gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of medical institutions on the treatment decisions and outcome of root-resected molars: A retrospective claims analysis from a representative database (2014)

Background: This study analyzes the prognostic factors affecting the survival rate of root-resected molars by using a representative population-based dataset. Materials and Methods: A total of 635,216 eligible patients were enrolled from a representative cohort composed of one million of Taiwan's population. The tooth-related factors influencing the survival rates of root-resected teeth were examined on 516 molars, in 492 patients. Cox regression was performed to statistically analyze the factors. Results: The overall survival rate for the root-resected molars was 91.7%. Of the analyzed factors with respect to root-resection procedures, whether or not concomitant flap surgery was performed in the medical institutions, the dental arch and tooth location demonstrated a considerable influence on the treatment and decision-making. The main reasons and results of root-resected molars receiving root-resection therapy in hospitals were the periodontal-compromised conditions, whereas, the root-resected molars that received root-resection therapy in private practice clinics were caused by caries/endodontic reasons. After adjusting for other factors, in the outcome of root-resected molars, a higher risk of extraction occurrence was seen in hospitals than in private practice clinics (hazard ratio = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.98; P = 0.039). Conclusions: Of the analyzed prognostic factors, medical institutions significantly affect the treatment decision and survival of root-resected molars. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation, risk assessment, and treatment plan should be executed before the root-resection procedure is performed.
Receptor potential characteristics during direct stereocilia stimulation of isolated outer hair cells from the guinea‐pig (1998)

The receptor potential as a function of stimulus amplitude and frequency was studied with the patch-clamp technique in isolated outer hair cells (OHCs) with a length ranging from 30 to 87 microm during direct mechanical stimulation of the stereocilia. The amplitude and frequency of the stimulation were varied from 125 nm to 2 microm and from 100 Hz to 2.5 kHz, respectively. The mean resting membrane potential before stimulation was -64.25 +/- 1.4 mV (mean +/- SE, n = 26). Irrespective of the frequency used, stereocilia stimulation produced a combination of AC and DC responses, and both components showed saturation with increasing stimulation. Frequency responses appeared to be a function of intensity and resembled a low-pass filter with a time constant ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 ms. With increasing stereocilia stimulation, the relative contribution of high frequencies to the AC component decreased, suggesting a decrease of the corner frequency. The saturated amplitude of the AC component for low-frequency stimulation (100 Hz) was proportional to cell length and increased with a mean rate of 0.014 mV microm(-1). A relationship between the DC response of the receptor potential and the pre-stimulus membrane potential was found. Recordings with more negative membrane potentials had greater DC components, while more depolarized recordings demonstrated smaller DC components. These fluctuations seemed to be defined by the interaction between the probe and stereocilia bundle and could be in the range of the transfer function for each cell.
Trichothiodystrophy hair shafts display distinct ultrastructural features (2022)

Hair shafts from three trichothiodystrophy (TTD) patients with mutations in the ERCC2 (XPD) gene were examined by transmission electron microscopy. TTD is a rare, recessive disorder with mutations in several genes in the DNA repair/transcription pathway, including ERCC2. Unlike previous studies, the hair shafts were examined after relaxation of their structure by partial disulphide bond reduction in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, permitting improved visualization. Compared with hair shafts of normal phenotype, TTD cuticle cells displayed aberrant marginal bands and exocuticle layers. Clusters of cells stained differently (light versus dark) in the cortex of aberrant shafts, and the keratin macrofibrils appeared much shorter in the cytoplasm. Considerable heterogeneity in these properties was evident among samples and even along the length of single hair shafts. The results are consistent with not only a paucity of high sulphur components, such as keratin-associated proteins, but also a profound imbalance in protein content and organization.
Conversion factors in dilatometric data of polymerization reactions (1976)

Abstract Various factors in the conversion of dilatometric data to the extent of polymerization have been considered. These factors are volume additivity, density additivity, difference between the thermal coefficients of monomer and polymer, molecular weight, and degree of crosslinkage. Equations relating the dilatometric readings to the extent of polymerization have been derived. These equations can be used for reactions where the polymerization may be stopped short of complete polymerization. They can also be used for polymerization where the initial portion of the reaction is difficult to record.
Formation Mechanism of a Monoatomic Order Surface Layer on a Sc-Type Impregnated Cathode (1989)

The electron emission of a Sc-type impregnated cathode is known to be enhanced by a monoatomic-order surface layer composed of Ba, Sc, and O. This layer reduces the work function much lower than those of conventional impregnated cathodes. 1,2) It also makes the cathode resistant to gas contamination. 3) In the present work, a basic impregnated cathode is coated with a thin tungsten film containing a certain amount of Sc 2 W 3 O 12 (about 5–10 atomic percent) to produce a (W-Sc 2 W 3 O 12 ) coated cathode. The supplying mechanism of free Sc atoms, and hence the monoatomic-order layer formation mechanism, 4) is clarified by Auger electron analysis and X-ray diffraction analyses. Free Sc atoms are produced through the following surface chemical reaction between Sc 2 W 3 O 12 and Ba atoms supplied from the substrate 4) as Sc 2 W 3 O 12 +3Ba=3BaWO 4 +2Sc. This monoatomic layer formation improves the electron emission current density measured at 850°C b (brightness temperature) about threefold compared to that of conventional Os coated impregnated cathodes.
The effect of pH on nitrogen supply, cell lysis, and solvent production in fermentations of Clostridium acetobutylicum (1985)

In batch fermentations of C. acetobutylicum, with 5 g/L yeast extract and 50mM glucose, the ratio of ammonium to glucose affected solvent production when the pH was left to vary uncontrolled from 4.5 to 3.65. High solvent production was observed for a low ratio. When the pH was controlled at 4.5, only acids were produced for all ratio values. At a low ammonium-to-glucose ratio, solvents were produced when the pH was controlled at 3.7. Acids only were produced for a low ratio value at pH 4.0 or for a high ratio value at pH 3.7. In continuous cultures, mostly acids were produced under glucose limitation, but solvents were produced under nitrogen limitation. It was concluded that the nitrogen availability controls solvent production and that the pH affects the availability of organic nitrogen. Biomass autolysis at the stationary phase of batch cultures was reversibly inhibited at pH values less than 3.8. In batch fermentations, the overall molar growth yields on ATP (Y(ATP)) varied from 5.5 to 9.0 and the transient yields from 5.5 to 15.5. In continuous cultures, the Y(ATP) values varied from 5.5 to 14.7 under glucose limitation, and from 6.1 to 9.3 under nitrogen limitation. The Y(ATP) depended on the ammonium to glucose ratio and the culture pH, but did not show the usual dependence on the specific growth rate in batch cultures. The experiments seem to confirm the hypothesis that solvent production is controlled by the demand and availability of ATP.
Biological Activities of Chinese Propolis and Brazilian Propolis on Streptozotocin‐Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats (2010)

Propolis is a bee-collected natural product and has been proven to have various bioactivities. This study tested the effects of Chinese propolis and Brazilian propolis on streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that Chinese propolis and Brazilian propolis significantly inhibited body weight loss and blood glucose increase in diabetic rats. In addition, Chinese propolis-treated rats showed an 8.4% reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels compared with untreated diabetic rats. Measurement of blood lipid metabolism showed dyslipidemia in diabetic rats and Chinese propolis helped to reduce total cholesterol level by 16.6%. Moreover, oxidative stress in blood, liver and kidney was improved to various degrees by both Chinese propolis and Brazilian propolis. An apparent reduction in levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and urine microalbuminuria-excretion rate demonstrated the beneficial effects of propolis in hepatorenal function. All these results suggested that Chinese propolis and Brazilian propolis can alleviate symptoms of diabetes mellitus in rats and these effects may partially be due to their antioxidant ability.
<title>Comparison of ROCs for various sensor fusion schemes</title> (1990)

We consider the problem of target discrimination based on measurements taken by two sensors, with each sensor measuring a single continuous quantity. We analyze several fusion schemes. These differ in how much data compression the individual sensors make before sending their information to the fusion center where the final decision is made, and in how that fmal decision is made. A comparison of the performance of the various fusion schemes is done by comparing their ROCs (Receiver Operating Characteristics).
Virgin Rhetoric: Fray Luis de Leon and Marian Piety in Virgen, que el sol mas pura (2005)

Fray Luis's "Virgen que el sol más pura" has generally been read as a straightforward expression of the poet's Marian piety expressed in the difficult circumstances of his imprisonment by the Inquisition. The more intimate tone and the autobiographical subject matter of this poem have made it a favorite of many modern readers who have looked at it and the other so-called 'prison poems' as revealing Fray Luis's capacity for writing in a more personal poetic register. By reconsidering his use of Marian piety in this poem in the context of his other works and as a self-conscious imitation of its Petrarchan model, this interpretation argues that "Virgen" is a much subtler poetic expression than has been commonly recognized. His unusual use of Marian piety and the doctrine of Mary's immaculacy (almost unique in the context of the poet's oeuvre as a whole) may be read as a rhetorical stance tied stylistically and thematically to the imprisoned circumstances of the poetic voice. Although irony is not a common literary device in Fray Luis, the juxtaposition of the liturgical praise to the immaculate Virgin and the poet's own abject condition prepares the stage for the poem's concluding invitation (both to Mary and to the reader) to intuit the unspoken desires of the imprisoned poetic voice. In his final appeal to the Virgin, the poetic voice declares that—despite his ability to praise Mary—he is unable to publish what his heart truly desires.
Integrated GaAs f.e.t. mixer performance at X band (1975)

Experiments were performed at X band with GaAs f.e.t.s used as mixer elements. These studies show that an f.e.t. mixer may exhibit a conversion gain approaching that of the corresponding amplifier. Conversion gains as high as 6 dB were measured. Low noise and high signal-handling capabilities were also demonstrated.
Optimal Search Strategies for Ultrawide Bandwidth Signal Acquisition (2006)

The important task of acquiring a spread-spectrum signal in a reasonable amount of time prior to commencing communication can be quite challenging for a receiver, especially when the transmission bandwidth is large. This paper investigates search techniques that minimize and maximize the mean acquisition time (MAT), a widely used performance measure of an acquisition receiver. We prove that a fixed-step serial search, a form of non-consecutive serial search, achieves a near-optimal MAT. In addition, we prove that the conventional serial search, in which consecutive cells are tested serially, results in the maximum MAT. Since these results are valid for any signal-to-noise ratio value, any fading distribution, and any detail of the detection layer, the paper provides search strategies that acquisition receivers should employ and search strategies that acquisition receivers should avoid.
AIDS cholangiopathy as initial presentation of HIV infection. (2001)

AIDS related cholangiopathy is a known clinical entity, but most cases described in literature are known cases of HIV infection who have presented with pain abdomen. AIDS cholangiopathy as the initial presentation of HIV infection is very rare. Here we report such a case.
Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval from Envisat Altimetry Data (2021)

Arctic sea ice variations are sensitive to Arctic environmental changes and global changes. Freeboard and thickness are two important parameters in sea ice change research. Satellite altimetry can provide long-time and large-scale sea ice monitoring. We estimated the Arctic sea ice freeboard and its variations for the period from 2002 to 2012 from Envisat satellite altimetry data. To remove geoid undulations, we reprocessed the Envisat data using a newly developed mean sea surface (MSS) model, named DTU18. Residuals in the static geoid were removed by using the moving average technique. We then determined the local sea surface height and sea ice freeboard from the Envisat elevation profiles. We validated our freeboard estimates using two radar freeboard products from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), as well as the Operation IceBridge (OIB) sea ice freeboard product. The overall differences between our estimates and the CCI and AWI data were 0.11 ± 0.14 m and 0.12 ± 0.14 m, respectively. Our estimates show good agreement with the three products for areas of freeboard larger than 0.2 m and smaller than 0.3 m. For areas of freeboard larger than 0.3 m, our estimates correlate better with OIB freeboard than with CCI and AWI. The variations in the Arctic sea ice thickness are discussed. The ice freeboard reached its minimum in 2008 during the research period. Sharp decreases were found in the winters of 2005 and 2007.
140-GHz gyrotron experiments based on a confocal cavity (1998)

We have designed and experimentally demonstrated the operation of a novel quasioptical gyrotron oscillator based on an overmoded confocal waveguide cavity. This cavity effectively suppresses undesired modes, and therefore has extremely low mode density. Stable single-mode, single-frequency operation was achieved in the TE/sub 06/ mode at 136 GHz. A peak RF output power of 66 kW, corresponding to an efficiency of 18%, was measured. By varying the cavity magnetic field, high-power generation was observed at 136 GHz in the TE/sub 06/ mode and at 114 GHz in the TE/sub 05/ mode. These frequencies correspond to the high Q modes of the confocal resonator. The low Q modes were either weak or not observed. In this paper, we will review the design procedure for this cavity and present experimental data verifying its effectiveness in reducing the number of modes that can be excited. The confocal waveguide could also be used in high-power, gyro-TWT amplifiers to provide greater operating stability and bandwidth, especially in an overmoded waveguide structure.
Graph Convolutional Matrix Completion (2017)

We consider matrix completion for recommender systems from the point of view of link prediction on graphs. Interaction data such as movie ratings can be represented by a bipartite user-item graph with labeled edges denoting observed ratings. Building on recent progress in deep learning on graph-structured data, we propose a graph auto-encoder framework based on differentiable message passing on the bipartite interaction graph. Our model shows competitive performance on standard collaborative filtering benchmarks. In settings where complimentary feature information or structured data such as a social network is available, our framework outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods.
Production of the Novel Two-Peptide Lantibiotic Lichenicidin by Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 (2009)

In conclusion, B. licheniformis DSM 13 produces an antimicrobial substance that represents the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin and that shows activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance (2018)

Clinicians should be cognizant that student-athletes with a history of trait anxiety, depression, and anxiety with depression may report higher symptom score and severity at baseline. Individuals with extensive concussion history may experience greater state anxiety, depression, and somatization.
기업의 지배구조와 경영성과와의 관계 (2007)

본 연구에서는 사단법인 한국기업지배구조개선지원센터에서 공표하는 지배구조우수기업으로 선정된 기업이 통제기업에 비하여 경영성과가 더 나은가를 검정하였다. 지배구조 우수기업은 대주주의 사적 이익추구동기를 효과적으로 통제할 수 있고, 경영 투명성과 경영의사결정의 합리성이 더 추구될 것이므로 경영성과가 더 나을 것이라고 가정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 경영성과는 공표재무제표에 의한 안정성, 수익성에 속하는 재무비율로 측정하였다. 연구가설 I, II는 지배구조우수기업이 통제기업에 대하여 안정성, 수익성에서 (+)의 차이를 보일 것이다라는 것이며, 검정에 사용된 회계자료는 2002년에서 2004회계년도까지의 3개년 공표 재무제표에 의하였다. 분석대상기업은 한국기업지배구조개선지원센타에서 2004년도에 지배구조우수기업으로 선정한 100개 상장회사 중 명단 공개를 거부한 기업을 제외하고 비금융업에 속하는 12월 결산법인 45개 사이다. 이에 대응하는 기업으로는 지배구조우수기업과 동일 업종에 속하면서 자산규모가 비슷한 45개 상장회사를 대응표본으로 임의 선정하였다. 가설검정방법은 지배구조우수기업과 통제기업의 2002회계년도에서 2004회계년도까지의 연도별 자료와 풀링자료를 이용하여 안정성, 수익성 평균의 차이에 대한 t검정과 Wilcoxon 부호순위검정을 실시하고, 지배구조우수기업여부 더미변수를 종속변수로 삼고, 안정성, 수익성 지표에 속하는 재무비율를 독립변수로 한 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석결과 첫째, 안정성지표에서는 지배구조우수기업의 자기자본비율이 통제기업의 그것에 대하여 유의하게 높고, 유동부채비율은 지배구조우수기업이 통제기업에 대하여 유의하게 낮으므로 지배구조우수기업은 통제기업에 대하여 재무적 안정성에서 유의한 (+)의 차이를 보일 것이다라는 연구가설I은 채택된다. 둘째, 수익성지표에서는 총자산순이익률, 총자산경상이익률, 매출액영업이익률, 매출액경상이익률 등에서 지배구조우수기업집단이 통제기업집단에 비하여 유의한 (+)의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 지배구조우수기업은 통제기업에 대하여 수익성에서 유의한 (+)의 차이를 보일 것이다라는 연구가설II는 채택된다. 본 연구의 결과 지배구조우수기업이 통제기업에 대하여 재무적 건전성과 회계적 수익성이 유의하게 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다.
On the Radius of Nonsplit Graphs and Information Dissemination in\n Dynamic Networks (2019)

A nonsplit graph is a directed graph where each pair of nodes has a common\nincoming neighbor. We show that the radius of such graphs is in $O(\\log \\log\nn)$, where $n$ is the number of nodes. We then generalize the result to\nproducts of nonsplit graphs.\n The analysis of nonsplit graph products has direct implications in the\ncontext of distributed systems, where processes operate in rounds and\ncommunicate via message passing in each round: communication graphs in several\ndistributed systems naturally relate to nonsplit graphs and the graph product\nconcisely represents relaying messages in such networks. Applying our results,\nwe obtain improved bounds on the dynamic radius of such networks, i.e., the\nmaximum number of rounds until all processes have received a message from a\ncommon process, if all processes relay messages in each round. We finally\nconnect the dynamic radius to lower bounds for achieving consensus in dynamic\nnetworks.\n
Bubble Evolution and Radiation Mechanism for Laser-Induced Collapsing Bubble in Water (2004)

Bubble behavior and the radiation mechanism from a laser-induced collapsing bubble were investigated theoretically using the Keller–Miksis equation for the bubble wall motion and analytical solutions for the vapor inside the bubble. The calculated time-dependent bubble radius is in good agreement with observed ones. Also, the calculated half width and the total emission of the luminescence pulse from the vapor bubble at the collapse point agreed well with the observed value of 8 nanoseconds and 2.3 mW, respectively. The inert gas content inside the laser-induced vapor bubble was too small to produce light emission due to bremsstrahlung.
The Fe65 Adaptor Protein Interacts through Its PID1 Domain with the Transcription Factor CP2/LSF/LBP1 (1998)

The neural protein Fe65 possesses three putative protein-protein interaction domains: one WW domain and two phosphotyrosine interaction/phosphotyrosine binding domains (PID1 and PID2); the most C-terminal of these domains (PID2) interacts in vivo with the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein, whereas the WW domain binds to Mena, the mammalian homolog of Drosophila-enabled protein. By the interaction trap procedure, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a possible ligand of the N-terminal PID/PTB domain of Fe65 (PID1). Sequence analysis of this clone revealed that this ligand corresponded to the previously identified transcription factor CP2/LSF/LBP1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the interaction between Fe65 and CP2/LSF/LBP1 also takes place in vivo between the native molecules. The localization of both proteins was studied using fractionated cellular extracts. These experiments demonstrated that the various isoforms of CP2/LSF/LBP1 are differently distributed among subcellular fractions. At least one isoform, derived from alternative splicing (LSF-ID), is present outside the nucleus; Fe65 was found in both fractions. Furthermore, transfection experiments with an HA-tagged CP2/LSF/LBP1 cDNA demonstrated that Fe65 interacts also with the nuclear form of CP2/LSF/LBP1. Considering that the analysis of Fe65 distribution in fractionated cell extracts demonstrated that this protein is present both in nuclear and non-nuclear fractions, we examined the expression of Fe65 deletion mutants in the two fractions. This analysis allowed us to observe that a small region N-terminal to the WW domain is phosphorylated and is necessary for the presence of Fe65 in the nuclear fraction.
SIMPEL: Circuit model for photonic spike processing laser neurons (2015)

We propose an equivalent circuit model for photonic spike processing laser neurons with an embedded saturable absorber—a simulation model for photonic excitable lasers (SIMPEL). We show that by mapping the laser neuron rate equations into a circuit model, SPICE analysis can be used as an efficient and accurate engine for numerical calculations, capable of generalization to a variety of different types of laser neurons with saturable absorber found in literature. The development of this model parallels the Hodgkin-Huxley model of neuron biophysics, a circuit framework which brought efficiency, modularity, and generalizability to the study of neural dynamics. We employ the model to study various signal-processing effects such as excitability with excitatory and inhibitory pulses, binary all-or-nothing response, and bistable dynamics.
Neuromorphic Object Tracking Architecture, Based on Compound Eyes, and Implementation on FPGA (2018)

Recent findings in neuroscience, show that rapid changes in flight direction of a housefly/blowfly (mainly to track objects) are attributable to neural circuits distributed behind its photo-receptors. While tracking objects, using its compound eye structure, a fly is able to detect changes in the motion of the object quickly and changes its own motion accordingly. The working of these neural circuits may be modelled as a set of leaky integrate and fire neurons connected in a special manner to form a competitive feedback control. Based on this knowledge, we present a neuromorphic competitive control circuit utilizing an inference neuron model to control N actuators and analyze their outputs for tracking an object. This model was simulated in software first and then implemented on a Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A35T- ICPG236C FPGA board using Verilog. The results show an observable decoherence phenomenon between the neurons and support the working principle of the model.