gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The distribution of adenosine A1 receptors and 5′‐nucleotidase in the hippocampal formation of several mammalian species (1986)

The distributions of adenosine A1 receptors, as demonstrated by 3H-cyclohexyladenosine (3H-CHA) binding, and the adenosine-producing enzyme 5'-nucleotidase were examined in the hippocampal formation of the rat, mouse, gerbil, cat, hamster, rabbit, and guinea pig. The enzyme and binding sites were restricted to subregions and often individual layers of this structure. The distribution of 3H-CHA binding was consistent among the species with the strata radiatum and oriens of fields CA1 and CA3 exhibiting the highest levels of binding. A distinct band of 3H-CHA binding was observed in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus; and in most species, this band was restricted to the inner one-third of the stratum moleculare (i.e., proximal to the stratum granulosum). The strata pyramidale, granulosum, and lucidum were in general only weakly positive for 3H-CHA binding. The binding to the stratum lacunosum/moleculare (or the distinct strata lacunosum and moleculare in the rabbit and cat) was moderate. In contrast to the relative consistency of the patterns of 3H-CHA binding in these species, 5'-nucleotidase exhibited wide variations in both the absolute amount of activity and its localization. In all species, the strata granulosum and pyramidale appeared devoid of 5'-nucleotidase activity. The only clear exception to this rule was the CA3 region of the cat where activity was seen between the cell bodies of stratum pyramidale. The strata radiatum and oriens of CA1 were strongly positive in the rat and hamster but only low to moderately stained in the other species examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neutron Reflectivity Study of the Density Profile of a Model End-Grafted Polymer Brush: Influence of Solvent Quality (1994)

Neutron reflectivity measurements are made on a chemically end-grafted polymer brush swollen over a range of temperatures above and below the theta point. Good agreement between the brush profiles and recent self-consistent field calculations and numerical simulations is obtained for temperatures in the vicinity of the theta point and in a good solvent. The expansion of the main body of the brush resembles a swelling gel, while the brush tail expands similarly to a polymer in solution.
Combining digital watermarks and collusion secure fingerprints for customer copy monitoring (2000)

Digital watermarking is the enabling technology to prove ownership on copyrighted material, detect originators of illegally made copies, monitor the usage of the copyrighted multimedia data and analyze the spread spectrum of the data over networks and servers. Embedding of unique customer identification as a watermark into data is called fingerprinting to identify illegal copies of documents. Basically, watermarks embedded into multimedia data for enforcing copyrights must uniquely identify the data and must be difficult to remove, even after various media transformation processes. Digital fingerprinting raises the additional problem that we produce different copies for each customer. Attackers can compare several fingerprinted copies to find and destroy the embedded identification string by altering the data in those places where a difference was detected. In our paper we present a technology for combining a collusion-secure fingerprinting scheme based on finite geometries and a watermarking mechanism with special marking points for digital images. The only marking positions the pirates can not detect are those positions which contain the same letter in all the compared documents, called intersection of different fingerprints. The proposed technology for a maximal number d of pirates, puts enough information in the intersection of up to d fingerprints to uniquely identify all the pirates.
Protocol boosters (1998)

This paper describes a new methodology for protocol design, using incremental construction of the protocol from elements called "protocol boosters" on an as-needed basis. Protocol boosters allow: (1) dynamic protocol customization to heterogeneous environments and (2) rapid protocol evolution. Unlike alternative adaptation approaches, such as link layer, conversion, and termination protocols, protocol boosters are both robust (end-to-end protocol messages are not modified) and efficient (do not replicate the functionality of the end-to-end protocol). We give examples of error and congestion control boosters, and give initial results from booster implementations.
Poor Mobilization of CD34+ Stem Cells Predicts Inferior Relapse and Survival Outcomes After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma (2011)

Abstract Abstract 3000 Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard upfront therapy of younger patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Identifying a prognostic threshold amount of mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (SC) may become an important modifiable parameter in the era of novel stem cell mobilization strategies. While poor mobilization of CD34+ cells has been shown to cause delays in hematopoietic recovery, the data on long-term clinical outcomes of patients with inferior CD34+ SC collection (‘under mobilizers’) are limited. We analyzed prospectively collected data on 239 adult patients with MM who underwent ASCT at our institution from 01/1996 to 12/2009. Fifty-one patients (21.3%) who collected less than 4 × 106/kg CD34+ SC were classified as ‘under mobilizers’ and were compared to the rest of the study population (n=188) who collected ≥ 4 × 106/kg CD34+ SC. Even though under mobilizers were slightly older (median 59 vs. 54 years, p =0.01), had longer time from diagnosis to ASCT (11 vs. 8 months, p =0.05), and required more days of leukapheresis (5 vs. 3 days, p &lt;0.001), they did not differ from the other group according to the number of prior treatment regimens, mobilization method (only 2 patients received plerixafor), performance status, or disease remission status at transplant (all p &gt;0.2). Median time-to-recovery for both neutrophils (11 vs. 10 days, p &lt;0.001) and platelets (13 vs. 12 days, p &lt;0.001) was delayed among under mobilizers. Under mobilizers had worse relapse-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR]=1.49, 95% CI, 1.03–2.16, p =0.03) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) (HR=3.59, 95% CI, 1.51–8.56, p &lt;0.01) in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Even though the association between poor CD34+ SC collection and inferior overall survival did not reach statistical significance (HR=1.42, 95% CI, 0.94–2.16, p =0.1), under mobilizers were found to have significantly higher rates of 100-day post-transplant mortality (p =0.02). We conclude that in the context of ASCT for MM, failure to collect ≥ 4 × 106/kg CD34+ SC is independently associated with worse RFS and NRM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Evaluation of Routine Andrological Parameters in Human Semen/Auswertung der Routine-Parameter der Andrologie am Sperma (2009)

Summary: A study was carried out to evaluate the andrological parameters in 540 human semen specimens divided into groups according to sperm counts. The parameters were: motility percentage and grade, percentage of viability and of morphologically normal sperm and immature cells. The Duncan multiple range test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison of ranks were used in the statistical analyses. Of particular interest, among other our findings, were the significant differences obtained by comparing the group with sperm counts up to 5 × 106 per ml semen and that with counts ranging from 5.1 to 10 × 106 per ml semen. This was true for all parameters with the exception of semen volume. Comparison of the Oligozoospermie groups (up to 20 × 106ml) with those having higher sperm counts also showed significant differences. There was a trend towards improvement of the examined parameters with the increase in sperm density, but with a remarkable heterogeneity particularly within the Oligozoospermie groups. In all groups motility, viability and morphological normality of sperm showed a positive correlation with each other. »Normal values» of the parameters studied could be derived from scatterplot charts over the entire range of sperm counts and from the statistical evaluation of the grouped material. Zusammenfassung: Bei 540 Samenproben wurde eine Analyse der andrologischen Parameter vorgenommen: Motilität (Grad und Prozentsatz), Lebensfähigkeit (%), Anteil morphologisch normaler Spermatozoen und unreifer Zellen. Für die statistische Analyse wurden der Duncan-Test und der Kruskal-Wallis-Test herangezogen. Von besonderem Interesse waren im Rahmen der eigenen Ergebnisse die signifikanten Differenzen, die bei einem Vergleich oberhalb vom 5 × 106Sp./ml erhoben wurden und zwar mit Werten zwischen 5,1 und 10 × 106Sp./ml. Das traf für alle Parameter mit Ausnahme des Samenvolumens zu. Ein Vergleich der Ologozoospermiegruppen (oberhalb vom 20 × 106Sp./ml) mit denen einer höheren Spermatozoendichte zeigte ebenfalls signifikante Differenzen. Es ergab sich ein Trend in Richtung auf eine Verbesserung der untersuchten Parameter mit Anstieg der Spermatozoendichte, allerdings mit einer bemerkenswerten Heterogenität vor allem in den Oligozoospermiegruppen. In allen Gruppen zeigte die Motilität, die Lebensfähigkeit und der Anteil normalkonfigurierter Spermatozoen eine positive Korrelation zueinander. Es wird festgestellt, daß »Normwerte« der untersuchten Parameter hergeleitet werden könnten von Scatterplotskalen über die gesamte Reihe der Spermatozoenzahlen und von der statistischen Auswertung des in Gruppen aufgeteilten Materials.
Towards a Resilient Openflow Channel Through MPTCP (2018)

In the recent years, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has changed the way networks are engineered, making them more flexible, programmable and dynamic. SDN advocates for the centralization of control functionalities in a central node, the so-called controller. This entity has a wide view of the entire network, including the topology, facilitating the management and decreasing the complexity. However, the existence of a single entity running the complete control plane constitutes a single point of failure, thus triggering the need of improving the resiliency and reliability of the controller and the connection between the control and the data plane. This paper presents a solution for the improvement of the resiliency and the reliability on the OpenFlow channel through the use of multipath TCP (MPTCP). The proposed solution is based on the simultaneous use of in-band and out-of-band paths for the OpenFlow control channel, and includes a first experimental evaluation of the performance gains that can be achieved.
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase expression by anisosmotic shock in alpha-difluoromethylornithine-resistant L1210 cells. (1990)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is known to be strongly enhanced in mammalian cells by a sudden reduction in ambient osmolality. The effect of hypoosmotic shock on the regulation of ODC protein and mRNA levels was studied in a variant L1210 mouse leukemia cell line (D-R cells) which expresses ODC at greater than or equal to 100-fold higher levels than the parental cells. Hypoosmotic stress increased ODC activity in proportion with the osmotic gradient imposed to both D-R cells and their normal counterparts. A 60% decrease in medium osmolality increased ODC activity and the amount of immunoreactive ODC protein from 20- to 30-fold after 4 h without any detectable change in ODC mRNA contents in D-R cells. ODC induction was sustained up to 48 h after hypoosmotic shock, with maximal activity levels being observed at 24 h. Hypotonic shock dramatically increased (up to 36-fold) the rate of ODC synthesis as measured by 10-min pulses with 35S-labeled methionine, in agreement with kinetic constants predicted from the changes observed for the enzyme activity. Moreover, hypoosmotic stress extended the half-life of ODC activity from 35 +/- 10 to 212 +/- 67 min and blocked any degradation of the radiolabeled immunoreactive protein, which had a half-life of 28 +/- 6 min under isotonic conditions, for at least 120 min after addition of cycloheximide. The induction of ODC by hypoosmotic stress was quickly reversed by a sudden upshift of osmolality through a very rapid inhibition of ODC biosynthesis and an increase in the rate of enzyme degradation. Thus, hypoosmotic stress activates the expression of ODC exclusively through post-transcriptional mechanisms in D-R cells. The osmotically induced accumulation of ODC molecules is quite unique as shown by the fact that ODC is the major protein (approximately 25% of total) synthesized during the first 4 h following a 60% hypotonic shock, despite a 30-50% reduction of the rate of labeled precursor incorporation into soluble proteins.
Age Differences in Cognitive Effort in Recall (1983)

A secondary task methodology was used to investigate age differences in the amount of cognitive effort demanded by free recall. Aged and young adults performed a reaction time task while simultaneously retrieving a list of items in multitrial free-recall learning. RTs were slower in aged than young adults on each trial, suggesting that free recall is more demanding for older persons. In addition, the secondary task did not interfere with recall by older adults, suggesting that this technique is feasible in older persons. These results are consistent with the cognitive-effort hypotheses which postulate age differences in the demands of memory processing to be one factor underlying age-related deficits. An additional finding suggested that age differences in retrieval effort may also be related to differences in list organization.
Photon-induced Complete Dehydrogenation of Putative Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Coronene and Naphtho[2,3-[CLC]a[/CLC]]pyrene (1997)

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of coronene and naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene radical cations exposed to broadband ultraviolet/visible radiation are presented. Parent ions are formed and confined in a Penning trap at 3.0 T and photolyzed with an Xe arc lamp. Each of the two radical cations is found to dehydrogenate completely to leave the C+24 bare carbon cluster cation. The extent of dehydrogenation depends directly on irradiation power. We infer that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations are inherently unstable to photolysis. We discuss some implications of hydrogen loss to yield bare carbon cluster cations. The relevance of dehydrogenation to unidentified interstellar infrared emission bands is discussed briefly.
Aging of adhesive interfaces treated with benzalkonium chloride and benzalkonium methacrylate (2015)

Inhibition of endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) within incompletely infiltrated hybrid layers can contribute to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds. This study evaluated the bond stability of interfaces treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and benzalkonium methacrylate (MBAC), and the inhibitory properties of these compounds on dentin MMP activity. Single-component adhesive ALL-BOND UNIVERSAL, modified with BAC or MBAC at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%, was used for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) evaluation after 24 h, 6 months, and 1 yr. Beams produced from human dentin were treated with 37% phosphoric acid, dipped in 0.5% BAC, 1.0% BAC, or water (control) for 60 s, and then incubated in SensoLyte generic MMP substrate to determine MMP activity. A significant decrease in the μTBS after 6 months and 1 yr was observed for the control group only. No significant differences among groups were shown at 24 h. After 6 months and 1 yr, the control group demonstrated significantly lower μTBS than all treatment groups. When applied for 60 s, 0.5% BAC inhibited total MMP activity by 31%, and 1.0% BAC inhibited total MMP activity by 54%. Both BAC and MBAC contributed to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds, probably because of their inhibitory properties of endogenous dentin proteinases.
Web service discovery based on keyword clustering and ontology (2008)

One of the challenging problem that Web service technology is now facing is effective service discovery. To solve the deficiencies of Web service description, matching and choosing under WSDL language, this paper presents a web service discovery method based on keyword clustering and concept expansion, mainly from the content of Web service, reasoning of service request and service matching, through classification and subsumption of concept, this paper retrieve and extract Web service content. Meanwhile, use weighted bipartite graph to match user request and published Web service, so as to enhance Web service discovery ability.
FlashCoop: A Locality-Aware Cooperative Buffer Management for SSD-Based Storage Cluster (2010)

Random writes significantly limit the application of flash-based Solid State Drive (SSD) in enterprise environment due to its poor latency, negative impact on SSD lifetime and high garbage collection overhead. To release above limitations, we propose a locality-aware cooperative buffer scheme referred to as FlashCoop (Flash Cooperation), which leverages free memory of neighboring storage server to buffer writes over high speed network. Both temporal and sequential localities of access pattern are exploited in the design of cooperative buffer management. Leveraging the filtering effect of the cooperative buffer, FlashCoop can efficiently shape the I/O request stream and improve the sequentiality of the write accesses passed to the SSD. FlashCoop has been extensively evaluated under various enterprise workloads. Our benchmark results conclusively demonstrate that FlashCoop can achieve 52.3% performance improvement and 56.5% garbage collection overhead reduction compared to the system without FlashCoop.
0836 BORN IN THE USA OR BORN IN MEXICO? IMPLICATIONS FOR SLEEP DURATION, SLEEP QUALITY, SLEEP DISORDERS SYMPTOMS AT THE US-MEXICO BORDER (2017)

Previous studies have shown that at the population level, being born in Mexico is associated with fewer sleep disturbances. However, previous studies generally did not use standardized/validated instruments and were not able to account for acculturation. The present study examined these relationships in a small city at the US-Mexico border. Data were collected from N=100 adults (age 18–60, 53% female) of Mexican descent from the city of Nogales, AZ, on the US-Mexico border. Questionnaires were in English or Spanish. Participants were asked if they were born in the USA or Mexico. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; sleep quality score and sleep duration single-item), and Insomnia Severity Index (items for difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakenings, categorized as none, mild, moderate, and severe). Regression analyses (linear for continuous variables and multinomial for symptoms) adjusted for age, sex, and education level. Post-hoc analyses examined acculturation (measured with the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans, Mexican and Anglo Orientation Scales) as a mediator. 66% of the sample was born in Mexico. Being born in the USA was associated with 56 fewer minutes of nighttime sleep (p<0.05), 1.65 more points on the PSQI (p<0.05), greater likelihood of severe difficulty falling asleep (RR=8.30, p<0.05) and severe difficulty staying asleep (RR=11.18, p<0.05). When Mexican acculturation score was entered in these models, all relationships were maintained and were relatively unchanged (p<0.05). When Anglo acculturation was entered into models, all relationships became non-significant, including sleep duration (B=-41.4,p=0.12), PSQI (B=0.76,p=0.38), and severe difficulty falling (RR=5.12,p=0.13) and staying (RR=5.38,p=0.19) asleep. Among individuals of Mexican-descent, being born in the USA (vs Mexico) is associated with about 1 hour less sleep per night, worse sleep quality, more insomnia symptoms, and more mild sleep apnea symptoms. These relationships are not explained by Mexican acculturation but they are explained by Anglo acculturation. K23HL110216, 5K23HL125939, and a grant from the University of Arizona Health Sciences
Application of automation and information systems to forensic genetic specimen processing (2005)

During the last 10 years, the introduction of PCR-based DNA typing technologies in forensic applications has been highly successful. This technology has become pervasive throughout forensic laboratories and it continues to grow in prevalence. For many criminal cases, it provides the most probative evidence. Criminal genotype data banking and victim identification initiatives that follow mass-fatality incidents have benefited the most from the introduction of automation for sample processing and data analysis. Attributes of offender specimens including large numbers, high quality and identical collection and processing are ideal for the application of laboratory automation. The magnitude of kinship analysis required by mass-fatality incidents necessitates the application of computing solutions to automate the task. More recently, the development activities of many forensic laboratories are focused on leveraging experience from these two applications to casework sample processing. The trend toward increased prevalence of forensic genetic analysis will continue to drive additional innovations in high-throughput laboratory automation and information systems.
A. novel approach to reduce L2 miss latency in shared-memory multiprocessors (2002)

Recent technology improvements allow multiprocessor designers to put some key components inside the processor chip, such as the memory controller, the coherence hardware and the network interface/router. In this work we exploit such integration scale, presenting a novel node architecture aimed at reducing the long L2 miss latencies and the memory overhead of using directories that characterize cc-NUMA machines and limit their scalability. Our proposal replaces the traditional directory with a novel three-level directory architecture and adds a small shared data cache to each of the nodes of a multiprocessor system. Due to their small size, the first-level directory and the shared data cache are integrated into the processor chip in every node. A taxonomy of the L2 misses, according to the actions performed by the directory to satisfy them is also presented. Using execution-driven simulations, we show significant L2 miss latency reductions (more than 60% in some cases). These important improvements translate into reductions of more than 30% in the application execution time in some cases.
[Effect of "micronized" C60 fullerene on the microbial growth in vitro]. (2000)

The effect of C60 "micronized fullerene was tested by a manual and automatised (Analyzer Bioscreen C(R)) micromethod on the microbial growth of 22 collection strains: E. coli (5), P. aeruginosa (2), S. Typhimurium (6), S. aureus (2), L. monocytogenes (2), E. hirae (1), B. cereus (1), B. subtilis (1), B. pumilus (1) et C. albicans (1). No effect on microbial growth was observed with C60 "micronized fullerene (43.2 microg/ml) on all strains studied: no difference was found with doubling time, slope and growth rate constant. The results of cytotoxicity obtained with animal models or in vitro cultures as human monocyte, leukocyte or macrophage confirm the absence of effect of C60 fullerene at a concentration compatible with microbial or biological models. This study is included in research program headed "Therapeutics perspectives of fullerenes.
Autotaxin Production of Lysophosphatidic Acid Mediates Allergic Asthmatic Inflammation (2013)

The ATX-LPA pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. These preclinical data indicate that targeting the ATX-LPA pathway could be an effective antiasthma treatment strategy.