gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ArgMax and ArgMin: transitional probabilistic models in cognitive radio mesh networks (2013)

Abstract The erratic nature of spectrum availability and diversity imposes the use of a probabilistic framework for channel selection in cognitive radio networks protocol design. In this work, two probability distributions called ArgMax and ArgMin are proposed, which have broad applications in channel selection mechanisms, routing, and media access control protocols. The ArgMax probability distribution locates the maximum random variable among a set of random variables, while the ArgMin locates the minimum random variable. We show that the ArgMax probability distribution is a better candidate than the frequently used odds‐on‐mean probability distribution through theoretical analysis and simulation. The ArgMin probability distribution has a variety of applications and is shown to be useful in achieving a lower bound on the network's minimum spectral capacity. In simulation, we develop a probabilistic selection routing procedure (PSRP) that adopts the ArgMax probability distribution to guide packets throughout the network. The stochastic framework of probabilistic selection routing procedure is also an appropriate skeleton for building stochastic‐based routing protocols for dynamic networks such as cognitive radio networks. The simulation results suggest that ArgMax enables the routing scheme to adapt to the network dynamic more quickly and to more accurately locate the best candidate to route to than the odds‐on‐mean probability distribution. The ArgMax enhances the network throughput and end‐to‐end delay by over 30% when network load increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
One-dimensional rainbow technique using Fourier domain filtering (2015)

Rainbow refractometry can measure the refractive index and the size of a droplet simultaneously. The refractive index measurement is extracted from the absolute rainbow scattering angle. Accordingly, the angular calibration is vital for accurate measurements. A new optical design of the one-dimensional rainbow technique is proposed by using a one-dimensional spatial filter in the Fourier domain. The relationship between the scattering angle and the CCD pixel of a recorded rainbow image can be accurately determined by a simple calibration. Moreover, only the light perpendicularly incident on the lens in the angle (φ) direction is selected, which exactly matches the classical inversion algorithm used in rainbow refractometry. Both standard and global one-dimensional rainbow techniques are implemented with the proposed optical design, and are successfully applied to measure the refractive index and the size of a line of n-heptane droplets.
Nucleotides and nucleic acids; oligo- and polynucleotides (2012)

In some ways the field of oligonucleotide research over the year 2010 has seen an explosion of new publications. Perhaps the one area that has seen greatest growth has been in structure determination, possibly driven by therapeutic companies wanting to have new drugs more target-driven, possibly bec...
Chalcogenide passivation of III–V semiconductor surfaces (1998)

Experimental studies of chalcogenide passivation (by sulfur and selenium atoms) of III–V semiconductor surfaces are analyzed. The characteristic features of chemical-bond formation, the atomic structure, and the electronic properties of III–V semiconductor surfaces coated with chalcogenide atoms are examined. Advances in recent years in the application of chalcogenide passivation in semiconductor technology and trends and prospects for further development of this direction are discussed.
Functional Electrical Stimulation (2017)

In 2016, the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS) celebrated its 20th anniversary. IFESS is promoting research, applications, and understanding of electrical stimulation. This special issue is based on a selection of extended versions of articles that have been presented during the anniversary annual conference in June 2016 in Montpellier/La Grande-Motte, France. They are intended to illustrate the multiple facets of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and recent advances in the domain. Engineers and clinicians demonstrate here the importance and potential of this very active research field. We have also invited Prof. Dejan Popovic and Dr. Thierry Keller to contribute with an article about IFESS history. The clinical applications presented in this issue cover various contexts: post-stroke hemiplegic upper limb therapy (Malesevic et al. 1, Irimia et al. 2), complete spinal cord injuries (SCI) assisted cycling (Fonseca et al. 3, Tefertiller and Gerber 4, Andrews et al. 5), obesity treatment (Lonys et al. 6), Parkinson's disease (PD) gait assistance (Sijobert et al. 7), and cerebral palsy (CP) gait assistance (Rose et al. 8). In their article, Tefertiller and Gerber present a walking rehabilitation program dedicated to SCI patients. This very comprehensive protocol associates electrical stimulation and ergometry to enhance neurological recovery. Rose et al. discuss the use of multichannel electrical stimulation as a very promising assistive technology to help children with spastic CP achieve a more upright and functional gait. Andrews et al. present their long experience of FES-rowing in SCI patients. The article from Malesevic et al., investigates surface motor activation zones using a multi-pad functional electrical stimulation system to produce selective wrist, finger, and thumb extension movements in therapy sessions involving hemiplegic stroke patients. In their article, Fonseca et al. present an approach for cadence tracking and disturbance rejection in FES cycling in complete paraplegic subjects. Sijobert et al. report a new strategy to assist PD gait through somatosensory cueing based on electrical stimulation of the arch foot in PD gait. Irimia et al., introduce a brain-computer interface to monitor movement imagery to real-time control FES and bar feedback during post stroke hemiplegic patients upper limb training. Some articles of this issue are concerned with invasive approaches of FES. Lonys et al. present an in vivo validation of a less invasive procedure to stimulate the stomach with a gastrointestinal stimulator implant to activate the loss of weight in obese patients. Overall the contributions to this special issue demonstrate how versatile FES can act as a beneficial tool for a variety of clinical applications. We are confident that this collection will be interesting for a wide community of researchers and practitioners and hope it will promote awareness for the numerous beneficial options the use of FES in diagnostic and therapeutic applications can provide.
Bacteria Detected in both Urine and Open Wounds in Nursing Home Residents: a Pilot Study (2019)

Nursing home residents are at a greater risk of developing pressure injuries that develop into an open wound, which can become colonized with bacteria. Understanding the factors that influence microbial colonization of open wounds can lead to the prevention of infections. The relationship between bacteria found in urine and those in open wounds is currently unknown. To determine if bacterial species colonizing open wounds are also found in the urine, we conducted a pilot study with nursing home residents, comparing bacterial species present in the urine with those present in wounds between the umbilicus and mid-thigh. To identify microbial species that were present in both urine and open wound at one time point in one patient, standard clinical bacteriologic culture techniques followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used, as well as 16S rRNA-encoding gene amplicon sequencing. We found some bacterial species detected in urine were also detected in open wounds in one individual at one time point, using both culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Bacterial species that were more often detected, using culture-dependent and -independent methods, at both sites included <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Providencia stuartii</i> This pilot study provides evidence that bacterial species identified within the urine can also be identified in open wounds in the same patient at one point in time. Further studies are needed to investigate if these species are of the same lineage and if the urinary microbiota are able to seed colonization of open wounds below the umbilicus.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Older adults, specifically those in nursing facilities, are more susceptible to developing chronic open nonhealing wounds. Chronic open nonhealing wounds severely impact an individual's quality of life and can lead to other comorbidities, such as infection. Recent evidence suggests that the open wound bacterial community can influence wound healing and repair. It is important to understand all sources of open wound contamination to improve preventative infection measures and treatment protocols. In this pilot study, we investigated if bacterial species isolated from urine can also be isolated from open wounds located between the levels of the umbilicus and mid-thigh in the same patient at the same point in time. A growing body of evidence suggests that urine can harbor a microbial community, even in asymptomatic individuals, and older adults are more prone to urinary incontinence. This is the first study to investigate bacterial species concordance between these two anatomical sites. We found, using both culture-dependent and -independent methods, that the same bacterial species can colonize both the urine and wound in one patient at one point in time. Further studies are needed to investigate if these species are of the same lineage and if the urinary microbiota are able to seed colonization of these types of open wounds.
Detection and Characterization of Genetic Recombination in Cytopathic Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses (2000)

In cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (BVDV1) isolates, insertions are reported at position A (amino acid [aa] 1535) and position B (aa 1589). Insertions at position B predominate. In this survey it was found that in BVDV2, insertions at position A predominate. Possible reasons for this difference in relative frequency are discussed.
Channel Adaptive CQI Reporting Schemes for UMTS High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (2006)

HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access) is an evolved UMTS packet scheme that delivers increased user peak data rates and supports quality of service. A key technique supporting HSDPA is adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), in which the modulation scheme and the coding rate are changed adaptively according to the downlink channel quality reported by the user equipment (UE). Therefore, the channel quality indication (CQI) reporting scheme is directly related to the accuracy of AMC and the performance of HSDPA. In the current specification of HSDPA, each UE must periodically report to Node B the CQI. Hence, UE must report the same CQI value repeatedly when the channel quality is unchanged. Obviously, this is the waste of the UE's battery power. To solve this problem, we propose channel adaptive CQI reporting schemes in which UEs report the CQI value intelligently using information about channel quality. With the proposed schemes, the battery capacity of UEs can be conserved and the uplink interference can be lowered by filtering off redundant CQI reports or the transmission error rate can be lowered by fast CQI reports.
A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID FLUORIDES (1976)

Abstract Various carboxylic acid fluorides are prepared in good yields by treating carboxylic acids with 2-fluoro-1,3-dimethylpyridinium salts in the presence of tertiary amines such as triethylamine.
A Convergent Synthesis of N‐Glycopeptides (2006)

Two birds are killed with one stone when N-glycopeptides are synthesized by condensation of photoreactive peptides with glycosylamines. Firstly, the aspartic acid side chain is protected as an amide with a nitroindoline moiety, which is then converted into a powerful acylating agent by UV light. Secondly, photoacylation is carried out under base-free conditions, which minimizes an undesired side reaction, the formation of aspartimide. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z502687_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Computational-Based Method for Predicting Drug–Target Interactions by Using Stacked Autoencoder Deep Neural Network (2017)

Identifying the interaction between drugs and target proteins is an important area of drug research, which provides a broad prospect for low-risk and faster drug development. However, due to the limitations of traditional experiments when revealing drug-protein interactions (DTIs), the screening of targets not only takes a lot of time and money but also has high false-positive and false-negative rates. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective automatic computational methods to accurately predict DTIs in the postgenome era. In this article, we propose a new computational method for predicting DTIs from drug molecular structure and protein sequence by using the stacked autoencoder of deep learning, which can adequately extract the raw data information. The proposed method has the advantage that it can automatically mine the hidden information from protein sequences and generate highly representative features through iterations of multiple layers. The feature descriptors are then constructed by combining the molecular substructure fingerprint information, and fed into the rotation forest for accurate prediction. The experimental results of fivefold cross-validation indicate that the proposed method achieves superior performance on gold standard data sets (enzymes, ion channels, GPCRs [G-protein-coupled receptors], and nuclear receptors) with accuracy of 0.9414, 0.9116, 0.8669, and 0.8056, respectively. We further comprehensively explore the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with other feature extraction algorithms, state-of-the-art classifiers, and other excellent methods on the same data set. The excellent comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly competitive when predicting drug-target interactions.
Colorimetric Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)/Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donation from γ‐Ketothiocarbamate Donor Motifs (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub> S) is a biologically active molecule that exhibits protective effects in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although several H<sub>2</sub> S-related biological effects have been discovered by using H<sub>2</sub> S donors, knowing how much H<sub>2</sub> S has been released from donors under different conditions remains challenging. Now, a series of γ-ketothiocarbamate (γ-KetoTCM) compounds that provide the first examples of colorimetric H<sub>2</sub> S donors and enable direct quantification of H<sub>2</sub> S release, were reported. These compounds are activated through a pH-dependent deprotonation/β-elimination sequence to release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted into H<sub>2</sub> S by carbonic anhydrase. The p-nitroaniline released upon donor activation provides an optical readout that correlates directly to COS/H<sub>2</sub> S release, thus enabling colorimetric measurement of H<sub>2</sub> S donation.
Collaborative Idea Management: A Driver of Continuous Innovation (2014)

IntroductionInnovation is often touted as "the lifeblood of business", and yet many companies struggle to keep the continuous flow of innovation that is required to sustain long-term health. But why? What are the key factors that prevent companies from being the innovation engines they strive to be?
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Associated with Imatinib Therapy (2008)

hormone-related peptide associated with hypercalcemia in a patient with Graves' disease and thymus enlargement. Because levels of both anti-thyrotropin-receptor antibody and parathyroid hormone-related peptide decreased during antithyroid treatment, we hypothesize that antithyrotropin-receptor antibody induced the release of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in this patient. From a clinical point of view, it is important to recognize that thymus enlargement and parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia may occur simultaneously in Graves' disease and that both may respond to antithyroid treatment.
Exophthalmos in Myelodysplastic syndrome (1991)

A case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who suffered alternating proptosis was reported. A 57-year-old Japanese man with MDS developed acute painful left proptosis with eyelid edema, conjunctival injection, visual disturbance, and restriction of eye movements. This lasted for 3 weeks. Computerized tomography (CT) showed swelling of the lateral and medial rectus muscles and the optic nerve, as well as a retrobulbar mass. Later, a similar painful right proptosis with severe conjunctival chemosis developed. CT showed only bilateral mild optic nerve swelling. The visual acuity of the right eye decreased to null even after remission of the proptosis. The patient died due to myocardial infarction and underwent autopsy. The right optic nerve stroma was found to be increased over that of the left. Cellular infiltration was noted in the left optic nerve and the retrobulbar connective tissue. This self-limiting and relapsing proptosis was apparently related to MDS. This is only the second MDS case with such severe ophthalmological symptoms reported in the literature.
Effects of exercise training on the glutathione antioxidant system (2007)

This study represents the first longitudinal investigation involving the effects of multiple modes of exercise training on the GSH antioxidant system with evidence, suggesting the GHS:GSSG ratio as the most sensitive change marker. The significant findings of this study have potential clinical implications to individuals involved in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Discrepancy between financial disclosures of authors of clinical practice guidelines and reports by industry (2017)

There is a substantial effort to increase the accuracy of conflicts of interest (COI) reporting, and reduce the influence of COI between physicians and industry, especially as it relates to clinical practice guidelines.We used the newly implemented Open Payments dataset to evaluate the accuracy of COI disclosures of authors of clinical practice guidelines that were either newly published or revised within 2014 and were included in the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) website (maintained by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Authors were considered as having inaccurate COI disclosure if they had not reported all companies from which they had received funds >$5000 in the 12 months preceding the guideline's publication.We identified 223 guidelines that were either newly published (109/223; 48.9%) or revised (114/223; 51.1%) within 2014 and were included in the NGC website. Among the 1329 guideline authors with available Open Payments data, 523 received >$5000 from at least 1 healthcare-associated entity. However, only 56 out of the 523 authors (10.7%) were found to have accurate COI disclosure. The percentage of authors with accurate COI disclosure in revised guidelines was significantly lower than in newly published guidelines (6.8% vs 14.3%; P < 0.01) and was also found to differ between specialties. Furthermore, authors were less likely to inaccurately disclose "research payments" (37/49, 75.5%) compared to "general payments" (488/559, 87.3%, P = 0.02) as well as "other/associated research funding" (430/506, 85.0%, P = 0.08). No statistically significant association was detected between funding amount and disclosure accuracy.The majority of guideline authors lacked significant COIs, but among authors that received significant funds from at least 1 healthcare-associated entity the frequency of accurate disclosure was low. These findings indicate that the current process of disclosing COIs may be suboptimal and a proactive approach should be adopted in order to minimize COI reporting discrepancies. Furthermore, every effort should be undertaken to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the data recorded in the Open Payments database.
AIE-Active, Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescent 2D Block Copolymer Nanoplatelets Based on Corona Chain Compression (2022)

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) represents a powerful tool in nanoscience as a result of enhanced luminescence in the condensed state. Although AIEgenic materials have been utilized in a wide range of applications, well-defined self-assembled nanoparticles with tailorable and uniform dimensions and morphology remain challenging to access. Herein, we use the seeded growth, living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) method to prepare size-tunable and uniform AIE-active 2D nanoplatelets from amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) precursors with a crystallizable core-forming block and a corona-forming block to which tetraphenylethene (TPE) groups were covalently grafted as AIE-active pendants. The nanoplatelets were formed as a result of a solvophobicity-induced 1D to 2D morphology preference change, which accompanied the seeded growth of a BCP with a quaternized corona-forming block bearing the TPE luminogen. The 2D nanoplatelets exhibited a solvent-responsive fluorescent emission, and examples with coronas containing homogeneously distributed AIE-active TPE groups and Hg(II)-capturing thymine units exhibited excellent performance as proof-of-concept "turn-on" sensors for Hg(II) detection with a rapid response, high selectivity, and a low detection limit (5-125 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M, i.e., 1-25 ppb). The fluorescence intensity was found to be nonlinear with respect to analyte concentration and to increase with the area of the nanoplatelet. This behavior is consistent with a cooperative mechanism based on changes in the steric compression of the corona chains, which gives rise to a restriction of the intramolecular motion (RIM) effect.
Viral protein R of HIV type‐1 induces retrotransposition and upregulates glutamate synthesis by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway (2015)

Viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV-1 plays an important role in viral replication in macrophages. Various lines of evidence suggest that expression of Vpr in macrophages causes immunopathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, it was shown that recombinant Vpr (rVpr) induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 in RAW264.7, a macrophage-like cell line, and activates reverse transcriptase-dependent immunotoxic cascades including production of IFN-β and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Knockout experiments based on the CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system further demonstrated that cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) are responsible for IFN-β production and STAT1 phosphorylation, respectively. Moreover, rVpr was found to increase production of glutaminase C, a regulator of glutamate synthesis, which is also dependent on the cGAS-STING pathway. Taken together with reports that glutaminase C is involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and that Vpr is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1-positive patients, a possible role of Vpr-induced L1-RTP and immunotoxic cascades in the development of HAND is discussed.