gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mossbauer Analysis of Low-Temperature Bainite (2005)

Low‐temperature bainite, obtained by the transformation of austenite at temperatures as low as 200°C for times as large as several days, has been reported to have extraordinary mechanical properties including the highest reported hardness of any bainitic steel. The unusual properties are a consequence of the fine scale of the microstructure, which contains bainite plates with thickness in the range 20–40 nm. The microstructure also contains carbon‐enriched retained austenite which contributes to the properties via a number of mechanisms. In this work, the microstructure of a high carbon bainitic steel with Si to avoid cementite precipitation and Co to accelerate the transformation has been studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy for a series of samples transformed isothermally at 200°C for time periods of 26, 34 and 96 hours. The total austenite content is almost identical (∼13 wt%) for these samples although the carbon concentrations of the phases differ as a function of transformation time. The austenite increases its carbon content from 5.4 atomic % after 26 h transformation to 6.3 at.% after 96 h, while the final bainitic phase retains about 2.2 at.% of C. These results are consistent with data obtained using atom probe tomography for samples transformed isothermally for 12 days.
Long‐term balanced fertilization increases the soil microbial functional diversity in a phosphorus‐limited paddy soil (2014)

The influence of long-term chemical fertilization on soil microbial communities has been one of the frontier topics of agricultural and environmental sciences and is critical for linking soil microbial flora with soil functions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and a functional gene array, geochip 4.0, were used to investigate the shifts in microbial composition and functional gene structure in paddy soils with different fertilization treatments over a 22-year period. These included a control without fertilizers; chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N); N and phosphate (NP); N and potassium (NK); and N, P and K (NPK). Based on 16S rRNA gene data, both species evenness and key genera were affected by P fertilization. Functional gene array-based analysis revealed that long-term fertilization significantly changed the overall microbial functional structures. Chemical fertilization significantly increased the diversity and abundance of most genes involved in C, N, P and S cycling, especially for the treatments NK and NPK. Significant correlations were found among functional gene structure and abundance, related soil enzymatic activities and rice yield, suggesting that a fertilizer-induced shift in the microbial community may accelerate the nutrient turnover in soil, which in turn influenced rice growth. The effect of N fertilization on soil microbial functional genes was mitigated by the addition of P fertilizer in this P-limited paddy soil, suggesting that balanced chemical fertilization is beneficial to the soil microbial community and its functions.
Long‐term effects of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients (2002)

This study suggests that osteoporosis, unfavourable body composition, sexual dysfunction and reduced quality of life are seen in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for at least 12 months. Longitudinal studies in this patient population will shed further light on the timing of the development and the extent of these complications. Meanwhile, this information will assist both physicians and patients with prostate cancer to make informed decisions regarding androgen deprivation therapy.
Paracrine control of vascular innervation in health and disease (2011)

Proper vascular regulation is of paramount importance for the control of blood flow to tissues. In particular, the regulation of peripheral resistance arteries is essential for several physiological processes, including control of blood pressure, thermoregulation and increase of blood flow to central nervous system and heart under stress conditions such as hypoxia. Arterial tone is regulated by the periarterial autonomic nervous plexus, as well as by endothelium-dependent, myogenic and humoral mechanisms. Underscoring the importance of proper vascular regulation, defects in these processes can lead to diseases such as hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, Raynaud's phenomenon, defective thermoregulation, hand-foot syndrome, migraine and congestive heart failure. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of the periarterial nerve plexus, retrograde and localized signalling at neuro-effector junctions, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular regulation and adult plasticity and maintenance of periarterial innervation. We particularly highlight a newly discovered role for vascular endothelial growth factor in the structural and functional maintenance of arterial neuro-effector junctions. Finally, we discuss how defects in neuronal vascular regulation can lead to disease.
A comparative study between glutaraldehyde-preserved aortic and pulmonary heterograft valves in the tricuspid position in dogs. (1976)

Morphological observations have been presented on 10 metaperiodate-glutaraldehyde-preserved aortic heterograft valves and 5 pulmonary heterograft valves implanted into the tricuspid position for periods ranging from 7 to 183 days. It is recognized that there was a relatively minimal histological change in pulmonary valves. However, calcification of implanted aortic cusps was observed in 20% (2 out of 10) of cases and high incidence of thrombus formation on aortic cusps was recognized, although there were none on pulmonary cusps. It seems reasonable to presume that the high incidence of thrombus formation on the aortic valves is primarily due to the decreased pliability and stiffness of the cusps. It is concluded that the pulmonary valves rather than the aortic valves are recommended for tricuspid valve replacement.
Growth suppression and toxicity induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in type 5 adenovirus-transformed rat embryo cells correlate directly with transformation progression. (1994)

The active component of the honeybee hive product propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), induces a selective growth suppressive and toxic effect toward cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells transformed by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) or the Ad5 E1A transforming gene versus untransformed cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells (Z-z. Su et al., Mol. Carcinog., 4: 231-242, 1991). The present study was conducted to determine whether CAPE-induced growth suppression/toxicity was a direct result of expression of the Ad5 E1A and E1B transforming genes or a consequence of the action of these genes resulting in the transformed state. For this investigation we used somatic cell hybrids and 5-azacytidine-treated Ad5-transformed rat embryo cells that display different stages of expression of the transformed phenotype. This series of cell lines has permitted us to determine whether expression of the transformed state and the stage of transformation progression regulates CAPE sensitivity. Evidence is presented indicating that sensitivity to CAPE is directly determined by the state of expression of the transformed progression phenotype, as opposed to simply the expression of the Ad5 E1A and E1B transforming genes. These results provide further evidence that CAPE may represent a unique compound that can specifically target progressed transformed cells for growth suppression and toxicity. An understanding of the mechanism underlying this selective effect of CAPE could result in the identification of important biochemical pathways mediating cellular transformation and progression of the transformed state.
Propranolol-Insulin Stimulation Test in the Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency (1974)

Intravenous injection of insulin during the infusion of propranolol was evaluated as a test for growth hormone (GH) reserve in 18 patients with short stature who failed to respond adequately to insulin alone. In control normal subjects tested, the propranolol-insulin stimulation test produced a significantly higher GH rise than did the standard insulin test. In 10 patients with pituitary dwarfism (organic or idiopathic hypopituitarism with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency), peak GH levels were less than 6 ng/ml in the standard insulin or arginine test and were less than 7 ng/ml in the propranolol-insulin test. On the other hand, 8 non-pituitary dwarfs (chromosome anomalies, constitutional dwarfism with congenital anomalies and deprivation dwarfism) who failed to show normal GH response in the standard insulin test, responded to propranolol-insulin with peak GH levels exceeding 10 ng/ml. Only 3 of these 8 patients attained peak GH levels over 9 ng/ml in the arginine test.
PT-INR: vergelijking en validatie van de microINR® vs de CoaguChek® en capillaire versus veneuze afname (2021)

In deze validatiestudie is de microINR, een vernieuwd PT-INR (zelf)meetapparaat, geëvalueerd. Er is een dubbel vergelijkend onderzoek gedaan: zowel met een andere capillaire vingerprikmethode (CoaguChek) als met de veneuze PT-INR-meting (ACL-TOP 750). Daarnaast is de analytische precisie, juistheid en de gebruiksvriendelijkheid onderzocht.
Spectrophotometric determination of total amounts of polythionates (tetra-, penta-, and hexathionate) in mixtures with thiosulfate and sulfite (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric determination of total amounts of polythionates (tetra-, penta-, and hexathionate) in mixtures with thiosulfate and sulfiteTomozo. Koh and Kazuo. TaniguchiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 12, 2018–2022Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60334a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60334a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Fractional Fourier Transform: with Applications in Optics and Signal Processing (2001)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Signals, Systems, and Transformations. Wigner Distributions and Linear Canonical Transforms. The Fractional Fourier Transform. Time-Order and Space-Order Representations. The Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform. Optical Signals and Systems. Phase-Space Optics. The Fractional Fourier Transform in Optics. Applications of the Fractional Fourier Transform to Filtering, Estimation, and Signal Recovery. Applications of the Fractional Fourier Transform to Matched Filtering, Detection, and Pattern Recognition. Bibliography on the Fractional Fourier Transform. Other Cited Works. Credits. Index.
A bayesian model of individual differences and flexibility in inductive reasoning for categorization of examples (2020)

Inductive reasoning is an important educational practice but can be difficult for teachers to support in the classroom due to the high level of preparation and classroom time needed to choose the teaching materials that challenge students' current views. Intelligent tutoring systems can potentially facilitate this work for teachers by supporting the automatic adaptation of examples based on a student model of the induction process. However, current models of inductive reasoning usually lack two main characteristics helpful to adaptive learning environments, individual differences of students and tracing of students' learning as they receive feedback. In this paper, we describe a model to predict and simulate inductive reasoning of students for a categorization task. Our approach uses a Bayesian model for describing the reasoning processes of students. This model allows us to predict students' choices in categorization questions by accounting for their feature biases. Using data gathered from 222 students categorizing three topics, we find that our model has a 75% accuracy, which is 10% greater than a baseline model. Our model is a contribution to learning analytics by enabling us to assign different bias profiles to individual students and tracking these profile changes over time through which we can gain a better understanding of students' learning processes. This model may be relevant for systematically analysing students' differences and evolution in inductive reasoning strategies while supporting the design of adaptive inductive learning environments.
Chemical and Microstructural Effects in Electrode Polarization (2005)

This presentation discusses the chemical and microstructural effects in electrode polarization and a relative comparison of contributions of the various polarizations in anode-supported cells.
Infection-induced preterm delivery involves a pro-inflammatory state, but not macrophage M2-M1 polarization, at the maternal-fetal interface (HUM8P.334) (2014)

Abstract Objective: Endotoxin treatment causes preterm delivery in mice, and this is associated with an expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in primary lymphoid organs (Arenas-Hernandez et al. unpublished data). Our aim was to determine whether this expansion causes a pro-inflammatory state and/or macrophage M2-M1 polarization at the maternal-fetal interface. Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were injected with either 15 μg of LPS (E. coli 0111:B4) or 200 μl PBS as a control (n=9-11 each). Mice were euthanized just prior to preterm delivery. Uterine and decidual cell suspensions were prepared and analyzed by flow cytometry to identify CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs, Th9 cells, Th17 cells, T-bet+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, IL4- and IFNγ-producing T cells, and M1 and M2 macrophages. Results: 1) Uterine, but not decidual, CD4+ Tregs were fewer in LPS treated mice than in controls (p=0.019); 2) Uterine and decidual macrophages were fewer in LPS treated mice than in controls (p=0.025 and 0.036); 3) Uterine and decidual neutrophils were greater in LPS treated mice than in controls (p=0.002 and 0.0001); 4) Decidual IFNγ-producing T cells were fewer in LPS treated mice than in controls (p=0.036); 5) M1 and M2 macrophage populations did not change with LPS treatment. Conclusions: Endotoxin treatment of pregnant mice promotes a pro-inflammatory stage, which includes abundant neutrophils and scarce regulatory T cells and macrophages (M1 and M2) at the maternal-fetal interface.
Impact of Ergothioneine, Hercynine, and Histidine on Oxidative Degradation of Hyaluronan and Wound Healing (2020)

A high-molecular weight hyaluronan is oxidatively degraded by Cu(II) ions and ascorbate-the so called Weissberger biogenic oxidative system-which is one of the most potent generators of reactive oxygen species, namely <sup>•</sup>OH radicals. Ergothioneine, hercynine, or histidine were loaded into chitosan/hyaluronan composite membranes to examine their effect on skin wound healing in ischemic rabbits. We also explored the ability of ergothioneine, hercynine, or histidine to inhibit hyaluronan degradation. Rotational viscometry showed that ergothioneine decreased the degree of hyaluronan radical degradation in a dose-dependent manner. While histidine was shown to be potent in scavenging <sup>•</sup>OH radicals, however, hercynine was ineffective. <i>In vivo</i> results showed that the addition of each investigated agent to chitosan/hyaluronan membranes contributed to a more potent treatment of ischemic skin wounds in rabbits compared to untreated animals and animals treated only with chitosan/hyaluronan membranes.
About analysis and robust classification of searchlight fMRI-data using machine learning classifiers (2013)

In the present paper we investigate the analysis of functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) data based on voxel response analysis. All voxels in local spatial area (volume) of a considered voxel form its so-called searchlight. The searchlight for a presented task is taken as a complex pattern. Task dependent discriminant analysis of voxel is then performed by assessment of the discrimination behavior of the respective searchlight pattern for a given task. Classification analysis of these patterns is usually done using linear support vector machines (linSVMs) as a machine learning approach or another statistical classifier like linear discriminant classifier. The test classification accuracy determining the task sensitivity is interpreted as the discrimination ability of the related voxel. However, frequently, the number of voxels contributing to a searchlight is much larger than the number of available pattern samples in classification learning, i.e. the dimensionality of patterns is higher than the number of samples. Therefore, the respective underlying mathematical classification problem has not an unique solution such that a certain solution obtained by the machine learning classifier contains arbitrary (random) components. For this situation, the generalization ability of the classifier may drop down. We propose in this paper another data processing approach to reduce this problem. In particular, we reformulate the classification problem within the searchlight. Doing so, we avoid the dimensionality problem: We obtain a mathematically well-defined classification problem, such that generalization ability of a trained classifier is kept high. Hence, a better stability of the task discrimination is obtained. Additionally, we propose the utilization of generalized learning vector quantizers as an alternative machine learning classifier system compared to SVMs, to improve further the stability of the classifier model due to decreased model complexity.
Numerous small hammerhead ribozyme variants associated with Penelope-like retrotransposons cleave RNA as dimers (2016)

Hammerhead ribozymes represent the most common of the 9 natural classes of self-cleaving RNAs. The hammerhead catalytic core includes 11 highly-conserved nucleotides located largely within the unpaired regions of a junction formed by stems I, II and III. The vast majority of previously reported examples carry an additional pseudoknot or other tertiary interactions between nucleotides that precede stem I and nucleotides in the loop of stem II. These extra contacts are critical for high-speed RNA catalysis. Herein, we report the discovery of ∼150,000 additional variant hammerhead representatives that exhibit diminished stem III substructures. These variants are frequently associated with Penelope-like retrotransposons, which are a type of mobile genetic element. Kinetic analyses indicate that these RNAs form dimers to cleave RNA.
A New Model to Identify Shared Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers and Frailty in Older Adults (2009)

Pressure ulcers substantially affect frail older adults, as well as their family caregivers, nurses, and the healthcare system at large. This article uses the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework to discuss pressure ulcers in frail older adults. Pressure ulcers and frailty are defined and prevalence and incidence figures are reviewed. The connection is made between pressure ulcers and frailty using a model of shared risk factors and these medical syndromes are described as a synergistic relationship. In addition, the relevance to practice is discussed.
Direct Determination of Medium Range Ordering in Amorphous Hydrogenated Boron Carbide for Low-k Dielectric Applications (2020)

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Regulatory T Cells Ameliorate Intrauterine Growth Retardation in a Transgenic Rat Model for Preeclampsia (2015)

Preeclampsia is a multisystemic syndrome during pregnancy that is often associated with intrauterine growth retardation. Immunologic dysregulation, involving T cells, is implicated in the pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of upregulating regulatory T cells in an established transgenic rat model for preeclampsia. Application of superagonistic monoclonal antibody for CD28 has been shown to effectively upregulate regulatory T cells. In the first protocol (treatment protocol), we applied 1 mg of CD28 superagonist or control antibody on days 11 and 15 of pregnancy. In the second protocol (prevention protocol), the superagonist or control antibody was applied on days 1, 5, and 9. Superagonist increased regulatory T cells in circulation and placenta from 8.49±2.09% of CD4-positive T cells to 23.50±3.05% and from 3.85±1.45% to 23.27±7.64%, respectively. Blood pressure and albuminuria (30.6±15.1 versus 14.6±5.5 mg/d) were similar in the superagonist or control antibody-treated preeclamptic group for both protocols. Rats treated with CD28 superagonist showed increased pup weights in the prevention protocol (2.66±0.03 versus 2.37±0.05 g) and in the treatment protocol (3.04±0.04 versus 2.54±0.1 g). Intrauterine growth retardation, calculated by brain:liver weight ratio, was also decreased by the superagonist in both protocols. Further analysis of brain development revealed a 20% increase in brain volume by the superagonist. Induction of regulatory T cells in the circulation and the uteroplacental unit in an established preeclamptic rat model had no influence on maternal hypertension and proteinuria. However, it substantially improved fetal outcome by ameliorating intrauterine growth retardation.
Hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism of skeletal muscle accompany mitochondrial stress following severe burn trauma (2016)

Burn trauma results in prolonged hypermetabolism and skeletal muscle wasting. How hypermetabolism contributes to muscle wasting in burn patients remains unknown. We hypothesized that oxidative stress, cytosolic protein degradation, and mitochondrial stress as a result of hypermetabolism contribute to muscle cachexia postburn. Patients (n = 14) with burns covering >30% of their total body surface area were studied. Controls (n = 13) were young healthy adults. We found that burn patients were profoundly hypermetabolic at both the skeletal muscle and systemic levels, indicating increased oxygen consumption by mitochondria. In skeletal muscle of burn patients, concurrent activation of mTORC1 signaling and elevation in the fractional synthetic rate paralleled increased levels of proteasomes and elevated fractional breakdown rate. Burn patients had greater levels of oxidative stress markers as well as higher expression of mtUPR-related genes and proteins, suggesting that burns increased mitochondrial stress and protein damage. Indeed, upregulation of cytoprotective genes suggests hypermetabolism-induced oxidative stress postburn. In parallel to mtUPR activation postburn, mitochondrial-specific proteases (LONP1 and CLPP) and mitochondrial translocases (TIM23, TIM17B, and TOM40) were upregulated, suggesting increased mitochondrial protein degradation and transport of preprotein, respectively. Our data demonstrate that proteolysis occurs in both the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of skeletal muscle in severely burned patients. Increased mitochondrial protein turnover may be associated with increased protein damage due to hypermetabolism-induced oxidative stress and activation of mtUPR. Our results suggest a novel role for the mitochondria in burn-induced cachexia.