gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum p97 levels as an aid to identifying Alzheimer's disease (2001)

Background: The application of formal clinical diagnostic criteria for the identification of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has improved diagnostic sensitivity. However, there remains a need for non-invasive biological markers and laboratory tests, which can facilitate case identification, and the assessment of treatment response. The p97 protein is a secreted protein specifically expressed by amyloid plaque associated reactive microglia that may have AD diagnostic ability. Methods: A quantitative radioimmunoassay was developed to measure serum p97. This study, under a double blind protocol, evaluated the utility of serum p97 as diagnostic test for AD. All subjects were referred to the UBC Clinic for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (CADRD) for clinical assessment of dementia. A serum p97 sample was obtained at the time of assessment but diagnosis of disease was determined independently of p97 examination. Results: "Possible" and "probable" AD cases (n = 41) and cognitively normal controls (n = 64) showed a highly significant difference in mean p97 concentration (41 vs. 20 ng/ml, p<0.001). There was some overlap in p97 distributions between AD cases and control subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operator curve (ROC) was 0.812. Conclusions: These results further support the specificity of high serum p97 levels in AD and its potential utility as a biological marker in AD. The reproducible elevation of serum p97 in AD underlines the need to further determine its role as a biological marker and diagnostic adjunct for AD.
Flame Stability of Premixed Syngas-Air Flames Emitted From a Multi-Tube Fuel Injector (2015)

Multi-tube injectors have been emerging as a component that has potential to mitigate flame stability (flashback and blowout) and emission issues (NOx) associated with quick-start and fuel-flexible operations in lean premixed applications. Although several designs currently exist in literature, there currently does not exist a large source of information on the design parameters and exact dimensional configurations for these existing injectors. One cause of this may be due to the proprietary nature of this component. Furthermore, most multiport injector designs involve complex tubing and typically significant pressure drops across the exit face. In the present study a fuel injector component was designed keeping in mind simple injector geometry, possible operability limits of the flame, and turbulence intensity expected at the exit of the injector. This work presents the final design and the flame stability results from a multi-tube fuel-air injector. The injector operates on simulated syngas mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide including 20–80, 30–70, and 40–60% representing the variation in the hydrogen found in syngas mixtures. Tests were completed for lean conditions ranging from equivalence ratios between 0.6 and 0.9. The experimental results showed that for the current injector design at an equivalence ratio of 0.6 a stable flame was not achieved for any of the fuel mixtures tested. It was also observed that the stability region of the syngas flame increased as equivalence ratios above 0.7 and the hydrogen concentration in syngas fuel increases with the 40–60% hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixture demonstrating the greatest stability region which can accommodate more than three times the stability range of other conditions. Results from this study may benefit others who are currently designing such fuel injectors for lean premixed combustion applications.
Balanced Distributed Memory Parallel Computers (1993)

Mismatches between on-chip high performance CPU and data access times is the basic reason for the increasing gap between peak and sustained performance in distributed memory parallel computers. We propose the concept of balanced architectures, based on a network with a dynamic topology and communication patterns determined at compile time. The corresponding processing element is a cacheless CPU, which can achieve a 1 FLOP/clock cycle rate. Network and PE features are presented. An example shows that balanced architectures keep efficiency when scaling.
The Future of Colon Cancer Prevention (2001)

Chemoprevention science is in flux owing to rapid advances in postgenomic technology. We have witnessed enormous advances in the areas of early detection and molecular profiling of colorectal carcinogenesis; however, unique interpretive and technologic challenges persist. Neoplastic hallmarks must be iteratively tested and validated as markers of risk, targets for intervention, and/or markers of response in order to expedite the development of preventive interventions. In this review, we highlight several of the technologies that are revolutionizing our understanding of carcinogenesis and our approach to colorectal cancer prevention.
GaAs based long-wavelength microring resonator optical switches utilising bias assisted carrier-injection induced refractive index change (2012)

We propose and analyse a GaAs-based optical switch having a ring resonator configuration which can switch optical telecommunication signals over the 1300 nm and 1500 nm bands, using bias assisted carrier injection as the switching mechanism. The switching is achieved through variation in the refractive index of the ring resonator produced by changing the injected carrier density through the application of bias voltage. Detail analysis of the switching characteristics reveals that the amount of switching depends on the refractive index change, which indeed is a strong function of injected carrier density and applied bias voltage. An isolation of 25 dB can be achieved during the ON state, while more than 40 dB isolation is realised during the OFF state. More importantly, our analysis shows that the proposed GaAs-based switch can operate over the 1300 nm and 1500 nm optical telecommunication bands, that are much farther from the bandgap of the GaAs material, without the need for "conventional" Indium based ternary and quaternary semiconductor materials. It therefore extends the usable wavelength of GaAs based optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, we have presented detail calculations to quantify power-delay metric of the proposed device. The proposed optical switch maintains a smaller footprint as when compared to Mach-Zehnder Interferometer or Directional Coupler based switches therefore, making it suitable for large scale integration and implementing next generation optical interconnects, optical communication and computing.
Interactions of Bismuth Complexes with Metallothionein(II) (1999)

Bismuth complexes are widely used as anti-ulcer drugs and can significantly reduce the side effects of platinum anti-cancer drugs. Bismuth is known to induce the synthesis of metallothionein (MT) in the kidney, but there are few chemical studies on the interactions of bismuth complexes with metallothionein. Here we show that Bi(3+) binds strongly to metallothionein with a stoichiometry bismuth:MT = 7:1 (Bi(7)MT) and can readily displace Zn(2+) and Cd(2+). Bismuth is still bound to the protein even in strongly acidic solutions (pH 1). Reactions of bismuth citrate with MT are faster than those of [Bi(EDTA)](-), and both exhibit biphasic kinetics. (1)H NMR data show that Zn(2+) is displaced faster than Cd(2+), and that both Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) in the beta-domain (three metal cluster) of MT are displaced by Bi(3+) much faster than from the alpha-domain (four metal cluster). The extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectrum of Bi(7)MT is very similar to that for the glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine complexes [Bi(GS)(3)] and [Bi(NAC)(3)] with an inner coordination sphere of three sulfur atoms and average Bi-S distances of 2.55 A. Some sites appear to contain additional short Bi-O bonds of 2.2 A and longer Bi-S bonds of 3.1 A. The Bi(3+) sites in Bi(7)MT are therefore highly distorted in comparison with those of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+).
Social choice (2013)

In this chapter we present a model of social choice, which studies how a group of individuals makes a collective choice from among a set of alternatives. The model assumes that each individual in the group holds a preference relation over a given set of alternatives, and the problem is how to aggregate these preferences to one preference relation that is supposed to represent the preference of the group. A function that maps each vector of preference relations to a single preference relation is called a social welfare function. The main result on this topic is Arrow's Impossibility Theorem, which states that every social welfare function that satisfies two properties, unanimity and independence of irrelevant alternatives, is dictatorial.
A FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF TESTS FOR NORMALITY (1930)

A FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF TESTS FOR NORMALITY Get access E. S. PEARSON, D.Sc. E. S. PEARSON, D.Sc. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 22, Issue 1-2, July 1930, Pages 239–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/22.1-2.239 Published: 01 July 1930
A Solution-Processed Organic Thin-Film Transistor Backplane for Flexible Multiphoton Emission Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays (2015)

An active matrix backplane based on solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) has been developed for flexible displays having multiphoton organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The OTFT device has a bottom-gate/bottom-contact type structure consisting of a polyethylene naphthalate-based flexible substrate covered with patterned gate electrodes and a gate dielectric of UV-cured cardo-polymer. Teflon AF was used for a hydrophobic bank structure that defines active regions of the OTFTs, and the organic semiconductor was coated by solution shearing. The OTFT backplane fabricated here had <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$384 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels at a resolution of 300 dpi; images and video were successfully displayed on the resulting flexible multiphoton-emission OLED display.
Active, passive and transpassive dissolution of a nickel base super alloy in concentrated acid mixture solution (1995)

Abstract The electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of a nickel base super alloy (C‐263) has been investigated in the deaerated binary and ternary solution mixture of concentrated phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid or water using potentiostatic technique at 35°C. The possibilities of electropolishing of this alloy in these solution mixtures have been also explored. The alloy showed distinct active, passive and transpassive behaviour in the experimental solutions. The alloy remained active and turned passive in the negative potential region. Transpassive dissolution of the alloy is observed and electropolishing is achieved in this region. The best electropolishing is obtained in 50% H 3 PO 4 + 40% CH 3 COOH + 10% H 2 SO 4 . Higher content of water in the electrolytic solution is not useful for electropolishing of the alloy The experimental results also suggest that a current plateau in the transpassive potential region is not a sufficient condition to achieve electropolishing.
Elongation Factor Tu and Heat Shock Protein 70 Are Membrane-Associated Proteins from Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Capable of Inducing Strong Immune Response in Mice (2016)

Chronic non-progressive pneumonia, a disease that has become a worldwide epidemic has caused considerable loss to sheep industry. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is the causative agent of interstitial pneumonia in sheep, goat and bighorn. We here have identified by immunogold and immunoblotting that elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) are membrane-associated proteins on M. ovipneumonaiea. We have evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo by immunizing BALB/c mice with both purified recombinant proteins rEF-Tu and rHSP70. The sera of both rEF-Tu and rHSP70 treated BALB/c mice demonstrated increased levels of IgG, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12(p70), IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. In addition, ELISPOT assay showed significant increase in IFN-γ+ secreting lymphocytes in the rHSP70 group when compared to other groups. Collectively our study reveals that rHSP70 induces a significantly better cellular immune response in mice, and may act as a Th1 cytokine-like adjuvant in immune response induction. Finally, growth inhibition test (GIT) of M. ovipneumoniae strain Y98 showed that sera from rHSP70 or rEF-Tu-immunized mice inhibited in vitro growth of M. ovipneumoniae. Our data strongly suggest that EF-Tu and HSP70 of M. ovipneumoniae are membrane-associated proteins capable of inducing antibody production, and cytokine secretion. Therefore, these two proteins may be potential candidates for vaccine development against M. ovipneumoniae infection in sheep.
Reactivity of 2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrothiophene towards sodium thiophenoxide and piperidine. Comparison with other 2‐halogeno‐5‐nitrothiophenes (1975)

Abstract 2‐Fluoro‐5‐nitrothiophene reacts with sodium thiophenoxide and piperidine much faster than other 2‐halogeno‐5‐nitrothiophenes. In methanol the reactions with both nucleophiles follow overall second order kinetics, while in benzene the observed second order rate constants of the reaction with piperidine show a linear dependence by the piperidine concentration. Such a dependence, which is mild for the chloro, bromo and iodo derivative, becomes strong for the fluoro compound. Moreover, the reaction of 2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrothiophene with [1‐ 2 H ]piperidine shows the absence of a primary isotope effect. The results are interpreted within the framework of the two‐stage, intermediate‐complex mechanism, the first stage (attack of the nucleophile on the substrate) being rate determing for the reactions of 2‐fluoro‐, ‐chloro‐, ‐bromo‐ and ‐iodo‐5‐nitrothiophene with thiophenoxide in methanol and of 2‐chloro‐, ‐bromo‐ and ‐iodo‐5‐nitrothiophene with piperidine in benzene. In the case of the reaction of 2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrothiophene with piperidine in benzene the data are in agreement with a mechanism in which the rate determining step is the decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate into products. The intervention of a second amine molecule in the transition state of the rate determining step can be rationalized in terms of bifunctional catalysis. A comparison of reactivity of thiophenoxide and piperidine towards 2‐halogeno‐5‐nitrothiophenes (Hal = F, Cl, Br, I) indicates a greater sensitivity of the reaction with piperidine than that with thiophenoxide to the change of the leaving group.
Decline and Recovery of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Stocks throughout the North Atlantic (2008)

Many stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on both sides of the North Atlantic are currently at much reduced levels of biomass, but this situation is not in all instances the result of long, continuous decline. Most Northwest Atlantic stocks declined to low levels during the 1970s, but increased during the 1980s before declining even more severely during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Several of these stocks have shown little recovery despite severe restrictions on directed fishing. Many stocks in the Northeast Atlantic have experienced sustained increases and sustained decreases, but generally not in concert. Among-stock comparisons illustrate that fishing has played a dominant role in the dynamics of all cod stocks, but variability in climate has contributed to variability in recruitment, individual growth, and natural mortality. A cooling event during the last three decades of the twentieth century contributed to the rapid decline of several stocks in the Northwest Atlantic, and changes in life-history traits (growth rate, age and size at maturity) and in the biotic environment (predators and prey) may be contributing to recovery being slow.
Loss of Grem1 -articular cartilage progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis (2023)

Osteoarthritis (OA), which carries an enormous disease burden across the world, is characterised by irreversible degeneration of articular cartilage (AC), and subsequently bone. The cellular cause of OA is unknown. Here, using lineage tracing in mice, we show that the BMP-antagonist <i>Gremlin 1</i> (<i>Grem1</i>) marks a novel chondrogenic progenitor (CP) cell population in the articular surface that generates joint cartilage and subchondral bone during development and adulthood. Notably, this CP population is depleted in injury-induced OA, and with age. OA is also induced by toxin-mediated ablation of <i>Grem1</i> CP cells in young mice. Transcriptomic analysis and functional modelling in mice revealed articular surface <i>Grem1</i>-lineage cells are dependent on <i>Foxo1</i>; ablation of <i>Foxo1</i> in <i>Grem1</i>-lineage cells led to early OA. This analysis identified FGFR3 signalling as a therapeutic target, and injection of its activator, FGF18, caused proliferation of <i>Grem1</i>-lineage CP cells, increased cartilage thickness, and reduced OA pathology. We propose that OA arises from the loss of CP cells at the articular surface secondary to an imbalance in progenitor cell homeostasis and present a new progenitor population as a locus for OA therapy.
The gp38 Adhesins of the T4 Superfamily: A Complex Modular Determinant of the Phage’s Host Specificity (2011)

The tail fiber adhesins are the primary determinants of host range in the T4-type bacteriophages. Among the indispensable virion components, the sequences of the long tail fiber genes and their associated adhesins are among the most variable. The predominant form of the adhesin in the T4-type phages is not even the version of the gene encoded by T4, the archetype of the superfamily, but rather a small unrelated protein (gp38) encoded by closely related phages such as T2 and T6. This gp38 adhesin has a modular design: its N-terminal attachment domain binds at the tip of the tail fiber, whereas the C-terminal specificity domain determines its host receptor affinity. This specificity domain has a series of four hypervariable segments (HVSs) that are separated by a set of highly conserved glycine-rich motifs (GRMs) that apparently form the domain's conserved structural core. The role of gp38's various components was examined by a comparative analysis of a large series of gp38 adhesins from T-even superfamily phages with differing host specificities. A deletion analysis revealed that the individual HVSs and GRMs are essential to the T6 adhesin's function and suggests that these different components all act in synergy to mediate adsorption. The evolutionary advantages of the modular design of the adhesin involving both conserved structural elements and multiple independent and easily interchanged specificity determinants are discussed.
P-selectin-mediated platelet activation promotes adhesion of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells on vascular endothelial cells under flow (2012)

Lung cancer is a severe disease threatening human health worldwide. Distant hematogenous metastasis results in poor prognosis and death of lung cancer patients. In the present study, we investigated the effect of circulatory platelets (PLTs) on hematogenous metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Laser scanning confocal microscopy was employed to assay the expression of P-selectin in lung cancer tissue, paracancerous tissue and distant tissue, respectively. Meanwhile, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to determine P-selectin activation in peripheral blood. Purified PLTs were co-cultured with A549 cells and human vascular endothelial cells (HuvECs). Subsequently, the formation of PLT-lung cancer cell complexes and their effects on rolling and adhesion of A549 on the surface of vascular endothelium were assayed. Integrin α3, α5, β1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNAs and proteins were measured by reverse RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The expression of P-selectin in lung adenocarcinoma tissue was significantly stronger compared to that in paracancerous and distant tissues. P-selectin activation in peripheral blood in lung adenocarcinoma was markedly enhanced. The rolling rate of A549 on HuvECs was significantly slowed down after co-culture of activated PLTs and A549 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of integrin α3, α5, β1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly increased after the co-culture. In conclusion, the PLT-lung cancer cell complexes protected the lung cancer cells from mechanical injury under blood flow. Furthermore, up-regulated integrin α3, α5, β1 and endothelial cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 promoted the adhesion of A549 on vascular endothelial cells, which may be responsible for hematogenous metastasis of lung cancer.
Analysis of the transcriptome of the protozoan Theileria parva using MPSS reveals that the majority of genes are transcriptionally active in the schizont stage (2005)

Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) was used to analyze the transcriptome of the intracellular protozoan Theileria parva. In total 1,095,000, 20 bp sequences representing 4371 different signatures were generated from T.parva schizonts. Reproducible signatures were identified within 73% of potentially detectable predicted genes and 83% had signatures in at least one MPSS cycle. A predicted leader peptide was detected on 405 expressed genes. The quantitative range of signatures was 4-52,256 transcripts per million (t.p.m.). Rare transcripts (<50 t.p.m.) were detected from 36% of genes. Sequence signatures approximated a lognormal distribution, as in microarray. Transcripts were widely distributed throughout the genome, although only 47% of 138 telomere-associated open reading frames exhibited signatures. Antisense signatures comprised 13.8% of the total, comparable with Plasmodium. Eighty five predicted genes with antisense signatures lacked a sense signature. Antisense transcripts were independently amplified from schizont cDNA and verified by sequencing. The MPSS transcripts per million for seven genes encoding schizont antigens recognized by bovine CD8 T cells varied 1000-fold. There was concordance between transcription and protein expression for heat shock proteins that were very highly expressed according to MPSS and proteomics. The data suggests a low level of baseline transcription from the majority of protein-coding genes.
Frequencies and strengths of vibrational-rotational lines of ethylene12C 2 H 4 in the 10-μm region (1992)

In the present study, three infrared active bands ((nu) <SUB>10</SUB>, (nu) <SUB>7</SUB>, (nu) <SUB>12</SUB>) are analyzed within the framework of a four-level model, taking into account mutual Coriolis interaction between three infrared active bands and Coriolis interaction with the inactive band (nu) <SUB>4</SUB>.
State pollution control commission (1985)

When preparing an environmental impact statement for the development of a marina the following should be taken into consideration.
DISKURSUS INDO–PASIFIK: HEGEMONI AMERIKA, PERSAINGAN STRATEGIS, HINGGA TRANSFORMASI GEOPOLITIK KAWASAN (2019)

Based on Donald Trump's statement You Asia Pacific, I Say Indo Pacific became a hint for the changing geopolitics of the world which marks a fundamental change to global politics. The discourse of Indo-Pacific demands a fundamental shift in how to understand the dynamics of international politics, formerly known as Asia-Pacific. The emphasis on hegemonic practices, strategic competition, to geopolitical transformation of the region is the main scope that is then created from the projection of the US grand strategy. The Indo-Pacific is essentially an expansion of geographical coverage by involving India as a symbol of the dominant force in the Indian Ocean into a progressive US move to present structural obstacles to the dominance of Chinese military power.