gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of transducer port cavities in invasive ultrasonic transit-time gas flowmeters (2015)

The design of ultrasonic gas flowmeters (UFMs) requires a thorough characterization of the acoustic sound pressure field. For large pipe flowmeters, such as used for custody or flare gas metering, the transducers are operated at frequencies ranging from 20 kHz up to 150 kHz. Thus, we investigate the effect of various acoustic boundary conditions for a 40 kHz air-coupled ultrasonic transducer by varying the mounting position inside the transducer port cavity. We used a volumetric characterization system to measure the sound pressure field for various boundary conditions. A pipe section with a diameter of ten inch and two representative inclination angles for a single-path UFM are used. We observe a maximum bending of the main sound lobe up to 16° and a significant change of the shape from single to multiple lobes. Our results prove that the transducer port cavity has significant effects on the sound pressure field and that these effects need to be taken into account when a flowmeter is supposed to be designed properly in terms of a symmetric or intentionally non-symmetric sound propagation.
Implications of a switch to a 100% apheresis platelet supply for patients and for blood donors: a risk benefit analysis (2016)

A 100% apheresis platelet supply would reduce donor exposures and the number of contaminated blood products in the inventory, but would increase apheresis complications in donors. Potential risks for patients must be carefully weighed against the risks for donors, dependent on the specific pathogen scenario.
A Survey of Intraocular Gas Use in North America (1988)

Intravitreal gas injection is a commonly used technique in the management of retinal detachments. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intraoperative and postoperative injection of air and inert, long-acting intravitreal gases.<sup>1-5</sup>The purpose of this study was to gauge the extent and current indications for use of air, sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), and perfluoropropane (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) by practicing vitreoretinal surgeons in North America. <h3>SUBJECTS AND METHODS</h3> Questionnaires were mailed to 211 members of and qualified applicants to the Vitreous Society and to 154 active members of the Retina Society in the United States and Canada. Individuals with dual memberships were identified to prevent duplicate sampling. A second mailing was performed one month after the first mailing. Responses were anonymous unless the individual voluntarily signed his or her name. Data entry and calculations were performed in the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, the Cleveland Clinic
A Pilot Study of Vitamin D and Balance Characteristics in Middle‐Aged, Healthy Individuals (2010)

Unlike studies involving elderly subjects, this study of younger, healthy subjects did not demonstrate a relationship between vitamin D and balance.
Integrating rare minutiae in generic fingerprint matchers for forensics (2015)

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) are commonly used by law enforcement agencies to narrow down the possible suspects from a criminal database. AFIS do not use all discriminatory features available in fingerprints but typically use only some types of features automatically extracted by a feature extraction algorithm. Latent fingerprints obtained from crime scenes are usually partial in nature which results to only very few number of reliable minutiae. Comparing a partial minutiae pattern to a full minutiae pattern is a difficult problem. Towards solving this challenge, we propose a method that exploits extended fingerprint features (unusual/rare minutiae) not commonly considered in typical minutiae-based matchers. The method we propose in this work can be combined with any existing minutiae-based matcher. We first compute a quantitative measure based on least squares between latent and tenprint minutiae points, with rare minutia feature as reference point. Then the similarity score of the reference minutiae-based matcher is modified based on the least square quantitative measure. The modified similarity score thus obtained incorporates the contribution of rare minutia features. We use a realistic forensic fingerprint casework database in our experiments which contains rare minutia features obtained from Guardia Civil, the Spanish law enforcement agency. Experiments are conducted using two reference minutiae-based matchers, namely: NIST-Bozorth3 and VeriFinger. We report a significant improvement in the rank identification accuracies when the reference minutiae matchers are augmented with our proposed algorithm based on rare minutia features.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics Handbook (2006)

American Journal of Therapeutics: September 2006 - Volume 13 - Issue 5 - p 463 doi: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000245401.04901.a9
Diastereoselective Pinacol Coupling Reactions of α-Ketoamides Mediated by SmI2: Synthesis of Enantiomerically PureR andS Quaternary Tartaric Acids (2000)

Chirale Auxiliare des Typs Xc führen zu hoher Diastereoselektivität (bis >99%) bei der Pinakol-Kupplung von α-Oxoamiden in Gegenwart von SmI2, Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid und tBuOH (siehe Schema). Durch die Hydrolyse der Pinakolprodukte erhält man enantiomerenreine (S,S)- oder (R,R)-2,3-Dialkylweinsäuren. TBPS=tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl.
Interfacial Thermodynamics of Polyolefin Blends and Copolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterfacial Thermodynamics of Polyolefin Blends and CopolymersGlenn H. FredricksonCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 25, 7382–7388Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00103a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00103a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5 DUE PROCESS IN ASYLUM DETERMINATION IN SOUTH AFRICA FROM A PRACTITIONER’S PERSPECTIVE: DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE INTERPRETATION, APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE REFUGEES ACT (2022)

5 DUE PROCESS IN ASYLUM DETERMINATION IN SOUTH AFRICA FROM A PRACTITIONER’S PERSPECTIVE: DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE INTERPRETATION, APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE REFUGEES ACT was published in Advancing Refugee Protection in South Africa on page 87.
Global Position and International Relations (1972)

The fundamental contrast between the two superpowers derives from the disposition of land and sea over the surface of the globe. If Wegener's convincing hypothesis is true, the land originally formed a single mass, the outer parts of which have drifted away to form the separate continents.1 They are still close enough together, however, for it to be possible to divide the globe into two halves in such a way that one half is covered almost entirely by sea, while the other contains most of the land. This land hemisphere consists of one large unbroken central area and a surrounding zone of peninsulas and islands, some small and some of continental size.
MmWave ad hoc network coverage and capacity (2015)

Ad hoc networks consistently under perform compared to cellular networks. Protocols either create residual interference that leads to poor signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios or try to coordinate transmissions leading to fewer transmission opportunities. Communication with millimeter-wave (mmWave) devices offers the potential for higher bandwidth communication channels and reduced interference in ad hoc networks. This paper uses a stochastic geometry approach to characterize the coverage probability of a mmWave ad hoc network with directional antennas and random building blockages. The coverage probability in the presence of noise and both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight interference is analyzed and used to derive the transmission capacity. Performance of mmWave is then analyzed in terms of area spectral efficiency and rate coverage. The results show that mmWave networks support larger densities, higher area spectral efficiencies, and better rate coverage compared to traditional, lower-frequency ad hoc networks.
Exo-Wrist: A Soft Tendon-Driven Wrist-Wearable Robot With Active Anchor for Dart-Throwing Motion in Hemiplegic Patients (2019)

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an effective recovery protocol for patients with stroke. However, not all the stroke patients can participate in CIMT. Devices that assist the movement of the affected side could help increase the number of stroke patients who can participate in CIMT like protocol. In this letter, a soft cable-driven wrist-wearable robot called ExoWrist, which assists the wrist of a paretic arm in performing the dart-throwing motion (DTM) with an active forearm anchor, is proposed. To increase the force transmission efficiency while preventing medical issues due to long-term pressure, a corset active anchor, which compresses the body only when anchoring is needed, is developed. A moving pulley mechanism and a three-layered structure increase the functionality of the anchor. Considering the natural movement of wrist extension and the frequently-used wrist motions in daily life, the wrist is assisted along the DTM direction, and the method to find a personal DTM is introduced. A 3D-printed custom wrist armlet is developed to hold the tendon path and exert a torque along the DTM direction. Together with a hand assistive device, Exo-Wrist could be used as a tool to help stroke patients with difficulty in wrist extension to participate in task-oriented rehabilitation protocols such as CIMT.
In Vitro Model for Stretch-Induced Hypertrophy of Skeletal Muscle (1979)

Mechanical stretch of embryonic chicken skeletal myotubes developed in vitro leads to many of the biochemical changes seen in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. These include increased amino acid accumulation, increased incorporation of amino acids into general cellular proteins and myosin heavy chains, and increased accumulation of total protein and myosin heavy chains. This model system should aid in understanding how the growth rate of skeletal muscle is regulated by its activity.
Colorization Algorithm for Monochrome Image Sequences Using Optical Flow (2004)

Recently, the study of colorization algorithm for monochrome still images has prospered. Considering actual application, an extension to moving images becomes important. As the first step, this paper proposes two colorization algorithms for monochrome image sequences which are defined as continuous frames without scene changing. In our approach, key frames in the image sequence are colorized by a conventional colorization technique for still images or human interactive painting. Then, each color in the colorized frame propagates to the next monochrome frame by extracting displacement vector for each pixel between two frames. In this paper, the displacement vector is calculated by an optical flow algorithm, and color propagation to temporary direction is performed. Experimental results suggest a success of colorization for image sequences by the proposed techniques.
Regression of U-87 MG human glioblastomas in nude mice after treatment with a cytotoxic somatostatin analog AN-238. (2000)

Receptors for somatostatin (SST) found on brain tumors could be used for targeting of chemotherapeutic agents. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of targeted cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238, consisting of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201), a potent derivative of doxorubicin (DOX) linked to somatostatin analogue RC-121, on the growth of SST receptor-positive U-87 MG human glioblastomas. Nude mice bearing U-87 MG xenografts received i.v. saline or equimolar doses of AN-238 or AN-201 (150 nmol/kg). Experiments also included groups that were administered RC-121 prior to the injection of AN-238, and groups injected with AN-162, a cytotoxic SST analogue similar to AN-238 but containing DOX instead of AN-201. Tumor volume, weight, and burden were determined. The effect of AN-238 and AN-201 on the survival time of nude mice bearing orthotopically implanted U-87 MG tumors was also evaluated. The binding of AN-238 to U-87 MG tumors was determined by radioreceptor assay and SST receptor (SSTR) subtype by reverse transcription-PCR. Nineteen days after a single administration of AN-238 the growth of U-87 MG tumors in nude mice was significantly inhibited (P = 0.00168), whereas two injections of AN-238 produced the regression of tumors (P = 0.0046). AN-201 was toxic and ineffective at the same dose. The antitumor effect on AN-238 could be blocked by pretreatment of the tumor-bearing mice with RC-121. The mean survival time of nude mice inoculated orthotopically with U-87 MG cells into the brain was significantly prolonged by treatment with AN-238 (P = 0.0099). AN-162 failed to inhibit significantly the growth of U-87 MG xenografts. High affinity binding sites for SST and mRNA for SST-2 receptor subtype were detected in U-87 MG tumors. Cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238 can be targeted to SST receptors on U-87 MG human glioblastomas to produce powerful inhibition of growth.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Inhibition of the Nuclear Export Receptor XPO1 as a Therapeutic Target for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (2023)

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Location-Based Lightweight Security Scheme for Wireless Communications in ROAR Architecture (2017)

Dynamic spectrum access is considered to be an emerging technology for enhancing RF spectrum efficiency where secondary unlicensed users access primacy licensed RF bands in an opportunistic manner for wireless communications. In dynamic spectrum access, RF spectrum geolocation database-driven approach has relieved the wireless devices from uncertainties caused by spectrum sensing at low signal levels. However, because of the openness in dynamic spectrum access environment, malicious users could mislead the overall communication resulting in no wireless services to legitimate secondary users. For instance, when secondary user queries the RF spectrum database, it sends a query along with its geolocation which could be intercepted and hijacked by the malicious users and block the secondary users from using available RF spectrum. To address this problem, we have developed a lightweight security technique where hash of a geolocation of the secondary user is used as a part of an encryption key to provide security in the Real-time Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cloud-assisted Cognitive Radio Networks (ROAR) architecture. The proposed location-based lightweight security scheme leverages the secondary user's location (latitude, longitude and altitude) information to encrypt the data being transmitted to protect the system from possible malicious attacks. This approach has two stages: first, share the unique hash value generated using location information (i.e., longitude, latitude and altitude) secretly with the help of a pre-shared string with the ROAR's geolocation spectrum server. Second, the secondary users use their hash values obtained by using location information to encrypt the message being transmitted to their corresponding receivers. A key feature of this approach is that if a third party (malicious user) tries to send data to the geolocation spectrum database for querying the RF spectrum database, malicious actions will be detected and malicious users would not get the service for dynamic spectrum access. We evaluate the proposed approach using Monte Carlo simulations and experiments using software defined radios in ROAR architecture.
Immunological Control of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens (2000)

The majority of the commercial vaccines available for common equine pathogens like equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and Streptococcus equi (S. equi) are killed vaccines consisting of the inactivated pathogen or its proteins with an adjuvant, generally alum. The established measure of efficacy for these vaccines is the serum antibody (IgM and IgG) response after vaccination. Killed vaccines containing alum adjuvant produce impressive serum antibody titers by stimulating type 2 T helper lymphocyte (TH2) responses, inducing B lymphocyte activation and thus efficient antibody production. However, as reviewed by Dr. Lunn earlier, an effective immune response consists of much more than simply circulating antibody. Generating a full and effective repertoire of adaptive immune responses to a particular pathogen is not straightforward; indeed it is only recently that the full sophistication of the immune response has become apparent. There are also significant technical difficulties in measuring other (non-antibody) aspects of immunity. Assays of the cell-mediated immune response, for example cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, remain technically demanding, are not suitable for batch screening, are not easily reproducible between laboratories, and are not available commercially. In contrast, antibody measurement is relatively simple, is highly suitable for batch screening, is acceptably reproducible between laboratories, and is available commercially. There can be little wonder, then, that serum antibody titers have been the standard means of assessing vaccine efficacy thus far. However, practicing veterinarians and vaccinologists alike are well aware of the limitations of current vaccines for several of the major equine pathogens, despite the ability of these vaccines to induce efficient serum antibody responses. The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons why vaccines may fail to control viral and bacterial pathogens and thus induce protective immunity. In order to understand the reasons for this we need to consider, for each pathogen:
Time course for the recovery of physical performance, blood hemoglobin, and ferritin content after blood donation (2014)

The individual recovery was variable, but physical performance was recovered 14 days after a standard blood donation, despite blood Hb concentration remaining lower than at baseline.
Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah (2013)

Abstract. The Uintah Basin in northeastern Utah, a region of intense oil and gas extraction, experienced ozone (O3) concentrations above levels harmful to human health for multiple days during the winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. These wintertime O3 pollution episodes occur during cold, stable periods when the ground is snowcovered, and have been linked to emissions from the oil and gas extraction process. The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) was a field intensive in early 2012, whose goal was to address current uncertainties in the chemical and physical processes that drive wintertime O3 production in regions of oil and gas development. Although elevated O3 concentrations were not observed during the winter of 2011–2012, the comprehensive set of observations tests of our understanding of O3 photochemistry in this unusual emissions environment. A box model, constrained to the observations and using the explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) V3.2 chemistry scheme, has been used to investigate the sensitivities of O3 production during UBWOS 2012. Simulations identify the O3 production photochemistry to be highly radical limited. Production of OH from O3 photolysis (through reaction of O(1D) with water vapor) contributed only 170 pptv day−1, 8% of the total primary radical source on average. Other radical sources, including the photolysis of formaldehyde (HCHO, 52%), nitrous acid (HONO, 26%), and nitryl chloride (ClNO2, 13%) were larger. O3 production was also found to be highly sensitive to aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations, due to radical amplification reactions in the oxidation scheme of these species. Radical production was shown to be small in comparison to the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), such that NOx acted as the primary radical sink. Consequently, the system was highly VOC sensitive, despite the much larger mixing ratio of total non-methane hydrocarbons (230 ppbv (2080 ppbC), 6 week average) relative to NOx (5.6 ppbv average). However, the importance of radical sources which are themselves derived from NOx emissions and chemistry, such as ClNO2 and HONO, make the response of the system to changes in NOx emissions uncertain. These box model simulations provide useful insight into the chemistry controlling winter O3 production in regions of oil and gas extraction.
Multiscale crack initiator promoted super-low ice adhesion surfaces (2017)

Preventing icing on exposed surfaces is important for life and technology. While suppressing ice nucleation by surface structuring and local confinement is highly desirable and yet to be achieved, a realistic roadmap of icephobicity is to live with ice, but with lowest possible ice adhesion. According to fracture mechanics, the key to lower ice adhesion is to maximize crack driving forces at the ice-substrate interface. Herein, we present a novel integrated macro-crack initiator mechanism combining nano-crack and micro-crack initiators, and demonstrate a new approach to designing super-low ice adhesion surfaces by introducing sub-structures into smooth polydimethylsiloxane coatings. Our design promotes the initiation of macro-cracks and enables the reduction of ice adhesion by at least ∼50% regardless of the curing temperature, weight ratio and size of internal holes, reaching a lowest ice adhesion of 5.7 kPa. The multiscale crack initiator mechanisms provide an unprecedented and versatile strategy towards designing super-low ice adhesion surfaces.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction and Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (1993)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotides based on the repetitive sequence (IS986) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a primer and the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD), which combines an M. tuberculosis rRNA amplification method with the hybridization protection assay format, were evaluated for detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples. The detection limits of these two assay systems based on nucleic acid amplification for cultured M. tuberculosis were less than 10 cells per reaction. A total of 135 sputum specimens were examined by the two assay systems. The PCR and the MTD systems for detection of M. tuberculosis gave overall positivity rates of 84.2% (32 of 38) and 91.9% (34 of 37), respectively, as compared with 71.9% (23 of 32) by smear and 96.9% (31 of 32) by culture in the liquid medium MB-Check. Procedures for sample preparation used in the two methods were different. Although the sensitivities of the PCR and MTD appeared to be similar to that of culture with the MB-Check system, the two methods based on nucleic acid amplification should be very useful for rapid detection of M. tuberculosis infections without the long time required for culture of M. tuberculosis.