gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Martensitic high‐nitrogen steels (1992)

Interstitial nitrogen considerably improves the corrosion resistance of low‐tempered martensitic stainless steels. It may be introduced into the bulk by pressure melting or powder metallurgy and into a surface layer by case hardening. The new high‐nitrogen steels (HNS) are suitable for stainless tools and bearings. High‐tempered HNS are outstanding due to a fine dispersion of stable nitrides, which improve the hot and short time creep strength as well as the toughness. This may be used in hot‐work tooling. Long time testing will have to prove whether HNS offer advantages in fossile power plants.
Measurement Uncertainty in Terahertz VNAs: Using Terahertz Vector Network Analyzers for Stable, Accurate Measurement and to Evaluate Uncertainty (2018)

In modern communications networks, wireless technology is frequently used for "last-mile" data transfer and setting up networks that are relatively easy to implement. By 2020, data transfer systems using millimeter-wave signals, i.e.. 340 GHz, will be installed for the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games.
Inflorescence development in petunia: through the maze of botanical terminology (2010)

Flowering plants have developed many ways to arrange their flowers. A flower-bearing branch or system of branches is called an inflorescence. The number of flowers that an inflorescence contains ranges from a single flower to endless flower-clusters. Over the past centuries, botanists have classified inflorescences based on their morphology, which has led to an unfortunate maze of complex botanical terminology. With the rise of molecular developmental biology, research has become increasingly focused on how inflorescences develop, rather than on their morphology. It is the decisions taken by groups of stem cells at the growing tips of shoots, called meristems, on when and where to produce a flower or a shoot that specify the course of inflorescence development. Modelling is a helpful aid to follow the consequences of these decisions for inflorescence development. The so-called transient model can produce the broad inflorescence types: cyme, raceme, and panicle, into which most inflorescences found in nature can be classified. The analysis of several inflorescence branching mutants has led to a solid understanding of cymose inflorescence development in petunia (Petunia hybrida). The cyme of petunia is a distinct body plan compared with the well-studied racemes of Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum, which provides an excellent opportunity to study evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) related questions. However, thus far, limited use has been made of this opportunity, which may, at least in part, be due to researchers getting lost in the terminology. Some general issues are discussed here, while focusing on inflorescence development in petunia.
Resonant light transmission through a nanohole in a metal film (2006)

The maximum wavelength at which light can propagate through a rectangular hole in a metal is dramatically increased due to the existence of surface-plasmon (SP) waves along the edges of the hole. For example, a 15-nm-wide hole in silver can have a cutoff wavelength more than double that of a perfect electric conductor. Furthermore, we show that there is a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot (FP) resonance for light transmission close to the cutoff wavelength, which gives a peak in the transmission. Impedance mismatch between the hole and free space provides the reflection required for the FP resonance. Due to the SPs in the hole, the reflection coefficient is typically larger in amplitude and has a smaller phase-shift than what has previously been observed in microwave systems. Our findings using analytic theory, finite-difference mode calculations, and finite-difference time-domain simulations agree well with recent experiments on the transmission through subwavelength rectangular holes. The transmission resonances found in a single subwavelength hole are of interest to nanolithography, biosensors, subwavelength microscopy, and photonic integrated circuits.
Reference values for TSH may be inadequate to define hypothyroidism in persons with morbid obesity: Di@bet.es study (2017)

Persons with morbid obesity might be inappropriately classified if the standard ranges of normality of TSH for the normal-weight population are applied to them.
Factors influencing DTPA conjugation with antibodies by cyclic DTPA anhydride. (1983)

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was conjugated with a practical concentration (300 micrograms/ml) of antibody to human albumin (Ab) and 1083 17-1A monoclonal colorectal antibody (MAb-17-1A) via an acylation reaction using cyclic DTPA anhydride (cDTPAA). The conjugation reaction was favored as pH increased. Bicarbonate buffer at pH 8.2 was chosen for studies of the effect of the cDTPAA-to-antibody ratio on DTPA conjugation with antibody because of its good buffer capacity at that pH. The reaction of cDTPAA with Ab at molar ratios of 2000, 1000, 500, and 100 in the bicarbonate buffer gave rise to 11, 9, 8, and 2 indium atoms incorporated per Ab with 47%, 55%, 59%, and 77% retention of the binding activity. For the conjugation reaction of MAb-17-1A, 29, 28, 31, 11, 4, and 1 indium atoms were incorporated, with the retention of less than 5%, less than 5%, less than 5%, 12%, 60%, and 93% of binding activity when the molar ratio was 5000, 2000, 1000, 500, 100, and 50.
Compositional Modeling of Oil-Based-Mud-Filtrate Cleanup During Wireline Formation Tester Sampling (2008)

Summary Miscible oil-based-mud (OBM) filtrate contamination poses a major challenge to the acquisition of representative fluid samples using wireline formation testers (WFTs). A sound understanding of the OBM-filtrate cleanup process and identification of first-order impact parameters are of paramount importance for the design of next-generation WFT probes that can operate in OBM-filtrate environments with enhanced efficiency. We have constructed a numerical model for OBM-filtrate cleanup using an equation-of-state (EOS) compositional fluid-flow simulator. The numerical cleanup model honors the physics of multicomponent-fluid flow and the thermodynamics of phase behavior. Simulation results exhibit close agreement with analytical predictions and with field data for the time dependence of contamination during sampling. First-order impact parameters were identified through a sensitivity study using the numerical model. It has been found that the clean-up function is predominantly governed by permeability anisotropy, porosity, cleanup flowrate, viscosity ratio, depth of invasion, distance between the WFT probe and a sealing boundary, formation thickness, and wellbore radius. A response-surface-based contamination model (RSCM) was developed using the above-described simulation investment with additional runs. RSCM constitutes a rapid approximate model and can serve as a prejob-planning or real-time-analysis tool. Our simulation and rapid-modeling results compare well with empirical observations made in the field. In particular, the rate of change of miscible contamination with time has been found to vary between t0.3 and t0.6, with t0.45 representing a good average value. For the first time, modeling has been shown to give essentially the same results as empirical observations.
Estimating ocean-air heat fluxes during cold air outbreaks by satellite (1981)

Nomograms of mean column heating due to surface sensible and latent heat fluxes were developed. Mean sensible heating of the cloud free region is related to the cloud free path (CFP, the distance from the shore to the first cloud formation) and the difference between land air and sea surface temperatures, theta sub 1 and theta sub 0, respectively. Mean latent heating is related to the CFP and the difference between land air and sea surface humidities q sub 1 and q sub 0 respectively. Results are also applicable to any path within the cloud free region. Corresponding heat fluxes may be obtained by multiplying the mean heating by the mean wind speed in the boundary layer. The sensible heating estimated by the present method is found to be in good agreement with that computed from the bulk transfer formula. The sensitivity of the solutions to the variations in the initial coastal soundings and large scale subsidence is also investigated. The results are not sensitive to divergence but are affected by the initial lapse rate of potential temperature; the greater the stability, the smaller the heating, other things being equal. Unless one knows the lapse rate at the shore, this requires another independent measurement. For this purpose the downwind slope of the square of the boundary layer height is used, the mean value of which is also directly proportional to the mean sensible heating. The height of the boundary layer should be measurable by future spaceborn lidar systems.
Le rôle des informations visuelles dans les premiers contrôles posturaux (1981)

Résumé De nombreux travaux récents s'attachent à étudier, chez le bébé, le rôle des informations visuelles dans les réponses posturales à l'environnement. Ils montrent qu'une coordination s'établit très précocement entre le système visuel et le système vestibulaire : dès les premières semaines de la vie, le nourrisson répond à des variations du champ visuel par des réajustements posturaux systématiques. Les rapports entre perception visuelle et posture sont décelables dans l'oculo-motricité et dans le contrôle tonique de la tête : la poursuite saccadique, faite de séquences toujours composées d'un ancrage du regard suivi de rotations de la tête jusqu'à un nouvel ancrage en constitue un exemple. Ces rapports se manifestent également dans des activités de positionnement plus globales, alors que la maturation posturale est loin d'être achevée, par la réaction de placement à des extensions optiques, et par des ajustements relatifs des diverses parties du corps à des caractéristiques précises de la stimulation visuelle. L'évolution de ces activités posturales montre que, dans ce domaine, une intégration s'accomplit au cours des premiers mois grâce à l'organisation fonctionnelle de sous-systèmes de plus en plus étendus.
Non-Linear Digital Control Breaks Bandwidth Limitations (2006)

The bandwidth achievable by using linear control in SMPS is limited either by the switching frequency or by the robustness of the system. Fast transient response requires high switching frequency. However, lower switching frequencies could be more suitable to maximize efficiency. On the other hand, if high switching frequency is not a problem, high bandwidth is difficult to obtain because of noise, plant variation and non-idealities of the error amplifier. This paper proposes two different approaches based on the combination of nonlinear control with linear control to break these limitations. These strategies are applied for dynamic voltage scaling and two prototypes are built to validate the concepts.
Formation of Ultra Fine Ferrite and Determination of Critical Strain in the Strain Induced Dynamic Transformation for 0.22C-Mn Steel (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The StasHH Fuel-Cell Module Standard (2022)

This paper describes and motivates a standard for heavy-duty hydrogen fuel-cell modules in terms of their form factors and interfaces, both physical and digital. The goal is that the standardised fuel cell modules shall be suitable for multiple applications such as ships, trains, stationary generator sets in addition to heavy duty vehicles. While standards have been developed for test protocols, safety, and fuelling operations, little to no work has been done to define an interchangeable standard for fuel-cell modules. Such a standard can prove decisive to pool several heavy-duty markets together, accelerate design and realisation of hydrogen vehicles, enable competition among fuel-cell module manufacturers, and reduce their total cost of ownership. The StasHH project is developing prototypes from eight major manufacturers and will test them during 2023.
A survey of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in tall fescue and its relatives (1991)

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have several advantages over conventional genetic markers and as a result have received increased attention from plant breeders and geneticists. The objective of this study was to construct a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genomic library and to survey RFLPs in tall fescue and its relatives. Using plasmid pUC19 as a vector and Escherichia coli XL1-Blue cells as hosts, the first reported PstI genomic DNA library has been established from hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) tall fescue. The genomic clones were evaluated using nine genotypes from three species of Festuca and three restriction enzymes (BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII). One hundred and seventy-four probes gave readable results, of which 21% were repetitive and 79% single-copy. The single-copy probes revealed good polymorphism in tall fescue. Approximately 21% of the probes did not cross hybridize to any of the diploids or tetraploids or both and, therefore, represented genome-specific clones.Key words: tall fescue, genome-specific probes, genomic library, polyploids, genomic relationships
Satellite jamming: A game theoretic analysis (2017)

In this paper, the problem of minimizing the damaging effect on the frequency hopping (FH) spread-spectrum satellite is formulated using the two-player asymmetric zero-sum game framework. The payoff is modeled as the channel capacity of the defender under white additive Gaussian noise. The defender and attacker are capable of spreading their signals over a pre-specified frequency band. Two scenarios are considered: (a) both the attacker and defender know each other's strategies, (b) the defender knows the attacker's strategy, but not vice versa. In each of these scenarios, we further consider whether the players have the knowledge about the environments. We show how to analytically determine the optimal strategies for the players in each scenario, and provide simulation results to verify our approach.
LDSD 2015 TEST (2015)

A NASA scientific balloon carried aloft the Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD) test vehicle on June 8, 2015, from the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) on Hawaiian island of Kauai
A fix for fixation? Rerepresenting and abstracting as creative processes in the design of information systems (2010)

Abstract Fixation prevents the associations that are bridges to new designs. The inability to see alternative solutions, or even to see how to map known solutions onto current problems, is a particularly acute problem in the design of software-intensive systems. Here, we explored two related ways of liberating fixated thinking: abstracting and rerepresenting. Although both techniques helped designers generate original ideas, not all the added ideas fit the problem constraints. We discuss ways the results might be used to generate reflective design aids that help designers to first generate original ideas and later prune them.
New OMEx Deputy Editor: editorial (2022)

Editor-in-Chief, Andrea Alù, announces the appointment of Alessandro Salandrino as Deputy Editor for Optical Materials Express .
Isolation of high quality graphene from Ru by solution phase intercalation (2013)

We introduce a method for isolating graphene grown on epitaxial Ru(0001)/α-Al2O3. The strong graphene/Ru(0001) coupling is weakened by electrochemically driven intercalation of hydrogen underpotentially deposited in aqueous KOH solution, which allows the penetration of water molecules at the graphene/Ru(0001) interface. Following these electrochemically driven processes, the graphene can be isolated by electrochemical hydrogen evolution and transferred to arbitrary supports. Raman and transport measurements demonstrate the high quality of the transferred graphene. Our results show that intercalation, typically carried out in vacuum, can be extended to solution environments for graphene processing under ambient conditions.
The kiss of death in FL (2011)

In this issue of Blood, Laurent et al use 3-D confocal imaging to visualize CD8+ T-cell lytic immune synapses in follicular lymphoma and report that this activity may influence progression-free survival after rituximab-chemotherapy.
RIA RFQ Beam Dynamic Studies (2002)

In this paper we present an analysis of the beam dynamics of a possible RFQ for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac [1]. The highest frequency linac structure will be 805 MHz. Two linac designs have been considered, a 14 th harmonic based lattice beginning with 57.5 MHz structures and a 10 th harmonic based lattice with 80.5 MHz structures. Both frequency RFQs are designed for U 28+ with an input energy of 12.4 keV/u. The output energy is 169 keV/u for the 57.5 MHz RFQ and 292 keV/u for the 80.5 MHz RFQ. To increase the total beam power of the driver linac, the RFQ must be capable of accelerating two charge states (28,29) simultaneously. Two charge state acceleration increases the longitudinal emittance significantly. Therefore, one major design issue was the minimization of the longitudinal emittance. To optimize the RFQ accelerator subject to a variety of design criteria (emittance growth, tank length, transverse acceptance) an optimization program has been developed. We present a new method of generating RFQ parameter curves (i.e. modulation and synchronous phase) and of optimizing RFQ accelerators.
The influence of energy, nutritional value and noxiousness of prey in sex- and size-biased predation by Snail Kites in southern South America (2017)

Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) feed almost exclusively on Apple Snails (Pomacea spp.). While field observations indicate they discard the noxious albumen gland (AG) when feeding on female snails, there is no information on the energy lost by this behaviour, the gland composition, or whether there are associated snail sex preferences. We addressed, for the first time, these aspects for Snail Kites foraging on Pomacea canaliculata in southern South America. The whole snail’s biochemical composition exhibited significant differences between sexes. Proteins and carbohydrates were the major energy-providing components. Soft parts provide ~2.91 ± 0.16 and 2.50 ± 0.14 Kcal g−1 dry weight (dw) for male and female without the AG, respectively, while the AG accounts for 15% of available energy. The size and sex of prey consumed, determined at foraging perches sampled monthly, showed that Snail Kites preferentially fed on the largest snails available throughout the sampling period. Even though the remains of the female body without the AG have less energy than males, sex preferential predation towards females was observed. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the optimal foraging trade-off between prey size/sex and nutrition/energy in Snail Kites. After discarding the AG, male and female snails of equivalent size provide different nutrients and energy, though Snail Kite foraging is generally biased towards females mostly as a result of their larger size, suggesting that Snail Kites are unable to distinguish between the sexes.
Turing meets Moore-Penrose: Computing the Pseudoinverse on Turing Machines (2022)

The pseudoinverse of a matrix, a generalized notion of the inverse, is of fundamental importance in linear algebra and, thereby, in many different fields. Despite its proven existence, an algorithmic approach is typically necessary to obtain the pseudoinverse in practical applications. Therefore, we analyze if and to what degree the pseudoinverse can be computed on perfect digital hardware platforms modeled as Turing machines. For this, we utilize the notion of an effective algorithm that describes a provably correct computation: upon an input of any error parameter, the algorithm provides an approximation within the given error bound with respect to the unknown solution. We prove that a universal effective algorithm for computing the pseudoinverse of any matrix with a finite error bound does not exist on Turing machines. However, for specific classes of matrices, we show that provably correct algorithms exist and obtain a characterization of the properties of the input set, leading to the effective computability breakdown.
Carrier load balancing and packet scheduling for multi-carrier systems (2010)

Abstract-In this paper we focus on resource allocation for next generation wireless communication systems with aggregation of multiple Component Carriers (CCs), i.e., how to assign the CCs to each user, and how to multiplex multiple users in each CC. We first investigate two carrier load balancing methods for allocating the CCs to the users- Round Robin (RR) and Mobile Hashing (MH) balancing by means of a simple theoretical formulation, as well as system level simulations. At Layer-2 we propose a simple cross-CC packet scheduling algorithm that improves the coverage performance and the resource allocation fairness among users, as compared to independent scheduling per CC. The Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced is selected for the case study of a multi-carrier system. In such a system, RR provides better performance than MH balancing, and the proposed simple scheduling algorithm is shown to be effective in providing up to 90% coverage gain with no loss of the overall cell throughput, as compared to independent scheduling per CC.
Fast Modifications of the SpikeProp Algorithm (2006)

In this paper we develop and analyze Spiking Neural Network (SNN) versions of Resilient Propagation (RProp) and QuickProp, both training methods used to speed up training in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by making certain assumptions about the data and the error surface. Modifications are made to both algorithms to adapt them to SNNs. Results generated on standard XOR and Fisher Iris data sets using the QuickProp and RProp versions of SpikeProp are shown to converge to a final error of 0.5 - an average of 80% faster than using SpikeProp on its own.
Tumor proliferation, p53 expression, and apoptosis in laryngeal carcinoma (1998)

Ki-67 proliferation measurement and the pretreatment apoptotic index are useful in predicting the clinical outcome of laryngeal carcinoma patients referred for radiotherapy. The role of p53 oncoprotein determination in predicting these outcomes is unclear. Assessment of biologic tumor characteristics could aid in the selection of patients for different treatment strategies.
Media Information Processing for Robotics. Modeling from Reality. (1998)

This paper presents an overview of our efforts in modeling-from-realty to create virtual reality models through observation of real objects. These efforts span three aspects: how to create geometric models of virtual objects; how to create photometric models of virtual objects; and how to integrate such virtual objects with real scenes. For geometric model creation, we have developed a two-step method: simultaneous alignment and volumetric view merging. For photometric model creation, we have developed two methods, model-based and eigen-texture rendering methods, both of which automatically create models by observing the real objects. For the integration of virtual objects with real scenes, we have developed a method that renders virtual objects based on real illumination distribution. We have successfully tested the proposed methods by using real images to demonstrate their effectiveness.