gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cell biology of lignification in higher plants (2015)

The lignification process ranges from full autonomy to complete co-operation depending on the cell type. The different roles of lignin for the function of each specific plant cell type are clearly illustrated by the multiple phenotypic defects exhibited by knock-out mutants in lignin synthesis, which may explain why no general mechanism for lignification has yet been defined. The range of phenotypic effects observed include altered xylem sap transport, loss of mechanical support, reduced seed protection and dispersion, and/or increased pest and disease susceptibility.
Development of the rapidly deployable HF radar for oil spill response (2012)

CodarNor A/S and CODAR Ocean Sensors have developed a rapidly deployable unit for SeaSonde HF Radar systems that, during a spill event, could provide ocean surface current maps and wave parameters to spill responders in near real-time. In September 2010, as part of a spill response exercise, this rapid deployment capability was successfully demonstrated by delivering, via helicopter, a unit that would provide continuous near real-time currents for a two-week period on autonomous power. All data were made available in real-time to the Norwegian Meteorological Institute for use in their oil drift forecast service. Subsequent to the demonstration, hardware development has improved the prototype for operational use, a short-term predictive (STP) capability has been implemented and a rapid response service template has been developed for use worldwide.
A novel haemocytometric COVID-19 prognostic score developed and validated in an observational multicentre European hospital-based study (2020)

COVID-19 induces haemocytometric changes. Complete blood count changes, including new cell activation parameters, from 982 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from 11 European hospitals were retrospectively analysed for distinctive patterns based on age, gender, clinical severity, symptom duration, and hospital days. The observed haemocytometric patterns formed the basis to develop a multi-haemocytometric-parameter prognostic score to predict, during the first three days after presentation, which patients will recover without ventilation or deteriorate within a two-week timeframe, needing intensive care or with fatal outcome. The prognostic score, with ROC curve AUC at baseline of 0.753 (95% CI 0.723-0.781) increasing to 0.875 (95% CI 0.806-0.926) on day 3, was superior to any individual parameter at distinguishing between clinical severity. Findings were confirmed in a validation cohort. Aim is that the score and haemocytometry results are simultaneously provided by analyser software, enabling wide applicability of the score as haemocytometry is commonly requested in COVID-19 patients.
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2015 – 2016:Schleppende Konjunkturerholung in Österreich (2015)

Niedrige Ölpreise und der schwächere Euro stützen die europäische Konjunktur. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte auch die österreichische Wirtschaft die langandauernde Stagnationsphase überwinden. Nach einem BIP-Wachstum von 0.3 % im Vorjahr geht das Institut daher weiterhin von einer leichten Wachstumsbeschleunigung auf 0.8 % in diesem Jahr aus. 2016 sollte das BIP-Wachstum 1.6 % betragen. Der Rückgang der Inflation stärkt die Kaufkraft und führt zu einer Konsumbelebung. Die Arbeitslosenquote bleibt mit knapp 9 % im Prognosezeitraum sehr hoch.
Managing Digital Rights using Linear Logic (2006)

Digital music players protect songs by enforcing licenses that convey specific rights for individual songs or groups of songs. For licenses specified in industry, we show that deciding whether a license authorizes a sequence of actions is NP-complete, with a restricted version of the problem solvable efficiently using a reduction to maximum network flow. The authorization algorithm used in industry is online, deciding which rights to exercise as actions occur, but we show that all online algorithms are necessarily non-monotonic: each allows actions under one license that it does not allow under a more flexible license. In one approach to achieving monotonicity, we exhibit the unique maximal set of licenses on which there exists a monotonic online algorithm. This set of well-behaved licenses induces an approximation algorithm by replacing each license with a well-behaved license. In a second approach, we consider allowing the player to revise its past decisions about which rights to exercise while still ensuring compliance with the license. We propose an efficient algorithm based on linear logic, with linear negation used to revise past decisions. We prove our algorithm monotonic, live, and sound with respect to the semantics of licenses
A novel voltage modulation technique of the space vector PWM (1995)

In this paper, a novel voltage modulation scheme is described. With the effective voltage concept, the actual switching times for each inverter legs are deduced directly as a simple form. With the help of the presented zero sequence voltage allocation algorithm, the proposed PWM method has the high performance voltage generation capability exactly same as the conventional three phase symmetry space vector PWM method. As well as giving a detailed explanation vector PWM and PWM algorithm, the paper presents the comparison results with the conventional method such as space vector PWM and sinusoidal PWM method. (author). 7 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Peripheral Opioid Analgesia (2003)

Opioids have long been thought to act exclusively within the central nervous system. An increasing number of studies recently reported the existence of opioid receptors outside the central nervous system and therefore suggested that opioids are also able to produce analgesic effects in the periphery. Such effects are particularly prominent under painful inflammatory conditions, both in animals and in humans. During inflammatory processes, opioid receptors are transported from dorsal root ganglia towards the peripheral sensory nerve endings. At the same time, immune cells containing endogenous opioid peptides accumulate within the inflamed tissue. Environmental stimuli (e.g. stress) as well as releasing agents (e.g. corticotropin releasing factor, cytokines) can liberate these opioid peptides to interact with the neuronal opioid receptors and elicit local analgesia. The inflammation-induced activation of opioid production and the release of endogenous opioids from immune cells may lead to novel approaches for the development of peripherally acting analgesics. Clinical investigation now focuses on the development of new peripheral opioid agonists as well as on ways to stimulate the endogenous analgesic system in order to induce effective peripheral analgesia with reduced central side effects typically associated with opioids.
Immunoelectrophoretic study of mouse serum and urinary esterases. Chromatographic separation of albumin esterase. (1963)

Summary Normal mouse serum is separated electrophoretically into seven protein bands and four esterase zones designated ρ, albumin, fast α 2 and α 2 -β 1 . All but albumin are associated with lipoproteins. These zones correspond on immunoelectrophoretic analysis with six precipitin lines that retain esterase activity after antigen-antibody precipitation: the ρ- and slow lipoproteins, albumin and three α 2 -globulins. The serum cholinesterase is associated with the α 2 -β 1 -lipoprotein and is completely removed by chloroform extraction. Mouse serum albumin is separated by CM-and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into two immunologically identical fractions one of which lacks the ability to hydrolyze carboxylic esters. This phenomenon represents and example of the molecular heterogeneity of mouse serum albumin. Normal mouse urine contains two esterases of α 1 and β 2 mobility, the latter probably of renal origin. Normal mouse urinary albumin, unlike serum albumin, has no esterase activity.
Successive zero-forcing DPC with per-antenna power constraint: Optimal and suboptimal designs (2012)

This paper considers the precoder designs for successive zero-forcing dirty paper coding (SZF-DPC), a suboptimal transmission technique for MIMO broadcast channels (MIMO BCs). Existing precoder designs for SZF-DPC often consider a sum power constraint. In this paper, we address the precoder design for SZF-DPC with per-antenna power constraints (PAPCs), which has not been well studied. First, we formulate the precoder design as a rank-constrained optimization problem, which is generally difficult to handle. To solve this problem, we follow a relaxation approach, and prove that the optimal solution of the relaxed problem is also optimal for the original problem. Considering the relaxed problem, we propose a numerically efficient algorithm to find the optimal solution, which exhibits a fast convergence rate. Suboptimal precoder designs, with lower computational complexity, are also presented, and compared with the optimal ones in terms of achievable sum rate and computational complexity.
Evidence of Ionospheric Perturbations from a Buried Chemical Explosion captured using High-Rate GNSS Measurements. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Hydrogels for Pulmonary Drug Delivery (2017)

Recent research has focused on pulmonary drug delivery as an alternative route of administration for the treatment of different pulmonary diseases as well as others. The pharmaceutical trend has recently been toward pulmonary delivery because of its low metabolic activity, large surface area, high vascularity, and avoidance of hepatic bypass metabolism. Recently, particulate-based drug delivery systems have emerged as innovative and promising approaches for pulmonary delivery. Several particulate-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential in pulmonary delivery due to their tremendous advantages such as overcoming pulmonary delivery barriers, providing a controlled drug release and increasing therapeutic efficiency which result in reducing dose frequency and adverse side effects. Among different particulate-based drug delivery systems, hydrogels, 3D polymeric networks, have recently been employed and investigated as drug carriers for pulmonary delivery owing to their unique physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, swelling and mucoadhesive properties. This chapter provides an overview on hydrogels including synthesis methods, 328properties, and different types of hydrogels used in the drug delivery to/through the lung. Moreover, it highlights the advantages, current applications and concerns of hydrogels in pulmonary drug delivery.
<title>Drop volume measurements by vision</title> (2000)

A specific configuration for liquid flow metrology consists of a flow of falling drops coupled with a preferred measuring method that derives the flow directly from the drop count. Given the inaccuracy of this counting method, alternative methods have been proposed that measure the volume of each falling drop. The principle consists in deriving the volume from geometric measurements obtained by vision and the basic problem can be described as the estimation of the volume of a drop from its projection. This paper reviews methods previously used and provides an analysis of qualitative and quantitative aspects of drop volume estimation for flow metrology. Three drop shape models and the related volume estimation methods are defined in a first part. A second part is devoted to an experimental analysis of drop shape variations. In a final experimental part, the presented methods are compared and the good performance of a volume measurement method is experimentally demonstrated. It shows a rms-error of 1% in normal measurement conditions. These figures speak for the interest of the measurement by vision and represent a good base for predicting the suitability of the method in various applications.
Cerium (III) Methanesulfonate (2001)

[77998-20-0] (·2H2O) C3H9CeO9S3 (MW 425.42)

InChI = 1S/3CH4O3S.Ce/c3*1-5(2,3)4;/h3*1H3,(H,2,3,4);/q;;;+3/p-3

InChIKey = XPQVQIJYDXCEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-K


[73640-09-2] C3H13CeO11S3 (MW 461.46)

InChI = 1S/3CH4O3S.Ce.2H2O/c3*1-5(2,3)4;;;/h3*1H3,(H,2,3,4);;2*1H2/q;;;+3;;/p-3

InChIKey = CSCZHPRFXJAVNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K







(stable, soluble cerium(III) salt used as a mediator for organic oxidation)



Alternate Name: cerous methanesulfonate.



Physical Data: white crystalline solid.



Solubility: very sol water, aqueous methanesulfonic acid, and aqueous acetonitrile; sol methanol; insol acetone.



Preparative Methods: prepared by the reaction of methanesulfonic acid with an aqueous suspension of cerium(III) carbonate. Solids can be precipitated with acetone or a large excess of methanesulfonic acid.



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: best used in aqueous solution as prepared. Cerium(III) salts are generally believed to be of low toxicity.
Numerical modeling considerations for an applied nonlinear Schrödinger equation (2015)

A model for nonlinear optical propagation is cast into a split-step numerical framework via a variable stencil-size Crank-Nicolson finite-difference method for the linear step and a choice of two different nonlinear integration schemes for the nonlinear step. The model includes Kerr, Raman scattering, and ionization effects (as well as linear and nonlinear shock, diffraction, and dispersion). We demonstrate the practical importance of numerical effects when interpreting computational studies of high-intensity optical pulse propagation in physical materials. Examples demonstrate the significant error that can arise in discrete, limited precision implementations as one attempts to improve practical operator accuracy through increased operator support size and sampling frequency. We also demonstrate the effect of the method used to obtain the finite-difference operator coefficients defining the equations ultimately used in the discrete model. Smooth, plausible, but incorrect solutions may result from these numerical effects. This implies the necessity of a complete, precise description of all numerical methods when reporting results of computational physics investigations in order to ensure proper interpretation and reproducibility.
Efecto de micorriza vesiculo-arbuscular en café coffea arabica l. variedad colombia en almacigo (1990)

A fin de seguir el proceso de infección y esporulación de hongos MVA y evaluar el efecto de su inoculación en café variedad Colombia, se efectuó un ensayo en suelo recolectado en Sevilla (Valle). Se establecieron seis tratamientos: suelo natural, natural + refuerzo, desifestado, desinfestado + Entrophospora colombiana, desinfestado + Glomus manihotis y desinfestado + Acaulos Rora myriocarpa. Se obtuvieron plántulas en arena estéril que se trasplantaron e inocularon a los dos meses. La distribución dentro de los tratamientos fue completamente al azar. Se cosecharon 3 plantas/tratamiento cada quince días durante cinco meses. Se evaluó altura, peso seco parte aérea, área foliar, infección en raíces por hongos MVA, esporas/g suelo seco, análisis foliar para N, P, K, Ca y Mg y cualificación de hongos implicados en la simbiosis. En suelo natural predominaron especies del género Glomus G. manihotis, E. colombiana y A. myriocarpa se encontraron haciendo parte de la flora nativa. Ocho días después del trasplante ya había infección por hongos micorrizogenos; las especies evaluadas difirieron en su capacidad infectiva. La mejor esporulación ocurrió a los cien días de trasplante. G. manihotis además de estimular el mayor crecimiento favoreció el desarrollo vegetativo del café, tornó a las plantas más eficientes en la absorción de N, P, K, Ca y Mg, lo cual es de esperarse dado el extenso desarrollo radical que en esta asociación triplica a los valores obtenidos en suelo natural y desinfestado.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitration of 5‐Phenyl‐ and 3‐Methyl‐5‐phenylisoxazoles. (1990)

Abstract 5‐Phenylisoxazole (I) reacts with nitric acid (II) in sulfuric acid to yield a mixture of the dinitro derivatives (II) and (III), together with the isomeric 5‐(nitrophenyl)isoxazoles (V) as the main products.
Benchmarking beat classification algorithms (2002)

This study compares the accuracy of a range of advanced and classical pattern recognition algorithms for beat and arrhythmia classification from ECG using a principled statistical framework. These are to be used in an application where no patient-specific adaptation of the features or of the model is possible, which means that models must be able to generalise across subjects. Our results demonstrate that non-linear classification models offer significant advantages in ECG beat classification and that, with a principled approach to feature selection, pre-processing and model development, it is possible to get robust inter-subject generalisation even on ambulatory data.
Transfusion Management of Trauma Patients (2009)

The management of massively transfused trauma patients has improved with a better understanding of trauma-induced coagulopathy, the limitations of crystalloid infusion, and the implementation of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs), which encompass transfusion management and other patient care needs to mitigate the "lethal triad" of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy. MTPs are currently changing in the United States and worldwide because of recent data showing that earlier and more aggressive transfusion intervention and resuscitation with blood components that approximate whole blood significantly decrease mortality. In this context, MTPs are a key element of "damage control resuscitation," which is defined as the systematic approach to major trauma that addresses the lethal triad mentioned above. MTPs using adequate volumes of plasma, and thus coagulation factors, improve patient outcome. The ideal amounts of plasma, platelet, cryoprecipitate and other coagulation factors given in MTPs in relationship to the red blood cell transfusion volume are not known precisely, but until prospective, randomized, clinical trials are performed and more clinical data are obtained, current data support a target ratio of plasma:red blood cell:platelet transfusions of 1:1:1. Future prospective clinical trials will allow continued improvement in MTPs and thus in the overall management of patients with trauma.
Complement Receptor Type 1 (CD35) Mediates Inhibitory Signals in Human B Lymphocytes (2002)

The complement system---particularly component C3---has been demonstrated to be a key link between innate and adaptive immunity. The trimolecular complex of complement receptor type 2 (CR2), CD19, and CD81 is known to promote B cell activation when coligated with the B cell Ag receptor. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of human complement receptor type 1 (CR1), the other C3-receptor on B cells. As ligand, aggregated C3 and aggregated C3(H(2)O), i.e., multimeric "C3b-like C3", are used, which bind to CR1, but not to CR2. In experiments studying the functional consequences of CR1-clustering, the multimeric ligand is shown to inhibit the proliferation of tonsil B cells activated with a suboptimal dose of anti-IgM F(ab')(2). Importantly, this inhibitory activity also occurs in the presence of the costimulatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-15. The anti-IgM-induced transient increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca(2+) and phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic proteins are strongly reduced in the presence of the CR1 ligand. Data presented indicate that CR1 has a negative regulatory role in the B cell Ag receptor mediated activation of human B lymphocytes.
Dendritic peptide-conjugated polymeric nanovectors for non-toxic delivery of plasmid DNA and enhanced non-viral transfection of immune cells (2022)

Plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection is advantageous for gene therapies requiring larger genetic elements, including "all-in-one" CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids, but is limited by toxicity as well as poor intracellular release and transfection efficiency in immune cell populations. Here, we developed a synthetic non-viral gene delivery platform composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers linked to a cationic dendritic peptide (DP) via a reduceable bond, PEG-<i>b</i>-PPS-ss-DP (PPDP). A library of self-assembling PPDP polymers was synthesized and screened to identify optimal constructs capable of transfecting macrophages with small (pCMV-DsRed, 4.6 kb) and large (pL-CRISPR.EFS.tRFP, 11.7 kb) plasmids. The optimized PPDP construct transfected macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells more efficiently and with less toxicity than a commercial Lipo2K reagent, regardless of pDNA size and under standard culture conditions in the presence of serum. The PPDP technology described herein is a stimuli-responsive polymeric nanovector that can be leveraged to meet diverse challenges in gene delivery.
Catalytic Ring Expansion of Vinyl Oxetanes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyrans Using Chiral Counterion Catalysis (2012)

Säure gegen Symmetrie: In der katalytischen Ringerweiterung von Vinyloxetanen zu 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyranen erwies sich Kupfer(II)-triflat als der beste Katalysator. Die Anwendungsbreite dieser neuen Umwandlung wurde anhand von achtzehn Beispielen demonstriert. Durch den Einsatz von chiralen Lewis- oder Brønsted-Säuren als Katalysatoren kann ein symmetrisches Vinyloxetan desymmetrisiert werden (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of C3 Acceptors Responsible for Complement Activation in Crithidia fasciculata1 (1988)

Crithidia fasciculata, an insect trypanosomatid is readily lysed by normal human serum at concentrations as low as 3%. Lysis occurs in the presence of Mg+2-EGTA and is antibody independent, indicating that the alternative pathway of complement activation is involved. Analysis of [131I]C3 deposition on C. fasciculata cells using C8-deficient serum, revealed that about 4 x 10(5) C3 molecules bound to each cell. Most of the C3 was bound to cells as C3b, part of it forming high molecular weight complexes, which could be dissociated by methylamine treatment at alkaline pH. To characterize the C3 acceptors on C. fasciculata, surface-iodinated cells were incubated with C8D or heat-inactivated serum, extracted and immunoprecipitated with anti-C3 or anti-arabinogalactan antisera. Analysis of the immunoprecipitated material on SDS gels showed high-molecular weight components, which disappeared after methylamine treatment, giving rise to a component of 200 kDa molecular size. This 200-kDa component corresponded to a purified arabinogalactan complex, which was immunoprecipitated from labeled cell extracts, without incubation with C8D, using anti-arabinogalactan antibodies. These results suggest that the arabinogalactan glycoconjugate is a C3 acceptor in C. fasciculata during complement activation. Purified arabinogalactan complexes were able to inactivate C3 in vitro. Solubilization in KOH to cleave the peptide moiety rendered it unable to inactivate C3. Apparently, the aggregated state of the purified arabinogalactan component at the cell surface is important for C3 deposition and activation.