gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Required for the Survival of Cancer Cells (2000)

The major stress-inducible heat shock protein, Hsp70, is a chaperone protein abundantly and preferentially expressed in human tumors and tumor cell lines. Owing to the ability of Hsp70 to protect cells from a wide range of apoptotic and necrotic stimuli, it has been assumed that Hsp70 may confer survival advantage to tumor cells. To investigate this hypothesis in human tumor cell lines, we generated an adenovirus expressing antisense Hsp70 (Ad.asHsp70). The effective and specific depletion of Hsp70 by Ad.asHsp70 resulted in massive cell death of all tumorigenic cell lines tested (carcinomas of breast, colon, prostate and liver as well as glioblastoma). In spite of an effective depletion of Hsp70, Ad.asHsp70 had no effect on the survival or growth of fetal fibroblasts or non-tumorigenic epithelial cells of breast or prostate. Anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and CrmA as well as peptide-inhibitors of caspases, DEVD-CHO and zVAD-FMK, failed to rescue tumor cells from Ad.asHsp70-induced cell death. These results indicate that the high expression of Hsp70 is a prerequisite for the survival of human cancer cells of various origins and reveal Hsp70 as the only protein described so far whose expression is specifically needed for the survival of tumorigenic cells.
Give GWAS a Chance (2017)

From 2007 to 2015, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) resulted in the discovery of over 260 genetic loci associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (1,2). Although GWAS have validated “old culprits” (e.g., PPARG , KCNJ11 ), illuminated novel disease-causing biological pathways (e.g., the zinc transporter SLC30A8 ), and have led to quick translational medicine applications (e.g., hs-CRP as a diagnostic tool for HNF1A maturity-onset diabetes of the young) (3–5), some have questioned their utility (6,7). They argue GWAS are expensive and that GWAS-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explain only a fraction of the heritability for complex traits (6,7). They propose to focus instead on next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies or post-GWAS experiments (functional studies, animal models, clinical studies) (6,7). This debate has led to skepticism about the benefits of GWAS and hesitancy to fund additional GWAS. With the ever-decreasing costs in NGS technologies, we should seriously address the relevance of funding more GWAS. In this issue of Diabetes , Scott et al. (8) provide some elements of response to this important question.

The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 18 GWAS totalling 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects. They imputed 12.1 million SNPs using the multiethnic 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) reference panel. Twenty-nine SNPs showing promising associations ( P < 10−5) with T2D in the stage 1 GWAS were …
01 - Approche générique de la gestion de l’incertain dans les processus de fusion multisenseur (2005)

The uncertainty management in multisensor systems is considered in the federative framework of the theory of&#13;\nevidence. A basic operator, named extension, is elaborated. It provides a general formulation of the different operators&#13;\nthat constitute a complete and coherent processing of multiple uncertain observations, from their modeling up to the&#13;\nrequired decision making. This formulation allows to reason with believes individually expressed on heterogeneous&#13;\nframes of discernment, without using a common one. The particular conditions that lead to the traditional operators are&#13;\nspecified, and the implementation of the new generic operator is described. A few examples illustrate a suitable&#13;\nmanagement of uncertainty processing.
Enantioselective Addition of Organozinc Compounds (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Mechanism of Catalysis for Diorganozinc Addition to Carbonyl Compounds Enantioselective Addition of Organozincs to Carbonyl Compounds Enantioselective Addition of Diorganozincs to Imine Derivatives Asymmetric Amplification Asymmetric Autocatalysis in the Asymmetric Addition of Dialkylzincs to Aldehydes Conclusion Acknowledgment References
A Probabilistic Framework for Nonlinearities in Stochastic Neural Networks (2017)

We present a probabilistic framework for nonlinearities, based on doubly truncated Gaussian distributions. By setting the truncation points appropriately, we are able to generate various types of nonlinearities within a unified framework, including sigmoid, tanh and ReLU, the most commonly used nonlinearities in neural networks. The framework readily integrates into existing stochastic neural networks (with hidden units characterized as random variables), allowing one for the first time to learn the nonlinearities alongside model weights in these networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the performance improvements brought about by the proposed framework when integrated with the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), temporal RBM and the truncated Gaussian graphical model (TGGM).
A Scheme for Strain Energy Minimization. Application to the Cycloalkanes1 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Scheme for Strain Energy Minimization. Application to the Cycloalkanes1Kenneth B. WibergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 5, 1070–1078Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01083a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01083a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Context Modeling Based on Context Quantization With Application in Wavelet Image Coding (2004)

Context modeling is widely used in image coding to improve the compression performance. However, with no special treatment, the expected compression gain will be cancelled by the model cost introduced by high order context models. Context quantization is an efficient method to deal with this problem. In this paper, we analyze the general context quantization problem in detail and show that context quantization is similar to a common vector quantization problem. If a suitable distortion measure is defined, the optimal context quantizer can be designed by a Lloyd style iterative algorithm. This context quantization strategy is applied to an embedded wavelet coding scheme in which the significance map symbols and sign symbols are directly coded by arithmetic coding with context models designed by the proposed quantization algorithm. Good coding performance is achieved.
44. The action of sulphinates on 1 : 5-dichloro-2 : 4-dinitrobenzene (1937)

A. Livingston and J. D. Loudon, J. Chem. Soc., 1937, 246 DOI: 10.1039/JR9370000246
Using Decision Trees to Predict Forest Stand Height and Canopy Cover from LANDSAT and LIDAR Data. (2006)

The motivation for this study was to improve the consistency and accuracy, and increase the spatial resolution of some of the supporting information to the forest monitoring system in Slovenia by using data mining techniques. Specifically we aim to generate raster maps with 25 m horizontal resolution of forest stand height and canopy cover, for the Kras region of Slovenia. We used predictive models based on multi-temporal Landsat data and calibrated it with high resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The visual inspection by a forestry expert of the resulting maps showed that the generated maps corresponded to the actual forest cover in the Kras region, both in terms of forest stand height as well as canopy cover.
Search for compressed supersymmetry at the LHC in final states with one hadronic tau and one energetic jet (2019)

We present an experimental search of supersymmetry (SUSY) in compressed mass spectra scenarios with scalar taus ($\widetilde{\tau}$’s), using data from proton-proton (pp) collisions in the Large Hadron Collider, LHC, at CERN laboratory, at $\sqrt{}$ = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 and 2017. Compressed mass spectra scenarios, where the mass difference between the lightest neutralino ($\widetilde{X}$$_{1}^{0}$ and the $\widetilde{\tau}$ is small, have been proposed in several models in order to incorporate coannihilation as a mechanism to obtain a relic dark matter density consistent with that predicted by astronomy. The compressed mass region in SUSY is challenging to probe experimentally. We focus on a final state containing exactly one tau lepton, with low transverse momentum ($pT$), that has decayed hadronically ($\tau$$_{h}$), at least one initial state radiation jet (ISR) with high $pT$, and a large imbalance of missing transverse momentum ($p$$_{T}^{miss}$). An integrated luminosity of 77.2 fb$^{−1}$ of pp data was used for this analysis. The data was found to be in agreement with respect to the expected background. Therefore, upper limits on the production cross-section as function of $\widetilde{X}$$_{1}^{\pm}$ ($\widetilde{X}$$_{2}^{0}$) mass were set, excluding masses up to 290 GeV for a mass splitting of ∆$m$($\widetilde{X}$$_{1}^{0}$, $\widetilde{\tau}$) = 50 GeV. The limits set on this search, constitute the most stringent limits today for all $\widetilde{\tau}$ related searches.
The Impact of Litter Effects on Dose-Response Modeling in Teratology (1986)

The fitting of dose-response models to teratology data involving littermates in order to generate estimates of teratogenic risk is receiving increasing attention as a potential alternative to the "safety-factor" approach to risk estimation. In this paper, we utilize the beta-binomial distribution to introduce varying degrees of intralitter correlation, and, for purposes of illustration, consider a logistic dose-response model that describes the logit of risk as a straight-line function of ln(dose). The biases and (exact and asymptotic) variances of the maximum likelihood estimators of the intercept and slope are studied by simulation as a function of the intralitter correlation structure.
Hybrid deep learning and HOF for Anomaly Detection (2019)

Anomalies detection in video footage is a daunting task treated with many challenges in crowded scenes. In this paper, we propose an efficient method based on deep learning and handcrafted spatio-temporal feature extraction for anomaly detection using a pre-trained CNN (convolution neural network) and HOF (Histogram of Optical Flow) features. Abnormal motion is picked by relative thresholding. One-class SVM is trained with spatial features for robust classification of abnormal shapes. Moreover, a decision function is applied to correct the false alarms and the miss detections. Our method has a high performance in terms of speed and accuracy. It achieved anomaly detection with good efficiency in challenging datasets and reduced computational complexity compared to state-of-the-art methods.
DNA Toroids:  Stages in Condensation (1999)

The effects of polylysine (PLL) and PLL-asialoorosomucoid (AsOR) on DNA condensation have been analyzed by AFM. Different types of condensed DNA structures were observed, which show a sequence of conformational changes as circular plasmid DNA molecules condense progressively. The structures range from circular molecules with the length of the plasmid DNA to small toroids and short rods with approximately 1/6 to 1/8 the contour length of the uncondensed circular DNA. Single plasmid molecules of 6800 base pairs (bp) condense into single toroids of approximately 110 nm diameter, measured center-to-center. The results are consistent with a model for DNA condensation in which circular DNA molecules fold several times into progressively shorter rods. Structures intermediate between toroids and rods suggest that at least some toroids may form by the opening up of rods as proposed by Dunlap et al. [(1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3095]. Toroids and rods formed at lysine:nucleotide ratios of 5:1 and 6:1. This high lysine:nucleotide ratio is discussed in relation to entropic considerations and the overcharging of macroions. PLL-AsOR is much more effective than PLL alone for condensing DNA, because several PLL molecules are attached to a single AsOR molecule, resulting in an increased cation density.
Inhibition of T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Activity by Phosphorothioate and Chimeric Oligodeoxynucleotides (1994)

Whole and partially modified phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) were found to directly inhibit T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK) activity, while phosphodiester ODN showed no detectable inhibition. This inhibition was found to be length dependent, as demonstrated by a 28-mer phosphorothioate ODN with an IC50 of 12 nM, and an 8-mer phosphorothioate ODN with an IC50 of 27,000 nM. Inhibition depended on the number and type of modified internucleotide linkages: a 20-mer phosphorothioate ODN had an IC50 of 21 nM, while a chimeric ODN with seven phosphorothioate linkages and an identical sequence showed no inhibition. On the other hand, the same sequence as a chimeric phosphorodithioate ODN (with seven dithioate linkages) had an IC50 of 580 nM. Four different chimeric phosphorodithioate ODN showed markedly different potencies of inhibition, suggesting that inhibition of PNK activity can be sequence specific.
Numerical and experimental modeling of liquid metal thin film flows in a quasi-coplanar magentic field (1994)

Liquid metal film protection of plasma-facing surfaces in fusion reactors is proposed in an effort to counter the adverse effects of high heat and particle fluxes from the burning plasma. Concerns still exist about establishing the required flow in presence of strong magnetic fields and plasma momentum flux typical of a reactor environment. In this work, the flow behavior of the film is examined under such conditions. Analysis of MHD equations as they apply to liquid metal flows with a free surface in the fully-developed limit was undertaken. Solution yields data for velocity profiles and uniform film heights vs key design parameters (channel size, magnetic field magnitude/orientation, channel slope, wall conductivity). These results are compared to previous models to determine accuracy of simplifying assumptions, in particular Hartmann averaging of films along {rvec B}. Effect of a plasma momentum flux on the thin films is also analyzed. The plasma momentum is strong enough in the cases examined to seriously upset the film, especially for lighter elements like Li. Ga performed much better and its possible use is bolstered by calculations. In an experiment in the MeGA-loop MHD facility, coplanar, wide film flow was found to be little affected by the magnetic field due to the elongated nature of the film. Both MHD drag and partial laminarization are observed, supporting the fully- developed film model predictions of the onset of MHD drag and duct flow estimations for flow laminarization.
Gas-Phase Kinetics of Chlorosilylene Reactions. I. ClSiH + Me3SiH: Absolute Rate Measurements and Theoretical Calculations for Prototype Si−H Insertion Reactions (2009)

Time-resolved studies of chlorosilylene, ClSiH, generated by the 193 nm laser flash photolysis of 1-chloro-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reaction with trimethylsilane, Me(3)SiH, in the gas phase. The reaction was studied at total pressures up to 100 torr (with and without added SF(6)) over the temperature range 297-407 K. The rate constants were found to be pressure independent and gave the following Arrhenius equation: log(k/cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) = (-13.97 +/- 0.25) + (12.57 +/- 1.64) kJ mol(-1)/RT ln 10. The Arrhenius parameters are consistent with a mechanism involving an intermediate complex, whose rearrangement is the rate-determining step. Quantum chemical calculations of the potential energy surface for this reaction and also the reactions of ClSiH with SiH(4) and the other methylsilanes support this conclusion. Comparisons of both experiment and theory with the analogous Si-H insertion processes of SiH(2) and SiMe(2) show that the main factor causing the lower reactivity of ClSiH is the secondary energy barrier. The calculations also show the existence of a novel intramolecular H-atom exchange process in the complex of ClSiH with MeSiH(3).
Therapists’ Perspectives After Implementing a Robot into Autism Therapy (2021)

Socially assistive robots (SARs) are currently being developed to assist in the delivery of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapies to individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although SARs have demonstrated positive outcomes, minimal research has focused on investigating needs of the therapists that deliver treatments. Therapist perspectives are important as they will likely be the primary end-users of SARs. In this study, we investigated the perceptions and design requirements of ABA therapists towards SARs and the interfaces used to operate them. Therapists were interviewed after they independently designed, developed, and implemented their own robot-mediated interventions. Overall, therapists’ general perceptions towards integrating a SAR within their existing workflow was positive and they expected that children would benefit from ABA therapies delivered by a SAR. The therapists also provided insights on design requirements for utilizing SARs and their interfaces as well as potential clinical and future use cases for this technology.
Automotive 24 GHz pulse radar extended by a DQPSK communication channel (2007)

An increasing number of cars are equipped with radar sensors for different applications observing the car environment. In order to improve the reliability of a single sensor and to gain additional information e.g. by triangulation, data from different sensors can be combined. One step further is to exchange sensor data between neighbouring cars by a data link to continuously transmit vehicle safety relevant sensor information. For this purpose it is necessary to establish an intervehicle communication (IVC) link. This task can be realized by independent communications links. A different attractive approach would be to partially use the hardware and the frequency spectrum of the existing radar sensors. This was the impulse to extend a pulse radar at a center frequency of 24.125 GHz by a communication transceiver in the same frequency band. The communication band, which is small compared to the radar spectrum, is placed in a range with low radar power spectral density. The pulse radar principle was chosen, because it is most common and key components, respectively RF-Frontends, are already available. The principle also provides short measurement times and high dynamic range. In the following the basic concept of the built prototypes and the signal processing of the radar and transceiver on FPGAs are described. The suitability of the system concept is discussed based on measurements and simulations.
Design and Testing of FDM Manufactured Paraffin-ABS Hybrid Rocket Motors (2012)

This research investigates techniques for fabricating hybrid rocket fuel grains composed of porous Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene impregnated with paran wax. The ABS substrate provides mechanical support for the paran fuel material and serves as an additional fuel component. The embedded paran provides an enhanced regression rate while having no detrimental eect on the thermodynamic burn properties of the fuel grain. Fused Deposition Modeling manufacturing techniques are used to fabricate the ABS substrate that supports the paran fuel. Multiple fuel grains with various ABS-to-Paran mass ratios were fabricated and burned with nitrous oxide. Analytical predictions for end-to-end motor performance and fuel regression are compared against static test results. Baseline fuel grain regression calculations use an enthalpy balance energy analysis with the material and thermodynamic properties based on the mean paran/ABS mass fractions within the fuel grain. In support of these analytical comparisons, a novel method for propagating the fuel port burn surface was developed. In this modeling approach the fuel cross section grid is modeled as an image with white pixels representing the fuel and black pixels representing empty or burned grid cells. A suite of standard MATLAB image-processing techniques is used to regress the fuel grain geometry.
Same pathway, different gene: a second gene in the heme biosynthesis pathway causes inherited sideroblastic anemia (2009)

Mutations in the mitochondrial carrier family gene SLC25A38 cause nonsyndromic autosomal recessive congenital sideroblastic anemia Guernsey et al. (2009) Nature Genetics 41: 6
Installation of a Continuous Zinc Vapor Deposition Line (1986)

Description d'une nouvelle ligne de depot sous vide de zinc en phase vapeur: conception, performances
Polyploid tumour cells elicit paradiploid progeny through depolyploidizing divisions and regulated autophagic degradation (2011)

'Neosis' describes the process whereby p53 function-deficient tumour cells undergo self-renewal after genotoxic damage apparently via senescing ETCs (endopolyploid tumour cells). We previously reported that autophagic digestion and extrusion of DNA occurs in ETC and subsequently revealed that self-renewal transcription factors are also activated under these conditions. Here, we further studied this phenomenon in a range of cell lines after genotoxic damage induced by gamma irradiation, ETO (etoposide) or PXT (paclitaxel) treatment. These experiments revealed that chromatin degradation by autophagy was compatible with continuing mitotic activity in ETC. While the actively polyploidizing primary ETC produced early after genotoxic insult activated self-renewal factors throughout the polygenome, the secondary ETC restored after failed multipolar mitosis underwent subnuclei differentiation. As such, only a subset of subnuclei continued to express OCT4 and NANOG, while those lacking these factors stopped DNA replication and underwent degradation and elimination through autophagy. The surviving subnuclei sequestered nascent cytoplasm to form subcells, while being retained within the confines of the old ETC. Finally, the preformed paradiploid subcells became released from their linking chromosome bridges through autophagy and subsequently began cell divisions. These data show that 'neotic' ETC resulting from genotoxically damaged p53 function-deficient tumour cells develop through a heteronuclear system differentiating the polyploid genome into rejuvenated 'viable' subcells (which provide mitotically propagating paradiploid descendents) and subnuclei, which become degraded and eliminated by autophagy. The whole process reduces aneuploidy in descendants of ETC.
Capture effect in IEEE 802.11 basic service area under influence of Rayleigh fading and near/far effect (2003)

We analytically analyzed the influence of capture effect over theoretical throughput and delay of a traffic-saturated IEEE 802.11b BSS in infrastructure and ad-hoc configurations. The capture probabilities are derived in presence of the near/far effect and/or Rayleigh fading, i.e. with or without power control mechanisms. The peak aggregate throughput of the BSS operating in Basic access mode is sensitive to the capture, while its impact in RTS/CTS access mode can be disregarded. The frame delay is also insensitive to the capture effect.