gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Biocatalysts Prepared by Immuring Enzymatic Active Components inside Silica Xerogel and Nanocarbons-In-Silica Composites (2018)

Proprietary results on preparation and studies of whole-cell and lysates-based heterogeneous biocatalysts with different enzymatic activity were reviewed. A peculiar method was developed for preparing these biocatalysts by immuring (entrapping) enzymatic active components (EAC) inside silica (SiO2) xerogel and nanocarbons-in-silica composites. Properties of the multi-component composite biocatalysts such as enzymatic activity and operational stability were compared. The effect of the inclusion of nanocarbons such as nanotubes, nanofibers, and onion-like nanospheres with various texture, nanostructure and dispersion were thoroughly studied. With invertase-active biocatalysts, the direct correlation between an increase in the enzymatic activity of the nanocarbons-in-silica biocatalyst and efficiency of EAC adhesion on nanocarbons was observed. The steady-state invertase activity of the baker yeast lysates-based biocatalysts was determined to increase by a factor of 5–6 after inclusion of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes inside SiO2-xerogel. With lipase-active biocatalysts, the effect of the included nanocarbons on the biocatalytic properties depended significantly on the reaction type. In interesterification of oil-fat blends, the biocatalysts without any included nanocarbons demonstrated the maximal lipase activity. In esterification of fatty acids with aliphatic alcohols, the activity of the biocatalysts increased by a factor of 1.5–2 after inclusion of the aggregated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside SiO2-xerogel. In the low-temperature synthesis of isopentyl esters of butyric (C4:0), capric (C10:0), and srearic (C18:0) fatty acids, the lipase-active composite CNTs-in-silica biocatalysts operated without loss of activity for more than thousand hours.
Adaptive OFDM for VLC systems with multiple transmitters (2016)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based visible light communication systems (VLC) with multiple transmitters. We have modeled our scenario with two synchronously broadcasting transmitters and a single receiver. We then incorporate the cabling delay between the transmitters that cause periodic deep fades in the frequency response of the broadcasting channel. We propose to employ adaptive modulation in order to increase the spectral efficiency of the system. Simulation results demonstrate that adaptive modulation can improve the performance of OFDM based VLC systems for the considered practical channel conditions.
Fiber-optic nonlinear coherent coupler (1987)

A new type of fiber-optic nonlinear coherent coupler consisting of a low-birefringence fiber and a fiber-optic polarization beam splitter is proposed. The principle of operation is based on nonlinear polarization change in the low-birefringence fiber. The characteristics of the fiber coupler are analyzed using the Stokes parameters formalism on the Poincaré sphere. The coupler is shown to be capable of acting as an intensity discriminator, pulse reshaper, and all-optical gate.
TIME OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (1959)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Pre- and postselected quantum states: Density matrices, tomography, and Kraus operators (2014)

We present a general formalism for characterizing 2-time quantum states, describing pre- and postselected quantum systems. The most general 2-time state is characterized by a ``density vector'' that is independent of measurements performed between the preparation and postselection. We provide a method for performing tomography of an unknown 2-time density vector. This procedure, which cannot be implemented by weak or projective measurements, brings new insight to the fundamental role played by Kraus operators in quantum measurements. Finally, after showing that general states and measurements are isomorphic, we show that any measurement on a 2-time state can be mapped to a measurement on a preselected bipartite state.
Veterinarians' perspective on telemedicine in Germany (2023)

However, the lack of a clear legal framework may be a significant barrier for further implementation. This survey provides a basis for a critical discussion on the use of veterinary telemedicine in Germany. The results may contribute to future strategies for the implementation and development of necessary policies, training, and service applications within Germany, which may be transferable for the profession in other countries.
A 4Gb 2b/cell NAND Flash Memory with Embedded 5b BCH ECC for 36MB/s System Read Throughput (2006)

A 4Gb 2b/cell NAND flash memory designed in a 90nm CMOS technology incorporates a 25MHz BCH ECC architecture, correcting up to 5 errors over a flexible data field (1B to 2102B). Two alternative Chien circuits are used depending on the number of errors (1 to 5) thus minimizing latency time. ECC area overhead is less than 1%
The potential and challenges of nanopore sequencing (2020)

A nanopore-based device provides single-molecule detection and analytical capabilities that are achieved by electrophoretically driving molecules in solution through a nano-scale pore. The nanopore provides a highly confined space within which single nucleic acid polymers can be analyzed at high throughput by one of a variety of means, and the perfect processivity that can be enforced in a narrow pore ensures that the native order of the nucleobases in a polynucleotide is reflected in the sequence of signals that is detected. Kilobase length polymers (single-stranded genomic DNA or RNA) or small molecules (e.g., nucleosides) can be identified and characterized without amplification or labeling, a unique analytical capability that makes inexpensive, rapid DNA sequencing a possibility. Further research and development to overcome current challenges to nanopore identification of each successive nucleotide in a DNA strand offers the prospect of `third generation' instruments that will sequence a diploid mammalian genome for ~$1,000 in ~24 h.
Agostic interactions in transition metal compounds (2007)

The impact of agostic interactions (i.e., 3-center-2-electron M-H-C bonds) on the structures and reactivity of organotransition metal compounds is reviewed.
Crystal and molecular structure of the radical perchloratotetraphenylporphinatozinc(II) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of the radical perchloratotetraphenylporphinatozinc(II)Len D. Spaulding, P. G. Eller, J. A. Bertrand, and R. H. FeltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4, 982–987Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00811a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00811a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of QTL and underlying genes for root system architecture associated with nitrate nutrition in hexaploid wheat (2022)

The root system architecture (RSA) of a crop has a profound effect on the uptake of nutrients and consequently the potential yield. However, little is known about the genetic basis of RSA and resource adaptive responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, a high-throughput germination paper-based plant phenotyping system was used to identify seedling traits in a wheat doubled haploid mapping population, Savannah×Rialto. Significant genotypic and nitrate-N treatment variation was found across the population for seedling traits with distinct trait grouping for root size-related traits and root distribution-related traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified a total of 59 seedling trait QTLs. Across two nitrate treatments, 27 root QTLs were specific to the nitrate treatment. Transcriptomic analyses for one of the QTLs on chromosome 2D, which was found under low nitrate conditions, revealed gene enrichment in N-related biological processes and 28 differentially expressed genes with possible involvement in a root angle response. Together, these findings provide genetic insight into root system architecture and plant adaptive responses to nitrate, as well as targets that could help improve N capture in wheat.
Formation of a Polarised Primitive Endoderm Layer in Embryoid Bodies Requires Fgfr/Erk Signalling (2014)

The primitive endoderm arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. Here, we investigate a key step in primitive endoderm development, the acquisition of apico-basolateral polarity and epithelial characteristics by the non-epithelial inner cell mass cells. Embryoid bodies, formed from mouse embryonic stem cells, were used as a model to study this transition. The outer cells of these embryoid bodies were found to gradually acquire the hallmarks of polarised epithelial cells and express markers of primitive endoderm cell fate. Fgf receptor/Erk signalling is known to be required for specification of the primitive endoderm, but its role in polarisation of this tissue is less well understood. To investigate the function of this pathway in the primitive endoderm, embryoid bodies were cultured in the presence of a small molecule inhibitor of Mek. This inhibitor caused a loss of expression of markers of primitive endoderm cell fate and maintenance of the pluripotency marker Nanog. In addition, a mislocalisation of apico-basolateral markers and disruption of the epithelial barrier, which normally blocks free diffusion across the epithelial cell layer, occurred. Two inhibitors of the Fgf receptor elicited similar phenotypes, suggesting that Fgf receptor signalling promotes Erk-mediated polarisation. This data shows that primitive endoderm cells of the outer layer of embryoid bodies gradually polarise, and formation of a polarised primitive endoderm layer requires the Fgf receptor/Erk signalling pathway.
The effect of quadrature modulator and demodulator errors on adaptive digital predistorters for amplifier linearization (1997)

With the increasing importance of spectral efficiency in mobile communications, the power amplifier linearity has become a critical design issue for nonconstant envelope modulation. Imperfections in quadrature modulators and demodulators-gain and phase imbalance and DC offset-have a crippling effect on amplifier linearization circuits, a fact that has previously been noted experimentally. This paper is the first analysis of these effects on an adaptive predistorter. The primary result is an expression that provides an explicit tradeoff among intermodulation power, accuracy of the quadrature modulator and demodulator, and speed of adaptation. Another useful result is a simple and easily measured error figure for quadrature modulators and demodulators.
Resource Evaluation of Marine Gas Hydrates by Seafloor Compliance (2001)

O-05 RESOURCE EVALUATION OF MARINE GAS HYDRATES BY SEAFLOOR COMPLIANCE 1 ELEANOR C. WILLOUGHBY and R. NIGEL EDWARDS Department of Physics University of Toronto 60 St. George St. Toronto Ont M5S 1A7 Canada SUMMARY: Methane hydrate changes the physical properties especially by increasing shear strength of the marine sediments in which it is found. Compliance is defined as the transfer function between the vertical displacement of the seafloor and the corresponding pressure expressed as a function of frequency. Since it is sensitive to the elastic parameters of the underlying sediments particularly the shear modulus it is an apt tool for
Passive online rogue access point detection using sequential hypothesis testing with TCP ACK-pairs (2007)

Rogue (unauthorized) wireless access points pose serious security threats to local networks. In this paper, we propose two online algorithms to detect rogue access points using sequential hypothesis tests applied to packet-header data collected passively at a monitoring point. One algorithm requires training sets, while the other does not. Both algorithms extend our earlier TCP ACK-pair technique to differentiate wired and wireless LAN TCP traffic, and exploit the fundamental properties of the 802.11 CSMA/CA MAC protocol and the half duplex nature of wireless channels. Our algorithms make prompt decisions as TCP ACK-pairs are observed, and only incur minimum computation and storage overhead. We have built a system for online rogue-access-point detection using these algorithms and deployed it at a university gateway router. Extensive experiments in various scenarios have demonstrated the excellent performance of our approach: the algorithm that requires training provides rapid detection and is extremely accurate (the detection is mostly within 10 seconds, with very low false positive and false negative ratios); the algorithm that does not require training detects 60%-76% of the wireless hosts without any false positives; both algorithms are light-weight (with computation and storage overhead well within the capability of commodity equipment).
EFFECT OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON POLIOVIRUS SURVIVAL IN GROUND WATER (1983)

Abstract. Poliovirus survival was studied in ground water under hyperbaric pressures ranging from 500 to 4000 psi. It was found that, as compared to control samples incubated at atmospheric pressure, poliovirus was stable under hyperbaric pressures. The virus was, however, comparatively less stable in sea water subjected to 1000 psi pressure.
The Role of Metal Transport and Tolerance in Nickel Hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy (1997)

Metal hyperaccumulators are plants that are capable of extracting metals from the soil and accumulating them to extraordinary concentrations in aboveground tissues (greater than 0.1% dry biomass Ni or Co or greater than 1% dry biomass Zn or Mn). Approximately 400 hyperaccumulator species have been identified, according to the analysis of field-collected specimens. Metal hyperaccumulators are interesting model organisms to study for the development of a phytoremediation technology, the use of plants to remove pollutant metals from soils. However, little is known about the molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes that result in the hyperaccumulator phenotype. We investigated the role of Ni tolerance and transport in Ni hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense, using plant biomass production, evapotranspiration, and protoplast viability assays, and by following short- and long-term uptake of Ni into roots and shoots. As long as both species (T. goesingense and Thlaspi arvense) were unaffected by Ni toxicity, the rates of Ni translocation from roots to shoots were the same in both the hyper- and nonaccumulator species. Our data suggest that Ni tolerance is sufficient to explain the Ni hyperaccumulator phenotype observed in hydroponically cultured T. goesingense when compared with the Ni-sensitive nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense.
QUALITY OF POWDERED BLACK PEPPER (PIPER NIGRUM L.) DURING STORAGE. II. PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSES OF GC AND SENSORY PROFILES (1992)

Abstract Gas chromatographic fingerprinting of stored black pepper powder after extraction, volatiles from the Likens‐Nickerson extraction and aroma impact fractions were carried out using packed column, routinely used in the spice growing countries. Sensory quality, volatile oil and moisture content were also analyzed to trace the changes occurring during storage. The data generated were subjected to principal components analyses to reduce dimensionality and arrive at impact attributes. The oxygenated compounds fraction resolved into 25 to 30 peaks from which a group of 6, including small yet important peaks, was selected. These peaks reflected quality as monitored by sensory response, accounting for 93.4% of information, and are more meaningful than terpene hydrocarbon peaks of high resolution. The probable compounds constituting these principal components are discussed.
Exceptional Photocatalytic Activity of Ordered Mesoporous β-Bi2O3 Thin Films and Electrospun Nanofiber Mats (2010)

Herein, we report the synthesis and photocatalytic properties of novel Bi2O3 nanomaterials. Cubic mesoporous films were produced by coassembly of hydrated bismuth nitrate with a poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer, referred to as KLE, while nanofiber mats were produced via electrospinning. We establish that all materials employed in this work are highly crystalline after thermal treatment and that the nanoscale order of the self-assembled samples is further retained. KLE-templated films can readily produce phase-pure β-Bi2O3 with an optical band gap of about 3.4 eV. Calcination of nanofibers, by contrast, leads to the formation of a composite consisting of β-Bi2O3 and trace amounts of the thermodynamically stable α-Bi2O3 phase. We further show the benefits of a mesoporous morphology in heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis. KLE-templated β-Bi2O3 films exhibit much greater photocatalytic activity than nanofiber mats and nontemplated Bi2O3 films (prepared under otherwise identical conditions) as well as than KLE-templated anatase TiO2 films on a mass normalized basis. We associate this exceptional activity with (1) the comparatively high BET surface area, which provides for a large number of adsorption sites, and (2) the high phase purity of the more catalytically active β-Bi2O3.
Translational Status of Proenkephalin mRNA in the Rat Reproductive System (1989)

The mRNA for the opioid peptide precursor proenkephalin is widely distributed throughout the male and female reproductive systems of rodents. In the present studies, the concentrations of proenkephalin-derived peptides in selected reproductive tissues of the rat have been determined. When compared with previously characterized tissues such as brain, the peptide contents in reproductive tissues were unexpectedly low relative to the abundance of proenkephalin mRNA. This suggested that either translation of proenkephalin mRNA is relatively inefficient in reproductive tissues or that the turnover of proenkephalin products occurs at a higher rate, or both. To distinguish between these possible mechanisms, the polysomal distributions of proenkephalin mRNA in different rat reproductive tissues and in rat brain were determined. In adult rat testis, in which the predominant proenkephalin RNA is the 1700-nucleotide form present in spermatogenic cells, the transcript was found to be mainly associated with translationally inactive ribonucleoprotein fractions. In contrast, the 1450-nucleotide form of proenkephalin mRNA appeared to be translated to a similar extent in rat brain, epididymis, ovary, and somatic cells of the immature rat testis. It therefore appears that inefficient translation of proenkephalin mRNA in spermatogenic cells is a major determinant of the low ratio of proenkephalin peptides to RNA in the adult rat testis, while posttranslational mechanisms (most likely peptide turnover) are involved in the rat epididymis, ovary, and presumably other reproductive tissues. These findings also indicate that mRNA and/or translation product concentrations within a given tissue are not always accurate indicators of the level of peptide or protein production.
Vest CPR - A Promising New Modality Of Resuscitation (2005)

Studies of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have lead to development of a theory that the movement of blood during CPR is largely due to rises in intrathoracic pressure rather than direct squeezing of the heart during chest compression. A logical consequence of this theory was the development of vest CPR, whereby an inflatable vest encircles the patient's chest and cyclically generates relatively uniform chest compression. Animal studies have demonstrated improved survival over standard CPR, and preliminary human studies have shown improved hemodynamics. Survival studies in patients are underway.
How to sell microinsurance via smartphones (2010)

Microinsurance is a growing market in developing countries and helps low-income individuals to cover risks. Delivering these products at low costs is crucial and cannot be achieved by traditional agent-based sales processes. We develop and implement a smartphone-based sales process and run a proof of concept with 20 insurance sales agents in South Africa. With a 117 insurance policies sold we show the feasibility of the process. A detailed focus group discussion suggests that the process needs to be extended. Our results show that the micro-insurance sales process can be successfully supported by smartphones. Customer's trust however needs to be increased by product brochures.
MolGAN: An implicit generative model for small molecular graphs (2018)

Deep generative models for graph-structured data offer a new angle on the problem of chemical synthesis: by optimizing differentiable models that directly generate molecular graphs, it is possible to side-step expensive search procedures in the discrete and vast space of chemical structures. We introduce MolGAN, an implicit, likelihood-free generative model for small molecular graphs that circumvents the need for expensive graph matching procedures or node ordering heuristics of previous likelihood-based methods. Our method adapts generative adversarial networks (GANs) to operate directly on graph-structured data. We combine our approach with a reinforcement learning objective to encourage the generation of molecules with specific desired chemical properties. In experiments on the QM9 chemical database, we demonstrate that our model is capable of generating close to 100% valid compounds. MolGAN compares favorably both to recent proposals that use string-based (SMILES) representations of molecules and to a likelihood-based method that directly generates graphs, albeit being susceptible to mode collapse. Code at https://github.com/nicola-decao/MolGAN
An Analysis of Binary Particle Swarm Optimizers for Task Assigning Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

The tightly restricted resource in wireless sensors networks (WSN) makes it challenging to schedule the task assignment for better performance. Binary particle swarm optimizers (BPSO) along with its modified version (MBPSO) have shown promising performance to this problem, but premature convergence remains a key issue. To improve performance of BPSO for task assigning in WSN, this paper first develops various extended BPSOs by using different topologies and the comprehensive learning strategy. An integrated comparison among these candidate approaches and the MBPSO is carried out. In addition, the choice of transfer function highly affects the global optimizing ability of BPSO. Thus the significance of transfer functions with different shapes adopted in BPSO is discussed. Through sufficient simulations and analysis, it is found that the BPSO with the comprehensive learning strategy and a V-shaped transfer function is very promising, especially toward large-scale problems.