gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient and Chemoselective Procedure for Acylal Synthesis (2010)

A novel heterogeneous efficient procedure has been developed for the chemoselective synthesis of acylals (1,1-diacetates) under solvent-free conditions. A novel catalyst prepared by the sulfuric acid catalyzed copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid and paraformaldehyde displays extremely high activities for the title reactions, affording average yields over 90% within several minutes. A comparative study showed that the novel catalyst has much higher activity than other catalysts used for this purpose. Besides, the novel catalyst displays chemoselectivity for the protection of aldehydes in the presence of ketones. In addition the high acidity (4.0 mmol/g), thermal stability (200 ºC) and easy reusability make the novel catalyst one of the best choices for the process.
NITRIC OXIDE: A Physiologic Messenger Molecule (1994)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Reaction of Isoquinolinium Ylides and Isoquinolinium Imines with Ketenethioacetal Derivatives (1977)

The reaction of isoquinolinium N-ylides with ketenethioacetals in the presence of triethylamine or potassium carbonate as a base in ethanol or dimethylformamide gave isoquinolinium N-allylides, pyrrolo [2, 1-a] isoquinolines, and pyrrolo [1, 2-b] isoquinolines. The reaction of isoquinolinium N-imines with ketenethioacetals afforded the stabilized isoquinolinium N-imine and pyrazolo [5, 1-a] isoquinoline derivatives.
Network Traffic Anomaly Prediction for Beyond 5G Networks (2022)

Network traffic anomalies can have a detrimental effect on end-to-end network performance and reliability, compromising severely (demanding) services and applications, such as those offered by the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and beyond. To prevent the network drift towards increasingly inefficient operating modes, such traffic anomalies need to be detected first, so that the proper actions be taken to avoid such undesirable network drift. This paper proposes a novel framework focusing on proactively detecting such traffic anomalies, that is, predicting upcoming network traffic anomalies before they actually occur. To this end, two mechanisms are developed: a mechanism aiming at identifying different network traffic behaviors in an automated manner; and a mechanism for predicting network traffic behaviors for the next time interval spanning several seconds. The automated network traffic anomaly identification is realized via the application of clustering and decision tree-based learning. A time series model (specifically, a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) Autoencoder) is employed for the proactive detection of forthcoming network traffic behaviors. Evaluation results are derived showing a prediction accuracy of up to 90.02%, demonstrating the effectiveness and viability of the proposed framework, as well as its potential for higher effectiveness compared to a state-of-the-art solution.
Slaying little dragons: the impact of the Guinea Worm Eradication Program on dracunculiasis disability averted from 1990 to 2016 (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The objective of this study was to document the worldwide decline of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease, GWD) burden, expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from 1990 to 2016, as estimated in the Global Burden of Disease study 2016 (GBD 2016). While the annual number of cases of GWD have been consistently reported by WHO since the 1990s, the burden of disability due to GWD has not previously been quantified in GBD. <b>Methods:</b> The incidence of GWD was modeled for each endemic country using annual national case reports. A literature search was conducted to characterize the presentation of GWD, translate the clinical symptoms into health sequelae, and then assign an average duration to the infection. Prevalence measures by sequelae were multiplied by disability weights to estimate DALYs. <b>Results:</b> The total DALYs attributed to GWD across all endemic countries (n=21) in 1990 was 50,725 (95% UI: 35,265-69,197) and decreased to 0.9 (95% UI: 0.5-1.4) in 2016. A cumulative total of 12,900 DALYs were attributable to GWD from 1990 to 2016. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using 1990 estimates of burden propagated forward, this analysis suggests that between 990,000 to 1.9 million DALYs have been averted as a result of the eradication program over the past 27 years.
Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Codelivering Interleukin-12p35 as a Molecular Adjuvant Enhances the Protective Immune Response against Ocular HSV-1 Challenge (2005)

An important aspect of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vaccine development is identification of an appropriate adjuvant capable of significantly reducing both virus replication in the eye and explant reactivation in trigeminal ganglia. We showed recently that a recombinant HSV-1 vaccine expressing interleukin-4 (IL-4) is more efficacious against ocular HSV-1 challenge than recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Y. Osorio and H. Ghiasi, J. Virol. 77:5774-5783, 2003). We have now constructed and compared recombinant HSV-1 viruses expressing IL-12p35 or IL-12p40 molecule with IL-4-expressing HSV-1 recombinant virus. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with IL-12p35-, IL-12p40-, IL-12p35+IL-12p40-, or IL-4-expressing recombinant HSV-1 viruses. Controls included mice immunized with parental virus and mice immunized with the avirulent strain KOS. The efficacy of each vaccine in protecting against ocular challenge with HSV-1 was assessed in terms of survival, eye disease, virus replication in the eye, and explant reactivation. Neutralizing antibody titers, T-cell responses, and expression of 32 cytokines and chemokines were also evaluated. Mice immunized with recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-12p35 exhibited the lowest virus replication in the eye, the most rapid virus clearance, and the lowest level of explant reactivation. The higher efficacy against ocular virus replication and explant reactivation correlated with higher neutralizing antibody titers, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities, and IFN-gamma expression in recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-12p35 compared to other vaccines. Mice immunized with both IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 had lower neutralizing antibody responses than mice immunized with IL-12p35 alone. Our results confirm that recombinant virus vaccines expressing cytokine genes can enhance the overall protection against infection, with the IL-12p35 vaccine being the most efficacious of those tested. Collectively, the results support the potential use of IL-12p35 as a vaccine adjuvant, without the toxicity-associated concerns of IL-12.
Motion control algorithms for a new intelligent robotic walker in emulating ambulatory device function (2006)

This paper propose a new motion control algorithms for an intelligent robotic walker that emulate ambulatory device function such as cane, wheeled walker, and standard walker. Usually, the objective in designing robotic walker is to replaced conventional wheeled walker and introduce new high level functions such as guidance, health monitoring, and others. We extend the objective of a robotic walker in different direction and propose a new motion control algorithms in replacing other ambulatory device such as cane and standard walker. In this study, we consider the motion control algorithm for wheeled walker, cane, and standard walker based on imposed apparent dynamics to the robotic walker. In cane function emulation, one hand control is considered. This method of controlling a robotic walker leads to some unintentional applied force/torque and makes the system uncontrollable. With that, we propose to change the kinematic structure of the robotic walker to make the system controllable. In standard walker function emulation, supported weight will be monitored and used to make the system in halt mode during weight transfer. The motion control algorithms were experimentally implemented and the results show its validity.
Organic syntheses through free-radical annulations and related cascade sequences (2001)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Sulindac Sulfide and Exisulind Inhibit Expression of the Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2006)

In previous studies, we found that sulindac sulfide and exisulind (sulindac sulfone, Aptosyn) cause growth inhibition, arrest cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. These effects were associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1. The present study focuses on the effects of sulindac sulfide and exisulind on hormone signaling components in breast cancer cells. We found that estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive T47D breast cancer cells were somewhat more sensitive to growth inhibition by sulindac sulfide or exisulind than ER-negative PR-negative MB-MDA-468 breast cancer cells. Further studies indicated that sulindac sulfide and exisulind caused marked down-regulation of expression of the ER and PR-A and PR-B in T47D cells. However, neither compound caused a major change in expression of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha), RARbeta, or RARalpha in T47D cells. Sulindac sulfide and exisulind also caused a decrease in expression of the ER in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Both compounds also markedly inhibited estrogen-stimulated activation of an estrogen-responsive promoter in transient transfection reporter assays. Treatment of T47D cells with specific protein kinase G (PKG) activators did not cause a decrease in ER or PR expression. Therefore, although sulindac sulfide and exisulind can cause activation of PKG, the inhibitory effects of these two compounds on ER and PR expression does not seem to be mediated by PKG. Our findings suggest that the growth inhibition by sulindac sulfide and exisulind in ER-positive and PR-positive human breast cancer cells may be mediated, in part, by inhibition of ER and PR signaling. Thus, these and related compounds may provide a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of human breast cancers, especially those that are ER positive.
Comparative evaluation of the synthesis and purification of transmembrane peptide fragments Rat bradykinin receptor fragment 64‐97 as model (1997)

The 34-residue peptide CTVAEIYLGNLAGADLILASGLPFWAITIANNFD (TM-34), corresponding to the 64-97 sequence of the rat bradykinin, receptor, was selected as a model of hydrophobic transmembrane peptide segment for systematic study of synthesis and purification strategies. Application of conventional Boc/Bzl chemistry resulted in very low yield of the synthesis (around 4%) when DMF was used as the solvent for coupling reactions. As shorter resin-bound fragments of TM-34 showed improved swelling in 80% NMP/DMSO, the synthesis was repeated in this mixed solvent and the yield increased to 12%. A comparative synthesis using optimized Fmoc chemistry and Fmoc-(FmocHmb) derivatives of Ala and Leu to prevent aggregation did not provide any detectable TM-34. Taken together, these results illustrate the synthetic problems associated with hydrophobic sequences, almost regardless of the chemistry used. As expected, the hydrophobicity of TM-34 and of most of its minor fragments made them scarcely soluble in common solvents. Purification could be achieved by loading the crude materials dissolved in 90% AcOH onto a C4 HPLC column and eluting with a TFA/MeCN linear gradient. CD studies of the TM-34 and of the shorter fragment with the 74-97 sequence (TM-24) showed a higher percentage of alpha-helix structure for the latter. This suggests that the shorter sequence may better represent the correct transmembrane region of the second helix of the rat bradykinin receptor.
Active repair of self-healing polymers with shape memory alloy wires (2007)

We report the first measurements of self-healing polymers with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. Improvements of healed peak loads by up to a factor of two are observed, approaching the performance of the virgin material. Moreover, the repairs can be effected with reduced amounts of healing agent. The improvements in performance of self-healing polymers with SMA wires are due to three effects: i) crack closure, which reduces the crack volume, ii) heating of the curing agent during polymerisation, which improves the cross-linking, and iii) mechanical registration of the two crack faces, which results in a reduced crack volume on closure.
Error and erasure decoding of binary cyclic code up to actual minimum distance (2002)

A new error-and-erasure decoding procedure that decodes cyclic codes up to the actual minimum distance is presented. This procedure annihilates erasure effects from syndrome matrices and produces modified syndrome matrices that can be used to obtain error locations with an error-only decoding algorithm.
Differentially Private Combinatorial Optimization (2009)

Consider the following problem: given a metric space, some of whose points are "clients", open a set of at most $k$ facilities to minimize the average distance from the clients to these facilities. This is just the well-studied $k$-median problem, for which many approximation algorithms and hardness results are known. Note that the objective function encourages opening facilities in areas where there are many clients, and given a solution, it is often possible to get a good idea of where the clients are located. However, this poses the following quandary: what if the identity of the clients is sensitive information that we would like to keep private? Is it even possible to design good algorithms for this problem that preserve the privacy of the clients? In this paper, we initiate a systematic study of algorithms for discrete optimization problems in the framework of differential privacy (which formalizes the idea of protecting the privacy of individual input elements). We show that many such problems indeed have good approximation algorithms that preserve differential privacy; this is even in cases where it is impossible to preserve cryptographic definitions of privacy while computing any non-trivial approximation to even the_value_ of an optimal solution, let alone the entire solution. Apart from the $k$-median problem, we study the problems of vertex and set cover, min-cut, facility location, Steiner tree, and the recently introduced submodular maximization problem, "Combinatorial Public Projects" (CPP).
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival After Transplant (2018)

Human iPSCs promote transplanted RGC survival and neurite extension. This effect may be mediated at least partially through secretion of diffusible neuroprotective factors.
Ag2S monolayer: an ultrasoft inorganic Lieb lattice (2021)

Lieb lattice, a two-dimensional edge-centered square lattice, has attracted considerable interest due to its exotic electronic and topological properties. Although various optical and photonic Lieb lattices have been experimentally demonstrated, it remains challenging for an electronic Lieb lattice to be realized in real material systems. Here, based on first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, a silver sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) monolayer is reported as a long-sought-after inorganic electronic Lieb lattice. This Lieb-lattice Ag<sub>2</sub>S is further found to be ultrasoft, which enables its electronic properties and topological states near the Fermi level to be finely tuned, as evidenced by the strain-induced topologically non-trivial edge states near the valence band edge. These results not only provide an ideal platform to further explore and harvest interesting quantum properties but also pave a way to pursue other inorganic electronic Lieb lattices in a broader material domain.
Developing an Electrophoretically Depositable Self-Lubricating Nanocomposite Paint Process for a Short Recoil Semi-Automatic Handgun Application (2009)

Semi-automatic handguns characterised by the classic Colt 1911 model rely on a reciprocating slide mechanism for loading and ejecting. The moving surfaces require a tight fit to maintain firing accuracy while having ease of movement to avoid misloading or jamming. The electrophoretic painting method is ideal for coating complex geometries where engineering tolerances need to be maintained. The anodically depositable paint system developed for this application incorporates nanosilica for reinforcement of the resin binder and a blend of polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide to provide a self-lubricating anti-corrosive coating. Colourants have been added to provide various appearance attributes. The formulating procedures for producing this type of complex electrophoretic paint are described. This includes considerations of manufacture, shelf life, shipping, application by the customer, and compliance with health and environmental regulations as well as meeting the extreme performance requirements of the end use.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Zinc Finger Gene <i>ZIC2</i> Has Features of an Oncogene and Its Overexpression Correlates Strongly with the Clinical Course of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 87K, Main characteristics of patients and tissues. A, clinical and histopathological parameters of the 232 EOT biopsies enrolled in the study and subdivided into tumor tissue collection A and B. UK unknown. n, number of patients enrolled. NA, not available.&lt;/p&gt;
2-Phenoxyacetohydrazide (2009)

In the title compound, C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2), the acetohydrazide group is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.028 Å. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into infinite sheets lying parallel to (001). The acetohydrazide O atom accepts two N-H⋯O links and one C-H⋯O link.
Functional Decomposition for Bundled Simplification of Trail Sets (2017)

Bundling visually aggregates curves to reduce clutter and help finding important patterns in trail-sets or graph drawings. We propose a new approach to bundling based on functional decomposition of the underling dataset. We recover the functional nature of the curves by representing them as linear combinations of piecewise-polynomial basis functions with associated expansion coefficients. Next, we express all curves in a given cluster in terms of a centroid curve and a complementary term, via a set of so-called principal component functions. Based on the above, we propose a two-fold contribution: First, we use cluster centroids to design a new bundling method for 2D and 3D curve-sets. Secondly, we deform the cluster centroids and generate new curves along them, which enables us to modify the underlying data in a statistically-controlled way via its simplified (bundled) view. We demonstrate our method by applications on real-world 2D and 3D datasets for graph bundling, trajectory analysis, and vector field and tensor field visualization.
Tumor model studies of 131I-tetracycline and other compounds. (1976)

Iodine-131-tetracycline (131I-TET) was prepared by allowing tetracycline hydrochloride to react with radioiodide in acidic methanol (labeling efficiency greater than 85%). This preparation was found to be stable at--4 degrees C for at least 72 hr. Some minimal in vivo breakdown did occur. The 131I-TET, 67Ga, and several 99mTc compounds were studied in a rat hepatoma model. The incorporation of the radiopharmaceuticals into the tumor occurred rapidly, with peak levels at 0.5 and 24 hr after injection for 131I-TET and 67Ga, respectively. The clearnace of the radiopharmaceutical from nonviable tumor was slower than for viable tumor, and by 72 hr after injection the greatest concentration of radioactivity appeared in the nonviable fraction. All normal tissues showed faster clearance than did tumor tissue, regardless of viability. Decreasing the quantity of 131I-TET injected increased the percent of uptake in the nonviable tumor tissue but had no effect on the viable tumor uptake. Of the 99mTc compounds studied, the phosphates developed the highest tumor-to-background ratios. Unfortunately these ratios were not as high as those achieved for 67Ga or 131I-TET.
Performance of Efficiently Encodable Low-Density Parity-Check Codes in Noise Bursts on the EPR4 Channel (2004)

We consider in this paper the possibility of using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code as the complete error control system in a magnetic recording channel. We compare the performance of selected LDPC codes with two Reed-Solomon (RS) code schemes on an extended partial-response class 4 (EPR4) channel, with particular emphasis on their performance in noise bursts (induced by media defects or thermal asperities). We quantify the performance of LDPC codes in noise bursts via a maximum-burst-length parameter, and we present a simple algorithm for computing this parameter. We find some very promising initial results: the LDPC codes are very robust against large noise bursts (128 bits long or more), and are superior to the RS schemes examined in the measurable error rate region. The extent to which they are superior depends on the particular LDPC scheme involved, and the results provide motivation for further investigation in this area.
Transfer cells (2014)

EDITORIAL article Front. Plant Sci., 26 November 2014Sec. Plant Physiology Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00672
Rogue Commercial Geosynchronous Communications Satellites (1987)

The growth in numbers of commercial communications satellites in geosynchronous orbit raises the possibilities for radio frequency interference into space-earth transmission systems due to a malfunctioning satellite and of physical damage to an operating satellite due to collision with co-orbiting objects. These possibilities are addressed and recommendations are presented to minimize such occurrences.
Apolipoprotein E distribution among different plaque types in Alzheimer's disease: implications for its role in plaque progression (1996)

We sought to determine the pattern of ApoE immunoreactivity in mesial temporal lobe tissue from 12 Alzheimer patients, age 66-88, and to determine the distribution of this immunoreactivity among different plaque types representing hypothesized stages of plaque evolution. In these patients, the cortical area of ApoE immunoreactivity was 30% that of beta-amyloid. Only 6% of diffuse non-neuritic amyloid deposits were even weakly ApoE immunoreactive (ApoE+). This is in contrast to our previous demonstration that microglia overexpressing interleukin-1 (IL-1) are present in most diffuse non-neuritic deposits. Eighty-three per cent of diffuse neuritic plaques and 86% of dense-core neuritic plaques were highly ApoE+, consistent with IL-1-induced astrocyte activation and synthesis of ApoE resulting in the appearance of ApoE immunoreactivity in neuritic plaques. Dense-core non-neuritic ('burned out') plaques were only rarely (6%) ApoE+. These results, together with the known trophic and toxic effects of ApoE on neurites, suggest that plaque-associated ApoE contributes to the formation of overgrown degenerating (dystrophic) neurites in plaques. However, the fact that some neuritic plaques are not ApoE+ suggests contributions by additional trophic and toxic factors. Our results are also consistent with a role for ApoE in the condensation of diffuse amyloid deposits into a beta-pleated-sheet form that occurs concomitant with dystrophic neurite formation in the neuritic beta-amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease.