gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design lessons from the fastest q&a site in the west (2011)

This paper analyzes a Question & Answer site for programmers, Stack Overflow, that dramatically improves on the utility and performance of Q&A systems for technical domains. Over 92% of Stack Overflow questions about expert topics are answered - in a median time of 11 minutes. Using a mixed methods approach that combines statistical data analysis with user interviews, we seek to understand this success. We argue that it is not primarily due to an a priori superior technical design, but also to the high visibility and daily involvement of the design team within the community they serve. This model of continued community leadership presents challenges to both CSCW systems research as well as to attempts to apply the Stack Overflow model to other specialized knowledge domains.
Mapping the Tail Fiber as the Receptor Binding Protein Responsible for Differential Host Specificity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages PaP1 and JG004 (2013)

The first step in bacteriophage infection is recognition and binding to the host receptor, which is mediated by the phage receptor binding protein (RBP). Different RBPs can lead to differential host specificity. In many bacteriophages, such as Escherichia coli and Lactococcal phages, RBPs have been identified as the tail fiber or protruding baseplate proteins. However, the tail fiber-dependent host specificity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages has not been well studied. This study aimed to identify and investigate the binding specificity of the RBP of P. aeruginosa phages PaP1 and JG004. These two phages share high DNA sequence homology but exhibit different host specificities. A spontaneous mutant phage was isolated and exhibited broader host range compared with the parental phage JG004. Sequencing of its putative tail fiber and baseplate region indicated a single point mutation in ORF84 (a putative tail fiber gene), which resulted in the replacement of a positively charged lysine (K) by an uncharged asparagine (N). We further demonstrated that the replacement of the tail fiber gene (ORF69) of PaP1 with the corresponding gene from phage JG004 resulted in a recombinant phage that displayed altered host specificity. Our study revealed the tail fiber-dependent host specificity in P. aeruginosa phages and provided an effective tool for its alteration. These contributions may have potential value in phage therapy.
ATFaceGAN: Single Face Semantic Aware Image Restoration and Recognition From Atmospheric Turbulence (2021)

Degradation due to atmospheric turbulence is common while capturing images at long ranges. To mitigate the degradation due to turbulence which includes deformation and blur, we propose a generative single frame restoration algorithm which disentangles the blur and deformation due to turbulence and reconstructs a restored image. The disentanglement is achieved by decomposing the distortion due to turbulence into blur and deformation components using a deblur generator and a deformation correction generator, respectively. Two paths of restoration are implemented to regularize the disentanglement and generate two restored images from a given degraded image. A fusion function combines the features of the restored images to reconstruct a sharp image with rich details. Adversarial and perceptual losses are added to reconstruct a sharp image and suppress the artifacts respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed restoration algorithm, which achieves satisfactory performance for face restoration and face recognition tasks.
Cyclic voltammetry of azopyridines, phenylazopyridines, and azobenzene in acetonitrile and dimethylformamide (1983)

The cyclic voltammetric behaviour of 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-azopyridine, and 2-, 3-, and 4-phenylazopyridine in CH3CN is compared with that of azobenzene. From the results obtained when CH3CN and PhCH2CO2Et are added to solutions of azobenzene and 2,2′-azopyridine in super-dry dimethylformamide it is concluded that the azopyridines and phenylazopyridines are reduced by a mechanism analogous to that of azobenzene, and that their dianions deprotonate CH3CN to give –CH2CN.
Assessment of the ESR spectra of copper 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazonate) complexes CuKTSM2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssessment of the ESR spectra of copper 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazonate) complexes CuKTSM2Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, William E. Antholine, Witold K. Subczynski, Oswaldo Baffa, James S. Hyde, and David H. PeteringCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 23, 3945–3949Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00270a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00270a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of ductal carcinoma in situ patients. (2011)

10582 Background: The detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM) of primary breast cancer (BC) patients documents the presence of a generalized disease and has been demonstrated as an independent factor for a poor prognosis. This proof-of-principle investigation has focused on early micrometastatic cell spread in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as a localized, precursor lesion of invasive BC. Methods: In 28 female DCIS patients who were preoperatively screened by stereotactic core biopsy, bone marrow aspirates were taken at the time of primary surgery. DTC detection was performed according to established protocols using monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies A45-B/B3 and AE1/AE3. Results: DTC were detected in 4/19 patients with pure DCIS and in 6/9 patients with DCIS and microinvasion of the basement membrane. After a median follow-up time of 33 months, two initially DTC-positive patients suffered from contralateral carcinoma and contralateral DCIS, whereas the remaining patients were relapse-free. Conclusions: These results indicate that haematogenous dissemination of tumor cells appears as an early event in BC development. Additional to significant prognostic factors like tumor size, comedo necrosis, surgical margins and radiation therapy, DTC may contribute to local relapse or invasive recurrence in DCIS patients.
Antibodies to porcine pancreatic amylase in inflammatory bowel disease. Characterization and prevalence. (1999)

It has been proposed that the immunoglobulins in some naturally occurring macroamylases may primarily directed to animal amylase. This would suggest that there may also be an antibody to animal amylase with inability to bind endogenous amylases in circulation. On the basis of this assumption, an antibody to porcine pancreatic amylase (PPA) was investigated in sera from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), because serum antibodies to various dietary antigens have been demonstrated to be a significantly prevalent in patients with IBD. This investigation took advantage of the abilities of serum to inhibit specific activity of added PPA and to form an artificial macroamylase with the PPA. As expected, such antibodies to PPA were detected frequently in patients with CD (19/50, 38%), rarely in patients with UC (1/50, 2%) and not at all in normal controls (0/30). There were two different types of antibodies differing in their reaction with PPA; one was an enzyme-inhibiting antibody and another an enzyme-noninhibiting antibody. The former seemed to be of monoclonal or oligoclonal IgG whereas the latter was of polyclonal IgG and IgA or polyclonal IgG alone, and both were detected in almost cases. The presence of the antibodies specific for CD suggests that the antibodies may play an etiological role in CD, of which the etiology is still unknown.
Blocking two-component signalling enhances Candida albicans virulence and reveals adaptive mechanisms that counteract sustained SAPK activation (2017)

The Ypd1 phosphorelay protein is a central constituent of fungal two-component signal transduction pathways. Inhibition of Ypd1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans is lethal due to the sustained activation of the 'p38-related' Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). As two-component signalling proteins are not found in animals, Ypd1 is considered to be a prime antifungal target. However, a major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, can survive the concomitant sustained activation of Hog1 that occurs in cells lacking YPD1. Here we show that the sustained activation of Hog1 upon Ypd1 loss is mediated through the Ssk1 response regulator. Moreover, we present evidence that C. albicans survives SAPK activation in the short-term, following Ypd1 loss, by triggering the induction of protein tyrosine phosphatase-encoding genes which prevent the accumulation of lethal levels of phosphorylated Hog1. In addition, our studies reveal an unpredicted, reversible, mechanism that acts to substantially reduce the levels of phosphorylated Hog1 in ypd1Δ cells following long-term sustained SAPK activation. Indeed, over time, ypd1Δ cells become phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type cells. Importantly, we also find that drug-induced down-regulation of YPD1 expression actually enhances the virulence of C. albicans in two distinct animal infection models. Investigating the underlying causes of this increased virulence, revealed that drug-mediated repression of YPD1 expression promotes hyphal growth both within murine kidneys, and following phagocytosis, thus increasing the efficacy by which C. albicans kills macrophages. Taken together, these findings challenge the targeting of Ypd1 proteins as a general antifungal strategy and reveal novel cellular adaptation mechanisms to sustained SAPK activation.
Virtual Reality Training Improves Operating Room Performance (2002)

The use of VR surgical simulation to reach specific target criteria significantly improved the OR performance of residents during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This validation of transfer of training skills from VR to OR sets the stage for more sophisticated uses of VR in assessment, training, error reduction, and certification of surgeons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐Formyl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐N,N‐(dipropyl)‐ 3H‐benz(e)indol‐8‐amines: Potent and Orally Active 5‐HT1A Receptor Agonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectral, luminescent, and lasing properties of ZrO2—Y2O3—Tm2O3crystals (2012)

The absorption spectra corresponding to the transitions from the ground 3H6 state to the excited multiplets 1G4, 3F2, 3F3, 3H4, 3H5, 3F4, as well as the luminescence spectrum of the 3F4 → 3H6 laser transition of Tm3+ ions excited to the 3H4 level in ZrO2 — 12 mol % Y2O3 — 2 mol % Tm2O3 crystals are studied at a temperature of 300 K. The cross-relaxation (3H4 → 3F4, 3H6 → 3F4) efficiency of Tm3+ ions estimated by the integral characteristics of decay curves of luminescence from the 3H4 level exceeds 90 %. The spectral dependences of the gain cross section of the 3F4 → 3H6 laser transition of Tm3+ ions are calculated for different relative population inversions. Lasing at the 3F4 → 3H6 transition of Tm3+ ions in diode-pumped ZrO2 — 12 mol % Y2O3 — 2 mol % Tm2O3 crystals is obtained for the first time. The lasing wavelength is 2046 nm.
RF Priming for Operation of Relativistic TWT With Reflections Near Cyclotron Resonance (2014)

As the value of the guide magnetic field approaches the stationary boundaries of the region of cyclotron suppression of feedback (RCSF) from outside this region in a traveling wave tube (TWT) with reflections from ends of its slow wave structure, generation is increasingly (on average) delayed. Near the boundaries, the delays become significantly longer than the typical duration of the applied voltage. As a result, in experiments, the measured RCSF is wider than their stationary boundaries, which we have identified using theory and computer simulations. It is tempting to use this region for amplification of an external signal. In this paper, we show that outside the stationary boundaries of the RCSF, an injected signal entering into a TWT leads, as a rule, to fast RF generation even for such an injected signal as an unmodulated waveform.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Forest Residue Conversion to Sugar Using Three-Stage Milling as Pretreatment (2018)

This study quantifies the cost of cellulosic sugar production using a fully-mechanical pretreatment process and fuel pellets as a co-product. The pretreatment reduces softwood forest harvest residuals to micron-sized amorphous particles. Energy consumption is minimized using a three-stage milling process. A techno-economic analysis was completed for a milling facility with saccharification and wood pellet manufacture. For the base case, concentrated sugar syrup can be produced for $0.496/kg of sugar. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine cost controlling variable, optimize the sugar cost and found that siting for this technology needs to strongly consider electricity cost and to a lesser extent local feedstock availability. If the sugar produced in this process is used to generate biofuel and is qualified for RIN credits through a life-cycle analysis, the effective cost could be reduced by $0.04-$0.06/kg of sugar. An additional $0.067/kg savings is possible if the biofuel facility is located adjacent or on-site; the finished sugar syrup would not have to be concentrated for transportation. An optimized scenario, including the RIN credit, dilute sugar syrup, and favorable energy costs and consumption, could reduce the cost to $0.34/kg sugar compared to $0.496/kg for the base case.
Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Stromal Cell Administration in COVID-19 (REALIST-COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial (2020)

The full protocol (version 4.0 23.03.2020) is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).
On the value distribution of a Differential Monomial and some normality criteria (2019)

Let $f$ be a transcendental meromorphic function defined in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$, and $φ(\not\equiv 0,\infty)$ be a small function of $f$. In this paper, We give a quantitative estimation of the characteristic function $T(r, f)$ in terms of $N\left(r,\frac{1}{M[f]-φ(z)}\right)$ as well as $\ol{N}\left(r,\frac{1}{M[f]-φ(z)}\right)$, where $M[f]$ is the differential monomial, generated by $f$.\par Moreover, we prove one normality criterion: Let $\mathscr{F}$ be a family of analytic functions on a domain $D$ and let $k(\geq1)$, $q_{0}(\geq 3)$, $q_{i}(\geq0)$ $(i=1,2,\ldots,k-1)$, $q_{k}(\geq1)$ be positive integers. If for each $f\in \mathscr{F}$, $f$ has only zeros of multiplicity at least $k$, and $f^{q_{0}}(f')^{q_{1}}...(f^{(k)})^{q_{k}}\not=1$, then $\mathscr{F}$ is normal on domain $D$.
Detecting Nonsynchronous Heart Cells from Video – An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach (2020)

Cardiac myocytes possess the property of automaticity; however, irregularities in the automaticity can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and heart blocks, which can cause life-threatening health concerns. Currently, full-field, high-resolution, anomaly detection methods for non-contact, electro-mechanical dynamics of cardiac myocytes do not exist. This research uses emerging structural dynamic techniques coupled with cutting edge signal processing methods to examine the dynamics of beating heart cells. Applications of this research could offer novel advances in medical diagnostics for heart disorders. A properly functioning heart will have cells that contract together in one global motion. However, in certain pathologic conditions, one cell –or a collection of cells – will beat out of phase with the rest of the heart. Using a combination of blind source separation techniques (non-negative matrix factorization, sparse and low-rank matrix decompositions) and mutual information on videos, these nonsynchronous cardiac myocytes can be identified.
Engaging students with open source technologies and Arduino (2015)

Timing is critical when trying to engage students in various engineering career paths. While many “National Engineers Week” programs exist for primary and middle school students, there is a lack of hands on activities for students in the 9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -12 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> grades. It is often difficult to devise experiments for this age group that are interesting and not juvenile. Yet, it is during these crucial years that most students are lost to science, math and engineering. Engaging students and presenting opportunities for invention and excitement is important in the teen years, when peer pressure and the distractions of friends, social events, and activities are particularly high. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . There are a number of open source programming and affordable hardware platforms that can be used to implement low cost and interactive programs to promote innovation with various age groups. In this paper we share our work, as well as our learnings on how to make the workshops more effective. We have created various Arduino projects that can be customized to grade levels ranging from grades 7-12, and even college undergraduate students. The various projects we describe in this paper have been used to interact with students of different grade levels to engage in basic elements of engineering and computer programming. The classes should be set up to work in groups to promote shared innovation, teamwork and collaboration with peers. The open source and hardware experimenting exposed the students to various career paths ranging from software engineer, to electronic engineers and basic elements of various other engineering paths. This paper is designed to demonstrate the promotion of the engineering profession in schools through the use of Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi Gemma kits, and Flora kits. The programs are also designed to accommodate classroom setting, workshops, or as an in-class field trip.
Earth surface geochemistry and mineralogy: processes, hazards, soils and resources (2016)

New spectroscopic measurements of the Earth's exposed surface to derive mineralogy are required to address key science and application targets.These measurements will advance understanding of fundamental geological processes, natural and anthropogenic hazards, soil geochemistry and evolution, and the location of energy and mineral resources.
House Dust Mite Allergen Der f 2-induced Phospholipase D1 Activation Is Critical for the Production of Interleukin-13 through Activating Transcription Factor-2 Activation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (2009)

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in Der f 2-induced interleukin (IL)-13 production. The major house dust mite allergen, Der f 2, increased PLD activity in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and dominant negative PLD1 or PLD1 siRNA decreased Der f 2-induced IL-13 expression and production. Treatment of Der f 2 activated the phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma)/protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha)/p38 MAPK pathway. Der f 2-induced PLD activation was attenuated by PLCgamma inhibitors (U73122 and PAO), PKCalpha inhibitors (RO320432 and GO6976), and p38 MAPK inhibitors (SB203580 and SB202190). These results indicate that PLCgamma, PKCalpha, and p38 MAPK act as upstream activators of PLD in Der f 2-treated BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, expression and production of IL-13 increased by Der f 2 were also blocked by inhibition of PLCgamma, PKCalpha, or p38 MAPK, indicating that IL-13 expression and production are related to a PLCgamma/PKCalpha/p38 MAPK pathway. We found that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) was activated by Der f 2 in BEAS-2B cells and activation of ATF-2 was controlled by PLD1. When ATF-2 activity was blocked with ATF-2 siRNA, Der f 2-induced IL-13 expression and production were decreased. Thus, ATF-2 might be one of the transcriptional factors for the expression of IL-13 in Der f 2-treated BEAS-2B cells. Taken together, PLD1 acts as an important regulator in Der f 2-induced expression and production of IL-13 through activation of ATF-2 in BEAS-2B cells.
Optical characteristics of twisted nematic liquid-crystal films (1974)

A twisted nematic liquid crystal is shown by theory and experiment to rotate incident plane-polarised light by π/2 only at specified wavelengths. At other wavelengths, elliptically polarised light is produced. This action determines the contrast ratio of some twisted nematic devices.
Distributed Rayleigh scatter dynamic strain sensing above the scan rate with optical frequency domain reflectometry (2015)

Luna recently demonstrated a novel optical phase-based algorithm for removing the adverse effects of fiber motion at frequencies far above the scan rate on high-resolution measurements of Rayleigh scatter using Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) for static strain and temperature measurements. By comparing dynamic OFDR Rayleigh scatter measurements to a static reference, it is possible to extract the time-varying phase signal in real time. The same algorithm, applied to successive segments along an unbonded single mode fiber, is an effective means of monitoring the spatial distribution of high frequency optical phase perturbations caused by vibration and acoustic wave propagation in the fiber. We will discuss tradeoffs between scan speed, scan duration, range, spatial resolution, vibration sensitivity and vibration frequency range, provide measurement examples, predict limiting specifications for practical system performance based on current commercial OFDR products, and compare these limits to those of distributed acoustic sensing techniques based on Optical Time Doman Reflectometry.