gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase of temperature due to Joule heating during current-induced magnetization switching of an MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (2008)

Three-dimensional numerical calculations based on the finite element method are performed to calculate the increase of temperature caused by Joule heating during the current-induced magnetization switching of an MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction. The increase of temperature is found to be significantly large (the maximum being 145K) at critical conditions for the current-induced magnetization switching. The temperature increase also differs greatly, depending on the critical condition, requiring a correction in calculating the thermal stability parameter using the Slonczewski equation. After the correction, the thermal stability parameter increases substantially from 67 to 76.
Fingerprint-like Analysis of "Nanoantibody" Selection by Phage Display Using Two Helper Phage Variants (2010)

This paper discusses the selection of mini-antibody (nanoantibody, nanobody® or single domain antibody) sequences of desired specificity by phage display-based method using a generated library of antigen-binding domains of special heavy-chain only antibodies (single-stranded antibodies) of immunized camel. A comprehensive comparison of the efficiency of parallel selection procedures was performed by using the traditional (M13KO7) and modified (with N-terminal deletion in the surface gIII protein) helper phages. These two methods are partly complementary, and by using them in parallel one can significantly improve the selection efficiency. Parallel restriction analysis (finger-printing) of PCR-amplified cloned sequences coding for mini-antibodies (HMR-analysis) is proposed for identifying individual clones, as a replacement to sequencing (to a certain extent). Using this method, unique data were collected on the selection of mini-antibody variants with the required specificity at various stages of a multi-stage selection procedure. It has been shown that different sequences coding for mini-antibodies are selected in different ways, and that, if this feature is not taken into account, some mini-antibody variants may be lost.
Complete Genome Sequences of Bacteriocin-Producing Strains ST106 and ST109 (2019)

Streptococcus thermophilus strains ST106 and ST109 produce broadspectrum bacteriocins encoded within a bacteriocin-like peptide (blp) gene cluster. This study reports the complete genome sequences for both strains, with the ST109 chromosome containing 1,788,866 nucleotides (nt) and 1,572 predicted genes, and ST106 having 1,856,083 nt and 1,601 predicted genes.
Detection of ruminal bacteria that degrade toxic dihydroxypyridine compounds produced from mimosine (1990)

Leucaena leucocephala, a tropical leguminous shrub, contains a toxic amino acid, mimosine. Successful utilization of leucaena as a ruminant forage depends on colonization of the rumen by bacteria that degrade dihydroxypyridines (DHP), which are toxic intermediates in the metabolism of mimosine. Populations in the rumina of animals in some parts of the world, however, do not include bacteria that are able to carry out this degradation. We thus describe tests for the presence of DHP degraders in ruminal populations that are based on degradation (loss) of DHP compounds from culture media. Results obtained with the tests indicate that DHP degraders were not part of microbial populations in the rumina of cattle, sheep, and goats in Iowa, while most rumen samples examined from animals from the Virgin Islands and Haiti contained DHP degraders. These results confirm and extend the findings of others about geographic limits to the distribution of these important ruminal bacteria.
What is the future of problem-based learning in medical education? (1998)

Student-centered problem-based learning (PBL) has been implemented as an alternative curriculum by several medical schools in the United States and elsewhere. Recently, attempts to integrate PBL with lecture-based curricula have created "hybrid" curricula with varying amounts of the philosophical underpinnings of student-centered PBL. Greater clinical and research demands on faculty time threaten to diminish the use of PBL in existing curricula, whereas opportunities for expansion of PBL in medical education are being created by community-based and interdisciplinary education programs.
Compartmentalization in Biocatalysis (2021)

Compartmentalization represents a fundamental tool to control complexity in nature. The biological compartmentalization and substrate channeling, as fundamental principles of life, create distinct microenvironments optimized for specific tasks in cells, enabling complex multienzyme reactions to proceed in a “one-pot” system. As a result, a long-standing goal of synthetic chemistry is mimicking the metabolic processes that facilitate the development of cost-efficient, sustainable multienzyme and multi-catalyst reaction sequences for production of valuable organic compounds. In recent years, the development of systems for the compartmentalization has led to ingenious strategies, from macroscopic approaches through temporal and spatial compartmentalization to microscopic approaches based on nanoreactors. The intense research in areas as diverse as synthetic biology, materials science, and both protein and medium engineering allows to anticipate exciting breakthroughs in this rising field in the coming years, especially with the prospect to meet the parameters of a manufacture setting.
<title>Histogram specification of 24-bit color images in the color difference (C-Y) color space</title> (1999)

Histogram equalization and specification have been widely used to enhance the content of grayscale images, with histogram specification having the advantage of allowing the output histogram to be specified as compared to histogram equalization which attempts to produce and output histogram which is uniform. Unfortunately, extending histogram techniques to color images is not very straightforward. Performing histogram specification on color images in the RGB color space results in specified histograms that are hard to interpret for a particular enhancement that is desired. Human perception of color interprets a color in terms of its hue, saturation, and intensity components. In this paper, we describe a method of extending graylevel histogram specification to color images by performing histogram specification on the luminance (or intensity), saturation, and hue components in the color difference (C-Y) color space. This method takes into account the correlation between the hue, saturation, and intensity components while yielding specified histograms which have physical meaning. Histogram specification was performed on an example color image and was shown to enhance the color content and details within this image without introducing unwanted artifacts.
El uso de un entorno virtual en la enseñanza superior (2008)

La interaccion educativa en la universidad esta cambiando como consecuencia de la adaptacion de nuestro sistema universitario a las directrices marcadas por el Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior (EEES). Esta nueva construccion del escenario europeo de educacion conlleva importantes cambios: desde la revision de la oferta de titulos que sea facilmente comprensible y equiparable, la implantacion de una estructura de estudios superiores basada, principalmente en dos ciclos, el establecimiento de un sistema armonizado de creditos europeos (ECTS), la busqueda de sistemas de promocion de la movilidad, eliminando los obstaculos para un fluido y efectivo intercambio de alumnos y profesores, hasta el establecimiento de sistemas de acreditacion y calidad. Todos estos elementos, que configuran el nuevo escenario de educacion superior, imponen la reorganiza­cion y diseno de un nuevo planteamiento metodologico en la docencia, donde el aprendizaje permanente, la colaboracion y el uso de las TIC como medios para el trabajo semipresencial y a distancia se convierten en los ejes principales de discusion y trabajo. El estudio trata de analizar el uso de la tecnologia en la reestructuracion de los procesos formativos en la ensenanza superior, es decir, en reflexionar sobre el papel del estudiante, del profesor y de los procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje con el uso de entornos virtuales. En el articulo se presentan los resultados mas relevantes del analisis del uso de un entorno virtual en cuatro asignaturas de pedagogia de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) y la Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona (URV), ambas ubicadas en Espana, a partir de las valoraciones realizadas por los alumnos y profesores implicados
Anisotropic phenomena during direct writing with ultrashort light pulses in glass (2001)

New phenomena of light scattering and Cherenkov generation peaking in the plane of polarization during direct writing with ultrashort light pulses in glass are observed. The phenomena are interpreted in terms of angular distribution of photoelectrons, anisotropic index fluctuations and anisotropic diffusion of photoelectrons induced by intense light pulses.
Protein kinase D isoforms are expressed in rat and mouse primary sensory neurons and are activated by agonists of protease‐activated receptor 2 (2009)

Serine proteases generated during injury and inflammation cleave protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)) on primary sensory neurons to induce neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia requires sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels by mechanisms involving phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC). The protein kinase D (PKD) serine/threonine kinases are activated by diacylglycerol and PKCs and can phosphorylate TRPV1. Thus, PKDs may participate in novel signal transduction pathways triggered by serine proteases during inflammation and pain. However, it is not known whether PAR(2) activates PKD, and the expression of PKD isoforms by nociceptive neurons is poorly characterized. By using HEK293 cells transfected with PKDs, we found that PAR(2) stimulation promoted plasma membrane translocation and phosphorylation of PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, indicating activation. This effect was partially dependent on PKCepsilon. By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, with antibodies against PKD1/PKD2 and PKD3 and neuronal markers, we found that PKDs were expressed in rat and mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, including nociceptive neurons that expressed TRPV1, PAR(2), and neuropeptides. PAR(2) agonist induced phosphorylation of PKD in cultured DRG neurons, indicating PKD activation. Intraplantar injection of PAR(2) agonist also caused phosphorylation of PKD in neurons of lumbar DRG, confirming activation in vivo. Thus, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 are expressed in primary sensory neurons that mediate neurogenic inflammation and pain transmission, and PAR(2) agonists activate PKDs in HEK293 cells and DRG neurons in culture and in intact animals. PKD may be a novel component of a signal transduction pathway for protease-induced activation of nociceptive neurons and an important new target for antiinflammatory and analgesic therapies.
Contribution of Swelling, Dye Affinity, Glass Transition Temperature and Other Factors to the Experimental Diffusion Coefficient of a Dye into Poly (ethylene terephthalate) from Various Solvents (1981)

In order to clarify the meaning of dye diffusion into fibres a new diffusion model is introduced which is a combination of the pore model and the free volume model. Using this model, it is shown that the diffusion coefficient obtained experimentally can be described as a function of dye affinity, swelling of the fibre, glass transition temperature and other factors. The validity of this model is confirmed by comparing the diffusion coefficients obtained experimentally in various systems with those calculated using this model.
Comment on "Reconstruction algorithm for high-numerical-aperture holograms with diffraction-limited resolution" (2006)

We comment on a recent Letter by Zhang et al. [Opt. Lett. 31, 1633 (2006)] in which the authors proposed a reconstruction algorithm for high-numerical-aperture (NA) holograms. Such an algorithm has been available for in-line holography for more than a decade. The authors' "achievement" of high NA for digital in-line holography, NA=0.17, is below what was reported already several years ago (NA=0.30) and is considerably lower than what is routinely achieved now. We present reconstructions of holograms acquired with NAs above 0.4 in which we show maximal achievable resolution.
Software-Defined Optical Burst Switching for HPC and Cloud Computing Data Centers (2016)

In this paper, we assess the performance of\ntechniques for optical burst switching (OBS) designed for\nhigh performance computing (HPC) and cloud computing\ndata center networks (DCNs) by using network-level simulation. We consider short-duration bursts using the faster\nswitching technologies that are now available. The modeled switch architecture features fast optical switches in\na single-hop topology with a centralized, software-defined\noptical control plane. Instead of using OBS with traditional\nmethods (i.e., one-way reservation), we consider OBS with a\ntwo-way reservation protocol that results in zero burst loss.\nWe model different workloads with various data rates by\nconsidering different edge-to-core network oversubscription ratios to investigate the performance of such designs\nacross usage patterns. Our results reveal that the proposed\ntechnique shows considerable improvement in terms of\nthroughput and packet loss ratio and comparable performance in terms of delay when compared to traditional\nmethods of OBS
Thermal stability of poly(ethylene‐co‐trimethylene terephthalate)s (2006)

Abstract The thermal stability of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐trimethylene terephthalate) was first studied by thermogravimetry under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. The results showed that the thermal behavior of the copolyester had a strong dependence on the chemical composition. The average activation energy from Ozawa technique increases with the concentration of EG units in the polyester, and a greater TG concentration in the copolyesters would decrease the onset degradation temperature. These phenomena may be attributed to the presence of one more methylene of TG unit than of EG in the copolymer. It is also noted that the yield of solid residue increases with the concentration of EG units in the polymer chain at any heating rate, which may be associated with the content of aromatic ring in the polymer chain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3330–3335, 2006
Oxidative stress markers are increased in patients with mastocytosis (2015)

Our data show that mastocytosis is associated with a state of increased oxidative stress that, in patients with mediator-related symptoms, correlates with mast cell burden as assessed by tryptase. Patients with symptoms presumably have an adaptive response resulting in lower blood levels of AOPPs and AGEs.
EFFECT OF SEVERAL CHLOROPLAST ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN INHIBITORS ON INTERACTION OF Erwinia amylovora WITH SUSCEPTIBLE AND TOLERANT APPLE AND PEAR CULTIVARS (2013)

Fire blight is important disease of pome fruit trees. The role of mitochondrial electron transport chain in interaction of host-pathogen has been verified. The purpose of this research was to study the role of chloroplast electron transport chain in this interaction and to determine the eventual site of pathogen effecter protein(s) influence. For this, effects of several chloroplasts electron transport chain inhibitors including Methylviologen, Glutaraldehyde and Diuron, with various sites of inhibition was evaluated on symptoms progress. All tests were performed and compared on in vitro shootlets of apples, MM-111 (tolerant) and MM-106 (susceptible) and pears, Harrow Sweet (tolerant) and Spadona (susceptible). For distinctness of necrosis causes by inhibitory effects inhibitors from those from pathogen, in a series of primary experiments, the effects of inhibitors concentrations were evaluated on shootlets in absence of pathogen and provided at least 168 h without necrosis of inhibitors. Subsequently, effects of inhibitors were evaluated on necrosis of pathogen after shootlets inoculation. The results showed that chloroplasts electron transport chain inhibitors retarded symptom progress in all tested cultivars. The results confirm previous results observed by uracil inhibition of chloroplasts and represent more evidence for role of this chain in host/E. amylovora interaction. In addition, according to impeding site of inhibitors, NADP reduction complex is the most probable site of
A Fast Chaos-based True Random Number Generator for Cryptographic Applications (2006)

We present the design and the validation by means of state-of-the-art randomness tests of a high-quality true random number generator which internally exploits a pipeline analog-to-digital converter modified to operate as a set of interleaved chaotic maps. Developing the circuit design relying on pipeline A/D technology, which is ubiquity used in all mixed signal systems, allow us to design a fast and very reliable TRNG. A prototype has been implemented in AMS 0.35 mum 2P3M technology and has a nominal throughput of 40 Mbits per second. The active area occupied by the chip is about 0.52 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the power consumption is less than 30 mW
Kinetic Studies on Photodeposition of Polydiacetylene Thin Films from Solution:  Preliminary Determination of the Rate Law (1996)

Preliminary kinetic studies were undertaken on the photodeposition of thin films of a polydiacetylene derivative of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline from monomer solutions onto quartz substrates. Solutions of the monomer, DAMNA, in 1,2-dichloroethane at various concentrations were irradiated at 364 nm using an argon-ion laser at several intensities. It was found that the rate of polydiacetylene (PDAMNA) film photodeposition varies linearly with UV light intensity and as the square root of monomer concentration.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving fatigue, motor function, and pain in people with multiple sclerosis (2021)

Title withdrawn by request of authors.
Concomitant changes in adenylate cyclase and cytolytic activities of lymphoid cells during graft versus host reaction (1975)

Spleen cells from adult F1 hybrid mice undergoing the graft versus host reaction due to the inoculation of lymphoid cells of parental origin showed increased adenylate cyclase activity and cytolytic activity. A time-course study revealed that both the adenylate cyclase and cytolytic activities started increasing at Day 4 and reached maximum at Day 8 of initiation of the graft versus host reaction. Furthermore, the magnitude of both adenylate cyclase activation and cytolytic activity were dependent upon the number of parental cells injected into the F1 hybrid recipients. Elevated adenylate cyclase activity was also observed in spleen cells from irradiated animals undergoing the graft versus host reaction in which the nonspecific, but not the specific cytolytic activity was markedly depressed.
γ-Eliminations Involving Silicon. A New Synthesis of the Cyclopropane Ring (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTγ-Eliminations Involving Silicon. A New Synthesis of the Cyclopropane RingLeo H. Sommer, Richard E. Van. Strien, and Frank C. WhitmoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3056–3060Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A half-key key management scheme for wireless sensor networks (2011)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have recently been in the limelight for many domains. The characteristics of sensor networks have imposed various restrictions on their system designs. Since sensor nodes usually are developed by low-cost hardware, one major challenge in the development of many sensor-network applications is to provide high-security features with limited resources. In this paper, we propose a half-key scheme based on the well-known random key pre-distribution scheme and DDHV-D deployment knowledge to provide resource-efficient key management in wireless sensor networks with reduced memory space requirements and better security enforcement. The capability of the proposed approach is evaluated by an analytical model and a series of experiments.
Evolving approaches to pulsed X-ray sources (2002)

Production of pulsed radiation in the keV-to-MeV range for simulation of the nuclear weapon effects uses pulsed power generators of 1 - 10 TW. Radiation in the high-energy (gamma and hot) part of the spectrum has been obtained using intense electron beams incident on the solid target of high Z material to produce radiation with continuous bremsstrahlung spectrum. Magnetically driven plasma implosions have been used to obtain radiation in the keV (cold) part of the spectrum, characterized by strong line emission. The efficiency of radiation, required for DTRA tasks, relative to stored pulser energy, is only a few percent. Radiation yields in the range of 5 to 60 keV are especially low, regardless of which method of radiation production is used. This article discusses pulsed power diodes employed for production of pulsed x-rays.