gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size and shape of globular micelles formed in aqueous solution by n-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSize and shape of globular micelles formed in aqueous solution by n-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethersCharles Tanford, Yasuhiko Nozaki, and Michael F. RohdeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 16, 1555–1560Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100531a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100531a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views847Altmetric-Citations240LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interferon-α down-regulates the interleukin-6 receptor in a human multiple myeloma cell line, U266 (1995)

The effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor in a multiple myeloma cell line, U266, have been examined. IFN-alpha inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation in U266 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IFN-alpha inhibits the ability of IL-6 to induce increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation. While IFN-alpha suppresses the ability of 125I-IL-6 to bind to the IL-6 receptor on U266 cells, this effect is not due to competition of IFN-alpha with IL-6 for the IL-6 receptor. Although IFN-alpha induces IL-6 synthesis in the U266 cell, inhibition of IL-6 binding occurs when IL-6 synthesis is minimal. Furthermore, after pretreatment of U266 cells with neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies, IFN-alpha still inhibits 125I-IL-6 binding. These data suggest that IFN-alpha inhibition of 125I-IL-6 binding does not involve IL-6 synthesis. IFN-alpha reduces 125I-IL-6 binding without affecting its affinity, suggesting that IFN-alpha inhibits IL-6 receptor expression. Although pretreatment with cycloheximide inhibits 125I-IL-6 binding, IFN-alpha does not cause a selective decrease in the levels of gp130 or IL-6 receptor mRNA at times when 125I-IL-6 binding is inhibited. These observations indicate that IFN-alpha lowers IL-6 receptor density on U266 cells by mechanisms other than competitive binding or lowering IL-6 receptor mRNA production. Receptor down-regulation may be a mechanism of IFN-alpha-induced inhibition of growth in U266 cells.
Morphological Changes in the Bovine Articular Cartilage Subjected to Moderate and High Loadings (1991)

This study aims at examining the morphological changes in the cartilage structure of the bovine knee joint when the amputated joints are subjected to (a) a moderate load of 150 kg and (b) a high load of 300 kg and fitted on a knee joint articulating machine at 45 cycles/min for 2 h. The scanning-microscopic study of the surface structure of the experimental and control cartilage shows no appreciable change in the surface morphology of the cartilage when subjected to the moderate load of 150 kg. However, in the case of the high load (300 kg) there is appreciable change in the fibrillary structural pattern of the surface morphology. Histologically too, no appreciable change was noticed when subjected to moderate loadings, but in the case of high loading the cartilage develops roughness of the surface with occasional small clefts.
Microangiography of end-stage kidneys in relation to high renin hypertension. (1983)

Microangiography of end-stage kidneys in relation to high renin hypertension. 15 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and maintained on chronic hemodialysis were studied with respect to hypertension, the plasma renin activity (PRA) and microangiography of endstage kidneys which were removed for various reasons. The microangiographic patterns were classified into three according to characteristic findings: The first one was characterized by gross dilatation of interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles with poor opacification of efferent and peritubular vessels. This pattern was designated as type 1 (Fig. 1, 2.) Another pattern had total irregularity of renal vascular architectures and differentiation of cortical arteries were impossible. This was classified as type 2 (Fig. 3, 4.) The third one which was grouped as type 3 was characterized by good and fine vascularity of cortical vessels without evidence of obstruction (Fig. 5, 6.) These findings were confirmed by histological studies. All 5 patients with uncontrollable hypertension had type 3 kidneys. Their PRA were abnormally high, but normalized after bilateral nephrectomy. It was suggested that intractable hypertension in patients with ESRD may be an evidence of relatively well preserved cortical circulation despite of extensive parenchymal destruction as seen in type 3 kidneys, in which intensive hemodialysis and ultrafiltration will result in volume depletion, decrease in renal perfusion pressure and excessive renin secretion from the remaining nephrons.
Analytical approaches of European Union laboratories to drugs of abuse analysis (1998)

We report a survey on urine drug testing within a total of 269 laboratories of the European Union. Clinical laboratories predominated over forensic laboratories (59.5% vs 28.5%). Screening without identification/quantification was the common approach used by clinical laboratories, whereas screening with identification/quantification was the approach used by almost all forensic laboratories. Screening was primarily performed by immunoassay in both types of laboratories. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was the main analytical method used for specific identification/quantification of drugs, but other methods (including immunoassays) were also used. Cutoff values applied varied by laboratory type, country, and method used. A high percentage of laboratories did not use or report cutoff values. Overall, countries of the European Union vary significantly in regards to drugs tested, analytical approach, and screening and identification cutoff values. It is recommended to clearly state the analytical method and the cutoff values used when reporting results for drugs of abuse testing.
Observational and theoretical validation of longitudinal type surface acoustic wave devices (2019)

Abstract The authors have proposed longitudinal type surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices comprising a LiNbO 3 thin plate, acoustic mirror, handle substrate and interdigital transducers (IDT). This paper describes the observational and theoretical validation of the proposed devices by using a laser probe system and finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that the laser probe system based on the Sagnac interferometer is effective for direct observation of the devices operated at even 2 GHz range through the observation of SAW field distribution of the existence and lack of acoustic mirror, their comparison with FEA results and changes of the transverse mode pattern. In addition, a phenomenon of SAW radiation normal to the busbars from IDT is found both observationally and theoretically, and a possible radiation mechanism explaining the results is also discussed.
High energy, high average power ytterbium lasers (2021)

Chapter 1 discusses the most recent achievements in terms of high energy, high average power laser systems, reporting the use of Ytterbium:YAG gain medium to generate picosecond pulses with kW of average power at kHz repetition rate for Joule energy per pulse. These performances combine the highest pulse energy and average power to date, and will enable scaling by orders of magnitude the brightness of secondary sources driven by high energy pulses.
Sequential chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. (1992)

Cytotoxic chemotherapy can be administered safely immediately before or immediately after IL-2 and alpha IFN. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy administered as previously described yields a response rate of more than 55%. The overall survival curve suggests that a proportion of patients may achieve a long-term benefit from this treatment. Also, cutaneous depigmentation induced by this treatment suggests that immune modulation may contribute to the antimelanoma effect of this treatment.
The Evolution of Multizone Stand Alone Screen Completion Practices in Mahakam Delta A Pilot Project Result (2016)

Abstract Tunu is a giant gas field located in Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan, Indonesia operated by Total E&amp;P Indonesie. The field development targets two domains: Tunu Shallow Zone (TSZ) and Tunu Main Zone (TMZ). The primary objective of TSZ completion is to have a cost effective sand control methodology to ensure economic vialibility of the wells since TSZ consist of small elliptical shaped deltaic sand bodies containing low reserve gas pockets with a typically short production life. Multi zone single trip gravel pack (MZ-STGP) systems have been utilized as sand control completion methodology. Technical limitations of these techniques in terms of zone spacing, number of zones and well deviations drove the need developping an alternative completion technique. Using short screen assembly and open-hole isolation technology, a unique multi zone open hole stand alone screen (MZ- SAS) system was developed. The initial development consists of 14 wells. Both low and high angle deviated wells, numbers of different completion jewelries and different type of reservoir drill-in fluids (RDIF) have been used over the initial phase of the development. The objective of this paper is to review the evolution and improvements in the drilling, fluid, completion and specific post well completion strategy. This has provided a best practice for future completions in the development of similar reservoirs in the portfolio.
Evolution of the academic FabLab at University of Naples Federico II (2018)

In this work, after a briefly excursus on two models of academic "learning contexts", the experience underway at the University of Naples Federico II is described. The path from a FabLab 1.0 born on the field, by spontaneous initiative of some teachers and students, towards a new structured and institutional learning is described. This new FabLab 2.0 constitutes an opportunity, based on the international experiences of "FabLab" and "Learning Factory", of facing the educational challenges posed by the transition to the context of "Industry 4.0".
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ternary Compounds on Cu(In,Ga)Se2: An In Situ Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study (2020)

For ternary compounds grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), some compositional variations during the first nanometers of deposition can occur if the initial cycles of the process differ from film-on-film growth. This is problematic for applications that require a precise control of the composition near the interface to the underlying material. One such application is thin-film solar cells, where most emerging buffer layers are ternary compounds. However, such compositional variations can be very difficult to quantify with conventional material characterization methods. A method based on in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was therefore employed, which allows for detailed studies of the initial growth of ternary compound buffer layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell absorbers, namely, Sn1–xGaxOy and Zn1–xSnxOy. Here, conventional Cr/Au-coated quartz crystals were precoated with a Mo/CIGS thin-film stack before being mounted in an ALD reactor, after which the initial growth on the as-deposited CIGS surfaces was recorded using a QCM monitor. The mass gain for each individual subcycle was extracted and used to estimate compositional depth profiles. It was found that the cation ratio differed for up to the first 3 nm of the deposited film compared to bulk composition for both processes. More specifically, Sn1–xGaxOy was slightly enriched in Ga at the interface (Δx ≈ 10%) and Zn1–xSnxOy was enriched in Sn (Δx ≈ 29%). These compositional variations were suppressed when using RbF-treated CIGS surfaces, which is attributed to a decreased nucleation delay. Similar variations are expected to be present in solar cells fabricated with ternary compound buffer layers, which can potentially influence charge transport and recombination near the absorber/buffer interface. The methodology demonstrated in this study can both improve the understanding of interface formation and allow for an enhanced control of interface properties, in thin-film solar cells and other structures that employ ternary compounds grown by ALD.
A competitive solution for cooperative truckload delivery (2015)

This paper introduces a solution for gain sharing in consortia of logistic providers where joint planning of truckload deliveries enables the reduction of empty kilometers. The highly competitive nature of freight transport markets necessitates solutions that distinguish among the logistics providers based on their characteristics, even in situations with two players only. We introduce desirable properties in these situations and propose a solution that satisfies such properties. By comparing the existing solutions against the introduced properties we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed solution.
1307 Penetration Monitoring System in Circumferential Butt Welding of Aluminum Pipes (2012)

The welding control system was used fbr automatic Tungsten Iner Gas ( TIG )welding ofhorizontally fixed pipe al d the cffectiveness ofthis system was experimentally demonstrated In this system a vision sensor fbr monitoring the molten pool we ding speed controller and neural networking were adopted The vision sensor consists of a CCD camera and an Omni directional mirror which is set in the pipe and captures the inner image ofthe molten pool during welding process Then the optimum welding speed which depends en the width of molten pool was calculated However in butt welding of aluminum pipes melt down often occurs due to arc current inclining to one side of a pipe and high -intensity light of arc current from the butt joint prevents mage processing In order to avoid these problems a new welding method and an image processing algorithm were developed Finally the effectivcness of these systems was experimentalLy -demonstrated
Global patterns of DNA polymorphism in noncoding regions in human populations (2000)

DNA sequence variation is currently a major source of data for studying human origins, evolution, and demographic history, and for detecting linkage association of complex diseases. In this dissertation, I investigated DNA variation in worldwide populations from two ∼10 kb autosomal regions on 22q11.2 (noncoding) and 1q24 (introns). A total of 75 variant sites were found among 128 human sequences in the 22q11.2 region, yielding an estimate of 0.088% for nucleotide diversity (π), and a total of 52 variant sites were found among 122 human sequences in the 1q24 region with an estimated π value of 0.057%. The data from these two regions and a 10 kb noncoding region on Xq13.3 all show a strong excess of low-frequency variants in comparison to that expected from an equilibrium population, indicating a relatively recent population expansion. The effective population sizes estimated from the three regions were 11,000, 12,700, and 8,600, respectively, which are close to the commonly used value of 10,000. In each of the two autosomal regions, the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was estimated to be older than 1 million years among all the sequences and ∼600,000 years among non-African sequences, providing first evidence from autosomal noncoding or intronic regions for a genetic history of humans much more ancient than the emergence of modern humans. The ancient genetic history of humans indicates no severe bottleneck during the evolution of humans in the last half million years; otherwise, much of the ancient genetic history would have been lost during a severe bottleneck. This study strongly suggests that both the “out of Africa” and the multiregional models are too simple for explaining the evolution of modern humans. A compilation of genome-wide data revealed that nucleotide diversity is highest in autosomal regions, intermediate in X-linked regions, and lowest in Y-linked regions. The data suggest the existence of background selection or selective sweep on Y-linked loci. In general, the nucleotide diversity in humans is low compared to that in chimpanzee and Drosophila populations.
Determination of antibody affinity and kinetic binding constants in Gyrolab Bioaffy microfluidic CD (2008)

Studies of binding reactions are of highest importance in a vast number of areas of biomedicine and biotechnology. A demand for fast and accurate small-volume measurements grows stronger, partly due to the development of therapeutic antibodies. In this report, a novel method for studies of binding reactions of antibodies is described. The use of a microfluidic platform shows promising results in determination of affinity binding constants. Affinities between 1E-09 and 1E-11 M have been determined for four TSH antibodies. Reproducibility tests give a CV below 10%, using different Gyrolab instruments and microfluidic CD:s. The method carries the advantages of using solution-based measurements of unmodified molecules. Also an initial proof-of-concept for measurement of binding reaction rate constants shows further usage of the method. The kinetic association rate constant has been determined to 2E+06 M-1s-1 for one antibody. The possibility of using this method for screening of antibody libraries is also discussed.
COMPARISON OF FOREHAND AND BACKHAND PROPULSION TECHNIQUES IN AN ELITE QUADRIPLEGIC WHEELCHAIR RACER (1989)

Rodgers, M. M.; Figoni, S. F.; Gayle, G. W.; Hooker, S. P.; Glaser, R. M. FACSM Author Information
A new contactless battery charger for portable telecommunication/computing electronics (2002)

This paper presents a new contactless battery charger that is well suited for the applications to the low-profile portable telecommunication/computing electronics such as cellular phones, Internet phones, palm-tops, and other hand-held electronics of the future. The performance of the proposed charger is confirmed with experiments on a prototype charger developed for cellular phones.
A new strategy for label-free detection of lymphoma cancer cells (2015)

In this paper, a new strategy for highly selective and sensitive direct detection of lymphoma cells by exploiting the interaction between a peptide and its B-cell receptor, has been evaluated. In particular, an idiotype peptide, able to specifically bind the B-cell receptor of A20 cells in mice engrafted with A20 lymphoma, has been used as molecular probe. The new detection technique has been demonstrated on a planar crystalline silicon chip. Coverage of 85% of silicon surface and detection efficiency of 8.5 × 10(-3) cells/μm(2) were obtained. The recognition strategy promises to extend its application in studying the interaction between ligands and their cell-surface receptors.
Controlled synthesis of highly multi-branched Pt-based alloy nanocrystals with high catalytic performance (2016)

Alloy nanocrystals (NCs) consisting of Pt and a 3d transition metal (M) have been of tremendous interest due to their prominent catalytic performance. To precisely compare the inherent catalytic function between PtM NCs with different M elements and thus to find an optimal combination, the availability of a synthesis method that provides exclusive control over the M element is highly desirable. In the present work, we developed a general solvothermal synthesis method for the preparation of highly multi-branched PtM (M = Co, Ni, and Fe) alloy NCs with similar branch dimensions, compositional ratios between Pt and M, and surface chemical environments, irrespective of the identity of M. Using the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as a model catalysis reaction, we found a correlation between the catalytic capabilities of the PtM NCs and the kind of the secondary metal. The MOR activity of the PtM NCs outperformed that of a benchmark Pt/C catalyst, and it distinctly depended on the identity of M. The enhanced catalytic function of the PtM alloy NCs compared to Pt/C can be attributed to their unique structural characteristics and the decrease in the binding energy of intermediates due to the synergism between Pt and M. Among the different PtM alloy NCs, the PtCo NCs exhibited the highest catalytic activity, stability, and CO tolerance due to the effective modification of their surface electronic structure. The present strategy can expand our opportunities for the rational design of advanced NC catalysts with controlled morphological, compositional, and electronic structures.
Analysis of the oxyR-ahpC region in isoniazid-resistant and -susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms recovered from diseased humans and animals in diverse localities (1997)

Automated DNA sequencing was used to analyze the oxyR-ahpC region in 229 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates recently recovered from diseased humans and animals. The entire 1,221-bp region was studied in 118 isolates, and 111 other isolates were sequenced for oxyR, ahpC, or the 105-bp oxyR-ahpC intergenic region. The sample included isoniazid (INH)-susceptible and -resistant organisms in which the katG gene and inhA locus had previously been sequenced in their entirety to identify polymorphisms. A total of 16 polymorphic sites was identified, including 5 located in oxyR, 2 in ahpC, and 9 in the 105-bp intergenic region. All polymorphic sites located in the intergenic region, and the two missense substitutions identified in ahpC, occurred in INH-resistant organisms. In contrast, there was no preferential association of polymorphisms in oxyR, a pseudogene, with INH-resistant organisms. Surprisingly, most INH-resistant strains with KatG codon 315 substitutions that substantially reduce catalase-peroxidase activity and confer high MICs of INH lacked alterations in the ahpC gene or oxyR-ahpC intervening region. Taken together, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that some polymorphisms located in the ahpC-oxyR intergenic region are selected for after reduction in catalase or peroxidase activity attributable to katG alterations arising with INH therapy. These mutations are uncommon in recently recovered clinically significant organisms, and hence, there is no strict association with INH-resistant patient isolates. The ahpC compensatory mutations are apparently uncommon because strains with a KatG null phenotype are relatively rare among epidemiologically independent INH-resistant organisms.
Concentration of Multi-Point Measurement Data for DC-150 kHz EMI Analysis (2023)

Power systems and loads are becoming more complex with the implementation of micro-grids and non-linear power electronics loads. Intermittent and rapidly changing load and supply behavior calls for measurement strategies which are adaptable and able to comprehensively analyze new technical challenges. In this paper, such a device is presented, with measurement bandwidth of mega-samples per second and multiple channel and location measurement capabilities optimized for micro-grid and low frequency (DC – 150 kHz). A micro-grid reliability test is conducted and presented where fast changing load conditions results in grid failure.