gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of ingested nanocellulose and nanochitosan materials on carbohydrate digestion and absorption in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model (2021)

Nanoscale materials derived from natural biopolymers like cellulose and chitosan have many potentially useful agri-food and oral drug delivery applications. Because of their large and potentially bioactive surface areas and other unique physico-chemical properties, it is essential when evaluating their toxicological impact to assess potential effects on the digestion and absorption of co-ingested nutrients. Here, the effects of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and chitosan nanoparticles (Chnp) on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates were studied. Starch digestion was assessed by measuring maltose released during simulated digestion of starch solutions. Glucose absorption was assessed by measuring translocation from the resulting digestas across an in vitro transwell tri-culture model of the small intestinal epithelium and calculating the area under the curve increase in absorbed glucose, analogous to the glycemic index. At 1% w/w, CNF and Chnp had small but significant effects (11% decrease and 14% increase, respectively) and CNC had no effect on starch hydrolysis during simulated digestion of a 1% w/w rice starch solution. In addition, at 2% w/w CNC had no effect on amylolysis in 1% solutions of either rice, corn, or wheat starch. Similarly, absorption of glucose from digestas of starch solutions (i.e., from maltose), was unaffected by 1% w/w CNF or CNC, but was slightly increased (10%, p<0.05) by 1% Chnp, possibly due to the slightly higher maltose concentration in the Chnp-containing digestas. In contrast, all of the test materials caused sharp increases (~1.2, 1.5, and 1.6 fold for CNC, CNF, and Chnp, respectively) in absorption of glucose from starch-free digestas spiked with free glucose at a concentration corresponding to complete hydrolysis of 1% w/w starch. The potential for ingested cellulose and chitosan nanomaterials to increase glucose absorption could have important health implications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed increases and to evaluate the potential glycemic effects in an intact in vivo system.
Active rectifier system using three-phase unfolder and series resonant converters controlled in synchronous rotating frame (2016)

Power-bidirectional converters are used to integrate energy storage with both dc and ac distribution grids. A modular converter system with two series resonant converters (SRC) and a three-phase unfolder offers both dc-dc and dc-ac conversion capabilities. This paper proposes a system controller operating in synchronous rotating frame to achieve regulation of both active and reactive ac powers. The controller is designed based on linear quadratic regulator to ensure stability and performance robustness to variation in grid inductance. Steady-state and transient simulation results are provided for a 10-kVA system. Preliminary experimental results are provided for a scale 1-kVA hardware prototype and verify the proposed control approach.
Fabrication of piezoelectric ceramic micro-actuator and its reliability for hard disk drives (2004)

A new U-type micro-actuator for precisely positioning a magnetic head in high-density hard disk drives was proposed and developed. The micro-actuator is composed of a U-type stainless steel substrate and two piezoelectric ceramic elements. Using a high-d31 piezoelectric coefficient PMN-PZT ceramic plate and adopting reactive ion etching process fabricate the piezoelectric elements. Reliability against temperature was investigated to ensure the practical application to the drive products. The U-type substrate attached to each side via piezoelectric elements also was simulated by the finite-element method and practically measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer in order to testify the driving mechanics of it. The micro-actuator coupled with two piezoelectric elements featured large displacement of 0.875 microm and high-resonance frequency over 22 kHz. The novel piezoelectric micro-actuators then possess a useful compromise performance to displacement, resonance frequency, and generative force. The results reveal that the new design concept provides a valuable alternative for multilayer piezoelectric micro-actuators.
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's Esophagus After Endoscopic Ablative Therapy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review (2009)

Compared to historical reports of the natural history of BE, ablation may be associated with a reduction in cancer incidence, although such a comparison is limited by likely heterogeneity between treatment and natural history studies. The greatest benefit of ablation was observed in BE patients with HGD.
The fibrinogen-like domain of FREP1 protein is a broad-spectrum malaria transmission-blocking vaccine antigen (2017)

FREP1 in mosquito midguts facilitates <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasite transmission. The fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain of FREP1 is highly conserved (>90% identical) among <i>Anopheles</i> species from different continents, suggesting that anti-FBG antibodies may block malaria transmission to all anopheline mosquitoes. Using standard membrane-feeding assays, anti-FREP1 polyclonal antibodies significantly blocked transmission of <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> to <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> and <i>Anopheles dirus</i>, respectively. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> studies of mice immunized with FBG achieved >75% blocking efficacy of <i>P. berghei</i> to <i>A. gambiae</i> without triggering immunopathology. Anti-FBG serum also reduced >81% of <i>P. falciparum</i> infection to <i>A. gambiae</i> Finally, we showed that FBG interacts with <i>Plasmodium</i> gametocytes and ookinetes, revealing the molecular mechanism of its antibody transmission-blocking activity. Collectively, our data support that FREP1-mediated <i>Plasmodium</i> transmission to mosquitoes is a conserved pathway and that targeting the FBG domain of FREP1 will limit the transmission of multiple <i>Plasmodium</i> species to multiple <i>Anopheles</i> species.
Composite real-time image processing for railways track profile measurement (2003)

Checking railway status is critical to guarantee high operating safety, proper maintenance schedule, low maintenance and operating costs. This operation consists of the analysis of the rail profile and level as well as overall geometry and undulation. Traditional detection systems are based on mechanical devices in contact with the track. Innovative approaches are based on laser scanning and image analysis. This paper presents an efficient composite technique for track profile extraction with real-time image processing. High throughput is obtained by algorithmic pre-filtering to restrict the image area containing the track profile, while high accuracy is achieved by neural reconstruction of the profile itself.
Integrated Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts (2007)

Significant progress has taken place over the past decade or so in understanding catalysis in electrochemical systems. Electrocatalysts used in fuel cells are a long-standing example of the application of nanotechnology in electrochemistry.
In vivo T cell activation by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induces soluble TNF receptor release in mice. Effects of pentoxifylline, methylprednisolone, anti-TNF, and anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. (1994)

Injection of anti-CD3 is accompanied by an increase in systemic TNF, a mediator of the physiologic changes induced by anti-CD3 injection. Various mechanisms have been reported to be responsible for TNF inactivation and clearance. Recently, it has become evident that circulating soluble TNFRs (P55 and P75), which are known to increase in response to TNF inducers such as LPS, represent a natural protection mechanism against circulating TNF. Here we show that triggering the TCR by anti-CD3 injection results in a strong induction of both systemic TNF and soluble TNFR release. Maximal levels of TNF were reached after 2 h (10 ng/ml). Maximum levels of P55 (450 pg/ml) were reached between 0.5 and 8 h, whereas the highest levels of P75 were reached after 2 h (28 ng/ml). Because TNF and IFN-gamma are supposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of the anti-CD3 response, we investigated the influence of in vivo neutralization of TNF and IFN-gamma. Injection of mAb to TNF and IFN-gamma significantly reduced systemic TNF levels and both soluble TNFR levels. Two inhibitors of anti-CD3 induced TNF release; steroids and pentoxifylline both reduced TNF levels and P75 levels without affecting P55 levels. The results show that T cell activation induces both systemic TNF release and release of both soluble TNFRs. Although TNF and IFN-gamma are involved in this mechanism, their role does not seem to be crucial.
Using of aqueous or organic supercapacitor technology in hybrid and electric vehicle? (2013)

For hybrid and electric vehicle, high powers are needed for the acceleration, startup and recovery phases. For that, the chosen storage system must insure these high powers. The supercapacitors are powerful storage systems, which can reach more than 4,3kW/kg of specific power, and very high lifetime compared to the other storage components. Until 1957 five generations of supercapacitors are developed by the researcher in the entire world. The deference between these generations depends to the materials used for the electrode and/or the type of electrolyte solution. The use of deferent materials influences directly the behavior of the technology in term of specific power, specific energy, maximum voltage, maximum current and the lifetime. Currently, the manufacturer uses in 90% of the cases the technology with carbon electrodes and acetonitrile like electrolyte. This technology has a high specific energy and good lifetime. On the other hand, this technology is toxic and cheaper compared to the other ones. The aqueous technology can give us the solution for this problem, because of the no-toxicity of the electrolyte and the very high power of this component. Unfortunately, this technology has low specific energy because of the voltage limitation (maximum 1V). This paper deals with the comparison between the two technologies of supercapacitors (carbon electrode + organic electrolyte and carbon electrode + aqueous electrolyte). The characterization and the variation of the ageing of the two technologies according to the number of cycles will be presented.
Reduction and Isomerization of Oxiranes and α-Diazoketones by Various Early Transition Metallocenes (1990)

The influence of both the central metal atom and ligands on the product distribution and the stereoselectivity of reduction and isomerization of oxiranes and α-diazoketones by early transition metallocenes is investigated. Generally oxiranes are reduced to the corresponding alkenes, however isomerization occurs with terpenes containing a terminal oxirane function to give aldehydes or allylic alcohols. The majority of the metallocenes reduce α-diazoketones to their parent ketones.
Power-scalable long-wavelength Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber sources (2010)

Ytterbium-doped photonic-bandgap fiber sources operating at the long-wavelength edge of the ytterbium gain band are being investigated for high power amplification. Artificial shaping of the gain spectrum by the characteristic distributed filtering effect of the photonic bandgap enables power scaling free of amplified spontaneous emission. As high as 167 W power and 16 dB saturated gain at 1178 nm have been demonstrated. Single-pass frequency doubling to 14.5W 589nm light was also demonstrated with 34% conversion efficiency.
Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Latent-Space Collocation (2021)

The ability to plan into the future while utilizing only raw high-dimensional observations, such as images, can provide autonomous agents with broad capabilities. Visual model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods that plan future actions directly have shown impressive results on tasks that require only short-horizon reasoning, however, these methods struggle on temporally extended tasks. We argue that it is easier to solve long-horizon tasks by planning sequences of states rather than just actions, as the effects of actions greatly compound over time and are harder to optimize. To achieve this, we draw on the idea of collocation, which has shown good results on long-horizon tasks in optimal control literature, and adapt it to the image-based setting by utilizing learned latent state space models. The resulting latent collocation method (LatCo) optimizes trajectories of latent states, which improves over previously proposed shooting methods for visual model-based RL on tasks with sparse rewards and long-term goals. Videos and code at https://orybkin.github.io/latco/.
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor Systems for Wastewater Processing: Effects of Environmental Stresses Including Dormancy Cycling and Antibiotic Dosing (2016)

United States
Multiplexed Immunoassay: Quantitation and Profiling of Serum Biomarkers Using Magnetic Nanoprobes and MALDI-TOF MS (2008)

Taking advantage of efficient affinity extraction by surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and accurate MALDI-TOF MS readout, we present a multiplexed immunoassay for simultaneous enrichment and quantitation of multiple disease-associated antigens, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid P (SAP) from human serum. To obtain reproducible MALDI signal response with direct on-MNP detection, the seed-layer method improved homogeneity of the cocrystallization of MNPs and captured antigens. Our methodology demonstrated good quantitation linearity of targeted analytes (R(2) approximately 0.97) with reduced signal variation (RSD < 10%). The lower limit of quantitation is in the nanogram level with overall assay precision (intraday, 7.0%; interday, 11.3%) and accuracy (intraday, 6.3%; interday, 17.5%) including steps of nanoprobe extraction and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. This triplexed immunoassay showed overexpression of SAA and CRP in patients with cardiac catheterization or gastric cancer (P < 0.05), consistent with single-analyte ELISA and previous studies. Compared to the determination of disease onset by single protein quantitation, our multiplexed immunoassay revealed a distinct triplexed pattern in the control group, patients with gastric cancer, and cardiac catheterization. On the basis of the advantages of flexibility in nanoprobe preparation, high specificity and sensitivity, and rapid screening by MALDI-TOF MS, this platform may provide a new methodology for disease diagnosis.
Unresectable Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumor With Low-grade Neuroglial Neoplasm, Stable After Radiation and Chemotherapy (2022)

We present an 18-year-old male patient who presented with a 16 cm testicular tumor alongside multiple lesions in the lungs, right pelvis with involvement of the ischio/pubic bone, and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes on imaging, suspicious for metastatic disease. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations revealed an embryonic type neuroectodermal tumor (somatic-type malignancy, 10%) arising in a malignant mixed germ cell tumor composed of teratoma (50%), embryonal carcinoma (10%) and yolk sac tumor (30%). After treatment with chemotherapy and radiation, repeat imaging demonstrated a right pelvic sidewall mass that decreased in size from 40 mm at 11 months after the initial diagnosis to 18 mm at 22 months after the initial diagnosis. A right pelvis medial thigh wall mass that had a lytic bone component showed a slight increase in size from 151 mm at 11 months after the initial diagnosis to 154 mm at 22 months after the diagnosis. On biopsies performed at 3, 10, and 26 months after the initial diagnosis, this lytic lesion consistently demonstrated a neoplasm composed of low-grade neuroglial differentiation. This is the first case in the medical literature where a residual malignant germ cell tumor consisting of low-grade neuroglial neoplasm is in a site that is not amenable to resection without significant morbidity. The tumor initially regressed with the traditional first-line chemo-radiotherapy regimen but regrew and stabilized with a second regimen of chemotherapy. The clinical course of this case invites consideration for an active surveillance approach in cases with similar characteristics.
Oncogenic Kinase–Induced PKM2 Tyrosine 105 Phosphorylation Converts Nononcogenic PKM2 to a Tumor Promoter and Induces Cancer Stem–like Cells (2018)

The role of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) in tumor progression has been controversial. Previous studies showed that PKM2 promoted tumor growth in xenograft models; however, depletion of PKM2 in the <i>Brca1</i>-loss-driven mammary tumor mouse model accelerates tumor formation. Because oncogenic kinases are frequently activated in tumors and PKM2 phosphorylation promotes tumor growth, we hypothesized that phosphorylation of PKM2 by activated kinases in tumor cells confers PKM2 oncogenic function, whereas nonphosphorylated PKM2 is nononcogenic. Indeed, PKM2 was phosphorylated at tyrosine 105 (Y105) and formed oncogenic dimers in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whereas PKM2 was largely unphosphorylated and formed nontumorigenic tetramers in nontransformed MCF10A cells. PKM2 knockdown did not affect MCF10A cell growth but significantly decreased proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with tyrosine kinase activation. Multiple kinases that are frequently activated in different cancer types were identified to phosphorylate PKM2-Y105 in our tyrosine kinase screening. Introduction of the PKM2-Y105D phosphomimetic mutant into MCF10A cells induced colony formation and the CD44<sup>hi</sup>/CD24<sup>neg</sup> cancer stem-like cell population by increasing Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization. ErbB2, a strong inducer of PKM2-Y105 phosphorylation, boosted nuclear localization of YAP and enhanced the cancer stem-like cell population. Treatment with the ErbB2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib decreased PKM2-Y105 phosphorylation and cancer stem-like cells, impeding PKM2 tumor-promoting function. Taken together, phosphorylation of PKM2-Y105 by activated kinases exerts oncogenic functions in part via activation of YAP downstream signaling to increase cancer stem-like cell properties.<b>Significance:</b> These findings reveal PKM2 promotes tumorigenesis by inducing cancer stem-like cell properties and clarify the paradox of PKM2's dichotomous functions in tumor progression. <i>Cancer Res; 78(9); 2248-61. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients (2000)

Although Haemophilus influenzae is a common etiologic agent of pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the characteristics of this pneumonia have not been adequately assessed. We have prospectively studied features of H. influenzae pneumonia in 26 consecutive HIV-infected inpatients. Most of these patients were severely immunosuppressed; 73.1% had a CD4+ cell count <100/microL. A subacute clinical presentation was observed in 27% of the patients and was associated with a higher degree of immunosuppression (P=.04). Bilateral lung infiltrates were noted radiographically in 57.7% of the cases. The mortality attributable to H. influenzae pneumonia was 11.5%. Thus, pneumonia caused by H. influenzae affects mainly patients with advanced HIV disease, and since its clinical and radiological features may be diverse, this etiology should be considered when pneumonia occurs in patients with advanced HIV infection. The mortality rate associated with H. influenzae pneumonia is not higher than that occurring in the general population.
Applications of molecular biology and biotechnology in oil field microbial biodiversity research (2011)

In recent years, with more and more attention given to the study of microorganisms in oil fields, molecular biology and biotechnology methodology has been applied prosperously.This article described the most commonly-used molecular biology techniques and related biotechnological advances in oil fields research at present, which are based mainly on 16s rRNA, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE),terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), etc. The article also points out their advantages and disadvantages, respectively and introduces some of the micro-organisms, which are of largest concerns in the research. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Biotechnology, molecular biology techniques, oil field, 16s rRNA, microbial biodiversity, prospect.
Report on Calcium and Sulfur (1942)

Journal Article Report on Calcium and Sulfur Get access Gordon Hart Gordon Hart Associate Referee Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1 May 1942, Pages 348–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/25.2.348 Published: 14 February 2020
Unusual Sites for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Construction and Catheter Placement: A Review (2015)

As more end-stage renal disease patients require hemodialysis and live longer, many will fail to develop or maintain a functioning upper extremity vascular access. When a patient exhausts vascular access sites in the upper extremities, new fistulas and grafts can be constructed in the lower extremities, thorax, and abdomen as long as a pair of proximate artery and vein provide adequate blood inflow and outflow, respectively. When only a moderate size vein with adequate blood flow provides a conduit to either a patent superior or inferior vena cava, inserting a double-lumen venous hemodialysis catheter can provide temporary or permanent access. We review the literature and report the unusual sites for hemodialysis vascular access and catheter placement.
Medicinal Species from Genera Inonotus and Phellinus (Aphyllophoromycetideae): Cultural-Morphological Peculiarities, Growth Characteristics, and Qualitative Enzymatic Activity Tests (2009)

The morphological and cultural characteristics of vegetative mycelium of nine important medicinal species from genera Inonotus and Phellinus (Hymenochaetales) were studied. The species studied were Inonotus dryophilus, I. hispidus, I. levis, I. rheades, I. rickii, I. obliquus, I. tamaricis, Phellinus baumii, and Ph. linteus, represented by 14 strains. Data on mycelial growth of the above-mentioned fungi species on different types of nutrients, the macro- and micromorphological description of colonies grown on different media, and qualitative enzymatic activity tests on lignolytic enzymes are provided. It was shown that species Inonotus obliquus (3.57 mm/day), Ph. baumii (3.26 mm/day), and Ph. linteus (3.05 mm/day) demonstrated moderately slow growth on selected nutrients. By contrast, Inonotus levis recorded a rapid growth, with the highest growth rate value of all analyzed strains (8.63 mm/day). Most of examined species preferred wort agar, whereas I. rheades, I. rickii, and I. obliquus preferred potato-dextrose agar as the medium for optimal development. The least favorable nutrient for all taxa was corn agar. Analyses of morphological and microstructural peculiarities on different types of nutrients, with mycelial samples taken from different parts of the colony as advancing zone, marginal agar, and aerial mycelium, were conducted and illustrated for five species. As expected, the qualitative enzymatic activity tests confirmed a positive reaction to most of the analyzed strains. In addition, we observed that enzyme secretion is related to the medium type on which the colony is grown.