gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Switching of Liquid Crystalline Order Permits Synthesis of Homogeneous Populations of Dipolar Patchy Microparticles (2014)

The spontaneous positioning of colloids on the surfaces of micrometer-sized liquid crystalline droplets and their subsequent polymerization offers the basis of a general and facile method for the synthesis of patchy microparticles. The existence of multiple local energetic minima, however, can generate kinetic traps for colloids on the surfaces of the liquid crystal (LC) droplets and result in heterogeneous populations of patchy microparticles. To address this issue, here we demonstrate that adsorbate-driven switching of the internal configurations of LC droplets can be used to sweep colloids to a single location on the LC droplet surfaces, thus resulting in the synthesis of homogeneous populations of patchy microparticles. The surface-driven switching of the LC can be triggered by addition of surfactant or salts, and permits the synthesis of dipolar microparticles as well as "Janus-like" microparticles. By using magnetic colloids, we illustrate the utility of the approach by synthesizing magnetically-responsive patchy microdroplets of LC with either dipolar or quadrupolar symmetry that exhibit distinct optical responses upon application of an external magnetic field.
A novel PAK1/Notch-1 axis contributes to intestinal inflammation and cancer (2016)

Background: PAK1 belongs to a family of serine-threonine kinase and contributes to various oncogenic pathways like MAPK and Wnt-β catenin. Our lab recently linked activation of p21-activated kinase (PAK1) to IBD as well as colitis-associated cancer (Khare V, Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015). Here we tested the effects of PAK1 deletion on intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in IL-10 KO mice.
Estimating Melatonin Suppression and Photosynthesis Activity in Real-World Scenes from Computer Generated Images (2010)

In lighting design and architectural illumination planning simulations of luminance and illuminance distributions within scenes are performed using rendering tools such as Radiance. In this paper we focus on the evaluation by two action spectra other than the luminous efficiency function &#x2013; the circadian action function describing the melatonin suppression and the photosynthesis action function. We show how indices that are derived from these action spectra can be calculated from spectrally rendered images of a real-world scene. For both action spectra we derive approximations based on the CIE color matching functions that allow estimations of the corresponding index from RGB rendered images. We evaluate the differences between the spectral results and the RGB approximations for an office room with three different types of illumination.
Exact results for generalized Gassmann's equations in composite porous media with two constituents (1991)

Abstract Wave propagation in fluid-filled porous media is governed by Biot's equations of poroelasticity. Gassmann's relation gives an exact formula for the poroelastic parameters when the porous medium contains only one type of solid constituent. The present paper generalizes Gassmann's relation and derives exact formulas for two elastic parameters needed to describe wave propagation in a conglomerate of two porous phases. The parameters were first introduced by Brown and Korringa when they derived a generalized form of Gassmann's equation for conglomerates. These elastic parameters are the bulk modulus K s associated with changes in the overall volume of the conglomerate and the bulk modulus K (sub phi ) associated with the pore volume when the fluid pressure (p f ) and confining pressure (p) are increased, keeping the differential pressure (p d = p - p f ) fixed. These moduli are properties of the composite solid frame (drained of fluid) and are shown here to be completely determined in terms of the bulk moduli associated with the two solid constituents, the bulk moduli of the drained conglomerate and the drained phases, and the porosities in each phase. The pore structure of each phase is assumed uniform and smaller than the grain size in the conglomerate. The relations found are completely independent of the pore microstructure and provide a means of analyzing experimental data.The key idea leading to the exact results is this: Whenever two scalar fields (in our problem p f and p d ) can be independently varied in a linear composite containing only two constituents, there exists a special value gamma of the increment ratio for these two fields corresponding to an overall expansion or contraction of the medium with no change of relative shape. This fact guarantees that a set of consistency relations exists among the constituent moduli and the effective moduli, which then determines all but one of the effective constants. Thus, K s and K (sub phi ) are determined in terms of the drained frame modulus K and the constituents' moduli. Because the composite is linear, the coefficients found for the special value of the increment ratio are also the exact coefficients for an arbitrary ratio. Since modulus K is commonly measured while the other two are not, these exact relations provide a significant advance in our ability to predict the response of porous materials to pressure changes.It is also shown that additional results (such as rigorous bounds on the parameters) may be easily obtained by exploiting an analogy between the equations of thermoelasticity and those of poroelasticity. The method used to derive these results may also be used to find exact expressions for three component composite porous materials when thermoelastic constants of the components and the composite are known.
Major Variation in MICs of Tigecycline in Gram-Negative Bacilli as a Function of Testing Method (2014)

Tigecycline is one of the few remaining therapeutic options for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). MICs of tigecycline to Acinetobacter baumannii have been reported to be elevated when determined by the Etest compared to determinations by the broth microdilution (BMD) method. The study aim was to compare the susceptibility of GNB to tigecycline by four different testing methods. GNB were collected from six health care systems (25 hospitals) in southeast Michigan from January 2010 to September 2011. Tigecycline MICs among A. baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates were determined by Etest, BMD, Vitek-2, and MicroScan. Nonsusceptibility was categorized as a tigecycline MIC of ≥4 μg/ml for both A. baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae. The study included 4,427 isolates: 2,065 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, 1,105 A. baumannii, 888 susceptible Enterobacteriaceae, and 369 CRE isolates. Tigecycline nonsusceptibility among A. baumannii isolates was significantly more common as determined by Etest compared to that determined by BMD (odds ratio [OR], 10.3; P<0.001), MicroScan (OR, 12.4; P<0.001), or Vitek-2 (OR, 9.4; P<0.001). These differences were not evident with the other pathogens. Tigecycline MICs varied greatly according to the in vitro testing methods among A. baumannii isolates. Etest should probably not be used by laboratories for tigecycline MIC testing of A. baumannii isolates, since MICs are significantly elevated with Etest compared to those determined by the three other methods.
Keldysh ionization theory of atoms: mathematical details (2022)

Abstract Keldysh ionization theory is one of the main pillars of strong field physics and attosecond science. It describes non-relativistic ionization rates of hydrogen-like atoms subjected to strong laser fields within the dipole approximation and the length gauge. According to this theory ionization can be described by two regimes: electronic tunneling through a laser-dressed atomic potential (tunnel ionization) and absorption of multiple photons at once (multi-photon ionization). There are many gaps in the mathematical steps and explanations in the original Keldysh paper. Therefore, the goal of this work is to give a detailed re-derivation of ionization rates following Keldysh’s formulation and to fill in the mathematical steps of this beautiful approach so that it is more accessible to a wider audience.
Somatic mutations at EZH2 Y641 act dominantly through a mechanism of selectively altered PRC2 catalytic activity, to increase H3K27 trimethylation (2010)

Next-generation sequencing of follicular lymphoma and diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma has revealed frequent somatic, heterozygous Y641 mutations in the histone methyltransferase EZH2. Heterozygosity and the presence of equal quantities of both mutant and wild-type mRNA and expressed protein suggest a dominant mode of action. Surprisingly, B-cell lymphoma cell lines and lymphoma samples harboring heterozygous EZH2(Y641) mutations have increased levels of histone H3 Lys-27-specific trimethylation (H3K27me3). Expression of EZH2(Y641F/N) mutants in cells with EZH2(WT) resulted in an increase of H3K27me3 levels in vivo. Structural modeling of EZH2(Y641) mutants suggests a "Tyr/Phe switch" model whereby structurally neutral, nontyrosine residues at position 641 would decrease affinity for unmethylated and monomethylated H3K27 substrates and potentially favor trimethylation. We demonstrate, using in vitro enzyme assays of reconstituted PRC2 complexes, that Y641 mutations result in a decrease in monomethylation and an increase in trimethylation activity of the enzyme relative to the wild-type enzyme. This represents the first example of a disease-associated gain-of-function mutation in a histone methyltransferase, whereby somatic EZH2 Y641 mutations in lymphoma act dominantly to increase, rather than decrease, histone methylation. The dominant mode of action suggests that allele-specific EZH2 inhibitors should be a future therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Auditory Noise Can Facilitate Body's Peripheral Temperature Switchovers (2019)

Home is the context of an ambient-intelligence environment. Nonetheless, one can downsize the environment. For example, the human body as an environment, and by reading all possible bio-signals, this article can create control loops where many of these bio-signals can be used as sensory inputs to make humans aware of their current perceptual-cognitive state. In this article, the authors present an example where the peripheral temperature is used as a marker to know when a human switchover from a stress state to a calm state happens. The switchovers are controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The authors showed that finger temperature can be modulated by an effective auditory noise, and in four of the six tested subjects, 70 dBSPL was the optimal noise. These results open the possibility of making personalized, adaptive and anticipatory devices capable of modulating the switchover from a stress state to a calm state.
Syntheses and Pharmacological Evaluations of Novel N‐Substituted Bicyclo‐Heptane‐2‐amines atN‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptors (2011)

Several novel norcamphor (bicycloheptane)-based compounds were designed and synthesized as non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists at the phencyclidine binding sites. The heterocyclic ring was also varied to examine piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine groups. We examined pharmacological activities of these compounds in vitro (binding studies) and in vivo (maximal electroshock test). Pharmacological evaluations revealed one of the compounds, 5a, to be a good lead, exhibiting moderate binding at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (IC(50) =7.86 μm; K(i) =5.28 μm), maximal electroshock neuroprotection activity at 100 mg/kg and acceptable toxicity profile.
Operational Experience with and Improvements to a Tunnel-in-the-Sky Display for Light Aircraft (1997)

A prototype GPS-based primary flight display has been developed at Stanford and is being used to evaluate operational issues through piloted simulation and flight testing. The display makes flying by instrument reference safer and easier by presenting an “out the window” view of the world, allowing the horizon, runway, and desired flight path to be seen even when flying in clouds. The flight path is depicted on the 3-D display as a tunnel through which the pilot flies the airplane, and predictor symbology provides seamless guidance along straight and curved flight paths. Differential GPS data is provided by the Stanford Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) prototypes. Flight testing on a four-seat Piper Dakota has demonstrated enhanced ease of use over current displays, precise navigation on complex flight paths, and the potential for increased safety through situational awareness. Recent flight testing has also highlighted several operational issues that are addressed in this paper. The improvements described here were evaluated with simulation and flight testing on increasingly challenging flight profiles. Instrument approaches (including missed approaches and holding patterns) were flown with both conventional instrumentation and the tunnel display to allow comparative testing while maintaining compatibility with current ATC operations. Non-precision procedures were improved by the addition of glideslope information to provide a stabilized final approach. Flight technical error (FTE) and runway-relative position are used as the basis for comparison. The display was also used to fly profiles typical of those used in the remote sensing field to explore the ultimate achievable path following accuracy for such niche markets. This data is expected to be useful in the development of TERPS standards for future instrument approaches.
Conservation of the C-type lectin fold for accommodating massive sequence variation in archaeal diversity-generating retroelements (2016)

Our results have uncovered the widespread conservation of the CLec-fold in viruses, bacteria, and archaea for accommodating massive sequence variation. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first report of an archaeal CLec-fold protein.
Relaxed Effective Callback Freedom: A Parametric Correctness Condition for Sequential Modules With Callbacks (2022)

Callbacks are an essential mechanism for event-driven programming. Unfortunately, callbacks make reasoning challenging because they introduce behaviors where calls to the module are interleaved. We present a parametric method that, from a particular invariant of the program, allows reducing the problem of verifying the invariant in the presence of callbacks, to the callback-free setting. Intuitively, we allow callbacks to introduce behaviors that cannot be produced by callback free executions, as long as they do not affect correctness. A chief insight is that the user is aware of the potential effect of the callbacks on the program state. To this end, we present a parametric verification technique which accepts this insight as a relation between callback and callback free executions. We implemented our approach and applied it successfully to a large set of real-world programs.
Omniguide traveling-wave tube structure testing with a 120 KEV electron beam (2009)

Compact, efficient, high-bandwidth and high-power mm-wave sources are essential for many applications in secure communications, environmental monitoring, imaging, spectroscopy for remote sensing in nonproliferation, and basic research such as radio astronomy. Commercial microwave tube amplifiers are available at frequencies up to only 100 GHz (W- band) and have to trade off maximum output power against bandwidth. A wide-band mm-wave traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier development is underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In this presentation we will report the design of the omniguide TWT structure, the results of the cold test measurements, and preliminary results of the beam transport through the structure and the gain experiment with the structure driven at 94 GHz.
Sulfobutyl Ether .beta.-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Discriminator for Use with Capillary Electrophoresis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfobutyl Ether .beta.-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Discriminator for Use with Capillary ElectrophoresisR. J. Tait, D. O. Thompson, V. J. Stella, and J. F. StobaughCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 22, 4013–4018Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00094a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00094a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A secure multicast protocol with copyright protection (2002)

We present a simple, efficient, and secure multicast protocol with copyright protection in an open and insecure network environment. There is a wide variety of multimedia applications that can benefit from using our secure multicast protocol, e.g., the commercial pay-per-view video multicast, or highly secure military intelligence video conference. Our secure multicast protocol is designed to achieve the following goals. (1) It can run in any open network environment. It does not rely on any security mechanism on intermediate network switches or routers. (2) It can be built on top of any existing multicast architecture. (3) Our key distribution protocol is both secure and robust in the presence of long delay or membership message. (4) It can support dynamic group membership, e.g., JOIN/LEAVE/EXPEL operations, in a network bandwidth efficient manner. (5) It can provide copyright protection for the information provider. (6) It can help to identify insiders in the multicast session who are leaking information to the outside world. We have implemented a prototype system which validates our secure multicast protocol and evaluated it against various performance matrices. The experimental results are very encouraging, but also show where new engineering approaches need to be deployed to conform fully to the design goals.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approaches to Solution—Combustion Synthesis of Nanomaterials (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Processivity and enzymatic mechanism of a multifunctional family 5 endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis BS-5 with potential applications in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates (2018)

The processive endoglucanase EG5C-1 from <i>B. subtilis</i> BS-5 exhibits excellent properties that render it a suitable candidate for use in biofuel and biochemical production from lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, our studies also provide useful information for research on enzyme processivity at the molecular level.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients With Major Cerebral Artery Occlusive Disease (2003)

Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging provides quantitative information about the magnitude and the directionality (anisotropy) of water diffusion in vivo and can detect pathologic changes in brain ischemia. This study tried to detect ischemic brain damage using DT imaging in patients with symptomatic chronic major cerebral artery occlusive disease. DT imaging was performed using a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) scanner in 50 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion, who had no obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging. Thirty-three patients underwent DT imaging before and after vascular reconstruction surgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated in the middle cerebral artery territory. Preoperative FA values in the ipsilateral side were significantly lower than those in the contralateral side. After surgery, the FA value was significantly increased. DT imaging may indicate ischemic brain damage, not visualized by conventional MR imaging, in patients with major cerebral artery occlusive disease.
Stress‐induced adaptive islet cell identity changes (2016)

The different forms of diabetes mellitus differ in their pathogenesis but, ultimately, they are all characterized by progressive islet β-cell loss. Restoring the β-cell mass is therefore a major goal for future therapeutic approaches. The number of β-cells found at birth is determined by proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells, and it has been considered to remain mostly unchanged throughout adult life. Recent studies in mice have revealed an unexpected plasticity in islet endocrine cells in response to stress; under certain conditions, islet non-β-cells have the potential to reprogram into insulin producers, thus contributing to restore the β-cell mass. Here, we discuss the latest findings on pancreas and islet cell plasticity upon physiological, pathological and experimental conditions of stress. Understanding the mechanisms involved in cell reprogramming in these models will allow the development of new strategies for the treatment of diabetes, by exploiting the intrinsic regeneration capacity of the pancreas.
Proton-Induced Reactivity of NO– from a {CoNO}8 Complex (2014)

Research on the one-electron reduced analogue of NO, namely nitroxyl (HNO/NO(-)), has revealed distinguishing properties regarding its utility as a therapeutic. However, the fleeting nature of HNO requires the design of donor molecules. Metal nitrosyl (MNO) complexes could serve as potential HNO donors. The synthesis, spectroscopic/structural characterization, and HNO donor properties of a {CoNO}(8) complex in a pyrrole/imine ligand frame are reported. The {CoNO}(8) complex [Co(LN4(PhCl))(NO)] (1) does not react with established HNO targets such as Fe(III) hemes or Ph3P. However, in the presence of stoichiometric H(+) 1 behaves as an HNO donor. Complex 1 readily reacts with [Fe(TPP)Cl] or Ph3P to afford the {FeNO}(7) porphyrin or Ph3P═O/Ph3P═NH, respectively. In the absence of an HNO target, the {Co(NO)2}(10) dinitrosyl (3) is the end product. Complex 1 also reacts with O2 to yield the corresponding Co(III)-η(1)-ONO2 (2) nitrato analogue. This report is the first to suggest an HNO donor role for {CoNO}(8) with biotargets such as Fe(III)-porphyrins.
Asymmetric Catalysis for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers: Nucleophilic Addition on Ketones and Ketimines (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An evaluation of some thermodynamic and transport properties of solid and liquid lithium over the temperature range 200 to 1700 K (1988)

Experimental data on the effects of temperature on the density, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, enthalpy, vapor pressure, compressibility, surface tension, viscosity, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of lithium were reviewed. Comparisons of original data with handbook values revealed some cases in which the latter values should probably be revised. Empirical equations describing the recommended property values are included. 51 refs., 12 figs.