gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculating percent depth dose with the electron pencil‐beam redefinition algorithm (2007)

In the present work, we investigated the accuracy of the electron pencil-beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA) in calculating central-axis percent depth dose in water for rectangular fields. The PBRA energy correction factor C(E) was determined so that PBRA-calculated percent depth dose best matched the percent depth dose measured in water. The hypothesis tested was that a method can be implemented into the PBRA that will enable the algorithm to calculate central-axis percent depth dose in water at a 100-cm source-to-surface distance (SSD) with an accuracy of 2% or 1-mm distance to agreement for rectangular field sizes > or = 2 x 2 cm. Preliminary investigations showed that C(E), determined using a single percent depth dose for a large field (that is, having side-scatter equilibrium), was insufficient for the PBRA to accurately calculate percent depth dose for all square fields > or = 2 x 2 cm. Therefore, two alternative methods for determining C(E) were investigated. In Method 1, C(E), modeled as a polynomial in energy, was determined by fitting the PBRA calculations to individual rectangular-field percent depth doses. In Method 2, C(E) for square fields, described by a polynomial in both energy and side of square W [that is, C = C(E,W)], was determined by fitting the PBRA calculations to measured percent depth dose for a small number of square fields. Using the function C(E,W), C(E) for other square fields was determined, and C(E) for rectangular field sizes was determined using the geometric mean of C(E) for the two measured square fields of the dimension of the rectangle (square root method). Using both methods, PBRA calculations were evaluated by comparison with measured square-field and derived rectangular-field percent depth doses at 100-cm SSD for the Siemens Primus radiotherapy accelerator equipped with a 25 x 25-cm applicator at 10 MeV and 15 MeV. To improve the fit of C(E) and C(E,W) to the electron component of percent depth dose, it was necessary to modify the PBRA's photon depth dose model to include dose buildup. Results showed that, using both methods, the PBRA was able to predict percent depth dose within criteria for all square and rectangular fields. Results showed that second- or third-order polynomials in energy (Methods 1 and 2) and in field size (Method 2) were typically required. Although the time for dose calculation using Method 1 is approximately twice that using Method 2, we recommend that Method 1 be used for clinical implementation of the PBRA because it is more accurate (most measured depth doses predicted within approximately 1%) and simpler to implement.
SPIRITUALNI ASPEKTI EKOFEMINIZMA (2002)

This article presents fundamental concepts of cultural ecofeminism which analyses the environmental problems in context of patriarchal society and patriarchal culture, and which creates alternative (matriarchal) model of society based on communication, solidarity, equality, cooperation and consensus. It emphasizes the spirituality as key factor of personal and social change. Debates about spirituality are very controversial, so they cause a conflict between liberal, social and cultural ecofeminism. Cultural ecofeminism and earth based spiritualities stresses the nesessity of spirituality from historical, ethical, epistemological, metodological, conceptual and theoretical reasons. Spiritual ecofeminism rejects the Christian anthropocentrism with white masculine construct of One God - the Lord. Instead of this belief, it renewes the ancient matriarchal beliefs and cults of Goddess Mother as symbol of fertility, as well as animistic beliefs in Ghost or a Spirits, and it incorporates some elements of hinduism, budism and christianity. This form of ecofeminism reject anthropocentric/androcentric concept of Universe and suggest the ecocentric image of the world as a circle - the symbol of eternal return and holistic concept of love as a strenght which will help to solve the ecological crisis
Evidence for Copurification of HERV-K–Related Transcripts and a Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human Platelets From Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia (1997)

We have previously reported that particles resembling retroviral particles and possessing an RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity can be prepared from platelets. Furthermore, we and others have shown that these particles are present at higher levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. We show here that these particles package RNA molecules that encode HERV-K-related pol genes. A subset of the RNA molecules that are packaged are likely to encode the RNA directed DNA polymerase activity and, because these RNAs possess long/full-length open reading frames for the reverse transcriptase and RNaseH (also for part of the integrase domains in genomic clones) of HERV-K, we propose that these transcripts are indeed strong candidates for encoding the enzyme activity found in these particles. Moreover, by using a modification of the polymerase chain reaction-based reverse transcriptase assay in which activated DNA is added during cDNA synthesis to suppress DNA polymerase-mediated RNA-directed DNA synthesis, we have found that the particle-associated enzyme behaves like a retroviral reverse transcriptase, further supporting the conclusion that retrovirus-like, perhaps HERV-K sequences, encode this enzyme activity.
Wellbore Profiling With Broadband Multipole Sonic Tools (2009)

Abstract Theoretical papers have been presented considering the depth of investigation of classic sonic tools, largely focusing on the effects of the source-to-receiver spacing in the case of altered zones. Modern sonic tools use multipole sources (monopole, dipole, and/or quadrupole) at a broad range of frequencies and source-to-receiver offsets. This paper briefly reviews the theoretical discussions of the effects of tool geometry and source characteristics, but focuses primarily on the practical aspects of wellbore profiling with modern sonic tools. We concurrently consider the tool geometry, source order, and frequency effects on the depth of investigation and discuss the differences in wireline and logging-while-drilling environments. Multiple field examples are shown in cases of alteration and invasion. We explore the benefits of reporting sonic logs at multiple depths of investigation, which can yield valuable information about shale reactivity, wellbore stability, and geosteering. A summary of how to recognize the effects of variable depth of investigation on common sonic logs presentations completes the report.
Semianalytic approach for analyzing coupling issues in photonic crystal structures (2005)

A semianalytic approach based on previously derived closed-form expressions for the transmission and reflection matrices between a dielectric waveguide and a semi-infinite photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide is proposed for analyzing coupling issues in PhC structures. The proposed approach is based on an eigenmode expansion technique and introduces several advantages with respect to other conventional numerical methods such as a shorter computation time and the possibility to calculate parameters, such as the reflection into PhC structures, difficult to obtain with others methods. Two different examples are analyzed and results compared to finite-difference time-domain simulations to prove the usefulness of the proposed approach: (i) An especially designed two-defects configuration placed within a PhC taper to improve the coupling efficiency and (ii) a coupled-cavity waveguide coupled to a single-line defect PhC waveguide.
Ventricular Fibrillation (2000)

Combined experimental and theoretical developments have demonstrated that in addition to preexisting electrophysiological heterogeneities, cardiac electrical restitution properties contribute to breakup of reentrant wavefronts during cardiac fibrillation. Developing therapies that favorably alter electrical restitution properties have promise as a new paradigm for preventing fibrillation.
Evaluation of Controller Position Takeover in Team-Based Flight Centric ATM (2021)

Sectorless air traffic management (or flight-centric ATC as it is known in the SESAR context) is a novel concept that restructures the airspace to make better use of the human controller as a resource. Currently investigations on the introduction of a team concept for sectorless air traffic management is being conducted. As part of this team concept, a position takeover concept is being investigated that would reduce the need for a ramp up and decline in traffic when a new controller team takes over a position that is at the end of their shift. From the results new concepts to reduce the loss of knowledge and difficulty of the position takeover are introduced that should be investigated in subsequent experiments. Further, general features of the team concept are investigated, like frequency occupancy data, controller workload and an evaluation of the tools that are available controllers.
A study of Forbush Decreases effects with DAMPE experiment (2023)

Forbush Decrease (FD) is a rapid decrease and slow recover in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity, caused by active solar events sweeping low energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) away from Earth. Differnet properties of FDs have been observed by different scientific experiment but mostly from worldwide ground based Neutron Monitors (NMS), they focus on secondary neutron from the atmosphere. The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-based cosmic-ray experiment that has been stably operated for more than 7 years. Precise measurements of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from DAMPE make it possible to directly study FDs from a new perspective. We analyze the FD properties, such as decrease amplitude and recover time as a function of energy, observed by DAMPE from 2017 to 2021. Finally we simulate the FDs with a numerical model, and successfully reproduce the FDs. The preliminary result shows that the head-on events causes energy related recover time, while edge-on events causes energy unrelated recover time of FDs.
Synthesis, analysis and toxicity of some compounds which may be formed during the synthesis of iopentol. (1987)

The process developed for the synthesis of iopentol consists of several steps. Nine possible impurities from the synthesis of iopentol have been synthesized and one has been isolated from iopentol mother liquor. These substances have been analysed by HPLC methods developed for routine control of iopentol bulk substance. Capacity factors have been calculated for each compound which relate its position in the chromatogram to iopentol. Some of the synthesized compounds have never been found in iopentol and their toxicities have therefore not been determined. Approximate intravenous LD50 values in mice have been determined for the remaining compounds. Taking into consideration these results and the small quantities in which the impurities are present, it is unlikely that they will affect the safety of the final product.
Is anyone regulating the regulators? (1993)

Journal Article Is anyone regulating the regulators? Get access J H Ladenson J H Ladenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 3, 1 March 1993, Pages 375–376, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.375 Published: 01 March 1993
Impact of Accelerated Hydrothermal Aging on Structure and Performance of Cu-SSZ-13 SCR Catalysts (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this contribution, nuanced changes of a commercial Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst with hydrothermal aging, which have not been previously reported, as well as their corresponding impact on SCR functions, are described. In particular, a sample of Cu-SSZ-13 was progressively aged between 550 to 900°C and the changes of performance in NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; storage, oxidation functionality and NOx conversion of the catalyst were measured after hydrothermal exposure at each temperature. The catalysts thus aged were further characterized by NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-TPD, XRD and DRIFTS techniques for structural changes. Based on the corresponding performance and structural characteristics, three different regimes of hydrothermal aging were identified, and tentatively as assigned to “mild”, “severe” and “extreme” aging. Progressive hydrothermal aging up to 750°C decreased NOx conversion to a small degree, as well as NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; storage and oxidation functions. However, an unexpected increase in oxidation performance was observed upon further aging at 800 and 850°C. This phenomenon was probed and explained based on the changes in the nature of copper species in the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst. Further aging above 850°C eventually resulted in catalyst structure collapse, leading to the loss of all the catalyst functions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ellipsometric imaging of surface drops (1996)

We quantify the behavior of the real (ℛ) and imaginary (ℐ) components of the optical response of a recently developed ellipsometric microscope. For a polydimethylsiloxane drop spreading on top of a silicon wafer substrate the experimental values of ℛ and ℐ show the same correlation as a function of film thickness as do the theoretical values. This confirms that the ellipsometric microscope is operating as predicted. The ellipsometric microscope has a thickness resolution of ~0.1 nm and a lateral spatial resolution of ~1 μm and can collect 512 × 512 pixels of information in approximately 20 s.
Epidemiological and economic impact of pandemic influenza in Chicago: priorities for vaccine interventions (2016)

The study objective is to estimate the epidemiological and economic impact of vaccine interventions during influenza pandemics in Chicago, and assist in vaccine intervention priorities. Scenarios of delay in vaccine introduction with limited vaccine efficacy and limited supplies are not unlikely in future influenza pandemics, as in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. We simulated influenza pandemics in Chicago using agent-based transmission dynamic modeling. Population was distributed among high-risk and non-high risk among 0-19, 20-64 and 65+ years subpopulations. Different attack rate scenarios for catastrophic (30.15%), strong (21.96%), and moderate (11.73%) influenza pandemics were compared against vaccine intervention scenarios, at 40% coverage, 40% efficacy, and unit cost of $28.62. Sensitivity analysis for vaccine compliance, vaccine efficacy and vaccine start date was also conducted. Vaccine prioritization criteria include risk of death, total deaths, net benefits, and return on investment. The risk of death is the highest among the high-risk 65+ years subpopulation in the catastrophic influenza pandemic, and highest among the high-risk 0-19 years subpopulation in the strong and moderate influenza pandemics. The proportion of total deaths and net benefits are the highest among the high-risk 20-64 years subpopulation in the catastrophic, strong and moderate influenza pandemics. The return on investment is the highest in the high-risk 0-19 years subpopulation in the catastrophic, strong and moderate influenza pandemics. Based on risk of death and return on investment, high-risk groups of the three age group subpopulations can be prioritized for vaccination, and the vaccine interventions are cost saving for all age and risk groups. The attack rates among the children are higher than among the adults and seniors in the catastrophic, strong, and moderate influenza pandemic scenarios, due to their larger social contact network and homophilous interactions in school. Based on return on investment and higher attack rates among children, we recommend prioritizing children (0-19 years) and seniors (65+ years) after high-risk groups for influenza vaccination during times of limited vaccine supplies. Based on risk of death, we recommend prioritizing seniors (65+ years) after high-risk groups for influenza vaccination during times of limited vaccine supplies.
Cerenia Prevents Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting and Improves Recovery in Dogs Undergoing Routine Surgery (2014)

Cerenia is a selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting in dogs. The present study investigated the effects of Cerenia (maropitant) injectable solution (1.0 mg/kg) on post-operative nausea and vomiting in dogs pre-medicated with morphine or buprenorphine and undergoing an ovariohysterectomy or a routine castration. Improvement in the quality and speed of recovery were also assessed. Forty eight dogs were randomized to treatment with Cerenia or placebo that were administered 45 minutes prior to the opioid premedication. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia using isoflurane. Study participants collecting clinical assessment data were masked to treatment allocation. Cerenia significantly reduced both nausea and vomiting in dogs pre-medicated with morphine. In dogs receiving morphine, Cerenia was associated with a significantly faster return to feeding compared to placebo-treated dogs. Cerenia improved the quality of recovery (as measured by decreased aimless movements, vocalization, and panting) compared to placebo-treated dogs. However, treatment with Cerenia did not significantly change the speed with which dogs recovered from surgery or their general attitude during the recovery period, or their level of sedation during recovery compared to dogs receiving placebo treatment. Buprenorphine pre-medicated dogs failed to display signs of nausea or vomiting. In these animals Cerenia and placebo animals had similar surgical recoveries. This study demonstrates the value of pre-operative Cerenia when used in conjunction with morphine, but not buprenorphine, as a premedication to reduce nausea and vomiting, to hasten return to normal food consumption post-operatively, and to improve the quality of recovery from surgery. Cerenia Prevents Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting and Improves Recovery in Dogs Undergoing Routine Surgery
Quantifying Power Distribution System Resiliency Using Code-Based Metric (2018)

It is essential to improve the resiliency of power distribution systems (PDS) given the increase in extreme weather events, number of malicious threats, and consumers' need for higher reliability. This paper provides a formal approach to evaluate the operational resiliency of PDS and quantify the resiliency of a system using a code-based metric. A combination of steady state and dynamic simulation tools is used to determine the resiliency metric. Dynamic simulation tools help analyzing the impact of short-term events, which might affect operational resiliency in the long term. A dynamic optimization algorithm for changing operating criteria to increase the sustainability of the most critical loads has been proposed. The proposed theoretical approach is validated using a simple PDS model and simulation results demonstrate the ability to quantify the resiliency using the proposed code-based metric. The time-dependent quantification of resiliency has been demonstrated on a test system of two connected Consortium of Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrids.
Intermetallische γ-Titanaluminid-Basislegierungen aus metallographischer Sicht – eine Fortsetzung (2011)

Kurzfassung Der vorliegende Artikel versteht sich als Fortsetzung des Beitrages “Intermetallische γ-Titanaluminide aus metallographischer Sicht” von H. Clemens und F. Jeglitsch in Prakt. Metallogr. 37 (2000) 194-217. Dieser zweite Teil enthält neben der Motivation zur Entwicklung dieser Werkstoffklasse Angaben zu Eigenschaften und Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Überdies wird die Zusammensetzung moderner mehrphasiger Legierungen beschrieben und auf ihre Verarbeitung eingegangen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Entwicklungsstrategie der derzeit aktuellen γ-TiAl-Basislegierungen vorgestellt. In der Folge wird die Mikro- und Nanostruktur nach Herstellung, Verarbeitung und mehrstufiger Wärmebehandlung erörtert. Zu jedem dieser Punkte werden Fallbeispiele aus metallographischen Untersuchungen gezeigt, die unter Verwendung metallkundlicher und metallphysikalischer Ansätze interpretiert werden.
Tacrolimus suppresses glucose-induced insulin release from pancreatic islets by reducing glucokinase activity (2004)

Tacrolimus is widely used for immunosuppressant therapy, including various organ transplantations. One of its main side effects is hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin secretion, but the mechanism remains unknown. We have investigated the metabolic effects of tacrolimus on insulin secretion at a concentration that does not influence insulin content. Twenty-four-hour exposure to 3 nM tacrolimus reduced high glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin secretion (control 2.14 +/- 0.08 vs. tacrolimus 1.75 +/- 0.02 ng.islet(-1).30 min(-1), P < 0.01) without affecting insulin content. In dynamic experiments, insulin secretion and NAD(P)H fluorescence during a 20-min period after 10 min of high-glucose exposure were reduced in tacrolimus-treated islets. ATP content and glucose utilization of tacrolimus-treated islets in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose were less than in control (ATP content: control 9.69 +/- 0.99 vs. tacrolimus 6.52 +/- 0.40 pmol/islet, P < 0.01; glucose utilization: control 103.8 +/- 6.9 vs. tacrolimus 74.4 +/- 5.1 pmol.islet(-1).90 min(-1), P < 0.01). However, insulin release from tacrolimus-treated islets was similar to that from control islets in the presence of 16.7 mM alpha-ketoisocaproate, a mitochondrial fuel. Glucokinase activity, which determines glycolytic velocity, was reduced by tacrolimus treatment (control 65.3 +/- 3.4 vs. tacrolimus 49.9 +/- 2.8 pmol.islet(-1).60 min(-1), P < 0.01), whereas hexokinase activity was not affected. These results indicate that glucose-stimulated insulin release is decreased by chronic exposure to tacrolimus due to reduced ATP production and glycolysis derived from reduced glucokinase activity.
Three in One: Temperature, Solvent and Catalytic Stability by Engineering the Cofactor‐Binding Element of Amine Transaminase (2017)

Amine transaminase (ATA) catalyse enantioselectively the direct amination of ketones, but insufficient stability during catalysis limits their industrial applicability. Recently, we revealed that ATAs suffer from substrate-induced inactivation mechanism involving dissociation of the enzyme-cofactor intermediate. Here, we report on engineering the cofactor-ring-binding element, which also shapes the active-site entrance. Only two point mutations in this motif improved temperature and catalytic stability in both biphasic media and organic solvent. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a higher melting point for the enzyme-cofactor intermediate. The high cofactor affinity eliminates the need for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supply, thus making large-scale reactions more cost effective. This is the first report on stabilising a tetrameric ATA by mutating a single structural element. As this structural "hotspot" is a common feature of other transaminases it could serve as a general engineering target.