gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-sensor foveated imaging system (2008)

Conventional imaging techniques adopt a rectilinear sampling approach, where a finite number of pixels are spread evenly across an entire field of view (FOV). Consequently, their imaging capabilities are limited by an inherent trade-off between the FOV and the resolving power. In contrast, a foveation technique allocates the limited resources (e.g., a finite number of pixels or transmission bandwidth) as a function of foveal eccentricities, which can significantly simplify the optical and electronic designs and reduce the data throughput, while the observer's ability to see fine details is maintained over the whole FOV. We explore an approach to a foveated imaging system design. Our approach approximates the spatially variant properties (i.e., resolution, contrast, and color sensitivities) of the human visual system with multiple low-cost off-the-shelf imaging sensors and maximizes the information throughput and bandwidth savings of the foveated system. We further validate our approach with the design of a compact dual-sensor foveated imaging system. A proof-of-concept bench prototype and experimental results are demonstrated.
Calibration of Tethered Particle Motion Experiments (2008)

The Tethered Particle Motion (TPM) method has been used to observe and characterize a variety of protein-DNA interactions including DNA looping and transcription. TPM experiments exploit the Brownian motion of a DNA-tethered bead to probe biologically relevant conformational changes of the tether. In these experiments, a change in the extent of the bead's random motion is used as a reporter of the underlying macromolecular dynamics and is often deemed sufficient for TPM analysis. However, a complete understanding of how the motion depends on the physical properties of the tethered particle complex would permit more quantitative and accurate evaluation of TPM data. For instance, such understanding can help extract details about a looped complex geometry (or multiple coexisting geometries) from TPM data. To better characterize the measurement capabilities of TPM experiments involving DNA tethers, we have carried out a detailed calibration of TPM magnitude as a function of DNA length and particle size. We also explore how experimental parameters such as acquisition time and exposure time affect the apparent motion of the tethered particle. We vary the DNA length from 200bp to 2.6kbp and consider particle diameters of 200, 490 and 970nm. We also present a systematic comparison between measured particle excursions and theoretical expectations, which helps clarify both the experiments and models of DNA conformation.
Economic Feasibility Study for Pavement Monitoring Using Synthetic Aperture Radar-Based Satellite Remote Sensing: Cost–Benefit Analysis (2017)

Recent developments in satellite remote sensing and the availability of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) products have created an opportunity for the use of SAR-based monitoring for pavement and infrastructure management. No previous studies have performed a detailed cost–benefit analysis to analyze the economic feasibility of pavement monitoring through the use of SAR-based satellite remote sensing. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap by proposing a comprehensive methodology to estimate the most important benefits and expenses associated with the use of data obtained from satellites by SAR and interferometric SAR for advanced monitoring of the infrastructure and to gain a better understanding of the strategies used to identify their effects. A general cost–benefit analysis framework that could serve as a pavement management tool for assessment of pavement deformations and deformation velocities with millimeter accuracy was developed. The results of a case study performed in the state of Delaware to demonstrate how the proposed approaches can be used to assess the impacts of SAR-based monitoring projects are also presented.
Measurement (2013)

Albert Einstein famously had a sign in his office that read: ‘Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.’ State failure sceptics agree, arguing that the phenomenon is so complex and the data so fragmentary (or non-existent) that accurate measurement is impossible. Optimists agree with Lord Kelvin that ‘To measure is to know.’ This chapter explores these two positions.
Carbon nanofiber flexible gas sensor modulated by UV light (2013)

Herein, we present a flexible gas sensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The sensing device was fabricated by means of low-cost techniques: inkjet printing and spray coating. Characterization on the use of ultraviolet (UV) light in order to modulate the sensor signal was performed. Sensor response and characteristics times (response time, τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">resp</sub> ; and recovery time, τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rec</sub> ) were fully characterized. UV illumination was also chosen to anneal the sensing active layer in the fabrication process and to fasten desorption of the gas adsorbed, achieving a stable sensor signal. Furthermore, better conditions of UV radiation to optimize τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">resp</sub> and τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rec</sub> were found.
Reply: Direct Detection of Circulating MicroRNAs Unveiled the Absence of MicroRNA-218-5p in Smoker Subjects (2017)

We thank Cione and Gallelli for their interest in our work concerning the role of in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1).We agree that investigating the contribution of microRNA (miRNA) to the pathogenesis of COPD is an attractive field (2-4).For clarity, we did not investigate the miRNA profile in lung biopsies but in lung tissue specimens from lobectomy or lung transplantation.Down-regulation of miR-218-5p in lung tissue from smokers and patients with COPD was first detected in a screening cohort of 30 patients and subsequently validated in a validation cohort of 71 patients and in bronchial biopsies of 19 patients.To address the concern of Cione and Gallelli about drugs affecting miR-218-5p expression, only 6 of 30 patients in the screening cohort were using inhaled corticosteroids, and linear regression analysis could not demonstrate an effect of the treatment on the expression of miR-218-5p.For the quantification of miRNA expression in human lung tissue, we used the stem-loop reverse transcriptasequantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method, as this approach has both high sensitivity and specificity (5, 6).Although we did not investigate the expression of miR-218-5p in blood, several studies reported miR-218 levels in plasma or serum, using RT-qPCR (7-9).We regret that Cione and Gallelli are not able to detect miR-218-5p levels in serum in their limited cohort of smokers.Because detection of miRNA levels is highly technology dependent, it is crucial to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed nCounter Flex System (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA), a hybridization-based miRNA quantification platform (10).Recently, the performance of different miRNA quantification platforms has been extensively evaluated in the miRQC (microRNA Quality Control) study ( 6).In this study, the sensitivity of the individual platforms was investigated by evaluating the number of detected miRNAs in serum RNA samples.Detection rates in serum RNA were highly variable among platforms, with qPCR platforms displaying higher sensitivity compared with hybridization-based platforms.Although the nCounter Flex System was included in the miRQC study, NanoString did not profile the serum samples, so the detection specificity and sensitivity of this platform in serum could therefore not be assessed.Regarding the functional effect of miR-218-5p, in vitro and in vivo perturbation experiments demonstrated that a reduced expression of miR-218-5p likely contributes to cigarette smokeinduced inflammation (1), providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of COPD.
Auto-Assembling Detoxified Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Hemolysin Mimicking the Wild-Type Cytolytic Toxin (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (Hla) assembles into heptameric pores on the host cell membrane, causing lysis, apoptosis, and junction disruption. Herein, we present the design of a newly engineered S. aureus alpha-toxin, HlaPSGS, which lacks the predicted membrane-spanning stem domain. This protein is able to form heptamers in aqueous solution in the absence of lipophilic substrata, and its structure, obtained by transmission electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction analysis, resembles the cap of the wild-type cytolytic Hla pore. HlaPSGS was found to be impaired in binding to host cells and to its receptor ADAM10 and to lack hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. Immunological studies using human sera as well as sera from mice convalescent from S. aureus infection suggested that the heptameric conformation of HlaPSGS mimics epitopes exposed by the cytolytic Hla pore during infection. Finally, immunization with this newly engineered Hla generated high protective immunity against staphylococcal infection in mice. Overall, this study provides unprecedented data on the natural immune response against Hla and suggests that the heptameric HlaPSGS is a highly valuable vaccine candidate against S. aureus.
Risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in swine herds in Quebec (1999)

Based on the generic HACCP plan for swine production developed by the Canadian Pork Council, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada and provincial authorities, a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the relationship between the application of good production practices and the presence of Salmonella in swine herds. Seventy eight finishing units were sampled (n=l5) at 2 different occasions to detect the presence of Salmonella in fecal material and in the environment. Each producer was asked to answer 20 questions and their answers were validated by a veterinarian during the herd sampling. Salmonella was found in 16 out of 28 herds. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of multiple sources for the purchase of incoming animals was correlated with the presence of salmonella in herds. Reduction of the number of sources for incoming animals should thus be considered in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Salmonella in swine herds.
Strobe & Edge Correlator Multipath Mitigation for Code (1996)

GPS multipath effects occur when reflected satellite
signals (from surfaces around or under the antenna)
interfere with the direct satellite signal. Multipath causes
receivers to make inaccurate measurements, or even lose
lock on the signal. Multipath conditions are always
present. For high precision Diiferential GPS, multipath is
usually the single largest source of error.
Ashtech has developed three new correlator schemes
which are now implemented in new receivers to satisfy the
multipath mitigation objectives for all applications.
Edge CorrelatorTM is an enhancement of AshtechB’s
proven Super CIA technique for reducing multipath on
code.
Strobe CorrelatorTM is a totally new and revolutionary idea
that uses a very simple hardware structure and onty one
extra correlator for a better code tracking.
Enhanced Strobe CorrelationTM also uses a very simple
hardware structure and three extra correlators, and
provides multipath mitigation for both code and carrier.
The Strobe Correlation techniques (patent pending)
provide the best muhipath mitigation available. Strobe
Correlation consumes less than 1 watt of power, totally
removes the effect of far multipath and substantially
reduces the effect of near multipath.
The paper focuses on Edge and Strobe Correlator
techniques comparing them to the One-Chip Wide and
Narrow Correlator technologies in a multipath mitigation
perspective. Results will be shown for simulations and
real-life applications.
Myelination Delay and Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome Caused by a Novel Mutation in the SLC16A2 Gene (2014)

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 16 member 2 (SLC16A2) gene. As SLC16A2 encodes the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), a thyroid hormone transporter, patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome present a specific altered thyroid hormone profile. Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome has been associated with myelination delay on the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of affected subjects. We report a patient with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, and delayed myelination caused by a novel SLC16A2 mutation (p.L291R). The thyroid hormones profile in our patient was atypical for Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. The follow-up examinations showed that the progression of the myelination was not accompanied by a clinical improvement. Our paper suggests that SLC16A2 mutations should be investigated in patients with myelination delay even when the thyroid function is not conclusively altered.
Role of FDG-PET/CT in the management of multiple myeloma and plasma cell dyscrasia (2014)

1338 Learning Objectives 1. To review the epidemiology, pathology and patho-physiology of multiple myeloma. 2. To understand current staging classification and the roles of FDG-PET/CT in initial staging and therapy evaluation of multiple myeloma. 3. To understand the FDG-PET/CT evaluation of bone marrow background activity, focal bony lesions, extramedullary disease, infections, osteolytic lesions on CT scan and other pertinent findings for multiple myeloma patients with Bone Density, CT, MR, lab and pathological correlation. 4. To understand quantitative FDG-PET/CT parameters in relation of overall survival on patients with multiple myeloma. 5. To review FDG-PET/CT vs. NaF-PET/CT in the detection of myeloma-related bone lesions. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy after Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and the most common primary bone marrow malignancy. Until recently, conventional radiographic methods, and to some extent MRI have been employed as the mainstay of diagnosis, but whole-body FDG-PET/CT is rapidly emerging as the modality of choice for assessment of overall disease activity (skeletal and extramedullary), for treatment planning (both initially, and for subsequent response assessment), for follow up, and for differentiating among different plasma cell dyscrasia subtypes. In addition, PET provides prognostic information that is not achievable from structural modalities.
Introduction (2000)

This is the story of the Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina. It will be treated here as an important episode in the history of mid-twentieth-century British diplomacy. In a broader perspective, of course, it is the merest incident in the continuing tragedy of conflict in Indochina. That has already lasted longer, involved more nations, had wider repercussions and perhaps reshuffled more coalitions than the Thirty Years War in seventeenth-century Europe. And the Thirty Years War, modern historians insist, was misnamed. It could equally well have been called the Hundred Years War. In Indochina too, the dragon's teeth were sown long before the half century that saw, we hope, the worst of their harvest, but the bitter reaping is far from over. Americans, Australians, British, Chinese, French, Japanese, Koreans may each single out certain months or years as the period of their involvement in actual combat: most of the indigenous inhabitants now alive have never known a time when there was no fighting in Indochina. Many of them never will.KeywordsIndigenous InhabitantActual CombatBritish OfficialForeign LegionEuropean AllyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Introductory Essay: Endothelial Cell Coupling (2007)

Endothelial cells (ECs), by virtue of their location at the interface between the bloodstream and the vessel wall, must integrate bidirectional signaling inputs and generate appropriate responses. These responses in turn can affect both EC interaction with the flowing blood and the circulating blood cells, as well as affect the function of the vessel wall. Thus, these deceptively simple looking cells are charged with a highly complex task of responding to and modifying the behavior of the liquid phase (plasma) and the solid phase (vessel wall) environments.
Open Access to Scientific Publications (2004)

Like many of my contemporaries, I subscribe to a dozen or so journals and my major lament in the past was that I could never find the newest issues. They invariably wandered to the laboratory, as they exchanged hands between inquisitive graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. In the last few years, however, I have noticed that most of the newest arrivals now sit unwrapped in my office. What has happened? Near universal access to the Internet, institutional subscriptions to journals, and PubMed Central now allow students to browse through most journals online long before the printed edition is available.
Hot rolling of sheet and strip: aluminium and aluminium alloys (1975)

A modern hot line for hot-rolling aluminium and its alloys consists of a wide single-stand 4-high ‘breaking-down’ mill capable of cross-rolling long ingots of up to 660 mm thickness, and a multistand hot-finishing mill with integral slitter and coiler. The effects of weight per unit width, total width, and rolling speeds on the yield and productivity from such a mill are discussed. Metallurgical properties are controlled by ingot homogenization and roll-pass schedules, whereas surface quality is affected by ingot quality, scalping, and control of the roll coolant composition and temperature. Trends in customers' requirements are for larger coils in common and complex alloys and for stronger, thinner material. It is suggested that in future large tonnages of limited ranges of such commodities may be fabricated on specialized hot mills with limited provision for cross rolling; alternatively, continuously cast slab may be converted to wide thin strip.
Groundwater characteristics in the shallow aquifers of Huhhot region in Inner Mongolia, PR China : Implications on the mobilisation of arsenic (2006)

Elevated arsenic (As) concentration ingroundwater is becoming a worldwide problem. In Huhhot Alluvial Basin (HAB) in 
Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic ofChina, a population of over a million isexp ...
Organization of Self-Assembled Peptide−Polymer Nanofibers in Solution (2008)

The solution structure and the aggregation behavior of stiff polymer−peptide nanofibers, self-assembled from well-defined poly(ethylene oxide)−peptide conjugates are described. Aqueous solutions at different concentrations of core−shell nanofibers were investigated by cryo-fixation transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Both methods show the presence of stiff, extended nanofibers in dilute solution, providing nanodimensions for the fiber cross section, which are in good agreement with previously shown investigations on dried and deposited fibers. Moreover the previously suggested core−shell character of the fiber cross section could be verified by SANS density profiles. In concentrated solutions exceeding 2 mg/mL, the nanofibers tended to further organize into nematic “bundles”. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) indeed shows birefringence of the solutions and typical Schlieren textures in shear oriented films, consistent with high aspect ratio nanofibers. The results of this investigation are discussed in the context of the Flory theory of rigid rods.
Evidence That the Intracellular Pool of Tyrosine Serves as Precursor for Protein Synthesis in Muscle (1973)

Several investigators suggested that labeled amino acids are incorporated into protein without first equilibrating with the intracellular pool. Experiments were performed to determine if the intracellular or extracellular [14C]tyrosine represented the precursor for protein synthesis in muscle. Four pieces of rat diaphragm were incubated in the same concentration of [3H]leucine but in different concentrations of [14C]tyrosine. The rates of [3H]leucine incorporation were similar in all the muscles, indicating similar rates of protein synthesis. The 14C counts in protein increased with increasing tyrosine concentrations in the medium, but the moles of tyrosine incorporated into protein were similar only when the counts in protein were divided by the intracellular specific activity. In other experiments muscles were incubated with [3H]leucine and [14C]tyrosine, and then transferred to medium containing [3H]leucine and unlabeled tyrosine. The rate of tyrosine incorporation agreed with leucine incorporation only when calculations used the intracellular tyrosine specific activity. Therefore, the free intracellular tyrosine resembled a precursor for protein synthesis, while the extracellular did not. However, this conclusion did not hold during very short incubations or incubations with low concentrations of tyrosine in the medium, for reasons suggested herein.
Effects of olefin addition on synthesis gas conversion over Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (1982)

Product distributions in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis are modelled fairly well by simple, irreversible polymerization kinetics, with a constant chain growth probability with changing chain length. A major discrepancy is low C/sub 2/ yields during synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, associated with selective reincorporation of ethylene in the chain growth process. With major addition of olefins, such as ethylene, synthesis can be directed toward stoichiometric addition (hydroformylation). And at still higher levels of olefin, hydropolymerization occurs. Intervention of a strong olefin conversion function, such as the ZSM-5 zeolite, can sharply alter the product distribution. This demonstrates the importance of olefins as intermediates in the chain growth process; accurate models must account for reversibility of olefin formation.
The atomic structure of nanotubes synthesized from a carbon mix of high reaction ability (2003)

The surface of carbon nanotubes was studied on an atomic resolution level in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating under atmospheric conditions. The nanotubes were synthesized from a carbon mix of high reaction ability. Factors determining distortion of the STM image are analyzed and the main parameters (chiral angle and diameter) of nanotubes are calculated.
RuO2/TiO2 photocatalysts prepared via a hydrothermal route: Influence of the presence of TiO2 on the reactivity of RuO2 in the artificial photosynthesis reaction (2021)

The incorporation of TiO2 (at two different loadings) with plasmonic RuO2 nanoparticles (with an average size of (3 ± 0.7) nm) to form nanocomposites is studied. XRD results show that RuO2 is formed in the rutile phase, while high levels of TiO2 forms the rutile phase and lower levels form the anatase phase. XRD also confirms doping of TiO2 with Ru atoms and vice versa (doping of RuO2 with Ti atoms) in the nanocomposites. The effect of TiO2 incorporation on the reactivity of RuO2 in the artificial photosynthesis reaction under visible light (which TiO2 cannot absorb) is dramatic. The activities of the catalysts (once TiO2 is included in the composite) significantly increase, and the selectivity of the reactions change with the formation of CH4 and adsorbed hydrocarbonaceous species found alongside the CO + O2 formed over pure RuO2 catalysts. This is ascribed to the generation of a heterojunction interface in the composite material. Following the absorption of visible light, hot electrons (derived from the RuO2 plasmon) become sufficiently energetic to be transferred to the TiO2 CB. From this level the electrons can generate nascent hydrogen which subsequently reacts with (and reduces) adsorbed CO2 molecules.