gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic IMRT for prostate cancer: Dosimetric impact of multileaf collimator leaf width in the treatment of prostate cancer with IMRT (2004)

The focus of this work is the dosimetric impact of multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf width on the treatment of prostate cancer with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Ten patients with prostate cancer were planned for IMRT delivery using two different MLC leaf widths--4mm and 10mm--representing the Radionics micro-multileaf collimator (mMLC) and Siemens MLC, respectively. Treatment planning was performed on the XKnifeRT2 treatment-planning system (Radionics, Burlington, MA). All beams and optimization parameters were identical for the mMLC and MLC plans. All the plans were normalized to ensure that 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) received 100% of the prescribed dose. The differences in dose distribution between the two different plans were assessed by dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis of the target and critical organs. We specifically compared the volume of rectum receiving 40 Gy (V40), 50 Gy (V50), 60 Gy (V60), the dose received by 17% and 35% of rectum (D17 and D35), and the maximum dose to 1 cm3 of the rectum for a prescription dose of 74 Gy. For the urinary bladder, the dose received by 25% of bladder (D25), V40, and the maximum dose to 1 cm3 of the organ were recorded. For PTV we compared the maximum dose to the "hottest" 1 cm3 (Dmax1 cm3) and the dose to 99% of the PTV (D99). The dose inhomogeneity in the target, defined as the ratio of the difference in Dmax1 cm3 and D99 to the prescribed dose, was also compared between the two plans. In all cases studied, significant reductions in the volume of rectum receiving doses less than 65 Gy were seen using the mMLC. The average decrease in the volume of the rectum receiving 40 Gy, 50 Gy, and 60 Gy using the mMLC plans was 40.2%, 33.4%, and 17.7%, respectively, with p < 0.0001 for V40 and V50 and p < 0.012 for V60. The mean dose reductions for D17 and D35 for the rectum using the mMLC were 20.4% (p < 0.0001) and 18.3% (p < 0.0002), respectively. There were consistent reductions in all dose indices studied for the bladder. The target dose inhomogeneity was improved in the mMLC plans by an average of 29%. In the high-dose range, there was no significant difference in the dose deposited in the "hottest" 1 cm3 of the rectum between the two plans for all cases (p > 0.78). In conclusion, the use of the mMLC for IMRT of the prostate resulted in significant improvement in the DVH parameters of the prostate and critical organs, which may improve the therapeutic ratio.
Hospital respiratory protection program toolkit: resources for respirator program administrators. (2015)

This toolkit was developed to assist hospitals in developing and implementing effective respiratory protection programs, with an emphasis on preventing the transmission of aerosol transmissible diseases to healthcare personnel.
Removal of impurities from dry scrubbed fluoride enriched alumina (1996)

The pot-gas from an aluminum electrolytic cell is cleaned by a dry scrubbing process using fresh alumina as a scrubbing agent. This alumina is enriched with fluorides and trace impurities in a closed loop system with the pots. The only significant removal of the impurities is due to metal tapping. An improved technique has been developed that is more effective than earlier stripper systems. The impurity-rich fine fraction (< 10 {micro}m) of the enriched alumina is partly attached to the coarser alumina. That attachment has to be broken. Selective impact milling under special moderate conditions and air classifying have shown to be a cost effective process for the removal of impurities. For iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) about 30--70% can be removed by the separation of 0.5--1% of the alumina. Full scale tests have successfully confirmed these results.
Make your practice more profitable (2001)

Doctors are finding nontraditional ways to supplement stagnant practice earnings--selling everything from pregnancy calendars to advice on aging. Here&s what works.
A framework for collaborative and distributed web-based design (1999)

Article Free Access Share on A framework for collaborative and distributed web-based design Authors: Gangadhar Konduri Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Anantha Chandrakasan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 898–903https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.310095Published:01 June 1999Publication History 12citation497DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads497Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Fully-Online Suffix Tree and Directed Acyclic Word Graph Construction for Multiple Texts (2015)

We consider construction of the suffix tree and the directed acyclic word graph (DAWG) indexing data structures for a collection $\mathcal{T}$ of texts, where a new symbol may be appended to any text in $\mathcal{T} = \{T_1, \ldots, T_K\}$, at any time. This fully-online scenario, which arises in dynamically indexing multi-sensor data, is a natural generalization of the long solved semi-online text indexing problem, where texts $T_1, \ldots, T_{k}$ are permanently fixed before the next text $T_{k+1}$ is processed for each $1 \leq k &lt; K$. We present fully-online algorithms that construct the suffix tree and the DAWG for $\mathcal{T}$ in $O(N \log σ)$ time and $O(N)$ space, where $N$ is the total lengths of the strings in $\mathcal{T}$ and $σ$ is their alphabet size. The standard explicit representation of the suffix tree leaf edges and some DAWG edges must be relaxed in our fully-online scenario, since too many updates on these edges are required in the worst case. Instead, we provide access to the updated suffix tree leaf edge labels and the DAWG edges to be redirected via auxiliary data structures, in $O(\log σ)$ time per added character.
A Comparison of Building Energy Code Stringency: 2009 IRC versus 2012 IRC for Single-Family Residences in Texas (2011)

In 2007, the 80th legislature mandated the Energy Systems Laboratory (Laboratory) to take part in Texas rule-making process. As detailed in the Health and Safety Code, Chapter 388., Texas Building Energy Performance Standards, Sec. 388.003 (b-1), the Laboratory is required to submit written recommendations to the State Energy Conservation Office (SECO) on whether the energy efficiency provisions of the latest published editions of the International Residential Code (IRC) or the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) for residential or commercial energy efficiency and air quality are equivalent to or more stringent than the provisions of editions previously adopted as the Texas Building Energy Performance Standards (TBEPS).&#13;\n&#13;\nThis report, focusing on single-family residence provisions, is in support of the letter of recommendation sent to the State Energy Conservation office (SECO) on December 8, 2011. The report provides a detailed technical analysis comparing the stringency of the Texas Building Energy Performance Standards (TBEPS), based on Chapter 11 of the 2009 International Residential Code (2009 IRC) for single-family residential construction, to the recently published 2012 International Residential Code (2012 IRC), Chapter 11.
The influence of solvent composition on the coordination environment of the Co/Mn/Br based para-xylene oxidation catalyst as revealed by EPR and ESEEM spectroscopy (2022)

The industrially important para -xylene oxidation reaction, based on a Co/Mn/Br catalyst, operates in a water/acetic acid (H 2 O/AcOH) solvent system.
Novel Multi-Stage Transmultiplexing Digital Down Converter for Implementation of RFID (ISO18000-3 MODE 2) Reader/Writer (2007)

Implementation of RFID reader/writer on software defined radio is studied in this paper. The target RFID is ISO 18000-3 mode 2 which has 8 reply channels for simultaneous communication with 8 different RFID tags. In the software defined radio architecture, the 8 reply channels are sampled at a single A/D converter and separated by digital down converters, whereas conventional RFID architecture has redundant 8 parallel analog down converters. A novel multi-stage transmultiplexing digital down converter is proposed for efficient implementation of multi-channel digital down converter. Moreover the proposed architecture is implemented on a FPGA evaluation board, and validity of the system is confirmed on a real hardware.
Production of High Loaded Paper by Dual Flow Additions of Fillers (I) -Effects of Filler Addition at Thick Stock on Paper Properties and Papermaking Process - (2011)

Fillers have been used for papermaking in order to enhance the optical properties, to improve sheet formation, printability and dimensional stability and to reduce the furnish cost. However, filler particles in paper interfere with fiber-fiber bonding, resulting in decreased paper strength. In order to increase filler content in paper without sacrificing too much paper strength, dual addition technology of fillers was investigated. As a first step, the effects of thick stock addition of fillers on paper properties and papermaking process were elucidated. It was shown that thick stock addition of fillers could increase paper strength at a given filler content. No significant adverse effects on formation, drainage and filler retention were observed. However, bulk of paper was reduced with thick stock addition of fillers, which shall be resolved with regulating other factors such as the mixing ratio of pulps and type of fillers.
Novel highly sensitive conductometric biosensor based on arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma hominis for determination of arginine (2022)

Herein, a novel arginine-sensitive conductometric biosensor based on a recombinant arginine deiminase (ADI) from Mycoplasma hominis, which was produced in E. coli, was developed for the detection of L-arginine. To develop the biosensor, ADI was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde on the sensitive surface of the interdigitated electrodes of the conductometric transducer. In this work, the optimal conditions of enzyme immobilization (enzyme concentration and time of immobilization) were determined. The influence of solution parameters (pH, ionic strength and buffer capacity) on the biosensor sensitivity was studied. The biosensor showed high selectivity in the presence of non-target compounds. The main analytical characteristics of the developed biosensor were as follows: linear range – 20–750 μM, limit of detection – 2 µM, response time – 1–1.5 min. The biosensor demonstrated high stability at different storage conditions and was more stable when stored dry at − 18 ºC. Finally, the developed biosensor was used for quantification of arginine in dietary supplements; the results obtained were in good correlation with the results of ion chromatography.
N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-Hexamethylguanidinium 1,1,3,3-tetracyanoprop-2-en-1-ide (2016)

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C 7 H 18 N 3 + ·C 7 HN 4 − , comprises one cation and one anion. The N , N , N ′, N ′, N ′′, N ′′-hexamethylguanidinium ion shows orientational disorder and two sets of N- and C-atom positions were found, with an occupancy ratio of 0.535 (3):0.465 (3). The C—N bond lengths in the guanidinium ion range from 1.339 (16) to 1.35 (2) Å, indicating partial double-bond character pointing towards charge delocalization within the NCN planes. The negative charge in the 1,1,3,3-tetracyanoprop-2-en-1-ide ion is delocalized within the CCC planes with the C—C bonds ranging in length from 1.379 (3) to 1.427 (3) Å, also indicating partial double-bond character.
Photoresponse of a Single Y-Junction Carbon Nanotube (2016)

We report investigation of optical response in a single strand of a branched carbon nanotube (CNT), a Y-junction CNT composed of multiwalled CNTs. The experiment was performed by connecting a pair of branches while grounding the remaining one. Of the three branch combinations, only one combination is optically active which also shows a nonlinear semiconductor-like I-V curve, while the other two branch combinations are optically inactive and show linear ohmic I-V curves. The photoresponse includes a zero-bias photocurrent from the active branch combination. Responsivity of ≈1.6 mA/W has been observed from a single Y-CNT at a moderate bias of 150 mV with an illumination of wavelength 488 nm. The photoresponse experiment allows us to understand the nature of internal connections in the Y-CNT. Analysis of data locates the region of photoactivity at the junction of only two branches and only the combination of these two branches (and not individual branches) exhibits photoresponse upon illumination. A model calculation based on back-to-back Schottky-type junctions at the branch connection explains the I-V data in the dark and shows that under illumination the barriers at the contacts become lowered due to the presence of photogenerated carriers.
Reduction of Event Structures under History Preserving Bisimulation (2014)

Event structures represent concurrent processes in terms of events and dependencies between events modelling behavioural relations like causality and conflict. Since the introduction of prime event structures, many variants of event structures have been proposed with different behavioural relations and, hence, with differences in their expressive power. One of the possible benefits of using a more expressive event structure is that of having a more compact representation for the same behaviour when considering the number of events used in a prime event structure. Therefore, this article addresses the problem of reducing the size of an event structure while preserving behaviour under a well-known notion of equivalence, namely history preserving bisimulation. In particular, we investigate this problem on two generalisations of the prime event structures. The first one, known as asymmetric event structure, relies on a asymmetric form of the conflict relation. The second one, known as flow event structure, supports a form of disjunctive causality. More specifically, we describe the conditions under which a set of events in an event structure can be folded into a single event while preserving the original behaviour. The successive application of this folding operation leads to a minimal size event structure. However, the order on which the folding operation is applied may lead to different minimal size event structures. The latter has a negative implication on the potential use of a minimal size event structure as a canonical representation for behaviour.
On the Detection of Symmetries in Compositional Markov Models (2009)

A model-based evaluation of a system's design often considers to what degree components need to be available multiple times in order to reach a desired level of availability, reliability or dependability. Multiple components of the same kind then lead to models with regular structures and symmetries. In stochastic models, especially Markovian models, such regularities have been used to establish lumpability results. In this paper, we propose a procedure to detect symmetries in a Markovian model that is built in a compositional manner by sharing state variables. The symmetries give insight into a model and help to achieve a significant state space reduction, which alleviates the effects of the infamous state space explosion problem. The results extend existing work of Obal, McQuinn, and Sanders; in particular, we focus on variables in functional transition rates that commute in order to take additional symmetries into account. The overall approach contributes to Mobius, a multi-paradigm, multi-solution framework for the model-based dependability and performance assessment of systems.
Compass clustering (2012)

Knowledge discovery in large online photographic repositories has been an active area of research in recent years. This is due to the great popularization of devices equipped with image capture, such as digital cameras, smartphones and tablets. Moreover, the image files generated by those devices are easily spread out on the Web through social networking sites. Typically, the photos stored in these repositories bear valuable metadata, such as, geographic coordinates, timestamp, and camera orientation. This information can be used for many interesting data mining tasks, such as detection of points-of-interest (POIs) and trip planning. This paper introduces Compass Clustering, a new clustering algorithm for detecting POIs in georeferenced and oriented photo repositories. Most of the state-of-the-art approaches for POI detection cluster photos based solely on their geographic proximity. However, in many cases, the POIs are within a certain distance from the point where the photo was taken, that is, not in the exact camera location but in the direction it is pointing to, and thus many photos would be erroneously classified by existing methods. Therefore, we propose to exploit the camera orientation in order to identify more reliable POIs that reflect the real intention of people when taking photos. We evaluated our approach on a collection of more than 8,000 georeferenced and oriented photos collected from Flickr.
Extracellular Products Associated with Virulent and Avirulent Strains ofEdwardsiella ictalurifrom Channel Catfish (1994)

Little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms possessed by Edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiological agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Extracellular products probably play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Comparative studies were done to assess the extracellular products present in virulent and in avirulent (attenuated) strains of E. ictaluri. Virulence factors studied were capsule production, detection of surface proteins, and hemolytic and chondroitinase activities. Electron microscopy showed a fibrilar network connecting virulent cells. Virulent isolates had greater amounts of capsular material and surface proteins, and they demonstrated a greater ability to degrade chondroitin than avirulent forms. There was no clear correlation between hemolytic activity and virulence.
Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing Mediated by ADARs in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the major histologic form of esophageal cancer, is a heterogeneous tumor displaying a complex variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. Aberrant RNA editing of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), as it is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR), represents a common posttranscriptional modification in certain human diseases. In this study, we investigated the status and role of ADARs and altered A-to-I RNA editing in ESCC tumorigenesis. Among the three ADAR enzymes expressed in human cells, only ADAR1 was overexpressed in primary ESCC tumors. ADAR1 overexpression was due to gene amplification. Patients with ESCC with tumoral overexpression of ADAR1 displayed a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo functional assays established that ADAR1 functions as an oncogene during ESCC progression. Differential expression of ADAR1 resulted in altered gene-specific editing activities, as reflected by hyperediting of FLNB and AZIN1 messages in primary ESCC. Notably, the edited form of AZIN1 conferred a gain-of-function phenotype associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Our findings reveal that altered gene-specific A-to-I editing events mediated by ADAR1 drive the development of ESCC, with potential implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disease.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly report on the strontium heat source development program, Division of Nuclear Research and Applications for January 1977. [WESF /sup 90/SrF/sub 2/ capsules] (1977)

At Hanford, strontium is separated from the high-level waste, converted to the fluoride, and doubly encapsulated in small, high-integrity containers for subsequent long-term storage, The fluoride conversion, encapsulation and storage take place in the Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facilities (WESF). The encapsulated strontium fluoride represents an economical source of /sup 90/Sr if the WESF capsule can be licensed for heat source applications under anticipated use conditions. The objectives of this program are to obtain the data needed to license /sup 90/SrF/sub 2/ heat sources and specifically the WESF /sup 90/SrF/sub 2/ capsules. Research progress is reported on: (1) chemical and physical properties of /sup 90/SrF/sub 2/; (2) /sup 90/SrF/sub 2/ compatibility studies; and (3) capsule qualification and licensing.
An outbreak of hepatitis A in Gloucester, UK. (1992)

During an outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in Gloucester, UK between September 1989 and January 1991, 162 clinical cases were identified through notifications and laboratory reports, a monthly attack rate of 1.05 per 10,000 residents. The highest attack rate was seen in 5-14-year-olds. There were significant correlations between hepatitis A attack rates in the electoral wards of Gloucester and with the Jarman UPA 8 scores for the wards and with overcrowding, unemployment, under 5-year-olds and ethnic minority. The use of human normal immune globulin prophylaxis (HNIG) for household contacts was unsuccessful in ending the outbreak, partly because only one third of cases reported a household contact with recent hepatitis A. Our experience does not support the use of HNIG in stopping community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A. Two public health campaigns were mounted during the outbreak; both were followed by a fall in the number of cases. Greater priority should be given to the implementation and evaluation of public health campaigns in future community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A.
Crystallization kinetics of Fe-B amorphous alloys (1978)

Amorphous Fe-B ribbons with 72-88 a/o Fe were prepared by melt-spinning. The inception of crystallization and the growth of crystals was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The activation energy, ΔE, and the pre-exponential constant, A, for both the inception of crystallization and the peak in the crystallization exotherm are independent of composition from 72-82 a/o Fe. ΔE and A steadily decline as the Fe content is increased from 82 to 88 a/o Fe. The concurrence of the ΔE and A values for the inception of crystallization and for the peak in the crystallization exotherm suggests that the same diffusion mechanism is controlling the kinetics in both periods. This compositional dependence of constants in the Arrhenius relation is attributed to decreased filling of holes by B in the Bernal-like structure as the Fe content increases.
Who We Are & What We Can Do (2012)

Agricultural and biological engineering has an identity crisis. Whenever I attend conferences (other than ASABE meetings) or meet with academic or industry people who are not agricultural and biological engineers, they ask, “Where are you from?” I answer, “The University of Arizona.” They respond, “Which department are you in?” To which I reply, “The Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering.”