gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomics of industrial Aspergilli and comparison with toxigenic relatives (2008)

Aspergillus oryzae has been used in Japanese fermentation industries for more than a thousand years. The species produces large amounts of various hydrolytic enzymes and has been successfully applied to modern biotechnology. The size of the A. oryzae genome (37.5 Mb) is very close to that of A. flavus and A. niger, and 20-30% larger than that of either A. nidulans or A. fumigatus. A. oryzae and A. flavus have exactly the same number of aspartic proteinase genes, of which each orthologous pair shares highly conserved amino acid sequences. Synteny analysis with A. fumigatus and A. nidulans showed that the A. oryzae genome has a mosaic structure consisting of syntenic and non-syntenic blocks. In the microorganisms to be compared, the density of the genes having homologs was obviously higher on the syntenic than on the non-syntenic blocks. Expression analysis by the DNA microarray supported the significantly lower expression of genes on the non-syntenic than on the syntenic blocks.
Electrical Characterization of Individual Boron Nitride Nanowall Structures (2022)

In this work, the individual hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microtubular structures with different diameter (ranging from ≈0.2 to ≈2.5 μm) and a wall thickness below 25 nm were investigated for the first time by integration on SiO2/Si substrate using a method based on focused ion beam deposition (FIB/SEM). The current-voltage (I-V) measurements were carried out in from a bias of −40 V to +40 V and in a temperature range from 25 to 100 ℃. All fabricated devices showed excellent insulating properties and the resistance of ≈111 GΩ was calculated, which was attributed mainly to the top SiO2 layer of the substrate measured without h-BN. The obtained results elucidate the excellent potential of the boron nitride microtubular structures with nanowalls to be used as high-quality shielding materials of other nano- and microstructures for application in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and power electronics, where a relatively wide range of operating temperature is necessary.
[The role of p38 on the differentiation of MSCs to myoblasts]. (2004)

MSCs can express myogenic regulator factors and orientation differentiate to myoblasts after induced by 5-Aza-CR, p38 really have a positive signal transduction affection in this course.
Joint optimization of model and excitation in parametric speech coders (2002)

This paper presents a new Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) technique for joint optimization of the excitation and model parameters based on minimizing the closed loop synthesis error instead of the linear prediction error. By minimizing the synthesis error, the analysis and synthesis stages become more compatible. Using a gradient search in the root domain, model parameters for a given excitation are optimized to minimize the error between the original and the synthesized speech. Since the optimization starts from the LPC solution, the synthesis error is guaranteed to be lower than that obtained using the LPC coefficients. For multipulse LPC, there is a 0.5–1 dB improvement in the segmental SNR for male and female speakers over 4 to 6 second long sentences. Listening tests and objective MOS scores confirm the improved speech quality. By adding an extra optimization step, the technique can be incorporated into the LPC, multi-pulse LPC and CELP-type speech coders.
Laser scanning confocal microscopy and luminescent polymer: improving structural characterization of cellulose fibers (2011)

A new method for characterization of the lignocellulosic fibers after biodegradation has been developed using a combination of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and soluble, highly fluorescent polymer. It was possible to perform the mapping of the enzymatic action and PTHT incorporation on the fiber wall.
Thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency induces Alzheimer’s pathology (2020)

Abstract Background Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) reduction plays an important role in cerebral glucose hypometabolism, the neurodegenerative indicator, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanism underlying TDP reduction remains elusive. Thus, it is critical to define the mechanism and its effect on neurodegeneration, the pathological basis of the disease occurrence and progression. Methods The mRNA levels of all known genes associated with thiamine metabolism, including thiamine pyrophosphokinase ( TPK ), Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2) , SLC19A3 , and SLC25A19 , in brain samples of patients with AD and other neurodegenerative disorders in multiple independent datasets were analyzed. TPK protein levels were further examined in the brain tissues of AD patients and control subjects. A mouse model with conditional knockout (cKO) of TPK gene in the excitatory neurons of adult brain was established. Results The brain TPK mRNA level was markedly lower in AD patients, but not in other neurodegenerative disorders. The brain TPK protein level was also significantly decreased in AD patients. TPK gene knockout in the mice caused cerebral glucose hypometabolism, β-amyloid deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Cross-species correlation analysis revealed the similar changes of gene profiling between the cKO mice and AD patients. Conclusions The deficiency of brain TPK, a key enzyme for TDP synthesis, is specific to AD. The cKO mice show AD-associated phenotypes and could serve as a new mouse model for AD studies. Our study provides a novel insight into the critical role of TPK in AD pathogenesis and its potential for the disease treatment.
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Electron Diffraction (MicroED) Datasets - Glacios TEM with a CETA-D (2021)

Electron diffraction datasets collected from nanometer sized crystals of paracetamol (acetaminophen, isolated from Tylenol® using hot acetone and filtration) applied to an electron microscopy grid covered in a pure carbon film. Data were collected using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Glacios Transmission Electron Microscope operated at 200 kV and -193 C using the software package Leginon (Cheng, et. al. 2021). The beam diameter is ~600 nm and the total dose is ~3.2e-/A^2. The crystals were continuously rotated and diffraction data was collected with a CETA-D camera in rolling shutter mode. Data have been converted to SMV format with the addition of an offset value to remove negative pixel values. This offset value can be found in the image headers, along with a suggested pedestal value. An image of the crystal before centering on the small green dot is also included. Data from four crystals are provided along with data reduction results. If processing in DIALS, you will first want to install the proper format class: dxtbx.install_format -u https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dials/dxtbx_ED_formats/master/FormatSMVCetaD_TUI.py
The desaturation response time of finger pulse oximeters during mild hypothermia* (2004)

Pulse oximeters may delay displaying the correct oxygen saturation during the onset of hypoxia. We investigated the desaturation response times of pulse oximeter sensors (forehead, ear and finger) during vasoconstriction due to mild hypothermia and vasodilation caused by glyceryl trinitrate. Ten healthy male volunteers were given three hypoxic challenges of 3 min duration under differing experimental conditions. Mild hypothermia increased the mean response time of finger oximeters from 130 to 215 s. Glyceryl trinitrate partly offset this effect by reducing the response time from 215 to 187 s. In contrast, the response times of the forehead and ear oximeters were unaffected by mild hypothermia, but the difference between head and finger oximeters was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that the head oximeters provide a better monitoring site for pulse oximeters during mild hypothermia.
동양사상의 시스템 사고를 통한 상생 리더십의 현대적 사례 연구: 2011년 서울 시장 보궐 선거,안철수와 박원순을 중심으로 (2012)

This study focus on oriental way for Win-win leadership of modern time using systems thinking approach. We constructed concept, ``Modesty Leadership`` from oriental bible- Tao Te Ching, Change Ching, the Analects of Confucius. This work described in the paper based on case collected from 2011 Seoul city mayor election in the Korea. There are three initial aims : to confirm what feedback loop affected approval rating, to determine how these feedback interacted and to establish the significance of cognitive mapping. The use of system thinking to model cognitive mapping of political election untraditional approach in study of oriental bible. This approach is valuable in that it can be to understand management strategies and their effect on decision making.
An Attempt to Convert Glycine Residues to Threonine Residues in Polyglycine (1963)

Abstract When polyglycine was reacted with acetaldehyde in liquid ammonia in the presence of metallic sodium, it was observed that 7∼9% of the threonine residues were formed from glycine residues. From the hydrolyzate of the modified polyglycine, threonine could be isolated by the aid of the O→N acetyl shift reaction. It was shown that the threonine thus isolated was 35.6% allothreonine.
CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF NITRIC OXIDE IN THE LIVER: NO INHIBITS HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS (1997)

Timothy R. Billiar, M.D.; A1010 Presbyterian Univ. Hospital; 200 Lothrop Street; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
Influence of Sebum and Stratum Corneum Hydration on Pesticide/Herbicide Collection Efficiencies of the Human Hand (2001)

The adhesion of house dust particles and chemical residues to the hands after contact with a variety of surfaces can yield significant exposures to children. Chemicals present on the surface or absorbed into house dust particles may adhere to the hands and subsequently are available for ingestion or absorption through the skin under normal physiological conditions. Contact of a hand with a surface occurs primarily through a thin layer of sebum and sweat on the skin surface. The study presented here examined the effect of the composition of the sebum and sweat layer on the adhesion of a mixture of pesticides and a herbicide to a hand after contact with a house-dust-laden surface. Collection efficiencies on the hand for atrazine and malathion were correlated with sebum levels on the palm of an individual hand. The increase in sebum values measured in this study caused a 13 percent and 8 percent reduction in collection efficiency, respectively, for atrazine and malathion applied to house-dust-laden surfaces. Diazinon and chlorpyrifos collection efficiencies were correlated with skin hydration levels measured on the palm of the individual's hand. The increased skin hydration measured in this study caused a 7 percent and 5 percent reduction in collection efficiency, respectively, for diazinon and chlorpyrifos.
On the Inductive Bias of Dropout (2014)

Dropout is a simple but effective technique for learning in neural networks and other settings. A sound theoretical understanding of dropout is needed to determine when dropout should be applied and how to use it most effectively. In this paper we continue the exploration of dropout as a regularizer pioneered by Wager, et.al. We focus on linear classification where a convex proxy to the misclassification loss (i.e. the logistic loss used in logistic regression) is minimized. We show: (a) when the dropout-regularized criterion has a unique minimizer, (b) when the dropout-regularization penalty goes to infinity with the weights, and when it remains bounded, (c) that the dropout regularization can be non-monotonic as individual weights increase from 0, and (d) that the dropout regularization penalty may not be convex. This last point is particularly surprising because the combination of dropout regularization with any convex loss proxy is always a convex function. In order to contrast dropout regularization with $L_2$ regularization, we formalize the notion of when different sources are more compatible with different regularizers. We then exhibit distributions that are provably more compatible with dropout regularization than $L_2$ regularization, and vice versa. These sources provide additional insight into how the inductive biases of dropout and $L_2$ regularization differ. We provide some similar results for $L_1$ regularization.
B31.1 Compliant Design of CFRP Buried Piping Systems (2015)

This paper presents the implementation of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite system as a long term replacement for a non-safety, non-seismic, non-QA, low pressure service water buried pipeline. The existing pipeline (to be replaced) consists of approximately 1800 feet of large diameter (primarily 54in.), carbon steel, spiral wound, seam welded pipe, which was built and installed using AWWA standards, but is maintained in accordance with the B31.1 Power Pipe Code [1]. The CFRP pipe installation is to be done as an internal repair, and designed to comply with ASME B31.1 as a stand-alone pipe (pressure boundary). In lieu of using the limited evaluation of PCC-2 [2], which is focused on local repairs; a complete design evaluation of the entire piping system to B31.1-2010 is conducted, which is consistent with and acceptable under PCC-2. Since B31.1 does not provide detailed guidance on the design of buried piping systems, the criteria presented in this paper use the base design requirements of B31.1 adjusted to include applied soil and surcharge loads. The selected CFRP repair is the TYFO® Fiberwrap® system which consists of a carbon fiber fabric (CFRP, TYFO SCH-41-2X), and glass fiber fabric (GFRP/dielectric barrier, TYFO SHE-51A), saturated with epoxy. This composite system is built up of unidirectional CFRP layers; thus, the presented design approach also considers anisotropic material behavior, and evaluates the hoop and axial loads and capacities separately. The criteria are presented for plants considering alternative repair and replacement techniques for buried and above ground non-safety pipes.
Rate of Dimer Formation in Stable Colloidal Solutions Quantified Using an Attractive Interparticle Force (2019)

We describe an optomagnetic cluster experiment to understand and control the interactions between particles over a wide range of time scales. Aggregation is studied by magnetically attracting particles into dimers and by quantifying the number of dimers that become chemically bound within a certain time interval. An optomagnetic readout based on light scattering of rotating clusters is used to measure dimer formation rates. Magnetic field settings, that is, field rotation frequency, field amplitude, and on- and off-times, have been optimized to independently measure both the magnetically induced dimers and chemically bound dimers. The chemical aggregation rate is quantified in solutions with different pH and ionic strengths. The measured rates are extrapolated to effective dimer formation rates in the absence of force, showing that aggregation rates can be quantified over several orders of magnitude, including conditions of very low chemical reactivity.
Spiral holographic imaging through quantum interference (2017)

Spiral holographic imaging in the Hong-Ou–Mandel interference scheme is introduced. Using spontaneous parametric down-conversion as a source of photon pairs, we analyze the joint orbital angular momentum spectrum of a reference photon and the photon encoding information of the object. The first-order interference of light beams in standard holographic imaging is replaced by the quantum interference of two-photon probability amplitudes. The difficulty in retrieving the amplitude and phase structure of an unknown photon is thereby avoided as classical interferometric techniques such as optical holography do not apply. Our results show that the full information of the object's transmission function can be recorded in the spiral hologram, which originates directly from the joint orbital angular momentum spectrum. This presents a lateral demonstration of compressive imaging and can potentially be used for remote sensing.
Cystic fibrosis (2007)

Over 7000 people have cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom. It is the commonest genetically inherited disease in white populations (1 in 2500 newborns), although it is increasingly recognised as being important in non-white populations. However, most general practitioners have only one or two patients on their list, and as management generally takes place in specialist centres, many general paediatricians will be involved in the care of only a small number of patients.
Sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermented spontaneously using mineral salt, garlic and algae (2008)

The use of mineral salt in natural fermentation of white cabbage into sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice, in order to evaluate whether the amount of NaCl could be lowered, was studied. Mineral salt differs from ordinary salt because NaCl is partially replaced by KCl. In the fermentations mineral salt was used in various amounts (0.81.5%) and in combination with garlic and algae. The final NaCl concentrations in these fermentation trials were 0.50.9%. Fermentations were also carried out with cabbage sliced to different degrees. The sauerkraut juice fermented by using 0.8% mineral salt (0.5% NaCl) was found to have the best sensory quality. The yield of sauerkraut juice increased as the coarseness of the cabbage mix decreased.;
Supplementary Data 3 from Human Breast Tumor Cells Induce Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to Avoid NKG2D-Mediated and DNAM-Mediated NK Cell Recognition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 47K, Breast cancer cell lines known features (Perou and Sorlie cell lines classification, ERBB2 status, estrogen and progesterone expression, Phenotype of the stem cell population, HLA-C genotype and allotype).&lt;/p&gt;
An improved GO methodology for system reliability analysis (2013)

GO Methodology is an exact method for system reliability calculation, but its existing quantification algorithms are all somewhat complicated for complex system. A new quantification algorithm based on matrix operation is introduced, which uses matrix to express the state probability of signal flow and operator, and obtains joint probability through probability matrix multiplication. State value of output signal can be got after simple classification in terms of operational rules of each operator. Quantitative formula of some operators is derived, and the analysis results of a power supply system show the new algorithm is effective and accurate.
Globally optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Part II: Non‐minimal networks (2020)

Abstract In Part I of this work, the synthesis of minimal heat exchanger networks using the isothermal mixing stage‐wise superstructure was presented. In this Part II, an extension of the algorithm presented in Part I is made to consider networks that allow multiple solutions regarding heat allocation, that is, they have energy loops where heat loads can be rearranged without changing the overall energy consumption. We extend the strategy of our Part I to use a set of nested loops to enumerate the number of units, the structure of matches, the energy consumption, different values of exchanger minimum approximation temperature (EMAT), and different locations where EMAT is active. All the models used are linear and are aided by capital cost evaluations. As in Part I, we claim global optimality based on our conjectures. Literature examples are solved to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Action of Natural Acylated Anthocyanins. 1. Survey of Natural Pigments with Potent Inhibitory Activity (2001)

alpha-Glucosidase (AGH) inhibitory study by natural anthocyanin extracts was done. As the result of a free AGH assay system, 12 anthocyanin extracts were found to have a potent AGH inhibitory activity; in particular, Pharbitis nil (SOA) extract showed the strongest maltase inhibitory activity, with an IC(50) value of 0.35 mg/mL, as great as that of Ipomoea batatas (YGM) extract (IC(50) = 0.36 mg/mL). Interestingly, neither extract inhibited the sucrase activity at all. For the immobilized assay system, which may reflect the pharmacokinetics of AGH at the small intestine, SOA and YGM extracts gave more potent maltase inhibitory activities than those of the free AGH assay, with IC(50) values of 0.17 and 0.26 mg/mL, respectively. Both extracts also inhibited alpha-amylase action, indicating that anthocyanins would have a potential function to suppress the increase in postprandial glucose level from starch.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Series of Cytotoxic Bisindole Alkaloids (III). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
El retablo de Isenheim: religión, arte y medicina (2018)

Northern Europe at the beginning of the 16th Century was in turmoil as a result of religious and political dissention, epidemics of plague, syphilis, ergotism, and famine, and the threat of the Ottoman Empire. In Alsace, a fulcrum between Germany, France, Switzerland and the Netherlands, Grünewald painted his celebrated and complex altarpiece at Isenheim in a convent chapel of the Antonine religious order that kept a hospital for the care of patients suffering from ergotism, plague, syphilis and other illnesses. The ten paintings of this altarpiece convey a series of religious, medical and political meanings, with the scenes of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection being thought to play an integral part of the curative process. This was because patients could be soothed by comparing their suffering to that of Christ on the cross and could console themselves by the Resurrection. The portrait of Christ in the cross is astounding in its realism and naturalism. It represents, with great pathological veracity, a tortured body in agony, a break with previous traditional representations of this event. Impressive pathological detail is also given to a figure in the Temptation scene. The entire work is suffused with religious connotations provided by the composition, the forms and the richness and sophisticated use of colors. Although Grünewald's paintings are few and the facts of his personal life sparse, it is known he married a Jewish woman, supported the peasant revolts, and was probably a Lutheran in a Catholic area. While Grünewald is considered the epitome of a German artist, the universal projections of his art have influenced physicians and the artistic productions of many painters, writers, musicians and sculptors throughout the world.
A four-step method to design an energy management strategy for hybrid vehicles (2004)

This paper presents an innovative four-step method to analyze and design an optimal energy management strategy for a power split power train hybrid vehicle. A hybrid dynamical system theory is introduced to formulate the problem of hybrid vehicle control system that incorporates both continuous and discrete dynamics. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is proposed to optimize power distribution. The dynamic programming method is employed to solve the problem of the vehicle operating mode transitions. A rule-based system and a fuzzy rule system are developed based on the statistical numerical solutions. A genetic algorithm is applied to the simultaneous optimization of parameters of membership functions, weights of the rules and rule sets for the fuzzy rule system and parameters of the rule-based system. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed design method.