gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of neuropeptides and amino acids in controlling secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland in pigs (2020)

All reproductive processes involve one or more of the protein hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland: LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). Primary hormones of reproduction, such as LH and FSH, directly regulate a reproductive activity. For example, LH and FSH stimulate follicular growth and the associated secretion of oestradiol in sows. In contrast, secondary hormones of reproduction such as TSH are permissive and regulate other physiological systems that indirectly, but profoundly, influence reproduction. Reproduction in pigs can be enhanced by developing strategies to alter and control secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. However, the successful manipulation of adenohypophysial hormone secretion will require a sound understanding of the mechanisms controlling the function of the hypothalamic—pituitary axis. Hypothalamic hormones including GrtRH, dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRI4) and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRI-I) are synthesized in perikarya that possess axons that terminate at the median eminence. These hormones are released into the hypothalamo—hypophysial portal vasculature, travel to the anterior pituitary gland and stimulate or inhibit secretion of adenohypophysial hormones. Secretion of hypothalamic hormones is ultimately controlled by a variety of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, the most studied in swine being the endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) and more recently, the excitatory amino acids (ExAA). In general, EOP inhibit GrtRH and hence LH secretion, and this effect involves the central catecholaminergic system. A definitive role for EOP in the modulation of FSH release remains to be determined. EOP stimulate secretion of GHRH and thus growth hormone release, and depending on the animal model studied, EOP exert either stimulatory or inhibitory influences on prolactin secretion. ExAA, working via N-methyl-o-aspartate (NINIDA) receptors at the central nervous system, stimulate secretion of LH, FSH, growth hormone and prolactin in appropriate animal models. However, in certain situations, an inhibitory effect of ExAA on LH secretion has been demonstrated. The modulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion by ExAA involves LOP. Research investigating the function of ExAA and EOP in the physiological control of swine reproduction warrants further scrutiny.
Synthesis and Execution of Communicative Robotic Movements with Generative Adversarial Networks (2022)

Object manipulation is a natural activity we perform every day. How humans handle objects can communicate not only the willfulness of the acting, or key aspects of the context where we operate, but also the properties of the objects involved, without any need for explicit verbal description. Since human intelligence comprises the ability to read the context, allowing robots to perform actions that intuitively convey this kind of information would greatly facilitate collaboration. In this work, we focus on how to transfer on two different robotic platforms the same kinematics modulation that humans adopt when manipulating delicate objects, aiming to endow robots with the capability to show carefulness in their movements. We choose to modulate the velocity profile adopted by the robots' end-effector, inspired by what humans do when transporting objects with different characteristics. We exploit a novel Generative Adversarial Network architecture, trained with human kinematics examples, to generalize over them and generate new and meaningful velocity profiles, either associated with careful or not careful attitudes. This approach would allow next generation robots to select the most appropriate style of movement, depending on the perceived context, and autonomously generate their motor action execution.
Computerized breath-by-breath analysis of respiratory variables during exercise. (1982)

An on-line analysis of respiration with a breath-by-breath method during exercise is presented. Special emphasis is given to the computer processing of signals for gas flow rate and for O2 and CO2 concentrations. The validity and reliability of the method to measure oxygen uptake (VO2) was tested by ten subjects in repeated tests. Mean oxygen uptake was 2.3% less with the computerized breath-by-breath method than with the Douglas-bag method which was used as reference. The breath-by-breath method is planned to be used primarily for evaluating the work capacity of healthy and disabled persons. However, in addition to being suitable for such routine uses, the method described also yields respiratory data whose analysis can be valuable in a variety of clinical and research work.
Hybrid Electron Linac With Standing and Travelling Wave Accelerating Sections (2016)

Hybrid electron linacs with standing and travelling wave accelerating sections are not well described in literature. Limited number of studies have shown that application of these systems makes it possible to develop a compact linac with high efficiency and simpler power system. Typically, these systems use well-studied bi-periodical accelerating structure (BAS) cells for a standing wave section and disc-loaded waveguides (DLW) for a traveling wave section. This paper describes the development of such system using DLW cells with magnetic coupling (DLW-M). Here BAS appears as an absorbing load connected to the DLW-M accelerating structure by rectangular waveguide allowing to have theoretical zero reflection at RF input. Such system also provides possibility of plain beam output energy adjustment. Studies of the structure were carried out using equivalent circuits methods and numerical 3D-modeling. Beam dynamics was calculated.
Bioleaching of Pyrite with <i>Leptospirillum ferrooxidans</i> (2000)

This paper describes quantitative evaluation of pyrite leaching with Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, an iron-oxidizing chemoautotroph without sulfur-oxidizing ability. Leaching experiments were carried out in shaking flasks. Massive pyrite was ground and sieved to obtain the size fraction between 20 and 37 micro meters. A pure culture of L. ferrooxidans (ATCC29047) and an enrichment culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were used for inoculum. Several sets of flasks containing inorganic nutrient medium, 1 % of the pyrite and the inoculum were prepared for each experiment. Every two days, one flask of the series was removed from the shaker for analysis. In the case of L. ferrooxidans, the bacterium grew in this condition and solubilized pyrite. Over 90 % of iron were dissolved from pyrite within 400 hours. With the progress of iron extraction, notable amount of sulfur particles was observed in SEM photomicrograph. Those particles attached to residual pyrite, but did not prevent pyrite dissolution. The major products of sulfur species in the pyrite degradation with L. ferrooxidans were elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid. Total amount of these two products corresponded with the amount of degraded sulfur calculated from dissolved iron in every sampling point. The molar fraction of elemental sulfur in total degraded sulfur was approximately 1 / 4 throughout the experiment. In contrast, the major product of sulfur species was sulfuric acid, and no elemental sulfur was detectable in the case of pyrite leaching by T. ferrooxidans.
Maduropeptin: An Antitumor Chromoprotein with Selective Protease Activity and DNA Cleaving Properties (1995)

Maduropeptin (MDP) is a recently isolated antitumor antibiotic, consisting of an enediyne-containing chromophore embedded in a highly acidic protein. This holoantibiotic damages duplex DNA in vitro, producing a mixture of single- and double-strand breaks at selected sites. The chromophore, isolated as the methanol adduct from the protein-containing holoantibiotic, exhibits the same selectivity and cleavage chemistry as the chromoprotein complex. Preliminary evidence suggests that the primary DNA breaks involve 4'-H abstraction from the deoxyribose sugars at the cleavage sites. Unlike most other enediyne antitumor antibiotics, DNA strand scission is not bioreductively induced by MDP or the methanol adduct of the chromophore. This was also observed for the C1027 chromophore. DNA cleavage is inhibited in the presence of certain cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) as was observed with the kedarcidin chromophore. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies on the methanol adduct of the maduropeptin chromophore in the presence of calcium chloride provide clues regarding its activation and give insight as to the regions of the chromophore important for DNA binding. Our results suggest that the solvent artifact of the chromophore may in essence be a prodrug and it regenerates the parent chromophore as in the holoantibiotic prior to cleaving DNA. As with kedarcidin and neocarzinostatin, maduropeptin exhibits a high affinity for histones, in vitro, cleaving them to low molecular mass peptides. Histone H1, the most opposite in net charge, is cleaved most readily. This latter activity may serve to disrupt the chromatin superstructure in vivo, prior to exposing the DNA to the chromophore.
The IDeaS initiative: pilot study to assess the impact of rare diseases on patients and healthcare systems (2021)

The overall findings were notable for: (1) RD patients are difficult to quantify in HCS using ICD coding search criteria, which likely results in under-counting and under-estimation of their true impact to HCS; (2) per patient direct medical costs of RD are high, estimated to be around three-fivefold higher than age-matched controls; and (3) preliminary evidence shows that diagnostic journeys are likely prolonged in many patients, and may result in progressive, irreversible, and costly complications of their disease CONCLUSIONS: The results of this small pilot suggest that RD have high medical burdens to patients and HCS, and collectively represent a major impact to the public health. Machine-learning strategies applied to HCS databases and medical records using sentinel disease and patient characteristics may hold promise for faster and more accurate diagnosis for many RD patients and should be explored to help address the high unmet medical needs of RD patients.
Soft Smart Garments for Lower Limb Joint Position Analysis (2017)

Detection of human movement requires lightweight, flexible systems to detect mechanical parameters (like strain and pressure) not interfering with user activity, and that he/she can wear comfortably. In this work we address such multifaceted challenge with the development of smart garments for lower limb motion detection, like a textile kneepad and anklet in which soft sensors and readout electronics are embedded for detecting movement of the specific joint. Stretchable capacitive sensors with a three-electrode configuration are built combining conductive textiles and elastomeric layers, and distributed at knee and ankle. They show an excellent behavior in the ~30% strain range, hence the correlation between their responses and the optically tracked Euler angles is allowed for basic lower limb movements. Bending during knee flexion/extension is detected, and it is discriminated from any external contact by implementing in real time a low computational algorithm. The smart anklet is designed to address joint motion detection in and off the sagittal plane. In this work, ankle dorsi/plantar flexion, adduction/abduction, and rotation are retrieved. Both smart garments show a high accuracy in movement detection, with a RMSE less than 4&amp;deg; in the worst case.
Electoral Cycles: Do they really fit the Data? (2001)

This paper provides a theoretical model of pre-electoral budget cycle and tests its empirical implications. Whenelections approach, incumbent policy-makers have an incentive to signal their competency by acting on economicvariables. Rational voters incorporate the knowledge of such mechanisms in their decisions, evaluatinggovernments on the basis of unexpected policy.Available data confirms the hypothesis that economies are manipulated during election years, but voters do not seem tobehave as predicted. Alteration of fiscal variables may be due to an attempt on the incumbent's part at influencingeconomic growth performance as opposed to an experiment in direct signalling .
Particle Deposition on Microporous Membranes Can Be Enhanced or Reduced by Salt Gradients (2014)

Colloidal particle deposition on membranes is a continuing scientific and technological challenge. In this paper we examine the role of a previously unexplored phenomenon-diffusiophoretic particle transport toward a membrane-in relation to fouling. Diffusiophoresis is an electrokinetic transport mechanism that arises in salt gradients, especially when the ions have different diffusion coefficients. Through experiments conducted with salt diffusing across microdialysis membranes, with no advection, we show experimentally that diffusiophoresis induces colloidal deposition on the surface of microporous surfaces. We used transient salt (NaCl, KCl, LiCl) gradients and fundamental electrokinetic modeling to assess the role of diffusiophoresis in colloidal fouling. Based on (i) difference in diffusion coefficients of ions, (ii) zeta potential on the particles, and (iii) ionic gradient applied across the walls of the membrane, colloidal fouling could be both quantitatively and qualitatively predicted. Our understanding enabled us to stop particle deposition by adding calcium carbonate outside the membrane, which generates a stronger electric field in a direction opposite to that created by salt diffusing from the membrane. We propose that accounting for this diffusiophoretic mode of particle deposition is important in understanding membrane fouling.
Aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor and aflibercept concentrations after bimonthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept for age‐related macular degeneration (2017)

Bimonthly aflibercept injections without loading doses may be considered a treatment option for age-related macular degeneration.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Lactacystin from D‐Glucose. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fibre-selective recording from peripheral nerves using a multiple-contact cuff: Report on pilot pig experiments (2011)

A single cuff electrode with multiple-contacts permits fibre selective recording from peripheral nerves. This has been demonstrated in frog nerve in vitro and earth worm before. In this paper we apply this method successfully to the peripheral median nerve of pig in vivo. Compound action potentials (CAPs) were electrically excited at the median nerve close to the wrist of the forelimb. The CAPs were recorded by a recording nerve cuff located proximal to the stimulation cuff. Applying simple mathematical routines allowed for generating a profile of nerve fibre activation as a function of propagation velocity.
Optimization of radiative heat transfer in hyperbolic metamaterials for thermophotovoltaic applications (2013)

Using our recently developed method we analyze the radiative heat transfer in micron-thick multilayer stacks of metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion. The metamaterials are especially designed for prospective thermophotovoltaic systems. We show that the huge transfer of near-infrared thermal radiation across micron layers of metamaterials is achievable and can be optimized. We suggest an approach to the optimal design of such metamaterials taking into account high temperatures of the emitting medium and the heating of the photovoltaic medium by the low-frequency part of the radiation spectrum. We show that both huge values and frequency selectivity are achievable for the radiative heat transfer in hyperbolic multilayer stacks.
Detecting and Distinguishing Sources of Sewage Pollution in Australian Inland and Coastal Waters and Sediments (1997)

Sewage pollution often causes public concern, and, therefore, assessment of fecal pollution with the traditionally used indicator microorganisms has been a standard monitoring approach. Molecular markers such as fecal sterols, however, may overcome shortcomings of the classical bacterial indicators. The principal human fecal sterol is coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol), whilst herbivore feces are dominated by C29 sterols (24-ethylcoprostanol and 24-ethylcholesterol). In a pilot investigation, combined fecal sterol and bacterial indicator measurements were used to distinguish fecal pollution from human, herbivore, domestic pet and bird inputs in inland waters during a rain event. Native birds were found to be a major source of the fecal pollution. In a further application of the molecular marker technique in marine waters, Sydney's coastal environment was surveyed before (1989) and after (1992 and 1993) commissioning of deep ocean outfalls in 1991. Most sites showed large increases in the amount of coprostanol present after commissioning of the deep ocean outfalls. Compared to the distribution in 1989, areas of highest concentration of coprostanol were observed further off-shore in 1992 and 1993, adjacent to the diffusers. Minimal dispersion was apparent to regions further off-shore. A decrease in the concentration of coprostanol in sediments in 1993 relative to 1992 reflects a decreased discharge of sludge. These findings suggest the molecular marker approach will be useful to determine future temporal changes in Sydney's coastal environment, including effects due to changing effluent disposal practices.
Use of Hydrotropic Solutions in Industry. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Hydrotropic Solutions in Industry.Ralph H. McKeeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 4, 382–384Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50436a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50436a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preferential Adsorption of Propylene over Propane on a Ag-Exchanged X-Type Zeolite Membrane (2020)

We investigated the adsorption properties of propylene and propane on an olefin-selective Ag-X membrane and discussed the contribution of adsorption selectivity to propylene/propane separation performance through this membrane. The isotherms of propylene and propane on Ag-X membranes were measured in unary systems at 313 K. The amount of propylene adsorbed on the Ag-X membrane at a lower pressure increased remarkably compared with that on the Na-X membrane. Such a change of adsorption property could induce excellent separation property for the Ag-X membrane. We compared the adsorption properties in a binary system calculated based on the Markham-Benton approach with the results of a permeation test. The molar fractions of propylene in the adsorbed phase in the binary system provided good agreement with propylene purity on the permeation side of the Ag-X membrane. These results clearly show that permeation selectivity of the Ag-X membrane for the propylene/propane mixture is mainly governed by adsorption selectivity.
Sex-based differences in veterans with pulmonary hypertension: Results from the veterans affairs-clinical assessment reporting and tracking database (2017)

Women have an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH) but better survival compared to men. Few studies have explored sex-based differences in population-based cohorts with PH. We sought to determine whether sex was associated with hemodynamics and survival in US veterans with PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] ≥ 25 mm Hg) from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking database. The relationship between sex and hemodynamics was assessed with multivariable linear mixed modeling. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare survival by sex for those with PH and precapillary PH (mPAP ≥ 25 mm Hg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure [PAWP] ≤ 15 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] > 3 Wood units) respectively. The study population included 15,464 veterans with PH, 516 (3%) of whom were women; 1,942 patients (13%) had precapillary PH, of whom 120 (6%) were women. Among those with PH, women had higher PVR and pulmonary artery pulse pressure, and lower right atrial pressure and PAWP (all p <0.001) compared with men. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics according to sex in veterans with precapillary PH. Women with PH had 18% greater survival compared to men with PH (adjusted HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.97, p = 0.020). Similarly, women with precapillary PH were 29% more likely to survive as compared to men with PH (adjusted HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98, p = 0.040). In conclusion, female veterans with PH have better survival than males despite higher pulmonary afterload.
Improved Semi-Supervised Learning with Multiple Graphs (2019)

We present a new approach for graph based semi-supervised learning
 based on a multi-component extension to the Gaussian MRF model. This
 approach models the observations on the vertices as jointly Gaussian
 with an inverse covariance matrix that is a weighted linear
 combination of multiple matrices. Building on randomized matrix
 trace estimation and fast Laplacian solvers, we develop fast and
 efficient algorithms for computing the best-fit (maximum likelihood)
 model and the predicted labels using gradient descent. Our model is
 considerably simpler, with just tens of parameters, and a single
 hyperparameter, in contrast with state-of-the-art approaches using
 deep learning techniques. Our experiments on benchmark citation
 networks show that the best-fit model estimated by our algorithm
 leads to significant improvements on all datasets compared to
 baseline models. Further, our
 performance compares favorably with several state-of-the-art methods
 on these datasets, and is comparable with the best performances.