gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Antigenic Methods for Differential Diagnosis of Bovine, Caprine, and Cervine Alphaherpesviruses Related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (2004)

The control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis induced by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) requires sensitive and specific diagnostic assays. As BoHV-1 is antigenically and genetically related to four other alphaherpesviruses of ruminants-namely, BoHV-5, caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (CvHV-1) and CvHV-2-diagnostic tests able to discriminate BoHV-1 from these related viruses are needed to avoid misdiagnosis, especially because some of these viruses are able to cross the species barrier. In this study, murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for BoHV-1, BoHV-5, CpHV-1, CvHV-1, and CvHV-2 were produced with the aim of setting up an immunofluorescence assay able to discriminate between these related herpesviruses. Produced MAbs were selected for their viral specificity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence staining of virus-infected cells. Radioimmunoprecipitation characterization of the selected MAbs revealed that four of them are directed against glycoprotein C (gC) and one of them is directed against gD of these related viruses. The obtained results demonstrate that the antibodies produced allow an unambiguous discrimination of each of the four alphaherpesviruses related to BoHV-1.
Efficient Resolution of Enantiomers by Coupling Preferential Crystallization and Dissolution. Part 2: A Parametric Simulation Study to Identify Suitable Process Conditions (2013)

For pairs of enantiomers crystallizing as a conglomerate, several process strategies can be used to resolve them by preferential crystallization (PC). Usually, a main limitation is the nucleation of the counter enantiomer, which restricts productivities. The performance of PC can be strongly increased, when crystallization and selective dissolution are combined by coupling two crystallizers via the liquid phase. In doing so, one crystallizer contains a saturated racemic suspension, while the other is in a supersaturated state and initially seeded with pure enantiomer. The crystallization of the seeds in the corresponding tank leads to a transient undersaturation in the other tank and, thus, to a selective dissolution from the racemate. Due to the exchange of solution, crystallization is accelerated, while the solid racemate is purified.The process described, has been investigated in detail using a well-established population balance model, which was shown to be in good agreement with experimental results presented recently in ref 1. A parametric study was done, which revealed regions, in which the process can be operated at high productivity, yielding both enantiomers in pure form. The achieved understanding of the influence of the investigated process parameters on the performance can help to further improve and optimize the process.
Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln (2001)

Wagner P. Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln. In: Hess W, Stöber K, eds. &lt;em&gt;Tagungsband Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung ESSV 2001&lt;/em&gt;. Vol 22. Bonn, Germany; 2001: 329-338.
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: A review of U.S. treatment guidelines (2006)

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a common complication of viral upper respiratory tract infections and is associated with a significant socioeconomic burden. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ABRS have been produced in association with a number of societies in the United States; these guidelines aim to promote the rational selection of antibiotic therapy to optimize clinical outcomes while minimizing the potential for selection of antibiotic resistance. This article provides an overview of current U.S. guidelines for the treatment of ABRS, focusing on the impact of antibiotic resistance on treatment options.
An Improved Procedure for Preparing 1-Methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime Chloride (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Procedure for Preparing 1-Methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime ChlorideRobert I. Ellin, David. Easterday, and Albert A. KondritzerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 2, 404–405Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01237a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01237a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effectiveness and Safety of Antiemetic Aprepitant in Japanese Patients Receiving High-Dose Chemotherapy Prior to Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2013)

For patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist combined with dexamethasone is a standard antiemetic therapy. Despite this prophylactic anti-emetic treatment, many patients still suffer from uncontrollable emesis. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the antiemetic effectiveness and safety of aprepitant (a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist) in addition to 5-HT3 antagonist in Japanese patients with hematologic malignancy receiving high-dose chemotherapy prior to autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT). Twenty-six patients received aprepitant and granisetron (the aprepitant group), whereas, 22 patients received granisetron alone (the control group). All patients received 3 mg of granisetron intravenously 30 min before chemotherapy administration. Patients in the aprepitant group additionally received 125 mg of aprepitant 60-90 min before administration of the first moderately to highly emetogenic chemotherapy. On the next day or thereafter, 80 mg of aprepitant was administered in the morning until the last administration of moderately to highly emetogenic anticancer drugs. The percentage of patients who achieved complete response (CR), defined as no emesis with only grade 1-2 nausea, in the aprepitant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (42% vs. 5%, p=0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that non-prophylactic use of aprepitant was significantly associated with non-CR. The frequencies of adverse drug events (ADEs) were not significantly different between two groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the addition of aprepitant to granisetron can improve the antiemetic effect without increasing ADEs in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy prior to auto-PBSCT.
An Autosomal Dominant Bull’s-Eye Macular Dystrophy (MCDR2) that Maps to the Short Arm of Chromosome 4 (2003)

A new locus was identified for a bull's-eye macular dystrophy on the short arm of chromosome 4.
Encrypting virtual memory (2000)

In modern operating systems, cryptographic file systems can protect confidential data from unauthorized access. However, once an authorized process has accessed data from a cryptographic file system, the data can appear as plaintext in the unprotected virtual memory backing store, even after system shutdown. The solution described in this paper uses swap encryption for processes in possession of confidential data. Volatile encryption keys are chosen randomly, and remain valid only for short time periods. Invalid encryption keys are deleted, effectively erasing all data that was encrypted with them. April 25, 2000 Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan 519 West William Street Ann Arbor, MI 48103-4943 Encrypting Virtual Memory Niels Provos Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan provos@citi.umich.edu Abstract In modern operating systems, cryptographic file systems can protect confidential data from unauthorized access....
Atmospheric Hazards and Fatal Accidents in Confined Spaces (2018)

In the US, accidents involving confined spaces claim an estimated 200 victims per year across industry, agriculture, and the home. The Division of Safety Research of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) commissioned the first quantitative analysis of accidents that occurred in confined spaces. This chapter illustrates the importance of preexisting conditions as causative agents in accidents associated with confined workspaces and confined atmospheres. It aims to develop information about the fundamental elements that comprise these accidents. This information could provide the basis for a model to describe the etiology of these accidents and to identify and highlight areas of deficiency. Accidents associated with confined spaces and confined atmospheres are complex events. They include elements from several areas: technical, procedural, and social. The technical and procedural elements, and the challenges that they pose, are more readily apparent than the social ones. Technical elements include: temporal aspects, characteristics of the space, and conditions at time of entry.
Improvements in the observed intensity correlation of optical parametric oscillator twin beams (1991)

We report an observed quantum noise reduction of 86% (8.5 dB) near 3 MHz in the intensity difference between the twin beams generated by a nondegenerate type II optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold.
Idiopathic bile acid catharsis. (1976)

In the course of extensive routine screening for bile acid malabsorption a few patients were detected in whom chronic diarrhoea was apparently induced by excess bile acid loss which was neither associated with demonstrable conventional ileopathy nor with any other disorder allied to diarrhoea. In three patients subjected to scrutiny the results obtained were in harmony with a concept of idiopathic bile acid catharsis. Ingestion of cholestyramine was followed by immediate relief, but the diarrhoea recurred whenever this treatment was withdrawn. It it suggested that idiopathic bile acid catharsis should be suspected in patients with unexplained chronic diarrhoea and especially in those with a diagnosis of irritable colon with diarrhoea.
4: Effects of minor histocompatibility antigen mismatching on clinical outcome in HLA-matched, unrelated stem cell transplants (2007)

This study assessed the effect of single and multiple minor histocompatibility antigen (mHAg) mismatches on outcomes of 730 unrelated donor, HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 allele-matched transplants facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) between 1996 and 2003. The study population included patients with acute and chronic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone marrow was the predominant source of hematopoietic cells (85%). All patients received myeloablative conditioning regimens and calcineurin inhibitor-based graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. The median follow-up was 5 years (range: 0.9-8.9). DNA samples from both donor and recipient were obtained from the NMDP Research Sample Repository and genotyped for mHAg including: HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-8, HB-1, and CD31. Patients carrying multiple relevant HLA alleles were evaluated for the impact of multiple mHAg mismatches. Numbers of recipient/donor pairs mismatched for each mHAg and power to detect a difference in survival rates are indicated in Table 1. Primary outcomes included grades II-IV acute GvHD and survival; secondary outcomes tested included chronic GvHD, engraftment, and relapse. Single disparities at HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-8, HB-1 and CD31 were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes analyzed. Significant associations with transplant outcomes were observed only when disparities existed at multiple mHAg loci. Significantly lower survival was observed for individuals mismatched for both CD31 and HA-3 in the GvH direction versus those matched (RR=2.01, 95% CI=(1.14-3.55, p=0.017) or mismatched at a single locus for these mHAg (RR=2.38, 95% CI=(1.32-4.35), p=0.0043). In addition, pairs mismatched at both CD31 and HA-3 in the GvH direction exhibited higher transplant related mortality (TRM) than pairs mismatched at a single locus (RR=2.50, 95% CI=(1.27-4.76), p=0.009). The results for single mHAg mismatches at HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-8, HB-1 and CD31 show no evidence of an effect on outcomes, but the power is limited by the population size (Table 1). However, multiple mHAg mismatches are associated with significantly lower survival and increased TRM when considering HA-3 and CD31 under the HLA-A*01 restriction.Table 1Study SummarymHAgHLA RestrictionmHAg Matched PairsmHAg Mismatched Pairsp-Value (Log rank test)Power to Detect Difference in SurvivalHA-1A*02 (N=430)2282020.2585%HA-2A*02 (N=430)397330.556%HA-3A*01 (N=327)249780.05445%HA-8A*02 (N-430)2691610.945%HB-1A*44 (N=257)1291280.796%CD31Unknown2864440.3017% Open table in a new tab
Accuracy Tests Of American Put Valuation Models For Pharmaceutical Equity Options (2011)

This study compares the performance of the Macmillan (1986), Barone-Adesi and Whaley (1987) MBAW model, Ju and Zhong (1999) MQuad model, Black-Scholes model and Put-Call Parity in pricing American put options of pharmaceutical companies. These are evaluated using actual option prices for three companies over 2000 to 2005, as opposed to the previous use of generated binomial option pricing data. We compare the forecasting accuracy by maturity, moneyness, and variance estimate. Contrary to Ju and Zhong (1999), we find that the MBAW outperforms the other models for at-the-money, and out-of-the-money options. The MQuad model performs best for in-the-money options. However, in this case both the MBAW and MQuad models estimates are very similar. Our results are consistent irrespective of option maturities and volatility estimates. These findings raise questions regarding the practice of using actual prices as the true value, compared to the previous results that use simulated prices.
Knowledge-based risk assessment for intelligent vehicles (2006)

In order to set up assistance systems in intelligent vehicles or to control an autonomous vehicle a number of cognitive functions has to be realized in an integrated architecture. In this paper we propose a knowledge-based risk assessment procedure in order to identify objects which might be dangerous for the own vehicle. Having an advanced vision system with gaze control in mind a knowledge-based risk assessment can determine where to concentrate the attention. The approach is evaluated by simulating different traffic scenes.
End-to-end scene text recognition (2011)

This paper focuses on the problem of word detection and recognition in natural images. The problem is significantly more challenging than reading text in scanned documents, and has only recently gained attention from the computer vision community. Sub-components of the problem, such as text detection and cropped image word recognition, have been studied in isolation [7, 4, 20]. However, what is unclear is how these recent approaches contribute to solving the end-to-end problem of word recognition. We fill this gap by constructing and evaluating two systems. The first, representing the de facto state-of-the-art, is a two stage pipeline consisting of text detection followed by a leading OCR engine. The second is a system rooted in generic object recognition, an extension of our previous work in [20]. We show that the latter approach achieves superior performance. While scene text recognition has generally been treated with highly domain-specific methods, our results demonstrate the suitability of applying generic computer vision methods. Adopting this approach opens the door for real world scene text recognition to benefit from the rapid advances that have been taking place in object recognition.
Mechanism of Ceramic-Like Friction of Quasicrystal-Reinforced Al Matrix Composites Formed by In Situ Directed Energy Deposition (2021)

Abstract The wear of aluminum alloy may be decreased by its reinforcement with quasicrystals (QCs) prepared by melt, which in itself has good wear-resisting properties. This research paper considers the part played by a dense Al-Fe-Cr QC reinforced Al matrix composite fabricated by the directed energy deposition (DED) in reducing wear between sliding surfaces and discusses briefly some of the factors which, in practice, explain ceramic-like properties of quasicrystal including low friction and wear resistance. The hardness of reinforcement phases, QC Al91Fe4Cr5 and Al13(Fe, Cr)4, was up to ∼91 and ∼112 HV respectively, while the Al matrix was just ∼70 HV. Furthermore, the reinforcement phases contributed to form the mechanical mixing layer (MML) which significantly decreased the coefficient of friction (COF) and improves the wear resistance. With the increase of load from 1 N to 5 N, the COF dropped from 0.82 to 0.33 because the higher load was beneficial to the formation of harder and denser MML. Through the comprehensive analysis of the wear test and worn surface, the wear behavior and mechanism of this QC-reinforced Al matrix composite have been explained in detail. The results indicate that the quasicrystal-reinforced Al matrix composites formed by DED are one of the promising wear-resistance materials.
A FACILE ONE-POT SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AZIRIDINES AND THIAZINES FROM 1,3-DIARYLPROP-2-ENONES (2001)

Abstract The title compounds 1a,b as examples for acyclic alkenones were utilized for the synthesis of some heterocycles namely, thiazines 2a,b and 3a-d, pyrimidines 4a,b. aziridines 7a,b. The unexpected tribromides 8a,b, obtained from bromination of 1a,b, were readily used to afford the pyrazoles 9a,b and isoxazoles 10 a,b. Biological screening of some selective synthesised compounds was determined in vitro using Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
Cooperative and Competitive Multi-Agent Systems: From Optimization to Games (2022)

Multi-agent systems can solve scientific issues related to complex systems that are difficult or impossible for a single agent to solve through mutual collaboration and cooperation optimization. In a multi-agent system, agents with a certain degree of autonomy generate complex interactions due to the correlation and coordination, which is manifested as cooperative/competitive behavior. This survey focuses on multi-agent cooperative optimization and cooperative/non-cooperative games. Starting from cooperative optimization, the studies on distributed optimization and federated optimization are summarized. The survey mainly focuses on distributed online optimization and its application in privacy protection, and overviews federated optimization from the perspective of privacy protection mechanisms. Then, cooperative games and non-cooperative games are introduced to expand the cooperative optimization problems from two aspects of minimizing global costs and minimizing individual costs, respectively. Multi-agent cooperative and non-cooperative behaviors are modeled by games from both static and dynamic aspects, according to whether each player can make decisions based on the information of other players. Finally, future directions for cooperative optimization, cooperative/non-cooperative games, and their applications are discussed.
Large anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic insulator-topological insulator heterostructures (2014)

We demonstrate the van der Waals epitaxy of the topological insulator compound Bi2Te3 on the ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6. The layers are oriented with (001)Bi2Te3||(001)Cr2Ge2Te6 and (110)Bi2Te3||(100)Cr2Ge2Te6. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicates the formation of a sharp interface. At low temperatures, bilayers consisting of Bi2Te3 on Cr2Ge2Te6 exhibit a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Tilted field studies of the AHE indicate that the easy axis lies along the c-axis of the heterostructure, consistent with magnetization measurements in bulk Cr2Ge2Te6. The 61 K Curie temperature of Cr2Ge2Te6 and the use of near-stoichiometric materials may lead to the development of spintronic devices based on the AHE.
Portugal’s Impact on Africa (1999)

In the year 1488 Bartholomew Dias became the first European mariner to sail the entire length of the Atlantic and reach the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. A century later Bartholomew’s grandson Paulo followed in his wake and disembarked on the coast of Angola bent on conquering an empire in Africa. Five hundred years after the epic voyage a replica of Bartholomew’s ship retraced his route in 1988. This chapter, written for History Today on the occasion of that anniversary exploit, examines the long-term economic consequences of the opening of the Atlantic and explores the origins of modern colonialism.
A flexible MEMS technology and its first application to shear stress sensor skin (2002)

A new microfabrication technology that enables the integration of MEMS devices on a flexible polyimide skin has been developed. Mechanically, the flexible skin consists of many individual Si islands (necessary for silicon MEMS/electronics devices) that are connected together by a thin/thick polyimide film (typically 1-100 /spl mu/m thick). To create the islands, Si diaphragms are first formed with a desirable thickness (10-500 /spl mu/m) by Si wet etching and then patterned from the back side by reactive ion etching (RIE). As a first application, flexible shear-stress sensor skins for aerodynamics study have been fabricated. The finished skin is 3 cm long and 1 cm wide, and it consists of about 100 sensors. The skin polyimide is 17 /spl mu/m thick and the silicon islands are 75 /spl mu/m thick. These skins have been successfully taped on a semi-cylindrical (1.3 cm diameter) delta wing leading edge to perform real-time 2-D shear stress profiling.
United States v. Booker: System Failure or System Fix? (2011)

Six years ago, the Supreme Court held in United States v. Booker that the mandatory sentencing guidelines system was unconstitutional. Since this decision, Congress has given a great deal of attention to federal sentencing and the changes that have resulted from Booker and its progeny. Recently, the Committee on the Judiciary’s Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, of which I am the ranking member, held a hearing to examine what has happened during the six years after Booker. Despite what critics of the decision and those wary of judicial discretion claim, the Booker decision did not create a problem that needs fixing. Booker was the fix—not the problem. This is even clearer today than it was at the time Booker was decided. Yet the discourse in Congress on federal sentencing and Booker has not changed and, in some ways, has become more distorted. After more than thirty years of working on criminal justice reform at the state and federal level, I have learned that when it comes to crime policy, we have a choice—we can reduce crime or we can play politics. Reducing crime requires science and evidence-based strategies that have been proven to positively impact crime statistics. Playing politics, on the other hand, involves basing crime policy on slogans and sound bites that appeal to emotion. “Three strikes, you’re out,” “life without parole,”