gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renormalization-group treatment of the critical dynamics of the binary-fluid and gas-liquid transitions (1976)

A simplified model for the dynamics of the gas-liquid and binary-fluid transitions is studied with the renormalization group. An exact scaling law is found, connecting the exponents for the diverging transport coefficients to static exponents for arbitrary value of the dimensionality $d&lt;4$. This scaling law had been anticipated by Kadanoff and Swift, and Kawasaki, on the basis of approximate mode-coupling arguments. The "Kawasaki-Stokes" relation between the diffusivity, the shear viscosity, and the correlation length is shown to hold exactly, but with a universal amplitude which differs slightly from its mode-coupling value. Critical exponents for the transport coefficients are evaluated to second order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$, and lead to the prediction of a weak divergence of the shear viscosity [$\ensuremath{\eta}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}0.04}$] in three dimensions. The weakness of this divergence reflects the existence of a small parameter in the theory, which explains the excellent agreement between Kawasaki's evaluation of the Rayleigh linewidth and experiment. Corrections to the simple Kawasaki theory carried out by various authors are reviewed, and a number of suggestions are made for refining these calculations. The simple model studied in this paper is shown to have the same dynamic properties as real fluids, sufficiently close to the critical point.
View synthesis from uncalibrated images using parallax (2004)

This work deals with the view synthesis problem, i.e., how to generate snapshots of a scene taken from a "virtual" viewpoint different from all the viewpoints of the real views. Starting from uncalibrated reference images, the geometry of the scene is recovered by means of the relative affine structure. This information is used to extrapolate novel views using planar warping plus parallax correction. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First we introduce an automatic method for specifying the virtual viewpoint based on the replication of the epipolar geometry linking two reference views. Second, we present a method for generating synthetic views of a soccer ground starting from a single uncalibrated image. Experimental results using real images are shown.
Changes in gene expression and protein distribution at different stages of mechanically induced disc degeneration—an in vivo study on the New Zealand white rabbit (2005)

The objective of the study was to improve the biological understanding of degenerative disc disease using a rabbit model in which different stages of disc degeneration are induced by variation of the duration of loading with an external compression-device applying 2.4 MPa. Gene expression and protein distribution were analyzed in controls and after 1, 28, and 56 days of hyperphysiologic loading. To evaluate extracellular matrix genes, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was applied for collagen I, collagen II, biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, fibronectin, aggrecan, and osteonectin. As representatives of catabolic, anticatabolic, and anabolic factors, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were chosen. To evaluate protein distribution, immunohistochemistry was performed for collagen I, collagen II, and BMP-2/4. Matrix gene expression was characterized by two major developments: collagen I and II, biglycan, and decorin showed early elevation followed by later downregulation to control levels, whereas fibromodulin, fibronectin, aggrecan, and osteonectin showed continuous upregulation or remained at similar levels. Induction of MMP-13 gene expression was found in degenerated discs. TIMP-1 and BMP-2 were elevated immediately after hyperphysiologic loading and presented highest levels in the 56-day group. Immunohistochemistry showed less collagen II and BMP-2/4 positive cells after compression. In conclusion, elevated matrix gene expression represents an early cellular response to hyperphysiologic loading. As degeneration progresses, some matrix genes increase upregulation, whereas others start downregulation. Continuous upregulation of catabolic, anticatabolic, and anabolic factors indicates their important role in the degeneration process.
Bubble Sets: Revealing Set Relations with Isocontours over Existing Visualizations (2009)

While many data sets contain multiple relationships, depicting more than one data relationship within a single visualization is challenging. We introduce Bubble Sets as a visualization technique for data that has both a primary data relation with a semantically significant spatial organization and a significant set membership relation in which members of the same set are not necessarily adjacent in the primary layout. In order to maintain the spatial rights of the primary data relation, we avoid layout adjustment techniques that improve set cluster continuity and density. Instead, we use a continuous, possibly concave, isocontour to delineate set membership, without disrupting the primary layout. Optimizations minimize cluster overlap and provide for calculation of the isocontours at interactive speeds. Case studies show how this technique can be used to indicate multiple sets on a variety of common visualizations.
A new technique to estimate the regularity of refinable functions (1996)

We study the regularity of refinable functions by analyzing the spectral properties of special operators associated to the refinement equation; in particular, we use the Fredholm determinant theory to derive numerical estimates for the spectral radius of these operators in certain spaces. This new technique is particularly useful for estimating the regularity in the cases where the refinement equation has an infinite number of nonzero coefficients and in the multidimensional cases.
A system for recording neural activity chronically and simultaneously from multiple cortical and subcortical regions in nonhuman primates (2011)

A major goal of neuroscience is to understand the functions of networks of neurons in cognition and behavior. Recent work has focused on implanting arrays of ∼100 immovable electrodes or smaller numbers of individually adjustable electrodes, designed to target a few cortical areas. We have developed a recording system that allows the independent movement of hundreds of electrodes chronically implanted in several cortical and subcortical structures. We have tested this system in macaque monkeys, recording simultaneously from up to 127 electrodes in 14 brain regions for up to one year at a time. A key advantage of the system is that it can be used to sample different combinations of sites over prolonged periods, generating multiple snapshots of network activity from a single implant. Used in conjunction with microstimulation and injection methods, this versatile system represents a powerful tool for studying neural network activity in the primate brain.
Mechanism of toxicity of the branched‐chain fatty acid phytanic acid, a marker of Refsum disease, in astrocytes involves mitochondrial impairment (2006)

Phytanic acid is a saturated branched-chain fatty acid, which is formed by bacterial degradation of chlorophyll in the intestinal tract of ruminants. The methyl group in beta-position prevents degradation of phytanic acid by the beta-oxidation pathway. Therefore, degradation of phytanic acid is initiated by alpha-oxidation in peroxisomes. The inherited peroxisomal disorder Refsum disease is characterised by accumulation of phytanic acid. Unusually high concentrations of phytanic acid can be found in the plasma of Refsum disease patients, who suffer from neurodegeneration and muscle dystrophy. Phytanic acid has been suggested to be causally involved in the clinical symptoms. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism, we investigated the influence of phytanic acid in rat hippocampal astrocytes by monitoring the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as the cellular ATP level. In response to phytanic acid (100 microM) cytosolic Ca(2+) was quickly increased. The phytanic acid-evoked Ca(2+) response was transient and involved activation of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. In isolated rat brain mitochondria, phytanic acid dissipated Deltapsi(m) in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, phytanic acid released cytochrome c from mitochondria. Depending on the mitochondrial activity state, phytanic acid either stimulated or inhibited the electron flux within the respiratory chain. In addition, phytanic acid induced substantial generation of reactive oxygen species in isolated mitochondria as well as in intact cells. Phytanic acid caused cell death of astrocytes within a few hours of exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that phytanic acid initiates astrocyte cell death by activating the mitochondrial route of apoptosis.
Surface Preparation and Optimization of Amorphous Silicon Deposition for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (2013)

Design of Experiment (DOE) approach was used to optimize the characteristics of intrinsic a-Si and doped a-Si films for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells where effective lifetime and bulk resistivity were used as optimization parameters for intrinsic and doped a-Si respectively. The performance of the optimized films on alkaline etched wafers required additional optimization of post etch cleans. We have developed a cleaning cycle which allows 725-735 mV local Voc and 81- 83% local pFF on non-metallized SHJ solar cells with no reflectance losses. A batch of 16 wafers demonstrated good across wafer and wafer to wafer passivation uniformity with 2.3 ms mean effective lifetime and 0.6 ms standard deviation.
Hyperacute stent placement in acute cervical internal carotid artery occlusions: the potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

Cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions causing acute ischemic stroke have extremely poor outcomes without rapid re-establishment of cerebral perfusion. Given the high risk for early recurrent stroke, carotid stenting at the time of intra-arterial therapy may be crucial to improving outcomes. To our knowledge, there are only two prior case series that address intra-arterial reperfusion therapy and stent placement within six hours of stroke onset (the hyperacute period). We present two cases to further support the feasibility of this intervention in the hyperacute period, and report the potential utility of MRI in identifying patients most likely to benefit from this procedure.
Serologic response to COVID-19 infection and/or vaccine in cancer patients on active treatment (2021)

Overall, both COVID-19 vaccine and natural infection are highly immunogenic among cancer patients. Our study, however, identifies those under chemotherapy as significantly less responsive, and with lower antibody levels. These findings justify close virological and serological surveillance along with consideration of these patients for booster (third dose) vaccine prioritization, as new highly spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge.
Non-contact Blood Pressure Measurement using Doppler Radar based on Waveform Analysis by LSTM (2021)

Recently, non-contact blood pressure measurement is attracting increasing interests because it is suitable for the blood pressure measurement on a daily basis. A Doppler radar is a key device to enable the non-contact blood pressure measurement, and it can observe pulse waves due to aortic vasomotion. Specifically, PTT (Pulse Transit Time) is known to be correlated with the blood pressure, and thus the blood pressure can be measured by calculating the PTT from the pulse waves. However, to avoid the effects of slight body movements and breathing, the conventional method requires the subject to lie down on a bed and to stop breathing. In this paper, we propose a Doppler radar-based blood pressure measurement method that works against a subject with slight body movements and breathing. Due to respiration and slight body movements, the pulse wave could be distorted, which makes it difficult to calculate PTT. To solve this issue, in the proposed method, by relating features of the distorted pulse wave to those of the clean pulse wave using a deep learning model with LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), the distorted pulse wave is transformed to a clean pulse wave that provides PTT correlated with the blood pressure strongly. The experimental results showed that PTT calculated using the proposed method has a strong correlation with actual blood pressure and the accuracy of blood pressure estimation is improved, compared with the conventional method.
Fabrication of large-area 3D optical fishnet metamaterial by laser interference lithography (2013)

Centimeter-scale 3D fishnet metamaterial with negative refractive index in the near infrared spectral range is demonstrated. The large-area fabrication is realized using a conventional laser interference lithography technique in combination with a tri-layer lift-off procedure. This method allows us to effectively achieve a centimeter-scale 3D fishnet structure with a pitch of 600 nm and five functional Ag/SiO2 bi-layers with a total thickness of 300 nm. The experimental transmission spectrum correlates well with simulation results. Effective refractive index versus frequency associated with permittivity and permeability are retrieved. Two negative refractive index regions are found in the near-infrared spectral range.
Do Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Modulate Bone Formation In UremiaÓ* (1980)

The roles of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2] in the synthesis of the uremic skelton were studied in a variety of patients with end-stage renal disease. The first group consisted of 14 patients who had received time-spaced tetracycline skeltal markers and whose bone biopsies exhibited the features of severe osteitis fibrosa. These patients had elevated circulating inorganic phosphorus levels and markedly increased iPTH. The second group was comprised of 11 patients in whose bone biopsies osteomalacia predominated. These patients were generally normophosphatemic and had relatively low levels of iPTH. The rate of synthesis per U bone-forming surface, as determined by morphometric techniques, was approximately 3 times normal (P < 0.001) in the severely hyperparathyroid patients, two of whom were anephric. This parameter of bone formation was no greater than normal in the group of osteomalacic patients. Another group of 39 randomly selected patients with endstage renal disease underwent bone biopsy after a single course of tetracycline. Calcification front formation, which was normal in 19 of these patients, was directly (P < 0.005) related to the log iPTH. Finally, 2 totally parathyroidectomized, chronically uremic patients were treated with 50–100 μg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3/day. Sequential bone biopsies taken during prolonged therapy failed to demonstrate a skeletal response to this metabolite. These data indicate that: 1) the rate of bone formation is increased in chronically uremic patients with severe hyperparathyroidism despite the absence of 1,25(OH)2D; 2) calcification front formation is directly proportional to log iPTH in chronic uremia; 3) many uremic patients have normal calcification front formation, calling into question the assumption that end-stage renal disease is almost universally accompanied by osteomalacia; and 4) the total absence of PTH may preclude the therapeutic response of the uremic skeleton to a generally beneficial metabolite of vitamin D.
A 16-kDa Protein Functions as a New Regulatory Protein for Hsc70 Molecular Chaperone and Is Identified as a Member of the Nm23/Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Family (1997)

Cytoplasmic Hsc70 is a multifunctional molecular chaperone. It is hypothesized that accessory proteins are used to specify the diverse chaperone activities of Hsc70. A 16-kDa cytosolic protein (p16) co-purified with Hsc70 obtained from a fish hepatocyte cell line, PLHC-1. Hsc70 also co-immunoprecipitated with p16 from PLHC-1 cells and fish liver. p16 was identified as a member of the Nm23/nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase family based on its amino acid sequence similarity, NDP kinase activity, and recognition by anti-human NDP kinase-A antibody. This antibody also co-immunoprecipitated Hsc70 and NDP kinase from human HepG2 cells. p16 monomerized Hsc70 and released Hsc70 from pigeon cytochrome c peptide (Pc) but not from FYQLALT, a peptide specifically designed for high affinity binding. Therefore, p16 may modulate Hsc70 function by maintaining Hsc70 in a monomeric state and by dissociating unfolded proteins from Hsc70 either through protein-protein interactions or by supplying ATP indirectly through phosphate transfer. p16 did not affect basal or unfolded protein-stimulated ATPase activity of bovine brain Hsc70 using in vitro assays. Interestingly, bovine liver NDP kinase did not dissociate the Hsc70.Pc complex. In addition, two nonconservative amino acid subsitutions were found near the amino terminus of p16. Therefore, p16 may be a unique Nm23/NDP kinase that functions as an accessory protein for cytosolic Hsc70 in eukaryotes.
ICM method for multi-level thresholding using maximum entropy criterion (2003)

The maximum entropy approach is one of the most important threshold selection methods. Many authors avoid the computationally prohibitive problem when the maximum entropy criterion is applied to multi-level threshold selection. This paper deals with this problem using the iterated conditional modes (ICM) method. Experiments show ICM can get satisfactory if not optimal results using our initialization algorithm and solve the problem of computation excellently. Also in this paper, we have modified the fuzzy maximum entropy criterion of Cheng et al., (1998). In addition, we compared our ICM method with the simulated annealing algorithm proposed by them.
Capture, emission and recombination at a deep level via an excited state (1980)

The kinetics of carrier capture, emission and recombination at a deep trap are studied using a model in which these processes go via an excited state. It is shown that non-exponential transients can result and that detailed balance interpretations should be used with care. The model is used to interpret experiments on Si:Se and Si:S.
Highly efficient low‐cost zeolite for cobalt removal from aqueous solutions: Characterization and performance (2018)

Cobalt is considered to be a strategic metal, with a high market value due to its scarcity and difficulty of extraction. Its concentration in wastewater is much higher than that recommended by environmental agencies. In this work, adsorption is the selected process for cobalt removal and recovery and the adsorbent, a commercial natural zeolite, was chosen because of its wide availability, low price, and adequate particle size. The zeolite employed was clinoptilolite according to XRD and FTIR results. Other techniques like XRF have helped to show that the zeolite treated with acid has suffered dealumination process while the zeolite treated with sodium has kept its Si/Al ratio and it has incorporated sodium into its structure. The optimization of the adsorption process has allowed to enhance the removal of cobalt up to a 21%, exchanging the bare zeolite with NaCl 1 M, and up to a 42%, increasing the temperature to 333 K. In relation to the mechanism, adsorption of cobalt on clinoptilolite is an endothermic and spontaneous process where both external and intraparticle diffusion take place. A pseudo‐second‐order model can adequately describe the adsorption kinetics. Regarding to adsorption equilibrium, it is better described by Double Langmuir isotherm model. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S352–S365, 2019
Rapamycin: Distribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Range Investigations (1995)

Rapamycin (RAPA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug that is presently undergoing clinical trials. The most of the drug is sequestered in erythrocytes resulting in whole blood concentrations being considerably higher than plasma concentrations. The drug is metabolized by the same P450 3A enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Structural elucidation of RAPA metabolites is required. The drug has a relatively long half-life in both humans and animals with 24-h trough concentrations being within the analytic range of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) when immunosuppressive doses are administered. For RAPA, a proportionality is exhibited between trough concentrations and dose. In animal transplant models, trough concentrations of the drug appear to be related to immunosuppressive efficacy and drug-related side effects. The studies described here should provide the basis for establishment of therapeutic monitoring protocols for the drug.
Promoters of epithelialization induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human gastric epithelial cells in primary culture (1997)

Both epithelialization and angiogenesis are indispensable processes in gastric ulcer healing. Coordination between these processes has not been well studied. In the present study, we have established a new primary culture system of human gastric epithelial cells and investigated the effect of epithelialization stimulants on a specific angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth characterized as epithelial cells. Both epithelialization stimulants, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), significantly stimulated vascular EGF expression in gastric epithelial cells. HGF and EGF receptors were expressed by the cells, suggesting that regulation may be mediated through specific receptors.
Preparation and characterization of paramagnetic polychelates and their protein conjugates (1990)

The gadolinium complexes of poly-L-lysine-poly(diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N",N"-pentaacetic acid) (Gd-PL-DTPA) and poly-L-lysine-poly(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetr aacetic acid) (Gd-PL-DOTA) and their conjugates with human serum albumin (HSA) have been prepared and characterized. Poly-L-lysine (PL, degree of polymerization approximately 100) was N-acylated with a mixed anhydride of the chelating ligand (DTPA or DOTA). Sixty to ninety chelating groups per molecule of PL could be attached in this way. Following purification of the polychelate by size-exclusion chromatography, the gadolinium complexes were prepared by standard methods and conjugated to HSA with heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents. The molar relaxities of these macromolecular species were 2-3-fold higher than those of the corresponding monomeric metal complexes [( Gd(DTPA)] and [Gd(DOTA)]). The conjugation conditions were optimized to produce conjugates containing 60-90 metal centers per molecule of HSA (ca. one polychelate per protein).
Towards a new Security Architecture for Telephony (2006)

The security of the telephone network started to be deployed in the forties at the time of the Second World War. The deregulation and the globalization of the telecommunication’s sector opened the door to the evolution of the telephone networks and to their diversification. Although, the evolution of the information technology yields to a converged data and voice network based on IP technology. The security solutions offered within each network provide protection to its services against eventual attacks and hacking. Nevertheless, these solutions are network dependant and does not allow secure interoperable phone call crossing different telephony infrastructure. This paper describes a new security architecture that provides a secure end-to-end voice communication with an abstraction of the underlying telephony platforms.