gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Hash Pooling and its Applications (2011)

In this article we describe a new technique for the comparison of populations of DNA strands. Comparison is vital to the study of ecological systems, at both the micro and macro scales. Existing methods make use of DNA sequencing and cloning, which can prove costly and time consuming, even with current sequencing techniques. Our overall objective is to address issues such as whole genome detection, fragment detection and sample similarity. Because our method is similar in spirit to hashing in computer science, we call it DNA hash pooling. To illustrate this method, we describe protocols using pairs of restriction enzymes. The in silico empirical results we present reflect a sensitivity to experimental error. Our method, performed as a filtering step prior to sequencing, may reduce the amount of sequencing required (generally by a factor of 10 or more). Even as sequencing becomes cheaper, an order of magnitude remains important.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Improving QoS for real-time traffic in a shared link (2002)

We study the link-sharing between the assured real-time traffic and the throughput intensive best-effort services. Our simulation shows that the throughput intensive best-effort services can degrade the QoS performance of real-time services if both are forwarded to a single FIFO queue. Therefore, it is advantageous to assign separate queues for individual classes of traffic. A novel link-sharing scheme (delay-sensing) is proposed to improve the QoS measures such as delay and jitter for the real-time traffic while preserving the fairness among different traffic classes. The new method guarantees an explicit delay bound for the real-time traffic when bandwidth borrowing is allowed. Another advantage of the method is that it can offer different priority classes with user specified fairness.
Medication Errors (1982)

Director of Pharmacy Services Quakertown Community Hospital Quakertown, Pennsylvania Medication errors can occur in any hospital—including yours. Anyone can make them—nurses, doctors, pharmacists, manufacturers, and others. But no matter who makes them, if you administer the drugs, you're in the best position to catch the errors and correct them. To help you, we'll publish medication errors that actually happened and will suggest how they could have been avoided. If you know of any errors, you can help see they won't be repeated by sending them to Medication Errors, Nursing82, 1111 Bethlehem Pike, Springhouse. Pa. 19477. Well award $25 for each error published. No names will be printed. (Mr. Cohen is assistant editor of Hospital Pharmacy, published by J.B. Lippincott Co.)
Targeting Aggrecanases for Osteoarthritis Therapy: From Zinc Chelation to Exosite Inhibition (2022)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. In 1999, two members of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) family of metalloproteinases, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, or aggrecanases, were identified as the enzymes responsible for aggrecan degradation in cartilage. The first aggrecanase inhibitors targeted the active site by chelation of the catalytic zinc ion. Due to the generally disappointing performance of zinc-chelating inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies, inhibition strategies tried to move away from the active-site zinc in order to improve selectivity. Exosite inhibitors bind to proteoglycan-binding residues present on the aggrecanase ancillary domains (called exosites). While exosite inhibitors are generally more selective than zinc-chelating inhibitors, they are still far from fulfilling their potential, partly due to a lack of structural and functional data on aggrecanase exosites. Filling this gap will inform the design of novel potent, selective aggrecanase inhibitors.
Noninvasive proportional assist ventilation compared with noninvasive pressure support ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (2002)

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, NIV-PAV was able to unload inspiratory muscles similarly to NIV-PSV but may be more comfortable than NIV-PSV.
Probiotics Dietary Supplementation for Modulating Endocrine and Fertility Microbiota Dysbiosis (2020)

Human microbiota seems to play a key role in endocrine and reproductive systems. Fortunately, microbiota reproductive dysbiosis start to be treated by probiotics using typical species from genus <i>Lactobacillus</i>. This work presents the compiled and analysed results from the most up-to-date information from clinical trials regarding microbiota, fertility, probiotics and oral route administration, reviewing open access scientific documents. These studies analyse the clinical impact of probiotics administered on several endocrine disorders' manifestations in women: mastitis; vaginal dysbiosis; pregnancy complication disorders; and polycystic ovary syndrome. In all cases, the clinical modulation achieved by probiotics was evaluated positively through the improvement of specific disease outcomes with the exception of the pregnancy disorders studies, where the sample sizes results were statistically insufficient. High amounts of studies were discarded because no data were provided on specific probiotic strains, doses, impact on the individual autochthon microbiota, or data regarding specific hormonal values modifications and endocrine regulation effects. However, most of the selected studies with probiotics contained no protocolised administration. Therefore, we consider that intervention studies with probiotics might allocate the focus, not only in obtaining a final outcome, but in how to personalise the administration according to the disorder to be palliated.
A persymmetric multiband GLR algorithm (1992)

By exploring the covariance structure information to reduce the uncertainty in adaptive processing, a persymmetric generalized likelihood ratio algorithm (PGLR) is developed together with the closed-form expressions of probabilities of detection and false alarm. This multiband algorithm, which requires less computation, can significantly outperform the corresponding unstructured multiband GLR algorithm, especially in a severely nonstationary and/or nonhomogeneous interference environment. Simulation shows that the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) performance of the new algorithm is as insensitive as that of the unstructured multiband GLR to the departure of interference distribution from Gaussian.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flow cytometry assessment of MAPK phosphorylation in whole blood samples of SR and SS asthma patients. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Whole blood aliquots were stained with either anti-CD3, CD4, CD8 antibody cocktail or CD14, CD16, CD20 antibody cocktail plus one of the phospho-MAPK antibodies (i.e. p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK) or corresponding IgG isotype control antibodies (to detect nonspecific antibody binding). &lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; Phosphorylation of p38 in CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; monocytes of subjects with SR asthma vs. SS asthma (MFI). (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) Phosphorylation of ERK in CD14+ cells of subjects with SR asthma vs. SS asthma (MFI).&lt;/p&gt;
Monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens ofPseudomonas aeruginosa (1986)

A panel of 48 monoclonal antibodies was prepared against 8 O-serotype strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 43 of the antibodies reacted specifically with whole cells of the vaccine strain in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 4 antibodies showed varying degrees of reactivity for more than one of the serotype strains, and one antibody bound to all of the serotype strains as well as strains of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The epitopes recognised by these antibodies were characterised by immunoblotting and the serotype-specific antibodies reacted only with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the vaccine strain. The antibodies that bound to more than one serotype strain were specific for outer-membrane proteins common to the serotype strains. The antibody that cross-reacted with all strains of P. aeruginosa apparently recognised an antigen associated with the core or lipid A components of LPS.
Studies of enantiomerization of chiral 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide type compounds (2001)

An on-column HPLC procedure using a chiral stationary phase (CSP) was developed for the determination of rate constants and free energy barriers of enantiomerization of (+/-)IDRA21. Subsequently, the HPLC method was applied for investigation of two structurally related chiral compounds. The individual enantiomers of the studied compounds were isolated in parallel by preparative HPLC and rate constants and free energy barriers of enantiomerization were determined in different solvents. The on-column enantiomerization data revealed that CSP induces different rate constants for the two enantiomers. The results generated off-line were used to determine the influence of solvents on the racemization of (+) and (-) IDRA21 and to gain further insight into the enantiomerization mechanism of chiral 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide type compounds.
Making components with controlled metal deposition (2002)

Rapid prototyping is a CAD/CAM/CIM based manufacturing technique which produces prototypes of components in a fraction of the time. This technique works by first drawing the part as a 3 dimensional solid model using a CAD program and then 'printing' it in 3 dimensions. The raw material can be a photopolymer or thermoplastic which solidifies when in contact with light. Other materials are available although 100% metal is not a very usual one. This paper presents a new approach for a rapid prototyping technique which uses robot fusion welding. The component is drawn as a 3D solid in a CAD package, and this is then electronically sliced in order to automatically generate the robot path. The welding parameters are also generated according to the desired material/thickness of the component. By serial link RS-232-C, the robot program is then downloaded. This process works unmanned and proved to be good enough for the purpose. This technique can be used to make not only the prototype but also the final component with the desired metal. Therefore, this represents also a new production technique more suitable for low volume production. The process created is hereby described as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Some case studies are carried out and described. Several other case studies were carried out and published in order to fully test this system and some references are made to those publications.
Beam steering lens based on transformation electromagnetics concept (2015)

Based on transformation electromagnetics concept, the design procedure of a lens antenna, which steers the radiated beam of a primary source, is presented. Laplace's equation is adopted to construct the mapping between the virtual space and the physical space. Full wave simulations are performed to validate the model. The numerical results show that, when placing the lens antenna above a microstrip patch array, the radiated beam is deflected to an off-normal direction.
Two-bag intravenous N-acetylcysteine, antihistamine pretreatment and high plasma paracetamol levels are associated with a lower incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to N-acetylcysteine (2019)

<b>Context:</b><i>N</i>-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used worldwide to prevent liver injury after paracetamol overdoses. Anaphylactoid reactions to NAC occur frequently and often lead to treatment interruptions or discontinuations. In Denmark in 2013, the NAC treatment regimen was simplified from a three-bag to a two-bag NAC regimen. Factors of importance for the development of anaphylactoid reaction to this new regimen are poorly explored. Previous studies have suggested a protective effect of high plasma levels of paracetamol on the development of anaphylactoid reactions. Likewise, exposure to antihistamines prior to NAC treatment may protect against these reactions.<b>Methods:</b> This is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with NAC and with at least one plasma paracetamol sample performed in the Capital Region of Denmark from 2010 to 2017. The primary outcome was the incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to NAC requiring intravenous treatment with antihistamines and/or glucocorticoids. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the risk of developing an anaphylactoid reaction to NAC affected by influencing factors.<b>Results:</b> Of 4315 admissions included in the study, 259 (6.0%) developed an anaphylactoid reaction to NAC. The two-bag regimen (adjusted OR 0.44 [95%CI: 0.32-0.60]), increasing age (adjusted OR 0.84 [95%CI: 0.78-0.90] per 10-year increase) or children <10 years (adjusted OR 0.14 [95%CI: 0.04-0.36]) and antihistamine co-ingestion in overdose (adjusted OR 0.17 [95%CI: 0.02-0.64]) were associated with significantly fewer anaphylactoid reactions. High plasma paracetamol concentrations protected against development of anaphylactoid reactions during the two-bag regimen (adjusted OR 0.59 [95%CI: 0.47-0.71] and three-bag regimen 0.82 [95%CI: 0.72-0.94] per doubling of paracetamol concentration). The effect differed between the two regimens (<i>p</i> = .004 for interaction).<b>Conclusion:</b> In this retrospective cohort, a high peak plasma paracetamol concentration, age, antihistamine co-ingestion and use of the two-bag NAC regimen were associated with fewer anaphylactoid reactions to NAC.
ExpertMatcher: Automating ML Model Selection for Users in Resource Constrained Countries (2019)

In this work we introduce ExpertMatcher, a method for automating deep learning model selection using autoencoders. Specifically, we are interested in performing inference on data sources that are distributed across many clients using pretrained expert ML networks on a centralized server. The ExpertMatcher assigns the most relevant model(s) in the central server given the client's data representation. This allows resource-constrained clients in developing countries to utilize the most relevant ML models for their given task without having to evaluate the performance of each ML model. The method is generic and can be beneficial in any setup where there are local clients and numerous centralized expert ML models.
Iron Regulatory Protein-1 Protects against Mitoferrin-1-deficient Porphyria (2014)

Mitochondrial iron is essential for the biosynthesis of heme and iron-sulfur ([Fe-S]) clusters in mammalian cells. In developing erythrocytes, iron is imported into the mitochondria by MFRN1 (mitoferrin-1, SLC25A37). Although loss of MFRN1 in zebrafish and mice leads to profound anemia, mutant animals showed no overt signs of porphyria, suggesting that mitochondrial iron deficiency does not result in an accumulation of protoporphyrins. Here, we developed a gene trap model to provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that iron regulatory protein-1 (IRP1) inhibits protoporphyrin accumulation. Mfrn1(+/gt);Irp1(-/-) erythroid cells exhibit a significant increase in protoporphyrin levels. IRP1 attenuates protoporphyrin biosynthesis by binding to the 5'-iron response element (IRE) of alas2 mRNA, inhibiting its translation. Ectopic expression of alas2 harboring a mutant IRE, preventing IRP1 binding, in Mfrn1(gt/gt) cells mimics Irp1 deficiency. Together, our data support a model whereby impaired mitochondrial [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis in Mfrn1(gt/gt) cells results in elevated IRP1 RNA-binding that attenuates ALAS2 mRNA translation and protoporphyrin accumulation.
IGBT Process Design and Fabrication Technology (2003)

Process Sequence Definition Unit Process Steps Process Integration and Simulation Review Exercises References Appendix 8.1 Thermal Oxidation of Silicon Appendix 8.2 Derivation of Eqs. (8.3)-(8.5)
Wavelet Analysis of Ecg and Map Signals (2002)

qsin wavelet transform provides the ability to dispky the spectral content of a signal as time elapses. A benefit related to wavelet func- tions is that they are localized both in fre uency and time. ECG and MAP signals obtainel from an anesthesized monkey were analyzed using both continuous wavelet transform and discrete wavelet transform (multiresolution analysis). A noise re- duction method (de-noising) with soft thresh- olding was a plied producing the ECG with re- markably redced noise level. ~eywords-Wavelet transform, multiresolution, noise reduction, ECG, MAP. I. INTRODUCTION The wavelet transform (WT) is a recently introduced time-scale representation which has found applications in a variety of fields. The value of WT as a signal analy- sis tool has been demonstrated by its application e.g. to image compression (7) and the study of evoked potentials At the moment, the interest in using the wavelet transform for the automatic analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) is increasing. The WT has been used in the detec- tion of ventricular late potentials (VLP) (21, (8) and ECG analysis during angioplasty (5). The approach can also be applied to automatic waveform detection (6) and signal compression (IO). The WT decomposes the signal into a number of scales related to frequency components and analyses each scale with a certain resolution. The WT uses a short time in- terval for evaluating higher frequencies and a long time interval for lower frequencies. Due to this property, high frequency components of short duration, for example, can be observed successfully by wavelet transform. Further, wavelet functions are localized both in frequency and in time. It should be noted that properties vary remarkably between each wavelet function. (91.
Astrovirus infection in volunteers (1979)

An extract and a filtrate prepared from feces of a child with mild gastroenteritis were shown by electron microscopy to contain numerous astrovirus particles and were given to eight volunteers by mouth. One subject developed diarrheal illness and concurrently shed large amounts of astrovirus in feces, and one other had mild constitutional symptoms with a lower level of virus shedding. Nine other volunteers were given fecal filtrate from the volunteer with diarrhea, and astrovirus shedding subsequently occurred in two of them. The syndrome accompanying virus shedding appeared distinct from that associated with the "W" agent in previous experiments. Thirteen of 16 astrovirus-inoculated subjects subsequently developed a rise in titer of the homologous antibody in serum. It was concluded that astrovirus causes a transmissible infection that is of low pathogenicity for adults. Immunofluorescence of human embryo kidney cells inoculated with astrovirus and shown by electron microscopy to contain 28 nm virus-like particles was used both to detect virus in feces and to assay astrovirus antibody.
Self-Consistency and Transitivity in Self-Calibration Procedures (1991)

Self-calibration refers to the use of an uncalibrated measuring instrument and an uncalibrated object called an artifact, such as a rigid marked plate, to simultaneously measure the artifact and calibrate the instrument. Typically, the artifact is measured in more than one position, and the required information is derived from comparisons of the various measurements. The problems of self-calibration are surprisingly subtle. This paper develops concepts and vocabulary for dealing with such problems in one and two dimensions and uses simple (non-optimal) measurement procedures to reveal the underlying principles. The approach in two dimensions is mathematically constructive: procedures are described for measuring an uncalibrated artifact in several stages, involving progressive transformations of the instrument''s uncalibrated coordinate system, until correct coordinates for the artifact are obtained and calibration of the instrument is achieved. Self-consistency and transitivity, as defined within, emerge as key concepts. It is shown that self-consistency and transitivity are necessary conditions for self-calibration. Consequently, in general, it is impossible to calibrate a two dimenstional measuring instrument by simply rotating and measureing a calibration plate about a fixed center.
High-performance raster graphics for microcomputer systems (1980)

A frame buffer architecture is presented that reduces the overhead of frame buffer updating by three means. First, the bit-map memory is (x,y) addressable, whereby a string of pixels can be accessed in parallel. Second, the pixel-change operation is performed by hardware in a single read-modify-write cycle. Third, multiple objects in the frame buffer are addressable simultaneously by a set of address registers. The remaining task of generating (x,y) addresses and providing new data can be managed rapidly by current microprocessors or DMA-devices. With a modest expenditure of hardware, this architecture eliminates all the bit-shifting, bit-masking, and bit-manipulation conventionally associated with frame buffer graphics, while retaining the full generality of user-programmable control. The particular implementation described allows raster manipulation at full bit-map memory bandwidth. It can paint a 16×16 pixel character into the frame buffer in 16 microseconds and can modify a 1024×1024 pixel raster in 64 milliseconds.
Enhanced antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles‐ Lonicera Japonica Thunb combo (2015)

Silver metals have long been known to possess antimicrobial properties. Recently, even the nanoparticle version of silver (AgNPs) has also been established as antimicrobials. In this study AgNPs were combined with extracts of the medicinal plant Chinese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica Thunb. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs-herb was tested against pathogenic Escherichia coli CMCC44113. Using different AgNPs or herb (honeysuckle water extract or HWE) ratios in the presence of a fixed concentration of E. coli CMCC44113, potencies were found to be proportional with concentrations. The antimicrobial activities of AgNPs-HWE combo were significant enhanced, when compared with solely AgNPs or HWE. Thus, atomic force microscopic and propidium monoazide-PCR were used to probe the damages caused by AgNPs-HWE combo on the cell morphology and cell membrane integrity of E. coli. The mechanism of AgNPs-HWE combo against E. coli may attribute to AgNPs leads to cell wall lysis and damages cell membrane integrity, and thus increases the penetration of HWE into the bacterium, which results in more serious damage to bacterial cells. These findings indicated that AgNPs-herb was more potent than the AgNPs alone and holds promise for the development of nanoparticle enhanced herbal pharmaceuticals.
High Isolation and Compact Diplexer Using the Hybrid Resonators (2010)

In this letter, a compact microstrip diplexer with very high output isolation is proposed. This diplexer consists of compact hybrid resonators, which are capable of introducing transmission zeros at desired frequencies and meanwhile suppressing signals below the resonant frequencies through tapping the feeding line close to the shorted vias. By designing the transmission zero of the lower-frequency channel in the higher passband, and utilizing the high lower-stopband suppression property of the higher-frequency channel, very high diplexer output isolation can be achieved. The proposed diplexer with center frequencies at 1.8 and 2.45 GHz, respectively, has demonstrated better than 55 dB output isolation and more than 55 dB suppressions in the stopbands. Furthermore, the diplexer occupies only a small area of 0.13λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.2λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .