gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New insights towards the function of glutamate dehydrogenase revealed during source‐sink transition of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants grown under different nitrogen regimes (2004)

The metabolic, biochemical and molecular events occurring in the different leaf stages along the main axis of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants grown either on a nitrogen-rich medium, on a medium containing ammonium as sole nitrogen source or on a nitrogen-depleted medium, are presented. This study shows that the highest induction of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) protein and transcript occurs when nitrogen remobilization is maximal as the result of nitrogen starvation, whereas both glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) transcript and activity remain at a very low level. In contrast, GDH is highly induced when plants are grown on ammonium as sole nitrogen source, a physiological situation during which leaf protein nitrogen remobilization is limited. It is therefore concluded that GDH does not play a direct role during the process of nitrogen remobilization but is rather induced following a built up of ammonium provided externally or released as the result of protein hydrolysis during natural leaf senescence.
Mapping differentiation kinetics in the mouse retina reveals an extensive period of cell cycle protein expression in post‐mitotic newborn neurons (2012)

A minor population of progenitors transits slowly through G2/M and, most importantly, some cell cycle proteins are retained for an unexpectedly long period in post-mitotic neurons. The high-resolution map of cell birth kinetics reported here provides a framework to better define mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis.
Suppl. Fig. S2 from Characterization of Novel Derivatives of MBQ-167, an Inhibitor of the GTP-binding Proteins Rac/Cdc42 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S2 shows the Effect of MBQ compounds on cell migration&lt;/p&gt;
The influence of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on lactic acid bacteria (1983)

Abstract The effect of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) (4 × 10 −5 M‐4 × 10 −3 M) on the growth and physiological activity of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Lactobacillus casei has been investigated when cultivated in milk and lactose‐peptone media. The concentrations of 2,4‐D applied in milk did not cause complete growth inhibition of any of the strains. The degree of inhibition was dependent upon the bacterium species and the herbicide dose. Growth of the tolerant strain— L. casei W‐10 —was reduced by about 40% (in the presence of 4 × 10 −3 M 2,4‐D), whereas the the level of lactic acid production remained almost unchanged. Under the same conditions, growth of the sensitive strain S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis 239 was reduced by almost 25 times and lactic acid production inhibited by about 40% in comparison with the controls. Cultivation of S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis 239 in lactose‐peptone medium with 2 × 10 −3 M 2,4‐D was characterised by a lengthened lag‐phase, lengthened generation time (3 times) and an increased rate of herbicide metabolism. In addition, selective or mutative action of 2,4‐D has been shown. Herbicide treatment inhibited the cells of c.f.u. producing the least acid and enhanced the contribution of the active ones. Cells of c.f.u. with activities not found in the control population have also been revealed. Both species of bacteria were capable of metabolism of 2,4‐D to 2,4‐dichlorophenol.
Go with the Flow—Microfluidics Approaches for Amyloid Research (2018)

The rapid development of cost-efficient microfluidic devices has received tremendous attention from scientists of diverse fields. The growing potential of utilizing microfluidic platforms has further advanced the ability to integrate existing technology into microfluidic devices. Thus, allowing scientists to approach questions in fundamental fields, such as amyloid research, using new and otherwise unachievable conditions. Amyloids are associated with neurodegeneration and are in the forefront of many research efforts worldwide. The newly emerged microfluidic technology can serve as a novel research tool providing a platform for developing new methods in this field. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in amyloid research using microfluidic approaches. These approaches are driven from various fields, including physical chemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and cell biology. Moreover, the new insights into novel microfluidic approaches for amyloid research reviewed here can be easily modified for other research interests.
Table S1 from Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Overview of the study cohort and the clinical data. This table contains basic clinical information, including age, sex, whether tumors were uni- or bilateral, histology, stage, risk group, treatment to which the resection specimen analyzed was subjected to, the final outcome and the record of adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;
Neural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer: The Past, Present and Future (2010)

In the past 15 years, invasion of nerves by cancer cells has escaped from its role as a mere bystander in cancer biology and turned into an attractive niche to study the heterotypic interaction between cancer cells and neurons. Today, neural invasion (NI) in pancreatic cancer (PCa) stands out due to the recent demonstration of its association with tumor progression, local recurrence and neuropathic pain. Accordingly, recent research on NI in PCa revealed the critical involvement of numerous nerve- or cancer cell-derived molecules in several novel in vitro and in vivo models of NI, which, however, still need further major improvement.
Preclinical evaluation of PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging agents in a Ewing sarcoma orthotopic xenograft model. (2014)

10073 Background: Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive malignancy of childhood with a dismal prognosis in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. Previous research demonstrated EWS cell lines with the EWS-FLI1 translocation be sensitive to Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Although phase 1 clinical trials have failed to demonstrate significant single agent efficacy for EWS, preclinical studies suggest increased efficacy with the addition of DNA damaging agents to PARPi. We examined the PARPi BMN 673, olaparib, and veliparib in combination with irinotecan and temozolomide (TMZ) in a clinically relevant EWS orthotopic xenograft model. Methods: EWS orthotopic xenografts were created by injecting EW-8 luciferase labeled cells into the femur of CD-1 nude mice. Mice were randomized to the following treatment groups (see Table.) Allometric doses were administered on a clinically relevant schedule for two cycles. Complete response (CR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) were determined using bioluminescence. Results: The addition of TMZ and irinotecan to BMN 673 and olaparib (Groups 1, 2) showed significant disease response in comparison to irinotecan and TMZ alone (Group 4). Mice that received BMN 673 had the best response with 100% achieving CR. Mice that received olaparib (Group 2) had a 50% CR and 50% SD. Groups 3, 4, and 5 all had 80% PD and 20% SD. Conclusions: The addition of the PARP inhibitors BMN 673 and olaparib to irinotecan and TMZ provides significant disease response and stabilization in an orthotopic xenograft model of EWS. These drug combinations may be effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with EWS. Ongoing pharmacokinetic and preclinical studies will be performed to determine if efficacy is likely to be achieved within the therapeutic window of this patient population. Group 1 (n = 5) Irinotecan + TMZ + BMN 673 Group 2 (n = 4) Irinotecan + TMZ + Olaparib Group 3 (n = 5) Irinotecan + TMZ + Veliparib Group 4 (n = 5) Irinotecan + TMZ Group 5 (n = 5) Placebo
Fluoxetine in breast-milk and developmental outcome of breast-fed infants (1998)

Much larger databases are needed but these four cases do not provide any evidence to suggest that women who are maintained on therapeutic doses of fluoxetine should discontinue breast-feeding their infants if they wish to breast-feed.
Activated Carbons from Miscanthus Straw for Cleaning Water Bodies in Kazakhstan (2019)

Pollution of water bodies by heavy metals is an acute problem in Kazakhstan. Hence, search for and implementation of sustainable environmental technologies for water purification is of high priority. Activated carbon appears as an appropriate material as reflected in a number of previous studies. Due to a growing interest in low-cost active coals from renewable, rapidly recovering raw materials, especially for the purification of drinking water and wastewater, special attention has been in recent years been paid to the preparation activated carbons from some types of agricultural by-products. Along these lines a technology for producing new carbon-containing sorbents, i.e., activated carbon from Miscanthus straw (Мiscanthus x giganteus) is reported. The method of preparation, type of reactor, experimental conditions and the influence of the selected initial material on the properties of the resulting activated carbons are discussed. The activation of the primarily carbonized material in super-heated steam creates an activated coal material with a specific surface area of 541.9 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 0.232 cm3/g. The possible application for purification of water bodies from selected heavy metals was studied by estimation of the sorption capacity of the generated active coal material towards selected metal ions. The adsorption capacity for copper, zinc and lead ions is 90, 100, 500 mg/L, which allows to consider obtained by this method AC as an attractive alternative to traditional coal sorbents.
ChemInform Abstract: FCS in Single Molecule Analysis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of carbon molecular sieves from Illinois coal. Technical report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 (1994)

Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have become an increasingly important class of adsorbents for use in gas separation and recovery processes. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feedstock for the production of CMS and to evaluate the potential application of the products in commercial gas separation processes. The full potential of these materials in commercial gas separations has yet to be realized. In Phase II, the optimal char preparation conditions determined in Phase I are being applied to production of larger quantities of CMS in a 2 in. ID batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and a 4 in. ID continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). In the previous reporting period, an invention disclosure describing a novel CMS preparation technique (oxygen deposition) was prepared and submitted to Research Corporation Technologies for evaluation. During this reporting period, work continued on the development of the oxygen deposition process. Carbon deposition as a means to narrow pore size was also investigated. Pound quantities of CMS were prepared from IBC-102 coal in the TRK. A meeting was arranged between the ISGS and Carbo Tech Industieservice GmbH, one of two companies in the world that produce CMS from coal, to discuss possible shipment of Illinois coal to Germany for CMS production. A secrecy agreement between the ISGS and Carbo Tech is in preparation. Several large scale char production runs using Industry Mine coal were conducted in an 18 in. ID batch and 8 in. ID continuous RTK at Allis Mineral Systems, Milwaukee, WI. The molecular sieve properties of the chars have yet to be determined.
Sleep architecture and the risk of incident dementia in the community (2017)

Despite contemporary interest in slow-wave sleep and dementia pathology, our findings implicate REM sleep mechanisms as predictors of clinical dementia.
Natural mood foods: The actions of polyphenols against psychiatric and cognitive disorders (2012)

Thus, the consumption of diets enriched with polyphenols may present the potential of dietary manipulation as a non-invasive, natural, and inexpensive therapeutic means to support a healthy brain.
The Effect of Low Pressurized Water Reactor Containment Pressure on Peak Cladding Temperatures (1980)

AbstractThe current regulatory requirement that peak cladding temperatures (PCTs) never exceed 1204°C (2200°F) at any time during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is frequently the most limiting factor in setting core peaking factor limits. Of the many plant specific characteristics involved in predicting a fuel rod's thermal response to a LOCA, the containment or "back" pressure plays a significant role, especially in pressure suppression pressurized water reactor (PWR) containments.The back pressure effect is studied by comparing the predicted PCT histories at back pressure levels of 138, 155, 172, and 207 kN/m2 (20, 22.5, 25.0, and 30 psia). A typical four-loop PWR with 15 × 15 fuel assemblies is analyzed. The analysis is performed using an in-house LOCA code named HEATUP-R/AEP, which calculates fuel thermal response during core reflood. In addition to temperature, the reflood rates, exit qualities, and cladding oxidation rates are studied. Results show significant increases in PCTs at lower pressure due to enhanced steam binding in the coolant loops.
Coincidence mapping - a key strategy for the automatic counting of fission tracks in natural minerals (2009)

Abstract We report on new image-analysis techniques that, for the first time, provide a practical solution to the problem of fully automated counting of fission tracks in natural minerals, a long-desired goal in fission-track dating. Specific challenges to be overcome have been the discrimination of fission tracks from non-track defects, polishing scratches, etc.; resolving multiple track overlaps; and reliable identification of small tracks amongst a similarly sized background of surface defects, fluid inclusions, etc. Most previous attempts at automated image analysis have failed in one or more of these tasks. The central component of our system is called ‘coincidence mapping’ and utilizes two images of the same tracks obtained in transmitted and reflected light. The complementary nature of the information in these two images allows a powerful discrimination of true fission tracks from most non-track features. The much smaller average track size in the reflected light image allows the resolution of most track overlaps apparent in transmitted light. The discrimination is achieved by segmenting the two images using a custom-developed thresholding routine and extracting the coincidence of features in the two binary images. The analysis is computationally efficient and takes only a few seconds to complete the processing of images that may contain up to many hundreds of tracks. Preliminary indications are that error rates are about the same as, or better than, those achieved by a human operator using normal counting conditions in transmitted light. The performance is even better at high track densities (&gt;10 7 cm −2 ) giving the potential for measuring track densities up to an order of magnitude greater than a human operator can count. Automated counting should significantly increase the speed and consistency of analysis and improve data quality in fission-track dating through better counting statistics, increased objectivity and measurement of additional track description parameters that are not currently determined.
Synthesis of some Heterocyclic Systems of Anticipated Biological Activities via 6-aryl-4-pyrazol-1-ylpyridazin-3-one (2004)

6-Aryl-4-pyrazol-1-ylpyridazin-3-one (1) reacted with PCl 5 /POCl 3 mixture to give 3-chloropyridazine derivative (3). Reaction of (3) with 2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazide and semicarbazide hydrochloride afforded (5) and (7). Reaction of (1) with ethyl chloroacetate gave (10). Reaction of (10) with hydrazine hydrate yielded the hydrazide (11). The hydrazide (11) condensed with the acetylenic ketones and esters (12a-d) and acetylacetone (16) to give the adducts (13a,b,14,15&17). Reacting (1) with formaldehyde and piperidine or morpholine or piperazine, 3-bromopropanoic acid, acetic anhydride, p-toluenesulphonyl chloride or succinyl chloride or oxalyl chloride or ethanolamine gave the adducts (19-21), (23-27). The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were evidenced from their spectral and microanalytical data.
A Simple Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Three-Dimensional Crack Problems in Functionally Graded Materials (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Microchip Reactor Packed with Metal-Ion Chelated Magnetic Silica Microspheres for Highly Efficient Proteolysis (2007)

An easily replaceable and regenerable protease microreactor with metal-ion chelated adsorption of enzyme has been fabricated on chip. Magnetic microspheres with small size (approximately 200 nm in diameter) and strong magnetism were synthesized and were modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate. The metal chelating agent of iminodiacetic acid was then reacted with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane before its immobilization onto the surface of magnetic silica microspheres (MS microspheres). The metal ion of copper and enzyme were subsequently adsorbed onto the surface. The prepared MS microspheres were then locally packed into the microchannel by the application of a strong magnetic field using a magnet to form an on-chip enzymatic microreactor. Capability of the proteolytic microreactor was demonstrated by cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin as model proteins. The digestion products were characterized using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS with sequence coverage of 77% and 21% observed, respectively. This microreactor was also applied to the analysis of one RPLC fraction of rat liver extract. After a database search, 23 unique peptides corresponding to 7 proteins were identified when one RPLC fraction of rat liver extract was digested by the microreactor. This opens a route for its future application in top-down proteomic analysis.
Characterization of AI-doped ZnO Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering (2007)

Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on non-alkali glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering with 3 types of AZO targets (doped with 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt% <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX>). Electrical, optical properties and microstructure of AZO films have been investigated by Hall effect measurements, UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer, and XRD, respectively. Crystallinity of AZO films increased with increasing substrate temperature (<TEX>$T_s$</TEX>) and doping ratio of Al. Resistivity and optical transmittance in visible light were <TEX>$8.8{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$</TEX> and above 85%, respectively, for the AZO film deposited using AZO target (doped with 3.0 wt% <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX>) at <TEX>$T_s$</TEX> of <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX>. On the other hand, transmittance of AZO films in near-infrared region decreased with increasing <TEX>$T_s$</TEX> and doping ratio of Al, which could be attributed to the increase of carrier density.
Dispersive interactions between standard and Dirac materials and the role of dimensionality (2022)

Abstract The van der Waals (vdW) interaction plays a prominent role between neutral objects at separations where short ranged chemical forces are negligible. This type of dispersive coupling is determined by the interplay between geometry and response properties of the materials making up the objects. Here, we investigate the vdW interaction between 1D, 2D, and 3D standard and Dirac materials within the Random Phase Approximation, which takes into account collective excitations originating from the electronic Coulomb potential. A comprehensive understanding of characteristic functionalities and scaling laws are obtained for systems with parabolic energy dispersion (standard materials) and crossing linear bands (Dirac materials). By comparing the quantum mechanical and thermal limits the onset of thermal fluctuations in the vdW interaction is discussed showing that thermal effects are significantly pronounced at smaller scales in reduced dimensions.
Characterisation of niosome nanoparticles prepared by microfluidic mixing for drug delivery (2022)

Lipid nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their potential as drug delivery systems. They are safe, effective, and be targeted to particular tissues to deliver their payload. Niosomes are one type of lipid nanoparticles that comprise non-ionic surfactants which have proven to be effective due to their stability and biocompatibility. Different manufacturing processes have been reported for niosome preparation, but many of them are not scalable or reproducible for pharmaceutical use. In this study, microfluidic mixing was used to prepare niosomes with different lipid compositions by changing the type of non-ionic surfactant. Niosomes were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, morphology, encapsulation efficacy, release profiles of atenolol as a model hydrophilic compound, and cytotoxic activities. Microfluidic mixing allows for particle self-assembly and drug loading in a single step, without the need for post-preparation size reduction. Depending on the lipid composition, the empty particles were <90 nm in size with a uniform distribution. A slight but not significant increase in these values was observed when loading atenolol in most of the prepared formulations. All formulations were spherical and achieved variable levels of atenolol encapsulation. Atenolol release was slow and followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model regardless of the surfactant type or the percentage of cholesterol used.
H NMR Relaxation Study of Chain Motions and Solid-State Ordering in Stiff, Random Copolymers (1997)

Fully-aromatic, thermotropic, liquid crystalline random copolyesters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) were studied at elevated temperatures with 1H NMR. Proton T1 measurements provide high-frequency characterization of the glass transition. Proton rotating frame relaxation time (T1ρ) measurements near room temperature are sensitive to HBA rotational motions; these motions are expected when there is monomer length-scale chain conformational disorder. In melt-quenched samples, this disorder is spatially homogeneous (i.e., the material solidifies without crystallization). Annealing below the nominal solidification temperature (Ts) results only in a slight, uniform lessening of this disorder. For samples annealed above Ts, proton T1ρ measurements show a spatially distinct component in which monomeric rotational motions are suppressed. Spin−diffusion experiments indicate this component has a mean thickness of 10 ± 2 nm. 1H-13C (cross polarization-magic-angle spinning) CP-MAS measurements indicate that these ordered regions are enriched in HBA. The fraction and HNA content of the “cocrystallites” decrease at higher annealing temperatures. We discuss a new conceptual model of solid ordering in highly sequence-frustrated, stiff HBA/HNA copolyesters that is consistent with these and previously reported data.