gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and electronic recovery pathways of a photoexcited ultrathin VO2film (2013)

The structural and electronic recovery pathways of a photoexcited ultrathin vanadium dioxide (VO${}_{2}$) film at nanosecond time scales have been studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction and transient optical absorption techniques. The recovery pathways from the tetragonal metallic phase to the monoclinic insulating phase are highly dependent on the optical pump fluence. At pump fluences higher than the saturation fluence of 14.7 mJ/cm${}^{2}$, we observed a transient structural state with lattice parameter larger than that of the tetragonal phase, which is decoupled from the metal-to-insulator phase transition. Subsequently, the photoexcited VO${}_{2}$ film recovered to the ground state at characteristic times dependent upon the pump fluence as a result of heat transport from the film to the substrate. We present a procedure to measure the time-resolved film temperature by correlating photoexcited and temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements. A thermal transport model that incorporates changes of the thermal parameters across the phase transition reproduces the observed recovery dynamics. The optical excitation and fast recovery of ultrathin VO${}_{2}$ films provides a practical method to reversibly switch between the monoclinic insulating and tetragonal metallic state at nanosecond time scales.
TRENDS IN BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. BETWEEN 1990 AND 2004: ANALYSIS OF 153,259 PATIENTS (2010)

Introduction: There is scant information on the trends of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties (BTKA). The safety of BTKR has been put into question because of a possible association with increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that substantial changes in BTKA patients demographics, in-hospital complications and mortality have occurred over time in the United States. Methods: We analyzed information collected for the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) from 1990 to 2004, to elucidate temporal changes in the utilization, demographics, comorbidity profiles, hospital stay, and in-hospital complications of patients undergoing BTKA in the United States. Three five-year periods were created (1990–1994, 1995–1999, 2000–2004) to facilitate temporal analysis. Temporal changes in patient and health care variables were analyzed. Results: 153,259 discharges after BTKR were identified (20.18% performed between 1990 and 1994, 28.73% between 1995 and 1999 and 51.08% between 2000 and 2004). Utilization of BTKR more than doubled for the entire civilian population and almost tripled among females. All age groups experienced an increase in utilization of BTKR throughout the study period, except those 85 and older. Most recently a decline of approximately 50% was seen. The distribution of BTKR procedures among age groups changed significantly, with an increased proportion of patients between the ages of 45–64 receiving this procedure (32.83% in 1990–1994; 43.62% in 2000–2004). Comorbidity burden increased steadily over time for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesteremia, obesity and renal disease, with half of all patients being affected by hypertension in the most recent time period. The prevalence of coronary artery disease and pulmonary disease decreased from the second to the third time period. Length of hospital stay decreased by half from 9.27 (range 2–53) days between 1990–1994 to 5.44 (range 1–44) days between 1995–1999 and to 4.68 (range 1–33) days between 2000–2004. Overall, procedure related complications rates decreased over time from 19.85% in the first time period to 8.89% in the most recent time period studied. Discussion: We identified a number temporal changes associated with BTKR performed during the same hospitalization. While utilization in general increased over time, operations on patients above the age of 85 years and amongst those with cardiac and pulmonary disease decreased during the last decade. Overall, procedure related complication rates fell by approximately 50% over the study period.
Occurrence and Growth of Killer Yeasts during Wine Fermentation (1987)

Sixteen wine fermentations were examined for the presence of killer yeasts. Killer property and sensitivity to killer action were found in isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not in isolates of Kloeckera, Candida, Hansenula, and Torulaspora spp. Several killer and killer-sensitive strains of S. cerevisiae were differentiated by colony morphology, and this property was used to monitor their growth kinetics in mixed cultures in grape juice. Killer-sensitive strains died off within 24 to 48 h during mixed-strain fermentation. Killer action was demonstrated at pH 3.0 and pH 3.5 and over the range of 15 to 25 degrees C but depended on the proportion of killer to killer-sensitive cells at the commencement of fermentation. The dominance of killer strains in mixed-strain fermentations was reflected in the production of ethanol, acetic acid, and glycerol.
The interplay between pathogen‐associated and danger‐associated molecular patterns: an inflammatory code in cancer? (2013)

There is increasing evidence of a close link between inflammation and cancer, and at the core of inflammation there are both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger (or damage)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Microorganisms harbor molecules structurally conserved within groups called PAMPs that are recognized by specific receptors present on immune cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs); these are the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation through different PRRs leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A robust immune response also requires the presence of endogenous molecules that pose 'danger' to self-tissues and are produced by damaged or stressed cells; these are the DAMPs, which act also as inducers of inflammation. PAMPs and DAMPs are each recognized by a limited set of receptors that in number probably do not exceed 100. PAMPs and DAMPs interact with each other, and a single PRR can bind to a PAMP as well as a DAMP. Within this framework, we propose that PAMPs and DAMPs act in synchrony, modifying the activation threshold of one another. Thus, the range of PAMP-DAMP partnerships defines the course of inflammation, in a predictable manner, in an 'inflammatory code'. The definition of relevant PAMP-DAMP complexes is important for the understanding of inflammatory disorders in general, and of cancer in particular. Here, we review relevant findings that support the notion of a PAMP-DAMP-based inflammatory code, with emphasis on cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
Time-series land cover mapping and urban expansion analysis using OpenStreetMap data and remote sensing big data: A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China (2022)

Accurate land cover mapping provides important scientific support for ecological environment protection and sustainable urban development. However, given the high expense of acquiring training samples and the difficulty of fully utilizing remote sensing big data, large-scale time-series land cover mapping remains to be a challenge. To address the issue, we proposed a novel time-series large-scale mapping approach that obtains high-quality training samples from OpenStreetMap volunteered data and transfers them for land cover mapping in historical years. Relying on the data archived on the Google Earth Engine platform, we constructed a discriminating feature set that contains spectrum, texture, and backscatter coefficient, among others. Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case area, the annual land cover maps after spatio-temporal consistency modification from 1986 to 2021 were obtained. The validation samples proved that the derived land cover classification results have high accuracy. We verified the reliability and superiority of the proposed approach by comparing our results with existing land cover products. The proposed mapping approach owns great transferability, and the mapping results provide a valid decision-making basis for urban planning.
Effects of pentachlorophenol on survival of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and phagocytosis by their immunoactive coelomocytes (1998)

Abstract Earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, exposed for 96 h to filter paper saturated with five nominal concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP: 5–50 μg PCP/cm2), exhibited a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 25.0 μg PCP/cm2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.8–27.2) and corresponding whole worm body burden-based 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 877.7 μg PCP/g dry mass (95% CI: 828.5–927.0). Linear regression modeling showed that worms increased body concentrations (BC = μg PCP/g dry tissue mass) with increasing exposure concentrations (EC) according to BC = 113.5 + 29.5EC (r2 = 0.94, p = 0.03). Phagocytosis of yeast cells by immunoactive coelomocytes was suppressed only at body concentrations (863.3 μg PCP/g dry mass) that approximated the calculated LD50 and overlapped those demonstrating lethality, indicating a sharp transition between sublethal and lethal toxicity. An exposure concentration of 15 μg PCP/cm2 produced significant suppression of phagocytosis of yeast cells by immunoactive coelomocytes. However, the average measured body burden from this group (863.3 μg PCP/g dry mass) approximated the estimated LD50, indicating a sharp toxic response slope. Exposure to 10 μg PCP/cm2 with a corresponding body concentration of 501.3 μg PCP/g dry mass did not affect phagocytosis. The importance of body burden data is emphasized.
PAVEL: Decorative Patterns with Packed Volumetric Elements (2022)

Many real-world hand-crafted objects are decorated with elements that are packed onto the object’s surface and deformed to cover it as much as possible. Examples are artisanal ceramics and metal jewelry. Inspired by these objects, we present a method to enrich surfaces with packed volumetric decorations. Our algorithm works by first determining the locations in which to add the decorative elements and then removing the non-physical overlap between them while preserving the decoration volume. For the placement, we support several strategies depending on the desired overall motif. To remove the overlap, we use an approach based on implicit deformable models creating the qualitative effect of plastic warping while avoiding expensive and hard-to-control physical simulations. Our decorative elements can be used to enhance virtual surfaces, as well as 3D-printed pieces, by assembling the decorations onto real surfaces to obtain tangible reproductions.
Identification of Interleukin-6 as a Factor That Induces Neurite Outgrowth by PC12 Cells Primed with NGF (1996)

We have screened for a factor that induces neurite outgrowth by PC12 cells only after NGF pretreatment in the supernatants of 38 transformed cell lines, finding three positive clones. The factor showing the strongest activity was purified and identified as IL6. In this NGF-IL6 system, the process of neurite outgrowth by PC12 cells can be separated into NGF-dependent and IL6-dependent steps. The IL6-dependent step requires RNA synthesis, suggesting that IL6 induces new gene expression depending on NGF-priming. These findings suggest that the gene expression during the differentiation process is regulated by at least two signals.
Iron deficiency anaemia revisited (2019)

Iron deficiency anaemia is a global health concern affecting children, women and the elderly, whilst also being a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. The aetiology is variable and attributed to several risk factors decreasing iron intake and absorption or increasing demand and loss, with multiple aetiologies often coexisting in an individual patient. Although presenting symptoms may be nonspecific, there is emerging evidence on the detrimental effects of iron deficiency anaemia on clinical outcomes across several medical conditions. Increased awareness about the consequences and prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia can aid early detection and management. Diagnosis can be easily made by measurement of haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, whilst in chronic inflammatory conditions, diagnosis may be more challenging and necessitates consideration of higher serum ferritin thresholds and evaluation of transferrin saturation. Oral and intravenous formulations of iron supplementation are available, and several patient and disease-related factors need to be considered before management decisions are made. This review provides recent updates and guidance on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia in multiple clinical settings.
Hydroxyversicolorone: isolation and characterization of a potential intermediate in aflatoxin biosynthesis (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxyversicolorone: isolation and characterization of a potential intermediate in aflatoxin biosynthesisCraig A. Townsend, Kathleen A. Plavcan, Kollol Pal, Susan W. Brobst, Michael S. Irish, E. Wesley Ely Jr., and Joan W. BennettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2472–2477Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fbxw7 is a driver of uterine carcinosarcoma by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (2019)

Uterine carcinosarcoma is an aggressive variant of endometrial carcinoma characterized by unusual histologic features including discrete malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components (carcinoma and sarcoma). Recent studies have confirmed a monoclonal origin, and comprehensive genomic characterizations have identified mutations such as <i>Tp53</i> and <i>Pten</i> However, the biological origins and specific combination of driver events underpinning uterine carcinosarcoma have remained mysterious. Here, we explored the role of the tumor suppressor <i>Fbxw7</i> in endometrial cancer through defined genetic model systems. Inactivation of <i>Fbxw7</i> and <i>Pten</i> resulted in the formation of precancerous lesions (endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia) and well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Surprisingly, all adenocarcinomas eventually developed into definitive uterine carcinosarcomas with carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements including heterologous differentiation, yielding a faithful genetically engineered model of this cancer type. Genomic analysis showed that most tumors spontaneously acquired <i>Trp53</i> mutations, pointing to a triad of pathways (p53, PI3K, and Fbxw7) as the critical combination underpinning uterine carcinosarcoma, and to Fbxw7 as a key driver of this enigmatic endometrial cancer type. Lineage tracing provided formal genetic proof that the uterine carcinosarcoma cell of origin is an endometrial epithelial cell that subsequently undergoes a prominent epithelial-mesenchymal transition underlying the attainment of a highly invasive phenotype specifically driven by Fbxw7.
The digital micromirror device for projection display (2002)

The digital micromirror device is the product of a technological development program which began at Texas instruments over 15 years ago. It is a micro-electromechanical system, MEMS, device which includes an array of mirrors fabricated above CMOS static RAM memory elements. Rapid switching of the diagonally hinged mirrors allows incident light to be modulated to form the highest quality video images for projection display systems. Recent developments, discussed here, improve the optical and electronic performance as well as reduce the required number of active elements.
Data from Absence of Both Cytochrome <i>P</i>450 3A and P-glycoprotein Dramatically Increases Docetaxel Oral Bioavailability and Risk of Intestinal Toxicity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Docetaxel is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs. A major problem with docetaxel treatment, however, is the considerable interpatient variability in docetaxel exposure. Another disadvantage of the drug is that it has a very low oral bioavailability and can therefore only be administered i.v. The drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;450 3A (CYP3A) and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp; MDR1) are considered to be major determinants of docetaxel pharmacokinetics. It has been hypothesized that CYP3A and P-gp work synergistically in limiting the systemic exposure to many orally ingested drugs. However, it has been difficult to examine this interplay &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. We therefore generated mice lacking all CYP3A and P-gp genes. Although missing two primary detoxification systems, &lt;i&gt;Cyp3a/Mdr1a/1b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice are viable, fertile, and without spontaneous abnormalities. When orally challenged with docetaxel, a disproportionate (&gt;70-fold) increase in systemic exposure was observed compared with the increases in single &lt;i&gt;Cyp3a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; (12-fold) or &lt;i&gt;Mdr1a/1b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; (3-fold) mice. Unexpectedly, although CYP3A and P-gp collaborated extremely efficiently in lowering docetaxel exposure, their individual efficacy was not dependent on activity of the other protein. On reflection, this absence of functional synergism makes biological sense, as synergism would conflict with a robust detoxification defense. Importantly, the disproportionate increase in docetaxel exposure in &lt;i&gt;Cyp3a/Mdr1a/1b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice resulted in dramatically altered and lethal toxicity, with severe intestinal lesions as a major cause of death. Simultaneous inhibition of CYP3A/P-gp might thus be a highly effective strategy to improve oral drug bioavailability but with serious risks when applied to drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):8996–9002]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nanoscale growth of silver on prepatterned hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surfaces (2000)

Silver (Ag) growth on H-terminated Si(001) surfaces with prepatterns of silicon (Si) dangling bonds has been studied at room temperature using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The patterns were fabricated by extraction of hydrogen (H) atoms from a H-terminated Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface with a STM tip. The study covers four different patterns: growth on H-terminated Si(001) surfaces with (1) an isolated single dangling bond site, (2) a dangling bond wire $(\ensuremath{\sim}1$ nm wide), (3) a dangling bond area $(20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}20$ ${\mathrm{nm}}^{2}),$ and (4) a dangling bond array. Ag adatoms readily diffuse on the surface and preferentially stick to patterns of dangling bonds. Ag adatoms are not spontaneously substituted for H atoms around the Ag adsorption sites. The behavior of Ag growth is different in each case. An isolated single dangling bond site can be occupied by an isolated single Ag atom or a Ag cluster. The dangling bond wire is covered by an Ag island of 1 monolayer (ML) in height. On the dangling bond area, Ag atoms preferentially stick to the edge of the area and a Ag island 1 ML in height grows in the direction perpendicular to the dimer rows. The behavior of each growth pattern is explained by the difference in binding energy of diffusing adatoms on H-terminated areas and Si dangling bond sites.
Divergent Patterns of Pulmonary Gas Transfer During Exercise Right Heart Catheterization in Overt and Exercise-Induced HFpEF Phenotypes (2021)

Introduction&#8213;Pulmonary gas transfer during exercise is impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This may be caused by a low alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (Dm), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), or both. Patients with advanced HFpEF (Ad-HFpEF) display congestion at rest (elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCWP, 15mmHg), whereas patients with early stage HFpEF display an elevated PCWP only during exercise (Ex-HFpEF, rest <15mmHg; exercise 25mmHg). Accordingly, this study examined exertional lung diffusing capacity in patients with Ad-HFpEF, Ex-HFpEF, and controls undergoing exercise right heart catheterization. Methods&#8213;Simultaneous measurements of cardiac output (Q), invasive hemodynamics (PCWPm), oxygen consumption (VO2) and lung diffusion were performed in 38 hemodynamically diagnosed HFpEF patients (20 Ad-HFpEF; 18 Ex-HFpEF) and 21 controls (no hemodynamic evidence of HFpEF) during each stage of an incremental cycling test (20W/3min until volitional exhaustion). Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) and its components, Dm and Vc, were determined using a double-diffusion re-breathe method, and the slope of DLco-Q, Dm-Q and Vc-Q during exercise was determined from pooled multi-point regressions for each subject, and used as an index of exertional pulmonary gas transfer reserve. Results&#8213;By definition, resting PCWP was higher in Ad-HFpEF than Ex-HFpEF and controls (213 vs 132 vs 83mmHg) while DLco was similarly depressed in both HFpEF groups (12.30.9 and 13.32.2ml/min/mmHg) compared with controls (17.02.0ml/min/mmHg, p<0.01). Peak power output and exercise PCWP were similar in Ad-HFpEF (733W; 302mmHg) and Ex-HFpEF (814W; 293mmHg), but higher and lower, respectively, in controls (1087W; 182mmHg, p<0.05). The slope of DLco-Q during exercise correlated with peak VO2 (R=0.403, p<0.01) and was blunted in Ad-HFpEF and Ex-HFpEF compared with controls (0.940.20 vs 1.660.14 vs 2.450.19, p<0.01). The blunted DLco-Q slope in Ad-HFpEF was driven by impairments in Dm and Vc compared with controls (slope of Dm-Q: 1.780.49 vs 4.830.35, p<0.01; slope of Vc-Q: 4.281.08 vs 7.641.25, p<0.01). In contrast the blunted DLco-Q slope in Ex-HFpEF was due to impairments in Dm only (slope of Dm-Q: 3.000.31, p<0.01 vs control) as Vc was preserved in this group (slope of Vc-Q: 8.021.01, p=0.81 vs control). Conclusion&#8213;Increases in pulmonary gas transfer during exercise are limited in both Ad-HFpEF and Ex-HFpEF, and this may contribute to exercise intolerance. Patients with advanced HFpEF display reduced capillary blood volume expansion during exercise, which may reflect more progressive capillary remodeling, suggesting that different therapeutic targets may be necessary to treat divergent forms of pulmonary gas transfer impairment in HFpEF.