gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tool Wear Mechanisms during Machining of Alloy 625 (2011)

Nickel-base superalloys like Alloy 625 are widely used in power generation applications due to their unique properties especially at elevated temperatures. During the related component manufacturing for gas turbines up to 50% of the material has to be removed by metal cutting operations like milling, turning or drilling. As a result of high strength and toughness the machinability of Alloy 625 is generally poor and only low cutting speeds can be used. High-speed cutting of Alloy 625 on the other hand gets more important in industry to reduce manufacturing times and thus production costs. The cutting speed represents one of the most important factors that have influences on the tool life. The aim of this study is the analyses of wear mechanisms occurring during machining of Alloy 625. Orthogonal cutting experiments have been performed and different process parameters have been varied in a wide range. New and worn tools have been investigated by stereo microscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses were used for the investigation of chemical compositions of the tool's surface as well as the nature of reaction products formed during the cutting process. Wear mechanisms observed in the machining experiments included abrasion, fracture and tribochemical effects. Specific wear features appeared depending on the mechanical and thermal conditions generated in the wear zones.
Nanoindentation and Micromechanical Modeling to Explore the Mechanical Performance of Deteriorated Softwood (2011)

Nanoindentation and Micromechanical Modeling to Explore the Mechanical Performance of Deteriorated Softwood
Continuous Production of Hexamethylenetetramine (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous Production of HexamethylenetetramineFritz Meissner, Ernst Schwiedessen, and Donald F. OthmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 4, 724–727Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50532a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (598 KB) Get e-Alerts
Second-messenger regulation of receptor association with clathrin-coated pits: a novel and selective mechanism in the control of CD4 endocytosis. (1997)

CD4, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is not only expressed in T4 helper lymphocytes but also in myeloid cells. Receptor-mediated endocytosis plays a crucial role in the regulation of surface expression of adhesion molecules such as CD4. In T lymphocytes p56lck, a CD4-associated tyrosine kinase, prevents CD4 internalization, but in myeloid cells p56lck is not expressed and CD4 is constitutively internalized. In this study, we have investigated the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the regulation of CD4 endocytosis in the myeloid cell line HL-60. Elevations of cellular cAMP were elicited by 1) cholera toxin, 2) pertussis toxin, 3) forskolin and IBMX, 4) NaF, or 5) the physiological receptor agonist prostaglandin E1. All five interventions led to an inhibition of CD4 internalization. Increased cAMP levels did not inhibit endocytosis per se, because internalization of insulin receptors and transferrin receptors and fluid phase endocytosis were either unchanged or slightly enhanced. The mechanism of cAMP inhibition was further analyzed at the ultrastructural level. CD4 internalization, followed either by quantitative electron microscopy autoradiography or by immunogold labeling, showed a rapid and temperature-dependent association of CD4 with clathrin-coated pits in control cells. This association was markedly inhibited in cells with elevated cAMP levels. Thus these findings suggest a second-messenger regulation of CD4 internalization through an inhibition of CD4 association with clathrin-coated pits in p56lck-negative cells.
Progressive neurological disease associated with chronic cytomegalovirus infection (1981)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common infectious cause of nervous system damage in the fetus and newborn infant, generally has been thought to exert its teratogenic effect during early pregnancy, and it has been assumed that clinical or postmortem abnormalities reflect static insults incurred earlier. Over the past two years we have identified two infants who presented with various clinical signs suggesting CMV infection. Serial CT head scans showed mild hydrocephalus progressing to extensive loss of brain substance and hydrocephalus in one and a normal scan going on to polycystic encephalomalacia in the other. Both infants had urine or leukocyte cultures that were repeatedly positive for CMV. These data suggest that CMV can cause progressive central nervous system damage after birth. The findings may account for some unexplained brain malformations and for a portion of the neurodegenerative disorders occurring in babies who appear normal at birth.
Cluster validity for kernel fuzzy clustering (2012)

This paper presents cluster validity for kernel fuzzy clustering. First, we describe existing cluster validity indices that can be directly applied to partitions obtained by kernel fuzzy clustering algorithms. Second, we show how validity indices that take dissimilarity (or relational) data D as input can be applied to kernel fuzzy clustering. Third, we present four propositions that allow other existing cluster validity indices to be adapted to kernel fuzzy partitions. As an example of how these propositions are used, five well-known indices are formulated.We demonstrate several indices for kernel fuzzy c-means (kFCM) partitions of both synthetic and real data.
Early biological and immune response to semi-identical liver or kidney allograft in miniature swine (2004)

In inbred miniature swine, semi-identical liver allograft recipients survive up to 3 months without immunosuppression, whereas similarly mismatched kidney allografts are uniformly rejected within 2 weeks. The early biological and immunological events were assessed in this unique model. SLA(d/d) pigs (MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) received liver or kidney allograft from heterozygous SLA(c/d) miniature swine. Survival, graft function, histology, intragraft cytokines, peripheral lymphocyte and platelet count, plasma cortisol level and cellular/humoral anti-donor immune response were assessed. Kidney allografts were uniformly rejected within 2 weeks, whereas liver allografts survived for up to 87 days. After both liver and kidney transplantation, the peripheral lymphocyte count decreased during the first week concomitantly to a significant elevation of plasma cortisol level. Early decrease of peripheral platelet count was observed after liver but not renal transplantation. Up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was observed during the first postoperative week in semi-identical liver allografts and IFN-gamma as well as IL-10 in kidney allografts. In liver recipients, labelled autologous lymphocytes accumulated in the liver graft and native spleen, whereas after renal allograft, lymphocytes accumulated in the native spleen and liver but never in the kidney allograft. Specific cellular anti-donor unresponsiveness was observed from the first post-transplant day in both liver and kidney recipients, while the humoral anti-donor response remained intact. In semi-identical liver allograft, recipient rejection is milder and slower than in similarly matched kidney allograft. The intragraft up-regulation of TGF-beta1 in semi-identical liver allograft might be one mediator to explain the modulation of rejection after liver transplant. The rapid, nonspecific accumulation of recipient lymphocytes in the liver allograft but not in kidney allograft might also play a role in the different survival time in this model.
Anti-tumor Activities of Some Seventy Compounds Related to Lactams and Pyridones (1977)

Seventy-four compounds related to lactams and pyridones were synthesized and their anti-tumor activity was examined using Ehrlich carcinoma cells. 4-(2-Piperidyl) butyric acid hydrochloride was found to have some anti-tumor effect on the solid type of Ehrlich carcinoma cells, but no other substances were found to be effective. Correlation between the anti-tumor activity and structure of the tested compounds still remains uncertain.
Evaluation of Adjuvant Regimens for Antibody Development in Mice (2008)

To obtain antibodies suitable for in vitro diagnostic immunoassays, animals must be immunized with an adjuvant that will elicit a high titer, high affinity response. We have previously shown, in rabbits, that Adjulite® Freund's adjuvant is successful in developing this immune response. To continue our studies, Adjulite® Freund's and MPL+TDM adjuvants were assessed for their ability to generate a high affinity immune response in mice. Two discrete, ~20 kDa, proteins were used to immunize CAF1/J and/or RBF/DnJ mice. The antigens were emulsified in either Adjulite® Freund's adjuvant or MPL+TDM adjuvant. Sera samples taken following the second immunization were evaluated for antibody titer and relative affinity in a microtiter enzyme immunoassay by testing for antibody reactivity to limiting amounts of the administered antigen. Results showed that, while both adjuvants were capable of yielding a similar relative affinity, animals immunized with Adjulite® Freund's adjuvant yielded a statistically significant higher titer in both antigen studies. In addition, in the first study, CAF1/J mice yielded a higher relative affinity immune response compared to RBF/DnJ mice with the average titer between the mouse strains remaining similar. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that Adjulite® Freund's adjuvant generated both a high affinity and a high titer immune response for two different ~20kDa proteins in mice.
Ambient measurements of inorganic species in an urban environment using LIBS (2002)

Urban environments contain high levels of particulate matter of a variety of forms. The University of Maryland (UMCP) has been participating in a large-scale multi-University effort to characterize urban particulate matter in Pittsburgh, PA. This “Aerosol Supersite” project, sponsored by the U.S. EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy, brings together a number of aerosol measurement technologies to characterize the size, organic and inorganic constituents, and ionic character of the urban aerosol. UMCP has been working to employ LIBS for inorganic species concentrations measurements in the ambient aerosol.
Four features of temporal patterns characterize similarity among individuals and molecules by glucose ingestion in humans (2022)

Oral glucose ingestion induces systemic changes of many blood metabolites related not only to glucose, but also other metabolites such as amino acids and lipids through many blood hormones. However, the detailed temporal changes in the concentrations of comprehensive metabolites and hormones over a long time by oral glucose ingestion are uncharacterized. We measured 83 metabolites and 7 hormones in 20 healthy human subjects in response to glucose ingestion. We characterized temporal patterns of blood molecules by four features: (i) the decomposability into "amplitude" and "rate" components, (ii) the similarity of temporal patterns among individuals, (iii) the relation of molecules over time among individuals, and (iv) the similarity of temporal patterns among molecules. Glucose and glucose metabolism-related hormones indicated a rapid increase, and citrulline and lipids, which indicated a rapid decrease, returned to fasting levels faster than amino acids. Compared to glucose metabolism-related molecules and lipids, amino acids showed similar temporal patterns among individuals. The four features of temporal patterns of blood molecules by oral glucose ingestion characterize the differences among individuals and among molecules.
Ion beam smoothening of metal surfaces (2003)

Ion beam induced smoothening of crystalline and amorphous substrates were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Rough surfaces created by depositing small nanoparticles, 2–3 nm in diameter, onto flat substrates were subjected to repeated impacts with 40 keV Xe atoms. Two smoothening processes are identified: The nanoparticle either burrows into the substrate, with the underlying substrate atoms flowing around it to the surface, or it flows over the substrate surface, wetting it. Generally, these two mechanisms operate simultaneously in both amorphous and crystalline substrates. The burrowing mechanism in amorphous substrates was additionally investigated by creating low energy recoils, 20 or 200 eV in the substrate beneath the nanoparticle. Roughening of initially smooth amorphous substrates during ion impact was also studied for comparison with the smoothening process.
Animal models of sepsis and sepsis-induced kidney injury (2009)

Sepsis is characterized by a severe inflammatory response to infection, and its complications, including acute kidney injury, can be fatal. Animal models that correctly mimic human disease are extremely valuable because they hasten the development of clinically useful therapeutics. Too often, however, animal models do not properly mimic human disease. In this Review, we outline a bedside-to-bench-to-bedside approach that has resulted in improved animal models for the study of sepsis - a complex disease for which preventive and therapeutic strategies are unfortunately lacking. We also highlight a few of the promising avenues for therapeutic advances and biomarkers for sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Finally, we review how the study of drug targets and biomarkers are affected by and in turn have influenced these evolving animal models.
Interhelical loops within the bHLH domain are determinant in maintaining TWIST1–DNA complexes (2013)

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor TWIST1 is essential to embryonic development, and hijacking of its function contributes to the development of numerous cancer types. It forms either a homodimer or a heterodimeric complex with an E2A or HAND partner. These functionally distinct complexes display sometimes antagonistic functions during development, so that alterations in the balance between them lead to pronounced morphological alterations, as observed in mice and in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome patients. We, here, describe the structures of TWIST1 bHLH-DNA complexes produced in silico through molecular dynamics simulations. We highlight the determinant role of the interhelical loops in maintaining the TWIST1-DNA complex structures and provide a structural explanation for the loss of function associated with several TWIST1 mutations/insertions observed in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome patients. An animated interactive 3D complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:27.
Abstract: Fluorescent Angiography Demonstrates Changes in Wound Microvasculature as a Result of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (2016)

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to facilitate wound healing in diabetic lower extremity ulcers is well established.1 The exact mechanism of HBOTmediated wound healing is unclear, but is thought to relate to increased reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS &RNS)2. ROS and RNS lead to many downstream effects that impact wound healing including increased growth factors, diminished inflammatory responses and improved neovascularization. The impact on tissue perfusion, however, is not known. The purpose of this pilot study was to ascertain the effects of HBOT on the microvasculature of chronic wounds as assessed by fluorescent angiography as compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Patients underwent fluorescent angiography at 4 different time points: immediately prior and immediately after the first and second HBOT treatments. Photo imaging with infrared camera began concurrently with the initiation of the IC-Green™ injection and lasted for 5 minutes. All videos were analyzed via MATLAB. The wound bed and the peri-wound area were then outlined as masks for the image analysis. 2 time points were determined: the onset of inflow and the time of maximal outflow (defined as the surrogate for onset of venous outflow). RESULTS: Immediately after HBOT, there was evidence of increased flow. The onset of arterial inflow as well as venous outflow occurred earlier after the initial HBO treatment when compared with pretreatment in the chronic wound patients, indicating an immediate HBO associated vasodilitory effect. Interestingly, in healthy controls, the opposite phenomenon was observed in that both arterial and venous flow occurred in a delayed manner as a result of HBOT, perhaps suggesting a vasoconstrictive effect, consistent with prior reports.3 CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy appears to immediately impact the microcirculation both on an inflow (arterial) and outflow (venous) level. Interestingly, results of this study suggest inherent differences in micro-vascular physiologic responsiveness between healthy and chronic wound patients. This work offers an insight into the potential mechanism of HBOT and may direct future applications and eventually customize care. DISCLOSURE/FINANCIAL SUPPORT:The authors have no financial disclosures. REFERENCES: 1. Abidia, A. et al. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ischaemic diabetic lower extremity ulcers: a double-blind randomised-controlled trial. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Vasc. Surg.25, 513–518 (2003). 2. Camporesi, E. M. & Bosco, G. Mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb. Med. J. Undersea Hyperb. Med. Soc. Inc41, 247–252 (2014). 3. Casey, D. P., Joyner, M. J., Claus, P. L. & Curry, T. B. Vasoconstrictor responsiveness during hyperbaric hyperoxia in contracting human muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. Bethesda Md 1985114, 217–224 (2013).
Design Status of the ITER Upper Port Launcher (2007)

Reference CRPP-CONF-2007-037 URL: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/meetings/4ECRH.htm Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12
Synthesis of Ni-Al Intermetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts by Vacuum Arc Plasma Evaporation (2010)

In order to pursue high catalytic performance of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds for hydrogen production, we synthesized Ni-Al intermetallic nanoparticles from Ni-Al alloy ingots by vacuum arc plasma evaporation technique for the first time. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalytic properties of the Ni-Al nanoparticles for methanol decomposition were evaluated. It is found that the nanoparticles had a large surface area above 70 m2/g, and showed very high catalytic activity for methanol decomposition.
Antitumor Effects of Imidazoquinolines in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder (2007)

Imidazoquinolines have potent direct activity against bladder cancer cells by decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptosis and cytokine production. In addition, in vivo data suggest antitumor effects in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model. Therefore, imidazoquinolines may have therapeutic potential as a synthetic intravesical agent against bladder cancer.
Second‐Generation Everolimus‐Eluting Stents Compared to First‐Generation Drug‐Eluting Stents in Patients Treated for Multivessel Disease (2013)

The use of EES in patients with MVD is safe with signals for improved effectiveness compared to first-generation DES. Randomized trials comparing new-generation DES to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery are warranted.
On the Interactions of Melatonin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: A Novel Approach Combining Efficient Semiempirical Extended Tight-Binding (xTB) Results with Ab Initio Methods (2021)

Melatonin (MT) is a molecule of paramount importance in all living organisms, due to its presence in many biological activities, such as circadian (sleep-wake cycle) and seasonal rhythms (reproduction, fattening, molting, etc.). Unfortunately, it suffers from poor solubility and, to be used as a drug, an appropriate transport vehicle has to be developed, in order to optimize its release in the human tissues. As a possible drug-delivery system, β-cyclodextrin (βCD) represents a promising scaffold which can encapsulate the melatonin, releasing when needed. In this work, we present a computational study supported by experimental IR spectra on inclusion MT/βCD complexes. The aim is to provide a robust, accurate and, at the same time, low-cost methodology to investigate these inclusion complexes both with static and dynamic simulations, in order to study the main actors that drive the interactions of melatonin with β-cyclodextrin and, therefore, to understand its release mechanism.
The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) Data Model and XML file: open tools for informatics and quantitative analysis in biological imaging (2005)

The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) defines a data model and a software implementation to serve as an informatics framework for imaging in biological microscopy experiments, including representation of acquisition parameters, annotations and image analysis results. OME is designed to support high-content cell-based screening as well as traditional image analysis applications. The OME Data Model, expressed in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and realized in a traditional database, is both extensible and self-describing, allowing it to meet emerging imaging and analysis needs.
Chemistry and the Chemical Industry (2010)

As chemical companies strive to be more competitive in the world economy, it is essential that their employees, including sales and marketing personnel, as well as administrative support groups understand the basic concepts of the science upon which the industry is based. The authors, who have over 100 years of combined experience in the chemical i
Sol–Gel Template Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Microtubules (2004)

Al 2 O 3 microtubules with ca . 60–600 μm in lengths and 2–16 μm in outer diameter have been prepared using water‐soluble ammonium tartrate crystal as a template in a sol‐gel method using aluminum sec ‐butoxide (ASB) as starting materials, which may have potential application in catalytic materials, electronic science or separation technology.
Animal Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development: Opportunities and Future Directions (2011)

Animal Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development: Opportunities and Future Directions