gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Texturing of polycrystalline photovoltaic materials using vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (2012)

ABSTRACT In order to demonstrate that three‐dimensional carbon nanotube‐based photovoltaic devices show an increase in power output over similar planar cells, we have produced cells with texturing through the use of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays and cells without this texturing. The output power of these cells at varying incident angles of light was measured. The textured cells show an increase in the normalized power output compared with similar planar cells when the solar flux is at off‐normal angles. The power output versus incident angle curve takes an inverted C‐type curve as predicted by the theory developed previously, with very good agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
An isotherm equation for adsorption on fractal surfaces of heterogeneous porous materials (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn isotherm equation for adsorption on fractal surfaces of heterogeneous porous materialsDavid Avnir and Mieczyslaw JaroniecCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 6, 1431–1433Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00090a032https://doi.org/10.1021/la00090a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1772Altmetric-Citations475LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Viola: Trustworthy Sensor Notifications for Enhanced Privacy on Mobile Systems (2018)

Modern mobile systems such as smartphones, tablets, and wearables contain a plethora of sensors such as camera, microphone, GPS, and accelerometer. These sensors can capture extremely sensitive and private information about the user including daily conversations, photos, videos, and visited locations, raising important privacy concerns. To address these concerns, we present Viola, our design and implementation of trustworthy sensor notifications, which use indicators such as LED to inform the user unconditionally when the sensors are on. We deploy Viola's runtime monitor in low-level system software, e.g., in the operating system kernel or in the hypervisor. Moreover, we use formal verification methods to prove the functional correctness of the compilation of our invariant checks from a high-level language. We demonstrate that Viola incurs almost no overhead to the sensor's performance and incurs only small power consumption overhead. Compared to our previous paper on Viola [1] , we present three important enhancements. First, we design, implement, and evaluate two-way sensor notifications, which guarantee that a sensor notification can be triggered if and only if the corresponding sensor is used. Second, we identify and add protection against concurrency attacks in Viola. Third, we implement Viola for an additional sensor and indicator combination.
Treatment patterns and survival outcomes for small-cell lung cancer patients – a Swedish single center cohort study (2020)

<b>Objectives:</b> This real-world study on small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients aimed to investigate treatment patterns, outcome of re-challenge with platinum doublet chemotherapy (PDCT), and associations between clinical characteristics and survival outcomes.<b>Material and methods:</b> This retrospective single center cohort study was based on patients diagnosed with SCLC between 2008 and 2016 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Patients were divided into two subgroups; limited disease (LD), receiving concomitant chemo- and radiotherapy and extensive disease (ED), receiving palliative PDCT. The progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the interval between the start of CT and the earliest date of documented progression. 'Refractory relapse' (Rr) and 'Sensitive relapse' (Sr) were defined as relapse occurring < or ≥180 days after start of PDCT, respectively. The results for treatment patterns were reported as numbers and percentages of patients, and descriptive analyses including medians and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to assess the relationship between clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS).<b>Results:</b> The study included 544 patients; 408 with ED and 136 patients had LD. The median PFS and OS for ED patients were 5.1 and 7.0, respectively. In the ED subgroup, Sr occurred in 169 patients (41%), with a longer median OS when compared to Rr patients (10.8 vs. 3.6 months). Patients with LD had a median PFS and OS of 12 and 24 months, respectively. Some LD patients did not show a sign of relapse (22%). The majority of LD patients who relapsed had Sr (66%), with a longer median OS when compared to patients with Rr (20.9 vs. 7.8 mo).<b>Conclusions:</b> The survival outcomes for ED and LD SCLC patients correspond to historical data. Patients with Sr after 1st line therapy might benefit from re-challenge with PDCT in the 2nd line setting.
Conversation map (2000)

The Conversation Map system is a Usenet newsgroup browser that analyzes the text of an archive of newsgroup messages and outputs a graphical interface that can be used to search and read the messages of the archive. The system incorporates a series of novel text analysis procedures that automatically computes (1) a set of social networks detailing who is responding to and/or citing whom in the newsgroup; (2) a set of “discussion themes” that are frequently used in the newsgroup archive; and, (3) a set of semantic networks that represent the main terms under discussion and some of their relationships to one another. The text analysis procedures are written in the Perl programming language. Their results are recorded as HTML, and the HTML is displayed with a Java applet. With the Java-based graphical interface one can browse a set of Usenet newsgroup articles according to who is “talking” to whom, what they are “talking” about, and the central terms and possible emergent metaphors of the conversation. In this paper it is argued that the Conversation Map system is just one example of a new kind of content-based browser that will combine the analysis powers of computational linguistics with a graphical interface to allow network documents and messages to be viewed in ways not possible with today's, existing, format-based browsers which do not analyze the contents of the documents or messages.
Remdesivir (Veklury) for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients. (2021)

Although remdesivir has been shown to be safe and well tolerated, there is a lack of consistency in clinical trial results and guideline recommendations.
Using focused ion beam damage patterns to photoelectrochemically etch features in III-V materials (1986)

A method of patterning n-type GaAs, InP, InGaAs, and InGaAsP by photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching in conjunction with a submicron focused ion beam (FIB) at low dose is described. The ion beam is used to produce damage in a desired pattern in the material. Subsequent PEC etching of the material reveals the ion induced features in relief. The procedure is highly sensitive, requiring a dose of only 5×109 ions/cm2 for the differential etch to become apparent. The sensitivity allows rapid pattern generation in our FIB system.
Mapping the twin‐arginine protein translocation network of Bacillus subtilis (2012)

Bacteria employ twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathways for the transport of folded proteins to extracytoplasmic destinations. In recent years, most studies on bacterial Tat pathways addressed the membrane-bound TatA(B)C subunits of the Tat translocase, and the specific interactions between this translocase and its substrate proteins. In contrast, relatively few studies investigated possible coactors in the TatA(B)C-dependent protein translocation process. The present studies were aimed at identifying interaction partners of the Tat pathway of Bacillus subtilis, which is a paradigm for studies on protein secretion by Gram-positive bacteria. Specifically, 36 interaction partners of the TatA and TatC subunits were identified by rigorous application of the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach. Our Y2H analyses revealed that the three TatA isoforms of B. subtilis can form homo- and heterodimers. Subsequently, the secretion of the Tat substrates YwbN and PhoD was tested in mutant strains lacking genes for the TatAC interaction partners identified in our genome-wide Y2H screens. Our results show that the cell wall-bound protease WprA is important for YwbN secretion, and that the HemAT and CsbC proteins are required for PhoD secretion under phosphate starvation conditions. Taken together, our findings imply that the Bacillus Tat pathway is embedded in an intricate protein-protein interaction network.
Comment on “Left-Handed Materials Do Not Make a Perfect Lens” (2003)

In a recent Physical Review Letter [1] Garcia and Nieto Vesperinas (GNV) dispute the claim of perfect lensing made in [2]. The thrust of the GVN paper is that the solutions proposed in [2] imply infinite energy density and are therefore inadmissible. They claim that finite absorption leads to catastrophic collapse of the amplifying solutions vital to focussing and that no useful effect can be achieved. In this Comment I show that, on the contrary, careful consideration of absorption results in solutions that are always well behaved and evolve smoothly and continuously to perfect resolution in the limiting case of zero absorption.
Sensors for Catheter Applications (2004)

Introduction Medical Background Circulatory System Urology Measurement Catheters Navigation Systems Fluoroscopy Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Electric and Magnetic Fields Comparison Between Navigation Systems Sensor Overview Mechanical Domain Chemical Magnetic Thermal Radiation Sensors Electrical Multi-Sensing Packaging Issues Size Working Environment and Patient Safety Packaging Conclusions References
Precompetition Weight Loss and Changes in Vascular Fluid Volume in NCAA Division I College Wrestlers (1998)

This study examined the effect of pattern of weight loss on plasma volume in NCAA Div. I college wrestlers preparing for a tournament. Twelve subjects lost an average of 6% body weight (BW) by thermal and exercise-induced dehydration, but at varying rates during the week of the experiment. After 15 hrs of rehydration, BW was still below baseline, indicating that the wrestlers did not replace all BW loss during the night after a weigh-in. Subjects were grouped into gradual (G), moderate (M), and rapid (R) weight loss patterns by their change in BW from Days 1 to 6. G, M, and R had -1.77, -0.54, and 1.05% Δ in BW, respectively. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between pattern of weight loss and total %Δ BW, with G incurring greater loss in BW. Status of vascular fluid was assessed by measuring blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), red cell volume, osmolality, and total protein concentration ([TP]). Weight loss had no effect on precompetition osmolality or [TP], but significantly reduced pre-weigh-in BV and PV for all 3 groups. All 3 groups had a similar reduction in PV (∼400–500 ml; 11%) following dehydration. Differing weight loss patterns compromise PV equally; thus the rate of weight reduction the week prior to weigh-in has little effect on an elite college wrestler's BV and PV. Yet the negative effects of weight loss practices remain.
Begging the Question: Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of ArgumentationDouglas N. Walton Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991, xv + 360 pp. U.S. $49.95 (1997)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Active Frequency-Noise Reduction of a Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Laser without Optical Frequency Reference (2014)

Frequency-noise reduction of a 4.55-μm distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser is demonstrated using the voltage fluctuations across its junction as an error signal only. A 10-fold reduction of the frequency-noise power spectral density is achieved.
Stimuli‐Responsive Materials: Stimuli‐Responsive Materials with Self‐Healing Antifouling Surface via 3D Polymer Grafting (Adv. Funct. Mater. 36/2013) (2013)

A self-healing, long-lasting, antifouling coating is made by S. Minko and co-workers from antifouling polymers grafted to the surface and inside a polymer network film. On page 4593, they show how, if the grafted polymers are detached from the surface in the course of aging, the antifouling effect is spontaneously recovered by the rearrangement of the internally grafted polymers at the interface. 3D-grafted structures demonstrate four-fold longer stability than 2D surface grafted structures. Cover image courtesy of Ella Marushchenko.
Laser welding characteristics of aluminium alloys for automotive applications (2003)

(2003). Laser welding characteristics of aluminium alloys for automotive applications. Welding International: Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 870-878.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION OF GAMMA‐RAY INDUCED POLYMER FORMATION IN THE CARBORANES PART 6, PHASE EFFECTS IN THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF 1‐ALLYL‐O‐CARBORANE (1975)

Abstract In flüssiger und den drei vorhandenen festen Phasen wird die Radiolyse der Titelverbindung als Funktion der Temperatur untersucht.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic and Computational Investigation of a Possible S···S Interaction in the [Cu3S2]3+ Core (2011)

The electronic structure of the [Cu(3)S(2)](3+) core of [(LCu)(3)(S)(2)](3+) (L = N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-2R,3R-cyclohexanediamine) is investigated using a combination of Cu and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and calculations at the density functional and multireference second-order perturbation levels of theory. The results show that the [Cu(3)S(2)](3+) core is best described as having all copper centers close to but more oxidized than Cu(2+), while the charge on the S(2) fragment is between that of a sulfide (S(2-)) and a subsulfide (S(2)(3-)) species. The [Cu(3)S(2)](3+) core thus is different from a previously described, analogous [Cu(3)O(2)](3+) core, which has a localized [(Cu(3+)Cu(2+)Cu(2+))(O(2-))(2)](3+) electronic structure. The difference in electronic structure between the two analogues is attributed to increased covalent overlap between the Cu 3d and S 3p orbitals and the increased radial distribution function of the S 3p orbital (relative to O 2p). These features result in donation of electron density from the S-S σ* to the Cu and result in some bonding interaction between the two S atoms at ~2.69 Å in [Cu(3)S(2)](3+), stabilizing a delocalized S = 1 ground state.
Microencapsulation of red and white thyme oil in poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid: Assessment of encapsulation efficiency and antimicrobial capacity of the produced microcapsules (2015)

Abstract In this work, microcapsules were formed by coating thyme oil with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA), through a coacervation process recently developed at our laboratory and previously studied for poly lactic acid (PLA). The coacervation method involves dissolution of the polymer (PLGA 50:50) in dimethylformamide. After adding this solution to the oil/water (o/w) emulsion, and due the insolubility of the polymer in water, polymer deposition occurs around the oil droplets and microcapsule formation starts. PLGA was chosen due to its easy biodegradation and biocompatibility. The active principle, thyme oil, is characterized by excellent antimicrobial activity ascribed to the presence of thymol and carvacrol, its major components. Two types of thyme oil (red and white) were microencapsulated and the produced microcapsules were characterized using optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and gas chromatography (used to evaluate encapsulation efficiency). Antimicrobial activity was preliminarily evaluated following ASTM E2149‐01. Microscopy and particle size analysis confirmed the existence of microcapsules with round shapes, smooth surfaces, particle diameters between ∼45–49 μm, and wall thicknesses ∼3.5 μm. Global encapsulation efficiencies of thyme oil (both red and white) were 70 % and 57 %, respectively. The produced microcapsules exhibited a sustained oil release that ensures a level of antimicrobial activity maintenance desirable for cosmetic applications.
Adversarial Initialization - when your network performs the way I want - (2019)

The increase in computational power and available data has fueled a wide deployment of deep learning in production environments. Despite their successes, deep architectures are still poorly understood and costly to train. We demonstrate in this paper how a simple recipe enables a market player to harm or delay the development of a competing product. Such a threat model is novel and has not been considered so far. We derive the corresponding attacks and show their efficacy both formally and empirically. These attacks only require access to the initial, untrained weights of a network. No knowledge of the problem domain and the data used by the victim is needed. On the initial weights, a mere permutation is sufficient to limit the achieved accuracy to for example 50% on the MNIST dataset or double the needed training time. While we can show straightforward ways to mitigate the attacks, the respective steps are not part of the standard procedure taken by developers so far.
Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Is a Potent Orexigenic Agent: Preparation and Mechanism of Activity (2009)

Leptin, a pleiotropic adipokine, is a central regulator of appetite and weight and a key immunomodulatory protein. Although inborn leptin deficiency causes weight gain, it is unclear whether induced leptin deficiency in adult wild-type animals would be orexigenic. Previous work with a potent competitive leptin antagonist did not induce a true metabolic state of leptin deficiency in mice because of a short circulating half-life. In this study, we increased the half-life of the leptin antagonist by pegylation, which resulted in significantly increased bioavailability and retaining of antagonistic activity. Mice administered the pegylated antagonist showed a rapid and dramatic increase in food intake with weight gain. Resulting fat was confined to the mesenteric region with no accumulation in the liver. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and hepatic aminotransferases remained unaffected. Weight changes were reversible on cessation of leptin antagonist treatment. The mechanism of severe central leptin deficiency was found to be primarily caused by blockade of transport of circulating leptin across the blood-brain barrier with antagonisms at the arcuate nucleus playing a more minor role. Altogether we introduce a novel compound that induces central and peripheral leptin deficiency. This compound should be useful in exploring the involvement of leptin in metabolic and immune processes and could serve as a therapeutic for the treatment of cachexia.
Optimizing performance and energy in computational grids using non-cooperative game theory (2010)

There is a lack of generally applicable methods for reducing energy consumption while ensuring good quality of service in distributed computational grids. We study the energy-aware task allocation problem for assigning a set of tasks onto the machines in a grid environment where the conflicting goals of ensuring quality of service and reducing energy consumption makes the machines compete with each other. We propose bidding mechanisms in which the machines have to win in order to maintain a minimum fitness value and thus remain relevant to the system and hence must try their best to meet the goals. The grid manager keeps only those machines that win and eliminate from the pool the ones that are unfit. The proposed algorithm encompasses bidding strategies, fitness calculations, penalties, exit as well as resurrection mechanisms to support a non-cooperative game in which all machines compete to win tasks. The concept of fitness is fundamental to our algorithm, defining a machine's ability to remain in the system. When heterogeneous machines are part of a shared computing resource pool governed by a grid economy, the proposed approach fits very well for achieving conflicting goals. By simulating several machines with diverse architectures and task sets with varying requirements, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and show that it generates short task makespans and reduced energy consumption. The algorithm is extremely fast, takes highly detailed machine and task characteristics into consideration, and outperforms the Earliest Deadline First Scheme in every aspect.
Neuro-ophthalmological function of patients with pineal region tumors approached transtentorially in the semisitting position (1992)

To optimize orientation and operative exposure for aggressive resection, the authors approached pineal region tumors transtentorially with the patient in a semisitting position. In the current report, 12 consecutive patients were evaluated to document operative ocular morbidity referable to the brain stem as well as visual deficits secondary to occipital lobe retraction. Before craniotomy, ophthalmological findings related to dorsal midbrain dysfunction were evident in four of the 10 patients who had previously undergone ventricular shunting. The other patients developed a partial or complete Parinaud's syndrome in the early postoperative period and some suffered additional deficits such as cranial nerve palsies. These deficits improved to varying degrees in all patients. Although each had full visual fields preoperatively, an absolute or incomplete left homonymous hemianopsia developed in the immediate postoperative period. Such visual field deficits fully resolved over a variable period of time in 10 of the 12 patients. One patient has a permanent left homonymous hemianopsia, while another has a left homonymous paracentral scotoma. Eight patients were able to return to preoperative pursuits. While ocular abnormalities related to dorsal midbrain dysfunction are most probably independent of operative approach, visual field deficits attributable to occipital lobe retraction were common in patients after a occipital transtentorial approach performed in the semisitting position. Reading difficulties associated with ocular motor dysfunction due to dorsal midbrain involvement represent the principal long-term neuro-ophthalmological complaint of patients who have undergone pineal region surgery.
Conversion of ion exchange resin to various functional resins and the application in the field of pharmaceutical sciences (2011)

イオン交換樹脂は，溶液に含まれるイオンの分離，脱塩，不純物の除去などに広く利用されている。これらイオン交換樹脂への新しい機能の付与は，さらに多様な分野への応用を可能にする。これまでに，薬学領域での応用を目的として，(１)目的元素との選択的結合性，イオン交換反応性，イオン交換樹脂への強い物理吸着性を有する低分子試薬を用いて，イオン交換樹脂を選択吸着性樹脂へと変換する方法の開発，(２)高性能イオン交換クロマトグラフィー（IEHPLC）のためのカラム充填剤の合成と生体関連物質の分析，(３)アミノメチルホスホン酸型イオン交換樹脂を用いる不溶性高分子スズ錯体の作製と蛋白質の 99mTc 標識への応用，(４) 68Ge 吸着樹脂としての N-メチルグルカミン型樹脂を用いる 68Ge-68Ga ジェネレータの開発と PET 用核種 68Ga の製造，(５)イオン交換樹脂表面での脂質二分子膜構造の構築，を進めてきた。本稿では，これら，イオン交換体の多機能化による薬学領域への応用研究の内容を解説する。