gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing High-Performance Micro-Pumps Based on No-Moving-Parts Valves (1997)

Abstract Micro-pumps utilizing no-moving-parts (NMP) valves, driven by a piezoelectric element bonded to a flexible membrane have been developed by a number of research groups (Olsson et al, 1995a; Forster et al, 1995; Gerlach and Wurmus, 1995). Recently, pump heads of over 7 m of H2O have been achieved (Olsson et al, 1996). However, no systematic methods have been reported that predict pump performance and guide the design of optimally performing pumps. We have developed a linearized dynamic system model that provides a detailed understanding of the relationship between a realistic set of system parameters and pump performance. These parameters include flow characteristics of the NMP valves, characteristics of the working fluid, pump geometry, and materials used in fabrication. Utilization of the model as a design tool, resulted in a dramatic improvement from previous “flexible” pump designs with maximum heads of approximately 0.24 m of H2O to a “stiff” design with a maximum head of 4.75 m of H2O, a twenty-fold increase in performance. Corresponding flow rates increased from 85 to 750 μl/min, a nine-fold increase.
Effect of extra- and intracellular sources of CO2 on anaerobic utilization of glucose by Escherichia coli strains deficient in carboxylation-independent fermentation pathways (2017)

The effect of extra- and intracellular CO2 sources on anaerobic glucose utilization by Escherichia coli strains deficient in the main pathways of mixed acid fermentation and possessing a modified system of glucose transport and phosphorylation was studied. Intracellular CO2 generation in the strains was ensured resulting from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Endogenous CO2 formation by pyruvate dehydrogenase stimulated anaerobic glucose consumption by the strains due to the involvement in the fermentation process of condensation reactions between oxaloacetic acid and acetyl-CoA. The availability of an external CO2 source (dissolved in medium sodium bicarbonate) promoted utilization of carbohydrate substrate by favoring the predominant participation in the fermentation of reactions directly dependent on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation. The positive effect of the availability of exogenous СО2 was sharply decreased in recombinant strains with the impaired functionality of the reductive branch of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a result, intracellular СО2 generation coupled to acetyl-CoA formation promoted anaerobic glucose utilization by cells of the corresponding mutants more markedly than the presence in the medium of dissolved sodium bicarbonate.
Formation and properties of metal–oxygen atomic chains (2008)

Suspended chains consisting of single noble metal and oxygen atoms have been formed. We provide evidence that oxygen can react with and be incorporated into metallic one-dimensional atomic chains. Oxygen incorporation reinforces the linear bonds in the chain, which facilitates the creation of longer atomic chains. The mechanical and electrical properties of these diatomic chains have been investigated by determining local vibration modes of the chain and by measuring the dependence of the average chain-conductance on the length of the chain. Additionally, we have performed calculations that give insight into the physical mechanism of the oxygen-induced strengthening of the linear bonds and the conductance of the metal–oxygen chains.
Strategies to minimize fuel consumption of passenger cars during car-following scenarios (2011)

One of the important factors that affects a vehicle's fuel consumption is how it is driven. For a passenger car with an internal combustion engine and continuous variable transmission, this paper quantitatively identified its fuel-optimal driving operations in car-following scenarios and extracted two useful strategies with implementable profiles, Pulse-and-Gliding (PnG) and Constant Speed (CS). After further analysis, it is concluded that as the preceding vehicle's speed increases, a partial Pulse-and-Gliding, full-Pulse-and-Gliding and Constant Speed strategy becomes optimal successively; and their selection is mainly dominated by both static and transient fueling characteristics of engine. Moreover, in a full-PnG operation, engine always switches between minimum BSFC point and idling point while the range error oscillates between its upper and lower bounds.
Flame structure and stabilization in a divergent flow. Relationship between flame stability and eddy structure behind a circular cylinder. (1990)

An experimental study is made on turbulent diffusion flames stabilized by a circular cylinder in a divergent flow. In this paper, stabilization characteristics and flame structure are examined by varying the divergent angle of duct. The fuel used is a commercial grade gaseous propane supplied by exudation from a sintered metal smoothly embodied in the backward stagnation region of the rod. It is found that the positive pressure gradient greatly influences the eddy structure behind the rod, and that two different kinds of combustion patterns exist at the blowoff limit depending on the divergent angle of the duct. They are distinguished by their wake structures: one associated with Karman vortex shedding, the other without it. Also, the blowoff velocity in the former is found to be higher than that in the latter.
Reduced subcortical glutamate/glutamine in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a [1H]MRS study (2013)

Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, relatively few studies have directly measured brain glutamate in ASD adults, or related variation in glutamate to clinical phenotype. We therefore set out to investigate brain glutamate levels in adults with an ASD, comparing these to healthy controls and also comparing results between individuals at different points on the spectrum of symptom severity. We recruited 28 adults with ASD and 14 matched healthy controls. Of those with ASD, 15 fulfilled the 'narrowly' defined criteria for typical autism, whereas 13 met the 'broader phenotype'. We measured the concentration of the combined glutamate and glutamine signal (Glx), and other important metabolites, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in two brain regions implicated in ASD--the basal ganglia (including the head of caudate and the anterior putamen) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex--as well as in a parietal cortex 'control' region. Individuals with ASD had a significant decrease (P<0.001) in concentration of Glx in the basal ganglia, and this was true in both the 'narrow' and 'broader' phenotype. Also, within the ASD sample, reduced basal ganglia Glx was significantly correlated with increased impairment in social communication (P=0.013). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of other metabolites such as choline, creatine (Cr) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the basal ganglia. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Cr and NAA were reduced (P<0.05), although Glx was not. There were no detectable differences in Glx, or any other metabolite, in the parietal lobe control region. There were no significant between-group differences in age, gender, IQ, voxel composition or data quality. In conclusion, individuals across the spectrum of ASD have regionally specific abnormalities in subcortical glutamatergic neurotransmission that are associated with variation in social development.
CLINICAL—LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Iron Levels in Hepatocytes and Portal Tract Cells Predict Progression and Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Chronic Hepatitis C (2011)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Iron may influence severity and progression of non-hemochromatotic liver diseases. Our aim was to assess the relationship of iron and HFE genetic variations to progression and outcomes in the HALT-C Trial and whether PegIFN therapy influenced iron variables. METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive long-term PegIFN [n 400] or no therapy [n 413] for 3.5 y, with follow-up for up to 8.7 y [median 6.0 y]. Associations of patient characteristics with iron variables at baseline and over time were carried out using Kaplan-Meier analyses, Cox regression models, and repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Participants who developed clinical outcomes [CTP 7, ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, SBP, HCC, death] had significantly higher baseline scores for stainable iron in hepatocytes and in portal tract cells than those without. There were significant direct correlations between stainable iron in portal triads and lobular and total Ishak inflammatory and fibrosis scores [P 0.0001]. Iron in triads at baseline increased risk of outcomes (HR 1.35, P 0.02). Stainable iron in hepatocytes decreased, whereas that in portal stromal cells increased significantly [P 0.0001] over time. Serum iron and TIBC fell significantly over time [P 0.0001], as did serum ferritin [P 0.0003]. Chronic PegIFN treatment did not affect stainable iron. HFE genetic variations did not correlate with outcomes, including development of hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Stainable iron in hepatocytes and portal tract cells is a predictor of progression and clinical and histological outcomes in advanced chronic hepatitis C. Chronic lowdose PegIFN therapy did not improve outcomes, nor iron variables.
Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers (2002)

An electric field is used to create a charged jet of polymer solution. As this jet travels in air, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind a charged fiber that can be electrically deflected or collected on a metal screen. Fibers with a variety of cross-sectional shapes and sizes were produced from different polymers. These fibers had diameters in the range of 0.05 to 5 microns. The authors describe the electrospinning process, the processing conditions, fiber morphology, and some possible uses of electrospun fibers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scene detection in Hollywood movies and TV shows (2003)

A scene can be defined as one of the subdivisions of a play in which the setting is fixed, or when it presents continuous action in one place. We propose a novel two-pass algorithm for scene boundary detection, which utilizes the motion content, shot length and color properties of shots as the features. In our approach, shots are first clustered by computing Backward Shot Coherence (BSC) - a shot color similarity measure that detects Potential Scene Boundaries (PSBs) in the videos. In the second pass we compute Scene Dynamics (SD), a function of shot length and the motion content in the potential scenes. In this pass, a scene merging criteria has been developed to remove weak PSBs in order to reduce over segmentation. We also propose a method to describe the content of each scene by selecting one representative image. The segmentation of video data into number of scenes facilitates an improved browsing of videos in electronic form, such as video on demand, digital libraries, Internet. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a variety of videos that include five Hollywood movies, one sitcom, and one interview program and promising results have been obtained.
Novel voltage balancing algorithm for single‐phase cascaded multilevel inverter for post‐module failure operation in solar photovoltaic applications (2018)

Four cascaded quasi‐impedance source inverter (qZSI) modules are required for achieving nine‐level output voltage waveform. In case of one module failure, number of levels in output voltage are reduced to seven. This leads to decrease in the output voltage magnitude and increased THD (higher than conventional seven‐level qZSI). This is due to the dominance of unwanted harmonic component introduced in the harmonic spectrum. To restore voltage magnitude and optimize THD performance, novel voltage balancing algorithm is proposed. To validate the control algorithm for off‐grid and grid connected system, simulation results of the multilevel qZSI are discussed in two categories: (i) DC voltage source powered multilevel qZSI for RL load subjected to module failure and (ii) solar powered multilevel qZSI connected to utility grid subjected to module failure and variable solar irradiation. Pre‐fault and post‐fault performance of the system with the proposed control algorithm is discussed for both categories, which validates the effectiveness of the algorithm. Hardware results for proof‐of‐concept are discussed for DC voltage source fed cascaded qZSI connected to RL load during pre‐fault and post‐fault conditions. FPGA Virtex‐5 is used for hardware implementation of the control algorithm. The results validate the improvement in output voltage both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Commercial production of Narcissus bulbs (2002)

Narcissus (daffodil) bulbs have been an important floricultural crop in western
Europe since the late nineteenth century, although the bulbs have been grown in
the Netherlands since the sixteenth century and Narcissus hispanicus has been
cultivated in the UK for over 300 years as ‘N. maximus’ or ‘N. maximum superbus’
(Doorenbos, 1954). In a 1998 survey of consumers in the UK, daffodils were rated
eighth in popularity amongst cut-flowers and achieved sixth position in value of
sales, despite being relatively inexpensive and not available throughout the year
(FPA, 1999). At the start of the twenty-first century, the narcissus or daffodil
remains one of the major ornamental bulb crops grown in temperate regions, with
large areas of field-grown crops providing both bulbs and flowers, while bulb
‘forcing’ in glasshouses provides flowers and pot-plants over an extended season.
Rees (1993) estimated that the area of narcissus grown in gardens, parks, cemeteries,
etc., is five-times the area grown commercially. The histories of commercial bulb
growing in the UK, Netherlands and US, the major producing countries, have
been described by Dobbs (1983), Krelage (1946) and Gould (1993), respectively.
A Controversial Close-Up of Humanity's Health (2012)

Kudos and criticism greet a landmark new report, filling the largest ever issue of The Lancet , on the global burden of disease.
<title>Electrically controllable liquid crystal elastomer-graphite composite artifical muscles</title> (2002)

Reported is the fabrication method and experimental results pertaining to a new class of liquid crystal elastometer- graphite (LCE-G) composites as electrically controllable biomimetic artificial muscles. These films (10mmx20mmx0.32mm) of monodomain nematic liquid side chain crystal elastomers graphite (LSCE-G) composites were transversely pressed between uniform layers of fine graphite powder of 2 microns average diameter under a stress of 100 kPa. The resulting composite expanded to (12 mmx24mmx0.33mm) and had about 53% by volume embedded graphite powder. The composite became a conductor and had an effective resistivity of about 2 ohms/square on its surface and about 1 ohmsquare across its thickness. Upon applying DC voltage of 0.5 to 5 volts to the samples for 4 seconds, under a stress if abiyt 10 kPa, the sample contracted quickly in about a second to about 18 mm lengthwise with an average linear strain of about 25%. The samples generally had negligible contractions in the thickness and transverse direction. The cooling was also quick and it took the sample about 4.4 seconds to revert back to its initial length.
Piezo-locking a diode laser with saturated absorption spectroscopy (2008)

We demonstrate modulation-based frequency locking of an external cavity diode laser, utilizing a piezo-electrically actuated mirror, external to the laser cavity, to create an error signal from saturated absorption spectroscopy. With this method, a laser stabilized to a rubidium hyperfine transition has a FWHM of 130 kHz over seconds, making the locked laser suitable for experiments in atomic physics, such as creating and manipulating Bose-Einstein condensates. This technique combines the advantages of low-amplitude modulation, simplicity, performance, and price, factors that are usually considered to be mutually exclusive.
An Analysis on Landscape Ecological Pattern of the Geumho River Watershed Forest (2004)

An artificial disturbance like fragmentation in watershed forest has impacted a sustainability of watershed ecosystem, therefore this research quantified the landscape structure in the Geumho river watershed using landscape indices and GIS. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest distributed maps for 24 subwatersheds. Three common factors, which explained about 85% of the variation in the original data, were extracted by a factor analysis. The fragmentation gradient in forest landscape, which was calculated from the factor scores, was correlated with proportion of urban land (r=0.827, p=0.685), elevation (r=-0.637, p
ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE GAS-SOLID REACTIONS DURING THE GASIFICATION OF CHAR IN OIL SHALE BLOCKS. (1981)

A mathematical model is presented for the major high-temperature chemical reactions occurring in the absence of O/sub 2/ within a block of spent oil shale: decomposition of dolomite and calcite, char pyrolysis, carbon gasification with CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O, water-gas shift, and intrablock diffusive and convective flow of CO/sub 2/, CO, H/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O. To establish the validity of the computer model, experiments were performed on cylindrical blocks of oil shale having a mass of about 8 kg. The blocks were heated in an electric furnace and swept with heated gas of controllable composition that included steam. Maximum block surface temperatures of 750/sup 0/C and 815/sup 0/C were used. The computer model produced excellent simulations of the experimental carbon gasification reactions. Accurate simulation of the carbon gasification reactions required the use of intrinsic rate coefficients that were substantially lower than those previously measured for powdered samples. The water-gas shift had an almost negligible effect on the rate of carbon gasification in all runs.
Isthmin is a novel vascular permeability inducer that functions through cell-surface GRP78-mediated Src activation (2015)

ISM is a novel VP inducer that functions through cell-surface GRP78-mediated Src activation as well as induction of apoptosis. It induces a direct GRP78-Src interaction, leading to cytoplasmic Src activation. ISM contributes to pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability of LPS-induced ALI in mice.
Active authentication by mouse movements (2009)

We present an application for authenticating users with mouse movements. We extract the features from nine paths between seven squares displayed consecutively on the screen. Although the paths among the squares are fixed, user can not get familiar to the paths by the selection algorithm of next path. This prevents similar results from different users. We experimented on improving the success rate, by selecting the optimal time interval between mouse movement points and refining features to obtain valid data. Experiment's results presented a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 5.9% and a false reject rate (FRR) of 5.9%.
Pulsating Flow Characteristics of Hot-Wire Air Flow Meter for Gasoline Fuel-Injection System. (1993)

Pulsating flow characteristics of hot-wire air flow meters for gasoline fuelinjection systems were investigated to analyze simple methods of measuring data processing. It was clarified that backward flow components due to pulsation are detected as forward flow by the probe in the conventional meters, increasing errors. The errors due to pulsation can be reduced by using a meter with a hot-wire probe located in a bypass passage, compensating aerodynamically forward and backward flow components.
[MELAS associated with diabetes mellitus and point mutation in mitochondrial DNA]. (1992)

Point mutation of mitochondrial DNA has been described in the blood from a MELAS patient. The 39-year-old patient developed progressive dementia, stroke-like episodes, heart conduction defect (Lown-Ganong-Levin syndrome) and cortical blindness. CT scan revealed brain atrophy and low density areas in the bilateral occipital lobes. Laboratory tests showed hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis. Muscle biopsy showed ragged red fibers on Gomori trichrome staining. He was clinically diagnosed as having MELAS and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Onset of diabetes mellitus and MELAS was almost same. Family history showed his mother's brother and sisters had also insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We amplified the leucine (UUR) tRNA gene from the patient's blood with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed it by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. Genetic analysis showed A-to-G substitution at the nucleotide position 3243 in the leucine (UUR) tRNA gene. This substitution made a new restriction site Apa I. Mutant DNA coexisted with wild type DNA (heteroplasmy). It is shown that in some types of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, especially patients of Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), diabetes mellitus is often complicated. And in KSS patients insulin receptor in normal, but insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas is decreased. In MELAS patients, however, has diabetes mellitus been reported to be rarely complicated and relationship between MELAS and diabetes mellitus is not done. As far as we know, two cases, including ours, with genetically diagnosed MELAS have been reported to have diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Local antimicrobial therapy after initial periodontal treatment (2002)

Abstract Aim: The aim of this single‐blind, randomized, parallel‐designed clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of three sustained‐release biodegradable polymers delivered into periodontal pockets following initial periodontal therapy. Methods: Forty‐seven patients (28 females and 19 males) with a mean age of 51 years (range 29–71) underwent a periodontal examination at baseline (i.e. Week 0) and after 18 weeks. This included the assessment of the Plaque Index (PlI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depths (PPD) and Probing Attachment Levels (PAL) at six sites per tooth. Two to 4 months prior to baseline, all subjects had received initial periodontal therapy including motivation, instruction in oral hygiene practices and full‐mouth scaling and root planing. At the treatment appointment (i.e. Week 2), the patients were randomly assigned to receive either Atridox™, Elyzol ® Dental Gel or PerioChip ® at all residual periodontal pockets with a probing depth ≥ 5 mm and concomitant BOP. In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, Elyzol ® Dental Gel was applied for a second time 7 days later. In addition to the clinical evaluation, subgingival microbiological samples were collected prior to treatment (i.e. Week 2) and at Weeks 4 and 18. Analysis of variance/covariance was used to evaluate changes from baseline to Week 18 for the clinical parameters. Results: Between the baseline and 18‐week examinations, subjects treated with Atridox showed a significantly greater gain in mean PAL of 0.33 mm ± 0.09 (SD) than subjects treated with Elyzol ® Dental Gel [0.03 mm ± 0.09 (SD)] (p = 0.03). However, the gain in PAL of 0.16 mm ± 0.10 (SD) found after PerioChip ® application did not differ significantly from that obtained following the application of Atridox TM (p = 0.27). Of the sites treated with Atridox TM , 42% gained ≥ 1 mm PAL and 9% ≥ 2 mm PAL as opposed to the sites treated with Elyzol ® Dental Gel, in which 34% gained ≥ 1 mm PAL and 8% gained ≥ 2 mm PAL. Of the sites treated with PerioChip ® , 36% gained ≥ 1 mm and 6% gained ≥ 2 mm PAL following a completed initial periodontal therapy. Conclusions: The application of the three biodegradable sustained release devices tested following initial periodontal therapy resulted in a statistically significant gain in mean PAL for Atridox TM and a significant reduction in PPD for all three devices during the study period. Furthermore, when sites treated with Atridox TM were compared with sites treated with Elyzol ® , a significant difference in mean PAL gain (0.3 mm) was observed.