gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Irrigating solutions for arthroscopy. A metabolic study. (1983)

Arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgical procedures have become commonplace in orthopaedic practice. Normal saline solution, commonly used in large quantities as an irrigating solution, is in fact not physiological, and we showed that it inhibits normal synthesis of proteoglycan by the chondrocytes. Ringer lactate seemed to support cartilage metabolism as well as an "ideal" tissue-culture medium (Ham F12 solution). Since Ringer solution and normal saline cost the same in our hospital, we strongly recommend that this more physiological solution be used for arthroscopic procedures.
Multifunctional hybrid nanoconstructs facilitate intracellular localization of doxorubicin and genistein to enhance apoptotic and anti-angiogenic efficacy in breast adenocarcinoma (2019)

The progressive development of tumors leading to angiogenesis marks the advancement of cancer which requires specific targeted treatment preferably with combination chemotherapy. However, there is still a long way to go to develop an efficient delivery system that could overcome the tumor microenvironment to achieve efficient delivery. Therefore, we have developed spermine (SPM) tethered lipo-polymeric hybrid nanoconstructs with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) specificity for higher intracellular localization and pH dependent charge reversal in the tumor microenvironment (below pH 5.8) to facilitate Doxorubicin (Dox) and Genistein (Gen) release in a synergistic combination. We have observed the specific uptake of SPM anchored hybrid nanoconstructs by receptor-mediated endocytosis in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) through the HSPG receptor. The SPM-D + G/NPs induced a higher rate of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and also exhibited a stronger anti-angiogenic effect governing the inhibition of VEGF pathway modulation, proliferation, invasion and migration of HUVECs in in vitro and in vivo Balb/c mouse models. The involvement of Akt/Hif1α/VEGF dependent signal cascading and its down-regulation with a pro-apoptotic drug Dox and an anti-angiogenic agent Gen was evident as demonstrated by an in silico docking study and subsequently proven by RT-PCR and western blotting. Altogether this study highlights the potential role of SPM in targeting HSPG receptors and synergistic delivery of Dox and Gen as a promising strategy to effectively inhibit BAC progression and these findings could open a new window to deliver combinations of chemotherapeutic agents along with anti-angiogenic ligands using hybrid nanoparticles.
Studies on the CPA cysteine peptidase in the Leishmania infantum genome strain JPCM5 (2006)

The data suggest that CPA is not essential for replication of L. infantum promastigotes, but is important for the host-parasite interaction. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the precise roles that LiCPA plays and why the re-expression of LiCPA in the DeltaLicpa mutants complemented the gene deletion phenotype only in in vitro and not in in vivo infection of hamsters.
Right ventricular cardiac dysfunction in beta-thalassemia major. (1987)

In patients with iron overload associated with severe, transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia, congestive heart failure develops during the second decade of life. Biventricular heart function was studied by multigated radionuclide angiography in 22 patients with beta-thalassemia major. Six patients were symptomatic. Congestive heart failure developed in five patients at the time of blood transfusions, and one other patient had been treated for multiple ventricular extrasystole. The mean (+/- SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was normal (63.0% +/- 7.6%). Only one patient had a left ventricular ejection fraction under the normal level (less than 50%). The mean (+/- SD) right ventricular fraction (RVEF) was 33.3% +/- 9.4%. In only three patients was the RVEF normal (greater than or equal to 40%); an RVEF under 30% was registered in six patients. We suggest that the early right ventricular dysfunction in patients with beta-thalassemia may be due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to iron overload and iron deposits in the ventricles.
Skin Temperature Circadian Rhythms and Dysautonomia in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Role of Endothelin-1 in the Vascular Tone Dysregulation (2023)

There is accumulating evidence of autonomic dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS); however, little is known about its association with circadian rhythms and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the autonomic responses through an orthostatic test and analysis of the peripheral skin temperature variations and vascular endothelium state in ME/CFS patients. Sixty-seven adult female ME/CFS patients and 48 healthy controls were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using validated self-reported outcome measures. Postural changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and wrist temperature were recorded during the orthostatic test. Actigraphy during one week was used to determine the 24-h profile of peripheral temperature and activity. Circulating endothelial biomarkers were measured as indicators of endothelial functioning. Results showed that ME/CFS patients presented higher blood pressure and heart rate values than healthy controls in the supine and standing position (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both), and also a higher amplitude of the activity rhythm (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly higher in ME/CFS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In ME/CFS, ET-1 levels were associated with the stability of the temperature rhythm (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and also with the self-reported questionnaires (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This suggests that ME/CFS patients exhibited modifications in circadian rhythm and hemodynamic measures, which are associated with endothelial biomarkers (ET-1 and VCAM-1). Future investigation in this area is needed to assess dysautonomia and vascular tone abnormalities, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for ME/CFS.
Impact of indirect transitions on valley polarization in WS$_2$ and WSe$_2$ (2020)

Controlling the momentum of carriers in semiconductors, known as valley polarization, is a new resource for optoelectronics and information technologies. Materials exhibiting high polarization are needed for valley-based devices. Few-layer WS$_2$ shows a remarkable spin-valley polarization above 90%, even at room temperature. In stark contrast, polarization is absent for few-layer WSe$_2$ despite the expected material similarities. Here, we explain the origin of valley polarization in both materials based on the interplay between two indirect optical transitions. We show that the relative energy minima at the $Λ$- and K-valleys in the conduction band determine the spin-valley polarization of the direct K-K transition. Polarization appears as the energy of the K-valley rises above the $Λ$-valley as a function of temperature and number of layers. Our results advance the understanding of the high spin-valley polarization in WS$_2$. This insight will impact the design of both passive and tunable valleytronic devices operating at room temperature.
Wear properties of alumina/zirconia composite ceramics for joint prostheses measured with an end-face apparatus. (2004)

While only alumina is applied to all-ceramic joint prostheses at present, a stronger ceramic is required to prevent fracture and chipping due to impingement and stress concentration. Zirconia could be a potential substitute for alumina because it has high strength and fracture toughness. However, the wear of zirconia/zirconia combination is too high for clinical use. Although some investigations on composite ceramics revealed that mixing of different ceramics was able to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, there are few reports about wear properties of composite ceramics for joint prosthesis. Since acetabular cup and femoral head of artificial hip joint are finished precisely, they indicate high geometric conformity. Therefore, wear test under flat contact was carried out with an end-face wear testing apparatus for four kinds of ceramics: alumina monolith, zirconia monolith, alumina-based composite ceramic, and zirconia based composite ceramic. Mean contact pressure was 10 MPa and sliding velocity was 40 mm/s. The wear test continued for 72 hours and total sliding distance was 10 km. After the test, the wear factor was calculated. Worn surfaces were observed with a scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The results of this wear test show that the wear factors of the both composite ceramics are similarly low and their mechanical properties are much better than those of the alumina monolith and the zirconia monolith. According to these results, it is predicted that joint prostheses of the composite ceramics are safer against break down and have longer lifetime compared with alumina/alumina joint prostheses.
Towards efficient time-resolved X-ray absorption studies of electron dynamics at photocatalytic interfaces (2016)

We present a picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) setup designed for synchrotron-based studies of interfacial photochemical dynamics. The apparatus combines a high power, variable repetition rate picosecond laser system with a time-resolved X-ray fluorescence yield detection technique. Time-tagging of the detected fluorescence signals enables the parallel acquisition of X-ray absorption spectra at a variety of pump-probe delays employing the well-defined time structure of the X-ray pulse trains. The viability of the setup is demonstrated by resolving dynamic changes in the fine structure near the O1s X-ray absorption edge of cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) after photo-excitation with a 355 nm laser pulse. Two distinct responses are detected. A pronounced, quasi-static, reversible change of the Cu<sub>2</sub>O O1s X-ray absorption spectrum by up to ∼30% compared to its static line shape corresponds to a redshift of the absorption edge by ∼1 eV. This value is small compared to the 2.2 eV band gap of Cu<sub>2</sub>O but in agreement with previously published results. The lifetime of this effect exceeds the laser pulse-to-pulse period of 8 μs, resulting in a quasi-static spectral change that persists as long as the sample is exposed to the laser light, and completely vanishes once the laser is blocked. Additionally, a short-lived response corresponding to a laser-induced shift of the main absorption line by ∼2 eV to lower energies appears within <200 ps and decays with a characteristic timescale of 43 ± 5 ns. Both the picosecond rise and nanosecond decay of this X-ray response are simultaneously captured by making use of a time-tagging approach - highlighting the prospects of the experimental setup for efficient probing of the electronic and structural dynamics in photocatalytic systems on multiple timescales.
USING CLASSIFICATION TREES FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY MODELS: LESSONS LEARNED (1999)

High software reliability is an important attribute of high-assurance systems. Software quality models yield timely predictions of quality indicators on a module-by-module basis, enabling one to focus on finding faults early in development. This paper introduces the Classification And Regression Trees (CART) a algorithm to practitioners in high-assurance systems engineering. This paper presents practical lessons learned on building classification trees for software quality modeling, including an innovative way to control the balance between misclassification rates. A case study of a very large telecommunications system used CART to build software quality models. The models predicted whether or not modules would have faults discovered by customers, based on various sets of software product and process metrics as independent variables. We found that a model based on two software product metrics had comparable accuracy to a model based on forty product and process metrics.
Slide, Constrain, Parse, Repeat: Synchronous SlidingWindows for Document AMR Parsing (2023)

The sliding window approach provides an elegant way to handle contexts of sizes larger than the Transformer's input window, for tasks like language modeling. Here we extend this approach to the sequence-to-sequence task of document parsing. For this, we exploit recent progress in transition-based parsing to implement a parser with synchronous sliding windows over source and target. We develop an oracle and a parser for document-level AMR by expanding on Structured-BART such that it leverages source-target alignments and constrains decoding to guarantee synchronicity and consistency across overlapping windows. We evaluate our oracle and parser using the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parsing 3.0 corpus. On the Multi-Sentence development set of AMR 3.0, we show that our transition oracle loses only 8\% of the gold cross-sentential links despite using a sliding window. In practice, this approach also results in a high-quality document-level parser with manageable memory requirements. Our proposed system performs on par with the state-of-the-art pipeline approach for document-level AMR parsing task on Multi-Sentence AMR 3.0 corpus while maintaining sentence-level parsing performance.
Dissociable prefrontal brain systems for attention and emotion (2002)

The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in a variety of attentional, executive, and mnemonic mental operations, yet its functional organization is still highly debated. The present study used functional MRI to determine whether attentional and emotional functions are segregated into dissociable prefrontal networks in the human brain. Subjects discriminated infrequent and irregularly presented attentional targets (circles) from frequent standards (squares) while novel distracting scenes, parametrically varied for emotional arousal, were intermittently presented. Targets differentially activated middle frontal gyrus, posterior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Novel distracters activated inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus, with significantly stronger activation evoked by the emotional scenes. The anterior cingulate gyrus was the only brain region with equivalent responses to attentional and emotional stimuli. These results show that attentional and emotional functions are segregated into parallel dorsal and ventral streams that extend into prefrontal cortex and are integrated in the anterior cingulate. These findings may have implications for understanding the neural dynamics underlying emotional distractibility on attentional tasks in affective disorders.
Evidence and Experience of Procurement in Health Sector Decentralisation (2017)

Improving the efficiency, effectiveness, equity and responsiveness of supply chains and procurement processes for pharmaceuticals, vaccines and other health products, which make up a large share of total health expenditure in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), has important implications for health system performance and population health. Decentralised governance of health services provides greater autonomy in planning, management and decision making from national to sub-national level and has occurred in many LMICs largely as a response to the primary healthcare approach promoted by international agencies. Evidence suggests that procurement is more efficient when centralised because of economies of scale and improved purchasing power whilst other health system functions such as financing and planning/budgeting benefit more from local context-specific implementation. Nepal is embarking on a process of decentralisation after adopting a federal approach to local governance. This helpdesk report looks at other countries to summarise key findings and lessons learnt from decentralised procurement.
Nebulizer delivery of tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract (1994)

We characterized a tobramycin aerosol generated by five nebulizers: Micron One, Pulmosonic, Pulmo-Aide, DeVilbiss Model 65, and UltraNeb 100 by particle size and drug concentration. The Micron One nebulizer did not produce a recoverable aerosol, while the Pulmosonic had a minimal output; therefore three machines were examined for their ability to deliver tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The DeVilbiss 65 had the greatest output: with air as the carrier gas it produced an aerosol with > 60% of the particles having a mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of > 5.5 microns. Using helox shifted the MMAD so that > 65% of the particles were < 5.5 microns. Increasing the power in the DeVilbiss 65 increased the output of particles > 9.2 microns, without a change in the particles < 3.3 microns. With air as the carrier gas the Pulmo-Aide and the UltraNeb 100 produced an aerosol with > 60% particles, < 3.3 microns MMAD. Using helox the UltraNeb 100 increased the amount of aerosol with a < 3.3 microns MMAD to 98%. Tobramycin delivery to the lower respiratory tract with the Pulmo-Aide and UltraNeb 100 was compared using air or helox by measuring sputum drug concentration. Pulmo-Aide failed to produce detectable tobramycin in sputum in 2 out of 9 patients with CF. With the UltraNeb 100, all patients had measurable sputum tobramycin immediately after administration (range, 16.2-3385 micrograms/g), but no statistically significant difference was found when using either compressed air, helox, or ambient air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis and characterization of a novel bipolar polymer for light-emitting diodes (1998)

A novel bipolar light-emitting polymer containing both efficient hole and electron injecting/transporting segments exhibiting high thermal stability (Td = 445 °C), good electrochemical reversibility, excellent thin film-forming and light-emitting properties (bright yellow emission, a rectification ratio greater than 105 and a low turn-on voltage of 3.7 V) is reported.
Ultrafast spectroscopy of biliverdin dimethyl ester in solution: pathways of excited-state depopulation (2020)

Biliverdin is a bile pigment that has a very low fluorescence quantum yield in solution, but serves as a chromophore in far-red fluorescent proteins being developed for bio-imaging. In this work, excited-state dynamics of biliverdin dimethyl ether (BVE) in solvents were investigated using femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This study is the first fs timescale investigation of BVE in solvents, and therefore revealed numerous dynamics that were not resolved in previous, 200 ps time resolution measurements. Viscosity- and isotope-dependent experiments were performed to identify the contributions of isomerization and proton transfer to the excited-state dynamics. In aprotic solvents, a ∼2 ps non-radiative decay accounts for 95% of the excited-state population loss. In addition, a minor ∼30 ps emissive decay pathway is likely associated with an incomplete isomerization process around the C15[double bond, length as m-dash]C16 double bond that results in a flip of the D-ring. In protic solvents, the dynamics are more complex due to hydrogen bond interactions between solute and solvent. In this case, the ∼2 ps decay pathway is a minor channel (15%), whereas ∼70% of the excited-state population decays through an 800 fs emissive pathway. The ∼30 ps timescale associated with isomerization is also observed in protic solvents. The most significant difference in protic solvents is the presence of a >300 ps timescale in which BVE can decay through an emissive state, in parallel with excited-state proton transfer to the solvent. Interestingly, a small fraction of a luminous species, which we designate lumin-BVE (LBVE), is present in protic solvents.
A hybrid coherent-incoherent method of modulation filtering for Single Channel Speech Separation (2012)

Single Channel Speech Separation has been the objective of extensive research in recent years. In this paper, we propose a hybrid system of coherent and incoherent modulation filtering for separation of the target speech from the interference. In the proposed system, subband envelopes are determined using a coherently detected subband carrier based on the time-dependent spectral Center-Of-Gravity (COG) demodulation and then the interference signal is eliminated by applying the adaptive Affine Projection (AP) filter to the subband envelop. The reference signal for the adaptive AP filter is provided by a parallel incoherent system of modulation filtering. Our evaluations, based on several objective measures, indicate that the proposed system extracts the majority of target speech signal segments with minimal interference, outperforming previous systems in voiced speech separation.
LABORATORY DECAY RESISTANCE OF PRESERVATIVE-TREATED RED ALDER' (1988)

Alder represents an abundant but underutilized resource that has little natural resistance to decay.Treated alder might be used for stakes, posts, or other nonstructural applications.The performance of alder treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), copper 8 quinolinolate, zinc naphthenate (ZN), or thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) was assessed in soil block tests.CCA provided the best protection, and ZN and TCMTB provided reasonably good protection.Copper 8 required loadings of at least 6 kg/m3 to provide protection.
Isolation of octapeptin D. Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XXVII. (1980)

A new peptide antibiotic complex, named octapeptin D, was isolated from culture broth of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. The trihydrochloride of the antibiotic was obtained as a colorless powder, soluble in water and methanol. The empirical formula, C47H88N12O11.3HCl.H2O, was indicated by elemental analysis. Amino acid analysis on the acid hydrolyzate demonstrated the presence of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (4 moles), serine (1 mole) and leucine (3 moles). Gas chromatographic analysis with the methylated product of the ethereal extract of the acid hydrolyzate revealed the presence of beta-hydroxy isodecanoic acid, beta-hydroxy decanoic acid, beta-hydroxy isoundecanoic acid and beta-hydroxyanteisoundecanoic acid. Octapeptin D is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.
Adsorption of the natural protein surfactant Rsn-2 onto liquid interfaces (2017)

To stabilize foams, droplets and films at liquid interfaces a range of protein biosurfactants have evolved in nature. Compared to synthetic surfactants, these combine surface activity with biocompatibility and low solution aggregation. One recently studied example is Rsn-2, a component of the foam nest of the frog Engystomops pustulosus, which has been predicted to undergo a clamshell-like opening transition at the air-water interface. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and surface tension measurements we study the adsorption of Rsn-2 onto air-water and cyclohexane-water interfaces. The protein adsorbs readily at both interfaces, with adsorption mediated by the hydrophobic N-terminus. At the cyclohexane-water interface the clamshell opens, due to the favourable interaction between hydrophobic residues and cyclohexane molecules and the penetration of cyclohexane molecules into the protein core. Simulations of deletion mutants showed that removal of the N-terminus inhibits interfacial adsorption, which is consistent with the surface tension measurements. Deletion of the hydrophilic C-terminus also affects adsorption, suggesting that this plays a role in orienting the protein at the interface. The characterisation of the interfacial behaviour gives insight into the factors that control the interfacial adsorption of proteins, which may inform new applications of this and similar proteins in areas including drug delivery and food technology and may also be used in the design of synthetic molecules showing similar changes in conformation at interfaces.