gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pedestrian introduction to Gamow vectors (2002)

The Gamow vector description of resonances is compared with the S matrix and the Green function descriptions using the example of the square barrier potential. By imposing different boundary conditions on the time independent Schrödinger equation, we obtain either eigenvectors corresponding to real eigenvalues and the physical spectrum or eigenvectors corresponding to complex eigenvalues (Gamow vectors) and the resonance spectrum. We show that the poles of the S matrix are the same as the poles of the Green function and are the complex eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation subject to a purely outgoing boundary condition. The intrinsic time asymmetry of the purely outgoing boundary condition is discussed. Finally, we show that the probability of detecting the decay within a shell around the origin of the decaying state follows an exponential law if the Gamow vector (resonance) contribution to this probability is the only contribution that is taken into account.
Peristaltic Locomotion of a Modular Mesh-Based Worm Robot: Precision, Compliance, and Friction (2015)

Abstract Effective worm-like gaits require accurate segment coordination. However, there can be imprecision due to segment-to-segment variation in the soft structure, variation in actuator response to loads, or nonlinearities not compensated for in control. Here, our objective is to demonstrate how body softness with respect to frictional loads determines a tolerance for the controlled coordination of worm-like segments. To explore this, our new soft robot, compliant modular mesh worm, utilizes compliant mesh segments that are individually actuated with different waveforms that result in peristaltic locomotion. The modular mesh is constructed from 3D printed and commercially available parts, allowing for the testing of a variety of components that can be easily interchanged to vary stiffness. A series of experiments were performed to characterize the actuated mesh and the behavior of segment contact points during locomotion. In our robot, video analysis shows slip along the ground that is explained by sources of imprecision that are greater than tolerances specified by friction and compliance. The six-segment robot is faster on surfaces with greater friction (where slip is minimized) and can advance at 25.8 cm/min on a plywood surface. The data presented highlight the importance of lifting advancing segments off the ground and the role of sources of imprecision in the control of segment length. These analyses will be useful for the design and control of future peristaltic devices for new applications.
Building a distributed full-text index for the web (2001)

We identify crucial design issues in building a distributed inverted index for a large collection of Web pages. We introduce a novel pipelining technique for structuring the core index-building system that substantially reduces the index construction time. We also propose a storage scheme for creating and managing inverted files using an embedded database system. We suggest and compare different strategies for collecting global statistics from distributed inverted indexes. Finally, we present performance results from experiments on a testbed distributed Web indexing system that we have implemented.
Fully printed volumetric negative-refractive-index transmission-line slabs using a stacked shunt-node topology (2008)

A volumetric negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) slab is proposed using a stacked shunt-node topology. The slab is analyzed using multiconductor transmission line (MTL) theory and verified by Ansoft’s HFSS. A fully printed design employing interdigital capacitors and spiral inductors is derived from the lumped-element counterpart and demonstrates low-loss and broadband properties. A strategy for placing some of the required vias is introduced which dramatically simplifies the fabrication process while still suppressing the parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) parasitic mode. Using these innovations, a volumetric NRI-TL slab lens is fabricated and the focusing experimental results show that the proposed slab lens can overcome the diffraction limit by more than a factor of two.
Underuse of Trimodality Treatment Affects Survival for Patients With Inflammatory Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Treatment and Survival Trends From the National Cancer Database (2014)

Underutilization of trimodality therapy negatively impacted survival for patients with IBC. The use of trimodality therapy increased marginally with time, but there remain significant factors associated with differences in use of trimodality treatment. We have identified specific barriers to care that may be targeted to improve treatment delivery and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Self-Healing Characterization of Engineered Cementitious Composite Materials (2010)

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External Resistance Reduction by Nanosecond Laser Anneal in Si/SiGe CMOS Technology (2018)

We report on a significant pFET external resistance reduction (∼40%) and corresponding 10% R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> decrease by nanosecond laser annealing of S/D structures applicable to advanced technology nodes. Selective melting of pFET S/D elements is responsible for this improvement. Process window boundaries are defined by channel and junction melting at the upper end and by S/D SiGe melting at the lower end. Short channel characteristics are not degraded within the identified process window. Contacted gate pitch (CPP) and fin number dependence of the process window is assessed.
Capacitor-Less Photovoltaic Cell-Level Power Balancing using Diffusion Charge Redistribution (2014)

This paper presents a new strategy, diffusion charge redistribution (DCR), for balancing power among photovoltaic cells to increase energy extraction and to improve maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) efficiency under partial shading conditions. With DCR, testing and binning during cell manufacturing can be eliminated and significant cost savings can be achieved during production. The proposed technique performs power balancing by taking advantage of the intrinsic diffusion capacitance of the solar cells and requires no external passive components for energy storage, thereby minimizing power electronics cost and complexity. Strings balanced by this technique exhibit power versus current curves that are convex, which also greatly reduces the cost and complexity of the required MPPT algorithm.
A Simple Model of the Japanese Public Pension System and the Risk Management by an Option Hedging Strategy (2013)

We consider the risk management problem in the Japanese public pension system using government data and programs. Specially, we formulate a simple model of pension sustainability for the long term and then model the budgetary balance as a stochastic process using the growth rate of wages and the rate of fund return. Our objects are to assess the effects of economic scenarios when forecasting reserve values and to evaluate the risk of a failure to pay benefits in the target year. We measure risk in our scenarios by backward calculating the option pricing for a binomial tree. We assess the sustainability of pensions in three economic scenarios with deflation, middle inflation, and high-inflation economies.
Dynamic-control problems with on/off cells [neurons] (2003)

In this paper, we study the dynamics of neurons and discuss how the neurons encode and decode both temporal and spatio-temporal signals. Dynamical properties (bifurcation, limit cycles, etc.) have been analyzed in an appropriate phase plane, whereas for the encoding and decoding scheme we have used a wavelet-based approach.
A low power fully integrated bandpass operational amplifier for biomedical neural recording applications (2002)

This paper presents a low power fully integrated bandpass amplifier for a variety of biomedical neural recording applications. A standard two-stage CMOS amplifier in a closed-loop resistive feedback configuration provides stable AC gain of 39.5 dB at 1 kHz. A PMOS input transistor, biased near the sub-threshold region acting as a high value resistor in the range of hundreds of mega ohms, is utilized to clamp the large and random DC open circuit potential that normally exists at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The 3 dB bandwidth of the amplifier is measured to be 26 Hz - 6.5 kHz and the tolerable DC input range is measured to be at least 1 V. The amplifier measures 0.107 mm/sup 2/ in die area and dissipates 133 /spl mu/W from a 3 V power supply. It is fabricated in MOSIS AMI 1.5 /spl mu/m double poly double metal n-well CMOS process. Bench tests show complete functionality of the amplifier in both light and dark conditions and for a wide range of recording electrode capacitance.
Invariant natural killer T cells: Linking inflammation and neovascularization in human atherosclerosis (2010)

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory lipid storage disease of large arteries, is complicated by cardiovascular events usually precipitated by plaque rupture or erosion. Inflammation participates in lesion progression and plaque rupture. Identification of leukocyte populations involved in plaque destabilization is important for effective prevention of cardiovascular events. This study investigates CD1d-expressing cells and invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in human arterial tissue, their correlation with disease severity and symptoms, and potential mechanisms for their involvement in plaque formation and/or destabilization. CD1d-expressing cells were present in advanced plaques in patients who suffered from cardiovascular events in the past and were most abundant in plaques with ectopic neovascularization. Confocal microscopy detected iNKT cells in plaques, and plaque-derived iNKT cell lines promptly produced proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated by CD1d-expressing APC-presenting α-galactosylceramide lipid antigen. Furthermore, iNKT cells were diminished in the circulating blood of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis. Activated iNKT cell-derived culture supernatants showed angiogenic activity in a human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1-spheroid model of in vitro angiogenesis and strongly activated human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 migration. This functional activity was ascribed to IL-8 released by iNKT cells upon lipid recognition. These findings introduce iNKT cells as novel cellular candidates promoting plaque neovascularization and destabilization in human atherosclerosis.
Hyperinsulinemia prevents prolonged hyperglycemia after intense exercise in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. (1994)

Hyperglycemia with accompanying hyperinsulinemia occurs after brief, greater than 85% maximum oxygen consumption exercise to exhaustion in normal subjects and persists up to 60 min of recovery. To determine the importance of endogenous insulin secretion during and after intense exercise, responses to exercise of lean fit male post-absorptive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects, aged 18-34 yr, were compared with those of control subjects (C; n = 6). Three iv insulin protocols were employed: hyperglycemic (HG; n = 7) and euglycemic (EG1; n = 6) with constant insulin infusion, and euglycemic with doubled insulin infusion during recovery (EG2; n = 6). Overnight iv insulin was adjusted to achieve prolonged euglycemia (5.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) or hyperglycemia (8.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) before exercise. This allowed for comparisons between HG and EG1 (constant infusion) and between C and EG2 (to approximate physiological hyperinsulinemia by doubling the infusion rates at exhaustion for 56 +/- 7 min during recovery). Subjects exercised to 89-98% of their individual maximum oxygen consumption for 12.8 +/- 0.3 min. Glycemia increased to maximum values at 6 min of recovery (9.8 +/- 0.5 in HG, 6.9 +/- 0.4 in EG1, 7.3 +/- 0.3 in EG2, and 6.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/L in C). Whereas in EG2 and C, glucose returned to resting values in 50-80 min, it remained elevated at 120 min recovery in HG and EG1. During exercise, [3-3H]-glucose-determined glucose production increased markedly and exceeded disappearance in all groups, but less so in the HG subjects than in the other groups. An early recovery decline in glucose production did not differ among groups, but MCR (rate of glucose disappearance/glycemia) were markedly lower in HG and EG1, in whom plasma free insulin remained unchanged from 15 min of recovery onward (MCR, 1.6-1.9 vs. 2.3-2.8 mL/kg.min in C). Doubling the insulin infusion rate in EG2 restored the MCR response to that of C subjects. In summary, constant insulin infusion is insufficient to prevent prolonged postexercise hyperglycemia in IDDM subjects, even when provided at a rate sufficient to maintain normal resting glycemia and glucose turnover. The finding that increasing the rate of insulin infusion restored plasma glucose to normal in IDDM subjects suggests that the postexercise increase in insulin levels observed in normal subjects is essential to return plasma glucose to resting levels. Therefore, special strategies, differing from those for less strenuous exercise, are required for the management of insulin therapy in IDDM during and after intense exercise.
Congenital Hyperinsulinism: An Historical Perspective (2022)

Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates, infants, and children. Since the first case descriptions in the 1950s, the field has advanced significantly. It was the development of the insulin radioimmunoassay by Yalow and Berson a decade later that made it possible to demonstrate that this form of persistent hypoglycemia was caused by insulin, and a few years later, Drash described the successful treatment of children with hyperinsulinism with the antihypertensive diazoxide, which until today remains the only approved treatment for hyperinsulinism. In the mid 1970s, Baker and Stanley described that hyperinsulinism can be recognized by inappropriate responses of metabolic fuels and hormones during the course of a provocative fasting challenge. Later, advances in molecular genetics led to the discovery of the different genetic subtypes of hyperinsulinism. One of the most impactful discoveries in the field was the recognition of the focal form of hyperinsulinism and the development of 18F-DOPA PET for the localization of focal lesions before surgery which has resulted in the possibility of cure for children with focal disease. However, treatment options for children with nonfocal diazoxide-unresponsive hyperinsulinism have continued to be limited. New drug development programs for hyperinsulinism promise to change this in the next few years. Unfortunately, despite all these advances, children with hyperinsulinism around the world continue to experience neurological sequelae at high rates, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Development of an Advanced Torque Vectoring Control System for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors using Soft Computing Techniques (2013)

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Lipids in dairy cow nutrition: effects on performances and adipose tissue metabolism (1994)

Résumé*INRA, centre de Theix Diffusion du document : INRA, centre de Theix
Synthesis of acyl 1-acetoxy-2-phenoxyethanes and the corresponding hydroxy derivatives (1980)

Acyl 1-acetoxy-2-phenoxyethanes Ia-Id were prepared by aluminium chloride or polyphosphoric acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts acylation. Subsequent hydrolysis gave the corresponding alcohols IIa-IId . The formation of ortho -isomers during acylation was not observed.
Performance evaluation of TCP under dynamic allocation scheme for down-link transmission rate in W-CDMA systems: Research Articles (2004)

IMT-2000 has attracted much attention as the Next Generation Mobile Communication System. IMT-2000 can provide high-bit-rate data communication service, so that a great number of packets conveyed by TCP (transmission control protocol) can be transmitted over a wireless link. W-CDMA, standardized in 3GPP (which standardizes IMT-2000), allows dynamically allocating transmission rates to flow over a wireless link in response to a changing FER for each flow, which is thought to be essential for a next generation mobile communication system. Therefore, in this paper, we study the characteristics of the dynamic allocation scheme when TCP flows share a wireless link, and, in particular, we focus on the throughput performance of these TCP flows. First, we use simulations to examine the effectiveness of the dynamically allocating down-link transmission rate for TCP flows in response to changing the frame error rate (FER). Through the simulation results, we will show how it can improve the total throughput performance of TCP flows. Furthermore, we can obtain an effective way to allocate transmission rates to flows with different FERs in order to achieve high total throughput. Finally, we will deal with a case of multiple flows from a fixed host to a mobile host. In actual networks, this often happens. In this case, we will show that the total throughput of TCP flows degrades less than in the single-flow case, even when the FER is high. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unmasking Novel Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis (2004)

The Bacillus subtilis transcription factor sigma(E) directs the expression of a regulon of 262 genes, but null mutations in only a small fraction of these genes severely impair sporulation. We have previously reported that mutations in seven sigma(E)-controlled genes cause a mild (2- to 10-fold) defect in sporulation. In this study, we found that pairwise combinations of some of these seven mutations led to strong synthetic sporulation phenotypes, especially those involving the ytrHI operon and ybaN. Double mutants of ybaN and ytrH and of ybaN and ytrI had >10,000-fold lower sporulation efficiencies than the wild type. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed a block in cortex formation for the ybaN ytrH double mutant and coat defects for the ybaN single and ybaN ytrI double mutants. Sporulating cells of a ybaN ytrI double mutant and of a ybaN ytrHI triple mutant exhibited a pronounced loss of dipicolinic acid (DPA) between hours 8 and 24 of sporulation, in contrast to the constant levels seen for the wild type. An analysis of the spore cortex peptidoglycans of the ybaN ytrI and ybaN ytrHI mutants showed striking decreases in the levels of total muramic acid by hour 24 of sporulation. These data, along with the loss of DPA in the mutants, suggest that the developing spores were unstable and that the cortex underwent degradation late in sporulation. The existence of otherwise hidden sporulation pathways indicates that functional redundancy may mask the role of hitherto unrecognized sporulation genes.
2D-Rectangular c2mm mesoporous silica nanoparticles with tunable elliptical channels and lattice dimensions (2008)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a two-dimensional center-rectangular (plane group c2mm) lattice and coiled elliptical channels have been synthesized; the new synthetic route also allows simple control over the lattice dimensions and the elliptical shape of the channels.
Optimal control-based online motion planning for cooperative lane changes of connected and automated vehicles (2017)

This work formulates the multi-vehicle lane change motion planning task as a centralized optimal control problem, which is beneficial in being generic and complete. However, a direct solution to this optimal control problem is numerically intractable due to the dimensionality of the collision-avoidance constraints and nonlinearity of the vehicle kinematics. A progressively constrained dynamic optimization (PCDO) method is proposed to facilitate the numerical solving process of this complicated problem. PCDO guarantees to efficiently obtain an optimum to the original optimal control problem via solving a sequence of simplified problems which gradually judge and reserve only the active collision-avoidance constraints. A first-regularization-then-action strategy, together with the look-up table technique, is developed for online solutions. At the regularization stage, the vehicles form a standard formation by linear acceleration/deceleration only. At the action stage, the vehicles execute lane change motions computed offline and recorded in the look-up table. This makes online motion planning feasible because 1) the computational complexity at the regularization stage scales linearly rather than exponentially with the vehicle number; and 2) online computation at the action stage is fully avoided through data extraction from the look-up table.
Role of Nitrogen and Oxygen in Capacitance Formation of Carbon Nanowalls (2020)

Supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials are attracting much attention because of their high capacitance enabled by large specific surface area. The introduction of heteroatoms such as N or O enhances the specific capacitance of these materials. However, the mechanisms that lead to the increase in the specific capacitance are not yet well-studied. In this Letter, we demonstrate an effective method for modification of the surface of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) using DC plasma in atmospheres of O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and their mixture. Processing in the plasma leads to the incorporation of ∼4 atom % nitrogen and ∼10 atom % oxygen atoms. Electrochemical measurements reveal that CNWs functionalized with oxygen groups are characterized by higher capacitance. The specific capacitance for samples with oxygen reaches 8.9 F cm<sup>-3</sup> at a scan rate of 20 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. In contrast, the nitrogen-doped samples demonstrate a specific capacitance of 4.4 F cm<sup>-3</sup> at the same scan rate. The mechanism of heteroatom incorporation into the carbon lattice is explained using density functional theory calculations.
Synchronized SVPWM Strategy for Common Mode Voltage Reduction of High Power Inverters in the Overmodulation Region (2019)

This paper proposes a common-mode voltage (CMV) suppression strategy for synchronized space vector modulation (SSVM) in the overmodulation region for high dc voltage utilization requirements. In two divided overmodulation region, reference voltage vectors of SSVM are synthesized in the light of superposition principle for easy implementation. Moreover, zero vectors are replaced by two opposing active vectors to reduce CMV. In the proposed method, the amplitude of CMV could be reduced to one-third for the inverter with diode front end. The performance of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations and experiments.
Theoretical study of alignment dynamics of magnetic oblate spheroids in rotating magnetic fields (2016)

Magnetic composites containing anisotropic magnetic particles can achieve properties not possible in corresponding bulk or thin films of the magnetic material. In this work, we discuss how planar magnetic anisotropy may be achieved in a composite by aligning disk-shaped particles in an in-plane rotating magnetic field. Previous efforts have reported a simple model of aligning particles in a high-frequency rotating magnetic field. However, no complete analytic solution was proposed. Here, we provide a full analytic solution that describes the alignment dynamics of microdisks in a rotating field that covers the entire frequency range. We also provide simplified solutions at both high-frequency and low-frequency limits through asymptotic expansions for easy implementation into industrial settings. The analytic solution is confirmed by numerical simulation and shows agreement with experiments.