gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Gearing System for Wind Turbines (2011)

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the possibility of improving the efficiency of wind turbines by taking advantage of the wind speed variability. An active epicycloids gearbox system allowing a variable speed at the input shaft and delivering a constant speed at the output shaft is proposed herein. The gearing system consists of an assembly of spur and ring gears run and controlled by an electrical motor. The system acts as a continuously variable transmission (CVT) between the wind turbine hub and the electricity generator which requires an entry speed corresponding to an electrical grid frequency of 60 Hz. The active gearing system is designed using CAD software, and the gearing design theory is used to dimension the proposed epicycloids system. The kinematic gearing theory is used to establish the different gearing ratios of the system, and the kinematic velocity relationships between the gearing system stages. The forces and torques acting on the gearing system are computed using the equilibrium equations. Ideally, the electrical power consumed by the regulating motor system is minimal so that a maximum percentage of the generated electrical power is supplied to the electricity grid. The advantage of this gearbox configuration is that the power consumed by the regulating motor will be theoretically close to zero when the wind speed is about 10.5 mph, which is the average wind speed for many areas where wind turbines are installed. As the wind speed moves away from its mentioned average, the gearbox electrical controls activate a regulating motor to secure a constant speed at the generator input. Currently, a prototype of the proposed system is under tests and experimental data has already shown the constancy of the angular velocity at the generator input. The measurements of the mechanical power distribution between the different components of the system are still underway. A prony-break system is currently used for this purpose. It is expected that within a defined range of the hub angular velocities, the power absorbed by the regulating motor remains a small fraction of the power delivered by the electricity generator.
Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of an Integrated Blocking Layer (2010)

Scanning probe microscopy was performed on an integrated blocking layer system developed for hybrid organic solar cells. A nanocomposite consisting of titania and an amphiphilic triblock copolymer ((PEO)MA-PDMS-MA(PEO)) was prepared by sol-gel chemistry. After plasma treatment and annealing of a spin casted film of 30-100 nm thickness a granular structure with a typical titania grain diameter of 20 nm was found. Conductive scanning force microscopy revealed that on top of almost every grain on the surface there is an increased conductivity compared to the average value. The correlation of grains and conductivity indicated that titania particles formed interconnecting paths through the film. For the resistivity of these pathways we found that effects of tip-sample and sample-electrode resistivity dominate. Additionally, conductive scanning force microscopy revealed non-conducting structures attributed to the thermal treatment. Kelvin probe microscopy of pristine samples on one side and plasma treated plus annealed samples on the other side showed that there is a shift in work function (0.8 +/- 0.2 eV) as expected for the transition of amorphous to anatase titania.
Stereochemistry and thermal stability of diazodiketones (1993)

The thermal stability of diazodiketones strongly depends on the twisting of the molecular framework caused by steric interaction of substituents at the carbonyl groups. On going from planar cyclic 2-diazo-4, 4-dimethyltetralin-1,3-dione to sterically congested mesitoylpivaloyldiazomethane the rate of decomposition increases 100 times. On the other hand, bulky substituents also decrease the reactivity of 2-ketoketenes formed in the Wolff rearrangement of these diazocarbonyl compounds.
The applications of PZT95/5 ceramics by induced phase transformation (2002)

Two applications using induced phase transitions of PZT95/5-type ceramics are discussed. They are shock-wave explosive energy conversion and heat-electric energy conversion. The phase transition related properties of PZT95/5 ceramics, such as the high coupling factor, the electrostrictive effect, the ferroelectric field effect, and the pyroelectric effect, were studied. Their potential applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Runtime Estimations, Reputation and Elections for Top Performing Distributed Query Scheduling (2009)

In the last few years, highly distributed, heterogeneous and dynamic environments have become usual contexts for scientific and business domains. In this work, we consider query scheduling over a grid-enabled distributed database, where the data may be partially or totally replicated into the component sites. Although there have been some previous proposals for query scheduling in distributed databases, they did not consider site reputation, which is important in autonomous and heterogeneous distributed systems. We propose a reputation-based election-inspired query scheduling strategy. Sites are autonomous concerning candidacy for answering queries, in which case they must report an expected response time commitment to those queries. A reputation system is used for ranking sites on their response time estimations. Commitment information and subsequent outcome allows the reputation-based election-inspired approach to improve the overall mean response time of the system. We compare it experimentally with other distributed schedulers to show that the use of reputation and elections improves performance in heterogeneous autonomous environments.
Periodic organic-organometallic microdomain structures in poly(styrene-block-ferrocenyldimethylsilane) copolymers and blends with corresponding homopolymers (1999)

A series of poly(styrene-block-ferrocenyldimethylsilane) copolymers (SF) with different relative molar masses of the blocks were prepared by sequential anionic polymerization. The bulk morphology of these polymers, studied by TEM and SAXS, showed well-ordered lamellar and cylindrical domains as well as disordered micellar structures. Temperature-dependent rheological measurements exhibited an order–disorder transition for SF 17/8 (the numbers refer to the relative molar masses in 103 g/mol) between 170 and 180°C, and an order–order transition for SF 9/19 between 190 and 200°C. The morphologies of binary blends of the diblocks with homopolymer were also investigated. In the blends the molar mass of the homopolymer was always less than the molar mass of the matching block. Ordered spheres on a bcc lattice and double-gyroid morphology were observed for the blends. The double-gyroid morphology was found only in F-rich diblock/homopolymer systems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1009–1021, 1999
A new dermocosmetic containing retinaldehyde, delta-tocopherol glucoside and glycylglycine oleamide for managing naturally aged skin: results from in vitro to clinical studies (2017)

The dermocosmetic containing RAL, delta-TC and GGO provides a substantial benefit in the daily care of naturally aged skin in women aged 35-55 years.
Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry of rhizodeposits – a new approach to identify potential effects of genetically modified plants on soil organisms (2006)

The objectives of the present study were (1) to investigate the qualitative composition of rhizodeposits leached from soils cropped with non-transgenic and genetically modified (GM) potatoes, and disclose if there were GM-specific modifications in potato rhizodeposition, and (2) to compare these results with conventional bulk parameters of microbial activity in soil. We have raised potatoes from a non-transgenic line (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Désirée) and three GM lines, which expressed a gene for the resistance to kanamycin (DLH 9000) and a gene for T4 lysozyme (DL10 and DL12). A sandy soil placed in 340 cm3-"CombiSart" containers was used, from which the rhizodeposit was leached after a six-week growth period. The freeze-dried leachates were analyzed by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). The Py-FI mass spectra gave detailed molecular-chemical information about the composition of leachates, indicating that the potato growth generally altered the composition of the soil solution. Moreover, a principal component analysis of the mass spectra showed differences between the leachates from the non-transgenic parent line and the GM potatoes as well as among the latter group. However, these differences in molecular composition could not be assigned to the release of T4-lysozyme into soil. Dehydrogenase activity and substrate-induced soil respiration as more common bulk parameters of soil microbial activity failed to disclose any significant effects of the various potatoes grown. The limitations of the described rhizodeposit leaching and analysis for risk assessment of GM potato cropping under field conditions are discussed critically. However, it could be concluded that the Py-FI mass spectrometric "fingerprint" can be developed as a fast, comprehensive, highly sensitive and reproducible analytical approach to discern any effects GM-crops may exert on soil ecological parameters.
Hirudin display on the surface of bacteriophage M13. (1999)

Hirudin was fused to the N terminus of M13 minor protein gp3 (197-406) through a linker GGGS by inserting both the hirudin gene and the gp8 signal sequence into the modified phagemid vector pCANTAB 5V to construct pCANTAB 5G8-Hir. The expressed fusion protein was directed by gp8 signal peptide into the periplasm and assembled to the phage particle to form the hirudin-phage. The fusion protein and fusion phage were detected with biotin-thrombin by Western blotting analysis. Antithrombin activity analysis confirmed that the hirudin portion in the fusion protein and fusion phage bear similar native conformation. The successful display of hirudin on the surface of M13 phage laid a sound foundation for the further study on directed evolution of antithrombotic proteins with altered properties.
Insulin-like growth factor I in follicular development and function in postpartum beef cows. (1991)

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrition affects follicular growth and(or) steroid and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations in follicular fluid. Beginning 6 d after calving, Hereford-cross cows (n = 28) were fed either 14 (ad libitum) or 7 (restricted) kganimal1d−1 of chopped alfalfa-brome hay. Half the cows in each treatment were ovariectomized on d 20 (OVX-20) and the remaining half on d 35 (OVX-35) postpartum. Cow weight and condition score were recorded weekly, and blood was collected thrice weekly for determination of insulin, IGF-I, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. At ovariectomy, follicular fluid from each follicle ≥ 4 mm in diameter was aspirated for determination of IGF-I, progesterone (P4), and estradiol-17ß (E2) concentrations. Restricted cows lost more weight after calving than did ad libitum cows (P< .0001), although all cows lost similar amounts of body condition (time postpartum, P = .008). Concentrations of FFA were elevated (P < .0001) in restricted cows from wk 2 through 5 after calving but did not change with time in ad libitum cows. Plasma concentrations of glucose were lower in restricted than in ad libitum cows (59.6 ± .4 vs 61.8 ± .4 mg/dl; P = .05), but insulin and IGF-I were similar (P > .10) between dietary treatments. Restricted cows had less (P< .05) follicular fluid volume in both medium-sized (7 to 9.9 mm) and large (≥ 10 mm) follicles and had smaller (P< .05) medium-sized follicles than did ad libitum cows. Restricted cows had greater (P < .05) follicular fluid concentrations of E2 in small (4 to 6.9 mm) and large follicles than did ad libitum cows. Follicular fluid concentrations of P4 and IGF-I were not affected (P > .10) by dietary treatment, day of ovariectomy, or follicle size class. We concluded that nutrient restriction altered follicular growth during the postpartum period, which was not reflected by changes in the follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-I.
The synthesis of aldehydes by means of a modified Rosenmund reduction of acid chlorides (1981)

Abstract Aliphatic as well as aromatic acid chlorides are reduced smoothly into aldehydes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by hydrogenation, using palladium on carbon as the catalyst, acetone or ethyl acetate as solvent and ethyldiisopropylamine as hydrogen chloride acceptor. The reaction has a high selectivity and under the conditions used, no over‐reduction nor reduction of aromatic rings, of nitro and chloro substituents in benzoyl chlorides, or double bonds in cinnamoyl chlorides, was observed. The selectivity is probably the result of a combination of factors, such as selective adsorption of the acid chloride on the catalyst (with respect to the aldehyde) and partial poisoning of the catalyst surface by co‐adsorption of ethyldiisopropylamine and its hydrochloride.
The inhibitory effects of the molluscicide metaldehyde on feeding, locomotion and faecal elimination of three pest species of terrestrial slug (1988)

SUMMARY Single meals on maize flour pellets containing 0, 0·5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8% metaldehyde were analysed in Arion hortensis (agg), Deroceras reticulatum and Deroceras caruanae , by attaching the pellets to a mechanical transducer from which signals were ultimately fed into a BBC microcomputer for on‐line analysis. Post‐feeding tests were used to investigate toxic effects of metaldehyde and the recovery of slugs was examined daily for 7 days. Bite rates were slightly lower and more irregular on metaldehyde meals especially in A. hortensis. The meal length and number of bites per meal were markedly inhibited by metaldehyde and inversely proportional to the concentration. The size of the bites was also reduced, by about 30%, in meals on 6% pellets compared with 0%. Clear symptoms of poisoning became evident during the meal or normally in the 16‐min test period immediately afterwards. In these tests slugs which fed on metaldehyde pellets showed a disruption of their ability to right themselves (after being placed on their side), less activity and a reduced probability of accepting a ‘dummy’ pellet containing no metaldehyde. It is hypothesised that feeding is prematurely terminated primarily because of the toxic effects of the metaldehyde and that aversion also acts to terminate the meal early, by decreasing the probability of continuing to feed as the meal proceeds. At higher concentrations of metaldehyde aversion may be more important than the toxic effects in ending the meal. Faecal elimination is delayed after metaldehyde meals and this contributes to mortality. The estimated lethal doses were about 0·2 mg/g body weight of slug in Deroceras spp. A. hortensis was less susceptible. To increase the likelihood of a lethal dose being ingested the inhibition of feeding needs to be overcome, at least partly, and the results presented indicate the need for a bait formulation which reduces the rate of absorption of the molluscicide from the gut.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in intensive care patients (2007)

HIT affects <1% of ICU patients even though 30-50% develop thrombocytopenia. The choice of the optimal alternative anticoagulant depends on patient characteristics. Many ICU patients require lower doses of alternative anticoagulant than those recommended by the manufacturer.
Primary Structure of the Thermosome fromThermoplasma acidophilum (1995)

The thermosome, a chaperonin from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum, consists of two subunits (M(r) 58,000 and 60,000) which assemble into a cylindrical complex of pseudo eight-fold rotational symmetry. The sequences of the two subunits are approximately 60% identical to each other and to TF55 from Sulfolobus shibatae, and are 30-40% identical to the subunits of the TCP1 containing ring complex (TRiC) from the eukaryotic cytosol. A dendrogram of this family of chaperonins contains eight eukaryotic branches of TRiC subunits and one archaebacterial branch of thermosome subunits. Alignment of thermosome/TRiC sequences with eubacterial and eukaryotic Hsp60 sequences reveals a statistically significant similarity in two large N- and C-terminal blocks of sequence. Based on this alignment and on the recently published crystal structure of GroEL, we propose that subunits of the thermosome/TRiC family of chaperonins have a similar equatorial domain and overall domain topology as GroEL but differ in the structure of the apical domain.
Sliding Contact Dynamic Force Spectroscopy Method for Interrogating Slowly Forming Polymer Cross-Links (2016)

Dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), conducted most commonly using AFM, has become a widespread and valuable tool for understanding the kinetics and thermodynamics of fundamental molecular processes such as ligand-receptor interactions and protein unfolding. Where slowly forming bonds are responsible for the primary characteristics of a material, as is the case in cross-links in some polymer gels, care must be taken to ensure that a fully equilibrated bond has first formed before its rupture can be interpreted. Here we introduce a method, sliding contact force spectroscopy (SCFS), that effectively eliminates the kinetics of bond formation from the measurement of bond rupture. In addition, it permits bond rupture measurements in systems where one of the binding partners may be introduced into solution prior to binding without tethering to a surface. Taking as an example of a slowly forming bond, the "eggbox" junction cross-links between oligoguluronic acid chains (oligoGs) in the commercially important polysaccharide alginate, we show that SCFS accurately measures the equilibrated bond strength of the cross-link when one chain is introduced into the sample solution without tethering to a surface. The results validate the SCFS technique for performing single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments and show that it has advantages in cases where the bond to be studied forms slowly and where tethering of one of the binding partners is impractical.
Changes in Serotonin Metabolism during Treatment with the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Disulfiram and Cyanamide (1995)

The effect of the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors disulfiram (Antabuse) and cyanamide (calcium carbimide, Dipsan) on the metabolism of serotonin measured as relative amounts of the metabolites 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol in urine were studied in alcoholic patients. Sixteen out of 23 patients receiving drug therapy showed elevated excretion of 5-hydroxytryptophol. However, there was a marked, 15-fold, variability in 5-hydroxytryptophol excretion rate between patients. A high degree of variability was also seen in another group of patients studied before and after introduction of drug therapy. When patients were followed during the dose interval, a time-dependent response after each single dose could be observed. The disulfiram response lasted over the course of several days whereas the response to cyanamide lasted for less than 12 hr. It is concluded that treatment with disulfiram and cyanamide affects serotonin metabolism leading to increased production of 5-hydroxytryptophol, but there is a marked inter-individual variability in degree of response.
Revision of the Stereochemistry of Batzelladine F. Approaches to the Tricyclic Hydroxyguanidine Moiety of Batzelladines G, H, and I (1999)

The polycyclic guanidine alkaloids batzelladines F-I isolated from a Jamaican sponge of the genus Batzella in 1997 are of potential value for the treatment of AIDS because they induce p56lck-CD4 dissociation at micromolar concentrations. Comparison of the spectral data for both the synthetic syn and anti tricyclic left-hand portions of batzelladine F establishes that the natural product has the syn rather than the anti stereochemistry originally assigned. Approaches to the tricyclic hydroxyguanidine moiety of batzelladines G-I are described.
Clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas: are their differences attributable to distinct cells of origin? (2017)

Endometrial epithelium is the presumed tissue of origin for both eutopic and endometriosis-derived clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas. We had previously hypothesized that the morphological, biological and clinical differences between these carcinomas are due to histotype-specific mutations. Although some mutations and genomic landscape features are more likely to be found in one of these histotypes, we were not able to identify a single class of mutations that was exclusively present in one histotype and not the other. This lack of genomic differences led us to an alternative hypothesis that these cancers could arise from distinct cells of origin within endometrial tissue, and that it is the cellular context that accounts for their differences. In a proteomic screen, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) as a marker for clear cell carcinoma, as it is expressed at high levels in clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium. In the current study, we analysed normal Müllerian tissues, and found that CTH is expressed in ciliated cells of endometrium (both eutopic endometrium and endometriosis) and fallopian tubes. We then demonstrated that other ciliated cell markers are expressed in clear cell carcinomas, whereas endometrial secretory cell markers are expressed in endometrioid carcinomas. The same differential staining of secretory and ciliated cells was demonstrable in a three-dimensional organoid culture system, in which stem cells were stimulated to differentiate into an admixture of secretory and ciliated cells. These data suggest that endometrioid carcinomas are derived from cells of the secretory cell lineage, whereas clear cell carcinomas are derived from, or have similarities to, cells of the ciliated cell lineage. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A star pattern recognition algorithm for satellite attitude determination (2012)

To determine the satellite attitude in space, various attitude sensors are used. Among them, the most accurate sensor is the star tracker. In this paper, a novel star pattern recognition algorithm in the “lost in space” mode is presented. The proposed method improves the searching speed by arranging the large star catalogue using a search tree data structure. To further improve the processing speed, the star image is processed at the grid level instead of pixel level. The results from the study demonstrate that the proposed approach has significantly reduced the average run-time by 50% as compared to the conventional methods while still achieve slightly better star recognition accuracy at 95.07%.
Evaluation of antibodies to β2‐glycoprotein 1 in the causation of coronary atherosclerosis as part of the antiphospholipid syndrome (1999)

Our study has not supported an association between anti-beta2GP1 and CAD. The measurement of anti-beta2GP1 (or aCL) in the investigation of premature CAD is not justified on the basis of our results.