gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionally charged Wilson loops as a probe ofθdependence inCPN−1sigma models: Instantons versus largeN (2008)

The behavior of Wilson loops with fractional charge is used to study the $\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence of the free energy density $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ for the $C{P}^{1}$, $C{P}^{5}$, and $C{P}^{9}$ sigma models in two space-time dimensions. The function $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ is extracted from the area law for a Wilson loop of charge $q=\ensuremath{\theta}/2\ensuremath{\pi}$. For $C{P}^{1}$, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ is smooth in the region $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and well described by a dilute instanton gas throughout the range $0&lt;\ensuremath{\theta}&lt;2\ensuremath{\pi}$. For $C{P}^{5}$ and $C{P}^{9}$ the energy exhibits a clear cusp and evidence for discrete, degenerate vacua at $\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}$, as expected from large $N$ arguments. For $C{P}^{9}$ the $\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence is in good quantitative agreement with the leading-order large $N$ prediction $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\theta})=\frac{1}{2}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{t}{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{2}$ throughout the range $0&lt;\ensuremath{\theta}&lt;\ensuremath{\pi}$.
CTAB-GAN: Effective Table Data Synthesizing (2021)

While data sharing is crucial for knowledge development, privacy concerns and strict regulation (e.g., European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) unfortunately limit its full effectiveness. Synthetic tabular data emerges as an alternative to enable data sharing while fulfilling regulatory and privacy constraints. The state-of-the-art tabular data synthesizers draw methodologies from generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and address two main data types in the industry, i.e., continuous and categorical. In this paper, we develop CTAB-GAN, a novel conditional table GAN architecture that can effectively model diverse data types, including a mix of continuous and categorical variables. Moreover, we address data imbalance and long-tail issues, i.e., certain variables have drastic frequency differences across large values. To achieve those aims, we first introduce the information loss and classification loss to the conditional GAN. Secondly, we design a novel conditional vector, which efficiently encodes the mixed data type and skewed distribution of data variable. We extensively evaluate CTAB-GAN with the state of the art GANs that generate synthetic tables, in terms of data similarity and analysis utility. The results on five datasets show that the synthetic data of CTAB-GAN remarkably resembles the real data for all three types of variables and results into higher accuracy for five machine learning algorithms, by up to 17%.
A Novel Analysis of the Peptide Terminome Characterizes Dynamics of Proteolytic Regulation in Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Under Severe Stress (2019)

In healthy cells, proteolysis is orderly executed to maintain basal homeostasis and normal physiology. Dyscontrol in proteolysis under severe stress condition induces cell death, but the dynamics of proteolytic regulation towards the critical phase remain unclear. Teleosts have been suggested an alternative model for the study of proteolysis under severe stress. In this study, horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus</i> <i>japonicus</i>) was used and exacerbated under severe stress conditions due to air exposure. Although the complete genome for <i>T. japonicus</i> is not available, a transcriptomic analysis was performed to construct a reference protein database, and the expression of 72 proteases were confirmed. Quantitative peptidomic analysis revealed that proteins related to glycolysis and muscle contraction systems were highly cleaved into peptides immediately under the severe stress. Novel analysis of the peptide terminome using a multiple linear regression model demonstrated profiles of proteolysis under severe stress. The results indicated a phase transition towards dyscontrol in proteolysis in <i>T. japonicus</i> skeletal muscle during air exposure. Our novel approach will aid in investigating the dynamics of proteolytic regulation in skeletal muscle of non-model vertebrates.
Platform Angle Signal Blind Source Separation Algorithm Based on Wavelet –EEMD Method (2015)

To solve the problem that self-alignment accuracy of platform inertial navigation system will be affected a lot under significant interference, an adaptive blind source separation algorithm based on wavelet -EEMD method is proposed. This method use wavelet decomposition to remove the high frequency signal, and then the EEMD can be used to decompose the target signal. While using wavelet decomposition, an algorithm that using volatility to determine the decomposition layers is proposed, and this method increased the adaptability of wavelet decomposition algorithm. Finally, experiment data validation and some compare are carried on to confirm the proposed method, and the results show that the method has a great advantage, and it can extract the target signals from the disturbed data under significantly interference and greatly improve the alignment accuracy of platform inertial navigation system.
Circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and incident dementia: The Framingham heart study (2019)

Higher circulating FGF23 is associated with an increased risk of dementia, suggesting that FGF23-related biological pathways may play a role in the development of dementia.
Expression of the α- and β-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin by subsets of parathyroid cells in states of hyperparathyroidism (1998)

The alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-alpha) has previously been found to be expressed in hyperplasias and tumours of numerous endocrine tissues including all those involved in MEN-I syndrome except the parathyroid glands. In the present immunohistochemical investigation of 86 patients with various states of hyperparathyroidism, expression of hCG-alpha by subsets of parathyroid cells was shown in 46 cases (54 per cent) including all states of hyperparathyroidism investigated: primary adenoma (n = 34, 44 per cent); uraemic secondary hyperplasia (n = 34, 53 per cent); MEN-I (n = 13, 77 per cent); MEN-II (n = 2, 100 per cent); and parathyroid carcinoma (n = 3, 100 per cent). Although the number of parathyroid cells expressing hCG-alpha was in general low, the occurrence of numerous immunoreactive cells appeared to be concentrated in primary adenoma and MEN-I (20 and 33 per cent of positive cases, respectively). No expression was found in ten normal control glands, except for very rare cells in one case. Expression of hCG-alpha was in part associated with that of hCG-beta, which appeared to be more commonly expressed than hCG-alpha in cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In separate experiments, Bouin fixation was found to preserve the immunoreactivity of hCG-alpha and hCG-beta better than the formalin fixation used in this study, suggesting that the figures may be underestimates. These immunohistochemical results are in agreement with a previous biochemical study showing hCG-alpha and hCG-beta in extracts of parathyroid tumours and extend to the parathyroid glands the otherwise ubiquitous finding of hCG-alpha expression in MEN-I-related neoplasms.
Raman Study of Ring Structures of Chemical Vapor Deposited SiO 2 Thin Films (1995)

Raman spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of SiO 2 thin films formed by various chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Different sizes of siloxane ring structure were successfully detected in the CVD films. The intensity of the Raman scattering band attributable to the three-membered ring ( R 3 ) was found to be a characteristic feature of the film. The deposition method as well as its conditions apparently affected the ratio of the intensity of the R 3 band to that of the R 4 band. From consideration of the etching rate measurement, it is suggested that the R 3 structure can be regarded as a kind of defect of the siloxane network. The constitution of the ring structures given by the Raman spectroscopy is probably a useful indicator of the properties of CVD SiO 2 dielectric films.
Self learning fuzzy models using stochastic approximation (1994)

In this paper a self learning algorithm for fuzzy relational models is proposed. During the learning phase the degrees of possibility for the rules are adjusted such that the variance of the quadratic error is minimised. The algorithm employed is based on the stochastic approximation approach. Two numerical examples, using the gas furnace data from Box and Jenkins (1970), and a nonlinear discrete time system equation prove the good performance of the self learning approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transparent CPU-GPU collaboration for data-parallel kernels on heterogeneous systems (2013)

Heterogeneous computing on CPUs and GPUs has traditionally used fixed roles for each device: the GPU handles data parallel work by taking advantage of its massive number of cores while the CPU handles non data-parallel work, such as the sequential code or data transfer management. Unfortunately, this work distribution can be a poor solution as it under utilizes the CPU, has difficulty generalizing beyond the single CPU-GPU combination, and may waste a large fraction of time transferring data. Further, CPUs are performance competitive with GPUs on many workloads, thus simply partitioning work based on the fixed roles may be a poor choice. In this paper, we present the single kernel multiple devices (SKMD) system, a framework that transparently orchestrates collaborative execution of a single data-parallel kernel across multiple asymmetric CPUs and GPUs. The programmer is responsible for developing a single data-parallel kernel in OpenCL, while the system automatically partitions the workload across an arbitrary set of devices, generates kernels to execute the partial workloads, and efficiently merges the partial outputs together. The goal is performance improvement by maximally utilizing all available resources to execute the kernel. SKMD handles the difficult challenges of exposed data transfer costs and the performance variations GPUs have with respect to input size. On real hardware, SKMD achieves an average speedup of 29% on a system with one multicore CPU and two asymmetric GPUs compared to a fastest device execution strategy for a set of popular OpenCL kernels.
A phase diagram for morphology and properties of low temperature deposited polycrystalline silicon grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (2005)

The fabrication of low temperature polycrystalline silicon with internal surface passivation and with lifetimes close to single crystalline silicon is a promising direction for thin film polycrystalline silicon photovoltaics. To achieve high lifetimes, large grains with passivated low-angle grain boundaries and intragranular defects are required. We investigate the low-temperature (300-475 /spl deg/C) growth of thin silicon films by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) on Si (100) substrates and on large-grained polycrystalline silicon template layers formed by selective nucleation and solid phase epitaxy (SNSPE). Phase diagrams for dilute silane deposition varying substrate temperature and for pure silane varying hydrogen dilution are shown. We will discuss the relationship between the microstructure and photoconductive decay lifetimes of these undoped layers on Si (100) and SNSPE templates as well as their suitability for use in thin-film photovoltaic applications.
Dendritic Cells on the Way to Glory (2018)

There was a time when consensus on the existence of dendritic cells (DCs) was tenuous, when many researchers in the field did not believe that “professional” APCs are involved in the priming of T cell responses. Until the late 1980s, the cellular basis that links Ags, which are generally present
The Utility of Lactulose/Rhamnose Permeability Test in Celiac Disease and High Risk Children (2018)

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune mediated disorder that results in small bowel (SB) damage after consuming gluten containing food in genetically susceptible patients. It has been shown that the SB damage from CD results in increased gut permeability. However, it is not entirely known why only small portion of high risk children who carry the permissive HLA genotype will progress to develop CD. The aims of our study were to assess if siblings of CD patients have increased gut permeability and whether carrying the permissive HLA genotype results in increased gut permeability. Methods: We prospectively recruited three groups of study participants including: 1) children with CD, 2) siblings of children with CD, 3) control group of age matched children. The participants in all 3 groups undergone gut permeability test performed using the lactulose/rhamnose test. Pre, post, and delta rhamnose and lactulose results were calculated for each subject. A pre, post, and delta measurement was also calculated for the lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio (LRR). CD cases and siblings were compared to controls in separate models. Results: A total of 55 participants were recruited into three groups as following; 28 children with CD, 12 siblings of children with CD and 15 age matched controls. The median age of participants was 11 years 3 months, 9 years 5 months and 10 years 2 months respectively in 3 groups. The male to female ratio was 1:2 in CD cases but 2:1 in the other groups. The CD permissive gene was present in 10/12 (83.3%) siblings. In the control group, 7/16 (43.8%) were found to carry the CD permissive gene while 1/16 (6.2%) had equivocal results. Delta-rhamnose value was lower in CD cases when compared to controls and siblings, which was statistically different when compared between CD cases and control (4.7 vs. 45.4, p=0.039) and no difference between controls and siblings (45.4 vs 48.2, p=0.839). Similarly, delta lactulose/rhamnose value was lower in CD cases when compared to controls and siblings, which was statistically different when compared between CD cases and control (0.2 vs. 0.1, p=0.016) and no difference between controls and siblings (0.1 vs 0.1, p=0.186). No differences were observed when further stratifying by CD permission gene status in either group. Conclusion: Gut permeability is increased in children with CD as a result of SB damage, suggesting that gut permeability can be used as a non-invasive test to confirm SB damage in children with positive serology.
Gradual reduction of testosterone using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccination delays castration resistance in a prostate cancer model (2016)

In a previous study aimed to design a novel prostate cancer vaccine, the authors of the present study demonstrated the advantage of combining the adjuvants Montanide ISA 51 with very small size proteoliposomes (VSSP) to promote a significant humoral immune response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in healthy animals. The present study compared the efficacy of this vaccine formulation versus the standard treatment currently available in terms of preventing the development of tumors in DD/S mice injected with Shionogi carcinoma (SC) 115 cells. The results demonstrated that 5 non-vaccinated control mice exhibited a fast tumor growth, and succumbed to the disease within 19-31 days. Mice immunized with the GnRH/Montanide ISA 51/VSSP vaccine exhibited a moderate decline in testosterone levels that was associated with a decrease in anti-GnRH antibody titers, which lead to a sustained tumor growth inhibition. In total, 2 mice in the immunized group exhibited complete remission of the tumor for the duration of the present study. In addition, castrated mice, which were used as a control for standard hormonal therapy, exhibited an accelerated decrease in tumor size. However, tumor relapse was observed between days 50 and 54, and between days 65 and 85, following the injection of SC 155 cells. Therefore, these mice were sacrificed at day 90. The present study concludes that the slow and moderate reduction of testosterone levels observed using the GnRH-based vaccine may delay the appearance of castration resistance in a Shionogi prostate cancer model. These findings suggest that this vaccine may be used to delay castration resistance in patients with prostate cancer.
Hygiënische aspecten bij de introductie van nieuw fokmateriaal op een varkensbedrijf (2007)

Mo dern pig bree ding com pa nies most ly have a high sa ni ta ry sta tus. Ne ver the less, ac qui ring new bree ding stock even from com pa nies with a high sa ni ta ry sta tus al ways im plies cert ain hy gie nic risks. Pur cha sed bree ding stock may car ry in fec ti ous agents which are not mo ni to red on the farm of ori gin, or may be co me con ta mi na ted du ring trans port. SPF or mi ni mal dis e a se bree der pigs have no ac qui red im mu ni ty against the in fec ti ous agents which they are gu a ranteed free of. Thus on ar ri val at the farm of des ti na ti on, they come in con tact with some of the se agents and may de ve lop se ri ous dis e a se symp toms. The re fo re, new ly ac qui red bree ding stock should go into qua ran ti ne on ar ri val, and the premi ses used for the qua ran ti ne should be tho roughly cle a ned and dis in fec ted be fo re arival.
Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart (2011)

The mouse heart is a popular model for cardiovascular studies due to the existence of low cost technology for genetic engineering in this species. Cardiovascular physiological phenotyping of the mouse heart can be easily done using fluorescence imaging employing various probes for transmembrane potential (V(m;)), calcium transients (CaT), and other parameters. Excitation-contraction coupling is characterized by action potential and intracellular calcium dynamics; therefore, it is critically important to map both V(m;) and CaT simultaneously from the same location on the heart(1-4). Simultaneous optical mapping from Langendorff perfused mouse hearts has the potential to elucidate mechanisms underlying heart failure, arrhythmias, metabolic disease, and other heart diseases. Visualization of activation, conduction velocity, action potential duration, and other parameters at a myriad of sites cannot be achieved from cellular level investigation but is well solved by optical mapping(1,5,6). In this paper we present the instrumentation setup and experimental conditions for simultaneous optical mapping of V(m;) and CaT in mouse hearts with high spatio-temporal resolution using state-of-the-art CMOS imaging technology. Consistent optical recordings obtained with this method illustrate that simultaneous optical mapping of Langendorff perfused mouse hearts is both feasible and reliable.
Travel time calculation method for expressway using toll collection system data (2003)

Travel time information is important for traffic control systems. If a toll collection system is adopted, we can calculate travel-time from toll collection system data. Little attention has been given to this because of the following problems. Unusual-data (data deviating from the main distribution of travel time data) removal is difficult. When there is only a small number of data, it is difficult to calculate an appropriate travel time. Japanese expressways have service areas and rest areas. Thus, data for vehicles which have stopped for a long time in a service area or rest area are considered unusual data. Data for extremely short travel times, such as by motorbikes, are also considered to be unusual data. It is important to remove these unusual data. Therefore, this research proposes a method of calculating travel time information using data obtained from toll collection systems.
Extremely strong room-temperature transient photocurrent-detected magnetic resonance in organic devices (2012)

An extremely strong room-temperature photocurrent- (PC- or ${I}_{\mathrm{PC}}$-) detected magnetic resonance (PCDMR) that elucidates transport and trapping phenomena in organic devices, in particular solar cells, is described. When monitoring the transient PCDMR in indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(2-methoxy-5-(2\ensuremath{'}-ethyl)-hexoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV)/Al devices, where the MEH-PPV film was baked overnight at 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in O${}_{2}$, it is observed that $|\ensuremath{\Delta}{I}_{\mathrm{PC}}/{I}_{\mathrm{PC}}|$ peaks at values $\ensuremath{\gg}1$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}{I}_{\mathrm{PC}}$ is the change in ${I}_{\mathrm{PC}}$ induced by magnetic resonance conditions. Importantly, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{I}_{\mathrm{PC}}$ and ${I}_{\mathrm{PC}}$ are of different origin. The mechanism most likely responsible for this effect is the spin-dependent formation of spinless bipolarons adjacent to negatively charged deep traps, apparently induced in particular by oxygen centers, to form trions.
The production of mutagens in cooked foods (1988)

Resolving the genetic architecture of PSP will provide mechanistic insights and nominate candidate genes and pathways for future therapeutic intervention strategies.
Magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal in Ga1−xMnxAs layers studied by polarized neutron reflectometry (2005)

The magnetic anisotropy and the in-plane magnetization reversal mechanism of Ga0.945Mn0.055As thin films, grown on GaAs(001), were investigated. Samples A and B, with sample A grown 45 °C lower than sample B, were analyzed by magnetization hysteresis measurements and polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) magnetization reversal experiments. Magnetization hysteresis loops and temperature-dependent magnetization curves accounted for an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, with a significant out-of-plane magnetization, for sample A, while an in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy with in-plane ⟨100⟩ as easy axes was evidenced for sample B. PNR magnetization reversal experiments showed the occurrence of a spin-flip maximum upon magnetization reversal only for sample B. A mechanism of magnetization reversal proceeding by 180° domain-wall nucleation and propagation is proposed for sample A, while an incoherent rotation mechanism by 90° domains is proposed for sample B. The reversal mechanism is shown to be correlated to the anisotropy of the samples which depends on the T∕Tc ratio.
Computationally efficient winding loss calculation with multiple windings, arbitrary waveforms, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional field geometry (2001)

The squared-field-derivative method for calculating eddy-current (proximity-effect) losses in round-wire or litz-wire transformer and inductor windings is derived. The method is capable of analyzing losses due to two-dimensional and three-dimensional field effects in multiple windings with arbitrary waveforms in each winding. It uses a simple set of numerical magnetostatic field calculations, which require orders of magnitude less computation time than numerical eddy-current solutions, to derive a frequency-independent matrix describing the transformer or inductor. This is combined with a second, independently calculated matrix, based on derivatives of winding currents, to compute total AC loss. Experiments confirm the accuracy of the method.
Editor’s Introduction: Historical Concreteness, or Speculative Abstraction? (2002)

Introduction to the current issue, including editor's picks. Peterson publishes his remarks given at a debate organized under the auspices of the Society of Evangelical Philosophers. Basically, he believes that the very choice of “theology” as a focus of the debate grants an importance to that particular area of intellectual activity that Latter-day Saints and early Christians do not share with more sophisticated critics. Organizations attempting a “ministry of reconciliation” instead appear to attack.