gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competitive Ability of Maize Pollen Grains Requires Paralogous Serine Threonine Protein Kinases STK1 and STK2 (2017)

<i>serine threonine kinase1</i> (<i>stk1</i>) and <i>serine threonine kinase2</i> (<i>stk2</i>) are closely related maize paralogous genes predicted to encode serine/threonine protein kinases. Pollen mutated in <i>stk1</i> or <i>stk2</i> competes poorly with normal pollen, pointing to a defect in pollen tube germination or growth. Both genes are expressed in pollen, but not in most other tissues. In germination media, STK1 and STK2 fluorescent fusion proteins localize to the plasma membrane of the vegetative cell. RNA-seq experiments identified 534 differentially expressed genes in <i>stk1</i> mutant pollen relative to wild type. Gene ontology (GO) molecular functional analysis uncovered several differentially expressed genes with putative ribosome initiation and elongation functions, suggesting that <i>stk1</i> might affect ribosome function. Of the two paralogs, <i>stk1</i> may play a more important role in pollen development than <i>stk2</i>, as <i>stk2</i> mutations have a smaller pollen transmission effect. However, <i>stk2</i> does act as an enhancer of <i>stk1</i> because the double mutant combination is only infrequently pollen-transmitted in double heterozygotes. We conclude that the <i>stk</i> paralogs play an essential role in pollen development.
Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5 with systemic lupus erythematosus and accompanying infections (2010)

KIR2DL5 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of SLE as well as an increased risk of infectious events overall in SLE patients. Our data suggest a further role of KIRs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and infection.
Diseño de infografías científicas en el aula a través de herramientas web 3.0 y recursos en abierto (2020)

El proyecto que se presenta pretende instruir a estudiantes y profesores en las competencias necesarias para el diseno y elaboracion de infografias cientificas de contenidos academicos, utilizando para ello herramientas de la web 3.0 disponibles en abierto. Exponer ideas cientificas mediante la elaboracion de infografias es una realidad que ha llegado ya a todos los hogares gracias a los medios de comunicacion: al exponer noticias en papel o en web, los redactores ya no recurren unicamente al texto con imagenes, sino que se valen de elementos infograficos explicativos que ayudan a que el publico comprenda mejor la noticia en su dimension mas tecnica. Aplicar la metodologia de realizacion de infografias cientificas a la practica docente en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (Historia del Arte, Historia Moderna, Educacion, Psicologia, Bellas Artes y Documentacion) se presenta no solo como una estrategia util para que los estudiantes sinteticen las claves de determinados temas, sino tambien como una herramienta interesante para dotar de competencias de difusion cientifica a los alumnos, facilitando asi su insercion laboral. Asimismo, esta proyecto ha facilitado la conformacion de un equipo innovador profundamente interdisciplinar (Historia, Historia del Arte, Psicologia, Tecnologias y Bellas Artes) e interinstitucional (UCM, UNED y URJC) con un enorme potencial de cara a futuras propuestas de innovacion docente.
Beam Forming of Leaky Waves at Fixed Frequency Using Binary Programmable Metasurface (2018)

We propose a complete procedure for synthesizing radiation patterns of leaky waves using binary programmable metasurface. As an example, a binary leaky-wave antenna (BLWA) is designed and fabricated using the fast procedure. By optimizing coding states of all radiation elements of the BLWA, beam forming is realized at a fixed frequency. Full-wave simulations and measurements of the proposed BLWA further prove the effectiveness and practicability of the design procedure. The presented method and BLWA may find many significant applications in novel communication and radar systems.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Refinery Wastewater over Alumina-Supported Mn and Cu Oxides Catalyst (2015)

An economical method was proposed to develop an efficient alumina-supported manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) oxides (Mn-Cu-O/Al2O3) catalyst with a high surface area, 184.06 cm2 g−1. The catalyst was utilized for degradation refinery wastewater by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation. The effects of various operating variables including pH, ozone and catalyst dosages, and temperature were systematically investigated in detail to obtain the optimized conditions for accelerated degradation of refinery wastewater. The optimum values were as follows: ozone dose 50.0 mg L−1, catalyst dose 3.0 g L−1, initial pH = 6.8, T = 17 °C. Refinery wastewater samples were analyzed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the results indicated that kinetics of COD followed a pseudo–first-order degradation. Moreover, hydroxyl radical mechanism rather than absorption was proposed, indicating that the surface hydroxyl groups were the active sites that played a significant role in catalytic ozonation.
(Pyridylcyanomethyl)piperazines as orally active PAF antagonists (1992)

A series of (pyridylcyanomethyl)piperazines was prepared and evaluated for PAF-antagonist activity. Compounds were tested in vitro in a PAF-induced platelet aggregation assay and in vivo in a PAF-induced hypotension test in normotensive rats. Oral activity was ascertained through a PAF-induced mortality test in mice. The main structure-activity trends of the series were established. Activity was mainly found in four skeletons: 1-acyl-4-(3-pyridylcyanomethyl)piperazine, 1-acyl-4-(4-pyridylcyanomethyl)piperazine, 1-acyl-4-(3-pyridylcyanomethyl)piperidine, and 1-acyl-4-cyano-4-(3-pyridylamino)piperidine. The acyl substituents, diphenylacetyl and 3,3-diphenylpropionyl, provided the most active compounds, and the introduction of an amine or hydroxy group in the 3,3-diphenylpropionyl substituent led to further improvement in oral activity. As a result, three of the most active compounds (100, 114, and 115) have been selected for further pharmacological development.
Aquablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in large prostates (80-150 cc): 2-year results. (2020)

Two-year prospective multicenter follow up demonstrated that the Aquablation procedure is safe and effective in the treatment of men with LUTS due to BPH and prostates 80-150 cc with durable treatment efficacy, acceptable safety profile and a low retreatment rate. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03123250.
Eclatement des bandes de gain parametrique dans une fibre a dispersion oscillante (2014)

Nous analysons numériquement le spectre d'instabilité modulationnelle dans une fibre à\ndispersion oscillante en fonction de l'amplitude des fluctuations de dispersion. Pour une\nforte oscillation de la dispersion, nous observons la division de la bande de gain en deux\nsous bandes.
Bone Turnover Mediates Preferential Localization of Prostate Cancer in the Skeleton (2005)

Bone metastasis is a common untreatable complication associated with prostate cancer. Metastatic cells seed in skeletal sites under active turnover containing dense marrow cellularity. We hypothesized that differences in these skeletal-specific processes are among the critical factors that facilitate the preferential localization of metastatic prostate cancer in bone. To test this, athymic mice were administered PTH to induce bone turnover and increase marrow cellularity daily 1 wk before and after intracardiac inoculation of luciferase-tagged PC-3 cells. Tumor localization was monitored by bioluminescence imaging weekly for 5 wk. At the time of tumor inoculation, PTH-treated mice demonstrated significant increases in serum levels of bone turnover markers such as osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts per millimeter of bone when compared with the other groups. Likewise, PTH treatment stimulated a qualitative increase in marrow cellular proliferation as determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunostaining. Skeletal metastases formed in the hind limb and craniofacial regions of young mice with no difference between groups. In adult mice, however, bioluminescent signals in the hind limb and craniofacial regions were 3-fold higher in PTH-treated mice vs. controls. Fluorochrome labeling revealed increased bone formation activity in trabecular bone adjacent to tumors. When zoledronic acid, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, was administered concurrently with PTH, a significant reduction in the incidence of bone tumors was observed. Overall, these studies provide new evidence that skeletal sites rich in marrow cellularity under active turnover offer a more congenial microenvironment to facilitate cancer localization in the skeleton.
A Recurrent Neural Network Model of Velocity Storage in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (1990)

A three-layered neural network model was used to explore the organization of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The dynamic model was trained using recurrent back-propagation to produce compensatory, long duration eye muscle motoneuron outputs in response to short duration vestibular afferent head velocity inputs. The network learned to produce this response prolongation, known as velocity storage, by developing complex, lateral inhibitory interactions among the interneurons. These had the low baseline, long time constant, rectified and skewed responses that are characteristic of real VOR interneurons. The model suggests that all of these features are interrelated and result from lateral inhibition.
Influence of Disorder on the Evolution of Interface Cracks in Unidirectional Composites (1997)

Article Influence of Disorder on the Evolution of Interface Cracks in Unidirectional Composites was published on September 1, 1997 in the journal Science and Engineering of Composite Materials (volume 6, issue 3).
Examination of the platinum effect on the oxidation behavior ofnickel-aluminide coatings (2007)

Oxidation resistant nickel-aluminide coatings are designed to develop a protective alumina scale during high temperature exposure. It is well established that platinum additions, typically about 6-8 at%, provide substantial improvements in oxidation resistance of such coatings, yet the nature of the platinum effect is still not fully understood. In this work, the oxidation behavior of two commercial NiAl and NiPtAl coatings deposited on the same Ni-base single crystal alloy CMSX-4 was analyzed. Cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at 1150 C in air. Microstructure development and alumina/coating interface chemistry were studied as a function of oxidation time. Numerous voids developed at the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/NiAl interface, and sulfur was found to segregate at the void surfaces and at the contact interface, leading to spallation of the scale over the convex areas along ridges on the coating surface. The presence of platinum prevented sulfur segregation and void formation at the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/NiPtAl interface. As a result, the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale on the NiPtAl coating remained adherent and virtually no spallation was observed even after prolonged cyclic oxidation.
Crystal nucleation in an electric field (1996)

Abstract Nucleation of polar and apolar crystals in an electrostatic field has been analyzed. The analysis is based on the extended nucleation theory which takes into account orientation of amorphous kinetic elements and the resulting crystals. In an electric field free energy of transformation is orientation‐dependent which leads to orientation and field effects in thermodynamic (critical crystallization temperature) and kinetic crystallization characteristics (thermal and athermal nucleation rates).
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 Mediates Tumor Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Fibrillar Collagen (2005)

During malignant invasion tumor cells establish contact with extracellular matrix proteins, including fibrillar collagen. In addition to providing a physical barrier against invasion, fibrillar collagen also restricts cell proliferation. It has been assumed that the growth regulatory activity of fibrillar collagen is the result of an indirect restrictive effect on cell spreading and cytoskeletal organization. Here we provide evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of fibrillar collagen on proliferation of human melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells that involves activation of the tyrosine kinase discoidin domain receptor 2 and is independent of effects on cell spreading. Cells plated in the presence of fibrillar collagen were growth arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. However treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, down-regulation of discoidin domain receptor 2, or collagen deglycosylation that prevents discoidin domain receptor 2 activation allowed cells to enter the cell cycle in the presence of fibrillar collagen without a requirement for spreading and actin organization. Our data provide evidence for a novel direct mechanism by which cell contact with fibrillar collagen restricts proliferation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Protonated Zirconium Trisilicate and Its Exchange Phases with Strontium (2008)

A partially protonated form of the mineral umbite has been prepared by ion exchange of K2ZrSi3O9 x H2O with acetic acid. The protonated phase, compound 1, is assigned the formula H1.45K0.55ZrSi3O9 x 2 H2O and crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 7.1002(2), b = 10.1163(3), c = 13.1742(5), and beta = 91.181(1) degrees. The characteristic building blocks of the acid phase are almost identical to those of the parent compound. The framework is composed of polymeric chains of trisilicate groups linked by zirconium atoms, resulting in zeolite-type channels. When viewed down the a axis, two unique ion-exchange channels can be seen. Site 1 is marked by a 12-membered ring and contains 2 cations. Site 2, a 16-membered ring, contains 4 water molecules. Compound 2, consists of a mixed Sr2+ and K+ phase synthesized from 1 by ion exchange with Sr(NO3)2. Compound 2 has the formula K0.34Sr0.83ZrSi3O9 x 1.8 H2O and crystallizes in the same space group P2(1)/c. It has cell dimensions of a = 7.1386(3), b = 10.2304(4), c = 13.1522(4), and beta = 90.222(1) degrees. The Sr2+ cations are distributed evenly among the two exchange sites, showing no preference for either cavity. Compound 3 is the fully substituted Sr phase, SrZrSi3O9 x 2 H2O, and retains the same space group as that of the previous two compounds having unit cell dimensions of a = 7.1425(5), b = 10.2108(8), c = 13.0693(6), and beta = 90.283(1) degrees. The strontium cations show a slight affinity for ion-exchange site 2, having a higher occupancy of 0.535, while site 1 is occupied by the remainder of the Sr2+ cations with an occupancy of 0.465. Batch uptake studies demonstrate a selectivity series among alkaline earth cations of Ba2+ > Sr2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+.
Phase Behavior and Flory−Huggins Interaction Parameter of Binary Polybutadiene Copolymer Mixtures with Different Vinyl Content and Molar Volume (2001)

Binary blends of statistical polybutadiene copolymers of different vinyl content were explored by small-angle neutron scattering. These samples represent the simplest class of statistical copolymer mixtures. In spite of this simplicity, strong changes of phase behavior were observed with varying vinyl content, molar volume, and deuteration; the temperatures of phase separation are found between −230 °C and more than 200 °C and phase separation can even reverse from an enthalpically driven one at low temperatures (UCST) to an entropically driven one at high temperatures (LCST). The experimentally determined entropic and enthalpic terms of the Flory−Huggins parameter are in excellent agreement with lattice cluster theory calculations by Dudowicz and Freed.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Recapitulating bone development through engineered mesenchymal condensations and mechanical cues for tissue regeneration. (2019)

Large bone defects cannot form a callus and exhibit high complication rates even with the best treatment strategies available. Tissue engineering approaches often use scaffolds designed to match the properties of mature bone. However, natural fracture healing is most efficient when it recapitulates development, forming bone via a cartilage intermediate (endochondral ossification). Because mechanical forces are critical for proper endochondral bone development and fracture repair, we hypothesized that recapitulating developmental mechanical forces would be essential for large bone defect regeneration in rats. Here, we engineered mesenchymal condensations that mimic the cellular organization and lineage progression of the early limb bud in response to local transforming growth factor-β1 presentation from incorporated gelatin microspheres. We then controlled mechanical loading in vivo by dynamically tuning fixator compliance. Mechanical loading enhanced mesenchymal condensation-induced endochondral bone formation in vivo, restoring functional bone properties when load initiation was delayed to week 4 after defect formation. Live cell transplantation produced zonal human cartilage and primary spongiosa mimetic of the native growth plate, whereas condensation devitalization before transplantation abrogated bone formation. Mechanical loading induced regeneration comparable to high-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery, but without heterotopic bone formation and with order-of-magnitude greater mechanosensitivity. In vitro, mechanical loading promoted chondrogenesis and up-regulated pericellular matrix deposition and angiogenic gene expression. In vivo, mechanical loading regulated cartilage formation and neovascular invasion, dependent on load timing. This study establishes mechanical cues as key regulators of endochondral bone defect regeneration and provides a paradigm for recapitulating developmental programs for tissue engineering.Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. PMID: 31167930
Stem Cell Patents: European Patent Law and Ethics (2006)

The book deals with stem cell patents from the legal (European
patent law) and ethical perspective.
Specification-driven test generation for analog circuits (2000)

In this paper, a new methodology for generating transient tests to detect faults in analog circuits is presented. Relationship between circuit functionalities and physical failures is exploited to derive these tests. These fast transient tests can be used for implicitly verifying the circuit specifications. A fast fault simulation algorithm for linear analog circuits based on state-space representation and adjoint network method is also presented. This fault simulation algorithm is used for generating transient test for linear analog circuits. For nonlinear circuits, an existing circuit simulator is used for test generation. The generated tests are evaluated and found to give low misclassification rates for a large class of analog circuits.
Clinical Outcomes According to Qrs Duration and Morphology in the Irbesartan in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function (I-PRESERVE) Trial (2016)

We found that both prolongation of QRS duration and abnormal QRS morphology were associated with a high risk of fatal and non-fatal adverse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Migration of polyethylene wear debris in hip arthroplasties: A canine model (1995)

The distal migration of polyethylene wear debris appears to be a major cause of loosening and osteolysis of cementless total hip arthroplasties. The use of modern cementing techniques, circumferential porous or hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has been advocated as a means of preventing access of the particles to the bone-implant interface. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of different methods of implant fixation to prevent wear debris migration. Three each of smooth, porous-coated, HA-coated, and cemented hemiarthroplasties were implanted in the right hip of 12 dogs. Polyethylene particles were injected into the hip once a month for 4 months and then the femurs were sectioned. The percentage bone ingrowth was 8% for the smooth, 38% for the porous, and 83% for the HA-coated sections. Infiltration of the interface membrane by histiocytes containing polyethylene particles, and endosteal scalloping or osteolysis were found on all sections of the smooth prostheses. No particles or osteolysis were found on any sections of the other three types of prostheses. Capsular and lymph node sections from all dogs revealed histiocytic infiltration with numerous polyethylene particles present. It is concluded that the use of cement, porous, or HA coating prevents or delays access of the polyethylene wear debris to the bone-implant interface. No one of these methods of fixation proved more advantageous in the 5-month limit of this study.
Quantum-chemical study of the reaction mechanism of polypeptide UDP-GalNAc transferase 2, a retaining glycosyltransferase (2012)

Glycosylation of cell surface proteins plays a crucial role in cell communication and recognition. Alterations in glycan structures are linked to many diseases with the most prominent example being cancer. To understand the regulation of glycosylation and to be able to modify it, reaction mechanisms of involved glycosyltransferases have to be known. However, reaction mechanism of the configuration-retaining group of glycosyltransferases hasn't been sufficiently explained yet. For this reason we have chosen a retaining glycosyltransferase – polypeptide UDP-GalNAc transferase (ppGalNAcT) – as the subject of our quantum-chemical study. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine moiety onto serine or threonine hydroxyls, forming the first bond of the so-called O-linked glycosylation pathway. Increased activity of ppGalNAcT has been found to enable metastasis of breast and colorectal cancer. We're studying human ppGalNAcT2 by a hybrid QM/MM approach using density functional theory for the important part of the active site. We have found that the commonly used Becke-Perdew functional completely fails to describe the shape of the potential energy surface, while the OPBE functional provides results in good agreement with state-of-the-art meta-hybrid functional M06-2X. Structures of reactant and product have been successfully obtained on the OPBE-D3/TZP level, enabling a 2D potential energy surface scan to locate the transition state candidates for final optimisation. Results suggest that the reaction proceeds via a one-step SNi mechanism, initiated by proton transfer from acceptor hydroxyl to donor phosphate. This conclusion agrees well with recent experimental evidence.