gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failed Colonoscopies Referred by Community Colonoscopists for Double-balloon Enteroscopy - Successful Completion by Water Exchange Colonoscopy (2012)

Purpose: To describe the use of water exchange method for the successful cecal intubation of patients referred for prior incomplete “difficult” colonoscopy performed by community gastroenterologists. Current guidelines recommend a cecal intubation rate >90% for all and 95% for screening cases. Incomplete cases occur in up to 10-17%. Single (GIE 2010;71:1319) and double (Endoscopy 2012;44:38) balloon-assisted examinations have been reported to salvage cecal intubation in these difficult cases. Water exchange method has been proposed as an inexpensive but effective technique for improving cecal intubation rates in difficult colonoscopies (Scand J Gastro 2011;46:517, JIG 2011;1:172). Methods: From Jan 2011 to Mar 2012, 10 patients with prior failed cecal intubation were referred to the UC Davis Medical Center GI Lab for double balloon enteroscopy by community physicians. Water exchange colonoscopy was performed on these patients by a single endoscopist. At the outset, the air pump was turned off. Water was infused through the colonoscope to expand the lumen. Residual air was suctioned as the scope was advanced through the colon. Water containing fecal debris was suctioned and replaced with clean water predominantly during insertion. When the cecum was reached, the air pump was turned on and lumen fully distended to allow for optimal visualization. Patient characteristics and procedural outcomes were reviewed and tabulated retrospectively. Results: (See Table) Ten patients (F/M: 7/3), age 60.3±14.7 yrs (range 37-82) were included. Indication for procedure was surveillance (4), screening (4) and diagnostic (2). Each patient underwent successful completed colonoscopy using the water exchange method. Cecal intubation time was 16.6±8.4 (range 6-28) min. Total procedure time was 28.4±8.5 (range 19- 43) min. Eight of the procedures were completed under conscious sedation (versed, fentanyl, Demerol, Benadryl, phenergan). Two patients had sedation given by anesthesiologist using moderate conscious sedation (versed, fentanyl). One patient was given remifentanyl. Average BMI was 26.4±5.5 (range 19.2-36.3). The polyp detection rate was 60%; adenoma detection rate was 50% in these patients. There were no complications.Table: Table. Reasons for prior failed cecal intubation based on referral documentsConclusion: The results provide proof-of-principle confirmation that water exchange method is effective for completing difficult colonoscopies. Patients with risk factors for difficult colonoscopy such as female sex, low and high BMI, prior abdominal surgery, young or advanced age, unsatisfactory bowel preparation, history of irritable bowel syndrome, or poor pain tolerance should be considered for this technique when undergoing colonoscopy.
Model-Based Adaptive Control for Geometrically Constrained Manipulators (1995)

A new model-based adaptive control method for a class of robot manipulators whose end-point is moving in touch with a geometrically constraint surface is proposed. A contact force arises at the end-point of the manipulator. Therefore, the manipulator is controlled so as to track both the desired end-point trajectory given on the constraint surface and the desired contact force trajectory simultaneously.
Broad area photodynamic therapy for treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. (2006)

We report a case of a 73-year-old man with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome who was referred to us with multiple basal cell carcinomas on his face and chest. The patient underwent photodynamic therapy utilizing a 1-hour incubation of Levulan Kerastick delta-aminolevulinic acid 20% topical solution applied to the full face and illumination with a BLU-U blue light source (10 J/cm2) every 2 to 3 months for a total of 4 treatments. This treatment strategy resulted in multiple benefits, including reducing the number and size of his existing basal cell carcinomas, improving the appearance of previous surgical scars, and decreasing the rate of tumor development.
Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition Elicits Nrf2-Mediated Responses in Clara Cells: Implications for Oxidant-Induced Lung Injury (2012)

GSH-dependent enzyme systems in mtCCs may be of greater importance for protection against hyperoxic exposure than are TrxR-dependent systems. The induction of Nrf2 activation via TrxR1 inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy that attenuates oxidant-mediated lung injury. Similar expression levels of TrxR1 in newborn and adult mouse or human lungs broaden the potential clinical applicability of the present findings to both neonatal and adult oxidant lung injury.
Will Holey Handsets Get Caught 'App Napping'? (2011)

Android handset market took a battering in March when an unknown group of hackers took around 50 Android apps, infected them with the DroidDream malware, and then uploaded them online for handset users to download. DroidDream malware is capable of rooting the smartphone, harvesting data, and/or opening a backdoor on the device. The malware also attempts to record IMEI and IMSI numbers, which are used to identify mobile phones, and upload the data to an external website. The Information Security Forum (ISF) suggests that around 260,000 Android handset users were affected by the DroidDream infection. The article discusses how alert people are to the security dangers of the smartphone app.
Video Quality Protection Strategies for HDTV in the Presence of Buffer Overflow (2009)

We investigate the impact of Forward Error Correction (FEC) and retransmissions on the video quality of packetized HDTV video flows with possible buffer overflow at the ingress node of the video network. The use of protection is a mixed blessing. On the one hand, it increases the packet rate associated with each video flow (due to overhead), which results in a higher buffer overflow probability. On the other hand, protection allows for the recovery of lost packets, which alleviates the problem of buffer overflow. It turns out that the overall impact of FEC and retransmission is very beneficial for the video quality. Moreover, retransmissions clearly outperform FEC, and can ensure HDTV video quality up to loads at the ingress node close to one.
Acetylcholinesterase of the sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli): construction, expression and biochemical properties of the G119S orthologous mutant (2014)

Phlebotomus papatasi vectors zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Previous expression of recombinant P. papatasi acetylcholinesterase (PpAChE1) revealed 85% amino acid sequence identity to mosquito AChE and identified synthetic carbamates that effectively inhibited PpAChE1 with improved specificity for arthropod AChEs compared to mammalian AChEs. We hypothesized that the G119S mutation causing high level resistance to organophosphate insecticides in mosquitoes may occur in PpAChE1 and may reduce sensitivity to inhibition. We report construction, expression, and biochemical properties of rPpAChE1 containing the G119S orthologous mutation. Targeted mutagenesis introduced the G119S orthologous substitution in PpAChE1 cDNA. Recombinant PpAChE1 enzymes containing or lacking the G119S mutation were expressed in the baculoviral system. Biochemical assays were conducted to determine altered catalytic properties and inhibitor sensitivity resulting from the G119S substitution. A molecular homology model was constructed to examine the modeled structural interference with docking of inhibitors of different classes. Genetic tests were conducted to determine if the G119S orthologous codon existed in polymorphic form in a laboratory colony of P. papatasi. Recombinant PpAChE1 containing the G119S substitution exhibited altered biochemical properties, and reduced inhibition by compounds that bind to the acylation site on the enzyme (with the exception of eserine). Less resistance was directed against bivalent or peripheral site inhibitors, in good agreement with modeled inhibitor docking. Eserine appeared to be a special case capable of inhibition in the absence of covalent binding at the acylation site. Genetic tests did not detect the G119S mutation in a laboratory colony of P. papatasi but did reveal that the G119S codon existed in polymorphic form (GGA + GGC). The finding of G119S codon polymorphism in a laboratory colony of P. papatasi suggests that a single nucleotide transversion (GGC → AGC) may readily occur, causing rapid development of resistance to organophosphate and phenyl-substituted carbamate insecticides under strong selection. Careful management of pesticide use in IPM programs is important to prevent or mitigate development and fixation of the G119S mutation in susceptible pest populations. Availability of recombinant AChEs enables identification of novel inhibitory ligands with improved efficacy and specificity for AChEs of arthropod pests.
Disrupting Acetyl-Lysine Recognition: Progress in the Development of Bromodomain Inhibitors (2015)

Bromodomains, small protein modules that recognize acetylated lysine on histones, play a significant role in the epigenome, where they function as "readers" that ultimately determine the functional outcome of the post-translational modification. Because the initial discovery of selective BET inhibitors have helped define the role of that protein family in oncology and inflammation, BET bromodomains have continued to garner the most attention of any other bromodomain. More recently, non-BET bromodomain inhibitors that are potent and selective have been disclosed for ATAD2, CBP, BRD7/9, BRPF, BRPF/TRIM24, CECR2, SMARCA4, and BAZ2A/B. Such novel inhibitors can be used to probe the physiological function of these non-BET bromodomains and further understanding of their role in certain disease states. Here, we provide an update to the progress in identifying selective bromodomain inhibitors and their use as biological tools, as well as our perspective on the field.
Dual Differential Interferometer for Measurements of Broadband Surface Acoustic Waves (1981)

A simple duel interferometer which uses two pairs of orthogonally polarized optical beams to measure both the amplitude and direction of propagation of broadband ultrasonic surface waves is described. Each pair of focused laser probe beams is used in a separate wideband differential interferometer to independently detect the component of surface wave motion along one direction on the surface. By combining the two output signals corresponding to both components, the two dimensional surface profile and its variation as a function of time is determined.
Masking effect of heat dissipation on the current-voltage characteristics of a mesoscopic superconducting sample with leads (2005)

A theoretical analysis based on a numerical solution of the coupled time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau and heat dissipation equations shows a strong dependence of the critical currents on the applied magnetic field in a mesoscopic square with attached contacts. In agreement with experiment we found hysteresis which are caused by a strong heat dissipation in the sample at currents close to the depairing Ginzburg-Landau current and/or the dynamics of the superconducting condensate. The theoretically obtained nonmonotonous dependence of the switching current (from superconducting to the resistive state) on the applied magnetic field, arising from the changes in the vorticity, agrees quantitatively with the experimental data. Our results show that heat dissipation leads to an increase of the hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristic and hence masks the actual dynamics of the superconducting condensate.
New MCP reflection x-ray-sensitive film of variable density halide (2002)

Microchannel plate (MCP) is a device of two-dimension array electron multiplier. The detection ability to 40 - 60 KeV X-ray for MCP was increased by coating the halide such as CsI, CsBr and KBr on input plate of MCP, that forming a reflection X-ray sensitive film in the channel with depth of 2 - 3 times of diameter below the input plate. Experiment results show that the output response of MCP with variable density structure CsI to X-ray is about 5 - 6 times higher than that with constant density structure, and of one order of magnitude stronger than that without coating the film. Comparatively, the output response of MCP with CsI sensing film is best, CsBr medium and KBr bad. The response characteristics of MCP with CsI to X-ray related to film materials, structure, component distribution and process. Several experiment curves denoted the response characteristics to X-ray at different target voltage and current. The results basically accorded with the theory about quantum detection efficiency of reflection X-ray cathode. This new MCP reflection X-ray sensitive film of variable density halide has been successfully applied in X-ray imaging detecting devices. The corresponding detection system will find widely and potential applications in the field of medical diagnosis, nondestructive evaluation and security inspection, etc.
On the Stimulation Frequency in SSVEP-based Image Quality Assessment (2018)

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) are brain responses elicited by periodic visual stimuli. Recently it was shown that the use of SSVEP in quality studies allows for accurate psychophysiological assessment of perceived visual quality, but the influence of the stimulation frequency is still unclear. This paper studies experimentally the relation between the SNR of the neural signal and the stimulation frequency in an psychophysiological quality assessment setup. For various source images tested at different distortion magnitudes over the range of 6 different stimulation frequencies, we show physiologically plausible results that provide insights into the temporal dynamics of neural distortion processing. Our findings inform a rational choice of stimulation frequency in SSVEP-based image quality assessment studies. This potentially improves the experimental setup of future image quality assessment studies exploiting the SSVEP paradigm.
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence detection from colon tissue using flexible bundle-fiber optics (2022)

Near-Infrared (NIR) imaging of the fluorophore Indocyanine Green (ICG) is only provided clinically via rigid surgical scopes. NIR-ICG using Artificial Intelligence Methods (AIM) has been demonstrated for the real-time classification of rectal cancer [1], but more proximal intestinal applications need a capable flexible NIR endoscope, which is challenging due to the weak quantum yield of ICG and bidirectional energy attenuation over distance. We developed a 2m long, 6.4mm diameter flexible Y-bundled fiberoptic prototype that transmits excitation light (785nm) via a single fiber and collects emitted ICG fluorescence (800-850nm) via multimode fibers. Emission signals from an ICG with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution (7.5&mu;M) excited by an 60mW source and isolated using an 840nm bandpass filter were detectable, with significant signal noise from both sample and bundle tip lens reflections needing further refinement. ICG with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) depots in bovine-colon mimicking colorectal polyps exhibited reduced reflection while optimizing ICG concentration (determined empirically by comparing fluorescence intensities of incremental concentrations versus surgical use recommendation (4.6&mu;M)) augmented emission signal strength. Additionally, a long-pass filter (800nm) at the collection tip further cleaned reflections, although the distal excitation lens performance needs further design consideration. Source power intensity, NIR-exposure time and tip-target distance were also proven significant parameters with likely considerable clinical relevance. Initial development of a novel flexible NIR imaging device capable of carrying raw NIR energy for AIM algorithmic calculations has proven feasible although challenges remain regarding signal cleaning/augmentation as well as computerized image construction.
Effects of two-photon absorption in saturable Bragg reflectors in femtosecond solid-state lasers (2005)

We analyzed the effect of two-photon absorption (TPA) on distributed Bragg reflectors and applied our results to the study of saturable Bragg reflectors in mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser. We showed that in agreement with experimental results, TPA is greatly reduced compared to bulk materials. Hence, Bragg reflectors can be successfully used in a variety of low-loss laser components. c ©1997 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (320.7110) Ultrafast nonlinear optics; (190.5970) Semiconductor nonlinear optics including MQW
Wet Etching of Amorphous TiO2 Thin Films Using H3PO4–H2O2 Aqueous Solution (2013)

We report on the wet etching of amorphous undoped and Nb-doped TiO 2 thin films using H 3 PO 4 –H 2 O 2 etching solution. The etching rate ( R ) showed a maximum at a H 3 PO 4 concentration of approximately 50 wt % at 80 °C, suggesting that H 2 PO 4 - and/or H 3 O + is responsible for the etching reaction. The addition of H 2 O 2 to H 3 PO 4 solution significantly enhanced R , and an optimized solution exhibited an R of 13 nm/min at 80 °C, which is one order of magnitude higher than that using H 2 SO 4 . These results demonstrate that H 3 PO 4 –H 2 O 2 aqueous solution is an effective etchant for TiO 2 -based amorphous thin films.
FTIR spectra of photolytic reactions on cyanic acid with molecular fluorine in solid argon (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFTIR spectra of photolytic reactions on cyanic acid with molecular fluorine in solid argonRodney D. Hunt and Lester AndrewsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 18, 3051–3054Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00265a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00265a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperalgesia in a human model of acute inflammatory pain: a methodological study (1998)

The aim of the study was to examine reproducibility of primary and secondary hyperalgesia in a psychophysical model of human inflammatory pain. Mild burns were produced on the crura of 12 volunteers with a 50 x 25 mm thermode (47 degrees C, 7 min). Assessments of (i) cold and warm detection thresholds, (ii) mechanical and heat pain thresholds, (iii) pain to heat (43 degrees C and 45 degrees C, 5 s), (iv) secondary hyperalgesia, and (v) skin erythema were made 1.75 and 0.5 h before, and 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after a burn injury. Sensory thresholds and hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimuli were examined by contact thermodes and von Frey hairs, and pain intensity was rated with a visual analog scale (0-100). To describe between-day reproducibility, the subjects were examined three times at intervals of 21 days. Within-day comparisons showed that a 20% change could be detected as significant for all variables with fewer than 12 subjects in a cross-over design (2alpha = 5% and power = 80%). Between-day comparisons demanded up to 25 subjects to detect changes of the same magnitude. The burns caused mild to moderate pain (VAS: mean 29, SD 14) and the subjects (all right-handed) were more sensitive to heat pain on their left side (P < 0.03). Hyperalgesia was induced instantaneously by the burn and outlasted the study period (6 h). However, no spontaneous pain was observed after the injury, and a brief period of hypoesthesia to warm and cold stimuli was induced by the burn. The painful measurements themselves evoked hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimuli on the arm, but only to mechanical stimuli on the legs. including secondary hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia evoked by the measurements was significantly less intense than that induced by injury. Habituation to the painful stimuli was demonstrated by significantly higher pain thresholds and lower pain responses on the second and third day of the study. The burn model is a sensitive psychophysical model of acute inflammatory pain, when cross-over designs and within-day comparisons are used, and the model is suitable for double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of analgesics. In similar models, we recommend that analgesic and placebo are evenly divided between right and left sides and study days.
Activation of rat macrophages by Betafectin PGG-glucan requires cross-linking of membrane receptors distinct from complement receptor three (CR3) (1998)

PGG-glucan (Betafectin) is a soluble, highly purified yeast (1,3)-beta-glucan with broad anti-infective and immunomodulatory activities. These studies evaluated the ability of PGG-glucan to directly elicit O2- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by rat leukocytes in vitro. Particulate beta-glucan stimulated O2- production by the rat NR8383 alveolar macrophage cell line and resident rat peritoneal macrophages, but soluble PGG-glucan did not. In contrast, presentation of PGG-glucan to cells after covalent immobilization to a plastic surface caused a direct stimulation of O2- and TNF-alpha production. The O2- response of rat leukocytes to immobilized PGG-glucan was inhibited by soluble PGG-glucan, indicating that cellular responses to both immobilized and soluble PGG-glucan occur via common cell surface receptors. Because complement receptor type three (CR3) has been proposed as a beta-glucan receptor on human leukocytes, NR8383 cells were evaluated for the presence of CR3. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis showed that despite being responsive to both particulate and immobilized beta-glucans, NR8383 cells expressed no detectable CR3. These results indicate that the beta-glucan receptors on NR8383 cells are not CR3 and suggest that physical presentation plays an important role in inducing pro-inflammatory leukocyte responses to PGG-glucan.
Far-field nonlinear optical absorption in AgO x superresolution near-field structure (2001)

Nonlinear optical properties of cover glass/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>(130nm)/AgO<SUB>x</SUB>(15nm)/ZnS- SiO<SUB>2</SUB>(40nm) is studied by using a focused continuous-wave (CW) He-Ne laser ((lambda) equals632.8 nm) and a pulse laser ((lambda) equals532 nm, pulse width 0.7 ns, repetition rate 15.79 kHz) with a confocal Z-scan system. The transmission confocal Z-scan shows that the sample undergoes a phase transition at different incident intensities when the light source is changed. High reflectance happens at the focusing on AgOx film. The phase transition of the sample at higher incident laser power is due to silver oxide dissociating by the laser heating process.