gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Polymorphic SSR Markers in <i>Vallisneria</i> Based on RAD seq (2021)

Vallisneria &nbsp;belongs to Hydrocharitaceae,&nbsp;which is a pioneer species of ecological restoration in waters. In order to carry out a more comprehensive SSR analysis of Vallisneria , we&nbsp;used the restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology to analyze Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) information of&nbsp; Vallisneria , SSR markers and primer of&nbsp; Vallisneria&nbsp; were developed based on RAD-seq data．Among which ,366 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci were detected.&nbsp;Primers of 355 loci were designed successfully, and the two base repeat type SSR loci were the largest (59.56%). Finally, we confirmed 23 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers after the screening and validation.&nbsp;The analysis results by Genepop software showed that the&nbsp;mean number of alleles of the 23 loci is 3.26, and these loci do not link to each other (P&lt;0.01).&nbsp;Four loci deviate from HWE (P&lt;0.01) and the number of heterozygous roughly the same as that of homozygotes (observed heterozygosity mean of 0.460),&nbsp;inbreeding coefficient is high (mean of 0.880).&nbsp;Which could be caused by&nbsp;take sample too closely in the same sampling, and Vallisneria &nbsp;have a combination of generative propagation and clone.
El gen supresor de tumores p53 (2001)

El desarrollo normal es un proceso equilibrado que incluye la proliferacion y la muerte celular. Los procesos de proliferacion y muerte celular por apoptosis son muy complejos e involucran la participacion de muchos genes. En ambos procesos, el gen supresor p53 es uno de los genes mas importantes y estudiados. Este factor de transcripcion activa una variedad de genes que resulta en la inhibicion de la progresion del ciclo celular y la reparacion celular o en apoptosis. Las senales que activan la funcion de p53 incluyen: dano al ADN por agentes quimicos o radiacion g y ultravioleta e hipoxia, entre otros. Cuando p53 es activado induce la expresion de p21 (Waf1, Cip-1), el cual participa en la inhibicion de la progresion del ciclo celular durante la fase G1, o la expresion de bax, PIGs, IGF-BP3, Fas, FasL y DR5. Estos ultimos participan en la cascada de eventos que inducen apoptosis. Cuando una celula es danada, depende de la intensidad del dano el que se detenga el ciclo o se induzca apoptosis. El resultado final de los diferentes mecanismos de accion de p53 es mantener la estabilidad genomica de las celulas. Por lo tanto, la deficiencia de esta proteina contribuye a la inestabilidad genomica, a la acumulacion de mutaciones y a la aceleracion de la tumorogenesis. P53 se encuentra mutado en 50-55% de todos los tipos de cancer en humanos. Estas mutaciones se encuentran localizadas principalmente en el dominio de union al ADN, lo que resulta en la perdida de su actividad biologica. Se ha demostrado que algunos tipos tumorales que responden bien a la quimioterapia y radioterapia presentan p53 tipo silvestre, a diferencia de los que presentan p53 mutado. Este trabajo describe la estructura y funcion de p53 y sus alteraciones durante el cancer. El conocimiento de la participacion de p53 en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad puede dar un nuevo enfoque en el diseno de nuevas estrategias en el tratamiento del cancer, incluyendo la terapia genica.
Why the Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study makes sense (2012)

Keywords:: brimonidinedisc hemorrhagenitric oxideretinal vascular autoregulationthe Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study
Regulation and expression of a growth arrest-specific gene (gas5) during growth, differentiation, and development. (1992)

The growth arrest-specific gas5 gene was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and structurally characterized. The transcriptional unit is divided into 12 exons that span around 7 kb. An alternative splicing mechanism gives rise to two mature mRNAs which contain either 11 or 12 exons, and both are found in the cytoplasm of growth-arrested cells. In vivo, the gas5 gene is ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues during development and adult life. In Friend leukemia and NIH 3T3 cells, the levels of gas5 gene mRNA were high in saturation density-arrested cells and almost undetectable in actively growing cells. Run-on experiments indicated that the gas5 gene is transcribed at the same level in both growing and arrested cells. On the other hand, in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiating cells a sharp decrease in the rate of transcription was observed shortly before the cells reached the postmitotic stage. These results indicate that in density-arrested cells accumulation of gas5 mRNA is controlled at the posttranscriptional level while in differentiating cells expression is regulated transcriptionally.
A history and overview of phenotypic variability in CYP2D6 activity (2014)

CYP2D6 is a human cytochrome P450 that is responsible for the metabolism of a large number of drugs and chemicals. Interest in CYP2D6 has largely centered on the wide interindividual variability in its catalytic activity that stems from a common genetic polymorphism in the CYP2D6 gene. Two major phenotypes exist, extensive metabolizer (EM) and poor metabolizer (PM), together with the two less studied phenotypes of ultrarapid metabolizer (UM) and intermediate metabolizer. These phenotypes are the expression of an underlying allelomorphism in CYP2D6 and are also context dependent. Several drugs that are CYP2D6 substrates display polymorphic metabolism, that is, the existence in the population of multiple phenotypes, in particular EM and PM. The most notable drugs in this regard are debrisoquine and sparteine, although there are also data for a few others, in particular, dextromethorphan and metoprolol. Many nongenetic factors can alter the expression of CYP2D6 phenotypes, the most significant of which is the presence of other drugs. In this context, the EM phenotype may not be immutable, with potential conversion into a PM phenocopy, due to significantly impaired CYP2D6 metabolism in the presence of other CYP2D6 substrates and inhibitors. This phenotype interconversion generated great concern and helped drive the movement away from phenotyping based upon drug administration to genotyping of acquired DNA samples. However, ascertaining the presence of CYP2D6 alleles in a DNA sample does not determine the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of CYP2D6 substrates in that subject: it is a forecast, much like the weather forecast and, as we all know regarding the weather, the forecast can be inaccurate at times.
The λ-Characteristics of the Ring Laser Based on Non-Uniform SOA (2013)

Semiconductor optical amplifier-based ring cavity laser (SOA-RL), which has been widely used in optical communications, optical fiber sensing, and biophotonics fields, can be tuned at an ultra high speed up to Mega Hertz over 100 nm bandwidth range with high SNR and flatness output. A steady-state model and segmentation algorithms are employed to investigate the gain spectra of four kinds of non-uniform SOA and the lasing wavelength of the SOA-RL. It shows that the dependence of the lasing wavelength on the average width is stronger when the light propagates from narrower to wider end than conversely, and there are some particular structures to show ultra high stability lasing wavelength. It is supposed that the main reason could be the carrier density distribution along the propagation.
OCTAI: Smartphone-based Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis System (2021)

Identifying diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images using Deep Learning models and methods is emerging as a powerful technique to enhance clinical diagnosis. Identifying macular diseases in the eye at an early stage and preventing misdiagnosis is crucial. The current methods developed for OCT image analysis have not yet been integrated into an accessible form-factor that can be utilized in a real-life scenario by Ophthalmologists. Additionally, current methods do not employ robust multiple metric feedback. This paper proposes a highly accurate smartphone-based Deep Learning system, OCTAI, that allows a user to take an OCT picture and receive real-time feedback through on-device inference. OCTAI analyzes the input OCT image in three different ways: (1) full image analysis, (2) quadrant based analysis, and (3) disease detection based analysis. With these three analysis methods, along with an Ophthalmologist's interpretation, a robust diagnosis can potentially be made. The ultimate goal of OCTAI is to assist Ophthalmologists in making a diagnosis through a digital second opinion and enabling them to cross-check their diagnosis before making a decision based on purely manual analysis of OCT images. OCTAI has the potential to allow Ophthalmologists to improve their diagnosis and may reduce misdiagnosis rates, leading to faster treatment of diseases.
Optimum Platinum Loading In Pt/SnO2 CO-Oxidizing Catalysts (1991)

Platinum on tin oxide (Pt/SnO2) good catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide at or near room temperature. Catalytic activity peaks at about 17 weight percent Pt. Catalysts with platinum loadings as high as 46 percent fabricated by technique developed at Langley Research Center. Work conducted to determine optimum platinum loading for this type of catalyst. Major application is removal of unwanted CO and O2 in CO2 lasers.
Preparation of 17a-acetoxy-7-oxaprogesterone (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 17a-acetoxy-7-oxaprogesteroneRonald A. LeMahieu, Alfred Boris, Mathew Carson, Robert W. Guthrie, and Richard W. KiersteadCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 6, 647–649Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00264a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00264a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extraordinary carrier multiplication gated by a picosecond electric field pulse (2011)

The study of carrier multiplication has become an essential part of many-body physics and materials science as this multiplication directly affects nonlinear transport phenomena, and has a key role in designing efficient solar cells and electroluminescent emitters and highly sensitive photon detectors. Here we show that a 1-MVcm(-1) electric field of a terahertz pulse, unlike a DC bias, can generate a substantial number of electron-hole pairs, forming excitons that emit near-infrared luminescence. The bright luminescence associated with carrier multiplication suggests that carriers coherently driven by a strong electric field can efficiently gain enough kinetic energy to induce a series of impact ionizations that can increase the number of carriers by about three orders of magnitude on the picosecond time scale.
A Health Indicator Extraction and Optimization Framework for Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation Modeling and Prognostics (2015)

Maximum releasable capacity and internal resistance are often used as the health indicators (HIs) of a lithium-ion battery for degradation modeling and estimation of remaining useful life (RUL). However, the maximum releasable capacity is usually difficult to estimate in online applications due to complex operating conditions in the field. Moreover, measuring the internal resistance is too expensive to be implemented on-line. In this paper, an HI extraction and optimization framework requiring only the operating parameters of lithium-ion batteries is proposed for battery degradation modeling and RUL estimation. The framework carries out raw HI extraction, transformation, correlation analysis, and verification and evaluation to achieve HI enhancement. In particular, the Box-Cox transformation is adopted to improve the correlation between the extracted HI and the battery's actual degradation state. To estimate the battery's RUL using the enhanced HI, an optimized relevance vector-machine algorithm is utilized, which can be performed in a flexible and agile way. Experimental studies using two different industrial testing data sets illustrate the high efficiency and adaptability of the proposed framework in lithium-ion battery degradation modeling and RUL estimation.
A 220nA bandgap reference with 80dB PSRR targeting energy harvesting (2016)

For emerging high volume applications such as wireless sensor networks, energy harvesting, or consumer biometrics, bandgap voltage references in CMOS may be viewed in a more favorable light by semiconductor manufacturing due to their low cost, ruggedness, and availability of the predictable parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT). To generate a bandgap voltage (VBG) reference with a near zero temperature coefficient (TC), a BJT's base-emitter voltage (VBE) with a negative TC is added to a gained-up thermal voltage (VT) with a positive TC. However, ultra low power applications prohibit use of conventional bandgaps because of the impractically large passive resistors they require to make their V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> 's gain factor (g) in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BG</sub> = V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BE</sub> + g.V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . One of the contributions of the proposed reference is to eliminate the large passive resistor in an ultra low power bandgap reference. Batteryless and wireless electronics, in general, may be subject to less orderly power supply patterns. To guard band against jittery supply and disorderly power up patterns, especially in mission critical bioelectronics applications, another contribution of the proposed design is that the positive feedback loop associated with bandgap's amplifier (that is vulnerable to transients) can be eliminated here without deterring overall performance. Ultra low currents are generally accompanied with increased noise. Additional contribution of this bandgap's topology is that its noise is reduced via dominant use of PMOSFETs, with low 1/f noise, in pertinent signal paths. Lastly, the operating currents of the entire bandgap is mostly independent of threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) and chiefly a function of mobility, u, that benefits manufacturability and die yield because u is more tightly controllable (compared to poly resistance or V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> , for example). This bandgap consumes about 220 nA of current. Monte Carlo (MC) and worst case (WC) simulations indicate the following specifications are achievable: temperature coefficient (TC) of about 14 ppm / C over a 100C temperature range, voltage coefficient (VC) of about 0.02% / V, power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of about negative 80dB with 1.5V <; V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> <; 2.5 V. Die size is roughly 100um×180um in standard 0.18u digital CMOS.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Is a Neurotrophic Survival Factor for Lumbar But Not for Other Somatic Motoneurons in the Chick Embryo (2000)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is expressed in the developing limb muscles of the chick embryo during the period of spinal motoneuron (MN) programmed cell death, and its receptor c-met is expressed in lumbar MNs during this same period. Although cultured motoneurons from brachial, thoracic, and lumbar segments are all rescued from cell death by chick embryo muscle extract (CMX) as well as by other specific trophic agents, HGF/SF only promotes the survival of lumbar MNs. Similarly, treatment of embryos in ovo with exogenous HGF/SF rescues lumbar but not other somatic MNs from cell death. Blocking antibodies to HGF/SF (anti-HGF) reduce the effects of CMX on MN survival in vitro and decrease the number of lumbar MNs in vivo. The expression of c-met on MNs in vivo is regulated by a limb-derived trophic signal distinct from HGF/SF. HGF/SF is a potent, select, and physiologically relevant survival factor for a subpopulation of developing spinal MNs in the lumbar segments of the chick embryo.
Hospital Variability in Use of Anticoagulant Strategies During Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With an Early Invasive Strategy (2015)

We found substantial site-level variability in the choice of anticoagulants for invasively managed acute myocardial infarction patients, even after accounting for patient factors. No single hospital-use pattern was found to be clinically superior. More studies are needed to determine which patients would derive the greatest benefit from various anticoagulants and to support consistent treatment of patients with the optimal anticoagulant strategy.
Clinical and Roentgenological Profiles and Etiological Correlations of Encysted Pleural Effusions (1990)

One hundred and thirty-six cases of encysted pleural effusions were studied and investigated to reach an etiological diagnosis. The clinical profile of encysted pleural effusions differed little from that of free pleural effusions. Of the four sites of encystments seen (costoparietal, interlobar, subpulmonic, and mediastinal), costoparietal effusions were the commonest and resulted most often from infections. Interlobar encystments came next in frequency and most often resulted from congestive cardiac failure. Of the various causes of encysted pleural effusions, tuberculosis was the commonest, followed by pyogenic infection and congestive cardiac failure, in this order. Conventional radiographic techniques were adequate in diagnosing most cases of encysted pleural effusions.
Versatile single-molecule multi-color excitation and detection fluorescence setup for studying biomolecular dynamics (2011)

Single-molecule fluorescence imaging is at the forefront of tools applied to study biomolecular dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. The ability of the single-molecule fluorescence microscope to conduct simultaneous multi-color excitation and detection is a key experimental feature that is under continuous development. In this paper, we describe in detail the design and the construction of a sophisticated and versatile multi-color excitation and emission fluorescence instrument for studying biomolecular dynamics at the single-molecule level. The setup is novel, economical and compact, where two inverted microscopes share a laser combiner module with six individual laser sources that extend from 400 to 640 nm. Nonetheless, each microscope can independently and in a flexible manner select the combinations, sequences, and intensities of the excitation wavelengths. This high flexibility is achieved by the replacement of conventional mechanical shutters with acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The use of AOTF provides major advancement by controlling the intensities, duration, and selection of up to eight different wavelengths with microsecond alternation time in a transparent and easy manner for the end user. To our knowledge this is the first time AOTF is applied to wide-field total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy even though it has been commonly used in multi-wavelength confocal microscopy. The laser outputs from the combiner module are coupled to the microscopes by two sets of four single-mode optic fibers in order to allow for the optimization of the TIRF angle for each wavelength independently. The emission is split into two or four spectral channels to allow for the simultaneous detection of up to four different fluorophores of wide selection and using many possible excitation and photoactivation schemes. We demonstrate the performance of this new setup by conducting two-color alternating excitation single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and a technically challenging four-color FRET experiments on doubly labeled duplex DNA and quadruple-labeled Holliday junction, respectively.
Application of the clearance concept to hyponatremic and hypernatremic disorders: a phenomenological analysis (1994)

The kidney and its response to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are the principal protective mechanisms necessary to maintain a normal plasma tonicity (osmolality). Hence, determination of the response of the ADH-renal axis to an abnormal plasma tonicity is an important step to understanding water homeostasis. Determination of free water clearance is the most direct clinical method to measure the ability of the kidney to reabsorb or excrete water; it can be used as a sensitive method to study water metabolism, describing the abnormal water homeostasis in simple quantitative terms. A positive electrolyte-free water clearance denotes the excretion of excess free water. A negative electrolyte-free water clearance indicates reabsorption of excess free water. During hypertonicity, an increased concentration of ADH enhances renal reabsorption of free water. With diminished ADH secretion and normal renal function, a substantial volume of free water is cleared in response to hypotonic stimuli. A positive free water clearance > 0.4 L/day in hypertonic conditions or a negative free water clearance during hypotonicity confirms an abnormal ADH-renal axis response.
Integrated Five-Axis Trajectory Shaping and Contour Error Compensation for High-Speed CNC Machine Tools (2014)

A feedforward trajectory command shaping algorithm is proposed to simultaneously reduce the contouring errors and avoid structural vibrations in five-axis CNC machine tools. Trajectory shaping is used to avoid the excitation of the transient, inertial vibrations but at the expense of distorting the reference path due to added delay. The contouring error caused by both trajectory shaping and limited bandwidth of servo drives is predicted based on the trajectory parameters and machine dynamics. The shaped axis commands are then corrected to precompensate the predicted contour errors. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified experimentally on a five-axis CNC machining center.