gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Factors in Rapid Processing (1954)

Shortening of the time of photographic processing may be desired to minimize delay before the resultant image can be used, to reduce the size of equipment, or to increase its productivity. Processing rate can be increased by the choice of sensitive materials of inherent high response to the action of processing baths, and by the use of highly-active baths at elevated temperatures. In some processes, the washing, or both the fixing and washing stages, may be eliminated.In all steps involving developing, fixing, washing, and drying, it is important to assure a continuous supply at the emulsion surface of fresh, fully-active solution, while removing the slower-acting used solution. The highest possible gradients for mass and heat transfer are desired and are obtained when quiescent fluid surface films are kept at minimum thickness by mechanical means or by turbulence. Processing is thus accelerated by intensive agitation of baths, spray application of wash water and chemical solutions, and by impingement drying. Washing is also accelerated by the use of chrome alum in preference to aluminium hardening baths, and by the use of washing “aids”. Typical rapid-processing equipment is illustrated.
Multi-photon microscopy in biological tissue with ultrashort shaped pulses (2007)

Multi-photon imaging with ultrashort (~10 fs) pulses has been limited by phase distortions introduced by microscope objectives. Here we present a number of advantages in biomedical imaging gained by phase-corrected and phase shaped femtosecond pulses.
Mexico hosts first Latin American conference on photography (1978)

Meeting Report| October 01 1978 Mexico hosts first Latin American conference on photography Gisele Freund Gisele Freund Gisele Freund,thewell-known photographer and photographic historian, now lives in Paris. Her pioneering book, Photography and Society, is due to be published this fall by Godine. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1978) 6 (3): 4. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1978.6.3.4 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gisele Freund; Mexico hosts first Latin American conference on photography. Afterimage 1 October 1978; 6 (3): 4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1978.6.3.4 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1978 by The Regents of the University of California1978 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cardiac specific expression of the green fluorescent protein during early murine embryonic development (1998)

We demonstrate the establishment of transgenic mice, where the expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is under control of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter. These mice display cardiac specific GFP expression already during early embryonic development. Prominent GFP fluorescence was observed at the earliest stage of the murine heart anlage (E8). Cardiomyocytes of different developmental stages proved GFP positive, but the intensity varied between cells. We further show that contractions of single GFP positive cardiomyocytes can be monitored within the intact embryo. At later stages of embryonic development, the skeletal musculature was also GFP positive, in line with the known expression pattern of cardiac alpha-actin. The tissue specific labeling of organs is a powerful new tool for embryological as well as functional investigations in vivo.
Co-Injection of Noncondensable Gas Improves ES-SAGD Performance in Shallow Oil Sands Reservoirs With a Small Top Water Zone (2010)

Abstract The majority of oil sands are too deep for surface mining extraction; hence, in-situ techniques such as Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) must be used. However, SAGD in low-pressure, top water, reservoirs shows relatively poor performance. To improve SAGD, solvent can be co-injected with steam, as in Expanding Solvent SAGD (ES-SAGD) leading to enhanced recovery, rates, and efficiency. Like most pressurized processes, a competent caprock is needed to prevent steam losses to maintain good efficiency and rates. There exist significant oil sand resources that are considered inaccessible because they are shallow (low-pressure) with little or no caprock with top water zones. Solvent addition allows reduced operating pressure, which makes it amenable for low pressure, shallow reservoirs. This research examines ES-SAGD, with non-condensable gas co-injection, in reservoirs with top water that has the potential to quench the chamber and stagnate oil drainage. The results reveal complex dynamics between the depletion chamber and overlying water zone and operating strategies that extend the life of the chamber thus raising the recovery factor. Low-pressure ES-SAGD operating strategies can be used to efficiently recover bitumen from shallow reservoirs with top water. A key finding from this study is that addition of non-condensable gas to ES-SAGD can significantly improve recovery, rate, and efficiency. Given the volume of shallow oil sands reservoirs with top water, development of processes to unlock this type of resource is important and critical to further growth of in situ oil sands recovery in Alberta. The results provide a technical basis to construct feasible low-pressure ES-SAGD processes for this type of reservoir.
Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning through Targeted Exploration (2011)

Recent Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, such as R-MAX, make (with high probability) only a small number of poor decisions. In practice, these algorithms do not scale well as the number of states grows because the algorithms spend too much effort exploring. We introduce an RL algorithm State TArgeted R-MAX (STAR-MAX) that explores a subset of the state space, called the exploration envelope ξ. When ξ equals the total state space, STAR-MAX behaves identically to R-MAX. When ξ is a subset of the state space, to keep exploration within ξ, a recovery rule β is needed. We compared existing algorithms with our algorithm employing various exploration envelopes. With an appropriate choice of ξ, STAR-MAX scales far better than existing RL algorithms as the number of states increases. A possible drawback of our algorithm is its dependence on a good choice of ξ and β. However, we show that an effective recovery rule β can be learned on-line and ξ can be learned from demonstrations. We also find that even randomly sampled exploration envelopes can improve cumulative rewards compared to R-MAX. We expect these results to lead to more efficient methods for RL in large-scale problems.
Nichtlineare Regression zur Auswertung von Indikator-Bindungsdaten unter Verwendung des programmierbaren Tischrechners K-1003 (1986)

Abstract The use of the minicomputer K 1003 for estimation of binding parameters by nonlinear regression analysis of RIA-data is reported. The mathematical fundamentals of nonlinear regression analysis by use of Gauss – Newton-Algorithm and its application on the computer K 1003 is briefly explaned. Equations for some easy binding models and its derivativs are presented. The advantage of nonlinear regression analysis over its linear expression (e.g. Scatchard plot) is demonstrated. Keywords: computer calculationsdata processingiterative methodsmathematical modelsradioassaytracer techniques
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of poly(oxyethylene) derivatives of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (ibuprofen) (1981)

The synthesis of three oligomeric derivatives of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (ibuprofen), namely, the monoester of tetraethylene glycol (I) and the diesters of poly(oxyethylene) samples having molecular weights of 1000 (+/- 50) and 2000 (+/- 150) (II and III), has been performed via the imidazolide method. The antiinflammatory activity of I-III, and of equivalent amounts of free drug, was determined in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay at different times after oral administration and found to be considerably prolonged in the case of the three derivatives. The lowest molecular weight derivative (I) also had an enhanced initial activity with regard to 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid. These results were confirmed by measuring the plasma levels of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid in rats at different times after oral administration.
Transient response of basal ganglia network in healthy and low-dopamine state (2021)

Abstract The basal ganglia (BG) are crucial for a variety of motor and cognitive functions. Changes induced by persistent low-dopamine (e.g. in Parkinson’s disease), result in aberrant changes in steady-state population activity ( β -band oscillations) and transient response of the BG. Typically, brief cortical stimulation results in a triphasic response in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr, output of the BG). The properties of the triphasic responses are shaped by dopamine levels. While it is relatively well understood how changes in BG result in aberrant steady state activity, it is not clear which BG interactions are crucial for the aberrant transient responses in the BG. Moreover, it is also not clear whether the same or different mechanisms underlie the aberrant changes in steady-state activity and aberrant transient response. Here we used numerical simulations of a network model of BG to identify the key factors that determine the shape of the transient responses. We show that an aberrant transient response of the SNr in low-dopamine state, involves changes in both, the direct pathway and the recurrent interactions within the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and between GPe and sub-thalamic nucleus. We found that the connections from D2-type spiny projection neurons to GPe are most crucial in shaping the transient response and by restoring them to their healthy level, we could restore the shape of transient response even in low-dopamine state. Finally, we show that the changes in BG that result in aberrant transient response are also sufficient to generate pathological oscillatory activity. Significance statement To understand how changes induced by low-dopamine (e.g. in Parkinson’s disease, PD) affect basal ganglia (BG) function, we need to identify the factors that determine the shape of BG responses to brief cortical stimuli. We show that transient response of the BG is also affected by recurrent interactions within the subnuclei of the BG, and not just feedforward pathways. We found that input and local connectivity within the globus pallidus externa are crucial for shaping the transient response. We also show that the same network changes may underlie both, pathological β -band oscillations and aberrant transient responses. Our results highlight the importance of the recurrent connectivity within the BG and provide a coherent view of emergence of pathological activity in PD.
Cardiac troponin I and T for ruling out coronary artery disease in suspected chronic coronary syndrome (2022)

To compare the performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T (hs-cTnI; hs-cTnT) in diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD<sub>50</sub>) in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). A total of 706 patients with suspected CCS, referred for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography, were included. cTn concentrations were measured using the Singulex hs-cTnI (limit of detection [LoD] 0.08 ng/L) and Roche hs-cTnT (LoD 3 ng/L) assays. Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD<sub>50</sub>) was defined as ≥ 50% coronary stenosis. Cardiovascular risk was determined by the NORRISK2-score. Median age of the patients was 65 (range 28-87) years, 35% were women. All patients had hs-cTnI concentrations above the LoD (median 1.9 [Q1-3 1.2-3.6] ng/L), 72% had hs-cTnT above the LoD (median 5 [Q1-3 2-11] ng/L). There was a graded relationship between hs-cTn concentrations and coronary artery calcium. Only hs-cTnI remained associated with CAD<sub>50</sub> in adjusted analyses (OR 1.20 95% Confidence Interval [1.05-1.38]), p = 0.009). The C-statistics for hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were 0.65 (95% CI [0.60-0.69]) and 0.60 (0.56-0.64). The highest specificity and negative predictive values for CAD<sub>50</sub> were in the lowest NORRISK2-tertile. hs-cTn concentrations provide diagnostic information in patients with suspected CCS, with superior performance of hs-cTnI compared to hs-cTnT in regard to CAD<sub>50</sub>. The diagnostic performance appeared best in those with low cardiovascular risk.
THE DIGITALIZATION OF STEEL PRODUCTION (2017)

State-of-the-art automation information technology and connectivity enables the digitalization of steel production that goes far beyond conventional automation of industrial production. Initiatives have been started around the globe to foster digitalization like IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) in the US, Industrie 4.0 in Germany or China 2025. Primetals Technologies is actively driving the digitalization shaping the future of steel production. Intelligent combination of sensor technology combined with digital models as well as quality and production planning and control systems leads to new dimensions in product quality and production cost reduction. New diagnostic ways allow intuitive fault tracing or processing to support faster maintenance. Digital assistants support both operation and maintenance using context-oriented or self-learned information.
Macroporous Ceramics Coated with Mesoporous Layer for Enzyme Encapsulation (2006)

Mesoporous silica with 5~10 nm pore size was coated over recycled ceramic, prepared from lake sludge, with pore size 100-200μm. The mesoporous silica coated ceramic was characterized by XRD, N2 sorption, SEM and TEM. The results clearly showed the formation of mesoporous coating on the macroporous ceramics. These ceramics with the mesoporous coating are specially suitable for stabilization of enzymes. The mesopore stabilized enzymes are recyclable catalysts and showed comparable performance with the free enzyme.
Volatile Components of African Mango (1985)

ABSTRACT Volatile components of African mango were isolated by vacuum distillation and fractionation on silica gel or by trapping on Tenax GC. Analysis by combined GC‐MS led to several compounds identified for the first time. Presence in the extract of isolongifolene, eremophilene (17%), and components related to bicyclogermacrene showed the variability of the volatile fraction of mango varieties. Some of these compounds, as well as A‐3 carene, may be typical of local varieties. The African mango studied is also characterized by presence of free acids: acetic (0.7%), butyric (6%) and hexanoic (5%); and ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate (5%). These compounds are part of the contribution of lipid metabolism to aroma of mango fruit.
Successful Treatment of Aplastic Anemia with G-CSF and High Dose Erythropoietin (1998)

We report the successful treatment of pancytopenia with G-CSF and high dose erythropoietin (Epo) in an elderly patient diagnosed with aplastic anemia (AA). Furthermore this effect is dose dependent for Epo in vivo. Detection of apoptosis by gel electrophoresis shows that high dose Epo protects bone marrow mononuclear cells from spontaneous apoptosis in vitro. These findings may explain some of the mechanisms of aplastic anemia.
[Cell cycle regulation after exposure to ionizing radiation]. (1999)

When cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, they initiate a complex response that includes the arrest of cell cycle progression in G1 and G2, apoptosis and DNA repair. DNA is an important subcellular target of ionizing radiation, but oxydative damage to plasma membrane lipids initiates signal transduction pathways that activate apoptosis and that may play a role in cell cycle regulation. How is DNA damage converted into intracellular signals for cell cycle arrest? The ataxia telangectasia mutant (ATM) protein and/or the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), that are both activated by DNA damage, may initiate cell cycle arrest by activating the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The p53 protein acts as a transcription factor and regulates expression of several components implicated in pathways that regulate cell cycle progression. The best known, p21WAF1/CIP1 protein, is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), a family of protein kinases known as key regulators of cell cycle progression. p21WAF1/CIP1 was shown to be able to inhibit several CDK, but is most effective toward G1/S cyclins. Other CDK inhibitors, p27KIP1 and p15INK4b are activated by irradiation and contribute to the G1 arrest. Moreover, radiation-induced G2 arrest was shown to require inhibitory phosphorylation of the kinase cdc2 via an ATM-dependent pathway. Mutations in cell cycle regulatory genes are common in human cancer and cell cycle regulatory deficiency can lead to increase resistance to ionizing radiation in cancer cells. The major function of p53-dependent G1 arrest may be elimination of cells containing DNA damage whereas G2 arrest following radiation has been shown to be important in protecting cells from death. Cell cycle checkpoints offer a new set of potential targets for chemotherapeutic compounds, especially the G2 checkpoint. Thus, abrogation of the G2 checkpoint with methylxanthines such as caffeine or protein kinase inhibitors such as staurosporine and UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) was found to sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. These data did not lead to clinical applications, but confirm targeting of the G2 checkpoint may be an important strategy for cancer therapy.
Methyl jasmonate affects phenolic metabolism and gene expression in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (2014)

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is a fruit very much appreciated by consumers for its antioxidant potential and health-promoting traits. Its beneficial potential properties are mainly due to a high content of anthocyanins and their amount can change after elicitation with methyl jasmonate. The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes in expression of several genes, accumulation of phenolic compounds and alterations in antioxidant potential in two different blueberry cultivars ('Duke' and 'Blueray') in response to methyl jasmonate (0.1 mM). Results showed that 9 h after treatment, the expression of phenylalanine ammonium lyase, chalcone synthase and anthocyanidin synthase genes was stimulated more in the 'Blueray' variety. Among the phenols measured an increase was recorded also for epicatechin and anthocyanin concentrations. 'Duke' is a richer sourche of anthocyanins compared to 'Blueray', treatment with methyl jasmonate promoted in 'Blueray' an increase in pigments as well as in the antioxidant potential, especially in fully ripe berries, but treated 'Duke' berries had greater levels, which were not induced by methyl jasmonate treatment. In conclusion, methyl jasmonate was, in some cases, an effective elicitor of phenolic metabolism and gene expression in blueberry, though with different intensity between cultivars.
RE: “VASECTOMY AND THE RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER” (1991)

Journal Article RE: “VASECTOMY AND THE RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER” Get access Margaret R. Spitz, Margaret R. Spitz University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control HoustonTexas 77030 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John J. Fueger, John J. Fueger University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control HoustonTexas 77030 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Joseph Babaian, R. Joseph Babaian University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control HoustonTexas 77030 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guy R. Newell Guy R. Newell University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control HoustonTexas 77030 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 134, Issue 1, 1 July 1991, Pages 108–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115986 Published: 01 July 1991
Supplementary Figure S3andS4 from H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;H3B-6527 efficacy studies in 30 PDX models show that 10 models are responsive&lt;/p&gt;
Anomalous bending of a polyelectrolyte (2003)

We report on a study of the shape of a stiff, charged rod that is subjected to equal and opposite force couples at its two ends. Unlike a neutral elastic rod, which forms a constant curvature configuration under such influences, the charged rod tends to flatten in the interior and accumulate the curvature in the end points, to maximally reduce the electrostatic self-repulsion. The effect of this nonuniform bending on the effective elasticity and on the statistical conformations of a fluctuating charged rod is discussed. An alternative definition for the electrostatic persistence length is suggested. This definition is found to be consistent with a corresponding length that can be deduced from the end-to-end distribution function of a fluctuating polyelectrolyte.
Modulation of Exon Skipping and Inclusion by Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 and Pre-mRNA Splicing Factor SF2/ASF (1993)

The essential splicing factor SF2/ASF and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) modulate alternative splicing in vitro of pre-mRNAs that contain 5' splice sites of comparable strengths competing for a common 3' splice site. Using natural and model pre-mRNAs, we have examined whether the ratio of SF2/ASF to hnRNP A1 also regulates other modes of alternative splicing in vitro. We found that an excess of SF2/ASF effectively prevents inappropriate exon skipping and also influences the selection of mutually exclusive tissue-specific exons in natural beta-tropomyosin pre-mRNA. In contrast, an excess of hnRNP A1 does not cause inappropriate exon skipping in natural constitutively or alternatively spliced pre-mRNAs. Although hnRNP A1 can promote alternative exon skipping, this effect is not universal and is dependent, e.g., on the size of the internal alternative exon and on the strength of the polypyrimidine tract in the preceding intron. With appropriate alternative exons, an excess of SF2/ASF promotes exon inclusion, whereas an excess of hnRNP A1 causes exon skipping. We propose that in some cases the ratio of SF2/ASF to hnRNP A1 may play a role in regulating alternative splicing by exon inclusion or skipping through the antagonistic effects of these proteins on alternative splice site selection.