gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of plant responses to carbon-based nanomaterials with different morphologies (2016)

The relationship between the morphology of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) and the specific response of plants exposed to CBNs has not been studied systematically. Here, we prove that CBNs with different morphologies can activate cell growth, germination, and plant growth. A tobacco cell culture growth was found to increase by 22%-46% when CBNs such as helical multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), few-layered graphene, long MWCNTs, and short MWCNTs were added to the growth medium at a concentration of 50 μg ml(-1). The germination of exposed tomato seeds, as well as the growth of exposed tomato seedlings, were significantly enhanced by the addition of all tested CBNs. The presence of CBNs inside exposed seeds was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of helical MWCNTs on gene expression in tomato seeds and seedlings were investigated by microarray technology and real time-PCR. Helical MWCNTs affected a number of genes involved in cellular and metabolic processes and response to stress factors. It was shown that the expression of the tomato water channel gene in tomato seeds exposed to helical MWCNTs was upregulated. These established findings demonstrate that CBNs with different morphologies can cause the same biological effects and share similar mechanisms in planta.
Molecular origin of the Raman signal from Aspergillus nidulans conidia and observation of fluorescence vibrational structure at room temperature (2020)

Successful approaches to identification and/or biological characterization of fungal specimens through Raman spectroscopy may require the determination of the molecular origin of the Raman response as well as its separation from the background fluorescence. The presence of fluorescence can interfere with Raman detection and is virtually impossible to avoid. Fluorescence leads to a multiplicity of problems: one is noise, while another is "fake" spectral structure that can easily be confused for spontaneous Raman peaks. One solution for these problems is Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS), in which a tunable light source generates two spectra with different excitation frequencies in order to eliminate fluorescence from the measured signal. We combine a SERDS technique with genetic breeding of mutant populations and demonstrate that the Raman signal from Aspergillus nidulans conidia originates in pigment molecules within the cell wall. In addition, we observe unambiguous vibrational fine-structure in the fluorescence response at room temperature. We hypothesize that the vibrational fine-structure in the fluorescence results from the formation of flexible, long-lived molecular cages in the bio-polymer matrix of the cell wall that partially shield target molecules from the immediate environment and also constrain their degrees of freedom.
Clinical Correlates of Circulating Visfatin Levels in a Community-Based Sample (2007)

Visfatin, a novel adipokine with insulin-mimetic characteristics, is highly expressed in visceral fat (1). Associations of circulating visfatin concentrations with diabetes and obesity have not been rigorously established, most likely due to small sample sizes of prior studies. Furthermore, relations of visfatin to other cardiovascular risk factors in the general population have not been examined systematically. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that plasma visfatin would be positively related to obesity, diabetes, and visceral adiposity in a community-based sample.

The design and selection criteria of the Framingham Third Generation Cohort are detailed elsewhere (2). Briefly, 4,095 adults (53% women; mean age 40 years) having at least one parent in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort were recruited in 2001–2005. At their first examination, participants underwent anthropometry, medical history and physical examination, laboratory assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, and, in a subsample, imaging for coronary calcification and adiposity using multidetector computer tomography (MDCT).

The present study was performed in a subsample of 374 participants (9% eligible; 53% women) in whom plasma visfatin was assayed. We randomly selected these participants using a weighted sampling scheme with oversampling of the lowest and highest sex-specific quintiles of BMI (ratio of 1.5:2:1.5 for the lowest, middle three, and upper quintiles, respectively) using the participants undergoing MDCT imaging as the sampling frame. We chose this sampling strategy for cost efficiency and optimizing the use of nonrenewable serological resources (given …
Gas chromatographic method for determining very long chain fatty acids that compose D003 in 1 to 10 mg/ml suspensions used in pharmacological and toxicological studies (2002)

D003 is a mixture of fatty acids (C24:0 to C36:0), that shows antiplatelet, antithrombotic and cholesterol-lowering effects in experimental models. A gas chromatographic method using a DB-5 Wide- bore column and 1-nonadecanoic acid as internal standard was developed and validated in order to determine D003 in the aqueous suspensions, with concentrations from 1 to 10 mg/mL, used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters derivatives, prepared using 5 % aqueous HCl-methanol. This method was specific for D003 determination in these suspensions. The determination of total content of fatty acids showed a CV of 0.39 %. The values of the correlation coefficients (r) were higher than that of the acceptation limit (0.99) for the individual fatty acids and for the total content of them, indicating that correlations were positives for a probability higher than 99.9 %. In the repeatability study the CV for total content of D003 (1.55, 1.68 and 0.62 %, respectively) were lower, indicating that the method has repeatability. The inter-mean precision for the total content of fatty acids (CV 1.47 %), demonstrated that the method is reproducible. The average recovery obtained for the total content of acids was greater than 99 % for all cases. Also, for all the fatty acids texp < ttab for a 95 % of releability, there were no significant differences between the average recovery and 100 %, then, it can be considered that this method is exact. The method was suitable for quality control and stability studies of these suspensions.
Computerized technical-document preparation (TXT users manual) (1980)

The computer-assisted text-processing system, called TXT, has been implemented to benefit primarily the originator of technical reports. The system is of particular value to professional staff, such as scientists and engineers, who have responsibility for generating much correspondence or lengthy, complex reports or manuscripts - especially if prompt turnaround and high accuracy are required. It can produce text that contains special Greek or math symbols. Written in FORTRAN and MACRO, the program TXT operates on a PDP-11 minicomputer under the RSX-11M multi-task multi-user monitor. Peripheral hardware includes videoterminals, electrostatic printers, and magnetic disks. Either data- or word-processing tasks may be performed at the terminals.
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies specific for methyl esters of gibberellins A7 and A4. (1995)

According to the heterogeneity of the immunogen of GA3-3-O-HSA, which contained other components such as GA3-7-CONH-HSA, two kinds of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against different antigen determinants of GA3 were prepared in a single process using a two-step screening assay for hybridomas. The results from a cross-reactivity experiment showed that MAb BG2 was specific for GA7/4 methyl esters (GA7/4me) with high affinity. Its affinity for GA7me was over 100 and 200 times higher than for GA3me and GA1me, respectively. Methylation of the 7-oic acid significantly increased the binding of MAb BG2 with GAs. On the contrary, the absence of a double bond or 3beta-OH in ring A and the breakdown of 19,10-gamma-lactone as well as the presence of 13-OH in ring D greatly reduced the binding of MAb BG2 with GAs. This antibody with high specificity can be used effectively to quantify and localize the main active GA7 and GA4 from the early non-hydroxylation pathway of GAs metabolism. Using this antibody, enzyme immunoassays with high sensitivity were developed which displayed linear ranges from 1.0 x 10(-14) to 1.0 x 10(-12) mol for GA4me and from 2.0 x 10(-15) to 2.0 x 10(-13) mol for GA7me.
The “Music” of Core−Shell Spheres and Hollow Capsules: Influence of the Architecture on the Mechanical Properties at the Nanoscale (2008)

We report on the first measurement of elastic vibrational modes in core-shell spheres (silica-poly(methyl methacrylate), SiO2-PMMA) and corresponding spherical hollow capsules (PMMA) with different particle size and shell thickness using Brillouin light scattering, supported by numerical calculations. These localized modes allow access to the mechanical moduli down to a few tens of nanometers. We observe reduced mechanical strength of the porous silica core, and for the core-shell spheres a striking increase of the moduli in both the SiO2 core and the PMMA shell. The peculiar behavior of the vibrational modes in the hollow capsules is attributed to antagonistic dependence on overall size and layer thickness in agreement with theoretical predictions.
A NPR System for Generating Floral Patterns based on L-System (2012)

In history, the decorative pattern represents the design of art. The styles of decorative patterns are unique according to different countries and cultures. Because of the decorative floral pattern giving human an elegant and abundance impression, it is applied to many fields including product packaging, advertising or multimedia materials design. In this paper, we simulate the plant growth to create the decorative floral patterns. One of plant growth simulation approach is L-System (Lindenmayer System). Due to plant growth information can be stored in the L-system grammar formats, the styles of decorative patterns can be controlled by production rules which users define. However , defining a complex L-system grammar structure by non-professional users is clearly a very difficult task. It requires expert with both botanic and programming knowledge to manipulate. Therefore, we propose a user-friendly CAD system for generating L- grammar based on a sketch-based interface. Users can draw arbitrary lines or curves on the canvas for automatically creating decorative floral patterns. In addition, we integrate the Simeco system with CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) for improving the inefficiency of modeling and simulating plants.
Experience-Based Access Management: A Life-Cycle Framework for Identity and Access Management Systems (2011)

Experience-based access management incorporates models, techniques, and tools to reconcile differences between the ideal access model and the enforced access control.
Anodic Polarization Behavior of Titanium Grade 7 in Dust Deliquescence Salt Environments (2007)

It is planned to use the highly corrosion resistant titanium grade 7 (Ti Gr 7) and a high strength titanium alloy (Ti Gr 29) to fabricate the drip shield for the Yucca Mountain repository. Ti Gr 7 contains 0.15% Palladium (Pd) to increase its corrosion performance, mainly under reducing conditions. It was important to determine the corrosion behavior of Ti Gr 7 in concentrated brines at temperatures higher than 100°C, which may represent the behavior of dust deliquescence solutions. Tests were performed in concentrated NaCl + KCl solutions containing also nitrates and fluorides. Results show that Ti Gr 7 was highly resistant to general and localized corrosion. Some specimens were polarized to potentials higher than 4 volts. None of the tightly creviced specimens suffered crevice corrosion. The presence of fluoride promoted localized corrosion around the edges of the crevice former.
A Pole-to-Pole Short-Circuit Fault Current Calculation Method for DC Grids (2017)

This paper proposes a generic pole-to-pole short-circuit fault current calculation method for dc grids. The calculation procedure begins from the simplified RLC equivalent model of a single modular multilevel converter, and then the prefault matrices and faulted matrices are established and modified to calculate the dc fault currents of all the branches. The proposed approaches are validated by comparing with the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation results on PSCAD/EMTDC. Besides, two case studies showed that the calculation method can be easily used to evaluate the severity of a dc fault. Moreover, the calculation can be applied to select the parameters of a fault current limiter (to match the circuit breaker capacity. The main contributions of the proposed numerical calculation method are: 1) The proposed method is accurate and much more time efficient than the EMT simulations; 2) the proposed method can handle all kinds of dc grid networks including the ring, radial, and meshed topologies; and 3) the proposed method is applicable to dc grid with multiple dc voltage level areas connected with dc/dc converters.
Strain relaxation in patterned strained silicon directly on insulator structures (2005)

Strain relaxation is studied in strained silicon directly on insulator (SSDOI) substrates patterned with nanoscale features. Using interference lithography, biaxially strained SSDOI substrates with 30nm thick strained Si on insulator films were patterned into grating structures with 90nm wide stripes, and arrays of 80nm×170nm pillars. The strain profiles of these patterned structures were examined by ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy. Raman analysis of the SSDOI gratings indicates strain relaxation in the 90nm wide stripes, compared to the strain measured in unpatterned portions of the SSDOI wafer. Three-dimensional finite-element modeling of the stress distributions in the grading structures predicts that 95% of the strain is maintained in the direction along the length of the stripes. These simulations are used to decouple the strain components along the width and length of the SSDOI grating structure, inferred from Raman measurements. The results are consistent with substantial stress relaxation across the width of the stripes and very little stress relaxation along the length of the stripes.
Engineering gender-inclusivity into software (2020)

Although the need for gender-inclusivity in software is gaining attention among SE researchers and SE practitioners, and at least one method (GenderMag) has been published to help, little has been reported on how to make such methods work in real-world settings. Real-world teams are ever-mindful of the practicalities of adding new methods on top of their existing processes. For example, how can they keep the time costs viable? How can they maximize impacts of using it? What about controversies that can arise in talking about gender? To find out how software teams "in the trenches" handle these and similar questions, we collected the GenderMag-based processes of 10 real-world software teams---more than 50 people---for periods ranging from 5 months to 3.5 years. We present these teams' insights and experiences in the form of 9 practices, 2 potential pitfalls, and 2 open issues, so as to provide their insights to other real-world software teams trying to engineer gender-inclusivity into their software products.
Size-controlled synthesis of mesoporous palladium nanoparticles as highly active and stable electrocatalysts (2014)

We report a solution phase synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous Pd nanoparticles (MPNs) with narrow particle size distributions. The average particle sizes can be controlled to a range of 25 nm to 42 nm, by utilizing cationic surfactants (as structure-directing agents) and triblock copolymers (as protective agents for controlled Pd deposition). The obtained MPNs exhibit very high electrocatalytic activity in formic acid oxidation.
PPARγ Antagonist Gleevec Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue (2016)

Blocking phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ at Ser(273) is one of the key mechanisms for antidiabetes drugs to target PPARγ. Using high-throughput phosphorylation screening, we here describe that Gleevec blocks cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated PPARγ phosphorylation devoid of classical agonism as a PPARγ antagonist ligand. In high fat-fed mice, Gleevec improved insulin sensitivity without causing severe side effects associated with other PPARγ-targeting drugs. Furthermore, Gleevec reduces lipogenic and gluconeogenic gene expression in liver and ameliorates inflammation in adipose tissues. Interestingly, Gleevec increases browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure. Taken together, the results indicate that Gleevec exhibits greater beneficial effects on both glucose/lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis by blocking PPARγ phosphorylation. These data illustrate that Gleevec could be a novel therapeutic agent for use in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Increased atherosclerosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. (1996)

Premature and extensive atheroscleroses involving renal, peripheral, and cardiovascular sites remain major complications of diabetes mellitus. Controversy exists as to the contribution of hyperglycemia versus elevated local or systemic concentrations of insulin to atherosclerosis risk. In this report, we developed the first murine model susceptible to both atherosclerosis and diabetes to determine which diabetogenic factors contribute to vascular disease. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were treated with multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) or control citrate buffer and fed rodent chow or an atherogenic-promoting (Ath) diet for 12-20 wk. STZ treatment resulted in sustained hyperglycemia (250-420 mg/dl) and a modest reduction in plasma insulin levels for both strains regardless of diet. Citrate-treated C57BL/6 mice fed the Ath diet showed extensive oil red O-staining fatty streak aortic sinus lesions (20,537+/-2,957 micron2), the size of which did not differ for Ath-fed mice treated with STZ (16,836+/-2,136 micron2). In contrast, hyperglycemic BALB/c mice fed the Ath diet showed a 17-fold increase in atherosclerotic lesion area (7,922+/-2,096 micron2) as compared with citrate-treated mice fed the Ath diet (467+/-318 micron2). Correlations between lesion size and plasma glucose levels were significant for BALB/c (r = 0.741, P < 0.009), but not C57BL/6 (r = 0.314, P<0.3) mice. Lesion size correlated significantly with plasma cholesterol for C57BL/6 (r = 0.612, P<0.03) but not BALB/c (r = 0.630, P<0.1) mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that aortic sinus lesions from both strains contained macrophages, but smooth muscle cells were clearly present in lesions of BALB/c mice. In summary, we present the first small animal model showing accelerated atherosclerosis in response to hyperglycemia. Fatty streaks resembled those of human type II lesions in that both macrophages and smooth muscle cells were evident. In addition, our results support the concept that hyperglycemia as opposed to hyperinsulinemia contributes heavily to risk of atherosclerosis.
Super-resolution technique for CW lidar using Fourier transform reordering and Richardson–Lucy deconvolution (2014)

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision altimetry with repeating intensity modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where the range profile is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. This is then enhanced further using Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to greatly enhance the resolution of the pulse. We show the sampling resolution and pulse width can be enhanced by about two orders of magnitude using the signal processing algorithms presented, thus breaking the fundamental resolution limit for BPSK modulation of a particular bandwidth and bit rate. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for determining cloud and tree canopy thicknesses far beyond this fundamental limit in a lidar not designed for this purpose.
Characterization of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the trypanosomatid Phytomonas serpens (Kinetoplastida) (2007)

NADH dehydrogenase activity was characterized in the mitochondrial lysates of Phytomonas serpens, a trypanosomatid flagellate parasitizing plants. Two different high molecular weight NADH dehydrogenases were characterized by native PAGE and detected by direct in-gel activity staining. The association of NADH dehydrogenase activities with two distinct multisubunit complexes was revealed in the second dimension performed under denaturing conditions. One subunit present in both complexes cross-reacted with the antibody against the 39 kDa subunit of bovine complex I. Out of several subunits analyzed by MS, one contained a domain characteristic for the LYR family subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases. Spectrophotometric measurement of the NADH:ubiquinone 10 and NADH:ferricyanide dehydrogenase activities revealed their different sensitivities to rotenone, piericidin, and diphenyl iodonium.
A Therapeutic Revolving Door (1972)

The replacement of the "drunk tank" by the "detoxification center" as society's response to long-term alcoholism raises the question of whether these centers may not become new "revolving doors" for the alcoholic where his symptoms are treated while his illness is ignored. A two-year experience with such a unit suggests that this need not be the case. A follow-up of the first 100 patients admitted to such a center for detoxification revealed that 43 were readmitted one or more times, that 41 maintained contact with the unit during sober intervals, and that 16 achieved extended sobriety. Through an open readmission policy the unit and its staff establish a developing therapeutic relationship which extends beyond the periods of drinking and helps the patient confront and begin to deal with his severe alcoholism problem.
Enhancement of ADPCM Speech by Adaptive Postfiltering (1984)

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) systems can provide high-quality digitizations of telephone-bandwidth speech at a bit rate of 32 kb/s. At a lower bit rate such as 24 kb/s, the quality of the speech is limited by an easily perceptible level of quantization noise. This paper proposes an adaptive postfiltering procedure that can significantly enhance the quality of lower bit rate ADPCM. The coefficients of the postfilter are easily derivable from the predictor coefficients in the ADPCM decoder. In a subjective test involving 18 listeners and two sentence-length test inputs, the enhanced 24-kb/s speech with an optimized postfilter design ranks very close to conventional 32-kb/s speech. A suggested application of the postfiltering procedure is in packet voice or mobile radio systems where substandard bit rates such as 24 kb/s or 16 kb/s are sometimes necessary. The postfiltering algorithm has also been successfully tested in non-DPCM situations, such as in the enhancement of speech degraded by additive white Gaussian noise.
OSNR monitoring technique using polarization-nulling method (2001)

We report on the simple technique for monitoring the optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNRs) of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signals. This technique, based on the polarization-nulling method, was implemented simply by using a rotating quarter-wave plate and rotating linear polarizer. However, the performance of this technique could be affected by nonlinear birefringence and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). The result shows that this technique is suitable for monitoring the OSNRs of highspeed (>10-Gb/s) WDM signals transported over the fiber link with low PMD.