gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholecalciferol synthesized after UV-activation of 7-dehydrocholesterol onto titanium implants inhibits osteoclastogenesisin vitro (2014)

UV-activated 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) has been successfully used as a biocompatible coating for titanium (Ti) implants producing active vitamin D with positive effect on osteoblast differentiation. Since an osseointegrating implant must promote bone formation while delay resorption, here we determine the effect of this coating on the pre-osteoclast cell line RAW 264.7. Moreover, D3 synthesis was optimized by (1) the supplementation with VitE of the 7-DHC coating to reduce 7-DHC oxidation and (2) the addition of an incubation step (48 h at 23°C) after UV-irradiation to favor isomerization. In vitro results with RAW264.7 cells showed no cytotoxic effect of the coatings and a significant decrease of osteoclastogenesis. Indeed, TRAP immunostaining suggested an inhibition of Trap-positive multinucleated cells and the mRNA levels of different phenotypic, fusion, and activity markers were reduced, particularly with 7-DHC:VitE. In conclusion, we demonstrate an improvement of the D3 synthesis from UV-activated 7-DHC when combined with VitE and show that these implants inhibit osteoclastogenesis in vitro.
Testing Methods for Low-pH Pipeline SCC: a Comparison of SSRT and Full-Scale Testing (1995)

Abstract Selection of a good testing method is important in research on stress-corrosion of oil and gas pipelines, especially the transgranular type of cracking that occurs in a near-neutral pH environment with a relatively low crack growth rate. The distinct characteristics of this SCC phenomenon have posed some considerable challenges for laboratory research, and the uncertainties in the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation hinder an accurate lifetime prediction of the affected pipelines. This paper summarizes, first of all, the findings on TGSCC of pipelines from both field evidence and laboratory tests. Results of slow strain rate testing (SSRT) carried out using tapered cylindrical tensile specimens are presented. SSRT is characterized by the large scatter in the resulting data and by the uncertainty in simulation of the actual operating conditions of oil and gas pipelines. SCC testing on full-size pipes represents a different approach with the capacity to simulate closely the environmental and loading conditions of pipelines. The experimental setup and methodology being developed are described and a comparison is made of the different test methods.
Noncontrast skeletal muscle oximetry (2013)

This is the first MR oximetry developed for quantification of regional skeletal muscle oxygenation. A broad range of medical conditions could benefit from these techniques, including cardiology, gerontology, kinesiology, and physical therapy.
Nasal Turbinate Enlargement Due to Cartilage and Bone Proliferation (2010)

Toxicity studies of intranasally administered, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates conducted in male and female ferrets led to the microscopic observation of individual differences in the size of nasal turbinates, especially in the dorsal aspect of the nasal cavity. The association of these enlarged turbinates with acute to subacute inflammation, which is sometimes common in ferrets given live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates, led to this detailed microscopic evaluation of turbinate enlargement (cartilaginous and osseous thickening, or COT) in control animals dosed intranasally with saline. Results of this evaluation led to the conclusion that COT is a normal developmental feature of growing ferrets, irrespective of inflammation in nasal tissues or inflammatory exudate in the nasal cavity.
Reducing the Effects of Doppler Radar Ambiguities (1981)

The ambiguities associated with range and velocity aliasing of Doppler data fields can be reduced significantly with simple techniques. A variable two-PRT (pulse repetition time) system and the associated software are used to range de-alias Doppler velocity displays in real time. Velocity aliasing is reduced by subtracting the radial component of the environmental wind. These techniques have been used for several years in a real-time environment and a general evaluation of their usefulness is described in this paper.
Neuromorphic foveation applied to semantic segmentation (2022)

This work was supported by the European Union’s ERA-NET CHIST-ERA 2018 research and innovation programme under grant agreement ANR-19-CHR3-0008. The authors are grateful to the OPAL infrastructure from Université Côte d’Azur for providing resources and support.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases in hepatocellular carcinoma development (2010)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequently occurring cancers and the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Identification of the signaling pathways regulating liver carcinogenesis is critical in developing novel chemoprevention and targeted therapies. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), comprising a family of serine and threonine kinases of ERK, JNK, and p38, are important signaling components which convert external stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Due to their essential roles in these cellular functions, deregulated MAPKs are often found to contribute to the development of many cancers, including HCC. Markedly, early studies on the ERK pathway have led to the development of the multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib, the first effective systemic drug for the targeted treatment of human HCC. Recently, the functions and molecular mechanisms of JNK and p38 in HCC development have also been addressed using mouse models. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in HCC development and their potential roles as therapeutic targets for HCC.
Photochemical and Thermal cis/trans Isomerization of Cyclic and Noncyclic Azobenzene Dimers: Effect of a Cyclic Structure on Isomerization (2005)

Abstract The effect of ring strain on the photochemical and thermal isomerization of azobenzene dimers was investigated by comparison of macrocyclic ( 1 ) and noncyclic ( 2 ) azobenzene dimers. The macrocycle 1 comprises two azobenzene moieties connected at their meta positions through two methylene linkers, whereas the noncyclic dimer 2 has only one methylene linker bridging two azobenzenes at the meta positions. Upon irradiation of 1 or 2 with UV light, each ( E / E ) ( trans / trans ) isomer exhibited a stepwise photoisomerization to give the corresponding ( E / Z ) ( trans / cis ) isomer, followed by isomerization to yield the ( Z / Z ) ( cis / cis ) isomer. Quantum yields for the isomerization indicated that the photochemical isomerizations of 1 were altered by its cyclic structure. The effect on the photochemical isomerization process can be explained in terms of the ring strain, causing shifts in the absorption spectra of the azobenzene chromophore and perturbations in molecular motion in the excited state. Thermal ( Z ) → ( E ) isomerization was observed in each 1 and 2 , taking place in stepwise manner as ( Z / Z ) → ( E / Z ) → ( E / E ). The cyclic structure gave higher activation barriers ( E a and Δ H ‡ ) and activation entropies (Δ S ‡ ). HF/6‐31G** calculations were carried out for 1 and 2 in their ground electronic states in order to estimate the ring strain of each isomer of 1 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An evaluation of different antenna designs for helicon wave excitation in a cylindrical plasma source (1996)

A magnetohydrodynamic numerical model, based on the finite element method, is employed to analyze the antenna radiation resistance in a cylindrical helicon wave driven plasma source. The antenna radiation resistances of four commonly used antennas are compared. The effects on antenna radiation resistance of frequency, plasma density, density profile and the system dimensions are investigated. It is confirmed that m=+1 is the most strongly excited mode. It is shown that the plasma density gradient tends to suppress the excitation of negative m-modes. Some wave field patterns are also presented which demonstrate commonly observed features in the experiments such as the beat patterns of copropagating radial modes. The findings highlight the importance of antenna radiation resistance modelling as a first step to a self consistent model of the discharge physics of cool dense helicon wave driven sources.
An architecture methodology for secure video conferencing (2013)

This paper describes how to enhance the security of VoIP applications using hardware security features on computing platforms such as notebooks, tablets and smartphones. Specifically we explain how to develop such applications using the protection offered by a processor based security technology, which provides the ability for software developers to maintain control of the security by creating trusted domains within applications. Using this processor security technology, sensitive code and data can be hosted without the risk of being observed or modified by malware present in other parts of the system. The resulting VoIP applications would better meet the strong security needs of corporate and government sectors for real time digital information sharing. We include results of a research project sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security and the United States Air Force Academy <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> where the team studied ways to enhance the security of a video conferencing application and implemented an experimental Video Chat application using security technologies provided by the processor and media processing hardware.
Using hopping technique for interference mitigation in Modulated Scattering Array Antenna system (2010)

In modulated scattering antenna array (MSAA) system it has at the receiver side encountered low levels of scattering signals [1,2] and interferences in addition to the desired signal. In this paper, we propose to utilize the frequency hopping scheme to improve the performance of scattering signals under the influence of narrow band strong interferences. From the numerical results, it concludes that with larger hopping range it improves the ability of anti-interference effects.
Flexoelectric properties and optical activity of a nematic liquid crystal (1985)

The rotation of the polarization plane of a polarized light beam through a hybrid aligned liquid-crystal cell is described, by taking into account the joint effect of the weak anchoring and of the flexoelectricity in the presence of an electric field normal to the initial deformation plane and smaller than Fréedericksz’ threshold [H. Kelker and R. Hatz, Handbook of Liquid Crystals (Chemie, Weinheim, 1980), pp. 160–188]. Such a rotation is shown to be proportional to the square root of the difference between the actual and the critical thickness of the cell in the case of small thicknesses (which are interesting in the display technology) whereas in the case of larger thicknesses the same relation deduced by Durand’s group for strong anchoring is obtained.
Mialostatin, a Novel Midgut Cystatin from Ixodes ricinus Ticks: Crystal Structure and Regulation of Host Blood Digestion (2021)

The hard tick <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is a vector of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. Host blood protein digestion, essential for tick development and reproduction, occurs in tick midgut digestive cells driven by cathepsin proteases. Little is known about the regulation of the digestive proteolytic machinery of <i>I. ricinus</i>. Here we characterize a novel cystatin-type protease inhibitor, mialostatin, from the <i>I. ricinus</i> midgut. Blood feeding rapidly induced mialostatin expression in the gut, which continued after tick detachment. Recombinant mialostatin inhibited a number of <i>I. ricinus</i> digestive cysteine cathepsins, with the greatest potency observed against cathepsin L isoforms, with which it co-localized in midgut digestive cells. The crystal structure of mialostatin was determined at 1.55 Å to explain its unique inhibitory specificity. Finally, mialostatin effectively blocked in vitro proteolysis of blood proteins by midgut cysteine cathepsins. Mialostatin is likely to be involved in the regulation of gut-associated proteolytic pathways, making midgut cystatins promising targets for tick control strategies.
Depth-Preserving Stereo Image Retargeting Based on Pixel Fusion (2017)

In this paper, we propose a pixel fusion-based stereo image retargeting method, which could adaptively retarget stereo images with flexible aspect ratios, simultaneously preserving the depth. Retargeting each image independently by the pixel fusion method ignores the disparity relationship between pixels in the image pair and hence will introduce the distortion of disparity. To address this issue, we advocate to extend the single pixel fusion-based way to be applicable for stereo image pair. First, seams are selected based on the energy function, which simultaneously considers the seam selecting and seam matching. Second, a seam-matching-based matching map is proposed to preserve the disparity relationship between image pair. Then, the scaling factors for the left image are assigned considering both the important object and depth preservation. Subsequently, the scaling factors for the right image are obtained according to the proposed matching map. Based on these scaling factors, the stereo image pair is retargeted with pixel fusion. In contrast to removing pixels to resize image, the way of pixel fusion can obtain more smooth results with less depth distortion. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves more preferable qualities in both depth and shape preservation for stereo image retargeting.
Energy Saving Lighting Control Systems for Open-Plan Offices: A Field Study (2007)

We conducted a field study in a deep-plan office building equipped with suspended direct-indirect luminaires located centrally in cubicle workstations. In order to reduce lighting energy use, the luminaires employed integral occupancy sensors and light sensors (daylight harvesting), as well as individual dimming control accessed through occupants' computer screens. Data were collected from 86 workstations over a year to examine the energy savings and power reduction attributable to the controls, and how the controls were used. An awareness campaign that used e-mail reminders to encourage the occupants to use the individual control feature of the lighting system was also conducted. Results indicate that the lighting system generated substantial energy savings and peak power reductions compared to a conventional fluorescent lighting system installed on a neighboring floor. The installed lighting power was 42 percent lower than that of the conventional system. The three controls combined saved 42 to 47 percent in lighting energy use compared to the same lights used at full power during work-hours; this translated into overall savings of 67 to 69 percent compared to the conventional lighting system. If the three lighting controls systems had been installed separately, occupancy sensors would have saved, on average, 35 percent if used alone, light sensors (daylight harvesting) 20 percent, and individual dimming 11 percent. The light sensor savings were, as expected, higher in perimeter workstations, and would have matched the performance of the occupancy sensors with some modifications to the control parameters. The average daily peak power demand for lighting was also reduced by a similar amount, which resulted in an average effective lighting power density of only 3 W/m2. Although not detailed in this paper, surveys indicated that the studied lighting system was also associated with higher occupant satisfaction. This was likely due to the individual dimming control, although use of this control beyond an initial preferred setting was rare.
Cancer cell exosomes can initiate malignant cell transformation (2018)

Abstract Cancer evolves through a multistep process that occurs by the temporal accumulation of genetic mutations mediated by intracellular and extracellular cues. We observe that exosomes isolated from pancreatic cancer cells, but not normal pancreatic cells, can initiate the first step of malignant cell transformation. Injection of exosome-initiated transformed cells into mice results in aggressive tumor growth. Using proteomic profiling and DNA sequencing of exosome-treated and transformed cells, we show that cancer cell exosomes act as a classic initiator by causing random genetic changes in recipient cells. Our studies provide new insight into a function of cancer cell exosomes and how they might specifically contribute to orchestrated local cell transformation. One Sentence Summary Exosomes function as an initiator of tumor formation.
Demonstration of a Tunable Optical Correlation of a 10–15 Gbaud QPSK Data Signal using Nonlinear Wave Mixing at a Remotely Controlled Node (2021)

The remote control and monitoring of a tunable optical correlator based on nonlinear wave-mixing is demonstrated. The correlator is remotely controlled via the bidirectional transmission of multiple waves over an optical link. The effects of the temperature-drift and link backscattering are mitigated at the transmitter.
Practical experience of thermal testing with reference to ISO 230 Part 3 (2003)

Thermal errors in machine tools can represent up to 70% of the total positional accuracy of machine tools [l]. The significance of temperature-induced errors led to the introduction of an international standard method of testing for thermal effects [2]. A wide range of machme tools has been measured and assessed by the Ultra Precision Engineering Centre (UPEC) to advise on thermal error avoidance and to implement error correction where appropriate. This paper presents some results taken fiom these machines and discusses the implications for manufactured parts. Attention is also drawn to the problem of distinguishing from the various sources of thermal effects during tests that may take several hours in a variety of workshop conditions. The results suggest that some deviation from the standard can provide more process-specific information.
DNA Binding-Independent Induction of IκBα Gene Transcription by PPARα (2002)

PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate energy homeostasis. In addition, PPARs furthermore control the inflammatory response by antagonizing the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. We recently demonstrated that PPARalpha activators increase IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein levels in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms by which PPARalpha controls IkappaBalpha expression. Using transient transfection assays, it is demonstrated that PPARalpha potentiates p65-stimulated IkappaBalpha transcription in a ligand-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that PPARalpha activation of IkappaBalpha transcription requires the NF-kappaB and Sp1 sites within IkappaBalpha promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that PPARalpha activation enhances the occupancy of the NF-kappaB response element in IkappaBalpha promoter in vivo. Overexpression of the oncoprotein E1A failed to inhibit PPARalpha-mediated IkappaBalpha promoter induction, suggesting that cAMP response element binding protein-binding protein/p300 is not involved in this mechanism. By contrast, a dominant-negative form of VDR-interacting protein 205 (DRIP205) comprising its two LXXLL motifs completely abolished PPARalpha ligand-mediated activation. Furthermore, cotransfection of increasing amounts of DRIP205 relieved this inhibition, suggesting that PPARalpha requires DRIP205 to regulate IkappaBalpha promoter activity. By contrast, DRIP205 is not involved in PPARalpha-mediated NF-kappaB transcriptional repression. Taken together, these data provide a molecular basis for PPARalpha-mediated induction of IkappaBalpha and demonstrate, for the first time, that PPARalpha may positively regulate gene transcription in the absence of functional PPAR response elements.
Cognitive Linguistics and the Teaching of Grammar (2005)

This article introduces some of the main themes in CL, with special focus on the role of constructions and idioms, and the way in which constructions and idioms are motivated. It is argued that a language can, in fact, be regarded as a very large set of idioms and constructions. This view contrasts with the more traditional view, that a language can be analyzed as a dictionary and a grammar . Some conclusions are drawn for foreign language pedagogy, and for the design of learning aids for language students.
CB-PS: An Efficient Short-Certificate-Based Proxy Signature Scheme for UAVs (2019)

Recently, the deployment and usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor and track a geographical region have been increased exponentially. The network infrastructure designed to deploy UAVs consists of sensors, actuators, and other communication smart devices for data collection and processing. As security and privacy is one of the challenging tasks in such an environment, so to design an efficient and secure data dissemination scheme is a challenging task due to limited storage and computation power of UAVs. To mitigate various attacks in such an environment, several efficient signature schemes were proposed in the literature. However, none of these schemes work well due to high computation and communication costs. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a short proxy signature (CB-PS) scheme in certificate-based setting. Due to implicit usage of certificates, CB-PS solves inherent key escrow of ID-based designated verifier proxy signature. It also eliminates the necessity of secret key distribution in ID-based schemes. The proposed CB-PS scheme is adaptively unforgeable in a random oracle model. It is also efficient with respect to both signature length and computational complexity. The comparison of computational costs reveals that the proposed scheme consumes the least cost 15.45 ms in comparison to the costs of existing competitive schemes.
Preparation, characterization and physico-chemical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): their benefits as colloidal drug carrier systems. (2006)

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have attracted increasing attention by various research groups and companies since the early 1990s. Their advantages over existing traditional carriers have been clearly documented. In addition, modified SLN have been described which are nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of liquid lipid blended with a solid lipid to form a nanostructured solid particle matrix. NLC combine controlled release characteristics with some advantages over SLN. This paper reviews the production techniques, characterization and physical stability of these systems including destabilizing factors and principles of drug loading, then considers aspects and benefits of SLN and NLC as colloidal drug carriers.
DNA Chips (2003)

DNA chips have been much interested in the detection and the analysis of genes because the sequence of human genome has been determined by the worldwide human genome project. GeneChip (Affimetrix Co.) is the most popular DNA chip, but is very expensive and needs a huge fluorescence detection equipment. We have been developing an electrochemical gene detection method, named as DNA sensor, in order to supply an easy and cheap device of the gene detection. In recent years, we have focused on the application of the DNA sensor to DNA chip aiming at the bed-side diagnosis of genes. We introduce here the outline of the DNA sensor and the electrochemical DNA chip for the assessment of interferon therapy in hepatitis C patients.