gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sizing of Metallic Nanoparticles Confined to a Microfluidic Film Applying Dark-Field Particle Tracking (2014)

We present Brownian motion-based sizing of individual submicron and nanoparticles in liquid samples. The advantage of our approach is that particles can freely diffuse in a 10 μm thin liquid film and are therefore always within the focal depth of a low numerical aperture objective. Particles are visualized with dark-field microscopy, and the resulting diffraction-limited spots are tracked over a wide field of view of several hundred micrometers. Consequently, it is ascertained that long 2D trajectories are acquired, which leads to significantly increased particle sizing precision. The hydrodynamic diameters of metal particles with nominal sizes ranging from 70 to 200 nm in aqueous solution were determined by tracking for up to 2 min, and it was investigated if the diffusion characteristics were influenced by the proximity of substrates. This was not the case, and the estimated diameters were in good agreement with the values obtained by electron microscopy, thus validating the particle sizing principle. Furthermore, we measured a sample mixture to demonstrate the distinction of close particle sizes and performed the conjugation of a model protein (BSA) on the nanoparticle surface. An average increase in the radius of 9 nm was determined, which corresponds to the size of the BSA protein.
Insulin and diabetes cause reciprocal changes in the association of eIF-4E and PHAS-I in rat skeletal muscle (1996)

We have investigated the roles of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E), the cap-binding protein, and the translational regulator, PHAS-I, in the effects of insulin and alloxan-induced diabetes on protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetes increased the amount of eIF-4E found in the inactive PHAS-I.eIF-4E complex by threefold, explaining in part the inhibitory effect of insulin deficiency on translation initiation. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats caused dissociation of the complex, consistent with the action of the hormone on reversing the inhibitory effect of diabetes on translation initiation. The effects of both insulin and diabetes on PHAS-I binding to eIF-4E appeared to be due to changes in PHAS-I phosphorylation. Neither insulin nor diabetes changed the phosphorylation state of eIF-4E. The results indicate that the effects of both insulin and diabetes on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle involve modulation of the interaction of PHAS-I and eIF-4E.
Light Pulses Suppress Responsiveness within the Mouse Photic Entrainment Pathway (2000)

We have characterized a decrease in photic responsiveness of the mammalian circadian entrainment pathway caused by light stimulation. Phase delays of the running-wheel activity rhythm were used to quantify the photic responsiveness of the circadian system in mice (C57BL/6J). In an initial experiment, the authors measured the responsiveness to single "saturating" light pulses ("white" fluorescent light; approximately 1876 [microW; 15 min). In two additional experiments, the authors measured responses to this stimulus at several time points following a saturating pulse at CT 14 or CT 16. Data from these experiments were analyzed in two manners. Experiment 2 was analyzed assuming that the phase of the circadian pacemaker was unchanged by an initial pulse, and Experiment 3 was analyzed assuming that the initial pulse induced an instantaneous phase delay. Results reveal a significant reduction in responsivity to light that persists for at least 2 h and possibly up to 4 h after the initial stimulus. Immediately after the stimulus, the responsiveness of the photic entrainment pathway was reduced to levels < or = 12% of normal. After 2 h, the responsiveness was < or = 42% of normal, and by 4 h, responsiveness had recovered to levels that were < or = 60% of normal (levels not statistically different from controls). By the following circadian cycle, responsiveness was more completely recovered, although the magnitude of some phase delays remained < or = 85% of normal. These major reductions in the magnitude of phase delays (and phase response curve amplitude) caused by saturating light pulses confound interpretations of two-pulse experiments designed to measure the rate of circadian phase delays. In addition, the time course for this reduced responsiveness may reflect the time course of cellular and molecular events that underlie light-induced resetting of the mammalian circadian pacemaker.
Coupled mode analysis of second order loss-coupled DFB lasers (1996)

The superiority of gain or loss-coupled DFB lasers over the index coupled ones are evident in many respects. However the fabrication of first order gain or loss coupled gratings involves many difficulties. Therefore we are practically restricted to employing higher order gain or loss-coupled gratings. One of the main disadvantages of higher order gratings is radiation losses. To take into account both the effects of higher order modes on coupling and losses in linear regime, we apply a well-known coupled wave analysis due to Striefer et al. In 1977 to loss coupled DFB lasers. This theory using the first order perturbation analysis is suitable for analyzing shallow gratings. It leads to a pair of coupled wave equations, where coefficients indicate all the possible coupling losses.
How microbiota improve immunotherapy (2021)

Ligands derived from the gut microbiota enhance cancer immunotherapy
Quantum-scissors device for optical state truncation: A proposal for practical realization (2001)

We propose a realizable experimental scheme to prepare superposition of the vacuum and one-photon states by truncating an input coherent state. The scheme is based on the quantum scissors device proposed by Pegg, Phillips, and Barnett [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1604 (1998)] and uses photon-counting detectors, a single photon source, and linear optical elements. Realistic features of the photon counting and single-photon generation are taken into account and possible error sources are discussed together with their effect on the fidelity and efficiency of the truncation process. Wigner function and phase distribution of the generated states are given and discussed for the evaluation of the proposed scheme.
Sulfur-containing amides from Entada phaseoloides. (2010)

To study the chemical constituents of the Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., seeds of Entada phaseoloides were extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Structures of the pure compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Four sulfur-containing amide compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction and identified as entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), entadamide A (2), entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and clinacoside C (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 4 is isolated from the genus Entada for the first time.
A longitudinal study of blood pressure in a national survey of children. (1982)

Blood pressure changes over a three- to four-year period were studies in a cohort of 2,168 children examined during the US Heath Examination Survey. The sample used is a representative subset of a national probability sample. Significant positive correlations between initial and follow-up blood pressures were observed. In addition, relatively obese children tended to demonstrate higher blood pressures within age-race-sex specific subgroups.
AI (1992)

strive to make their simulations more accurate, and more efficient, they are forever looking for new, more advanced programming techniques. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is basically the field of advanced programming techniques. While these techniques were originally developed for modeling cognitive processes or the behavior of cognitive beings, many of these techniques are applicable to the more general simulation audience. This paper presents five short essays by researchers in simulation, AI, and a couple who have feet in both camps.
Adaptive beam combining and interferometry with photorefractive quantum wells (2001)

We present a comprehensive study of excitonic electroabsorption and two-wave mixing in photorefractive quantum wells. By combining these two measurements, we are able to determine the internal grating writing efficiency for converting an external spatial light modulation into an internal space-charge field. The internal writing efficiency at a fringe spacing Λ=40 µm is found to be a decreasing function of applied field, varying from ξ=0.4 at low fields to 0.2 at 12 kV/cm. The two-wave mixing efficiency in the quantum wells exceeds 40% and is used for adaptive beam combining and laser-based ultrasound detection. The quantum wells balance the hot-electron-induced photorefractive phase shift with excitonic spectral phase to guarantee quadrature in homodyne detection of ultrasound-induced surface displacements. The ability to tune through multiple quadratures is demonstrated here for the first time to our knowledge. We derive a noise-equivalent surface displacement of 1.7×10-6 Å (W/Hz)1/2 at a field of 12 kV/cm and a fringe spacing of Λ=40 µm. This value is within a factor of 7 of the shot-noise limit of an ideal interferometer.
Visual fatigue induced by watching virtual reality device and the effect of anisometropia (2021)

The effect of small anisometropia on visual fatigue when using virtual reality (VR) devices was investigated. Participants (<i>n</i> = 34) visited three times. In the first visit, VR exposure (10 min) was conducted with the full correction of the refractive error of both eyes. Experimental anisometropia was induced by adding a + 1.0 dioptre spherical lens either on the dominant eyes in the second visit or on the non-dominant eyes in the third visit. At each visit, the participants played a predetermined video game using a head-mounted display VR for 10 min. Visual fatigue was assessed before and after playing VR game using the Virtual Reality Symptom Questionnaire (VRSQ) and high-frequency component of accommodative microfluctuation. Results showed that watching VR induced significant increase of VRSQ score, significant decrease in the maximum accommodation power and objective increase in visual fatigue. Experimental anisometropia induction either on the dominant or non-dominant eyes did not aggravate visual fatigue. <b>Practitioner summary:</b> Mild differences in refractive error (up to 1.0 dioptre) between both eyes do not significantly increase ocular fatigue by viewing virtual reality device (10 min). The impact of small anisometropia may be limited in developing a virtual reality device. <b>Abbreviations:</b> VR: virtual reality; VRSQ: virtual reality symptom questionnaire; HMD: head-mounted display; HFC: high-frequency component.
Preface (2006)

Child and adolescent psychiatry is a rapidly expanding branch of medicine. Important research gains have been made in the past decades, and there is now a firm knowledge basis for many of the psychiatric disorders with child or adolescent onset. This knowledge has taken some time to filter through to clinical child and adolescent psychiatric services.
Enteric Reovirus Infection as a Probe to Study Immunotoxicity of the Gastrointestinal Tract (1998)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains a complex immune system that defends the host against a wide range of pathogens and toxins. The GI tract is also exposed to many environmental toxins that could adversely affect intestinal immunity, and few systems to study immunotoxicity of the GI tract have been described. We demonstrate that intestinal reovirus infection can be used as a system to assess the effects of toxins on intestinal and systemic immunity. Mice were given various doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) for 5 days at doses ranging from 100 to 500 mg/kg by the oral route or 200 mg/kg by the intraperitoneal route. On day 3 of dosing, mice were orally infected with reovirus serotype 1, strain Lang. The effects of CY on viral clearance, intestinal and systemic immune responses, and distribution of intestinal lymphocytes were assessed. Mice treated with CY failed to clear the virus in a dose-dependent manner, and serum anti-reovirus antibody titers were suppressed. Virus-specific IgA in cultures of intestinal tissue from CY-treated mice was significantly reduced compared to controls, although total IgA production was not affected. The virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell response in spleen was also suppressed in CY-treated animals. Cyclophosphamide treatment reduced the number and percentage of B-cells in Peyer's patches. Reovirus infection did not increase cellularity of Peyer's patches in CY-treated mice. Cyclophosphamide treatment also had little effect on the phenotype of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. These data demonstrate that intestinal reovirus infection is useful in studying exposure of the GI tract to immunotoxic agents.
Preparation and formation of nickel-copper catalytic systems on various supports and commercial catalysts based on these systems (2006)

Based on the Ni-Cu system, catalysts were developed for low-and high-temperature industrial gas and waste gas purification. It was found that, regardless of the preparation procedure, the formation of a catalytically active structure occurred via the formation of a Ni-Cu solid solution at the stage of activation. The catalytic, physicochemical, and physicomechanical properties of NKO Ni-Cu catalysts can be purposefully regulated by changing the nature and concentration of a liquid reagent. A promoting effect of copper on the activation process and on the catalytic activity of a nickel catalytic system was found. The catalysts developed were commercialized. The catalysts were introduced into various processes of industrial gas and waste gas purification.
Bacterial Tryptophan Synthase: A Multienzyme Complex Which Contains Pyridoxal Phosphate (1987)

SummaryBacterial tryptophan synthase has been the subject of pioneering studies on the relationship between gene structure and protein structure. A system for oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of the trpA and trpB genes of Salmonella typhimurium has been developed to examine the role of specific amino acid residues in the two subunits. It has been found that changing arginine-179 of the a subunit to leucine does not inactivate the enzyme, but does cause marked alterations in the effects of ligands on site-site interactions. Our studies of structure and function in the tryptophan synthase complex will be greatly facilitated in the future by being able to correlate the effects of protein engineering with the known three-dimensional structure of the enzyme from S. typhimurium which is being solved by x-ray crystallography.
Src Is Required for Mechanical Stretch-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Dependent β-Arrestin2 Pathways (2014)

Angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1-R) can be activated by mechanical stress (MS) without the involvement of AngII during the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, in which G protein-independent pathways are critically involved. Although β-arrestin2-biased signaling has been speculated, little is known about how AT1-R/β-arrestin2 leads to ERK1/2 activation. Here, we present a novel mechanism by which Src kinase mediates AT1-R/β-arrestin2-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to MS. Differing from stimulation by AngII, MS-triggered ERK1/2 phosphorylation is neither suppressed by overexpression of RGS4 (the negative regulator of the G-protein coupling signal) nor by inhibition of Gαq downstream protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X. The release of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) is increased by AngII but not by MS. These results collectively suggest that MS-induced ERK1/2 activation through AT1-R might be independent of G-protein coupling. Moreover, either knockdown of β-arrestin2 or overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of β-arrestin2 prevents MS-induced activation of ERK1/2. We further identifies a relationship between Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and β-arrestin2 using analyses of co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence after MS stimulation. Furthermore, MS-, but not AngII-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation is attenuated by Src inhibition, which also significantly improves pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice lacking AngII. Finally, MS-induced Src activation and hypertrophic response are abolished by candesartan but not by valsartan whereas AngII-induced responses can be abrogated by both blockers. Our results suggest that Src plays a critical role in MS-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through β-arrestin2-associated angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling.
Pulsed plasma for nanoCMOS and nanoelectronic device elaboration (2010)

International audience
Molecular Structure Determination by High Resolution Electron Microscopy (1979)

The application of electron microscopy in the determination of molecular and macromolecular structure at high resolution has been a tantalizing prospect for many years. The advent of commercial instruments offering a 5-A resolving power just less than two decades ago should have ushered in an era of high resolution structure determination in biology. But it did not. Although metallurgists and materials scientists soon obtained images of lattice planes and defects in crystals commensurate with the potential of the instruments, images of biological specimens were interpret­ able at best at a level of 20 A, and heated arguments concerning structure even at the 50or 80-A. level were the order of the day. Nevertheless, even with such resolutions, knowledge of biological structure increased tremendously, and it still does today. In fact, the attainment of 20-A resolution in a biological specimen often is considered high resolution work. However, I restrict the definition of high resolution for the purposes of this article to mean the size of interpretable structural detail in the image that approaches the potential resolution of the electron microscope, which today is 3 to 5 A. The visualization of biological materials in the electron microscope suf­ fers from the fact that electrons interact very inefficiently with the light atoms constituting such a specimen, compared to the interaction with heavier atoms that make up most inorganic materials. Therefore the con129
Holiday hazards Part Deux (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVThe Last WordNEXTHoliday hazards Part DeuxRobert AlaimoRobert AlaimoMore by Robert AlaimoCite this: J. Chem. Health Saf. 2011, 18, 6, 40–41Publication Date (Web):November 1, 2011Publication History Published online1 November 2011Published inissue 1 November 2011https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2011.09.004© 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (120 KB) Get e-Alerts
Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanospheres by Diblock Copolymer Self-Assembly (2006)

NRC publication: Yes
WE‐C‐BRB‐02: A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study for Calculating Dose Perturbations in Patient Geometries Due to Homogenous Magnetic Fields from MRIgRT (2012)

Purpose: Magnetic resonance image‐guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) has emerged as a promising new technology to reduce tumor position uncertainty during photon radiotherapy. The use of MRI during beam delivery complicates treatment planning since the magnetic field will perturb the radiation dose distribution especially in fields prescribed in heterogeneous regions of the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnetic field effect on dose distributions in patient geometry using Monte Carlo methods. Methods: The Monte Carlo code Geant4 was used for all simulations performed in this study. We investigated dose distributions from a 6‐MV photon beam energy spectra in patient geometries subjected to homogeneous transverse magnetic fields with varying field strengths. For this study perturbations in the dose distribution from a single rectangular field were simulated in a prostate patient scan. Results: Preliminary results show perturbations in the overall dose profile due to the magnetic field can be seen when a transverse magnetic field was applied to the patient geometry. Regions of under‐ and over‐dosing occur throughout the beam path near the penumbra of the photon beam. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patient‐specific dose calculations for MRIgRT treatments are feasible using Geant4. Work is currently ongoing to include treatment specific field parameters and 4D time‐resolved geometries.
Fiber optic coherent laser radar 3D vision system (1996)

This CLVS will provide a substantial advance in high speed computer vision performance to support robotic Environmental Management (EM) operations. This 3D system employs a compact fiber optic based scanner and operator at a 128 x 128 pixel frame at one frame per second with a range resolution of 1 mm over its 1.5 meter working range. Using acousto-optic deflectors, the scanner is completely randomly addressable. This can provide live 3D monitoring for situations where it is necessary to update once per second. This can be used for decontamination and decommissioning operations in which robotic systems are altering the scene such as in waste removal, surface scarafacing, or equipment disassembly and removal. The fiber- optic coherent laser radar based system is immune to variations in lighting, color, or surface shading, which have plagued the reliability of existing 3D vision systems, while providing substantially superior range resolution.
Surface Modifications of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) via Polymerization Methods—Current Status and Future Prospects (2020)

Surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) aimed at applying it as a bone implant material aroused the unflagging interest of the research community. In view of the development of implantology and the growing demand for new biomaterials, increasing biocompatibility and improving osseointegration are becoming the primary goals of PEEK surface modifications. The main aim of this review is to summarize the use of polymerization methods and various monomers applied for surface modification of PEEK to increase its bioactivity, which is a critical factor for successful applications of biomedical materials. In addition, the future directions of PEEK surface modifications are suggested, pointing to low-ppm surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) as a method with unexplored capacity for flat surface modifications.