gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIFE: Life Investigation For EnceladusA Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life (2012)

Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10 μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission.
Bluetooth enabled electroencephalograph (EEG) platform (2013)

A design for a modular, compact, and accurate wireless electroencephalograph (EEG) system is proposed. EEG is the only non-invasive measure for neuronal function of the brain. Using a number of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques, this neuronal function can be acquired and processed into meaningful representations of brain activity. The system described here utilizes a number of circuits and systems which can be connected to wirelessly transmit digitized brainwaves via Bluetooth for an end application use. In this way, the system is portable, and modular in terms of the device to which it can interface. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) has become a popular extension of EEG systems in modern research. This design serves as a platform for applications using BCI capability.
Chlorodiphenylphosphine (2001)

[1079-66-9] C12H10ClP (MW 220.64) InChI = 1S/C12H10ClP/c13-14(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H InChIKey = XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (mild reagent for the halogenation of alcohols,1 conversion of vicinal diols to alkenes,2 transformation of sulfoxides to thioesters,3 and formation of phosphines4) Physical Data: bp 320 °C; d 1.229 g cm−3. Form Supplied in: light-yellow liquid; widely available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: handle only in a chemical fume hood, wear respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, and safety goggles; do not breathe vapor, and avoid contact with eyes or skin. The compound is a corrosive lachrymator. It reacts violently with water to generate hydrogen chloride gas. It may be fatal if inhaled. See the material safety data sheet for first aid procedures.
Identification and phylogenetic characterization of Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from squids (Todarodes pacificus) from East Sea, Republic of Korea (2018)

In the current study, a total of 102 common Todarodes pacificus squid caught in the East Sea were investigated for parasitological research. The results revealed that 33 (32.35%) out of 102 squid were infected by Nybelinia surmenicola, the mean intensity was 5.58 parasites per squid, and the maximum abundance was 11. Morphological analysis using a field emission scanning electron microscope showed the characteristic features of N. surmenicola. Molecular identification based on the 28S rRNA gene confirmed the isolated parasite as N. surmenicola, while phylogenetic analysis revealed that N. surmenicola isolated in this study was clustered with N. surmenicola isolated from Japan. This is the first report of phylogenetic characterization of N. surmenicola isolated from Korea.
Extrapyramidal Signs Before and After Diagnosis of Incident Alzheimer Disease in a Prospective Population Study (2009)

Extrapyramidal signs occur frequently and progress significantly in AD. Patients with incident AD and concomitant EPSs have a greater rate of cognitive decline than do patients with incident AD but without EPSs.
Synthesis of Highly Unsymmetrical Phthalocyanines (1999)

The synthesis of unsymmetrical sub-phthalocyanines and their ring enlargement to yield the highly unsymmetrical phthalocyanines is reported.
Monoclonal Antibodies and the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Shock (1991)

It has been 40 years since the first description of bacteremia due to gram-negative rods appeared.1 It has always been assumed that the endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) of gram-negative bacteria were responsible for the clinical manifestations of infections caused by these bacteria. This view was based on the observation that many of the characteristics of the infections could be reproduced by the infusion of endotoxin in laboratory animals and humans.2 Since the 1960s, it has been well known that the seriousness of the underlying condition was one of the most important predictors of outcome for patients with gramnegative bacteremia. Furthermore, it is . . .
Ireland (1996)

Abstract This section provides information on the most significant features of government and politics in Ireland. These include data on state structure and offices, parties, government constitutions, electoral and voting systems, and basic media materials on media, education, economic interest organisations and the budget.
Information Content Analysis in Automated Fluorescence Microscopy (2010)

Tematem dizertacni prace je automatizovana fluorescencni mikroskopie. Prace se zabýva zejmena algoritmy pro automatickou analýzu informace obsažene v obraze. Tento koncept zavadime jakožto zobecněni tradicnich postupů automatizovaneho ostřeni. Zminěne algoritmy slouži pro automatický výběr oblasti a nasledne snimani obrazů s vysokou informacni hodnotou (tedy takových, ktere obsahuji zajimave objekty), v nasem připadě ve fluorescencnim režimu. Důraz je kladen na přesnost a spolehlivost. S ohledem na fenomen znamý jako „photobleaching“ je i rychlost algoritmu klicova. Klasicke metody se obtižně vyrovnavaji zejmena s existenci vice rovin s vysokou hodnotou obrazove informace (rovin ostrosti), v nichž by měl být obraz sniman. To je způsobeno znacnou tlousťkou vzorku ci prostě jen tim, že vsechny objekty neleži ve stejne rovině. Pro konvencni režim (ve srovnani s konfokalnim režimem) dokonce ani nezname vhodnou funkci pro ohodnoceni informace obsažene v obraze, bez ohledu na pocet rovin s vysokou hodnotou obrazove informace. Celkově vzato, žadný z klasických přistupů neposkytuje uspokojive výsledky. V teto praci jsou tyto nedostatky popsany a demonstrovany na sadě přikladů. Prace poskytuje několik řeseni nalezených problemů a vylepseni existujicich přistupů. Za prve, navrhneme funkci pro ohodnoceni informace obsažene v obraze pro konvencni režim. Za druhe, vyvineme novou techniku pro detekci rovin s vysokou hodnotou obrazove informace, ktere casto nerozpozna ani lidske oko. Tato technika je založena na děleni obrazu. Za třeti, navrhneme adaptivni algoritmus, jehož cilem je urychleni detekce vice rovin s vysokou hodnotou obrazove informace. Prace rovněž poskytuje mnoho doporuceni pro výběr a nastaveni vhodných algoritmů a parametrů v nejrůznějsich podminkach. Metody navržene v teto praci se na dostupných testovacich datech ukazuji být lepsi než předchozi přistupy a jsou tedy velice slibne z hlediska praktickeho využiti.
Role of combination bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the management of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (2009)

The first in class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (B) received its initial regulatory approval for therapy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the relapsed/refractory setting. Modulation of proteasome function, however, is also a rational strategy for chemosensitization, and a variety of agents have shown synergistic activity with bortezomib pre-clinically, including anthracyclines. This formed the basis for evaluation of a regimen of bortezomib with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). PLD+B, in a phase I study, induced a predictable and manageable toxicity profile, and showed encouraging anti-MM activity. In a recent international, randomized phase III trial, PLD+B demonstrated a superior overall response rate and response quality compared to bortezomib alone, as well as a longer time to progression, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Sub-analyses revealed benefits in almost all clinically relevant subgroups, including several which would be considered to have high-risk disease. These findings have led to the establishment of the PLD+B regimen as one of the standards of care for patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma. Efforts are now underway to build on this combination further by adding other active anti-myeloma agents. In this review, we will discuss the role of PLD+B as an important addition to our therapeutic armamentarium for patients with MM.
Supplementary Table 4 from Tumor Suppressor Activity of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α Is Epigenetically Down-regulated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Tumor Suppressor Activity of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α Is Epigenetically Down-regulated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Supplementary Figure 5 from Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Equilibrium dissociation constants of anti-CD69 Abs clone CD69.2.2 and H1.2F3.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical Sensor for Amine Vapors Based on Dimer−Monomer Equilibrium of Indium(III) Octaethylporphyrin in a Polymeric Film (2002)

A novel transduction chemistry for the development of a polymer film-based optical sensor that responds reversibly to gas-phase amine species at sub-ppm levels is described. The sensor is based on the equilibrium of a indium(III) octaethylporphyrin hydroxide ion-bridged dimer species with corresponding monomeric porphyrins within a thin poly(vinyl chloride) film as a function of the level of volatile amine in the surrounding gas phase. The presence of amines causes the dimeric species to be converted to monomer via the ligation of the amine with the In(III) center of the porphyrin structure. This yields a significant change in the visible absorption spectrum of the film, with a decrease in the intensity of the Soret band corresponding to the dimer (lambdamax = 390 nm) and a concomitant increase in the Soret band for the monomer lambdamax = 406-408 nm). Response to different amines is based on their relative partition coefficient into the polymer film and their strength of axial ligation reactions, with a selectivity pattern of 1-butylamine > 1-propylamine > pyridine > triethylamine > ethylamine > methylamine > diethylamine > tert-butylamine > ammonia. It is further shown that a significant concentration of dimeric species within the polymer film can only be achieved if appropriate amounts of lipophilic anionic sites are also incorporated into the polymer in the form of a tetraphenylborate derivative and the resulting film is equilibrated briefly with water prior to gas-phase measurements. With optimized film compositions, 1-butylamine can be detected in the gas phase to levels approaching 0.1 ppm, while less lipophilic ammonia can be monitored down to 10 ppm, with fully reversible responses to each species. A simple mathematical model for the response of the amine sensor is presented and shown to predict the optical behavior observed.
Hierarchical visual description schemes for still images and video sequences (1999)

This paper proposes two description schemes (DSs) to describe the visual information of an audio-visual (AV) document. The first one, is devoted to still images. It describes the image visual appearance and its structure with regions as well as its semantic content in terms of objects. The second DS is devoted to video sequences. It describes the sequence structure as well as its semantic content in terms of events. Features such as motion, camera activity, etc. are included in this DS. Moreover, it involves static visual representations such as key-frames, background mosaics and key-regions. These elements are considered as still images and are described by the first DS.
Concluding reflections (2017)

In this concluding reflections, the authors would like to draw attention to some cross-cutting themes that emerge from the chapters of this book, and especially to its much maligned concern with 'experience'. Jean Gerson as stating that mystical theology is acquired through the 'school of the affect' and Kallistos Ware quoted Origen in support of his contention that affect & particularly the affect of human suffering – finds a place within the transcendent life of God. Brown suggests that the cathedral points beyond itself – to the God revealed in Jesus Christ – and in this sense it serves the purpose of mystical theology to which Louth refers – presenting to readers the love of God as something to which they must respond, and with which they will want to be assimilated. Brown emphasises Durham Cathedral as a place of prayer, and illustrates this with people's experiences of prayer, at least some of which were both surprising and unexpected.
Piroxicam fast-dissolving dosage form vs diclofenac sodium in the treatment of acute renal colic: a double-blind controlled trial. (1998)

Piroxicam FDDF is as effective as parenteral diclofenac in emergency renal colic treatment. Furthermore, its ease of self-administration increases patient compliance and potential use in general practice.
Lift alleviation in travelling vortical gusts (2023)

Abstract Lift alleviation by a mini-spoiler on aerofoils, unswept and swept wings encountering an isolated counter-clockwise vortical gust was investigated by means of force and velocity measurements. The flow separation region behind the spoiler remains little affected during the gust encounter. The maximum lift reduction is found for the static stall angle of attack. The change in the maximum lift during the gust encounter is approximately equal to that in steady freestream. The comparison with plunging aerofoils reveals that, for the same maximum gust and plunge velocity, the effectiveness of the mini-spoiler is much better in travelling gusts. This reveals the importance of the streamwise length scale of the incident gust. For the unswept wing, there is some three-dimensionality of the flow separation induced by the mini-spoiler near the wing tip. The magnitude of the lift reduction can be estimated using the aerofoil data and by making an aspect ratio correction for the reduced effective angle of attack. For the swept wing, the mini-spoiler can disrupt the formation of a leading-edge vortex induced by the incident vortex on the clean wing and can still reduce the maximum lift.
On crystallisation and fracture toughness of poly(phenylene sulphide) under tape placement conditions (2013)

Fibre reinforced thermoplastic tapes are subjected to high heating and cooling rates during the tape placement process. Such high cooling rates can significantly inhibit the crystallisation of the thermoplastic polymer and thereby affect its mechanical properties, such as strength or toughness. In the present work, the crystallisation of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) subjected to high cooling rates was investigated using a fast scanning calorimeter. The PPS was found to be unable to crystallise when subjected to cooling rates higher than 20°C s −1 . The influence of the degree of crystallinity on fracture toughness was investigated using an essential work of fracture approach. The amount of plastic work during the fracture process was found to decrease after moderate annealing.
Convolution Coding and Amplitude Attenuation-Based Full Waveform Inversion (2020)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful method to reconstruct the properties of the subsurface media. However, the standard FWI is a non-unique and ill-posed inversion problem, which requires proper techniques to avoid cycle skipping phenomena. Sufficient low-frequencies in the observed data and a good initial model are helpful to mitigate cycle skipping problem, but they are hard to be provided in real cases. Therefore, to reduce the non-linearity and improve the convergence of FWI, we developed a novel approach inspired by using the convolutional neural network to mitigate the cycle skipping problem. We use the 1-dimentional (1-D) convolution kernels of different lengths to convolve each seismic trace of the synthetic and observed data to extract the different features of each time sample, and then we use the Sigmoid function to encode each time sample of the synthetic and observed data according to the polarity of the features. By comparing the coding similarity for the time sample of the synthetic and observed data at the corresponding time, we can identify which part of the synthetic data is well matched with the observed data and which part is mismatched. For the mismatched synthetic data, we attenuate them to reduce their interference on the gradient, thereby the cycle skipping problem can be mitigated. In this case, we use the global-correlation misfit function which behaves better in mitigating the interference of the incorrect amplitude information and highlighting the phase information with weaker non-linearity. In addition, the convolution coding and amplitude attenuation-based method has a strong anti-noise capability and can be combined with the encoded multisource scheme to save the computational costs. Marmousi model tests demonstrate that convolution coding and amplitude attenuation-based FWI behaves better than the standard FWI in generating convergent inverted result.
Soil community assembly varies across body sizes in a tropical forest (2017)

ABSTRACT The relative influence of deterministic niche-based (i.e. abiotic conditions, biotic interactions) and stochastic-distance dependent neutral processes (i.e. demography, dispersal) in shaping communities has been extensively studied for various organisms, but is far less explored jointly across the tree of life, in particular in soil environments. Here, using a thorough DNA-based census of the whole soil biota in a large tropical forest plot, we show that soil aluminium, topography, and plant species identity are all important drivers of soil richness and community composition. Body size emerges as an important feature of the comparative ecology of the different taxa at the studied spatial scale, with microorganisms being more importantly controlled by environmental factors, while soil mesofauna rather display random spatial distribution. We infer that niche-based processes contribute differently to community assembly across trophic levels due to spatial scaling. Body size could hence help better quantifying important properties of multitrophic assemblages.
The Arabidopsis compact inflorescence genes: phase‐specific growth regulation and the determination of inflorescence architecture (2001)

During their life cycle, higher plants pass through a series of growth phases that are characterized by the production of morphologically distinct vegetative and reproductive organs and by different growth patterns. Three major phases have been described in Arabidopsis: juvenile vegetative, adult vegetative, and reproductive. In this report we describe a novel, phase-specific mutant in Arabidopsis, compact inflorescence (cif). The most apparent aspect of the cif phenotype is a strong reduction in the elongation of internodes in the inflorescence, resulting in the formation of a floral cluster at the apical end of all reproductive shoots. Elongation and expansion of adult vegetative rosette leaves are also compromised in mutant plants. The onset of the cif trait correlates closely with morphological changes marking the phase transition from juvenile to adult, and mutant plants produce normal flowers and are fully fertile. Hence the cif phenotype appears to be adult vegetative phase-specific. Histological sections of mutant inflorescence internodes indicate normal tissue specification, but reduced cell elongation compared to wild-type. compact inflorescence is inherited as a two-gene trait involving the action of a recessive and a dominant locus. These two cif genes appear to be key components of a growth regulatory pathway that is closely linked to phase change, and specifies critical aspects of plant growth and architecture including inflorescence internode length.
Thermal Stability and Thermal Transformations of Co2+- or Ni2+-Exchanged Zeolites A, X, and Y (2000)

The stability of Co2+- and Ni2+-exchanged zeolites strongly depends on the exchanged transition metal and the experimental conditions of the ion-exchange. An overexchange of both Co2+ and Ni2+ is observed with the zeolites A and X, enhanced at elevated temperatures. The interaction of the zeolite famework with acidic species formed during the exchange leads to structural damage. After the collapse of the zeolite frameworks during the calcination of the exchanged zeolites, the crystallization of CoAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 starts. During the calcination of Ni2+-exchanged zeolite A and X, NiO crystallizes prior to the formation of spinel and dissolves as the spinel crystallization starts. Depending on the zeolite precursor and the thermal conditions, SiO2 phases such as quartz or cristobalite are formed. The amounts of crystalline and amorphous phases vary with calcination temperature and time. The phase formation processes are dependent on the ion-exchange procedures and thermal treatments. By controlling these parameters, materials with well-defined properties are accessible.
Dependence of interleukin-1-induced arthritis on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (2001)

GM-CSF is involved in the IL-1-induced arthritis that follows mBSA injection; M-CSF involvement in the model is also suggested, since op/op mice did not develop arthritis. These studies provide the first in vivo evidence for a role of GM-CSF, and possibly M-CSF, in the proinflammatory actions of IL-1.