gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of rat faecal metabolites of ebastine byB/E linked scanning liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (1994)

The identification of rat faecal metabolites of a new antihistaminic agent, ebastine, 4'-tert-butyl-4-[4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]butyrophenone, is presented. After oral administration of (14C)ebastine (20 mg kg-1) to rats, 84% of the radioactive dose was excreted in the 24 h faeces. Unchanged drug and five metabolites were isolated from the faeces by thin-layer chromatography and solid-phase extraction, and their structures were identified by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry using the B/E linked scanning technique. The main metabolic pathways were oxidation of a terminal methyl group to give the hydroxymethyl and carboxyl derivatives, and hydroxylation of a phenyl ring in the diphenylmethoxy moiety. In addition to the oxidative mechanism, metabolism of ebastine involved sulphate conjugation. It is noteworthy that M-4, having both phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, was sulphated selectively in the latter position.
Activation of sodium cyanate for selective inhibition of protein synthesis in cultured tumor cells. (1981)

Sodium cyanate, a selective inhibitor of protein synthesis in animal tumors in situ, has no comparable effect when added to tumor cells in culture. However, a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis in cultured tumor cells can be achieved by reaction of cyanate with the drug-metabolizing system of liver microsomes. Procedures are described for the induction, preparation, and testing of an active cytochrome P-450 fraction which converts cyanate to a short-lived dialyzable metabolite that selectively inhibits amino acid incorporation in tumor cells without a corresponding effect on protein synthesis in normal cells. The suppression of tumor protein synthesis is not due to a general toxicity reaction because thymidine incorporation into the DNA of tumor cells is not inhibited by the cyanate metabolite. When HeLa cells are exposed to sodium butyrate, a substance reported to suppress the malignant phenotype in several tumor cell lines, they lose their sensitivity to the cyanate metabolite. Chick fibroblasts which are normally insensitive to the cyanate metabolite become cyanate sensitive after transformation by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of the Rous sarcoma virus.
Large animal ischemic stroke models: replicating human stroke pathophysiology (2020)

The high morbidity and mortality rate of ischemic stroke in humans has led to the development of numerous animal models that replicate human stroke to further understand the underlying pathophysiology and to explore potential therapeutic interventions. Although promising therapeutics have been identified using these animal models, with most undergoing significant testing in rodent models, the vast majority of these interventions have failed in human clinical trials. This failure of preclinical translation highlights the critical need for better therapeutic assessment in more clinically relevant ischemic stroke animal models. Large animal models such as non-human primates, sheep, pigs, and dogs are likely more predictive of human responses and outcomes due to brain anatomy and physiology that are more similar to humans-potentially making large animal testing a key step in the stroke therapy translational pipeline. The objective of this review is to highlight key characteristics that potentially make these gyrencephalic, large animal ischemic stroke models more predictive by comparing pathophysiological responses, tissue-level changes, and model limitations.
Strain limiting for soft finger contact simulation (2013)

The command of haptic devices for rendering direct interaction with the hand requires thorough knowledge of the forces and deformations caused by contact interactions on the fingers. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to simulate nonlinear elasticity under frictional contact, with the goal of establishing a model-based strategy to command haptic devices and to render direct hand interaction. The key novelty in our algorithm is an approach to model the extremely nonlinear elasticity of finger skin and flesh using strain-limiting constraints, which are seamlessly combined with frictional contact constraints in a standard constrained dynamics solver. We show that our approach enables haptic rendering of rich and compelling deformations of the fingertip.
On the Basics of Conditional Handover for 5G Mobility (2018)

We are studying the mobility performance, outage and the signaling overhead of conditional handover (CHO) in Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR). We observe that CHO will bring mobility robustness and outage gain but could lead to significant increase in signaling if not properly parametrized. Also, self-organizing networks (SON) optimization for CHO and CHO triggering based on source quality are found to improve performance significantly without increased signaling.
Alkaline‐ionic liquid slug injection for improved heavy oil recovery (2018)

Abstract Chemical flooding has a great potential for improving the recovery factor of heavy oil, especially for reservoirs in which thermal techniques are not applicable. In this novel study, chemical flooding experiments of alkali and alkali + ionic liquid (AIL) mixtures were performed using unconsolidated sand packs. The aim was to investigate the effect on the recovery factor (RF) of combining an alkali, Na 2 CO 3 , and four different imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][Ac], 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide [BMIM][Tf 2 N], and 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride [DMIM][Cl]). The obtained data show that as the ionic liquid concentration and slug size increase, the recovery factor (RF) was found to increase. The study also demonstrates that ionic liquids (ILs) are better in improving heavy oil than recovery than a well‐known surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). IFT measurements were performed for the Pelican oil used with brine and with [DMIM][Cl], and [EMIM][Ac]. The surface tension (SFT) and zeta potential (ZP) were also measured and correlated to the improvement in the RF. The study shows that in the presence of Na 2 CO 3 , the ionic liquid type, concentration, and slug size are important parameters in enhancing heavy oil recovery.
Biomechanics of Third Window Syndrome (2020)

Third window syndrome describes a set of vestibular and auditory symptoms that arise when a pathological third mobile window is present in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. The pathological mobile window (or windows) adds to the oval and round windows, disrupting normal auditory and vestibular function by altering biomechanics of the inner ear. The most commonly occurring third window syndrome arises from superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), where a section of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal is absent or thinned (near-dehiscence). The presentation of SSCD syndrome is well characterized by clinical audiological and vestibular tests. In this review, we describe how the third compliant window introduced by a SSCD alters the biomechanics of the inner ear and thereby leads to vestibular and auditory symptoms. Understanding the biomechanical origins of SSCD further provides insight into other third window syndromes and the potential of restoring function or reducing symptoms through surgical repair.
Categories of Zinc Metalloenzymes (2023)

Zinc plays a structural role when it is required solely for the structural stability of the protein, being necessary for activity only to the extent that the overall conformation of the enzyme affects its action. This chapter focuses on the occurrence and function of zinc in enzymes with a brief survey of the role of zinc in metalloenzymes. The function of zinc in metalloenzymes can be divided into four categories: catalytic, structural, regulatory (or modulatory), and noncatalytic. The chapter explores representative examples of each of the roles of zinc in metalloenzymes by using carbonic anhydrase and alcohol dehydrogenase to illustrate a catalytic role, aspartate transcarbamylase for a structural role, leucine aminopeptidase for a regulatory role, and alcohol dehydrogenase for a noncatalytic role. In exercising its regulatory function in, for example, bovine and porcine leucine aminopeptidase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, zinc activates or inhibits but is not itself essential for enzymatic activity.
1.55μm InP-based electrically-pumped VECSELs: comparison of buried and implanted tunnel junctions as current confinement schemes for the realization of large diameter devices (2007)

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of InP-based 1.55 &mgr;m wavelength large diameter (50 &mgr;m) electrically-pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (EP-VECSELs). The hybrid device consists of a half vertical cavity surface emitting laser (1/2-VCSEL) structure assembled with a concave dielectric external mirror. The 1/2- VCSEL is monolithically grown on InP substrate and includes a semiconductor Bragg mirror and a tunnel junction for electrical injection. Buried (BTJ) and ion implanted (ITJ) tunnel junction electrical confinement schemes are compared in terms of their thermal and electrical characteristics. Lower thermal resistance values are measured for BJT, but reduced current crowding effects and uniform current injection are evidenced for ITJ. Using the ITJ technique, we demonstrate Room-Temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) single transverse mode laser operation from 50-&mgr;m diameter EP-VECSEL devices. We show that the experimental laser optical output versus injected current (L-I) curves are well-reproduced by a simple analytical thermal model, consistent with the thermal resistance measurements performed on the 1/2-VCSEL structure. Our results indicate that thermal heating is the main mechanism limiting the maximum CW output power of 50-&mgr;m diameter VECSELs, rather than current injection inhomogeneity.
Different delivery systems for the optimization of the induction of the spawn in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (2000)

Trabajo presentado en laAQUA 2000: International conference on responsible aquaculture in the new millennium, celebrada en Niza (Francia), del 2al 6 de mayo de 2000
Differences in the biological carbon pump at three subtropical ocean sites (2002)

We report primary production of organic matter and organic carbon removal from three subtropical open ocean time‐series stations, two located in the Atlantic and one in the Pacific, to quantify the biological components of the oceanic carbon pump. We find that within subtropical gyres, export production varies considerably despite similar phytoplankton biomass and productivity. We provide evidence that the removal of organic carbon is linked to differences in nutrient input into the mixed layer, both from eddy induced mixing and dinitrogen fixation. These findings contribute to our knowledge of the spatial heterogeneity of the subtropical oceans, which make up more than 50% of all ocean area and are thought to spread in the course of CO 2 ‐ induced global warming.
The Urothelial Transcriptomic Response to Interferon Gamma: Implications for Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy (2022)

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is central to the inflammatory immune response, such as that entrained by BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. However, immune-mediated tumour cell killing is subject to modulation by immunoinhibitory "checkpoint" receptors such as PD-L1. We investigated the effects of IFNγ on barrier-forming in vitro-differentiated normal human urothelium using mRNA-sequencing, and showed canonical upregulation of MHC class I/II and de novo expression of the T cell tropic CXCL9-11 chemokines. Normal urothelium constitutively expressed immunoinhibitory B7 family member <i>VSIR</i> (VISTA), while <i>CD274</i> (PD-L1) expression was induced/upregulated by IFNγ. We generated a urothelial IFNγ response gene signature. When applied to the unsupervised clustering of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers, the IFNγ-signature predicted longer recurrence-free survival. In muscle-invasive cancers, the IFNγ-signature split the basal/squamous consensus subtype, with significantly worse overall survival when weak or absent. This study offers novel insights into strategies to enhance immunotherapy via the IFNγ and VISTA/PD-L1 nexus.
Carcinoembryonic antigens (CD66) on epithelial cells and neutrophils are receptors for Opa proteins of pathogenic neisseriae (1996)

Opa protein-expressing pathogenic neisseriae interact with CD66a-transfected COS (African green monkey kidney) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. CD66a (BGP) is a member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, CD66) family. The interactions occur at the N-terminal domain of CD66a, a region that is highly conserved between members of the CEA subgroup of the CD66 family. In this study, we have investigated the roles of CD66 expressed on human epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear phagocytes (PMNs) in adhesion mediated via Opa proteins. Using human colonic (HT29) and lung (A549) epithelial cell lines known to express CD66 molecules, we show that these receptors are used by meningococci. A monoclonal antibody, YTH71.3, against the N-terminal domain of CD66, but not 3B10 directed against domains, A1/ B1, inhibited meningococcal adhesion to host cells. When acapsulate bacteria expressing Opa proteins were used, large numbers of bacteria adhered to HT29 and A549 cells. In addition, both CD66a-transfected CHO cells and human epithelial cells were invaded by Opa-expressing meningococci, suggesting that epithelial cell invasion may occur via Opa-CD66 interactions. In previous studies we have shown that serogroup A strain C751 expresses three Opa proteins, all of which mediate non-opsonic interactions with neutrophils. We have examined the mechanisms of these interactions using antibodies and soluble chimeric receptors. The results indicate that the nature of their interactions with purified CD66a molecules and with CD66 on neutrophils is alike and that these interactions occur at the N-terminal domain of CD66. Thus, the Opa family of neisserial ligands may interact with several members of the CD66 family via their largely conserved N-terminal domains.
Fine structure of neural spiking and synchronization in the presence of conduction delays (1998)

Hippocampal networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that produce gamma-frequency rhythms display behavior in which the inhibitory cells produce spike doublets when there is strong stimulation at separated sites. It has been suggested that the doublets play a key role in the ability to synchronize over a distance. Here we analyze the mechanisms by which timing in the spike doublet can affect the synchronization process. The analysis describes two independent effects: one comes from the timing of excitation from separated local circuits to an inhibitory cell, and the other comes from the timing of inhibition from separated local circuits to an excitatory cell. We show that a network with both of these effects has different synchronization properties than a network with either excitatory or inhibitory type of coupling alone, and we give a rationale for the shorter space scales associated with inhibitory interactions.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Modeling for Fault Detection and Classification in Semiconductor Manufacturing (2011)

This paper proposes a new approach to modeling the sequential flow characteristics of data patterns for detecting and classifying faulty processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Unlike conventional methods, which consider the spatial pattern distributions, the proposed approach models the spatial patterns local in time, transition time, staying time, and the sequential ordering of the local patterns through the process. To model these spatiotemporal patterns, we develop a sequential version of support vector data description (SVDD). This improves the precision of fault detection and easily detects the process start/end points; the moment a fault occurs can be captured immediately by checking the process start/end point based on the sequential order of SVDD. The detection of the moment a fault occurs is useful in analyzing the source of the fault.
Understanding host–parasite relationship: the immune central nervous system microenvironment and its effect on brain infections (2017)

The central nervous system (CNS) has been recognized as an immunologically specialized microenvironment, where immune surveillance takes a distinctive character, and where delicate neuronal networks are sustained by anti-inflammatory factors that maintain local homeostasis. However, when a foreign agent such as a parasite establishes in the CNS, a set of immune defences is mounted and several immune molecules are released to promote an array of responses, which ultimately would control the infection and associated damage. Instead, a host-parasite relationship is established, in the context of which a close biochemical coevolution and communication at all organization levels between two complex organisms have developed. The ability of the parasite to establish in its host is associated with several evasion mechanisms to the immune response and its capacity for exploiting host-derived molecules. In this context, the CNS is deeply involved in modulating immune functions, either protective or pathogenic, and possibly in parasitic activity as well, via interactions with evolutionarily conserved molecules such as growth factors, neuropeptides and hormones. This review presents available evidence on some examples of CNS parasitic infections inducing different morbi-mortality grades in low- or middle-income countries, to illustrate how the CNS microenvironment affect pathogen establishment, growth, survival and reproduction in immunocompetent hosts. A better understanding of the influence of the CNS microenvironment on neuroinfections may provide relevant insights into the mechanisms underlying these pathologies.
Secure Synchronization of Periodic Updates in Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

We present techniques for synchronizing nodes that periodically broadcast content and presence updates to colocated nodes over an ad hoc network, where nodes may exhibit Byzantine malicious behavior. Instead of aligning duty cycles, our algorithms synchronize the periodic transmissions of nodes. This allows nodes to save battery power by switching off their network cards without missing updates from their neighbors. We propose several novel attack classes and show that they are able to disrupt synchronization even when launched by a single attacker. Finally, we devise a rating based algorithm (RBA) that rates neighbors based on the consistency of their behavior. By favoring well-behaved nodes in the synchronization process, we show that RBA quickly stabilizes the synchronization process and reduces the number of lost updates by 85 percent. Our evaluation also shows that all our algorithms are computationally efficient and, for the setup considered, extend the device lifetime by 30 percent over an always-on Wi-Fi scenario.
Absolute Pitch: Genetics (2013)

Abstract Absolute pitch (AP) is a cognitive trait characterised by the ability to identify or name the pitch of a musical note or ambient sound without the use of a reference pitch. It is rare in the general population, and relatively uncommon even in musicians. AP displays familial aggregation and has recently been shown to be strongly associated with synaesthesia. Genetic linkage analysis has identified regions on several chromosomes that contain genes involved in both AP and synaesthesia. Key Concepts: Absolute pitch is an example of a discrete and easily measurable cognitive trait that has a strong genetic component. Absolute pitch ability is not restricted to musicians. Absolute pitch is associated with other distinctive cognitive traits such as synaesthesia. The genes for absolute pitch are likely to be involved in brain development and cortical connectivity. The elucidation of the genetic basis for absolute pitch will provide insight into general aspects of brain development and biology.
Force-Induced Craniosynostosis in the Murine Sagittal Suture (2009)

An in vitro model of force-induced craniosynostosis has been devised. Premature fusion of the murine sagittal suture was induced with the application of controlled, cyclical, compressive loads. These results implicate abnormal forces in the development of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, which supports our global hypothesis that epigenetic phenomena play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis.
A Fully Printable Chipless RFID Tag With Detuning Correction Technique (2012)

This article presents a new chipless RFID tag operating in the frequency span 2 to 4 GHz. In particular the tag does not require any ground plane and it is made of 20 scatterers giving 20 b as coding capacity, for a compact size of 70 25 , compatible with a credit-card format. Its fabrication process is potentially very cheap because it needs only one conductive layer, so that it can be fully printed directly on the product. To overcome the detuning effect inherent to a single layer tag and make this design robust to the environment versatility, a simple compensation technique is introduced and experimented for the first time. Measurements have been performed frequency domain, using amplitude and the group delay response. The exploitation of group delay appears to be very reliable and promising way to retrieve the coded information.
Ultrastructural studies of sporulation in Streptomyces (1976)

This is the first study of sporogenesis in Streptomyces carried out on a relatively high number of species (seven) which allows us, using also previously published results, to establish a general picture of this process. In the sporogenesis of Streptomyces two basic stages can be considered: the sporulation septum synthesis and the arthrospore maturation. Our ultrastructural study of the sporulation septum formation suggests the existance within this genus of three basic types. Type I is distinguished because the septum is formed from the beginning by two separate cross walls. Within this type we include Streptomyces erythraeus, Streptomyces albus, and Streptomyces aureofaciens and also include Streptomyces venezuelae, Streptomyces griseus, and Streptomyces osteogriseus. Type II is distinguished because there is a deposit of material previous to the synthesis of the double annulus which completes the septum. This type can be divided into two subtypes. In the first the deposits are wedge-shaped and the double annulus is clearly visible, and to this group belong Streptomyces flaveolus, Streptomyces ambofaciens, and Streptomyces coelicolor. In the second the deposits, which have a different shape and are very well developed, constitute almost entirely the sporulation septum in which the double annulus is barely visible; Streptomyces antibioticus and also Streptomyces viridochromogenes belong to this group. Type III, represented by Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is distinguished because the septum is formed by a single cross wall.
Study on Camellia Pollen Characteristics and the Vitality under Different Storage Conditions (2008)

Study on the pollen number of single-anther,pollen germination rate in vitro and vitality of Camellia yuhsienensis and C.huangdan under different storage conditions resulted that mean pollen number of single-anther of C.yuhsienensis and C.huangdan was about 5 400 and 6 700.Germination rate of both the two pollens topped in the culture medium of 5% sucrose+0.01% boric acid+1% agar,reaching 70.9% and 73.1% respectively.After dry storage at 4℃,-20℃,room temperature and 25℃ for a week,the germination rate of the two Camellias was 35%,2.1%/ 21.0%,27.5%/ 36.7%,13.3% and 26.7%,21.5% respectively.