gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage High-Efficiency Concurrent Dual-Band Harmonic-Tuned Power Amplifier (2016)

The design strategies and the implementation of a two-stage concurrent dual-band (DB) microwave harmonic-tuned power amplifier (PA) are presented in this paper. The power stage and the driver stage of this circuit are designed to operate under DB class-F conditions and DB inverse class-F conditions, respectively. The proposed DB harmonic control network of the power stage is implemented by combining a composite right/left-handed transmission line and a DB biasing line with harmonic tuning. A novel DB interstage matching network is developed to transfer the optimum fundamental output impedances of the driver stage to optimum fundamental input impedances of the power stage, as well as suppress the third harmonics at two frequency bands of interest. In the nonconcurrent mode (CM), the measured output power of the two-stage DB PA achieves two peaks of 40.2 and 40 dBm at 1.62 and 2.08 GHz with the maximum power-added efficiencies (PAEs) of 71.5% and 73%, respectively. In the CM, the maximum average PAE is up to 62%. To our best knowledge, the implementation of the two-stage concurrent DB harmonic-tuned PA is reported for the first time in the literature.
Induction of Liquid Crystalline Phases: Formation of Discotic Systems by Doping Amorphous Polymers with Electron Acceptors (1989)

Liquid crystalline behavior and molecular miscibility – in amorphous discoid polymers, and mixtures thereof, can both be induced by CT interactions with a low molecular disk-shaped electron acceptor such as trinitrofluorenone (TNF). The properties of these induced discotic phases can be varied easily and over a wide range by choice of polymer type, electron acceptor, and mixing ratio.
Cross-platform spaceborne Sar imaging: Demonstration using TanDEM-X (2013)

The possibility of combining data acquired with different platforms to generate a single SAR image results in an advantageous relaxation of the timing and sampling requirements of the system which can be used to improve in different ways its performance. We report about a generalised approach for distributed SAR image formation which is based on a platform dedicated compensation of the observation geometry followed by a differential calibration of the data. The validity of the approach on simulated data is presented. Further tests with actual data from a TanDEM-X dedicated campaign are being conducted.
Systemic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition combined with local vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP): Effects on primary tumor and prevention of lung metastasis in a preclinical RCC model. (2015)

477 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1 pathway have shown activity against advanced renal cell carcinoma in phase 2 clinical trials. The response to PD-1 inhibition is not consistent however and may depend on host factors (ie. PD-L1 expression). Strategies that modulate immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment can impact responses to PD-1 pathway inhibitors. We have previously shown that VTP treatment of primary tumors using the novel photosensitizer WST-11 induces a defined local inflammatory response. We sought to evaluate whether response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition could be enhanced with VTP treatment of primary tumors. Methods: Balb/c mice bearing orthotopically implanted Renca kidney tumors were treated with IgG alone, anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), VTP alone, or VTP + mAbs. VTP treatment of the primary tumor was performed 10 days (d10) after tumor implantation. Primary tumor response, enumeration of lung metastases and histologic analysis was performed on d21. Results: Treatment of the primary tumor with VTP and systemic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition (n=15) resulted in regression of primary tumors whereas PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition alone (n=21) or VTP treatment alone (n=16) did not (no gross tumor vs. median tumor size 96mm 2 vs 36 mm 2 vs 81 mm 2 for combination vs mAbs alone vs VTP alone vs control, p&lt;0.0001). Significant treatment effect was also observed in the combined treatment group by histologic analysis. Furthermore, growth of lung metastases was prevented with the combined treatment regimen compared to either treatment alone (median number lung mets=3 vs 56 vs 53 vs 23 for combination, mAb alone, VTP alone and control, respectively, p=0.0252). Conclusions: Only the combination of systemic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition and local VTP provided primary tumor control and prevention of distant metastasis. Modulation of the inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment with local therapy such as VTP may enhance the effects of systemic PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to provide better local and metastatic tumor control that can be investigated in prospective clinical trials.
Fabrication of Ceramic Microstructures via Microcasting of Nanoparticulate Slurry (2005)

Fabrication of microstructures has been the subject of considerable attention in recent years. Techniques such as surface silicon micromachining and bulk silicon etch have emerged as practical methods for thin microstructures and processes such as LIGA (an acronym for the German words for lithography, electrodeposition, and molding) are being used to produce high aspect ratio structures from a limited set of electroformable metals and polymers. As microsystem technologies and application prospects continue to grow, it is of interest and much practical value to expand the material choices for LIGA‐scale microstructures to ceramics and a broader class of metals. To this end, this paper investigates a new technique for the fabrication of high aspect ratio ceramic or metal microparts. This technique is based on capillary‐driven microcasting and curing of an epoxy‐based metallic or ceramic nanoparticulate slurry into a sacrificial plastic mold produced by microinjection molding. The cured preform is subsequently heated to remove the organic phase and to sinter the particulate ceramic or metallic phase. The fabrication process is discussed in the paper along with illustration of example microparts produced using the process. A theoretical model of the fluid flow during the microcasting process is developed and validated with experimental data from the fabrication of rectangular rib sections.
An Empirical Study of w-Cutset Sampling for Bayesian Networks (2012)

The paper studies empirically the time-space trade-off between sampling and inference in a sl cutset sampling algorithm. The algorithm samples over a subset of nodes in a Bayesian network and applies exact inference over the rest. Consequently, while the size of the sampling space decreases, requiring less samples for convergence, the time for generating each single sample increases. The w-cutset sampling selects a sampling set such that the induced-width of the network when the sampling set is observed is bounded by w, thus requiring inference whose complexity is exponential in w. In this paper, we investigate performance of w-cutset sampling over a range of w values and measure the accuracy of w-cutset sampling as a function of w. Our experiments demonstrate that the cutset sampling idea is quite powerful showing that an optimal balance between inference and sampling benefits substantially from restricting the cutset size, even at the cost of more complex inference.
Hysteretic, high T c Josephson junctions using heterostructure trilayer films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)

Hysteretic Josephson junctions have been fabricated by growing c-axis oriented trilayer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Bi2Sr2(Ca,Bi, Sr)7Cu8O20/Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single-crystal thin films and patterning them into devices. To our knowledge, these are the first cuprate superconductor junctions to exhibit current-voltage characteristics with substantial hysteresis. Current flow in the devices is in the vertical (c axis) direction, through an ultrathin (∼30 Å) barrier layer. The current-voltage response shows large, sharp Shapiro steps under microwave illumination.
Porous Metals from Colloidal Templates (2000)

Macroporous metals with strong diffractive properties at visible wavelengths can be synthesized from colloidal crystal templates. The synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of macroporous metals created in this manner are summarized in this article. The Figure shows a macroporous copper film, illustrating the long-range order of the porous structure (see also cover).
Active control of jet breakup and droplet formation using temperature modulation (2021)

Different regimes of temperature modulated breakup were studied using a slender jet model. The instability is induced through capillary and Marangoni stresses and can be used to control droplet formation in terms of intact length and resultant drop size distribution, which is otherwise irregular due to the inevitable presence of background noise. When thermal modulation is weak, the surface tension gradient forces act only as a trigger and curvature-gradient forces soon take over and grow exponentially downstream of the jet due to inertio-capillary growth. When thermal modulation is strong, the surface tension gradient forces not only act as a trigger, but remain significant till breakup.
Bioactive Diterpenes and Sesquiterpenes from the Rhizomes of Wild Ginger (<i>Siphonochilus aethiopicus</i> (Schweinf) B.L Burtt) (2011)

Wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf) B.L Burtt) is used in traditional medicines in the West and South of Africa. In the present study, the crude hexane extract of wild ginger was evaluated for in vitro bioactivity. The components isolated from the plant for the first time are: epi-curzerenone, furanodienone (sesquiterpenes), 8(17),12E-labdadiene-15,16-dial, 15-hydroxy-8(17),12E-labdadiene-16-al and 16-oxo-8(17),12E-labdadiene-15-oic acid (labdanes). Cytotoxicity determinations using five cell lines: SH-SY5Y (human, Caucasian, bone marrow, neuroblastoma), Jurkat (human, peripheral blood, leukaemia T cell), L929 (mouse, CH3/connective tissue, areolar and adipose tumour cells), Hep G2 (human, Caucasian, hepatocellular carcinoma) and Hs 27 (normal, human, foreskin cells) were carried out. Anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (S427) blood stream forms and anti-bacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum (CIP .104482) were also investigated. Activity against M. aurum was moderate and at 100µg/ml, the crude extract together with the labdanes showed specific cytotoxicity, indicating anti-cancer potency. Anti-trypanosomal activity was observed in the crude extract which increased with the pure components: 8(17),12E-labdadiene-15,16-dial (MIC = 5.3 µM) and the sesquiterpenoids (MIC = 6.9 µM) as compared to suramin activity (MIC = 10 µM). This anti-trypanosomal activity which is being reported for the first time indicates possible usage against sleeping sickness and nagana in cattle.
Selling Zoning: Do Density Bonus Incentives for Moderate-Cost Housing Work (1989)

This Article reviews the housing affordability problem, the California legislation, and previous research findings. The Article outlines our methods, presents our results, and recommends program improvements.
Biological Properties of Single Chemical−DNA Adducts: A Twenty Year Perspective (2007)

The genome and its nucleotide precursor pool are under sustained attack by radiation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chemical carcinogens, hydrolytic reactions, and certain drugs. As a result, a large and heterogeneous population of damaged nucleotides forms in all cells. Some of the lesions are repaired, but for those that remain, there can be serious biological consequences. For example, lesions that form in DNA can lead to altered gene expression, mutation, and death. This perspective examines systems developed over the past 20 years to study the biological properties of single DNA lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum(V) Phosphates: Structural Relationships and Classification (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Global Observation of Hydrogen/Deuterium Isotope Effects on Bidirectional Catalytic Electron Transport in an Enzyme:  Direct Measurement by Protein-Film Voltammetry (1997)

Protein-film voltammetry reveals the global effects of H/D isotopic substitutions, both in organic substrates and solvent, on bidirectional catalytic electron transport in a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. The voltammetry is controlled by the enzyme kinetics and therefore provides a direct display of the characteristic relationships between turnover rates (current) and driving force (potential). This enables simultaneous measurement of relative electron-transport rates for oxidative and reductive directions alongside thermodynamic data (reduction potentials) relating to substrates and active sites. Measured over a range of pH and pD, the relationships between effective catalytic potentials of the enzyme and formal reduction potentials for substrate and active-site yield a “potential-domain” description of the catalytic energetics, which complements and extends the picture obtained by conventional kinetic methods. For the organic substrates, a marked decrease is observed in the rate of oxidation of perdeuteriosuccinate compared to succinate, but there is no change upon deuterating fumarate. On changing the solvent from H2O to D2O there is a significant decrease in catalytic activity, particularly in the direction of fumarate reduction. Simultaneously, the characteristic potentials of the enzyme (active-site FAD and effective catalytic potentials) are raised but to a lesser extent than is the reduction potential of the substrate. The catalytic energetics are thus altered. For the first time with a complex redox enzyme, the results enable H/D substitution effects to be rationalized in terms of the changes introduced in overall driving force and enzyme reduction potentials, as well as the effects of intrinsic kinetic processes.
Identification and functional characterization of a spliced rhesus rhadinovirus gene with homology to the K15 gene of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (2009)

Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) is a gamma-2 herpesvirus related to the human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8). This study identified an alternatively spliced gene at the right side of the RRV genome (strain 17577) between open reading frame 75 and the terminal repeat region. Of its eight exons, the first seven encoded up to 12 transmembrane domains, whilst the eighth exon encoded a predicted C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Structurally and positionally, this RRV gene therefore resembles the K15 gene of KSHV; it was provisionally named RK15 to avoid confusion with other RRV17577 genes. In ectopic expression studies, the 55 kDa RK15 protein isoform activated the JNK and NF-kappaB pathways, like the 45 kDa KSHV K15-encoded protein isoform. In contrast to K15, which activates angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and CCL20, the range of cellular transcripts activated by the RRV K15 homologue was much more restricted, but included IL-6, IL-8 and FGF21. These data suggest functional differences between terminal membrane proteins at the right end of the genomes of Old World primate gamma-2 herpesviruses.
Effect on growth and cell cycle kinetics of estradiol and tamoxifen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells grown in vitro and in nude mice. (1989)

The effects of estradiol and tamoxifen (TAM) on the estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 grown in vitro and in nude mice were compared. The effect on growth was determined by cell number in vitro and by tumor growth curves in nude mice. The effects on the cell cycle kinetics were determined by repeated flow cytometric DNA analyses in vitro and in vivo and by the technique of labeled mitosis in nude mouse-grown tumors. Under in vitro conditions, estradiol induced a pronounced increase in S-phase fraction and cell number. TAM inhibited growth of MCF-7 cells with a concomitant increase in the G1 phase from 60% to 75%. In nude mice, MCF-7 only formed tumors in estradiol-supplemented mice. No differences were observed in growth and cell kinetics between 0.1 and 1.0 mg of estradiol. Daily i.p. injections of TAM resulted in tumor growth inhibition with shrinkage of tumors. The flow cytometric DNA analysis and percentage of labeled mitosis investigations revealed no significant differences in the proliferation kinetics of TAM-treated and control tumors. Calculating the cell loss factor demonstrated an increase from 69% in control tumors to 107% in TAM-treated tumors. These experiments have shown that the cell kinetic effect of TAM is different when MCF-7 cells are grown in vitro versus in vivo. In contrast to the in vitro data, the in vivo data indicate that the growth-inhibitory effect of TAM is not mediated through a perturbation of the cell cycle.
Real-time Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging by a Fiber-optic Two-photon Endomicroscopy System (2016)

We report for the first time two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging in real time with an extremely compact, fiber-optic endomicroscope of subcellular resolution along with a fast Fourier-domain lifetime estimation algorithm.
Separability and Entanglement-Breaking in Infinite Dimensions (2005)

In this paper we give a general integral representation for separable states in the tensor product of infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces and provide the first example of separable states that are not countably decomposable. We also prove the structure theorem for the quantum communication channels that are entanglement-breaking, generalizing the finite-dimensional result of M. Horodecki, Ruskai and Shor. In the finite dimensional case such channels can be characterized as having the Kraus representation with operators of rank 1. The above example implies existence of infinite-dimensional entanglement-breaking channels having no such representation.
Figure S6 from Mutational Mechanisms That Activate Wnt Signaling and Predict Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Predictive Value for Candidate Genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of Shock Wave Rise Times in Metal Thin Films (2000)

We have measured the rise time of laser-generated shock waves in vapor plated metal thin films using frequency-domain interferometry with subpicosecond time resolution. 10%- 90% rise times of <6.25 ps were found in targets ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 microm in thickness. Particle and average shock velocities were simultaneously determined. Shock velocities of approximately 5 nm/ps were inferred from the measured free surface velocity, corresponding to pressures of 30-50 kbar. Thus, the shock front extends only a few tens of lattice spacings.
A technique for measuring the surface temperature of transistors by means of fluorescent phosphor (1971)

A technique that uses temperature-sensitive phosphor (TSP) to make quantitative measurements of transistor-chip surface temperatures over the range of 170 -210 C is described. The experimental procedure consisted of depositing a thin coating of phosphor on uncapped power transistors,-and then photographing the visible fluorescence generated under near-ultraviolet (uv) excitation. The cooler regions produced a brighter fluorescence than the hotter areas. The surface temperatures of operating transistors were determined by comparing, on a point-bypoint basis, the photographic density of operating photographs to the density of a family of calibration photo- graphs. Repeated temperature measurements always fell within a 4 C overall error range when the phospor surface was scanned with a 25 x 25 (M aperture. The error band dropped to less than 2 C when a 50 x 50 \m aperture was used.
Mammalian ribonucleotide reductase subunit p53R2 is required for mitochondrial DNA replication and DNA repair in quiescent cells (2012)

In postmitotic mammalian cells, protein p53R2 substitutes for protein R2 as a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. In human patients with mutations in RRM2B, the gene for p53R2, mitochondrial (mt) DNA synthesis is defective, and skeletal muscle presents severe mtDNA depletion. Skin fibroblasts isolated from a patient with a lethal homozygous missense mutation of p53R2 grow normally in culture with an unchanged complement of mtDNA. During active growth, the four dNTP pools do not differ in size from normal controls, whereas during quiescence, the dCTP and dGTP pools decrease to 50% of the control. We investigate the ability of these mutated fibroblasts to synthesize mtDNA and repair DNA after exposure to UV irradiation. Ethidium bromide depleted both mutant and normal cells of mtDNA. On withdrawal of the drug, mtDNA recovered equally well in cycling mutant and control cells, whereas during quiescence, the mutant fibroblasts remained deficient. Addition of deoxynucleosides to the medium increased intracellular dNTP pools and normalized mtDNA synthesis. Quiescent mutant fibroblasts were also deficient in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage, as indicated by delayed recovery of dsDNA analyzed by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding and the more extensive and prolonged phosphorylation of histone H2AX after irradiation. Supplementation by deoxynucleosides improved DNA repair. Our results show that in nontransformed cells only during quiescence, protein p53R2 is required for maintenance of mtDNA and for optimal DNA repair after UV damage.
ENZYMATIC-BASED HYDROLYSIS PROCESSES FOR ETHANOL (2007)

This article reviews developments in the technology for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials by “enzymatic” processes. Several methods of pretreatment of lignocelluloses are discussed, where the crystalline structure of lignocelluloses is opened up, making them more accessible to the cellulase enzymes. The characteristics of these enzymes and important factors in enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose to cellobiose, glucose, and other sugars are discussed. Different strategies are then described for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, including separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (NSSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Furthermore, the by-products in ethanol from lignocellulosic materials, wastewater treatment, commercial status, and energy production and integration are reviewed.