gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Global Consequences of China's Economic Reforms (2000)

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how China's economic reform programme of the 1980s led to an opening of the country to new ideas, and to increased interaction with global regimes in all major issue areas. It provides some early sense of the extent to which the global level matters, not only in its ability to influence the internal organization of the state but also in its capacity to shape the image of a particular state held by insiders and outsiders. The intention is not to discuss in detail the global dialogue with China on human rights, but rather to demonstrate the context of China's participation in this complex web of international regimes that characterize contemporary global society, including that of the human rights regime. The different sections of the chapter are: The Rationale for Reform; Transnationalism and the Role of Ideas; Participation in International Regimes; The New Professional Élites; and Conclusion.
Directed Ortho Metalation in 2021: A Tribute to Victor Snieckus (August 1, 1937–December 18, 2020) (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTDirected Ortho Metalation in 2021: A Tribute to Victor Snieckus (August 1, 1937–December 18, 2020)Paul Knochel*Paul KnochelDepartment Chemie, Ludwig-Maximiians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 8377 Munich, Germany*Email: [email protected]More by Paul Knochel and Kevin P. Cole*Kevin P. ColeSynthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States*Email: [email protected]More by Kevin P. Colehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-6557Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2021, 25, 10, 2188–2191Publication Date (Web):September 24, 2021Publication History Received5 July 2021Published online24 September 2021Published inissue 15 October 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00271https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00271review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2021 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3723Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Functionalization,Lithiation,Metalation Get e-Alerts
Anomalous Sensing Response of NiO Nanoparticulate Films toward H2S (2019)

Gas-sensing characteristics of thick films prepared using NiO nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated. NiO NPs were synthesized via a facile and cost-effective chemical coprecipitation method. NPs of different sizes were produced by varying growth parameters such as stirring and annealing temperatures. These nanomaterials were investigated by several techniques to determine their morphology, crystal structure, phase purity, and composition. A dilute solution of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-functionalized NiO NPs in propan-2-ol was used to prepare the films on polycrystalline alumina substrates with predeposited interdigitated gold electrodes. Gas-sensing studies of NiO nanoparticulate films illustrate that, among various toxic gases, they have a fast response to H2S. However, this response toward H2S was found to be anomalous. Upon exposure to H2S, the resistance of NiO films increases from a base value, which is then followed by an immediate and unpredicted decrease before saturation. To investigate this anomalous behavior, H2S gas-sensing studies were carried out as a function of the operating temperature, gas concentration, and particle size. The increase in the resistance upon exposure to gas is observed to increase with the concentration (range 1–100 ppm) at a fixed temperature. However, this anomalous response was observed in all cases. To identify the mechanism responsible for this unusal behavior, NiO films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, before and after H2S exposure. It was found that this strange occurrence is due to a combined competitive response from two different kinds of kinetics occurring simultaneously, i.e., the formation of NiS along with the typical oxidation of H2S by NiO, where the oxidation reaction leads to an increase in the resistance and the sulfide formation leads to a decrease in the resistance because of the metallic nature of NiS.
Supplemental Table 1 from Bacterial SOS Genes <i>mucAB/umuDC</i> Promote Mouse Tumors by Activating Oncogenes <i>Nedd9/Aurkb</i> via a miR-145 Sponge (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Synthetic DNA oligomers, PCR primers&lt;/p&gt;
O uso de antidepressivos no Transtorno de Ansiedade generalizada (2002)

necessrio para tratar (NNT).Abandonos foram considerados como no-resposta.
<title>Information content in nonlinear local normalization processing of digital images</title> (2001)

In this paper, we investigate the rate at which information is transferred from the scene to the digital processed image in imaging systems using nonlinear Local Normalization. While a formula for the Rate of Information has been used in many studies of linear systems with Gaussian (Normal) signals, a formula applicable to nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems has not been available until now. We discuss a new formula for the Rate of Information developed by the authors for systems with nonlinear Local Normalization processing. The Local Normalization algorithm, which is similar to the Retinex algorithm, is formulated and discussed. As the name implies, this algorithm forms a local average signal and normalizes the detail (high spatial frequency) scene signal by the local average. The scene detail information transferred to the locally normalized image is seen to be at least as high as that transferred to the acquired digital image. Thus, no information loss occurs in using Local Normalization. A case study of the new Rate of Information formula shows that designing the image-gathering system cut-off frequency near or slightly below the Nyquist frequency maximizes the scene detail information transferred to the locally normalized image for all the conditions considered.
Crystal structures of some complexes of lanthanides and amino acids (1987)

New cobalt complexes I and II have been synthesized, where R = methyl, ethyl, 2-methylpropyl, and L = OH 2 , imidazole.
Isolation and Screening of Acetochlor-Degrading Strain and its Degradation Characteristics (2011)

The acetochlor residue in the tobacco cultivated soils was inclined to affect the growth of tobacco. In this study, regarding the acetochlor as the inorganic salt medium with the sole carbon source, we obtain the acetochlor-degrading bacteria from the tobacco cultivated soil through isolation and screening, numbering as CSUFTM78. Under the view of the microscopy, the bacteria has a rod shape and no spore with the size of 0.8 ~ 1.5 × 0.4 ~ 0.6μm; in the medium, the colonies are opaque, white, round, convex with neat edge and moist and shiny surface. Then determine the concentration of acetochlor which was directly added into the liquid medium and the phote-absorbance of strain number using UV spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the strain CSUFTM78 can grow in the inorganic salt medium which regards quinclorac as the sole carbon source; besides, the degradation rate was up to 38%. By determining the 16S sequence of CSUFTM78 strain, the homology of GENBANK in BLAST reaches more than 99% with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (HQ185399). By constructing a phylogenetic tree, strain CSUFTM78 and S. maltophilia were integrated into one with the confidence of 100%. Combined with the morphological characteristics of strains, we identify the CSUFTM78 as S.maltophilia and the results can provide both strains and theoretical basis for degrading the acetochlor residual in tobacco cultivated soil using microorganism.
Selection pressure and performance in spatially distributed evolutionary algorithms (2002)

Recent studies of spatially distributed EAs have formally characterized the selection pressure induced by various selection strategies applied to local neighborhoods of various sizes and shapes. These analyses provide us with the ability to predict the expected behavior of the local neighborhood EAs. In this paper we empirically validate these predictions using the domain of function optimization. We demonstrate the various ways selection pressure can be varied in a spatially distributed EA and show that, from a performance point of view, no optimal selection pressure can be defined since it also depends on the fitness landscape of the problem being solved. Our results suggest that it may be possible to adaptively tune selection pressure by varying a single parameter, the neighborhood radius.
The structure of hepatitis B envelope and molecular variants of hepatitis B virus (1995)

Accumulated evidence in recent years has shown that the variation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes may have profound implications for our understanding of hepatitis B pathogenesis and prevention. Attention has focused on areas of the outer envelope coded by the S gene which are involved in the induction of a protective neutralising antibody response, and mutations which directly affect the production of C gene products, one of which is considered as a target for immune T cells involved in virus clearance. This review highlights recent experimental data which emphasizes the role of such mutations in the establishment and maintenance of chronic HBV infections and focuses attention on the significance of HBV variants with respect to the expanding use of HBV vaccines for mass immunization.
High-pressure far-infrared properties of indium-doped Pb1-xSnxTe (1984)

The authors have measured the effect of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the far-infrared plasma edge of an epitaxial film of indium-doped Pb0.79Sn0.21Te. At temperatures below 15K at all pressures the sample displayed the large increase in carrier plasma frequency characteristic of persistent photoconductivity. Application of pressure to 8 kbar at 80K, however, is not equivalent to lowering the temperature to change the band gap by the same amount. Instead, the application of pressure causes a relatively small shift in the plasma frequency at both high and low temperature. This demonstrates that the persistent photoconductivity is unrelated to the indium level entering the band. An alternative picture involving a configurational potential barrier between the impurity and band states explains the qualitative features of the results.
Parametric channel estimation for massive MIMO (2017)

Channel state information is crucial to achieving the capacity of\nmulti-antenna (MIMO) wireless communication systems. It requires estimating the\nchannel matrix. This estimation task is studied, considering a sparse channel\nmodel particularly suited to millimeter wave propagation, as well as a general\nmeasurement model taking into account hybrid architectures. The contribution is\ntwofold. First, the Cram{\\'e}r-Rao bound in this context is derived. Second,\ninterpretation of the Fisher Information Matrix structure allows to assess the\nrole of system parameters, as well as to propose asymptotically optimal and\ncomputationally efficient estimation algorithms.\n
Supplementary Figure 7 from SUZ12 Promotes Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Suppressing Apoptosis via Silencing HRK (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 55K, Upregulation of HRK contributes to apoptosis induced by SUZ12 knockdown&lt;/p&gt;
High density capacitance structures in submicron CMOS for low power RF applications (2002)

This paper presents four novel interconnect based capacitors with 2 to 3 times the capacitance density of a conventional metal sandwich capacitor and with self-resonant frequencies above 20 GHz, suitable for low power RF applications. Unlike the conventional capacitor, the capacitance density of these structures increases with the scaling of the technology. The structures have been fabricated in both 0.25 /spl mu/m and 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technologies, measured and an equivalent circuit presented.
Development of innervation of coronary arteries in human foetus up until 230 mm. stage (mid-term). (1970)

Development of innervation of coronary arteries
Supplementary Figure 1 from Role of Synaptojanin 2 in Glioma Cell Migration and Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Role of Synaptojanin 2 in Glioma Cell Migration and Invasion
Persistent Reduction of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation by Papillary Muscle Repositioning (2007)

PM repositioning is persistently effective in reducing moderate chronic IMR, even when LV volume increases. This may reflect structural stabilization by an external patch device of the papillary muscle-LV wall complex that controls mitral valve tethering.
Data from Hyperthermia Sensitizes Glioma Stem-like Cells to Radiation by Inhibiting AKT Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of cells in tumors that are believed to mediate self-renewal and relapse in glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly form of primary brain cancer. In radiation oncology, hyperthermia is known to radiosensitize cells, and it is reemerging as a treatment option for patients with GBM. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of hyperthermic radiosensitization in GSCs by a phospho-kinase array that revealed the survival kinase AKT as a critical sensitization determinant. GSCs treated with radiation alone exhibited increased AKT activation, but the addition of hyperthermia before radiotherapy reduced AKT activation and impaired GSC proliferation. Introduction of constitutively active AKT in GSCs compromised hyperthermic radiosensitization. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K further enhanced the radiosensitizing effects of hyperthermia. In a preclinical orthotopic transplant model of human GBM, thermoradiotherapy reduced pS6 levels, delayed tumor growth, and extended animal survival. Together, our results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for further evaluation of combined hyperthermia and radiation for GBM treatment. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(8); 1760–9. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Head and neck and esophageal cancers after liver transplant: results from a multicenter cohort study. Italy, 1997-2010 (2015)

This study quantified the risk of head and neck (HN) and esophageal cancers in 2770 Italian liver transplant (LT) recipients. A total of 186 post-transplant cancers were diagnosed-including 32 cases of HN cancers and nine cases of esophageal carcinoma. The 10-year cumulative risk for HN and esophageal carcinoma was 2.59%. Overall, HN cancers were nearly fivefold more frequent in LT recipients than expected (standardized incidence ratios - SIR=4.7, 95% CI: 3.2-6.6), while esophageal carcinoma was ninefold more frequent (SIR=9.1, 95% CI: 4.1-17.2). SIRs ranged from 11.8 in LT with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) to 1.8 for LT without ALD for HN cancers, and from 23.7 to 2.9, respectively, for esophageal carcinoma. Particularly elevated SIRs in LT with ALD were noted for carcinomas of tongue (23.0) or larynx (13.7). Our findings confirmed and quantified the large cancer excess risk in LT recipients with ALD. The risk magnitude and the prevalence of ALD herein documented stress the need of timely and specifically organized programs for the early diagnosis of cancer among LT recipients, particularly for high-risk recipients like those with ALD.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production by Microbial Cultivation. (1997)

近年の微生物・微細藻類による高度不飽和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 生産に関する報告を紹介する。最近では, 微生物による油脂生産は, 動植物油脂から得にくいPUFAの生産方法として注目されてきた。しかし, 実用生産に結びついた例はそう多くない。日本で始められたMortierella属菌によるγ-リノレン酸の生産は, 最初の微生物油脂の工業的生産であった。アラキドン酸ならびに各種のC20-PUFAは, Mortierella alpinaとその変異株での生産が報告された。微生物によるDHA生産は, 海洋起源のラビリンチュラ, 類微細藻類バクテリアから報告があるが, 増殖性あるいは生産性が低い値である。筆者らは, DHAとn-6ドコサペンタエン酸を高い含量で含む海生菌のSchizochytrium属の新しい株を分離した。高いDHA生産性は, 高い増殖性と脂質蓄積性によって得られた。本菌は, 高度不飽和脂肪酸合成系の検討とともにDHAの微生物生産に期待される。
Improved Sensitivity for Imaging Spin Trapped Hydroxyl Radical at 250 MHz (2014)

Radicals, including hydroxyl, superoxide, and nitric oxide, play key signaling roles in vivo. Reaction of these free radicals with a spin trap affords more stable paramagnetic nitroxides, but concentrations in vivo still are so low that detection by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is challenging. Three innovative enabling technologies have been combined to substantially improve sensitivity for imaging spin-trapped radicals at 250 MHz. 1) Spin-trapped adducts of BMPO have lifetimes that are long enough to make imaging by EPR at 250 MHz feasible. 2) The signal-to-noise ratio of rapid-scan EPR is substantially higher than for conventional continuous-wave EPR. 3) An improved algorithm permits image reconstruction with a spectral dimension that encompasses the full 50 G spectrum of the BMPO-OH spin adduct without requiring the wide sweeps that would be needed for filtered backprojection. A 2D spectral-spatial image is shown for a phantom containing ca. 5 μM BMPO-OH.
Investigation of the Influence of Sucrose and Cholesterol on the Phase Transition Temperature of nanoliposomal formulation besides using particle size Reduction Techniques (Ultrasonication/High Pressure Homogenization) (2017)

Introduction: The successful application of nanoliposoms as an effective drug delivery system depends on their stability in the medium. In this article, influence of additive materials such as cholesterol and sucrose besides two natural and synthesized phospholipids have been investigated. Methods: In the present study, designing and synthesis of nanoliposomal formulations were prepared using thin film method. This liposomal suspension was downsized by two methods, the high-pressure homogenizer and ultrasound to form small unilamellar vesicles. The size distributions, zeta potentials and phase transition temperature of formulations were all determined by a zetasizer and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). In addition, the contribution of nanoliposomal formulation has been investigated by HPLC and FTIR methods. Results: Results of the DSC measurments indicated that incorporation of unsaturated phospholipid (SOY PC) may cause phase separation with partial miscibility in the liposome bilayer containing of DPPG. The optimal nanoliposomal formulation was composed of (DPPC: CHOL: mPEG2000-DSPE) with the mole percents equal to (83:15:2), respectively. In addition, sucrose has been used in the formulation with a total amounts six times greater than that of the lipids. The properties of optimized nanoliposome have been shown as the size average 104nm, zeta potential 8.04mv and phase transition temperature of lipid less than 37&deg;C which were stable enough to be utilized for loading and releasing bioactives in body temperature. Conclusion: Finally the produced nanoliposomes were stable vesicles in the proper size, phase transition temperature and surface charge without any aggregation and fusion.
Translation of ovalbumin mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Characterization of the system and effects of estrogen on injected mRNA populations. (1976)

Ovalbumin messenger RNA (mRNAov) purified from hen oviduct was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The oocytes were incubated in culture medium containing [3H]leucine. Analysis of the oocyte cytosol on Sephadex G-15O columns demonstrated a peak of radioactivity which cochromatographed with authentic ovalbumin. Radioactive protein contained in this peak was precipitated by ovalbumin antiserum, coelectrophoresed with ovalbumin on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea gels at pH 8.7, and eluted with the protein at the same pH (4.8) on CM-cellulose chromatography. Injection of increasing amounts of mRNAov was found to elicit a linear response in terms of ovalbumin synthesis. Moreover, there was linear incorporation of radioactivity into microinjected oocytes over a minimum period of 91 h. Less than 1 ng mRNAov was detected in this system. Ovalbumin mRNA activity was present in RNA preparations from chicks treated with estrogen but was undetectable in animals withdrawn from the hormone. This study constitutes an initial demonstration of a steroid hormone-induced alteration in mRNA population as assayed in intact viable heterologous cells.
Both N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of Presenilin 1 colocalize with neurofibrillary tangles in neurons and dystrophic neurites of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (1998)

Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a causative gene for chromosome 14-linked familial Alzheimer's disease. The gene product is known to be cleaved into N-terminal fragments (PS1-N) and C-terminal fragments (PS1-C). To understand the pathophysiological role of PS1, we conducted immunohistochemical studies using antibodies specific for PS1-N and PS1-C in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both antibodies showed punctuate staining exclusively in neurons and their processes in both control and AD brains. PS1-N immunolabeling colocalized with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in 36% of NFT-bearing neurons and with dystrophic neurites in 28% of senile plaques (SPs). PS1-C immunolabeling colocalized with dystrophic neurites in 70% of NFT-bearing SPs and with intraneuronal NFTs in 32% of NFT-bearing neurons. Both antibodies did not detect PHF-tau-positive neuropil threads and Abeta amyloid fibrils. The colocalization was also found in 33-38 % of NFT-bearing neurons in progressive supranuclear palsy. These results indicate that both PS1-N and PS1-C fragments are deposited in part of NFT-bearing neurons and dystrophic neurites in SPs; both are the pathologic hallmarks of AD.
Efficient data compression for seismic-while-drilling applications (2003)

Seismic-while-drilling services efficiently support drilling decisions. They use the vibrations produced by the drill-bit during perforation as a downhole seismic source. The seismic signal is recorded by sensors on the surface, and it is processed in order to obtain/update an image of the subsurface around the borehole. To improve the characterization of the source, some sensors have been experimentally installed also downhole, on the drill pipes in close proximity to the bit: data logged downhole have been able to give better quality information. Currently, the main drawback of downhole equipment is the absence of a high-bit-rate telemetry system to enable real-time activities. This problem may be solved by employing either an offline solution, with limited memory capacity up to few hundreds of megabytes, or an online solution with telemetry at a very low bit-rate (few bits per second). However, following the offline approach with standard acquisition parameters, the internal storage memory would be filled up in just a few hours at high acquisition rates. On the contrary, with the online solution, only a small portion of the acquired signals (or only alarm information about potentially dangerous events) can be transmitted in real time to the surface by using conventional mud-pulse telemetry. We present a lossy data compression algorithm based on a new representation of downhole data in angle domain, which is suitable for downhole implementation and may be successfully applied to both online and offline solutions. Numerical tests based on real field data achieve compression ratios up to 112:1 without major loss of information. This allows a significant increase in downhole time acquisition and in real-time information that can be transmitted through mud-pulse telemetry.