gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phorbol ester-induced differentiation permits productive human cytomegalovirus infection in a monocytic cell line. (1988)

The susceptibility of four different human cell lines (HUT 102, THP-1, MOLT-4, and HL-60) to infection by human CMV (HCMV) was studied. Only HUT 102 was susceptible and only immediate-early gene products were produced. However, THP-1, a monocytic cell line, could be infected by HCMV with a full cycle of replication after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which produced differentiation of the cell line into cells with characteristics of mature macrophages. Late (structural) Ag were demonstrated, as were infectious virions as detected by electron microscopy and infectious center assay. HL-60, a promyelocytic cell line, was not susceptible to HCMV infection after treatment with TPA despite differentiation into adherent cells with properties of macrophages, suggesting that cellular lineage was important. Treatment with TPA after infection resulted in a greatly reduced frequency of infected cells, suggesting that pretreatment was essential. Furthermore, continued presence of TPA was unnecessary after differentiation was induced. This study establishes the precedent of productive HCMV infection in human monocytic cells. The potential mechanism and relevance of enhanced replication induced by TPA are discussed.
Control of Magnetic Properties through External Stimuli (2007)

The magnetic properties of many magnetic materials can be controlled by external stimuli. The principal focus here is on the thermal, photochemical, electrochemical, and chemical control of phase transitions that involve changes in magnetization. The molecular compounds described herein range from metal complexes, through pure organic compounds to composite materials. Most of the Review is devoted to the properties of valence-tautomeric compounds, molecular magnets, and spin-crossover complexes, which could find future application in memory devices or optical switches.
Cooperative communication in wireless networks (2004)

Transmit diversity generally requires more than one antenna at the transmitter. However, many wireless devices are limited by size or hardware complexity to one antenna. Recently, a new class of methods called cooperative communication has been proposed that enables single-antenna mobiles in a multi-user environment to share their antennas and generate a virtual multiple-antenna transmitter that allows them to achieve transmit diversity. This article presents an overview of the developments in this burgeoning field.
(Fe–Co)–(Mg-fluoride) insulating nanogranular system with enhanced tunnel-type giant magnetoresistance (2001)

Insulating nanogranular-type tunnel magnetoresistive thin films made of (Fe or Fe–Co)–(Mg-fluoride) have been investigated. The films were prepared by a tandem deposition method, using Fe, Co, or Fe+Co metal and MgF2 insulator targets. The granular structure was found to consist of Fe or Fe–Co based nanogranules surrounded by thin intergranules of Mg based fluoride with the MgF2 crystal structure. A magnetoresistance value of 13.3% at room temperature and 10 kOe, the largest values ever reported, were obtained at the compositions of 32 vol %(Fe0.51Co0.49)–(Mg–F). To increase the magnetic field sensitivity of the magnetoresistance, a granular-in-gap film consisting of an (Fe–Co)–(Mg–F) granular thin film filling a narrow gap in a soft magnetic Permalloy thin film was prepared. A remarkably high magnetoresistance of 4% or more at 1–2 Oe was obtained.
Novel Approach to Hydrogen Production with Suppressed COx Generation from a Model Biomass Feedstock (2012)

The alkaline thermal treatment of biomass has recently been proposed as a novel method for producing high purity H2 with suppressed COx formation under moderate reaction conditions (i.e., 523 K and ambient pressure). This technology has a great potential for sustainable bioenergy production because it can handle a wide range of feedstocks including biomass and biogenic wastes with high water content. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of the reactions involved, the alkaline thermal treatment of biomass is still poorly understood. In this study, using a model biomass system of glucose, a series of noncatalytic kinetic and mechanistic studies was performed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature and reactant ratios in terms of H2 conversion, purity, and formation rates of H2 as well as gaseous products such as CH4, CO, and CO2. The CO concentration is one of the important factors for the utilization of the product gas because CO is generally poisonous to catalytic systems such as those found in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Thus, high CO concentration would require additional gas cleanup processes. This study found that NaOH does play an important role in suppressing CO and CO2 formation while facilitating H2 production and promoting CH4 formation. The noncatalytic alkaline thermal treatment of glucose resulted in a maximum H2 conversion of about 27% at 523 K with a stoichiometric mixture of NaOH and glucose. While the H2 conversion was limited in the absence of catalyst, the moderate reaction conditions, low COx concentration, and solid–solid reaction scheme give advantages over conventional biomass conversion technologies. The solids analysis confirmed the presence of Na2CO3 in the solid product, indicating the inherent carbon management potential of the alkaline thermal treatment process.
Astrovirus-induced “white chicks” condition – field observation, virus detection and preliminary characterization (2015)

Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently indicated as the factor of the "white chicks" condition associated not only with increased embryo/chick mortality but also with weakness and white plumage of hatched chicks. In February 2014, organ samples (livers and kidneys) from dead-in-shell embryos, as well as 1-day-old whitish and normal chicks, were delivered from one hatchery in Poland for disease diagnosis. The samples originated from the same 30-week-old breeder flock in which the only observed abnormal signs were 4-5% decrease in the number of hatched chickens and the presence (about 1%) of weaker chicks with characteristic whitish plumage among normal ones. CAstV was detected in submitted samples and was then isolated in 10-day-old embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. We also reproduced an infection model for the "white chicks" condition in SPF layer chickens using the isolated PL/G059/2014 strain as the infectious agent. Results of experimental reproduction of the "white chicks" condition were somewhat more serious than field observation. The administration of the CAstV material into the yolk sac of 8-day-old SPF chicken eggs caused delay and prolongation of hatching, as well as death of embryos/chicks, and also a change of plumage pigmentation. Only two chicks of a total of 10 inoculated SPF eggs survived and were observed for 2 months. A gradual elimination of the CAstV genome was noted in this period. Moreover, a few contact-naive SPF chicks, which had been placed in the same cage, were infected with CAstV. Molecular characterization of detected CAstV was performed by nucleotide sequencing of the full ORF2 region encoding the capsid precursor protein gene. Phylogenetic studies showed that the PL/G059/2014 isolate clustered in the subgroup Aiii of CAstV. In the light of the new classification rules, the Polish PL/G059/2014 CAstV isolate could be assigned to a new species of the Avastrovirus genus.
Development of a Numerical Tool for Hall Thruster Plume and Spacecraft Interaction Analysis (2018)

A three-dimensional electrostatic numerical tool has been developed to analyze spacecraft and Hall thruster plume interactions to evaluate spacecraft reliability under operation of the thruster in its designing phase. In the tool, Particle-In-Cell method is adopted to solve trajectories of beam and charge exchange ions under electrostatic field self-consistently. Particle tracking method is also adopted to compute the direct interactions such as the impingements of the plume ions onto the surface of a spacecraft to reduce numerical cost. In this paper, as a first step of the development, specifications of the code are described, and the fundamental functions such as determination of the distribution of the plume, production of charge-exchange ions, and electrostatic potential are introduced. Application analysis of the tool for an actual large-scale satellite, the estimation of the generating torque toward the center of mass of the spacecraft by the impingement of the plume ions, is also shown.
Fully printed and flexible piezoelectric based touch sensitive skin (2015)

A fully printed piezoelectric based touch sensitive skin has been successfully fabricated using screen printing technique. The device, consisting of a 4×4 array of printed sensors and interconnect lines, was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, using silver (Ag) ink. Screen printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), as a piezoelectric layer, was sandwiched between the printed Ag top and bottom electrode metallization layers. The effective polarization of the printed piezoelectric PVDF layer was verified using capacitance-voltage analysis. Piezoelectric-voltage analysis demonstrated the capability of the device to generate voltage peaks as high as 10 V as well as the ability to turn on location based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The response of the touch sensitive skin is analyzed and presented in this paper.
Selected Phlebology Abstracts (2011)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published online October 7, 2011Selected Phlebology AbstractsLowell S Kabnick, MD and Peter J Pappas, MDView all authors and affiliationsVolume 26, Issue 7https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011a07
Introduction of the weight edition errors in the Levenshtein distance (2012)

In this paper, we present a new approach dedicated to correcting the spelling errors of the Arabic language. This approach corrects typographical errors like inserting, deleting, and permutation. Our method is inspired from the Levenshtein algorithm, and allows a finer and better scheduling than Levenshtein. The results obtained are very satisfactory and encouraging, which shows the interest of our new approach.
Sarah’s Choice (2013)

The utility of screening mammograms is debated amidst reviews of lead-time bias and high false positive rates. Medical communities are highly invested with equipment and labor to fulfill screening mandates. It is an emotive topic, as 1 in 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Survival rates are rising but still death from breast cancer is tragic and painful. It is against this backdrop the author assists Sarah (pseudo-name), who is a 39 year old woman make a choice about mammogram screening.
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of r-Verapamil in Non-Constipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2007)

Purpose: IBS is a common and clinically challenging gastrointestinal disorder for which few therapies of proven value are available for clinical use. Since the r-enantiomer of verapamil (r-verapamil) has been found to have a unique combination of activity not involving 5HT3 or 5HT4 and has been shown to have highly selective activity on the gastrointestinal tract compared to the cardiovascular system, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of r-verapamil in the treatment of IBS. Methods: 129 male or female patients who fulfilled Rome II criteria for non-constipation predominant IBS were randomised to placebo (N = 64) or to r-verapamil (N = 65). R-verapamil was administered in an ascending dose schedule from 20, 40, to 80 mg t.i.d. across all r-verapamil treated patients. Dose escalation occurred at 4-week intervals; the entire treatment period was 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variables were the responder rates for patient global impression and relief of abdominal pain/discomfort which in turn were defined as feeling better on at least 50% of the entire 42 study days. The pre-defined statistical analysis was a one-sided analysis based on the hypothesis that r-verapamil is better than placebo. Results: 14 patients discontinued prematurely, 6 in the r-verapamil and 8 in the placebo group. Analysis of the intention-to-treat (ITT) population for the primary efficacy variables revealed significantly higher responder rates for r-verapamil for both the patient global impression (56.9% vs 37.5%, one-sided P= 0.0057) and abdominal pain/discomfort (56.9% vs 43.8%, one-sided P= 0.05). Significant benefits for r-verapamil were also evident for several secondary endpoints: composite GI symptom scale, bloating, stool frequency, urgency, Bristol stool scale and quality of life, as measured by the IBS-QOL. Adverse events were experienced by 17 patients in the r-verapamil and 8 in the placebo group. No severe AEs were recorded with the AE profile being very similar to the reported AE profile for racemic verapamil. Only 4 patients reduced their dose because of an AE. Conclusion: R-verapamil appears to be effective and well tolerated in the management of patients with non-constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome given the significant response seen in the two primary and numerous secondary endpoints.
HYPERPOLARIZATION AND RELAXATION MEDIATED BY ENDOTHELIUM-DERIVED FACTORS AND ABNORMALITIES IN HYPERTENSIVE ANIMALS (1997)

The membrane hyperpolarization produced by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is one of the components in the endothelium-dependent relaxations. Different subtype of endothelium receptor is involved in the release of EDHF from that for nitric oxide. Although EDHF has not been identified, it may be related to cytochrome P450. The responses mediated by EDHF have been studied by observation of membrane potential or relaxation which is resistant to inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. The responses are dependent on potassium gradient across cell membrane, therefore, the response is mediated by potassium channels. The EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization or relaxation is sensitive to charybdotoxin plus apamin, inhibitors of calcium activated potassium channels. The EDHF-mediated response is more remarkable in small resistant arteries than large arteries, therefore, EDHF may play an important role in the regulation of vascular resistance. The EDHF-mediated response is decreased in hypertensive or aged animals. Understanding of EDHF-mediated response will promote development of a new strategy for the treatment of pathophysiological conditions.
Enhancement of Mucus Production in Eukaryotic Cells and Quantification of Adherent Mucus by ELISA (2018)

The mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts, and the surface of the eye harbor a resident microflora that lives in symbiosis with their host and forms a complex ecosystem. The protection of the vulnerable epithelium is primarily achieved by mucins that form a gel-like structure adherent to the apical cell surface. This mucus layer constitutes a physical and chemical barrier between the microbial flora and the underlying epithelium. Mucus is critical to the maintenance of a homeostatic relationship between the microbiota and its host. Subtle deviations from this dynamic interaction may result in major implications for health. The protocol in this article describes the procedures to grow low mucus-producing HT29 and high mucus-producing HT29-MTX-E12 cells, maintain cells and use them for mucus quantification by ELISA. Additionally, it is described how to assess the amount of secreted adherent mucus. This system can be used to study the protective effect of mucus, <i>e.g.</i>, against bacterial toxins, to test the effect of different culture conditions on mucus production or to analyze diffusion of molecules through the mucus layer. Since the ELISA used in this protocol is available for different species and mucus proteins, also other cell types can be used.
Local and global synchronization criteria for a generalized complex dynamical network model (2011)

This paper investigates the local and global synchronization of a generalized complex dynamical network model with constant and delayed coupling. The uncoupled dynamical behavior at each node is general, and can be chaotic or otherwise. By constructing a new class of Lyapunov functionals combined with free-weighting matrices, a less conservative criterion ensuring delay-dependent synchronization is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). Furthermore, the sufficient condition for the global synchronization of the generalized network is obtained. A prototype composed of the chaotic Duffing oscillators is discussed to illustrate the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.
Lepton-Flavor-Dependent Angular Analysis of $B\to K^\ast \ell^+\ell^-$ (2016)

We present a measurement of angular observables and a test of lepton flavor universality in the $B\to K^\ast \ell^+\ell^-$ decay, where $\ell$ is either $e$ or $\mu$. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $711~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ containing $772\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar B$ pairs, collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider KEKB. The result is consistent with Standard Model (SM) expectations, where the largest discrepancy from a SM prediction is observed in the muon modes with a local significance of $2.6\sigma$.
Application of Decline Curve Analysis in Gas Reservoirs Using a Newly Developed Fitting Equation (2002)

Abstract Decline curve analysis for a gas field is generally difficult with the conventional type curve matching, especially in the early time period. For this reason a newly developed fitting equation is proposed as an alternative for gas field production data analysis. This equation combines both depletion and transient periods. The equation offers the following advantages: Fitting with the new equation is more precise than the conventional type curve matching to obtain decline constant, D, and decline exponent, β, and matching point.The real production data can be fitted directly by the equation without using smoothing techniques.The radial and pseudo-steady-state regions are determined directly from the fitting.For new-developed reservoirs, production data, which may be insufficient with the conventional type curve matching, can be interpreted with the new fitting equation. In this paper, a case study is presented to illustrate the application of the new equation for decline curve analysis in a gas reservoir.
Analytical model of a five degree of freedom magnetic suspension and positioning system (1989)

An analytical model of a five degree of freedom magnetic suspension and positioning system is presented. The suspended element is a cylinder which is composed of permanent magnet material and the magnetic actuators are air core electromagnets mounted in a planar array. The analytical model consists of an open loop representation of the suspension and positioning system with electromagnet currents as inputs and displacements and rates in inertial coordinates as outputs. The uncontrolled degree of freedom is rotation about the long axis of the suspended cylinder.
Virulence and Toxigenicity of Capsular Serogroup D Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Avian Hosts (1990)

Five capsular serogroup D strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from avian hosts were examined for virulence and toxigenicity. Virulence was based on development of lethal infections or lesions following intramuscular exposure of turkey poults. The four strains isolated from turkeys varied from slightly to moderately virulent; the strain isolated from a chicken was avirulent. Poults exposed by intra-airsac inoculation with relatively few organisms of the more virulent of the strains had a high mortality rate; however, intranasal exposure of poults with this strain did not cause clinical disease or establish infections. All strains from turkeys were toxigenic, producing heat-labile toxins that killed poults when administered intraperitoneally and caused focal dermal lesions when administered intradermally. Using these criteria, the strain from a chicken was not toxigenic. The demonstration of virulence, particularly the high mortality in poults exposed via air sacs, indicates avian capsular serogroup D strains are a potential cause of fowl cholera.
Glycogenolytic action of mercaptoethylamine (1959)

The observation of Bacq, Herve and Fischer ( Bull. acad. roy. méd. Belg. 18: 226, 1953), that mercaptoethylamine induces depletion of liver glycogen in rats and mice, has been confirmed. The disulfide form of the drug (cystamine) is more consistent in its action than the sulfhydryl form (cysteamine). Parenteral doses of 150 mg/kg induce 70– 90% depletion of liver glycogen of fed rats in 2–3 hours. Intragastric administration is also effective, but higher doses are required. The compound is effective in adrenodemedullated and in depancreatized rats, and may, therefore, act directly on the liver. Reduction of muscle glycogen was observed in normal and depancreatized, but not in adrenodemedullated, rats. In adrenodemedullated rats, but not in normal or depancreatized rats, mercaptoethylamine induced distinct declines in blood glucose, in spite of hepatic glycogenolysis. These findings suggest that this agent stimulates the secretion of epinephrine and of insulin.
ATP‐dependent reversible association of proteasomes with multiple protein components to form 26S complexes that degrade ubiquitinated proteins in human HL‐60 cells (1991)

The role of proteasomes in ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent protein degradation was studied by analyzing lysates of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. High succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide hydrolyzing activity was found in the 26S fraction, whereas the 20S fraction containing proteaomes had no activity. Addition of 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate to the latter fraction, however, induced marked activity. The 26S, but not the 20S fraction catalyzed ATP-dependent degradation of [125I]lysozyme-Ub conjugate. Depletion from the lysate of ATP caused complete shift of the active 26S complex to the latent 20S form, whereas in the lysate prepared from ATP-depleted cells, ATP converted 20S proteasomes to 26S complexes. The immunoprecipitated 26S complexes were found to consist of proteasomes and 13-15 other proteins ranging in size from 35 to 110 kDa. We conclude that in the lysate, latent proteasomes undergo reversible, ATP-dependent association with multiple protein components to form 26S complexes that catalyze ATP-dependent degradation of Ub-protein conjugates.
Limitation to WDM transmission distance due to cross-phase modulation induced spectral broadening in dispersion compensated standard fiber systems (1999)

We describe large spectral broadening due to the interaction of cross-phase modulation/self-phase modulation and fiber dispersion, and explain its contribution to the penalties in standard fiber systems pre- and postcompensated by dispersion compensating fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first measurement of this effect in a dense WDM transmission system at 10 Gb/s with this dispersion management scheme and good agreement is reported with the numerical modeling results.