gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure and Chemical State of Surface of Electrodeposited Zn-Fe-Cr Alloy Coating. (2002)

The crystal structure and chemical state of the surface of electrodeposited Zn-Fe-Cr coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction and XPS. The X-ray diffraction patterns of Zn-Fe-Cr deposits with different compositions indicated that the crystal structure of electrodeposited Zn-Fe-Cr coating was almost the same as that of electrodeposited Zn-Fe coating. The X-ray photoelectron spectra of the Zn-Fe-Cr deposit with 70.3 mass% Fe -6.5 mass% Cr obtained after Ar sputtering showed that the surface layer of the deposit consists of oxide or hydroxide, while the ratio of metallic elements gradually increased inside of the surface layer. This interesting structural feature of electrodeposited Zn-Fe-Cr coating can be explained by the deposition mechanism such as a hydroxide suppression mechanism and an induced co-deposition by iron-group metals proposed previously.
Bernoulli Factories and Black-box Reductions in Mechanism Design (2021)

We provide a polynomial time reduction from Bayesian incentive compatible mechanism design to Bayesian algorithm design for welfare maximization problems. Unlike prior results, our reduction achieves exact incentive compatibility for problems with multi-dimensional and continuous type spaces. The key technical barrier preventing exact incentive compatibility in prior black-box reductions is that repairing violations of incentive constraints requires understanding the distribution of the mechanism’s output, which is typically #P-hard to compute. Reductions that instead estimate the output distribution by sampling inevitably suffer from sampling error, which typically precludes exact incentive compatibility. We overcome this barrier by employing and generalizing the computational model in the literature on Bernoulli Factories . In a Bernoulli factory problem, one is given a function mapping the bias of an “input coin” to that of an “output coin,” and the challenge is to efficiently simulate the output coin given only sample access to the input coin. This is the key ingredient in designing an incentive compatible mechanism for bipartite matching, which can be used to make the approximately incentive compatible reduction of Hartline et al. [18] exactly incentive compatible.
Clinical and histologic study of endoscopic duodenitis. (1991)

Duodenitis was investigated by endoscopy in 93 cases from among 1242 subjects. Endoscopic duodenitis was classified into three types endoscopically--reddening type, erosive type and nodular type. There was a relatively high correlation between the endoscopic and the histological diagnosis of duodenitis. Severely inflamed cases were found histologically more frequently in erosive- or nodular-type duodenitis than in reddening-type duodenitis. During the follow-up period, changes in endoscopic findings were observed more frequently, from the erosive type to the reddening type, and from the reddening type to normal. There were no cases which subsequently developed duodenal ulcers. We found a significantly high incidence of "endoscopic duodenitis" in uremic patients who had been given regular dialysis, and not in hepatic cirrhosis patients.
Preventing Surgical Site Infections Using a Natural, Biodegradable, Antibacterial Coating on Surgical Sutures (2017)

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common nosocomial infections, which can result in serious complications after surgical interventions. Foreign materials such as implants or surgical sutures are optimal surfaces for the adherence of bacteria and subsequent colonization and biofilm formation. Due to a significant increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, naturally occurring agents exhibiting antibacterial properties have great potential in prophylactic therapies. The aim of this study was to develop a coating for surgical sutures consisting of the antibacterial substance totarol, a naturally occurring diterpenoid isolated from <i>Podocarpus</i><i>totara</i> in combination with poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide acid) (PLGA) as a biodegradable drug delivery system. Hence, non-absorbable monofilament and multifilament sutures were coated with solutions containing different amounts and ratios of totarol and PLGA, resulting in a smooth, crystalline coating. Using an agar diffusion test (ADT), it became evident that the PLGA/totarol-coated sutures inhibited the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> over a period of 15 days. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the coated sutures were not cytotoxic to murine fibroblasts. Overall, the data indicates that our innovative, biodegradable suture coating has the potential to reduce the risk of SSIs and postoperative biofilm-formation on suture material without adverse effects on tissue.
An iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol moiety is the key structure of the E-signal in Myxococcus xanthus (2015)

The E-signal is one of five intercellular signals (named A- to E-signal) guiding fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus, and it has been shown to be a combination of the branched-chain fatty acid (FA) iso-15 : 0 and the diacylmonoalkyl ether lipid TG1. Developmental mutants HB015 (Δbkd MXAN_4265::kan) and elbD (MXAN_1528::kan) are blocked at different stages of fruiting body and spore formation as they cannot form the required iso-FA or the actual ether lipid, respectively. In order to define the structural basis of the E-signal, different mono- and triglycerides containing ether or ester bonds were synthesized and used for complementation of these mutants. Here, the monoalkylglyceride dl-1-O-(13-methyltetradecyl)glycerol exhibited comparably high levels of complementation in both mutants, restoring fruiting body and spore formation, identifying iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol, part of the natural lipid TG1, as the 'signalophore' of E-signalling.
Spectroscopic and computational investigation of actinium coordination chemistry (2016)

Actinium-225 is a promising isotope for targeted-α therapy. Unfortunately, progress in developing chelators for medicinal applications has been hindered by a limited understanding of actinium chemistry. This knowledge gap is primarily associated with handling actinium, as it is highly radioactive and in short supply. Hence, Ac(III) reactivity is often inferred from the lanthanides and minor actinides (that is, Am, Cm), with limited success. Here we overcome these challenges and characterize actinium in HCl solutions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics density functional theory. The Ac-Cl and Ac-OH2O distances are measured to be 2.95(3) and 2.59(3) Å, respectively. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy comparisons between Ac(III) and Am(III) in HCl solutions indicate Ac(III) coordinates more inner-sphere Cl(1-) ligands (3.2±1.1) than Am(III) (0.8±0.3). These results imply diverse reactivity for the +3 actinides and highlight the unexpected and unique Ac(III) chemical behaviour.
Investigation of Polymeric and Mixed Metal Oxide Fluids for Use in Well Intervention Operations (2004)

Abstract This paper describes an investigation into the characteristics of various biopolymer and mixed metal oxide fluids for potential application in well intervention operations. Poor hole cleaning is experienced on many well intervention jobs with coiled tubing and even with hydraulic workover units because of lower circulation rates compared with conventional drilling operations. This can lead to stuck pipe (illustrated by two case histories) and is an expensive problem worldwide. Currently used products are poorly characterised in terms of their viscosity at elevated temperature and at the low shear rates encountered under the pipe in deviated, eccentric annuli. The investigation involved rheological measurements on xanthan, welan, diutan and scleroglucan polymers on a Bohlin rheometer at shear rates of 0.001–1000 s-1 and temperatures 50-175°C. Two mixed metal oxide fluids were also tested as a comparison. The fluids were tested on a Chan rheometer (with identical geometry to the common Fann 35) to investigate correlations. These experiments were complimented by hydraulics analysis and by tests to determine the resistance of the various fluids to contamination by cement. A simple suspension test was also performed using material simulating common cuttings produced in well intervention operations. We also describe the results of treatments designed to break the viscosity of the various fluids prior to flow through the production separators. Finally, a case history is presented of a successful well intervention operation on a high-temperature well using viscous mixed metal oxide pills.
Trions in cylindrical nanowires with a dielectric mismatch (2007)

We investigated the lowest energy levels of trions (charged excitons) in freestanding nanowires with strong lateral carrier confinement. Within the adiabatic approximation, the three-particle problem reduces to an effective two-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation for the relative motion which is solved numerically. Dielectric mismatch effects are taken into account, which results in a distorted Coulomb interaction between the charged particles. We obtain the ``bright'' singlet and triplet trion binding energies and we found that the negatively charged exciton is always less stable than the positively charged exciton in a wire with a hole to electron mass ratio $\ensuremath{\sigma}&gt;1$. The pair correlation functions and the conditional probabilities are calculated, which visualizes the correlation between the particles in the wire.
Design and analysis of transmitting and receiving characteristics of a small MIMO array antenna with a matched load (2009)

A new design formulas for a NtimesN matching network for an array antenna with mutual coupling is presented. Using matching conditions, decoupling between excitation ports and beam orthogonality have been explicitly verified. Numerical results of the antenna pattern in the vertical plane suggest that the received power of a two elements array is two times larger than a single dipole. A method for enhancing frequency characteristics and a new definition of a receiving antenna efficiency are also proposed.
TMIC-73. HIGH-DIMENSIONAL HISTOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE HYPOXIC MICROENVIRONMENT IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2022)

Abstract Rapidly growing solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) are characteristically hypoxic, displaying large areas of necrosis surrounded by hyperproliferative pseudopalisading cells. Intra-tumoral hypoxia develops over time in the three-dimensional space and the degree of tissue oxygenation is a dynamic process that varies continuously. Combined with the extensive inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity associated with GBM at the bulk and single cell level, hypoxia contributes to a gradient of molecular alterations that are specific to the different cell populations that make up the bulk of the tumor and reside in specific niches. To date, high dimensional histopathologic analyses of the hypoxic regions within GBM tissue have not been performed. Here, we took a combined spatial and single-cell proteomic profiling approach to investigate the histopathologic features of hypoxia by leveraging a unique clinical study where the exogenous hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIMO) is administered to patients with GBM prior to surgery. Tissue specimens were subjected to imaging mass cytometry and serial immunohistochemistry using a panel of 27 markers associated with cellular hallmarks of hypoxia, metabolism, proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis, and immune cell types. We took high-resolution imaging and statistical approaches to explore the interplay of the different markers within hypoxic regions of primary and recurrent GBMs, in addition to IDH-mutant gliomas. Our findings elucidate the expression pattern of key biological markers relative to one another, altered composition of different cell types, along with differential proliferative, transcriptional, and translational activation states associated with each cell type within the hypoxic regions of GBM.
A Transient Niche Regulates the Specification of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cells (2010)

Stem cell niches are locations where stem cells reside and self-renew. Although studies have shown how niches maintain stem cell fate during tissue homeostasis, less is known about their roles in establishing stem cells. The adult Drosophila midgut is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); however, how they are established is unknown. Here, we show that an ISC progenitor generates a niche cell via Notch signaling. This niche uses the bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 homolog, decapentaplegic, to allow progenitors to divide in an undifferentiated state and subsequently breaks down and dies, resulting in the specification of ISCs in the adult midgut. Our results demonstrate a paradigm for stem cell-niche biology, where progenitors generate transient niches that determine stem cell fate and may give insights into stem cell specification in other tissues.
Antioxidant activity and chemical difference in fruit of differentActinidiasp. (2010)

The present research aimed at evaluating the vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents, as well as antioxidant activity (AAC) of six Actinidia species fruit. Vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and chlorophylls were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. TPC was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, and AAC using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest concentrations of vitamin C and TPC were found for Actinidia kolomikta fruit (1008.3 and 634.1 mg/100 g fresh weight [FW], respectively). Among phenolic compounds, seven phenolic acids and three flavonoids were identified. The 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid prevailed in A. kolomikta (425.54 mg/100 g FW), while tannic acid dominated in other species (4.63-100.43 mg/100 g FW). The largest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids were identified as Actinidia macrosperma (4.02 and 2.09 mg/100 g FW, respectively). The AAC of fruit extracts decreased in the order of A. kolomikta > Actinidia purpurea > Actinidia melanandra > A. macrosperma > Actinidia arguta > Actinidia deliciosa according to the DPPH assay.
Absolute Configurations of Naturally Occurring [5]- and [3]-Ladderanoic Acids: Isolation, Chiroptical Spectroscopy, and Crystallography (2018)

We have isolated mixtures of [5]- and [3]-ladderanoic acids 1a and 2a from the biomass of an anammox bioreactor and have separated the acids and their phenacyl esters for the first time by HPLC. The absolute configurations of the naturally occurring acids and their phenacyl esters are assigned as R at the site of side-chain attachment by comparison of experimental specific rotations with corresponding values predicted using quantum chemical (QC) methods. The absolute configurations for 1a and 2a were independently verified by comparison of experimental Raman optical activity spectra with corresponding spectra predicted using QC methods. The configurational assignments of 1a and 2a and of the phenacyl ester of 1a were also confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Tenascin-C expression and its associated pathway in BMSCs following co-culture with mechanically stretched ligament fibroblasts (2017)

The occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is closely associated with alterations in the extracellular matrix proteins of the supporting ligament. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts, chondroblasts and adipocytes. Therefore, BMSCs have the potential to improve the clinical outcomes of POP. Tenascin‑C is a large glycoprotein that is present in the ECM and is involved in morphogenetic movements, and tissue patterning and repair. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical stretching on tenascin‑C expression during the differentiation of BMSCs induced by pelvic ligament fibroblasts. BMSCs were isolated from 7‑day‑old Sprague Dawley rats. Fibroblasts were obtained from rat pelvic ligaments and, at the fourth passage, were subjected to 10% deformation with 1 Hz, periodic one‑way mechanical stretch stimulation, followed by co‑culture with BMSCs. The co‑culture with stretched fibroblasts increased tenascin‑C and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β expression levels, compared with groups without mechanical stimulation. Neutralizing anti‑TGF‑β1 antibodies, and inhibitors of TGF‑β receptor, mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and MAPK, decreased tenascin‑C expression levels induced by TGF‑β and mechanical stretching. The results of the present study suggested that the regulation of tenascin‑C expression levels in BMSCs co‑cultured with mechanically stretched pelvic ligament fibroblasts is mediated via the soluble growth factor TGF‑β and the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, these results indicated that in an indirect co‑culture system, pelvic ligament fibroblasts with mechanical stretch stimulation may promote the synthesis of tenascin‑C and BMSC differentiation into pelvic ligament fibroblasts.
The Value of RFID Technology Enabled Information to Manage Perishables (2009)

Bibliographic data and classifications of all the ERIM reports are also available on the ERIM website: www.erim.eur.nl
Key Lessons in Mobile Applications (1993)

mobile data, cellular data, infra-red cellphone interface, locator This paper describes some of our investigations into mobile applications and proposes a standard interface to mobile phones for computing devices. This interface is based on experience from a number of experimental systems we have built, and outlines the consequent thinking that lead to our proposal for a simple computer interface for mobile communications. The interface is based on the 115kb/s infra-red interface that is being promoted by the Infra Red Data Association [1]. We describe the interface in two ways; one is based on a structural block model, the second uses the OSI model of communications.
Introduction (1991)

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A sophisticated metrology solution for advanced lithography: addressing the most stringent needs of today as well as future lithography (2009)

Advanced lithography is becoming increasingly demanding when speed and sophistication in communication between litho and metrology (feedback control) are most crucial. Overall requirements are so extreme that all measures must be taken in order to meet them. This is directly driving the metrology resolution, precision and matching needs in to deep sub-nanometer level [4]. Keeping the above in mind, a new scatterometry-based platform is under development at ASML. Authors have already published results of a thorough investigation of this promising new metrology technique which showed excellent results on resolution, precision and matching for overlay, as well as basic and advanced capabilities for CD [1], [2], [3]. In this technical presentation the authors will report the newest results from this ASML platform. This new work was divided in two sections: monitor wafer applications (scanner control - overlay, CD and focus) and product wafer applications.
In situ glucosylceramide synthesis and its pharmacological inhibition analysed in cells by 13C5‐sphingosine precursor feeding and mass spectrometry (2022)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) fulfil diverse functions in cells. Abnormalities in their metabolism are associated with specific pathologies and, consequently, the pharmacological modulation of GSLs is considered a therapeutic avenue. The accurate measurement of in situ metabolism of GSLs and the modulatory impact of drugs is warranted. Employing synthesised sphingosine and sphinganine containing <sup>13</sup> C atoms, we developed a method to monitor the de novo synthesis of glucosylceramide, the precursor of complex GSLs, by the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). We show that feeding cells with isotope-labelled precursor combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis allows accurate determination of the IC<sub>50</sub> values of therapeutically considered inhibitors (iminosugars and ceramide mimics) of GCS in cultured cells. Acquired data were comparable to those obtained with an earlier method using artificial fluorescently labelled ceramide to feed cells.
Interface electronic structures of zinc oxide and metals: First‐principle study (2008)

Abstract Electronic structures and carrier transport properties were studied based on ab‐initio calculations for Au/ZnO/Au and Mg/ZnO/Mg two‐probe models. Quantum‐mechanically stable structures were obtained by density functional calculations. Electron transmission spectra and current–voltage characteristics were calculated based on a non‐equilibrium Green function method with the relaxed structures. It was found that the electronic structures of the idealized models were a Schottky contact for the Au/ZnO/Au interface and an ohmic contact for the Mg/ZnO/Mg interface. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self-calibration of divided circles on the basis of a prime factor algorithm (2007)

A new method for the self-calibration of divided circles is presented which is based on a known prime factor algorithm for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The method, called prime factor division (PFD) calibration, is of interest in angle metrology specially for self-calibrating angle encoders, and generally for a significant shortening of the cross-calibration between two divided circles. It requires that the circular division number N can be expressed as a product N = R × S, whereby the factors R and S are relatively prime integer numbers. For the self-calibration of a divided circle, N difference measurements between R angle positions in a regular distribution and one reference angle position determined by S are evaluated by a two-dimensional DFT, yielding the N absolute division errors. The factor R is preferably chosen small, down to a minimum of R = 2, whereas the factor S may be as large as appropriate for the division number N of interest. In the case of a cross-calibration between two divided circles, the PFD method reduces the number of measurements necessary from N2 to (R + 1) × N. Experimental results are demonstrated for the calibrations of an optical polygon with 24 faces (prime factor product 3 × 8) and a gearwheel with 44 teeth (prime factor product 4 × 11).
Simulation of Pareto distributed temporally and spatially correlated low grazing angle sea clutter (2014)

This paper proposes a procedure for simulation of the temporally and spatially correlated low grazing angle sea clutter based on the statistical and correlated characteristics. The magnitudes are Pareto distributed and the temporal correlation characteristics in separated range bins are different from each other. Firstly, the memoryless nonlinear transform (MNLT) is adopted to directly simulate the Pareto distributed high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of the temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter from coherent pulses. Secondly, by utilizing the approximately linear relationship between the central Doppler frequency and the magnitude of low grazing angle sea clutter, Doppler spectrum of each range bin is modeled. Then, the alternating projection (AP) approach is used to retrieve the phases of sea clutter with desired Doppler spectrum and given magnitudes. Finally, simulation results show the Pareto distributed temporally and spatially correlated sea clutter with desired spatial correlation function and range resolved Doppler spectra.
A facile method for the synthesis of Co-core Au-shell nanohybrid (2014)

Heterostructured Co–Au core–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized by reducing AuCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> ions on cobalt nanoparticles after a minor but effective modification of cobalt surface by an amine.