gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (1992)

All tissues of the joint are affected in some way in osteoarthritis because the joint is an interactively functioning unit. Our goal was to investigate the combined responses of articular cartilage and subchondral bone to altered loading conditions to improve our understanding of the physiology of these two components and, ultimately, the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. A group of 20 female beagle dogs were divided pairwise into runners (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). The running training on a treadmill started at the age of 15 weeks, and during the following 40 weeks the running distance was gradually increased to 40 km/day with a 15 degree uphill inclination. With this daily running distance the beagles ran another 15 weeks. The samples for histology were taken from 11 different locations of the knee joint. Subchondral bone and articular cartilage histomorphometry was carried out in three different regions of the specimens (central, middle, and peripheral regions) using an image-analyzing system and an eyepiece graticule. In all regions of the articular cartilage, both the uncalcified and calcified cartilage showed slightly increased thickness in the runner dogs. The change was more evident in the peripheral and the central areas. The thickness of the subchondral bone plate tended to be higher in runners, too. Bone histomorphometric parameters showed significant signs of increased remodeling. The most notable change was the enlargement of the bone formation surface. The most intense remodeling was usually observed either centrally or peripherally in the articular surface. The strongest increase in trabecular bone volume and thickness of the cartilage was recorded in the femoropatellar area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antifungal activity of synthetic naphthoquinones against dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi: preliminary mechanism-of-action tests (2014)

This study evaluated the antifungal activities of synthetic naphthoquinones against opportunistic and dermatophytic fungi and their preliminary mechanisms of action. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four synthetic naphthoquinones for 89 microorganisms, including opportunistic yeast agents, dermatophytes and opportunistic filamentous fungi, were determined. The compound that exhibited the best activity was assessed for its action against the cell wall (sorbitol test), for interference associated with ergosterol interaction, for osmotic balance (K+ efflux) and for membrane leakage of substances that absorb at the wavelength of 260 nm. All tested naphthoquinones exhibited antifungal activity, and compound IVS320 (3a,10b-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta [b] naphtho [2,3-d] furan-5,10-dione)-dione) demonstrated the lowest MICs across the tested species. The MIC of IVS320 was particularly low for dermatophytes (values ranging from 5-28 μg/mL) and Cryptococcus spp. (3-5 μg/mL). In preliminary mechanism-of-action tests, IVS320 did not alter the fungal cell wall but did cause problems in terms of cell membrane permeability (efflux of K+ and leakage of substances that absorb at 260 nm). This last effect was unrelated to ergosterol interactions with the membrane.
Plaque inhibition by antibacterial dentifrices (1970)

Abstract— The plaque‐inhibiting effect of three commercial toothpastes and three test toothpastes was tested in a series of clinical trials. Cap splint applicators were used to avoid the effect of toothbrushing and the test persons teeth were rinsed with sucrose during the experimental periods to provoke plaque formation. Two of the test dentifrices which contained chlorhexidine digluconate (0.6 % and 0.8 % respectively) reduced plaque formation. In some individuals a certain plaque inhibition was observed also by the commercial dentifrices tested. The chlorhexidine‐containing toothpastes showed stronger antibacterial activity against salivary bacteria in vitro than the commercial dentifrices. It is concluded that the method used for testing the plaque‐inhibiting effect of dentifrices may be useful, and that it is possible to maintain the plaque‐inhibiting effect of chlorhexidine previously described in several mouthrinse experiments when a toothpaste is used as a vehicle for the agent.
Large area 3d reconstructions from underwater surveys (2005)

Robotic underwater vehicles can perform vast optical surveys of the ocean floor. Scientists value these surveys since optical images offer high levels of information and are easily interpreted by humans. Unfortunately the coverage of a single image is limited by absorption and backscatter while what is needed is an overall view of the survey area. Recent work on underwater mosaics assume planar scenes and are applicable only to situations without much relief. We present a complete and validated system for processing optical images acquired from an underwater robotic vehicle to form a 3D reconstruction of the ocean floor. Our approach is designed for the most general conditions of wide-baseline imagery (low overlap and presence of significant 3D structure) and scales to hundreds of images. We only assume a calibrated camera system and a vehicle with uncertain and possibly drifting pose information (e.g. a compass, depth sensor and a Doppler velocity log). Our approach is based on a combination of techniques from computer vision, photogrammetry and robotics. We use a local to global approach to structure from motion, aided by the navigation sensors on the vehicle to generate 3D submaps. These submaps are then placed in a common reference frame that is refined by matching overlapping submaps. The final stage of processing is a bundle adjustment that provides the 3D structure, camera poses and uncertainty estimates in a consistent reference frame. We present results with ground-truth for structure as well as results from an oceanographic survey over a coral reef covering an area of approximately one hundred square meters.
Production of monocytic cells from bone marrow stem cells: therapeutic usage in Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

Accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) is a major hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bone marrow derived monocytic cells (BMM) have been shown to reduce Aβ burden in mouse models of AD, alleviating the AD pathology. BMM have been shown to be more efficient phagocytes in AD than the endogenous brain microglia. Because BMM have a natural tendency to infiltrate into the injured area, they could be regarded as optimal candidates for cell-based therapy in AD. In this study, we describe a method to obtain monocytic cells from BM-derived haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Mouse or human HSC were isolated and differentiated in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). The cells were characterized by assessing the expression profile of monocyte markers and cytokine response to inflammatory stimulus. The phagocytic capacity was determined with Aβ uptake assay in vitro and Aβ degradation assay of natively formed Aβ deposits ex vivo and in a transgenic APdE9 mouse model of AD in vivo. HSC were lentivirally transduced with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to determine the effect of gene modification on the potential of HSC-derived cells for therapeutic purposes. HSC-derived monocytic cells (HSCM) displayed inflammatory responses comparable to microglia and peripheral monocytes. We also show that HSCM contributed to Aβ reduction and could be genetically modified without compromising their function. These monocytic cells could be obtained from human BM or mobilized peripheral blood HSC, indicating a potential therapeutic relevance for AD.
A modeling-based approach to optimize COVID-19 vaccine dosing schedules for improved protection (2022)

While the development of different vaccines has slowed the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, the occurrence of breakthrough infections continues to fuel the pandemic. As a strategy to secure at least partial protection, with a single dose of a given COVID-19 vaccine to maximum possible fraction of the population, <i>delayed</i> administration of subsequent doses (or boosters) has been implemented in many countries. However, waning immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that such measures may jeopardize the attainment of herd immunity due to intermittent lapses in protection. Optimizing vaccine dosing schedules could thus make the difference between periodic occurrence of breakthrough infections or effective control of the pandemic. To this end, we have developed a mechanistic mathematical model of adaptive immune response to vaccines and demonstrated its applicability to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as a proof-of-concept for future outbreaks. The model was thoroughly calibrated against multiple clinical datasets involving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised subjects (cancer patients undergoing therapy); the model showed robust clinical validation by accurately predicting neutralizing antibody kinetics, a correlate of vaccine-induced protection, in response to multiple doses of mRNA vaccines. Importantly, we estimated population vulnerability to breakthrough infections and predicted tailored vaccination dosing schedules to maximize protection and thus minimize breakthrough infections, based on the immune status of a sub-population. We have identified a critical waiting window for cancer patients (or, immunocompromised subjects) to allow recovery of the immune system (particularly CD4+ T-cells) for effective differentiation of B-cells to produce neutralizing antibodies and thus achieve optimal vaccine efficacy against variants of concern, especially between the first and second doses. Also, we have obtained optimized dosing schedules for subsequent doses in healthy and immunocompromised subjects, which vary from the CDC-recommended schedules, to minimize breakthrough infections. The developed modeling tool is based on generalized adaptive immune response to antigens and can thus be leveraged to guide vaccine dosing schedules during future outbreaks.
IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal (2019)

Currently, the momentum toward full propulsion-system electrification is strong, and, along with an emphasis on renewable energy sources, a CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -neutral passenger-vehicle future is more promising than ever. The best BEVs today are great vehicles for those willing to pay extra, willing to plan trips, and expecting to have more than one vehicle in the household. However, to make the BEVs replacements for today's ICE-powered vehicles for non-BEV enthusiasts, they must be better vehicles that offer better ownership experiences. GM, with its partners, is dedicated to developing the next generation of industry -leading BEVs and user -interfacing technologies to trigger the BEV tipping point. This is a large task, but GM has the talent, technology, and ambition to create a safer, better, more-sustainable future with zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion.
Professionalism in medicine and hyposkillia. (2014)

Commitment to the highest standards of excellence both in practice of medicine and in knowledge generation and dissemination form the cornerstones of “professionalism” [1]. Recently, a surge in medical professionalism has emerged reflecting the conflicts of interests regarding commercialization of healthcare and its influence on medical practice. The current issue of the Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics (SJP) highlights this in a Review Article which gives an account on the definition of “professionalism”, why is it important to teach professionalism in medical schools and a road map to do that. Nevertheless, with societal changing values, deficiencies in medical education and training resulted in deficiency of clinical skills required to deliver adequate health care, a phenomenon recently known as “hyposkillia”. In a special communication, Dr Khalifa A. Adam, one of the pioneer paediatricians both in Sudan and Saudi Arabia, addresses this sign of a sagging medical profession. The article emphasizes that teaching of medicine must be patient-centered and medical schools and teaching hospitals are expected to instill value in teaching basic clinical skills.
Clark County Cultural Site Stewardship Program: Final Project Report (2007)

Cooperative Conservation: Increasing Capacity through Community Partnerships – Cultural Site Stewardship Program is a Round 4 Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act (SNPLMA)- funded project implemented by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Public Lands Institute on behalf of and in cooperation with four Federal agencies. This project resulted in the design, development, and implementation of an Interagency Cultural Site Stewardship Program. The program: Was recognized with Department of the Interior Cooperative Conservation Service Award (2007). Was modeled after the successful Arizona Site Steward Program developed and implemented with the following components: ─ recruitment activities ─ required classroom and field training and optional courses ─ recognition events ─ volunteer service totaling 10,929 hours by 288 Cultural Site Stewards and seven regional coordinators who identified, documented, and reported 94 significant impacts and 200 lesser impacts Developed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) describing recruitment, training, recognition, and retention of volunteers, site steward operations, relevant laws, and a protocol for interfacing with law enforcement personnel. Conducted research on the viability of establishing a certificate program for cultural site stewards. Developed, distributed, and analyzed training program effectiveness survey. Designed, developed and implemented a hybrid relational database for the Cultural Site Stewardship Program. Built and maintained relationships with the public through: ─ outreach activities at community events ─ membership and participation in professional societies ─ multiple formal and informal presentations ─ timely response to inquiries through telephone, electronic, and mail correspondence
Near field and far field characterization of resonant nanoparticles arrays for Raman spectroscopy: experiments and simulations (2003)

International audience
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL APPROACH TO ASSESS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBCUTANEOUS OR INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND ASSOCIATED PARENTERAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS (2011)

There has been a significant increase in the number of injectable pharmaceutical products over the last decade that have been incorporated into unique delivery systems such as pen injectors, auto-injectors, or pre-filled syringes. The advancement of these delivery systems and the paradigm shift towards administration of injectables in the out-of-hospital or home setting have introduced variables that can affect the bioavailability of injectable drugs and potential pharmacologic outcomes. An approach that allows for the qualitative and quantitative dispersion assessment of an injectable at the moment of tissue deposition coupled with an assessment of systemic exposure parameters could provide substantial information to researchers developing new injectable formulations and associated delivery systems. The overall goal of this research project was to develop an approach for investigating various injection dynamics, more specifically, dispersion dynamics associated with the administration of parenteral pharmaceutical products utilizing delivery technologies designed to deliver drug below the dermis. This was accomplished by first evaluating the safety and usability of computed tomography (CT) scanning as a novel radioimaging approach to assess qualitative and quantitative dispersion parameters in a cadaver study followed by a randomized, controlled, clinical study to assess CT tissue dispersion and the systemic exposure of iohexol, administered subcutaneously by two delivery systems in human volunteers. The primary finding of this work was the demonstration that CT scanning may be combined with a systemic exposure assessment to provide an effective paradigm for investigating dynamics of injectable delivery impacted by a variety of factors, including the choice of delivery system. In this study, iohexol delivered subcutaneously by an auto-injector resulted in notable qualitative and quantitative dispersion differences, including a higher rate of iohexol loss from the extravascular tissue, as well as differences in early plasma exposure as compared to a pre-filled syringe delivery system. The injections and CT scanning were well tolerated with adverse events limited to mild injection site reactions resolving without intervention. This research resulted in a novel local in-vivo(extravascular disappearance), systemic in-vivo(intravascular appearance) correlation approach that could be utilized to assess a wide variety of dynamics associated with injectable drug delivery below the dermis.
Focusing of Ion Beams by Using a Capillary (2009)

A ruby capillary which is available as an industrial product for the wire bonding machines for the microelectronics has been adopted to focus ion beams passively for the first time. An Ar+ ion beam with a beam current density of 3×10-6 A•cm-2 at an energy of 4 keV has been found to penetrate steadily the ruby capillary and the behavior of the beam through the capillary has been investigated in details. It has been also found that a large amount of secondary electrons are generated when the ion beam hits the capillary and a negative bias should be applied to the Faraday cup to measure the ion beam current through the capillary though the positive ion beam is to be measured.
Factors limiting vocal-tract length discrimination in cochlear implant simulations (2015)

Perception of voice characteristics allows normal hearing listeners to identify the gender of a speaker, and to better segregate speakers from each other in cocktail party situations. This benefit is largely driven by the perception of two vocal characteristics of the speaker: The fundamental frequency (F0) and the vocal-tract length (VTL). Previous studies have suggested that cochlear implant (CI) users have difficulties in perceiving these cues. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible causes for limited sensitivity to VTL differences in CI users. Different acoustic simulations of CI stimulation were implemented to characterize the role of spectral resolution on VTL, both in terms of number of channels and amount of channel interaction. The results indicate that with 12 channels, channel interaction caused by current spread is likely to prevent CI users from perceiving VTL differences typically found between male and female speakers.
Identification of Chordless Cycles in Ecological Networks (2013)

In the last few years the studies on complex networks have gained extensive research interests. Significant impacts are made by these studies on a wide range of different areas including social networks, technology networks, biological networks and others. Motivated by understanding the structure of ecological networks we introduce in this paper a new algorithm for enumerating all chordless cycles. The proposed algorithm is a recursive one based on the depth-first search.
Discovery of sulfonamide-tethered isatin derivatives as novel anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors (2023)

In this work, new isatin-based sulphonamides (<b>6a-i</b>, <b>11a-c</b>, <b>12a-c</b>) were designed and synthesised as potential dual VEGFR-2 and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Firstly, all target isatins were examined for <i>in vitro</i> antitumor action on NCI-USA panel (58 tumour cell lines). Then, the most potent derivatives were examined for the potential CA inhibitory action towards the physiologically relevant hCA isoforms I, II, and tumour-linked <i>h</i>CA IX isoform, in addition, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity was evaluated. The target sulphonamides failed to inhibit the CA isoforms that could be attributable to the steric effect of the neighbouring methoxy group, whereas they displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect. Following that, isatins <b>11b</b> and <b>12b</b> were tested for their influence on the cell cycle disturbance, and towards the apoptotic potential. Finally, detailed molecular modelling analyses, including docking and molecular dynamics, were carried out to assess the binding mode and stability of target isatins.
Role of radiation and surface plasmon in optical interactions between nano-objects on metal surface (2007)

It was recently suggested that both radiation and surface plasmon participate in optical interactions between nano-objects on metal surface. We investigate their individual contributions and demonstrate the substantial role of radiation for nano-objects with subwavelength-spacing.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Acidic and Basic Vapors on Pore Size Distribution of Alumina Under Hydrothermal Conditions. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) as bioindicators of environmental pressure: A karstic river case (2021)

Ciliates are single celled eukaryotes recognized as key players in the microbial loop of aquatic ecosystems. The present study was carried out on the Krka River (Croatia), a karst freshwater ecosystem characterized by tufa barriers, biomineralization and highly diverse aquatic communities. The main aims of the study were to investigate ciliate community structure in the biofilm (i.e. periphyton) samples collected from light- and dark-exposed lithified tufa/stones. Furthermore, by establishing links between ciliate community patterns and environmental parameters, we aimed to assess the bioindicator potential of specific ciliate taxa for environmental monitoring of freshwater habitats. The periphyton sampling was performed at four representative sites of the river source, upstream, middle and downstream river sections. Ciliate community was investigated via traditional microscopy analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding (Illumina sequencing of the hypervariable V9-region of the SSU rRNA gene). The molecular approach recorded a substantially higher number of ciliate taxa, most of which taxonomically belonging to genera typically occurring in tufa barriers. The results from microscopy analyses did not show any links between ciliate community structure and sampling location. However, eDNA approach indicated significant differences among the sampling locations regarding the ciliate community structure. Thereby, hydrological parameters and saprobiological classification of the sampling sites were the main structuring factors for ciliate community. The coupling of eDNA metabarcoding with the morphological approach provides a robust, in-depth analytical system in elucidating the bioindicator potential of ciliated protists.
Participation & transfer of learning between tertiary mathematics, science, and engineering education (2013)

Transfer of mathematical learning is critically important in science education and learning as mathematical knowledge and skills are applied into diverse disciplines. However, little research on transfer of tertiary mathematical learning has been conducted despite its importance. This study conducts mixed methods naturalistic inquiry to investigate transferability of mathematics from various angles using a range of research methodologies (secondary data analysis, case studies and a Delphi study) and variables within natural settings and processes of university education. The study will further extensively examine the relationship between students’ educational, socio-economic, demographic and cultural backgrounds and the transferability of mathematics from first year service courses. Preliminary findings on background information of undergraduate students studying these courses are reported.