gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Differential Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glaucoma (2022)

Glaucoma is an irreversible sight-threatening disorder primarily due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death by apoptosis with subsequent loss of optic nerve fibers. A considerable amount of empirical evidence has shown the significant association between tumor necrosis factor cytokine (TNF; TNFα) and glaucoma; however, the exact role of TNF in glaucoma progression remains unclear. Total inhibition of TNF against its receptors can cause side effects, although this is not the case when using selective inhibitors. In addition, TNF exerts its antithetic roles <i>via</i> stimulation of two receptors, TNF receptor I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor II (TNFR2). The pro-inflammatory responses and proapoptotic signaling pathways predominantly mediated through TNFR1, while neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic signals induced by TNFR2. In this review, we attempt to discuss the involvement of TNF receptors (TNFRs) and their signaling pathway in ocular tissues with focus on RGC and glial cells in glaucoma. This review also outlines the potential application TNFRs agonist and/or antagonists as neuroprotective strategy from a therapeutic standpoint. Taken together, a better understanding of the function of TNFRs may lead to the development of a treatment for glaucoma.
Wheat Gluten Meal Inhibits Germination and Growth of Broadleaf and Grassy Weeds (1999)

The herbicidal activity of wheat gluten meal (WGM) was evaluated on 17 species of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Treatments included WGM at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 g·dm -2 . Germination, shoot and root lengths, and root numbers were recorded. Treatments reduced germination and root extension in nearly all species. Leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), shepherd's purse [ Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.], henbit ( Lamium amplexicaule L.), quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.], annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.), Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.], orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.), purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were particularly sensitive. Germination of curly dock ( Rumex crispus L.) and common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.) was suppressed at the higher rates. Germination of black medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), spotted knapweed ( Centaurea maculosa Lam.), mustard ( Brassica sp.), and corn ( Zea mays L.) were not substantially affected at any rate. Shoot growth of all species was inhibited at rates &gt;2 g·dm -2 , and at the highest rates no shoots developed. In nine species, shoot extension was stimulated at 1 g·dm -2 WGM. The herbicidal activity of WGM was not due to a “mulching” effect, since growth characteristics were also altered in bean seeds barely covered by the treatments.
Microbial Deracemization of α‐Substituted Carboxylic Acids: Substrate Specificity and Mechanistic Investigation. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of Sn–Doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(B) Nanotube as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery (2015)

This paper reports the successful facile synthesis and characterization of Sn-doped TiO2(B) nanotubes by heat treatment of Sn2+-doped protonated titanate nanotubes (H2T3O7 NTs) under argon atmosphere. The prepared nanotubes were examined in detail in terms of their structural and morphological properties using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The detailed characterizations revealed that the prepared materials are nanotubes which are grown in very high density and possessing monoclinic structure. Further, the prepared nanotubes were used as anode material for the fabrication of efficient lithium ion battery. Interestingly, it was observed that, as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the prepared Sn-doped TiO2(B) nanotubes (TiO2(B) NTs) exhibited a capacity of 241.6 mAh g–1 after 100 discharge/charge cycles at 0.1 C, and retain 115.9 mAh g–1 after 10 cycles at 2 C. Apparently, the Sn2+ doping is improving the electrical conductivity and interface between electrode and electrolyte, which is highly useful to shorten Li+ transmission distance. The presented work demonstrates that Sn-doped TiO2(B) nanotubes might present themselves as a promising negative electrode material for the fabrication of efficient lithium-ion batteries.
Technologies for Practical Application of a TBW System for Large Motorcycle with Improved Driving Feel, Sound Quality, and Layout Flexibility (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Honda R&amp;amp;D has developed a throttle-by-wire (TBW) system that meets the needs of motorcycles where the attitude of the vehicle body is controlled by operation of the throttle. To gain high response and following for the throttle valve, we employed a new adaptive control algorithm. The newly developed system has an idling combustion stabilization function and a three-dimensional control function for the throttle-opening map based on running gear and engine speed. With those functions, we improved the controllability of the motorcycle, especially for small throttle openings. Furthermore, we improved the feeling of the limiter control used in maximum-speed limitation. For the overall system, intake system related devices are consolidated to improve the layout flexibility and expand the mounting options on the motorcycle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Glucose vs Sucrose in Oral Rehydration Solutions for Infants and Young Children with Rotavirus-Associated Diarrhea (1981)

The use of oral rehydration solutions containing essential electrolytes and either glucose or sucrose of equal osmolality was compared in a double-blind sequential trial of 784 children with rotavirus-associated diarrhea treated at a center in rural Bangladesh. The oral fluid failure rate was 11.5% for the sucrose-containing solution group and 7.3% for the glucose-containing group (P = NS). Vomiting was a significantly more common cause of failure for the group treated with sucrose-containing oral rehydration solution and was associated with an increased rate of intake of the sweeter sucrose-containing solution. The purging rate was not different for the two groups. The oral fluid failure rates for children in the most underweight category (less than 60% of expected weight for age) were not different from those for other groups, although, as assessed by purging rate and initial dehydration, the stool losses of members of this group constituted a greater proportion of their body weight. Glucose is the preferred carbohydrate for oral electrolyte solutions, although sucrose can be substituted with only minimum loss of efficacy.
Inhibition of lgE-receptor interactions (2000)

Immunoglobulin E plays a central role in allergic disease and, as our understanding of the network of interactions between IgE and its receptors improves, new opportunities for therapeutic intervention emerge. IgE binding to its 'high-affinity' receptor, Fc epsilon RI, first identified on mast cells and now known to be expressed on a variety of other cell types, is the best characterised interaction, and has attracted most attention. The 'low affinity' receptor, Fc epsilon RII/CD23, first found on B-cells, appears to be part of a more complex network that has yet to be fully elucidated. Two recent advances concerning the IgE-Fc epsilon RI interaction are noteworthy. The first is the development of a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, now in advanced clinical trials, which inhibits this interaction and certainly proves the viability of this approach. The second is the publication of the crystal structure of the complex between IgE and Fc epsilon RI, which opens the way for the first structure-based design of small molecule inhibitors.
GILT: Generating Images from Long Text (2019)

Creating an image reflecting the content of a long text is a complex process that requires a sense of creativity. For example, creating a book cover or a movie poster based on their summary or a food image based on its recipe. In this paper we present the new task of generating images from long text that does not describe the visual content of the image directly. For this, we build a system for generating high-resolution 256 $\times$ 256 images of food conditioned on their recipes. The relation between the recipe text (without its title) to the visual content of the image is vague, and the textual structure of recipes is complex, consisting of two sections (ingredients and instructions) both containing multiple sentences. We used the recipe1M dataset to train and evaluate our model that is based on a the StackGAN-v2 architecture.
Bioartificial Organ Grafts: A View at the Beginning of the Third Millennium (2003)

An immunoisolated collection of cells, which communicate and exchange essential factors, co-stimulatory hormones, as well as providing immunoprotection and immunomodulation, can be prepared, given existing scientific and medical know-how, within two decades. These "Bioartificial Organ Grafts" have advantages relative to isolated cell therapies, including beta-cell encapsulation for diabetes treatment, and xenotransplantation, which has a de facto moratorium. This paper documents that the majority of the research for the bioartificial organ grafts has been concluded, with the remaining hurdles minimum in comparison. The use of co-encapsulation and the induction of local immune-privilege will provide a more sensitive humoral hormonal response and graft survival, without systemic immunosuppression. A call for the staged implementation of bioartificial organ grafts, based on the best available medical practice, materials, tissue and technology available, is advocated. The implementation of bioartificial organ grafts can begin within the next two years, based on allografts succeeded by genetically modified human tissue, without the need to pass through a xenograft stage.
ALK expression favorably impacts the prognosis of NRAS‑mutated metastatic melanomas (2018)

Recent studies reported the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in malignant melanomas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ALK expression is associated with specific clinical and molecular characteristics of melanoma metastases, and to evaluate its correlation with survival outcomes. Seventy-one patients with metastatic melanoma were investigated. Clinical features and survival outcomes were analyzed and correlated to ALK expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to the mutational status of <i>BRAF, KRAS, NRAS</i>, and <i>PIK3CA</i>. No translocations or ALK alternative isoforms were identified. ALK expression was mainly detected in <i>NRAS</i> mutated metastatic lesions. Interestingly, among <i>NRAS</i>-mutated patients, ALK positive samples displayed a significantly more favorable outcome in terms of disease specific survival, as compared to ALK negative ones. In conclusion, we suggest that ALK positive/<i>NRAS</i> mutated metastases represent a specific subset of metastatic melanomas, associated with a better prognosis. Validation of these observations in larger cohorts could contribute to understand the molecular events cooperating to melanoma progression, in addition to open new perspectives in the clinical and therapeutic management of this subgroup of patients.
Werner syndrome protein associates with γH2AX in a manner that depends upon Nbs1 (2005)

The WRN protein is mutated in the chromosomally unstable Werner syndrome (WS) and the Nbs1 protein is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS). The Nbs1 protein is an integral component of the M/R/N complex. Although WRN is known to interact with this complex in response to gamma-irradiation, the mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that WRN co-localizes and associates with gamma H2AX, a marker protein of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), after cellular exposure to gamma-irradiation. While the DNA damage-inducible Nbs1 foci formation is normal in WS cells, WRN focus formation is defective in NBS cells. Consistent with this, gamma H2AX colocalizes with Nbs1 in WS cells but not with WRN in NBS cells. The defective WRN-gamma H2AX association in NBS cells can be complemented with wild-type Nbs1, but not with an Nbs1 S343A point mutant that lacks an ATM phosphorylation site. WRN associates with H2AX in a manner dependent upon the M/R/N complex. Our results suggest a novel pathway in which Nbs1 may recruit WRN to the site of DNA DSBs in an ATM-dependent manner.
Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Daptomycin-treated Enterococcal Bacteremia: It Is Time to Change the Breakpoint (2018)

For enterococcal bacteremia, a daptomycin fAUC/MIC >27.43 was associated with 30-day survival among low-acuity patients. As pharmacodynamics for the approved dose are optimized only when MIC ≤1 mg/L, these data continue to stress the importance of reevaluation of the susceptibility breakpoint.
Boy with an interstitial 1q (q31q41) duplication confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (1998)

A 20-year-old man with multiple anomalies caused by a de novo duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1 is presented. The patient suffers from severe mental retardation, epilepsy, bronchial stenosis, and minor anomalies (e.g., hirsutism, midface dysplasia, and beaked nose). A G-banding analysis of the patient's chromosomes showed additional segments in chromosome 1. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis with a chromosome 1 painting probe showed that the extra material originated from chromosome 1. Further analysis with cosmid probes demonstrated that the region involving chromosome bands 1q31 to q41 is present in a tandem duplication.
TGF-β induces degradation of TAL1/SCL by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through AKT-mediated phosphorylation (2009)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (TAL1), also known as stem cell leukemia (SCL), plays important roles in differentiation of hematopoietic and endothelial cells and is deregulated in a high percentage of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this report we show that the intracellular concentration of TAL1 is regulated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), which triggers its polyubiquitylation and degradation by the proteasome. This effect is mediated by AKT1, which phosphorylates TAL1 at threonine 90. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that this event increases association of TAL1 with the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. The E47 heterodimerization partner of TAL1 hinders this association. Our observations indicate that activation of the TGF-beta and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways might reverse overexpression of TAL1 in leukemic cells by inducing proteolysis of this important oncogene.
Modeling and Predicting the Short‐Term Evolution of the Geomagnetic Field (2018)

Abstract We propose a reduced dynamical system describing the coupled evolution of fluid flow and magnetic field at the top of the Earth's core between the years 1900 and 2014. The flow evolution is modeled with a first‐order autoregressive process, while the magnetic field obeys the classical frozen flux equation. An ensemble Kalman filter algorithm serves to constrain the dynamics with the geomagnetic field and its secular variation given by the COV‐OBS.x1 model. Using a large ensemble with 40,000 members provides meaningful statistics including reliable error estimates. The model highlights two distinct flow scales. Slowly varying large‐scale elements include the already documented eccentric gyre. Localized short‐lived structures include distinctly ageostophic features like the high‐latitude polar jet on the Northern Hemisphere. Comparisons with independent observations of the length‐of‐day variations not only validate the flow estimates but also suggest an acceleration of the geostrophic flows over the last century. Hindcasting tests show that our model outperforms simpler predictions bases (linear extrapolation and stationary flow). The predictability limit, of about 2,000 years for the magnetic dipole component, is mostly determined by the random fast varying dynamics of the flow and much less by the geomagnetic data quality or lack of small‐scale information.
Hierarchical Resource Allocation: Balancing Throughput and Energy Efficiency in Wireless Systems (2021)

A main challenge of 5G and beyond wireless systems is to efficiently utilize the available spectrum and simultaneously reduce the energy consumption. From the radio resource allocation perspective, the solution to this problem is to maximize the energy efficiency instead of the throughput. This results in the optimal benefit-cost ratio between data rate and energy consumption. It also often leads to a considerable reduction in throughput and, hence, an underutilization of the available spectrum. Contemporary approaches to balance these metrics based on multi-objective programming theory often lack operational meaning and finding the correct operating point requires careful experimentation and calibration. Instead, we propose the novel concept of hierarchical resource allocation where conflicting objectives are ordered by their importance. This results in a resource allocation algorithm that strives to minimize the transmit power while keeping the data rate close the maximum achievable throughput. In a typical multi-cell scenario, this strategy is shown to reduces the transmit power consumption by 65% at the cost of a 5% decrease in throughput. Moreover, this strategy also saves energy in scenarios where global energy efficiency maximization fails to achieve any gain over throughput maximization.
Enhancing the Capability of a COTS GNSS Signal Simulator via an Interface to a Software-based Signal Generator (2022)

The primary intent for an interface between a software-based signal generator and a COTS signal generator is the increased flexibility and deeper levels of configurability that can be achieved in a COTS signal generation environment with the help of software modules similar to how software-defined modules in GNSS software receiver provide configurability for testing sophisticated algorithms and upgrades in signal definitions. The software-defined modules that enhance the capability of COTS signal generator here are chosen to be a software-based signal generator which derives highly precise and proven signal generation capabilities from the existing vector tracking architecture in an advanced software receiver MuSNAT (Multi-Sensor Navigation Analysis Tool). However, the signal generation is limited at the level of producing IF samples and requires translation to RF level to assist complete end to end receiver testing. On the other hand, COTS signal generators are devices that are proven to generate high quality RF signals under different test standards but still lack a deeper level of adaptability. A solution that bridges both the requirements of the software and COTS signal generators is the introduction of a file-based interface between a software signal generator capable of generating measurement-level signal samples and COTS signal generator. The RF signal generated through the file-based interface is investigated under different receiver dynamics and multipath conditions against a reference COTS signal generator and IF-level software signal generator.
Syntheses of Diarylethenes by Perylene-catalyzed Photodesulfonylation from Ethenyl Sulfones (2020)

Diarylethenes were obtained from the corresponding ethenyl sulfones by photocatalyzed desulfonylation using UV or blue LEDs. When perylene and i-Pr2NEt were used as a photocatalyst and a sacrificin...
Impairment of PAR‐2‐mediated relaxation system in colonic smooth muscle after intestinal inflammation (2006)

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 plays important roles in intestinal inflammatory responses. Changes in PAR-2-mediated smooth muscle function may contribute pathophysiologically to the intestinal motility disorders often observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Stimulation of PAR-2 by trypsin-induced relaxation of carbachol- and KCl-induced contractions in normal rat colonic smooth muscle was completely resolved by tissue pretreatment with apamin, but not by pretreatment with l-NMMA or a cocktail of neuronal blockers (tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium and propranolol). In colon inflamed by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), trypsin-induced inhibitory effects were significantly reduced. Relaxation induced by SLIGRL-NH(2), a selective PAR-2-activating peptide, was also reduced in DSS-treated rat colon. However, inhibitory effects of 1-ethylbenzimidazolin-2-one, an activator of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel, were unaffected. Expression of PAR-2 mRNA in colonic muscularis externa was significantly lower in DSS-treated rats than in control rats. These results suggest that the PAR-2 mediated relaxation system in colonic smooth muscle is suppressed in this experimental colitis rat model, and may contribute to motility disorders in IBD.
Profiling Metabolic and Signaling Phenotype of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines (2022)

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide[1]. Most patients are diagnosed with non‐muscle invasive BC, which is associated with frequent recurrence. The prognosis for early‐stage bladder tumors is generally good; however, patients often progress to invasive disease resulting in a much less favorable outcome[2,3]. 3D cultures constitute more clinically relevant models than monolayers for studying cancer as spheroids recapitulate in vivo structures, cell‐cell interactions, nutrients and oxygen gradients[4]. In this study we conducted a comparative analysis of metabolism and cellular features of a panel of BC cell lines covering different stages/grades, grown in monolayer cultures and spheroids. Samples were analysed at different timepoints for cellular features, like spheroid morphology and viability, by quantitative imaging using Operetta CLS high‐throughput microscope. Here we show that high‐grade cell lines had an increased capacity to form viable spheroids. In addition, we used Seahorse technology to assess bioenergetic parameters, e.g. mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, and demonstrated that high‐grade cell lines grown in monolayer cultures present higher basal and maximal glycolysis compared to low‐grade cells, while mitochondrial respiration showed no obvious correlation with pathological grade. No obvious correlation was observed in the use of either mitochondrial respiration or glycolysis and pathological grade during spheroid formation, although some high‐grade cell lines, like HT1376, showed a preferential use of respiration for ATP production. Our laboratories have previously established the role of the progranulin/EphA2 axis in regulating motility, invasion and in vivo tumour formation in bladder cancer[6] but whether this pathway regulates the capacity of bladder cancer cells to form spheroids has not been established. Significantly, we provide now preliminary evidence that genetic targeting of either progranulin or EphA2 by CRISPR/Cas9 approaches modulated spheroid formation of invasive bladder cancer cells. Understanding the pathways and mechanisms regulating spheroid formation and metabolic changes of bladder cancer cells might contribute to the identification of novel targets and specific therapies for bladder cancer. 1. C. Yeung, et al (2014), Pharmacoeconomics, 32, 1093–1104. 2. M. Babjuk, et al. (2017), Eur. Urol., 71, 447–461. 3. J. Alfred Witjes, T. Lebret, E. M. Compérat, N. C. Cowan, et al. (2017), Eur. Urol., 71, 462–475. 4. I. Vasyutin, L. Zerihun, C. Ivan, A. Atala. (2019), Anticancer Res., 39, 1105–1118. 5. V. Pasquale, G. Ducci, G. Campioni, A. Ventrici, et al. (2020), Cells, 9, 1–26. 6. S. Buraschi, T. Neill, S.‐Q. Xu, C. Palladino, et al. (2020), Matrix Biol., 93, 10–24.