gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the metabolic sensor-AMP activated protein kinase reverses impairment of angiogenesis in aging myocardial microvascular endothelial cells. Implications for the aging heart. (2011)

Impairment of angiogenesis - new capillary blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels, is frequent in aging tissues and cells. Reduced angiogenesis in aging individuals is associated with increased incidence of myocardial infarctions and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore there is a need to develop novel strategies to enhance angiogenesis in aging individuals. Our previous study demonstrated aging-related impairment of angiogenesis in aging (vs. young) rat myocardial microvascular endothelial cells (MMEC), and identified reduced activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, the most potent stimulator of angiogenesis) gene as the main underlying mechanism. In the present study we examined the possibility of increasing angiogenesis and activating VEGF gene expression in aging MMECs using a chemical activator of the metabolic sensor - AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). We hypothesized that activation of VEGF gene in aging MMECs by AMPK would stimulate angiogenesis and reverse the impairment in angiogenesis seen in these cells. We used MMECs isolated from aging (24 months old) Fisher F-344 rats and treated them with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), a specific pharmacological stimulator of AMPK. We examined: 1) in vitro angiogenesis; and 2) the expression of phosphorylated AMPK, VEGF, and P-MAPK/Erk1/2. Treatment of aging MMECs with AICAR increased in vitro angiogenesis and VEGF mRNA expression by 2.1-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively. Furthermore, AICAR treatment resulted in phosphorylation of MAPK/Erk1/2. This study demonstrated the successful use AICAR to reverse aging-related impairment of angiogenesis in aging MMECs by enhancing VEGF gene expression and also identified phosphorylation of MAPK/Erk1/2 as a likely mechanism of these changes.
Trends in Social Media: Persistence and Decay (2021)

Social media generates a prodigious wealth of real-time content at an incessant rate. From all the content that people create and share, only a few topics manage to attract enough attention to rise to the top and become temporal trends which are displayed to users.The question of what factors cause the formation and persistence of trends is an important one that has not been answered yet. In this paper, we conduct an intensive study of trending topics on Twitter and provide a theoretical basis for the formation, persistence and decay of trends. We find that the resonance of the content with the users of the social network plays a major role in causing trends. Also, we observe that a majority of the content propagated to cause trends arise from traditional media sources with social media acting as a selective amplifier for them.
Discrete classification approach to land cover and land use change identification based on Landsat image time sequences (2014)

Dense multi-temporal stacks of Landsat imagery have most commonly been exploited to identify land cover and land use changes (LCLUC) based on detection of abrupt changes in continuous value spectral indices. In this study, a discrete classification approach to LCLUC identification based on stable training sites is tested on a nine-date, 4-year Landsat-7 ETM + time sequence for a study area in Ghana that is prone to cloud cover. Change to Built cover, as an indication of urban expansion, was identified for over 70% of testing units when a spatial-temporal majority filter that ignored No Data values from clouds, cloud shadows and sensor effects was applied. More important, relatively stable LCLU maps were generated and No Data effects should not limit the potential of the approach for longer-term retrospective analyses or monitoring of LCLUC in cloud-prone regions.
Formal Characteristics of Thematic Apperception Test Stories as Indices of Emotional Disturbance in Children (1990)

Formal characteristics of stories told about picture cards from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) were defined as reflecting the storyteller's ability to accomplish the task and were distinguished from content that expresses the unique concerns of the individual. It was argued that increased emphasis on formal aspects of TAT responses is warranted, because these characteristics can be determined more objectively and are more suitable for direct group comparison. Therefore, the variables included in our study consisted of an integration and expansion of formal characteristics previously developed with adults, which showed promise in differentiating disturbed and normal groups of children. Based on these formal characteristics of TAT stories, 95% of the comparison group members and 85% of the disturbed group members were correctly classified. Emotionally disturbed boys (n = 40) differed from a comparison group (n = 40) on seven formal scoring categories which were hypothesized to differentiate the groups.
Stay Cool! Understanding Thermal Attacks on Mobile-based User Authentication (2017)

PINs and patterns remain among the most widely used knowledge-based authentication schemes. As thermal cameras become ubiquitous and affordable, we foresee a new form of threat to user privacy on mobile devices. Thermal cameras allow performing thermal attacks, where heat traces, resulting from authentication, can be used to reconstruct passwords. In this work we investigate in details the viability of exploiting thermal imaging to infer PINs and patterns on mobile devices. We present a study (N=18) where we evaluated how properties of PINs and patterns influence their thermal attacks resistance. We found that thermal attacks are indeed viable on mobile devices; overlapping patterns significantly decrease successful thermal attack rate from 100% to 16.67%, while PINs remain vulnerable (>72% success rate) even with duplicate digits. We conclude by recommendations for users and designers of authentication schemes on how to resist thermal attacks.
Herbicide Structure and Stability, Effect of Chemical Structure on Microbial Decomposition of Aromatic Herbicides (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHerbicide Structure and Stability, Effect of Chemical Structure on Microbial Decomposition of Aromatic HerbicidesM. Alexander and M. I. H. AleemCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1961, 9, 1, 44–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60113a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60113a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Commensal microbiota-induced microRNA modulates intestinal epithelial permeability through the small GTPase ARF4 (2017)

The intestinal tract contains many commensal bacteria that modulate various physiological host functions. Dysbiosis of commensal bacteria triggers dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to the induction or aggravation of intestinal inflammation. To elucidate whether microRNA plays a role in commensal microbiome-dependent intestinal epithelial barrier regulation, we compared transcripts in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from conventional and germ-free mice and found that commensal bacteria induced the expression of miR-21-5p in IECs. miR-21-5p increased intestinal epithelial permeability and up-regulated ADP ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4), a small GTPase, in the IEC line Caco-2. We also found that ARF4 expression was up-regulated upon suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (<i>PTEN</i>) and programmed cell death 4 (<i>PDCD4</i>), which are known miR-21-5p targets, by RNAi. Furthermore, ARF4 expression in epithelial cells of the large intestine was higher in conventional mice than in germ-free mice. ARF4 suppression in the IEC line increased the expression of tight junction proteins and decreased intestinal epithelial permeability. These results indicate that commensal microbiome-dependent miR-21-5p expression in IECs regulates intestinal epithelial permeability via ARF4, which may therefore represent a target for preventing or managing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Catalysis by transition metal modified Ceria and Ceria-Zirconia mixed oxides prepared via Sol-gel route (2006)

The aim of catalysis research is to apply the catalyst successfully in economically\nimportant reactions in an environmentally friendly way. The present work focuses on the\nmodification of structural and surface properties of ceria and ceria-zirconia catalysts by\nthe incorporation of transition metals. The applications of these catalysts in industrially\nimportant reactions like ethylbenzene oxidation, alkylation of aromatics are also\ninvestigated.Sol-gel method is effective for the preparation of transition metal modified\nceria and ceria-zirconia mixed oxide since it produces catalyst with highly dispersed\nincorporated metal. Unlike that of impregnation method plugging of pores is not\nprominent for sol-gel derived catalyst materials. This prevents loss of surface area on\nmetal modification as evident for BET surface area measurements.The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the cubic structure of\ntransition metal modified ceria and ceria-zirconia catalysts. The thermal stability is\nevident from TGA/DTA analysis. DR UV-vis spectra provide information on the\ncoordination environment of the incorporated metal. EPR analysis ofCr, Mn and Cu\nmodified ceria and a ceria-zirconia catalyst reveals the presence of different oxidation\nstates of incorporated metal.Temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and thermogravimetric\ndesorption of 2,6-dimethyl pyridine confirms the enhancement of acidity on metal incorporation. High a-methyl styrene selectivity in cumene cracking reaction implies\nthe presence of comparatively more number of Lewis acid sites with some amount of\nBronsted acid sites. The formation of cyclohexanone during cyclohexanol\ndecomposition confirms the presence of basic sites on the catalyst surface.Mn and Cr modified catalysts show better activity towards ethylbenzene\noxidation. A redox mechanism through oxometal pathway is suggested.All the catalysts were found to be active towards benzylation of toluene and\na-xylene. The selectivity towards monoalkylated products remains almost 100%. The\ncatalytic activity is correlated with the Lewis acidity of the prepared systems.The activity of the catalysts towards methylation of phenols depends on the\nstrength acid sites as well as the redox properties of the catalysts. A strong\ndependence of methylation activity on the total acidity is illustrated.
Barrier function of intact and impaired skin: percutaneous penetration of caffeine and salicylic acid (2011)

This in vitro protocol may be useful to simulate the percutaneous absorption profile of some drugs applied onto skin with an impaired SC barrier function and could be used to avoid, to some extent, the use of in vivo experimental animal models in the dermopharmaceutical field.
Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from the Flower Buds of Tussilago farfara L. Inhibit Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (2008)

Inhibition of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is a key enzyme in triglyceride synthesis in eukaryotic organisms, has been proposed as one of the drug targets for treating obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Bioassay-guided fractionation of EtOH extract of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara , using an in vitro DGAT enzyme assay, resulted in the isolation of four known sesquiterpenoids, tussilagonone (1), tussilagone (2), 7beta-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1alpha-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (3), and 8-angeloylxy-3,4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14),10-dien-2-one (4). DGAT1 inhibitory activity was studied by in vitro DGAT assay using rat liver microsomes and HepG2 cell microsomes. They showed DGAT1 inhibition with IC(50) values of 99.2 (1), 18.8 (2), 47.0 (3), and 211.1 (4) microM (for rat liver microsomes) and >1 mM (1), 49.1 (2), 160.7 (3), and 294.4 (4) microM (for HepG2 cell microsomes), respectively. Compound 2 showed the most potent inhibition against microsomal DGAT1 derived from rat liver and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and also significantly inhibited triglyceride synthesis by suppressing incorporation of [(14)C]acetate or [(14)C]glycerol into triglycerides in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that tussilagone is a potential lead compound in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Hydrogenation of the wide-gap oxide semiconductor as a room-temperature and 3D-compatible electron doping technique (2018)

A hydrogen atom, characterized by one unpaired electron and the smallest atomic radius, underlies the operations of various solid-state devices such as transistors, capacitors, solar cells, etc. Given its specific character as donor impurity in oxides, hydrogen may also facilitate efficient electron doping in a wide range of oxide devices. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature electrochemical hydrogenation of an archetypical oxide semiconductor (TiO2) thin film to achieve a 3D-compatible electron doping technique. The hydrogenated region can be precisely defined by photolithography without the influence of polycrystalline grain boundaries. Besides, secondary ion mass spectroscopy with deuterium isotope reveals considerable amount of hydrogen condenses around the TiO2 bottom interface indicating the critical influence of the interface on hydrogen stability. This hydrogen shows excellent stability in contrast to its high diffusivity in bulk TiO2, enabling robust electron doping for oxide thin film devices as well as suggesting stable interface hydrogen reservoir for electrochemical phenomena.
PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Can Enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T Cell Immunity Elicited by Dendritic Cell-Directed Lentiviral Vaccines (2012)

Exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells and upregulation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative regulator of T cell activation, are characteristic features of individuals chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In a previous study, we showed in mice that a dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vector (DCLV) system encoding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag protein was an efficient vaccine modality to induce a durable Gag-specific T cell immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking of the PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L) inhibitory signal via an anti-PD-L1 antibody generated an enhanced HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8(+) immune response following both a single round of DCLV immunization and a homologous prime/boost regimen. The prime/boost regimen combined with PD-L1 blockade generated very high levels of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells comprising several valuable features: improved ability to produce multiple cytokines, responding to a broader range of Gag-derived epitopes, and long-lasting memory. This enhanced cellular immune response generated by DCLV immunization combined with anti-PD-L1 blockade correlated with improved viral control following challenge with Gag-expressing vaccinia virus. Taken together, our studies offer evidence to support the use of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an adjuvant modality to enhance antigen-specific immune responses elicited by T cell-based immunizations such as DCLV.
Effect of erythrocyte aggregation at normal human levels on functional capillary density in rat spinotrapezius muscle (2005)

Previous studies have shown that functional capillary density (FCD) is substantially reduced by erythrocyte aggregation. However, only supranormal levels of aggregability were studied. To investigate the effect of erythrocyte aggregability at the level seen in healthy humans, the FCD of selected capillary fields in rat spinotrapezius muscle was determined with high-speed video microscopy under normal (nonaggregating) conditions and after induction of erythrocyte aggregation with Dextran 500 (200 mg/kg). To examine shear rate dependence, the effect was studied both at normal and reduced arterial pressures (50 and 25 mmHg), the latter achieved by short periods of hemorrhage. In a separate study, volume flow was determined in arterioles (52.1 +/- 3.7 microm) under the same conditions. Before Dextran 500 infusion, FCD fell to 91% and 76% of control values, respectively, when arterial pressure was reduced to 50 and 25 mmHg. After Dextran 500 infusion, FCD was 96% at normal arterial pressure and fell to 79% and 37% of normal control values at 50 and 25 mmHg. All FCD values were significantly lower after dextran infusion. FCD reduction after lowering arterial pressure or dextran infusion appeared to be due to plasma skimming rather than capillary plugging. Reduction of FCD by dextran at reduced pressure was compensated by increased red blood cell flux in capillaries with red blood cell flow. We conclude that the level of aggregability seen in healthy humans is an important determinant of FCD only at reduced arterial pressure.
Analysis of Cells (1972)

Three methods approaching the analysis of cells are described, with applications. The methods presuppose that the picture of the cells has already been digitized and resides in the memory of a computer. The first method is an ad hoc approach in which intercommunicating programmable cursors are utilized for the detection of boundary and area features. The second method is concerned with an evaluation of the curvatures of boundary segments in relation to the overall shape of the boundary. The third method imbeds the picture in a non-Euclidean coordinate system, preserving as invariants salient features while negating the effect of nonsignificant distortions.
Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Venous Resection in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

<strong>Context </strong>Safety and cost-effectiveness of venous resection (VR) in resectable/borderline resectable ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head is still debate. <strong>Objectives </strong>Primary end point was to compare post-operative mortality between patients treated with a standard resection and patients treated with a VR. Secondary end points were postoperative morbidity, type of discharge, costs of hospitalization, R1 rate, and overall (OS) and disease free (DFS) survivals. <strong>Methods </strong>From 2001 to 2013, data of 291 pancreatic resections were collected. All patients (n=91) affected by head ductal adenocarcinoma were divided in two groups: with (group B; n=15) or without vascular resection (group A; n=76). The two groups were compared for postoperative course, OS and DFS. Multivariate analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the role of demographic, clinical, surgical (including VR) and pathological factors on mortality, morbidity, type of discharge, costs, R1 rate, OS and DFS. <strong>Results</strong> Postoperative mortality, morbidity and type of discharge were similar in the two groups. The total costs of hospitalization was similar, while the costs of ICU stay were higher in group B (P=0.012). No differences between two groups about R1 rate, DFS and OS were detected. Age &gt;80 years was the only factor related to postoperative mortality (OR=3.9, P=0.048). ASA score increased the risk of postoperative complications (OR=2.9, P=0.029). Discharge to health care facility was more frequent in patients with age &gt;80 years (OR=405.3, P=0.001) and with an higher preoperative total bilirubin (OR=1.2, P=0.042). ASA score increase by 34% the total hospital stay (P=0.004), by 48% the total hospital costs (P&lt;0.001) and the ICU costs by 56% (P=0.004). Vascular resection increased the ICU costs by 50% (P=0.038). Vascular resection did not reduce the risk of R1. R1 resection on arterial margin is related with a shorter OS (HR=1.8, P=0.049), while R1 resection, vascular infiltration and a vascular involvement &gt;G1 at imaging were all predictive of a worse DFS (HR=3.2, P=0.050; HR=2.6, P=0.027; and HR=1.6, P=0.043, respectively). <strong>Conclusions</strong> VR is safe and useful to reach an R0 resection. VR affects the costs of postoperative management. OS and DFS were similar in patients with or without VR.
Suprarenal Hemorrhage in Pregnancy (1949)

KEELE and Keele1 made the first attempt to distinguish between the adrenal hemorrhage occurring in the course of septicemia, as in the Water-house–Friderichsen syndrome, and the adrenal hemorrhage occurring independently of any infectious process, for which the synonymous terms of hemorrhagic suprarenal infarction, acute hemorrhagic adrenalitis, spontaneous suprarenal hemorrhage and suprarenal apoplexy have been suggested.Table 1, in which the pertinent data of the 19 cases of the literature (including the 1 presented below) are shown in comparison, reveals the condition to be twice as frequent in the male as in the female, without any apparent relation to age, the youngest . . .
Loss of Gq/11 Genes Does Not Abolish Melanopsin Phototransduction (2014)

In mammals, a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expresses the photopigment melanopsin, which renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). These ipRGCs mediate various non-image-forming visual functions such as circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Melanopsin phototransduction begins with activation of a heterotrimeric G protein of unknown identity. Several studies of melanopsin phototransduction have implicated a G-protein of the Gq/11 family, which consists of Gna11, Gna14, Gnaq and Gna15, in melanopsin-evoked depolarization. However, the exact identity of the Gq/11 gene involved in this process has remained elusive. Additionally, whether Gq/11 G-proteins are necessary for melanopsin phototransduction in vivo has not yet been examined. We show here that the majority of ipRGCs express both Gna11 and Gna14, but neither Gnaq nor Gna15. Animals lacking the melanopsin protein have well-characterized deficits in the PLR and circadian behaviors, and we therefore examined these non-imaging forming visual functions in a variety of single and double mutants for Gq/11 family members. All Gq/11 mutant animals exhibited PLR and circadian behaviors indistinguishable from WT. In addition, we show persistence of ipRGC light-evoked responses in Gna11-/-; Gna14-/- retinas using multielectrode array recordings. These results demonstrate that Gq, G11, G14, or G15 alone or in combination are not necessary for melanopsin-based phototransduction, and suggest that ipRGCs may be able to utilize a Gq/11-independent phototransduction cascade in vivo.