gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Polymeric Cathode Material with Intrinsic Overcharge Protection Based on a 2,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐ 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene Core Structure (2012)

Abstract Polymer‐based electroactive materials have been studied and applied in energy storage systems as a valid replacement for transition metal oxides. As early as 1999, Hass et al. proposed an interesting concept on the possible incorporation of both charge storage and overcharge protection functionality into a single material. However, there are virtually no examples of polymeric materials that can not only store the charge, but also consume the overcharge current. Herein, a new material based on a cross‐linked polymer ( I ) with 2,5‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐1,4‐dimethoxybenzene as the core structure is reported. The cyclic voltammogram of the synthesized polymer shows a single oxidation/reduction peak at 3.9–4.0 V. At 1C rate (56 mA/g), polymer I shows stable cycling up to 200 cycles with &lt;10% capacity loss. The redox shuttle mechanism remarkably can be activated when cell voltage is elevated to 4.3 V and the overcharge plateau at 4.2 V (2 nd plateau) is persistent for more than 100 hours. The overcharge protection was due to the release of a chemical redox shuttle species in the electrolyte during the initial charging process. Both DFT calculations and NMR analysis of the aromatic signals in the 1 H‐NMR spectrum of electrolytes from “overcharged” cells provide evidence for this hypothesis.
Efavirenz alters mitochondrial respiratory function in cultured neuron and glial cell lines (2015)

These findings reveal that efavirenz specifically alters mitochondrial respiration, which is of relevance for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efavirenz-associated neurological effects that have been recorded in clinical situations.
WHEN TO PERFORM CHANNEL COMBINATION IN 7 TESLA QUANTITATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING (2016)

Coil combination for QSM
Chloride‐Induced Highly Active Au Catalyst for Methyl Esterification of Alcohols (2019)

Summary of main observation and conclusion Chloride is generally regarded as a harmful species for the heterogeneous catalysts, especially Au catalysts. In this work, a series of active Au/NiO x catalysts were successfully prepared with co‐precipitation method by tracking the concentrations of chloride in the re‐dispersed aqueous solutions. For methyl esterification of alcohols, the highest active Au/NiO x catalysts could be prepared from aqueous solutions containing 8‐13 ppm chloride, the yield of methyl benzoate of catalyst Au/NiO x ‐9 was 99%. The catalyst structures and the role of chloride in catalysts were explored by ICP, BET, XPS, TEM and EXAFS characterizations. It was found that the appropriate amount of residual chloride in Au catalysts was beneficial to their catalytic activities. Especially for Au/NiO x ‐9, the appropriate amount of residual chloride had positive effects on the physicochemical properties of Au/NiO x catalyst, the position of Au nanoparticles (NPs) located on NiO x crystallites and the ratio of Au δ + /Au 0 in catalyst, which together resulted in its high reactivity.
On the Effect of Particle Alignment in the DMA (2007)

The Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is designed to measure particle mobility diameter, which for spherical particles is equal to particle volume equivalent diameter. In contrast, the mobility diameter of aspherical particles is a function of the particle shape and orientation. The magnitude of the DMA electric fields is such that it can cause aspherical particles to align preferentially in a specific orientation. The same electric field and the sheath flow rate ( q sh ) define the particle mobility diameter. But, the fact that particle orientation depends on the electric field makes the dynamic shape factor and hence the mobility diameter depend on q sh . Here, we describe an operating procedure that relies on a tandem DMA system, in which the second DMA is operated at a number of q sh , to obtain information about particle shape by measuring the effect of particle alignment on the particle mobility diameter. We show how the relationship between the mobility diameter and q sh can even be used to physically separate particles according to their shapes. In addition we explore the use of simultaneous measurements of particle alignment and particle vacuum aerodynamic diameters to gain further information on particle shape and account for particle alignment in the calculations of dynamic shape factor. We first test this approach on doublets and compact triplets of PSL spheres, for which the orientation dependent dynamic shape factors are known. We then investigate applications on a number of polydisperse particle systems of various shapes.
Episodic gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression revealed by dynamic monitoring of luciferase reporter activity in single, living neurons (1998)

The existence of an intrinsic oscillator for pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in normal and transformed GnRH neurons raises the question of whether the corresponding gene also is expressed in an episodic manner. To resolve this question, we used a modification of conventional luciferase technology, which enabled continuous monitoring of GnRH gene activity in single, living neurons. With this method, the relative rate of endogenous gene expression is estimated by quantification of photons emitted by individual neurons microinjected with a GnRH promoter-driven luciferase reporter construct. Immortalized GT1-1 neurons, which secrete the decapeptide GnRH in a pulsatile manner conceptually identical to that of their nontransformed counterparts in vivo, were chosen as the model for these studies. First, we injected individual cells with purified luciferase protein and established that the reporter half-life was sufficiently short (50 min) to enable detection of transient changes in gene expression. Next, we subjected transfected GT1-1 cells to continuous monitoring of reporter activity for 16 h and found that the majority of them exhibited spontaneous fluctuations of photonic activity over time. Finally, we established that photonic activity accurately reflected endogenous GnRH gene expression by treating transfected GT1-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (a consensus inhibitor of GnRH gene expression) and observing a dramatic suppression of photonic emissions from continuously monitored cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the validity of our "real-time" strategy for dynamically monitoring GnRH gene activity in living neurons. Moreover, our findings indicate that GnRH gene expression as well as neuropeptide release can occur in an intermittent manner.
State-of-the-art on the conceptual advancement of seawater intrusion: A comprehensive review, management, and possible future research direction (2023)

The global need for freshwater resources by densely populated regions has resulted in the excessive exploitation of groundwater (GW), subsequently leading to seawater intrusion (SWI) predisposed to the influences of rising sea levels and changing climates. This research proposes a state-of-the-art review of SWI to develop proper coastal integrated water resource management. For these purposes, a detailed review of the long research period on SWI in terms of conceptual advancement, identification techniques, and protection and mitigation procedures is presented. Past, present, and future improvements of SWI were analysed from the available literature and comprehensive bibliographic analysis based on the largest available database (Scopus) was performed from 1970 to March 2022. We found that hydrogeological, hydrochemical, isotopic, and geophysical methods accounted for 7.2%, 8.1%, 3.7%, and 9.2% for SWI assessment studies, respectively. Moreover, SWI modelling, and simulation received the closest attention, accounting for 49.4% and 22.3%, respectively. The outcomes also revealed that China, the United States of America (USA), Australia, India, and Italy are the countries with the highest contributions to the field of SWI, accounting for 17%, 14%, 5.6%, 5%, and 4.5% of research, respectively. The obtained results also suggest further developments for enhancing the management of SWI in the affected regions. For Saudi Arabia, we found that more research is required for SWI assessment and management.
Effects of Four Independent Low‐Phytate Mutations on Barley Agronomic Performance (2006)

ABSTRACT The seed phosphorus storage compound phytic acid ( myo ‐inositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hea kis phosphate) is poorly utilized by nonruminant animals. Low Phytate (LP) crops, in which reductions of phytate are accompanied by increases in nutritionally available P, are in development and their utility will be enhanced by competitive agronomic performance. To assess the performance of LP barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), sets of sib lines that are homozygous wild type (WT), or homozygous for one of four independent low phytic acid mutations ( lpa1‐1 , lpa2‐1 , lpa3‐1 , and M955), were developed via backcrosses to Harrington. The WT sibsets performed similarly to the Harrington parent, suggesting that the major variable in these experiments was the presence or absence of the LP alleles. Under irrigation, M955, which has an extreme reduction in phytate, was associated with reduced yield and percentage plump kernels; all mutations except lpa2‐1 were associated with reduced test weight. In rain‐fed locations, all mutations were associated with reduced test weight and percentage plump kernels, and all except lpa1‐1 were associated with reduced yield. These results suggest that one component of yield loss in LP types is reduced stress tolerance. The performance of the lpa 1‐1 mutation, which appears to be aleurone specific, suggests a potential strategy to avoid this source of yield loss: the use of genotypes where the desirable effect is limited to a target tissue, in this case the aleurone layer.
Sentence level information patterns for novelty detection (2006)

The of new information in a document stream is an important component of many potential applications. In this thesis, a new novelty approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. Given a user's information need, some information patterns in sentences such as combinations of query words, sentence lengths, named entities and phrases, and other sentence patterns, may contain more important and relevant information than single words. The work of the thesis includes three parts. First, we redefine what is novelty detection in the lights of the proposed information patterns. Examples of several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of uses' information need. Second, we analyze why the proposed information pattern concept has a significant impact in novelty detection. A thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated on data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, we present how we perform novelty based on information patterns, which focuses on the identification of previously unseen query-related patterns in sentences. A unified pattern-based approach is presented to novelty for both specific NE topics and more general topics. Experiments on novelty were carried out on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks. Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty for both specific and general topics, therefore the overall performance for all topics, in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research directions are suggested.
Phosphinite Thioethers Derived from Chiral Epoxides. Modular P,S-Ligands for Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions (2010)

A new family of modular P,S-ligands has been prepared from enantiopure arylglycidols. These ligands have been iteratively optimized with respect to four different structural parameters for use in Pd-catalyzed allylic substitutions. As a final output, highly active and enantioselective ligands for these synthetically important transformations have been developed, and the factors controlling their catalytic behavior have been rationalized. From a methodological point of view, a convenient procedure for the regioselective ring-opening of cis-glycidic esters with bulky thiols to yield the corresponding beta-alkylthio-alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids has been developed.
Effects of exposure of pre-pubertal boars to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on their frozen-thawed sperm viability post-puberty (2006)

Late effects of pre-pubertal oral exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plastic softener used in, for example, polyvinyl chloride-products, on semen quality in young boars have not been clear-cut. The aim of this study was to determine whether stress imposed on spermatozoa would reveal such effects. Semen was collected from post-pubertal boars (8-9 months of age), which had been exposed to 300 mg kg(-1) body weight of DEHP per os three times a week from 3 to 7 weeks of age and from control siblings given placebo (water). The semen was cryopreserved and examined for plasma membrane integrity post-thaw using the short hypo-osmotic swelling test and flow cytometry (propidium iodide /SYBR-14). Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. No significant difference in plasma membrane integrity could be found between the groups. The DEHP-exposed group had a significantly lower percentage of linearly motile spermatozoa at 30 min (P < 0.05) and 120 min (P < 0.001) after thawing, and a larger amplitude of lateral displacement of the head 120 min after thawing (P < 0.05), compared with controls. In summary, spermatozoa from boars pre-pubertally exposed to low doses of DEHP, showed kinematic deviations post-thaw that could be related to DEHP exposure.
Multimodal Emission and Scattering of Quantum Light (2023)

We consider the scattering of multimodal quantum light by the perfectly conducting cylinder and its emission by quantum two-element phased array antenna. For the scattering description, we use the well-known classical numerical technique based on the characteristic modes adapted to the quantum light. The method is applicable to cylinders of arbitrary cross-section and size relative to the wavelength. It is shown that the antenna emission and scattering are accompanied by the transformation of the quantum-statistical properties of light (the second-order far field correlation function becomes directional and the multimodal entanglement is created. The obtained results are promising for applications in various branches of quantum technologies.
High-Performance Hardware Accelerators for Next Generation On-Board Data Processing (2022)

Hyperspectral imaging is a key remote sensing technology. The explosive growth in hyperspectral image data volume (several TBs per orbit) and instrument data rates (in the range of 20 Gbps), compete with limited available on-board storage resources and downlink bandwidth, making hyperspectral image data compression a mission critical on-board data processing task. In order to provide continuous and reliable data transfer from the on-board systems to the ground stations, channel coding is being applied at the end of the data processing pipeline to guarantee reliable communications even at low signal-to-noise ratio regimes. Moreover, erasure correcting codes working on information packets rather than bits or symbols, can provide downlink reliability in future RF and optical links especially when Automatic Repeat Queuing (ARQ) strategies are either problematic or impossible due to specific service delay constraints and intermittent connectivity. Committed to the vision for "Space Technology Designed in Greece", in this special session paper, we provide an overview of cutting-edge technology high-performance hardware accelerators developed in the NKUA Digital Systems and Computer Architecture Laboratory (DSCAL), applicable to next-generation payloads for earth observation, optical/RF communication and connectivity, including CCSDS hyperspectral image compression and channel-coding at bit-level and packet-level.
Kinetically Enhanced Approach for Rapid and Tunable Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers (2015)

A facile approach is reported to process rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) into highly ordered nanostructures in a rapid, low-energy process. By introducing a selective plasticizer into the rod-coil BCPs during annealing, both the annealing temperature and time to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium and highly ordered structures can be decreased. This process improvement is attributed to enhanced chain mobility, reduced rod-rod interaction, and decreased rod-coil interaction from the additive. The novel method is based on kinetically facilitating thermodynamic equilibrium. The process requires no modification of polymer structure, indicating that a wide variety of desired polymer functionalities can be designed into BCPs for specific applications.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Chemical Affinity Probes: Methods Suitable for Preparation of Isopropyl [11,12-3H]Dodecylfluorophosphonate and [11,12-3H]Dodecanesulfonyl Fluoride (2003)

Abstract Preparations of isopropyl dodec-11-enylfluorophosphonate and dodec-11-enesulfonyl fluoride are described along with conditions for their reduction with hydrogen (or potentially tritium) gas to the 1-dodecane derivatives as candidate high-potency (IC50 0.5–7 nM) chemical affinity probes for the mouse brain cannabinoid CB1 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase.
STUDIES ON PLANT GROWTH‐REGULATING SUBSTANCES (1955)

Fifteen series of aryloxyacetic, α‐aryloxy‐propionic, ‐butyric and ‐isobutyric acids and the corresponding arylthio‐analogues have been synthesized and their growth‐regulating activity has been assessed in the tomato‐leaf epinasty, wheat cylinder and the pea curvature tests. It is shown that in general arylthio‐derivatives are less active than their aryloxy‐analogues. Although for a cell elongation response the presence in the molecule of an a‐hydrogen atom is usually necessary, three exceptions to this generalization have now been found. A lower activity in the 3:5‐dichloro‐ compared with the 2:6‐dichloro‐compounds has been demonstrated. Evidence is presented to show that an ortho hydrogen atom in the nucleus is not an essential requirement for cell elongating activity as is postulated by other workers.
Reducing cost of energy in the offshore wind energy industry (2016)

Purpose To support ongoing industry efforts to reduce the cost of energy (CoE) of offshore wind compared to other types of energy sources, researchers are applying scientific models and thought processes to identify potential areas of improvement and optimization. This paper aims to introduce a conceptual framework from a supply chain management (SCM) perspective, aimed at promoting the reduction of CoE in the offshore wind energy industry. Design/methodology/approach Using conceptual arguments from current academic literature in SCM, a comprehensive framework is presented that clarifies how SCM practices can be used by offshore wind energy industry to reduce CoE. Findings The offshore wind energy sector is a young industry that must reduce CoE to compete with other forms of energy. Applying a supply chain perspective in the offshore wind industry has hitherto been limited to the academic community. This paper offers a SCM framework that includes three interdependent aspects of reducing CoE – innovation, industrialization and supplier partnering – to guide the industry towards sources to reduce CoE. Research limitations/implications SCM is a broad research area; thus, the presented framework to reduce the CoE is open for further development. Practical implications The paper provides insights into how the CoE can be reduced through innovation, industrialization and partnering in the offshore wind energy supply chain. Originality/value The paper offers a seminal contribution by introducing a SCM framework to understand sources and approaches to reduce CoE in the offshore wind energy industry.
Thermal Decomposition of Aircraft Fuel (1986)

A test program has been conducted to determine the thermal stability and heat transfer characteristics of JP-5 and several other kerosene-type fuels which vary in composition and tendency to form deposits. Tests were conducted in small-diameter, resistively heated tubes at typical aircraft engine operating conditions. A detailed mapping of the thermal decomposition characteristics of JP-5 was performed to evaluate the importance of key environmental factors—such as temperature, pressure, flowrate, and test duration—and to establish a data base for estimating the relative performance of new fuels. Tests were conducted over the temperature range 425 to 870 K for durations up to 32 hr. Fuel deposition rates varied among fuels, and the relationship between the “breakpoint temperature” (determined according to ASTM D3241) and the rate of fuel deposition was investigated.
Effects of a Third Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Eutectic Sn-Bi Solder (2009)

The effects of a third element, namely silver, copper, zinc, or antimony, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic tin-bismuth (Sn–Bi) solder were investigated. The investigation showed that, except for zinc, the addition of a trace amount of the third element improves the ductility of the Sn–Bi solder owing to the formation of a fine, homogeneous ternary eutectic microstructure. In particular, the antimony addition is the most effective in improving solder ductility. That is to say, the addition of 0.5 wt% antimony minimizes the grain size of the eutectic microstructure and increases the elongation up to about 40%. Moreover, an intermetallic compound, namely, SnSb, precipitated finely from the solid tin solution near the grain boundaries with bismuth. This fine precipitated intermetallic compound suppresses the coarsening of the eutectic structure and thus improves solder ductility.
Modeling accuracy of transcranial current stimulation: Static and quasi-static approximations errors (2021)

International audience
Sequenced Somatic Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Inside Nested Hydrogel Droplets (2020)

The efficient genesis of pluripotent cells or therapeutic cells for regenerative medicine involves several external manipulations and conditioning protocols, which drives down clinical applicability. Automated programming of the genesis by microscale physical forces and chronological biochemistry can increase clinical success. The design and fabrication of nested polysaccharide droplets (millimeter-sized) with cell sustaining properties of natural tissues and intrinsic properties for time and space evolution of cell transformation signals between somatic cells, pluripotent cells and differentiated therapeutic cells in a swift and efficient manner without the need for laborious external manipulation are reported. Cells transform between phenotypic states by having single and double nested droplets constituted with extracellular matrix proteins and reprogramming, and differentiation factors infused chronologically across the droplet space. The cell transformation into germ layer cells and bone cells is successfully tested in vitro and in vivo and promotes the formation of new bone tissues. Thus, nested droplets with BMP-2 loaded guests synthesize mineralized bone tissue plates along the length of a cranial non-union bone defect at 4 weeks. The advantages of sequenced somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation inside an individual hydrogel module without external manipulation, promoted by formulating tissue mimetic physical, mechanical, and chemical microenvironments are shown.