gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential organ failure assessment and modified early warning score system versus quick SOFA score to predict the length of hospital stay in sepsis patients – accuracy scoring study. (2021)

INTRODUCTION: : Sepsis is a global healthcare challenge, and accurate scores are required to identify and stratify patients' risk. The current study aimed to compare the prognostic accuracy of quick SOFA (qSOFA) with comparison to SOFA and MEWS scores in order to identify the length of hospital stay and outcomes among patients with sepsis who presented to emergency department (EMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July and November 2018, 77 adult patients with sepsis were treated at EMD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of quick SOFA (qSOFA), SOFA, and MEWS scores was used to compare prognostic accuracy for the outcome of hospital mortality and length of stay. RESULTS: The majority of patients (68%) were over the age of 50. Systemic Hypertension is the most common comorbid condition, accounting for 38.9% (n=30). Pneumonia is the most common diagnosis in 27.3 percent of cases (n=21). Patients required vasoactive support in 45.5 percent (n=35) of cases, and ventilator support in 50.6 percent (n=39) of cases. Mortality was observed in 34.1 percent (n=27) of the cases. Patients on vasopressor and ventilator support have a higher mortality rate [8(19%) vs. 21(50%)]. The mortality rate in patients with a qSOFA score of 3 is 71.4 percent. Patients with a SOFA score of >15 had higher mortality rate. The mortality rate in patients with MEWS score > 5 is 48.9%. A qSOFA score of 3 is associated with an increased risk of death, and the majority died in less than three days. Because of increased mortality, most patients with a SOFA score of 7 have a length of stay of 3 days. Most patients with a Mews score of 5 or higher have a length of stay of 3 days due to mortality. The AUC value for qSOFA is 0.721, the AUC value for SOFA is 0.714, and the AUC value for MEWS is 0.693, indicating that qSOFA is more sensitive in predicting the outcome than SOFA and MEWS. CONCLUSIONS: In all prediction scores, qSOFA outperformed than SOFA and MEWS in terms of hospital mortality and length of hospital stay. qSOFA is a simple, rapid bedside tool that does not require laboratory parameters and can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis in the EMD.
A 0.13&#x00B5;m 64Mb multi-layered conductive metal-oxide memory (2010)

A 64Mb NAND-compatible non-volatile memory testchip based on a conductive metal-oxide technology is developed in 0.13μm technology. The memory cell, which does not require a selection device, occupies 0.17μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and is built at the intersection of two metal lines above the CMOS circuitry. The chip uses 4 layers of cross-point arrays. Decoding and sensing techniques are also described.
Individually Addressable, Submicrometer Band Electrode Arrays. 1. Fabrication from Multilayered Materials (1998)

Useful analytical application of submicrometer band electrodes depends strongly upon developing reproducible, convenient fabrication and characterization procedures. We report fabrication of arrays of individually addressable submicrometer band electrodes that are 2 mm long and functional down to 37.0 nm in width, using multilayered materials and conventional microfabrication techniques. Fabrication involves thermal vapor deposition of a chromium adhesion layer and a gold layer on glass, followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of a silicon nitride layer, photolithography, and reactive ion etching. The topography of each layer was studied using contact-mode atomic force microscopy. Surfaces show larger features as the thickness of gold increases. Silicon nitride topography shows a relatively smoother surface, indicating that it may serve as a planarizing layer for subsequent gold layers. Cyclic voltammetry at 0.10 V/s of individual band electrodes in a solution of Ru(NH3)63+ shows a typical sigmoidal response, as would be expected when the diffusion layer exceeds the smallest dimension of the electrodes. At faster scan rates, peak-shaped voltammograms are observed, as expected. Good reproducibility of electrochemical behavior was obtained for electrodes in the same array.
3-D Video Representation Using Depth Maps (2010)

Current 3-D video (3DV) technology is based on stereo systems. These systems use stereo video coding for pictures delivered by two input cameras. Typically, such stereo systems only reproduce these two camera views at the receiver and stereoscopic displays for multiple viewers require wearing special 3-D glasses. On the other hand, emerging autostereoscopic multiview displays emit a large numbers of views to enable 3-D viewing for multiple users without requiring 3-D glasses. For representing a large number of views, a multiview extension of stereo video coding is used, typically requiring a bit rate that is proportional to the number of views. However, since the quality improvement of multiview displays will be governed by an increase of emitted views, a format is needed that allows the generation of arbitrary numbers of views with the transmission bit rate being constant. Such a format is the combination of video signals and associated depth maps. The depth maps provide disparities associated with every sample of the video signal that can be used to render arbitrary numbers of additional views via view synthesis. This paper describes efficient coding methods for video and depth data. For the generation of views, synthesis methods are presented, which mitigate errors from depth estimation and coding.
Cooling of bulk material by electron-tunneling refrigerators (2005)

Improved refrigeration techniques have lead to scientific discoveries such as superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensation. Improved refrigeration techniques also enhance our quality of life. Semiconductor processing equipment and magnetic-resonance imaging machines incorporate mechanical coolers operating below 10 K. There is a pressing need for refrigeration techniques to reach even lower temperatures because many next-generation analytical and astronomical instruments will rely on sensors cooled to temperatures near 100 mK. Here we demonstrate a solid-state, on-chip refrigerator capable of reaching 100 mK based on the quantum-mechanical tunneling of electrons through normal metal-insulator-superconductor junctions. The cooling power and temperature reduction of our refrigerator are sufficient for practical applications and we have used it to cool bulk material that has no electrical connection to the refrigerating elements.
Bioethics of Diabetes Mellitus as a Global Problem of the Modern World (2022)

Objective of the Review: coverage of social and ethical problems of diabetes mellitus. Key points. Discussion of the bioethics of diabetes mellitus is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine in connection with the progressive increase in the prevalence of the disease and mortality from causes associated with diabetes. Bioethics includes the widest range of socio-economic, moral, ethical and legal problems of modern medicine. The article discusses various aspects that lead to the development of diabetes and have become widespread in the course of civilizational development. Psychological disorders of a diabetic patient and the role of self-stigmatization are discussed. The materials of the global "Agenda for the period up to 2030" developed by the UN General Assembly and the UNESCO program on bioethics, ethics of science and artificial intelligence are presented. Conclusion. Further study of the actual problem of the bioethics of diabetes mellitus requires joint efforts of the world scientific community. Keywords: bioethics, diabetes mellitus, UNESCO.
Fiber Orientation Control by Stretching in Cellulose Nanofiber Green Composites (2017)

The presence of nanoscale cellulosic fiber; namely cellulose nanofiber, increases year by year because the mechanical and physical properties are believed to be comparable to those of common glass fibers. On the other hand, most of the reported strength data for the cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polymeric composite materials was not as high as expected. In order to obtain high-strength cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polymer composites, we tried to optimize the fiber orientation of cellulose nanofibers in poly (vinyl alcohol)-based polymer matrix by using a repeated mechanical stretching treatment. The fiber orientation of cellulose nanofibers in the poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix can be modified by changing the total amount of stretching strain applied during the multiple stretching treatments. The degree of fiber alignment was directly evaluated by observing the cellulose nanofibers on the sample surface with a digital microscope. The efficacy of proposed nanofiber alignment control has been explored experimentally and theoretically. The tensile strength and modulus of the cellulosic nanocomposites after applying the multiple stretching treatments increased by approximately 80% and 40% respectively, as compared with those of the untreated nanocomposites.
Ultra-dense WDM-PON delivering carrier-centralized Nyquist-WDM uplink with digital coherent detection (2011)

We introduce an "ultra-dense" concept into next-generation WDM-PON systems, which transmits a Nyquist-WDM uplink with centralized uplink optical carriers and digital coherent detection for the future access network requiring both high capacity and high spectral efficiency. 80-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission of Nyquist-WDM signal with 13 coherent 25-GHz spaced wavelength shaped optical carriers individually carrying 100-Gbit/s polarization-multiplexing quadrature phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK) upstream data has been experimentally demonstrated with negligible transmission penalty. The 13 frequency-locked wavelengths with a uniform optical power level of -10 dBm and OSNR of more than 50 dB are generated from a single lightwave via a multi-carrier generator consists of an optical phase modulator (PM), a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and a WSS. Following spacing the carriers at the baud rate, sub-carriers are individually spectral shaped to form Nyquist-WDM. The Nyquist-WDM channels have less than 1-dB crosstalk penalty of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) at 2 × 10(-3) bit-error rate (BER). Performance of a traditional coherent optical OFDM scheme and its restrictions on symbol synchronization and power difference are also experimentally compared and studied.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Metabolism and Polarization of Mammary Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Enhanced Activity and Selectivity of Carbon Nanofiber Supported Pd Catalysts for Nitrite Reduction (2012)

Pd-based catalyst treatment represents an emerging technology that shows promise to remove nitrate and nitrite from drinking water. In this work we use vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (CNF) supports in order to explore the effects of Pd nanoparticle size and interior versus exterior loading on nitrite reduction activity and selectivity (i.e., dinitrogen over ammonia production). Results show that nitrite reduction activity increases by 3.1-fold and selectivity decreases by 8.0-fold, with decreasing Pd nanoparticle size from 1.4 to 9.6 nm. Both activity and selectivity are not significantly influenced by Pd interior versus exterior CNF loading. Consequently, turnover frequencies (TOFs) among all CNF catalysts are similar, suggesting nitrite reduction is not sensitive to Pd location on CNFs nor Pd structure. CNF-based catalysts compare favorably to conventional Pd catalysts (i.e., Pd on activated carbon or alumina) with respect to nitrite reduction activity and selectivity, and they maintain activity over multiple reduction cycles. Hence, our results suggest new insights that an optimum Pd nanoparticle size on CNFs balances faster kinetics with lower ammonia production, that catalysts can be tailored at the nanoscale to improve catalytic performance for nitrite, and that CNFs hold promise as highly effective catalyst supports in drinking water treatment.
Virtual rear projection: improving the user experience with multiple redundant projectors (2007)

Front projection is an economical method to produce large displays. However, the twin problems of occlusions, which create shadows on the screen, and light projected onto users near the screen, potentially blinding them, makes front projection a poor fit for large upright interactive surfaces. Virtual Rear Projection (VRP) uses multiple redundant front projectors to provide the user experience of using a rear projected display. By using a projector-camera system to mitigate shadows and blinding light, a virtual rear projected display significantly improves upon the user experience of a traditional front projected display, allowing it to replace a rear projected display. In this thesis we characterize the problems caused by shadows and occlusions and develop projection technologies that mitigate shadows and blinding light. We also present a laboratory performance evaluation, and a user evaluation of the technology showing that VRP improves the user experience with respect to traditional front projection.
Development of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Film “Nisseki LC Film” for Viewing Angle Compensation of Various LCD Modes (2006)

To improve quality of images of LCDs such as their viewing angle performance and coloration, liquid crystalline retardation film technology has been developed by using rod-like liquid crystalline polymer. The resulting liquid crystalline retardation film has several advantages over conventional uni- or biaxial stretched retardation film. By using liquid crystalline polymer, the direction of the principal axis can be determined freely for roll-to-roll lamination. Optical well-controlled structures such as twisted nematic, hybrid nematic and homeotropic structures can be stabilized for ideal compensation of various LCD modes including STN, TN, ECB, VA and IPS LCDs.
Syntheses of Taiwaniaquinone F and Taiwaniaquinol A (2013)

Key words taiwaniaquinoids - Wolff rearrangement - quinone photolysis - remote C–H functionalization
Complementing genomics with proteomics: The membrane subproteome ofPseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (2000)

With the completion of many genome projects, a shift is now occurring from the acquisition of gene sequence to understanding the role and context of gene products within the genome. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one organism for which a genome sequence is now available, including the annotation of open reading frames (ORFs). However, approximately one third of the ORFs are as yet undefined in function. Proteomics can complement genomics, by characterising gene products and their response to a variety of biological and environmental influences. In this study we have established the first two-dimensional gel electrophoresis reference map of proteins from the membrane fraction of P. aeruginosa strain PA01. A total of 189 proteins have been identified and correlated with 104 genes from the P. aeruginosa genome. Annotated membrane proteins could be grouped into three distinct categories: (i) those with functions previously characterised in P. aeruginosa (38%); (ii) those with significant sequence similarity to proteins with assigned function or hypothetical proteins in other organisms (46%); and (iii) those with unknown function (16%). Transmembrane prediction algorithms showed that each identified protein sequence contained at least one membrane-spanning region. Furthermore, the current methodology used to isolate the membrane fraction was shown to be highly specific since no contaminating cytosolic proteins were characterised. Preliminary analysis showed that at least 15 gel spots may be glycosylated in vivo, including three proteins that have not previously been functionally characterised. The reference map of membrane proteins from this organism is now the basis for determining surface molecules associated with antibiotic resistance and efflux, cell-cell signalling and pathogen-host interactions in a variety of P. aeruginosa strains.
Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Carbonylative Coupling/Amination of Aryl Iodides with Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of β-Aminoketones (2019)

The carbonylative coupling of aryl halides with unactivated alkenes remains a challenge, because of the low reactivity of acyl-palladium intermediate to the olefins. In this paper, a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling/amination of aryl iodides with unactivated alkenes for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives has been developed. With the assistance of a directing group (8-aminoquinoline, AQ), the coordination of the olefin to acyl-palladium complex can be enhanced, thereby promoting the acylpalladation across the C═C double bonds. A broad range of β-aminoketone derivatives were prepared in moderate to excellent yields with complete regioselectivity by using 4-pentenoic and 2-vinylbenzoic amide derivatives as the starting materials. This methodology involves the formation of two C–C bonds as well as one C–N bond, and provided a method for the carbonylative difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Healthcare demand in response to rabies elimination campaigns in Latin America. (2020)

The World Health Organization, the World Organization for Animal Health, and the Food and Agriculture Organization have resolved to eliminate human rabies deaths due to dog bites by 2030, and the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) has added human rabies vaccines to their investments for 2021-2025. Implementing these goals cost-effectively and sustainably requires understanding the complex connections between dog rabies vaccination and human risk and response. The objective of this paper is to estimate how dog rabies vaccinations affect human rabies deaths, mediated through dog rabies cases, dog bite reporting, and post-exposure human rabies vaccination. To approach this objective, we apply multivariate regression analysis over five rabies-related outcomes: (a) dog vaccinations, (b) dog rabies cases, (c) reported human exposures, (d) human post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, and (e) human rabies cases. Analysis uses aggregate annual data over 1995-2005 for seven Latin American countries that experienced dramatic declines in canine and human rabies. Among other results, we estimate the following. (i) A 10% increase in dog vaccinations decreases dog rabies cases by 2.3%. (ii) Reported exposures decline as concurrent dog rabies cases decline, but these declines are more than offset by increases in reported exposures per dog rabies case, which may result from higher rabies awareness due to antirabies campaigns. (iii) A 10% increase in PEP use decreases human deaths by 7%, but a 10% increase in dog vaccination induces a 2.8% decrease in PEP use. The net effect is that a 10% increase in dog vaccination reduces human deaths by 12.4% overall, although marginal effectiveness declines as dog rabies incidence declines. (iv) Increases in income and public health expenditures increase PEP demand. The findings highlight the importance of mass dog vaccination, heightened awareness, treatment access, and clinical algorithms to reduce both false negatives leading to death and false positives leading to costly unnecessary PEP prescriptions.
Real-time vehicle tracking and classification (2002)

In this paper a feature and model based approach to real-time vehicle tracking and classification is described. We proceed in two steps: 1) we establish correspondence between model and image features by an optimization algorithm; and 2) based on this correspondence, a matching vector is derived and used as input to either a Bayes classifier, a neural net or a combination of both. The current implementation updates the model parameters (position and scale) at a rate of 8-12 frames per second.
Probabilistic demand forecasting at scale (2017)

We present a platform built on large-scale, data-centric machine learning (ML) approaches, whose particular focus is demand forecasting in retail. At its core, this platform enables the training and application of probabilistic demand forecasting models, and provides convenient abstractions and support functionality for forecasting problems. The platform comprises of a complex end-to-end machine learning system built on Apache Spark, which includes data preprocessing, feature engineering, distributed learning, as well as evaluation, experimentation and ensembling. Furthermore, it meets the demands of a production system and scales to large catalogues containing millions of items. We describe the challenges of building such a platform and discuss our design decisions. We detail aspects on several levels of the system, such as a set of general distributed learning schemes, our machinery for ensembling predictions, and a high-level dataflow abstraction for modeling complex ML pipelines. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of prior work on real-world demand forecasting systems which rivals our approach in terms of scalability.
Microemulsions: Breakthrough Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries (2022)

Aqueous and non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have limited energy and current densities, respectively, due to the nature of the electrolytes. New approaches to electrolyte design are needed to improve the performance of RFBs. In this work, we combined a highly conductive aqueous phase and an organic redox-active phase in a microemulsion to formulate a novel RFB electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate an RFB using this microemulsion electrolyte with maximum current density of 17.5 mA·cm −2 with a 0.19 M posolyte and 0.09 M negolyte at a flow rate of only ∼2.5 ml·min −1 , comparable to early vanadium electrolyte RFBs at similar flow rates on a per molar basis. The novel active negolyte component is an inexpensive oil-soluble vitamin (K 3 ). By combining aqueous and organic phases, the solvent potential window and energy density may be increased without sacrificing current density and new redox couples may be accessed. Microemulsion electrolytes show great promise for improved performance and increased energy densities in aqueous RFBs but the path forward is complex. We end with discussion of areas that need work to achieve the potential of these electrolytes.
Efficient Color Image Compression Using Demosaicing (2010)

In this work we introduce a new algorithm for color image compression based on inter-color correlations of the RGB (red, green and blue) primary colors of images and video. We employ the Bayer pattern, widely used in digital cameras and mobile phones, for its compression software. Our proposed method outperforms JPEG2000 for all the images tested, with a gain of more than 1dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) on average. Our conclusion is that the new algorithm could be useful in efficient visual communication.