gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonablative Radiofrequency for Active Acne Vulgaris (2003)

BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is an exceedingly common condition in adolescence and may extend into adult life in some individuals. Even though this condition is at times minimized, it has been found to have a profound impact in the quality of life of many affected individuals. Acne scarring can be even more of a source of psychological and social problems than active acne is, and when inadequately treated, the latter can lead to the former. Moderate and severe acne vulgaris usually require a regimen of systemic and/or topical medications, which are given for several months or even years and frequently require multiple visits to the physician office, the laboratory, etc. This results in loss of time at school and considerable expense. Side effects from medications and the frequent need to use alternative drugs when there is no response to medical treatment are possible. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of a novel medical device that uses radiofrequency as a source of energy to produce volumetric tissue heating, while sparing the epidermis, allowing for a procedure with no down time and no postoperative care required. METHODS Twenty-two patients, 10 women and 12 men, ranging in age from 16 to 28, with moderate to severe, scarring, cystic, active, acne vulgaris participated. Only nine of these patients were on concomitant medical treatment such as oral antibiotics or topical agents. All 22 patients were treated with a new nonablative radiofrequency unit, which delivers a concomitant spray of cryogen for epidermal sparing. One session was done in 20 patients and two sessions in 2 patients. The average fluence per energy delivery was 72 J/cm2. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 months. Patient questionnaires and active acne lesion counts were used to evaluate the response to treatment. RESULTS Excellent response was seen in 82% (n = 18). Modest response was seen in 9% (n = 2), and no response was seen in 9% (n = 2); t-test on active lesion counts before treatment and after treatment was less than 0.009004. No side effects were identified on any of these patients. No down time from the procedure was seen. Only topical anesthesia, ELA-Max 5% (Ferndale Labs, Ferndale, MI) was used; 59% of patients were on no acne medication before, during, or after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Nonablative radiofrequency appears to be a new safe and effective treatment alternative for moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Further research is in progress to evaluate this treatment modality in a larger number of patients.
The Suggestion of Droplets Generation Prevention Method of CNx Coating by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (2013)

It has been reported that the carbon nitride (CNx) coating was the super-low friction in which friction coefficient was less than 0.01, and it attracts attention as a high wear resistance and low friction material. When synthesizing a CNx coating with Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) method, it was clear that the small asperities called droplets was generated onto the CNx coating surface with increasing thickness, and these droplets generated high friction. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify droplets generation mechanism to reduce droplets. To establish optimal coating conditions for controlling droplets were clarified by paying attention to the energy of an electron beam and the shape of a carbon target. First of all, 300 nm thickness CNx coatings were synthesized with five different filament current densities to clarify the relationship between the filament current density and droplet heights. Secondly, the effect of carbon target shape on droplets generation was confirmed with normal and processed carbon target. Finally, friction coefficient of these surfaces was measured by friction tests under PAO lubrication.
Identification of Subtilase Cytotoxin (SubAB) Receptors Whose Signaling, in Association with SubAB-Induced BiP Cleavage, Is Responsible for Apoptosis in HeLa Cells (2010)

Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), which is produced by certain strains of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), causes the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78/BiP) cleavage, followed by induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane damage by Bax/Bak activation. The purpose of the present study was to identify SubAB receptors responsible for HeLa cell death. Four proteins, NG2, α2β1 integrin (ITG), L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met), were identified to be SubAB-binding proteins by immunoprecipitation and purification, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. SubAB-induced Bax conformational change, Bax/Bak complex formation, caspase activation, and cell death were decreased in β1 ITG, NG2, and L1CAM small interfering RNA-transfected cells, but unexpectedly, BiP cleavage was still observed. Pretreatment of cells with a function-blocking β1 ITG antibody (monoclonal antibody [MAb] P5D2) enhanced SubAB-induced caspase activation; MAb P5D2 alone had no effect on caspase activation. Furthermore, we found that SubAB induced focal adhesion kinase fragmentation, which was mediated by a proteasome-dependent pathway, and caspase activation was suppressed in the presence of proteasome inhibitor. Thus, β1 ITG serves as a SubAB-binding protein and may interact with SubAB-signaling pathways, leading to cell death. Our results raise the possibility that although BiP cleavage is necessary for SubAB-induced apoptotic cell death, signaling pathways associated with functional SubAB receptors may be required for activation of SubAB-dependent apoptotic pathways.
A microfluidic system for high-speed reproducible DNA sizing and quantitation (2000)

Microfabrication technology was used to develop a system consisting of disposable glass chips containing etched channels, reagents including polymer matrix and size standards, computer-controlled instrumentation for performing electrophoretic separations and fluorescence detection of double-stranded DNA, and software for automated data analysis. System performance was validated for separation and quantitation reproducibility using samples varying in amount and size of DNA fragments, buffer composition, and salt concentrations. Several applications of the microfluidic system for DNA analysis have been demonstrated, such as of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, sizing of plasmid digests, and detection of point mutations by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping.
Mammary Growth During Lactation: Implications for Increasing Milk Yield (1987)

Milk yield is greatly influenced by the size of the mammary secretory cell population. In rats, proliferation of cells during early lactation may account for as much as three-quarters of the increase in daily milk yield between parturition and peak lactation; the remainder is due to increased activity of existing cells. Conversely, in goats, all the initial decline in milk yield after peak lactation can be attributed to loss of secretory cells. Increased frequency of milking enhances milk yield and reduces secretory cell loss, whereas goats hemimastectomized at peak lactation undergo compensatory changes in the remaining gland, which include a complete maintenance of cell number for at least 18 wk. Cell proliferation is increased in both cases, showing that mammary growth can occur during established lactation. The significance of this observation is discussed in relation to ways in which the milk yield of dairy animals might be increased.
Graph-Based Posterior Regularization for Semi-Supervised Structured Prediction (2013)

We present a flexible formulation of semisupervised learning for structured models, which seamlessly incorporates graphbased and more general supervision by extending the posterior regularization (PR) framework. Our extension allows for any regularizer that is a convex, differentiable function of the appropriate marginals. We show that surprisingly, non-linearity of such regularization does not increase the complexity of learning, provided we use multiplicative updates of the structured exponentiated gradient algorithm. We illustrate the extended framework by learning conditional random fields (CRFs) with quadratic penalties arising from a graph Laplacian. On sequential prediction tasks of handwriting recognition and part-ofspeech (POS) tagging, our method makes significant gains over strong baselines. 1
Flow, NO, and atherogenesis (2003)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Table S1 from Antisecretory Factor–Mediated Inhibition of Cell Volume Dynamics Produces Antitumor Activity in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Compression-induced changes in the transcriptional GBM phenotype. Differentially expressed genes in tumorspheres derived from human GBMs (GBM5, GBM14, GBM34, and GBM43) when comparing compression to other conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Error-correcting coding for CDMA systems (2002)

The preselected title of this paper highlights the misconception that most engineers, sometimes even communication specialists, still harbor concerning the central role of channel coding in communication system performance. More properly descriptive terms are "error-preventing", "error-protecting", or the more common "error control." The reason is that in modern communication systems, designed according to the norms of information theory, coding is an integral part of the modulation process and the optimum modulator and demodulator combine the coding and modulation, as well as the decoding and demodulation, processes into one function at both the transmitter and the receiver. This viewpoint has become commonplace for modulation systems which operate in additive Gaussian noise, with relatively high signal-to-noise ratios, at bit rates considerably greater than their transmission bandwidth. For such systems and channels, the evolution and general acceptance of trellis coded modulation (TCM) has demonstrated how modulation and channel coding can be integrated to provide superior performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Manuscript for paper or report on theory advances/test on diagonalization of operator through coordinate transformation (release 2) (2020)

The present deliverable D3.2, “Manuscript for Paper or Report on Theory Advances/Test on<br> Diagonalization of Operator through Coordinate Transformation (release 2)“ is used to conclude and<br> refine the topics identified in the previous release of the same deliverable.<br> It lays the appropriate theoretical basis for the definition of a generalized sorter that would allow for the<br> recognition of the protein without making a full image it.<br> We called this process diagonalization, since the image of the protein should result in an abstract set<br> of pixels, like a diagonal matrix.<br> The results described in this deliverable are of the utmost importance in view of the final experiments<br> of reconstruction of the proteins as foreseen in WP5.Thisproblem is very difficult to tackle for proteins<br> that typically produce a small phase change.
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Bioreactor Design (2016)

Mixing is a critical phenomenon in bioreactors and its importance increases with the size of the reactor. For proper microbial growth, it is desirable to have uniform distribution of oxygen, carbon dioxide, cells, nutrients, and other metabolites across the reactor volume. Achieving uniform mixing in large reactors is nontrivial. Ideal flows such as “plug flow” and “perfectly mixed” do not exist in reality. Nonidealities in flow originate from imperfect mixing that results in stagnant zones, channeling or bypassing, recycling or cross-flow streams. Improvements in hydrodynamics result in higher mass transfer coefficient and specific interfacial area between the phases. But, this is also likely to increase shear rate and shear stress, both of which need to be monitored to avoid cell lysis. Process parameters such as rotational speed of the impeller, inlet gas flow rate, feed characteristics (viscosity and density), and design of bioreactor (number of baffles and type of impeller) affect mass transfer coefficient of O2 and limit productivity. This chapter addresses the topic of use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model hydrodynamics of aerated stirred bioreactors and to estimate the volume-averaged mass transfer coefficient, k L a. Effects of process parameters such as impeller speed and gas flow rate have been illustrated. Multiphase modeling approaches such as the k–ϵ turbulence model and population balance model are discussed. We hope that the chapter will be of value to those involved in performing CFD of mixing in bioreactors.
Nitrogen utilization by ruminants during restricted intake of high-concentrate diets. (1991)

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the effects of limit-feeding high-concentrate (LFHC) diets on dietary CP requirements of steer calves. When steer calves were fed 80% concentrate diets at 78 g/kg of BW.75, increasing dietary CP resulted in increased ADG (P less than .001). Average daily gain was increased in steers as daily monensin dosage increased from 120 to 180 mg (P less than .05). Increasing the daily monensin dosage to 240 mg did not increase ADG further. There were no (P greater than .10) CP X monensin interactions, suggesting that the monensin response was caused by improved energy utilization and not be the possible protein-sparing effects of ionophores. Steer calves in the second feedyard experiment expressed similar ADG when provided equal NEg as limit-fed, high-moisture ear corn (HMEC) or when given ad libitum access to corn silage. The basal diet did not affect the steers' daily N requirement for growth. Gain per unit of protein intake declined quadratically (P less than .05) with increasing CP intake, indicating that CP requirements were near NRC estimates on both diets. The corn silage-based diet was less digestible (70.3 vs 77.4%; P less than .01) than the HMEC diet when fed to lambs. Fecal output differed (P less than .10) substantially (342 g/d of corn silage vs 205 g/d of HMEC), whereas fecal N output was only slightly higher (6.97 vs 6.34 g/d, respectively; P less than .10). Limited feeding of higher-concentrate diets to steer calves seemed to be an effective management procedure and did not cause acute digestion upset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LCD-Based Optical Filtering Suitable for Non-Imaging Channel Decorrelation in VLC Applications (2019)

A novel approach for optical channel decorrelation in visible light communication (VLC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is presented. Frequently, illumination fixtures employing an array of white light emitting diodes (LEDs) are suggested for simultaneous illumination and data transmission. As white LEDs share the same optical spectrum and due to diffuse light propagation, a separation of the data streams at the receiver side is difficult, even if multiple photodetectors are applied, but necessary. As opposed to software-based solutions, our approach to the interference problem works in the hardware domain: a liquid crystal display (LCD) is placed in front of the photodetectors. This LCD suppresses the interference caused by modulated light sources and by ambient light. The LCD can be configured to form dynamic receiver apertures in the MIMO setup under investigation. In order to assess the main functionality of the proposed concept, a mixed hardware/software approach is performed. In an experimental testbed, we chose a black-and-white LCD with high contrast, i.e., with high transmittance ratio. We carried out measurements of the transmittance factors in “on” and “off” states, and created a numerical model of the selected LCD. Based on this model and on ray-tracing simulations of the environment, an analytical upper bound on the bit error rate is evaluated for a given VLC indoor scenario. Spatial modulation benefits with an improvement of up to 27 dB from the proposed kind of optical filtering.
No evidence for decreased D2/3 receptor availability and frontal hypoperfusion in subjects with compulsive pornography use (2021)

Pornographic addiction refers to an addiction model associated with compulsive and repeated use of pornographic material. Whether the use of pornography may indeed become addictive remains a matter of debate. The current study investigated whether compulsive pornography use (CPU) is accompanied by reduced D2/3 receptor availability in the striatum and frontal hypofunctionality. Male subjects between 18 and 50 years of age with and without CPU were recruited using online and newspaper advertisements. Questionnaires were used to the assess the severity of compulsive pornography use (CIUS) and symptoms of depression, impulsivity and sensation seeking. Dopaminergic imaging was performed using [11C]-raclopride PET. Striatal binding potentials (BPND) and regional frontal cerebral influx values (R1) of [11C]-raclopride were calculated. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI was performed to assess regional cerebral blood flow. No group differences between striatal BPND's of [11C]-raclopride in subjects with (n = 15) and without (n = 10) CPU were detected. In CPU subjects, no correlation was found between the CIUS score and striatal BPND's. Cerebral R1 values in frontal brain regions and cerebral blood flow measurements did not differ between groups. The current study fails to provide imaging support for sharing similar neurobiological alterations as previously has been reported in other addictive modalities.
Diastereoselective synthesis of substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters by a tandem reduction‐reductive animation reaction (2004)

Abstract An efficient, diastereoselective synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters has been developed based on the tandem reduction‐reductive amination reac tion. Catalytic hydrogenation of a series of 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxoalkanoic esters initiates a reaction sequence involving (1) reduction of the aromatic nitro group, (2) condensation of the N ‐hydroxylamino (or amino) nitrogen with the side chain carbonyl, and (3) reduction of the seven‐membered cyclic imine. Cyclizations that produce 2‐alkyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters are diastereose lective for the product having the C2 alkyl and the C5 ester groups cis. In these reactions, the transannular ester group exerts a strong stereodirecting effect on the reduction of the cyclic imine intermediate, though not as strong as that observed in previous closures of 2‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐4‐carboxylic esters. This decrease in diastereoselectivity is attributed to (1) the greater distance between the ester and the imine double bond and (2) the increased conformational mobility of the larger ring, both of which diminish the stereodirecting effect of the ester. Finally, formation of the seven‐membered ring is sufficiently slow that reaction with the side chain ester group competes with heterocycle formation in several of the reactions.
Abstract 4193: A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Comparison of Efficacy and Tolerability of Fluvastatin XL alone, Ezetimibe alone and the Combination, in Patients with a History of Muscle Related Side Effects with other Statins (2006)

Reduction of LDLC is the core of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Trials showing the lower the LDLC the lower the CVD risk have led to revision of the NCEP guidelines for high risk patients. Statins, the most effective class for achieving LDLC reduction, are generally well tolerated and serious side effects are rare. However in clinical practice muscle related side effects (MRSE), such as pain, cramps and weakness are more common than reported in clinical trials. A recent observational study of nearly 8,000 patients in primary care practice reported 10.5% MRSE with statins. MRSE were the major reason for discontinuation. Inability to use statins leaves physicians and patients minimal ability to achieve LDLC goals at any risk level. Fluvastatin XL (FXL) has a number of unique pharmacological features that suggest it would have a lower propensity for MRSE. The present trial, is the first randomized, double dummy, controlled trial done in patients with statin associated MRSE, to test the hypothesis that in such patients FXL 80 mg would be as well tolerated as a non-statin lipid lowering agent. Ezetimibe (EZE) 10 mg, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, was selected as a widely used, effective well tolerated agent. The study randomized 199 mostly high-risk subjects with a history of statin related MRSE in 27 centers. After 4 week diet only lead-in patients were randomized to 12 week treatment with FXL + placebo (Pbo) EZE; EZE + Pbo FLX or FLX + EZE. Results are shown below: The present study demonstrates that patients with statins related MRSE tolerate FXL, either alone or as combination therapy with EZE, with MSRE side effects no different from that of EZE alone. Few patients at high risk for CVD reach LDLC goal with EZE alone, one third do with FLX and nearly 4 of 5 do so with FLX + EZE. With 1–2 million patients estimated to have discontinued statins due to MRSE, fluvastatin XL offers a readily available and effective alternative therapy. Results
Medium-Range Atomic Correlation in Simple Liquids. III. Density Wave Theory (2022)

Elucidating the atomic structure of liquid and glass is one of the important open questions in condensed matter physics. In the conventional bottom-up approach one starts with focusing on an atom and the short-range order of its neighboring atoms, and the global structure is described in terms of overlapping local clusters of atoms as building units. However, this local approach fails to explain the strong drive to form the medium-range order which is distinct in nature from the short-range order. We propose an even-handed scheme with an additional top-down approach. In the top-down approach one starts with a high-density gas state and seeks to minimize the global potential energy through density waves. The local bottom-up and global top-down driving forces are not compatible, and the competition and compromise between them result in a final structure with the medium-range order. The density waves are pinned to atoms through the phase factors and amplitudes which reflect atomic dynamics. This even-handed approach provides a more intuitive explanation of the structure of simple liquid and glass and its relation to properties of liquid, such as viscosity and fragility.
Schlussbericht Optisches Vielkanal-Vektorkanalmagnetometer (2016)

Das vorliegende Dokument fasst die Ergebnisse eines durch das BMBF geförderten Projektes zur Messung des Herzmagnetfeldes mit einem optischen Vielkanal-Vektormagnetometer zusammen. In diesem Bericht werden alle Ergebnisse aus dem Projektzeitraum Herbst 2013 bis Frühjahr 2016 zusammengefasst.
2D time−resolved measurement and modeling of electric fields associated with atmospheric pressure plasma streams propagation in dielectric capillaries (2015)

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