the Structure Development and the Deformation Process in Zr-Based Alloys under Radial Forging (2008)

Distinctive structure features of rods produced by hot and cold radial forging of a Zr- 2.5%Nb alloy were revealed. Most experimental data were obtained by X-ray methods. Among considered aspects, connected with the undulatory mechanism of energy transfer, there are the uniformity of bulk deformation, structure perfection under hot radial forging, the demolition of secondary phases and the oversaturation of α-Zr with Nb under cold radial forging, the role of phase transformations in deformation, and the suppression of recrystallization by annealing. Structure, texture and properties of products, produced by radial forging from Zr-based alloys, allow to consider this technology as an acceptable alternative to that usable nowadays.
The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome<footref rid="foot01"><sup>1</sup></footref> (1999)

Cushing's syndrome is defined as the symptoms and signs of glucocorticoid excess, but the precise diagnosis may be difficult to establish and harder to localise. The clinicial, biochemical and imaging features of the syndrome are discussed in the light of our own extensive experience and the published literature. We describe the optimal diagnostic routines currently recommended in major centres, and analyse the sensitivities and specialities of the various tests employed. Only by means of establishing a precise diagnosis can the disorder be successfully treated.
Estrogenic Compounds Are Not Always Cardioprotective and Can Be Lethal in Males with Genetic Heart Disease (2012)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is more severe in male than female mice eating a soy-based diet. We sought to determine whether the detrimental effects are mediated by the phytoestrogens present in soy, the mechanism by which phytoestrogens act, and to test whether estrogen modulates the sexually dimorphic phenotype. A soy-free diet (casein based) supplemented with the predominant phytoestrogens in soy, genistein and daidzein, recapitulated the fibrotic, proapoptotic and negative hemodynamic effects of soy in male hearts. As with the soy diet, the hearts of female HCM mice were not negatively affected by the phytoestrogen-containing diet. To determine the role of estrogen in the sex differences mediated by diet in HCM, gonadectomies were performed and estrogen was administered to male and female HCM mice on a casein- or phytoestrogen-supplemented diet. Somewhat surprisingly, estrogen was not protective in male or female mice with HCM and, in fact, was lethal in phytoestrogen-fed male mice with HCM. Because genistein is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibition has been associated with cardiotoxicity, we tested its effects in isolated adult cardiac myocytes. Genistein inhibited different tyrosine kinases depending on sex and, in combination with estrogen, resulted in apoptosis only in adult male cardiac myocytes. Finally, we show that phytoestrogens led to distinct programs of gene expression in hearts from males vs. females with HCM, suggesting mechanisms by which males are more sensitive to the detrimental effects of phytoestrogens and females are protected. These results implicate the phytoestrogen genistein in mediating cardiac pathology in males with HCM and, importantly, establish that estrogen is not protective in the setting of HCM.
Influence of edge roughness in resist patterns on etched patterns (1998)

We report on the linewidth fluctuations in resist patterns and their influence on etched patterns. The linewidth fluctuations observed as line edge roughness are mainly caused by polymer aggregates in the resist materials. Polymer aggregates more than 30 nm in diameter are observed in both the positive and negative resist films. Because the polymer aggregates are not dissolved but extracted during development, they remain stuck on the pattern sidewall and cause linewidth fluctuations. When substrates, such as Si, are etched using resist patterns as a mask, the linewidth fluctuations of the resist patterns are faithfully transferred to the substrate. This means that the linewidth fluctuations in device patterns are originally due to the polymer aggregates in the resist films. The linewidth fluctuation is also found to decrease through substrate etching, depending on resist thickness loss. This possibly results from degradation of the resist patterns in lateral directions through etching. However, it does not provide a sufficient decrease in linewidth fluctuations because the large thickness loss of the resist during etching results in critical dimension loss. Therefore, the reduction of the effect of the aggregate size, for example, by using the resist with small aggregates, such as hydrogen silsesquioxane, is necessary.
Data and plotting code for 'Mid-circuit correction of correlated phase errors using an array of spectator qubits' (2022)

Scaling up invariably error-prone quantum processors is a formidable challenge. While quantum error correction ultimately promises fault-tolerant operation, the required qubit overhead and error thresholds are daunting, and many codes break down under correlated noise. Recent proposals have suggested a complementary approach based on co-located, auxiliary 'spectator' qubits. These act as in-situ probes of noise, and enable real-time, coherent corrections of the resulting errors on the data qubits. Here, we use an array of cesium spectator qubits to correct correlated phase errors on an array of rubidium data qubits. Crucially, by combining in-sequence readouts, data processing, and feed-forward operations, these correlated errors are suppressed within the execution of the quantum circuit. The protocol is broadly applicable to quantum information platforms, and our approach establishes key tools for scaling neutral-atom quantum processors: mid-circuit readout of atom arrays, real-time processing and feed-forward, and coherent mid-circuit reloading of atomic qubits.