gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Portable System for Upset and Transient Upset Testing of VLSI Circuits (1982)

A portable system for testing VLSI circuits for both transient and permanent data upsets is described. The description includes both a general discussion of the system concept as well as the detailed design of a system capable of testing 64 data lines. A partially populated system using eight data lines has been built and used to verify system performance by testing a CMOS/SOS random access memory exposed to pulsed radiation from a linear accelerator. The test results on the memory are also discussed.
Silicon Nanowire All-Around Gate MOSFETs Built on a Bulk Substrate by All Plasma-Etching Routes (2011)

A gate length of 25 nm and a silicon nanowire (SiNW) with a width of 6 nm and a height of 10 nm fully surrounded by a gate are demonstrated. A suspended SiNW, which is fully depleted, is fabricated on a bulk substrate by employing the deep reactive-ion etching process known as the Bosch process. The electrical characteristics and short-channel effects (SCEs) of the SiNW MOSFETs with all-around gates are presented. The fabricated devices show excellent immunity against SCEs despite their being built on a bulk substrate and having gate lengths scaled down to the 25-nm regime. Improved electrostatic characteristics that suppress the SCEs are shown when the dimension of the SiNW is reduced.
Noble Gas Adsorption in Copper Trimesate, HKUST-1: An Experimental and Computational Study (2013)

A joint experimental and computational study of noble gas adsorption in the metal–organic framework (MOF) material HKUST-1 has been carried out. Using a standard gas adsorption analyzer fitted with a cryostat, isotherms were measured for Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne at optimum temperatures for the determination of loading-dependent heats of adsorption using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Direct calorimetric measurements for Kr and Xe adsorption provide comparable heats of adsorption. A detailed analysis of the experimental data alongside complementary grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations led to the conclusion that the strongest binding for noble gases occurs in and around the small tetrahedral pockets and not at the accessible Cu(II) sites in the structure. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction experiments with in situ gas loading confirm the assignment of preferred binding sites inferred from the adsorption measurements and simulations.
Instantaneous Value Sampling AC-DC Converter and its Application in Power Quantity Detection (2011)

In order to speed up the response of the power quantity detection, to adopt instantaneous value sampling method make up the AC-DC converter that use in power quantity detection system is researched. There, the DC voltage is obtained by fixed-point sampling each cycle of the power quantity. The feasibility is proved by the simulation analysis. Composing the power quantity transducer with it, the response time may reduce a number magnitude compared to the traditional power quantity transducer, composing the power data acquisition system with it, the software architecture can be simplified effectively. The power quantity transducer and the power data acquisition system composed in this way are promising to be used in the power system control and protection where demanding the response is rapid.
45.1: Invited Paper : Future Possibilities of Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, Especially C ‐Axis‐Aligned Crystalline IGZO (2015)

Through detailed analyses, the structure of c‐axis‐aligned crystalline (CAAC) IGZO, which is a dense, stable crystal morphology, is found to differ from single‐crystal and amorphous structures. We propose a model for determining its film deposition mechanism. CAAC‐IGZO field‐effect transistors find application in displays for use as human‐machine interfaces.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of MUC1 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Recurrent Colorectal Adenoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Endpoint titers of plasma antibodies at week 12 amongst vaccine responders&lt;/p&gt;
QS9: Decellularization Of Vascularized Composite Allografts In The Rat (2021)

Purpose: The decellularization of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) represents a first step in circumventing the need for immunosuppression by depleting donor cells from VCAs. Here we present a model of decellularization of VCAs in rats. Methods: Rat hind limbs based upon the common femoral artery were harvested and perfused through the vascular pedicle at 1ml/min through with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (group 1) or 0.2% SDS (group 2) or were immersed in SDS 1% (group 3), followed by perfusion (group 1 and 2) or immersion (group 3) in 1% Triton X-100. The degree of decellularization was assessed quantitatively by determining DNA content and qualitatively by histology in all groups at the same locations. The group yielding best decellularization outcome was selected for further assessment for the preservation of ECM content and vasculature and was transplanted orthotopically to assess the ability to reperfuse these decellularized limbs in vivo. RESULTS - Gross examination and DNA quantification of less than 50 ng/mg tissue demonstrated successful decellularization only in group 2 while preserving tissue matrix architecture, including vessels. The arterial network was found to be perfusable and intact during in vivo orthotopic transplantation of the decellularized limb. No outflow was observed, however, after 115 minutes of arterial reperfusion. Conclusions: We describe a successful decellularization protocol for rat hindlimb VCAs by perfusion ex-vivo of 1% SDS. During its in vivo transplantation, decellularization alone allows for a perfusable arterial network and with further optimization, we aim to achieve venous perfusion as well.
C08 Basic characteristics of pulse tube engine (2^<nd> Report) (2005)

The Striling engine is the composition of 2 pistons in 2 cylinders or 2 pistons in 1 cylinder except for a double acting type engine. Heater, regenerator and cooler are installed between 2 pistons. In the meantime, the pulse tube engine consists of 1 piston in 1 cylinder, 2^<nd> cooler, pulse tube, heater, regenerator, and cooler. Therefore, the composition resembles the Stirling engine well. So, the engine composition is more simplified, and then, the miniaturization becomes possible. In this paper, in order to improve the performance, the bypass using capillary tube is established during pulse tube and cooler division, and the inertance using capillary tube is installed in 2^<nd> cooler. Effects of the bypass and inertance tube geometries on the engine performance are respectively examined experimentally. As the result, the excellent effects of the bypass and inertance have been confirmed.
Multi-Grid Methods for Reinforcement Learning in Controlled Diffusion Processes (1996)

Reinforcement learning methods for discrete and semi-Markov decision problems such as Real-Time Dynamic Programming can be generalized for Controlled Diffusion Processes. The optimal control problem reduces to a boundary value problem for a fully nonlinear second-order elliptic differential equation of HamiltonJacobi -Bellman (HJB-) type. Numerical analysis provides multigrid methods for this kind of equation. In the case of Learning Control, however, the systems of equations on the various grid-levels are obtained using observed information (transitions and local cost). To ensure consistency, special attention needs to be directed toward the type of time and space discretization during the observation. An algorithm for multi-grid observation is proposed. The multi-grid algorithm is demonstrated on a simple queuing problem.
Totalsynthese des Antitumor‐Antibioticums WF‐3161 (1989)

Zu den in vitro wirkungsvollsten Cytostatica gehört das Cyclotetrapeptid WF‐3161 2 . – Nach stereoselektivem Aufbau des linearen Z‐Tetrapeptid‐pentafluorphenylesters 1 wird der Ring bei der katalytischen Hydrierung in 74% Ausbeute geschlossen. Umwandlung des Chlorketals in ein Epoxyketon vervollständigt die Synthese des Naturstoffs. magnified image
Pressurized extraction of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids from wet Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeodactylum tricornutum biomass using subcritical liquids (2018)

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the extraction of lipids, for example, mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as carotenoids, from wet microalgae biomass using pressurized subcritical extraction solvents, which meet the requirements of food and feed applications. To demonstrate the effect of the solvent and temperature on the lipid yield, we chose two microalgae species, viz. Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeodactylum tricornutum , differing in their biochemical composition fundamentally. In case of P. tricornutum, ethanol showed the highest fatty acid yield of 85.9% w/w. In addition to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the ethanolic extracts contained exceptional amounts of fucoxanthin (up to 26.1 mg/g d. w.), which can be beneficial to protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation processes and in terms of human nutrition. For C. vulgaris , a fatty acid yield of 76.5% w/w was achieved from wet biomass using ethyl acetate at 150°C. In general, an increase in the extraction temperature up to 150°C was found to be important in terms of fatty acid yield when extracting wet microalgae biomass. The results suggest that it is possible to efficiently extract both fatty acids and carotenoids from wet microalgae by selecting suitable solvents and thus circumvent energy‐intensive drying of the biomass.
Laser-doped local back surface field (2011)

Solar cell rear surface designs have become highly important due to significantly improved front surface designs in commercial solar cells and to the reduced wafer thicknesses used to reduce material cost. Most rear surface designs reported in literature are based on high quality passivation and a local back surface field. The formation of local back surface fields traditionally includes complicated and expensive processes such as photolithography and additional diffusion processes. This paper investigates a simple and relatively cheap method to create a local back surface field using laser doping.
Analysis and characterization of the retrieval algorithm for measuring tropospheric CO using the MOPITT instrument (1996)

We have developed a retrieval algorithm for deriving the tropospheric CO profile and column amount from the radiances measured by the Measurements of Pollution in the troposphere instrument. The main components of the algorithm are a fast radiative transfer model, based on the GENLN2 line-by-line model, and a maximum likelihood inversion method. The retrieval a priori information is derived from the results of several aircraft in situ measurements and a 3D chemical- transport model. This paper discusses the CO retrieval algorithm with an emphasis on the analysis and characterization of the algorithm. Forward model and retrieval sensitivities, along with the a priori information used in the retrieval are discussed in terms of their orthogonal components. Examples of ensemble retrieval experiments are also included.
CO2 Laser Surgery in Laryngeal Cancers: Three Year Results (1991)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relapse-free survival and the overall survival at three years of 39 laryngeal cancers (10 T1 and 29 small recurrent carcinomas with mobile vocal cord) operated on by CO2 laser surgery at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan from 1982 to 1987. The 10 patients with T1 cancers had two local recurrences, whereas the 29 patients with recurrent carcinomas had 14 local recurrences. Local relapses occurred in 2/16 patients with cancer limited to the vocal cord and in 9/17 patients with glottic tumors extended to the anterior commissure or to the ventricular band or to the arytenoid. Supraglottic cancers recurred in 3/4 patients. The authors conclude that transoral laser surgery is an effective modality for treatment of T1 primary and small recurrent carcinomas of the larynx, when limited to the middle third of the vocal cord.
Canopy structure and imaging geometry may create unique problems during spectral reflectance measurements of crop canopies in bioregenerative advanced life support systems (2007)

Abstract Human exploration missions to the Moon or Mars might be helped by the development of a bioregenerative advanced life-support (ALS) system that utilizes higher plants to regenerate water, oxygen and food. In order to make bioregenerative ALS systems competitive to physiochemical life-support systems, the ‘equivalent system mass’ (ESM) must be reduced by as much as possible. One method to reduce the ESM of a bioregenerative ALS system would be to deploy an automated remote sensing system within plant production modules to monitor crop productivity and disease outbreaks. The current study investigated the effects of canopy structure and imaging geometries on the efficiency of measuring the spectral reflectance of individual plants and crop canopies in a simulated ALS system. Results indicate that canopy structure, shading artefacts and imaging geometries are likely to create unique challenges in developing an automated remote sensing system for ALS modules. The cramped quarters within ALS plant growth units will create problems in collecting spectral reflectance measurements from the nadir position (i.e. directly above plant canopies) and, thus, crop canopies likely will be imaged from a diversity of orientations relative to the primary illumination source. In general, highly reflective white or polished surfaces will be used within an ALS plant growth module to maximize the stray light that is reflected onto plant canopies. Initial work suggested that these highly reflective surfaces might interfere with the collection of spectral reflectance measurements of plants, but the use of simple remote sensing algorithms such as 760/685 band ratios or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images greatly reduced the effects of the reflective backgrounds. A direct comparison of 760/685 and NDVI images from canopies of lettuce, pepper and tomato plants indicated that unique models of individual plants are going to be required to properly assess the health conditions of canopies. A mixed model of all three plant species was not effective in predicting plant stress using either the 760/685 or NDVI remote sensing algorithms.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation: paradigm change or just another device in the surgeon’s toolbox? (2023)

The common denominator for virtually all episodes of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease is the loss of the barrier that confines the distal esophagus to the stomach. Factors important in maintaining the function of the barrier are its pressure, length and position. In early reflux disease, overeating, gastric distention and delayed gastric emptying led to a transient loss of the barrier. A permanent loss of the barrier occurs from inflammatory injury to the muscle allowing free flow of gastric juice into the esophageal body. Corrective therapy requires augmentation or restoration of the barrier referred to more commonly as the lower esophageal sphincter.
Detection of Salmonella by Using the Colorimetric DNA/rRNA Sandwich Hybridization in Microtiter Wells. (2000)

A rapid and readily available DNA probe kit was developed for the detection of Salmonella spp. This kit utilized the colorimetric DNA/rRNA sandwich hybridization method in microtiter wells. Within 3 hr Salmonella spp. in selective enrichment broth cultures were detected by the DNA probe kit. The kit effectively identified all of 187 strains of Salmonella tested and yielded no false-positive reactions in the examination of 674 pure cultures of non-salmonellae. The DNA probe kit could detect 10(5) cfu/ml in pure culture. A total of 379 naturally contaminated samples (raw chicken meat, liquid egg, animal feeds, poultry feces and frozen foods) were tested, both by the standard culture method and the DNA probe kit. The 169 of these samples were culture positive and 210 were culture negative. The sensitivity of the DNA probe kit was 98.2% (166/169) and the specificity was 99.5% (209/210). These results show that the DNA probe kit is a useful tool to examine a large number of various samples for contamination by Salmonella spp. in food and livestock industry.
Central projections of the sciatic, saphenous, median, and ulnar nerves of the rat demonstrated by transganglionic transport of choleragenoid‐HRP (B‐HRP) and wheat germ agglutinin‐HRP (WGA‐HRP) (1991)

The central projections of the rat sciatic, saphenous, median, and ulnar nerves were labeled by injecting each nerve with 0.05 mg B-HRP, or 0.5 mg WGA-HRP, or a mixture of both. The B-HRP labeled large dorsal root ganglion cells (30-50 microns) and, correspondingly, 98% of axons labeled in a rootlet were meyelinated; although all sizes of myelinated axons were labeled, a greater proportion fell in the large ranges (2-6.5 microns axon diameter) than in the small ranges (0.5-2 microns). Primary afferents labeled with B-HRP were distributed in laminae I, III, IV, and V of the dorsal horn and extended into the intermediate grey and the ventral horn; Clarke's column and the respective dorsal column nuclei were also densely labeled. Motoneurons of the nerve were densely labeled by B-HRP, including extensive regions of their dendritic trees. In contrast, WGA-HRP labeled small dorsal root ganglion cells (15-25 microns) and in the dorsal rootlets, 84% of the labeled axons were nonmyelinated; the small population of labeled myelinated afferents mainly fell within the smaller ranges (0.5-2.0 microns). Terminal fields of WGA-HRP labeled afferents were restricted to the superficial dorsal horn (laminae I-III), and to limited regions in the dorsal column nuclei. Sciatic nerve projections traced by labeling with B-HRP alone or in combination with WGA-HRP were more extensive than previously described when using either native HRP or WGA-HRP. Afferents to the dorsal horn extended from L1-S1, to Clarke's nucleus from T8-L1, to the ventral horn from L2-L5, and extended throughout the medial and dorsal region of the gracilie nucleus. Motoneurons were found from L4-L6. Using the same tracers, saphenous projections extended in the superficial dorsal horn from caudal L1 to rostral L4, in the deep dorsal horn to mid L4 and along the length of the central part of the gracilie nucleus. The median nerve projected to the internal basilar nucleus from C1-C6, the dorsal horn from C3-T2, Clarke's nucleus from T1-T6, the external cuneate nucleus, and a large central area throughout the length of the cuneate nucleus. Motoneurons were located in dorsolateral and ventrolateral nuclear groups from C4 through C8. The ulnar nerve projections were less extensive but also included the internal basilar nucleus from C1-C6, the medial region of the dorsal horn from C4-T1, Clarke's nucleus from T1-T6, the external cuneate nucleus, and the medial part of the cuneate nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in renal‐transplant recipients is associated with increased circulating Adrenomedullin (2006)

RTR present with an increased ADM is likely related to cardiac diastolic dysfunction. In view of its protective effect on the cardiovascular system, these data support further studies to better define the role and the therapeutic potential of ADM after renal transplantation.
Identification of shock characteristics in hard disk drive by using time-frequency signal processing technique (2002)

A transient signal processing technique using Wigner distribution (WD) is applied to identify the dynamic characteristics when a disk drive system is subject to external shock vibration. It is shown that the smoothed WD technique essentially reveals the propagating characteristics of shock vibration on the specified position of disk drive system as well as head-slap and lift-off phenomena. A parametric investigation for the shock spectrum of suspension is also presented to provide a useful guideline for the shock-resistant disk drive design.
Gradient-based iterative image reconstruction scheme for time-resolved optical tomography (1999)

Currently available tomographic image reconstruction schemes for optical tomography (OT) are mostly based on the limiting assumptions of small perturbations and a priori knowledge of the optical properties of a reference medium. Furthermore, these algorithms usually require the inversion of large, full, ill-conditioned Jacobian matrixes. In this work a gradient-based iterative image reconstruction (GIIR) method is presented that promises to overcome current limitations. The code consists of three major parts: 1) A finite-difference, time-resolved, diffusion forward model is used to predict detector readings based on the spatial distribution of optical properties; 2) An objective function that describes the difference between predicted and measured data; 3) An updating method that uses the gradient of the objective function in a line minimization scheme to provide subsequent guesses of the spatial distribution of the optical properties for the forward model. The reconstruction of these properties is completed, once a minimum of this objective function is found. After a presentation of the mathematical background, two- and three-dimensional reconstruction of simple heterogeneous media as well as the clinically relevant example of ventricular bleeding in the brain are discussed. Numerical studies suggest that intraventricular hemorrhages can be detected using the GIIR technique, even in the presence of a heterogeneous background.
IBM Data Communications: A Quarter Century of Evolution and Progress (1981)

This paper describes the evolution of technological development in data communications at IBM. Rather than attempting to present a complete history, it emphasizes the changing environment and describes the more significant innovations that were incorporated in IBM's line of data communications products. Evolutionary developments in this area are traced from point-to-point batch transmission, to on-line batch communications, to interactive systems, and finally to networking. Although several aspects are treated, the primary focus of this account is on systems architecture, applications, and technology.
Metrics for focusing in extremely noisy scanning electron microscopy condition (2004)

Finding a best focused image in very noisy condition is an extremely difficult task for the SEM user. If a performance, which is much higher than that of an expert in focusing, can be achieved in a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (SEM), it will be very helpful for our field due to the many possible applications. To accomplish this work, we employ a powerful metric-the covariance obtained by a special scanning method. It can select the best focused image from a series of SEM images acquired by altering the focus of the objective lens under an extremely noisy SEM image condition. The noise immunity of the present method is quantitatively evaluated, and it is further improved based on the obtained evaluation result.