gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2X7 Integrates PI3K/AKT and AMPK-PRAS40-mTOR Signaling Pathways to Mediate Tumor Cell Death (2013)

Our study defines novel molecular mechanisms underpinning the antitumor actions of P2X7 and provides a further rationale for purine-based drugs in targeted cancer therapy.
Synthesis and Performance of Advanced Ceramic Lasers (2006)

This paper reports recent progress in the production of polycrystalline Nd:YAG (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ), Nd:YSAG (Y 3 Sc 1.0 Al 4.0 O 12 ), Yb:YSAG ceramics, and a Nd‐doped YAG single crystal with an almost perfect pore‐free structure by advanced ceramic processing. The laser conversion efficiency of pore‐free polycrystalline Nd‐ and Yb‐doped ceramics is extremely high, and their optical qualities are comparable with that of commercial high‐quality Nd:YAG single crystals. We have also succeeded in the fabrication of a Nd:YAG single crystal, which can be used for laser oscillation, by the solid‐state reaction method. Laser oscillation efficiency was very low when the pores remained inside the single crystal; however, the laser oscillation efficiency of the pore‐free Nd:YAG single crystal was slightly higher than that of polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics having high optical quality. From this fact, it was recognized that optical scattering occurs mainly in the residual pores inside the Nd:YAG ceramics and the scattering at the grain boundary is very less. In addition, we confirmed that a heavily doped Nd:YAG single crystal can be fabricated by the sintering method. Moreover, we have demonstrated the fabrication of a composite ceramic with complicated structures without the need for precise polishing and diffusion bonding. Advanced ceramic processing, which enables design flexibility of the laser element, presented in this work is important in the development of a high‐performance laser (high efficiency, high beam quality, and high output energy, etc.)
A natural recessive resistance gene against potato virus Y in pepper corresponds to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) (2002)

We show here that the pvr2 locus in pepper, conferring recessive resistance against strains of potato virus Y (PVY), corresponds to a eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) gene. RFLP analysis on the PVY-susceptible and resistant pepper cultivars, using an eIF4E cDNA from tobacco as probe, revealed perfect map co-segregation between a polymorphism in the eIF4E gene and the pvr2 alleles, pvr2(1) (resistant to PVY-0) and pvr2(2) (resistant to PVY-0 and 1). The cloned pepper eIF4E cDNA encoded a 228 amino acid polypeptide with 70-86% nucleotide sequence identity with other plant eIF4Es. The sequences of eIF4E protein from two PVY-susceptible cultivars were identical and differed from the eIF4E sequences of the two PVY-resistant cultivars Yolo Y (YY) (pvr2(1)) and FloridaVR2 (F) (pvr2(2)) at two amino acids, a mutation common to both resistant genotypes and a second mutation specific to each. Complementation experiments were used to show that the eIF4E gene corresponds to pvr2. Thus, potato virus X-mediated transient expression of eIF4E from susceptible cultivar Yolo Wonder (YW) in the resistant genotype YY resulted in loss of resistance to subsequent PVY-0 inoculation and transient expression of eIF4E from YY (resistant to PVY-0; susceptible to PVY-1) rendered genotype F susceptible to PVY-1. Several lines of evidence indicate that interaction between the potyvirus genome-linked protein (VPg) and eIF4E are important for virus infectivity, suggesting that the recessive resistance could be due to incompatibility between the VPg and eIF4E in the resistant genotype.
X-band traveling wave maser (Correspondence) (1968)

A traveling wave maser (TWM) has been constructed for use at 8448 MHz. It provides a net gain of 41.5 dB when installed in a closed-cycle helium refrigerator operating at 4.4°K. The maser provides more than 30 dB net gain over a tunable range of 140 MHz. An equivalent input noise temperature of approximately 18°K has been measured. The net gain of the maser (41.5 dB) has a short-term stability such that the radiometer stability (0.08 dB peak to peak) is not degraded when the maser is added to the system. The maser can be tuned over a 140 MHz range with net gain exceeding 30 dB. Cool-down time of the closed-cycle refrigerator with this maser is 4.6 hours (no liquid nitrogen precooking) and 2.4 hours with precooking.
Copper-Catalyzed Nondecarboxylative Cross Coupling of Alkenyltrifluoroborate Salts with Carboxylic Acids or Carboxylates: Synthesis of Enol Esters (2013)

A mild copper-catalyzed Chan-Lam-Evans type cross-coupling reaction for the regioselective and stereospecific preparation of (E)- or (Z)-enol esters is described. The method couples carboxylate salts or carboxylic acids with potassium alkenyltrifluoroborate salts in the presence of catalytic CuBr and DMAP with 4 Å molecular sieves under O2 at 60 °C. Overall, this method demonstrates carboxylic acids as suitable reaction partners for nondecarboxylative copper-catalyzed cross-couplings to form C-O bonds in an Ullmann-like reaction.
Characterization of Group C and G Streptococcal Strains That Cause Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (2004)

Twelve strains (the largest number ever reported) of group C and G(1) streptococci (GCS and GGS, respectively) that caused streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) were collected and characterized. Eleven strains were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, and one strain was identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. We found that it was the first reported case of STSS caused by S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Cluster analysis according to the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences revealed that the S. dysgalactiae strains belonged to clusters I and II, both of which were closely related. The emm types and the restriction patterns of chromosomal DNA measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were highly variable in these strains except BL2719 and N1434. The 16S rDNA sequences and other characteristics of these two strains were indistinguishable, suggesting the clonal dissemination of this particular S. dysgalactiae strain in Japan. As the involvement of superantigens in the pathogenesis of group A streptococcus-related STSS has been suggested, we tried to detect known streptococcal superantigens in GCS and GGS strains. However, only the spegg gene was detected in seven S. dysgalactiae strains, with none of the other superantigen genes being detected in any of the strains. However, the sagA gene was detected in all of the strains except Tokyo1291. In the present study no apparent factor(s) responsible for the pathogenesis of STSS was identified, although close genetic relationships of GCS and GGS strains involved in this disease were suggested.
Fast recovery of evolutionary trees with thousands of nodes (2001)

We present a novel distance-based algorithm for evolutionary tree reconstruction. Our algorithm reconstructs the topology of a tree with n leaves in O(n2) time using O(n) working space. In the general Markov model of evolution the algorithm recovers the topology successfully with (1 — Ο(1)) probability from sequences with polynomial length in n. Moreover, for almost all trees, our algorithm achieves the same success probability on polylogarithmic sample sizes. The theoretical results are supported by simulation experiments involving trees with 500, 1895, and 3135 leaves. The topologies of the trees are recovered with high success from 2000 bp DNA sequences.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Strong Smooth Muscle Differentiation Is Dependent on Myocardin Gene Amplification in Most Human Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Strong Smooth Muscle Differentiation Is Dependent on Myocardin Gene Amplification in Most Human Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcomas
Conjugated Oligomers as Fluorescence Marker for the Determination of the Self-Healing Efficiency in Mussel-Inspired Polymers (2018)

Within the current study, a novel approach for the detailed determination of the scratch healing efficiency in mussel-inspired polymer films is presented. For this purpose, a sensor molecule was incorporated into a self-healing polymer network based on reversible zinc–histidine interactions. The fluorescence of the sensor molecule was monitored enabling a detailed depth- and time-resolved determination of the healing efficiency by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, this concept represents an efficient and detailed approach for the determination of the scratch self-healing efficiency in polymer films and can also be applied for other scratch self-healing systems, which are based on reversible dynamic bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ketene Aminals with an Imidazolidine Ring by Condensation of 4,5‐Dihydro‐2‐(methylthio)‐1H‐imidazoles with Active Methylene Compounds and Some Addition and Cyclocondensation Reactions. (1986)

Abstract The methylthioimidazoles (I) react with corresponding active methylene Compounds (II) to give the substituted methyleneimidazolidines (III) by elimination of methanethiol.
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Human <i>TLR</i> Innate Immune Gene Family Is Differentially Influenced by DNA Stress and <i>p53</i> Status in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 40K, p53 to TLR genes promoters in MCF7 cells&lt;/p&gt;
TEST OF THE FRONT-END ELECTRONICS AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR THE LIPAC BPMS (2011)

Non-interceptive Beam Position Monitors pickups (BPMs) will be installed along the beamlines of the IFMIF/EVEDA linear prototype accelerator (LIPAC) to measure the transverse beam position in the vacuum chamber in order to correct the dipolar and tilt errors. Depending on the location, the BPMs response must be optimized for a beam of 175 MHz bunch repetition, an energy range from 5 to 9 MeV, a current between 0.1 and 125 mA and continuous and pulse operation. The requirements from beam dynamics for the BPMs are quite stringent, aiming for the position an accuracy below 100µm and a resolution below 10µm, and for the phase an accuracy below 2 � and a resolution below 0.3 � . To meet these specifications, the BPM electronics system developed by ESSBilbao has been adapted for its use with the BPMs of LIPAC. This electronics system is divided in an Analog FrontEnd (AFE) unit, where the signals are conditioned and converted to baseband, and a Digital Unit (DU) to sample them and calculate the position and phase. The electronics system has been tested at CIEMAT with a wire test bench and a prototype BPM. In this contribution, the tests performed will be fully described and the results discussed.
Application of a Coagulating Preparation Obtained with Rhizomucor Miehei N in Cheese-Making (2006)

Studies were carried out to determine the suitability of a coagulating preparation, Rhizomucor proteinase, obtained from Rhizomucor miehei for production of Camembert, Edam and Cheddar cheeses. While analyzing the cheese-making process, it was found that the obtained preparation could be used in the production of high quality cheeses without the need for changing the established technological parameters. In cheeses produced with Rhizomucor proteinase, proteolysis and lipolysis was more intense than in renin cheeses - whi ch has a beneficial effect on cheese sensory properties. Lower utilization of milk nitrogen compounds and fat encourages further studies into the application of the obtained preparation in combination with other coagulating enzymes.
The DIBBS blackboard control architecture and its application to distributed natural language processing (2002)

The authors present DIBBS, a domain-independent blackboard system that has been used for applications in distributed natural language processing (NLP). It is shown how the explicit representation of control knowledge as units on the DIBBS control blackboard allows an application to implement dynamic control strategies and reason about its own problem-solving performance. The DIBBS truth maintenance dependency network allows robust treatment of control issues in conflict resolution. All of these properties makes DIBBS especially appropriate for applications in distributed NLP, such as the DIOGENES and DIANA systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chalcones bearing morpholine moiety as antiproliferative agents (2018)

In this research, a new series of ($E)$-3-(4-substitutedphenyl)-1-(4'-morpholinophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives 1-7 was synthesized, aiming to develop effective antiproliferative agents. The antiproliferative activities of compounds 1-7 were examined against HeLa and C6 cell lines at eight different concentrations using the BrdU ELISA assay. The activity results were compared with reference anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Compound 1 had almost the same antiproliferative activity as 5-FU. Compounds 1-7 were found to have greater effects against the C6 cell line than the HeLa cell line. These compounds were also tested in order to determine their effects on enzyme activities. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited strong activator characteristics against pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) with AC$_{50}$ values of 2.2 and 14.28 $\mu $M\textbf. Compounds 2, 3, and 7acted as inhibitors with IC$_{50}$ values in the range of 84.08-165.38 $\mu $M for carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I (hCA I), and compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated inhibitory effects against carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II (hCA II) with IC$_{50}$ values of 108.11 and 112.52 $\mu $M, respectively. hCA II was activated by derivatives 1, 2, 6, and 7} with AC$_{50}$ values in the range of 85.53-146.59 $\mu $M.
QUAREL: A Dataset and Models for Answering Questions about Qualitative Relationships (2019)

Many natural la guage questions require recognizing and reasoning with qualitative relationships (e.g., in science, economics, and medicine), but are challenging to answer with corpus-based methods. Qualitative modeling provides tools that support such reasoning, but the semantic parsing task of mapping questions into those models has formidable challenges. We present QUAREL, a dataset of diverse story questions involving qualitative relationships that characterize these challenges, and techniques that begin to address them. The dataset has 2771 questions relating 19 different types of quantities. For example, “Jenny observes that the robot vacuum cleaner moves slower on the living room carpet than on the bedroom carpet. Which carpet has more friction?” We contribute (1) a simple and flexible conceptual framework for representing these kinds of questions; (2) the QUAREL dataset, including logical forms, exemplifying the parsing challenges; and (3) two novel models for this task, built as extensions of type-constrained semantic parsing. The first of these models (called QUASP+) significantly outperforms off-the-shelf tools on QUAREL. The second (QUASP+ZERO) demonstrates zero-shot capability, i.e., the ability to handle new qualitative relationships without requiring additional training data, something not possible with previous models. This work thus makes inroads into answering complex, qualitative questions that require reasoning, and scaling to new relationships at low cost. The dataset and models are available at http://data.allenai.org/quarel.
The protective effect of serum lipoproteins against bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (1993)

Lipoproteins bind and inactivate bacterial endotoxin, both in vitro and in vivo. Both cholesterol ester-rich and TG-rich lipoproteins, and TG-rich lipid emulsions can prevent death in mice when pre-incubated with a lethal dose of endotoxin before intraperitoneal administration. Chylomicrons can also prevent death when given intravenously after endotoxin in rats. The metabolic fate of lipoprotein-bound endotoxin appears to be directed by the lipoprotein particle. When administered with chylomicrons, the plasma clearance and hepatic uptake of endotoxin are enhanced. Endotoxin is shunted preferentially to hepatocytes and away from hepatic macrophages, thereby increasing endotoxin excretion [corrected] in bile. The survival benefit and alterations in metabolism afforded by chylomicrons correlate with a reduction in peak serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), providing a possible mechanism by which lipoproteins protect against endotoxin-induced death. These findings suggest a possible role for lipoproteins or lipid emulsions in the body's defence against endotoxaemia.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Summary of the Joint European and North American Multisociety Statement (2019)

This is a condensed summary of an international multisociety statement on ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology produced by the ACR, European Society of Radiology, RSNA, Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine, European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics, Canadian Association of Radiologists, and American Association of Physicists in Medicine. AI has great potential to increase efficiency and accuracy throughout radiology, but it also carries inherent pitfalls and biases. Widespread use of AI-based intelligent and autonomous systems in radiology can increase the risk of systemic errors with high consequence and highlights complex ethical and societal issues. Currently, there is little experience using AI for patient care in diverse clinical settings. Extensive research is needed to understand how to best deploy AI in clinical practice. This statement highlights our consensus that ethical use of AI in radiology should promote well-being, minimize harm, and ensure that the benefits and harms are distributed among stakeholders in a just manner. We believe AI should respect human rights and freedoms, including dignity and privacy. It should be designed for maximum transparency and dependability. Ultimate responsibility and accountability for AI remains with its human designers and operators for the foreseeable future. The radiology community should start now to develop codes of ethics and practice for AI that promote any use that helps patients and the common good and should block use of radiology data and algorithms for financial gain without those two attributes.
A model system for delocalized chemiosmotic coupling exhibited the features thought diagnostic of localized coupling (1986)

Correspondence| June 15 1986 A model system for delocalized chemiosmotic coupling exhibited the features thought diagnostic of localized coupling H V Westerhoff; H V Westerhoff Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R L Van der Bend; R L Van der Bend Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K Van Dam; K Van Dam Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Berden; J Berden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Peterson J Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1986) 236 (3): 932–933. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2360932 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H V Westerhoff, R L Van der Bend, K Van Dam, J Berden, J Peterson; A model system for delocalized chemiosmotic coupling exhibited the features thought diagnostic of localized coupling. Biochem J 15 June 1986; 236 (3): 932–933. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2360932 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 London: The Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fungicide Efficacy and Specificity Toward Fungi in the Cranberry Fruit Rot Disease Complex (2014)

Cranberry fruit rot is an economically important disease complex comprised of as many as 15 different fungi that destroy cranberries in the field and/or after harvest. We evaluated fungicides in six field trials over 3 years for their ability to reduce the incidence of cranberry fruit rot and for their specificity in controlling six principal pathogens in the complex: Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phomopsis vaccinii, Phyllosticta vaccinii, and Physalospora vaccinii. Fruit rot incidence and efficacy of fungicides varied greatly among replicate plots within trials and among trials, often making it difficult to discern significant differences among treatments. However, in general, the newer strobilurin and sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were at least as effective as the industry standards, chlorothalonil and mancozeb. An exception was the DMI fungicide fenbuconazole, which was ineffective in three of five trials. Compared to other fungicides, fenbuconazole was weak in controlling Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which along with Coleophoma empetri, dominated among fungi isolated from rotten berries. The results are being used to develop disease management programs that control the key fruit rot pathogens with reduced reliance on environmentally risky and potentially carcinogenic fungicides. Accepted for publication 21 January 2014. Published 14 March 2014.
Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic System for Implementing Maintenance Schedules of Offshore Power Systems (2011)

Smart grid provides the technology for modernizing electricity delivery systems by using distributed and computer-based remote sensing, control and automation, and two-way communications. Potential benefits of the technology are that the smart grid's central control will now be able to control and operate many remote power plant, optimize the overall asset utilization and operational efficiently. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for the smart grid to handle uncertainties arising from condition monitoring and maintenance of power plant. The approach uses an adaptive maintenance advisor and a system-maintenance optimizer for designing/implementing optimized condition-based maintenance activities, and collectively handles operational variations occurring in each substation. The system-maintenance optimizer generates the initial maintenance plans for each substation with multiobjective optimization by considering only the design or average operational conditions. During operation, the substation will experience aging, control shifts, changing weather and load factors, and uncertain measurements. Residing on each host substation, the maintenance advisor will assess the adequacy of initial maintenance plans; and estimate the reliability changes caused by operational variations on the substation using a hierarchical fuzzy system. The advisor will also alert the maintenance optimizer on whether a reoptimization of its maintenance activities should be initiated for meeting the overall grid-reliability requirement. Three scenarios will be studied in this paper, which will demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach for handling operational variations occurring in an offshore substation with manageable computational complexity.
Trefoil factor 1 is required for the commitment programme of mouse oxyntic epithelial progenitors (2004)

In the oxyntic mucosa, all three TFFs are produced in a lineage specific manner and TFF1 is essential in maintaining the normal commitment programme of epithelial progenitors.
Use of Ruthenium Red Staining to Detect Mast Cell Degranulation In Vivo (1995)

This RR technique facilitates rapid detection of mast cell degranulation in vivo and provides an opportunity to assess both mast cell and microvascular function simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of 1,1,2,2‐Tetrahalo‐1,2‐digermacyclobut‐3‐ene Derivatives. The First Representatives of a New Class of Heterocycles. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the thiacycloheptyne (I) with the dihalogermylenes (II) or (III) gives the fused digermacyclobutenes (IV).