gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Penetration, distribution, and elimination of remofuscin/soraprazan in Stargardt mouse eyes following a single intravitreal injection using pharmacokinetics and transmission electron microscopic autoradiography: Implication for the local treatment of Stargardt’s disease and dry age‐related macular degeneration (2020)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in older people in the developed world while Stargardt's disease (SD) is a juvenile macular degeneration and an orphan disease. Both diseases are untreatable and are marked by accumulation of lipofuscin advancing to progressive deterioration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retina and subsequent vision loss till blindness. We discovered that a small molecule belonging to the tetrahydropyridoether class of compounds, soraprazan renamed remofuscin, is able to remove existing lipofuscin from the RPE. This study investigated the drug penetration, distribution, and elimination into the eyes of a mouse model for increased lipofuscinogenesis, following a single intravitreal injection. We measured the time course of concentrations of remofuscin in different eye tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). We also visualized the penetration and distribution of <sup>3</sup> H-remofuscin in eye sections up to 20 weeks post-injection using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) autoradiography. The distribution of silver grains revealed that remofuscin accumulated specifically in the RPE by binding to the RPE pigments (melanin, lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin) and that it was still detected after 20 weeks. Importantly, the melanosomes in choroidal melanocytes only rarely bind remofuscin emphasizing its potential to serve as an active ingredient in the RPE for the treatment of SD and dry AMD. In addition, our study highlights the importance of electron microscopic autoradiography as it is the only method able to show drug binding with a high intracellular resolution.
Extracellular Electron Transfer on Sticky Paper Electrodes: Carbon Paste Paper Anode for Microbial Fuel Cells (2016)

Carbon paste paper electrodes (CPPEs) were fabricated by coating a regular paper strip with carbon paste made from graphite powder and mineral oil, followed by coating with polyaniline. The CPPEs were evaluated as anodes in bioelectrochemical cells (BECs) using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as bacteria that donate electrons through extracellular electron transfer. The CPPE was compared to a carbon felt electrode (CFE) modified with polyaniline under the same conditions. The BEC using the CPPE anode produces current continuously for at least 4 days without the need for additional fuel (lactate). Twenty-four hours after inoculation, the BEC using the CPPE anode generates a current density more than two times greater than that of the cell using the CFE, with a competitive maximum value of 2.2 A m–2. The simple fabrication, ease of modification, and low cost of the CPPE make it a promising new bioelectrode material for microbial fuel cells.
Influence of Tirofiban maintenance duration on patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (2015)

Intravenous Tirofiban treatment reduced the adverse cardiac events and improved short term prognosis without increasing the adverse reactions of the drugs in patients undergoing PCI. The less rate of hemorrhage complication can be achieved in short-duration of Tirofiban by intravenous injection after PCI.
A Small-Scale System to Evaluate Anti-Foam Performance (1985)

Foaming is a widely observed phenomenon in manufacturing and product-filling and in dilution of agricultural chemicals. Foam generation should be avoided, however, since time and container volume are limited. Antifoam agents are designed to minimize foam-related trouble when used in the formulation as a processing aid or a spray-tank defoamer. This paper describes the design of simple equipment which allows easy laboratory-scale evaluation of defoamers for liquid systems. The principle is as follows: A calculated amount of water at given pressure is added to a certain volume of formulation through a specially designed nozzle. After generation of foam, its initial volume and decomposition rate are measured versus time. This system allows very simple testing of the influence of defoamers on liquid systems. It requires only a very small amount of material and it quickly yields accurate results relating to real-life conditions.
Dipole Cancellation as an Artifact Suppression Technique in Simultaneous Electrocorticography Stimulation and Recording (2019)

Fully-implantable, bi-directional brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) necessitate simultaneous cortical recording and stimulation. This is challenging since electrostimulation of cortical tissue typically causes strong artifacts that may saturate ultra-low power (ULP) analog front-ends of fully-implantable BCIs. To address this problem, we propose an efficient hardware-based method for artifact suppression that employs an auxiliary stimulator with polarity opposite to that of the primary stimulator. The feasibility of this method was explored first in simulations, and then experimentally with brain phantom tissue and electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrode grids. We find that the canceling stimulator can reduce stimulation artifacts below the saturation limit of a typical ULP front-end, while delivering only ~10% of the primary stimulator's voltage.
Inhibition of mutant BRAF splice variant signaling by next‐generation, selective RAF inhibitors (2014)

Vemurafenib and dabrafenib block MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and cause tumor regression in the majority of advanced-stage BRAF(V600E) melanoma patients; however, acquired resistance and paradoxical signaling have driven efforts for more potent and selective RAF inhibitors. Next-generation RAF inhibitors, such as PLX7904 (PB04), effectively inhibit RAF signaling in BRAF(V600E) melanoma cells without paradoxical effects in wild-type cells. Furthermore, PLX7904 blocks the growth of vemurafenib-resistant BRAF(V600E) cells that express mutant NRAS. Acquired resistance to vemurafenib and dabrafenib is also frequently driven by expression of mutation BRAF splice variants; thus, we tested the effects of PLX7904 and its clinical analog, PLX8394 (PB03), in BRAF(V600E) splice variant-mediated vemurafenib-resistant cells. We show that paradox-breaker RAF inhibitors potently block MEK-ERK1/2 signaling, G1/S cell cycle events, survival and growth of vemurafenib/PLX4720-resistant cells harboring distinct BRAF(V600E) splice variants. These data support the further investigation of paradox-breaker RAF inhibitors as a second-line treatment option for patients failing on vemurafenib or dabrafenib.
Design and characterization of ultra-stretchable monolithic silicon fabric (2014)

Stretchable electronic systems can play instrumental role for reconfigurable macro-electronics such as distributed sensor networks for wearable and bio-integrated electronics. Typically, polymer composite based materials and its deterministic design as interconnects are used to achieve such systems. Nonetheless, non-polymeric inorganic silicon is the predominant material for 90% of electronics. Therefore, we report the design and fabrication of an all silicon based network of hexagonal islands connected through spiral springs to form an ultra-stretchable arrangement for complete compliance to highly asymmetric shapes. Several design parameters are considered and their validation is carried out through finite element analysis. The fabrication process is based on conventional microfabrication techniques and the measured stretchability is more than 1000% for single spirals and area expansions as high as 30 folds in arrays. The reported method can provide ultra-stretchable and adaptable electronic systems for distributed network of high-performance macro-electronics especially useful for wearable electronics and bio-integrated devices.
Real-Time PCR Assay as a Simple and Efficient Tool for Viral Stability Study (2021)

<b>Aim:</b> For oncolytic virus trials, regulatory agencies often require pharmaceutical industry to evaluate risks of released viruses from patients to environment. This study was to establish a real-time PCR method to assess viral shedding and viral stability in human urine. <b>Results/methodology:</b> Herein, we describe an incubation of viral drug product in human urine and use of real-time PCR as a simple, efficient and high throughput assay to assess the level and stability of a nonenveloped and single stranded RNA virus. The viral stability issue is critical to the collection, transport, storage and testing of clinical samples. <b>Discussion/conclusion:</b> In summary, this simple method provides useful viral stability information at various temperatures and detergents. A similar approach may apply to other RNA viruses (including SARS-CoV-2).
Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers (2020)

This updated edition helps managers and engineers get up to speed on all the most common hydrate types, how to forecast when they will appear, and safely mitigate their removal. Topics covered include: new hydrate types and formers, including mercaptans and other sulfur compounds; information on how to handle hydrate formation in the wellbore, useful information in light of the Macondo explosion and resulting oil spill; detailed phase diagrams, such as ternary systems, as well as more relevant multicomponent mixtures; how to quantifiably measure the conditions that make hydrates possible and mitigate the right equipment correctly; how to predict and examine the conditions at which hydrates form with simple and complex calculation exercises; and knowledge and review lessons learned from new real-world case studies and examples, covering capital costs, dehydration, and new computer methods. --
Hemoglobin Level Adds Prognostic Value to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Score in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (2012)

The present study provides preliminary evidence that hemoglobin level independently predicts recurrent events during hospitalization and improves the prognostic performance of the GRACE score in patients with non-ST elevation ACS.
Further Investigations on the Crosslinking of Tarsal Collagen as a Treatment for Eyelid Laxity: Optimizing the Procedure in Animal Tissue (2019)

The study indicates that irradiation of tarsal collagen leading to tissue stiffening shall be carried out at levels of fluence between 10 and 15 J/cm, a region that is deemed safe. The exposure time can be adjusted according to the surgeon's decision.Safe irradiation conditions are established for the exposure of ex vivo ovine tarsus to ultraviolet-A radiation as a potentially effective treatment for eyelid laxity in human patients.
Ownership Benefits/Costs Analysis of Green Cellular Networks (2016)

In this work, we show that there are two effects impacting cellular networks owned by an operator as a consequence of the application of the green networking via Sleep Modes (SMs) state to Base Stations (BSs). On one side, it is possible to save money from the electricity bill by exploiting SMs. On the other hand, however, the SM state triggers a variation in the failure rate of the BS, and therefore in the replacement/reparation costs to fix it. We therefore derive a simple model to compute the total savings vs. costs for an operator network. Our results, obtained over 3G and 4G scenarios, show that there is a trade-off between the saving and the related costs. Moreover, we show that the costs incurred by the operator depend on different factors, including: i) the energy-aware strategy, ii) the specific technology adopted, and iii) the components used to build the BS.
Utility-scale DG planning using location-specific hosting capacity analysis (2016)

Utility-scale generating plants are traditionally interconnected to the power transmission grid. However, with the adoption of incentives to promote the development of clean energy resources, the interconnection of utility-scale distributed generation (DG) is becoming more prevalent at the distribution system. These circumstances have challenged the utility's process to respond with the increasing demand for DG interconnections in a timely manner, at the same time, to accurately ensure the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. For effective DG planning, especially for high penetration scenarios, utilities need to consider proactive solutions in an effort to estimate the maximum allowable capacity of DG considering the imposed technical limits such as power quality and protection standards. In this paper, an extensive search method to estimate location-specific DG hosting capacity of utility-scale DG applications was developed and applied. This work investigated the impact of increasing DG capacity, at various locations, on the feeder's voltage profile, loading, and short circuit levels. The effects of different DG technologies, such as inverter-based and rotating machine resources, on the hosting capacity of the distribution network were also considered. Furthermore, this work presented the development of Hosting Capacity (HC) heat maps to characterize the capability of the distribution network in accommodating potential DG facilities.
New 3D multipass amplification scheme based on diode-pumped Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystals (2003)

Summary form only given. We present a new simple and compact multipass configuration which optimize the overlap between pump and signal beam. In our tridimensional geometry, the laser beam travels eight times through the gain medium in four different planes of incidence. After being focused by a doublet in the gain medium, the laser beam is reflected by a dichroic mirror placed behind the crystal. Three AR-coated roof prisms ensure the lateral shift that allows the 8-pass travel. We obtained a small signal gain of almost 21 dB and an output power of 2.7 W for the Nd:YAG, whereas the Nd:YVO/sub 4/ provided 3 W of output power and a small signal gain as high as 30 dB. Moreover, a significant increase in the performance of the Nd:YVO/sub 4/ system is expected thanks to a better control of the state of polarization for each pass of the laser beam. Thus high gain and efficient extraction have been obtained with a new very simple and compact 3D diode pumped amplifier scheme. The performance exhibited by our system place it among the best amplifiers ever published, although the beam passes only 8 times in the gain medium. The concept is very flexible, accepting a number of passes as high as desired just by increasing the number of prisms and allowing a large range of input beams diameters.
A Genome-Wide Scan for Abdominal Fat Assessed by Computed Tomography in the Quebec Family Study (2001)

To identify chromosomal regions harboring genes influencing the propensity to store fat in the abdominal area, a genome-wide scan for abdominal fat was performed in the Québec Family Study. Cross-sectional areas of the amount of abdominal total fat (ATF) and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) were assessed from a computed tomography scan taken at L4-L5 in 521 adult subjects. Abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) was obtained by computing the difference between ATF and AVF. The abdominal fat phenotypes were adjusted for age and sex effects as well as for total amount of body fat (kilogram of fat mass) measured by underwater weighing, and the adjusted phenotypes were used in linkage analyses. A total of 293 microsatellite markers spanning the 22 autosomal chromosomes were typed. The average intermarker distance was 11.9 cM. A maximum of 271 sib-pairs were available for single-point (SIBPAL) and 156 families for multipoint variance components (SEGPATH) linkage analyses. The strongest evidence of linkage was found on chromosome 12q24.3 between marker D12S2078 and ASF (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 2.88). Another marker (D12S1045) located within 2 cM of D12S2078 also provided evidence of sib-pair linkage with ASF (P = 0.019), ATF (P = 0.015), and AVF (P = 0.0007). Other regions with highly suggestive evidence (P &amp;lt; 0.0023 or LOD ≥1.75) of multipoint linkage and evidence (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of single-point linkage, all for ASF, included chromosomes 1p11.2, 4q32.1, 9q22.1, 12q22-q23, and 17q21.1. Three of these loci (1p11.2, 9q22.1, and 17q21.1) are close to genes involved in the regulation of sex steroid levels, whereas two others (4q32.1 and 17q21.1) are in the proximity of genes involved in the regulation of food intake. This first genome-wide scan for abdominal fat assessed by computed tomography indicates that there may be several loci determining the propensity to store fat in the abdominal depot and that some of these loci may influence the development of diabetes in obese subjects.
A Role for Hox A5 in Regulating Angiogenesis and Vascular Patterning (2005)

Together our results suggest that restoring Hox A5 expression may provide a novel means to limit breast tumor growth or expansion of hemangiomas.
Polyphosphate: an ancient molecule that links platelets, coagulation, and inflammation (2012)

Inorganic polyphosphate is widespread in biology and exhibits striking prohemostatic, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory effects in vivo. Long-chain polyphosphate (of the size present in infectious microorganisms) is a potent, natural pathophysiologic activator of the contact pathway of blood clotting. Medium-chain polyphosphate (of the size secreted from activated human platelets) accelerates factor V activation, completely abrogates the anticoagulant function of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, enhances fibrin clot structure, and greatly accelerates factor XI activation by thrombin. Polyphosphate may have utility as a hemostatic agent, whereas antagonists of polyphosphate may function as novel antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory agents. The detailed molecular mechanisms by which polyphosphate modulates blood clotting reactions remain to be elucidated.
Growth Hormone Replacement in an Adult with Mild Growth Hormone Deficiency and Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy: Growth Hormone Restores Independent Mobility (1998)

We present the case of an adult patient with growth hormone (GH) insufficiency and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1. Stopping GH replacement at the attainment of final height was associated with a marked reduction in power and mobility, resulting in the patient becoming wheelchair bound. GH replacement was assessed in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. During the GH replacement arm of the trial, the patient's mobility and independence returned to previous levels. We suggest that the indications for GH replacement in adults should take account of other medical problems, in particular neuromuscular disorders, as well as the degree of GH deficiency.
Carbon quantum dots and a method of making the same (2023)

The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a carbon quantum dot. The carbon quantum dot can be prepared from a carbon precursor, such as a fullerene, and a complex metal hydride. The present invention also discloses a carbon quantum dot made by reacting a carbon precursor with a complex metal hydride and a polymer containing a carbon quantum dot made by reacting a carbon precursor with a complex metal hydride.
SU‐E‐J‐64: Towards a Patient Specific Deformation Model in the Male Pelvis for IGRT via Limited Angle Imaging (2012)

This method produces better results than rigid registration and is comparable with results obtained by 3D/3D registration even though it uses limited angle projections. However, its relies on daily training CTs, so it is not yet a viable clinical method. Funding provided in part by Siemens Medical.
Changes in holding and ion‐channel currents during activation of an ascidian egg under voltage clamp (1982)

1. The unfertilized egg of an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, was activated by the divalent ionophore A23187 in natural or artificial sea water (nSW or ASW) or by an external solution containing a high concentration of Ca ions (high-Ca ASW) under voltage-clamp condition.2. Activation current began with an abrupt increase in the holding current and decayed relatively slowly with a common time course in various ASWs. Activation current was both Na- and Ca-dependent. The peak time, T(p), and the peak amplitude, D, of the activation current in nSW at 15 degrees C and -90 mV were 27 +/- 4 sec and -1.50 +/- 0.47 nA, respectively.3. The currents through Na, Ca and anomalous K channels were evoked by test pulses with constant intervals in nSW and high-Sr, high-Ca and high-K ASWs. Na-channel current was enhanced during activation. In contrast, Ca-channel current decreased. In high-Ca, Na-free ASW the Ca current through Na channels increased while the Ca current through Ca channels decreased. The time for the maximum of Na current, T(max), was (7.2 +/- 1.5) x 10 sec at 15 degrees C and index R, the ratio of the maximum amplitude to the amplitude before activation, was 2.31 +/- 0.18 in nSW. The time for the minimum of Ca-channel current, T(min), was about 70 sec, being almost the same as T(max) of Na current.4. The current through anomalous K channels increased initially and decreased later with a time lag behind the decrease in Ca-channel current.5. Both T(p) of activation current and T(max) of Na current were reduced by raising the temperature. Q(10) for T(p) and T(max) was 2.2 and 2.3, respectively.6. When the egg was activated in ASW containing scorpion toxin, the Na current through normal channels increased strongly while the Na current through toxinmodified channels increased less markedly.7. There was no significant change in the total membrane capacity before and during activation.
Feasibility of Real-Time Remote Speed Enforcement for Work Zones (2002)

Studies have shown that a large percentage of vehicles involved in work zone crashes are traveling at excessive speeds. Although traditional speed enforcement has been shown to reduce speeds through the work area, enforcement under these conditions can be dangerous to both the motoring public and enforcement officers. The work zone layout often limits the locations at which an officer can set up to enforce the speed limit and the locations at which violators can be stopped. Automated speed enforcement technology could help eliminate the need to stop violators in a work zone, but it is not currently a popular concept in the United States because of concerns about motorist privacy. Researchers hypothesized that this technology could be useful for work zone enforcement if adapted to a more real-time operation. The initial testing of the concept of remote speed enforcement is summarized. An automated speed enforcement system (consisting of digital video and lidar technology) was meshed with a wireless communications system. The unit determined when vehicles exceeded a certain speed threshold. If a vehicle was detected as exceeding the threshold, a digital photograph was taken of the violator. This photograph was then transmitted to an observer stationed downstream of the site. The technical feasibility of the system was assessed through field tests. Focus groups of law enforcement personnel were used to determine potential acceptance of the system in the law enforcement community. Recommendations for future improvements and possible applications of the system are made.