gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nitrogen Partial Pressure and Substrate Temperature on the Characteristics of Photocatalytic N:TiO2 Thin Films deposited by Filtered Vacuum Arc Deposition (2013)

Nitrogen doped Titanium Oxide (N:TiO2) thin films were deposited using filtered vacuum arc deposition, and their structure, composition and morphology were studied as functions of the total pressure, N2/O2 gas ratio and the substrate temperature. The film structure, surface morphology, and composition were determined by XRD, AFM and XPS. The optical characterization of the films was determined with spectrophotomery and ex-situ variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE). In addition to the effects of other deposition conditions such as arc current, total deposition pressure, and post-deposition annealing on the film characteristics, photocatalytic activity was also determined as a function of deposition parameters and results were discussed.
Four-Color Flow Cytometry Identifies Virtually All Cytogenetically Abnormal Bone Marrow Samples in the Workup of Non-CML Myeloproliferative Disorders (2003)

Because of the relative insensitivity of conventional cytogenetics for identifying abnormalities in the non-chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), we directly compared the abilities of flow cytometry and cytogenetics to identify such cases. We retrospectively identified 66 patients whose bone marrow samples were evaluated for abnormalities of myeloid antigen expression by 4-color flow cytometry as part of the workup to rule out a non-CML MPD. The patients all had concurrent cytogenetic evaluation of the marrow and no evidence of the t(9;22). Compared with a series of 12 normal bone marrow samples, 30 of 66 specimens demonstrated definitive flow cytometric abnormalities, while the other 36 cases had normal (21 cases) or indeterminate (15 cases) results, with the latter showing only mild antigenic alterations. Strikingly, clonal cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 11 (37%) of the 30 cases with flow cytometric abnormalities, compared with no cytogenetic abnormalities among the 36 normal and indeterminate cases. The most common abnormal myeloid-associated antigens included HLA-DR, CD13, and CD33. In experienced laboratories, 4-color flow cytometry represents a useful method to help distinguish benign from neoplastic marrow in the workup of non-CML MPDs.
Modified Digital Pulse Width Modulator for Power Converters with a Reduced Modulation Delay (2012)

This paper presents a digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) with a reduced digital modulation delay (a transport delay of the modulator) during the transient response of power converters. During the transient response operation of a power converter, as a result of dynamic variations such as load step-up or step-down, the closed loop controller will continuously adjust the duty cycle in order to regulate the output voltage. The larger the modulation delays, the larger the undesired output voltage deviation from the reference point. The three conventional DPWM techniques exhibit significant leading-edge and/or trailing-edge modulation delays. The DPWM technique proposed in this paper, which results in modulation delay reductions, is discussed, experimentally tested and compared with conventional modulation techniques.
An accurate amperometric glucose sensor based glucometer with eliminated cross-sensitivity (2002)

This paper represents an experimental analysis of cross-sensitivity, which is the main problem that usually faces amperometric glucose sensors. The elimination of cross-sensitivity is based on experimental determination and verification of new correction factors. The correction factors obtained were then used to design a new glucometer with cross-sensitivity of the amperomtric glucose sensor to urea concentration in human blood eliminated. The accuracy of this glucometer satisfies the clinical requirements and the results of glucose measurements obtained using this glucometer are highly correlated with the glucose measurements for the same blood samples obtained using the well-known Yellow Springs Instrument glucose analyser.
Accuracy of commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) temperature control technology (2018)

The possibility of wide temperature variation across ENDS samples, as well as variations between maximum coil temperatures and internal temperature readings, may have implications for studies that seek to determine correlations between coil temperature and toxin generation.
One-dimensional CoS2–MoS2 nano-flakes decorated MoO2 sub-micro-wires for synergistically enhanced hydrogen evolution (2019)

CoS2-MoS2 nanoflakes decorated MoO2 (CoMoOS) hybrid submicro-wires with rich active interfaces were synthesized via the sulfuration of CoMoO4. They showed excellent activity while synergistically catalyzing the hydrogen evolultion reaction (HER) in basic media by promoting both the water dissociation and hydrogen absorption steps. Thus, the CoMoOS catalysts only needed 123 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 with a small Tafel slope in alkaline solutions, and required 1.68 V to obtain the same current density when assembled into an alkaline electrolyser.
Effect of receptor phosphorylation on the binding between IRS‐1 and IGF‐1R as revealed by surface plasmon resonance biosensor (2001)

A receptor binding assay based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technique was developed to study the interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its intracellular substrate protein insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). The sensor surface was modified with anti-IGF-1R (alpha-subunit) monoclonal antibodies for the capturing of the receptor-containing membrane fragments from cell lysates. The IGF-1R was successfully immobilized on the sensor surface with binding capability for its intracellular substrates. SPR measurements showed that the tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R induced by its extracellular ligand insulin-like growth factor-1 caused the receptor to bind with IRS-1 10 times faster than the unactivated receptor. As a result, the affinity constants of IRS-1 to phosphorylated and unphosphorylated IGF-1R were (8.06+/-5.18)x10(9) M(-1) and (9.81+/-4.61)x10(8) M(-1), respectively.
588: HIGH-RISK SIMULATION TO ASSESS THE USABILITY OF DIGITIZED AIRWAY BUNDLE CHECKLIST IN THE PICU (2022)

Introduction: The Airway Bundle Checklist (ABC) has been shown to improve tracheal intubation (TI) safety outcomes. ABC contains three sections performed by the bedside staff: pre-planning, pre-procedure timeout, and post-procedure huddle. We developed a ‘smart’ digitized ABC that provides specific recommendations based on risk factors. We hypothesized team leader’s cognitive task load with digitized ABC use would be different from current paper-based ABC in a realistic PICU interdisciplinary simulation based on real high-risk TIs. Methods: The digitized ABC was developed by translating the paper checklist and incorporating clinician inputs. A short training video showing how to use the digital checklist was shared with participants before simulation. Two realistic TI scenarios modified from clinical cases with adverse events were run for 5-10 min each with interdisciplinary ICU team (RT, RN, physician/advanced practice provider, APP). Each team was randomized to the order of the scenario and the type of the checklist. The APP, Fellow, or Attending who used the checklist reported cognitive task load (NASA TLX) and assessed the usability of the digitized checklist using a brief survey with 5-point Likert scale [1=disagree to 5=agree]. Paired t-test. Results: 23 RTs, 25 RNs, 4 APPs, and 16 Fellows/Attendings participated in 20 interdisciplinary simulations. No differences were found in the NASA TLX between the digitized vs. paper checklist [43±12 vs. 44±9, p=0.903, t=-0.12, paired t-test]. No significant effect of the order [t=1.87, p=0.092] or the type of scenario [t=2.01. p=0.072] was observed. Usability assessment showed (1) various functions of the digitized checklist were well integrated [3.7±1.0], (2) documenting team feedback was easy [3.9±1.0], (3) providers felt prepared to provide care with the digitized checklist [4.3±0.9], and (4) providers were able to achieve care goals [4.5±0.6]. Qualitative comments suggested to consider the checklist-workflow integration, clickable checkboxes, and barriers to using a tablet with gloves. Conclusions: In simulation-based testing of the digitized ABC with interdisciplinary team, team leader did not report higher cognitive taskload and felt positive about the checklist usability.
Root plasma membrane H+-ATPase is involved in the adaptation of soybean to phosphorus starvation (2006)

The plasma membrane H+-ATPase plays an important role in the plant response to nutrient and environmental stresses. However, the involvement of plant root plasma membrane H+-ATPase in adaptation to phosphate (P) starvation is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, experiments were performed with soybean roots in low-P nutrient solution (10 microM). Treatment with fusicoccin, an activator of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, increased P uptake by 35%, while vanadate, an inhibitor of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, severely suppressed it. These results suggested that P uptake might be regulated via the modulation of the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase under P starvation. The relationship between P uptake and the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase was examined further by using plasma membrane H+-ATPase transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana under low-P conditions. Transgenic plants absorbed more P compared with wild-type Arabidopsis. Results from real-time RT-PCR, western-blotting and immunolocalization analysis indicated that the increase in activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase by P starvation was caused by its transcriptional and translational regulation. A higher expression was observed at the translational level than at the transcriptional level. P starvation could induce a transient increase of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in soybean roots. The exogenous application of IAA stimulated the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and P uptake, while naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an IAA transport inhibitor, blocked IAA effects. Taken together, these results suggested an involvement of root plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the adaptation of soybean to P starvation. IAA might be involved in signal transduction of P starvation by activating the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean roots.
Wind tunnel testing of NREL's unsteady aerodynamics experiment (2001)

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment wind turbine was tested in the NASA Ames 80' by 120' (24.4 m by 36.6 m) wind tunnel during the spring of 2000. More than 200 channels of data were collected, each at over 500 samples per second. Of primary importance was the acquisition of blade surface pressures to characterize rotating blade aerodynamic responses. A large test matrix composed of more than 1,700 different turbine configurations and operating conditions is summarized. Nearly 2,200 data sets were collected amounting to over 100 giga-bytes of data. Examples of measured turbine aerodynamic and mechanical performance are provided. Also presented are aerodynamic measurements under unsteady aerodynamic conditions. Examples of wake extent flow visualization tests are also included. Because of the large data volume and wide varied of conditions under which testing occurred, only summary information is provided for more configurations.
MgO substrate surface optimization for YBaCuO thin film growth (2003)

To obtain high quality Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBaCuO) films grown on [001] MgO substrates, we have investigated the influence of high temperature substrate annealing prior to film deposition. In particular, we discuss the effect of annealing conditions (atmosphere, temperature and time) on MgO substrate morphology observed with atomic force microscopy. Thermal treatment under specific conditions resulted in the formation of [001]-oriented terraces bounded by [100]-oriented steps on the substrate surface. An improvement in the crystalline quality, as well as better DC electrical properties and microwave surface resistance values, has been observed for films sputtered onto substrate surfaces exhibiting such regular nanoscale step structures.
2,4-Bis(2-chlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one (2008)

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(20)H(19)Cl(2)NO, reveals chair conformations for both six-membered rings of the bicyclic system. Both 2-chloro-phenyl groups adopt equatorial dispositions with the chloro substituents oriented towards the carbonyl group; the aryl groups are orientated at an angle of 28.64 (3)° with respect to each other.
Physics-driven deep-learning inversion with application to transient electromagnetics (2021)

Machine learning, and specifically deep-learning (DL) techniques applied to geophysical inverse problems, is an attractive subject, which has promising potential and, at the same time, presents some challenges in practical implementation. Some obstacles relate to scarce knowledge of the searched geologic structures, a problem that can limit the interpretability and generalizability of the trained DL networks when applied to independent scenarios in real applications. Commonly used (physics-driven) least-squares optimization methods are very efficient local optimization techniques but require good starting models close to the correct solution to avoid local minima. We have developed a hybrid workflow that combines both approaches in a coupled physics-driven/DL inversion scheme. We exploit the benefits and characteristics of both inversion techniques to converge to solutions that typically outperform individual inversion results and bring the solution closer to the global minimum of a nonconvex inverse problem. The completely data-driven and self-feeding procedure relies on a coupling mechanism between the two inversion schemes taking the form of penalty functions applied to the model term. Predictions from the DL network are used to constrain the least-squares inversion, whereas the feedback loop from inversion to the DL scheme consists of the network retraining with partial results obtained from inversion. The self-feeding process tends to converge to a common agreeable solution, which is the result of two independent schemes with different mathematical formalisms and different objective functions on the data and model misfit. We determine that the hybrid procedure is converging to robust and high-resolution resistivity models when applied to the inversion of the synthetic and field transient electromagnetic data. Finally, we speculate that the procedure may be adopted to recast the way we solve inverse problems in several different disciplines.
Structural basis for the binding of a selective inverse agonist AF64394 with the human G-protein coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) (2021)

The orphan class A G-protein coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) is highly expressed in brain and linked with various neuronal functions, and therefore, expected to play a vital role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In view of the lack of its experimental structure, we describe herein the three-dimensional structure and conformational dynamics of GPR3 complexed with the inverse agonist AF64394. The GPR3 model was predicted using the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) method. The Induced Fit Docking predicted two unique poses, Pose 1 and Pose 2, for AF64394, and then, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by binding free-energy calculation revealed the Pose 1 as a very stable pose with the least fluctuation during the MD simulation while the Pose 2 underwent a significant fluctuation. The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core was engaged in multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), such as a water-mediated H-bond between the triazole nitrogen and T31, two direct H-bonds between the protonated triazole-ring nitrogen and V186 and T279, a direct H-bond between the secondary amine and V187. The phenyl substituent of AF64394 exhibited aromatic π-π stacking interactions with F97, F101, W43 and Y280. AF64394 showed a direct interaction with E28 and polar interactions with H96, T31 and T279. Throughout the MD simulation, the toggle switch residues, F120 and W260, remained in close contact, indicating that the GPR3 conformation represented an inactive state. The 4-(3-chloro-5-isopropoxyphenethyl) group resided near to the toggle switch residues. The insights gained here are expected to be useful in the structure-based design of new ligands targeting GPR3 modulation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Molecular Recognition of Protein Nanofibers as a Basis for Prior Disease Diagnostics (2012)

Our study shows how basic research capabilities can be translated into a practical application. The potential for this tool to serve as a diagnostic in other misfolded protein diseases.
Case study of the effects of prolonged and severe anorexia nervosa on bone mineral density (1994)

Among the most severe sequelae of anorexia nervosa (AN) are its skeletal complications. Young women who have AN during adolescence may not attain their expected peak skeletal mass, and may enter adulthood with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fracture. This case history describes a young woman with severe AN that included prolonged exposure to both low body weight and amenorrhea. BMD measurement during the acute stage of her illness revealed severe osteopenia. Six years after recovery from AN, follow-up studies demonstrated only modest gains in BMD, with measurements for the hip and lumbar spine that are greater than 2 SDs below the age-matched mean.
Future studies of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C: optimizing response rates for each hepatitis C population. (1995)

Interferon alfa, the only treatment currently approved for chronic hepatitis C virus infection, has a limited response rate (20-25%) in most patients. Ribavirin has also been used to treat hepatitis C virus infection, but treatment results in only a modest reduction in HCV-RNA levels; most patients relapse after the drug is discontinued. Combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon seems to be a logical approach to the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Small studies suggest that combination therapy results in improved sustained response rates compared with either interferon or ribavirin alone. In one study, 6 months of combination therapy was compared with 6 months of ribavirin monotherapy and 6 months of interferon alfa monotherapy. The sustained virologic response rates were 47% for combination therapy, 13% for interferon monotherapy, and 0% for ribavirin monotherapy. This study suggests that combination therapy can potentially double the sustained response rate, but larger studies are needed to evaluate this further. In trial design for clinical studies, many factors must be considered. Determining the response to interferon monotherapy might include establishing liver histology (especially in patients with cirrhosis) and hepatitis C virus genotype--types 1b and 4 are associated with a poor response, which is likely to affect the response to combination therapy. Patients in treatment trials should be followed long term at regular intervals; it is only with prolonged, detailed follow-up that the full effects of antiviral therapy on health and prevention of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma can be determined. Large multicenter studies are also needed to determine the effect of combination therapy in liver transplant patients. These studies must also address toxicity issues, as interferon may increase the risk of graft rejection post-transplant, and the low-grade hemolysis associated with ribavirin may stimulate hepatic iron deposition.
Device optimization of tris-aluminum (Alq3) based bilayer organic light emitting diode structures (2005)

In this work we present a detailed analysis of the emitted radiation spectrum from tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3) based bilayer organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as a function of the choice of cathode, the thickness of the organic layers, and the position of the hole transport layer/Alq 3 interface. The calculations fully take into account dispersion in the glass substrate, the indium tin oxide anode, and in the organic layers, as well as the dispersion in the metal cathode. The influence of the incoherent transparent substrate (1 mm glass substrate) is also fully accounted for. Four cathode structures have been considered: Mg/Ag, Ca/Ag, LiF/Al, and Ag. For the hole transport layer, N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-(3- methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) and N,N ′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N ′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) were considered. As expected, the emitted radiation is strongly dependent on the position of the emissive layer inside the cavity and its distance from the metal cathode. Although our optical model for an OLED does not explicitly include exciton quenching in the vicinity of the metal cathode, designs placing the emissive layer near the cathode are excluded to avoid unrealistic results. Guidelines for designing devices with optimum emission efficiency are presented. Finally, several different devices were fabricated and characterized and experimental and calculated emission spectra were compared. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Ankle brachial index <0.9 underestimates the prevalence of peripheral artery occlusive disease assessed with whole-body magnetic resonance angiography in the elderly (2008)

An ABI <0.9 underestimates the prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the general elderly population.
Radiofrequency electric field hyperthermia with gold nanostructures: role of particle shape and surface chemistry (2017)

Hyperthermia treatment of cancerous cells has been recently developed drastically with the help of nanostructures. Heating of gold nanoparticles in non-invasive radiofrequency electric field (RF-EF) is a promising and unique technique for cancer hyperthermia. However, because of differences between particles (i.e. their surface chemistry and dispersion medium) and between RF-EF sources, the research community has not reached a consensus yet. Here, we report the results of investigations on heating of gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods under RF-EF and feasibility of in-vitro cancer hyperthermia. The heating experiments were performed to investigate the role of particle shape and surface chemistry (CTAB, citrate and PEG molecules). In-vitro hyperthermia was performed on human pancreatic cancer cell (MIA Paca-2) with PEG-coated GNPs and GNRs at concentrations that were found non-toxic based on the results of cytotoxicity assay. Application of RF-EF on cells treated with PEG-GNPs and PEG-GNRs proved highly effective in killing cells.
How does audio-haptic enhancement influence emotional response to mobile media? (2013)

This research sought to characterize and quantify the emotional response to haptic (vibrotactile) enhancement in mobile video applications, and its impact on quality of experience. The findings reported here indicate that participants feel more emotionally involved with certain types of mobile video content when they are accompanied by haptic effects generated from the audio track. Study participants also exhibited heightened emotional arousal levels as indicated by both a physiological measure (electrodermal response rates) and a self-report. These results have important implications for mobile interaction designers, as well as mobile content providers and application developers, who wish to create engaging media experiences for mobile device users.