gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Known and unknown event detection in OTDR traces by deep learning networks (2022)

Abstract Optical fiber links are customarily monitored by Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR), an optoelectronic instrument that measures the scattered or reflected light along the fiber and returns a signal, namely the OTDR trace . OTDR traces are typically analyzed by experts in laboratories or by hand-crafted algorithms running in embedded systems to localize critical events occurring along the fiber. In this work, we address the problem of automatically detecting optical events in OTDR traces through a deep learning model that can be deployed in embedded systems. In particular, we take inspiration from Faster R-CNN and present the first 1D object-detection neural network for OTDR traces. Thanks to an ad-hoc preprocessing pipeline for OTDR traces, we can also identify unknown events , namely events that are not represented in training data but that might indicate rare and unforeseen situations that need to be reported. The resulting network brings several advantages with respect to existing solutions, as these typically classify fixed-size windows of OTDR traces, thus are less accurate in the localization. Moreover, existing solutions do not report events that cannot be safely associated to any label in the training set. Our experiments, performed on real OTDR traces, show very promising performance, and can be directly executed on embedded OTDR devices.
Retrocyclins Kill Bacilli and Germinating Spores of Bacillus anthracis and Inactivate Anthrax Lethal Toxin (2006)

Theta-defensins are cyclic octadecapeptides encoded by the modified alpha-defensin genes of certain nonhuman primates. The recent demonstration that human alpha-defensins could prevent deleterious effects of anthrax lethal toxin in vitro and in vivo led us to examine the effects of theta-defensins on Bacillus anthracis (Sterne). We tested rhesus theta-defensins 1-3, retrocyclins 1-3, and several analogues of RC-1. Low concentrations of theta-defensins not only killed vegetative cells of B. anthracis (Sterne) and rendered their germinating spores nonviable, they also inactivated the enzymatic activity of anthrax lethal factor and protected murine RAW-264.7 cells from lethal toxin, a mixture of lethal factor and protective antigen. Structure-function studies indicated that the cyclic backbone, intramolecular tri-disulfide ladder, and arginine residues of theta-defensins contributed substantially to these protective effects. Surface plasmon resonance studies showed that retrocyclins bound the lethal factor rapidly and with high affinity. Retrocyclin-mediated inhibition of the enzymatic activity of lethal factor increased substantially if the enzyme and peptide were preincubated before substrate was added. The temporal discrepancy between the rapidity of binding and the slowly progressive extent of lethal factor inhibition suggest that post-binding events, perhaps in situ oligomerization, contribute to the antitoxic properties of retrocyclins. Overall, these findings suggest that theta-defensins provide molecular templates that could be used to create novel agents effective against B. anthracis and its toxins.
New approach to a main error estimation for primary transducer of electromagnetic flow meter (2002)

The design of primary transducer for electromagnetic flow meter uses the distribution of weight function as a starting point to determination of the required distribution of exciting magnetic field. Based on existing methods, author presents a new approach to a main error estimation for primary transducer of electromagnetic flow meter for a very wide group of open flow channels.
A diffusible factor from normal retinal cells promotes rod photoreceptor survival in an in vitro model of retinitis pigmentosa (1999)

Transgenic mice expressing a dominant mutation in the gene for the phototransduction molecule rhodopsin undergo retinal degeneration similar to that experienced by patients with the retinal degenerative disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the mutation is thought to cause photoreceptor degeneration in a cell-autonomous manner, the fact that rod photoreceptor degeneration is slowed in chimeric wild-type/mutant mice suggests that cellular interactions are also important for maintaining photoreceptor survival. To more fully characterize the nature of the cellular interactions important for rod degeneration in the RP mutant mice, we have used an in vitro approach. We found that when the retinas of the transgenic mice were isolated from the pigmented epithelium and cultured as explants, the rod photoreceptors underwent selective degeneration with a similar time course to that observed in vivo. This selective rod degeneration also occurred when the cells were dissociated and cultured as monolayers. These data indicate that the mutant rod photoreceptors degenerate when removed from their normal cellular relationships and without contact with the pigmented epithelium, thus confirming the relative cell autonomy of the mutant phenotype. We next tested whether normal retinal cells could rescue the mutant photoreceptors in a coculture paradigm. Coculture of transgenic mouse with wild-type mouse or rat retinal cells significantly enhanced transgenic rod photoreceptor survival; this survival-promoting activity was diffusible through a filter, was heat labile, and not present in transgenic retinal cells. Several peptide growth factors known to be present in the retina were tested as the potential survival-promoting molecule responsible for the effects of the conditioned medium; however, none of them promoted survival of the photoreceptors expressing the Pro23His mutant rhodopsin. Nevertheless, we were able to demonstrate that the mutant photoreceptors could be rescued by an antagonist to a retinoic acid receptor, suggesting that the endogeneous survival-promoting activity may function through this pathway. These data thus confirm and extend the findings of previous work that local trophic interactions are important in regulating rod photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa. A diffusible factor found in normal but not transgenic retinal cells has a protective effect on the survival of rod photoreceptors from Pro23His mutant rhodopsin mice.
Data deposition for Wu et al., PNAS 2019. (2019)

Data deposition for Wu et al., PNAS 2019.
Purification and Molecular Cloning of cDNA for an Inducible Antibacterial Protein from Larvae of the Coleopteran, Tenebrio molitor1 (1994)

Antibacterial activity was induced in the hemolymph of larvae of the coleopteran Tenebrio molitor by injection of Escherichia coli. An antibacterial protein, named tenecin 1, was purified to homogeneity from the larval hemolymph and characterized. A cDNA clone for tenecin 1 was isolated and its complete sequence was determined. This protein was found to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and to consist of 43-amino acid residues including six cysteine residues. The disulfide structure of tenecin 1 was determined by sequencing cysteine containing peptides obtained by digesting tenecin 1 with endopeptidase Lys-C, trypsin, and thermolysin. The amino acid sequence and its disulfide bonds were similar to those of sapecin and sapecin C, antibacterial proteins of Sarcophaga peregrina.
Position fœtale et système vestibulaire : un modèle explicatif des troubles de la coordination et des apprentissages (2019)

International audience
Airborne Sound Power Levels and Spectra of Noise Sources in Port Areas (2022)

Airborne port noise has historically suffered from a lack of regulatory assessment compared to other transport infrastructures. This has led to several complaints from citizens living in the urban areas surrounding ports, which is a very common situation, especially in countries facing the Mediterranean sea. Only in relatively recent years has an effort been made to improve this situation, which has resulted in a call for and financing of numerous international cooperation research projects, within the framework of programs such as EU FP7, H2020, ENPI-CBC MED, LIFE, and INTERREG. These projects dealt with issues and aspects of port noise, which is an intrinsically tangled problem, since several authorities and companies operate within the borders of ports, and several different noise sources are present at the same time. In addition, ship classification societies have recently recognized the problem and nowadays are developing procedures and voluntary notations to assess the airborne noise emission from marine vessels. The present work summarizes the recent results of research regarding port noise sources in order to provide a comprehensive database of sources that can be easily used, for example, as an input to the noise mapping phase, and can subsequently prevent citizens' exposure to noise.
Performance of Schur's algorithm on an optically connected multiprocessor (2005)

This paper extends earlier concepts for autoregressive computation on an optical crossbar interconnected parallel processor. The dataflow architecture uses optical coupling to provide reconfigurable interconnections. Processing elements are reconfigured to perform different functions by downloading microcode. Schur's algorithm is modeled for N = 5, in both rolled and unrolled implementations using a dataflow simulator. The unrolled version uses 100 processing elements to solve one set of inputs per clock after a latency of 44 clocks. Each solution processes only 11 input values to produce the 6 output values, thus minimizing I/O bandwidth.
A four-switch based long-cable-fed five-phase induction motor drive system (2016)

In applications where motors are fed from low voltage variable-frequency drive (VFD) through long cables, a step up transformer is commonly used to boost the converter output voltage in order to compensate for the cable voltage drop. For safety-critical applications, employing a multiphase machine generally enhances system reliability, however, a multiphase converter and transformer will be then needed. This paper proposes a simple drive system using a four-switch based five-phase drive system for motors fed through long cables. The system simply comprises a four-switch converter, which is controlled to produce a balanced two-phase output, and a static transformer that converts the two-phase inverter output voltage to five-phase balanced voltages. The proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the proposed concept.
Chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐3 in Progressive Periodontal Lesions in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis (2010)

MCP-3 was highly expressed in patients with chronic periodontitis, particularly in those with progressive periodontal lesions. MCP-3 could be involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells toward periodontal tissues during the progression of the disease.
Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. II. Characterization of the ascorbate model system. (1983)

The first step in the proteolytic degradation of bacterial glutamine synthetase is a mixed function oxidation of one of the 16 histidine residues in the glutamine synthetase subunit (Levine, R.L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11823-11827). A model system, consisting of oxygen, a metal ion, and ascorbic acid, mimics the bacterial system in mediating the oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. This model system was studied to gain an understanding of the mechanism of oxidation and of factors which control the susceptibility of the enzyme to oxidation. Availability of substrates and the extent of covalent modification of the enzyme (adenylylation) interact to modulate susceptibility of the enzyme to oxidation. This interaction provides the biochemical basis for physiologic regulation of intracellular proteolysis of glutamine synthetase. The oxidative modification requires hydrogen peroxide. While the reaction may involve Fenton chemistry, the participation of free radicals, superoxide anion, and singlet oxygen could not be demonstrated.
Multivalent Compounds for Antigen-Specific B Cell Tolerance and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (2005)

This review covers the design and development of B cell Toleragens, compounds developed for the treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases by antigen-specific suppression of autoantibodies. Multivalent forms of B cell epitopes consisting of oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins and polysaccharides are under various stages of development for treating systemic lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and organ rejection associated with xenotransplantation. The design and structure of the multivalent ligands are presented along with relevant biological results. Hapten-polymer conjugates that were used to elucidate the principles of B cell suppression are included. Multivalent ligands for T cell receptors and high affinity IgE receptors, which provide insight into immunoglobulin aggregation and signaling, are also briefly discussed.
Group III ions in sodium silicate glass. Part. 1. X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy study (1984)

On presente des donnees de spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par RX sur des verres de compositions 20Na 2 O-x R 2 O 3 -(80-x)SiO 2 et 20Na 2 O-xTlO-(80-x)SiO 2 (x=0-20 mol.%; R=Ga, In, Sc, Y ou La) 2 . Du thallium et des ions trivalents plus gros, In 3+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ et La 3+ sont incorpores dans les verres en tant que modificateurs de reseau. Les ions Ga 3+ plus petits entrent dans le reseau vitreux en position tetraedrique. Ces resultats sont en accord avec les regles de zachariasen sur la structure du verre
Downregulation of Smad Transcriptional Corepressors SnoN and Ski in the Fibrotic Kidney (2003)

TGF-beta1 is a profibrotic cytokine that plays a central role in the onset and progression of chronic renal diseases. The activity of TGF-beta1 is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms, in which antagonizing Smad-mediated gene transcription by co-repressors is an important regulatory component. This study examined the expression of Smad transcriptional co-repressors in the fibrotic kidney and investigated their potential functions in controlling TGF-beta1 response. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein levels of Smad transcriptional co-repressors SnoN and Ski were progressively reduced in a time-dependent manner in the fibrotic kidney induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice, whereas renal Smad abundance was relatively unaltered. Consistently, SnoN and Ski staining was diminished in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelium and interstitium after obstructive injury. In vitro, knockdown of SnoN expression by RNA interference in tubular epithelial cells dramatically sensitized their responsiveness to TGF-beta1 stimulation. Conversely, ectopic expression of exogenous SnoN or Ski after transfection conferred tubular epithelial cell resistance to TGF-beta1-induced epithelial to myofibroblast transition. Both SnoN and Ski could block Smad-mediated activation of TGF-beta1-responsive promoter and exhibited additive effect in abrogating the profibrotic actions of TGF-beta1. These results indicate that as a result of loss of Smad transcriptional co-repressors, the profibrotic TGF-beta1 signaling in diseased kidney is markedly amplified in a magnitude much greater than previously thought. Therefore, new strategy aimed to increase Smad transcriptional co-repressors expression may be effective in antagonizing TGF-beta1 signaling and thereby blocking the progression of chronic renal fibrosis.
Tfe Solberg Award (2000)

for his significant engineering research and development in sonar array research and acoustic transient signals as set forth in the following
Analyzing the Effect of Local Rounding Error Propagation on the Maximal Attainable Accuracy of the Pipelined Conjugate Gradient Method (2018)

Pipelined Krylov subspace methods typically offer improved strong scaling on parallel HPC hardware compared to standard Krylov subspace methods for large and sparse linear systems. In pipelined methods the traditional synchronization bottleneck is mitigated by overlapping time-consuming global communications with useful computations. However, to achieve this communication-hiding strategy, pipelined methods introduce additional recurrence relations for a number of auxiliary variables that are required to update the approximate solution. This paper aims at studying the influence of local rounding errors that are introduced by the additional recurrences in the pipelined Conjugate Gradient (CG) method. Specifically, we analyze the impact of local round-off effects on the attainable accuracy of the pipelined CG algorithm and compare it to the traditional CG method. Furthermore, we estimate the gap between the true residual and the recursively computed residual used in the algorithm. Based on this estimate we suggest an automated residual replacement strategy to reduce the loss of attainable accuracy on the final iterative solution. The resulting pipelined CG method with residual replacement improves the maximal attainable accuracy of pipelined CG while maintaining the efficient parallel performance of the pipelined method. This conclusion is substantiated by numerical results for a variety of benchmark problems.
Is dual linear self-calibration artificially ambiguous? (2009)

This purely theoretical work investigates the problem of artificial singularities in camera self-calibration. Self-calibration allows one to upgrade a projective reconstruction to metric and has a concise and well-understood formulation based on the Dual Absolute Quadric (DAQ), a rank-3 quadric envelope satisfying (nonlinear) ‘spectral constraints’: it must be positive of rank 3. The practical scenario we consider is the one of square pixels, known principal point and varying unknown focal length, for which generic Critical Motion Sequences (CMS) have been thoroughly derived. The standard linear self-calibration algorithm uses the DAQ paradigm but ignores the spectral constraints. It thus has artificial CMSs, which have barely been studied so far. We propose an algebraic model of singularities based on the confocal quadric theory. It allows to easily derive all types of CMSs. We first review the already known generic CMSs, for which any self-calibration algorithm fails. We then describe all CMSs for the standard linear self-calibration algorithm; among those are artificial CMSs caused by the above spectral constraints being neglected. We then show how to detect CMSs. If this is the case it is actually possible to uniquely identify the correct self-calibration solution, based on a notion of signature of quadrics. The main conclusion of this paper is that a posteriori enforcing the spectral constraints in linear self-calibration is discriminant enough to resolve all artificial CMSs.
Reduction of graphene oxide vial-ascorbic acid (2009)

We demonstrated that the individual graphene oxide sheets can be readily reduced under a mild condition using L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). This simple approach should find practical applications in large scale production of water soluble graphene.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Studies of Cu2+, Sn2+ and N3‐ Substituted K5Sb5P2O20. (2016)

Abstract K 5 Sb 5 P 2 O 20 (I) is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of KNO 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (1.
(Digital Presentation) Straightforward Combustion Synthesis of Tin/Carbon Composite As Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery with Long Cycle Life (2022)

The theoretical specific capacities of alloy-based anodes such as Si, Ge, P, Sn, Sb are 2–10 times higher than that of graphite. Tin-based anode materials gained prominence in battery applications owing to their high theoretical capacity, less toxicity, and low cost. However, they suffer from huge capacity losses due to severe volumetric expansion up to 300%. Here in our poster, Sn@C (20 wt% Sn) composite synthesized by single-step combustion process showed good adherence of tin particles on graphite rich carbon which successfully minimizes pulverization with enhanced structural stability. The homogeneously dispersed tin nanoparticles exhibit a highly reversible capacity of 281 mA h g −1 at 300 mA g −1 with 98.6% capacity retention after 300 cycles and 94.6% capacity retention at 500 mA g −1 , after 700 cycles. After cycling, ex-situ XRD and TEM images showed Sn@C intact due to intimate interaction as in Sn-O-C linkage. Figure 1
Nonlinear aging of cylindrical lithium-ion cells linked to heterogeneous compression (2016)

Second-life applications of automotive lithium-ion batteries are currently investigated for grid stabilization. Reutilization depends on reliable projections of the remaining useful life. However, reports on sudden degradation of lithium-ion-cells near 80% state of health challenge these extrapolations. Sudden degradation was demonstrated for different positive active materials. This work elucidates the cause of sudden degradation in detail. As part of a larger study on nonlinear degradation, in-depth analyses of cells with different residual capacities are performed. Sudden degradation of capacity is found to be triggered by the appearance of lithium plating confined to small characteristic areas, generated by heterogeneous compression. The resulting lithium loss rapidly alters the balancing of the electrodes, thus generating a self-amplifying circle of active material and lithium loss. Changes in impedance and open-circuit voltage are explained by the expansion of degraded patches. Destructive analysis reveals that sudden degradation is caused by the graphite electrode while the positive electrode is found unchanged except for delithiation caused by side reactions on the negative electrode. Our findings illustrate the importance of homogeneous compression of the electrode assembly and carbon electrode formulation. Finally, a quick test to evaluate the vulnerability of cell designs toward sudden degradation is proposed.
Ionic Liquid Analogues Formed from Hydrated Metal Salts (2004)

A dark green, viscous liquid can be formed by mixing choline chloride with chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate and the physical properties are characteristic of an ionic liquid. The eutectic composition is found to be 1:2 choline chloride/chromium chloride. The viscosity and conductivity are measured as a function of temperature and composition and explained in terms of the ion size and liquid void volume. The electrochemical response of the ionic liquid is also characterised and it is shown that chromium can be electrodeposited efficiently to yield a crack-free deposit. This approach could circumvent the use of chromic acid for chromium electroplating, which would be a major environmental benefit. This method of using hydrated metal salts to form ionic liquids is shown to be valid for a variety of other salt mixtures with choline chloride.