gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides with an immobilized rice (Oryza sativa) lectin column (1988)

The carbohydrate-binding specificity of rice (Oryza sativa) lectin was investigated by testing the ability of radioactively labelled glycopeptides and oligosaccharides to bind to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column. Rice lectin binds asparagine-linked oligosaccharides through the core NN'-diacetylchitobiose moiety. Whereas beta 1-4-mannose enhances the binding strength only to a small extent, alpha 1-3-linked core mannose increases it considerably. A core alpha 1-6-linked mannose residue has a slightly inhibitory effect. Binding is not affected when one or both of the alpha-mannose residues are substituted with mannose at C-2, C-3 and C-6 or with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at C-2 positions. The presence of an alpha 1-6-fucose residue attached to the asparagine-linked GlcNAc also does not affect the binding. The binding of complex biantennary glycopeptides is not altered by the presence of one or two galactose residues in the non-reducing terminus, but the presence of one or two sialic acid residues decreases the binding capacity. A bisecting beta 1-4-linked GlcNAc attached to beta-linked mannose residue enhances the binding of sialo, asialo and asialoagalacto complex biantennary-type glycopeptides. Bisected hybrid-type glycopeptides bind very tightly to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column: Substitution of alpha 1-3-mannose residue at C-2 and C-4 with GlcNAc completely inhibits the binding of both bisected and non-bisected complex asparagine-linked glycopeptides. O-Glycosidically linked oligosaccharides containing GlcNAc bind very weakly to a rice lectin column. The applicability of immobilized rice lectin columns in the fractionation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides is discussed.
The relevance of low skin temperature inhibiting histamine‐induced itch to the location of contact urticarial symptoms in the fish processing industry (1989)

We have studied the influence of cold exposure on itch, erythema and wheal, in response to histamine scratch tests, in 14 volunteers. Cooling of the skin to less than 20 degrees C, by application of an ice cube for 30 min on the inside of the forearm, abolished itch and reduced erythema by approximately 50%, whereas the size of the wheal was unaffected by cooling. The observations bear significance for an explanation of the well-known observation that cold relieves itch. A normal itch response seems to require a continuous metabolic process in the skin, which is inhibited at temperatures less than 20 degrees C. The skin symptoms, itching and erythema, among workers in the fish processing industry are mainly localized to the forearms and backs of the hands, but only seldom to the fingers and palms, although they are in direct contact with fish products. Skin temperature measurements have shown that the temperature on the fingers and palms is less than 20 degrees C, while the temperature on the backs of the hands and forearms ranges from 25 to 30 degrees C. We therefore conclude that the skin temperature is an important factor for the location of skin symptoms among workers in the fish processing industry.
Does Electroporation Occur During the Ohmic Heating of Food? (2005)

ABSTRACT: The effect of temperature on electroporation of plant tissues during the pulsed electric field (PEF) or alternative current (AC) treatment was studied. The characteristic damage time t, which determines effectiveness of the electroporation mechanism in plant tissue damage, was estimated for potatoes tissues in the range of electric field strengths E = 40 to 500 V/cm and at temperatures T = 22°C and T = 49 °C in PEF treatment experiments. Experimental results of the AC ohmic heating of potato and apple tissues are evidence of the importance of the electroporation mechanism of tissue damage at moderate electric fields (MEF), when the electric field strength E is under 100 V/cm, and show that effectiveness of this mechanism increases with temperature increase.
Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs (2019)

Two mutations, G112D and M230I, were selected in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). G112D is located near the HIV-1 polymerase active site; M230I is located near the hydrophobic region where NNRTIs bind. Thus, M230I could directly interfere with NNRTI binding but G112D could not. Biochemical and virological assays were performed to analyze the effects of these mutations individually and in combination. M230I alone caused a reduction in susceptibility to NNRTIs, while G112D alone did not. The G112D/M230I double mutant was less susceptible to NNRTIs than was M230I alone. In contrast, both mutations affected the ability of RT to incorporate nucleoside analogs. We suggest that the mutations interact with each other via the bound nucleic acid substrate; the nucleic acid forms part of the polymerase active site, which is near G112D. The positioning of the nucleic acid is influenced by its interactions with the "primer grip" region and could be influenced by the M230I mutation.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly successful, drug-resistant variants can arise that blunt the efficacy of ART. New inhibitors that are broadly effective against known drug-resistant variants are needed, although such compounds might select for novel resistance mutations that affect the sensitivity of the virus to other compounds. Compound 13 selects for resistance mutations that differ from traditional NNRTI resistance mutations. These mutations cause increased sensitivity to NRTIs, such as AZT.
Simulating Flexible Aircraft in a Full Motion Simulator (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3318.vid Classical flight dynamics analyses and pilot-in-the-loop simulations are traditionally based on rigid-body aircraft models. The assumption of rigid aircraft is acceptable for classical aircraft designs. However, present ecological and economical constraints require modern passenger aircraft to become more efficient and reduce their emissions. This leads to optimized aircraft designs with light structures and high aspect ratios, which exhibit an increased aeroelastic flexibility. These modern more flexible aircraft do not necessarily allow the assumption of rigid-body modeling approaches anymore but require the inclusion of structural flexibility for flight dynamics analyses and handling qualities assessments. This also affects pilot-in-the-loop simulations in a full-motion simulator, where the consideration of structural flexibility is no common practice. The present paper describes the preparation of an extensive simulator campaign with a flexible aircraft. It addresses the question of how to integrate the oscillations resulting from the structural flexibility into the motion filter of the simulator to achieve a realistic feeling of the flexible modes.
Brain death in early infancy. (1994)

Guidelines for the determination of brain death in infants and children are now well established. Coma, absence of cranial nerve reflexes, and apnea are required in all patients. In children less than 1 year of age, supportive neurodiagnostic studies (electroencephalograms and cerebral blood flow) are recommended. Data on 52 pediatric heart donor patients were reviewed to assess whether current criteria and procedures were used in the determination of brain death. The mean age of the donors (14.3 months) was higher than that of the recipients (2.6 months). In all patients the hospital records documented coma, fixed dilated pupils, absent brain stem reflexes, apnea, and verification of the diagnosis of brain death by two physicians who were not part of the transplantation team. In 27 of 52 patients, apnea challenge tests were performed; the mean PCO2 was 73.3 torr. Thirty-three of 52 patients had electroencephalograms performed; electrocerebral silence was found in 28 of 33 studies. Twenty-two of 52 patients had cerebral blood flow studies; in 19 of 22 studies the absence of flow was observed. Of the 52 patients the following number of organs were transplanted: heart (52), liver (34), kidneys (15), corneas (6), lung (4), and pancreas (2). These data indicate that the diagnosis of brain death is being made accurately and in a timely manner as is the harvesting of organs. Improvements could be made by requiring, if possible, the performance of an apnea challenge test in all patients. The data also suggest the potential to increase the donor yield.
A multifunctional catalyst that stereoselectively assembles prodrugs (2017)

The catalytic stereoselective synthesis of compounds with chiral phosphorus centers remains an unsolved problem. State-of-the-art methods rely on resolution or stoichiometric chiral auxiliaries. Phosphoramidate prodrugs are a critical component of pronucleotide (ProTide) therapies used in the treatment of viral disease and cancer. Here we describe the development of a catalytic stereoselective method for the installation of phosphorus-stereogenic phosphoramidates to nucleosides through a dynamic stereoselective process. Detailed mechanistic studies and computational modeling led to the rational design of a multifunctional catalyst that enables stereoselectivity as high as 99:1.
Development on the generation of coherent UV light from nonlinear optical borate crystals (2001)

The generation of coherent UV light by high-quality CLBO (CsLiB/sub 6/O/sub 10/) is described. The performance this solid-state UV light source with NLO crystals can be further enhanced when thermal dephasing is alleviated and the surface resistance against laser-induced damages is enhanced. In particular, CLBO showed long-term stability as evidenced where UV radiation from CLBO is used for pulsed-laser deposition with promising reliability and stability.
An Experimental Protocol of the Model to Quantify Traction Applied to the Retina by Vitreous Cutters (2010)

The present study establishes a new reproducible technique to quantify vitreoretinal traction during vitrectomy and demonstrates that the effects of aspiration, distance from the retina, and cut rate are crucial factors in the amount of retinal traction created by vitreous cutters.
Functional and molecular characterization of the vascular endothelial response to fluid shear stress (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, 1994.
Fused Heterocycles, Furo[3,2-d]pyrimidines and Dihydrocyclopenta[d]pyrimidines, as Potential New Herbicides (1992)

(1992). Fused Heterocycles, Furo[3,2-d]pyrimidines and Dihydrocyclopenta[d]pyrimidines, as Potential New Herbicides. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry: Vol. 56, No. 11, pp. 1897-1899.
Nonlinear optical response of cofacial phthalocyanine dimers and trimers (1997)

The effects of intermacrocycle interactions on the second hyperpolarizabilities 〈γ(−ω;ω,−ω,ω)〉 of cofacial phthalocyanine dimers and trimers are studied. A theoretical analysis is presented based on the Frenkel exciton model for a chain of three level molecules. Using a simplified analysis in the static and near-resonant regimes we identify two mechanisms which lead to enhancements in the dimer or trimer value of 〈γ(−ω;ω,−ω,ω)〉 over that of the monomer. The first mechanism is a disruption of the balance between type I and type II terms in the sum over states expression for the second hyperpolarizability tensor γkjih(−ω;ω,−ω,ω), caused by weak intermacrocycle interactions. The second is a near-resonance enhancement of the type II terms due to an intermacrocycle interaction induced shift in the monomer derived two-photon allowed states towards twice the laser photon energy. This analysis is in good agreement with recent degenerate four wave mixing experiments [SPIE Proc. 2527, 61 (1995)] which showed a strong enhancement of 〈γ(−ω;ω,−ω,ω)〉 for SiPcO oligomers as a function of the number of macrocycles. Our calculations suggest that the first mechanism is responsible for the 25-fold monomer to dimer enhancement measured in this system, and that the additional 4-fold enhancement found in going from the dimer to the trimer is primarily the result of the second mechanism.
Electronic Frequency Converter (2010)

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The origin and language-like evolutionary behavior of proteins and translation (2022)

While the origin and early evolution of proteins and their biosynthetic mechanisms remain mysterious, advances in evolutionary genomics and systems biology are facilitating the historical exploration of the structure, function and organization of proteins and proteomes. Here we describe how chronologies and networks provide a window into the past and untangle the emergence of proteins, the development of the biosynthetic apparatus, and a language behind translation and ribosomal growth.
Correlation Between Objective Automatic and Auscultatory Mercury Manometer Blood Pressure Measurements (1990)

The automatic blood pressure (BP) measurement device (A) developed for the World Health Organization (WHO) Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study was compared in Spain with the standard auscultatory-mercury manometer (M) in 440 randomly selected subjects, 50-54 years old (50% men and 50% women). BPs were recorded simultaneously in the same arm. Systolic BP (SBP), analyzed in 1,440 readings, was 127.5 +/- 18.9 mm Hg by A system and 127.6 +/- 18.6 mm Hg by M system (NS). Diastolic BP (DBP) was 71.3 +/- 11.7 mm Hg by A and 79.3 +/- 11 mm Hg by M (p less than 0.001). We confirmed good correlations in SBP and DBP measured by both methods (r = 0.95 and r = 0.88, respectively; both p less than 0.001). Nearly complete consistency was noted between SBP readings by both methods but not between DBP readings; the readings by M were significantly higher than those by A. Since A's consistency with SBP and DBP readings obtained by the intra-arterial method (the most commonly used method) previously had been proven to be satisfactory, DBP obtained by clinical practice is possibly overestimated in adults.
Xenograft and organoid model systems in cancer research (2019)

Patient-derived tumour xenografts and tumour organoids have become important preclinical model systems for cancer research. Both models maintain key features from their parental tumours, such as genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which allows them to be used for a wide spectrum of applications. In contrast to patient-derived xenografts, organoids can be established and expanded with high efficiency from primary patient material. On the other hand, xenografts retain tumour-stroma interactions, which are known to contribute to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in patient-derived tumour xenograft and tumour organoid model systems and compare their promises and challenges as preclinical models in cancer research.
Regioselective Transformation of Long π‐Conjugated Backbones: From Oligofurans to Oligoarenes (2017)

Abstract We demonstrate the transformation of oligofurans through sequential Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions to provide oligoarenes in two chemical steps, regardless of the oligomer length. By this method, oligonaphthalenes containing up to six units were obtained in high yield through the formation of up to 12 new C−C bonds. The versatility of this method was demonstrated for various polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The regioselectivity of this process enabled the synthesis of a library of substituted triarylenes from a single terfuran precursor by modification of the dienophile strength and the order of addition. Overall, this study demonstrates that long oligofurans are interesting not only as organic electronic materials, but also as starting materials for the formation of various conjugated systems.
Population Distribution Projection by Modeling Geo Homophily in Online Social Networks (2017)

Today, many applications depend on the projection on the population distribution in geographical regions, such as launching marketing campaigns and enhancing the public safety in certain densely-populated areas. Demographic and sociological researches have provided various ways of collecting people's trajectory data through offline means. However, collecting offline data consumes a lot of resources, and the data availability is usually limited. Fortunately, the wide spread of online social network (OSN) applications over mobile devices reflect many geographical information, where we could devise a light weight approach of conducting the study on the projection of the population distribution using the online data. In this paper, we propose a geo-homophily model in OSNs to help project the population distribution in a given division of geographical regions. We establish a three-layer theoretic framework: It first describes the relationship between the online message diffusion among friends in the OSN and the offline population distribution over a given division of regions via a Dirichlet process, and then projects the floating population across the regions. Evaluations over large-scale OSN datasets show that the proposed prediction models can characterize the process of the formation of the population distribution and the changes of the floating population over time with a high prediction accuracy.
CAD‐based automated robot trajectory planning for spray painting of free‐form surfaces (2002)

Automatic trajectory generation for spray painting is highly desirable for today's automotive manufacturing. Generating paint gun trajectories for free-form surfaces to satisfy paint thickness requirements is still highly challenging due to the complex geometry of free-form surfaces. In this paper, a CAD-guided paint gun trajectory generation system for free-form surfaces has been developed. The system utilizes the CAD information of a free-form surface to be painted and a paint gun model to generate a paint gun trajectory to satisfy the paint thickness requirements. A paint thickness verification method is also provided to verify the generated trajectories. The simulation results have shown that the trajectory generation system achieves satisfactory performance. This trajectory generation system can also be applied to generate trajectories for many other CAD-guided robot trajectory planning applications.
Association Between Alzheimer Dementia Mortality Rate and Altitude in California Counties (2015)

a The coefficient represents the change in the dementia-related death rate (per 100 000) for each doubling in altitude. A negative coefficient indicates lower rates at higher altitudes. b Sociodemographic variables are percentage female, percentage with college education, average income, and percentage white, black, Hispanic, and Asian. jamapsychiatry.com
A 600-MHz superscalar floating-point processor (1999)

The floating-point unit of a 600-MHz, out-of order, superscalar RISC Alpha microprocessor is described. The unit achieves 59 SpecFP95 and can transfer register data at up to 9.6 GB/s. It has two independent pipelines for multiply and add/subtract operations, with iterative divide and square-root circuits, and is fabricated in a 2.2-V, 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Oxidative ionothermal synthesis for micro and macro Zn-based materials (2020)

Zn-Based materials produced by direct oxidation of metallic zinc in aqueous [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>1</sub>im]Cl solutions.
Mass Flow Rate and Isolation Characteristics of Injectors for Use with Self-Pressurizing Oxidizers in Hybrid Rockets (2013)

Self-pressurizing rocket propellants are currently gaining popularity in the propulsion community, particularly in hybrid rocket applications. Due to their high vapor pressure, these propellants can be driven out of a storage tank without the need for complicated pressurization systems or turbopumps, greatly minimizing the overall system complexity and mass. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the most commonly used self pressurizing oxidizer in hybrid rockets because it has a vapor pressure of approximately 730 pounds per square inch (5.03 megapascals) at room temperature and is highly storable. However, it can be difficult to model the feed system with these propellants due to the presence of two-phase flow, especially in the injector. An experimental test apparatus was developed in order to study the performance of nitrous oxide injectors over a wide range of operating conditions. Mass flow rate characterization has been performed to determine the effects of injector geometry and propellant sub-cooling (pressurization). It has been shown that rounded and chamfered inlets provide nearly identical mass flow rate improvement in comparison to square edged orifices. A particular emphasis has been placed on identifying the critical flow regime, where the flow rate is independent of backpressure (similar to choking). For a simple orifice style injector, it has been demonstrated that critical flow occurs when the downstream pressure falls sufficiently below the vapor pressure, ensuring bulk vapor formation within the injector element. It has been proposed to leverage the insensitivity of critical mass flow rate to downstream pressure as a means of preventing the occurrence of feed system coupled combustion instabilities in hybrid rockets utilizing nitrous oxide. Additionally, observations indicate that the existence of two-phase flow can attenuate pressure fluctuations traveling upstream through the injector, providing a degree of isolation between the feed line and downstream pressure disturbances. In consideration of safety, carbon dioxide (CO2) has been used as an analog to nitrous oxide in many of these studies. It has been observed experimentally that carbon dioxide serves as a good analog to nitrous oxide in both the single-phase and two-phase flow regimes.
Effect of the winglet on reduction of blade tip vortex from elliptical hydrofoil (2021)

Abstract It is well known that the performance of the turbomachinery (losses, vibrations, noise, and erosion) is often affected by the trailing vortex from the blade tip (Tip Leakage Vortex; TLV) of the impeller or propeller, and sometimes cavitation occurs in the center of the vortex core (Tip Vortex Cavitation; TVC). Many researches on the vortex characteristics of isolated hydrofoil by numerical simulations or experiments have been done so far, however, the research on understanding the mechanism of the vortex control technique is not enough, and it is important to mitigate the effect of TLV or TVC, to enhance the performance of turbomachinery. In this study, numerical simulation and experimental investigation were carried out to clarify the effect of winglet, attached to the elliptical hydrofoil (NACA16020). Five different winglet patterns were tested, changing bending angle and direction. Experiments were carried out using the high-speed cavitation tunnel in Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). As for numerical simulation, it was carried out in the same condition of the experiment. As a result, it was clarified that TVC decreased as increasing the bending angle of winglet, and disappeared in the case of 90 degree bent toward pressure side. And it is clarified that the vortex strength, in other word, vortex core pressure is affected by the interaction of the leading edge vortex and the tip vortex, and in case of pressure side 90 degree bended winglet, both vortices were mutually affected and cancelled the strength of these vortices.