gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reagent-Controlled SN2-Glycosylation for the Direct Synthesis of β-Linked 2-Deoxy-Sugars (2014)

The efficient and stereoselective construction of glycosidic linkages remains one of the most formidable challenges in organic chemistry. This is especially true in cases such as β-linked deoxy-sugars, where the outcome of the reaction cannot be controlled using the stereochemical information intrinsic to the glycosyl donor. Here we show that p-toluenesulfonic anhydride activates 2-deoxy-sugar hemiacetals in situ as electrophilic species, which react stereoselectively with nucleophilic acceptors to produce β-anomers exclusively. NMR studies confirm that, under these conditions, the hemiacetal is quantitatively converted into an α-glycosyl tosylate, which is presumably the reactive species in the reaction. This approach demonstrates that use of promoters that activate hemiacetals as well-defined intermediates can be used to permit stereoselective glycosylation through an SN2-pathway.
The Effects of Ripening and Cold Storage on the Volatile Profiles of Three Japanese Plum Cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.) and One Interspecific Plum-apricot Cultivar (2012)

Volatile compounds contribute greatly to the flavour of fruit and can be altered by maturity and cold storage. The volatiles of three Japanese plum cultivars (‘Sapphire’, ‘Songold’, and ‘Larry Anne’) and one plumcot (‘Flavor King’) were determined at three functional stages: commercial harvest, tree-ripened fruit and cold stored fruit. HS-SPME was used for extraction and GC-TOFMS for separation and identification. A total of 52 compounds was found and classified into three groups (‘unique’ (28), ‘generic’ (10) and ‘frequent’ (14)) based on frequency of occurrence. Discriminant analysis showed that the volatile profiles of the three functional stages were distinct within each cultivar, and the main contributors to the patterns were identified. The volatile profiles of ‘Larry Anne’ and ‘Flavor King’ were the most affected by cold storage conditions. Inter-cultivar analysis indicated that the cultivars have different volatile profiles at each of the functional groups with ‘Larry Anne’ and ‘Flavor King’ showing the largest differences. ‘Flavor King’, a plumcot, presented a ripe volatile profile that was much diverged from that of the true plums.
Elucidation of Structural Requirements of Mastoparan for Mast Cell Activation- Toward the Comprehensive Prediction of Cryptides Acting on Mast Cells (2008)

Mastoparan, a toxic peptide from wasp venom, induces various biological functions including histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Here we report that, for the activation of mast cells by mastoparan, at least two positively charged side chains are required on the hydrophilic side of the amphiphilic structure of the peptide. The present results are expected to be utilized for the bioinformatic and comprehensive identification of endogenous mast cell-stimulating cryptides.
Robust Adaptive Control using Direct and Indirect Methods (1989)

Direct, Indirect and Combined Methods of Adaptive Control are used for the robust adaptive control of a first order plant with increasing levels of uncertainty. The latter include external disturbances, time delays, unmodeled dynamics and sensor noise.
The Functions of Groups: A Psychometric Analysis of the Group Resources Inventory (2026)

What do groups do for their members? A functional model that assumes groups satisfy a number of basic survival, psychological, informational, interpersonal, and collective needs is offered. The authors examined the comprehensiveness of the model by asking members of various types of naturally occurring groups to describe the benefits they gained through membership. Analysis of those descriptions identified 16 key interpersonal functions of groups (such as social comparison, social exchange, social control, social esteem, social identity, and social learning), and individuals' evaluations of the quality of their group were systematically related to their ratings of the group's functionality. The authors discuss possible applications of these findings for improving groups but have concluded that additional work is needed to determine the applicability of the functions model to psychotherapeutic groups.
A Practical Scheme for Relaying in Sensor Networks Using Repeat-Accumulate Codes (2006)

Given limitations with current technology, nodes in a sensor network have stringent energy and complexity constraints. This paper presents a scheme for cooperation via relaying and error-control coding in sensor networks, using punctured systematic repeat-accumulate codes. Assuming knowledge of the source-relay channel quality, we use density evolution to show that the proposed scheme achieves good performance and a good energy tradeoff despite low computational complexity. An interesting additional benefit of such a scheme is the notion of fractional cooperation by a relay node. As a motivating example, we analyze networks of up to ten cooperating nodes in Rayleigh fading, which communicate with a more sophisticated receiver.
Influence of different aetiologies on clinical course and outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (2015)

This study demonstrates for the first time a significant interaction between duration of disease, NYHA class and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with DCM. Our results clearly demonstrate that in patients with DCM an early diagnosis within 1 year after occurrence of clinical signs is associated with a strong improvement in the clinical course, whereas late diagnosis results in a loss of change in clinical course and outcome.
The pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative RA-642: a potent inhibitor of ferrous-induced lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (1991)

The effects of three pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives (RA-642, dipyridamole and mopidamol) on hydroxyl anion-induced lipid peroxidation in cell membranes from liver, brain, kidney, lung and heart rat tissue were studied using d-alpha-tocopherol as standard for lipid peroxidation. Ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid (FeAs) were used to induce lipid peroxidation via the formation of hydroxyl anions. The products resulting from the reaction with thiobarbituric acid were taken to be indicators of lipid peroxidation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were produced by different rat tissues in the following sequence: brain greater than liver greater than kidney greater than heart greater than lung. Dose-response and time-response curves were plotted for all compounds. Inhibiting concentrations, 50% (IC50), ranged from 0.3-1.4 microM for RA-642, and 2.5 and 4.6 microM for dipyridamole. In liver mitochondrial membranes, IC50s of these compounds were 0.4 +/- 0.2 and 5.8 +/- 1.2 microM, respectively. At 15 min after beginning TBARS production, dipyridamole and RA-642 did not exert any inhibitory effect.
Novel feedback inhibition of surface antigen synthesis by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal and its implication for hepatitis B virus tumorigenesis and therapy (2011)

The activation of mTOR signal in GGHs may feedback suppress HBsAg synthesis during HBV tumorigenesis and explain the observed decrease or absence of HBsAg in HCC tissues. Therapy using mTOR inhibitors for HCCs may potentially activate HBV replication in patients with chronic HBV infection.
A Virtualization Infrastructure that Supports Pervasive Computing (2009)

Smart phones might well be the most powerful pervasive embedded device and the ideal platform for pervasive computing. Virtualization technology offers a practical means for the widespread deployment of the necessary middleware.
Blue-Emitting Anthracenes with End-Capping Diarylamines (2002)

A new series of 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(bromoaryl)anthracenes have been synthesized from 2-tert-butyl-9,10-anthraquinone. Palladium-catalyzed C−N bond formation between these bromo compounds and diarylamines provides stable 2-tert-butyl-9,10-diarylanthracenes containing two peripheral diarylamines (anth). They possess high thermal decomposition temperature (Td > 450 °C) and form a stable glass (Tg > 130 °C). Furthermore, they are fluorescent in the blue region with moderate to good quantum efficiencies. Two types of light-emitting diodes (LED) were constructed from anth, (I) ITO/anth/TPBI/Mg:Ag and (II) ITO/anth/Alq3/Mg:Ag, where TPBI and Alq3 are 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum, respectively. In type I devices, the anth function as the hole-transporting and emitting material. In type II devices, emission from Alq3 is observed. Several blue-light-emitting type I devices exhibit good maximum brightness and physical performance. The relation between the energy levels of the anth and the performance of the light-emitting diode is discussed.
Coke distribution determines the lifespan of a hollow Mo/HZSM-5 capsule catalyst in CH4 dehydroaromatization (2018)

External coke gives rise to a more severe MDA deactivation than internal coke.
Non‐glycolytic Function of Aldolase A Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Down‐regulation of PLD2 Enzyme to Activate PLD1 (2015)

In cancer, glycolysis rate is increased regardless of the oxygen availability, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Several enzymes in glycolytic pathway have been investigated as potential therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the impact of targeting each glycolytic enzyme for cancer treatment remains unclear. Here, we perform systemic RNAi and pharmacological screening targeting every glycolysis pathway enzyme in lung cancer to found aldolase A (ALDOA) knockdown most significantly inhibits cell invasion/migration. However, this effect was not due to aldolase enzyme activity inhibition. Moreover, ALDOA knockdown does not affect glucose consumption, lactate production or intracellular ATP concentration, indicating a non‐glycolytic cause for lung cancer invasion/migration inhibition. We further perform immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry using ALDOA as a bait in invasive lung cancer cells and found phospholipase D (PLD) and several ALDOA‐interacting proteins that may affect cancer invasion and metastasis. We further identify ALDOA interacts with Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) through PH domain and inhibits its enzyme activity. Instead, PLD1 upregulated to compensate the PLD enzyme activity and phosphatidic acid (PA) production to activate beta‐catenin/TCF‐4 signaling axis that are essential for ALDOA induced lung cancer cell invasion/metastasis. Taken together, our results uncover a novel non‐glycolytic function of ALDOA to promote lung cancer metastasis via PLD2 interaction and PLD1 activation that provides new mechanistic insights into lung carcinogenesis, with implication of novel strategy for lung cancer treatment.
An ultrasonic imaging system for realtime cardiac imaging (1974)

Realtime, non-invasive imaging of cardiac structures and other internal body organs, accomplished with an ultrasonic imaging system, will be discussed. The approach utilizes custom integrated circuits including high-voltage double diffused MOS transistors.
Laser‐induced surface grafting of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone onto ethylene‐propylene rubber as biocompatible material (1994)

Abstract Attempts have been made to provide hydrophilic sites onto the surface of ethylene‐propylene rubber (EPR) by grafting 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) onto the surface of this elastomer using CO 2 ‐pulsed laser as excitation source. The effect of benzophenone (BZP) and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as photosensitizer upon the graft level has been evaluated. CO 2 ‐pulsed laser grafting of HEMA and NVP was found to be dependent upon the wavelength, repetition rate, and fluence of laser. Hydrophilicity of EPR increased upon grafting HEMA and NVP with CO 2 ‐pulsed laser. Surface characterization has been carried out using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). IR‐laser grafting of these monomers is not possible unless the system is irradiated by pulses with the wavelength corresponding to the either maximum absorption of monomer or sensitizer accessible to the laser equipment gain. As the absorption of EPR at these wavelengths is quite low, it is believed that depending upon the wavelength, either photosensitizer and/or monomer molecules are excited through an infrared multiphoton excitation (IRMPE) process above the dissociation energy leading to the decomposition of the excited molecules. Addition of a multifunctional acrylate (MFA) such as 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane‐trimethacrylate (TMPTA) to the grafting system enhanced the graft yield. Poly(HEMA) grafted onto the surface of EPR by CO 2 pulsed laser tends to form a fractal type of morphology. The shape and size of fractals depends upon both laser parameters and HEMA concentration. EDXA analysis showed the presence of ungrafted (hydrophobic areas) as well as hydrophilic sites (fractals) on the surface of modified samples. Finally, the bulk mechanical properties of EPR after being laser‐grafted with HEMA or NVP did not change, as shown by DMTA.
New Aspects on the Direct Solid State Polycondensation (DSSP) of Aliphatic Nylon Salts: The Case of Hexamethylene Diammonium Dodecanoate (2021)

The direct solid state polymerization (DSSP) of hexamethylene diammonium dodecanoate (PA 612 salt) was investigated for two different salt grades, fossil-based and bio-based. Aliphatic polyamide salts (such as PA 612 salt) are highly susceptible to solid melt transition (SMT) phenomena, which restrain the industrial application of DSSP. To that end, emphasis was given on reactor design, being the critical parameter influencing byproduct diffusion, amine loss and inherent DSSP kinetics. Experiments took place both at the microscale and the laboratory scale, in which two different reactors were tested in terms of bypassing SMT phenomena. The new reactor designed here proved quite successful in maintaining the solid state during the reaction. Scouting experiments were conducted in order to assess the effect of critical parameters and determine appropriate reaction conditions. Fossil-based PA 612 products proved to have a better end-group imbalance in comparison to bio-based ones, which is critical in terms of achieving high molecular weight. Finally, a real DSSP process was demonstrated, starting from PA 612 salt crystals and ending with PA 612 particles.
UPLC-MSE Profiling of Phytoplankton Metabolites: Application to the Identification of Pigments and Structural Analysis of Metabolites in Porphyridium purpureum (2015)

A fast and high-resolution UPLC-MSE analysis was used to identify phytoplankton pigments in an ethanol extract of Porphyridium purpureum (Pp) devoid of phycobiliproteins. In a first step, 22 standard pigments were analyzed by UPLC-MSE to build a database including retention time and accurate masses of parent and fragment ions. Using this database, seven pigments or derivatives previously reported in Pp were unequivocally identified: β,β-carotene, chlorophyll a, zeaxanthin, chlorophyllide a, pheophorbide a, pheophytin a, and cryptoxanthin. Minor amounts of Divinyl chlorophyll a, a chemotaxonomic pigment marker for prochlorophytes, were also unequivocally identified using the database. Additional analysis of ionization and fragmentation patterns indicated the presence of ions that could correspond to hydroxylated derivatives of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a, produced during the ethanolic extraction, as well as previously described galactosyldiacylglycerols, the thylakoid coenzyme plastoquinone, and gracilamide B, a molecule previously reported in the red seaweed Gracillaria asiatica. These data point to UPLC-MSE as an efficient technique to identify phytoplankton pigments for which standards are available, and demonstrate its major interest as a complementary method for the structural elucidation of ionizable marine molecules.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Ion Implantation for Amorphous-InGaZnO Sheet Resistance Control Technique (2022)

As a next-generation electronics material, amorphous-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) film devices were investigated. In order to further utilize a-IGZO films, we carried out conventional ion of boron (B + ) or neon (Ne + ) implantations in a-IGZO thin films on glass and analyzed the implanted a-IGZO via Hall measurement with wet etching. In addition, a-IGZO thin film transistor processes with the implantation were carried out. As a result, we find that both ions drastically decrease a-IGZO sheet resistances. However, we observed oxygen vacancy area increase in the case of Ne + implanted a-IGZO in 300 o C post annealing, which indicates Ne diffuses in a-IGZO film. On the other hand, B diffusion was not observed by depth profile comparison between the implanted samples with and without annealing. Furthermore, we extract key device parameters, such as effective channel length and ON/OFF current ratio, which can be applied to a-IGZO device processing.
CEREBELLAR PURKINJE CELL LOSS IN HETEROZYGOUSRORA+/−MICE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY (2006)

The staggerer (sg) mutation is a spontaneous deletion in the Rora gene that prevents the translation of the ligand-binding domain (LBD), leading to the loss of RORalpha activity. The homozygous Rorasg/sg mutant mouse, whose most obvious phenotype is ataxia associated with cerebellar degeneration, also displays a variety of other phenotypes. The heterozygous Rora+/sg is able to develop a cerebellum that is qualitatively normal but which suffers a significant loss of cerebellar neuronal cells with advancing age. A truncated protein synthesized by the mutated allele may play a role both in Rorasg/sg and Rora+/sg. To determine the effects during life span of true haplo-insufficiency of the RORalpha protein, derived from the invalidation of the gene, we compared the evolution of Purkinje cell numbers in heterozygous Rora knock-out males (Rora+/-) and in their wild-type counterparts from 1 to 24 months of age. We also compared the evolution of Purkinje cell (PC) numbers in Rora+/- and Rora+/sg males from 1 to 9 months. The main finding is that in Rora+/- mice, for which only one-half the normal amount of protein is produced, the deficit was established as early as 1 month and did not change during the animals' adult lifespans. Thus, the effects of aging on PC number were apparent much earlier in Rora+/- than in Rora+/sg, although at 24 months of age the degrees of deficit were similar.
Pyocin R1 inhibits active transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and depolarizes membrane potential (1984)

Pyocin R1, a bacteriocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibited active transport of proline in the presence of high concentrations of malate and magnesium salt. Pyocin R1 did not affect the respiration of sensitive cells nor induce cell lysis, but it caused a decrease in the intracellular ATP level. In addition, a passive inflow of [14C]thiocyanate anion, a probe of membrane potential, was induced by pyocin R1, showing a depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane. It is considered that membrane depolarization is a primary action of pyocin R1.
Cellules endothéliales circulantes : nouveau marqueur de l’équilibre entre lésion et régénération de l’endothélium (2005)

Les connaissances acquises sur l’endothelium ces 10 dernieres annees nous ont appris qu’il represente un tissu d’une remarquable plasticite, en equilibre entre differents compartiments : un « compartiment adherent » majoritaire, correspondant a l’endothelium tapissant l’ensemble de notre systeme vasculaire, et un « compartiment circulant » au sein duquel plusieurs sous-populations de cellules endotheliales ont ete identifiees. Parmi elles, les cellules endotheliales circulantes (CEC) correspondent a des cellules qui se detachent de la paroi vasculaire dans differentes situations pathologiques. Les CEC sont definies par un certain nombre de criteres morphologiques phenotypiques et fonctionnels, qui permettent de les differencier d’une autre sous-population de cellules endotheliales appelees progeniteurs endotheliaux circulants (PEC). Ces derniers sont mobilises a partir de la moelle osseuse et participent a des phenomenes de regeneration endotheliale. L’objectif de cette revue est de faire le point sur les donnees actuelles concernant les CEC et les perspectives qu’elles ouvrent dans l’exploration des pathologies vasculaires.Les CEC sont definies comme des cellules endotheliales matures, exprimant des antigenes endotheliaux tels que la molecule CD146. L’utilisation de techniques d’immunoseparation magnetique a permis d’etablir qu’elles representent moins de 0,0001 % des cellules mononucleees chez l’adulte normal.Une elevation de leur nombre a ete rapportee dans differentes situations pathologiques associees a une alteration endotheliale telles que les maladies cardiovasculaires, les pathologies inflammatoires, infectieuses et auto-immunes, ou le cancer. Dans ces differents contextes, les CEC representent non seulement un marqueur non invasif de l’endothelium mais peuvent egalement apporter des informations utiles dans le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi therapeutique des maladies vasculaires. Cependant, l’utilisation de methodologies standardisees applicables a de grandes cohortes de patients est necessaire pour preciser leur interet clinique. De plus, dans la mesure ou les CEC sont representatives de l’endothelium in situ, l’etude de leur phenotype et de leur fonction permettra d’elucider des questions majeures en biologie vasculaire telles que l’origine des CEC, les mecanismes responsables de leur detachement ou leur capacite a disseminer un potentiel procoagulant dans le courant circulatoire. Au-dela des CEC, le « compartiment endothelial circulant » vehicule d’autres elements tels que les microparticules ou les PEC. L’etude combinee de ces differents marqueurs ouvre des perspectives interessantes pour apprecier l’equilibre entre lesion et regeneration de l’endothelium.
Whole-program optimization of global variable layout (2006)

On machines with high-performance processors, the memory system continues to be a performance bottleneck. Compilers insert prefetch operations and reorder data accesses to improve locality, but increasingly seek to modify an application's data layout to reduce cache miss and page fault penalties. In this paper we discuss Global Variable Layout (GVL), an optimization of the placement of entire static global data objects in the binary. We describe two practical methods for GVL in the HP-UX Integrity optimizing compiler for the Itanium © architecture. The first layout strategy relies on profile feedback, collaboratively employing the compiler, the linker and a pre-link tool to facilitate reordering. The second strategy uses whole-program analysis to drive data layout decisions, and does not require the use of a dynamic profile. We give a detailed description of our implementation and evaluate its performance for the SPEC integer benchmark programs, as well as for a large commercial database application.
Dyslexia in the Context of Social Work: Screening and Early Intervention (2021)

Dyslexia, the most common learning disability, is associated with poor academic, economic, vocational, and health outcomes. Disproportionately, dyslexia is undiagnosed and untreated in children who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) or who live in poverty. Early identification of and subsequent interventions for children at risk for dyslexia can effectively mitigate poor outcomes. While screening and interventions largely occur in schools, social workers across practice contexts have responsibilities to address dyslexia: identifying, referring, educating, and advocating. Social workers should address dyslexia to promote equity and improve quality of life and various outcomes across the life course. This paper describes dyslexia, early screening, and interventions; dyslexia as a social justice issue; and social workers’ roles in addressing dyslexia.