gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using computational fluid dynamics simulation improves the design and subsequent characterization of a plug-flow type scale-down reactor for microbial cultivation processes (2022)

The scale-up of bioprocesses is still one of the major obstacles in biotechnological industry. Scale-down bioreactors were identified as valuable tools to investigate the heterogeneities observed in large-scale tanks in laboratory-scale. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to gain information about fluid flow in tanks used for production. Here we present the rational design and comprehensive characterization of a scale-down setup, in which a flexible and modular plug-flow reactor is connected to a stirred tank bioreactor. With the help of CFD the mixing time difference between differently scaled bioreactors were evaluated and used as scale-down criterium. Additionally, it was used to characterize the setup at conditions were experiments could technically not be performed. This was the first time a scale-down setup was tested on high cell density Escherichia coli cultivations to produce industrial relevant antigen-binding fragments (Fab). Reduced biomass and product yields were observed during the scale-down cultivations. Additionally, the intracellular Fab fraction was increased by using the setup. The results show that including CFD in the design and characterization of a scale-down reactor can help to keep a connection to production scale and also gain intensive knowledge about the setup, which enhances usability.
Current‐Induced Nucleation and Annihilation of Magnetic Skyrmions at Room Temperature in a Chiral Magnet (2017)

A magnetic skyrmion is a nanometer-scale magnetic vortex carrying an integer topological charge. Skyrmions show a promise for potential application in low-power-consumption and high-density memory devices. To promote their use in applications, it is attempted to control the existence of skyrmions using low electric currents at room temperature (RT). This study presents real-space observations for the current-induced formation and annihilation of a skyrmion lattice (SkL) as well as isolated skyrmions in a microdevice composed of a thin chiral magnet Co<sub>8</sub> Zn<sub>9</sub> Mn<sub>3</sub> with a Curie temperature, T<sub>C</sub> ≈ 325 K, above RT. It is found that the critical current for the manipulation of Bloch-type skyrmions is on the order of 10<sup>8</sup> A m<sup>-2</sup> , approximately three orders of magnitude lower than that needed for the creation and drive of ferromagnetic (FM) domain walls in thin FM films. The in situ real-space imaging also demonstrates the dynamical topological transition from a helical or conical structure to a SkL induced by the flow of DC current, thus paving the way for the electrical control of magnetic skyrmions.
PSD-95 and PSD-93 Play Critical But Distinct Roles in Synaptic Scaling Up and Down (2011)

Synaptic scaling stabilizes neuronal firing through the homeostatic regulation of postsynaptic strength, but the mechanisms by which chronic changes in activity lead to bidirectional adjustments in synaptic AMPA receptor (AMPAR) abundance are incompletely understood. Furthermore, it remains unclear to what extent scaling up and scaling down use distinct molecular machinery. PSD-95 is a scaffold protein proposed to serve as a binding "slot" that determines synaptic AMPAR content, and synaptic PSD-95 abundance is regulated by activity, raising the possibility that activity-dependent changes in the synaptic abundance of PSD-95 or other membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) drives the bidirectional changes in AMPAR accumulation during synaptic scaling. We found that synaptic PSD-95 and SAP102 (but not PSD-93) abundance were bidirectionally regulated by activity, but these changes were not sufficient to drive homeostatic changes in synaptic strength. Although not sufficient, the PSD-95 MAGUKs were necessary for synaptic scaling, but scaling up and down were differentially dependent on PSD-95 and PSD-93. Scaling down was completely blocked by reduced or enhanced PSD-95, through a mechanism that depended on the PDZ1/2 domains. In contrast, scaling up could be supported by either PSD-95 or PSD-93 in a manner that depended on neuronal age and was unaffected by a superabundance of PSD-95. Together, our data suggest that scaling up and down of quantal amplitude is not driven by changes in synaptic abundance of PSD-95 MAGUKs, but rather that the PSD-95 MAGUKs serve as critical synaptic organizers that use distinct protein-protein interactions to mediate homeostatic accumulation and loss of synaptic AMPAR.
Structural characterization of aqueous solution poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles (2016)

The structure of aqueous dispersions of poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles was characterized using contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering studies. Modeling the low hybrid concentration dispersion scattering data using a fuzzy sphere and a polydisperse core-shell model, demonstrated that the polymer chains are highly swollen in the dispersions as compared to the dimensions of the free polymer chains in dilute solution. At higher hybrid concentrations, the dispersions were well described using a Percus-Yevick approximation to describe the structure factor. These structural characterization tools are excellent starting points for effective molecular level descriptors of dewetting and macroscopic phase transitions for polymer tethered hybrid nanoparticle systems.
Image dehazing based on non-local saturation (2018)

In this paper, a method based on non-local saturation algorithm is proposed to avoid block and halo effect for single image dehazing with dark channel prior. First we convert original image from RGB color space into HSV color space with the idea of non-local method. Image saturation is weighted equally by the size of fixed window according to image resolution. Second we utilize the saturation to estimate the atmospheric light value and transmission rate. Then through the function of saturation and transmission, the haze-free image is obtained based on the atmospheric scattering model. Comparing the results of existing methods, our method can restore image color and enhance contrast. We guarantee the proposed method with quantitative and qualitative evaluation respectively. Experiments show the better visual effect with high efficiency.
Compendium of Current Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage Results from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (2017)

Total ionizing dose and displacement damage testing was performed to characterize and determine the suitability of candidate electronics for NASA space utilization. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear bipolar devices, and hybrid devices.
Defining critical illness using immunological endotypes in patients with and without of sepsis: A cohort study (2023)

<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a heterogenous syndrome with limited therapeutic options. Identifying characteristic gene expression patterns, or endotypes, in septic patients may lead to targeted interventions. We investigated whether patients admitted to a surgical ICU with sepsis and with high risk of mortality express similar endotypes to non-septic, but still critically ill patients using two multiplex transcriptomic metrics obtained both on admission to a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and at set intervals. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed transcriptomic data from 522 patients in two single-site, prospective, observational cohorts admitted to surgical ICUs over a 5-year period ending in July 2020 <b>.</b> Using an FDA-cleared analytical platform (nCounter FLEX <sup>®</sup> , NanoString, Inc.), we assessed a previously validated 29-messenger RNA transcriptomic classifier for likelihood of 30-day mortality (IMX-SEV-3) and a 33-messenger RNA transcriptomic endotype classifier. Clinical outcomes included all-cause (in-hospital, 30-, 90-day) mortality, development of chronic critical illness (CCI), and secondary infections. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess for true effect and confounding. <b>Results:</b> Sepsis was associated with a significantly higher predicted and actual hospital mortality. At enrollment, the predominant endotype for both septic and non-septic patients was <i>adaptive</i> , though with significantly different distributions. <i>Inflammopathic</i> and <i>coagulopathic</i> septic patients, as well as <i>inflammopathic</i> non-septic patients, showed significantly higher frequencies of secondary infections compared to those with adaptive endotypes (p<0.01). Endotypes changed during ICU hospitalization in 57.5% of patients. Patients who remained <i>adaptive</i> had overall better prognosis, while those who remained <i>inflammopathic</i> or <i>coagulopathic</i> had worse overall outcomes. For severity metrics, patients admitted with sepsis and a high predicted likelihood of mortality showed an <i>inflammopathic</i> (49.6%) endotype and had higher rates of cumulative adverse outcomes (67.4%). Patients at low mortality risk, whether septic or non-septic, almost uniformly presented with an adaptive endotype (100% and 93.4%, respectively). <b>Conclusion</b> : Critically ill surgical patients express different and evolving immunological endotypes depending upon both their sepsis status and severity of their clinical course. Future studies will elucidate whether endotyping critically ill, septic patients can identify individuals for targeted therapeutic interventions to improve patient management and outcomes.
Effect of systemic steroids on long-term post-operative sinonasal and general quality of life and inflammatory biomarkers: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial (2021)

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether post-operative systemic steroid administration in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) impacted 1) the Nasal Polyp and Lund-Kennedy Score 2) recurrence rates 3) long-term sinonasal and general quality of life (SNQOL, GQOL) 4) mucus derived biomarker levels and 5) smell scores and whether risk of recurrence could be predicted using preoperative SNQOL, GQOL, and selected biomarkers.
Effect of an inhibitor of DNA methylation on T cells. I. 5-Azacytidine induces T4 expression on T8+ T cells. (1986)

Maturing thymocytes express a series of cell surface glycoproteins which can be identified by monoclonal antibodies. The stage II or common thymocyte expresses the phenotype T4+T8+T6+T3-. In response to unknown signals, but presumably involving interactions with products of the major histocompatibility complex, the thymocyte suppresses either the T8 or T4 gene, becoming committed to the T4+T8- or T4-T8+ phenotype. With maturation, the thymocyte also becomes T6-T3+. To study whether DNA methylation may be involved in regulating expression of these determinants in mature T cells, we treated cloned interleukin 2-dependent T8- and T4-bearing T cells with 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), a nucleoside analog which inhibits methylation of newly synthesized DNA. In this report, we show that T8+ T cells treated with 5-azaC express the phenotype T8+T4+T6-T3+. Treatment of the same cells with hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, failed to induce T4 on T8+ cells. These results suggest that expression of the T4 gene may be suppressed by DNA methylation in mature T8+ cells.
The Cellular Trafficking of the Secretory Proprotein Convertase PCSK9 and Its Dependence on the LDLR (2007)

In Figure 5B PCSK9 has been mispelled as PCS59 and in Figure 9C D376Y should be D374Y.
Development of Electronic Interlocking Device which Secures Safety of Railway Signaling based upon Fail Safe Technology using General Purpose Information Processing (1999)

East Japan Railway Company (JR, EAST) has developed the new type of electronic interlocking device which was applied the general-purpose information technology, and portable radio terminal which was added fail safe function. These new developments contribute to success of the modernization of the railway company and securing the safety fully. This paper informs these fail-safe methods of first practical using in Japan.The new type of electronic interlocking device and portable radio terminal have already installed for many stations, and these effects are not able to be said in a word fully. The new railway signaling technology which is based on the general-purpose information has come to new stage to apply the new railway signaling system. Accordingly this paper informs the significance of applying for the such field and possibility in the future.
Parents of children with disability: Mental health outcomes and utilization of mental health services (2023)

There are high levels of mental health concerns among parents of children with disabilities in Australia. Mental health interventions are needed to support parents of children aged 4-11 years where there appear to be unmet health needs.
Metal‐Free Reduction of CO2 to Methoxyborane under Ambient Conditions through Borondiformate Formation (2016)

Abstract An abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based homogeneous catalyst has been used for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methoxyborane in the presence of a range of hydroboranes under ambient conditions and resulted in the highest turnover number of 6000. A catalytically active reaction intermediate, [aNHC‐H⋅9BBN(OCOH) 2 ] was structurally characterized and authenticated by NMR spectroscopy. A detailed mechanistic cycle of this catalytic process via borondiformate formation has been proposed from tandem experimental and computational experiments.
Prenatal diagnosis of diastematomyelia: A case report and review of the literature (2011)

Diastematomyelia is a rare congenital disorder in which the spinal cord is divided longitudinally for part of its length. It can be accurately identified in the prenatal period by detailed sonographic examination of the spine. We report a case of diastematomyelia localized to spinal levels T6-T9 diagnosed prenatally at 31 weeks' gestation and review the existing literature on the diagnosis and management of this condition during pregnancy.
Bis(acetylen)komplexe des Niobs und Tantals / Bis-acetylene Complexes of Niobium and Tantalum (1987)

Abstract The photo-induced reaction of C 5 Me 5 M(CO) 4 complexes (M = Nb, Ta) with excess alkynes R 1 C 2 R 2 (R 1 , R 2 = H, Me, Ph, Hex) in pentane solution results in the formation of the bis-acetylene complexes C 5 Me 5 M(R 1 C 2 R 2 ) 2 CO. In these complexes the π-bonded acetylene ligands behave formally as three electron ligands.
Identification of Sox2 and NeuN Double-Positive Cells in the Mouse Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus and Their Reduction in Number With Aging (2021)

The hypothalamus plays a central role in homeostasis and aging. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) controls homeostasis of food intake and energy expenditure and retains adult neural stem cells (NSCs)/progenitor cells. Aging induces the loss of NSCs and the enhancement of inflammation, including the activation of glial cells in the ARC, but aging-associated alterations of the hypothalamic cells remain obscure. Here, we identified Sox2 and NeuN double-positive cells in a subpopulation of cells in the mouse ARC. These cells were reduced in number with aging, although NeuN-positive neuronal cells were unaltered in the total number. Diet-induced obesity mice fed with high-fat diet presented a similar hypothalamic alteration to aged mice. This study provides a new insight into aging-induced changes in the hypothalamus.
The GATA-1/FOG-1/NuRD Axis Is Essential for Normal Hematopoiesis. (2007)

Abstract GATA-1 controls the development of erythroid cells and megakaryocytes through its ability to activate and repress gene transcription. GATA-1 binds many nuclear proteins, but only a few of these associations have been examined in vivo. One important example is FOG-1, a critical cofactor that contributes to both gene activation and repression by GATA-1. Loss of FOG-1 generally phenocopies GATA-1 deficiency, impairing both erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. We reported previously that FOG-1 directly binds the NuRD protein complex, which contains histone deacetylase and chromatin remodeling activities. This provides one mechanism for GATA-1/FOG-1-mediated gene repression. Accordingly, ChIP profiling of the NuRD proteins MTA-2, RbAp46 and Mi-2β revealed the presence of these molecules at the Kit and Gata2 genes both of which are directly repressed by GATA-1 in a FOG-1-dependent manner. NuRD proteins were spread broadly across the Kit and Gata2 genes but were further enriched at sites occupied by GATA-1 and FOG-1 in vivo. Unexpectedly, we also observed NuRD components at GATA-1-activated genes including β-globin and Ahsp. Moreover, the ability of FOG-1 to augment GATA-1-induced transcription in transient transfection assays required NuRD binding. Hence, NuRD may be bi-functional, contributing to either gene activation or repression, depending on the transcriptional and cellular context. To study the role of the FOG-1/NuRD interaction in vivo we generated mice bearing missense mutations in the Fog-1(Zfpm1) gene that disrupt NuRD binding in the FOG-1 protein. Homozygous mutant mice are born at reduced Mendelian ratios. Surviving animals display ineffective erythropoiesis marked by splenomegaly and impaired erythroid maturation. In addition, homozygous mutant animals display macrothrombocytopenia with impaired platelet function. Thus, recruitment of NuRD by GATA-1 and FOG-1 is essential for both erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Ongoing studies include further phenotypic analysis of the mutant mice, including comparative gene expression analysis in stage-matched wild-type and mutant erythroid cells to identify critical NuRD-dependent GATA target genes, and to resolve whether NuRD is essential for both activation and repression by GATA-1 and FOG-1 in vivo. An important open question under investigation is how recruitment of the NURD complex can lead to suppression of some genes and the enhanced expression of others. The FOG-1/NuRD mutant mice provide useful tools to dissect transcription pathways initiated by GATA-1. Moreover, given the role of GATA-1 mutations in congenital anemias and megakaryoblastic leukemias, enzymatic components of the NuRD complex may provide novel targets for pharmacologic manipulation to treat these disorders.
Expeditious Synthesis of Hippuristanol and Congeners with Potent Antiproliferative Activities (2009)

Rapid access: An expeditious synthesis of hippuristanol was developed that allowed rapid access to a number of analogues with structural alteration at its E and F rings (see scheme), facilitating the structure–activity relationship studies of the novel inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dynamics of wetting and phase separation (1990)

The connection between the growth of a wetting layer and bulk phase separation is investigated in a liquid system undergoing spinodal decomposition. The wetting phase, which grows at the walls of the container, is found to be rippled and connected to the bulk, and layering of spatially anisotropic domains of the nonwetting phase is observed near the wall. Growth laws are determined and compared with a dimensional analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Texture of cholesteric cellulosic gels and films observed by electron microscopy (1990)

It is now well known that cellulose derivatives form cholesteric liquid crystalline phases in the bulk and in solution. The supramolecular arrangement of the cholesteric materials gives them unique optical properties. Light entering the cholesteric domain is partially reflected. Circularly-polarized light with the same handedness as the helicoidal structure and a wavelength corresponding to the cholesteric pitch will be reflected by the mesophase. Free-standing films displaying a cholesteric order are thus strongly desirable for many different applications. Even though transmission electron microscopy (TEM) seems to be the perfect technique to extend results obtained by optical microscopy, this approach has been used infrequently in the study of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals don't lend themselves to electron microscopy because of their fluidity. Lyotropic systems are destroyed by evaporation of the solvent under high vacuum. However, under specific conditions, solid cellulosic films can retain a helicoidal organization. Classical embedding and ultra-sectioning can thus be applied on such materials as long as they do not dissolve in water.
Significant Elevation of Serum Soluble CD14 Levels in Patients with Brucellosis (2005)

Activation of macrophages represents one of the initial events in innate immunity to intracellular infections. CD14 is expressed principally by cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage and plays a pivotal role in innate recognition of bacterial cell wall components, particularly lipopolysaccharides. We measured serum concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14) in serum samples obtained from 37 patients with brucellosis and 36 healthy controls. Serum levels of sCD14 were significantly increased in patients with brucellosis compared with those in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Re-analysis of serum samples after treatment in 25 patients demonstrated that treatment did not result in any significant decline in sCD14 levels. Despite a limited study population, these findings may implicate CD14 signaling as an important component of the initial anti-brucellar host response and suggest that activation of mononuclear phagocytic system is sustained even following effective treatment.
Thermal stability of Fe, Co, Ni metal nanoparticles (2006)

Abstract The thermal stability of metal nanoparticles is discussed in both melting thermodynamics and interface thermodynamics. Emphases are put on the size and shape dependence of melting temperature, critical size and vacancy‐formation energy of both freestanding and embedded metal nanoparticles. The melting temperature depression and superheating phenomena for reported nanoparticle systems are explained. Critical sizes of Fe, Co, Ni metal nanocrystals that the crystals keep their crystallinity are calculated and the corresponding minimum melting temperatures predicted. The vacancy‐formation energies of Fe, Co, Ni small particles are also calculated as a reference. Theoretical predictions are consistent with experimental results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Resolution of endo‐Bicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐2‐yl Butyrates and Related Compounds: Steric Requirements in the Bridge‐Region. (1989)

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of the compounds (I) and (III) proceeds stereoselectively.