gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIGCHI Social Impact Award Talk -- Designing for Low-Literate Users (2017)

About 800 million people in the world are completely non-literate and many are able to read only with great difficulty and effort. Even though mobile phone penetration is growing very fast, people with low levels of literacy have been found to avoid complex functions, and primarily use mobile phones for voice communication only. "Text-Free UIs" are design principles and recommendations for computer-human interfaces that would allow a first-time, non-literate person, on first contact with a PC or a mobile phone, to immediately realize useful interaction with minimal or no external assistance. Through an ethnographic design and iterative prototyping process involving hundreds of hours spent in the field among low-income, low-literate communities across rural and urban India, the Philippines and South Africa, we established design principles that use combinations of voice, video and graphics. We have applied these principles across several application domains, including job-search for domestic workers, health-information dissemination, map navigation, mobile money transfer, agriculture video search, and social networking for farmers. Rigorous user evaluations confirm that our non-textual designs are strongly preferred over standard text-based interfaces, and that first-time, non-literate users are, in fact, able to navigate through our UIs meaningfully.
Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Nanocellulose: Structure and Chemical Process (2014)

Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex biopolymer that is primary composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The presence of cellulose in biomass is able to depolymerise into nanodimension biomaterial, with exceptional mechanical properties for biocomposites, pharmaceutical carriers, and electronic substrate's application. However, the entangled biomass ultrastructure consists of inherent properties, such as strong lignin layers, low cellulose accessibility to chemicals, and high cellulose crystallinity, which inhibit the digestibility of the biomass for cellulose extraction. This situation offers both challenges and promises for the biomass biorefinery development to utilize the cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, multistep biorefinery processes are necessary to ensure the deconstruction of noncellulosic content in lignocellulosic biomass, while maintaining cellulose product for further hydrolysis into nanocellulose material. In this review, we discuss the molecular structure basis for biomass recalcitrance, reengineering process of lignocellulosic biomass into nanocellulose via chemical, and novel catalytic approaches. Furthermore, review on catalyst design to overcome key barriers regarding the natural resistance of biomass will be presented herein.
A MASH modulator with digital correction for amplifier finite gain effects and C-ratio matching errors (2002)

An alternative approach to remove the effects of amplifier finite gain and C-ratio mismatches encountered in a MASH delta-sigma modulator is presented. By adding a digital correction term to the output of the digital noise cancelation filter, the parasitic quantization noise terms can be removed for all but the final stage, eliminating the lower-order quantization noise terms due to non-ideal integrators. Using this technique, the MASH can approach the performance of an ideal 3/sup rd/ order modulator. We have confirmed an SNR+THD of 105.6 dB via a behavioral simulation of the MASH using an amplifier open-loop gain of only 500 and capacitor matching errors as large as of 1.0%.
SU‐GG‐J‐196: Vascular Occlusion by Acoustically Vaporized Droplets for Potential Targeted Enhancement of Thermal Therapies (2008)

Purpose: Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) of perfluorocarbon droplets with boiling points below ambient temperature shows promise for spatially and temporally targeted vascular occlusion. Vascular occlusion of a tumor or other target tissue can decrease the local heat dissipation relative to adjacent normal tissues during less directed or slow thermal therapies, such as RF or ultrasonic ablation. Also, encapsulated drugs can be released with the occluding bubbles into the target tissues. Method and Materials: In six canines, in vivo gray scale imaging and color flow and pulse wave (PW) Doppler imaging were employed with low concentration droplet injections to identify exteriorized target arteries or tissues, avoiding major adjacent veins. Short tone bursts at 3.5 MHz with 0.25% duty cycle were used during bolus passage to vaporize droplets with concentrations comparable to clinical ultrasound contrast agent recommendations. Studies included multiple intracardiac (IC) and intravenous (IV) injections, the latter with lipid, rather than albumin, shell. Results: Bubble production by ADV in arteries or tissues is easily visible in gray scale images. Both IC and IV injections repeatedly produced ADV at will in the renal or segmental artery, each injection and ADV generating vascular occlusion as seen by gray scale and Doppler imaging. Mean cortex occlusion was ∼85% by colored microspheres in the targeted kidney or renal pole with an ∼10 min half life per droplet dose. Cardiopulmonary symptoms occurred in some IC injections. ADV was successful in a canine prostate using an intercavitary imaging array for ADV and targeting. Conclusion: Keys to the new, consistent success with both IC and IV injections include adequate concentrations of droplets, use of frequencies with ADV threshold well below those for cavitation, and reliable targeting. Conflict of Interest: This work was supported in part by NIH RO1EB00281.
Hydrogel nanoparticle based immunoassay (2023)

An immunoassay device incorporating porous polymeric capture nanoparticles within either the sample collection vessel or pre-impregnated into a porous substratum within fluid flow path of the analytical device is presented. This incorporation of capture particles within the immunoassay device improves sensitivity while removing the requirement for pre-processing of samples prior to loading the immunoassay device. A preferred embodiment is coreshell bait containing capture nanoparticles which perform three functions in one step, in solution: a) molecular size sieving, b) target analyte sequestration and concentration, and c) protection from degradation. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles may be made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. This device is useful for point of care diagnostic assays for biomedical applications and as field deployable assays for environmental, pathogen and chemical or biological threat identification.
A mobile augmented reality assistive technology for the elderly (2015)

Modern technology offers many facilities, but elderly people are often unable to enjoy them fully because they feel discouraged or intimidated by modern devices, and hus become progressively isolated in a society where Internet communication and ICT knowledge are essential. In this paper we present a study performed during the Nacodeal Project, which aims to offer a technological solution that may improve elderly people's every day autonomy and life quality through the integration of ICTs. In order to achieve this goal, state-of-art Augmented Reality technology was developed along with carefully designed Internet services and interfaces for mobile devices. Such technology only requires the infrastructure which already exists in most residences and health-care centres. We present the design of a prototypical system consisting of a tablet and a wearable AR system, and the evaluation of its impact on the social interaction of its users as well its acceptance and usability. This evaluation was performed, through focus groups and individual pilot tests, on 48 participants that included elderly people, caregivers and experts. Their feedback leads us to the conclusion that there are significant benefits to be gained and much interest among the elderly in assistive AR-based ICTs, particularly in relation to the communication and autonomy that they may provide. Las posibilidades que ofrecen las tecnologías son muchas, sin embargo, las personas mayores son a menudo incapaces de disfrutar de ellas plenamente, sintiéndose desanimadas o intimidadas por estos nuevos dispositivos. Esto les lleva a un progresivo aislamiento en una sociedad donde es esencial conocer las distintas formas de comunicación a través de Internet y las TIC. En este trabajo presentamos un estudio realizado durante el proyecto Nacodeal, cuyo objetivo es ofrecer una solución tecnológica para proporcionar autonomía y una mejor calidad de vida para las personas mayores durante sus actividades diarias mediante la integración de las TIC. Para lograr este objetivo se ha desarrollado tecnología puntera en realidad aumentada (RA), así como servicios de Internet e interfaces para dispositivos móviles especialmente diseñados para personas mayores. Estas tecnologías emplean la infraestructura presente en la mayoría de casas y centros de cuidados de mayores. Presentamos un prototipo de sistema compuesto por una tableta y un dispositivo de RA portátil, así como el análisis del impacto social en la interacción con usuarios y la valoración de la aceptación y usabilidad. Esta evaluación se llevó a cabo a través de grupos focales y pruebas piloto individuales con 48 participantes: ancianos, cuidadores y expertos. Sus comentarios concluyen que existen fuertes beneficios e intereses por parte de las personas mayores en las TIC asistenciales basadas en RA, especialmente en los aspectos relacionados con la comunicación y autonomía.
The Synthesis of Some Perhydrobenzimidazolinium Salts and Their Application in Pd-Carbene Catalyzed Heck and Suzuki Reactions (2009)

Novel 1,3-dialkylperhydrobenzimidazolinium chloride salts were prepared as precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes 3a-e by reacting N,N'-dialkylcyclohexandiamine, triethyl orthoformate and ammonium chloride. The salts were characterized spectroscopically and the complexes formed in situ from Pd(OAc)2 and 3 have been tested as catalysts in homogenous Heck and Suzuki reactions.
Acceptable delays in switching between primary and secondary light sources in distributed lighting (1999)

This report reviewed evidence concerning acceptable delays in switching between a primary and a secondary light source in distributed lighting. The specific question posed was as follows: The industry considers a delay of 100 ms technically achievable, but is it acceptable from the human factors point of view? The evidence considered included consequences for the quality of driver performance and possible startle effects. In discussing the quality of driver performance, the following aspects were considered: eyeblinks, voluntary occlusions of vision during driving, fixations away from straight ahead (on rearview mirrors, vehicle controls and displays, and navigation systems), head movements when checking traffic in the blind spots, and time-to-collision and time-to-lanecrossing measures. Possible effects of different implementations of the secondary light source (high-intensity discharge and incandescent) were also briefly discussed. Based on the available evidence concerning the quality of driver performance (excluding startle effects), a delay of 100 ms or less is unlikely to create safety problems. Furthermore, although little evidence exists on the likelihood and nature of startle responses, it is unlikely that a delay of 100 ms or less will lead to major negative startle consequences.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF COBALT(II), NICKEL(II), AND COPPER(II) WITH A NEW MACROCYCLIC LIGAND INCORPORATING O4N4 HETEROATOMS. SYNTHETIC, SOLUTION, AND X‐RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES (1982)

Abstract Der 28‐gliedrige O 4 N 4 ‐Makrocyclus Lwird erstmalig durch Kondensation von 1,4‐ Bis‐[2‐for1ny1phenyl]‐1,4‐dioxabutan mit Ethylendiamin und anschließende Hydrie‐ 156 rung in 30proz. Ausb. synthetisiert.
Optical satellite images for co-seismic horizontal offsets estimate and fault trace mapping using Phase-corr technique (2010)

In this work is presented a new robust unwrapping-free phase correlation method, for retrieving the coseismic displacement field and the surface rupture fault-trace mapping using optical data. Phase-corr method does not need phase unwrapping and has been proved to be robust under a wide variety of circumstances. The method has been applied at two different test cases, Izmit (Turkey) and Kashmir (Pakistan) earthquakes, occurred on August 17, 1999, and October 8, 2005, respectively. We measured the near-field deformations exploiting two geometrically corrected IRS images with similar look angles in the case of Izmit earthquake, while the Kashmir earthquake coseismic displacement has been retrieved by ASTER data. The results show that Phase-corr method can be used for deriving the coseismic slip offsets due to a large earthquake (and to map its fault trace) using optical data from different sensors.
Comparison of gradient-recalled-echo and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences in intramedullary spinal lesions. (1989)

Nineteen consecutive patients with spinal intramedullary lesions were studied on a 1.5-T system to compare the quality of T2-weighted spin-echo and gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) pulse sequences. Direct comparisons were made in the sagittal and/or axial planes. Twenty-four studies were performed in the 19 patients. The gradient echoes were usually performed at 300/14 (TR/TE) with a flip angle of 10 degrees. Although no significant diagnostic differences were noted in the sagittal plane, there was a distinct anatomic advantage for GRE imaging over spin-echo imaging in the axial plane. This is believed to be the result of CSF time-of-flight effects in the slice-select direction, which are not compensated for by flow-compensating gradients on the spin-echo images, but which are insignificant in the GRE sequence used in this study. Pathology was seen equally well or better on GRE in 79% (19/24) of the sequences. In the other five cases, the spin-echo image showed a brighter intramedullary signal than that seen on GRE, although GRE showed the lesion in all cases. Our results indicate that properly optimized GRE imaging on a high-field-strength system can replace spin-echo imaging in the spine when intramedullary disease is suspected and that the benefits of GRE are most striking in the axial plane.
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Is Independent From Schwann Cell p75NTR Expression (2019)

Schwann cell reprogramming and differentiation are crucial prerequisites for neuronal regeneration and re-myelination to occur following injury to peripheral nerves. The neurotrophin receptor p75<sup>NTR</sup> has been identified as a positive modulator for Schwann cell myelination during development and implicated in promoting nerve regeneration after injury. However, most studies base this conclusion on results obtained from complete p75<sup>NTR</sup> knockout mouse models and cannot dissect the specific role of p75<sup>NTR</sup> expressed by Schwann cells. In this present study, a conditional knockout model selectively deleting p75<sup>NTR</sup> expression in Schwann cells was generated, where p75<sup>NTR</sup> expression is replaced with that of an mCherry reporter. Silencing of Schwann cell p75<sup>NTR</sup> expression was confirmed in the sciatic nerve <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, without altering axonal expression of p75<sup>NTR</sup>. No difference in sciatic nerve myelination during development or following sciatic nerve crush injury was observed, as determined by quantification of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fiber densities, myelinated axonal diameter and myelin thickness. However, the absence of Schwann cell p75<sup>NTR</sup> reduced motor nerve conduction velocity after crush injury. Our data indicate that the absence of Schwann cell p75<sup>NTR</sup> expression <i>in vivo</i> is not critical for axonal regrowth or remyelination following sciatic nerve crush injury, but does play a key role in functional recovery. Overall, this represents the first step in redefining the role of p75<sup>NTR</sup> in the peripheral nervous system, suggesting that the Schwann cell-axon unit functions as a syncytium, with the previous published involvement of p75<sup>NTR</sup> in remyelination most likely depending on axonal/neuronal p75<sup>NTR</sup> and/or mutual glial-axonal interactions.
An update of the mutation spectrum of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) in autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (2000)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, causing progressive weakness of the limbs and trunk, followed by muscle atrophy. SMA is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive diseases, with a carrier frequency of 1 in 50 and the most common genetic cause of childhood mortality. The phenotype is extremely variable, and patients have been classified in type I-III SMA based on age at onset and clinical course. All three types of SMA are caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1). There are two almost identical copies, SMN1 and SMN2, present on chromosome 5q13. Only homozygous absence of SMN1 is responsible for SMA, while homozygous absence of SMN2, found in about 5% of controls, has no clinical phenotype. Ninety-six percent of SMA patients display mutations in SMN1, while 4% are unlinked to 5q13. Of the 5q13-linked SMA patients, 96.4% show homozygous absence of SMN1 exons 7 and 8 or exon 7 only, whereas 3. 6% present a compound heterozygosity with a subtle mutation on one chromosome and a deletion/gene conversion on the other chromosome. Among the 23 different subtle mutations described so far, the Y272C missense mutation is the most frequent one, at 20%. Given this uniform mutation spectrum, direct molecular genetic testing is an easy and rapid analysis for most of the SMA patients. Direct testing of heterozygotes, while not trivial, is compromised by the presence of two SMN1 copies per chromosome in about 4% of individuals. The number of SMN2 copies modulates the SMA phenotype. Nevertheless, it should not be used for prediction of severity of the SMA.
Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms with Flow-Diverter Stents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017)

Given the not negligible rate of treatment-related complications, flow diversion for MCA aneurysms should be considered an alternative treatment when traditional treatment methods are not feasible. However, when performed in this select treatment group, high rates of aneurysm occlusion and protection against re-rupture can be achieved.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Allenylphosphonates, Phenylallenes, and Allenyl Esters:  Remarkable Salt Effect and Routes to Novel Benzofurans and Isocoumarins (2006)

Coupling reactions of allenylphosphonates (OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)CH=C=CRR' [R, R' = H (1a), R = H, R' = Me (1b), R = R' = Me (1c)] with aryl iodides, iodophenol, and iodobenzoic acid in the presence of palladium(II) acetate are investigated and compared with those of phenylallenes PhCH=C=CR2 [R = H (2a), Me (2b)] and allenyl esters EtO(2)CCH=C=CR(2) [R = H (2c), Me (2d)]. While 1b and 1c couple with different stereochemical outcomes using PhI in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2)/PPh(3)/K(2)CO(3) to give phenyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes, 1a does not undergo coupling but isomerizes to the acetylene (OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)CCMe (7). In the reaction of 1c with PhI, use of K(2)CO(3) affords the butadiene (Z)-(OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)CH=C(Ph)-C(Me)=CH(2) (12); in contrast, the use of Ag(2)CO(3) leads to the allene (OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)C(Ph)=C=CMe(2) (20), showing that these bases differ very significantly in their roles. The reaction of 1a with PhI or PhB(OH)2 in (t)he presence of Pd(OAc)2/CsF/DMF leads mainly to (E)-(OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)CH=C(Me)Ph (21) and (OCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)O)P(O)CH2-C(Ph)=CH(2) (22) and is thus a net 1,2-addition of Ph-H. Compound 1b reacts with iodophenol in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2)/PPh(3)/K(2)CO(3) to give a benzofuran that has a structure different from that obtained by using 1c under similar conditions. Treatment of 1a with iodophenol/Pd(OAc)(2)/CsF/DMF also gives a benzofuran whose structure is different from that obtained by using 2a under similar conditions. In the reaction with 2-iodobenzoic acid, 1a and 2c afford one type of isocoumarin, while 1b,c and 2a,b give a second type of isocoumarin. The structures of key compounds are established by X-ray crystallography. Utility of the phosphonate products in the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is demonstrated.
RF Fingerprinting Physical Objects for Anticounterfeiting Applications (2011)

Rendering typical RF identification (RFID) tags physically unique and hard to near-exactly replicate by complementing them with unique RF certificates of authenticity (RF-CoAs) can prove a valuable tool against counterfeiting. This paper introduces a new robust RFID system with enhanced hardware-enabled authentication and anticounterfeiting capabilities that relies on the near-field RF effects between a 5 × 5 antenna array and the uniquely modified substrate of the RF-CoAs. A microcontroller-enabled, low-power, and low-cost reader is used to accurately extract the near-field response (“RF fingerprint”) of the certificates meant to complement typical RFID tags in the 5-6-GHz frequency range. The RF characterization of all the reader's components, with an emphasis on the accuracy provided, has been performed. The state diagram of the fast and accurate reader operation is outlined. Rigorous performance and security test results are presented and verify the unique features of this technology.
Supplementary Table 4 from Tumor Immunobiological Differences in Prostate Cancer between African-American and European-American Men (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Tumor Immunobiological Differences in Prostate Cancer between African-American and European-American Men
Universal Signal Conditioning System for Amperometric Sensors (2012)

In this article the research for developing whole-cell biochips has been presented using both bioluminescent and electrochemical methods. The research was on integrating an electrode cell with both electrochemical and bioluminescent detection using a single VLSI chip. The authors have investigated the signal conditioning system that can work with any kind of amperometric and bioluminescent sensor. During this research the authors focused on the analog front-end unit. The work includes investigating the electronic model for simulation for an electrochemical cell and conceiving a fully integrated 8X8 electrochemical sensor array. The authors are focusing on signal conditioning system and its functionality. The main concern for the authors was to maintain the complexity and the number of electronic devices as low as possible.