gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential use of a large-screen display for interpreting radiographic images (2006)

Radiology has readily made the transition to the digital reading room. One commodity left behind when moving to digital displays however is display real estate. Even with multiple monitors radiologists cannot display numerous images as they did on a film alternator. We evaluated a large-screen rear-projection display (Philips Electronics) for potential use in radiology. Resolution was 1920 x 1080 with a 44-inch diagonal size and it was a color display. For comparison we used the IBM 9 Mpixel color display (22-inch diagonal) set to a comparable resolution and maximum luminance. Diagnostic accuracy with a series of bone images with subtle fractures and six observers was comparable (F = 0.3170, p = 0.5743) to traditional computer monitor. Viewing time, however, was significantly shorter (t = 6.723, p < 0.0001) with the large display for both normal and fracture images. On average, readers sat significantly closer (t = 5.578, p = 0.0026) to the small display than the large display. Four of the 6 radiologists preferred the smaller display, judging it to yield a sharper image. Half of the readers thought the black level was better with the large display and half with the small display. Most of the radiologists thought the large-screen display has potential for use in conferencing situations or those in which multiple viewers need to see images simultaneously.
Two-dimensional asymmetrical Bragg diffraction for submicrometer computer tomography (2003)

With the advent of high brilliance, third generation synchrotron radiation sources, the spatial resolution of non-destructive X-ray tomographic investigations can be scaled down to the micrometer or even submicrometer range while the coherent nature of the radiation extends the traditional absorption imaging techniques towards edge-enhanced or phase-sensitive measurements. The performance of the presently used detectors is limited by scintillation properties, optical light coupling and charge coupled device granularity which impose a practical limit of about 1 micrometer spatial resolution with efficiencies of a few percent. We developed a detector called Bragg magnifier which exploits double asymmetrical Bragg diffraction from flat crystals to efficiently produce distortion- and aberrations-free X-ray images with magnification factors up to 150x150 and pixel sizes of less than 100x100nm<sup>2</sup>.
Tuning the Surface Electron Accumulation Layer of In2O3 by Adsorption of Molecular Electron Donors and Acceptors (2023)

In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> , an n-type semiconducting transparent transition metal oxide, possesses a surface electron accumulation layer (SEAL) resulting from downward surface band bending due to the presence of ubiquitous oxygen vacancies. Upon annealing In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> in ultrahigh vacuum or in the presence of oxygen, the SEAL can be enhanced or depleted, as governed by the resulting density of oxygen vacancies at the surface. In this work, an alternative route to tune the SEAL by adsorption of strong molecular electron donors (specifically here ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene dimer, [RuCp*mes]<sub>2</sub> ) and acceptors (here 2,2'-(1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-2,6-naphthalene-diylidene)bis-propanedinitrile, F<sub>6</sub> TCNNQ) is demonstrated. Starting from an electron-depleted In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> surface after annealing in oxygen, the deposition of [RuCp*mes]<sub>2</sub> restores the accumulation layer as a result of electron transfer from the donor molecules to In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> , as evidenced by the observation of (partially) filled conduction sub-bands near the Fermi level via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, indicating the formation of a 2D electron gas due to the SEAL. In contrast, when F<sub>6</sub> TCNNQ is deposited on a surface annealed without oxygen, the electron accumulation layer vanishes and an upward band bending is generated at the In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> surface due to electron depletion by the acceptor molecules. Hence, further opportunities to expand the application of In<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> in electronic devices are revealed.
Patterns of land-cover transitions from satellite imagery of the Brazilian Amazon (2016)

Abstract. Changes in land-use systems in tropical regions, including deforestation, are a key challenge for global sustainability because of their huge impacts on green-house gas emissions, local climate and biodiversity. However, the dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in regions of frontier expansion such as the Brazilian Amazon is not yet well understood because of the complex interplay of ecological and socio-economic drivers. In this paper, we combine Markov chain analysis and complex network methods to identify regimes of land-cover dynamics from land-cover maps (TerraClass) derived from high-resolution (30 m) satellite imagery. We estimate regional transition probabilities between different land-cover types and use clustering analysis and community detection algorithms on similarity networks to explore patterns of dominant land-cover transitions. We find that land-cover transition probabilities in the Brazilian Amazon are heterogeneous in space and adjacent subregions tend to be assigned to the same clusters. When focusing on transitions from single land-cover types, we uncover patterns that reflect major regional differences in land-cover dynamics. Our method is able to summarize regional patterns and thus complements studies performed at the local scale.
126 CHROMOSOME 9P21 LOCUS AND ANGIOGRAPHIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BURDEN: A COLLABORATIVE META-ANALYSIS (2013)

Background Chromosome 9p21 variants have been strongly associated with coronary heart disease in genome-wide association studies, but questions remain on the mechanism of risk, specifically whether the locus contributes to coronary atheroma burden or plaque instability. We investigated the relationship of 9p21 locus with (1) angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) burden and (2) myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with underlying CAD. Methods:We established a collaboration of 21 studies consisting of 33,673 subjects with information on both CAD (clinical or angiographic) and MI status along with 9p21 genotype. Tabular data were provided for each cohort on the presence and burden of angiographic CAD; MI cases with underlying CAD; and the diabetic status of all subjects. Results We first confirmed an association between 9p21 and CAD using angiographically defined cases and controls (pooled OR=1.31 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.43)). Among subjects with angiographic CAD (n=20,987), random-effects model identified an association with multi-vessel CAD, compared to those with single-vessel disease (OR=1.10 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.17) per copy of risk allele). Genotypic models showed an OR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.26) for heterozygous carrier and 1.23 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.39) for homozygous carrier. Finally, there was no significant association between 9p21 and prevalent MI when both cases (n=17 791) and controls (n=15 882) had underlying CAD (OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.03) per risk allele). Conclusions The 9p21 locus shows convincing association with greater burden of CAD, but not with MI in the presence of underlying CAD. This adds further weight to the hypothesis that 9p21 locus primarily mediates an atherosclerotic phenotype. Figure 1 Association between 9p21 and multi-vessel disease as compared with single-vessel disease (Analysed with allelic Model, D+L Overall=Random effect analysis, Bayesian Overall=Bayesian analysis).
Rescue Communicators for Global Victim Search and Local Rescue Planning (2006)

We are conducting research and development in technology for unifying the information of a large number of intelligent sensors distributed in a disaster-stricken area. Operating effectively as a system in real time, network household electric appliances, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a robot, etc. provided information and an action plan for a stricken area's situation. In this paper we introduce ubiquitous device "intelligent data carriers for rescue (IDC-R)" and formation of a dynamic network, and development of a means of disaster information communication (a group of people, a robot, an adhoc network, a home network, etc.). Target experiment for actual proof is also introduced
Macro- and semi-macroscopic features of the centerline segregation in CC slabs and their effect on product quality. (1984)

The effect of Electro Magnetic Stirring (EMS) and the soft reduction or the reduction of slab thickness by 0.8mm/m at near the crater end on the centerline segregation in CC slabs has been revealed by macroscopic and semi-macroscopic investigations of slabs and plates. The degree of the centerline segregation has been evaluated in two methods; a macroscopic one by use of sulfur prints and a semi-macroscopic one by use of an EPMA Macro Analyzer.It has been found that the centerline segregation is composed of interconnected semi-macro segregates the size of which is 300μm-3mm, being medium between the inter-dendritic micro segregation and the macro one such as the centerline, V and A segregations in ingots. In the slab cast with the soft reduction, the centerline segregation is narrow in thickness (TM=1.6mm) but high in segregation ratio (Pmax/P0=2.4), because the mutually interconnected segregates are distributed densely in the narrow thickness. Quite contrary to this, the centerline segregation in the slab cast with EMS is wide in thickness (TM=3.2mm) but low in segregation ratio (Pmax/P0=1.7) because the isolated globular semi-macro segregates are sparsely distributed in the wide thickness. Owing to these characteristics of the semi-macro segregates, the degree of the macroscopic centerline segregation visually measured from the sulfur prints is substantially improved by the application of EMS or the soft reduction. It has been estimated, however, by use of the measured values of TM and Pmax/P0 that the volume of the solute enriched liquid transported due to bulging to form the centerline segregation is not significantly influenced by EMS or the soft reduction.It has been revealed that the degree of the semi-macro segregation or the segregation ratio in the semi-macro segregates increases a little by EMS and substantially increases by the soft reduction. This phenomenon has been qualitatively explained by the effect of EMS and the soft reduction to decrease the volume of liquid steel which forms the segregates after mixed with the solute enriched liquid transported due to the bulging.The frequency of the occurrence of the Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) in plate has been correlated not to the degree of the macro segregation but to the degree of the semi-macro segregation. It has been also found that the less degree of the semi-macro segregation and, therefore, the improvement of the anti-HIC property of plates is performed by lowering the bulk concentration of phosphorus from 0.010 to 0.005% and the heat treatment of slab at 1250°C for 16hr.
Detection de SNP chez la caille : production d'un outil commum pour des programmes scientifiques multiples (2013)

Texte intégral sur CD ROM p:596-600 "Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-Access "<br/>Texte intégral sur CD ROM p:596-600"Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-Access "
Identifiability of Causal Effects in a Multi-Agent Causal Model. (2003)

This paper introduces an algorithm that investigates whether the effect of an intervention is identifiable from a multi-agent causal model. A multi-agent causal model consists of a collection of agents each having access to a nondisjoint subset of the variables constituting the domain. Every agent has a causal model, determined by nonexperimental data and an acyclic causal diagram over its variables. Since in some cases nonexperimental data can be explained by more than one causal model, the effect of an intervention can not necessarily be calculated. The algorithm under investigation in this paper tests whether the assumptions made in a causal model are sufficient to calculate the effect of an intervention (i.e. whether the effect of an intervention is identifiable). It is a distributed algorithm with a minimum amount of inter-agent communication concerning solely shared variables and where the local causal models of each agent are kept confidential.
Electrical conductivity and viscosity of borosilicate glasses and melts (2009)

<br/><br/><br/> Udgivelsesdato: June 2009
Skyworker: a robot for assembly, inspection and maintenance of large scale orbital facilities (2002)

Future space facilities that could power our planet and expand our horizons will differ vastly from the satellites and space stations familiar today. Characterized by their immense size and the difficulties of human construction in orbit, future space facilities will be assembled in part by robots. This paper profiles Skyworker, a prototype assembly, inspection, and maintenance (AIM) robot designed for large mass payload transport and assembly tasks. Skyworker is an attached mobile manipulator (AMM) capable of walking and working on the structure it is building.
Unlocking capacities of genomics for the COVID-19 response and future pandemics (2022)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomics and bioinformatics have emerged as essential public health tools. The genomic data acquired using these methods have supported the global health response, facilitated the development of testing methods and allowed the timely tracking of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Yet the virtually unlimited potential for rapid generation and analysis of genomic data is also coupled with unique technical, scientific and organizational challenges. Here, we discuss the application of genomic and computational methods for efficient data-driven COVID-19 response, the advantages of the democratization of viral sequencing around the world and the challenges associated with viral genome data collection and processing.
Leptospirosis-associated Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Salvador, Brazil (2008)

We report the emergence of leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (SPHS) in slum communities in Salvador, Brazil. Although active surveillance did not identify SPHS before 2003, 47 cases were identified from 2003 through 2005; the case-fatality rate was 74%. By 2005, SPHS caused 55% of the deaths due to leptospirosis.
Toward Fully Manufacturable, Fiber Assembly–Based Concurrent Multimodal and Multifunctional Sensors for e‐Textiles (2018)

Abstract Soft polymer‐based sensors as an integral part of textile structures have attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest recently because of their potential use in healthcare, security systems, and other areas. While electronic sensing functionalities can be incorporated into textiles at one or more of the hierarchical levels of molecules, fibers, yarns, or fabrics, arguably a more practical and inconspicuous means to introduce the desired electrical characteristics is at the fiber level, using processes that are compatible to textiles. Here, a prototype multimodal and multifunctional sensor array formed within a woven fabric structure using bicomponent fibers with ordered insulating and conducting segments is reported. The multifunctional characteristics of the sensors are successfully demonstrated by measuring tactile, tensile, and shear deformations, as well as wetness and biopotential. While the unobtrusive integration of sensing capabilities offers possibilities to preserve all desirable textile qualities, this scaled‐up fiber‐based approach demonstrates the potential for scalable and facile manufacturability of practical e‐textile products using low‐cost roll‐to‐roll processing of large‐area flexible sensor systems and can be remarkably effective in advancing the field of e‐textiles.
Effect of oxidation on abrasive wear behaviour of titanium carbide based composites in silica medium; pp. 264–272 (2010)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of oxidation on the behaviour of TiC-based cermets with Ni-Mo binder under low intensity wear conditions in silica sand medium. Three types of material performance maps were constructed: oxidation rate map, wear rate map and map showing the effect of oxidation on wear. Discussion on the performance of cermets is based on oxidation, wear, SEM, EDS and XRD results. It is shown that cermets behaviour is highly influenced by microstructure (Ni, Mo content and Ni:Mo ratio) and oxidation kinetic. The paper should facilitate the optimization of TiC-Mo2C-Ni cermets selection for room and high temperature wear applications.
Parametrization of the local scattering function estimator for vehicular-to-vehicular channels (2009)

Abstract—Non wide-sense stationary (WSS) uncorrelatedscatterering (US) fading processes are observed in vehicular communications. To estimate such a process under additive white Gaussian noise we use the local scattering function (LSF). In this paper we present an optimal parametrization of the multitaperbased LSF estimator. We do this by quantizing the mean square error (MSE). For that purpose we use the structure of a twodimensional Wiener filter and optimize the parameters of the estimator to obtain the minimum MSE (MMSE). We split the observed fading process in WSS regions and analyze the influence of the estimator parameters on the MMSE under different lengths of the stationarity regions and signal-to-noise ratio values. The analysis is performed considering three different scenarios representing different scattering properties. We show that there is an optimal combination of estimator parameters for different lengths of stationarity region and signal-to-noise ratio values which provides a minimum MMSE. I.
Free-form optics for Fresnel-lens-based photovoltaic concentrators (2013)

The Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) promise relies upon the use of high-efficiency triple-junction solar cells (with proven efficiencies of over 44%) and upon high-performance optics that allow for high concentration concurrent with relaxed manufacturing tolerances (all key elements for low-cost mass production). Additionally, uniform illumination is highly desirable for efficiency and reliability reasons. All of these features have to be achieved with inexpensive optics containing only a few (in general no more than 2) optical elements. In this paper we show that the degrees of freedom using free-forms allow the introduction of multiple functionalities required for CPV with just 2 optical elements, one of which is a Fresnel lens.
Supplementary Table 2 from An Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicts Resistance to EGFR and PI3K Inhibitors and Identifies Axl as a Therapeutic Target for Overcoming EGFR Inhibitor Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 51K, EMT status of commonly mutated genes in NSCLC&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular sieving through S layers of Bacillus stearothermophilus strains (1987)

The permeability properties and the exclusion limits of the crystalline surface layers (S layers) of two selected strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus were investigated. Measurements were performed of passive solute uptake into the intracellular space of native or glutaraldehyde-treated sacculi. Native sacculi were prepared from whole cells by extracting the cytoplasmic membrane with Triton X-100 under conditions which preserved the integrity of the S layer and the peptidoglycan-containing layer. The permeability barrier was found to consist of three adjacent layers, namely, the S layer, the peptidoglycan-containing layer, and an incomplete S layer attached to the inner face of the peptidoglycan-containing layer. In glutaraldehyde-treated sacculi the peptidoglycan was digested after stabilizing the S-layer lattice by chemical cross-linking. The solutes selected for the uptake measurements were mannose, proteins, and dextrans of increasing molecular weights. The S layers of both strains allowed free passage for molecules with a molecular weight of up to 30,000 and showed sharp exclusion limits between molecular weights of 30,000 and 45,000, suggesting a limiting pore diameter of about 4.5 nm.
Respect des recommandations de prescription des examens biologiques et évaluation de leur impact sur le temps de passage aux urgences (2017)

L’examen clinique peut être complété par la réalisation d’examens biologiques. Aux urgences, l’accès simplifié aux examens biologiques aboutit à des prescriptions ne respectant pas les recommandations. L’objectif de notre travail a été d’évaluer la pertinence de la prescription des examens biologiques aux urgences en fonction de la situation clinique rencontrée. L’objectif secondaire a été d’évaluer leur impact sur le temps de passage. Étude observationnelle, rétrospective et monocentrique sur l’analyse de dossiers informatisés sur une période de quatre mois, et concernant les patients de plus de 18 ans orientés vers leur domicile après passage aux urgences pour les motifs d’admission suivants: crise d’asthme simple, colique néphrétique simple, cystite aiguë, pyélonéphrite aiguë simple, intoxication médicamenteuse volontaire aux benzodiazépines, ivresse, pneumopathie (Fine = 1), syncope réflexe, traumatisme crânien léger, premier épisode de crise convulsive. Au total, 409 patients ont été inclus dans l’étude. Parmi eux, 43 % ont bénéficié d’examens complémentaires biologiques adaptés à la situation clinique (de 0 % en cas de colique néphrétique à 89 % en cas de traumatisme crânien léger). Les praticiens de plus de cinq ans d’expérience ont moins respecté les recommandations de prise en charge (p = 0,02). La numération formule sanguine et la protéine C réactive ont été les examens non conformes les plus prescrits. Le temps de passage aux urgences était plus court en cas de prescription appropriée (30 [6–130] vs 170 [68–245] minutes; p < 0,001). Beaucoup d’examens biologiques prescrits n’étaient pas recommandés pour la prise en charge des situations cliniques rencontrées. La conséquence principale était une augmentation du temps de passage.
A Kissing Complex Together with a Stable Dimer Is Involved in the HIV-1Lai RNA Dimerization Process in Vitro (1996)

Retroviruses contain a dimeric RNA consisting of two identical molecules of genomic RNA. The interaction between the two monomers is thought to occur near their 5'ends. We previously identified a region upstream from the splice donor site, comprising an autocomplementary sequence, responsible for the formation of dimeric HIV-1Lai RNA [Muriaux, D., Girard, P.-M., Bonnet-Mathonire, B., & Paoletti, J.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270,8209-8216]. This region appeared to be confined within a putative stem-loop structure. Here we report an in vitro model under conditions of low inioc strength. Two dimers of RNA 77-402 were identified as a function of temperature, and a significant difference was found in their thermostability. Dimer D55, formed at 55 degrees Celsius, is more stable than dimer D37, formed at 37 degrees C. RNase probing experiments confirm the involvement of a stem-loop structure in the dimerization process. In the monomer, the free G257-CGCGC262 sequence forms a loop in the 240-280 region of RNA 77-402, whereas this sequence is engaged in base pairing when D55 and D37 dimers are formed. Our results show that the loop-loop interaction of the autocomplementary G257CGCGC262 sequence, though hydrogen bonding, is responsible for the formation of dimer D37 and strongly suggest that D37 is a "kissing" complex. In contrast, in dimer D55, all the nucleotides of the two hairpin stems, 243-254/264-277, are involved in a complete interstrand interaction.