gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of biophysics and bioengineering to the assessment of skin barrier function (2011)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. The cause of AD is multifactoral and it is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Of all the causes of potential barrier defects, the lowered amino-acid derived natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the stratum corneum (SC), especially associated with a known filaggrin mutation, shows the strongest link to AD. As a result, quantification of NMF in the SC in both healthy and compromised SC is the principal aim of this thesis. Because tape stripping is a key technique used to harvest the SC, a novel imaging method to measure the amount of SC per tape strip was validated. This method offers rapid, simple and reproducible SC quantification. It shows good correlation with existing gravimetric and infrared absorption methods and may provide a better standard method in the future.The tape-stripping extraction of NMF showed an abundant SC ‘reservoir’ of the constituents in healthy skin. Iontophoretic extraction of NMF was highly dependant upon molecular properties, particularly charge and concentration. In general, charged NMF constituents were easily extracted by reverse iontophoresis, whereas iontophoresis only offered modest enhancement of zwitterionic species. Quantification of NMF at different body sites, specifically forehead and forearm, showed similar profiles. However, forehead SC was thinner, and in general contained a lower total amount of NMF and less-ordered lipids. Forehead SC may therefore be considered a less competent barrier. A 3-week application of 0.1% w/v sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to healthy volunteers was used to model damaged skin similar to that in AD and chronic irritant contact dermatitis. The SC barrier post-treatment showed significantly reduced NMF, substantial lipid disordering, and the presence of immature corneocytes. The methods employed were sufficiently sensitive to detect these changes. In particular, the NMF components present at high levels in the SC may be useful, potential markers for skin ‘health’ and for its resistance to irritant chemicals.
Web graphics [Guest Editors' Introduction] (2003)

Unlike traditional graphics applications, which often run on a single machine, Web graphics applications assume a distributed environment, that is, over the Internet. Most of these applications are based on a client-server architecture, where a server provides services and often the geometry data, and a client accesses them. The two main issues in Web graphics are the content itself and the tools that support content development and playback. Research issues on Web graphics tools include geometry data streaming, progressive geometry compression, real-time rendering and interactions, data synchronization, motion prediction, and message filtering. The computer graphics community has investigated some of these issues, while the distributed systems community has addressed many of the remaining issues. Recently, researchers have combined the research results from these two communities, adapting them to the new domain. In this special issue, five articles that describe some of the important research issues related to Web graphics,are briefly summarized before they are presented.
Enantiomerically Pure Quinoline‐Based κ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation (2020)

Racemic <sub>K</sub> -opioid receptor (KOR) agonist 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-[(4aRS,8SR,8aSR)-8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]ethan-1-one ((±)-4) was prepared in a diastereoselective synthesis. The first key step of the synthesis was the diastereoselective hydrogenation of the silyl ether of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoin-8-ol ((±)-9) to afford cis,cis-configured perhydroquinoline derivative (±)-10. Removal of the TBDMS protecting group led to a β-aminoalcohol that reacted with SO<sub>2</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub> to form an oxathiazolidine. Nucleophilic substitution with pyrrolidine resulted in the desired cis,trans-configured perhydroquinoline upon inversion of the configuration. In order to obtain enantiomerically pure KOR agonists 4 (99.8 % ee) and ent-4 (99.0 % ee), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ols (R)-8 (99.1 % ee) and (S)-8 (98.4 % ee) were resolved by an enantioselective acetylation catalyzed by Amano lipase PS-IM. The absolute configuration was determined by CD spectroscopy. The 4aR,8S,8aS-configured enantiomer 4 showed sub-nanomolar KOR affinity (K<sub>i</sub> =0.81 nM), which is more than 200 times higher than the KOR affinity of its enantiomer ent-4. In the cAMP assay and the Tango β-arrestin-2 recruitment assay, 4 behaved as a KOR agonist. Upon incubation of human macrophages, human dendritic cells, and mouse myeloid immune cells with 4, the number of cells expressing co-stimulatory receptor CD86 and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α was significantly reduced; this indicates the strong anti-inflammatory activity of 4. The anti-inflammatory effects correlated well with the KOR affinity: (4aR,8S,8aS)-4 was slightly more potent than the racemic mixture (±)-4, and the distomer ent-4 was almost inactive.
Viscosity behavior in supercooled pure liquids and mixtures (1986)

Under relatively quiescent conditions, it is often possible to maintain fluids in a liquid state at temperatures below their freezing point. Viscosities of phenol and t-butanol in the freezing-point region deviate significantly from the Andrade correlation. Two Andrade curves, one above and one below the freezing point, cross at approximately the freezing point and fit the data well. An Antoine-type relationship fits all the phenol data well, but two such curves are required to fit the t-butanol data. The activation energy term in the Andrade equation increases significantly when the temperature drops below the freezing point. This may be interpreted as being the result of luster formation in the liquid, or at least the establishment of more short-range order in the supercooled fluid. Mixtures containing up to 1 mol % ethanol in t-butanol behaved, from a viscosity viewpoint, in a manner similar to pure t-butanol, that is, the viscosity relationship changed at the freezing point of the pure fluid and not at the freezing point of the mixture. The time dependence of the supercooled viscosity of the pure fluids was explored. 25 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.
Polymer imprinting with iron-oxo-hydroxo clusters: [Fe6O2(OH)2(O2CC(Cl)CH2)12(H2O)2], [Fe6O2(OH)2(O2C–Ph–(CH)CH2)12(H2O)2] and [{Fe(O2CC(Cl)CH2)(OMe)2}10] (2011)

We report the syntheses of imprinted polymers using iron-oxo-hydroxo clusters as templates. Three new iron clusters, [Fe(6)O(2)(OH)(2)(O(2)CC(Cl)=CH(2))(12)(H(2)O)(2)] (1), [{Fe(O(2)CC(Cl)=CH(2))(OMe)(2)}(10)] (2) and [Fe(6)O(2)(OH)(2)(O(2)C-Ph-(CH)=CH(2))(12)(H(2)O)(2)] (3) have been prepared from commercially-available carboxylic acids. Cluster-imprinted-polymers (CIPs) of 1, 2 and 3 were prepared with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer, and of 1 with methyl methacrylate monomer. The imprinted sites within the CIPs were examined using EXAFS and diffuse reflectance UV/vis spectroscopy, demonstrating that the clusters 1, 2 and 3 were incorporated intact within the polymers. Extraction of the clusters from the CIPs imprinted with 1 and 3 gave new polymers that showed evidence of an imprinting effect.
Development of Low-cost Thermophotovoltaic Cells Using Germanium Substrates (2007)

Stand‐alone germanium solar cells, intended for application as bottom cell in mechanically stacked solar cells, have been realized applying an innovative process where the front contact is diffused through the a‐Si passivation layer to establish the contact. The developed germanium solar cell process has resulted in world‐class energy conversion efficiencies above 8 percent (AM1.5G). To optimize germanium cells for use in TPV applications, where an increased cell response at high wavelengths is desirable, an innovative back‐side contacting mechanism has been developed. In order to increase the back surface reflection properties of the cell, laser fired contacts have been optimized and used. Using this contact, a germanium thermophotovoltaic cell with an AM1.5 energy conversion efficiency of 6.3 percent has been realized, showing an improved response at high wavelengths compared to the classical germanium solar cell. Cost estimations show that, by integrating this type of germanium photocells in a TPV system, an electricity cost of 1.9 εct/kWh is achievable when assuming a system efficiency of 10 percent and a photocell cost of 6000 ε/m2.
Test plan for glass melter system technologies for vitrification of high-sodium content low-level radioactive liquid waste, Project No. RDD-43288 (1995)

This document provides a test plan for the conduct of combustion fired cyclone vitrification testing by a vendor in support of the Hanford Tank Waste Remediation System, Low-Level Waste Vitrification Program. The vendor providing this test plan and conducting the work detailed within it is the Babcock & Wilcox Company Alliance Research Center in Alliance, Ohio. This vendor is one of seven selected for glass melter testing.
Path-integral analysis of fluctuation theorems for general Langevin processes (2006)

We examine classical, transient fluctuation theorems within the unifying framework of Langevin dynamics. We explicitly distinguish between the effects of non-conservative forces that violate detailed balance, and non-autonomous dynamics arising from the variation of an external parameter. When both these sources of nonequilibrium behavior are present, there naturally arise two distinct fluctuation theorems.
Bloodborne viruses in Dublin's opiate users (2000)

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) hold great potential for clinical application (e.g., regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies) due to their multilineage differentiation ability and paracrine function. To achieve sufficient numbers of hASCs for off-the-shelf-use in an intensive clinical setting (e.g., cardiac fibrosis therapy), hASCs at early passage should be capable of being cryopreserved in the long-term with cell functionality maintained without raising biosafety concerns (e.g., tumourigenesis). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of cryopreservation conditions on hASCs and the potential application of cryopreserved hASCs in cardiac fibrosis. In this study, hASCs were cryopreserved for 3 months using a slow freezing method in various combinations of 3 general used cryoprotective agents (CPAs), including dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose, and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Following rapid thawing, hASCs cryopreserved in a cryopreservation medium containing DMSO at a reduced concentration without FBS (5% DMSO) were found to maintain high viability and functional properties in terms of differentiation potential (including adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic), proliferation potential, and stemness. Moreover, hASCs cryopreserved in 5% DMSO have a low risk of tumourigenesis, as indicated by normal expression levels of tumour suppressor markers and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), normal telomere length, and normal telomerase activity without significant DNA damage or p53 mutation. In addition, it was found that fresh (non-cryopreserved) hASCs and hASCs cryopreserved in 5% DMSO both display a similar potential to inhibit cardiac myofibroblast differentiation in vitro via paracrine signalling, and thus may decrease the incidence of cardiac fibrosis. In summary, 5% DMSO without FBS may be an ideal CPA for efficient long-term cryopreservation of&#13;\niv&#13;\nhASCs for clinical applications. Further, long-term cryopreserved hASCs demonstrate their significant therapeutic value in cardiac fibrosis therapy.
CALCULATION OF THE ELASTIC MODULI OF A TWO-LAYER PAVEMENT SYSTEM FROM MEASURED SURFACE DEFLECTIONS (1971)

THIS REPORT GIVES THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW COMPUTER PROGRAM, ELASTIC MODULUS II, WHICH IS CAPABLE OF CONVERTING DEFLECTIONS MEASURED BY THE DYNAFLECT ON THE SURFACE OF A HIGHWAY PAVEMENT-SUBGRADE (TWO-LAYER ELASTIC) SYSTEM TO THE ELASTIC MODULI OF THE PAVEMENT AND SUBGRADE. INCLUDED IN THIS PAPER ARE THE SOLUTIONS OF SEVERAL TYPICAL PROBLEMS. THE COMPUTER PROGRAM MAY EVENTUALLY BECOME A PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN SYSTEM NOW BEING IMPLEMENTED BY THE TEXAS HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT.
Axial heterogeneity of vasopressin-receptor subtypes along the human and mouse collecting duct (2006)

Vasopressin and vasopressin antagonists are finding expanded use in mouse models of disease and in clinical medicine. To provide further insight into the physiological role of V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors in the human and mouse kidney, intrarenal localization of the receptors mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization. V2-receptor mRNA was predominantly expressed in the medulla, whereas mRNA for V1a receptors predominated in the cortex. The segmental localization of vasopressin-receptor mRNAs was determined using simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for segment-specific markers, including aquaporin-2, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, epithelial Na channels, Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein, and thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter. Notably, V1a receptor expression was exclusively expressed in V-ATPase/anion exchanger-1-labeled alpha-intercalated cells of the medullary collecting duct in both mouse and human kidney. In cortical collecting ducts, V1a mRNA was more widespread and detected in both principal and intercalated cells. V2-receptor mRNA is diffusely expressed along the collecting ducts in both mouse and human kidney, with higher expression levels in the medulla. These results demonstrate heterogenous axial expression of both V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors along the human and mouse collecting duct. The restricted expression of V1a-receptor mRNA in intercalated cells suggests a role for this receptor in acid-base balance. These findings further suggest distinct regulation of renal transport function by AVP through V1a and V2 receptors in the cortex vs. the medulla.
The first ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain Model of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2015)

Very high resolution bathymetric map obtained through multibeam echo-sounders data are crucial to generate accurate Digital Terrain Models from which the morphological setting of active volcanic areas can be analyzed in detail. Here we show and discuss the main results from the first multibeam bathymetric survey performed in shallow-waters around the island of Lipari, the largest and the most densely populated of the Aeolian Islands (southern Italy). Data have been collected in the depth range of 0.1-150 m and complete the already existent high-resolution multibeam bathymetry realized between 100 and 1300 m water depth. The new ultra-high resolution bathymetric maps at 0.1-0.5 m provide new insights on the shallow seafloor of Lipari, allowing to detail a large spectrum of volcanic, erosive-depositional and anthropic features. Moreover, the presented data allow outlining the recent morphological evolution of the shallow coastal sector of this active volcanic island, indicating the presence of potential geo-hazard factors in shallow waters.
Effects of Some Pesticides on the Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) (Gamasina: Phytoseiidae) (2006)

To obtain selective pesticides that are harmless to the predatory mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus, native to Thailand, we tested the toxicity of 29 pesticides on the predatory mite by the leaf-dip method. All pesticides were examined at the concentrations used in the fields of Thailand. The results immediately after dipping the leaf in pesticide showed that fenbutatin oxide, buprofezin, fenobucarb, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, validamycin, carbendazim and sulfur were selective pesticides, harmless to adult females, eggs and immatures of N. longispinosus. These chemicals are expected to be promising pesticides on IPM crops in Thailand, where N. longispinosus is the major natural enemy of spider mites.
Full Domain Closure of the Ligand-binding Core of the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor iGluR5 Induced by the High Affinity Agonist Dysiherbaine and the Functional Antagonist 8,9-Dideoxyneodysiherbaine (2009)

The prevailing structural model for ligand activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors posits that agonist efficacy arises from the stability and magnitude of induced domain closure in the ligand-binding core structure. Here we describe an exception to the correlation between ligand efficacy and domain closure. A weakly efficacious partial agonist of very low potency for homomeric iGluR5 kainate receptors, 8,9-dideoxyneodysiherbaine (MSVIII-19), induced a fully closed iGluR5 ligand-binding core. The degree of relative domain closure, approximately 30 degrees , was similar to that we resolved with the structurally related high affinity agonist dysiherbaine and to that of l-glutamate. The pharmacological activity of MSVIII-19 was confirmed in patch clamp recordings from transfected HEK293 cells, where MSVIII-19 predominantly inhibits iGluR5-2a, with little activation apparent at a high concentration (1 mm) of MSVIII-19 (<1% of mean glutamate-evoked currents). To determine the efficacy of the ligand quantitatively, we constructed concentration-response relationships for MSVIII-19 following potentiation of steady-state currents with concanavalin A (EC(50) = 3.6 microm) and on the nondesensitizing receptor mutant iGluR5-2b(Y506C/L768C) (EC(50) = 8.1 microm). MSVIII-19 exhibited a maximum of 16% of full agonist efficacy, as measured in parallel recordings with glutamate. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiological recordings confirm that the specificity of MSVIII-19 for iGluR5 is partly attributable to interdomain hydrogen bond residues Glu(441) and Ser(721) in the iGluR5-S1S2 structure. The weaker interactions of MSVIII-19 with iGluR5 compared with dysiherbaine, together with altered stability of the interdomain interaction, may be responsible for the apparent uncoupling of domain closure and channel opening in this kainate receptor subunit.
Antidepressant and anxiolytic potential of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) assessed by behavioural and neurogenesis outcomes in mice (2013)

Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) is an investigational novel antidepressant with multimodal activity that functions as a 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist, 5-HT(1B) receptor partial agonist, 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist and inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter in vitro. Here we explore its anxiolytic and antidepressant potential in adult mice. Vortioxetine was assessed in BalB/cJ@RJ mice using the open-field and forced-swim tests (acute: p.o. 1 h, repeated: daily p.o. 21 days), and in 129S6/SvEvTac mice using the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm (acute: p.o. 1 h, sustained: daily p.o. 14 or 21 days). Fluoxetine and diazepam were controls. Acute and repeated dosing of vortioxetine produced more pronounced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities than fluoxetine. Vortioxetine significantly increased cell proliferation and cell survival and stimulated maturation of immature granule cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after 21 days of treatment. After 14 days, a high dose of vortioxetine increased dendritic length and the number of dendrite intersections, suggesting that vortioxetine accelerates the maturation of immature neurons. Vortioxetine displays an antidepressant and anxiolytic profile following repeated administration associated with increased neurogenesis at several stages. Vortioxetine effects were observed at low levels of 5-HT transporter occupancy, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action to 5-HT reuptake inhibition.
Acoustic Trauma Augments the Cochlear Immune Response to Antigen (2008)

It seems that noise exposure can activate a cochlear immune response, which in the presence of Ag, allows for greater recruitment of inflammatory cells than occurred in response to Ag alone.
Broad-Spectrum Activity of Antimicrobial Peptoids (2022)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring host defense molecules, representing an evolutionarily ancient, innate immune mechanism against pathogenic infection. As such, many of these predominantly cationic and amphipathic peptides have been examined for their potential as anti-infective agents. AMP families such as the defensins and cathelicidins exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria, fungi and viruses, initially and predominantly by disruption of the microbial membrane. Due to this physical mechanism, development of resistance by the pathogen is rare. Thus, they represent a great potential for a new type of anti-infective agent. However, due to a variety of reasons, including protease sensitivity and poor bioavailability, they have not been developed into actual therapeutics. To circumvent these issues, we have examined the potential for small molecule mimetics of AMPs, which would be protease-resistant and have better bioavailability. We previously demonstrated the activity of one such class of mimetics, sequence-specific N-substituted glycine oligomers, or peptoids, against the human viral pathogen Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1), as well as some bacteria. Here, we compare the activity, both in vitro and in vivo, of select peptoids against bacteria, fungi and viruses, to begin to study the structure/activity relationship with a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens. Our results show that some peptoid structures are more active against one type of pathogen than another. However, at least two of the tested peptoids exhibit potent activity against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. Our results suggest that these molecules can be developed into potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
The application of virtual-paths to the interconnection of IEEE 802.6 metropolitan area networks (2005)

It is currently envisaged that IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Networks (ALANs) will be introduced in Australia in the early 1990s. The network will support high bit-rate data services such as LocalArea Network (LAN to LAN interconnection and a trial of 2 Mbills Video Telephony service. Initially die MANs will be interconnected by direct links. This paper proposes that as the number of IEEE 802.6 MAN grows they be interconnected via pre-allocated, semi-permanent virtual pads. The virtual path concept, which involves aggregation of traffic for management and contro4 has been adopted by the CCHT for use within Broadband ISDN. An application of this concept to interconnect IEEE 802.6 AfANs will be discussed. Other services such as motion video and Virtual Private Networking could also be offered on this Virtual Path Network. These services could offer some broadband services prior to the implementation ofBroad band ISDN. The major advantages of the proposed virtual path network include. exiension of IEEE 802 6 MAN application, rapid provision of cost effective Virtual Private Networks, and smooth evolution to Broadband ISDN.
Acoustic radiation by charged atomic particles in liquids: An analysis (1979)

A new analysis of the propagation of acoustic pulses produced by local heating of liquids due to ionization by charged particles is presented. It is shown that the wave equations with loss dominate the pulse shape after small distances and that, due to the bipolar $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function behavior of the individual pulses, a net observed pulse is just the time derivative of the received density of pulses from individual heating centers. Angular distributions, signal-to-noise ratios, detectable volume, and numerical examples are discussed. One important observation is that the effect of attenuation upon this type of radiation is to produce power-law rather than exponential cutoff with distance. For example, in the thermal-noise-limited case the signal-to-noise ratio defined herein only steepens by one-half power in falloff with distance due to attenuation.