gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture Media for Large-scale Production of Micrococcin (1952)

Summary: A number of media have been developed for the production of micrococcin. A satisfactory medium consists of corn steep liquor to 1800 mg. N/1. with an aqueous extract of dried autolysed yeast to 1800 mg. N/1., which gives titres of the order of 40–60μg. micrococcin/ml. in 3 days. A soluble yeast extract such as Marmite may be used in place of the dried autolysed yeast. Moderate aeration is required for good titres but initial pH is relatively unimportant, any value in the range 6·0–7·0 being suitable. The main energy source in sugar-free media is probably the aerobic oxidative deamination of amino-acids. An inoculum that has been pre-incubated gives better results than an inoculum used immediately after it has been prepared. The addition of various inorganic ions to the medium was tried without any detectable influence on titre.
Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives (2020)

The properties of cured wood adhesives are difficult to study because of the loss of water and other components to the wood, the influence of wood on the adhesive cure, and the effect of adhesive penetration on the wood interphase; thus, normal testing of a neat adhesive film is generally not useful. Most tests of wood adhesive bond strength are slow, laborious, can be strongly influenced by the wood and do not provide information on the kinetics of cure. Test method ASTM D 7998-19, however, can be used for fast evaluation of the strength of wood bonds. The use of a smooth, uniform, and strong wood surface, like maple face-veneer, and sufficient bonding pressure reduces the adhesion and wood strength effects on bond strength. This method has three main applications. The first is to provide consistent data on bond strength development. The second is to measure the dry and wet strengths of bonded lap shear samples. The third is to better understand the adhesive heat resistance by quickly evaluating thermal sensitivity and distinguishing between thermal softening and thermal degradation.
Antiplatelet Agents Affecting GPCR Signaling Implicated in Tumor Metastasis (2022)

Metastasis requires that cancer cells survive in the circulation, colonize distant organs, and grow. Despite platelets being central contributors to hemostasis, leukocyte trafficking during inflammation, and vessel stability maintenance, there is significant evidence to support their essential role in supporting metastasis through different mechanisms. In addition to their direct interaction with cancer cells, thus forming heteroaggregates such as leukocytes, platelets release molecules that are necessary to promote a disseminating phenotype in cancer cells via the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition. Therefore, agents that affect platelet activation can potentially restrain these prometastatic mechanisms. Although the primary adhesion of platelets to cancer cells is mainly independent of G protein-mediated signaling, soluble mediators released from platelets, such as ADP, thromboxane (TX) A<sub>2</sub>, and prostaglandin (PG) E<sub>2</sub>, act through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cause the activation of more additional platelets and drive metastatic signaling pathways in cancer cells. In this review, we examine the contribution of the GPCRs of platelets and cancer cells in the development of cancer metastasis. Finally, the possible use of agents affecting GPCR signaling pathways as antimetastatic agents is discussed.
Enhanced power solitons in optical fibres with strong dispersion management (1996)

The study of propagation in optical fibres with non-uniform dispersion has recently become a key topic in long haul optical communications. By using combinations of fibres with opposite sign dispersions, it is possible to construct a system which has high local dispersion at any given point, but a low path-average dispersion. This procedure strongly modifies the nonlinear transmission properties of the system compared with one constructed from uniformly low dispersion fibre, because the efficiency with which nonlinear four wave mixing processes are phase matched is substantially reduced[1, 2].
Conflict of Interest Form 1 from miR-200 Expression Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Reverses Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy (2023)

Conflict of Interest Form 1 from miR-200 Expression Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Reverses Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy
Ultra-high-resolution optical absorption spectroscopy of DC plasmas at low pressure using a supercontinuum laser combined with a laser line tunable filter and a HyperFine spectrometer (2020)

Abstract Optical absorption spectroscopy of non-equilibrium plasmas using a supercontinuum laser combined with a laser line tunable filter and a HyperFine spectrometer is examined. Owing to the &lt;2 pm spectral resolution of the HyperFine system, details on the absorption line intensity, position and width can be obtained with very high precision using a broadband light emission source. As an example, absorption spectroscopy measurements were recorded in a reduced-pressure, nominally pure argon DC plasma column and allowed for the determination of the neutral gas temperature and the Ar 1s 2 and Ar 1s 4 (Paschen notation) number densities. At a pressure of 1 Torr, a discharge current of 20 mA, and an absorption length of 18 cm, the analysis of the Ar 2p 3 -1s 2 and Ar 2p 8 -1s 4 absorption lines at respectively 840.8 nm and 842.5 nm resulted in number densities of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:math> 5.5 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:math> 10 15 m −3 and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:math> 1.1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:math> 10 16 m −3 and a neutral gas temperature of T g = 340 K. These values are typical of DC discharges operated under similar experimental conditions. While the fractional absorption of both lines decreased with decreasing optical absorption path, the number densities remained the same, as expected. Finally, the number densities increased with increasing discharge current, a result also coherent with the literature.
Open Mobile Platforms: Modeling the Long-Tail of Application Usage (2009)

In management research, the long tail phenomenon is typically linked to the long-tail of product demand distribution, particularly under electronic distribution, storing and consumption of content. This paper discusses the role of open mobile software platforms in creating the market for niche mobile applications. In particular, the transformation of the mobile industry from mobile communications towards computer and Internet industries is discussed, with a particular focus on the open software platforms of mobile phones that facilitate innovation. This study makes a hypothesis that open software platforms are boosting the use of niche applications. The paper consequently collects empirical data on Smartphone usage over three consequent years in Finland. The dataset of 1 145 smartphone users is analyzed in studying whether the long-tail phenomenon is evident in the demand for mobile applications. The analysis of usage-level data reveals that the application demand is more heterogenic in the newest panel study than in the earlier studies. In other words, though the top 5% of applications typically represent more than 90% of total application usage, the bottom 80% of applications (the long-tail part) already represent 2.10% of total observed application usage in 2007, whereas this tail is only 1.39% in 2006 and 0.89% in 2005. In the newest dataset of 2007, 6.9% of top applications represent 93.1% of total smartphone usage. The analysis reveals a U-relationship between the number of users and mean usage frequency of applications. This means that many of the niche applications are being used actively by those who installed them, suggesting that the value of add-on applications is high.
Modes of heme binding and substrate access for cytochrome P450 CYP74A revealed by crystal structures of allene oxide synthase (2008)

Cytochrome P450s exist ubiquitously in all organisms and are involved in many biological processes. Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a P450 enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of oxylipin jasmonates, which are involved in signal and defense reactions in higher plants. The crystal structures of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) AOS (CYP74A2) and its complex with the substrate analog 13(S)-hydroxyoctadeca-9Z,11E-dienoic acid have been determined. The structures exhibit a classic P450 fold but possess a heme-binding mode with an unusually long heme binding loop and a unique I-helix. The structures also reveal two channels through which substrate and product may access and leave the active site. The entrances are defined by a loop between beta3-2 and beta3-3. Asn-276 in the substrate binding site may interact with the substrate's hydroperoxy group and play an important role in catalysis, and Lys-282 at the entrance may control substrate access and binding. These studies provide both structural insights into AOS and related P450s and a structural basis to understand the distinct reaction mechanism.
Electronically Controlled Surface Plasmon Dispersion and Optical Transmission through Metallic Hole Arrays Using Liquid Crystal (2007)

The enhanced optical properties of metal films periodically perforated with an array of sub-wavelength size holes have recently been widely studied in the field of surface plasmon optics. The ability to design the optical transmission of such nanostructures, which act as plasmonic crystals, by varying their geometrical parameters gives them great flexibility for numerous applications in photonics, opto-electronics, and sensing. Transforming these passive optical elements into devices that may be actively controlled has presented a new challenge. Here, we report on the realization of an electrically controlled nanostructured optical system based on the unique properties of surface plasmon polaritonic crystals in contact with a liquid crystal (LC) layer. We discuss the effect of LC layer modulation on the surface plasmon dispersion, the related optical transmission and the underlying mechanism. The reported effect may be used to achieve active spectral tuneability and switching in a wide range of applications.
Entropic crystal–crystal transitions of Brownian squares (2011)

When a monolayer of hard microscale square platelets, produced lithographically, is osmotically concentrated in a flat plane to raise the particle area fraction Φ(A), an order-order transition occurs between a hexagonal rotator crystal and a rhombic crystal. Strikingly, phases having fourfold symmetry are not observed at any Φ(A). The rhombic lattice angle α increases continuously with Φ(A), as the system maximizes its total rotational and translational entropy. A cage model, based on packing rotationally swept squares, or "squaroids," reasonably predicts the measured α(Φ(A)), indicating that rotational entropy and the square particle shape combine to produce the rhombic unit cell.
Crop Pollination Exposes Honey Bees to Pesticides Which Alters Their Susceptibility to the Gut Pathogen Nosema ceranae (2013)

Recent declines in honey bee populations and increasing demand for insect-pollinated crops raise concerns about pollinator shortages. Pesticide exposure and pathogens may interact to have strong negative effects on managed honey bee colonies. Such findings are of great concern given the large numbers and high levels of pesticides found in honey bee colonies. Thus it is crucial to determine how field-relevant combinations and loads of pesticides affect bee health. We collected pollen from bee hives in seven major crops to determine 1) what types of pesticides bees are exposed to when rented for pollination of various crops and 2) how field-relevant pesticide blends affect bees' susceptibility to the gut parasite Nosema ceranae. Our samples represent pollen collected by foragers for use by the colony, and do not necessarily indicate foragers' roles as pollinators. In blueberry, cranberry, cucumber, pumpkin and watermelon bees collected pollen almost exclusively from weeds and wildflowers during our sampling. Thus more attention must be paid to how honey bees are exposed to pesticides outside of the field in which they are placed. We detected 35 different pesticides in the sampled pollen, and found high fungicide loads. The insecticides esfenvalerate and phosmet were at a concentration higher than their median lethal dose in at least one pollen sample. While fungicides are typically seen as fairly safe for honey bees, we found an increased probability of Nosema infection in bees that consumed pollen with a higher fungicide load. Our results highlight a need for research on sub-lethal effects of fungicides and other chemicals that bees placed in an agricultural setting are exposed to.
Adaptive smoothing: a general tool for early vision (1991)

A method to smooth a signal while preserving discontinuities is presented. This is achieved by repeatedly convolving the signal with a very small averaging mask weighted by a measure of the signal continuity at each point. Edge detection can be performed after a few iterations, and features extracted from the smoothed signal are correctly localized (hence, no tracking is needed). This last property allows the derivation of a scale-space representation of a signal using the adaptive smoothing parameter k as the scale dimension. The relation of this process to anisotropic diffusion is shown. A scheme to preserve higher-order discontinuities and results on range images is proposed. Different implementations of adaptive smoothing are presented, first on a serial machine, for which a multigrid algorithm is proposed to speed up the smoothing effect, then on a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel machine such as the Connection Machine. Various applications of adaptive smoothing such as edge detection, range image feature extraction, corner detection, and stereo matching are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1A1-G08 Development of Forklift Type Robot to support Distribution System which Safety Technology is introduced into : Technology Development by NEDO Project for Practical Application of Service Robots(NEDO Project for Practical Applications of Service Robots) (2013)

This paper describes the development of a forklift type robot to support distribution system, which safety technology is introduced into. The developed robot has high ability to convey products, and the high safety functions for people. This control system is comprised of the following components. First is a controller which controls the robot. Second is a safety support component which detects the obstacle of the robot's going direction and which goes slowly or stops a robot. Third is a safety component which cuts off the power supply when detected an obstacle in near distance. We introduce the evaluation examination about the safety of the robot.
The expression of COX-2, hTERT, MDM2, LATS2 and S100A2 in different types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2009)

Several studies have reported different expression levels of certain genes in NSCLC, mostly related to the stage and advancement of the tumours. We investigated 65 stage I-III NSCLC tumours: 32 adenocarcinomas (ADC), 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 7 large cell carcinomas (LCC). Using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we analysed the expression of the COX-2, hTERT, MDM2, LATS2 and S100A2 genes and researched the relationships between the NSCLC types and the differences in expression levels. The differences in the expression levels of the LATS2, S100A2 and hTERT genes in different types of NSCLC are significant. hTERT and COX-2 were over-expressed and LATS2 under-expressed in all NSCLC. We also detected significant relative differences in the expression of LATS2 and MDM2, hTERT and MDM2 in different types of NSCLC. There was a significant difference in the average expression levels in S100A2 for ADC and SCC. Our study shows differences in the expression patterns within the NSCLC group, which may mimic the expression of the individual NSCLC type, and also new relationships in the expression levels for different NSCLC types.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of Traumatic Lower Extremity Defects in the Pediatric Population (2016)

Therapeutic, IV.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic α‐Hydroxy Carbon Radical Generation and Addition. Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactones from Alcohols, α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Dioxygen. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards high-speed electro-optical performance in a hybrid BaTiO3/Si Mach-Zehnder modulator (2016)

A Mach-Zehnder modulator based on a hybrid BaTiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /silicon optical waveguide has been designed to achieve a high modulation bandwidth with a simulated V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</inf> L below 1V·cm and RF impedance matching. The device has been fabricated and characterized in the DC regime.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Emerging Trends and Computing Paradigms for Testing, Reliability and Security in Future VLSI Systems (2021)

The papers in this special section focus on emerging trends and computing paradigms for testing, reliability and security in future VLSI systems. With the rapid advancement of computing technologies in all domains (i.e., handheld devices, autonomous vehicles, medical devices, and massive supercomputers), testability, reliability, and security of electronic systems are crucial challenges for the safety of human life. Emerging technologies coupled with new computing paradigms (e.g., approximate computing, neuromorphic computing, in-memory computing) are together exacerbating these problems posing significant challenges to researchers and designers. To address this increased complexity in the hardware testing, reliability, and security domains, engineers must employ design and analysis methods working at all levels of abstraction, starting from the system level down to the gate and transistor level.
Coenzyme Q Concentration in Proliferative Lesions of Liver. (1961)

ConclusionQuantitative studies of normal and regenerating liver have shown that high concentrations of coenzyme Q are maintained during the proliferative process and indicate that a lack of coenzyme is not responsible for the low succinate-INT reductase activity observed during regeneration. In contrast, a low coenzyme Q concentration in the Morris hepatoma and the Novikoff hepatoma appears to play an important role in the low reductase activities observed in these 2 neoplasms.
Loss of Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase activity increases ER stress and PKCζ mediated inhibition of Akt in response to saturated fatty acids in breast cancer cells. (2009)

Increased de novo lipogenesis is a hallmark of invasive tumors and is negatively correlated with survival. However, the end product is the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitate that is lipotoxic unless desaturated. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) converts SFA into monounsaturated fatty acids and is the rate limiting step in the storage of triglycerides and the generation of phospholipids. We demonstrate that SCD increases proliferation in HeLa cells in the presence of Cerulenin or exogenous SFA and that stearate decreased cell viability in a dose dependent fashion. While the product of SCD (oleate) can activate Akt, substrate (stearate or palmitate) treatment of cells exhibited a dose dependent increase in PARP cleavage and PKC? expression. We further probed the role of SCD‐1 in WT and SCD‐1 knockout MEFs and established that SFA prevents Akt translocation to lipid rafts. In the presence of a small molecule SCD‐1 inhibitor, palmitate treatment induced ER stress as evidenced by Xbp‐1 splicing. Density gradient analysis and IP experiments of palmitate treated cells showed a decrease in both PKC? and Akt lipid raft localization and an increase in TLR4/IKKβ complex formation. Finally, in transgenic MMTV‐PyMT mice, SCD‐1 deficiency reduced invasiveness of mammary gland tumors. Therefore, we conclude that SCD regulates MUFA mediated proliferation, prevents ER stress, and reduces tumor invasion.
Use of mid‐ and near‐infrared techniques as tools for characterizing blends of copolymers of styrene–butadiene and acrylonitrile–butadiene (2003)

Abstract There is increased technological interest in using blends of various dissimilar elastomers in applications for which service, material availability, or cost of a single elastomer do not provide the necessary processing, vulcanizate, or economic properties. The properties of these polyblends are sensitive to small variations in the amounts of the individual polymers used. Accurately estimating the elastomer composition of blends is of vital importance to the elastomer industry. This study illustrates the feasibility of using mid‐infrared (MIR) and near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to estimate the amount of styrene–butadiene and acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymers in blends composed of varying ratios of the two elastomers. Sometimes it is difficult to obtain a film of an elastomer amenable to IR analysis; to address this problem, several techniques were developed in this study [MIR transmission of a film, attenuated total internal reflection (ATR)‐FTIR of a chunk, and NIR using a fiber‐optic probe]. A plot of the absorbance ratio (absorbance of the characteristic peak for styrene–butadiene rubber or acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/absorbance of the CC stretching vibration of polybutadiene) versus the amount of each elastomer in the blend was used to predict the blend composition. In addition, the blends were also characterized by ATR‐FTIR using a plot of the characteristic peak absorbance versus the polymeric content for a series of standards. A partial least‐squares algorithm was used to develop a calibration curve for the NIR region. Finally, the accuracy of the test methods developed in this work is compared to results obtained by pyrolysis‐GC/MS and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88:1653–1658, 2003
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Analysis at X‐Band Using Amplified 1 H Water Signal (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Motivation and Background Unique Application of 1H DNP at X-Band Instrumentation for 1H DNP at X-Band Conclusions Acknowledgments