gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ytterbium, Thulium Co-doped Fiber Laser at 2 µm (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. A. Brilliant, T. J. Carrig, and K. M. Dinndorf, "Ytterbium, Thulium Co-doped Fiber Laser at 2 µm," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper WB17. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Akt1 and Akt3 but not Akt2 through interaction with DNA-PKcs stimulate proliferation and post-irradiation cell survival of K-RAS-mutated cancer cells (2017)

Akt1 through the C-terminal domain interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and stimulates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in K-RAS-mutated (K-RASmut) cells. We investigated the interactions of distinct domain(s) of DNA-PKcs in binding to full-length Akt1. Similarly, we analyzed potential interactions of DNA-PKcs with Akt2 and Akt3. Finally the effect of Akt isoforms in cell proliferation and tumor growth was tested. We demonstrated that Akt1 preferentially binds to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs using pull-down studies with distinct eGFP-tagged DNA-PKcs fragments that were expressed by plasmids in combination with mCherry-tagged full-length Akt isoforms. These binding studies also indicated an interaction with the intermediate and C-terminal domains of DNA-PKcs. In contrast, Akt3 interacted with all four DNA-PKcs fragments without a marked preference for any specific domain. Notably, we could not see binding of Akt2 to any of the tested DNA-PKcs fragments. In subsequent studies, we demonstrated that Akt inhibition interferes with binding of Akt1 to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs. This indicated a correlation between Akt1 activity and the Akt1/DNA-PKcs complex formation. Finally, knockdown studies revealed that the depletion of endogenous Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, inhibit clonogenic activity and repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA DSBs, leading to radiosensitization. Furthermore, in a xenograft study the expression of shAkt1 or shAkt3, but not shAkt2 in K-RASmut breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed major tumor growth delay. Together, these data indicate that Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, physically interact with DNA-PKcs, thus stimulating the repair of DSBs and therefore protecting K-RASmut cells against IR. Likewise, interaction of Akt isoforms with DNA-PKcs could be crucial for their role in regulating tumor growth.
Shape matching using curvature processes (2003)

The problem of matching two smooth closed contours which are related by deformations that alter their curvature structure is discussed. Deformations typically include protrusions, a result of internal resistance, and indentations, a result of squashing. The author's algorithm establishes correspondences between segments that have not drastically deformed (in the sense of introducing or eliminating protrusions and indentations), and recovers productions that explain how the remaining segments have deformed. Criteria involving metric information, such as the correlation between extended circular images of segments of constant curvature sign, are imposed to select the preferred interpretation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors:  Heteroaryl Modified 1,2-Diarylimidazoles Are Potent, Orally Active Antiinflammatory Agents (2000)

A series of heteroaryl modified 1,2-diarylimidazoles has been synthesized and found to be potent and highly selective (1000-9000-fold) inhibitors of the human COX-2. 3-Pyridyl derived COX-2 selective inhibitor (25) exhibited excellent activity in acute (carrageenan induced paw edema, ED(50) = 5.4 mg/kg) and chronic (adjuvant induced arthritis, ED(50) = 0.25 mg/kg) models of inflammation. The relatively long half-life of 25 in rat and dog prompted investigation of the pyridyl and other heteroaromatic systems containing potential metabolic functionalities. A number of substituted pyridyl and thiazole containing compounds (e.g., 44, 46, 54, 76, and 78) demonstrated excellent oral activity in every efficacy model evaluated. Several orally active diarylimidazoles exhibited desirable pharmacokinetics profiles and showed no GI toxicity in the rat up to 100 mg/kg in both acute and chronic models. The paper describes facile and practical syntheses of the targeted diarylimidazoles. The structure-activity relationships and antiinflammatory properties of a series of diarylimidazoles are discussed.
New Trends in the Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates (2020)

This work concerns recent advances (mainly in the last five years) in the challenging conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fine chemicals, in particular to cyclic carbonates, as a meaningful measure to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and subsequent global warming effects. Thus, efficient catalysts and catalytic processes developed to convert CO2 into different chemicals towards a more sustainable chemical industry are addressed. Cyclic carbonates can be produced by different routes that directly, or indirectly, use carbon dioxide. Thus, recent findings on CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides as well as on its reaction with diols are reviewed. In addition, indirect sources of carbon dioxide, such as urea, considered a sustainable process with high atom economy, are also discussed. Reaction mechanisms for the transformations involved are also presented.
The Etching and Polishing Behavior of Ge and Si with HI (1965)

Studies of the etching and vapor polishing behavior of Ge with HI as a function of temperature, linear gas stream velocity, etch rate, and etchant concentration, indicate that temperature is the most significant parameter affecting the smoothness of the etched surfaces. A less pronounced effect is the occurrence of microscopic pitting above a critical etchant concentration. The other parameters did not appear to affect surface characteristics. Less detailed studies of the HI etching of Si have been used to define practical conditions for the vapor polishing of Si. A qualitative analysis of the requirements for a usable vapor polish and the experimental conditions necessary to quantitatively define the kinetics of solid‐gas etching reactions are presented.
Protection of Catalytic Cofactors by Polypeptides as a Driver for the Emergence of Primordial Enzymes (2023)

Enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions of life. For nearly half of known enzymes, catalysis requires the binding of small molecules known as cofactors. Polypeptide-cofactor complexes likely formed at a primordial stage and became starting points for the evolution of many efficient enzymes. Yet, evolution has no foresight so the driver for the primordial complex formation is unknown. Here, we use a resurrected ancestral TIM-barrel protein to identify one potential driver. Heme binding at a flexible region of the ancestral structure yields a peroxidation catalyst with enhanced efficiency when compared to free heme. This enhancement, however, does not arise from protein-mediated promotion of catalysis. Rather, it reflects the protection of bound heme from common degradation processes and a resulting longer lifetime and higher effective concentration for the catalyst. Protection of catalytic cofactors by polypeptides emerges as a general mechanism to enhance catalysis and may have plausibly benefited primordial polypeptide-cofactor associations.
Hierarchical partitioning of high-level VHDL structures (1994)

A systematic hierarchical partitioning algorithm for high-level VHDL descriptions is proposed. The partitioning algorithm is based on quadrisection. The major contributions of this paper include exploiting the VHDL hierarchy for the local expansion of VHDL entities and the extension of regular quadrisection to a three-stage hierarchical operation. At each hierarchical level, the complexity of our algorithm is linear in the number of nets. The results show that our hierarchical algorithm provides solutions which are better than the min-cut algorithm and compatible with flat quadrisection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Improving the Colloidal and Magnetic Properties (2011)

A considerable increase in the saturation magnetization, M s (40%), and initial susceptibility of ultrasmall (&lt;5 nm) iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by laser pyrolysis was obtained through an optimized acid treatment. Moreover, a significant enhancement in the colloidal properties, such as smaller aggregate sizes in aqueous media and increased surface charge densities, was found after this chemical protocol. The results are consistent with a reduction in nanoparticle surface disorder induced by a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Â© 2011 American Chemical Society.
The impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cell proliferation is independent of GLI1 signaling (2014)

Our results demonstrate that the impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cells is not mediated through modulation of GLI1 expression/activity.
Nonsteroidal lazaroid U78517F in models of focal and global ischemia. (1990)

U78517F is a novel inhibitor of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation that combines the tetramethylchroman antioxidant ring portion of alpha-tocopherol with the amine of the previously described 21-aminosteroids (e.g., U74006F). U78517F inhibited 200 microM FeCl2-initiated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates by 50% at a concentration of 0.6 microM compared with 8 microM for U74006F, 28 microM for alpha-tocopherol, and 43 microM for the ring portion of alpha-tocopherol (i.e., trolox). U78517F is devoid of hypothermic or antiexcitotoxic actions or interactions with known neurotransmitter receptors. When administered intraperitoneally to male gerbils at 10 minutes before and again at the end of a 3-hour period of unilateral carotid artery occlusion, U78517F decreased 24-hour postischemic cortical neuronal necrosis. Neuronal density in the medial portion of the cortex was increased from 34.2% of normal in vehicle-treated animals to 86.3% in the U78517F-treated animals. In the lateral cortical area, the vehicle group showed only 3.3% neuronal survival versus 48.2% in the drug-treated group. In a separate series of experiments with the same focal ischemia model, identical dosing with U78517F enhanced the postischemic recovery of cortical extracellular calcium without any effect on ischemic or postischemic cortical blood flow. The effect on calcium recovery was observed at intraperitoneal doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg. The compound also was effective in partially attenuating 1-week postischemic hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss in a gerbil global ischemia model involving brief (15-minute) bilateral carotid occlusion, but sustained dosing was required. These results document the anti-ischemic efficacy of a novel and potent inhibitor of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and further support a key role of oxygen radicals in postischemic brain damage.
Complexity classification of network information flow problems (2004)

We address the network information flow problem, in which messages available to a set of sources must be passed through a network to a set of sinks with specified demands. This differs from traditional multicommodity flow, because information can be duplicated and encoded. Previous work has focused on the special case of multicasting using linear coding. In this paper, we explore the applicability of network coding to a breadth of problems and consider the greater potential of nonlinear coding techniques. Our main contribution is a taxonomy of network information flow problems. We establish a three-way partition consisting of problems solvable without resorting to network coding, problems requiring network coding that are polynomial-time solvable, and problems for which obtaining a linear network coding solution is NP-hard. We also demonstrate limitations of linear coding: for multicasting, nonlinear codes may employ a smaller alphabet than any linear code and, more generally, there exist solvable information flow problems that do not admit a linear solution.
Clinical Pearls (2015)

Clinical Pearls is designed to help implement evidence-based care at the bedside by summarizing some of the most clinically useful material from select articles in each issue. Readers are encouraged to photocopy this ready-to-post page and share it with colleagues. Please be advised, however, that any substantive change in patient care protocols should be carefully reviewed and approved by the policy-setting authorities at your institution.Delirium is the most common postoperative psychiatric condition in intensive care units (ICUs) and can lead to increased complications and costs. Chevillon and colleagues found that multifaceted education on what patients can expect in the ICU before surgery may decrease delirium and anxiety, and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation. Patients with hearing impairments are at increased risk of postoperative delirium, as well as longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. The authors recommend the following:See Article, pp 164–171What evidence can you use to evaluate whether your patient is tolerating weaning from mechanical ventilation? An increase in cardiac dysrhythmia should be included in this list. Changes in intrathoracic pressure can alter the autonomic nervous system and the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, resulting in changes in heart rate variability (HRV). In a study of HRV during weaning Hammash and colleagues found the following:Although HRV is not presently monitored in real time, it may, in the future be a useful measure of autonomic dysfunction and be one more factor in determining weaning success.See Article, pp 118–127Have you used the Pleth Variability Index (PVI) in your unit to determine how responsive a patient will be to fluid administration, that is, will fluid actually increase the cardiac output?The PVI measures variation in pulse oximetry waveform amplitude during respiration. Since too much fluid may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality and only half of those treated with fluid resuscitation show cardiac output improvement, it is important to know if this index works. In a study to determine the ability of the PVI to predict fluid responsiveness after cardiac surgery Maughan and colleagues found the following.See Article, pp 172–175
Feedforward PID Control of Full-Car with Parallel Active Link Suspension for Improved Chassis Attitude Stabilization (2022)

PID control is commonly utilized in an active suspension system to achieve desirable chassis attitude, where, due to delays, feedback information has much difficulty regulating the roll and pitch behavior, and stabilizing the chassis attitude, which may result in roll over when the vehicle steers at a large longitudinal velocity. To address the problem of the feedback delays in chassis attitude stabilization, in this paper, a feedforward control strategy is proposed to combine with a previously developed PID control scheme in the recently introduced Parallel Active Link Suspension (PALS). Numerical simulations with a nonlinear multi-body vehicle model are performed, where a set of ISO driving maneuvers are tested. Results demonstrate the feedforward-based control scheme has improved suspension performance as compared to the conventional PID control, with faster speed of convergence in brake in a turn and step steer maneuvers, and surviving the fishhook maneuver (although displaying two-wheel lift-off) with 50 mph maneuver entrance speed at which conventional PID control rolls over.
High-power High-speed Road Train System (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the design and development of a high-power, high-speed “road train” (with both on- and off-road applications). The system looks to optimize both high-speed operation and low-speed, close-quarters driving with the introduction of autonomous power modules. Each trailer in the road train has it own electric traction system. When driving on open roads or in open areas, each traction system receives electric energy from the high-powered tractor. However, the individual traction systems allow for distributed tractive effort, improving upon the classic road train. Further, each module has its own independent steering system, allowing for practical implementation of longer trains. Use of longer trains in open areas allows for reduced operational costs, and increased efficiency. When mobility becomes a primary concern or zero emissions operation is needed, small power supplies can allow independent trailer operation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the design and layout of the road train system. Details are provided about the tandem electric axles, with electric differentials and independent steering. New innovations in power electronics, providing high power operation and affordable production costs are discussed. The paper also describes some new concepts for a high-powered tractor.&lt;/div&gt;
Achievable Student Engagement (Individual and Student-Student) in an online module in Social Psychology (2013)

A substantial body of research indicates that the probability students will be effective within both traditional (face-to-face or classroom-based) and Computer-Based Learning Environments (CBLE) is a function of their level of Self Regulated Learning (SRL) skills (Zunbrunn, Tadlock & Roberts, 2011; Winters, 2000). Students who do not possess SRL skills demonstrate enhanced probability of distraction, an inability to deal with the material, cognitive overload and importantly for student engagement, issues with goal orientation and intrinsic motivation. Scaffolding can compensate for some deficiencies in SRL. In the case of CBLEs, students also have problems with software and technology (Jiang et al, 2009). Devolder et al (2012) stress a greater need for Scaffolding in CBLEs than in traditional SRL environments This paper reports on the high levels of student performance, individual student engagement and student-student engagement observed in an online ‘immersion-style’ six-credit module in Introductory Social Psychology undertaken over a two-week period in June 2013. The students interacted with the material and each other from remote sites throughout Ireland. The online module embedded design principles that maximized the use of pedagogical, architectural and technological scaffolds in its construction. The bulk of the cognitive and motivational scaffolds were integrated into the content of 34 Learning Activities (both individual and group-based). Administrative scaffolds were provided in part by an Animated Pedagogical Agent; technological scaffolds were inherent in the architecture of the module. On the basis of feedback from five sources (student performance; individual student activity and student-tostudent interactions monitored by count and content; an online survey, an independently-run focus group, and individual student unsolicited commentary), the authors argue that although Student Engagement can often be no more than rhetoric, with the judicious use of scaffolds, Student Engagement is demonstrably achievable in the case of CBLEs
Quantitative Evaluation and Attribute of Overall Brightness in a High Dynamic Range World (2018)

Brightness is an attribute of visual perception to describe how intense the light entering the eye is. Since human perception is not linearly related to light intensity, characterizing brightness is a challenging task. In Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) imagery, brightness is often quantified using the Average Picture Level (APL) which is the average of all pixels' code values normalized by the maximum signal code value. APL provides a simple and commonly used brightness metric for SDR however its validity for High Dynamic Range (HDR) content has never been assessed. Due to the higher luminance range that HDR supports, HDR content are encoded using a different transfer function than SDR. Thus different distribution of pixel's code values is to be expected between HDR and SDR content. In this work, we evaluate the efficiency of the APL metric to quantify brightness of HDR content. We describe, using patches and professionally graded images, pixel's distribution where the APL fails to distinguish relative brightness between pair of images. To overcome APL shortcomings, we propose a brightness metric based on the geometric mean and variance of an image luma code values. We then conduct two subjective experiments to compare the efficiency of APL and our metric. Results show that the proposed metric predicts more accurately the relative brightness between two frames.
The Floating Radius in Bipolar Fracture-Dislocation of the Forearm (1994)

Ten cases of bipolar forearm fracture-dislocation are presented. Recognition of the full extent of the skeletal, articular, and soft-tissue injuries is essential. Treatment consists of an anatomical reduction and proximal and distal stabilization of the skeleton to achieve control as well as maintain the position of the floating radius segment. The forearm bones can then be maintained in an optimal position to avoid interosseous soft-tissue contracture that will compromise the supination-pronation function of the forearm.
Diffusion studies on a PPQ-CA membrane - a comparison with standard membrane materials (1978)

This report discusses zincate and electrolyte diffusion through a new separator material currently being developed for potential use in alkaline AgO-Zn batteries. (Author)
ANT3D: Simultaneous Partitioning and Placement for 3-D FPGAs based on Ant Colony Optimization (2016)

Three-dimensional technologies offer great promise in providing improvements in the overall circuit performance. This letter introduces a novel netlist partitioning and placement algorithm, named ANT3D, targeting 3-D reconfigurable architectures, based on ant colony optimization (ACO). Experimental results show the effectiveness of ANT3D algorithm as we achieve performance enhancement by 10% on average, compared to state-of-the-art tools, while using significantly fewer through-silicon vias (TSVs). Finally, by taking benefit from the inherent parallelism found in ACO algorithms, it is feasible to notable reduce the execution run-time of our algorithm.
Lactate transport in macrophages (1993)

Macrophages perform phagocytic and effector activities in a number of different tissues. The environment of the inflammatory foci in which they function is often acidic and contains an abundance of lactate. We characterized the ability of thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages to accumulate lactate from the medium and to use this lactate to maintain intracellular energy stores. Lactate uptake was stereospecific for L-lactate and was inhibited by the organic anion transport blocker probenecid but not by concentrations of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid that block anion exchangers. L-[14C]Lactate uptake was not affected by variation of the extracellular Na+ concentration but was enhanced by acidification of the extracellular medium, suggesting that lactate uptake was mediated by a proton cotransport system. The enhanced accumulation of [14C]-lactate seen in medium at pH 6.0 to 6.5 was inhibited by probenecid or by an excess of unlabeled L-lactate. When macrophages were incubated in PBS without glucose for 6 h, intracellular stores of phosphocreatine were 13 nmol/mg of protein, compared with 44 nmol/mg of protein in cells incubated in medium containing glucose. When lactate was substituted for glucose, phosphocreatine stores were 32 nmol/mg of protein. These studies reveal that macrophages take up L-lactate in a pH-dependent manner and that lactate uptake occurs via a probenecid-inhibitable monocarboxylate transporter; they suggest that macrophages can utilize this lactate as an energy source.