gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility Support for Cooperative Wireless Networks (2006)

In a cooperative network, by combining multiple copies of the same packet that are received either simultaneously (i.e., same time-slot) or non-simultaneously (i.e., different time-slot), the aggregate power level of the cooperatively transmitting set, required to achieve reliable reception at the receiver node, can be considerably lowered. This approach is especially advantageous for networks, where the number of nodes in the network, the network density, or the potential for wireless broadcasting advantage is high. In such networks, required transmit energy can be considerably reduced by routing packets over cooperative paths. Since the success of cooperation strictly depends on the selection of the appropriate power levels for each cooperating node, cooperative routing becomes difficult in networks where the nodes are mobile. In such networks, we need to select paths that can maximize the energy savings averaged over the connection time rather than the ones that only maximize savings at the current time. For this reason, we need to design routing protocols that takes into account the mobility characteristics within the network. In this paper, we propose a cooperative routing protocol that can improve the reliability level in the network against mobility variations.
Optimization of Free Space Optical Wireless Network for Cellular Backhauling (2014)

With densification of nodes in cellular networks, free space optic (FSO) connections are becoming an appealing low cost and high rate alternative to copper and fiber as the backhaul solution for wireless communication systems. To ensure a reliable cellular backhaul, provisions for redundant, disjoint paths between the nodes must be made in the design phase. This paper aims at finding a cost-effective solution to upgrade the cellular backhaul with pre-deployed optical fibers using FSO links and mirror components. Since the quality of the FSO links depends on several factors, such as transmission distance, power, and weather conditions, we adopt an elaborate formulation to calculate link reliability. We present a novel integer linear programming model to approach optimal FSO backhaul design, guaranteeing $K$-disjoint paths connecting each node pair. Next, we derive a column generation method to a path-oriented mathematical formulation. Applying the method in a sequential manner enables high computational scalability. We use realistic scenarios to demonstrate our approaches efficiently provide optimal or near-optimal solutions, and thereby allow for accurately dealing with the trade-off between cost and reliability.
Sparse Regular Expression Matching (2019)

A regular expression specifies a set of strings formed by single characters combined with concatenation, union, and Kleene star operators. Given a regular expression $R$ and a string $Q$, the regular expression matching problem is to decide if $Q$ matches any of the strings specified by $R$. Regular expressions are a fundamental concept in formal languages and regular expression matching is a basic primitive for searching and processing data. A standard textbook solution [Thompson, CACM 1968] constructs and simulates a nondeterministic finite automaton, leading to an $O(nm)$ time algorithm, where $n$ is the length of $Q$ and $m$ is the length of $R$. Despite considerable research efforts only polylogarithmic improvements of this bound are known. Recently, conditional lower bounds provided evidence for this lack of progress when Backurs and Indyk [FOCS 2016] proved that, assuming the strong exponential time hypothesis (SETH), regular expression matching cannot be solved in $O((nm)^{1-ε})$, for any constant $ε&gt; 0$. Hence, the complexity of regular expression matching is essentially settled in terms of $n$ and $m$. In this paper, we take a new approach and introduce a \emph{density} parameter, $Δ$, that captures the amount of nondeterminism in the NFA simulation on $Q$. The density is at most $nm+1$ but can be significantly smaller. Our main result is a new algorithm that solves regular expression matching in $$O\left(Δ\log \log \frac{nm}Δ +n + m\right)$$ time. This essentially replaces $nm$ with $Δ$ in the complexity of regular expression matching. We complement our upper bound by a matching conditional lower bound that proves that we cannot solve regular expression matching in time $O(Δ^{1-ε})$ for any constant $ε&gt; 0$ assuming SETH.
Advances in Imaging Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (2011)

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is one of the promising alternatives to conventional chemotherapy. Suicide gene therapy based anticancer strategy involves selective introduction of a foreign gene into tumor cells to produce a foreign enzyme that can activate an inert prodrug to its cytotoxic form and cause tumor cell death. In this review, we present three most promising suicide gene/prodrug combinations (1) herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) with ganciclovir (GCV), (2) cytosine deaminase (CD) from bacteria or yeast with 5-fluorocytodine (5-FC) and (3) bacterial nitroreductase (NTR) with 5-(azaridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB1954) and discuss how molecular imaging may improve therapy strategies. Current advances in noninvasive imaging technologies can measure vector dose, tumor selectivity, transgene expression and biodistribution of therapeutic gene with the aid of reporter genes and imageable probes from live animal. In this review we will discuss various imaging modalities - Optical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and highlight some of the approaches that can advance prodrug cancer therapy from bench to clinic.
Chromogen-based Immunohistochemical Method for Elucidation of the Coexpression of Two Antigens Using Antibodies from the Same Species (2012)

The authors established a chromogen-based, double immunolabeling method using antibodies from the same species without any unwanted cross-reactivity. In addition, time-consuming staining steps were shortened by using polymer-based secondary antibodies. Taking advantage of the nature of the chromogen 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), which is used as a horseradish peroxidase substrate for antibody detection, the AEC-derived signals in the first color development were easily eliminated by alcohol treatment. Therefore, the signals from the first staining did not interfere with those from the subsequent second staining, which used the chromogen 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. The co-localization of antigens within the same cell could be confirmed using this method, because cell images of the individual dye staining steps could be obtained and developed. The images from each step could be expressed in pseudo-colors in a dark field by using a computer. As a result, merged images could be constructed that resembled the images acquired by the fluorescent immunolabeling technique. The resolution of this method enabled analysis of the coexpression of two antigens in the same cell in the same section. The authors have named this staining technique the elucidation of the coexpression of two antigens in a cell using antibodies from the same species (ECSS).
Uniaxial Tensile Strength of Cementitious Composites (1994)

Abstract A brief review of various methods of measuring the uniaxial tensile strength of cementitious composites is presented. The pros and cons of these methods are described. Common problems associated with the traditional uniaxial tension testing techniques exist, and these problems arise from two areas: (1) stress concentration at gripping and (2) misalignment. These testing artifacts can significantly influence the test results, producing measurements that underestimate the intrinsic strength of the material. A novel approach for testing cementitious composites in tension is described. The test uses cylindrical bar specimens 9.5 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length. The specimens are fractured in a hydraulic chamber which allows specimen self-alignment. The advantages of using the technique are minimization of misalignment and stress concentration, larger specimen volume under stress, and determination of initiation of fracture. The tensile strength values obtained using the hydraulic tension test technique are compared to those obtained by the traditional uniaxial tension tests. The average tensile strength of bigger size specimens, such as 16 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length, was predicted using the application of Weibull theory. Furthermore, these specimens were also tested using the hydraulic tension testing technique. The data show that the predicted values obtained using the application of Weibull theory compare well with the experimental values obtained by the novel teasion testing technique.
PHOTOPHYSICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF DYE BINDING* (1968)

Abstract— A discussion is given of the photophysical and photochemical consequences of the binding of dyes and of pigments of biological importance to polymeric substrates. The modification of the photochemical properties induced by dye binding can in large part be ascribed to the known changes in photophysical properties of dyes engendered by such interactions. Principally, these involve enhanced formation of metastable species of dye molecules and decreased opportunity for self‐quenching. In photochemical terms, dye binding thus enhances susceptibility to photoreduction, causes an increase in the quantum yield of photoreduction with increasing concentration of bound dye, and induces enhanced ability to act as a sensi‐tizer in photoreduction. Paradoxically, dye binding decreases the ability of the bound dye to act as a sensitizer in photoxidation.
The effects of flight and altitude (2004)

Increasing numbers of infants and children journey by aeroplane, or travel to high altitude destinations, for example, on holiday or as part of a population migration. Most are healthy, although increasingly children may be transported by aeroplane or helicopter specifically to obtain treatment for severe illness or injury. It is therefore useful to review the effects of altitude, and their relevance to children who undertake flights or travel to, or at high altitudes, particularly those with acute and chronic medical conditions.
Effect of speech material on the benefit of temporal fine structure information in speech for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects (2010)

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the type of speech material on the benefit obtained from temporal fine structure (TFS) information in speech for young normal-hearing (YNH) and older hearing-impaired (OHI) participants.DESIGN:The design was based on the work of . They measured the speech reception thresholds for a target talker in a background talker as a function of the frequency range over which TFS information was available. The signal was split into 32 channels, each with a bandwidth equal to the equivalent rectangular bandwidth of the normal auditory filter at the same center frequency. Above a cutoff (CO) channel, channels were vocoded and contained only temporal envelope information. Channels up to and including CO were not processed. Hopkins et al. found that, as CO was increased, speech reception thresholds decreased more for normal-hearing participants than for participants with cochlear hearing loss, suggesting that the latter were less able to use TFS information. We used the same design, but compared results when the target speech materials were open-set sentences, as used by Hopkins et al., and when they were more predictable sentences with a closed word set (Danish Dantale 2).RESULTS:With the open-set material, YNH listeners benefited more from TFS information than OHI listeners, replicating . For the YNH participants, the benefit of adding TFS was greater for the open-set material than for the closed-set material, while no difference in TFS benefit across speech materials was found for the OHI participants.CONCLUSIONS:The choice of speech material is important when assessing the benefit of TFS. Several factors may facilitate recognition in the absence of TFS cues, including small set size, predictable temporal structure of the target speech, and contextual effects. We speculate that TFS information is useful for reducing informational masking, by providing cues for the perceptual segregation of the target and background. When the target speech is highly predictable, informational masking may be minimal, rendering TFS cues unnecessary.
A CHALLENGE TO FABRIC FILTER RESEARCHERS, DESIGNERS, SUPPLIERS AND USERS OR HOW TO GET MORE FOR LESS WITH ENERYY SAVINGS TOO (1984)

ABSTRACT The number of possible variations among filter fabrics, whatever the construction style, is unlimited. As a result, major differences occur in new and/ or replacement media and these have a significant, often adverse effect, on filtration performance for undertermined reasons. The basic and often critical physical changes brought about by fiber/fabric variations, although usually subtle, must be identified, quantified and interpreted in terms of filter performance if this process is to advance from art to science. Fiber chemistry, style, type and size, yarn characteristics and all fabric features as well as mechanical features have a direct and critical influence on the filtration process for a number of reasons, some of which are obvious and others that are overlooked or not recognized. Among the latter are the electrical qualities of media that have received far too little attention. Recognizing that these fundamental media properties most often control the collection operation and are directly influenced by construction features, it is absolutely necessary that they be related to performance. Once the data is obtained and related to performance by appropriate interpretation of experimental and commercial filtration experience, the basis for accurate prescription of filter media will evolve. Since attainment of this goal is so crucial to the well being of everyone concerned, users and suppliers of fabric filters alike, establishment of a filtration laboratory is urgently recommended.
Non basal cell carcinoma yet Mohs: Specific indications for Mohs' micrographic surgery (2012)

Mohs' micrographic surgery is the best treatment for (recurrent) basal cell carcinoma with an aggressive histological subtype in the H-zone of the face. There are more (potentially) aggressive cutaneous tumors where micrographic control of all margins is preferred. To improve care for skin cancer patients, boundaries are pushed and indications for Mohs' micrographic surgery are extended. We describe two cases of Mohs' micrographic surgery for the treatment of a primary poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural- and angioinvasion of the nose and a multiple incomplete resected dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the scalp.
ChemInform Abstract: 3′‐Oligonucleotides Conjugation via Chemoselective Oxime Bond Formation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SFigure 1 from Dual Targeting of Insulin Receptor and KIT in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains immunoblot evaluations of phospho-EGFR and EGFR expression in GIST cell lines to support Figure 1A.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical arrays for high frequency ultrasound imaging (2002)

Dynamically focused and steered high frequency ultrasound imaging systems require arrays with fine element spacing, wide bandwidths and large apertures. However, these characteristics are difficult to achieve at frequencies greater than 30 MHz using conventional array construction methods. Optical schemes offer a solution. An optical detection system was built with near optimal resolution over a wide depth of field. A possible application is in pathology, where 2-D or 3-D fine resolution imaging can be performed in situ without the need for biopsies.
Shakespeare and Hospitality (2016)

Across North and South America, Indigenous people play a dual political role, building self-governing structures in their own nations and participating in the elections of settler states. Doing Democracy Differently asks how states are responding to demands for Indigenous representation and autonomy and in what ways the ongoing project of decolonization may unsettle the practice of democracy. &#13;\n &#13;\n Based on the structured, focused comparison of four success stories across Northern Canada, Bolivia, and Ecuador, this book provides real-world examples of how Indigenous autonomy and self-determination may be successfully advanced using existing democratic mechanisms. Drawing on thorough original research to identify factors that create distinctive patterns within Indigenous-state relations, it argues that the capacity for democratic innovation lies within the realm of civil society while the possibility for uptake of such innovation is found within the state and its willingness to work with Indigenous and popular actors. &#13;\n &#13;\n Operating at the intersection of Indigenous and Comparative Politics, Doing Democracy Differently takes seriously the role of institutions and the land on which they are built in the creation of democratic transformations in the Americas. This book advances Indigenous rights to autonomy and self-government and speaks to some of the thorniest issues in democratic governance.
Copolymerization of Ethylene and Vinyl Fluoride by Self-Assembled Multinuclear Palladium Catalysts (2020)

The self-assembled multinuclear Pd<sup>II</sup> complexes {(Li-OPO<sup>OMe2</sup>)PdMe(4-5-nonyl-pyridine)}<sub>4</sub>Li<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (<b>C</b>, Li-OPO<sup>OMe2</sup> = PPh(2-SO<sub>3</sub>Li-4,5-(OMe)<sub>2</sub>-Ph)(2-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-4,5-(OMe)<sub>2</sub>-Me-Ph)), {(Zn-OP-P-SO)PdMe(L)}<sub>4</sub> (<b>D</b>, L = pyridine or 4-<i><sup>t</sup></i>Bu-pyridine, [OP-P-SO]<sup>3-</sup> = P(4-<sup>t</sup>Bu-Ph)(2-PO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>-5-Me-Ph)(2-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-5-Me-Ph)), and {(Zn-OP-P-SO)PdMe(pyridine)}<sub>3</sub> (<b>E</b>) copolymerize ethylene and vinyl fluoride (VF) to linear copolymers. VF is incorporated at levels of 0.1-2.5 mol% primarily as in-chain -CH<sub>2</sub>CHFCH<sub>2</sub>- units. The molecular weight distributions of the copolymers produced by <b>D</b> and <b>E</b> are generally narrower than for catalyst <b>C</b>, which suggests that the Zn-phosphonate cores of <b>D</b> and <b>E</b> are more stable than the Li-sulfonate-chloride core of <b>C</b> under copolymerization conditions. The ethylene/VF copolymerization activities of <b>C</b>-<b>E</b> are over 100 times lower and the copolymer molecular weights (MWs) are reduced compared to the results for ethylene homopolymerization by these catalysts.
The local immunological microenvironment in colorectal cancer as a prognostic factor for treatment decisions in the clinic (2012)

Analysis of the local immunological microenvironment in colorectal cancer lesions yielded prognostic markers. Harnessing these insights for clinical application however requires the use of sophisticated technology and algorithms, especially the robust and reproducible quantification of immune cells. These technologies are available and will allow individualized treatment decisions beyond the current standard.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the effects of ivabradine, a direct sinus node inhibitor, on heart rate in healthy volunteers* (1998)

This study shows that ivabradine exerts a dose-dependent bradycardic effect and that its N-dealkylated metabolite contributes to this bradycardic effect.
Map Matching and Lane Detection Based on Markovian Behavior, GIS, and IMU Data (2020)

This paper presents a fast, memory-efficient, and worldwide map matching algorithm based on raw geographic coordinates and enriched open map data with support for trajectories on foot, by bike, and motorized vehicles. The proposed algorithm combines the Markovian behavior and the shortest path aspect while taking into account the type and direction of all road segments, information about one-way traffic, maximum allowed speed per road segment, and driving behavior. Furthermore, a self-adapting lane detection algorithm based solely on accelerometer readings is added on top of the map matching algorithm. An experimental validation consisting of 30 trajectories on foot, by bike, and by car, showed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms, with an average F1-score and median error of 99.5% and 1.89 m for the map matching algorithm and an average F1-score of 86.7% for the lane detection algorithm, which resulted in the correctly estimated lane 93.0% of the time. Moreover, the proposed technique outperforms existing state of the art techniques with accuracy improvements up to 45.2%.
Histopathologic risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with T1 colorectal cancer (2017)

Deep submucosal invasion, histologic high grade, budding, and vascular invasion are risk factors for LNM in patients with T1 colorectal cancer. If any of these risk factors are present, additional surgery following endoscopic resection should be determined after considering the potential risk of LNM and each patient's situation.
Lateral control of an autonomous road vehicle in a simulated highway environment using adaptive resonance neural networks (2003)

Lateral control of a simulated vehicle in a simulated highway driving environment is explored. Three modules are used: a driving simulator, a visual preprocessor, and a neural network. Once trained, the networks control the trajectory of the vehicle by accessing a steering decision for implementation at each timestep in response to a visual encoding of an image generated at the previous timestep. The paper presents the development of the three system modules, the creation of training sets, and computational results. Neural network performances are gauged by a number of procedures. Excellent results are achieved for straight roads and curved roads under a variety of initial conditions on the vehicle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lipid levels are inversely associated with infectious and all-cause mortality: international MONDO study results (2018)

Cardiovascular (CV) events are increased 36-fold in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, randomized controlled trials to lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and serum total cholesterol (TC) have not shown significant mortality improvements. An inverse association of TC and LDL-C with all-cause and CV mortality has been observed in patients on chronic dialysis. Lipoproteins also may protect against infectious diseases. We used data from 37,250 patients in the international Monitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) database to evaluate the association between lipids and infection-related or CV mortality. The study began on the first day of lipid measurement and continued for up to 4 years. We applied Cox proportional models with time-varying covariates to study associations of LDL-C, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) with all-cause, CV, infectious, and other causes of death. Overall, 6,147 patients died (19.2% from CV, 13.2% from infection, and 67.6% from other causes). After multivariable adjustment, higher LDL-C, HDL-C, and TGs were independently associated with lower all-cause death risk. Neither LDL-C nor TGs were associated with CV death, and HDL-C was associated with lower CV risk. Higher LDL-C and HDL-C were associated with a lower risk of death from infection or other non-CV causes. LDL-C was associated with reduced all-cause and infectious, but not CV mortality, which resulted in the inverse association with all-cause mortality.