gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 683: Quantification of rare PD-L1 expressing leukocytes and CTCs in peripheral blood of cancer patients (2017)

Abstract Background: Expression of PD-L1 on tumor tissue is associated with improved response to PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, expression of PD-L1 on infiltrating T cells is associated with immune exhaustion. Currently, PD-L1 analysis as well as measures of infiltrating T cells are examined in surgically removed or biopsied samples, usually taken long before clinical decision points. Additionally, given tumor heterogeneity, metastatic lesions are likely to be under-sampled. We sought to examine expression of PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and leukocytes cell populations with a non-invasive liquid biopsy. Examining dynamic biomarker changes in longitudinal samples could enable the development of novel diagnostic tools for response prediction and pharmacodynamics studies related to immunotherapy. Methods: Blood samples from cancer patients were received and shipped to Epic Sciences. Contrived blood samples were also developed utilizing spike-in of cancer cell line controls into healthy blood samples. RBCs were lysed, and nucleated cells plated onto glass slides utilizing the Epic Sciences process. Slides are stained with an IF cocktail (CK, DAPI, CD45, PD-L1) and scanned. Approximately 3 million nucleated cells are examined through advanced Digital Pathology pipelines to detect rare CTCs (CK+/-, cancer morphology, CD45-) and leukocytes (CK-, CD45+, leukocyte morphology) and analyze for PD-L1 expression. Results: A limit of detection of 1 cell/mL of blood was analytically validated. Using Epic’s rare cell detection platform, we could detect a wide range of PD-L1+ leukocyte counts in a subset of peripheral blood of cancer patients, observed as low as 0.003% (110 of 3,192,263) of total leukocytes. PD-L1+ CTCs were observed in the presence of both high and low counts of PD-L1+ leukocyte populations. Conclusions: Epic Sciences CTC platform’s low limit of detection coupled with ability to archive patient blood samples allowed precise quantification of PD-L1 expression on CTCs and leucocytes retrospectively. In addition, we have previously demonstrated the platform’s ability to detect leucocyte subtypes such as CD3, CD4 and CD8 cells, which will allow us to further characterize PD-L1 expression in T-lymphocytes and other immune cell types. Development of a liquid biopsy based platform that is capable of simultaneously measuring immune biomarkers in CTCs as well as leucocytes will allow real time assessment of response to immune checkpoints inhibitors. Citation Format: Adam Jendrisak, Jiyun Byun, Mahipal Suraneni, David Lu, Rachel Krupa, Sarah Orr, Ryon Graf, Yipeng Wang, Mark Landers, Ryan Dittamore. Quantification of rare PD-L1 expressing leukocytes and CTCs in peripheral blood of cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 683. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-683
2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals (2021)

This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health (“mHealth”) technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
RF front end of UWB receiver based on super-regeneration (2007)

This paper proposes a RF front-end receiver based on super-regeneration for UWB impulse signals dedicated to LDR-LT low-power applications. It benefits from unexplored inherent properties of such a system, i.e. large instantaneous bandwidth and time-domain-located energy sensitivity. This circuit demonstrates the fact that low-sensitivity (-99dBm), low-power (11,2mW), high-gain (54dB) and wide-bandwidth (1GHz) front-end receivers with accurate temporal resolution for pulse detection are feasible.
Heat Exchange (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Classification of Heat Exchangers 2.1. Classification According to Construction 2.1.1. Tubular Heat Exchangers 2.1.1.1. Shell‐and‐Tube Exchangers 2.1.1.2. Double‐Pipe Heat Exchangers 2.1.1.3. Drip‐Type Heat Exchangers 2.1.2. Plate‐Type Heat Exchangers 2.1.2.1. Plate Heat Exchangers 2.1.2.2. Spiral‐Plate Heat Exchangers 2.1.3. Extended‐Surface Heat Exchangers 2.1.3.1. Plate ‐ Fin Heat Exchangers 2.1.3.2. Tube ‐ Fin Heat Exchangers 2.1.4. Regenerators 2.2. Classification According to Process Function 2.2.1. Condensers 2.2.2. Liquid‐to‐Vapor Phase‐ChangeExchangers 2.2.2.1. Chemical Evaporators 2.2.2.2. Reboilers 2.2.2.3. Waste Heat Boilers 3. Heat Exchanger Design Methodology 4. Criteria for Heat Exchanger Selection 4.1. General Selection Criteria 4.1.1. Design Variables 4.1.2. General Selection Guidelines 4.2. Shell‐and‐Tube Exchangers 4.2.1. Tubes 4.2.2. Tube Pitch and Layout 4.2.3. Baffles 4.2.4. Shells 4.2.5. Front‐End Heads 4.2.6. Rear‐End Heads 4.2.7. Nozzles 5. Basic Heat‐Transfer and Pressure‐Drop Analysis 5.1. Basic Equations and Definitions of Heat‐Transfer Analysis 5.2. Dimensionless Methods for Exchanger Heat‐Transfer Analysis 5.3. Extensions of the Basic Heat‐Transfer Theory 5.3.1. Longitudinal Wall Heat Conduction 5.3.2. Variable Overall Heat‐Transfer Coefficients 5.4. Exchanger Pressure‐Drop Analysis 5.4.1. Plate ‐ Fin Exchangers 5.4.2. Tube ‐ Fin Exchangers 5.4.3. Regenerators 5.4.4. Plate Heat Exchangers 6. Single‐Phase Heat‐Transfer and Pressure‐Drop Correlations 6.1. Basic Concepts and Dimensionless Groups 6.2. Theoretical Solutions and Correlations for Simple Geometries 6.2.1. Fully Developed Flows 6.2.2. Hydrodynamically Developing Flows 6.2.3. Thermally Developing Flows 6.2.4. Simultaneously Developing Flows 6.3. Empirical Correlations for Complex Geometries 6.3.1. Tubular Exchangers 6.3.2. Plate Exchangers 6.3.3. Extended Surface Exchangers 7. Two‐Phase Heat‐Transfer an
An empirical study on principles and practices of continuous delivery and deployment (2016)

Despite substantial recent research activity related to continuous delivery and deployment (CD), there has not yet been a systematic, empirical study on how the practices often associated with continuous deployment have found their way into the broader software industry. This raises the question to what extent our knowledge of the area is dominated by the peculiarities of a small number of industrial leaders, such as Facebook. To address this issue, we conducted a mixed-method empirical study, consisting of a pre-study on literature, qualitative interviews with 20 software developers or release engineers with heterogeneous backgrounds, and a Web-based quantitative survey that attracted 187 complete responses. A major trend in the results of our study is that architectural issues are currently one of the main barriers for CD adoption. Further, feature toggles as an implementation technique for partial rollouts lead to unwanted complexity, and require research on better abstractions and modelling techniques for runtime variability. Finally, we conclude that practitioners are in need for more principled approaches to release decision making, e.g., which features to conduct A/B tests on, or which metrics to evaluate.
A multi-sensor monitoring system for objective mental health management in resource constrained environments (2014)

Neuropsychiatric conditions account for one third of years lost to disability among adults worldwide and in the United Kingdom account for almost half of all health issues for people under the age of 65. At the same time, mental health budgets (especially in low- and middle-income countries) are increasingly stretched denying care to those that need it. The WHO predicts that unipolar depressive disorders will become the leading cause of disabilities worldwide by 2030. This paper describes a smartphone-based system that allows remote realtime monitoring of psychiatric patient symptoms, behaviour and physiology to enable allocation of psychiatric resources most efficiently. We present preliminary results from an ongoing study of over 100 participants showing qualitative differences between healthy controls and pathological subjects.
A Survey of the Various Methods and Models Used to Detect Long COVID (2022)

Long-COVID or post-COVID is a phenomenon where people who have recovered from the COVID-19, suffer persisting symptoms for more than 4 weeks after the confirmed case of COVID-19 and they can last for months. Approximately 20% of the people affected by this Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are suffering from mid and long term effects known as the Long COVID and it can affect multiple organs in the body and this can lead to death. To date, different studies and researches have been undertaken to understand about the Long COVID and make robust estimates on the predicting factors, symptoms and also to assess the various long term effects on the patients affected by it. Based on the available research articles and the papers published in mainstream journals on Long COVID, this survey paper aims at analyzing various methods and Machine learning models used to detect and predict Long COVID, to help clinicians and researchers working on early diagnosis of Long COVID.
Actinides Oxidative Back‐Extraction from Liquid Aluminium, in Molten Chloride Media (2014)

The pyrochemical programme developed by the CEA aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a grouped separation of the actinides with sufficient decontamination of fission products. The core of the process is based on two different liquid/liquid extraction steps. The first step consists in the selective actinide reductive extractionfrom fluoride media into liquid aluminium. The second step of the process is the actinide oxidative back-extraction from the Al matrix. It consists in contacting the liquid An-Al with a pure molten chloride salt containing an oxidising agent, that is AlCl3. This work focussed on the actinides back-extraction step. A thermodynamic study led to the determination of the most suitable experimental conditions. The conclusions of the thermodynamic survey were experimentally verified on uranium. Finally, the feasibility of the process was demonstrated by performing a grouped actinide back-extraction, using Al ingots arising from the Al reductive extraction step.
Assessment of EGFR mutation status using cell-free DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (2017)

cfDNA from BAL fluid could be used for molecular testing of EGFR mutations and identification of p.T790M mutations, with an easily applicable method.
High-Integrity Wellbore Surveys: Methods for Eliminating Gross Errors (2007)

Abstract An earlier paper by the same authors, SPE 1037341, pointed out the potential safety and commercial costs of unreliable directional survey data. It described how a significant degree of reliability can be achieved with the application of quality control checks internal to the directional data, but it also identified the fact that such checks fall short of providing comprehensive reliability assurance. This paper documents weaknesses in conventional directional survey quality control (QC) procedures through theoretical considerations, statistical analyses of real survey data, and real examples of failed surveys that have made it through conventional QC procedures without detection. The paper defines principles for survey programme design and implementation to eliminate these weaknesses. It proposes a new set of minimum requirements for survey validation, which, in general, incorporate the need for an overlapping verification survey or other independent observation. This requirement is not generally acknowledged in most of today's directional surveying QC procedures, which may be too weak to ensure the validity of a given error model and thus the integrity of the final well survey. This paper also discusses how analysis of a sufficiently large quantity of data, with the recommended QC methods applied, allows validation and refinement of the error model. This paper is the product of a collaborative work in the SPE Wellbore Positioning Technical Section (WPTS).
Enhanced Cycle Stability of Na2Ti3O7 Nanosheets Grown in Situ on Nickel Foam as an Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2020)

In this work, a Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets@nickel foam material prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis method is applied as an electrode material for sodium batteries without any conductive carbon black or binder. Nickel foam promotes the uniform dispersion of the Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets and contributes to improve the conductivity. In particular, the Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets@nickel foam structure not only provides an electronic transport channel but also increases the structural stability of the material during charge and discharge and further promotes the reaction kinetics of the electrode during charging and discharging. The initial capacity of the Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets@nickel foam reaches approximately 300.2 mAh g–1 at a current density of 20 mA g–1. The capacity reaches 96.4, 67.2, and 50.1 mAh g–1 at current densities of 100, 200, and 400 mA g–1, respectively. The capacity can reach 140 mAh g–1 at 50 mA g–1 and still reaches 81.7 mAh g–1 after 500 cycles. The results show that the Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets@nickel foam structure can effectively overcome the disadvantage of the poor ion/electron conductivity of Na2Ti3O7 when used as an electrode material for sodium batteries. Therefore, Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets@nickel foam without a binder or conductive additive is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
Numerical study of secondary electron emission in a coaxial radio-frequency driven plasma jet at atmospheric pressure (2011)

In this work we investigate a numerical model of a coaxial RF-driven plasma jet operated at atmospheric pressure. Due to the cylindrical symmetry an adequate 2-D representation of the otherwise 3-dimensional structure is used. A helium-oxygen chemistry reaction scheme is applied. We study the effect of secondary electrons emitted at the inner electrode as well as the inserted dielectric tube and discuss their impact on the discharge behavior. We conclude that a proper choice of materials can improve the desired mode of operation of such plasma jets in terms of materials and surface processing.
Activated Carbon from Dates' Stone by ZnCl2 Activation (2006)

A study of the effect of preparation conditions on the yield and quality of activated carbon (AC) produced from dates' stones was made using zinc chloride as an activator. The optimum conditions for AC production was evaluated based on the determination of various adsorption parameters of methylene blue (MB) and phenol. Using MB as an adsorbate it was found that the optimum ratio of activator to dates' stones (R) is 2. The maximum unit capacity for MB was 148 mg/g at carbonization time (Ct) = 1 hour and carbonization temperature (CT) = 600 O C and the corresponding yield was 32%. Milder conditions (Ct = 0.5 hr and CT = 500 O C) produced AC with maximum adsorption capacity of 286.3 mg/g with a yield of 31%. Using phenol as an adsorbate it was found that the optimum value of R = 0.5. The maximum unit capacity for phenol was 19 mg/g at Ct = 3 hours and CT = 600 O C and AC yield of 47.3%. On the other hand milder conditions (Ct = 0.5 hr and CT = 500 O C) were required to produce AC with maximum capacity for phenol removal of 75.0 mg/g and AC yield of 64.6%.
A kidney-brain neural circuit drives progressive kidney damage and heart failure (2023)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are highly prevalent, aggravate each other, and account for substantial mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiorenal interaction and the role of kidney afferent nerves and their precise central pathway remain limited. Here, we combined virus tracing techniques with optogenetic techniques to map a polysynaptic central pathway linking kidney afferent nerves to subfornical organ (SFO) and thereby to paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla that modulates sympathetic outflow. This kidney-brain neural circuit was overactivated in mouse models of CKD or HF and subsequently enhanced the sympathetic discharge to both the kidney and the heart in each model. Interruption of the pathway by kidney deafferentation, selective deletion of angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1a) in SFO, or optogenetic silence of the kidney-SFO or SFO-PVN projection decreased the sympathetic discharge and lessened structural damage and dysfunction of both kidney and heart in models of CKD and HF. Thus, kidney afferent nerves activate a kidney-brain neural circuit in CKD and HF that drives the sympathetic nervous system to accelerate disease progression in both organs. These results demonstrate the crucial role of kidney afferent nerves and their central connections in engaging cardiorenal interactions under both physiological and disease conditions. This suggests novel therapies for CKD or HF targeting this kidney-brain neural circuit.
Characteristic functional structure of infinitesimal symmetry mappings of classical dynamical systems. III. Systems with cyclic variables (1986)

This paper is a continuation of previous papers I and II with similar titles [J. Math. Phys. 26, 3080, 3100 (1985)]. In those papers a theory was developed that described the characteristic functional structures of infinitesimal symmetry mappings of systems of first- or second-order dynamical equations. Now an investigation is made of how cyclic variables of the dynamical equations affect the symmetry equations and thereby propagate through the theory to influence the form of the characteristic functional structure of the symmetries. These special symmetries, which have a particularly simple form, are characterized by infinitesimal point mappings in which only cyclic coordinates are varied, with the variation essentially determined by constants of motion of the dynamical system. For Lagrangian systems with cyclic coordinates these special symmetry mappings include the well-known Noether symmetries characterized by constant variation of the cyclic coordinates.
An in-situ estimation of anisotropic elastic moduli for a submarine shale (1993)

Direct arrival times and slownesses from wide-aperture walkaway VSP data acquired in a layered anisotropic medium can be processed to give a direct es- timate of the phase slowness surface associated with the medium at the depth of the receivers. This slowness surface can, in turn, be fit by an estimated transversely isotropic medium. While the method requires that the medium between the receivers and the surface be horizontally stratified, no further measurement or knowledge of that medium is required. When applied to data acquired in a compacting shale sequence encountered by a well in the South China Sea, the method yields an estimated TIV medium that fits the data ex- tremely well over 180 degrees of propagation angles sampled by 201 source positions. The medium is strongly anisotropic. The anisotropy is significantly anelliptic and implies that the quasi-shear mode should be triplicated for off-axis propagation.
Lightweight design of automotive components using generative design with fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing (2022)

In the development of new vehicles, increasing customer comfort requirements and rising safety regulations often result in an increase in weight. Nevertheless, in order to be able to meet the demand for reduced fuel consumption, it is necessary within product development process to implement complex and filigree lightweight structures. This contribution therefore addresses the potential of generatively developed components for fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing (FRAM). Currently, several commercial systems for this application are available on the market. Therefore, a comparison of the systems is first made to determine a suitable system. Then, a highly stressed and safety-relevant chassis component of a race car is generatively designed and manufactured using FRAM. A matrix with short fiber reinforcement and additional long fiber reinforcement with carbon fibers is applied. Finally, tensile tests are carried out to check the mechanical properties. In addition, relevant properties such as weight and cost are obtained in order to be able to compare them with conventionally developed and manufactured components.
Efficient creativity in Mexican metropolitan areas (2017)

Human creativity is the most important economic resource. Yet, very few studies in the economic literature have attempted to evaluate the efficiency of creative sectors around the world. In that regard, this paper examines the efficiency of the production of creative goods in Mexico. The empirical examination is made covering 36 metropolitan areas at four different periods of time, using the quinquennial economic censuses taken by the government in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013. The paper first estimates the static performance of the creative industries by means of data envelopment analysis models. Subsequently, the Malmquist productivity index is used to estimate their dynamic efficiency. Using both analyses, it is shown that, contrary to a commonly held view in the literature, most of the efficient creative industries in Mexico are to be found in metropolitan areas that are not relatively large. Furthermore, it is also found that more than three fourths of the creative sectors in the metropolitan areas are inefficient. The paper then makes use of Florida's 3Ts model to explore some possible factors that could account for those inefficiencies. Two features that are not widespread in Mexico, good public infrastructure and culturally diverse cities, are found to be explanatory factors of best practices in the production of creative goods.
Two-color interferometry for the study of laser filamentation triggered discharges in air (2015)

Summary form only given. Laser filamentation triggered electric discharges are very promising in view of their numerous applications such as the laser lightning rod, plasma aerodynamic control, high-power closing switches and plasma antennas. However, the development and maturation of these technologies rely on a good knowledge of the plasma parameters. To this purpose, we developed an interferometric diagnostic for electron density. However, as the discharge heats the medium, strong hydrodynamic effects emerge and lead to a non-negligible contribution of bound electrons to the plasma refractive index. We consequently record this index simultaneously at two different wavelengths to discriminate between the free and bound electron contributions, so-called two-color interferometry. The interferometer is built in a standard Mach-Zehnder configuration. We use a 8 ns-full width at half maximum Nd:YAG laser to probe the plasma at both 532 and 1064 nm in a transverse geometry. CCD cameras with a 10 μm pixel size are used to record both interferograms at the same time. Phase recovery from interferograms is done using a 1D continuous wavelet transform algorithm coupled to a cost function routine. Phase unwrapping is done following a noncontinuous path of decreasing reliability. Finally, a Fourier-Hankel Abel inversion algorithm allows recovering electron and neutral radial density profiles. The interferometer is demonstrated on ~40 A sparks triggered by femtosecond filamentation. The limiting phase noise of the interferometer is estimated to be 30 mrad RMS at 532 nm.