gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The learning aspects of the FAULT FINDER expert system (2002)

The FAULT FINDER expert system implements fault isolation decisions for any target system or equipment that is modeled by lowest replaceable units (LRUs). This expert system utilizes a database to represent each LRU, a status interface to obtain LRU status, and a knowledge base to store the rules of fault isolation for the target system. The expert system has learning capabilities in the database, the knowledge base, and the inference procedure. Another aspect of learning which influences the structure of the knowledge base is that each rule has parameters associated with it to store the information learned as a result of user feedback and the inference process. The certainty or possibility associated with the conclusion of each rule is adjusted as the system runs and gains experience. The inference procedure uses fuzzy logic for premise matching certainty and the combining of premise certainties for the rule firing certainty. Also presented are issues of knowledge structure and possible types of fault isolation knowledge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu 3+ in NaK 2 CuF 6 (1996)

The valence-band, Cu 3p and Cu 2p core-level spectra of NaK 2 CuF 6 , cryolite, containing copper in a 3 + valence state have been measured and the results are compared with those of other Cu 3+ compounds such as LaCuO 3 and NaCuO 2 . Evidence of the 2p 5 3d 8 final state in Cu 2p core-level and 3d 7 satellites in the valence band due to Cu 3+ ions has been found. The L 3 M 45 M 45 (LVV) Auger-electron kinetic energy is shifted by 1.2 eV relative to that of CuF 2 . The satellite of the LVV Auger line and the 2p and 3p core-level spectra are explained in terms of final-state energies diminished by Coulomb interactions between the valence electrons and the X-ray induced 2p core holes. The fluorine is binding energy (686.3 eV) indicates more ionic character and less charge transfer from ligand to metal. Experimental results are explained with simple configuration interaction calculations and the nature of the cryolite as a charge-transfer insulator.
KOH-mediated transition metal-free synthesis of imines from alcohols and amines (2012)

The various imines were prepared from alcohols and amines in moderate to good yields under an air atmosphere promoted by KOH, eliminating the need for toxic transition metal catalysts. Due to its simplicity, this protocol will have wide application in synthesis.
An evaluation of dielectric materials for use in pulsed power devices (2009)

In order to improve the high voltage performance of pulsed power equipment a study has been undertaken into the dielectric strength of various liquids, gels and solids. The experimental set-up for this investigation used an 8 stage Marx generator in order to produce a high potential difference between two uncoated stainless steel spherical electrodes. The electrodes were insulated by the material under test and were spaced 1.5 to 3.5 mm apart. The breakdown voltage of each of the samples was recorded as a function of the gap distance, and the data was then post-processed in order to determine the breakdown strength of each of the materials. A number of substances were identified that had very high breakdown strengths and these are now being incorporated into our pulsed power devices. In addition to these tests, investigations were also undertaken on oil insulated electrodes coated with a variety of dielectric materials. A number of coatings were identified which were capable of increasing the breakdown voltage by up to 60% over uncoated electrodes. Additional results were taken for a selection of coating materials in order to evaluate the effect of coating thickness and storage temperature on the breakdown voltage performance.
Dynamic surface properties of anionic-cationic mixtures (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic surface properties of anionic-cationic mixturesP. Joos, J. Van Hunsel, and G. BleysCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 15, 3386–3393Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100406a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100406a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Automation of long term extracorporeal oxygenation systems (2009)

In case of severe lung malfunction (ARDS), conventional artificial ventilation strategies may not be able to maintain physiological gas exchange. In these life threatening situations, extracorporeal gas exchange is one of the last available options to keep the patient alive. Until now, most centers use modified cardiopulmonary bypass devices (heart-lung machines). These devices were designed and built for permanent supervision by a trained perfusionist while in operation. In particular, control and safety concepts are tailored to constant attention of an operator. As this can not be achieved in an intensive care unit, more advanced concepts for control and patient safety are necessary. This paper describes an automation concept for advanced extracorporeal lung assist systems for long term use in the intensive care unit. A main focus will be on the modelling of the gas exchange module (oxygenator) and the derivation of controllers for oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration at the oxygenator output.
219 Electromagnetic Bulging to Shape of Metal Separator for Metal Foil (2009)

The electromagnetic bulging described in this paper is able to bulge a SUS304-O stainless steel sheet uniformly. Though a sheet metal with high electrical conductivity such as an aluminum sheet and a copper sheet is able to bulge easily, the bulging of the stainless sheet is difficult because the sheet has low electrical conductivity and high flow stress. The die forming of the SUS304-O sheet is performed by using the copper sheet as a driving plate (driver), when a flat two-turn coil is adopted to bulge uniformly. The die is 12mm wide, 60mm long and has a small meandering groove with a 0.6mm depth and a corner radius of 0.3mm. A forming region of the sheet metal is narrow, but use of the coil enables uniform bulging of the sheet. An obtained workpiece does not almost have wrinkles and curves.
Measuring the Economic Value of a Marine Protection Program against the Introduction of Non-Indigenous Species in the Netherlands (2002)

Harmful algal bIoom species are the cause of important damages to marine living resources and human beings. These marine species are primarily introduced in North-European waters through ballast water, i.e. water trans-ported across the oceans so as to keep a vessel in balance. Port authorities can impose standards on ballast water treatment, which are associated with costs. This, in turn, leads to the question which benefits are associated with the commitment of such standards. Monetary valu-ation can provide information on this. This article reports a monetary valuation study of a marine protection pro-gram. The program focuses on the prevention of harmful algal bIoom species along the coastline of the Nether-lands. It entails the construction of a ballast water dis-posal treatment in the Rotterdam harbor, and the imple-mentation of a monitoring program of the water quality in the open sea along the North-Holland beaches. The valuation survey is based on a questionnaire undertaken at Zandvoort, a famous Dutch beach resort. Since the economic value of the marine protection program included non-market benefits associated with beach recreation, human health and marine ecosystem impacts, both contingent valuation and travel cost methods are used.
Nanosecond and picosecond time reversal acoustics (2004)

We describe a means to achieve time reversal acoustics on nanosecond or picosecond time scales for surface or bulk longitudinal phonon modes, respectively, by the use of ultrashort optical pulses for the phonon generation. After the presentation of the theory of low and high frequency time reversal acoustics, the limitations of the method and possible experiments on nanostructures and microstructures are discussed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Rat Model for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Very Premature Infants (1996)

We proposed that hypoxic-ischemic injury suffered on postnatal day 1 (P1) in the newborn rat would yield significant and reproducible brain injury simulating that seen in a midgestation human brain. The P1 pup was subjected to ipsilateral common carotid ligation followed by 3.5 h of 6% O2 and demonstrated consistent histological changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere. At P2 neuronal loss and edema were pronounced in cortex and caudate; edema subsequently declined by P3. Astrocytic and microglial reactivity were seen as early as 24 h after injury, and by P10 both were extensive in damaged areas. There was marked loss of white matter on the affected side. We have demonstrated a reproducible model of hypoxic-ischemic injury to the very immature brain that can be used to elucidate mechanisms of neuronal loss and periventricular leukomalacia.
Physical Structure of Silica-Alumina Catalysts (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical Structure of Silica-Alumina CatalystsJ. H. Ramser and P. B. HillCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 1, 117–124Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50577a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50577a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Designing a Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Production of Gasoline-Range Isoparaffins from CO2 (2021)

The production of carbon-neutral fuels from CO<sub>2</sub> presents an avenue for causing an appreciable effect in terms of volume toward the mitigation of global carbon emissions. To that end, the production of isoparaffin-rich fuels is highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a multifunctional catalyst combination, consisting of a methanol producer (InCo) and a Zn-modified zeolite beta, which produces a mostly isoparaffinic hydrocarbon mixture from CO<sub>2</sub> (up to ∼85% isoparaffin selectivity among hydrocarbons) at a CO<sub>2</sub> conversion of >15%. The catalyst combination was thoroughly characterized via an extensive complement of techniques. Specifically, <i>operando</i> X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that Zn (which plays a crucial role of providing a hydrogenating function, improving the stability of the overall catalyst combination and isomerization performance) is likely present in the form of Zn<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub> clusters within the zeolite component, in contrast to previously reported estimations.
Photochemical methods for deuterium labelling of organic molecules (2020)

This tutorial review is intended as a foundation for the further development of novel photocatalytic strategies to achieve deuterium incorporation using mild and sustainable conditions.
The penetration temperature of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate solutions into solid long-chain alcohols (1968)

Journal Article The penetration temperature of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate solutions into solid long-chain alcohols Get access B W Barry, B W Barry Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E Shotton E Shotton Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 20, Issue 3, March 1968, Pages 242–243, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1968.tb09733.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 12 December 1967 Published: 12 April 2011
Nanoscale piezoelectric response across a single antiparallel ferroelectric domain wall (2005)

Experiments and three-dimensional numerical modeling of nanoscale piezoelectric response across a single domain wall in ferroelectric lithium niobate are presented. Surprising asymmetry in the local electromechanical response across a single antiparallel ferroelectric domain wall is reported. Piezoelectric force microscopy is used to investigate both the in-plane and out-of- plane electromechanical signals around domain walls in congruent and near-stoichiometric lithium niobate. The observed asymmetry is shown to have a strong correlation to crystal stoichiometry, suggesting defect--domain-wall interactions. A defect-dipole model is proposed. The finite-element method is used to simulate the electromechanical processes at the wall and reconstruct the images. For the near-stoichiometric composition, good agreement is found in both form and magnitude. Some discrepancy remains between the experimental and modeling widths of the imaged effects across a wall. This is analyzed from the perspective of possible electrostatic contributions to the imaging process, as well as local changes in the material properties in the vicinity of the wall.
Trans-Interhemispheric Stereoelectroencephalography Depth Electrode Placement for Mesial Frontal Lobe Explorations in Medically Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note and Case Series (2023)

Trans-interhemispheric SEEG to monitor the mesial wall of frontal lobe regions is technically feasible. No adverse events were observed, suggesting a favorable safety profile.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation and Gene Expression of PPARGC1A in Human Muscle Is Influenced by High-Fat Overfeeding in a Birth-Weight-Dependent Manner (2010)

LBW subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance and decreased gene expression of PPARGC1A and OXPHOS genes when challenged with fat overfeeding. The extent to which our finding of a constitutively increased DNA methylation in the PPARGC1A promoter in LBW subjects may contribute needs to be determined. We provide the first experimental support in humans that DNA methylation induced by overfeeding is reversible.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIDINE 26. MITT. HERST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐ UND 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐PTERIDINE (1972)

Abstract Die beiden Pyrimidinone (Ia) und (Ib) liefern beim Verschmelzen mit Methyl= R 0513 amin‐hydrochlorid die entsprechenden Methylamino‐pyrimidinone (IIa) und (IIb), die nach Nitrierung durch Salpetersäure zu (IIIa) und (IIIb) führen.
Crystal structure of a phenol‐coupling P450 monooxygenase involved in teicoplanin biosynthesis (2011)

The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin has proven efficacy against gram-positive pathogens. Teicoplanin is distinguished from the vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotics, by the presence of an additional cross-link between the aromatic amino acids 1 and 3 that is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase Orf6* (CYP165D3). As a goal towards understanding the mechanism of this phenol-coupling reaction, we have characterized recombinant Orf6* and determined its crystal structure to 2.2-Å resolution. Although the structure of Orf6* reveals the core fold common to other P450 monooxygenases, there are subtle differences in the disposition of secondary structure elements near the active site cavity necessary to accommodate its complex heptapeptide substrate. Specifically, the orientation of the F and G helices in Orf6* results in a more closed active site than found in the vancomycin oxidative enzymes OxyB and OxyC. In addition, Met226 in the I helix replaces the more typical Gly/Ala residue that is positioned above the heme porphyrin ring, where it forms a hydrogen bond with a heme iron-bound water molecule. Sequence comparisons with other phenol-coupling P450 monooxygenases suggest that Met226 plays a role in determining the substrate regiospecificity of Orf6*. These features provide further insights into the mechanism of the cross-linking mechanisms that occur during glycopeptide antibiotics biosynthesis.
A Comparative Study on the Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Poly(lactic acid)/Epoxidized Palm Oil Blend (2012)

In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) a fully biodegradable thermoplastic polymer matrix was melt blended with three different epoxidized palm oil (EPO). The aim of this research was to enhance the flexibility, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA. The blends were prepared at various EPO contents of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% and characterized. The SEM analysis evidenced successful modification on the neat PLA brittle morphology. Tensile tests indicate that the addition of 1 wt% EPO is sufficient to improve the strength and flexibility compared to neat PLA. Additionally, the flexural and impact properties were also enhanced. Further, DSC analysis showed that the addition of EPO results in a decrease in T(g), which implies an increase in the PLA chain mobility. In the presence of 1 wt% EPO, TGA results revealed significant increase in the thermal stability by 27%. Among the three EPOs used, EPO(3) showed the best mechanical and thermal properties compared to the other EPO's, with an optimum loading of 1 wt%. Conclusively, EPO showed a promising outcome to overcome the brittleness and improve the overall properties of neat PLA, thus can be considered as a potential plasticizer.
Junction and dielectrically isolated lateral ESTs for power ICs (2002)

Conventional and dual-channel dielectrically isolated (DI) and junction-isolated (JI) lateral emitter switched thyristors (LESTs) have been fabricated using the reduced surface field (RESURF) principle. The breakdown voltage for then JI LEST was found to be greater than 700 V, while that for the DI LEST was up to 500 V depending on the silicon drift layer and isolating oxide layer thickness. The DI devices exhibited marginally higher forward voltage drops compared to the corresponding JI LESTs. The switching time for the DI structures was found to be an order of magnitude faster than for the JL LESTs, which 2D device simulation shows to be due to elimination of injection of carriers into the substrate. The dual-channel LESTs has a higher forward voltage drop than the conventional structures and exhibited high-voltage current saturation behavior. Dual-channel LEST structures with different anode structure, i.e., the conventional LEST, the anode shorted LEST and the hybrid Schottky LEST, were also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data from Microtubule-Associated Protein-tau is a Bifunctional Predictor of Endocrine Sensitivity and Chemotherapy Resistance in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer is influenced by the metastatic competence of the cancer and its sensitivity to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. A molecular marker may be prognostic of outcome or predictive of response to therapy, or a combination of both.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We examined separately the prognostic and predictive values of tau mRNA expression in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive primary breast cancers in three patient cohorts. We used gene expression data from 209 untreated patients to assess the pure prognostic value of tau, data from 267 patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen to assess predictive value for endocrine therapy, and data from 82 patients treated with preoperative paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (paclitaxel/FAC) to assess predictive value for chemotherapy response. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare tau expression between different outcome groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Higher tau mRNA expression showed borderline nonsignificant association with better prognosis in the absence of systemic adjuvant therapy. Higher tau mRNA expression was significantly associated with no recurrence (at 5 and 10 years, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05, respectively) in patients treated with tamoxifen, indicating a predictive value for endocrine therapy. Tau expression was significantly lower in patients who achieved pathologic complete response to paclitaxel/FAC chemotherapy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This study suggests that high tau mRNA expression in ER-positive breast cancer indicates an endocrine-sensitive but chemotherapy-resistant disease. In contrast, low tau expression identifies a subset of ER-positive cancers that have poor prognosis with tamoxifen alone and may benefit from taxane-containing chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;