gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Designing Communication Systems for Unmanned Aerial Systems Integration into Non-segregated Airspace (2014)

This article resumes the main technical challenges as identified when specifying and designing the Communication System of a Unmanned Aerial Platform intended to be flying into non segregated (civil) airspace.
Precise dq model development of linear flux switching motors with segmented secondary for rail transportation applications (2017)

A dq model representation of segmented secondary linear flux switching motors (SSLFSMs) is investigated. In these motors, the armature and field windings are both mounted in the primary slots and the secondary is only composed of simple laminated segments. This type of motors inherits both merits of high force density from linear synchronous motors and simple secondary structure from linear induction motors. Due to its simple and consequently low‐cost secondary structure, it is applicable to transportation systems like Maglev. Position and speed control of this motor is essential for rail transportation applications. Therefore, derivation of an appropriate analytical model for control purposes is needed. An analytical method to represent the dq model of SSLFSMs is presented. Employing this method, the d‐ and q‐ axis inductances and the developed electromagnetic thrust and normal force are calculated. To verify the proposed model, three different finite‐element method‐based models are studied and one is chosen as the basis for comparison. All results obtained by the analytical model are verified by this finite‐element method‐based model. Moreover, a prototype of SSLFSMs is built to validate the study.
A ‘Third Way’ for lay involvement: what evidence so far? (2001)

The paper concludes that, during the first 6 months of their operation, the lay voice was faintly heard in PCGs. The lay member's role in decision-making at board-level was peripheral. The majority rated their involvement in key aspects of decision-making as low and their influence on decision-making below that of other board members including the Chief Officer, the chair and the GP board members. Beyond the arena of the board, what little contact there was with the lay voice has taken the shape of informing rather than consulting. Mitigating factors include the early stage at which the survey was completed and the lack of precedents for lay involvement in primary care in a broad sense on which PCGs can draw.
Poisson–Boltzmann integral equation for polyelectrolyte solutions (1991)

An interaction-site model (ISM) theory, well developed for molecular liquids, is proposed for solutions of flexible polyelectrolytes. A Debye–Hückel limit is considered in details and new screening properties are deduced. Potentials of mean force are reexamined for these complex fluids resulting in a generalization of the well-known Poisson–Boltzmann approximation. A system of nonlinear integral equations is obtained, correctly including counterions condensation, which should therefore fit quantitatively the neutron scattering curves. Physical arguments are given.
A Wide-Scanning Metasurface Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Devices (2022)

In this paper we present a high-performance compact phased array antenna which is easy to integrate into mobile devices for 5G-and-beyond wireless telecommunications. The proposed design features high efficiency and wide-scan capabilities. The linear array consists of eight elements realized using substrate integrated waveguide technology in combination with two rows of metasurfaces that are used to optimize the transition towards free space for enhanced impedance matching characteristics. The integrated metasurface structure also enables a larger half-power beamwidth and wide-angle scanning at array level. A prototype has been realized using a dielectric substrate of Rogers RO4003C with relative permittivity of 3.55. The array is designed with an inter-element spacing of half-wavelength at 29.5 GHz and is characterized using dedicated millimeter-wave anechoic and reverberation chambers. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna array can scan from ϕ = -55° to ϕ = 55° with a gain fluctuation less than 3 dB in the frequency band of operation from 27 GHz to 29.5 GHz, and a measured total efficiency above 70 % with an uncertainty of 10% (95% confidence interval). Furthermore, when compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed antenna provides a much wider scanning range while occupying a significantly smaller and compact volume.
QTL analysis of root morphology, flowering time, and yield reveals trade-offs in response to drought in Brassica napus (2014)

Drought escape and dehydration avoidance represent alternative strategies for drought adaptation in annual crops. The mechanisms underlying these two strategies are reported to have a negative correlation, suggesting a trade-off. We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of flowering time and root mass, traits representing each strategy, in Brassica napus to understand if a trade-off exists and what the genetic basis might be. Our field experiment used a genotyped population of doubled haploid lines and included both irrigated and rainfed treatments, allowing analysis of plasticity in each trait. We found strong genetic correlations among all traits, suggesting a trade-off among traits may exist. Summing across traits and treatments we found 20 QTLs, but many of these co-localized to two major QTLs, providing evidence that the trade-off is genetically constrained. To understand the mechanistic relationship between root mass, flowering time, and QTLs, we analysed the data by conditioning upon correlated traits. Our results suggest a causal model where such QTLs affect root mass directly as well as through their impacts on flowering time. Additionally, we used draft Brassica genomes to identify orthologues of well characterized Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time genes as candidate genes. This research provides valuable clues to breeding for drought adaptation as it is the first to analyse the inheritance of the root system in B. napus in relation to drought.
Development of pressure−suction element model for film water in freezing soil and experimental verification (2021)

To unify the source power of water migration, a pressure-suction element model of film water is constructed on the basis of the film water hydraulic driving force model and the surface adsorption force model. Model analysis shows that under the dual action of net suction and actual liquid pressure (or theoretical suction and actual ice pressure), the surface adsorption force can be generated, which drives the tangential migration of water along the surface of the substrate. In view of the fact that the surface adsorption force has nothing to do with the boundary conditions, it is suitable for any form of unfrozen water, and it is the unified source power of water migration. Based on this, the pressure?suction element model is introduced into the frozen fringe theory, and it is found that the actual ice pressure determines the temperature and position of the segregated ice formation, the theoretical suction determines the direction of water migration, and the surface adsorption force determines the velocity of water migration. Finally, substituting the main parameters from the Konrad (1980) test into the surface adsorption force equation, it is found that even if the temperature gradient increases from 0.1 ℃ /cm to 0.67 ℃ /cm, the sample height increases from 6.4 cm to 28 cm, as long as the segregation freezing temperature and the overburden pressure keep unchanged, the surface adsorption force is always constant at ?23 kPa, which verifies the correctness of the surface adsorption force equation. In short, the development of this model has important theoretical value and practical significance for improving the existing frost heave theory and guiding engineering practice.
Nuclide removal from the primary coolant of a nuclear power plant by continuous electrodeionization (2010)

The efficiency of nuclide removal from the primary coolant of a nuclear power plant by continuous electrodeionization was investigated using membrane stack experiments for different water concentrations and electric currents.The results demonstrate that the current should be greater than 0.1 A when treating the primary coolant with continuous electrodeionization(CEDI) to reach 99% efficiency.Proper pretreatment or a two-stage CEDI treatment was necessary for high nuclides concentrations of the nuclides.CEDI is efficient,works continuously and does not need acid-bases regeneration.
Anomalous, hysteretic, transverse magnetoresistance in superconducting thin films with magnetic vortex arrays (2009)

We have studied a superconducting/ferromagnetic hybrid system in which the normal to superconducting phase transition is controlled by the magnetic history. An anomalous transverse resistance appears at the phase transition, which shows magnetic hysteresis and a strong current dependence. We show that the anomaly originates from current redistributions due to the inhomogeneous superconductivity of this system.
A Polarization-independent Fast Light Switch (2007)

Fast optical phase shifters and switches based on electro-optical materials are in widespread use. However, fast bulk or integrated optics devices typically work only for one polarization. We present a low-loss polarization independent device with a switching time of 1.6 ns at 100 kHz repetition rate based on a Sagnac topology.
Phased logic: supporting the synchronous design paradigm with delay-insensitive circuitry (1996)

Phased logic is proposed as a solution to the increasing problem of timing complexity in digital design. It is a delay-insensitive design methodology that seeks to restore the separation between logical and physical design by eliminating the need to distribute low-skew clock signals and carefully balance propagation delays. However, unlike other methodologies that avoid clocks, phased logic supports the cyclic, deterministic behavior of the synchronous design paradigm. This permits the designer to rely chiefly on current experience and CAD tools to create phased logic systems. Marked graph theory is used as a framework for governing the interaction of phased logic gates that operate directly on Level-Encoded two-phase Dual-Rail (LEDR) signals. A synthesis algorithm is developed for converting clocked systems to phased logic systems and is applied to benchmark examples. Performance results indicate that phased logic tends to be tolerant of logic delay imbalances and has predictable worst-case timing behavior. Although phased logic requires additional circuitry, it has the potential to shorten the design cycle by reducing timing complexities.
Table of degrees conferred at Cambridge, from 1570 to 1658, with a modern table of the degrees from 1830 to 1840 (2009)

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Computer Use in the Trucking Industry (1990)

Haulage contractors are always looking for ways of improving efficiency and reducing costs. These usually rely on better management practices. Computers are now an almost essential management tool and it would be reasonable to suggest that truck operators should be heavy users of computer software. There seems to be a considerable amount of software available to them, but it has been suggested that this is not widely used. To see if this is true a survey of the trucking industry was done in Alberta, Canada. This survey showed an unexpectedly low use of computers, with a preference for general business software rather than specialised packages designed for truckers. Operators often suggested their use of computers was limited by a shortage of adequate software. Overcoming this shortage could offer considerable benefits to both the trucking industry and software suppliers.
Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Cryptographic Key Derivation From Continuous Sources (2019)

The procedure for extracting a cryptographic key from noisy sources, such as biometrics and physically uncloneable functions (PUFs), is known as fuzzy extractor (FE). Although FE constructions deal with discrete sources, most noisy sources are continuous. In the continuous case, it is required to transform the source to a discrete one. We introduce a 1) model-based uncoupling construction that directly deals with the continuous noisy source and produces helper data uncoupling the discrete representation from the noisy source, guaranteeing the diversity of the discrete representation, and making it more robust and a 2) strengthened uncoupled fuzzy extractor, suitable for privacy-preserving applications, which integrates an additional fixed authentication factor and obtains a key uncoupled to the noisy sources and unlinkable helper data. We present optimal model-based uncoupling constructions for Gaussian sources. Specifically, we show how to: 1) extract one or multiple bits from a single Gaussian source; 2) extract one bit from several unreliable Gaussian sources; and 3) provide a general procedure to obtain an optimal uncoupled FE from Gaussian source(s). Our experiments show that the proposed constructions achieve much higher security levels for wide operational scenarios, approximately doubling the obtained effective key length without affecting false rejection rates.
Spectroscopic properties of highly doped Nd:YAG ceramics (2001)

Summary form only given. Spectroscopic investigation of highly doped Nd:YAG ceramics confirms the high structural quality of the samples and indicates that these materials could be a good alternative both for microchip and high-power lasers. Although the increased Nd concentration reduces the effective lifetime of emission, this reduction is lower than the increase of efficiency due to the increased number of emitting centers. The inhomogeneous broadening caused by the perturbations inside the statistical ensembles of Nd ions in near lattice sites favors the laser diode pump and identification of new pump schemes.
A Sensorless Control Strategy of Injecting HF Voltage Into d-Axis for IPMSM in Full Speed Range (2022)

This article presents a sensorless control strategy by injecting high-frequency (HF) voltage into the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in the full speed range. The defined quadratic virtual back electromotive force model can be adopted in the full speed range, and thus, there is no need to design a transition algorithm from the zero–low speed to the medium–high speed. Besides, the accurate model of IPMSM is applied to eliminate the error caused by ignoring the stator resistance. Furthermore, the estimation error caused by the filter and system delay during demodulating the HF current in the conventional HF voltage injection method is avoided. Compared with the method of injecting HF voltage into the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis, the proposed method has smaller torque ripple and smaller injected voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.
Lidocaine has different effects and potencies on muscle and brain sodium channels (1995)

Lidocaine effects were studied at the single channel level on batrachotoxin-activated eel electroplax (muscle-derived) and on rat brain sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers to investigate whether these effects were the same on structurally different sodium channels. Lidocaine blocked the open state of brain channels with the same voltage dependence, but with 15-times as high a potency as muscle-derived channels. In brain channels, but not muscle-derived ones, the level of the open channel block showed periods of relief. Lidocaine at microM concentrations stabilized the highest conductance state in both channel types and at mM concentrations stabilized subconductance-like states in electroplax, but not in brain channels. In both channel types, lidocaine increased the lifetime and rate of entry to a long-nonconducting state. Since both channel types were studied under identical lipid and ionic conditions, the observed functional differences in the lidocaine action (effects, potency) must reflect channel structural differences.
Oral Delivery of a Synthetic Sterol Reduces Axonopathy and Inflammation in a Rodent Model of Glaucoma (2017)

Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies associated with aging and sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). The disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early progression in glaucoma involves dysfunction of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which comprise the optic nerve. Deficits in anterograde transport along RGC axons to central visual structures precede outright degeneration, and preventing these deficits is efficacious at abating subsequent progression. HE3286 is a synthetic sterol derivative that has shown therapeutic promise in models of inflammatory disease and neurodegenerative disease. We examined the efficacy of HE3286 oral delivery in preventing loss of anterograde transport in an inducible model of glaucoma (microbead occlusion). Adult rats received HE3286 (20 or 100 mg/kg) or vehicle daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Microbead occlusion elevated IOP ~30% in all treatment groups, and elevation was not affected by HE3286 treatment. In the vehicle group, elevated IOP reduced anterograde axonal transport to the superior colliculus, the most distal site in the optic projection, by 43% (<i>p</i> = 0.003); HE3286 (100 mg/kg) prevented this reduction (<i>p</i> = 0.025). HE3286 increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the optic nerve head and retina, while decreasing inflammatory and pathogenic proteins associated with elevated IOP compared to vehicle treatment. Treatment with HE3286 also increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor NFκB in collicular and retinal neurons, but decreased NFκB in glial nuclei in the optic nerve head. Thus, HE3286 may have a neuroprotective influence in glaucoma, as well as other chronic neurodegenerations.
SN Ratio Estimation and Speech Segment Detection of Extracted Signals Through Independent Component Analysis (2010)

In real world environments where acoustic signals are contaminated with various noises, it is difficult to estimate the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) only from signals observed at microphones; the knowledge of acoustic transfer functions and original source signals is inevitable for SNR estimation. The present paper proposes a method to estimate SNR approximately in the real world environments without the knowledge of transfer functions and source signals: SNR is estimated after application of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to the signals observed at microphones. Our proposed method also works as a speech segment detector since detection of speech segments are necessarily carried out in the course of SNR estimation. From several experimental results, the proposed method has been confirmed to be valid.
<title>Signal Processing Of Ultra Wideband Data Streams: Use Of Parallelism, New Device Technologies, And High System Clock Speeds</title> (1983)

Architectural solutions to large signal and data processing problems can now in many cases be implemented in VLSI-complexity silicon integrated circuits in a majority of cases, provided that the economic constraints of design costs, unit costs, and schedule can be resolved. However, for a small subclass of signal processing tasks involving very high input data bandwidths and/or large volume computation, VLSI implementations of parallel architectures are a useful but incomplete solution, or in some cases even an ina dequate one; alternate device technologies, e.g., high speed Gallium Arsenide digital com-ponents, must be considered for very high clock rate processors. This paper explores the tradeoffs between architectures and device technologies and the roles which they can play in very high bandwidth classical signal processing tasks.
Major Threat to Malaria Control Programs by Plasmodium falciparum Lacking Histidine-Rich Protein 2, Eritrea (2018)

False-negative results for Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein (HRP) 2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are increasing in Eritrea. We investigated HRP gene 2/3 (pfhrp2/pfhrp3) status in 50 infected patients at 2 hospitals. We showed that 80.8% (21/26) of patients at Ghindae Hospital and 41.7% (10/24) at Massawa Hospital were infected with pfhrp2-negative parasites and 92.3% (24/26) of patients at Ghindae Hospital and 70.8% (17/24) at Massawa Hospital were infected with pfhrp3-negative parasites. Parasite densities between pfhrp2-positive and pfhrp2-negative patients were comparable. All pfhrp2-negative samples had no detectable HRP2/3 antigen and showed negative results for HRP2-based RDTs. pfhrp2-negative parasites were genetically less diverse and formed 2 clusters with no close relationships to parasites from Peru. These parasites probably emerged independently by selection in Eritrea. High prevalence of pfhrp2-negative parasites caused a high rate of false-negative results for RDTs. Determining prevalence of pfhrp2-negative parasites is urgently needed in neighboring countries to assist case management policies.
Phosphoinositides and Calcium as Regulators of Cellular Actin Assembly and Disassembly (1994)

Cell locomotion and changes in cell structure initiated by binding of extracellular ligands to transmembrane receptors are generally accompanied by a transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+], and by synthesis and hydrolysis of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol lipids, or polyphosphoinositides (PPls). These two potential signals to cyto­ skeleton are not necessarily immediate consequence of receptor stimu­ lation, but are themselves modulated by upstream signals that include GTPases, protein kinases, ion channels, and probably other agents (reviewed in 118). Cell motility and changes in morphology also require spatially and temporally coordinated changes in mechanical properties of cell cortex, and these changes are brought about by transitions between gel (solid) and sol (liquid) states of cytoskeleton (32, 119, 120). A link between Ca2+ and phospholipids, on one hand, and changes in cell rigidity, on other, was apparent enough to suggest nearly 40 years ago (52) that the rigidity of cortex depends on fact that it contains
Hybrid Verification of a Deepwater FPSO Using Truncated Model Tests and Numerical Simulations (2021)

Abstract This paper presents verification of a deep water FPSO with a semi-taut mooring system using model tests and numerical modelling commonly referred to as the hybrid method. The vessel under investigation is a FPSO of 310m in length and 47m in beam with an internal turret mooring system of 12 lines in 2000m water depth. Two configurations of the mooring systems i.e. inline and bisecting are investigated for sea-states up to 1000yr return period. A full depth mooring system has been developed for the FPSO and model tests will be carried out to verify the model. Due to limitations to the size of the model basins, the model tests will be carried out for a truncated mooring setup. Non-linear horizontal stiffness of a single mooring line and the complete mooring system with truncation is compared to that of the existing full depth mooring system. Discrepancies in the vertical forces due to truncation of line length will be discussed in the paper. A numerical model of the truncated set-up will be calibrated using model test results.