gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Dependent Modeling of Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers Excited by a Chirped Diode Laser (2012)

Numerical simulations are used to solve the coupled partial differential equations describing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) built up from random thermal phonons as a function of time and the longitudinal spatial coordinate in an optical fiber. In the case of a passive fiber, a laser beam is incident with constant power, but its frequency is linearly ramped at 1.55 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex> </formula> at a rate of up to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$10^{16}~{\rm Hz}/{\rm s}$</tex></formula> . High chirp rates lead to an increased Brillouin spectral bandwidth and decreased gain. The resulting SBS suppression is well described by an adiabatic model and agrees with experimental results. For an 18-m active fiber pumped at 1.06 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> and chirped at up to 2 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times 10^{16}~{\rm Hz}/{\rm s}$</tex></formula> , the suppression enables output laser powers in the kilowatt range while maintaining a narrow instantaneous linewidth.
Electron Density Measurements of Plasma Columns for N2 Atmospheric Lasing (2013)

Line emission of N2 and time-resolved electron density are measured in a several centimeter long plasma column. Peak density is 6*1015 cm−3 and emission from the second positive system of N2 is observed.
Reliability estimation for component-based software product lines (2014)

The objective of the software product line engineering paradigm is to enhance the largescale reuse of common core assets within a target domain. Reuse is facilitated by systematically organizing and modeling the core assets and the relationships between them. One of the main core assets of a domain is the model for representing the available functional aspects, often known as features, within structured forms such as feature models. The selection and composition of the most suitable or desirable set of features for a given purpose allows the rapid development of new final products from the software product line. Product developers are, in most cases, not only interested in building applications that possess certain functional characteristics but are also concerned with nonfunctional properties of the final product, such as reliability. To this end, we propose a component based software product line reliability estimation model that is able to provide lower and upper reliability bounds guarantees for a software product line feature model, its specializations and configurations. Our model builds on top of the reliability of the individual features that are present in the product line and provides best- and worst-case estimates. Our work is based on an essential and widely used assumption that features are implemented using self-contained software components or services whose reliability can be determined independently. We also propose reliability-aware configuration methods that ensure the satisfaction of both functional and reliability requirements during the application development process. We offer our observations and insight into the performance of our reliability estimation model and provide analysis of its advantages and shortcomings.
Development of Immunonconjugates for in Vivo Delivery: Cancer Diagnosis, Imaging, and Therapy (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Immunoconjugates Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy Immunoconjugates for Imaging Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic Applications Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges Summary References
Validation of an accelerated ‘demons’ algorithm for deformable image registration in radiation therapy (2005)

A greyscale-based fully automatic deformable image registration algorithm, originally known as the 'demons' algorithm, was implemented for CT image-guided radiotherapy. We accelerated the algorithm by introducing an 'active force' along with an adaptive force strength adjustment during the iterative process. These improvements led to a 40% speed improvement over the original algorithm and a high tolerance of large organ deformations. We used three methods to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm. First, we created a set of mathematical transformations for a series of patient's CT images. This provides a 'ground truth' solution for quantitatively validating the deformable image registration algorithm. Second, we used a physically deformable pelvic phantom, which can measure deformed objects under different conditions. The results of these two tests allowed us to quantify the accuracy of the deformable registration. Validation results showed that more than 96% of the voxels were within 2 mm of their intended shifts for a prostate and a head-and-neck patient case. The mean errors and standard deviations were 0.5 mm ± 1.5 mm and 0.2 mm ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Using the deformable pelvis phantom, the result showed a tracking accuracy of better than 1.5 mm for 23 seeds implanted in a phantom prostate that was deformed by inflation of a rectal balloon. Third, physician-drawn contours outlining the tumour volumes and certain anatomical structures in the original CT images were deformed along with the CT images acquired during subsequent treatments or during a different respiratory phase for a lung cancer case. Visual inspection of the positions and shapes of these deformed contours agreed well with human judgment. Together, these results suggest that the accelerated demons algorithm has significant potential for delineating and tracking doses in targets and critical structures during CT-guided radiotherapy.
Assay of Mutation Induced in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells by Combustion-Generated Soot Particles (1991)

A human lymphoblastoid cell line has been used to test for mutations caused by combustion-generated soot particles and their constituent components, which are substrate carbon-black and adsorbed condensate, principally in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It was found that the mutagenicity of the PAH fraction is higher when it is contacted with cells as a liquid extract than when it is supplied as a coating on soot particles. The substrate particles were found to be nonmutagenic. The rate of transfer of mutagens from the surface of particles, combined with the retention time of respirable aerosol particles, are deemed to define their mutagenic potential.
Developing an Inkjet Printer I: RGB Image to CMY Ink Amounts - Image Processing and Color Management (2020)

In this paper, we will introduce a novel low-cost, small size, portable nail printer. The usage of this system is to print any desired pattern on a finger nail in just a few minutes. The detailed pre-processing procedures will be described in this paper. These include image processing to find the correct printing zone, and color management to match the patterns&#x2019; color. In each phase, a novel algorithm will be introduced to refine the result. The paper will state the mathematical principles behind each phase, and show the experimental results, which illustrate the algorithms&#x2019; capabilities to handle the task.
Die polymerisation der lactame XIV. Einfluß des hexamethylguanidiniumchlorides auf die aktivierte anionische polymerisation der lactame (1977)

Abstract Es wurde eine beschleunigende Wirkung von Hexamethylguanidiniumchlorid (HMGC) auf die durch Alkalisalze der entsprechenden Lactame initiierte Polymeisation des 2‐Pyrrolidons (40°C) sowie des 6‐Caprolactams (CL) nachgewiesen. Diese beschleunigende Wirkung tritt nicht selektiv für einen bestimmten Typ des Alkalisalzes des Lactams als Initiator auf; sie wurde bei der Polymerisation des 6‐Caprolactams bei Initiierung sowohl durch sein Natrium‐ als auch Cäsimsalz nachgewiesen. Es wurde festgestellt, daß HMGC unter diesen Bedingungen selst keine Wachsumszentren bildet. Bei konstanten Konzentrationen des Initiators und des Aktivators ist die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Polymeisation in homogener Phase eine lineare Funktion der Quadratwurzel der Konzentration des HMGC. Auf Grund dieser Tatsache konnte ein möglicher Mechanismus der Wirkung von HMGC im Polymerisationsprozeß vorgesclagen werden.
Efficiency Enhancement in Plasmonic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Employing High Performance TiO2 Photoanode Doped with Silver Nanoparticles (2018)

High performance TiO2 photoanodes undoped and doped with silver nanoparticels of size about 15 nm were fabricated. Employing these electrodes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using N719 dye as sensitizer and iodide-triodide as redox couple. Current-voltage measurements were performed under the illumination of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5). The electrical parameters of the fabricated cells were extracted from the current-voltage data that include open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, shunt resistance, series resistance, fill-factor, ideality factor and solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency. The comparison of parameters revealed improvement in both the photovoltaic and electrical parameters of the plasmonic cell. The conversion efficiency measured for the reference cell without Ag NPs in TiO2 was 7.43 %, whereas the efficiency of plasmonic device with TiO2:Ag NPs was 9.26 %, resulting an overall efficiency improvement of 23% with Ag NPs. The increased performance of the plasmonic DSSC can be assigned to the improvement of its photovoltaic and electrical parameters. The improved short-circuit photocurrent density appears to be boosted due the enhanced light harvesting capability of the photoanode caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance effect induced in Ag nanoparticles. While, the rise in Voc can be credited to the upward shift of Fermi level of TiO2 due to the dopping of Ag nanoparticles in TiO2 network.
Energy-efficient PCF operation of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN (2003)

In this paper, we demonstrate the energy-efficient point coordination function (PCF) operation of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN (WLAN) via both transmit power control (TPC) and physical layer (PHY) rate adaptation. First, we derive the energy-consumption performance analytically for uplink data transmissions under the PCF. From the evaluation results, we observe that significant energy savings can be achieved by combining TPC with adaptive PHY rate selection. A key requirement for a transmitter to select the most energy-efficient combination of transmit power level and PHY rate is the knowledge of the path loss between the receiver and itself. We present a novel scheme for accurate path loss estimation in 802.11 WLAN. Results and conclusions presented in this paper can serve as a valuable guidance or reference for the design of future 5 GHz 802.11 WLAN systems.
Optical Repetition Rate Locking of Ultrafast Yb Doped All Fiber Oscillator for High Intensity OPCPA Systems (2018)

We demonstrate all-fiber ultrafast SESAM-based optically repetition rate locked oscillator concept designed for high intensity OPCPA systems. Pump induced refractive index change in the active erbium fiber for precise delay line was tested with 976 nm and 1550 nm wavelength pump. The measured jitter at the output of the system was around 1 ps.
Experimental study of transcrystallinity in UHMWPE/LLDPE composites (1993)

This study deals with the effect of a transcrystalline LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene) layer grown on Spectra 1000 UHMWPE (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene) fibres. Chemical similarity between the fibre and the surrounding melt does not promote transcrystallinity as no transcrystalline microstructure appears from the surface of as-received Spectra 1000 UHMWPE fibres. However, oxygen plasma treatment of the UHMWPE fibres yields a degree of surface roughness that appears to promote easy nucleation and growth of LLDPE transcrystallinity. The kinetics of transcrystalline growth were investigated quantitatively. The growth rate increased by a factor of about 12 for a 10°C increase in supercooling, and at 105°C the maximum observed thickness of the transcrystalline layer was about one fibre diameter. The induction time was found to decrease as the crystallization isotherm increased. We discuss the possibility of using surface energy parameters to define a better criterion for the nucleation of transcrystallinity from the UHMWPE fibre substrate. Preliminary data were generated for the interfacial mechanical shear strength by means of the microbond test. It is conjectured that the combined effects of a thermal treatment and the presence/absence of a transcrystalline layer might produce significant changes in the interfacial shear strength, as illustrated here by a 43% increase observed with specimens subjected to different thermal treatments.
Activities of the Biomechanics Group of the MSME laboratory (2014)

International audience
Short‐Term Effects of Acupuncture on Open‐Angle Glaucoma in Retrobulbar Circulation: Additional Therapy to Standard Medication (2011)

Background. The relation between glaucoma and retrobulbar circulation in the prognosis has been indicated. Purpose. To investigate the effects of acupuncture on retrobulbar circulation in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Methods. Eleven OAG patients (20 eyes with OAG) who were treated by topical antiglaucoma medications for at least 3 months were enrolled. Acupuncture was performed once at acupoints BL2, M-HN9, ST2, ST36, SP6, KI3, LR3, GB20, BL18, and BL23 bilaterally. Retrobulbar circulation was measured with color Doppler imaging, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at rest and one hour after rest or before and after acupuncture. Results. The Δ value of the resistive index in the short posterior ciliary artery (P < .01) and the Δ value of IOP (P < .01) were decreased significantly by acupuncture compared with no acupuncture treatment. Conclusions. Acupuncture can improve the retrobulbar circulation and IOP, which may indicate the efficacy of acupuncture for OAG.
Microfluidic stickers (2008)

We present how to make and assemble micro-patterned stickers (microPS) to construct high performance plastic microfluidic devices in a few minutes. We take advantage of soft UV imprint techniques to tailor the geometry, the mechanical properties, and the surface chemistry of 2D and 3D microfluidic circuits. The resulting microfluidic stickers substantially overcome the actual performance of the very popular PDMS devices for a wide range of applications, while sharing their celebrated fast and easy processing. To highlight the intrinsic advantages of this method, three important applications are detailed: (i) we show that both aqueous and organic droplets can be produced and stored in stickers without any specific surface coating. (ii) We report on the outstanding pressure resistance of the microPS, which open the way to the transport of viscous complex fluids. (iii) Finally, a simple design strategy is proposed to generate complex flow patterns in interconnected stacks of microPS.
Novel gold-decorated polyaniline derivatives as redox-active species for simultaneous detection of three biomarkers of lung cancer (2015)

Two kinds of novel redox-active species, gold-decorated polyaniline derivatives (Au-PANI derivatives) including gold-poly(o-aminophenol) (Au-PoAP) and gold-poly(p-phenylenediamine) (Au-PpPD), which can produce oxidation peaks at -0.2 V and 0.25 V, respectively, were synthesized by a one-pot method using o-aminophenol and p-phenylenediamine as monomers, and chloroauric acid as the oxidant. The gold nanoparticles in the composite make a prominent contribution to its conductivity. These two Au-PANI derivatives together with gold-poly(o-phenylenediamine) (Au-PoPD, oxidation peaks at -0.5 V) were used as redox-active species for simultaneous electrochemical detection of three biomarkers, namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), which are typical biomarkers of lung cancer. The present immunosensor exhibited a wide linearity range of 0.01 to 100 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> and limits of detection 6.3 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> for CEA, 8.5 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> for CYFRA21-1 and 7.9 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> for NSE. In addition, for the clinical serum sample, the data from this immunosensor are consistent with those from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Traffic noise level predictions for buildings with windows opened for natural ventilation in urban environments (2016)

The aims of this research are to discuss acoustical building performance for natural ventilation systems and to predict traffic noise level for inhabitants residing in urban settlements. Natural ventilation systems use outdoor air to improve the quality of indoor environments and can reduce energy consumption. However, natural ventilation systems create an acoustical problem. For example, if windows are opened for natural ventilation, outdoor traffic noise can disrupt people working and sleeping in the building. In this study, a new method that combines an algorithm to predict traffic noise levels (calculation of road traffic noise) with the Federal Highway Administration Traffic Noise Model's vehicle noise spectra correctly predicts the properties of noise propagation and attenuation through openings in urban environments, as well as outdoor sound propagation, sound reduction index, and indoor sound transmission. In order to develop this method, various traffic noise prediction methods to calculate sound attenuation during propagation outdoors based on International Organization for Standardization 9613 were analyzed. This study also describes the noise attenuation effect from surrounding elements, such as building envelope, location of openings, opening ratio, and indoor boundary conditions. The results of the simulations indicate that the integrated noise evaluation method can successfully predict the acoustic performance of natural ventilation systems in urban areas.
Laser-Based biomimetic functionalization of surfaces: from moisture harvesting lizards to specific fluid transport systems (2014)

Inspirations found in nature became more and more famous for an innovative product development. An interdisciplinary approach of scientifi c research and industrial development has shown that identifi cation and transfer of biological principles to technical applications uncover secrets of specifi c adaptations resulting in innovations with remarkable potential.
Racing performance of Standardbreds after conservative and surgical treatment for tarsocrural osteochondrosis (1993)

A retrospective study of 114 Standardbred horses diagnosed with osteochondrosis (OC) of the cranial intermediate ridge of the distal tibia was carried out, and their subsequent race records were compared with 456 control horses. Each OC-affected horse was compared with 4 horses randomly selected from a list of horses matched to it by year of birth, sex and sire. The horses with OC were treated by arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments (N = 58) or managed conservatively (N = 56). The clinical presentation of these two groups was similar, although joint effusion was a more common presenting sign in the group that received surgical treatment. There was no association between presence of lameness and the type of treatment used. Data from the race records of treated and control horses (including the number of starts, lifetime earnings and record racing times) were compared. Overall, horses treated for OC had significantly fewer starts than, but earnings similar to, those in the control group. However, when stratification by sex was performed, females with OC made fewer starts and had lower earnings than did their control group. There was no significant difference in record time between OC-affected horses and controls. These results indicate that horses treated for osteochondrosis of the cranial intermediate ridge of the distal tibia performed as well as matched controls.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMEN VON SNI‐RK., WIEDERVEREINIGUNG VON IONENPAAREN BEI DER ZERS. VON ARYLALKYLTHIOCARBONATEN (1970)

Abstract Die optisch aktiven Thiocarbonate (I) spalten thermolytisch CO 2 ab und gehen in die Sulfide (II) über.
A parallel implementation of XTP on transputers (2002)

High performance communication systems have to provide very high data rates of more than 100 Mbit/s to new applications such as multimedia applications. To overcome the bottleneck in communication systems, the protocol processing of the layers above media access control layer, light weight protocols such as XTP (Xpress Transfer Protocol) are used. XTP is a protocol with functionality of layers three and four and was designed for protocol processing in reliable high speed networks such as FDDI, XTP is based on parallel finite state machines (FSMs) to support an efficient realization in VLSI. This paper presents a software implementation of XTP for a multiprocessor system. The implementation is based on these FSMs, which are mapped onto processes running on the processors of a multiprocessor architecture and communicating with each other by message passing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bedside Multimarker Testing for Risk Stratification in Chest Pain Units: The Chest Pain Evaluation by Creatine Kinase-MB, Myoglobin, and Troponin I (CHECKMATE) Study (2001)

We wish to raise several questions about the article by Newby et al. 1 It purports to demonstrate that a quantitative multimarker strategy is better for chest pain patients than a single marker strategy because it identifies patients who are at risk for death earlier.
FT‐02‐06: Framing a future initiative (2010)

This talk will summarize the discussions from the previous panelists, and the discussion with the audience to propose a framework by which to move forward. It will identify the challenges and opportunities with an expanded initiative and will begin to lay out the rolls and responsibilities of the various stakeholders.
The renal range of the κ/λ sFLC ratio: best strategy to evaluate multiple myeloma in patients with chronic kidney disease (2020)

This study confirms the influence of eGFR on the interpretation of the sFLC ratio, showing a decreasing specificity in progressive CKD stages when using the reference sFLC range (Katzmann), especially in patients with eFGR ≤55. According to our results, we suggest a modified optimal range (0.82-3,6) for eGFR ≤55 ml/min/1.73 m2. It is necessary to validate this modified range in larger and prospective studies.