gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of near-limit stretched premixed flames (2003)

The dynamics of radiative, near-limit, stretched premixed flames was investigated analytically and numerically, with emphasis on pulsating stability for sub-unity Lewis numbers. The analysis includes both flame stretch and order-unity heat loss, and yields a dispersion equation for the stability of radiative stretched flames subjected to symmetrical and asymmetrical perturbations. The dispersion equation reduces to that of the classical thermo-diffusional stability analysis of Sivashinsky in the limit of small heat loss, small stretch rate, and infinite flame separation distance. Results show that sub-limit flames are stable near both radiation and stretch extinction limits, and that oscillation occurs only at moderate flame stretch rates. The unstable regime and the stability diagram were obtained. Numerical simulation with detailed chemical kinetics and transport models yielded results that are in good agreement with theory. The present work also provides a satisfactory explanation of the experimental results obtained in microgravity.
Demagnetization control for reliable flux weakening control in PM synchronous machine (2012)

A process for permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization control for optimal and reliable flux weakening control in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) is presented. A physics-based model was developed to estimate the magnetic flux operating point of the PM poles during the operation of PMSM. The model is enabled to dynamically estimate the average and the partial PM demagnetization due to reverse armature field as well as the PM temperature rise. The model is a function of physical geometry and material of the PMSM, physics of demagnetization and the ambient temperature. The demagnetization assessment and control is verified on a V-type PMSM using the modified FE-based coupled thermal-field-circuit phase variable model and the time step FE analysis.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Renal Imaging Findings (2002)

Both angiomyolipomas and cysts occur commonly in pediatric patients with TSC and tend to increase in size and number with increasing age. Angiomyolipomas are more common than cysts and tend to be numerous.
[Quantitative immunocytology as a marker for indications and follow-up of recurrence prevention of superficial urinary bladder cancers]. (1989)

In 1985, we initiated a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the risk of recurrence for superficial bladder cancer. Up to now, 41 patients subjected to TUR have subsequently been monitored by immunocytology with a monoclonal antibody (mab 486 p) recently developed in our laboratory. Of these patients, 15 (36.6%) remained marker-negative and received no prophylactic therapy. There was only one recurrence (6.7%) in this subset of patients, whereas 10 out of 26 (38.5%) marker-positive patients have so far developed recurrent malignancies. In all cases, the conversion of immunocytological characteristics preceded visible recurrence by 2-5 months. These preliminary results indicate that immunocytology might make it possible to identify patients at low risk of recurrence more accurately than has so far been feasible with standard cytology or flow-cytometry.
Towards Template-Assisted Assembly of Nematic Colloids (2014)

Colloidal crystals belong to a new class of materials with unusual properties in which the big challenge is to grow large-scale structures of a given symmetry in a well-controlled and inexpensive way. Recently, template-assisted crystallization was successfully exploited experimentally in the case of colloidal particles dispersed in isotropic fluids. In liquid crystal (LC) colloids, particles are subjected to long-range anisotropic elastic forces originating from the anisotropic deformation of the underlying order parameter. These effective interactions are easily tunable by external electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, or confinement and, thus, provide additional handles for better control of colloidal assembly. Here we use the coupling between microsculptured bounding surfaces and LC elasticity in order to guide the self-assembly of large-scale colloidal structures. We present explicit numerical calculations of the free energy landscape of colloidal particles in the presence of convex protrusions modeled as squared pyramids comparable to the size of the particles. We show the existence of strong trapping potentials that are able to efficiently localize the colloidal particles and withstand thermal fluctuations. Three-dimensional optical imaging experiments support the theoretical predictions.
Diabetes and the Accompanying Hyperglycemia Impairs Cardiomyocyte Calcium Cycling through Increased Nuclear O-GlcNAcylation (2003)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired cardiac contractility leading to poor myocardial performance. We investigated the role that the hexosamine pathway, and especially altered nuclear O-Glc-NAcylation, plays in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Incubating neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in high glucose (25 mM) resulted in prolonged calcium transients when compared with myocytes incubated in normal glucose (5.5 mM), which is consistent with delayed myocardial relaxation. High glucose-treated myocytes also exhibited reduced sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) mRNA and protein expression, decreased SERCA2a promoter activity, and increased O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear proteins compared with myocytes treated with normal glucose. Exposure of myocytes to 8 mM glucosamine or an adenovirus expressing O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) resulted in prolonged calcium transient decays and significantly reduced SERCA2a protein levels, whereas treatment with an adenovirus encoding O-GlcNAcase (GCA) resulted in improved calcium transients and SERCA2a protein levels in myocytes exposed to high glucose. Effects of elevated glucose or altered O-GlcNAcylation were also observed on essential transcription factors involved in cardiomyocyte function. High glucose-treated myocytes (with or without OGT adenovirus) exhibited increased levels of O-GlcNAcylated specificity protein 1 compared with control myocytes, whereas infecting high glucose-treated myocytes with GCA adenovirus reduced the degree of specificity protein 1 Glc-NAcylation. Treatment of myocytes with 25 mM glucose, 8 mM glucosamine, or OGT adenovirus also significantly reduced levels of myocytes enhancer factor-2A protein compared with control myocytes, whereas infection with GCA adenovirus resulted in improved myocytes enhancer factor-2 expression. Our results suggest that the hexosamine pathway, and O-GlcNAcylation in particular, is important in impaired cardiac myocyte function and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Uvaria rufa with advanced glycation end-products inhibitory activity (2009)

Prolonged hyperglycemia diabetic patients leads to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in their body tissues, which contribute to the development and progression of diabetic complications and aging.Preliminary screening of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Uvaria rufa Blume (family Annonaceae) indicated its AGEs inhibitory activity.Fractionation of the extract yielded five flavonol glycosides including rutin (1) isoquercitrin (2), kaempferol 3-0-(3-D-galactopyranoside (3), astragalin (4), and isoquercitrin-6-acetate (5).Isoquercitrin and its 6-acetate derivative were comparable with the positive control, quercetin, in their ability to inhibit the formation of AGEs in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose assay, having the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ICs50) of 8.4, 6.9 and 10.9 p,M, respectively.
Incorporating Doppler velocity measurement for track initiation and maintenance (2006)

Performance of multiple target tracking algorithms in complex environments heavily relies on the success of track initiation and measurement-to-track association algorithms. Doppler velocity measurement is the major discriminant of clutter from the target of interest with relatively higher velocities. This work summarizes the analytical derivations and presents simulation results about track initiation and maintenance using Doppler velocity reports along with the 3D position measurements extracted by a phased array radar.
Acquisition Geometry Design for Land Seismic Surveys (2019)

Summary We study the optimized shot point and receiver placement problem for hybrid (cross-spread source and receiver) gathers by using the spectral characteristics of the surface waves. This is an acquisition geometry design problem where the objective is to find an optimized layout for a limited number of shot points and receivers such that the sampled data provide maximum information about the continuous-domain data. By using the SEG Advanced Modeling II Arid Model data, we show that surface waves have a unique structure that allows us to represent them with only a small number of both sensors and shot points. After reviewing the conditions for exact recovery of a continuous-domain signal from its sparse samples, we propose a method to design optimized geometries based on the compressed sensing principles. We expect that placing the shot points and receivers at the most informative locations will be beneficial to existing noise attenuation and interpolation algorithms.
Modeling the influence of grain-level matrix inhomogeneity on strain localization in the presence of hard particles (2007)

The influence of grain-level matrix inhomogeneity on strain localization in sheet metals has been studied using a two-dimensional plane stress model containing two hard particles by finite element analysis. When the matrix material is treated as a homogeneous continuum, the localization strain decreases with interparticle spacing for particles aligned along the loading direction. In the case of an inhomogeneous matrix, consisting of grains of different Taylor factors corresponding to different crystallographic orientations, the position of the localization band and the value of localization strain seem to be insensitive to the interparticle spacing. Instead, localization forms preferentially in the softer grains within the matrix. The amount of post-localization deformation decreases significantly when the two particles straddle the shear band. It is concluded that the stress concentration that develops between two closely spaced particles does influence the shear localization process but the matrix inhomogeneity dominates localization behavior during sheet metal deformation.
LLL in-situ coal gasification program (1976)

An overview of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's in situ coal-gasification program is presented which describes the field-site studies, coal-fracture work, gasification process design, and preliminary Hoe Creek gasification plan being applied to LLL's packed-bed process (see Gas Abstr. 33, 77-0237). Economic studies suggest that pipeline gas produced in this way will cost two-thirds the projected cost of gas produced by Lurgi coal gasification or by modern U.S. surface technologies now under development.
Controlled three-dimensional polystyrene micro- and nano-structures fabricated by three-dimensional electrospinning (2018)

The combination of electrospinning with extrusion based 3D printing technology opens new pathways for micro- and nanofabrication, which can be applied in a wide range of applications. This simple and inexpensive method has been proven to fabricate 3D fibrous polystyrene structures with controlled morphology and micro- to nano-scale fibers diameter. The controllable movement of the nozzle allows precise positioning of the deposition area of the fibers during electrospinning. A programmed circular nozzle pattern results in the formation of controllable 3D polystyrene designed shapes with fiber diameters down to 550 nm. The assembly of the fibrous structures starts instantaneously, and a 4 cm tall and 6 cm wide sample can be produced within a 10 minutes electrospinning process. The product exhibits high stability at ambient conditions. The shape, size, and thickness of fibrous polystyrene structures can be easily controlled by tuning the process parameters. It is assumed that the build-up of 3D fibrous polystyrene structures strongly depends on charge induction and polarization of the electrospun fibers.
Single-shot 3D photoacoustic tomography using a single-element detector for ultrafast imaging of hemodynamics (2023)

Imaging hemodynamics is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases. However, current imaging techniques are limited due to the use of ionizing radiation or contrast agents, short penetration depth, or complex and expensive data acquisition systems. Photoacoustic tomography shows promise as a solution to these issues. However, existing photoacoustic tomography methods collect signals either sequentially or through numerous detector elements, leading to either low imaging speed or high system complexity and cost. To address these issues, here we introduce a method to capture a 3D photoacoustic image of vasculature using a single laser pulse and a single-element detector that functions as 6,400 virtual ones. Our method enables ultrafast volumetric imaging of hemodynamics in the human body at up to 1 kHz and requires only a single calibration for different objects and for long-term operations. We demonstrate 3D imaging of hemodynamics at depth in humans and small animals, capturing the variability in blood flow speeds. This concept can inspire other imaging technologies and find applications such as home-care monitoring, biometrics, point-of-care testing, and wearable monitoring.
Glial Cells Generate Neurons—Master Control within CNS Regions: Developmental Perspectives on Neural Stem Cells (2003)

A common problem in neural stem cell research is the poor generation of neuronal or oligodendroglial descendants. The author takes a developmental perspective to propose solutions to this problem. After a general overview of the recent progress in developmental neurobiology, she highlights the necessity of the sequential and hierarchical specification of CNS precursors toward the generation of specific cell types, for example, neurons. In the developing as well as the adult CNS, multipotent stem cells do not directly generate neurons but give rise to precursors that are specified and restricted toward the generation of neurons. Some molecular determinants of this fate restriction have been identified during recent years and reveal that progression via this fate-restricted state is a necessary step of neurogenesis. These discoveries also demonstrate that neuronal fate specification is inseparably linked at the molecular level to regionalization of the developing CNS. These fate determinants and their specific action in distinct region-specific contexts are essential to direct the progeny of stem cells more efficiently toward the generation of the desired cell types. Recent data are discussed that demonstrate the common identity of precursors and stem cells in the developing and adult nervous system as radial glia, astroglia, or non-myelinating glia. A novel lineage model is proposed that incorporates these new views and explains why the default pathway of stem cells is astroglia. These new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis help to design novel approaches for reconstitutive therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison of eye-safe UV and IR lidar for small forest-fire detection (2002)

Lidar is a promising tool for forest-fire monitoring because this active detection technique allows efficient location of tenuous smoke plumes resulting from forest fires at their early stages. For the technique to be generally usable instrumentation must be eye-safe, i.e. it must operate within the spectral range &#955;<0.4 or &#955;>1.4 micrometers . In this paper the lidar efficiency at the wavelengths 0.3472 micrometers (second harmonic of the ruby laser) and 1.54 micrometers (Er:glass laser) are compared using a theoretical model. The results of calculations show that the energy required for smoke-plume detection using 0.3472 micrometers becomes greater than the corresponding value for 1.54 micrometers when the distance exceeds some threshold, which ranges between 2 and 6 km depending on other parameters. Being caused by relatively higher absorption of the UV radiation in the atmosphere, this result is valid for any wavelength in the vicinity of 0.35 micrometers , for example, the third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser and the second harmonic of Ti:sapphire laser.
A novel pathway for Ca2+ signalling in neutrophils by immune complexes. (1995)

The data presented here demonstrates that immune complexes use novel routes for stimulating a two-phase rise in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration. The initial transient Ca2+ rise resulted from release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, by a route which, unlike f-met-leu-phe, was inhibited by bromophenacyl bromide. The second phase resulted from transmembrane influx and occurred in the absence of store release and by Ca2+ channels that were inhibited by Ni2+ but not SKF 96365 or econazole. Stimulation by immune complexes therefore involves novel routes for both the release of stored Ca2+ and the opening of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane.
Vibration Training in Elite Sport: Effective Training Solution or Just Another Fad? (2008)

The use of vibration as a training intervention has been suggested for more than a decade. Following the initial promising studies, a large number of investigations have been conducted to understand the acute and chronic effects of this novel training modality mainly using special populations, sedentary, physically active, and aged individuals. There is a small number of studies involving athletes. For this reason it is at the moment very difficult to provide safe and effective training guidelines to athletes. We discuss the current findings related to the effectiveness on elite athletes and provide some guidance on practical applications. Vibration is without a doubt an interesting intervention; however, more needs to be done to understand the physiological mechanisms involved in the adaptive responses to vibration exercise. Furthermore, more studies are needed to establish a dose-response relationship to vibration training to provide indications on safe and effective vibration training prescriptions.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics: Second Order (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to Nonlinear Optics The Forced Wave Equation Summary of Continuous-Wave Second-Harmonic Generation Second-Harmonic Generation with Pulses Three-Wave Interactions Appendix Problems
A new online tool for gamer network performance analysis (2016)

This paper discusses a new online tool for online gamers to share networking performance results and to produce aggregate networking performance reports generated from the data reported by all users. It is necessary to improve the quality of service and make online games faster. This will help improve latency sensitive game data collection. It will help to improve gaming performance through the global network of servers, optimizing the game connection from end to end. A Web API was developed to receive data in the form of a HTTP post from WTFast clients while they are playing their games. A data generator was also built to simulate thousands of concurrent users posting data to the web API. The web API stores the data in a Elasticsearch database. A web interface was built for WTFast clients to view their historical network data and to share it on forums or social media. The web interface shows a graph of their network performance with and without using the GPN R . The complete system is anticipated to need to handle approximately 400,000 concurrent users sending network data every 2 seconds.
ChemInform Abstract: High Resolution Photoelectrochemical Etching of n‐GaAs with the Scanning Electrochemical and Tunneling Microscope (1987)

Abstract (SETM).
A Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance (2011)

Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions in Western society. It has resulted in increasing health care burden and decreasing life expectancy. Obesity is a complex, chronic disease, involving decades of pathophysiological changes and adaptation. Therefore, it is difficult ascertain the exact mechanisms for this long-term process in humans. To circumvent some of these issues, several surrogate models are available, including murine genetic loss-of-function mutations, transgenic gain-of-function mutations, polygenic models, and different environmental exposure models. The mouse model of diet-induced obesity has become one of the most important tools for understanding the interplay of high-fat Western diets and the development of obesity. The diet-induced obesity model closely mimics the increasingly availability of the high-fat/high-density foods in modern society over the past two decades, which are main contributors to the obesity trend in human. This model has lead to many discoveries of the important signalings in obesity, such as Akt and mTOR. The chapter describes protocols for diet induced-obesity model in mice and protocols for measuring insulin resistance and sensitivity.
Synthesis and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Injectable Polyurethane Foam Scaffolds (2006)

The development of therapeutics for orthopedic clinical indications exploiting minimally invasive surgical techniques has substantial benefits, especially for treatment of fragility fractures in the distal radius of osteoporotics and vertebral compression fractures. We have designed six formulations of injectable polyurethane foams to address these clinical indications. The polyurethanes were prepared by mixing two liquid components and injecting the reactive liquid mixture into a mold where it hardens in situ. Porous polyurethane foams were synthesized from lysine methyl ester diisocyanate, a poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-glycolide) triol, a tertiary amine catalyst, anionic and non-ionic stabilizers, and a fatty acid pore opener. The rise time of the foams varied from 8-20 min. The porosity was approximately 95% and the pores varied in size from 100-1000 microm. The polyurethane foams supported attachment of viable (>95%) MG-63 cells under dynamic seeding conditions. We anticipate compelling opportunities will be available as a consequence of the favorable biological and physical properties of the injectable polyurethane foams.