gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulphonamido-phosphorus nickel complexes for the selective oligomerisation of olefins - Exploring dissymmetric ligands and supramolecular strategies (2014)

The demand for short linear alpha olefins is constantly increasing and motivates the development of robust and selective catalysts. In this thesis, several libraries of phosphorus ligands with the capacity to form dissymmetric or supramolecular assemblies were synthesized. The variability observed within the aminophosphine libraries, clearly reflected by the various tautomeric equilibrium of the ligand, was also observed in the nickel complexes as a single ligand could generate several complexes with different structures. Sulphonyliminobisphosphine were then introduced as a new class of ligands. These precursors rearrange in the presence of nickel to generate diphosphinamine nickel complexes. Activated by MAO, these complexes are active in the reaction of ethylene oligomerisation and produce short chain olefins. A new approach that forms stable supramolecular nickel complexes was developed by combining two phosphorus ligands with Ni(0). These complexes stabilised by hydrogen bonding are directly active in the reaction of ethylene oligomerisation with some catalysts leading to high selectivity to 1‐butene (up to 84%). To understand the origin of that selectivity, the scope of complexes was extended to ligands with different steric and electronic properties. Their evaluation in the reaction of ethylene oligomerisation evidenced a relation between the catalyst structure and the selectivity of the reaction. Mechanistic studies, under an ethylene atmosphere, reveals that cationic complexes rearrange to neutral complexes, which are likely, the active species.
Electron Microscopic Study on the Initial Stages of (111)-Oriented Diamonds Grown on Pt Substrates (2000)

The initial stages of (111)-oriented diamonds grown on Pt substrates have been studied by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images clearly reveal that scratching pretreatment strongly damages the surfaces of (111)-Pt substrates. After pretreatment, the column like polycrystalline damage layers are observed to form on the Pt surfaces for the first time, the average thickness of which is about 400 to 500 nm. During the subsequent deposition process, these surface damage layers gradually recrystallized into the single-crystalline state. The nucleation and initial growth of diamond particles are, in fact, accompanied by the Pt surface recrystallization process, and the formation of the (111)-oriented diamond grains is discussed in regard to the Pt surface recrystallization process.
Core–shell latex containing fluorinated polymer rich in shell (2002)

Abstract Core–shell latex with polyacrylate rich in core and fluoropolymer rich in shell was prepared by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization in the presence of mixed emulsifiers. The solids content of the latex was about 25 wt %. The polymerization conditions for the latex were discussed. The morphology of latex particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and the surface properties were determined by the Wilhelmy method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1147–1153, 2002
Extraesophageal presentations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. (1997)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is increasingly being recognized as a common factor contributing to asthma and many ear, nose, and throat complaints. For example, studies suggest that acid reflux is present in 50% to 80% of asthmatic patients, 10% to 20% of chronic coughers, up to 80% of patients with difficult-to-manage hoarseness, 25% to 50% of patients with globus sensation, and a small but definite group of patients with laryngeal cancer. Clinical suspicion is the key to the diagnosis because many patients do not have classic reflux symptoms of heartburn or acid regurgitation. Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring with pH probes in the distal esophagus and proximal esophagus or hypopharynx and laryngeal examinations are the most helpful diagnostic tests. Prolonged acid suppression, either medically or surgically, will cure or help many of these patients.
Quinolizidines. XXX. A Ready Access to the Dibenzo(a,f)quinolizidine Ring System from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline. (1992)

An alternative synthesis of 9,10-dimethoxydibenzo[a,f]quinolizidine (16) has been accomplished through a route including mercuric acetate-edetic acid oxidation of a benzene-fused piperidine. The route started with an initial condensation of ine (5) with 3,4-dimethoxyphenacyl bromide (6) and proceeded through the amino ketone (7), amino alcohol (8), lactam alcohol (9), N-substituted dihydrocarbostyril (10), and quaternary iminium salt (11 or 15).
The Polarity Effect on the Photoelectrochemical Properties of Ga- and N-Face Free-Standing GaN Substrate (2013)

The band-edge potential and photocurrent density of N-face GaN were experimentally determined to be more negative and greater than those of Ga-face GaN, respectively, in this photoelectrochemical experiment. These results indicate that the N-face GaN could generate much more hydrogen than Ga-face GaN. Although the time dependence of the photocurrent density of N-face GaN was almost constant, that of Ga-face GaN stabilized only after 260 min of reaction time. From these results, we conclude that N-face GaN, which has a more negative band-edge potential and a more stable photocurrent density, could be suitable for higher-photocurrent generation than Ga-face GaN.
Temperature range for growth of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and selected coliforms in E. coli medium (1990)

Escherichia coli serotype O157H:7 and five other fecal and nonfecal coliforms were tested for minimum and maximum temperatures for growth in E. coli medium by using a temperature gradient incubator with a mean temperature increment of 1.67 degrees C (+/- 0.392). The temperature range for growth of E. coli O157:H7 is inconsistent with that of other fecal coliforms, suggesting that this pathogen is excluded with standard enumeration procedures used for foods and water.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Filter: Improving Viral Removal at Low Pressure (2010)

The effective removal of viruses by a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) filter is demonstrated over a range of solution chemistries. MS2 bacteriophage viral removal by the MWNT filter was between 1.5 and 3 log higher than that observed with a recently reported single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) filter when examined under similar loadings (0.3 mg/cm(2)) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The greater removal of viruses by the MWNT filter is attributed to a more uniform CNT-filter matrix that allows effective removal of viruses by physicochemical (depth) filtration. Viral removal by the MWNT filter was examined under a broad range of water compositions (ionic strength, monovalent and divalent salts, solution pH, natural organic matter, alginate, phosphate, and bicarbonate) and filter approach velocities (0.0016, 0.0044, and 0.0072 cm/s). Log viral removal increased as the fluid approach velocity decreased, exhibiting a dependence on approach velocity in agreement with colloid filtration theory for Brownian particles. Viral removal improved with increasing ionic strength (NaCl), from 5.06 log removal at 1 mM NaCl to greater than 6.56 log removal at 100 mM NaCl. Addition of calcium ions also enhanced viral removal, but the presence of magnesium ions resulted in a decrease in viral removal. Solution pH also played an important role in viral removal, with log removals of 8.13, 5.38, and 4.00 being documented at solution pH values of 3.0, 5.5, and 9.0, respectively. Dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) had a negligible effect on viral removal at low concentration (1 mg/L), but higher concentrations of NOM significantly reduced the viral removal by the MWNT filter, likely due to steric repulsion. Addition of alginate (model polysaccharide) also caused a marked decrease in viral removal by the MWNT filter. This highly scalable MWNT-filter technology at gravity-driven pressures presents new, cost-effective options for point-of-use filters for viral removal.
A detailed TPD study of H2O and pre-adsorbed O on the stepped Pt(553) surface (2010)

Water molecules desorbing from the bare Pt(553) surface desorb in a three peak structure, associated with, respectively, desorption from step and terrace sites and the water multilayer. Upon pre-covering the step sites with O(ad) we mainly observe OH formation on step sites. When terrace sites are also pre-covered with O(ad), OH(terrace) formation is favored over OH(step) formation, presumably because OH formed at terrace sites is more easily incorporated in a hydrogen bonded network of OH/H(2)O. This is a gradual process: with increasing θ(O) less OH(step) is formed. Thus, in spite of the fact that OH at step sites has a higher binding energy than OH at terrace sites, the possibility of the formation of OH at terrace sites actually inhibits the formation of OH at step sites, leaving O(step) as the most stable water dissociation product on the step.
Cognitive radio in a frequency-planned environment: some basic limits (2008)

The objective of this work is to assess some fundamental limits for opportunistic spectrum reuse via cognitive radio in a frequency-planned environment. We present a first-order analysis of the signal-to-noise-and-interference situation in a wireless cellular network, and analyze the impact of cognitive users starting to transmit. Two main conclusions emerge from our study. First, obtaining any substantial benefits from opportunistic spatial spectrum reuse in a frequency-planned network without causing substantial interference is going to be very challenging. Second, the cognitive users need to be more sensitive, by orders of magnitude, than the receivers in the primary system, especially if there is significant shadow fading. This latter problem can be alleviated by having cognitive users cooperate, but only if they are separated far apart so that they experience independent shadowing.
Changes in mRNA Expression for Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Liver of Dairy Cattle During the Transition to Lactation (2000)

The objective of this study was to profile phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) mRNA expression in the liver of dairy cattle during the peripartum transition and determine changes in abundance of these mRNA in response to protein fed during the prepartum period. Thirty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed diets containing either 12% crude protein (CP) and 26% rumen undegradable protein (RUP), 16% CP and 26% RUP, 16% CP and 33% RUP, or 16% CP and 40% RUP on a dry-matter basis beginning 28 d before expected calving. After calving, all cows were fed a common diet through 56 d in milk (DIM). Northern analysis of RNA from liver biopsy samples obtained on days -28, -14, +1, +28, and +56 relative to calving indicated that PC and PEPCK mRNA expression were responsive to onset of lactation but not to prepartum protein or RUP concentration. Abundance of PEPCK mRNA was similar at -28, -14, and +1 DIM but was elevated by +28 and +56 DIM relative to precalving levels. Liver PC mRNA abundance was elevated on +1 DIM, remained elevated through 28 DIM, and declined to precalving levels by 56 DIM. The activity of PC enzyme was correlated (r2 = 0.89) with PC mRNA abundance. The data demonstrate increased abundance of PC mRNA during the early transition period followed by increased abundance of PEPCK mRNA during the postpartum period and suggest increased potential metabolism of lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids that contribute to the liver pyruvate pool.
Crystal structure of 9,9-dimethyl-10-(N-phenylimino)-9,10-dihydro-anthracene,(CH3)2(C6H5N)C14H8 (1998)

Article Crystal structure of 9,9-dimethyl-10-(N-phenylimino)-9,10-dihydro-anthracene,(CH3)2(C6H5N)C14H8 was published on April 1, 1998 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 213, issue 1-4).
Dipole Moment Variation of a Petroleum Residue during Catalytic and Thermal Upgrading (2009)

Polarity and compositional characterization of fractions separated from catalytic upgrading and thermal reaction samples were performed to elucidate their similarities and differences. The colloidal stability of residues presented an inflection point at the end of the coke-induction period during both catalytic and thermal upgrading, which reveals that the colloidal stability of the residue has an intrinsic relationship to its coking characteristics. The parameters affecting the colloidal stability of samples were elucidated, including fraction composition, mean molecular weight, and mean dipole moment. In comparison to the thermal reaction, the asphaltenes content during catalytic upgrading increased more slowly during the coke-induction period. The asphaltenes that were extracted from catalytic reaction samples had both less molecular weight (MW) and less polarity than that of the thermal reaction. The results proved that the catalyst and hydrogen restrained asphaltene condensation. For the two kinds of reactions, the dipole moment of asphaltenes increased during the coke-induction period and decreased with the reaction time going on after that, which reveals that asphaltenes having more polarity preferred to aggregate and transform into coke.
The Lucent LambdaRouter: MEMS technology of the future here today (2002)

MEMS devices are beginning to impact almost every area of science and technology. In fields as disparate as wireless communications, automotive design, entertainment, and lightwave systems MEMS is increasingly becoming a key technology. In this article we discuss MEMS devices in general, show how and where they will be used in lightwave systems, and then show in detail how they are allowing a billion dollar business to be born, that of large all-optical crossconnects. In particular we highlight one particular device, the Lucent LambdaRouter, and show how it is built from the chip on up and discuss its performance and applications.
Ultra-thin chip with permalloy film for high performance MS/RF CMOS (2004)

In this paper, we describe the high analog performance of MOSFETs and inductors on 1.7/spl mu/m ultra-thin chip with permalloy film.
Efficient neocentromere formation is suppressed by gene conversion to maintain centromere function at native physical chromosomal loci in Candida albicans (2013)

CENPA/Cse4 assembles centromeric chromatin on diverse DNA. CENPA chromatin is epigenetically propagated on unique and different centromere DNA sequences in a pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Formation of neocentromeres on DNA, nonhomologous to native centromeres, indicates a role of non-DNA sequence determinants in CENPA deposition. Neocentromeres have been shown to form at multiple loci in C. albicans when a native centromere was deleted. However, the process of site selection for CENPA deposition on native or neocentromeres in the absence of defined DNA sequences remains elusive. By systematic deletion of CENPA chromatin-containing regions of variable length of different chromosomes, followed by mapping of neocentromere loci in C. albicans and its related species Candida dubliniensis, which share similar centromere properties, we demonstrate that the chromosomal location is an evolutionarily conserved primary determinant of CENPA deposition. Neocentromeres on the altered chromosome are always formed close to the site which was once occupied by the native centromere. Interestingly, repositioning of CENPA chromatin from the neocentromere to the native centromere occurs by gene conversion in C. albicans.
Two synthetic approaches for the preparation of tin(ii) dications (2017)

Examples of tin dications without closer contacts to the anion are rare, as are straightforward routes to weakly coordinated tin(ii) dication salts. Here we report on the synthesis of [Sn(MeCN)<sub>6</sub>][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (R<sup>F</sup> = C(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) via NO<sup>+</sup>-oxidation of tin metal. Subsequently, [Sn(MeCN)<sub>6</sub>][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> was used to prepare the mixed coordinated [Sn(pyr)<sub>2</sub>(MeCN)<sub>4</sub>][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> and [Sn(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-(MeCN)<sub>5</sub>][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·MeCN. Additionally, [Sn(dmap)<sub>4</sub>][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> was prepared via a reaction of dmap with [SnCp][Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)<sub>4</sub>]. The generality of the formation of tin(ii) dications by reacting [SnCp]<sup>+</sup> and L to give [SnL<sub>x</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> and SnCp<sub>2</sub> was investigated using DFT calculations. Extensions to [ECp*]<sup>+</sup> cations (E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) are also suggested to be useful for the preparation of E(ii) dications.
Cloud Points of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Poly(l-lactide), and Polystyrene in Supercritical Fluids (2005)

Cloud points were measured, using a high-pressure variable volume cell apparatus for poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(l-lactide) (PLA), and polystyrene (PS) in chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), trifluoromethane (HFC-23), difluoroethane (HFC-32), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), dimethyl ether (DME), and HCFC-22 + CO2. The cloud points were characterized as functions of pressure, temperature, and polymer molecular weight. The cloud points of these polymers were studied at temperatures ranging up to 413.2 K with various polymer concentrations and the solubility of the above-mentioned three polymers in DME was compared. Among all systems, the cloud point data for PCL + HCFC-22, PCL + DME, PLA + HCFC-22, PLA + HFC-23, PLA + DME, PS + DME, PCL + HCFC-22 + CO2, and PLA + HCFC-22 + CO2 exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, whereas those for PLA + HFC-152a and PLA + HFC-32 showed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior. The cloud point pressure of PLA and PCL in the HCFC-22 + CO2 system increased as the amount of CO2 increased. This suggests that the nonpolar CO2 could not solubilize the polar polymer. Thus, the cloud point of PLA and PCL can be controlled by the amount of adding CO2 as an antisolvent, and this can be applied to nanoparticle formation processes.
Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search on Privacy-aware Encoding of User Locations to Identify Susceptible Infections in Simulated Epidemics (2021)

Amidst an increasing number of infected cases during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is essential to trace, as early as possible, the susceptible people who might have been infected by the disease due to their close proximity with people who were tested positive for the virus. This early contact tracing is likely to limit the rate of spread of the infection within a locality. In this paper, we investigate how effectively and efficiently can such a list of susceptible people be found given a list of infected persons and their locations. By using the locations of the given list of infected persons as queries, we investigate the feasibility of applying approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) based indexing and retrieval approaches to obtain a list of top-k suspected users in real-time. Since leveraging information from true user location data can lead to privacy concerns, we also investigate the effectiveness of the ANN methods on privacy-aware encoding of the input data. Experiments conducted on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that the top-k susceptible users retrieved with existing ANN approaches (KD-tree and HNSW) yield satisfactory recall values and achieves up to 21000 × speed-gain compared to exhaustive search, thus indicating that ANN approaches can potentially be applied, in practice, to facilitate real-time contact tracing even under the presence of imposed privacy constraints.
Homotopy-Based Semi-Supervised Hidden Markov Tree for Texture Analysis (2006)

A semi-supervised hidden Markov tree (HMT) model is developed for texture analysis, incorporating both labeled and unlabeled data for training; the optimal balance between labeled and unlabeled data is estimated via the homotopy method. In traditional EM-based semi-supervised modeling, this balance is dictated by the relative size of labeled and unlabeled data, often leading to poor performance. Semi-supervised modeling may be viewed as a source allocation problem between labeled and unlabeled data, controlled by a parameter λ ∈ [0, 1], where λ = 0 and 1 correspond to the purely supervised HMT model and purely unsupervised HMT-based clustering, respectively. We consider the homotopy method to track a path of fixed points starting from λ = 0, with the optimal source allocation identified as a critical transition point where the solution is unsupported by the initial labeled data. Experimental results on real textures demonstrate the superiority of this method compared to the EM-based semi-supervised HMT training.
Intrinsic Insertion Limits of Graphene Oxide into Epoxy Resin and the Dielectric Behavior of Composites Comprising Truly 2D Structures (2019)

The composites of graphene oxide (GO) with epoxy resin were prepared via the homogeneous liquid phase transfer method, allowing uniform distribution and nearly fully exfoliated condition of GO in the matrix. The ∼0.6% GO content is the absolute maximum that can be inserted into the epoxy matrix (at the flakes’ size 5–20 μm) without sacrificing the exfoliation level of the 2D filler and the uniformity of the composition. Curing at 180 °C causes the in situ disproportionation, or so-called “thermal reduction” of GO in the matrix. The as-induced conductivity of GO flakes alters dielectric properties of composites via the Maxwell–Wagner polarization. For the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the dielectric properties of composite materials comprising truly 2D single-atomic-layer structures. They exhibit relatively low permittivity values that reach saturation at ∼0.2% filling fraction, and classical relaxation peaks on the imaginary part function at 0.3–0.4% GO content. The presented experimental data strongly suggest that the Maxwell–Wagner polarization is sufficiently suppressed in composites comprising truly 2D structures because of their interaction with the matrix. On the contrary, high permittivity values, reported simultaneously with the high loading fractions (>0.6% at the flakes’ size 5–20 μm), are indicative of the nonsingle-layer character and/or the aggregation of the 2D inclusion particles in the polymer matrix.
Effect of Salinity on Survival, Growth, Body Composition, Oxygen Consumption, and Ammonia Excretion of Juvenile Spotted Scat (2019)

Abstract The effects of five salinities (5, 10, 20, 30, and 35‰) on the survival, growth, body composition, oxygen consumption, and ammonia excretion of juvenile Spotted Scat Scatophagus argus (initial body size 3.3–3.4 cm body length and 2.0–2.3 g; final body size: 5.5–5.6 cm body length and 9.2–9.8 g) were studied. Salinity did not affect survival (&amp;gt;94%) or oxygen consumption rate (OCR) significantly, but it did affect growth, ammonia excretion rate (AER), and body composition. The growth rate was related to the combined effect of food intake (3.1–3.2%/d) and feed conversion efficiency (56.8–60.2%). The highest slope of the body length/weight with rearing time regression equation at 5‰ salinity was 0.0333/0.1137, which indicated that the growth rate of the fish at 5‰ salinity was higher than that of those at the other salinities for 70 d at 24.4 ± 0.4°C. The ammonia excretion rate decreased significantly with the increase of salinity. Low O:N ratios (5.6–19.2) occurred at salinities ranging from 5‰ to 35‰, indicating a protein-dominated catabolism. Salinity affected crude protein content significantly, and high salinity was beneficial to protein deposition. The results indicated that juvenile Spotted Scat could adapt to a wide range of salinity, from 5‰ to 35‰. However, it is recommended that juveniles be cultured at low salinity (5‰).