gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of three-dimensional-triple-level cell and two-dimensional-multi-level cell NAND flash hybrid solid-state drives (2018)

In order to improve performance of solid-state drives (SSDs), hybrid SSDs have been proposed. Hybrid SSDs consist of more than two types of NAND flash memories or NAND flash memories and storage-class memories (SCMs). However, the cost of hybrid SSDs adopting SCMs is more expensive than that of NAND flash only SSDs because of the high bit cost of SCMs. This paper proposes unique hybrid SSDs with two-dimensional (2D) horizontal multi-level cell (MLC)/three-dimensional (3D) vertical triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash memories to achieve higher cost-performance. The 2D-MLC/3D-TLC hybrid SSD achieves up to 31% higher performance than the conventional 2D-MLC/2D-TLC hybrid SSD. The factors of different performance between the proposed hybrid SSD and the conventional hybrid SSD are analyzed by changing its block size, read/write/erase latencies, and write unit of 3D-TLC NAND flash memory, by means of a transaction-level modeling simulator.
Limited Associativity Makes Concurrent Software Caches a Breeze (2021)

Software caches optimize the performance of diverse storage systems, databases and other software systems. Existing works on software caches automatically resort to fully associative cache designs. Our work shows that limited associativity caches are a promising direction for concurrent software caches. Specifically, we demonstrate that limited associativity enables simple yet efficient realizations of multiple cache management schemes that can be trivially parallelized. We show that the obtained hit ratio is usually similar to fully associative caches of the same management policy, but the throughput is improved by up to X5 compared to production-grade caching libraries, especially in multi-threaded executions.
Oxorhenium‐Mediated Assembly of Noncyclic Selective Integrin Antagonists: A Combinatorial Approach (2011)

The parallel oxorhenium-mediated assembly of 288 noncyclic RGD analogues is reported. All complexes contain a NS(2) +S chelating motif that enables the unambiguous coordination of the oxorhenium and oxotechnetium cores. In this study, "modules S" contain a variety of pending guanidinium groups whereas the "NS(2) modules" are made of a series of N-acylated amino acids. Combination of sets of "NS(2) " and "S modules" together with tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorooxorhenate gave the corresponding oxorhenium complexes in good yields and satisfactory purities. Evaluation of these metalloconstructs towards integrins α(V) β(3) , α(IIb) β(3) , and α(V) β(5) led to the identification of micromolar and submicromolar antagonists of theses integrins. These compounds exhibit interesting selectivities and promise attractive applications for the molecular imaging of integrin-dependent pathologies.
Two‐Component Gel‐Phase Materials—Highly Tunable Self‐Assembling Systems (2005)

In the past 10 years, the molecular self-assembly and network formation of small molecule gelators has become one of the most active frontiers of the emergent area of nanochemistry. Increasingly, research efforts have begun to focus on multicomponent gelators, which rely on the initial interaction of distinct individual components to form a complex that subsequently self-assembles into a fibrous supramolecular polymer. In true two-component systems, an individual component can be present in isotropic solution, and only on addition of the second component will a gel actually form. In some cases, however, two-component gels are reported in which the second component significantly modifies the behaviour of a known gelator. Both systems are discussed in this article. The additional level of supramolecular control in the hierarchical self-assembly of two-component gels confers exquisite tunability and controllability. Functionality can be readily built into the material by simple variation of one of the individual components. This article discusses the key approaches used to control self-assembly by manipulating single molecular-recognition events and illustrates how controlling the transcription of information from the molecular to the macroscopic level by the simple addition of a second component allows complex functional materials to be selectively assembled from simple building blocks.
Material Consolidation for Automotive Interior and Exterior Parts through Development of a High Performance Material (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Through a polymer design and precise morphology control, The Super Olefin Polymer, TSOP-1 and TSOP-5 were developed for the material consolidation of interior and exterior parts, respectively. Due to a good balance of TSOP performance, several conventional materials were consolidated into one material for each application. Accordingly, considerable amounts of weight reduction and cost savings have been obtained. In addition to the excellent recyclability of TSOP, the coated bumpers collected from the market were re-utilized through paint decomposition technology. The first dashboard construction, molded partially with foam-padded skin, was also realized. The current amount of TSOP used in a vehicle is about 30% of the total amount of plastic materials. Through the usage of TSOP, 70% of the material consolidation has been achieved.&lt;/div&gt;
Burst and Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation Differentially Activate GABAergic Mechanisms to Attenuate Pain in a Rat Model of Cervical Radiculopathy (2015)

Together, these studies suggest that burst SCS does not act via spinal GABAergic mechanisms, despite its attenuation of spinal hyperexcitability and allodynia similar to that of tonic SCS; understanding other potential spinal inhibitory mechanisms may lead to enhanced analgesia during burst stimulation.
Weaning affects lipoprotein lipase activity and gene expression in adipose tissues and inmasseterbut not in other muscles of the calf (2001)

The nutritional and physiological modifications that occur during the weaning period induce adaptations of tissue metabolism in all mammal species. Among the adaptations due to weaning in ruminants, the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, one of the rate-limiting steps of fatty acid utilization by tissues, was still unknown. The present study aimed at comparing LPL activity and gene expression in the heart, seven skeletal muscles and three adipose tissue sites between two groups of seven preruminant (PR) or ruminant (R) calves having a similar age (170 d), similar empty body weight (194 kg) at slaughter, and similar net energy intake from birth onwards. Triacylglycerol content of adipose tissues was 16 % lower in R than in PR calves, This could be partly the result from a lower LPL activity (-57 %, ). LPL mRNA levels were also lower in R calves (-48 % to -68 %, ) suggesting a pretranslational regulation of LPL activity. Activity and mRNA levels of LPL did not differ significantly in the heart and skeletal muscles except in the masseter in which LPL activity and mRNA levels were higher (+50 % and +120 % respectively, ) in the R calves. Regulation of LPL in masseter could be explained by the high contractile activity of this muscle after weaning due to solid food chewing. In conclusion, weaning in the calf affects LPL activity and expression in adipose tissues, but not in skeletal muscles except the masseter.
Analytical and computational modeling of early penetration of non-enveloped icosahedral viruses into cells (2016)

Utilization of our modeling can be substantially useful not only for basic science studies, but also in other, more applied fields, such as in the field of gene therapy, or in `phage' virus studies.
Effects of heavy water (D2O) on human pancreatic tumor cells. (2005)

It is hoped that D2O might offer an additional option for the treatment of pancreatic carcinomas.
Supplemental Fig.S.3 from HEATR1 Negatively Regulates Akt to Help Sensitize Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HEATR1 colocalized with Akt and regulates Akt phosphorylation independent of PDK1&lt;/p&gt;
Water‐Suppressed one‐dimensional 1h nmr chemical shift imaging of the heart before and after regional ischemia (1995)

This study tests the hypothesis that brief periods of ischemia result in an increase in myocardial lipids during early reperfusion. We conducted 1H NMR spectroscopy to serially measure myocardial lipids before and after regional ischemia. Localized 1H NMR spectra (spatial resolution of 1.25 mm) were obtained using a one-dimensional chemical shift imaging technique. Two regions, the subendocardium and the subepicardium, were estimated by summing spectral areas from three slices (3.75 mm). Two groups of dogs that underwent a 45 min ischemia and 4 h reperfusion were studied: a group in which the myocardium beneath the surface coil underwent ischemia and reperfusion; and a group in which the ischemic event was distant from the tissue under the surface coil. Microsphere measurements showed significant blood flow reductions in the subepicardium and subendocardium in the ischemic zones during coronary occlusion. Flow returned to baseline values during reperfusion. In the ischemic zone group, the subendocardium, the triglyceride resonance areas decreased by 24% (p < 0.05) during reperfusion. However, subepicardial triglyceride areas were unchanged. Subendocardial creatine areas were also unchanged. The non-ischemic zone group subendocardial triglycerides decreased by 33% (p < 0.05) following ischemia and reperfusion in the remote region. In contrast to the ischemic group, the subepicardial triglyceride resonance areas decreased by 42% (p < 0.05). Subendocardial creatine areas were unchanged. These data show that triglycerides of the ischemic-reperfused subendocardium do not increase during 4 h of reperfusion. Furthermore, they show that the triglycerides resonance areas of the non-ischemic region decrease following remote ischemia and reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Absorption and Shielding Effect of Electromagnetic Wave at GHz Frequency by Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites (2006)

The complex permittivity at 5.8 GHz of the composites of epoxy resin with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with their 20-70 nm diameters and 10-20 mum lengths at the concentration of 0.1-0.5% in weight was measured using a waveguide in order to develop the electromagnetic wave absorber (EMA) in the GHz frequency region. The EM absorbing efficiency was the highest at the MWCNT concentration of 0.2%, although the electric resistivity of the composite decreased and the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency at 1-18 GHz increased with concentration of MWCNT over 0.5%. Such was observed even in various polymers including polycarbonate, polyacetal, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, and poly-etheretherketone
Selection and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus Variants Resistant to ( R )-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(Hydroxymethy)Butyl]Guanine (2001)

(R)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethy)butyl]guanine (H2G) is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesvirus replication. It is a nucleoside analog, and its triphosphate derivative (H2G-TP) is a competitive inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA polymerases. In this study, the antiviral activities of H2G and acyclovir (ACV) and the development of viral resistance to these agents were compared in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected cells. In plaque reduction assays, the 50% effective concentration of H2G for VZV was 60- to 400-fold lower than that of ACV, depending on the virus strain and the cell line tested. The enhanced efficacy of H2G against VZV can be accounted for in part by the fact that the intaracellular H2G-TP level (>170 pmol/10(6) cells) is higher than the intracellular ACV-TP level (<1 pmol/10(6) cells). In addition, H2G-TP has extended half-lives of 3.9 and 8.6 h in VZV-infected MRC-5 and MeWo cells, respectively. To assess the emergence of H2G-resistant VZV in vitro, VZV was passaged in the presence of increasing concentrations of H2G. Earlier in the passage, when the concentration of H2G was relatively low, the predominant variant had the (A)76 deletion in the viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene. This mutant was identical to an ACV-resistant mutant generated in parallel experiments. However, higher concentrations of H2G appeared to favor a novel mutant, which had deletions of two consecutive nucleotides at positions 805 and 806 of the TK gene. All of these changes introduced frameshift mutations in the TK gene resulting in the expression of truncated polypeptides. H2G-resistant viruses were cross-resistant to ACV, and vice versa.
Fusion Of Descriptors For Speech / Music Classification (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Measurement-based models of delivery and interference in static wireless networks (2006)

We present practical models for the physical layer behaviors of packet reception and carrier sense with interference in static wireless networks. These models use measurements of a real network rather than abstract RF propagation models as the basis for accuracy in complex environments. Seeding our models requires N trials in an N node network, in which each sender transmits in turn and receivers measure RSSI values and packet counts, both of which are easily obtainable. The models then predict packet delivery and throughput in the same network for different sets of transmitters with the same node placements. We evaluate our models for the base case of two senders that broadcast packets simultaneously. We find that they are effective at predicting when there will be significant interference effects. Across many predictions, we obtain an RMS error for 802.11a and 802.11b of a half and a third, respectively, of a measurement-based model that ignores interference.
Application of an immunosensor for the detection of the β-lactam antibiotic, cephalexin (2003)

Public concern surrounding antibiotic contamination in food and food products has made it imperative to develop analytical methods for their detection. Polyclonal antibodies were used in the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based inhibition immunoassay for cephalexin. A conjugate consisting of cephalexin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobilized on the dextran gel surface of the sensor chip. Binding/regeneration studies of antibody to immobilized cephalexin were studied and dissociation of the antibody from the immobilized cephalexin was easily achieved with 10 mmol l−1 NaOH. Forty surface regeneration cycles were carried out and found to be reproducible with only a 7.4% decrease in binding over this number of regenerations. Model inhibition immunoassays for cephalexin were developed in PBS and spiked milk samples with detection ranges of 4.88 to 2,500 ng ml−1 and 244 to 3,906 pg ml−1, respectively.
Enhancing Virtual Labs Usage in Colleges (2019)

Virtual Labs is an MHRD (Ministry of Human Resource Development, India) initiative in which over 1100 virtual experiments are freely available to engineering students across India and the rest of the globe to access and learn. Until the beginning of 2018, the lab usages by students were mostly in the push mode during the workshops. The average usage per workshop was significantly low, at about 8 usages per student. Interventions were proposed in the process to improve the usage by enhancing 'Arousal' and 'Choices' as students' motivation. Qualitative observation of the results shows that students conducted more than the requested 15 experiments, along with the expectation of instant appreciation and recognition. This change in the process to create extrinsic motivation increased the usage per student from 8.62 to 19.7. self-reported motivation levels of students after doing the experiments improved from 5 to 8, 10 being the highest on the scale. There was a reduced variability represented by the coefficient of variation changing from 51.9% to 21.39%.
Lot Dispatching and Scheduling Integrating OHT Traffic Information in the 300mm Wafer Fab (2007)

In this paper, we focus on the lot dispatching and vehicle dispatching problems in a 300 mm wafer fab. We propose a two phase lot dispatching and vehicle dispatching integrated algorithm. The first phase is the offline optimization phase and the second phase is the online dispatching phase. In the offline optimization phase, we focus on the lot dispatching problem. We propose a scheduler which can search for appropriate weights of several rules and combines them into one mixed rule. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal combination of these heuristic rules. And the mixed rule is used in online dispatching phase. In the online dispatching phase, we focus on the vehicle dispatching problem. We take the real time traffic information into consideration and we apply Markov decision model to model the estimate of the cost of traversing a congested edge. Compared with the traditional shortest path method that searches for the shortest distance path, in our traffic model we search for the path with least expected travel time.
Study of Static Tactile Detection Threshold via Pneumatically Driven Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane (2014)

In this work we investigate how the tactile detection thresholds of air-driven actuators are influenced by design parameters as membrane thickness and diameter, when the finger is in contact with the deformable circular elastic membranes. We report lower thresholds with decreasing membrane thickness and increasing diameters. These results can help in the design of soft actuators for pin-arrays used as graphical tactile displays for visually impaired people.
Peptide Amphiphile Containing Arginine and Fatty Acyl Chains as Molecular Transporters (2013)

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are promising tools for the intracellular delivery of numerous drugs. PAs are known to be biodegradable systems. Here, four PA derivatives containing arginine and lysine conjugated with fatty acyl groups with different chain lengths, namely, PA1: R-K(C14)-R, PA2: R-K(C16)-R, PA3: K(C14)-R-K(C14), and PA4: K(C16)-R-K(C16), where C16 = palmitic acid and C14 = myristic acid, were synthesized through Fmoc chemistry. Flow cytometry studies showed that, among all synthesized PAs, only K(C16)-R-K(C16), PA4 was able to enhance the cellular uptake of a fluorescence-labeled anti-HIV drug 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacythidine (F'-3TC, F' = fluorescein) and a biologically important phosphopeptide (F'-PEpYLGLD) in human leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) after 2 h incubation. For example, the cellular uptake of F'-3TC and F'-PEpYLGLD was enhanced approximately 7.1- and 12.6-fold in the presence of the PA4 compared to those of the drugs alone. Confocal microscopy of F'-3TC and F'-PEpYLGLD loaded PA4 in live cells showed significantly higher intracellular localization than the drug alone in human ovarian cells (SK-OV-3) after 2 h incubation. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that loading of Dox by the peptide amphiphile was 56% after 24 h. The loaded Dox was released (34%) within 48 h intracellularly. The circular dichrosim (CD) results exhibited that the secondary structure of the peptide was changed upon interactions with Dox. Mechanistic studies revealed that endocytosis is the major pathway of the internalization. These studies suggest that PAs containing the appropriate sequence of amino acids, chain length, charge, and hydrophobicity can be used as cellular delivery tools for transporting drugs and biomolecules.
Observation of magnetoresistance polarity reversal in 3D to 2D tunneling in an asymmetric GaMnAs resonant tunneling diode (2008)

We investigate the magnetoresistance (MR) characteristics of a GaMnAs-based asymmetric resonant tunneling structure with a 3D GaMnAs top layer and a 2D GaMnAs quantum well (QW). The incorporation of a 2D layer distinguishes our device from the many conventional devices reported in the literature in that the MR characteristics of our device result from 3D to 2D tunneling, whereas MR in a conventional device results from 3D to 3D tunneling. By observing a shift of negative differential resistance (NDR) features as an in-plane magnetic field is varied, we infer that the 3D to 2D tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in our device has the opposite sign from conventional TMR in GaMnAs. We relate this difference to the effect of quantum confinement on the 2D density of states in the GaMnAs QW.
Design of the integrated laser welding head with a continuously adjustable focus rotation radius (2022)

In this paper, the integrated laser welding head with a continuously adjustable focus rotation radius was achieved by using the output shaft (hollow shaft) of the high-frequency motor as the laser transmission tube for laser transmission, laser deflection and laser focus rotation. The continuous adjustment of the focus rotation radius was achieved by changing the relative phase angle between the two wedge prisms and using a focusing lens. And the function relationship between the focal rotation radius and the relative phase angle of two wedge prisms is verified and modified based on the measured results. The energy loss rate of the 5 kW laser through the inner diameter of the hollow shaft is less than 5% and it has little effect on weld depth. The temperature of the hollow shaft can rise to 57.4 °C only at the entrance of the hollow shaft under the long action time (120 s) of high-power (6 kW) laser. Both the weld forming and porosity defects of 5083 aluminium alloy can be effectively regulated and controlled by using the integrated laser welding head.
Energy focusing of ultrasonic waves propagations on CFRP (2017)

When carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is applied for actual structures, non-destructive testing should be conducted in order to detect inner defects. As one of the typical method of ultrasonic testing methods for CFRP, normal beam method, which ultrasonic wave is emitted vertically to laminates, was often used. On the other hand, since CFRP is anisotropic material, the propagation behavior of ultrasonic wave has also anisotropy. In the case of CFRP components used in actual engineering fields, there is the case that ultrasonic cannot be emitted to laminates vertically. In this case, normal beam method cannot be applied. To improve the method for detection of these defects, it is necessary to study the energy focusing of ultrasonic wave propagations on CFRP. In this study, to study this energy focusing of CFRP, numerical simulation was conducted. Finite difference method was used as the method of simulation. As the result of this simulation, when a linear source of sound is put in the model simulated as unidirectional CFRP, even if ultrasonic wave was emitted to diagonal direction against fiber direction, ultrasonic beam was focused on fiber direction.
On the nature of the Landau-Levich transition (2005)

A solid plate can be wetted dynamically by a non-wetting liquid when withdrawn from a bath above a threshold velocity. Landau and Levich described long ago the scaling relation giving the thickness of the entrained film. However the nature of the transition from a static meniscus to the Landau-Levich remained unclear. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that liquid entrainment occurs due to the nucleation of a solitary wave, well below the critical point corresponding to the disappearance of stationary meniscus solutions. It has been suggested by Golestanian and Raphael that the dynamically forced wetting transition is critical with diverging time scales. This critical behavior is actually avoided by the development of the remarkable ridge-like front that does not trivially match to the liquid reservoir. The macroscopic properties of this ridge are governed by stress balance at molecular scale, and provide a novel, sensitive probe to unravel the singularity at the contact line.