gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor subunit mRNAs in the human brain: Hippocampus and cortex (1998)

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) activation in the hippocampus and neocortex plays a central role in memory and cognitive function. We analyzed the cellular expression of the five NR subunit (NR1 and NR2A-D) mRNAs in these regions with in situ hybridization and human ribonucleotide probes. Film autoradiograms demonstrated a distinct pattern of hybridization signal in the hippocampal complex and the neocortex with probes for NR1, NR2A, and NR2B mRNA. NR2C and NR2D probes yielded scattered signals without a distinct organization. At the emulsion level, the NR1 probe produced high-density hybridization signals across the hippocampal complex. NR2A mRNA was higher in dentate granule cells and pyramidal cells in CA1 and subiculum compared to hilus neurons. NR2B mRNA expression was moderate throughout, with higher expression in dentate granule cells, CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells than in hilus neurons. In the hippocampal complex, the NR2C probe signal was not different from background in any region, whereas the NR2D probe signal resulted in low to moderate grain densities. We analyzed NR subunit mRNA expression in the prefrontal, parietal, primary visual, and motor cortices. All areas displayed strong NR1 hybridization signals. NR2A and NR2B mRNAs were expressed in cortical areas and layers. NR2C mRNA was expressed at low levels in distinct layers that differed by region and the NR2D signal was equally moderate throughout all regions. Pyramidal cells in both hippocampus and neocortex express NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and, to a lesser extent, NR2D mRNA. Interneurons or granular layer neurons and some glial cells express NR2C mRNA.
Learning semantic correspondences with less supervision (2009)

A central problem in grounded language acquisition is learning the correspondences between a rich world state and a stream of text which references that world state. To deal with the high degree of ambiguity present in this setting, we present a generative model that simultaneously segments the text into utterances and maps each utterance to a meaning representation grounded in the world state. We show that our model generalizes across three domains of increasing difficulty---Robocup sportscasting, weather forecasts (a new domain), and NFL recaps.
Induction of tolerance using Fas ligand: a double-edged immunomodulator (2004)

Apoptosis mediated by Fas ligand (FasL) interaction with Fas receptor plays a pivotal regulatory role in immune homeostasis, immune privilege, and self-tolerance. FasL, therefore, has been extensively exploited as an immunomodulatory agent to induce tolerance to both autoimmune and foreign antigens with conflicting results. Difficulties associated with the use of FasL as a tolerogenic factor may arise from (1) its complex posttranslational regulation, (2) the opposing functions of different forms of FasL, (3) different modes of expression, systemic versus localized and transient versus continuous, (4) the level and duration of expression, (5) the sensitivity of target tissues to Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis and the efficiency of antigen presentation in these tissues, and (6) the types and levels of cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases in the extracellular milieu of the target tissues. Thus, the effective use of FasL as an immunomodulator to achieve durable antigen-specific immune tolerance requires careful consideration of all of these parameters and the design of treatment regimens that maximize tolerogenic efficacy, while minimizing the non-tolerogenic and toxic functions of this molecule. This review summarizes the current status of FasL as a tolerogenic agent, problems associated with its use as an immunomodulator, and new strategies to improve its therapeutic potential.
Relationship Between Growth and Plasma Concentrations of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone in Juvenile Beagle Dogs (2005)

Although the release of growth hormone (GH) is known to be regulated mainly by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) secreted from the hypothalamus, ghrelin also may be involved in GH release during juvenile period. We have examined plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin, desacyl ghrelin, and GH in juvenile beagle dogs. Plasma acylated and desacyl ghrelin levels changed through aging; however, there was no closely correlation between ghrelin, body weight and circulating GH levels during juvenile period. The increase in body weight was essentially linear until 8 months of age, whereas plasma GH concentrations exhibited bimodal peaks for the meanwhile. The results suggest that ghrelin may not play internal cueing in GH secretion in juvenile beagle dogs.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Selective Nucleophilic Addition of Amines to 3‐Borylbenzynes: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Anilines by the Triple Role of the Boryl Group. (2014)

Abstract The investigations reveal that the nucleophilic addition to benzynes, generated in situ from triflate (I), exhibits higher ortho‐selectivities than those of 3‐(trimethylsilyl)benzynes.
Abstract 13065: Comparison of the Cardiovascular Health Status of the American and French Populations Using Connected Devices (2016)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in both the United States (US) and France (FR). However, while it causes 1 out of every 3 deaths in the US, the rate is just 1 out of every 5 deaths in FR. The aim of this study was to use connected devices and metrics from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from the American Heart Association to determine the difference in cardiovascular risk factors between the two countries. Methods: A questionnaire based on the BRFSS was sent through the Withings Health Mate mobile application to a cohort of 7932 users of Withings devices living in the US and FR. Each user had at least 1 value of weight in the last month and 3 days of steps per day of the week in the last 6 months. For each of the 7 metrics in the BRFSS, we assigned users an optimal, intermediate, or poor status. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Physical Activity (PA) levels were automatically populated using data from Withings devices and database. Results: Of the total users, 4342 were from the US, and 3590 were from FR. The study cohort is characterized by a mean age of 43.6 ± 26.7 years old and is composed of 68% of men and 32% of women. The mean scores were 9.5 (US) and 10.0 (FR) ( p&lt;10 -5 ). The percentage of each population with an overall optimal score was 56% (US) and 64% (FR) ( p&lt;10 -5 ). Differences between the US &amp; FR in the prevalence of poor &amp; optimal status of each risk factor are disclosed below. Poor status of BMI, PA, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia are significantly higher in the US. However, poor status of smoking is significantly higher in FR. Conclusion: This study suggests that except for smoking, which is 3 times less frequent in the US than in FR, all other risk factors have more frequent poor status in the US. Such data gives new insights into goals to set to improve cardiovascular health in the US and FR.
Supplemental Tables from Pilot and Feasibility Trial Evaluating Immuno-Gene Therapy of Malignant Mesothelioma Using Intrapleural Delivery of Adenovirus-IFNα Combined with Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1-6 Supplemental Table 1. Results of some recent trials of chemotherapy in MPM. Supplemental Table 2. Post-Trial Therapies Supplemental Table 3. Characteristics of Patients Selected for Flow Cytometry Analysis Supplemental Table 4. List of Immune Response Genes assayed by Nanostring Supplemental Table 5: Correlation of Antibody Response to MOS or Radiographic Response Supplemental Table 6. Flow Cytometry Results&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetic study of methyl oleate oxidation using a semi-detailed mechanism (2012)

Methyl oleate is a long chain methyl ester and a major constituent of rapeseed-oil derived biodiesel. A detailed mechanism for its combustion was recently developed by Westbrook and co-workers. This master mechanism involves 5037 species and 19990 reactions, which makes it too complex for direct use in computational fluid dynamics. In the present work, various mechanism reduction methods were used to derive a skeletal biodiesel combustion mechanism that retains the key properties of the master mechanism (auto-ignition behavior, fuel conversion rate) and generates similar concentration profiles for intermediate species. This skeletal mechanism containing only 442 species was applied to study the methyl oleate oxidation in an opposed-flow diffusion flame and the combustion phasing under the diesel engine conditions. The skeletal mechanism was proved to be the efficient and accurate representation of actual biodiesel combustion and emissions formation.
The European Court upholds school beating (1994)

PRACTICE AND IMPLEMENTATION The European Court upholds school beating To the surprise of many and the disgust of the anti-corporal punishment lobby, the European Court of Human Rights in March held, by a majority of 5 to 4, that the beating of a seven-year old boy by the head teacher of a private school in England did not constitute "degrading" punishment, and so did not violate Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.' The punishment, which was imposed automatically as part of the school's disciplinary system, consisted of three whacks with a rubber-soled gym shoe (euphemistically called a
KRAS analysis in colorectal carcinoma: Analytical aspects of Pyrosequencing and allele-specific PCR in clinical practice (2010)

KRAS mutation detection using Pyrosequencing was evaluated on a consecutive set of clinical CRC samples. Pyrosequencing provided sufficient analytical sensitivity and specificity to assess the mutation status in routine formalin-fixed CRC samples, even in tissues with a low tumor cell content.
A case of prostate ductal adenocarcinoma in the bladder washing fluid specimen (2018)

A case of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma demonstrated in the bladder washing fluid specimen prompted us to write a case report.
Phase I trial of tiazofurin administered by i.v. bolus daily for 5 days, with pharmacokinetic evaluation. (1987)

Tiazofurin is a novel C-nucleoside with significant antitumor activity in murine tumor models. In a phase I clinical trial, patients received tiazofurin by bolus iv infusion daily for 5 days. Six doses ranging from 550 to 4100 mg/m2/day were evaluated. Thirty-one treatment courses were initiated in 21 patients. Tiazofurin induced multiple, transient toxic effects at all but the lowest dose level, and treatment interruption was a common result. Nine of 28 treatment courses initiated at doses greater than or equal to 1100 mg/m2/day were interrupted at less than 5 days; only five of eight courses initiated at 1100 mg/m2/day were completed. Symptoms leading to treatment interruption included headache, nausea and emesis, and lethargy and malaise. Other significant, transient toxic effects included skeletal muscle injury manifest as pain, weakness, or serum biochemical abnormalities; mucocutaneous effects; and mental or mood changes. One case each of transient pericarditis and fatal cardiomyopathy occurred at the highest dose. Myelosuppression was observed but was transient and not dose limiting. In addition to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, unexpected declines in serum hemoglobin were observed, although these were of uncertain significance. Tiazofurin induced significant increases in uric acid production which could be reversed with coadministration of allopurinol. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed tiazofurin plasma elimination to be at least biphasic, with a beta-half-time of 4.2 hours; most of an injected dose could be recovered from the urine as unaltered compound within 24 hours. From this study we conclude that an appropriate dose for phase II trials with this schedule is less than or equal to 1000 mg/m2/day. The schedule may be a difficult one for clinical evaluation of antitumor activity, however, because of the possibility of frequent treatment interruption due to multiple systemic toxic effects.
Reliable Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Coconut Milk Proteins in Processed Foods (2011)

This study was designed to develop a novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of coconut milk proteins in processed foods. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to detect coconut milk proteins from various coconut milk products and did not show any cross-reactivity with 41 of 42 kinds of popularly used food ingredients, thus reflecting great specificity for coconut milk proteins. In addition, the established ELISA is highly sensitive and allowed the detection of 0.31 μg/g of coconut milk protein in complex food matrices. This proposed assay could serve as a useful tool for the detection of the presence of hidden coconut milk proteins in processed foods.
Biolistic-Mediated Transformation Protocols for Maize and Pearl Millet Using Pre-Cultured Immature Zygotic Embryos and Embryogenic Tissue (2010)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, and a key feed crop in Asia, whereas pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a staple food that supplies a major proportion of calories and protein to large segments of the populations living in the semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The limitations of biological gene transfer with Agrobacterium tumefaciens specifically related to recalcitrant cereal crops, led to the development of alternative methods of which high-velocity microprojectiles, biolistic genetic transfer is the most successful and also the most widely employed. Agrobacterium facilitated transformation is the method of choice especially for deregulation of commercial transgenic food crop products, but biolistic-mediated transformation is still valid for proof of concept and functional genomics applications. Biolistic-mediated transformation and the production of transgenic plantlets via somatic embryogenesis of two maize strains viz. Hi-II (a laboratory strain) and M37W (a South African elite white maize genotype) as well as a pearl millet strain (842B) are described in this chapter. The stages described include: (1) proliferation of immature zygotic embryos for biolistic-mediated transformation, (2) induction and maintenance of transgenic embryogenic tissue on selection medium; (3) maturation (both morphological and physiological) of transgenic somatic embryos; and (4) germination of the somatic embryos to putative transgenic primary events. Maize and pearl millet cultures were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis as they are bipolar structures that shoot and root simultaneously. The culture media described in this chapter rarely induced or regenerated plantlets via organogenesis.
In-Depth Characterization of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages using a Mass Cytometry-Based Phagocytosis Assay (2019)

Phagocytosis is a process in which target cells or particles are engulfed and taken up by other cells, typically professional phagocytes; this process is crucial in many physiological processes and disease states. The detection of targets for phagocytosis is directed by a complex repertoire of cell surface receptors. Pattern recognition receptors directly detect targets for binding and uptake, while opsonic and complement receptors detect objects coated by soluble factors. However, the importance of single and combinatorial surface marker expression across different phenotypes of professional phagocytes is not known. Here we developed a novel mass cytometry-based phagocytosis assay that enables the simultaneous detection of phagocytic events in combination with up to 40 other protein markers. We applied this assay to distinct monocyte derived macrophage (MDM) populations and found that prototypic M2-like MDMs phagocytose more E. coli than M1-like MDMs. Surface markers such as CD14, CD206, and CD163 rendered macrophages phagocytosis competent, but only CD209 directly correlated with the amount of particle uptake. Similarly, M2-like MDMs also phagocytosed more cancer cells than M1-like MDMs but, unlike M1-like MDMs, were insensitive to anti-CD47 opsonization. Our approach facilitates the simultaneous study of single-cell phenotypes, phagocytic activity, signaling and transcriptional events in complex cell mixtures.
Cystinuria: Failure of Captopril to Reduce Cystine Excretion-Reply (1989)

<i>In Reply</i>.—We are most encouraged to see that our findings<sup>1</sup>have prompted other investigators to research the effects of captopril therapy on cystine excretion in cystinuria. The individual case study performed by Dahlberg and Jones demonstrates a close correlation between urinary cystine determinations as quantitated both by the ion exchange–triketohydrindene hydrate (Ninhydrin) method and the phosphotungstic method that we used. The reason for the discrepancy between their results and those we obtained is unclear. As suggested by these authors, both the excretion of cystine and the effect of a vasoactive drug such as captopril on that excretion is probably multifactorial. Genetic subtypes of cystinuria could account not only for differing renal tubular handling of cystine, dibasic amino acid, and, possibly, captopril, but also for intestinal transport of these substances.<sup>2</sup>Alternatively, their patient, who had such high levels of urinary cystine, may not have received enough captopril to
Zipper plot: visualizing transcriptional activity of genomic regions (2016)

Abstract Summary Reconstructing transcript models from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and establishing these as independent transcriptional units can be a challenging task. The Zipper plot is an application that enables users to interrogate putative transcription start sites (TSSs) in relation to various features that are indicative for transcriptional activity. These features are obtained from publicly available datasets including CAGE-sequencing (CAGE-seq), ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) for histone marks and DNasesequencing (DNase-seq). The Zipper plot application requires three input fields (chromosome, genomic coordinate (hg19) of the TSS and strand) and generates a report that includes a detailed summary table, a Zipper plot and several statistics derived from this plot. Availability and Implementation The Zipper plot is implemented using the statistical programming language R and is freely available at http://zipperplot.cmgg.be Contact Pieter.Mestdagh@UGent.be ; Katleen.DePreter@UGent.be ; Francisco.AvilaCobos@UGent.be Supplementary information Supplementary Methods available online.
Complex-induced coupling effect: adhesion of some polymers to copper metal promoted by benzimidazole (1990)

Improved adhesion of a polymer with polar functional groups to copper has been achieved by pretreating the copper surface with benzimidazole solution. The adhesion strength was found to increase by two to three times. The coupling mechanism and interfacial structure of the copper-polymer composite have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared relection-absorption spectroscopies. We found that benzimidazole reacted with copper metal in the presence of oxygen to form benzimidazolato copper(+1), which covered the surface in the form of a thin polymeric layer. As the surface was exposed to air, some of the cuprous cations were oxidized to cupric ions. When poly(vinylpyridine) was coated onto the pretreated surface, the nitrogen atoms of the side groups of the polymer chains co-ordinated to the cupric cation to form interfacial bonding connecting the polymer to the copper metal.
A supervised machine learning approach to classify host roles on line using sFlow (2013)

Classifying host roles based on network traffic behavior is valuable for network security analysis and detecting security policy violation. Behavior-based network security analysis has advantages over traditional approaches such as code patterns or signatures. Modeling host roles based on network flow data is challenging because of the huge volume of network traffic and overlap among host roles. Many studies of network traffic classification have focused on classifying applications such as web, peer-to-peer, and DNS traffic. In general, machine learning approaches have been applied on classifying applications, security awareness, and anomaly detection. In this paper, we present a supervised machine learning approach that use On-Line Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree to classify host roles. We collect sFlow data from main gateways of a large campus network. We classify different roles, namely, clients versus servers, regular web non-email servers versus web email servers, clients at personal offices versus public places of laboratories and libraries, and personal office clients from two different colleges. We achieved very high classification accuracy, i.e., 99.2% accuracy in classifying clients versus servers, 100% accuracy in classifying regular web non-email servers versus web email servers, 93.3% accuracy in classifying clients at personnel offices versus public places, and 93.3% accuracy in classifying clients at personal offices from two different colleges.
Selective inhibition of Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) luciferase‐like enzyme luminescence by diclofenac and potential suitability for light‐off biosensing (2020)

The accumulation of toxic carboxylic compounds may cause severe effects on the environment and living organisms. A luciferase-like enzyme, previously cloned from the Malpighian tubules of the non-luminescent Zophobas morio mealworm, displays thioesterification activity with a wide range of carboxylic substrates, and produces weak red luminescence in the presence of ATP and firefly d-luciferin, a xenobiotic for this organism. To better investigate the function of this enzyme in carboxylic xenobiotic detoxification, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of different xenobiotic carboxylic acids on the luminescence activity of this enzyme, including environmental pollutants and pharmaceutical compounds. Noteworthy, the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac severely inhibited this luciferase-like enzyme luminescence activity, both in in vitro (IC<sub>50</sub> 20 μM) and in vivo in bacterial cells assays, when compared with other beetle luciferases. Similar results were obtained with its brighter I327S mutant. Kinetic analysis of diclofenac's effect on luminescence activity indicated mixed-type inhibition for both ATP and d-luciferin. Modelling studies showed five potential binding sites for diclofenac, including the coenzyme A binding site, which showed one of the highest binding constant. Taken together, these results raise the possibility of using this luciferase-like enzyme for the development of novel whole-cell luminescent biosensors for diclofenac and similar drugs.
Immunochemical characterization of aldo‐keto reductases from human tissues (1985)

Aldose reductase, aldehyde reductase and carbonyl reductase constitute a family of monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases with similar physical and chemical properties. Characterization of the enzymes from human tissues by immunotitration and an enzyme immunoassay indicated that, despite their apparent likeness, the three reductases do not cross-react immunochemically.