gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Categorization of Electromagnetic Dose in a Human Head Using a Cellular Phone for Case-Control Epidemiological Studies (2006)

P-548 Abstract: Recently, rapid spread of cellular phones has raised a concern about possible health effects of electromagnetic field (EMF). International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) has conducted INTERPHONE study to be evaluated the relationship between brain tumor incidence and cellular phone use. Exposure assessment is one of a major factor to influence the quality of research for epidemiological study. To evaluate the exposure to EMF by cellular phones, specific absorption rate (SAR) is often used as a measure of exposure. Assuming that highly exposed tissue has higher risk of tumor, it is important to assess the SAR at the location of the tumor. Here we report the results on the categorization of phones and typical exposure indexes inside the human head regarding SAR distribution. We will also present preliminary results of individual dose recorded in software modified phones and comparison between France and Japan.
Alkylphosphocholines as Promising Antitumor Agents: Exploring the Role of Structural Features on the Hemolytic Potential (2013)

Alkylphosphocholines (APC) are promising antitumor agents, which have the cellular membrane as primary target; however, red blood cell damage limits their wide therapeutic use. A variety of APC analogs has been synthesized and tested showing less hemolytic effect than the class prototype, Miltefosine (HePC). In this work, chemometric methods were applied to a set of 34 APC derivatives to identify the most relevant structural and molecular features of hemolytic activity. The APC derivatives were divided into three groups: (i) N-methylpiperidine and N-methylmorpholine derivatives with a long alkyl chain or flexible cyclopentadecyl rings, displaying a hemolytic rate of 17 %; (ii) adamantyl and cyclopentadecyl derivatives, showing an average hemolysis of 39 %; and, N,N,N-trimethylammonium, trans-N,N,N-trimethylcyclohexanamine, and trans-N,N,N-trimethylcyclopentanamine derivatives, whose average hemolysis was 41 %. The findings suggested that the presence of either bulky cationic head groups, or rings such as adamantyl and cyclohexyl, primarily increases the hemolysis of compounds with eleven atoms in the alkyl chain. Moreover, the macrocyclic cyclopentadecyl seems to be important to the hemolytic potential especially of compounds with five carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Regarding linear carbon chain derivatives with no ring substitution, less bulky cationic head groups seem to favor hemolysis. Thus, in order to design more potent and less toxic APC antitumors, the reported structural/molecular patterns should not be included in their structure.
β1 integrin mediated adhesion increases Bim protein degradation and contributes to drug resistance in leukaemia cells (2006)

It has been shown that the tumour microenvironment confers resistance to chemotherapy. Specifically, it was previously reported that adhesion of haematopoietic tumour cells to fibronectin (FN) via beta1 integrins confers a multi-drug resistance phenotype commonly referred to as cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. The present study showed that the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Bim was reduced when leukaemia cells were adherent to FN via beta1 integrins. beta1 integrin-mediated regulation of Bim in K562 cells was demonstrated to be partly a result of increased proteasomal-mediated degradation of Bim protein levels, and proteasome inhibitors prevent Bim degradation. Increased degradation of Bim was not related to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, as adhesion of K562 cells caused a reduction in phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 levels. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of MAP/ERK (MEK) with PD98059 did not increase Bim levels. Reducing Bim levels by short hairpin RNA targeting inhibited imatinib and mitoxantrone-induced cell death. These results showed that beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion regulates Bim degradation and may contribute to the minimal residual disease associated with many haematopoietic malignancies. Together our data indicate that disrupting beta1 integrin-mediated regulation of Bim degradation may increase the efficacy of drugs, including imatinib, used to treat haematopoietic malignancies.
NetChaser: agent support for personal mobility (2000)

The paper discusses NetChaser, a mobile agent-based infrastructure for supporting personal mobility in accessing Internet information services. It exploits agents' ability to assist users by following them when they change working terminals.
Effect of processing history on melt flow defects (1970)

Abstract The two main flow defects which appear to originate in the processing machine or die are melt fracture and sharkskin. Both are associated with the elastic nature of the polymer melt. Processing variations that decrease the elastic nature of the melt diminish the severity of the effects of melt fracture. These include increased die length and temperature and shear at temperatures at which polymer segmental mobility is not too high. The sheared, less elastic melt structure may sometimes be stabilized by polymeric additives. A simple model is presented to account for this behavior, which is illustrated with examples of polyethylene and plasticized PVC.
A pedestrian detection algorithm based on deep deconvolution networks in complex scenes (2018)

Pedestrian detection is an important application in computer vision. Due to uneven illumination, serious obstacles, low quality images, abnormal posture and other factors, pedestrian detection faces the problem of low detection accuracy in complex scenes. In this paper, pedestrian detection algorithm based on deep convolution neural network is studied. Since shorter connections between the input and output layers can help to build deeper and more efficient network in CNN, a densely connected convolution structure is introduced in this paper to optimize the Deconvolutional Single Shot Detector and improve the feature utilization and reduce the network parameters. Meanwhile, by augmenting the context information, the detection performance for small size pedestrians is improved. The initial experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection accuracy to 87.84% at the speed of 12.3fps on low-resolution (64x128) pedestrian dataset, which outperforms the reference algorithms.
A computational study of oxidation of ruthenium porphyrins via ORuIV and ORuVIO species (2006)

An unrestricted density functional theory (UDFT) was applied to study the oxidation of ruthenium porphyrins, [RuP], via an interaction with molecular oxygen. The important role of dimeric [RuP] complexes, i.e. [RuP]-O2-[RuP], in the oxidation mechanism and particular in the cleavage of O-O bond of molecular oxygen has been studied. Geometries and relative Gibbs free energies of the intermediate Ru-complexes, i.e. dimeric oxo-Ru-porphyrins and O2Ru(II)-(or O2- Ru(III))-, ORu(IV)- and ORu(VI)O-porphyrins, were evaluated along the proposed reaction pathway. The detailed thermodynamic data of the oxidation reaction [Ru(II)P] --> O[Ru(IV)P] --> O[Ru(VI)P]O and important aspects of the vibrational spectra of an oxo-[RuP] has been presented.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid on Ni(111) (2011)

Periodic, self-consistent, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to study CO2 hydrogenation on Ni(111). CO2 hydrogenation with H adsorbed on the surface and with H absorbed in the subsurface is investigated systematically, and the respective microscopic reaction mechanisms are elucidated. We show that on Ni(111) CO2 hydrogenation to formate intermediate is more favorable than to carboxyl intermediate. The hydrogenation to formate goes through the unidentate structure that rapidly transforms into the bidentate structure. Further hydrogenation from formate to formic acid is energetically more difficult than formate formation. Formation of adsorbed formic acid from adsorbed CO2 and surface hydrogen is an endothermic reaction. Because subsurface H in Ni(111) is substantially less stable compared to surface H, its reaction with adsorbed CO2 to adsorbed formic acid is an exothermic one. Our results may have significant implications for the synthesis of liquid fuels from CO2 and for catalytic hydrogenation reactions in general.
Supplementary Data from Three-Year Follow-Up and Response–Survival Relationship of Nivolumab in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ATTRACTION-3) (2023)

Supplementary Data from Three-Year Follow-Up and Response–Survival Relationship of Nivolumab in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ATTRACTION-3)
Role of Tissue-Resident Memory in Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (2018)

Tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells are a distinct subset of memory T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues for prolonged periods of time without significant recirculation providing continued immune surveillance at these sites. Recent studies suggest that T<sub>RM</sub> cells are also enriched within tumor tissue. Expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICPs) is particularly enriched on this subset of tumor-infiltrating T cells, suggesting that they are major targets for newer therapies targeting ICPs such as the programmed death-1 pathway. Recent studies suggest that tissue restriction of these cells without recirculation may also lead to heterogeneity of T<sub>RM</sub> cells within individual metastatic lesions, ultimately leading to inter-lesional diversity. Thus, individual metastatic lesions may contain genomically distinct immune microenvironments that impact both evolution of tumors as well as the mechanisms underlying response and resistance to immune therapies. Understanding the biology of T<sub>RM</sub> cells infiltrating tumors will be essential to improving immune-based approaches in diverse settings.
Substratum interactions determine immune response to allogeneic transplants of endothelial cells (2022)

Endothelial cells (ECs) are central to vascular health but also interact with and regulate the immune system. Changes in endothelial state enable immune cells to migrate into the tissue to facilitate repair and fight infection. ECs modulate the function of immune cells through the expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and an array of co-stimulatory and inhibitor molecules. These interactions allow ECs to act as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and influence the outcome of immune recognition. This study elucidates how EC microenvironment, vascular cell biology, and immune response are not only connected but interdependent. More specifically, we explored how cell-substratum interactions influence EC antigen presentation and co-stimulation, and how these differences affect allorecognition in animal models of cell transplantation. Investigation of EC state was carried out using RNA sequencing while assessment of the allogeneic response includes measurements of immune cell cytotoxic ability, T cell proliferation, cytokine release, serum antibodies, and histological staining. Differences in substratum led to divergent EC phenotypes which in turn influenced immune response to transplanted cells, both due to the physical barrier of matrix-adhesion and differences in expression of surface markers. ECs grown in 2D on tissue culture plastic or in 3D on collagen scaffolds had significantly different basal levels of MHC expression, co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules. When treated with cytokines to mimic an inflammatory state, ECs did not converge to a single phenotype but rather responded differently based on their substratum. Generally, 3D ECs were more responsive to inflammatory stimuli than 2D ECs. These unique expression patterns measured <i>in vitro</i> also influence immune recognition <i>in vivo</i>. ECs grown in 2D were more likely to provoke a cytotoxic response while 3D ECs induced T cell proliferation. ECs are uniquely configured to sense not only local flow and mechanical forces but a range of markers related to systemic state, including immune function. ECs interact with immune cells with differing results depending on the environment in which the EC-lymphocyte interaction occurs. Therefore, understanding this relationship is essential to predicting and modifying the outcome of EC-immune interacts. We specifically examined the relationship between EC substratum and allorecognition.
Carotid Artery Dynamics during Head Movements: A Reason for Concern with Regard to Carotid Stenting? (2003)

Following carotid stenting, sharp ICA angulation that are aggravated by forward bending of the head occur at the distal stent junction. The stented section of the carotid artery shows complete lack of flexibility despite highly flexible features of hte stents ex vivo. Both the CCA and ICA are subjected to considerable torsion shear with the head turned left and right. This shear is not accommodated by the current stent designs.
High-density three-dimensional optical data storage in a stacked compact disk format with two-photon writing and single photon readout (1999)

Using a polymer block doped with a highly efficient two-photon dye, we have achieved a high density data storage with gray-scale control in multiple planes as stacked compact disks at a separation of 10 μm. The absorption and fluorescence of the dye at the written spot shift to a longer wavelength, permitting an easy fluorescence mode readout with a linear excitation using an inexpensive laser source. The storage capacity in this case is estimated to be 1012 bits/cm3.
OCCULT WITH NO CLASSIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATED BY INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY WITH VERTEPORFIN (2006)

Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity and lack of fluorescein leakage suggest combination treatment with IVT and PDT for occult with no classic CNV merits further investigation.
MicroFaaS: Energy-efficient Serverless on Bare-metal Single-board Computers (2022)

Serverless function-as-a-service (FaaS) platforms offer a radically-new paradigm for cloud software development, yet the hardware infrastructure underlying these platforms is based on a decades-old design pattern. The rise of FaaS presents an opportunity to reimagine cloud infrastructure to be more energy-efficient, cost-effective, reliable, and secure. In this paper, we show how replacing handfuls of x86-based rack servers with hundreds of ARM-based single-board computers could lead to a virtualization-free, energy-proportional cloud that achieves this vision. We call our systematically-designed implementation MicroFaaS, and we conduct a thorough evaluation and cost analysis comparing MicroFaaS to a throughput-matched FaaS platform implemented in the style of conventional virtualization-based cloud systems. Our results show a 5.6x increase in energy efficiency and 34.2% decrease in total cost of ownership compared to our baseline.
A simple frequency domain multiplexing system for optical point sensors (1987)

A new technique for the multiplexing of intensity modulated optical fiber point sensors using a frequency domain approach is described. A fully dedicated network, consisting of three sensors, has been built. The system performance was evaluated and results are presented.
Development of Functional Membrane. (1997)

Reviewing fundamental and essential works of traditional membrane systems, advanced functional membranes are discussed with both organic and inorganic ones. Furthermore, for development of new field of membrane science and technology, electro-and photoactive functional membrane whose transporting guests are electron (hole) and photon, are described with several examples ; such as various devices of functional molecule incorporating conducting polymer membrane, ultrahigh anisotropic conducting polymer membrane, photoemission energy controllable membrane superlattice of quantum functional semi-conducting conjugating polymer multilayers membrane. These pioneering membranes shall play big drama of membrane science and technology in the future.
IEC 61850: Technology standards and cyber-threats (2016)

Substations constitute a fundamental part in providing reliable electricity to consumers. For a substation to maintain electricity reliability and its own real-time operability, communication between its components is inevitable. Before the emergence of IEC 61850, inter-substation communication was established via expensive copper wires with limited capabilities. IEC 61850 is the standard set by the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee Number 57 Working Group 10 and IEEE for Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)-based communication in electrical substations. Like many power grid systems standards, IEC 61850 was set without extensive consideration for critical security measures. This paper discusses IEC 61850 technology standards and applications thoroughly and points out major security vulnerabilities it introduces in the context of current cyber-physical smart grid systems.
Outcome of septic shock (1998)

Rush Medical College; Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, IL Address requests for reprints to: Robert A. Balk, MD, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1753 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612.
EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION OF THERMO-MECHANICAL ABLATION OF CARBON/PHENOLIC COMPOSITE UNDER THE IMPACT OF LIQUID ALUMINA PARTICLES (2005)

International audience
GPR40 reduces food intake and body weight through GLP-1 (2017)

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) partial agonists lower glucose through the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which is believed to provide significant glucose lowering without the weight gain or hypoglycemic risk associated with exogenous insulin or glucose-independent insulin secretagogues. The class of small-molecule GPR40 modulators, known as AgoPAMs (agonist also capable of acting as positive allosteric modulators), differentiate from partial agonists, binding to a distinct site and functioning as full agonists to stimulate the secretion of both insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Here we show that GPR40 AgoPAMs significantly increase active GLP-1 levels and reduce acute and chronic food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. These effects of AgoPAM treatment on food intake are novel and required both GPR40 and GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways, as demonstrated in GPR40 and GLP-1 receptor-null mice. Furthermore, weight loss associated with GPR40 AgoPAMs was accompanied by a significant reduction in gastric motility in these DIO mice. Chronic treatment with a GPR40 AgoPAM, in combination with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, synergistically decreased food intake and body weight in the mouse. The effect of GPR40 AgoPAMs on GLP-1 secretion was recapitulated in lean, healthy rhesus macaque demonstrating that the putative mechanism mediating weight loss translates to higher species. Together, our data indicate effects of AgoPAMs that go beyond glucose lowering previously observed with GPR40 partial agonist treatment with additional potential for weight loss.
Injectable microparticle‐gel system for prolonged and localized lidocaine release. I. In vitro characterization (2004)

Current treatment protocol for postoperative pain is to infuse anesthetic solution around nerves or into the epidural space. This clinical practice is beset by the short duration of the anesthetic effect unless the infusion is continuous. Continuous infusion, however, requires hospitalization of the patients, thereby increasing medical costs. In addition, it also causes systemic accumulation of the drug. We reported herein a novel treatment for the postoperative pain by applying to the surgical site a biodegradable microsphere-gel system for prolonged and localized release of encapsulated anesthetic drugs. This lidocaine-containing biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) microsphere system, although being established previously by other investigators, was hindered by a burst release and a followed rapid release of the drug within several hours in vitro. In this article, we demonstrated that by a step-by-step modification of the formulation, prolonged release of lidocaine, up to several days in vitro, could be achieved. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a lower glass transition temperature for these lidocaine-loaded microspheres comparing to that of lidocaine-free microspheres. This decreased Tg explained for the tendency of the lidocaine-loaded microspheres to physically fuse at higher temperatures. In vitro studies showed that microspheres, when loaded with 35% lidocaine, yielded a threefold increase in the degradation rate. The molecular weight of PLA of the drug-loaded microspheres was reduced by 50% within a period of 1 month. Based on the results (of prolonged lidocaine release and rapid PLA microsphere degradation), this lidocaine-loaded PLA microsphere system could offer a simple solution to the treatment of postoperative pain.
A 96&#x00D7;96 1V ultra-low power CMOS image sensor for biomedical application (2012)

An ultra-low power CMOS image sensor is designed for endomicroscope applications. The chip will be fabricated through Global Foundries 0.18μm standard CMOS process with 1V power supply. The total power consumption is 6μW for 96×96 array with 5fps frame rate, where global amplifier consumes 3.3 μW, 10-bit SAR ADC consumes 900nW at 50kS/s, and on-chip digital processing further reduces IO power consumption down to 1.6μW.
Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities (2016)

Hypersialylation of tumor cell surface proteins along with a marked upregulation of sialyltransferase (ST) activity is a well-established hallmark of cancer. Due to the critical role of STs in tumor growth and progression, ST inhibition has emerged as a potential new antimetastatic strategy for a range of cancers including pancreatic and ovarian. Human STs are divided into subtypes based on their linkage and acceptor molecule, with each subtype controlling the synthesis of specific sialylated structures with unique biological roles. This has important implications for inhibitor development, as STs also play significant roles in immune responses, inflammation, viral infection, and neurological disorders. Thus, the current goal in order to advance to the clinic is the development of subtype selective, cell-permeable and synthetically accessible, small-molecule ST inhibitors. Herein is a comprehensive review of the latest developments in ST inhibitors from design, Nature, and high-throughput screening, addressing both the challenges and opportunities in targeting cell surface sialylation. The review features an overview of the biological evaluation methods, computational and imaging tools, inhibitor molecular diversity, and selectivity toward ST subtypes, along with the emerging role of ST inhibitors as diagnostic tools for disease imaging.
Improved saccharification of steam-exploded Pinus radiata on supplementing crude extract of Penicillium sp. (2014)

Commercially available enzymes do not contain all the necessary softwood-specific accessory enzymes to obtain high saccharification efficiency. In this work, six saprophytic fungi obtained from Pinus radiata plantation site were screened for the putative softwood-specific accessory enzyme, β-mannanase. A Penicillium sp. was found to produce β-mannanase in both solid (31.6 units/g of dry biomass) and liquid (117 units/g of dry biomass) cultures using locust bean gum as an inducer after 2 weeks of incubation. The saccharification of steam-exploded Pinus radiata was 7.8 % w/w improved when the crude extract of Penicillium sp. was added to a mixture of commercial enzymes.