gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BANANA PRODUCTION IRRIGATED WITH TREATED EFFLUENT IN THE CANARY ISLANDS (2000)

The Giant Cavendish variety of bananas was grown for two years under four different microirrigation (drip)water quality treatments. The treatments consisted of fresh groundwater (FW), fresh groundwater (70%) mixed withsecondary effluent (30%) (FW+SE), desalinized secondary effluent (70%) mixed with secondary effluent (30%)(DSE+SE), and desalinized secondary effluent (DSE). The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block (RCB)design with three replications and four treatments. The production was under greenhouse conditions, typical for the GranCanaria, Canary Islands. Plants were grown following typical water and fertilizer application used by the best growerson the Island. Productivity of banana plants, estimated as mean bunch weight, was significantly affected by water quality.Plants irrigated exclusively with desalinated secondary effluent showed significantly lower yield than those irrigatedusing fresh water. Desalinized secondary effluent had most of the salts removed; however, this treatment had the highestlevels of SAR. There was no significant difference in yield in the two higher salinity treatments and the 30% addition ofsecondary effluent did not negatively impact plant growth or banana yield as compared with the FW treatment.
An equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vector expressing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Gn and Gc induces neutralizing antibodies in sheep (2017)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne bunyavirus that can cause serious and fatal disease in humans and animals. RVFV is a negative-sense RNA virus of the Phlebovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. The main envelope RVFV glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, are encoded on the M segment of RVFV and known inducers of protective immunity. In an attempt to develop a safe and efficacious RVF vaccine, we constructed and tested a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine that expresses RVFV Gn and Gc. The Gn and Gc genes were custom-synthesized after codon optimization and inserted into EHV-1 strain RacH genome. The rH_Gn-Gc recombinant virus grew in cultured cells with kinetics that were comparable to those of the parental virus and stably expressed Gn and Gc. Upon immunization of sheep, the natural host, neutralizing antibodies against RVFV were elicited by rH_Gn-Gc and protective titers reached to 1:320 at day 49 post immunization but not by parental EHV-1, indicating that EHV-1 is a promising vector alternative in the development of a safe marker RVFV vaccine.
Calculation of the clearance requirements for the development of a hemodialysis‐based wearable artificial kidney (2015)

Wearable artificial kidney (WAK) has been considered an alternative to standard hemodialysis (HD) for many years. Although various novel WAK systems have been recently developed for use in clinical applications, the target performance or standard dose of dialysis has not yet been determined. To calculate the appropriate clearance for a HD-based WAK system for the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease with various dialysis conditions, a classic variable-volume two-compartment kinetic model was used to simulate an anuric patient with variable target time-averaged creatinine concentration (TAC), daily water intake volume, daily dialysis pause time, and patient body weight. A 70-kg anuric patient with a HD-based WAK system operating for 24 h required dialysis clearances of creatinine of at least 100, 50, and 25 mL/min to achieve TACs of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/dL, respectively. The daily water intake volume did not affect the clearance required for dialysis under various conditions. As the pause time per day for the dialysis increased, higher dialysis clearances were required to maintain the target TAC. The present study provided theoretical dialysis doses for an HD-based WAK system to achieve various target TACs through relevant mathematical kinetic modeling. The theoretical results may contribute to the determination of the technical specifications required for the development of a WAK system.
Study on analytical technique for downhole information (1st Report). Estimation of Rock Strength by Bit Vibration. (1994)

Drilling tests for several types of rock were conducted to investigate the relationship between bit vibration and rock strength. An insert bit, a tooth bit and a PDC bit of 3-7/8 in. diameter were used for the tests. Rocks drilled are tuff, sandstone, granite and two types of andesite whose uniaxial compressive strength ranges from 16.5 to 167 MPa. The bit vibration while drilling was measured by two accelerometers for horizontal and vertical directions set in a rod above the bit. The magnitude of the bit vibration was obtained by the calculation of RMS (root mean square) value of acceleration.
Optimum threshold for ranging based on ToA estimation error analysis (2009)

Precision ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging requires accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (ToA). The threshold-based ToA estimation is attractive due to its simplicity. In this paper theoretical closed form expressions of ToA estimation error are derived. A new technique to set the threshold as a function of distance is proposed. ToA estimation error of conventional threshold and distance dependent (DD) threshold setting are analyzed at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR).
ADB's Distinguished Speakers Program Measuring the Connectedness of the Financial System: Implications for Risk Management (2014)

Well thank you very much. I greatly appreciate the opportunity to speak to you today and for your taking the time to do so.
Solids circulation behaviour in a circulating fluidized bed with a concentric annular feeding mechanism (2021)

Abstract The solids circulation behaviour in a circulating fluidized bed with a concentric annular feeder (a‐CFB) was investigated, with a focus on the effect of the entrance structure design and gas flow rates in the riser and the annular region on the solids circulation rate. The pressure drop in the annular region was found to be strongly correlated to the entrance region configuration and solids circulation rate for a given type of particles. Based on a systematic experimental study of the riser bottom configuration and operating parameters on solids circulation rate of the a‐CFB, a new method was proposed for in‐situ monitoring solids circulation rate based on the measurement of pressure drop in the annular region of the a‐CFB.
A Token-Based User Authentication Mechanism for Data Exchange in RESTful API (2015)

The RESTful Web-Service API is widely used to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. RESTful API allows the server to authenticate each client by cookies or session on HTTP protocol. However, it is easy for a hacker to steal the identification information, e.g., by tapping the broadcast packets or by providing a fake proxy to do so. With the stolen identify, the hacker can disguise himself as an authenticated client to interact with a server. In this research, we propose a new mechanism called disposable token, which is based on token authentication of RESTful API on HTTP protocol. This mechanism asks a client to store the public and private token-pair computed by the server. In each communication, the client uses the stored public token, private token and the current timestamp to produce a disposable token, which is subsequently received by the server for verification. With this mechanism, each communication will be valid only in a fixed period of time, thus reducing risks of stolen identity.
Serodiagnosis of cancer by using Candida cytochrome c recognized by human monoclonal antibody HB4C5 (1991)

Cytochrome c from various sources, such as Candida krusei, yeast, horse, and cattle, was found to be recognized by human monoclonal antibody HB4C5 specific to lung cancer. Therefore, the cytochrome c was applied to the measurement of antibody amount in patient sera with a similar reactivity to the antibody HB4C5 for serodiagnosis of cancer. The cytochrome c from Candida krusei was most valuable for the serodiagnosis of various cancers, and the yeast cytochrome c was also useful. However, horse and bovine cytochrome c did not react with antibody of the cancer patients. By using Candida cytochrome c lung, bile duct, esophagus, and liver cancers were detected at high rates of more than 50%. In the case of lung cancer, the detection rates of small-cell, squamous, large-cell and adenocarcinoma were 78%, 63%, 100%, and 34%, respectively. The rate for small-cell carcinoma was higher than that with the currently used NSE assay system, and the rate for squamous carcinoma was comparable to that with the SCC assay system, although the system using cytochrome c did not show similar reactivity to that with the SCC system. Furthermore, lung cancer was detected at early stages by using cytochrome c, and even in the case of adenocarcinoma, the rate at early stages with the cytochrome c system was higher than that with the CEA assay system. On the other hand, false positive rates of benign diseases and normal were low--8% and 2%, respectively.
Semi-Lagrangian Method for Numerical Analysis of Fluid Mixing in T-Shaped Micromixer (2013)

A novel semi-Lagrangian computational method has been developed in order to determine an accurate solution to the fluid mixing problem with a given velocity field in a T-shaped micromixer. Its trajectory-based fractional discretization scheme consists of a grid-based expression of a Laplacian with a spatial interpolation and a Lagrangian expression of convective transport by backward tracer particle tracking. The present numerical simulations provide high accuracy with negligible numerical diffusion for any grid orientations. The solutions to convective mixing in an engulfment flow regime of a T-shaped micromixer at Re=200 for various values of Sc from 1 to 1000 are compared with those obtained from a conventional grid-based method and a backward random-walk Monte Carlo method. The results of the proposed method are shown to agree well with those of the Monte Carlo method for all conditions, while the grid method presents large discrepancies due to unavoidable numerical diffusion at large values of Sc even with 16 million cells. It is demonstrated that the present method requires considerably lesser CPU time to achieve an accuracy equal to that obtained with the Monte Carlo method.
Translative interface for data sharing and integrating: A paradigm for distributed data systems (1993)

Typically, applications are built only after the database schema is available. To enable the application designer/programmer with the tools necessary to forge ahead without having to wait for the data schema definition, a change from traditional methodologies must take place. This paper proposes an alternate design methodology intended to bring applications on-line as soon as possible. We will look at using Inmon`s paradigm for decision support systems and tie it together with Martin`s subject databases used in a distributed data system.
THE VIABILITY OF DONOR HARVESTING FROM THE ANKLE IN MACI PROCEEDURES (2008)

Introduction: Osteochondral lesions of the Talar Dome(OCD) remain a difficult therapeutic problem. One solution has been to consider using autologous chondrocyte implants. Though initial results of this technique are interesting the donor sites have always been in a normal knee. The presence of knee symptoms subsequently in some patients might be regarded as inevitable. This paper reports on the viabilty of donor material taken from the ankle. Materials: Twenty four patients have been recruited to a pilot study of the viability of obtaining donated chondral material for Matrix Autologous Condrocyte Implantation. There were 14 men and 10 women. Their mean age was 37.3 years (range 17–63). All were complaining of presistent symptoms of pain and some insecurity following previous conventional surgery for treatment of a symptomatic OCD. All had MRI evidence of ongoing changes in keeping with persistent problems related to an OCD. Methods: All patients had an initial arthroscopy of the affected ankle to reassess the state of the joint surface. Donor articular cartilage was obtained from one of three sites. The anterior part of the joint surface on the talar neck, from the medial articular facet of the talus or rarely from an area of articular cartilage on the edge of the lesion. The mean weight of the donor harvest was 133 micrograms(range51–450). Results: All donated graft material produced viable implantable graft material between 5 and 7 weeks from harvest. Cell counts ranged from 12.3 million to 20 million with cell viabilities of 98% or above. These figures are directly comparable with the results obtained from the knee despite the original donor weights being less. Conclusion: If this technique is contemplated the use of the affected ankle as a donor site is a viable alternative to the knee.
Hydrocracking of Heavy Oils with Fine Powder Catalysts (Part 1) (1978)

原料油処理量10l/hrの粉末触媒懸濁床式重質油水素化分解試験装置により, 触媒としてCo-Mo-活性炭, Mo-活性炭またはCo-Mo-アルミナを用い, 反応圧力200kg/cm2, 反応温度440°Cおよび450°Cの条件で, ガッチサラン減圧残油の水素化分解を行い, 軽質油を好収率で得た。装置の連続運転が可能な反応圧力の下限は, Co-Mo-アルミナ触媒の場合, 反応温度440°Cで50kg/cm2, 反応温度450°Cで70kg/cm2であった。反応圧力の影響は, 圧力が低いほど脱金属率が低下し炭素質析出量が増加するが, 脱硫率は僅か低下するだけで生成油の軽質化はかえって促進されることが分かった。水素消費量は150～200Nl/kg•原料油であった。
Imaging the Breakdown of Ohmic Transport in Graphene (2022)

Ohm's law describes the proportionality of the current density and electric field. In solid-state conductors, Ohm's law emerges due to electron scattering processes that relax the electrical current. Here, we use nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry to directly image the local breakdown of Ohm's law in a narrow constriction fabricated in a high mobility graphene monolayer. Ohmic flow is visible at room temperature as current concentration on the constriction edges, with flow profiles entirely determined by sample geometry. However, as the temperature is lowered below 200 K, the current concentrates near the constriction center. The change in the flow pattern is consistent with a crossover from diffusive to viscous electron transport dominated by electron-electron scattering processes that do not relax current.
Construction of biological surface models from cross-sections image processing (1993)

An approach improving on existing techniques is presented for blending cross-sections of biological objects to produce a polynomial surface model. As intermediate steps to the final surface skinning, representative data points on the cross-sections are selected for defining piecewise cubic B-splines providing an immediate reduction in storage and computational requirements for the contour representation of the objects. A mesh of quadrilateral patches is subsequently formed over adjacent cross-sections using bicubic B-spline surfaces which exhibit second parametric derivative (C2) continuity. The surface model provides a complete and robust representation with significant data reduction. The resulting algorithm is demonstrated using bone data of a human hand.
No Charge Reversal at Foam Film Surfaces after Addition of Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes? (2009)

The present work deals with control of the stability of ionic surfactant (tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) foam films by the addition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. In the two cases of low and high polyelectrolyte concentrations, a common black film is formed. This is due to an electrostatic repulsion (in the latter case, according to the hitherto assumption) caused by a charge reversal at film surfaces at high polyelectrolyte concentration. But what happens around the nominal isoelectric point (IEP), where the net charge of the whole film is close to zero? Is a Newton black film formed or does the film break? Disjoining pressure isotherms show a strong reduction in stability close to the IEP. The comparison between surface tension and elasticity measurements and disjoining pressure isotherms leads to a surprising conclusion: The stability of foam films seems not to be dominated by the net charge of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes at the surface, which was the former hypothesis, but by the overall net charge of the film.
A Urine Based Genomic Assay to Triage Patients with Hematuria for Cystoscopy (2020)

The urine assay detected urothelial cancer with a very high accuracy and can be used to triage patients presenting with hematuria for cystoscopy.
Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of novel hydrazone‐substituted thiophene[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent human immunodeficiency virus‐1 inhibitors (2018)

In the previous studies of our laboratory, the thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine was identified as a promising scaffold for seeking highly potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). In this study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a series of thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with changed linker between the thiophenepyrimidine core and the right wing. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent HIV-1 inhibitory potency with low (double-digit) nanomolar 50% effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub> ) values. Among them, compound 13a exhibited the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC<sub>50</sub> = 21.2 nM), which was 10-fold greater than that of NVP (EC<sub>50</sub> = 281 nM). Moreover, 13a showed much lower cytotoxicity (CC<sub>50</sub> = 183 μM) and higher selection index (SI = 8,632) than NVP, ETV, and AZT. Besides, some physicochemical properties and water solubility were calculated or measured. The preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular simulation studies of these compounds were also discussed comprehensively to provide valuable direction for further design and optimization.
A Natural Infrastructure-Less Human–Robot Interaction System (2017)

This letter introduces a novel methodology for letting a user interact with a robotic system in a natural manner. The main idea is that of defining an interaction system that does not require any specific infrastructure or device but relies on commonly utilized objects while leaving the user's hands free. Specifically, we propose to utilize a smartwatch (or any commercial sensorized wristband) for recognizing the motion of the user's forearm. This is achieved by measuring accelerations and angular velocities, which are then elaborated for recognizing gestures and for defining velocity commands for the robot. The proposed interaction system is evaluated experimentally with different users controlling a semiautonomous quadrotor. Results show that the usability and effectiveness of the proposed natural interaction system provide significant improvement in the human-robot interaction experience.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing re-circulating loop transmission testbed (2004)

The development of a recirculating fibre loop testbed to support the R&D activities of the Photonics Research Centre at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is reported. The test-bed consists of 200 km of Coming SMF-28 fibre, 5 EDFAs, 8 DFB lasers, 100 GHz-spaced 8-channel DWDM multiplexers and dispersion-compensation gratings.
Aortic wall stress profile after repair of coarctation of the aorta. It is related to subsequent true aneurysm formation? (1992)

The models demonstrated that the major variable affecting stress levels in the aortic wall after coarctation repair was the patch geometry. If the patch was allowed to balloon out, the aortic wall stress increased out of proportion to the increase in aortic diameter because of nonlinear effects. The maximal aortic wall stress concentration occurred opposite the patch. Patch stiffness was also an important variable, with a lower stiffness (subclavian flap repair) leading to a higher aortic wall stress for the same patch geometry as a synthetic patch repair. Inferences: Development of true aneurysms after coarctation repair by synthetic patch aortoplasty is likely to result from excessive aortic wall stress due to patch geometry.
Direction-of-arrival interferometer array design using genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic (2004)

Design of interferometer arrays for radio frequency direction of arrival estimation involves optimizing conflicting requirements. For example, high resolution conflicts with low cost. Lower level requirements also invoke lower level design issues such as ambiguity in direction of arrival angle. A more efficient array design process is described here, which uses a genetic algorithm with a growing genome and fuzzy logic scoring. Extensive simulation software is also needed. Simulation starts with randomized small array configurations. These are then evaluated against the fitness functions with results scored using fuzzy logic. The best-fit of the population are combined to produce the next generation. A mutation function introduces slight randomness in some genomes. Finally, if the overall population scores well the size of the genome is increased until final genome size is consistent with the desired array resolution requirement. The genetic algorithm design process described here produced a number of array designs. The results indicate discrete stages or steps in the optimization and an interesting trade-off of lower resolution for greater accuracy.
Targeted Drug Delivery to the Brain Using Magnetic Nanoparticles (2015)

Brain capillary endothelial cells denote the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and conjugation of nanoparticles with antibodies that target molecules expressed by these endothelial cells may facilitate their uptake and transport into the brain. Magnetic nanoparticles can be encapsulated in liposomes and carry large molecules with therapeutic potential, for example, siRNA, cDNA and polypeptides. An additional approach to enhance the transport of magnetic nanoparticles across the BBB is the application of extracranially applied magnetic force. Stepwise targeting of magnetic nanoparticles to brain capillary endothelial cells followed by transport through the BBB using magnetic force may prove a novel mechanism for targeted therapy of macromolecules to the brain.
Use of Experimental Padded Hosiery to Reduce Abnormal Foot Pressures in Diabetic Neuropathy (1989)

High pressures under the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathy are associated with the development of plantar ulceration. The aim of management is the reduction of such stresses with orthoses and insoles. An American hosiery manufacturer has developed socks designed to reduce stress on athletes' feet, and we report a preliminary evaluation of this technique in the reduction of elevated plantar pressure in 27 neuropathic diabetic patients. With a computerized optical pedobarograph, three footsteps on each side were recorded under three conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) wearing the patients' own hosiery, and 3) wearing experimental patented padded hosiery. The patients' own hosiery did not have a significant effect on plantar pressure, but the experimental hosiery reduced both peak forefoot pressure and the area under the time-pressure curve (P less than .001) by a mean of 26 and 29%, respectively. We conclude that the experimental hosiery is effective in reducing vertical pressures under the diabetic foot and, in conjunction with established orthotic techniques, may be a useful addition to the treatment of the diabetic patient at risk for foot ulceration.