gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase of precision of surface magnetic field measurements by magnetic shielding (2009)

There are different methods to determine the magnetic field in open samples. The common approach is to measure the field near the sample surface. As was shown before, this method is often very inaccurate because of the field gradient above the sample. In our previous work we have tested the extrapolation field method, which greatly reduced the measurement error. It was found that the error strongly depends on the field gradient near the sample and it can still be large for large air gaps between the yoke and the sample. In this work a method of magnetic shielding of the field measurement point to reduce the field gradient is investigated. The field behavior above the sample is experimentally studied for a single C-yoke configuration on high-permeability materials. It was found that the shielding method decreases the field gradient by approximately one order of magnitude thus dramatically decreasing the field measurement error. There are many parameters affecting the shielding efficiency. Some of them are briefly discussed in this work. The extensive study of all of them is planned in the future.
Effect of ytterbium concentration on Yb:YAG microchip laser performance at ambient temperature (2007)

The microchip laser performance of Yb:YAG crystals doped with different ytterbium concentrations (10, 15, and 20 at.%) has been investigated at ambient temperature. Efficient laser oscillation for 1-mm-thick YAG doped with 10 at.% Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions was achieved at 1030 and 1049 nm with slope efficiencies of 85 and 81%, correspondingly.
Asparagine deprivation mediated by Salmonella asparaginase causes suppression of activation-induced T cell metabolic reprogramming (2015)

Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that induce immunosuppression by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. Previously, we showed that a putative type II l-asparaginase produced by Salmonella Typhimurium inhibits T cell responses and mediates virulence in a murine model of infection. Here, we report that this putative L-asparaginase exhibits L-asparagine hydrolase activity required for Salmonella Typhimurium to inhibit T cells. We show that L-asparagine is a nutrient important for T cell activation and that L-asparagine deprivation, such as that mediated by the Salmonella Typhimurium L-asparaginase, causes suppression of activation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, autophagy, Myc expression, and L-lactate secretion. We also show that L-asparagine deprivation mediated by the Salmonella Typhimurium L-asparaginase causes suppression of cellular processes and pathways involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, and immune response. Our results advance knowledge of a mechanism used by Salmonella Typhimurium to inhibit T cell responses and mediate virulence, and provide new insights into the prerequisites of T cell activation. We propose a model in which l-asparagine deprivation inhibits T cell exit from quiescence by causing suppression of activation-induced metabolic reprogramming.
Waveguide Photodetector Designed to be Butt-Coupled with 2%-Δ Silica Planar Lightwave Circuit Devices (2015)

Waveguide photodetector was fabricated for high responsivity and low PDL when butt-coupled with 2%-Δ planar lightwave circuit devices. Optimizing the thicknesses of tapers in spot-size converter, fabricated device showed responsivity of 0.72 A/W and PDL of 0.11dB.
Spontaneous production of human interferon. (1980)

Several established lines of human lymphoblastoid cells were evaluated for abilities to produce interferons. Some cell lines were able to produce interferon when induced with either Newcastle disease virus or Sendai virus, whereas others failed to produce detectable interferon when so induced. However, several cell lines were able to spontaneously produce interferon without induction. Spontaneously produced interferon was liberated by cells only during logarithmic growth phase, reaching levels ranging from about 10 reference units/ml of growth medium for some cell lines to 1000 reference units/ml for others. The interferons produced by induced lymphoblastoid cells and the spontaneously produced interferons were all characterized as type I human leukocyte interferon by high levels of cross-species antiviral activities on bovine cells and by neutralizations by antiserum to human leukocyte interferon but not by antiserum to human fibroblast interferon. However, analysis by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels revealed that spontaneously produced interferon was less size heterogeneous than human leukocyte interferon, migrating as a single band of activity with a peak at 20,000 daltons, whereas human leukocyte interferon contained peaks of major activity at 23,000 and 18,000 daltons and virus-induced Namalva lymphoblastoid cell interferon migrated predominantly as the 18,000-dalton form. Also, although neither virus-induced primary leukocyte interferon nor any of the virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell interferons were neutralized by antiserum to mouse interferon, all of the spontaneously produced interferons were neutralized by antiserum to mouse interferons. These data suggest significant structural similarities between the active cores of certain interferons from phylogenetically diverse animal species.
Retrofitting Air Conditioning and Duct Systems in Hot, Dry Climates (2012)

This technical report describes CARB's work with Clark County Community Resources Division in Las Vegas, Nevada, to optimize procedures for upgrading cooling systems on existing homes in the area to implement health, safety, and energy improvements. Detailed monitoring of five AC systems showed that three of the five systems met or exceeded air flow rate goals.
Overview of the development of FeAl intermetallic alloys (1995)

B2-phase FeAl ordered intermetallic alloys based on an Fe-36 at.% Al composition are being developed to optimize a combination of properties that includes high-temperature strength, room-temperature ductility, and weldability. Microalloying with boron and proper processing are very important for FeAl properties optimization. These alloys also have the good to outstanding resistance to oxidation, sulfidation, and corrosion in molten salts or chlorides at elevated temperatures, characteristic of FeAl with 30--40 at.% Al. Ingot- and powder-metallurgy (IM and PM, respectively) processing both produce good properties, including strength above 400 MPa up to about 750 C. Technology development to produce FeAl components for industry testing is in progress. In parallel, weld-overlay cladding and powder coating technologies are also being developed to take immediate advantage of the high-temperature corrosion/oxidation and erosion/wear resistance of FeAl.
Design and implementation of influenza Question Answering System based on multi-strategies (2012)

To extract the answer of influenza Question Answering System, a Question Answering System model based on multi-strategies was presented. Firstly, the user's input question was matched in FAQ base of the system. If the question can be found in the FAQ base, the answer is outputted. Otherwise, the influenza information ontology was utilized and shallow semantic analysis was used to generate the question vector, then, SPARQL query was utilized. At last, the answer was acquired by querying influenza ontology. The experiments did prove that it was feasible to use the method to develop a question answering system, that it was valuable for further study in more depth.
IP Switching Enhancements over IP Differentiated Services for QoS Interworking (2007)

In the last decades, the explosive growth of the Internet gave rise to the development of several telecommunication technologies, aimed at satisfying the increasing users needs with different degrees of Quality of Service (QoS). Together with the development of QoS technologies, an increasing number of Service Providers and networking companies developed their specific architectural and implementation choices. As a consequence, nested, heterogeneous infrastructures compose today's Internet. End-to-end QoS provisioning in such kind of infrastructures requires proper mapping operations among different protocols and united architectures to interconnect different QoS solutions. In this perspective, the paper analyzes QoS interworking architectures. Two solutions are considered: IP DiffServ and IP switching. They are compared with respect to recent results of standardization bodies and of scientific literature.
Studies on Fractionated Heparin (1977)

Commercial porcine heparin has been divided into five different molecular weight components following gel filtration upon a polyacrylamide-agarose gel matrix. Rechromatography has shown that the two extreme fractions, which contain very low and very high molecular weight material, were totally separable upon gel filtration, while the intermediate fractions contained material in common with other fractions. Four of the five fractions contained almost equivalent specific activity when measured by an anti-Factor Xa clotting assay (l) and yet had very different specific activities if assayed by either thrombin clotting time or kaolin-cephalin clotting time methods. The highest MW fraction had low specific activity in all of the clotting assays, suggesting that it contained the greatest percentage of a non-reactive material demonstrated by Rosenberg et al, (2) while the lowest MW fraction had low activity only in thrombin clotting time and KCCT assays. The lowest MW fraction produced a smaller acceleration of purified fibrin monomer polymerisation rate and also smaller inhibition of thrombin induced platelet aggregation in plasma. The demonstration of different results for specific activities of the heparin fractions, depending upon the assay method used is in agreement with a recent study (3) and has important implications in regard to the pharmacopeal assays for heparin. It also suggests that heparins with higher specific anti-Factor Xa (or antithrombotic) effect can be prepared from commercial heparins, although these may have a relatively low ability to neutralise thrombin in plasma.
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms (1939)

THE study of the metabolic processes of different cinnamon to brown strains in the Aspergillus terreus Thom series has formed the subject of a number of com- munications from these laboratories. Raistrick & Smith [1935] reported that two strains out of five grown on Czapek-Dox solution gave a hitherto undescribed mould metabolic product-terrein, C8H1003-which was shown by Clutterbuck et al. [1937, 2] to be 4-propenyl-2-hydroxy-3: 5-oxidocyclopentane-1-one. One of these two strains gave, in addition to terrein, considerable quantities of citrinin, C,,H,40,, a crystalline yellow colouring matter previously reported as a metabolic product of Penicillium citrinum Thom by Hetherington & Raistrick [1931]. Of the other three strains of A. terreus one gave succinic acid, another oxalic acid, while the third strain gave a mixture of these two acids. In a later communication Raistrick & Smith [1936] showed that one of the five strains previously examined by them, which produced terrein also, metabolized almost the whoJe of the chloride supplied as KCI in the Czapek-Dox solution and gave rise to two new chlorine-containing metabolic products, geodin C17Hl207C12 and erdin C18H1007C12, the molecular constitutions of which have been investigated [Clutterbuck et al. 1937, 1; Calam et al. 1939].
Characterization and expression of alternatively spliced IgE heavy chain transcripts produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1995)

Abstract We have investigated the IgE heavy chain isoforms produced in vivo by analyzing the epsilon mRNA species present in unstimulated PBL and expressing them individually in a myeloma cell line. Seven epsilon mRNA species were identified by using reverse transcription-PCR, cloning, and sequencing analysis. These species included the classical secreted (epsilon CH4-S) and membrane-bound (epsilon CH4-M1'-M2) IgE and five alternatively spliced epsilon transcripts. At the protein level, the five alternatively spliced epsilon transcripts (epsilon CH4*, epsilon CH4-M2', epsilon CH4'-1, epsilon CH4'-1-M2, and epsilon CH3-13-CH4) corresponded to four epsilon heavy chain isoforms, in which various parts of the CH4 domain were replaced by new stretches of amino acids at the carboxyl termini. The same epsilon mRNA species also were present in the IgE producing myeloma cell line U266. However, except for the classical membrane and secreted IgE, the corresponding proteins could not be identified. To further characterize the epsilon CH4-S, epsilon CH4*, epsilon CH4-M2', epsilon CH4'-1, and epsilon CH4-M1'-M2 species, we expressed them as chimeric mouse/human anti-4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenacetyl Abs in a mouse myeloma cell line. Only the classical secreted and membrane isoforms were found to be secreted or expressed on the cell surface, respectively, and the other forms were retained within the cells and degraded. These data suggest that some of the epsilon mRNA isoforms produced by PBL are aberrantly spliced mRNAs, the protein products of which are eliminated by post-translational events.
Encapsulated stem cells for cancer therapy (2013)

Stem cells have inherent tumor‑trophic migratory properties and can serve as vehicles for delivering effective, targeted therapy to isolated tumors and metastatic disease, making them promising anti‑cancer agents. Encapsulation of therapeutically engineered stem cells in hydrogels has been utilized to provide a physical barrier to protect the cells from hostile extrinsic factors and significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted stem cells in different models of cancer. This review aims to discuss the potential of different stem cell types for cancer therapy, various engineered stem cell based therapies for cancer, stem cell encapsulation process and provide an in depth overview of current applications of therapeutic stem cell encapsulation in the highly malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as well as the prospects for their clinical translation.
Detection of Bacteremia and Fungemia: Microscopic Examination of Peripheral Blood Smears (1984)

Microscopic examination of stained granulocyte smears can lead to the early identification of bacterial and fungal infections. The technique is simple, inexpensive, and safe. Although the test can be time consuming, it is clinically useful if performed when a high grade bacteremia or fungemia is likely to be present (Table 3). The results are examiner dependent, but in the proper clinical setting should be reliable. Moreover, the slide can be saved as a part of the medical record, examined by others, and restained if necessary. A positive smear allows the physician to strengthen the empirical antimicrobial regimen against a particular organism which will hopefully improve the outcome of the septic process.
Expression of Salivary S100A7 Levels in Stage I Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical and Laboratory Study (2020)

Higher levels of S100A7 protein level was seen in stage I OSF group in comparison to the healthy individuals. Results of our study suggest that S100A7 could be used as a surrogate assessment to identify patients at risk of OSF development.<br />.
Control of the growth of Microthrix parvicella by using an aerobic selector – results of pilot and full scale plant operation (2002)

A two-stage wastewater treatment plant experiences bulking sludge problems in winter, correlating with Microthixparvicella abundance. Pilot and full-scale studies of the use of an aerobic selector to control M. parvicella had little success, probably resulting from long chain fatty acid retention in foam at the tank surface. Initial pilot studies with reduced foam retention showed better results.
Supporting rural ageing well: how important is the rural? (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; Policies and programs to support ageing well form a key plank of government responses to population ageing. Such interventions need to be context sensitive because place matters in ageing and living rurally is likely to shape a particular, if not unique, ageing experience. Our project sought to examine the evidence base available to policy and practice developers seeking to support ageing well in rural contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; A highly structured search of the literature to inform an understanding of the particularities of the rural ageing experience yielded a final sample of 163 papers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Large scale, statistical studies reveal a clear pattern of aggregate ruralversus-urban inequality across a range of measures likely to impact the rural ageing experience. However, a large, eclectic body of smaller-scale, qualitative and semi-quantitative studies reveal that these broad statistical generalisations gloss over huge diversity in rural context, condition and experience, as well as complex and changing distribution patterns of advantage and disadvantage. They reveal that the rural ageing experience will ultimately be a unique product of the interaction of an environment and the resources an individual or group bring to dealing with that environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion:&lt;/strong&gt; Robust but blunt statistical rural-urban comparisons provide strong support for claims for government resources to address rural, especially rural ageing, issues. However, because they gloss over diversity and difference, they are of limited help in understanding complex patterns of advantage and disadvantage and, therefore, in deciding how to most effectively and appropriately target those resources. The more nuanced evidence provided by more discriminating studies do support some broad general understandings of the likely nature of rural character, cultures conditions and issues but at the same time highlight the need to treat these simply as starting points and guides to the questions that need to be asked and answered with more detailed local evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The rural context is too diverse and fast changing for definitive characterisations of rurality. The incomplete and ever-evolving picture emerging from a multitude of small studies provides some generalised understandings and a good starting point but without rigorous testing in the local context, these studies carry the risk of unhelpful stereotyping leading to inappropriate targeting of resources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Policy recommendation:&lt;/strong&gt; Government and services providers need to move beyond broad generalisations concerning rurality and ageing and devote more time and attention to unravelling and understanding the complex patterns of advantage and disadvantage in non-urban populations.&lt;/p&gt;
Surcapitalisation et idéologie de l'entreprise en agriculture (2005)

Au cours des années 70 et au début des années 80, l'agriculture québécoise a connu une période intense de consolidation et de capitalisation. On dégage ici quelques conséquences de ce mouvement (baisse de la productivité du capital agraire et endettement progressif des cultivateurs) ; on en rappelle aussi les fondements idéologiques dans une réduction du mode de vie agricole aux seules valeurs marchandes des entreprises ordinaires, réduction qui se propage avec le courant de modernisation emportant le Québec depuis l'après-guerre. On se demande ensuite si, une fois l'agriculture ramenée au statut d'une industrie parmi d'autres, elle arrive à rencontrer des objectifs sociétaux plus larges, comme l'occupation des terres et le maintien de l'activité sociale de la campagne. On conclut que dans le domaine de l'agriculture, non moins qu'ailleurs, on a assisté à un exercice de déculturation.
L'époxyde hydrolase d'Aspergillus niger : purification, caractérisation et utilisation pour la préparation d'époxyde et de diols optiquement purs (1995)

Nous avons etudie la mise au point d'un nouvel outil enzymatique: l'epoxyde hydrolase d'aspergillus niger, utilisable par le chimiste organicien pour realiser la preparation d'epoxydes et/ou de diols vicinaux optiquement purs. Une etude preliminaire sur la biohydrolyse d'esters de phenyl-glycidate par ce champignon, nous a montre que la preparation de la chaine laterale du taxotere n'etait pas realisable par cette voie de synthese. L'etude de la production et de la localisation de cette enzyme a montre qu'il s'agit d'une proteine soluble intracellulaire produite au cours de la croissance du champignon. L'epoxyde hydrolase d'a. Niger, impliquee dans la reaction de bioconversion, a ete purifiee et caracterisee. Cette enzyme differe des eh deja connues par ses caracteres moleculaires, mais montre des ressemblances par ses caracteres enzymatiques. Le mecanisme de cette enzyme est compatible avec un mecanisme basique generalise. Deux extraits enzymatiques bruts de cette enzyme ont ete mis au point, et nous avons defini les meilleures conditions operatoires pour utiliser ces preparations lors de l'hydrolyse enantioselective d'epoxydes racemiques. Ainsi a l'aide d'un processus chemio-enzymatique, nous avons prepare, en quatre etapes de synthese, l'antipode biologiquement actif du nifenalol
Establishment of a novel in vitro model of stratified epithelial wound healing with barrier function (2016)

The repair of wounds through collective movement of epithelial cells is a fundamental process in multicellular organisms. In stratified epithelia such as the cornea and skin, healing occurs in three steps that include a latent, migratory, and reconstruction phases. Several simple and inexpensive assays have been developed to study the biology of cell migration in vitro. However, these assays are mostly based on monolayer systems that fail to reproduce the differentiation processes associated to multilayered systems. Here, we describe a straightforward in vitro wound assay to evaluate the healing and restoration of barrier function in stratified human corneal epithelial cells. In this assay, circular punch injuries lead to the collective migration of the epithelium as coherent sheets. The closure of the wound was associated with the restoration of the transcellular barrier and the re-establishment of apical intercellular junctions. Altogether, this new model of wound healing provides an important research tool to study the mechanisms leading to barrier function in stratified epithelia and may facilitate the development of future therapeutic applications.
Evaluating Secure Identification in the Mobile Oriented Future Internet (MOFI) Architecture (2012)

With the recent growth of smart phone services, it is envisioned that mo- bile will be the key driver toward Future Internet (FI). In this paper we present a secu- rity enhancement for the Mobile-Oriented Future Internet (MOFI) architecture, which considers mobile nodes as default nodes in FI. The security enhancement proposed here is introduced as a new functional block that extends the architecture with secure identification (SEID) of communication participants. We also analyze the behavior of SEID in terms of the binding update and packet delivery costs.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Silyloxy‐benzyllithiums: Stereochemistry of the Retro‐[1,4]‐Brook Rearrangement. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.