gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indolizines. 3. Oxidation products of indolizinols: radicals, ions, and oxidized dimers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndolizines. 3. Oxidation products of indolizinols: radicals, ions, and oxidized dimersDonald H. Wadsworth, Charles H. Weidner, Steven L. Bender, Robert H. Nuttall, and Henry R. LussCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 15, 3652–3660Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00276a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00276a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Microemulsions Based on Soybean Phosphatidylcholine and Triglycerides. Phase Behavior and Microstructure (1997)

We have studied the phase behavior and microstructure of water/1-propanol/soybean phosphatidylcholine (SbPC)/triglyceride systems. Microemulsions are formed with both medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides. The amount of SbPC and 1-propanol needed to form a microemulsion increases as the chain length of the triglyceride increases. The MCT system was investigated in more detail and compared with a hexadecane system. The phase behavior and pulsed field gradient NMR data for the MCT system suggest that the microemulsions formed at low SbPC concentrations and 0 < α < 0.5, where α is defined as the weight fraction of oil/(oil + water), are of a bicontinuous type. The self-diffusion data for the microemulsions formed at higher SbPC concentrations clearly indicate that there is some structure also in these microemulsions with an oil-in-water droplet structure at the water rich side and a gradual change to a bicontinuous structure when the MCT concentration is increased. The bicontinuity appears to be preserved even at low water concentrations. The microstructure of the microemulsion in this part of the phase diagram is, however, less well-defined, most probably with large polydispersity and rapid fusion and fission of the oil and water domains. The hydrodynamic radius and aggregation number of the SbPC aggregates formed in a mixture of 22.5 wt % SbPC, 22.5 wt % 1-propanol, and 55 wt % water was calculated as 27.5 Å and 68 SbPC molecules/aggregate, respectively.
Dynamically tunable broadband mid-infrared cross polarization converter based on graphene metamaterial (2013)

We present a mid-IR highly wavelength-tunable broadband cross polarization conversion composed of a single patterned top layer with L-shaped graphene nanostructures, a dielectric spacer, and a gold plane layer. It can convert linearly polarized light to its cross polarization in the reflection mode. The polarization conversion can be dynamically tuned and realize a broadband effect by varying the Fermi energy without reoptimizing and refabricating the nanostructures. This offers a further step in developing the tunable polarizers and the polarization switchers.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Conformational Bias in Solution of a Sterically Congested Pyrophosphite:1 Experimental and Computational Evidence for Restricted Rotation about an sp3−sp3 P−O Single Bond (2001)

The synthesis and structural characterization of the sterically congested pyrophosphite 6-[(2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxy]-2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin, 3, is described. In solution at room temperature, a single species was observed that was consistent with a pyrophosphite structure without any evidence for the tautomeric diphosphine monoxide. Below the coalescence temperature (T(C)), 0 degrees C, three atropisomers were observed with relative absolute configurations of (R,R,R), (R,S,R), and (R,R,S). Ring inversion of the seven-membered rings below the T(C) is slow on the NMR time scale, which leads to observable diastereoisomerism because of the presence of two independent stereoaxes (sp2-sp2 C-C single bond connecting the two aryl rings). Additionally, a rotation about an exocyclic P-O single bond connecting the two seven-membered rings, which constitutes a third stereoaxis, is slowed on the NMR time scale. In the X-ray crystal structure of 3, the solid-state conformation was found to be the same as the major conformation in solution below the T(C), namely, the (R,R,S) atropisomer. The results of a conformational search, performed with a specifically parametrized AMBER force field, were in agreement with the 31P NMR assignment of the major (R,R,S) atropisomer, which was found to be an energy minimum. Additionally, we could independently assign the relative configuration of the minor isomers based on the calculated results.
Michael Lipka, Roman Gods. A Conceptual Approach. Leyde, Brill, 2009 (2010)

Van haeperen Françoise. Michael Lipka, Roman Gods. A Conceptual Approach. Leyde, Brill, 2009. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 79, 2010. p. 528.
Design of ultrawideband multilayer slot-coupled vertical microstrip transitions employing novel patch shapes (2015)

Design of two different slot-coupled vertical microstrip–microstrip transitions for ultrawideband (UWB) multilayer microwave circuits are introduced. Transitions consist of two stacked substrates with common ground in the middle and two microstrip-feed-lines connected to microstrip patches on the top and bottom. The proposed transitions use broadside coupling between microstrip patches at the top and the bottom layers via a rectangular-shaped slot in the common ground plane (midlayer). The proposed patch shapes are trapezoidal and butterfly shapes, which are capable of achieving broadband characteristics for UWB operation. Extensive parametric studies are performed to address the effect of varying the transition parameters on the coupling value and the operational frequency bandwidth. The simulated results using two simulation programs with two different numerical techniques show that the proposed transitions have low transmission coefficient (less than 1.2 dB) and a high reflection coefficient (better than 16 dB) over the 3.1–10.6 GHz frequency range. Two transition prototypes are fabricated and then tested experimentally using Agilent E8364B PNA Network Analyzer. Experimental results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:747–756, 2015
Expression of Y-Box binding protein-1 following hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in well-differentiated nasopharyngeal cancer in vivo (2005)

The Y-Box binding protein, YB-1, belongs to a group in the DNA and RNA binding protein family. YB-1 is known to be expressed in a number of different cancers and reported to protect cells against DNA-damaging agents such as ultraviolet light. The purpose of this study was to determine if YB-1 levels are altered in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cells. In this report, we show for the first time that YB-1 is expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in well-differentiated NPC in vivo. YB-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissues from a murine well-differentiated HK1/NPC model showed no significant difference in mRNA levels following hypericin-PDT. Localization of the YB-1 protein by immuno-histochemistry revealed the presence of cytoplasmic YB-1 in the more mature and better differentiated cells of the untreated group, as well as cells that survived PDT treatment. Expression of the YB-1 protein may possibly influence the cellular stress response to hypericin-PDT and protect the cells from phototoxicity.
A High-Resolution Melting Approach for Analyzing Allelic Expression Dynamics (2009)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single base pair mutations that provide new approaches to studies of allele transcript abundances. High-resolution DNA melting curve (HRM) analysis using a LightScanner (Hi-Res Melting system with Idaho's LC Green) provides post-PCR detection of mutations and SNPs in genomic DNA. This study investigated whether the HRM analysis can distinguish alleles among potato (Solanum tuberosum) transcript abundances. Transcript properties of genes encoding seven carbohydrate metabolism enzymes/proteins in various tissues and cold storage durations were studied. The HRM assay measured differential expression of alleles between different organs, between different storage treatments and stages of tubers from the same variety, and between different varieties with the same treatment. The RT-PCR amplicons were directly sequenced to assist the interpretation of HRM data. The cDNA HRM curves correlated well with the nucleotide polymorphisms of the cDNA sequences and the transcript abundance of alleles and therefore can serve as functional allele activity (FAA) markers. By combining the allelic specificity of HRM with simple PCR design, this technology can be applied to rapidly determine the most active allele of a gene among the cells analyzed.
An implantable RF-powered dual channel stimulator. (1981)

An implantable RF-powered dual channel stimulator was designed for hip stabilization. The approach included: small size, low power consumption, external powering, adjustable output current stimulus, dual channel operation an hermetic sealed electronic packaging. Thick film hybrid circuit techniques were used. The circuit and RF powering scheme were designed for low power operation with compromise to allow for linear and lateral displacements between the transmitting and receiving antenna. The output stimuli are biphasic negative going current pulses of 175 microseconds duration and 0-5 mA amplitude. Hermeticity is provided by enclosure of the electronics in a flat pack and subsequent epoxy coating of the implant assembly.
Aminoquinolones and Their Benzoquinone Dimer Hybrids as Modulators of Prion Protein Conversion (2022)

Prion Diseases or Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies are neurodegenerative conditions associated with a long incubation period and progressive clinical evolution, leading to death. Their pathogenesis is characterized by conformational changes of the cellular prion protein-PrP<sup>C</sup>-in its infectious isoform-PrP<sup>Sc</sup>-which can form polymeric aggregates that precipitate in brain tissues. Currently, there are no effective treatments for these diseases. The 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone structure is associated with an anti-prion profile and, considering the biodynamic properties associated with 4-quinolones, in this work, 6-amino-4-quinolones derivatives and their respective benzoquinone dimeric hybrids were synthesized and had their bioactive profile evaluated through their ability to prevent prion conversion. Two hybrids, namely, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis((3-carboxy-1-pentyl-4-quinolone-6-yl)amino)-1,4-benzoquinone (<b>8e</b>) and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis((1-benzyl-3-carboxy-4-quinolone-6-yl)amino)-1,4-benzoquinone (<b>8f</b>), stood out for their prion conversion inhibition ability, affecting the fibrillation process in both the kinetics-with a shortening of the lag phase-and thermodynamics and their ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates without significant cytotoxicity at ten micromolar.
rf acceleration with harmonic number jump (2006)

We have recently considered acceleration of protons and heavy ions in a fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator with nonscaling lattice and linear field profile. To avoid the problem of frequency modulation for acceleration of low-energy beams over a too short period of time, and to boost the acceleration rate, the method of harmonic number jump (HNJ) was proposed. This method allows the use of constant frequency acceleration, for instance using superconducting cavities, despite the fact that the beam velocity may vary considerably. Of course in this case the accelerating voltage and rf phase will need to be programmed accordingly as we shall show. We shall study first the motion of synchronous particles, and then of those with deviating initial conditions. We estimate the area and height of the rf buckets that are to contain the beam bunches with the added condition of the HNJ. We finally investigate methods to allow the program of energy gain as required by the HNJ method, including the effect of the cavity transit time factor.
miR‑4730 suppresses the progression of liver cancer by targeting the high mobility group A1 pathway (2022)

As liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed malignancy, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for LC progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play crucial roles in tumor progression by regulating target gene expression. The present study assessed miRNA‑4730 expression and function in LC. The effects of miR‑4730 overexpression were examined in LC cell lines, and the target genes of miR‑4730 were evaluated using microarray analysis and TargetScan data. In addition, the association between miR‑4730 expression in tissue samples and the prognosis of 70 patients with LC was evaluated. miR‑4730 expression was suppressed in LC tissues and cell lines. miR‑4730 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) was revealed as the direct target of miR‑4730 using luciferase reporter assay, and the inhibition of downstream integrin‑linked kinase (ILK) expression and Akt or glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation was confirmed. The lower expression of miR‑4730 in tissue samples was significantly associated with a worse recurrence‑free survival of patients with LC. On the whole, miR‑4730 suppressed tumor progression by directly targeting HMGA1 and inhibiting the ILK/Akt/GSK3β pathway. miR‑4730 thus has potential for use as a prognostic marker and may prove to be a therapeutic target for miRNA‑based therapies.
A Model and Method for Detecting Information Campaigns (2021)

This paper investigates the possibility of automatic detection of information campaigns in the absence of a priori knowledge about the fact of their running, their goals, affected objects, and target audience. We propose a general model of information campaigns and also highlight some features of hidden information campaigns. The model is suitable for describing information campaigns both in social media and in traditional media, including those outside of the Internet. A method for detecting information campaigns, which allows the problem to be solved in automatic mode, is proposed. To confirm the efficiency of the method, an experimental study was carried out on data collected from social media. We invited some experts in related fields to label text messages and create a test corpus. To analyze the complexity of the problem, we measured the degree of cross-expert agreement. Results of the analysis confirmed the initial hypothesis that, even for professionals, the detection of hidden information campaigns is not a trivial task. Nevertheless, using the voting method, we built a test collection to study particular information campaign features, as well as compared the proposed method with individual answers provided by the experts. Result of the experiments confirmed a high potential of the proposed approach to the problem of automatic detection of information campaigns.
Using one-way functions for authentication (1989)

Techniques are suggested to construct authentication protocols on a basis of one-way functions rather than encryption algorithms. This approach is thought of interest for several reasons. It appears that this approach could achieve, at least, equally simple and capable protocols.
Theoretical Studies of the Absorption and Emission Properties of the Fluorene-Based Conjugated Polymers (2004)

The structures, ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), and HOMO−LUMO gaps (ΔH-L) of the oligomers are studied by the density functional theory with B3LYP functional. The lowest excitation energies (Egs) and the maximal absorption wavelength λabs of oligomers of polyfluorene (PF) and poly(2,7-fluorene-alt-co-5,7-dihydrodibenz[c,e]oxepin) (PFDBO) are studied employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and ZINDO. Band gaps and effective conjugation lengths of the corresponding polymers were obtained by extrapolating HOMO−LUMO gaps and the lowest excitation energies to infinite chain length. The IPs, EAs, and λabs of the polymers were also obtained by extrapolating those of the oligomers to the inverse chain length equal to zero (1/n = 0). For PFDBO, IPs and EAs are higher and the band gap is larger than those of PF's from the extrapolation. The outcome shows that the dramatically twisted structure of PFDBO in the seven-membered ring results in the decreased conjugation in the chain. These cause both the maximal absorption and emission wavelengths of PFDBO blue shift compared with PF.
Plasma Physics and Engineering (2004)

Plasma engineering is a rapidly expanding area of science and technology with increasing numbers of engineers using plasma processes over a wide range of applications. A current partial list would include: electronics, energetics, fuel conversion, ozone generation, treatment of polymers and othermaterials, synthesis of new materials, production of
Effect of electrostatic chucking on EUVL mask flatness (2004)

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) places strict requirements on the quality and flatness of the substrate and patterned mask. The SEMI EUVL Mask Substrate Standard (SEMI P37) specifies that the substrate frontside and backside nonflatness be no more than 50 nm peak-to-valley (<i>p-v</i>). Recent technological advances in polishing and finishing techniques have placed the 50 nm <i>p-v</i> specification within reach. A key ingredient in the development of EUVL is understanding and characterizing the clamping ability of the electrostatic chuck and the resulting effect on the flatness of the chucked mask. By implementing the shape of a representative EUVL mask surface into a numerical model, the effect of electrostatic chucking on the shape of the mask was determined. Legendre polynomials have been identified as an effective and efficient means of representing EUVL mask surface shapes. Finite element (FE) models have been developed to utilize the Legendre coefficients as input data to define the surfaces of an EUVL mask. The FE models were then used to determine the clamping response of the mask. In particular, the maximum mask-to-chuck gap within the Flatness Quality Area and over the entire mask has been tracked as a function of clamping pressure for representative EUVL surfaces. One of the important parameters in this study was the chuck's mechanical stiffness (comprised of the thickness and modulus). The flatness of the EUVL mask also depends on the intrinsic stress and thickness of the multilayer and backside layers. The results in this paper show that the recent advances in EUVL substrate polishing have resulted in masks that can be chucked relatively flat.
Influence of absorber length on inhomogenously pumped, bistable semiconductor lasers (1987)

We report on experiments with inhomogenously pumped semiconductor lasers of InGaAsP (1300 nm) having a saturable absorber. Bistability disappears for long relative length of the absorber, and lasing occurs for wavelengths considerably longer than the luminescence peak. Both these results are very important for designing bistable lasers and are consistent with recently published theoretical data.
A new, fast, relaxation-free, convergent, hessian-based, ordered-subsets algorithm for emission tomography (2005)

We propose a fast, convergent, positivity preserving, OS-type (ordered-subsets) maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction algorithm for emission tomography (ET) which takes into account the Hessian information in the ML Poisson objective. In contrast to recent approaches, our proposed algorithm is fundamentally not based on the well known EM-ML algorithm for ET. Our new algorithm is based on an expansion of the ML objective using a second order Taylor series approximation w.r.t. the projection of the source distribution. Defining the projection of the source as an independent variable, we construct a new objective function in terms of the source distribution and the projection. This new objective function contains the Hessian information of the original Poisson negative log-likelihood. After using a separable surrogates transformation of the new Hessian-based objective, we derive an ordered subsets, positivity preserving algorithm which is guaranteed to asymptotically reach the maximum of the original ET log-likelihood. Preliminary results show that this new algorithm is about as fast as RAMLA after a few initial iterations. However, in contrast to RAMLA, the new algorithm does not require any user-specified, relaxation parameters.
Efficient and Selective Al‐Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation via Oppenauer Chemistry. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
LCR-2, a fortran lattice constant refinement program (1964)

This report describes a computer program which refines lattice constants for any crystal symmetry by the least squares method. Several types of extrapolation functions are provided, and these functions can be used either singly or in combination. A complete error treatment is made, including covariances between parameters.