gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Treatment of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 Perovskites for Bifunctional Air Electrodes (1997)

The perovskite has been of interest as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the bifunctional air electrode. The calcination and subsequent cooling steps in the amorphous citrate precursor (ACP) process have been optimized to prepare powders with high surface area, and consequently improved electrocatalytic performance in an air electrode. The surface area of the final powder depends on the thermal treatment and the surface area increases with increasing the cooling rate. A sample quenched rapidly from 650°C had a surface area of 33 m2/g, which is more than double the value obtained with a slower cooling rate. Polytetrafluorene‐ethylene (PTFE) bonded gas diffusion electrodes loaded with catalysts prepared by the ACP method show good bifunctional performance. An electrode loaded with only 10 mg/cm2 of powder prepared by quenching from 650°C showed the best bifunctional performance, i.e., 280 mA/cm2 for oxygen reduction and 300 mA/cm2 for the oxygen evolution, at 0.6 and 1.6 V vs. RHE, respectively. This performance compares well with results from lower area at much higher loadings.
Non-invasive Quantification of Steatosis: A New Ultrasound based Model to Predict Fatty Liver Content (2022)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease and the quantification of the liver fat content is of great importance in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD progression. The non-invasive gold standard for quantifying liver steatosis is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but it is too expensive and not easily available. For this reason, ultrasound (US) imaging techniques are increasingly used. The main aim of this study is to develop and to validate a multiparametric system based on US able to assess the percentage of liver fat, producing a result equivalent to that computed by MRI. We have updated a previously proposed US-based image processing tool (DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.03.011.). We tested the software on N=135 US images acquired from patients. In addition, we developed and validated a multiparametric model that combines the US-parameters extracted to predict the liver fat content, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI- PDFF) computed values as a ground truth. We analyzed the inter-operator reproducibility between a technical and a clinical operator. We show the prediction performance of our model compared to MRI computed fat values, expressed as a correlation coefficient of 0.84. Finally, regarding the evaluation of the inter-operator variability we achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 for the final score assessed by the two different operators. The proposed system is quite inexpensive, easy to use and may be implemented on any US equipment as a tool for screening and monitoring fatty liver disease.
Series LLCs in Real Estate Transactions (2011)

The first Series LLC statute was enacted in Delaware in 1996.Under that statute, and similar statutes of otherjurisdications, a single LLC may create any number of entities (also known as series), the assets of which are separate from each other and from the LLC that created them.This article explores the ways in which the Series LLC might benefit real estate investors and developers by relieving them of the cost and complication that arise from the transfer ofproperty under more traditional corporate entities.In so doing, the authors address two primary questions that Series LLC liability raises: Whether jurisdictions that have not adopted Series LLC statutes will recognize the existence and limited liability of series, and whether bankruptcy courts and the U.S. Treasury Department will treat series as entities separate from each other and the Series LLC.They conclude that affirmative answers to both questions are likely and that the Series LLC provides at least two tax planning opportunities when dealing with real estate.
Privatization—The New Challenge to Working Conditions in Bulgarian Enterprises (1999)

Bulgaria is facing serious economic problems. Privatization is going slowly and painfully. High unemployment, poor working conditions, lack of proper health and safety systems at work are only some of the problems faced presently by the trade unions. Yet there is still a place for optimism. Examples demonstrate that privatization of state enterprises accompanied by proper legal requirements and trade union involvement can, in fact, improve working conditions.
Synthesis and reactivity of intermediates formed in the T4RNA ligase reaction (1987)

The intermediate adenylated donor derivatives A(5')pp(5')dTp and A(5')pp(5')GpGpGp have been prepared from suitable phosphorylating reagents activated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Phosphodiester bond formation between donor and acceptor oligonucleotides as catalyzed by T4 RNA ligase is shown to be more efficient when the adenylated form of the donor molecule is used.
Integrating and Ranking Uncertain Scientific Data (2009)

Mediator-based data integration systems resolve exploratory queries by joining data elements across sources. In the presence of uncertainties, such multiple expansions can quickly lead to spurious connections and incorrect results. The BioRank project investigates formalisms for modeling uncertainty during scientific data integration and for ranking uncertain query results. Our motivating application is protein function prediction. In this paper we show that: (i) explicit modeling of uncertainties as probabilities increases our ability to predict less-known or previously unknown functions (though it does not improve predicting the well-known). This suggests that probabilistic uncertainty models offer utility for scientific knowledge discovery; (ii) small perturbations in the input probabilities tend to produce only minor changes in the quality of our result rankings. This suggests that our methods are robust against slight variations in the way uncertainties are transformed into probabilities; and (iii) several techniques allow us to evaluate our probabilistic rankings efficiently. This suggests that probabilistic query evaluation is not as hard for real-world problems as theory indicates.
<title>Laser-radiation volume absorber and x-ray converter based on low-density beryllium</title> (2001)

In the past few years much attention has been paid to studying the laser interaction with low-density polymer sub- critical media formed as the external target layers, which provided more symmetric heating and compression of the target internal shell. Beryllium foam is discussed, as a new type of a low-density media typical of high stability at low specific weight. Moreover, there is a feasibility to produce the beryllium doped by heavy element with its controlled distribution over the deposited layer. The developed technique allows one to use nano-crystal beryllium and low- density beryllium doped by heavy element with its controlled distribution over the deposited layer. The developed technique allows one to use nano-crystal beryllium and low- density beryllium for laser targets.
Automatic Generation of Context-Sensitive Textual Help (1993)

Graphical user interfaces tend to get more and more complex, and consequently, the user needs help to work with these interfaces. Development of good help systems is very time-consuming, if only because the help system needs to change whenever the specifications do. Therefore, we have been concentrating on the automatic generation of help.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThe context of the research reported in this paper is the User Interface Design Evvironment (UIDE), which uses high-level application and interface representations to generate interfaces and help. Based on descriptions of an interface, help can be generated to answer two questions: "Why is an object not usable (grayed out)?", and "How can it be made usable?". Pre- and post-conditions, part of the semantics and sequencing control representations in UIDE, are used to answer these questions.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThe help system uses unsatisfied preconditions to explain why an object in the interface is disabled. A standard set of templates is used to translate often occurring predicates into text. A planner is used to derive how to enable the object in question. The help system looks at those predicates that must become true to enable the object, and searches for objects with corresponding post-conditions.
Frequency-domain receiver design for fast varying channels (2012)

Conventional frequency-domain receivers require a fixed channel within the block duration being the performance severely affected in presence of strong Doppler effects. In this paper we propose an iterative receiver for SC-FDE schemes (Single Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization) that is able to mitigate strong Doppler effects. This receiver can be regarded as a modified turbo equalizer, implemented in the frequency-domain, able to compensate the Doppler effects associated to different groups of multipath components while performing the equalization procedure. Our performance results show significant improvements over the turbo-FDE, even when different multipath components have substantially different Doppler effects.
Diverse and Faithful Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation via Sequential Posterior Inference (2023)

The capability to generate responses with diversity and faithfulness using factual knowledge is paramount for creating a human-like, trustworthy dialogue system. Common strategies either adopt a two-step paradigm, which optimizes knowledge selection and response generation separately, and may overlook the inherent correlation between these two tasks, or leverage conditional variational method to jointly optimize knowledge selection and response generation by employing an inference network. In this paper, we present an end-to-end learning framework, termed Sequential Posterior Inference (SPI), capable of selecting knowledge and generating dialogues by approximately sampling from the posterior distribution. Unlike other methods, SPI does not require the inference network or assume a simple geometry of the posterior distribution. This straightforward and intuitive inference procedure of SPI directly queries the response generation model, allowing for accurate knowledge selection and generation of faithful responses. In addition to modeling contributions, our experimental results on two common dialogue datasets (Wizard of Wikipedia and Holl-E) demonstrate that SPI outperforms previous strong baselines according to both automatic and human evaluation metrics.
Built‐In Potential in Fe2O3‐Cr2O3 Superlattices for Improved Photoexcited Carrier Separation (2015)

Hematite (α-Fe2 O3) is engineered to improve photoexcited electron-hole pair separation by synthesizing Fe2O3-Cr2O3 superlattices (SLs) with precise atomic control. The different surface terminations exhibited by Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 determine the hetero-junction interface structure and result in controllable, noncommutative band offset values. This controllable band alignment is harnessed to generate a built-in potential as large as 0.8 eV in Fe2 O3-Cr2O3 SLs.
Challenges and Requirements for Employee Qualification in the Context of Human-Robot-Collaboration (2018)

The introduction of new forms of work within the ongoing development of Industry 4.0 and its technical implementation requires rethinking the concept of employee qualification. Since new technology, skills and competencies in future production are particularly related to increasing interaction with machines such as human-robot-collaboration, a closer investigation of qualification needs in this field is implicated. Based on literature review, this paper presents an overview on current approaches of employee qualification in the context of Industry 4.0 in order to deduce qualification needs in the domain of human-robot-collaboration. Considering the needs of different target groups and their specific tasks, the transferability of the qualification setting as well as the integration of new technology (such as Augmented and Virtual Reality), a theoretical framework is provided to systematically investigate different conditions of qualification in an experimental setting.
Integrated Solution for Emulsion Diagnosis in Horizontal Production Logs (2013)

Abstract Although various logging challenges in highly deviated and horizontal wells have been addressed in many previous studies, only a few investigations have focused on emulsion diagnosis and multiphase production log (MPL) solutions in such difficult conditions. The emulsion discussed in this paper is water-in-oil emulsion, in which water is present in the form of droplets dispersed in oil. This is generally expected to happen in a high velocity, turbulent flow regime, and in a low density contrast between oil and water. The impact of water emulsion is the inability to identify and quantify water entries using the standard holdup measurement arrays, because the water droplets have the same conductivity as oil and travel at the same velocity as oil, regardless of well deviation. A novel workflow and methodology were established for successful diagnosis of this emulsion downhole to be able to perform inflow profiling for these problematic wells, using information from different sources of data: multiphase production logging tool (MPLT), pulsed neutron logging tool (PNLT), and surface fluid sampling. The workflow includes job preparation, real-time monitoring during logging operation, and post-job data interpretation. The optimized workflow was applied to field examples for successful diagnosis of the emulsion and the integrated logging solution to overcome this challenge in horizontal wells. This led to the determination, with high confidence, of the downhole flow profile and to the accurate quantitative identification of the source of water production. The information can then be used to plan suitable well intervention, without which the reservoir and/or field development could not be optimized.
Reversing cognitive-decline in older adults in an open-label clinical trial: novel mechanisms and the role of GlyNAC (2020)

Abstract Age-associated cognitive-decline is an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but interventions are lacking. We conducted an open-label trial to test our hypotheses on whether: (1) compared to 8 healthy young adults (25y), 8 ‘healthy’ older adults (74y) have cognitive decline, decreased glucose availability for the brain due to mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated insulin-resistance, oxidative-stress and elevated inflammation; (2) supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) for 24-weeks corrects deficiency of the endogenous-antioxidant Glutathione and improves these defects, and thereby cognition; (3) stopping GlyNAC supplementation for 12-weeks results in a decline in accrued benefits. Outcome measures included cognitive testing (Montreal cognitive assessment; trail-making tests; verbal-fluency tests; digital-symbol substitution-test), mitochondrial fuel-oxidation, RBC-Glutathione concentrations, plasma oxidative-stress, insulin-resistance and inflammation, and tracer-studies to measure glucose metabolism. Results validated our hypotheses and showed that GlyNAC-supplementation corrected these defects and improved cognition. This trial suggests that supplementing GlyNAC may be important for improving/preventing age-associated cognitive-decline in older adults.
Modem Transmission of Glucose Values Reduces the Costs of and Need for Clinic Visits (2003)

We thank Perlemuter and Yomtov (1) for their comments in this issue of Diabetes Care regarding our article (2). It seems that their previous study (3) and our study show similar results. They did not provide the ages of their participants, but “nine men and one woman” are mentioned, and our …
The Effects of Health Anxiety and Litigation Potential on Symptom Endorsement, Cognitive Performance, and Physiological Functioning in the Context of a Food and Drug Administration Drug Recall Announcement (2022)

Drug recalls and lawsuits against pharmaceutical manufacturers are accompanied by announcements emphasizing harmful drug side-effects. Those with elevated health anxiety may be more reactive to such announcements. We evaluated whether health anxiety and financial incentives affect subjective symptom endorsement, and objective outcomes of cognitive and physiological functioning during a mock drug recall. Hundred and sixty-one participants reported use of over-the-counter pain medications and presented with a fictitious medication recall via a mock Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website. The opportunity to join a class-action lawsuit was manipulated. We assessed health anxiety, recalled drug usage, blood pressure, heart rate, and performance on a computerized Trail Making Test (TMT). Symptom endorsement was strongly predicted by health anxiety. When combined, three health anxiety measures explained 28.5% variance (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.26). These effects remain strong after controlling for depression and anxiety. Litigation condition did not predict symptom endorsement. Blood pressure and heart rate were modestly predicted by health anxiety, but not by litigation condition. TMT performance was consistently predicted by health anxiety, with higher scores associated with poorer performance. Although there were no main effects for litigation, interactions consistently emerged for the TMT, with generally poorer performance for those with higher health anxiety in the non-litigation condition; whereas health anxiety was unrelated to performance for the litigation condition. All but one participant joined the litigation when given the opportunity, despite a healthy sample and minimal use of pain medication. Subsequent data from 67 individuals with no mention of the FDA scenario or litigation showed that health anxiety still significantly predicts symptom endorsement (12.6% variance), but the explained variance is less than half that obtained in the FDA scenario. The findings suggest that health anxiety plays a significant role in adverse symptom reporting, beyond anxiety or depression, and this effect is independent of the presence of the FDA recall. The lack of differences for health anxiety and symptom endorsement between litigation and non-litigation conditions rules out malingering. Although it is general practice in drug recalls to list potential adverse side effects caused by medications, this may elicit unintended symptom experiences and health anxious individuals may be more susceptible.
Analog Sparse Approximation with Applications to Compressed Sensing (2011)

Recent research has shown that performance in signal processing tasks can often be significantly improved by using signal models based on sparse representations, where a signal is approximated using a small number of elements from a fixed dictionary. Unfortunately, inference in this model involves solving non-smooth optimization problems that are computationally expensive. While significant efforts have focused on developing digital algorithms specifically for this problem, these algorithms are inappropriate for many applications because of the time and power requirements necessary to solve large optimization problems. Based on recent work in computational neuroscience, we explore the potential advantages of continuous time dynamical systems for solving sparse approximation problems if they were implemented in analog VLSI. Specifically, in the simulated task of recovering synthetic and MRI data acquired via compressive sensing techniques, we show that these systems can potentially perform recovery at time scales of 10-20μs, supporting datarates of 50-100 kHz (orders of magnitude faster that digital algorithms). Furthermore, we show analytically that a wide range of sparse approximation problems can be solved in the same basic architecture, including approximate $\ell^p$ norms, modified $\ell^1$ norms, re-weighted $\ell^1$ and $\ell^2$, the block $\ell^1$ norm and classic Tikhonov regularization.
Triple-SGM: Stereo Processing using Semi-Global Matching with Cost Fusion (2020)

In this work, we propose an extension of the Semi-Global Matching framework for three images from a triplet-stereo rig consisting of a horizontal and vertical camera pair. After calculating the matching costs separately for both image pairs, these are merged at cost level using cubic spline interpolation. For cost values near the left/bottom image boundaries, we propose an advanced weighting strategy. Subsequently, the fused matching can be used directly for the cost aggregation and disparity estimation.The benefits of the proposed fusion strategy are demonstrated by an evaluation based on synthetic and real-world data. To encourage further comparisons on triple stereo algorithms, the dataset used for evaluation is made publicly available.
Liposomes as model membrane systems for immune attack. I. Transfer of antigenic determinants to lymphocyte membranes after interactions with hapten-bearing liposomes. (1978)

The interaction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with liposomes containing DNP-aminocaproyl-phosphatidylethanolamine together with either egg yolk or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine has been investigated. When lymphocytes were incubated with liposomes at 37 degrees C, the aqueous compartment (86Rb+) and the lipid portion (3H-lipid) of the liposomes became cell associated to an equivalent extent. At 0 degrees C, however, the incorporation of 3H-lipid exceeded that of 86Rb+. Lymphocyte-liposome interactions were accompanied by the transfer of DNP to the surface of the lymphoid cell as measured by susceptibility to complement in the presence of anti-DNP antibody. Hapten transfer was not limited to liposome interactions with lymphocytes, but occurred also with other cells (e.g., Chang cells). Hapten transfer could also be demonstrated by susceptibility to K cell-mediated lysis. These findings suggest that liposomes may prove to be a useful vehicle for the transfer of new antigenic determinants onto cell surfaces. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of using liposomes as targets for cell-mediated cytotoxic attack.
Negative reflection of elastic waves in complex environments (2017)

A negative reflecting mirror converts a wave of positive phase velocity into its negative counterpart and vice versa. Whatever the complexity of the propagation medium, the negatively reflected wave field focuses back towards the initial source location, thereby mimicking a phase conjugation operation while being a fully passive process. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon with elastic waves in a 2D billiard and in a disordered plate by means of laser interferometry. These proof-of-concept experiments show that negative reflection can be a tool of choice for the control and focusing of waves in complex environments.