gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Topic Models for a Movie Recommendation System (2014)

Recommendation systems have become successful at suggesting content that are likely to be of interest to the user, however their performance greatly suffers when little information about the users preferences are given. In this paper we propose an automated movie recommendation system based on the similarity of movie: given a target movie selected by the user, the goal of the system is to provide a list of those movies that are most similar to the target one, without knowing any user preferences. The Topic Models of Latent Semantic Allocation (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) have been applied and extensively compared on a movie database of two hundred thousand plots. Experiments are an important part of the paper; we examined the topic models behaviour based on standard metrics and on user evaluations, we have conducted performance assessments with 30 users to compare our approach with a commercial system. The outcome was that the performance of LSA was superior to that of LDA in supporting the selection of similar plots. Even if our system does not outperform commercial systems, it does not rely on human effort, thus it can be ported to any domain where natural language descriptions exist. Since it is independent from the number of user ratings, it is able to suggest famous movies as well as old or unheard movies that are still strongly related to the content of the video the user has watched.
PAI-1 in human hypertension: relation to hypertensive groups (2002)

Plasma renin activity, IR, and ALDO all correlate with PAI-1 levels in the hypertensive subjects. However, the data suggest that ALDO may be an important factor contributing to the variability of PAI-1 levels in individual hypertensive subjects.
Silicon Tether-Aided Coupling Metathesis:  Application to the Synthesis of Attenol A (2002)

A new synthesis of attenol A is described. Key features of this work include a crucial silicon tether-aided coupling metathesis step and the use of iodoetherification as an efficient protection method for 1,5-ene-ols. [reaction: see text]
Microwave Characterization and Probe Sensing: Parametric Study with Skin Phantom Thickness (2022)

Novel microwave and millimeter-wave devices have been recently investigated as promising diagnostic aids for skin anomaly detection. These devices rely on knowledge of skin dielectric parameters. Skin thickness varies with body location, and, hence, the goal of our work is to characterize the dielectric skin properties in the microwave range as a function of skin thickness. To do so systematically, and in a controlled laboratory environment, we developed skin phantoms models ranging from 0.5 mm to 5 mm in thickness, with 0.5 mm increments. These phantoms are placed on a fat-mimicking material and then characterized with the Keysight slim form probe over the 0.5&#x2013;2.6 GHz range. Our results indicate that skin thickness, usually known from extensive anatomical resources, should be taken into account for proper interpretation of eventual dielectric characterization in vivo, as the probe&#x0027;s sensing volume is likely to include a complex, multi-tissue dielectric distribution.
Noise robustness in automatic speech recognition (2004)

The issue of noise robustness in automatic speech recognition is of practical importance and largely unsolved. In this thesis, this problem is tackled from both perspectives of front-end speech features and back-end speech models. For the front end, a feature processing technique consisting of mean subtraction, variance normalization and ARMA filtering is investigated. Mathematical analyses are carried out for the distortion of speech features in the presence of additive and convolutional noises. Extensive experiments are conducted to see how to best use this front-end technique. It is experimentally verified to be extremely effective for the noisy-digit databases of Aurora. This performance gain is achieved without increasing the model parameters and computational cost. For the back end, a novel random variable called a feature selector is introduced into speech models to dynamically select a robust component feature to score, ignoring the others. The values of the feature selectors are based on either the energy or the spectral entropy of the signal. This back-end technique does not lead to significant performance gain with the feature streams investigated in this work, MFCCs and post-processed MFCCs. Yet it is a novel scheme of integrating multiple information sources.
Strategic Design and Optimization of Inorganic Sorbents for Cesium, Strontium and Actinides (2005)

It has been determined that poorly crystalline CST and SNT prepared at low temperature (100-150 deg. C) exhibit much faster kinetics in uptake of Sr2+. 2. In-situ X-ray studies has shown that SNT is a precursor phase to the formation of CST. 3. It is possible to form mixtures of CST and SNT in a single reactant mix by control of temperature and time of reaction. 4. It has been found that addition of a small amount of Cs+ to the reactant mix for the preparation of Nb-CST allows formation of the crystals in one day rather than ten days at 200 deg. C. 5. These discoveries suggest that a proper mix of sorbents (SNT, CST, Nb-CST) can be made easily at low cost that would remove all the HLW at the Savannah River site with a single in-tank procedure. Research Objective The basic science goal in this project is to identify structure/affinity relationships for selected radionuclides and existing sorbents. The research will then apply this knowledge to the design and synthesis of sorbents that will exhibit increased cesium, strontium and actinide removal. The target problem focuses on the treatment of high-level nuclear wastes. The general approach can likewise be applied to non-radioactive separations.
Characterizing Visual Fields in RPGR Related Retinitis Pigmentosa Using Octopus Static-Automated Perimetry (2022)

A consistently preserved inferotemporal island of vision highly correlated to that of the central visual field may have significance as a possible future therapeutic site.
Broadband Forward Light Scattering by Architectural Design of Core–Shell Silicon Particles (2021)

A goal in the field of nanoscale optics is the fabrication of nanostructures with strong directional light scattering at visible frequencies. Here, the synthesis of Mie-resonant core-shell particles with overlapping electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. The core consists of silicon surrounded by a lower index silicon oxynitride (SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>y</i></sub>) shell of an adjustable thickness. Optical spectroscopies coupled to Mie theory calculations give the first experimental evidence that the relative position and intensity of the magnetic and electric dipole resonances are tuned by changing the core-shell architecture. Specifically, coating a high-index particle with a low-index shell coalesces the dipoles, while maintaining a high scattering efficiency, thus generating broadband forward scattering. This synthetic strategy opens a route toward metamaterial fabrication with unprecedented control over visible light manipulation.
The HIV-1 Protease as Enzyme and Substrate: Mutagenesis of Autolysis Sites and Generation of a Stable Mutant with Retained Kinetic Properties (1994)

Site-directed mutagenesis of autolysis sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease was applied in an analysis of enzyme specificity; the protease served, therefore, as both enzyme and substrate in this study. Inspection of natural substrates of all retroviral proteases revealed the absence of beta-branched amino acids at the P1 site and of Lys anywhere from P2 through P2'. Accordingly, several mutants of the HIV-1 protease were engineered in which these excluded amino acids were substituted at their respective P positions at the three major sites of autolysis in the wild-type protease (Leu5-Trp6, Leu33-Glu34, and Leu63-Ile64), and the mutant enzymes were evaluated in terms of their resistance to autodegradation. All of the mutant HIV-1 proteases, expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli, were enzymatically active after refolding, and all showed greatly diminished rates of cleavage at the altered autolysis sites. Some, however, were not viable enzymatically because of poor physical characteristics. This was the case for mutants having Lys replacements of Glu residues at P2' and for another in which all three P1 leucines were replaced by Ile. However, one of the mutant proteases, Q7K/L33I/L63I, was highly resistant to autolysis, while retaining the physical properties, specificity, and susceptibility to inhibition of the wild-type enzyme. Q7K/L33I/L63I should find useful application as a stable surrogate of the HIV-1 protease. Overall, our results can be interpreted relative to a model in which the active HIV-1 protease dimer is in equilibrium with monomeric, disordered species which serve as the substrates for autolysis.
Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury (2010)

There are currently no reparative therapies for severe neurological injury, including brain injury, spinal cord injury and stroke. Actually, most treatments are designed simply to limit secondary damage. However, pre-clinical data supports the idea that exogenous stem and progenitor cells have the potential to promote a reparative response to severe neurological injuries. Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury is a compilation of seminal essays that explore many unique aspects of neurological injury, focusing on the critical translational issues of cell delivery. Specifically, it discusses routes of administration, types of progenitor cells (alone and/or in combinations), timing of delivery and adjuncts to promote cell engraftment, survival and effectiveness. In addition, many chapters address measuring the effects of transplanted cells and cell tracking. The paradigms of how cell-based therapeutics affect neurological injury is changing rapidly. The developments in this field may ultimately offer realistic hope for improvement in patients with severe injuries. This book is a vital key toward unlocking those future treatments.
X-ray driven implosions at ignition relevant velocities on the National Ignition Facility (2013)

Backlit convergent ablator experiments on the National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)] are indirect drive implosions that study the inflight dynamics of an imploding capsule. Side-on, backlit radiography provides data used by the National Ignition Campaign to measure time-dependent properties of the capsule ablator including its center of mass radius, velocity, and unablated mass. Previously, Callahan [D. A. Callahan et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056305 (2012)] and Hicks [D. H. Hicks et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 122702 (2012)] reported backlit convergent ablator experiments demonstrating velocities approaching those required for ignition. This paper focuses on implosion performance data in the “rocket curve” plane, velocity vs. ablator mass. These rocket curve data, along with supporting numerical simulations, show that the nominal 195 μm-thick ignition capsule would reach the ignition velocity goal V = 370 km/s with low ablator mass remaining–below the goal of M = 0.25 mg. This finding led to experiments with thicker capsule ablators. A recent symmetry capsule experiment with a 20 μm thicker capsule driven by 520 TW, 1.86 MJ laser pulse (along with a companion backlit convergent ablator experiment) appears to have demonstrated V≥350 km/s with ablator mass remaining above the ignition goal.
Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stroma-Derived Mesenchymal Cells (2006)

Stem cell biology is a promising, fast-growing field that aims to develop cell-based tools for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Special attention is paid to bone marrow cells that play a role in the musculoskeletal system. Bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and stromal cells that form the reticular network that supports HSCs formation. Stromal cells also contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that differentiate to various lineages. The major obstacles in utilizing stem cells are identifying these cells and following the signaling pathways that control the cells' fate. The interactions of stem cells with an extracellular matrix and other cells create a tissue-specific niche that is responsible for regulating cell differentiation. It is important to identify biomarkers that will enable the isolation, selection and expansion of stem cells in vitro to allow their use for cell therapy. The study of stem cells' differentiation is based on various techniques, including the generation of antibodies to specific cellular sub-populations and high throughput analysis at transcriptome and proteome levels. Advances in transcriptome and proteome profiling will establish the molecular signature and will allow the discovery of the cell type specific differentiation programming. Such analysis identified several proteins related to chromatin remodeling factors, cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix ligands that localize cells at the specific niche. Detailed interpretation of the transcriptional and translational expression patterns will provide understanding of key properties of MSCs and allow their future use in regenerative medicine.
Fundamental Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams Strengthened with High Modulus Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Materials (2005)

There is a growing need for a cost-effective, durable repair system that can be used for the repair and strengthening of steel bridges. Recently, high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have been developed with a modulus of elasticity approximately two times greater than that of steel. Externally bonded high modulus CFRP materials have successfully been used to increase the elastic stiffness and ultimate capacity of steel-concrete composite beams However, since the technology is relatively new, the detailed behavior of steel bridge members strengthened with high modulus CFRP is not yet well understood. The current research investigates three aspects of the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams in detail. An experimental program was conducted to investigate the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams strengthened with high modulus CFRP materials. In the first phase of the study the behavior under overloading conditions was investigated. In the second phase of the research, the fatigue durability of the system was examined. In the third phase, the possible presence of shear-lag between the steel beam and the CFRP materials was investigated in detail. An analytical model was developed which can be used to determine the ultimate capacity and elastic stiffness increase for steel beams strengthened with high modulus CFRP materials. Additionally, a set of criteria are proposed which can be used to determine the allowable increase in the live load level for steel beams strengthened with high modulus CFRP materials.
Novel Method of Measuring Surface Torsional Anchoring Strength of Nematic Liquid Crystals (1996)

A simple and accurate method of measuring the surface torsional anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals is proposed. This method is based on the simultaneous determination of the actual twist angle and the cell gap (optical retardation) of a twisted nematic cell in which the easy axes of the upper and lower substrates are at a particular angle ( e.g. , 90°). The TN cell is placed between two polarizers. The TN cell and the analyzer are mounted on rotatable stages. The measurement procedure consists of the following steps. (1) Using monochromatic light, we minimize the amount of light transmitted by rotating both the TN cell and the analyzer (we denote these minimizing angles of the analyzer and the TN cell from the polarizer as Ψ p (1) and Ψ 0 (1) , respectively. (2) We set the TN cell at a particular angle from Ψ 0 (1) , and minimize the amount of light transmitted by rotating only the analyzer (we denote this minimizing angle of the analyzer as Ψ p (2) ). From the values of Ψ p (1) and Ψ p (2) , we can determine both the actual twist angle and the optical retardation using the analytical expression for optical transmissivity based on the Jones matrix method. We discuss the accuracy of this method. Experimental examples are also shown.
Output power and efficiencies of slab laser systems (1989)

Starting with the known relations for rod systems, the efficiencies and the output power of a slab system are derived as a function of the small-signal gain and the resonator losses. Taking into account the beam overlap and beam enlargement it turns out that higher extraction efficiencies can be achieved in slab systems compared to equivalent rod systems. Under the assumption of the same excitation power and equal losses in both systems this results in a higher output power and a lower lasing threshold in slabs. These advantages can be realized provided that the pumping arrangement of slab systems is optimized similar to rod systems.
<title>MPEG-7 applications for video browsing and analysis</title> (2001)

The soon to be released MPEG-7 standard provides a Multimedia Content Description Interface. In other words, it provides a rich set of tools to describe the content with a view to facilitating applications such as content based querying, browsing and searching of multimedia content. In this paper, we describe practical applications of MPEG-7 tools. We use descriptors of features such as color, shape and motion to both index and analyze the content. The aforementioned descriptors stem from our previous work and are currently in the draft international MPEG-7 standard. In our previous work, we have shown the efficacy of each of the descriptors individually. In this paper, we show how we combine color and motion to effectively browse video in our first application. In our second application, we show how we can combine shape and color to recognize objects in real time. We will present a demonstration of our system at the conference. We have already successfully demonstrated it to the Japanese press.
Synthesis of lithium oxy-thiophosphate solid electrolytes with Li10GeP2S12 structure by a liquid phase process using 2-propanol (2023)

Crystal structure model of lithium oxy-thiophosphates (LPSO) prepared in the present study (a) and Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 (b). Purple spheres indicate P, yellow spheres indicate S, red spheres indicate O, and green spheres indicate Ge.
Frugal alignment-free identification of FLT3-internal tandem duplications with FiLT3r (2022)

FiLT3r is a free software available at https://gitlab.univ-lille.fr/filt3r/filt3r . The repository also contains a Snakefile to reproduce our experiments. We show that FiLT3r detects FLT3-ITDs better than other software while using less memory and time.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy cast through rapid slurry formation (RSF) process (2017)

The effect of T5 heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy was observed. The as-cast A356 alloy exhibited coarse dendrites and long Si needles. RSF process changed the dendritic α-Al phase to globular morphology which helps in improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of 0.6wt-% Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner refined the average grain size of primary α-Al phase. T5 heat treatment at 170 °C for 20 h in different processing conditions was given to A356 alloy. T5 heat treatment led to further refinement of α-Al phase and Si needles, precipitation hardening due to Mg2Si phase and reduction in the porosity level (%). The Quality Index for A356 alloy in different processing conditions was also measured. Results showed that RSF process with the use of baffles, addition of grain refiner and T5 heat treatment had improved the mechanical properties over other processing conditions.
Characterization of Perimenopausal Bone Loss: A Prospective Study (2000)

This study characterized the change in bone mass, bone markers, pituitary/gonadal hormones, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and anthropometric variables in a cohort of healthy women as they passed through normal menopause. We recruited 75 women > 46 years old who had premenopausal estradiol (E2) and gonadotropin levels and regular menses. During 9.5 years of observation, 54 experienced normal menopause (PM group) and 21 remained estrogen replete (ER group). Before the beginning of the menopausal drop and after its completion, the slope of bone mass on time in the PM group was 0% for the spine, -0.61% per year for the total body, and -0.45 % per year for the femoral neck. Designating these losses as "age related," there were 0, 4.88, and 3.40% losses for spine, total body bone mineral (TBBM), and femoral neck, respectively, in the 8-year period for which the data were analyzed. Across menopause, we found a sigmoid pattern of bone loss in the PM group beginning about 2-3 years before the last menses and ending about 3-4 years after the last menses. The total estrogen-deprivation bone losses were 10.50, 7.73, and 5.30% for the spine, TBBM, and femoral neck, respectively. In the ER group, we found a 0, 0.59, and 0.93% per year loss in spine, TBBM, and femoral neck, respectively. Serum osteocalcin rose 77%, serum total alkaline phosphatase rose 34%, and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine (Hypro/Cr) ratio rose 44% in the PM group, while remaining stable in the ER group. We conclude that menopausal bone loss is a composite of loss caused by estrogen deprivation and age per se for the hip and total body, but is caused by estrogen deprivation alone for the spine.
High-accuracy displacement interferometry refin air (1985)

The absolute accuracy of laser interferometers employed in displacement metrology is limited by two dominant factors: uncertainties in the source vacuum wavelength and the refractive index of the ambient air. In this paper we describe an interferometer system designed to minimize these uncertainties. Based on a commercial interferometer, the new system features direct measurement of the vacuum wavelength by frequency comparison with a portable iodine-stabilized He–Ne laser. The refractive index of air is computed from accurately measured values of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity. Combined with a desktop computer, the interferometer system permits the automated field measurement of displacement errors (such as those associated with precision machine tools) with an absolute accuracy of 8.5 parts in 108. Performance of the interferometer in field metrology is illustrated by the results of recent validation testing of the large optics diamond turning machine (LODTM) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These results highlight the need for new measurements of the absolute refractive index of standard air in order to reduce a limiting uncertainty on such measurements of ±5 parts in 108.
Physical Modeling of MEMS Variable Inductor (2008)

In this study, we propose a new equivalent circuit model of variable inductors. We have proposed variable inductors with metal plate moving with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator. The proposed model consists of a conventional single-pi model, networks for silicon substrate and metal plate flowing eddy current, and coupling coefficients between these networks. The model is verified by fitting with measured data. Error in inductance and value is less than plusmn5%.
Three port optical circulators with ring resonators (2014)

We present a concept for a circulator that has the same bandwidth efficiency as a photonic crystal circulator but which relies on a ring resonator and thereby is experimentally much easier to realize. We achieve this by side coupling three waveguides to the ring resonator. The desired standing wave pattern which recreates the photonic crystal type circulator spectrum is realized by exciting both the clockwise and counter-clockwise traveling wave through a Bragg reflector.