gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-Label Use of Medical Devices in Children (2016)

Despite widespread therapeutic needs, the majority of medical and surgical devices used in children do not have approval or clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pediatric populations. The clinical need for devices to diagnose and treat diseases or conditions occurring in children has led to the widespread and necessary practice in pediatric medicine and surgery of using approved devices for "off-label" or "physician-directed" applications that are not included in FDA-approved labeling. This practice is common and often appropriate, even with the highest-risk (class III) devices. The legal and regulatory framework used by the FDA for devices is complex, and economic or market barriers to medical and surgical device development for children are significant. Given the need for pediatric medical and surgical devices and the challenges to pediatric device development, off-label use is a necessary and appropriate part of care. In addition, because of the relatively uncommon nature of pediatric conditions, FDA clearance or approval often requires other regulatory pathways (eg, Humanitarian Device Exemption), which can cause confusion among pediatricians and payers about whether a specific use, even of an approved device, is considered experimental. This policy statement describes the appropriateness of off-label use of devices in children; the use of devices approved or cleared through the FDA regulatory processes, including through the Humanitarian Device Exemption; and the important need to increase pediatric device labeling information for all devices and especially those that pose the highest risk to children.
Quantitative predictions of the mu(I) rheology in 2D and 3D granular column collapse: scaling laws and quasi-static vs. inertial regimes (2017)

International audience
Supplemental Figure 3 from Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Intrinsically Regulate CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Effects of T cell-selective A2AR deletion on thymocytes in B16F10 bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparative treatment of multiple vellus hair cysts with the 2940 nm Er:YAG and 1540 nm Er:Glass laser (2011)

Eruptive vellus hair cysts occur sporadically, hereditarily or in association with other diseases due to developmental anomalies of vellus hair follicles. Here, we report on a 41-year-old male with multiple vellus hair cysts of the forehead, who was successfully treated three times with a non-ablative, non-fractional 1540 nm Er:Glass laser on one side of his face, and with an ablative non-fractional 2940 nm Er:YAG laser on the other side, at intervals of 6-12 weeks. Over the whole treatment period of about 9 months, we could observe a marked reduction in the total number of cysts. The bigger and painful inflammatory cysts were reduced significantly. There was a slight tendency for better clinical outcome in the area in which the Er:YAG laser had been used. Clinical and histopathological findings, pathogenesis and treatment options are discussed with a review of the literature.
Deposition conditions and electrical properties of relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Fe1∕2Nb1∕2)O3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (2007)

Epitaxial lead iron niobate thin films with thicknesses of 50nm&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;500nm have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition. We have identified the deposition conditions that result in insulating layers. These critical conditions are essential to (i) prevent semiconducting resistivity characteristics, (ii) achieve higher induced polarizations of 70μC∕cm2 under E=190kV∕mm, and (iii) obtain remanent polarizations of 17.7μC∕cm2, coercive fields of 9.5kV∕mm, and dielectric constants of ∼1200 at room temperature.
The RXRα gene functions in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mouse cardiac morphogenesis (1998)

Germline mutation in mice of the retinoic acid receptor gene RXRalpha results in a proliferative failure of cardiomyocytes, which leads to an underdeveloped ventricular chamber and midgestation lethality. Mutation of the cell cycle regulator N-myc gene also leads to an apparently identical phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate by chimera analysis that the cardiomyocyte phenotype in RXRalpha-/- embryos is a non-cell-autonomous phenotype. In chimeric embryos made with embryonic stem cells lacking RXRalpha, cardiomyocytes deficient in RXRalpha develop normally and contribute to the ventricular chamber wall in a normal manner. Because the ventricular hypoplastic phenotype reemerges in highly chimeric embryos, we conclude that RXRalpha functions in a non-myocyte lineage of the heart to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and accumulation, in a manner that is quantitatively sensitive. We further show that RXRalpha is not epistatic to N-myc, and that RXRalpha and N-myc regulate convergent obligate pathways of cardiomyocyte maturation.
[Is there clinical evidence for the aging of the peripheral vestibular organ?]. (2000)

The ageing process of hearing is well known. Age-dependent normative data are established for pure tone audiometry. It seems logical to suppose that the peripheral vestibular system undergoes a similar ageing process. To support this hypothesis we investigated subjects aged 50-82 with presbyacusis demonstrated by pure tone audiometry. Asymmetry of the peripheral vestibular system was ruled out by symmetrical thermal excitation rate. Slow-phase velocity of nystagmus induced by rotating-chair stimulation was compared with pure tone audiometry. We found no significant correlation and thus our approach failed to bear out the hypothesis.
Strategy for selection of methods for separation of bioparticles from particle mixtures (2006)

The desired product of bioprocesses is often produced in particulate form, either as an inclusion body (IB) or as a crystal. Particle harvesting is then a crucial and attractive form of product recovery. Because the liquid phase often contains other bioparticles, such as cell debris, whole cells, particulate biocatalysts or particulate by-products, the recovery of product particles is a complex process. In most cases, the particulate product is purified using selective solubilization or extraction. However, if selective particle recovery is possible, the already high purity of the particles makes this downstream process more favorable. This work gives an overview of typical bioparticle mixtures that are encountered in industrial biotechnology and the various driving forces that may be used for particle-particle separation, such as the centrifugal force, the magnetic force, the electric force, and forces related to interfaces. By coupling these driving forces to the resisting forces, the limitations of using these driving forces with respect to particle size are calculated. It shows that centrifugation is not a general solution for particle-particle separation in biotechnology because the particle sizes of product and contaminating particles are often very small, thus, causing their settling velocities to be too low for efficient separation by centrifugation. Examples of such separation problems are the recovery of IBs or virus-like particles (VLPs) from (microbial) cell debris. In these cases, separation processes that use electrical forces or fluid-fluid interfaces show to have a large potential for particle-particle separation. These methods are not yet commonly applied for large-scale particle-particle separation in biotechnology and more research is required on the separation techniques and on particle characterization to facilitate successful application of these methods in industry.
Limits of anaerobic biodegradation (2002)

The main factors responsible for anaerobic recalcitrance are reviewed. Anaerobic recalcitrance is associated with hydrocarbons lacking functional groups, branched molecules (gasoline oxygenates), aromatic amines and aromatic sulfonates. The most recalcitrant compounds are high molecular weight nonhydrolyzable polymers such as plastic, lignin and humus, which cannot be taken up by cells. Recently new capabilities of anaerobic microorganisms have been discovered to degrade compounds previously considered to be recalcitrant. For example, anaerobic bacteria initiate the degradation of alkylbenzenes and alkanes with an unusual addition reaction with fumarate, forming a hydrocarbon-succinate adduct. Finally, new evidence indicates that the most recalcitrant compounds (humic substances) are not so inert and can play important roles in aiding the biodegradation of other compounds by serving as an electron acceptor or redox mediator.
Semisupervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images with spatial majority voting (2016)

Semisupervised learning is very useful for hyperspectral image classification, when the number of labeled samples is insufficient. In this paper, a simple selftraining method with spatial majority filtering is proposed to find unlabeled samples that can assist classifier training. It is based on the assumption that an unlabeled pixel, after initial classification, that has the same class label of neighboring pixels, is reliable. This results in majority voting (MV) based algorithm. The performance can be improved if the spectral similarity between a center and surrounding pixels is considered in weighted majority voting (MWV). Experiments with four real datasets confirm their effectiveness in improving classification accuracy when the number of labeled samples is very limited.
Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Particles (1991)

A variety of powerful techniques to control the position and velocity of neutral particles has been developed. As examples of this new ability, lasers have been used to construct a variety of traps, to cool atoms to temperatures below 3 x 10(-6) kelvin, and to create atomic fountains that may give us a hundredfold increase in the accuracy of atomic clocks. Bacteria can be held with laser traps while they are being viewed in an optical microscope, and organelles within a cell can be manipulated without puncturing the cell wall. Single molecules of DNA can now be stretched out and pinned down in a water solution with optical traps. These new capabilities may soon be applied to a wide variety of scientific questions as diverse as precision measurements of fundamental symmetries in physics and the study of biochemistry on a single molecule basis.
18O‐labeled nucleosides 3. Preparation and mass spectrometric evaluation of 18O2‐labeled ara‐C and ara‐U (1982)

Abstract A facile method for the preparation of 18 O labeled ara‐C and ara‐U is described. The method provides a means of incorporating 18 O specifically at the 2‐position of the nucleobase. The site and level of label was established using mass spectrometry.
Somatostatin binds to the human amyloid β peptide and favors the formation of distinct oligomers (2017)

The amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a key player in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), yet a systematic investigation of its molecular interactions has not been reported. Here we identified by quantitative mass spectrometry proteins in human brain extract that bind to oligomeric Aβ1-42 (oAβ1-42) and/or monomeric Aβ1-42 (mAβ1-42) baits. Remarkably, the cyclic neuroendocrine peptide somatostatin-14 (SST14) was observed to be the most selectively enriched oAβ1-42 binder. The binding interface comprises a central tryptophan within SST14 and the N-terminus of Aβ1-42. The presence of SST14 inhibited Aβ aggregation and masked the ability of several antibodies to detect Aβ. Notably, Aβ1-42, but not Aβ1-40, formed in the presence of SST14 oligomeric assemblies of 50 to 60 kDa that were visualized by gel electrophoresis, nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. These findings may be relevant for Aβ-directed diagnostics and may signify a role of SST14 in the etiology of AD.
Megawatt-class pulses from a solid-core fiber (2018)

International audience
Acoustic source localisation on a model engine jet with different nozzle configurations and wing installation (2016)

Jet-noise measurements have been performed in a large anechoic facility with a scaled engine model and a linear microphone array. A large number of configurations with dual stream hot and cold jets of different flow speeds, with and without flight stream simulation, and with and without wing installation have been investigated. The sound source distributions and their directivities in the axial directions have been analyzed using the SODIX method. Exemplary results for different configurations are presented and discussed, for example the changes to the sound field induced by the installation of a wing over the engine or the increase of nozzle sources and the reduction of jet noise caused by a serrated nozzle on the bypass.
IMPROVED COMPUTATIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE THERMAL NEUTRON SOURCE FOR NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI (2016)

Parameter studies, design calculations and initial neutronic performance measurements have been completed for a new thermal neutron beamline to be used for neutron capture therapy cell and small-animal radiobiology studies at the University of Missouri Research Reactor. The beamline features the use of single-crystal silicon and bismuth sections for neutron filtering and for reduction of incident gamma radiation. The computational models used for the final beam design and performance evaluation are based on coupled discrete-ordinates and Monte Carlo techniques that permit detailed modeling of the neutron transmission properties of the filtering crystals with very few approximations. This is essential for detailed dosimetric studies required for the anticipated research program.
Nanomembranes Based on Nickel Oxide and Germanium as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are now attracting great attention for applications in portable electronic devices and electrical vehicles, because of their high energy density, long cycle and great convenience. For new generations of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, they applied not only to consumer electronics but also especially to clean energy storage and hybrid electric vehicles. Therefore, further breakthroughs in electrode materials that open up a new important avenue are essential. Graphite, the most commonly used commercial anode material, has a limited reversible lithium intercalation capacity (372 mAh g-1). In this regard, tremendous efforts have been made towards even further improving high capacity, excellent rate capability, and cycling stability by developing advanced anode materials. This work focuses on the lithium storage properties of nickel oxide (NiO) and germanium (Ge) nanomembranes anodes mainly fabricated by electron-beam evaporation. Specifically, NiO is selected for conversion-type material because of high theoretical specific capacity of 718 mAh g-1 and easily obtained material. The resultant curved NiO nanomembranes anodes exhibit ultrafast power rate of 50 C (1 C = 718 mA g-1) and good capacity retention (721 mAh g-1, 1400 cycles). Remarkably, multifunctional Ni/NiO hybrid nanomembranes were further fabricated and investigated. Benefiting from the advantages of the intrinsic architecture and the electrochemical catalysis of metallic nickel, the hybrid Ni/NiO anodes could be tested at an ultrahigh rate of ~115 C. With Ge as active alloying-type material (1624 mAh g-1), the effect of the incorporated oxygen to the lithium storage properties of amorphous Ge nanomembranes is well studied. The oxygen-enabled Ge (GeOx) nanomembranes exhibit improved electrochemical properties of highly reversible capacity (1200 mAh g-1), and robust cycling performance.
A tail-sharing WFST composition algorithm for large vocabulary speech recognition (2003)

This paper presents an algorithm for approximating minimization in the context of the weighted finite-state transducers approach to large vocabulary speech recognition. The algorithm is designed for the integration of the lexicon with the language model and performs composition, determinization and pushing in one step. Furthermore, it uses tail-sharing in order to approximate minimization. Our results show that it is a good approximation to explicit minimization, with the added advantage that it can be used "on-the-fly" in a dynamic decoder.
Scanning performance of wide band connected arrays of dipoles (2009)

A prototype array of dual polarized connected dipoles has been manufactured. The feed structure is composed by two orthogonal 8times8 elements for each polarization (128). The operational frequency ranges from 6 to 9 Ghz (40% relative bandwidth). Preliminary measurement results are presented. The results are encouraging and perfectly matching simulations. However, the common mode excitation of the vertical feeding lines is significant when scanning towards wide angles.
Novel synthesis of [11C]GVG (Vigabatgrin) for pharmacokinetic studies of addiction treatment (2001)

We report here a novel synthetic route to prepare the precursor and to efficiently label GVG with C-11. 5-Bromo-3-(carbobenzyloxy)amino-1-pentene was synthesized in five steps from homoserine lactone. This was used in a two step radiosynthesis, displacement with [{sup 11}C]cyanide followed by acid hydrolysis to afford [{sup 11}C]GVG with high radiochemical yields (&gt; 35%, not optimized) and high specific activity (2-5 Ci/{micro}mol). The [{sup 11}C]cyanide trapping was achieved at {minus}5 C with a mixture of Kryptofix and K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} without using conventional aqueous trapping procedure [7]. At this temperature, the excess NH{sub 3} from the target that may interfere with the synthesis would not be trapped [8]. This procedure would be advantageous to any moisture sensitive radiosynthetic steps, as it was the case for our displacement reaction. When conventional aqueous trapping procedure was used, any trace amount of water left, even after prolonged heating, resulted in either no reaction or extremely low yields for the displacement reaction. The entire synthetic procedure should be extendible to the labeling of the pharmacologically active S- form of GVG when using S-homoserine lactone.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveal ATM Kinase-dependent Exchange in DNA Damage Response Complexes (2012)

ATM is a protein kinase that initiates a well-characterized signaling cascade in cells exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). However, the role for ATM in coordinating critical protein interactions and subsequent exchanges within DNA damage response (DDR) complexes is unknown. We combined SILAC-based tandem mass spectrometry and a subcellular fractionation protocol to interrogate the proteome of irradiated cells treated with or without the ATM kinase inhibitor KU55933. We developed an integrative network analysis to identify and prioritize proteins that were responsive to KU55933, specifically in chromatin, and that were also enriched for physical interactions with known DNA repair proteins. This analysis identified 53BP1 and annexin A1 (ANXA1) as strong candidates. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that the exchange of GFP-53BP1 in DDR complexes decreased with KU55933. Further, we found that ANXA1 knockdown sensitized cells to IR via a mechanism that was not potentiated by KU55933. Our study reveals a role for ATM kinase activity in the dynamic exchange of proteins in DDR complexes and identifies a role for ANXA1 in cellular radioprotection.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer (2013)

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is gradual and therefore, beyond careful monitoring, conventional treatments include radiation therapy, radical prostatectomy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and bisphosphonates based on the tumor Gleason scores and presence of metastatic disease. This chapter provides a comprehensive account on the complex role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and their potential for therapy highlighting PCa. The majority of research pertaining to interaction between MSC and the tumor cells and MSC-based cancer therapeutics comes from combining studies carried out in various epithelial and hematological cancers. The tumor microenvironment is composed of normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels that surround and feed a tumor cell. A tumor can change its microenvironment and the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows and spreads.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant in the Presence of Zr Metal Organic Framework MOF-808 (2019)

Developing novel and more efficient filters for chemical warfare agent (CWA) decomposition remains an important challenge for modern technology due to the continuous threat those weapons present in the event of use. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted attention as potential catalysts for nerve agent decomposition. However, in order to improve their performance under battlefield conditions, it is crucial to understand the influence of ambient contaminants such as carbon dioxide on CWA adsorption and decomposition. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and computational study on the influence of CO2 on the adsorption and decomposition of the CWA simulant dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) by the Zr-based MOF-808. The study combined in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with variable-temperature infrared spectroscopy (VTIR) and computations. PXRD and experiments with pure CO2 revealed that the MOF framework contracts by 0.2% after CO2 saturation and CO2 adsorbs within the MOF-808 framework via dispersion forces with an enthalpy of adsorption of −32.2 ± 1.8 kJ/mol. From five DRIFTS experiments conducted in various gas flow regimes we established that CO2 interferes with the decomposition of DMMP due to the formation of carbonate species, while if it is used as a regeneration agent, it accelerates the desorption of DMMP and DMMP decomposition products. In situ PXRD experiments showed that CO2 also limited expansion of the framework due to the formation of carbonate species by 40% in comparison to values in a control experiment with N2. The main conclusions of the computational study are (a) CO2 reversibly adsorbs onto MOF-808 via both μ3-OH groups located within the tetrahedral pores of the MOF and/or to the MOF surface with stabilizing dispersion interactions, (b) the presence of DMMP provides stability to the CO2–(μ3-OH) moiety, which hinders the μ3-OH transfer to the DMMP molecule required for the nerve-agent decomposition until the carbonyl to carbonate transformation is completed, and (c) CO2 molecules are not sufficient for the regeneration of the MOF when DMMP decomposition products are present but rather there is desorption of bound DMMP.