gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging persistent chemicals in human biomonitoring for populations in the Arctic: A Canadian perspective (2019)

The future of human biomonitoring in the Arctic will be influenced by the presence of emerging persistent chemicals. Many modelling studies have attempted to predict which contaminants will be of concern next in the Arctic based on chemical and physical properties as well as known risk factors from existing Arctic contaminants of concern. An amalgamated list of emerging persistent chemicals identified through predictive modelling cross referenced with Arctic wildlife monitoring results provides a basis upon which to prioritize future human biomonitoring in the Arctic. Persistent chemicals identified by this analysis are those in common across models (i.e., HCCPD, PCTP, 1,3,5-triBB, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, hexaBDE, pentabromochlorocyclohexane) and those both identified by models and found in Artic biota (e.g., PFNA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFTrDA, HCBD, HBCDD, PCA, PFDoDA, BTBPE, PCNB, Endosulfan, etc.). Tracking the appearance of new chemicals in environmental monitoring will allow human biomonitoring to keep pace with emerging issues.
Silicon Photonic 50GHz Wavelength (De)Multiplexer with Low Crosstalk and Flat Passband (2018)

We demonstrated an eight-channel flat-topped wavelength (de)multiplexer with 50GHz channel spacing on a SOI chip. The measured crosstalk is &lt; −26.0 dB at central wavelengths of the channels and 1-dB bandwidth is 33.0 GHz.
Method for creating gas standards form liquid HFE-7100 and FC-72. (2007)

HFE-7100 and FC-72 fluorinert are two fluids used during weapon component manufacturing. HFE-7100 is a solvent used in the cleaning of parts, and FC-72 is the blowing agent of a polymeric removable foam. The presence of either FC-72 or HFE-7100 gas in weapon components can provide valuable information as to the stability of the materials. Therefore, gas standards are needed so HFE-7100 and FC-72 gas concentrations can be accurately measured. There is no current established procedure for generating gas standards of either HFE-7100 or FC-72. This report outlines the development of a method to generate gas standards ranging in concentration from 0.1 ppm to 10% by volume. These standards were then run on a Jeol GC-Mate II mass spectrometer and analyzed to produce calibration curves. We present a manifold design that accurately generates gas standards of HFE-7100 and FC-72 and a procedure that allows the amount of each to be determined.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of metal-on-metal hip implants with complex structures using the finite-element method (2010)

Various complex structures are employed in different metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses for different purposes. For the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) study of these prostheses, the elastic deformation calculation is not a trivial task due to the effect of complex structures. The finite-element method (FEM) is an attractive approach for solving these problems because of its flexibility in handling complex geometries. Moreover, the availability of high-level ready-to-use finite-element commercial software may facilitate the modelling of complex structures and thereby reduce the time spent on implementing the analysis. In this study, a numerical method was developed to solve the EHL problems of MOM hip prostheses with complex structures. In this method, the elastic deformation was calculated from the product of the flexibility matrix of the lubrication nodes and the nodal force. The flexibility matrix was obtained by inverting the stiffness matrix, which was obtained through finite-element analysis using commercial software. The nodal force was obtained by transferring the hydrodynamic pressure according to the isoparametric element definition. This method was validated for a typical 28 mm diameter MOM total hip replacement. The effects of the structures of the femoral head, the wall thickness of the cup, as well as the bone quality of patients on lubrication performance of MOM hip resurfacing prostheses were subsequently investigated.
Common Variant in AMPD1 Gene Predicts Improved Clinical Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure (1999)

After the onset of CHF symptoms, the mutant AMPD1 allele is associated with prolonged probability of survival without cardiac transplantation. The mechanism by which the presence of the mutant AMPD1 allele may modify the clinical phenotype of heart failure remains to be determined.
Tackling the Burden of Osteoarthritis as a Health Care Opportunity in Indigenous Communities—A Call to Action (2020)

Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent and disabling disease, causing a significant individual and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Until now, there has been a dearth of research exploring the impact of osteoarthritis in global Indigenous communities. Osteoarthritis has a similar risk factor profile to many chronic diseases that disproportionately affect Indigenous peoples. In this editorial, we argue that osteoarthritis and associated mobility restrictions play a central role in the chronic disease profile of Indigenous peoples. We present a call to action for clinicians and health care providers, researchers and policymakers to begin to recognise the interrelated nature of osteoarthritis and chronic disease. We have an opportunity to change the way we do business, to improve access to culturally secure osteoarthritis care and the health and wellbeing of Indigenous communities.
A Bioactive Synthetic Outer‐Core Oligosaccharide Derived from a Klebsiella pneumonia Lipopolysaccharide for Bacteria Recognition (2023)

There is an urgent need for new treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), which is a common cause of life-threatening hospital- and community-acquired infections. Prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination may offer an approach to control these infections, however, none has yet been approved for human use. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of an outer core tetra- and pentasaccharide derived from the lipopolysaccharide of K. pneumoniae. The oligosaccharides were equipped with an aminopentyl linker, which facilitated conjugation to the carrier proteins CRM<sub>197</sub> and BSA. Mice immunized with the glycoconjugate vaccine candidates elicited antibodies that recognized isolated LPS as well as various strains of K. pneumoniae. The successful preparation of the oligosaccharides relied on the selection of monosaccharide building blocks equipped with orthogonal hydroxyl and amino protecting groups. It allowed the differentiation of three types of amines of the target compounds and the installation of a crowded 4,5-branched Kdo moiety.
Face Recognition for Smart Interactions (2007)

In this paper an overview of face recognition research activities at the interACT Research Center is given. The face recognition efforts at the interACT Research Center consist of development of a fast and robust face recognition algorithm and fully automatic face recognition systems that can be deployed for real-life smart interaction applications. The face recognition algorithm is based on appearances of local facial regions that are represented with discrete cosine transform coefficients. Three fully automatic face recognition systems have been developed that are based on this algorithm. The first one is the "door monitoring system" that observes the entrance of a room and identifies the subjects while they are entering the room. The second one is the "portable face recognition system" that aims at environment-free face recognition and recognizes the user of a machine. The third system, "3D face recognition system", performs fully automatic face recognition on 3D range data.
Measuring movement of denim trousers for garment-integrated sensing applications (2011)

The movement of everyday garments over the body surface during wearing often presents a problematic source of noise or error for garment-integrated wearable sensors. This paper describes early results of an assessment of the impact of body location and garment ease on movement of the garment over the body surface. The method implemented uses a running mannequin with a repeatable gait cycle as the source of humanoid motion, and measures the movement of a set of custom-graded denim trousers in 5 ease amounts over the mannequin's surface during the gait cycle. Initial results show consistent patterns of displacement over the body surface.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Film on Lithium Metal Anode in Mixed-Salt System (2019)

The effect of electrolyte salt on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is discussed with respect to improvement of the lithium metal anode. Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) were dissolved together in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in which the ratios of LiNO3:LiFSI (x:100-x mol%) were in the range of 0<x<100. Electrochemical lithium plating/stripping was tested for various x-values. A LiNO3 single salt electrolyte yielded small polarizations in the initial cycles; however, the polarization became larger with the cycle number. A LiFSI single salt electrolyte showed larger polarizations, but maintained an almost constant magnitude during all cycles. LiNO3 and LiFSI salt-mixtures gave better cycle performance with low and stable polarizations compared to the single salt electrolytes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that LiNO3 gave a Li2O-rich SEI membrane, while LiFSI gave a LiF-rich membrane. For LiNO3 and LiFSI salt-mixtures, the ratio of these components changed according to the x value. The use of multiple lithium salts is thus an effective way to control the SEI properties and improve the cycle performance of a lithium metal anode.
Sources of Hypothetical Bias in Public Goods Experiments: A Disaggregated Approach (2013)

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/Statistical Methods
Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves—diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance (2010)

Fungal endophytes are found in most seed plants, but their ecological function mainly remains elusive, except in pooid (or clavicipitalean) systems. The diversity and dynamics of endophytes in non clavicipitalean plants make studies of their ecological function challenging. This paper describes the advantage of using molecular techniques to survey the ecological function of endophytes in Populus tremula clones. About 1,000 endophyte isolates were distinguished using traditional methods; these isolates represented approximately 100 morphologically distinct groups. We generated 73 DNA-sequences (18S and ITS rDNA) from these groups and determined 33 distinct taxa. They represented the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, including diverse Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, and three sequences that were identified, by their ITS sequences, as a species of Epicoccum (a genus of supposedly unknown relation within the Ascomycota) were placed within the Pleosporales, in the 18S phylogeny. Primer pairs were designed for eleven of the fungi. Of these, three primers produced bands for a subset of Aspen samples. The primer pairs allowed endophytes in field samples to be readily identified, with a detection limit of 0.15 percent fungal DNA. The presence of fungi in Aspen clones was related to field damage by herbivores and the pathogen Venturia tremula. A negative association was found in two separate surveys between Aureobasidium sp. and herbivore damage, but we found no evidence that endophyte presence was related to a history of Venturia symptoms. This approach promises to enhance greatly the scope for qualitative and quantitative detection of endophyte communities, and to improve our ability to elucidate the ecological function of non clavicipitalean endophytes.
Comparison of dual chamber and ventricular rate responsive pacing in patients over 75 with complete heart block. (1995)

In active elderly patients with complete heart block both DDD and VVIR pacing are associated with improved exercise performance compared with fixed rate VVI pacing. The convenience and reduced cost of VVIR systems, however, may be offset by a higher incidence of the pacemaker syndrome. In elderly patients with complete heart block VVIR pacing results in suboptimal symptomatic benefit and should not be used instead of DDD pacing.
High-speed aerodynamics of several blunt-cone configurations (1986)

The experimental techniques and results from NASA Ames research into the aerodynamics of blunt shapes are described. Two facilities are used: the Hypersonic Free Flight Aerodynamic Facility (HFFAF) and the Pressurized Ballistic Range (PBR). The HFFAF features a 23 m test section through which projectiles can be fired by light-gas guns to achieve velocities up to 9 km/sec in pressures from 1 atm down to 20 microns Mg. Aerodynamic flight data are recorded with shadowgraphs. The 62 m long PBR, with 24 orthogonal spark shadowgraph stations, allows testing in up to 6 atm pressures but with only half the velocity of the HFFAF. Tests have been performed on the Galileo probe to be dropped into the Jovian atmosphere. The Galileo data for a 45 deg cone probe have been similar to Pioneer Venus probe data. Ballistic data are presently being obtained for the probe at Re below 1000, when the drag coefficients are expected to increase dramatically as the probe enters the Jovian atmosphere and begins braking from 4700 m/s speed. Sample test data from an OTV which can change orbits through aerodynamic maneuvers and for several asymmetric configurations ae also provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations with Toluene Derivatives as Pronucleophiles. (2016)

Abstract The first highly enantioselective Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions using benzylic nucleophiles activated with Cr(CO) 3 are developed.
Design Innovation for the Management of Alpha Contaminated Unserviceable Glove Boxes (2013)

With the maturing of nuclear industry, there is an added burden on the Back End of fuel cycle. Radioactive facilities are in the need for refurbishment. This paper describes the steps adopted for managing such alpha contaminated unserviceable Glove Boxes. The first step consisted of in-situ encasement of individual Glove Boxes, encountering the challenges of low head room and space congestion in these laboratories with cognizance to regulatory requirement related to radiation safety. The second step was removal, transfer and placement of encased Glove Boxes in a dedicated facility under continuous surveillance. The glove boxes will remain stored in this facility until arrangements are completed for dismantling and volume reduction in another facility dedicated for this purpose. The final step is the development of an appropriate technique for dismantling/cutting of Glove Boxes in an alpha-tight facility constructed to prevent spread of airborne activity, collection of cut pieces, subsequent decontamination of these metallic wastes and disposal. The paper describes the design scheme for dismantling of the glove box. The description also includes hands on evaluation of tools and gadgets in pilot set-up with a view to incorporating the most credible choice in an upcoming active facility.
Resiliency of metal behaviors in a ferralsol after an anoxic event simultaneous to rum vinasse amendment (2007)

Spreading vinasse on soil enhances the risks of anaerobiosis, metal mobilization, and solid alterations. Our aims were to check whether the retum to aerobic conditions after an anaerobic event erases anaerobic effects on metal mobility and solid properties. Batch incubations of ferralsol slurry were performed according to the sequence aerobiosis (7 d) - anaerobiosis (0, 2, 7, 14, 21 or 28 d) - aerobiosis (28 d), rum vinasse being supplied at the beginning of anaerobiosis. Along the incubations, we characterized gases, organic and mineral solutes, and solids (Fe and Mn oxidation states, cation exchange capacity of the soil). Before anaerobiosis, metal concentrations in solution were low. During anaerobiosis, Fe and Mn were mobilized mainly from soil minerals, their concentrations reaching 4.05 and 6.20 mM, respectively. Thereafter, Fe was immobilized during the first 24 h of aerobiosis through oxidation. Although Mn immobilization was also important, it led to quickly stabilized concentrations of about 1 mM that probably resulted from equilibrium with solids without oxidation. In solids, up to about 35% of Fe was reduced during the 28 d of anaerobiosis, the return to aerobiosis enabling its partial or total re-oxidation in about 4 d. During anaerobiosis, K+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were also mobilized, the vinasse amendment supplying 143, 120, 31, 56 and 50 % of their maximum concentration in solution, respectively. The variations in exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ suggest their partial exchange in anaerobiosis with mobilized Mn2+ and Fe2+, and it would have been probably the same for Pb2+ and Ni2+. This assumption is consolidated by positive correlations between Mn2+ and other metal concentrations, which could be simulated by a model of cation exchange. The soil cation exchange capacity also increased in anaerobiosis and does not return to its initial state after return to aerobic condition. (Texte intégral)
Axi-Symmetrical Transient Temperature Fields and Quasi-Static Thermal Stresses Initiated by a Laser Pulse in a Homogeneous Massive Body (2011)

Axi-Symmetrical Transient Temperature Fields and Quasi-Static Thermal Stresses Initiated by a Laser Pulse in a Homogeneous Massive Body
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, and Cognitive Function in Very Old Men (1997)

Atherosclerosis and thrombosis may lead to cognitive impairment through cerebral infarcts or white matter hyperintensities. Oxidative stress is now seen as a major contributor to the process of atherogenesis. High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic acid, or low intake of antioxidants can increase oxidative stress. High intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its main source, fish, may reduce the risk of thrombosis. Little is known, however, about the relation between these dietary factors and cognitive function. The authors investigated this relation with data derived from a cohort of men, aged 69-89 years, who were participants in the Zutphen Elderly Study. The 30-point Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive impairment in 1990 (score < or = 25 in 153/476 men, 32%) and cognitive decline from 1990 to 1993 (drop > 2 points in 51/342 men, 15%). Food intake was estimated in 1985 and 1990 by the cross-check dietary history method. High linoleic acid intake was associated with cognitive impairment after adjustment for age, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and energy intake (odds ratio (OR) for highest vs. lowest tertile = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.01). Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was not associated with cognitive impairment, whereas high fish consumption tended to be inversely associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.33-1.21) and cognitive decline (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.17-1.16). Intakes of beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and flavonoids were not inversely associated with cognitive impairment or decline. This study raises the possibility that high linoleic acid intake is positively associated with cognitive impairment and high fish consumption inversely associated with cognitive impairment.
Abstract 4322: Kinase activity profiles distinguish papillary thyroid cancers with and without BRAF V600E mutations (2015)

Abstract Background: Most differentiated non medullary thyroid cancers (DTC) are curatively treated by surgery and radio-active iodine ablation therapy. A subset of patients shows recurrence due to a loss of iodine transport. Two main subgroups of recurrent DTC are seen: papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) with somatic BRAF mutations (V600E) and oncocytic follicular cancer. Recurrent DTC are clinically treated by multi-kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib, with a low affinity for BRAF V600E. Vemurafenib and dabrafenib were specifically designed against this mutant. The aim of this study was twofold: - Can benign and malign DTC be classified based on kinase activity profiles? - Do sorafenib (and regorafenib) show different inhibition profiles than dabrafenib? Methods: Tissue cryosections from fresh frozen thyroid tumors were lysed. All tumor specimens were analyzed for BRAF mutations. Serine/threonine kinase (STK) activity profiles of the lysates (0.5 μg protein per array) were generated on PamChip® peptide microarrays, comprising peptide sequences from known human phosphorylation sites. The ex vivo effect of BRAF inhibitors sorafenib, regorafenib and dabrafenib on kinase activity profiles of 14 PTC's was determined as well. Data were analysed with Bionavigator software. Results: A classifier built on the STK kinase activity profiles of 57 thyroid cancer samples was able to classify malignant and benign tumors with a limited error rate. Leave One Out Cross Validation classified 26/35 of malignant and 17/22 of benign samples correctly. Kinase inhibition profiles of PTC's with sorafenib and regorafenib did not discrimate V600E mutants from wild type tumors whereas with dabrafenib 34/144 peptides were identified that potentially differentiated the groups. Conclusions: Serine/threonine kinase activity profiling appears to be able to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Ex vivo spiking in of kinase inhibitors shows differential inhibition in tumors with a somatic BRAF mutation. Potentially, an industrial prediction platform can be envisioned for testing of novel drugs in tumor tissue. Whether individual patient responses against registered kinase inhibitors can be predicted must be investigated. Citation Format: Maria H. Hilhorst, Adrienne van den Berg, Tom van Wezel, Tim Kievits, Piet J. Boender, Rik de Wijn, Rob Ruijtenbeek, Wim Corver, Hans Morreau. Kinase activity profiles distinguish papillary thyroid cancers with and without BRAF V600E mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4322
Capacitor Discharge Spot Welding of Aluminum, Part 1: Weldability Assessments (2021)

A key aspect of integrating automotive sheet into automotive production are the costs associated with joining. While the majority of sheet steel assembly is done with resistance spot welding, that has not readily translated to aluminum. Resistance spot welding of aluminum sheet is challenged by high current demand as well as reduced electrode life. In the latter case, direct current (DC) power supplied by state-of-the-art systems has exacerbated the problem. Recently, technology employing capacitor discharge (CD) welding in conjunction with polarity switching has been developed. This work is a first effort in examining the response of resistance spot welding on aluminum sheet to polarity-switching CD power. In this paper, the current range response between medium-frequency DC (MFDC) and polarity-switching CD was investigated. It was found that polarity-switching CD welding offered improved current ranges over MFDC. In addition, replicate mechanical testing cross-tension results were similar, but tensile shear strengths improved nominally 20–25%. Finally, some limited tests were done to assess the suitability of CD resistance spot welding in the presence of an adhesive. Current range tests with and without a prepulse were done, and both showed excellent weldability.