gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydration of Gas Phase Proteins:  Folded +5 and Unfolded +7 Charge States of Cytochrome c (1997)

Free energy changes for the first steps in the hydration of the +5 and +7 charge states of gas-phase cytochrome c have been determined from equilibrium constant measurements at 271 K. Previous ion mobility studies (Shelimov, K. B.; Jarrold, M. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10313) indicate that the +5 charge state is tightly folded in the gas phase, while the +7 charge state is partially unfolded under the conditions employed. Free energy changes have been determined for the adsorption of the first nine water molecules on the folded +5 charge state and the first five water molecules on the unfolded +7 charge state. The free energy changes for transfer from bulk water to the hydration shell of the protein are remarkably small, between −2 and −7 kJ mol-1, indicating that the charge is very effectively shielded in both the unfolded and folded conformations. The free energy changes for initial hydration of the folded +5 charge state are significantly more negative than for the unfolded +7 state. This may indicate that the charge is more effectively shielded in the unfolded +7 charge state, or the incorporation of some of the adsorbed water molecules as structural water molecules in the folded +5 charge state.
Three-Dimensional Flexible Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Logic Circuits Based On Two-Layer Stacks of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks (2016)

We have proposed and fabricated stable and repeatable, flexible, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin film transistor (TFT) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits based on a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Two layers of SWCNT-TFT devices were stacked, where one layer served as n-type devices and the other one served as p-type devices. On the basis of this method, it is able to save at least half of the area required to construct an inverter and make large-scale and high-density integrated CMOS circuits easier to design and manufacture. The 3D flexible CMOS inverter gain can be as high as 40, and the total noise margin is more than 95%. Moreover, the input and output voltage of the inverter are exactly matched for cascading. 3D flexible CMOS NOR, NAND logic gates, and 15-stage ring oscillators were fabricated on PI substrates with high performance as well. Stable electrical properties of these circuits can be obtained with bending radii as small as 3.16 mm, which shows that such a 3D structure is a reliable architecture and suitable for carbon nanotube electrical applications in complex flexible and wearable electronic devices.
Research on the cooperative BSs' number of coordinated Multi-Point Transmission with perfect feedback (2013)

The paper studies regional planning issues of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission with perfect feedback under single-user scenario. Given the downlink received signal expression and the definition of penalty factor, the net ergodic capacity optimization problem is derived. For this optimization problem, the capacity of non-CoMP and CoMP is analyzed and the optimization goal is simplified. Then the relation between net ergodic capacity and cooperative BSs' number is analyzed. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis curves are consistent with the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Preterm delivery: a public health perspective (2001)

And his daughter‐in‐law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant near to giving birth, and got to hear the report that the ark of the true God was captured and that her father‐in‐law and her husband had died. At that she bowed herself and began giving birth, because her pangs came unexpectedly upon her.
Onychomycosis treated with a dilute povidone&ndash;iodine/dimethyl sulfoxide preparation (2015)

The topical povidone-iodine/DMSO system was very effective in this case at alleviating the signs and symptoms of onychomycosis. This novel combination warrants further investigation in randomized, controlled trials to further elucidate its clinical utility.
Observations on the Density Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Particulate Materials (1983)

Based on information in the published literature, the analysis reported herein indicates that linear relationships can be expected between functions of the dielectric properties of particulate materials and their densities. The linearity of the square root of the dielectric constant of the air-particle mixture with mixture density and the linearity of the cube root with density are consistent with published mixture formulae that imply the additivity of the volume-weighted square roots and cube roots, respectively, of the dielectric constants of the constituents of the mixture. Although both relationships should be valid for most practical applications, the cubic relationship predicted the dielectric constants of pulverized coal, whole-wheat flour, and whole-kernel wheat more accurately than did the quadratic relationship. Accuracy of the predictions decreased with increasing particle size. A linear relationship was also demonstrated between √ϵ″r + e and density, where √″r represents the dielectric loss factor, and e is a constant that depends on the particulate material.
Physical Layer Authentication Scheme in Beamspace MIMO Systems (2022)

The broadcast nature of wireless communication makes it vulnerable to various security threats such as spoofing attacks. Physical layer (PL) authentication has emerged as a promising and powerful approach to secure future wireless technologies for next-generation communication networks. In this work, we propose a PL authentication scheme against spoofing attacks based on a novel distance signature that exploits the properties of beamspace multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks. The proposed signature is derived from the positions of the principal components in beamspace channel domain by measuring their displacement from the original point and sorting the distance values in descending order based on the phases of the principal components. In addition, a mutual coupling effect is introduced into the system, which is a hardware property of multiple antenna design. This is then combined with the proposed distance signature to form a hybrid signature that further improves the authentication performance. Simulation results have confirmed the validity and effectiveness of our proposed system in terms of detection rate and false alarm.
An Investigation of Ejector Design by Analysis and Experiment (1950)

Abstract A one-dimensional method of analysis of jet pumps or ejectors is presented. The analysis considers mixing of the primary and secondary streams at constant pressure, and mixing of the streams at constant area. For the analytical conditions considered, better performance can be obtained when constant-pressure mixing is employed. A comparison between experimental and analytical results shows good agreement over a broad range of variables. Some experimental data on the length of tube required for mixing of the two streams are presented. A method for jet-pump design is given.
Improvement of optical and electronic properties in broken gap mid-wave infrared laser materials (2001)

Summary form only given. Midwave Infrared (MWIR) laser materials based on InAs/Ga(In)Sb broken-gap superlattices (SLs) and quantum wells have been attractive due to their potential superior performance. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of these materials, however, has been challenging because intermixing mechanisms can occur at the interfaces due to the non-common atom nature of InAs/Ga(In)Sb structures. These mechanisms include cross incorporation, segregation, and exchange. The induced interface roughness and the presence of the resultant non-radiative impurities deteriorate the optical and transport properties of these materials. Hence, control of the interface composition and uniformity has been critical to the reduction of these impurities in the broken-gap structures.
Cleavable surfactants (2000)

Abstract Cleavable surfactants are of interest for several reasons. Above all, the development of surfactants with weak bonds deliberately built into the structure is driven by the need for improved biodegradability of amphiphiles. The breakdown may be catalyzed by enzymes, and biodegradation would be the normal mechanism in sewage plants. Alternatively, the surfactant may degrade by chemical means, e.g., induced by acid, alkali, ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, or ozone. Acid‐ and alkali‐labile surfactants have attracted particular attention, and there is often a compromise between required stability at one stage and ease of breakdown at a subsequent stage. The paper reviews the main routes used to prepare cleavable surfactants and points out advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Emphasis is placed on the development during recent years. Cyclic and acyclic acetals, ketals, and ortho esters are the most important types of bonds for the preparation of acid‐labile surfactants, whereas alkali‐labile amphiphiles usually are based on ester bonds. The ester bond approach has been particularly important for cationic surfactants, and so‐called ester quats have rapidly taken a large share of the traditional market for quats. Betaine esters constitute a special class of ester with very pronounced pH dependence. UV‐labile surfactants based, for instance, on an azo bond, offer promise for the future.
Understanding the awareness, perception and practices of community healthcare workers for high risk antenatal cases: A survey conducted in India (2021)

Objectives: According to WHO, almost 15% pregnant women face the risk of developing complications during their gestational period. Although, the UN-mandated Millennium Development goal has prompted India to move towards achieving lower Maternal Mortality Ratio, almost 44,000 women die annually from high-risk pregnancy. Methods: The study delves into investigation with respect to the conditions of anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia, which are most common and critical in such cases of high-risk pregnancy. The scorebased questionnaire is used as a study instrument to assess the perception of ASHA workers towards these particular conditions. Data was recorded for all 90 ASHA workers who interact on a regular basis with pregnant women. Results: Our study showed that ASHA workers had average perception in GDM and preeclampsia, and above average perception in the condition of anemia. Knowledge gaps were observed in the referral management and practices of healthcare workers towards severely anemic patients. The healthcare workers had inadequate knowledge in the condition of GDM, its risk factors, the screening tests and threshold values to identify diabetes. Healthcare workers were not highly acquainted with the measurement of blood pressure, its standard reading, repeated measurement techniques, follow up urine tests for high blood pressure inflicted patients. Conclusions: The results suggest ASHA workers have limited knowledge in high-risk pregnancy cases and there might be a need for better training among healthcare workers and almost 90% of them had responded positively to the necessity of a portable screening device. There was observed no significant difference in the mean perception scores amongst subjects with respect to their age, education level and experience in the profession.
Piezoresistive Scanning Proximity Probes for Nanoscience (Piezoresistive Raster-Kraftsonden für die Nanowissenschaften) (2005)

Abstract This article is devoted to the realization of piezoresistive sensors used in scanning probe microscopy. It is expected that in the near future major technological breakthroughs in scanning proximal probe nanotools will allow for key scientific impact on analysis and synthesis of nanostructures. All the piezoresistive cantilever sensors described here are based on advanced silicon micromachining and standard CMOS processing. Moreover, using a newly optimized piezoresistive detection scheme process comprising a Wheatstone bridge, we have designed and fabricated piezoresistive cantilevers for atomic force microscopy, which improve surface topography resolution by an order of magnitude to 0.1 nm. The elegance of this concept is that by using an almost identical detection principle and differently functionalized tips or cantilever surfaces, we can detect subtle sample interactions (mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical) with a significantly more compact system than with optical beam deflection techniques. For noncontact scanning force microscopy, we integrate a thermally driven bimorph actuator with the piezoresistive cantilever and make use of direct-oscillation in a higher flexural mode. The cantilever then operates in the phase-shift atomic force microscopy (AFM) detection technique.
FPGA based sliding mode control for high frequency power converters (2004)

Virtual prototyping is essentially the process of incremental substitution of real hardware for simulation models as the individual parts of hardware become available. In this paper a standard, wide-bandwidth electrical power interface is presented. The interface will use high-switching-speed power switches, ultra fast ADC converters and a FPGA platform. The high switching speed of the power switches makes it possible to achieve extremely high closed-loop bandwidth, but it requires additional effort in control development. For this reason a discrete-time version of the sliding mode control algorithm is implemented and tested.
High-speed digital IC technologies (1990)

Considers facts concerning the various aspects of the high-speed IC issue (i.e. is there an optimum IC technology for high-speed digital systems?) and develops key concepts for a multilevel comparison among the competing technologies. Contributors including physicists, process engineers, chip design
Integrated Virus Detection (2014)

Multiple viruses can be detected concurrently using the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS). Integrated Virus Detection describes this technology and provides many examples of applications including a chapter on viruses found in honeybees with descriptions of seasonal and yearly variation. This straightforward technology can be used to detect
EFFECTS OF COMPARISON SHOPPING WEBSITES ON MARKET PERFORMANCE: DOES MARKET STRUCTURE MATTER? (2010)

The presence of Comparison Shopping (CS) websites not only allows consumers to gain quick access to multiple merchants‟ product offers, but also permits consumers to perform extensive comparison of products and prices prior to purchase. Given the significant reduction in search cost, it has been touted that CS websites can put merchants under increased price competition, resulting in commoditized markets, limited value of branding, and ultimately, convergence of prices to the competitive equilibrium. However, some studies suggest that lower search cost could make any price movement apparent to all participating merchants and hence promote price collusion. This research seeks to explicate the conditions under which CS websites are more likely or less likely to intensify market competition. Following the principles of experimental economics, we modeled and examined the impact of CS websites in many simulated markets featuring merchant characteristics (such as absence and presence of market power) and product type (such as commodity products and differentiated products). Through two series of experiments, we find that the lowering of search cost by CS websites could have opposite effects on market performance, depending on the underlying market structure.
New Morphology-controlled Poly(aniline) Synthesis Using Anionic Porphyrin Aggregate as a Template (2003)

Abstract It was found that 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS), which is known to aggregate in a one-dimensional direction in water, acted as a template for electrochemical polymerization of aniline on ITO electrode. Examinations using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV–vis spectroscopy established that J-aggregated TPPS molecules were entrapped in the resultant poly(aniline). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation established that poly(aniline) grew up to a nanosized rod-like structure, reflecting the aggregation structure of TPPS. It is a very novel and important finding that poly(aniline), which has been believed to result in only “rigid” film, can be morphologically controlled using a “template method”.
Gold and Palladium Hetero-Bis-NHC Complexes: Characterizations, Correlations, and Ligand Redistributions (2013)

10.1021/om400313r
Characteristics of Human Lymphoblastoid (Namalva) Interferon (1978)

Interferon derived from the human lymphoblastoid cell line, Namalva, was fractionated by antibody affinity chromatography into two antigenically distinct interferon subspecies. At least 13% of the total Namalva interferon activity possessed the F antigenic determinant found on human interferon derived from fibroblast cultures, while the bulk of the Namalva interferon activity had the Le antigenic determinant characteristic for human leukocyte interferon. The separated Le and F subspecies of Namalva interferon differed in the degree of their heterospecific activities on bovine cells. The Le moiety resembled crude leukocyte interferon in that it was highly active in bovine cells. The F component of Namalva interferon showed a lower degree of activity in bovine cells, thus resembling crude fibroblast interferon. When analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing, crude Namalva interferon qualitatively resembled crude leukocyte interferon.
Serological and RT-PCR Surveillance for COVID-19 in an Asymptomatic US Army Trainee Population (2021)

These findings that suggest serological testing may complement current test-based measures and provide another tool to incorporate in COVID-19 mitigation measures among trainees in the US Army.
Transcriptional Inhibition of Interleukin-12 Promoter Activity in Leishmania Spp.–Infected Macrophages (2008)

To establish and persist within a host, Leishmania spp. parasites delay the onset of cell-mediated immunity by suppressing interleukin-12 (IL-12) production from host macrophages. Although it is established that Leishmania spp.-infected macrophages have impaired IL-12 production, the mechanisms that account for this suppression remain to be completely elucidated. Using a luciferase reporter assay assessing IL-12 transcription, we report here that Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, and Leishmania chagasi inhibit IL-12 transcription in response to interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide, and CD40 ligand and that Leishmania spp. lipophosphoglycan, phosphoglycans, and major surface protein are not necessary for inhibition. In addition, all the Leishmania spp. strains and life-cycle stages tested inhibited IL-12 promoter activity. Our data further reveal that autocrine-acting host factors play no role in the inhibitory response and that phagocytosis signaling is necessary for inhibition of IL-12.
BiRank: Towards Ranking on Bipartite Graphs (2016)

The bipartite graph is a ubiquitous data structure that can model the relationship between two entity types: for instance, users and items, queries and webpages. In this paper, we study the problem of ranking vertices of a bipartite graph, based on the graph's link structure as well as prior information about vertices (which we term a query vector). We present a new solution, BiRank, which iteratively assigns scores to vertices and finally converges to a unique stationary ranking. In contrast to the traditional random walk-based methods, BiRank iterates towards optimizing a regularization function, which smooths the graph under the guidance of the query vector. Importantly, we establish how BiRank relates to the Bayesian methodology, enabling the future extension in a probabilistic way. To show the rationale and extendability of the ranking methodology, we further extend it to rank for the more generic n-partite graphs. BiRank's generic modeling of both the graph structure and vertex features enables it to model various ranking hypotheses flexibly. To illustrate its functionality, we apply the BiRank and TriRank (ranking for tripartite graphs) algorithms to two real-world applications: a general ranking scenario that predicts the future popularity of items, and a personalized ranking scenario that recommends items of interest to users. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate BiRank's soundness (fast convergence), efficiency (linear in the number of graph edges), and effectiveness (achieving state-of-the-art in the two real-world tasks).
α1,3-Galactosyltransferase Gene-Knockout Pigs for Xenotransplantation: Where Do We Go From Here? (2007)

The ability to genetically engineer pigs that no longer express the Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) oligosaccharide has been a significant step toward the clinical applicability of xenotransplantation. Using a chronic immunosuppressive regimen based on costimulatory blockade, hearts from these pigs have survived from 2 to 6 months in baboons. Graft failure was predominantly from the development of a thrombotic microangiopathy. Potential contributing factors include the presence of preformed anti-nonGal antibodies or the development of low levels of elicited antibodies to nonGal antigens, natural killer (NK) cell or macrophage activity, and inherent coagulation dysregulation between pigs and primates. The breeding of pigs transgenic for an "anticoagulant" gene, such as human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, hirudin, or CD39, or lacking the gene for the prothrombinase, fibrinogen-like protein-2, is anticipated to inhibit the change in the endothelium to a procoagulant state that takes place in the pig organ after transplantation. The identification of the targets for anti-nonGal antibodies and/or human macrophages might allow further genetic modification of the pig, and xenogeneic NK cell recognition and activation may be inhibited by the transgenic expression of human leukocyte antigen molecules and/or by blocking the function of activating NK receptors. The ultimate goal of induction of T-cell tolerance may be possible only if these hurdles in the coagulation system and innate immunity can be overcome.
Algorithm for Robust Routing in Volatile Environments (2003)

Wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring and distributed control will be deployed on a large scale in the near future. Due to the low per-node cost, these networks are expected to be both large and dense. However, because of the limited computation, storage, and power available to each node, conventional ad-hoc routing techniques are not feasible in this domain, and more novel routing algorithms are required. Despite the need for a sim- pler approach, routing in sensor networks still needs to be both robust to failures and secure against compromised and malicious nodes. We propose ARRIVE, a probabilistic al- gorithm that leverages the high node density and the inher- ent broadcast medium found in sensor networks to achieve routing robust to both link failures and patterned node fail- ures without resorting to periodic flooding of the network. Our algorithm is based on a tree-like topology rooted at the sink of the network, and nodes use localized observed be- havior of the surrounding nodes to make probabilistic deci- sions for forwarding packets. We have found that ARRIVE adapts to large patterned failures within a relatively short period of time at the cost of only moderate increases in over- all power consumption and source-to-sink latency.
“Sickenin’ in the rain” – increased risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections after urban pluvial flooding in a population-based cross-sectional study in the Netherlands (2019)

Results suggest an association between direct exposure to pluvial floodwater and AGE and ARI. As it is predicted that the frequency of pluvial flooding events will increase in the future, there is a need for flood-proof solutions in urban development and increased awareness among stakeholders and the public about the potential health risks. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results.