gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-coded compressive hyperspectral imaging (2014)

This Letter presents a new snapshot approach to hyperspectral imaging via dual-optical coding and compressive computational reconstruction. We demonstrate that two high-speed spatial light modulators, located conjugate to the image and spectral plane, respectively, can code the hyperspectral datacube into a single sensor image such that the high-resolution signal can be recovered in postprocessing. We show various applications by designing different optical modulation functions, including programmable spatially varying color filtering, multiplexed hyperspectral imaging, and high-resolution compressive hyperspectral imaging.
Preparation and X-ray diffraction data for the new pyrochlores Pb2[M0.33Sb1.67]O6.5(M = Mg, Ni, Cu, or Zn) (1986)

From mixtures of PbO, Sb2O3, and MO (M = Mg, Ni, Cu, or Zn), four new oxide pyrochlores of stoicheiometry Pb2[M0.33Sb1.67]O6.50 have been synthesized. These compounds are coloured powders giving X-ray diffraction patterns typical of cubic pyrochlores, with space group Fdm(no. 227), Z= 8, and a values from 10.500 5(2)(M = Ni) to 10.512 9(2)Å(M = Zn). The lowest discrepancy factors R between the observed and calculated intensities were obtained for Pb in 16(c) positions, M and Sb (1 : 5) randomly distributed in 16(d), oxygen atoms in 48(f) and in half of the 8(a) sites, and x values for the oxygen positional parameter (origin at centre, m) of 0.430 (M = Cu) and 0.431 (M = Mg, Ni, or Zn). The co-ordination of M and Sb is nearly octahedral. For seven-co-ordinated PbII the stereochemical influence of the unshared electron pair is demonstrated. Observed interatomic distances are in agreement with those calculated.
2. Poppy Politics: Remembrance of Things Present (2014)

In November 2011 a scandal was ignited when FIFA (the international football governing body) refused to allow the English football team to wear remembrance poppies on their shirts for a match against Spain. FIFA had long enforced a universal ban on the wearing of political symbols during its games, but under intense pressure from both the government and the Royal Family it finally relented. British lobbyists had argued that the poppy was a 'universal symbol of remembrance', and had no political, religious or commercial connotations. This essay will explore the origins and development of Britain's rituals of remembrance, and will argue that the poppy is far less neutral than its supporters had claimed. It will show that in fact the poppy had deeply political associations that legitimised the conflict that they ostensibly seemed to condemn.
ChemInform Abstract: Uses and Potentialities of Thermostable Enzymes (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-Loss Optical Nyquist Pulse Train Generation Using Nonauxiliary Wavelength Selective Switch in Communication Band (2019)

We report low-loss optical Nyquist pulse train generation using a non-auxiliary wavelength selective switch (WSS). The typical approach for optical Nyquist pulse train generation involves two procedures. The first is conversion from a laser output Gaussian pulse to a Nyquist pulse via spectral filtering with a WSS. The second is multiplexing to generate a Nyquist pulse train with an optical circuit. To generate a high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) Nyquist pulse train, the first procedure was improved by developing a high-power laser and improving the filtering process by using nonlinear effects in a highly nonlinear fiber. The second procedure also has the potential to further improve the OSNR, because an optical circuit typically causes an optical loss of 9 dB in the case of eight-multiplexing. In this study, we demonstrate optical loss reduction for multiplexing using a nonauxiliary WSS approach without an auxiliary optical circuit. The experimental results show that the optical loss for the Nyquist eight-pulse train is successfully reduced to 2.8 dB.
Mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Spontaneous release of the alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor in the interstitial lung disorders. (1983)

Interstitial lung disorders are characterized both by a chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that includes increased numbers of activated alveolar macrophages and by increased numbers of fibroblasts within the alveolar wall. Since alveolar macrophages from normal individuals can be activated to release a growth factor for lung fibroblasts (alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor [AMDGF]), we hypothesized that the activated alveolar macrophages within the lower respiratory tract of patients with fibrotic lung disorders might be spontaneously releasing AMDGF. To evaluate this hypothesis, alveolar macrophages (suspension culture, 4 h, 37 degrees) from 65 patients with interstitial lung disorders and 30 control subjects were examined for the spontaneous release of fibroblast growth-promoting activity, with human lung fibroblasts as the target. Whereas none of the controls had macrophages spontaneously releasing a growth-promoting activity for fibroblasts, 82% of the patients with interstitial lung disease had alveolar macrophages that were spontaneously releasing a growth-promoting activity for fibroblasts. In common with AMDGF, the fibroblast growth-promoting activity released by these macrophages eluted from DEAE cellulose at 270 mM NaCl, had a partition coefficient of 0.3 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, was distinct from other characterized growth factors, and acted as a progression factor for fibroblast replication in a serum-free complementation test. These data suggest that the expansion of fibroblast numbers within the alveolar structures in interstitial lung disorders may result, in part, from the release of AMDGF by alveolar macrophages stimulated in vivo.
A progressive multi-pass method for global illumination (1991)

A new progressive global illumination method is presented which produces approximate images quickly, and then continues to systematically produce more accurate images. The method combines the existing methods of progressive refinement radiosity, Monte Carlo path tracing and light ray tracing. The method does not place any limitation on surface properties such as ideal Lambertian or mirror-like. To increase efficiency and accuracy, the new concepts of light source reclassification, caustics reconstruction, Monte Carlo path tracing with a radiosity preprocess and an interruptible radiosity solution are introduced. The method presents the user with most useful information about the scene as early as possible by reorganizing the method into a radiosity pass, a high frequency refinement pass and a low frequency refinement pass. The implementation of the method is demonstrated, and sample images are presented.
Critical Role of Arcuate Y4 Receptors and the Melanocortin System in Pancreatic Polypeptide-Induced Reduction in Food Intake in Mice (2009)

Taken together, these findings show that PP reduces food intake predominantly via stimulation of the anorexigenic alpha-MSH signaling pathway, and that this effect is mediated by direct action on local Y4 receptors within the ARC, highlighting a potential novel avenue for the treatment of obesity.
Extrusion of Aquafeeds Containing Corn Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS) For Nile Tilapia (2010)

March 1 5, 2010 San Diego, California ABSTRACT As the global population grows, there is an increasing need to produce food; aquaculture can help meet some of this growing demand. The majority of protein for aquafeeds is fish meal. But due to growing costs and potential scarcity of fish meal supplies in coming years, there is an impending need to find alternative protein sources. DDGS, a coproduct of the fuel ethanol industry, may be suitable for this purpose. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of extrusion processing conditions on two feed blends containing DDGS and other ingredients. Based on previous research, two optimized aquafeeds were formulated for Nile Tilapia. The first blend contained 15% DDGS, 58% soybean meal, 21.0% corn flour, 2.4% mono calcium phosphate, 0.75% vitamin and mineral mix, and 2.85% soybean oil. The second contained 20% DDGS, 44.2% soybean meal, 25.0% corn flour, 8% Menhaden fish meal, 0.8% vitamin and mineral mix, and 2% soybean oil. The blends were processed in a pilot-scale twinscrew extruder at speeds between 360 and 475 rpm, using a 3.175-mm circular die. Extruder parameters, including moisture content after the conditioner and at the die, as well as mass flow rate, were measured to quantify the extruder behavior during processing. The resulting extrudates were subjected to extensive physical property analysis, which included moisture content, water activity, color (Hunter L, a, and b), unit density, bulk density, pellet durability index (PDI), water stability, and floatability. All process settings produced viable extrudates. Extrudate bulk density ranged from 0.35 to 0.41 g/cm3; PDI ranged from 87.42 to 94.35%, all extrudates were stable in water and floated for more than 30 min. This study highlights the importance of experimentally quantifying the effects of feed ingredients and process variables when developing aquafeeds with novel materials. Extrusion of Aquafeeds Containing Corn Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS) For Nile Tilapia
Tracking white and grey matter degeneration along the spinal cord axis in degenerative cervical myelopathy (2021)

Abstract Objective To determine tissue-specific neurodegeneration across the spinal cord in patients with mild-moderate degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Methods Twenty-four mild-moderate DCM and 24 healthy subjects were recruited. In patients, a T2-weighted scan was acquired at the compression site, while in all participants a T2*-weighted and diffusion-weighted scan was acquired at the cervical level (C2-C3) and in the lumbar enlargement (i.e. rostral and caudal to the site of compression). We quantified intramedullary signal changes, maximal canal and cord compression, white (WM) and grey matter (GM) atrophy, and microstructural indices from diffusion-weighted scans. All patients underwent clinical (modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA)) and electrophysiological assessments. Regression analysis assessed associations between MRI readouts and electrophysiological and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty patients were classified with mild and four with moderate DCM using the mJOA scale. The most frequent site of compression was at C5-C6 level with maximum cord compression of 4.68±0.83 mm. Ten patients showed imaging evidence of cervical myelopathy. In the cervical cord, WM and GM atrophy and WM microstructural changes were evident, while in the lumbar cord only WM showed atrophy and microstructural changes. Remote cervical cord WM microstructural changes were pronounced in patients with radiological myelopathy and associated with impaired electrophysiology. Lumbar cord WM atrophy was associated with lower limb sensory impairments. Conclusion Tissue-specific neurodegeneration revealed by quantitative MRI, already apparent across the spinal cord in mild-moderate DCM prior to the onset of severe clinical impairments. WM microstructural changes are particularly sensitive to remote pathologically and clinically eloquent changes in DCM.
Towards an Automatic Analysis of CHO-K1 Suspension Growth in\n Microfluidic Single-cell Cultivation (2020)

Motivation: Innovative microfluidic systems carry the promise to greatly\nfacilitate spatio-temporal analysis of single cells under well-defined\nenvironmental conditions, allowing novel insights into population heterogeneity\nand opening new opportunities for fundamental and applied biotechnology.\nMicrofluidics experiments, however, are accompanied by vast amounts of data,\nsuch as time series of microscopic images, for which manual evaluation is\ninfeasible due to the sheer number of samples. While classical image processing\ntechnologies do not lead to satisfactory results in this domain, modern deep\nlearning technologies such as convolutional networks can be sufficiently\nversatile for diverse tasks, including automatic cell tracking and counting as\nwell as the extraction of critical parameters, such as growth rate. However,\nfor successful training, current supervised deep learning requires label\ninformation, such as the number or positions of cells for each image in a\nseries; obtaining these annotations is very costly in this setting. Results: We\npropose a novel Machine Learning architecture together with a specialized\ntraining procedure, which allows us to infuse a deep neural network with\nhuman-powered abstraction on the level of data, leading to a high-performing\nregression model that requires only a very small amount of labeled data.\nSpecifically, we train a generative model simultaneously on natural and\nsynthetic data, so that it learns a shared representation, from which a target\nvariable, such as the cell count, can be reliably estimated.\n
Improving the CHARMM Force Field for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Chains (2012)

CHARMM36 (C36) is the most up-to-date pairwise additive all-atom lipid force field and is able to accurately represent bilayer properties of saturated and monounsaturated lipid molecules in the natural constant particle, pressure, and temperature (NPT) ensemble. However, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerco-3-phosphocholine (SDPC) bilayers of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) chains result in inaccuracies of the surface area per lipid (SA), deuterium order parameters (S(CD)), and X-ray form factors. Therefore, in this study, high-level quantum mechanical calculations are used to improve the dihedral potential of neighboring double bonds, and the corresponding force field is referred to as C36p. The SA for SDPC at 303 K increases from 63.2 ± 0.2 (C36) to 70.8 ± 0.2 (C36p) Å(2) and agrees favorably with X-ray diffraction results at 297 K. The resulting S(CD) are in excellent agreement with experimental values of both the sn-1 and sn-2 chains. Calculated NMR (13)C relaxation times and X-ray form factors from MD simulations of SDPC bilayers also agree with experiments. MD simulations of 1,2-diarachidonyl-phosphatidylcholine (DAPC) bilayers are used to further validate our force field parameters on a lipid with both chains containing PUFAs. As expected, the thickness of DAPC bilayers is reduced, and the SA is increased compared to the SDPC bilayers. This update in the PUFA force field should allow for accurate MD simulations of PUFA-containing bilayers in the NPT ensemble.
Abstract 9: The Effect of CPR Quality: A Potential Confounder of CPR Clinical Trials (2014)

Background: The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC)-PRIMED clinical trial evaluated an active inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) during standard CPR (intended to improve CPR hemodynamics) on survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Score [mRS] ≤3) in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and found no benefit. CPR quality varied widely in the trial. We hypothesized the quality of CPR provided would have a significant interaction with the intervention. Methods: We used the NIH public access ROC-PRIMED database. A large proportion of patients had CPR quality parameters (compression rate, depth and fraction) collected. “Quality CPR” was considered delivered if simultaneous provision of the following occurred: a compression rate of 80-120, depth of 4-6 cm and fraction of &gt;50%, consistent with American Heart Association guidelines at the time of the study. We assessed for interaction between each individual parameter of “quality CPR” and their combinations with the active and sham ITD for survival with mRS≤3. Interaction was considered to be significant when p&lt;0.1. Results: Overall, a total of 848 and 827 patients in the active and sham ITD groups had documented “quality CPR” performed. Including all presenting rhythms, use of an active ITD increased survival to hospital discharge with MRS ≤3 compared to sham (61/848 [7.2%] versus 34/827 [4.1%], respectively; p=0.006, OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.78). There was significant interaction between the active and sham ITD and compression rate, depth and fraction as well as their combinations. (Table 1) Conclusion: When “quality CPR” was delivered, the active ITD improved survival with mRS≤3 by an absolute 3.1%. CPR quality parameters showed significant interaction with the active and sham ITD. The quality of CPR delivered is a potential confounder of CPR clinical trials and should be appropriately controlled.
Role of FBXL20 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (2012)

In the present study, in order to determine whether the FBXL20 gene plays a role in the carcinogenesis of human colorectal adenocarcinoma, the mRNA expression levels of FBXL20 were examined in 30 pairs of human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding adjacent normal colorectal tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The pGPU/GFP/Neo-FBXL20 siRNA expression vector was transfected into the human colon carcinoma cell lines, SW480 and SW620. The mRNA levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, p53, PP2A, SET and E-cadherin were determined by qRT-PCR, whereas the protein levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, caspase-3 and SET were examined by western blot analysis. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle. As shown by qRT-PCR, FBXL20 mRNA expression was upregulated in 76.7% of the tumor samples. Cell proliferation was inhibited by 33.3% in the SW480-FBXL20 cells and by 22.7% in the SW620-FBXL20 cells, compared to the corresponding control cells. Furthermore, the percentages of apoptotic cells were 21.3 and 17.1% in the SW480-FBXL20 and SW620-FBXL20 cells, whereas the percentages of G1 phase cells in the two cell lines were 90.13 and 78.13%, respectively. In addition, the mRNA expression of SET and E-cadherin was upregulated in the SW480-FBXL20 and SW620-FBXL20 cells, whereas that of β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, p53 and PP2A was downregulated. Consistently, the protein expression of β-catenin and c-Myc was downregulated, whereas that of SET and caspase-3 was upregulated. Based on these results, we can conclude that FBXL20 plays an essential role in the carcinogenesis of human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, our data suggest that FBXL20 promotes carcinogenesis through the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and caspase activation.
Networks, Information & Social Capital (2008)

This paper investigates how information flows enable individuals to generate social capital from their social networks. By combining social network and performance data with the information content encoded in email communication, we examine the long held but empirically untested assumption that diverse networks drive performance by providing access to novel information. We demonstrate empirically that diverse networks do provide diverse, novel information, and that access to novel information predicts performance. But whether diverse networks deliver novel information depends on a tradeoff between network diversity and relationship channel bandwidth: as networks become more diverse, communication over each channel contracts. As network diversity and channel bandwidth both enable access to more novel information, diverse networks provide more novel information (a) when the topic space is large, (b) when topics are distributed non-uniformly across nodes and (c) when information in the network changes frequently. Diverse networks are not just pipes into diverse knowledge pools, but also inspire non-redundant communication even when the knowledge endowments of contacts are homogeneous. Consistent with theories of cognitive capacity, bounded rationality, and information overload, there are positive but diminishing performance returns to novel information. Network diversity also contributes to performance when controlling for the performance effects of novel information, suggesting additional non-information based benefits to structural diversity. These analyses unpack the mechanisms that enable information advantages in networks and serve as a ‘proof-of-concept’ for using email content to analyze relationships among information, networks and social capital.
Detection of Escherichia coli in potable water using direct impedance technology (1995)

Direct impedance measurement utilizing a medium previously described as being specific for Escherichia coli and which contains trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and glucuronic acid was used to detect E. coli in water samples. The system was compared with the Colilert presence/absence test and the United Kingdom standard membrane filtration technique using membrane lauryl sulphate broth. The impedance method correlated well with both the traditional membrane method (93%) and the Colilert method (93.95%) for a number of different water types. No interference from Citrobacter spp. (as reported in previous studies) was detected in this study although some Salmonella spp. did give false-positive results. The data presented here suggest that the use of direct impedance may offer an alternative to conventional methods for the detection of E. coli in water.
Integrated data and speech transmission using packet reservation multiple access (2002)

The authors propose an integrated packet reservation multiple access (IPRMA) protocol for transmitting both speech and data information. While speech users are allowed to contend for reservation slots on a frame-by-frame basis, data users may reserve multiple slots across a frame to increase throughput. The protocol includes a priority mechanism which ensures that speech users have greater access to idle slots since speech packets have a more demanding delay constraint. The proposed scheme is shown to provide equitable access to channel resources for both types of users, yielding improvements in overall system performance while significantly increasing data throughput compared to a system without data packet reservation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>