gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically-based Control Of Omnidirectional Leg Coordination (2005)

Animals have been engineered by evolution to adapt and survive in a dynamic environment. We are studying the neural control mechanisms of the American lobster and applying the resultant neurophysiological models to robot control. Our long term goal is to study the utility of biological models to robot control for an underwater walking machine. Our robot architecture is based on a well accepted biological model that includes command systems, coordinating systems, and central pattern generation. We focus, in this paper, on the central pattern generator and coordinating systems. The central pattern generator controls the motion of the leg appropriate to walking directions with and without sensory feedback. The coordinating systems control the gait pattern of the legs. We have built a simulator which models the central pattern generator and coordination and demonstrates basic walking motions of the leg in any direction and at multiple speeds. We also simulate the coordination of a stable gait. Our future research includes testing our simulated results on an eight legged walking machine based on the morphology of the lobster, and adding sensors, reflexes, and taxes to our robotic model.
Alarm Pheromone of Lasius (Dendrolasius) spathepus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Its Possible Mimicry by Two Species of Pella (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)1 (1971)

The alarm pheromone of Lasius (Dendrolasius) spathepus (Wheeler) was identified as citronellal. This pheromone was shown to come from the head of the ant and is probably produced in the mandibular glands. The natural products produced in the mandibular glands of species in the genus Lasius are discussed. A substance, producing the same kind of alarm reaction in the ants, was produced by at least 1 species of myrmecophile, Pella japonicus (Sharp) and possibly by another, P. comes (Sharp). Ethanolic extracts of this substance also produced the identical alarm reaction. Moreover the substance from the myrmecophiles smelled the same as the substance from the ants. For these reasons, it is believed that this substance (probably from the tergal gland of the beetle) is an example of chemical mimicry wherein the myrmecophiles use the alarm reaction to elude their hosts under conditions of unusual ant excitement.
Detection of skewed symmetry (2008)

This study examined the ability of human observers to discriminate between symmetric and asymmetric planar figures from perspective and orthographic images. The first experiment showed that the discrimination is reliable in the case of polygons, but not dotted patterns. The second experiment showed that the discrimination is facilitated when the projected symmetry axis or projected symmetry lines are known to the subject. A control experiment showed that the discrimination is more reliable with orthographic, than with perspective images. Based on these results, we formulated a computational model of symmetry detection. The model measures the asymmetry of the presented polygon based on its single orthographic or perspective image. Performance of the model is similar to that of the subjects.
Magnetically Separable CdS/ZnFe2O4 Composites with Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity and Photostability under Visible Light (2018)

Novel CdS/ZnFe2O4 composites were prepared through a two-step hydrothermal process. The homogeneous ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles are decorated on the self-assembled CdS spheres. Compared to those of pure CdS and blank ZnFe2O4, the photocatalytic activity and stability of the magnetically separable CdS/ZnFe2O4 composites are considerably increased. The results of photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further validate that the performance enhancement results from the construction of heterojunction structure, leading to high charge separation efficiency. On the basis of the calculation and the trapping test, a heterojunction photocatalytic mechanism is proposed.
La vivienda en propiedad en los Índices de Precios de Consumo (2004)

?Por que la vivienda en propiedad no esta incluida en el IPC? La respuesta a esta pregunta, que se
hace la mayoria de la poblacion espanola que destina gran parte de su salario al pago de una vivienda,
es sencilla: porque este gasto no se considera consumo sino ahorro o inversion ya que el Sistema
Europeo de Cuentas contabiliza la vivienda en propiedad como formacion bruta de capital no como
consumo.
Self-assembled epitaxial magnetic lateral structures on Ru: Controlling the shape and placement (2004)

We explore lithographic patterning and substrate orientation of single-crystal Ru substrates as the means to control shape, alignment, and magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial Co and Fe islands. The Co dots and stripes were grown at $350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ via molecular-beam epitaxy and characterized ex situ with atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and the magneto-optic Kerr effect. For Co deposited onto a Ru(0001) pre-etched with deep $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ squares, Co islands decorate the edges of the patterns and exhibit in-plane magnetic domains with easy axis along the edges. Shallow patterns, however, do not result in preferential positioning of the dots. When the etched shallow lines are along the close-packed $[101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0]$ direction, the islands tend to elongate along the induced steps, which introduces a magnetic easy axis along the line direction. In contrast to the quasihexagonal dots of Co on Ru(0001), Fe deposited on the twofold $\mathrm{Ru}(101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1)$ forms elongated islands of $\ensuremath{\sim}100\mathrm{nm}$ long and 20 nm wide.
Understanding and Avoiding Adverse Selection in Dark Pools (2010)

The explosive growth of high-frequency trading (HFT) activity presents a host of challenges for traders looking for quality block executions in dark pools. HFT firms are making over $21 billion in annual profits, according to the TABB Group, and much of that is derived by capturing short-term alpha at the expense of traditional buy-side traders. Adverse selection is no longer as straightforward as it once was or as easy to avoid. This article looks at several methods for measuring both short-term and long-term adverse selection, as well as how to effectively filter for quality liquidity.
Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): mitral regurgitation (2016)

Abstract Mitral regurgitation (MR) is increasingly prevalent in Europe. Echocardiography has a key role in the diagnosis and management of patients with MR. Each echocardiographic study in patients with MR should aim to characterize mitral valve morphology, identify the mechanism of valve dysfunction, quantify the severity of MR, and give hints regarding the aetiology of the disease affecting the valve. Assessment of MR severity should be based on a step-wise approach including two-dimensional-derived Doppler data and, when available, data derived from three-dimensional echocardiography. MR assessment by quantitative methods should be implemented in each patient when possible. It is imperative not only to quantify the MR severity, but also to assess its consequences on the left ventricle, left atrium, and pulmonary vascular bed and to put everything into the clinical context (presence of symptoms, individual risk assessment, etc.) before taking any decision to correct the valvular incompetence. A rigorous echocardiographic study and a correct interpretation in the individual clinical context are needed to decide if the patient should be operated on or followed up closely. Exercise stress echocardiography, when appropriate, should be part of the evaluation algorithm in patients with both primary and secondary MR, as it has proved to be useful in individual risk stratification.
Serially concatenated space time convolutional codes and continuous phase modulation (2008)

This paper addresses space time convolutional code design using continuous phase modulation (CPM). The possibility of constructing full diversity space time codes is investigated. A linear modulation approximation to CPM is done. Using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization transform the CPM signal is generated as a vector with finite energy in a different Euclidean space. A serially concatenated CPM construction is considered in searching channel codes which are able to exploit maximum diversity. Design criteria based on the encoding scheme are derived for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas. The investigations are done for a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel.
PROGRESS IN PLASTIC ELECTRONICS DEVICES (2006)

▪ Abstract Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on solution-processible polymeric as well as small molecular semiconductors have shown impressive improvements in their performance during recent years. These devices have been developed to realize low-cost, large-area electronic products. This review gives an overview of the materials’ aspect, charge-transport, and device physics of OFETs, focusing mainly on the organic semiconductor and organic dielectric materials and their mutual interface. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between microstructure and charge transport, the influence of processing techniques, and gate dielectric are reviewed. Comparative data of charge-carrier mobility of most organic semiconductors have been compiled. Ambipolar charge transport in OFETs and its applications to integrated circuits as well as ambipolar light-emitting transistors are also reviewed. Many interesting questions regarding how the molecular and electronic structures at the interface of the organic semiconductor and organic insulator influence device performance and stability remain to be explored.
Psychometric Properties of a Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 Anxiety, Mood, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (2016)

Three hundred sixty-two adult patients were administered the Diagnostic Interview for Anxiety, Mood, and OCD and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders (DIAMOND). Of these, 121 provided interrater reliability data, and 115 provided test-retest reliability data. Participants also completed a battery of self-report measures that assess symptoms of anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Interrater reliability of DIAMOND anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related diagnoses ranged from very good to excellent. Test-retest reliability of DIAMOND diagnoses ranged from good to excellent. Convergent validity was established by significant between-group comparisons on applicable self-report measures for nearly all diagnoses. The results of the present study indicate that the DIAMOND is a promising semistructured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 disorders.
Interpreting murine tolerance experiments (2000)

Murine allograft models have been a major tool in the quest for transplantation tolerance. As the search for tolerance shifts toward larger animal models and humans, it becomes critical to determine which of the successful murine strategies hold the most promise for broad application. This requires clear criteria for treatment goals and a paradigm for meaningful comparison of the various organs, strains, and treatments used in the murine system.
Real-time DSP implementation of Pedestrian Detection algorithm using HOG features (2012)

Pedestrian Detection is the most critical safety application in automotive driver assistance systems. Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features is known to produce the state of the art results for this application. This feature is very compute-intensive and it is difficult to achieve real-time performance by direct porting of community software like OpenCV. In this paper, we discuss an efficient DSP implementation of this algorithm and also demonstrate how architecture aware design choices can lead to huge performance improvements. The algorithm was implemented and profiled on a Texas Instruments' C674x DSP, achieving a performance of 20 fps for a VGA resolution video sequence. Compared to OpenCV's HOG function, the proposed implementation is 130X faster without a significant loss of accuracy.
DNA-Network-Templated Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2005)

A large-scale lambda-DNA network on a mica surface was successfully fabricated with a simple method. Silver nanoparticles capped with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were self-assembled onto a two-dimensional DNA network template by electrostatic interaction and formed nanoporous silver films, which can be used as active surface-enhanced raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Two probe molecules, Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), were studied on these substrates with very low concentrations, and great enhancement factors for R6G (0.21 x 10(10)-4.09 x 10(11)) and 4-ATP (approximately 1.70 x 10(5)) were observed. It was found that the enhancement ability was affected by the DNA concentration and the electrostatic absorption time of the CTAB-stabilized silver nanoparticles on the DNA strands. These SERS substrates formed by the self-assembly of silver nanoparticles on DNA network also show good stability and reproducibility in our experiments.
Novel type of m.i.c. symmetrical 3-port circulator (1972)

We present a novel type of 3-port symmetric m.i.c. circulator, based on a new nonreciprocal propagation mode recently discovered in wide ferrite microstrips. Performance data at X band frequencies are reported.
Determination of recharge in unsaturated soils using temperature monitoring (1999)

Can shallow temperature measurements on vertical profiles be used to determine the recharge? As a first approach to answer this question, we consider here the soil temperature data recorded by meteorological stations. A group of annual cycles allows us to determine the average value of vertical water seepage: in the presence of infiltration the apparent diffusivity deduced from the damping of the amplitude of the temperature between two different depths differs from the apparent diffusivity deduced from the temperature phase shift between the same pair of depths, and the average water flow can be easily deduced from this difference. For the determination of recharge over shorter periods of time it would be better to reconsider the sampling step of the data in both time and space domains. These limitations can be overcome by installing specialized vertical temperature profiles.
Fighting Climate Change in the Energy Sector – A Holistic View (2017)

A simple but complete model of the energy sector is proposed. It includes electricity, heating and transportation as final consumption forms. Two types of optimization approaches are used, (1) a linear programming solver for a dispatch optimization that minimizes operation costs of the energy system on an hour-by-hour basis; (2) an evolutionary investment optimizer that proposes a cost-optimal investment path from a status quo towards a future low-CO2 energy system. The model characterizes all assets by efficiency and costs (investment, variable & fixed operation and maintenance). It is applied to three European countries which vary in terms of climatic conditions and renewable potential. The results show the importance of linking the different energy sectors: strong CO2 emission reductions of >80% can only be achieved through an electrification of heating and transportation. Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) can play a vital role in reaching those important targets at minimum costs. Only a technology-neutral, holistic system approach that integrates conventional and renewable technologies will lead to a reliable, affordable and clean energy supply for Europe.
Revisiting the SAFE Diagram for Analysis of Mistuned Bladed Disks (2012)

The SAFE diagram is a design tool that is often used for analyzing modes of concern in bladed disks. The diagram implements the concept of phase cancellation in order to show what bladed disk modes can and cannot be excited by upstream flow obstructions. In many cases, phase cancellation theory dictates that even if a modal frequency corresponds with an excitation order, the mode may not be excited if the total work calculated by integrating the excitation profile around the mode shape is equal to zero. This paper reviews the theory behind the SAFE diagram and explores the effects of blade mistuning on SAFE diagram analysis from both theoretical and experiential viewpoints. Modal test data, mistuned finite element analysis, and two case studies all indicate that mistuned modes may not exhibit the pure nodal diameter patterns that are predicted by a symmetric analysis and are required for phase cancellation. These mistuned asymmetric modes may result in high blade stresses and blade failure even if a SAFE diagram analysis indicates that the mode will not be excited.
Phytoplankton biomass, composition, and productivity along a temperature and stratification gradient in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (2013)

Abstract. The North Atlantic Ocean experiences considerable variability in sea surface temperature (SST, &gt;10 m) on seasonal and inter-annual time-scales. Relationships between SST and vertical density stratification, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton biomass, composition, and absorption were assessed in spring and summer from latitudes 30–62° N. Furthermore, a bio-optical model was used to estimate productivity for five phytoplankton groups. Nutrient concentration (integrated from 0–125 m) was inversely correlated with SST in spring and summer. SST was also inversely correlated with near surface (0–50 m) Chl a and productivity for stratified stations. However, near surface Chl a showed an exponential relationship with SST, whereas a linear relationship was found for productivity and SST. The response of phytoplankton to changes in SST is therefore most likely to be observed by changes in Chl a rather than productivity. The discrepancy between relationships of Chl a and productivity were probably related to changes in phytoplankton cell size. The contribution of cyanobacteria to water column productivity correlated positively with SST and inversely with nutrient concentration. This suggests that a rise in SST (over a 13–23 °C range) stimulates productivity by cyanobacteria at the expense of haptophytes, which showed an inverse relationship to SST. At higher latitudes, where rising SST may prolong the stratified season, haptophyte productivity may expand at the expense of diatom productivity. Depth integrated Chl a (0–410 m) was greatest in the spring at higher latitudes, where stratification in the upper 200 m was weakest. This suggests that stronger stratification does not necessarily result in higher phytoplankton biomass standing stock in this region.
4-Methylpyridinium Hydrogen Sulfide (1996)

4-Methyl­pyridinium hydrogen sulfide, C6H7NH+.HS−, was obtained as a by-product of the reaction between GaCl3 and thioglycolic acid in a 4-methylpyridine solution. The compound consists of heterocyclic C6H7NH+ cationic rings and HS− anions. Both the C6H7NH+ cation and the HS− anion lie on crystallographic mirror planes with the N, S, two C and two H atoms positioned in the planes. The H atom of the HS− anion was not located.
Biomimetic tumor-induced angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy in a microfluidic model (2016)

Mimicking<italic>in vivo</italic>angiogenesis on a microfluidic model and application on testing drug potential to inhibit angiogenesis.
Anti–Interleukin‐6 Receptor Tocilizumab for Severe Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis–Associated Uveitis Refractory to Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: A Multicenter Study of Twenty‐Five Patients (2016)

TCZ appears to be a useful therapy for severe refractory JIA-associated uveitis.
Loss of intestinal nuclei and intestinal integrity in aging C. elegans (2011)

The roundworm C. elegans is widely used as an aging model, with hundreds of genes identified that modulate aging (Kaeberlein et al., 2002. Mech. Ageing Dev.123, 1115-1119). The development and bodyplan of the 959 cells comprising the adult have been well described and established for more than 25 years (Sulston & Horvitz, 1977. Dev. Biol.56, 110-156; Sulston et al., 1983. Dev. Biol.100, 64-119.). However, morphological changes with age in this optically transparent animal are less well understood, with only a handful of studies investigating the pathobiology of aging. Age-related changes in muscle (Herndon et al., 2002. Nature419, 808-814), neurons (Herndon et al., 2002), intestine and yolk granules (Garigan et al., 2002. Genetics161, 1101-1112; Herndon et al., 2002), nuclear architecture (Haithcock et al., 2005. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102, 16690-16695), tail nuclei (Golden et al., 2007. Aging Cell6, 179-188), and the germline (Golden et al., 2007) have been observed via a variety of traditional relatively low-throughput methods. We report here a number of novel approaches to study the pathobiology of aging C. elegans. We combined histological staining of serial-sectioned tissues, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy with 3D volumetric reconstructions and characterized age-related morphological changes in multiple wild-type individuals at different ages. This enabled us to identify several novel pathologies with age in the C. elegans intestine, including the loss of critical nuclei, the degradation of intestinal microvilli, changes in the size, shape, and cytoplasmic contents of the intestine, and altered morphologies caused by ingested bacteria. The three-dimensional models we have created of tissues and cellular components from multiple individuals of different ages represent a unique resource to demonstrate global heterogeneity of a multicellular organism.