gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A semiological classification of status epilepticus (2005)

The classification of status epilepticus (SE) has been a subject of discussion for many years, yet no satisfactory agreement has been reached. Due to their complexity, status episodes often defy classification according to the current international classification scheme. The semiological seizure classification (SSC) has been in use in several epilepsy centers for more than a decade, and has proven to be a valid approach to the classification of epileptic seizures. Based on the detailed analysis of more than 100 episodes of SE documented with video-EEG recordings, the authors now present a proposal for a semiological classification of status epilepticus (SCSE). The SCSE reflects the assumption implied by all modern definitions of SE that "there are as many types of status as there are types of seizures" and relies on the same principles as the SSC, focusing on the main clinical manifestations and the evolution of the status episode. The clinical manifestations of SE are subdivided into semiological components and classified along three axes: the type of brain function predominantly compromised by the seizure activity, the body part involved, and the evolution over time. Each axis contains several subcategories, so that many different levels of accuracy are possible. The SCSE, just like the SSC, is meant to be part of a comprehensive epilepsy classification which classifies as independent variables (epileptogenic zone, ictal semiology, etiology, related medical conditions) the main features of the patient's epilepsy, allowing for each variable maximum flexibility.
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Property Relationship (3D-QSPR) Models for Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs):  Enthalpy of Sublimation (2002)

Three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) models have been derived using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) to correlate the vaporization enthalpies of a representative set of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at 298.15 K with their CoMFA-calculated physicochemical properties. Various alignment schemes, such as inertial, as is, and atom fit, were employed in this study. The CoMFA models were also developed using different partial charge formalisms, namely, electrostatic potential (ESP) charges and Gasteiger-Marsili (GM) charges. The most predictive model for vaporization enthalpy (Delta(vap)H(m)(298.15 K)), with atom fit alignment and Gasteiger-Marsili charges, yielded r2 values 0.852 (cross-validated) and 0.996 (conventional). The vaporization enthalpies of PCBs increased with the number of chlorine atoms and were found to be larger for the meta- and para-substituted isomers. This model was used to predict Delta(vap)H(m)(298.15 K) of the entire set of 209 PCB congeners.
Correction: AID-Initiated DNA Lesions Are Differentially Processed in Distinct B Cell Populations (2015)

Chen, Z., S. Ranganath, S. S. Viboolsittiseri, M. D. Eder, X. Chen, M. T. Elos, S. Yuan, E. Hansen, and J. H. Wang. 2014. AID-initiated DNA lesions are differentially processed in distinct B cell populations. J. Immunol. 193: [5545–5556][1].

The seventh author’s name was published incorrectly.
Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies. (1988)

We have developed video microscopy methods to visualize the assembly and disassembly of individual microtubules at 33-ms intervals. Porcine brain tubulin, free of microtubule-associated proteins, was assembled onto axoneme fragments at 37 degrees C, and the dynamic behavior of the plus and minus ends of microtubules was analyzed for tubulin concentrations between 7 and 15.5 microM. Elongation and rapid shortening were distinctly different phases. At each end, the elongation phase was characterized by a second order association and a substantial first order dissociation reaction. Association rate constants were 8.9 and 4.3 microM-1 s-1 for the plus and minus ends, respectively; and the corresponding dissociation rate constants were 44 and 23 s-1. For both ends, the rate of tubulin dissociation equaled the rate of tubulin association at 5 microM. The rate of rapid shortening was similar at the two ends (plus = 733 s-1; minus = 915 s-1), and did not vary with tubulin concentration. Transitions between phases were abrupt and stochastic. As the tubulin concentration was increased, catastrophe frequency decreased at both ends, and rescue frequency increased dramatically at the minus end. This resulted in fewer rapid shortening phases at higher tubulin concentrations for both ends and shorter rapid shortening phases at the minus end. At each concentration, the frequency of catastrophe was slightly greater at the plus end, and the frequency of rescue was greater at the minus end. Our data demonstrate that microtubules assembled from pure tubulin undergo dynamic instability over a twofold range of tubulin concentrations, and that the dynamic instability of the plus and minus ends of microtubules can be significantly different. Our analysis indicates that this difference could produce treadmilling, and establishes general limits on the effectiveness of length redistribution as a measure of dynamic instability. Our results are consistent with the existence of a GTP cap during elongation, but are not consistent with existing GTP cap models.
Waves in a short cable at low frequencies, or just hand-waving? (2015)

We address the question of low-frequency signals in a short cable, which are often considered as waves in engineering calculations. Such an assumption violates several laws of physics, but exact calculations can be carried out via linear network theory.
Dipotassium trimanganese(II) tetrakis(hydrogenphosphite), K2[Mn3(HPO3)4] (2009)

The title compound is a new mixed alkali/3d metal phosphite. It exhibits a layered structure formed by linear Mn(3)O(12) trimer units which contain face-sharing MnO(6) octahedra interconnected by (HPO(3))(2-) phosphite oxoanions. The K(+) cations located between the anionic [Mn(3)(HPO(3))(4)](2-) sheets are ninefold coordinated. The presence of the alkaline ion leads to the highest symmetry and shortest interlayer distance compared with two previous compounds showing the same anionic framework and having ammonium salts as cations. The compound crystallizes in the space group R3m, with two crystallographically independent Mn atoms occupying sites of 3m and 3m symmetry. All the other atoms, except for the phosphite O atoms, are located on special positions with 3m symmetry.
Kronenberg vs. Henry Ford Health System, et al. addresses constitutionality of malpractice reform legislation. (1995)

In November 1994, a Wayne County Circuit Court judge rendered an opinion upholding the constitutionality of the 182-day pre-suit notice and waiting requirements under the Malpractice Reform Legislation which became effective April 1, 1994. The Court's opinion is well written and will lend support to other constitutional attacks taking place in other circuit courts. It is expected that the Kronenberg case will be appealed. MSMS legal counsel will monitor this and other cases contesting the constitutionality of the Malpractice Reform Legislation and keep MSMS members apprised.
Highly Oxidation‐Resistant and Self‐Healable MXene‐Based Hydrogels for Wearable Strain Sensor (2023)

Abstract Very recently, MXene‐based wearable hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for epidermal sensors due to their tissue‐like softness and unique electrical and mechanical properties. However, it remains a challenge to achieve MXene‐based hydrogels with reliable sensing performance and prolonged service life, because MXene inevitably oxidizes in water‐containing system of the hydrogels. Herein, catechol‐functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA‐CA)‐based hydrogels is proposed to inhibit the oxidation of MXene, leading to rapid self‐healing and superior strain sensing behaviors. Sufficient interaction of hydrophobic catechol groups with the MXene surface reduces the oxidation‐accessible sites in the MXene for reaction with water and eventually suppresses the oxidation of MXene in the hydrogel. Furthermore, the PVA‐CA‐MXene hydrogel is demonstrated for use as a strain sensor for real‐time motion monitoring, such as detecting subtle human motions and handwriting. The signals of PVA‐CA‐MXene hydrogel sensor can be accurately classified using deep learning models.
Loop-based source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Summary form only given. In an ad hoc network, a routing protocol which detects a transmission route from a source mobile computer to a destination one is critical due to mobility and limited battery capacity of mobile computers. Here, a communication link between two mobile computers is not always bidirectional, i.e. uni-directional, since transmission power of mobile computers is not the same. Though some ad hoc routing protocols, e.g. DSR, support routing with unidirectional links, multiple flooding* (successive broadcasting) are used and communication overhead is high. We propose a novel routing protocol LBSR supporting unidirectional links and based on combination of a single flooding and multiple unicast message transmissions. In LBSR, route cache mechanism works better than DSR in an environment with unidirectional links. Simulation results show the efficiency of route cache in LBSR.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (2012)

Until recently, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was most often negative in Parkinson's disease or showed nonspecific findings. Recent developments in structural MRI, including relaxometry, magnetization transfer, and neuromelanin imaging, have demonstrated improved contrast and enabled more accurate visualization of deep brain nuclei, in particular, the substantia nigra. Meanwhile, diffusion imaging has provided useful biomarkers of substantia nigra degeneration, showing reduced anisotropy and anatomical connectivity with the striatum and thalamus. These advances in structural imaging are complemented by findings of magnetic resonance spectroscopy on brain metabolism and resting-state functional MRI on functional connectivity. This article presents an overview of these new structural, metabolic, and resting-state functional MRI techniques and their implications for Parkinson's disease. The techniques are reviewed in the context of their potential for better understanding the disease in terms of diagnosis and pathophysiology and as biomarkers of its progression.
Environmental enteropathy: new targets for nutritional interventions (2010)

In the developing world major public health issues such as malnutrition and compromised physical development are intimately linked to altered gut morphology and function with underlying chronic inflammatory responses. In these societies the downward spiral of malnutrition and infections does not seem to be remedied by well-informed nutritional interventions that supplement the identified nutrient deficiencies, suggesting that additional strategies are needed. The aim of this scientific opinion paper is to consider how a child from the developing world might benefit, separately and additively, from interventions targeted to impact hygiene, nutritional status, disease resistance and gut function, if successful interventions could be found. A failure to tackle environmental enteropathy (EE) may be a critical limiting factor that can explain the relative lack of success of interventions focussed on micronutrient supplementation so far. Therefore this paper starts with a summary of the aetiology and consequences of EE on child health and the current recommendations aimed at tackling this problem. Then a number of hypotheses will be considered in terms of research strategy to positively affect nutritional status, intestinal health and growth of children with EE, with the aim of inspiring future innovative strategies, for both the food industry and the public health sector, which could benefit millions of children.
Multi-stimuli Responsive Natural Fibers Immobilized with Silver Nanoparticles via Plasma-activated Generation of Polyaniline (2021)

Functionalization of natural fibers with electroactive polymeric materials can create conductive surfaces with multifunctional properties. Herein, we develop smart fibers using plasma supported coating of wool fabrics with various polyaniline derivatives (PANi) in the presence/absence of in-situ prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanostructural thin film of PANi was synthesized in-situ employing plasma-pretreatment to assess the polymerization process. AgNPs were immobilized in-situ during the formation of PANi starting from silver nitrate (AgNO3) by taking benefit of the reducing ability from the electroconductive polymer derivatives. Some selected electroactive polymers were applied starting from aromatic amines, including m-anisidine, o-phenylenediamine and p-nitroaniline. The morphological characteristics of the produced fabrics were studied by scan electron microscope (SEM). The chemical analysis was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. As monitored by CIE Lab colorimetric measurements, instant reversible color variations were monitored by recording the colorimetric measurements of the produced sensor fabrics. By changing the sort of the electroactive polymer and the inclusion of silver nanoparticles, the imparted characteristics of the developed wool fabrics, including antimicrobial, electroactivity and stimuli-responsive effects were explored for a diversity of promising medical applications.
<p>Glucose-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles to generation of hydrogen peroxide for synergistic cancer starvation and chemistry therapy</p> (2019)

<b>Background:</b> The combination of novel starving therapy with chemotherapy is one of the most promising strategies to achieve an effective antitumor activity. <b>Methods:</b> Herein, we developed a multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs-GOx/PLL/HA) coated with poly (L-lysine) (PLL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for co-delivery of glucose oxidase (GOx) and anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) for cancer treatment for the first time. Compared to single chemotherapy, introduction of GOx would not only selectively trigger the consumption of intracellular glucose, leading to the interruption of energy supply, but also elevat the endogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> level, inducing stronger therapeutic effects. <b>Results:</b> The novel drug delivery system possessed desirable particle diameter of 40 nm and exhibited a pH-sensitive drug release behavior. An in vitro cellular uptake study indicated that MSNs-GOx/PLL/HA nanoparticles effectively enhanced the cellular uptake of drug in an apparently CD44 receptor-dependent manner, and delivered more cargo into cytoplasm via endolysosomal escape effect in presence of PLL. The nanoplatform has also demonstrated amplified synergistic therapeutic effects for remarkable tumor inhibition in a xenograft animal tumor model. <b>Conclusion:</b> Consequently, the developed synergistic starving-like/chemotherapy may provide a potential platform for next generation cancer therapy.
No impact of sex and age on beta‐adrenoceptor‐mediated inotropy in human right atrial trabeculae (2020)

Our large, multivariable analysis shows that neither age nor sex affects beta-AR-mediated inotropy or catecholamine sensitivity in human atrial trabeculae. These findings may have important clinical implications because beta-ARs, as a common drug target in CVD and heart failure, do not behave differently in women and men across age decades.
How to Make Robots' Optimal Anthropomorphism Level: Manipulating Social Cues and Spatial Context for an Improved User Experience (2022)

With the growing interest in robot related research and industry, there is a demand to shape user experience more sophisticatedly in human-robot interaction. The purpose of this study is to define the elements for manipulating robot's verbal anthropomorphism and investigate the influence on user experience associated with spatial context. Based on the identified elements, we divided the robot's anthropomorphism into three levels (high, medium, low) and associated them with two spatial contexts (open, closed). The results revealed that a higher level of verbal anthropomorphism mostly induced positive user experiences; however, people sometimes tended to prefer a medium level, especially in terms of usefulness. Further, privacy concerns were significantly higher in open space. Consequently, we propose that designers and researchers deviate from the two levels of anthropomorphism (e.g., high or low, existing or not) generally used in prior studies to a new perspective that also considers the spatial context.
Environmental Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Fasteners in Wood (2012)

This paper examines the durability of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) nails in treated wood. The FRP nails were exposed to four conditions: (1) accelerated weathering, consisting of exposure to ultraviolet light and condensation; (2) 100% relative humidity (RH); (3) being driven into untreated wood and exposed to 100% RH; and (4) being driven into wood treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) and exposed to 100% RH. Changes in the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties were examined with weight loss, dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), respectively. Although fasteners exhibited changes after exposure to treated wood, the changes were not statistically different than the changes that occurred in untreated wood or in the humid environment. Under these three conditions, the fasteners gained 2–3% of their starting mass, and the storage modulus also increased by 20% after exposure. The results suggest that moisture is more important than the wood chemistry or preservative chemistry in determining the durability of FRP fasteners in wood.
Determination of galactosyl hydroxylysine in urine as a means for the identification of osteoporotic women. (1988)

A sensitive and specific method is proposed to follow bone collagen degradation. The procedure consists of the measurement of galactosyl hydroxylysine (GH) in urine by HPLC. The aim of the work is to assess the predictive values of the method for the identification of post-menopausal osteoporotic women. By assuming the value of 12 mumol/g creatinine as the threshold value, the sensitivity of the test is 87% and the specificity 60%. Individuals with a GH/creatinine ratio of 12 or below are not likely to be at risk of bone fractures: an equivalent predictive value is provided by the measurement of bone density by quantitative computed tomography. This biochemical method is however simple and not invasive and may be frequently repeated.
Leadership behavior in relation to dominance and reproductive status in gray wolves,Canis lupus (2002)

We analyzed the leadership behavior of breeding and nonbreeding gray wolves (Canis lupus) in three packs during winter in 19971999. Scent-marking, frontal leadership (time and frequency in the lead while traveling), initiation of activity, and nonfrontal leadership were recorded during 499 h of ground-based observations in Yellowstone National Park. All observed scent-marking (N = 158) was done by breeding wolves, primarily dominant individuals. Dominant breeding pairs provided most leadership, consistent with a trend in social mammals for leadership to correlate with dominance. Dominant breeding wolves led traveling packs during 64% of recorded behavior bouts (N = 591) and 71% of observed travel time (N = 64 h). During travel, breeding males and females led packs approximately equally, which probably reflects high parental investment by both breeding male and female wolves. Newly initiated behaviors (N = 104) were prompted almost 3 times more often by dominant breeders (70%) than by nonbreeders (25%). Dominant breeding females initiated pack activities almost 4 times more often than subordinate breeding females (30 vs. 8 times). Although one subordinate breeding female led more often than individual nonbreeders in one pack in one season, more commonly this was not the case. In 12 cases breeding wolves exhibited nonfrontal leadership. Among subordinate wolves, leadership behavior was observed in subordinate breeding females and other individuals just prior to their dispersal from natal packs. Subordinate wolves were more often found leading packs that were large and contained many subordinate adults.
Isolation, Detection and Genomic Differentiation of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Bachok, Kelantan (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus from selected aquatic environments in Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. Out of 50 water samples, 33 were confirmed with the presence of presumptive V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus based on biochemical tests. Primers targeting toxR gene specific for V. cholerae (800bp) and V. parahaemolyticus (368bp), tdh (251bp) and trh (250bp) virulence genes were used in the PCR. Results of PCR showed that only 25 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and 3 of V. cholerae had the toxR gene. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates had the trh and tdh genes. Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) was used to determine the relatedness of these strains at the genomic level. Cluster analysis for REP-PCR showed 2 major clusters A-B, with several isolates from different locations grouped together indicating the geographical relatedness due to interconnected waterways. REPPCR showed that the species of Vibrios are genetically diverse.
Effect of Bromide-Hypochlorite Bactericides on Microorganisms (1962)

A new principle in compounding stable, granular bactericidal products led to unique combinations of a water-soluble inorganic bromide salt with a hypochlorite-type disinfectant of either inorganic or organic type. Microbiological results are shown for an inorganic bactericide composed of chlorinated trisodium phosphate containing 3.1% "available chlorine" and 2% potassium bromide, and for an organic bactericide formulated from sodium dichloroisocyanurate so as to contain 13.4% "available chlorine" and 8% potassium bromide. Comparison of these products with their nonbromide counterparts are reported for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus lactis, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Proteus vulgaris. Test methods employed were the Chambers test, the A.O.A.C. Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizer-Official test, and the Available Chlorine Germicidal Equivalent Concentration test. The minimal killing concentrations for the bromide-hypochlorite bactericides against this variety of organisms were reduced by a factor 2 to 24 times those required for similar hypochlorite-type disinfectants not containing the bromide.