gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decompression of the Facial Nerve (1967)

SINCE THE 1920's when Bunnell and Balance and Duel<sup>1-3</sup>started to operate upon the facial nerve inside the temporal bone, there has seemed no reason why a good surgeon should not approach this nerve in order to cure its paralysis. The improvement of the technical possibilities has been enormous. The operation microscope with its excellent illumination, the drill used for many years for otosclerosis surgery, and a perfect anaesthesia, either local or general, have made the surgical approach of the fallopian canal a common procedure in the hands of some ear surgeons. It is the only rational treatment in many cases of facial paralysis, and there is now no reason to avoid the difficult anatomy of the petrous bone. Many other operations in the same domain are performed routinely by a great many otologists all over the world with great success and, alas, sometimes with trouble as we shall
Estimation of the Life of Synthetic Silica Glass under Long Time Irradiation by ArF Excimer Laser (1999)

The life of synthetic silica glass under ArF excimer laser irradiation was estimated in relation to the laser energy density by in-situ photoabsorption measurements under exposure to more than 10 7 shots. Dissolved hydrogen increases the life whereas OH in the glass scarcely influences it. Usual photomask glass is found to be tolerable to more than 10 11 shots at 0.1 mJ/cm 2 of laser irradiation intensity.
aP2 Protein Expression as a Diagnostic Marker in Soft Tissue Tumours (2001)

The aP2 gene product (aP2 protein) is known to be expressed by preadipocytes and other immature fat cells in vitro. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against an 18 amino acid segment of the aP2 protein was found to react with lipoblasts and fetal fat cells in paraffin sections of soft tissue tumours of adipose differentiation. In this immunohistochemical study, we have further examined the diagnostic utility of aP2 expression in distinguishing tumours of adipose differentiation from other benign and malignant soft tissue tumours.Result and discussion aP2 was strongly expressed by lipoblasts in lipoblastomas and all types of liposarcoma as well as brown fat cells in hibernomas. Optimal conditions for immunohistochemical identification of lipoblasts in tumours of adipose differentiation was noted when the antibody was diluted 1:30 to 1:50. Small lipoblast-like fat cells in pleomorphic lipoma and spindle cell lipoma also showed variable staining for aP2 at this dilution of the antibody. Most benign and malignant soft tissue tumours were distinguished by their absence of staining for aP2 protein, but some cases of myxoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma contained tumour cells which reacted for aP2. aP2 protein expression is likely to prove a useful means of distinguishing lipoblasts in liposarcoma but it should be used as part of a tumour panel to exclude expression in other forms of mesenchymal tumour.
Application à la biologie synthétique des méthodes et outils de CAO de la microélectronique (2017)

Synthetic biology is an emerging science that aims to create new biological functions that do not exist in nature, based on the knowledge acquired in life science over the last century. Since the beginning of this century, several projects in synthetic biology have emerged. The complexity of the developed artificial bio-functions is relatively low so that empirical design methods could be used for the design process. Nevertheless, with the increasing complexity of biological circuits, this is no longer the case and a large number of computer aided design softwares have been developed in the past few years. These tools include languages for the behavioral description and the mathematical modelling of biological systems, simulators at different levels of abstraction, libraries of biological devices and circuit design automation algorithms. All of these tools already exist in other fields of engineering sciences, particularly in microelectronics. This is the approach that is put forward in this paper.
Nanoparticle-Stabilized Natural Gas Liquid-in-Water Emulsions for Residual Oil Recovery (2016)

Abstract Interest in silica nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions, especially those employing low-cost natural gas liquids (NGLs), has increased due to recent developments suggesting their use leads to improved conformance control and increased sweep efficiencies. When compared to conventional emulsion- stabilizing materials such as surfactants, nanoparticles are an inexpensive and robust alternative, offering stability over a wider range of temperature and salinity, while reducing environmental impact. Oil-in-water emulsions with an aqueous nanoparticle phase and either a pentane or butane oil phase at a 1:1 volume ratio were generated at varying salinities for the observations of several emulsion characteristics. The effects of salinity on the stability of silica nanoparticle dispersions and NGL emulsions were observed. Increasing the salinity of the aqueous nanoparticle phase resulted in an increase in effective nanoparticle size due to increased nanoparticle aggregation. Rheology tests and estimates of emulsion droplet sizes were performed. Shear-thinning behavior was observed for all emulsions. Furthermore, overall emulsion viscosity increased with salinity. Nanoparticle-stabilized liquid butane-in-water emulsions were also generated with varying brine concentrations; however, no rheology or droplet size measurements were made due to the volatility of these emulsions. Residual oil recovery coreflood experiments were conducted (using Boise Sandstone cores) with nanoparticle-stabilized pentane-in-water emulsions as injectant and light mineral oil as residual oil. A recovery of up to 82% residual oil was observed for these experiments. By continuously measuring the pressure drop across the core, a possible mechanism for enhanced oil recovery is proposed. Pentane emulsion coreflood tests indicated that at a slower injection rate, residual oil recovery increases. This contrasts viscous emulsion corefloods (mineral oil or Texaco white oil as the emulsion oil phase), where increasing the injection rate increases the residual oil recovery.
Extending Unbiased Stereology of Brain Ultrastructure to Three-dimensional Volumes (2001)

Reconstruction makes practicable volume-oriented analysis of ultrastructure using such techniques as the unbiased bricking and fractional counter methods. These analysis methods are less sensitive to the section-to-section variations in counts and section thickness, factors that contribute to the inaccuracy of other stereological methods. In addition, volume reconstruction facilitates visualization and modeling of structures and analysis of three-dimensional relationships such as synaptic connectivity.
The Usage of Two Dielectric Function Models (2006)

This paper presents an overview of the history,modifications,characteristics,and applications of two well known dielectric function models--the Forouhi-Bloomer model and the Tauc-Lorentz model--which have been widely used for the extraction and parameterization of optical constants in semiconductors and dielectrics.Based on analysis of their inherent characteristics and comparison via demonstrative examples,deeper and wider usage of the two models is predicted.
Catalytic activity tunable ceria nanoparticles prevent chemotherapy-induced acute kidney injury without interference with chemotherapeutics (2021)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and lethal adverse event that severely affects cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. It is correlated with the collateral damage to renal cells caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, ROS management is a practical strategy that can reduce the risk of chemotherapy-related AKI, but at the cost of chemotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report catalytic activity tunable ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) that can prevent chemotherapy-induced AKI without interference with chemotherapeutic agents. Specifically, in the renal cortex, CNPs exhibit catalytic activity that decomposes hydrogen peroxide, and subsequently regulate the ROS-involved genes by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. These restore the redox homeostasis for the protection of kidney tubules. Under an acidic tumor microenvironment, CNPs become inert due to the excessive H<sup>+</sup> that disrupts the re-exposure of active catalytic sites, allowing a buildup of chemotherapy-mediated ROS generation to kill cancer cells. As ROS-modulating agents, CNPs incorporated with context-dependent catalytic activity, hold a great potential for clinical prevention and treatment of AKI in cancer patients.
Die Inhaltsstoffe von Cimicifuga racemosa 4. Mitt.: Actein: Der Ring D und die Seitenkette (1968)

Abstract Für das Aglukon des Acteins, das Acetylacteol (I), wird durch chemischen Abbau und spektroskopische Befunde die Struktur des Ringes D und der Seitenkette bewiesen: ein Spiroketal (C‐23), dessen eine Sauerstoffbrücke am C‐16 des Ringes D endet. Der andere Sauerstoff des Ketals gehört gleichzeitig dem C‐27‐Halbacetal an. Das siebente Sauerstoffatom des Acetylacteols wird als Epoxid an C‐24/25 erkannt.
Qualia: A multilayer solution for QoE passive monitoring at the user terminal (2017)

This paper focuses on passive Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring at user end devices as a necessary activity of the ISP (Internet Service Provider) for an effective quality-based service delivery. The contribution of the work is threefold. Firstly, we highlight the opportunities and challenges for the QoE monitoring of the Over-The-Top (OTT) applications while investigating the available interfaces for monitoring the deployed applications at the end-device. Secondly, we propose a multilayer passive QoE monitor for OTT applications at the user terminal with ISPs prospect. Five layers are considered: user profile, context, resource, application and network layers. Thirdly, we consider YouTube as a case study for OTT video streaming applications in our experiments for analyzing the impact of the monitoring cycle on the user end device resources, such as the battery, RAM and CPU utilization at end user device.
Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification (2006)

Motivated by a recent report by Dickey et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 46, 2359 (2001)], who demonstrated optical property retrieval by using relative radiance measurements at a single position, we investigate the uniqueness of relative radiance measurements for quantifying the optical properties of turbid media by studying the solutions of the diffusion and P3 approximations of the Boltzmann transfer equation for a point source. Using the P3 approximation, we investigate the potential of radiance measurements for optical property recovery by examining the optical property response surface for point radiance information. We further derive first-order similarity relations for relative point radiance measurements and use these expressions to examine analytically the effects of noise on optical property retrieval over a wide range of optical properties typical of biological tissue. Finally, optimal experimental configurations are studied and explicit conditions for uniqueness derived that suggest potential strategies for improving optical property recovery. It is expected that point radiance measurements will prove valuable for both on-line treatment planning of minimally invasive laser therapies and optical characterization of tissues.
Distributed servers architecture for networked video services (2001)

In an on-demand video system, the video repository generally has limited streaming capacities and may be far from the users. In order to achieve higher user capacity and lower network transmission cost, distributed servers architecture can be used, in which multiple local servers are placed close to user pools and, according to their local demands, dynamically cache the contents streamed from the repository. We study a number of caching schemes as applied in the local servers depending on whether the repository is able to multicast movie contents to the local servers or not, and whether the local servers can exchange their cached contents among themselves or not. Our caching schemes keep a circular buffer of data for the movie requested, and hence movies are partially cached. By adjusting the size of the buffer, such caching is able to achieve better tradeoff between network channels and local storage as compared to the traditional caching in which a movie is treated as an entity. For each caching scheme, we study the tradeoff between the local storage and the network channels, and address how the total cost of the system can be minimized by appropriately sizing the buffer. As compared to a number of traditional operations (request batching and multicasting, true-VOD, etc.), we show that distributed servers architecture is able to achieve much lower system cost to offer on-demand video services.
AN ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED HIGH SPEED STREAK CAMERA (1962)

Abstract : The design and development of an electronically controlled high speed streak camera is described. The camera employs a magnetic suspension and drive mechanism which allows a prismatic mirror to be suspended without friction in a magnetic field and to be driven to extremely high rotational velocities. This provides the streak camea with a time resolution and controllability which could not be achieved by more conventional means. The design, development, and initial operation are described, but no performance data is available as technical and administrative problems forced termination of the project before it could be completed. (Author)
Long-Term Missing Value Imputation for Time Series Data Using Deep Neural Networks (2022)

We present an approach that uses a deep learning model, in particular, a MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP), for estimating the missing values of a variable in multivariate time series data. We focus on filling a long continuous gap (e.g., multiple months of missing daily observations) rather than on individual randomly missing observations. Our proposed gap filling algorithm uses an automated method for determining the optimal MLP model architecture, thus allowing for optimal prediction performance for the given time series. We tested our approach by filling gaps of various lengths (three months to three years) in three environmental datasets with different time series characteristics, namely daily groundwater levels, daily soil moisture, and hourly Net Ecosystem Exchange. We compared the accuracy of the gap-filled values obtained with our approach to the widely-used R-based time series gap filling methods ImputeTS and mtsdi. The results indicate that using an MLP for filling a large gap leads to better results, especially when the data behave nonlinearly. Thus, our approach enables the use of datasets that have a large gap in one variable, which is common in many long-term environmental monitoring observations.
Coherence Analysis of the Noise from a Simulated Highly-heated Laboratory-scale Jet (2019)

Measurements of full-scale high-performance military aircraft reveal phenomena that are not widely seen at laboratory scales. However, recent modifications to large eddy-simulation (LES) methods al...
Ring to the Rescue: Reducing Finger Discomfort With Narrow Barrel Flange Syringes (2022)

*Both authors are affiliated with the Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Short-channel effect in fully depleted SOI MOSFETs (1989)

The short-channel effect in fully depleted silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs has been studied by a two-dimensional analytical model and by computer simulation. The calculated values agree well with the simulation results. It is found that the vertical field through the depleted film strongly influences the lateral field across the source and drain regions. The short-channel effect can be significantly reduced by decreasing the silicon film thickness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Differential Effects of Prostaglandin D 2 Signaling on Macrophages and Microglia in Murine Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis (2021)

Microglia and macrophages initiate and orchestrate the innate immune response to central nervous system (CNS) virus infections. Microglia initiate neurotropic coronavirus clearance from the CNS, but the role of infiltrating macrophages is not well understood. Here, using mice lacking cell-specific expression of DP1, the receptor for prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> (PGD<sub>2</sub>), we delineate the relative roles of PGD<sub>2</sub> signaling in microglia and macrophages in murine coronavirus-infected mice. We show that the absence of PGD<sub>2</sub>/DP1 signaling on microglia recapitulated the suboptimal immune response observed in global DP1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Unexpectedly, the absence of the DP1 receptor on macrophages had an opposite effect, resulting in enhanced activation and more rapid virus clearance. However, microglia are still required for disease resolution, even when macrophages are highly activated, in part because they are required for macrophage recruitment to sites of infection. Together, these results identify key differences in the effects of PGD<sub>2</sub>/DP1 signaling on microglia and macrophages and illustrate the complex relationship between the two types of myeloid cells. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Current understanding about the roles of microglia versus macrophages in viral encephalitis is limited. We previously showed that the signaling of a single prostaglandin, PGD<sub>2</sub>, through its DP1 receptor on myeloid cells is critical for optimal immune responses in infected mice. Here, we demonstrate that the specific ablation of the DP1 receptor on macrophages and microglia had markedly different effects on outcomes. DP1<sup>-/-</sup> macrophages exhibited greater phagocytic properties than controls, resulting in enhanced kinetics of virus clearance, while DP1 absence on microglia resulted in increased lethality. Microglia were still required for protection, even when DP1 was not expressed on macrophages. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies directed at specific myeloid subsets in the brain may be useful in the context of viral infections.
Phosphoric acid doped Polybenzimidazole Composite Membranes for High temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2006)

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) composite membranes were prepared. The introduced components included inorganic proton conductor, Zr(HPO4)2•nH2O(ZrP) together with polysulfone (PSF) and the acid form of sulfonated polysulfone(SPSF(H)). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the composite membranes were thermal stable up to 400℃ for the PBI/ZrP/PSF system and 230℃ for the PBI/SPSF (H) system, respectively. Phosphoric acid doped PBI composite membranes exhibited a high conductivity at temperatures up to 200℃ under low humidity. Single cell tests with electrolytes of acid doped PBI composites were performed at 200℃ under atmospheric pressure and without humidification. The maximum power density of the cell with hydrogen or oxygen as the fuel gas is 0.34W/cm^2 for PBI/ZrP/PSF (mass ratio 80:15:5), and 0.38W/cm^2 for acid doped PBI/SPSF (0.43H), respectively.
High–molecular weight hyaluronan attenuates tubulointerstitial scarring in kidney injury (2020)

Renal fibrosis features exaggerated inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and peritubular capillary loss. We previously showed that IL-10 stimulates high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) expression by fibroblasts, and we hypothesize that HMW-HA attenuates renal fibrosis by reducing inflammation and ECM remodeling. We studied the effects of IL-10 overexpression on HA production and scarring in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) to investigate whether IL-10 antifibrotic effects are HA dependent. C57BL/6J mice were fed with the HA synthesis inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), before UUO. We observed that in vivo injury increased intratubular spaces, ECM deposition, and HA expression at day 7 and onward. IL-10 overexpression reduced renal fibrosis in both models, promoted HMW-HA synthesis and stability in UUO, and regulated cell proliferation in I/R. 4-MU inhibited IL-10-driven antifibrotic effects, indicating that HMW-HA is necessary for cytokine-mediated reduction of fibrosis. We also found that IL-10 induces in vitro HMW-HA production by renal fibroblasts via STAT3-dependent upregulation of HA synthase 2. We propose that IL-10-induced HMW-HA synthesis plays cytoprotective and antifibrotic roles in kidney injury, thereby revealing an effective strategy to attenuate renal fibrosis in obstructive and ischemic pathologies.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Focused Isoxazolylpiperidinylpiperazine Library for Dopamine D3and D4Receptor Antagonists (2011)

Pharmaceutical Screening Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-343, KoreaReceived April 7, 2011, Accepted May 9, 2011Key Words : Dopamine receptor, Isoxazolylpiperidinylpiperazine, Antagonist, GPCRThe dopamine receptor system plays a key role in numer-ous neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The D
Fecal microbiome and metabolites differ between breast and formula‐fed human infants (2013)

Herein, an integrated analysis of the fecal microbiota, microbiome and metabolites of 3‐month‐old breast‐ (BF; n=6) or formula‐fed (FF; n=6) infants was performed. Microbial composition and functional microbiome were accessed by 16S rDNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic pyrosequencing, respectively. Fecal metabolites were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Distance‐based redundancy analysis distinguished the microbiota of BF from FF. BF infants harbored more Bacteroidetes, while FF had more Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (p&lt;0.05). The microbiomes of BF and FF infants contained higher proportions of protein/amino acid vs. carbohydrate metabolism genes, respectively. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis discriminated fecal metabolomic profiles of BF vs. FF. The major metabolites enriched in BF infants were 15‐methylhexadecanoic acid, galactitol and maltose. The metabolites associated with FF were beta‐alanine, dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, decanoic acid and tyramine. Thus, early nutrition impacts the composition of the fecal microbiota, as well as the complement of microbial genes and metabolic products. (BMS Freedom to Discover Award). Grant Funding Source : BMS Freedom to Discover Award
Transient Expression of the Proto-Oncogene int-1 during Differentiation of P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1989)

In mouse embryos, the int-1 proto-oncogene is transiently expressed in areas of the developing neural system. Retinoic acid-treated P19 embryonal carcinoma cells have often been used as an in vitro model for the molecular basis of neural development. We shown here that int-1 is transiently expressed in differentiated P19 cells. The time course and retinoic acid dose dependence of int-1 expression suggest that the gene is specifically expressed during early neural differentiation. P19 cells may be a useful model to assist in the study, at the cellular level, of the role of int-1 in neural development.
Induction of Hepatic Apolipoprotein B Mrna Editing for Reducing Serum Cholesterol Levels: A Breakthrough or A Disaster (1996)

HEPATIC APOLIPOPROTEIN B mRNA coronary artery disease. 2 The intestine, the
Viral encephalitis in Parry-Romberg syndrome (2019)

A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for acute onset of headache, aphasia and confusion, followed by a first episode of generalised tonic–clonic seizures. She had a history of left-sided migraine, accompanied by visual aura and right arm dysesthesia since the age of 20 years and