gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1P1-B18 Stiffness sensing of cell sheet toward quantitative evaluation (2010)

Stiffness is an important index for evaluating the activity of a cell sheet (or a cell). This paper proposes a new method where the stiffness of cell sheet is evaluated in culture liquid without picking it out from petri dish. The system is composed of both air supply and deformation sensing systems. When an air puff is given to a cell sheet in culture liquid, the air puff push away the liquid toward the outer direction and reaches the surface of cell sheet. Then, without any switching motion, the air puff continuously imparts a force to the surface of cell sheet. We show a couple experiments for confirming this approach.
Liquid-Metal-Jet X-Ray Tube Technology and Tomography Applications (2015)

The power and brightness of electron-impact micro-focus X-ray sources have long been limited by thermal damage in the
anode. Here we describe a novel X-ray microfocus source based on a new anode concept, the liquid-metal-jet anode
(MetalJet). The regenerative nature of this anode allows for significantly higher e-beam power density than on conventional
anodes, resulting in this source generating significantly higher brightness than other X-ray tubes in the microfocus regime
(~5-50 μm). We describe the fundamental properties of the technology and will review the current status specifically in
terms of spot size, stability, lifetime, flux, acceleration voltage and brightness.
Abstract 208: Multi-omics analysis in primary cell cultures reveals the genomic basis of phenotypic diversity within tumors (2018)

Abstract To uncover the functionally essential variations related to tumorigenesis and tumor progression from large amount of cancer genomics data is still challenging due to the genetic diversity between patients, and extensive inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity at the genomic, epigenomic, and transcription levels. Multiple primary cultures derived from phenotypically distinct subpopulations of a single patient may not only represent the diversity and heterogeneity of tumor cell types and states (such as metastasis and drug-resistant), but also narrow the analysis in genomic basis of phenotypic diversity down to the relatively small number of variations between subpopulations with the same genetic background. Performing multi-omics sequencing, we identified variations in single nucleotide, copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression among four primary cell cultures from primary and recurrent tumors in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient. We observed the discrepancy between the phylogenetic relationships revealed by single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and transcriptional profiles in the four cell cultures. The differences in gene expression, which indicated the distinct cellular characteristics and tumorigenic capability in one of the two recurrent cell clones, were correlated to the copy number alterations (CNAs) and DNA methylation variation in gene body and confirmed by the characterization of cellular phenotype. Our multi-omics analysis in heterogeneous clones derived from an individual revealed that CNAs and epigenomic changes, rather than SNVs, dominantly contribute to the phenotypic diversity among subpopulations in tumors, which could shed light on developing new cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies based on gene dosage and epigenetic modification Citation Format: Sixue Liu, Zuyu Yang, Guanghao Li, Yanting Luo, Qiang Gong, Xin Wu, Tao Li, Zhiqian Zhang, Baocai Xing, Xiaolan Xu, Xuemei Lu. Multi-omics analysis in primary cell cultures reveals the genomic basis of phenotypic diversity within tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 208.
Amplitude‐preserved common image gathers by wave‐equation migration (2001)

We present two methods to compute angle-domain common image gathers (ADCIG) by downward-continuation migration, and we an-alyze their amplitude response versus reflection angle (AVA). A straightforward implementation of the two methods leads to contra-dictory, and thus obviously inaccurate, amplitude responses. The amplitude problem is related to the fact that downward continua-tion migration is the adjoint of upward-continuation modeling, but it is a poor approximation of its inverse. We derive the weight-ing operators, diagonal in the frequency-wavenumber domain, that makes migration a good approximation to the inverse of modeling. After weighting, the ADCIGs computed by the two methods be-come consistent. Other important factors degrading the accuracy of AVA in practical situation are the limited sampling and offset range, and the bandlimited nature of seismic data.
Computational Imaging in 3D X-Ray Microscopy: Reconstruction, Image Segmentation and Time-Evolved Experiments (2021)

Time-dependent X-ray Microscopy (XRM) is an excellent technique to develop a fundamental mechanistic understanding of material behavior. Computational imaging plays a critical role in XRM, in a variety of ways. 2D projections are acquired and the resulting datasets are reconstructed using a filtered back projection algorithm. Several imaging artifacts are typically present, such as beam hardening, misalignment of the data, drift during time-evolved experiments (particularly at high temperatures and/or nanometer resolution scans), etc. Minimizing and removing these artifacts is, thus, very important. This is all the more important, because image segmentation is then done to quantify the statistics of the microstructure (often, as a function of time). The efficiency and accuracy of image segmentation is directly proportional to the quality of the initial reconstructed data. Thus, there is a need to develop efficient, robust algorithms that can handle large datasets obtained by 4D, time-dependent x-ray microscopy. In this paper, we will describe the challenges associated with computation imaging during x-ray microscopy. The use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures based on a deep learning approach, as means of automating and handling x-ray microscopy data sets, in both lab-scale and synchrotron, will be discussed. The use of CNN techniques to robustly process ultra-large volumes of data in relatively small-time frames can exponentially accelerate tomographic data analysis, opening up novel avenues for performing 4D characterization experiments.
Preparation and Properties of Clickable Amino Analogues of the Duocarmycins: Factors That Affect the Efficiency of Their Fluorescent Labelling of DNA (2014)

Herein we report the synthesis of three DNA-alkylating amino analogues of the duocarmycins that carry an alkyne functional group suitable for copper-catalysed click chemistry. The alkyne-containing substituents are connected via a side chain position which projects away from the minor groove, and have only a small effect on DNA alkylation and cytotoxicity. The efficiency of click reactions with fluorophore azides was studied using alkylated ctDNA by analysing the adenine adducts produced after thermal depurination. Click reactions "on DNA" were sensitive to steric effects (tether length to the alkyne) and, surprisingly, to the nature of the fluorophore azide. With the best combination of click partners and reagents, adducts could be detected in the nuclei of treated cells by microscopy or flow cytometry, provided that an appropriate detergent (Triton X-100 and not Tween 20) was used for permeabilisation. The method is sensitive enough to detect adducts at physiologically relevant concentrations, and could have application in the development of nitro analogues of the duocarmycins as hypoxia-activated anticancer prodrugs.
Percutaneous imaging-guided biopsy of the spleen. (1999)

Percutaneous imaging-guided biopsy of the spleen.M E O'Malley, B J Wood, G W Boland and P R MuellerAudio Available | Share
<title>Below Room Temperature Measurements Of The 8-12 μ M Water Vapor Continuum Absorption</title> (1981)

The CO<sub>2</sub> laser photoacoustic technique has been used to measure 002 laser absorption spectra of water vapor/air mixtures containing various water vapor partial pressures at selected temperatures down to 10°C. At CO2 laser wavelengths where water vapor continuum absorption contributions are dominant, the water absorp-tion possesses a temperature coefficient of -2.2%/°C between 27°C and 10°C. At the fixed temperatures em-ployed, the water continuum possesses a dependence on water vapor partial pressure that includes both linear and quadratic terms. A similar temperature coefficient and water partial pressure dependence has been observed in previous studies of water continuum absorption between room temperature and 100°C.
Improving TID Radiation Robustness of a CMOS OxRAM-Based Neuron Circuit by Using Enclosed Layout Transistors (2021)

Aerospace applications are attractive candidates to embed artificial neural networks despite their excellent parallel processing capability and reduced energy consumption. Nonetheless, the long-term exposure to incidence levels of ionizing radiation may degrade their physical components reducing, therefore, their reliability and expected lifetime. Thus, it is mandatory to face the challenge of enhancing the radiation hardening characteristics of a neural circuit before operating in harsh environments. A possible solution to substantially reduce long-term spurious effects caused by ionizing radiation [referred to as total ionizing dose (TID)] is to change the conventional rectangular MOS gate geometry to a nonstandard topology referred to as an enclosed layout transistor (ELT). In the context of hardening a complete neuron circuit against TID effects, together with the well-established ELT paradigm, it is possible to exploit the inclusion of other hardened devices, for instance, the memory element. In this sense, the Oxide-based Resistive Random Access Memory (OxRAM) can be used as the memory element, which is inherently tolerant against ionizing radiation and, hence, better suited for a fully hardened circuit. In this work, we propose to harden the design of an existing OxRAM-based neuron circuit through the inclusion of ELTs, i.e., to improve the radiation hardening characteristics of a preexistent convenient neuron circuit topology by using the enclosed gate geometry for the nMOS and pMOS devices. Electrical simulations, considering a standard commercial bulk CMOS fabrication process, in a 180-nm technology, have been carried out to validate our proposed design. In addition, we exploit two simulation setups: first, the OxRAM's behavior in a simple circuit configuration, to provide a better understanding of the OxRAM device; second, the OxRAM-based neuron circuit, to evaluate the behavior of the proposed neuron circuit hardened with ELTs. The simulation results, supported by the analysis of former works regarding the incidence of ionizing radiation in OxRAM and ELTs, indicate that the proposed hardened neuron circuit is a feasible solution to embed neuromorphic computing in aerospace applications.
2'-Deoxy-2'-azidocytidine inhibits the initiation of polyoma DNA synthesis. (1977)

2'-Deoxy-2'-azidocytidine, a nucleoside analogue, inhibits polyoma DNA synthesis. The inhibition results in a 5.5-fold decrease in the amount of replicating intermediates, as detected by electron microscopy. The results indicate that replication is inhibited at an early step, possibly in the initiation of new rounds of replication. In contrast, the effect on the elongation of DNA chains appears to be less pronounced. As a result of the inhibition, polyoma DNA molecules at an early stage of replication accumulate in the nuclei. Upon incubation of such nuclei, DNA synthesis is induced in these molecules. The replication starts from the normal origin and elongation proceeds bidirectionally at a rate close to that observed during in vivo conditions. Analysis of polyoma DNA replication in nuclei isolated from control cells indicates that both initiation and termination of replication are impaired under in vitro conditions.
Diversity of Motility in Fish Spermatozoa Depends on Distinct Energy Metabolism. (2008)

Fish spermatozoa are released in water during spawning, and therefore they must swim through it utilizing their intracellular energy substrates before reaching egg. To clarify the relation between motility and energy sources of fish spermatozoa, we compared the moving and energy metabolisms in spermatozoa freshly collected from two flounders (Liopsetta obscura and Verasper moseri) and the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). Flounder spermatozoa swam linearly, and turned their moving direction near the opening of egg miclopyle before entering it. Herring spermatozoa, which were almost motionless in seawater, began to move near the micropyle and entered it after gliding the surface of chorion in a circular manner. When diluted in seawater, L. obscura spermatozoa swam vigorously before stopping by one minute. V. moseri spermatozoa kept swimming for more than ten minutes. Unlike flounder spermatozoa, herring spermatozoa, which began to move near the micropyle, kept moving in the micropyle region for hours even after. In seawater, herring spermatozoa were almost motionless, yet their cAMP level was elevated having the peak at five second after their dilution. Flounder spermatozoa did not show such cAMP elevation during their movement in seawater. Before swimming, flounder spermatozoa had high levels of ATP, while herring spermatozoa had only a trace amount of ATP. After started to swim, L. obscura spermatozoa depleted their ATP, whereas V. moseri spermatozoa retained 40% of ATP they had before swimming. V. moseri spermatozoa contained glycogen which was consumed during their swimming in seawater. Both L. obscura and herring spermatozoa contained only trace amounts of glycogen even before and after swimming. These results indicate that the motility and metabolic pattern of fish spermatozoa vary from one species to another.
Kartlegging av status og potensiale for dronebasert teknologi. Anvendelser innen naturfare og infrastruktur (2014)

NIFS (Naturfare, Infrastruktur, Flom og Skred) er et felles satsingsområde mellom etatene Jernbaneverket, Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat og Statens vegvesen. På vegne av NIFS har SINTEF utført en kartlegging av erfaringer og potensial for anvendelser av droneteknologi innen naturfare og infrastruktur relevant for etatene. Rapporten inneholder teknologi og muligheter knyttet til både luftfartøy- og bakkefartøydroner. Med bakgrunn i tilgjengelig materiale dreier rapporten seg i hovedsak om luftfartøydroner og en mengde eksempler på forskjellige anvendelser omtales. Luftfartøydroner er mye brukt for å generere 2D/3D kart/terrengmodeller fra kamerabilder tatt med dronene. I tillegg er det mest vanlig å bruke bilder tatt med slike droner direkte for manuell inspeksjon av områder og infrastruktur. Rapporten foreslår en rekke områder der droneteknologi utgjør et potensial for etatene – både innen naturfare og inspeksjon av infrastruktur. I tillegg kommer rapporten med anbefalinger i forbindelse anskaffelse og utnyttelse av droneteknologi innen etatene. Oppdragsgiver: Jernbaneverket/NIFS
Endothelin-3 Stimulates Prostacyclin Production in Cultured Bovine Endothelial Cells (1991)

Among three endothelin (ET) isopeptides, ET-3 shows the most potent initial depressor response through endothelium-dependent mechanism. We have recently reported that ET-3 induces receptor-mediated phosphoinositide breakdown, which increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and stimulates synthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), or nitric oxide (NO), in endothelial cells (ECs). We examined whether ET-3 has any effect on synthesis of prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator prostanoid in bovine ECs. ET-3 dose-dependently (10(-10) - 10(-8) M) stimulated the formation of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, in culture media of ECs, whose stimulatory effect was inhibited by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These data suggest that ET-3 stimulates, in addition to EDRF (NO), the synthesis and release of prostacyclin.
Quantum oscillations in insulators with neutral Fermi surfaces (2018)

We develop a theory of quantum oscillations in insulators with an emergent Fermi sea of neutral fermions minimally coupled to an emergent $\text{U}(1)$ gauge field. As pointed out by Motrunich [Phys. Rev. B 73, 155115 (2006)], in the presence of a physical magnetic field the emergent magnetic field develops a nonzero value leading to Landau quantization for the neutral fermions. We focus on the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the analog of the de Haas--van Alphen effect in two and three dimensions. At temperatures above the effective cyclotron energy, the magnetization oscillations behave similarly to those of an ordinary metal, albeit in a field of a strength that differs from the physical magnetic field. At low temperatures, the oscillations evolve into a series of phase transitions. We provide analytical expressions for the amplitude and period of the oscillations in both of these regimes and simple extrapolations that capture well their crossover. We also describe oscillations in the electrical resistivity of these systems that are expected to be superimposed with the activated temperature behavior characteristic of their insulating nature and discuss suitable experimental conditions for the observation of these effects in mixed-valence insulators and triangular lattice organic materials.
4,5‐Difluoro‐1,2‐dehydrobenzene: Generation and Cycloaddition Reactions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An unnatural amino acid that mimics phosphotyrosine (2010)

By replacing the phosphate group in pTyr with an isoxazole carboxylic acid, a novel unnatural amino acid has been successfully synthesized. Subsequently, its incorporation into a known PPI (protein-protein interaction) inhibitor of STAT3 protein (ISS 610) generated I2 which showed reasonable anti-STAT3 activity in both fluorescence polarization and cell-proliferation experiments.
Production of Biovanillin by One-Step Biotransformation Using Fungus Pycnoporous cinnabarinus (2010)

The current study proposes a one-step biotransformation process for vanillin production from ferulic acid using the wild fungal strain Pycnoporous cinnabarinus belonging to the family Basidiomycete. Improvement of biotransformation conditions was performed in two steps; initially a one factor at a time method was used to investigate effects of medium composition variables (i.e., carbon, nitrogen) and environmental factors such as pH on vanillin production. Subsequently, concentrations of medium components were optimized using an orthogonal matrix method. After primary screening, glucose as carbon source and corn steep liquor and ammonium chloride as organic and inorganic nitrogen source, respectively, supported maximum biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. Under statistically optimum conditions vanillin production from ferulic acid by P. cinnabarinus was 126 mg/L with a molar yield of 54%. The overall molar yield of vanillin production increased by 4 times.
Transcription factors mediate rRNA synthesis during myogenesis (1988)

This study was designed to identify factors which control rRNA transcription during terminal differentiation of rat L6 myoblasts. A cell-free system using 100,000 x g supernatants (S100 extracts) from rat L6 myoblasts and a genomic rRNA clone was established which accurately transcribes the rat rRNA gene. The myoblast S100 extract produced a high level of transcription with accurate initiation at the rRNA promoter. Myotube S100 extracts, on the other hand, displayed a reduced capacity to transcribe the rRNA gene. Thus constituents of the cell extract, rather than rearrangements of the DNA sequences, are implicated in regulating rRNA gene expression. The RNA polymerase content of the S100 extracts was analyzed using alpha-amanitin to determine the activity of each polymerase species and found to be comparable in both myoblast and myotube S100 extracts. This observation suggests that factors other than RNA polymerase I are involved in regulating rRNA transcription. Two of the factors associated with accurate rRNA gene expression in vitro, namely transcription factors B and D, occurred at comparable levels in both myoblast and myotube extracts suggesting that other components of the transcription complex are responsible for limiting rRNA transcription in myotubes. The cell-free system should facilitate identification and characterization of these factors which regulate expression of the rRNA gene.
Electrochemistry at platinum bane electrodes of width approaching molecular dimensions: breakdown of transport equations at very small electrodes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry at platinum bane electrodes of width approaching molecular dimensions: breakdown of transport equations at very small electrodesRael B. Morris, David J. Franta, and Henry S. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 13, 3559–3564Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100297a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Temperature and strain dependence of the power level and frequency of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in optical fibers (1997)

The strain dependence of the optical power of Brillouin scattering in optical fibers has been measured for the first time to our knowledge. Together with measurements of the dependence of Brillouin power on temperature and the variation of Brillouin frequency with temperature and strain, we demonstrate, for what we believe to be the first time, the feasibility of a simultaneous temperature and strain sensor based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering.