gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model Study to Unravel the Complexity of Bio‐Oil from Organic Wastes (2016)

Binary and ternary mixtures of cellulose, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tripalmitin, as biomass reference compounds for carbohydrates, proteins and triglycerides, respectively, were treated under hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) conditions to describe the main reaction pathways involved in the process of bio-oil production from municipal organic wastes. Several analytical techniques (elemental analysis, GC-MS, atmospheric-pressure photo-ionisation high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and <sup>13</sup> C cross-polarisation magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy) were used for the molecular-level characterisation of the resulting aqueous phase, solid residue and bio-oil, in particular. The main reaction pathways led to free fatty acids, fatty acid amides, 2,5-diketopiperazines and Maillard-type compounds as the main components of the bio-oil. The relationship of such compounds to the original components of the biomass was thus determined, which highlights the fate of the heteroatom-containing molecules in particular. Finally, the molecular composition of the bio-oils from our reference compounds was matched with that of the bio-oil from municipal organic waste biomass by comparing their high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra, and we obtained a surprisingly high similarity. Hence, the ternary mixture acts as a reliable biomass model and is a powerful tool to clarify the degradation mechanisms that occur in the biomass under HTL treatment, with the ultimate goal to improve the HTL process itself by modulating the input of the organic starting matter and then the upgrading steps to bio-fuels.
Timing Synchronization Performance of Short Preamble Sequence with Orthogonal Frequency Multiplexed Data Symbols (2014)

Wireless communications for the control of industrial equipments need to send a large amount of short packets frequently and to improve frame efficiency. The OFDM frame of wireless local area networks has short preambles that are used for timing synchronization and coarse frequency offset estimation. As the short preambles are repeated in a time domain, they occupies subcarriers intermittently. Therefore, in this paper, a new frame format with OFDM modulation in which data symbols are orthogonally multiplexed with the preamble symbols in the frequency domain is proposed. Two preamble sequences that are based on an IEEE802.11g short preamble sequence and a Zadoff-Chu sequence are examined. The ratio of transmission powers between the pilot subcarrier and the data subcarrier is also varied. The timing synchronization probability with those sequences has been evaluated on different channel models. It is shown through the experiment that the synchronization performance is almost the same as that without data multiplexing at Es/N0 of more than 8dB.
Linear Short Histidine and Cysteine Modified Arginine Peptides Constitute a Potential Class of DNA Delivery Agents (2014)

The success of gene therapy relies on the development of safe and efficient multifunctional carriers of nucleic acids that can overcome extra- and intracellular barriers, protect the nucleic acid and mediate its release at the desired site allowing gene expression. Peptides bear unique properties that are indispensable for any carrier, e.g., they can mediate DNA condensation, cellular targeting, membrane translocation, endosomal escape and nuclear localization. In an effort to design a multifunctional peptide, we have modified an arginine homopeptide R16 by replacement of seven arginines with histidines and addition of one cysteine at each end respectively to impart endosomal escape property while maintaining the DNA condensation and release balance. Addition of histidines imparts endosomal escape property to arginine homopeptide, but their arrangement with respect to arginines is more critical in controlling DNA condensation, release and transfection efficiency. Intriguingly, R5H7R4 peptide where charge/arginine is distributed in blocks is preferred for strong condensation while more efficient transfection is seen in the variants R9H7 and H4R9H3, which exhibit weak condensation and strong release. Addition of cysteine to each of these peptides further fine-tuned the condensation-release balance without application of any oxidative procedure unlike other similar systems reported in the literature. This resulted in a large increase in the transfection efficiency in all of the histidine modified peptides irrespective of the arginine and histidine positions. This series of multifunctional peptides shows comparable transfection efficiency to commercially available transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 at low charge ratios, with simple preparative procedure and exhibits much less toxicity.
Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Decreases High Blood Pressure by Stabilizing the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2021)

CIHH decreased high blood pressure in SHR, possibly by inhibiting RAS activity, downregulating the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and upregulating the ACE2-(Ang1-7)-Mas axis, which resulted in antagonized vascular remodeling and fibrosis, reduced inflammation, and enhanced vascular relaxation.
A Buoyant Leg Structure For the Development of Marginal Fields In Deep Water (1995)

Marginal field development in deepwater areas requires a cost-effective field development concept. If such a concept incorporates a structural configuration that is simple to fabricate, transport and install, and also exhibits reliable in-service performance characteristics, then the concept is considered a strong candidate for the development of a marginal field. The Buoyant Leg Structures (BLS) described in this paper are well suited for utilization in deep water as a Wellhead Facility (WF), as an Extended Production Test facility (EPTF) or as a Marginal Field Production Facility (MFPF). This paper first discusses operational requirements and the environmental criteria assumed for concept development. Second, system description is presented for two configurations. Third, technical considerations are discussed, including in-service performance characteristics and fabrication, transportation, and installation aspects of the concept. Finally, cost data is developed for field development, including a comparative assessment of alternative concepts.
Design and development of the SPARCLE coherent lidar transceiver (1999)

This paper discusses the design and current development status of the coherent lidar transceiver being developed by Coherent Technologies Inc for the NASA program, SPARCLE (SPAce Readiness Coherent Lidar Experiment). SPARCLE is intended as a precursor mission to a fully operational satellite system, measuring global wind profiles from the Space Shuttle, with a planned launch date in March 2001.
Evaluation of neutron and gamma detectors for high-temperature well-logging applications (2011)

Nuclear methods based on neutron and gamma-ray detection have been used for decades in the well-logging industry, including both oil and gas logging, for characterization purposes. Current well-logging tools operate in the range of 150 to 175°C. For geothermal logging applications, however, operations at higher temperatures are needed. In this paper, the results for neutron and photon detector measurements at higher temperatures, environmental tests, and modeling and simulations are presented.
Disposable Reagentless Electrochemical Immunosensor Array Based on a Biopolymer/Sol-Gel Membrane for Simultaneous Measurement of Several Tumor Markers (2008)

The immunosensor array provides a SMAT with short analytical time, small sampling volume, no need for substrate, and, no between-electrode cross-talk. This method not only proved the capability of the array in point-of-care testing, but also allowed simultaneous testing of several tumor markers.
[Changes in H2O2 and salicylic acid contents as well as plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and their relations in pea leaves during thermotolerance induction]. (2007)

H(2)O(2), plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (PM H(+)-ATPase) and salicylic acid (SA) play important roles in sensing external stimulation and activating defense responses in plants. However, it remains uncertain whether they are involved and interrelated in response to heat acclimation. Experiments were performed by pharmacological methods, and the relationship and the connection between endogenous H(2)O(2), free SA and PM H(+)-ATPase were investigated in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) during heat acclimation. The results showed that an accumulation peaks of H(2)O(2), free SA and PM H(+)-ATPase, were detected during heat acclimation at 37 degrees C for 2 h and H(2)O(2) burst appeared before SA accumulation that followed by increase of PM H(+)-ATPase activity (Fig.1). Pretreatments with either scavengers of active oxygen species (dimethyl sulfoxide and ascorbic acid) or antioxidant (reduced glutathione) inhibited the increases in both H(2)O(2) and free SA contents as a part of heat acclimation (Fig.2). Additionally, changes in activity of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase paralleled with H(2)O(2) level during heat acclimation (Figs.1 and 3), implicating that H(2)O(2) might be generated by plasma membrane NADPH oxidase. Moreover, pretreatments with either diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a suicide substrate inhibitor of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, or dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a quencher of H(2)O(2), could block the increase in free SA content and activity of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase as a part of heat acclimation (Fig.4). According to the assay described above, it is suggested that both H(2)O(2) and PM H(+)-ATPase participate in SA signaling that leads to the development of thermotolerance in pea plant, and H(2)O(2) functions upstream and PM H(+)-ATPase functions downstream of the SA signal. Also, the regulation mechanism of PM H(+)-ATPase activity was investigated, which showed that during heat acclimation, increase of PM H(+)-ATPase activity was independent of PM H(+)-ATPase amount and the enzyme activity may be modulated at post-translational level that may involve in reversible protein phosphorylation (Fig.5).
Planar microfluidic processors (2003)

The miniaturization and integration of electronic circuitry has not only made the enormous increase in performance of semiconductor devices possible but also spawned a myriad of new products and applications ranging from a cellular phone to a personal computer. Similarly, the miniaturization and integration of chemical and biological processes will revolutionize life sciences. Drug design and diagnostics in the genomic era require reliable and cost effective high throughput technologies which can be integrated and allow for a massive parallelization. Microfluidics is the core technology to realize such miniaturized laboratories with feature sizes on a submillimeter scale. Here, we report on a novel microfluidic technology meeting the basic requirements for a microfluidic processor analogous to those of its electronic counterpart: Cost effective production, modular design, high speed, scalability and programmability.
Drilling for Coalbed Methane in the San Juan Basin With Coiled Tubing: Results, Learnings, and a World First (2007)

Abstract The San Juan basin is a prolific natural gas play in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado. It contains conventional oil and gas resources along with unconventional gas resources in the forms of tight gas and coalbed methane (CBM). Conventionally, drilling operations have been carried out by smaller rotary rigs with double or single derricks. These are usually minimalist, older rigs which fit well into the tight cost structure of the unconventional resources in the San Juan basin. In 2006, a coiled tubing drilling (CTD) pilot program was initiated in the San Juan basin consisting of seven wells, drilled in order of increasing complexity. The intention was to evaluate the full capabilities of CTD and its potential for use in the San Juan basin as well as the general U.S. onshore area. The drilling program included vertical wellbores, S-shaped wells off of a pad, and a horizontal sidetrack- all targeting the Fruitland Coal. In addition, several vertical and directional deep-set intermediate strings for future drilling of the deeper tight gas in the Mesa Verde and Dakota formations were set with CTD. The rig used was a new, custom-built, coiled tubing/rotary hybrid rig setup for use with large-diameter coiled tubing (3.5 in. and 2.875 in. OD). In addition, it had a single-sized derrick, rotary table and top-drive. This allowed the rig to drill with jointed pipe, handle and make-up bottomhole assemblies (BHA), and run liner and casing. Problems were encountered in areas such as fluid and additive selection, bit selection, hole stability issues, and crew training and rig limitations. In addition, CTD in this format was new to the San Juan basin and its personnel. Further issues that added difficulty included maintaining stringent standards of safety and environmental compliance, as well as conducting world-first operations such as running a rotary-steerable system (RSS) on coiled tubing. The end result was seven successfully drilled wells that are producing at the same or at better rates than offsets drilled with conventional rotary technology.
Supplementary Table 1 - 9 and Figures 1 - 14 from Quantitative Optical Imaging of Primary Tumor Organoid Metabolism Predicts Drug Response in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a trastuzumabresponsive xenograft tumor. Supplementary Figure 2: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of BT474 cells. Supplementary Figure 3: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a trastuzumab-resistant xenograft tumor. Supplementary Figure 4: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of HR6 cells. Supplementary Figure 5: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of organoids from patient sample #1 (ER+/HER2-). Supplementary Figure 6: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a ER+ primary tumor. Supplementary Figure 7: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of organoids from patient sample #2 (ER+/HER2-). Supplementary Figure 8: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a second ER+ primary tumor. Supplementary Figure 9: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of organoids from patient sample #3 (ER+/HER2-). Supplementary Figure 10: Population modeling identifies heterogeneous drug responses of organoids from patient sample #4 (ER+/HER2-). Supplementary Figure 11: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a third ER+ primary tumor. Supplementary Figure 12: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a fourth ER+ primary tumor. Supplementary Figure 13: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a HER2+ primary tumor. Supplementary Figure 14: OMI endpoints of organoids derived from a TNBC primary tumor. Supplementary Table 1: NADH and FAD lifetime component values of BT474-xenograft derived organoids. Supplementary Table 2: NADH and FAD lifetime component values. Supplementary Table 3: Grade, proliferation rate, estrogen receptor expression, progesterone receptor expression, and HER2 receptor. Supplementary Table 4: NADH and FAD lifetime component values Supplementary Table 5: NADH and FAD lifetime component values of organoids. Supplementary Table 6: NADH and FAD lifetime component values. Supplementary Table 7: NADH and FAD lifetime component values of organoids derived from a fourth ER+ primary tumor. Supplementary Table 8: NADH and FAD lifetime component values of organoids derived from a HER2+ primary tumor. Supplementary Table 9: NADH and FAD lifetime component values of organoids derived from a TNBC primary tumor.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Properties of a New Polymer with a Cubane-Containing Backbone. Synthesis and Metathesis Polymerization and Copolymerization of 1,4-Bis(homoallyl)cubane (1996)

The synthesis of an unsaturated polymer containing cubane moieties in the backbone has been achieved by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of 1,4-bis(homoallyl)cubane. The molecular weight as determined by 1H NMR (6−7 C14H16 repeat units) is Mn = 1100−1300. Copolymerization of 1,4-bis(homoallyl)cubane with 1,5-hexadiene gave a polymer fraction containing an average of 9 C14H16/6 butenylene repeat units. The copolymer is soluble in THF.
Sensor technology to track forces, placement and positioning of Arabin Pessary (2017)

Objective: This paper introduces a simple wireless method to monitor the orientation and forces exerted by the cervix on the Arabin Pessary without introducing any active circuitry or using complicated imaging methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The key technology behind the sensor is based on the measurement of the mutual coupling between two coils as the angle of the coil and the capacitance of the resonant circuit is varied. The change is measured using an external sensor circuit composed of a modified Grid Dip Oscillator (GDO). Methods: The authors have tested the device with a test rig to simulate the tissue barrier and the environment in which the Arabin Pessary is situated. Results: A frequency of approximately 560 kHz was used. The change in voltage with orientation follows a sinusoidal trend with the maximum voltage at 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> being 6.23V and the minimum voltage at 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> being 5.39V. The capacitance force sensor has a baseline capacitance of 32.5pF and yielded approximately 1pF change in capacitance for every 1N of force. This would result in a 0.765kHz/N sensitivity for a system with 560kHz baseline frequency. Conclusion: The designed sensor is capable of detecting, with good accuracy, both the forces exerted and the orientation of the Arabin. Significance: Correct placement of implanted devices can be critical to their function. Possessing the ability to monitor the properties of an implanted device in a noninvasive manner continuously would improve early detection of incorrect or failed placement minimizing negative health impacts and costs associated with complications.
Multi Features Combination for Pedestrian Detection (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for pedestrian detection in crowded scene from static images. The method is based on hybrid features, one type of middle-level features, which compose of multi features include gradient features, Edgelet features and haar-like features, three low-level feature sets. The gradient features focus on the local point information, the Edgelet features focus on the local edge information and the haar-like features focus on the local region information of the image. We use two stages of Adaboost to train the final classifier. In the first stage, the whole image is divided into many small windows which all include numerous low-level features. Adaboost is used in each window to get one middle-level feature which composes of some best features including gradient features, Edgelet features and haar-like features in this window. Secondly, from all middle-level features, Adaboost is used again to get the final classifier. Experiment results on common datasets and comparisons with some previous methods are given.
Finite-Time Attitude Tracking of Spacecraft With Fault-Tolerant Capability (2014)

A finite-time attitude tracking control scheme is presented for rigid spacecraft subject to constant but unknown inertia and external disturbances. The controller, developed using sliding mode control technique, has great fault-tolerant capability to accommodate four types of actuator faults. Different from most of the existing works on attitude fault-tolerant control (FTC), the developed controller guarantees the desired attitude to be followed in finite time, which is critical for FTC systems. Moreover, the convergence time is an explicit parameter for designer's choice. Thus, the controller design simply meets the finite-time requirement. The attitude-tracking performance is evaluated through a numerical example.
Human annexin 1 is highly expressed during the differentiation of the epithelial cell line A 549: involvement of nuclear factor interleukin 6 in phorbol ester induction of annexin 1. (1998)

The role of annexin 1 (Ax 1) in cell differentiation was studied in the A 549 epithelial cell line, a human lung adenocarcinoma line, that responds to phorbol esters and glucocorticoids by induction of differentiated properties. Ax 1 has also been reported to be involved in the control of cell proliferation. We report that Ax 1 synthesis occurs upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment of A 549 cells and its appearance is correlated with the presence of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, or CD26, a marker of epithelial cell differentiation. In addition, using transfection experiments and site-directed mutagenesis with the Ax 1 promoter coupled to a reporter gene, we report that a unique region of the Ax 1 promoter confers the response of the reporter gene to PMA and dexamethasone. This response to PMA and/or dexamethasone involves the induction of the synthesis and/or the activity of trans/cis-activating transcriptional factors. Furthermore, we have delineated the mechanism of the transcriptional activation of Ax 1 by PMA and the involvement of a specific transcription factor, nuclear factor interleukin 6 (C/EBP beta).
Experimental VUV absorbance study of fluorine-functionalized polystyrenes (2001)

A number of fluoro-functionalized poly(4-hydroxystyrene) derivatives, consisting of both blocked and unblocked hexafluoroisopropanol-substituted stryrenes, were prepared and their vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured. From our efforts, we find that a wide range of synthetic flexibility exists and allows for a variety of fluorinated analogs of APEX-like and ESCAP-like copolymers and terpolymers with 157nm absorption coefficients less than 4.0micrometers . From these findings, we conclude that facile routes to high-performance 157nm resins are possible with optimum imaging thicknesses of 100 to 130nm.
Capillary electrophoresis immunoassay using magnetic beads (2008)

Protein A-coated magnetic beads (0.3 mum) have been trapped in a small portion of a neutrally coated capillary (50 mum id). Anti-beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) antibodies have then been immobilized on the beads through strong affinity with protein A to subsequently capture beta-LG from model or real samples. Once the immunocomplexes formed at physiological pH, a discontinuous buffer system has been used to release the partners and preconcentrate them by transient ITP. The antigens and antibodies have finally been separated by CZE and detected by UV absorbance. An LOQ of 55 nM has been achieved. This methodology has been applied to quantify native beta-LG in pasteurized and ultra-high-temperature-treated bovine milk. All the described procedures, including immunosorbent preparation, sample extraction, cleanup, preconcentration, and separation are completely automated on a commercial CE instrument. As this CE immunoassay method is simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive, it should be a practical and attractive technology for the analysis of complicated biological samples.