gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuro-fuzzy models, BELRFS and LoLiMoT, for prediction of chaotic time series (2012)

This paper suggests a novel learning model for prediction of chaotic time series, brain emotional learning-based recurrent fuzzy system (BELRFS). The prediction model is inspired by the emotional learning system of the mammal brain. BELRFS is applied for predicting Lorenz and Ikeda time series and the results are compared with the results from a prediction model based on local linear neuro-fuzzy models with linear model tree algorithm (LoLiMoT).
Joint Robotics Program (JRP)-supported efforts at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego (2006)

The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego) is conducting a number of robotic research, development, evaluation, fielding, and combat-support missions and projects in support of Joint Robotics Program (JRP) goals. These include: Man-Portable Robotic System, Unmanned Surface Vessel, Automatically Deployed Communication Relays, Autonomous UAV Mission System, Robotic Systems Pool, Family of Integrated Rapid Response Equipment, and the Technology Transfer project. This paper summarizes the recent accomplishments and current status of these efforts, many of which are individually presented in more detail elsewhere at this conference.
Non-linear Viscoelastic and Physical Ageing Characterisation of Thermoset PR-500 Epoxy Resin (2004)

It is now well known that because of their polymeric matrices (and sometimes their use of viscoelastic fibres) structural polymer composites can exhibit creep or stress relaxation behaviour, leading to delayed failure long after the initial design and fabrication process. In addition, these time-dependent viscoelastic properties are significantly influenced by the sub-T physical ageing of these materials. Therefore any durability study of polymer composites for elevated use-temperature applications should address both the nonlinear viscoelastic response and the physical ageing effect of the constituents. The material nonlinearity in the resin has a ‘softening’ effect whereas physical ageing causes polymers to become stiffer and more brittle with age, increasing the likelihood of the more rapid progression of various damage states. Therefore, coupled material nonlinear and physical ageing conditions should be analysed to predict which effect would dominate under the applied loads and duration of loading. The primary objective of this paper is to present an experimental investigation of the nonlinear viscoelastic response of the PR500 resin at various stress levels. Also, the physical ageing characterisation results for a set of temperature and stress conditions are summarised. The properties summarised were successfully used in a multi-scale micro-mechanical methodology 1 , to study the AS4/PR500 five-harness satin woven-fibre composite laminate. PR500 is the polymer matrix that was modelled using the data presented here.
Inferring aliasing and encapsulation properties for java (2007)

There are many proposals for language techniques to control aliasing and encapsulation in object oriented programs, typically based on notions of object ownership and pointer uniqueness. Most of these systems require extensive manual annotations, and thus there is little experience with these properties in large, existing Java code bases. To remedy this situation, we present Uno, a novel static analysis for automatically inferring ownership, uniqueness, and other aliasing and encapsulation properties in Java. Our analysis requires no annotations, and combines an intraprocedural points-to analysis with an interprocedural, demand-driven predicate resolution algorithm. We have applied Uno to a variety of Java applications and found that some aliasing properties, such as temporarily lending a reference to a method, are common, while others, in particular field and argument ownership, are relatively uncommon. As a result, we believe that Uno can be a valuable tool for discovering and understanding aliasing and encapsulation in Java programs.
Whey Protein Reduces Early Life Weight Gain in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet (2013)

An increasing number of studies indicate that dairy products, including whey protein, alleviate several disorders of the metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the effects of whey protein isolate (whey) in mice fed a high-fat diet hypothesising that the metabolic effects of whey would be associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition. Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet ad libitum for 14 weeks with the protein source being either whey or casein. Faeces were collected at week 0, 7, and 13 and the fecal microbiota was analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses of PCR-derived 16S rRNA gene (V3-region) amplicons. At the end of the study, plasma samples were collected and assayed for glucose, insulin and lipids. Whey significantly reduced body weight gain during the first four weeks of the study compared with casein (P<0.001-0.05). Hereafter weight gain was similar resulting in a 15% lower final body weight in the whey group relative to casein (34.0±1.0 g vs. 40.2±1.3 g, P<0.001). Food intake was unaffected by protein source throughout the study period. Fasting insulin was lower in the whey group (P<0.01) and glucose clearance was improved after an oral glucose challenge (P<0.05). Plasma cholesterol was lowered by whey compared to casein (P<0.001). The composition of the fecal microbiota differed between high- and low-fat groups at 13 weeks (P<0.05) whereas no difference was seen between whey and casein. In conclusion, whey initially reduced weight gain in young C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet compared to casein. Although the effect on weight gain ceased, whey alleviated glucose intolerance, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced plasma cholesterol. These findings could not be explained by changes in food intake or gut microbiota composition. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of whey.
Evolving Technological Capabilities of Firms; Patterns of Complexity, Divergence, and Stagnation in Corporate Invention (2018)

The ability of firms to develop new technological knowledge is considered essential for firms’ long-term performance. This study addresses the evolving technological capabilities of all large multinational firms in order to understand patterns of increasing complexity of the knowledge base of firms. We first establish how the composition of the global patent portfolio of the world's top 2000 R&amp;D performing companies. In general, the entry of technologies of firms can be explained by their relatedness to the existing technological portfolio. Related technologies are more likely to enter the portfolio of a firm than unrelated technologies. We find indications that technological progress of the global knowledge base is slowing as indicated by a relative increase in incremental recombinant innovation. Furthermore, we observe that the knowledge base of firms is characterized by increasing complexity and diversity. However, differences among firms and sectors are pronounced. New public policy lessons can be articulated.
Explanation-Guided Reward Alignment (2023)

Agents often need to infer a reward function from observations to learn desired behaviors. However, agents may infer a reward function that does not align with the original intent because there can be multiple reward functions consistent with its observations. Operating based on such misaligned rewards can be risky. Furthermore, black-box representations make it difficult to verify the learned rewards and prevent harmful behavior. We present a framework for verifying and improving reward alignment using explanations and show how explanations can help detect misalignment and reveal failure cases in novel scenarios. The problem is formulated as inverse reinforcement learning from ranked trajectories. Verification tests created from the trajectory dataset are used to iteratively validate and improve reward alignment. The agent explains its learned reward and a tester signals whether the explanation passes the test. In cases where the explanation fails, the agent offers alternative explanations to gather feedback, which is then used to improve the learned reward. We analyze the efficiency of our approach in improving reward alignment using different types of explanations and demonstrate its effectiveness in five domains.
The Medicinal and Antitumor Mushroom, Agaricus Blazei Murill, Activates NF-κB Via TLR2 but Not TLR4 In Monocytic Cells, and Stimulates Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (MDDC) to Increased Cell Surface Marker Expression and Cytokine Production, and May Thus Have Adjuvant Effect In MDDC Cancer Vaccines (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3904 Agaricus bM (AbM) is an edible Basidiomycetes mushroom from Brazilian rain forest that is used in traditional medicine against cancer and other diseases. It is rich in immunomodulating substances like β-glucans and is shown to inhibit tumors and adjuvate hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine in mouse models. Previously, we have found that an AbM-based (82%) extract, AndoSan™, additionally containing Basidiomycetes mushrooms Hericium erinaceum and Grifola frondosa, also protected against gram positive and gram-negative sepsis and allergy in mice. Now, to examine the mechanisms behind AbM's biological effects and to see whether it is beneficial as adjuvant in DC cancer vaccines, cellular surface markers on stimulated MDDC were studied by flow cytometry and cytokine production by a 17-plex Luminex system. Transcription factor NF-kB activation, which is linked to cytokine production, cell cyclus regulation and more, was then determined by a luciferase assay system and western blotting as translocation of NF-kB from cytosol to nucleus in AbM stimulated promonocytic THP-1 cells and in HEK293 cells, transfected with CD14/MD2 and TLR2 or TLR4. In both cell lines, AbM induced NF-kB activation via TLR2, but inhibited such activation induced via TLR4. After 24h incubation of MDDC with AndoSan™, there was down-regulated CD11c, de novo CD69 and enhanced CD86 expression on the cells, as well as increased levels in the culture supernatants of cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, IFNγ and G-SCF. Moreover, when this mixed mushroom extract was added as adjuvant to a DC melanoma vaccine, there was increased proliferation (H3-thymidine incorporation) of cancer-peptide-specific T cells. We conclude that in monocytes and probably also MDDC, AbM activates transcription factor NF-kB via TLR2 stimulation but inhibits such activation induced via the LPS receptor, TLR4. In MDDC the AbM-based extract AndoSan™ induced differential expression of cell surface markers for cell adhesion, activation and antigen presentation, and increased production of a leukocyte growth factor and proinflammatory, chemotactic and some Th1-type but not Th2-type cytokines in vitro. This may explain some of the known antitumor properties of AbM and its effect against infection and allergy. Since preliminary data suggest that the AbM-based extract, AndoSan™, may also have positive adjuvant effect in MDDC-based cancer vaccine, it will be tested further ex vivo and in clinical trials with cancer patients subjected to such DC vaccines. Disclosures: Hetland: Immunpharma AS: Patents &amp; Royalties, Research Funding. Tangen:Immunopharma AS: Research Funding. Johnson:Immunopharma AS: Patents &amp; Royalties.
Placebo-Controlled Fracture Trials in Osteoporosis — Comment on the Article by Stein and Ray (2010)

We agree with some of the points made by Stein and Ray but disagree about their conclusions. As clinicians, we recognize that fractures reduce the quality of life of patients with osteoporosis and increase the risk of coexisting conditions. Hence, we believe it is not ethical to randomly assign high-risk patients to receive placebo in a trial, nor do we believe that approval by an institutional review board or informed consent from the patient automatically makes a trial ethical. We also agree that physicians should not recruit their own patients into trials. However, we disagree on several points. First, although . . .
Carrier- and strain-tunable intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional MAX3 transition metal chalcogenides (2020)

We present a density functional theory study of the carrier-density and strain dependence of magnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) ${MAX}_{3}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(M$ = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; $A$ = Si, Ge, Sn; and $X$ = S, Se, Te) transition metal trichalcogenides. Our ab initio calculations show that this class of compounds includes wide and narrow gap semiconductors, metals, and half-metals, and that most of these compounds are magnetic. Although antiferromagnetic order is most common, ferromagnetism is predicted in $M{\mathrm{SiSe}}_{3}$ for $M$ = Mn and Ni; in $M{\mathrm{SiTe}}_{3}$ for $M$ = V and Ni; in ${\mathrm{MnGeSe}}_{3}$; $M{\mathrm{GeTe}}_{3}$ for $M$ = Cr, Mn, and Ni; in ${\mathrm{FeSnS}}_{3}$; and in $M{\mathrm{SnTe}}_{3}$ for $M$ = V, Mn, and Fe. Among these compounds ${\mathrm{CrGeTe}}_{3},{\mathrm{VSnTe}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{CrSnTe}}_{3}$ are ferromagnetic semiconductors. Our calculations suggest that the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic order can be substantially altered by strain engineering, and in the semiconductor case also by gating. The associated critical temperatures can be enhanced by means of carrier doping and strains.
Apc Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Egfr Activity in the Intestinal Enterocytes and Adenomas of C57BL/6J-Min/+ Mice (2004)

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its increased tyrosine kinase activity are implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and malignant progression. The C57BL/6J-Min/+ (Min/+) mouse is a model for CRC and develops numerous intestinal adenomas. We analyzed the normal mucosa of Min/+ and Apc+/+ (WT) littermate mice together with Apc-null adenomas to gain insight into the roles of Egfr in these intestinal tissues. Protein analyses showed that Egfr activity was highest in the tumors, and also up-regulated in Min/+ relative to WT enterocytes. Expression of ubiquitylated Egfr (Egfr-Ub) was increased in Min/+ enterocytes and tumors. Tumors exhibited increased association of Egfr with clathrin heavy chain (CHC), Gab1, and p85alpha, the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and tumors also overexpressed c-Src, PDK1, and Akt. Immunohistochemistry for Akt-p-Ser473 revealed a low level of this active kinase in Min/+ and WT enterocytes and its strong presence in tumors. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a product of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) activity that is up-regulated in Min/+ tumors and transactivates Egfr. PGE2 expression was significantly higher in untreated Min/+ tumors and reduced by treatment with the Cox-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. Dietary administration of this NSAID also inhibited Egfr activity in tumors. Increased activation of the EGFR-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in tumors relative to Apc+/+ and ApcMin/+ enterocytes provides potential opportunities for therapeutic interventions to differentially suppress tumor formation, promotion, progression, and/or recurrence.
A new surface effect exhibited by the ferroelectric YMnO3 (1972)

It is shown that on 001 surface of as-grown monocrystalline YMnO3 c platelets there exists a ferroelectric layer which has a c parameter slightly different from that of the bulk and which contains a large amount of bismuth coming from the growth flux.Some properties of this layer are investigated using 'ferroelectric X-ray anomalous scattering effect' and pyroelectric effect.Consequences of these results are discussed.
Characterisation of mental health conditions in social media using Informed Deep Learning (2017)

The number of people affected by mental illness is on the increase and with it the burden on health and social care use, as well as the loss of both productivity and quality-adjusted life-years. Natural language processing of electronic health records is increasingly used to study mental health conditions and risk behaviours on a large scale. However, narrative notes written by clinicians do not capture first-hand the patients' own experiences, and only record cross-sectional, professional impressions at the point of care. Social media platforms have become a source of 'in the moment' daily exchange, with topics including well-being and mental health. In this study, we analysed posts from the social media platform Reddit and developed classifiers to recognise and classify posts related to mental illness according to 11 disorder themes. Using a neural network and deep learning approach, we could automatically recognise mental illness-related posts in our balenced dataset with an accuracy of 91.08% and select the correct theme with a weighted average accuracy of 71.37%. We believe that these results are a first step in developing methods to characterise large amounts of user-generated content that could support content curation and targeted interventions.
In Vitro GDF15 Expression During Thalassemic Erythroid Differentiation and Maturation (2011)

Abstract Abstract 5285 INTRODUCTION: The growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is thought to be related to ineffective or apoptotic erythropoiesis. GDF-15 levels were found to be significantly elevated in sera of patients with β thalassemia major (TM), however little is known about the GDF15 expression during thalassemic erythropoiesis. Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia intermedia (NTDT) represents the model of thalassemic erythropoiesis not affected by transfusions. AIM: To determine the GDF15 gene expression profile during normal and thalassemic erythroid differentiation in standard cultures and under different iron conditions, from CD34+ of normal and thalassemia intermedia subjects. METHODS: After informed consent, the CD34+ cells were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and from patients with NTDT by positive selection using anti-CD34-tagged magnetic beads and cultured for 14 days with a medium containing stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin to induce erythroid differentiation. Each culture was split in 3 flasks: standard condition, with addition of deferoxamine (DFO 4 mM) as iron chelating agent and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC 100 mM) at day 0 of culture. The expression profiling of GDF15 gene was evaluated at baseline, day 7 and day 14 by real-time PCR (2̂-dCt). GDF15 concentrations in culture supernatants were also evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using DuoSet Sandwich ELISA Kit (R&amp;D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). RESULTS: GDF15 expression and secretion increased significantly during erythroid differentiation either in normal and in NTDT cultures. At day 14 in thalassemia intermedia cultures GDF15 expression as well as the concentrations in supernatant were higher (althoug not statistically significant) compared to control (Table 1). At day 14 in control cultures GDF15 expression is up-regulated by DFO and down-regulated by FAC addition. In NTDT GDF15 expression was influenced by iron addition in cultures, but was not increased by iron depletion (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS: GDF15 levels in erythroid cultures are related to the erythropoietic stage of differentiation. In NTDT cultures the GDF15 gene profile and protein levels in supernatants are higher than in normal cultures. GDF15 levels seem to be modulated by iron in normal cultures whereas in NTDT cultures they seem to be independent from iron availability. This in vitro study supports that signals different than iron, such as erythropoietic stress, could be the major factor regulating GDF15 expression. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
60 GHz sources using optically driven HBTs (2003)

Millimeter-wave sources at 60 GHz have been demonstrated using optically driven heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) configured as photodetectors. Two techniques were used to optically generate the millimeter waves: the mixing of two continuous wave lasers and the mode locking of a semiconductor laser. The millimeter-wave power generated from these two configurations was radiated into free-space using integrated planar twin dipole antennas and heterodyne detected with signal to noise ratios>40 dB. As part of these experiments, the DC optical gain and quantum efficiency of the HBT photodetectors were determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modulation response in isolator-free MOPA and injection-locked laser configurations (2008)

Modulation response in injection-locked lasers is investigated with optical isolation between master and slave lasers removed. A strong-coupling theory shows that recently demonstrated modulation response enhancement can be maintained in a significantly more compact device.
Three-dimensional lower-limb kinematics during undulatory underwater swimming (2021)

The three-dimensional (3D) motion of lower-limb joints is evaluated during various sports. However, few studies have reported the 3D lower-limb joint movement during undulatory underwater swimming (UUS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 3D lower-limb kinematics and forward-swimming velocity during UUS at maximal velocity. A total of 26 male international- and national-level swimmers were assessed during UUS using a motion-capture system. The 3D angle and angular velocity of the lower-limb joints were calculated and relationships between forward-swimming velocity, angle, and angular velocity were investigated using correlation analysis. The peak angular velocities of hip internal and external rotation were significantly correlated with forward-swimming velocity (r = .48, p = .01 and r =<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:math>.74, p < .01, respectively). Peak hip internal rotation was observed at the middle of down-kicking (25% kick cycle, 243<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>/s), whereas peak external rotation was observed at the terminal of down-kicking (50% kick cycle, -351<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>/s). The swimmers showed a higher peak angular velocity of hip internal/external rotation with a large active range of motion for hip rotation. The swimmers moved their lower-limb joints three-dimensionally, and aside from flexion/extension movements, and hip rotation may increase UUS proficiency.
CDC25A: A Rebel Within the CDC25 Phosphatases Family? (2008)

CDC25 dual specificity phosphatases activate the cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, allowing timely ordered progression through out the different phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle. In humans, there are three genes coding for the CDC25A, B and C proteins with both different and redundant specificities and regulations. The CDC25A member of this family acts during the G1 phase and at the G1/S transition by activating the CDK2/cyclin E and CDK2/cyclin A complexes, a function apparently not shared by the other members. In consequence, CDC25A is submitted to extra-cellular signals-dependent regulations involving in particular mitogenic signal transducers, and leading to modifications of its stability, its localization or its activity. In addition, CDC25A is up-regulated in various cancers, and the molecular mechanisms leading to this up-regulation are far from being understood. In this review, we will synthesize the current knowledge about CDC25A molecular regulations, and try to integrate these data in the cell proliferation and apoptotic functions described for the protein.
Increased acceptance bandwidth for quasi-phasematchedsecond harmonicgeneration in LiNbO 3 waveguides (1994)

The authors demonstrate waveguide second harmonic generation using a variable-spaced phase-reversed quasi-phasematched grating that has an acceptance bandwidth 15 times greater than a uniformly quasi-phasematched interaction of the same length.