gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Bragg Reflector Silicon Evanescent Laser (2008)

We report a distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser operating continuous wave at 1596 nm. The lasing threshold and maximum output power are 65 mA and 11 mW, respectively. The device generates open eye-diagrams under direct modulation at data rates up to 4 Gb/s.
Maternal High-Fat Diet Worsens Memory Deficits in the Triple-Transgenic (3xTgAD) Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not normally diagnosed until later in life, although evidence suggests that the disease starts at a much earlier age. Risk factors for AD, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, are known to have their affects during mid-life, though events very early in life, including maternal over-nutrition, can predispose offspring to develop these conditions. This study tested whether over-nutrition during pregnancy and lactation affected the development of AD in offspring, using a transgenic AD mouse model. Female triple-transgenic AD dam mice (3xTgAD) were exposed to a high-fat (60% energy from fat) or control diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning (at 3 weeks of age), female offspring were placed on a control diet and monitored up until 12 months of age during which time behavioural tests were performed. A transient increase in body weight was observed in 4-week-old offspring 3xTgAD mice from dams fed a high-fat diet. However, by 5 weeks of age the body weight of 3xTgAD mice from the maternal high-fat fed group was no different when compared to control-fed mice. A maternal high-fat diet led to a significant impairment in memory in 2- and 12-month-old 3xTgAD offspring mice when compared to offspring from control fed dams. These effects of a maternal high-fat diet on memory were accompanied by a significant increase (50%) in the number of tau positive neurones in the hippocampus. These data demonstrate that a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation increases memory impairments in female 3xTgAD mice and suggest that early life events during development might influence the onset and progression of AD later in life.
Interaction between oral contraceptives and other drugs. (1980)

SIR,-In response to Dr Cargill's inquiry, we did not study the effects of corticosteroids on survival in our review of 1316 cases of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.
Long-range automatic precision displacement measuring of winding system using double timing belt transmission (2019)

The winding system has a long travel range, often reaching several meters or even hundreds of meters. Conventional long-range displacement measuring methods have a large measurement error and are difficult to realize bidirectional measuring. An innovative long-range automatic displacement measuring method and device of winding system is proposed and designed, which uses double timing belt transmission pairs as precise clamping conveyer. By analyzing the displacement error of linear transmission caused by the polygon effect of trapezoid tooth and circular arc tooth, this paper proposes to use circular arc tooth timing belt to reduce the measurement error. Double rotary encoders are used to measure the displacement simultaneously, which can effectively reduce the measurement error caused by the slippage of the timing belt transmission. The proposed method and device has been used successfully in cable displacement measurement of trailing cone automatic retracting and releasing system for air static pressure measurement in aircraft test flight. The experimental results show that the proposed method is correct and feasible, and the displacement measurement error is less than 0.5%.
From snoRNA to miRNA: Dual function regulatory non-coding RNAs (2011)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are an ancient class of small non-coding RNAs present in all eukaryotes and a subset of archaea that carry out a fundamental role in the modification and processing of ribosomal RNA. In recent years, however, a large proportion of snoRNAs have been found to be further processed into smaller molecules, some of which display different functionality. In parallel, several studies have uncovered extensive similarities between snoRNAs and other types of small non-coding RNAs, and in particular microRNAs. Here, we explore the extent of the relationship between these types of non-coding RNA and the possible underlying evolutionary forces that shaped this subset of the current non-coding RNA landscape.
Molecular-dynamics simulation of diffusion of small penetrants in polymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular-dynamics simulation of diffusion of small penetrants in polymersP. V. Krishna Pant and Richard H. BoydCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4, 679–686Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00056a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00056a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1504Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Finite Element Modelling of Cutting Forces in Drilling Fibre Metal Laminates and Experimental Hole Quality Analysis (2016)

Machining Glass fibre aluminium reinforced epoxy (GLARE) is cumbersome due to distinctively different mechanical and thermal properties of its constituents, which makes it challenging to achieve damage-free holes with the acceptable surface quality. The proposed work focuses on the study of the machinability of thin (~2.5 mm) GLARE laminate. Drilling trials were conducted to analyse the effect of feed rate and spindle speed on the cutting forces and hole quality. The resulting hole quality metrics (surface roughness, hole size, circularity error, burr formation and delamination) were assessed using surface profilometry and optical scanning techniques. A three dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) model of drilling GLARE laminate was also developed using ABAQUS/Explicit to help understand the mechanism of drilling GLARE. The homogenised ply-level response of GLARE laminate was considered in the FE model to predict cutting forces in the drilling process.
Credit default swaps – Financial innovation or financial dysfunction? (2010)

Credit CDS contracts were originally designed to transfer and disperse default risk within the capital markets to strengthen the resilience of financial institutions. The Global Financial Crisis has revealed that CDS contracts may not in fact achieve these objectives and may in fact increase the leverage within the system and also increase systemic risks in other ways. Documentary complexity, counterparty risk and increased concentration risk, brought about by CDS contracts, have contributed to the crisis and made it difficult to deal with key issues. CDS contracts may be presented as an important financial innovation, but actually are a major financial dysfunction and a cause of risk within financial system under certain circumstances.
Microglia heterogeneity along a spatio–temporal axis: More questions than answers (2018)

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system; they arise during early embryonic development and persist throughout adulthood. These unique cells provide developmental support, contribute to adult brain homeostasis and impart immune protection during infection. Dysregulated microglia are implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer disease, and as such, a better understanding of their regulation and function is required for rational therapeutic design. Recent studies have highlighted the various heterogeneous aspects of microglia, such as their wide differentiation spectrum from early embryogenesis to adulthood, their location in different brain regions and their responses to ageing, infection and inflammation. In this review, we discuss microglial heterogeneity in time and space and highlight the remaining questions arising from such heterogeneity.
Brown Adipose Tissue: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Tissue and Cultured Adipocytes (1987)

The ultrastructure of rat brown adipose tissue (BAT) and of adipocytes cultured from BAT were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Brown adipocytes in the intact tissue were arranged in lobules with bundles of collagen among them; within each lobule 20- to 40-microns-large adipocytes were packed together. Fibers of reticular collagen enveloped each adipocyte and also connected each cell to vessels and nerves. At the adipocyte surface rounded protrusions were present, which corresponded to the BAT-typical multivacuolar lipid depot. Gradual digestion of the stroma with collagenase disclosed a more delicate, felt-like cover surrounding each adipocyte, probably representing the external lamina of the cell. Complete digestion of the stroma showed a smooth plasmalemma with occasional roundish blebs which varied in size. Cultured (24 h) brown adipocytes from the stromal-vascular fraction of BAT were elongated or polygonal in shape, with a flattened, central nucleus and a number of spherical cytoplasmatic inclusions which have the same dimension and location as lipid droplets. These inclusions were arranged either at cellular poles or around the nucleus; this suggests that brown adipocytes with mature features were present in the culture. Pictures suggesting the detachment of lipid droplets from the cell body were also visible. Lipid droplet extrusion could be a complementary mechanism which might explain the rapid delipidation of brown adipocytes in culture.
Shock-Absorbing and Failure Mechanisms of WS2 and MoS2 Nanoparticles with Fullerene-like Structures under Shock Wave Pressure (2005)

The excellent shock-absorbing performance of WS2 and MoS2 nanoparticles with inorganic fullerene-like structures (IFs) under very high shock wave pressures of 25 GPa is described. The combined techniques of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to evaluate the diverse, intriguing features of shock recovered IFs, of interest for their tribological applications, thereby allowing improved understanding of their antishock behavior and structure-property relationships. Two possible failure mechanisms are proposed and discussed. The supershock-absorbing ability of the IF-WS2 enables them to survive pressures up to 25 GPa accompanied with concurrent temperatures of up to 1000 degrees C without any significant structural degradation or phase change making them probably the strongest cage molecules now known.
Electric Field-Induced Permittivity Enhancement in Negative-Capacitance FET (2021)

Measurements on ultrathin body negative-capacitance (NC) field-effect transistors are shown to display subthreshold behaviors that cannot be explained as a classical MOSFET. Subthreshold swing (SS) at low drain bias decreases with increased gate bias for devices measured over multiple gate lengths down to 30 nm. In addition, improvement in the SS relative to control devices shows a nonmonotonic dependence on the gate length. Using a Landau-Khalatnikov ferroelectric (FE) model calibrated with measured Capacitance-Voltage and combining it with TCAD simulations, we show that these anomalous behaviors can be quantitatively explained and interpreted as field-induced permittivity enhancement. The model predicts substantial scaling improvement at the end of the roadmap.
THE MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDY OF KRIM-SAGHYZ (Taraxacum hybernum Steven) USING SSR, RAPD AND ISSR MARKERS (2018)

Krim-saghyz (Taraxacum hybernum Steven) is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis as a source of natural rubber. In Russia, krim-saghyz is common only in the Crimean Peninsula and is traditionally named after it. In spite of its potential for economical use, the genetic structure of the Crimean population of this plant is still unexplored. In this regard, the purpose of our work was a comparative molecular-genetic characterization of T. hybernum from various habitats of the Crimean Peninsula using SSR, RAPD and ISSR markers. According to the plan, we collected achenes, leaves and roots of krim-saghyz in 10 spots all over the Crimean Peninsula. We found the plants in the western part of the southern Crimean coast and the western part of the Crimean foothills, which are two general regions of the area of this species. Total DNA was extracted from dry leaves of krim-saghyz with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). For the first time 12 SSR, 3 RAPD and 3 ISSR markers were tested on krim-saghyz. To observe polymorphism of RAPD- and ISSR-fragments, we used analytical electrophoresis in 1.7 % agarose gel. To compare the length of SSR amplicons, we used gel-electrophoresis in 8 % polyacrylamide gel. We found that the Crimean population of krim-saghyz appears to be genetically homogeneous. This could be due to a small geographic range and apomictic reproduction of this species. However, the phenotypical diversity within the population of T. hybernum is well known from the literature. Consequently, the study of the DNA polymorphism of this species should be continued, in particular, with the help of high-resolution techniques.
Random Overlapping Communities: Approximating Motif Densities of Large Graphs (2017)

A wide variety of complex networks (social, biological, information etc.) exhibit local clustering with substantial variation in the clustering coefficient (the probability of neighbors being connected). Existing models of large graphs capture power law degree distributions (Barabási-Albert) and small-world properties (Watts-Strogatz), but only limited clustering behavior. We introduce a generalization of the classical Erdős-Rényi model of random graphs which provably achieves a wide range of desired clustering coefficient, triangle-to-edge and four-cycle-to-edge ratios for any given graph size and edge density. Rather than choosing edges independently at random, in the Random Overlapping Communities model, a graph is generated by choosing a set of random, relatively dense subgraphs ("communities"). We discuss the explanatory power of the model and some of its consequences.
T Cell-Intrinsic Expression of c-Rel Regulates Th1 Cell Responses Essential for Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii (2004)

The ability of many microbial and inflammatory stimuli to activate members of the Rel/NF-kappaB family of transcription factors is associated with the regulation of innate and adaptive responses required to control infection. Individual family members play distinct roles during different infectious and inflammatory responses. For example, c-Rel is essential for the production of IL-12 in response to LPS, but dispensable for IL-12 production in response to Toxoplasma Ag. To assess the role of c-Rel during immunity to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, wild-type (WT) and c-Rel(-/-) mice were infected with Toxoplasma and the immune response was analyzed. c-Rel(-/-) mice developed severe toxoplasmic encephalitis with increased numbers of parasites compared with WT controls and succumbed to infection within 5-8 wk. Although increased susceptibility of c-Rel(-/-) mice was associated with decreased T cell activation, proliferation, and production of IFN-gamma, these mice were able to generate Th1 effector cells that were present in the brain during chronic infection. In vitro mixing studies using WT and c-Rel(-/-) dendritic cells and WT and c-Rel(-/-) TCR transgenic T cells indicated that c-Rel(-/-) dendritic cells are defective in their ability to stimulate T cell responses. However, when c-Rel(-/-) T cells were transferred into T cell-deficient hosts, early defects in T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-gamma production persisted, and these mice remained susceptible to infection. Together, these studies indicate that although c-Rel is an important regulator of innate immune responses, it also plays an important role in optimization and maintenance of adaptive T cell responses during infection.
Flavinyl peptides. III. Studies of intramolecular interactions in flavinyl aromatic amino acids by proton magnetic resonance (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavinyl peptides. III. Studies of intramolecular interactions in flavinyl aromatic amino acids by proton magnetic resonanceWerner Foery, Robert E. MacKenzie, Felicia Ying-Hsiueh Wu, and Donald B. McCormickCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 3, 515–525Publication Date (Print):February 3, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00805a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00805a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A fast, high-order solver for the Grad-Shafranov equation (2012)

We present a new fast solver to calculate fixed-boundary plasma equilibria in toroidally axisymmetric geometries. By combining conformal mapping with Fourier and integral equation methods on the unit disk, we show that high-order accuracy can be achieved for the solution of the equilibrium equation and its first and second derivatives. Smooth arbitrary plasma cross-sections as well as arbitrary pressure and poloidal current profiles are used as initial data for the solver. Equilibria with large Shafranov shifts can be computed without difficulty. Spectral convergence is demonstrated by comparing the numerical solution with a known exact analytic solution. A fusion-relevant example of an equilibrium with a pressure pedestal is also presented.
Fluorinated polyimide waveguides with low polarization-dependent loss and their applications to thermooptic switches (1998)

Fluorinated polyimide waveguides with low polarization dependent loss (PDL) and thermooptic (TO) switches made from them were demonstrated. The waveguides showed loss of less than 0.3 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m and 0.6 dB/cm at 1.55 /spl mu/m for both TE and TM polarizations. The PDL's were less than 0.1 dB/cm. Extinction ratios of Y-branching-type TO switches fabricated from these waveguides were larger than 20 dB when over 160 mW of electric power was applied at 1.3 /spl mu/m, and over 150 mW at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The switching speed was faster than 8 ms.
Human Thymic Epithelial Cell Cultures (2003)

The thymus is a very complex organ that regulates T-cell production Thymocytes (immature T-cells) constitute by far the largest cellular population in the organ (several billions of thymocytes in a child's thymus), but small numbers of other hematopoietic cells are found in the intrathymic microenvironment, such as thymic monocytes, macrophages, interdigitating dendritic cells, and B-cells Stromal cells of nonhematopoietic origm comprise thymic epithelial cells (TEC) organized in a network throughout the organ, thymic fibioblasts of the capsule and interlobular septae, and endothelial cells of the thymic vasculature The proportion of these thymic cellular components varies with age (1). Fat infiltration becomes significant at puberty and increases throughout adulthood. Intrathymic T-cell maturation is supported in part by TEC, which express cell-surface molecules interacting with counterreceptors on the maturing thymocytes (2-4) Importantly, TEC induce positive selection and major histocompatibility complex restriction of T-cells (5) In vitro studies have shown that TEC produce numerous cytokines (4, 6, 7), which may directly and/or indirectly contribute to T-cell maturation. Reciprocally, TEC functions are affected by interactions with T-cells (t4, 8). Monolayer cultures of TEC provide in vitro systems to study the biology of TEC (2-7) However, investigators should be aware that monolayer cultures may not be representative of a three-dimensionally structured TEC network, and the function of isolated cells may differ from that of cells in the midst of a complex environment One method to obtain highly purified monolayer cultures of human TEC is described here Nontransformed human TEC can be propagated and passaged up to six times before cells become senescent. Careful "budgeting" of the cell stocks by freezing early passages can provide a long-lasting supply of purified TEC strains with determined purity.