gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
correlation between histologic grade of malignancy and copy number of c-erbb-2 gene in breast carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 176 cases (1990)

A system of histologic grade of malignancy in human breast carcinoma was devised by significantly modifying the way of evaluating number of mitoses and architectural atypia in the histologic grading of Bloom and Richardson. The modified grading system was applicable to all histologic subtypes of adenocarcinoma and showed a good association with prognosis of breast carcinoma patients in retrospective analysis of 176 consecutive surgical cases (P less than 0.0001). Of the three components of histologic grade, architectural atypia and number of mitotic figures independently had a significant effect on the prognosis. The copy number of c-erbB-2, a prognostic factor independent of tumor size and nodal status, was strongly correlated with the histologic grade, number of mitotic figures, and degree of nuclear atypia (P less than 0.001, each). Cox's regression model analysis showed that nodal status and histologic grade were two determinants of prognosis, and the independent effect of c-erbB-2 amplification was absorbed within that of the histologic grade. Although the importance of c-erbB-2 gene copy number seemed to be inferior to that of the histologic grade, both were shown to be strongly associated with the aggressiveness of the tumor itself rather than the extent of tumor spread.
Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa (2020)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as recurrent, painful lesions. Cutaneous dysbiosis and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of active HS, but their origin and interplay remain unclear. Our metabolomic profiling of HS skin revealed an abnormal induction of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in dermal fibroblasts, correlating with the release of kynurenine pathway-inducing cytokines by inflammatory cell infiltrates. Notably, overactivation of the kynurenine pathway in lesional skin was associated with local and systemic depletion in tryptophan. Yet the skin microbiota normally degrades host tryptophan into indoles regulating tissue inflammation via engagement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In HS skin lesions, we detected contextual defects in AHR activation coinciding with impaired production of bacteria-derived AHR agonists and decreased incidence of AHR ligand-producing bacteria in the resident flora. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the skin-microbiota interface thus provides a mechanism linking the immunological and microbiological features of HS lesions. In addition to revealing metabolic alterations in patients with HS, our study suggests that correcting AHR signaling would help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin.
Improvements of the Properties of Chemical-Vapor-Deposited (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 Films through Use of a Seed Layer (1997)

(Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST) thin films were deposited on seed-layer/Pt/SiO 2 /Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition and the properties of the films were investigated. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was also examined. The seed layer used in this experiment was the 10-nm-thick BST film fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. Both the application of the seed layer and RTA increased the crystallinity of the BST films, which resulted in improved dielectric properties of the films. The seed layer suppressed the formation of an oxygen-deficient layer at the interface between BST and the bottom electrode, which resulted in a decrease of the current density of the Pt/BST/Pt capacitor. Furthermore, the current density was further decreased by RTA. With increasing deposition temperature, both the dielectric constant and the current density of the BST films deposited on the seed layers increased.
Disorder of movement preparation in dystonia (2000)

Dystonia is undoubtedly characterized by a disorder of movement execution. In many patients, the `involuntary movements' are brought about entirely by attempted voluntary movement. Only in more severe cases are there truly involuntary movements, but even they are exacerbated by volition. The EMG pattern underlying movement demonstrates too much motor activation. There is excessive activation of antagonists, overflow into synergists, unnecessarily activated muscles and prolongation of muscle activation. Such activation gives rise to abnormal muscle spasms and incoordination.

A number of recent studies seem to indicate that excessive muscle activation is due to a deficiency of inhibition (Berardelli et al ., 1998; Hallett, 1998). Defective inhibition has been demonstrated at all levels of the neuraxis, spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. The most direct demonstration of this has been done with paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, which permit investigation of intracortical inhibition. The basal ganglia are in a good position, and seem anatomically able, to regulate some aspects of inhibition. Indeed, it has seemed to many investigators that the basal ganglia help to select movement by facilitating the appropriate movement and inhibiting the inappropriate ones. Then dystonia could be understood as a failure of the inhibition. The direct pathway through the basal ganglia could be the facilitation loop and the …
Effect of Filler Wires on Cracking along Edges of Magnesium Welds (2016)

Since Mg alloys often have a relatively low eutectic temperature TE, they are susceptible to intergranular liquid formation and hence cracking in the region of the workpiece along the weld edge, where temperature exceeds TE during welding. To evaluate the effect of the filler wires on weld-edge cracking in butt welding of AZ91 Mg alloy, the circular-patch weld test was used. An AZ91 Mg circular patch was fitted inside a circular hole in an AZ91 Mg workpiece and butt welded to it. Mg filler wires AZ31 Mg and AZ92 Mg were used for welding. Temperature (T) was plotted against fraction solid (fS) for the workpiece and the weld. It was found that the susceptibility to cracking can be determined by comparing these two T-fS curves.
Octupolar Dendrimers with Large First Hyperpolarizability (2004)

Abstract A series of 1,3,5‐tricyano‐2,4,6‐tris(styryl)benzene derivatives ( 1 , 2 ) and dendrimers ( 3 ) have been synthesized and their first hyperpolarizabilities (β) were determined. Whereas the λ max values of 1–3 are similar, the oscillator strength increases with the molecular size. For all compounds, the Stokes shifts are significantly larger when NAr 2 is used as the donor. The β(0) values of 1–3 range from 252 to 507 × 10 –30 esu and increases with the number of octupolar units in the molecule. When the octupolar molecules are linked to the 1,3,5‐position of the benzene ring by flexible ether linkages, the β(0) value increases by 1.7 fold. On the other hand, octupolar monodendron based on the nitrogen atom core and 1,3,5‐tricyano‐2,4,6‐tris( p ‐diarylaminostyryl)benzene moieties at the periphery exhibits β(0) = 507 × 10 –30 esu, which is one of the largest β(0) values reported for the octupolar molecules.
Structural and electrical properties of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ gate dielectrics on silicon-on-insulator (2004)

Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ composite films were prepared on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate by ultra-high vacuum electron-beam co-evaporation. The crystallization temperature, microstructures and surface morphology of the films during high temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in N/sub 2/ ambient were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amorphous structure of the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ film is maintained up to a post-annealing temperature of 900/spl deg/C and the expansion of the interfacial layer at high temperature is suppressed. Moreover, the current-voltage characteristic was measured with an Al/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2//Si MIS structure fabricated on the films, and the result indicates excellent leakage current properties.
A New Type of Chemical Modification of Glycopeptides Antibiotics: Aminomethylated Derivatives of Eremomycin and Their Antibacterial Activity. (1997)

A series of derivatives of eremomycin aminomethylated at the 7d position of the resorcinol ring of the amino acid No. 7 was prepared by interaction of eremomycin with formaldehyde and various primary and secondary amines and ammonia. The most active compound obtained was 7d-decylaminomethyl derivative, whose minimal inhibitory concentrations for clinical isolates of staphylococci are 2 approximately 8 times lower than those of the parent antibiotic. 7d-Decylaminomethyl derivative was also active against vancomycin-resistant VanA enterococci (8 microg/ml) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 microg/ml).
Tensile yield in polyethylene (1986)

Abstract Uniaxial tension tests to the yield point were performed on polyethylene as a function of temperature from 21 to 117°C at a strain rate of 2 min −1 . At 21, 45, and 69°C, measurements were also made at strain rates from 0.02 to 8 min −1 . Yield energy was found to be a linear function of temperature extrapolating to zero at the melting point (140°C). The ratio of thermal to mechanical energy to produce yielding is about three times smaller than for glassy amorphous polymers. The ratio of yield stress to (initial) Young's modulus is 0.021 at room temperature and increases to 0.059 at 117°C. Also this ratio was found to decrease with log strain rate. For instance, at 21°C for a strain rate of 0.02 min −1 the value was 0.023, while at 8 min −1 this value decreased to 0.020.
Monodispersity/Narrow Polydispersity Cross-Linked Microparticles Prepared by Step-Growth Thiol–Michael Addition Dispersion Polymerizations (2015)

We report a dispersion polymerization method based on thiol–Michael addition reactions for the preparation of cross-linked, narrow dispersity microparticles with well-defined, tunable physicochemical properties. Polymerization between pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate in methanol was chosen as a model system, with the addition of triethylamine as a catalyst and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The formation of microparticles took place within seconds at ambient conditions, as a result of a polymerization driven phase transition from dissolved monomers to precipitated polymers. The particle size was found to be affected by the amount of catalyst, the monomer concentration, and the monomer/polymer solubility in the reaction media. Monodispersity was achieved within a range of particle diameters from 1.6 to 4.3 μm, as determined both by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The reaction kinetics were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by analyzing aliquots withdrawn from the reaction system at various reaction time points. Nearly quantitative conversions were achieved within 6 h for stoichiometric systems and 1 h for off-stoichiometric systems, both initiated with triethylamine. By utilizing photolabile bases as the reaction catalyst, phototriggered formation of the microparticles was demonstrated with ultraviolet irradiation. Monodisperse particles were formed with hexylamine and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, both with 2-(2-nitrophenyl)propyloxycarbonyl as the UV-labile photocage. Furthermore, as a demonstration of the versatility of this method, microparticles were prepared from copolymerizations between PETMP and four types of diacrylates with varied backbone structures. With increased backbone rigidity, the microparticle glass transition temperature increased from −36 to 8 °C. This method provides a platform for the realization of the nearly ideal step-growth networks in microscale, with highly tunable backbone structures, robust thermal transitions, and intrinsic functionalization capacity.
The Cost-Effectiveness of High-Dose Intravenous Esomeprazole in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding – a U.S. Cost Perspective (2008)

Purpose: A recent multinational clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00251979) has shown that esomeprazole (ESO), given as a continuous high-dose intravenous (iv) infusion followed by an oral regimen after successful endoscopic therapy for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB), is effective in preventing re-bleeding. Methods: A decision-tree model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ESO (80 mg infusion over 30 min, then 8 mg/h for 71.5 h) to placebo for prevention of re-bleeding in patients who had undergone successful endoscopic hemostasis for PUB. Both groups received oral esomeprazole 40 mg once daily from days 4 to 30. The model adopted a 30-day time horizon using a U.S. third-party payor perspective. Clinical probabilities for re-bleeding and length of hospital stay were taken from the recent trial. Per diem hospitalization costs (including physician fees) were extracted from national U.S. databases, expressed in 2007 U.S.$. Other assumptions were determined from the literature. The robustness of the model was determined by sensitivity analyses. Results: 30-day re-bleed rates were 7.7% for ESO (N = 375) and 13.6% for placebo (N = 389), respectively. Average costs per patient for each group were U.S.$14,290 and U.S.$14,240, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was U.S.$913 per re-bleed averted with ESO. Sensitivity analyses of baseline assumptions revealed robust results, with the ESO strategy even being dominant (more effective and less costly) with small variations in assumptions. Conclusion: ESO, given as a continuous high-dose iv infusion followed by an oral regimen after successful endoscopic therapy for PUB, improves outcomes at a modest increase in costs in a U.S. health care environment.
Community resilience index for road network systems (2011)

Halophytes in estuaries are effective sinks of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Blue carbon (BC) is carbon stored in coastal habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass. The objectives of this study were to firstly assess the biomass and sediment C stocks in salt marsh (Spartina maritima and Salicornia tegetaria) and seagrass (Zostera capensis) habitats of the Swartkops Estuary, South Africa. Secondly, we applied the nutrient pollutant indicator (NPI) to assess the nutrient status of the estuary. Six replicate sediment cores of 1 m (summer) and 0.5 m (winter) per plant species were collected at six sites. Six replicates for biomass of each species were harvested at each site during summer and winter. Biomass and nutrient dynamics showed that there were distinct seasonal differences in the magnitude of C, N, and P stored in the plants. The sediment was the dominant C pool and differed spatially with creek sites storing more C. Out of the three species, S. maritima stored the most C (224 ± 19.1 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in sediment, 16.7 ± 1.2 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in biomass), followed by S. tegetaria (207 ± 3.5 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in sediment, 4.3 ± 0.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in biomass) and Z. capensis (180 ± 18.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in sediment, 2.1 ± 0.7 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> in biomass). The N:biomass ratios were low in both seasons for Z. capensis, S. maritima and S. tegetaria (0.08, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively) indicating consistent eutrophic conditions in the estuary. Resultantly, the plants displayed a significantly lower below-ground standing biomass highlighting the potential variations of BC storage in eutrophic estuaries.
Automatic Detection and Segmentation on Gas Plumes from Multibeam Water Column Images (2020)

The detection of gas plumes from multibeam water column (MWC) data is the most direct way to discover gas hydrate reservoirs, but current methods often have low reliability, leading to inefficient detections. Therefore, this paper proposes an automatic method for gas plume detection and segmentation by analyzing the characteristics of gas plumes in MWC images. This method is based on the AdaBoost cascade classifier, combining the Haar-like feature and Local Binary Patterns (LBP) feature. After obtaining the detected result from the above algorithm, a target localization algorithm, based on a histogram similarity calculation, is given to exactly localize the detected target boxes, by considering the differences in gas plume and background noise in the backscatter strength. On this basis, a real-time segmentation method is put forward to get the size of the detected gas plumes, by integration of the image intersection and subtraction operation. Through the shallow-water and deep-water experiment verification, the detection accuracy of this method reaches 95.8%, the precision reaches 99.35% and the recall rate reaches 82.7%. Integrated with principles and experiments, the performance of the proposed method is analyzed and discussed, and finally some conclusions are drawn.
Clinical Utility of the 70-gene MammaPrint Profile in a Japanese Population (2010)

The 70-gene MammaPrint prognosis profile accurately identified Japanese breast cancer patients at low risk of developing recurrences. In fact, 100% of the individuals in the low-risk category remained metastasis-free for the duration of the observation period.
Alignment Monitoring System for the PIP-II Prototype SSR1 Cryomodule (2019)

For the first prototype PIP-II SSR1 cryomodule, an alignment monitor system based on HBCAM will be used. The main focus will be changes in alignment due to shipping and handling or during cool down and operation process. The SSR1 cryomodule contains eight 325 MHz superconducting single spoke cavities and four solenoid¿based focusing lenses, and an alignment error better than 0.5 mm RMS for the transverse solenoid, based on function requirement specification. The alignment monitor system has been configured to the objectives of SSR1 cryomodule: low space for integration; presence of magnetic fields; exposure to non-standard environmental conditions such as high vacuum and cryogenic temperatures. The mechanical design and first results of system performance will be presented.
Mixed-Domain Modeling in Modelica (2006)

Modelica is a language for convenient, component oriented modeling of physical systems. In this article, an overview of the language, available libraries, the Dymola simulator and some industrial applications is given. Additionally, a comparison of Modelica with VHDL-AMS is presented.
Supplementary Figure 6 from An NMR Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 173K, Marker metabolites for the LC group established using breast cancer cells&lt;/p&gt;
Cholesterol-Based Grafted Polymer Brushes as Alignment Coating with Temperature-Tuned Anchoring for Nematic Liquid Crystals (2016)

Novel alignment coating with temperature-tuned anchoring for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) was successfully fabricated in three step process, involving polymerization of poly(cholesteryl methacrylate) (PChMa) from oligoproxide grafted to the glass surface premodified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Molecular composition, thickness, wettability of the PChMa coating and its alignment action for a NLC were examined with time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry, ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, polarization optical microscopy and commercially produced PolScope technique allowing for mapping of the optic axis and optical retardance within the microscope field view. We find that the PChMa coating provides a specific monotonous increase (decrease) in the tilt angle of the NLC director with respect to the substrates normal upon heating (cooling) referred to as anchoring tuning.
[Effect of hyperglycemia on the status of antioxidant protection of erythrocytes in children with diabetes mellitus and in vitro]. (1991)

A study was made of changes in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) with regard to the blood level of glucose in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and in vitro. A total of 83 children aged 3 to 14 with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy adults were investigated. Catalase activity did not change whereas superoxide dismutase activity in decompensation of disease was significantly lower than that in its compensation. Experiments in vitro revealed that glucose, added to erythrocytes of donors in the concentration of 20 mumol/l, caused a double decrease in the activity of both enzymes at 37 degrees C for 2 h as compared to control test values. Thus glucose was shown to be able to act as a modifier of enzymes, and the state of antioxidant protection of erythrocytes depended on its blood level.
A Novel Heptameric Sequence (TTAGTAA) Is the Binding Site for a Protein Required for High Level Expression of pcbAB, the First Gene of the Penicillin Biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum (2000)

The first two genes pcbAB and pcbC of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway are expressed from a 1.01-kilobase bidirectional promoter region. A series of sequential deletions were made in the pcbAB promoter region, and the constructions with the modified promoters coupled to the lacZ reporter gene were introduced as single copies at the pyrG locus in Penicillium chrysogenum npe10. Three regions, boxes A, B, and C, produced a significant decrease in expression of the reporter gene when deleted. Protein-DNA complexes were observed by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay with boxes A and B (complexes AG1, BG1, BG2, and BL1) but not with box C. Uracil interference assay showed that a protein in P. chrysogenum cell extracts interacts with the thymines in a palindromic heptanucleotide TTAGTAA. Point mutations and deletion of the entire TTAGTAA sequence supported the involvement of this sequence in the binding of a transcriptional activator named penicillin transcriptional activator 1 (PTA1). In vivo studies using constructions carrying point mutations in the TTAGTAA sequence (or a deletion of the complete heptanucleotide) confirmed that this intact sequence is required for high level expression of the pcbAB gene. The TTAGTAA sequence resembles the target sequence of BAS2 (PHO2), a factor required for expression of several genes in yeasts.
Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation (2014)

This study contains an investigation into sympathetic tripping – the undesirable disconnection of distributed generators (DGs) (in accordance with the recently‐introduced G83/2 under voltage protection) when a network fault occurs in the vicinity of the DG and is not cleared quickly enough by the network protection (i.e. before the DG's under voltage protection operates). An evaluation of the severity of and proposal of solutions to the problem of sympathetic tripping on a typical UK distribution power network is presented. An inverter model (as the majority of DGs will be inverter‐interfaced) that characterises the fault response of the inverter and its associated protection functions has been developed for use in simulation through exhaustive laboratory testing of a commercially‐available 3 kW inverter for DG application; the observed responses have been modelled and incorporated in a power system simulation package. It is shown, when using presently‐adopted DG interface and network protection settings, that the risk of sympathetic tripping is high in several future scenarios. To mitigate this risk, the impact of modifying network protection settings is evaluated. This study has two key findings – determination of the conditions at which the risk of sympathetic tripping is high and evaluation of a technique to mitigate this risk.
Detectors for Particle Radiation (1986)

1. Physics foundations 2. Measurement of ionization 3. Measurement of position 4. Measurement of time 5. Particle identification 6. Measurement of energy 7. Measurement of momentum 8. Applications of detector systems Index.