gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH-dependent bactericidal effects of acidulated fluoride gels on preformed plaque aggregates of Streptococcus mutans 6715 (1984)

The anticaries action of topically applied sodium fluoride (NaF) preparations has been attributed, at least in part, to the antibacterial effect of fluoride on cariogenic bacteria. In this report we examined the bactericidal activity of acidulated NaF gels against preformed plaque aggregates of Streptococcus mutans 6715. Both commercially available and laboratory-prepared gels were tested. Prepared NaF gels were acidified to various pH levels with HCl, H3PO4, or HF. The aggregates of S. mutans were immersed in the various fluoride gels for 5 min and then monitored for viability. None of the commercially available NaF gels with pHs of 3.5 to 4.5 and fluoride concentrations of 5,000 to 12,300 micrograms/ml were capable of exerting complete bactericidal activity against aggregates of S. mutans. For the laboratory-prepared NaF gels, neither the source of hydrogen ion nor the source of fluoride influenced the outcome when fluoride was present at the appropriate MBC and pH. NaF gels with a fluoride concentration of 37,000 micrograms/ml were bactericidal to S. mutans at pH 3.0. At pH 2.5 and 2.0, approximately 12,000 and 1,100 micrograms of fluoride per ml, respectively, was bactericidal. Results from this study suggest that the bactericidal properties of acidulated NaF gels can be enhanced by lowering their pHs to below 3.0.
Interactions of Nonaqueous Solvents with Textile Fibers (1975)

Measurements of longitudinal shrinkage and volume swelling of polyester (PET) fibers in a wide variety of solvents were made at room temperature for time periods sufficient to establish quasiequilibrium conditions. Evaluated in terms of the solubility parameters (δ) concept, these results, together with iodine displacement studies, indicate that: (1) PET may be treated as an ( AB) x alternating copolymer, where A is a semirigid aromatic residue —CO-C 6 H 4 — with a δ-value of 9.8, and B is a flexible aliphatic ester residue —O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CO— with a δ-value of 12.1 ; and (2) the preferential interaction of a solvent with either of the two PET residues provides the necessary chemical energy to disrupt intermo lecular cohesive forces between the polymer chains, permitting relaxation of internal orientation forces and shrinkage of the fiber. It is shown by successively treating PET in solvents of increasing plasticizing strength that solvent-induced crys tallization, a secondary process involving chain folding of the newly relaxed chains, does not inhibit shrinkage at lower temperatures. Therefore, room temperature chemical annealing is viewed as being similar to low-temperature (&lt;175°C) thermal annealing, where small crystallites are formed which confer negligible dimensional stability on the fiber under going shrinkage.
A New Twist for Materials Science: The Formation of Chiral Structures Using the Angular Momentum of Light (2019)

Abstract Recent work has shown that irradiation with light possessing orbital angular momentum (OAM) and an associated phase singularity, that is an optical vortex, twists a variety of materials. These include silicon, azo‐polymer, and even liquid‐phase resins to form various helically structured materials. This article provides a review of the unique helical‐structured materials created and the novel fundamental phenomena enabled by this interaction between both the spin angular momentum and the OAM of light with matter. Such light‐induced helical‐structured materials will potentially lead to advanced photonic devices, for instance, metamaterials for ultrasensitive detection and reactions for chiral chemical composites.
Rate and Selectivity Enhancements Mediated by OH Radicals in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane Catalyzed by Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 (2008)

Radically Improved: OH radicals formed by quasi-equilibrated steps on oxide surfaces introduce homogeneous pathways that lead to higher rates and C2 yields in oxidative methane coupling relative to those attained by CH4 activation with chemisorbed oxygen (see picture; O*: dissociated oxygen atom; R: abstractor). The reactivity of OH. leads to a weaker influence of the CH bond energies on the relative rates of H abstraction from CH4, C2H6, and C2H4.
Crystal structure of bis[(4R*,5R*)2-amino-4,5-trans-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-4,5-dihydroimidazolium] hexafluorosilicate, [C5H12N3O4]2[SiF6] (2009)

Article Crystal structure of bis[(4R*,5R*)2-amino-4,5-trans-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-4,5-dihydroimidazolium] hexafluorosilicate, [C5H12N3O4]2[SiF6] was published on April 1, 2009 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 224, issue 1-4).
Ring-Closing Alkyne Metathesis. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Marine Alkaloid Motuporamine C (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTRing-Closing Alkyne Metathesis. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Marine Alkaloid Motuporamine CAlois Fürstner and Antonio RumboView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 8, 2608–2611Publication Date (Web):March 25, 2000Publication History Received20 December 1999Published online25 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991944dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991944dbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1015Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Catalysts,Chemical synthesis,Metathesis,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Ig Allotypic Inclusion Does Not Prevent B Cell Development or Response (2007)

B cells expressing two different Ig kappa L chains (allotype included) have been occasionally observed. To determine frequency and function of these cells, we have analyzed gene-targeted mice that carry a human and a mouse Igk C region genes. Using different methodologies, we found that cells expressing two distinct kappa-chains were 1.4-3% of all B cells and that they were present in the follicular, marginal zone, and B1 mature B cell subsets. When stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM, dual kappa surface-positive cells underwent activation that manifested with cell proliferation and/or up-regulation of activation markers and similar to single kappa-expressing B cells. Yet, when activated by divalent reagents that bound only one of the two kappa-chains, dual kappa B cells responded suboptimally in vitro, most likely because of reduced Ag receptor cross-linking. Nonetheless, dual kappa B cells participated in a SRBC-specific immune response in vivo. Finally, we found that Ig allotype-included B cells that coexpress autoreactive and nonautoreactive Ag receptors were also capable of in vitro responses following BCR aggregation. In summary, our studies demonstrate that Ig kappa allotype-included B cells are present in the mouse mature B cell population and are responsive to BCR stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, because in vitro activation in response to anti-IgM was also observed in cells coexpressing autoreactive and nonautoreactive Abs, our studies suggest a potential role of allotype-included B cells in both physiological and pathological immune responses.
In Vitro Treatment of Human Monocytes/Macrophages with Myristoylated Recombinant Nef of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Leads to the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, IκB Kinases, and Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and to the Release of Beta Interferon (2006)

The viral protein Nef is a virulence factor that plays multiple roles during the early and late phases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Nef regulates the cell surface expression of critical proteins (including down-regulation of CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class I), T-cell receptor signaling, and apoptosis, inducing proapoptotic effects in uninfected bystander cells and antiapoptotic effects in infected cells. It has been proposed that Nef intersects the CD40 ligand signaling pathway in macrophages, leading to modification in the pattern of secreted factors that appear able to recruit and activate T lymphocytes, rendering them susceptible to HIV infection. There is also increasing evidence that in vitro cell treatment with Nef induces signaling effects. Exogenous Nef treatment is able to induce apoptosis in uninfected T cells, maturation in dendritic cells, and suppression of CD40-dependent immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. Previously, we reported that Nef treatment of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) induces a cycloheximide-independent activation of NF-kappaB and the synthesis and secretion of a set of chemokines/cytokines that activate STAT1 and STAT3. Here, we show that Nef treatment is capable of hijacking cellular signaling pathways, inducing a very rapid regulatory response in MDMs that is characterized by the rapid and transient phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits of the IkappaB kinase complex and of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. In addition, we have observed the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3, leading to the synthesis of beta interferon mRNA and protein, which in turn induces STAT2 phosphorylation. All of these effects require Nef myristoylation.
Complex dielectric response of the CDW ground state in o-TaS3 (1999)

We report the temperature evolution of the low-frequency (f<IO MHz) dielectric response of the CDW material orthorombic TaS3 between 150 K and 10 K.There are two distinctive processes observed bellow and above 50 K that define different ground states of CDW.The first one due to the weakly pinned elastic CDW freezes at about 50 K and a second one due to the dynamics of topological defects of frozen CDW appears below.Similar change of regime is observed in linear conductivity in the same temperature range This second process we detect also in thermally stimulated discharge, an alternative technique of low frequency dielectric measurement, which allows access to effective frequencies down to 0.1 mHz.
Secretion in yeast of human lysozymes with different specific activities created by replacing valine-110 with proline by site-directed mutagenesis. (1988)

Computer graphics indicate that a steric hindrance exists between valine-110 side chain of human lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) and an acetyl group of a modified substrate that contains N6,O-diacetylmuramic acid. To alter the substrate specificity of human lysozyme to be effective on the modified substrate, we replaced the valine-110 residue with various amino acids by site-directed mutagenesis. One of the mutant proteins (valine residue replaced with proline:P110) was secreted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as at least four components (P110-A, P110-B, P110-C, and P110-D) with different specific activities. Two components, P110-B and P110-D, were isolated in a pure form and structurally characterized. The results suggest that this mutation lowered the lytic activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus by changing a local conformation of the catalytic site while keeping almost the same substrate binding sites. Our results also indicate that cis/trans isomerization of prolyl peptide bonds probably occurs in vivo and that the conformational change of protein as well as point mutations in genes might influence the molecular evolution of the protein.
Mosfet and MOS Capacitor Responses to Ionizing Radiation (1984)

The ionizing radiation responses of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors (FETs) and MOS capacitors are compared. It is shown that the radiation-induced threshold voltage shift correlates closely with the shift in the MOS capacitor inversion voltage. The radiation-induced interface-state density of the MOSFETs and MOS capacitors was determined by several techniques. It is shown that the presence of "slow" states can interfere with the interface-state measurements.
Relative degrees of fluency: A comparative case study of advanced learners of French (2002)

Article Relative degrees of fluency: A comparative case study of advanced learners of French was published on June 4, 2002 in the journal International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (volume 40, issue 2).
Quantitative Assessment of the Canine Pupillary Light Reflex (2013)

A recording system and protocol have been developed to reliably quantify the canine PLR. The techniques and instrumentation will be useful for objective quantitative assessment of the PLR in dogs and other species in research applications and may be useful in clinical veterinary ophthalmology and neurology if PLR abnormalities detected with these procedures can be associated with specific diseases.
Biotinylation of membrane proteins accessible via the pulmonary circulation in normal and hyperoxic rats (1997)

It is well established that the phenotype of the pulmonary vascular surface can be affected by injurious stimuli, but the few proteins for which the expression and/or activity have been studied make up only a small fraction of the entire spectrum of luminal cell membrane proteins. To expand the capability for studying such proteins, we developed a method for biotinylating cell membrane proteins accessible via the vascular lumen in the isolated-perfused rat lung and examined the impact of hyperoxia on the spectrum of the biotinylated proteins. Labeling was carried out either by single-pass bolus injection of the cell impermeant biotinylation reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 6-biotin-amido hexanoate (NHS-LC-biotin) into the pulmonary artery cannula or by the addition of NHS-LC-biotin to a lung homogenate. Lung membrane fractions were prepared, and the proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose by electroblotting. The biotinylated proteins were visualized using a chemiluminescent substrate for streptavidin-linked horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of proteins biotinylated via the vasculature was distinct from that of the biotinylated lung homogenate. Lectin affinity purification of biotinylated proteins from the lung membrane fractions of normal lungs biotinylated via the vasculature revealed characteristic spectra that were reproducibly different from those from rats exposed to hyperoxia for 48-60 h. These results demonstrate that biotinylation of membrane proteins accessible to an extracellular reagent during a single transit through the pulmonary vascular bed is feasible and that the spectrum of these labeled proteins reveals the effects of hyperoxic lung injury. The affinity of biotin for streptavidin makes this procedure potentially useful as a means of separating the labeled membrane proteins from the much larger population of membrane proteins that are not accessible via the vasculature, e.g., intracellular membrane proteins and plasma membrane proteins of cell types in luminally inaccessible regions of the intact lung. The consistent changes in the spectrum of labeled proteins seen with hyperoxia suggest that in itself the spectrum may be a useful encryption of certain aspects of vascular pathophysiology.
Selective Interaction of the Calcium Antagonist Amlodipine with Calcium Channels in Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1994)

The mechanism of the antihypertensive action of the 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist amlodipine was investigated by measuring dihydropyridine receptor occupation and the contractile responses to Ca2+ channel activation in aortas and mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) after chronic administration of amlodipine. Amlodipine treatment (10 mg/kg/day orally) significantly reduced the increase in blood pressure (BP) in SHR, but did not change BP in WKY. It more potently decreased the contractile response induced by Bay K 8644 in SHR than in WKY aorta. In both SHR and WKY arteries, the functional effect of chronic amlodipine treatment was related to occupation of the specific dihydropyridine binding sites similar to that which occurs after in vitro exposure to amlodipine 5 nM. Resting membrane potential (RMP) of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) from SHR was depolarized by 12 mV as compared with SMC from WKY, indicating that the higher potency of amlodipine in arteries from SHR could be related to the depolarization-induced increase in affinity for amlodipine of Ca2+ channels in SHR.
Parametric Sensitivity in Aerial Application (1993)

This article summarizes a sensitivity study of all input variables into the FSCBG aerial application computer model, including the near-wake AGDISP representation, helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft, and drop size distribution. A linear analysis is performed around a nominal, or base case, parameter set. Trends in the results may be explained, for the most part, on a physical basis; however, the value of the present analysis is its quantification of the relative sensitivity of the results to known input variable changes. The importance of these variations are catalogued relative to effectiveness of swath width deposition and level of off-target drift. These results quantify several critical variables regarding aerial application, specifically those variables that must be carefully controlled or monitored during spray operations. In order of importance they include: release height, spraying speed, wind direction, and wind speed.
Use of Alkane Monolayer Templates To Modify the Structure of Alkyl Ether Monolayers on Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (2008)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the structure of pure and mixed monolayers formed by adsorption of long-chain alkanes and/or ethers on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Application of a pure phenyloctane solution of simple alkanes, such as tritriacontane, CH3(CH2)31CH3, produced a monolayer within which the individual molecular axes were oriented perpendicular to the lamellar axes. In contrast, a pure solution of symmetrical long-chain ethers, such as di-n-hexadecyl ether, CH3(CH2)15O(CH2)15CH3, produced a monolayer within which the molecular axes were oriented at an angle of approximately 65 degrees relative to the lamellar axes. The compositions of the overlying solutions were then gradually changed either from pure alkanes to nearly pure ethers or from pure ethers to nearly pure alkanes. When ethers replaced alkanes in the monolayer, the ethers conformed to the orientation within the existing alkane layer, rather than adopting the characteristic orientation of pure ether monolayers. However, when alkanes were incorporated into monolayers that had been formed from pure ether solutions, the orientation of the molecules within the monolayer converted to that characteristic of pure alkanes. Alkane monolayers thus acted as templates for subsequent ether layers, but ether monolayers did not act as templates for alkane layers.
Systematic Investigation of the Escherichia coli Metabolome for the Biosynthetic Origin of an Isocyanide Carbon Atom (2005)

Fütterungsexperimente, in denen der E.-coli-Metabolismus über die systematische Verwendung von Stämmen mit Mutationen in primären metabolischen Wegen gesteuert wurde, ermöglichten es, die Herkunft des Isocyanidkohlenstoffatoms im Antibiotikum 1 zu ermitteln. Es handelt sich um das C2-Atom von Ribulose-5P oder einem tautomer äquivalenten Zucker (siehe Schema; isnA und isnB sind die für die Biosynthese von 1 zuständigen Gene). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z501942_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A 3' coterminal gene cluster in pseudorabies virus contains herpes simplex virus UL1, UL2, and UL3 gene homologs and a unique UL3.5 open reading frame (1993)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence and transcription pattern of a group of open reading frames of pseudorabies virus (PRV), which are located at the right end of the BamHI-G fragment from 0.664 to 0.695 map units in the unique long region of the genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed four open reading frames. The first three correspond in genome location to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) open reading frames UL1, which codes for glycoprotein L (gL); UL2, which codes for a uracil-DNA glycosylase; and UL3, which codes for a polypeptide of unknown function. The fourth open reading frame, UL3.5, is not present in the HSV-1 genome. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with oligonucleotide and cDNA probes revealed four abundant mRNA species of 3.3, 2.7, 1.8, and 0.9 kb, which are likely to yield polypeptides encoded by the UL1, -2, -3, and -3.5 open reading frames, respectively. All four transcripts were of the early-late kinetic class, transcribed in the same direction, and 3' coterminal. The UL2 and UL3 genes of PRV and HSV-1 have significant amino acid sequence homology, while the UL1 genes are positional homologs and the UL3.5 gene is unique to PRV.
Optimization of polyphenol extraction from red grape pomace using aqueous glycerol/tartaric acid mixtures and response surface methodology (2015)

Grape pomace is a food industry waste containing a high burden of antioxidant polyphenols and several methodologies have been developed for their efficient extraction. However, a sustainable and environmentally friendly process should involve recovery means composed of benign, non-toxic solvents, such as tartaric acid and glycerol, which are natural food constituents. In this line, this study examined the extraction of polyphenols using aqueous tartaric acid/glycerol solutions. The aim was to assess the role of acid and glycerol concentration in the extraction yield, employing a Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology. The results showed that solutions containing only glycerol (20%, w/v) are more suitable for retrieving polyphenols, flavonoids, and pigments from grape pomace, while tartaric acid exerted a negative effect in this regard, when tested at concentrations up to 2% (w/v).
A Layer 2 VPN Network Yang Model (1999)

This document defines a L3VPN Network YANG Model (L3NM) that can be
used for the provisioning of Layer 3 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
services within a service provider network. The model provides a
network-centric view of L3VPN services. L3NM is meant to be used by a
network controller to derive the configuration information that will
be sent to relevant network devices. The model can also facilitate the
communication between a service orchestrator and a network
controller/orchestrator.