gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 45-Second Self-Test for Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Heart Rate-Based Estimation in Healthy Individuals (2016)

Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is a widespread essential indicator in Sports Science as well as in Sports Medicine. This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for CRF based on a 45 second self-test, which can be conducted anywhere. Criterion validity, test re-test study was set up to accomplish our objectives. Data from 81 healthy volunteers (age: 29 8 years, BMI: 24.0 2.9), 18 of whom females, were used to validate this test against gold standard. Nineteen volunteers repeated this test twice in order to evaluate its repeatability. CRF estimation models were developed using heart rate (HR) features extracted from the resting, exercise, and the recovery phase. The most predictive HR feature was the intercept of the linear equation fitting the HR values during the recovery phase normalized for the height 2 (r 2 = 0.30). The Ruffier-Dickson Index (RDI), which was originally developed for this squat test, showed a negative significant correlation with CRF (r = -0.40), but explained only 15% of the variability in CRF. A multivariate model based on RDI and sex, age and height increased the explained variability up to 53% with a cross validation (CV) error of 0.532 L min -1 and substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.91). The best predictive multivariate model made use of the linear intercept of HR at the beginning of the recovery normalized for height 2 and age 2 ; this had an adjusted r 2 = 0. 59, a CV error of 0.495 Lmin -1 and substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.93). It also had a higher agreement in classifying CRF levels ( = 0.42) than RDI-based model ( = 0.29). In conclusion, this simple 45 s self-test can be used to estimate and classify CRF in healthy individuals with moderate accuracy and large repeatability when HR recovery features are included.
Isotropic plasma-thermal atomic layer etching of aluminum nitride using SF6 plasma and Al(CH3)3 (2023)

We report the isotropic plasma atomic layer etching (ALE) of aluminum nitride using sequential exposures of SF6 plasma and trimethylaluminum [Al(CH3)3]. ALE was observed at temperatures greater than 200 °C, with a maximum etch rate of 1.9 Å/cycle observed at 300 °C as measured using ex situ ellipsometry. After ALE, the etched surface was found to contain a lower concentration of oxygen compared to the original surface and exhibited a ∼35% decrease in surface roughness. These findings have relevance for applications of AlN in nonlinear photonics and wide bandgap semiconductor devices.
Chimeric Yellow Fever/Dengue Virus as a Candidate Dengue Vaccine: Quantitation of the Dengue Virus-Specific CD8 T-Cell Response (2000)

We have constructed a chimeric yellow fever/dengue (YF/DEN) virus, which expresses the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from DEN type 2 (DEN-2) virus in a YF virus (YFV-17D) genetic background. Immunization of BALB/c mice with this chimeric virus induced a CD8 T-cell response specific for the DEN-2 virus prM and E proteins. This response protected YF/DEN virus-immunized mice against lethal dengue encephalitis. Control mice immunized with the parental YFV-17D were not protected against DEN-2 virus challenge, indicating that protection was mediated by the DEN-2 virus prM- and E-specific immune responses. YF/DEN vaccine-primed CD8 T cells expanded and were efficiently recruited into the central nervous systems of DEN-2 virus challenged mice. At 5 days after challenge, 3 to 4% of CD8 T cells in the spleen were specific for the prM and E proteins, and 34% of CD8 T cells in the central nervous system recognized these proteins. Depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cells, or both, strongly reduced the protective efficacy of the YF/DEN virus, stressing the key role of the antiviral T-cell response.
Prevalence of adult unilateral hearing loss and hearing aid use in the United States (2017)

2. Laryngoscope, 128:1681-1686, 2018.
Bis(μ-phenylphosphido-κ2P:P)bis{[1,2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane-κ2P,P′]platinum(I)} dichloride bis(dichloromethane) hexane solvate (2004)

In the title compound, [Pt2(C6H6P)2(C26H48P2)2]Cl2·2CH2Cl2·C6H14, the cation crystallizes as a phosphido-bridged PtI dimer [Pt(dcype)(μ-PPhH)]2Cl2, with crystallographic 2/m symmetry [dcype is 1,2-bis­(di­cyclo­hexyl­phosphino)­ethane]. The Pt2P2 core forms a planar distorted square capped by chelating bis-phosphine ligands, resulting in a distorted square-planar geometry for the Pt atoms. In the Pt2P2 core, the Pt—P bond length is 2.3403 (9) Å, with a narrow P—Pt—P angle of 76.87 (6)° and a wide Pt—P—Pt angle of 103.13 (6)°. The bite angle of the dcype ligand is 85.70 (6)°, with a Pt—P bond length of 2.2993 (11)°.
Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Improved Vertical Donor–Acceptor Compositional Gradient Via an Inverted Off‐Center Spinning Method (2015)

A novel, yet simple solution fabrication technique to address the trade-off between photocurrent and fill factor in thick bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is described. The inverted off-center spinning technique promotes a vertical gradient of the donor-acceptor phase-separated morphology, enabling devices with near 100% internal quantum efficiency and a high power conversion efficiency of 10.95%.
Screening of Lettuce Germplasm for Agronomic Traits under Low Water Conditions (2016)

After a preliminary screening of over 3500 cultivars, we selected 200 butterhead, cos, crisphead, leaf, and stem lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and wild prickly lettuce ( Lactuca serriola L.) varieties to test under high water (150% evapotranspiration [ET]) and low water (50% ET) conditions in the field, and tracked commercially relevant traits related to growth and marketability, maturity, and physiology. Plants typically reduced growth and appeared to reallocate developmental resources to achieve maturity quickly, as indicated by traits such as increased core length. This strategy may allow them to complete their life cycle before severe drought stress proves lethal. Although most cultivars experienced a reduction in growth under low water conditions relative to high water conditions, some cultivars had a significantly reduced yield penalty under stress conditions. Among the different types of lettuce, the fresh weight (FW) of cos cultivars was most affected by drought stress, and the FW of leaf lettuce was least affected. Cos cultivars tended to bolt early. Crisphead cultivars Cal-West 80, Heatmaster, and Marion produced large heads and did not bolt under low water treatments, and butterhead cultivars Buttercrunch and Bibb also produced relatively large heads with very little bolting and no signs of tipburn. The four green leaf cultivars Slobolt, Grand Rapids, Western Green, and Australian showed no statistically significant difference in FW among high and low water treatments in multiple trials, and may be good choices for growers who wish to minimize losses under reduced irrigation. The identification of potentially drought-tolerant varieties and the information from this study may be helpful for cultivar selection by growers under drought conditions, but this study also serves as a step forward in the genetic improvement of lettuce to drought stress.
Molecular characterization of recombinant T1, a non-allergenic periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) protein, with sequence similarity to the Bet v 1 plant allergen family (2003)

More than 25% of the population suffer from Type I allergy, an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity disease. Allergens with homology to the major birch ( Betula verrucosa ) pollen allergen, Bet v 1, belong to the most potent elicitors of IgE-mediated allergies. T1, a cytokinin-inducible cytoplasmic periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ) protein, with significant sequence similarity to members of the Bet v 1 plant allergen family, was expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant T1 (rT1) did not react with IgE antibodies from allergic patients, and failed to induce basophil histamine release and immediate-type skin reactions in Bet v 1-allergic patients. Antibodies raised against purified rT1 could be used for in situ localization of natural T1 by immunogold electron microscopy, but did not cross-react with most of the Bet v 1-related allergens. CD analysis showed significant differences regarding secondary structure and thermal denaturation behaviour between rT1 and recombinant Bet v 1, suggesting that these structural differences are responsible for the different allergenicity of the proteins. T1 represents a non-allergenic member of the Bet v 1 family that may be used to study structural requirements of allergenicity and to engineer hypo-allergenic plants by replacing Bet v 1-related allergens for primary prevention of allergy.
Co3O4–MnO2–CNT Hybrids Synthesized by HNO3 Vapor Oxidation of Catalytically Grown CNTs as OER Electrocatalysts (2015)

Abstract An efficient two‐step gas‐phase method was developed for the synthesis of Co 3 O 4 –MnO 2 –CNT hybrids used as electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Spinel Co–Mn oxide was used for the catalytic growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the amount of metal species remaining in the CNTs was adjusted by varying the growth time. Gas‐phase treatment in HNO 3 vapor at 200 °C was performed to 1) open the CNTs, 2) oxidize encapsulated Co nanoparticles to Co 3 O 4 as well as MnO nanoparticles to MnO 2 , and 3) to create oxygen functional groups on carbon. The hybrid demonstrated excellent OER activity and stability up to 37.5 h under alkaline conditions, with longer exposure to HNO 3 vapor up to 72 h beneficial for improved electrocatalytic properties. The excellent OER performance can be assigned to the high oxidation states of the oxide nanoparticles, the strong electrical coupling between these oxides and the CNTs as well as favorable surface properties rendering the hybrids a promising alternative to noble metal based OER catalysts.
A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication (2014)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) affects 3% of the world's population and causes serious liver ailments including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Current treatment is not fully effective and causes adverse side effects. There is no HCV vaccine available. Thus, continued effort is required for developing a vaccine and better therapy. An HCV cell culture system is critical for studying various stages of HCV growth including viral entry, genome replication, packaging, and egress. In the current procedure presented, we used a wild-type intragenotype 2a chimeric virus, FNX-HCV, and a recombinant FNX-Rluc virus carrying a Renilla luciferase reporter gene to study the virus replication. A human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7 based) was used for transfection of in vitro transcribed HCV genomic RNAs. Cell-free culture supernatants, protein lysates and total RNA were harvested at various time points post-transfection to assess HCV growth. HCV genome replication status was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and visualizing the presence of HCV double-stranded RNA. The HCV protein expression was verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays using antibodies specific for HCV NS3 and NS5A proteins. HCV RNA transfected cells released infectious particles into culture supernatant and the viral titer was measured. Luciferase assays were utilized to assess the replication level and infectivity of reporter HCV. In conclusion, we present various virological assays for characterizing different stages of the HCV replication cycle.
Relevance of Autoantibodies for the Classification and Pathogenesis of Neurological Diseases (2011)

the relevance of autoantibodies for the classification of neurological diseases and discuss novel findings of a potential involvement of T cells in NMO.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Associated with Intrathecal Cell Therapy in Patients with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (P1-3.001) (2023)

To identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of clinical response to intrathecal (IT) mesenchymal stem cell-neural progenitor (MSC-NP) treatment in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).
Ultra-flexible and ultra-thin embedded medical devices on large area panels (2010)

Medical devices need a maximum of miniaturization for highest functionality in smallest volumes. An approach using ultra-thin highly flexible substrate technology, flip chip reflow soldering of thinned IC dies thereon and 3D-folding and stacking has been tested in the framework of the European project TIPS. The concepts of ultra-flexible and ultra-thin embedded medical devices on large area panels are proposed in this paper. Application fields of such highly integrated modules are strongly growing areas like medical and health monitoring, both for implanted and non-implanted medical devices, sensors, portable and wearable electronic systems. A folded thin flex module containing a hearing aid flip-chip-set has been realized as a demonstrator.
Neuromorphic Processing and Sensing: Evolutionary Progression of AI to Spiking (2020)

The increasing rise in machine learning and deep learning applications is requiring ever more computational resources to successfully meet the growing demands of an always-connected, automated world. Neuromorphic technologies based on Spiking Neural Network algorithms hold the promise to implement advanced artificial intelligence using a fraction of the computations and power requirements by modeling the functioning, and spiking, of the human brain. With the proliferation of tools and platforms aiding data scientists and machine learning engineers to develop the latest innovations in artificial and deep neural networks, a transition to a new paradigm will require building from the current well-established foundations. This paper explains the theoretical workings of neuromorphic technologies based on spikes, and overviews the state-of-art in hardware processors, software platforms and neuromorphic sensing devices. A progression path is paved for current machine learning specialists to update their skillset, as well as classification or predictive models from the current generation of deep neural networks to SNNs. This can be achieved by leveraging existing, specialized hardware in the form of SpiNNaker and the Nengo migration toolkit. First-hand, experimental results of converting a VGG-16 neural network to an SNN are shared. A forward gaze into industrial, medical and commercial applications that can readily benefit from SNNs wraps up this investigation into the neuromorphic computing future.
Ferroelectric capped magnetization in multiferroic PZT/LSMO tunnel junctions \n (2015)

Self-poled ultra-thin ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) (5 and 7 nm) films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition technique on ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) (30 nm) to check the effect of polar capping on magnetization for ferroelectric tunnel junction devices. PZT/LSMO heterostructures with thick polar PZT (7 nm) capping show nearly 100% enhancement in magnetization compared with thin polar PZT (5 nm) films, probably due to excess hole transfer from the ferroelectric to the ferromagnetic layers. Core-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed the presence of larger Mn 3s exchange splitting and higher Mn3+/Mn4+ ion ratio in the LSMO with 7 nm polar capping.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Bis‐silylation of C60: Synthesis of a Novel C60 Main Chain Polysilane. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A ketogenic diet for reducing obesity and maintaining capacity for physical activity (2019)

Purpose of review This review will evaluate the recent scientific literature on the efficacy of the ketogenic diet for enhancing weight loss and maintaining capacity for physical activity. Recent findings With the increasing obesity epidemic, the 21st century has witnessed the emergence of various diet programs aimed at promoting weight loss and enhancing physical performance. The ketogenic diet, a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates, has been at the forefront. Recent literature has documented significant weight-loss following ketogenic diet interventions. This has been associated with a decrease in systemic inflammation, reduced insulin resistance, and improved lipid profile. Given the importance of physical activity to sustaining a healthy weight, the impact of a ketogenic diet on physical performance has been investigated. The majority of the current literature supports a positive influence of the ketogenic diet on physical activity owing to its ability to maintain performance of both endurance and resistance activities. We highlight the most important recent advances that have been made on the ketogenic diet in relation to obesity and capacity for physical activity. Summary The ketogenic diet is a potentially promising diet for reducing obesity while maintaining capacity for physical activity. However, questions surrounding the sustainability of this diet for the long-term remain.
Blowup analysis for a quasi-exact 1D model of 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes (2023)

We study the singularity formation of a quasi-exact 1D model proposed by Hou-Li in \cite{hou2008dynamic}. This model is based on an approximation of the axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations in the $r$ direction. The solution of the 1D model can be used to construct an exact solution of the original 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations if the initial angular velocity, angular vorticity, and angular stream function are linear in $r$. This model shares many intrinsic properties similar to those of the 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. It captures the competition between advection and vortex stretching as in the 1D De Gregorio \cite{de1990one, de1996partial} model. We show that the inviscid model with weakened advection and smooth initial data or the original 1D model with Hölder continuous data develops a self-similar blowup. We also show that the viscous model with weakened advection and smooth initial data develops a finite time blowup. To obtain sharp estimates for the nonlocal terms, we perform an exact computation for the low-frequency Fourier modes and extract damping in leading order estimates for the high-frequency modes using singularly weighted norms in the energy estimates. The analysis for the viscous case is more subtle since the viscous terms produce some instability if we just use singular weights. We establish the blowup analysis for the viscous model by carefully designing an energy norm that combines a singularly weighted energy norm and a sum of high-order Sobolev norms.
Practical Quantum Mechanics (2015)

Abstract The book contains lectures notes for a graduate two-semester course in quantum mechanics. It differs from other quantum mechanics textbooks as various parts of the book are inspired by rather recent advances in various areas of physics. For example, the book begins by putting the Schrödinger equation on a spatial discrete lattice, inspired by Hamiltonian lattice gauge theories (HLGT). The book also discusses the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics and emphasize the adiabatic time evolution in the case of a time-dependent Hamiltonian. As an example of how to use symmetry in quantum mechanics, the book treats one-dimensional periodic potentials. The book also discusses atoms and molecules using mean-field-like treatment, such as the Hartree–Fock approximation, including a discussion on how to go beyond it. Electron–electron correlations in the hydrogen molecule are taken into account with a first quantized formulation of the two-site Hubbard model, which is solved analytically. The book also uses the canonical Hamiltonian quantization of quantum electrodynamics after finding the normal modes, in an analogy with the treatment of the normal modes of an array of atoms, the photons emerge as the quanta of such normal modes, in the same way as the phonons emerge in the treatment of the normal modes of the coupled array of atoms. This Hamiltonian quantization of the electromagnetic field is used later to treat its interaction with atomic matter, without having to follow the usual semiclassical treatment.
Isolation and characterization of phenotypes of mycobacteria (1976)

Several strains of mycobacteria grown as surface pellicle on liquid Sauton's medium under semianaerobic conditions dissociated into three phenotypes: phenotypes 1, 2, and 3. Only phenotype 1 could be obtained in a pure state. None of these phenotypes was found to be stable: they convert from one into another and all revert to the parental strain when replaced in their usual aerobic cultural conditions. Comparative studies of phenotypes 1 and 3 have shown that significant differences exist in their physiological behaviour and antigenic composition.
Menstrual cycle, beta-endorphins, and pain sensitivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. (2002)

This study examined pain sensitivity and pain modularity mechanisms (e.g., beta-endorphin levels, blood pressure) in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD; n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27) during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Physiological measures were taken during rest and ischemic pain testing. In both cycle phases, PMDD women (a) displayed lower resting cortisol and beta-endorphin levels and (b) exhibited shorter pain threshold and tolerance times and greater pain unpleasantness ratings during pain. PMDD women also reported greater pain unpleasantness and intensity and had lower beta-endorphin levels in their luteal phase and tended to display higher blood pressure levels at rest and during pain testing. Results suggest that endogenous opioids may be pathophysiologically relevant to PMDD and that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may modulate pain sensitivity in PMDD.
Skin cancer in liver transplant recipients (2000)

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy arising in the posttransplantation setting. Multiple factors contribute to the high risk for cutaneous carcinoma in immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients. We review the phenomenon of skin cancer in solid-organ transplant recipients and further delineate the problem in the context of liver transplantation. Skin cancer is a significant medical and surgical problem for organ-transplant recipients. With prolonged allograft function and patient survival, the majority of solid-organ transplant recipients will eventually develop skin cancer. Although squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cutaneous malignancy in this population, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma, as well as uncommon skin malignancies, may occur. Highly susceptible patients may develop hundreds of squamous cell carcinomas, which may be life threatening. Management strategies focus on regular full-skin and nodal examination, aggressive treatment of established malignancies, and prophylactic measures to reduce the risk for additional photodamage and malignant transformation. Skin cancer is a substantial cause of morbidity and even mortality among solid-organ transplant recipients. As a byproduct of immunosuppression, liver transplant recipients experience a high incidence of skin cancer and should be educated and managed accordingly.