gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LDL Receptor Mediates Effective Endocytosis of Activated Factor V. (2007)

Abstract The platelet α-granules contain a unique pool of partially activated factor V, which has been suggested to originate form megakaryocyte endocytosis of factor V (FV) from plasma. The presence of activated FV (FVa) in plasma itself should be tightly controlled as dysfunction therein may predispose to thrombotic disorders. Previously, we have reported that FVa but not FV can bind the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP). This multifunctional receptor can bind a multitude of ligands including FV’s homologue factor VIII (FVIII). We now investigated whether FV or FVa can, like FVIII, also bind the more restricted LDL receptor (LDLR). To this end, the endocytosis of FV and FVa by CHO cells expressing LDLR (CHO-LDLR+ cells) was assessed utilizing confocal microscopy. In the experimental setup, FV and FVa were visualized employing immuno-fluorescence staining techniques. The results showed that within 10 minutes after addition of FVa, fluorescent spots appeared inside the CHO-LDLR+ cells. In contrast, no fluorescent spots were observed after 10 minutes of incubation with FV. These observations suggest that FVa but not FV effectively interacts with the LDLR expressing CHO cells. We then assessed whether FVa can compete with FVIII for endocytosis by CHO-LDLR+ cells. In the presence of an equimolar amount of FVa and a FVIII derivative (FVIIIYFP) containing yellow fluorescent protein, both proteins were detected within the same vesicles inside the CHO-LDLR+ cells. Employing co-localization studies, we established that these vesicles represented early endosomes. In the presence of an access of FVa, however, the yellow fluorescence of FVIIIYFP was no longer observed. These results demonstrate that FVa can block the FVIII endocytosis by CHO-LDLR+ cells. The observations together suggest that LDLR can not only bind FVIII but also FVa. In line with this notion, we established that CHO-ldlA cells, which lack functional expression of LDLR, were unable to internalize neither FVa nor FVIIIYFP. In addition, the ligand-binding clusters II and cluster IV of LRP effectively inhibited the endocytic uptake of FVa by CHO-LDLR+ cells. This implies that structural elements of FVa involved in LRP binding may overlap with those required for LDLR dependent internalization. Our results suggest a so far unidentified role for members of the LDL receptor family in the regulation of FVa in plasma.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumorigenic and Metastatic Activity of Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumorigenic and Metastatic Activity of Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells
Optimized Electric Vehicle Wireless Chargers With Reduced Output Voltage Sensitivity to Misalignment (2019)

In this article, an optimized design of wireless charger for electric vehicle (EV) applications is presented to reduce the misalignment effect on the output voltage and efficiency of the wireless charger system. The existing methods to regulate the output voltage require either the communication link between the EV and charging station to control the charging station converter or a dc-dc converter on the EV. This article provides a solution to optimize compensation networks to reduce output voltage sensitivity with respect to misalignment and improve the efficiency of the overall system. Four topologies are studied in details, and the optimized compensation network is developed for each topology. The compensation networks are also designed to satisfy zero voltage switching (ZVS) for a wide range of misalignments. The performance of the optimized circuits is compared in detail in terms of efficiency, output voltage performance, size of the resonant network, and power loss distribution. This article also shows that LCC-LCC and LCC-series are the best candidates for operation in a wide range of misalignments. A 500-W/85-kHz prototype charger is built for each topology, and the performance of the optimized resonant networks is evaluated experimentally.
Tuning the Diversity of Open-Ended Responses From the Crowd (2014)

Crowdsourcing can solve problems beyond the reach of state-of-the-art fully automated systems. A common pattern found in many such systems is for the workers to discover, in parallel, a number of candidate solutions and then vote on the best one to pass forward, often within a fixed amount of time. We present the propose-vote-abstain mechanism for eliciting from crowd workers the proper balance between solution discovery and selection. Each crowd worker is given a choice among proposing an answer, voting among the answers proposed so far, or abstaining, i.e., doing nothing. When a stopping condition is reached, the mechanism returns the answer with the most votes. Workers are paid a base amount, with bonuses if they propose or vote for the winning answer.
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter Plasma Analyzer Experiment (1980)

The plasma analyzer experiment on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter was designed to determine the basic characteristics of the plasma environment of Venus and the nature of the solar wind interaction at Venus. The plasma analyzer experiment is an electrostatic energy-per-unit charge (E/Q) spectrometer which measures ions and electrons. There is a curved plate electrostatic analyzer system with multiple collectors. The experiment obtains the three dimensional plasma distribution function. Some of the scientific objectives of the instrument are briefly discussed, the general characteristics of the experiment are summarized, and some of the analyses based on the data are presented.
Supplementary Figure 1 from BAF180 Is a Critical Regulator of p21 Induction and a Tumor Suppressor Mutated in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from BAF180 Is a Critical Regulator of p21 Induction and a Tumor Suppressor Mutated in Breast Cancer
Ribosylation of Pyrimidine 2′-Deoxynucleosides (1996)

The previously developed method for the preparation of 2'-O-D-ribofuranosyl-nucleosides is extended to ribosylation of 2'-deoxynucleosides. The scope and limitations of this reaction are discussed.
Early Intra‐articular Corticosteroid Injection Improves Pain and Function in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: 1‐Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study (2017)

III.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Unified, Reconfigurable HMAC-Hash Unit (2007)

Hash functions are important security primitives used for authentication and data integrity. Among the most popular hash functions are MD5, SHA-1, and RIPEMD-160, which are all based on the function MD4. This similarity can be exploited for designing a unified engine to perform all three hash functions. Hash message authentication code (HMAC) is a shared-key security algorithm that uses these hash functions alternatively for IPSec authentication. Since some other security applications, such as digital signature, also use these three hash functions, it is prudent to design a unified, reconfigurable engine that can perform any one of them alone or with HMAC. In this work, we design an HMAC-hash unit that can be reconfigured to perform one of six standard security algorithms; namely, MD5, SHA-1, RIPEMD-160, HMAC-MD5, HMAC-SHA-1, and HMAC-RIPEMD-160. This paper applied pipelining and parallelism to the design of the HMAC-hash unit to improve throughput, especially for large message sizes. We achieved higher throughput than engines that integrated three hash functions or more and comparable throughput to those integrated only two hash functions.
Emphysema of Early Onset Associated with a Complete Deficiency of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (null homozygotes) (1988)

We have compared lung function in 3 subjects with no alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-protease inhibitor) (null homozygotes) with subjects having the typical deficiency, PIZZ. We identified a 31-yr-old woman, presenting with severe obstructive lung disease, who had no detectable plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, indicating homozygosity for a "null" (or PI*QO) allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Two of her sisters have a similar deficiency, one with an onset of symptoms at 17 yr of age. Because of the likelihood that there are a number of different PI*QO alleles, the type in this family has been named null Mattawa (QOmattawa). All 3 homozygotes have shown a marked deterioration of lung function over a 7-yr period of follow-up. In contrast, lung function tests of 6 age-matched nonsmoking subjects with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, PI type ZZ, showed no abnormalities of lung function. The 15 to 20% of the normal plasma concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with the PI*Z allele appears to provide some protection to the lung in comparison with a complete deficiency state.
Dry Reforming and Reverse Water Gas Shift: Alternatives for Syngas Production? (2015)

Abstract Dry reforming and reverse water gas shift are often discussed as potential carbon dioxide sinks. They may in the near future act as enablers for improving carbon footprints of certain value chains. In this paper, it will be critically discussed in short format why both technologies can only be operated economically and sustainably in defined contexts. A number of technical and economic challenges of both reactions are discussed and potential solutions for technical realization are presented.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Molecular Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, representing also the main cause of death among cirrhotic patients. In contrast to most other solid tumors, the underlying cirrhotic liver disease in HCC patients greatly impairs tumor related prognosis, conferring this neoplasm a unique situation, in which accurate prognostic prediction is a relevant and unmet need. Although clinical staging systems have improved significantly and now comprise tumor characteristics, liver function and patient performance status, the integration of molecular data into these algorithms is still hypothetical. Molecular profiling of HCC has led to a better understanding of the physiopathology of this neoplasm and has allowed developing novel therapeutic approaches (e.g. molecular targeted therapies) for a tumor previously considered as therapy-refractory. Integrative analysis of different reported genomic datasets has revealed common subclasses between different studies, highlighting their biological relevance in HCC. Gene signatures derived from tumors and from the adjacent tissue have been able to differentiate subclasses with different outcomes and have been proposed as potential predictive markers in the clinical setting. Genomic characterization of surrounding non-tumor tissue might be of particular interest to identify patients at high risk of developing HCC and therefore to select those patients that would benefit of potential chemopreventive strategies. Epigenetic analyses (methylation and miRNA profiling) are adding up to the knowlegde derived from gene expression data and should not be forgotten in the molecular diagnosis of HCC. Integrative analyses of genetic and epigenetic information of the tumor and the surrounding tissue should be used to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC, to improve existing treatment algorithms and to eventually design a more personalized medicine in this devastating disease.
Hyperthermia-Induced Cardioprotection Is Potentiated by Ischemic Postconditioning in Rats (2009)

We tested the hypothesis that the protective effects of hyperthermia (HT) could be augmented by ischemic postconditioning (PostC) via enhancement of reperfusion-induced Akt phosphorylation. The role of the mitoKATP channel as an effecter to protect hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury was also investigated. In isolated perfused heart experiments using a Langendorff apparatus, 30 min of no-flow global ischemia was followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Ischemic PostC, 5 cycles of 10-sec reperfusion/10-sec ischemia, was achieved at the initial moment of reperfusion. Hyperthermia (HT, 43 degrees C for 20 min) was applied 24 hr before ischemia onset. Ischemic PostC alone did not show significant protection, but HT did. The HT-induced protection in terms of infarct size, recovery of left ventricular performance, amount of released creatine kinase and apoptosis were enhanced by ischemic PostC. These protective effects were consistent with the levels of Akt phosphorylation 7 min after reperfusion and were completely blocked by the pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. HT-induced protection was also completely abolished by concomitant perfusion with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD, 100 microM), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel. However, the potentiated protection by ischemic PostC remained, even in the presence of 5HD. In conclusion, ischemic PostC could potentiate the protective effects of HT possibly via enhancement of reperfusion-induced Akt phosphorylation. Although the opening of the mitoKATP channel is predominantly involved as an effecter in HT-induced protection, potentiated protection by ischemic PostC may involve mechanisms other than the mitoKATP channel.
Isolation of a Mammalian Homologue of a Fission Yeast Differentiation Regulator (1999)

In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe the nrd1(+) gene encoding an RNA binding protein negatively regulates the onset of differentiation. Its biological role is to block differentiation by repressing a subset of the Ste11-regulated genes essential for conjugation and meiosis until the cells reach a critical level of nutrient starvation. By using the phenotypic suppression of the S. pombe temperature-sensitive pat1 mutant that commits lethal haploid meiosis at the restrictive temperature, we have cloned ROD1, a functional homologue of nrd1(+), from rat and human cDNA libraries. Like nrd1(+), ROD1 encodes a protein with four repeats of typical RNA binding domains, though its amino acid homology to Nrd1 is limited. When expressed in the fission yeast, ROD1 behaves in a way that is functionally similar to nrd1(+), being able to repress Ste11-regulated genes and to inhibit conjugation upon overexpression. ROD1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells or organs of adult and embryonic rat. Like nrd1(+) for fission yeast differentiation, overexpressed ROD1 effectively blocks both 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced megakaryocytic and sodium butyrate-induced erythroid differentiation of the K562 human leukemia cells without affecting their proliferative ability. These results suggest a role for ROD1 in differentiation control in mammalian cells. We discuss the possibility that a differentiation control system found in the fission yeast might well be conserved in more complex organisms, including mammals.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Amines with Cyclopropylcarbinyl Halides: SN2′ or Solvolysis? (1986)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Bromide (I) mit den Aminen (II) führt unter Ringspaltung bzw. Solvolyse zu den Produkten (III) und (IV).
Noninvasiveversusinvasive pressure–flow relationship of the pulmonary circulation: bias and error (2019)

<b>Exercise echocardiography can provide imprecise but rather accurate and sensitive estimates of pressure–flow relationships of the pulmonary circulation, as compared with RHC under exercise</b>http://bit.ly/2YQIPZ1
Uncertain knowledge (2014)

Rumors have often been neglected as a source of historical research. This paper will introduce the idea of ‘uncertain knowledge’ as a means to understand how people in the past used a variety of different sources to make sense of their environment – including hearsay, vague stories, or gossip. Therefore, in order to capture the productivity of uncertainty for innovation and change, this paper suggests that knowledge be appreciated as a dynamic process oscillating between affirmation and doubt.
A Taylor-made Plug for Wiles' Proof (1995)

(1995). A Taylor-made Plug for Wiles' Proof. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 100-105.
Small RNA-directed epigenetic programming of embryonic stem cell cardiac differentiation (2017)

Microinjection of small noncoding RNAs in one-cell embryos was reported in several instances to result in transcriptional activation of target genes. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved and to explore whether such epigenetic regulations could play a role in early development, we used a cell culture system as close as possible to the embryonic state. We report efficient cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by small non-coding RNAs with sequences of Cdk9, a key player in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Transfer of oligoribonucleotides representing parts of the Cdk9 mRNA into ES and mouse embryo fibroblast cultures resulted in upregulation of transcription. Dependency on Argonaute proteins and endogenous antisense transcripts indicated that the inducer oligoribonucleotides were processed by the RNAi machinery. Upregulation of Cdk9 expression resulted in increased efficiency of cardiac differentiation suggesting a potential tool for stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
X-ray scattering from human breast tissues and breast-equivalent materials (2001)

The angular distributions of photons scattered by human breast tissues (adipose and glandular) and by eight breast-equivalent materials (water, polymethylmethacrylate, nylon, polyethylene and four commercial breast-equivalent materials simulating different glandular-adipose proportions) have been measured at a photon energy of 17.44 keV (Kalpha-radiation of Mo). Transmission target geometry has been used with an acceptance of +/- 0.6 degrees and an uncertainty of approximately 7%. Experimental molecular form factors were extracted from diffraction patterns normalizing the number of scattered photons with theoretical data in regions where no structure is expected. Linear attenuation coefficients have been measured for all samples at this energy. The results for water, polymethylmethacrylate, nylon and adipose tissue agree with former reported data. The results for human breast tissues at low and medium scattering angle (1-25 degrees, corresponding to the momentum transfer region between 0.2 and 3 nm(-1)) differ from the breast-equivalent materials. The results for adipose tissue are similar to the corresponding values from commercial breast-equivalent materials while the results for glandular tissue are similar to those for water.
[Hormonal assessment in a woman with acne and alopecia]. (1992)

Acne, androgenogenetic alopecia, hyperseborrhea and hirsutism may result from hyperandrogenism in women. This may be peripheral "idiopathic" hyperandrogenism due to cutaneous metabolism of steroids, but in some cases hyperandrogenism is due to abnormal production or input of steroids with androgenic activity (hyperplasia, endocrine tumors, cysts, consumption of progestogens or other hormones with androgenic activity, menopause...). An assessment is useful only in cases of acne or alopecia if they are accompanied by other signs of peripheral hyperandrogenism and/or disturbed menstruation. The treatment is based on the administration of an anti-androgen (in France, usually cyproterone acetate), combined with other local or systemic treatments for the problem, depending on the age, dermatological signs and context.
Leveraging a Supervised Machine Learning Toolkit For Better Seismic Processing Quality Control (2019)

Summary Geophysicists are facing great challenges to process increasingly large volumes of seismic data in a faster, better and more reliable way. In order to achieve this, one key element is to be able to perform quality control of processing steps in an effective and efficient manners. In this paper we present two cases where machine learning techniques are used to help speed up the quality control process. The first case describes an application of supervised learning with K-nearest neighbor to identify areas that may potentially cause cycle-skipping in full waveform inversion. The second case uses a logistic regression machine learning approach to detect and classify the presence of rig noise on shot points. Furthermore, we also tested an automated data reduction method using a long short-term memory auto-encoder, that could speed up the algorithm significantly without losing key information in the original data.
Facile Route to 2-Fluoropyridines via 2-Pyridyltrialkylammonium Salts Prepared from Pyridine N-Oxides and Application to 18F-Labeling (2015)

Among known precursors for 2-[(18)F]fluoropyridines, pyridyltrialkylammonium salts have shown excellent reactivity; however, their broader utility has been limited because synthetic methods for their preparation suffer from poor functional group compatibility. In this paper, we demonstrate the regioselective conversion of readily available pyridine N-oxides into 2-pyridyltrialkylammonium salts under mild and metal-free conditions. These isolable intermediates serve as effective precursors to structurally diverse 2-fluoropyridines, including molecules relevant to PET imaging. In addition to providing access to nonradioactive analogues, this method has been successfully applied to (18)F-labeling in the radiosynthesis of [(18)F]AV-1451 ([(18)F]T807), a PET tracer currently under development for imaging tau.
Bit-rate limitations in multi-terabit/sec all-optical waveguide switches (2003)

We demonstrate the effects of increasing bit rate in multi-terabit/sec all–optical switches. Numerical results show that the bit spacing must be approximately eight times the pulse width in order to avoid interactions between adjacent pulses.
Inhibition of two homeotic mutants of Drosophila by 5‐bromodeoxyuridine and fluorouracil (1981)

Nasobemia (Ns) and spineless-aristapedia (ssa40a) are dominant and recessive homeotic mutants of Drosophila which convert parts of the antenna to leg structures. Exposure of Ns and ssa40a larvae to half-lethal concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and flourouracil (FU) together or separately during the presumptive time of gene action suppresses the expressivity and penetrance of the mutants.
EFFECTS OF NICARAVEN ON NITRIC OXIDE-RELATED PATHWAYS AND IN SHOCK AND INFLAMMATION (2000)

Expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and the formation of peroxynitrite from NO and superoxide are responsible for some of the pathophysiological alterations seen during reperfusion injury and in various inflammatory conditions. Some of the effects of peroxynitrite are related to DNA single-strand breakage, and activation of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase. Here we investigated the effect of nicaraven (2(R,S)-1,2-bis(nicotinamido)propane), a known hydroxyl radical scavenger compound and neuroprotective agent, on several NO- and peroxynitrite related pathways in vitro, and in shock and inflammation in vivo. Nicaraven, at 10 microM-10 mM, failed to inhibit the peroxynitrite-induced oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, indicating that the agent does not act as a scavenger of peroxynitrite. In RAW murine macrophages stimulated with peroxynitrite, nicaraven caused a dose-dependent, slight inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activation, possibly due to a direct inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase. Nicaraven partially protected against the peroxynitrite-induced suppression of mitochondrial respiration in RAW macrophages and caused a slight, dose-dependent inhibition of nitrite production in RAW macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. We next investigated the effect of nicaraven treatment in a variety of models of inflammation and reperfusion injury. Nicaraven (at 10-100 microg/paw) exerted significant protective effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and (at 100 mg/kg i.v.) reduced neutrophil infiltration and histological damage in splanchnic artery occlusion-reperfusion injury. However, nicaraven failed to alter the course of hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock and arthritis in rodent models. The current data indicate the limited role of hydroxyl radicals in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory conditions tested.