gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delaware’s Climate Action Plan: Omission of Source Attribution from Land Conversion Emissions (2022)

Delaware’s (DE) Climate Action Plan lays out a pathway to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 26% by 2025 but does not consider soil-based GHG emissions from land conversions. Consequently, DE’s climate action plan fails to account for the contribution of emissions from ongoing land development economic activity to climate change. Source attribution (SA) is a special field within the science of climate change attribution, which can generate “documentary evidence” (e.g., GHG emissions inventory, etc.). The combination of remote sensing and soil information data analysis can identify the source attribution of GHG emissions from land conversions for DE. Traditional attribution science starts with climate impacts, which are then linked to source attribution of GHG emissions. The most urgent need is not only to detect climate change impacts, but also to detect and attribute sources of climate change impacts. This study used a different approach that quantified past soil GHG emissions which are then available to support impact attribution. Study results provide accurate and quantitative spatio-temporal source attribution for likely GHG emissions, which can be included in the DE’s climate action plan. Including the impact of land conversion on GHG emissions is critical to mitigating climate impacts, because without a more complete source attribution it is not possible to meet overall emission reduction goals. Furthermore, the increased climate change impacts from land conversions are in a feedback loop where climate change can increase the rates of GHG emissions as part of these conversions. This study provides a spatially explicit methodology that could be applied to attribute past, future, or potential GHG emission impacts from land conversions that can be included in DE’s GHGs inventory and climate impact assessment.
β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 Expression Is Required for Platelet Production in Vitro and In Vivo (2011)

Abstract Abstract 192 Platelet turnover requires correct glycan presentation and expression. Deficiency in β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1), the major enzyme that transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to form type-2 lactosaminyl structures, is lethal in embryonic mice. However, E14.5 β4GalT1−/− embryos are grossly indistinguishable from wild type embryos. Here we sought to determine whether platelet formation and survival require β4GalT1. Hepatic stem cells were obtained from embryonic livers at E14.5 and megakaryoctes were differentiated in vitro in the presence of thrombopoietin. β4GalT1−/−megakaryocytes mature and differentiate normally in vitro as judged by their number, morphology and expression of main surface glycoproteins specific for the megakaryocyte lineage (GPIbα/β, GPIX, αIIb and β3). However, following differentiation, β4GalT1−/−megakaryocytes were unable to produce proplatelets and platelets in vitro. Addition of exogenous β4GalT1 and the donor substrate UDP-Galactose did not improve in vitro proplatelet and platelet formation. Importantly, platelet numbers were decreased by ∼ 75% in β4GalT1−/− E14.5 embryos when compared to wild type embryos. Platelet size was increased by ∼ 50% in β4GalT1−/− embryos, indicating that β4GalT1−/− mice have increased platelet clearance and/or that larger platelets are produced in vivo. Our data strongly support the notion that glycosylation mediated by β4GalT1 activity is crucial for platelet production in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a role for posttranslational glycan modification in platelet production. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chemical Compositions of Dew and Scavenging of Particles in Changchun, China (2015)

Dew and rain water were collected during 2013 and 2014 in Changchun, China. The dew was analyzed and the following parameters were measured: pH, EC, TDS, major anions (F − , Cl − ,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>4</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>), and major cations (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NH</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>4</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>+</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ). The mean pH, EC, and TDS values of dew were comparable with the values for rainwater. The pH values of dew and rain were 6.72 and 6.16, respectively. Both EC (308 μ S/cm) and TDS (154 mg/L) of dew were higher than those in rain samples. The concentration of main ions in dew was 1.5–5.7 times higher than levels in rainwater. The near-neutral pH values in dew were caused by the neutralization of acidity and buffering by the alkaline elements of soil origin (Ca 2+ ). This neutralization was confirmed by a strong correlation between the acidic ions (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>4</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) and the major cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ). Natural dust made an important contribution to the ions present in dews, but the presence of sulfate concentrations that are notably higher than rain water (up to 1584.5 μ eq/L) indicated a significant contribution of anthropogenic sources. Dew has the ability to capture particulates, and the purifying effect on the underlying surface was obvious.
New celiac disease biomarkers (2020)

Advances in the knowledge regarding celiac disease have enabled the development of diagnostic markers, such as anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-deaminated gliadin antibodies. The wide availability of these antibodies, genetic studies of HLA-DQ and duodenal biopsies constitute the pillars necessary for a definitive diagnosis. However, difficulties sometimes arise in both the diagnosis and follow-up of celiac patients, which cannot be resolved using these tools. This article reviews the scientific evidence and possible clinical utility of different biomarkers. This review is structured according to biomarkers that have been evaluated pathophysiologically in relation to intestinal damage or immune response and their potential clinical utility in the diagnosis and follow-up of celiac disease patients.
Homoenolate Anions (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomoenolate AnionsAlex. Nickon and James L. S.J. LambertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 23, 4604–4605Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00882a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00882a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1033Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ERMES – Monitoring of radon in geogas at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (2007)

In the middle part of 2005, in the framework of the ERMES (Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring for Earth Sciences) research project, started the realization of a regional seismic network. The acquisition system and analysis data is located in the external building of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). A summary of this research activity is presented.
Electrochemistry of ruthenates. Part 1.—Oxygen reduction on pyrochlore ruthenates (1983)

The reduction of dioxygen to water has been investigated on ternary ruthenium(IV) oxides having the pyrochlore structure; in particular, compounds of the general form Bi2–2xPb2xRu2O7-y have been studied. Oxygen reduction on these materials appears to proceed by a rate-determining outer-sphere electron transfer, followed by displacement of OH– groups coordinated to RuIV by the much stronger nucleophile O2H˙. The cyclic voltammetry of these oxides is interpreted in the light of the X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra, and a connection between the bandwidth in these oxides and the potential of the main redox processes observed on the voltammagrams is suggested.
Functional prokaryotic–eukaryotic chimera from the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family (2011)

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs), which mediate chemo-electric signal transduction in animals, have been recently found in bacteria. Despite clear sequence and 3D structure homology, the phylogenetic distance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs suggests significant structural divergences, especially at the interface between the extracellular (ECD) and the transmembrane (TMD) domains. To challenge this possibility, we constructed a chimera in which the ECD of the bacterial protein GLIC is fused to the TMD of the human α1 glycine receptor (α1GlyR). Electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes shows that it functions as a proton-gated ion channel, thereby locating the proton activation site(s) of GLIC in its ECD. Patch-clamp experiments in BHK cells show that the ion channel displays an anionic selectivity with a unitary conductance identical to that of the α1GlyR. In addition, pharmacological investigations result in transmembrane allosteric modulation similar to the one observed on α1GlyR. Indeed, the clinically active drugs propofol, four volatile general anesthetics, alcohols, and ivermectin all potentiate the chimera while they inhibit GLIC. Collectively, this work shows the compatibility between GLIC and α1GlyR domains and points to conservation of the ion channel and transmembrane allosteric regulatory sites in the chimera. This provides evidence that GLIC and α1GlyR share a highly homologous 3D structure. GLIC is thus a relevant model of eukaryotic pLGICs, at least from the anionic type. In addition, the chimera is a good candidate for mass production in Escherichia coli, opening the way for investigations of "druggable" eukaryotic allosteric sites by X-ray crystallography.
Facile Synthesis of Emodin Derivatives as Potential MMPIs (2005)

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a major active component of the traditional Chinese medicine -genus Rhamnus herb (Dahuang in Chinese).It has been reported that emodin possess many important biological properties, including anticancer, antibacterial and diuretic activities. 1,2On the other hand, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc dependent proteinases involved in the process of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, etc, are frequently over expressed by malignant tumors.Among which, gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are proved more essential with tumor. 3Emodin can greatly reduced the overexpression of gelatinase in various tumor lines, such as breast, cervical, prostate, glioma. 4Thus, emodin derivatives can serve as potential MMP inhibitors (MMPIs).As a part of our efforts to continually develop potential MMPIs, 5 we have prepared a series of emodin derivatives and reported in this paper.Starting from emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), the key intermediate ( 2) was accomplished according to the literature. 6Because the 1,8-hydroxy groups of emodin are adjacent to the 9-carbonyl group forming two intramolecular hydrogen bonds while the 3-hydroxy group is far from 9-and 10-carbonyl group, its reaction activity is more active than the 1-and 8-hydroxy groups.When the emodin reacted with one equivalent of potassium hydroxide in the presence of excess epichlorohydrin, the nucleophilic substituted reaction of 3-hydroxy group with epichlorohydrin was proceeded easily at refluxing temperature.The target product epoxide 2 was obtained as yellow needle
Impact of Corrosion on Fretting Damage of Electrical Contacts (2006)

Electrical contacts are used in a large number of industrial applications, this includes all sorts of modern transportation: airplanes, trains and automobiles. Mechanical assemblies are subjected to vibrations and micro-displacements between mating surfaces are observed leading to fretting wear. Mechanical degradation can additionally be accelerated by a corrosive factor caused by variable humidity, temperature and corrosive gas attack. Fretting-corrosion leads to an increase of contact resistance or intermittent contact resistance faults as corrosion products change the nature of the interface primary through a range of film formation processes. In this work the impact of a corrosion product film formed on copper and gold surfaces on the electrical contact fretting behavior is shown. It has been observed that modification of the interface by the formation of the surface layer can surprisingly lead to increase of the electrical contact durability.
A New Family of Graph Distances (2008)

A new class of distances for graph vertices is proposed. This class contains parametric families of distances which reduce to the shortest-path, weighted shortest-path, and the resistance distances at the limiting values of the family parameters. The main property of the class is that all distances it comprises are graph-geodetic: $d(i,j)+d(j,k)=d(i,k)$ if and only if every path from $i$ to $k$ passes through $j$. The construction of the class is based on the matrix forest theorem and the transition inequality.
Diurnal Cortisol Features and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Patients With Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study (2023)

Steeper DCS and higher midnight cortisol levels are associated with lower and higher T2D risks in patients with hypertension and OSA, respectively, at least in men or participants with moderate to severe OSA. Diurnal cortisol features may represent an early prevention target for diabetes in this population.
Preparation, characterization, and drug release behaviors of drug-loaded ?-caprolactone/L-lactide copolymer nanoparticles (2000)

Copolymers of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide (PCLLA) with different monomer ratio were synthesized by ring opening polymerization, and drug-loaded nanoparticles of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), poly-L-lactide (PLLA), and their copolymers were prepared by precipitation method, respectively. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction indicated that the copolymerization of PCLLA decreased the crystallinity of the polymers, and the results of transmission electron micrograph and laser light scattering (LLS) revealed that the prepared nanoparticles had a spherical shape, and the size of PCLLA nanoparticles (∼ 85 nm) was smaller than that of the PCL and PLLA nanoparticles. The experiment of in vitro drug release showed that the drug release rate from PCLLA nanoparticles was slower than that from PCL and PLLA nanoparticles, and the release profile of PCL6/LA4 nanoparticles appeared to follow zero order kinetics. These results suggested that the polymer composition made a great influence on the nanoparticle size and drug release behavior. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 874–882, 2000
Anaplastic Myeloma as Extramedullary Relapse of Multiple Myeloma in Remission (1986)

Anaplastic myeloma represents a rare variety of multiple myeloma, with poor prognosis and no response to therapy. 56 cases reported in the literature are reviewed and one case evaluated with immunohistochemical techniques is described. This case is of special interest in the following points: the anaplastic myeloma arose in extramedullary sites in a patient with typical multiple myeloma in remission; differential histological diagnosis between anaplastic myeloma and immunoblastic lymphoma was very difficult without immunohistochemical techniques; the anaplastic phase presented an atypical neurologic feature, the Collet-Sicard syndrome, and the treatment with radio-chemotherapy (including adriamycin) did not induce any clinical improvement.
Uncertainty inT1mapping using the variable flip angle method with two flip angles (2008)

Propagation of errors, in conjunction with the theoretical signal equation for spoiled gradient echo pulse sequences, is used to derive a theoretical expression for uncertainty in quantitative variable flip angle T(1) mapping using two flip angles. This expression is then minimized to derive a rigorous expression for optimal flip angles that elucidates a commonly used empirical result. The theoretical expressions for uncertainty and optimal flip angles are combined to derive a lower bound on the achievable uncertainty for a given set of pulse sequence parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results provide a means of quantitatively determining the effect of changing acquisition parameters on T(1) uncertainty.
SPARC: Time Series Transcriptomic Analysis of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract During the Development of Hypertension (2020)

Essential hypertension affects millions of people and is known have a neurogenic component where regions in the brain and brainstem involved in the autonomic nervous system govern the regulation of blood pressure set point. While some work has been done to profile gene expression levels in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in males, to date no work has specifically looked at how gene expression changes in the NTS drive hypertension development in females. We have conducted a time series mRNA profiling analysis in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in comparison to wild type Wistar Kyoto (WKY) allowing us to compare and contrast the results with previously obtained data in males. Rats were sacrificed over the development of and during chronic hypertension at 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of age and brainstems were removed and stored in OCT. Brainstems were sectioned on a cryostat and the NTS was extracted using a micropunch. Total RNA was extracted and samples were submitted for RNAseq. We used a data analysis approach focusing on comparative pattern counts (COMPACT) to exhaustively identify the dominant and subtle differential expression patterns (Kuttippurathu et al., BMC Genomics, 2016). Over 2000 genes that show both strain and age dependent differential expression were examined further to interrogate differences in expression patterns between SHR and WKY. Broad analysis reveals that genes involved in the adaptive immune response are differentially regulated in the SHR compared to WKY. Using COMPACT to examine specific patterns, we found that expression levels of many genes involved in transport and secretion of catecholamines do not change over time in WKY but are specifically downregulated in SHR before the onset of hypertension at 8 weeks of age. Interestingly, pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism that have been implicated in hypertension development in males did not show significant differences between SHR and WKY in females. These results provide valuable insight into the regulatory networks governing hypertension development in females and allows us to compare and contrast this to what is known in males. Support or Funding Information Supported by the NIH Common Fund SPARC Program award OT2 OD023848 and NIH NHLBI Multiscale Modeling award U01 HL133360.
Complementation of One RecA Protein Point Mutation by Another (2006)

The RecA residues Lys248 and Glu96 are closely opposed across the RecA subunit-subunit interface in some recent models of the RecA nucleoprotein filament. The K248R and E96D single mutant proteins of the Escherichia coli RecA protein each bind to DNA and form nucleoprotein filaments but do not hydrolyze ATP or dATP. A mixture of K248R and E96D single mutant proteins restores dATP hydrolysis to 25% of the wild type rate, with maximum restoration seen when the proteins are present in a 1:1 ratio. The K248R/E96D double mutant RecA protein also hydrolyzes ATP and dATP at rates up to 10-fold higher than either single mutant, although at a reduced rate compared with the wild type protein. Thus, the K248R mutation partially complements the inactive E96D mutation and vice versa. The complementation is not sufficient to allow DNA strand exchange. The K248R and E96D mutations originate from opposite sides of the subunit-subunit interface. The functional complementation suggests that Lys248 plays a significant role in ATP hydrolysis in trans across the subunit-subunit interface in the RecA nucleoprotein filament. This could be part of a mechanism for the long range coordination of hydrolytic cycles between subunits within the RecA filament.