gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site Relations of Slash Pine on Dredge Mine Spoils (1984)

Abstract Dredge mining for heavy minerals is carried out on large areas of Spodosol soils in the Georgia‐Florida coastal plain. Attempts to return these areas to productive slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliotii ) forests have usually failed. This study was conducted to determine if changes in soil moisture regime or extremely low nutrient availability induced by the mining operation were the causes of such failure. Nutrient contents of the mined soils were low, but this did not appear to be the major cause of poor tree growth. Changes in topography and the removal of organic and sesquioxide coatings from the thick spodic horizon caused the mined soils' moisture regimes to be very different from those occurring in the coarse sandy soils prior to mining. Before mining, the soils were fairly uniform, somewhat poorly drained Spodosols. After mining, the soils ranged from Typic to Aquic Quartzipsamments, and only a small proportion of the area retained a moisture regime suitable for vigorous slash pine growth. Plantation failure on these sites could have been mitigated by grading the spoils to nearly level contours and increasing the organic matter content through additions of waste humate from the mining process or sewage sludge, or by planting a variety of tree species onto the various microsites present in the mined landscape.
Formation & Mitigation of "Metallic Soap" Sludge, Attaka, Indonesia Field (2002)

Abstract Greenish-brown sludge is formed in significant quantities during production of oil and water from the Serang field, offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This interfacial sludge is comprised of entrained free oil, water and solids, and is stabilized by material described as a "metallic soap." In the absence of fluid treatment, removal and disposal of the sludge is tedious, expensive, and represents significant un-recovered oil. The sludge was carefully characterized to understand its formation mechanism, so that remedial actions could be taken to mitigate its deposition. The sludge was characterized by elemental analyses, x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the characterization studies suggest that sludge filtered and dried at 100°C (to remove free oil and water) consists of ~70 wt% branched and straight chain hydrocarbons in the range of C14 – C28. About 20 wt% of the sludge consists of C28 – C30 carboxylate salts and &amp;lt;5 wt% is inorganic minerals. Emulsification of oil, water droplets and solids by carboxylate salts and bicarbonate ions from water is the most likely sludge formation mechanism. Laboratory and field tests have demonstrated that the sludge can be dissolved by low dosages of commercially available sludge dissolving agents containing combinations of acids. As a result of dissolving the sludge, incremental oil is recovered, which offsets chemical treatment and sludge disposal costs. Although the sludge may be dissolved at the Santan onshore processing facility (end-of-pipe), sludge formation is best mitigated by treating the point-of-source at the Serang offshore platform.
Modulation-spectroscopy study of theGa1−xAlxSbband structure (1983)

We report a detailed study of the ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ band structure over the entire composition range. We have determined the energies, as a function of temperature, at which the direct transitions ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}^{c}({E}_{0})$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}^{c}({E}_{0}+{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0})$, ${L}_{4,5}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{6}^{c}({E}_{1})$, and ${L}_{6}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{6}^{c}({E}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1})$ occur, and those at which the indirect transitions ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{6}^{c}({E}_{X})$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{6}^{c}({E}_{L})$ occur. A simple physical model is proposed to explain the experimental values of the ${E}_{0}$, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$, ${E}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ bowing parameters. A detailed comparison is made between our results and previously reported ones.
Comparison of methods to characterize the penetration of hot melt adhesive into paper (2022)

Abstract In the use of hot melt adhesives in the production of paper-based packaging, the controlled penetration of the adhesive is important to obtain rapid setting rates, good bond strength, and the efficient use of adhesive. Measuring adhesive penetration depth has been limited to cross-sectional images, but quantifying the depth of penetration is difficult from these images. No quantitative method is well established in the literature. Four different techniques are compared to quantitatively measure adhesive penetration depth. Two methods involve separating the paperboard from the adhesive layer. Two other methods use of silicone oil penetration and mercury porosimetry to measure the decrease of pore volume after the adhesive is applied. These methods are compared with samples generated for various parameters. Experiments were conducted using a typical hot melt glue on uncoated and coated paperboard sample. Cross-sectional images from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirm the penetration of some samples. The accuracy and repeatability of these methods were compared. Because of some issues with trying to repeatably remove the paper layer for the weight and thickness methods, and the time and cost of the mercury porosimeter method, the silicone oil method is a nice method to characterize the adhesive penetration depth.
An experimental study of the eﬀect of fibrous fillers on the properties of polyolefins (2020)

The results of a study of the dependences of the physical-mechanical and tribotechnical properties of polyolefins on the content of fibrous fillers are presented. The optimal content of fibrous fillers is established. Optimum compositions of functional antifrictionwear-resistant composite materials have been developed that have suﬃciently high physical, mechanical and tribotechnical properties.
Intestinal Enzyme Profiles in Normal and Rotavirus-Infected Mice (1988)

To investigate further the pathophysiology of rotavirus-induced diarrhea, changes in specific activities of eight relevant intestinal enzymes [alkaline phosphatase, thymidine kinase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), adenylate and guanylate cyclases] were measured following infection of suckling mice with murine rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mouse strain) and compared with age-matched control mice. The concentration of lactose within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract during infection was also measured. During the course of infection, activities of alkaline phosphatase and lactase decreased, whilst the activity of thymidine kinase increased. Precocious maturation profiles of sucrase and maltase enzymes were observed. No significant changes were detected in the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase or the adenylate and guanylate cyclases. These results are discussed in relation to existing and novel hypotheses on the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
Oxidative Stress Biology and Cell Injury During Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects approximately 170 million individuals worldwide and is expected to alter the lives of at least 366 million individuals within a future span of 25 years. Of even greater concern is the premise that these projections are underestimated since they assume obesity levels will remain constant. Type 1 insulin-dependent DM accounts for only 5-10 percent of all diabetics but represents a highly significant health concern, since this disorder begins early in life and leads to long-term complications. In contrast, Type 2 DM is recognized as the etiology of over 80 percent of all diabetics and is dramatically increasing in incidence as a result of changes in human behavior and increased body mass index. Yet, the pathological consequences of these disorders that involve the both the neuronal and vascular systems are intimately linked through the pathways that mediate oxidative stress. Here we highlight some of the relevant oxidative pathways that determine insulin resistance through reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, uncoupling proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These pathways are ultimately linked to protein kinase B (Akt) and the insulin signaling pathways that determine the initial onset of glucose intolerance and the subsequent course to apoptotic cell injury. Through the elucidation of these targets, improvement in current strategies as well as the development of future clinical applications can move forward for both the prevention and treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 DM.
An experimental study of satisfiability search heuristics (2002)

Interest in propositional satisfiability (SAT) has been on the rise lately, spurred in part by the recent availability of powerful solvers that are sufficiently efficient and robust to deal with the large-scale SAT problems that typically arise in electronic design automation application. A frequent question that CAD tool developers and users typically ask is which of these various solvers is "best"; the quick answer is, of course, "it depends". In this paper we attempt to gain some insight into, rather than definitively answer, this question.
Placental Leucine Aminopeptidase Efficiently Generates Mature Antigenic Peptides In Vitro but in Patterns Distinct from Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (2010)

All three members of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), ERAP2, and placental leucine aminopeptidase (PLAP), also known as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase, have been implicated in the generation of MHC class I-presented peptides. ERAP1 and 2 trim peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum for direct presentation, whereas PLAP has been recently implicated in cross-presentation. The best characterized member of the family, ERAP1, has unique enzymatic properties that fit well with its role in Ag processing. ERAP1 can trim a large variety of long peptide sequences and efficiently accumulate mature antigenic epitopes of 8-9 aa long. In this study, we evaluate the ability of PLAP to process antigenic peptide precursors in vitro and compare it with ERAP1. We find that, similar to ERAP1, PLAP can trim a variety of long peptide sequences efficiently and, in most cases, accumulates appreciable amounts of correct length mature antigenic epitope. Again, similar to ERAP1, PLAP continued trimming some of the epitopes tested and accumulated smaller products effectively destroying the epitope. However, the intermediate accumulation properties of ERAP1 and PLAP are distinct and epitope dependent, suggesting that these two enzymes may impose different selective pressures on epitope generation. Overall, although PLAP has the necessary enzymatic properties to participate in generating or destroying MHC class I-presented peptides, its trimming behavior is distinct from that of ERAP1, something that supports a separate role for these two enzymes in Ag processing.
Reactive oxygen‐dependent production of novel photochemotherapeutic agents (2001)

The reactive nature of species derived from oxygen, such as singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, has been exploited in the clinical setting for targeting bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells by photodynamic excitation of a variety of chromophores. This modality, termed photodynamic therapy (PDT), is currently being used to treat some forms of cancer. However, the applicability of conventional PDT is limited due to the absolute dependence on simultaneous exposure of the target to the photoactive compound and light. In 1990, we demonstrated that the need for simultaneous exposure of the biological target to light and photosensitizer could be circumvented by prior exposure (activation) of the sensitizer molecule to light and its subsequent use as any other anti-cancer or anti-viral drug. By dint of the nature of the protocol, this process was termed preactivation. Since then, the generation of biologically active molecules in vitro by preactivation has been validated using a variety of chromophores, such as merocyanine 540, Photofrin II, and naphthalimide. Here we briefly review the role of reactive oxygen species in the photodynamic effect, and provide an explanation for the mechanism of preactivation. We propose that photo-oxidation not only provides a novel means for the generation of biologically active molecules, but could also explain, at least in part the mechanism of conventional PDT. It is likely that the light-dependent breakdown of the chromophore to generate novel active compounds, in addition to reactive oxygen species, also contributes to the photodynamic damage observed on simultaneous exposure of the chromophore and target tissue to light during PDT.-Pervaiz, S. Reactive oxygen-dependent production of novel photochemotherapeutic agents.
Influence of the cut angle on the laser damage threshold of KDP (2005)

KDP crystals are currently used for frequency conversion and Pockels cells in large aperture laser systems such as the LMJ and NIF. These different functions are obtained by cutting the KDP crystals with different orientations. We show by measuring the LIDT with three different facilities, that the cut angle plays a key role in the damage mechanism. Consistently with the three measurement set-ups, we demonstrate that the doublers have a weaker LIDT value than the triplers. The z-cut KDP samples have a LIDT higher than both the doublers and the triplers. These results are analyzed in terms of probed volumes and pulse duration.
Scalable, compact, nanosecond pulse generator with a high repetition rate for biomedical applications requiring intense electric fields (2009)

A high repetition rate, high voltage pulse generator has been developed that scales up the output voltage of a recently reported compact, nanosecond pulse generator that is currently being used in various biomedical applications, including experiments into the mechanisms that drive cellular electropermeabilization and plasma generation for an endodontic disinfection tool. This single-stage, nanosecond architecture is based is composed of a bank of power MOSFETs, a linear network of inductors and capacitors, and a bank of junction recovery diodes; it was reported to feature an output pulse amplitude voltage to input voltage ratio between 5 and 6. Since commercially available power MOSFETs tend to be limited to 1 kV, the output amplitude of the single-stage pulse generator does not exceed 5 or 6 kV. To combat this limitation, two different architectures have been developed that enable scaling of the output voltage. The first of these increases the voltage input to the pulse-forming network by means of a solid-state Marx bank that employs power MOSFETs arranged in a series-parallel arrangement to handle the high voltage and high current requirements of the switching stage. The second architecture employs a saturating transformer to handle the high current. Each of these has its own advantages: the first architecture has a shorter trigger-to-output delay time and is capable of producing low-jitter pulses with a linear input-output voltage relationship; whereas, the architecture with a saturating core features fewer components and reduced complexity. Prototypes of both architectures have been designed, built, tested, and are currently being used.
Vascular compliance probe with integrated ECG for image-free evaluation of arterial stiffness (2014)

Evaluation of vascular compliance is significant in cardiovascular diagnosis and screening. We present a novel ultrasound vascular compliance probe with integrated electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, designed for quick and reliable evaluation of arterial compliance. The probe measures the compliance of the carotid artery using image-free ultrasound technique, and also measures the pulse arrival time (PAT) with the ECG signal. Automated measurement algorithms enable even general medical practitioners with little or no knowledge of vascular ultrasonography to measure vascular compliance parameters using this probe. The results of measurements performed on human volunteers by untrained personnel are reported to illustrate the practical utility of the system. The proposed vascular compliance evaluation system can pave the way for an effective and inexpensive cardiovascular screening tool.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and glucose regulate expression of adiponectin receptors in porcine adipocytes (2006)

The anti‐inflammatory activity of adiponectin may contribute to its insulin sensitizing effects. Two adiponectin receptors have been identified as adipoR1 (R1) and adipoR2 (R2), and down regulation of these receptors may promote insulin resistance. The aim of this research was to determine if tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL6), or hyper‐glycemic conditions regulate receptor expression in adipocytes, and whether inhibition of the JAK‐STAT pathway by AG490 alters this regulation. Primary adipocytes were prepared from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs (n=3). Cells were incubated ± TNFα or IL6 (30 ng/mL), with or without pretreatment of 10 μM AG490, in hyper‐glycemic or normo‐glycemic conditions for 6 h. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression determined by real time PCR. There was no effect of cytokines at 5.5 mM glucose for R1 expression. However, there was a trend for a down‐regulation of R2 by AG490‐TNFα (P &lt; 0.07). At 25 mM glucose, there was a similar reduction in R1 by AG490‐TNFα treatment (P = 0.06). R2 was marginally reduced by IL6, but there was a reduction (P &lt; .01) with AG490+IL6. High glucose caused a reduction of both receptors, whereas TNFα increased both in the high glucose media. R1 (P &lt; 0.1) and R2 (P &lt; 0.05) were further elevated by AG490+TNFα in high glucose. Interestingly, IL6 and AG490+IL6 (P &lt; 0.05) reduced R1 and R2 expression, but only in the high glucose media. Collectively, these data indicate that the effects of TNFα and IL6 on adiponectin receptor expression are influenced by glucose concentration, and that the JAK‐STAT pathway may be a determinant of adiponectin receptor expression.
A recommendation method considering users' time series contexts (2009)

This paper proposes a recommendation method considering users' time series contexts which are situations that have occurred / will occur in the past/future. There are some recommendation methods that provide information suitable for users' action patterns as the recommendation methods considering them. These methods provide information referring to the other users that have a similar action pattern to that of an active user. However, since a user's action pattern changes depending on the user's contexts, the methods need to refer to the other users' action patterns related to the current user's contexts. In this paper, we propose a recommendation method considering the user's time series contexts considering that the user's action pattern changes depending on the user's contexts.
Preparation of dialkyl carbonates via the phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylation of alkali metal carbonate and bicarbonate salts (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of dialkyl carbonates via the phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylation of alkali metal carbonate and bicarbonate saltsJames A. Cella and Sidney W. BaconCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 6, 1122–1125Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00180a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00180a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2338Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minimising efficiency roll-off in high-brightness perovskite light-emitting diodes (2018)

Efficiency roll-off is a major issue for most types of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and its origins remain controversial. Here we present investigations of the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs based on two-dimensional layered perovskites. By simultaneously measuring electroluminescence and photoluminescence on a working device, supported by transient photoluminescence decay measurements, we conclude that the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs is mainly due to luminescence quenching which is likely caused by non-radiative Auger recombination. This detrimental effect can be suppressed by increasing the width of quantum wells, which can be easily realized in the layered perovskites by tuning the ratio of large and small organic cations in the precursor solution. This approach leads to the realization of a perovskite LED with a record external quantum efficiency of 12.7%, and the efficiency remains to be high, at approximately 10%, under a high current density of 500 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>.
Mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms of some dibenzo[c,f][1,2] diazepines (1970)

Abstract The fragmentation mechanisms of 11 H ‐dibenzo[ c , f ][1,2]diazepine (I), its 3,8‐dichloro derivative (II), 3,8‐dichlorodibenzo[ c , f ] [1,2]diazepin‐11‐one (III) and 3,8‐dichloro‐11 H ‐dibenzo‐[ c , f ][1,2]diazepin‐ N ‐oxide (IV) are discussed. The initial loss of molecular nitrogen is characteristic of I, II and III. Compound IV has a strong molecular ion, that competitively eliminates cither NO or Cl‐ and N 2 O. The common radical ion, m/166 e present in the mass spectra of I, fluorene, 2‐methyl‐9,10‐anthraquinone and 2‐methylbenzo[ c ]cinnoline, appears to be formed in different states.