gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Sulfide Using Mercapto Tetrazine-Protected Fluorescent Gold Nanodots: Preparation of Paper-Based Testing Kit for On-Site Monitoring (2017)

This work demonstrates the development of a highly sensitive method to detect and quantify sulfide ions (S<sup>2-</sup>) in water samples. First, we synthesized 6-mercapto-s-triazolo(4,3-b)-s-tetrazine (MTT) by the reaction between formaldehyde and 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole at room temperature. The synthetic MTT was used as a capping ligand for the synthesis of gold nanodots (AuNDs) via a one-pot green method at room temperature with only a 10 min reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited that the MTT-AuNDs have an average particle size of 1.9 nm and an emission maximum at 672 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. The synthesized highly red emissive MTT-AuNDs are used as specific fluorescent probes for the detection of S<sup>2-</sup>. The fluorescence of MTT-AuNDs was significantly and dose-dependently quenched by the addition of S<sup>2-</sup>. The observed fluorescence quenching was ascribed to the formation of an Au<sub>2</sub>S complex, which was determined by Raman and mass spectroscopy. A good linearity was achieved for the increasing concentration of S<sup>2-</sup> from 870 nM to 16 μM, and the detection limit was found to be 2 nM (S/N = 3). The S<sup>2-</sup> detection system that is described in this study was validated and agreed well with the standard methylene blue method. Furthermore, the present sensor was examined for its use in quantifying S<sup>2-</sup> in real water samples obtained from lakes and rivers. In addition, the specificity was checked against the most likely ion interferences in real water. Moreover, a cost-effective and viable paper-based S<sup>2-</sup> sensor was fabricated for environmental monitoring based on the use of MTT-AuNDs. The developed system would be an environmentally friendly and easy-to-use detection device for S<sup>2-</sup> in water.
Carriage of a single strain of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar Belfanti ( Corynebacterium belfantii ) in four patients with cystic fibrosis (2019)

ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are commonly colonized by bacterial pathogens, which can induce persistent lung inflammation and may contribute to clinical deterioration. Colonization of CF patients and cross-transmission by Corynebacterium diphtheriae has not been reported so far. The aim of this article was to investigate the possibility of a cross transmission of C. diphtheriae biovar Belfanti between four patients of a CF center. C. diphtheriae biovar belfanti (now formally called C. belfantii ) isolates were collected from four patients in a single CF care center over a 6 years period and analyzed by microbiological methods and whole genome sequencing. Epidemiological links among patients were investigated. Ten isolates were collected from 4 patients. Whole genome sequencing of one isolate from each patient showed that a single strain was shared among them. In addition, one patient had the same strain on two consecutive samplings nine months apart. The strain was non-toxigenic and was susceptible to most antimicrobial agents. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in one patient. Transmission of the strain among patients was supported by the occurrence of same-day visits to the CF center. This study demonstrates colonization of CF patients by C. diphtheriae biovar Belfanti ( C. belfantii ) and shows persistence and transmission of a unique strain during at least six years in a single CF patient care center. Previous meeting presentations The information in this work was not previously presented in any meeting. Accession numbers The genomic sequence data generated in this work were submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive and are available from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (NCBI/ENA/DDBJ) databases under project accession number PRJEB28372 and run data accession numbers ERR2757916 to ERR2757921.
Reproducibility of plasma and urinary sex hormone levels in premenopausal women over a one-year period. (1999)

Although endogenous sex steroid hormones in premenopausal women may be associated with the risk of breast cancer and other illnesses, direct evidence to support this hypothesis is limited in large part by methodological issues in the conduct of relevant studies. One major unresolved issue is whether a single blood sample (such as is available in most epidemiological studies), collected in a specific phase of the menstrual cycle, reflects long-term levels in that phase. To address this issue, two sets of blood and urine samples were obtained from 87 premenopausal women over a 1-year period in both the follicular and luteal phases. Plasma estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate were measured in the blood samples obtained in both phases, whereas progesterone and urinary 2- and 16a-hydroxyestrone were measured in luteal-phase samples only. For all of the women combined, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged, with one exception, from 0.52 to 0.71 for the plasma estrogens and the urinary estrogen metabolites. The sole exception was for estradiol in the luteal phase (ICC = 0.19); inclusion of only women who were ovulatory in both cycles and who collected each sample 4-10 days before their next period resulted in a substantially higher ICC for estradiol in the luteal phase (ICC = 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.78). These data indicate that, for several plasma and urinary sex hormones, a single follicular- or luteal-phase measurement in premenopausal women is reasonably representative of hormone levels in that phase for at least a 1-year period.
Incidence, case fatality, risk factors of acute coronary heart disease and occupational categories in men aged 30-59 in France. (1997)

Strong differences were observed between occupational categories and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, coronary events and CFR. These differences were found to be closely related to the social distribution of two major cardiovascular risk factors: tobacco smoking and blood pressure.
Corrosion Resistant Behavior of Silver-Zinc Alloys in Air-1% H<sub>2</sub>S (1986)

Ag-Zn alloys containing Zn over a range of 7 to 89% were exposed to Air-1% H2S with 2 or 90% relative humidity. After exposure periods of up to 20 days, the thickness of corrosion product layer was estimated by coulometric reduction. The composition and structure of corrosion product were investigated by XMA, AES and X-ray diffraction methods.The results obtained are summarized as follows.1) The desirable compositions to anti-tarnishing were in the range of 36 to 51% Zn, which gave the minimum surface film thickness.2) Surface film thickness on the most corrosion resistant alloy was estimated approximately 1/100 by coulometric reduction, as compared with the film thickness on pure Ag.3) AES data indicated that the corrosion products on the alloys containing more than 36.9% Zn mainly consisted of Zn compound with S. Conversely, XRD and AES data showed Ag2S with or without Zn, on the alloys containing less than 24.7% Zn.4) The results obtained by AES were in reasonable agreement with the results obtained by coulometric reduction.
Mechanical Properties of Case-Hardened Low Cr Sintered Steel (2016)

A newly developed Ni-free pre-alloyed steel powder, Fe-0.5 %Cr-0.2 %Mn-0.2 %Mo (JIP® 5CRA) shows a rotating bending fatigue limit of 510 MPa after compacting, sintering and case-hardening process. This is approximately 40 % higher than that of a case-hardened sintered steel based on a conventional diffusion bonded steel powder, Fe-4 %Ni-1.5 %Cu-0.5 %Mo (4Ni). This is attributed to the higher compressive residual stress of the 5CRA based material. In spite of the higher fatigue limit, its tensile strength is lower than that of the 4Ni based material. The difference in the microstructural transformation behavior is a possible cause of this reverse phenomenon.
Identification of novel therapeutic targets in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma using targeted next generation sequencing (2014)

Understanding genetic aberrations in cancer leads to discovery of new targets for cancer therapies. The genomic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully described. Therefore, patients with refractory advanced/metastatic HCC referred for experimental therapies, who had adequate tumor tissue available, had targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of their tumor samples using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (Foundation One, Foundation Medicine, MA) and their treatment outcomes were analyzed. In total, NGS was obtained for 14 patients (median number of prior therapies, 1) with advanced/metastatic HCC. Of these 14 patients, 10 (71%) were men, 4 (29%) women, 6 (43%) had hepatitis B or C-related HCC. NGS revealed at least 1 molecular abnormality in 12 patients (range 0-8, median 2). Detected molecular aberrations led to putative activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (n=3 [mTOR, PIK3CA, NF1]), Wnt pathway (n=6 [CTNNA1, CTNNB1]), MAPK pathway (n=2 [MAP2K1, NRAS]), and aberrant DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle control and apoptosis (n=18 [ATM, ATR, BAP1, CCND1, CDKN2A, CDK4, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, MCL1, MDM2, RB1, TP53]). Of the 3 patients with molecular aberrations putatively activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 2 received therapies including a mTOR inhibitor and all demonstrated therapeutic benefit ranging from a partial response to minor shrinkage per RECIST (-30%, -15%; respectively). In conclusion, genomic alterations are common in advanced HCC. Refractory patients with alterations putatively activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway demonstrated early signals of clinical activity when treated with therapies targeting mTOR.
Characterization of allergenic components from house dust mite Dermatophagoides siboney. Purification of Der s 1 and Der s 2 allergens (1995)

Based on the IgE binding profile of D. siboney and on the capacity to react with crossreacting monoclonal antibodies for groups 1 and 2, it is proposed to name these two allergens, 25 and 14 kDa, Der s 1 and Der s 2, respectively.
Nε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine and Coronary Atherosclerosis-Associated Low Density Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Status (2009)

In comparison to the general population, individuals with diabetes suffer a 3- to 4-fold increased risk for developing complications of atherosclerosis and vascular insufficiency. This fact should be taken into account to develop a suitable determinant for the early detection of these complications and subsequently reduce the adverse effect of type 2 diabetes. In vitro experiments have shown that the products of glucose auto-oxidation and Amadori adducts are both potential sources of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). Excessive formation of CML on low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been proposed to be an important mechanism for the dyslipidemia and accelerated atherogenesis observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. It has been postulated that the uptake of CML-LDL by LDL receptors is impaired, thereby decreasing its clearance from the blood circulation. Alternatively, the uptake of these modified LDL particles by scavenger receptors on macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and by AGE receptors on endothelial cells, SMCs, and monocytes is highly enhanced and this, in turn, is centrally positioned to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications especially coronary artery disease. The present review summarizes the up-to-date information on effects and mechanism of type 2 diabetes-associated coronary atherosclerosis induced by CML-LDL modification.
Bruns' nystagmus revisited: A sign of stroke in patients with the acute vestibular syndrome (2021)

One third of patients with AVS due to central vestibular strokes had a spontaneous SN in straight-ahead gaze and a pathological GEN, producing the pattern of a Bruns' nystagmus with a shift of the null position. The localization of the side of the lesion based on the null was not consistent, presumably because the circuits underlying gaze-holding are widespread in the brainstem and cerebellum. Nevertheless, automated quantification of GEN with VOG was specific, and accurately identified patients in the ED with AVS due to strokes.
Über niedere Molybdänhydroxyde (1956)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Zink und Salzsäure auf MoO 3 erhält man als Endprodukt der Reaktion olivgrünes, kristallines Mo 5 O 5 (OH) 10 , das im Vakuum 1 H 2 abspaltet und dabei nach in bordeauxrotes, kristallines Mo 5 O 7 (OH) 8 übergeht. Beim Kochen mit Kalilauge wandelt sich die olivgrüne Verbindung unter Abspaltung von 2 H 2 in braunes, kristallines Mo 5 O 8 (OH) 8 um. Die neuen Hydroxyde ordnen sich zwanglos in das Schema der genotypischen Hydroxyde ein, die sich vom MoO 3 ableiten. Das chemische Verhalten von Mo 5 O 5 (OH) 10 läßt eine andersartige Bindung von 2 H‐Atomen vermuten; eine entsprechende Hydridformel H 2 Mo 5 O 7 (OH) 8 ist aber noch nicht gesichert. Das olivgrüne Hydroxyd wirkt als Hydrierungskatalysator.
High-Accuracy Real-Time Whole-Body Human Motion Tracking Based on Constrained Nonlinear Kalman Filtering (2015)

We present a new online approach to track human whole-body motion from motion capture data, i.e., positions of labeled markers attached to the human body. Tracking in noisy data can be effectively performed with the aid of well-established recursive state estimation techniques. This allows us to systematically take noise of the marker measurements into account. However, as joint limits imposed by the human body have to be satisfied during estimation, first we transform this constrained estimation problem into an unconstrained one by using periodic functions. Then, we apply the Smart Sampling Kalman Filter to solve this unconstrained estimation problem. The proposed recursive state estimation approach makes the human motion tracking very robust to partial occlusion of markers and avoids any special treatment or reconstruction of the missed markers. A concrete implementation built on the kinematic human reference model of the Master Motor Map framework and a Vicon motion capture system is evaluated. Different captured motions show that our implementation can accurately estimate whole-body human motion in real-time and outperforms existing gradient-based approaches. In addition, we demonstrate its ability to smoothly handle incomplete marker data.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Production From Tight, Ultratight and Shale Gas Reservoirs: Flow Regimes and Geomechanical Effects (2015)

Abstract Production from unconventional gas resources (UGRs) has received great attentions because of their large reserves as well as technical advances in developing these reservoirs. The fluid flow in ultralow permeability porous media cannot be considered in the range of conventional Darcy flow as it undergoes a transition from a Darcy regime to slip flow and free molecule flow regimes. Understanding fluid flow inside the matrix and how the matrix permeability evolves over depletion are among the major challenges to unconventional gas reservoirs characterization. Considering different flow regimes in UGRs and time dependent permeability during the production of reservoir, the applicability of the availabe numerical simulatior to predict the production from unconventional reservoirs is questionable. In this paper, a numerical approach is proposed for simulation of gas production of UGRs including geomechanical effect, slippage effect and non-Darcy flow. In this simulation, gas production is calculated using a pseudo-pressure integral for well inflow performance and material-balance for reservoir depletion. The numerical approach has been verified by comparing with the results of fine-grid compositional simulation for a typical conventional gas reservoir. The pseudo pressure-integral has been extended to include the geomechanical effect and time dependent matrix permeability. The flow regime is distinguished by Knudsen number for each regions of the reservoir during the reservoir depletion. According to the numerical results, the matrix permeability changes depending on the flow regime determined by Knudsen dimensionless number. Slip flow and Knudsen diffusion which are dependent on net pore pressure can play important roles in the gas production. Higher-than–expected matrix permeability becomes more highlighted when the permeability of the matrix decreases and dimensionless Knudsen number is higher than 0.1. This higher permeability enhances the gas production. On the other side, the matrix permeability decrease as the net overburden stress increases during the production life of the reservoirs. This decrease in matrix permeability clearly decreases the rate of gas production. The presented numerical simulation evaluates the significance of different flow regimes, time dependent permeability and geomechnical effect in production from UGRs. It also offers a rapid and simple tool for prediction of gas deliverability of UGRs well.
Simple penalty-sensitive replacement policies for caches (2006)

Classic cache replacement policies assume that miss costs are uniform. However, the correlation between miss rate and cache performance is not as straightforward as it used to be. Ultimately, the true cost measure of a miss should be the penalty, i.e. the actual processing bandwidth lost because of the miss. It is known that, contrary to loads, the penalty of stores is mostly hidden in modern processors. To take advantage of this observation, we propose simple schemes to replace load misses by store misses. We extend classic replacement algorithms such as LRU (Least Recently Used) and PLRU (Partial LRU) to reduce the aggregate miss penalty instead of the miss count.One key issue is to predict the next access type to a block, so that higher replacement priority is given to blocks that will be accessed next with a store. We introduce and evaluate various prediction schemes based on instructions, and broadly inspired from branch predictors. To guide the design we run extensive trace-driven simulations on eight Spec95 benchmarks with a wide range of cache configurations and observe that our simple penalty-sensitive policies yield positive load miss improvements over classic algorithms across most the benchmarks and cache configurations. In some cases the improvements are very large.
Exponentially Increasing the Capacity-to-Computation Ratio for Conditional Computation in Deep Learning (2014)

Many state-of-the-art results obtained with deep networks are achieved with the largest models that could be trained, and if more computation power was available, we might be able to exploit much larger datasets in order to improve generalization ability. Whereas in learning algorithms such as decision trees the ratio of capacity (e.g., the number of parameters) to computation is very favorable (up to exponentially more parameters than computation), the ratio is essentially 1 for deep neural networks. Conditional computation has been proposed as a way to increase the capacity of a deep neural network without increasing the amount of computation required, by activating some parameters and computation "on-demand", on a per-example basis. In this note, we propose a novel parametrization of weight matrices in neural networks which has the potential to increase up to exponentially the ratio of the number of parameters to computation. The proposed approach is based on turning on some parameters (weight matrices) when specific bit patterns of hidden unit activations are obtained. In order to better control for the overfitting that might result, we propose a parametrization that is tree-structured, where each node of the tree corresponds to a prefix of a sequence of sign bits, or gating units, associated with hidden units.
Surgical Risks Associated with Winter Sport Tourism (2015)

Surgical outcomes are not compromised during winter in French mountain areas despite a substantial influx of major emergencies.
The book man's books (2005)

Heart failure (HF), which is a major clinical and public health challenge, commonly develops when the myocardial muscle is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood at typical cardiac pressures to fulfill the body's metabolic needs, and compensatory mechanisms are compromised or fail to adjust. Treatments consist of targeting the maladaptive response of the neurohormonal system, thereby decreasing symptoms by relieving congestion. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are a recent antihyperglycemic drug, have been found to significantly improve HF complications and mortality. They act through many pleiotropic effects, and show better improvements compared to others existing pharmacological therapies. Mathematical modeling is a tool used to describe the pathophysiological processes of the disease, quantify clinically relevant outcomes in response to therapies, and provide a predictive framework to improve therapeutic scheduling and strategies. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of HF, its treatment, and how an integrated mathematical model of the cardiorenal system was built to capture body fluid and solute homeostasis. We also provide insights into sex-specific differences between males and females, thereby encouraging the development of more effective sex-based therapies in the case of heart failure.
The formation of vortex streets (1962)

The formation of vortex streets in the wake of two-dimensional bluff bodies can be explained by considering the non-linear interaction of two infinite vortex sheets, initially a fixed distance, h , apart, in an inviscid incompressible fluid. The interaction of such sheets (represented in the calculation by rows of point-vortices) is examined in detail for various ratios of h to the wavelength, a , of the initial disturbance. The number and strength of the concentrated regions of vorticity formed in the interaction depend very strongly on h / a . The non-linear interaction of the two vortex sheets explains both the cancellation of vorticity and vortex-street broadening observed in the wakes of bluff bodies.
Fundamental Cardiovascular Research: Returns on Societal Investment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2017)

Recent decades have witnessed robust successes in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart and vascular diseases. Many patients who previously would have died now survive. Lifesaving successes like these provide a tremendous and easily recognized benefit to individuals and society. Although cardiovascular mortality has declined, the devastating impact of chronic heart disease and comorbidities on quality of life and healthcare resources continues unabated. Future strides, extending those made in recent decades, will require continued research into mechanisms underlying disease prevention, pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic intervention. However, severe financial constraints currently jeopardize these efforts. To chart a path for the future, this report analyzes the challenges and opportunities we face in continuing the battle against cardiovascular disease and highlights the return on societal investment afforded by fundamental cardiovascular research.