gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Testbed for Simulating Semiconductor Supply Chains (2017)

In this paper, a supply chain simulation testbed for the semiconductor industry is proposed. We start by identifying requirements for such reference datasets, and then we identify the main building blocks. The nodes of the supply chain that represent semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (wafer fabs) are built on a simulation model from the measurement and improvement of manufacturing capacity project. We present two techniques to reduce the modeling and computational burden that are able to deal with load-dependent cycle times in single front-end and back-end facilities and in the overall network. The first method models in detail only the bottlenecks in the nodes of the supply chain, while the second one uses empirical distributions for cycle time and throughput. The quality of these reduction techniques is assessed by comparing the detailed model and the models with a reduced level of detail. We present an application scenario for the testbed by simulating a semiconductor supply network. In addition, the usage of the testbed is discussed.
New Dry Etching Method for the Fabrication of InP/InGaAs Quantum Wires (1991)

A new soft dry etching process has been used for the fabrication of quantum structures. It is based on the reversal of thermodynamical equilibrium which can be achieved in a chloride vapor-phase epitaxy reactor. An enhancement of the luminescence intensity is found with decreasing dimensionality, and is compared with a typical reactive ion etching method.
Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. (2000)

We have already reported that the quinol formation from some para-alkylphenols, which is a novel metabolic pathway catalyzed by cytochrome P-450, occurs in a rat liver microsomal system (). In the present study, we investigated whether estrone and 17beta-estadiol, each of which contains a p-alkylphenol moiety, are also oxidized into the corresponding quinols by cytochrome P-450. Six recombinant human cytochrome P-450 enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, were tested. The results show that estrone and 17beta-estadiol were converted into the corresponding quinols by CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2E1.
Ideal Transmission‐Line Fundamentals (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Transmission-Line Structures Wave Propagation on Loss-Free Transmission Lines Transmission-Line Properties Transmission-Line Parameters for the Loss-Free Case Transmission-Line Reflections Time-Domain Reflectometry References Problems
Comparison of contrast-normalization and threshold models of the responses of simple cells in cat striate cortex (1997)

In almost every study of the linearity of spatiotemporal summation in simple cells of the cat's visual cortex, there have been systematic mismatches between the experimental observations and the predictions of the linear theory. These mismatches have generally been explained by supposing that the initial spatiotemporal summation stage is strictly linear, but that the following output stage of the simple cell is subject to some contrast-dependent nonlinearity. Two main models of the output nonlinearity have been proposed: the threshold model (e.g. Tolhurst & Dean, 1987) and the contrast-normalization model (e.g. Heeger, 1992a,b). In this paper, the two models are fitted rigorously to a variety of previously published neurophysiological data, in order to determine whether one model is a better explanation of the data. We reexamine data on the interaction between two bar stimuli presented in different parts of the receptive field; on the relationship between the receptive-field map and the inverse Fourier transform of the spatial-frequency tuning curve; on the dependence of response amplitude and phase on the spatial phase of stationary gratings; on the relationships between the responses to moving and modulated gratings; and on the suppressive action of gratings moving in a neuron's nonpreferred direction. In many situations, the predictions of the two models are similar, but the contrast-normalization model usually fits the data slightly better than the threshold model, and it is easier to apply the equations of the normalization model. More importantly, the normalization model is naturally able to account very well for the details and subtlety of the results in experiments where the total contrast energy of the stimuli changes; some of these phenomena are completely beyond the scope of the threshold model. Rigorous application of the models' equations has revealed some situations where neither model fits quite well enough, and we must suppose, therefore, that there are some subtle nonlinearities still to be characterized.
Correction of GPR wave velocity with distorted hyperbolic reflection in underground utility's GPR survey (2016)

A validation study was conducted over a fixed alignment of underground utilities to study the effects of GPR traverse directions on GPR wave velocity estimation of utilities. The experiment was carried out on a 0.98 m deep underground drainage pipe in the campus of Hong Kong PolyU. During the changes of GPR traverse directions relative to the fixed and known utility alignments at an angle 90°, 75°, 60°, and 45°, we studied the variation of GPR wave velocities estimated through the hyperbolic fitting process of the pipe's reflection, and correct it with a simple algorithm. Errors of velocity estimation would result in errors of depth estimation of buried utilities and variation of material properties.
A study of wireless power transfer for implantable devices by using wearable devices (2015)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an effective method for power supply from wearable devices to implantable devices (IMDs). To reduce the IMD size, the received coil can be integrated with other functional circuits, whereas the efficiency is low if the traditional inductively coupled method is used. In this paper, limiting factors of the WPT efficiency including the quality factor of coils and the coupling coefficient are analyzed. A circuit model of magnetic resonance coupled (MRC) WPT is established and simplified for this application. It shows that the MRC method is feasible to improve the efficiency for IMD.
Application of Fuzzy Logic to Approximate Reasoning Using Linguistic Synthesis (1977)

This paper describes an application of fuzzy logic in designing controllers for industrial plants. A fuzzy logic is used to synthesize linguistic control protocol of a skilled operator. The method has been applied to pilot scale plants as well as in practical situations. The merits of this method and its usefulness to control engineering are discussed. An avenue for further work in this area is described where the need is to go beyond a purely descriptive approach, and means for implementing a prescriptive or a self-organizing system are explored.
Intermediate fabrics (2010)

Although hardware/software partitioning of embedded applications onto FPGAs is widely known to have performance and power advantages, FPGA usage has been typically limited to hardware experts, due largely to several problems: 1) difficulty of integrating hardware design tools into well-established software tool flows, 2) increasingly lengthy FPGA design iterations due to placement and routing, and 3) a lack of portability and interoperability resulting from device/platform-specific tools and bitfiles. In this paper, we directly address the last two problems by introducing intermediate fabrics, which are virtual reconfigurable architectures specialized for different application domains, implemented on top of commercial-off-the-shelf devices. Such specialization enables near-instantaneous placement and routing by hiding the complexity of fine-grained physical devices, while also enabling circuit portability across all devices that implement the intermediate fabric. When combined with existing work on runtime synthesis from software binaries, intermediate fabrics reduce the effects of all three problems by enabling transparent usage of COTS FPGAs by software designers. In this paper, we explore intermediate fabric architectures using specialization techniques to minimize area and performance overhead of the virtual fabric while maximizing routability and speedup of placement and routing. We present results showing an average placement and routing speedup of 554x, with an average area overhead of 10% and clock overhead of 18%, which corresponds to an average frequency of 195 MHz.
Kinetics of glucose delivery to subcutaneous tissue in rats measured with 0.3-mm amperometric microsensors (1995)

The time between intravenous injection of a glucose bolus and the time the glucose concentration peaked in the subcutaneous tissue was measured in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats with implanted 290-microns-diameter amperometric sensors. Boluses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body wt were injected. The glucose concentration in the jugular vein was monitored by frequent withdrawal and analysis of samples. The glucose concentration in the subcutaneous tissue was continuously monitored with the sensors. The times required for the subcutaneously implanted sensor to reach its maximum current, corrected for sensor response times, were 7.5 +/- 3.9, 9.8 +/- 5.5, and 10.0 +/- 4.4 min for the smallest to the largest dose, respectively. The shorter delay in response to the smallest dose was statistically significant (P < 0.03). The results were consistent with dilution of the bolus in the cardiovascular system and transport of glucose by both diffusion and facilitated transport via a saturable mediator. An understanding of the differences in the dynamics of venous vs. subcutaneous response to a glucose dose is important in developing algorithms for the control of blood glucose based on a subcutaneous measurement.
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II and folate deficiencies result in reciprocal protection against cognitive and social deficits in mice: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders (2011)

Interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors underlie a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ) and autism (AD). Due to the complexity and multitude of the genetic and environmental factors attributed to these disorders, recent research strategies focus on elucidating the common molecular pathways through which these multiple risk factors may function. In this study, we examine the combined effects of a haplo-insufficiency of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) and dietary folic acid deficiency. In addition to serving as a neuropeptidase, GCPII catalyzes the absorption of folate. GCPII and folate depletion interact within the one-carbon metabolic pathway and/or of modulate the glutamatergic system. Four groups of mice were tested: wild-type, GCPII hypomorphs, and wild-types and GCPII hypomorphs both fed a folate deficient diet. Due to sex differences in the prevalence of SZ and AD, both male and female mice were assessed on a number of behavioral tasks including locomotor activity, rotorod, social interaction, prepulse inhibition, and spatial memory. Wild-type mice of both sexes fed a folic acid deficient diet showed motor coordination impairments and cognitive deficits, while social interactions were decreased only in males. GCPII mutant mice of both sexes also exhibited reduced social propensities. In contrast, all folate-depleted GCPII hypomorphs performed similarly to untreated wild-type mice, suggesting that reduced GCPII expression and folate deficiency are mutually protective. Analyses of folate and neurometabolite levels associated with glutamatergic function suggest several potential mechanisms through which GCPII and folate may be interacting to create this protective effect.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF PYRAZOLONES (1953)

1,4-Diphenyl-3-carbethoxy-5-aminopyrazole yielded 1,4-diphenyl-5-aminopyrazole by hydrolysis and decarboxylation. The phenylhydrazone of ethyl phenyloxalacetate gave a pyrazolone which was transformed into 1,4-diphenyl-3-amino-5-pyrazolone. The 2,4-diphenyl-3-amino-5-pyrazolone was obtained from ethyl phenylcyanoacetate and phenylhydrazine by heating in acetic acid. 4-Alkyl-3-hydroxy- and 3-amino-5-pyrazolones and 4,4-dialkyl-3-oxo- and 3-imino-5-pyrazolones, substituted in position 2 by carbanilino or α- or β-naphthyl groups, were prepared from ethyl mono- or disubstituted malonates and cyanoacetates, 4-phenylsemicarbazide, and α- and β-naphthylhydrazines. Ultraviolet absorption spectra were determined in neutral and acid solutions.
Reversible Holographic Patterns on Azopolymers for Guiding Cell Adhesion and Orientation (2015)

Topography of material surfaces is known to influence cell behavior at different levels: from adhesion up to differentiation. Different micro- and nanopatterning techniques have been employed to create patterned surfaces to investigate various aspects of cell behavior, most notably cellular mechanotransduction. Nevertheless, conventional techniques, once implemented on a specific substrate, fail in allowing dynamic changes of the topographic features. Here we investigated the response of NIH-3T3 cells to reversible topographic signals encoded on light-responsive azopolymer films. Switchable patterns were fabricated by means of a well-established holographic setup. Surface relief gratings were realized with Lloyd's mirror system and erased with circularly polarized or incoherent light. Cell cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesion assembly proved to be very sensitive to the underlying topographic signal. Thereafter, pattern reversibility was tested in air and wet environment by using temperature or light as a trigger. Additionally, pattern modification was dynamically performed on substrates with living cells. This study paves the way toward an in situ and real-time investigation of the material-cytoskeleton crosstalk caused by the intrinsic properties of azopolymers.
Soft Chemical Processing of Metyl-Nitroanilinium Dihydrogenmonophosphate Complex. (1993)

C2H9N2O2+-H2PO4-complex was prepared by adding of 2-metyl-4-nitoroanilinium[MNA(2-4)] and 4-metyl-2-nitoroanilinium[MNA(4-2)] into the 85% H3PO4 solution at 60°C. The large platelet crystals were obtained after maturing for several days at room temperature. The XRD pattern of the newly obtained crystal of MNA(4-2) +-H2PO4-was indexed as orthorhombic unit cell with a=33.14A, b=8.307A, c=8.056A, respectively. Also, the complexes were identified as the layered structure in which the MNA cations were sandwitched between H2PO4- sheets via hydrogen bonds. The results of thermal analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability of complexes was closely related to the basic activities of organic moiety. According to the UV-Vis spectra, the maximum position of absorbance shifted to higher wavenumber, because a change in the molar polarity was occurred by the formation of the complex. The dielectric constants at MHz was almost independent of the temperature in ranging of 15-17. In particular, the conformational discrepancy of MNA(2-4) and MNA(4-2) reflected on the dielectric properties and the apparent distance of hydrogen bonds bridging between MNA cation and H2PO4-. A novel preppration procedure for the material design with dielectric property is suggested.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Dicarbene Dipalladium Complexes (2013)

Abstract A series of imidazole‐based and benzimidazole‐based di‐NHC dipalladium complexes with alkyl bridges of different chain lengths were prepared. All complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The crystal structures of three complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray studies show the length of linker effects the solid structure of these complexes and π–π stacking plays an important role for the configuration of NHC‐Pd‐Py subunits. The activity of NHC‐palladium complexes was investigated in the mono‐ and double‐Heck reactions, and the imidazole‐based palladium complex bearing the shortest ethylene bridge shows the best activity and selectivity in both reactions.
HoneYDSPK: Cisco onePK implementation for anomaly-based IDS and honeypot services (2016)

This paper presents a software implementation for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Honeypot zone based on network traffic analysis. HoneYDSPK monitors real time network traffic and blocks the potential sources of attacks by sending commands to the firewall controller. The application is based on the Cisco SDN implementation One Platform Kit. This paper comes with a new approach by allowing to control the entire network infrastructure from a centralized software controller.
QUANTITATIVE VARIATIONS IN L CHAIN TYPES IN GUINEA PIG ANTIHAPTEN ANTIBODIES (1966)

In guinea pig purified antihapten antibodies, the proportion of molecules bearing the kappa- or lambda-type of L chains (K or L molecules) may diverge markedly from that found in normal gamma(2)-globulins. This has been evaluated by precipitation of I(131)-labeled antibody preparations using a specific anti-lambda-chain antiserum. Anti-DNP antibodies isolated 3 wk after immunization of guinea pigs with DNP(65)-BGG antibodies, contain less than 1% of L molecules, while in pipsyl antibodies, isolated from the sera of animals immunized with pipsyl-BGG, the proportion of L molecules is significantly greater than in normal gamma(2)-globulins. Anti-DNP antibodies produced against conjugates of this hapten with carriers other than BGG (BSA, OVA, or poly-L-lysine) or with BGG with a small number of DNP groups (DNP(10)-BGG) contained a greater proportion of lambda-chain bearing molecules than anti-DNP antibodies isolated from late sera of guinea pigs immunized with highly conjugated DNP(65)-BGG. An increased percentage of L molecules was detected in preparations of anti-DNP(65)-BGG antibodies isolated early (10 days), when compared to those isolated later during the course of immunization. However, the level of L molecules in all these anti-DNP antibody preparations was always considerably below that present in normal gamma(2)-globulin. The relative amounts of L molecules in distinct immunoglobulin families (gamma(1) and gamma(2)) in antibody preparations isolated from individual animals was remarkably similar.
The Synthesis ofN-(Pyridylamino)tetrahydroisoquinolines and Benzazepines via The Pictet-Spengler Cyclization (2000)

A series of N-(pyridylamino)-tetrahydroisoquinolines and -benzazepines have been prepared using the Pictet-Spengler cyclization of an unprotected arylhydrazine as the key step.
Controlling Nonchaotic Neuronal Noise Using Chaos Control Techniques (1995)

Chaos control techniques have been used to control a wide variety of experimental systems, including physiological systems. Here chaos control, periodic pacing, and anticontrol were applied to a noise-driven, nonchaotic neuronal model, and results similar to those recently reported for apparently chaotic, in vitro neuronal networks were obtained. Similar results were produced when chaos control was applied to a simple stochastic system. These suggest that the neuronal networks may not have been chaotic and that chaos control techniques can be applied to a wider range of experimental systems (e.g., stochastic systems) than previously thought.
Computing Safe Contention Bounds for Multicore Resources with Round-Robin and FIFO Arbitration (2016)

Numerous researchers have studied the contention that arises among tasks running in parallel on a multicore processor. Most of those studies seek to derive a tight and sound upper-bound for the worst-case delay with which a processor resource may serve an incoming request, when its access is arbitrated using time-predictable policies such as round-robin or FIFO. We call this value upper-bound delay (ubd). Deriving trustworthy ubd statically is possible when sufficient public information exists on the timing latency incurred on access to the resource of interest. Unfortunately however, that is rarely granted for commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) processors. Therefore, the users resort to measurement observations on the target processor and thus compute a “measured” ubdm. However, using ubdm to compute worst-case execution time values for programs running on COTS multicore processors requires qualification on the soundness of the result. In this paper, we present a measurement-based methodology to derive a ubdm under round-robin (RoRo) and first-in-first-out (FIFO) arbitration, which accurately approximates ubd from above, without needing latency information from the hardware provider. Experimental results, obtained on multiple processor configurations, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed methodology.
Determination of myocardial and serum digoxin concentrations in children by specific and nonspecific assay methods (1983)

After obtaining samples at open heart surgery, serum and right atrial digoxin concentrations were measured in 25 children by a nonspecific, direct radioimmunoassay method (NS) and by a specific method in which digoxin was separated from its metabolites by HPLC before radioimmunoassay was applied to the digoxin fraction (S). Digoxin was detectable by S assay (sensitivity 0.1 ng/g) in 16 heart specimens and 22 serum samples. The mean and range of the S/NS ratio was 0.74 (0.23 to 2.63) for serum and 0.81 (0.068 to 1.38) for atrial tissue. By NS assay the mean and range of the atrial/serum ratio was 78.1 (2.4 to 340, n = 21) and by S assay the corresponding values were 100 (10.7 to 318, n = 15). A multiple linear regression indicated that 72.5% of the variance of the heart digoxin concentrations measured by S assay were accounted for by the variables height, body weight, daily digoxin dose before operation, plasma digoxin concentration by S assay, and BUN.
Tetrachlorinated Tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs): Highly Fluorescent Dyes and Semiconductors for Air‐Stable Organic n‐Channel Transistors and Complementary Circuits (2012)

A range of 2,9-perfluoroalkyl-substituted tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) derivatives (1-5) was synthesised by reacting 4,9-diamino-3,10-perylenequinone diimine (DPDI) with the corresponding carboxylic acid chloride or anhydride in the presence of a base. The reaction of compounds 1-4 with dichloroisocyanuric acid (DIC) in concentrated sulphuric acid resulted in the fourfold substitution of the tetraazaperopyrene core, yielding the 2,9-bisperfluoroalkyl-4,7,11,14-tetrachloro-1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrenes 6-9, respectively. The optical and electrochemical data demonstrate the drastic influence of the core substitution on the properties. All compounds are highly luminescent (fluorescence quantum yields of up to Φ=0.8). The LUMO energies of the tetrachlorinated TAPP derivatives (determined by cyclic voltammetry and computed by DFT calulations) were found to be below -4 eV. In the course of this work the performance of TAPP derivatives in organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) was investigated, and their n-channel characteristics with field-effect mobilities of up to 0.14 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and an on/off current ratio of >10(6) were confirmed. Long-term stabilities of 3-4 months under ambient conditions of the devices were established. Complementary inverters and ring oscillators with n-channel TFTs based on compound 8 and p-channel TFTs based on dinaphtho-[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) were fabricated on a glass substrate.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Quick-Release Bromocriptine Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Overall Safety and Cardiovascular Outcomes (2010)

The frequency of SAEs was comparable between the treatment arms. Compared with patients in the placebo arm, fewer patients taking bromocriptine-QR experienced a cardiovascular end point.