gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a compact three-dimensional multimode interference phased array structures (3-D MMI PHASAR) for DWDM applications (2005)

In this paper, we present a three-dimensional multimode interference phased array structures (3-D MMI PHASAR) (de)multiplexer as a multilevel extension to the planar two-dimensional (2-D) MMI PHASAR. This device is compatible with the planar integrated optics technology. This opens the route for new high-density multilevel optical circuits. In this paper, we discuss 3-D integrated optics and give a detailed description of this new device. The demultiplexing of 65 dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels with a channel spacing of 0.2 nm using the proposed structure is considered. The comparison with a 2-D planar PHASAR shows a net improvement in the structure compactness and performance.
Targeting ALDH1A1 by disulfiram/copper complex inhibits non-small cell lung cancer recurrence driven by ALDH-positive cancer stem cells (2016)

The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has profound implications for cancer therapy. In this study, a disulfiram/copper (DSF/Cu) complex was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for its efficacy to inhibit CSCs, which drive recurrence of NSCLC. First, we investigated whether DSF/Cu could inhibit ALDH-positive NSCLC stem cells in vitro and tumors derived from sorted ALDH-positive CSCs in vivo. DSF/Cu (0.5/1 μmol/l) significantly inhibited the expression of stem cell transcription factors (Sox2, Oct-4 and Nanog) and reduced the capacities of NSCLC stem cells for self-renewal, proliferation and invasion in vitro. Regular injections with DSF/Cu (60/2.4 mg/kg) reduced the size of tumors derived from sorted ALDH-positive stem cells. Two other NOD/SCID xenograft models were used to determine whether DSF/Cu could target NSCLC stem cells and inhibit tumor recurrence in vivo. DSF/Cu treatment eliminated ALDH-positive cells and inhibited tumor recurrence, which was reflected by reduced tumor growth in recipient mice that were inoculated with tumor cells derived from DSF/Cu-treated cells or primary xenografts. RNA interference and overexpression of ALDH isozymes suggested that ALDH1A1, which plays a key role in ALDH-positive NSCLC stem cells, might be the target of the DSF/Cu complex. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DSF/Cu targets ALDH1A1 to inhibit NSCLC recurrence driven by ALDH-positive CSCs. Thus, the DSF/Cu complex may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients.
Q-Band Millimeter-Wave Antennas: An Enabling Technology for MultiGigabit Wireless Backhaul (2014)

The bandwidth demands in mobile communication systems are growing exponentially day by day as the number of users has increased drastically over the last five years. This mobile data explosion, together with the fixed service limitations, requires a new approach to support this increase in bandwidth demand. Solutions based on lower-frequency microwave wireless systems may be able to meet the bandwidth demand in a short term. However, with the small-cell mass deployment requiring total capacities of 1 Gb/s/km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , scalable, multigigabit backhaul systems are required. Millimeter-wave technology fits nicely into these new backhaul scenarios as it provides extended bandwidth for high-capacity links and adaptive throughput rate, which allows efficient and flexible deployment. Besides these advantages, millimeter-wave solutions become even more attractive when the cost of backhaul solutions and the cost of spectrum licenses are factored in. Compared to the cost of laying fiber to a cell base station, which is the only other scalable solution, the millimeter-wave solution becomes the most appropriate approach.
Efficient surface normal multi-stage grating couplers in silicon based waveguides (2013)

A multi-stage fiber-grating coupler design is evolved from random conditions, fabricated, and tested on a silicon platform. Simultaneous input/output coupling from a standard fiber array at perfectly normal incidence yields a 59.8% efficiency per grating.
Simultaneous Sulfur Dioxide Absorption and Hydrogen Sulfide Generation in an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Sulfide (1996)

In flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes, elemental sulfur is the desirable end product for SO2 producers located in remote areas, since it is easier to handle and transport. To convert sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur via the Claus reaction, hydrogen sulfide is needed as a reductant. In the present work, an attempt was made to generate H2S from aqueous sodium sulfide using SO2. The behavior of the Na2S(aq)−SO2(g)−H2S(g) system was studied experimentally and by modeling. A three-stage pattern was observed in a semi flow batch reactor (SFBR) in regard to chemical properties of this system. It was concluded that aqueous Na2S solution can be used to absorb SO2 in flue gas and to generate H2S under conditions of the second stage. The simultaneous SO2 absorption and H2S generation in an aqueous Na2S solution were confirmed using a continuous flow tank reactor (CFTR). To simulate both the SFBR and the CFTR, two mathematical models were developed based on chemical equilibria of acid−base reactions and mass and charge balances. Results show that thermodynamic analysis of acid−base reactions can describe the behavior of the Na2S(aq)−SO2(g)−H2S(g) system when redox reactions are suppressed.
The Effect of Particle Size on Hydrolysis Reaction Rates and Rheological Properties in Cellulosic Slurries (2007)

The effect of varying initial particle sizes on enzymatic hydrolysis rates and rheological properties of sawdust slurries is investigated. Slurries with four particle size ranges (33 μm < x ≤ 75 μm, 150 μm < x ≤ 180 μm 295 μm < x ≤ 425 μm, and 590 μm < x ≤ 850 μm) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme dosage of filter paper units per gram of cellulose at 50°C and 250 rpm in shaker flasks. At lower initial particle sizes, higher enzymatic reaction rates and conversions of cellulose to glucose were observed. After 72 h 50 and 55% more glucose was produced from the smallest size particles than the largest size ones, for initial solids concentration of 10 and 13% (w/w), respectively. The effect of initial particle size on viscosity over a range of shear was also investigated. For equivalent initial solids concentration, smaller particle sizes result in lower viscosities such that at a concentration of 10% (w/w), the viscosity decreased from 3000 cP for 150 μm < x ≤ 180 μm particle size slurries to 61.4 cP for 33 μm < x ≤ 75 μm particle size slurries. Results indicate particle size reduction may provide a means for reducing the long residence time required for the enzymatic hydrolysis step in the conversion of biomass to ethanol. Furthermore, the corresponding reduction in viscosity may allow for higher solids loading and reduced reactor sizes during large-scale processing.
Rotating your face using multi-task deep neural network (2015)

Face recognition under viewpoint and illumination changes is a difficult problem, so many researchers have tried to solve this problem by producing the pose- and illumination- invariant feature. Zhu et al. [26] changed all arbitrary pose and illumination images to the frontal view image to use for the invariant feature. In this scheme, preserving identity while rotating pose image is a crucial issue. This paper proposes a new deep architecture based on a novel type of multitask learning, which can achieve superior performance in rotating to a target-pose face image from an arbitrary pose and illumination image while preserving identity. The target pose can be controlled by the user's intention. This novel type of multi-task model significantly improves identity preservation over the single task model. By using all the synthesized controlled pose images, called Controlled Pose Image (CPI), for the pose-illumination-invariant feature and voting among the multiple face recognition results, we clearly outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms by more than 4~6% on the MultiPIE dataset.
Heme Requirement of a Novel Yeast-lysing Bacterium (1987)

A novel yeast-lysing bacterium (YLM-1) grew on nutrient agar containing yeast cell-free extract, but not on nutrient agar. We searched for the growth factor for YLM-1, which turned out to be hemin or hemoproteins, catalase or horseradish peroxidase. Also, the effects of growth accelerators and inhibitors on H2O2 metabolism were discussed.
Editorial (2012)

After five years as Editor-in-Chief of Planta Medica, the time has come to look back and to make some reflections about the future. Over the past few years the number of issues of Planta Medica has increased from 12 to 18 per year. Electronic access has widely been promoted, and the impact factor has increased from 1.746 (IF 2006) to 2.369 (IF 2010), the all-time highest impact factor the journal has ever reached. This is a clear indication that Planta Medica continues to grow as an attractive journal in the field of Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research, and that the Editorial Board is in a position to choose only those manuscripts that meet the highest scientific standards. Some highlights of the past year include the Special Issue on Tropical Diseases, edited by J. Bero and J. Quetin-Leclercq [1], the Special Issue with selected contributions from the 7th Tannin Conference and the 58th Annual Congress of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research in Berlin [2], and the abstract volume of the 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (4–9 September 2011, Antalya, Turkey), edited by K. H. C. Başer [3]. For 2012 there are also two Special Issues scheduled.
Size Distributions of Gold Nanoparticles in Solution Measured by Single-Particle Mass Photometry (2021)

Specialized applications of nanoparticles often call for particular, well-characterized particle size distributions in solution, but this property can prove difficult to measure. High-throughput methods, such as dynamic light scattering, detect nanoparticles in solution with an efficiency that scales with diameter to the sixth power. This diminishes the accuracy of any determination that must span a range of particle sizes. The accurate classification of broadly distributed systems thus requires very large numbers of measurements. Mass-filtered particle-sensing techniques offer a better dynamic range but are labor-intensive and so have low throughput. Progress in many areas of nanotechnology requires a faster, lower-cost, and more accurate measure of particle size distributions, particularly for diameters smaller than 20 nm. Here, we present a tailored interferometric microscope system, combined with a high-speed image-processing strategy, optimized for real-time particle tracking that determines accurate size distributions in nominal 5, 10, and 15 nm colloidal gold nanoparticle systems by automatically sensing and classifying thousands of single particles sampled from solution at rates as high as 4000 particles per minute. We demonstrate this method by sensing the irreversible binding of gold nanoparticles to poly-d-lysine functionalized coverslips. Variations in the single-particle signal as a function of time and mass, calibrated by TEM, show clear evidence for the presence of diffusion-limited transport that most affects larger particles in solution.
Development of a Procedure to Correlate, Validate and Confirm Radar Characteristics of Surrogate Targets for ADAS Testing (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Surrogate targets are used throughout the automotive industry to safely and repeatably test Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and will likely find similar applications in tests of Automated Driving Systems. For those test results to be applicable to real-world scenarios, the surrogate targets must be representative of the real-world objects that they emulate. Early target development efforts were generally divided into those that relied on sophisticated radar measurement facilities and those that relied on ad-hoc measurements using automotive grade equipment. This situation made communication and interpretation of results between research groups, target developers and target users difficult. SAE J3122, “Test Target Correlation - Radar Characteristics”, was developed by the SAE Active Safety Systems Standards Committee to address this and other challenges associated with target development and use. J3122 addresses four topics. First, it describes standardized equipment and procedures for making various types of calibrated radar measurements using automotive grade equipment, with minimal measurement site restrictions. Second, a correlation procedure is provided that is used to define validity regions and properties of representative real-world objects. Third, a validation procedure is provided for comparing candidate targets against measurements of representative objects using an objective correlation score. Finally, a confirmation procedure is provided for checking in-use targets to verify that they continue to be acceptable for testing. This paper describes each of these topics as well as the process development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Joint power-loading and cyclic prefix length optimization for OFDM-based power line communication (2013)

The use of a cyclic prefix (CP) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) allows to avoid inter-carrier interference (ICI), but also diminishes the efficiency of the modulation scheme. We study the problem of jointly optimizing the CP length and the discrete bit and power-loading under ICI in OFDM, exemplified by its application to power line communication (PLC). We derive a low-complexity linear programming (LP) based performance upper-bound which is applicable to analyze the suboptimality of bit-loading heuristics under varying CP lengths. Furthermore, a branch-and-bound heuristic is proposed for low-complexity CP-length selection. While we do not expect the LP bound to be tight in all possible interference scenarios, our simulation results support the hypothesis that it is sufficiently tight in the range of near-optimal CP lengths in order to provide guidelines for optimal as well as heuristic CP-length selection.
Precursor-route poly(p-phenylenevinylene): polymer characterisation and control of electronic properties (1987)

The authors review the results of extensive studies that have been reported by the author and by other workers on the preparation and properties of the conjugated polymer poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV). The use of the sulphonium polyelectrolyte precursor-route synthesis gives considerable flexibility for materials processing and it is shown that high-quality samples of controlled morphology, crystallinity, orientation and length of uninterrupted conjugated sequences can be obtained through a suitable choice of preparation conditions. Where applicable, the experimental results are compared with those obtained from theoretical calculations and any discrepancies are discussed.
Einsatz von E-Learning an der Universität Stuttgart: Wünsche, Bedarfe und Zukunftsperspektiven (Symposium "Digitale Trends 2025 - Entwicklungen in der akademischen Bildung" am 15.10.2015) (2015)

Symposium "Digitale Trends 2025 - Entwicklungen in der akademischen Bildung" Referenten: Prof. Dr. Michael Weyrich &amp; Philipp Marks, Universität Stuttgart Die Referenten beschreiben die Entwicklung und Planung von E-Learning-Angeboten an der Universität Stuttgart und zeigen Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Studierenden und Dozierenden. Mehr Infos: http://www.zml.kit.edu/digitale-trends-2025.php
Abstract LB-311: Development of mutant-specific small molecule inhibitors of K-Ras. (2013)

Abstract Activating mutations in K-Ras are among the most common lesions found in human cancer, and such mutations are generally associated with poor prognosis. Despite numerous efforts in academia and industry, small molecule inhibitors that directly target K-Ras remain elusive. Even more highly desired are molecules that selectively target mutant K-Ras while sparing the wild type protein. We have used a fragment-based screen to discover oncogenic mutant-specific inhibitors of K-Ras. Crystallographic studies with multiple inhibitors in complex with K-Ras reveal that the compounds bind in a novel hydrophobic pocket that is not apparent in any published crystal structure of Ras. These inhibitors disrupt the conformations of Switch I and Switch II, domains that are essential for the association and activation of downstream signaling partners. Our medicinal chemistry effort has greatly improved potency, showing that this pocket is particularly amenable to chemical optimization. In vitro biochemical characterization of these inhibitors confirms that they block Ras function. Our discovery of a new druggable pocket in K-Ras, and a set of inhibitors that bind to it in a mutant-specific fashion, provides a promising new avenue for the direct pharmacological inhibition of oncogenic Ras. Citation Format: Jonathan M. Ostrem, Ulf Peters, Pingda Ren, Yi Liu, James A. Wells, Kevan M. Shokat. Development of mutant-specific small molecule inhibitors of K-Ras. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-311
Influence of Phase Matching of the Cooper Minimum in Argon High Harmonic Spectra (2011)

We systematically study interference minima in high harmonic spectra using the Cooper minimum in argon, emphasizing that phase matching must be taken into account to fully understand spectral features relevant for harmonic spectroscopy.
Neuregulin 1-Βeta Cytoprotective Role in AML 12 Mouse Hepatocytes Exposed to Pentachlorophenol (2006)

Neuregulins are a family of growth factor domain proteins that are structurally related to the epidermal growth factor. Accumulating evidence has shown that neuregulins have cyto- and neuroprotective properties in various cell types. In particular, the neuregulin-1 Beta (NRG1-Beta) isoform is well documented for its antiinflammatory properties in rat brain after acute stroke episodes. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound that has been widely used as a biocide in several industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. Previous investigations from our laboratory have demonstrated that PCP exerts both cytotoxic and mitogenic effects in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells, primary catfish hepatocytes and AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. We have also shown that in HepG2 cells, PCP has the ability to induce stress genes that may play a role in the molecular events leading to toxicity and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we hypothesize that NRG1-Beta will exert its cytoprotective effects in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes by its ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. To test this hypothesis, we performed the MTT-cell respiration assay to assess cell viability, and Western-blot analysis to assess stress-related proteins as a consequence of PCP exposure. Data obtained from 48 h-viability studies demonstrated a biphasic response; showing a dose-dependent increase in cell viability within the range of 0 to 3.87 microg/mL, and a gradual decrease within the concentration range of 7.75 to 31.0 microg/mL in concomitant treatments of NRG1-Beta+PCP and PCP. Cell viability percentages indicated that NRG1-Beta+PCPtreated cells were not significantly impaired, while PCP-treated cells were appreciably affected; suggesting that NRG1-Beta has the ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. Western Blot analysis demonstrated the potential of PCP to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response (c-fos), growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD153), proteotoxic effects (HSP70), cell cycle arrest as consequence of DNA damage (p53), mitogenic response (cyclin- D1), and apoptosis (caspase-3). NRG1-Beta exposure attenuated stress-related protein expression in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. Here we provide clear evidence that NRG1-Beta exerts cytoprotective effects in AML 12 mouse hepatocytes exposed to PCP.
BeamStar: An Edge-Based Approach to Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Current expectations on sensor node in terms of size, cost, and energy efficiency have led to a severely limited design space on hardware and software. In this paper, we explore capabilities at the network edge for sensor networks, aiming to reduce the hardware and software complexity of a sensor node without sacrificing network performance. We present a novel edge-based routing protocol, nicknamed BeamStar, for wireless sensor networks. Under BeamStar, the base station exploits some nice properties associated with directional antenna and power control at the base station. We devise a simple protocol so that each sensor node can determine its location information passively with minimum control overhead. We also show how to design a robust routing protocol based on the location information at each sensor node. Under the proposed protocol, sensor nodes are relieved of the activities (or burdens) that are associated with control and routing, thus enabling much simpler hardware and software implementation at sensor nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that BeamStar achieves high reliability at comparable energy consumptions as compared with prior work. It is a viable approach to pursue size and cost reduction for future sensor node design.
Sera from Volunteers Immunized by Planned Blood Transfusions as a Source of Dr Cytotoxic Typing Reagents (1979)

Sera from volunteers immunized with planned blood transfusions were tested for anti DR cytotoxic antibodies with a panel of HLA typed cultured human lymphoid cells using a variety of serological techniques. The majority of sera contained DR cytotoxic antibodies. The specificity of DR antibodies in seven sera was determined by testing them with a panel of B peripheral lymphocytes typed with DR alloantisera submitted to the 7th International Histocompatibility Workshop. The temporal evolution of DR and HLA-A and B cytotoxic antibodies was determined in two subjects by testing serial bleedings with B lymphoid cells, coated with Fab2 fragments from anti beta 2 mu and anti DR xenoantisera. Results indicated a parallel evolution of DR and HLA-A and B cytotoxic antibodies.
Supplementary Data from Bortezomib Primes Neuroblastoma Cells for TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Linking the Death Receptor to the Mitochondrial Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S4; Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;
T Cell Regulation of Specific B Cell Responses (1978)

Abstract The role of T cells in the generation of specific antibodies to antigens under Ir gene control was investigated in strain 2 guinea pigs. The specificity of anti-α,Dnp-Lys9 antibody was studied in guinea pigs with intact immune responses and in strain 2 guinea pigs deprived of T cells by adult thymectomy, lethal irradiation, and reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells. Conventional strain 2 guinea pigs developed both T cell responses and highly specific anti-α,Dnp-Lys9 antibody. In contrast, strain 2 “B” guinea pigs failed to develop delayed hypersensitivity and in vitro T cell responses. Nevertheless, these “B” guinea pigs could produce anti-Dnp antibody of restricted heterogeneity and in quantities comparable to those produced by the conventional strain 2 guinea pigs. It was shown that anti-α,Dnp-Lys9 antibody produced in strain 2 “B” guinea pigs lacking specific T cell responses could not distinguish α,Dnp-Lys9 from dinitrophenol. Similar antibodies are produced in strain 13 guinea pigs that are poly-L-lysine, Ir gene negative. Reconstitution of strain 2 “B” guinea pigs with normal T cells enabled them to develop both cell-mediated immune responses and antibody of highly discriminatory power. These findings support the notion that in the absence of specific T cells, comparably specific B cell antibody responses cannot be generated, and perhaps more importantly, that specific T cells are required to facilitate the amplification of unique B cell clones.