gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myelination in the absence of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyl-transferase and fatty acid 2 -hydroxylase (2011)

These data show that compact myelin can be formed with non-hydroxylated sphingomyelin as the predominant sphingolipid and suggest that the presence of HFA-GlcCer and HFA-sphingomyelin in Cgt-/- mice does not functionally compensate the loss of HFA-GalCer.
A ${N} \times {N}$ Architecture for 2-D Mirror-Type Optical Switches (2009)

This paper presents a switching architecture for any large port number optical cross connecting switch. We show the switching arrangement and the construction process to realize mirror-type optical switches. The proposed architecture refers to the Waksman network. Compared to other switching architectures, this architecture uses a minimum number of mirrors. Four guiding rules of the mirror arrangement method are proposed to assist building up a large port number mirror-type optical switch in an efficient way. By the analysis of all loss sources, the design parameters of the mirror are identified. The expandability and feasibility are verified. Furthermore, by an expert system, we can build up a lookup table to reduce the control complexity. The generalized simulation results show that the optical switch architecture of this paper is capable to archive the Bell Communications Research (BELLCORE) specification requirements for low and high port numbers.
Solution structure of At3g04780.1‐des15, an Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the C‐terminal domain of human thioredoxin‐like protein (2005)

The structure of At3g04780.1-des15, an Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the C-terminal domain of human thioredoxin-like protein, was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure is dominated by a beta-barrel sandwich. A two-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet, which seals off one end of the beta-barrel, is flanked by two flexible loops rich in acidic amino acids. Although this fold often provides a ligand binding site, the structure did not reveal an appreciable cavity inside the beta-barrel. The three-dimensional structure of At3g04780.1-des15 provides an entry point for understanding its functional role and those of its mammalian homologs.
Transdifferentiation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Dopaminergic Neurons Reactivates LINE-1 Repetitive Elements (2020)

In mammals, LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons constitute between 15% and 20% of the genome. Although only a few copies have retained the ability to retrotranspose, evidence in brain and differentiating pluripotent cells indicates that L1 retrotransposition occurs and creates mosaics in normal somatic tissues. The function of de novo insertions remains to be understood. The transdifferentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to dopaminergic neuronal fate provides a suitable model for studying L1 dynamics in a defined genomic and unaltered epigenomic background. We found that L1 elements are specifically re-expressed and mobilized during the initial stages of reprogramming and that their insertions into specific acceptor loci coincides with higher chromatin accessibility and creation of new transcribed units. Those events accompany the maturation of neuronal committed cells. We conclude that L1 retrotransposition is a non-random process correlating with chromatin opening and lncRNA production that accompanies direct somatic cell reprogramming.
<title>Adaptive search for morphological feature detectors</title> (1990)

A closed-loop hybrid learning system that facilitates the automatic design of a multi-class pattern recognition system is described. The design process has three phases: feature detector generation feature set selection and classification. In the first phase a large population of feature detectors based on morphological erosion and hit-or-miss operators is generated randomly. From this population an optimized subset of features is selected using a novel application of genetic algorithms. The selected features are then used to initialize a generalized Hamming neural network that performs image classification. This network provides the means for self-organizing the set of training patterns into additional subclasses this in turn dynamically alters the number of detectors and the size of the neural network. The design process uses system errors to gradually refine the set of feature vectors used in the classification subsystem. We describe an experiment in which the hybrid learning paradigm successfully generates a machine that distinguishes ten classes of handprinted numerical characters.
DEBATE SOBRE PERSPECTIVAS EN INVESTIGACIÓN EN HUMANIDADES (2013)

ACADEMICOS DE DIFERENTES INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR DEL PAIS PARTICIPARON EN LA MESA REDONDA EL FUTURO DE LA INVESTIGACION EN HUMANIDADES EN MEXICO, DONDE EXPUSIERON SUS PUNTOS DE VISTA SOBRE LAS PERSPECTIVAS DE ESTA AREA, ASI COMO LAS APORTACIONES Y RETOS QUE ENFRENTA.
The Antispermatogenic Effects of 5-Thio-D-Glucose in Male Rats (1977)

Temporary sterility is produced by 5-thio-D-glucose when administered in the diet to male mice. We report the effect this compound has on fertility in male rats, a second rodent species, when administered by oral intubation at doses of 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/kg. Weekly cohabitations with proestrous females followed by the number of implants observed at Day 15 of gestation was used to assess male fertility. Permanent sterility with loss of germinal epithelium was produced by 5-thio-D-glucose in male rats when treated for 8 weeks at 50 or 25 mg/kg while a similar regimen was reported reversible in mice. A 14 week treatment period at 12.5 mg/kg was required to produce infertility but the regimen caused sterility in more than half the animals treated. Histological examinations revealed the loss of all germ cells except spermatogonia, and occasionally, primary spermatocytes while Leydig and Sertoli cells and other body tissues appeared normal. With each regimen studied, libido and weight gain were unaffected and of the body organ weights taken, only the testis was reduced.
Cohort Profile Update: Africa Centre Demographic Information System (ACDIS) and population-based HIV survey (2020)

The aim of ACDIS was to describe the demographic, social and health impacts of a rapidly progressing HIV epidemic in rural South Africa, and to monitor the impact of intervention strategies. An initial cohort profile was published in 2008 and described findings from the first 6 years of data collection. Households are contacted three times annually to record information on births, deaths and migration patterns of all household members, including non-residents. Resident members aged 15 years are invited to participate in an annual individual-level survey, which includes an interview on general health and sexual behaviour, and collection of a dried blood spot (DBS) for anonymized HIV testing. Geographic coordinates are available for each homestead, allowing spatial analysis. In 2017, the ACDIS area was expanded to 845 km 2 and renamed the Population Intervention Programme (PIP), with 140 000 individuals (20 000 households) in 2018, including the communities of a recent clusterrandomized trial (CRT) of HIV treatment (Figure
Energy-subchannel allocation for energy harvesting nodes in frequency-selective channels (2015)

We consider an energy harvesting network with multiple transmission links in a frequency-selective fading channel. We formulate the problem of joint energy and subchannel allocation for all transmitters over a scheduling period, as a mixed integer program. With the predictions of the harvested energy and subchannel gains, we propose an algorithm to efficiently obtain the energy-subchannel allocations for all links over the scheduling period based on controlled water-filling. The proposed algorithm is shown to be asymptotically optimal when the bandwidth of the subchannel goes to zero. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is close to the upper-bound on the optimal performance, which is also outperforms various heuristic allocation policies.
Rapid differentiation of bovine and human tubercle bacilli based on a characteristic mutation in the bovine pyrazinamidase gene (1997)

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important veterinary disease that can also afflict humans. Although M. bovis shares an almost identical genome with M. tuberculosis, subtle differences in host specificity and several biochemical parameters can be used to distinguish the two closely related species. The current method for distinguishing M. bovis from M. tuberculosis relies on tedious testing of biochemical parameters, including natural resistance to pyrazinamide and defective pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of M. bovis strains. In this study, we report the development of a rapid PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis strains, based on the detection of a single characteristic point mutation in the PZase gene (pncA) of M. bovis. Eighty-seven of 89 M. bovis strains could be distinguished from M. tuberculosis strains. Surprisingly, two animal isolates which were initially identified as M. bovis were shown to be M. africanum because they had a wild-type pncA sequence with positive PZase. These two M. africanum strains contain multiple (three and six) copies of insertion sequence IS6110, a feature they have in common with M. tuberculosis. The implication of this finding for the taxonomy of M. tuberculosis complex is discussed in relation to host preference and epidemiology. The development of a rapid PCR-SSCP test for distinguishing M. bovis from M. tuberculosis will be useful for monitoring the spread of bovine TB to humans in areas where bovine TB is endemic and for directing the treatment of human TB caused by M. bovis.
Translations as semantic mirrors: from parallel corpus to wordnet (2004)

The paper reports from the project ‘From Parallel Corpus to Wordnet’ at the University of Bergen (2001–2004), which explores a method for deriving wordnet relations such as synonymy and hyponymy from data extracted from parallel corpora. Assumptions behind the method are that semantically closely related words ought to have strongly overlapping sets of translations, and words with wide meanings ought to have a larger number of translations than words with narrow meanings. Furthermore, if a word a is a hyponym of a word b (such as tasty of good, for example), then the possible translations of a ought to be a subset of the possible translations of b. Based on assumptions like these a set of definitions are formulated, defining semantic concepts like, e.g., ‘synonymy’, ‘hyponymy’, ‘ambiguity’ and ‘semantic field’ in translational terms. The definitions are implemented in a computer program which takes words with their sets of translations from the corpus as input and performs the following calculations: (1) On the basis of the input different senses of each word are identified. (2) The senses are grouped in semantic fields based on overlapping sets of translations, such overlap being assumed to indicate semantic relatedness. (3) On the basis of the structure of a semantic field a set of features is assigned to each individual sense in it, coding its relations to other senses in the field. (4) Based on intersections and inclusions among these feature sets a semilattice is calculated with the senses as nodes. According to our hypothesis, hyponymy/hyperonymy, near-synonymy and other semantic relations among the senses now appear through dominance and other relations among the nodes in the semilattice. Thus, the semilattice is supposed to contain some of the semantic information we want to represent in wordnets. (5) In accordance with this assumption, thesaurus-like entries for words are generated from the information in the semilattice. In the project these assumptions are tested against data from the English- Norwegian Parallel Corpus ENPC (Johansson 1997).
Contact patterning by laser printing for flexible electronics on paper (2019)

Abstract The desire for cost-effective strategies for producing organic electronic devices has led to many new methods for the organic semiconductor layer deposition; however, manufacturing contacts remains an expensive technique due to the high cost of both the materials used and the processing necessary for their patterning. In this work, we present a method for contact deposition and patterning, which overcomes these limitations and allows fabrication of all-printed organic thin-film transistors on paper. The method relies on depositing contacts using aerosol spray and patterning them with a digitally printed mask from an office laser printer, at ambient temperature and pressure. This technique, which we have denoted aerosol spray laser lithography, is cost-effective and extremely versatile in terms of material choice and electrode geometry. As the processing temperature does not exceed 155 °C, it is compatible with a variety of substrates, including plastic or paper. The success of this method marks an opportunity for a rapid, scalable, and low-cost alternative to current electrode-manufacturing techniques for development of flexible, large-area, electronic applications.
Molecular Interactions between the Specialist Herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and Its Natural Host Nicotiana attenuata. VII. Changes in the Plant's Proteome (2006)

When Manduca sexta attacks Nicotiana attenuata, fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) in the larvae's oral secretions (OS) are introduced into feeding wounds. These FACs trigger a transcriptional response that is similar to the response induced by insect damage. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we characterized the proteins in phenolic extracts and in a nuclear fraction of leaves elicited by larval attack, and/or in leaves wounded and treated with OS, FAC-free OS, and synthetic FACs. Phenolic extracts yielded approximately 600 protein spots, many of which were altered by elicitation, whereas nuclear protein fractions yielded approximately 100 spots, most of which were unchanged by elicitation. Reproducible elicitor-induced changes in 90 spots were characterized. In general, proteins that increased were involved in primary metabolism, defense, and transcriptional and translational regulation; those that decreased were involved in photosynthesis. Like the transcriptional defense responses, proteomic changes were strongly elicited by the FACs in OS. A semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach based on peptide sequences was used to compare transcript and protein accumulation patterns for 17 candidate proteins. In six cases the patterns of elicited transcript accumulation were consistent with those of elicited protein accumulation. Functional analysis of one of the identified proteins involved in photosynthesis, RuBPCase activase, was accomplished by virus-induced gene silencing. Plants with decreased levels of RuBPCase activase protein had reduced photosynthetic rates and RuBPCase activity, and less biomass, responses consistent with those of herbivore-attacked plants. We conclude that the response of the plant's proteome to herbivore elicitation is complex, and integrated transcriptome-proteome-metabolome analysis is required to fully understand this ubiquitous ecological interaction.
x86 Instruction Set Architecture (2010)

The Instruction Set Architecture, or ISA, is defined as that part of the processor architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external IO. With the exception of some small deviations and differences in terminology, all Intel and AMD x86 processors share a common ISA. This book focuses on those shared attributes (it does not cover those areas where the two companies have chosen widely divergent solutions which, by definition, fall outside of the ISA specification). If you re looking for a comprehensive book designed to bootstrap you up quickly on virtually all aspects of the x86 32/64-bit Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), we respectfully ask you to consider this book. Essential topics covered include: Basic Terms and Concepts Operating Mode/SubMode Introduction A (very) Brief History State After Reset Intro to the IA-32 Ecosystem Instruction Set Expansion 32-bit Machine Language Instruction Format Real Mode (8086 Emulation) Legacy x87 FP Support Introduction to Multitasking Multitasking-Related Issues Summary of the Protection Mechanisms Protected Mode Memory Addressing Code, Calls and Privilege Checks Data and Stack Segments IA-32 Address Translation Mechanisms Memory Type Configuration Task Switching Protected Mode Interrupts and Exceptions Virtual 8086 Mode The MMX Facilities The SSE Facilities IA-32e OS Environment IA-32e Address Translation Compatibility Mode 64-bit Register Overview 64-bit Operands and Addressing 64-bit Machine Language Instruction Format 64-bit Odds and Ends Transitioning to Protected Mode Transitioning to IA-32e Mode Introduction to Virtualization Technology System Management Mode (SMM) Machine Check Architecture (MCA) The Local and IO APICs
The virtual test lab (2005)

Systems companies today face increasingly complex and expensive testing challenges that require innovative solutions. One approach to address the problem uses full-system simulation with virtual hardware early on and throughout the development process. Recent technological advances in virtualization now satisfy the demands of software development, enabling the construction of a software model of the complete system that can run on the developer's desktop PC. Virtualization is so accurate it can run the fabled golden code - the actual binary that ships in the final product. A virtual test laboratory can simulate not only the system being tested but also the other systems it interacts with.
Building "Capacity" for Education Research among Scholars of the Global South: Learning from the Case of an International Research Collaboration in Tanzania. (2013)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2013. Major:Educational Policy and Administration. Advisor: Dr. Frances K. Vavrus. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 269 pages, appendices A-E.
Comparison of cisplatin (CDDP) and radiation (RT) to cetuximab (C) and RT for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC): A preliminary analysis (2009)

6042 Background: Both concurrent CDDP/RT and C/RT have been shown in randomized trials to yield superior disease control compared to RT alone in LAHNC, but no randomized trial has compared them. We evaluated our center's experience with these regimens. Methods: From 3/1/06 - 4/1/08, 175 patients were retrospectively identified who received definitive treatment for LAHNC with CDDP (planned total dose 100 mg/m 2 Q3 weeks X 3) and RT (n = 125) or C (400 mg/m 2 load; 250 mg/m 2 weekly) and RT (n = 50). Patients who received prior RT, additional systemic therapy, and/or surgery to the primary site were excluded. C was given for the following reasons: auditory 30%, renal 4%, cardiac 2%, performance status 18%, patient choice 16%, neuropathy 4%, unknown 2%, and a combination of factors 24%. The median age: CDDP group 56, 6% &gt;71; C group 66.5, 40% &gt;71. Additional CDDP and C features: male sex, 86 v 78%; stage IV, 70 v 68%; and oropharynx, 78 v 70%. Median RT dose (70 Gy), RT length (46 days), and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (90%) were the same; alcohol/tobacco use was similar. Results: At a median follow up of 18.7 months, with death without local failure (LF) as a competing risk, the 18 month LF incidence rate was 2.5% in the CDDP group and 43.3% in the C group (p &lt; 0.0001), with the latest event occurring at 16.5 months. The 18 month disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 85.7 v 40.9%, and 96.8 v 73.1%, in favor of CDDP (p &lt; 0.0001 for both). Initially, 21 variables were assessed for significance, and when Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis to address prognostic imbalances, treatment with CDDP still predicted for improved LF, DFS, and OS (p &lt; 0.0001 for LF and DFS; p = 0.0017 for OS). For OS analysis, the concordance probability estimates were .67 for using drug choice alone and .80 for using drug choice, T stage, RT dose, and KPS. Conclusions: CDDP/RT and C/RT were used to treat somewhat different populations with LAHNC. The observed superiority of CDDP/RT compared to C/RT in LF, DFS, and OS may reflect patient selection issues. However, preliminary multivariate modeling suggests that CDDP/RT remains the preferred option for fit patients pending further analyses and prospective studies comparing these regimens. [Table: see text]
Efficacy of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Wound Healing in Rabbits (2008)

The PRP treatment enhanced healing in full-thickness wounds by reducing the contraction rate with a trend toward acceleration of the epithelial migration and the angiogenic response. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to improve statistical sensitivity. Longer time intervals and modifications of PRP volume should also be explored to evaluate the long-term efficacy of PRP on wound healing.
Lamina-Specific Alterations in the Dopamine Innervation of the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenic Subjects (1999)

These findings reveal that schizophrenia is associated with an altered dopamine innervation of prefrontal cortex area 9 that is lamina- and neurotransmitter-specific and that does not appear to be a consequence of pharmacological treatment. Together, these data provide direct evidence for a disturbance in dopamine neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects.
Highly Spin-Polarized Field Emissions Induced by Quantum Size Effects in Ultrathin Films of Fe on W(001) (2006)

Spin-polarized field emissions from Fe pseudomorphic ultrathin films on W(001) surfaces are studied by density functional calculations. We found that nearly completely spin-polarized field emission currents can be realized in two and four Fe layers on W(001) and that these systems have the additional advantages of thermal stability and low work functions. The unusually high spin polarizations of the field emission current is traced to the Fe film's quantum size effects leading to spin-polarized quantum well states and surface resonance states.
<title>Materials for 3D memory devices</title> (1994)

The physical properties of the write and read forms of materials which may be used for permanent storage of information in 3D memory devices have been evaluated by means of picosecond and nanosecond spectroscopy. The writing and reading speed has also been determined.
Plasmodium falciparum Genes Differentially Expressed During Merozoite Morphogenesis (2005)

While the Plasmodium falciparum fully annotated genome has now been released, functional analysis of its expected about 5300 genes remains to be carried out to understand their roles during the parasite development, in particular for about 60% of genes devoid of significant similarities in other species. Here, a suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) screen was used to identify genes coding for proteins expressed during merozoite morphogenesis. The resulting library yielded clones with cDNA inserts ranging from a few hundreds to about a thousand base pairs. We report here the analysis of 50 independent cDNA clones and of the corresponding 40 P. falciparum genes. While 27.5% of them turned out to be previously described genes, all known to code for proteins expressed in schizont/merozoite stages (EBA‐175, MSP‐1, MSP‐3, MSP‐6, ABRA/MSP‐9, coronin, myosin A and the CLAG/RhopH1 protein), the remaining 72.5% were “putative” and “hypothetical” genes, coding for a variety of proteins among which we found several protease orthologs and orthologs of cytoskeleton‐associated and/or actin‐interacting proteins such as dynamin and formin‐2 as well as other rhoptry proteins. In addition to providing experimental evidence for their expression in schizont/merozoite stages, we discuss how these genes represent original candidates to investigate the molecular events required to elaborate infective merozoites.