gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extravasated Fluid in Hip Arthroscopy and Pain: Is Quadratus Lumborum Block the Answer? (2017)

To the Editor We read with interest the article by Haskins et al1 on the use of point-of-care ultrasound to identify intra-abdominal fluid extravasation (IAFE) after hip arthroscopy. The authors found a 16% incidence of IAFE and, most notably, an association with increased postoperative pain and opiate requirements. That association suggests a role for loss of integrity of the hip capsule and/or peritoneal irritation from the intra-abdominal extravasation of irrigation fluid in the not insignificant problem of pain after hip arthroscopy. That 16%, however, may represent only the tip of the iceberg. Branney et al2 found that only 10% of the time were intra-abdominal fluid volumes of <400 mL detected by ultrasound, and that the mean detectable volume was 619 mL. Therefore, if 16% of patients have point-of-care ultrasound-detectable intraperitoneal fluid, then it is likely that a substantial percentage of hip arthroscopy patients have some degree of intra-abdominal extravasation of irrigation fluid. That frequency and the association of IAFE with postoperative pain suggest that this may be an important, common, and heretofore unrecognized component of the pain after hip arthroscopy. Various regional techniques have been reported for postoperative analgesia after hip arthroscopy, including local infiltration, lumbar plexus block, femoral nerve block, fascia iliaca block, and lumbar paravertebral blocks. We have previously reported the use of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) for analgesia after hip fracture repair and total hip replacement.3,4 Our successful experience with QLB for these surgeries has led to its becoming our standard regional technique for them. Based on that experience, we have, for the past year, also used QLB routinely for postoperative analgesia in outpatient hip arthroscopy. The QLB has a number of advantages. It is easy to learn, easy and quick to perform, well tolerated by patients, and avoids side effects such as hypotension, urinary retention, or weakness of quadriceps or hip flexors—all of which promote early ambulation and discharge. Still, the analgesic efficacy of QLB in hip arthroscopy has been something of a pleasant puzzlement. This article by Haskins et al1 struck us as a revelation that may provide the explanation: abdominal/pelvic analgesia in addition to analgesia of the hip (QLB dermatomal coverage typically extends caudally to L2 or L3). A QLB, because it can provide analgesia to the abdomen and pelvis, as well as to the hip, may be uniquely suited to use in hip arthroscopy. Perhaps now we know why. Bruce Ben-David, MDDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh, Pennsylvania Luca La Colla, MDDepartment of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurham, North Carolina[email protected]
Influence of sulphates on chloride diffusion and the effect of this on service life prediction of concrete in a submerged marine environment (2012)

Single-ion attack by chlorides and multi-ion attack by chlorides and sulphates were compared with respect to the full probabilistic service life prediction of concrete structures, according to fib Bulletin 34. Especially the influence of sulphates on the chloride diffusion coefficient was investigated more thoroughly. Four concrete mixtures were tested, two Portland cement concretes and two blast-furnace slag concretes. Migration tests and natural diffusion tests were executed, based on NT build 492 and NT Build 443, respectively. Consequently, chloride migration and chloride diffusion coefficients were calculated. Based on the experimental results, the difference between both diffusion coefficients, measured after single-ion attack of chlorides as well as after multi-ion attack of chlorides and sulphates, is obtained. Finally, an input parameter was added to the service life prediction model taking into account the effect of the sulphate content. Additionally, the ageing factor and the transfer parameter were modified.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrrolo(3,2‐c)quinoline‐6,9‐diones and 11H‐Indolo(3,2‐c)quinoline‐1,4‐diones Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract Treatment of the hydrazinoquinolinamine (IX), which is synthesized from the 4‐quinolinone (I) as outlined in the reaction scheme, with the ketones (X) gives the hydrazones (XI).
Biomarker Discovery in Subclinical Mycobacterial Infections of Cattle (2009)

The discovery of these biomarkers has significant impact on the elucidation of pathogenesis of two mycobacterial diseases at the cellular and the molecular level and can be applied in the development of mycobacterium-specific diagnostic tools for the monitoring progression of disease, response to therapy, and/or vaccine based interventions.
Gene trapping of the Arabidopsis genome with a firefly luciferase reporter (2003)

Experiments with gene-trap vectors containing the firefly luciferase (LUC) reporter genes were carried out with the aim of analyzing functions of the Arabidopsis genome. Studies with protein fusion-type trap vectors as well as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-assisted non-fusion-type vector revealed that both types of vectors were suitable for gene trapping in Arabidopsis, although there were some differences in trapping efficiencies. The established trap lines were subjected to analyses for light responses, demonstrating the powerful and unique applications of a LUC-trapping system. A systematic survey of the insertion sites of the T-DNAs in LUC-expressing lines revealed 12-41% gene-trapping efficiencies depending on the vector. We demonstrate that the LUC-trapping system provides a unique system with which to monitor temporal expression of plant genes.
SiN-SOI Multilayer Platform for Prospective Applications at 2 μm (2019)

Silicon photonics at the 2 μm waveband, specifically the 1.9 μm wavelength region is strategically imperative. This is due to its infrastructural compatibility (i.e., thulium-doped fiber amplifier, hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber) in enabling communications, as well as its potential to enable a wide range of applications. While the conventional Silicon-on-Insulator platform permits passive/active functionalities, it requires stringent processing due to high-index contrast. On the other hand, SiN can serve to reduce waveguiding losses via its moderate-index contrast. In this work, by demonstrating SiN passives and Si-SiN interlayer coupler with favorable performance, we extend the Si-SiN platform to the 1.9 μm wavelength region. We report waveguide propagation loss of 2.32 dB/cm. Following, trends in radiation loss with regards to bending radius is analyzed. A high performance 3-dB power splitter with insertion loss and bandwidth of 0.05 dB and 55 nm (1935-1990 nm) respectively is introduced. Lastly, Si-SiN transition loss as low as 0.04 dB is demonstrated.
Novel host material for highly efficient blue phosphorescent OLEDs (2007)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel silane–fluorene hybrid, triphenyl-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)silane (TPSi-F), used as the host material for blue phosphorescent devices. TPSi-F is constructed by linking p-substituted tetraphenylsilane to the fluorene framework through a non-conjugated, sp3-hybridized carbon atom (C-9) to enhance thermal and morphological stabilities, while maintaining the much needed higher singlet and triplet energy gap. Highly efficient sky-blue phosphorescent OLEDs were obtained when employing TPSi-F as the host and iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′] (FIrpic) as the guest. The maximum external quantum efficiency (max. E.Q.E.) of this device reached as high as 15% (30.6 cd A−1). Furthermore, upon switching the guest from FIrpic to a new blue phosphor FIrfpy, better blue-emitting OLEDs were produced with a max. E.Q.E. of 9.4% (15.1 cd A−1). These TPSi-F based blue phosphorescent devices show a 2-fold enhancement in device efficiency compared with reference devices based on the conventional host material 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP).
Application of AEAM (Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management) to Water Resource Management: A Case Example - Water Quality Management in the Latrobe River (1993)

Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management (AEAM) is a technique for the development and evaluation of policy/management options for dealing with complex natural resource management problems. It uses a structured workshop procedure to bring together researchers, managers, policy analysts and community members to synthesise existing information and produce an integrated computer simulation model of the system. This can describe the environmental, economic and social effects of management actions and is used to develop and compare various management scenarios. This paper describes the application of AEAM technique in the development of a water quality management strategy for the Latrobe River in Victoria. It discusses the value and limitations of the resulting model. It describes how the development of computer-based problem solving provides a focus for the building links between group members and developing commitment to the project. The overall benefits of the approach are the efficient synthesis of available data, the identification of significant information gaps, the development of creative management options and an overall consensus within the group on the expected outcomes of the process.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Bacterioferritin (BfrB)–Ferredoxin (Bfd) Complex Kill Biofilm-Embedded Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cells (2020)

Bacteria depend on a well-regulated iron homeostasis to survive adverse environments. A key component of the iron homeostasis machinery is the compartmentalization of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in bacterioferritin and its subsequent mobilization as Fe<sup>2+</sup> to satisfy metabolic requirements. In <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Fe<sup>3+</sup> is compartmentalized in bacterioferritin (BfrB), and its mobilization to the cytosol requires binding of a ferredoxin (Bfd) to reduce the stored Fe<sup>3+</sup> and release the soluble Fe<sup>2+</sup>. Blocking the BfrB-Bfd complex in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> by deletion of the <i>bfd</i> gene triggers an irreversible accumulation of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in BfrB, concomitant cytosolic iron deficiency and significant impairment of biofilm development. Herein we report that small molecules developed to bind BfrB at the Bfd binding site block the BfrB-Bfd complex, inhibit the mobilization of iron from BfrB in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> cells, elicit a bacteriostatic effect on planktonic cells, and are bactericidal to cells embedded in mature biofilms.
Development and validation of the Patient‐Physician Relationship Scale among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2017)

We describe the development and validation of the first questionnaire for use in measuring patient expectations of the PPR, which can be used for future outcomes studies and training physicians.
Biochemical Changes in Human Cervical Connective Tissue after Local Application of Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (1983)

Intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 in the late first trimester induces (1) softening of the cervix tissue; (2) increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycans (18 +/- 12%, mean +/- SEM); (3) no change in hyaluronic acid and water; (4) decrease in pepsin-extractable collagen, and (5) apparent decrease in collagenase. A high activity of collagenase in combination with a replacement of collagen with sulfated glycosaminoglycans may be of importance for the ripening process.
Adjuvant sunitinib in patients with high-risk renal cell carcinoma: safety, therapy management, and patient-reported outcomes in the S-TRAC trial (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00375674.
Role of rat intestinal brush-border membrane angiotensin-converting enzyme in dietary protein digestion (1987)

The role of rat intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; E.C 3.4.15.1) in the digestion and absorption of dietary protein was investigated. Enzyme activity was associated with the brush-border membrane fraction, with the highest activity in the proximal to midregion of the small intestine. Preliminary enzyme characterization studies were carried out using purified brush-border membrane preparations. When a variety of N-blocked synthetic peptides were used as potential substrates for ACE, activity was highest with those containing proline at the carboxy terminal position. The hydrolytic rates observed with these prolyl peptides were comparable to those observed when major digestive peptidases of the brush-border membrane such as aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV were assayed. When isolated rat jejunum was perfused in vivo with solutions of Bz-Gly-Ala-Pro, the dipeptide Ala-Pro was the main hydrolytic product detected in the perfusates. Absorption rates of the constituent amino acids, alanine and proline, depended on the concentration of peptide perfused. Captopril, an active site specific ACE inhibitor, significantly inhibited hydrolysis and absorption of constituent amino acids from Bz-Gly-Ala-Pro. These results show that intestinal brush-border membrane ACE functions as a digestive peptidase in addition to its role as a regulator of biologically active peptides in other tissues.
A pilot study of coronary angioplasty in outpatients. (1994)

Coronary angioplasty with miniature equipment passed through the brachial artery was a safe procedure with a high initial success rate. The results of this pilot trial suggest that with careful selection of patients before and after angioplasty PTCA can be performed safely in outpatients.
Comparison of power spectra for tomosynthesis projections and reconstructed images (2009)

Burgess et al. [Med. Phys. 28, 419-437 (2001)] showed that the power spectrum of mammographic breast background follows a power law and that lesion detectability is affected by the power-law exponent beta which measures the amount of structure in the background. Following the study of Burgess et al., the authors measured and compared the power-law exponent of mammographic backgrounds in tomosynthesis projections and reconstructed slices to investigate the effect of tomosynthesis imaging on background structure. Our data set consisted of 55 patient cases. For each case, regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted from both projection images and reconstructed slices. The periodogram of each ROI was computed by taking the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the ROI. The power-law exponent was determined for each periodogram and averaged across all ROIs extracted from all projections or reconstructed slices for each patient data set. For the projections, the mean beta averaged across the 55 cases was 3.06 (standard deviation of 0.21), while it was 2.87 (0.24) for the corresponding reconstructions. The difference in beta for a given patient between the projection ROIs and the reconstructed ROIs averaged across the 55 cases was 0.194, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The 95% CI for the difference between the mean value of beta for the projections and reconstructions was [0.170, 0.218]. The results are consistent with the observation that the amount of breast structure in the tomosynthesis slice is reduced compared to projection mammography and that this may lead to improved lesion detectability.
Evaluation of carbodine, the carbocyclic analog of cytidine, and related carbocyclic analogs of pyrimidine nucleosides for antiviral activity against human influenza Type A viruses (1981)

Carbodine, the carbocyclic analog of cytidine, was found to possess significant antiviral activity against influenza virus types A0/PR-8/34 and A2/Aichi/2/68 (Hong Kong) in vitro. The compound selectively inhibited PR-8 influenza virus-induced cytopathogenic effects in Madin-Darby canine kidney and inhibited Hong Kong influenza virus replication in primary rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration for inhibition of human influenza type A viruses by carbodine was approximately 2.6 microgram/ml (i.e., in the range of antiviral potency of ribavirin, but less potent than amantadine hydrochloride in concomitant assays). The fact that carbodine is metabolized to carbodine triphosphate in mammalian cells makes interference with the viral ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase reaction a likely possibility for its principal mode of action. The carbocyclic analogs of uridine (the deamination product of carbodine), 2'-deoxycytidine, 3'-deoxycytidine, N,N-dimethylcytidine, N-methylcytidine, and some related carbocyclic analogs of pyrimidine nucleosides were inactive against PR-8 influenza virus in vitro. The combination of carbodine plus tetrahydrouridine was no more effective in vitro than carbodine alone, thus indirectly indicating that deamination of carbodine probably did not occur to a significant degree during the cell culture experiments. Although reproducibly active in vitro, carbodine did not exhibit any efficacy against lethal influenza virus infections in mice when administered by either the intraperitoneal or intranasal routes up to dose-limiting toxic levels.
2 Reading the Palimpsest: Contemporary Biochemical Data and the RNA World (1993)

The chemical behavior of contemporary living systems contains vestiges of the history of living chemistry on planet Earth. To read this “palimpsest” is a challenge of the first order (Benner et al. 1989). Some of the historical record has been written over by the demands of natural selection that have forced the evolution of new chemical structures to meet new biological challenges. Some has been lost in the noise arising from random events, the “neutral drift” that characterizes the structural divergence of biological molecules following the divergence of their host organisms (King and Jukes 1969; Kimura 1982). Some has undoubtedly been confused by lateral transfer of genetic information between phylogenetically distant organisms (Doolittle et al. 1990) and by “sequence convergence,” the independent emergence of polypeptide sequences that offer unique chemical solutions to particular biological problems. Three advances of the past decade have greatly improved our ability to deconvolute the information about earlier life forms written in the biological chemistry of contemporary organisms. First, substantial progress has been made toward an integration of structural theory from chemistry and evolutionary theory from biology (Benner and Ellington 1990b). The integrated theory allows us to proceed past the classic questions in biological chemistry (what happens at a chemical level in a living system) to ask why it happens. A number of questions in biological chemistry have been addressed within the context of the integrated theory, and models are now available to understand the evolutionary status of many molecular aspects of living systems. Most of...
The HER‐2/ neu Oncogene in Breast Cancer: Prognostic Factor, Predictive Factor, and Target for Therapy (1998)

The HER-2/neu oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor with extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. HER-2/neu has been widely studied in breast cancer. In this review, the association of HER-2/neu gene and protein abnormalities studied by Southern and slot blotting, immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with prognosis in breast cancer is studied in depth by review of a series of 47 published studies encompassing more than 15,000 patients. The relative advantages of gene amplification assays and frozen/fresh tissue immunohistochemistry over paraffin section immunohistochemistry are discussed. The significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in ductal carcinoma in situ and the HER-2/neu status in uncommon female breast conditions and male breast cancer are also considered. The potential value of HER-2/neu status for the prediction of response to therapy in breast cancer is presented in the light of a series of recently published studies showing a range of impact on the outcome of patients treated with hormonal, cytotoxic, and radiation therapies. The evidence that HER-2/neu gene and protein abnormalities in breast cancer predict resistance to tamoxifen therapy and relative sensitivity to chemotherapy regimens including adriamycin is presented. The review will also evaluate the status of serum-based testing for circulating the HER-2/neu receptor protein and its ability to predict disease outcome and therapy response. In the final section, the review will briefly present preliminary data concerning the use of antibody-based therapies directed against the HER-2/neu protein and their potential to become a new modality for breast cancer treatment. The recently presented phase III clinical trial evidence that systemic administration of anti-HER2 antibodies (Herceptin®), alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with HER-2/neu overexpressing primary tumors, can increase the time to recurrence and overall response rates in metastatic breast cancer is reviewed.
Reduced trapping effects and improved electrical performance in buried-gate 4H-SiC MESFETs (2003)

Surface effects on the current instability of 4H-SiC MESFETs were studied by comparing different surface structures. The current instability phenomenon was illustrated by bias sweeping methods and current recovery time measurements. A reduction in the current instability was observed for gate-recessed and buried-gate devices compared to the nonrecessed and channel-recessed devices. In addition, the buried-gate devices were found to have higher current density and breakdown voltage compared to the gate-recessed devices, resulting from their shorter effective gate length and lower electric field distribution under the gate, respectively. With high saturation current, high breakdown voltage, and much reduced surface effects, the buried-gate structure is a candidate for high-power SiC MESFETs.
An autonomous surface-aerial marsupial robotic team for riverine environmental monitoring: Benefiting from coordinated aerial, underwater, and surface level perception (2014)

This paper presents RIVERWATCH, an autonomous surface-aerial marsupial robotic team for riverine environmental monitoring. The robotic system is composed of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) piggybacking a multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with vertical takeoff and landing capabilities. The ASV provides the team with longrange transportation in all-weather conditions, whereas the UAV assures an augmented perception of the environment. The coordinated aerial, underwater, and surface level perception allows the team to assess navigation cost from the near field to the far field, which is key for safe navigation and environmental monitoring data gathering. The robotic system is validated on a set of field trials.
Comparison and Evaluation of Cardiac Biomarkers in Patients with Intermittent Claudication: Results from the CAVASIC Study (2013)

This study in a male cohort of patients with IC and age- and diabetes-matched controls indicates a significant association of high MR-proADM, MR-proANP, and CT-proET-1 concentrations with PAD. MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 provide additive information in comparison to NT-proBNP. Moreover, MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 significantly predict PAD in those patients and controls free from prevalent CVD.
Supplementary Data from Induction of Synthetic Lethality by Activation of Mitochondrial ClpP and Inhibition of HDAC1/2 in Glioblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Induction of Synthetic Lethality by Activation of Mitochondrial ClpP and Inhibition of HDAC1/2 in Glioblastoma