gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism: a Firm Basis for a Transformed Society (2006)

Purines and pyrimidines form the backbone of DNA and RNA. Hence, modification of purine and pyrimidine metabolism can have serious effects on normal functioning of a subject. These aspects formed the main topics for an International and a European Series of meetings, dedicated to the metabolism in man. In order to streamline the organization of these meetings the European Society was transformed to an International society: the Purine and Pyrimidine Society (www.ppsociety.org). This special issue of Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and, Nucleic, Acids highlights the last European meeting in Prague, focusing on inborn errors, cardiac diseases, inflammatory diseases, rheumatology, haematology, cancer, virology, genetic polymorphism, specific methodology, and, of course, metabolism. The meeting in Chicago in 2007 will be the first meeting of the Purine and Pyrimidine Society.
Single Nucleotide Variations in CLCN6 Identified in Patients with Benign Partial Epilepsies in Infancy and/or Febrile Seizures (2015)

Nucleotide alterations in the gene encoding proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) have been identified in most patients with benign partial epilepsies in infancy (BPEI)/benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE). However, not all patients harbor these PRRT2 mutations, indicating the involvement of genes other than PRRT2. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing analysis for a large family affected with PRRT2-unrelated BPEI. We identified a non-synonymous single nucleotide variation (SNV) in the voltage-sensitive chloride channel 6 gene (CLCN6). A cohort study of 48 BPEI patients without PRRT2 mutations revealed a different CLCN6 SNV in a patient, his sibling and his father who had a history of febrile seizures (FS) but not BPEI. Another study of 48 patients with FS identified an additional SNV in CLCN6. Chloride channels (CLCs) are involved in a multitude of physiologic processes and some members of the CLC family have been linked to inherited diseases. However, a phenotypic correlation has not been confirmed for CLCN6. Although we could not detect significant biological effects linked to the identified CLCN6 SNVs, further studies should investigate potential CLCN6 variants that may underlie the genetic susceptibility to convulsive disorders.
Effects of Brief Training on Use of Automated External Defibrillators by People Without Medical Expertise (2008)

This study demonstrated the importance of providing high-quality but brief training for home AED users. In conjunction with other findings, the current study helps demonstrate the need for well-designed training for consumer medical devices.
Delocalized Hole Domains in Guanine-Rich DNA Oligonucleotides (2015)

Differential pulse voltammetries of guanine-rich single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides containing up to six consecutive guanines are reported. The observed progressive lowering of the first voltammetric peak potential as the number of adjacent guanines increases unambiguously points toward the establishment of delocalized hole domains; the hole stabilization energy is ca. 0.1 eV per GG step, significantly lower than that observed for AA steps.
Aerothermodynamics of a Simple Resonance Tube (1977)

An experimental investigation of a simple resonance ignition tube has been conducted. The leading edge of the resonance tube was blunt in order to simulate the geometry of proposed rocket ignition systems. The jetstagnation pressure, the nozzle/resonance-tube separation distance, and the resonance-tube length were varied systematically. Strong resonance was found to occur when the leading edge of the resonance tube was located within the third compression cell of the underexpanded jet. High-speed motion pictures showed a significant upstream propagation of disturbances from the resonance tube to the nozzle. These results will be useful in determining the feasibility of using resonance-tube ignition systems for both liquidand solid-propellant rocket engines.
High-speed avalanche photodiode for data center networks (2016)

This paper presents high-speed avalanche photodiodes (APDs) featuring a unique hybrid absorber and their application for future large capacity datacenters. The APDs exhibit high-sensitivity operation for 50-Gbit/s NRZ optical signal as well as for 28-Gbaud PAM4.
Release of Endothelin-1 into Rat Airways following Sephadex-Induced Inflammation; Modulation by Enzyme Inhibitors and Budesonide (1996)

The intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of Sephadex beads into rat induced inflammation and a 30-fold increase in the endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity (ET-1-LI) of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. The levels were highest 24 h after the instillation and had declined significantly after 48 h. At a dose of 1 mg kg-1 i.t., the glucocorticosteroid budesonide almost abolished this response. Phosphoramidon, which inhibits neutral endopeptidase, an enzyme reported to degrade ET-1 and also to inhibit the endothelin-converting enzyme, potentiated the Sephadex-induced rise in ET-1-LI. Chymostatin and heparin, which are reported to reduce the formation of ET-1, did not affect the increase in ET-1-LI. The present model represents a very reactive system for analyzing the changes in ET-1 levels during inflammation.
New Tricks of an Old Pattern (2012)

Scorpion venoms are a rich source of K(+) channel-blocking peptides. For the most part, they are structurally related small disulfide-rich proteins containing a conserved pattern of six cysteines that is assumed to dictate their common three-dimensional folding. In the conventional pattern, two disulfide bridges connect an α-helical segment to the C-terminal strand of a double- or triple-stranded β-sheet, conforming a cystine-stabilized α/β scaffold (CSα/β). Here we show that two K(+) channel-blocking peptides from Tityus scorpions conserve the cysteine spacing of common scorpion venom peptides but display an unconventional disulfide pattern, accompanied by a complete rearrangement of the secondary structure topology into a CS helix-loop-helix fold. Sequence and structural comparisons of the peptides adopting this novel fold suggest that it would be a new elaboration of the widespread CSα/β scaffold, thus revealing an unexpected structural versatility of these small disulfide-rich proteins. Acknowledgment of such versatility is important to understand how venom structural complexity emerged on a limited number of molecular scaffolds.
The Effect of Variations in Chain Connectivity on Strain-Induced Crystallization in Unvulcanized EPDM Elastomers (1984)

Abstract The introduction of a small amount of chemical or physical crosslinks has an enhancing effect on SIC in EPDM. This situation results from a decrease in stress relaxation or creep, so that the individual chains are deformed more affinely. At the same time, there is no deleterious effect of crosslinks on the crystallization of nonstretched EPDM because of its copolymeric nature. Therefore, the higher connected chains have a smaller melting entropy upon stretching, which promotes the crystallization process. In both EPDM green rubbers and black compounds, the amount of crystallinity and the end-melting temperature increase considerably with strain, in contrast to literature reports. These are desirable qualities for rubber tack. In spite of the positive effect of a higher chain connectivity on SIC, chain connectivity has a detrimental influence on tack. This effect is the result of a drastic reduction in bond formation caused by diminished material flowability and chain interdiffusion. Hence, we conclude that a tack-grade EPDM should, preferably, contain no branched or lightly crosslinked structures.
Antimicrobial activity and structure of a consensus human β‐defensin and its comparison to a novel putative hBD10 (2019)

The spread of multidrug resistant bacteria owing to the intensive use of antibiotics is challenging current antibiotic therapies, and making the discovery and evaluation of new antimicrobial agents a high priority. The evaluation of novel peptide sequences of predicted antimicrobial peptides from different sources is valuable approach to identify alternative antibiotic leads. Two strategies were pursued in this study to evaluate novel antimicrobial peptides from the human β-defensin family (hBD). In the first, a 32-residue peptide was designed based on the alignment of all available hBD primary structures, while in the second a putative 35-residue peptide, hBD10, was mined from the gene DEFB110. Both hBDconsensus and hBD10 were chemically synthesized, folded and purified. They showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but were not hemolytic on human red blood cells. The NMR-based solution structure of hBDconsensus revealed that it adopts a classical β-defensin fold and disulfide connectivities. Even though the mass spectrum of hBD10 confirmed the formation of three disulfide bonds, it showed limited dispersion in <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectra and structural studies were not pursued. The evaluation of different β-defensin structures may identify new antimicrobial agents effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
Composition-based on-the-fly rescoring for salient n-gram biasing (2015)

We introduce a technique for dynamically applying contextually-derived language models to a state-of-the-art speech recognition system. These generally small-footprint models can be seen as a generalization of cache-based models [1], whereby contextually salient n-grams are derived from relevant sources (not just user generated language) to produce a model intended for combination with the baseline language model. The derived models are applied during first-pass decoding as a form of on-the-fly composition between the decoder search graph and the set of weighted contextual n-grams. We present a construction algorithm which takes a trie representing the contextual n-grams and produces a weighted finite state automaton which is more compact than a standard n-gram machine. Finally, we present a set of empirical results on the recognition of spoken search queries where a contextual model encoding recent trending queries is applied using the proposed technique.
Transport layer security: how much does it really cost? (1999)

The last couple of years has seen a growing momentum towards using the Internet for conducting business. One of the key enablers for business applications is the ability to setup secure channels across the Internet. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol provides this capability and it is the most widely used transport layer security protocol. In this paper we investigate the performance of SSL both from a latency as well as a throughput point of view. Since SSL is primarily used to secure Web transactions, we use the SPECWeb96 benchmark suitably modified for use with the SSL protocol. We benchmark two of the more popular Web servers that are in use today and find that they are a couple of orders of magnitude slower when it comes to serving secure Web pages. We investigate the reason for this deficiency by instrumenting the SSL protocol stack with a detailed profiling of the protocol processing components. Based on our findings we suggest two modifications to the protocol that reduce the latency as well as increase the throughput at the server.
An FPGA based on-board processor platform for space application (2012)

The increasing demand for higher data rates, smaller antenna apertures, or less power at the uplink for mobile devices requires air-interface and application specific processing, especially for telecommunication satellites. Only on satellites for dedicated applications or with a short limited lifetime, on-board processing is partly used, but processing on-board improves the system performance or increases the system capacity in several cases. Today's on-board processing for satellite communication is mostly based on ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), which have their main drawback in the limited flexibility. In order to demonstrate and validate the flexibility of an FPGA-based on-board processor (OBP) for space applications the Fraunhofer IIS is involved in a so-called in-orbit verification (IOV) payload on the H2Sat (Heinrich Hertz communication satellite) satellite. Potentially, an FPGA platform can be reconfigured for novel communication protocols. In order to investigate new standards for telecommunication satellite systems, the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS is developing an OBP platform, based on FPGAs, which will be embedded into the German research satellite H2Sat. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first completely reconfigurable platform based on four leadingedge radiation-hardened FPGAs in the geosynchronous orbit for telecommunication satellites.
Just-in-Time Simulation to Guide Workflow Design for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Difficult Airway Management* (2020)

Integration of tabletop planning, in situ simulations, and debriefing of real coronavirus disease 2019 cases can enhance planning, training, job aids, and feasible policies/procedures that address human factors, team communication, equipment choice, and patient/provider safety in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era.
ESTUDO DA VIDA ÚTIL DE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO UTILIZANDO MODELO DE DIFUSÃO DIANTE A AÇÃO DE ÍONS CLORETO (2018)

Estruturas de concreto armado estão sujeitas a inúmeras manifestações patológicas, sendo a corrosão iniciada pela difusão de íons cloreto uma das mais agressivas e onerosas. Por isso mesmo, diversos estudos têm sido conduzidos para determinar a vida útil dessas estruturas, mas ainda não há pleno consenso. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetiva estabelecer um padrão de ensaio para determinar a vida útil de estruturas de concreto armado devido a ação dos íons cloreto, além de analisar a variação do coeficiente de difusão ao se utilizar distintas relações água/cimento. Para alcançar tais objetivos, foram adotadas normativas nacionais e internacionais para orientar as etapas de caracterização dos materiais, além da utilização de equações de modelagens de perfis de penetração de cloretos para determinar o coeficiente de difusão e, por consequência, a vida útil da estrutura. Por fim, pôde-se concluir que ao se diminuir a relação água/cimento, houve diminuição da concentração de cloretos em uma determinada camada, proporcionando assim maior vida útil para o concreto armado. Quanto à analise probabilística, foi possível notar que quanto menor a proporção de água e cimento maior o índice de confiabilidade, uma vez que a probabilidade de falhar também reduz.&#x0D; Palavras-chave: Corrosão, Difusão de Cloreto, Vita Útil.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Reaction of Chalcones and Enals via Homoenolate:  an Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4-Trisubstituted Cyclopentenes (2006)

Nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cyclopentannulation of enals and chalcones via homoenolate has been observed for the first time. Serendipitously, the reaction lead to a very efficient synthesis of 3,4-trans-disubstituted-1-aryl cyclopentenes instead of the expected cyclopentanones. The strategy works well with thienylidene tetralone also, leading to the tricyclic cyclopentene derivative.
Novel Cluster Ion Beams For Secondary Ion Generation, Sputtering And FIB/SIMS Application (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Melt blending of ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer/clay nanocomposites: Effect of the clay type and processing conditions (2002)

Abstract Ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH)/clay nanocomposites were prepared via dynamic melt blending. The effect of the processing parameters on blends containing two clay types in different amounts was examined. The blends were characterized with a Brabender plastograph and capillary rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD showed advanced EVOH intercalation within the galleries, whereas TEM images indicated exfoliation, thereby complementing the XRD data. A dilution process with EVOH and clay treatment in an ultrasonic bath before melt blending did not add to the intercalation level. Different trends were observed for the EVOHs containing two different clay treatments, one claimed to be treated for EVOH and the other for amine‐cured epoxy. They reflected the differences in the amounts of the strongly interacting polymer for the two nanocomposites. Thermal analysis showed that the melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and heat of fusion of the EVOH matrix sharply decreased with both increasing clay content and processing times. Significantly higher viscosity levels were obtained for the blends in comparison with those of the neat polymer. The DMTA spectra showed higher glass‐transition temperatures for the nanocomposites in comparison with those of the neat EVOH. However, at high clay loadings, the glass‐transition temperature remained constant, presumably because of an adverse plasticizing effect of the low moleculared mass onium ions treating the clays. The storage modulus improved when clay treated for EVOH was used, and it deteriorated when amine‐cured epoxy clay was incorporated, except for the sonicated clay. TGA results showed significant improvements in the blends' thermal stability in comparison with that of the neat EVOH, which, according to TEM, was greater for the intercalated structures rather than for exfoliated ones. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1741–1753, 2002
State-vector feedback control-based 100 kHz carrier PWM power conditioning amplifier and its high-precision current-tracking scheme (2002)

This paper presents performance evaluations of a high-frequency (100 kHz) carrier switched-mode PWM power conversion amplifier system for precise high-speed current-tracking control of electromagnetic circuits. Its computer-aided analysis and some design considerations are described on the basis of state-space averaging analysis and the model matching method. The proposed power conditioning system technology is more acceptable for the current-regulated power supply of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, which requires analog-oriented unique highly-regulated power electronic circuit systems for the generation of magnetic-gradient fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstracting out Byzantine Behavior (2007)

Many distributed systems are designed to tolerate the presence of emph{Byzantine} failures: an individual process may arbitrarily deviate from the algorithm assigned to it. Depending on the application requirements, systems enjoy various levels of fault-tolerance. Systems based on state machine replication are able to emph{mask} failures so that their effect is not visible by the application. In contrast, cooperative peer-to-peer systems can tolerate bounded deviant behavior to some extent and therefore do not require masking, as long as each faulty node is emph{exposed}eventually. Finding an abstract way to reason about the levels of fault-tolerance is thus of immanent importance. We discuss how the information of deviant behavior can be abstracted out in the form of a emph{Byzantine failure detector} (BFD). We formally define a BFD abstraction, and we discuss two ways of using the abstraction: (1) monitoring systems in order to retroactively detect Byzantine failures and (2) enforcing systems in order to boost their level of fault-tolerance. Interestingly, the BFD formalism allowed us to determine the relative hardness of implementing two popular abstractions in distributed computing: state machine replication and weak interactive consistency.
Lower End of the Linial-Post Spectrum (2019)

We show that recognizing axiomatizations of the Hilbert-style calculus containing only the axiom a -> (b -> a) is undecidable (a reduction from the Post correspondence problem is formalized in the Lean theorem prover). Interestingly, the problem remains undecidable considering only axioms which, when seen as simple types, are principal for some lambda-terms in beta-normal form. This problem is closely related to type-based composition synthesis, i.e. finding a composition of given building blocks (typed terms) satisfying a desired specification (goal type). Contrary to the above result, axiomatizations of the Hilbert-style calculus containing only the axiom a -> (b -> b) are recognizable in linear time.
Synthesis and dioxygenation of [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivaloyloxy-naphthyl)porphinato]iron(II) with a covalently bound imidazolylalkyl group (1998)

Intramolecular N-imidazole coordinated [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivaloyloxynaphthyl)porphinato]iron(II) forms a stable dioxygen adduct in toluene at 25 °C; the sterically regulated coordination of the axial base leads to the low electron donation from the central iron to the bound O2.
Flexy Energy: New Design for PV-Diesel Hybrid Minigrids Simulations and Field Tests (2012)

This paper describes the first results and activities of the Energy Facility II European project Flexy Energy coordinated by the 2IE foundation in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Simulations realized with the M2C MATLAB platform developed at INES have permitted to develop the energy management strategy and to get interesting conclusions about the sizing of the components of the hybrid system. Moreover, the Flexy Energy hybrid system installed at INES has allowed to realize some first tests of operation of the system and to quantify some critical operation modes control possibilities.
Viscosity of Plasma as a Key Factor in Assessment of Extracellular Vesicles by Light Scattering (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from biological samples are a promising material for use in medicine and technology. However, the assessment methods that would yield repeatable concentrations, sizes and compositions of the harvested material are missing. A plausible model for the description of EV isolates has not been developed. Furthermore, the identity and genesis of EVs are still obscure and the relevant parameters have not yet been identified. The purpose of this work is to better understand the mechanisms taking place during harvesting of EVs, in particular the role of viscosity of EV suspension. The EVs were harvested from blood plasma by repeated centrifugation and washing of samples. Their size and shape were assessed by using a combination of static and dynamic light scattering. The average shape parameter of the assessed particles was found to be ρ ~ 1 (0.94–1.1 in exosome standards and 0.7–1.2 in blood plasma and EV isolates), pertaining to spherical shells (spherical vesicles). This study has estimated the value of the viscosity coefficient of the medium in blood plasma to be 1.2 mPa/s. It can be concluded that light scattering could be a plausible method for the assessment of EVs upon considering that EVs are a dynamic material with a transient identity
Analytical Model for Mesh-Based P2PVoD (2008)

Recently, there has been a growing interest in academic and commercial environments for video-on-demand (VoD) using peer-to-peer (P2P) technology. Unlike centralized solutions for VoD services, P2P technology lets the clients distribute video content among themselves. In this paper,we propose an analytical model for P2PVoD and we compare that model to a realistic P2PVoD simulator. With our model, parameters that affect the system performance can be observed, and the system stability can be investigated. Our model leads to design rules for achieving a good and stable system performance. This work is, to our knowledge,the first analytical work to model mesh-based P2PVoD.