gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of indocyanine green dye in polymeric micelles for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and cancer treatment (2020)

One of the most commonly used near infrared (NIR) dyes is indocyanine green (ICG), which has been extensively used for NIR bioimaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. However, upon excitation this dye can react with molecular oxygen to form singlet oxygen (SO), which can then cleave ICG to form non-fluorescent debris. In order to reduce the reaction between ICG and oxygen, we used energy transfer (ET) between the former and the NIR dye IR-1061. The two dyes were encapsulated in micelles composed of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG). Micelles were characterized for their size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and were found to measure about 35 nm in diameter. Fluorescence emission measurements were conducted to show that the stability of ICG against photodecomposition is increased. Moreover, this increased stability allows the encapsulated dye to generate more heat and for a longer time, compared to its free form. Studies with a SO indicator showed that as more IR-1061 is added to the micelles, less SO is produced. These results show how by changing the amount of added IR-1061 it is possible to tune the heat and SO generated by the system. Cell viability studies demonstrated that while particles were nontoxic under physiological conditions, upon 808 nm irradiation they become potent at eradicating MCF7 cancer cells. Moreover, it was demonstrated that both the increase of temperature and the creation of decomposition debris play a role in the cytotoxic efficacy of the micelles. Dye-loaded micelles that were injected to live mice showed bright fluorescence in the over 1000 nm NIR (OTN-NIR) region, allowing for visualization of blood vessels and internal organs. Most importantly, the encapsulated dyes remained stable for over 30 minutes, gradually accumulating in the liver and spleen. The presence of IR-1061 in addition to the heat-generating dye ICG allowed for simultaneous temperature modification and monitoring. We were able to assess the change in temperature by measuring the change in the fluorescence intensity of IR-1061 in the OTN-NIR region, a range with deep penetration of living tissues. These features illustrate the potential use of ICG/IR-1061 in PCL-PEG micelles as promising candidates for cancer treatment and diagnosis.
Determination of optical constants of adsorbed layer for the state analysis of the electrode surface (1983)

電極/電解質溶液の接触界面で生じる吸着層の光学定数(屈折率及び減衰係数)を決定する手段として,鏡面反射率測定法の適用を試みた.薬物としてバルビタール,生体関連物質としてアデニン,2'-デオキシアデノシン及びチミン,そして芳香族多環化合物としてベンゼン,ナフタレン及びアントラセンをとりあげ,これらの金電極への吸着系を取り扱った.吸着により引き起こされる電極界面の反射率変化量を垂直偏光及び平行偏光を用いて測定し,その測定値をMcIntyre-Aspnesの基礎理論式に導入して吸着層の光学定数を算出した.いずれの有機化合物の吸着層も,(400～525)nmにおいて求めた屈折率は1.5～2.5であって,これは結晶状態にあるときの値にかなり近い値である.一方減衰係数はアントラセンとナフタレン以外はいずれも零に近い値であった。このことは,吸着層の光学定数決定法として鏡面反射率測定法が有望であることを示す.アントラセンとナフタレンの吸着層の減衰係数が苦干大きいが,これはおそらく吸着状態ではπ電子の励起が容易になることを示唆するものと考察した.550nmより長波長側での屈折率,減衰係数の測定には問題点が残されており,今後の解決が望まれる.
Design, synthesis, cytotoxic activity and molecular docking studies of new 20(S)-sulfonylamidine camptothecin derivatives (2020)

20(S)-Sulfonylamidine CPT-derivatives were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity.Several analogs showed superior cytotoxic activity compared to irinotecan.Key structural features related to cytotoxicity were identified by SAR analysis.Compounds 9 and 15c interacted with Topo I-DNA by a different binding mode from CPT.These compounds are new generation CPT-derived antitumor agents.In an ongoing investigation of 20-sulfonylamidine derivatives (9, YQL-9a) of camptothecin (1) as potential anticancer agents directly and selectively inhibiting topoisomerase (Topo) I, the sulfonylamidine pharmacophore was held constant, and a camptothecin derivatives with various substitution patterns were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines, A-549, KB, and multidrug resistant (MDR) KB subline (KBvin). Several analogs showed comparable or superior antiproliferative activity compared to the clinically prescribed 1 and irinotecan (3). Significantly, the 20-sulfonylamidine derivatives exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against KBvin, while 1 and 3 were less active against this cell line. Among them, compound 15c displayed much better cytotoxic activity than the controls 1, 3, and 9. Novel key structural features related to the antiproliferative activities were identified by structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis. In a molecular docking model, compounds 9 and 15c interacted with Topo I-DNA through a different binding mode from 1 and 3. The sulfonylamidine side chains of 9 and 15c could likely form direct hydrogen bonds with Topo I, while hydrophobic interaction with Topo I and π–π stacking with double strand DNA were also confirmed as binding driving forces. The results from docking models were consistent with the SAR conclusions. The introduction of bulky substituents at the 20-position contributed to the altered binding mode of the compound by allowing them to form new interactions with Topo I residues. The information obtained in this study will be helpful for the design of new derivatives of 1 with most promising anticancer activity.CPT (green), 9 (magenta), and 15c (blue) in the binding site of DNA-Topo-I.
Cross‐reactive responses to modified M158–66 peptides by CD8+T cells that use noncanonical BV genes can describe unknown repertoires (2012)

Memory T-cell repertoires are populated by clonotypes selected by an individual's history of antigen exposures. Our previous analysis of middle-age CD8(+) T-cell memory repertoires to the influenza-derived epitope M1(58-66) , described a network of highly cross-reactive BV19 clonotypes responding to M1(58-66) and at least one peptide with a conservative amino acid substitution at either of two TCR contact positions. Here, we report that some substitutions abrogate BV19 responses and favor responses with different BV. Cross-reactive T cells using seven other BV families responded to 12 of 13 peptides tested. BV12 clonotypes define the most extensive cross-reactive network that encompasses seven peptides. We generated 3D networks based on the peptides recognized and BV family used and observed a cluster of five peptides that includes M1(58-66) and another cluster of five peptides that does not include M1(58-66) . The first cluster represents peptides structurally similar to M1(58-66) , and the second represents peptides with more considerable changes in epitope recognition surface. We hypothesize that the second cluster represents the cross-reactive network around another unknown epitope or epitopes. This data supports a model of stable CD8(+) T-cell memory networks that include a substantial contribution from cross-reactive T cells.
Membrane Condenser as a New Technology for Water Recovery from Humidified “Waste” Gaseous Streams (2012)

The potentialities of a membrane condenser for the selective recovery of evaporated wastewater from industrial gases have been investigated in the present paper. Membrane modules have been prepared and their performance has been evaluated in an artificial flue gas stream. A simulation study of the process has been carried out for predicting the membrane-based process performance. The achieved results indicate that a 20% water recovery (the amount to make the plant self-sufficient) can be achieved with temperature reductions less than 5 °C if flue gas is in common conditions (i.e., 50 °C < T < 90 °C and 90% < RH < 100%). To verify the results achieved by the simulation analysis a membrane module with microporous hydrophobic PVDF hollow fibers has been built, and its performance has been evaluated by feeding an artificial flue gas stream. The experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation ones, obtaining deviations less than 2.24%.
Effect of Nozzle Geometry on the Flow Characteristics of Hydroentangling Jets (2003)

Cone-capillary nozzles with varying cone angles from 10° to 120° and a capillary diameter of 120μ are experimentally investigated for their application in the hydroen tanglement process. Cone-up and cone-down configurations in a range of water pressures of 30-120 bar are tested. The effects of the cone angle on flow parameters such as discharge and velocity coefficients and intact length are studied. Flow visualization techniques are used to recognize the flow regimes and characteristics and to inspect and compare the intact length and appearance of the jets. Cone-down nozzles with more consistent flow properties, lower discharges, and higher velocity coefficients are more suitable for the hydroentanglement process. Single-cone nozzles without capillaries and with varying cone angles are also tested. The flow properties of the jets from the single-cone nozzles are compared with the cone-capillary nozzles of the same cone angle to study the effect of the capillary section. The effect of the interaction of adjacent nozzles on the flow from multi-hole nozzles is studied, and the characteristics of the jets from the multi-hole nozzles are compared with the single-hole nozzles.
Stable signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements (2006)

Abstract Suppose we wish to recover a vector x 0 ∈ ℝ 𝓂 (e.g., a digital signal or image) from incomplete and contaminated observations y = A x 0 + e ; A is an 𝓃 × 𝓂 matrix with far fewer rows than columns (𝓃 ≪ 𝓂) and e is an error term. Is it possible to recover x 0 accurately based on the data y ? To recover x 0 , we consider the solution x # to the 𝓁 1 ‐regularization problem where ϵ is the size of the error term e . We show that if A obeys a uniform uncertainty principle (with unit‐normed columns) and if the vector x 0 is sufficiently sparse, then the solution is within the noise level As a first example, suppose that A is a Gaussian random matrix; then stable recovery occurs for almost all such A 's provided that the number of nonzeros of x 0 is of about the same order as the number of observations. As a second instance, suppose one observes few Fourier samples of x 0 ; then stable recovery occurs for almost any set of 𝓃 coefficients provided that the number of nonzeros is of the order of 𝓃/(log 𝓂) 6 . In the case where the error term vanishes, the recovery is of course exact, and this work actually provides novel insights into the exact recovery phenomenon discussed in earlier papers. The methodology also explains why one can also very nearly recover approximately sparse signals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Pivot Bearing-Supported Centrifugal Pump for a Long-Term Assist Heart (1997)

A pivot bearing-supported centrifugal blood pump has been developed. It is a compact, cost effective, and anti-thrombogenic pump with anatomical compatibility. A preliminary evaluation of five paracorporeal left ventricular assist studies were performed on pre-conditioned bovine (70-100 kg), without cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping. The inflow cannula was inserted into the left ventricle (LV) through the apex and the outflow cannula affixed with a Dacron vascular graft was anastomosed to the descending aorta. All pumps demonstrated trouble free performance over a two-week screening period. Among these five studies, three implantations were subjected for one month system validation studies. All the devices were trouble free for longer than 1 month. (35, 34, and 31 days). After achieving one month studies, all experiments were terminated. There was no evidence of device induced thrombus formation inside the pump. The plasma free hemoglobin levels were within normal ranges throughout all experiments. As a consequence of these studies, a mass production model C1E3 of this pump was fabricated as a short-term assist pump. This pump has a Normalized Index of Hemolysis of 0.0007 mg/100L and the estimated wear life of the impeller bearings is longer than 8 years. The C1E3 will meet the clinical requirements as a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. For the next step, a miniaturized pivot bearing centrifugal blood pump P1-601 has been developed for use as a permanently implantable device after design optimization. The evolution from C1E3 to the PI-601 converts this pivot bearing centrifugal pump as a totally implantable centrifugal pump. A pivot bearing centrifugal pump will become an ideal assist pump for the patients with failing heart.
A dual-band slotted waveguide antenna array for radars applications (2015)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a novel dual-band slotted waveguide antenna array for radar applications. The radiation structure is composed by two groups of slots, milled into the rectangular waveguide in opposite faces, enabling the antenna operation over two different frequency bands. Using this innovative structure becomes possible to perform diverse sorts of tracking using a unique structure for different radar applications, such as maritime navigation, surveillance and communications. Numerical results were obtained by ANSYS HFSS and measurements demonstrate two operational bandwidths over the S- and C-frequency bands. The antenna gain varies from 14.41dBi to 17.64dBi at 2.25GHz and 4.91GHz, respectively.
Catalytic Anomeric Aminoalkynylation of Unprotected Aldoses (2013)

A copper(I)-catalyzed anomeric aminoalkynylation reaction of unprotected aldoses was realized. Use of an electron-deficient phosphine ligand, boric acid to stabilize the iminium intermediate, and a protic additive (IPA) to presumably enhance reversible carbohydrate-boron complexation were all essential for efficient conversion. The reaction proceeded well even with a natural disaccharide substrate, suggesting that the developed catalytic reaction could be useful for the synthesis of glycoconjugates with minimum use of protecting groups.
Distinguishing Knowledge vs Social Capital in Social Media with Roles and Context (2009)

Social media communities (e.g. Wikipedia, Flickr, Live Q&amp;A) give rise to distinct types of content, foremost among which are relational content (discussion, chat) and factual content (answering questions, problem-solving). Both users and researchers are increasingly interested in developing strategies that can rapidly distinguish these types of content. While many text-based and structural strategies are possible, we extend two bodies of research that show how social context, and the social roles of answerers can predict content type. We test our framework on a dataset of manually labeled contributions to Microsoft's Live Q&amp;A and find that it reliably extracts factual and relational messages from the data.
A Wet Purification Process for Diatomaceous Earth by Precipitation Method Using Nonaqueous Solvent. (1991)

A wet silica purification method by precipitation in nonaqueous solvent is studied. This method can be applied in the treatment of resources containing alkali soluble silica. The process consists of three steps. At the first step, silica resource is leached in alkaline solution and filtrated. At the second step, the leach liquor is poured into nonaqueous solvent such as methanol or ethanol, and silica sediment is precipitated. At the third step, the sediment is washed with acid solution. The characteristic of this method is that alkali and nonaqueous solution used in the process can be easily recovered separately by heating at lower temperatures. In this study, diatomaceous earth was employed as the silica resource. It was leached in NaOH solution. By this method, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Sr were removed effectively, but Al, Ti and Na had tendencies to remain in silica. The repeated treatment did not reduce Al and Ti contents effectively. In order to reduce the impurities, alkali leach liquor was pretreated with oxine etc. before the precipitation of silica by methanol. With this process Ti content was reduced effectively. The silica sediment formed in methanol method was the coagurate of spherical particles less than 1μm in diameter.
Chemistry of Concerto Molecular Catalysis Based on the Metal/NH Bifunctionality (2010)

Abstract The development of conceptually new bifunctional transition-metal-based catalysts for a wide range of catalytic reactions is described. The bifunctional chiral molecular catalyst based on metal–ligand cooperation was originally developed for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines and is now applicable to chemo- and stereoselective reductive and oxidative transformations as well as to enantioselective C–C and C–N bond formations with a wide scope and high practicability. The structural modification and electronic fine-tuning of the protic amine chelating ligands are crucial to develop unprecedented catalytic reactions. Cp*Ru complexes bearing a diamine (N–N) or aminophosphine (P–N) ligand readily activate H2, and can effect hydrogenation of polar functionalities. The bifunctional Ir complexes promote aerobic oxidative transformation of alcohols into ketones and esters and are applicable to kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols. A novel imido-bridged dirhodium complex, which is a dinuclear variant of the bifunctional mononuclear amido complexes, promotes aerobic oxidation of a secondary alcohol and H2. In addition, the metal/NH bifunctional property also affects efficiently enantioselective conjugate additions. The present concerto molecular catalysts offer a great opportunity to open up new fundamentals for stereoselective molecular transformations.
TaP: table-based prefetching for storage caches (2008)

TaP is a storage cache sequential prefetching and caching technique to improve the read-ahead cache hit rate and system response time. A unique feature of TaP is the use of a table to detect sequential access patterns in the I/O workload and to dynamically determine the optimum prefetch cache size. When compared to some popular prefetching techniques, TaP gives a better hit rate and response time while using a read cache that is often an order of magnitude smaller than that needed by other techniques. TaP is especially efficient when the I/O workload consists of interleaved requests from various applications, where only some of the applications are accessing their data sequentially. For example, TaP achieves the same hit rate as the other techniques with a cache length that is 100 times smaller than the cache needed by other techniques when the interleaved workload consists of 10 % sequential application data and 90% random application data. Index Terms: RAID, prefetch cache, sequential stream detection, read caches, read-ahead hit rate, I/O performance
Multinuclear NMR Study of Fluoroaluminate Complexes in Aqueous Solution (1996)

It has been assumed that the sensitivity of several phosphate-binding enzymes to fluoroaluminate complexes was due to a similarity of the AlF4- complex with the tetrahedral phosphate anion. Depending on the stoichiometry, the ligand nature, and the medium conditions, aluminum may form either octahedral or tetrahedral complexes with molecular ligands. An exhaustive NMR (27Al and 19F) study of aqueous solutions of fluoride and aluminum ions from pH 2 to pH 11 and for [F]/[Al] ratios up to 14 permits the characterization of the fluoroaluminate complexes observed. This study provides evidence of complexes at pH ≤ 6 containing respectively one and two fluorine atoms per aluminum, the other aluminum ligands being H2O. Contrary to previous results, assignments of the resonances to complexes corresponding to three or more fluorines per aluminum was difficult over the range of temperatures studied. This is due to rapid exchange processes between H2O and F- ligands. At pH higher than 2, it has been possible to assume the existence of complexes binding one or two OH- per aluminum with three or more fluorines undergoing a fast exchange. A variable-temperature 19F NMR study pinpoints the pH-dependent exchange conditions between OH- and H2O ligands for the complexes possessing three or more fluorine atoms per aluminum. The present study also permits the conclusion that all the fluoroaluminate complexes observed in aqueous solution are hexacoordinated with an octahedral geometry. The equilibrium constants KAlF1 to KAlF3 have been experimentally determined.
The Cosmetic Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Site (1999)

Allentown, Pa. 1230 South Cedar Crest Boulevard, Suite 306 Allentown, Pa. 18103 From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Lehigh Valley Hospital. Received for publication February 26, 1999.
Adverse Events Associated With Midline Vascular Catheters (2020)

Background: Central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in increased patient morbidity. Guidelines recommend against peripheral venous catheters when access is required for longer than 6 days, often leading to central venous catheter (CVC) placement. To improve vascular access device choice and reduce the potential risk of CLABSI, we implemented a quality improvement initiative comprised of a vascular access algorithm and introduction of a midline vascular access device (MVAD). We report complications associated with MVAD use including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombophlebitis, and BSI. Methods: A prospective quality improvement assessment from October 2017 through March 2018. All MVADs were monitored for DVT, thrombophlebitis, and BSI. Insertion time and removal of MVAD were tracked, as well as presence of other vascular access devices. Results: From October 2017 through March 2018, 858 MVADs were inserted in 726 different patients, yielding 3,588 MVD days. In total, 6 primary BSIs occurred in patients with MVADs. In patients with only a MVAD, the rate was 0.72 BSI per 1,000 MVAD days, whereas patients with an MVAD as well as a CVC had a rate of 1.98 per 1,000 MVAD days. The overall CLABSI rate at the institution during this period of time was 1.24 per 1,000 CVC days. Also, 29 cases of thrombophlebitis occurred, for a rate of 3.84 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with only an MVAD compared to 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with an MVAD and a CVC. Also, 25 DVTs occurred during this time, resulting in a rate of 2.88 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with only an MVAD and 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with multiple vascular-access devices. A significant correlation was noted between MVAD indwell time and BSI ( P = .0021) and thrombophlebitis ( P = .0041). The median indwell time for patients experiencing BSI was 16.17 days ± 8.04 days, whereas the median indwell time for patients experiencing thrombophlebitis was 9.24 days ± 7.99 days. Conclusions: The implementation of a vascular-access algorithm including MVAD may effectively reduce CVC insertions and BSIs. The rate of BSI in MVAD was below that of CLABSI during the assessment period. Known complications associated with MVAD include DVTs and thrombophlebitis, which correlates with the duration of catheterization, and these risks appear to be further compounded in patients requiring multiple devices for vascular access. Further research into comparing the risk of vascular access of MVAD with CVC is warranted. Funding: None Disclosures: None
A New High Efficiency Power Amplifier for Modulated Waves (1936)

This paper introduces a new form of linear power amplifier for modulated radio-frequency waves. Plate circuit efficiencies of sixty to sixty-five per cent independent of modulation are obtained by means of the combined action of varying load distribution among the tubes and varying circuit impedance over the modulation cycle. The theory of operation is developed and detailed observations on the behavior of tubes in the new circuit are given in the paper. The use of stabilized feedback in connection with this circuit is discussed and significant measurements on a laboratory model of a fifty-kilowatt transmitter are shown.
Putrescine as a regulator of ?-(?-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide production and the proliferative state (1982)

Abstract Transglutaminase-catalyzed isopeptide bond formation in human cell homogenates was inhibited by putrescine. Limitation of putrescine biosynthesis in proliferating cells by 1, 3-diaminopropanol resulted in growth inhibition and increased cellular isopeptide content. A correlation of isopeptide content, polyamine levels, and the proliferative state was found.