gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel MR imaging of anatomy and function based on intermolecular double-quantum coherences (iDQC) (2002)

We obtained for the first time iDQC images of human brain and muscles at 1.5 T. These images are fundamentally different in information content and in imaging contrast from conventional MR images. Combined quantum mechanical and classical formalisms were used to characterize the iDQC signal, and to aid in the design of DQC imaging sequences with conventional or EPI acquisitions. Both our theoretical analysis and experiments suggest that signals from the DQCs have a higher sensitivity than those from the zero-quantum coherence (ZQC) for human brain imaging. The increase in magnetic field strength substantially enhances ZQC and DQC signal intensities, but the higher sensitivity of DQC over ZQC remains at higher fields. DQCs possess some favorable features. Their high selectivity to dipolar interactions of adjustable spatial scales and sensitivity to local susceptibility variation suggest they may be useful for detecting changes in local magnetic susceptibility such as in human brain activation, or in tumor oxygenation studies. They can also be used potentially to study short-, middle- and long-range dipolar interactions in different tissues. They have twice the sensitivity to molecular diffusion than measurements with diffusion of spins under single-quantum transition. The signal also lasts longer in the time domain. New applications based on these properties of DQC are presented, including relaxation and diffusion studies, and brain activation mapping with auditory stimulation.
Allograft versus autograft in spinal surgery (1993)

Log in or Register Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Orthopaedic PracticeCurrent Opinion in Orthopaedics (1999-2007)Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007) Published Ahead-of-PrintCOP eNewsMy CollectionsJournal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardInformation for AuthorsAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production by Streptomyces lawendulae Applying the Response Surface Methodology (2011)

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L.
Distributions of amplitude and phase fluctuations in tilt ionospheric sounding signals (2004)

Determining angles of arrival for shortwave radio beams is of great practical significance in the ionosphere research. The impact of amplitude and phase fluctuations in tilt ionospheric sounding signals on the accuracy of determining angles of arrival in small-base antenna systems is discussed. Amplitude and phase fluctuation distributions of tilt ionospheric sounding signals are analysed for various shortwave radio links and propagation conditions. Comparison to known model distributions are carried out. Model distributions for amplitude and phase difference fluctuations in the case of strong scattering are proposed. The available data allows for the influence of phase fluctuations on the accuracy of defining angles of arrival in small-base systems to be estimated.
Novel Rule-Based Method for Multi-Parametric Multi-Objective Decision Support in Lead Optimization Using KEM (2008)

This paper focuses on the recent development of rule-based methods and their applications to the drug discovery process. For a given target, the path for designing new drugs with a lower attrition rate is based on an effective mining of the huge amount of experimental in vitro and in vivo data which has been collected. These data often come in various formats, from many different areas such as chemistry, biology, pharmacology, toxicity and extraction of the critical information is not an easy task. To guide the multi-objective optimization, we have developed a decision-support system (KEM®), based on the Galois lattices theory and constraint satisfaction programming (CSP). After a brief overview of machine learning applications, we will describe the methodology used in KEM for data mining and prediction. Two examples of applications in the drug discovery area will be discussed. Keywords: Galois lattices, drug design, multi-objective optimization, structure-activity relationships (SAR), machine learning
Gibbs likelihoods for Bayesian tracking (2004)

Bayesian methods for visual tracking model the likelihood of image measurements conditioned on a tracking hypothesis. Image measurements may, for example, correspond to various filter responses at multiple scales and orientations. Most tracking approaches exploit ad hoc likelihood models while those that exploit more rigorous, learned, models often make unrealistic assumptions about the underlying probabilistic model. Such assumptions cause problems for Bayesian inference when an unsound likelihood is combined with an a priori probability distribution. Errors in modeling the likelihood can lead to brittle tracking results, particularly when using non-parametric inference techniques such as particle filtering. We show how assumptions of conditional independence of filter responses are violated in common tracking scenarios, lead to incorrect likelihood models, and cause problems for Bayesian inference. We address the problem of modeling more principled likelihoods using Gibbs learning. The learned models are compared with naive Bayes methods which assume conditional independence of the filter responses. We show how these Gibbs models can be used as an effective image likelihood, and demonstrate them in the context of particle filter-based human tracking.
Viscoelastic Properties of Thermoplastic Ethylene-Propylene Elastomers Dynamically Cross-linked (2020)

Thermoplastic elastomers are rubbery materials which can be processed by equipment usually associated with thermoplastic resins. There is an obvious growing interest in products that can be turned directly into finished goods in striking contrast with the lengthy three-step process required by conventional elastomers: compounding, shaping and curing. Order has since come out of chaos and the host of products put on the market have gradually found their application areas. Among these, the dynamically cured PP/EPDM blends have materialized into a number of interesting, large volume products. EPDM composition, composition distribution, molecular weight distribution and ethylene sequences determine the flexibility of the molecular chain as well as its tendency toward crystallization and hence the viscoelastic properties of the elastomer and compositions made thereof.
In Situ FT-IR Characterization of CuZnZr/Ferrierite Hybrid Catalysts for One-Pot CO2-to-DME Conversion (2018)

CO₂ hydrogenation to dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising strategy to drive the current chemical industry towards a low-carbon scenario since DME can be used as an eco-friendly fuel as well as a platform molecule for chemical production. A Cu‒ZnO‒ZrO₂/ferrierite (CZZ/FER) hybrid grain was recently proposed as a catalyst for CO₂-to-DME one-pot conversion exhibiting high DME productivity thanks to the unique shape-selectivity offered by ferrierite zeolite. Nevertheless, such a catalyst deactivates but no direct evidence has been reported of activity loss over time. In this work, CZZ/FER catalysts with different acidity levels were characterized with the FTIR technique before and after reactions, aiming to give new insights about catalyst deactivation. Results show that activity loss can be related to both (i) copper particle sintering, which decreases CO₂ activation towards methanol, and (ii) acidity loss due to H⁺/Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion exchange.
Automatic equivalent model generation and evolution for small cell networks (2013)

Automated Self-optimizing Networks (SON) algorithms have been proposed to address and solve the issues related to optimization in small cell networks. However, automatic optimization approaches require precise knowledge of the deployment environment and users behaviors. This information is generally difficult, expensive to obtain and presents significant computational requirements. In this paper we introduce a method that, based on available measurements, enables the automatic generation of an abstract equivalent model and its adaptation to the environment in which the network is deployed. This model can be a key component to mitigate the computational burden and to speed up the convergence of self-learning and self-evolving coverage optimization algorithms.
Efficient, one-step, cascade synthesis of densely functionalized furans from unprotected carbohydrates in basic aqueous media (2019)

One-pot Et<sub>3</sub>N-catalyzed reaction of unprotected carbohydrates with malononitrile or malonamide nitrile in aqueous media gave selectively densely functionalized furans in 84–98% yields.
A three-dimensional anthropometric solid model of the hand based on landmark measurements (2008)

Hand anthropometry data are largely based on measurements of the hand in an outstretched hand posture and are, therefore, difficult to apply to tool gripping hand postures. The purpose of this project was to develop a representative, scalable hand model to be used with 3-D software drawing packages to aid in the ergonomic design of hand tools. Landmarks (66) on the palmar surface of the right hand of 100 subjects were digitised in four functional hand postures and, from these, 3-D surface models of a mean, 25th and 75th% hand were developed. The root mean square differences in hand length between the hand model and the digitised data for the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile hand were 11.4, 3.2 and 8.9 mm, respectively. The corresponding values for hand breadth were 2.0, 0.4 and 1.4 mm. There was good agreement between distances on the digitised hand and the hand model. The application of this research includes improved ergonomic hand tool design through the use of hand anthropometry reference values developed from the general population using grasping hand postures.
<title>Diffraction-analysis-based characterization of very fine gratings</title> (1997)

Fine gratings with spatial periods below one micron, either ruled mechanically or patterned holographically, play a key role as encoders in high precision translational or rotational coordinate or measuring machines. Besides, the fast in-line characterization of submicron patterns is a stringent demand in recent microelectronic technology. Thus, a rapid, destruction free and highly accurate measuring technique is required to ensure the quality during manufacturing and for final testing. We propose an optical method which was already successfully introduced in semiconductor industry. Here, the inverse scatter problem inherent in this diffraction based approach is overcome by sophisticated data analysis such as multivariate regression or neural networks. Shortly sketched, the procedure is as follows: certain diffraction efficiencies are measured with an optical angle resolved scatterometer and assigned to a number of profile parameters via data analysis (prediction). Before, the specific measuring model has to be calibrated. If the wavelength-to-period rate is well below unity, it is quite easy to gather enough diffraction orders. However, for gratings with spatial periods being smaller than the probing wavelength, merely the specular reflex will propagate for perpendicular incidence (zero order grating). Consequently, it is virtually impossible to perform a regression analysis. A proper mean to tackle this bottleneck is to record the zero-order reflex as a function of the incident angle. In this paper, the measurement of submicron gratings is discussed with the examples of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.4 micron period resist gratings on silicon, etched silicon oxide on silicon (same periods) and a 512 nm pitch chromium grating on quartz. Using a He-Ne laser with 633 nm wavelength and measuring the direct reflex in both linear polarizations, it is shown that even submicron patterning processes can be monitored and the resulting profiles with linewidths below a half micron can be characterized reliably with 2(theta) - scatterometry.
Automated Management of User Centric Session in NGN (2008)

Nowadays, with the rapid development of Next Generation Network (NGN), personalized applications, which can dynamically adapt to the users' mobility, requirements and preferences become more and more demanding. On the contrary of the other points of view (eg. application centric), "User Centric" approach follows no long client server architecture and becomes one of the most important challenges of Next Generation Service (NGS). Current technologies, such as Web2.0, cannot satisfy the NGS requirements. In this paper, we propose "User Centric session" based on the Virtual Private Service Network (VPSN) model. This idea allows automated management of session service according to the mobility and maintains dynamically the personalized service composition. By implementing the scenarios of both multiple sessions and User Centric session, we do a comparison to prove the feasibility and the advantage of our approach.
A mathematical model of electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve [Abstract] (1997)

Accurate models of Auditory Nerve (AN) response to electrical Stimulation may assist with the development of speech processing strategies for cochlear implants. Until recently most models of AN response to electrical stimulation have utilised deterministic (non random) descriptions, in spite of strong evidence for stochastic (random) components of behaviour in the neurophysiological data. Models of auditory performance using these deterministic descriptions have been unable to predict many important psychophysical phenomena. Can stochastic models improve these predictions.
Structural and thermodynamic insight into phenylalanine hydroxylase from the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila (2013)

Phenylalanine hydroxylase from Legionella pneumophila (lpPAH) has a major functional role in the synthesis of the pigment pyomelanin, which is a potential virulence factor. We present here the crystal structure of lpPAH, which is a dimeric enzyme that shows high thermostability, with a midpoint denaturation temperature of 79 °C, and low substrate affinity. The structure revealed a dimerization motif that includes ionic interactions and a hydrophobic core, composed of both β-structure and a C-terminal region, with the specific residues (P255, P256, Y257 and F258) interacting with the same residues from the adjacent subunit within the dimer. This unique dimerization interface, together with a number of aromatic clusters, appears to contribute to the high thermal stability of lpPAH. The crystal structure also explains the increased aggregation of the enzyme in the presence of salt. Moreover, the low affinity for substrate l-Phe could be explained from three consecutive glycine residues (G181, 182, 183) located at the substrate-binding site. This is the first structure of a dimeric bacterial PAH and provides a framework for interpreting the molecular and kinetic properties of lpPAH and for further investigating the regulation of the enzyme.
Sphagnum mosses as methane traps in two northern mires (2010)

(1) Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland (tuula.larmola@helsinki.fi/fax +358919158100), (2) Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, (3) University of Oxford, SoGE, Oxford, UK, (4) Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Center, Vantaa, Finland, (5) Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA, (6) Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Program, South Hadley, MA, USA, (7) Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
Magnetic properties of deposited iron clusters produced in a high‐yield laser vaporization source (1998)

Clusters of iron produced in a laser vaporization source have been characterized with time-of-flight spectra and deposited on different substrates for production of films of varying thickness. The magnetic properties of these films with thicknesses of 60 and 120 nm were investigated using an alternating gradient magnetometer. The films exhibit mono-domain behavior from a broad size distribution which has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Films were also investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which showed fast relaxation in the particles at room temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of dementia in stroke-free patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: data from a population-based cohort (2019)

Incident AF was associated with an increased risk of dementia, independent of clinical stroke in an elderly population. Oral anticoagulant use was linked with a decreased incidence of dementia.
NFC Devices: Security and Privacy (2008)

The aim of this paper is to show security measures for NFC (Near Field Communication) use cases and devices. We give a brief overview over NFC technology and evaluate the implementation of NFC in devices. Out of this technology review we derive different use cases and applications based on NFC technology. Based on the use cases we show assets and interfaces of an NFC device that could be a possible target of an attacker. In the following we apply different attacks against the operation modes to show how applications and devices could be protected against such attacks. The information collected is consolidated in a set of threats giving guidelines on how to improve security and overcome privacy issues. This allows integrating NFC technology in a secure way for the end consumer.
Calculation of excessive losses in low voltage line caused by computers (2009)

This work estimates excessive losses in low voltage line caused by nonlinear loads. Typical examples of nowadays nonlinear loads are computers, which numbers is especially increased in different types of companies as well as universities. In the case study the excessive losses in low voltage lines caused by the old and new computers are evaluated. The results presented show that the new technologies applied in the new generations of computers increased level of excessive losses in low voltage lines.
Clavos intramedulares vs. placas de osteosíntesis para fracturas de fémur. Análisis por elementos finitos (2004)

La estabilización interna de fracturas de la diáfisis femoral se realiza mediante la implantación de clavos intramedulares o placas de osteosíntesis. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una comparación biomecánica por elementos finitos de ambos implantes y así desarrollar una herramienta preclínica para guiar a los cirujanos en la elección del método de estabilización más adecuado para cada fractura. Se malló un fémur entero en el cual se practicó una fractura de 1mm ó 3mm en la diáfisis. Los modelos de placa y clavo se mallaron a partir de la geometría de los implantes, para el clavo se realizaron dos modelos con diámetros distintos (11 y 13 mm). El estudio incluye simulaciones en dos etapas de regeneración de la fractura (con modulo de elasticidad en la fractura de 1 MPa ó 10 MPa), con implantes de acero inoxidable y titanio. Las cargas aplicadas simulan el apoyo monopodal e incluyen la actuación de la cadera, y los músculos abductores, psoas ilíaco e iliotibial. Los resultados muestran que la tensión en los implantes aumenta con el tamaño de la fractura y disminuye con su módulo. Los clavos tienden a inducir más deformación en la fractura que las placas. El diámetro de los clavos influye en la tensión inducida en el hueso y en la deformación en la fractura, los resultados de los clavos más anchos tienden a los resultados de las placas.
Constraints of Small and Medium Enterprises Access To Bank Loans: Evidence from Vietnam Manufacturing Firms (2020)

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played an important role in Vietnam’s economic development. They are not only offering employment but also promoting innovative ideas. However, they are facing many constraints in accessing resources. Especially, financial constraints have been hindering their performance and their growth. This paper employs the probit and logit regression methods to evaluate factors that are important in determining SMEs’ access to bank loans in Vietnam. Based on the sample of 695 firms in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Sector that are directly collected by structured questionnaires, findings from the study show that: the size of firm, the collateral requirements, the cost of bribes and gifts, and high interests are main constraints to bank loans for most firms, especially SMEs. There are still marked discrimination in processing loan application (such as scale of firm, type of ownership). The firm performance and development of capital markets are positive factors that help SMEs to have an easier access to bank loans.

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Tubular injury markers monitored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy after cold storage. (1997)

*INRA, Centre Poitou-Charentes (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Centre Poitou-Charentes (FRA)
Functional heterogeneity among the T-derived lymphocytes of the mouse. V. Response kinetics of peripheral T cell subpopulations. (1976)

The kinetics of the proliferative response and the appearance of effectors of helper activity after stimulation by antigen were examined in T cell subpopulations. As defined in previous papers of this series, one population, T1, is short-lived after adult thymectomy (ATx), and relatively resistant to elimination by anti-thymocyte serum (ATS). Another population, T2, is long-lived after ATx, but highly sensitive to elimination by small doses of ATS. From precursors within the T2 population, effectors of specific helper activity, after priming with antigen, appeared within 1 to 2 days and reached a maximum on day 4. The responding cells reached their peak proliferative response within 24 hr after stimulation by antigen. In contrast, helper activity arising from T1 precursors first appeared on day 3 and peaked on day 5. These cells did not reach their maximal proliferative response until 60 hr after priming. These findings indicate additional useful markers for distinguishing the T1 and T2 subpopulations and are consistent with models for T cell development in which T1 cells are virgin cells and T2 cells are memory cells.