gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum waveforms for sonar velocity discrimination (1971)

Velocity resolvent wide-band sonar waveforms are derived by using the variational calculus together with some properties of the wide-band ambiguity function.
Nanopillar Filters for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

We present a simple, robust, and automated molecule extraction technique based on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Fast and facile extraction of a food adulterant (melamine) from a complex sample medium (milk) on a SERS substrate is demonstrated. The unique characteristic of the detection method is the obtained "filter paper/chromatographic" effect which combines centrifugal force and wetting properties of the SERS substrate. The work addresses issues related to SERS-based detection of analytes in complex media, which is important for realizing next generation SERS platforms applicable for a broad variety of real-life applications.
On the Size of Chromatic Delaunay Mosaics (2022)

Given a locally finite set $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ and a coloring $χ\colon A \to \{0,1,\ldots,s\}$, we introduce the chromatic Delaunay mosaic of $χ$, which is a Delaunay mosaic in $\mathbb{R}^{s+d}$ that represents how points of different colors mingle. Our main results are bounds on the size of the chromatic Delaunay mosaic, in which we assume that $d$ and $s$ are constants. For example, if $A$ is finite with $n = \#{A}$, and the coloring is random, then the chromatic Delaunay mosaic has $O(n^{\lceil{d/2}\rceil})$ cells in expectation. In contrast, for Delone sets and Poisson point processes in $\mathbb{R}^d$, the expected number of cells within a closed ball is only a constant times the number of points in this ball. Furthermore, in $\mathbb{R}^2$ all colorings of a dense set of $n$ points have chromatic Delaunay mosaics of size $O(n)$. This encourages the use of chromatic Delaunay mosaics in applications.
Detection of intermittent faults for linear stochastic systems subject to time‐varying parametric perturbations (2016)

In this study, the robust detection problem of intermittent faults (IFs) for linear stochastic systems subject to time‐varying parametric perturbations is addressed. The authors consider the case that an IF appears and disappears non‐deterministically, and lasts for random periods of active time with unknown magnitudes. A novel robust fault detection method is presented to detect all the appearing time and the disappearing time of an IF. Based on the output of an observer‐type residual generator, a novel robust residual is constructed by utilising a sliding‐time window. Two hypothesis tests are provided to detect all the appearing and the disappearing time, respectively. Moreover, the detectability of the IF by using the proposed robust detection scheme is defined in a probabilistic sense, and a sufficient detectability condition is presented within the given framework. Capacities of false alarm rates and missed detection rates are rigorously analysed. Finally, the application of the presented scheme is illustrated on a simplified radial flight control system and the results show that the IF can be effectively detected in the presence of perturbations and noises.
Ultralinear Magnetic-Flux-To-Voltage Conversion in Superconducting Quantum Interference Proximity Transistors (2023)

Superconducting interferometers are quantum devices able to transduce a magnetic flux into an electrical output with excellent sensitivity, integrability, and power consumption. Yet, their voltage response is intrinsically nonlinear, a limitation which is conventionally circumvented through the introduction of compensation inductances or by the construction of complex device arrays. Here we propose an intrinsically linear flux-to-voltage mesoscopic transducer, exploiting the superconducting quantum interference proximity transistor (SQUIPT) as a fundamental building block, called bi-SQUIPT. It provides a voltage-noise spectral density as low as approximately ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2}$ and, more interestingly, under a proper operation parameter selection, exhibits a spur-free dynamic range as large as approximately $60$ dB, a value on par with that obtained with state-of-the-art linear flux-to-voltage superconducting transducers based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Furthermore, thanks to its peculiar measurement configuration, the bi-SQUIPT is tolerant to imperfections and nonidealities in general. For the above reasons, we believe that the bi-SQUIPT could provide a relevant step beyond in the field of low-dissipation and low-noise current amplification with a special emphasis on applications in cryogenic quantum electronics.
Zinc Pyrithione: A Topical Antimicrobial With Complex Pharmaceutics. (2016)

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is an active material that has been used for over 50 years to effectively treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD). It has become the most common material for that purpose, its use has expanded to include other skin benefits such as skin hygiene. However, there is much about ZPT that is unappreciated. It is a rationally developed molecule that was modeled after the naturally occurring antimicrobial aspergillic acid. The molecular basis for its antifungal activity has been elucidated. The efficacy of ZPT originates from two attributes. First, it has a very broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity, including fungi, gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Second, the material has very low solubility, resulting in formulation and delivery as a particulate material, which has distinct performance advantages. The particles are deposited and retained on the target skin surfaces even when delivered from rinse-off products. These particles slowly release molecularly active material to interact with the surface fungal and bacteria cells to control their population, functioning as slow-release reservoirs to provide extended and persistent benefits. This particulate nature, though, results in complex pharmaceutics to realize the full efficacy benefits; it is common to see products with the same ZPT level having widely varying levels of clinical performance. Several product matrix-determined factors directly impact resultant benefits: ZPT must be retained on the skin surface achieving uniform spatial distribution laterally as well as within hair follicles (especially on scalp); ZPT must be maintained as a physically stable dispersion in product; ZPT must be maintained in a chemically active form as there are many chemical reactions that can occur that can harm ZPT bioactivity. The benefits achievable by employing ZPT require significant pharmaceutics expertise to realize the full benefits of this active material.
Strain distribution over plaques in human coronary arteries relates to shear stress (2008)

Once plaques intrude into the lumen, the shear stress they are exposed to alters with hitherto unknown consequences for plaque composition. We investigated the relationship between shear stress and strain, a marker for plaque composition, in human coronary arteries. We imaged 31 plaques in coronary arteries with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Computational fluid dynamics was used to obtain shear stress. Palpography was applied to measure strain. Each plaque was divided into four regions: upstream, throat, shoulder, and downstream. Average shear stress and strain were determined in each region. Shear stress in the upstream, shoulder, throat, and downstream region was 2.55+/-0.89, 2.07+/-0.98, 2.32+/-1.11, and 0.67+/-0.35 Pa, respectively. Shear stress in the downstream region was significantly lower. Strain in the downstream region was also significantly lower than the values in the other regions (0.23+/-0.08% vs. 0.48+/-0.15%, 0.43+/-0.17%, and 0.47+/-0.12%, for the upstream, shoulder, and throat regions, respectively). Pooling all regions, dividing shear stress per plaque into tertiles, and computing average strain showed a positive correlation; for low, medium, and high shear stress, strain was 0.23+/-0.10%, 0.40+/-0.15%, and 0.60+/-0.18%, respectively. Low strain colocalizes with low shear stress downstream of plaques. Higher strain can be found in all other plaque regions, with the highest strain found in regions exposed to the highest shear stresses. This indicates that high shear stress might destabilize plaques, which could lead to plaque rupture.
On the Glitch Phenomenon (2017)

The Principle of the Glitch states that for any device which makes a discrete decision based upon a continuous range of possible inputs, there are inputs for which it will take arbitrarily long to reach a decision. The appropriate mathematical setting for studying this principle is described. This involves defining the concept of continuity for mappings on sets of functions. It can then be shown that the glitch principle follows from the continuous behavior of the device.
Effects of annealing on performances of 1.3-μm InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulators (2013)

In this work, we investigated the effects of quantum dot (QD) annealing (as-grown, 600°C-annealed, and 750°C-annealed) on the preliminary performances of 1.3-μm InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulators (QD-EAMs). Both extinction ratio and insertion loss were found to vary inversely with the annealing temperature. Most importantly, the 3-dB response of the 750°C-annealed lumped-element QD-EAM was found to be 1.6 GHz at zero reverse bias voltage - the lowest reverse bias voltage reported. We believe that this work will be beneficial to researchers working on on-chip integration of QD-EAMs with other devices since energy consumption will be an important consideration.
Analysis and design of a new soft switching interleaved converter using an integrated transformer (2011)

This paper proposes an interleaved active-clamping zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) converter using a single magnetic core. The presented topology is composed of an active-clamping forward converter parallel with an active-clamping flyback converter. The main switch of any converter also acts as auxiliary switch for the other one, so only two switches are required and there is no need to additional switches to achieve ZVS operation. Because of interleaved operation of the converter, the output current ripple will be reduced. Thus, the output choke and capacitor can be smaller. The transformers of converter are integrated into one magnetic core and center and outer legs are gapped. Due to the mutual influence of the coupling between the two transformers, input current ripple also can be reduced. According to the mentioned reasons, the proposed converter has high efficiency. Furthermore, the size of the converter is reduced and its power density increases. Detailed analysis and design of this new converter are described. Then simulation results with an ac input voltage of 85-135Vrms, an output voltage 12V and output current 16A verified the validity of the proposed converter.
Electrospinning: production of fibers due the presence of small amounts of high molecular weight polymer in polydisperse and low concentration solutions (2013)

Fiber-spinning has become one of the major topic of research in recent year due to its ability to produce micro to nano meter thick fibers using polymer solutions at room temperatures and to form thick non-woven fabrics. These fabrics have potential applications in areas such as non-wetting and breathable clothing, wound dressing and template for growing artificial skin etc. Many techniques have been invented or rediscovered for making micro to nano meter thick fibers; examples are electro- spinning, spray-spinning, forced-spinning etc. During fiber production depending of the conditions, there can be only beads (without fibers), beads with fibers or just fibers. The control parameters that are important in producing only fibers (or predominantly fibers) are still not clear. A review of literature on this topic shows different parameters to be important. A few of these control parameters are the concentration (C) of polymer solution should be above the overlap concentration (C*), solution must have certain number of entanglements, should show extensional thickening, solution should be capable of forming a network etc. It is well know in literature that a polydisperse polymer solution gives fibers at concentrations well below C*. Recently we have shown, fibers can be produced by blending high concentration low molecular weight (Mw) polymer with low concentration high Mw polymer such that the effective Mw is similar to the polydisperse sample1. This experimental evidence points that the extensibility averaged molecular weight (ML ) and the extensibility averaged CL* might be a major factor that controls the fiber formation. In this talk we will discuss the results in terms of some of the above mentioned control parameters on fiber formation using a well-characterized PMMA solution. 1. Siddarth Srinivasan, Shreerang S. Chhatre, Joseph M. Mabry, Robert E. Cohen, Gareth H. McKinley, Solution spraying of poly(methyl methacrylate) blends to fabricate microtextured, superoleophobic surfaces, Polymer 52 (2011) 3209-3218
Multi-Channel High-Tc SQUID Detection System for Metallic Contaminants (2012)

Finding ultra-small metallic contaminants is a big issue for manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries nowadays. Therefore, we have developed high-Tc SQUID systems for detection of such fine magnetic metallic contaminants. In this paper, we constructed an eight channel high-Tc SQUID gradiometer system for inspection of a sheet electrode of a lithium ion battery with width of about 70 mm. By this system, a small iron ball of about 30 μm in diameter was successfully detected. It is shown that this system has a detectable range of 70 mm in width. These results suggest that the system is a promising tool for the detection of the contaminants in lithium ion batteries.
Inhibitory Activity on Amyloid-β Aggregation and Antioxidant Properties ofCrocus sativusStigmas Extract and Its Crocin Constituents (2006)

Crocus sativus stigmas are one of the widely known spices (saffron) and consist of unusually polar carotenoids. Alzheimer's disease is characterized pathologically by deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) fibrils. Oxidation is thought to promote Abeta fibril formation and deposition. To identify agents inhibiting the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we examined in vitro the antioxidant properties of extract of C. sativus stigmas and its effect on Abeta(1-40) fibrillogenesis. The antioxidant properties were determined by measuring the ferric-reducing antioxidant power and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, while its effects on Abeta-aggregation and fibrillogenesis were studied by thioflavine T-based fluorescence assay and by DNA binding shift assay. The water:methanol (50:50, v/v) extract of C. sativus stigmas possesses good antioxidant properties, higher than those of tomatoes and carrots, and inhibited Abeta fibrillogenesis in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The main carotenoid constituent, trans-crocin-4, the digentibiosyl ester of crocetin, inhibited Abeta fibrillogenesis at lower concentrations than dimethylcrocetin, revealing that the action of the carotenoid is enhanced by the presence of the sugars. Our findings suggest the possible use of C. sativus stigma constituents for inhibition of aggregation and deposition of Abeta in the human brain.
Fabrication Of Nonaxisymmetric Aspheric Lenses For Laser Printers (1989)

A new fabrication technique for nonaxissymmetric aspheric glass lenses is developed. In a laser printer, a combination lens system consisting of spherical lenses and a long cylindrical lens is used for the F-e conversion system. However, the conventional F-e lens system has a large aberration characteristic In its wide beam scanning. Aberration-free characteristics can be achieved using a nonaxissymmetric aspheric surface on a normal toroidal lens. This configuration results in a surface similar to a toroidal figure, but with the short radius gradually varied along the main axis. However, this type of nonaxissymmetric lens is difficult to produce with the conventiona lapping method. To overcome this problem, a new numerically controlled aspheric surface generator is constructed. Pairs of glass blanks are set around a turntable that rotates continuously at about 4 rpm. The surfaces of the blanks are machined with a grinding wheel, while the grinding spindle swings to generate the short radius of a basic toroidal figure. Furthermore, the grinding depth is dynamically controlled by actuating the turntable position through linkage with the rotation angle of the turntable. With this figure-generating principle, pairs of lenses with arbitrary surfaces can be machined at the same time. A 115 mm x 16 mm modified toroidal lens with an aspheric length of 80 Am is machined. Machining time for a lens is 45 minutes, and a figure accuracy of ± 0. 2 P.M and a surface roughness of 0.05 (Lm Rmax are achieved.
810. Peptides. Part XVI. Experiments related to acyl cyanides (1965)

D. S. Jones, G. W. Kenner and R. C. Sheppard, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 4393 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650004393
Advantages of fiber laser ablation of polymers in the CH stretching region (2019)

We present the first comprehensive experimental investigation on laser ablation using a novel technology of dual-pumped fiber laser emitting in the CH stretching region of three common polymers. A rigorous comparison of the relevant parameters of the interaction for our compact fiber laser and a CO2 laser reveals the strong impact of the wavelength of irradiation on the process. The development of such laser materials processing can improve existing and allow innovative applications.
T1ρ relaxation and its application to MR histology (1996)

The application of T1 rho an an alternative contrast parameter in high-field magnetic resonance histology (MRH) has been investigated. Spectroscopic measurements of T1 rho were performed on 5.75% agar and 1.0 mM MnCI2 phantoms at 9.4 T to validate the accuracy of the imaging measurements. Image studies were performed at 2.0 and 9.4 T on perfusion-fixed 17.5-day-old mouse embryos. T1, T2, and T1 rho relaxation times were calculated for the phantoms and muscle, diencephalon, and liver tissues. The 5.75% agar phantom and all tissues showed T1 rho dispersion with B1L, whereas the 1.0 mM MnCI2 phantom showed no significant B1L dependence. T1 rho dispersion with B(O) was observed arising from the effects of diffusion through susceptibility-induced gradients. T1 rho shows promise as a contrast parameter in high-field MRH because it is capable of producing T2-like contrast without the susceptibility artifacts associated with T2-weighted images.
Mixed disulfide intermediates during the reduction of disulfides by Escherichia coli thioredoxin (1995)

The reduction of disulfides by thioredoxin involves a two-step mechanism. The first step features an intermolecular attack of Cys32 of thioredoxin on the disulfide with formation of a protein mixed disulfide and release of 1 equiv of thiol. The second step involves intramolecular breakdown of the mixed disulfide intermediate via attack of Cys35 with concomitant formation of the oxidized protein and release of a second equivalent of thiol. Study of mixed disulfide intermediates for Escherichia coli thioredoxin is exceedingly difficult because the second step is highly favorable. We have studied these intermediates via two approaches. First, Cys35 can be mutated to the similar but chemically nonreactive residue serine. This precludes breakdown of the intermediate. Second, "mass action trapping" techniques can be used because the second step of the mechanism is first-order in the forward direction and second-order in the reverse direction. This has yielded a thermodynamic breakdown of the reaction into its two component steps. Results for reaction of thioredoxin and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide indicate that about half of the free energy change for the entire process is associated with the first step. Comparison with a small molecule cysteine analog suggests that significant interactions stabilize the mixed disulfide intermediate. Two-dimensional NMR analysis of the C35S thioredoxin 32C-beta-mercaptoethanol mixed disulfide shows packing interactions between the mixed disulfide moiety and Trp31 and Ile75. Additionally, studies with C35S thioredoxin show that substitution of the cysteine residue slightly perturbs the equilibrium for the first step in the reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BIOMARKERS OF NEOVASCULAR ACTIVITY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (2017)

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a new, noninvasive imaging modality that can be used to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of NV lesions. In the future, OCT angiography may provide biomarkers of activity and guide the evaluation and treatment and monitoring of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.
The effect of instruction fetch bandwidth on value prediction (2002)

Value prediction attempts to eliminate true-data dependencies by dynamically predicting the outcome values of instructions and executing true-data dependent instructions based on that prediction. In this paper we attempt to understand the limitations of using this paradigm in realistic machines. We show that the instruction-fetch bandwidth and the issue rate have a very significant impact on the efficiency of value prediction. In addition, we study how recent techniques to improve the instruction-fetch rate affect the efficiency of value prediction and its hardware organization.
Multi resolution feature extraction: source data processing for the revision of map objects (2002)

As a result of increased data access through development in interoperability, conventional and new users will expect to identify and acquire suitable datasets via an Internet environment. If the available data are not at a level of appropriate representation and information detail, users will expect appropriate tools with which to combine and transform it for their intended application. Thus effective methods for temporal updating, generalization, and visualization become more pressing for the geomatics community to resolve. The evolving and expanding user community will need better tools to transform and manipulate the geo-spatial data into a form that complies with standard as well as new application areas. This research paper addresses the first stage of processing and presents methods currently being developed for the feature extraction component. The objects selected for testing are hydrographic, transportation and coastline features as they form the foundation and contextual reference for many types of maps.