gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Functional Study of Murine Aging: A Resource for Future Study Designs (2021)

Aging is characterized by systemic declines in tissue and organ functions. Interventions that slow these declines represent promising therapeutics to protect against age-related disease and improve the quality of life. In this study, several interventions associated with lifespan extension in invertebrates or improvement of age-related disease were tested in mouse models to determine if they were effective in slowing tissue aging in a broad spectrum of functional assays. Benzoxazole, which extends the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, slowed age-related femoral bone loss in mice. Rates of change were established for clinically significant parameters in untreated mice, including kyphosis, blood glucose, body composition, activity, metabolic measures, and detailed parameters of skeletal aging in bone. These findings have implications for the study of preclinical physiological aging and therapies targeting aging. Finally, an online application was created that includes the calculated rates of change and that enables power and variance to be calculated for many clinically important metrics of aging with an emphasis on bone. This resource will help in future study designs employing novel interventions in aging mice. © 2021 The Authors. <i>JBMR Plus</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Strigolactone biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved, regulated by phosphate starvation and contributes to resistance against phytopathogenic fungi in a moss, Physcomitrella patens (2017)

In seed plants, strigolactones (SLs) regulate architecture and induce mycorrhizal symbiosis in response to environmental cues. SLs are formed by combined activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) 7 and 8 from 9-cis-β-carotene, leading to carlactone that is converted by cytochromes P450 (clade 711; MAX1 in Arabidopsis) into various SLs. As Physcomitrella patens possesses CCD7 and CCD8 homologs but lacks MAX1, we investigated if PpCCD7 together with PpCCD8 form carlactone and how deletion of these enzymes influences growth and interactions with the environment. We investigated the enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 and PpCCD8 in vitro, identified the formed products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS, and generated and analysed ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 mutants. We defined enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 as a stereospecific 9-cis-CCD and PpCCD8 as a carlactone synthase. ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 lines showed enhanced caulonema growth, which was revertible by adding the SL analogue GR24 or carlactone. Wild-type (WT) exudates induced seed germination in Orobanche ramosa. This activity was increased upon phosphate starvation and abolished in exudates of both mutants. Furthermore, both mutants showed increased susceptibility to phytopathogenic fungi. Our study reveals the deep evolutionary conservation of SL biosynthesis, SL function, and its regulation by biotic and abiotic cues.
In vivo visualization of butterfly scale cell morphogenesis in Vanessa cardui (2021)

During metamorphosis, the wings of a butterfly sprout hundreds of thousands of scales with intricate microstructures and nano-structures that determine the wings' optical appearance, wetting characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and aerodynamic behavior. Although the functional characteristics of scales are well known and prove desirable in various applications, the dynamic processes and temporal coordination required to sculpt the scales' many structural features remain poorly understood. Current knowledge of scale growth is primarily gained from ex vivo studies of fixed scale cells at discrete time points; to fully understand scale formation, it is critical to characterize the time-dependent morphological changes throughout their development. Here, we report the continuous, in vivo, label-free imaging of growing scale cells of <i>Vanessa cardui</i> using speckle-correlation reflection phase microscopy. By capturing time-resolved volumetric tissue data together with nanoscale surface height information, we establish a morphological timeline of wing scale formation and gain quantitative insights into the underlying processes involved in scale cell patterning and growth. We identify early differences in the patterning of cover and ground scales on the young wing and quantify geometrical parameters of growing scale features, which suggest that surface growth is critical to structure formation. Our quantitative, time-resolved in vivo imaging of butterfly scale development provides the foundation for decoding the processes and biomechanical principles involved in the formation of functional structures in biological materials.
Clathrate Phase in Syndiotactic Polystyrene Gels (2002)

Gels and semicrystalline clathrate samples formed by syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) with 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and 1-chloropropane (CP) have been investigated, for the entire composition range from pure solvent to pure polymer, by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). WAXD measurements show that, at least for gels with polymer concentration higher than 0.1 g/g, peaks typical of sPS/DCE and sPS/CP clathrate structures are present. FTIR measurements show the occurrence of the same kind of conformational selectivity for DCE (in favor of the trans conformer) and the absence of conformational selectivity for CP for both gel and clathrate samples. Moreover, the molar ratio between styrenic units and DCE in the crystalline phase of the gels, as evaluated from FTIR data, is nearly constant (3.6 ± 0.3) for the entire composition range; that is close to the 4/1 styrenic unit/guest molecule ratio, which has been observed for the clathrate crystal structure. The whole set of results indicates that the polymer-rich phase forming the cross-link domains of these sPS gels is a crystalline clathrate phase. Both WAXD and FTIR measurements indicate that this clathrate crystalline phase, when present in the gels, would be characterized by coherent lengths being much higher along the chain axes than perpendicular to them.
Distributed RAID-a new multiple copy algorithm (2002)

A new multicopy algorithm is proposed; it has the potentially attractive property that much less space is required and equal performance is provided during normal operation. On the other hand, during failures the new algorithm offers lower performance than a conventional scheme. As such, this algorithm may be attractive in various multicopy environments, as well as in disaster recovery. The algorithm is presented and compared with various other multicopy and disaster recovery techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prediction of total organic carbon content in shale reservoir based on a new integrated hybrid neural network and conventional well logging curves (2018)

There is increasing interest in shale gas reservoirs due to their abundant reserves. As a key evaluation criterion, the total organic carbon content (TOC) of the reservoirs can reflect its hydrocarbon generation potential. The existing TOC calculation model is not very accurate and there is still the possibility for improvement. In this paper, an integrated hybrid neural network (IHNN) model is proposed for predicting the TOC. This is based on the fact that the TOC information on the low TOC reservoir, where the TOC is easy to evaluate, comes from a prediction problem, which is the inherent problem of the existing algorithm. By comparing the prediction models established in 132 rock samples in the shale gas reservoir within the Jiaoshiba area, it can be seen that the accuracy of the proposed IHNN model is much higher than that of the other prediction models. The mean square error of the samples, which were not joined to the established models, was reduced from 0.586 to 0.442. The results show that TOC prediction is easier after logging prediction has been improved. Furthermore, this paper puts forward the next research direction of the prediction model. The IHNN algorithm can help evaluate the TOC of a shale gas reservoir.
Long-Term Patient-Reported Sinonasal and Global Quality of Life Improves from Baseline after Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: A Prospective Study (2023)

Introduction: Alterations in patient quality of life following endoscopic endonasal approach skull base surgery (EEA) are inevitable despite substantial progress in techniques and equipment over the last two decades. We sought to identify the impact of EEA on long-term (12 or more months) patient-reported quality of life (QOL) using prospectively obtained metrics.
Organic displays (1999)

Light emission from organic materials is not very common in everyday life. However, some living creatures, such as fire flies, emit light with amazingly high efficiencies. In comparison, mass-produced devices such as fluorescent lamps, incandescent light bulbs and television monitors – all of which are based on inorganic materials – are much less efficient. This is partly because organic materials can have extremely high quantum efficiencies for fluorescence – as high as 100% for fire flies. This suggests that organic materials could be used as the basis for a variety of highly efficient light-emitting devices.
Long Term Hypoxia Reduces Antioxidant Levels and Causes a Glycolytic Shift in Neonatal Sheep Pulmonary arteries (2019)

Gestational Hypoxia is a common prenatal stress caused by high altitude living, smoking, and other prenatal disorders. Such hypoxic insult can cause abnormalities in lung development that result in pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. Hypoxia is known to cause oxidative stress and accentuate glycolysis in adult tissues, effects which are intertwined with the development of various diseases. However, the adaptive responses of metabolism to long term hypoxia (LTH) in the fetal pulmonary vasculature is not nearly as well understood. The current work tests the hypothesis that following gestational LTH there is reduced antioxidant capacity and increased cellular glycolysis in neonatal sheep. For this study, normoxic pregnant and non‐pregnant sheep were obtained from Nebeker Ranch in Lancaster, CA (~700 meters) and were either sent to Loma Linda for study or to the White Mountain Research Station at an altitude of 3800 meters to induce LTH. After 110+ days at high altitude, animals were transported to Loma Linda University for the study. Pulmonary arteries of adult, 2‐week‐old newborn, and near‐term fetal sheep were isolated and frozen for analysis of primary metabolites. Metabolite levels were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph Time of Flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF MS) and visualized using enrichment and pathway analyses. LTH decreased the concentration of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and increased lactic acid, a byproduct of glycolysis, in adult and fetus. In the newborn LTH also decreased citric acid, a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. These data indicate that the mother does not protect the pulmonary vasculature of the fetus from long term hypoxic stress due to gestation at high altitude. Thus, the fetus appears to be vulnerable even at modest altitudes to metabolic shifts and oxidative stress. Effects of these metabolic changes may persist after birth and contribute to the development of disease in the neonate or later in life. Support or Funding Information This material is based upon work supported by NIH grants P01HD083132 (LZ) and 1U24DK097154 through a pilot project grant to SMW as well as P20MD006988. IK was an Undergraduate Summer Research Fellow while RA was an Apprenticeship Bridge to College Scholar through the Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Mechanisms at Loma Linda University. VL is a recipient of the American Physiological Society's Short‐Term Research Education Program to Increase Diversity in Health‐Related Research (STRIDE) Fellowship funded by the APS and a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute R25HL115473. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A Novel Interference Avoidance Technique on Mobile Wireless Routers Using IEEE802.11n PSMP (2010)

This paper proposes an interference avoidance technique that allows wireless device with similar frequency bands to be operated adjacent to each other for compact mobile wireless routers (MWRs). This MWR implements two devices of Wireless LAN (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). The MWR connects WLAN terminals to the backbone network by using WiMAX-WLAN relay. Generally, different frequency channels are assigned for the wireless systems assign in order not to interfere among multiple systems. However, mutual system interference is generated if the space between each device is very close and if the frequency using each system is adjacent. To suppress this interference, this paper proposes a novel interference avoidance technique that leverages IEEE802.11n Power Save Multi-Poll (PSMP). First, we clarify the conditions that raise the issues of mutual interference by experiment. Simulations are conducted to show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown by the computer simulation.
Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau, China (2009)

The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between changes in the plant community and changes in soil physical properties and water availability, during a succession from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to natural vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China. Data from a succession sere spanning 32 years were collated, and vegetative indexes were compared to changes related to soil bulk density and soil water storage. The alfalfa yield increased for approximately 7 years, then it declined and the alfalfa was replaced by a natural community dominated by Stipa bungeana that began to thrive about 10 years after alfalfa seeding. Soil bulk density increased over time, but the deterioration of the alfalfa was mainly ascribed to a severe reduction in soil water storage, which was lowest around the time when degradation commenced. The results indicated that water consumption by alfalfa could be reduced by reducing plant density. The analysis of the data also suggested that soil water recharge could be facilitated by rotating the alfalfa with other crops, natural vegetation, or bare soil.
Three - Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for Semi - Circular Perforated Breakwater Structure (2001)

Through developing a three - dimensional finite element program, by which semi - circular perforated breakwater can be computed, this paper solved computerized problem encountered on the data - preparing processing job of finite element analysis. It also found the stress distribution characteristic of semi - circular perforated breakwater structure under different work conditions.
Computers, quality, and the clinical laboratory: a look at critical value reporting. (1993)

The reporting of critical values is an important function of the clinical laboratory. The success of critical value reporting depends on laboratory personnel recognizing critical values and effectively communicating them to clinicians, and on clinicians correctly interpreting and using the critical values to provide appropriate patient care. At LDS Hospital, we have conducted a study of the critical value reporting process. Results of the study indicate that few critical values are actually reported by the clinical laboratory (only 28 of 294 critical values during November 24-30, 1992). Data on the quality of critical value documentation showed that 19 of 124 (15%) patient charts audited during January-February, 1993 contained no documentation that clinicians were ever aware of the critical value, or that corrective actions were taken. Other data on the quality of critical value reporting were also collected and analyzed. Study results have been used to design and implement a computerized critical value reporting system to improve the quality of critical value reporting at our hospital.
Achieving high-resolution soft-tissue imaging with cone-beam CT: a two-pronged approach for modulation of x-ray fluence and detector gain (2005)

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) presents a highly promising and challenging advanced application of flat-panel detectors (FPDs). The great advantage of this adaptable technology is in the potential for sub-mm 3D spatial resolution in combination with soft-tissue detectability. While the former is achieved naturally by CBCT systems incorporating modern FPD designs (e.g., 200 - 400 um pixel pitch), the latter presents a significant challenge due to limitations in FPD dynamic range, large field of view, and elevated levels of x-ray scatter in typical CBCT configurations. We are investigating a two-pronged strategy to maximizing soft-tissue detectability in CBCT: 1) front-end solutions, including novel beam modulation designs (viz., spatially varying compensators) that alleviate detector dynamic range requirements, reduce x-ray scatter, and better distribute imaging dose in a manner suited to soft-tissue visualization throughout the field of view; and 2) back-end solutions, including implementation of an advanced FPD design (Varian PaxScan 4030CB) that features dual-gain and dynamic gain switching that effectively extends detector dynamic range to 18 bits. These strategies are explored quantitatively on CBCT imaging platforms developed in our laboratory, including a dedicated CBCT bench and a mobile isocentric C-arm (Siemens PowerMobil). Pre-clinical evaluation of improved soft-tissue visibility was carried out in phantom and patient imaging with the C-arm device. Incorporation of these strategies begin to reveal the full potential of CBCT for soft-tissue visualization, an essential step in realizing broad utility of this adaptable technology for diagnostic and image-guided procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Carbon Unsaturated Compounds. Part 38. Nickel‐Catalyzed Reactions of Disilanyl‐Substituted Enynes with Diphenylacetylene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mapping the Gnutella Network: Properties of Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems and Implications for System Design (2002)

Despite recent excitement generated by the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm and the surprisingly rapid deployment of some P2P applications, there are few quantitative evaluations of P2P systems behavior. The open architecture, achieved scale, and self-organizing structure of the Gnutella network make it an interesting P2P architecture to study. Like most other P2P applications, Gnutella builds, at the application level, a virtual network with its own routing mechanisms. The topology of this virtual network and the routing mechanisms used have a significant influence on application properties such as performance, reliability, and scalability. We have built a "crawler" to extract the topology of Gnutella's application level network. In this paper we analyze the topology graph and evaluate generated network traffic. Our two major findings are that: (1) although Gnutella is not a pure power-law network, its current configuration has the benefits and drawbacks of a power-law structure, and (2) the Gnutella virtual network topology does not match well the underlying Internet topology, hence leading to ineffective use of the physical networking infrastructure. These findings guide us to propose changes to the Gnutella protocol and implementations that may bring significant performance and scalability improvements. We believe that our findings as well as our measurement and analysis techniques have broad applicability to P2P systems and provide unique insights into P2P system design tradeoffs.
Precise domain specification in the developing Drosophila embryo (2005)

A simple morphogen gradient based on the protein bicoid is insufficient to explain the precise (i.e., similar in all embryos) setting of anteroposterior gene expression domains in the early Drosophila embryo. We present here an alternative model, based on quantitative data, which accounts for all of our observations. The model also explains the robustness of hunchback boundary setting in unnatural environments such as published recently [Luccheta, Nature 434, 1134 (2005)]. The model is based on the existence of a secondary gradient correlated to bicoid through protein degradation by the same agent.
Multiple-prior valuation of cash flows subject to capital requirements (2023)

We study market-consistent valuation of liability cash flows motivated by current regulatory frameworks for the insurance industry. The value assigned to an insurance liability is the consequence of (1) considering a hypothetical transfer of an insurance company's liabilities, and financial assets intended to hedge these liabilities, to an empty corporate entity, and (2) considering the circumstances under which a capital provider would want to achieve and maintain ownership of this corporate entity given limited liability for the owner and that capital requirements have to be met at any time for continued ownership. We focus on the consequences of the capital provider assessing the value of continued ownership in terms of a least favorable expectation of future dividends, meaning that we consider expectations with respect to probability measures in a set of equivalent martingale measures. We show that natural conditions on the set of probability measures imply that the value of a liability cash flow is given in terms of a solution to a backward recursion. Through a life and a non-life insurance example we demonstrate how to make the valuation approach operational.
Progressive Morphological and Functional Defects in Retinas from α1 Integrin-Null Mice (2008)

Collectively, these data suggest an essential role for alpha1beta1 integrin/basement membrane interactions in the RPE in basement membrane metabolism and translocation of transducin in photoreceptors. This is the first report describing evidence supporting an essential role for integrin/basement membrane interaction in the RPE. Further, this report demonstrates a direct link between integrin alpha1beta1 function in retinal pigment epithelial and molecular defects in photoreceptor cell function before retinal abnormality is apparent.
PMMA-based capillary electrophoresis electrochemical detection microchip fabrication (2004)

In this paper, a 50 µm (depth) × 50 µm (width) microfluidic channel is made on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate using thick photoresist. Openings were drilled for buffer reservoirs on an additional piece of PMMA. A final PMMA/patterned photoresist/PMMA sandwich configuration was completed using a bonding process. The thick photoresist was used as the adhesion layer and also as the microfluidic system. Using screen-printed technology for carbon and silver electrode fabrication, the microchip electrophoretic device functions were demonstrated. Successful detection of uric acid and L-ascorbic acid (the main components in human urine) validates the functionality of the proposed system. Successful ascorbic and uric acid separation in a sample from a urine donor who had consumed 500 mg of vitamins verified the proposed biochip.