gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite-State Modeling and Testing of Image Based Authentication System (2008)

Secure environments protect their resources against unauthorized access by enforcing access control mechanisms. So when increasing security is an issue text based passwords are not enough to counter such problems. This is where image based authentication (IBA) comes into play. IBA enhances the security level in an exceptionally user friendly way. This paper is a comprehensive study and comparison of proposed Jaypee University of Information Technology-IBA System with the University of Florida-IBA System on the subject of using images as the password set. Furthermore the paper introduces a holistic view of completed finite state automation (CFSA) modeling that can be carried out as a complementary step to system modeling, enabling a precise scalability of the test process, revealing much rationalization potential. Finite-state based notions enable to introduce efficient algorithms to generate Legal Interaction Pairs (IPs), Faulty Interaction Pairs, and Regular Expression (RegEx).
Mathematical Model and Improvement of Students' Comprehensive Quality (2009)

In this paper,we point out the effects of mathematical model in improving students' ability of self-study,applying mathematical knowledge,applying computer soft,creativity and cooperation by virtue of the analysis of content and characteristics of mathematical model and the experiences by themselves.
Studies on pulse-labelled rna during the mitotic cycle of Physarum polycephalum by subnuclear fractionation (1978)

A method is described for the isolation of pulse-labelled RNA from nuclei and subnuclear fractions of Physarum polycephalum. At all times during interphase the nucleolar RNA consisted mainly of a 34-S rRNA precursor with only small amounts of 26-S and 19-S rRNAs. The nucleoplasmic RNA consisted of predominantly mature 26-S rRNA with small amounts of 19-S rRNA and a 30-S RNA species. The 30-S RNA component displayed different labelling kinetics from the rRNA precursors. A low molecular weight RNA fraction (4-8 S) appeared to accumulate in the nucleus as interphase progressed.
A high‐throughput flow control scheme using a relay buffering function (2002)

Abstract At present, window‐type flow control is mostly used in data communications in wide‐area networks. With further progress in wide‐area and high‐speed communication networks, however, an environment has emerged in which super‐high‐speed service of gigabit‐per‐second order is provided with a long transfer distance. Thus, the window size is limited by the hardware size of the prepared receiver buffer, and the effective throughput is limited. This paper considers this problem and proposes a flow control scheme in which the effective throughput is not restricted by the transfer distance. In the proposed method, the WABT scheme, which is a non‐window‐type flow control, is combined with relay buffering in the network. By applying this method, the effective throughput is not affected by the increase in the transfer distance or the effect of transmission delay in transfer stop/restart by the starting or release of the flow control mechanism. A theoretical analysis is presented in order to derive the basic characteristics of the proposed scheme, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 112–120, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1146
Copper migration and surface oxidation of CuxBi2Se3 in ambient pressure environments (2022)

Abstract Chemical modifications such as intercalation can be used to modify surface properties or to further functionalize the surface states of topological insulators (TIs). Using ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we report copper migration in <?CDATA $\mathrm{Cu}_x\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Se}_{3}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , which occurs on a timescale of hours to days after initial surface cleaving. The increase in near-surface copper proceeds along with the oxidation of the sample surface and large changes in the selenium content. These complex changes are further modeled with core-level spectroscopy simulations, which suggest a composition gradient near the surface which develops with oxygen exposure. Our results shed light on a new phenomenon that must be considered for intercalated TIs—and intercalated materials in general—that surface chemical composition can change when specimens are exposed to ambient conditions.
A new densely-sampled Ground Penetrating Radar array for landmine detection (2014)

Clearing large civilian areas from anti-personnel landmines and cluster munitions is a difficult problem. The FP7-funded research project `TIRAMISU: Toolbox Implementation for Removal of Anti-personnel Mines Sub-munitions and UXO' aims to develop a global toolbox that will cover the main mine action activities, from the survey of large areas to the actual disposal of explosive hazards to mine risk education. For close-in detection a number of tools are being developed, including a new densely-sampled down-looking Ground Penetrating Radar array. It is a vehicle-based imaging array of air-launched antennas, endowed with real-time signal processing for the close-in detection (~0.4 m stand-off) of landmines and UXOs buried within ~0.5 m deep soil layer. Automatic target detection capabilities and integration with a partner's metal detector array onto a suitable autonomous vehicle will increase field data productivity and human safety. In particular, a novel antenna design has been studied to allow dense packing and stand-off operation while providing adequate penetration and resolution in almost all kind of terrains. Great effort is also being devoted to the development of effective signal processing algorithms suited for real-time implementation. This paper presents the general system architecture and the first experimental results from laboratory and in-house tests.
Defective CD8 T Cell Responses in Aged Mice Are Due to Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Virus-Specific Precursors (2012)

Aging is associated with suboptimal CD8 T cell responses to viral infections. It is not clear whether these poor responses are due to environmental influences or quantitative and qualitative changes in the pool of responding CD8 T cells. Our studies demonstrated several deleterious age-related changes in the pool of Ag-specific CD8 T cells that respond to infection. The majority of CD8 T cells from uninfected aged mice was CD44(Hi) and had increased expression of inhibitory receptors including PD1, LAG3, 2B4, and CD160. These aged CD44(Hi) CD8 T cells were transcriptionally similar to exhausted CD8 T cells found during chronic infections. In addition, the number of virus-specific precursors in aged mice prior to infection was decreased up to 10-fold, and many of these Ag-specific precursors had high expression of CD44 and PD1. Finally, TCR transgenic studies demonstrated that the CD44(Hi) Ag-specific CD8 T cells from unimmunized aged and young mice were qualitatively inferior compared with CD44(Lo) CD8 T cells from aged or young donors. Thus, a decrease in precursor frequency as well as qualitative changes of CD8 T cells during aging are directly related to impaired immunity.
High-Speed and Precise Gap Servo System for Near-Field Optical Recording (2011)

A data transfer rate higher than 300 Mbps and large-capacity optical recording media are needed for recording Super Hi-Vision signals in next-generation broadcasting. A near-field optical recording (NFR) system using the solid immersion lens (SIL) 1) is expected for next-generation optical recording media. The NFR system has four times higher recording density than the blu-lay disk system and realized large capacity2), 3). However, the data transfer rate cannot not reach that of the blu-lay disk system because the gap length (GL) between the optical head and the disk must be below 100 nm (λ/4, λ: laser wave length), which enables evanescent coupling. It is difficult to keep a short GL and to perform the gap servo for the rotational disk that has large axial run-out disturbance at high speed. Precise gap servo technology must be developed to achieve the high-data-transfer-rate recording. Some papers have reported precise gap servo control on the high density media with a track pitch of 0.16 µm at 3600 rpm4), 5), and reported the feasibility for high-speed gap servo at 5000 rpm by using a flexible disk6). A repetitive control method is applied to these gap servos. We have proposed a high-speed ZPET-FF control method7) that is more precise and faster than the repetitive control. Another paper also reported a compensating method for tracking error components8). This paper proposes a new high-speed and precise gap servo control system based on our proposed FF control method that can suppress the disturbance fitted for the behavior of axial run-out of the rotational disk. The proposed method can perform the precise gap servo on the NFR system using the 100 GB optical disk at 11000 rpm.
The flavonoid quercetin induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and inhibits cell proliferation by depleting intracellular iron (2006)

Quercetin, a flavonoid with anti-oxidant, metal chelating, kinase modulating and anti-proliferative properties, can induce hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in normoxia, but its mechanism of action has not been determined. In this study we characterized the induction of HIF-1alpha and the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by quercetin in HeLa and ASM (airway smooth muscle) cells and examined the effect of iron on these processes. Furthermore, we investigated the relevance of the intracellular levels of quercetin to HIF-1alpha expression and cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate that quercetin depletes intracellular calcein-chelatable iron and that supplying additional iron from extracellular or intracellular pools abrogates the induction of HIF-1alpha by quercetin. Moreover, addition of iron reverses the quercetin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and cycle progression, but to different extents, depending on cell type. We propose that quercetin stabilises HIF-1alpha and inhibits cell proliferation predominantly by decreasing the concentration of intracellular iron through chelation.
Core–shell zeolite@aqueous miscible organic-layered double hydroxides (2015)

We report a general method for the synthesis of core-shell hybrid materials containing a microporous zeolite core with an aqueous miscible organic-layered double hydroxide (AMO-LDH) shell using a simple <i>in situ</i> coprecipitation method. For example, zeolite-HY@AMO-Mg<sub>2</sub>Al-CO<sub>3</sub>-LDH contains a 150 nm hierarchical AMO-Mg<sub>2</sub>Al-CO<sub>3</sub>-LDH surface coating on zeolite-HY. It exhibits a similar BET surface area (698 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) as the parent zeolite-HY but this surface area has been re-allocated between microspores and mesopores. We believe that surface aluminium sites act as nucleation sites for the formation of the LDH coating and so robustly links it into the zeolite lattice. We expect that this new hybrid structure with micropores dominating in the core and mesopores populating the shell will provide a desirable new hybrid structure type for adsorption or catalysis.
A History of the Surgical Management of Glaucoma (2010)

Many new surgeries have been devised since 1856, when von Graefe discovered that iridectomy is an effective surgical method for acute glaucoma treatment. Two years later, De Wecker presented sclerotomy as a procedure for chronic glaucoma. In 1900, internal filtration (cyclodialysis) was developed. In 1932, ciliodestruction was suggested. The four approaches, relief of pupillary block, external filtration, internal filtration, and ciliodestruction, are still the basic techniques of glaucoma surgeries over 100 years later. There have been two basic approaches to lowering eye pressure surgically: increase outflow and decrease inflow of aqueous humor. Although the majority of surgeries used nowadays were introduced in the 1960s, their roots can be traced to the work of surgeons in the 19th century. Trabeculectomy, in use since the mid-1960s, is the most effective glaucoma surgery in terms of intraocular pressure reduction but carries its own limitations. Non-penetrating glaucoma surgeries emerged at the same time trabeculectomy was presented, but they are not used as commonly as trabeculectomy. Molteno introduced the first effective shunt and followed by others. Since 1995, the majority of new surgeries have consisted of new implantable devices including SOLX, iStent, and Ex-PRESS shunt. This article will review the history of glaucoma surgery and describe the fundamentals of different glaucoma procedures.
Harmonic generation of Lamb waves (2002)

Lamb waves are dispersive waves that propagate following a number of distinct modes that depend on the values of the central frequency and frequency band. According to such properties and using the time-reversal process, it is shown that the hyperfocusing effect may be experienced [R. K. Ing and M. Fink, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 45, 1032–1043 (1998)]. Such a focusing effect both relates the time recompression of the dispersive Lamb waves and constructive interference on the focus point of the modes involved. The hyperfocusing effect is interesting because it allows the amplitude of the Lamb waves to reach huge values on the focus point. In our experiments, Lamb waves with normal amplitudes of micrometer values have been achieved on the free surface of a Duralumin plate of 3 mm thickness. By analyzing the Lamb waves in the neighborhood of the focus point using the 2-D Fourier transform technique, a nonlinear process of harmonic generation is then observed—the fundamental frequency component is centered at 1.5 MHz. This nonlinear process is under study and quantified.
Withanis somifera - a Source of Exotic Withanolides (1996)

Withania sornnifera has yielded three new withanolides somnifericin (1).2.3-dkhydrosomnifericin (21, and withaoqlactone (3).Withanolides are steroidal lactones, the first of which, withaferin A, was isolated from the leaves of Withania sornnifera in 1956.Since then a large number of withanolides have been isolated from different species of Withania, Physalis and Datura.Some of these were found to have antitumor.cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.l.2Our studies have revealed that W. sornnifera ramains a rich source of interesting new withanolides with potentially useful biological activities2During our investigations on withanolidal constituents of family Solanaceae, we examined the organic extracts of the plants of genus Withania and isolated several new ~i t h a n o l i d e s .~In this paper we describe the isolation of three compounds (1, 2, and 3) from W. sornnifera, whose structures were determined by using spectroscopic techniques.Compound (1) was isolated from the defatted methanolic extract of the whole plant of W. sornnifera.The high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrum (HREIms) afforded the molecular ion at rn/z 490.2929 establishing the molecular formula as C28H4207 (calcd 490.2930) indicating eight degrees of unsaturation in the molecule.The M+ was further confirmed by positive FAB ms data.The uv spectrum showed absorption at 225 nm indicating the presence of an a,P-unsaturated lactone.3The ir spectrum displayed bands at 3340, 1725, 1700, and 1665 cm-I from which the presence of hydroxylic group.a,P-unsaturated lactone, ketone, and double bond in the molecule could be inferred.
Nonlinear control of robotic systems for environmental waste and restoration (1995)

This text focuses on the robust control of robotic manipulators, with special emphasis on the theoretical and implementational issues for environmental waste and restoration applications. The book has been written from a robot control engineering perspective, and covers issues such as system stability and robustness, high accuracy tracking, and other control measures of dynamic system performance, and on implementation specifics for environmental restoration problems that necessitate robot control solutions, including hazardous waste (eg. nuclear).
Reducing Nitrate Losses from Simulated Grazing on Grassland Lysimeters in Ireland Using a Nitrification Inhibitor (Dicyandiamide) (2012)

Samuel J. Dennis, Keith C. Cameron, Hong J. Di, Jim L. Moir, Vincent Staples, Pat Sills, Karl G. Richards, REDUCING NITRATE LOSSES FROM SIMULATED GRAZING ON GRASSLAND LYSIMETERS IN IRELAND USING A NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR (DICYANDIAMIDE), Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 112B, No. 1 (March 2012), pp. 79-89
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED HEXAHYDROINDAN DERIVATIVES (1985)

Abstract Die lndan‐ carbonsäure (I) wird mit NBS überwiegend zu (IIa) bromiert, das zum Acetat (IIc) substituiert wird.
Automation Aspects for the Georeferencing of Photogrammetric Aerial Image Archives in Forested Scenes (2015)

Photogrammetric aerial film image archives are scanned into digital form in many countries. These data sets offer an interesting source of information for scientists from different disciplines. The objective of this investigation was to contribute to the automation of a generation of 3D environmental model time series when using small-scale airborne image archives, especially in forested scenes. Furthermore, we investigated the usability of dense digital surface models (DSMs) generated using these data sets as well as the uncertainty propagation of the DSMs. A key element in the automation is georeferencing. It is obvious that for images captured years apart, it is essential to find ground reference locations that have changed as little as possible. We studied a 68-year-long aerial image time series in a Finnish Karelian forestland. The quality of candidate ground locations was evaluated by comparing digital DSMs created from the images to an airborne laser scanning (ALS)-originated reference DSM. The quality statistics of DSMs were consistent with the expectations; the estimated median root mean squared error for height varied between 0.3 and 2 m, indicating a photogrammetric modelling error of 0.1‰ with respect to flying height for data sets collected since the 1980s, and 0.2‰ for older data sets. The results show that of the studied land cover classes, “peatland without trees” changed the least over time and is one of the most promising candidates to serve as a location for automatic ground control measurement. Our results also highlight some potential challenges in the process as well as possible solutions. Our results indicate that using modern photogrammetric techniques, it is possible to reconstruct 3D environmental model time series using photogrammetric image archives in a highly automated way.
An effective low-temperature solution synthesis of Co-doped [0001]-oriented ZnO nanorods (2017)

We demonstrate an efficient possibility to synthesize vertically aligned pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and Co-doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) using the low-temperature aqueous chemical synthesis (90 °C). Two different mixing methods of the synthesis solutions were investigated for the Co-doped samples. The synthesized samples were compared to pure ZnO NRs regarding the Co incorporation and crystal quality. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirmed the substitution of Co2+ inside the ZnO NRs, giving a highly anisotropic magnetic Co2+ signal. The substitution of Zn2+ by Co2+ was observed to be combined with a drastic reduction in the core-defect (CD) signal (g ∼ 1.956) which is seen in pure ZnO NRs. As revealed by the cathodoluminescence (CL), the incorporation of Co causes a slight red-shift of the UV peak position combined with an enhancement in the intensity of the defect-related yellow-orange emission compared to pure ZnO NRs. Furthermore, the EPR and the CL measurements allow a possible model of the defect configuration in the samples. It is proposed that the as-synthesized pure ZnO NRs likely contain Zn interstitial (Zni+) as CDs and oxygen vacancy (VO) or oxygen interstitial (Oi) as surface defects. As a result, Co was found to likely occupy the Zni+, leading to the observed CDs reduction and hence enhancing the crystal quality. These results open the possibility of synthesis of highly crystalline quality ZnO NRs-based diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-temperature aqueous chemical method.
Highly Active TiO2N Photocatalysts Prepared by Treating TiO2 Precursors in NH3/Ethanol Fluid under Supercritical Conditions (2006)

N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by pretreating the TiO2 precursor in NH3/ethanol fluid under supercritical conditions, denoted as TiO2N(SC). In contrast to the TiO2N(DC), obtained via direct calcination in which the N dopants were mainly present in the form of surface adsorbed NH3 molecules, most N dopants in the TiO2N(SC) were present in O-Ti-N and N-Ti-N nitrides, as confirmed by either the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and or the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. During liquid-phase oxidative degradation of phenol under irradiation with UV light characteristic of 365 nm, the TiO2N(SC) exhibited much higher activity than either the TiO2N(DC) or the TiO2(SC), i.e., the undoped TiO2 obtained under SCs. According to various characterizations including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, XPS, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, the higher activity of the TiO2N(SC) could be attributed to its higher surface area, larger pore volume, well-crystallized anatase, and stronger absorbance of light with longer wavelength. Meanwhile, the OH species resulted from the nitridation of TiO2 could supply more HO* radicals, which were considered as powerful oxidants during phenol degradation. Furthermore, the electron-deficient nitrogen atoms in O-Ti-N nitrides could also account for the higher activity since it could inhibit the recombination between the photoinduced electrons and holes by capturing the photoinduced electrons. The activity of the TiO2N(SC) first increased and then decreased with the increase of the N-content. The TiO2N(SC)-1 with N/Ti molar ratio of 1.73% exhibited maximum activity, which was even much higher than P-25.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of sIL-2R as an Immune Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancers. (2016)

sIL-2R is a sensitive immune marker for HNC patients. Its levels correlate to disease stage, assess response to therapy and are predictive of recurrence or better survival. We suggest, therefore, using sIL-2R as a reliable prognostic marker in HNC patients as a single marker, or in a combined panel of biomarkers.
Detection of two dangling bond centers with trigonal symmetry at and below a (100) Si/SiO2 interface (2001)

Using electrical detection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EDEPR), two defect centers located at the Si (100)/SiO2 interface and in regions several μm below the silicon surface have been observed at a low temperature. Improvements in the EDEPR measurement technique enabled the experimental detection of the g-factor anisotropy of two centers, labeled Pba and Pbb. Both appear with a [111]-oriented, trigonally symmetric g-tensor with g∥=2.0008/g⊥=2.0098 and g∥=1.9974/g⊥=2.0160, respectively (Δg=±0.0004). The data of the Pba center are very similar to those of the well known Pb0 center occurring on (100) oriented silicon. The location of the center which is significantly below the (100)Si/SiO2 interface is discussed.