gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of residence time on the efficacy of antidandruff shampoos (2003)

Dandruff is known to be controlled by fungistatic shampoos active against Malassezia spp. These products also remove the loosely attached scales. This study was performed to assess the effect of a 5-min residence time on the efficacy of antidandruff shampoos. Two commercially available shampoos were used in two groups of 21 panelists with severe dandruff. They contained either 1% ketoconazole or 1% piroctone olamine. In each group, intraindividual comparisons were made by a split-scalp design between the effect of a 5-min residence time versus no residence time. Both shampoos induced significant reductions in scaliness and yeast colonization. The beneficial effects were obvious immediately after one single shampooing and 3 days later as well. The improvement was greater with a 5-min residence time. The piroctone olamine treatment benefited more than the ketoconazole treatment from the extension of shampoo-exposure time. In conclusion, the benefit of a residence time in treating dandruff is documented. The level of improvement in efficacy may vary according to the nature of the shampoo.
Nonsurgical collection and nonsurgical transfer of preimplantation embryos in the domestic rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and domestic ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ) (1999)

The objective of this study was to develop nonsurgical methods of embryo collection and transfer in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) to serve as models for use in mammals in which surgical procedures are the usual means for applying embryo transfer technology. Specially designed transcervical catheters were used together with a fibre optic endoscope to visualize and then catheterize the rabbit and ferret cervices. Five consecutive transcervical uterine flushes in each of eight superovulated female rabbits 78-89 h after an ovulatory injection of LH resulted in the retrieval of 187 embryos, for an average of 23 embryos per rabbit. A total of 116 embryos were nonsurgically transferred to the uteri of ten recipients, and resulted in 23 young (20%). Eight rabbits (80%) produced young with an average litter size of 2.88 (range 1-7). Ten consecutive transcervical uterine flushes in each of 37 female ferrets 145-178 h after an ovulatory injection of hCG resulted in the retrieval of 324 embryos, an average of 8.76 embryos per ferret. A total of 251 embryos from 27 donors were nonsurgically transferred to the uteri of 31 recipients, and resulted in 65 young (26%). Twenty-eight of the recipients (90%) were initially pregnant, as indicated by postpartum necropsies, and twenty-two ferrets (71%) produced young. The average litter size was 2.95 (range 1-7). This is the first report of live births resulting from the nonsurgical collection of embryos from a donor followed by nonsurgical transfer of those same embryos to a synchronous recipient. The methods reported here can serve as models for use in other mammals in which direct visualization and manipulation of the cervix are not possible, and will be particularly useful in endangered species.
Inflammation induces hemorrhage in thrombocytopenia (2008)

The role of platelets in hemostasis is to produce a plug to arrest bleeding. During thrombocytopenia, spontaneous bleeding is seen in some patients but not in others; the reason for this is unknown. Here, we subjected thrombocytopenic mice to models of dermatitis, stroke, and lung inflammation. The mice showed massive hemorrhage that was limited to the area of inflammation and was not observed in uninflamed thrombocytopenic mice. Endotoxin-induced lung inflammation during thrombocytopenia triggered substantial intra-alveolar hemorrhage leading to profound anemia and respiratory distress. By imaging the cutaneous Arthus reaction through a skin window, we observed in real time the loss of vascular integrity and the kinetics of skin hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic mice. Bleeding-observed mostly from venules-occurred as early as 20 minutes after challenge, pointing to a continuous need for platelets to maintain vascular integrity in inflamed microcirculation. Inflammatory hemorrhage was not seen in genetically engineered mice lacking major platelet adhesion receptors or their activators (alphaIIbbeta3, glycoprotein Ibalpha [GPIbalpha], GPVI, and calcium and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I [CalDAG-GEFI]), thus indicating that firm platelet adhesion was not necessary for their supporting role. While platelets were previously shown to promote endothelial activation and recruitment of inflammatory cells, they also appear indispensable to maintain vascular integrity in inflamed tissue. Based on our observations, we propose that inflammation may cause life-threatening hemorrhage during thrombocytopenia.
POTATO LEAFHOPPER CONTROL TRIALS ON DRY BEANS, 2000 (2001)

Potato leafhopper (PLH): Empoasca fabae (Harris) Three trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of several foliar and seed treatment insecticides for potato leafhopper control. The first trial (Stafford) was located in Stafford, NY, on a cooperating grower's farm, the other two trials (NYCRF I and II) were located at the New York Crop Research Facility in Batavia, NY. All three trials were arranged in an RCBD with four replicates. The Stafford trial was planted with 'Black Knight Turtle Soup' beans on 21 Jun by the grower, using no systemic insecticides. Plots measured four 30-inch rows by 25 ft. Only foliar insecticides were tested in the Stafford trial, and were applied on 13 Jul at 25 gpa and 32 psi using a CO 2 backpack sprayer equipped with flat fan nozzles.
Optical tunable delay lines using fiber ring with acousto-optic frequency shifters and EDFAs: I. experimental demonstration (2006)

Optical buffers are key components in optical packet switching network systems that prevent packet collision along the same virtual path and wait for header processing time. Conventional fiber loops for optical buffers present the drawback of unexpected oscillation at gain peak wavelength of the fiber loop. In this paper, an optical tunable delay line using a fiber ring with an acousto-optic frequency shifter and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) are demonstrated experimentally. The frequency shifter plays the role of preventing unexpected oscillation. Clear eye heights are visible in data packets through the delay line.
A REVIEW OF TWELVE CASES OF VILLOUS ADENOMA IN THE RECTUM (1991)

Villous adenomas have been known as adenomatous lesions with a high malignant potential and we, surgens, often encounter difficulties in choosing the treatment method especially when they occur in the rectum, that is, whether they should be treated by local excision or by radical operation. Therefore, a retrospective study of twelve cases of rectal villous adenomas resected surgically was undertaken to speculate the guiding principle for the treatment by examining radiological and endoscopic features, value of CEA, endoscopic ultrasonography and final pathological diagnosis. As a result, the following items suggested that the lesion would be treated by local excision (the lesion might be a benign or superficial carcinoma): 1) the maximum tumor size of less than 5 cm; 2) C type or P type; 3) erosion (-) and ulcer (-); 4) biopsy specimens showed adenomatous components more frequently rather than cancer glands. On the other hand, items indicative of an invasive carcinoma (radical operation would be required) were: 1) the maximum size of over 5 cm; 2) B type; 3) either erosion, induration or ulcer was evident; and 4) cancer glands could be frequently obtained by biopsy.
Outgassing in thin wall stainless steel cells (1999)

Outgassing of hydrogen determines the ultimate pressure of a metal ultrahigh vacuum system, but also limits the long-term performance of sealed-off metal devices, where a thermal insulating grade of vacuum is required for a period of several years. Hydrogen concentration in stainless steel is related to equilibrium pressure by means of Sievert’s law, while the outgassing rate qout and equilibrium pressure are not related, particularly in the high vacuum range. Thin wall stainless steel cells (wall thickness 0.15 mm, AISI304 and AISI316) were used to test the relation between thermal treatment and the resulting room temperature outgassing rate qout. They were cleaned and baked in situ at ∼205 °C for ∼16 h. The pressure rise was recorded by a spinning rotor gauge after sealoff. The initial pressure rise slope at a H2 equivalent pressure of ∼10−5 mbar was in the order of qout≅1×10−14 mbar l H2/s cm2. During the measurements, which were performed at least 750, but even in excess of 3000 h, the outgassing rate started to decrease, which may be explained by its approaching equilibrium pressure. From the difference, the recombination rate coefficient KL was determined on the basis of a simple model. It lay in the range of KL (296 K)≅10−25–10−24 molecules H2 cm4/(atoms2 H s). The cells inner surfaces were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy. Their composition was rather typical for technical grade stainless steel covered by a native oxide layer. The corresponding KL values, which were not measured previously at room temperature, are matched with extrapolated reported values for an electropolished stainless steel surface. In addition, hydrogen annealing at 1030 °C was applied as a pretreatment of two of the cells without any noticeable effect on the final outgassing rate even if the inner surface was covered by a thick oxide layer. By increasing of the bakeout temperature, it was possible to prepare cells where qout was in the order of ≅1×10−15 mbar l H2/s cm2.
Characterization of mechano-microenvironment of acral melanoma and its potential impact on tumor cell invasion. (2019)

e21062 Background: Acral melanoma is the main subtype in Asia, and tends to be insensitive to conventional and novel therapies compared with cutaneous melanomas. It has been proved that biomechanical alterations inside the tumor microenvironment significantly affect tumor progression in breast, pancreatic and other cancers(Hepatology. 2016 July ; 64(1): 261–275; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXXI) . Hence, we hypothesized that the biomechanical microenvironment plays critical roles in proliferation and invasion in acral melanoma. In this study, the main purpose is to observe whether melanoma cells have the same ability called “durotaxis” as other tumors, which to respond to a gradient of extracellular stiffness and migrate in a directed fashion. Methods: In this study, the stiffness was compared between the acral melanoma tissue and the normal tissue by using the atomic force microscope (AFM) with fresh samples and the freezing microtome sectioning specimen (J. Matthew Barnes et al., Nature Cell Biology 2018.) . A stiffness gradient polyacrylamide hydrogel system was constructed to observe how the acral melanoma cells response. Using automated tracking (Curr Protoc Cell Biol. ; 76: 12.12.1–12.12.16.) of positional data for large sample size of single migrating cells to systematically analyze polarized melanoma cell migration in response to stiffness gradient. Results: The results showed that 1) all the acral melanoma cell lines tested displayed strong anti-durotactic migratory response, which was in accordance with the AFM measurement that the melanoma microenvironment gradually softened; 2) Acral melanoma cells tend to move toward softer areas on gradient gels, which is contrary to the migration behavior of most other tumor cells. Conclusions: In this study, we presented the different migratory pattern of acral melanoma cells. It may illustrate the invasion mechanism for aral melanoma cells. It could also herald that extracellular matrix may be a potential therapeutic target in acral melanomas.
Stacked nanosheet gate-all-around transistor to enable scaling beyond FinFET (2017)

In this paper, for the first time we demonstrate that horizontally stacked gate-all-around (GAA) Nanosheet structure is a good candidate for the replacement of FinFET at the 5nm technology node and beyond. It offers increased W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> per active footprint and better performance compared to FinFET, and with a less complex patterning strategy, leveraging EUV lithography. Good electrostatics are reported at L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> =12nm and aggressive 44/48nm CPP (Contacted Poly Pitch) ground rules. We demonstrate work function metal (WFM) replacement and multiple threshold voltages, compatible with aggressive sheet to sheet spacing for wide stacked sheets. Stiction of sheets in long-channel devices is eliminated. Dielectric isolation is shown on standard bulk substrate for sub-sheet leakage control. Wrap-around contact (WAC) is evaluated for extrinsic resistance reduction.
The characterization of two novel bufadienolides, lanceotoxins A and B from Kalanchoe lanceolata[Forssk.] Pers (1984)

The characterization of two novel bufadienolides, lanceotoxins A and B, isolated from Kalanchoe lanceolata is reported. The assignment of the structures is based on a detailed study of their high-field 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectral data and by correlation with known hellebrigenin derivatives.
Supplementary Figures1 from Crizotinib Has Preclinical Efficacy in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
The genes COL4A5 and COL4A6, coding for basement membrane collagen chains alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV), are located head-to-head in close proximity on human chromosome Xq22 and COL4A6 is transcribed from two alternative promoters. (1994)

The genes for the alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) chains of human basement membrane collagen type IV have been found together on chromosome X at segment q22 and have been reported to be arranged in a head-to-head fashion. Here we report the 5' flanking sequences of COL4A5 and COL4A6 and that COL4A6 is transcribed from two alternative promoters in a tissue-specific fashion. Analysis of the sequence immediately upstream of the transcription start sites revealed some features of housekeeping genes--i.e., the lack of a TATA motif and the presence of CCAAT and CTC boxes. Further analysis revealed that COL4A6 contains two alternative promoters that control the generation of two different transcripts. One transcription start site (from exon 1') is 442 bp away from the transcription start site of COL4A5, while an alternative transcription start site (from exon 1) is located 1050 bp from the first one and drives the expression of a second transcript that encodes an alpha 6(IV) chain with a different signal peptide. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that the transcript from exon 1' is abundant in placenta, whereas the transcript from exon 1 is more frequently found in kidney and lung. These results provide additional clues to answering the general question of what mechanisms are used to generate unique basement membrane structures in different tissues.
Nachweis von zirkulierenden Immunkomplexen mittels eines fluormetrischen C1q-solid-phase-assays (FIAX) (1981)

Article Nachweis von zirkulierenden Immunkomplexen mittels eines fluormetrischen C1q -solid-phase-assays (FIAX) was published on January 1, 1981 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 5, issue 11).
DC transmission grids with fault tolerant LCL VSC converters and mechanical DC circuit breakers (2012)

The introduction of HVDC light technology has been a significant step towards developing DC transmission grids. However, all voltage source converters (VSC) employed with HVDC are completely defenceless against DC faults, and significant further technical advances are required to achieve security and reliability levels that exist with AC grids. This paper proposes building DC grids using VSC converters based on LCL passive circuits that enable inherent regulation of DC fault currents. The DC grids with LCL AC/DC converters will not have high DC fault currents and do not require very fast DC fault isolation. The paper describes mechanical DC circuit breakers that can be used at the ends of each DC cable in similar manner and with similar protection systems as with AC transmission systems. The advantage and feasibility of this method in DC fault isolation is studied using a 1GW three terminal HVDC test system simulated on PSCAD platform. (6 pages)
Global data flow analysis of syntax tree intermediate code (1992)

A recently developed method, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on the density-functional description of monomers [SAPT(DFT)], is shown to be sufficiently accurate and numerically efficient to facilitate predictions of the structure of molecular crystals from first principles. In one application, a SAPT(DFT) potential was used to generate and order polymorphs of the cyclotrimethylene trinitramine crystal, resulting in the lowest-energy structure in excellent agreement with the experimental crystal. In a different application, a SAPT(DFT)-based calculation reproduced the lattice energy of the benzene crystal to within a few percent.
Drainage and Reflux Characteristics of Antireflux Ureteral Double-J Stents* (1993)

We tested three antireflux double-J stents and compared them with common double-J stents in ex vivo canine urinary systems. At a physiologic flow rate, the drainage function of the antireflux stents proved to be sufficient; however, at a supraphysiological flow rate, drainage was inferior to that of the common double-J stent. Our reflux study demonstrated high-grade reflux with the common double-J stent, which transmitted more than 90% of the bladder pressure to the renal pelvis. The antireflux stents prevented this to a certain degree by both a reduction in and a delay of pressure transmission to the renal pelvis. In preliminary clinical trials, vesicorenal reflux was not detectable radiologically with the antireflux stents.
Identification of Lgr5-Independent Spheroid-Generating Progenitors of the Mouse Fetal Intestinal Epithelium (2013)

Immortal spheroids were generated from fetal mouse intestine using the culture system initially developed to culture organoids from adult intestinal epithelium. Spheroid proportion progressively decreases from fetal to postnatal period, with a corresponding increase in production of organoids. Like organoids, spheroids show Wnt-dependent indefinite self-renewing properties but display a poorly differentiated phenotype reminiscent of incompletely caudalized progenitors. The spheroid transcriptome is strikingly different from that of adult intestinal stem cells, with minimal overlap of Wnt target gene expression. The receptor LGR4, but not LGR5, is essential for their growth. Trop2/Tacstd2 and Cnx43/Gja1, two markers highly enriched in spheroids, are expressed throughout the embryonic-day-14 intestinal epithelium. Comparison of in utero and neonatal lineage tracing using Cnx43-CreER and Lgr5-CreERT2 mice identified spheroid-generating cells as developmental progenitors involved in generation of the prenatal intestinal epithelium. Ex vivo, spheroid cells have the potential to differentiate into organoids, qualifying as a fetal type of intestinal stem cell.
Preliminary evaluation of acute cytogenotoxicity of a novel phenylboronic acid derivative; 2-(bromoacetamido) phenylboronic acid using theAllium cepachromosome aberrations assay (2016)

Phenylboronic acids and their conjugates as well as methods for their preparation and use have been the subject of several US patents. A novel phenylboronic acid derivative, 2-(bromoacetamido) phenylboronic acid (2-BAPBA), which may be useful in treatment of the human or animal diseases, has recently been prepared. Questions that need to be answered include: whether 2-BAPBA has any potential cytogenotoxic effects; and if so, whether they are commensurate with a reasonable risk/benefit ratio for its intended use. In this study, a well-established in vivo assessment bioassay, the Allium cepa test, was used to examine the effect of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution of 2-BAPBA at doses equivalent to 1/4, 1/2, 1 EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) and 2 EC50 (2.23, 4.45, 8.90, or 17.8 mg l–1, respectively) for 24 or 48 h. The EC50 of 2-BAPBA was 8.9 mg l–1. The compound was found to be cytotoxic, causing statistically significant reductions in root growth and mitotic index in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 2-BAPBA induced significant increases in the percentage of aberrant cells (% Abc) at all concentrations tested. It induced chromosome and nuclear aberrations, as well as morphological alterations in shape and size of cells, spindle disturbance and polar deviation in root tip meristem cells of Allium cepa. Under the present experimental conditions, 2-BAPBA is cytotoxic and genotoxic in onion root tips. The described work is the first of its type. To reach more definitive conclusions about this subject, further studies should be performed with different test systems.
The Problem of Secularism in Human Rights Theory (2004)

Theorists and practitioners commonly assume that the concept of human rights is secular and that it normally takes priority over other values. These assumptions are controversial for those who approach human rights from the perspective of religious beliefs. This article examines the arguments both of those who claim that religious beliefs must interpret human rights in their own terms and those who claim priority for the international (secular) legal understanding of the concept. It compares Western and Islamic approaches to religion, secularism, and human rights, and reaches two conclusions: 1) at the philosophical level, there may be no decisive argument for according priority to secularism or religion; 2) the politics of this debate may be more important in practice than questions of religious philosophy.
Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein (2001)

Vaccinia virus produces several forms of infectious virions. Intracellular mature virions (IMV) assemble in areas close to the cell nucleus. Some IMV acquire an envelope from intracellular membranes derived from the trans-Golgi network, producing enveloped forms found in the cytosol (intracellular enveloped virus; IEV), on the cell surface (cell-associated enveloped virus) or free in the medium (extracellular enveloped virus; EEV). Blockage of IMV envelopment inhibits transport of virions to the cell surface, indicating that enveloped virus forms are required for virion movement from the Golgi area. To date, the induction of actin tails that propel IEV is the only well-characterized mechanism for enveloped virus transport. However, enveloped virus transport and release occur under conditions where actin tails are not formed. In order to study these events, recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed with GFP fused to the most abundant protein in the EEV envelope, P37 (F13L). The P37–GFP fusion, like normal P37, accumulated in the Golgi area and was incorporated efficiently into enveloped virions. These recombinants allowed the monitoring of enveloped virus movements in vivo . In addition to a variety of relatively slow movements (&lt;0·4 μm/s), faster, saltatory movements both towards and away from the Golgi area were observed. These movements were different from those dependent on actin tails and were inhibited by the microtubule-disrupting drug nocodazole, but not by the myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Video microscopy (5 frames per s) revealed that saltatory movements had speeds of up to, and occasionally more than, 3 μm/s. These results suggest that a second, microtubule-dependent mechanism exists for intracellular transport of enveloped vaccinia virions.