gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy for the determination of the antioxidant capacity of Primulae flos cum calycibus (2014)

In this study, near-infrared (NIR) and attenuated-total-reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy techniques in hyphenation with partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilized to determine the antioxidant capacity of Primulae flos cum calycibus samples. Folin–Ciocalteu (FC), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays were performed as reference methods. Different spectral pretreatments such as standard normal variate (SNV), 1st or 2nd derivative, were applied to remove scattering effects. For all assays, cross and test-set validations were performed. The ability of the two spectroscopic techniques to replace the five assays was evaluated and compared. The standard error of prediction (SEP) and the ratio performance deviation (RPD) were determined and corrected for the imprecision of the reference data to obtain the respective SEPcorr and RPDcorr values. In general, NIR demonstrated advantages over ATR-IR spectroscopy and resulted best for the ABTS assay (R2: 0.94, RPDcorr: 4.66; test-set validation). Also with ATR-IR spectroscopy, the best prediction power was obtained for the ABTS assay (R2: 0.94, RPDcorr: 4.10; test-set validation). The feasibility of vibrational spectroscopy as a fast and simple tool to replace wet chemistry assays for the measurement of the antioxidant capacity of Primulae flos cum calycibus samples was demonstrated.
Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry and Virtual Combinatorial Libraries (1999)

The reversible connection between sets of basic components allows the generation of a large collection of compounds constituted by all possible combinations that are potentially available. It makes virtual combinatorial libraries of substances accessible through a dynamic approach to combinatorial chemistry. The thermodynamically-driven evolution of the system leads to the actual expression of the constituent(s) that present(s) the best binding to/molecular recognition with the target site (see diagram). The general concept of this methodology has wide applications in a variety of areas of science and technology.
Impact of mainlobe interference angular extent on adaptive beamforming (2002)

Adaptive beamformer performance against mainlobe interference is shown to significantly degrade when the interference has angular extent, even 0.005 beamwidths. Such angular extent can be caused by antenna rotation, antenna platform pitch or roll, or jammer motion. The degradation is shown to be sensitive to the interference power level. The impact on detection and angle of arrival estimation is addressed. Also, an interesting phenomenon that occurs in adaptive beamforming, when using shaded steering constraints, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
State of the Art and Analysis of Control Oriented NOx Models (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Future pollutant emissions legislations are expected to be increasingly stringent. To reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions produced by Diesel engines, advanced combustion technologies - like Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) -, vehicle hybridization and NOx after-treatment systems - such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems - can be considered, leading to a growing demand for NOx models.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, we present a state-of-art of the different existing NOx models, from the black-boxes to the three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. A way to classify these models is proposed. The paper also introduces the current applications for each subgroup of models.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Then, a black-box and two grey-box NOx models are studied regarding their accuracy and their sensitivity to model inputs. These models are validated for two Diesel engines on steady-state operating points as well as on transient operations. The semi-physical models accurately predict NOx emissions. The static map shows a good match with experimental data for the operating conditions resulting from the engine calibration, but can not detect any variation in these conditions. The high sensitivity of the semi-physical models according to the intake manifold composition shows that these models can not be used directly for all the engine control applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Analysis Results of Output Power Loss Due to the Grid Voltage Rise in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems (2008)

This paper describes the connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation system's grid overvoltage protection function and summarizes the occurrence of the output power loss due to the grid voltage rise. Power injection from the PV system will raise the voltage at the power distribution line. A power conditioning subsystem (PCS) needs to regulate its output if the voltage becomes higher than the upper limit in order to avoid the overvoltage at the power grid. Thus, a PV system cannot generate electricity under the high grid voltage. There are 553 residential PV systems installed in Ota, Japan, for the demonstration research project of clustered PV systems. Measurement data of these 2.1-MW grid-connected PV systems are used for the analysis. Only the limited number of PV systems experienced a significant amount of output energy loss due to the high grid voltage in a particular day, whereas the other system's outputs also raise the grid voltage. The causes of this maldistribution of the output energy loss are the difference of the line impedance, the difference of the starting voltage of the PCS's grid overvoltage protection function, and the imbalance of the load in single-phase three-wire power distribution systems. The present control of the PCS successfully avoids the overvoltage on the grid but cannot share the loss.
Atténuation de la virulence de staphylococcus aureus en matrice fromagère (2010)

International audience
DEVELOPING AND TESTING REDOX ACTIVE ORGANIC MOLECULES FOR NONAQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERY APPLICATIONS (2020)

Non-emissive, sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power have continued to provide an increasing amount of electricity to support electrical grids. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, grid energy storage systems must adjust for variations in and mismatches between electricity production and consumption. Among the available energy storage technologies, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are expected to play a critical role in the grid energy storage due to their decoupled energy and power, long service life, and simple manufacturing. However, the worldwide market penetration of RFB systems is still limited due to technical and economic challenges. The commercially available aqueous vanadium redox flow batteries offer durable performance but suffer from low energy density and high chemical costs. A key advantage of transitioning from aqueous to nonaqueous systems is the possibility of achieving higher energy density through the wider windows of electrochemical stability associated with organic solvents. Further, nonaqueous systems would provide a greater selection of redox materials which do not fit into the aqueous systems due to lower solubility, instability or redox potentials outside the stability window of water. Despite these promises, nonaqueous flow batteries are still an immature concept and, to date, no redox chemistry has proven competitive due to a combination of low solubility and stability of redox couples and a lack of selective membranes/separators. This thesis focuses on designing and testing robust, redox active organic molecules intended for use as either positive or negative active materials in nonaqueous RFBs. The two main redox active cores evaluated in this study are phenothiazine (as a positive active material) and viologen (as a negative active material) where both served as learning platforms. The molecules were functionalized through simple and scalable molecular synthetic approaches with particular emphasis on increasing solubility, ionic conductivity, redox potential, and chemical stability. Further, change in chemical stability of variably functionalized electron donating redox active organic cores (phenothiazine, triphenylamine, carbazole, dialkoxybenzene, and cyclopropenium) with different oxidation potentials was explored to identify the correlation between chemical stability of charged forms (radical cation) and coulombic efficiency in galvanostatic cycling. The analysis of chemical and electrochemical stabilities of developed redox active materials were conducted through a variety of spectro-electro analytical technique including cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, bulk electrolysis, and flow cell cycling.
Adenovector GAD65 Gene Delivery into the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Produces Orofacial Analgesia (2009)

Transfection of glial cells in the trigeminal ganglion with the GAD gene blocks pain behavior by acting on GABAA receptors on neuronal perikarya.
Image edge detection and enhancement by an inversion operation (1998)

Edge extraction is an essential part of image processing. In digital image processing there are several optical methods for properly obtaining image edges. We propose a method of image edge extraction and enhancement by using a lens-based optical setup, the image, and its inverted form. The inverted and the noninverted images help here to obtain the image edges.
Endothelial Progenitor Populations in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells. II. Drug Selection and Functional Characterization (2009)

Despite the enormous potential of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for use in tissue engineering and cell therapies, clinical use of ESCs has been deterred by difficulties in obtaining desired cell populations without undifferentiated or other undesired cell phenotypes. Previously we demonstrated the time-dependent variation of endothelial specific promoter activities in differentiating mouse ESCs. Here, we evaluated the functional behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) selected using a drug resistance gene (Puro(R)) under the control of different EC promoters (Flk1, Tie1, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), as well as vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin). All four promoters tested yielded cells with EC-specific protein expression and acetylated low density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-Ac-LDL) uptake after puromycin treatment. However, the percentage of puromycin-surviving cells varied depending on EC promoters, indicating different levels of promoter activity. Continuous selection of ECs in puromycin reduced the presence of smooth muscle cells or undifferentiated cells. Puro-selected cells under all the EC promoters were positive for capillary-like network formation in Matrigel. Prostacyclin secretion by ESC-derived ECs showed improvement with orbital shear stress exposure corresponding to 0-16 dynes/cm(2); however, prostacyclin levels were lower than those seen in immortalized mouse EC lines. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) secretion by Puro-selected cells was comparable to that seen in cell lines, but tPA secretion after shear stress exposure showed mixed results, with tPA increasing upon shear under PECAM and Tie1 promoters and tPA decreasing upon shear under Flk1 and VE-cadherin promoters.
Macular hole following cataract extraction (2002)

Macular hole formation is a rare complication of cataract extraction. Although the exact etiology is unclear, macular holes can be classified into pre-existing holes that may not have been visible prior to cataract surgery, early stage macular holes that progressed to a more advanced stage, symptomatic holes following cataract extraction, and de novo symptomatic macular holes. Antero-posterior (A-P) tractional forces as well as macular edema are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these macular holes. In the traction hypothesis, A-P forces are thought to induce either an acute detachment of the posterior cortical gel or significant traction of the vitreous gel around the fovea, resulting in formation, or rapid progression of, macular holes. In late reopening of macular holes after cataract extraction, subclinical macular edema and epiretinal membrane formation have been suggested as possible causes. Current treatment options, including combining cataract extraction with macular hole repair, are reviewed.
Early Onset and Topographical Distribution of Hypertrophied Astrocytes in Hippocampus of Aging Rats: A Quantitative Study (1979)

Our results indicate that the density of astrocytes exhibiting hypertrophy in the hippocampus increases dramatically and progressively with age, being significantly elevated even in mid-life (13 month) animals. However, the total population of astrocytic cells (hypertrophied and nonhypertrophied) in the quantified region is not significantly elevated. Further, the relative distributions of both hypertrophied and total glial cells remained remarkably constant at the three ages measured. Reactive hypertrophy of astrocytes therefore appears to occur "in place" and migration of astrocytes does not appear to be a major factor in the hippocampus during aging. Of particular note was the finding that astrocyte hypertrophy is far more prominent in synaptic terminal fields than in myelinated fibers of the same system.
Three decades of nucleic acid aptamer technologies: Lessons learned, progress and opportunities on aptamer development (2018)

Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acid sequences capable of binding to target molecules in a way similar to antibodies. Due to various advantages such as prolonged shelf life, low batch to batch variation, low/no immunogenicity, freedom to incorporate chemical modification for enhanced stability and targeting capacity, aptamers quickly found their potential in diverse applications ranging from therapy, drug delivery, diagnosis, and functional genomics to bio-sensing. Aptamers are generated by a process called SELEX. However, the current overall success rate of SELEX is far from being satisfactory, and still presents a major obstacle for aptamer-based research and application. The need for an efficient selection strategy consisting of defined procedures to deal with a wide variety of targets is significantly important. In this work, by analyzing key aspects of SELEX including initial library design, target preparation, PCR optimization, and single strand DNA separation, we provide a comprehensive analysis of individual steps to facilitate researchers intending to develop personalized protocols to address many of the obstacles in SELEX. In addition, this review provides suggestions and opinions for future aptamer development procedures to address the concerns on key SELEX steps, and post-SELEX modifications.
Modified derivative superposition method for linearizing FET low noise amplifiers (2004)

The degrading effect of the circuit reactances on the maximum IIP/sub 3/ (third order input intercept point) in the conventional derivative superposition (DS) method is explained using Volterra series analysis. The effect on the NF of the subthreshold biasing of one of the FETs in the DS method is also explained. A modified DS method is proposed to increase the maximum IIP/sub 3/ at RF. It was used in a 0.25 /spl mu/m Si CMOS LNA designed for cellular CDMA receivers. The LNA achieved +17.2 dBm IIP/sub 3/ with 15.5 dB gain, 1.6 dB NF and 9 mA at 2.6 V power consumption.
Standardization of in vitro testing for cardiovascular implants in the era of European Medical Device Regulation (2020)

Abstract In case of cardiovascular implants classified as class III medical products there is a specific responsibility for manufacturers as well as regulatory authorities to follow international standards to guarantee for safety and efficacy. Fast developments of science and technology as well as novel clinical findings create permanent needs to match the standardization. Therefore, a set of international standards is analyzed with respect to their use for particular coronary drug-eluting stents and artificial heart valves. It was found that standards (ISO, ASTM) exist for general requirements on passive implants, but also specifically relate to arterial stents, stent grafts, bioresorbable and drug-eluting stents, as well as artificial heart valves. New work items address new methods for characterization of coating integrity, particulate matter and simulated use testing. European Medical Device Regulation (MDR) requires technical expertise and capacity at Notified Bodies supported by independent test laboratories. Generally, the interest in standardization from industry, test laboratories and authorities is high, but more input from medical experts would further improve the value of standardization and its relevance for safe and even more effective implants.
Ameloblastic carcinoma in horses: case report and literature review (2022)

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant odontogenic neoplasm that has been reported only rarely in veterinary species. A 16-y-old Arabian crossbred mare was presented for evaluation of a hard mass on the body of the mandible, with evidence of osteolysis on radiographs. Incisional biopsies revealed an invasive neoplasm comprised of spindloid epithelial cells with a high mitotic count and partial dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity. The horse was euthanized because of rapid tumor progression 3 mo after presentation. Postmortem evaluation revealed partial obliteration of the mandible by a large, firm-to-hard, tan, locally destructive and invasive mass with no gross or histologic evidence of metastasis. Postmortem histology revealed a poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm with variably prominent features suggestive of odontogenic histogenesis: a plexiform ribbon architecture, infrequent basilar palisading with antibasilar nuclei, rare basilar cytoplasmic clearing, subepithelial matrix hyalinization, and partial dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity. Features of malignancy included regions of necrosis, pronounced cellular atypia, a high mitotic count, extensive tissue invasion and local tissue destruction, and extension of neoplastic cells beyond the margins of the mandibular bone. Collectively, these features are most consistent with mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma. Including our case described here, ameloblastic carcinoma has been reported in only 5 horses. The microscopic features reported most consistently are dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity, a high mitotic count, and basilar palisading. Ameloblastic carcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for rapidly growing, locally invasive masses arising from the dentate jaw of horses.
Aging studies on flame retardant treated lignocellulosic fibers (2016)

ABSTRACT The study deals with chemical and flame retardant (FR) treatment of flax fabric. Sheets of flax fabric were subjected to chemical treatments using NaOH and silane coupling agents. A phosphate‐based flame retardant (DAP) was also applied to improve the flammability of the fabric. The effects of the chemical treatments and FR treatments on flax fabric were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vertical flame resistance test. Aging studies were carried out by exposing the samples in an environmental chamber at specified conditions for two weeks. The mechanical properties of the fabric, before and after environmental aging, were investigated. Flammability of flax fabric was improved after FR treatment. Thermal studies revealed a shift of decomposition temperature to lower temperatures and an increase in char residue after FR treatment. Despite treatment of the fabric with NaOH and silane, the tensile strength of FR‐treated flax fabric declined by more than 90% after aging for two weeks at 90 °C and 50% RH. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44175.
A Second Galacturonic Acid Transferase Is Required for Core Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Complete Capsule Association with the Cell Surface in Klebsiella pneumoniae (2006)

The core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Klebsiella pneumoniae contains two galacturonic acid (GalA) residues, but only one GalA transferase (WabG) has been identified. Data from chemical and structural analysis of LPS isolated from a wabO mutant show the absence of the inner core beta-GalA residue linked to L-glycero-D-manno-heptose III (L,D-Hep III). An in vitro assay demonstrates that the purified WabO is able to catalyze the transfer of GalA from UDP-GalA to the acceptor LPS isolated from the wabO mutant, but not to LPS isolated from waaQ mutant (deficient in l,d-Hep III). The absence of this inner core beta-GalA residue results in a decrease in virulence in a capsule-dependent experimental mouse pneumonia model. In addition, this mutation leads to a strong reduction in cell-bound capsule. Interestingly, a K66 Klebsiella strain (natural isolate) without a functional wabO gene shows reduced levels of cell-bound capsule in comparison to those of other K66 strains. Thus, the WabO enzyme plays an important role in core LPS biosynthesis and determines the level of cell-bound capsule in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Quantification of Aldehydes on Polymeric Microbead Surfaces via Catch and Release of Reporter Chromophores (2019)

Aldehyde moieties on 2D-supports or micro- and nanoparticles can function as anchor groups for the attachment of biomolecules or as reversible binding sites for proteins on cell surfaces. The use of aldehyde-based materials in bioanalytical and medical settings calls for reliable methods to detect and quantify this functionality. We report here on a versatile concept to quantify the accessible aldehyde moieties on particle surfaces through the specific binding and subsequent release of small reporter molecules such as fluorescent dyes and nonfluorescent chromophores utilizing acylhydrazone formation as a reversible covalent labeling strategy. This is representatively demonstrated for a set of polymer microparticles with different aldehyde labeling densities. Excess reporter molecules can be easily removed by washing, eliminating inaccuracies caused by unspecific adsorption to hydrophobic surfaces. Cleavage of hydrazones at acidic pH assisted by a carbonyl trap releases the fluorescent reporters rapidly and quasi-quantitatively and allows for their fluorometric detection at low concentration. Importantly, this strategy separates the signal-generating molecules from the bead surface. This circumvents common issues associated with light scattering and signal distortions that are caused by binding-induced changes in reporter fluorescence as well as quenching dye-dye interactions on crowded particle surfaces. In addition, we demonstrate that the release of a nonfluorescent chromophore via disulfide cleavage and subsequent quantification by absorption spectroscopy gives comparable results, verifying that both assays are capable of rapid and sensitive quantification of aldehydes on microbead surfaces. These strategies enable a quantitative comparison of bead batches with different functionalization densities, and a qualitative prediction of their coupling efficiencies in bioconjugations, as demonstrated in reductive amination reactions with Streptavidin.