gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hysteresis modeling in ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2014)

Theoretical models are adapted to describe the hysteresis effects seen in the electrical characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. The ballistic transport model describes the contributions of conduction energy sub-bands over carbon nanotube field-effect transistor drain current as a function of drain-source and gate-source voltages as well as other physical parameters of the device. The limiting-loop proximity model, originally developed to understand magnetic hysteresis, is also utilized in this work. The curves obtained from our developed model corroborate well with the experimentally derived hysteretic behavior of the transistors. Modeling the hysteresis behavior will enable designers to reliably use these effects in both analog and memory applications.
Simulations of non-local spin interaction in atomic magnetometers using LANL’s D-Wave 2X (2017)

This report describes findings from LANL's D-Wave 2X simulation study.
New concepts in prolactin biology (2010)

Human prolactin (PRL) is currently viewed as a hormone of pituitary origin, whose production (i.e. serum levels) is controlled by dopamine, whose biological actions relate exclusively to lactation and reproductive functions, for which any genetic disorder is yet to be identified, and whose unique associated pathology is hyperprolactinemia. Both experimental studies and human sample/cohort-based investigations performed during the past decade have considerably widened our perception of PRL biology: i) there are now strong epidemiological arguments supporting the fact that circulating PRL is a risk factor for breast cancer, ii) in addition to the endocrine hormone, locally produced PRL has been documented in several human tissues; there is increasing evidence supporting the tumor growth potency of local PRL, acting via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, in both rodent models, and human breast and prostate tumors, iii) the first functional germinal polymorphisms of the PRL receptor were recently identified in patients presenting with breast tumors, which involve single amino acid substitution variants exhibiting constitutive activity, iv) human PRL analogs have been engineered, which were shown in experimental models to down-regulate the effects triggered by local PRL (competitive antagonism) or by the constitutively active receptor variants (inverse agonism). The aim of this review is to discuss these novel concepts in PRL biology, including their potential pathophysiological outcomes.
AAV2/5 vector expressing galactocerebrosidase ameliorates CNS disease in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy more efficiently than AAV2 (2005)

Globoid-cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. Infantile GLD has a lethal course with severe cerebral demyelination that progresses to death by 2 years of age. In the current study twitcher mice, an authentic murine model of infantile GLD, were given intracranial injections of either recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 encoding the murine Galc cDNA (AAV2-GALC) or the same genome pseudotyped with AAV5 capsid proteins (AAV2/5-GALC) on day 3 of age. The group injected intracranially with AAV2/5-GALC had approximately 25-fold greater than normal Galc levels in the brain, while AAV2-GALC-injected animals had 28% normal levels. The average life expectancy of twitcher mice ( approximately 38 days) was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased to 48 and 52 days for the AAV2-GALC- and AAV2/5-GALC-treated groups, respectively. The AAV2/5-GALC group performed significantly better in a battery of behavioral tests compared to untreated, AAV2-GFP-treated, or AAV2-treated twitcher animals. This longitudinal study demonstrated that AAV2/5-GALC-mediated gene therapy resulted in higher levels of Galc expression and slowed the neurologic deterioration more completely than AAV2-GALC in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. However, the clinical improvements, as assessed by behavioral tests and life span, were only modest.
Supplementary Figure 5 from An NMR Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 121K, Correlation between the NMR spectral markers and the thickness of the LC infiltration in the 7 day-LC animals&lt;/p&gt;
Security Architecture for Health Grid Using Ambient Intelligence (2005)

We have identified a new paradigm of the security architecture for a health grid that will not only render a security mechanism robust but will also provide the high levels of user-friendliness. As our approach is a first contribution to this problem, a number of other issues for future research remain open. However, the prospects are fascinating.
Drift of Visually Induced Optostatic Torsion (2009)

Visually induced ocular torsion in response to a static tilted scene is not maintained, but drifts back towards the initial reference position. Higher cognitive functions such as imagination and attention certainly have an influence on the outcome.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing is Modulated by Thyroid Hormone Analogs but not Growth Hormone Administration in the Rat (1990)

Recent work has demonstrated that the unique post-transcriptional editing reaction which modifies mammalian apolipoprotein (apo) B100 mRNA, producing an in-frame stop codon in the modified (apo B48) transcript, is modulated in vivo in the rat liver by thyroid hormone (T3). We now report the results of studies undertaken to examine the effects of two synthetic T3 analogs and GH on apo B gene expression together with their effects on hepatic apo A-I, A-IV, C-III, and malic enzyme (ME)mRNAs. The T3 analogs were previously shown to exhibit similar binding to the hepatic nuclear T3 receptor (50% and 38% of native T3) but differing biopotency (18 and less than 3% of native T3). Apo B100 mRNA editing, determined by differential hybridization of polymerase chain reaction amplified apo B cDNA, demonstrated 50-56% unmodified (apo B100) mRNA in control and hypothyroid animals and this proportion was unaltered by GH (61% B100 mRNA), despite a reduction in apo B100 synthesis. Both T3 analogs altered apo B mRNA editing (12-16% B100 mRNA) and no apo B100 synthesis was detectable in vivo. Additionally, both T3 analogs produced a 4- to 10-fold induction in hepatic apo A-I and A-IV mRNA abundance, similar to the effects of native T3. GH produced no alteration in apo A-I or A-IV mRNA abundance and neither T3 analog, GH, or native T3 produced a change in apo C III mRNA abundance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pd‐ and Cu‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Regiocontrolled Decarboxylative/CH Fluoroalkenylation of Heteroarenes (2014)

Pd/Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative/direct C-H alkenylations of heteroarenes with α-fluoroacrylic acid is reported. This method offers step-economical and stereocontrolled access to valuable heteroarylated monofluoroalkenes as both Z and E isomers, which are known to be useful in the synthesis of fluorinated biomolecules.
Effect of carbon on the microstructure and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7$minus$x melt-textured crystals (2002)

YBa2Cu3O7−x (123) high-temperature superconducting powders were synthesized by mixing cost effective Y2O3, CuO and BaCO3 precursor powders and subsequently reacting them at 920 °C in a rotary calciner. The effects of carbon on the critical temperature (Tc), critical current density (Jc), trapped field as well as the growth of melt-textured 123 crystals were examined as a function of the extent of calcination. Increasing carbon content in the sample resulted in lower Tc and zero field Jc, however, high field Jc were improved showing a 'fishtail' effect at 77 K. In addition, the nucleation and growth process of 123 crystals was not affected by the carbon content, but highly porous microstructures were obtained with increasing amounts of carbon.
Molecular basis for coupling the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis (2012)

Dynamic actin filaments are a crucial component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis when endocytic proteins cannot supply enough energy for vesicle budding. Actin cytoskeleton is thought to provide force for membrane invagination or vesicle scission, but how this force is transmitted to the plasma membrane is not understood. Here we describe the molecular mechanism of plasma membrane-actin cytoskeleton coupling mediated by cooperative action of epsin Ent1 and the HIP1R homolog Sla2 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sla2 anchors Ent1 to a stable endocytic coat by an unforeseen interaction between Sla2's ANTH and Ent1's ENTH lipid-binding domains. The ANTH and ENTH domains bind each other in a ligand-dependent manner to provide critical anchoring of both proteins to the membrane. The C-terminal parts of Ent1 and Sla2 bind redundantly to actin filaments via a previously unknown phospho-regulated actin-binding domain in Ent1 and the THATCH domain in Sla2. By the synergistic binding to the membrane and redundant interaction with actin, Ent1 and Sla2 form an essential molecular linker that transmits the force generated by the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, leading to membrane invagination and vesicle budding.
Theory of potential distribution and response of solid state membrane electrodes. I. Zero current (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of potential distribution and response of solid state membrane electrodes. I. Zero currentR. P. BuckCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 10, 1432–1439Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60266a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60266a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Scatter Correction to Eliminate Halo Artifacts for 68Ga-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals in PET Imaging (2019)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the article by Lindemann et al. titled “Improving 68-Ga-PSMA PET/MR Hybrid Imaging of the Prostate with Un-renormalized Absolute Scatter Correction” ([1][1]). The authors present a modified PET scatter-correction algorithm to improve halo artifacts sometimes
Rapid Scanning, Three-Dimensional Hot-Wire AnemometerSurveys of Wing-Tip Vortices (1973)

The use of CADD has effected many changes in traditional work methods of the various interfacing disciplines at MCAIR. We have streamlined our tasks by utilizing the cost/time saving techniques presently afforded by this system, and plan to continue additional development efforts which will further improve it. As we discover more and more practical applications for CADD, new or modified software routines will be formulated to make the system as responsive and reliable as possible. Since the potential for substantial dollar savings exists, particularly in the area of manufacturing, we are consciously attempting to align our techniques to make engineering data as usable as possible by manufacturing personnel in its existing form, thus eliminating as many intermediate manual processes as possible. Our final objectives, however, cannot now be defined. CADD's utility will increase as we continue to conceive new ideas for its application. Its ultimate benefits can only be determined by the limits of our creative imagination.
Compression Strength of Porous Sintered Alumina and Zirconia (1953)

The influence of controlled porosity on the compression strength of sintered pure alumina and of partly magnesia‐stabilized zirconia was investigated. Bodies with porosities ranging from approximately 3 to 60% by volume were prepared utilizing hydrogen peroxide to induce pore formation. Cubes of approximately 1.2‐cm, unit length were used in testing for compression strength at room temperature. The spatial arrangement of pores in sintered alumina was found to exert an influence, inasmuch as bodies with pores lined parallel to the pressure direction revealed a higher strength than bodies of the same porosity but with pores lined mainly perpendicular to this direction. It was found that an increase of porosity by 10 volume % decreased the strength of both sintered alumina and sintered zirconia by half of their initial respective values.
O2‐02–02: Soluble amyloid β‐protein dimers isolated directly from Alzheimer's disease patients potently impair synaptic plasticity and memory (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the subtle amnestic syndrome that precedes it are highly prevalent and constitute a rising threat to public health. Despite extensive research in cellular and animal models, identifying the specific pathogenic agent present in AD brain tissue and showing that it can confer the key features of the disease have not been achieved. Soluble amyloid β-protein (Aβ) was extracted directly from cerebral cortex of patients with typical AD. These extracts were tested for effects on synapse physiology and morphology. The soluble Aβ potently inhibited long term potentiation (LTP), enhanced long term depression (LTD), and reduced dendritic spine density in normal rodent hippocampus. Mechanistically, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors was required for the LTD enhancement and of NMDA receptors for the spine loss. Therapeutically, co-administering antibodies to the Aβ N-terminus fully prevented the LTP and LTD deficits, whereas antibodies to the mid-region or C-terminus were less effective. Importantly, soluble Aβ extracted from human AD cortex also acutely disrupted the memory of a learned behavior in normal rats. Analysis of the soluble AD extract by non-denaturing size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed a range of Aβ species, including monomers, dimers and complexes larger than 70 kDa; the latter ran as monomers and dimers on denaturing gels. The SEC fraction containing Aβ dimers significantly inhibited LTP, whereas the species eluting at >70 kDa did not acutely perturb this form of synaptic plasticity. Partial purification of the soluble extract by immunoaffinity and subsequent gel filtration confirmed Aβ dimers as the earliest Aβ assembly form capable of impairing synapse physiology. The remarkable potency of the Aβ dimer from AD cortex in inhibiting LTP was confirmed by testing a pure, crosslinked synthetic Aβ peptide dimer. Notably, insoluble amyloid plaque cores isolated from AD cortex did not impair LTP unless they were first solubilized by formic acid to release Aβ dimers, demonstrating that plaque cores sequester synaptotoxic Aβ species that are not readily released to alter synapse physiology. We conclude that soluble Aβ dimers extracted directly from the cortex of AD patients potently impair synapse structure and function in the hippocampus.
Molecular Signature for Receptor Engagement in the Metabolic Peptide Hormone Amylin (2018)

The pancreatic peptide hormone, amylin, plays a critical role in the control of appetite, and synergizes with other key metabolic hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). There is opportunity to develop potent and long-acting analogues of amylin or hybrids between these and GLP-1 mimetics for treating obesity. To achieve this, interrogation of how the 37 amino acid amylin peptide engages with its complex receptor system is required. We synthesized an extensive library of peptides to profile the human amylin sequence, determining the role of its disulfide loop, amidated <i>C</i>-terminus and receptor "capture" and "activation" regions in receptor signaling. We profiled four signaling pathways with different ligands at multiple receptor subtypes, in addition to exploring selectivity determinants between related receptors. Distinct roles for peptide subregions in receptor binding and activation were identified, resulting in peptides with greater activity than the native sequence. Enhanced peptide activity was preserved in the brainstem, the major biological target for amylin. Interpretation of our data using full-length active receptor models supported by molecular dynamics, metadynamics, and supervised molecular dynamics simulations guided the synthesis of a potent dual agonist of GLP-1 and amylin receptors. The data offer new insights into the function of peptide amidation, how allostery drives peptide-receptor interactions, and provide a valuable resource for the development of novel amylin agonists for treating diabetes and obesity.
THE EFFECTS OF 5α-REDUCTASE INHIBITORS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY, DETECTION AND GRADING OF PROSTATE CANCER: CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE (2005)

5ARIs decrease the risk of prostate cancer but also alter the detection of disease through effects on prostate specific antigen, and prostate volume and histology. The weight of evidence suggests an artifactual effect of finasteride on Gleason grading in the PCPT. The role of 5ARIs for prostate cancer chemoprevention needs further examination before it can be considered for wide recommendation.
Observations of the seasonal cycle of upper ocean structure and the roles of advection and diapycnal mixing (1987)

Two 3.5‐month profile time series of temperature, salinity, and current in the seasonal thermocline of the northwest Sargasso Sea are used to estimate the contributions of density advection by geostrophic currents and diapycnal mixing to the observed density changes. The two records were collected in opposite seasons (spring‐summer and fall‐winter) at 34°N, 70°W as part of the Long‐Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS). These records show the formation and decay of the seasonal pycnocline and the accompanying changes in upper ocean temperature‐salinity relationships. Geostrophic advection is an important contributor to density variability at vertical wavelengths of 100 m and greater at subinertial frequencies. Diapycnal diffusion accounts for observed cooling over time scales of a week and longer when currents are sufficiently weak that advective effects do not overwhelm the mixing signal.
Low repetition rate master source for opticalprocessing in ultrahigh-speed OTDM networks (1995)

A simple technique for the generation of transform-limited pulses with durations of a few picoseconds at low repetition rates is reported. This is demonstrated experimentally and 6 ps pulses are generated at 1 and 2 GHz. These pulse trains have very low duty cycles and background levels.
Covalently Linked, Two-Dimensional Quantum Dot Assemblies (2020)

Using nanoscale building blocks to construct hierarchical materials is a radical new branch point in materials discovery that promises new structures and emergent functionality. Understanding the design principles that govern nanoparticle assembly is critical to moving this field forward. By exploiting mixed ligand environments to target patchy nanoparticle surfaces, we have demonstrated a novel method of colloidal quantum dot (QD) assembly that gives rise to 2D structures. The equilibration of solutions of spherical and quasispherical QDs, including CdS, CdSe, and InP, with 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diacrylic acid resulted in the preferential formation of 2D assemblies over the course of days as determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirms the existence of the QD assemblies in solution. The dependence of the assembly on linker properties (length and rigidity), linker concentration, and total concentration was investigated, together with the data point to a mechanism involving ligand redistribution to create a patchy surface that maximizes the steric repulsion of neighboring QDs. By operating in an underexchanged regime, the arising patchiness results in enthalpically preferred directions of cross-linking that can be accessed by thermal equilibration.
Corrigendum to ‘Therapeutic vaccination refocuses T-cell responses towards conserved regions of HIV-1 in early treated individuals (BCN 01 study)’ EClinicalMedicine 11 (2019) 65–80 (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.05.009.].
A cowboy's cuppa (2015)

In reply to Karen Yates' article Physics on a coffee break (Lateral Thoughts, April p52).
Web-based Surveillance and GlobalSalmonellaDistribution, 2000–2002 (2006)

Salmonellae are a common cause of foodborne disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports international foodborne disease surveillance through WHO Global Salm-Surv and other activities. WHO Global Salm-Surv members annually report the 15 most frequently isolated Salmonella serotypes to a Web-based country databank. We describe the global distribution of reported Salmonella serotypes from human and nonhuman sources from 2000 to 2002. Among human isolates, S. Enteritidis was the most common serotype, accounting for 65% of all isolates. Among nonhuman isolates, although no serotype predominated, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was reported most frequently. Several serotypes were reported from only 1 region of the world. The WHO Global Salm-Surv country databank is a valuable public health resource; it is a publicly accessible, Web-based tool that can be used by health professionals to explore hypotheses related to the sources and distribution of salmonellae worldwide.
The Next Generation of Combat Casualty Care (2009)

From the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas. Submitted for publication November 18, 2008. Accepted for publication January 16, 2009. Address for reprints: Lorne H. Blackbourne MD, FACS, LHB commander, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3400 Rawley E. Chambers Ave., Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234; email: [email protected].
Hands-On Tutorial: (H-)AdResS in ESPResSo++ (2013)

This tutorial explains the implementation of the (Hamiltonian) Adaptive Resolution Scheme ((H-)AdResS) in ESPResSo++ by discussing and performing example calculations. All the files required for the tutorial can be found in the subfolder hadress in the examples folder of ESPResSo++. For the theoretical background about (H-)AdResS we would like to refer you to the talk ”ESPResSo++ and (H-)AdResS” given by Raffaello Potestio on 10.10.2013. Furthermore, there is a list of references at the end of this script. We assume that, by now, you have a running version of ESPResSo++ installed on your machine. Otherwise, if you need help with the installation of ESPResSo++, let Torsten or me know.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) signalling activity in paediatric pilocytic astrocytoma is restricted to tumour endothelial cells (2011)

Phosphorylated VEGFR-2 is detected on endothelial cells in paediatric pilocytic astrocytoma. Furthermore, endothelial cells are the main source of VEGFR1-3 mRNA expression. This suggests a crucial role for VEGF/VEGFR-induced angiogenesis in the progression and maintenance of these tumours.