gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Cells Expressing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and B7 Activation Molecules Stimulate Potent Tumor-Specific Immunity (1993)

In previous studies we have shown that the highly malignant mouse SaI sarcoma can be converted into an immunogenic tumor that is immunologically rejected by the autologous host if the tumor cells are transfected with and express syngeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. Tumor cells expressing class II heterodimers truncated for the cytoplasmic regions of the alpha and beta chains, however, are as malignant as wild-type class II- tumors. These studies have contributed to the hypothesis that T-cell activation requires two signals: the engagement of the MHC class II/peptide complex of the antigen-presenting cell (APC) by the T cell receptor for antigen of the responding T cell and the transmittal of a second, or costimulatory, signal by the APC to the responding T cell. In this report we show that induction of tumor-specific immunity is facilitated by delivery of a costimulatory signal provided by the B7 activation molecule. Mice challenged with SaI cells bearing truncated class II molecules and transfected with B7 cDNA are immune to the transfectants and are protected against a challenge of wild-type class II-B7- ascites or solid SaI tumor. The induced immunity requires CD4+ T cells and is specific for the immunizing sarcoma cells. These results highlight the critical role of the B7 costimulatory pathway in stimulating long-term, tumor-specific immunity that is effective against high doses of challenging wild-type tumor and suggest a strategy for enhancing tumor rejection.
Frequency of Potato Genotypes with Multiple Quantitative pest resistane in 4x*2x Crosses. (1999)

Diploid potato breeding populations with quantitatively inherited traits related to pest resistance were selected. These lines were further crossed to 4x cultivars via FDR 2n pollen to examine the level of transmission of variable traits including the resistance to bacterial wilt (BW), potato tuber moth (PTM), and root-knot nematodes (RKN). Transmission of quantitative traits including late blight (LB) resistance and the presence of glandular trichomes which confer general insect resistance in tetraploid genotypes was also examined in the 4x × 2x progeny. All the quantitative traits except for the resistance to PTM were transmitted to progeny with a high frequency of resistant progenies. Among 557 clones from 4x × 2x crosses, 114 clones showed a combination of two types of quantitative resistance traits in a single clone. Four types of cornbinations, BW + RKN (85 clones), LB + BW (14 clones), BW + glandular trichonres (1 clone), and RKN + glandular trichomes (14 clones), were identified. Our results indicated that: 1) the transmission of combined quantitative traits related to pest resistance was possible via FDR 2n pollen; and 2) quantitative traits related to LB resistance and the presence of glandular trichomes could be transmitted to progeny with a high frequency.
3218 EMC design of MRI compatible actuator and development of needle insertion robot (2007)

Development of surgical mechatronics system under MRI environment is now becoming popular to realize minimally invasive treatment. We developed an MRI compatible needle insertion robot with ultrasound motors used inside the MRI gantry. In this paper, We evaluated the effect of electromagnetic waves on the MR image and clarify the RF immunity of MR image. In addition, we gave an example of the standard of an electromagnetic wave shield required for MR compatiblity. Then, S/N ratio (SNR) decrease and the distortion caused by the robot inside the 0.2 T MRI gantry ware evaluated. The results indicated that MR image was not distorted, SNR decrease was 1.2%. Therefore, the robot has highly MR compatiblity.
Acid Copper Plating for Via Filling Using IrO2/Ti Insoluble Anode (2006)

Decrease in process yield in acid copper plating is usually attributed to the great number of items that should be controlled. Consequently, we focused our study on the IrO2/Ti insoluble anode that neither changes in size nor forms black films, and evaluated various changes in the acid copper plating solution for via-filling. From our evaluation, we found that highly pure CuO, which has a very high dissolution rate, was suitable as the salt for supplying copper ions. However, its addition increased the volumes of dissolved oxygen and organic impurities, respectively causing decomposition of a part of the additives and decreasing the via-filling performance. On the other hand, neutral diaphragms for anodes to prevent decomposition of the additives, and activated carbon treatment against the increase in the impurities were found to be effective remedies.
Correcting the Proximity Effect in Nanophotonic Phased Arrays (2020)

Thermally modulated Nanophotonic Phased Arrays (NPAs) can be used as phase-only holographic displays. Compared to the holographic displays based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulators (LCoS SLMs), NPAs have the advantage of integrated light source and high refresh rate. However, the formation of the desired wavefront requires accurate modulation of the phase which is distorted by the thermal proximity effect. This problem has been largely overlooked and existing approaches to similar problems are either slow or do not provide a good result in the setting of NPAs. We propose two new algorithms based on the iterative phase retrieval algorithm and the proximal algorithm to address this challenge. We have carried out computational simulations to compare and contrast various algorithms in terms of image quality and computational efficiency. This work is going to benefit the research on NPAs and enable the use of large-scale NPAs as holographic displays.
Conformational Fluctuations versus Constraints in Amino Acid Side Chains: The Evolution of Information Content from Free Amino Acids to Proteins (2006)

Like all other complex biological systems, proteins exhibit properties not found in free amino acids (i.e., emergent properties). Here, we explore top-down constraints experienced by the residue side chains in proteins compared to amino acids in increasingly complex molecular environments: free amino acids, end-capped amino acids, and the central residue in an alpha-helical nonapeptide. The crystalline structure of the contractile protein profilin Ib and the enzyme trypsin were chosen as objects of study, and submitted to 10 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results revealed increased conformational constraints on the side chains when going from the simpler to the more complex compounds. A Shannon entropy (SE) analysis of the conformational behavior of the side chains showed in most cases a progressive and marked decrease in the SE of the chi1 and chi2 dihedral angles. This is equivalent to stating that conformational constraints on the side chain of residues increase their information content and, hence, recognition specificity compared to free amino acids. In other words, the vastly increased information content of a protein relative to its free monomers is embedded not only in the tertiary structure of the backbone, but also in the conformational behavior of the side chains. The postulated implication is that both backbone and side chains, by virtue of being conformationally constrained, contribute to the protein's recognition specificity toward other macromolecules and ligands.
A 12-mW wide dynamic range CMOS front-end for a portable GPS receiver (1997)

This paper describes a CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) and mixer intended for use in the front-end of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The circuits were implemented in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m (drawn) CMOS process, with one poly and two metal layers. The LNA has a forward gain (S21) of 17 dB and a noise figure of 3.8 dB. The mixer has a voltage conversion gain of -3.6 dB and a third-order intermodulation intercept point (IP3) of 10 dBm, input referred. The combination draws 12 mW from a 1.5-V supply.
Codebook-Based Precoding and Power Allocation for Nonregenerative Dual Hop Relay Systems (2011)

In this paper, we consider the precoding problem in the nonregenerative dual hop multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system. We propose a joint beamforming and power allocation method for a limited feedback system where a codebook-based beamformer is considered for each hop. The destination node selects the optimal beamforming codeword by relying on full channel knowledge of both source-relay and relay-destination channels for each hop from the code book and also compute the optimal power allocation coefficients for each substream. The index of the codewords and a quantized version of the power allocation coefficients are conveyed back to the source and relay nodes. The source and relay use the selected beamforming matrices and power allocation values to precode the data stream. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the performance of our joint beamforming and power allocation method is compared with previous codebook-based algorithms.
Structural Origin of the Large Redox-Linked Reorganization in the 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Oxygenase, TauD (2019)

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases catalyze a wide range of chemical transformations via C-H bond activation. Prior studies raised the question of whether substrate hydroxylation by these enzymes occurs via a hydroxyl rebound or alkoxide mechanism and highlighted the need to understand the thermodynamic properties of transient intermediates. A recent spectroelectrochemical investigation of the 2OG-dependent oxygenase, taurine hydroxylase (TauD), revealed a strong link between the redox potential of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) couple and conformational changes of the enzyme. In this study, we show that the redox potential of wild-type TauD varies by 468 mV between the reduction of 2OG-Fe(III)-TauD (-272 mV) and oxidation of 2OG-Fe(II)-TauD (+196 mV). We use active site variants to investigate the structural origin of the redox-linked reorganization and the contributions of the metal-bound residues to the dynamic tuning of the redox potential of TauD. Time-dependent redox titrations show that reorganization occurs as a multistep process. Transient optical absorption and infrared spectroelectrochemistry show that substitution of any metal ligand alters the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reorganization. The H99A variant shows the largest net redox change relative to the wild-type protein, suggesting that redox-coupled protonation of H99 is required for high redox potentials of the metal. The D101Q and H255Q variants also suppress the conformational change, supporting their involvement in the structural rearrangement. Similar redox-linked conformational changes are observed in another 2OG dependent oxygenase, ethylene-forming enzyme, indicating that dynamic structural flexibility and the associated thermodynamic tuning may be a common phenomenon in this family of enzymes.
General and Mild Cobalt-Catalyzed C-Alkylation of Unactivated Amides and Esters with Alcohols (2016)

The borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer methodology is an elegant and sustainable or green concept to construct carbon-carbon bonds. In this concept, alcohols, which can be obtained from barely used and indigestible biomass, such as lignocellulose, are employed as alkylating reagents. An especially challenging alkylation is that of unactivated esters and amides. Only noble metal catalysts based on iridium and ruthenium have been used to accomplish these reactions. Herein, we report on the first base metal-catalyzed α-alkylation of unactivated amides and esters by alcohols. Cobalt complexes stabilized with pincer ligands, recently developed in our laboratory, catalyze these reactions very efficiently. The precatalysts can be synthesized easily from commercially available starting materials on a multigram scale and are self-activating under the basic reaction conditions. This Co catalyst class is also able to mediate alkylation reactions of both esters and amides. In addition, we apply the methodology to synthesize ketones and to convert alcohols into aldehydes elongated by two carbon atoms.
RoboKent ‐ a case study in man‐machine interfaces (1998)

The idea of robotic floor cleaning landed on the housekeeping industry like an alien from outer space in the early part of the decade. An industry that had seen little progress in the past 100 years suddenly was faced with a method of scrubbing and sweeping floors without a human being trailing a machine. It was frightening for employees unfamiliar with computers and afraid of losing their jobs and it was no small outlay for the housekeeping budget. It has taken less than five years for an industry, managers and staff alike, to realize the benefits and lead the way into the future with service robots.
Substrate range of the 40,000-Dalton DNA-photoreactivating enzyme from Escherichia coli (1986)

We determined the ability of the 40 000-dalton Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme to act on a variety of pyrimidine-pyrimidine photoproduct substrates in nucleic acids. The enzyme is at least as active on cis-syn-cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers in supercoiled DNA as in linear DNA, but inactive on dimers in RNA. Both the phosphodiester bond internal to the deoxyriboses of the pyrimidines of the dimer and the N-glycosyl bond joining the pyrimidine to deoxyribose must be intact for enzyme action. The enzyme has no activity toward (6-4) pyrimidine-cytosine products in DNA.
High‐Performance Supported Iridium Oxohydroxide Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts (2017)

The synthesis of a highly active and yet stable electrocatalyst for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a major challenge for acidic water splitting on an industrial scale. To address this challenge, we obtained an outstanding high-performance OER catalyst by loading Ir on conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)-nanoparticles by a microwave (MW)-assisted hydrothermal route. The obtained Ir phase was identified by using XRD as amorphous (XRD-amorphous), highly hydrated Ir<sup>III/IV</sup> oxohydroxide. To identify chemical and structural features responsible for the high activity and exceptional stability under acidic OER conditions with loadings as low as 20 μg<sub>Ir</sub> cm<sup>-2</sup> , we used stepwise thermal treatment to gradually alter the XRD-amorphous Ir phase by dehydroxylation and crystallization of IrO<sub>2</sub> . This resulted in dramatic depletion of OER performance, indicating that the outstanding electrocatalytic properties of the MW-produced Ir<sup>III/IV</sup> oxohydroxide are prominently linked to the nature of the produced Ir phase. This finding is in contrast with the often reported stable but poor OER performance of crystalline IrO<sub>2</sub> -based compounds produced through more classical calcination routes. Our investigation demonstrates the immense potential of Ir oxohydroxide-based OER electrocatalysts for stable high-current water electrolysis under acidic conditions.
Integrated Process Design (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Motivation and Objectives Innovation Through a Systematic Approach Learning by Case Studies Design Project Sustainable Process Design Sustainable Development Concepts of Environmental Protection Production-Integrated Environmental Protection End-of-pipe Antipollution Measures Efficiency of Raw Materials Metrics for Sustainability Integrated Process Design Economic Incentives Process Synthesis and Process Integration Systematic Methods Hierarchical Approach Pinch-Point Analysis Residue Curve Maps Superstructure Optimization Controllability Analysis Life Cycle of a Design Project Summary References
On the various time constants of wavelength changes of a DFB laser under direct modulation (1998)

The temporal behavior of the optical frequency emitted by several DFB lasers under direct square wave modulation was measured using an all-fiber implementation of a Mach-Zender interferometer with an imbalance of 30 ps. The impulse response of the optical frequency to injection current modulation was found to contain a time constant as short as 10-20 ns, together with a few longer ones. The existence of such a short time constant is consistent with a thermal analysis of a laser structure with finite thermal impedance of the active region and should be taken into consideration in various wide bandwidth applications of direct modulated semiconductor lasers.
InAlAs avalanche photodiodes with very thin multiplicationlayer of 0.1 µm for high-speed and low-voltage-operation optical receiver (2000)

We have developed a separated absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiode (APD) with the thinnest reported InAlAs multiplication layer of 0.1 µm and achieved 18.8 V operation, with high speed and a high GB product of 140 GHz. This makes it possible to realise a compact 10 Gbit/s APD receiver.
Preliminary observations on haemodynamics during physiological stress conditions following ‘double-orifice’ mitral valve repair (2001)

This study indicates that though effective mitral valve competence is achieved in the majority of operated patients, DO repair may induce impaired diastolic mitral dynamism in some cases, particularly during exercise conditions. Further investigations are required to thoroughly elucidate the overall mechanics of a DO valve, especially at strenuous cardiocirculatory states.
Practical guide to saddle-point construction in lens design (2007)

Saddle-point construction (SPC) is a new method to insert lenses into an existing design. With SPC, by inserting and extracting lenses new system shapes can be obtained very rapidly, and we believe that, if added to the optical designer's arsenal, this new tool can significantly increase design productivity in certain situations. Despite the fact that the theory behind SPC contains mathematical concepts that are still unfamiliar to many optical designers, the practical implementation of the method is actually very easy and the method can be fully integrated with all other traditional design tools. In this work we will illustrate the use of SPC with examples that are very simple and illustrate the essence of the method. The method can be used essentially in the same way even for very complex systems with a large number of variables, in situations where other methods for obtaining new system shapes do not work so well.
Type C Virus from Cell Cultures of Chemically Induced Rat Hepatomas (1972)

Type C RNA viruses are present in cell cultures from transplantable and primary hepatomas induced by aromatic amine carcinogens. Virus yield was markedly enhanced by treating the cells with bromodeoxyuridine. Preparations of rat hepatoma-associated virus obtained from cultures treated with this compound were deficient in DNA polymerase activity.
Setup for study of radiation in VUV region generated by 5.7 MeV electrons in a multilayer mirror (2012)

The experimental setup created for investigating the radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region generated by 5.7 MeV electrons in a multilayer X-ray mirror at different angles of the electron beam incidence on the X-ray mirror surface is described. The method proposed for parametric X-rays separation from the generated radiation is analyzed. The method is based on the K-edge effect of photon absorption in fluorine at transmission of generated radiation through a thin Teflon filter. The results of the first test measurements are discussed.
MusAV: A dataset of relative arousal-valence annotations for validation of audio models (2022)

We present MusAV, a new public benchmark dataset for comparative validation of arousal and valence (AV) regression models for audio-based music emotion recognition. To gather the ground truth, we rely on relative judgments instead of absolute values to simplify the manual annotation process and improve its consistency. We build MusAV by gathering comparative annotations of arousal and valence on pairs of tracks, using track audio previews and metadata from the Spotify API. The resulting dataset contains 2,092 track previews covering 1,404 genres, with pairwise relative AV judgments by 20 annotators and various subsets of the ground truth based on different levels of annotation agreement. We demonstrate the use of the dataset in an example study evaluating nine models for AV regression that we train based on state-of-the-art audio embeddings and three existing datasets of absolute AV annotations. The results on MusAV offer a view of the performance of the models complementary to the metrics obtained during training and provide insights into the impact of the considered datasets and embeddings on the generalization abilities of the models.
High-mobility low-temperature ZnO transistors with low-voltage operation (2010)

Low voltage high mobility n-type thin film transistors (TFTs) based on sol-gel processed zinc oxide (ZnO) were fabricated using a high capacitance ion gel gate dielectric. The ion gel gated solution-processed ZnO TFTs were found to exhibit excellent electrical properties. TFT carrier mobilities were 13 cm2/V s, ON/OFF current ratios were 105, regardless of the sintering temperature used for the preparation of the ZnO thin films. Ion gel gated ZnO TFTs are successfully demonstrated on plastic substrates for the large area flexible electronics.
H.26L/JVT coding network abstraction layer and IP-based transport (2003)

The JVT/H.26L video coding scheme conceptually consists of a video coding layer (VCL) responsible mainly for coding efficiency and a network abstraction layer (NAL) that supports video specific transport features for a variety of networks. This paper describes the H.26L/JVT NAL in general, including the parameter set concept and the transport over packet-based and bit-stream oriented networks. Encapsulation of coded video data to RTP/UDP/IP transport is discussed, and applications of H.26L in fixed and wireless IP-based transmission environments are presented.
[Multiplex PCR assay for detection of virulence genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli]. (2014)

These results suggest that multiplex PCR developed in this study could efficiently detect the virulence genes of APEC, which was a useful and rapid technique for epidemiological investigation.
Snapback and overprogramming modeling using finite-element electrothermal simulation (2008)

We present a new model for the simulation of negative differential resistance (¿snapback¿) in a phase-change memory cell using an electrothermal finite-element iterative calculation implemented in ANSYS. This model improves upon our previous models by applying a double Arrhenius temperature-dependent resistivity for the amorphous chalcogenide, and a JMAK (n=3.5) model to describe the phase-change kinetics. As a result, the model captures the possibility of partial crystallization during typical pulsed heating conditions, a crucial factor in determining the abruptness of snapback. In addition to fitting our experimental data, the model is capable of predicting and characterizing the onset of overprogramming. Overprogramming occurs when the process of crystallizing some parts of the initially amorphous region leads to other parts heating above the melting point, leading to a remnant amorphous portion that limits the reduction of the cell¿s resistance. The paper also explores the impact of initial amorphous size as well as the presence of a defect breaking the symmetry of the amorphous hemisphere.