gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple method for purification of Shiga or Shiga-like toxin from Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli O157: H7 by immunoaffinity column chromatography (1987)

A simple method was developed for purifying Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin from the culture supernatants and cell lysates of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 grown in modified syncase media.Two steps, DEAE cellulose column chromatography and immunoaffinity column chromatography, were sufficient for obtaining purified toxin.By this procedure, about 0.32-0.75mg of purified toxin was obtained from 5 1 of culture with high recovery rate (53-62%).The toxins purified by this method from the culture supernatants and cell lysates of S. dysenteriae and E. coli O157 : H7 were immunologically, biologically and structurally indistinguishable.
MicroRNA‐10a controls airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via direct targeting of the PI3 kinase pathway (2014)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells play important physiological roles in the lung, and abnormal proliferation of ASM directly contributes to the airway remodeling during development of lung diseases such as asthma. MicroRNAs are small yet versatile gene tuners that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth and proliferation; however, little is known about the precise role of microRNAs in the proliferation of the ASM. Here we report that a specific microRNA (miR-10a) controls ASM proliferation through directly inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Next-generation sequencing identified miR-10a as the most abundant microRNA expressed in primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells, accounting for > 20% of all small RNA reads. Overexpression of miR-10a reduced mitogen-induced HASM proliferation by ∼50%, whereas inhibition of miR-10a increased HASM proliferation by ∼40%. Microarray profiling of HASM cells expressing miR-10a mimics identified 52 significantly down-regulated genes as potential targets of miR-10a, including the catalytic subunit α of PI3K (PIK3CA), the central component of the PI3K pathway. MiR-10a directly suppresses PIK3CA expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the gene. Inhibition of PIK3CA by miR-10a reduced V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) phosphorylation and blunted the expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases that are required for HASM proliferation. Together, our study identifies a novel microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism for PI3K signaling and ASM proliferation and further suggests miR-10a as a potential therapeutic target for lung diseases whose etiology resides in abnormal ASM proliferation.
Effect of exogenous ATP on the permeability properties of transformed cultures of mouse cell lines. (1977)

HEPPEL,~ AND ILAN FRIEDBERG§ From the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, England External ATP produces an extensive change in the mem- brane permeability of transformed cultured mouse cells, leading to a depletion of intracellular pools labeled with 13Hluridine, L3H1adenosine, ““Rb, or Z-deoxy[“HIglucose. For example, when 3T6 (a cell line derived from 3T3 by spontaneous transformation), SV3T3 (3T3 cells transformed by simian vacuolating virus 40), and PY3T3 (3T3 cells trans- formed by polyoma virus) cells are exposed to as little as 0.2 mM ATP in buffered saline medium for several minutes, there results a 20- to 30-fold increase in rate of efflux of the acid-soluble uridine nucleotide pool. A much smaller stimu- lation (from 0- to 3-fold) is seen with resting or growing 3T3 cells or with secondary cultures of mouse embryo fibro- blasts. The increase in permeability produced by ATP is highly specific; it was not obtained with GTP, CTP, UTP, ADP, inorganic phosphate, and various chelating agents. The effect of ATP in increasing permeability is pa-depend- ent and occurs much faster at 37.5” than at 20”. Stimulation of efflux persists after removal of ATP and the enhanced rate of efflux is the same at 20” as at 37.5”. The effect of ATP is seen in various buffered saline media. When the solutions are removed and replaced with Dul- becco’s modified Eagle’s serum-free medium (Smith, J. D., Freeman, G., Vogt, D., and Dulbecco, R. (1960) Virology 12, 185-196), the increased rate of efflux is quickly suppressed. The presence of bicarbonate, divalent cations, and a more neutral pH all contribute to restore a normal permeability barrier. Upon addition of serum, the acid-soluble pools are restored in 1 h and the process can be repeated. This treat- ment with ATP does not affect the subsequent appearance of the cultured cells or their rate of growth.
Identity Management in M2M Networks (2014)

Evolving communication technologies stimulate a rapid growth in utilisation of communication-capable devices and therefore amount of transmitted data. This imposes new requirements for automatic device and data management necessary for successful exploitation of new opportunities. Unfortunately, currently developed systems, including Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine communications, mainly focus on industrial applications that involve fixed users, proprietary environments as well as ad-hoc devices and things, whereas regular users along with possibilities and challenges created by growing sets of personal user equipment remain ignored. This thesis addresses the defined problem by analysing currently developed and utilised communication technologies and identity management systems as well as proposing an advanced identity management system that considers user-related needs and enables user-aware automatic device-to-device communications. Our system is unique compared to other automatic communication systems in that it enables global communication of devices owned or used by different parties and supports dynamic connection and relationship establishment based on data administered in a sophisticated identity management infrastructure. Unlike existing identity management mechanisms, our system extends the notion of an identified and authenticated entity to a combination of both user and device. Furthermore, the system introduces an original Single Device Sign-On feature that simplifies user login procedure when accessing a service with multiple devices. As a consequence, this thesis suggests a new direction for evolution of communication technologies as well as user-targeted Internet-based services and applications.
Effects of intergranular phase on the coercivity for MnBi magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering (2018)

MnBi magnets with a high content of low temperature phase (LTP) and excellent magnetic properties were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using ball milling powders as precursors without magnetic purification. A complicated intergranular phase, which contains Mn phase, Bi phase, MnO phase, and even amorphous phase in MnBi magnets, was characterized and reported systematically. It was found that the formation of intergranular phase which was contributed by ball milling precursors and sintering mechanism, jointly, had important influence on the magnetic properties. The appropriate content of intergranular phase was beneficial in improving the coercivity due to the strong magnetic isolation effects. The optimum magnetic properties with Mr=26.0 emu/g, Hci= 7.11 kOe and (BH)max=1.53 MGOe at room temperature, and a maximum value Hci= 25.37 kOe at 550 K can be obtained. Strongly favorable magnetic properties make SPSed MnBi magnets an attractive candidate material for small permanent magnets used in high-temperature applications.
Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials (2016)

Advances in the design and application of highly efficient conjugated polymers and small molecules over the past years have enabled the rapid progress in the development of organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology as a promising alternative to conventional solar cells. Among the numerous OPV materials, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymers and small molecules have come to the fore in achieving outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and breaking 10% efficiency barrier in the single junction OPV devices. Remarkably, the OPV device featured by BDT-based polymer has recently demonstrated an impressive PCE of 11.21%, indicating the great potential of this class of materials in commercial photovoltaic applications. In this review, we offered an overview of the organic photovoltaic materials based on BDT from the aspects of backbones, functional groups, alkyl chains, and device performance, trying to provide a guideline about the structure-performance relationship. We believe more exciting BDT-based photovoltaic materials and devices will be developed in the near future.
Europa und die Europäische Union nach 1989/90 (1997)

Die — politischen und ökonomischen — Entwicklungslinien der EU haben sich nach dem Epochenbruch verändert. Diese Zäsur bewirkte für Europa, daß sich mannigfaltige neue Fenster der Möglichkeiten öffneten und andere unwiderruflich schlossen. Bis zum Epochenbruch konnte (West-)Europa für Europäische Gemeinschaft — und umgekehrt pars pro toto — stehen, doch diese Gleichsetzung ist seit 1989/90 kontrafaktisch. Mit dem Zusammenbruch der bipolaren Weltordnung hat die globale Komplexität zugenommen; Multilateralismus löste den Bilateralismus des 19. Jahrhunderts ab. Gesine Schwan prophezeite vor der Epochenzäsur, daß die „Europäisierung Europas“ sich erst verwirklichen läßt, wenn die Zwischenstellung Europas zwischen zwei konträren politischen Systemen nicht mehr besteht: „Innerhalb dieser Konstellation hat sie keine Chance.“111. Der Epochenbruch hat diese Chance eröffnet und zugleich die Chance für eine Diskussion über die Zukunft Europas, die nicht sogleich Denkverbote auslöst aus Angst vor einer Störung des Ost-West-Gleichgewichts. Der Zusammenbruch des bipolaren Weltsystems bildete eine Herausforderung für die EU, die zu einer Konzentration der Kräfte auf außenpolitische Stabilisierungserfordernisse hätte flhren können, doch hat sie in einem ungeheuren Kraftakt zugleich den Integrationsprozeß vorangetrieben.
Perl (2004)

For many years, perl has been the best-beloved scripting language in the Unix/Linux universe. Moreover, Perl continues to play an important role as a programming language for CGI scripts, by which dynamic web sites can be realized. This chapter gives a brief introduction to MySQL database access with Perl and shows, by means of a few examples, the large bandwidth of possible applications.
Martensite Transformation of Ultrafine Grained Austenite in Fe-28.5at%Ni Alloy (2006)

Martensite transformation of the ultrafine grained (UFG) austenite fabricated by the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process was studied. The Fe-28.5at.%Ni alloy sheet was severely deformed in austenite state by the ARB process up to 5 cycles. The ARB processed sheet had the ultrafine lamellar boundary structure. The mean lamellar spacing was 230 nm in the 5 cycles specimen. The sheets ARB processed by various cycles were cooled down to 77 K to cause the martensite transformation. Martensite transformation starting (Ms) temperature decreased with increasing the number of the ARB process. The Ms temperature of the ultrafine lamellar austenite in the 5 cycles specimen was 225 K, which was lower than that (247 K) of the conventionally recrystallized specimen with mean grain size of 22 μm. The martensite having characteristic morphologies appeared from the UFG austenite, although the martensite transformed from the coarse-grained specimen showed typical plate (or lenticular) morphology. The strength of the nano-martensite transformed from the UFG austenite was about 1.5 times higher than that of the UFG austenite, and it reached to 970 MPa.
Reconsideration of continuum percolation of isotropically oriented sticks in three dimensions (1999)

The continuum percolation problem of permeable and isotropically oriented sticks (with the form of capped cylinders) is reconsidered by Monte Carlo simulations in three dimensions. Errors in earlier studies are revealed and results in agreement with the excluded volume rule are presented. Finite-size effects are discussed.
A Reverse Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (Rewod) Energy Harvester Using Nonwetting Gallium Coated Electrode And Ultrathin Gallium Oxide Shell As Dielectric Layer (2023)

We report a method of REWOD energy harvesting using a bumpy formation of gallium coated (~20 nm) electrode as a nonwetting surface and utilizes naturally formed oxide shell of gallium (~3 nm) as a dielectric layer, while using naturally oxidized Galinstan as a conductive liquid. Compared with Cytop and Parylene-C coated flat electrodes, all liquid metal based energy harvester was able to generate continuous power without wetting on the surface. Maximum power generation of 268 μW was achieved when the gap between two electrodes was 4.5 mm, 7 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> and 65 Hz applied to a woofer.
HIV-1 drug resistance at antiretroviral treatment initiation in children previously exposed to single-dose nevirapine (2011)

The prevalence of mutations known to compromise primary NNRTI-based therapy is high in sdNVP-exposed children, supporting current guidelines recommending use of protease inhibitor-based regimens for young children. Standard genotyping is adequate to identify children who could benefit from switching to NNRTI-based therapy.
HYDROTHERMAL OXIDATION OF ALUMINUM FOR HYDROGEN AND ALUMINUM OXIDE/HYDROXIDE PRODUCTION (2015)

Aluminum-water reaction is carried out in special reactor developed for continuous and large-scale production. Reaction proceeds under about 300 0С and 15 MPa. The products of this reaction are monophase aluminum oxyhydroxide (gamma-AlOOH) and hydrogen. Hydrogen produced within the reactor due to aluminum-water reaction is transferred to the fuel cell or accumulated in hydrogen tanks. Produced gamma-AlOOH represents the powder consisting of agglomerated particles with the size of about 10 μm, the size of single crystal ranges from about 10 to 200 nm, specific surface from 30 to 110 m2/g.
Evidence for Microchimerism in Baboon Recipients of Pig Hearts (2023)

Xenotransplantation, like allotransplantation, is usually associated with microchimerism, i.e., the presence of cells from the donor in the recipient. Microchimerism was reported in first xenotransplantation trials in humans, as well as in most preclinical trials in nonhuman primates (for review, see Denner, Viruses 2023, 15, 190). When using pigs as xenotransplantation donors, their cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome. This makes it difficult to discriminate between microchimerism and PERV infection of the recipient. Here, we demonstrate the appropriate virological methods to be used for the identification of microchimerism, first by screening for porcine cellular genes, and then how to detect infection of the host. Using porcine short interspersed nuclear sequences (SINEs), which have hundreds of thousands of copies in the pig genome, significantly increased the sensitivity of the screening for pig cells. Second, absence of PERV RNA demonstrated an absence of viral genomic RNA or expression as mRNA. Lastly, absence of antibodies against PERV proteins conclusively demonstrated an absence of a PERV infection. When applying these methods for analyzing baboons after pig heart transplantation, microchimerism could be demonstrated and infection excluded in all animals. These methods can be used in future clinical trials.
Melatonin mediates the stabilization of DELLA proteins to repress the floral transition in Arabidopsis (2016)

Precise floral transition from vegetative growth phase to reproductive growth phase is very important in plant life cycle. In flowering genetic pathways, DELLA proteins are master transcriptional regulators of gibberelic acid (GA) pathway, and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a core repressor of vernalization pathway as well as downstream of DELLAs. As a crucial messenger in plants, the possible involvement of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) in flowering and underlying molecular mechanism are unknown in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that exogenous melatonin treatment delayed floral transition in Arabidopsis. Exogenous melatonin treatment conferred protein stabilizations of DELLAs [REPRESSOR of ga1-3 (RGA) and RGA-LIKE3 (RGL3)], without regulating the transcripts of DELLAs and endogenous GA level. Notably, exogenous melatonin delayed plant flowering and DELLA-activated transcripts of FLC were alleviated in della mutants, and those were exacerbated in DELLA overexpressing plants. Taken together, this study provides direct link between melatonin and floral transition, and indicates the novel involvement of DELLAs-activated FLC in melatonin-mediated flowering in Arabidopsis.
An efficient DNA extraction method for small metazoans. (1997)

The isolation of total nucleic acids from small metazoan taxa is difficult and often leads to an unacceptably large percentage of unsuccessful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications. Our work with the evolutionary genetics of harpacticoid copepods was an incentive to refine techniques such that consistent amplifications from minute marine organisms were feasible. We describe these modifications and demonstrate their utility for the amplification of multiple loci from single harpacticoid copepods.
Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification (2016)

Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non-invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva 'the' biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Clinical Outcomes (2020)

A reduction in the primary composite endpoint and its CVD and HFH components was observed in patients on vericiguat compared with subjects on placebo with NT-proBNP levels up to 8,000 pg/ml. This provided new insight into the benefit observed in high-risk patients with worsening HFrEF. (A Study of Vericiguat in Participants With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [HFrEF] [MK-1242-001] [VICTORIA]; NCT02861534).
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS IN THE SYSTEM B-P (1989)

The effect of the growth parameters on the deposition of boron phosphides BxP by thermally activated atmospheric pressure CVD was studied for the boron tribromide - phosphorus tribromide - hydrogen system, with main emphasis on the reactant molar ratio and the temperature. The surface roughness of the fused silica substrates was varied. With increasing temperature and with decreasing BBr3/PBr3 molar ratio a transition in the growth mechanism for cubic boron monophosphide BP from kinetically controlled to diffusion controlled is observed. No deposition of cubic BP is observed in the diffusion controlled regime if the substrate exhibits a lack of nucleation sites. In this case a dense film of boron rich amorphous boron phosphide BxP (x > 1) is observed with a phosphorus content depending on the BBr3/PBr3 molar ratio during deposition.
High microwave performance of InGaP/GaAs HBT with beryllium-doped base grown by solid source MBE (2000)

In this paper, we report for the first time the design, fabrication and characterization of high microwave performance InGaP/GaAs HBTs with beryllium doped base grown by slid-source MBE. Our InGaP/GaAs HBTs have achieved typical f<SUB>T</SUB> of 53 GHz and f<SUB>max</SUB> of 40 GHz. These microwave performances are comparable to those of AlGaAs/GaAs with C-doped base and grown by MOCVD fabricated using similar process in our laboratory. Our results suggest that high performance InGaP/GaAs HBTs grown by solid-source MBE can be used for high volume production as in the case with their AlGaAs/GaAs HBT counterparts.
A New Simple Method for the Preparation of Aryl Formates from Phenols (2008)

Abstract Aryl formates are prepared in a two step one-pot procedure from phenols. Firstly the formylating reagent triformamide (1b) is generated from sodium diformamide (2) and methanesulfonyl chloride in situ, which reacts with phenols 4a - f to give aryl formates 5a - f in good yields. Triformamide, prepared in situ, transforms anisole in the presence of aluminum chloride to the N-(diarylmethyl)formamide 7.
Synthesis of Chimeric Oligonucleotides Containing Phosphodiester, Phosphorothioate, and Phosphoramidate Linkages (2000)

[reaction: see text] H-Phosphonate monomers of 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleosides have been synthesized. Oxidation of oligonucleotide H-phosphonates has been optimized to allow the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing either 2'-deoxy or 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleoside residues combined with three different phosphate modifications in the backbone, i.e., phosphodiester (PO), phosphorothioate (PS), and phosphoramidate (PN). Phosphodiester linkages were introduced by oxidation with a cocktail of 0.1 M Et(3)N in CCl(4)/Pyr/H(2)O (5:9:1) without affecting phosphorothioate or phosphoramidate linkages. For the synthesis of phosphoramidate-modified oligonucleotides, N(4)-acetyl deoxycytidine-3'-H-phosphonate monomers were used to avoid transamination during the oxidation step.
Interference filters: single crystal multilayer AlAs–GaAs (1976)

High and low reflectance single crystal quarter wave stacks consisting of alternating layers of AlAs and GaAs have been grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy.
Analysis of microstrip‐microslot applicator for biomedical applications (1992)

Abstract We propose to investigate planar applicators and, more specifically, microstrip‐microslot applicators laid on multtiayered lossy media and covered or not with a dielectric protective layer. Using the two‐dimensional spectral domain approach (SDA), we obtain the complex resonant frequency F c . Comparison with the experiment shows that this analysis improves the previous one‐dimensional modelization. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.