gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LSC Abstract – Severity of lung tissue pathology is dictated by S. aureus toxins eliciting series of cytolytic and chemotactic responses (2015)

<i>S. aureusis</i> a major cause of hospital and community acquired pneumonia. Several virulence factors such as α-toxin, PVL and cytolytic peptides are implicated as major mediators of tissue pathology. Here we use a novel organotypic model of human lung to address the role of exotoxins produced by clinical <i>S. aureus</i> strains causing varying severity of lung infection i.e necrotizing pneumonia(NP) and lung empyema(LE). Exposure of lung tissue models to bacterial supernatants revealed that the NP strains were highly cytotoxic, demonstrating accentuated inflammation, necrosis and loss of Ecadherin, whereas the LE strain induced limited tissue damage. This corresponded to higher levels of α-toxin and PVL being produced by the NP strains, as compared to the LE strain that produced moderate levels of PVL but no α-toxin. A direct role of α-toxin in epithelial disruption was verified by toxin deficient mutants and pure α-toxin. PVL contributed to epithelial injury indirectly through lysis of neutrophils. Notably combined effects of α-toxin and PVL further augmented the tissue pathology. The study identifies a novel immunomodulatory effect of these toxins resulting in strong upregulation and polarization of CXCL8 and CX3CL1 chemokines towards the apical side of the epithelium translating into increased chemotaxis. Association between toxin levels, cytotoxicity and clinical outcome was confirmed in a larger cohort of pneumonia isolates. This study provides novel insight into toxin-mediated roles in lung tissue pathology implicating both α-toxin and PVL in chemotactic and cytolytic events contributing to severe tissue injury linked to NP.
AVP‐825 (Sumatriptan Nasal Powder) Reduces Nausea Compared to Sumatriptan Tablets: Results of the COMPASS Randomized Clinical Trial (2017)

All three longitudinal models showed that AVP-825 had more favorable nausea outcomes compared to oral sumatriptan. AVP-825 treatment led to more rapid early reductions in Overall Nausea rates during the first hour, reduced odds of nausea from 30 minutes to 2 hours following treatment and reduced risk of TEN compared to oral sumatriptan. These results highlight the importance of separately assessing TEN and Nausea Relief in acute treatment trials of migraine.
Management of pudendal neuralgia (2014)

Pelvic pain is a frequent complaint in women during both reproductive and post-reproductive years. Vulvodynia includes different manifestations of chronic vulvar pain with no known cause. Many women do not receive a diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Pudendal neuralgia is a painful condition caused by inflammation, compression or entrapment of the pudendal nerve; it may be related to or be secondary to childbirth, pelvic surgery, intense cycling, sacroiliac skeletal abnormalities or age-related changes. Clinical characteristics include pelvic pain with sitting which increases throughout the day and decreases with standing or lying down, sexual dysfunction and difficult with urination and/or defecation. To confirm pudendal neuralgia, the Nantes criteria are recommended. Treatment includes behavioral modifications, physiotherapy, analgesics and nerve block, surgical pudendal nerve decompression, radiofrequency and spinal cord stimulation.
Recovery of the half-metallicity of anFe3O4(100)surface by atomic hydrogen adsorption (2010)

We report experimental evidence that hydrogen termination largely enhances the spin polarization of an ${\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}(100)$ surface. An in situ prepared ${\text{Fe}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}(100)/\text{MgO}(100)$ film surface was exposed to atomic hydrogen and its surface spin polarization $(P)$ was monitored with a spin-polarized metastable helium-atom beam under external magnetic fields of 0--5 T. The spin asymmetry at the high-energy cutoff, which reflects $P$ at the Fermi level of the topmost surface, increased from $&lt;5\mathrm{%}$ to $&gt;50\mathrm{%}$ at 298 K by H adsorption. The enhancement in $P$ was found to be consistent with the H-induced change in the surface electronic states predicted by a density-functional theory calculation.
Quarter-Wavelength Stepped-Impedance Resonator Filter With Mixed Electric and Magnetic Coupling (2014)

This letter proposes a new type of microstrip quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) filter with controllable mixed electric and magnetic coupling. A conducting pin and an open gap between two coupled SIRs are jointly used to create the mixed coupling, and the electric and magnetic coupling can be separately controlled by adjusting the spacing between the gap and the position of the conducting pin. Based on the proposed structure, a second-order filter and a third-order filter are designed and fabricated. Good agreement between the measured and simulated data is obtained.
Basic methodology in the molecular characterization of genes (1992)

Molecular biology techniques may be of substantial help in revealing the cause of hypertension and developing tools to prevent and treat this disorder.
Gut permeability may be associated with periprosthetic joint infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty (2022)

A growing number of recent investigations on the human genome, gut microbiome, and proteomics suggests that the loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and the immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host immune system function and ultimately affecting the outcome of interventions. We hypothesized that the loss of mucosal barrier in the gut may be associatedto acute and chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). Zonulin, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were tested in plasma as part of a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing primary arthroplasty or revision arthroplasty because of an aseptic failure or PJI (as defined by the 2018 criteria). All blood samples were collected before antibiotic administration. Samples were tested using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as markers for gut permeability. A total of 134 patients were included in the study of which 44 patients had PJI (30 chronic and 14 acute), and the remaining 90 patients were categorized as non-infected that included 64 patients revised for aseptic failure, and 26 patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty. Both Zonulin (7.642 ± 6.077 ng/mL vs 4.560 ± 3.833 ng/mL; p &lt; 0.001) and sCD14 levels (555.721 ± 216.659 ng/mL vs 396.872 ± 247.920 ng/mL; p = 0.003) were significantly elevated in the PJI group compared to non-infected cases. Higher levels of Zonulin were found in acute infections compared to chronic PJI (11.595 ± 6.722 ng/mL vs. 5.798 ± 4.841 ng/mL; p = 0.005). This prospective study reveals a possible link between gut permeability and the 'gut-immune-joint axis' in PJI. If this association continues to be borne out with a larger cohort and more in-depth analysis, it will have a clinically significant implication in managing patients with PJI. It may be that in addition to the administration of antimicrobials, patients with PJI and other orthopaedic infections may benefit from administration of gastrointestinal modulators such as pro and prebiotics.
Association of body mass index with clinical outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest adult patients following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2017)

BMI was not associated with in-hospital mortality who underwent ECPR. Neurologic outcomes at discharge or procedural complications following ECPR were not related with BMI either.
Habitat imaging of tumor evolution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (2019)

Tumors are spatially heterogeneous, stemming from selection pressures on physiologically distinct sub-regions, also called tumor habitats in an analogy to evolutionary ecology. Different habitats may respond differently to therapy, which has a great impact in the clinical outcome. Non-invasive imaging analyses capable of assessing distinct tumor sub-regions rather than the entire tumor, are promising to longitudinally and more realistically monitor the tumor progression and response to therapy. Habitat imaging is a technique that aspires to interrogate these distinct local environments, in which Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been explored due to the biophysical principles that govern MRI signal generation. Different functional imaging sequences can be used to segment the tumor into distinct sub-regions. However, biological assumptions from imaging should be made with caution, and a ground truth must be provided by corresponding histological data. This chapter presents studies that have proposed different analyses in specific MRI sequences, as well as multiparametric MRI, to define tumor sub-regions and to assess intratumoral heterogeneity.
Instruments and technologies looking alike lock-in amplifier (1995)

We point out that the holography, optical heterodyning and crossed-beam light scattering by thermal fluctuation have the same input-output relation as the lock-in amplifier has.
Radiation Thresholds for Synthetic Elastomers (1985)

Synthetic elastomeric materials, when used in systems that must operate in radiation fields, frequently comprise the weakest link for materials. The results of a comprehensive tabulation of mechanical response data are summarized in graphical form useful to designers. General information on elastomers is given along with electrical, outgassing and thermal response data.
Determination of mass transport characteristics for natural organic matter (NOM) in ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes (2002)

This study is mainly concerned with establishing a reliable method of the quantitative analysis of natural organic matter (NOM) transport characteristics through ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes with molecular weight cutoffs of 8000 (GM) and 250 (ESNA), respectively. Filtrations were conducted with a cross-flow filtration unit and hydrodynamic operating conditions were controlled by a J0/k ratio (the ratio of initial permeate flux [J0] to a back diffusional mass transfer coefficient [k]). A four-parameter (the apparent mass transfer coefficient [ka], the solute concentration near the membrane surface [Cm], the solute permeability [Pm], and the reflection coefficient (σ) model based on concentration polarization and irreversible thermodynamics was used to manipulate experimental results quantitatively. With the values of the determined parameters, the transport characteristics of NOM due to different solution chemistries such as pH and ionic strength through UF/NF membrane pores were investigated. This model was also used to demonstrate the effects of NOM structure (hydrophobic/transphilic/hydrophilic) on transport through the membranes, with XAD-8/4 resins fractionation and isolation procedures. Four parameters estimated through the model were revealed to be relevant to elucidate the behaviors of NOM in membranes and corresponding transport-related results were in good agreement with the theoretical descriptions related to the interactions between NOM molecules and membrane surface/pores.
In situ RECRYSTALLIZATION OF IMPLANTED Si IN A HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (1989)

In situ RECRYSTALLIZATION OF IMPLANTED Si IN A HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE was published in EPM ’89: 3rd International Conference on Energy Pulse and Particle Beam Modification of Materials, September 4.–8. 1989, Dresden, GDR on page 155.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Systems in the Isoquinoline Series: Oxazolo‐ and Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]isoquinolines. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasma Changes of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P in Patients with Dialysis Headache (2006)

Little is known of mechanism of dialysis headache (DH). As suggested for migraine, a role for neuropeptides has been investigated. Twenty-four patients under haemodialysis were studied. Twelve of them suffered from DH. The remaining patients were headache free. Blood samples for radioimmunoassay of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were collected from the arteriovenous fistula before and after dialysis treatment. Basal plasma concentrations of CGRP were found to be higher in headache patients. Dialysis significantly decreased CGRP concentrations in both groups. No difference in basal plasma concentrations of SP was observed between groups. At the end of the treatment plasma SP concentrations were reduced in headache-free patients but increased in headache patients. Elevated plasma concentrations of CGRP in patients with DH could represent a biochemical factor contributing to susceptibility to headache. Because of the disputable role of SP in migraine, the significance of the increase of the peptide in plasma during DH remains to be elucidated.
Electrolytic Processes for Pollution Treatment and Pollution Prevention (1995)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Analysis of Specific Applications Conclusions References
591: AN ESTABLISHED DOSING OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN NON-ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER FAILURE (2016)

Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Gaussian Process Landmarking for Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics (2019)

We demonstrate applications of the Gaussian process-based landmarking algorithm proposed in [T. Gao, S. Z. Kovalsky, and I. Daubechies, SIAM J. Math. Data Sci., 1 (2019), pp. 208--236] to geometric morphometrics, a branch of evolutionary biology centered at the analysis and comparisons of anatomical shapes, and compare the automatically sampled landmarks with the "ground truth" landmarks manually placed by evolutionary anthropologists; the results suggest that Gaussian process landmarks perform equally well or better, in terms of both spatial coverage and downstream statistical analysis. We provide a detailed exposition of numerical procedures and feature filtering algorithms for computing high-quality and semantically meaningful diffeomorphisms between disk-type anatomical surfaces.
A multi-institution evaluation of clinical profile anonymization (2015)

Sharing large volumes of clinical data in support of phenome-wide association studies is possible while safeguarding privacy to the underlying individuals.
Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (2020)

Pre-clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI-9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co-medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Phenazine Antibiotics and Antheridic Acid. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Random telegraph signals in small gate-area p-MOS transistors (1993)

We report the observation of random telegraph signals (RTS) in the channel resistances of nominally 1.25 μm×1.25 μm, enhancement‐mode pMOS transistors fabricated using the AT&T 1‐μm radiation hardened technology. Devices were operated in strong inversion in the linear regime. Measurements, performed for temperatures ranging from 77 to 300 K and various gate voltages, show that capture and emission times are both thermally activated and that the capture time depends strongly on the gate voltage. Results suggest that the unfilled trap is charged and that, after capturing a hole, the trap relaxes to a lower energy. Basic features of a model are discussed.
15N NMR study of amino-imino tautomerism in derivatives of 1,4-bis(substituted amino)-9,10-anthraquinones and 1,4-bis(substituted amino)-2,3-dihydro-9,10-anthraquinones (1987)

The 15 N chemical shifts and 1 J ( 15 N, H) coupling constants of 1,4-bis(substituted amino)-9,10-anthraquinones and 1,4-bis(substituted amino)-2,3-dihydro-9,10-anthraquinones indicate that these derivatives exist as true aminoderivatives except for 1,4-bis(phenylamino)-2,3-dihydro-9,10-anthraquinone which forms a tautomeric mixture of the amino and imino forms in deuteriochloroform and hexadeuteriodimethyl sulphoxide.
Probing origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni ion implanted ZnO films with x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2012)

We report x-ray absorption at Zn and Ni K-edges in 200 keV Ni2+ ion implanted ZnO/sapphire films. The implantation fluences are 6 × 1015 and 2 × 1016 ions/cm2, corresponding to 2% and 7% Ni in a ZnO matrix. The measurements reveal a marginal substitution of Ni in ZnO in both the films and also rule out the presence of ferromagnetic Ni metal clusters. The M-H and field cooled-zero field cooled measurements performed via SQUID magnetometry show that the films are ferromagnetic at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization of 2% Ni film is appreciably higher than that of 7% Ni film. The origin of ferromagnetism is understood on the basis of the oxygen vacancy mediated bound magnetic polaron model.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Quasicrystal Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites (2011)

Magnesium-based composites reinforced with stable icosahedral quasicrystal particles have been fabricated via Repeated Plastic Working (RPW) process. The microstructure of the composites has been investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and HREM, and its mechanical properties have also been studied. The results showed that the RPW process could reduce the matrix grain size significantly, and the average grain size of matrix was only about 500 nm after 200 cycles of RPW. A good metallurgical bond interface between the quasicrystal particles and the Mg matrix was found. The composites exhibited the maximum yield strength of 265MPa and the maximum ultimate tensile strength of 309MPa at room temperature, respectively. The enhancement of mechanical properties is attributed to the strengthening effect of the quasicrystal particles and the fine-grain size of matrix.
Hydrate Inhibition in Gas Wells Treated with Two Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (2002)

Abstract Two low dosage gas hydrate inhibitors, antiagglomerant type and a combination antiagglomerant/kinetic polymeric inhibitor have been successfully field tested in a gas producing well. The well located in Canadian foothills posed challenges for the operators. High pressure, low bottomhole temperature and Joule-Thomson gas decompression cooling effect created favorable conditions for gas hydrates at depths below 300 meters. The well would plug-up with hydrates daily in spite of being treated with 400-500 L of methanol. The operator experienced significant monetary losses due to lost production and had to use considerable amounts of chemicals and time to clean-up hydrates from plugged tubings. The inhibitors were applied downhole in 20% to 10% methanol solution. This novel approach allowed utilization of existing solvent storage and pumping equipment so that no capital spending was required when converting the hydrate prevention program from methanol to LDHI treatment. The combination inhibitor was diluted to 20% in methanol in a stock tank and pumped into the well at the approximate rate 30 L/day. Similarly, the antiagglomerant was initially used at 20% solution in methanol and later its concentration was lowered to 10%. The daily inhibitor treatment rate was established at 45 L. Laboratory results indicate the combination product is a better hydrate inhibitor than the antiagglomerant. However, the cost analysis favors the usage of less expensive antiagglomerant in this application. Following the successful treatment of one well, several more similar gas wells throughout the field were identified and converted from methanol hydrate prevention method to antiagglomerant treatment.
An O(N log N) algorithm for shape modeling. (1996)

We present a shape-recovery technique in two dimensions and three dimensions with specific applications in modeling anatomical shapes from medical images. This algorithm models extremely corrugated structures like the brain, is topologically adaptable, and runs in O(N log N) time, where N is the total number of points in the domain. Our technique is based on a level set shape-recovery scheme recently introduced by the authors and the fast marching method for computing solutions to static Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
Solitons and Propagating Domain Walls in Topological Resonator Arrays (2017)

An array of linear resonators with alternating linear–nonlinear bonds can transition from a topologically trivial to a nontrivial band structure as a function of the applied intensity. Here, we demonstrate that edge modes supported by the topology of the band diagram in such arrays can evolve into solitons, sustained by propagating domain walls induced by the local intensity distribution. The character of the nonlinear response is related to intensity-induced topological transitions in band theory, and it can be successfully captured by a continuum model. Our findings open up opportunities for self-reconfigurable topologically protected signal transport in various wave systems from optics to acoustics.
Differential T Cell Responses To Mycobacteria-Secreted Proteins Distinguish Vaccination With Bacille Calmette-Guerin From Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (1994)

The immune responses of healthy recipients of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, tuberculosis (TB) patients, and contacts of TB patients were examined to three major secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MPB59, MPB64, and MPB70. MPB59 evoked a T cell response in 78% of BCG vaccines, 62% of TB patients, and 60% of contacts. MPB64 and MPB70 were recognized by < 15% of BCG vaccinees, half of TB patients, and three-quarters of contacts. TB and leprosy patients had antibody responses to MPB59, but few had antibodies to MPB64 or MPB70. Hybridization of mycobacterial DNA with specific gene probes demonstrated the absence of a gene for MBP64 in the vaccine strain of BCG, but the MPB70 gene was found in all virulent and vaccine BCG strains tested. Since MPB64 and MPB70 can induce delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in infected animals, either of these proteins may have potential as skin test reagents for detecting infection with M. tuberculosis.