gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MAPKKK Ste11 regulates vegetative growth through a kinase cascade of shared signaling components (1999)

In haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mating and invasive growth (IG) pathways use the same mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKK, Ste20), MAPKKK (Ste11), MAPKK (Ste7), and transcription factor (Ste12) to promote either G(1) arrest and fusion or foraging in response to distinct stimuli. This exquisite specificity is the result of pathway-specific receptors, G proteins, scaffold protein, and MAPKs. It is currently not thought that the shared signaling components function under the basal conditions of vegetative growth. We tested this hypothesis by searching for mutations that cause lethality when the STE11 gene is deleted. Strikingly, we found that Ste11, together with Ste20, Ste7, Ste12, and the IG MAPK Kss1, functions in a third pathway that promotes vegetative growth and is essential in an och1 mutant that does not synthesize mannoproteins. We term this pathway the STE vegetative growth (SVG) pathway. The SVG pathway functions, in part, to promote cell wall integrity in parallel with the protein kinase C pathway. During vegetative growth, the SVG pathway is inhibited by the mating MAPK Fus3. By contrast, the SVG pathway is constitutively activated in an och1 mutant, suggesting that it senses intracellular changes arising from the loss of mannoproteins. We predict that general proliferative functions may also exist for other MAPK cascades thought only to perform specialized functions.
Evaluation of Phonon Dispersion Relation for Bulk Silicon Germanium by Inelastic X-ray Scattering (2020)

We report on phonon dispersion curves of bulk silicon germanium (Si 1- x Ge x ) alloy with the x value of 0.16, 0.32, 0.45, and 0.72 obtained by inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) with synchrotron radiation. All phonon dispersion relations of optical (Ge-Ge, Si-Ge, Si-Si modes) and acoustic modes were observed along the Γ-X ([00q]) direction obtained by energy positions of IXS spectra. The phonon dispersion curves of bulk Si 1- x Ge x showed behaviors similar to those of pure Si and Ge. We also confirmed Ge fraction dependence of acoustic modes and revealed that the acoustic phonon energies are located between those of pure Si and Ge. From the above, it has been suggested that low thermal conductivity of SiGe alloy may contribute to phonon lifetime rather than group velocity.
A Dynamic Power Reduction Technique for Incremental $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulators (2019)

This paper presents a dynamic power reduction technique for incremental ΔΣ (I-ΔΣ) modulators. The technique makes use of the unequal weighting of the digital reconstruction filter. The underlying idea is that the input signal samples are not equally weighted in the higher order reconstruction filter. Thus, it is possible to increase the non-idealities of the I-ΔΣ modulator during the runtime of a single Nyquist conversion, thereby saving power. This principal idea is verified by an example design, where the input-referred noise of the first integrator is dynamically increased, which allows for improved efficiency. The proposed technique is readily applicable to every state-of-the-art I-ΔΣ modulator. Furthermore, it is shown that this property can also be used to switch a single-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) into a multibit DAC during runtime, thereby greatly improving the achievable signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) without suffering from the DAC non-linearity. The prototype I-ΔΣ modulator is manufactured in a 180-nm CMOS technology and achieves a dynamic range/SNDR = 91.5/86.6 dB for a sampling rate of 200 kS/s while consuming l.l mW from a 3-V supply, while the dynamic power reduction method accounts for 30% power savings.
Cycloadditions with heterocycles. Reactions of tert-butylcyanoketene with 2-(dimethylamino)thiazoles (1980)

tert-Butylcyanoketene (TBCK) combines with 2-(dimethylamino)thiazole (la) and the 5-methyl derivative 1b in benzene to give in each case 2:1 cycloadducts (from 2 mol of TBCK and 1 mol of 1) which proved by spectroscopic and X-ray analyses to be pairs of diastereomeric -lactones condensed with the thiazole ring across its former C4-C5 bond, namely, thiazolo[4,5-d]-2-tetrahydropyranones 3 and 4. From the reaction of 1a, an open-chain substitution product at C5 was also obtained in low yield. At room temperature the main products were the annulated lactones 3; in refluxing benzene the ratios reversed in favor of 4. Thermolysis of 3 in benzene and methanol showed that they rearrange to the diastereomers 4 through open-chain intermediates, one of which was trapped as an adduct with methanol. A reaction scheme with competing pathways involving dipolar intermediates accounts for both the formation of the adducts and their conversion. The distribution of the diastereomers 3 and 4 at room temperature is accounted for in terms of conformational effects controlling the stereochemistry of the cyclization of their open-chain precursors, whereas their relative stabilities appear to be related to the strains of the lactone ring. The failure to obtain a [2 + 2] cycloadduct is briefly examined on the basis of frontier molecular orbital theory. © 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Ionic Salts@Metal–Organic Frameworks: Remarkable Component to Improve Performance of Fabric Filters to Remove Particulate Matters from Air (2021)

The elimination of particulate matters (PMs) from the air is very important for our sustainability. In this study, highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) like MIL-101 and UiO-67 were first modified, coated onto cotton, and applied in PM removal via filtration. Ionic salts (ISs) like CaCl<sub>2</sub> and LiCl, after loading onto the MOFs, remarkably increased the PM removal efficiency. For example, CaCl<sub>2</sub>(20)@MIL-101/cotton shows 5.7 times the quality factor (QF, which is the most important parameter in filtration) of that of bare cotton and has the most competitive performances in PM removal (with the highest QF of 0.085 Pa<sup>-1</sup>) compared to any filter modified with porous materials or commercial filters. The noticeable performances of ISs@MOFs can be explained by the contribution of charge separation (that is effective for electrostatic interactions with PMs) of ISs and the high porosity of MOFs. Moreover, how MOFs with small pores of a few nanometers or less can remove large PMs with sizes in the micron range could be explained. Finally, loading ISs onto highly porous materials can be a promising strategy to improve the performances of filters to remove PMs from the air.
A middleware control layer for distributed generation systems (2005)

The deregulation of the electricity market and the increased interest in distributed generators call for new methods of control and data distribution. This work describes a middleware layer that enables power inverters to communicate and cooperate. It is responsible for interconnecting the distributed generators (plug-and-play), coping with changing environments, distribution of status data, failure detection and coordination of the nonactive power production. A test setup with two generators is deployed to verify the described method.
Natural Gas Reservoir Engineering (1984)

This text/reference presents concepts and applications of reservoir engineering principles essential to the optimum development of natural gas reservoirs. Using a systems approach, it explores how a change in any component of the field production system affects the performance of other components. Topics include abnormally pressured gas reserves, gas well testing, and optimum gas field development strategies.
Comparative analysis of different methods of signal frequency estimation (2006)

The paper considers several algorithms of radio signal frequency estimation, differing in their noise stability and complexity of realization. The relevant characteristics were obtained with due regard for abnormal errors and were confirmed by computer-aided simulation. Parameters of the algorithms were optimized. The analysis performed makes it possible to select the estimation algorithm in a reasonable way depending on the requirements to its accuracy and complexity of realization.
Imaging Hypoxia with 18F-Fluoromisonidazole: Challenges in Moving to a More Complicated Analysis (2016)

Cancer imaging using 18F-fluromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) has been developed over the past 30 y and is the most established agent for noninvasively assessing hypoxia. Research into hypoxia imaging agents began, as many imaging agents arise, through laboratory investigations using cultured cancer cells
Machine Learning based Malware Detection in Cloud Environment using Clustering Approach (2020)

Enforcing security and resilience in a cloud platform is an essential but challenging problem due to the presence of a large number of heterogeneous applications running on shared resources. A security analysis system that can detect threats or malware must exist inside the cloud infrastructure. Much research has been done on machine learning-driven malware analysis, but it is limited in computational complexity and detection accuracy. To overcome these drawbacks, we proposed a new malware detection system based on the concept of clustering and trend micro locality sensitive hashing (TLSH). We used Cuckoo sandbox, which provides dynamic analysis reports of files by executing them in an isolated environment. We used a novel feature extraction algorithm to extract essential features from the malware reports obtained from the Cuckoo sandbox. Further, the most important features are selected using principal component analysis (PCA), random forest, and Chi-square feature selection methods. Subsequently, the experimental results are obtained for clustering and non-clustering approaches on three classifiers, including Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression. The model performance shows better classification accuracy and false positive rate (FPR) as compared to the state-of-the-art works and non-clustering approach at significantly lesser computation cost.
On the performance of recursive decoding schemes (2002)

We analyse the loss in performance incurred by the suboptimum turbo decoder versus the maximum likelihood decoder for the case of several block codes. Simulation results show that, for random systematic linear block codes, a recursive suboptimum decoding scheme typically results in only a small loss in performance. On the other hand, for highly structured codes such as Hamming codes or the (24, 12) Golay code, the performance loss is much more severe.
Association of inflammation and cognition in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023)

The data from cross-sectional studies suggest a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in AD and MCI as compared to controls. Moreover, data from longitudinal studies suggest that the risk of cognitive deterioration may increase by high IL-6 levels. According to our analysis, CRP, antichymotrypsin (ACT), Albumin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha may not be good surrogates for neurological degeneration over time.
The effect of ambient pressure on laser-induced silicon plasma temperature, density and morphology (2009)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of silicon was performed using a nanosecond pulsed&#13;\nfrequency doubled Nd :YAG (532 nm) laser. The temporal evolution of the laser ablation&#13;\nplumes was characterized under a range of low pressures. Electron densities were determined&#13;\nfrom the Stark broadening of the Si (I) 288.16 nm emission line and were found to be in the&#13;\nrange 2.79 × 1016 cm−3 to 5.59 × 1019 cm−3. Excitation temperatures of 9000–21 000K were&#13;\ncalculated using the Si (I) 288.16 nm emission line to continuum ratio. The morphology of the&#13;\nlaser plume, observed with respect to time, was seen to be strongly dependent on the ambient&#13;\npressure. The density and temperature of the plasma were also found to vary critically with&#13;\nplasma morphology. Three ambient pressure regimes were identified where the plasma&#13;\nevolution was observed to differ markedly. Requirements for the existence of local thermal&#13;\nequilibrium conditions in the laser-induced plasmas are discussed with respect to these results.
Signatures of Cooperative Effects and Transport Mechanisms in Conductance Histograms (2012)

We present a computational investigation into the line shapes of peaks in conductance histograms, finding that they possess high information content. In particular, the histogram peak associated with conduction through a single molecule elucidates the electron transport mechanism and is generally well-described by beta distributions. A statistical analysis of the peak corresponding to conduction through two molecules reveals the presence of cooperative effects between the molecules and also provides insight into the underlying conduction channels. This work describes tools for extracting additional interpretations from experimental statistical data, helping us better understand electron transport processes.
Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of layered polymer structures (2009)

Tubular layered polymer structures are used e.g. in the medical industry for controlling chemical release. An ultrasonic 50 MHz pulse-echo immersion method was employed to characterize layered polymer structures for quality control purposes. The method can non-invasively determine layer thickness, interface delaminations, and sound velocity in the samples. Assuming constant layer density allows determining the sound velocity from the first surface reflection. The layer thickness is then calculated from the time of flight inside the layer. The determined sound velocity value is linked to the cross-linkage degree of the polymer. Delaminated areas between the layers as well as embedded defects are detected in the ultrasonic images. The method could be used to study the quality of polymer structures in laboratory conditions and holds potential for on-line application.
Koilocytotic lesions of the cervix: the interrelation of morphometric features, the presence of papillomavirus antigens, and the degree of koilocytosis (1985)

We studied the interrelation of morphometric features, the presence of human papilloma virus antigens (localized by the immunoperoxidase method), and the degree of koilocytosis in koilocytotic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. We determined the morphometric features of the cells from the deep, the middle, and the superficial layers of the affected koilocytotic epithelium and in non-koilocytotic immature metaplasia and squamous cervical epithelium. This approach allows quantification of disturbances of maturation in cervical epithelium. Our quantitative findings support the contention of other authors that human papilloma virus infection is associated with a morphologically distinct lesion, which forms a morphological continuum with neoplasia. It can be argued that, in addition to the degree of koilocytosis, nuclear enlargement and excessive cellular enlargement in the middle layer of the affected epithelium are viral-related effects. With increasing immaturity of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia all investigated viral-related changes are less prominent. These findings suggest that in neoplastic transformation the morphological and antigen expression of human papilloma virus infection is suppressed.
INTERMITTENT STIMULATION BY LIGHT (1936)

1. In the retina, central areas whose diameter is less than 2° possess only cones, while larger areas have rods and cones. In conformity with this, the relation of critical fusion frequency to intensity is a single function for centrally fixated areas below 2°, and a double function for similarly fixated, larger areas. The two sections of such data are easily identified with rod activity at low intensities and with cone activity at high intensities. 2. The curves describing the rod data are the same for all areas, differing only in the values of the associated dimensional constants which control the location of the curves on the coordinate axes. Similarly, the curves for the cone data are the same for all areas; the tendency for an increase in maximal frequency with area is the expression merely of the value of a constant which determines the position of the data on the frequency axis. Area, therefore, does not influence the fundamental nature of the flicker relation through each receptor system, but merely alters the extraneous constants of the relation. 3. The curves which describe the measurements are represented by two equations, one for rods and one for cones; both equations are derived from the stationary state descriptive of the initial event in the photoreceptor process.
Single Document Summarization Using Natural Language Processing (2005)

FLB ratio can be estimated precisely on ultrasound examination, albeit with wide limits of agreement. The sonographically estimated FLB ratio may be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia.
Stromal spindle cells contain aromatase in human breast tumors. (1994)

In situ synthesis of estrogens by breast cancer tissue provides a potential explanation for the high concentrations of estradiol in mammary neoplasms in postmenopausal women. A major metabolic pathway for estrogen biosynthesis is the conversion of androstenedione to estrone via the enzyme aromatase. Biochemical studies have demonstrated aromatase in tumor tissue, but at relatively low and not clearly biologically significant levels. The present study tested the hypothesis that tumor levels of aromatase, albeit low, could be biologically important if present in high concentrations in focal clusters of specific cell types. A pilot study used an immunohistochemical method in frozen sections of fresh breast tumors as an optimal means to detect aromatase. Twelve of 18 tumors contained aromatase-positive cells, some with highly intense staining. A follow-up study then attempted to precisely define the types of cells containing aromatase and correlate the immunohistochemical findings with biochemical aromatase activity. A modified H-score (histological scoring system) was used to semiquantitate the amount of aromatase staining in tumor epithelial, stromal spindle, stromal inflammatory, and normal breast epithelial cells. We found that immunohistochemical staining for aromatase predominated in stromal spindle cells with a median H-score of 13, whereas tumor epithelial, stromal inflammatory, and normal breast elements contained lesser amounts (median H-scores of 4.8, 0.03, and 0.5, respectively). The H-score for stromal spindle cells, but not those for other cell types, correlated highly with the biochemical aromatase assay (P < 0.01). Using a cut-off parameter estimated by a sensitivity/specificity (receiver operating curve) analysis, 62% of tumors were classified as aromatase positive based on stromal spindle cell staining. A similar number were also positive by biochemical assay, with concordance between the two methods of 77%. These observations provide substantial evidence for the presence of aromatase in human breast tumors, particularly in stromal spindle cells, and support the biological importance of aromatase for in situ production of estradiol.
ChemInform Abstract: THE APPLICATION OF 1,2‐IMINOCARBONATES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF 6‐AMINO SUGARS (1978)

Abstract Die Behandlung der entsprechenden Mannitolderivate mit N‐Butyllithium und Bromcyan liefert (Ia) in quantitativen Ausbeuten, die Umsetzung mit wäßriger Oxalsäure ergibt (Ib).
Optical Sensing System for Real-Time Physical Quality Evaluation of Hand Reeled Silk Yarn (2021)

Hand reeled Thai silk yarns can be classified based on its physical quality such as diameter, color and weight. In general, certified inspectors are randomly select parts of the silk yarn and evaluate the uniformity of diameter and color by their naked eyes. This process is laborious, and sometimes gives uncertain results due to the experience of inspectors, which affects the price of the silk yarn. To overcome these difficulties, we propose and implement an optical sensing system called “Silk Check” for classification of the hand reeled Thai silk yarn. It can determine in real time the length and the linear mass density of the silk yarn, and correctly classify into the corresponding grade under the Thai Agricultural Standard. Field test operation for 34 silk yarns shows that our “Silk Check” can precisely classify 24 silk yarns of the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> class into the premium, the first, and the second grades. It also can separate 10 silk yarns of the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> class into the first and second grades. Additional important parameters such as the color shade and Ratio <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xy</sub> of silk are also determined by our “Silk Check.” These results indicate that our optical sensing system can benefit to the sericulture industry 4.0.
Synthesis of 14C‐anthralin (1984)

Abstract 1,8‐dihydroxy‐[10‐ 14 C]9‐anthrone (anthralin) was synthesized in good yield starting from readily available 3‐methoxy‐2‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)‐benzoic acid ( 3 ). 14 C was introduced via carboxylation of the Grignard derived from 3‐bromo‐2(2‐methoxybenzyl) anisole. This, in turn, was obtained from ( 3 ) by a Curtius and Sandmeyer reaction sequence.
Influence d'une anaerobiose carbonique sur l'arome de deux varietes d'abricots (1990)

National audience
Geometrical representation of Gaussian beams propagating through complex paraxial optical systems (1993)

Geometric relations are used to study the propagation environment of a Gaussian beam wave propagating through a complex paraxial optical system characterized by an ABCD ray matrix in two naturally linked complex planes. In the plane defined by beam transmitter parameters Ω(o) and Ω, the propagation path is described by a ray line similar to the ray line in the y? diagram method, whereas the path in the plane of beam receiver parameters θ and Λ is described by a circular arc. In either plane the amplitude, phase, spot size, and radius of curvature of the Gaussian beam are directly related to the modulus and argument of the complex number designating a particular transverse plane along the propagation path. These beam parameters also lead to simple geometric relations for locating the beam waist, Rayleigh range, focal plane, and sister planes, which share the same radius of curvature but have opposite signs. Combined with the paraxial wave propagation technique based on a Huygens-Fresnel integral and complex ABCD ay matrices, this geometric approach provides a new and powerful method for the analysis and design of laser systems.