gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bacillus Species Used for Oral Bacteriotherapy and Bacterioprophylaxis of Gastrointestinal Disorders (2000)

Bacillus subtilis spores are being used for oral bacteriotherapy and bacterioprophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders in both humans and animals. Since B. subtilis is an aerobic saprophyte, how spores may benefit the gut microbiota is an intriguing question, since other probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. which colonize the gut are anerobes. As a first step in understanding the potential effects of ingesting spores, we have characterized five commercial products. An extensive biochemical, physiological, and phylogenetic analysis has revealed that four of these products are mislabeled. Moreover, four of these products showed high levels of antibiotic resistance.
Odontoblast control of dental pulp inflammation triggered by cariogenic bacteria (2013)

OPINION article Front. Physiol., 11 November 2013Sec. Craniofacial Biology and Dental Research https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00326
Insights into Protein–Ligand Interactions in Integrin Complexes: Advances in Structure Determinations (2020)

Integrins comprise a family of 24 heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate cell attachment to the extracellular matrix and are critical for cell signaling. There are four classes of integrins: collagen-binding, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding, laminin-binding, and leukocyte integrins. Owing to their involvement in modulating various critical cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival, integrins have been investigated as therapeutic targets. Important progress has been made in the structural elucidation of integrins in recent years. Here we examine the protein-ligand interactions of integrin complexes and the related structure-based drug design of integrin inhibitors. Published integrin structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) are examined to gain insights into integrin-ligand interactions as well as the conformational dynamics of integrins.
On the hydrolysis of the Dysprosium(III) ion (2004)

The hydrolysis of the Dysprosium (III) (Dy3+) ion has been investigated at 25°C in 1, 2 and 3 molal (Na)ClO4 medium through a combined potentiometric-coulometric methodology. At each perchlorate concentration the formation constants of the complexes DyOH2+, Dy2(OH)24+ and Dy5(OH)96+ have been determined. The values have then been extrapolated to zero ionic strength by using the Specific Interaction Theory. Analogies with the hydrolysis mechanism of other lanthanides are pointed out.This paper is just the first to be reported of a series of studies undertaken with the aim to prove that a single mechanism of hydrolysis applies to all the trivalent lanthanides and probably to the corresponding actinides, too radioactive to be investigated directly.
The cell wall polysaccharide metabolism of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Insights into the evolution of extracellular matrix polysaccharides in Eukaryotes (2010)

• Brown algal cell walls share some components with plants (cellulose) and animals (sulfated fucans), but they also contain some unique polysaccharides (alginates). Analysis of the Ectocarpus genome provides a unique opportunity to decipher the molecular bases of these crucial metabolisms. • An extensive bioinformatic census of the enzymes potentially involved in the biogenesis and remodeling of cellulose, alginate and fucans was performed, and completed by phylogenetic analyses of key enzymes. • The routes for the biosynthesis of cellulose, alginates and sulfated fucans were reconstructed. Surprisingly, known families of cellulases, expansins and alginate lyases are absent in Ectocarpus, suggesting the existence of novel mechanisms and/or proteins for cell wall expansion in brown algae. • Altogether, our data depict a complex evolutionary history for the main components of brown algal cell walls. Cellulose synthesis was inherited from the ancestral red algal endosymbiont, whereas the terminal steps for alginate biosynthesis were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from an Actinobacterium. This horizontal gene transfer event also contributed genes for hemicellulose biosynthesis. By contrast, the biosynthetic route for sulfated fucans is an ancestral pathway, conserved with animals. These findings shine a new light on the origin and evolution of cell wall polysaccharides in other Eukaryotes.
Neue Elektronentransfersysteme in DNA und Porphyrin-DNA-Konjugate (2014)

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit neuen Elektronentransfersystemen in DNA. Das System aus 2,7-Diazapyrenium und einem DIMAP-Derivat wurde dabei sowohl mittels stationärer als auch zeitaufgelöster Absorptionsspektroskopie sowie Fluorezenzspektroskopie untersucht. Desweiteren wurden Porphyrin-DNA-Konjugate dargestellt. Dazu wurden zwei tetrakationische Porphyrine synthetisiert und postsynthetisch mittels CuAAC bzw. Diels-Alder-Cycloaddition an DNA-Oligonukleotide angeknüpft.
Contrasting Behavior of Carbon Nucleation in the Initial Stages of Graphene Epitaxial Growth on Stepped Metal Surfaces (2010)

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we study the energetics and kinetics of C nucleation in the early stages of epitaxial graphene growth on three representative stepped metal surfaces: Ir(111), Ru(0001), and Cu(111). We find that on the flat surfaces of Ir(111) and Ru(0001), two C atoms repel each other, while they prefer to form a dimer on Cu(111). Moreover, the step edges on Ir and Ru surfaces cannot serve as effective trapping centers for single C adatoms, but can readily facilitate the formation of C dimers. These contrasting behaviors are attributed to the delicate competition between C-C bonding and C-metal bonding, and a simple generic principle is proposed to predict the nucleation sites of C adatoms on many other metal substrates with the C-metal bond strengths as the minimal inputs.
Optical Processing Of Imaging Spectrometer Data (1988)

The data processing problems associated with imaging spectrometer data are reviewed; new algorithms and optical processing solutions are advanced for this computationally intensive application. Optical decision net, directed graph, and neural net solutions are considered. Decision nets and mineral element determination of non-mixture data are emphasized here. A new Fisher/minimum-variance clustering algorithm is advanced, initialization using minimum-variance clustering is found to be preferred and fast. Tests on a 500 class problem show the excellent performance of our algorithm.
Coronary Artery Plaque Characteristics Associated With Adverse Outcomes in the SCOT-HEART Study (2019)

Adverse coronary plaque characteristics and overall calcified plaque burden confer an increased risk of coronary heart disease death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART Trial [SCOT-HEART]; NCT01149590).
CREATION OF EXTREME HIGH-VACUUM WITH A TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPING SYSTEM - A BAKING APPROACH (1995)

Pressures in the low 10−12 Torr range are produced by a 200 °C bakeout with a turbomolecular pumping system. A small molecular drag pump in conjunction with the membrane pump turns out to be an effective means of achieving low backing pressures. The stainless‐steel test chamber of 6800 cm2 surface area has been prebaked to 450 °C. An ultimate pressure of 1×10−12 Torr is obtained on the extractor gauge and to date this is the lowest pressure attained with turbomolecular pumps only. This system offers simplicity of arrangement, ease of operation, rather low cost, and fast pumpdown to ultrahigh vacuum. The pressure reaches 2×10−9 and 4×10−11 Torr at 2 and 83 h, respectively, after startup without bakeout when vented to atmospheric pressure using extremely dry nitrogen.
An Anthropometrically Parameterized Assistive Lower Limb Exoskeleton (2021)

This paper presents an innovative design methodology for development of lower limb exoskeletons with the fabrication and experimental evaluation of prototype hardware. The proposed design approach is specifically conceived to be suitable for the pediatric population and uses additive manufacturing and a model parameterized in terms of subject anthropometrics to give a person-specific custom fit. The methodology is applied to create computer-aided design models using average anthropometrics of children 6-11 years old and using anthropometrics of an individual measured by the researchers. This demonstrates that the approach can scale to subject weight and height. A prototype exoskeleton is fabricated, which can actuate the hip and knee joints without restricting hip abduction-adduction motion. In order to test usability of the device and evaluate walking assistance, user effort is quantified in an assisted condition where the subject walks on a level treadmill with the exoskeleton powered. This is compared to an unassisted condition with the exoskeleton unpowered and a baseline condition with the subject not wearing the exoskeleton. Comparing assisted to baseline conditions, torque magnitudes increased at the hip and knee, mechanical energy generated increased at the hip but decreased at the knee, and muscle activations increased in the Vastus Lateralis but decreased in the Biceps Femoris. While the preliminary evidence for walking assistance is not entirely convincing for the tested conditions, the presented design methodology itself is promising as it has been successfully validated through the creation of computer-aided design models for children and fabrication of a serviceable exoskeleton prototype.
Focal-Plane Algorithmically-Multiplying CMOS Computational Image Sensor (2009)

The CMOS image sensor computes two-dimensional convolution of video frames with a programmable digital kernel of up to 8 times 8 pixels in parallel directly on the focal plane. Three operations, a temporal difference, a multiplication and an accumulation are performed for each pixel readout. A dual-memory pixel stores two video frames. Selective pixel output sampling controlled by binary kernel coefficients implements binary-analog multiplication. Cross-pixel column-parallel bit-level accumulation and frame differencing are implemented by switched-capacitor integrators. Binary-weighted summation and concurrent quantization is performed by a bank of column-parallel multiplying analog-to-digital converters (MADCs). A simple digital adder performs row-wise accumulation during ADC readout. A 128 times 128 active pixel array integrated with a bank of 128 MADCs was fabricated in a 0.35 mum standard CMOS technology. The 4.4 mm times 2.9 mm prototype is experimentally validated in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) video compression and frame differencing.
Sistema para la gestión en redes no comerciales de los SLA en la etapa de ejecución (2016)

Actualmente las empresas que proveen servicios de telecomunicaciones deberian establecer acuerdos de nivel de servicio con sus clientes para acordar y fijar la calidad de los servicios a ofrecer. Establecer estos acuerdos permite obtener multiples beneficios tanto a los clientes como a los proveedores de los servicios. Existen varias iniciativas para la estandarizacion de los mencionados acuerdos pero estas presentan una complejidad elevada, por ello, aplicarlas en redes de entidades que ofrecen servicios de telecomunicaciones de manera no comercial resultaria complejo pues no se adaptan a las necesidades de este tipo de entidades, ademas, las herramientas que permiten gestionar estos acuerdos son generalmente software propietario. En este articulo se presenta una propuesta desarrollada para ser aplicada en redes de telecomunicaciones no comerciales que permite la gestion de los acuerdos de nivel de servicio en la etapa de ejecucion. Para comprobar el funcionamiento de la propuesta realizada se desarrollo un software que tambien se presenta.
Structural, Magnetic, and Optical Characterization of ${\rm MnFe}_{2}{\rm O}_{4}$ Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Sol-Gel Method (2013)

Nanoparticles of MnFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> were synthesized via sol-gel method, with calcination processes at 400 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and 500 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C in air. The effects of the different calcinations in the formation of the crystal structure and magnetic and optical properties were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, SQUID magnetometer, and optical absorption. The XRD studies reveal the formation of a phase corresponding to cubic spinel structure in both samples and the presence of a second phase identified as Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , in the case of the sample with higher temperature treatment. The TEM images of the first sample show small nonuniform nanoparticles with a mean size of 7.8 nm, with a strong tendency to form agglomerates. Magnetization studies as a function of temperature were carried following field-cooled (FC)-Zero-field-cooled (ZFC) routines, where the ZFC curves exhibit blocking temperatures close to 250 K in both cases, and the behavior of the samples below this temperature suggests strong interaction between the particles. In the magnetization as a function of magnetic field studies, the curves display a tendency to saturate at low temperatures and the system shows superparamagnetic behavior above the blocking temperature. Saturation magnetization values (at low temperatures) are low compared to the expected ones, according to the Néel model of collinear spins, this can be attributed to canting effects or the presence of a second antiferromagnetic phase, specifically in the sample treated at 500 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. No significant differences were observed in the magnetic behavior of the samples. Semiconducting characteristics of the ferrites were confirmed by optical absorption measurements, obtaining an energy gap value close to 2.23 eV at room temperature.
Comparison of Backpack, Handheld, Under-Canopy UAV, and Above-Canopy UAV Laser Scanning for Field Reference Data Collection in Boreal Forests (2020)

In this work, we compared six emerging mobile laser scanning (MLS) technologies for field reference data collection at the individual tree level in boreal forest conditions. The systems under study were an in-house developed AKHKA-R3 backpack laser scanner, a handheld Zeb-Horizon laser scanner, an under-canopy UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) laser scanning system, and three above-canopy UAV laser scanning systems providing point clouds with varying point densities. To assess the performance of the methods for automated measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH), stem curve, tree height and stem volume, we utilized all of the six systems to collect point cloud data on two 32 m-by-32 m test sites classified as sparse (n = 42 trees) and obstructed (n = 43 trees). To analyze the data collected with the two ground-based MLS systems and the under-canopy UAV system, we used a workflow based on our recent work featuring simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology, a stem arc detection algorithm, and an iterative arc matching algorithm. This workflow enabled us to obtain accurate stem diameter estimates from the point cloud data despite a small but relevant time-dependent drift in the SLAM-corrected trajectory of the scanner. We found out that the ground-based MLS systems and the under-canopy UAV system could be used to measure the stem diameter (DBH) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2–8%, whereas the stem curve measurements had an RMSE of 2–15% that depended on the system and the measurement height. Furthermore, the backpack and handheld scanners could be employed for sufficiently accurate tree height measurements (RMSE = 2–10%) in order to estimate the stem volumes of individual trees with an RMSE of approximately 10%. A similar accuracy was obtained when combining stem curves estimated with the under-canopy UAV system and tree heights extracted with an above-canopy flying laser scanning unit. Importantly, the volume estimation error of these three MLS systems was found to be of the same level as the error corresponding to manual field measurements on the two test sites. To analyze point cloud data collected with the three above-canopy flying UAV systems, we used a random forest model trained on field reference data collected from nearby plots. Using the random forest model, we were able to estimate the DBH of individual trees with an RMSE of 10–20%, the tree height with an RMSE of 2–8%, and the stem volume with an RMSE of 20–50%. Our results indicate that ground-based and under-canopy MLS systems provide a promising approach for field reference data collection at the individual tree level, whereas the accuracy of above-canopy UAV laser scanning systems is not yet sufficient for predicting stem attributes of individual trees for field reference data with a high accuracy.
Combining unit-level symbolic execution and system-level concrete execution for testing nasa software (2008)

We describe an approach to testing complex safety critical software that combines unit-level symbolic execution and system-level concrete execution for generating test cases that satisfy user-specified testing criteria. We have developed Symbolic Java PathFinder, a symbolic execution framework that implements a non-standard bytecode interpreter on top of the Java PathFinder model checking tool. The framework propagates the symbolic information via attributes associated with the program data. Furthermore, we use two techniques that leverage system-level concrete program executions to gather information about a unit's input to improve the precision of the unit-level test case generation. We applied our approach to testing a prototype NASA flight software component. Our analysis helped discover a serious bug that resulted in design changes to the software. Although we give our presentation in the context of a NASA project, we believe that our work is relevant for other critical systems that require thorough testing.
Sparse target scene reconstruction for SAR using range space rotation (2016)

This paper considers target estimation in Spotlight Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar. Assuming that the number of targets inside the scene of interest is small, compressive sensing (CS) theory can be applied for target estimation. CS estimation relies on a grid applied on the target space and assumes that the targets fall on grid points. However, as the grid size decreases in order to capture closely spaced targets, the coherence of the sensing matrix increases, thus resulting in CS performance degradation. In this paper, we propose to use Range Space Property (RSP) Rotation of the dictionary matrix as means of solving the underlying ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -problem, even in cases in which the sensing matrix coherence is high. The proposed approach can resolve closely spaced targets.
Potassium-dependent volume regulation in retinal pigment epithelium is mediated by Na,K,Cl cotransport. (1990)

Changes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell volume were measured by monitoring changes in intracellular tetramethylammonium (TMA) using double-barreled K-resin microelectrodes. Hyperosmotic addition of 25 or 50 mM mannitol to the Ringer of the apical bath resulted in a rapid (approximately 30 s) osmometric cell shrinkage. The initial cell shrinkage was followed by a much slower (minutes) secondary shrinkage that is probably due to loss of cell solute. When apical [K+] was elevated from 2 to 5 mM during or before a hyperosmotic pulse, the RPE cell regulated its volume by reswelling towards control within 3-10 min. This change in apical [K+] is very similar to the increase in subretinal [K+]o that occurs after a transition from light to dark in the intact vertebrate eye. The K-dependent regulatory volume increase (RVI) was inhibited by apical Na removal, Cl reduction, or the presence of bumetanide. These results strongly suggest that a Na(K),Cl cotransport mechanism at the apical membrane mediates RVI in the bullfrog RPE. A unique aspect of this cotransporter is that it also functions at a lower rate under steady-state conditions. The transport requirements for Na, K, and Cl, the inhibition of RVI by bumetanide, and thermodynamic calculations indicate that this mechanism transports Na, K, and Cl in the ratio of 1:1:2.
Large-rotation and low-voltage driving of micromirror realized by tense thin-film torsion bar (2006)

An electrostatically driven micromirror device using a thin-film torsion bar is proposed. The mirror rotation angle of 7.3deg at 5 V is demonstrated at the nonresonant condition. A bulk Si micromirror is suspended by SiN thin-film torsion bars. Inside the torsion bar, the tension having the magnitude larger than that of the driving force is included. The torsion bar can have a compliance with the mirror rotation and the rigidity against the unwanted motions (e.g., vertical displacement or in-plane rotation)
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de cáncer de piel no-melanoma utilizando 99mTc-MIBI. Estudios en un modelo animal (2011)

El objetivo consistió en evaluar la utilidad del 99mTc-MIBI como marcador para diagnóstico y seguimiento de la progresión tumoral del NMSC en un modelo de carcinogénesis completa en ratones. Los animales en estudio fueron inyectados con 99mTc-MIBI a diferentes tiempos y eutanasiados. Se disecaron muestras de tumor y piel sana para evaluar la captación del radiofármaco y realizar el diagnóstico histológico. En animales con 22 semanas de progresión tumoral se observó una diferencia significativa en la captación del 99mTc-MIBI entre piel sana y NMSC. El protocolo que mejor se adapta al uso del 99mTc-MIBI como marcador para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la progresión tumoral en ratones portadores de NMSC inducidos es la administración i.v de 1 mCi de 99mTc-MIBI con adquisición de datos a los 30 minutos post inyección. Se observó que a medida que los tumores progresan, la captación de 99mTc-MIBI disminuye respecto a la piel normal.
Digital Versus Conventional Impressions in Fixed Prosthodontics: A Review (2016)

Digital impression techniques are a clinically acceptable alternative to conventional impression methods in fabrication of crowns and short FDPs. For fabrication of implant-supported crowns and FDPs, digital impression systems also result in clinically acceptable fit. Digital impression techniques are faster and can shorten the operation time. Based on this study, the conventional impression technique is still recommended for full-arch impressions.