gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling (1995)

Network arrivals are often modeled as Poisson processes for analytic simplicity, even though a number of traffic studies have shown that packet interarrivals are not exponentially distributed. We evaluate 24 wide area traces, investigating a number of wide area TCP arrival processes (session and connection arrivals, FTP data connection arrivals within FTP sessions, and TELNET packet arrivals) to determine the error introduced by modeling them using Poisson processes. We find that user-initiated TCP session arrivals, such as remote-login and file-transfer, are well-modeled as Poisson processes with fixed hourly rates, but that other connection arrivals deviate considerably from Poisson; that modeling TELNET packet interarrivals as exponential grievously underestimates the burstiness of TELNET traffic, but using the empirical Tcplib interarrivals preserves burstiness over many time scales; and that FTP data connection arrivals within FTP sessions come bunched into "connection bursts", the largest of which are so large that they completely dominate FTP data traffic. Finally, we offer some results regarding how our findings relate to the possible self-similarity of wide area traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein Profile of Tax-associated Complexes (2003)

Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) results in adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Tax, a 40-kDa protein, regulates viral and cellular transcription, host signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Tax has been shown to modulate cellular CREB and NFkappaB pathways; however, to date, its role in binding to various host cellular proteins involved in tumorigenesis has not been fully described. In this study, we describe the Tax-associated proteins and their functions in cells using several approaches. Tax eluted from a sizing column mostly at an apparent molecular mass of 1800 kDa. Following Tax immunoprecipitation, washes with high salt buffer, two-dimensional gel separation, and mass spectrometric analysis, a total of 32 proteins was identified. Many of these proteins belong to the signal transduction and cytoskeleton pathways and transcription/chromatin remodeling. A few of these proteins, including TXBP151, have been shown previously to bind to Tax. The interaction of Tax with small GTPase-cytoskeleton proteins, such as ras GAP1m, Rac1, Cdc42, RhoA, and gelsolin, indicates how Tax may regulate migration, invasion, and adhesion in T-cell cancers. Finally, the physical and functional association of Tax with the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex was assessed using in vitro chromatin remodeling assays, chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 mutant cells, and RNA interference experiments. Collectively, Tax is able to bind and regulate many cellular proteins that regulate transcription and cytoskeletal related pathways, which might explain the pleiotropic effects of Tax leading to T-cell transformation and leukemia in HTLV-1-infected patients.
Labeling of Oligopeptides with Luminescent Lanthanide(III) Chelates on Solid Phase (2009)

Synthesis of a building block based on 6,6-(1H-pyrazole-1,3-diyl)bis(pyridine) (3) that allows introduction of photoluminescent lanthanide(III) chelates to the synthetic oligopeptides on solid phase using the standard Fmoc chemistry is described. Since the ligand based on (3) forms luminescent chelates with Eu3+, Sm3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+ ions, the ligand is highly useful for multiparametric homogenous assays simplifying considerably the preparation of chelates needed in these applications. Keywords: Lanthanide(III) chelates, oligopeptides, solid phase synthesis, labeling
Characterization of hematite (α‐Fe2O3), goethite (α‐FeOOH), greigite (Fe3S4), and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) using first‐order reversal curve diagrams (2006)

First‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams have become a standard tool in rock magnetism, yet magnetite is the only magnetic mineral that is well characterized using FORC diagrams. We present FORC diagrams for predominantly single‐domain (SD) synthetic aluminous hematite ( α ‐Fe 2‐x Al x O 3 ) and goethite ( α ‐(FeAl)OOH) and natural greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) and pyrrhotite (Fe 7 S 8 ) to constrain interpretation of FORC diagrams from natural samples. Hematite and goethite have low spontaneous magnetizations and negligible magnetic interactions, while greigite and pyrrhotite have higher spontaneous magnetizations and can have strong magnetic interactions. The coercivity of hematite systematically increases with Al content only for samples produced using the same synthesis method, but it is variable for samples produced with different methods even for similar Al content. This precludes use of magnetic coercivity alone to quantify the Al content of natural hematites. Goethite has much higher coercivity than hematite for all measured samples. SD and superparamagnetic (SP) behavior is common in natural greigite samples, with peak coercivities ranging from ∼70 mT (SD) to zero (SP). This range overlaps with that of lower‐coercivity minerals, which can make greigite identification ambiguous at room temperature. Fine‐grained SD pyrrhotite has slightly higher coercivities than greigite, which progressively decreases with increasing grain size within the SD size range and overlaps the range for greigite. While FORC diagrams are useful for magnetic characterization, care is needed in interpretation because of overlaps in the broad range of magnetic properties, which result from variations in domain state, for any magnetic mineral with respect to other minerals.
Quantifying and Learning Static vs. Dynamic Information in Deep Spatiotemporal Networks (2022)

There is limited understanding of the information captured by deep spatiotemporal models in their intermediate representations. For example, while evidence suggests that action recognition algorithms are heavily influenced by visual appearance in single frames, no quantitative methodology exists for evaluating such static bias in the latent representation compared to bias toward dynamics. We tackle this challenge by proposing an approach for quantifying the static and dynamic biases of any spatiotemporal model, and apply our approach to three tasks, action recognition, automatic video object segmentation (AVOS) and video instance segmentation (VIS). Our key findings are: (i) Most examined models are biased toward static information. (ii) Some datasets that are assumed to be biased toward dynamics are actually biased toward static information. (iii) Individual channels in an architecture can be biased toward static, dynamic or a combination of the two. (iv) Most models converge to their culminating biases in the first half of training. We then explore how these biases affect performance on dynamically biased datasets. For action recognition, we propose StaticDropout, a semantically guided dropout that debiases a model from static information toward dynamics. For AVOS, we design a better combination of fusion and cross connection layers compared with previous architectures.
Simultaneous phase correction and SENSE reconstruction for navigated multi‐shot DWI with non‐cartesian k‐space sampling (2005)

Phase-navigated multi-shot acquisition and parallel imaging are two techniques that have been applied to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to diminish distortions and to enhance spatial resolution. Specifically, sensitivity encoding (SENSE) has been combined with single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI). Thus far, it has been difficult to apply parallel imaging methods, like SENSE, to multi-shot DWI because motion-induced phase error varies from shot to shot and interferes with sensitivity encoding. Although direct phase subtraction methods have been introduced to correct this phase error, they generally are not suitable for SENSE reconstruction, and they cannot remove all the motion artifacts even if the phase error is fully known. Here, an effective algorithm is proposed to correct the motion-induced phase error using an iterative reconstruction. In this proposed conjugate-gradient (CG) algorithm, the phase error is treated as an image encoding function. Given the complex perturbation terms, diffusion-weighted images can be reconstructed using an augmented sensitivity map. The mathematical formulation and image reconstruction procedures of this algorithm are similar to the SENSE reconstruction. By defining a dynamic composite sensitivity, the CG phase correction method can be conveniently incorporated with SENSE reconstruction for the application of multi-shot SENSE DWI. Effective phase correction and multi-shot SENSE DWI (R = 1 to 3) are demonstrated on both simulated and in vivo data acquired with PROPELLER and SNAILS.
Deep Periocular Recognition: A Case Study (2019)

The periocular region of a face can be used as an autonomous modality in a biometric recognition system. We evaluate two different deep learning pipelines, one with a specific segmentation step and one without it, and show the positive and negative properties of both of them. The obtained results on the newly introduced public dataset SBVPI show that the periocular region offers enough distinguishing information for successful identity recognition.
Career Opportunities in Power Generation (2001)

The Power Generation Industry has a wide variety of challenging career opportunities for engineers. This paper provides an overview of the types of job opportunities that are currently available within the fossil fuel segment of the industry with a focus on gas and steam turbine based power plants. The challenges within these jobs and ability to alter career paths as individual interests’ change are also described.
Recent Advance in Exact ROI/VOI Image Reconstruction (2010)

Over the past few years, computed tomography (CT) reconstruction theory has undergone a rapid development. Since Katsevich published his paper on exact and efficient helical cone-beam CT reconstruction in 2002, intensified research efforts have been made in this field. Various analytic algorithms have been proposed for exact reconstruction from many kinds of projection data. Among them, region-of-interest (ROI) or volume-of-interest (VOI) image reconstruction is one important class of methods in which the projections are usually transversely truncated. During the past three years, some novel algorithms have been developed for exact ROI/VOI reconstruction. Here we present an overview of some key results in this field, especially emphasizing three milestone algorithms: the super-short-scan algorithms, the backprojection- filtration (BPF) or differentiated backprojection (DBP) algorithms, and the POCS (projection onto convex sets) algorithms for interior problem. Finally, we make concluding remarks. Keywords: Computed tomography (CT), image reconstruction, region-of-interest (ROI), truncated Hilbert transform, interior problem
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (2010)

We are pleased to host the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (ITS) 2010, held November 7th to the 10th, 2010, in Saarbrucken, Germany. ITS 2010 is the 5th event in a series of annual research workshops and conferences that began in 2006 in Adelaide, Australia as Tabletop, and has subsequently traveled around the world (Tabletop 2007 in Newport, RI, USA; Tabletop and Interactive Surfaces (TIS) 2008 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and the ACM International Conference ITS 2009 in Banff, Canada). In addition, ITS has also broadened in scope beyond its original focus on horizontal computer systems and ITS 2010 is a premier venue for presenting research in the design and use of new and emerging tabletop and interactive surface technologies. As a still young and very active community, we embrace the growth of the discipline in a wide variety of areas, including innovations in ITS hardware, software, interaction design, and studies expanding our understanding of design considerations of ITS technologies and of their applications in modern society. ITS 2010 will bring together top researchers and practitioners who are interested in both the technical and human aspects of interactive tabletop and surface technologies. In 2010, we have extended the conference format and added a separate day for a doctoral symposium and a larger slate of tutorials before the main conference. In addition, we established a mentor program to help those with less experience in academic publication to prepare competitive publications. Additionally, the review process was formalized, with a smaller program committee each responsible for seeking external reviews for a larger number of submissions. With this change, we intend to continue ITS growth as a premiere venue in the field.

We believe this year's technical program reflects a broad scope. In these proceedings you will find contributions from both academia and industry from around the world, including 19 full papers and 13 notes (acceptance rate of 28 %). This year's program reflects both continued innovation of interactive surface technologies and a maturation of the field as it expands to include real-world individual and collaborative activities. The program contains topics that expand the limits of current interactive surface capabilities, including exciting new hardware platforms that enable more sophisticated and nuanced user input, innovative interaction techniques that enable more complex interaction with application data and functionality, and use case examples of interactive tabletop and surface applications developed to support different usage scenarios.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Targeting NEDDylation is a Novel Strategy to Attenuate Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pevonedistat stabilizes NRF2 expression in RPTECs.&lt;/p&gt;
A Study of Adaptive Equalizer for APSK in the Satellite Broadcasting System (2009)

By making use of LDPC codes and a smaller roll-off factor, the advanced satellite broadcasting system proposed by us has a 30% higher transmission channel capacity in comparison with the current ISDB-S system. In addition, the transmission channel capacity can be more increased by using multi-level amplitude phase shift keying (M-APSK) modulation. However, the APSK signal is more sensitive to the non-linear distortion. Hence, a careful consideration for APSK should be paid for transmission over a satellite channel. In this paper, we report on adaptive equalizers that are designed for APSK transmission over a satellite channel. We also report on computer simulation results of equalized 16/32APSK performances under a satellite channel model and discuss the equalization effect for the advanced ISDB-S system transmission format.
Real-time observation of photothermal effect after photo-irradiation of femtosecond laser pulse inside a glass (2005)

The initial processes of the refractive index change in a focal region of a femtosecond laser pulse inside a soda-lime glass is investigated by the transient lens (TrL) method with a time resolution of subpicosecond. The TrL signal showed a damped oscillation with about an 800 ps period. This oscillation was explained in terms of the thermoelastic response of a heated material by a short pulsed laser. The essential feature of the oscillation can be reproduced by the pressure wave creation and propagation to the outward direction from the irradiated region. The temporal evolution of the refractive index distribution inside a glass is retrieved from the probe beam deformation (TrL image) at various delay times between the pump and probe pulses. Two phases of the refractive index increase at the laser focal region were observed in a range of 1-50 ps and 500 - 700 ps. This is the first real time observation of the initial processes of the refractive index change in a focal region of a femtosecond laser pulse.
The Study of a New Tidal Power for a Practical Use (2020)

Park, Y.H. and Youn, D., 2020. The study of a new tidal power for a practical use. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1500–1504. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Dynamic Tidal Power (DTP), a kind of tidal power was first developed 20 years ago but it has never been actually built. Because DTP generates power using the diffraction effect of tides, it requires very long and large structures considering tidal period. Economic feasibility is most demanded for a practical use and various studies have been conducted to increase its output. Different shape and length DTPs had been tested in a previous study but they were not economical. For this reason, other ways were simulated to increase power generation in the study. Multiple and slit-type DTPs were chosen. It was found that the proper spacing between DTP structures was necessary for efficient power generation considering tidal diffraction effect. Because the intensity of light is varied as it passes through a single slit, a slit-type DTP was analyzed. The result from a slit-type DTP was failed to improve capacity but it was similar to those of a straight DTP. Because a slit-type DTP required less structure, it would be more economical and environmentally friendly. The study area was located in the west central coast of Korea where the tidal range was the largest and water depth was shallow. The simulations were conducted by the two dimensional numerical model ADCIRC.
Identification and Characterization of RHOA-Interacting Proteins in Bovine Spermatozoa1 (2007)

In somatic cells, RHOA mediates actin dynamics through a GNA13-mediated signaling cascade involving RHO kinase (ROCK), LIM kinase (LIMK), and cofilin. RHOA can be negatively regulated by protein kinase A (PRKA), and it interacts with members of the A-kinase anchoring (AKAP) family via intermediary proteins. In spermatozoa, actin polymerization precedes the acrosome reaction, which is necessary for normal fertility. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the GNA13-mediated RHOA signaling pathway may be involved in acrosome reaction in bovine caudal sperm, and whether AKAPs may be involved in its targeting and regulation. GNA13, RHOA, ROCK2, LIMK2, and cofilin were all detected by Western blot in bovine caudal sperm. Overlay, immunoprecipitation, and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis identified several RHOA-interacting proteins, including proacrosin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, tubulin, aldolase C, and AKAP4. Using overlay and pulldown techniques, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of AKAP3 increases its interaction with the RHOA-interacting proteins PRKAR2 (the type II regulatory subunit of PRKA, formerly RII) and ropporin (ROPN1, a PRKAR2-like protein, or R2D2). Varying calcium concentrations in pulldown assays did not significantly alter binding to R2D2 proteins. These data suggest that the actin-regulating GNA13-mediated RHOA-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway is present in bovine spermatozoa, that RHOA interacts with proteins involved in capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and that RHOA signaling in sperm may be targeted by AKAPs. Finally, AKAP3 binding to PRKAR2 and ROPN1 is regulated by phosphorylation in vitro.
7 T body MRI:B1shimming with simultaneous SAR reduction (2007)

The high frequency of the radiofrequency (RF) fields used in high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in electromagnetic field variations that can cause local regions to have a large specific absorption rate (SAR) and/or a low excitation. In this study, we evaluated the use of a B1 shimming technique which can simultaneously improve the B+1 homogeneity and reduce the SAR for whole body imaging at 7 T. Optimizations for four individual anatomies showed a reduction up to 74% of the peak SAR values with respect to a quadrature excitation and a simultaneous improvement of the B+1 homogeneity varying between 39 and 75% for different optimization parameters. The average SAR was reduced with approximately 50% for all optimizations. The optimized phase and amplitude settings from an elliptical phantom model were applied to four realistic human anatomy models to evaluate whether a generic application without prior knowledge of the detailed human anatomy is possible. This resulted in an average improvement of the B+1 homogeneity of 37% and an average reduction of the maximum and average SAR of 50 and 55%, respectively. It can be concluded that this generic method can be used as a simple method to improve the prospects of 7 T body imaging.
Incorporation of orally applied 13C-galactose into milk lactose and oligosaccharides (2006)

Biosynthesis and functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are not well known. A typical housekeeping enzyme, beta1,4-galactosyltransferase, links galactose to glucose to form lactose which is then used as backbone for the assembly of HMO. We investigated whether milk lactose and HMO may be labeled in vivo by an orally given (13)C-galactose bolus. Eleven exclusively breastfeeding mothers were given a (13)C-galactose bolus at the end of their breakfast. Milk and urine samples from each nursing up to 36 h were analyzed for carbohydrate composition by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. (13)C enrichment of milk fractions, urinary carbohydrates, lactose, and oligosaccharides as well as of breath CO(2) was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Up to 10% of the orally given galactose bolus was directly transported to the mammary gland and incorporated into milk components. Characteristic for most milk samples was the appearance of two (13)C-peaks, the first immediately after the (13)C-bolus was taken and the second on the next morning. The highest (13)C enrichment was found in lactose followed by neutral and acidic oligosaccharides. In breath samples, the (13)C-excretion followed the same pattern as in milk. (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance of isolated lactose revealed (13)C only at C(1)-atom of galactose and C(1)-atom of glucose. This label was without any exception at the same position as the (13)C-label of the orally applied galactose. Neutral and acidic HMO can easily be (13)C-labeled in vivo which facilitates investigations of their metabolic fate in infants.
Cell cycle exit during terminal erythroid differentiation is associated with accumulation of p27Kip1 and inactivation of cdk2 kinase (2000)

Progression through the mammalian cell cycle is regulated by cyclins, cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). The function of these proteins in the irreversible growth arrest associated with terminally differentiated cells is largely unknown. The function of Cip/Kip proteins p21Cip1and p27Kip1 during erythropoietin-induced terminal differentiation of primary erythroblasts isolated from the spleens of mice infected with the anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus was investigated. Both p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 proteins were induced during erythroid differentiation, but only p27Kip1 associated with the principal G1CDKs—cdk4, cdk6, and cdk2. The kinetics of binding of p27Kip1 to CDK complexes was distinct in that p27Kip1 associated primarily with cdk4 (and, to a lesser extent, cdk6) early in differentiation, followed by subsequent association with cdk2. Binding of p27Kip1 to cdk4 had no apparent inhibitory effect on cdk4 kinase activity, whereas inhibition of cdk2 kinase activity was associated with p27Kip1binding, accumulation of hypo-phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and G1 growth arrest. Inhibition of cdk4 kinase activity late in differentiation resulted from events other than p27Kip1 binding or loss of cyclin D from the complex. The data demonstrate that p27Kip1 differentially regulates the activity of cdk4 and cdk2 during terminal erythroid differentiation and suggests a switching mechanism whereby cdk4 functions to sequester p27Kip1 until a specified time in differentiation when cdk2 kinase activity is targeted by p27Kip1 to elicit G1 growth arrest. Further, the data imply that p21Cip1 may have a function independent of growth arrest during erythroid differentiation.