gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of mitral regurgitation using PW Doppler and parallel beamforming (2011)

Delayed decision to replace or repair a defective mitral valve may lead to worsening ventricular function. A correct diagnosis of the severity of the regurgitation that results from a defective mitral valve is therefore important. This work takes advantage of the latest developments of ultrasound matrix probes and modern acquisition with many parallel beams to develop a Doppler-based method for a semi quantitative evaluation of mitral regurgitation. Parallel beamforming makes it possible to acquire several beams from closely-spaced regions simultaneously. Velocity spectra from all these regions can then be generated. The idea behind the proposed method is to combine velocity spectra from all the beams into one composite velocity spectrum and add information about the size of a potential regurgitant jet to the spectrum. This is achieved by color coding the composite velocity spectrum with colors representing the number of beams intersecting with the jet. Ultrasound data produced from simulations of flow in straight tubes were used to evaluate the method. The colored spectra were successful in giving information about the approximate size of the tubes. A colored spectrum generated from an in vivo ultrasound recording of a regurgitant jet is also presented, showing that the method is applicable for clinical use.
Optical energy and spatial filter for high local resolution Raman spectroscopy with giant pulse lasers (1979)

It is shown theoretically and verified experimentally for Raman scattering that a simple combination of a biconvex and a biconcave lens can be used as an optical energy and spatial filter to regulate the focused incident laser energy and the spatial resolution of the system simultaneously. While filtering of optical energy usually reduces the spatial resolution, the described optical filter improves the spatial resolution proportional to the square root of the energy reduction and provides a simple method to avoid gas breakdown or other disturbances of the gas state.
Studies on morphine alkaloids. Part X. Some reactions of 14β-bromocodeine derivatives with various substituents at C-6 (1973)

In the solvolysis of 14β-bromocodeine (1), an important contribution by the hydroxy-group at C-6 has been assumed. In order to investigate this assumption further solvolytic reactions were carried out on several compounds obtained by changing the functional group at C-6 and correlating the products and the reactivity with the different substituents.
Amine functionalized surfactants — pH effects on adsorption and interaction (2007)

The interactions between layers of two hydrolyzable surfactants, dodecylamine (DA) and tetraoxyethylene dodecylamine (TEDA), adsorbed on negatively charged muscovite mica have been investigated. It was found that the variation of the interaction and adsorption as a function of pH was similar, but not identical, for the two kinds of surfactants. At a concentration of 10−4 M at low pH (below 8) both types of surfactants adsorb electrostatically to form a monolayer. The resulting surfaces have a hydrophobic character, particularly in the case of dodecylamine. A series of events takes place as the pH is increased. For DA the first event is that uncharged molecules adsorb within the monolayer. This does not occur to any significant degree for TEDA due to steric hindrance within the adsorbed layer. In the next step a bilayer builds up on the surface. The binding of the outer layer is stronger for DA than for TEDA. The DA bilayer becomes uncharged at pH 10.3, and liquid dodecylamine droplets, which phase separate from the bulk solution at this pH-value, precipitate on the surface. At pH-values above 11∔12 the affinity between both types of surfactants and the surface decreases significantly, resulting in a less ordered first layer. In addition, a strong surface charge develops that prevents multilayer build-up.
Local distributed deadlock detection by knot detection (1986)

A distributed algorithm for the detection of deadlocks in store-and-forward communication networks is presented. At first, we focus on a static environment and develop an efficient knot detection algorithm for general graphs. The knot detection algorithm uses at most Ο(n2 + m) messages and Ο(log(n)) bits of memory to detect all deadlocked nodes in the static network. Using the knot detection algorithm as a building block, a deadlock detection algorithm in a dynamic environment is developed. This algorithm has the following properties: It detects all the nodes which cause the deadlock. The algorithm is triggered only when there is a potential for deadlock and only those nodes which are potentially deadlocked perform the algorithm. The algorithm does not affect other processes at the nodes.
EVALUATION OF DOSE REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF A NOVEL SCATTER CORRECTION SOFTWARE FOR BEDSIDE CHEST X-RAY IMAGING (2016)

Bedside chest X-rays (CXR) for catheter position control may add up to a considerable radiation dose for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, image quality and dose reduction potentials of a novel X-ray scatter correction software (SkyFlow, Philips Healthcare, Hamburg, Germany) were evaluated. CXRs of a 'LUNGMAN' (Kyoto Kagaku Co., LTD, Kyoto, Japan) thoracic phantom with a portacath system, a central venous line and a dialysis catheter were performed in an experimental set-up with multiple tube voltage and tube current settings without and with an antiscatter grid. Images with diagnostic exposure index (EI) 250-500 were evaluated for the difference in applied mAs with and without antiscatter grid. Three radiologists subjectively assessed the diagnostic image quality of grid and non-grid images. Compared with a non-grid image, usage of an antiscatter grid implied twice as high mAs in order to reach diagnostic EI. SkyFlow significantly improved the image quality of images acquired without grid. CXR with grid provided better image contrast than grid-less imaging with scatter correction.
A framework for efficient minimum distance computations (2002)

We present a framework for minimum distance computations that allows efficient solution of minimum distance queries on a variety of surface representations, including sculptured surfaces. The framework depends on geometric reasoning rather than numerical methods and can be implemented straightforwardly. We demonstrate performance that compares favorably to other polygonal methods and is faster than reported results for other methods on sculptured surfaces.
Assignment of the horse grey coat colour gene to ECA25 using whole genome scanning (2002)

The dominant grey coat colour gene of horses has been mapped using a whole genome scanning approach. Samples from a large half-sibling pedigree of Thoroughbred horses were utilized in order to map the grey coat colour locus, G. Multiplex groups of microsatellite markers were developed and used to efficiently screen the horse genome at a resolution of approximately 22 cM, based on an estimated map length for the horse genome of 2720 cM. The grey gene was assigned to chromosome 25 (ECA25), one of the smaller acrocentric horse chromosomes. Based on the current state of knowledge of conserved synteny and coat colour genetics in other mammalian species, there are no obvious candidate genes for the grey gene in the region.
Refined labels for qualitative information fusion in decision-making support system (2009)

This paper introduces the Dezert-Smarandache (DSm) Field and Linear Algebra of Refined Labels (FLARL) useful for dealing accurately with qualitative information expressed in terms of qualitative belief functions. This work extends substantially our previous works done in DSmT framework which were mainly based on approximate qualitative operators. Here, new well justified accurate basic operators on qualitative labels (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, root, power, etc) are presented. The end of this paper is devoted to an exemples of qualitative fusion rules based on this new FLARL approach for decision-making support.
The Scattering of X-Rays and Bragg's Law (1924)

The consumption of opportunistic foods is part of the behavioral repertoire used by hominins for subsistence. The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources is sometimes associated with stressful conditions. But, there are other conditions ...The acquisition of opportunistic animal resources by hunter-gatherers—such as scavenged carcasses—is a well-known subsistence strategy. It is frequently mentioned in the context of the history of early human evolution, but not regularly considered among ...
ERCP and CT findings of ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb. (1997)

Although rare, the diagnosis of ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb is important to prevent inadvertent damage during biliary tract or gastric surgery and to clarify the cause of chronic peptic ulcers.
Annomontacine: Une Nouvelle Acétogénine γ-Lactone-monotetrahydrofurannique Cytotoxique de l'Annona montana (1991)

The structure of annomontacin [I], a novel monotetrayhydrofuran fatty acid gamma-lactone (acetogenin) isolated from the seeds of Amnona montana, was determined by spectral analysis. The cytotoxicities in vitro of annomontacin [I], annonacinone [2], and annonacin were measured against murine leukemia L1210, human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB231, and human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell lines and compared with adriamycin.
Étude sur la dépolymérisation de la cellulose par des procédés hydrolytique et solvolytique (1990)

La première partie de ce travail concerne le problème des faibles rendements en glucose (&lt;65%) observés lorsque la cellulose est hydrolysée par des procédés opérant à température élevée et à faible concentration d'acide. Nous avons procédé à la caractérisation physique et chimique des résidus cellulosiques obtenus par hydrolyse partielle de la cellulose à l'aide de trois procédés. Les résultats ont démontré que lorsque la cellulose est hydrolysée par un acide inorganique dilué pour une longue période de temps ou à une température élevée, il s'ensuit une dégradation chimique de la cellulose résiduelle. Cette dégradation a comme effet principal la diminution du potentiel glucose de ce résidu et procède via un mécanisme d'oxydation identique pour tous les procédés. Elle implique la formation de groupements cétoniques et/ou de groupements carboxyliques ainsi que des déshydratations conduisant à la formation de doubles liaisons. Ceci nous permet de proposer une voie de dégradation de la cellulose à l'état solide ainsi que la solubilisation de ces "unités glucose dégradées" dans le but d'expliquer les faibles rendements en glucose de ces procédés. Cette voie doit être ajouté au modèle existant, qui identifie les réactions de réversion et de dégradation du glucose comme unique responsable. La deuxième partie de ce travail est la suite logique à un phénomène observé par le groupe du Prof. Chornet il y a quelques années. Lorsque la cellulose en suspension dans l'éthylène glycol est soumise à des températures élevées pour une courte période de temps, il s'ensuit une dépolymérisation et une solubilisation partielle de cette dernière. Le résidu cellulosique ainsi obtenu possède, dans tous les cas, un potentiel glucose supérieur à 95%. La cellulose peut ainsi être dépolymérisée jusqu'à des degrés de polymérisation entre 50 et 100. Nos travaux de caractérisation physique et chimique des résidus cellulosiques obtenus par solvolyse en milieu éthylène glycol ont montré que la rupture des liens glycosidiques s'effectue selon un mécanisme au hasard sans préférence pour les régions amorphes ou ordonnées de la cellulose. Ces ruptures provoquent l'apparition de désordres locaux que nous associons aux extrémités de chaînes nouvellement formées dans une structure cristalline. Ces résidus ne montrent aucun signe de modifications chimiques ou de dégradation. Nous avons proposé un modèle pour la dépolymérisation solvolytique de la cellulose qui implique une fragmentation au hasard de l'ensemble des chaînes cellulosiques sans perte de la structure initiale. Nous sommes d'avis que l'éthylène glycol doit pénétrer à l'intérieur de la structure cellulosique pour remplir son rôle protecteur qui permet une dépolymérisation sans dégradation. Deux hypothèses concernant la rupture des liens glycosidiques sont discutés: une rupture par un mécanisme hydrolytique et par un mécanisme pyrolytique. Le rôle de l'éthylène glycol est discuté pour les deux hypothèses.
A dynamical light scattering technique and its application in viscoelastic networks in soft matter (2011)

In this paper, we present a dynamic light scattering technique using diffusing wave spectroscopy to track the dynamics of colloidal particles embedded in a complex fluid which allows us to obtain structural and dynamical information of a transparent viscoelastic material. Scattered light of a single speckle is detected by a photomultiplier tube and the time correlation function of light intensity is calculated using a temporal average. If the particles can not explore the entire phase space, temporal average and ensemble average are not the same. This is a necessary condition to relate ensemble average from the scattering by many particles to intensity temporal fluctuations. To overcome non-ergodicity for large lag times, a CCD camera is used for the acquisition of the scattered light were pixels form an array of detectors which enables us to perform thousands of simultaneous experiments. In this manner, the time correlation function is obtained directly by taking the ensamble average instead of using a temporal average. For short lag times, the non-ergodicity problem can be avoided by remixing the scattered light coming from the sample by the use of a slowly rotating diffuser disk placed before the collection optics of the photomultiplier tube. This procedure provides a true ensemble-averaged time correlation function over ~ 7-8 decades of time. As an example of the application of this technique, the dynamics of microspheres embedded in cross-linked polymer matrix, namely, an acrylamide-bisacrylamide gel is studied. This polymer network is known to swell or shrink by changing the solvent composition. The description of the arrested dynamics of the microspheres can be obtained, as well as the viscoelastic properties of the polymer network at different cage sizes.
Global Gene Expression Analysis of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Reveals that the Ezh2 -Dependent Bivalent Domain Mechanism Contributes to Their Pluripotent State (2011)

Recently, we identified a population of Oct4(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-)CD45(-) very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in murine and human adult tissues. VSELs can differentiate in vitro into cells from all 3 germ layers and in vivo tissue-committed stem cells. Open chromatin structure of core pluripotency transcription factors (TFs) supports the pluripotent state of VSELs. However, it has been difficult to determine how primitive VSELs maintain pluripotency, owing to their limited number in adult tissues. Here, we demonstrate by genome-wide gene-expression analysis with a small number of highly purified murine bone marrow-derived VSELs that Oct4(+) VSELs (i) express a similar, yet nonidentical, transcriptome as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), (ii) highly express cell cycle checkpoint genes, (iii) express at a low level genes involved in protein turnover and mitogenic pathways, and (iv) highly express enhancer of zeste drosophila homolog 2 (Ezh2), a polycomb group protein. Furthermore, as a result of high expression of Ezh2, VSELs, like ESCs, exhibit bivalently modified nucleosomes (trimethylated H3K27 and H3K4) at promoters of important homeodomain-containing developmental TFs, thus preventing premature activation of the lineage-committing factors. Notably, spontaneous or RNA interference-enforced downregulation of Ezh2 during VSEL differentiation removes the bivalent domain (BD) structure, which leads to de-repression of several BD-regulated genes. Therefore, we suggest that Oct4(+) VSELs, like other pluripotent stem cells, maintain their pluripotent state through an Ezh2-dependent BD-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Furthermore, our global survey of VSEL gene expression signature would not only advance our understanding of biological process for their pluripotency, differentiation, and quiescence but should also help to develop better protocols for ex vivo expansion of VSELs.
ALUMNOS DE LA UNAM DISEÑAN SISTEMA DE VIVIENDA SUSTENTABLE (2014)

EL DISENO DE UN SISTEMA DE VIVIENDA SUSTENTABLE CREADO POR ALUMNOS DE LA UNAM REPRESENTARA A MEXICO EN LA EDICION 2014 DEL DECATLON SOLAR, LA COMPETENCIA UNIVERSITARIA INTERNACIONAL MAS IMPORTANTE EN ESTE CAMPO, A REALIZARSE EL PROXIMO VERANO EN VERSALLES, FRANCIA.
<title>Laser-diode-based pseudo-heterodyne interferometer for online process control of wire bonders</title> (2000)

As part of a government funded multidisciplinary project, a sensor has been developed to allow the measurement of the ultrasonic amplitude at the tip of the bonding too. A laser interferometer has been designed with a fiber coupled miniature measurement head which can be mounted on the rotating bond head. A modulated visible diode laser is employed to generate a direction-sensitive Doppler signal according to the pseudo-heterodyne principle.
Interaction of the putative essential nutrient pyrroloquinoline quinone with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor redox modulatory site (1992)

The putative essential nutrient pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) can efficiently mediate reduction and oxidation reactions in a variety of systems. Therefore, we investigated whether this compound could alter the function of the NMDA receptor via a recently described redox modulatory site. In rat cortical neurons in vitro, 50 microM PQQ could reverse the enhancement of 30 microM NMDA-induced whole-cell ionic currents produced by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT; 2-4 mM). PQQ also depressed native responses in a DTT-reversible fashion. In addition, 50-200 microM PQQ produced a significant degree of neuroprotection in an acute model of NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity in astrocyte-rich cultures of rat cerebral cortex. Under certain conditions, PQQ can lead to the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals, and we have previously observed that these reactive species can oxidize the NMDA receptor. Nevertheless, the enzymatic free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase (10 micrograms/ml each) did not abolish the actions of PQQ. This observation held true even in astrocyte-poor cortical cultures, where neuronal processes are directly exposed to the extracellular milieu. Therefore, under in vitro conditions in which PQQ is presented without an exogenous electron donor, it appears as if the entire neuroprotective effect of PQQ is attributable to a direct oxidation of the NMDA receptor redox site. These results suggest the possibility of a novel role for PQQ, PQQ-like substances, and quinone-containing proteins in the brain, and may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the amelioration of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxic injury.
Single position substitution of hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides imparts distinct DNA-binding profiles across the human genome (2020)

Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides are synthetic molecules that can be rationally designed to target specific DNA sequences to both disrupt and recruit transcriptional machinery. While in vitro binding has been extensively studied, in vivo effects are often difficult to predict using current models of DNA binding. Determining the impact of genomic architecture and the local chromatin landscape on polyamide-DNA sequence specificity remains an unresolved question that impedes their effective deployment in vivo. In this report we identified polyamide-DNA interaction sites across the entire genome, by covalently crosslinking and capturing these events in the nuclei of human LNCaP cells. This technique confirms the ability of two eight ring hairpin-polyamides, with similar architectures but differing at a single ring position (Py to Im), to retain in vitro specificities and display distinct genome-wide binding profiles.
The regulatory role of anti-sigma factor, RsbW, in Clostridioides difficile stress response, persistence and infection (2022)

Summary The anaerobic pathogen Clostridioides difficile , a primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, faces a variety of stresses in the environment and in the mammalian gut. To cope with environmental stresses, it uses the alternative sigma factor B (σ B ) to modulate gene transcription, which is regulated by an anti-sigma factor, RsbW. To understand the role of RsbW in C. difficile physiology, a rsbW mutant (Δ rsbW ) where σ B is ‘always on’, was generated. Δ rsbW did not have deleterious fitness defects but tolerated acidic environments and detoxified reactive oxygen and nitrogen species better. Δ rsbW was defective in spore and biofilm formation, adhered better to human gut epithelia and was less virulent in a Galleria mellonella infection model. A transcriptomic analysis to understand this unique phenotype showed a change in expression of some σ B -controlled genes along with several non-σ B controlled genes. Interestingly, sinRR’ locus that encodes a pleiotropic regulator, was highly upregulated in Δ rsbW indicating a potential indirect role for σ B or RsbW in control of sinRR’ . Furthermore, the unexpected lower intracellular levels of σ B observed suggest post translational control mechanisms. Our study thus provides new insight into the regulatory role of RsbW and the complexity of regulatory networks in C. difficile . Importance Pathogens, like C. difficile , face a range of stresses in the environment and within the host. Alternate transcriptional factors such as sigma factor B (σ B ) enables the bacterium to respond quickly to different types of stresses and are conserved across bacteria. Anti-sigma factors like RsbW control the activation of genes via these pathways. Such transcriptional control systems provide pathogens like C. difficile a route to tolerance and detoxification of harmful compounds. In this study we investigate the role of RsbW in C. difficile physiology. We demonstrate distinctive phenotypes for a rsbW mutant in growth, persistence and virulence. Our data suggest new σ B regulatory circuits in C. difficile . Understanding bacterial responses to external stress is key to designing better strategies to combat this highly resilient bacterial pathogen.