gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation Inhibition by Diphenylamine (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation Inhibition by DiphenylamineJ. R. Thomas and C. A. TolmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 15, 2930–2935Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00874a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00874a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Children (1995)

Introduction HISTORY Immunologists have been aware of the existence of protective humoral substances in the serum of patients after an infectious episode for a long time. Serum harvested from large animals after their immunization with specific pathogens was injected into humans for the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections. The concept of immunoglobulin (also called gamma globulin) therapy originated from these early experiments. Subsequently, Paul Ehrlich produced antitoxin to diphtheria in 1897. To avoid complications such as serum sickness with the use of animal serums, attempts were made to concentrate the antibody-containing fractions of human serum. In 1936, placental immunoglobulin samples were used for prophylaxis of measles. In 1952, Bruton recognized that an 8-year-old child who had serious recurrent infections despite conventional therapy was incapable of making significant quantities of immunoglobulin. This was the first time primary immunodeficiency was diagnosed and treated successfully with intramuscular immunoglobulin. Since then, and until 1981, intramuscular gamma globulin or, alternatively, fresh frozen plasma has been the mainstay of treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia and other primary immune deficiencies. In 1981, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) became available commercially in the United States. The advantages of IVIG over intramuscular gamma globulin are: 1) administration is relatively painless; 2) higher doses can be given, resulting in rapid achievement of therapeutic levels, because volume is not a limitation: 3) its absorption is good: 4) it does not undergo local degradation during infusion; and 5) it does not aggregate and activate complement.
Status of ILU-14 electron accelerator (2010)

A new high power (up to 100 kW) industrial linear electron accelerator ILU-14 for energy of 7.5–10 MeV is under construction at Budker INP. The accelerator operates at 176 MHz with total efficiency of 26 %, its modular structure allows the electron energy and beam current to be varied within certain limits by changing the modular arrangement. The 5 MeV prototype of the accelerator was created and successfully tested in 2009. The designed average beam current of 600 mA with pulsed power of 2.5 MW and accelerating structure electron efficiency of 68 % were obtained during experiments. Applying an additional RF voltage to the electron gun cathode-grid gap allowed a beam current passing of 96 % with minor beam energy spread. The paper presents results of the numerical and experimental study of the accelerator systems together with the latest tests on the accelerator prototype.
Supplemental Figure S2 from MUC1-C Induces the LIN28B→LET-7→HMGA2 Axis to Regulate Self-Renewal in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S2. MCF-7/MUC1-C cells were co-transfected with Lin28B-P1-Luc and SV-40-Renilla-Luc plasmids. At 48 h following transfection, cells were left untreated (Control), treated with DMSO as vehicle control, or treated with 5 ÃŽÂ¼M BAY11-7085 for an additional 12 h. Results are expressed as relative luciferase activity (mean{plus minus}SD of three determinations) as compared to that obtained for the control untreated cells (assigned a value of 1).&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental and analytical properties of 0.2 micron wide, multi-layer, GMR, memory elements (1996)

Memory elements 0.2 microns wide made from multilayer GMR material have been studied experimentally and analytically. When etched into narrow elements, the 12 to 15% material exhibits a memory mode with large outputs of /spl plusmn/8%. Analysis shows that the mode is suitable for multi-megabit die with high performance if yield can be achieved.
Avoiding the Reject after Editorial Review for X and Characterization [Where X = Synthesis, Preparation, or Fabrication] (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEViewpointNEXTAvoiding the Reject after Editorial Review for X and Characterization [Where X = Synthesis, Preparation, or Fabrication]John T. Fourkas, Senior Editor*View Author Information Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (301) 405-7996.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 46, 8745Publication Date (Web):November 22, 2017Publication History Published online22 November 2017Published inissue 22 November 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11005https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11005editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2127Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (179 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Materials,Physical chemistry Get e-Alerts
Spreading, coherence, fading, and noise in shallow-water channels (1997)

During U.S. Navy undersea acoustic telemetry and ranging (telesonar) engineering tests, probe signals in the 8- to 16-kHz octave will be observed at various ranges and at various locales. Doppler spread and multipath spread will be measured for these waveforms as a function of time. In addition, simultaneous transmission of tonals will allow measurement of the correlation between fades at different frequencies, and hence the coherence bandwidth. Finally, ambient noise will be analyzed for insight into noise statistics and noise nonstationarity. The above information supports signal and receiver design by providing measured, as opposed to theoretical, channel characteristics. These data will also broaden the understanding of geographic and seasonal variabilty of undersea shallow-water channels. This paper describes procedures for extracting these channel statistics from recorded telesonar data. [Work supported by ONR-321.]
Imaging flaws in thin multilayered metal sheets using an array of guided mode transducers (2004)

In a multilayered elastic structure, acoustic energy can be focused into a particular layer by identifying a suitable guided wave mode. Once this guided mode is identified, low profile surface mounted interdigital transducers can be designed to excite preferentially this mode in the multilayered elastic structure. This has led to the development of a novel eight-channel linear array based on guided mode interdigital transducers. The array has been used to generate data for a time domain reconstruction algorithm. Resulting images reveal 1–2-mm length cracks in the center layer of a 300-μm-thick composite steel plate.
Simple compact Fizeau wavemeter (1986)

A relatively simple, inexpensive, and compact Fizeau wavemeter is described that provides an accuracy of better than 1 part in 106 across the visible spectrum. The design is a variant of that initially proposed by Gardner and employs a novel geometry to eliminate wavelength measurement errors due to changes in wave front curvature.
Distal leg epidermal nerve fiber density as a surrogate marker of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy risk: risk factors and change following initial antiretroviral therapy (2015)

Distal leg epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of HIV sensory neuropathy (SN) risk. We assessed how ENFD is impacted by initiation of first-time antiretroviral therapy (ART) in subjects free of neuropathy and how it is altered when mitochondrial toxic nucleoside medications are used as part of ART. Serial changes in proximal thigh and distal leg ENFD were examined over 72 weeks in 150 Thai subjects randomized to a regimen of stavudine (d4T) switching to zidovudine (ZDV) at 24 weeks vs ZDV vs tenofovir (TDF) for the entire duration of study, all given in combination with nevirapine. We found individual variations in ENFD change, with almost equal number of subjects who decreased or increased their distal leg ENFD over 72 weeks and no relationship to nucleoside backbone or to development of neuropathic signs or symptoms. Lower baseline distal leg ENFD and greater increases in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI) activity were associated with larger increases in distal leg ENFD over 72 weeks. Distal leg ENFD correlated with body composition parameters (body surface area, body mass index, height) as well as with blood pressure measurements. Assessed together with a companion cross-sectional study, we found that mean distal leg ENFD in all HIV+ subjects was lower than in HIV- subjects but similar among HIV+ groups whether ART-naïve or on d4T with/without neuropathy/neuropathic symptoms. The utility of ENFD as a useful predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fiber damage and neuropathy risk in HIV may be limited in certain populations.
The Treatment of Psoriasis (1963)

PSORIASIS is a familial disease of the skin characterized clinically by an increased production of abnormal scales, resulting from a marked hyperplasia of immature epidermal cells.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Further evidence of the rapid rate of cell division is the elevated serum uric acid level and the large uric acid pool, reflecting the increased turnover of nucleic acids.Biochemical studies have revealed the incomplete removal of these acids, soluble proteins and other constituents that are normally degraded during keratinization.Psoriasis is a common condition, occurring in one to two per cent of the population. The average age of onset is in the second . . .
The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de‐risk trial programmes of novel agents (2023)

Despite considerable progress in pharmacotherapy over the past seven decades, many mental disorders remain insufficiently treated. This situation is in part due to the limited knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the lack of biological markers to stratify and individualize patient selection, but also to a still restricted number of mechanisms of action being targeted in monotherapy or combination/augmentation treatment, as well as to a variety of challenges threatening the successful development and testing of new drugs. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the most promising drugs with innovative mechanisms of action that are undergoing phase 2 or 3 testing for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety and trauma-related disorders, substance use disorders, and dementia. Promising repurposing of established medications for new psychiatric indications, as well as variations in the modulation of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptor functioning, are also considered. We then critically discuss the clinical trial parameters that need to be considered in depth when developing and testing new pharmacological agents for the treatment of mental disorders. Hurdles and perils threatening success of new drug development and testing include inadequacy and imprecision of inclusion/exclusion criteria and ratings, sub-optimally suited clinical trial participants, multiple factors contributing to a large/increasing placebo effect, and problems with statistical analyses. This information should be considered in order to de-risk trial programmes of novel agents or known agents for novel psychiatric indications, increasing their chances of success.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodocyclization Studies on Unsaturated α‐Hydroxy Esters. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
L2 output, reformulation and noticing: Implications for IL development (2003)

This study is a replication and extension of Swain and Lapkin's (in press) study of the developmental effects of learners noticing differences between their own and native speaker output. In their study, task repetition, noticing and participation in stimulated recalls were all factors that might have contributed to more targetlike usage in subsequent output. The current study separated the effects of each of these factors. Fifty-six L2 Spanish learners were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) Task repetition (participants repeated the tasks without additional treatment); (2) Noticing (participants repeated the task and compared their original output to NS reformulation); and (3) Noticing + SR (same as Noticing group with the addition of a stimulated recall session). Reformulations were traced throughout the learners’ output. Analysis of the data indicates that learners noticed differences between their own essays and the reformulated writing, and that there were quantitative differences in the output of participants from different treatment groups, with learners who participated in both noticing and stimulated recall incorporating significantly more targetlike forms in the post-treatment output than learners from the other groups.
Press-Fit Condylar Design Total Knee Arthroplasty (2007)

Background: The Press-Fit Condylar total knee arthroplasty implant design has been used by many orthopaedic surgeons over the last twenty years. The design has survived with relatively minor modifications and remains a popular implant system today. The present study represents the fourteen to seventeen-year results for our patients who were described in our previous report on the eight to ten-year results. Methods: The senior author performed 160 consecutive total knee arthroplasties with use of the Press-Fit Condylar cruciate-retaining device in 134 patients between 1986 and 1989. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index procedure was 70.5 years. Follow-up data were available for sixty-three of sixty-four surviving knees. Surviving patients were followed for a mean of 15.8 years. The knees were evaluated on the basis of Knee Society function and clinical scores, radiographs, and survivorship analysis. Results: The mean Knee Society function score was 65, and the mean clinical score was 89. The overall survival rate of the knee was 91.5% with revision for any reason as the end point and 97.2% with aseptic loosening as the end point. The rate of revision of the tibial insert because of wear-related aseptic loosening was 2.5%. We found no relationship between revision and the shelf life or method of sterilization of the polyethylene insert. Radiolucent lines were present in 62% (twenty-one) of thirty-four knees; all radiolucent lines were nonprogressive. None of the implants were loose according to the criteria of the Knee Society. Conclusions: This long-term analysis indicates that the Press-Fit Condylar total knee implant is a successful implant system with excellent longevity. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray (2010)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/13196/thumbnail.jpg
COVID‐19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, a novel coronavirus from the same family as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents flu-like symptoms which can become serious in high-risk individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID-19. We carried out a systematic literature search using the main online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase and Web of Science) with the following keywords: 'COVID-19', '2019-nCoV', 'coronavirus' and 'SARS-CoV-2'. We included publications from 1 January 2019 to 3 April 2020 which focused on clinical features and treatments. We found that infection is transmitted from human to human and through contact with contaminated environmental surfaces. Hand hygiene is fundamental to prevent contamination. Wearing personal protective equipment is recommended in specific environments. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, fatigue, slight dyspnoea, sore throat, headache, conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal issues. Real-time PCR is used as a diagnostic tool using nasal swab, tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Computed tomography findings are important for both diagnosis and follow-up. To date, there is no evidence of any effective treatment for COVID-19. The main therapies being used to treat the disease are antiviral drugs, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and respiratory therapy. In conclusion, although many therapies have been proposed, quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate. Specifically designed randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the most appropriate evidence-based treatment modality.
Studies on cell communication with enucleated human fibroblasts. (1976)

Metabolic cooperation, the correction of the mutant phenotype in cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT-) by intimate contact with normal cells (HPRT+), represents a form of cell communication that is easily studied with radioautography. In the present study it was found that the formation of cell junctions needed for communication does not require protein synthesis nor is it under the immediate control of the cell nucleus. Enucleated normal cells efficiently communicate with HPRT- mutant cells. The effectiveness of enucleated cells as donors in metabolic cooperation provides evidence that it is the transfer of small molecules, nucleotide, or nucleotide derivatives that is responsible for correction of the mutant phenotype. Karyoplasts (nuclei with small amounts of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane) are unable to efficiently communicate with intact cells. The utilization of [3H]hypoxanthine by communicating mixtures of HPRT+ and HPRT- human cells is not significantly different than in the normal cells alone. Metabolic cooperation, as studied involves a redistribution of purine-containing compounds among communicating cells.
Using adaptive routing to compensate for performance heterogeneity (2009)

Scalable and power efficient multi-core architectures must be performance heterogeneous to accommodate semi-conductor parametric variations and non-uniform access to shared resources. Due to its rate matching, a NoC on a Voltage-Frequency Island architecture can connect cores without forcing each one to give up its own operating point for the chip-wide common worst case. With run-time adaptive routing and task-to-core mapping, a NoC can run at the average not the worst case network saturation bandwidth. These run-time processes compensate for variations because they match application resource requirements with heterogeneous cores and routers. We focus on adaptive routing that simultaneously combats communication load imbalance from on-die variations and application topology. We show that even with static, fixed task-to-core mapping on multi-core architectures affected by stochastic variations, our MATC router increases the expected saturation bandwidth by 7-25% vs Dimension Order router. With systematic variations, the improvements are 5-50%. These gains compensate for saturation bandwidth degradation due to manufacturing variations and help to reduce design guard-bands.
Effects of vocal fold asymmetry on pressure wave fluctuations in a mechanical model (2010)

In this paper, we numerically simulate speech production on the basis of vocal fold (VF) models with geometrical (effective VF vibrational depth, glottal half gap and VF thickness) or mechanical (Young’s modulus, density and viscosity) asymmetries as a pathological VF model, and consider the effects of the asymmetries on the speech production process. The simulation shows asymmetric vibrations with a phase difference between the left and right VFs and fluctuations in the pressure wave within the larynx. To investigate the relationship between the fluctuations and VF asymmetry, we quantitatively estimate the fundamental frequency, amplitude and waveform fluctuations in the pressure wave by varying the asymmetry. For most cases, increasing the VF asymmetry increases the fluctuations. The fluctuations obtained from the simulation for symmetric models are in rough agreement with those of actual speech signals. However, with increasing asymmetry, the fluctuations exceed the range for actual speech data. This result suggests that the degree of VF asymmetry can be evaluated by estimating fluctuations in speech waves.