gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised audio-driven TV-news speaker diarization using deep neural embeddings (2020)

In this paper, an audio-driven, multimodal approach for speaker diarization in multimedia content is introduced and evaluated. The proposed algorithm is based on semi-supervised clustering of audio-visual embeddings, generated using deep learning techniques. The two modes, audio and video, are separately addressed; a long short-term memory Siamese neural network is employed to produce embeddings from audio, whereas a pre-trained convolutional neural network is deployed to generate embeddings from two-dimensional blocks representing the faces of speakers detected in video frames. In both cases, the models are trained using cost functions that favor smaller spatial distances between samples from the same speaker and greater spatial distances between samples from different speakers. A fusion stage, based on hypotheses derived from the established practices in television content production, is deployed on top of the unimodal sub-components to improve speaker diarization performance. The proposed methodology is evaluated against VoxCeleb, a large-scale dataset with hundreds of available speakers and AVL-SD, a newly developed, publicly available dataset aiming at capturing the peculiarities of TV news content under different scenarios. In order to promote reproducible research and collaboration in the field, the implemented algorithm is provided as an open-source software package.
Discharge Characterization of the Coaxial Magnetoisolated Longitudinal Anode Hall Thruster (2013)

The coaxial magnetoisolated longitudinal anode concept was introduced to improve efficiency and lifetime of low-power Hall thrusters . The coaxial magnetoisolated longitudinal anode represents a significant departure from conventional Hall thrusters and has not been thoroughly studied yet. The high efficiency of the thruster, as validated by measurements, increases the need for a better understanding of the physical processes in this type of thruster. An analysis of the coaxial magnetoisolated longitudinal anode discharge based on experimental measurements was conducted for this aim. The experimental setup includes electrical probes mounted on a fast moving positioner, enabling one to obtain the spatial distribution of plasma parameters inside the thruster channel. The results confirmed the basic assumptions used in the physical model of the coaxial magnetoisolated longitudinal anode concept and revealed new phenomena related to the radial nonuniformity of the discharge. In particular, focusing equipotentials were discovered not only in the anode cavity but also in the dielectric channel, where the area of intense ionization was located. The physical processes contributing to the formation of the focusing equipotentials are discussed.
Improved crystallinity of InGaN layers by Mg doping (2013)

Single crystalline InxGa1-xN (InGaN) shows interesting electrical and optical properties. The ability to tune the direct band gap by changing the alloy composition is promising for solar matched photovoltaics. Better understanding of the growth processes is required to improve the structural and optoelectronic properties. In this work we investigate the influence of Mg on the structural quality of InGaN layers grown by metal modulated epitaxy (MME). We will show that Mg doping in combination with the MME method can be used to improve the structural quality of InGaN layers. Mg is known to have a significant influence on the growth process by changing the growth mode [Monroy E et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2554 (2004)], introducing compensating defects, and even changing the polarity. Transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of nano-sized inclusions of zinc blende structure in the wurtzite GaN matrix at the InGaN-GaN interface. The amount of zinc blende regions decreases significantly for InGaN deposition in the presence of Mg flux, which results in improved crystalline quality of the InGaN layers. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the (0002) X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak is significantly reduced from 1105 arc sec to 356 arc sec. Our results indicate that Mg can be beneficial for the structural quality of InGaN grown on GaN and that the Mg acts as a surfactant for InGaN epitaxy or stimulates desorption of surface contamination.
Characterization of the 13q14 tumor suppressor locus in CLL: identification of ALT1, an alternative splice variant of the LEU2 gene. (2001)

Chromosome 13q14 deletions constitute the most common genetic abnormality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To identify the putative tumor suppressor gene targeted by 13q14 genomic loss, we completely sequenced and characterized a segment of 790 kb at 13q14 spanning the minimal region of loss in CLL. Transcribed sequences in the region were identified through database homology searches and exon-prediction analysis. Two-hundred kb at the centromeric end of the sequence contain five CpG islands, three previously identified genes LEU5/RFP2, LEU2, and LEU1, seven of seven EST clusters composed of >10 ESTs, and a large number of predicted exons. Homology searches against the mouse EST database have allowed us to identify a highly conserved alternative first exon of the LEU2 gene, giving rise to a novel transcript, ALT1 (GenBank accession no. AF380424), which originates within a G+C region in the vicinity of the D13S272 marker. Two novel 3' exons of LEU2 were also identified and are present in both LEU2 and ALT1 transcripts. However, we have not identified any mutations in leukemia cases, or alterations in expression of mRNAs in the region, that might directly implicate these mRNAs in the pathology of CLL. The centromeric end of the sequence, where all reported genes are located, contains twice the expected amount of ALU repeats, whereas the telomeric end is LINE1 rich and contains four LINE1 elements longer than 4 kb, including two full-length LINE1 sequences. This feature of the sequence may favor the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements and may confer instability to the region, resulting in deletions that may inactivate an as yet unidentified tumor suppressor.
Towards a microfluidic disease detection deviced based on cellular adhesion differences (2006)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2006.
Effect of bias dependence of substrate NPN transistor on total dose irradiation (2013)

In this paper, effect of bias dependence of substrate NPN (SNPN) transistors on total dose radiation is investigated. By considering of bulk field and fringing electric field in the oxide, the degradation mechanisms are discussed in numerical simulations. Experimental results show that the applied emitter voltage and the emitter-base junction bias play important roles in the total dose irradiation effect of SNPN transistors, which is agreement with the theoretical analysis.
High-resolution detection of Brownian motion for quantitative optical tweezers experiments (2012)

We have developed an in situ method to calibrate optical tweezers experiments and simultaneously measure the size of the trapped particle or the viscosity of the surrounding fluid. The positional fluctuations of the trapped particle are recorded with a high-bandwidth photodetector. We compute the mean-square displacement, as well as the velocity autocorrelation function of the sphere, and compare it to the theory of Brownian motion including hydrodynamic memory effects. A careful measurement and analysis of the time scales characterizing the dynamics of the harmonically bound sphere fluctuating in a viscous medium directly yields all relevant parameters. Finally, we test the method for different optical trap strengths, with different bead sizes and in different fluids, and we find excellent agreement with the values provided by the manufacturers. The proposed approach overcomes the most commonly encountered limitations in precision when analyzing the power spectrum of position fluctuations in the region around the corner frequency. These low frequencies are usually prone to errors due to drift, limitations in the detection, and trap linearity as well as short acquisition times resulting in poor statistics. Furthermore, the strategy can be generalized to Brownian motion in more complex environments, provided the adequate theories are available.
Leaf Ageing and Plateau Effects on Seasonal Pressure-Volume Relationships in Three Sclerophyllous Quercus Species in South-Eastern USA (1992)

M. D. Abrams, E. S. Menges, Leaf Ageing and Plateau Effects on Seasonal Pressure-Volume Relationships in Three Sclerophyllous Quercus Species in South-Eastern USA, Functional Ecology, Vol. 6, No. 3 (1992), pp. 353-360
Near‐infrared fiber‐optic sample cell: Applications to fourier transform Raman and near‐infrared absorption and reflectance spectroscopies (1991)

Abstract A fiber‐optic sample cell designed for use in the near‐infrared region is described. For Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy, Nd:YAG laser radiation is transmitted to the sample through one fiber bundle, while a second fiber bundle collects and transfers the scattered light to the source compartment of an infrared interferometer equipped with a CaF 2 beam splitter and an InGaAs detector. Because the two fiber bundles are mounted in the aluminum body of the cell, virtually no optical alignment is required. In addition to its utility in FT‐Raman spectroscopy, the cell may be used for obtaining near‐infrared absorption spectra of liquids and reflectance spectra of solids without changing its configuration. Examples of the many uses of the cell are provided, and modifications which would potentially improve its efficiency and expand its capabilities are discussed.
Chinese Herbal Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms (2015)

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Research into the disease has led to many compelling hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesion formation and the resulting complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Herbal medicine has been widely used in China as well as other Asian countries for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years; however, the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis have not been well studied. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms of atherogenesis and then summarize the research that has been performed in recent years regarding the effectiveness and mechanisms of antiatherogenic Chinese herbal compounds in an attempt to build a bridge between traditional Chinese medicine and cellular and molecular cardiovascular medicine.
The metabolism of the ruminant cumulus-oocyte complex revisited (2019)

The progress in understanding the metabolism of the ruminant cumulusoocyte complex (COC) from large antral follicles has progressed significantly in the past decade. In particular, new insights in the importance of lipid metabolism, -oxidation and its relationship to oxidative phosphorylation within oocytes have emerged. This provides opportunities for tapping into the potential yield of ATP from lipid metabolism, as ATP content is a major determinant of oocyte competence. However, this new appreciation of lipid metabolism also includes the damaging influence of some free-fatty acids, the non-esterified fatty acids, which are particularly high in the follicular fluid of dairy cows during peak lactation. Historically, studies have focussed on carbohydrate metabolism, which occupies a central significance, especially for cumulus cell metabolism. Glucose has multiple roles; one still largely unexplored is its requirement for extracellular matrix production, via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. The availability of oxygen for oocytes in large antral follicles remains to be resolved, and requires new tools to measure intra-follicular O 2 levels to determine its significance. For in vitro oocyte maturation, new strategies for improving oocyte competence includes: cAMP management, oocyte secreted factor supplementation, protection against reactive oxygen species with glutathione, and utilizing the endogenous maturation signalling molecules, the EGF-like peptides, during maturation -all of which influence metabolism. The introduction of existing platforms, such as metabolomics, to ruminant oocyte metabolism will broaden our understanding. Ultimately, to appreciate the dynamic nature of metabolism in oocytes of all species requires the development of new nano-scale sensing platforms that will allow us to measure activity in single oocytes and early embryos in situ in real time.
Kinetics and mechanisms of the thermal decomposition of propane I. The Uninhibited of reaction (1962)

Abstract The uninhibited pyrolysis of propane was investigated from 530 to 670 °C and at pressures up to 600 mm. In an unpacked vessel the reaction was of the first order at lower temperatures and higher pressures. A transition to 3/2 order at higher temperatures and lower pressures was observed. The rates were somewhat reduced in a packed vessel, and an apparent order of 1.25 was obtained. The activation energy of the reaction in its first-order region was 67.1 kcal and that of the f-order reaction was 54.5 kcal. Added carbon dioxide had no effect on the rates either in the first-order or 3/2-order region. On the basis of this evidence, and of theoretical arguments, it is concluded that the reaction is largely homogeneous and occurs by a free-radical mechanism. The initiation reaction is considered to be the dissociation of propane into a methyl radical and an ethyl radical, this reaction being in its second-order low-pressure region under the conditions of the experiments. The termination reaction when the overall order is unity is concluded to be the recombination of a methyl and a propyl radical in the presence of a third body. In the 3/2-order region the termination reaction is believed to be the recombination of two methyl radicals, also in the third-order region. These mechanisms are shown to give a satisfactory interpretation of the overall behaviour.
T cell stimulation via CD47: agonistic and antagonistic effects of CD47 monoclonal antibody 1/1A4 (1997)

CD47/integrin-associated protein has been extensively studied on various cell types. The function of CD47 on T cells, however, remained poorly understood. We demonstrate here that our CD47 mAb 1/1A4 has both inhibitory as well as costimulatory effects in terms of T cell activation. Soluble, not cross-linked, CD47 mAb 1/1A4 blocks allogeneic MLRs. This effect is predominantly observed with suboptimal numbers of stimulator cells. In contrast, cross-linking of CD47 in the presence of CD28 mAb or phorbol ester induces vigorous T cell proliferation that is sensitive to cyclosporin A. Cross-linking, but not immobilization, of the CD47 mAb 1/1A4 is an essential requirement for the CD28- or phorbol ester-dependent induction of T cell mitogenesis. Furthermore, CD47 mAb 1/1A4 induces T cell proliferation when coimmobilized with a CD3 mAb to the same surface. Ligation with cross-linked 1/1A4 mAb induces an increase in intracellular free calcium levels and leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of various cellular proteins and, in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of plate-bound CD3 mAb, to enhanced IL-2 promotor activity in T cells. Furthermore, we present evidence that upon cross-linking of CD47 with mAb 1/1A4, purified T cells acquire responsiveness for several T cell growth factors. IL-1beta and/or IL-6 dramatically augment this CD47-induced cytokine responsiveness. Our results suggest that the novel activation pathway via CD47 might be critically involved in Ag-dependent and Ag-independent T cell functions.
History-dependent domain and skyrmion formation in 2D van der Waals magnet Fe3GeTe2 (2022)

The discovery of two-dimensional magnets has initiated a new field of research, exploring both fundamental low-dimensional magnetism, and prospective spintronic applications. Recently, observations of magnetic skyrmions in the 2D ferromagnet Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> (FGT) have been reported, introducing further application possibilities. However, controlling the exhibited magnetic state requires systematic knowledge of the history-dependence of the spin textures, which remains largely unexplored in 2D magnets. In this work, we utilise real-space imaging, and complementary simulations, to determine and explain the thickness-dependent magnetic phase diagrams of an exfoliated FGT flake, revealing a complex, history-dependent emergence of the uniformly magnetised, stripe domain and skyrmion states. The results show that the interplay of the dominant dipolar interaction and strongly temperature dependent out-of-plane anisotropy energy terms enables the selective stabilisation of all three states at zero field, and at a single temperature, while the Dzyaloshinksii-Moriya interaction must be present to realise the observed Néel-type domain walls. The findings open perspectives for 2D devices incorporating topological spin textures.
Clarification and complement to "Mean-field description and propagation of chaos in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley and FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons" (2014)

In this note, we clarify the well-posedness of the limit equations to the mean-field $N$-neuron models proposed in Baladron et al. and we prove the associated propagation of chaos property. We also complete the modeling issue in Baladron et al. by discussing the well-posedness of the stochastic differential equations which govern the behavior of the ion channels and the amount of available neurotransmitters.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cycloaddition Reaction of Oxiranes with Perfluorocarboxylates Catalyzed by Quaternary Onium Salts or Crown Ether Complexes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Virtual-Balloon Tramping System Based on Video Recognition (2004)

This paper introduces a human-interactive system for tramping virtual balloons used by video recognition techniques. In order to recognize the object's color more accurately and more quickly, this paper derives the brightness corrective algorithm from the Lambertain theory and color sense model. Combining this method with the hue matching, the paper finally presents a brightness and hue corrective algorithm. The experimental results prove that the theory of this algorithm is corrective and reasonable, and in practice, it proves that this algorithm can highly improve the system's recognition accuracy and real-time responsibility.
Peroxiredoxin-2 Recycling Is Inhibited During Erythrocyte Storage (2014)

These data highlight the potential for slower Prx-2 recycling and β93Cys oxidation in modulating storage-dependent damage of RBCs and in mediating post-transfusion toxicity.
Transport Test Problems for Radiation Detection Scenarios (2012)

Modeling forms an important component of radiation detection development, allowing for testing of new detector designs, evaluation of existing equipment against a wide variety of potential threat sources, and assessing operation performance of radiation detection systems. This can, however, result in large and complex scenarios which are time consuming to model. A variety of approaches to radiation transport modeling exist with complementary strengths and weaknesses for different problems. This variety of approaches, and the development of promising new tools (such as ORNL’s ADVANTG) which combine benefits of multiple approaches, illustrates the need for a means of evaluating or comparing different techniques for radiation detection problems. This report presents a set of 9 test problems for comparing different types of radiation transport calculations, identifying appropriate tools for classes of problems, and testing and guiding the development of new methods. Cases are drawn primarily from existing or previous calculations with a preference for cases which include experimental data, or otherwise have results with a high level of confidence, are non-sensitive, and represent problem sets of interest to NA-22. From a technical perspective, cases are chosen to span a range of difficulty and to include gamma transport, neutron transport, or both and represent different important physical processes and a range of sensitivity to angular or energy fidelity. Following test case identification, existing information about geometry, measurements, and previous calculations were assembled. Monte Carlo results (MCNP decks) were reviewed or created and re-run in order to attain accurate computational times and to verify agreement with experimental data, when present. Test case information was then conveyed to ORNL in order to guide testing and development of hybrid calculations. The results of those ADVANTG calculations were then sent to PNNL for compilation. This is a report describing the details of the selected test cases and results from available transport codes. Additional results from other transport codes will be added during the next year, along with additional cases if needed for software testing. Future work will extend the test problems to include more extensive cross-code comparisons as well as more refined metrics for evaluating the tradeoffs between operator time, computational time, and solution accuracy, to assemble a formalized benchmark set.
Potential changes in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) habitat from a global warming scenario: modelling approach and preliminary results (2003)

Abstract Recent studies suggest a reduction of primary production in the tropical oceans because of changes in oceanic circulation under global warming conditions caused by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. This might affect the productivity of medium and higher trophic levels with potential consequences on marine resources such as tropical tuna. Here we combine the projections of up‐to‐date climate and ocean biogeochemical models with recent concepts of representation of fish habitat based on prey abundance and ambient temperature to gain some insight into the impact of climate change on skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ), the species that dominates present‐day tuna catch. For a world with doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentration, our results suggest significant large‐scale changes of skipjack habitat in the equatorial Pacific. East of the date line, conditions could be improved by an extension of the present favourable habitat zones of the western equatorial Pacific, a feature reminiscent of warming conditions associated with El Niño events. Despite its simplicity and the associated underlying hypothesis, this first simulation is used to stress future research directions and key issues for modelling developments associated to global change.