gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Wheat DON and NIV Concentrations with Optical Sorters (2009)

In this research, the reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) concentrations in wheat was investigated using two types of optical sorters: a full color belt sorter (model CS-300, Satake Corp., Hiroshima Japan), which measures a material's optical characteristics in the RGB wavelength range, and an optical sorter (model RMGS561, Satake Corp.), which measures a material in the near-infrared wavelength range over 1400 nm. The results showed that the removal of Fusarium-contaminated grains from material wheat (wheat before sorting) using the optical sorters successfully reduced the DON and NIV concentrations of the material wheat. It was statistically proven that this reduction was due to the removal of contaminated grains with optimum sensitivity settings in the optical sorters. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that the 2.29 ppm DON concentration of the material wheat can be reduced below the tentative DON regulation level in Japan (1.1 ppm) at 95% product yield after sorting. Moreover, the 1.20 ppm NIV concentration of the material wheat can be reduced by 50% to 60% using the same optical sorter.
Making it Click (2006)

Abstract The Central Piedmont Community College Libraries have been successful in creating positive expectations from the CPCC com-munity by connecting an official library logo with quality library ser-vice. The creation of the CPCC Libraries' logo CLICK was a process that spanned several months. A history of this process details the meetings and design work needed to finalize the creation. Discussion includes sev-eral ways CLICK has been used in public relations efforts and awards the library has won for CLICK.
The prognostic and predictive impact of genomic grade index (GGI) versus central grade or molecular class in intermediate-risk breast cancer (BC): Results from the EC-Doc trial. (2013)

1092 Background: Potential markers for adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy (CTx) in early, intermediate-risk BC include histologic grade (HG), Ki-67, Genomic Grade (GG) or molecular classification. The randomized EC-Doc trial demonstrated improvements in DFS and OS for EC-Doc vs. FEC in patients with 1-3 positive LN. Methods: Centrally assessed protein expression data by IHC, histology/HG (n=772) and GG (n=476) were obtained. Luminal A/B classes were defined as: ER/PR+/KI-67&lt;20/&gt;20% and/or HER2+. Correlations/concordance of these factors were estimated; impact on DFS and value for predicting taxane-based CTx benefit was assessed. Results: Low, equivocal and high GG (GG-1/-EQ/-3) categories were observed among 54 (11%); 60 (13%); 358 patients (76%) and associated with decreasing 5-yr-DFS rates of 100%, 92% and 82% (p &lt; 0.001).There is only 60% concordance between local (L)/central(C) HG assessments and 63% between GG and C-HG. 37.7% of GG-3 tumors were L- HG3 vs. 72% C-HG3; 79% of C-HG2 and 83% of L-HG2 tumors were re-classified (56-71% to GGI3). Only 5.6-6% of GG1 were HG1 by L/C-HG respectively.GG was prognostic only in L-HG subgroups.In univariate subgroup analyses, EC-Doc was significantly superior to FEC: C-G3 (HR=0.58, 0.39-0.93), high Ki-67 (HR=0.55, 0.32E0.92) and GG-3 (HR=0.58, 0.34-0.99) subgroups. In multivariate analyses of HR+ disease (including age, therapy, GGI category, tumor size, LN status, central/local HG, Ki-67, HER2), either C-HG3 / high Ki-67 (as dichotomous variables) or C-HG3 / GGI (as continuous variable) were identified as independent prognostic factors.In interaction analysis, only C-HG, luminal A subtype and interaction of luminal-B/therapy were significant. If local HG was included instead of C-HG, only GG was as independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: These data support GGI as independent prognostic factor in early HR+ BC and as predictive marker regarding taxane benefit by univariate analysis. There is heterogeneity between L/C-HG and GGI. C-HG and Ki-67 assessment appear similarly informative. A predictive effect regarding benefit of taxane-containing CTx was seen in the IHC-luminal B subtype.
Cold Atom Simulation of Interacting Relativistic Quantum Field Theories (2010)

We demonstrate that Dirac fermions self-interacting or coupled to dynamic scalar fields can emerge in the low energy sector of designed bosonic and fermionic cold atom systems. We illustrate this with two examples defined in two spacetime dimensions. The first one is the self-interacting Thirring model. The second one is a model of Dirac fermions coupled to a dynamic scalar field that gives rise to the Gross-Neveu model. The proposed cold atom experiments can be used to probe spectral or correlation properties of interacting quantum field theories thereby presenting an alternative to lattice gauge theory simulations.
Next generation modeling III - agents: a multi-paradigm simulator for simulating complex adaptive supply chain networks (2003)

This paper introduces a multi-paradigm dynamic system simulator based on discrete time and discrete event formalism for simulating a supply chain as a complex adaptive system. Little is known about why such a diversity of supply chain structures exist. Simulating dynamic supply chain networks over extended periods using the multiparadigm dynamic system simulator allows us to observe the emergence of different structures. The simulator is implemented using a software agent technology, where individual agents represent firms in a supply chain network. In this paper, we present an example scenario run on the simulator and the preliminary results that have been observed. This multi-paradigm tool provides a valuable investigation instrument for real life supply chain problems.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Taxusin (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GaAs/GaAlAs Heterojunction Bipolar Phototransistor for Monolithic Photoreceiver Operating at 140 Mbit/s (2005)

The first monolithic integrated photodetector-preamplifier implemented with GaAs-GaAIAs heterojunction phototransistor and transistors has been fabricated and tested. A heterojunction phototransistor (HPT), two heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) and four resistors are integrated in a 0.5 x 0.5 mm/sup 2/ GaAs chip. The photoreceiver with a 26 kOmega external feedback resistor has a bandwidth of 80 MHz with a transimpedance gain of 7000V/A. The noise measurements indicate that a minimum detectable power of -30 dBm is obtained at 140 Mbit/s for an error rate of 10/sup -9/.
Novel Reagent Space: Identifying Unorderable but Readily Synthesizable Building Blocks (2021)

Drug discovery building blocks available commercially or within an internal inventory cover a diverse range of chemical space and yet describe only a tiny fraction of all chemically feasible reagents. Vendors will eagerly provide tools to search the former; there is no straightforward method of mining the latter. We describe a procedure and use case in assembling chemical structures not available for purchase but that could likely be synthesized in one robust chemical transformation starting from readily available building blocks. Accessing this vast virtual chemical space dramatically increases our curated collection of reagents available for medicinal chemistry exploration and novel hit generation, almost tripling the number of those with 10 or fewer atoms.
Pyrimidines as the potential circulatory drugs. (1992)

Chemical structures and biological activities of the novel, biologically active pyrimidine derivatives are being reviewed. The extensive pharmacological studies do indicate that some of these compounds may be regarded as very valuable circulatory drugs.
Modulation of pain in fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome): cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigation of pain related neuropeptides with special reference to calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). (1989)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were 0.94 +/- 0.06 fmol/ml (mean +/- SEM), of substance P, 35.1 +/- 3.2 fmol/ml and of substance P (1-7), 10.8 +/- 1.2 fmol/ml, as measured by radioimmunoassay in 26 female patients with fibromyalgia. No correlation was found between the levels of CGRP and the substance P and substance P (1-7) levels (r = 0.316, p = 0.14). Our results show that the anatomical coexistence of pain related neuropeptides in neurons is not necessarily reflected by the levels of these peptides measured in the CSF. The presence of CGRP in the CSF could be important since it can enhance the nociceptive activity of tachykinins. This may be of importance in the pathogenesis of pain in fibromyalgia.
A method for measuring amplitude and phase of each radiating element of a phased array antenna (1982)

Abstract In the phased array system, excitation amplitudes and phases based on the design are specified for each antenna element in order to synthesize desired beam scannings and radiation patterns. However, due to fluctuations of antenna and feed network characteristics, the amplitude and phase of each antenna element deviate from the desired values. To correct these deviations, the amplitude and phase of each antenna element must be accurately measured under specific operating conditions. In this paper, we employ variable phase shifters connected to the antenna elements and measure only the amplitude variation of the composite electric field of the entire array when the phase of each element is modified. The rotating element electric field vector method in which the measured amplitude variation is numerically processed for obtaining the amplitude and phase of the particular element is theoretically discussed and experimentally tested for its usefulness. The present method can be easily attained by simply adding software to the computer‐controlled phased array system.
F-1528 Development of TITech CubeSat 2001 : an orbital satellite (2001)

CubeSat Project is an international, educational and practical program, and many universities and companies join in the project. A CubeSat is a pico-satellite sized of 10cm^*10cm^*10cm, less than 1kg in weight, and 18 CubeSats are planned to launch at May 1 of 2002 by a Russian rocket, Dnepr. We, TITech group, are now developing a CubeSat for the launch opprtunity. The objectives of TITech CubeSat Project are design/development of pico satellite equipped with bus components under the leadership of students, and reduce the total costs by using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. In this paper, we explain the design and the development schedule of TITech CubeSat.
Type II Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase: Probing the Mechanism with Alkyne/Allene Diphosphate Substrate Analogues (2010)

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the basic five-carbon building blocks of isoprenoid molecules. Two structurally unrelated classes of IDIs are known. Type I IPP isomerase (IDI-1) utilizes a divalent metal in a protonation-deprotonation reaction. In contrast, the type II enzyme (IDI-2) requires reduced flavin, raising the possibility that the reaction catalyzed by IDI-2 involves the net addition or abstraction of a hydrogen atom. As part of our studies of the mechanism of isomerization for IDI-2, we synthesized allene and alkyne substrate analogues for the enzyme. These molecules are predicted to be substantially less reactive toward proton addition than IPP and DMAPP but have similar reactivities toward hydrogen atom addition. This prediction was verified by calculations of gas-phase heats of reaction for addition of a proton and of a hydrogen atom to 1-butyne (3) and 1,2-butadiene (4) to form the 1-buten-2-yl carbocation and radical, respectively, and related affinities for 2-methyl-1-butene (5) and 2-methyl-2-butene (6) using G3MP2B3 and CBS-QB3 protocols. Alkyne 1-OPP and allene 2-OPP were not substrates for Thermus thermophilus IDI-2 or Escherichia coli IDI-1 but instead were competitive inhibitors. The experimental and computational results are consistent with a protonation-deprotonation mechanism for the enzyme-catalyzed isomerization of IPP and DMAPP.
De novoSCN1Amutations are a major cause of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (2003)

Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI or Dravet syndrome) is a rare disorder occurring in young children often without a family history of a similar disorder. The earliest disease manifestations are usually fever-associated seizures. Later in life, patients display different types of afebrile seizures including myoclonic seizures. Arrest of psychomotor development occurs in the second year of life and most patients become ataxic. Patients are resistant to antiepileptic drug therapy. Recently, we described de novo mutations of the neuronal sodium channel alpha-subunit gene SCN1A in seven isolated SMEI patients. To investigate the contribution of SCN1A mutations to the etiology of SMEI, we examined nine additional SMEI patients. We observed eight coding and one noncoding mutation. In contrast to our previous study, most mutations are missense mutations clustering in the S4-S6 region of SCN1A. These findings demonstrate that de novo mutations in SCN1A are a major cause of isolated SMEI.
SuperSegger: robust image segmentation, analysis and lineage tracking of bacterial cells (2016)

Many quantitative cell biology questions require fast yet reliable automated image segmentation to identify and link cells from frame-to-frame, and characterize the cell morphology and fluorescence. We present SuperSegger, an automated MATLAB-based image processing package well-suited to quantitative analysis of high-throughput live-cell fluorescence microscopy of bacterial cells. SuperSegger incorporates machine-learning algorithms to optimize cellular boundaries and automated error resolution to reliably link cells from frame-to-frame. Unlike existing packages, it can reliably segment microcolonies with many cells, facilitating the analysis of cell-cycle dynamics in bacteria as well as cell-contact mediated phenomena. This package has a range of built-in capabilities for characterizing bacterial cells, including the identification of cell division events, mother, daughter and neighbouring cells, and computing statistics on cellular fluorescence, the location and intensity of fluorescent foci. SuperSegger provides a variety of postprocessing data visualization tools for single cell and population level analysis, such as histograms, kymographs, frame mosaics, movies and consensus images. Finally, we demonstrate the power of the package by analyzing lag phase growth with single cell resolution.
Probabilistic Pareto plan generation for semiautomated multicriteria radiation therapy treatment planning (2022)

<i>Objective.</i>We propose a semiautomatic pipeline for radiation therapy treatment planning, combining ideas from machine learning-automated planning and multicriteria optimization (MCO).<i>Approach.</i>Using knowledge extracted from historically delivered plans, prediction models for spatial dose and dose statistics are trained and furthermore systematically modified to simulate changes in tradeoff priorities, creating a set of differently biased predictions. Based on the predictions, an MCO problem is subsequently constructed using previously developed dose mimicking functions, designed in such a way that its Pareto surface spans the range of clinically acceptable yet realistically achievable plans as exactly as possible. The result is an algorithm outputting a set of Pareto optimal plans, either fluence-based or machine parameter-based, which the user can navigate between in real time to make adjustments before a final deliverable plan is created.<i>Main results.</i>Numerical experiments performed on a dataset of prostate cancer patients show that one may often navigate to a better plan than one produced by a single-plan-output algorithm.<i>Significance.</i>We demonstrate the potential of merging MCO and a data-driven workflow to automate labor-intensive parts of the treatment planning process while maintaining a certain extent of manual control for the user.
Blood Purification for Critical Illness: Cytokines Adsorption Therapy (2006)

Blood purification therapies have been clinically applied to treat cytokine-induced pathological effects. The effects of broad-spectrum adsorption using Lixelle (beta2-microglobulin adsorption column; Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan) for the condition of hypercytokinemia in vitro, in an animal model and in humans with sepsis were investigated. We found that Lixelle could selectively adsorb not only beta2-microglobulin but also cytokines composed of glycoproteins in vitro. In addition, Lixelle beads could adsorb not only endotoxin (ET) but also microbial fragments such as peptidoglycan (PG) which is a component of Gram-positive bacteria. Hypercytokinemic rats were connected to a direct hemoperfusion (DHP) system using a mini Lixelle column and time-course changes in plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were examined. In addition, a Lixelle column was used in direct hemoperfusion in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and the relationship between a decrease in cytokines and clinical course was examined. The increases in plasma levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were significantly inhibited in the group treated with the Lixelle column in an animal model. In humans with sepsis, for IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, the adsorbing rates in vivo before and after the use of the Lixelle column tended to decrease with time. However, the reduction rates at 5 min after the start were 31.4, 39.3, 36.4, 76.2 and 71.6%, respectively, and at 3 h after the start, the rates were 18.0, 17.7, 12.9, 31.8, and 32.9%, respectively. Clinically, their blood pressure increased and they recovered from shock status. These results suggest that SIRS and sepsis with hypercytokinemia can be treated with the DHP using the Lixelle column.
Grundlagen zu Operationsrobotern in der Hüftendoprothetik und mögliche Ansätze zur Qualitätsverbesserung von Operationsplanung und -umsetzung (1999)

Zur Qualitätssteigerung und Erhöhung der Präzision werden in verschiedenen operativen Disziplinen zunehmend rechnergestützte Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Gemeinsame Grundlage dieser für den Operationsbereich meist neuen Techniken ist die bildgesteuerte Operation. Hierbei wird anhand präoperativ gewonnener Bilddaten zunächst eine für den Patienten individuelle Operationsplanung durchgeführt. Der operative Eingriff oder Teilschritte davon können anschließend an einem virtuellen Modell simuliert werden. Bei manchen Systemen wird sogar der Operateur intraoperativ angeleitet. Hierzu ist es jedoch notwendig, das Planungskoordinatensystem exakt auf das Patientenkoordinatensystem am OP-Tisch umzusetzen. Die intraoperative Steuerung erfolgt dann entweder passiv durch Anleitung des Operateurs anhand der präoperativen Planung oder sogar aktiv, indem ein halbautomatisches Gerät unter Aufsicht des Chirurgen einzelne OP-Schritte übernimmt.
Cell death in disease: from 2010 onwards (2011)

The strong interest in cell death, and the shift in emphasis from basic mechanisms to translational aspects fostered the launch last year of the new sister journal of Cell Death and Differentiation, named Cell Death and Disease, to reflect its stronger focus towards clinical applications. Here, we review that first year of activity, which reflects an enthusiastic response by the scientific community. On the basis of this, we now launch two novel initiatives, the start of a new section dedicated to cancer metabolism and the opening of a new editorial office in Shanghai.
Home care versus hospital care in patients with multiple myeloma treated with pamidronate (2004)

Long-term bisphosphonate therapy has been shown to offer clinical benefit in the management of multiple myeloma. This study sought to explore the feasibility and potential advantages of monthly home-based intravenous infusions of pamidronate in patients with multiple myeloma. In a prospective crossover, multicentre trial, 37 patients were randomly allocated to receive 3 months of treatment with pamidronate given in the home followed by 3 months of treatment with pamidronate given in hospital or vice versa. Results from a patient preference questionnaire indicated most patients preferred treatment at home. Quality-of-life measurement was undertaken using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The results indicated a small, generally consistent, although not statistically significant, trend in favour of home care treatment. Extra nursing specialist time was required for home therapy. Home therapy with pamidronate in patients with multiple myeloma appeared feasible and safe and was preferred by patients in this study.
Development of soft and hard x-ray optics for astronomy: progress report II and considerations on material properties for large-diameter segmented optics of future missions (2002)

In this paper we will review the activities devoted to the development of soft (0.1-10 keV) and hard (10-100 keV) X-ray optics for future astronomical missions that were carried out at the Brera Astronomical Observatory (OAB, Italy) during the last year. Concerning the soft X-ray optics, we are studying the approach based on the use of ceramic carriers for making monolithic Wolter I mirror shells of large diameter by epoxy replication. The ceramic materials investigated in our study are SiC and Alumina (Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>), respectively produced by Chemical Vapor Deposition and plasma spray. We fabricated a number of mirror shell prototypes ($PHI equals 60 cm) using carriers based on both materials. X-ray imaging tests performed at the PANTER X-ray facility (Germany) with a full illumination of the optics demonstrated that the mirror shells based on SiC show much better performances than in the case of Alumina. These results can be explained in terms of the thermal-mechanical parameters of the two materials, being in the case of SiC much more performing than for Alumina. Concerning the development of hard X-ray multilayer optics, we are exploring the approach based on Ni electroforming replication. In the last period of activity we in particular concentrated our work on the surface superpolishing methods for the mandrel to be used in the replication process, to be much improved with respect the case Au coated single layer mirrors for soft X-rays. Concerning the specific aspect of the mandrel superpolishing, the results that we obtained can be considered very good and it is possible to claim that we achieved the goal prefixed at the beginning of the development program. The last part of the paper is dedicated to theoretical considerations on large-size and low-weight optics based on segmented mirrors like e.g., those under study for the petals of the XEUS project. In particular, the expected imaging performances by segmented optics produced using different kinds of materials will be compared.
Electron emission amplification of cold cathode by two-layer diamond coating (2015)

The results of experimental investigations of electron emission of molybdenum cathodes with two-layer diamond films are presented. For two-layer coating, the first layer of the two was a high-conductivity nanocrystalline diamond film heavily doped with nitrogen, and the second layer was a thin microcrystalline high-quality diamond film. The emission characteristics of the cathodes were determined on the basis on analyzing the output parameters of a high-power rf pulse compressor, in which these cathodes were used in the high-current (>100 A) regime. In the experiment, the current increasing for the cathode with two-layer coating in comparison with cathodes without and with one layer was observed. This effect of the current increasing can be explained by amplification of the electron beam in the process of the secondary electron emission as the beam passes through the second diamond film.