gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Dion–Jacobson 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites (2018)

The three-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have shown huge potential for use in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Although these materials are under intense investigation, derivative materials with lower dimensionality are emerging, offering higher tunability of physical properties and new capabilities. Here, we present two new series of hybrid two-dimensional (2D) perovskites that adopt the Dion-Jacobson (DJ) structure type, which are the first complete homologous series reported in halide perovskite chemistry. Lead iodide DJ perovskites adopt a general formula A'A <sub>n-1</sub>Pb <sub>n</sub>I<sub>3 n+1</sub> (A' = 3-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP) or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (4AMP), A = methylammonium (MA)). These materials have layered structures where the stacking of inorganic layers is unique as they lay exactly on top of another. With a slightly different position of the functional group in the templating cation 3AMP and 4AMP, the as-formed DJ perovskites show different optical properties, with the 3AMP series having smaller band gaps than the 4AMP series. Analysis on the crystal structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the origin of the systematic band gap shift is the strong but indirect influence of the organic cation on the inorganic framework. Fabrication of photovoltaic devices utilizing these materials as light absorbers reveals that (3AMP)(MA)<sub>3</sub>Pb<sub>4</sub>I<sub>13</sub> has the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.32%, which is much higher than that of the corresponding (4AMP)(MA)<sub>3</sub>Pb<sub>4</sub>I<sub>13</sub>.
FORSAKES: A Forward-Secure Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol Based on Symmetric Key-Evolving Schemes. (2014)

This paper suggests a model and a definition for forward-secure authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols, which can be satisfied without depending on the Diffie-Hellman assumption. The basic idea is to use key-evolving schemes (KES), where the long-term keys of the system get updated regularly and irreversibly. Protocols conforming to our model can be highly efficient, since they do not require the resource-intensive modular exponentiations of the Diffie-Hellman protocol. We also introduce a protocol, called FORSAKES, and prove rigorously that it is a forward-secure AKE protocol in our model. FORSAKES is a very efficient protocol, and can be implemented by merely using hash functions.
Bisphosphonates - Mechanisms of Action in Multiple Myeloma (2000)

Bisphosphonates are a class of anti-resorptive drugs, which are effective in the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone disease, including the osteolytic bone disease. which is a major clinical feature of patients with multiple myeloma. Recently, increases in survival following treatment with pamidronate have been observed in some patients with multiple myeloma, raising the possibility that bisphosphonates may also have an anti-tumour effect. We have demonstrated that bisphosphonates can have an anti-tumour effect in human myeloma cell in vitro, and that these anti-tumour effects induced by potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are a result of inhibition of enzymes of the mevalonate pathway. However, we and others have been unable to demonstrate an anti-tumour effect of the potent bisphosphonate ibandronate in vivo, using murine models of multiple myeloma. It is therefore likely that only by studying patients receiving bisphosphonates will we be able to determine whether these compounds have a clinically important anti-tumour effect.
The Primary Role of Apurinic Sites in Tumor Initiation (1996)

Abstract The profiles of DNA adducts determined for benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) reveal that a majority of adducts are released from DNA by depurination. Papillomas were induced in mouse skin by several PAH, and mutations in the c-Harvey-ras oncogene were determined to investigate the relationship between DNA adducts and ras oncogene mutations. The pattern of mutations induced by each PAH correlated with the profile of depurinating adducts. DB[a,l]P and DMBA formed predominantly depurinating adenine adducts (78% and 79%, respectively) and consistently induced a CAA → CTA transversion in codon 61 of ras. In contrast, BP produced both guanine (46%) and adenine (25%) depurinating adducts and induced a GGC → GTC mutation in codon 13 of c-H-ras in 54% of tumors and a CAA → CTA mutation in codon 61 in 15% of tumors. These results support the hypothesis that mis-replication of unrepaired apurinic sites generated by loss of PAH-DNA adducts is responsible for transforming mutations leading to papillomas in mouse skin. Key Words: PAHDNA adductsoncogenesmouse skin papillomas ras mutations
Diabetic Cystopathy Correlates With a Long-Term Decrease in Nerve Growth Factor Levels in The Bladder and Lumbosacral Dorsal Root Ganglia (2002)

PURPOSE It has been proposed that a deficiency in the axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) may have an important role in inducing diabetic neuropathy, which contributes to diabetic cystopathy. Therefore, in streptozotocin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) induced diabetic rats we investigated the relationship of bladder function with NGF levels in the bladder and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia, which contain afferent neurons innervating the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS At 6 and 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (65 mg./kg. intraperitoneally) the effects of diabetes on Adelta afferent fiber dependent, conscious voiding were evaluated by metabolic cage measurements and awake cystometry. The effects of diabetes on C-fiber mediated bladder nociceptive responses were also investigated by cystometry with intravesical instillation of 0.25% acetic acid in the rats under urethane anesthesia. NGF levels in the bladder and L6 to S1 dorsal root ganglia were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after streptozotocin injection. RESULTS In diabetic rats NGF levels in the bladder and L6 to S1 dorsal root ganglia were significantly decreased 12 weeks after streptozotocin injection (p <0.01). In cystometry and metabolic cage studies bladder capacity and post-void residual volume were significantly increased 12 weeks after streptozotocin injection (p <0.01). Bladder nociceptive responses revealed by a reduction in inter-contraction intervals after acetic acid infusion were significantly decreased in a time dependent manner 12 weeks after streptozotocin injection.CONCLUSIONS Rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus showed a significant time dependent decrease in NGF levels in the bladder and L6 to S1 dorsal root ganglia that was associated with voiding dysfunction attributable to defects in Adelta and C-fiber bladder afferents. Therefore, reduced production of NGF in the bladder and/or impaired transport of NGF to L6 to S1 dorsal root ganglia, which contain bladder afferent neurons, may be an important mechanism inducing diabetic cystopathy.
FABC: Retinal Vessel Segmentation Using AdaBoost (2010)

This paper presents a method for automated vessel segmentation in retinal images. For each pixel in the field of view of the image, a 41-D feature vector is constructed, encoding information on the local intensity structure, spatial properties, and geometry at multiple scales. An AdaBoost classifier is trained on 789 914 gold standard examples of vessel and nonvessel pixels, then used for classifying previously unseen images. The algorithm was tested on the public digital retinal images for vessel extraction (DRIVE) set, frequently used in the literature and consisting of 40 manually labeled images with gold standard. Results were compared experimentally with those of eight algorithms as well as the additional manual segmentation provided by DRIVE. Training was conducted confined to the dedicated training set from the DRIVE database, and feature-based AdaBoost classifier (FABC) was tested on the 20 images from the test set. FABC achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.9561, in line with state-of-the-art approaches, but outperforming their accuracy ( 0.9597 versus 0.9473 for the nearest performer).
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the species-specific detection of Eimeria that infect chickens (2011)

Development of a panel of sensitive species-specific LAMP assays introduces a valuable new cost-effective tool for use in poultry husbandry.
PsyGrid: Applying e-Science to Epidemiology (2006)

The process of hypothesis-driven epidemiological research has three phases - the establishment and characterisation of a large, representative cohort from a geographically distributed population; the integration of the cohort data with other data sources to provide additional characterisation; the formulation of a hypothesis and generation of the corresponding predictions. Grid-computing technologies make possible secure, distributed collaboration, and the ability to share data sources, computational resources and storage resources across administrative boundaries. PsyGrid is an e-Science project established to apply grid-computing technologies to each of the three phases, with the aim of eliminating the obstacles that hinder epidemiological research. We describe a system for distributed cohort characterisation, and the first application to the study of First Episode Psychosis.
Data from Androgen and Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer Coregulate Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 2B15 and 2B17 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Glucuronidation is an enzymatic process that terminally inactivates steroid hormones, including estrogens and androgens, thereby influencing carcinogenesis in hormone-dependent cancers. While estrogens drive breast carcinogenesis via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgens play a critical role as prohormones for estrogen biosynthesis and ligands for the androgen receptor (AR). In this study, the expression and regulation of two androgen-inactivating enzymes, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, was assessed in breast cancer. In large clinical cohorts, high &lt;i&gt;UGT2B15&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;UGT2B17&lt;/i&gt; levels positively influenced disease-specific survival in distinct molecular subgroups. Expression of these genes was highest in cases positive for ERα. In cell line models, ERα, AR, and the transcription factor FOXA1 cooperated to increase transcription via tandem binding events at their proximal promoters. ERα activity was dependent on FOXA1, facilitated by AR activation, and potently stimulated by estradiol as well as estrogenic metabolites of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. AR activity was mediated via binding to an estrogen receptor half-site 3′ to the FOXA1 and ERα-binding sites. Although AR and FOXA1 bound the UGT promoters in AR-positive/ERα-negative breast cancer cell lines, androgen treatment did not influence basal transcription levels. &lt;i&gt;Ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; culture of human breast tissue and ERα&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumors provided evidence for upregulation of &lt;i&gt;UGT2B15&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;UGT2B17&lt;/i&gt; by estrogen or androgen treatment. ERα binding was evident at the promoters of these genes in a small cohort of primary tumors and distant metastases. Collectively, these data provide insight into sex steroid receptor-mediated regulation of androgen-inactivating enzymes in ERα&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer, which may have subtype-specific consequences for disease progression and outcomes. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(19); 5881–93. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Self-Assembly of Broadband White-Light Emitters (2014)

We use organic cations to template the solution-state assembly of corrugated lead halide layers in bulk crystalline materials. These layered hybrids emit radiation across the entire visible spectrum upon ultraviolet excitation. They are promising as single-source white-light phosphors for use with ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in solid-state lighting devices. The broadband emission provides high color rendition and the chromaticity coordinates of the emission can be tuned through halide substitution. We have isolated materials that emit the "warm" white light sought for many indoor lighting applications as well as "cold" white light that approximates the visible region of the solar spectrum. Material syntheses are inexpensive and scalable and binding agents are not required for film deposition, eliminating problems of binder photodegradation. These well-defined and tunable structures provide a flexible platform for studying the rare phenomenon of intrinsic broadband emission from bulk materials.
Lutte contre le Charbon des inflorescences. Du traitement de la semence à la protection de la plante: analyse des mécanismes. (1998)

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Bicuculline enhances a negative component and diminishes a positive component of the visual evoked cortical potential in the cat. (1980)

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs), elicited by modulation of luminance of homogeneous fields of light, were recorded from the scalp and from the surface of the visual cortex of cats before and after topical application of bicuculline to the cortex. The application of this drug drastically altered the VEP: the amplitude of a normally small negative component was increased greatly, and a normally prominent late positive component was diminished. Bicuculline is known to block the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is thought to be the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the visual cortex. We suggest, therefore, that the affected negative wave reflects an excitatory process in the visual cortex and that the affected late positive wave reflects an intracortical inhibitory process.
Strategy for Rapid Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Gram-Negative Bacteria Directly Recovered from Positive Blood Cultures Using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper and the BD Phoenix System (2012)

Decreasing the time to species identification and antibiotic susceptibility determination of strains recovered from patients with bacteremia significantly decreases morbidity and mortality. Herein, we validated a method to identify Gram-negative bacteria directly from positive blood culture medium using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper and to rapidly perform susceptibility testing using the BD Phoenix.
Effect of tannins from faba beans on protein utilisation in rats (1992)

Abstract Experimental diets with various levels (0, 8.5, 17.0 and 25.5 g kg −1 diet) of a freeze‐dried tannin extract obtained from faba bean seeds were evaluated in a bioassay with rats. Faecal nitrogen excretion increased and true nitrogen digestibility decreased significantly ( P &lt; 0.01) with the inclusion of tannins in the diet. In contrast, the biological value of nitrogen was apparently unaffected.
Isolation of a collagenase inhibitory substance from soybeans which is specifically active on the enzyme from Bacteroides gingivalis and its effect on the cell culture of human gingival fibroblast. (1989)

In a previous paper we showed that Bacteroides gingivalis produces SH-dependent collagenolytic enzyme and that the activity is inhibited by the extract of soybean meal. The purpose of this study is to describe the isolation, partial purification, and characterization of this inhibitory substance.Dried soybeans were pulverized in a coffee mill to pass a 60 mesh sieve and suspended at a 2% concentration in 10mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.1M NaCl. The suspension was centrifuged at 10, 000×g and the supernatant was used as crude soybean extract. The inhibitory substance in the crude extract was further purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B, and the active fraction for the inhibition of the collagenolytic enzyme from B. gingivalis was collected, concentrated, and named soybean collagenase inhibitor (SCI). The crude extract contained soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), and inhibited the trypsin and collagenolytic enzyme of B. gingivalis, but no inhibition was observed for Clostridium histolyticum enzyme and the protease of B. gingivalis. However, the SCI was successfully separated from STI by these purification procedures. The molecular weight of SCI estimated by gel filtration was approximately 700K dalton. STI was inactivated by heat treatment in an autoclave for 20min at 15lbs/in2, but SCI was stable for the same treatment. This substance was very effective in protecting human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) from cytopathogenicity of the collagenolytic enzyme of B. gingivalis. These results suggest that this collagenase inhitor maintains normal turnover of gingival cells and prevents the developement of periodontal disease.
Automotive engine diagnosis and control via nonlinear estimation (1998)

The aim of this article is to explore a possible approach to the problem of designing control and diagnostic strategies for future generations of automotive engines. The work described focuses on the use of physical models to estimate unmeasured or unmeasurable variables and parameters, to be used for control and diagnostic purposes. We introduce the mean value engine model used, present a conceptual strategy for combined control and diagnosis focusing mainly on the problem of air fuel ratio control, review basic concepts related to estimation in nonlinear systems, and propose various forms of the estimators that serve different objectives. We illustrate estimation problems in the context of a simplified engine model, assuming both linear and nonlinear measurement of oxygen concentration in the exhaust. Some simulation and experimental results related to estimation-based control and diagnosis are shown.
Intraoperative Monitoring of Spinal Cord SEPs during Microsurgical DREZotomy (MDT) for Pain, Spasticity and Hyperactive Bladder (1994)

Since 1972, MDT has been performed in 234 patients with chronic pain, 140 with hyperspasticity and 12 with hyperactive neurogenic bladder. In the last 64 patients, the evoked electrospinogram has been recorded intraoperatively from the surface of the spinal cord, to monitor the electrophysiological effects produced by the surgical lesioning, not only on the conduction of lemniscal fibers when entering the dorsal column, but also on the postsynaptic responses of the dorsal horn cells. The decrease in amplitude of the latter responses (N13 or N22) was well correlated with (1) the depth and the width of the DREZ lesion, and (2) the number of spinal segments operated on. In most cases, amplitude was reduced in the order of 2/3, which was considered the best value.
Keyword spotting based on mixed grammar model (2002)

We present a novel keyword spotting method based on the mixed grammar model. By merging the filler model and the finite state grammar, two conventional technologies of keyword spotting, the mixed grammar model incorporates both a priori knowledge and the capability of covering all possible sentential forms in real speech, thus makes up for the weaknesses of both parental technologies. Experimental results show that the mixed grammar model excels the filler model in overall performance and the finite state grammar in robustness. The expansibility of the mixed grammar model is shown in its capacity of easy incorporation of further improvement of both the filler model and finite state grammar.
Precursor-Dependent Blue-Green Photoluminescence Emission of ZnO Nanoparticles (2011)

We report on properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via non-aqueous sol–gel routes. The role of the hydrates in the zinc precursor (Zn(acac)2, xH2O) on the structure and surface termination during the synthesis is studied for the first time. The structural and chemical properties of the ZnO nanoparticles were studied by standard structural and optical characterization methods. A broad luminescence was observed from the nanoparticles stretching throughout the visible region of the spectrum and comprising characteristic blue and green emission bands commonly associated with intrinsic defects in ZnO. A tentative model is proposed to explain differences in the luminescence of nanoparticles synthesized using different routes by taking into account the role of oxygen vacancies and other native defects: most likely being zinc vacancies and interstitials, located near the surface of the nanoparticles.
Prognostic importance of mutations in the ras proto-oncogenes in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (1994)

Abstract Mutations of the N- and K-ras genes are the most frequent genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their detection in preleukemic conditions such as the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) suggests a role in the earliest phases of leukemogenesis. Despite these observations, little is known about the clinical importance of ras mutations in AML. We studied the clinical impact of ras mutations in 99 patients with de novo AML. All patients were treated in two prospective multicenter trials. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify areas surrounding the codons 12, 13, and 61 of the three ras genes N-, K-, and H-ras from DNA from bone marrow cells, ras mutations were detected by an algorithm based on allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Eighteen of 99 (18%) patients harbored mutations in either N- or K-ras. All of the observed mutations occurred in N-ras (N = 10) and K-ras (N = 5) or concurrently in both N- and K-ras (N = 3). There were no significant differences between ras-negative and ras- positive patients according to age, sex, blood counts, cytogenetic abnormalities, or French-American-British classification. However, univariate analysis suggested a longer survival in ras-positive patients (P = .11). When adjusted for age, which was the most important factor affecting outcome, the presence of a ras mutation emerged as a significant predictor for improved survival (P = .03) and along with lower bone marrow blast counts (P = .02) and better cytogenetic category (P = .01). However, the presence of an aberrant ras allele was strongly correlated with lower bone marrow blast counts (P = .007). Thus, whether a mutation in the N-ras or K-ras proto-oncogenes directly affects treatment outcome or indirectly through an association with lower leukemic burden remains to be determined. Nevertheless, these findings counter the prevailing bias that oncogene mutations lead to more aggressive behavior in human malignancies.
Transcellular Signaling and Pharmacological Modulation of Thrombin-Induced Production of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1998)

Thrombin formation is increased at the sites of vascular injury. Previous studies by our group and other groups indicated that the generation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major physiological inhibitor for plasminogen activators, from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is elicited by thrombin. The present study demonstrates that the thrombin receptor, pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C may be involved in thrombin-induced PAI-1 production in cultured baboon aortic SMC. Forskolin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP inhibited thrombin-induced PAI-1 production in cultured SMC. Treatment with hirulog-1, a synthetic thrombin receptor inhibitor, suppressed thrombin-induced PAI-1 generation at mRNA and protein levels in SMC. The results of the present study suggest that transmembrane receptor and multiple signal transduction systems are involved in thrombin-induced increase in PAI-1 transcription in vascular SMC. The production of PAI-1 stimulated by thrombin in vascular SMC may be pharmacologically modulated by thrombin receptor inhibitor.