gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus diarrhea in Jewish and Bedouin children in the Negev region of Israel (1990)

We conducted a 1-year prospective study in the Negev region of southern Israel to determine the epidemiologic and clinical patterns of rotavirus diarrhea. A total of 605 patients were studied, 392 Bedouins and 213 Jews, 441 of whom had diarrhea (449 episodes) and 164 did not. Rotavirus was the most common organism detected in children with diarrhea (63 of 444; 14%) but was rarely found in controls (3 of 163; 2%) (P less than 0.001). In 22% (12 of 54) of the rotavirus-positive patients, at least one other organism was also detected. The rate of rotavirus detection decreased as age increased, from 18% in the first year to 8% in the third year of life. Hospitalization with rotavirus diarrhea occurred more frequently in the summer. However, during winter, when diarrhea was less prevalent in the community, the proportion of cases associated with rotavirus was higher. Compared with controls, malnourished children were more likely to be hospitalized. However, rotavirus was detected in similar proportions among well-nourished and malnourished cases with diarrhea. The most prevalent rotavirus serotype was type 1 (in 69%), followed by types 4 and 2 (18 and 13%, respectively). We estimated that during the study period, approximately 2% of all Bedouin infants vs. only 0.2% of Jewish infants were hospitalized with rotavirus disease in their first year of life. Clinical signs and symptoms and stool appearance were not useful in predicting rotavirus detection. Malnutrition seems to be an important indicator of disease severity, which may explain why the toll of rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality is particularly high among children in developing countries.
Abstract 16456: Loss of β-Arrestin 1-Mediated VEGFR3 Signaling Promotes the Development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2017)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by inflammatory and remodeling of pulmonary arterioles, leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Signaling through transmembrane receptors, such as the prostacyclin and type A endothelin receptors, is known to be important in the development of PAH and many of these receptors serve as drug targets. The multifunctional adapter proteins β-arrestin 1 (βarr1) and 2 (βarr2) regulate signaling by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other transmembrane receptors, although the physiological importance of this regulation in different disease states is unknown. Recently, we have found that βarr1 knockout (KO) mice develop worse PAH and RV dysfunction in response to hypoxia exposure. Surprisingly, we found that the major signaling abnormalities in the lungs of these mice was not associated with GPCR signaling, but with signaling through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3): there was a signifi...
Suspected mycotoxicosis in laying hens. (1985)

A flock of 15,000 leghorn-type hens experienced a 10% drop in egg production. Enlarged, blue combs and diarrhea were also present. Clinical signs, postmortem and histopathological lesions, and response to therapy were compatible with a diagnosis of mycotoxin intoxication. However, all feed samples submitted were negative for mycotoxins, so the diagnosis could not be confirmed.
Computational Approaches to Image Understanding (1982)

Recent theoretmal developments in Image Understandmg are surveyed. Among the issues discussed are edge finding, region finding, texture, shape from shading, shape from texture, shape from contour, and the representations of surfaces and objects. Much of the work described was developed in the DARPA Image Understanding project.
HIGH-SPEED PARALLEL VLSI ARCHITECTURES FOR IMAGE DECORRELATION (1995)

We present a new high speed parallel architecture and its VLSI implementation to design a special purpose hardware for real-time lossless image compression/ decompression using a decorrelation scheme. The proposed architecture can easily be implemented using state-of-the-art VLSI technology. The hardware yields a high compression rate. A prototype 1-micron VLSI chip based on this architectural idea has been designed. The scheme is favourably comparable to the lossless JPEG standard image compression schemes. We also discuss the parallelization issues of the lossless JPEG standard still compression schemes and their difficulties.
Systemic administration of the di-apocarotenoid norbixin (BIO201) is neuroprotective, preserves photoreceptor function and inhibits A2E and lipofuscin accumulation in animal models of age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease (2020)

Atrophic A\age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease (STGD) are major blinding diseases affecting millions of patients worldwide, but no treatment is available. In dry AMD and STGD oxidative stress and subretinal accumulation of <i>N</i>-retinylidene-<i>N</i>-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a toxic by-product of the visual cycle, causes retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor degeneration leading to visual impairment. Acute and chronic retinal degeneration following blue light damage (BLD) in BALB/c mice and aging of <i>Abca4<sup>-/-</sup> Rdh8<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, respectively, reproduce features of AMD and STGD. Efficacy of systemic administrations of 9'-<i>cis</i>-norbixin (norbixin), a natural di-apocarotenoid, prepared from <i>Bixa orellana</i> seeds with anti-oxidative properties, was evaluated during BLD in BALB/c mice, and in <i>Abca4<sup>-/-</sup> Rdh8<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice of different ages, following three experimental designs: "preventive", "early curative" and "late curative" supplementations. Norbixin injected intraperitoneally in BALB/c mice, maintained scotopic and photopic electroretinogram amplitude and was neuroprotective. Norbixin chronic oral administration for 6 months in <i>Abca4<sup>-/-</sup> Rdh8<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice following the "early curative" supplementation showed optimal neuroprotection and maintenance of photoreceptor function and reduced ocular A2E accumulation. Thus, norbixin appears promising as a systemic drug candidate for both AMD and STGD treatment.
Use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter for management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs: 69 cases (2000–2014) (2016)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter (PTC) for urinary bladder drainage in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs with obstructive urolithiasis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 43 goats, 10 sheep, and 16 potbellied pigs (all males) with obstructive urolithiasis evaluated at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. PROCEDURES Medical records of goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs examined because of obstructive urolithiasis from January 2000 through December 2014 were reviewed. Records of animals for which a standard PTC had been placed into the urinary bladder as part of disease management were selected. Data were collected regarding signalment, complications associated with PTC placement, and duration of PTC placement prior to removal. RESULTS 42 of 43 goats, 5 of 10 sheep, and all potbellied pigs were castrated. Median (range) duration of PTC placement was 2 (1 to 4) days for goats, 1 (1 to 4) day for sheep, and 1 (1 to 3) day for potbellied pigs. Complications associated with PTC placement included blockage of the catheter by urine sediment, perforation of the cecum, and migration of the catheter out of the urinary bladder. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Placement of a PTC into the urinary bladder allowed for effective stabilization of goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs with obstructive urolithiasis while acid-base and electrolyte imbalances were corrected. Use of a PTC should be considered for urinary bladder drainage during medical management or prior to surgical management of obstructive urolithiasis for these species.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Photochromic Properties of Substituted Spiroindolinonaphthoxazines (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interaction techniques using prosodic features of speech and audio localization (2005)

We describe several approaches for using prosodic features of speech and audio localization to control interactive applications. This information can be applied to parameter control, as well as to speech disambiguation. We discuss how characteristics of spoken sentences can be exploited in the user interface; for example, by considering the speed with which a sentence is spoken and the presence of extraneous utterances. We also show how coarse audio localization can be used for low-fidelity gesture tracking, by inferring the speaker's head position.
New MAP estimators for speaker recognition (2003)

We report the results of some experiments which demonstrate that eigenvoice MAP and eigenphone MAP are at least as effective as classical MAP for discriminative speaker modeling on SWITCHBOARD data. We show how eigenvoice MAP can be modified to yield a new model-based channel compensation technique which we call eigenchannel MAP. When compared with multi-channel training, eigenchannel MAP was found to reduce speaker identification errors by 50%.
miR‐92 is a key oncogenic component of the miR‐17–92 cluster in colon cancer (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenously expressed non-coding small RNAs that function primarily as gene regulators. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs play a significant role in tumor development, making them potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The miR-17-92 cluster has emerged as an important locus, being highly overexpressed in several cancers in association with cancer development and progression. The miR-17-92 miRNA cluster generates a single polycistronic primary transcript that yields six mature miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b, and miR-92a. In colon cancer development, the pathophysiologic roles of these transcripts and their targets are largely unknown. In the present study, we performed copy number analyses of the six miRNAs transcribed from the miR-17-92 cluster in colon tumor tissues. We determined that miR-92a was transcribed at higher levels than the other five miRNAs in both adenomas and carcinoma. In addition, miR-92a directly targeted the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) in colon cancer tissues. An anti-miR-92a antagomir induced apoptosis of colon cancer-derived cell lines. These data indicate that miR-92a plays a pivotal role in the development of colorectal carcinoma.
Load-independent hydrogel friction (2021)

Biology largely manages tribological challenges either by eliminating sliding altogether or by protecting sliding interfaces with soft aqueous gels. In the body, aqueous gels are often thin (thickness, t < 100 μm), soft (elastic modulus, E < 10 kPa), lubricious (friction coefficients, μ < 0.01), and cover compliant surfaces, including cell membranes, pleura, cartilage, and the eye. These characteristics provide a natural defense against wide ranges of applied loads. In this work, hydrogel samples (7.5 wt% polyacrylamide, 0.3 wt% N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) were prepared with spherically-capped shell probe geometries, which have been previously determined to provide constant contact pressures during indentation measurements against flat hydrogel disks. In a self-mated (“Gemini”) sliding configuration, this geometry is capable of load-independent friction over a range of low normal loads spanning 0.5 to 2.0 mN. This friction behavior is consistent with da Vinci-Amontons' friction law (Ff = μFn) due to the large compliance of the spherically-capped shell probe geometry enabling the area of contact to increase in proportion with the applied load and due to low shear stresses reacted across the sliding interface for high water content aqueous gels. Future bio-inspired lubrication strategies involving aqueous gels may benefit from leveraging contact geometry for constant, load-independent friction.
Suppression of ongoing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in DA rats by novel peptide drug, structural part of human myelin basic protein 46–62 (2009)

Previously, we demonstrated that autoantibodies (AAb) in multiple sclerosis (MS) reveal site-specific binding and cleavage toward myelin basic protein (MBP) epitope library. We have found several fragments of MBP immunodominant in terms of AAb binding. Here, we applied these peptides to DA rats with induced protracted relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) most closely related to MS. DA rats with EAE induced by syngenic spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant were treated by nasal route with human MBP 46-62, 81-102, 124-139, 147-170, and Copaxone. MBP 124-139 and 147-170 displayed only mild therapeutic effects but MBP 46-62 significantly reduced EAE, reflected by lower clinical scores and shorter EAE duration compared to controls.
Variability of Steady-State Bacterial Fluorescence with Respect to Growth Conditions (1993)

The UV-excited (∼280 nm) fluorescence emission spectra from suspensions of several different species of bacteria are examined to determine to what extent differences in condition of growth change their spectra. This is an important factor if these spectra are considered for use for identification of species. It was found that the spectra were relatively invariant with respect to whether the bacteria were harvested during growth (log phase) or after the medium was depleted (stationary phase). For a given strain of Escherichia coli it was found that the emission spectrum did not change for growth in rich, compared to minimal, medium; however, there was some change for other species. For bacterial spores, the emission spectra were found to be similar for several species. An estimate was made for the quantum yield for Bacillus megaterium spores. The emission spectrum from spores and bacteria was found to change substantially on drying.
Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches (1986)

A two-dimensional classificatory scheme highlighting ten different approaches to the measurement of business performance in strategy research is developed. The first dimension concerns the use of financial versus broader operational criteria, while the second focuses on two alternate data sources (primary versus secondary). The scheme permits the classification of an exhaustive coverage of measurement approaches and is useful for discussing their relative merits and demerits. Implications for operationalizing business performance in future strategy research are discussed.
Deep Learning Enables Superior Photoacoustic Imaging at Ultralow Laser Dosages (2020)

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is an excellent modality for in vivo biomedical imaging as it noninvasively provides high-resolution morphologic and functional information without the need for exogenous contrast agents. However, the high excitation laser dosage, limited imaging speed, and imperfect image quality still hinder the use of OR-PAM in clinical applications. The laser dosage, imaging speed, and image quality are mutually restrained by each other, and thus far, no methods have been proposed to resolve this challenge. Here, a deep learning method called the multitask residual dense network is proposed to overcome this challenge. This method utilizes an innovative strategy of integrating multisupervised learning, dual-channel sample collection, and a reasonable weight distribution. The proposed deep learning method is combined with an application-targeted modified OR-PAM system. Superior images under ultralow laser dosage (32-fold reduced dosage) are obtained for the first time in this study. Using this new technique, a high-quality, high-speed OR-PAM system that meets clinical requirements is now conceivable.
Aberrant promoter methylation contributes to LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer (2022)

Our study contributes novel insight into mechanisms which repress LRIG1 in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrates for the first time that targeted de-repression of LRIG1 in cancer cells is possible. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms associated with repression of tumour suppressor genes holds potential for the advancement of therapeutic approaches.
Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of oxymorphone extended release for moderate to severe cancer pain (2004)

8194 Background: Effective management of chronic cancer pain often requires opioid analgesics, but few studies have assessed their long-term use in moderate to severe pain. Methods: This multicenter, 2-year, open-label extension study included patients who completed a phase III, randomized trial. Patients continued with oxymorphone extended release (ER) q12h at their previous dose. Oxymorphone immediate release was available for rescue medication. Effectiveness assessments (at weeks 1, 2, 6, 10, 16, and at 6-week intervals thereafter) measured pain recall scores, current pain intensity, patient global assessment, rescue analgesic use, and daily dosage. Safety was assessed by adverse events, laboratory tests, and vital signs. Results: Forty- four patients enrolled with an estimated median time to discontinuation of 213 days; 16 completed 12 months and 5 completed 24 months. Current pain assessments (visual analog scale of 0–100 mm) remained relatively unchanged with means of 32.1 at week 1 and 31.3 at week 104, and there were no meaningful changes in mean recalled least, worst, or average pain intensity. The mean daily dosage of oxymorphone ER was 125 mg at week 1, 151 mg at week 52, and 197 mg at week 104. Mean use of rescue medication was low (23–30 mg/d). Serious adverse events caused the most withdrawals; the most frequent serious adverse event was concomitant disease progression. At each assessment, more than 90% of patients rated oxymorphone as “excellent,” “very good,” or “good.” Conclusions: Oxymorphone ER q12h is effective for long-term control of moderate to severe cancer pain with minimal dose escalation or need for rescue medication. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Endo Pharmaceuticals
Design and Evaluation of Cyclone Separation Cleaning Devices Using a Conical Sieve for Rape Combine Harvesters (2018)

Abstract. Cyclone separation cleaning devices and a conical sieve for a rape combine harvester were designed to address problems of vibration and the complexity of conventional combine harvesters with vibration sieves. The cyclone separation cleaning devices consisted of a blower, cyclone separator, pipe, fan and other components. The working processes were examined and an innovative mechanical system was designed. Both single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out to obtain optimal parameter values. Based on the single-factor experiments, the proper rotational speed of the conical sieve was 40-60 r/min and the proper airflow speeds of the cyclone separator for the inlet and outlet were 3-5 m/s and 24-28 m/s, respectively. From the orthogonal experiments, the cleaning performance was optimal when the rotational speed of the conical sieve was 40 r/min and the airflow speeds of the cyclone separator for the inlet and outlet were 3 m/s and 24 m/s, respectively. The optimal cleaning ratio and total loss ratio parameters were 88.99% and 4.86%, respectively. This research could provide a reference for the improvement of cleaning systems for rape combine harvesters. Keywords: Agricultural engineering, Cleaning, Combine harvester, Conical sieve, Cyclone separation, Rape.
Microinfusion: clinical and cost-containment concepts. (1985)

This article provides a detailed overview of the concept of intravenous drug delivery. Recognizing the limitations inherent in a gravity-controlled system and the new advantages achieved in the technology of microinfusion, defined here as the (controlled) delivery of small volumes of concentrated solutions of drugs, we have described the concepts and advantages associated with a microinfusion system. The clinical advantages to such a system are far reaching and include lower incidences of bacterial contamination, phlebitis, embolization, and fluid overload as well as more accurate delivery of drug. Since financial advantages are a prerequisite for any new system in this era of fiscal restraint, the financial considerations associated with the use of a microinfusion system are also delineated. These advantages, which range from decreases in supply costs to decreases in the overall cost of patient care, support the argument for increased utilization of microinfusion systems. Overall, it is our contention that microinfusion offers a more rational approach to the delivery of drugs in many patient populations, and expanded implementation of this challenging concept should be further explored.
Levels of early-childhood behavioral inhibition predict distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to pediatric anxiety (2019)

Early-childhood BI levels predict distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to pediatric anxiety symptoms. These pathways involve distinct relations among brain function, behavior, and anxiety symptoms, which may inform diagnosis and treatment.
Inhomogeneous and Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of the Triceps Surae Aponeuroses in Older Adults: Relationships With Muscle Strength and Walking Performance (2021)

This study investigated (a) site- and direction-dependent variations of passive triceps surae aponeurosis stiffness and (b) the relationships between aponeurosis stiffness and muscle strength and walking performance in older individuals. Seventy-nine healthy older adults participated in this study. Shear wave velocities of the triceps surae aponeuroses at different sites and in two orthogonal directions were obtained in a prone position at rest using supersonic shear imaging. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of the plantar flexors and normal (preferred) and fast (fastest possible) walking speeds (5-m distance) were also measured. The shear wave velocities of the adjoining aponeuroses were weakly associated with plantar flexion torque (r = .23-.34), normal (r = .26), and fast walking speed (r = .25). The results show clear spatial variations and anisotropy of the triceps surae aponeuroses stiffness in vivo, and the aponeurosis stiffness was associated with physical ability in older adults.