gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Output Regulation of Linear Multi-Agent Systems (2011)

In this technical note, we consider the cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems. The overall system consists of two groups of subsystems. While the first group of subsystems can access the exogenous signal, the second cannot. As a result, the problem cannot be solved by the decentralized approach. By devising a distributed observer, we can solve the problem by a dynamic full information distributed control scheme. The problem can also be viewed as a generalization of some results of the leader-following consensus problem of multi-agent systems.
Utilization of the Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Tumorigenicity in Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

Given the inherent difficulties in investigating the mechanisms of tumor progression in vivo, cell-based assays such as the soft agar colony formation assay (hereafter called soft agar assay), which measures the ability of cells to proliferate in semi-solid matrices, remain a hallmark of cancer research. A key advantage of this technique over conventional 2D monolayer or 3D spheroid cell culture assays is the close mimicry of the 3D cellular environment to that seen in vivo. Importantly, the soft agar assay also provides an ideal tool to rigorously test the effects of novel compounds or treatment conditions on cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, this assay enables the quantitative assessment of cell transformation potential within the context of genetic perturbations. We recently identified peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) as a potential breast cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Here we highlight the utility of the soft agar assay for preclinical anti-cancer studies by testing the effects of the PADI inhibitor, BB-Cl-amidine (BB-CLA), on the tumorigenicity of human ductal carcinoma in situ (MCF10DCIS) cells.
Measuring UV‐absorbing organics: a standard method (1995)

Under the Information Collection Rule, water utilities across the United States will gather data on UV‐absorbing organics in an attempt to correlate this parameter with the occurrence of disinfection by‐products precursors. The method described here was prepared by the Joint Task Group for Method 5910. It will be included in the nineteenth edition of Standards Methods but is being published now so that it will be available for use with the Information Collection Rule. The method is intended to indicate the aggregate concentration of UV‐absorbing organics, which may possibly be correlated with precursors of disinfection by‐products. Details of the experimental method, results and discussion, and quality control are included, as well as a description of the principle of the method and interferences. Interlaboratory precision data are shown.
Comparison of Strategies for Accurate Reproduction of a Target Signal with Compact Arrays of Loudspeakers for the Generation of Zones of Private Sound and Silence (2016)

Compact loudspeaker arrays driven with input signals designed with the PMM can be used for the reproduction of a target signal in a given control area. This technology may be used for the generation of zones of private sound and zones of silence. In this work, we compare two strategies for the accurate reproduction of a target signal defined with large amplitude variations between the so-called acoustically bright and dark zones. More specifically, we compare the WPMM and a formulation of the PMM with a constraint on the accuracy of the target signal reproduction. Results of simulations and experiments with a linear array prototype show that input signals designed with the WPMM provide better trade-offs between accuracy of the target field reproduction in the so-called bright zone and directivity performance than the other strategy considered.
Effect of Different Coating Materials on The Characteristics Of Chlorophyll Microcapsules fromCaulerpa racemosa (2018)

The sea grape (Caulerpa racemosa) has a chlorophyll pigment that can be extracted using a non-polar solvent. Chlorophyll as a natural dye has unstable characteristics of temperature, pH, and light. Microencapsulation by the freeze-drying method can be used to protect chlorophyll from degradation caused by external influences where the type of coating material can affect the characteristics of the chlorophyll microcapsules. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of chlorophyll microcapsules with various types of coating material. Chlorophyll was microencapsulated using maltodextrin (CM), maltodextrin-alginate (CMA), and maltodextrin-fish gelatin (CMG). Chlorophyll encapsulated with maltodextrin-alginate resulting in the highest yield. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the presence of following functional groups in chlorophyll microcapsules viz., inter- and intra-molecular bonded alcohol OH, C = N stretching imine/oxime or C = O stretching conjugated ketone or alkenes, OH phenol, and CN stretching amine. CM had a particle size between 9,061 – 469.9 nm, CMA between 9,707 – 363.5 nm, and CMG between 11.49 – 433.2 nm. Based on the observation of morphology by using SEM, it showed that the all of the chlorophyll microcapsules were in the form of flake shape and porous. CM and CMA looked more fragile than CMG it can be seen from the cracks in some parts of CM and CMA. Therefore, CMG release time was longer than CM and CMA.
Serum Immunoglobulin E and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (2014)

Abstract Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that self-reported allergies are associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to prospectively assess the relationship between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), a marker of allergy, and risk. This nested case–control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) included subjects enrolled in 1994 to 2001 and followed through 2010. There were 283 cases of pancreatic cancer and 544 controls matched on age, gender, race, and calendar date of blood draw. Using the ImmunoCAP system, we measured total IgE (normal, borderline, elevated), IgE to respiratory allergens, and IgE to food allergens (negative or positive) in serum collected at baseline. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We assessed interactions with age, gender, smoking, body mass index, and time between randomization and case diagnosis. Overall, there was no association between the IgE measures and risk. We found a statistically significant interaction by baseline age: in those aged ≥65 years, elevated risks were observed for borderline total IgE (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.88–2.32) and elevated total IgE (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16–3.37) and positive IgE to food allergens (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.29–6.20); among participants &amp;lt;65 years, ORs were &amp;lt;1. Other interactions were not statistically significant. The reduced risk of pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported allergies is not reflected in serum IgE. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1414–20. ©2014 AACR.
Diffuse reflectance from a finite blood medium: applications to the modeling of fiber optic catheters (1976)

The scattering and absorption of light by randomly oriented, discretely scattering, red blood cells imbedded in a homogeneous plasma medium can be described by the P1 approximation to the one-speed transport equation, where the cells have the dual role of anisotropic sources for first scattering events and of scattering and absorption sites for subsequent scattering events. Equations for diffuse reflectance defined for a finite size receiver in the plane of a normally incident cylindrical photon beam are derived and compared with experimental data to fundamentally justify the basic sending-receiving characteristics of a fiber optic catheter model. A model of the fiber optic catheter used for the spectrophotometric measurement of oxygen content in blood is developed from the theory and compared with experimental results to further substantiate the theoretical approach.
In vivo quantification of placental hemodynamics with diffuse optical spectroscopy (2021)

Currently, no bedside tool measures placental hemoglobin properties. Thus, we developed a hybrid optical/ultrasound (US) system to measure and study placental oxygen dynamics noninvasively. The system combines a Frequency-Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (FD-DOS) instrument that is capable of probing tissue as deep as 5 cm below the surface, with a commercial US device to provide synchronized tissue morphological information. Multi-layer models of photon diffusion are then utilized to reconstruct placental hemoglobin properties from FD-DOS data with morphological constraints from US. Phantom experiments, simulations, and studies in human subjects demonstrate that this instrument quantifies in vivo placental hemodynamics non-invasively.
Formation of Highly Ordered Spherical Aggregates from Drying Microdroplets of Colloidal Suspension (2015)

The formation of highly ordered spherical aggregates of silica nanoparticles by the evaporation of single droplets of an aqueous colloidal suspension levitated (confined) in the electrodynamic quadrupole trap is reported. The transient and final structures formed during droplet evaporation have been deposited on a silicon substrate and then studied with SEM. Various successive stages of the evaporation-driven aggregation of nanoparticles have been identified: formation of the surface layer of nanoparticles, formation of the highly ordered spherical structure, collapse of the spherical surface layer leading to the formation of densely packed spherical aggregates, and rearrangement of the aggregate into the final structure of a stable 3D quasi-crystal. The evaporation-driven aggregation of submicrometer particles in spherical symmetry leads to sizes and morphologies of the transient and final structures significantly different than in the case of aggregation on a substrate. The numerical model presented in the article allows us to predict and visualize the observed aggregation stages and their dynamics and the final aggregates observed with SEM.
Codelivery of resveratrol melatonin utilizing pH responsive sericin based nanocarriers inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cell line at the different pH (2023)

Protein-based nanocarriers have demonstrated good potential for cancer drug delivery. Silk sericin nano-particle is arguably one of the best in this field. In this study, we developed a surface charge reversal sericin-based nanocarrier to co-deliver resveratrol and melatonin (MR-SNC) to MCF-7 breast cancer cells as combination therapy. MR-SNC was fabricated with various sericin concentrations via flash-nanoprecipitation as a simple and reproducible method without complicated equipment. The nanoparticles were subsequently characterized for their size, charge, morphology and shape by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanocarriers chemical and conformational analysis were done by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) respectively. In vitro drug release was determined at different pH values (7.45, 6.5 and 6). The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were studies using breast cancer MCF-7 cells. MR-SNC fabricated with the lowest sericin concentration (0.1%), showed a desirable 127 nm size, with a net negative charge at physiological pH. Sericin structure was preserved entirely in the form of nano-particles. Among the three pH values we applied, the maximum in vitro drug release was at pH 6, 6.5, and 7.4, respectively. This pH dependency showed the charge reversal property of our smart nanocarrier via changing the surface charge from negative to positive in mildly acidic pH, destructing the electrostatic interactions between sericin surface amino acids. Cell viability studies demonstrated the significant toxicity of MR-SNC in MCF-7 cells at all pH values after 48 h, suggesting a synergistic effect of combination therapy with the two antioxidants. The efficient cellular uptake of MR-SNC, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation was found at pH 6. Nutshell, our result indicated proficient release of the entrapped drug combination from MR-SNC in an acidic environment leading to cell apoptosis. This work introduces a smart pH-responsive nano-platform for anti-breast cancer drug delivery.
Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life (2008)

We did not find transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to famine on birthweight nor on cardiovascular and metabolic disease rates. F1 famine exposure in utero was, however, associated with increased F2 neonatal adiposity and poor health in later life. Our findings may imply that the increase in chronic disease after famine exposure in utero is not limited to the F1 generation but persists in the F2 generation.
Dynamic considerations of power system coupling through dual-wound generators (2017)

Several technical power system architectures are being evaluated for the Navy's next generation all-electric warship. One concept being considered includes a scheme to power both port and starboard busses from a single generator with dual-windings. This approach offers redundancy and reduces the effects of prime mover light loading, but it inherently couples the two busses through the common generator. In this work, dynamic issues of galvanic and electro-mechanical coupling of power systems through a single dual-wound generator are discussed. Previous works focused on harmonics and galvanic coupling. Herein, focus is placed on average-value modeling of the galvanic coupling and on evaluation for fault response. Conclusions are presented from analysis, simulation, and experimental results.
Etude du mécanisme des polymérisations amorcées par les métaux alcalino‐terreux. II. Etude de la copolymérisation du styrène et du méthacrylate de méthyle (1972)

Abstract Dans cet article nous présentons différents résultats qui concernent la copolymérisation du styrène et du méthacrylate de méthyle amorcée par le calcium, le strontium et le baryum en milieu polaire et non polaire. Nous avons déterminé la composition des produits formés en fonction de la composition initiale des monomères et du taux de conversion. En milieu polaire le copolymère formé au début de la copolymérisation est riche en styrène. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en évidence la formation de copolymères séquencés dont l'une des séquences est constituée par du polyméthacrylate de méthyle et l'autre par un enchaǐnement statistique de styrène et de méthacrylate de méthyle. Les séquences de polyméthacrylate de méthyle présentent un nombre de triades isotactiques plus élevé qu'un homopolymère préparé dans les měmes conditions expérimentales. Ces résultats permettent de conclure à l'existence simultanée d'un mécanisme de type anionique et d'un mécanisme de type radicalaire lors de la polymérisation du méthacrylate de méthyle et de sa copolymérisation avec le styrène en présence des métaux alcalino‐terreux.
Synthesis of furo[2,3‐b]pyridine (1971)

Abstract Two routes were employed to synthesize unsubstituted furo[2,3‐ b ]pyridine (IV). The first method started with ethyl 5‐aminofuro[2,3‐ b ] pyridine‐2‐carboxylate (1) and involved successive deamination, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation. The second method began with 5‐nitrofuro[2,3‐ b ]‐pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (V) and consisted of successive decarboxylation, reduction, and deamination reactions.
Performance Analysis of a Centrifugal Compressor Based on Circumferential Flow Distortion Induced by Volute (2018)

A volute is one of the key components in a centrifugal compressor. The aerodynamic stability of the compressor deteriorates remarkably when a volute is employed. This paper investigates the influence of volute-induced circumferential flow distortion on aerodynamic stability of a centrifugal compressor via experimentally validated three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation method. First, the compressor performance is analyzed based on a newly developed stability parameter. The impeller is confirmed to be the main contributor to the instability of the investigated compressor. Next, the influence of volute on impeller performance is studied by circumferentially distorted boundary conditions at the impeller exit which are extracted from flow field at the volute inlet. Results show that the performance of an impeller passage is determined by not only the back pressure but also the local gradient of pressure distribution in the circumferential direction. Moreover, these passages confronted with pressure reduction in the rotational direction are most unstable, while those confronted with pressure rise have better performance. Consequently, the circumferentially distorted distribution at impeller exit results in a loop of passage performance encapsulating the performance of uniform case. The size of the loop is enhanced by the distortion amplitude. Moreover, the influence of volute-induced distortion on the impeller performance is concluded into two main reasons: the imbalance of the force on flow and the imbalance of tip clearance flow taken by passages. The force imbalance influences the accumulation of secondary flow, while the imbalance of the tip clearance flow results in discrepancies of the low momentum flow in passages.
Kalman filter-based estimation of short-time fourier coefficients in energy applications (2004)

The paper presents analytical and experimental results on model-based linear estimation of short-time Fourier coefficients (or dynamic phasors) in energy processing systems. The procedure is based on the Kalman filter, and shares its features regarding the suppression of measurement noise. The procedure is illustrated experimentally on examples involving a single-phase inductor.
Sulfoacetate Is Degraded via a Novel Pathway Involving Sulfoacetyl-CoA and Sulfoacetaldehyde in Cupriavidus necator H16 (2010)

Bacterial degradation of sulfoacetate, a widespread natural product, proceeds via sulfoacetaldehyde and requires a considerable initial energy input. Whereas the fate of sulfoacetaldehyde in Cupriavidus necator (Ralstonia eutropha) H16 is known, the pathway from sulfoacetate to sulfoacetaldehyde is not. The genome sequence of the organism enabled us to hypothesize that the inducible pathway, which initiates sau (sulfoacetate utilization), involved a four-gene cluster (sauRSTU; H16_A2746 to H16_A2749). The sauR gene, divergently orientated to the other three genes, probably encodes the transcriptional regulator of the presumed sauSTU operon, which is subject to inducible transcription. SauU was tentatively identified as a transporter of the major facilitator superfamily, and SauT was deduced to be a sulfoacetate-CoA ligase. SauT was a labile protein, but it could be separated and shown to generate AMP and an unknown, labile CoA-derivative from sulfoacetate, CoA, and ATP. This unknown compound, analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, had a relative molecular mass of 889.7, which identified it as protonated sulfoacetyl-CoA (calculated 889.6). SauS was deduced to be sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating). The enzyme was purified 175-fold to homogeneity and characterized. Peptide mass fingerprinting confirmed the sauS locus (H16_A2747). SauS converted sulfoacetyl-CoA and NADPH to sulfoacetaldehyde, CoA, and NADP(+), thus confirming the hypothesis.
Assessment of whole gut and regional gastrointestinal transit times using a wireless motility capsule (SmartPill®) in healthy adults (637.14) (2014)

Some probiotics are hypothesized to modulate gut health, including GI transit time. In this ongoing study we are evaluating the efficacy of the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 (B. lactis) delivered in a yogurt smoothie or a supplement (tablet), on gut transit time (GTT), immune status, and metabolic parameters. Participants include 31 healthy adults aged 18‐40 yrs (BMI: 20‐35 kg/m2). Whole gut transit time (WGTT) at baseline was determined via two methods: blue dye diluted in 6 oz of water and the SmartPill®. Unlike blue dye assessment, regional transit times, such as gastric emptying time (GET), small bowel transit time (SBTT) and colonic transit time (CTT), can be measured by the SmartPill®. Participants’ perception of constipation was assessed by the ROME III questionnaire. WGTT measured by SmartPill® correlated with GTT measured by blue dye (ρ = 0.67, P &lt; 0.001). SmartPill® WGTT was significantly correlated with GET and CTT (ρ = 0.396, P = 0.03 and ρ = 0.994, P &lt; 0.001, respectively), but not with SBTT (ρ = 0.08, P = 0.675). Interestingly, WGTT was not correlated with participants perceived level of constipation (ρ = ‐0.218, P = 0.247). No significant relationships between GTT and metabolic parameters were found at baseline. SmartPill® technology enables assessment of regional and WGTT, which will permit evaluation of the effect of a B.lactis on both whole gut and regional GI transit times. Grant Funding Source : Dairy Research Institute
In-Air Rangefinding With an AlN Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (2011)

An ultrasonic rangefinder has a working range of 30 to 450 mm and operates at a 375-Hz maximum sampling rate. The random noise increases with distance and equals 1.3 mm at the maximum range. The range measurement principle is based on pulse-echo time-of-flight measurement using a single transducer for transmit and receive. The transducer consists of a piezoelectric AlN membrane with 400-μm diameter, which was fabricated using a low-temperature process compatible with processed CMOS wafers. The performance of the system exceeds the performance of other micromechanical rangefinders.
Impact of User Collaboration on the Performance of Sensing-Based Opportunistic Spectrum Access (2006)

Spectrum scarcity is becoming a major issue for service providers interested in either deploying new services or enhancing the capacity for existing applications. On the other hand, recent measurements suggest that many portions of the licensed (primary) spectrum remain unused for significant periods of time. This has led the regulatory bodies to consider opening up under-utilized licensed frequency bands for opportunistic access by unlicensed (secondary) users. Among different options, sensing-based access incurs a very low infrastructure cost and is backward-compatible with the legacy primary systems. In this paper we investigate the effect of user collaboration on sensing- based secondary access in terms of critical parameters such as the spectrum utilization, the required signal-to-noise-ratio and the detection time. As suggested by our analysis and simulation results, collaboration may improve the opportunistic spectrum access significantly.