gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Effects of Bouncing Water Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2008)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have considerable technological potential for various applications due to their extreme water repellent properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces may be generated by the use of hydrophobic coating, roughness, and air pockets between solid and liquid. Dynamic effects, such as the bouncing of a droplet, can destroy the composite solid-air-liquid interface. The relationship between the impact velocity of a droplet and the geometric parameters affects the transition from the solid-air-liquid interface to the solid-liquid interface. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic effect of droplets under various impact velocities. We studied the dynamic impact behavior of water droplets on micropatterned silicon surfaces with pillars of two different diameters and heights and with varying pitch values. A criterion for the transition from the Cassie and Baxter regime to the Wenzel regime based on the relationship between the impact velocity and the parameter of patterned surfaces is proposed. The trends are explained based on the experimental data and the proposed transition criterion. For comparison, the dynamic impact behavior of water droplets on nanopatterned surfaces was investigated. The wetting behavior under various impact velocities on multiwalled nanotube arrays also was investigated. The physics of wetting phenomena for bouncing water droplet studies here is of fundamental importance in the geometrical design of superhydrophobic surfaces.
2,7-Diphenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene, A New Organic Semiconductor for Air-Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Mobilities up to 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 (2006)

Vapor-deposited thin films of a newly developed sulfur-containing heteroarene, 2,7-diphenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (DPh-BTBT), were used as an active layer of OFETs, which showed excellent FET characteristics in ambient conditions with mobilities of approximately 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 and Ion/Ioff of 107.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Aromatic Rings Through Enamine Annulation. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nano-TiO 2 catalyzed microwave synthesis of -Hydroxyphosphonates (2014)

A simple, novel and green method is reported for the synthesis of �-hydroxyphosphonates by hydro- phosphonylation of various structurally diversified aldehydes (aromatic/ heteroaromatic) using Nano-TiO 2 as catalyst under solvent free microwave condition. Environmentally benign reaction procedures, short reaction times, easy work-up, high product yields, and reusability of catalyst for several cycles with consistent activity makes this protocol a highly attentive one.
Responses of the Medaka HPG Axis PCR Array and Reproduction to Prochloraz and Ketoconazole (2008)

Effects of two model imidazole-type fungicides, prochloraz (PCZ) and ketoconazole (KTC), on the hypothalamic−pituitary−gonadal (HPG) axis of the Japanese medaka (&lt;i&gt;Oryzias latipe&lt;/i&gt;) were examined by use of real time PCR (RT-PCR) array. Fourteen-week-old Japanese medaka were exposed for seven days to concentrations of PCZ or KTC from 3.0 to 300 μg/L. Exposure to KTC or PCZ caused significant reduction of fecundity of Japanese medaka and down-regulated expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-α and egg precursors in livers of males and females. However, PCZ was more potent than KTC both in modulating transcription and causing lesser fecundity. Exposure to nominal 30 μg PCZ/L resulted in 50% less fecundity and significant down-regulation of vitellogenin &lt;i&gt;II&lt;/i&gt; expression, but KTC did not cause such effects at this concentration. Exposure to PCZ caused a compensatory up-regulation in cytochrome P450 c17αhydroxylase, 17,20-lyase (&lt;i&gt;CYP17&lt;/i&gt;) and aromatase (&lt;i&gt;CYP19&lt;/i&gt;) expression in the ovary, while KTC did not. Furthermore, the ecologically relevant end point, fecundity was log−log related to mRNA level of six genes in livers of females.
Effects of non-ionic and anionic detergents on lipid-associated tissue ferritin. (1988)

Abstract Lipid-associated ferritin from homogenates of guinea pig liver is released from its conjugate(s) by incubation with the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 and Nonidet P-40 but not by incubation with the anionic detergent deoxycholate. The amount of lipid-associated ferritin released from its conjugate(s) depends on the concentration of the non-ionic detergents. At a final non-ionic detergent concentration of about 20 g/L, all lipid-associated ferritin is released from its conjugate(s) in a liver homogenate. The amount released is identical with the amount of the lipid-associated ferritin obtained by extraction of the same liver homogenate with a mixture of butanol and diisopropyl ether.
Targeted mutation of the calbindin D28K gene disrupts circadian rhythmicity and entrainment (2008)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian pacemaker in mammals. A salient feature of the SCN is that cells of a particular phenotype are topographically organized; this organization defines functionally distinct subregions that interact to generate coherent rhythmicity. In Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), a dense population of directly retinorecipient calbindin D(28K) (CalB) neurons in the caudal SCN marks a subregion critical for circadian rhythmicity. In mouse SCN, a dense cluster of CalB neurons occurs during early postnatal development, but in the adult CalB neurons are dispersed through the SCN. In the adult retina CalB colocalizes with melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells. In the present study, we explored the role of CalB in modulating circadian function and photic entrainment by investigating mice with a targeted mutation of the CalB gene (CalB-/- mice). In constant darkness (DD), CalB-/- animals either become arrhythmic (40%) or exhibit low-amplitude locomotor rhythms with marked activity during subjective day (60%). Rhythmic clock gene expression is blunted in these latter animals. Importantly, CalB-/- mice exhibit anomalies in entrainment revealed following transfer from a light : dark cycle to DD. Paradoxically, responses to acute light pulses measured by behavioral phase shifts, SCN FOS protein and Period1 mRNA expression are normal. Together, the developmental pattern of CalB expression in mouse SCN, the presence of CalB in photoresponsive ganglion cells and the abnormalities seen in CalB-/- mice suggest an important role for CalB in mouse circadian function.
Tube Feeding‐Related Diarrhea in Acutely III Patients (1991)

Acutely ill patients received tube feeding for an average of 15.8 days and, on average, 35% of those days were spent in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were prospectively assigned either a fiber-free formula (FFF-OSMOLITE HN, Ross; n = 50) or a fiber-supplemented (soy polysaccharide 14.4 g/L) formula (FSF = JEVITY, Ross; n = 50). Diarrhea was defined as three or more loose or watery stools per day and occurred in 30% of all patients. Diarrhea developed in 29 (41%) of the 71 patients who received antibiotics during, or within 2 weeks prior to, the feeding period, whereas only 1 (3%) of the 29 patients not receiving antibiotics developed diarrhea (p less than 0.005); and this patient developed diarrhea on the day of death. Among the 30 patients with diarrhea, stool Clostridium difficile (CD) toxin was positive in 15 (50%), negative in 11 (37%), and was not measured in four. The mean serum albumin was significantly lower in patients with diarrhea (2.43) than in those without diarrhea (2.75) (p = 0.043). There were no significant differences in age, sex, diagnoses, number of feeding days, and percent ICU days between patients with and without diarrhea. While not statistically significant, patients who received FSF were observed to have a lower incidence of diarrhea, a lower percentage of diarrhea days per total feeding days, and a lower frequency of positive CD toxin assays than patients who received FFF. In this patient population, antibiotic usage was the factor most strongly associated with diarrhea during tube feedings.
Photothermal Therapy Promotes Tumor Infiltration and Antitumor Activity of CAR T Cells (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T lymphocytes (CAR T cells) show modest therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors. The desmoplastic structure of the tumor and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment usually account for the reduced efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumors. Mild hyperthermia of the tumor reduces its compact structure and interstitial fluid pressure, increases blood perfusion, releases antigens, and promotes the recruitment of endogenous immune cells. Therefore, the combination of mild hyperthermia with the adoptive transfer of CAR T cells can potentially increase the therapeutic index of these cells in solid tumors. It is found that the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4)-specific CAR T cells infused in Nod scid gamma mice engrafted with the human melanoma WM115 cell line have superior antitumor activity after photothermal ablation of the tumor. The findings suggest that photothermal therapy facilitates the accumulation and effector function of CAR T cells within solid tumors.
Palliative Treatment of Esophageal Cancer Using Calcium Electroporation (2022)

Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel cancer therapy wherein high intracellular calcium levels, facilitated by reversible electroporation, trigger tumor necrosis. This study aimed to establish safety with CaEP within esophageal cancer. Patients with non-curable esophageal cancer were included at Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet in 2021 and 2022. In an outpatient setting, calcium gluconate was injected intratumorally followed by reversible electroporation applied with an endoscopic electrode. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of adverse events, followed by palliation of dysphagia. All patients were evaluated with CT and upper endoscopies up to two months after treatment. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04958044). Eight patients were treated. One serious adverse event (anemia, requiring a single blood transfusion) and three adverse events (mild retrosternal pain (two) and oral thrush (one)) were registered. Initially, six patients suffered from dysphagia: two reported dysphagia relief and four reported no change. From the imaging evaluation, one patient had a partial response, three patients had no response, and four patients had progression. Six months after treatment, the patient who responded well was still in good condition and without the need for further oncological treatment. CaEP was conducted in eight patients with only a few side effects. This study opens the way for larger studies evaluating tumor regression and symptom palliation.
Wide-range tuning of solid-state microwave oscillators (1970)

Equations are derived that give the electronic tuning range of solid-state microwave oscillators in terms of the Q factor of the tuning device and the available power output. For currently available varactors the tuning range is severely limited by the Q factor but some exchange of power output for the tuning range is possible. It is shown that series tuning is superior to shunt tuning.
Design of Self-Equalised Elliptic Filter Channels in Ka-Band Implemented in Rectangular H-Plane Waveguide (2006)

In this article, a systematic design procedure for the design of self-equalised elliptic filters in H-plane configuration is presented. Such a configuration in tends to be an alternative to the classical dual-mode circular waveguide configuration in Ka band, with the aim in mind of reducing cost and computation time. In order to decrease the insertion loss the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">105</sub> will be used. A sixth order filter with two transmission zeros at finite real frequencies and two zeros for equalisation has been designed, manufactured and measured. The results make clear the validity of the proposed configuration
High-throughput high-spectral-resolution grating x-ray spectrometer for XEUS (2005)

XEUS is a single focus X-ray telescope which will provide a collecting area of 10-20 m<sup>2</sup> at 1 keV with angular resolution 2-5 arc seconds. Such a large area can be achieved with low mass using pore optics manufactured from silicon. A high resolution X-ray spectrometer which can exploit this enormous collecting area to the full is difficult to construct. Non-dispersive devices are limited by solid state device technology and objective grating spectrometers require a very large number of massive high quality gratings. We describe an alternative focal plane grating spectrometer which employs relatively few plane reflection gratings and focusing MCP square pore optics to utilize a large fraction of the full aperture from the primary mirror.
DEACO: Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization with Differential Evolution (2008)

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a novel meta-heuristic algorithm for the approximate solution of combinatorial optimization problems that has been inspired by the foraging behavior of real ant colonies. ACO has strong robustness and easy to combine with other methods in optimization, but it has the shortcomings of stagnation that limits the wide application to the various areas. In this paper, a hybrid ACO with Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm was proposed to overcome the above-mentioned limitations, and this algorithm was named DEACO. Considering the importance of ACO pheromone trail for ants exploring the candidate paths, DE was applied to optimize the pheromone trail in the basic ACO model. In this way, a reasonable pheromone trail between two neighboring cities can be formed, so as to lead the ants to find out the optimum tour. The proposed algorithm is tested with the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DEACO is a feasible and effective ACO model in solving complex optimization problems.
Enhanced interactive question-answering with conditional random fields (2006)

This paper describes a new methodology for enhancing the quality and relevance of suggestions provided to users of interactive Q/A systems. We show that by using Conditional Random Fields to combine relevance feedback gathered from users along with information derived from discourse structure and coherence, we can accurately identify irrelevant suggestions with nearly 90% F-measure.
Multiple Mechanistic Pathways for Zirconium-Catalyzed Carboalumination of Alkynes. Requirements for Cyclic Carbometalation Processes Involving C−H Activation (1996)

The reactions of internal and terminal alkynes with organoalanes containing Et, n-Pr, and i-Bu groups in the presence of Cp2ZrCl2 and MeZrCp2Cl were investigated with the goal of clarifying mechanistic details of some representative cases. Three fundamentally different processes, i.e., (i) C−M bond addition without C−H activation in the alkyl group, (ii) cyclic C−M bond addition via C−H activation, and (iii) hydrometalation, have been observed, and the courses of these reactions significantly depend on (i) the nature and number of alkyl groups in organoalanes, (ii) their amounts, and (iii) solvents. The reaction of alkynes with Et3Al in the presence of 0.1 equiv of Cp2ZrCl2 in nonpolar solvents, e.g., hexanes, proceeds via C−H activation to give the corresponding aluminacyclopentenes. Investigation of the reaction of 5-decyne with 1−3 equiv of Et3Al and 1 equiv of Cp2ZrCl2, which gave mono-, di-, or trideuterated (Z)-5-ethyl-5-decene as shown in Scheme 10, together with the previously reported structural study on the reaction of Et3Al with Cp2ZrCl2 leading to the formation of well-characterized bimetallic species 9, 10, and 11 (Scheme 11), supports a catalytic cycle involving bimetallic species 10 and 18 (Scheme 15). In summary, this process requires a zirconocene derivative containing one Zr-bound Et group which is linked to Et3Al (but not to Et2AlCl) through a Cl bridge, i.e., 18, to produce 10 via β C−H activation. In sharp contrast, the reaction of Et2AlCl−Cp2ZrCl2 as well as of (n-Pr)2AlCl−Cp2ZrCl2 does not involve any C−H activation processes. It proceeds well in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, e.g., (CH2Cl)2, but it is extremely sluggish in nonpolar solvents, e.g., hexanes. The reaction may well involve direct C−Al bond addition to alkynes, as suggested earlier for Zr-catalyzed Me−Al bond addition to alkynes, but a few other alternatives cannot be ruled out on the basis of the currently available data. The reaction of alkynes with (n-Pr)3Al−Cp2ZrCl2 in nonpolar solvents proceeds partially via C−H activation and partially via hydrometalation. In contrast with the C−H activation process observed with Et3Al, that with (n-Pr)3Al is totally dominated by dimerization of alkynes to give aluminacyclopentadienes rather than aluminacyclopentenes, reflecting a previously established generalization that propene can be much more readily displaced from Zr by alkynes than ethylene. Hydrometalation is the exclusive process with (i-Bu)3Al−Cp2ZrCl2. This hydrometalation reaction, however, reveals a few interesting complications. Alkyl-substituted internal alkynes give double bond migrated products in addition to the expected hydrometalation products. With terminal alkynes the reaction produces the expected hydrometalation products and the 1,1-dimetalloalkanes in comparable yields. Various other related reactions involving other alkynes, e.g., PhC⋮CPh, n-OctC⋮CH, and PhC⋮CH, and other reagents, e.g., Et3Al−MeZrCp2Cl, Et2AlCl−MeZrCp2Cl, and (n-Pr)3Al−MeZrCp2Cl, were also studied.
Nitridorhenium(V) Complexes with 1,3,4‐Triphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene (2005)

Abstract [ReNCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] and [ReNCl 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 3 ] react with the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3,4‐triphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene (HL Ph ) under formation of the stable rhenium(V) nitrido complex [ReNCl(HL Ph )(L Ph )], which contains one of the two NHC ligands with an additional orthometallation. The rhenium atom in the product is five‐coordinate with a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination sphere. The position trans to the nitrido ligand is blocked by one phenyl ring of the monodentate HL Ph ligand. The Re–C(carbene) bond lengths of 2.072(6) and 2.074(6) Å are comparably long and indicate mainly σ‐bonding between the NHC ligand and the electron deficient d 2 metal atom. The chloro ligand in [ReNCl(HL Ph )(L Ph )] is labile and can be replaced by ligands such as pseudohalides or monoanionic thiolates such as diphenyldithiophosphinate (Ph 2 PS 2 − ) or pyridine‐2‐thiolate (pyS − ). X‐ray structure analyses of [ReN(CN)(HL Ph )(L Ph )] and [ReN(pyS)(HL Ph )(L Ph )] show that the bonding situation of the NHC ligands (Re–C(carbene) distances between 2.086(3) and 2.130(3) Å) in the product is not significantly influenced by the ligand exchange. The potentially bidentate pyS − ligand is solely coordinated via its thiolato functionality. Hydrogen atoms of each one of the phenyl rings come close to the unoccupied sixth coordination positions of the rhenium atoms in the solid state structures of all complexes. Re–H distances between 2.620 and 2.712Å do not allow to discuss bonding, but with respect to the strong trans labilising influence of “N 3− ”, weak interactions are indicated.
Hegemony in the Interior of The Salvadoran Revolution: The Erp in Northern Morazán (1998)

This article offers a nuanced explanation of the internal politics of guerilla relations. It uses the conce; ts of hegemony, fields of power and habitus to aralyze the dynamics of guerilla strategies and efforts to implement them in the Peoples Revolutionary Army (ERP) in northern Morazaa El Salvador. The author argues that the guerrilla strategies involved them in a double process of hegemony construetion: hegemony over civilians and hegemony over their own combatants. This double process was crucial if ERP guerrillas were to compete on the field of power dominated by the US‐backed Salvadoran military.
Perception of space and motion (1995)

The metatheoretical context, W. Epstein the perception of spatial layout from static optical information, B. Gillam perceiving layout and knowing distances - the integration, relative potency, and contextual use of different information about depth, J.E. Cutting and P.M. Vishton perceiving pictorial space, S. Rogers visible information about structure from motion, J.S. Lappin the visual perception of 3-dimensional structure from motion, J.T. Todd perceiving events, D.R. Profitt and M.K. Kaiser self-motion - visual perception and visual control, W.H. Warren Jr ontogenesis of space and motion perception, P.J. Kellman auditory spatial layout F.L. Wightman and R. Jenison dynamic touch, M.T. Turvey and C. Carello.
Assessing children in need assessments - a parental perspective (2002)

Abstract This article examines the implementation of the framework for assessment of children in need from the point of view of parents in one local authority. Parents' experiences of both initial and core assessments are considered with focus on I) the extent to which they felt they participated in the process, 2) the balance achieved between their needs and those of their children and 3) their views about how well social workers carried out their functions. About a third of the parents either felt negatively about or had little recollection of the assessments and the reasons for these views are explored. However, the majority of parents expressed satisfaction with the process, and the research concludes with consideration of what leads to successful assessments and in what circumstances.
A Spin-Probe Study of the Modification of the Hydration of SDS Micelles by Insertion of Sugar-Based Nonionic Surfactant Molecules (1999)

The spin-probe detected polarity index H(25 °C) of SDS micelles decreases linearly with the number of inserted sugar-based nonionic surfactant molecules. This decrease is interpreted as being due to the expulsion of water molecules by the sugar groups from the polar shell surrounding the hydrocarbon core of the dodecyl micelle. Employing the geometrical model described in the companion paper immediately preceding this work, the effective volume of water expulsion is found to be similar to the volume of the sugar groups after taking into account that the OH bonds of the sugar groups also contribute to the polarity index H(25 °C). The estimate of the hydration of pure SDS micelles as a function of their aggregation number from these studies with the spin probe 16 doxylstearic acid methyl ester is similar to that with 5 doxylstearic acid methyl ester. This confirms that both spin probes are located similarly in the polar shell.
Structural changes in the megakaryocytes of patients infected with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV-1). (1989)

Although immune mechanisms are known to be partially responsible for the thrombocytopenia of patients infected with HIV-1, an understanding of the mechanism underlying this disorder is incomplete. A casual observation that bone marrow biopsies of HIV-infected individuals seem to exhibit an unusually large number of denuded megakaryocyte nuclei (DN-MK) prompted a study comparing MK of 20 HIV-seropositive individuals with those of 10 patients with HIV-negative idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and 10 hematologically normal subjects. In normal marrows the number of DN-MK average 2.1 +/- 0.5 SE per 10 low power field. In patients with ITP the average number was 6.5 +/- 1.4 SEM, whereas HIV-ITP marrows had an average of 42.5 +/- 3.7 SEM. Electron microscopy of AIDS megakaryocytes exhibited ballooning of the peripheral zone to an extent not seen by us in any other myelodysplastic syndromes. These observations support the concept that the pathophysiology affecting MK/platelets in HIV-infection should not be equated with the destructive process underlying other immune thrombocytopenias.