gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protocol for neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice and immune analysis of infected lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (2023)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants and toddlers is a major public health problem. Here, we provide a protocol for neonatal RSV infection in mice and immune analysis of infected lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We describe steps for anesthesia and intranasal inoculation, weight monitoring, and whole lung collection. We then detail BAL fluid immune and whole lung analyses. This protocol can be used for neonatal pulmonary infection with other viruses or bacteria.
DNA Repair Defects in Stem Cell Function and Aging (2004)

Cellular DNA is under constant challenge by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic stress, which results in both transient and accumulated DNA damage and genomic instability. All cells are equipped with DNA damage response pathways that trigger DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and, if need be, apoptosis, to eliminate DNA damage or damaged cells. The consequences of these processes for stem cells can be profound: diminution in stem cell pools, or, because of altered gene expression, an increased chance for stem cell differentiation or malignant transformation. Furthermore, a number of DNA repair abnormalities are linked to premature aging syndromes, and these are associated with defects in the stem cell population. The specific DNA repair systems for which there are data regarding the impact of repair defects on stem cell function include O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous DNA end-joining Fanconi's anemia protein complex, and homologous recombination. It has recently become clear that deficiencies of these processes are associated not only with cancer and/or aging but also with stem cell defects. This discovery raises the possibility of a link between aging and stem cell dysfunction. In this review, we provide evidence for a link between DNA repair systems and the maintenance and longevity of stem cells.
Role of antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2014)

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a long-lasting,relapsing disorder characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and altered bowel habits.Intestinal motility impairment and visceral hypersensitivity are the key factors among its multifactorial pathogenesis,both of which require effective treatment.Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate smooth muscle contraction and endocrine secretion and play important roles in neuronal transmission.Antispasmodics are a group of drugs that have been used in the treatment of IBS for decades.Alverine citrate,a spasmolytic,decreases the sensitivity of smooth muscle contractile proteins to calcium,and it is a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist.Alverine,in combination with simethicone,has been demonstrated to effectively reduce abdominal pain and discomfort in a large placebo-controlled trial.Mebeverine is a musculotropic agent that potently blocks intestinal peristalsis.Non-placebo-controlled trials have shown positive effects of mebeverine in IBS regarding symptom control;nevertheless,in recent placebo-controlled studies,mebeverine did not exhibit superiority over placebo.Otilonium bromide is poorly absorbed from the GI tract,where it acts locally as an L-type calcium channel blocker,an antimuscarinic and a tachykinin NK2receptor antagonist.Otilonium has effectively reduced pain and improved defecation alterations in placebocontrolled trials in IBS patients.Pinaverium bromide is also an L-type calcium channel blocker that acts locally in the GI tract.Pinaverium improves motility disorders and consequently reduces stool problems in IBS patients.Phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol are non-specific antispasmodics that reduced pain in IBS patients in a placebo-controlled trial.Antispasmodics have excellent safety profiles.T-type calcium channel blockers can abolish visceral hypersensitivity in animal models,which makes them potential candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of IBS.
Spectral Engineering with Coupled Microcavities: Active Control of Resonant Mode-Splitting (2015)

Optical mode-splitting is an efficient tool to shape and fine-tune the spectral response of resonant nanophotonic devices. The active control of mode-splitting, however, is either small or accompanied by undesired resonance shifts, often much larger than the resonance-splitting. We report a control mechanism that enables reconfigurable and widely tunable mode-splitting while efficiently mitigating undesired resonance shifts. This is achieved by actively controlling the excitation of counter-traveling modes in coupled resonators. The transition from a large splitting (80 GHz) to a single-notch resonance is demonstrated using low power microheaters (35 mW). We show that the spurious resonance-shift in our device is only limited by thermal crosstalk and resonance-shift-free splitting control may be achieved.
Supplementary Figure from IDO1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer–Associated Depression (2023)

Supplementary Figure from IDO1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer–Associated Depression
Activation of Human T-Helper/Inducer Cell, T-Cytotoxic Cell, B-Cell, and Natural Killer (NK)-Cells and induction of Natural Killer Cell Activity against K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells with Modified Citrus Pectin (2011)

MCP has immunostimulatory properties in human blood samples, including the activation of functional NK cells against K562 leukemic cells in culture. Unsaturated oligogalacturonic acids appear to be the immunostimulatory carbohydrates in MCP.
Matching analysis by voltage-standing waves (2002)

The matching problems are solved in the present analysis by voltage-standing waves on the transmission lines connecting linear lumped circuits. Transmission lines may be single, coupled, uniform, nonuniform, and a combination of these but not RC lines. Simulation shows that the voltage standing wave on a nonuniform line remains even if the total operating loss in 0 dB, when both terminations are the nominal impedances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stoichiometric Reduction of CO2 to CO by Aluminum‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs (2011)

Reducing frustration: The reaction of Mes3P(CO2)(AlI3)2 in the presence of a CO2 atmosphere results in the formation of Mes3P(CO2)(O(AlI2)2)(AlI3) and [Mes3PI][AlI4] (Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2) with the evolution of CO. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transmittance Improvement with Reversed Fishbone-Shape Electrode in Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display (2016)

A polymer-stabilized vertical alignment (PS-VA) mode with fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure is mainly used in large-sized liquid crystal displays (LCDs) owing to its advantages such as wide viewing angle, good transmittance and fast response time. One drawback of this mode is a main bone electrode, which crosses in the center of a pixel. It causes the transmittance to decrease badly because LCs cannot be reoriented in this region, and thus, it is particularly unfavorable in an ultra-high-definition LCD. Here, we propose an innovative structure with the main bone electrode relocated to the edge area in a pixel, and investigate how this reverse directed fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure affects electro-optic characteristics. The proposed structure shows enhanced electro-optic performance, such as the higher transmittance and the faster response time than the conventional VA mode with fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure.
Applying Solar Energy in the Combination of Solar Dryer with Olive Harvesting Machine to Reduce Energy Losses (2022)

In recent years, leveraging the amount of energy loss occurring in different fields of human activity has captured the attention of researchers. Harvesting and drying processes can be integrated in order to reduce energy losses. The present research work seeks to pinpoint the association between the harvesting and drying processes as well as to make optimal use of both processes so as to decrease the level of energy loss and apply the renewable energies to the food supply chain. The olive harvesting machine was designed and evaluated, and the olives harvested in the solar dryer were placed in the solar dryer as the input materials. To obtain the evaluation of the experimental tests’ purpose, Mari cultivar was used. Following this trend was the evaluation of the olive harvesting machine and its comparison with the manual harvesting method. Having separated the olives from the tree through use of the harvesting machine designed and made, a solar dryer was used to accommodate the olives in order to make the final examination concerning any damage to olives. Findings of the study indicated up to 92% separation of the olive fruits by the olive harvester. It was also found that there is a 29.47 harvest efficiency for the olive harvester. In addition, evaluation of the solar dryer emphasized that an increase in the temperature and velocity of the inlet air results in a rapid decrease in the olive moisture.
Development of Manufacturing Technologies for the ITER Toroidal Field Coil: Insertion Processes of Conductors (2017)

Series productions of the toroidal field (TF) coils for the ITER have been launched since Oct. 2013. Prior to manufacturing of the TF coils, preliminary tests and mock-up tests were conducted in order to clarify and confirm the conditions of the welding and machining processes. The ITER TF coil has dimensions of 16.5m height and 9.0m width, and the TF coil weight is more than 300 ton. The tolerance requirements for the manufacture of the TF coils are very strict from a view point of stable plasma confinement. The double pancakes, which are layered up to seven and then contained into the TF Coil case, are formed by inserting winding conductor into a radial plate (RP), grooves of which are machined from the special forging. The RP consists of 10 small segments, and each segment is machined and welded to each other to form sectors, and finally, a D-shaped RP is formed. Therefore, the minimization of deformation during welding and machining processes is a key issue to manufacture the D-shaped RP. As for the preliminary tests for the RP, the requirement of flatness within 1mm was achieved by turning segment several times for balancing machining deformation. As for the RP welding, a laser beam welding (LBW) using a 30kW fiber laser was applied to about a half of the plate thickness of 120mm from both sides to minimize the welding deformation and remained portions are welded by TIG welding from both sides. In the process of winding conductor insertion, length of RP grooves is adjusted by final machining since winding conductors are elongated due to heat treatment before insertion. To minimize the error of length between RP grooves and winding conductors, length of winding conductor after heat treatment is measured and length of RP grooves has to be designed according to results of measurement so that winding conductor can be inserted smoothly and Cover plates (CP), which are used for cover of the winding conductor after insertion, do not interfere with winding conductor. From the above, the manufacturing of TF coils has been realized coping with the challenges by the high technique and kinds of tests.
Heterologous desensitization of the inhibitory A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system in rat adipocytes. Regulation of both Ns and Ni. (1987)

Adenosine, acting via AI adenosine receptors, can inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in adipocytes.To assess the effects of chronic adenosine agonist exposure on the AI adenosine receptor system of adipocytes, rats were infused with (-)-phenylisopropyladenosine or vehicle for 6 days and membranes were prepared.Basal as wel1,as isoproterenol-, sodium fluoride-, and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were significantly increased (-2-fold) in membranes from treated animals.(-)-Phenylisopropyladenosine-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was significantly ( p = 0.0001) attenuated in membranes from treated rats (20.1 f 2.1% inhibition) versus controls (31.6 f 2.3% inhibition).Prostaglandin El-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was also attenuated: 11.7 h 3.623.2 2 4.6% ( p = 0.001).Using the AI adenosine receptor agonist radioligand (-)-Ns-(3-[1251]iodo-4hydroxyphenylisopropyl)adenosine, 32% fewer high affinity binding sites were detected in membranes from treated animals ( p < 0.04).Photoaffinity labeling with N6-2-(3-[1251]iodo-4-azidophenyl)ethyladenosine revealed no gross difference in receptor structure.The number of &adrenergic receptors as well as the percentage of receptors in the high affinity state as assessed by (-)-3-[12SI]iodocyanopindolol binding were the same in both groups.In membranes from treated rats, the amount of [cv-~'P]NAD incorporated by pertussis toxin into the a subunit of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Ni) was decreased by 37 f 11%.Concurrently, the quantity of label incorporated by cholera toxin into the a subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N.) was increased by 44 f 14% in treated membranes.Finally, the capacity of N, solubilized from treated membranes to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity when reconstituted into cyc-549 lymphoma cell membranes was enhanced by -50% compared to control.Thus, heterologous desensitization, manifested by a diminished capacity to inhibit adenylate cyclase and an enhanced
Knowledge-based visualization of myocardial perfusion tomographic images (2002)

A totally automated rule-based expert system developed for interpreting three-dimensional myocardial perfusion distributions obtained from thallium-201 tomographic images is described. Over 200 heuristic rules have been generated for interpreting stress perfusion defects and their characteristics. Perfusion defects are identified in terms of pixels below gender-matched normal patient distributions. Perfusion defects which reversed with time are identified in terms of pixels above gender-matched normal patient distributions. The expert system automatically calculates certainty factors from each perfusion defect to provide the relative certainty associated with the location and shape of each myocardial perfusion defect, as well as with the presence, location, and character of each coronary lesion. Results from a test using a pilot group of 20 patients are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Skeletal muscle-endothelial cell cross talk through angiotensin II (2010)

The role of angiotensin II (ANG II) in postnatal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during skeletal muscle (SKM) regeneration is unknown. We examined the capacity of ANG II to stimulate capillary formation and growth during cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration in ACE inhibitor-treated ANG II type 1a receptor knockout (AT1a(-/-)) and C57Bl/6 control mice. Analysis of tibialis anterior (TA) cross-sections revealed 17% and 23% reductions in capillarization in AT1a(-/-) and captopril treated mice, respectively, when compared with controls, 21 days postinjury. Conversely, no differences in capillarization were detected at early time points (7 and 10 days). These results identify ANG II as a regulator of angiogenesis but not vasculogenesis in vivo. In vitro angiogenesis assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) further confirmed ANG II as proangiogeneic as 71% and 124% increases in tube length and branch point number were observed following ANG II treatment. Importantly, treatment of HUVECs with conditioned media from differentiated muscle cells resulted in an 84% and 203% increase in tube length and branch point number compared with controls, which was abolished following pretreatment of the cells with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The pro-angiogenic effect of ANG II can be attributed to an enhanced endothelial cell migration because both transwell and under agarose migration assays revealed a 37% and 101% increase in cell motility, respectively. Collectively, these data highlight ANG II as a proangiogenic regulator during SKM regeneration in vivo and more importantly demonstrates that ANG II released from SKM can signal endothelial cells and regulate angiogenesis through the induction of endothelial cell migration.
2,3,10,11-Tetraphenyl-1,4,9,12-tetraoxadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-6,13-diene (1996)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C34H28O4, consists of discrete molecules held together by normal van der Waals interactions. The molecule possesses a crystallographic twofold axis passing through the midpoints of the two double bonds of the cyclohexadiene ring. The asymmetric C atoms in the dioxolane rings have an S,S configuration.
Process Intensification in a Double-Pipe Reactor with Additively Manufactured Internal Inserts (2022)

The polycondensation reaction to produce polydextrose can be intensified by using micro-process engineering. Fluid Guiding Elements are additively manufactured internal inserts that have already shown their potential to intensify heat transfer in double-pipe heat exchangers. This study investigated the intensification of the polydextrose yield when these internal inserts were used. Different reactor lengths and internal inserts geometries, as well as different operating conditions, were analyzed. The experiments showed that the reactant concentration had no effect on the product yield. Furthermore, it was shown that the process could be intensified at higher temperatures, with relatively low residence times and lower pressures. It was confirmed that the good heat transfer characteristics of the internal inserts allow them to continuously evaporate water during the reaction and to further reach the required reaction temperature, thus shifting the equilibrium towards the desired product. These findings are of special significance for the optimization of the polycondensation reaction of polydextrose.
Differential contribution of nitrifying prokaryotes to groundwater nitrification (2023)

Abstract The ecophysiology of complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (CMX) of the genus Nitrospira and their widespread occurrence in groundwater suggests that CMX bacteria have a competitive advantage over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in these environments. However, the specific contribution of their activity to nitrification processes has remained unclear. We aimed to disentangle the contribution of CMX, AOA and AOB to nitrification and to identify the environmental drivers of their niche differentiation at different levels of ammonium and oxygen in oligotrophic carbonate rock aquifers. CMX amoA genes accounted on average for 16 to 75% of the total groundwater amoA genes detected. Nitrification rates were positively correlated to CMX clade A associated phylotypes and AOB affiliated with Nitrosomonas ureae . Short-term incubations amended with the nitrification inhibitors allylthiourea and chlorate suggested that AOB contributed a large fraction to overall ammonia oxidation, while metaproteomics analysis confirmed an active role of CMX in both ammonia and nitrite oxidation. Ecophysiological niche differentiation of CMX clades A and B, AOB and AOA was linked to their requirements for ammonium, oxygen tolerance, and metabolic versatility. Our results demonstrate that despite numerical predominance of CMX, the first step of nitrification in oligotrophic groundwater appears to be primarily governed by AOB. Higher growth yields at lower ammonia turnover rates and energy derived from nitrite oxidation most likely enable CMX to maintain consistently high populations.
Fast algorithm for change of ordering of zero-dimensional Gröbner bases with sparse multiplication matrices (2011)

Let I in K[x1,...,xn] be a 0-dimensional ideal of degree D where K is a field. It is well-known that obtaining efficient algorithms for change of ordering of Gröbner bases of I is crucial in polynomial system solving. Through the algorithm FGLM, this task is classically tackled by linear algebra operations in K[x1,...,n]/I. With recent progress on Gröbner bases computations, this step turns out to be the bottleneck of the whole solving process.
Two-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: fixed-focus and antenna-array sensors (1998)

A novel focused active microwave system is investigated for detecting tumors in the breast. In contrast to X-ray and ultrasound modalities, the method reviewed here exploits the breast-tissue physical properties unique to the microwave spectrum, namely, the translucent nature of normal breast tissues and the high dielectric contrast between malignant tumors and surrounding lesion-free normal breast tissues. The system uses a pulsed confocal technique and time-gating to enhance the detection of tumors while suppressing the effects of tissue heterogeneity and absorption. Using published data for the dielectric properties of normal breast tissues and malignant tumors, the authors have conducted a two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational electromagnetics analysis of the system. The FDTD simulations showed that tumors as small as 2 mm in diameter could be robustly detected in the presence of the background clutter generated by the heterogeneity of the surrounding normal tissue. Lateral spatial resolution of the tumor location was found to be about 0.5 cm.
Human Hageman factor (factor XII) and high molecular weight kininogen compete for the same binding site on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (1993)

Factor XII (FXII, plasma concentration 375 nM) is a critical member of the plasma contact activation system and is the zymogen form of FXIIa, a serine protease involved in intrinsic coagulation, complement activation, activation of factor VII, and generation of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin. As such its interaction with cells involved in inflammatory pathways can be of physiologic and pathologic significance. We have studied the binding of FXII to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were incubated with 125I-FXII, and cell-bound factor FXII was measured. FXII bound to HUVEC saturably in a zinc-dependent manner. The optimal zinc concentration was 50-60 microM. Binding of labeled FXII was drastically reduced when a 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled FXII was included in the incubation mixture at time zero or when added at 60 min during a 150-min time course experiment. Quantitative binding experiments indicated a dissociation constant of 144 nM with 10-12 million binding sites/endothelial cell. Unlabeled high molecular weight kininogen (HK) inhibited the binding of labeled FXII with a Ki of 98 nM, whereas unlabeled FXII inhibited the binding of labeled HK to HUVEC with a Ki of 152 nM. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of cell-bound 125I-FXII showed that factor XII underwent limited proteolysis and the molecular weights of the fragments were similar in size to activated FXII. The cell-bound activated factor XII was also able to activate prekallikrein. These data suggest that (i) FXII binds to HUVEC specifically, saturably, and reversibly in a zinc-dependent manner, (ii) HK and FXII may compete with each other for the same cell-surface receptor/s, and (iii) cell-bound FXII is capable of undergoing activation to FXIIa.