gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis after bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures. (1984)

We studied the late results after bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures in thirty-four patients after an average follow-up of four years. Twenty-one patients had had open reduction and internal fixation of the medial malleolus only and thirteen, internal fixation of both the medial malleolus and the lateral malleolus. Twenty-four lesions were supination-external rotation fractures; six, pronation-external rotation; and four, supination-adduction fractures. All initial and post-reduction roentgenograms were evaluated, and the patients were re-evaluated two to seven years after fracture. Re-evaluation included physical examination as well as standardized and stress roentgenograms of both ankles. Criteria were developed for measuring the width of the syndesmosis and assessing the late roentgenographic, subjective, and objective results, as well as any late instability of the syndesmosis and osteoarthritis. Significant correlations were found between: (1) the adequacy of the reduction of the syndesmosis and late arthritis, (2) the adequacy of the initial reduction of the syndesmosis and the late stability of the syndesmosis, (3) the late stability of the syndesmosis and the final outcome, and (4) the adequacy of the reduction of the lateral malleolus and that of the syndesmosis. Based on the findings in this small series and on the evidence published in the literature, we concluded that adequate reduction of the syndesmosis is necessary to achieve a stable ankle following supination-external rotation and pronation-external rotation fractures of the ankle, and that the reduction of the syndesmosis will be unsatisfactory if the lateral malleolus is not well reduced.
Macrophage Expression of Interleukin-1 in Lymphoepithelioid Cell (“Lennert's”) Lymphoma (1996)

Macrophage activation was studied in three cases of a genuine form of T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma particularly rich in epithelioid histiocytes, the so-called "lymphoepithelioid cell lymphoma" or "Lennert's lymphoma". Host tumor infiltrating macrophages actively produced Interleukin-1 as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The activated histiocytes also contained intracytoplasmic tumor cells which were either intact or at various stages of apoptosis. We postulate that in Lennert's lymphoma, tumor cells are capable of activating host macrophages. Initial macrophage activation is followed by IL-1 production with recruitment of additional macrophages accounting for the characteristic histological appearance of this tumor. The activated macrophages are also engaged in a phagocytic antitumoral response. Future studies should investigate if this host response can be potentiated.
Diagnostic Utility of Pax8, Pax2, and NGFR Immunohistochemical Expression in Pediatric Renal Tumors (2017)

Pediatric renal tumors (PRT) with small round blue or spindle cell morphology can be diagnostically challenging and only a limited number of immunohistochemical markers have been documented to help in the diagnosis: paired box (Pax) 2 and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) positivity have been demonstrated in Wilms tumor (WT) and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), respectively. However, the immunohistochemical expression of these markers in other PRT remains unknown. This study investigated Pax8, Pax2, and NGFR immunophenotype in a large series of PRT. Pax8 and Pax2 showed an identical staining pattern, and were expressed in all (100%) WT while most CCSK were negative. All congenital mesoblastic nephromas, metanephric stromal tumors, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, desmoplastic small round blue cell tumors, most rhabdoid tumors, and synovial sarcomas were negative for Pax8. NGFR was expressed in 96% of CCSK (diffuse expression in 91%). Only a minority of WT stained for NGFR: 16% showed expression in the blastemal and 25% in the mesenchymal components. NGFR expression was noted in synovial sarcomas (67%, with diffuse expression seen in only 1 case, 8%), rhabdoid tumors (19%), cellular congenital mesoblastic nephromas (13%) and metanephric stromal tumors (12.5%). Primitive neuroectodermal tumors and desmoplastic small round blue cell tumors were negative for NGFR. In conclusion, Pax8/Pax2 and NGFR are sensitive markers for the diagnosis of WT and CCSK, respectively. However, their specificity is limited by variable reactivity within a subset of other renal neoplasms.
CLARIT TREC design, experiments, and results (1992)

This report presents an-abbreviated description of the results of the CLARIT team in completing the tasks of the «Text Retrieval Conference« (TREC). A shematic representation of the standard CLARIT process for document indexing is given. The CLARIT process employed in the case of CLARIT-TREC is then described
Annealing Temperature and Co Layer Thickness Dependence of Magnetoresistance Effect for $L1_{0}$-MnGa/Co/MgO/CoFeB Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2012)

The post annealing temperature and Co thickness dependence of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio was investigated for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> 1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -MnGa/Co( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Co</sub> )/MgO/CoFeB perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The MnGa/MgO interface optimization by Co insertion was shown to be an effective way for improving the TMR ratio. The TMR value increases with the annealing temperature ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ), and exhibits maxima at 325 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Co</sub> = 1.0 - 5.0 nm. Thermal annealing process improves the structure of MTJs, but also causes elements diffusion. In this work, the annealing effect on MTJs with different Co thicknesses was discussed in detail along with a fast annealing method.
Link between Phosphate Starvation and Glycogen Metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum , Revealed by Metabolomics (2010)

In this study, we analyzed the influence of phosphate (P(i)) limitation on the metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metabolite analysis by gas chromatography-time-of-flight (GC-TOF) mass spectrometry of cells cultivated in glucose minimal medium revealed a greatly increased maltose level under P(i) limitation. As maltose formation could be linked to glycogen metabolism, the cellular glycogen content was determined. Unlike in cells grown under P(i) excess, the glycogen level in P(i)-limited cells remained high in the stationary phase. Surprisingly, even acetate-grown cells, which do not form glycogen under P(i) excess, did so under P(i) limitation and also retained it in stationary phase. Expression of pgm and glgC, encoding the first two enzymes of glycogen synthesis, phosphoglucomutase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, was found to be increased 6- and 3-fold under P(i) limitation, respectively. Increased glycogen synthesis together with a decreased glycogen degradation might be responsible for the altered glycogen metabolism. Independent from these experimental results, flux balance analysis suggested that an increased carbon flux to glycogen is a solution for C. glutamicum to adapt carbon metabolism to limited P(i) concentrations.
Compact Raman lidar for hydrogen gas leak detection (2009)

A compact Raman lidar system for hydrogen gas leak detection was constructed. Laser-induced fluorescence at a distance of 70 m and Raman scattering light from N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas at short range could be detected.
Preparation of Armored RNA as a Control for Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Detection of Influenza Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2007)

The common respiratory viruses, including influenza A, influenza B, and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) viruses, may cause similar clinical symptoms. Therefore, differential diagnosis of these virus pathogens is frequently required for single clinical samples. In addition, there is an urgent need for noninfectious and stable RNA standards and controls for multivirus detection. In this study, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting of the RNAs of influenza A and influenza B viruses and SARS coronavirus was performed, and the resulting products were spliced into a fragment which was packaged into armored RNA for use as a noninfectious, quantifiable synthetic substitute. Furthermore, in the present study we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay in which the armored RNA was used as an external positive control and the three RNA viruses could be detected simultaneously in a single reaction mix. The detection limit of the multiplex real-time PCR was 10 copies/microl of armored RNA.
Quinuclidine-trifluoromonoborane: a (1/1) Lewis base-Lewis acid complex (1993)

In quinuclidine-trifluoroborane a crystallograpluc mirror plane bisects the staggered quinuclidine and boron trifluoride groups. The B-N distance [1.601 (7) A] is identical to that in pyridine-trifluoroborane [1.602 (4) A; Topel, Hensen & Bats (1984). Acta Cryst. C40, 828-830] despite the markedly lower basicity of the aromatic amine [pK a 5.25 (H 2 O, 298 K) versus 10.95 for quinuclidine]
Millimeter-gap magnetically insulated transmission line power flow experiments (2015)

An experiment platform has been designed to study vacuum power flow in magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). The platform is driven by the Mykonos-V LTD accelerator to drive a coaxial MITL with a millimeter-scale anode-cathode gap. The experiments conducted quantify the current loss in the MITL with respect to vacuum pumpdown time and vacuum pressure. MITL gaps between 1.0 mm and 1.3 mm were tested. The experiment results revealed large differences in performance for the 1.0 and 1.3 mm gaps. The 1.0 mm gap resulted in current losses of 40%–60% of the peak current. The 1.3 mm gap resulted in current losses of less than 5% of peak current. Classical MITL models that neglect plasma expansion predict that there should be zero current loss, after magnetic insulation is established, for both of these gaps.
Functional analysis of synovial fluid from osteoarthritic knee and carpometacarpal joints unravels different molecular profiles (2018)

This study demonstrates that differential expression of molecular players in SF from different OA joints evokes diverse effects on primary chondrocytes. The pathomolecular mechanisms of OA may significantly differ in various joints, a finding that brings a new dimension into the pathogenesis of primary OA.
A new valley-detection method for the quasi-resonance switching (2010)

To reduce switching losses in flyback topologies with a single switch, many kinds of quasi-resonant techniques are used. One of them is a valley-switching method which finds valleys of the drain-to-source voltage of the switch and makes the next switching begin at one of the valleys. It results in high efficiency and low EMI but an additional pin is required to detect where valleys are in view point of a control IC. This paper suggests a new valley-detection method without increasing the number of pin. Operational principles and experimental results will be shown to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Search for Particle-Bound Polyneutron Systems (1977)

A search for particle-bound polyneutron systems ($^{6}n\ensuremath{-}^{12}n$) produced in \ensuremath{\sim} 700-MeV proton interactions with uranium has yielded negative results. A radiochemical technique was used. The limits on production cross section---${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ \ensuremath{\mu}b---are many orders of magnitude lower than previous limits at comparable energies, are lower than predictions based on extrapolation of yields of other neutron-rich species, and are in contrast to the positive results reported recently from work with 24-GeV protons on tungsten.
Resonant-cavity-enhanced surface-emitted second-harmonic generation optimized for short pulses (2001)

We demonstrate microcavity enhancement of surface-emitted second- harmonic generation for 1.5-μm, 200-fs pulses with spectral content that exceeds the cavity resonance width. Enhancement measured for a range of cavity finesse verifies the theoretically predicted performance.
Broadband Ground-Plane Cloak (2009)

The possibility of cloaking an object from detection by electromagnetic waves has recently become a topic of considerable interest. The design of a cloak uses transformation optics, in which a conformal coordinate transformation is applied to Maxwell's equations to obtain a spatially distributed set of constitutive parameters that define the cloak. Here, we present an experimental realization of a cloak design that conceals a perturbation on a flat conducting plane, under which an object can be hidden. To match the complex spatial distribution of the required constitutive parameters, we constructed a metamaterial consisting of thousands of elements, the geometry of each element determined by an automated design process. The ground-plane cloak can be realized with the use of nonresonant metamaterial elements, resulting in a structure having a broad operational bandwidth (covering the range of 13 to 16 gigahertz in our experiment) and exhibiting extremely low loss. Our experimental results indicate that this type of cloak should scale well toward optical wavelengths.
Use of recombinant endomannosidase for evaluation of the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and their oligosaccharide-lipid precursors (2000)

Although glucose residues in a triglucosyl sequence are essential for the N-glycosylation of proteins and in their monoglucosyl form have been implicated in lectin-like interactions with chaperones, their removal is required for the formation of mature carbohydrate units and represents the initial steps in the glycoprotein processing sequence. In order to provide a probe for the glucosylation state of newly synthesized glycoproteins obtained from normal or altered cells, we have evaluated the usefulness of recombinant endo-alpha-mannosidase employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to monitor the change in molecular mass brought about by the release of glucosylated mannose (Glc(1-3)Man). With this approach the presence of two triglucosylated-N-linked oligosaccharides in vesicular stomatis virus (VSV) G protein formed by castanospermine-treated CHO cells or the glucosidase I deficient Lec23 mutant could be clearly demonstrated and an even more pronounced change in migration was observed upon endomannosidase treatment of their more heavily N-glycosylated lysosomal membrane glycoproteins. Furthermore, the G protein of the temperature sensitive VSV ts045 mutant was found to be sensitive to endomannosidase, resulting in a change in electrophoretic mobility consistent with the presence of mono-glucosylated-N-linked oligosaccharides. The finding that endomannosidase also acts effectively on oligosaccharide lipids, as assessed by SDS-PAGE or thin layer chromatography, indicated that it would be a valuable tool in assessing the glucosylation state of these biosynthetic intermediates in normal cells as well as in mutants or altered metabolic states, even if the polymannose portion is truncated. Endomannosidase can also be used to determine the glucosylation state of the polymannose oligosaccharides released during glycoprotein quality control and when used together with endo-beta-N- acetylglucosaminidase H can distinguish between those terminating in a single N-acetylglucosamine or in a di-N-acetylchitobiose sequence.
DiffuserCam: lensless single-exposure 3D imaging (2017)

We demonstrate a compact and easy-to-build computational camera for single-shot 3D imaging. Our lensless system consists solely of a diffuser placed in front of a standard image sensor. Every point within the volumetric field-of-view projects a unique pseudorandom pattern of caustics on the sensor. By using a physical approximation and simple calibration scheme, we solve the large-scale inverse problem in a computationally efficient way. The caustic patterns enable compressed sensing, which exploits sparsity in the sample to solve for more 3D voxels than pixels on the 2D sensor. Our 3D voxel grid is chosen to match the experimentally measured two-point optical resolution across the field-of-view, resulting in 100 million voxels being reconstructed from a single 1.3 megapixel image. However, the effective resolution varies significantly with scene content. Because this effect is common to a wide range of computational cameras, we provide new theory for analyzing resolution in such systems.
Multifunctional nanocrystals (2023)

Multifunctional nanocomposites are provided including a core of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, and, a shell of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, wherein the core and the shell are of differing materials, such multifunctional nanocomposites having multifunctional properties including magnetic properties from the magnetic material and optical properties from the inorganic semiconductor material. Various applications of such multifunctional nanocomposites are also provided.
Bacterial peptidoglycan stimulates integrin expression and MMP production of synovial fibroblasts (2002)

Vascular changes are consistent early findings in patients with SSc and often precede the development of fibrosis. Despite a significant reduction in the capillary density, there is paradoxically no sufficient angiogenesis in the skin of SSc patients. By using a pO 2 histograph, we showed that low pO 2 values are overt in involved skin of patients with SSc. In vitro, real-time PCR revealed a 3.7-fold upregulation of the potent angiogenic growth factor VEGF in SSc fibroblasts after hypoxic exposure compared to normoxic controls. In situ hybridization for VEGF in skin biopsies of patients with SSc showed an overexpression of VEGF mRNA by fibroblasts and mononuclear infiltrates, whereas its expression was limited to keratinocytes in healthy control biopsies. In contrast to the SSc skin, HIF-1 alpha protein was found to be coexpressed with VEGF in healthy skin samples, indicating that the constitutive VEGF synthesis in the skin is driven by this transcription factor. Additionally, we showed that the lack of angiogenesis in SSc is not due to a reduced bioavailability of the overexpressed VEGF, since the VEGF receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1 were found to be expressed on endothelial cells of patients with SSc, but not in healthy controls, and since SSc patients had severely elevated serum levels of VEGF compared to healthy controls. Despite the enhanced levels of VEGF, serum samples of SSc patients did not induce angiogenesis in the vivo chorion allantois membrane assay, indicating that the proangiogenic effects of VEGF may be outweighed by angiostatic factors. The hypothesis that VEGF synthesis has to be above an individual threshold in SSc patients to induce angiogenesis was further strengthened by the finding that patients without fingertip ulcers had significantly higher levels than patients with fingertip ulcers. Interestingly, the angiostatic factor endostatin was elevated in a subset of patients and thus may counteract directly the bio-logic effects of VEGF in SSc patients. Serum levels of VEGF were also correlated significantly with disease severity parameters including antitopoisomerase antibodies. These results suggest that therapeutic application of VEGF by either gene transfer or as a recombinant protein might be a novel option in SSc.
Curio: A Novel Solution for Efficient Storage and Indexing in Data Warehouses (1999)

Efficient query processing is a critical requirement for data warehousing systems as decision support applications often require interactive response times to answer complex, ad-hoc queries (e.g., aggregations, multi-way joins) over vast repositories of data (e.g., hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes in size). The most common approach used to improve On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) query performance is to utilize indexes or access structures to quickly access the base data. A major drawback to this approach is that it often incurs significant overhead as the access structures must be stored in addition to the base data. In this paper, we present Curio, a data repository and OLAP query server, which provides drastically improved performance for ad-hoc queries, while simultaneously reducing the storage costs associated with warehousing. Curio, a data storage and access technology for data warehouses recently developed by Muninn Technologies, LLC, is based on a novel paradigm that all...
Skewed t -Distribution for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Based on Autoencoder (2021)

We propose multivariate skewed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -distribution (MVSkt) for hyperspectral anomaly detection (AD). The proposed distribution model is able to increase the detection performance of autoencoder (AE)-based anomaly detectors. In the proposed method, the reconstruction error of a deep AE is modeled with a skewed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -distribution. The deep AE network is trained based on adversarial learning strategy by feeding its input with the hyperspectral data cubes. The parameters of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -distribution model are estimated using variational Bayesian approach. We define an MVSkt-based detection rule for pixel-wise AD. We compare our proposed method with those based on the multivariate normal (MVN) distribution and the robust MVN variance–mean mixture distributions on real hyperspectral datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms other detectors in the benchmark.
Radiation effects on CCDs for spaceborne acquisition and tracking applications (2002)

The author reviews the results of recent Co/sup 60/ and proton testing of TH7863 and THX31160-1 CCDs. The Co/sup 60/ gamma ray tests were performed on devices both biased and unbiased during irradiation and at two dose rates (1 krad/hr and 50 rad/hr). In all cases the biased devices showed a threshold voltage shift of approximately 0.09 V/krad and significant increases in surface dark current ( approximately 10nA/cm/sup 2//krad at 22 degrees C) which continued after irradiation had ceased. Both threshold voltage and dark current damage were reduced for unbiased devices. Power consumption, charge transfer efficiency (CTE), full well capacity and charge to voltage conversion factor were also measured but did not show large changes. Proton testing was carried out at 1.5 and 10 MeV again for biased and unbiased devices and dark current changes due to bulk damage were observed. These were bias independent. There was significant annealing of bulk damage after 3 months storage (this time the dark current reduced). After annealing a storage constant of roughly 2.4nA/cm/sup 2/ per MeV of damage energy at 22 degrees C was found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>