gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Dissipation Measurements on Recovered Energy Logic (2005)

Recovered Energy Logic is a low power logic topology powered and clocked by a single ac supply volt- age. This paper describes the operation of the circuit and presents measurements showing that this approach can re- duce dissipation by a factor of 5 to 17 over conventional CMOS logic.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α inhibits the injurious effects of adiponectin in rat steatotic liver undergoing ischemia–reperfusion (2007)

Steatotic livers are more predisposed to down-regulate PPAR-alpha and overexpress adiponectin when subjected to I/R. PPAR-alpha agonists and adiponectin siRNA are promising candidates to protect steatotic livers. PPAR-alpha agonists as well as PC, through PPAR-alpha, inhibited MAPK expression following I/R. This in turn inhibited adiponectin accumulation in steatotic livers and adiponectin-worsening effects on oxidative stress and hepatic injury.
Interleukin-3 and ex vivo maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells: facts and controversies. (2004)

Although the utilization of IL-3 in the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells has been considered as an attractive possibility, its mode of action remains unclear and controversial. Some reports show that IL-3 maintains or even enhances primitive stem cell activity, whereas others show the opposite. The presence of serum in culture media enhances the pro-differentiating effect of IL-3 on stem cells. Conversely, addition of IL-3 to serum-free cultures improves the capacity of TPO, SCF and Flt3-ligand to promote the self-renewal of primitive stem cells. The presence or absence of serum or of some serum substitutes (in serum-free cultures), as well as other culture parameters are probably responsible for these contrasting effects of IL-3 on stem cells. However, none of the data presently evaluated bring a clear, definitive explanation to this apparent paradox. Those data that appear to be the most informative are presented and discussed in this "technical review".
Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxides and Silicates:  Possible Gate Insulators for Future Microelectronics (2001)

New chemical reactions are introduced for the atomic layer deposition of many metal oxide and metal silicate films from metal alkylamide precursors. The results for hafnium and lanthanum oxides and silicates overturn a long-held assumption that bulky reactants necessarily lead to low deposition rates. There is an urgent need for a replacement for silicon dioxide gate electrodes in microelectronics. The new deposition methods furnish a very promising approach to making materials suitable for this important application.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Semi‐Bridging Molybdenum Borylene Complexes (2007)

Abstract Investigation of the reactivity of the molybdenum borylene complex [(OC) 5 Mo=B=N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] towards the late transition metal complexes [M(PCy 3 ) 2 ] (M = Pd, Pt) indicated the formation of [(OC) 4 Mo(μ ‐ CO){μ ‐ BN(SiMe 3 ) 2 }Pd(PCy 3 )] and [(Cy 3 P)(OC) 3 Mo(μ ‐ CO){μ ‐ BN(SiMe 3 ) 2 }Pt(PCy 3 )], respectively, as the first Mo‐based semi‐bridging borylene complexes. The new complexes were fully characterised spectroscopically and analysed by X‐ray diffraction. The conclusions drawn from the experimental data for the ligand‐metal interactions for this particular coordination mode of a borylene group were supported by DFT computations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Tracking ARFI induced shear wave propagation by using maximum likelihood estimation (2011)

Shear wave propagation speed in tissue provides valuable diagnostic information to clinicians and has been investigated in many clinical studies. While shear velocity measurement based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging produces reliable results in homogeneous media, it is still a challenge to accurately detect the shear wave propagation velocity in heterogeneous tissue. The reflection of the shear wave in heterogeneous media can severely alter the displacement temporal profile shape from location to location and makes detection methods perform poorly when estimating shear wave propagation time. In this work a parametric model was developed to minimize the affect of altered displacement profile on the estimate. The new method uses shear velocities between the excitation and detection spaces as model parameters and uses the normalized displacement temporal profiles at detection locations as probability distribution functions. A joint density (likelihood) function is then constructed based on the shear velocities and the displacement profiles. Searching for the maximum value of the likelihood function by using an iterative method produces estimates of the shear velocity which are more robust to shear wave reflections.
Channel State and Receiver State feedback for frequency-selective block fading channels (2008)

In a fading communication channel, it is often beneficial to feedback Channel State Information (CSI) and Receiver State Information (RSI) to the transmitter. The CSI generally refers to information about the channel condition available at the receiver, while the RSI in this work is defined as information about the receive’s estimate of the message. The RSI can be used to improve reliability, e.g., through retransmission. This paper considers multi-carrier transmission through a doubly-selective Rayleigh fading channel, and studies the trade-off between the feedback of CSI and RSI under total feedback constraint. In particular, the CSI feedback specifies which groups of sub-channels to activate with equal power, and the RSI feedback determines retransmissions of a codeword. The problem is how to allocate feedback bits between CSI and RSI in order to maximize the error probability exponent. It is found that the optimal trade-off exhibits phase transitions which depends critically on the coherence time and the total amount of feedback. Specifically, the first feedback bits should be CSI up to a critical amount. Additional feedback bits, if available, should be allocated to RSI first, and then to both CSI and RSI. For the model considered, as the amount of feedback exceeds a certain threshold, additional RSI feedback is not beneficial unless CSI feedback increases accordingly.
Structure of coagulation factor VIII bound to a patient-derived anti-C1 domain antibody inhibitor (2023)

The development of pathogenic antibody inhibitors against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) occurs in ∼30% of patients with congenital hemophilia A receiving FVIII replacement therapy, as well as in all cases of acquired hemophilia A. KM33 is an anti-C1 domain antibody inhibitor previously isolated from a patient with severe hemophilia A. In addition to potently blocking FVIII binding to von Willebrand factor and phospholipid surfaces, KM33 disrupts FVIII binding to lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which drives FVIII hepatic clearance and antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Here, we report on the structure of FVIII bound to NB33, a recombinant derivative of KM33, via single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Structural analysis revealed that the NB33 epitope localizes to the FVIII residues R2090-S2094 and I2158-R2159, which constitute membrane-binding loops in the C1 domain. Further analysis revealed that multiple FVIII lysine and arginine residues, previously shown to mediate binding to LRP1, dock onto an acidic cleft at the NB33 variable domain interface, thus blocking a putative LRP1 binding site. Together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism of FVIII inhibition by a patient-derived antibody inhibitor and provide structural evidence for engineering FVIII with reduced LRP1-mediated clearance.
Resonant excitation of interface waves on a compliant coating in the presence of a fluid flow (1989)

The stability of interface waves on a compliant coating, attached to a rigid substrate and exposed to a laminar or turbulent fluid flow, has been the subject of several theoretical studies, and of experimental investigations in which the onset and growth of instability waves was determined. Solutions of the characteristic equation of the problem have been obtained, which furnish dispersion curves and stability information for the interface waves, assuming a compressible fluid in order to attain the correct static limit. It has been shown that the excitation of these interface waves can occur in a resonant fashion; using this approach, an accurate experimental determination of the dispersion curves, the onset of instability, and the growth properties of interface waves will be possible.
A comparison of cyclostationary and envelope analysis in the diagnostics of rolling element bearings (2002)

Some machine signals, while being almost periodic, are not exactly phase-locked to shaft speeds. Typical examples are the impulsive signals from faults in rolling element bearings, which because of slip, are cyclostationary of second order. Thus the spectral correlation diagram has discrete cyclic frequencies and integrating the spectral correlation diagram along the frequency axis produces a discrete frequency spectrum, which has thus been suggested as a simpler way of presenting the data. However, as shown in this paper, this gives the same result as a Fourier transform of the squared signal, which is much more easily produced directly. The result is then very closely related to "envelope analysis" which has long been used in the diagnostics of rolling element bearings. This paper demonstrates that the optimum results are normally obtained by analyzing the squared envelope of an analytic signal (with bandpass filtered one-sided spectrum).
The Potent Relaxant Effect of Adenosine in Rabbit Corpora Cavernosa Is Nitric Oxide Independent and Mediated by A2 Receptors (1995)

ABSTRACT: In the present study the effect of adenosine and adenosine analogues on rabbit isolated cavernosal smooth muscle has been evaluated in comparison with the effect of acetylcholine and electrical field stimulation. In the presence of guanethidine and indomethacin, acetylcholine and electrical field stimulation relaxed the rabbit corpus cavernosum, which was precontracted with phenylephrine. The nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, N ω‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methylester (L‐NAME), greatly reduced the relaxation induced by electrical stimulation and completely abolished the relaxant effect of acetylcholine. A concentration‐dependent relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum was produced by adenosine; this effect was not modified by L‐NAME, but was reduced by adenosine deaminase. On the other hand, the adenosine‐induced relaxation was potentiated by the inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, erythro‐9‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐nonyl)adenine and by the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole. Moreover, the effect of adenosine was antagonized by the unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist 8‐phenyttheophyllnie. The receptor subtypes involved in cavernosal relaxation were characterized by using selective receptor antagonists: 1,3‐dipropyi‐8‐cydopentylxanthine, a blocker of A, receptors, did not modify adenosine‐induced relaxation. This effect was, however, antagonized by the A 2 ‐receptor antagonist CGS15943. A relaxant effect was also obtained with nanomolar concentrations of two synthetic adenosine analogues, the preferential A 2 receptor agonist 5′‐ N ‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and the A 2a selective agonist CGS21680. These results demonstrated that adenosine has potent relaxant activity on the corpus cavernosum, acting through a mechanism different from the nitric oxide pathway, and that receptors involved in the effect of adenosine belong to the A 2 . subtype.
Dispersion tuning and route reconfiguration of acoustic waves in valley topological phononic crystals (2020)

The valley degree of freedom in crystals offers great potential for manipulating classical waves, however, few studies have investigated valley states with complex wavenumbers, valley states in graded systems, or dispersion tuning for valley states. Here, we present tunable valley phononic crystals (PCs) composed of hybrid channel-cavity cells with three tunable parameters. Our PCs support valley states and Dirac cones with complex wavenumbers. They can be configured to form chirped valley PCs in which edge modes are slowed to zero group velocity states, where the energy at different frequencies accumulates at different designated locations. They enable multiple functionalities, including tuning of dispersion relations for valley states, robust routing of surface acoustic waves, and spatial modulation of group velocities. This work may spark future investigations of topological states with complex wavenumbers in other classical systems, further study of topological states in graded materials, and the development of acoustic devices.
Polymer-Like Polyphenols of Black Tea and Their Lipase and Amylase Inhibitory Activities (2008)

Lipase and amylase inhibitory activities of black tea were examined. After solvent partitioning of a black tea extract with the ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the two soluble fractions showed comparable inhibitory activities. Activity in the ethyl acetate fraction was mainly attributable to polyphenols with low-molecular weights, such as theaflavin gallates. On the other hand, the active substance in the n-butanol layer was ascertained to be a polymer-like substance. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra showed signals arising from the flavan A-ring and galloyl groups, although signals due to flavan B-rings were not detected, suggesting that the polymer-like substances were generated by oxidative condensation of flavan B-rings, a result which was previously deduced from our results of in vitro catechin oxidation experiments. Enzymatic oxidation of epicatechin 3-O-gallate produced a similar polymer-like substance and suggested that condensation between a B-ring and galloyl groups was involved in the polymerization reaction.
Dynamics of interleukin-6 internalization and degradation in rat hepatocytes. (1992)

We have investigated the dissociation, internalization, and degradation of 125I-interleukin-6 (125I-IL-6) by primary rat hepatocytes. Temperature shift experiments following saturation binding of 125I-IL-6 to cell surface receptors in hepatocytes showed a rapid loss of surface-bound 125I-IL-6 (t1/2 = 15 min), concomitant with a rapid rise in internalized radiolabeled ligand. After reaching a maximum by 30 min at 37 degrees C, the level of internalized 125I-IL-6 decreased with time and appeared in the culture media in a non-trichloroacetic acid-precipitable (degraded) state. The addition of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine inhibited this receptor-mediated degradation of IL-6 without affecting ligand internalization. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of internalized 125I-IL-6 confirms these results. Additionally, we show that the IL-6.IL-6 receptor complex is stable, and dissociation of these two molecular species occurs at a pH below 5.0. In contrast to published results, data presented in this study clearly indicate that IL-6 is rapidly internalized and degraded within hepatocytes by a receptor-mediated mechanism.
Estimation of changes in side chain configurational entropy in binding and folding: General methods and application to helix formation (1994)

Theoretical estimations of changes in side chain configurational entropy are essential for understanding the different contributions to the overall thermodynamic behavior of important biological processes like folding and binding. The configurational entropy of any given side chain in any particular protein can be evaluated from the complete energy profile of the side chain. Calculations of the energy profiles can be performed using the side chain single bond dihedrals as the only independent variables as long as the structures at each value of the dihedrals are allowed to relax through small changes in the valence bond angles. The probabilities of different side chain conformers obtained from these energy profiles are very similar to the conformer populations obtained by analysis of side chain preferences in the proteins of the Protein Data Bank. Also, side chain conformational entropies obtained from the energy profiles agree extremely well with those obtained from the Protein Data Bank conformer populations. Changes in side chain configurational entropy in binding and folding can be computed as differences in conformational entropy because, in most cases, the frequency of the rotational oscillation around the energy minimum of any given conformer does not appear to change significantly in the reactions. Changes of side chain conformational entropy calculated in this way were compared with experimental values. The only available experimental data--the effect of side chain substitution on the stability of alpha-helices--were used for this comparison. The experimental values were corrected to subtract the solvent contributions. This comparison yields an excellent agreement between calculated and experimental values, validating not only the theoretical estimates but also the separability of the entropic contributions into configurational terms and solvation related terms.
RGD-tethered Silk Substrate Stimulates the Differentiation of Human Tendon Cells (2006)

Tendon reconstruction surgery often requires healing of the tendon to bone. The development of a more rapid and strong interaction at the tendon to bone interface would be invaluable to patients having orthopaedic surgery. Therefore, our rationale was to modify sutures so that they would be anabolic for tendon to bone healing. It has been shown that silk stimulates bone formation in osteoblast cultures. In the current study, we tested the ability of silk and silk-RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) to stimulate human tenocyte adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. A 1.3-fold increase in tenocyte adhesion was found on silk-RGD compared with tissue culture plastic. By 72 hours, proliferation had increased on all substrates but was particularly enhanced on silk-RGD compared with the control. At 6 weeks, Northern blot analysis of decorin and Type I collagen mRNA levels showed a 2-3-fold increase in message levels on silk-RGD and silk compared with tissue culture plastic. The data suggest cultured human tenocytes adhere, proliferate, and differentiate on silk and silk-RGD substrates. A suture material, such as silk, decorated with RGD, may have the potential to facilitate tendon-bone healing with widespread applications in tendon reconstruction surgery.
A high-content platform to characterise human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide invaluable opportunities for future cell therapies as well as for studying human development, modelling diseases and discovering therapeutics. In order to realise the potential of iPSCs, it is crucial to comprehensively characterise cells generated from large cohorts of healthy and diseased individuals. The human iPSC initiative (HipSci) is assessing a large panel of cell lines to define cell phenotypes, dissect inter- and intra-line and donor variability and identify its key determinant components. Here we report the establishment of a high-content platform for phenotypic analysis of human iPSC lines. In the described assay, cells are dissociated and seeded as single cells onto 96-well plates coated with fibronectin at three different concentrations. This method allows assessment of cell number, proliferation, morphology and intercellular adhesion. Altogether, our strategy delivers robust quantification of phenotypic diversity within complex cell populations facilitating future identification of the genetic, biological and technical determinants of variance. Approaches such as the one described can be used to benchmark iPSCs from multiple donors and create novel platforms that can readily be tailored for disease modelling and drug discovery.
The Circle-Grid Electrode on Concentrated GaAs Solar Cells Efficiency (2011)

The relationship between front contact pattern of GaAs single-junction solar cell with conversion efficiency at different concentration ratios is studied in this paper. Five different front circle-grid patterns were designed and patterned on the in-house fabricated single junction GaAs solar cells. At high light concentration ratio, the cell efficiency is strongly dependent on the series resistance of the electrode. At the same time, the thermal effect should also be taken into consideration, especially when a device is operating under high concentration ratio. Therefore, the aim of this work is to find a suitable front contact pattern for a GaAs single-junction solar cell to increase the conversion efficiency under high concentration solar radiation. It is found that the device with proper pattern design geometrical shadowing factor of 7.1% has the best cell efficiency of 27.05% at CR&gt;100x, AM1.5G.
NEXAFS study for optimization of hard DLC films formation with Ar cluster ion beam (2003)

Hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have outstanding characteristics with extremely thin film thickness, and will be required for various nano-scale devices. The requirements of this coating are high hardness, smooth surface, and low friction coefficient with thin film thickness below a few nm. The present films made with plasma enhanced CVD process will not be sufficient for hardness to achieve higher recording density in the future. To make films satisfying the above demands, a new method employing Ar cluster ion beam assisted deposition was proposed.
Comparison of Fouling Behavior in Cellulose Triacetate Membranes Applied in Forward and Reverse Osmosis (2022)

Membrane fouling is inevitable during the membrane separation process. The difference in the driving force of reverse osmosis (RO) and forward osmosis (FO) affects the behavior of foulants. Thus, in this work, we examined the behavior of different foulants during the FO or RO process, including before and after physical cleaning of the membrane. The foulants used were alginate (Alg-Na), humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and colloidal silica. The commercial cellulose triacetate membrane was used for both FO and RO processes to investigate the behavior of foulants fairly. During the RO process, the formation of the gel network between alginate and calcium ions tends to accumulate on the surface of the membrane, leading to the formation of a dense layer of the foulant, consequently decreasing the flux. Having HA in the feed, RO and FO processes had a similar flux decline, whereas having alginate and BSA, the flux decline during the RO process was higher than the FO process. When colloidal silica was presented in the feed, the membrane in the RO process had constant flux throughout the testing, whereas the membrane in the FO process had a remarkable decrease in flux. Silicas were adhered more on the membrane tested in FO. It was presumed that the reverse salt diffusion facilitates the aggregation of the silica on the membrane surface, leading to a reduction of flux by cake-enhanced concentration polarization in the foulant layer of silica. Therefore, the foulant properties, type of draw solution, the structure of the foulant layer, and the interaction between the foulant and membrane are important to consider in the fouling behavior in RO and FO processes. This understanding of the fouling behavior in the FO process will lead to the development of the optimum FO process.
Factorization of Polynomials (1990)

The last few years there have been a lot of exciting new results in the area of factorization of polynomials. In this note we give an overview of the most important results, and we give some directions for future research.