gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A GPS/MET Sounding through an Intense Upper-Level Front (1998)

A Global Positioning System Meteorology (GPS/MET) proof-of-concept experiment became a reality on 3 April 1995. A small satellite carrying a modified GPS receiver was launched into earth orbit to demonstrate the feasibility of active limb sounding of the earth's neutral atmosphere and ionosphere using the radio occultation method. On 22 October 1995, a GPS/MET occultation took place over northeastern China where a dense network of radiosonde observations was available within an hour of the occultation. The GPS/MET refractivity profile shows an inflection, and the corresponding temperature retrieval displays a sharp temperature inversion around 310 mb. Subjective analyses based on radiosonde observations indicate that the GPS/MET occultation went through a strong upper-level front. In this paper, the GPS/MET sounding is compared with nearby radiosonde observations to assess its accuracy and ability to resolve a strong mesoscale feature. The inflection in the refractivity profile and the sharp frontal inversion seen in the GPS/MET sounding were verified closely by a radiosonde located about 150 km to the east of the GPS/MET occultation site. A similar frontal structure was also found in other nearby radiosonde observations. These results showed that high-quality GPS/MET radio occultation data can be obtained even when the occultation goes through a sharp temperature gradient associated with an upper-level front.
Impact of combining PgR score and original preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI) score as a prognostic factor of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy using exemestane in postmenopausal ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. (2015)

548 Background: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapies (NAE) using aromatase inhibitors effectively reduce tumor size in postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer (BC). The utility of PEPI scoring in predicting of the recurrence-free survival (RFS) after NAE is well-known. On the other hand, PgR can be a prognostic factor of ER-positive BC. We compared original PEPI score with PgR status alone, and modified PEPI score including PgR status, as prognostic factors of NAE in postmenopausal ER-positive/HER2-negative BC. Methods: Our study included 107 Japanese women with invasive ER-positive/HER2-negative BC who were received NAE with exemestane (25 mg/day) for at least 4 months (median follow-up: 47 months). Analysis 1: PEPI score (0-12 points) of each patient was determined using ypT, ypN, Ki67 and ER (Allred score), and patients were divided into 3 risk groups: low (0), moderate (1-3), and high ( ≥ 4). RFS and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between groups. Analysis 2: Cutoff values of PgR were tentatively defined as, 0, 1, 10, 20, 33, 50 or 66%; an effective cutoff value was determined by analysis of RFS and CSS. Analysis 3: PgR score (3 to low; 0 to high, using cutoff value determined by analysis 2) and original PEPI score were combined, and RFS and CSS of 3 risk groups were analyzed. Results: The PgR staining of 50% was the most significant cutoff value for predicting differences of RFS and CSS (RFS: P = 0.005, CSS: P = 0.003). PEPI score was also significant prognostic factor for CSS and RFS (RFS: P = 0.0009, CSS: P = 0.043). The hazard-ratio (HR) of PEPI score was greater than that of PgR in RFS (PEPI: 13.99 vs. PgR: 7.76), but lower than for CSS (PEPI: 6.28 vs. PgR: 8.74). However, combining PgR score to original PEPI score was the most potent prognostic indicator for both RFS and CSS (RFS: HR 20.35, P = 0.000001 and CSS: HR 18.48, P = 0.000097). Conclusions: PgR alone using 50% of cutoff value and original PEPI score might be a significant prognostic indicator for NAE using exemestane. However, combining PgR score and original PEPI score might be more potent prognostic indicator in both RFS and CSS.
A Case of Aneurysm of the Splenic Artery with Gastric Carcinoma (1993)

Aneurysm of the splenic artery was thought to be an infrequent lesion in Japan, however with the availability of CT examination the number of reports of this lesion has increased. We report here, a splenic artery aneurysm with gastric carcinoma. A 64-year-old woman with epigastralgia and nausea was admitted for surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma. During the pre-operative examination, abdominal plain X-ray showed a small rounded calcifica-tion in the left upper quadrant, endoscopic examination indicated a small elevated lesion-like submucosal tumor on the posterior wall of the upper gastric body, and CT scan showed a round 2 cm calcification of the splenic hilus as a splenic artery aneurysm. Total gastrectomy with splenectomy was performed. On the resected specimen, a hard calcified round mass of the splenic hilus was detected as, coexisting gastric carcinoma. Microscopically, a section from the aneurysmal firm nodule had an extensively dilated hyalinized thickened arterial wall with fibrosis. The clinical circumstance of the calcification as revealed by plain X-ray, the typical finding of the CT scan, and the elevated lesion-like submucosal tumor of the stomach added special interest to the diagnosis of splenic artery aneurysm.
Tutorial 2: “Challenges of FPGA-based prototyping & debugging” (2016)

Software has come to dominate system-on-chip (SoC) development. It is increasingly common for the software effort to be on the critical path of the project schedule. Only FPGA-based prototyping provides both the speed and accuracy necessary to develop and validate complex software integration prior to silicon. The exciting benefits of an FPGA-based prototype are: • Quick fine tuning of hardware/software integration and software validation pre-silicon • In-system device validation with real-time interfaces and in end application • Extended register transfer level (RTL) testing and debugging
Genome-Scale Fluxome of Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 Using Transient 13C-Labeling Data (2018)

<i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> UTEX 2973 (<i>Synechococcus</i> 2973) has the shortest reported doubling time (2.1 h) among cyanobacteria, making it a promising platform for the solar-based production of biochemicals. In this meta-analysis, its intracellular flux distribution was recomputed using genome-scale isotopic nonstationary <sup>13</sup>C-metabolic flux analysis given the labeling dynamics of 13 metabolites reported in an earlier study. To achieve this, a genome-scale mapping model, namely <i>i</i>mSyu593, was constructed using the <i>i</i>mSyn617 mapping model for <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 (<i>Synechocystis</i> 6803) as the starting point encompassing 593 reactions. The flux elucidation revealed nearly complete conversion (greater than 96%) of the assimilated carbon into biomass in <i>Synechococcus</i> 2973. In contrast, <i>Synechocystis</i> 6803 achieves complete conversion of only 86% of the assimilated carbon. This high biomass yield was enabled by the reincorporation of the fixed carbons lost in anabolic and photorespiratory pathways in conjunction with flux rerouting through a nondecarboxylating reaction such as phosphoketolase. This reincorporation of lost CO<sub>2</sub> sustains a higher flux through the photorespiratory C2 cycle that fully meets the glycine and serine demands for growth. In accordance with the high carbon efficiency drive, acetyl-coenzyme A was entirely produced using the carbon-efficient phosphoketolase pathway. Comparison of the <i>Synechococcus</i> 2973 flux map with that of <i>Synechocystis</i> 6803 revealed differences in the use of Calvin cycle and photorespiratory pathway reactions. The two species used different reactions for the synthesis of metabolites such as fructose-6-phosphate, glycine, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, and Ser. These findings allude to a highly carbon-efficient metabolism alongside the fast carbon uptake rate in <i>Synechococcus</i> 2973, which explains its faster growth rate.
Guidance for Incorporating Organizational Factors Into Nuclear Power Plant Risk Assessments - Phase 1 Workshop (2002)

EPRI sponsored this study in order to help determine the influence of organizational factors on plant safety, risk, and economics. PRA tools provide excellent models for answering the question, ''How does change in an organizational factor impact the risk value?''
Precisely tunable Fabry-Perot filter for optical communications (2003)

Proposed a micromachined precisely tunable Fabry-Perot filter fabricated using the anodic bonding method. The filter consists of an SOI wafer and glass substrate, and has multilayer dielectric mirrors. The wafer and substrate are bonded together with a small gap between them using the anodic bonding method. Wavelength tuning is achieved electrostatically by applying voltage to the SOI wafer and electrodes on glass substrate. We have demonstrated a prototype tunable Fabry-Perot filter that obtained a full width half that of the maximum width (FWHM), free spectral range (FSR) of around 0.5 nm and 35 nm respectively, and a driving voltage of 29.1 V at 30 nm.
Influence of spin state and electron configuration on the active site and mechanism for catalytic hydrogenation on metal cation catalysts supported on NU-1000: insights from experiments and microkinetic modeling (2020)

Spin state is found to determine the mechanism and active site of catalytic hydrogenation on metal cation catalysts.
Estimating the size of a methane emission point-source at different scales: from local to landscape (2016)

Abstract. High methane (CH4) mixing ratios (up to 4 ppm) have occurred sporadically at our measurement site in Haddenham, Cambridgeshire since July 2012. Isotopic measurements and back trajectories show that the source is the Waterbeach Waste management park 7 km SE of Haddenham. To investigate this further, measurements were made on June 30th and July 1st 2015 at other locations nearer to the source. Landfill emissions have been estimated using three different approaches (WindTrax, Gaussian plume, and NAME InTEM inversion) applied to the measurements made close to source and at Haddenham. The emission estimates derived using the WindTrax and Gaussian plume approaches agree well for the period of intense observations. Applying the Gaussian plume approach to all periods of elevated measurements seen at Haddenham produces year-round and monthly landfill emission estimates. The estimated annual emissions vary between 11.6 and 13.7 Gg CH4 yr−1. The monthly emission estimates are highest in winter (2160 kg hr−1 in February) and lowest in summer (620 kg hr−1 in July). These data identify the effects of environmental conditions on landfill CH4 production and highlight the importance of year-round measurement to capture seasonal variability in CH4 emission. We suggest the landscape inverse modelling approach described in this paper is in good agreement with more labour-intensive near-source approaches and can be used to identify point-sources within an emission landscape to provide high-quality emission estimates.
High-output CPP-GMR sensor with synthetic-ferrimagnet free layer and enhanced spin-torque critical currents (2008)

It is shown that the maximum stable output of a CPP-GMR sensor is increased significantly by using a synthetic ferrimagnet free layer, provided the electron current flows from free layer to reference layer. This free layer allows a larger magnetoresistance ratio for a given free layer magnetic moment, and in addition results in a greater than three-fold increase in the critical current above which spin-torque instability of the free layer occurs. In read heads with net free layer moments equivalent to only 4.5nm of Ni80Fe20, this effect is shown to result in sustainable sense current densities above 2e8 A/cm2.
An Improved Multifunctional Active Frequency Selective Surface (2018)

An improved dual-polarized multifunctional active frequency selective surface (MAFSS) with parallel-feed configuration is proposed in this paper. The designed structure is composed of two metallic layers separated by a thin dielectric layer. Three independent and controllable functions of electromagnetic switching, polarization selection, and frequency tuning are integrated together into the proposed structure via introducing PIN diodes and varactor diodes. To reduce the negative effects of extra feed lines, frequency selective surface (FSS) elements themselves play a significant role in connecting the active components and allowing the direct currents to flow through. A special biasing configuration is designed to provide parallel bias voltages for the two different types of active devices. Finally, an FSS prototype is fabricated and measured, and the measurement results as well as the simulation results both demonstrate great performance of the MAFSS structure. In addition, the proposed structure also performs well under circumstances of oblique incidence and different polarizations.
Quantification of retinal damage during cardiopulmonary bypass (1989)

Microembolic ischaemia in the retina, as revealed by fluorescein angiography, has been reported during cardiovascular bypass. Subsequent neurological and intellectual dysfunction have also been observed. Since the eye is an outgrowth of the brain it is possible to assume that similar microemboli occur in that organ. By comparison of pre- and end-bypass operation retinal images, an estimate of the damage in terms of the number of vessel occlusions and the areas of non perfusion can be made by expert human observers. The degree of inter- and intra-observer variability is not yet known. Ideally assessments could be made more objective by using digital image analysis, thus facilitating comparisons between different surgical techniques such as different blood oxygenator types. In this paper, the authors present automatic procedures for the enhancement, geometric registration, and location of regions of vascular occlusion. >
Lessons learned on the experienced facilitators and barriers of implementing a tailored VBHC model in a Dutch university hospital from a perspective of physicians and nurses (2022)

Clinical Healthcare organisations implementing a tailored VBHC methodology will benefit from the use of a structured implementation methodology, a well-led strong team and cooperation with (external) teams and patients. However, shaping patient involvement, alignment with other departments and attention to digitisation were seen as a most important concerns in implementation and require further attention.
Retracted: A 5‐year randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 4‐mm ultrashort to longer implants placed in regenerated bone in the posterior atrophic jaw (2022)

Four-millimeter ultrashort implants showed similar if not better results when compared to longer implants placed in augmented jaws 5 years after loading. For this reason, their use could be in specific cases preferable to bone augmentation since the treatment is less invasive, faster, cheaper and associated with less morbidity. However, longer follow-ups and larger trials are needed.
Production of the Alpha Solarco proof-of-concept array (2002)

A program to produce a cost-effective, high-reliability, point focus concentrating array is described. The experience with the operation of limited production equipment is discussed, with emphasis on the implementation of a rigorous quality-control/quality-assurance program that should provide the required reliability of the array. In addition, test results for the modules are discussed along with their installation and operation on the array. The limited production of the proof-of-concept array has provided data and insights into the ability to manufacture the high-concentration array. This experience indicates that the attainment of the goal of a cost-effective reliable array is realistic in the near term.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Infection Complications after Lymphodepletion and Dosing of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) Cell Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2021)

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has proven to be very effective in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, infections-related either due to lymphodepletion or the CAR-T cell therapy itself-can result in severe and potentially life-threatening complications, while side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) might complicate differential diagnosis. Sixty-seven dosings of CAR-T cells in sixty adult patients with NHL (85%) and ALL (15%) receiving CAR-T cell therapy were assessed for infectious complications. Almost two-thirds of patients (61%) developed fever following lymphodepletion and CAR-T cell dosing. Microbiological or radiological findings were observed in 25% of all cases (bacterial 12%, viral 5%, fungal 8%). Inpatient infections were associated with more lines of therapy and more severe CRS. However, overall serious complications were rare after CAR-T therapy, with one patient dying of infection. Pathogen detection after inpatient stay was infrequent and mostly occurred in the first 90 days after dosing. Infections in CAR-T cell treated patents are common. Fast and suitable identification and treatment are crucial in these heavily pretreated and immunocompromised patients. In most cases infectious complications are manageable. Nonetheless, standardized anti-infective prophylaxis and supportive therapy are mandatory to reduce morbidity and mortality in CAR-T cell therapy.
Autophagy and apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture (2008)

Upon nutrient deprivation during Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture for foreign protein production, cells are subjected to two types of programmed cell death (PCD), apoptosis and autophagy. However, only apoptosis has drawn attention in the field of CHO cell culture. Numerous studies on engineering genes or supplementing essential nutrients or chemical additives to culture media to overcome cell death induced by various stimuli have been limited to apoptosis. Recently, autophagic morphologies were demonstrated by the processing of LC3 into the 16 kDa LC3-II form, and the accumulation of multiple autophagosomes in CHO cell culture. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to revisit the issue of cell death in CHO cell culture with the concept of autophagy in mind, in order to achieve a maximum production of foreign proteins by protecting cells from both types of PCD.
False-positive SARS-CoV-2 serology in 3 children with Kawasaki disease (2020)

Detection of neutralizing antibodies is recommended to confirm previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in IgG-positive but PCR-negative patients.
Kappa-opioid receptor-mediated effects of the plant-derived hallucinogen, salvinorin A, on inverted screen performance in the mouse (2005)

Salvinorin A is a pharmacologically active diterpene that occurs naturally in the Mexican mint Ska Maria Pastora (Salvia divinorum) and represents the first naturally occurring kappa-opioid receptor agonist. The chemical structure of salvinorin A is novel among the opioids, and thus defines a new structural class of kappa-opioid-receptor selective drugs. Few studies have examined the effects of salvinorin A in vivo, and fewer still have attempted to assess the agonist actions of this compound at mu-opioid, delta-opioid, and kappa-opioid receptors using selective antagonists. In the mouse, salvinorin A disrupted climbing behavior on an inverted screen task, indicating a rapid, but short-lived induction of sedation/motor incoordination. Similar effects were observed with the mu-agonist remifentanil and the synthetic kappa-agonist U69,593. When behaviorally equivalent doses of all three opioids were challenged with antagonists at doses selective for mu-opioid, delta-opioid, or kappa-opioid receptors, results suggested that the motoric effects of remifentanil were mediated by mu-receptors, whereas those of salvinorin A and U69,593 were mediated via kappa-receptors. Despite similar potencies and degrees of effectiveness, salvinorin A and U69,593 differed with regard to their susceptibility to antagonism by the kappa-antagonist nor-binaltorphamine. This later finding, coupled with the novel chemical structure of the compound, is consistent with recent findings that the diterpene salvinorin A may bind to the kappa-receptor in a manner that is qualitatively different from that of more traditional kappa-agonists such as the benzeneacetamide U69,593. Such pharmacological differences among these kappa-opioids raise the possibility that the development of other diterpene-based opioids may yield important therapeutic compounds.
The Glucose Area Under the Profiles Obtained With Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Relationships With HbAlc in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetic Patients (2002)

HbA(1c) levels may be decreased by using the information obtained with the CGMS. Three-day glucose profiles are representative of the overall glucose control, because glucose area values correlate with HbA(1c) levels. The only glucose threshold below which there seems to be no correlation with HbA(1c) is 90 mg/dl. Only glucose area, and not postprandial glucose values, are directly and independently correlated with HbA(1c). Therefore, to improve metabolic control, it is necessary to lower the whole mean 24-h glycemia and not just the postprandial glucose values.
Technologies for CFC (chlorofluorocarbons)/halon destruction. Final report, February-April 1989 (1989)

The report presents an overview of the current status of possible technologies used to destroy chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons, chemicals implicated in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to control the production and consumption of these chemicals, allows countries to increase production by the volume of CFCs or halons destroyed, if the destruction technology has been approved by the Parties to the Protocol. The Parties have neither yet approved nor considered possible destruction technologies. The document is the first step in the United States' review of such technologies, and will serve as the basis for additional work in this area. Key findings address the ability of the various technologies to effectively destroy CFCs; the environmental consequences of such destruction; the ability of current emission monitoring systems to verify that the CFCs have indeed been destroyed; the impacts of current regulations on CFC destruction; and the existence of any significant data gaps, along with recommendations of future required work to resolve any unanswered issues resulting from the data gaps.
Improved single channel backpropagation for intra-channel fiber nonlinearity compensation in long-haul optical communication systems (2010)

Backpropagation has been shown to be the most effective method for compensating intra-channel fiber nonlinearity in long-haul optical communications systems. However, effective compensation is computationally expensive, as it requires numerous steps and possibly increased sampling rates compared with the baud rate. This makes backpropagation difficult to implement in real-time. We propose: (i) low-pass filtering the compensation signal (the intensity waveform used to calculate the nonlinearity compensation) in each backpropagation step and (ii) optimizing the position of the nonlinear section in each step. With numerical simulations, we show that these modifications to backpropagation improve system performance, reducing the number of backpropagation steps and reducing the oversampling for a given system performance. Using our 'filtered backpropagation', with four backpropagation steps operating at the same sampling rate as that required for linear equalizers, the Q at the optimal launch power was improved by 2 dB and 1.6 dB for single wavelength CO-OFDM and CO-QPSK systems, respectively, in a 3200 km (40 x 80 km) single-mode fiber link, with no optical dispersion compensation. With previously proposed backpropagation methods, 40 steps were required to achieve an equivalent performance. A doubling in the sampling rate of the OFDM system was also required. We estimate this is a reduction in computational complexity by a factor of around ten.