gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for measurement of pericardial pressure (2001)

To determine whether pericardial liquid pressure accurately measures pericardial constraint, we developed a technique in which a catheter was positioned perpendicular to the epicardial surface. This device, which occupies little or no pericardial space, couples the thin film of liquid to a transducer. In six open-chest dogs, we also measured left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and anteroposterior and septum-to-free wall diameters. LVEDP was raised incrementally to approximately 25 mmHg by saline infusion. With the use of the product of the two diameters as an index of area (A(LV)), LVEDP-A(LV) relationships were obtained with the pericardium closed and again after the pericardium had been widely opened to obtain the isovolumic difference in LVEDP (DeltaLVEDP). In all dogs, the technique yielded values of pericardial pressure equal to DeltaLVEDP as well as equal to that measured using a previously placed balloon transducer in the same location and at the same A(LV). We conclude that, when the pressure of the pericardial liquid is appropriately measured, it (in addition to the balloon-measured contact stress) defines the diastolic constraining effect of the pericardium. Furthermore, we suggest that earlier measurements of pericardial "liquid pressure" were low, due to an artifact of measurement.
Flyer acceleration by high-power laser and impact experiments at velocities higher than 10 km/s (2012)

Flyer acceleration technique using high-power lasers has several advantages such as the achieved velocities higher than 10 km/s and non-contamination to the products generated by impacts. In this study, we show that a high-power laser can achieve impact velocities higher than 10 km/s up to 60 km/s using sheet flyers with a diameter of ~ 0.5 mm and a thickness of ~ 30 - 50 ìm and spherical projectiles with a diameter of 0.1 - 0.3 mm. We discuss the difference between sheet and spherical flyers in the energy transfer efficiency from laser energy to flyer kinetic energy.
Elucidating the Influence of Side-Chain Circular Distribution on the Crack Onset Strain and Hole Mobility of Near-Amorphous Indacenodithiophene Copolymers (2020)

Poly(indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole) has received significant interest because of its exceptional hole mobility despite its near-amorphous thin-film morphology and brittleness at low Mn. In comparison, poly(indacenodithiophene-benzopyrollodione) (PIDTBPD) has a lower hole mobility but is exceptionally ductile at similar Mn. Herein, we synthesize random indacenodithiophene (IDT) copolymers with varying amounts of incorporated benzothiadiazole and benzopyrollodione (BPD), which introduces varied degrees of backbone twist to each respective polymer system. This allows us to elucidate how the BPD monomer introduction leads to conformational and morphological changes that influence the crack onset strain (CoS) and hole mobility of these near-amorphous IDT copolymers and the rates by which each material property responds to sequentially larger BPD incorporation. Results of density functional theory calculations suggest that BPD introduction does not lead to significant differences in backbone linearity between the studied polymers, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering demonstrates that the degree of crystallinity within thin films is not significantly altered. It does, however, lead to a more varied circular distribution of the hexadecyl side chains around the polymer backbone. With increasing BPD incorporation, a crossover point between CoS and hole mobility emerges. At this crossover point, a random copolymer with 30% BPD introduction displays increased CoS and an average hole mobility value equal to that of the PIDTBPD system, suggesting that hole mobility is more sensitive to torsion along the polymer backbone, while the response of the CoS is relatively delayed. The data also suggest that the increase in CoS with increasing BPD content does not arise because of differences in rigidity but because the more circular distribution of the side chains makes polymer chains with sufficient BPD content better able to flow.
An 18 GHz Si bipolar mold package prescaler (2002)

A mold package static prescaler operating at 18 GHz has been realized. The technology used is the Si bipolar process of which the emitter mask width is 0.8 /spl mu/m. The cut-off frequency and the maximum oscillation frequency are 30 GHz and 40 GHz respectively. The input power range of operations is more than 10 dB in -70 to +95/spl deg/C at 1 to 15 GHz. This prescaler features a +5 V single supply voltage and 190 mW power dissipation.
A Computational Model of Binding Thermodynamics:  The Design of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors (2003)

The cyclin-dependent protein kinases are important targets in drug discovery because of their role in cell cycle regulation. In this computational study, we have applied a continuum solvent model to study the interactions between cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and analogues of the clinically tested anticancer agent flavopiridol. The continuum solvent model uses Coulomb's law to account for direct electrostatic interactions, solves the Poisson equation to obtain the electrostatic contributions to solvation energy, and calculates scaled solvent-accessible surface area to account for hydrophobic interactions. The computed free energy of binding gauges the strength of protein-ligand interactions. Our model was first validated through a study on the binding of a number of flavopiridol derivatives to CDK2, and its ability to identify potent inhibitors was observed. The model was then used to aid in the design of novel CDK2 inhibitors with the aid of a computational sensitivity analysis. Some of these hypothetical structures could be significantly more potent than the lead compound flavopiridol. We applied two approaches to gain insights into designing selective inhibitors. One relied on the comparative analysis of the binding pocket for several hundred protein kinases to identify the parts of a lead compound whose modifications might lead to selective compounds. The other was based on building and using homology models for energy calculations. The homology models appear to be able to classify ligand potency into groups but cannot yet give reliable quantitative results.
Occurrence of recurrent stomatitis, watery diarrhea and erythema nodosum in a patient with 20 year history of Takayasu's disease.Coexistence of Takayasu's disease and incomplete BehCet's disease ? (1994)

高安病の診断20年後に結節性紅斑,口腔粘膜のアフタ性潰瘍,腹部症状を呈し不全型ベーチェット病の併発が疑われた1例を報告した.症例は63歳,主婦で昭和46年に動脈造影で両側総頸,右鎖骨下動脈の狭窄,右肺動脈の閉塞を認め高安病と診断されステロイド療法を継続していた.平成3年11月より発熱,水様性下痢,口腔粘膜のアフタ性潰瘍,結節性紅斑を認め入院した.大腸鏡検査でS状結腸に多発性びらんを認めた.不全型ベーチェット病を疑いプレドニゾロンを増量(30mg/日),諸症状,検査所見は改善した,本例を含め3報告例では,眼病変を欠く～軽微,腹部症状が著明, HLA-B52, DR 2などが臨床的特徴であった.高安病とベーチェット病との関連,さらに両疾患の発症機序追究に示唆に富むと考えた.
One‐Pot Multi‐Substrate Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Nitroalkenes. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of maternal diet on select fecal bacteria of foals (2018)

Adult horses depend on the microbial community in the hindgut to digest fiber and produce short-chain fatty acids that are use for energy. Colonization of the foal gastrointestinal tract is essential to develop this symbiosis. However, factors affecting colonization are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the age-related changes and effects of maternal diet on select fecal bacterial groups in foals from 1 to 28 d of age. Thoroughbred foals (<i>n</i> = 18) were from dams fed forage and one of two concentrates: an oat-based (OB) or corn and wheat middlings-based (CWB) pelleted concentrate. The mares had access to assigned concentrates, along with a mixed hay and cool-season grass pasture, 28 d before and 28 d after parturition. Fecal samples were collected from foals at 1 d (14 to 36 h), 4, 14, and 28 d after birth. Fecal samples were serially diluted with phosphate-buffered saline before inoculation of enriched, selective media to enumerate <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp., amylolytic bacteria, and cellulolytic bacteria. Enumeration data were log-transformed then analyzed with mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures (SAS 9.3) to test the main effects of maternal diet (OB or CWB), time of sample, and interaction between maternal diet and time. Cellulolytic bacteria first appeared in foal feces between 4 and 14 d of age and increased with age (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Amylolytic bacteria and lactobacilli were abundant at 1 d and then increased with age (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There was an interaction between maternal diet and time for <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. with OB foals having more lactobacilli than CWB foals at 1 and 4 d (<i>P</i> < 0.05); however, there were no differences observed at 14 d (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Maternal diet did not influence amylolytic or cellulolytic bacteria (<i>P</i> > 0.05). These results indicate that colonization of the hindgut is a sequential process beginning early in the foal's life and that maternal diet may influence some bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of foals.
Nonbouncing Pc 1 wave bursts (1997)

On April 11, 1986, at about 0600 UT a long Pc 1 wave event of the hydromagnetic chorus type started on the ground, as registered by the Finnish pulsation magnetometer network. The main pulsation band at about 0.3 Hz was observed for several hours. Soon after start, this band smoothly extended to higher frequencies, forming another separate wave band which finally reached up to 0.5 Hz. During the event the Viking satellite was on its southbound pass over Scandinavia, close to the MLT sector of the ground network. From 0650 until 0657 UT, Viking observed a chain of Pc 1 bursts with increasing frequency. The strongest bursts could be grouped into two separate wave regions whose properties differed slightly. The higher‐latitude region had a frequency of 0.3 Hz, well in agreement with the main Pc 1 band on the ground. The lower‐latitude region contained the highest frequencies observed on the ground at about 0.5 Hz. The latitudinal extent of both wave regions was about 0.5°. They had slightly different normalized frequencies, Alfvén velocities, and repetition periods. Most interestingly, the repetition periods of both wave sources were too short for the bursts to be due to a wave packet bouncing between the two hemispheres. The results give new information about the high‐latitude Pc 1 waves, showing that they can consist of separate repetitive but nonbouncing bursts. We suggest that the long‐held bouncing wave packet hypothesis is generally incorrect and discuss two alternative models where the burst structure is formed at the equatorial source region of the waves.
Comparison of OFDM radar and chirp sequence radar (2015)

The radar waveforms OFDM and chirp sequence are compared in terms of accuracy, resolution capabilities, receiver operating characteristics, required resources and signal processing. We show, that both waveforms can be parametrized in such a way, that they yield the same baseband signal which can be processed using the same detection and estimation algorithms. This key insight reveals, that in this case, the waveforms perform identical. However, OFDM additionally allows simultaneous communication using the radar signal at the cost of increased signal processing.
Biomedical Signal Processing and Signal Modeling (2000)

The Nature of Biomedical Signals. Memory and Correlation. The Impulse Response. Frequency Response. Modeling Continuous-Time Signals as Sums of Sine Waves. Responses of Linear Continuous-Time Filters to Arbitrary Inputs. Modeling Signals as Sums of Discrete-Time Sine Waves. Noise Removal and Signal Compensation. Modeling Stochastic Signals as Filtered White Noise. Scaling and Long-Term Memory. Nonlinear Models of Signals. Assessing Stationarity and Reproducibility. Appendix.
Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology (2020)

We present a novel Fourier-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a ∕LCI) fiber probe designed for in vivo clinical application in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The a∕LCI technique measures the depth-resolved angular scattering distribution to determine the size distribution and optical density of cell nuclei for assessing the health of epithelial tissues. Clinical application is enabled by an endoscopic fiber-optic probe that employs a 2.3-m-long coherent fiber bundle and is compatible with the standard 2.8-mm-diam biopsy channel of a gastroscope. The probe allows for real-time data acquisition by collecting the scattering from multiple angles in parallel, enabled by the Fourier domain approach. The performance of the probe is characterized through measurement of critical parameters. The depth-resolved sizing capability of the system is demonstrated using single- and double-layer microsphere phantoms with subwavelength sizing precision and accuracy achieved. Initial results from a clinical feasibility test are also presented to show in vivo application in the human esophagus.
Limitations of Ammonia as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier for the Transportation Sector (2021)

Annual global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reached 34.2 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2019 as a result of extensive and unrestricted use of fossil fuels to fulfill ∼80% of society’s energy needs at the current level of ∼585 exajoules (EJ)/year.1,2 Transportation that provides mobility to&#13;\npassengers and freight is responsible for approximately 25% of the overall CO2 emission.3,4 Considering the current rate of population growth and associated increases in energy consumption, it has been projected that the corresponding global energy demand will be increased by at least 50% before 2050.1,2,5 To meet such needs while minimizing the environmental impacts by curtailing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, large-scale deployment of low-carbon renewable energy (RE) is necessary.6−8 Despite a moderate increase in the overall&#13;\nshare of RE in the current energy landscape, recent studies indeed indicated that a full transition to 100% RE is attainable within the next 3 decades or so with a cost-efficient vision of deep electrification of heat and transportation sectors around the globe.9−11 Thus, this energy transition is no longer a matter of technical feasibility or economic viability, but political will.
Biodistribution and Imaging of 1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-2,4-Difluoro-5-[123/125I]Iodobenzene (dRF[123/125I]IB), A Nonpolar Thymidine-Mimetic Nucleoside, in Rats and Tumor-Bearing Mice (2009)

1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-iodobenzene (dRFIB) is a putative bioisostere of iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). The advantages of dRFIB over IUdR for in vivo studies include resistance to both phosphorolytic cleavage of the nucleoside bond and de-iodination. dRFIB was radioiodinated (dRF(123/125)IB) by copper-catalyzed exchange using commercial sodium [(123/125)I]iodide. The in vivo biodistribution of dRF[(125)I]IB in BALBc mice and imaging of dRF[(123)I]IB in Sprague-Dawley rats are reported. In vivo data for rats show rapid clearance of radioactivity from blood (>95%ID in 15 minutes), extensive excretion in urine (56%ID/24 hours), concentration in the hepatobiliary-small intestine system and very little fecal excretion (approximately 3%ID/24 hours). Pharmacokinetic data for dRF[(125)I]IB (i.v. 48.7 ug/kg) in rats (t(1/2)[h] = 0.51 +/- 0.14, AUC(inf)[microg.min/mL] = 3.7 +/- 0.4, Cl[L/kg/h] = 0.75 +/- 0.12, Vss[L/kg] = 0.96 +/- 0.18) confirm previously reported dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. Scintigraphic images of rats dosed with dRF[(123)I]I were compatible with rapid soft-tissue clearance and extensive accumulation of radioactivity in bladder/urine and liver/small intestine. In tumor-bearing mice, thyroid and stomach radioactivity was indicative of moderate deiodination. An unidentified polar radioactive metabolite was detected in serum.
Silicon Differential Antenna/Inductor for Short Range Wireless Communication Applications (2006)

The on-chip antenna concept is a practical solution to compact, small size and low cost transceivers for short range wireless applications like RFID tags and biomedical sensor data transmitters. Here we present a miniature on-chip antenna design in a 0.13 mum CMOS process which also serves as the inductor. The optimized on-chip inductor/antenna has a Q of 9.2, inductance of 2.0 nH and an omni-directional radiation pattern with a gain of -22 dB on a lossy silicon substrate. The same inductor/antenna design is used in both the transmitter and the receiver circuits, leading to a communication range of 25 cm in air. This paper also presents a simple lumped model extraction technique for the on-chip differential inductors
Conversion of artificial recurrent neural networks to spiking neural networks for low-power neuromorphic hardware (2016)

In recent years the field of neuromorphic low-power systems gained significant momentum, spurring brain-inspired hardware systems which operate on principles that are fundamentally different from standard digital computers and thereby consume orders of magnitude less power. However, their wider use is still hindered by the lack of algorithms that can harness the strengths of such architectures. While neuromorphic adaptations of representation learning algorithms are now emerging, the efficient processing of temporal sequences or variable length-inputs remains difficult, partly due to challenges in representing and configuring the dynamics of spiking neural networks. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used in machine learning to solve a variety of sequence learning tasks. In this work we present a train-and-constrain methodology that enables the mapping of machine learned (Elman) RNNs on a substrate of spiking neurons, while being compatible with the capabilities of current and near-future neuromorphic systems. This “train-and-constrain” method consists of first training RNNs using backpropagation through time, then discretizing the weights and finally converting them to spiking RNNs by matching the responses of artificial neurons with those of the spiking neurons. We demonstrate our approach by mapping a natural language processing task (question classification), where we demonstrate the entire mapping process of the recurrent layer of the network on IBM's Neurosynaptic System TrueNorth, a spike-based digital neuromorphic hardware architecture. TrueNorth imposes specific constraints on connectivity, neural and synaptic parameters. To satisfy these constraints, it was necessary to discretize the synaptic weights to 16 levels, discretize the neural activities to 16 levels, and to limit fan-in to 64 inputs. Surprisingly, we find that short synaptic delays are sufficient to implement the dynamic (temporal) aspect of the RNN in the question classification task. Furthermore we observed that the discretization of the neural activities is beneficial to our train-and-constrain approach. The hardware-constrained model achieved 74% accuracy in question classification while using less than 0.025% of the cores on one TrueNorth chip, resulting in an estimated power consumption of ≈ 17μW.
A Truncation in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor of the CRL:WI(Han) Rat Does Not Affect the Developmental Toxicity of TCDD (2008)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is required for the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and so the AhR of CRL:WI and CRL:WI(Han) rats was characterized. Western blot showed AhR proteins of approximately 110 and approximately 97 kDa in individual rats from both strains. The AhR cDNA from a CRL:WI(Han) rat with the approximately 110-kDa protein revealed a sequence that was identical to that of the CRL:WI and SD rat. However, cloning of the AhR from a rat with the approximately 97-kDa protein revealed a point mutation, and five variants encoding two C-terminally truncated variants of the AhR protein, arising from a point mutation in the intron/exon junction and consequent differential splicing. These C-terminally truncated variants were expressed and shown to give rise to a protein of approximately 97 kDa; the recombinant AhR bound TCDD with an affinity that was not statistically different from the full-length protein. A single-nucleotide polymorphism assay was developed, and showed that both alleles were represented in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in samples of CRL:WI and CRL:WI(Han) populations; both alleles are abundant. Rats from two studies of TCDD developmental toxicity were genotyped, and the association with toxicity investigated using statistical analysis. There was no plausible evidence that the AhR allele had a significant effect on the toxic endpoints examined. These data show that the two AhR alleles are common in two strains of Wistar rat, and that the AhR alleles had no effect on TCDD-induced developmental toxicity in two independent studies.
Optimal design and coulomb blockade suppressed leakage of carbon nanotube transistors (2005)

We consider a 1.5 nm diameter (19,0) CNT for which zero-Schottky-barrier contacts have been demonstrated. The model device has a wrap-around gate, 2 nm ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectric, and the Fermi level of the metal contacts aligned with the conduction band of the source and drain. A number of different CNT lengths with various source/drain asymmetry are studied. A 40 nm length CNT with a 10 nm gate shows excellent performance as quantified below. We numerically calculate the gate delay (tau <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ), ON/OFF current ratio, and inverse subthreshold slope as a function of source to gate underlap L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">exS</sub>
Generation of necklace-shaped high harmonics in a two-color vortex field (2021)

We numerically studied gas high-harmonic generation in a two-color vortex laser field using the non-adiabatic Lewenstein model. Macroscopic responses were calculated by numerically solving the three-dimensional propagation equation in cylindrical coordinates. It was confirmed that unique high-harmonic signals with necklace-like shapes exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM). The azimuthally distributed necklace harmonics exhibit periodic modulation as a function of laser frequency and topological charges of the driving field. Phase investigation showed that the OAM of the necklace harmonics is attributable to the tuning of the relative intensity of the two driving pulses. These findings provide a new dimension for high-harmonic manipulation in the vortex field. The two-color vortex field is the first scheme proposed for manipulating the intensity profile of high harmonics.
DROP AND SPRAY FORMATION FROM A LIQUID JET (1998)

▪ Abstract A liquid jet emanating from a nozzle into an ambient gas is inherently unstable. It may break up into drops of diameters comparable to the jet diameter or into droplets of diameters several orders of magnitude smaller. The sizes of the drops formed from a liquid jet without external control are in general not uniform. The sizes as well as the size distribution depend on the range of flow parameters in which the jet is produced. The jet breakup exhibits different characteristics in different regimes of the relevant flow parameters because of the different physical mechanisms involved. Some recent works based on linear stability theories aimed at the delineation of the different regimes and elucidation of the associated physical mechanisms are reviewed, with the intention of presenting current scientific knowledge on the subject. The unresolved scientific issues are pointed out.