gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 64: A Tale of Seven EMS Systems: An Impedance Threshold Device and Improved CPR Techniques Double Survival Rates After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2007)

Introduction: Maximizing outcomes after cardiac arrest depends on optimizing a sequence of interventions from collapse to hospital discharge. The 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines recommended many new interventions during CPR (‘New CPR’) including use of an Impedance Threshold Device (ITD). Hypothesis: The combination of the ITD and ‘New CPR’ will increase return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and hospital discharge (HD) rates in patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: Quality assurance data were pooled from 7 emergency medical services (EMS) systems (Anoka Co., MN; Harris Co., TX; Madison, WI; Milwaukee, WI; Omaha, NE; Pinellas Co., FL; and Wake Co., NC) where the ITD (ResQPOD®, Advanced Circulatory Systems; Minneapolis, MN) was deployed for &gt;3 months. Historical or concurrent control data were used for comparison. The EMS systems simultaneously implemented ‘New CPR’ including compression/ventilation strategies to provide more compressions/min and continuous compressions during Advanced Life Support. All sites stressed the importance of full chest wall recoil. The sites have a combined population of ~ 3.2 M. ROSC data were available from all sites; HD data were available as of June 2007 from 5 sites (MN, TX, Milwaukee, NE, NC). Results: A total of 893 patients treated with ‘New CPR’ + ITD were compared with 1424 control patients. The average age of both study populations was 64 years; 65% were male. Comparison of the ITD vs controls (all patients) for ROSC and HD [Odds ratios (OR), (95% confidence intervals), and Fisher’s Exact Test] were: 37.9% vs 33.8% [1.2, (1.02, 1.40), p=0.022] and 15.7% vs 7.9% [2.2, (1.53, 3.07), p&lt;0.001], respectively. Patients with ventricular fibrillation had the best outcomes in both groups. Neurological outcome data are pending. Therapeutic hypothermia was used in some patients (MN, NC) after ROSC. Conclusion: Adoption of the ITD + ‘New CPR’ resulted in only a &gt;10% increase in ROSC rates but a doubling of hospital discharge rates, from 7.9% to 15.7%, (p&lt;0.001). These data represent a currently optimized sequence of therapeutic interventions during the performance of CPR for patients in cardiac arrest and support the widespread use of the 2005 AHA CPR Guidelines including use of the ITD.
Arteriovenous malformations (2011)

The most common measures of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity include the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the duration of loss of consciousness (LOC), and the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Post-traumatic seizures are usually divided into three categories: immediate, early seizures, and late seizures. Early seizures have a different pathogenesis than late seizures; early post-traumatic seizure (PTS) are thought to be due to mechanical damage to neurons, related to extravasated blood, brain swelling, and perioperative events from cerebral manipulation or stress from general anaesthesia and metabolic factors. The relative risks of epilepsy are raised twofold after a mild head injury and sevenfold after severe head injury, risks are slightly greater in women than in men, and are increased with older age at time of injury. Structural imaging has shown promise for improving prediction of PTS risk. Phenytoin has the most evidence to support its use to reduce early post-traumatic seizures.
Extracellularly Recorded Somatic and Neuritic Signal Shapes and Classification Algorithms for High-Density Microelectrode Array Electrophysiology (2016)

High-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEA) have been recently introduced to study principles of neural function at high spatial resolution. However, the exact nature of the experimentally observed extracellular action potentials (EAPs) is still incompletely understood. The soma, axon and dendrites of a neuron can all exhibit regenerative action potentials that could be sensed with HDMEA electrodes. Here, we investigate the contribution of distinct neuronal sources of activity in HDMEA recordings from low-density neuronal cultures. We recorded EAPs with HDMEAs having 11,011 electrodes and then fixed and immunostained the cultures with β3-tubulin for high-resolution fluorescence imaging. Immunofluorescence images overlaid with the activity maps showed EAPs both at neuronal somata and distal neurites. Neuritic EAPs had mostly narrow triphasic shapes, consisting of a positive, a pronounced negative peak and a second positive peak. EAPs near somata had wide monophasic or biphasic shapes with a main negative peak, and following optional positive peak. We show that about 86% of EAP recordings consist of somatic spikes, while the remaining 14% represent neuritic spikes. Furthermore, the adaptation of the waveform shape during bursts of these neuritic spikes suggested that they originate from axons, rather than from dendrites. Our study improves the understanding of HDMEA signals and can aid in the identification of the source of EAPs.
Downlink Power Control in Two-Tier Cellular OFDMA Networks Under Uncertainties: A Robust Stackelberg Game (2014)

We consider the problem of robust downlink power control in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) composed of macrocells and underlaying small cells. A non-cooperative setting is assumed where the macro base stations (MBSs) and small cell base stations (SBSs) compete with each other to maximize their own capacities considering imperfect channel state information. A robust Stackelberg game (RSG) is formulated to model this hierarchical competition where the MBSs and SBSs act as the leaders and the followers, respectively. The formulated RSG can be expressed as an equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). A comprehensive study of this RSG is provided considering various power constraints (e.g., total and spectral mask), various interference constraints (e.g., individual and global), and different uncertainty models (e.g., column-wise and ellipsoidal). We show how the different constraints and uncertainty models change the property of the game (e.g., Nash equilibrium problem (NEP) or generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP)) and accordingly impact the choice of analysis method (e.g., game theory or variational inequality (VI)), solution (e.g., closed-form or numerical), and the design of algorithms and their distributive properties (e.g., totally distributed, semi-distributed, and centralized). A robust Stackelberg equilibrium (RSE) is considered to be the solution and its existence and uniqueness are investigated. Also, algorithms are proposed to arrive at the RSE. Numerical results show the effectiveness of robust solutions in an imperfect information environment.
An Integrated CAD Framework Linking VLSI Layout Editors and Process Simulators (1995)

This thesis presents an Integrated CAD Framework which links VLSI layout editors to lithographic simulators and provides information on the simulated resolution of a feature to the circuit designer. This will help designers to design more compact circuits, as they will be able to see the effect on manufactured silicon. The Framework identifies areas in a layout (in Magic or CIF format) that are more prone to problemsmask for a particular set of process parameters. The designer can modify the original layout based arising out of the photolithographic process. It then creates the corresponding in-puts for closer analysis with a process simulator (Depict) and analyzes the simulator outputs to decide whether the printed layout will match the designed upon this analysis. The Framework has been used to evaluate layouts for various process techniques. These evaluations illustrate the use of the Framework in determining the limits of any lithographic process.
Suicidal Intent in Self-Injury (1977)

The difficulties in measuring suicidal intent in cases of self-injury are discussed, and a scale is described to measure this intent. This scale has been used in 500 cases of self-injury. It is practical and reliable. Results show that the scores derived from it are closely related to the similar Beck Scale; they are also related to age, sex, social isolation method of self-injury, previous history of self-injury or of psychiatric treatment, physical health at the time of self-injury and alcohol abuse. These results are discussed with particular reference to suicide prediction and the future validation of the scale by long-term follow-up.
Adaptive Provision of CSI Feedback in OFDMA Systems (2006)

We address the problem of channel state information (CSI) feedback for scheduling the downlink (DL) data transmissions in a cellular system based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In order to benefit from multi-user diversity, the scheduler needs to know each user's CSI for each subchannel and time frame. However, this feedback information can become very high when the number of subchannels and/or users increase. Therefore, we have designed an adaptive feedback encoding method which can optimize the amount of feedback according to the variable amount of CSI requested by the base station (BS). The amount of useful CSI depends not only on the number of users, but also on the scheduling made at the BS. The simulation results show that with our adaptive encoding scheme, the performance of maximum CSI and proportional fair scheduling (PFS) with full CSI can be approached with a considerably reduced amount of feedback
On the degree of Boolean functions as real polynomials (1992)

Every boolean function may be represented as a real polynomial. In this paper we characterize the degree of this polynomial in terms of certain combinatorial properties of the boolean function.
Accelerated Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in a Wet Environment (2000)

Svensjö, Tor; Pomahac, Bohdan M.D.; Yao, Feng Ph.D.; Slama, Jaromir M.D.; Eriksson, Elof M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Early Resection of Heterotopic Ossification after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review of the Literature (2002)

Early excision of heterotopic ossification was performed in 8 patients at an average of 10.2 months after total hip arthroplasty. All patients received a single irradiation dose of 7Gy the day before the operation, followed by oral indomethacin (3x25mg/day) for six weeks. Continuous passive mobilization under epidural anesthesia was started immediately post-operatively. At an average follow-up of 2 years none of them had radiographic or clinical evidence of recurrence. Consequently we recommend resection as soon as there are severe clinical implications, even when bone scans indicate immaturity of the heterotopic ossification and provided that the resection is combined with proper non-surgical treatment consisting of irradiation and oral indomethacin and immediate extensive rehabilitation program.
Smoking History Is More Highly Associated with Perforated Peptic Ulcer Than the Rate of Helocobacter pylori Infection (2016)

Introduction: Perforated peptic ulcer disease is a relatively common surgical emergency. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease in one institution to evaluate factors associated with ulcer perforation. Methods: A retrospective review of patients from April 2012 to March 2016 with perforated peptic ulcers was performed. Data collected from the medical records includes age, gender, BMI, operation, perforation site, Helicobacter pylori infection status, smoking history, steroid use, NSAID use, morbidity and mortality. Results: A total of 76 patients (62 men and 14 women) were included in this study. Perforation sites include the duodenal bulb (n=56), second portion of the duodenum (n=1), prepyloric area (n=4), gastric body (n=12), and gastric fundus (n=2). Of these, 69 underwent operation and seven were treated non-operatively. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 70% in patients with duodenal perforation and 63% in patients with gastric perforation. The prevalence of smoking was 82% in duodenal perforations and 87% in gastric perforations. Steroid use was 2% in duodenal and 11% in gastric perforations. NSAID use was 9% in duodenal and 17% in gastric perforations. In patients with either duodenal or gastric perforation, the prevalence of a smoking history was higher than the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusion: Perforated peptic ulcer disease is a common surgical emergency. Etiologic factors associated with perforation have been reported, including Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. In the present study, smoking history is the predominant risk factor in patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease, among risk factors including Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and steroid use. This result is significant because Japan is known have a higher rate of Helicobacter pylori than in high income countries. Well-known risk factors including NSAID and steroid use were less associated with perforation in this study. Smoking history is the risk factor most highly associated with perforation.
Electronic states of chemically treated SiC surfaces (2008)

Electronic states at chemically treated SiC surfaces have been studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Charge accumulation on the surface is deduced through a voltage shift observed in the spectra. More charge is observed on electropolished surfaces as compared to untreated (as-received) surfaces. This difference is interpreted in terms of the electropolished SiC surfaces being more insulating than as-received ones, such that on the former the transport of charge is limited and surface charges cannot come into equilibrium with the bulk semiconductor. Observations of tunneling spectra on SiC prepared by various amounts of hydrogen etching are used to support this interpretation.
Crystal structure of (S)-1-[bis(diphenylphosphino)amino]-2-(methoxymethyl) pyrrolidine, C30H32N2OP2 (1999)

conformation is preferred when the R and/or R' substituents are large. As expected, R and R' being rather large, the C s conformation was found for this ligand in the present investigation. Table 1. Data collection and handling.
A Short Enantioselective Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Muscarine Alkaloids from 1,4-Hexadiene (2002)

Short enantioselective syntheses of naturally occurring muscarine alkaloids 1a-d starting from (Z)-1,4-hexadiene (2) and its E-configured isomer 4 have been devised. Key transformations in both sequences were (i) asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,4-hexadienes 2 and 4 and (ii) application of a novel diastereoselective bromoetherification of (2S,3R)-5-hexene-2,3-diol (3) (40% ee) and (2S,3S)-5-hexene-2,3-diol (5) (90% ee) which was initiated by a vanadium(V)-catalyzed oxidation of bromide using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as primary oxidant.
P3‐467: PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING A CLINICAL MODEL OF LATENT NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES IN COMMUNITY‐DWELLING OLDER ADULTS (2018)

Older adults show heterogeneity in their cognitive profiles reflecting both normative and illness-related factors. The aim of this study was to identify distinct subgroups of older adults based on their neuropsychological performance, and to establish each subgroup's demographic and clinical characteristics. We applied latent class analysis to identify subgroups using 10 baseline neuropsychological assessments in 1,345 Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants free of dementia. The EAS is a study of community-dwelling adults age 70 or older, living in the Bronx, NY. Age, sex, and education were included as covariates in the class-formation. We used goodness-of-fit statistics to identify the optimal class solution and assess model adequacy. We also validated our model using two-fold split-half cross-validation. The 5-class and the 9-class solutions had the best fits. Both solutions were reliable and associated with external predictors. The 9-class solution presented a more thorough description of the population, while the 5-class solution adequately condensed the nine classes into five clinically meaningful ones: High Risk (n = 107), Low Average/ poor Memory (n = 457), Average (n = 539), Dysexecutive Function (n = 118), and Elite (n = 124). Figure 1 displays the patterns of scores across neuropsychological domains of Language, Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Executive Function, and Processing Speed, for each of the classes. Baseline prevalence rates (Table 1) for aMCI ranged from 0.8% in the Elite class to 21.5% in the High-Risk class, rates for naMCI ranged from 0 in the Elite class to 27.1% in the High-Risk class; and rates for Dysexecutive Function ranged from 0 in the elite class to 86.9% in the High-Risk class. Patterns of scores across neuropsychological domains of Language, Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Executive Function, and Processing Speed, for each of the classes. Note. Class 1 = High Risk. Class 2 = Low Average/ poor Memory. Memory. Class 3 = Average. Class 4 = Dysexecutive Function. Class 5 = Elite. Language = CAT; letter fluency; Boston Naming Task. Primary Memory = Digit Span. Secondary Memory = Free Recall; Logical Memory. Processing Speed = Trail Making Test A; Digit Symbol Coding. Executive Function = Trail Making Test B; Block Design. We identified groups that are more likely to be at risk for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The identification of homogeneous groups would ultimately help in advancing the assembling of cohorts needed for meaningful trails.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (–)-Microcarpalide, a Novel Fungal Metabolite Targeting Actin Microfilament (2004)

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6-Mercapto-FAD and 6-thiocyanato-FAD as active site probes of phenol hydroxylase (1991)

Recently, the synthesis and properties of several 6-substituted flavins as active site probes for flavoproteins have been reported (Ghisla, S., Massey, V., and Yagi, K. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3282-3289). Here, we report results of experiments in which 6-thiocyanato-FAD and 6-mercapto-FAD have been substituted for the native flavin of phenol hydroxylase. The 6-SCN-FAD enzyme was converted spontaneously to the 6-mercaptoflavin form probably due to dissociation of flavin, followed by attack of external protein thiols. The pK alpha values of uncomplexed and phenol-bound 6-mercapto-FAD enzyme were determined. Both the spontaneously formed 6-mercapto-FAD enzyme and the enzyme reconstituted with preformed 6-mercapto-FAD were treated with a variety of thiol-specific reagents, and reaction rates were followed by spectroscopic means. Comparison with the corresponding rates found with free flavin suggested a high degree of accessibility to the flavin 6-position. Accessibility was somewhat decreased in the presence of phenol. Upon treatment with low concentrations of methyl methanethiosulfonate or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), extremely rapid spectral changes were apparent. The former reaction, however, was reversed spontaneously within 2 h. Reaction with NEM was biphasic, with spectral changes consistent with the mechanism previously proposed (Steenkamp, D. J., McIntire, W., and Kenney, W. C. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 2818-2824), followed by a small absorbance decrease due to protein conformational changes. The NEM reaction is unusual, being easily reversed by addition of excess dithiothreitol.
Anti Pneumococcal Antibody Activity in Nasopharyngeal Secretions in Healthy Adults and Children (1993)

The local antibody activity to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B was measured in nasopharyngeal secretions from 20 healthy adults and 43 children, 1-3 years of age, 14 of whom were healthy and 29 were at risk for developing recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (RAOM) according to the criteria described below. In children, anti pneumococcal IgA and IgG antibody activity was of the same magnitude in both groups. Adults showed significantly higher specific IgA activity. Antibody activity of the IgG isotype was also higher in adults, possibly reflecting the higher serum antibody levels. The children at risk of developing RAOM had significantly higher levels of secretory component (SC) in their nasopharyngeal secretions. Our data suggest that local immunity in the nasopharynx is not fully developed in young children, which might contribute to bacterial survival and colonization in the region.
P2Y Receptor-Mediated Stimulation of Muller Glial Cell DNA Synthesis: Dependence on EGF and PDGF Receptor Transactivation (2003)

The present data suggest that P2Y-receptor-induced mitogenic signaling in Müller cells is mediated by transactivation of the PDGF and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases. The transactivation may be mediated by release of PDGF and MMP-dependent shedding of HB-EGF from the Müller cell matrix, respectively. The transactivation of the receptor tyrosine kinases may result in activation of ERK1/2 and PI3 kinase and an increase in the proliferation rate.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Nanocrystalline ZnS:Mn2+ (2001)

The influence of the synthesis conditions on the properties of nanocrystalline ZnS:Mn2+ is discussed. Different Mn2+ precursors and different ratios of the precursor concentrations [S2-]/[Zn2+] were used. The type of Mn2+ precursor does not have an effect on the luminescence properties in the synthesis method described. On going from an excess of [Zn2+] to an excess of [S2-] during the synthesis, the particle diameter increases from 3.7 to 5.1 nm, which is reflected by a change in the luminescence properties. Photoluminescence measurements also showed the absence of the ZnS defect luminescence around 450 nm when an excess [S2-] is used during the synthesis. This effect is explained by the filling of sulfur vacancies. The ZnS luminescence is quenched with an activation energy of 62 meV, which is assigned to the detrapping of a bound hole from such a vacancy.
Key elements of the chemistry of cytochrome P-450: The oxygen rebound mechanism (1985)

Diagnostic substrates for cytochrome P-450, synthetic models of the active site, and oxidations with synthetic metalloporphyrins. From the "State of the Art Symposium: Bioinorganic Chemistry", held at the ACS meeting, Miami, 1985.
Distribution and characterization of Streptomyces species causing potato common scab in Germany (2012)

Field‐grown potatoes showing scab infections were sampled in two successive years and analysed for prevailing Streptomyces strains. In 2008 and 2009, 293 Streptomyces isolates were collected in Germany and analysed for morphology, pathogenicity and strain type. Isolates varied in mycelium colour, sporulation and pigmentation. Based on their morphology, no clear differentiation of species was possible. At the genetic level, sampled isolates, as well as a number of type strains from culture collections, were characterized by PCR using 16S rRNA‐specific primers and PCR‐RFLP of the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with Hpy 99I. Using this fingerprinting approach, Streptomyces species could be differentiated genotypically. The data from this study show that diversity among scab‐causing species in Germany is much higher than previously thought. Isolates belonged to various Streptomyces spp. previously associated with common scab. This is apparently the first report of pathogenic strains of S. europaeiscabiei , S. stelliscabiei , S. acidiscabiei, S. turgidiscabiei and S. bottropensis within Germany. Streptomyces europaeiscabiei was the predominant species found. Other scab‐causing species were identified, but their local distribution was uneven. For most of the isolates, the presence of the txtAB gene was demonstrated, indicating pathogenicity. This analysis is one of the first reports to examine the distribution of common scab‐causing species in Germany.