gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust and Elastic Lunar and Martian Structures from 3D-Printed Regolith Inks (2017)

Here, we present a comprehensive approach for creating robust, elastic, designer Lunar and Martian regolith simulant (LRS and MRS, respectively) architectures using ambient condition, extrusion-based 3D-printing of regolith simulant inks. The LRS and MRS powders are characterized by distinct, highly inhomogeneous morphologies and sizes, where LRS powder particles are highly irregular and jagged and MRS powder particles are rough, but primarily rounded. The inks are synthesized via simple mixing of evaporant, surfactant, and plasticizer solvents, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (30% by solids volume), and regolith simulant powders (70% by solids volume). Both LRS and MRS inks exhibit similar rheological and 3D-printing characteristics, and can be 3D-printed at linear deposition rates of 1-150 mm/s using 300 μm to 1.4 cm-diameter nozzles. The resulting LRS and MRS 3D-printed materials exhibit similar, but distinct internal and external microstructures and material porosity (~20-40%). These microstructures contribute to the rubber-like quasi-static and cyclic mechanical properties of both materials, with young's moduli ranging from 1.8 to 13.2 MPa and extension to failure exceeding 250% over a range of strain rates (10<sup>-1</sup>-10<sup>2</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>). Finally, we discuss the potential for LRS and MRS ink components to be reclaimed and recycled, as well as be synthesized in resource-limited, extraterrestrial environments.
Evaluation of nephroprotective activity of methanolic extract of Illicium verum hook fruits in rodents (2018)

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate nephroprotective activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of the fruits of against paracetamol and gentamicin induced toxicity using male Wistar rats.
Microcapsules Ejecting Nanosized Species into the Environment (2008)

In this communication we report on microcapsules which eject nanoparticles into the environment. The speed of the nanoparticles ejected in water is approximately 800-fold faster than their Brownian diffusion. Such microcarriers may allow nanosized species to travel long distances, in short times, through highly viscous environments and may find applications in e.g. drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Algebraic Techniques for Property Integration via Componentless Design (2004)

In many cases, design specifications are based on the satisfaction of a set of property constraints. Recently, the novel paradigm “componentless design” was introduced by Shelley and El-Halwagi (Comput. Chem. Eng. 2000, 24, 2081) to identify optimal graphical strategies for property-based problems. The essence of this approach is driven by tracking properties and not chemical components. Notwithstanding the usefulness of this graphical approach, it is limited to the simultaneous tracking of three properties. In this paper, we overcome this limitation by developing an algebraic approach for property integration through componentless design. Process constraints and stream characterization are described using bounds on intensive properties and flows. The problem of allocating streams is mapped into an equidimensional domain of dimensionless property operators. The specific mathematical structure of the set of operator constraints is exploited to develop a constraint-reduction algorithm, which provides rigorous bounds on the feasibility region. The result is an efficient algebraic procedure that identifies optimal allocation in the property-operator domain. The solution is then mapped back to the raw-property domain. To illustrate the applicability of the developed approach, a four-property case study is addressed using the devised algebraic procedure.
Reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces with silicon switches (2006)

A new design concept was presented for reconfigurable FSS that uses silicon as switches. Signals at frequencies around/above 100 GHz (D-band) are of interest for several applications including atmospheric sensing, wideband communications, automotive radar and test instrumentation. This paper presented two RFSS examples, one design with metallic patches and one with all dielectric materials at a target frequency of 100 GHz. The designs proposed in this paper are readily fabricated and can be easily scaled to lower or higher frequencies
The genomic structure of the STAT genes: multiple exons in coincident sites in Stat1 and Stat2 (1995)

The genomic structure of Stat2 has been determined and compared with a large portion of the Stat1 gene. There are 24 exons in the Stat2 gene and a matching number in very similar positions in the Stat1 gene. Thus a very complicated genomic structure was presumably duplicated and has been closely maintained throughout evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE EFFECTS IN HYDROGEN ATOM TRANSFER REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXYL RADICALS (1983)

Abstract Thermolyse der Peroxyoxalate (I) bzw. (X) [sukzessive Reaktion entsprechender Cyclohexanole mit Oxalylchlorid, tert.‐Butyl‐hydroperoxid und Erhitzen] führt zur Bildung der Radikale (II), (VI) bzw. (XI) und den Endprodukten (IIIa)+(IVa) [aus (Ia)] bzw. (IIIb) + (IVb) [aus (Ib)] bzw. (IIIc) + (IVc) sowie (V) (Zahlenangaben in Klammem bezeichnen den prozentualen Produktanteil) [ aus (Ic) bzw. (Ie)] bzw. (VII) + (VIII)+(IX) bzw. (XII) + (XIII) + (XIV).
EVALUATION OF LYMPH NODE AND BONE MARROW CYTOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE LEISHMANIASIS (LEISHMANIA INFANTUM) IN SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC DOGS (2005)

The sensitivity and specificity of lymph node and bone marrow smear microscopy for the diagnosis of Leishmania infantum-infected dogs was evaluated in 79 dogs with leishmaniasis (Group A), 52 asymptomatically infected dogs (Group B), and 44 healthy noninfected dogs (Group C). Light microscopy examination included 10 to 1,000 oil immersion fields, and the density of Leishmania amastigotes was scored by a 0 to +6 scale. Using polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard, the specificity of lymph node and bone marrow cytology was 100%, whereas sensitivity ranged from 7.8% to 92.6%, being significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B. The amastigote scores were also significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B. These results indicate that lymph node and bone marrow cytology is a highly sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of canine patent leishmaniasis, whereas its sensitivity is relatively low in asymptomatic infections.
Impact of Tuta absoluta herbivory and nitrogen availability on the tomato volatile bouquet composition during day vs. night periods. (2016)

International audience
Capture-Recapture Estimators in Epidemiology with Applications to Pertussis and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Surveillance (2016)

We encourage the use of capture-recapture methods, but epidemiologists should preferably include datasets for which the underlying dependency structure is not too complex, a priori investigate this structure, compensate for it within the model and interpret the results with the remaining unmodelled heterogeneity in mind.
Asymmetrically Modified Nickel Catalyst for the Enantio‐Differentiating Hydrogenation of Prochiral Ketones (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional effects of kringle 2 glycosylation in a hybrid plasminogen activator (1993)

uK2t-PA is a hybrid plasminogen activator in which the epidermal growth factor-like domain of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator precedes the kringle 2 and catalytic domains of tissue-type plasminogen activator. The molecules are expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells in two variant forms, a type II form in which only the protease domain is glycosylated, and a type I form in which both the kringle 2 and the protease domains carry N-acetyllactosamine type glycans. The two forms differed slightly in their affinity for fibrin and fibrinogen, which allowed their separation, but the stimulation of plasminogen activation of the type II form by fibrin was up to eight-fold lower than that of the type II form. The sensitivity to fibrin could be restored by treatment of the type I form with N-glycanase or sialidase. Enzymatic activity vs low molecular weight substrates was not influenced by the glycosylation of kringle 2.
Abstract CN07-01: Understanding the role of stem-like tumor cells in proneural glioma (2012)

Abstract The ID (Inhibitor of DNA-binding) gene family regulates self-renewal in adult neural stem cells. Cells expressing high levels of Id1 in the neurogenic niches of the adult brain define the B1 stem cell populations and Id proteins are essential for self-renewal and the maintenance of multipotency. A decline in Id1 levels is associated with the progression to a progenitor-like cell type in which the bHLH marker Olig2 becomes highly expressed. Since the discovery of stem-like and progenitor-like cell populations within high-grade gliomas, there has been a great deal of interest in elucidating their contributions to tumorigenesis. However, analyses are complicated by the lack of reliable marker sets to definitively isolate and characterize these distinct cell lineages. Using a genetically relevant mouse model of high-grade proneural glioma, we show that high Id1 expression (Id1high) identifies self-renewing, multipotent tumor cells, while low Id1 expression (Id1low) identifies progenitor-like cells characterized by Olig2 expression and limited self-renewal capacity, thus recapitulating what is observed in the normal neurogenic niche. Id1high cells generate tumors upon orthotopic transplantation, but surprisingly, Id1low cells do so with shorter latency and higher penetrance, despite their limited self-renewal capacity. Both Id1high and Id1low cells generate tumors with high-grade features and histopathology similar to the parental tumors. Purified Id1high cells give rise to Id1low cells during tumor formation thereby possibly fueling the generation of the more tumorigenic progenitor-like population. Targeting the more progenitor-like cells via knockdown of Olig2 results in a dramatic survival benefit. These data highlight an important distinction between self-renewal capacity and tumor initiation potential, underscoring the importance of non-stem cell lineages in brain tumor disease progression. Citation Format: Lindy Elise Barrett, Hyung-song Nam, Robert Benezra. Understanding the role of stem-like tumor cells in proneural glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr CN07-01.
Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome (2021)

The current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which causes COVID-19, is particularly devastating for individuals with chronic medical conditions, in particular those with Down Syndrome (DS) who often exhibit a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections, immune dysregulation and potential complications. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is much higher in DS than in the general population, possibly increasing further the risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. Here we provide a biological overview with regard to specific susceptibility of individuals with DS to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as data from a recent survey on the prevalence of COVID-19 among them. We see an urgent need to protect people with DS, especially those with AD, from COVID-19 and future pandemics and focus on developing protective measures, which also include interventions by health systems worldwide for reducing the negative social effects of long-term isolation and increased periods of hospitalization.
Super resolution using edge prior and single image detail synthesis (2010)

Edge-directed image super resolution (SR) focuses on ways to remove edge artifacts in upsampled images. Under large magnification, however, textured regions become blurred and appear homogenous, resulting in a super-resolution image that looks unnatural. Alternatively, learning-based SR approaches use a large database of exemplar images for “hallucinating” detail. The quality of the upsampled image, especially about edges, is dependent on the suitability of the training images. This paper aims to combine the benefits of edge-directed SR with those of learning-based SR. In particular, we propose an approach to extend edge-directed super-resolution to include detail from an image/texture example provided by the user (e.g., from the Internet). A significant benefit of our approach is that only a single exemplar image is required to supply the missing detail - strong edges are obtained in the SR image even if they are not present in the example image due to the combination of the edge-directed approach. In addition, we can achieve quality results at very large magnification, which is often problematic for both edge-directed and learning-based approaches.
Volume-phase transitions of ionized N-isopropylacrylamide gels (1987)

Equilibrium swelling curves of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) gel and a series of its ionized counterparts were measured as a function of temperature. Nonionic NIPA gels underwent a sharp yet continuous volume change, whereas incorporation of a small amount of ionizable groups into the gel network drives the transition toward a discontinuous one. The critical ionic concentration and polymer network density at which the get undergoes a critical phase transition were determined. The results were analyzed using a mean field theory. Discrepancy between experimental data and theory is nontrivial, and may require the formulation of a more elaborate theory.
Fibroblast Growth Factors: Biology, Function, and Application for Tissue Regeneration (2010)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that signal through FGF receptors (FGFRs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions, including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. The FGF signal pathways are the RAS/MAP kinase pathway, PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, and PLCγ pathway, among which the RAS/MAP kinase pathway is known to be predominant. Several studies have recently implicated the in vitro biological functions of FGFs for tissue regeneration. However, to obtain optimal outcomes in vivo, it is important to enhance the half-life of FGFs and their biological stability. Future applications of FGFs are expected when the biological functions of FGFs are potentiated through the appropriate use of delivery systems and scaffolds. This review will introduce the biology and cellular functions of FGFs and deal with the biomaterials based delivery systems and their current applications for the regeneration of tissues, including skin, blood vessel, muscle, adipose, tendon/ligament, cartilage, bone, tooth, and nerve tissues.
BMP9‐initiated osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of mouse tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCS) requires Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activity (2021)

Teeth arise from the tooth germ through sequential and reciprocal interactions between immature epithelium and mesenchyme during development. However, the detailed mechanism underlying tooth development from tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs) remains to be fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in BMP9-induced osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of TGMCs. We first established the reversibly immortalized TGMCs (iTGMCs) derived from young mouse mandibular molar tooth germs using a retroviral vector expressing SV40 T antigen flanked with the FRT sites. We demonstrated that BMP9 effectively induced expression of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, collagen A1 and osteocalcin in iTGMCs, as well as in vitro matrix mineralization, which could be remarkably blunted by knocking down β-catenin expression. In vivo implantation assay revealed that while BMP9-stimulated iTGMCs induced robust formation of ectopic bone, knocking down β-catenin expression in iTGMCs remarkably diminished BMP9-initiated osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation potential of these cells. Taken together, these discoveries strongly demonstrate that reversibly immortalized iTGMCs retained osteogenic/odontogenic ability upon BMP9 stimulation, but this process required the participation of canonical Wnt signalling both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, BMP9 has a potential to be applied as an efficacious bio-factor in osteo/odontogenic regeneration and tooth engineering. Furthermore, the iTGMCs may serve as an important resource for translational studies in tooth tissue engineering.
Bitter pit in the apple variety Sturmer in a pot experiment using low levels of major elements (1962)

The results of a pot experiment showing the influence of low calcium, low magnesium, and complete fertilizer on the pit incidence and mineral content of Sturmer apples are reported. Low calcium treatment resulted in high incidence of pit, low levels of calcium and high levels of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in the fruit compared to complete fertilizer and low magnesium treatments. In the ash, though the proportion of calcium was significantly lower, the proportions of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus did not change. The difference in the characteristics examined between pitted and sound fruit in the three treatments were in the same direction as those between fruit from low calcium and complete fertilizer treatments, and the differences in calcium level were significant. The response to low calcium treatment was a much greater relative molar increase in nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus than the molar decrease in calcium. The evidence supports an hypothesis that the primary cause of pit is low calcium status which under water stress in the leaves and fruit induces an increase in nitrogen, respiration rate, and mineral content but gives no indication which of these causes the lesions.
Under the sea (1996)

Oceanographers in America's Pacific Northwest hope to be awash soon in real‐time data from volcanoes on the ocean floor. That's because a group of scientists led by John Delaney of the University of Washington and Fred Spiess of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography are planning to establish permanent seafloor volcano observatories in the Pacific Ocean. Those two observatories will not house scientists; they will shelter an array of monitors and instruments to keep a real‐time watch on undersea ridge systems where volcanoes erupt, superheated water and minerals are spewed from hydrothermal vents, and new seafloor is created. They will also observe the vast microbial communities that thrive in the darkest depths of the ocean near such otherwise toxic vents.
A Carbon Nanotube Film for Power Harvesting (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Tribute to The Honorable Justice Marie L. Garibaldi (2000)

I distinctly remember when my high school teacher announced in history class: "Today the first woman, Marie L. Garibaldi, was appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court."I remember thinking it could not possibly be true.In all the years that our court system existed, it was hard to believe that no other women had been appointed to this State's highest court.Several years later, I served as one of Justice Garibaldi's law clerks.I have firsthand knowledge that Justice Garibaldi is easily one of the finest jurists, male or female, in New Jersey's history.When she looks back on her career as a Supreme Court Justice, Justice Garibaldi focuses on how she always strove to do what is legally, morally, and sensibly right, by the parties and by the residents of her State.Hearing about her life, however, reminds us of just how far women have come in the span of this one woman's lifetime.Justice Garibaldi, an only child, was born in Jersey City, lived in Englewood until the age of four, and then returned to Hudson County where she has lived ever since.Justice Garibaldi's family provided an important foundation for her future achievements.Her father was a strong believer in equal opportunity for women.Yet during Justice Garibaldi's childhood, women were just beginning to open doors that had been historically closed to them.When she was ten or twelve years old, there were no women doctors at St. Francis Hospital where her father worked as a physician.Due in part to her father's urging, the hospital finally hired its first woman doctor.As this example illustrates, he father, through his words and actions, encouraged his daughter to pursue a nontraditional career path.Justice Garibaldi was also profoundly influenced by her mother.
Polymeric Nanofiber-Carbon Nanotube Composite Mats as Fast-Equilibrium Passive Samplers for Polar Organic Contaminants (2020)

To improve the performance of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats (ENMs) for equilibrium passive sampling applications in water, we integrated two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs; with and without surface carboxyl groups) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polystyrene (PS) ENMs. For 11 polar and moderately hydrophobic compounds (-0.07 ≤ log<i>K</i><sub>OW</sub> ≤ 3.13), 90% of equilibrium uptake was achieved in under 0.8 days (<i>t</i><sub>90%</sub> values) in nonmixed ENM-CNT systems. Sorption capacity of ENM-CNTs was between 2- and 50-fold greater than pure polymer ENMs, with equilibrium partition coefficients (<i>K</i><sub>ENM-W</sub> values) ranging from 1.4 to 3.1 log units (L/kg) depending on polymer type (hydrophilic PAN or hydrophobic PS), CNT loading (i.e., values increased with weight percent (wt %) of CNTs), and CNT type (i.e., greater uptake with carboxylated CNTs composites). During field deployment at Muddy Creek in North Liberty, Iowa, optimal ENM-CNTs (PAN with 20 wt % carboxylated CNTs) yielded atrazine concentrations in surface water with a 40% difference relative to analysis of a same-day grab sample. We also observed a mean percent difference of 30 (±20)% when comparing ENM-CNT sampler results to grab sample data collected within 1 week of deployment. With their rapid, high capacity uptake and small material footprint, ENM-CNT equilibrium passive samplers represent a promising alternative to complement traditional integrative passive samplers while offering convenience over large volume grab sampling.
Role of the Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) in Pharmacovigilance and Proper Use of Therapeutics (2007)

According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on the Assessment of the U.S. Drug Safety System, "The recent highly publicized controversies surrounding the safety of some drugs have contributed to a public perception that the drug safety system is in crisis. It seems fair to say that this perception has created an opportunity for a thorough evaluation of the U.S. drug safety system." The evaluation was focused on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To improve the FDA and its function in the public health system to improve therapeutics, it is critical to understand the contributions of other components.
Dedication (2013)

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