gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixing Simulated and Actual Hardware Devices to Validate Device Drivers in a Complex Embedded Platform (2009)

The structure and the functionalities of a device driver are strongly influenced by the target platform architecture, as well as by the device communication protocol. This makes the generation of device drivers designed for complex embedded platforms a very time consuming and error prone activity. Validation becomes then a nodal point in the design flow. The aim of this paper is to present a co-simulation framework that allows validation of device drivers. The proposed framework supports all mechanisms used by device drivers to communicate with HW devices so that both modeled and actual components can be included in the simulated embedded platform. In this way, the generated code can be tested and validated even if the final platform is not ready yet. The framework has been applied to some examples to highlight the performance and effectiveness of this approach.
Diels–Alder Reactions of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienones in Nanochannels: Fabrication of Nanotubes from Hyperbranched Polyphenylenes (2005)

Hyperbranched polyphenylene nanotubes are fabricated by Diels– Alder reactions of tetraphenylcyclopentadienones in the nanochannels of porous alumina membranes. Nanotubes with different structures and morphologies, and even highly porous carbon nanotubes (see Figure), can be obtained by adjusting the starting materials and the conditions of in-situ polymerization. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c0290_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimization of K‐edge imaging with spectral CT (2012)

This proposed approach can be readily generalized to deal with more general settings and determine the best energy bins for K-edge imaging.
Quinolone Antibiotic Photodynamic Production of 8‐Oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2‘‐deoxyguanosine in Cultured Liver Epithelial Cells (1997)

To study the basis for the phototoxicity of quinolones, a class of synthetic antibacterials, the photodynamic ability to mediate 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) formation in cultured cells was measured for lomefloxacin (LMX), which is strongly associated with clinical phototoxicity in humans, and ciprofloxacin (CFX), which has few reports of phototoxicity. Adult rat liver (ARL-18) cells were exposed to the quinolones in the presence of UVA and DNA was extracted and analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Low levels of 8-oxo-dG were found in the DNA of nonirradiated ARL-18 cells and this was increased up to 6-fold in the presence of either LMX (50-400 microM) or up to 3.6-fold in the presence of CFX (50-400 microM) and UVA (20 J/cm2) when compared to the UVA control. Comparing separate experiments with LMX and CFX, LMX produced greater levels of 8-oxo-dG either after dark exposure or after UVA exposure at 20 J/cm2. Also, LMX and CFX were both shown to photodegrade in the presence of UVA, and it was determined that UVA photoinstability alone does not reflect phototoxic potential. These data suggest that the photodynamic potential of LMX and CFX to produce 8-oxo-dG may relate to their human clinical phototoxicity profile. We suggest that the observed clinical phototoxicity is mediated through a UVA photodynamic effect on the quinolone to form reactive oxygen species in the presence of molecular oxygen. The findings indicate that 8-oxo-dG formation can serve as a marker for the potential phototoxicity of new quinolones.
Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones on the cognitive functions of humans (2005)

The present study examined the effects of exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation emitted by a standard GSM phone at 890 MHz on human cognitive functions. This study attempted to establish a connection between the exposure of a specific area of the brain and the cognitive functions associated with that area. A total of 36 healthy right-handed male subjects performed four distinct cognitive tasks: spatial item recognition, verbal item recognition, and two spatial compatibility tasks. Tasks were chosen according to the brain side they are assumed to activate. All subjects performed the tasks under three exposure conditions: right side, left side, and sham exposure. The phones were controlled by a base station simulator and operated at their full power. We have recorded the reaction times (RTs) and accuracy of the responses. The experiments consisted of two sections, of 1 h each, with a 5 min break in between. The tasks and the exposure regimes were counterbalanced. The results indicated that the exposure of the left side of the brain slows down the left-hand response time, in the second-later-part of the experiment. This effect was apparent in three of the four tasks, and was highly significant in only one of the tests. The exposure intensity and its duration exceeded the common exposure of cellular phone users.
Mechanisms of Self-Diffusion of Linear Associative Polymers Studied by Brownian Dynamics Simulation (2021)

Anomalous self-diffusive behavior in associative polymer gels has been attributed to the presence of multiple diffusive mechanisms on different length scales; however, the role of these dynamic modes in networks of linear polymers with pendant stickers remains unknown, particularly at sticker densities below the mean-field limit. Here, a generalized Brownian dynamics model is developed to study the effect of transient binding on self-diffusion of unentangled linear polymers with regularly spaced stickers, selected as a prototypical associative network model with wide experimental relevance. The simulations reveal an interplay between several diffusive mechanisms, including segmental fluctuations, “walking” diffusion, and “hopping” diffusion, each governed by a molecule’s connectivity to the network. These dynamic modes combine to result in multiple self-diffusive regimes on different length scales, including two distinct regimes of apparent superdiffusion before terminal Fickian diffusion, consistent with experiments. The two superdiffusive regimes have different physical origins: while one occurs due to a transition from walking to hopping, the second occurs from walking alone on smaller length scales, even in the absence of hopping. This second superdiffusive regime is proposed to arise from an increase in the chain pervaded volume upon sticker detachment, which increases the walking step size compared to the “cage” formed by binding. Each self-diffusive regime is highly sensitive to the sticker concentration, equilibrium constant, and association/dissociation kinetics due to their effects on the walking and hopping modes. Notably, increasing a chain’s sticker density promotes intramolecular loops and enables superdiffusive scaling through hopping; in contrast, increasing the chain concentration promotes intermolecular binding and suppresses hopping, resulting in dynamics approaching the mean-field limit of Fickian center-of-mass diffusion on all length scales. Analytical predictions for the hopping and walking diffusivities demonstrate a link between the static network structure, bond lifetime, and the contribution of each dynamic mode, with qualitative agreement with simulation.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Inhibition of Heparanase in Pediatric Brain Tumor Cells Attenuates their Proliferation, Invasive Capacity, and <i>In Vivo</i> Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Combinatorial effect of PG545 and conditioned medium (CM) on cell viability, and examination of apoptosis after downregulation of HPSE&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Route to (.+‐.)‐Clavizepine Through a Dibenzoxepine Intermediate. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glutathione Transferase and Cytochrome P450 (General Oxidase) Activity Levels in Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus-Infected and Uninfected Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2011)

Abstract Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) has been reported to increase the susceptibility of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), to selected insecticides. Reduced general esterase activity in Las-infected, compared with uninfected, D. citri has been proposed as a possible explanation for this difference in insecticide susceptibility. The current study was conducted to quantify glutathione transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (general oxidase) activities in Las-infected D. citri to further explain the possible mechanisms for altered susceptibility to insecticides due to Las infection. GST and cytochrome P450 activities (indirectly through general oxidase levels) were quantified in Las-infected and uninfected D. citri nymphs and adults. Mean (±SEM) GST activity was significantly lower in Las-infected (468.23 ± 26.87 /µmol/min/mg protein) than uninfected (757.63 ± 59.46 µmol/min/mg protein) D. citri adults. Likewise, mean cytochrome P450 activity was significantly lower in Las-infected (0.23 ± 0.02 equivalent units [EU] cytochrome P450/mg protein) than uninfected (0.49 ± 0.05 EU cytochrome P450/mg protein) D. citri adults. Immature stages (second and fifth instars) were characterized by significantly lower GST activity than adults for uninfected D. citri. However, cytochrome P450 activity was significantly higher in second instar nymphs than adults and fifth-instar nymphs for uninfected D. citri. Lower activities of GST and general oxidase in Las-infected D. citri indicate that infection with Las alters D. citri physiology in a manner that could increase insecticide susceptibility. The reduced activities of these detoxifying enzymes due to Las infection may be explained by examining expression levels of associated genes in Las-infected and uninfected D. citri.
Pathophysiology and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease (2016)

Pulmonary hypertension affects ∼10% of adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), particularly those with the homozygous genotype. An increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure, estimated noninvasively by echocardiography, helps identify SCD patients at risk for pulmonary hypertension, but definitive diagnosis requires right-heart catheterization. About half of SCD-related pulmonary hypertension patients have precapillary pulmonary hypertension with potential etiologies of (1) a nitric oxide deficiency state and vasculopathy consequent to intravascular hemolysis, (2) chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, or (3) upregulated hypoxic responses secondary to anemia, low O2 saturation, and microvascular obstruction. The remainder have postcapillary pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. Although the pulmonary artery pressure in SCD patients with pulmonary hypertension is only moderately elevated, they have a markedly higher risk of death than patients without pulmonary hypertension. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of SCD-related pulmonary hypertension were published recently by the American Thoracic Society. Management of adults with sickle-related pulmonary hypertension is based on anticoagulation for those with thromboembolism; oxygen therapy for those with low oxygen saturation; treatment of left ventricular failure in those with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension; and hydroxyurea or transfusions to raise the hemoglobin concentration, reduce hemolysis, and prevent vaso-occlusive events that cause additional increases in pulmonary pressure. Randomized trials have not identified drugs to lower pulmonary pressure in SCD patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Patients with hemodynamics of pulmonary arterial hypertension should be referred to specialized centers and considered for treatments known to be effective in other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension. There have been reports that some of these treatments improve SCD-related pulmonary hypertension.
"Break-away" friction for PTFE-based composites (2008)

The use of polymer composites as facing materials in hydrodynamic thrust bearings gives performance benefits in terms of temperature distribution and friction losses. A study was carried out to inv ...
MPC-Based Hierarchical Control of a Multi-Zone Commercial HVAC System (2021)

This paper presents a novel architecture for model predictive control (MPC) based indoor climate control of multi-zone buildings to provide energy efficiency. Unlike prior works we do not assume the availability of a high-resolution multi-zone building model, which is challenging to obtain. Instead, the architecture uses a low-resolution model of the building which is divided into a small number of "meta-zones" that can be easily identified using existing data-driven modeling techniques. The proposed architecture is hierarchical. At the higher level, an MPC controller uses the low-resolution model to make decisions for the air handling unit (AHU) and the meta-zones. Since the meta-zones are fictitious, a lower level controller converts the high-level MPC decisions into commands for the individual zones by solving a projection problem that strikes a trade-off between two potentially conflicting goals: the AHU-level decisions made by the MPC are respected while the climate of the individual zones is maintained within the comfort bounds. The performance of the proposed controller is assessed via simulations in a high-fidelity simulation testbed and compared to that of a rule-based controller that is used in practice. Simulations in multiple weather conditions show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of energy savings, climate control, and computational tractability.
Isotopic (δ15N and δ13C) evidence for intersexual foraging differences and temporal variation in habitat use in waved albatrosses (2007)

Waved albatrosses ( Phoebastria irrorata Salvin, 1883) forage close to their breeding grounds on Isla Española, Galápagos, during the short chick-brooding stage and make long trips to the Peruvian upwelling during incubation and chick rearing. Previous studies have suggested foraging segregation by sex: females spend more time searching than males do while foraging in the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR), and band recoveries suggest higher bycatch vulnerability of males in the Peruvian upwelling. We used stable isotope analysis (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) of whole blood of adult male and female albatrosses to test for intraspecific foraging segregation in this sexually dimorphic species. Analysis of serial blood samples revealed higher δ 15 N values in males, suggesting consumption of prey items of higher trophic level. We also detected seasonal variation in foraging ecology, with higher δ 15 N values at the beginning of the breeding season. Sex and regional differences in δ 13 C values were not significant, reflecting primarily pelagic foraging sites of both sexes, both in the GMR and the Peruvian upwelling. Our results provide evidence of trophic segregation, suggestive of competitive exclusion, and novel information on marine isoscape values in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.
Cell cycle regulation and hepatocarcinogenesis (2004)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops on a background of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. The slow progression of this disease has facilitated the identification of discrete pathologic stages. Increased rates of hepatocyte proliferation in preneoplastic nodules is an early event in the progression of HCC. Increased cell turnover results in the selection of monoclonal hepatocyte populations that subsequently undergo genomic alterations that lead to the development of HCC. The heterogeneous nature of genomic alterations identified in tumors from patients with HCC has impeded the identification of regulatory pathways whose disruption are critical for tumor initiation. However, several regulatory networks important for liver cell proliferation have been characterized using the partial hepatectomy model, an in vivo model of liver cell cycle progression, and are likely relevant to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Integrated Intelligence: Robot Instruction via Interactive Grounded Learning (2016)

People communicate using a variety of modalities, including speech, gestures, gaze, and whole body motion. To be effective, robots must beable to interpret the rich information contained in human communication. The goal of this project is to allow people to instruct robots and toteach them about objects and attributes using a combination of modalities. To achieve this goal, we are developing an interactive groundedlearning system that can interpret rich human input such as speech, gesture, body motion, and gaze and learn to identify objects based on thenames and attributes people use to refer to them. This progress report summarizes the final findings and describes completed work towards afull, interactive grounded learning system.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in Greenland. (1987)

Chlamydial infections and human papillomavirus lesions in
2A2-O04 High-Speed and High-Sensitiveity Sensor for Slip Detection : Examination of Slip Detection Mechanism(Tactile and Force Sensing (1)) (2011)

Slip detecting tactile sensors are essential to achieving a human-like gripping motion with a robot hand. Up until now, we have proposed flexible, thin and lightweight slip sensor utilizing characteristics of pressure conductive rubber. When an object slides on the surface of our slip sensor, the complex output change occurs. By using this output change, this sensor can distinguish between the object slip and the normal force change. But, the mechanism of the complex voltage change is unclear. So, in this paper, we will observe the slip surface of an acrylic plate and the rubber with a high-speed camera. And, we report on the sensor output and the relation to the sensor output and the state of rubber.
Crustal Structure Along the Ramapo Fault Zone, New York State (1985)

One- and three-dimensional models of crustal structure in the vicinity of the Ramapo fault zone are derived from P-wave arrival time data. We supplement earthquake and quarry blast arrivals recorded by regional network stations with data recorded by portable seismic instruments at former network sites. The portable array data provide a critical link between data recorded on the current and former network alignments. Station corrections derived along with the one-dimensional crustal model and the three-dimensional model both indicate significant lateral velocity variations, in the range of 10 to 15 per cent, across the Ramapo fault in southeastern New York.
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (1993)

Sapega, A. A., D. P. Sokolow, T. J. Graham, and B. Chance. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance: a non-invasive technique for the study of muscle bioenergetics during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 410–420, 1987. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical laboratory technique that, due to recent technical advances, has become applicable to the study of high-energy phosphate metabolism in both animal and human extremity muscles (in vivo). 31P NMR can assay cellular phosphocreatine, ATP, inorganic phosphate, the phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates, and intra-cellular pH in either resting or exercising muscle, in a non-invasive manner. NMR uses non-perturbing levels of radio-frequency energy as its biophysical probe and can therefore safely study intact muscle in a repeated fashion while exerti no artifactual influence on ongoing metabolic processes. Compare with standard tissue biopsy and biochemical assay techniques, NMR possesses the advantages of being non-invasive, allowing serial in situ studies of the same tissue sample, and providing measurements of only active (unbound) metabolites. NMR studies of exercising muscle have yielded information regarding fatigue mechanisms at the cellular level and are helping resolve longstanding questions regarding the metabolic control of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and post-exercise phosphocreatine re-synthesis. NMR is also being utilized to measure enzymatic reaction rates in vivo. In the near future, other forms of NMR spectroscopy may also permit the non-invasive measurement of tissue glycogen and lactate content.
Dihematoporphyrin Ether‐Induced photosensitivity in laryngeal papilloma patients (1990)

Twenty-six patients with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis received 2.5 mg/kg of Dihematoporphyrin Ether (DHE) intravenously prior to photodynamic therapy. All patients experienced some degree of photosensitivity, the only known side effect of DHE. Reported reactions included mild erythema and inflammation (88%), swelling (58%), blistering (23%), ocular discomfort (61.5%), pruritus (38%), and skin hyperpigmentation (46%). Length of sensitivity ranged from 4-17 weeks, with an average duration of 9 weeks. No long-term debilitating sequelae were noted. Degree of skin reaction mainly depended on how compliant the patient was in following precaution instructions. Although restrictive precautions were often difficult to strictly adhere to, most patients felt the potential benefits of the therapy far outweighed any inconvenience.
ProofWriter: Generating Implications, Proofs, and Abductive Statements\n over Natural Language (2020)

Transformers have been shown to emulate logical deduction over natural\nlanguage theories (logical rules expressed in natural language), reliably\nassigning true/false labels to candidate implications. However, their ability\nto generate implications of a theory has not yet been demonstrated, and methods\nfor reconstructing proofs of answers are imperfect. In this work we show that a\ngenerative model, called ProofWriter, can reliably generate both implications\nof a theory and the natural language proof(s) that support them. In particular,\niterating a 1-step implication generator results in proofs that are highly\nreliable, and represent actual model decisions (rather than post-hoc\nrationalizations). On the RuleTaker dataset, the accuracy of ProofWriter's\nproofs exceed previous methods by +9% absolute, and in a way that generalizes\nto proof depths unseen in training and on out-of-domain problems. We also show\nthat generative techniques can perform a type of abduction with high precision:\nGiven a theory and an unprovable conclusion, identify a missing fact that\nallows the conclusion to be proved, along with a proof. These results\nsignificantly improve the viability of neural methods for systematically\nreasoning over natural language.\n