gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lowering of ground state induced by core-shell structure in strontium titanate (2016)

A new ground state of textbook compound strontium titanate $(\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ is obtained by inducing a specific core-shell structure of the particles. Using a combination of high energy synchrotron and neutron diffraction, we demonstrate a lowering of the ferroelastic ground state towards a new antiferrodistortive phase, accompanied with strong shifts of the critical temperature. This new phase is discussed within the Landau theory and compared with the situation in thin films and during pressure experiments. The crucial competition between particle shape anisotropy, surface tension, and shear strain is analyzed. Inducing a specific core-shell structure is therefore an easy way to tailor structural properties and to stabilize new phases that cannot exist in bulk material, just like film deposition on a substrate.
Full Duplex Networking: Mission Impossible? (2014)

Mobile traffic is projected to increase 1000 times from 2010 to 2020. This poses significant challenges on the 5th generation (5G) wireless communication system design, including network structure, air interface, key transmission schemes, multiple access, and duplexing schemes. In this paper, full duplex networking issues are discussed, aiming to provide some insights on the design and possible future deployment for 5G. Particularly, the interference scenarios in full duplex are analyzed, followed by discussions on several candidate interference mitigation approaches, interference proof frame structures, transceiver structures for channel reciprocity recovery, and super full duplex base station where each sector operates in time division duplex (TDD) mode. The extension of TDD and frequency division duplex (FDD) to full duplex is also examined. It is anticipated that with future standardization and deployment of full duplex systems, TDD and FDD will be harmoniously integrated, supporting all the existing half duplex mobile phones efficiently, and leading to a substantially enhanced 5G system performance.
Semi-parametric estimators for heavy tailed distributions (2010)

In this paper we describe and apply estimating function theory to evaluate the parameters of parametric distributions uniquely defined by their characteristic functions. We first implement an estimating function model based on the first four moments of a parametric function of the underlying random variables. For instance we propose two parametric functions of the underlying random variables so as to obtain its first moments more easily by the simple knowledge of the characteristic function. Thus we consider the estimates that present the minimal asymptotic variance with respect to the parameter of the function. Then we propose an empirical analysis based on simulated stable Paretian distributions. Using simulated data of stable distributions we evaluate the forecasting power of the proposed methodology comparing it with the analogous maximum likelihood estimates. Moreover we show how to apply the same methodology to some well-known infinitely divisible distributions.
A repressor in the proximal human inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter modulates transcriptional activation (2002)

The human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOSII) gene is regulated through an extended and complex promoter. In this study, the transcriptional regulation of human NOSII is investigated in the human colon cell line HCT-8R. Stimulation with a cytokine mix (interferon-gamma, interleukin 1-beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) induces NOSII mRNA accumulation, as well as promoter activity in these cells. Several random deletions were performed within the proximal 7 kb of the promoter, which led to the identification of a region, whose deletion provokes a marked increase in transcriptional activity upon cytokine stimulation. Furthermore, this region is shown to repress a viral-driven luciferase construct, mainly at basal levels. An AP-1-like sequence present in this region that is specifically recognized by nuclear proteins is shown to be involved in the repressive effect. This element is capable of repressing a viral promoter, and its deletion augments cytokine-stimulated transcription. These findings are confirmed in various cell lines and suggest a general mechanism for the control of basal levels of NOSII expression, to avoid unnecessary toxicity under normal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL CARBYNE COMPLEXES, XVIII. REACTIONS INVOLVING REPLACEMENT OF CARBONYL GROUPS IN TRANS‐BROMOTETRACARBONYL(PHENYLCARBYNE) COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM AND TUNGSTEN (1977)

Abstract Die Phenylcarbin‐W‐ und ‐Cr‐Komplexe (II) reagieren mit verschiedenen Donatoren unter Substitution einer bzw. zweier CO‐Liganden und bilden die mer‐Derivate (I) bzw. die Produkte (III) oder (IV).
CNC Turning of an Additively Manufactured Complex Profile Ti6Al4V Component Considering the Effect of Layer Orientations (2023)

Electron beam melting (EBM) is one example of a 3D printing technology that has shown great promise and advantages in the fabrication of medical devices such as dental and orthopedic implants. However, these products require high surface quality control to meet the specifications; thus, post-processing, such as with machining processes, is required to improve surface quality. This paper investigates the influence of two-part orientations of Ti6Al4V EBM parts on the CNC machining (turning) process. The two possible EBM part orientations used in this work are across EBM layers (AL) and parallel to the EBM layer (PL). The effect of the EBM Ti6Al4V part orientations is examined on surface roughness, power consumption, chip morphology, tool flank wear, and surface morphology during the dry turning, while using uncoated carbide tools at different feed rates and cutting speeds. The results showed that the AL orientation had better surface quality control and integrity after machining than PL orientation. Using the same turning parameters, the difference between the roughness (Ra) value for AL (0.36 μm) and PL (0.79 μm) orientations is about 54%. Similarly, the power consumption in AL orientation differs by 19% from the power consumption in PL orientation. The chip thickness ratio has a difference of 23% between AL and PL orientations, and the flank wear shows a 40% difference between AL and PL orientations. It is found that, when EBM components are manufactured along across-layer (AL) orientations, the impact of part orientation during turning is minimized and machined surface integrity is improved.
Sodium arsenite-induced changes in the wood of esca-diseased grapevine at cytological and metabolomic levels (2023)

In the past, most grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been controlled by treatments with sodium arsenite. For obvious reasons, sodium arsenite was banned in vineyards, and consequently, the management of GTDs is difficult due to the lack of methods with similar effectiveness. Sodium arsenite is known to have a fungicide effect and to affect the leaf physiology, but its effect on the woody tissues where the GTD pathogens are present is still poorly understood. This study thus focuses on the effect of sodium arsenite in woody tissues, particularly in the interaction area between asymptomatic wood and necrotic wood resulting from the GTD pathogens' activities. Metabolomics was used to obtain a metabolite fingerprint of sodium arsenite treatment and microscopy to visualize its effects at the histo-cytological level. The main results are that sodium arsenite impacts both metabolome and structural barriers in plant wood. We reported a stimulator effect on plant secondary metabolites in the wood, which add to its fungicide effect. Moreover, the pattern of some phytotoxins is affected, suggesting the possible effect of sodium arsenite in the pathogen metabolism and/or plant detoxification process. This study brings new elements to understanding the mode of action of sodium arsenite, which is useful in developing sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to better manage GTDs.
Physcomitrella PpORS, Basal to Plant Type III Polyketide Synthases in Phylogenetic Trees, Is a Very Long Chain 2′-Oxoalkylresorcinol Synthase (2012)

The plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), which produce diverse secondary metabolites with different biological activities, have successfully co-evolved with land plants. To gain insight into the roles that ancestral type III PKSs played during the early evolution of land plants, we cloned and characterized PpORS from the moss Physcomitrella. PpORS has been proposed to closely resemble the most recent common ancestor of the plant type III PKSs. PpORS condenses a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA with four molecules of malonyl-CoA and catalyzes decarboxylative aldol cyclization to yield the pentaketide 2'-oxoalkylresorcinol. Therefore, PpORS is a 2'-oxoalkylresorcinol synthase. Structure modeling and sequence alignments identified a unique set of amino acid residues (Gln(218), Val(277), and Ala(286)) at the putative PpORS active site. Substitution of the Ala(286) to Phe apparently constricted the active site cavity, and the A286F mutant instead produced triketide alkylpyrones from fatty acyl-CoA substrates with shorter chain lengths. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the active sites of PpORS and alkylresorcinol synthases from sorghum and rice suggested that the gramineous enzymes evolved independently from PpORS to have similar functions but with distinct active site architecture. Microarray analysis revealed that PpORS is exclusively expressed in nonprotonemal moss cells. The in planta function of PpORS, therefore, is probably related to a nonprotonemal structure, such as the cuticle.
STM and atomic-resolution noncontact AFM of an oxygen-deficientTiO2(110)surface (2000)

We present atom-resolved images of oxygen-deficient ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). Although STM images emphasized variations of Ti-atom density underneath the surface oxygen, NC-AFM images directly traced defect-induced structures of topmost oxygen atoms. We first found the $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ phases was not composed of missing ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ units but added ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ rows. We observed the deformed $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ phase by half steps along [001], which well explains that diffusion and adsorption of segregated impurities help in the formation of $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ phases.
Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not associated with survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (2022)

The role of prolonged pre-ECMO IMV duration as a contraindication for ECMO in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS should be scrutinised. Evaluation for ECMO should be assessed on an individual and patient-centred basis.
Medical Literature Made Easy (1997)

In the new patient clinic, an oncology fellow sees a 60-year-old man who was diagnosed with gastric cancer 1 year earlier. The patient underwent surgical resection and reports that all of his tumor was removed. He has had no medical care in the interim. Since the fellow does not see many patients with gastric cancer in the clinic, he is unsure of the current treatment recommendations. Does the patient need follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scans? If so, how often? Would adjuvant chemotherapy be beneficial for this type of cancer? After seeing the patient, the physician decides to use the Internet to perform a literature search on the topic.
Mean-Field Electrodynamic Theory of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composites (2009)

We propose an improved effective-medium theory to study the interaction of the electromagnetic field with carbon nanotubes composites. The axial response of the tube is obtained by an approximate solution of the parallel polarization scattering by spheroidal-shape inclusions, which takes into account the first-order geometric resonances and intra/inter-band transitions. The proposed theory is in conformity with experimental results published elsewhere. Mathematical derivations are provided to demonstrate that aligned carbon nanotube composites can support negative-refraction wave propagation under certain conditions. The theory is employed to perform a statistical analysis of carbon nanotube composites using practical probability distributions.
Selective Formation of Helical Tetrapyrrin‐Fused Porphyrins by Oxidation of β‐to‐β Linked meso‐Aminoporphyrin Dimers (2018)

Oxidation of β-to-β directly linked and sulfur-bridged meso-amino Ni<sup>II</sup> -porphyrin dimers with PbO<sub>2</sub> gave helical tetrapyrrin (biliverdin analogue)-fused Ni<sup>II</sup> -porphyrins. These ring cleaving reactions differ markedly from the previously reported oxidation of a β-β linked Ni<sup>II</sup> -porphyrin dimer carrying one amino group, which gave an azepine-fused porphyrin dimer. The tetrapyrrin-fused Ni<sup>II</sup> -porphyrins display intense NIR absorption bands at 1200-1400 nm and reversible redox processes because of the highly π-conjugated networks and rigid structures. These tetrapyrrin-fused Ni<sup>II</sup> -porphyrins were separated to stable enantiomers, which showed clear Cotton effects in their CD spectra with Δϵ of 10<sup>2</sup> order.
Reconstruction de surface de catalyseurs à base de pérovskite LaCoO3 sous environnement réactionnel : Etude XPS (2006)

4-6 avril 2006 Présentation : I. Twagirashema
A 12 GHz 1.9 W Direct Digital Synthesizer MMIC Implemented in 0.18 $\mu$m SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2008)

This paper presents a 12 GHz direct digital synthesizer (DDS) MMIC with 9-bit phase and 8-bit amplitude resolution implemented in a 0.18 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. Composed of a 9-bit pipeline accumulator and an 8-bit sine-weighted current-steering DAC, the DDS is capable of synthesizing sinusoidal waveforms up to 5.93 GHz. The maximum clock frequency of the DDS MMIC is measured as 11.9 GHz at the Nyquist output and 12.3 GHz at 2.31 GHz output. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the DDS, measured at Nyquist output with an 11.9 GHz clock, is 22 dBc. The power consumption of the DDS MMIC measured at a 12 GHz clock input is 1.9 W with dual power supplies of 3.3 V/4 V. The DDS thus achieves a record-high power efficiency figure of merit (FOM) of 6.3 GHz/W. With more than 9600 transistors, the active area of the MMIC is only 2.5 x 0.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The chip was measured in packaged prototypes using 48-pin ceramic LCC packages.
Impact of Mold Properties on the Reliability of Ball Grid Array Packaging (2011)

A fatigue model based on viscoplastic material properties and accumulated plastic work was applied to predict crack initiation and crack propagation on Pb-free solder joints. The fatigue model relies on finite element analysis of Ball Grid array electronic packages and Design of Experiments methodology to explore the impact of mold material properties and thickness on the package reliability. It was observed that the outermost solder joint has the lowest failure free life in agreement with the literature.
Electrostatics at the nanoscale (2011)

Electrostatic forces are amongst the most versatile interactions to mediate the assembly of nanostructured materials. Depending on experimental conditions, these forces can be long- or short-ranged, can be either attractive or repulsive, and their directionality can be controlled by the shapes of the charged nano-objects. This Review is intended to serve as a primer for experimentalists curious about the fundamentals of nanoscale electrostatics and for theorists wishing to learn about recent experimental advances in the field. Accordingly, the first portion introduces the theoretical models of electrostatic double layers and derives electrostatic interaction potentials applicable to particles of different sizes and/or shapes and under different experimental conditions. This discussion is followed by the review of the key experimental systems in which electrostatic interactions are operative. Examples include electroactive and "switchable" nanoparticles, mixtures of charged nanoparticles, nanoparticle chains, sheets, coatings, crystals, and crystals-within-crystals. Applications of these and other structures in chemical sensing and amplification are also illustrated.
Depth Predictability of Stromal Pockets in the Posterior Cornea (1998)

In the posterior cornea, stromal pockets can be created to within 30 microm from the intended depth. Variation in depth throughout the pocket decreases with deeper pocket depth. Pachymetry is a reliable method to check the achieved pocket depth during surgery; the accuracy of pachymetry readings improves with deeper pocket depth.
Correlation between flat-band potential position and oxygenated termination nature on boron-doped diamond electrodes (2008)

This paper deals with a study about the position of the flat-band potential and the surface chemistry of boron-doped diamond electrodes. Successive and mild anodic treatments have been performed on as-deposited electrodes, in H 2 SO 4 . From Mott–Schottky plots, flat-band potential ( V FB ) evolution has been monitored, exhibiting successively negative then positive shifts during surface oxidation, depending on the anodic coulometric charge. Thanks to surface characterization by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), this particular evolution of V FB has been related to the evolution of specific oxygen functionalities at the surface. While the general trends in the literature is to associate the V FB displacement with the generation of oxygenated terminations, the results presented in this study exhibit the high sensitivity of V FB to hydroxyl or ether groups.
Computer-assisted Docking of Flavodoxin with the ATP:Co(I)rrinoid Adenosyltransferase (CobA) Enzyme Reveals Residues Critical for Protein-Protein Interactions but Not for Catalysis (2005)

The activity of the housekeeping ATP:co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (CobA) enzyme of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium is required to adenosylate de novo biosynthetic intermediates of adenosylcobalamin and to salvage incomplete and complete corrinoids from the environment of this bacterium. In vitro, reduced flavodoxin (FldA) provides an electron to generate the co(I)rrinoid substrate in the CobA active site. To understand how CobA and FldA interact, a computer model of a CobA.FldA complex was generated. This model was used to guide the introduction of mutations into CobA using site-directed mutagenesis and the synthesis of a peptide mimic of FldA. Residues Arg-9 and Arg-165 of CobA were critical for FldA-dependent adenosylation but were catalytically as competent as the wild-type protein when cob(I)alamin was provided as substrate. These results indicate that Arg-9 and Arg-165 are important for CobA.FldA docking but not to catalysis. A truncation of the 9-amino acid N-terminal helix of CobA reduced its FldA-dependent cobalamin adenosyltransferase activity by 97.4%. The same protein, however, had a 4-fold higher specific activity than the native enzyme when cob(I)alamin was generated chemically in situ.
The study of the underwater camera model (2011)

The visual information is one of most important for underwater platforms like underwater vehicles to perform various missions. So most of them are equipped with underwater cameras, and a lot of information can be obtained from images taken by the cameras. However, for example, it is very difficult to understand the accurate size or accurate length and area of shooting subjects. So we propose the stereo camera system in order to measure such parameters accurately because Most of the underwater platforms are already equipped with some underwater cameras. And it is more compact than other sensor devices, and also its measurement accuracy is much better than them. However the design of the properly camera model for the deep-sea is very difficult because of the complex optical refraction. So, new camera model for underwater must be designed. In this paper, the outline and the effect of the underwater camera model, which can compensate the influence cased by the complex optical refraction, are shown.
On-line Adaptive Context Awareness starting from low-level sensors (1999)

Along with the sales-figures and the popularity of wearable and portable devices, the importance of their usability and functionality is increasing as well. Most of these devices need to change their behavior according to the context they are currently in. Inadequate knowledge about the context results in a lack of user-friendliness. Mobile phones for example don?t know when and how to disturb their users when a call arrives. The solution would be to add various sensors and thus give the host device more knowledge about its context. However, the way humans describe contexts is not by giving the complete inventory of their sensations. Often, either unusual elements (&amp;quot;It?s cold.&amp;quot;) or more abstract properties (&amp;quot;I?m home.&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;I?m in a dark room.&amp;quot; ) are noticed and expressed. If the device needs to function in a transparent way for its user or if the user needs to train the device, it needs to recognize contexts in a similar way. This thesis will focus on the transformation of a multitude of sensory information to a short context description, supplied by the user, in an adaptive and on-line way. The approach is to use an adaptive hybrid system consisting of a connectionist layer, followed by a symbolic layer. Sensor outputs will be periodically sent to a self-organizing artificial neural network architecture, which is responsible for the initial processing and clustering. A symbolic layer, implemented as a Markov chain, provides a predictive component that enables interaction with the user, ensures an enhanced recognition.
Measurement of Episcleral Venous Pressure and Assessment of the Normal Range (1983)

Glaucomatous damage develops in certain patients because of elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP). To measure the EVP in typical clinical settings, a practical and reliable instrument is needed. We have developed such an instrument, the venomanometer, and present tests of its reproducibility. The intraobserver reproducibility was 0.7 mm Hg, and the mean difference between the readings of two observers was 0.7 ? 1.2 mm Hg. We then used the venomanometer to study the EVP in 122 eyes of 68 normal subjects distributed in seven age groups between 10 and 80 years. The EVP did not vary with age (mean, 7.6 k 1.3 mm Hg). This value is compared with those obtained with other instruments. (Arch Ophthalrnol 1983; 101: 14471449) T he episcleral veins serve as collector channels for the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Increased pressure in these veins may cause an elevation of intraocular pressure that may lead to glaucomatous damage. Increased episcleral venous pressure (EVP) may occur rarely on an idiopathic basis, but may be associated with specific abnormalities such as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis or venous outflow obstruction (eg, arteriovenous malformation or cav