gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes by 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Towards the Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors with Promoted Electron Transfer (2004)

Abstract A simple procedure has been described for the fabrication of multi‐wall carbon nanotube (CNT) based electrochemical sensors. 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) induced solubilization of CNTs allowed for the modification of electrode surfaces. With glucose oxidase (GOx), a flavin (FAD) containing enzyme as a model system, APTES was used as a solubilizing agent for CNTs as well as an immobilization matrix for GOx to construct a mediatorless biosensor. Our biosensor was able to efficiently monitor direct electroactivity of GOx at the electrode surface. A well‐defined glucose response was observed at −0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) whereas relevant physiological levels (0.1 mM) of three common interfering species, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and acetaminophen, resulted in no response. Although CNTs modified by APTES acted as semiconductors to reduce the exposed sensing surface, we reasoned nanoscale “dendrites” of CNTs modified by APTES formed a network and projected outwards from the electrode surface and acted like bundled ultra‐microelectrodes that allowed access to the active FAD site and facilitated direct electron transfer to the immobilized enzyme. The glucose biosensor prepared using a carbon fiber (11 μm) exhibited picoamperometric current response within 5 s with detection limits of 5–10 μM.
Development of a stigmatic imaging mass spectrometer using laser desorption/ionization (2011)

Imaging mass spectrometry based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization gives distributions of multiple biomolecules and identification of analytes in a tissue section. We are developing a stigmatic imaging mass spectrometer using a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer, MULTUM-IMG. A mesh pattern image was obtained with spatial resolution of 3 &mu;m. Separation of stigmatic ion images according to the mass-to-charge ratio was also successfully demonstrated with the micro-dot pattern made with crystal violet and methylene blue. An ion image of a micro-dot pattern sample was observed after ten cycles in the multi-turn circuit of MULTUM-IMG, and the pattern of the sample was maintained. Then, stigmatic ion images of the ions of crystal violet and methylene blue produced from the stained section of a brain were observed. An ion image of whole part of a hippocampus (3.25 mm &times; 1.5 mm) in the brain section can be obtained within 13 minutes.
Two-Camera Acquisition and Tracking of a Flying Target (2008)

A method and apparatus have been developed to solve the problem of automated acquisition and tracking, from a location on the ground, of a luminous moving target in the sky. The method involves the use of two electronic cameras: (1) a stationary camera having a wide field of view, positioned and oriented to image the entire sky; and (2) a camera that has a much narrower field of view (a few degrees wide) and is mounted on a two-axis gimbal. The wide-field-of-view stationary camera is used to initially identify the target against the background sky. So that the approximate position of the target can be determined, pixel locations on the image-detector plane in the stationary camera are calibrated with respect to azimuth and elevation. The approximate target position is used to initially aim the gimballed narrow-field-of-view camera in the approximate direction of the target. Next, the narrow-field-of view camera locks onto the target image, and thereafter the gimbals are actuated as needed to maintain lock and thereby track the target with precision greater than that attainable by use of the stationary camera.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activities of Pyrogallol‐Based Arylspiroborates (2015)

Arylspiroborate salts derived from pyrogallol, gallic acid, and propyl gallate have been prepared and characterized fully, including an X‐ray diffraction study for the tetrabutylammonium gallic acid complex 4 . The tetrabutylammonium salts were examined for their potential anticancer activities against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines, using NBu 4 [Bcat 2 ] (cat = catecholato) as a control.
Path Selection with Amplify and Forward Relays in mmWave Backhaul Networks (2018)

This paper focuses on the problem of path selection with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays for long-range ultra-high-speed millimeter wave (mmWave) backhaul networks in urban environments. Relays are selected between a pair of source and destination nodes to achieve the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination. We first derive an equation for the end-to-end SNR of a relay path in a setting that approximates the urban mmWave backhaul environment. Based on the derived equation, we transform the maximum throughput relay selection problem to the shortest path problem in graphs. Dijkstra's algorithm can then be used to find maximum throughput relay paths, which however are shown to require a large number of relays. To address this, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm to find a highest throughput path with a given number of hops. Simulation results based on 3-D models of a section of downtown Atlanta show that these algorithms can be combined to find relay paths with a small number of hops and very high throughput.
Telephone Management of Acute Pediatric Illnesses (1978)

Abstract To evaluate the telephone management of five common acute pediatric problems, a "programmed mother" made unidentified calls to five pediatric nurse practitioners, 28 pediatric house officers and 23 pediatricians in practice. Calls were tape recorded and scored for history taking, disposition and interviewing skill. Nurse practitioners averaged 79.6 per cent of the total possible theoretical score for history taking, house officers 69.1 per cent, and practicing pediatricians 52.6 per cent (P<0.001). For disposition, nurse practitioners averaged 71.1 per cent of the maximum score, in contrast to 60.1 per cent for house officers and 58.9 per cent for practicing pediatricians. Similarly, nurse practitioners had significantly higher (P<0.001) scores for interviewing skills. No significant differences were found among house officers in the first, second and third years in history taking, disposition or interviewing skills. We conclude that pediatric nurse practitioners manage common pediatric problems by telephone better than house officers or practicing pediatricians and that better training for this aspect of practice is needed. (N Engl J Med 298:130–135, 1978)
Relationship between 6‐ and 9‐month progression‐free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with first‐line cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (2013)

PFS at 6 and 9 months predicted OS in this analysis of patients with metastatic UC treated with first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy and could potentially serve as endpoints in (randomized) phase 2 trials to screen the activity of novel regimens.
Blending Octane Number of Ethanol on a Volume and Molar Basis in SI and HCCI Combustion Modes (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The blending behavior of ethanol in five different hydrocarbon base fuels with octane numbers of approximately 70 and 84 was examined under Spark-Ignited (SI) and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignited (HCCI) operating conditions. The Blending octane number (BON) was used to characterize the blending behavior on both a volume and molar basis. Previous studies have shown that the blending behavior of ethanol generally follows several well-established rules. In particular, non-linear blending effects are generally observed on a volume basis (i.e. BON &amp;gt; RON or MON of pure ethanol; 108 and 89, respectively), while linear blending effects are generally observed on a molar basis (i.e. BON = RON or MON of pure ethanol). This work firstly demonstrates that the non-linear volumetric blending effects traditionally observed under SI operating conditions are also observed under HCCI operating conditions. In keeping with previous studies, the degree of this non-linearity is shown to be a function of the base fuel composition and octane number. By contrast, the molar blending approach is shown to behave differently depending on the chosen combustion mode, with some non-linearity observed under HCCI operating conditions (i.e. BON ≠ RON or MON of pure ethanol). This suggests that the well-established blending rules for SI operating conditions may not always be relevant to other combustion modes that operate with globally lean or diluted air-fuel mixtures. This has implications for the design of future fuel specifications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Global distribution of mcr gene variants in 214,095 metagenomic samples (2021)

Abstract Since the initial discovery of a mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), several other variants have been reported, some of which might have circulated a while before being discovered. Metagenomic data provides an opportunity to re-analyze available older data to understand the evolutionary history of recently discovered antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we present a large-scale metagenomic study of 442 Tbp of sequencing reads from 214,095 samples to identify the host and geographical distribution and genomic context of nine mcr gene variants (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Our results show that the dissemination of each variant is not uniform. Instead, the source and location play a role in the spread. Despite the very diverse distribution, the genomic background of the mcr genes remains unchanged as the same mobile genetic elements and plasmid replicons occur. This work emphasizes the importance of sharing genomic data for surveillance of ARGs in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Fuzzy logic technology and the intelligent highway system (IHS) (2002)

The authors give an overview of the application of fuzzy logic technology (FLT) to the intelligent highway system (IHS) and, more specifically, to one of its essential components, the intelligent vehicle (IV). They show that the IV/IHS effort encompasses tasks ranging from straightforward control engineering problems to the complex interplay of control, communication and decision which characterizes the information and management systems in which the driver-vehicle system is embedded. The role of FLT in the IV/IHS effort is discussed. In particular, the status of the effort and current trends are highlighted by reviewing and discussing some representative papers from two conferences on the subject.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Structure of 1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-disila-closo-dodecaborane(12), Reaction with [Zr(NMe2)4] and [Ta(NMe2)5] (1998)

Diphenyl-o-silaborane (1) can be obtained by sublimation as colourless crystalline material in a yield of 23%. The disilaborane 1 was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray structure analysis. The neutral closo cluster 1 reacts with [Zr(NMe2)4] or [Ta(NMe2)5] to give the dimethylamide adduct [(Me2N)(PhSi)2B10H10]– of the disilaborane. Synthese und Struktur von 1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-disila-closo-dodecaboran(12), Reaktion mit [Zr(NMe2)4] und [Ta(NMe2)5] Für den closo-Cluster 1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-disila-closo-dodecaboran(12) (1) wird eine Synthese vorgestellt, nach der das Silaboran als farblose Kristalle durch Sublimation in Ausbeuten von 23% erhalten werden kann. 1 wurde durch NMR-Spektroskopie, hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie und eine Kristallstrukturbestimmung charakterisiert. Die Übergangsmetallamide [Zr(NMe2)4] oder [Ta(NMe2)5] reagieren mit dem Disilaboran 1 zum Dimethylamid-Addukt [(Me2N)(PhSi)2B10H10]–.
Theoretical Study on the Reaction of Ti+with Acetone and the Role of Intersystem Crossing (2009)

Ti(+) is known to react with acetone (CH(3)COCH(3)) to produce TiO(+) and CH(2)CHCH(3) as products, but the detailed reaction mechanism and the most favorable reaction pathway have not yet been elucidated. Here, we investigate the doublet and quartet potential-energy surfaces associated with the gas-phase reaction between Ti(+) and acetone for three plausible pathways, (i) direct metal-ion insertion into the C=O bond, (ii) direct H shift, and (iii) metal-mediated H migration, by using the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods. The molecular structures of intermediates and transition states involved in these reaction pathways are optimized at the DFT level by using the PBE0 functional. All transition states are identified by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, and the resulting reaction coordinates describe how Ti(+) activates the C=O bond of CH(3)COCH(3) (acetone) and yields TiO(+) and CH(2)CHCH(3) (propene) as products. The intersystem crossing (ISC) point is optimized by a multireference ab initio method, and spin-orbit effects are considered around the ISC point. On the basis of the presented results, we propose that the most favorable reaction pathway proceeds via the direct metal-ion insertion into the C=O bond and passes through an ISC point.
The Impact of Liars on Reputation in Social Networks (2005)

In this paper we consider a closed social network with a certain proportion of liars who are trying to influence their peers ’ reputation about some subject. Each person’s reputation about this subject is based on both own direct experience and second hand information from their peers which cannot be verified. Given certain assumptions on when people believe or do not believe second hand information, we investigate the liars ’ impact on their peers ’ reputation about the subject. We present a mathematical model for this situation and show that there is a threshold proportion of liars below which they have no impact. Above it, liars do have an impact. We quantify this impact and give the threshold proportions. We compare our results in two fundamentally different scenarios: In the first one, reputation is passed on as second hand information. In the second one, direct experience only is passed on as second hand information. We find that in the latter scenario liars have less impact.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes from a New Zealand Sponge of the Genus Eurypon. (1989)

Abstract The cytotoxic constituent (I) and the inactive compounds (II)‐(IV) are identified in the sponge extract.
Total Enzyme Syntheses of Napyradiomycins A1 and B1 (2018)

The biosynthetic route to the napyradiomycin family of bacterial meroterpenoids has been fully described 32 years following their original isolation and 11 years after their gene cluster discovery. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic natural products napyradiomycins A1 and B1 are produced using three organic substrates (1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and geranyl pyrophosphate), and catalysis via five enzymes: two aromatic prenyltransferases (NapT8 and T9); and three vanadium dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) homologues (NapH1, H3, and H4). Building upon the previous characterization of NapH1, H3, and T8, we herein describe the initial (NapT9, H1) and final (NapH4) steps required for napyradiomycin construction. This remarkably streamlined biosynthesis highlights the utility of VHPO enzymology in complex natural product generation, as NapH4 efficiently performs a unique chloronium-induced terpenoid cyclization to establish two stereocenters and a new carbon-carbon bond, and dual-acting NapH1 catalyzes chlorination and etherification reactions at two distinct stages of the pathway. Moreover, we employed recombinant napyradiomycin biosynthetic enzymes to chemoenzymatically synthesize milligram quantities in one pot in 1 day. This method represents a viable enantioselective approach to produce complex halogenated metabolites, like napyradiomycin B1, that have yet to be chemically synthesized.
A randomised clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of alcohol-free or alcohol-containing mouthrinses with chlorhexidine on gingival bleeding (2015)

Objectives Gingival bleeding following twice-daily use of 0.2% w/v chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with and without alcohol (0.2% CHX-alcohol; 0.2% CHX-alcohol-free, respectively) and brushing with a standard fluoride toothpaste was compared to brushing alone. Methods Three hundred and nineteen subjects with mild-to-moderate gingivitis (with ≥16 gradable permanent teeth including four molars, bleeding after brushing and ≥20 bleeding sites) completed this randomised, examiner-blinded, parallel-group study. A prophylaxis was performed at baseline. Gingival Severity Index (GSI; primary objective), Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI) were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Results Between treatment differences at week 6 demonstrated significantly lower GSI for the 0.2% CHX-alcohol and 0.2% CHX-alcohol-free groups compared to brushing alone (primary endpoint; treatment difference −0.061 [95% CI −0.081, −0.041] and −0.070 [95% CI −0.090, −0.050], respectively; both p <0.0001). There were also significant reductions in GI and PI for the 0.2% CHX-alcohol and 0.2% CHX-alcohol-free groups compared to brushing alone (all p <0.0001). The proportion of subjects reporting ≥1 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 27.8% (0.2% CHX-alcohol), 24.8% (0.2% CHX-alcohol-free) and 3.7% (brushing alone). Conclusions Chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol as an adjunct to brushing with regular fluoride toothpaste significantly reduces bleeding scores, plaque and gingival inflammation compared to brushing alone. TRAEs are characteristic of those associated with the use of chlorhexidine and are similar for both mouthrinses.
Ex Vivo Treatment of Bone Marrow with Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide OL(l)p53 for Autologous Transplantation in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (1997)

Effective ex vivo purging techniques can decrease the likelihood of infusing bone marrow contaminated with leukemic cells during autologous transplantation. In preliminary studies, OL(1)p53, a 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide directed against p53 mRNA, decreased the number of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells in vitro, suggesting a possible role for OL(1)p53 in purging bone marrow harvests of leukemia cells. To demonstrate that OL(1)p53 was nontoxic to hematopoietic progenitor cells, normal bone marrow cells were incubated with 10 microM OL(1)p53 for 36 h, and hematopoietic progenitor cell survival was determined by in vitro colony assays. OL(1)p53 had no toxic effect on the growth of either myeloid (CFU-GM) or erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells. OL(1)p53 was then used to ex vivo purge bone marrow harvests from nine patients with either AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Bone marrow cells were incubated with 10 microM OL(1)p53 for 36 h before transplantation. The median times posttransplantation for the patient to recover an absolute neutrophil count greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a platelet transfusion independence were 30 days and 56 days, respectively. Incubation of bone marrow cells with OL(1)p53 had no detrimental effect on the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells treated with the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, OL(1)p53, resulted in successful recovery of circulating neutrophils following high-dose therapy in patients with AML or MDS. The data show that OL(1)p53 can be used safely to purge autologous bone marrow harvests from patients with leukemia.
Purification and properties of sterol carrier protein2. (1980)

The present article describes the purification and properties of sterol carrier proteinz (SCPz), which has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver 303,000 X g soluble supernatant ( s 3 0 3 ) .SCPZ activates the microsomal conversion of 4,4-dimethyl-A8-cholestenol to CZ, sterol and the microsomal conversion of 7dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol.The purification factors achieved during SCPZ purification were essentially the same (1400-to 1500-fold) for both substrates.In contrast to SCPl, SCPZ did not activate the microsomal conversion of squalene to lanosterol.Evidence for the homogeneity of the purified SCPz includes the following: (i) a single band in basic, acidic, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, (ii) a single band in analytical isoelectric focusing, and (iii) exact correspondence between SCPz activity and stained protein absorbance in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.SCPz is a basic protein (PI E 8.6) with a molecular weight of 13,500, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The most abundant amino acid is lysine (14.0 mole 8).In addition, SCP2 has no arginine or tyrosine.
Statistical Considerations for Adiabatic Compression Testing (2016)

ASTM G74 has been used for many years to evaluate nonmetallic materials and components for oxygen service. When originally published in 1982, this standard considered a “passing” result to be zero ignitions of a material out of 20 samples tested. However, researchers have recognized that the originally prescribed methodology results in a cumulative binomial confidence of about 36 % for a passing result. As a result, the low confidence for a passing result could be potentially misleading when results are used to qualify materials or components for oxygen service, unless the data is analyzed through available statistical approaches. This paper summarizes research performed to evaluate the statistical aspects of gaseous fluid impact testing so that ignition probabilities can be considered in the test methodology. Data derived by the test method are evaluated by a logistic regression approach in order to describe the behavior of the materials being tested and to compare different materials or test conditions. Therefore, the statistical aspects of the test are shown to be crucial to understanding and applying the data obtained. This paper demonstrates that the ASTM G74 test and all international tests of a similar nature because all use the same test embodiment and are inherently probabilistic and subject to variability that seems random without application of appropriate statistical analysis. However, meaningful results can be developed when the appropriate statistical tools are utilized. Logistic regression analysis is only one available method to analyze binomial data (ignition/no-ignition); but it is a powerful tool that can help to bring clarity to the trends in data that are obscured by sometimes seemingly random behavior.
Correlating defect density with carrier mobility in large-scaled graphene films: Raman spectral signatures for the estimation of defect density (2010)

We report a correlation between carrier mobility and defect density in large-scaled graphene films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Raman spectroscopy is used for investigating the layer number and the crystal quality of graphene films, and the defect density is estimated by the intensity ratios of the D and G peaks. By carefully controlling the growth parameters, especially the H(2)/CH(4) ratios during growth, and employing H(2) during cooling, monolayer-dominant graphene films can be obtained with different D peak intensities in Raman spectra, which show good correspondence with their carrier mobility obtained by Hall measurements. Also, a progressive shift of neutrality points to a more negative gate voltage is observed with the increase in defect density. Both the connections of carrier mobility and the shift of neutrality points to a negative direction in relation to the defect density in graphene are observed for the first time in CVD-grown graphene films. With the best growth conditions, a cm-scaled graphene film with carrier mobility of ∼ 1350 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) (p-type in air) can be obtained.