gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering production rules with higher order neural networks: a case study. II (1991)

It is demonstrated by example that neural networks can be used successfully for automatic extraction of production rules from empirical data. The case considered is a popular public domain database of 8124 mushrooms. With the use of a term selection algorithm, a number of very accurate mask perceptrons (a kind of high-order network or polynomial classifier) have been developed. Then rounding of synaptic weights was applied, leading in many cases to networks with integer weights which were subsequently converted to production rules. It is also shown that focusing of network attention onto a smaller subset of useful attributes ordered with respect to their decreasing discriminating abilities helps significantly in accurate rule generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rituximab and its role as maintenance therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2007)

Since rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, was introduced into clinical practice in 1997, data regarding its benefit in terms of response rate, quality of response, progression-free survival and overall survival in B-cell lymphoid malignancies continues to expand. Rituximab has proven to be a relatively well-tolerated drug, with its major side effects being infusion related. Rituximab was approved initially by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Subsequently, its use has been extended to include first-line therapy in low-grade lymphoma as well as the treatment of more aggressive histological subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In this article, we review the landmark trials that have impacted clinical practice in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and the emerging data for use of rituximab as maintenance therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
The human motor neuron pools receive a dominant slow‐varying common synaptic input (2016)

Motor neurons receive both common and independent synaptic inputs. This observation is classically based on the presence of a significant correlation between pairs of motor unit spike trains. The functional significance of different relative proportions of common input across muscles, individuals and conditions is still debated. One of the limitations in our understanding of correlated input to motor neurons is that it has not been possible so far to quantify the absolute proportion of common input with respect to the total synaptic input received by the motor neurons. Indeed, correlation measures of pairs of output spike trains only allow for relative comparisons. In the present study, we report for the first time an approach for measuring the proportion of common input in the low frequency bandwidth (<5 Hz) to a motor neuron pool in humans. This estimate is based on a phenomenological model and the theoretical fitting of the experimental values of coherence between the permutations of groups of motor unit spike trains. We demonstrate the validity of this theoretical estimate with several simulations. Moreover, we applied this method to three human muscles: the abductor digiti minimi, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis. Despite these muscles having different functional roles and control properties, as confirmed by the results of the present study, we estimate that their motor pools receive a similar and large (>60%) proportion of common low frequency oscillations with respect to their total synaptic input. These results suggest that the central nervous system provides a large amount of common input to motor neuron pools, in a similar way to that for muscles with different functional and control properties.
Fast Strain Estimation and Frame Selection in Ultrasound Elastography Using Machine Learning (2020)

Ultrasound elastography aims to determine the mechanical properties of the tissue by monitoring tissue deformation due to internal or external forces. Tissue deformations are estimated from ultrasound radio frequency (RF) signals and are often referred to as time delay estimation (TDE). Given two RF frames I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> , we can compute a displacement image, which shows the change in the position of each sample in I<sub>1</sub> to a new position in I<sub>2</sub> . Two important challenges in TDE include high computational complexity and the difficulty in choosing suitable RF frames. Selecting suitable frames is of high importance because many pairs of RF frames either do not have acceptable deformation for extracting informative strain images or are decorrelated and deformation cannot be reliably estimated. Herein, we introduce a method that learns 12 displacement modes in quasi-static elastography by performing principal component analysis (PCA) on displacement fields of a large training database. In the inference stage, we use dynamic programming (DP) to compute an initial displacement estimate of around 1% of the samples and then decompose this sparse displacement into a linear combination of the 12 displacement modes. Our method assumes that the displacement of the whole image could also be described by this linear combination of principal components. We then use the GLobal Ultrasound Elastography (GLUE) method to fine-tune the result yielding the exact displacement image. Our method, which we call PCA-GLUE, is more than 10× faster than DP in calculating the initial displacement map while giving the same result. This is due to converting the problem of estimating millions of variables in DP into a much simpler problem of only 12 unknown weights of the principal components. Our second contribution in this article is determining the suitability of the frame pair I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> for strain estimation, which we achieve by using the weight vector that we calculated for PCA-GLUE as an input to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier. We validate PCA-GLUE using simulation, phantom, and in vivo data. Our classifier takes only 1.5 ms during the testing phase and has an F1-measure of more than 92% when tested on 1430 instances collected from both phantom and in vivo data sets.
12A-2 Subharmonic Contrast Intravascular Ultrasound (2007)

The feasibility of subharmonic contrast intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging was investigated using a prototype nonlinear IVUS system and the commercial contrast agent Definity <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> . The system employed a mechanically scanned commercial catheter with a custom transducer element fabricated to have dual frequency peak sensitivity in the vicinity of 15 and 30 MHz. Experiments were conducted at a fundamental frequency of 30 MHz (F30; 25 % bandwidth) with on-axis pressures ranging from 0.12 to 0.79 MPa, as measured with needle a hydrophone. In vitro characterization experiments demonstrated the detection of 15 MHz subharmonic signals (SHI5) when pressure levels reached 360 kPa. The formation of SHI 5 images was shown, with tissue signals suppressed to near the noise floor and contrast to tissue ratios improved by up to 30 dB relative to F30, depending on the depth. In vivo experiments were performed using the atherosclerotic rabbit aorta model. Following the bolus injection of contrast agent upstream of the imaging catheter, agent was detected within the aorta, vena cava, and within the adventitia. Histology confirmed the presence of adventitial microvessels. These results provide a first in vivo demonstration of subharmonic contrast IVUS, and suggest its potential as a new technique for imaging the vasa vasorum.
Measurement of the Low-Energy Antideuteron Inelastic Cross Section (2020)

In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3≤p<4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩=17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3≤p<0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches.
COMPARISON OF THE ENERGY ABSORPTION BY TAPERING OF TUBES WITH OTHER FORMING PROCESSES (1997)

A major concern of the automotive industry is to reduce the weight of cars. At the same time security of the passengers has to be improved. One possibility to reach these aims is to use materials like fibre reinforced composites or magnesium alloys. Another possibility is to use conventional materials in connection with a controlled deformation process. This paper discusses the tapering process of steel or aluminium tubes in dies. Extensive experimental programs performed at the Institute of Mechanics in Hannover revealed that the tapering process is more efficient than tube inversion or progressive buckling of circular tubes. Therefore it has a great potential in the automotive industry. The mechanics of the tapering process is described by using kinematic relations and energy considerations. The closed-form solution presented in this paper shows a good correlation with experimental data. For the covering abstract see ITRD E116488.
Ligand-Stabilized Aromatic Three-Membered Gold Rings and Their Sandwichlike Complexes (2005)

Electronic structure calculations (DFT) suggest that ligand-stabilized three-membered gold(I) rings constituting the core structure in a series of cyclo-Au3L(n)H(3-n) (L = CH3, NH2, OH and Cl; n = 1, 2, 3) molecules exhibit aromaticity, which is primarily due to 6s and 5d cyclic electron delocalization over the triangular Au3 framework (s- and d-orbital aromaticity). The aromaticity of the novel triangular gold(I) isocycles was verified by a number of established criteria of aromaticity. In particular, the nucleus-independent chemical shift, NICS(0), the upfield changes in the chemical shifts for Li+, Ag+, and Tl+ cations over the Au3 ring plane, and their interaction with electrophiles (e.g., H+, Li+, Ag+, and Tl+) are indicative for the aromaticity of the three-membered gold(I) rings. Interestingly, unlike the respective substituted derivatives of cyclopropenium cation and the bora-cyclopropene carbacyclic analogues, the aromatic Au3 rings, although exhibit comparable diatropicity, react with electrophiles in a different way affording 1:1 and 2:1 sandwichlike complexes. The bonding in the three-membered gold(I) rings is characterized by a common ring-shaped electron density, more commonly seen in aromatic organic molecules and in "all-metal" aromatics, such as the cyclo-[Hg3]4- tetraanion. Moreover, the cation-pi interactions in the 1:1 and 1:2 sandwichlike complexes formed upon reacting the Au3 rings with electrophiles, depending on the nature of the cation, are predicted to be predominantly electrostatic (Li+, Tl+) or covalent (H+, Ag+). The 1:2 complexes constitute a new class of sandwichlike complexes, which are expected to have novel properties and applications.
A Parallel Library of all Seven A2+B2+C2Th Regioisomeric Hexakisadducts of Fullerene C60: Inspiration from Werner's Octahedral Stereoisomerism (2000)

Drei Substituentenpaare können nacheinander an C60 addiert werden, wobei hochregioselektiv Verbindungen (1 a und 1 b) mit ähnlicher räumlicher Verteilung der Substituenten, aber unterschiedlichen Kante-zu-Fläche-Beziehungen erhalten werden. Die Strukturen dieser Isomere können dank der durch die magnetisch anisotropen 4,5-Diazafluoreneinheiten verursachten Änderungen der chemischen Verschiebungen aus den NMR-Spektren abgeleitet werden.
Development and modelisation of a hydro-power conversion system based on vortex induced vibration (2016)

The Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) phenomenon leads to mechanical issues concerning bluff bodies immerged in fluid flows and have therefore been studied by numerous authors. Moreover, an increasing demand for energy implies the development of alternative, complementary and renewable energy solutions. The main idea of EauVIV project consists in the use of VIV rather than its deletion.
A 5.2 GHz variable gain LNA MMIC for adaptive antenna combining (2003)

A variable gain LNA was designed for HIPERLAN I. A noise figure of only 1.7 dB is measured at a gain of 14.5 dB and a power consumption of 9 mW (V/sub DC/=3 V, I/sub DC/=3 mA). Over an amplitude control range of 20 dB, the third order intercept point at the input is higher than -10 dBm, the spurious free dynamic range is higher than 55 dB and noise performance does not effectively degrade. Noise and intermodulation performance of different amplitude control methods as well as the required resolutions for D/A converters are investigated.
Forward Scattering Signature of a Spherical Particle Crossing a Laser Beam out of the Beam Waist (1988)

Abstract When a particle crosses a laser beam out of the focal plane, the light attenuation signal occuring on the beam axis contains some information regarding the particle size and trajectory. These attenuation signatures are analysed and predicted with a simplified model based on Fraunhofer diffraction. Numerical and experimental results are found to be in good agreement. A modified laser Doppler velocimeter using this sizing method is able to perform simulataneous measurement of size and velocity of spherical particle in the range 10 μm–500 μm.
Photosynthesis of furocoumarin- and furochromone-types potential intercalative alkylating and oxidizing agents of DNA through photooxidations using gamma-ray. (2003)

The photooxygenation of imperatorin (1a) under gamma-ray irradiation afforded the hydroperoxides 2a and 3a. Similarly, the photooxygenation of alloimperatorin (1b) gave the hydroperoxide (2b). Visnagin (1c) was also photooxygenated to give the hydroperoxide (2c) as sole product. On the other hand, the photooxygenation of khellin (1d) gave the endoperoxide (2d) as a sole product. The epoxidation of imperatorin (1a) using hydrogen peroxide under gamma-ray irradiation afforded the epoxide 5a. Similarly visnagin (1c) and khellin (1d) were epoxidized to give the epoxides 5c and 5d.
Surface-micromachined free-space fiber optic switches with integrated microactuators for optical fiber communication systems (2002)

We report on a novel surface-micromachined free-space fiber optic switch with integrated microactuators for optical fiber communication systems. The switch consists of an out-of-plane micromirror driven by integrated scratch drive actuators, and balanced by a spring. A fall time and a rise time of 15 ms and 6 ms have been achieved, respectively. The switch is equipped with the fail-safe feature as required by the FDDI optical bypass switch. In addition, a vibration g-test has been conducted while the switch is transmitting data. Error free operation up to 89 g's has been achieved for vibration frequencies from 200 Hz to 10 kHz.
Quinazolin-4-one Derivatives: A Novel Class of Noncompetitive NR2C/D Subunit-SelectiveN-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonists (2010)

We describe a new class of subunit-selective antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-selective ionotropic glutamate receptors that contain the (E)-3-phenyl-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-one backbone. The inhibition of recombinant NMDA receptor function induced by these quinazolin-4-one derivatives is noncompetitive and voltage-independent, suggesting that this family of compounds does not exert action on the agonist binding site of the receptor or block the channel pore. The compounds described here resemble CP-465,022 ((S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(6-diethylaminomethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-vinyl]-6-fluoro-3H-quinazolin-4-one), a noncompetitive antagonist of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors. However, modification of ring substituents resulted in analogues with greater than 100-fold selectivity for recombinant NMDA receptors over AMPA and kainate receptors. Furthermore, within this series of compounds, analogues were identified with 50-fold selectivity for recombinant NR2C/D-containing receptors over NR2A/B containing receptors. These compounds represent a new class of noncompetitive subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonists.
Mouse Models of Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome: A Review (1998)

Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a recessively inherited disease affecting the contents and/or the secretion of several related subcellular organelles including melanosomes, lysosomes, and platelet dense granules. It presents with disorders of pigmentation, prolonged bleeding, and ceroid deposition, often accompanied by severe fibrotic lung disease and colitis. In the mouse, the disorder is clearly multigenic, caused by at least 14 distinct mutations. Studies on the mouse mutants have defined the granule abnormalities of HPS and have shown that the disease is associated with a surprising variety of phenotypes affecting many tissues. This is an exciting time in HPS research because of the recent molecular identification of the gene causing a major form of human HPS and the expected identifications of several mouse HPS genes. Identifications of mouse HPS genes are expected to increase our understanding of intracellular vesicle trafficking, lead to discovery of new human HPS genes, and suggest diagnostic and therapeutic approaches toward the more severe clinical consequences of the disease.
How long is ten years? (2011)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Avatar-Based Advertising in Second Life (2009)

Avatar-based, three-dimensional, virtual environments such as Second Life, the most popular and fastest growing environment, offer a promising corporate communication channel for brand marketing, advergaming, and interactive advertising. Drawing on presence literature, this study examines the effects of the presence (versus absence) of spokes-avatars that provide product information and consumers’ multimodal interactions with these spokes-avatars on improvements in the consumers’ product involvement, attitude toward the product, and enjoyment of the online shopping experience. In addition, this study investigates the effects of spokes-avatars’ physical characteristics in terms of humanness (versus non-humanness) on consumers’ evaluation of their physical attractiveness and the information value of the advertisement message. A path analysis reveals a mediating role of spokes-avatars’ physical attractiveness.
Characteristics of Phase Transformation in Metallic Fine Particles (Martensitic transformation of Fe-Ni alloys, and ordering of CuAu and Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Au alloys) (1964)

Effects of particle size upon the martensitic transformation of Fe-Ni alloys and the ordering of CuAu and Cu3Au alloys were studied. The specimens were prepared by the reduction of fine powdered solid solution of (Fe, Ni) C2O4. 2H2O, (Fe, Ni)3O4 and (Cu, Au) CN in hydrogen at various temperatures. The Ms temperature decreases with decreasing particle size, and the particles (27.4% Ni) less than 0.7 μ do not undergo martensitic transformation even at the liquid nitrogen temperature. The rates of ordering in CuAu and Cu3Au increase with decreasing particle size. These phenomena were discussed from the viewpoint of the behaviors of crystal imperfections in fine particles.
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized MRC-5 and HCA2 human fibroblasts are fully permissive for human cytomegalovirus (2001)

MRC-5 cells are a well-characterized human diploid fibroblast cell line approved for vaccine production and favoured for the routine propagation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Ectopic expression of telomerase in fibroblasts is capable of overcoming replicative senescence induced by telomere shortening. Following delivery of the hTERT gene to MRC-5 cells using a retrovirus vector three clones were generated that (i) expressed functional telomerase activity, (ii) exhibited telomere extension and (iii) were sustained for >100 population doublings. Immortalized MRC-5-hTERT and also HCA2-hTERT human fibroblasts were both fully permissive for HCMV as determined by plaque assay, studies of virus growth kinetics and measurement of virus yields. Furthermore, telomerase-immortalized HCA2 cells proved capable of supporting the stable maintenance of an EBV-based episomal vector with efficient transgene expression when driven by the HCMV immediate early promoter. An indicator cell line suitable for the efficient detection of HCMV infection was also generated using an episome containing a reporter gene (lacZ) under the control of the HCMV beta-2.7 early promoter. Telomerase immortalization of human fibroblasts will thus facilitate the growth and detection of HCMV and also the generation of helper cell lines for the propagation of HCMV deletion mutants. Immortalization of fibroblasts by telomerase does not affect cell morphology or growth characteristics. The MRC-5-hTERT clones may therefore be suitable for additional applications in virology, cell biology, vaccine production and biotechnology.
Atmospheric trace chemistry in the American humid tropics (1974)

Numerous attempts have been made to define global mean concentrations of trace substances and to incorporate these into global models of net source and sink strengths of the various natural and anthropogenic atmospheric contaminants. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01973.x
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Novel (Fluoroaryl)silanes and Their Applications in the Organoyttrium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes and Oxidation to Alcohols. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimum algorithms for two random sampling problems (1983)

Several fast new algorithms are presented for sampling n records at random from a file containing N records. The first problem we solve deals with sampling when N is known, and the the second problem considers the case when N is unknown. The two main results in this paper are Algorithms D and Z. Algorithm D solves the first problem by doing the sampling with a small constant amount of space and in O(n) time, on the average; roughly n uniform random variates are generated, and approximately n exponentiation operations are performed during the sampling The sample is selected sequentially and online; it answers an open problem in [Knuth 81]. Algorithm Z solves the second problem by doing the sampling using O(n) space, roughly n ln(N/n) uniform random variates and O(n(1 + log(N/n))) time, on the average. Both algorithms are time- and space-optimum and are short and easy to implement.