gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of inhibition of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (1990)

1. Various molecular mechanisms underlie the action of inhibitors of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes acting upon the enzyme itself and not elsewhere. 2. The activity of directly acting inhibitors is due to the compounds themselves rather than to metabolic intermediates thereof. When the enzyme's ground state is the target, competitive or non-competitive inhibition can be seen, depending on a number of factors. 3. Some inhibitors are transition-state analogues and bind slowly but with high affinity to the enzyme. Inhibition may be due to the compound itself and/or a metabolic intermediate. 4. Mechanism-based inhibitors are those which act via an in situ generated metabolic intermediate that can bind reversibly or irreversibly to the enzyme. 5. These various mechanisms are exemplified and discussed in terms of selectivity and reversibility.
Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis pathways and limited neurodegeneration in a knock-in Sod1 mutant mouse model of ALS (2023)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating disease involving the progressive loss of motor neurons and motor function for which there is currently no cure. Understanding biological mechanisms leading to motor neuron death is critical for developing new treatments. Using a new knock-in mutant mouse model carrying a <i>Sod1</i> mutation that causes ALS in patients, and in the mouse, causes a limited neurodegenerative phenotype similar to <i>Sod1</i> loss-of-function, we show that cholesterol synthesis pathway genes are up-regulated in mutant motor neurons, whereas the same genes are down-regulated in transgenic <i>SOD1</i> mice with a severe phenotype. Our data implicate dysregulation of cholesterol or other related lipid genes in ALS pathogenesis and provide new insights that could contribute to strategies for disease intervention.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination Using Ferrocenyl Pyrazole Ligands:  Steric Control of η3-Allyl Configuration and Site-Selective Nucleophilic Attack (1996)

The reaction of 1,3-diphenylallylethyl carbonate (1) with benzylamine to afford the secondary amine 2 is effectively catalyzed by Pd-complexes containing chiral ferrocenyl pyrazole ligands. The highest enantioselectivity (99% ee) was obtained using ligand 3a, 1-{(S)-1-[(R)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyl}-3-(1-adamantyl)-1H-pyrazole. Four different cationic Pd-allyl intermediates, 4a, 4c, 4j, and 4k (containing ligands 3a, 3c, 3j, and 3k, respectively), formed during the catalytic reaction were studied in solution by 2D-NMR spectroscopy, with the aim of clarifying configurational aspects. Depending on the size and shape of the substituent in position 3 of the pyrazole ring, it was found that the major diastereoisomeric form of these complexes either adopts an exo-syn-syn (ligands 3a and 3c, 1-{(S)-1-[(R)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]-ethyl}-3-phenyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole) or an exo-syn-anti configuration (ligands 3j, 1-{(S)-1-[(R)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyl}-3-(9-anthryl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 3k, 1-{(S)-1-[(R)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyl}-3-(9-triptycyl)-1H-pyrazole). This analysis allows the site of nucleophilic attack on the allyl ligand to be established unequivocally, i.e., the carbon atom trans to phosphorus. The reasons responsible for this pronounced site-selectivity are discussed. The Pd-allyl complexes [Pd(η3-PhCHCHCHPh)(3c)]PF6, 4c, and [Pd(η3-PhCHCHCHPh)(3k)]PF6, 4k, were characterized by X-ray diffraction. 4c crystallizes with 1 equiv of Et2O in the orthorhombic space group P212121: a = 13.026(2) Å, b = 14.784(2) Å, c = 25.124(5) Å, Z = 4. Crystals of 4k contain 3 equiv of hexane and 1 equiv of acetone and H2O in the unit cell belonging to the trigonal system, space group P3221: a = 24.07(3) Å, c = 22.48(3) Å, Z = 6.
Analysis and experimental evaluation of single-switch fast-response switching regulators with unity power factor (1997)

Based on a single-stage isolated power-factor-corrected power supply (SSIPP or S/sup 2/IP/sup 2/) employing a boost power-factor-correction (PFC) cell, the relationship between the input line voltage and line current of such switching regulators is studied. The conditions for unity power factor are derived. A control scheme to reduce the switch voltage stress while maintaining unity power factor is proposed. Practical implementation of the proposed control scheme is discussed. It is found that, by adding a simple input voltage feedforward to a conventional PWM controller, the switch voltage stress can be much reduced, while keeping the power factor very close to unity. Analysis and experimental results indicate that such a scheme is effective and feasible.
Characteristics of Open-globe Eye Injuries with Respect to Zone of Injury (2014)

Aims: To describe the demographics, characteristics and outcomes of open -globe injuries (OGI) with respect to zone of injury. Methods: Medical records of all patients presenting with OGIs to University Hospita l, Newark, NJ between January 2001 and December 2008 with a follow-up of at least 3 months were reviewed. Demographics, characteristics of the trauma and outcomes were compared with respect to the zone of injury; location of injury is confined to the corn ea and limbus in zone 1 (Z1), 5mm posterior to the limbus in zone 3 (Z3). Results:Of the 309 patients (310 eyes) identified, 228 (74%) were male. The mean age at presentationwas 35.3years (1-96). Meanfollow-up was 22.8 months (3-108 months). Most of the eyes presented with Z1 injury: 141 eyes (46%) Z1 injury, 83 (27%)Z2 and 86 (28%) Z3. Rupture was the most common type of injury in Z2 and Z3 injuries. Nineteen (86%) of 22 eyes with an intraocular fore ign body(IOFB) had a Z1 injury. 32 (42%) of 77 eyes with Z3 injury had no light perception (NLP) at presentation, compared with 9 (8%) of 119 Z1 and 13 (17%) of 78 Z2 -injured eyes. Four percent of Z1, 11% of Z2 and 18% of Z3-injured eyes had a final visi
Experimental study of toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) stability at high q(0) (1995)

Experiments to destabilize the toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) by energetic alpha particles were performed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor using deuterium and tritium fuel. To decrease the alpha particle pressure instability threshold, discharges with an elevated value of q(0)>1.5 were used. By raising q(0), the radial location of the low toroidal mode number TAE gaps moves towards the magnetic axis and into alignment with the region of maximum alpha pressure gradient, thereby (in theory) lowering the value of the central alpha particle beta alpha required for instability. No TAE activity was observed when beta alpha (0) reached 0.08% in a discharge with fusion power of 2.4 MW. Calculations predict that the alpha driven TAE was weakly unstable
Stiffness Characteristics and Their Design Method of Symmetric Laminates. (1994)

Symmetric laminates exhibit extension-shear or bending-twisting coupling. In a stiffness design of laminates, it is important to make use of coupling terms. The present paper clarifies stiffness characteristics of symmetric laminates using the lamination parameters. The feasible regions of the lamination parameters are examined for several conventional symmetric laminates and stiffness characteristics are represented on the lamination parameter plane. The feasibility and limitation of a stiffness design are discussed for conventional laminates. Based on the fundamental relation of the lamination parameters, a method is developed for determining laminate configurations corresponding to the in-plane or out-of-plane lamination parameters. A genetic algorithm is also applied to the determination of laminate configurations in a stiffness design of laminates.
Siar Web-gis in Regione Piemonte: a Public Administration Tool About Seveso Installations (2007)

Administration tool about Seveso installations Orso Giacone M., Ponte E. , Giannino G.M. , Navarretta A. , Basso B. , Zappia M. 4 Regione Piemonte – Via Principe Amedeo 17 – 10123 Turin – Italy CSI Piemonte – Corso Unione Sovietica 216 – 10134 Turin – Italy Arpa Piemonte – Via Principessa Clotilde 1 – 10144 Turin – Italy Ministero dell’Interno – Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco – Via S. Barbara – 13051 Biella – Italy
Modification of dendritic cells with interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 gene to enhance vaccine potency (2009)

The results obtained provide the groundwork for a future clinical translation of the chemokine-based genetic modification of DCs to increase their vaccine potency.
Correlation of Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Morphologic Findings in Alzheimer's Disease (1988)

Senile plaques (SPs), especially, and neurofibrillary tangles are important pathologic markers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but neither is pathognomonic for AD. We hypothesize that elevations in levels of phosphomonoesters, precursors of membrane phospholipids, occur early in the pathogenesis of AD and precede the appearance of SPs. In contrast, elevations in levels of phosphodiesters, breakdown products of phospholipids, reflect degeneration of neural membranes and will correlate with the appearance of SPs. Correlative phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and morphologic studies conducted to test this hypothesis disclosed that elevations in levels of phosphomonoesters had a negative correlation with the numbers of SPs, and elevations in levels of phosphodiesters had a positive correlation with the numbers of SPs. No correlations were observed for either membrane parameter and neurofibrillary tangles. These findings support our hypothesis and suggest that aberrations in the synthesis of membrane phospholipids are early metabolic events in the pathogenesis of AD.
Grating interferometers for producing large holographic gratings (1990)

Methods for producing large holographic diffraction gratings are described. In particular, the advantages of using a grating interferometer illuminated with a noncollimated beam from either an extended monochromatic source or an extended polychromatic source are described along with some of the problems that arise and methods to solve them. Experimental results illustrating the grating interferometer's ability to produce straight uniform fringes when illuminated with such noncollimated wavefronts are given.
Test structures based VLSIC yield ramp maximization (2005)

This paper addresses a new approach to yield learning of lead products in the most advanced technologies. We start by presenting the classification and evolution of yield loss mechanisms in the most recent and upcoming technology generations. Then we show a spectrum of yield loss characterization methods, from in-line to E-test to product test analysis. The main part of the paper is devoted to the presentation of specially designed test structures for the diagnosis of the dominant yield loss components such as random defects, and systematic and parametric effects.
Effects of Thermochemical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Dental Applications (2000)

Various thermochemical treatments were applied to cast Ti-6Al-7Nb in order to improve both its strength and elongation to meet the requirements for strength and elongation values in dental applications. The tensile properties of cast Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with various thermochemical processings were investigated with relating to microstructures comparing with the case of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Grain diameter of α phases in A treatment where hydrogenation at 1023 K for 3.6 ks followed by air cooling and solutionizing at 1103 K for 3.6 ks followed by water quenching is carried out, and then dehydrogenation at 973 K for 54 ks followed by furnace cooling is carried out, B treatment where solutionizing at 1113 K for 3.6 ks followed by air cooling is carried out after A treatment, and E treatment where hydrogenation followed by aging treatment at 863 K for 7.2 ks after solution treatment is carried out, and then dehydrogenation is carried out are less than 3 μm in both cast alloys. Tensile strength of every thermochemical processed both cast alloys is greater than that in both as received cast alloys. Plastic deformability of β phases in both cast alloys conducted with B treatment, and C treatment where solutionizing at 1198 K for 3.6 ks followed by water quenching is carried out after A treatment is improved according to their β phase stability and volume fraction changed by heat treatments after A treatment. Cast Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy conducted with B and C treatments, and D treatment where heat treatment for spheroidization of α phase is carried out after A treatment and cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy conducted with B and C treatments show good balance between strength and ductility.
P29.13: A simple method for calculation of the fetal femur volume in 3D ultrasound (2012)

Fetal femur volume (FV) measurement using multiplanar tracing is subject to considerable interobserver bias. Our objectives were to describe a simple mathematical model for FV calculation in 3D ultrasound; to establish its repeatability; and to validate it using postmortem computed tomography (CT). A method for FV was described, which consists of three linear measurements—femur length (FL), proximal metaphyseal diameter (PMD) and mid-shaft diameter (MSD)—and a volume equation. Intraobserver and interobserver repeatability were assessed for this mathematical model and for multiplanar tracing, using within-subject coefficients of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Validity was tested by comparing the ultrasound measurement against the true volume obtained from computed tomography (CT), in six fetuses following termination of pregnancy. Time taken for measurement was compared between the two methods. Intraobserver agreement for the mathematical model (CV 10.5%, ICC 0.977) was better than multiplanar tracing (CV 13.2%, ICC 0.952). Interobserver agreement was substantially better for the proposed model (CV 16.8%, ICC 0.923) compared to multiplanar tracing (CV 34.4%, ICC 0.703). FV measured using the proposed ultrasound model was not significantly different when compared to CT (mean difference − 0.01 ml, P = 0.739). The median time to measure a femur using the mathematical model was 1.3 min vs. 4.0 min for tracing (P < 0.001). We describe a simple method for FV calculation, which is suitable for clinical use. Compared with the existing tracing technique it is simpler, faster and associated with lower systematic interobserver error. It is accurate when compared to CT.
Oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle using single-distance, multi-distance and dual-slope data from frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (2021)

The use of phase (&Phi;) data collected in Frequency-Domain Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) has not been widespread in measurements of skeletal muscle and has mainly been applied to measure absolute optical properties. We show that single-distance (SD) &Phi; has a deeper sensitivity compared to SD intensity (I) and can be more sensitive to oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle underneath superficial adipose tissue. We also show the potential benefit of single-slope (SS) or dual-slope (DS) I or &Phi; in muscle studies.
Admissions to a large tertiary care hospital and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity: primary, contributing, or incidental COVID-19 (2022)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 seem to show reduced clinical severity. We classified 172 COVID-19 Omicron patient admissions. 66.2% of patients were admitted with primary or admission-contributing COVID-19. We therefore must be careful to base healthcare and public health decisions on the total number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients alone.
TRUMP: Efficient and Flexible Realization of Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Networks (2015)

In order to cope with the increasing complexity of wireless networks, dynamic spectrum access, and varying application needs, fast and flexible reconfiguration of protocol stack is desired. Since Medium Access Control (MAC) layer plays a pivotal role in providing efficient spectrum sharing and utilization, rapid on-the-fly reconfigurability of MAC protocols is highly important. We have designed and implemented TRUMP: a Toolchain for RUntiMe Protocol realization. Based on the component-oriented design approach, TRUMP allows runtime realization, reconfiguration, and optimization of MAC layer according to the varying application requirements, spectral environmental, and network conditions. TRUMP, with a platform-independent MAC meta-language, also enables rapid MAC prototyping. In this article, we carry out a detailed performance evaluation of MAC schemes realized through TRUMP on WARP SDR platform. Our results indicate that TRUMP allows reconfiguration of MAC schemes in the order of a few microseconds, thus meeting the strict timeliness requirements of MAC processing. We also present application examples to highlight capabilities of TRUMP.
Collision monitoring and optimal collision avoidance manoeuvre for formation flying satellites (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the safety of formation flying satellites, and propose a method for practical collision monitoring and collision avoidance manoeuvre. Design/methodology/approach A general formation description method based on relative orbital elements is proposed, and a collision probability calculation model is established. The formula for the minimum relative distance in the crosstrack plane is derived, and the influence of J2 perturbation on formation safety is analyzed. Subsequently, the optimal collision avoidance manoeuvre problem is solved using the framework of linear programming algorithms. Findings The relative orbital elements are illustrative of formation description and are easy to use for perturbation analysis. The relative initial phase angle between the in‐plane and cross‐track plane motions has considerable effect on the formation safety. Simulations confirm the flexibility and effectiveness of the linear programming‐based collision avoidance manoeuvre method. Practical implications The proposed collision probability method can be applied in collision monitoring for the proximity operations of spacecraft. The presented minimum distance calculation formula in the cross‐track plane can be used in safe configuration design. Additionally, the linear programming method is suitable for formation control, in which the initial and terminal states are provided. Originality/value The relative orbital elements are used to calculate collision probability and analyze formation safety. The linear programming algorithms are extended for collision avoidance, an approach that is simple, effective, and more suitable for on‐board implementation.
Measurement and Modeling of Phase Equilibria in Systems Containing Water, Xylose, Furfural, and Acetic Acid (2021)

Wood hydrolysates obtained in biotechnological processes are typically aqueous solutions that contain, among others, sugars, acetic acid, and furfural. Only little is known on the influence of the sugars on the phase equilibria in those mixtures. Therefore liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE), solid-liquid equilibria (SLE), and solid-liquid-liquid equilibria (SLLE) in the system (water(W) + xylose (X) + furfural (F)) were studied in the present work at 298.15 K and 333.15 K. Additionally, the LLE in the system (W + X + F + acetic acid (AA)) was studied at 298.15 K. The results show that, up to the solubility limit of xylose, adding xylose to mixtures of (W +F) hardly influences the width of the miscibility gap, and that there is practically no xylose in the furfural-rich phase. However, the miscibility gap in the ternary system (W + F + AA) is slightly widened by the addition of xylose. The experimental data on the phase equilibria from the present work were described using the NRTL model. The model describes the experimental data well.
Unusual Contribution of 2-Aminoadenine to the Thermostability of DNA (1996)

The poly(dA-dU) and poly(dI-dC) duplexes have very similar thermostabilities (Tm). This similarity extends also to the pyrimidine 5-methyl group-containing poly(dA-dT) and poly(dI-m5dC). The differences between chemical structures of the A:U and I:C or the A:T and I:m5C base-pairs seem to be unimportant for the thermostability of the DNA. However, on the insertion of an amino group into position 2 of the purines the similarities disappear. Thermostabilities of poly(n2dA-dU) and poly(dG-dC) as well as the poly(n2dA-dT) and poly(dG-m5dC) are radically different. This is also the case with their other 5-substituted pyrimidine-containing derivatives, the 5-ethyl, 5-n-butyl and 5-bromo analogues. The G:C-based polynucleotides are more stable by an average of 40 degrees C than the n2A.U-based ones. Poly(dA,n2dA-dT)-s containing various proportions of A and n2A as well as the natural DNA of S-2L cyanophage that contains n2A bases instead of A were also studied. It was found that dependence of Tm on the n2A-content was non-linear and that the lower Tm is not the consequence of a particular nucleotide sequence. The possible structural reasons for the lower thermostabilization of these B-DNAs by the n2A:T base-pair as compared to the G:C are discussed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pelosinus sp. Strain UFO1 Assembled Using Single-Molecule Real-Time DNA Sequencing Technology (2014)

Pelosinus species can reduce metals such as Fe(III), U(VI), and Cr(VI) and have been isolated from diverse geographical regions. Five draft genome sequences have been published. We report the complete genome sequence for Pelosinus sp. strain UFO1 using only PacBio DNA sequence data and without manual finishing.
Oestrogen receptor β ligand acts on CD11c+ cells to mediate protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2017)

Oestrogen treatments are neuroprotective in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models. Selective oestrogen receptor modifiers are needed to optimize beneficial effects while minimizing adverse effects to achieve neuroprotection in chronic diseases. Oestrogen receptor beta (ER&beta;) ligands are potential candidates. In the multiple sclerosis model chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, ER&beta;-ligand treatment is neuroprotective, but mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unclear. Specifically, whether there are direct effects of ER&beta;-ligand on CD11c&plus; microglia, myeloid dendritic cells or macrophages in&nbsp;vivo during disease is unknown. Here, we generated mice with ER&beta; deleted from CD11c&plus; cells to show direct effects of ER&beta;-ligand treatment in&nbsp;vivo on these cells to mediate neuroprotection during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Further, we use bone marrow chimeras to show that ER&beta; in peripherally derived myeloid cells, not resident microglia, are the CD11c&plus; cells mediating this protection. CD11c&plus; dendritic cell and macrophages isolated from the central nervous system of wild-type experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice treated with ER&beta;-ligand expressed less iNOS and T-bet, but more IL-10, and this treatment effect was lost in mice with specific deletion of ER&beta; in CD11c&plus; cells. Also, we extend previous reports of ER&beta;-ligand&rsquo;s ability to enhance remyelination through a direct effect on oligodendrocytes by showing that the immunomodulatory effect of ER&beta;-ligand acting on CD11c&plus; cells is necessary to permit the maturation of oligodendrocytes. Together these results demonstrate that targeting ER&beta; signalling pathways in CD11c&plus; myeloid cells is a novel strategy for regulation of the innate immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing how direct effects of a candidate neuroprotective treatment on two distinct cell lineages (bone marrow derived myeloid cells and oligodendrocytes) can have complementary neuroprotective effects in&nbsp;vivo.awx315media15688130498001.