gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Safety and Efficacy of Chorionic Villus Sampling for Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Cytogenetic Abnormalities (1989)

Chorionic villus sampling is a method of prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy in which tissue for genetic study is aspirated from the developing placenta by means of a catheter inserted transcervically under the guidance of ultrasonography. In this seven-center study, we compared the safety and efficacy of chorionic villus sampling in 2278 women with those of amniocentesis at 16 weeks' gestation in 671 women. Both groups were made up primarily of well-educated private patients; they were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and had viable pregnancies verified by ultrasound examination. Cytogenetic diagnoses resulted from 97.8 percent of the chorionic villus sampling procedures and 99.4 percent of the amniocenteses (P less than 0.05); aneuploidy was found in 1.8 and 1.4 percent, respectively, of the cases in which diagnoses were made. Of the women who underwent chorionic villus sampling, 17 (0.8 percent) subsequently had an amniocentesis because the diagnosis was ambiguous. Two of the diagnoses of aneuploidy (one tetraploidy, one trisomy 22) were later proved to be incorrect. On the basis of pediatric examination of the infants subsequently born to the women in the sample, there were no errors in the determination of sex or the identification of the major trisomies (21, 18, and 13). The rate of combined losses due to spontaneous and missed abortions, termination of abnormal pregnancies, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths was 7.2 percent in the group that underwent chorionic villus sampling and 5.7 percent in the group that had amniocentesis. After adjustment for slight differences in gestational and maternal age, the total loss rate for the women in the chorionic villus sampling group exceeded that for the amniocentesis group by only 0.8 percentage points (80 percent confidence interval, -0.6 to 2.2). The rate of loss of chromosomally normal fetuses after chorionic villus sampling was 10.8 percent among women in whom three or four attempts were made to place the transcervical catheter, as compared with 2.9 percent in those in whom only one attempt was necessary (P less than 0.01). There were no serious maternal infections among the women in this study or among an additional 1990 women who underwent chorionic villus sampling (upper 95 percent confidence limit, 0.08 percent). We conclude that chorionic villus sampling is a safe and effective technique for the early prenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities, but that it probably entails a slightly higher risk of procedure failure and of fetal loss than does amniocentesis.
A rapid and economical method for profiling feature heights during microfabrication (2011)

Quality control is an important and integral part to any microfabrication process. While the widths of features often can be easily assessed by light microscopy, the heights of the fabricated structures are more difficult to determine. Here, we present a rapid, accurate, and low-cost method to measure the heights of microfabricated structures during and after the fabrication process. This technique is based on white-light interferometry, which offers accuracy on the submicrometre scale.
Application of artificial neural network (ANN) technique to rough surface inverse scattering problems (1992)

Summary form only given. The authors introduced an ANN multilayered perceptron technique and its application to rough surface inverse scattering problems. For the rough surface scattering problems considered, the values of the spectral correlations of the scattered intensities are the input and the desired roughness parameters, the RMS height, and the correlation distances are the output. The authors solved the forward problem, applied the input, and used arbitrarily chosen initial weights and bias to obtain the output. They then found the error between the target and the output. They used the backpropagation technique to change the weight and bias to reduce the error. The above learning procedure was repeated many times to train the ANN. Once the ANN was trained, the measured inputs were applied to the ANN and the desired outputs were obtained quickly. Next the inverse problem of finding the surface parameters, sigma and l, from the measurement was considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improving the Efficiency and Robustness of Deepfakes Detection through Precise Geometric Features (2021)

Deepfakes is a branch of malicious techniques that transplant a target face to the original one in videos, resulting in serious problems such as infringement of copyright, confusion of information, or even public panic. Previous efforts for Deepfakes videos detection mainly focused on appearance features, which have a risk of being bypassed by sophisticated manipulation, also resulting in high model complexity and sensitiveness to noise. Besides, how to mine the temporal features of manipulated videos and exploit them is still an open question. We propose an efficient and robust framework named LRNet for detecting Deepfakes videos through temporal modeling on precise geometric features. A novel calibration module is devised to enhance the precision of geometric features, making it more discriminative, and a two-stream Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is constructed for sufficient exploitation of temporal features. Compared to previous methods, our proposed method is lighter-weighted and easier to train. Moreover, our method has shown robustness in detecting highly compressed or noise corrupted videos. Our model achieved 0.999 AUC on FaceForensics++ dataset. Meanwhile, it has a graceful decline in performance (-0.042 AUC) when faced with highly compressed videos.
Thermal rearrangement of optically active tetradeuterated 2-methoxymethyl-methylenecyclopropane and the bent bond/antiperiplanar hypothesis (2019)

The thermolysis of an optically active tetradeuterated 2-methoxymethyl methylenecyclopropane produces a specific ratio of eight possible rearrangement stereoisomers. Despite numerous efforts, this reaction and other similar transformations have defied mechanistic interpretation until now. The direct application of the bent bond/antiperiplanar hypothesis (BBAH) to this reaction produces a mechanistic model that rationalizes all the observed reaction kinetics and products. The BBAH dictates that allyl diradical intermediates, produced during methylenecyclopropane thermolysis, retain pyramidal character due to antiperiplanar delocalization into their respective bent bond.
Biogenesis of peroxisomes: intracellular site of synthesis of catalase and uricase. (1978)

The intracellular site of synthesis of two peroxisomal enzymes of rat liver, uricase (urate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.3.3) and catalase (hydrogen peroxide:hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6), has been localized on free ribosomes and not membrane-bound ribosomes. Free polysomes and membrane-bound polysomes, prepared by classical cell fractionation techniques from rat liver, were incubated for protein synthesis in a cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. Characterization of the total translation products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, as well as by immunoprecipitation with anti-rat albumin anti-serum, confirmed that good separation of the two polysome classes was achieved. Uricase and catalase were immunoprecipitable from translation products directed by free polysomes or phenol-extracted free polysomal mRNA but not from products of membrane-bound polysomes. Furthermore, unlike albumin, nascent uricase and catalase were not cotranslationally segregated by dog pancreas microsomal membranes. The results indicate that uricase and catalase are transferred to the interior of peroxisomes by a post-translational mechanism; an hypothesis is formulated here for the biogenesis of peroxisomes.
Modular Motor drives for Permenant Magnet Synchronous Motors, an Overview (2022)

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have got a wide range of application in different power ratings and different reliability levels required. To satisfy the requirements for a wide range of the applications, while increasing the system reliability and power ratings and decreasing the weight, cost and repair time, modular motor drives for PMSMs could play an important role in improving the maturity of the technology. However, parallel operation of motor drives will introduce other challenges to the system, some of which will increase the power losses and reduce the system efficiency. There have been some solutions for similar issues in the literature, but not all of them can be applied in PMSM drive applications for the limits associated with specific applications. So, in this paper, a throughout review has been performed on solutions to mitigate the parallelization challenges which is accompanied by relative stability analysis for software-based methods.
Color-center laser generates picosecond pulses and several watts cw over the 124–145-μm range (1979)

A laser utilizing F2+ centers in KF and yielding pulses 3–5 psec wide continuously tunable over the 1.24–1.45-μm range is described. The mode locking was achieved through synchronous pumping with ~100-psec-wide pulses at 1.064 μm. Operated cw, the laser yielded greater than 2.3 W near band center and greater than 1 W over most of the tuning band for ~5-W input. At any given wavelength, time-average mode-locked output power was at least half the corresponding cw value.
Endogenous inhibitor of nonlysosomal high molecular weight protease and calcium-dependent protease. (1986)

An endogenous inhibitor of high molecular weight protease was purified from human erythrocytes and partially characterized. The inhibitor was isolated by DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography followed by separation on a Bio-Gel A-0.5m column. The inhibitor displayed a native Mr of 240,000 and contained a single subunit of Mr 40,000 after NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Mr 240,000 hexamer inhibited high molecular weight protease noncompetitively (Ki = 8.3 X 10(-8) M) and showed marked susceptibility to proteolytic digestion and heat treatment. The purified factor was also a potent inhibitor of calcium-dependent protease (Ki = 2.8 X 10(-8) M), whereas it had no effect on trypsin, chymotrypsin, or papain. Heat treatment (50-70 degrees C X 10 min) caused loss of inhibition against high molecular weight protease; however, inhibition of calcium-dependent protease was stable under the same conditions. This result is consistent with different domains on the inhibitor that interact with high molecular weight protease and calcium-dependent protease. Together with earlier studies in which repression of inhibitor by an ATP-ubiquitin-dependent process was proposed, the present results suggest a general mechanism for regulation of multiple nonlysosomal proteases that are complexed with endogenous inhibitors.
The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women (2018)

The role of sex hormones in regulating immune responses in the female genital tract has been recognized for decades. More recently, it has become increasingly clear that sex hormones regulate susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections through direct and indirect mechanisms involving inflammation and immune responses. The reproductive cycle can influence simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections in primates and HIV-1 infection in <i>ex vivo</i> cervical tissues from women. Exogenous hormones, such as those found in hormonal contraceptives, have come under intense scrutiny because of the increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections seen in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin-based contraceptive. Recent meta-analyses concluded that medroxyprogesterone acetate enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility in women by 40%. In contrast, estradiol-containing hormonal contraceptives were not associated with increased susceptibility and some studies reported a protective effect of estrogen on HIV/SIV infection, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies describe a key role for the vaginal microbiota in determining susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. While <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with decreased susceptibility, complex microbiota, such as those seen in bacterial vaginosis, correlates with increased susceptibility to HIV-1. Interestingly, sex hormones are inherently linked to microbiota regulation in the vaginal tract. Estrogen has been postulated to play a key role in establishing a <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominated microenvironment, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate is linked to hypo-estrogenic effects. The aim of this Review is to contribute to a better understanding of the sex-hormone-microbiome-immunity axis, which can provide key information on the determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility in the female genital tract and, consequently, inform HIV-1 prevention strategies.
Women, Surgery, and Leadership (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Optimization and Lead Selection of Benzothiazole Amide Analogs Toward a Novel Antimycobacterial Agent (2018)

Mycobacteria remain an important problem worldwide, especially drug resistant human pathogens. Novel therapeutics are urgently needed to tackle both drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and difficult-to-treat infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Benzothiazole adamantyl amide had previously emerged as a high throughput screening hit against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) and was subsequently found to be active against NTM as well. For lead optimization, we applied an iterative process of design, synthesis and screening of several 100 analogs to improve antibacterial potency as well as physicochemical and pharmacological properties to ultimately achieve efficacy. Replacement of the adamantyl group with cyclohexyl derivatives, including bicyclic moieties, resulted in advanced lead compounds that showed excellent potency and a mycobacteria-specific spectrum of activity. MIC values ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 μg/mL against <i>M. abscessus</i> (<i>Mabs</i>) and other rapid- growing NTM, 1-2 μg/mL against <i>M. avium</i> complex (MAC), and 0.12-0.5 μg/mL against <i>Mtb</i>. No pre-existing resistance was found in a collection of <i>n</i> = 54 clinical isolates of rapid-growing NTM. Unlike many antibacterial agents commonly used to treat mycobacterial infections, benzothiazole amides demonstrated bactericidal effects against both <i>Mtb</i> and <i>Mabs</i>. Metabolic labeling provided evidence that the compounds affect the transfer of mycolic acids to their cell envelope acceptors in mycobacteria. Mapping of resistance mutations pointed to the trehalose monomycolate transporter (MmpL3) as the most likely target. <i>In vivo</i> efficacy and tolerability of a benzothiazole amide was demonstrated in a mouse model of chronic NTM lung infection with <i>Mabs</i>. Once daily dosing over 4 weeks by intrapulmonary microspray administration as 5% corn oil/saline emulsion achieved statistically significant CFU reductions compared to vehicle control and non-inferiority compared to azithromycin. The benzothiazole amides hold promise for development of a novel therapeutic agent with broad antimycobacterial activity, though further work is needed to develop drug formulations for direct intrapulmonary delivery via aerosol.
Investigation ofHelicobacter pyloriascorbic acid oxidating activity (1995)

Helicobacter pylori sonicate was shown to oxidize ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid oxidation was determined by chromatography combined with electrochemical detection. Water soluble ascorbic acid oxidase activity was rather independent of pH with a pH optimum around 2. By gel filtration the oxidizing activity co-eluted with an absorbency peak at 408 nm. The relative molecular mass (Mr) was approximately 14,000. It is suggested that this oxidating activity was caused by a cytochrome c-like molecule. Ascorbic acid oxidating activity could also be extracted from bacterial membranes by detergents. Gel filtration showed several forms, the major one with a Mr = 19,000. pH optimum was 6-7. Other oxidase-positive bacterial strains like Campylobacter coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could degrade ascorbic acid. Since ascorbic acid oxidation by Helicobacter pylori whole bacterial lysates has a pH optimum in the acidic range corresponding to pH in gastric fluid, the activity of the cytochrome c-like water soluble oxidant of Helicobacter pylori seems to be primarily important for the destruction of ascorbic acid in the gastric juice of infected patients.
Theory of orientational elasticity (1994)

In order to describe the local orientation of a macroscopic medium with broken rotational symmetries, an orientational field that consists of three orthonormal vectors is introduced. Next, the deformation free-energy density is constructed and a detailed acount is given of the form and number of the appearing surface terms. It appears that the general expression involves 39 bulk elastic constants and 24 surface elastic constants for nonchiral materials, whereas the property of chirality introduces an additional number of six bulk elastic constants and three surface elastic constants. The influence of discrete and continuous symmetries on the independence of these elastic constants is considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulk Materials Research for Thermoelectric Power Generation Applications (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Meta-Learning Guarantees for Online Receding Horizon Learning Control (2020)

In this paper we provide provable regret guarantees for an online meta-learning receding horizon control algorithm in an iterative control setting. We consider the setting where, in each iteration the system to be controlled is a linear deterministic system that is different and unknown, the cost for the controller in an iteration is a general additive cost function and there are affine control input constraints. By analysing conditions under which sub-linear regret is achievable, we prove that the meta-learning online receding horizon controller achieves an average of the dynamic regret for the controller cost that is $\tilde{O}((1+1/\sqrt{N})T^{3/4})$ with the number of iterations $N$. Thus, we show that the worst regret for learning within an iteration improves with experience of more iterations, with guarantee on rate of improvement.
11 Validation of the FAST-ED score for prehospital identification of stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion and a comparison with the clinician’s judgment (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO). However, few comprehensive stroke centers are capable of providing EVT 24/7 and their geographical position is not necessarily ideal. We aimed to validate FAST-ED scale as a tool for LVO identification and hospital selection in the field and to compare it with the clinician’s judgment. <h3>Method</h3> All thrombolysis candidates transported by the emergency medical services from January to June 2017 were evaluated for FAST-ED scale items by two investigators (TP, DS). A neuroradiologist (PV) evaluated the presence of vessel occlusion on the admission CT angiography in a blinded manner. To compare two independent raters (TP, DS), interclass correlation coefficient was calculated based on a sub-cohort of 100 patients. <h3>Results</h3> The sample consisted of 610 thrombolysis candidates. LVO was diagnosed in 39 cases (6.4%). Majority of the patients (81.8%) scored 0–3 on FAST-ED scale. Sensitivity of FAST-ED ≥4 to predict LVO was 58%, whereas the specificity 87% and the negative predictive value 94%. For more experienced clinician, it was 79.4%, 88% and 97%, respectively. For less experienced clinician the corresponding numbers were 50%, 89%, and 92%. Interclass correlation coefficient for both raters for the whole range of FAST-ED was 0.92 (0.88–0.94). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The higher the FAST-ED score, the higher the probability of correctly identifying LVO in the field. However, with the most commonly used cut-off of ≥4 points, only 28% of the thrombolysis candidates had LVO. <h3>Reference</h3> Lima FO, Silva GS, Furie KL, Frankel MR, Lev MH, Camargo ÉC, <i>et al</i>. Field assessment stroke triage for emergency destination: A Simple and Accurate Prehospital Scale to detect large vessel occlusion strokes. <i>Stroke</i> 2016;47:1997–2002. <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> None. <h3>Funding</h3> Helsinki University Hospital EVO, Etelä-Karjalan Lääkäriseura and Viipurin Duodecim, Viipurin tuberkuloosisäätiö.
ANÁLISIS DEL MERCADO DE VALORES ECUATORIANO COMO FUENTE DE INVERSIÓN PARA LAS PYMES (2015)

El presente articulo es producto de un estudio acerca de la forma en la que invierten sus utilidades las PyME (Pequenas y Medianas Empresas) del Canton Milagro, Ecuador. El proposito de la investigacion es dar a conocer la Bolsa de Valores como fuente de inversion considerando que la mayoria lo hacen en instituciones financieras, existe un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre ventajas y beneficios que brinda el Mercado de Valores Ecuatoriano al considerarlo como una fuente para invertir dinero. Para lo cual se establecio un solo objetivo general, el mismo que consiste en demostrar la rentabilidad y efectividad de realizar transacciones dentro de este Mercado. Despues de estudiar el problema, las leyes y reglamentos que rigen el tema, por medio de encuestas aplicadas a gerentes – propietarios de las PyME establecidas en Milagro, se cercioro sobre el desconocimiento de informacion acerca de como opera el Mercado de Valores. Los resultados obtenidos fueron tabulados y reflejados a traves de graficos estadisticos, dejando como resultado que algunos propietarios poseen desinteres de conocer sobre banca e inversiones porque creen que si invierten en la Bolsa de Valores corren riesgo de perder parte o totalidad de sus ganancias. Palabras Clave: Compra de acciones, Mercado de Valores Ecuatoriano, Bolsa de Valores.
The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award (2009)

The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award No.091100, the Outstanding Achievement Award 2009, was presented to James V. Crivello (Professor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) for his outstanding achievement in photopolymer science and technology, "Invention of photoacid generators and its contribution to advancement of microlithography".