gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Al2O3 Phase Transformations on Gram Growth in ZrO2-Al2O3Nanocomposites (2010)

Tetragonal ZrO2 can be stabilized without chemical dopants by maintaining a grain size of 25 nm or less. In this research, Al2O3 is used to control the grain growth. Previous work indicated that a well dispersed mixture of ZrO2 and Al2O3 is needed to prevent grain growth at high temperatures. The current research is investigating the effect of Al2O3 phase transformations on grain growth at high temperatures and on the ability of Al2O3 to control the grain size of ZrO2. Nanophase Zr2 — Al2O3 powders were produced using several solution based methods. The powders were examined using XRD and TEM to determine the phase distribution and the grain size. Samples that successfully maintained the desired grain size contained mostly transition phases of Al2O3 such as δ- or θ- Al2O3 Samples that showed runaway grain growth tended to have more α- Al2O3 present. This observation indicates that the transition phases grow more slowly and thus are more effective for grains size control than the stable α phase.
Coded transmit macrodiversity: block space-time codes over distributed antennas (2002)

This paper considers the combination of space-time codes and macrodiversity to the cellular downlink. The antenna array used by the space-time code is comprised of the antennas of two or three geographically separated base stations. For ease of exposition and to reduce algorithmic complexity, we have restricted our attention to space-time block codes. Simulation results indicate a significant improvement in energy efficiency at remote locations when the proposed system is used.
Gap junction reduction in cardiomyocytes following transforming growth factor-β treatment and Trypanosoma cruzi infection (2009)

Gap junction connexin-43 (Cx43) molecules are responsible for electrical impulse conduction in the heart and are affected by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). This cytokine increases during Trypanosoma cruzi infection, modulating fibrosis and the parasite cell cycle. We studied Cx43 expression in cardiomyocytes exposed or not to TGF-beta T. cruzi, or SB-431542, an inhibitor of TGF-beta receptor type I (ALK-5). Cx43 expression was also examined in hearts with dilated cardiopathy from chronic Chagas disease patients, in which TGF-beta signalling had been shown previously to be highly activated. We demonstrated that TGF-beta treatment induced disorganised gap junctions in non-infected cardiomyocytes, leading to a punctate, diffuse and non-uniform Cx43 staining. A similar pattern was detected in T. cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes concomitant with high TGF-beta secretion. Both results were reversed if the cells were incubated with SB-431542. Similar tests were performed using human chronic chagasic patients and we confirmed a down-regulation of Cx43 expression, an altered distribution of plaques in the heart and a significant reduction in the number and length of Cx43 plaques, which correlated negatively with cardiomegaly. We conclude that elevated TGF-beta levels during T. cruzi infection promote heart fibrosis and disorganise gap junctions, possibly contributing to abnormal impulse conduction and arrhythmia that characterise severe cardiopathy in Chagas disease.
Synthesis of poly(dihydroxystyrene-block-styrene) (PDHSt-b-PSt) by the RAFT process and preparation of organic-solvent-dispersive Ag NPs by automatic reduction of metal ions in the presence of PDHSt-b-PSt (2014)

We proposed a block copolymer, poly(dihydroxystyrene-block-styrene) (PDHSt-b-PSt), that contains catechol groups in the side chains of PDHSt moieties. Since catechol groups automatically reduce silver (Ag) ions to their metallic state, the block copolymer was used as a reductant to synthesize organic-solvent-dispersive Ag NPs (NPs) stabilized with the block copolymer at room temperature. Ag NP sizes were controlled by changing molecular weights of PDHSt of the block copolymer.
Efficient Synthesis of Thiolactoside Glycoclusters by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Disubstituted Alkynes on Carbohydrate Scaffolds (2012)

Abstract Lectin‐carbohydrate interactions are responsible for several cellular processes involved in the immune system and the development of certain types of cancer. To further understanding of the cellular responses triggered by these interactions, complex carbohydrates are designed and prepared. Here, we describe the synthesis of a family of multivalent glycoclusters based on carbohydrate cores bearing thiolactosides or thiogalactosides as recognition elements with structural valencies ranging from 2 to 8. The synthetic strategy involves a key ruthenium‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between symmetric disubstituted alkynes bearing two thiosugar units and azide‐containing carbohydrate scaffolds. This methodology afforded high‐valency glycoconjugates in good to excellent yields. Binding affinities of the synthetic β‐thiolactosides for peanut lectin were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. These titrations revealed micromolar affinities as well as a multivalent effect. A tetravalent glycoconjugate based on a trehalose scaffold displayed the highest binding affinity.
Light-responsive monobodies for dynamic control of customizable protein binding (2020)

ABSTRACT Customizable, high affinity protein-protein interactions, such as those mediated by antibodies and antibody-like molecules, are invaluable to basic and applied research and have become pillars for modern therapeutics. The ability to reversibly control the binding activity of these proteins to their targets on demand would significantly expand their applications in biotechnology, medicine, and research. Here we present, as proof-of-principle, a light-controlled monobody (OptoMB) that works in vitro and in vivo , whose affinity for its SH2-domain target exhibits a 300-fold shift in binding affinity upon illumination. We demonstrate that our αSH2-OptoMB can be used to purify SH2-tagged proteins directly from crude E. coli extract, achieving 99.8% purity and over 40% yield in a single purification step. This OptoMB belongs to a new class of light-sensitive protein binders we call OptoBinders (OptoBNDRs) which, by virtue of their ability to be designed to bind any protein of interest, have the potential to find new powerful applications as light-switchable binders of untagged proteins with high affinity and selectivity, and with the temporal and spatial precision afforded by light.
An Alternative System for Transvaginal Removal of Dermoid Cyst and a Comparative Study with Laparoscopy (2011)

The objective was to introduce a new system for transvaginal removal of ovarian cyst and to evaluate its feasibility. With a new transvaginal system, ultrasound-assisted culdotomy, and laparoscopy supported cystectomy if vaginal procedure failed. The authors conducted a retrospective review in which 35 cases using new vaginal ovarian cystectomy were compared with 40 cases of laparoscopic cystectomy for the treatment of dermoid cyst. All cystectomies were completed without conversion to laparotomy and complications. In a case from vaginal group, laparoscopy was required. No differences existed in operating time, hemoglobin decrease, and C-reactive protein value between groups. Laparoscopically supported vaginal ovarian cystectomy with ultrasound-guided culdotomy was equivalent to laparoscopic cystectomy as to invasiveness and preserved the option of a completely vaginal approach. When a presumed benign dermoid cyst is located in cul-de-sac, this operation may represent a preferable alternative to an exclusively laparoscopic or exclusively vaginal ovarian cystectomy.
Towards Class-Imbalance Aware Multi-Label Learning (2020)

Multi-label learning deals with training examples each represented by a single instance while associated with multiple class labels. Due to the exponential number of possible label sets to be considered by the predictive model, it is commonly assumed that label correlations should be well exploited to design an effective multi-label learning approach. On the other hand, class-imbalance stands as an intrinsic property of multi-label data which significantly affects the generalization performance of the multi-label predictive model. For each class label, the number of training examples with positive labeling assignment is generally much less than those with negative labeling assignment. To deal with the class-imbalance issue for multi-label learning, a simple yet effective class-imbalance aware learning strategy called cross-coupling aggregation (COCOA) is proposed in this article. Specifically, COCOA works by leveraging the exploitation of label correlations as well as the exploration of class-imbalance simultaneously. For each class label, a number of multiclass imbalance learners are induced by randomly coupling with other labels, whose predictions on the unseen instance are aggregated to determine the corresponding labeling relevancy. Extensive experiments on 18 benchmark datasets clearly validate the effectiveness of COCOA against state-of-the-art multi-label learning approaches especially in terms of imbalance-specific evaluation metrics.
Random frequency accessible broad tunable THz-wave source using phase-matched DAST crystal DFG (2006)

Ultra broad band (from 1.5 to 37 THz) THz-wave generation using difference frequency generation (DFG) in an organic 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal was demonstrated. A DAST crystal is one of the promising materials for efficient and high power THz-wave generation, because of its very high nonlinearity and low refractive index dispersion between the near infrared region and the THz-wave region. We can use DAST's highest nonlinear component of, d11 (about 230pm/V), to generate THz-wave with by means of DFG, because the co-linear phase matching condition of the Type0 configuration is satisfied. We constructed a dual-wavelength optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with two KTP crystals pumped by frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Each KTP crystal was set on a Galvano scanner and the angle of each crystal was controlled independently. The OPO has a tunable range from 1300 - 1900 nm, results in an ultra broad tunable range of the THz-wave. We successfully generated ultra broad tunable THz-wave just using only one DAST crystal without any change of the experimental setup, except the computer controlled Galvano scanner angle change. The Hhighest THz-wave energy of 10 nJ was obtained at around 26 THz region under 2 mJ of pumping energy. And also, the THz-wave source can access an arbitral THz frequency at for every pulse (50 Hz at present). The Galvano scanner has a 1 kHz of responsibility response and we would obtain 1 msec of frequency access speed.
Leadership Style, Anonymity, and the Discussion of an Ethical Issue in an Electronic Context (2006)

A laboratory experiment was conducted with 42 student groups to evaluate the effects of transactional vs. transformational leadership styles and anonymity when groups supported by an Electronic Meeting System (EMS) discussed the ethical issue of copying copyrighted software. A confederate leader displayed either transformational or transactional behaviors. Transformational leaders motivate effort by raising the awareness of followers to make them aspire to higher-order needs and values and by developing them to fulfill their aspirations. Transactional leaders motivate effort by highlighting the contractual exchange involved in a relationship. Participants working with a transformational confederate were more likely to make arguments that challenged the copying of copyrighted software than those working with one who was more transactional. These arguments, in turn, caused groups exposed to such arguments to have greater deviation among its members in intentions to copy the software. Participants working with a transactional confederate were more likely to make arguments in favor of copying copyrighted software. These arguments, in turn, caused groups exposed to such arguments to have a greater mean of intentions to copy the software. Implications for practice and future research on ethics and leadership in the electronic context are discussed.
Validation of a Previously Developed Geospatial Model That Predicts the Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in New York State Produce Fields (2015)

Technological advancements, particularly in the field of geographic information systems (GIS), have made it possible to predict the likelihood of foodborne pathogen contamination in produce production environments using geospatial models. Yet, few studies have examined the validity and robustness of such models. This study was performed to test and refine the rules associated with a previously developed geospatial model that predicts the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in produce farms in New York State (NYS). Produce fields for each of four enrolled produce farms were categorized into areas of high or low predicted L. monocytogenes prevalence using rules based on a field's available water storage (AWS) and its proximity to water, impervious cover, and pastures. Drag swabs (n = 1,056) were collected from plots assigned to each risk category. Logistic regression, which tested the ability of each rule to accurately predict the prevalence of L. monocytogenes, validated the rules based on water and pasture. Samples collected near water (odds ratio [OR], 3.0) and pasture (OR, 2.9) showed a significantly increased likelihood of L. monocytogenes isolation compared to that for samples collected far from water and pasture. Generalized linear mixed models identified additional land cover factors associated with an increased likelihood of L. monocytogenes isolation, such as proximity to wetlands. These findings validated a subset of previously developed rules that predict L. monocytogenes prevalence in produce production environments. This suggests that GIS and geospatial models can be used to accurately predict L. monocytogenes prevalence on farms and can be used prospectively to minimize the risk of preharvest contamination of produce.
Estimating the activated carbon adsorption of organic chemicals in water (1993)

Abstract The adsorbtion of an organic chemical on activated carbon can be estimated without experimentation by using either literature data or quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs). This review focuses on the activated carbon adsorption of organic chemicals at low concentrations applicable to water treatment or natural water. High variability is found among the data in the six literature sources considered. However, high correlations often exist between the data in differing sources, implying that systematic differences and not just experimental irregularities are responsible for the variability. QSARs relate adsorbtion to easily obtained chemical descriptors. They can be used for estimating the adsorbtion of a chemical that is similar to the chemicals upon which the QS AR is based. The 13 QSARs considered in this review use methods based on octanol‐water partition coefficients, Polanyi potential theory, linear solvation energy relationships, molecular connectivity, and other physical/chemical descriptors. The QSARs demonstrate a high potential for accurately estimating adsorption, but are limited by the high variability of the underlying literature data.
Dehydrogenase genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma vaccinum: A role for Ald1 in mycorrhizal symbiosis (2015)

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is important for forest ecosystem functioning with tree-fungal cooperation increasing performance and countering stress conditions. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are key enzymes for detoxification and thus may play a role in stress response of the symbiotic association. With this focus, eight dehydrogenases, Ald1 through Ald7 and TyrA, of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum were characterized and phylogenetically investigated. Functional analysis was performed through differential expression analysis by feeding different, environmentally important substances. A strong effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified, linking mycorrhiza formation and auxin signaling between the symbiosis partners. We investigated ald1 overexpressing strains for performance in mycorrhiza with the host tree spruce (Picea abies) and observed an increased width of the apoplast, accommodating the Hartig' net hyphae of the T. vaccinum over-expressing transformants. The results support a role for Ald1 in ectomycorrhiza formation and underline functional differentiation within fungal aldehyde dehydrogenases in the family 1 of ALDHs.
UTILIZATION OF JOURNAL CLUBS IN PHYSIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAMS (1992)

s of Scientific Posters Presented at the Association of Academic Physiatrists Spring Meeting: February 1992—Orlando, Florida: PDF Only
Studies on characterization of odor-descriptive terms for food products, Part IV. Preparation and evaluation of odor reference solution for principal odor attributes of foods. (1991)

食品の基本的な匂い標品を作製するために,そのイメージデータと官能データの一致度の評価法について検討した.15個の匂い特性と43個の評価用語の類似性をアンケート調査し,イメージデータを作成した.次に試作された標品の匂いを実際に嗅ぎ,その匂いと43個の評価用語の関係から,官能データを作成した.このまったく同じ形式の2つのデータを,(1)数量化理論第3類とクラスター分析,(2)数量化理論第2類により解析し,(1)においてはイメージデータと対応する官能データが最小のクラスターを形成すること,(2)では匂い特性毎にイメージデータと官能データが同じグループとして他の匂い特性から明確に判別されることにより,満足のいく匂い標品が調製されたと考えた.
Cortical surface registration using unsupervised learning (2020)

Non-rigid cortical registration is an important and challenging task due to the geometric complexity of the human cortex and the high degree of inter-subject variability. A conventional solution is to use a spherical representation of surface properties and perform registration by aligning cortical folding patterns in that space. This strategy produces accurate spatial alignment, but often requires high computational cost. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated the potential to dramatically speed up volumetric registration. However, due to distortions introduced by projecting a sphere to a 2D plane, a direct application of recent learning-based methods to surfaces yields poor results. In this study, we present SphereMorph, a diffeomorphic registration framework for cortical surfaces using deep networks that addresses these issues. SphereMorph uses a UNet-style network associated with a spherical kernel to learn the displacement field and warps the sphere using a modified spatial transformer layer. We propose a resampling weight in computing the data fitting loss to account for distortions introduced by polar projection, and demonstrate the performance of our proposed method on two tasks, including cortical parcellation and group-wise functional area alignment. The experiments show that the proposed SphereMorph is capable of modeling the geometric registration problem in a CNN framework and demonstrate superior registration accuracy and computational efficiency. The source code of SphereMorph will be released to the public upon acceptance of this manuscript at https://github.com/voxelmorph/spheremorph.
Cost analysis of DWDM multi-mode switching router (2010)

Optical networks with DWDM technology have been considered the most promising solution for the next generation networks. While DWDM is universally used in transmission, different switching technologies can be used to direct input data to the desired output at router nodes. Although electronic packet switching (EPS) can switch at the packet level and provide a rich set of traffic management capacities, the cost to support a large number of DWDM channels is high due to the cost of O/E/O conversion. On the other hand, while optical switching technologies can cost effectively scale to support a large number of DWDM channels, neither of the two practical optical switching technologies, namely, optical circuit switching (OCS), and optical burst switching (OBS), can switch at the packet level. In this paper, we present the cost analysis of a DWDM multi-mode switching router architecture, which is able to accommodate EPS, OCS and OBS on the same router platform. We derive the cost model for the multi-mode switching router with respect to a reference electronic switching router. Our analysis shows that the multi-mode switching architecture provides a cost effective solution for scaling the number of DWDM channels.
Underwater material recognition based on laser-induced acoustic source (2014)

Laser-induced acoustic source has become an intense research interest because of its wideband signal components, increased autonomy, flexibility of subsurface and capability of airborne operation. It has large potential applications in undersea surveillance, port monitoring, defense missions and a variety of commercial activities such as target recognition and ocean-graphic survey. Underwater material recognition based on a remote laser-induced acoustic source is discussed in this paper. A Prony based method with damped sinusoids is used to estimate the laser-induced transient acoustic signals. Underwater acoustic recognition is studied by analyzing a single echo from a kind of material when the laser transient is incident to the material. The experimental results show that the acoustic thicknesses of material estimated by Prony's method are very close to the real ones.
Nucleic Acid Aptamers Against Proteases (2011)

Proteases are potential or realized therapeutic targets in a wide variety of pathological conditions. Moreover, proteases are classical subjects for studies of enzymatic and regulatory mechanisms. We here review the literature on nucleic acid aptamers selected with proteases as targets. Designing small molecule protease inhibitors of sufficient specificity has proved a daunting task. Aptamers seem to represent a promising alternative. In our review, we concentrate on biochemical mechanisms of aptamer selection, protein-aptamer recognition, protease inhibition, and advantages of aptamers for pharmacological intervention with pathophysiological functions of proteases. Aptamers can be selected so that they bind their targets highly specifically and with affinities corresponding to KD values in the nM range. Aptamers can be selected so that they recognize their targets conformation-specifically, for instance with vastly different affinities to zymogen and active enzyme forms. Furthermore, aptamers can be selected to inhibit the enzyme activity of the target proteases, but also to inhibit functionally important exosite interactions, for instance cofactor binding. Several protease-inhibiting aptamers, directed against blood coagulation factors, are in clinical trials as anticoagulant drugs. Several of the studies on protease-binding aptamers have been pioneering and trend-setting in the field. The work with protease-binding aptamers also demonstrates many interesting examples of non-standard selection strategies and of new principles for regulating the activity of the inhibitory action of aptamers of general interest to researchers working with nucleic acid aptamers.