gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesion release and yield enhancement of microstructures using pulsed Lorentz forces (1995)

Adhesion of microstructures is an important failure mechanism in surface-micromachined devices. In this paper, a simple and effective method for releasing pinned microstructures is presented. The method uses the Lorentz force due to the interaction of a current with an external magnetic field to generate an upward force that frees the microstructures. The static and transient behavior of beams under the Lorentz force is examined. Critical values of current and pulse durations needed to release the microstructures are determined and verified with experimental data. Using this technique, previously pinned beams and rectangular plates have been released. The release technique is suitable for mass production environments since it is easily applied during the electrical testing of the device, thereby increasing the manufacturing yield.
DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES "REGELFAHRVERBOTS" BEI GESCHWINDIGKEITSUEBERSCHREITUNGEN UND ROTLICHTVERSTOESSEN IM JAHR 1997 (1998)

Die Androhung von Fahrverboten wurde durch den Verordnungsgeber erneut verschaerft. Bei Geschwindigkeitsueberschreitungen ist der Grund fuer die Anordnung der Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung fuer die Verhaengung eines Fahrverbotes unerheblich. Bezueglich der Minderung des Handlungsunwertes bei Geschwindigkeitsueberschreitungen wird dargestellt, unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine solche Minderung angenommen werden kann. Bei Rotlichtverstoessen liegt kein Regelfall fuer die Verhaengung eines Fahrverbotes vor, wenn es dabei zu keiner Gefaehrdung des Quer- beziehungsweise Fussgaengerverkehrs gekommen ist. Ein Fahrverbot ist auch ausgeschlossen, wenn es zu dem Verstoss nur auf Grund einer momentanen Unaufmerksamkeit gekommen ist. Nach obergerichtlicher Rechtsprechung lassen ausserdem bestimmte Umstaende fuer sich allein die Erforderlichkeit eines Fahrverbots nicht entfallen, so zum Beispiel wenn ein Verstoss zu verkehrsarmer Zeit begangen wurde. Bei einem laengeren Zeitablauf zwischen Tat und deren Ahndung wird eine Frist von zwei Jahren angenommen, bei deren Ueberschreitung das Fahrverbot entfallen sollte. Von einem Fahrverbot ist ferner abzusehen, wenn die damit verbundenen Folgen fuer den Betroffenen als eine besondere Haerte unzumutbar waeren. Das ist etwa bei beruflichen Folgen, die zu Existenzgefaehrdungen fuehren koennen, der Fall. Es ist streitig, wer Tatsachen fuer moeglicherweise unangemessene Folgen des Fahrverbotes vortragen muss. Ein Absehen vom Fahrverbot muss im Urteil eingehend begruendet werden.
Correction: Hokynar, K. et al. Chlamydia-Like Organisms (CLOs) in Finnish Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Human Skin. Microorganisms 2016, 4, 28 (2019)

The authors wish to make the following modification to this paper [...]
Dose-dependent and strain-dependent anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus sakei in a diet induced obese murine model (2019)

This study shows intraspecies diversity of <i>L. sakei</i> and suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain- and dose-specific manner.
In Vitro Assessment of New Niobium Phosphate Glasses and Glass Ceramics (2007)

Niobo-phosphate glasses were produced in order to assess the citotoxicity of samples with different compositions. Different P2O5/Ca ratios were studied in an attempt to correlate the biological behavior of new niobo-phosphate bioactive glasses with conventional bioactive calcium phosphate glasses. The most biocompatible glass composition was chosen to produce glassreinforced hydroxyapatite composites.
Vitronectin adsorption to chrysotile asbestos increases fiber phagocytosis and toxicity for mesothelial cells (2000)

Biological modification of asbestos fibers can alter their interaction with target cells. We have shown that vitronectin (VN), a major adhesive protein in serum, adsorbs to crocidolite asbestos and increases fiber phagocytosis by mesothelial cells via integrins. Because chrysotile asbestos differs significantly from crocidolite in charge and shape, we asked whether VN would also adsorb to chrysotile asbestos and increase its toxicity for mesothelial cells. We found that VN, either from purified solutions or from serum, adsorbed to chrysotile but at a lower amount per surface area than to crocidolite. Nevertheless, VN coating increased the phagocytosis of chrysotile as well as of crocidolite asbestos. VN coating of both chrysotile and crocidolite, but not of glass beads, increased intracellular oxidation and apoptosis of mesothelial cells. The additional apoptosis could be blocked by integrin-ligand blockade with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides, confirming a role for integrins in the fiber-induced toxicity. We conclude that VN increases the phagocytosis of chrysotile as well as of crocidolite asbestos and that phagocytosis is important in fiber-induced toxicity for mesothelial cells.
Remarkable axial ligand effect on regioselectivity towards terminal alkenes in epoxidation of dienes by a robust manganese porphyrin (2003)

With a highly encumbered manganese porphyrin as catalyst, significant improvements in regioselectivity towards less substituted C-C double bond in diene epoxidation were attained by simply adding organic bases as axial ligand.
Rate distortion theory with generalized information measures via convex programming duality (1986)

A new generalized average mutual information measure (GAMIM) is introduced in terms of Csiszar <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi</tex> -divergence, and the associated rate distortion function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_{\phi}</tex> is studied. The main objective is to derive in a unified way a dual representation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_{\phi}</tex> , then to use it to generalize classical results (corresponding to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi(t) = t \log t</tex> ) in rate distortion theory and extend results associated with other concepts of GAMIM. Our development uses the methodology of convex programming duality extensively.
Malignancies in HIV‐infected Thai patients* (2007)

Of 1416 HIV-infected patients seen at Ramathibodi Hospital over a 5-year period (1999-2003), 42 were diagnosed with malignancies, giving a prevalence of 3%. Twenty-one of these patients (50%) were men and their mean age was 40.8 years. The median CD4 cell count was 235 cells/muL. AIDS-related malignancies were found in 26 patients (62%). The most common AIDS-related malignancies were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (33%), cervical cancer (21%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (5%). Breast cancer was the most common non-AIDS-related malignancy (10%). Eleven patients (26%) died. The 75% survival time of patients who received treatment for their malignancy was longer than that of patients who received no treatment (18.3 vs 1.2 months; P<0.01).
Single-channel blind separation of co-frequency MPSK signals based on PSP algorithm with DFSE (2015)

In this paper, the problem of blind separation of a mixture of two co-frequency MPSK signals with the same power level in a single channel is investigated. The performance of the existing per-survivor processing (PSP) algorithm which uses decision-feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) to do the detection of the two sources is firstly analyzed. It is found that the BER of the PSP algorithm with DFSE is affected by the sampling instance. A sampling instance which leads to lower bit error ratio (BER) as compared with the conventional sampling instance is then proposed. Simulation results show that by using the proposed sampling instance, the BER obtained by the PSP algorithm with DFSE is improved by about 2dB in terms of SNR.
Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Diabetes-Related Hospital Costs in Patients with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2010)

In this managed-care plan, the odds of having at least 1 diabetes-related hospitalization were not significantly associated with higher mean A1c except for patients with mean A1c of at least 10%. However, higher mean A1c levels were associated with significantly higher estimated hospitalization costs among those with at least 1 hospitalization and with higher rates of diabetes-related hospital utilization per 100 patient-years.
Isolators and circulators based on kerr nonreciprocity in microresonators (2017)

Miniaturisation of optical circuits will play an important role in the realisation of future telecommunication networks. One challenge for the evolution of optical circuits is the difficulty in realising optical isolators overcoming the size limits of Faraday-based isolators and circulators[1]. Here we present a proof-of-principle setup for isolators and circulators relying on Kerr-effect-induced nonreciprocity in microresonators [2]. This has the key advantages of being completely passive, chip-integrable and competitive with the isolation of Faraday-effect-based isolators and circulators. Pumping a microresonator in opposite directions with enough power leads to symmetry breaking [2] with the surprising result that light of a given frequency can only circulate in one direction. This effect can be explained by a Kerr-nonlinearity-mediated interaction between the counterpropagating light that splits the clockwise and counterclockwise resonance frequencies.
Type I collagen .alpha.-1 chain C-telopeptide: solution structure determined by 600-MHz proton NMR spectroscopy and implications for its role in collagen fibrillogenesis (1988)

The solution conformation of the alpha-1 chain C-telopeptide has been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and 600-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy in 60% CD3OH/40% H2O solution. The C-telopeptide contains 27 amino acids which form the C-terminal end of the alpha-1 collagen polypeptide chain. By the combined application of various two-dimensional, phase-sensitive NMR techniques (COSY, RELAY, NOESY, ROESY), a nearly complete assignment of all proton resonances was achieved. Furthermore, the backbone conformation could be established, on the basis of coupling constant and NOE data. The spectroscopic evidence indicates that large sections of the peptide exist in a nonrandom, extended conformation and that there are two segments of higher mobility around the two Gly-Gly units in positions 2,3 and 20,21. Despite these hingelike, flexible sections no measurable fold-back of any of the extended parts was evident. On the basis of this structure, a model is proposed for the simultaneous interaction of the C-telopeptide with two adjacent collagen triple helices within the growing collagen fibril.
Color holograms synthesis framework for three-dimensional scene reconstruction (2015)

We propose a complete framework for the synthesis of 3D holographic scene, combining multiple color holograms of different objects by applying adaptive transformations. In particular, it has been demonstrated that affine transformation of digital holograms can be employed to defocus and chromatic aberrations. By combining these two features we are able to synthesize a color scene where multiple objects are jointly multiplexed. Since holograms transformation could be introduce artifacts in the holographic reconstructions, principally related to the presence of speckle noise, we also implement a denoising step where the Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD) algorithm is employed. We test the proposed framework in two different scenario, i.e. by coding color three-dimensional scenes and joining different objects that are (i) experimentally recorded and (ii) obtained as color computer generated holograms (CCGH).
Waveguide birefringence measurement in a Ring resonator (2003)

A method for accurately measuring the effective index of a ring resonator waveguide mode is presented using its resonant characteristics. This approach is then used to measure the birefringence in an ion-exchanged ring resonator, and the effect of thermal annealing on the level of form birefringence.
High SLC20A1 Expression Indicates Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer (2023)

SLC20A1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer, and the recommended treatment for patients with high SLC20A1 expression is endocrine therapy.
On the design of a local switch for heterogenous multi-subsystem interconnect (2002)

Before heterogenous networks evolve to all-ATM, multimedia communications are likely to cross over different networks operated at various speeds and protocols. An effective multimedia interconnection network or the so called switching hub must be able to handle various traffic patterns such as continuous, isochronous and connectionless data. Due to the limitations of current implementation such as backplane bus and shared memory the authors present a new platform, multi-subsystem interconnect (MSI) model which is based on a parallel and fast packet switching technique. The main part of MSI is a time-multiplexed space division switching fabric with the capability of simultaneous path resolution and packet transfer. The whole structure consists of a set of reusable building blocks. In realization the interface hardware can be implemented with a few ASICs applicable for different subsystems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cell Wall Loosening by Expansins (1998)

In his 1881 book, The Power of Movement in Plants , Darwin described a now classic experiment in which he directed a tiny shaft of sunlight onto the tip of a grass seedling. The region below the coleoptile tip subsequently curved toward the light, leading to the notion of a transmissible growth
Microbial Production and Enzymatic Biosynthesis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Using Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 260 Isolated from Indonesian Fermented Foods (2020)

In the present study, we isolated and screened thirty strains of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Indonesian fermented foods. Two strains were able to convert monosodium glutamate (MSG) to GABA after 24 h of cultivation at 37 °C based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening. Proteomic identification and 16S rDNA sequencing using MALDI-TOF MS identified the strain as Lactobacillus plantarum designated as L. plantarum FNCC 260 and FNCC 343. The highest yield of GABA production obtained from the fermentation of L. plantarum FNCC 260 was 809.2 mg/L of culture medium after 60 h of cultivation. The supplementation of 0.6 mM pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) and 0.1 mM pyridoxine led to the increase in GABA production to 945.3 mg/L and 969.5 mg/L, respectively. The highest GABA production of 1226.5 mg/L of the culture medium was obtained with 100 mM initial concentration of MSG added in the cultivation medium. The open reading frame (ORF) of 1410 bp of the gadB gene from L. plantarum FNCC 260 encodes 469 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 53.57 kDa. The production of GABA via enzymatic conversion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) using purified recombinant glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from L. plantarum FNCC 260 expressed in Escherichia coli was found to be more efficient (5-fold higher within 6 h) than the production obtained from fermentation. L. plantarum FNCC 260 could be of interest for the synthesis of GABA.
Time-dependent changes in cerebral choline and acetylcholine induced by transient global ischemia in rats. (1991)

We occluded the carotid and vertebral arteries of 12 rats for 15 minutes to measure the brain concentrations of choline and acetylcholine and cerebral blood flow at the end of the ischemic period or 15, 30, or 150 minutes after circulation was reestablished. The animals were sacrificed with microwave radiation focused to the head immediately after a brief infusion of [14C]iodoantipyrine with rapid sampling of arterial blood. Brain tissue samples were extracted with ether to separate the tracer, which was subsequently measured by liquid scintillation counting and used to calculate local cerebral blood flow. The aqueous phase was then processed for the measurement of choline and acetylcholine concentrations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed a large increase in tissue choline content and a decrease in tissue acetylcholine content during ischemia. During recirculation, choline levels progressively declined, reaching levels lower than those in four control rats after 150 minutes of recirculation for most brain regions. A reciprocal relation between the brain choline concentration and local cerebral blood flow was found. Acetylcholine levels showed an initial rebound to greater than control during recirculation, with subsequent normalization. Brain acetylcholine concentration was positively correlated with brain choline concentration, provided that cerebral blood flow was greater than 0.3 ml x g-1 x min-1. Because tissue free choline was depleted in most brain regions 150 minutes after transient ischemia, we speculate that prolonged ischemia may produce a greater depletion of tissue free choline with a resulting decline in tissue acetylcholine. This could play an important role in the cognitive deficit associated with vascular dementia.
Retinoic acid induces expression of the interleukin‐1β gene in cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells and in human breast carcinoma lines (2002)

Retinoic acid (RA) and its derivatives inhibit the proliferation of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and some breast carcinoma lines by mechanisms which are not fully understood. To identify genes that mediate RA-induced cell growth arrest, an HMEC cDNA library was synthesized and subtractive screening was performed. We identified the interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) gene as an RA induced gene in HMEC. Northern blot analyses showed that the IL-1beta gene was up-regulated as early as 2 h after RA treatment. Results from the treatment of HMEC with cycloheximide and actinomycin D indicated that the regulation of the IL-1beta gene by RA occurred at the transcriptional level and that the IL-1beta gene is a direct, downstream target gene of RA. To evaluate the effects of IL-1beta on cell proliferation, the proliferation of HMEC was measured in the presence of RA or IL-1beta, or both. Either RA or IL-1beta could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HMEC. However, the addition of soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1ra) to the cell culture medium did not block RA-induced HMEC growth inhibition, whereas sIL-1ra did block the growth inhibition of HMEC by IL-1beta. IL-1beta expression was not observed in the three carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468, as compared to the HMEC. Growth curves of the breast carcinoma cell lines showed strong inhibitory effects of RA and IL-1beta on the growth of the estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 cell line, but only a small effect on the ER negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of the IL-1beta gene was also transcriptionally activated by RA in normal epithelial cells of prostate and oral cavity. Our results suggest that: (a) the IL-1beta gene is a primary target of RA receptors in HMEC; (b) the enhanced expression of the IL-1beta gene does not mediate the RA-induced growth arrest of HMEC; and (c) the expression of the IL-1beta gene is low or absent in all three human breast carcinoma cell lines examined, but the defect in the IL-1beta signaling pathway may be different in ER positive versus ER negative carcinoma cells.
Localized Cooling Device for Myocardial Tissue Salvage (2011)

The primary goal in treating heart attack is to restore blood flow to blocked areas of the heart. However, even after blood flow is restored, injury can occur as a result of a complex cascade of mechanisms following the reintroduction of flow, aptly referred to as reperfusion injury. Studies show that reperfusion injury is accountable for up to 50% of cell death following an ischemic period [1]. Adjunctive therapies are needed to reduce reperfusion injury.
A comparative study of model and measurement based voltage stability approaches (2015)

With the increasing complexity and advancements in the power system, several algorithms and tools have been developed to assess the voltage stability using synchrophasor measurements or system model or both. Several new algorithms have been proposed by researchers and some of them have been converted into commercial tools. Most of these algorithms have several advantages, but at the same time also have some limitations. Local synchrophasor measurement based algorithms are generally based on window based approach to estimate system parameters to compute proximity to voltage stability margin. Model based approach is suitable for offline and planning studies but may not be suitable for online real-time implementation. There are limited number of hybrid algorithms using measurements and model both, but more work need to be done to meet the accuracy and time-line requirements. This paper discusses about limitations of the existing online voltage stability algorithms in detail and the reasons for a need of fast and robust online voltage stability algorithm. A number of operating conditions have been modeled and simulated for standard IEEE test systems.
Astragalus Polysaccharide Inhibits Ionizing Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects by Regulating MAPK/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) (2018)

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by irradiated A549 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS A549 cells were irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays to obtain conditioned medium. BMSCs were incubated with the conditioned medium or APS. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGF-β were detected by ELISA. Cell survival, genomic instability, and DNA damages were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, the micronucleus test and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The protein and phosphorylation protein expression of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), P65, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bystander effect cells were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of COX-2 and ROS increased following stimulation with conditioned medium; this effect was inhibited by pre-exposing the cells to APS. BMSCs growth and colony formation rate decreased following stimulation with conditioned medium; this effect was suppressed by pre-exposing the cells to APS. In addition, the micronucleus rate and 53BP1 foci number increased after treatment with conditioned medium; this increase in BMSCs was inhibited by APS. The levels of phosphorylated p38, JNK, ERK1/2, NF-κB P65, and COX-2 proteins were increased by conditioned medium but were decreased by pre-treatment with APS. CONCLUSIONS RIBE in BMSCs induced by the irradiated A549 was mediated by the ROS in the conditioned medium and might be related to MAPK/NF-κB signal pathways in BMSCs. APS may block RIBE through regulating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.