gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energetics of CO2 Adsorption on Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Related Mixed Metal Oxides (2014)

Energetics of CO2 uptake by layered double hydroxides (LDH) of Mg and Al and their corresponding mixed metal oxides (MMO) of two different compositions (Mg/Al = 2:1 and 3:1) were investigated by gas adsorption calorimetry. The initial adsorption enthalpies for all the LDH and MMO are similar and in the range −90 to −120 kJ/mol, indicating strong chemisorption of CO2. However, the differential adsorption enthalpy varies substantially with increasing coverage for different samples. LDH prepared by coprecipitation (both Mg/Al = 2 and 3) and their corresponding MMO exhibit similar CO2 uptake, which are in the working sorption capacity range (0.6–1 mmol/g), but the one prepared by urea hydrolysis shows poor sorption capacity (0.02–0.35 mmol/g). An integral enthalpy of adsorption of −54 kJ/mol was observed for [Mg–Al–CO3] LDH prepared by urea hydrolysis and −59 kJ/mol and −57 kJ/mol for the ones prepared by coprecipitation with composition 3:1 and 2:1, respectively. Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy measurements of samples after CO2 uptake aid in identifying the mode of binding of adsorbed carbonate, which gives information about strength of basic sites. The presence of monodentate carbonate in all samples suggests that strong basic sites are available in LDH and MMO, in agreement with the large exothermic initial adsorption enthalpies observed, indicating strong chemisorption.
Investigation of thin film solar cells based on Cu2S and ternary compounds such as CuInS2 (1975)

Production and characterization in thin film form of Cu2S and related Cu compounds such as CuInS2 for photovoltaic cells are examined. The low cost process technology being reported, namely the sulfurization method, is capable of producing films on various substrates. Cathodoluminescence is being used as a diagnostic tool to identify Cu(x)S and CuInS2 compounds. Also, single crystals of CuInS2 are being prepared and it is contemplated that p-n junctions will be made in such crystals.
THz propagation in hybrid hollow core fibers with metal wires inclusion (2013)

The technologies emerging from Terahertz (THz) research have attracted many previously unexplored areas, such as the characterization of negative index materials. Recently, the progress with THz waveguides results in potential of not only flexible THz guiding but also for THz sensing. The variety of THz waveguides made of metals [1] and dielectrics as well as THz photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [2,3] reported low-loss, low-dispersion THz waveguiding characteristics. We present a new design of THz fiber with metal wires inclusion that enables low loss and low dispersion THz guidance in an essentially air-core region. The fibers are constructed from the PCF fabrication technology, eliminating altogether the mounting complexity of the bare metal wires [4].
Strong mechanically induced effects in DC current-biased suspended Josephson junctions (2018)

Superconductivity is a result of quantum coherence at macroscopic scales. Two superconductors separated by a metallic or insulating weak link exhibit the AC Josephson effect: the conversion of a DC voltage bias into an AC supercurrent. This current may be used to activate mechanical oscillations in a suspended weak link. As the DC-voltage bias condition is remarkably difficult to achieve in experiments, here we analyze theoretically how the Josephson effect can be exploited to activate and detect mechanical oscillations in the experimentally relevant condition with purely DC current bias. We unveil how changing the strength of the electromechanical coupling results in two qualitatively different regimes showing dramatic effects of the oscillations on the DC-voltage characteristic of the device. These include the appearance of Shapiro-type plateaus for weak coupling and a sudden mechanically induced retrapping for strong coupling. Our predictions, measurable in state-of-the-art experimental setups, allow the determination of the frequency and quality factor of the resonator using DC only techniques.
Studies of dished accelerator grids for 30-cm ion thrusters (1973)

Geometrically different sets of dished accelerator grids were tested on five 30-cm thrusters. The geometric variation of the grids included the grid-to-grid spacing, the screen and accelerator hole diameters and thicknesses, the screen and accelerator open area fractions, ratio of dish depth to the dish diameter, compensation, and aperture shape. In general, the data taken over a range of beam currents for each grid set included the minimum total accelerating voltage required to extract a given beam current and the minimum accelerator grid voltage required to prevent electron backstreaming.
DFT Study on the Radical Anions Formed by Primaquine and Its Derivatives (2011)

The electron affinities (EA) of the 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug primaquine and several of its metabolites were studied using the density functional theory method. We first considered six substituents at the 5-position, -CH(3), -OH, -OCH(3), -Ph, -OPh, and -CHO. We found that in the gas phase the adiabatic EAs are similar to that of the parent primaquine for the -CH(3), -OH, and -OCH(3) substituents. In contrast, the -Ph, -OPh, and -CHO substituents all markedly increase the adiabatic EA. However, only the -CHO substituted compound is predicted to form a stable covalently bound radical anion in the gas phase due to its significant positive vertical EA relative to that of the parent primaquine. In addition, when the 8-position is substituted by the N-hydroxyl group or a quinone-imine structure is formed, the electron capture ability is significantly increased. In aqueous solution, all these molecules have significantly larger adiabatic EAs than in the gas phase. In addition, all of the vertical EAs are positive in aqueous solution. The implications of these findings for contributing to our mechanistic understanding of the red cell toxicity of 8-aminoquinoline compounds are further discussed.
Neutron absorption detector (2023)

A method of detecting an activator, the method including impinging a receptor material that is not predominately water and lacks a photoluminescent material with an activator and generating Cherenkov effect light due to the activator impinging the receptor material. The method further including identifying a characteristic of the activator based on the light.
Direct Quantitative Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids from Biofluid Samples using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (2013)

The determination of tobacco derived nicotine alkaloids in biofluid samples is of great importance to testing for tobacco use, tobacco cessation treatment, and studies on exposure to secondhand smoke. Paper spray mass spectrometry (MS) has been adapted for direct, quantitative analysis of tobacco alkaloids from biofluid samples, such as blood, urine, and saliva in liquid and dried form. Limits of quantitation as low as several nanograms per milliliter were obtained for nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and anabasine. Direct analysis of fresh blood samples has also been achieved with improved sensitivity using print paper substrates of high density. Quantitation of the cotinine in the blood of a rat was performed with both direct analysis using paper spray and a traditional analysis protocol using liquid chromatography MS. Comparable results were obtained and the precision of the two methods was similar. The paper spray MS method is rapid and shows potential for significantly improved analytical efficiency in clinical laboratories as well as for point-of-care tobacco use assessment.
Oxidative stress-induced Notch1 signaling promotes cardiogenic gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

These data suggest that H2O2- or GOX-mediated oxidative stress upregulates Notch1 signaling, which promotes cardiogenic gene expression in adult stem/progenitor cells, possibly involving Wnt11. Modulating the balance between Notch activation and H2O2-mediated oxidative stress may lead to improved adult stem cell-based therapies for cardiac repair and regeneration.
Image database TID2013: Peculiarities, results and perspectives (2014)

This paper describes a recently created image database, TID2013, intended for evaluation of full-reference visual quality assessment metrics. With respect to TID2008, the new database contains a larger number (3000) of test images obtained from 25 reference images, 24 types of distortions for each reference image, and 5 levels for each type of distortion. Motivations for introducing 7 new types of distortions and one additional level of distortions are given; examples of distorted images are presented. Mean opinion scores (MOS) for the new database have been collected by performing 985 subjective experiments with volunteers (observers) from five countries (Finland, France, Italy, Ukraine, and USA). The availability of MOS allows the use of the designed database as a fundamental tool for assessing the effectiveness of visual quality. Furthermore, existing visual quality metrics have been tested with the proposed database and the collected results have been analyzed using rank order correlation coefficients between MOS and considered metrics. These correlation indices have been obtained both considering the full set of distorted images and specific image subsets, for highlighting advantages and drawbacks of existing, state of the art, quality metrics. Approaches to thorough performance analysis for a given metric are presented to detect practical situations or distortion types for which this metric is not adequate enough to human perception. The created image database and the collected MOS values are freely available for downloading and utilization for scientific purposes.
The role of cellulase concentration in determining the degree of synergism in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (1988)

Microcrystalline cellulose (10 mg of Avicel/ml) was hydrolysed to glucose by different concentrations of the purified cellulase components endoglucanase (EG) II and cellobiohydrolases (CBH) I and II, alone and in combination with each other, in the presence of excess beta-glucosidase. At a concentration of 360 micrograms/ml (160 micrograms of EG II/ml, 100 micrograms of CBH I/ml and 100 micrograms of CBH II/ml) the degree of synergism among them was negligible. As the concentration of cellulase decreased, the degree of synergism increased, reaching an optimum at 20 micrograms/ml (5 micrograms of EG II/ml, 10 micrograms of CBH I/ml and 5 micrograms of CBH II/ml). There was no apparent relationship between the ratio of the components and the degree of synergism. The latter is probably due, though it could not be proved, to the level of saturation of the substrate with each component. Inhibition of Avicel hydrolysis was observed when the substrate was incubated with saturating and nonsaturating concentrations of a mixture of EG II and CBH I respectively. A similar result was also observed with a combination of EG I and EG II.
Studies on Seed Germination of Miscanthus sinensis Native to Jeju Island (2007)

The study was conducted to find out the harvesting time, storage duration, cold treatment and sterilization on seed germination of Miscanthus sinensis. The optimum harvesting time of the Miscanthus seed in native to Jeju island was December. And the seed germination passible 3 years after harvesting. When the seeds had cold treatment, seed germination nate was 74% rather than 63% of non-treatment. For seed sterilization treatment, soaking in solution of Benomyl 7% during from 3 hours to 12 hours germinated 9% over. But the non-treatment on 24 hours treatment reduced the seed germination of Miscanthus sinensis.
Regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance (2006)

Five elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. All of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. To engineer strongly insect-resistant sugarcanes, the GC content of a truncated cry1Ac gene, which encodes the active region of Cry1Ac insecticidal delta-endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. The synthetic cry1Ac gene (s-cry1Ac) was placed under the control of maize ubiquitin promoter and introduced by microprojectile bombardment into the embryogenic calli of sugarcane lines YT79-177 and ROC16. Southern blotting analysis showed that multicopies of s-cry1Ac were integrated into the genomes of transgenic sugarcane lines. Immunoblotting analysis identified 18 transgenic lines expressing detectable levels of s-Cry1Ac, which were estimated in the range of 1.8-10.0 ng mg(-1) total soluble proteins. Four transgenic and two parental lines were assayed for sugarcane stem borer resistance in leaf tissue feeding trials and greenhouse plant assays. The results showed that, while the untransformed control lines were severely damaged in both leaves and stems, the transgenic sugarcane lines expressing high levels of s-Cry1Ac proteins were highly resistant to sugarcane stem borer attack, resulting in complete mortality of the inoculated insects within 1 week after inoculation.
Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on 11- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs (2017)

A total of 1,134 nursery pigs (PIC 280 × 1050, 11.2 lb BW) were used in a 48-d growth study to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG; Ajinomoto Heartland, LLC, Chicago, IL) on growth performance. Pigs were fed 1 of 6 dietary treatments: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0% MSG, or a high salt treatment formulated to match the sodium content of the 1.0% MSG treatment. Experimental diets were fed in 3 phases from d 0 to 12, d 12 to 26, and d 26 to 48. Phase 1 was in pellet form and phases 2 and 3 were in meal form. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens at weaning and pens were then allotted to treatment according to BW in a randomized complete block design with 7 replications per treatment. During phase 1 (d 0 to 12), no significant differences were detected among MSG treatments, but pigs fed the high salt diet tended (P < 0.053) to have poorer F/G than pigs fed the 1% MSG treatment. In phase 2 (d 12 to 26), increasing MSG decreased (linear, P = 0.045) ADG, ADFI, and worsened F/G while pigs fed the high salt diet had decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and poorer (P < 0.001) F/G than pigs fed the 1% MSG diet. In phase 3 (d 26 to 48), no significant differences were detected among the MSG treatments however pigs fed the high salt diet had decreased (P < 0.028) ADG and ADFI compared with those fed the 1% MSG diet. Pig BW was reduced (linear, P < 0.016) on d 26 and 48 for pigs fed the MSG diets and pigs fed the high salt treatment had decreased (P < 0.001) BW compared to pigs fed 1% MSG. For the overall nursery period (d 0 to 48), increasing MSG decreased (linear, P = 0.033) ADG and tended (linear, P = 0.095) to decrease ADFI. Furthermore, pigs fed the high salt treatment had decreased (P < 0.009) ADG and ADFI and poorer (P < 0.001) F/G compared to their 1% MSG counterparts. Results from this study indicate that feeding MSG may have had a negative impact on ADFI and therefore, subsequent BW and ADG. In addition, the high salt treatment formulated to match the sodium content of the 1% MSG diet had consistently poorer performance than the 1% MSG treatment, suggesting that high salt content may negatively affect
Long-term (up to 16 months) health-related quality of life after adjuvant tailored dose-dense chemotherapy vs. standard three-weekly chemotherapy in women with high-risk early breast cancer (2020)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798070; isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN39017665.
Study of Oxyferryl Heme Reactivity Using Both Radiation and Photochemical Techniques (1998)

Flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis were used to generate reductants in situ to study the electron transfer (ET) reactivity of the FeIV==O heme centers in myoglobin and cytochrome c peroxidase. Reduction of a5RuIII groups covalently bound to surface histidines allowed intramolecular RuII → FeIV==O ET rates to be measured. Protonation of the oxene ligand was found to be largely rate determining in myoglobin, consistent with the lack of proton donors in its heme pocket. The large distance (21-23 Å) between surface histidines and the heme in wild-type cytochrome c peroxidase prevented the determination of the rate-limiting step(s) involved in FeIV==O reduction in this peroxidase, and strategies for attachment of an artificial redox center closer to its heme are outlined. From the work performed to date, pulse radiolysis appears to be a more versatile technique than flash photolysis for the study of FeIV==O heme reactivity in proteins.
Polymorphism of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Risk and Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants (2004)

The adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 may reduce the risk and severity of BPD.
History, Evolution, and Domestication ofBrassicaCrops (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Archetypes and Evolution of Basic Genomes and Derived Allopolyploids Ethnobotany, Origin, and Domestication Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Literature Cited
A novel multiresolution high-dynamic ultra-broadband time-domain emi measurement system (2005)

A time-domain electromagnetic interference (TDEMI) measurement system allows to reduce the measurement time by several orders of magnitude in comparison with conventional systems. This will reduce the costs of compliance tests considerably.
Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry with a high-sensitivity porous sprayer for cationic metabolome analysis (2012)

Sheath-flow capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has emerged as a new tool for comprehensive analysis of charged metabolites. However, it needs to be more sensitive. Here, we report a sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for cationic metabolome analysis. This system used a high-sensitivity porous sprayer interface and 10% (v/v) acetic acid as the background electrolyte (BGE). Under optimized conditions, 53 cationic metabolites, including amino acids and their derivatives, amines, nucleic acids and small peptides, were successfully separated and selectively detected with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. At a signal-to-noise ratio of three, the concentration detection limits for these compounds were between 0.004 and 0.8 μmol L(-1) (amount detection limit, 0.01 to 2 fmol) with pressure injection at 20.7 kPa for 5 s (2.6 nL). Compared with conventional sheath-flow CE-MS, the detection limit of the present method was increased more than 5-fold for 21 (40%) of the compounds detected. When the method was applied to the analysis of cationic metabolites obtained from human urine, there was a 10-fold increase in the number of detected peaks compared with conventional methods. More than 180 successive runs could be conducted without any problems, and only the BGE needed to be changed.
Thermoelectric Power of Glassy As40Se60−xTex (1985)

Electrical conductivity, σ, and thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient), S, of glassy As40Se60−xTex (x = 10, 20, 30, and 40) are investigated. The difference between activation energies for σ and S does not monotonically change with Te content. The experimental data are interpreted by a parallel conduction model, which consists of band conduction and hopping conduction. The parameters concerned with the conduction are obtained from a analysis on this model, and are appreciated to have their respective reasonable values. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit σ und der Seebeck-Koeffizient S von Gläsern des Systems As40Se60−xTex (x = 10, 20, 30 und 40) werden untersucht. Die Differenz der Aktivierungsenergien für σ und S zeigen keine monotone Änderung mit dem Te-Anteil. Die experimentellen Daten werden von einem Parallel-Leitungsmodell erklärt, das aus Band-Leitung in nichtlokalisierten Zuständen und Hopping-Prozessen zwischen lokalisierten Zuständen besteht. Die mit Transport zusammenhängenden Faktoren werden aus der Analyse dieses Modells erzielt, und es ergibt sich, daß sie respektiv vernünftige Werte haben.
ACU193: An Immunotherapeutic Poised to Test the Amyloid β Oligomer Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects 50 million people worldwide, with 10 million new cases occurring each year. The emotional and economic impacts of AD on patients and families are devastating. Approved treatments confer modest improvement in symptoms, and recently one treatment obtained accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may have modest disease modifying benefit. Research over the past three decades has established a clear causal linkage between AD and elevated brain levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and substantial evidence now implicates soluble, non-fibrillar Aβ oligomers (AβOs) as the molecular assemblies directly responsible for AD-associated memory and cognitive failure and accompanying progressive neurodegeneration. The widely recognized linkage of elevated Aβ and AD spawned a comprehensive 20-year therapeutic campaign that focused primarily on two strategies - inhibition of the secretase enzymes responsible for Aβ production and clearance of Aβ peptide or amyloid plaques with Aβ-directed immunotherapeutics. Unfortunately, all clinical trials of secretase inhibitors were unsuccessful. Of the completed phase 3 immunotherapy programs, bapineuzumab (targeting amyloid plaque) and solanezumab (targeting Aβ monomers) were negative, and the crenezumab program (targeting Aβ monomers and to a small extent oligomers) was stopped for futility. Aducanumab (targeting amyloid plaques), which recently received FDA accelerated approval, had one positive and one negative phase 3 trial. More than 25 negative randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated Aβ-targeting therapeutics, yet none has directly evaluated whether selective blockage of disease-relevant AβOs can stop or reverse AD-associated cognitive decline. Here, we briefly summarize studies that establish the AD therapeutic rationale to target AβOs selectively, and we describe ACU193, the first AβO-selective immunotherapeutic to enter human clinical trials and the first positioned to test the AβO hypothesis of AD.
Targeting neutrophils using novel drug delivery systems in chronic respiratory diseases (2020)

Neutrophils are essential effector cells of immune system for clearing the extracellular pathogens during inflammation and immune reactions. Neutrophils play a major role in chronic respiratory diseases. In respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer and others, there occurs extreme infiltration and activation of neutrophils followed by a cascade of events like oxidative stress and dysregulated cellular proteins that eventually result in apoptosis and tissue damage. Dysregulation of neutrophil effector functions including delayed neutropil apoptosis, increased neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathogenesis of asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enable neutrophils as a potential therapeutic target. Accounting to their role in pathogenesis, neutrophils present as an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. This review highlights the current status and the emerging trends in novel drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, and other newer nanosystems that can target neutrophils and their molecular pathways, in the airways against infections, inflammation, and cancer. These drug delivery systems are promising in providing sustained drug delivery, reduced therapeutic dose, improved patient compliance, and reduced drug toxicity. In addition, the review also discusses emerging strategies and the future perspectives in neutrophil-based therapy.