gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and Regular Algorithms for Scalar Multiplication over Elliptic Curves. (2011)

Elliptic curve cryptosystems are more and more widespread in everyday-life applications. This trend should still gain momentum in coming years thanks to the exponential security enjoyed by these systems compared to the subexponential security of other systems such as RSA. For this reason, efficient elliptic curve arithmetic is still a hot topic for cryptographers. The core operation of elliptic curve cryptosystems is the scalar multiplication which multiplies some point on an elliptic curve by some (usually secret) scalar. When such an operation is implemented on an embedded system such as a smart card, it is subject to side channel attacks. To withstand such attacks, one must constrain the scalar multiplication algorithm to be regular, namely to have an operation flow independent of the input scalar. A large amount of work has been published that focus on efficient and regular scalar multiplication and the choice leading to the best performances in practice is not clear. In this paper, we look into this question for general-form elliptic curves over large prime fields and we complete the current state-of-the-art. One of the fastest low-memory algorithms in the current literature is the Montgomery ladder using co-Z Jacobian arithmetic with X and Y coordinates only. We detail the regular implementation of this algorithm with various trade-offs and we introduce a new binary algorithm achieving comparable performances. For implementations that are less constrained in memory, windowing techniques and signed exponent recoding enable reaching better timings. We survey regular algorithms based on such techniques and we discuss their security with respect to side-channel attacks. On the whole, our work give a clear view of the currently best time-memory trade-offs for regular implementation of scalar multiplication over prime-field elliptic curves.
High Temperature Properties and Thermal Stability of a Unidirectionally Solidified Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/Er<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> Eutectic Composite (2000)

In order to develop stable composite materials in an air atmosphere above 1773 K, unidirectionally solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12 eutectic composites were fabricated by using the Bridgman-type equipment at the Japan Ultra-high Temperature Materials Research Center. Composites with dimensions of 40 mm in diameter by 70 mm in length consisted of single-crystal-like Al2O3 and single-crystal Er3Al5O12 without colonies or pores. The flexural strength of the composite is temperature independent from room temperature up to 2073 K (just below its melting point of about 2130 K). It was found also that the microstructure of the present composite has excellent thermal stability at 1973 K in an air atmosphere. The above superior high-temperature characteristics are due to a microstructure consisting of three-dimensionally continuous and complexly entangled single-crystal-like Al2O3 and single-crystal Er3Al5O12 phases, the formation of interfaces with no amorphous phases and comparatively good coherence.
A kinetic model of the hydrogen assisted selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia over Ag/Al2O3 (2013)

A global kinetic model which describes H 2 ‐assisted NH 3 ‐SCR over an Ag/Al 2 O 3 monolith catalyst has been developed. The intention is that the model can be applied for dosing NH 3 and H 2 to an Ag/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in a real automotive application as well as contribute to an increased understanding of the reaction mechanism for NH 3 ‐SCR. Therefore, the model needs to be simple and accurately predict the conversion of NO x . The reduction of NO is described by a global reaction, with a molar stoichiometry between NO, NH 3 and H 2 of 1:1:2. Further reactions included in the model are the oxidation of NH 3 to N 2 and NO, oxidation of H 2 , and the adsorption and desorption of NH 3 . The model was fitted to the results of an NH 3 ‐TPD experiment, an NH 3 oxidation experiment, and a series of H 2 ‐assisted NH 3 ‐SCR steady‐state experiments. The model predicts the conversion of NO x well even during transient experiments. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 4325–4333, 2013
Point light source integral imaging with improved resolution and viewing angle by the use of electrically movable pinhole array (2007)

A resolution and viewing-angle enhanced integral imaging system using electrically movable pinhole array is proposed. A pinhole array on liquid crystal is adopted as dynamic pinhole array in integral imaging. The location of the pinhole array is controlled electrically. The pinhole array is expected to be moved fast enough to make an after-image effect, and the corresponding elemental images are displayed synchronously without reducing the 3D viewing aspect of the reconstructed image. With the proposed technique, the resolution and the viewing angle can be improved remarkably, and the upper resolution limit imposed by the Nyquist sampling theorem is overcome. The explanation of the proposed system is provided and the experimental results are also presented.
Science and the Punishment/Control Movement (1996)

Research on crime and criminal careers has contributed to the knowledge base on criminology, and crime prediction methods have been refined. In particular, crime prediction has dominated criminological research between 1975 and 1990. Research findings have been influenced by political factors, however, in that criminologists provide advice to government policymakers and legislators on various facets of the criminal justice system. Further, criminological research is used to support the current inclination toward get tough approaches to crime. Theoretical, practical, and scientific problems associated with the punish and control approach are examined, as well as the link between politics and science.
Real Time RT-PCR for Quantitation of Human Metapneumovirus Virus from Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (2008)

Background: A rapid and sensitive diagnosis for human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is essential for detecting acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) affecting infants and young children. This is the first information from India on hMPV quantitation by Real Time RT-PCR. Methods: A real-time RT-PCR method was employed for the quantitation of viral load in clinical samples using published primer/probe pair from the highly conserved N gene of hMPV common for all subtypes. In-vitro transcripts of hMPV N gene and GAPDH were used (serial dilutions) as standards and external control respectively. Nasopharyngeal aspirates from 662 symptomatic children <5 years of age who presented with ARI to the hospital were collected. Of these 662 samples, hMPV was detected in 21 (3%) samples by conventional RT-PCR (cRT-PCR) using self designed primers. Results: For quantitation by real Time RT-PCR, 18 positive cases and 32 cRT-PCR negative cases were selected randomly. Real time RT-PCR detected all 18 samples positive by cRT-PCR. Male to female ratio of all the patients was 1.9:1. The age range of patients ranged from 1–71 months (Av.20.3 mo). Of the 18 positive samples, 12 had ALRI (7 admitted to ward and 5 visited hospital OPD) and 6 had URI. Viral load for ALRI cases was higher (3.1 × 101–1.15 × 108 copies/ml) than for URI cases (1.1 X101–2.6 × 107 copies/ml). In all the 18 positive cases, cough, difficulty in breathing, runny nose and fever was present. Pneumonia was present in 16 (88.8%) cases and 2 (11.1%) cases had bronchiolitis, whereas history of ARI in family was present in 10 (55.5%) cases. One patient had cyanosis and was admitted to ICU and later expired. Conclusion: Real time RT-PCR is a useful sensitive and specific assay for quantification of fastidious and difficult to grow virus like hMPV. In this study the in-house cRT-PCR and Real Time RT-PCR were found to be equally sensitive.
Congenital Neospora infection in calves born from cows that had previously aborted Neospora-infected fetuses: four cases (1990-1992). (1993)

Four dairy cows that had been successfully rebred following fetal Neospora infection and abortion were identified from 2 drylot dairies. All 4 cows had uncomplicated pregnancies with the birth of 5 full-term calves. The calves all had high precolostral serum IgG antibodies. The precolostral antibodies to Neospora sp as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test ranged from 5,120 to 20,480, compared with maternal serum and colostral antibody titers from 320 to 1,280. Two calves had mild neurologic limb deficits. Three calves had mild nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and Neospora organisms were found in the CNS of 3 calves. Findings indicate that repeat transplacental Neospora infections occur in cows. Additionally, calves born from cows with a history of Neospora fetal infection and abortion may have congenital Neospora infections and/or neurologic dysfunctions at birth. The Neospora indirect fluorescent antibody test appears to be a useful antemortem test for detection of calves exposed in utero to Neospora organisms.
A Review on Synthetic Receptors for Bioparticle Detection Created by Surface-Imprinting Techniques—From Principles to Applications (2016)

The strong affinity of biological receptors for their targets has been studied for many years. Noncovalent interactions between these natural recognition elements and their ligands form the basis for a broad range of biosensor applications. Although these sensing platforms are usually appreciably sensitive and selective, certain drawbacks are associated with biological receptors under nonphysiological conditions in terms of temperature, pH, or ionic strength. Therefore, there are considerable efforts to mimic such molecular interactions with robust, synthetic receptors. Molecular imprinting is the best-known technique to obtain antibody mimics by synthesizing a polymer matrix in the presence of a template species, such as molecules or larger aggregates. Extraction of the template results in sterically and functionally adapted binding cavities in or on a porous matrix. Although in principle possible, the detection of larger bioparticles such as proteins, microorganisms, or cells remains challenging when using the classical MIP concept. To tackle inherent difficulties, extending the concept of molecular imprinting toward surface imprinting is a promising approach: Here, binding cavities are formed directly on the surface of a cross-linked polymer layer, thus facilitating the removal of the templates. This article reviews the main surface-imprinting techniques and focuses on the implementation of surface-imprinted polymers (SIPs) into various biomimetic sensors and related applications. In addition, we provide an outlook on emerging research on surface imprinting and the development of biomimetic tools for diagnostic purposes.
Production and Movement of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a Headwater of Bothwell's Creek, Georgian Bay, Canada (1974)

Within the 21,500 m 2 headwater, the standing population of juvenile rainbow trout reached a high of 7.05 g/m 2 in October. Production was maximum during August at 1.77 g/m 2 . Total annual production is calculated at 284.5 kg (13.2 g/m 2 ). Spring emigrants (no less than 4830 fish weighing 69 kg) were age I (91%) and age II. Minimum calculated ratio of production to yield as emigrants was 4.1:1. Comparatively few age 0 fish emigrated during summer. Because of their demonstrated capability to produce juveniles, sensitive headwaters must be preserved from ecological disturbance to assure self-perpetuating rainbow trout populations in the Great Lakes.
Le tissu adipeux : Monsieur Hyde Obésité et Docteur Jekyll Médecine régénérative (2006)

. La fonction du bloc d'ADN rpt DXPas34 reste, quant elle, pour l'essentiel, dfinir. Outre la rgulation directe du promoteur de Tsix, on peut envisager une fonction de barrire vis--vis d'un rgulateur de Tsix, ou un rle dans la conformation tridimensionnelle de la chromatine, notamment via la formation de boucles. L'association des mcanismes de type ARNi spcifiques a t galement montre pour certains lments rpts en tandem L'tude de DXPas34 pourrait ainsi contribuer mieux comprendre la fonction des lments rpts dans les gnomes des mammifres. Without Tsix, male X chromosome is inactivated RFRENCES 1.
Incorporation of radioactive tubulin into microtubules at steady state. Experimental and theoretical analyses of diffusional and directional flux. (1980)

Subunit flux into porcine brain microtubules at steady state has been studied using both radioactive guanine nucleotide and a radioactive tubulin dimer, [3H]ethyltubulin, which is obtained by a reductive ethylation (Zeeberg, B., Cheek, J., and Caplow, M., (1980) Anal. Biochem. 104, 321--327). We have also determined the molecular rate constants for steady state dimer loss from and addition to the microtubule. This is the first study where the rate for flux of radioactive subunits at steady state has been correlated with the measured molecular rate constants. Also, we derive a theoretical analysis of the observed flux of subunits into a polymer at steady state in pulse and chase experiments; this is used to relate the flux and molecular rate constant to a steady state model. Analysis of our results shows that, at steady state, there is only a small difference in the number of assembly and disassembly events at a given microtubule end (as compared with the total number of events at both ends) in a unit of time; predominant opposite end assembly-disassembly (Margolis, R. L., and Wilson, L. (1978) Cell 13, 1--8) is, therefore, ruled out. The almost complete absence of opposite end assembly-disassembly in the steady state provides a means for very efficient regulation of the microtubule network in vivo, since a small modulation in the relative magnitudes of the molecular rate constants can increase the subunit flux dramatically.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioavailability of Mannosylated Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles (2004)

Saccharide-functionalized shell cross-linked (SCK) polymer micelles designed as polyvalent nanoscaffolds for selective interactions with receptors on Gram negative bacteria were constructed from mixed micelles composed of poly(acrylic acid-b-methyl acrylate) and mannosylated poly(acrylic acid-b-methyl acrylate). The mannose unit was conjugated to the hydrophilic chain terminus of the amphiphilic diblock copolymer precursor, from which the SCK nanoparticles were derived, by the growth of the diblock copolymer from a mannoside functionalized atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator. Mixed micelle formation between the amphiphilic diblock copolymer and mannosylated amphiphilic diblock copolymer was followed by condensation-based cross-linking between the acrylic acid residues present in the periphery of the polymer micelles to afford SCK nanoparticles. SCKs presenting variable numbers of mannose functionalities were prepared from mixed micelles of controlled stoichiometric ratios of mannosylated and nonmannosylated diblock copolymers. The polymer micelles and SCKs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AU). Surface availability and bioactivity of the mannose units were evaluated by interactions of the nanostructures with the model lectin Concanavalin A via DLS studies, with red blood cells (rabbit) via agglutination inhibition assays and with bacterial cells (E. coli) via TEM imaging.
Modulating stem cell–chondrocyte interactions for cartilage repair using combinatorial extracellular matrix-containing hydrogels (2016)

Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair either directly through chondrogenic differentiation or indirectly through paracrine signaling. Using a 3D co-culture model, we have recently reported that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can catalyze cartilage formation by neonatal chondrocytes (NChons) when mixed co-cultured in biomimetic hydrogels. However, how matrix cues influence such catalyzed cartilage formation remains unknown. To answer this question, ADSCs and NChons were co-encapsulated in 39 combinatorial hydrogel compositions with decoupled biochemical and mechanical properties. Methacrylated extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate were incorporated at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) (w/v). Mechanical testing confirmed that hydrogel stiffness was largely decoupled from ECM cues (15 kPa, 40 kPa and 100 kPa). The biochemical assay and histology results showed that the type of ECM cue played a dominant role in modulating catalyzed cartilage formation, while varying hydrogel stiffness and doses of ECM led to more modest changes. Both chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid led to robust articular cartilage matrix deposition, as shown by the intense staining of aggrecan and type II collagen. In soft hydrogels (15 kPa), chondroitin sulfate led to the highest amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycan deposition and increased compressive moduli. In contrast, heparan sulfate promoted type I collagen deposition, an undesirable fibrocartilage phenotype, and increasing heparan sulfate decreased cell proliferation and ECM deposition. Findings from the present study may guide the optimal scaffold design to maximize the synergistic cartilage formation using mixed cell populations.
Anforderungen an Umkehrdächer mit Trennlage: Erläuterungen zur Anwendung von EN ISO 6946 (2004)

Abstract Dieser Beitrag soll für unterschiedliche Regionen in Europa die Anwendung der Norm EN ISO 6946 im Hinblick auf Wärmeverluste beim Umkehrdach erläutern. In der Fassung dieser Norm von Oktober 2003 wird bei der Bestimmung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten bei Umkehrdächern ein zusätzlicher, niederschlagsbedingter Wärmeverlust berücksichtigt. Die zusätzlichen Wärmeverluste eines Daches, die bedingt durch den Abfluß von erwärmten Niederschlägen unterhalb der Wärmedämmung entstehen, können somit rechnerisch erfaßt werden. Die Größe der Wärmeverluste ist abhängig von der Niederschlagsmenge und dem Anteil der Wassermenge, die direkt zwischen Dachabdichtung und Wärmedämmung abläuft. Diese Veröffentlichung soll die Anwendung der Norm für unterschiedliche Regionen in Europa erläutern. Hierzu werden ergänzend Klimadaten und Randbedingungen verschiedener Regionen dargestellt. Zudem werden bei Umkehrdächern mit Trennlage die Anforderungen an die Trennlage beschrieben. Hierbei werden die niederschlagsbedingten Wärmeverluste in der Folge soweit verringert, daß diese rechnerisch unberücksichtigt bleiben können.
Molecular Characterization of a Highly-Active Thermophilic β-Glucosidase from Neosartorya fischeri P1 and Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Soybean Isoflavone Glycosides (2014)

Isoflavone occurs abundantly in leguminous seeds in the form of glycoside and aglycone. However, isoflavone glycoside has anti-nutritional effect and only the free type is beneficial to human health. In the present study we identified a β-glucosidase from thermophilic Neosartorya fischeri P1, termed NfBGL1, capable of efficiently converting isoflavone glycosides into free isoflavones. The gene, belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3, was successfully overexpressed in Pichia pastoris at high cell density in a 3.7-l fermentor. Purified recombinant NfBGL1 had higher specific activity (2189 ± 1.7 U/mg) and temperature optimum (80 °C) than other fungal counterparts when using p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate. It retained stable at temperatures up to 70 °C and over a broad pH range of 3.0-10.0. NfBGL1 had broad substrate specificity including glucosidase, cellobiase, xylanase and glucanase activities, and displayed preference for hydrolysis of β-1,2 glycosidic bond rather than β-1,3, β-1,4, β-1,6 bonds. The enzyme showed high bioconversion ability for major soybean isoflavone glycosides (daidin, gensitin and glycitin) into free forms. These properties make NfBGL1 potential for the wide use in the food, feed, pharmacy and biofuel industries.
Enhanced Mucosal Transport of Polysaccharide–Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites for Oral Vaccination (2021)

Oral vaccine has attracted much interest, as it can stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity with noninvasive and good patient compliance. However, the oral vaccine efficiency is strongly constrained by the low absorption of antigens in the small intestine due to the mucosal barriers. Physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) have strong effects on antigen mucosal penetration, helping to improve immune response. However, surface functions of NPs on mucosal transportation have not been clearly understood. In this work, we elaborately investigated how the surface characteristics of mucoadhesive chitosan and its derivant act on oral antigen absorption and immune response. Core-shell chitosan- and <i>o</i>-carboxymethyl chitosan-coated calcium phosphate (CaP) nanocomposites have been fabricated to investigate the surface property effect on protein antigen delivery using the oral route. The interaction between polymer-coated CaP NPs and the intestinal mucosal layer was studied using mucin absorption, NP diffusion through the mucus layer, NP permeability across the epithelium monolayer, and their cellular uptake by antigen presenting cells in detail. <i>Ex vivo</i> mucosa distribution and <i>in vivo</i> oral immunization of polymer-coated CaP nanocomposites were further examined to demonstrate that the surface property of NPs affects CaP diffusion and penetration through the mucosal layer. As expected, OVA orally delivered by polymer-coated CaP nanocomposites improved the response of mucosal immunity compared to antigen OVA itself <i>in vivo</i>.
Resolution of Gelatinous Bone Marrow Transformation Following Hormone Replacement Therapy in a Patient with Primary Insufficiency of the Adrenal and Thyroid Glands (2013)

A 59-year-old man with recurrent oral cancer presented with severe pancytopenia, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia. Endocrine testing showed a partial primary adrenal insufficiency and primary hypothyroidism. The bone marrow biopsy showed a gelatinous transformation with hypocellularity and fat atrophy. His pancytopenia, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia resolved following treatment with corticosteroids and thyroid hormone replacement therapy. The follow-up bone marrow biopsy demonstrated a resolution of the gelatinous transformation. This case is a rare example of a patient with a primary insufficiency of the adrenal and thyroid glands that is associated with gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GMT). The GMT was resolved through the administration of corticosteroids and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Arsenic precipitates in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs multiple superlattice and quantum well structures (1992)

Arsenic precipitates in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs multiple superlattices and quantum well structures which were grown at low substrate temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Novel precipitate microstructures were observed in annealed samples, including confinement of precipitates in GaAs wells and nearly complete depletion of precipitates in a short period superlattice. It is shown that these observed microstructures can be explained as a result of the difference of precipitate/matrix interfacial energies in GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As.