gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Chloride in the Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia (2009)

In hospitalized patients primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and neoplasms account for more than 90% of all hypercalcemias. Measurements of parathyroid hormone, particularly when combined with dynamic tests using calcitonin and EDTA have a high specificity and sensitivity in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia but are time-consuming and costly for screening purposes. Most chemical autoanalyzers beside serum calcium also measure serum chloride, phosphate and albumin. In order to evaluate how these simple variables could differentiate between HPT and hypercalcemia due to malignant disorders, 110 measurements from HPT subjects and 111 measurements from cancer patients with hypercalcemia were used. Serum chloride was best among the simple variables to separate the two disorders and classified 84% of the hypercalcemic subjects correctly. When serum phosphatase and albumin were added giving the formula (serum chloride-84) x (albumin-15)/phosphate, only 3% of the cancer and 4% of the HPT subjects were misclassified when borderline values (400-500) were excluded (5% of the sample). In conclusion, while other more sensitive and expressive tests exist to establish the cause of hypercalcemia the above mentioned formula is a cheap and easy screening test for a preliminary diagnosis.
PEOT/PBT Guides Enhance Nerve Regeneration in Long Gap Defects (2016)

Development of new nerve guides is required for replacing autologous nerve grafts for the repair of long gap defects after nerve injury. A nerve guide comprised only of electrospun fibers able to bridge a critical (15 mm) nerve gap in a rat animal model is reported for the first time. The nerve conduits are made of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a biocompatible copolymer composed of alternating amorphous, hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate), and crystalline, hydrophobic poly(butylene terephthalate) segments. These guides show suitable mechanical properties, high porosity, and fibers aligned in the longitudinal axis of the guide. In vitro studies show that both neurites and Schwann cells exhibit growth alignment with PA fibers. In vivo studies reveal that, after rat sciatic nerve transection and repair with PEOT/PBT guides, axons grow occupying a larger area compared to silicone tubes. Moreover, after repair of limiting (10 mm) and critical (15 mm) nerve gaps, PEOT/PBT guides significantly increase the percentage of regenerated nerves, the number of regenerated myelinated axons, and improve motor, sensory, and autonomic reinnervation in both gaps. This nerve conduit design combines the properties of PEOT/PBT with electrospun structure, demonstrating that nerve regeneration through long gaps can be achieved through the design of instructive biomaterial constructs.
Improving PUF security with regression-based distiller (2013)

Silicon physical unclonable functions (PUF) utilize fabrication variation to extract information that will be unique for each chip. However, fabrication variation has a very strong spatial correlation and thus the PUF information will not be statistically random, which causes security threats to silicon PUF. We propose to decouple the unwanted systematic variation from the desired random variation through a regression-based distiller. In our experiments, we show that information generated by existing PUF schemes fail to pass NIST randomness test. However, our proposed method can provide statistically random PUF information and thus bolster the security characteristics of existing PUF schemes.
Distributed Implementation of Wide-Area Monitoring Algorithms for Power Systems Using a US-Wide ExoGENI-WAMS Testbed (2014)

In this paper we address the problem of implementing wide-area oscillation monitoring algorithms for large power system networks using distributed processing of Synchrophasor measurements. We consider two computational approaches, namely decentralized least squares (DLS) and its recursive implementation (RLS). Both algorithms are executed using multiple phasor data concentrators (PDC), deployed as virtual computing machines communicating over a fiber-optic communication network. Results are demonstrated using the US-Wide ExoGENI communication network connected to a PMU test bed at NC State University, and analyze the end-to-end computational and communication delays for both algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF ALICYCLIC ALPHA‐AMINO ACIDS PART 3, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3‐AMINO‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROCARBAZOLE‐3‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1974)

Abstract Das Cyclohexanon (I) liefert mit den Phenylhydrazinen (II) in siedender Essigsäure die Benzoyloxytetrahydrocarbazole (III), die mit Natriumhydroxid in wäßrigem Äthanol zu den Hydroxytetrahydrocarbazclen (IV) hydrolysiert werden.
A case of autopsy of extramammary Paget disease that presented renal failure due to renal artery infiltration. (1989)

58歳, 男性に生じた乳房外Paget病を報告した。初診の2年前より陰嚢部から陰茎根部にかけて軽度浸潤性の紅斑性局面を生じてきた。広範囲切除術を施行したが, 術後2年で左鼠径部に再発した。再切除目的で入院後, 腎不全となり消化管出血を来して死亡した。剖検では, 左鼠径部皮膚の他, 小骨盤腔, 後腹膜脂肪織, S状結腸, 膀胱, 前立腺, 腹部大動脈, 両側尿管, 腎動脈, 腎臓, 膵尾部, 左胸膜に小型のPaget細胞が浸潤していた。自験例では, 左鼠径部からリンパの流れに沿って鼠径靱帯を通り連続性に骨盤腔に浸潤したものと考えられた。
Annotating Images by Mining Image Search Results (2008)

Although it has been studied for years by the computer vision and machine learning communities, image annotation is still far from practical. In this paper, we propose a novel attempt at model-free image annotation, which is a data-driven approach that annotates images by mining their search results. Some 2.4 million images with their surrounding text are collected from a few photo forums to support this approach. The entire process is formulated in a divide-and-conquer framework where a query keyword is provided along with the uncaptioned image to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency. This is helpful when the collected data set is not dense everywhere. In this sense, our approach contains three steps: 1) the search process to discover visually and semantically similar search results, 2) the mining process to identify salient terms from textual descriptions of the search results, and 3) the annotation rejection process to filter out noisy terms yielded by Step 2. To ensure real-time annotation, two key techniques are leveraged-one is to map the high-dimensional image visual features into hash codes, the other is to implement it as a distributed system, of which the search and mining processes are provided as Web services. As a typical result, the entire process finishes in less than 1 second. Since no training data set is required, our approach enables annotating with unlimited vocabulary and is highly scalable and robust to outliers. Experimental results on both real Web images and a benchmark image data set show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. It is also worth noting that, although the entire approach is illustrated within the divide-and conquer framework, a query keyword is not crucial to our current implementation. We provide experimental results to prove this.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (invited). (2019)

Abstract not provided.
MoS2FULLERENE-LIKE NANOPARTICLES AND NANOTUBES USING GAS-PHASE REACTION WITHMoCl5 (2006)

Inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles of MoS 2 were synthesized using gas-phase reaction starting from MoCl 5 and H 2 S . The IF- MoS 2 nanoparticles are spherical and in some cases faceted with diameters in general ranging between 20 and 80 nm. The IF- MoS 2 nanoparticles have large hollow cores, filled in some cases with amorphous material. Various parameters have been investigated to understand the growth and formation of the IF- MoS 2 nanoparticles. The parameters that have been studied include flow rates of the various carrier gases, temperature at which the reaction was carried out, time of the reaction and heating of the precursor material. The best set of conditions wherein maximum yields of the IF- MoS 2 nanoparticles are obtained have been identified. Additionally, annealing the as-obtained samples or heating them in a mixture of H 2 along with H 2 S improves the crystallinity and reduces the amorphous material filling in the core. Apart from the fullerene-like nanoparticles under certain experimental conditions nanotubes of MoS 2 have also been obtained nonetheless in small yields.
Diagnostics based on continuous scanning LDV methods: numerical study (2018)

This paper presents a research work on diagnostics using continuous scanning laser methods. Structural Health Monitoring based on laser vibrometry can exploit the ability of a scanning laser to measure vibration responses remotely both regarding temporal and spatial resolution. Therefore, it can be a powerful<br/>approach for rapid damage detection of components presenting an unhealthy dynamic behaviour. The work is focused on numerical analysis of a cantilever beam which is subjected to damage of different severity levels. The severity will be measured regarding response phase shift for a fixed excitation frequency. The simulated nodal responses of the surface being scanned by a laser beam are selected and used for simulating the spectral responses obtained from CSLDV methods. The main objective of this work is to determine the structural integrity based on an indicator obtained by referencing the relative spectral sidebands between a pristine and damage condition.
Controlled Electrodissolution of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: A Platform Technology Towards the Surface‐Initiated Delivery of Drugs (2005)

Abstract A novel method for the electrochemical dissolution of polyelectrolyte multilayers from the surface of an electrode for applications in controlled drug delivery is reported. Biodegradable and biocompatible multilayer films based on poly( L ‐lysine) and heparin have been selected as a model system, and have been built on an indium tin oxide semiconductor substrate. The build‐up and dissolution processes of the multilayers is followed by electrochemical optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy. The formation and stability of the polyelectrolyte multilayers have been found to depend on the applied potential and the ionic strength of the buffer. The application of potentials above a threshold of 1.8 V induces dissolution, which follows single‐exponential kinetics, of the polyelectrolyte multilayer film. The rate of this process can be varied by an on–off profile of the potential, leading to the controlled release of heparin into the bulk. Atomic force microscopy investigations show that the electrodissolution of the polyelectrolyte multilayers is a local phenomenon that leads to the formation of nanoporous films.
Low-Cost and Fast Hydrogen Alarm System With Optical Readout Based on Suspended Palladium Film (2023)

A low-cost and high-efficiency hydrogen sensor can greatly promote the development of the hydrogen economy. It has been demonstrated that the light scattering induced by volume expansion of palladium (Pd) film during hydrogenation can enable fast and high-contrast optical hydrogen sensing. Here, we present an optical hydrogen alarm system based on light scattering on a Pd film during hydrogenation. Two fibers are used to connect the sensing chip with the LED and photodiode in the alarm system, which separates the explosive detection area from the electronics and thus avoids the potential risk of spark induced by electric current. The sensing chip consists of a Pd/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bilayer on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with a micropillar array on the surface. This forms a partially suspended Pd/PMMA bilayer, which can reduce the constraint from the substrate on Pd film and improve the response rate. We optimize the structural parameters of the sensing chip and reduce the response time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}_{{90}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to about 2.2 s with a high reflectance contrast of about 960% at 650-nm wavelength when exposed to 4% H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mixed with air. Such a large optical response can reduce the requirements of the detection equipment and save cost. Meanwhile, the sensor exhibits high recyclability and hydrogen selectivity in the air, which shows great potential for practical hydrogen alarm applications.
Background Pressure Effect on Thrust Efficiency of Low-Reynolds-Number Nozzles (2022)

Micronozzles have recently been used for micro-/nanosatellites to expand their role in space development. At low Reynolds numbers, there are inevitable degradations in nozzle performance because of the viscosity. Several studies have revealed and evaluated this phenomenon. Especially at Reynolds numbers under 1000, background pressure significantly affects nozzle performance even in underexpanded conditions, but few studies have investigated the effect of background pressure on nozzle performance by widely changing Reynolds numbers. In this study, we measured the pressure around the nozzle and the thrust while changing the background pressure from 0.007 to 4.1 Pa and the Reynolds number from 33 to 763. The discharge coefficient and the specific impulse efficiency were evaluated, and their correlation to the background pressure and the Reynolds number was obtained. The resulting pressure and nozzle performance suggested that the depletion of gas just after the nozzle exit is the main cause of the performance degradation of the micronozzle.
GADTs meet their match: pattern-matching warnings that account for GADTs, guards, and laziness (2015)

For ML and Haskell, accurate warnings when a function definition has redundant or missing patterns are mission critical. But today's compilers generate bogus warnings when the programmer uses guards (even simple ones), GADTs, pattern guards, or view patterns. We give the first algorithm that handles all these cases in a single, uniform framework, together with an implementation in GHC, and evidence of its utility in practice.
Observation of boron bound excitons in boron-implanted and annealed natural IIa diamonds (1997)

Cathodoluminescence at 77 K was used to study the optical properties of ion-implanted and annealed natural type IIa diamonds. The substrates were implanted at room temperature with C12+, B11+, P3+, and As75+ -ions with energies of up to 350 keV and doses of up to 13×1013cm−2. After annealing at 1200 °C, the cathodoluminescence spectra show a number of transitions which are induced by the radiation damage independent of the implanted ion species. Only in the BHe3implanted samples are there two transitions related to the implanted ion species: the 4.5 eV band and the boron bound exciton. The appearance of the bound exciton spectrum demonstrates the presence of isolated boron on substitutional lattice sites implying electrical acceptor activity. Our annealing studies indicate a minimum annealing temperature of 1000 ° for the activation of the implanted boron atoms onto the acceptor states.
Compact LTCC Balun With Bandpass Response Based on Marchand Balun (2016)

In this letter, we present a compact low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) balun with bandpass responses. It is designed based on a Marchand balun. The halfand quarterwavelength transmission lines in Marchand balun are utilized as resonators in this design. Three feeding lines, functioning as input and outputs, are coupled to the resonators. The 180° phase difference between two output ports is achieved due to the inherent out-of-phase characteristic at the two open ends of the half-wavelength resonator. The bandpass responses are enabled by only adding three coupling lines and thus compact size is obtained. The coupling matrix is utilized in the design for realizing the good filtering responses and the design guideline is presented. For demonstration, a LTCC balun filter centered at 5.5 GHz is implemented. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results validates the proposed idea. The core circuit size is only 2 mm × 1.7 mm × 1.6 mm or 0.089λg × 0.076λg × 0.071λg.
Sigma binding states in the brain; An emerging concept for multiple sites and their relevance for psychiatric disorders (1990)

An increasing amount of evidence suggests the existence of specific binding sites for psychotomimetic drugs from the opiate-benzomorphan and arylcyclohexylamine series. The sigma binding sites have preferential affinity for the dextrorotatory isomers of certain opiate benzomorphans, such as (+)SKF 10047, (+)cyclazocine and (+)pentazocine and also for some neuroleptics (e.g., haloperidol). The PCP receptor has preferential affinity for phencyclidine (PCP) analogs and other non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The physiological significance of the PCP receptor is associated with the blockade of the NMDA type of the glutamate receptor, implying a neuroprotective role of the PCP receptor. However, the significance of the sigma binding sites is less conspicuous. It is not only that drugs from distinct pharmacological classes display a certain degree of affinity for the "sigma/haloperidol" binding sites, but also that drugs which do not induce or block psychotomimetic activity, i.e., (+)3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl) piperidine [(+)3-PPP] and 1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG), display relatively high affinity for the sigma binding sites. The diversity of the compounds which are proposed to interact with the sigma receptors and the variety of the responses elicited by these drugs suggest the existence of sigma receptor subtypes. The finding that the type A of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, which are used in treatment of affective disorders, display high affinity for the sigma binding sites suggests their involvement in affective or schizoaffective disorders. Revealing the existence of sigma receptor subtypes may help to elucidate their association with various psychiatric disorders.
Surface Percolation for Soil Improvement by Biocementation UtilizingIn SituEnriched Indigenous Aerobic and Anaerobic Ureolytic Soil Microorganisms (2016)

The use of biocementation via microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) for improving the mechanical properties of weak soils in the laboratory has gained increased attention in recent years. This study proposes an approach for applying biocementation in situ, by combining the surface percolation of nutrients and cementation solution (urea/CaCl2) with in situ cultivation of indigenous soil urease positive microorganisms under non-sterile conditions. The enrichment of indigenous ureolytic soil bacteria was firstly tested in batch reactors. Using selective conditions (i.e., pH of 10 and urea concentrations of 0.17 M), highly active ureolytic microorganisms were enriched from four diverse soil samples under both oxygen-limited (anoxic) and oxygen-free (strictly anaerobic) conditions, providing final urease activities of more than 10 and 5 U/mL, respectively. The enrichment of indigenous ureolytic soil microorganisms was secondly tested in pure silica sand columns (300 and 1000 mm) for biocementation applications using the surface percolation approach. By applying the same selective conditions, the indigenous ureolytic soil microorganisms with high urease activity were also successfully enriched for both the fine and coarse sand columns. However, the in situ enriched urease activity was highly related to the dissolved oxygen of the percolated growth medium. The results showed that the in situ cultivated urease activity may produce non-clogging cementation over the entire 1000-mm columns, with unconfined compressive strength varying between 850–1560 kPa (for coarse sand) and 150–700 kPa (for fine sand), after 10 subsequent applications of cementation solution. The typically observed loss of ureolytic activity during the repeated application of the cementation solution was recovered by providing more growth medium under selective enrichment conditions, enabling the in situ enriched ureolytic microorganisms to increase in numbers and urease activity in such a way that continued cementation was possible.
Neutron multiplicity detector control circuitry and firmware (2023)

Neutron multiplicity detector control logic and firmware may control a neutron multiplicity detector such that higher count rates can be achieved by an order of magnitude of more over conventional control logic and firmware. Count rates of over 1,000,000 cps, and even over 1,500,000 cps, have been realized in some implementations.
Heterogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry. 3. Competitive adsorption of solvents during alkene hydrogenations (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry. 3. Competitive adsorption of solvents during alkene hydrogenationsRobert L. Augustine, Robert W. Warner, and Michael J. MelnickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 25, 4853–4856Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00199a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00199a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts