gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complications of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management. (1998)

Complications of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination are uncommon. Fewer than one in 1000 people vaccinated develop significant local reactions, and serious disseminated disease develops in fewer than one in a million. Localised complications--which include hypersensitivity reactions, abscesses at the injection site, and localised lymphadenopathy--are usually self limiting. They usually result from faulty technique, including the accidental intracutaneous injection of the stronger percutaneous vaccine, or poor selection of subjects for vaccination. Abscesses at the injection site usually respond to drainage and chemotherapy with isoniazid or erythromycin. Lymphadenopathy responds poorly to antimicrobial treatment and surgery may be needed for suppurating or discharging lesions to hasten recovery and give a good cosmetic result. Disseminated disease usually occurs in people with impaired immunity, in whom it is often fatal. BCG should never be given to people who are known to be infected with HIV, but the risk of complications in children born to HIV infected mothers is low. Disseminated disease can also result from intravesical instillation of BCG to treat bladder cancer, but this responds to antituberculosis chemotherapy.
GEPHI – Introduction to Network Analysis and Visualization (2015)

Blogpost, http://www.martingrandjean.ch/gephi-introduction/
Zero-crossing Shapiro steps in high-Tcsuperconducting microstructures tailored by a focused ion beam (2008)

Microwave response of S-shaped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+x}$ (BI-2212) micron-scale samples, in which the supercurrent was forced to flow perpendicular to the crystal layers, was investigated. A treatment with a focused ion beam allowed us to reduce the plasma frequency down to ${f}_{p}\ensuremath{\sim}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$ at $T=0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in naturally stacked Josephson junctions in a crystal. We observed Shapiro steps at frequencies as low as $\ensuremath{\sim}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$. Well-developed zero-crossing Shapiro steps were observed at frequencies as low as $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$. They appeared as constant-voltage plateaus with a nonzero voltage occurring at zero bias current. We confirmed that zero-crossing Shapiro steps in the Bi-2212 stacked junctions can be observed when the irradiated frequency is sufficiently larger than ${f}_{p}$. The observed high-order fractional steps in the microwave responses indicate that the interlayer-coupled Bi-2212 Josephson junctions have nonsinusoidal current-phase relation. Based on the temperature dependence of the steps, we also showed that the finite slope of the steps is due to the enhancement of the phase-diffusion effect.
Hybrid feature selection framework for predicting bridge deck conditions (2022)

Bridge decks’ maintenance funding requirements are influenced by bridge decks' current and predicted future conditions. Additionally, the serviceability of bridges may be negatively impacted by the degradation of bridge decks. Bridge inspections require considerable effort, time, cost, and resources; besides, such inspections may introduce hazards and safety concerns. This paper introduces a data-driven hybrid feature selection framework for predicting bridge deck deterioration conditions and applying it to a bridge deck in Iowa State, USA. Firstly, the Boruta algorithm, stepwise regression, and multi-layer perceptron are employed to find the best subset of features that contribute to bridge deck deterioration. Then, four classification models were developed using the best feature subset of features, namely k-nearest neighbours, random forest, artificial neural networks, and deep neural networks. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized to get their best performance. The developed models showed comparable performance, and the random forest model outperformed the other models in prediction accuracy with fewer misclassifications. The developed models are thought to reduce field inspections and give insights into the most influential factors in bridge deck deterioration conditions.
Differential Processing of Neuropeptides InfluencesDrosophilaHeart Rate (1999)

Peptides that play critical physiological roles are often encoded in precursors that contain several structurally-related gene products. Differential processing of a precursor by cell-specific processing enzymes can yield multiple messengers with diverse distributions and activities. We have reported the isolation of SDNFMRFamide, DPKQDFMRFamide, and TPAEDFMRFamide from adult Drosophila melanogaster. The peptides are encoded in the FMRFamide gene and have a common C-terminal FMRFamide but different N-terminal extensions. In order to investigate the processing of the FMRFamide polypeptide protein precursor, we generated antisera to distinguish among the structurally-related neuropeptides. Utilizing a triple-label immunofluorescent protocol, we mapped the distribution of the peptides. Each peptide has a unique, non-overlapping cellular expression pattern in neural tissue suggesting that the precursor is differentially processed. In order to identify a biological activity of the peptides, we established an in vivo heart rate assay. SDNFMRFamide decreases heart rate but DPKQDFMRFamide and TPAEDFMRFamide do not, indicating that the N-terminal residues are critical for this activity. SDNFMRFamide immunoreactivity is present in the aorta, implying that SDNFMRFamide acts locally to affect heart rate; DPKQDFMRFamide and TPAEDFMRFamide antisera do not stain cardiac tissue. Our data support the conclusion that Drosophila contains cell-specific proteolytic enzymes to differentially process a polypeptide protein precursor resulting in unique expression patterns of structurally-related, yet functionally distinct neuropeptides.
The effects of the folic acid antagonists and 2,6-diaminopurine on neoplastic disease.With special reference to acute leukemia (1951)

INCE the original report by Farber and co-workcrs" on the use of tlie 4-amino derivatives of pteroylglutamic acid1 (folic acid) in thc acute leukemias of childhood, there have been nunierous reports concerning the therapeutic value of this method of treat-,l,ent.3, 21, 23, 2 6 , 39, 40, 12, 5 3 , 5.5, 61, G2, 6 3 , 64, '77, 8 3 , 84, 8s. 89, 91-U3, 95-103 I n this report, the results of antimetabolite therapy in eighty-eight cases of acute leukemia in which treatment a t Memorial Hospital was initiated between Fcbruary, 1948, and November, 1949, will bc discussed. Patients whose treatment was begun alter Kovcniber, 1949, have purposely been omitted, so that at least thirteen months have elapsed since the start of therapy, and, altliougli six arc still living, some idea of the avcragc survival time following treatment may be obtained. l'his can be compared with the survival time of 150 cases of acute leukemia treated at Menioi-ial Hospital prior to 1948, before the advent of antifolic therapy.76 I n addition to the acutc leukemias, a total of seventy-four patients with other types of neoplastic disease have been studied, including eighteen cases of subacute or chronic myelocytic leukemia, three of chronic lymphocytic From the Chemotherapy, Medical, and Pediatric Services of Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, New York, New York.
Phase II study of first-line trebananib plus sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (2014)

286 Background: Trebananib is a first-in-class antiangiogenic therapy that sequesters Ang1 and Ang 2, preventing their interaction with the Tie 2 receptor. A previous study of the combination of trebananib with sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma showed an acceptable toxicity profile. Elevated Ang 2 levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in HCC. We thus evaluated the safety and efficacy of trebananib plus sorafenib in HCC. Methods: Patients with HCC, ECOG ≤ 2, Childs-Pugh A, and adequate organ function received IV trebananib at 10mg/kg weekly (cohort 1) or 15 mg/kg weekly (cohort 2) plus sorafenib 400 mg PO twice daily. Thirty patients were accrued to each cohort to provide a power of 80% with the 1-sided exact test for single proportion at α = 0.20 to show a ≥ 78% PFS rate at 4 months relative to 62% reported in the sorafenib historical control. Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, progression free survival, objective response rate, disease control rate, time to progression, and overall survival. Results: See table. Conclusions: Trebananib at 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg plus sorafenib were well tolerated in patients with advanced HCC. When compared with historical controls, study results did not show an improvement in PFS rate at four months. Clinical trial information: NCT00872014. [Table: see text]
Solar-coal Complementary Electric Generation System and Its Modes (2008)

Utilizing multi energy sources synthetically and efficiently based on the system integration is one of the trends of energy science recently. Researches on solar-coal complementary electric generation system and its modes were performed. Firstly, thermal economy was analyzed when solar energy was used at different surface or heaters in various capacity coal-fired units. It is concluded that using solar energy to evaporate water in large capacity units is better than others; Thermal system was then proposed when the mature parabolic trough collectors were used to collect solar heat and integrated into a native 300 MW coal-fired unit. Finally, the factors affecting the chosen of designed solar irradiance were also discussed during the designing process of solar fields in a hybrid generation unit. In addition, solar resources of three different sites were used as examples to calculate the optimum designed solar irradiance, and the relationship between solar resources and the optimum designed solar irradiance was obtained.
Avaliacao do contributo da expressao genética na tolerância à desidratacao em Rosa x hybrida coltivada em humidade relativa elevada (2014)

Cultivation of cut flowers with high postharvest longevity is of extreme importance for consumer’s satisfaction. A negative water balance is indicated as the most important factor reducing longevity. This problem is more severe in plants grown at high relative air humidity (i.e. RH > 85%) mainly due to a poor stomatal functioning associated to lower abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, leading to higher water loss. In this paper it is analysed whether a sensitive cut rose cultivar to high RH show different gene expression related to ABA metabolism when grown at moderate (60%) or high (90%) RH. RNA was isolated from fully developed leaves, harvested 180 min after the beginning of the dark period (stomatal closing stimulus) and the relative gene expression was evaluated in genes involved in: biosynthesis (AAO3 and NCED1), oxidation (CYP707A1 and CYP707A3) and conjugation (UGT75B2) of ABA. The stomatal conductivity in the dark period was 5.6-fold higher in intact plants developed at high RH compared to moderate RH-grown plants, showing the reduced closure capacity of the stomata during darkness. After 4 h of leaflet desiccation, leaflets grown at high RH showed a relative water content (RWC) 69% lower than the moderate RH-grown leaflets, validating the sensitivity of K023 to high RH during growth. At last, from the five studied genes only the expression of CYP707A3 was significantly reduced by high RH, without significant differences found in the other genes. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the genotype K023 to high RH cannot be explained by the expression of the genes evaluated in this study, using leaves harvested 180 min after the beginning of the dark period (closing stimulus). We expect that after transferring the plants to the postharvest conditions, inducing water stress, a more contrasting gene expression among RH levels will appear.
Estimation de la pluie moyenne sur une aire à partir de l'observation spatiale de la taille des cellules. (2002)

(janvier 2002).
Platinum Group Minerals from Veresovka River Deluvial Placer, Veresovoborsky Dunite–Clinopyroxenite Massif (Middle Urals) (2019)

For the first time data on platinum group minerals (PGM) from the deluvial placer of the Veresovka River are given; their root source are dunites of the northern part of the Veresovoborsky massif. Among minerals typical of this type of placers, Pt–Fe minerals, Os–Ir–(Ru) intermetallic compounds, kashinite, bowieite, laurite, erlichmanite, and Ir–Rh thiospinels have been identified. Irarsite, hollingworthite, zvyagintsevite, potarite, cooperite, ferhodsite, and some unnamed Pb–Те minerals were also revealed, which rare for platinum placers associated with zonal clinopyroxenite–dunite massifs, but are widely distributed in the studied placer. Xingzhongite was detected there for the first time in placers of the Ural Platinum Belt. The morphological features of all these minerals are characterized in detail, together with their chemical composition, determined by electron microprobe analysis. Their genetic relationships are characterized taking into account the aggregate data obtained. This comprehensive study of PGM individuals and aggregates is used as a basis to distinguish the parageneses in their association.
Lack Of Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between The Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Macitentan And Sildenafil In Healthy Subjects (2012)

Macitentan, a new potent, dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), is a potential treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As PAH treatment may involve combination therapy of an ERA with sildenafil, the mutual pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions were investigated using a randomised, 3-way crossover study design (AC-055-106). Twelve healthy male subjects were treated as follows: A) macitentan alone for 4 days (loading dose of 30 mg, thereafter 10 mg o.d.), B) sildenafil alone for 4 days (20 mg t.i.d. on Days 1–3 and 20 mg o.d. on Day 4), C) treatments A and B combined. Plasma concentrations of macitentan and its pharmacologically active metabolite ACT-132577 (A and C) and sildenafil and its N-desmethyl metabolite (B and C) were measured on Day 4. Tolerability was also assessed. The PK of macitentan was not affected (geometric mean ratios for C max and AUC τ close to 1.0 with 90% confidence intervals within 0.8–1.25 bioequivalence limits) by sildenafil while the exposure to ACT-132577 decreased (C max 0.82 [0.76–0.89]; AUC τ 0.85[0.80–0.91]). Exposure to sildenafil increased in the presence of macitentan (C max 1.26 [1.07–0.89]; AUC τ 1.15 [0.94–1.41]), while that to N-desmethylsildenafil was unaffected. All treatments were well tolerated but combined treatment resulted in a higher incidence of adverse events (most commonly headache) and decreased diastolic blood pressure. As no clinically relevant PK interactions were observed between macitentan and sildenafil, dose adjustment of either compound is not necessary during combined treatment.
Activity of pp60c-src protein kinase in human breast cancer. (1989)

Because there is elevation of pp60c-src activity in breast carcinoma tissue, we analyzed primary breast cancer tissue samples from 30 women to determine whether pp60c-src activity correlated with specific clinical parameters. We found that tumors with a progesterone receptor had higher pp60c-src activity than tumors without such a receptor. But there was no association of pp60c-src activity with the presence of an estrogen receptor or of nodes, or with menopausal status or age. The function of pp60c-src in normal cells and in breast cancer is unknown, as is the significance of our finding of an association of elevated pp60c-src activity and the presence of progesterone receptors.
Simulation Monte Carlo du système Intrabeam avec la plate forme GATE (Geant4) pour le cancer du sein (2013)

International audience
Two chromatographically separab) elongation factor Tu (2016)

Two forms of the elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli have been separated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A50. Obvious chromatographic artifacts have been ruled out by investigation of the elution profile of GDP (a component of the column buffer as well as a ligand of Tu) and by rechromatography of the two components, either separately to give the component peaks or together to give a double peak. The two components have been confirmed as Tu by the poly(uridylic)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis and by the distribution of the Tu protein as quantitated from sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complexes with the elongation factors Ts and G have also been ruled out by activity profiles and by quantitation of the protein distri- bution, again on gels. The distribution of the two forms between ribosomal and supernatant fractions has been examined: one is bound preferentially to the ribosomal fraction and the other is found in the supernatant fraction. The possible significance of this is discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Employing Dialkylbiaryl Phosphine Ligands (2008)

The cores of many types of polymers, ligands, natural products, and pharmaceuticals contain biaryl or substituted aromatic structures, and efficient methods of synthesizing these structures are crucial to the work of a broad spectrum of organic chemists. Recently, Pd-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming processes, particularly the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMC), have risen in popularity for this purpose. The SMC has many advantages over other methods for constructing these moieties, including mild conditions, high tolerance toward functional groups, the commercial availability and stability of its reagents, and the ease of handling and separating byproducts from its reaction mixtures. Until 1998, most catalysts for the SMC employed triarylphosphine ligands. More recently, new bulky and electron-rich phosphine ligands, which can dramatically improve the efficiency and selectivity of such cross-coupling reactions, have been introduced. In the course of our studies on carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions, we found that the use of electron-rich and bulky phosphines enhanced the rate of both the oxidative addition and reductive elimination processes; this was the beginning of our development of a new family of ligands, the dialkylbiarylphosphines L1-L12. These ligands can be used for a wide variety of palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen bond-forming processes as well as serving as supporting ligands for a number of other reactions. The enhanced reactivity of these catalysts has expanded the scope of cross-coupling partners that can be employed in the SMC. With use of such dialkylbiarylphosphine ligands, the coupling of unactivated aryl chlorides, aryl tosylates, heteroaryl systems, and very hindered substrate combinations have become routine. The utility of these ligands has been successfully demonstrated in a wide number of synthetic applications, including industrially relevant processes. In this Account, we provide an overview of the use and impact of dialkylbiarylphosphine ligands in the SMC. We discuss our studies on the mechanistic framework of the reaction, which have allowed us to rationally modify the ligand structures in order to tune their properties. We also describe selected applications in the synthesis of natural products and new materials to illustrate the utility of these dialkylbiarylphosphine ligands in various "real-world" synthetic applications.
Production and characterization of active recombinant interleukin‐12/eGFP fusion protein in stably‐transfected DF1 chicken cells (2015)

The adjuvant activity of chicken interleukin-12 (chIL-12) protein has been described as similar to that of mammalian IL-12. Recombinant chIL-12 can be produced using several methods, but chIL-12 production in eukaryotic cells is lower than that in prokaryotic cells. Stimulating compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), can be added to animal cell cultures to overcome this drawback. In this study, we constructed a cell line, DF1/chIL-12 which stably expressed a fusion protein, chIL-12 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) connected by a (G4 S)3 linker sequence. Fusion protein production was increased when cells were cultured in the presence of DMSO. When 1 × 10(6) DF1/chIL-12 cells were inoculated in a T-175 flask containing 30 mL of media, incubated for 15 h, and further cultivated in the presence of 4% DMSO for 48 h, the production of total fusion protein was mostly enhanced compared with the production of total fusion protein by using cell lysates induced with DMSO at other concentrations. The concentrations of the unpurified and purified total fusion proteins in cell lysates were 2,781 ± 2.72 ng mL(-1) and 2,207 ± 3.28 ng mL(-1) , respectively. The recovery rate was 79%. The fusion protein stimulated chicken splenocytes to produce IFN-γ, which was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in the culture supernatant, indicating that treating DF1/chIL-12 cells with DMSO or producing chIL-12 in a fusion protein form does not have adverse effects on the bioactivity of chIL-12.
Second-Order Horizontal Multi-Synchrosqueezing Transform for Hydrocarbon Reservoir Identification (2021)

Time-frequency (TF) analysis has received considerable attention in seismic spectral anomaly detection for its superiority in significantly revealing the frequency content of seismic signals changing with time variation. In this letter, a novel method termed second-order horizontal multi-synchrosqueezing transform (SHMSST) is proposed for hydrocarbon reservoir identification. First, a Gaussian-modulated linear chirp model is constructed in the frequency domain for describing the signals with slowly or rapidly linear-varying group delay. Then, the second-order local group delay estimation of the model is deduced in the TF domain through an approach similar to the instantaneous frequency estimation in the synchrosqueezing transform (SST). Finally, the rearrangement procedure is executed iteratively to concentrate the blurry TF energy into the estimated group delay, which provides an energy-concentrated TF representation for the signals with distinct nonlinear and nonstationary features. Synthetic signal and field seismic data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed SHMSST in time localization and direct hydrocarbon detection.
Application of the general health status questionnaire SF36 to patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction: initial validation and validation as a measure of change (2001)

While the SF36 general health measure is used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and widely overseas, until recently no data have been available on the sensitivity of the SF36 to gastrointestinal dysfunction or numerous other disorders. The SF36 is not only sensitive to the presence of IBS, it also provides a useful adjunct to current methods of evaluating treatment outcomes for IBS, and potentially other disorders.
Deep Drilling Study of Lake Biwa (1980)

Lake Biwa is the third oldest lake in the world next to Lake Baikal and C aspian and Aral Seas. Its peculiar position in the Japanese Archipelago, Deep Seated Earthquake zone, striking by negative gravity anomaly, and many endemic species of animals and plants indicate its extremely long limnetic history. In other words, if we succeed in obtaining whole sediments columns by deep boring, we can clarify many unknown facts such as glacial and interglacial features, geomagnetic events, cosmic ray variations, sedimentological phenomena, chemical composition, biological evolutions…cand so on.On the basis of this idea, the writers and their collaborators undertook deep coring operations of 200 meters at the water depth of 65 m at the center of the lake in 1971 and of 1, 000 meters at the shore in 1975-1976. This paper summarizes these results together with a discussion of our future project of extremely deep drilling in order to introduce our pioneering work of human beings.