gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Transistors with Nanowire Channel: Toward Nonvolatile Memory Applications (2009)

We report the fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanowire memory devices using a ferroelectric Pb(Zr(0.3)Ti(0.7))O(3) (PZT) film as the gate dielectric and the charge storage medium. With a comparison to nanowire transistors based on SiO(2) gate oxide, the devices were evaluated in terms of their electric transport, retention, and endurance performance. Memory effects are observed as characterized by an eminent counterclockwise loop in I-V(g) curves, which is attributed to the switchable remnant polarization of PZT. The single-nanowire device exhibits a high (up to 10(3)) on/off ratio at zero gate voltage. Our results give a proof-of-principle demonstration of the memory application based on a combination of nanowires (as channels) and ferroelectric films (as gate oxide).
The guard cell metabolome: functions in stomatal movement and global food security (2015)

Guard cells represent a unique single cell-type system for the study of cellular responses to abiotic and biotic perturbations that affect stomatal movement. Decades of effort through both classical physiological and functional genomics approaches have generated an enormous amount of information on the roles of individual metabolites in stomatal guard cell function and physiology. Recent application of metabolomics methods has produced a substantial amount of new information on metabolome control of stomatal movement. In conjunction with other "omics" approaches, the knowledge-base is growing to reach a systems-level description of this single cell-type. Here we summarize current knowledge of the guard cell metabolome and highlight critical metabolites that bear significant impact on future engineering and breeding efforts to generate plants/crops that are resistant to environmental challenges and produce high yield and quality products for food and energy security.
What Kind of Work is HCI Work? (2002)

In this panel, we will explore the impact that emerging new wireless technologies have on the way children learn, communicate and play. The challenge of interface design for children's wireless technologies will be discussed along with the opportunities these new technologies afford for social learning experiences. Panelists will discuss a range of issues based on their diverse perspectives as ethnographers, researchers, and product developers. Panelists will be asked questions not only from the audience, but also from a diverse group of discussants: three CHIkids (ages 7-11), one K-12 teacher and one parent of a child who uses wireless technologies.
Temperature dependence of nitrification in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (2023)

The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a novel method for the biological treatment of wastewaters and has been successfully applied for nitrification. To improve the design and adaptation of MABR processes for colder climates and varying temperatures, the temperature dependence of a counter-diffusional biofilm's nitrification performance was investigated. A lab-scale MABR system with silicone hollow fibre membranes was operated at various temperatures between 8 and 30°C, and batch tests were performed to determine the ammonia oxidation kinetics. Biofilm samples were taken at 8 and 24°C and analysed with 16S rRNA sequencing to monitor changes in the microbial community composition, and a mathematical model was used to study the temperature dependence of mass transfer. A high nitrification rate (3.08 g N m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) was achieved at 8°C, and temperature dependence was found to be low (θ = 1.024-1.026) compared to suspended growth processes. Changes in the community composition were moderate, <i>Nitrospira defluvii</i> remaining the most dominant species. Mass transfer limitations were shown to be largely responsible for the observed trends, consistent with other biofilm processes. The results show that the MABR is a promising technology for low temperature nitrification, and appropriate management of the mass transfer resistance can optimise the process for both low and high temperature operation.
Conjugated Bifunctional Carbazole‐Based Oxime Esters: Efficient and Versatile Photoinitiators for 3D Printing under One‐ and Two‐Photon Excitation (2019)

Abstract The rapid development of 3D printing using visible light as an irradiation source requires efficient visible light photoinitiators to realize a fast and reliable 3D printing process. Based on the photocleavage concept, a series of symmetric bifunctional photoinitiators comprising oxime‐ester moieties as latent initiation functionalities and conjugated carbazole as chromophores was synthesized. The impact of substitution position and the types of radicals on photophysical and photochemical behavior was investigated via experimental tests combined with quantum‐chemical calculations. The conjugated carbazole‐based oxime esters exhibit broad absorption bands from 250 to 400 nm and an interesting photobleaching property was observed during photolysis. Under 405 nm LED irradiation, the photoinitiation efficiency of the novel photoinitiators is comparable to that of the commercial visible light photoinitiator TPO. A vertical resolution of 50 μm was obtained when using oxime esters as photoinitiators in DLP 3D printing to fabricate delicate objects. The A‐π‐D‐π‐A core structures impart sufficient two‐photon cross sections (102–136 GM) to the oxime esters, enabling the construction of complex 3D microstructures of nanometer spatial resolution with two‐photon 3D printing technology. Notably, the threshold energy of the formulation containing 4d is lower than that of the commercial two‐photon resists IP−L. Also, the thermal stability of the PIs (&gt;160 °C) is sufficient for daily storage.
A Regulatory Feedback between Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Regulatory B Cells Is Aberrant in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2016)

Signals controlling the generation of regulatory B (Breg) cells remain ill-defined. Here we report an "auto"-regulatory feedback mechanism between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and Breg cells. In healthy individuals, pDCs drive the differentiation of CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) (immature) B cells into IL-10-producing CD24(+)CD38(hi) Breg cells and plasmablasts, via the release of IFN-α and CD40 engagement. CD24(+)CD38(hi) Breg cells conversely restrained IFN-α production by pDCs via IL-10 release. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), this cross-talk was compromised; pDCs promoted plasmablast differentiation but failed to induce Breg cells. This defect was recapitulated in healthy B cells upon exposure to a high concentration of IFN-α. Defective pDC-mediated expansion of CD24(+)CD38(hi) Breg cell numbers in SLE was associated with altered STAT1 and STAT3 activation. Both altered pDC-CD24(+)CD38(hi) Breg cell interactions and STAT1-STAT3 activation were normalized in SLE patients responding to rituximab. We propose that alteration in pDC-CD24(+)CD38(hi) Breg cell interaction contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinaseβ Is Critical for Functional Association of rab11 with the Golgi Complex (2004)

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinasebeta (PI4Kbeta) plays an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of the Golgi complex. In a search for PI4Kbeta-interacting proteins, we found that PI4Kbeta specifically interacts with the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase rab11. The PI4Kbeta-rab11 interaction is of functional significance because inhibition of rab11 binding to PI4Kbeta abolished the localization of rab11 to the Golgi complex and significantly inhibited transport of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane. We propose that a novel function of PI4Kbeta is to act as a docking protein for rab11 in the Golgi complex, which is important for biosynthetic membrane transport from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the Placebo and Active Arms of a COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trial (2021)

There are reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and cranial neuropathies occurring during or shortly after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.1,2 Some recent infections are known to trigger GBS. A recent epidemiologic cohort study found no evidence for causality between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and GBS.3 There is a modest risk of GBS attributed to any vaccination (about 1 to 3 additional cases per million people vaccinated for seasonal influenza),4 and this has raised the possibility that the worldwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign may lead to some people developing GBS.5 Documents submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for Emergency Use Authorization of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, d26.COV2.S, a recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector encoding a full-length and stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, however, include reports of 2 patients, 1 in the placebo and 1 in the active arm of the trial, developing GBS within 2 weeks of receiving an injection.6,7 Here we report the clinical features of the participant who received the vaccine (5 × 1010 viral particles) at the intended dose for clinical practice and discuss why this case cannot be used to establish a causal association between vaccination and the onset of GBS.
Improved PRM method of low altitude penetration trajectory planning for UAVs (2014)

In this paper, an improved probabilistic roadmap (PRM) method of low altitude penetration trajectory planning for UAVs is proposed. This approach generates a reference trajectory by constructing a roadmap firstly and searching it secondly before the take-off of UAV. During the roadmap construction process, the traditional randomized sampling method is improved by new kinds of sampling methods, in which information of terrain and threats is fully used so that the roadmap can avoid terrain and threats as well as follow the terrain automatically. During the search process, A* algorithm is used to search for a trajectory and UAVs dynamic constraints are considered in the search process to guarantee that the trajectory is feasible. The simulation results demonstrated that the improved method can achieve a desirable trajectory in the low altitude penetration tasks.
Contribution of TLR2 to the Initiation of Ganglioside-triggered Inflammatory Signaling (2008)

Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are implicated in many neuronal diseases, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying their pathological activities are poorly understood. Here we report that TLR2 participates in the initiation of ganglioside-triggered inflammatory signaling responses. Using FACS analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that gangliosides rapidly enhanced the cell surface expression of TLR2 in microglia, while reducing that of TLR4. The ganglioside-dependent increase of TLR2 expression was also observed at the messenger and protein levels. We also showed that gangliosides stimulate the interaction of TLR2 with Myd88, an adaptor for TLRs, and obtained evidence that lipid raft formation is closely associated with the ganglioside-induced activation of TLR2 and subsequent inflammatory signaling. These results collectively suggest that TLR2 contributes to the ability of gangliosides to cause inflammatory conditions in the brain.
FIR/IIR cascade approximating H.264/AVC interpolation filter (2014)

Interpolation implemented as an FIR filter followed by an IIR filter is proposed for video coding. Being good approximation to the interpolation filter of the H.264/AVC video coding standard, it has lower complexity measure. It is shown that the proposed filter cascade has minimal achievable round-off error for fixed-point arithmetic. Specific boundary conditions for IIR part that make this filtering affordable for small prediction blocks are provided. The proposed cascade can be used as an interpolation filter for fast motion estimation in hybrid video codecs. Comparison to known short FIR filter used for motion estimation part for H.264/AVC video encoder is provided. The proposed cascade may be used as a self-consistent interpolation filter.
Towards Laser Driven Hadron Cancer Radiotherapy: A Review of Progress (2014)

It has been known for about sixty years that proton and heavy ion therapy is a very powerful radiation procedure for treating tumors. It has an innate ability to irradiate tumors with greater doses and spatial selectivity compared with electron and photon therapy and, hence, is a tissue sparing procedure. For more than twenty years, powerful lasers have generated high energy beams of protons and heavy ions and it has, therefore, frequently been speculated that lasers could be used as an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) accelerators to produce the particle beams necessary for cancer therapy. The present paper reviews the progress made towards laser driven hadron cancer therapy and what has still to be accomplished to realize its inherent enormous potential.
The Role of Metal Nanoparticles in the Catalytic Production of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes — A Review (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reliability of GFR formulas based on serum creatinine, with special reference to the MDRD Study equation (2008)

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is central to the diagnosis, evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes data on the performance of equations using serum creatinine to estimate GFR, particularly the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. The size of studies evaluating GFR estimation equations and their level of sophistication in estimating bias, precision, validity and sensitivity to the source population have improved over the past decade. We update our review from 2006, which included 7 studies with over 500 individuals and 12 studies with 50-499 individuals with measured GFR evaluating the MDRD Study and Cockcroft-Gault equations. More recent studies include an individual level pooling analysis of 5504 participants in 10 studies which showed that creatinine calibration to reference methods improved the performance of the MDRD Study equation but increased bias for the Cockcroft-Gault equation. The MDRD Study equation had a bias of 3.0 %, interquartile range of 29.0 % and percentage of estimates within 30 % of the measured GFR value (P(30)) of 82 % for estimates below 60 mL/(min x 1.73 m(2)). Above this value, the bias was greater (8.7 %) and estimates are less useful since 30 % error is a large absolute error in GFR. Results vary across studies but are generally similar with disappointing performance in the high GFR range, which is of particular interest in early diabetic nephropathy. New equations using serum creatinine can reduce the bias present in the high GFR range but are unlikely to dramatically improve precision, suggesting a need for additional markers. Finally, algorithms are needed to tailor clinical practice based on data from GFR estimates and other participant characteristics, including the source population and level of proteinuria.
A Constraint Dynamics Approach to Rubber Elasticity (1993)

Abstract The coupling model of relaxation is applied to crosslinked rubber, with a connection drawn between the dynamics of network junctions and statistical mechanics derived rubber elasticity theory. The suggestion that unifying concepts must underlie dynamical models and thermodynamic theories is shown to be supported by analyses of recent 31 P NMR spectroscopy measurements by Shi, Dickinson, MacKnight and Chien on polytetrahydrofuran networks and of our mechanical relaxation data on stretched and unstretched polycarbonate.
Variations Over Time in Horizontal Tooth Mobility Measured by an Automatic Diagnostic System. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to investigate daily variation of horizontal (labio-lingual) tooth mobility by measuring viscoelastic properties of periodontium. Horizontal tooth mobility of maxillary central incisors was measured by an automatic diagnostic system for tooth mobility.Three males and five females participated in this study. Their periodontal conditions were clinically normal. Horizontal tooth mobility was measured once a day between 11: 30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. before lunch. Basal body temperature was also recorded for the females. Measurements were repeated daily except for holidays, for about 30 days in the males and about 50 days in the females. Horizontal tooth mobility was determined for three viscoelastic parameters (C1, C2, and k).Daily variations were in each of the parameters in the males and females. Two parameters (C1, C2) were smaller during the high temperature period of the menstrual cycle (luteum phase) than during the low period (follicular phase). It was concluded that daily variations exist in horizontal tooth mobility in both sexes, and horizontal tooth mobility is greater during the luteum phase than during the follicular phase.
Adaptive Interference Cancellation: Cancellation Performance vs. Computational Overhead (2008)

Superposition interference cancellation (SIC) has been highlighted due to its high spatial reuse efficiency in wireless networks. It exploits superposition aspect of multiple signals to cancel interferences. We present three basic SIC schemes, which are (1) superposition demodulation scheme, (2) superposition decoding scheme and (3) iterative superposition decoding scheme in this paper. When selecting an SIC algorithm among them, the computational overhead and cancellation performance have a trade-off relationship. In a fair communication environment, the receiver can save energy with little loss of cancellation performance by adopting a simple SIC algorithm, such as superposition demodulation. If the network condition looks bad, the node should apply a sophisticated SIC scheme, like iterative superposition decoding, to accommodate near-optimal performance of cancellation. Selecting a different SIC scheme in terms of network condition is called adaptive interference cancellation. The adaptive cancellation scheme draws fairly good interference cancellation performance with relatively low mean computational overhead to save energy consumption.
Stationary flows and uniqueness of invariant measures (2007)

In this short paper, we consider a quadruple $(Ω, Å, θ, μ)$,where $Å$ is a $σ$-algebra of subsets of $Ω$, and $θ$ is a measurable bijection from $Ω$ into itself that preserves the measure $μ$. For each $B \in Å$, we consider the measure $μ_B$ obtained by taking cycles (excursions) of iterates of $θ$ from $B$. We then derive a relation for $μ_B$ that involves the forward and backward hitting times of $B$ by the trajectory $(θ^n ω, n \in \Z)$ at a point $ω\in Ω$. Although classical in appearance, its use in obtaining uniqueness of invariant measures of various stochastic models seems to be new. We apply the concept to countable Markov chains and Harris processes.
Lifting the limits on high speed wireless data access using antenna arrays (2001)

The explosive growth of both the wireless industry and the Internet is creating a huge market opportunity for wireless data access. Limited Internet access, at very low speeds, is already available as an enhancement to some existing cellular systems. However, those systems were designed with the purpose of providing voice services and-at most-short messaging, but not fast data transfers. In fact, as shown in this article, traditional wireless technologies are not very well suited to meet the demanding requirements of providing very high data rates with the ubiquity, mobility, and portability characteristic of cellular systems. Increased use of antenna arrays appears to be the only means of enabling the types of data rates and capacities needed for wireless Internet and multimedia services. While the deployment of base station arrays is becoming universal, it is really the simultaneous deployment of base station and terminal arrays that can unleash unprecedented levels of performance by opening up multiple spatial signaling dimensions.
Origin and Evolution of European Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

With increasing levels of CA-MRSA reported from most parts of the Western world, there is a great interest in understanding the origin and factors associated with the emergence of these epidemic lineages. To trace the origin, evolution, and dissemination pattern of the European CA-MRSA clone (CC80), we sequenced a global collection of strains of the S. aureus CC80 lineage. Our study determined that a single descendant of a PVL-positive methicillin-sensitive ancestor circulating in sub-Saharan Africa rose to become the dominant CA-MRSA clone in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. In the transition from a methicillin-susceptible lineage to a successful CA-MRSA clone, it simultaneously became resistant to fusidic acid, a widely used antibiotic for skin and soft tissue infections, thus demonstrating the importance of antibiotic selection in the success of this clone. This finding furthermore highlights the significance of horizontal gene acquisitions and underscores the combined importance of these factors for the success of CA-MRSA.
Secure History Preservation Through Timeline Entanglement (2002)

A secure timeline is a tamper-evident historic record of the states through which a system goes throughout its operational history. Secure timelines can help us reason about the temporal ordering of system states in a provable manner. We extend secure timelines to encompass multiple, mutually distrustful services, using timeline entanglement. Timeline entanglement associates disparate timelines maintained at independent systems, by linking undeniably the past of one timeline to the future of another. Timeline entanglement is a sound method to map a time step in the history of one service onto the timeline of another, and helps clients of entangled services to get persistent temporal proofs for services rendered that survive the demise or non-cooperation of the originating service. In this paper we present the design and implementation of Timeweave, our service development framework for timeline entanglement based on two novel disk-based authenticated data structures. We evaluate Timeweave's performance characteristics and show that it can be efficiently deployed in a loosely-coupled distributed system of a few hundred services with overhead of roughly 2-8% of the processing resources of a PC-grade system.
Comparison of Ranking Methods for Virtual Screening in Lead-Discovery Programs (2002)

This paper discusses the use of several rank-based virtual screening methods for prioritizing compounds in lead-discovery programs, given a training set for which both structural and bioactivity data are available. Structures from the NCI AIDS data set and from the Syngenta corporate database were represented by two types of fragment bit-string and by sets of high-level molecular features. These representations were processed using binary kernel discrimination, similarity searching, substructural analysis, support vector machine, and trend vector analysis, with the effectiveness of the methods being judged by the extent to which active test set molecules were clustered toward the top of the resultant rankings. The binary kernel discrimination approach yielded consistently superior rankings and would appear to have considerable potential for chemical screening applications.