gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aplicación exitosa de un fluido de perforación densificado con ORIMATITA® en condiciones de alto caudal y alta densidad en el Norte de Monagas, Venezuela (2003)

La Barita, mineral constituido mayoritariamente por Sulfato de Bario, ha sido por muchos años el principal agente densificante usado por la industria de perforación de pozos de petróleo y/o gas. Es un hecho bien conocido que las reservas mundiales de este mineral han venido disminuyendo, mientras que la demanda internacional se ha incrementado notablemente[1]. Como opción para el reemplazo de este material se ha utilizado hematita natural. La principal barrera asociada al uso de la hematita y que ha impedido su masificación como densificante de fluidos de perforación, ha sido el fuerte efecto erosivo/abrasivo sobre los componentes metálicos y no metálicos del sistema de circulación del fluido en la superficie del taladro y las bombas, efecto extensible al ensamblaje de fondo: Measurement While Drilling (MWD), motores y turbinas.[2,3] Este efecto se incrementa sustancialmente cuando se opera a condiciones de alta densidad y caudal de fluido. \nTomando en cuenta, la existencia de grandes reservas de mineral de hierro (hematita natural) en Venezuela y la estrategia de promoción de Capital Local, de Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. Se inició en el año 1989, a través del Centro de Investigación y Apoyo Tecnológico de está (PDVSA-INTEVEP), un programa orientado a la búsqueda de soluciones técnicas a los problemas presentados por el uso de hematita, como densificante en los fluidos de perforación, con el objeto de aumentar su uso como densificante de fluidos de perforación. \nComo resultado de este programa se desarrolló la ORIMATITA®[4],*, la cual se diferencia de las hematitas convencionales en su composición mineralógica y, en especial, en la distribución del tamaño de partículas del producto.\nLas aplicaciones de ORIMATITA® (versión O48) realizadas en el Oriente de Venezuela durante el año 2000, mostraron, en algunos casos, problemas severos de erosión/abrasión en los equipos direccionales y en el sistema de bombeo de superficie. Específicamente durante la perforación de hoyos de 12¼ pulg, empleando fluidos con base en aceite de densidades entre 15,2 y 16,3 lbm/bbl y caudales entre 530 y 660 gpm. Este hecho condujo a PDVSA-INTEVEP a establecer un proyecto acelerado de investigación con el fin de determinar las causas y mecanismos del daño y las soluciones al problema.\nEn este estudio se muestran los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de una nueva versión de ORIMATITA®, en combinación con el aditivo INTOIL-P®* (reductor de desgaste), durante la perforación del hoyo de 12¼ pulg, en un pozo de la zona Oriental de Venezuela. Durante la prueba piloto no se presentaron evidencias anormales de erosión/abrasión en las herramientas direccionales, lográndose una corrida exitosa de 222,9 horas de perforación.
The neural basis of visual naming errors in Alzheimer's disease: A positron emission tomography study (1995)

Journal Article The neural basis of visual naming errors in Alzheimer's disease: A positron emission tomography study Get access K.A. Welsh, K.A. Welsh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Watson, M. Watson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.M. Hoffman, J.M. Hoffman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Lowe, V. Lowe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Earl, N. Earl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.C. Rubin D.C. Rubin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Volume 10, Issue 4, 1995, Page 403, https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/10.4.403 Published: 01 July 1995
Supplementary Figure 2 from Copy Number Aberrations of Genes Regulating Normal Thymus Development in Thymic Epithelial Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 3599K, Copy number aberrations of genes regulating normal thymus development overall in the 2 cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;
Electromodulated release of nitric oxide through polymer material from reservoir of inorganic nitrite salt (2012)

Herein, we report a new approach to electromodulate the release of NO at physiological levels through polymeric materials from a stable nitrite electrolyte reservoir, with potential application in controlling biofilm formation and clotting on intravascular catheters. The NO flux can be turned 'on' and 'off' electrochemically, on demand.
Structure of the vapor–liquid interface near the critical point (1993)

We measured the thicknesses of the vapor–liquid interfaces near the critical points of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and trifluoromethane (CHF3) using ellipsometry. The data (when scaled by the refractive index difference Δn and the correlation length ξ) are in agreement with other ellipticity data for binary and pseudobinary mixtures at low pressures. Fully constrained theories of the interface correctly predict the temperature dependence and scaling of the thickness but systematically overestimate the thickness itself by 15%–20%. The theory can be brought into agreement with experiment when an intrinsic interfacial stiffness is added to the theory. A novel feature of the present measurements is that the effects from pressure-induced window strain were measured and mitigated by using a cylindrically-symmetric pressure cell with floating seals.
Assessment of an ECG‐Based System for Localizing Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Structural Heart Disease (2021)

Background We have previously developed an intraprocedural automatic arrhythmia-origin localization (AAOL) system to identify idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia origins in real time using a 3-lead ECG. The objective was to assess the localization accuracy of ventricular tachycardia (VT) exit and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) origin sites in patients with structural heart disease using the AAOL system. Methods and Results In retrospective and prospective case series studies, a total of 42 patients who underwent VT/PVC ablation in the setting of structural heart disease were recruited at 2 different centers. The AAOL system combines 120-ms QRS integrals of 3 leads (III, V2, V6) with pace mapping to predict VT exit/PVC origin site and projects that site onto the patient-specific electroanatomic mapping surface. VT exit/PVC origin sites were clinically identified by activation mapping and/or pace mapping. The localization error of the VT exit/PVC origin site was assessed by the distance between the clinically identified site and the estimated site. In the retrospective study of 19 patients with structural heart disease, the AAOL system achieved a mean localization accuracy of 6.5±2.6 mm for 25 induced VTs. In the prospective study with 23 patients, mean localization accuracy was 5.9±2.6 mm for 26 VT exit and PVC origin sites. There was no difference in mean localization error in epicardial sites compared with endocardial sites using the AAOL system (6.0 versus 5.8 mm, <i>P</i>=0.895). Conclusions The AAOL system achieved accurate localization of VT exit/PVC origin sites in patients with structural heart disease; its performance is superior to current systems, and thus, it promises to have potential clinical utility.
Photochemically induced ischaemic lesion of the rat sciatic nerve. A novel method providing high incidence of mononeuropathy (1996)

The incidence of behavioural signs of mononeuropathy in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is unpredictable and often low. In the present study, an ischaemic lesion of the rat sciatic nerve was induced photochemically using a low power laser. In these rats tactile allodynia developed with a considerably greater incidence (95%) than in control rats subjected to CCI (45%). The allodynia lasted longer and was more prominent. Responses to thermal stimulation did not markedly differ between the two groups. The ischaemic lesions displayed marked degeneration, particularly of large myelinated fibres. The results suggest that laser irradiation of a peripheral nerve inducing a local photochemical reaction followed by Wallerian degeneration may be a convenient and reproducible experimental method of producing signs of peripheral mononeuropathy.
A Comparison of Three Techniques to Quantify Vascular Ingrowth into Dacron Velour (1988)

Three methods of evaluation of vascular ingrowth into treated and untreated Dacron velour were performed to compare the methods. Vascular casting, direct measurement, and stereology were compared based on their ability to quantitate ingrowth, the type of information obtainable, and the time required for data acquisition. Results show that with the methods used in this study vascular casting was not able to produce data indicative of the actual vascular ingrowth. Direct measurement and stereological measurements of histological slides were able to give hard data for comparing ingrowth. However, stereological measurements were easier and less time-consuming to perform. In addition, stereological measurements were able to reveal additional parameters quickly.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Nonylaminopyridine Derivatives as PPAR Ligands. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biothiols in Health and Disease (1995)

Thiols and Thiyl Radicals: Chemical and Biochemical Aspects Reactions of Thiyl Radicals, Peter Wardman Thiyl Radicals, Perthiyl Radicals, and Oxidative Reactions, Christian Schoneich Antioxidant Drug Design: A Comparison of Thiol and Perthiol Anti-Radical and Proxidant Mechanisms, Steven A. Everett Biothiyls: Their Free Radical Chemistry and Biological Significance, Janice A. DeGray and Ronald P. Mason Peroxynitrite Reactivity: Free Radical Generation, Thiol Oxidation and Biological Significance, Ohara Augusto and Rafael Radi Concerted Antioxidant Activity of Glutathione and Superoxide Dismutase, Christine C. Winterbourn Glutathione-Dependent Activation of Xenobiotics, M. W. Anders, Wolfang Dekant, and Spyridon Varnvakas Thiols and Oxidative Stress Strategies for Increasing Cellular Glutathione, Alton Meister Glutathione Synthesis in Oxidative Stress, Henry Jay Forman, Ruiming Liu, and Michael Ming Shi Sinusoidal Efflux of Hepatic GSH: Significance, Physiology, and Regulation, Neil Kaplowtiz, Murad Oookhtens, and Shelly Lu Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Donald J. Reed Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase: More than an Antioxidant Enzyme?, Matilde Maiorino, Antonella Roveri, Carlo Gregolin, and Fulvio Ursini Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Extracellular Glutathione and Related Thiols, Masayasou Inoue, Yukiko Minamiyama, Hidenori Yu, Seiichi Yamamasu, Keiko Inoue, and Eisuke Sato Glutathionyl Specificity of Thioltransferases: Mechanistic and Physiological Implications, John J. Mieyal, Stephen A. Gravina, Paul A. Mieyal, Usha Srinivasan, and David W. Starke -Lipoic Acid: Enzymology and Antioxidant Properties Lipoic Acid-Requiring Proteins: Recent Advances, Mulchand S. Patel and Nataraj N. Vettakkorumakankav Role of Lipoic Acid in the Glycine Cleavage System and Lipolyation of H-Protein, Yutaro Motokawa, Kazuko Fujiwara, and Kazukko Okamura-Ikeda -Lipoic Acid and N-Acetylcysteine: New Concepts for Old Drugs, Aalt Bast and Guido R.M.M. Haenen Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Lipoic Acid, Silvia Alvarez and Alberto Boveris Effects of Thiols on Cigarette Smoke-Induced Biomolecular Damage, Jason P. Eiserich, Charles A. O'Neill, Carroll E. Cross, Barry Halliwell, Abraham Z. Reznick, and Albert van der Vliet Regulation of Gene Expression by Lipoic Acid, Yuichiro Suzuki, Masashi Mizuno, Heinz Ulrich, and Lester Packer Therapeutic Effects of -Lipoic Acid on Diabetic Neuropathy, Dan Ziegler and F. A. Gries Antioxidant Properties and Clinical Implications of -Lipoic Acid, Lester Packer, Eric H. Witt, Hans Jurgen Tritschler, Klaus Wesse, and Heinz Ulrich
Photo-switchable ion and enzyme sensors. Photoinduced potentiometric response of glassy carbon electrode coated with polymer or polymer/enzyme dual membrane. (1989)

Photo-switchable ion and enzyme sensors were fabricated by the use of glassy carbon electrode coated with nonactindoped or enzyme modified poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes. The ion sensor with nonactin-doped PVC membrane, which contained spirobenzopyran as the photosensitive dye, exhibited a potentiometric photoresponse to NH4+ ion in the solution. The dynamic range of the NH4+ ion sensor was 10(-7)--10(-3) M. Urea, adenosine, and asparagine sensors were prepared by coating the surface of the NH4+-ion sensor with urease, adenosine deaminase, and asparaginase membranes, respectively. These enzyme sensors could be used for determining the substrates at the micro mole level. The performance characteristics of these sensors were compared with those previously prepared membrane electrode sensors.
Thermal Annealing Driven Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru Films (2023)

Spin-related effects discovered in ultrathin magnetic films generally have an interfacial nature. The quality of interfaces between a heavy metal and a ferromagnet is the main driver of surface anisotropy, antisymmetric exchange, chiral damping, spin Hall effect, and spin–orbit torques. To understand the physics and usage of these phenomena for future atomic-scale devices, one has to study systems with disordered interfaces and search there for novel practically desirable effects, which lie beyond the atomic order and surface flatness. Here, we report the interface-related effects in Ru/Co/W/Ru ultrathin films treated by thermal annealing in vacuum. The surface roughness and degree of atomic intermixing at Ru/Co and Co/W interfaces change with increasing annealing temperature up to 240 °C, promoting an enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (i-DMI). Further annealing at higher temperatures brings the interface deterioration and, consequently, a drastic degradation of the magnetic properties. Our first-principles calculations qualitatively support the experimental findings, providing an understanding of the i-DMI enhancement nature.
Self-supervised Learning of Image Embedding for Continuous Control (2019)

Operating directly from raw high dimensional sensory inputs like images is still a challenge for robotic control. Recently, Reinforcement Learning methods have been proposed to solve specific tasks end-to-end, from pixels to torques. However, these approaches assume the access to a specified reward which may require specialized instrumentation of the environment. Furthermore, the obtained policy and representations tend to be task specific and may not transfer well. In this work we investigate completely self-supervised learning of a general image embedding and control primitives, based on finding the shortest time to reach any state. We also introduce a new structure for the state-action value function that builds a connection between model-free and model-based methods, and improves the performance of the learning algorithm. We experimentally demonstrate these findings in three simulated robotic tasks.
Characterization and purification of neutrophil ecto-phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (1997)

Phosphatidic acid and its derivatives play potentially important roles as extracellular messengers in biological systems. An ecto-phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (ecto-PAPase) has been identified which effectively regulates neutrophil responses to exogenous phosphatidic acid by converting the substrate to diacylglycerol. The present study was undertaken to characterize this ecto-enzyme on intact cells and to isolate the enzyme from solubilized neutrophil extracts. In the absence of detergent, short chain phosphatidic acids were hydrolysed most effectively by neutrophil plasma membrane ecto-PAPase; both saturated and unsaturated long chain phosphatidic acids were relatively resistant to hydrolysis. Both long (C18:1) and short (C8) chain lyso-phosphatidic acids were hydrolysed at rates comparable with those observed for short chain (diC8) phosphatidic acid. Activity of the ecto-enzyme accounted for essentially all of the N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive, Mg2+-independent PAPase activity recovered from disrupted neutrophils. At 37 degrees C and pH7.2, the apparent Km for dioctanoyl phosphatidic acid (diC8PA) was 1. 4x10(-3) M. Other phosphatidic acids and lysophosphatidic acids inhibited hydrolysis of [32P]diC8PA in a rank order that correlated with competitor solubility, lysophosphatidic acids and unsaturated phosphatidic acids being much more effective inhibitors than long chain saturated phosphatidic acids. Dioleoyl (C18:1) phosphatidic acid was an unexpectedly strong inhibitor of activity, in comparison with its ability to act as a direct substrate in the absence of detergent. Other inhibitors of neutrophil ecto-PAPase included sphingosine, dimethyl- and dihydro-sphingosine, propranolol, NaF and MgCl2. Of several leucocyte populations isolated from human blood by FACS, including T cells, B cells, NK lymphocytes and monocytes, ecto-PAPase was most prevalent on neutrophils; erythrocytes were essentially devoid of activity. A non-hydrolysable, phosphonate analogue of phosphatidic acid, phosphonate 1, efficiently solubilized catalytic activity from intact neutrophils without causing cell disruption or increasing permeability. Enzyme activity in solubilized extracts was purified in the absence of detergent by successive heparin-Sepharose, gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. By assaying activity in renatured SDS/polyacrylamide gel slices, the molecular mass of neutrophil ecto-PAPase was estimated to be between 45 and 52 kDa, similar to the molecular mass of previously purified plasma membrane PAPases. Since a large portion of neutrophil plasma membrane PAPase is available for hydrolysis of exogenous substrates, ecto-PAPase may play an important role in regulating inflammatory cell responses to extracellular phosphatidic acid in biological systems.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Capacitively Coupled Power Conversion Systems (2022)

For nearly 200 years, magnetic induction has been the bedrock of electrical and electromechanical power conversion. During this time, systems largely comprised of copper coils and permeable cores have been used to facilitate power conversion whether electrical (e.g., transformers) or electromechanical (e.g., machines). While physics has long indicated that systems based on electrostatic fields (2-D capacitively coupled surfaces, rather than 3-D magnetic cores) are possible, the practical deployment of these approaches has been limited. The limitation manifests from an orders of magnitude deficiency in field energy density when compared to magnetic systems in the open air. However, this disparity is eroding with the rise of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, high dielectric constant materials and additive manufacturing, among other advances. Recent works have demonstrated that capacitively coupled wireless power transfer systems for personal electronics, small vehicles and industrial automation are possible and efficient. Electric machines have been shown to be 3-D printed entirely from plastic and robotic capacitive grippers can hold surfaces with little to no input power. These devices use WBG electronics and advanced passive components to support their high voltage nature.
HDAC6 Regulates LPS-Tolerance in Astrocytes (2011)

Inflammatory tolerance is a crucial mechanism that limits inflammatory responses in order to avoid prolonged inflammation that may damage the host. Evidence that chronic inflammation contributes to the neuropathology of prevalent neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases suggests that inflammatory tolerance mechanisms are often inadequate to control detrimental inflammation in the central nervous system. Thus, identifying mechanisms that regulate neuroinflammatory tolerance may reveal opportunities for bolstering tolerance to reduce chronic inflammation in these diseases. Examination of tolerance after repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mouse primary astrocytes demonstrated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity promoted tolerance, opposite to the action of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), which counteracts tolerance. HDAC6 in particular was found to be critical for tolerance induction, as its deacetylation of acetyl-tubulin was increased during LPS tolerance, this was enhanced by inhibition of GSK3, and the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin completely blocked tolerance and the promotion of tolerance by inhibition of GSK3. These results reveal opposing interactions between HDAC6 and GSK3 in regulating tolerance, and indicate that shifting the balance between these two opposing forces on inflammatory tolerance can obliterate or enhance tolerance to LPS in astrocytes.
Active Learning Classroom Effectiveness Compared to Traditional Lecture (2015)

Beginning with the fall 2013 semester, George Mason University began teaching first-semester (PHYS 160) and second-semester (PHYS 260) calculus-based physics courses in an ALT (active learning with technology) environment simultaneously with traditional lectures. Previous results of students' performance comparisons consistently showed that ALT courses were more effective means for students' learning than traditional lecturing. Average final grades as well as the average exam grades in ALT courses regularly surpassed grades in traditional courses by 10-15%. We also cross-compared performance of our students in the PHYS 260 course in all four combinations of students coming from traditional PHYS 160 and cross-compared the ALT course to either style of the PHYS 260 courses. We did our analysis for all available pairs of consecutive semesterss starting from fall 2013 and ending with spring 2015. Results from this analysis clearly indicate that students' performance is greatly improved through the ALT experience.
A Mobile Computed Tomographic Scanner with Intraoperative and Intensive Care Unit Applications (1998)

With these adaptations, mobile CT may increase the efficiency of intraoperative scanning by making it available to multiple operating rooms without committing it to any room for an entire operation and may increase the efficiency and safety of CT of critically ill patients who currently need to leave the intensive care unit to travel to a fixed CT installation and back.
Monitoring the severity of iodine deficiency disorders in Uganda. (2002)

The national set standard of household salt iodine of 100 ppm be revised. Locally produced salt be iodized, and a national iodine monitoring programme be instituted to ensure evenly spread consumption of adequately iodized salt by all communities in the country.