gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Rates of Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-infected Children in the National Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission Program in Togo (2016)

Scale-up and improvement of PMTCT strategies resulted in a global decrease of pediatric HIV infections, but our study shows high rates of drug resistance in infants for whom prevention failed.
AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES AND PSORIASIS (1984)

SUMMARY Psoriasis among full‐blood Australian Aborigines appears to be rare or absent. After examination of some three thousand of these people in central, northern, and southern Australia, I have not seen psoriasis. Other medical and nursing observers have also not seen psoriasis in these people. Two references in the literature to psoriasis in Abotigines are reviewed briegly. The author has seen only one, male, part‐Aborigine (more Causcasian than Aborigine), with in a female Aborigine whose father was said to be “not tribal”. A third was recently reported to me. Other conditions common among Aborigines, which should not be confused with psoriasis, are outlined, Certain aspects of the apparent absence of psoriasis in full‐blood Australian Aborigines are discussed. Previous research about the essential causes of psoriasis has not been particularly rewarding. An important question must, therefore, be asked. Should some research projects in future be directed to reasons why some human groups seem not to get psoriasis rather than to why others do?
Protective effect of thioredoxin perfusion but not inhalation in warm ischemic-reperfused rat lungs (2009)

A 350-microg/ml perfusion, but not inhalation, of rhTRX protected rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. rhTRX was effective in dimeric form without transit to the lung tissue. rhTRX may be effective by some mechanism other than radical scavenging.
Browning of Autoclaved Milk Chemical Factors Involved (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBrowning of Autoclaved Milk Chemical Factors InvolvedJ. P. Kass and L. S. PalmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 10, 1360–1366Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50370a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50370a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast band-gap oscillations in iron pyrite (2013)

With its combination of favorable band gap, high absorption coefficient, material abundance, and low cost, iron pyrite, FeS[subscript 2], has received a great deal of attention over the past decades as a promising material for photovoltaic applications such as solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells. Devices made from pyrite, however, exhibit open circuit voltages significantly lower than predicted, and despite a recent resurgence of interest in the material, there currently exists no widely accepted explanation for this disappointing behavior. In this paper, we show that phonons, which have been largely overlooked in previous efforts, may play a significant role. Using fully self-consistent GW calculations, we demonstrate that a phonon mode related to the oscillation of the sulfur-sulfur bond distance in the pyrite structure is strongly coupled to the energy of the conduction-band minimum, leading to an ultrafast (≈100 fs) oscillation in the band gap. Depending on the coherency of the phonons, we predict that this effect can cause changes of up to ±0.3 eV relative to the accepted FeS[subscript 2] band gap at room temperature. Harnessing this effect via temperature or irradiation with infrared light could open up numerous possibilities for novel devices such as ultrafast switches and adaptive solar absorbers.
Controller design for a single-link flexible smart materials robot with experimental tests (2002)

In this paper, controller design is investigated for a single-link flexible smart materials robot, which combines both the advantages of flexible robots and piezoelectric materials. To avoid the drawbacks resulting from model uncertainties and/or model truncations, model-free controllers (both decentralized and centralized) are proposed for tip regulation and residual vibration suppression. In contrast to traditional model-based methods, the controllers presented here are derived from the basic energy-work relationship and are independent of the system dynamics.
Frontispiece: Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO3‐based lead‐free piezoceramics caused by compositional segregation (Phys. Status Solidi A 4/2011) (2011)

Compositional segregation in sintered alkaline niobate-based ceramics Compositional segregation is a phenomenon taking place in alkaline niobate-based ceramics sintered above their melting points. The selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns suggest a clear segregation of liquid phase and solid phase. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis across a grain along a line shows that the grain is partially melting and undergoes a compositional segregation, exhibiting a ‘core-shell’ like structure. For more details see the article by J. Fang et al. (pp. 791–794). The results indicate that compositional segregation is also a factor causing the high-temperature instability of alkaline niobate-based piezoceramics, yielding the observed narrow sintering temperature window. The suppression of compositional segregation could be an effective solution to the problem of poor performance repeatability, and a great help to the fabrication of high-performance alkaline niobate-based ceramics.
Human performance in a multisource environment with a frequency-banded minimum-variance beamforming algorithm (2001)

The effectiveness of a newly developed signal-processing algorithm to extract speech in the presence of multiple interferers was evaluated through intelligibility ratings from normal- and hearing-impaired listeners. Sentences were presented with competing speech and multitalker babble (MTB) at four different SNRs to groups of individuals with sensorineural hearing loss and normal hearing. The sentences and competition had been processed through a real-time, frequency-banded minimum-variance beamforming (FBMVB) algorithm in multitalker environments (Lockwood et al., 1999). Competing messages and MTB were simulated at +22 and +45 azimuths relative to the target source. Each target sentence with competing messages was submitted to the FBMVB algorithm to yield a set of 24 ‘‘processed’’ and 24 ‘‘unprocessed’’ sentences per SNR condition. Listeners rated the intelligibility (0%–100%) of the target sentences and repeated the last word of each sentence. Results from the ratings and the word recognition scores show improvement for every listener when the ensemble speech and competition were processed through the FBMVB algorithm. Results from these experiments indicate the advantage of the algorithm in selective extraction of speech in complex environments. Continued evaluation of the algorithm under real-room conditions is in progress. [Work supported by R21DC04840 ONR N00014-99-1-0612.]
Reaction of Resorcinol with Mesityl Oxide: Synthesis of 2,2‐Dimethyl‐4‐formyl‐7‐methoxy‐(2H)‐1‐benzopyran. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Impaired Antibody Response Causes Persistence of Prototypic T Cell–Contained Virus (2009)

CD8 T cells are recognized key players in control of persistent virus infections, but increasing evidence suggests that assistance from other immune mediators is also needed. Here, we investigated whether specific antibody responses contribute to control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a prototypic mouse model of systemic persistent infection. Mice expressing transgenic B cell receptors of LCMV-unrelated specificity, and mice unable to produce soluble immunoglobulin M (IgM) exhibited protracted viremia or failed to resolve LCMV. Virus control depended on immunoglobulin class switch, but neither on complement cascades nor on Fc receptor gamma chain or Fc gamma receptor IIB. Cessation of viremia concurred with the emergence of viral envelope-specific antibodies, rather than with neutralizing serum activity, and even early nonneutralizing IgM impeded viral persistence. This important role for virus-specific antibodies may be similarly underappreciated in other primarily T cell-controlled infections such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, and we suggest this contribution of antibodies be given consideration in future strategies for vaccination and immunotherapy.
Search for Higgs bosons produced via vector-boson fusion and decaying into bottom quark pairs in s=13  TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A search for the b b decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson produced through vector-boson fusion is presented. Three mutually exclusive channels are considered: two all-hadronic channels and a photonassociated channel. Results are reported from the analysis of up to 30.6 fb -1 of pp data at ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measured signal strength relative to the Standard Model prediction from the combined analysis is 2.5 1.4
A new hierarchical disk architecture (1998)

This three-level hierarchical architecture exploits the temporal locality of disk accesses and the benefits of large data transfer sizes to improve disk drive write performance.
Reduction of background clutter in structured lighting systems (2023)

Methods for segmenting the reflected light of an illumination source having a characteristic wavelength from background illumination (i.e. clutter) in structured lighting systems can comprise pulsing the light source used to illuminate a scene, pulsing the light source synchronously with the opening of a shutter in an imaging device, estimating the contribution of background clutter by interpolation of images of the scene collected at multiple spectral bands not including the characteristic wavelength and subtracting the estimated background contribution from an image of the scene comprising the wavelength of the light source and, placing a polarizing filter between the imaging device and the scene, where the illumination source can be polarized in the same orientation as the polarizing filter. Apparatus for segmenting the light of an illumination source from background illumination can comprise an illuminator, an image receiver for receiving images of multiple spectral bands, a processor for calculations and interpolations, and a polarizing filter.
Selective induction of CCL18/PARC by staphylococcal enterotoxins in mononuclear cells and enhanced levels in septic and rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

Chemokines are mediators of innate and acquired immunity. CCL18, also designated pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC), dendritic cell-derived CC chemokine-1 (DC-CK1), alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine-1 (AMAC-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), was for the first time isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and biochemically characterized. We found that CCL18/PARC protein is spontaneously secreted by PBMC and is selectively induced in PBMC by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB) and IL-4, but not by IFN-gamma and the CXCL8/IL-8 inducers lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Concanavalin A. Human fibroblasts, chondrocytes and endothelial cells did not produce CCL18/PARC in response to inflammatory mediators such as measles virus, double-stranded RNA, LPS or IL-1beta, whereas up to 150 ng/ml of CCL2/MCP-1 was induced under these conditions. In synovial fluids from septic and rheumatoid arthritis patients, fourfold-enhanced CCL18/PARC levels (150 ng/ml) were detected compared to those in crystal-induced arthritis and osteoarthritis. In septic arthritis, the synovial levels of CCL18/PARC were fivefold higher than those of CXCL8/IL-8. Immunochemistry revealed CD68(+) monocytes/macrophages as the main CCL18/PARC-producing cell type in both PBMC and arthritic synovial tissue. In addition, CD1a(+) blood dendritic cells expressed CCL18/PARC. These findings suggest that monocytic cells respond to Gram-positive bacterial infection by the production of CCL18/PARC in the synovial cavity.
Real-Time Multiple Particle Tracking of Gene Nanocarriers in Complex Biological Environments (2008)

Complex biological fluids, such as the vast and molecularly crowded cell cytoplasm and the highly viscoelastic mucus that protects many entry ways to the body, pose significant barriers to efficient gene delivery. Understanding the dynamics of gene carriers in such environments allows insight that leads to rational improvements in gene vector design. Fluorescence techniques that provide only ensemble-averaged transport characteristics do not provide detailed information related to the nature of various barriers to efficient gene vector transport to target cell nuclei. Multiple particle tracking (MPT) allows the tracking of the real-time motion of up to hundreds of individual particles simultaneously with high temporal and spatial resolution. We have adapted MPT to study gene carrier transport in live cells and in fresh, undiluted human mucus. By analyzing the displacements of gene vectors as a function of time scale, this technique provides, on a per particle basis, highly quantitative measurements of the transport rates and transport mechanisms, as well as biophysical information of the complex biological environments. Combining MPT with confocal microscopy (confocal particle tracking) allows dynamic and quantitative co-localization determination of gene carriers with various cellular structures, such as endosomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi. We have applied MPT to enhance understanding of critical extracellular and intracellular bottlenecks to gene transfer.
The Impact of Programmed Self-Instruction on Scheduling and Other Logistical Administrative Problems (1963)

The exploitable logistic patterns of synthesis and application derivable from a fully differentially paced teaching system should be recognized as one of the more highly significant contributions of the system worth identifying and developing. This paper sets forth views and procedures resulting from research into adaptive autoinstructional methodologies at New York Institute of Technology as they affect scheduling and other logistical administrative problems.
Near-complete suppression of surface losses and total internal quantum efficiency in BiVO4 photoanodes (2017)

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) is one of the most efficient light absorbing metal oxides for solar water splitting.
Review: Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab, by W. David Compton and Charles D. Benson (1985)

Book Review| October 01 1985 Review: Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab, by W. David Compton and Charles D. Benson Living and Working in Space: A History of SkylabW. David ComptonCharles D. Benson Marc Rothenberg Marc Rothenberg Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1985) 7 (4): 131–133. https://doi.org/10.2307/3377574 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Marc Rothenberg; Review: Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab, by W. David Compton and Charles D. Benson. The Public Historian 1 October 1985; 7 (4): 131–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3377574 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1985 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Atom Probe Microscopy of Self-Assembled Monolayers: Preliminary Results (2010)

We have achieved three-dimensional imaging of decanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces by atom probe tomography (APT). The present Letter provides preliminary results on Ni [001] and Au [111], shows the analytical potential of APT analysis of SAMs, and details developments in specimen preparation and in data-treatment methodologies. Importantly, the investigation of the mass spectra from analysis of the SAMs revealed no combination of sulfur and hydrogen at the interface between the metal substrates and the organic materials, potentially providing insight about the bonding of the thiols on the substrate.
Reverse Classification Accuracy: Predicting Segmentation Performance in the Absence of Ground Truth (2017)

When integrating computational tools such as automatic segmentation into clinical practice, it is of utmost importance to be able to assess the level of accuracy on new data, and in particular, to detect when an automatic method fails. However, this is difficult to achieve due to absence of ground truth. Segmentation accuracy on clinical data might be different from what is found through cross-validation because validation data is often used during incremental method development, which can lead to overfitting and unrealistic performance expectations. Before deployment, performance is quantified using different metrics, for which the predicted segmentation is compared to a reference segmentation, often obtained manually by an expert. But little is known about the real performance after deployment when a reference is unavailable. In this paper, we introduce the concept of reverse classification accuracy (RCA) as a framework for predicting the performance of a segmentation method on new data. In RCA we take the predicted segmentation from a new image to train a reverse classifier which is evaluated on a set of reference images with available ground truth. The hypothesis is that if the predicted segmentation is of good quality, then the reverse classifier will perform well on at least some of the reference images. We validate our approach on multi-organ segmentation with different classifiers and segmentation methods. Our results indicate that it is indeed possible to predict the quality of individual segmentations, in the absence of ground truth. Thus, RCA is ideal for integration into automatic processing pipelines in clinical routine and as part of large-scale image analysis studies.
In vitro and in vivo studies on the anticancer activity of dehydroilludin M. (1995)

Six first-generation illudin analogs were tested for antitumor activity using in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo xenograft models. One analog, dehydroilludin M, inhibited xenograft growth and prolonged life span of tumor bearing animals, when administered IP or IV, whereas the parent Illudin S compound was ineffective. The efficacy of dehydroilludin M in the MV522 lung carcinoma model exceeded that of 9 known anticancer drugs, and equaled that of mitomycin C. Dehydroilludin M retained the in vitro relative selective cytotoxicity for carcinomas and myeloid leukemia cell lines noted with the parent illudin compounds. In vitro cytotoxicity data predicted response of xenografts. Dehydroilludin M also retained the in vitro activity of the parent compounds against different multidrug resistant mdr cell lines.
Fragmentation Reactions in the Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Neutral Oligosaccharides (1999)

A method is described to obtain multicollision dissociation threshold (MCDT) values. These values provide relative reaction thresholds for dissociation in the three major gas-phase fragmentation reactions of oligosaccharides complexed to alkali metal ions. The quasimolecular ions are produced using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The MCDTs for alkali metal ion dissociation and glycosidic bond and cross-ring cleavages were resolved from the kinetic energy dependence of collision-induced dissociation (CID) products. The relative strengths of alkali metal ion binding to N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (chitobiose) and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose (chitotriose) were probed using sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) CID. Experiments to evaluate MCDT values and the method for obtaining them were performed by studying alkali metal ion coordinated crown ethers. Molecular dynamic simulations were also performed to provide insight into the alkali metal ion binding of chitin-based oligosaccharides. The relative dissociation thresholds of glycosidic bond cleavages and cross-ring cleavages were determined for various alkali metal ion coordinated oligosaccharides. The activation barriers of glycosidic bond cleavages were found to depend on the size of the alkali metal ion. Cross-ring cleavages were found to be independent of the alkali metal ion but dependent on linkage type. The results suggest that glycosidic bond cleavages are charge-induced while cross-ring cleavages are charge-remote processes.
CAN Bus Technology Enables Advanced Machinery Management (2012)

A controller area network (CAN) provides the central communication link on virtually every modern agricultural machine. Tractors, combines, and other powered vehicles use CAN Bus technology to connect multiple individual electronic control units (ECUs) and exchange sensor and control data. The advent of CAN technology has improved vehicle diagnostics, simplified electronic control design, and enabled advanced implement management through standards such as ISOBUS.
Normalisation of Historical Text Using Context-Sensitive Weighted Levenshtein Distance and Compound Splitting (2013)

Natural language processing for historical text imposes a variety of challenges, such as to deal with a high degree of spelling variation. Furthermore, there is often not enough linguistically annotated data available for training part-of-speech taggers and other tools aimed at handling this specific kind of text. In this paper we present a Levenshtein-based approach to normalisation of historical text to a modern spelling. This enables us to apply standard NLP tools trained on contemporary corpora on the normalised version of the historical input text. In its basic version, no annotated historical data is needed, since the only data used for the Levenshtein comparisons are a contemporary dictionary or corpus. In addition, a (small) corpus of manually normalised historical text can optionally be included to learn normalisation for frequent words and weights for edit operations in a supervised fashion, which improves precision. We show that this method is successful both in terms of normalisation accuracy, and by the performance of a standard modern tagger applied to the historical text. We also compare our method to a previously implemented approach using a set of hand-written normalisation rules, and we see that the Levenshtein-based approach clearly outperforms the hand-crafted rules. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out on Swedish data with promising results and we believe that our method could be successfully applicable to analyse historical text for other languages, including those with less resources.