gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular defects in a mouse model of HOXA1 syndrome (2011)

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common human birth defects, yet many genes and pathways regulating heart development remain unknown. A recent study in humans revealed that mutations in a single Hox gene, HOXA1 (Athabascan Brainstem Dysgenesis Syndrome, Bosley-Salih-Alorainy Syndrome), can cause severe cardiovascular malformations, some of which are lethal without surgical intervention. Since the discovery of the human syndromes, there have been no reports of any Hox mouse mutants with cardiac defects, hampering studies to explore the developmental causes of the human disease. In this study, we identify severe cardiovascular malformations in a Hox mouse model, which mimic the congenital heart defects in HOXA1 syndrome patients. Hoxa1 null mice show defects such as interrupted aortic arch, aberrant subclavian artery and Tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrating that Hoxa1 is required for patterning of the great arteries and outflow tract of the heart. We show that during early embryogenesis, Hoxa1 is expressed in precursors of cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), which populate the heart. We further demonstrate that Hoxa1 acts upstream of several genes, important for neural crest specification. Thus, our data allow us to suggest a model in which Hoxa1 regulates heart development through its influence on cardiac NCCs, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the human disease.
Maxillary labial frenum attachment in children (2011)

The results of this study suggest that, in children, ethnic background and gender are not associated with maxillary labial frenum attachment type, whereas age is strongly associated.
Effect of Luteinizing Hormone on Ovarian Release of Steroids: Ovarian Vein-Sampling Technique in Conscious Gilt (1978)

After ventral midline laparotomy was done, silastic tubing was inserted into the ovarian vein through a cranial branch of the uterine vein. The free end of the silastic tubing was exteriorized through a perforation of the dorsal wall of the vagina and then passed to the outside of the vulva. The free end of the tubing was sutured to the skin approximately 3 cm lateral to the ventral aspect of the vulva. In the ovarian vein of the sow, the plasma concentration of ovarian steroids was 1.5 to 4.0 times greater than that in peripheral blood, thus making possible the detection of changes not found in peripheral plasma samples. Blood samples were taken immediately after surgical placement of the sample collection tube for a 4-month period from unstressed gilts. Surgical stress seems to increase significantly the release of steroids into the ovarian vein. After the luteinizing hormone injection, progestin but not estrogen was consistently released into the ovarian vein.
Parasexual Approaches to the Study of Human Genetic Diseasea (1986)

We have used two different strategies to construct hybrid cells in which specific, individual human chromosomes or fragments thereof are maintained by direct selective pressure. Our first approach was to introduce a drug-resistance gene into human chromosomes using a retroviral vector, and to transfer the marked chromosomes via microcells into mouse cells. The second method was to fuse gamma-irradiated human cells with rodent cells to produce hybrids containing fragments of the human X chromosome. Such hybrid cell lines should greatly facilitate both human gene mapping and the isolation of human genes by molecular cloning. The gene-transfer technologies described here can also be used to construct cell lines in which the expression of genes involved in human diseases can be studied in vitro.
Optical specification of time-to-passage: Observers' sensitivity to global tau. (1993)

Despite its general mathematical formulation, most empirical work on the visual perception of tau (defined as a quantity divided by its temporal derivative) has focused on the case of direct approach, with tau defined as image angle/rate of expansion. Empirical investigators tend to generalize image size analyses to off-axis approaches. However, this generalization is inappropriate for all but a few classes of objects. After mathematically reestablishing the appropriate optical cues specifying time to passage for noncollision cases, we report a series of studies in which we examined observers' sensitivities to this information in both relative- and absolute-judgment paradigms. In general, we found observers' judgments to be accurate and robust.
Situational Awareness and Decision-Making for Distressed Aircraft (2009)

Situational awareness and decision-making are necessary to identify and select the optimal set of mutually non-exclusive hypothesis in order to maximize mission success by adapting system behavior accordingly. This paper presents a hierarchical and decentralized approach for integrated damage assessment and trajectory re-planning in aircraft with uncertainties in navigational decision-making. Aircraft navigation can be safely accomplished by properly addressing the following: decision-making, obstacle perception, aircraft state estimation, and aircraft control. When in- flight failures or damage occur resulting in an emergency, rapid and precise decision-making under imprecise information is required in order to regain and maintain control of the aircraft. In order to fly the pre-planned aircraft trajectory and complete safe landing, the uncertainties in system dynamics of the damaged aircraft need to be estimated and incorporated at the level of motion re-planning. The damaged aircraft is simulated via a simplified kinematic model. The different sources and perspectives of uncertainties in the damage assessment process and post-failure trajectory re-planning are presented. The decision-making process is developed via the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The objective of the trajectory re-planning is to arrive at a target position while maximizing the safety of the aircraft given uncertain conditions. Simulations are presented for an emergency motion planning and landing that takes into account aircraft dynamics, path complexity, distance to landing site, runway characteristics, and subjective human decision
Can Bias Evaluation Provide Protection Against False‐Negative Results in QT Studies Without a Positive Control Using Exposure‐Response Analysis? (2016)

The revised ICH E14 document allows the use of exposure-response analysis to exclude a small QT effect of a drug. If plasma concentrations exceeding clinically relevant levels is achieved, a positive control is not required. In cases when this cannot be achieved, there may be a need for metrics to protect against false-negative results. The objectives of this study were to create bias in electrocardiogram laboratory QT-interval measurements and define a metric that can be used to detect bias severe enough to cause false-negative results using exposure-response analysis. Data from the IQ-CSRC study, which evaluated the QT effect of 5 QT-prolonging drugs, were used. Negative bias using 3 deterministic and 2 random methods was introduced into the reported QTc values and compared with fully automated data from the underlying electrocardiogram algorithm (COMPAS). The slope estimate of the Bland-Altman plot was used as a bias metric. With the deterministic bias methods, negative bias, measured between electrocardiogram laboratory values and COMPAS, had to be larger than approximately -20 milliseconds over a QTcF range of 100 milliseconds to cause failures to predict the QT effect of ondansetron, quinine, dolasetron, moxifloxacin, and dofetilide. With the random methods, the rate of false-negatives was ≤5% with bias severity < -10 milliseconds for all 5 drugs when plasma levels exceeded those of interest. Severe and therefore detectable bias has to be introduced into reported QTc values to cause false-negative predictions with exposure-response analysis.
Etude macroscopique du champ linguistique en France dans laprès-guerre (2008)

Létude de lhistoire et de lévolution des idées en linguistique sest considérablement développée ces dernières années. La recherche porte le plus souvent sur des périodes précises du passé sur lesquelles on a un certain recul, afin den faire ressortir les orientations et les lignes de force. Il est beaucoup plus risqué danalyser la période contemporaine. Pourtant, on ne peut quêtre frappé par les hauts et les bas dun domaine, la linguistique, quelque peu délaissée après la guerre, si forte dans les années 1960, et à nouveau en plein questionnement aujourdhui, pour autant que lon puisse en juger. Ce sont ces mouvements de flux et de reflux que larticle essaie de cerner, à un niveau macroscopique. Notre point de départ sera létude de Jean-Claude Chevalier et Pierre Encrevé, Combats pour la linguistique (2006). Dans ce livre, les auteurs décrivent lévolution de la linguistique en France après la guerre (et plus particulièrement la création des revues de linguistique entre 1958 et 1968). Les auteurs, pour mener à bien leur enquête fondée sur des interviews des principaux acteurs du domaine, étendent leur champ dinvestigation jusquau début du 20e siècle. Létude de Chevalier et Encrevé se situe clairement dans une perspective sociologique, « à la Bourdieu ». Il sagit, à travers les interviews, détudier le « champ » linguistique, les positions de « pouvoir » et de luttes entre individus et entre théories. Cette dimension est évidemment présente, et le livre des deux auteurs laissent bien apparaître ces oppositions entre classiques et modernes, anciennes théories et nouveauté des années 1960, etc. Mais, au-delà de cette vision du champ linguistique, il ne semble pas inutile de revenir sur ces prémisses, y compris pour en examiner les conséquences sur une période plus récente. Quelles sont les oppositions à luvre ? Y a-t-il réellement une opposition fondamentale entre philologie et linguistique ? Y a-t-il une spécificité française dans le renouveau linguistique de laprès-guerre ? Quel est le poids des études classiques et des études portant sur des langues modernes ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler de « structuralisme à la française » ? Quelle a été la portée (scientifique, épistémologique, voire philosophique, à lintérieur et à lextérieur des frontières) de ce structuralisme dans laprès-guerre ? Ce sont quelques unes des questions auxquelles ce bref article essaie de répondre.
Multiplex infectious disease microarrays: STAT serology on a drop of blood (2009)

New and resurgent viral and antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases are being encountered worldwide. The US CDC now ranks hospital acquired infections among the top 10 leading causes of death in the US, costing $20 billion annually. Such nosocomial infections presently affect 5% - 10% of hospitalized patients leading to 2 million cases and 99,000 deaths annually. Until now, assays available to mount comprehensive surveillance of infectious disease exposure by biosecurity agencies and hospital infection control units have been too slow and too costly. In earlier clinical studies we have reported proteomic microarrays combining 13 autoimmune and 26 viral and bacterial pathogens that revealed correlations between autoimmune diseases and antecedent infections. In this work we have expanded the array to 40 viruses and bacteria and investigated a suspected role of human endogenous retroviruses in autoimmune neuropathies. Using scanning laser imaging, and fluorescence color multiplexing, serum IgG and IgM responses are measured concurrently on the same array, for 14 arrays (patient samples) per microscope slide in 15 minutes. Other advantages include internal calibration, 10 &mu;L sample size, increased laboratory efficiency, and potential factor of 100 cost reduction.
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: a treatment for ischaemic stroke? (1989)

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) augments cardiac output (CO) and pulse pressure (PP) allowing patients with low output heart failure to be supported for a period of time. Augmentation of CO and PP may also be beneficial to the patient with acute cerebral ischaemia. In this paper we investigated the possibility of using IABC to increase local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ischaemic brain. In 12 anaesthetized mongrel dogs, a canine stroke model was produced by occluding the left internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries with aneurysm clips. Six dogs were then treated with IABC for 2 h, and 6 other dogs acted as controls (no IABC). Haemodynamic data were measured continuously and CBF (microsphere technique) and CO measurements were performed pre- and post-occlusion, and then twice during the treatment period. In the IABC-treated animals, PP increased from 32 +/- 5.9 to 39 +/- 7.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01) but CO and local CBF in the ischaemic brain did not change significantly during IABC. However, in 4 dogs with significant increases in CO due to IABC [1.7 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.7 l/min (p less than 0.05)], local CBF in ischaemic brain also increased significantly from 22 +/- 12 to 26 +/- 11 cc/100 g/min (p less than 0.05). In the control animals, CO and local CBF did not change significantly during the observation period. These data suggest that augmentation of CO and PP by IABC results in an increase in local CBF in ischaemic brain. IABC may be an effective treatment for ischaemic stroke in those patients with compromised cardiac performance whose cardiac output and pulse pressure can be augmented by IABC.
Predicting Completeness in Knowledge Bases (2017)

Knowledge bases such as Wikidata, DBpedia, or YAGO contain millions of entities and facts. In some knowledge bases, the correctness of these facts has been evaluated. However, much less is known about their completeness, i.e., the proportion of real facts that the knowledge bases cover. In this work, we investigate different signals to identify the areas where a knowledge base is complete. We show that we can combine these signals in a rule mining approach, which allows us to predict where facts may be missing. We also show that completeness predictions can help other applications such as fact prediction.
Abstract P126: Sex Interacts With Chromosome 6p24 on Coronary Artery Calcium but Not Chromosome 9p21 (2018)

Introduction: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. CAC has been shown to strongly correlate with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque and predicts future coronary disease events and mortality. CAC is a complex heritable trait and levels differ by sex. We investigated the interaction between sex and genome wide association study (GWAS) signals on chromosome 6p24 and 9p21 on Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) in the COPDGene study. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that sex would interact with the GWAS signals on CAC. Methods: The COPDGene is a study of 10,192 current and former smokers with at least 10 pack-years of smoking history. CAC was measured using high dose, inspiration chest CT scans, following an established protocol in 8,739 individuals (6,150 non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and 2,589 African Americans (AA)). We considered sex by SNP interactions on CAC for our previously identified GWAS signals on chromosome 6p24 and chromosome 9p21 using R software adjusting for genetic ancestry using principal components as well as recognized risk factors (age, pack-years of smoking history, BMI, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and steroid use). We used the log transformation of CAC plus 1 as the quantitative phenotype. Results: There was a significant interaction between sex and chromosome 6p24 PHACTR1 [rs9349379] (p=0.023) on CAC among NHW subjects in the COPDGene study. There was a genome-wide significant association for rs9349379 with CAC among male NHW subjects [p-value= 1.21E-8] but not among female NHW subjects [p-value= 0.02]. Overall there was no genome-wide significant association for rs9349379 with CAC among all NHW subjects [p-value= 6.39E-7]. There was no significant interaction between sex and chromosome 9p21 CDKN2B-AS1 [rs10757272] (p-value=0.25) on CAC among NHW COPDGene subjects. Among AA subjects in the COPDGene study, there was not a significant interaction between sex and rs9349379 [ PHACTR1 ] (p-value=0.48) or sex and rs10757272 [ CDKN2B-AS1 ] (p-value=0.21) on CAC. Conclusions: There was a SNP by sex interaction on CAC for chromosome 6p24 with a genome wide significant signal for NHW men but not for NHW women. The chromosome 9p21 signal for CAC did not significantly differ by sex. This study demonstrates the importance of considering gene by sex interactions in genome wide association studies of cardiovascular disease risk.
Effect of C/N Ratio and Media Optimization through Response Surface Methodology on Simultaneous Productions of Intra- and Extracellular Inulinase and Invertase fromAspergillus nigerATCC 20611 (2013)

The study is to identify the extraction of intracellular inulinase (exo- and endoinulinase) and invertase as well as optimization medium composition for maximum productions of intra- and extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. From two different methods for extraction of intracellular enzymes, ultrasonic method was found more effective. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a five-variable and three-level central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the medium composition. The effect of five main reaction parameters including sucrose, yeast extract, NaNO₃, Zn⁺², and Triton X-100 on the production of enzymes was analyzed. A modified quadratic model was fitted to the data with a coefficient of determination (R²) more than 0.90 for all responses. The intra-extracellular inulinase and invertase productions increased in the range from 16 to 8.4 times in the optimized medium (10% (w/v) sucrose, 2.5% (w/v) yeast extract, 2% (w/v) NaNO₃, 1.5 mM (v/v) Zn⁺², and 1% (v/v) Triton X-100) by RSM and from around 1.2 to 1.3 times greater than in the medium optimized by one-factor-at-a-time, respectively. The results of bioprocesses optimization can be useful in the scale-up fermentation and food industry.
In BALB/c Mice, IL-4 Production During the Initial Phase of Infection with Leishmania major Is Necessary and Sufficient to Instruct Th2 Cell Development Resulting in Progressive Disease (2000)

In contrast to intact BALB/c mice, BALB/c mice rendered deficient in Vbeta4+ CD4+ T cells develop a Th1 response to infection with Leishmania major and are resistant. Vbeta4-deficient BALB/c mice are unable to generate the early IL-4 transcription occurring in Vbeta4 Valpha8 CD4+ T cells of BALB/c mice within 1 day of infection. Here we demonstrate that treatment of Vbeta4-deficient BALB/c mice with IL-4 during the first 64 h after infection instructs Th2 cell development and susceptibility to infection. The demonstrated inability of IL-4 to reverse the resistant phenotype of BALB/c mice treated with anti-CD4 mAb the day before infection suggest that these effects of IL-4 require its interaction with CD4+ T cells. In contrast to draining lymph node cells from BALB/c mice, cells from Vbeta4-deficient BALB/c mice remain responsive to IL-12 following infection. Strikingly, administration of IL-4 to Vbeta4-deficient BALB/c mice renders their lymph node cells unresponsive to IL-12 by down-regulating IL-12R beta2-chain expression. This study directly demonstrates that in BALB/c mice IL-4 is necessary and sufficient to initiate the molecular events steering Th2 cell maturation and susceptibility to L. major.
Role of Wall Teichoic Acids inStaphylococcus aureusEndophthalmitis (2011)

WTAs are essential cellular constituents for the manifestation of virulence by S. aureus in endophthalmitis, and appears to be a viable target for treating the endophthalmitis caused by S. aureus strains.
Hydrogenation effects in sputtered polycrystalline cadmium telluride (1984)

The hydrogenation of rf sputtered thin film polycrystalline CdTe is reported. Hydrogenation is achieved by reactive sputtering in an argon and hydrogen mixture. Results include an order of magnitude decrease in conductivity, an increase and sign change in band bending for Au-CdTe junctions, and a significant increase in the anomalous photovoltaic effect (APE). APE coplanar voltages increase from approximately 10 V/cm without hydrogen to a maximum of 350 V/cm with hydrogenation. The results are interpreted in terms of increased band bending at crystallite surfaces and interfaces due to hydrogenation. These results support a previously proposed mechanism for the APE due to surface photovoltages in inclined crystallites.
Optimizing Variational Quantum Algorithms using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (2016)

We use Pontryagin's minimum principle to optimize variational quantum algorithms. We show that for a fixed computation time, the optimal evolution has a bang-bang (square pulse) form, both for closed and open quantum systems with Markovian decoherence. Our findings support the choice of evolution ansatz in the recently proposed Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. Focusing on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin-glass as an example, we find a system-size independent distribution of the duration of pulses, with characteristic time scale set by the inverse of the coupling constants in the Hamiltonian. The optimality of the bang-bang protocols and the characteristic time scale of the pulses provide an efficient parameterization of the protocol and inform the search for effective hybrid (classical and quantum) schemes for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. For the particular systems we study, we find numerically that the optimal nonadiabatic bang-bang protocols outperform conventional quantum annealing in the presence of weak white additive external noise and weak coupling to a thermal bath modeled with the Redfield master equation.
Coupled Atomization and Spray Modelling in the Spray Forming Process using OpenFoam (2009)

The paper presents a numerical model capable of simulating the atomization, break-up and in-flight spray phenomena in the spray forming process. The model is developed and implemented in the freeware code openFOAM. The focus is on studying the coupling effect of the melt break-up phenomena with the local gas and droplets flow fields. The work is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian description, which is implemented in a full 3D representation. The gas is described by the incompressible RANS equations, whereas the movement of the droplets is modeled by a tracking approach, together with a full thermal model for droplet cooling and solidification. The model is tested and validated against results from literature and experiments. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate the complex flow fields in the spray forming process and the results are discussed. The presented model of the spray forming process is able to predict the droplet size distribution of the spray from the process conditions, by introducing submodels for the melt fragmentation and successive secondary break-up processes as part of the spray model. Furthermore, the competition of drop break-up and solidification is derived by describing the thermal state of the particles in the spray. Therefore, the model includes a full thermal solver for the droplets, which also takes the rapid solidification of different drop sizes into account.
A Cascade Multilevel Inverter Using a Single DC Power Source (2006)

A method is presented showing that a cascade multilevel inverter can be implemented using only a single DC power source and capacitors. A standard cascade multilevel inverter requires n DC sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single DC power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining n-1 DC sources being capacitors. It is shown that one can simultaneously maintain the DC voltage level of the capacitors and choose a fundamental frequency switching pattern to produce a nearly sinusoidal output.