gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (1983)

Physically trained individuals have a markedly blunted insulin response to a glucose load and yet have normal glucose tolerance. This phenomenon has generally been ascribed to long-term adaptations to training which correlate with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and reduced adiposity. Our study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that residual effects of the last bouts of exercise play an important role in this phenomenon. Eight well-trained subjects stopped training for 10 days. There were no significant changes in VO2max (58.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 57.6 +/- 2.1 ml/kg), estimated percent body fat (12.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.8%), or body weight. The maximum rise in plasma insulin concentration in response to a 100-g oral glucose load was 100% higher after 10 days without exercise than when the subjects were exercising regularly. Despite the increased insulin levels, blood glucose concentrations were higher after 10 days without exercise. Insulin binding to monocytes also decreased with physical inactivity. One bout of exercise after 11 days without exercise returned insulin binding and the insulin and glucose responses to an oral 100-g glucose load almost to the initial "trained" value. These results support our hypothesis.
Macular Retinal Layer Thickness and Associated Factors. The Beijing Eye Study 2011 (2019)

Abstract Background Diagnosis and follow-up of retinal diseases may be improved if the thickness of the various retinal layers, in addition to the total retinal thickness, is taken into account. Here we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in a population-based study group to assess the normative values and their associations. Methods Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images, we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study without ocular diseases and without arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Results The study included 384 subjects (mean age:60.0±8.0 years). In multivariable analysis, the thickness of the retinal layers in the foveal region, of all retinal layers except for the outer plexiform layer in the parafoveal area, and the thickness of the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and inner and outer nuclear layer in the perifoveal area decreased with older age (all P&lt;0.05). Men as compared to women had higher thickness measurements of the photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer in all areas, and of all layers between the retinal nerve fiber layer and inner nuclear layer in the parafovea area. The associations between the macular retinal layers thickness and axial length were not consistent. The inner plexiform layer was thicker, and the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer were thinner, in the temporal areas than in the nasal areas, Conclusions The associations between decreasing thickness of most retinal layers with older age and the correlation of a higher thickness of some retinal layer layers with male gender may clinically be taken into account.
Accurate robust symmetry estimation (1999)

There are various applications, both in medical and non-medical image analysis, which require the automatic detection of the line (2D images) or plane (3D) of reflective symmetry of objects. There exist relatively simple methods of finding reflective symmetry when object images are complete (i.e., completely symmetric and perfectly segmented from image “background”). A much harder problem is finding the line or plane of symmetry when the object of interest contains asymmetries, and may not have well defined edges.
ChemInform Abstract: PyBOP and PyBroP: Two Reagents for the Difficult Coupling of the . alpha.,α‐Dialkyl Amino Acid, Aib. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement of the 14C Content in Liquid Scintillators by Means of a Small-Volume Detector in the Low-Background Chamber of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (2017)

A setup for measuring natural-radioactivity backgrounds and ultralow concentrations of the isotope 14C in samples of a liquid organic scintillator was created at the low-background laboratory of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences) at a depth of 4900 mwe. The concentration of the radiocarbon 14C in a sample of a scintillator based on domestically produced linear alkylbenzene was measured, and it was found that 14C/12C (3.3 ± 0.5) × 10−17.
Smart dust mote forerunners (2002)

We have demonstrated a 138 mm/sup 3/ autonomous uni-directional sensing/communication mote that optically transmits a measure of the ambient light level. We have also developed a 63 mm/sup 3/ autonomous bi-directional communication mote that receives an optical signal, generates a pseudorandom sequence based on this signal to emulate sensor data, then optically transmits the result, although it has only been demonstrated in a bench configuration at this time. The latter system contains a micromachined corner cube reflector, a 0.078 mm/sup 3/ CMOS chip that consumes 75 /spl mu/W, and a Mn-Ti-Li cell, but we have also demonstrated operation from an /spl sim/2 mm/sup 2/ solar cell. These motes allow us to demonstrate necessary concepts of Smart Dust such as optical data transmission, data processing, energy management, miniaturization, and system integration.
Primary Beam and Ion Extraction Optics Optimization for An Organic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (1989)

abstract This paper discusses optimization of the primary beam and the ion extraction optics of a secondary ion mass spectrometer used primarily for organic compound analysis and the imaging analysis of planar chromatograms. A commercial secondary ion electrostatic energy analyzer and accompanying transport optics were redesigned to enhance the extraction of ions sputtered from the chromatographic surface and to increase the ion signal intensities, especially at higher masses. Modifications to a thermionic ion gun and a saddlefield neutral particle gun produced smaller particle beam diameters with maximum particle flux.
Expansion of the ADOR Strategy for the Synthesis of Zeolites: The Synthesis of IPC‐12 from Zeolite UOV (2017)

The assembly-disassembly-organization-reassembly (ADOR) process has been used to disassemble a parent zeolite with the UOV structure type and then reassemble the resulting layers into a novel structure, IPC-12. The structure of the material has previously been predicted computationally and confirmed in our experiments using X-ray diffraction and atomic resolution STEM-HAADF electron microscopy. This is the first successful application of the ADOR process to a material with porous layers.
Childhood Obesity and Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetic Diseases that Contribute to Cardiovascular Disease (2014)

Childhood obesity occurs as the result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Genetic risk factors for obesity have become an area of research due to its permanency. Mutated genes such as Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO), Leptin (LEP), Leptin Receptor (LEPR), Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R), Adiponectin C1Q and Collagen Domain Containing (ADIPOQ), Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 1 (PCSK1), and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) all contribute to the development of childhood obesity. In the presence of high cholesterol caused by obesity, the genetic condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia is exacerbated. Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by a mutation in the following genes: Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B (APOB), Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Adaptor Protein 1 (LDLRAP1), and the Proprotein Convertase Subtillisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9). Familial hypercholesterolemia and childhood obesity both contribute to elevated serum cholesterol levels resulting in the accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in children. Another sequela of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, is an arterial disease that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease in children. Nurses play a prominent role in the prevention of childhood obesity through education within the community and school setting. As a result of childhood obesity and familial hyperlipidemia, both genetically-linked, cardiovascular disease has become prevalent in the pediatric population.
The effect of pH and concentration on α-methyldopa absorption in man (1986)

An open crossover study of the absorption of alpha-methyldopa has been conducted in normal healthy adult male volunteers in whom a triple lumen perfusion tube had been placed. Three volunteers were perfused on separate occasions with 0.1 mM alpha-methyldopa at pH 4.5, 6.0 and 7.4. Three other volunteers were perfused on separate occasions with 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM alpha-methyldopa at pH 6.0. Two additional subjects were perfused with 0.1 mM alpha-methyldopa at pH 6.0. Absorption was not a linear function of concentration above 1 mM alpha-methyldopa. There was also a weak trend toward greater absorption near pH 6.0. At higher concentrations of drug in the perfusion solution (10 vs 1 mM), the free fraction of alpha-methyldopa in plasma samples was increased significantly. Thus, although absorption of alpha-methyldopa is more efficient at lower concentrations, bioavailability may not be substantially enhanced due to increased sulphation in the gut wall. Comparison of permeabilities with previous results from our laboratories suggests the rat is a good model for predicting the behaviour of alpha-methyldopa after its oral administration to man.
The imaging profile of “probable PLS”: white and grey matter measures (2020)

The recent consensus criteria for the diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) introduced the category of “probable PLS” for patients exhibiting upper-motor-neuron sings with a symptom duration interval of 2-4 years. These patients would have previously not met diagnostic criteria. In this dataset we present their imaging profile based on grey and white matter metrics in relevant anatomical regions in contrast to healthy controls and ‘definite PLS’ patients with over 4 years of symptom duration. The study was sponsored by the Spastic Paraplegia Foundation, Inc. (SPF), the Health Research Board (HRB EIA-2017-019), the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), the Andrew Lydon scholarship, the Irish Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (IICN), the Iris O'Brien Foundation. Methodological details are provided in: Evolving diagnostic criteria in primary lateral sclerosis: The clinical and radiological basis of "probable PLS". Finegan E, Li Hi Shing S, Siah WF, Chipika RH, Chang KM, McKenna MC, Doherty MA, Hengeveld JC, Vajda A, Donaghy C, Hutchinson S, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Bede P. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul 24;417:117052. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117052. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32731060
Peer Review #5 of "Transcriptome analysis of ovary culture-induced embryogenesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (v0.3)" (2021)

Background.Ovary culture is a useful technique used to generate double haploid (DH) cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants.However, cucumber ovary culture have a low rate of embryo induction and plant regeneration.Moreover, the cucumber embryogenesis mechanism remains unclear.In this study, we explored the molecular basis of cucumber embryogenesis in order to establish a foundation for a more efficient ovary culture method.Using transcriptome sequencing, we also investigated the differentially expression of genes during the embryogenesis process.Methods.Cytological and morphological observations have divided cucumber ovary culture into three stages: early embryo development (T0), embryo morphogenesis (T1, T2, T3, and T4), and shoot formation (T5).We selected six key time points for transcriptome sequencing and analysis: T0 (the ovules were cultured for 0 d), T1 (the ovules were cultured for 2 d), T2 (the embryos were cultured for 10 d), T3 (the embryos were cultured for 20 d), T4 (the embryos were cultured for 30 d), and T5 (the shoots after 60 d culture).Results.We used cytology and morphology to observe the characteristics of the cucumber's developmental transformation during embryogenesis and plant regeneration.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs) at developmental transition points were analyzed using transcriptome sequencing.In the early embryogenesis stage, the cells expanded, which was the signal for gametophytes to switch to the sporophyte development pathway.RNA-seq revealed that when compared to the fresh unpollinated ovaries, there were 3,468 upregulated genes in the embryos, including hormone signal transduction genes, hormone response genes, and stress-induced genes.The reported embryogenesis-related genes BBM, HSP90, and AGL were also actively expressed during this stage.In the embryo morphogenesis stage (from cell division to cotyledon-embryo formation), 480 genes that functioned in protein complex binding, microtubule binding, tetrapyrrole binding, tubulin binding and other microtubule activities were continuously upregulated during the T1, T2, T3, and T4
The androgen receptor gene mutations database (1997)

The current version of the androgen receptor (AR) gene mutations database is described. The total number of reported mutations has risen from 212 to 272. We have expanded the database: (i) by adding a large amount of new data on somatic mutations in prostatic cancer tissue; (ii) by defining a new constitutional phenotype, mild androgen insensitivity (MAI); (iii) by placing additional relevant information on an internet site (http://www.mcgill.ca/androgendb/ ). The database has allowed us to examine the contribution of CpG sites to the multiplicity of reports of the same mutation in different families. The database is also available from EMBL (ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/androgen) or as a Macintosh Filemaker Pro or Word file (MC33@musica,mcgill.ca)
Repeatable Wettability Conversion between Hydrophobic and Superhydrophilic States on Nonwoven Fabrics Based on Electrospun TiO2–Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Fibers (2012)

Abstract Nonwoven fabrics based on composite fibers of TiO2 and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are prepared by electrospinning. Nonwoven fabrics based on TiO2–PDMS fibers are initially hydrophobic and undergo rapid wettability conversion to a superhydrophilic state upon plasma irradiation. Hydrophobicity is rapidly recovered under ambient conditions. This wettability conversion can be repeated by subsequent cycles of plasma irradiation and storage under ambient conditions.
Pre-clinical study protocol: Blood transfusion in endotoxaemic shock (2019)

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SCC) and the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) guidelines recommend blood transfusion in sepsis when the haemoglobin concentration drops below 7.0 g/dL and 10.0 g/dL respectively, while the World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline recommends transfusion in septic shock 'if intravenous (IV) fluids do not maintain adequate circulation', as a supportive measure of last resort. Volume expansion using crystalloid and colloid fluid boluses for haemodynamic resuscitation in severe illness/sepsis, has been associated with adverse outcomes in recent literature. However, the volume expansion effect(s) following blood transfusion for haemodynamic circulatory support, in severe illness remain unclear with most previous studies having focused on evaluating effects of either different RBC storage durations (short versus long duration) or haemoglobin thresholds (low versus high threshold) pre-transfusion. •We describe the protocol for a pre-clinical randomised controlled trial designed to examine haemodynamic effect(s) of early volume expansion using packed RBCs (PRBCs) transfusion (before any crystalloids or colloids) in a validated ovine-model of hyperdynamic endotoxaemic shock.•Additional exploration of mechanisms underlying any physiological, haemodynamic, haematological, immunologic and tissue specific-effects of blood transfusion will be undertaken including comparison of effects of short (≤5 days) versus long (≥30 days) storage duration of PRBCs prior to transfusion.
The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy (2016)

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
Flash and pattern electroretinograms in normal and laser-induced glaucomatous primate eyes. (1986)

Experimental glaucoma was produced in one eye of five cynomolgus monkeys with the argon laser delivering 100-200 50-mu spots at 1200-1500 mW power and 0.5 sec to 360 degrees of the mid-trabecular meshwork. Monocular electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded prior to and 2, 3, and 4 mo following the laser treatment. In the laser-treated (glaucoma) eyes, normal flash ERGs were observed using 1-Hz stimulation; however, pattern ERGs (PERGs) elicited using steady-state counterphase modulation of a 0.51 cpd square wave grating showed statistically significant reductions of amplitude. Only small reductions of PERG amplitude were seen with a 1.25 cpd grating. In three animals, abnormalities of the PERG occurred prior to clinically significant cupping of the optic nervehead. Moreover, reductions of PERG amplitude were progressive and associated with the magnitude of cupping of the optic nervehead and elevation of intraocular pressure. PERG amplitude did not change following acute reductions in intraocular pressure in the glaucoma eyes. Several control experiments were conducted to insure that results were not due to alterations in pupil size, refractive state, or accommodation in the glaucoma eyes. The authors believe they now have a monkey model for the electrophysiologic study of glaucoma.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Pseudoglycal C‐Glycosides via Trichloroacetimidate Activation of Glycals. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Family of Blind Symbol Rate Estimators using Zero Crossing Detection over Unknown Multipath Fading Channels (2020)

In this paper we introduce a new and simple method to estimate the symbol rate for single carrier systems of unknown modulation. The introduced technique detects the symbol rate from a continuous range of symbol rates, i.e. it does not assume a finite set of candidate symbol rates. The method does not require any knowledge about system parameters and is therefore totally blind. The method belongs to the family of autocorrelationbased symbol rate estimators, yet, unlike many such schemes, its performance is insensitive to the value of the roll-off factor. We then propose a simple method for frequency offset compensation also based on the autocorrelation function. Moreover, we study the effect of multipath channel on the estimator performance and propose different enhancements including exploiting more than one zero crossing. The proposed estimator is implemented as part of a complete DVB-C [1] receiver and is verified using simulations and results in robust performance even at low SNR and high frequency offsets.
High temperature protective coatings for refractory metals Yearly summary report, 21 Oct. 1964 - 21 Oct. 1965 (1965)

Performance characteristics of iridium used as high temperature oxidation protective coating for refractory metals
Predicting the probability of student's degree completion by using different data mining techniques (2017)

In this paper, we are predicting the graduation degree completion probability of students at JIIT University, on the basis of his/her previous academic results with subsequent intermediate college results along with various non-academic factors. For this purpose, various educational data mining techniques have been used such as Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, KNN and Logistic Regression. The implementation of these algorithms is done in R language. The comparison of their accuracy is done to find the most accurate predictions. Graphs are also used for illustrative comparison, along with numerical values such as Accuracy and Precision.
Autocatalytic Activation of C1r Subcomponent of the First Component of Human Complement1 (1985)

Autoactivation of the proenzyme form of a subunit of the first component (C1r) was performed in the presence and absence of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). The time-course of autoactivation of zymogen C1r followed a sigmoidal curve and was accelerated by addition of the enzyme C1r and by increasing the concentration of C1r, suggesting that autoactivation of C1r consists of two intermolecular reactions, i.e. zymogen(C1r)- and enzyme(C1r)-catalyzed reactions. In the presence of 10 mM DFP, the enzyme-catalyzed autoactivation of C1r was completely inhibited, while the zymogen-catalyzed autoactivation still proceeded depending upon C1r concentration. These results suggested that the zymogen-catalyzed autoactivation of C1r is a DFP-insensitive second-order reaction and is mediated by an active site generated in a single chain C1r through a conformational change (Kassahara et al. (1982) FEBS lett. 141, 128-131). Based on these results, a possible reaction process of autoactivation of C1r was proposed, as follows: (formula; see text) where C1r represents a conformational isomer which catalyzes the autoactivation of C1r, and the rate constants, k2 and k3, are of second-order. Utilizing a computer, we simulated the autoactivation of C1r and found the above scheme to be a reasonable model of C1r autoactivation. Evidence which supports the formation of a conformational isomer of C1r, C1r, as an intermediate in its autoactivation was also obtained by a surface radiolabeling method.