gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic response function of the itinerant ferromagnetCeFe2 (1998)

Neutron inelastic scattering experiments on single crystals of the itinerant ferromagnet ${\mathrm{CeFe}}_{2}$ show that there is a strong competition between the ferromagnetic ground state and an antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state with the wave vector q=[$\frac{1}{2}$$\frac{1}{2}$$\frac{1}{2}$]. The ferromagnetic spin wave has a small temperature-independent gap of 0.25 meV and a reduced (compared to other rare-earth ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$ Laves phases) stiffness constant of $D=155(5)\mathrm{meV}{\AA{}}^{2}.$ The strong fluctuations around the AF wave vector give rise to an AF spin-wave dispersion relationship that can be followed across the reduced AF Brillouin zone. The gap in the AF excitation spectrum is \ensuremath{\sim}1 meV at 15 K and rises to \ensuremath{\sim}5 meV above 100 K. At low temperature with a window of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 GHz, we observe an apparent static AF component of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.05{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ superimposed on the ferromagnetic component of $1.2{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Fe atom. The spatial correlations of these AF fluctuations extend over many unit cells at low temperature. Our measurements have not detected any response directly from the Ce moments; so we assume that their response is spread over a wide energy range. M\"ossbauer spectra show an anomalous behavior of the Lamb-M\"ossbauer factor as a function of temperature and also show that the magnetic system is not saturated even at large (5 T) fields, suggesting that short-range AF order may persist to higher temperatures than the medium-range order observed in the neutron experiments.
A high-efficiency 1.5 kW, 390-50 V half-bridge converter operated at 100% duty-ratio (2003)

A half-bridge isolated step-down converter operated at nearly unity duty-ratio for very high efficiency is discussed. It is meant to interface the 390 V regulated output of a 1.5 kW power factor correction unit to a 50 V distribution bus. It is based on the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) scheme of the phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) approach, but since the duty ratio does not vary from near unity, the output inductor is omitted. The ring of the output rectifier capacitance with the transformer leakage inductance is therefore clamped by the output capacitor, which permits the oscillation energy to be recovered. This, together with ZVS of the MOSFETs, gives the converter an efficiency greater than 95% at full load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: CODIMERISIERUNG VON BUTADIEN UND ACRYLSAEUREESTER (1971)

Abstract Die Codimerisierung von Butadien (I) mit Acrylsäuremethylester (II) in Benzol bei 110°C unter Druck und in Gegenwart von Eisen‐Komplex‐Katalysatoren, z.B. Fe(III)‐acetonylacetonat/Triphenylstibin/Triäthylaluminium(Molverhältnis 1:124), ergibt in 54%iger Ausbeute ein 1:2‐Gemisch aus Heptadien‐(2‐cis‐5‐cis)‐säuremethylester (III) und Heptadien‐(2‐trans‐5 cis)‐säuremethylester (IV).
Measurements of fuel and ablator ρR in Symmetry-Capsule implosions with the Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility (2014)

The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) measures the neutron spectrum in the energy range of 4–20 MeV. This paper describes MRS measurements of DT-fuel and CH-ablator ρR in DT gas-filled symmetry-capsule implosions at the NIF. DT-fuel ρR's of 80–140 mg/cm² and CH-ablator ρR's of 400–680 mg/cm² are inferred from MRS data. The measurements were facilitated by an improved correction of neutron-induced background in the low-energy part of the MRS spectrum. This work demonstrates the accurate utilization of the complete MRS-measured neutron spectrum for diagnosing NIF DT implosions.
Cooperative Hybridization of Oligonucleotides (2010)

Nucleic acids have been demonstrated to be versatile nanoscale engineering materials with the construction of dynamic DNA structures, motors, and circuits. These constructions generally rely on the clever use and integration of relatively few reaction mechanisms and design primitives. Here, cooperative hybridization is introduced as a mechanism in which two oligonucleotides of independent sequence can stoichiometrically, simultaneously, and cooperatively hybridize to a DNA complex. Cooperative hybridization is rigorously characterized and modeled and is shown to implement digital concentration comparison with amplification, as well as digital Boolean logic. These designs, based on cooperative hybridization, excel in being robust to impurities and not requiring oligonucleotide purification.
Self-assembly of ropes of cyanine dye molecules (1998)

Cyanine molecules self-assemble into molecular ropes. Through the aid of a polyelectrolyte, which is oppositely charged compared to the dye, this ability is even enhanced and leads to formation of individual ropes with lengths up to a few hundred nanometers, widths on the order of ten nanometers, and a few nanometers in height. These ropes were attached to chemically modified surfaces of atomically flat gold and substrates bearing a gold/palladium electrode pattern.
A framework to analyze the economic feasibility of cycling facilities (2018)

This chapter seeks to analyze cycling investment from an economic framework with cost–benefit setting. It also seeks to provide planners, transportation specialists, and health advocates with detailed economic analysis worksheets to determine the full costs and benefits of promoting bicycling in urban and suburban areas. The chapter discusses the proposed cost–benefit analysis (CBA) framework by introducing the main inputs and outputs for estimating the most important benefit components and expenses associated with bicycle facilities. CBA has become a powerful tool used in planning and policy efforts at all levels of transportation planning. The chapter presents a case study in which a CBA is developed to determine whether the benefits of an added cycling facility can justify the expenditure of several million dollars. It also presents recommendations for research, policy, and other measures that can be taken to meet the goals of the study.
Development of a magnetostrictive drive rotary motor driven by circular parallel movement (2007)

A novel magnetostrictive rotary motor using Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9) material as the driving element is developed. The motor is constructed of three giant magnetostrictive actuators connected to a stator frame and a rotor is placed in the center of the stator. The small movement of the magnetostrictive actuator is scaled to three times by using flexible flexure hinges and a specially designed mechanism is used to combine three such actuators to form a pure rotation movement and this movement is used to drive the rotor of the motor. A prototype of this research motor is made and a common three-phase alternating current is used to drive it. Preliminary experiments are also carried out in the laboratory of School of Mechanical Engineering of Hangzhou Dianzi University.
Perspective: Quantifying Osteoblast and Osteocyte Apoptosis: Challenges and Rewards (2007)

Since the initial demonstration of the phenomenon in murine and human bone sections approximately 10 yr ago, appreciation of the biologic significance of osteoblast apoptosis has contributed greatly not only to understanding the regulation of osteoblast number during physiologic bone remodeling, but also the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and the pharmacology of some of the drugs used for their treatment. It is now appreciated that all major regulators of bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnts, other growth factors and cytokines, integrins, estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP), immobilization, and the oxidative stress associated with aging contribute to the regulation of osteoblast and osteocyte life span by modulating apoptosis. Moreover, osteocyte apoptosis has emerged as an important regulator of remodeling on the bone surface and a critical determinant of bone strength, independently of bone mass. The detection of apoptotic osteoblasts in bone sections remains challenging because apoptosis represents only a tiny fraction of the life span of osteoblasts, not unlike a 6-mo-long terminal illness in the life of a 75-yr-old human. Importantly, the phenomenon is 50 times less common in human bone biopsies because human osteoblasts live longer and are fewer in number. Be that as it may, well-controlled assays of apoptosis can yield accurate and reproducible estimates of the prevalence of the event, particularly in rodents where there is an abundance of osteoblasts for inspection. In this perspective, we focus on the biological significance of the phenomenon for understanding basic bone biology and the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic bone diseases and discuss limitations of existing techniques for quantifying osteoblast apoptosis in human biopsies and their methodologic pitfalls.
Grain Growth Mechanism of Heavily Phosphorus‐Implanted Polycrystalline Silicon (1978)

Grain growth phenomena of heavily phosphorus‐implanted polycrystalline silicon films owing to high temperature annealing are investigated by transmission electron microscope. Phosphorus doping in excess of is found to enhance grain growth. This growth is broken down into primary and secondary recrystallization. Isochronal annealing reveals the activation energies for these as 2.4 and 1.0 eV, respectively. The driving force of the primary recrystallization is found to be the interface energy. Therefore, the elementary process behind the primary recrystallization is attributed to silicon diffusion across the grain boundary region.
A Hardware-in-the-Loop Transient Diesel Engine Test System for Control and Diagnostic Development (2001)

Abstract This paper describes the design and capabilities of a state-of-the-art diesel engine transient test system, which has been developed and built in the Powertrain Control Research Laboratory (PCRL) at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. The system includes a hydrostatic transient dynamometer capable of approximately 300 Hz actuation bandwidth, which is integrated with a dynamic vehicle drivetrain model that runs in real time. This hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system simulates dynamic torque loading on the engine while performing an FTP, NEDC, J10.15, or any other drive cycles. The dynamometer system is complemented with transient emissions instrumentation to evaluate the state and composition of engine feed gases, and pre and post catalytic converter gases. Included in this paper are details of the design philosophy, why a hydrostatic design was used, specifics on the hardware of the system, as well as experimental data from the system.
Demyeliating neuropathy and monoclonal IgM antibody to myelin‐associated glycoprotein (1983)

We studied a patient with demyelinating neuropathy and monoclonal IgM kappa antibody to the major myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Binding of this monoclonal antibody to the myelin antigen was demonstrated by immunoelectroblot. Binding to MAG seemed to be specific, because it was completely inhibited by MAG isolated from human myelin. Immunostaining was observed with MAG from CNS and peripheral nervous system myelin.
AjaxScope (2007)

The rise of the software-as-a-service paradigm has led to the development of a new breed of sophisticated, interactive applications often called Web 2.0. While web applications have become larger and more complex, web application developers today have little visibility into the end-to-end behavior of their systems. This paper presents AjaxScope, a dynamic instrumentation platform that enables cross-user monitoring and just-in-time control of web application behavior on end-user desktops. AjaxScope is a proxy that performs on-the-fly parsing and instrumentation of JavaScript code as it is sent to users' browsers. AjaxScope provides facilities for distributed and adaptive instrumentation in order to reduce the client-side overhead, while giving fine-grained visibility into the code-level behavior of web applications. We present a variety of policies demonstrating the power of AjaxScope, ranging from simple error reporting and performance profiling to more complex memory leak detection and optimization analyses. We also apply our prototype to analyze the behavior of over 90 Web 2.0 applications and sites that use large amounts of JavaScript.
Experimental Mesocosm Study of the Separate and Interaction Effects of Phosphorus and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) on Plankton Community Structure (1990)

We examined community impacts of phosphorus and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in an experimental mesocosm study of factorial design in which two levels of phosphorus addition were cross-classified with two levels of fish. Total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll, cryptomonads, unicellular green algae, unicellular blue-green algae, colonial blue-green algae, filamentous blue-green algae, chironomid tube length, cladocerans, fish density, and fish biomass were significantly enhanced in the presence of phosphorus addition. Total nitrogen (TN), TN:TP ratio, Secchi depth, chrysophytes, and periphytic diatoms were suppressed in the presence of phosphorus addition. Diatoms, filamentous blue-green algae, chrysophytes, periphytic unicellular and colonial green algae, periphytic filamentous blue-green algae, and rotifers were enhanced in the presence of mosquitofish. Secchi depth, TN:TP ratio, cyclopoid copepodids, nauplii, cladocerans, and chironomid tubes were suppressed in the presence of mosquitofish. We found significant phosphorus × mosquitofish interaction effects for TN:TP ratio, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, periphytic colonial green algae, cladocerans, and chironomid tubes. These results show that nutrients and fish do not act as independent regulators of plankton communities but instead have effects which can only be predicted from an understanding of their combined impacts.
EMG-triggered electrical stimulation is a feasible intervention to apply to multiple arm muscles in people early after stroke, but does not improve strength and activity more than usual therapy: a randomized feasibility trial (2013)

It is feasible to apply EMG-triggered electrical stimulation to multiple muscles of the upper limb in very weak people early after stroke. However, it does not appear to improve strength or activity beyond usual arm therapy that contains strengthening.
Analysis of shaft torsional vibration in inverter-fed induction motor drive systems (2002)

Analytical methods for steady-state shaft torsional vibration in inverter-fed induction motor drive systems which include modal analysis, the concept of fatigue, and torsional vibration criteria are described. The proposed method is simple, and its accuracy is verified by simulation and experimental results. With this method, the drive system can be evaluated for potential risks by a relatively simple and inexpensive procedure. In particular, this method is useful when the natural frequency range of the drive system can be moved outside the speed range by changing system components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electron Microprobe/SIMS Determinations of Al in Olivine: Applications to Solar Wind, Pallasites and Trace Element Measurements (2020)

Electron probe microanalyzer measurements of trace elements with high accuracy are challenging. Accurate Al measurements in olivine are required to calibrate SIMS implant reference materials for measurement of Al in the solar wind. We adopt a combined EPMA/SIMS approach that is useful for producing SIMS reference materials as well as for EPMA at the ~100 μg g<sup>-1</sup> level. Even for mounts not polished with alumina photoelectron spectroscopy shows high levels of Al surface contamination. In order to minimize electron beam current density, a rastered 50 × 100 μm electron beam was adequate and minimized sensitivity to small Al-rich contaminants. Reproducible analyses of eleven SIMS-cleaned spots on San Carlos olivine agreed at 69.3 ± 1.0 μg g<sup>-1</sup>• The known Al mass fraction was used to calibrate an Al implant into San Carlos. Accurate measurements of Al were made for olivines in the pallasites: lmilac, Eagle Station and Springwater. Our focus was on Al in olivine, but our technique could be refined to give accurate electron probe measurements for other contamination-sensitive trace elements. For solar wind, it is projected that the Al/Mg abundance ratio can be determined to 6%, a factor of 2 more precise than the solar spectroscopic ratio.
Predictive Measures of Directional Benefit Part 2: Verification of Different Approaches to Estimating Directional Benefit (2007)

For environments that included a discrete number of noise sources, the in situ SNR and Db SNR estimates were most predictive of subject performance. No predictive approach was indicative of the directional benefit achieved when the speech was also subjected to reverberation (temporal distortion). This finding has implications for real-world estimates of directional benefit.
CASH-FLOW TAXATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES (1996)

Introduction of a consumption-based tax in the United States will require finding a method for taxing financial intermediation services. This paper describes the "cash-flow" method of taxation and its application to financial services companies. The cashflow method is used to tax certain financial companies in the Unlimited Savings Allowance (USA) bill introduced by Senators Nunn and Domenici. Tax liability estimates under the USA cashflow tax are presented for a sample of banks, insurance companies, and securities brokers. These results indicate that the financial sector would likely enjoy a substantial tax cut under the USA tax.
Comparative Analgesic and Mental Effects of Increasing Plasma Concentrations of Dexmedetomidine and Alfentanil in Humans (2004)

This study documents that systemic dexmedetomidine lacks analgesic efficacy for heat and electrical pain at doses causing mild to severe sedation. These results provide further evidence suggesting that systemic administration of dexmedetomidine lacks broad analgesic activity in models of acute pain at doses not rendering humans unconscious.
[Contribution to the problem of central serous retinal detachment (author's transl)]. (1975)

We described extensive and multifocal serous detachment of the neuroretina in cases of Harada's disease, optic head pitting, coloboma of choroid and optic nerve-head and bullous retinal detachment (Gass). Peripapillary serous detachment occurred in an additional case after branch occlusion of central retinal artery. Systemic steroids were useful in Harada's disease. The other cases required photocoagulation or argon laser treatment. Bullous retinal detachment did not heal until a buckling procedure was performed. The serous detachment of the neuroretina is considered as an uniform tissue-reaction of choroid, pigmentepithelium and neuroretina. The pathogenesis for this is unknown.
Mild coal gasification: Product separation, pilot-unit support, twin screw heat transfer, and H sub 2 S evolution (1991)

Our general objective is to further the development of efficient continuous mild coal gasification processes. Our efforts this year have been in four main areas. A new thrust has been to identify and develop efficient processes to separate the vapor product stream into particulate-free liquid and mist-free gas. We continued work aimed at predicting heat transfer rates (hence throughput) in externally-heated twin-screw pyrolyzers. We sought to provide technical support for the design, installation, startup, and operation of the DOE-sponsored 500 kg/hr twin-screw mild gasification unit at Coal Technology Corporation (CTC). A smaller laboratory effort had the objective of identifying and testing the reaction mechanisms of sulfur species during coal pyrolysis. Detailed subproject objectives are given in their respective sections. 20 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
An innovative non-grounding haptic interface 'GyroCubeSensuous' displaying illusion sensation of push, pull and lift (2005)

No abstract available.
Erratum to “Bortezomib for Refractory Autoimmunity in Pediatrics” [Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014;20(10):1654-1659] (2015)

In the above-mentioned article, the last author's middle initial has been misprinted. The correct name should read “Alexandra H. Filipovich.” Bortezomib for Refractory Autoimmunity in PediatricsBiology of Blood and Marrow TransplantationVol. 20Issue 10PreviewTherapy of refractory autoimmunity remains challenging. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, by targeting plasma cells in 7 patients (median age, 9.9 years). Four doses of bortezomib were administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously (n = 6) or subcutaneously (n = 1) every 72 hours. Bortezomib was administered at a median of 120 days from laboratory confirmation of autoantibodies. All patients had failed 2 or more standard therapies. Rituximab was administered on the first day if B cells were present, and all patients received plasmapheresis 2 hours before bortezomib administration. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
3-D shape measurement of complex objects by combining photogrammetry and fringe projection (2000)

A new concept for 3-D shape measurement of complex ob- jects is proposed, which is based on photogrammetry and fringe projec- tion. The shape of a partial view is determined by a combination of the phase-shift method for fringe evaluation and a photogrammetric triangu- lation to calculate the 3-D coordinates related to the sensor coordinate system. For the measurement of complex objects, partial views are taken from different sensor positions. The problem of matching the par- tial views into each other is solved by transforming each sensor position and the relating point cloud of the shape in a global coordinate system by photogrammetric matching of reference targets. © 2000 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)02701-X)
Transient torque and short circuit capabilities of variable speed permanent magnet motors (1987)

A high performance motor drive must produce peak torque which is much larger than its continuously rated value. This paper analyzes the capability of two types of permanent magnet motors using N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</inf> B magnets and shows that an essentially linear relationship between torque and stator current can be achieved up to the order of 6 times rated current without magnet demagnetization. Also, the motors can be designed to withstand terminal short circuits without magnet damage. These properties have been experimentally verified on two laboratory motors.
Electric field in a p–n -abrupt-junction diode as obtained by exact computer solution of the differential equations (1967)

A computer solution for the current, continuity and Poisson&apos;s differential equations has been obtained for the forward steady-state behaviour of a 1-dimensional abrupt p+-n-junction germanium diode at zero and at low to high injection levels at 300° K. The numerical integration has been performed in and outside the space-charge layer of the p-n junction by using the Hall-Shockley-Read and the Auger recombination processes and by eliminating the Boltzmann equilibrium approximation in the space-charge layer and the space-charge neutrality approximation in the quasineutral p and n region. The numerical results for the electric-field distributions are reported.