gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition and automatic anatomy recognition of lymph node zones in the pelvis on CT images (2016)

Currently, unlike IALSC-defined thoracic lymph node zones, no explicitly provided definitions for lymph nodes in other body regions are available. Yet, definitions are critical for standardizing the recognition, delineation, quantification, and reporting of lymphadenopathy in other body regions. Continuing from our previous work in the thorax, this paper proposes a standardized definition of the grouping of pelvic lymph nodes into 10 zones. We subsequently employ our earlier Automatic Anatomy Recognition (AAR) framework designed for body-wide organ modeling, recognition, and delineation to actually implement these zonal definitions where the zones are treated as anatomic objects. First, all 10 zones and key anatomic organs used as anchors are manually delineated under expert supervision for constructing fuzzy anatomy models of the assembly of organs together with the zones. Then, optimal hierarchical arrangement of these objects is constructed for the purpose of achieving the best zonal recognition. For actual localization of the objects, two strategies are used &mdash; optimal thresholded search for organs and one-shot method for the zones where the known relationship of the zones to key organs is exploited. Based on 50 computed tomography (CT) image data sets for the pelvic body region and an equal division into training and test subsets, automatic zonal localization within 1&ndash;3 voxels is achieved.
Antiviral Effect of Ribavirin against HCV Associated with Increased Frequency of G-to-A and C-to-U Transitions in Infectious Cell Culture Model (2018)

Ribavirin (RBV) is a broad-spectrum antiviral active against a wide range of RNA viruses. Despite having been used for decades in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the precise mechanism of action of RBV is unknown. In other viruses, it inhibits propagation by increasing the rate of G-to-A and C-to-U transitions. Here, we utilized the J6/JFH1 HCV cell-culture system to investigate whether RBV inhibits HCV through the same mechanism. Infected Huh7.5 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of RBV or its phosphorylated forms. A fragment of the HCV NS5B-polymerase gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced to estimate genetic distances. We confirm that the antiviral effect of all three RBV-drug forms on HCV relies on induction of specific transitions (G-to-A and C-to-U). These mutations lead to generation of non-infectious virions, reflected by decreased spread of HCV in cell culture despite relatively limited effect on virus genome titers. Moreover, treatment experiments conducted on a novel Huh7.5 cell line stably overexpressing adenosine kinase, a key enzyme for RBV activation, yielded comparable results. This study indicates that RBV action on HCV in hepatoma cell-culture is exerted through increase in mutagenesis, mediated by RBV triphosphate, and leading to production of non-infectious viruses.
The symbolic computation and automatic analysis of trajectories (1991)

Research was generally done on computation of trajectories of dynamical systems, especially control systems. Algorithms were further developed for rewriting expressions involving differential operators. The differential operators involved arise in the local analysis of nonlinear control systems. An initial design was completed of the system architecture for software to analyze nonlinear control systems using data base computing.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom Transfer Addition and Annulation Reactions of Iodomalonates. (1990)

Abstract Sunlamp irradiation of the iodomalonates (I) and the hexenes (II) in the presence of hexabutylditin yields the iodoalkylmalonates (IV).
Three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of Circular Cylinder Wake Transition in Gas Particle Flow (2006)

Direct numerical simulation is employed to investigate circular cylinder wake transition in gas particle flow. High accuracy compact finite difference method is used to solved the N-S equations directly.Lagrangian approach is employed to trace particles with different Stokes number (0.01,1,10).Particle-wall collision is simulated by elastic collision model.Influence of two modes of coherent structures to particle phase is importantly researched.And impact of different Stokes number is analyzed.The simulated results show that the particle dispersion patterns are still strongly dependent on the two different vortex modes.Under the same Stokes number,the dispersion ratio of transverse direction and spanwise direction in mode B is higher than that of mode A. While under the same Reynolds number,the larger Stokes number is,the less dispersion ratio of transverse direction is and the more of spanwise direction.
Remissvar: Slutbetänkandet Genetik, integritet och etik (SOU 2004:20) (2004)

Syftet med förslagen är att säkra att genetisk information inte missbrukas eller används i diskriminerande syfte, men utredningsuppdraget täcker även grundläggande etiska frågeställningar i samband med den framväxande genteknologin. Fakultetsstyrelsen har i tidigare remissvar understrukit behovet av att de etiska frågeställningarna i anslutning till genteknologin blir föremål för en djupgående och inträngande analys (yttrande 1996-08-12 till Ds 1996:13). Med föreliggande utredning om genetik, integritet och etik har fakultetens önskemål besvarats utförligt. I allt väsentligt kan fakultetsstyrelsen ansluta sig till de ställningstaganden utredningen gör och de konkreta förslag utredningen når fram till. De förefaller väl anpassade till den allmänna svenska debatten och den internationella utvecklingen.
Tracking Ca 2+ ATPase intermediates in real time by x-ray solution scattering (2020)

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup> ATPase (SERCA) transporters regulate calcium signaling by active calcium ion reuptake to internal stores. Structural transitions associated with transport have been characterized by x-ray crystallography, but critical intermediates involved in the accessibility switch across the membrane are missing. We combined time-resolved x-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for real-time tracking of concerted SERCA reaction cycle dynamics in the native membrane. The equilibrium [Ca<sub>2</sub>]E1 state before laser activation differed in the domain arrangement compared with crystal structures, and following laser-induced release of caged ATP, a 1.5-ms intermediate was formed that showed closure of the cytoplasmic domains typical of E1 states with bound Ca<sup>2+</sup> and ATP. A subsequent 13-ms transient state showed a previously unresolved actuator (A) domain arrangement that exposed the ADP-binding site after phosphorylation. Hence, the obtained TR-XSS models determine the relative timing of so-far elusive domain rearrangements in a native environment.
Spectral analysis by analogue time correlation of light scattered from macromolecule solutions (1972)

The effect of the detector time response function on the photocurrent autocorrelation function obtained by an analogue time correlation light-beating spectrometer has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. For the spectrum of light scattered from a dilute solution of spherical macromolecules, the photocurrent autocorrelation function is calculated to consist of two exponentials, this has been experimentally verified. With variation of the time constant of the photomultiplier anode circuit, it is possible to estimate the intensity of the scattered light.
Glycosaminoglycans and Outflow Pathways of the Eye and Brain (1985)

The etiology of the majority of defects of the outflow pathways of aqueous humor (glaucoma) and cerebrospinal fluid absorption (hydrocephalus) is unknown. A considerable amount of evidence indicates that glycosaminoglycans have a role in regulating fluid movement through connective tissues such as the trabecular meshwork of the eye and the arachnoid of the brain. Both the eye and the brain outflow pathways have hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate within the filtration barrier. The physiological significance of glycosaminoglycans in the outflow pathways may be their ability to form highly viscous and elastic gel-like solutions that function as a selective biological gel filtration system, which maintains normal intraocular and intracranial pressure. We suggest that glycosaminoglycans may act to maintain the unidirectional character, low-flow fluid movement, and pressure gradient between the trabecular lamellae and the drainage channels of the eye and the brain. This review of the outflow pathways of the eye and the brain discusses the cell biology of glycosaminoglycans in regulating normal aqueous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid absorption.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α‐Branched Allylsilanes. (1989)

Abstract The E‐configurated allylic silanes (I) are consecutively treated with a mixture of butyllithium and potassium tert‐butoxide (Schlosser's base) and an alkyl iodide (II), yielding the α‐ (III) and γ‐alkylated derivatives (IV) with predominance of (III).
Internalization of a Preformed Atomically Precise Silver Cluster in Proteins by Multistep Events and Emergence of Luminescent Counterparts Retaining Bioactivity (2019)

A new synthetic protocol is introduced which preserves the secondary structure of protecting proteins encapsulating a luminescent atomically-precise silver cluster. This was achieved by using a preformed triphenylphosphine (TPP)-protected silver cluster as the precursor forming bovine serum albumin (BSA)- and human serum albumin (HSA)-protected Ag₁₈ clusters. This is the first example of the formation of luminescent protein-protected clusters in a neutral medium, without using any reducing agent, which results in minimal alteration of the protein structure during cluster growth. The cluster formed showed exceptional stability, unlike other silver clusters of this class. The formation of these red luminescent clusters was visualized by UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The identification of Ag₁₈ core was made through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), and a plausible mechanism of the formation was identified by monitoring the systematic growth of the cluster core by time-dependent MALDI MS experiments and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) of the reaction mixture. The cluster was successfully employed as a luminescent probe for cancer cell imaging. Retention of protein conformation in the clusters was confirmed through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and the same was reflected in the retention of 89% of the esterase activity of BSA in the Ag₁₈@BSA clusters synthesized by this method, compared to only 28.7% for AgQC@BSA clusters synthesized using previous protocols, conducted in basic medium.
Targeting the renin-angiotensin system in patients with renal disease (2002)

The rationale for use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with proteinuria or established renal impairment is in general twofold—first, to slow the progression of renal disease, by reducing blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria or by other renoprotective mechanisms; second, to lessen the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with chronic renal disease and with one of its leading causes, diabetes. This review highlights the evidence for and against targeting the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of patients with different types of nephropathy. Findings from the major studies are summarized in Table 1.



Table 1

Summary of major trials investigating renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs
Dynamic Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Parts using FEA Simulation (2019)

The goal of this paper is to evaluate internal defects in additively manufactured (AM) parts using FEA simulation. The resonant frequencies of parts are determined by the stiffness and mass involved in the mode shape at each resonant frequency. Voids in AM parts will change the stiffness and mass therefore shift the resonant frequencies from nominal. This paper will investigate the use of FEA to determine how much a void size, shape, and location will change the resonant frequencies. Along with where the optimal input and response locations are in order to find these frequency changes. The AM part evaluated in this work includes a common tensile bar and hammer shaped part evaluated individually and as a set of parts that are still attached to the build plate.
Las actividades de aprendizaje y su contribución en el desarrollo competencial en investigación educativa: el caso del grado de Pedagogía de la UB (2016)

Este trabajo parte de la premisa que la formación universitaria en el nuevo marco del EEES sólo es posible a partir del trabajo coordinado de las diferentes asignaturas. Desde esta perspectiva se ha llevado a cabo una investigación que pretende conocer ¿qué actividades de aprendizaje&lt;br /&gt;se están llevando a cabo en el conjunto de asignaturas del itinerario de formación en investigación educativa?, ¿qué nivel de logro pretenden?, ¿los estudiantes las perciben útiles para la adquisición de las competencias? El estudio, de carácter descriptivo, se realiza en el grado de Pedagogía de la UB y se sitúa en cuarto curso, permitiendo, de esta manera, obtener una visión longitudinal de la formación desde la visión contrastada del profesorado y alumnado. Participan los 17 profesores que imparten docencia en el área y una muestra de 177 estudiantes (68% de la población). Se utilizan estrategias de recogida de información cualitativas (instrumento de respuesta abierta y grupos de discusión) y cuantitativa (cuestionario&lt;br /&gt;de valoración). Los resultados presentan una secuencia lógica de actividades de aprendizaje en coherencia con el desarrollo competencial. Las actividades de aprendizaje que más impactan y se perciben como más útiles en el desarrollo de las competencias son las que potencian&lt;br /&gt;habilidades de pensamientos de mayor complejidad.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REDUCIBILITY OF HOMO‐2‐METHOXYAZOCINES AND THEIR BENZO‐FUSED DERIVATIVES. AN EXAMINATION OF HETEROATOMIC INFLUENCES ON THE POSSIBLE GENERATION OF 9C‐10Π HOMOAROMATIC DIANIONS (1979)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Kalium erhält man aus dem Azocin (I) über ein Dianion mit Methylenchlorid isomere Cyclopropane (II) und (III), die nur bei niederer Temperatur beständig sind.
Three Coupled Waveguide Sagnac Loop Reflectors for High Performance Integrated Optical Filters (2020)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;We theoretically investigate advanced multi-functional integrated photonic filters formed by three waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (3WC-SLRs). By tailoring the coherent mode interference, the spectral response of the 3WC-SLR resonators is engineered to achieve diverse filtering functions with high performance. These include optical analogues of Fano resonances that yield ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges, and classical Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev, and elliptic filters. A detailed analysis of the impact of the structural parameters and fabrication tolerances is provided to facilitate device design and optimization. The requirements for practical applications are also considered. These results theoretically verify the effectiveness of using 3WC-SLR resonators as multi-functional integrated photonic filters for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes: Single Component Catalyst and Mechanistic Studies (2017)

An aerobic oxidation of aldehydes towards carboxylic acids in MeCN using 1 atm of pure oxygen or oxygen in air as the oxidant and a catalytic amount of single component catalyst, Fe(NO 3 ) 3 · 9H 2 O, has been developed. Carboxylic acids with different synthetically useful functional groups were obtained at room temperature. Two mechanistic pathways have been proposed based on isotopic labeling, NMR monitoring, and control experiments. The practicality of this reaction has been demonstrated by conducting several 50 mmol‐scale reactions using pure oxygen or an air‐flow of ~30 mL/min.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Horseshoe Kidney Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (1979)

The first case of a renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease is reported. Manifestations of the disease process as well as important points concerning the urological care of these patients are discussed.
Environmentally Friendly Chemoselective Oxidation of Primary Aliphatic Amines by Using a Biomimetic Electrocatalytic System (2007)

Environmentally friendly oxidation of primary aliphatic amines to imines has been successfully achieved, under metal-free conditions, by the use of diverse electrogenerated o-azaquinone mediators. High catalytic performance, together with high chemoselectivity, were observed with electron-poor o-azaquinone catalysts generated from 2-aminoresorcinol derivatives. Similar to copper amine oxidase enzymes, these mediators exhibited lower reactivity toward alpha-branched primary amines and no reactivity toward secondary amines. In the case of 3,4-aminophenol derivatives lacking a 2-hydroxy group, the generated o-azaquinone species failed to catalyze the oxidation of the amine to the corresponding imine. Further mechanistic considerations allowed a rationalization of the crucial role of the 2-hydroxy group in converting a catalytically inert species into a highly effective biomimetic catalyst.
RECURRENT EROSION (1988)

*From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN †From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
Hybridization of MEMS and Assisted GPS for Pedestrian Navigation (2007)

Exploration of hybrid inertial/GPS systems to provide continuous positioning through varying environments represents a growing field of interest to researchers. In particular, first responders and public safety professional would like to see robust systems that can operate indoors. This article describes work under way to develop a pedestrian navigation system based on inertial sensors and an assisted GNSS receiver. Special attention is paid to efforts being made in "gait analysis" to fine-tune the behavior of the inertial sensors as well as the stochastic models used in the system.
Pregabalin effects on neural response to emotional faces (2012)

Pregabalin has shown promise in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate agents used to treat anxiety, e.g., SSRIs and benzodiazepines, attenuate amygdala, insula, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation during emotional processing. Our prior study has shown that during anticipation of an emotional stimulus, pregabalin attenuates amygdala and insula activation but increases medial PFC activation. In this study, we examined whether, similar to SSRIs and benzodiazepines, pregabalin attenuates amygdala, insula, and medial PFC during emotional face processing. Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent a double-blind within-subjects fMRI study investigating effects of placebo, 50 mg, and 200 mg pregabalin on neural activation during an emotional face-matching task. Linear mixed model analysis revealed that pregabalin dose-dependently attenuated left amygdala activation during fearful face-matching and left anterior insula activation during angry face-matching. The 50 mg dose exhibited more robust effects than the 200 mg dose in the right anterior insula and ventral ACC. Thus, pregabalin shares some similarity to SSRIs and benzodiazepines in attenuating anger and fear-related insula and amygdala activation during emotional face processing. However, there is evidence that a subclinical 50 mg dose of pregabalin produced more robust and widespread effects on neural responses in this paradigm than the more clinically relevant 200 mg dose. Taken together, pregabalin has a slightly different effect on brain activation as it relates to anticipation and emotional face processing, which may account for its unique characteristic as an agent for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Performance analysis of relay systems under cascaded Nakagami channels (2009)

In this paper, error performance of a cooperative relay system using amplify and forward method is investigated when channels between source, relay and destination have cascaded Nakagami distribution. General pairwise error probability of the system is derived and effective and asymptotic diversity orders are investigated for some special cases. Bit error probability curves are obtained by computer simulations.
Towards a provenance-aware spatial-temporal architectural framework for massive data integration and analysis (2016)

Spatial-temporal computing refers to the modeling, management, and analysis of spatial and temporal information. Despite the recent advances in massive data manipulation, software system approaches that support the massive spatial-temporal data integration and analysis still face numerous challenges, including the lack of: (i) a high-level architectural framework for massive data integration and analysis; (ii) explicit integration and analysis abstractions; (iii) representations of integration and analysis resources; (iv) explicit provenance representation; (v) reusability of integration and analysis steps; (vi) reproducibility of studies; and (vii) models to build and customize integration and analysis applications. This paper proposes the design and implementation of a high-level domain-specific architecture for data integration and analysis that supports building applications in the spatial-temporal domain. The proposed approach describes three types of first-class citizens, which include abstractions to represent data sources, analysis models, and integration operations. It also benefits from domain-specific languages (DSLs) for high-level representations. To make provenance explicit, the proposed approach identifies three types of provenance information, namely description, analysis, and execution, which help to address reusability and reproducibility. Finally, this approach also supports a model-driven technique to generate integration and analysis steps.