gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Readership survey: reviews in urology. (2001)

Reviews in Urology, now in its third year of publication, provides the practicing urologist with scholarly reviews of clinically relevant information, including review articles, meeting reviews, literature reviews, and case reviews. The editorial board, composed of highly regarded opinion leaders and educators, author the majority of the content.

We recognize that it is extremely difficult in today’s climate for the busy urologist to keep current with the many new developments in the field. First, managed care, with capitation and discounted fees, has greatly increased the workload the physician must perform simply to maintain economic parity. Second, there is an exponential increase in technological and pharmacological advances impacting on the management of urologic disease. To this end, Reviews in Urology was developed with the goal of becoming the “CliffsNotes” of our discipline. Authoritative opinion leaders synthesize the information and derive the “take-home” message for the readership. Our journal fills a unique niche, which accounts for our success. A readership survey was conducted in March 2001 to determine whether our goals were being met. The following are the results.
Abstract 12691: The Biological Clock Regulates Cellular Iron Homeostasis (2016)

Introduction: Iron is an essential metal for various cellular processes including mitochondrial respiration, DNA synthesis and protein synthesis. Low iron stores can disrupt any of these processes, while excess free iron increases oxidative stress. It is thus crucial to regulate iron levels to meet cellular needs while preventing excess iron accumulation. Previously it was reported that human serum iron levels show diurnal variations. However, the underlying mechanism by which iron homeostasis shows rhythmic variations and whether circadian iron regulation also exists at cellular level is unknown. Since the main function of the biological clock is to synchronize cellular demands with environmental signals such as nutrition, we hypothesize that the biological clock regulates cellular iron homeostasis to protect cells from oxidative damage. Results: Assessment of iron levels in various tissues in mice revealed that hepatic iron levels display 24-hour diurnal variations with peaks by the onset of the active period. Furthermore, disruption of the biological clock by the deletion of circadian transcriptional activator Bmal1 caused an increase in hepatic iron levels, which was associated with a decrease in serum iron. To investigate the underlying mechanism of the clock-mediated regulation of cellular iron, we next measured the mRNA levels of iron homeostasis genes in the liver of Bmall -/- and WT mice. Our results indicated that among all proteins involved in iron homeostasis, the levels of the iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1) was significantly decreased in Bmal -/- mice. Since Bmal1 deletion is associated with an increase in cellular iron, the reduced levels of FPN1 suggests that decreased iron export through FPN1 might be the mechanism for iron accumulation in Bmal -/- livers. Bmal1 deletion was also associated with decreased levels of iron importer protein transferrin-1, consistent with a cellular signature of iron overload. Finally, mRNA expression of FPN1 and TfR1 also displayed diurnal variations. Conclusions: Our data establish a link between the biological clock and cellular iron homeostasis pathways in mammals. Our data also suggests that FPN1 and TfR1 expression might be controlled by the clock machinery.
加密网络连接，旅途一路平安——使用OpenSSH和Squid组建非微软产品的虚拟专用网 (2007)

本文介绍了一个非微软产品的虚拟专用网解决方案。它由免费的OpenSSH虚拟专用网工具和Squid for Windows代理服务器组成。不仅简单、便携。而且易于安装和配置。感兴趣者尽可以按照本文中描述的步骤操作。不用费多少功夫你的网络连接安全问题就能得到解决。
Continuous optimization of hyper-parameters (2000)

Many machine learning algorithms can be formulated as the minimization of a training criterion which involves a hyper-parameter. This hyper-parameter is usually chosen by trial and error with a model selection criterion. In this paper we present a methodology to optimize several hyper-parameters, based on the computation of the gradient of a model selection criterion with respect to the hyper-parameters. In the case of a quadratic training criterion, the gradient of the selection criterion with respect to the hyper-parameters is efficiently computed by back-propagating through a Cholesky decomposition. In the more general case, we show that the implicit function theorem can be used to derive a formula for the hyper-parameter gradient involving second derivatives of the training criterion.
A Rapid Computational Method for Lead Evolution:  Description and Application to α1-Adrenergic Antagonists (2000)

The high failure rate of drugs in the development phase requires a strategy to reduce risks by generating lead candidates from different chemical classes. We describe a new three-dimensional computational approach for lead evolution, based on multiple pharmacophore hypotheses. Using full conformational models for both active and inactive compounds, a large number of pharmacophore hypotheses are analyzed to select the set or "ensemble" of hypotheses that, when combined, is most able to discriminate between active and inactive molecules. The ensemble hypothesis is then used to search virtual chemical libraries to identify compounds for synthesis. This method is very rapid, allowing very large virtual libraries on the order of a million compounds to be filtered efficiently. In applying this method to alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor ligands, we have demonstrated lead evolution from heterocyclic alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor ligands to highly dissimilar active N-substituted glycine compounds. Our results also show that the active N-substituted glycines are part of our smaller filtered library and thus could have been identified by synthesizing only a portion of the N-substituted glycine library.
Immune Tolerance to Self-Major Histocompatability Complex Class II Antigens after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Role of Regulatory T Cells (2006)

The immune system undergoes rapid reconstitution after autologous or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation with the re-establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. Administration of drugs such as cyclosporine that inhibit thymic-dependent clonal deletion disrupts the reconstitution of the immune system. In the absence of a peripheral regulatory T cells eliminated by the preparative regimen, systemic autoimmunity with pathology similar to graft-versus-host disease often develops. Moreover, the resolution of autoaggression is dependent on the reconstitution of CD4+ regulatory T cells. This study examined the specificity and function of this regulatory population assessed ex vivo that plays a critical role in down-regulating the autoreactive T lymphocyte response in cyclosporine-induced syngeneic graft-versus-host disease. The results suggest that both the antigen-specific regulatory and pathogenic effector T cells recognize a common peptide antigen framework (CLIP, a peptide derived from the invariant chain) presented by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Analysis of the CD4+ T-cell compartment revealed two subsets of CLIP-reactive T cells that differentially require the N- and C-terminal flanking domain of this peptide. Regulatory function is associated with the cells that require the C-terminal flanking domain. This population expresses the Foxp3 nuclear transcription factor and plays a critical role in re-establishing tolerance to self-major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. In addition to suppressing the production of type 1 cytokines, these regulatory T cells can direct the apoptotic death of the pathogenic autoreactive lymphocytes. This study also suggests that the development of functional regulatory activity is an active response initiated by the presence of autoreactive lymphocytes that can present the target antigen (major histocompatibility complex class II CLIP) to the regulatory T cells. Moreover, this process can be mimicked by peptide antigen in the absence of the pathogenic effector lymphocytes leading to the development of functional regulatory T-cell activity.
An optimization method for analyzing noise responses of high-frequency auditory-nerve fibers (2003)

This paper presents a method for estimating the bandpass transfer function of high characteristic-frequency (high-CF) auditory-nerve (AN) fibers. These fibers are modeled as a 4/sup th/-order gamma-tone filter followed by envelope extraction. The best central frequency, bandwidth, and delay in the model are determined by an optimization procedure. The peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the noise response of a fiber is the desired output of the model. The proposed method gives reasonable estimates of the bandpass transfer functions of high-CF AN fibers.
RotDCF: Decomposition of Convolutional Filters for Rotation-Equivariant Deep Networks (2018)

Explicit encoding of group actions in deep features makes it possible for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to handle global deformations of images, which is critical to success in many vision tasks. This paper proposes to decompose the convolutional filters over joint steerable bases across the space and the group geometry simultaneously, namely a rotation-equivariant CNN with decomposed convolutional filters (RotDCF). This decomposition facilitates computing the joint convolution, which is proved to be necessary for the group equivariance. It significantly reduces the model size and computational complexity while preserving performance, and truncation of the bases expansion serves implicitly to regularize the filters. On datasets involving in-plane and out-of-plane object rotations, RotDCF deep features demonstrate greater robustness and interpretability than regular CNNs. The stability of the equivariant representation to input variations is also proved theoretically under generic assumptions on the filters in the decomposed form. The RotDCF framework can be extended to groups other than rotations, providing a general approach which achieves both group equivariance and representation stability at a reduced model size.
Fabrication of highly efficient polarizing alumina film by pulsed voltage anodic oxidization at low temperature and its application to bulk polarizers (1998)

In order to form a polarizing alumina film by low-temperature anodization, the anodization voltage and concentration of sulfuric acid were optimized. It was found that when pulsed anodization was used instead of a constant anodization voltage, the substrate was efficiently cooled and the quality of the anodized film was improved. The polarizing alumina film was used as a bulk polarizer. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(3): 17–22, 1998
Adenovirus sequence required for replicationin vivo (1985)

We have studied the in vivo replication properties of plasmids carrying deletion mutations within cloned adenovirus terminal sequences. Deletion mapping located the adenovirus DNA replication origin entirely within the first 67 bp of the adenovirus inverted terminal repeat. This region could be further subdivided into two functional domains: a minimal replication origin and an adjacent auxillary region which boosted the efficiency of replication by more than 100-fold. The minimal origin occupies the first 18 to 21 bp and includes sequences conserved between all adenovirus serotypes. The adjacent auxillary region extends past nucleotide 36 but not past nucleotide 67 and contains the binding site for nuclear factor I.
Implementation and characterization of phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography method for flow velocity measurement (2014)

In this work, the system implementation and characterization of a Phase-Resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (PR-DOCT) is presented. The phase-resolved Doppler technique was implemented on a custom built Frequency Domain OCT (FD-OCT) that was recently developed at Suranaree University of Technology. Utilizing Doppler phase changed relation in a complex interference signal caused by moving samples, PR-DOCT can produce visualization and characterization of flow activity such as blood flow in biological samples. Here we report the performance of the implemented PR-DOCT system in term of the Velocity Dynamic Range (VDR), which is defined by the range from the minimum to the maximum detectable axial velocity. The minimum detectable velocity was quantified from a histogram distribution of phase difference between consecutive depth-scan signals when performing Doppler imaging of a stationary mirror. By applying a Gaussian curve fitting to the histogram, the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the fitted curve was measured to represent the detectable minimum flow velocity of the system. The maximum detectable velocity was limited by the phase wrapping of the Doppler signal, which is governed by the acquisition speed of the system. We demonstrate the 3D Doppler imaging and velocity measurement of feed flow phantom using 100% milk pumped through a microfluidic chip by using a syringe pump system.
Probing interactions within complex colloidal systems using PGSE‐NMR (2002)

Abstract Pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR (PGSE‐NMR) has evolved into a powerful technique for probing colloidal structure, particularly that of complex mixtures. Indeed, with the exception perhaps of neutron scattering, no single technique has such universal applicability. The parameter of interest, the (self‐) diffusion coefficient, is of fundamental importance as it is determined by both the chemistry of the system—the size and shape of the individual molecular species—and its physical environment/state—dissolved, dispersed, aggregated, constrained within boundaries, etc. Understanding such behaviour is of central importance in the biological and colloidal fields. The basis of using diffusion as a probe of such systems relies on the fact that each species in a mixture can be separated by differences in their diffusion coefficient and/or by the chemical specificity of NMR. Binding, aggregation and structure elucidation studies have undergone a renaissance in the last decade owing to the increased commercial availability of hardware and improved data processing. This paper highlights just a few of the many and diverse applications to which PGSE‐NMR can be put. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Derivation and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Concepts for World Cities (2016)

This thesis presents an approach for the automated and city-specific derivation and evaluation of battery electric vehicle (BEV) concepts as a contribution to sustainable individual mobility. The BEV concepts are tailored to the local mobility needs of urban residents in order to achieve lowest-possible vehicle costs. The ecological footprint and economic viability of the resulting BEVs are investigated respecting local conditions regarding traffic flow, climate, power generation and costs for fuel and electricity.
Visuomotor Adaptation in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (2004)

Although one of the criteria for the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) suggests learning impairments, there is a lack of studies investigating motor adaptation in these children. This study examined the ability of 7 children with DCD to adapt to a novel visuomotor relationship by exposing them to a 45 degrees visual feedback rotation while they performed a center-out drawing task, and compared their performance with that of 7 normally developing children. The results show that the children with DCD were less affected by the feedback distortion than the control children, and did not show aftereffects, suggesting they had a less well-defined internal model. A principal component analysis of the performance variables during early and late exposure showed that the variables accounting for most of the variance in the trajectories are different between the 2 groups, suggesting that underlying control processes might operate differently in the 2 groups of children.
Wet impregnation as route to unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites manufacturing (2011)

Processing of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using a laboratory scale modular composite line was investigated. Thin continuous tapes were manufactured from a 12k carbon fibre tow via wet impregnation impregnated using a slurry based polymer suspension. Hardware design as well as processing parameters influencing the tape quality and the fibre volume content of the resulting tapes, is discussed. Two different grades of polyetheretherketone were used for in‐house manufacturing of UD carbon fibre reinforced composite tapes. Laminates were prepared from the manufactured tapes via compression moulding and tested. Results from short beam strength, flexural and compression tests show that the properties of the manufactured composites match the properties of commercially available aromatic polymer composites (APC2). The flexibility of the process is demonstrated, showing that it is also possible to manufacture unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride composites.
Effects of heat treatment and HF etching on the strength of silica lightguides (2004)

Often lightguide fiber processing involves steps that may cause degradation of very high strength or flaw-free, perfect fiber. A very obvious type of degradation is the development of abrasion flaws during handling. Also, heating of a fiber to moderate temperatures (~300-600°C), for instance during the soldering of pigtails, has been shown to result in strength degradation of strong fiber. It has been suggested that the use of HF etching may be a reasonable technique for the elimination of many types of strength-lowering defects. In this paper we discuss early results from the literature on the effects of heating and HF etching on the strength of silica glass and present new results on both.
Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Toluene/NOx Irradiations under Complex Pollution Scenarios (2017)

Toluene is one of the most important precursor contributors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), both of which greatly affect the air quality and human health. In this study, the effects of toluene on ozone and SOA formation were investigated in the presence of NOx in the CAPS-ZJU (Complex Air Pollution Study-Zhejiang University) smog chamber. Three comparison groups of experiments were conducted under the gas-phase environments of toluene/NOx, toluene/isoprene/NOx, and toluene/ethylene/NOx. The ozone concentration and physical properties of SOA such as mass concentration, aerosol yield, effective density, extinction and scattering were measured simultaneously. A toluene-dependent mechanism of ozone formation was found at ratios of toluene and NOx between 3.1 and 11.3 with the initial NOx concentration about 30 ppb. With further increase of the toluene concentration, the maximum value of ozone concentration remained almost stabilized. The maximum SOA yields decreased with increase of toluene, while the SOA effective density was concentrated at 1.3–1.4 g cm–3. The presence of isoprene or ethylene can promote the formation of ozone and SOA. The SOA nucleation was delayed under different initial toluene concentrations and the yield was reduced at the same mass concentration. A linear increase of extinction and scattering was observed with the increase of SOA mass concentration in both the toluene/isoprene/NOx and toluene/ethylene/NOx systems. A rapid increase of single scattering albedo reflects the process of SOA nucleation and growth. In addition, organic aerosol oxidation products tend to carboxylic acids in toluene/isoprene/NOx system according to Van Krevelen.
Role of Amphiphilicity in the Design of Synthetic Mimics of Antimicrobial Peptides with Gram-Negative Activity (2013)

Two new series of aryl SMAMPs (synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides) with facially amphiphilic (FA) and disrupted amphiphilic (DA) topologies were designed and synthesized to directly assess the role of amphiphilicity on their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in closely related structures. The FA SMAMPs displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive <i>S. aureus</i> and gram-negative <i>E. coli</i>, whereas the DA SMAMPs, which contained a polar amide bond in between the hydrophobic moieties, only exhibited activity towards <i>S. aureus</i> with increasing hydrophobicity. The integy moment (IW) was used to quantify the amphiphilicity of the SMAMPs and confirmed that it is critical for the design of SMAMPs with gram-negative activity.
Enhancing online waveform processing by adding new point attributes (2013)

<i>RIEGL</i> LIDAR instruments based on echo digitization and on-line waveform processing provide valuable attributes to every detected target: calibrated amplitude, calibrated estimated target reflectance, and echo pulse deviation. Additional attributes could be provided by employing enhanced algorithms. In hydrography an estimate for the backscattering coefficient of a water column, for topographic targets an estimate of the angle of incidence of the laser beam on flat targets can be determined. We present data sets based on on-line waveform processing of <i>RIEGL</i>'s V-Line and assess the possibility of deriving additional attributes by performing more sophisticated analysis of the waveform.
SHEF-NN: Translation Quality Estimation with Neural Networks (2015)

We describe our systems for Tasks 1 and 2 of the WMT15 Shared Task on Quality Estimation. Our submissions use (i) a continuous space language model to extract additional features for Task 1 (SHEF-GP, SHEF-SVM), (ii) a continuous bagof-words model to produce word embeddings as features for Task 2 (SHEF-W2V) and (iii) a combination of features produced by QuEst++ and a feature produced with word embedding models (SHEF-QuEst++). Our systems outperform the baseline as well as many other submissions. The results are especially encouraging for Task 2, where our best performing system (SHEF-W2V) only uses features learned in an unsupervised fashion.
The Preemptive Resource Allocation Problem (2019)

We revisit a classical scheduling model to incorporate modern trends in data center networks and cloud services. Addressing some key challenges in the allocation of shared resources to user requests (jobs) in such settings, we consider the following variants of the classic resource allocation problem (RAP). The input to our problems is a set J of jobs and a set M of homogeneous hosts, each has an available amount of some resource. A job is associated with a release time, a due date, a weight and a given length, as well as its resource requirement. A feasible schedule is an allocation of the resource to a subset of the jobs, satisfying the job release times/due dates as well as the resource constraints. A crucial distinction between classic RAP and our problems is that we allow preemption and migration of jobs, motivated by virtualization techniques. We consider two natural objectives: throughput maximization (MaxT), which seeks a maximum weight subset of the jobs that can be feasibly scheduled on the hosts in M, and resource minimization (MinR), that is finding the minimum number of (homogeneous) hosts needed to feasibly schedule all jobs. Both problems are known to be NP-hard. We first present an Omega(1)-approximation algorithm for MaxT instances where time-windows form a laminar family of intervals. We then extend the algorithm to handle instances with arbitrary time-windows, assuming there is sufficient slack for each job to be completed. For MinR we study a more general setting with d resources and derive an O(log d)-approximation for any fixed d >= 1, under the assumption that time-windows are not too small. This assumption can be removed leading to a slightly worse ratio of O(log d log^* T), where T is the maximum due date of any job.