gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5 to 100 MeV Ion Implantation and Its Simulation by The MARLOWE Program (1991)

In high energy ion implantation (50 MeV < E < 1 GeV) an unexpected high contribution of channeling to the distribution of the implanted ions is found. Thus the experimentals are simulated by means of the MARLOWE-Monte-Carlo program: (i) For the case of a double peak distribution of the implanted damage (100 MeV Ne → Si), it is shown that the short range peak is due to “amorphous” penetration, the other one due to channeling. (ii) For 112 MeV B, 50 MeV B, and 65 MeV P in Si, the range Rp and the straggling ΔRp do not agree with the experimental data and figures obtained from other simulation programs, and (iii) we apply the simulation to a multilayer CMOS mask structure. It turns out that MARLOWE is not suited for this problem simply for the CPU consumption. Bei Hochenergieimplantation (50 MeV < E < 1 GeV) wird ein unerwartet hoher Kanalisierungsbeitrag zur Verteilung der implantierten Ionen gefunden. Deshalb werden die Experimente mittels des MARLOWE-Monte-Carlo-Programmes simuliert: (1) für den Fall einer Doppelmaximum-Verteilung des implantierten Damage (100 MeV Ne → Si) wird gezeigt, daß das kurzreichweitige Maximum durch „amorphe”︁ Durchdringung, das andere durch Kanalisierung verursacht wird. (2) Für 112 MeV B, 50 MeV B und 65 MeV P in Si, stimmen die Reichweite Rp und die Verteilung ΔRp nicht mit den experimentellen Werten und Kurven aus anderen Simulationsprogrammen überein und (3) wird die Simulation auf eine Mehrschicht-CMOS-Maskenstruktur angewendet. Es ergibt sich, daß MARLOWE für dieses Problem nicht geeignet ist.
P110α-mediated constitutive PI3K signaling limits the efficacy of p110δ-selective inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma, particularly with multiple relapse (2013)

Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway activation contributes to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis, but early-phase studies of the PI3K p110δ inhibitor GS-1101 have reported inferior responses in MCL compared with other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Because the relative importance of the class IA PI3K isoforms p110α, p110β, and p110δ in MCL is not clear, we studied expression of these isoforms and assessed their contribution to PI3K signaling in this disease. We found that although p110δ was highly expressed in MCL, p110α showed wide variation and expression increased significantly with relapse. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression was found in 16% (22/138) of cases, whereas PIK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations were absent. Although p110δ inhibition was sufficient to block B-cell receptor-mediated PI3K activation, combined p110α and p110δ inhibition was necessary to abolish constitutive PI3K activation. In addition, GDC-0941, a predominantly p110α/δ inhibitor, was significantly more active compared with GS-1101 against MCL cell lines and primary samples. We found that a high PIK3CA/PIK3CD ratio identified a subset of primary MCLs resistant to GS-1101 and this ratio increased significantly with relapse. These findings support the use of dual p110α/p110δ inhibitors in MCL and suggest a role for p110α in disease progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformation by Ring Chain Transfer. Part 6. Regioselective Synthesis of (ω‐Aminoalkyl)pyrazoles from Semicyclic 3‐Chloro‐2‐ propeniminium Salts and Hydrazines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of microbubbles for use as echo contrast agents (1986)

A variety of agents have been proposed for use as contrast for ultrasound studies. Several reports suggest the use of microbubbles because of their superior sonographic resolution. We describe a method of producing calibrated microbubbles utilizing differential absorption and gas injection techniques. Gas injection methods are described using a Plexiglas microbubbler apparatus with a fine needle orifice. The bubbles originally produced by this device are in a size range of 40-100 microns and consist of nitrogen (10%) and carbon dioxide (90%). The differential absorption technique uses THAM [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride] to absorb the carbon dioxide (diluent gas) from the bubbles selectively, leaving smaller microbubbles. The microbubbles can be calibrated using the electric gating principle of the Coulter Counter.
Rational control of a polyacetylene helix by a pendant rotaxane switch (2011)

Polyacetylene bearing a pendant rotaxane moiety with an optically active wheel component was synthesized to realize reversible structural control of its helical structure by position control of the wheel component. Polyacetylene formed a one-handed helical structure only when the optically active wheel component moved close to the main chain.
Antibacterial Spectrum of Plant Polyphenols and Extracts Depending upon Hydroxyphenyl Structure (2006)

The relationship between the structure and antibacterial activity of 22 polyphenols was analyzed by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as a criterion against 26 species of bacteria which can grow in Mueller-Hinton medium. There was no clear correlation between Gram-staining and bacterial susceptibility to polyphenols, and the extent of the susceptibility was approximately dependent on the species of bacteria. In the same Gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial activity of the polyphenols against Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus was comparatively strong. On the other hand, the activity against 11 species of the Enterobacteriaceae was comparatively weak, and the activity against six species of aerobic bacteria causing plant disease was moderate. Polyphenols having pyrogallol groups showed strong antibacterial activity, and those with catechol and resorcinol rings showed lower activity. The structure-activity relationship was extended to 26 polyphenol-rich plant extracts which could have potent antibacterial activity suitable for commercial use.
Test methodology for Motorola's high performance e500 core based on PowerPC instruction set architecture (2003)

This paper presents the DFT techniques used in Motorola's high performance e500 core, which implements the PowerPC "Book E" architecture and is designed to run at 600 MHz to 1 GHz. Highlights of the DFT features are at-speed logic built-in self-test (LBIST) for delay fault detection, very high test coverage for scan based at-speed deterministic delay-fault test patterns, 100% BIST for embedded memory arrays and 99.2 % stuck-at fault test coverage for deterministic scan test patterns. A salient design feature is the isolation ring that facilitates testing of the core when it is integrated in an SoC or host processor.
The Circadian System ofTrypanosoma cruzi-Infected Mice (2003)

The effects of Chagas disease on the mammalian circadian system were studied in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected C57-B16J mice. Animals were inoculated with CAI or RA strains of T. cruzi or vehicle, parasitism confirmed by blood specimen visualization and locomotor activity rhythms analyzed by wheel-running recording. RA-strain infected mice exhibited significantly decreased amplitude of circadian rhythms, both under light-dark and constant dark conditions, probably due to motor deficiencies. CAI-treated animals showed normal locomotor activity rhythms. However, in these mice, reentrainment to a 6h phase shift of the LD cycle took significantly longer than controls, and application of 15min light pulses in DD produced smaller phase delays of the rhythms. All groups exhibited light-induced Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. We conclude that the main effect of T. cruzi infection on the circadian system is an impairment of the motor output from the clock toward controlled rhythms, together with an effect on circadian visual sensitivity.
Alternative Photoresist Removal Process to Minimize Damage of Low-k Material Induced by Ash Plasma (2008)

Alternative Photoresist Removal Process to Minimize Damage of Low-k Material Induced by Ash Plasma, Le, Quoc Toan, Keldermans, Johan, Chiodarelli, Nicoló, Kesters, Els, Lux, Marcel, Claes, Martine, Vereecke, Guy
Cyfrowa szkoła: założenia komponentu badawczego (2017)

Opracowując założenia komponentu korzystaliśmy z najnowszych&#13;\nanaliz, dotychczasowych doświadczeń polskich i zagranicznych projektów wykorzystujących&#13;\nTIK w szkołach, konsultowaliśmy się z ekspertami i praktykami, przeprowadziliśmy&#13;\ndziesiątki rozmów i wywiadów z nauczycielami, odbyliśmy wielogodzinne&#13;\nspotkania i narady wewnętrzne. Efektem tej pracy jest poniższe opracowanie, które&#13;\nskłada się z trzech części. Pierwsza część stanowi wprowadzenie do tematu wdrożenia&#13;\nTIK do szkół. W drugiej części przedstawiamy szczegółowy opis planowanego przebiegu&#13;\nkomponentu badawczego oraz rekomendacje dotyczące jego realizacji. W trzeciej części&#13;\ndzielimy się zebranymi w trakcie pracy nad komponentem badawczym doświadczeniami&#13;\nzwiązanymi z funkcjonowaniem TIK w polskich szkołach.
Metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle (1982)

Metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 270-275, 1982. Six healthy adult females with presumptively normal menstrual cycles volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer on five separate days (days 2, 8, 14, 20, and 26 of the menstrual cycle; day 1 = onset of menstruation). On each experimental day each subject exercise at four submaximal exercise intensities and at an exercise intensity that elicited a peak oxygen uptake. At rest and at each exercise intensity metabolic and thermoregulatory measurements were made. There were no changes at rest or at any exercise intensity relative to cycle day in absolute oxygen uptake (l . min-1). Similarly, mean peak oxygen uptake and average work time to exhaustion were not different during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. The mean core temperature (Tre) at each exercise intensity was elevated on days 14 and 20 above that observed during flow (day 2) and the follicular phase (day 8). This implied a dissociation of metabolic responses from thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle similar to that previously observed in exercising febrile males.
Scalable single-step microfluidic production of single-core double emulsions with ultra-thin shells (2015)

We report a versatile and robust device for the continuous production of double emulsion drops with very thin shell thicknesses, of about 5% of the radius: for emulsions 50 μm in radius the shells can be as thin as a few micrometers. Importantly, the viscosity of the oil shell can be varied from that of water up to 70 times that of water without compromising device operation. Furthermore, this device can be easily scaled-up as it is made through soft lithography; this may enable the production of industrial quantities of double emulsion drops with ultra-thin shells, which may serve as templates to form capsules with homogeneous shell thicknesses, useful beyond scientific applications.
An active interconnecting mechanism for free-space optic applications (2007)

In this paper, a new method for interconnecting free-space micro-optoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) devices is developed. The heterogeneous design and assembly concept is demonstrated by a pair of V-shape actuators and related assembly mechanism, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. A two-channel free-space DWDM filter has been assembled and characterized. The results show low insertion losses. The device architecture allows hybrid optical system integration on a single platform. The assembled optical devices can be made of different materials, on different substrates and/or with incompatible fabrication techniques. The integration platform provides potentials for realizing a micro optical bench with equivalent optical performance that currently require bulk optics setups.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration of Alkynes in Anhydrous Medium with Formic Acid as Water Donor. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flexible hybrid carbon nanotube sponges embedded with SnS2 from tubular nanosheaths to nanosheets as free-standing anodes for lithium-ion batteries (2016)

Flexible CNT@SnS<sub>2</sub> sponges with controllable mass ratios and various morphologies of loaded SnS<sub>2</sub> from tubular nanosheaths to nanosheets have been fabricated and can be used as free-standing and binder-free electrodes applied in lithium-ion batteries.
Translation Initiation in Drosophila melanogaster Is Reduced by Mutations Upstream of the AUG Initiator Codon (1991)

The importance to in vivo translation of sequences immediately upstream of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) start codon was examined at two developmental stages. Mutations were introduced into the Adh gene in vitro, and the mutant gene was inserted into the genome via germ line transformation. An A-to-T substitution at the -3 position did not affect relative translation rates of the ADH protein at the second-instar larval stage but resulted in a 2.4-fold drop in translation of ADH at the adult stage. A second mutant gene, containing five mutations in the region -1 to -9, was designed to completely block translation initiation. However, transformant lines bearing these mutations still exhibit detectable ADH, albeit at substantially reduced levels. The average fold reduction at the second-instar larval stage was 5.9, while at the adult stage a 12.5-fold reduction was observed.
Teratogenicity of High Vitamin A Intake (1995)

High dietary intake of preformed vitamin A appears to be teratogenic. Among the babies born to women who took more than 10,000 IU of preformed vitamin A per day in the form of supplements, we estimate that about 1 infant in 57 had a malformation attributable to the supplement.
Allele-Specific RNA Knockdown with a Biologically Stable and Catalytically Efficient XNAzyme (2021)

Therapeutic targeting of allele-specific single nucleotide mutations in RNA is a major challenge in biology and medicine. Herein, we describe the utility of the XNAzyme X10-23 to knock down allele-specific mRNA sequences in cells. We demonstrate the value of this approach by targeting the "undruggable" mutation G12V in oncogenic KRAS. Our results demonstrate how catalytic XNAs could be employed to suppress the expression of mRNAs carrying disease-causing mutations that are difficult to target at the protein level with small molecule therapeutics.
Lower Extremity Strength and Active Range of Motion in College Baseball Pitchers: A Comparison Between Stance Leg and Kick Leg (1986)

The role of the lower extremities and torso is vital in the pitching mechanism. However, a review of the literature reveals information primarily dealing with the upper extremity's role in throwing. This pilot study was conducted to: 1) determine selected lower extremity strength and range of motion measurements in sixteen college baseball pitchers, and 2) compare measurements in the stance leg to the kick leg. When preseason profiling is not possible, clinical norms for those treating college pitchers can be valuable in proper rehabilitation of the lower extremity. Also, by determining trends in lower extremity strength and motion when comparing kick (plant) leg to stance (drive) leg, a better understanding of lower extremity kinematics in the pitching act can be appreciated. Statistically significant differences were found in the active range of motion in plantarflexion, hip internal rotation, and hip extension of the stance leg, as well as hip flexion of the kick leg. lsokinetic evaluations at slow and fast speeds revealed significant differences in the strength of ankle dorsiflexors and hip flexors at slow speeds of the kick leg. Strength of the hamstrings on the kick leg was significant at fast speeds as was strength of the hip external rotators on the stance leg. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1986;8(1):10-14.
Fractal extra dimension in Kaluza-Klein theory (2002)

Kaluza-Klein theory in which the geometry of an additional dimension is fractal is considered. In such a theory the mass of an elementary electric charge appears to be many orders of magnitude smaller than the Planck mass, and the ``tower'' of masses which correspond to higher integer charges becomes aperiodic.
Wide-band Fabry-Perot-like filters in optical fiber (1995)

We report the fabrication and characterization of wide-band Fabry-Perot-like resonators in optical fiber. Using Bragg gratings with variable detuning, resonators that operate ever a wavelength span in excess of 140 nm have been produced, with free spectral ranges between 0.09 nm and 11.27 nm. Numerical and experimental results for two typical resonators are presented, showing good agreement between the two.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Power Attacks Resistance of Cryptographic S-boxes with added Error Detection Circuits (2007)

Many side-channel attacks on implementations of cryptographic algorithms have been developed in recent years demonstrating the ease of extracting the secret key. In response, various schemes to protect cryptographic devices against such attacks have been devised and some implemented in practice. Almost all of these protection schemes target an individual side-channel attack and consequently, it is not obvious whether a scheme for protecting the device against one type of sidechannel attacks may make the device more vulnerable to another type of side-channel attacks. We examine in this paper the possibility of such a negative impact for the case where fault detection circuitry is added to a device (to protect it against fault injection attacks) and analyze the resistance of the modified device to power attacks. To simplify the analysis we focus on only one component in the cryptographic device (namely, the S-box in the AES and Kasumi ciphers), and perform power attacks on the original implementation and on a modified implementation with an added parity check circuit. Our results show that the presence of the parity check circuitry has a negative impact on the resistance of the device to power analysis attacks.
The Wilhelmine E. Key 2001 Invitational Lecture. Estimation of Divergence Times for a Few Mammalian and Several Primate Species (2002)

Statistical methods for estimating divergence times by using multiprotein gamma distances are discussed. When a large number of proteins are used, even a small degree of deviation from the molecular clock hypothesis can be detected. In this case, one may use the stem-lineage method for estimating divergence times. However, the estimates obtained by this method are often similar to those obtained by the linearized tree method. Application of these methods to a dataset of 104 proteins from several vertebrate species indicated that the divergence times between humans and mice and between mice and rats are about 96 and 33 million years (MY) ago, respectively. These estimates were obtained by assuming that birds and mammals diverged 310 MY ago. Similarly application of the methods to the protein sequence data from primate species indicated that the human lineage separated from the chimpanzee, gorilla, Old World monkeys, and New World monkeys about 6.0, 7.0, 23.0, and 33.0 MY ago, respectively. In this case the use of two calibration points, that is, the divergence time (13 MY ago) between humans and orangutans and between primates and artiodactyls (90 MY ago) gave essentially the same estimates.
High performance asynchronous ASIC back-end design flow using single-track full-buffer standard cells (2004)

This work presents a back-end design flow for high performance asynchronous ASICs using single-track full-buffer (STFB) standard cells and industry standard CAD tools to perform schematic capture, simulation, layout, placement and routing. This flow is demonstrated and evaluated on a 64-bit asynchronous prefix adder and its test circuitry. The STFB standard cells provide low latency and fast cycle-times at the expense of some timing assumptions. This paper demonstrates that, by controlling top-block sizes and/or wire length within the place & route flow, ultra-high-performance circuits can be automatically designed. In particular, in the TSMC 0.25/spl mu/m process our post-layout STFB standard-cell 64-bit asynchronous prefix adder requires 0.96 mm/sup 2/, offers a latency of 2.1 ns, has a throughput of 1.4 GHz, and operates at five process corners as well as a wide-range of temperatures and voltages.
Surgery-first treatment improves clinical results in infective endocarditis complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation† (2019)

Mortality and IE recurrence were statistically significantly higher in DIC patients. Valve surgery should not be delayed because most patients proceeding with medical treatment eventually require emergency surgery and their clinical outcomes are worse than those of patients undergoing early surgery.
Prospects and Limitations of Using Endogenous Neural Stem Cells for Brain Regeneration (2011)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of producing a variety of neural cell types, and are indispensable for the development of the mammalian brain. NSCs can be induced in vitro from pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells. Although the transplantation of these exogenous NSCs is a potential strategy for improving presently untreatable neurological conditions, there are several obstacles to its implementation, including tumorigenic, immunological, and ethical problems. Recent studies have revealed that NSCs also reside in the adult brain. The endogenous NSCs are activated in response to disease or trauma, and produce new neurons and glia, suggesting they have the potential to regenerate damaged brain tissue while avoiding the above-mentioned problems. Here we present an overview of the possibility and limitations of using endogenous NSCs in regenerative medicine.
Comparison of the Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions of Deuterium and Aluminum Nuclei (1983)

The deep-inelastic electromagnetic structure functions of deuterium and aluminum nuclei have been measured. The kinematic dependence of the ratio of aluminum and deuterium structure functions is similar to the dependence of the ratio of steel and deuterium structure functions, and provides further evidence for the distortion of the quark momentum distributions of nucleons bound in a nucleus.
Modification of Condensation Potymers (1985)

Abstract Techniques for chloromethylation of polyarylether sulfones, poly-phenylene oxide, phenolic resin, and a model compound for the polyarylether sulfone are described. The rates of quaternization of chloromethylated polyarylether sulfone, I, and the corresponding model compound, II, with triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, and quinuclidine in either DMSO or DMSO/dioxane are reported. Second-order kinetics are observed in the quaternization of II for the entire range of substitution. In contrast, quaternization of I followed second-order kinetics during the initial 35–60% of reaction only; higher degrees of quarternization occurred at reduced rates. After evaluating the potential impact of steric hindrance, added electrolyte, and initial extent of chloromethylation, the decrease in quaternization rate at high degrees of substitution is attributed to steric effects imposed by restricted rotation of the polymer chain. Comparable retardations are not observed during the quaternization of chloromethylated polystyrene under identical conditions.