gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A measure of Anger-camera linearity: results with and without a corrector. (1981)

A method for measuring the X and Y linearity of an Anger camera coupled to a computer is presented. It has similarities to, and differences from, the method recommended by the National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA). Test images are taken through a lead plate with parallel and equally spaced slots, and the locations of the lines in the images are fitted by least-squares with an equation that allows for slight misalignment. Discrepancies from the fit are calculated and displayed as a distribution over the camera field. The maximum and average discrepancies are tabulated. The field of view that is of interest is selectable within the analysis program. Among four large-field-of-view uncorrected cameras, three 37-tube types (two measured using Tc-99m and one with Au-195) show a similar degree of nonlinearity. However, the maximum and average discrepancies from linearity for a 61-tube prototype camera, measured using Tc-99m over a 15-in. field of view, are 40% of those for the other three. For the four cameras, an event-shifting on-line corrector with best-case sampling improves linearity by an average factor of 5.5, including both 15-and 11.25-in. fields of view.
Extraction of optimally unbiased bits from a biased source (2000)

We explore the problem of transforming n independent and identically biased {-1,1}-valued random variables X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/ into a single {-1,1} random variable f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/), so that this result is as unbiased as possible. In general, no function f produces a completely unbiased result. We perform the first study of the relationship between the bias b of these X/sub i/ and the rate at which f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/) can converge to an unbiased {-1,1} random variable (as n/spl rarr//spl infin/). A {-1,1} random variable has bias b if E(X/sub i/)=b. Fixing a bias b, we explore the rate at which the output bias |E(f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/))| can tend to zero for a function f:{-1,1}*/spl rarr/{-1,1}. This is accomplished by classifying the behavior of the natural normalized quantity /spl Xi/(b)/spl Delta/inf/sub f/[lim/sub n/spl rarr//spl infin//n/spl radic/(|E(f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/))|] this infimum taken over all such f. We show that for rational b, /spl Xi/(b)=(1/s), where (1+b/2)=(r/s) (r and s relatively prime). Developing the theory of uniform distribution of sequences to suit our problem, we then explore the case where b is irrational. We prove a new metrical theorem concerning multidimensional Diophantine approximation type from which we show that for (Lebesgue) almost all biases b, /spl Xi/(b)=0. Finally, we show that algebraic biases exhibit curious "boundary" behavior, falling into two classes. Class 1. Those algebraics b for which /spl Xi/(b)>0 and, furthermore, c/sub 1//spl les//spl Xi/(b)/spl les/c/sub 2/ where c/sub 1/ and c/sub 2/ are positive constants depending only on b's algebraic characteristics. Class 2. Those algebraics b for which there exist n>0 and f: {-1,1}/sup n//spl rarr/{-1,1} so that E(f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/))=0. Notice that this classification excludes the possibility that n/spl radic/(|E(f(X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/))| limits to zero (for algebraics). For rational and algebraic biases, we also study the computational problem by restricting f to be a polynomial time computable function. Finally, we discuss natural extensions where output distributions other than the uniform distribution on {-1,1} are sought.
Worms, Life, and Death (Nobel Lecture). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Continuous infusion of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent mucosal melanoma: A real-world cohort study. (2021)

e21517 Background: Mucosal melanoma is rare and has distinct clinical and genetic features. Even with advances in targeted and immune therapy, the survival of patients with advanced or recurrent mucosal melanomas remains poor. The standard treatment remains controversial and we conducted this real-world study aimed to test continuous intravenous Endostar infusion plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent mucosal melanoma in the first-line setting. Methods: In total, all 43 patients with advanced or recurrent mucosal melanoma treated at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between April 2017 and August 2020 were retrospectively included. Patients received dacarbazine plus cisplatin or temozolomide plus cisplatin regimens per the investigators’ preference. Endostar (105 mg/m 2 ) was administered with continuous infusion for 168 hours (Civ 168h). Results: Of the 43 patients, 72.1% had metastatic disease, and 27.9% had locally advanced disease. The most common primary site was the gastrointestinal tract (51.2%), followed by the sinonasal tract (32.6%) and genitourinary tract (14.0%). The most commonly observed mutation was NRAS (23.1%), followed by BRAF (7.7%) and CKIT (5.1%). An objective response was observed in 12 (30.0%) of the 40 evaluable patients, and disease control was achieved in 31 (77.5%) patients. With a median follow-up of 17.6 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.9 and 15.3 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated a high lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was significantly correlated with favorable PFS (p = 0.012, hazard ratio [HR] 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10-0.76). Additionally, a high LMR (p = 0.023, HR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.84) and BRAF/KIT/RAS mutation (p = 0.028, HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86) were independently correlated with prolonged OS. Toxicity was manageable overall. Conclusions: Continuous Endostar infusion in combination with chemotherapy was effective and safe for the treatment of advanced or recurrent mucosal melanoma. Additionally, a high LMR was correlated with favorable PFS and OS in this patient population.
Amino-p-benzoquinone Adducts and Polymers as Adhesion Promoters for Steel (2000)

Abstract Phenolic and quinonoid compounds are widely studied in biological sciences because of their ability to chelate heavy metals like iron and copper and recently have found new applications in synthetic macromolecules. Amino-p-benzoquinone polymers, poly[(2,5-hexamethylenediamino)-1,4-benzoquinone] and poly{[2,5-(2,2′-bistrifluoromethyl)-4,4′-biphenylenediamino]1,4-benzoquinone} were synthesized and evaluated as adhesion promoters for steel/epoxy joints. An improvement in the torsional shear strength of these joints was observed when these polymers were used as adhesion promoters. The durability of the adhesive bond was also improved after boiling water treatment, relative to untreated and silane-treated joints. The improvement in adhesion could be attributed to the formation of a chelate between the polyaminoquinone (PAQ) and the iron surface and a chemical reaction between the PAQ and the epoxy resin. A low molecular weight model compound, bis[2,5-(4-methylanilido)]-1,4-benzoquinone, was also used to study coupling between the epoxy adhesive and the steel surface. Electron spin resonance (ESR), atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to document the epoxy-coupling agent reaction and the chelate formation.
Pulmonary Effects after Acute Inhalation of Oil Dispersant (COREXIT EC9500A) in Rats (2011)

COREXIT EC9500A (COREXIT) was used to disperse crude oil during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. While the environmental impact of COREXIT has been examined, the pulmonary effects are unknown. Investigations were undertaken to determine whether inhaled COREXIT elicits airway inflammation, alters pulmonary function or airway reactivity, or exerts pharmacological effects. Male rats were exposed to COREXIT (mean 27 mg/m(3), 5 h). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on d 1 and 7 postexposure. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin were measured as indices of lung injury; macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were quantified to evaluate inflammation; and oxidant production by macrophages and neutrophils was measured. There were no significant effects of COREXIT on LDH, albumin, inflammatory cell levels or oxidant production at either time point. In conscious animals, neither breathing frequency nor specific airway resistance were altered at 1 hr, 1 d and 7 d postexposure. Airway resistance responses to methacholine (MCh) aerosol in anesthetized animals were unaffected at 1 and 7 d postexposure, while dynamic compliance responses were decreased after 1 d but not 7 d. In tracheal strips, in the presence or absence of MCh, low concentrations of COREXIT (0.001% v/v) elicited relaxation; contraction occurred at 0.003-0.1% v/v. In isolated, perfused trachea, intraluminally applied COREXIT produced similar effects but at higher concentrations. COREXIT inhibited neurogenic contractile responses of strips to electrical field stimulation. Our findings suggest that COREXIT inhalation did not initiate lung inflammation, but may transiently increase the difficulty of breathing.
The impact of prostate cancer on overall cancer stage migration over time. (2016)

35 Background: To define cancer stage migration according to year of diagnosis and type of cancer diagnosis. Methods: Cancer stage, site, and year of diagnosis information were retrieved from an academic radiation oncology center's database. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to assess changes over time. Results: From 2005 to 2014, 12,807 newly diagnosed patients (pts) were seen. The distribution of pts by stage was 2% stage 0, 17% stage I, 33% stage II, 16% stage III, and 32% stage IV. The pattern of stage distribution significantly changed over time as seen in the table (p = 0.0016). For 4 of the 5 most commonly seen cancers, (female breast, lung, esophagus, head and neck, and prostate (CaP)) over time fewer late stage cancers were diagnosed or had no change in stage. The only exception was CaP, the largest number of pts (26.5% of total). In 2005, 10.76% of new CaP cases presented with stage IV disease, dipped to 4.6% in 2011, and rose to 8.47% in 2014 (p &lt; 0.0001). The changes in stage I definition accounted for the increase seen in stage I disease, but could not account for the dip and subsequent increase in stage IV disease. Conclusions: The presentation of cancer by stage has changed over time, and it was predominately driven by CaP. The changes seen in stage IV CaP incidence in which it fell and then rose over the study period suggests that global practice changes may be present. An increased preference for active surveillance, recommendations against PSA screening, and increasing insurance deductibles may have favored a delay in treating/diagnosing CaP pts in the recent past. [Table: see text]
Real-time wash-free detection of unlabeled PNA-DNA hybridization using discrete FET sensor (2017)

We demonstrate an electrochemical sensor for detection of unlabeled single-stranded DNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes coupled to the field-effect transistor (FET) gate. The label-free detection relies on the intrinsic charge of the DNA backbone. Similar detection schemes have mainly concentrated on sensitivity improvement with an emphasis on new sensor structures. Our approach focuses on using an extended-gate that separates the FET and the sensing electrode yielding a simple and mass fabricable device. We used PNA probes for efficient hybridization in low salt conditions that is required to avoid the counter ion screening. As a result, significant part of the target DNA lies within the screening length of the sensor. With this, we achieved a wash-free detection where typical gate potential shifts are more than 70 mV with 1 µM target DNA. We routinely obtained a real-time, label- and wash-free specific detection of target DNA in nanomolar concentration with low-cost electronics and the responses were achieved within minutes after introducing targets to the solution. Furthermore, the results suggest that the sensor performance is limited by specificity rather than by sensitivity and using low-cost electronics does not limit the sensor performance in the presented sensor configuration.
A New Isolation Technique for Reverse Blocking IGBT with Ion Implantation and Laser Annealing to Tapered Chip Edge Sidewalls (2006)

This paper presents a new isolation technique for high breakdown voltage RB-IGBT, whose termination area is extremely small in comparison with conventional isolation technique with thermal diffusion. The p+ isolation layer for the reverse blocking capability was successively fabricated with negligible thermal budget by means of ion implantation and laser annealing to the chip edges. Sufficient blocking capability over 1200V was demonstrated with the new method
Unifying heterogeneous distributed clinical data in a relational database. (1993)

Access to clinical data which are distributed among multiple satellite information systems is crucial to delivering better care and reducing costs in many hospitals and medical centers. An integrated view of these data is needed to reduce the effort of users requiring data from multiple systems. We have addressed the issue of distributed data integration while developing both production and research decision-support applications. We describe an ideal integration solution, obstacles to realizing this solution, and our integration requirements and architecture. Our focus is a description of our specific schema and data integration techniques. We conclude with an analysis of our approach.
Precision optical and microwave synthesis of atomic clock frequencies with optical frequency combs (2022)

Low noise microwave signals, generated by coherent division from optical atomic clock signals with an optical frequency comb, are amongst the lowest noise and highest stability of both room temperature and cryogenic electronic sources. The latter conversion is necessary for the realization of timescales, and redefinition of the SI second, from next generation atomic clocks. To this end, I will describe a highly robust technique that uses feedforward to suppress noise in optical-to-microwave division. This technique also supports the simultaneous conversion of multiple independent optical signals to microwave signals with a single comb, permitting the independent synthesis of microwave signals from multiple atomic clocks with accuracy near 1 part in 10-18.
Perceptual Loss Based Speech Denoising with an Ensemble of Audio Pattern Recognition and Self-Supervised Models (2021)

Deep learning based speech denoising still suffers from the challenge of improving perceptual quality of enhanced signals. We introduce a generalized framework called Perceptual Ensemble Regularization Loss (PERL) built on the idea of perceptual losses. Perceptual loss discourages distortion to certain speech properties and we analyze it using six large-scale pre-trained models: speaker classification, acoustic model, speaker embedding, emotion classification, and two self-supervised speech encoders (PASE+, wav2vec 2.0). We first build a strong baseline (w/o PERL) using Conformer Transformer Networks on the popular enhancement benchmark called VCTK-DEMAND. Using auxiliary models one at a time, we find acoustic event and self-supervised model PASE+ to be most effective. Our best model (PERL-AE) only uses acoustic event model (utilizing AudioSet) to outperform state-of-the-art methods on major perceptual metrics. To explore if denoising can leverage full framework, we use all networks but find that our seven-loss formulation suffers from the challenges of Multi-Task Learning. Finally, we report a critical observation that state-of-the-art Multi-Task weight learning methods cannot outperform hand tuning, perhaps due to challenges of domain mismatch and weak complementarity of losses.
Model of the B2 → R martensitic transformation in alloys with a B2 superstructure (2012)

Various B2 → R structural transformations that can occur through an intermediate R 0 structure belonging to the space group D 3 3 have been considered. Subgroups with a hexagonal lattice (group D 3 3 ) related to the symmetry breakdown of the R 0 structure due to atomic displacements with wave vectors belonging to the two-arm star $$K_{13}^H = \left\{ {k_1^H = \frac{1} {3}\left( {b_1^H + b_2^H } \right),k_2^H = - k_1^H } \right\}$$ , where b 1 and b 2 are the reciprocal-lattice vectors of the hexagonal system, have been calculated. A crystallographic model of the possible transformations of the B2 structure into the R martensite, which has a single (common for all transformations) order parameter, has been suggested.
Development of a Simple and Effective Lipid-A Antagonist Based on Computational Prediction (2022)

Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by bacterial infection and a subsequent massive systemic inflammatory response. In an effort to identify compounds that block lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation reported herein is the development of simple Lipid-A analogues that lack a disaccharide core yet still possess potent antagonistic activity against LPS. The structure of the new lead compound was developed based on predictive computational experiments. LPS antagonism by the lead compound was not straightforward, and a biphasic effect was observed suggesting a possibility of more than one binding site. An IC<sub>50</sub> value of 13 nM for the new compound was determined for the possible high affinity site. The combination of computational, synthetic, and biological studies revealed new structural determinants of these simplified analogues. It is expected that the acquired information will aid future design of LPS targeting glycopharmaceuticals.
Characterizing the Path Coverage of Random Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in security monitoring applications to sense and report specific activities in a field. In path coverage, for example, the network is in charge of monitoring a path and discovering any intruder trying to cross it. In this paper, we investigate the path coverage properties of a randomly deployed wireless sensor network when the number of sensors and also the length of the path are finite. As a consequence, Boolean model, which has been widely used previously, is not applicable. Using results from geometric probability, we determine the probability of full path coverage, distribution of the number of uncovered gaps over the path, and the probability of having no uncovered gaps larger than a specific size. We also find the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the covered part of the path. Based on our results on the probability of full path coverage, we derive a tight upper bound for the number of nodes guaranteeing the full path coverage with a desired reliability. Through computer simulations, it is verified that for networks with nonasymptotic size, our analysis is accurate where the Boolean model can be inaccurate.
Preparation and Characterization of a Polyrotaxane Consisting of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol) and .alpha.-Cyclodextrins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of a Polyrotaxane Consisting of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol) and .alpha.-CyclodextrinsAkira Harada, Jun Li, and Mikiharu KamachiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8, 3192–3196Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00087a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2668Altmetric-Citations256LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (564 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of a Gain-Scheduling Anti-Swing Controller for Tower Cranes Using Fuzzy Clustering Techniques (2006)

The main objective of this paper is to design a fast, non-expensive and practical controller for tower cranes. The controllers are designed to transfer the loads from point to point, as fast as possible, and at the same time the load swing is kept small during the transfer process. Moreover, variations of the system parameters such as cable length are taken into consideration. It is shown how the state feedback controllers along with the gain scheduling could be used for a time varying linear model with varying parameters. For this reason, linear controllers are designed for a number of operating points, where their parameters are interpolated for conditions in between. In this way, a globally nonlinear controller is obtained. However, the selection of the operating points and the design of the interpolation scheme remains a time-consuming procedure. In order to reduce the design efforts, an automated procedure for determination of the number of operating points and their locations using fuzzy clustering have been proposed. This approach also provides the interpolation mechanism, using membership functions, for the local controller parameters.
Reflections on Truth, Objectivity and Meta-ethics (2000)

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.