gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative metabolism of the carcinogen 6-fluorobenzo[c]phenanthrene. Effect of a K-region fluoro substituent on the regioselectivity of cytochromes P-450 in liver microsomes from control and induced rats. (1988)

Oxidative metabolism of the carcinogen 6-fluorobenzo[c]phenanthrene (6-FB[c]Ph) was compared with that of benzo[c]phenanthrene (B[c]Ph) to elucidate the enhancement of carcinogenicity of B[c]Ph by the 6-fluoro substituent. Liver microsomes from untreated (control), phenobarbital-treated, and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats metabolized 6-FB[c]Ph at rates of 3.5, 1.5, and 7.7 nmol of products/nmol of cytochrome P-450/min, respectively. The rates of metabolism of B[c]Ph by the same microsomes were 2.9, 1.6, and 5.5 nmol of products/nmol of cytochrome P-450/min, respectively. Whereas the K-region 5,6-dihydrodiol was the major metabolite of B[c]Ph, the major metabolite of 6-FB[c]Ph was the K-region 7,8-oxide, which underwent slow rearrangement to an oxepin. Thus, the 6-fluoro substituent blocks oxidation at the 5,6-double bond and inhibits hydration of the K-region 7,8-oxide by epoxide hydrolase. Substitution with fluorine at C-6 caused an almost 2.5-fold increase in the percentages of the putative proximate carcinogens, i.e. benzo-ring dihydrodiols with bay-region double bonds, when liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats were used. Little or no increase was observed in their formation by liver microsomes from control or phenobarbital-treated rats. Interestingly, liver microsomes from control rats formed almost 3-fold as much 3,4-dihydrodiol as isosteric 9,10-dihydrodiol. The R,R-enantiomers of the 3,4- and 9,10-dihydrodiols and the S,S-enantiomer of the 7,8-dihydrodiol were predominantly formed by all three microsomal preparations.
Advanced Topics in Computer Science 10 (236610) Homework Assignment #1 Classification of sentences in outline paragraphs (2002)

1. From (Meng et al., 2002): “The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe the concept hierarchy used in this research. In Section 3, we describe three methods for categorizing databases based on a concept hierarchy. In Section 4, we report our experimental results. In Section 5, we describe a prototype search engine categorization system. We conclude the paper in Section 6.”
Heterogeneous Hardware-Software System partitioning using Extended Directed Acyclic Graph (2003)

In this paper, we present a system partitioning technique in which the input system specification is based on C++ language. The proposed technique processes data and precedence dependencies simultaneously in one graph representation DADGP, which is an extension of Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). The DADGP (Directed Acyclic Data dependency Graph with Precedence) based partitioning technique minimizes the communication overhead as well as overall system execution time under real-time deadline. It also tries to minimize the cost of target system in terms of hardware area.
A compact multiband antenna with MIMO implementation for USB size 4G LTE wireless devices (2011)

A compact low cost multiband antenna design is proposed for future 4G Long term evolution (LTE) wireless devices of USB size and Bluetooth headsets. The printed inverted F- antenna (PIFA) type antenna structure is on a 1.6mm thick FR4 substrate. The Antenna covers LTE band-3 (1710-1880MHz)/ DCS 1800 and LTE band-7 (2500-2690MHZ) based on S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> = -6dB matching criterion. Radiation efficiency above 65% in the lower band and 80% in the upper band is achieved. Next the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration of this antenna is investigated. The MIMO configuration shows an envelope correlation (ρ) value of 0.5 which meets the required industry standards. Radiation efficiency is always above 60% for the MIMO configuration. Measured and simulated data are presented in this paper.
First Expert Evaluation of a New Steerable Catheter in an Isolated Beating Heart (2020)

The expert user found the passive beating heart setup to more successful than the active beating heart setup for the purpose of this experiment, with insightful visualization while the heart was in beating condition. The steerability of the prototypes was experienced as useful and clinically relevant. Based on the questionnaires and interview we were able to identify future design improvements and developments for the steerable catheter prototypes.
pH-Sensitive liposomes-principle and application in cancer therapy (2007)

The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the different aspects of pH-sensitive liposomes. The review consists of 6 parts: the first introduces different types of medications made in liposomal drug delivery to overcome several drawbacks; the second elaborates the development of pH-sensitive liposomes; the third explains diverse mechanisms associated with the endocytosis and the cytosolic delivery of the drugs through pH-sensitive liposomes; the fourth describes the role and importance of pH-sensitive lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and research carried on it; the fifth explains successful strategies used so far using the mechanism of pH sensitivity for fusogenic activity; the final part is a compilation of research that has played a significant role in emphasizing the success of pH-sensitive liposomes as an efficient drug delivery system in the treatment of malignant tumours. pH-Sensitive liposomes have been extensively studied in recent years as an amicable alternative to conventional liposomes in effectively targeting and accumulating anti-cancer drugs in tumours. This research suggests that pH-sensitive liposomes are more efficient in delivering anti-cancer drugs than conventional and long-circulating liposomes due to their fusogenic property. Research focused on the clinical and therapeutic side of pH-sensitive liposomes would enable their commercial utility in cancer treatment.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Endometrial Explant Culture for Characterizing Equine Endometritis (2008)

An endometrial explant culture was developed that measured PGF(2alpha) and may be used to study endometritis.
High Aspect Ratio Silicon Nanowire for Stiction Immune Gate-All-Around MOSFETs (2009)

A high aspect ratio silicon nanowire is proposed for a stiction immune gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET on a bulk substrate with a fully CMOS compatible technology. Epitaxially grown SiGe serves as a sacrificial layer to yield a suspended nanowire structure. A high aspect ratio structure derived from an epitaxially grown thick-Si film provides a stiction immune property. The fabricated GAA device on a bulk substrate shows superior short-channel effects and improved drive current. In addition, an extremely long suspended nanowire structure can be implemented to a nand string composed of 64 or longer cells.
Suppression of XPM penalty in dispersion managed hybrid 10G/40G/100G DWDM networks using group delay management (2009)

We propose a novel group delay management technique which effectively suppresses XPM accumulation in hybrid 10G/40G/100G DWDM networks. Systematic investigation reveals its high effectiveness for various co-propagating signals, dispersion maps and fiber types.
Hysteresis compensation for giant magnetostrictive actuators using dynamic recurrent neural network (2006)

According to the hysteresis characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive actuator (MA), a dynamic recurrent neural network (DRNN) is constructed as the inverse hysteresis model of the MA, and an on-line hysteresis compensation control strategy combining the DRNN inverse compensator and a proportional derivative (PD) controller is used for precision position tracking of the MA. Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the proposed strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Alkylation of N‐Methylmorpholinium 4,5‐trans‐4‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxy‐5‐ (2‐thenoyl)‐6‐trifluoromethyl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐2‐thiolate. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 4,5‐trans‐4‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxy‐2‐methallylthio‐5‐ (2‐thenoyl)‐6‐trifluoromethyl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A robust online secondary path modeling method with auxiliary noise power scheduling strategy and norm constraint manipulation (2003)

In many practical cases for active noise control (ANC), the online secondary path modeling methods that use auxiliary noise are often applied. However, the auxiliary noise contributes to residual noise, and thus deteriorates the noise control performance of ANC systems. Moreover, a sudden and large change in the secondary path leads to easy divergence of the existing online secondary path modeling methods. To mitigate these problems, this paper proposes a new online secondary path modeling method with auxiliary noise power scheduling and adaptive filter norm manipulation. The auxiliary noise power is scheduled based on the convergence status of an ANC system with consideration of the variation of the primary noise. The purpose is to alleviate the increment of the residual noise due to the auxiliary noise. In addition, the norm manipulation is applied to adaptive filters in the ANC system. The objective is to avoid over-updates of adaptive filters due to the sudden large change in the secondary path and thus prevent the ANC system from diverging. Computer simulations show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Entamoeba histolytica antigen in faecal samples (1984)

A promising new ELISA method developed by Root et al. to diagnose amoebiasis by the detection of Entamoeba histolytica coproantigen was tested in Mexico City and was reported to be more than twice as sensitive as microscopy. In this study the same procedure was compared to microscopy for paired specimens from 107 patients in San Francisco. Microscopy was more than twice as sensitive as ELISA: of 12 specimens positive by microscopy only 5 were also positive by ELISA. The ELISA did not detect a single specimen not detected by microscopy. Over-all, there was a 93% agreement between the two tests: 5% were positive and 89% negative by both tests. Possible reasons for the differences in the San Francisco and Mexican City findings are discussed.
A Perspective on Reversible Gels and Related Systems (1987)

The features common to reversible polymer gels of many types are identified and discussed. The nature of the gel state is carefully defined, and a novel classification scheme based on morphology, rather than chemical or mechanistic considerations, is proposed. The article also serves as an overview to some of the more commonly used techniques used in the study of gels, and as an introduction to some of the current trends in reversible gel research. Some speculations regarding future trends in reversible gel research are presented.
Microstructure and rheology of microfibril–polymer networks (2015)

By using an adsorbing polymer in combination with mechanical de-agglomeration, the microstructure and rheological properties of networks of microfibrils could be controlled. By the addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose during de-agglomeration of networks of bacterial cellulose, the microstructure could be changed from an inhomogeneous network with bundles of microfibrils and voids to a more homogeneous spread and alignment of the particles. As a result the macroscopic rheological properties were altered. Although still elastic and gel-like in nature, the elasticity and viscous behavior of the network as a function of microfibril concentration is altered. The microstructure is thus changed by changing the surface properties of the building blocks leading to a direct influence on the materials macroscopic behavior.
Post-azacitidine clone size predicts long-term clinical outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and related myeloid neoplasms (2021)

Abstract Azacitidine is a mainstay of therapy for high-risk MDS and other myeloid neoplasms. A significant correlation between azacitidine response and clinical outcome suggests a potential role of mutational profiling based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) before and after therapy in evaluating response and predicting overall survival (OS), which however has not fully elucidated. Here through NGS-based mutational profiling of large cohorts (n=451) of azacitidine-treated patients with high-risk MDS and other myeloid neoplasms, we show significant roles of multi-hit TP53 and germline DDX41 mutations in pre-treatment samples and post-treatment clone size in the evaluation/prediction of azacitidine response and OS after azacitidine therapy, which outperformed the prediction based only on clinical response and IPSS-R score. Post-treatment clone size strongly correlated with clinical response with exception of large persistent mutations frequently affecting TET2 after achieving complete remission and those with DDX41 mutations, which poorly correlated with clinical response. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating mutations in both pre- and post-treatment samples in the assessment of response and the prediction of OS after azacitidine therapy.
Isatinas sustituidas y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (2015)

Isatinas sustituidas y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. La presente invención se refiere a una familia de isatinas diferentemente sustituidas que presentan actividad inhibitoria de la proteína quinasa con repeticiones ricas en leucina (LRRK2), por lo que son útiles para el tratamiento de las enfermedades mediadas por esta enzima, como las enfermedades inflamatorias, las autoinmunes y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, especialmente la enfermedad de Parkinson.
Multiple‐input multiple‐output symbol rate signal digital predistorter for non‐linear multi‐carrier satellite channels (2015)

A digital predistortion (DPD) scheme is presented for non‐linear distortion mitigation in multi‐carrier satellite communication channels. The proposed DPD has a multiple‐input multiple‐output architecture similar to data DPD schemes. However, it enhances the mitigation performance of data DPDs using a multi‐rate processing algorithm to achieve spectrum broadening of non‐linear operators. Compared to single carrier (single‐input single‐output) signal (waveform) DPD schemes, the proposed DPD has lower digital processing rate reducing the required hardware cost of the predistorter. The proposed DPD outperforms, in total degradation, both data and signal DPD schemes. Further, it performs closest to a channel bound described by an ideally mitigated channel with limited maximum output power.
Nanofluids, nanogels and nanopastes for electronic packaging (2010)

This paper discusses polymer based nanogels, nanofluids and nanopastes for thermal interface material (TIM) applications. Nanopaste and nanogel formulated using controlled-sized particles to fill small bond lines is highlighted. A variety of nanopaste with particle sizes ranging from 5 nm to 15 μm was bonded between metal plates. SEM and optical microscopy were used to investigate the micro-structures, conducting mechanism and path. Thermal impedance decreased with increasing curing temperature. It was found that with increasing curing temperature of the paste, the thermal impedance decreased due to sintering of metal particles. Paste modified with nanoparticles showed 30-90% thermal impedance drop when cured at 275°C instead of 200°C. Paste formulated with a low melting point (LMP) filler exhibited a thermal impedance as low as 48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C/W. The paper also describes a nanoparticle dispersion approach to prepare nanogels and nanofluids. Several nanogels were tested in a thin bond line construction as thermal interface materials. Here we highlight recent developments on nanogels. The content of nanoparticles in the gels ranged from 4% to 20% by weight. Materials exhibited viscosities as high as 1000 Pa s for gels, and as low as 200 Pa s for low flow liquid like materials. Similarly, viscosities for oils and solvent based fluids were 500 cp and 10 cp respectively. Stability of nanoparticles with in the gel was ascertained by thermal treatments. The thermal performance of gels was characterized using thermal impedance measurements. The thermal impedance of gel, liquid like materials and oil based fluids were in the range of 70-75, 46-52 and 53-65 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C/W respectively. The present processes and materials allow fabrication of robust thinner bondline TIM structures.
Analysis of an effective voltage sharing method for IGBTs connected in series (2014)

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) connected in series is an essential topology for high voltage applications where fast switching is required. However, the IGBTs are unlikely to share the voltage equally with each other due to many factors, such as various time-delays of control signals, different stray inductances in the circuit, and potential snubber effects [1]. Even if using identical IGBTs with the same design and manufacture process and ideally setting perfectly matched components in the circuit, the voltages that the IGBTs withstand are still different in all probabilities. This is very likely caused by their different intrinsic parameters (e.g. gate-collector capacitances, intrinsic gate resistances, carrier lifetimes). An effective voltage sharing application (Temporary Clamp) [2] performed by intelligent Cascade Active Voltage Control (CAVC) [3] has been successfully implemented to solve this unbalanced voltage-sharing problem in the series circuit. The logic behind this application is worth analysis especially because it is concerning with the changes inside IGBT device, such as excess carrier density distribution, carrier storage region, depletion layer. A complete analysis needs a better understanding of the physical structure of the IGBT and knowledge of device modeling. By using the known IGBT dynamic model with meaningful equations [4], a preliminary analysis at the mathematics level will be introduced for the temporary clamp method.
Energy-efficiency MBMS Single Frequency Networks with User Cooperation (2013)

Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) has been introduced in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). To support Enhanced MBMS (EMBMS) in long Term Evolution (LTE), MBMS over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) is proposed to satisfy the high-speed data flow of multimedia service and improve the performance of users in the edge of MBSFN area. However, the proposed adaption is not ideal in situation where the Inter Site Distance (ISD) is quite large. In order to solve the problem, MBSFN model is established in this paper firstly. Next, the User Cooperation method is proposed which adopts positioning technology, the strategy of transmission radius selection and related technology to accomplish cooperation from the users who receive signals successfully to the users who lose signals because of the low SINR. Meanwhile, to decrease energy consumption in line with Green Communications, this paper also proposes Energy-efficiency MBSFN which not only saves the power of system, but also achieves higher performance compared with conventional MBSFN, by reducing the number of evolved Node B (eNB) which transmits MBMS signals and adopting the User Cooperation. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the new MBSFN is verified by simulation.
The physiological basis for a flexible condylar tibial plateau design (1991)

Knee resurfacing is a successful treatment for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis in elderly patients. The application of this treatment to younger more active and obese persons has the potential to produce premature wear, loosening, and undesirable bone remodelling. A new generation of more physiologically compatible components is required for these situations. This paper discusses the design and analysis of a prototype tibial base plate aimed at physiological load transfer. Incorporated in the design are mechanisms to alleviate lift-off phenomena, bone stress concentrations, stress shielding, and micromotion at the bone-implant interface. The design requires viable cancellous bone stock, so that the bone may respond by remodelling to the dynamic loading during normal ambulatory activities.
Interface chemistry of two-dimensional heterostructures – fundamentals to applications (2021)

Two-dimensional heterostructures (2D HSs) have emerged as a new class of materials where dissimilar 2D materials are combined to synergise their advantages and alleviate shortcomings. Such a combination of dissimilar components into 2D HSs offers fascinating properties and intriguing functionalities attributed to the newly formed heterointerface of constituent components. Understanding the nature of the surface and the complex heterointerface of HSs at the atomic level is crucial for realising the desired properties, designing innovative 2D HSs, and ultimately unlocking their full potential for practical applications. Therefore, this review provides the recent progress in the field of 2D HSs with a focus on the discussion of the fundamentals and the chemistry of heterointerfaces based on van der Waals (vdW) and covalent interactions. It also explains the challenges associated with the scalable synthesis and introduces possible methodologies to produce large quantities with good control over the heterointerface. Subsequently, it highlights the specialised characterisation techniques to reveal the heterointerface formation, chemistry and nature. Afterwards, we give an overview of the role of 2D HSs in various emerging applications, particularly in high-power batteries, bifunctional catalysts, electronics, and sensors. In the end, we present conclusions with the possible solutions to the associated challenges with the heterointerfaces and potential opportunities that can be adopted for innovative applications.
Kinetic Studies of Fluorination of Graphite (1971)

フッ素と天然黒鉛との反応速度におよぼす温度と圧力の影響について検討した。スプリングバランス式の耐フッ素用熱天秤を試作し, 反応温度 400～500℃, フッ素圧 20～200mmHg で無希釈, 減圧下で実験した。反応速度曲線は4つの領域に分けられる。完全な炭素-フッ素の共有結合でフッ化黒鉛 (CF)n が生成するまでに, 結合エネルギーの異なる中間化合物が考えられる。反応率が 10～50% の領域では, 反応時間と重量増加の間に直線関係が成立し, その領域では, 反応速度式としてdw/dt=KP1/2+Cが成立し,その活性化エネルギーは 37.0±0.3kcal/mol で, フッ素分子の解離エネルギーよりわずかに低い値であった。試料黒鉛を円板状粒子とみなして反応過程を検討したところ, 黒鉛の層方向の反応が支配的で, その過程は表面反応律速と考えられる。影響について検討した。
Recursive approximation of the energy spectral density (1992)

In a previous paper, R.Z. Kham et al. (ibid., vol.35, p.102-5, Jan. 1988) described a fast technique for estimating the energy spectral density of a noisy waveform via Taylor series. A fast sliding-time window approach for recursively updating the series is introduced in this work. A method for automatically determining the required series degree using the estimated truncation error is given. The application of the method is demonstrated in an example. The technique is shown to be more efficient than interpolation of the DFT modulus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>