gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of scatterometry for scanner matching (2011)

For the high volume manufacturing at the 45nm node and beyond it is crucial to match the OPC behaviour of all scanners used at a given process step. For this task the ASML LithoTuner PatternMatcher software was used. LithoTuner PatternMatcher is a tool to improve the proximity differences between a reference scanner and one or more so called 'to be matched' scanners. The optimization uses the concept of sensitivities of CDs of critical features towards adjustable scanner parameters in combination with the delta CD's of those critical features. To perform the scanner matching it is very important to have accurate and repeatable CD data. Therefore we investigated the use of scatterometry as a replacement for the traditional CDSEM measurement. Scatterometry significantly enhances the measurement precision while simultaneously reduces the measurement time. In a first step we determined the sensitivities of the structures by measuring the CD response to small perturbations of the individual scanner parameter settings. CD through pitch and repeating 2 dimensional line end structures were measured using the ASML YieldStar tool and a Hitachi CDSEM. The scatterometry- and CDSEM based sensitivities of the scanner parameter settings are compared. Finally a scanner matching based on both sets of sensitivities has been performed. In this article we will show that both methods are suited to perform the scanner matching. We will also present the differences between the two sets of sensitivities obtained with scatterometry and CDSEM. At the end we will present the results of the tool matching and show the results of a cross check. In the cross check sensitivities obtained with the use of scatterometry were used for the scanner matching next to SEM metrology used for verification.
Multimodal Chain: Cross-Modal Collaboration Through Listening, Speaking, and Visualizing (2021)

Language is an integral part of human interpersonal communication, which is conveyed through multiple sensory channels. This multisensory communication skill has motivated an extensive number of studies on multimodal information processing, which are trying to develop a system that mimics this natural behaviour. For example, automatic speech recognition (ASR) represents listening activity, text-to-speech (TTS) represents speaking, and various image processing models to represent visual perception. Most are trained and tuned independently using parallel examples from the source to the target modality. However, this is not the case in real-life situations, where a lot of paired data are unavailable. Inspired by this self-supervision of the human auditory and visual perception system, we proposed a multimodal chain mechanism with a weakly-supervised chain training strategy that is trained and tuned jointly. In our proposed framework, when the amount of paired training data are insufficient, collaboration among ASR and TTS, image captioning (IC), and image production models can improve their performance through single or dual-loop chain mechanisms. Our experiment result showed that by using such a closed-loop chain mechanism, we can improve a model with both unpaired and unrelated data from different modalities in a semi-supervised manner. Through the collaboration of speech and visual chains, we improve an ASR model performance with an image-only dataset while maintaining the performance of other models.
Ligand‐Induced Changes in T Box Antiterminator RNA Stability (2011)

The T box antiterminator RNA element is an important component of the T box riboswitch that controls the transcription of vital genes in many Gram-positive bacteria. A series of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles was screened in a fluorescence-monitored thermal denaturation assay to identify ligands that altered the stability of antiterminator model RNA. Several ligands were identified that significantly increased or decreased the melting temperature (T(m) ) of the RNA. The results indicate that this series of triazole ligands can alter the stability of antiterminator model RNA in a structure-dependent manner.
High Altitude Platforms for Wireless Sensor Network applications (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of using high altitude platforms (HAPs) for low power wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. In our study, HAPs are employed to replace the sink usually deployed on the ground and collect data from sensor nodes. Two scenarios of employing the HAP as the sink in the WSN are established. Multiple sensor nodes are organized in an ad-hoc manner or in a cluster fashion. Due to the advantages of HAP systems, integrating HAPs into WSN can efficiently extend the deployment coverage area of WSN and reduce complexity of the WSN structure. Simulation results show that HAPs can be effectively employed to provide communications for WSNs.
KT5823 Differentially Modulates Sodium Iodide Symporter Expression, Activity, and Glycosylation between Thyroid and Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake into thyroid follicular cells serves as the basis of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. NIS protein is also expressed in the majority of breast tumors, raising potential for radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. KT5823, a staurosporine-related protein kinase inhibitor, has been shown to increase thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced NIS expression, and thus iodide uptake, in thyroid cells. In this study, we found that KT5823 does not increase but decreases iodide uptake within 0.5 h of treatment in trans-retinoic acid and hydrocortisone-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, KT5823 accumulates hypoglycosylated NIS, and this effect is much more evident in breast cancer cells than thyroid cells. The hypoglycosylated NIS is core glycosylated, has not been processed through the Golgi apparatus, but is capable of trafficking to the cell surface. KT5823 impedes complex NIS glycosylation at a regulatory point similar to brefeldin A along the N-linked glycosylation pathway, rather than targeting a specific N-glycosylated site of NIS. KT5823-mediated effects on NIS activity and glycosylation are also observed in other breast cancer cells as well as human embryonic kidney cells expressing exogenous NIS. Taken together, KT5823 will serve as a valuable pharmacological reagent to uncover mechanisms underlying differential NIS regulation between thyroid and breast cancer cells at multiple levels.
Multivariate and multiscale analysis of biomedical signals: Towards a comprehensive approach to medical diagnosis (2012)

Biomedical signals constitute the "epiphany", i.e the external manifestation of the functioning of the involved physiological systems. Many of these systems like cardiovascular or central nervous systems are indeed complex and that is confirmed by both the structure of physiological modelling which is generally employed to explain various pathophysiological phenomena and by the richness of information detectable from the signals, in most of the times with strong linear and nonlinear interactions with other biological systems. In particular, this behaviour may be accordingly described by means of what was called MMMM-paradigm (i.e. multivariate, multiorgan, multimodal and multiscale). Such an approach to physiological studies emphasizes where the genesis of their complexity is potentially allocated and how it is possible to detect information from it, through a proper processing of the available data. It is believed that this paradigm will contribute to a more olistic vision of pathophysiology, by considering patient as a whole not simply as the sum of his/her constituent parts. Medical diagnosis a well as a modern concept of preventive medicine which has to take care also of healthy population could largely profit by this methodological and technological approach.
Using trees to remediate groundwaters contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. 1998 annual progress report (1998)

'Industrial practices in the past have resulted in contamination of groundwater with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) at many DOE sites, such as Hanford and Savannah River. Such contamination is a major problem because existing groundwater remediation technologies are expensive and difficult. An inexpensive method for groundwater remediation is greatly needed. Trees could be used to remediate CHC polluted groundwater at minimal cost (phytoremediation). Before phytoremediation can be extensively applied, the authors must determine the range of compounds that are attacked, the effects of metabolic products on the plants and the environment, and the effect of transpiration and concentration of CHC on uptake and metabolism. They will test the ability of hybrid poplar to take up and transform the chlorinated methanes, ethanes and ethylenes. The rate of uptake and transformation by poplar of TCE as a function of concentration in the soil, transpiration rate and illumination level will be determined. Methods will be developed to permit rapid testing of plants from contaminated sites for species able to oxidize and sequester chlorinated compounds. They will identify the nature of the bound residues of TCE metabolism in poplar. They will identify the mechanisms involved in CHC oxidation in poplar and use genetic manipulations to enhance that activity. They will introduce the genes for mammalian cytochrome P-450-IIE1, known to oxidize light CHCs such as TCE to attempt to increase the CHC metabolism capacity of poplar. The results of this research will place phytoremediation of CHCs on a firm scientific footing, allowing a rational assessment of its application to groundwater contamination. This report summarizes the results of the first 1.5 years of work on a three-year project.'
Extremely broadband calibrated bolometers and microbolometer arrays for Earth radiation budget measurements (2022)

The Earth radiation budget, a 40-year data record of the balance between solar radiation reaching the Earth and the amount reflected, and emitted from the Earth, is a key climate record for determining whether the Earth is warming or cooling. The need for accurate and cost-effective space-based measurements is driving the technology development of broadband bolometers and linear microbolometer arrays. We describe the performance of microfabricated bolometers and 1 x 32 linear microbolometer arrays developed for this purpose. To accurately measure the total outgoing radiation from 0.3 &mu;m to over 100 &mu;m, consisting of reflected shortwave solar radiation and emitted longwave thermal radiation, a vertically aligned carbon nanotube thermal absorber is incorporated with an electrical substitution heater that provides on-board calibration capabilities. A silicon nitride heat link is used to optimize response time while minimizing noise and the inequivalence between thermal and optical heating. The devices operate at room temperature with noise floors at nW/√Hz or lower at the measurement frequency of 7 Hz. Response times below 10 ms have been demonstrated in closed-loop operation using the electrical heater. Thin film Pt thermistors measure the change in microbolometer temperature. The deposition of the thin film thermistors has been optimized to maximize the temperature coefficient of resistance, which is key to meeting the demanding signal-to-noise requirement of this application.
Bedeutung der proinflammatorischen Zytokine für die Mangelernährung bei Leberzirrhose (2006)

Einleitung: Proinflammatorische Zytokine sind mit der Entstehung der Kachexie bei Lebererkrankungen in der Verbindung gebracht worden. Ein mit der Kachexie assoziierter Abfall von Reaktanz und Phasenwinkel (PA) ist ein guter Prädiktor für Mortalität bei Leberzirrhose. Wir untersuchten den Zusammenhang zwischen proinflammatorischen Zytokinen, Ernährungszustand und Impedanzparametern bei 65 Patienten mit Leberzirrhose.
Si/C Based Nanocomposite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Kinetic Model for the Decomposition of Cyanide during the Elution of Gold from Activated Carbon (1995)

Abstract Free cyanide is usually present during the elution of gold cyanide from activated carbon. The decomposition of cyanide is important not only in the extraction of gold but also for environmental reasons. Previous studies have indicated that competitive adsorption of cyanide with aurocyanide plays a minor role at the elevated temperatures used in industry. A more important effect of cyanide is its decomposition reaction with functional groups on the carbon, the products of which passivate the surface for adsorption of aurocyanide, and thereby cyanide appears to enhance the elution of aurocyanide. It was observed that the degree of passivation affects the elution of gold and the degradation/adsorption of cyanide itself. Batch tests have shown that the rate of oxidation of cyanide at low temperatures is independent of particle size and more dependent on film transfer. Based on these observations, a kinetic model was proposed for the decomposition and elution of cyanide in packed columns of activated carbon. The oxidation and hydrolysis reactions in the bulk solution, as well as in the carbon pores, were combined and described by single first-order reactions. It was found that the same kinetic parameters could be used to give satisfactory predictions of experimental data for a wide range of conditions.
A Wireless Sensor Network Target Tracking System with Distributed Competition based Sensor Scheduling (2007)

In existing distributed target tracking systems, usually the next tasking sensor node is selected from the candidate sensor nodes by the current tasking sensor node. In this paper we demonstrate by a real test-bed that such approach may not achieve satisfactory tracking performance due to the long computation time needed for sensor scheduling. We develop a distributed target tracking system implementing a novel competition based distributed sensor scheduling scheme where a candidate sensor node with highest predicted tracking accuracy will be elected as the new tasking sensor with highest probability. The system hardware and software architectures are described and the superior tracking performances of the system are demonstrated with experimental comparison with existing sensor scheduling schemes.
Evolutionary Multi-Objective Workflow Scheduling in Cloud (2015)

Cloud computing provides promising platforms for executing large applications with enormous computational resources to offer on demand. In a Cloud model, users are charged based on their usage of resources and the required quality of service (QoS) specifications. Although there are many existing workflow scheduling algorithms in traditional distributed or heterogeneous computing environments, they have difficulties in being directly applied to the Cloud environments since Cloud differs from traditional heterogeneous environments by its service-based resource managing method and pay-per-use pricing strategies. In this paper, we highlight such difficulties, and model the workflow scheduling problem which optimizes both makespan and cost as a Multi-objective Optimization Problem (MOP) for the Cloud environments. We propose an evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO)-based algorithm to solve this workflow scheduling problem on an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) platform. Novel schemes for problem-specific encoding and population initialization, fitness evaluation and genetic operators are proposed in this algorithm. Extensive experiments on real world workflows and randomly generated workflows show that the schedules produced by our evolutionary algorithm present more stability on most of the workflows with the instance-based IaaS computing and pricing models. The results also show that our algorithm can achieve significantly better solutions than existing state-of-the-art QoS optimization scheduling algorithms in most cases. The conducted experiments are based on the on-demand instance types of Amazon EC2; however, the proposed algorithm are easy to be extended to the resources and pricing models of other IaaS services.
HS-173, a novel PI3K inhibitor suppresses EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies prone to metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to cancer invasiveness and drug resistance. In this study, we investigated whether HS-173, a novel PI3K inhibitor blocked the process of EMT in pancreatic cancer. HS-173 inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the TGF-β-induced migration and invasion, as well as reversed TGF-β-induced mesenchymal cell morphology. Also, HS-173 reduced EMT by increasing epithelial markers and decreasing the mesenchymal markers by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Smad2/3 signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, HS-173 clearly suppressed tumor growth without drug toxicity in both xenograft and orthotopic mouse models. Furthermore, to explore the anti-metastatic effect of HS-173, we established pancreatic cancer metastatic mouse models and found that it significantly inhibited metastatic dissemination of the primary tumor to liver and lung. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that HS-173 can efficiently suppress EMT and metastasis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Smad2/3 signaling pathways, suggesting it can be a potential candidate for the treatment of advanced stage pancreatic cancer.
A Synthesis of 6-Methylindole and dl-6-Methyltryptophan (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of 6-Methylindole and dl-6-MethyltryptophanH. R. Snyder and Frederick J. PilgrimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3787–3788Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Basis of a Phototropin Light Switch (2003)

Phototropins are light-activated kinases important for plant responses to blue light. Light initiates signaling in these proteins by generating a covalent protein-flavin mononucleotide (FMN) adduct within sensory Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains. We characterized the light-dependent changes of a phototropin PAS domain by solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and found that an alpha helix located outside the canonical domain plays a key role in this activation process. Although this helix associates with the PAS core in the dark, photoinduced changes in the domain structure disrupt this interaction. We propose that this mechanism couples light-dependent bond formation to kinase activation and identifies a signaling pathway conserved among PAS domains.
Edible nanoemulsions: fabrication, properties, and functional performance (2010)

There is increasing interest within the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries in utilizing edible nanoemulsions to encapsulate, protect and deliver lipophilic functional components, such as oil-soluble flavors, vitamins, preservatives, nutraceuticals, and drugs. There are a number of potential advantages of using nanoemulsions rather than conventional emulsions for this purpose: they can greatly increase the bioavailability of lipophilic substances; they scatter light weakly and so can be incorporated into optically transparent products; they can be used to modulate the product texture; and they have a high stability to particle aggregation and gravitational separation. On the other hand, there may also be some risks associated with the oral ingestion of nanoemulsions, such as their ability to change the biological fate of bioactive components within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential toxicity of some of the components used in their fabrication. This tutorial review provides an overview of the current status of nanoemulsion fabrication, properties, and applications with special emphasis on systems suitable for utilization within the food industry.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF JUGLONE AND METHYLJUGLONE DIMERS (1976)

Abstract Die Strukturzuordnung bei Dinaphthylenchinonen (VII) bzw. Bijuglonen (VIII) wird untersucht und in diesem Zusammenhang definierte Naphthalin‐hydroxy‐Derivate hergestellt.
Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana 12‐oxophytodienoate reductase isoform 3 in complex with 8‐iso prostaglandin A1 (2011)

12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3), one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA), catalyzes the reduction of the cyclopentenone ring of (9S,13S)-12-oxophytodienoate [(9S,13S)-OPDA]. However, there has been no structural information about the interaction between OPRs and the physiologically relevant (9S,13S)-OPDA. Here we report the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana OPR3 in complex with 8-iso prostaglandin A1 (8-iso PGA(1)) which has the same stereochemistry in the cyclopentenone ring as in the physiologically relevant 9S,13S-OPDA. This structure reveals a new binding mode for substrate that likely contributes to the relaxed stereospecificity observed for AtOPR3.
Cardiac troponin T in hemodialyzed patients (1998)

We studied the extent and pattern of increased cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations in 174 hemodialyzed patients. cTnT concentrations were above 0.10 and 0.20 microg/L in 29% and 10% of patients, respectively. In patients without acute coronary disease, the highest value observed was 3.2 microg/L. cTnT increased after dialysis in 10 of 12 patients, with a mean increase of 0.14 microg/L. In 125 patients with samples taken at 1-month intervals, 34% of patients showed differences <20%, but 16% of patients had differences greater than twofold. Serum creatinine and urea, adequacy of dialysis, and duration on dialysis did not explain increased concentrations. Sixty percent of 57 diabetic patients had increased concentrations; the patients with multiple diabetic complications had the highest positivity. cTnT was increased in all eight patients with complications of neuropathy, retinopathy, coronary, and peripheral vascular disease; in 80% of patients with neuropathy; in 77% with peripheral vascular disease; in 73% with retinopathy; and in 70% with coronary artery disease.