gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do the Zeros of Riemann's Zeta-Function Form a Random Sequence? (1997)

The aim of this note is to introduce the notion of random sequences of reals and to prove that the answer to the question in the title is negative, as anticipated by the informal discussion of Longpré and Kreinovich [15].
The Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

The clinical symptoms, imaging, and tests used in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Association between Activity and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Data-Mining Analysis (2021)

Reduction in activity links to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to regulate an activity. We aimed to investigate the association between reduction in activity and BDNF in patients with NAFLD using data-mining analysis. We enrolled 48 NAFLD patients. Patients were classified into reduced (<i>n</i> = 21) or normal activity groups (<i>n</i> = 27) based on the activity score of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Circulating BDNF levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Factors associated with reduced activity were analyzed using decision-tree and random forest analyses. A reduction in activity was seen in 43.8% of patients. Hemoglobin A1c and BDNF were identified as negative independent factors for reduced activity (hemoglobin A1c, OR 0.012, <i>p</i> = 0.012; BDNF, OR 0.041, <i>p</i> = 0.039). Decision-tree analysis showed that "BDNF levels ≥ 19.1 ng/mL" was the most important classifier for reduced activity. In random forest analysis, serum BDNF level was the highest-ranked variable for distinguishing between the reduced and normal activity groups (158 valuable importance). Reduced activity was commonly seen in patients with NAFLD. Data-mining analyses revealed that BNDF was the most important independent factor corresponding with the reduction in activity. BDNF may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Macroscopic Properties of Restacked, Redox‐Liquid Exfoliated Graphite and Graphite Mimics Produced in Bulk Quantities (2014)

The excellent properties exhibited by monolayer graphene have spurred the development of exfoliation techniques using bulk graphite to produce large quantities of pristine monolayer sheets. Development of simple chemistry to exfoliate and intercalate graphite and graphite mimics in large quantities is required for numerous applications. To determine the macroscopic behavior of restacked, exfoliated bulk materials, a systematic approach is presented using a simple, redox‐liquid sonication process along to obtain large quantities of 2D and 3D hexagonally layered graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, which are subsequently characterized to observe chemical and structural changes. For MoS 2 sonicated with the antioxidant sodium bisulfite, results from Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy indicate the presence of distorted phases from different polymorphs, and apparent nanotube structures in the bulk, restacked powder. Furthermore, using thermograviemtric analysis, the antioxidant enhances the resistance to oxidative degradation of MoS 2 , upon thermal treatment up to 900 °C. The addition of the ionic antioxidant decreased dispersion stability in non‐polar solvent, suggesting decreased compatibility with non‐polar systems. Using simple chemical methods, the ability to generate tailored multidimensional layered materials with unique macroscopic properties is critical for numerous applications, including electrical devices, reinforced polymer composites, lithium–ion capacitors, and chemical sensing.
High-resolution imaging with a tip-tilt Cassegrain secondary (1994)

A prototype adaptive secondary mirror has been developed on a 2.3-m telescope to stabilize rapid image motion caused by atmospheric turbulence. The instantaneous position of an image's centroid, or brightest speckle, is measured by a near-infrared camera system which enables the tip-tilt mirror to recenter the image. Correction is accomplished at closed-loop frequencies of </= 100 Hz on guide stars with K (2.2 microns) magnitudes </= 8. Image motion is reduced to < 0.1" rms, removing over 90% of low frequency (f</= 5 Hz) tilt powr, leaving </= 1 rad2 mean square wavefront tilt phase error. In seeing conditions where D/r0~4, long exposures in the H band (1.6 microns) exhibit a nearly diffraction-limited resolution of 0.19" FWHM (Strehl ratio ~0.14) - a factor of 4 improvement over uncorrected images. Reduction of the present static optical errors will improve the Strehl ratio another factor of 2, leading to ~70% of the maximum possible Strehl ratio.
A Water-Soluble Xe@cryptophane-111 Complex Exhibits Very High Thermodynamic Stability and a Peculiar 129Xe NMR Chemical Shift (2010)

The known xenon-binding (±)-cryptophane-111 (1) has been functionalized with six [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(II)](+) ([Cp*Ru](+)) moieties to give, in 89% yield, the first water-soluble cryptophane-111 derivative, namely [(Cp*Ru)(6)1]Cl(6) ([2]Cl(6)). [2]Cl(6) exhibits a very high affinity for xenon in water, with a binding constant of 2.9(2) × 10(4) M(-1) as measured by hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift of the aqueous Xe@[2](6+) species (308 ppm) resonates over 275 ppm downfield of the parent Xe@1 species in (CDCl(2))(2) and greatly broadens the practical (129)Xe NMR chemical shift range made available by xenon-binding molecular hosts. Single crystal structures of [2][CF(3)SO(3)](6)·xsolvent and 0.75H(2)O@1·2CHCl(3) reveal the ability of the cryptophane-111 core to adapt its conformation to guests.
Response to cardiac sympathetic activation in transgenic mice overexpressing beta 2-adrenergic receptor (1996)

Transgenic mice have been created with 200-fold overexpression of beta 2-adrenergic receptors specifically in the heart. Cardiac function was studied in these transgenic mice and their controls at baseline and during isoproterenol perfusion or sympathetic nerve stimulation. The model used was an in situ buffer-perfused, innervated heart, and the left ventricle maximal derivative of pressure over time (dP/dtmax) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Basal HR and dP/dtmax were 30-40% higher in hearts from transgenic mice than controls. Electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves (2, 4, and 8 Hz) or infusion of isoproterenol markedly increased HR and dP/dtmax in control hearts. Hearts from transgenic mice did not respond to isoproterenol. However, hearts from transgenic mice retained the HR response to nerve stimulation, and a small increase in dP/dtmax was also detected. Atenolol inhibited the response to nerve stimulation in control hearts but not that in hearts from transgenic mice. ICI-118551 inhibited the response in transgenic hearts. Basal HR and dP/dtmax were decreased by ICI-118551 only in transgenic hearts. Thus overexpression of cardiac beta 2-receptors modifies beta-adrenergic activity, but the responses to endogenous and exogenous adrenergic stimulation are affected differently.
Cross‐sectional area reference values for peripheral nerve ultrasound in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis—Part III: Cervical nerve roots and vagal nerve (2021)

We provide the first meta-analysis on CSA reference values for the cervical nerve roots and the vagal nerve, with no heterogeneity of reported CSA values at all nerve sites. Our data facilitate the goal of an international standardized evaluation protocol.
On the reduction of costs for robot controller synthesis (1994)

. The demand for smarter and more adaptive robots, mainly due to the increasing availability of sophisticated sensor systems for both manipulation and mobile robots and the recently emerging market for intelligent service systems, has a direct impact on the costs of robot programming. Especially the development of control software for industrial robots is becoming more and more expensive. This paper investigates the possibility of automatizing the cycle of designing and refining the control programs. In particular, two function approximators, Time Delay Neural Networks and Fuzzy Controllers, are evaluated showing that both can be induced from examples of control actions supplied by a good teacher. However, due to the difficulty of finding good training sets, pure approximation is not sufficient to solve the task in its generality. Since a human teacher performs not at all optimally in executing control actions and usually uses sensorial inputs that are not directly compatible with the ...
Enhancing tissue structures with iterative image reconstruction for digital breast tomosynthesis (2014)

We design an iterative image reconstruction (IIR) algorithm for enhancing tissue structure contrast. The algorithm takes advantage of a data fidelity term, which compares the derivative of the DBT projections with the derivative of the estimated projections. This derivative data fidelity is sensitive to the edges of tissue structure projections, and as a consequence minimizing the corresponding the data-error term brings out structure information in the reconstructed volumes. The method has the practical advantages that few iterations are required and that direct region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction is possible with the proposed derivative data fidelity term. Both of these advantages reduce the computational burden of the IIR algorithm and potentially make it feasible for clinical application. The algorithm is demonstrated on clinical DBT data.
A Control Engineering Approach to Real-Time and Network-Wide Traffic Signal Control (2006)

This paper first proposes a model of traffic signal control systems for avoiding traffic congestion in urban road networks. The model is constructed so that it is controllable, and disturbances of traffic flows can be taken into account. As a result, the proposed model is described as a linear system. Next, a robust control method is applied to the proposed model so as to achieve stability and performance. The proposed control method gives a control law for real-time and network-wide traffic signal systems. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A convenient synthesis of progesterone from stigmasterol (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Weakly attractive interactions between the tips of rodlike colloidal particles affect their liquid-crystal phase behavior due to a subtle interplay between enthalpy and entropy. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations on semiflexible, repulsive bead-spring chains where one of the two end beads attract each other. We calculate the phase diagram as a function of both the volume fraction of the chains and the strength of the attractive potential. We identify a large number of phases that include isotropic, nematic, smectic-A, smectic-B, and crystalline states. For tip attraction energies lower than the thermal energy, our results are qualitatively consistent with experimental findings: We find that an increase of the attraction strength shifts the nematic to smectic-A phase transition to lower volume fractions, with only minor effect on the stability of the other phases. For sufficiently strong tip attraction, the nematic phase disappears completely, in addition leading to the destabilization of the isotropic phase. In order to better understand the underlying physics of these phenomena, we also investigate the clustering of the particles at their attractive tips and the effective molecular field experienced by the particles in the smectic-A phase. Based on these results, we argue that the clustering of the tips only affects the phase stability if lamellar structures ("micelles") are formed. We find that an increase of the attraction strength increases the degree of order in the layered phases. Interestingly, we also find evidence for the existence of an antiferroelectric smectic-A phase transition induced by the interaction between the tips. A simple Maier-Saupe-McMillan model confirms our findings.&lt;/p&gt;
An acoustic SAW/CCD buffer memory device (1978)

A SAW piezoelectric delay line has been integrated with a silicon charge-coupled shift register device (CCD) across a 300-nm gap to produce a fast-in slow-out buffer memory. A prototype with an input bandwidth of 40 MHz centered around 107 MHz, an input signal duration time of 3.5 μs, and an output clock rate of 100 kHz has been fabricated and tested. The basic configuration of this SAW/CCD consists of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) delay line, in close proximity to an array of 300 sampling fingers connected to a 300-stage buried-channel CCD on a p-type silicon susbtrate. The output of the CCD retains both amplitude and phase of the input signal.
Hybrid RF / optical communication terminal with spherical primary optics for optical reception (2011)

Future deep space communications are likely to employ not only the existing RF uplink and downlink, but also a high capacity optical downlink. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is currently investigating the benefits of a ground based hybrid RF and deep space optical terminal based on limited modification of existing 34 meter antenna designs. The ideal design would include as large an optical aperture as technically practical and cost effective, cause minimal impact to RF performance, and remain cost effective even when compared to a separate optical terminal of comparable size. Numerous trades and architectures have been considered, including shared RF and optical apertures having aspheric optics and means to separate RF and optical signals, plus, partitioned apertures in which various zones of the primary are dedicated to optical reception. A design based on the latter is emphasized in this paper, employing spherical primary optics and a new version of a “clamshell” corrector that is optimized to fit within the limited space between the antenna sub-reflector and the existing apex structure that supports the sub-reflector. The mechanical design of the hybrid accommodates multiple spherical primary mirror panels in the central 11 meters of the antenna, and integrates the clamshell corrector and optical receiver modules with antenna hardware using existing attach points to the maximum extent practical. When an optical collection area is implemented on a new antenna, it is possible to design the antenna structure to accommodate the additional weight of optical mirrors providing an equivalent aperture of several meters diameter. The focus of our near term effort is to use optics with the 34 meter DSS-13 antenna at Goldstone to demonstrate spatial optical acquisition and tracking capability using an optical system that is temporarily integrated into the antenna.
Far-field sensor for adaptive antenna tuning (2014)

Tuning circuits are often used for electrically small antennas. However, the nearby environment can detune the matching calling for adaptive tuning. In this paper we present a new concept to adaptively tune matching circuits using a near-field probe that samples the instantaneous radiated power. For an electrically small VHF/UHF antenna, it is shown that a properly designed near-field probe is capable of sampling the radiated power up to 400 MHz. However, the presented design guidelines can be used to extend the frequency range of interest. Advantages over traditional |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | minimizing topologies include: (1) lower cost as only one power detector is required, (2) lower insertion loss in the antenna tuner as no directional couplers are used, and (3) flexibility in design degrees of freedom.
OS3 - 187 Differentiating Radionecrosis from Tumor Progression Using IVIM perfusion Fraction in Brain Metastases Treated with Radiosurgery (2016)

Radiation necrosis occurs in 5-25% of patients who undergo stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) uses MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to assess regional perfusion. We investigated the utility of IVIM to differentiate recurrent tumor from radionecrosis after SRS. Patients who had SRS and subsequent surgical resection of what was thought to be either tumor progression or necrosis were included. ROIs were contoured on the pre-operative post-Gd T1-weighted images and transferred to DWI images using automated co-registration. The perfusion fraction (f) was calculated using asymptotic fitting and the mean f (fmean), 90th percentile for f (f90), mean ADC (ADCmean) and 10th percentile for ADC (ADC10) were calculated. Pathology reports were used to identify the predominant feature (necrosis versus tumor). Nine patients with ten lesions were included. One lesion exhibited pure necrosis while the other nine were mixed; three were predominantly (&gt;75%) tumor, three predominantly necrosis, and three were equal parts of both. The perfusion fraction was significantly higher in cases with predominantly tumor compared to those with predominantly necrosis (fmean 0.10±0.01 vs 0.08±0.01, p=0.02 and f90 0.22±0.01 vs 0.14±0.02, p&lt;0.001). ADC did not differentiate tumor from necrosis (ADCmean 0.97±0.23 vs 1.02±0.36, p=0.8 and ADC10 0.53±0.29 vs 0.76±0.29, p=0.33). The IVIM perfusion fraction is useful in differentiating recurrent tumor from radionecrosis in brain metastases treated with SRS. This is the first study to evaluate IVIM against the gold standard (histopathology).
Inhibitory effect of TGF-β on expression of 230kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (2007)

230-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG1) is known as an autoantigen in bullous pemphigoid and is expressed exclusively in proliferating basal keratinocytes. TGFfJ is a growth factor that has pleiotropic effects on a wide range of target cells and induces differentiation of basal keratinocytes. Therefore. TGFfJ is postulated to inhibit BPAG1 expression. However. previous report conversely demonstrated an increase of BPAG1 expression by TGFfJ. In this study. to understand regulatory role of TGFfJ on BPAG1 functions. we examined the effect of TGFfJ on BPAG1 gene expression using cultured keratinocytes. This study showed that BPAG1 mRNA expression was inhibited by TGFfJ 1 in concentration higher than 1.0 ng/ml. Furthermore. incubation of the cells with TGFfJ 1 in the presence of cycloheximide demonstrated that newly synthesized protein was required for BPAG1 regulation. To understand the detailed mechanisms of BPAGI modulation by TGFfJ, we preformed transient transfection assay with a BPAGI promoter-CAT construct to know the detailed mechanisms of BPAG1 modulation by TGFfJ. The results revealed that calcium and IFNy inhibited BPAG1 expression at transcriptional level, but TGFfJ 1 is not responsible for that transcriptional inhibition, suggesting that TGFfJ may have differential molecular mechanism for down-regulation of BPAG 1 gene expression from the events induced by IFNy. Hirosaki Med. ]. 59: 7-14. 2007
Mechanical Characterization and Numerical Material Modeling of Polyurea (2018)

The mechanical behavior of four unique blends of polyurea materials has been investigated through a combined experimental and computational study. Mechanical characterization of each material was evaluated under both tensile and compressive loading at strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 100 strains per second (1/s). Planar blast wave experiments utilizing a 40 mm light gas gun were also conducted which imparted strain rates up to 104 strains per second (1/s). The material testing results showed that stress-strain response is a function of loading, strain level, and strain rate. These results were utilized to define a non-linear rubber material model in Ls-Dyna which was validated against the test data through a series of “block” type simulations for each material. Each material model was shown to replicate both the tensile and compressive behavior as well as the strain rate dependence. The material models were subsequently extended to the simulations of the blast wave experiments. The blast wave simulations were shown to accurately capture wave propagation resulting from a shock type pressure loading as well as the stress magnitudes of the transmitted waves after passing through the respective polyurea materials. The current study has resulted in the mechanical characterization of four polyurea materials under tensile/compressive loading at increasing strain rates, a suitably validated numerical material model, and suitable correlations between experimental and simulation results.
El Liber testamentorum ovetensis. Estudio lingüístico y edición (1995)

EL LIBER TESTAMENTORUM OUETENSIS, MANUSCRITO DEL S. XII DEBIDO AL IMPULSO DEL OBISPO D. PELAYO, HABIA SIDO ESTUDIADO HASTA AHORA DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA HISTORICO. EN ESTA TESIS SE ABORDA LA PERSPECTIVA LINGUISTICA Y FILOLOGIA. EMPLEANDO COMO TESTIGOS DE COMPARACION DOCUMENTOS ASTURLEONESES CONTEMPORANEOS AL CODICE, SE RECONOCEN LAS MODIFICACIONES IMPRESAS A LA LENGUA DE LOS TEXTOS COPIADOS EN EL MISMO. IGUALMENTE SE ESTUDIAN FILOLOGICAMENTE LAS POSIBLES ALTERACIONES DE LA REDACCION ORIGINAL DE LOS DOCUMENTOS. EL ANALISIS DE LA ESTRUCTURA Y FORMULARIO DE LOS TEXTOS DIPLOMATICOS PERMITE DESTACAR LA HOMOGENEIDAD IMPUESTA A LAS VERSIONES DEL LIBRO. ESTOS ESTUDIOS -NUCLEO DEL TRABAJO- SON ACOMPANADOS DE CAPITULOS DEDICADOS AL PROMOTOR DEL LIBRO, A SU OBRA, Y AL ANALISIS DE LA MATERIALIDAD DEL CARTULARIO. TAMBIEN SE OFRECEN TABLAS COMPARATIVAS ENTRE DOCUMENTOS DEL LIBER TESTAMENTORUM Y SUS FUENTES, Y UN REGISTRO LINGUISTICO EN QUE SE EXPONEN LOS FENOMENOS DE INTERES HALLADOS EN EL CODICE. EN LAS CONCLUSIONES SE DEFIENDE LA VINCULACION CON OTRAS OBRAS ATRIBUIDAS AL OBISPO PELAYO, SE CLASIFICAN LAS ALTERACIONES A QUE FUERON SOMETIDOS LOS TEXTOS AL SER COPIADOS, Y SE DAN ORIENTACIONES SOBRE LOS DIVERSOS PROCESOS DE CREACION DE LAS COPIAS, ASI COMO ACERCA DE LA PERSONALIDAD DEL REDACTOR. EL APARTADO SE CIERRA CON UNA ENUMERACION DE POSIBLES TRABAJOS FUTUROS. UN COMPLEMENTO BASICO DE ESTA TESIS ES LA EDICION DEL CODICE CON APARATOS CRITICO Y ERUDITO, PRECEDIDA DE CRITERIOS DE TRANSCRIPCION Y EDICION ADOPTADOS, Y SEGUIDA DE LOS INDICES ONOMASTICO Y TOPONIMICO.
Randomized multicenter Phase II trial of two different schedules of irinotecan combined with capecitabine as first‐line treatment in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (2004)

The capecitabine and irinotecan combination was a highly active first-line therapy in metastatic CRC. An acceptable safety profile was observed after dose reduction, particularly when irinotecan was administered on 1 day.
Research on the Prediction of Breath Period Signal Based on RFN Network of Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (2010)

A hybrid algorithm - RFN network of self-adaptive genetic algorithm was introduced, which combined the excellences of BP network, RFN network and genetic algorithm. The hybrid algorithm adopts the learning rule of RFN network and combines self-adaptive genetic algorithm and gradient descent method. The capability of prediction can be optimized using the hybrid algorithm and the shortcoming of the learning rule of RFN network was overcomed. At the same time, the problem that Global Optimal Solution always cann't be found only with genetic algorithm was solved. Simulation results show that hybrid algorithm can obtain better forecasting precision.