gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Tat Protein (1994)

Trans-activator (Tat) proteins regulate the transcription of lentiviral DNA in the host cell genome. These RNA binding proteins participate in the life cycle of all known lentiviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) or the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The consensus RNA binding motifs [the trans-activation responsive element (TAR)] of HIV-1 as well as EIAV Tat proteins are well characterized. The structure of the 75-amino acid EIAV Tat protein in solution was determined by two- and three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods and molecular dynamics calculations. The protein structure exhibits a well-defined hydrophobic core of 15 amino acids that serves as a scaffold for two flexible domains corresponding to the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions. The core region is a strictly conserved sequence region among the known Tat proteins. The structural data can be used to explain several of the observed features of Tat proteins.
Using Video Capture and Image Analysis to Quantify Apparel Fit (1998)

The apparel industry relies on subjective traditional fit measures of expert analysis and subject responses and objective body dimension measurements to quantify the fit and size of garment prototypes. In this study, an objective method for the analysis of fit is validated by comparison with traditional measures. Assessment of apparel fit for all measures focuses on the effect of postural differences and garment fit for mature women between the ages of 55 and 65. The objective method uses slashed garments and image analysis tools. Results of the analysis of high contrast video-captured images of subjects dressed in test jackets are compared to traditional fit measures. Expert analysts and the image analysis method developed for this study are both capable of defining the complex interactions of the garment/body interface.
Coordination-Induced Weakening of a C(sp3)–H Bond: Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Strength of a CH–Ni Agostic Interaction (2022)

The scission of a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bond to form a new metal-alkyl bond is a fundamental step in coordination chemistry and catalysis. However, the extent of C-H bond weakening when this moiety interacts with a transition metal is poorly understood and quantifying this phenomenon could provide insights into designing more efficient C-H functionalization catalysts. We present a nickel complex with a robust adamantyl reporter ligand that enables the measurement of C-H acidity (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) and bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) for a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H agostic interaction, showing a decrease in p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> by dozens of orders of magnitude and BDFE decrease of about 30 kcal/mol upon coordination. X-ray crystallographic data is provided for all molecules, including a distorted square planar Ni<sup>III</sup> metalloradical and "doubly agostic" Ni<sup>II</sup>(κ<sup>2</sup>-CH<sub>2</sub>) complex.
Tie-Line Bias Control Applicability to Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems of Complex Topology (2017)

The tie-line bias control (TBC) method has been widely used in the load frequency control (LFC) of multi-area interconnected systems. However, it should be questioned whether the conventional TBC can still apply to LFC when considering the complication of structures of power systems. LFC, in essence, is to stabilize system frequency/tie-line power by controlling controlled outputs’ area control error (ACE). In this paper, relations between LFC control variables and controlled outputs are expressed as a system of equations, based on which an exemplary ring network is studied. Sufficient and necessary conditions for TBC applicability is presented, and a novel LFC mode is proposed for a general ring network where TBC cannot work. Finally, TBC applicability to multi-area systems with general topology is studied, and a general LFC mode is proposed for systems where TBC is not definitely applicable, thus rendering routines that may guide LFC design of future power systems with more complex topologies.
Spectral tuning and single-mode operation of a superradiant HF/DF laser (1973)

Methods are discussed for improving the tunability and mode control of a high pulse-energy HF/DF laser. An unstable resonator configuration and laser operation at high pressure are described.
The propagation of a surfactant laden liquid plug in a capillary tube (2002)

This paper considers the propagation of a liquid plug, forced by a driving pressure ΔP, within a rigid tube. The tube is already lined with a liquid precursor film of thickness h̄2. Both the plug and the precursor film, as well as the interface, contain small amounts of surfactant whose concentrations are assumed to be near equilibrium. Since the motions are slow, we seek asymptotic solutions for small capillary number, Ca≪1, and also assume that sorption kinetics control the surfactant flux to the interface compared to bulk diffusion. An additional asymptotic assumption is that the Stanton number, St, is sufficiently large such that β∝Ca1/3/St≪1, which relates the importance of sorption kinetics to convection. The surfactant strength is measured by the surface elasticity, E=M/β where M is the Marangoni number. The results of the analysis are that, for a given plug Ca, ΔP increases with increasing E but decreases with increasing h̄2. The trailing film thickness, h̄1, increases with ΔP, but at a slower rate when E is larger. For h̄1&amp;lt;h̄2, criteria for plug rupture are established. This model is relevant to delivery of surfactants into the lung by direct instillation into the bronchial network as is done in surfactant replacement therapy and the use of surfactant solutions to carry other substances (e.g., genetic material) into the airways.
Database-centric Development of Menus andGraphic User Interfaces (2007)

The database-centric approach to graphic user interface (GUI) development, quickly andeasily manages standardisation and modification of labels and look and feel of controls bykeeping various control-creation data into the database. The runtime generation of controlsprovides the flexibility to control their creation and modification issues. This method freezes theapplication code once the development is over. The process of recompilation is eliminated whencreation or modification of controls is done. Dynamic controls such as menus, label, text box,button, combo box, list box, group box, check box, radio button, tab control, spin button, treecontrol can be easily formed and controlled using this approach.
Solid-solid mixing with static mixers (2001)

Static mixers are in-line devices, which consist of motionless mixing elements, inserted in the given length of the pipe. Homogenization is attained by using the flow energy of the material to be mixed. The mixing effect depends on the continuous separation, distribution, and reunion of particles in the stream of material. There are various element designs available for mixing liquids and they are widely spread for use in industry. For mixing solids there is hardly any industrial usage of static mixer types, therefore, various experiments with solids have been done. The number of elements and their shape required in any application depend on the complexity of the mixing process, more elements being necessary for more complex tasks. Three different types of static mixers were investigated in this paper. The material used was quartz sand of different granulation which was mixed in different mixture ratios. With quartz sand, only the particle size was different, which allowed us to study the countenance of the mixer type and its length to get the best quality mixture, especially when one of the components was in excess. Static mixers have the advantage over other mixers because they are cheaper for use (loss of energy expenses), and they are very easy to install and to clean. To prove their efficiency and to show which of the types used yielded the highest homogeneity, standard statistical methods (standard deviation, variation and mixing indexes) were used as statistical descriptors of the particular mixture. The dynamics of mixing were tested by continuous sampling, and by the flowability of the material for different mixture types. The results of experiments were mathematically calculated to obtain the necessary data for each specific design. The length of the pipe, the shape and the number of mixing elements, were determined by the mixture quality for each specific mixture type.
Hierarchical Approach for Efficient Workload Management in Geo-Distributed Data Centers (2016)

Geographically distributed data centers (DCs) offer promising business opportunities to both big companies that own several sites and multi-owner inter-cloud infrastructures. In these scenarios, workload management is a particularly challenging task, since the autonomy of single DCs should be preserved while global objectives, such as cost reduction and load balance, should be achieved. In this paper, a hierarchical approach for workload management in geographically distributed DCs is presented. The proposed solution is composed of two algorithms devoted to workload assignment and migration. Both algorithms are based on the computation of a simple function that represents the cost of running some workload in the different sites of the distributed DC. The framework requires a very limited exchange of state information among the sites and preserves the autonomy of single DCs and, at the same time, allows for an integrated management of heterogeneous platforms. Performance is analyzed for a specific infrastructure composed of four DCs, with two goals: 1) load balance and 2) energy cost reduction. Results show that the proposed approach smoothly adapts the workload distribution to variations of energy cost and load, while achieving the desired combination of management objectives.
The relationship between the aggregational state of the amyloid‐β peptides and free radical generation by the peptides (2001)

In the present study, we investigated whether or not the amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) peptide itself spontaneously generates free radicals using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy while also monitoring the aggregational state of Abeta and Abeta-induced cytotoxicity. The present results demonstrated a four-line spectrum in the presence of both Abeta40 and Abeta42 with Ntert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN), but not in the presence of PBN alone in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The fact that the four-line spectrum obtained for the Abeta/PBN in PBS was completely abolished in the presence of the iron-chelating agent Desferal demonstrated the observed four-line spectrum to be iron-dependent. The present study also revealed that either Abeta40 or Abeta42 with PBN in phosphate buffer (PB) did not produce any definite four-line spectrum. Both a thioflavine-T (Th-T) fluorometric assay and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed the amyloid fibril formation of Abeta in PBS to be much higher than that of Abeta in PB. Moreover, Abeta-induced cytotoxicity assays showed Abeta incubated in PBS to be more cytotoxic than that incubated in PB. These results thus suggest that Abeta-associated free radical generation is strongly influenced by the aggregational state of the peptides.
Differential expression of tescalcin by modification of promoter methylation controls cell survival in gastric cancer cells (2019)

The EF‑hand calcium binding protein tescalcin (TESC) is highly expressed in various human and mouse cancer tissues and is therefore considered a potential oncogene. However, the underlying mechanism that governs TESC expression remains unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that TESC expression is under epigenetic regulation. In the present study, the relationship between the epigenetic modification and gene expression of TESC in gastric cancer was investigated. To evaluate the relationship between the methylation and expression of TESC in gastric cancer, the methylation status of CpG sites in the TESC promoter was analyzed using microarray with the Illumina Human Methylation27 BeadChip (HumanMethylation27_270596_v.1.2), gene profiles from the NCBI Dataset that revealed demethylated status were acquired, and real‑time methylation‑specific PCR (MSP) in gastric cancer cells was conducted. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the hypermethylation of TESC led to the downregulation of TESC mRNA/protein expression. In addition, 5‑aza‑2c‑deoxycytidine (5'‑aza‑dC) restored TESC expression in the tested gastric cancer cells except for SNU‑620 cells. ChIP assay further revealed that the methylation of the TESC promoter was associated with methyl‑CpG binding domain protein (MBD)1, histone deacetylase (HDAC)2, and Oct‑1 and that treatment with 5'‑aza‑dC facilitated the dissociation of MBD1, HDAC2, and Oct‑1 from the promoter of TESC. Moreover, silencing of TESC increased MBD1 expression and decreased the H3K4me2/3 level, thereby causing transcriptional repression and suppression of cell survival in NCI‑N87 cells; conversely, overexpression of TESC downregulated MBD1 expression and upregulated the H3K4me2 level associated with active transcription in SNU‑638 cells. These results indicated that the differential expression of TESC via the modification status of the promoter and histone methylation controled cell survival in gastric cancer cells. Overall, the present study provided a novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
The subjective evaluation of the expansion time constant in single-channel wide dynamic range compression hearing instruments (2006)

The present study investigated the subjective evaluation of expansion time constants in single-channel wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) hearing instruments. Thirty participants utilized binaural WDRC hearing instruments for a two-week trial. Subjective evaluations were conducted by having each participant rate their satisfaction with the expansion time constant on a daily basis and by having each participant indicate their preferred expansion time constant following the completion of the two-week trial. Each change in expansion time constant significantly affected listener satisfaction; however, all time constants resulted in satisfactory performance. Of the users expressing a preference, 75% preferred fast-acting over slow-acting expansion. These findings suggest that dynamic expansion parameters play an important role in determining the effectiveness of the feature for a given listener.
Critical care medicine-quo vadis? (1974)

Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Director Critical Care Medicine Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Health Center Hospitals
Molecular—Thermodynamic Theory of Mixed Micellar Solutions (1992)

We review a recently formulated molecular-thermodynamic theory to describe and predict micellization, phase behavior and phase separation of mixed micellar solutions. The theoretical formulation consists of blending a thermodynamic theory of mixed micellar solutions, which captures the salient features of these complex fluids at the macroscopic level, with a molecular model of mixed micellization, which captures the essential driving forces for micellization at the molecular level. The molecular-thermodynamic theory is then utilized to predict a broad spectrum of mixed micellar solution properties as a function of surfactant type, surfactant composition, and solutions conditions such as temperature. The predicted properties include (i) the critical micellar concentration (CMC), (ii) the average mixed micellar composition at the CMC, (iii) the micellar size and composition distribution and its characteristics, (iv) the micellar shape, and (v) the coexistence curve bounding the two-phase region of the phase diagram. The broad spectrum of theoretical predictions compares very favorably with the experimentally measured properties.
In vivo Study of Slow-Release Fluoride Resin and Enamel Uptake (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo enamel fluoride uptake of a slow-release boron trifluoride BIS-GMA resin material. Study subjects were orthodontic patients with at least one pair of permanent bicuspid teeth indicated for extraction. The material was applied to the buccal surface of the test tooth 1 month prior to extraction; the contralateral tooth served as the control tooth. Following extraction, the resin was removed by soaking in acetone for 36 h and polishing with a sodium bicarbonate slurry. Prior scanning electron microscopic studies have shown that this cleaning procedure effectively removes all residual resin. Enamel fluoride analyses were completed for 12 pairs of teeth from 9 subjects. The mean differences in enamel fluoride concentrations between the treated and control teeth were significantly different from zero at the 0.01 level. At each successive depth, the absolute mean amount of fluoride uptake by the test teeth was fairly constant; however, the proportional mean amount or percent increase in fluoride concentration resulting from treatment became greater in the deeper enamel layers. The data suggest that this material has the potential to provide an effective means of introducing substantial amounts of permanently bound fluoride into surface enamel, even into the deeper layers.
Medidas de inclinación de la trayectoria condílea y del ángulo de Bennet de la población occidental, actualización y revisión bibliográfica. (2012)

The model potentially increases access to a higher level of care in the rural setting. It potentially provides work that for the provider is interesting, satisfying, balanced, purposeful, and appropriate to their training level. Specific norms, standards, and leadership are key to functionality, including some continued experience in a larger hospital. The model has been functioning successfully for more than 3 years. The potential cost savings over the usual hospitalist model are substantial. The model could be used in other locations and in training internal medicine physicians in the rural setting. Research in this area could include randomizing communities to this and other staffing models and following the care given and the health of the community members over time.
TFP5, a Peptide Derived From Cdk5 Activator p35, Protects Pancreatic β-Cells From Glucose Toxicity (2022)

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most important public health challenges. The pathological hyperactivity of multifunctional cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) contributes to the pathogenesis of T2DM. P5, a peptide derived from the Cdk5 activator p35, shows potential as a Cdk5 activity inhibitor. However, its inhibitory effect and functional regulation of Cdk5 activity need to be confirmed. In this study, we conjugated P5 with a Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) tag at the N-terminus and a TAT protein transduction domain containing an 11 amino acid peptide at the C-terminus to synthesize TFP5, which we used to inhibit Cdk5 activity. We then evaluated the efficiency of TFP5 in treating T2DM. We demonstrated that TFP5 effectively penetrated pancreatic β-cells, inhibited the pathological hyperactivity of Cdk5, enhanced insulin secretion, and protected MIN6 cells from apoptosis in pancreatic tissues of db/db mice (Type II diabetes mice). Furthermore, we found that TFP5 reduced inflammation in pancreatic islets by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (including TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β). These data indicate that the TFP5 peptide is a promising candidate for T2DM treatment.
Determination of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Normal, Newborn and Diabetic Saudi Arabs (1987)

Colorimetric determinations of glycosylated haemoglobin by the thiobarbituric acid method were carried out in normal adults (n = 142), newly born infants of healthy mothers (n = 81), and in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 124). The glycosylated haemoglobin level in normal adult males was 4.9%, which is close to that reported for other populations. No correlation was found between age and the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin in males over 10 years old. However, the mean value for glycosylated haemoglobin in cord blood was 4.1%, significantly different from that of adults. The range values for glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients was 7-19%. The mean value for glycosylated haemoglobin was 10.9%, similar to that established in other diabetic populations. Results of colorimetric determinations of glycosylated haemoglobin in the Saudi population compare well with other ethnic groups and, therefore, suggest no ethnic differences in glycosylated haemoglobin levels.
All Labels Are Not Created Equal: Enhancing Semi-supervision via Label Grouping and Co-training (2021)

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they only rely on the model’s prediction to make labeling decisions without considering any prior knowledge about the visual similarity among the classes. In this paper, we demonstrate that this degrades the quality of pseudo-labeling as it poorly represents visually similar classes in the pool of pseudo-labeled data. We propose SemCo, a method which leverages label semantics and co-training to address this problem. We train two classifiers with two different views of the class labels: one classifier uses the one-hot view of the labels and disregards any potential similarity among the classes, while the other uses a distributed view of the labels and groups potentially similar classes together. We then co-train the two classifiers to learn based on their disagreements. We show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance across various SSL tasks including 5.6% accuracy improvement on Mini-ImageNet dataset with 1000 labeled examples. We also show that our method requires smaller batch size and fewer training iterations to reach its best performance. We make our code available at https://github.com/islam-nassar/semco.
DDIS-26. HIGH-THROUGHPUT DRUG SCREENING OF MENINGIOMAS IDENTIFIES HDAC INHIBITORS AS PROMISING TARGETS ACROSS GRADES (2019)

Abstract Meningiomas are a common central nervous system (CNS) tumor, accounting for one third of CNS neoplasms. To date, no FDA approved pharmacotherapy exists for meningiomas. In an effort to identify potential treatments for meningiomas we created a culture system that allows us to grow and screen tumors across hundreds of compounds within two weeks of resection. We screened 32 meningiomas, six of which were World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, against the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) FDA-approved cancer compound library and Caymen Chemical’s epigenetic inhibitor library, totaling to more than 300 compounds. The NCI library was screened at 1um, and the Caymen library was screened at 5um. Each library was screened in triplicate, allowing us to calculate statistical significance. We used an MTS assay to determine cell viability after three days. The data was background subtracted and normalized to controls. Significant changes in cell viability were determined for individual drugs using a Mann-Whitney-U test compared to untreated controls. On average, regardless of grade, 5.9 compounds per hundred screened significantly reduced tumor viability. We identified four compounds in the NCI FDA-approved library that reduced cell viability, on average across all tumors screened, by at least 50%: romidepsin, panobinostat, daunorubicin, and carfilzomib. Using the same criteria, we identified the following drugs from the Caymen epigenetic library: LAQ824, panobinostat, and HC toxin. Of the six compounds implicated as possible treatments for meningiomas, four are histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors may represent a promising target for the treatment of meningiomas. Based on this data, we have begun in vivo work using PDX mouse models to investigate the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of meningiomas.