gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Singly-Fed Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications in 5G Wireless Communication (2021)

The coexistence of microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) technologies is considered as the development tendency of the future 5G wireless communication system. In this paper, a single-port, single-layer, dual-band antenna with large frequency ratio is proposed to support the MW and MMW applications. This antenna mainly consists of a stub-loaded microstrip line in the center, two slot-loaded rectangular patches on the lateral sides, and two thin microstrip lines in-between which connect the former two. The stub-loaded microstrip line works as a series-fed MMW linear array at 26 GHz, and simultaneously it serves as the feed line for the MW patches operating at 4.85 GHz. The connection lines are elaborately designed to isolate the MW patches from the MMW signal, guaranteeing the radiation performance of the antenna at the two bands without requiring complicated filter. For verification, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.1% and a peak gain of 8.93 dBi at the 4.85-GHz MW band, while an impedance bandwidth of 19% and a peak gain of 13.57 dBi at the 26-GHz MMW band.
Level probing in highly overmoded waveguides (2020)

This paper deals with a tank level probing scenario using electromagnetic waves where the vessel supports a significant number of higher order modes which deteriorate the accuracy of the measurement. A signal model is presented which allows to estimate the accuracy of interferometric measurements taking higher order modes into account. Based on the predicted estimation an appropriate waveguide taper with a high suppression of parasitic modes is designed, fabricated and measured. The presented design approach is validated by measurements.
Segmental durations in connected-speech signals: Syllabic stress (1988)

Analyses into the effect of syllabic stress on the durations of speech sounds have been performed on the recordings produced by six talkers reading two scripts of approximately 300 words each. The texts, the combined visual–auditory marking technique, and preliminary results were reported earlier in Crystal and House [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 705–716 (1982)] and further results were reported in Crystal and House [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. XX, XXX–XXX (1988a)]. The average durations and standard deviations of various classes of speech sounds, as well as individual speech sounds, have been determined in syllables where the stress characteristic is known. Measurements are compared to earlier data and to various pertinent published reports.
Bioinformatic Strategies for cDNA‐Microarray Data Processing (2009)

Pre-processing plays a vital role in cDNA-microarray data analysis. Without proper pre-processing it is likely that the biological conclusions will be misleading. However, there are many alternatives and in order to choose a proper pre-processing procedure it is necessary to understand the effect of different methods. This chapter discusses several pre-processing steps, including image analysis, background correction, normalization, and filtering. Spike-in data are used to illustrate how different procedures affect the analytical ability to detect differentially expressed genes and estimate their regulation. The result shows that pre-processing has a major impact on both the experiment's sensitivity and its bias. However, general recommendations are hard to give, since pre-processing consists of several actions that are highly dependent on each other. Furthermore, it is likely that pre-processing have a major impact on downstream analysis, such as clustering and classification, and pre-processing methods should be developed and evaluated with this in mind.
A Family of Weak Keys in HFE (and the Corresponding Practical Key-Recovery). (2009)

The HFE (Hidden Field Equations) cryptosystem is one of the most interesting public-key multivariate scheme. It has been proposed more than 10 years ago by Patarin and seems to withstand the attacks that break many other multivariate schemes, since only subexponential ones have been proposed. The public key is a system of quadratic equations in many variables. These equations are generated from the composition of the secret elements: two linear mappings and a polynomial of small degree over an extension field. In this paper we show that there exist weak keys in HFE when the coefficients of the internal polynomial are defined in the ground field. In this case, we reduce the secret key recovery problem to an instance of the Isomorphism of Polynomials (IP) problem between the equations of the public key and themselves. Even though for schemes such as SFLASH or C∗ the hardness of key-recovery relies on the hardness of the IP problem, this is normally not the case for HFE, since the internal polynomial is kept secret. However, when a weak key is used, we show how to recover all the components of the secret key in practical time, given a solution to an instance of the IP problem. This breaks in particular a variant of HFE proposed by Patarin to reduce the size of the public key and called the “subfield variant”. Recovering the secret key takes a few minutes.
INTERPOPULATION ESTERASE VARIATION IN THE GENUSPETROCOPTIS A. BRAUN (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) (2000)

The electrophoretic patterns of a- and b-isozyme esterases from seeds of 44 populations belonging to twelve Petrocoptis taxa were compared in order to clarify taxonomic relationships within the genus. Electrophoretic zymograms showed the presence of 20 electromorphs, which yield 24 a-esterase and 22 b-esterase phenotypes. Most of the bands and the electrophoretic profiles were restricted to a few localities and taxa. Correlation between isozyme similarity and geographic distance among populations was not detected, as revealed by the Mantel test (r = 0.007;p = 0.5811), suggesting that there was no greater phenetic similarity among neighboring populations than among distant populations. Multivariate analysis of the data(Factorial Correspondence Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling) did not depict a consistent picture of the taxonomic relationships within the genus, probably due to the high intraspecific variability present in some taxa. Given this polymorphism within some Petrocoptis taxa, esterase isozyme...
Fixation of Dinitrogen to a Mesoscale Solid Salt Using a Titanium Oxide/Conducting Polymer System (2000)

Under conditions milder than the Haber process, dinitrogen interacts with a titanium oxide/conductive polythiophene system and is fixed into growing mesoscale needles of ammonium perchlorate (see picture, scale bar 10 μm) upon irradiation with white light.
Treatment of tinnitus with electrical stimulation (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment of tinnitus with electrical stimulation. Five hundred patients with tinnitus were treated with probe electrical stimulation. Causes of tinnitus were sensorineural hearing loss (303 patients), Meniere's disease (88), infection (25), head trauma (39), acoustic trauma (25), ototoxicity (4), and chemotherapy (2). Treatment involved 6 to 10 transcutaneous treatment electrical stimulation sessions biweekly. Fifty-three percent of patients showed decreases in their tinnitus as measured by a subjective rating scale. With a 3-month follow-up, 72% had no loss of benefit. Thirteen patients had temporary increases in their tinnitus. Two patients had permanent increases. Probe electrical stimulation seems to offer some benefit in about half the patients treated for annoying tinnitus.
[From Bioartificial Liver Development to Laboratory Medicine -In Vitro and In Vivo Stable Isotope-Labeled Glucose Breath Tests -]. (2016)

The urea breath test was developed for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this test, we measure exhaled ¹³CO₂ using POCone developed in Japan, which is an infrared spectrometry photometer. Based on the urea breath test, we subsequently developed the in vitro ¹³C-glucose exhaling test. In this test, ¹³C-glucose is added in the circulation culture medium, and ¹³CO₂ generated with a bioartificial liver is measured by the POCone. The quantity of discharged ¹³CO₂ reflects the energy-producing ability of the bioartifi- cial liver. Therefore, we can simply and easily observe the viability of a bioartificial liver and the effect of drugs on carbohydrate metabolism in the bioartificial liver in real time. According to the results of a bioartificial liver study, we developed the fasting ¹³C-glucose breath test, which can quickly determine hepatic insu- lin resistance in humans with marked sensitivity. The bioartificial liver study unexpectedly led to the development of a new stable isotope breath test. [Review].
Gathering and sharing Web-based information: Implications for “ePerson” concepts (2003)

Recent interest in Peer-to-Peer computing and the Semantic Web (e.g. Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila, 2001) has inspired new ideas for ways in which people might gather, manage and share knowledge through networked tools and infrastructures. In particular, the “ePerson” group at HP Labs Bristol is researching and developing ways in which new Web-based structures and applications might provide useful intermediaries or electronic representations for people in networked environments. An electronic representation of a person might, for example, help a user control and protect their identity on a network, help seek out information more effectively through a network, and help leverage knowledge from others more efficiently. In order to help inform and ground the efforts of such developments we report on a study designed to look closely at how people gather and share information using today’s digital tools. This is done by looking at 16 knowledge workers’ use of the Web, examining the lifecycle of this information and the way in which it is shared. We find that Peer-to-Peer knowledge sharing is different to say Peer-to-Peer music sharing, user’s PC’s being more like “workbenches” than archives. We also find that people learn important skills and knowledge through the process of gathering, creating and organising their information. This knowledge enables individuals to reuse and share information. In particular we found that personally owned information was always modified or enriched before sharing. Such insights into how information is reused and made sharable provides important implications for developing Peer-to-Peer file sharing technologies which we discuss.
BIII 5‐Arylsubporphyrins and BIII Subporphine (2018)

Boron(III) 5-arylsubporphyrins and B<sup>III</sup> subporphine are promising precursors for functional B<sup>III</sup> subporphyrins bearing asymmetric meso-substituents. Herein, we report the first synthesis of these molecules. Among many aryl acid chlorides examined, 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride gave B<sup>III</sup> 5-(4-nitrophenyl)subporphyrin in 10 % yield in condensation with triethylamine-tri-N-tripyrromethene-borane. The nitro group of this B<sup>III</sup> subporphyrin was reduced with NaBH<sub>4</sub> to prepare B<sup>III</sup> 5-(aminophenyl)subporphyrin, which was converted into B<sup>III</sup> 5-phenylsubporphyrin via the corresponding diazonium salt. B<sup>III</sup> subporphine was synthesized by condensation of triethyl orthoformate with triethylamine-tri-N-tripyrromethene-borane. Progressive removal of meso-phenyl substituents leads to continuous changes in the optical properties, whereas the B<sup>III</sup> subporphine deviates from this trend in some properties.
Towards Allopumiliotoxins: A Concise Synthesis of the Indolizidine Core (2011)

Abstract The common bicyclic indolizidine core present in several allopumiliotoxins was synthesized by the sequential use of a Crimmins' aldol reaction, an SOCl 2 ‐mediated S N i displacement, and an intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution (INAS) as the key transformations.
HLA-DP2: self peptide sequences and binding properties (1997)

Although self peptides bound to HLA-DQ and, especially, HLA-DR allotypes have been described in some detail, few ligands that bind to HLA-DP have been identified. Toward this aim, naturally processed peptides were isolated from immunoaffinity-purified HLA-DP2 molecules expressed in cultured B lymphocytes. The size distribution of the peptide repertoire is generally similar to those reported for self peptides bound to HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules. Twelve peptides representing individual sequences including two nested sets were sequenced by mass spectrometry and/or N-terminal Edman analysis. Source proteins included MHC molecules and other integral membrane proteins as well as secretory and serum proteins. No dominant amino acid markers suggestive of particular enzymatic processing events were detected. Peptide specificity and affinity were examined in binding assays using synthetic peptides and purified HLA-DP and HLA-DR molecules. Anchor residues were tentatively assigned using alanine-substituted analogues of two self peptides. Some structural features of HLA-DP2 that may relate to peptide binding are considered.
Riboflavin Requirement of Lactating Swine (1988)

Forty crossbred gilts (9 to 10 mo of age) were used to determine the riboflavin requirement for gestating swine. Upon mating, gilts were assigned to one of five levels of dietary riboflavin (.77, 1.77, 2.77, 3.77 or 4.77 ppm) and individually fed 2.0 kg daily of the assigned diet throughout gestation. Gilts were bled on d 7, 24, 30, 35, 40, 56, 70, 84, 90 and 97 postcoitum. On d 1 postpartum, all sows and their live piglets were bled. Hemolysates of isolated, washed erythrocytes were prepared from blood samples and assayed to establish the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC) as an indicator of the riboflavin status of each animal. The higher the EGRAC, the greater the severity of the riboflavin deficiency. During gestation, the EGRAC of gravid gilts increased with time in a manner dependent upon the level of dietary riboflavin. Postpartal EGRAC were elevated in dams fed the three lowest levels of dietary riboflavin during gestation. Of the six gravid gilts fed .77 ppm riboflavin, four gilts gave birth, approximately 7 d prematurely, to stillborn litters while two gilts failed to farrow by 121 d postcoitum. Litter weights at birth and gestation weight gains of these gilts were less than those of gilts fed the higher levels of riboflavin. Postnatal mortality of piglets was greater for those litters from sows fed 1.77 ppm riboflavin than for those from sows fed higher levels of riboflavin. The riboflavin status of newborn piglets was similar to that of their dams as determined by EGRAC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of VLSI architectures for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms (2002)

We propose VLSI architectures with parallel I/O capability to compute the Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform. Our design can handle large images arriving at high frame rates. A video codec based on our architecture can support multiple channels in parallel and can provide the needed performance for network based video applications. Our architecture with parallel I/O offers a solution for the low power needs of mobile/visual communication systems. Our architecture employs block-based I/O and a dual memory buffer to store intermediate results to schedule the filter operations. This leads to a high throughput rate of n pixels per clock cycle and a small memory size of j(l-1)/(N+n)+2n/sup 2/, for an N/spl times/N input image, where n/spl times/n is the block size, l is the alter length, and j is the number of octaves. The resulting architecture has a latency of 2l+n for each octave and a total execution time of N/sup 2//n+2l+n+3jn.
Web Services and Their Use in Starlink Software (2003)

The effect of amylopullulanase treatment on recrystallization behaviour and the formation of resistant starch crystals have been investigated. Extracted potato starch (Solanum tuberosum) has been subjected to the enzymatic assisted bioprocessing without any physical or chemical treatment, where 120 min of incubation, 7 % (v/v) of enzyme and 8 mL/g of water content were found to be optimum to increase the resistant starch content by 41.88 %. The resistant starch crystals showed the characteristic behaviour of B-type allomorph with an increase in 21.32 % crystallinity. The modified crystals portrayed less reduction in actual weight when assessed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The compact linear arrangement of the linear amylose chains within the crystallized granule of starch has been evidenced by Bright Field Microscopy. The microstructure of the resistant starch crystals showed 33.18 % reduction in porosity when the 3-dimensional structural form was analysed by X-ray micro-Computed Tomography.
Materials Compatibility and Migration in Polymer Systems (1999)

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The purpose of this project to study the effects of materials migration by direct measurement of the diffusion and convective migration processes in complex polymeric materials and to develop appropriate predictive models. The use of isotopically tagged probe molecules to measure in-situ the diffusion of water in estane was demonstrated. A special environmental cell with a thin window was fabricated to enable real time measurements to be made under realistic conditions simulating actual operating parameters. Depth profiles were measured quantitatively using ion beam methods available at the Los Alamos Ion Beam Materials Laboratory. The Williams-Landau-Ferry model was adopted as a general expression for diffusion of a volatile material in a polymer. This model contains both thermal activation and free-volume change effects to account for the changes in polymeric structure with temperature and physical properties as embodied in the glass-transition temperature. A theoretical simulation of water migration in polyurethane was performed and compared to the ideal 1-D, constant temperature, constant-boundary concentration test problem, for which an analytical solution is known. The transport code works properly and indicates that time steps on the order of 10 minutes are permissible, which is the order of the time required to collect data for one measurement in the ion beam.
UHF satellite sound broadcasting technology (2003)

In preparation for a world satellite planning conference to be held late in 1988, various developments in UHF satellite sound broadcasting technology have been reported. This work is reviewed and system problems created by the adverse multipath propagation environment are aired, together with a description of new and advanced digital coding and modulation schemes tailored to deal with such difficulties. It is concluded that there is a viable range of systems and technology under development which could be realized in the early 1990s to begin satellite sound broadcasting services.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Observation of Initial Stage of Al Epitaxial Growth on Si(111) by Ionized Cluster Beam Deposition (1985)

The initial stage of Al(111)//Si(111), Al[1̄10]//Si[1̄10] growth at room temperature by ionized cluster beam deposition was observed by reflection electron diffraction. At the initial stage of deposition (less than 10 nm in thickness) Al crystals with (100) plane parallel to the substrate surface nucleated. Three identical Al(100) crystals were found to exist simultaneously, whose azimuthal orientations were respectively Al[011]//Si[2̄11], Al[011]//Si[1̄10] and Al[011]//Si[1̄21̄].
From hoes to herbicides: Agriculture and groundwater quality (1986)

GROUNDWATER Pollution Emerges as a Rural Issue”— Successful Farming , January 1986 ( 79 ). “Families Worry as Water Quality Drops”— Progressive Farmer , September 1985 ( 60 ). “Groundwater Pollution: Who's Liable?”— Successful Farming , December 1985 ( 82 ).

As these farm magazine titles suggest, agriculture's impacts on groundwater quality have become an important environmental issue. Countless newspaper and magazine headlines, congressional hearings, a myriad of technical and policy meetings, and various industry and government agency activities all attest to this fact. As Ken Cook aptly noted in his satirical commentary, “The Big Seep,” in the July-August 1986 issue of the JSWC ( 26 ), “I'll put it to you real blunt Nepa: groundwater pollution is probably the major environmental problem facing agriculture over the next 10 years.”

Collectively, these articles and events mark a turning point. In most technical circles the debate is no longer about whether or not agricultural activities contaminate groundwater. Current discussions focus on where, when, why, the seriousness of the problem, and what can be done about it?

Facts emerging from the studies of groundwater contamination raise more than concern from environmentalists. They raise legitimate …
Data-Driven Persona Retrospective Based on Persona Significance Index in B-to-B Software Development (2021)

Business-to-Business (B-to-B) software development companies develop services to satisfy their customers’ requirements. Developers should prioritize customer satisfaction because customers greatly influence agile software development. However, satisfying current customer’s requirements may not fulfill actual users or future customers’ requirements because customers’ requirements are not always derived from actual users. To reconcile these differences, developers should identify conflicts in their strategic plan. This plan should consider current commitments to end users and their intentions as well as employ a data-driven approach to adapt to rapid market changes. A persona models an end user representation in human-centered design. Although previous works have applied personas to software development and proposed data-driven software engineering frameworks with gap analysis between the effectiveness of commitments and expectations, the significance of developers’ commitment and quantitative decision-making are not considered. Developers often do not achieve their business goal due to conflicts. Hence, the target of commitments should be validated. To address these issues, we propose Data-Driven Persona Retrospective (DDR) to help developers plan future releases. DDR, which includes the Persona Significance Index (PerSI) to reflect developers’ commitments to end users’ personas, helps developers identify a gap between developers’ commitments to personas and expectations. In addition, DDR identifies release situations with conflicts based on PerSI. Specifically, we define four release cases, which include different situations and issues, and provide a method to determine the release case based on PerSI. Then we validate the release cases and their determinations through a case study involving a Japanese cloud application and discuss the effectiveness of DDR.