gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATLAS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of apalutamide (ARN-509) in patients with high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer receiving primary radiation therapy. (2016)

TPS5087 Background: At present, high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving primary radiation therapy (RT) and long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist +/- antiandrogen) have a high risk of metastases and PC-specific death. We hypothesize that the addition of apalutamide, a selective androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, to GnRH agonist will improve metastasis-free survival in high-risk patients treated with primary RT. Methods: This is a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of apalutamide in patients with high-risk localized or locally advanced PC (Gleason score of ≥ 8 and ≥ cT2c or a Gleason score of ≥ 7 and prostate-specific antigen ≥ 20 ng/mL and ≥ cT2c) receiving primary RT. Stratification: Gleason score (7 or ≥ 8), N0 or N1, brachytherapy boost (yes or no), and region (North American, European Union, or other). All patients will receive active treatment with a GnRH agonist throughout the 30 28-day treatment cycles. Randomization: 1:1 to apalutamide or control. Neoadjuvant/concurrent (cycles 1-4) to RT (74-80 Gy): apalutamide 240 mg/d vs bicalutamide 50 mg/d; adjuvant to RT (cycles 5-30): apalutamide 240 mg/d vs placebo. Primary end point: metastasis-free survival. Secondary end points: time to local-regional recurrence, time to castration-resistant disease, time to distant metastasis, and overall survival. Imaging with CT or MRI and bone scan will be conducted at baseline and then every 6 months following biochemical failure until documented distant metastasis by blinded-to-arm independent central review or death. Approximately 1500 patients will be accrued globally to provide appropriate statistical power to detect the hypothesized risk reduction (25%) in metastasis or death. An independent data monitoring committee is commissioned to review trial data. Clinical trial information: NCT02531516.
Principle of detailed balance and convergence assessment of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and simulated annealing (2008)

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are employed to sample from a given distribution of interest, whenever either the distribution does not exist in closed form, or, if it does, no efficient method to simulate an independent sample from it is available. Although a wealth of diagnostic tools for convergence assessment of MCMC methods have been proposed in the last two decades, the search for a dependable and easy to implement tool is ongoing. We present in this article a criterion based on the principle of detailed balance which provides a qualitative assessment of the convergence of a given chain. The criterion is based on the behaviour of a one-dimensional statistic, whose asymptotic distribution under the assumption of stationarity is derived; our results apply under weak conditions and have the advantage of being completely intuitive. We implement this criterion as a stopping rule for simulated annealing in the problem of finding maximum likelihood estimators for parameters of a 20-component mixture model. We also apply it to the problem of sampling from a 10-dimensional funnel distribution via slice sampling and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Furthermore, based on this convergence criterion we define a measure of efficiency of one algorithm versus another.
Evidence for the role of G-proteins in flow stimulation of dinoflagellate bioluminescence (2007)

Luminescent dinoflagellates respond to flow by the production of light. The primary mechanotransduction event is unknown, although downstream events include a calcium flux in the cytoplasm, a self-propagating action potential across the vacuole membrane, and a proton flux into the cytoplasm that activates the luminescent chemistry. Given the role of GTP-binding (G) proteins in the mechanotransduction of flow by nonmarine cells and the presence of G-proteins in dinoflagellates, it was hypothesized that flow-stimulated dinoflagellate bioluminescence involves mechanotransduction by G-proteins. In the present study, osmotic swelling of cells of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum was used as a drug delivery system to introduce GDPbetaS, an inhibitor of G-protein activation. Osmotically swollen cells produced higher levels of flow-stimulated bioluminescence at a lower threshold of shear stress, indicating they were more flow sensitive. GDPbetaS inhibited flow-stimulated bioluminescence in osmotically swollen cells and in cells that were restored to the isosmotic condition following hypoosmotic treatment with GDPbetaS. These results provide evidence that G-proteins are involved in the mechanotransduction of flow in dinoflagellates and suggest that G-protein involvement in mechanotransduction may be a fundamental evolutionary adaptation.
The Structure of Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Spark Discharges in Air (2011)

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) spark discharges have been generated in room-temperature air at atmospheric pressure. Single-shot image sequences of NRP spark discharges show that the path of the spark discharge channel can change with each pulse as well as during a single pulse, suggesting that several filaments can be generated within a single discharge event.
A Study of Mechanical Optimization Strategy for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Based on an Electromechanical Model (2012)

An optimal electrode position and interventricular (VV) delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves its success. However, the precise quantification of cardiac dyssynchrony and magnitude of resynchronization achieved by biventricular (BiV) pacing therapy with mechanical optimization strategies based on computational models remain scant. The maximum circumferential uniformity ratio estimate (CURE) was used here as mechanical optimization index, which was automatically computed for 6 different electrode positions based on a three-dimensional electromechanical canine model of heart failure (HF) caused by complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB). VV delay timing was adjusted accordingly. The heart excitation propagation was simulated with a monodomain model. The quantification of mechanical intra- and interventricular asynchrony was then investigated with eight-node isoparametric element method. The results showed that (i) the optimal pacing location from maximal CURE of 0.8516 was found at the left ventricle (LV) lateral wall near the equator site with a VV delay of 60 ms, in accordance with current clinical studies, (ii) compared with electrical optimization strategy of E(RMS), the LV synchronous contraction and the hemodynamics improved more with mechanical optimization strategy. Therefore, measures of mechanical dyssynchrony improve the sensitivity and specificity of predicting responders more. The model was subject to validation in future clinical studies.
Localized Facial Flushing in Infancy (1997)

Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome may manifest during infancy as flushing with eating food. In contrast to the syndrome in adults, gustatory sweating is rarely associated. The known use of forceps to assist in the delivery of at least 14 of the 28 previously reported pediatric cases and in 6 of our 8 patients suggests that trauma to the parotid region may be responsible for the condition in most infants, as it is in adults. Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome in infancy should be recognized as a benign condition that often resolves spontaneously. Treatment is ineffective and unnecessary.
A Method for Associating Patterns of Motion in Events from Video: A Case Study (2006)

Representing, associating, interpreting and learning behavioral patterns and rules from observation is always a challenging research problem for cognitive systems and human computer interaction. This problem becomes more difficult in complex environments with many unexpected behavioral patterns from objects, or cells, or individuals or small group of people acting under certain plans at the same time in different locations. This paper targets the development of a novel synergistic methodology for automatically monitoring, representing, associating and interpreting behavioral patterns and activities, and learning rules from complex environments using videos
Deploying an Instance Segmentation Algorithm to Implement Social Distancing for Prosthetic Vision (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak is causing a dramatic worsening in the already complicated living conditions of blind and visually impaired individuals. Social distancing is the most effective strategy to limit virus spread, but is extremely difficult for blind people to actuate. Here we propose a deep-learning algorithm to recognize and locate in space people and other categories of objects from RGB-D images. The algorithm, based on Mask R-CNN, performs semantic segmentation on RGB images and uses depth maps to extract information about the relative distance of the instances. It was evaluated using Salient Person dataset and RGB-D Scenes Dataset v.2, and proved effective in segmenting and locating instances. This preliminary work could be a valuable starting point for developing a technology to assist the visually impaired in implementing social distancing.
Determination of Distribution Coefficients of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (2000)

The determination of distribution coefficients is important for prediction of the chemical pathways of organic compounds in the environment. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a convenient and effective method to measure the distribution of chemicals in a two-phase system. In the present study, the SPME distribution coefficient (K(spme)) of 16 priority aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined with 100-microm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and 85-microm polyacrylate (PA) fibers. The partition coefficients and LeBas molar volumes were used to describe the linearity of the log K(spme) values of PAHs. Also, the validation of the distribution coefficient was examined using different sample volumes. The extraction time was dependent on the types of PAHs, and 20 min to 60 h was needed to reach equilibrium. The determined log K(spme) values ranged from 3.02 to 5.69 and from 3.37 to 5.62 for 100-microm PDMS and 85-microm PA fibers, respectively. Higher K(spme) values of low-ring PAHs were observed using 85-microm PA fiber. Good linear relationships between log K(ow) and log K(spme) for PAHs from naphthalene to benzo[alpha]pyrene and from naphthalene to chrysene for 100-microm PDMS and 85-microm PA fibers, respectively, were obtained. The correlation coefficients were 0.969 and 0.967, respectively. The linear relationship between log K(spme) and the LeBas molar volume was only up to benz[alpha]anthracene for 85-microm PA fiber and up to chrysene for 100-microm PDMS fiber. Moreover, the effect of sample volume can be predicted using the partition coefficient theory and excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical absorbed amounts of low-ring PAHs. This result shows that the determined log K(spme) is more accurate than the previous method for estimating analytes with log K(ow) < 6 as well as for predicting the partitioning behaviors between SPME fiber and water.
OUTCOME OF SEVERE PEDIATRIC BRAIN INJURY. PREDICTORS OF DEATH AND RESIDUAL DISABILITY (1987)

Swan, Paul K.; Sides, Christopher A.; Bohn, Desmond J.; Barker, Geoffrey A.; Hoffman, Harold Author Information
Peripheral tissue hypoperfusion predicts post intubation hemodynamic instability (2022)

In non-selected critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, tissue hypoperfusion parameters, especially the mottling score, could be helpful to predict PIHI.
Automatic detection of the view position of chest radiographs (2003)

Automatic identification of frontal (posteroanterior/anteroposterior) vs. lateral chest radiographs is an important preprocessing step in medical imaging. A recent approach by Amura et al. (Procs SPIE 2002; 4684: 308-315) is based on manual selection and combination of about 500 radiographs to generate as much as 24 templates by pixel-wise summing up the references, and a correctness rate of 99,99 % is reported. In order to design a fully automated procedure, 1,867 images were arbitrarily selected from clinical routine as reference for this work: 1,266 in frontal and 601 in lateral view position. The size of the radiographs varies between 2,000 and 4,000 pixels in each direction. Automatic categorization is done in two steps. At first, the image is reduced substantially in size. Regardless of the initial aspect ratio, a squared version is obtained, where the number h of pixels in both directions is a power of two. In the second step, the normalized cross correlation function at the optimal displacement is used for 5-nearest-neighbor classification. Leaving-one-out experiments were performed for h = 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 resulting in mean correctness of 92.0 %, 99.3 %, 99.3 %, 99.6 % and 99.4 %, respectively. With respect to the approach of Amura et al., these results show that the determination of the view position of chest radiographs can be fully automated and substantially simplified if the correlation function is used directly for 5-NN classification.
Synthesis of polyketides from low cost substrates by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (2019)

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a promising nonconventional yeast for biobased chemical production due to its rapid growth rate, high TCA cycle flux, and tolerance to low pH and high temperature. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, K. marxianus grows on low-cost substrates to cell densities that equal or surpass densities in glucose, which can be beneficial for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass (xylose), biofuel production waste (glycerol), and whey (lactose). We have evaluated K. marxianus for the synthesis of polyketides, using triacetic acid lactone (TAL) as the product. The 2-pyrone synthase (2-PS) was expressed on a CEN/ARS plasmid in three different strains, and the effects of temperature, carbon source, and cultivation strategy on TAL levels were determined. The highest titer was obtained in defined 1% xylose medium at 37°C, with substantial titers at 41 and 43°C. The introduction of a high-stability 2-PS mutant and a promoter substitution increased titer four-fold. 2-PS expression from a multi-copy pKD1-based plasmid improved TAL titers a further five-fold. Combining the best plasmid, promoter, and strain resulted in a TAL titer of 1.24 g/L and a yield of 0.0295 mol TAL/mol carbon for this otherwise unengineered strain in 3 ml tube culture. This is an excellent titer and yield (on xylose) before metabolic engineering or fed-batch culture relative to other hosts (on glucose), and demonstrates the promise of this rapidly growing and thermotolerant yeast species for polyketide production.
Mechanical spectra of glass-forming liquids. II. Gigahertz-frequency longitudinal and shear acoustic dynamics in glycerol and DC704 studied by time-domain Brillouin scattering (2013)

This paper presents and discusses the temperature and frequency dependence of the longitudinal and shear viscoelastic response at MHz and GHz frequencies of the intermediate glass former glycerol and the fragile glass former tetramethyl-tetraphenyl-trisiloxane (DC704). Measurements were performed using the recently developed time-domain Brillouin scattering technique, in which acoustic waves are generated optically, propagated through nm thin liquid layers of different thicknesses, and detected optically after transmission into a transparent detection substrate. This allows for a determination of the frequency dependence of the speed of sound and the sound-wave attenuation. When the data are converted into mechanical moduli, a linear relationship between longitudinal and shear acoustic moduli is revealed, which is consistent with the generalized Cauchy relation. In glycerol, the temperature dependence of the shear acoustic relaxation time agrees well with literature data for dielectric measurements. In DC704, combining the new data with data from measurements obtained previously by piezo-ceramic transducers yields figures showing the longitudinal and shear sound velocities at frequencies from mHz to GHz over an extended range of temperatures. The shoving model's prediction for the relaxation time's temperature dependence is fairly well obeyed for both liquids as demonstrated from a plot with no adjustable parameters. Finally, we show that for both liquids the instantaneous shear modulus follows an exponential temperature dependence to a good approximation, as predicted by Granato's interstitialcy model.
Preliminary survey of potato virus Y (PVy) strains in potato samples from Kurdistan (Iran). (2010)

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the type species in the potyvirus genus of the family potyviridae. This plant pathogenic virus is transmitted through plant sap inoculation by stem and core grafting and by at least 25 aphid species in a non-persistent manner. According to potato specialists in most parts of the world, PVY is currently considered as the most harmful virus in cultivated potatoes. This is also the case for potato production in Iran. In this project we investigated potato leaves that were collected in the Kurdistan province in Iran for the presence of PVY with use of different biochemical/molecular techniques as ELISA, RT-PCR and qPCR. The different PVY strains, including PVY-O, PVY-N, PVYN-TN, PVY-NWi, were determined by using a triplex RT-PCR. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the presence of PVY-NWi strains in the potato leaf samples from Kurdistan (Iran). The data are discussed in relation to prevalence of PVY strains in Iran.
Constrained Optimization of Universal Codebook for MIMO Precoding (2011)

In this paper we propose a new efficient algorithm for finding good codebook targeting multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding transmission. The proposed algorithm is constrained optimization that satisfies a set of design constraints such as unitary, constant modulus, constrained alphabet, and nested. These constraints aim at practically important properties such as low complexity and low peak-to-average-power-ratio and have been carefully taken into account in the codebook design at 3GPP. Our algorithm is based on rotations of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix and attempts to maximize the minimum chordal distance between any two precoders in the codebook in each rank. The algorithm works iteratively: at each step it identifies a bottleneck precoder in terms of minimum chordal distance and then finds a better precoder replacing the bottleneck precoder. Simulation results illustrate that the codebook found by the proposed algorithm performs better than conventional codebooks in both single user MIMO as well as in dynamic switching of single user and multi user MIMO transmission.
Observer design of critical states for air path flow regulation in a variable geometry turbocharger exhaust gas recirculation diesel engine (2011)

Modern automotive diesel engines rely on control strategies that must optimally manage the flows of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas to achieve the best trade-off between torque demand and engine out emissions. An important aspect of the gas exchange regulation problem is the complex interaction between the variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve and their associated flows. Control strategies that seek to optimize these flows must either have direct flow measurements or have access to the state variables that provide information on these flows. Furthermore, while the precise control of high-pressure (HP) EGR flow is essential, minimizing its usage is desirable given the engine durability concerns related to the excessive use of HP EGR, such as EGR valve coking and sticking, plugged EGR cooler, cylinder deposits, and valve deposits, to name a few. Exhaust gas recirculation may be optimally used if information on the level of inertness or leanness (oxygen content) of the exhaust gases is available. This paper presents the systematic design of observers for state variables that facilitate the design of such an optimal gas exchange control policy, thereby eliminating the need for direct sensing of the state variables for which the observer designs are proposed.
Evaluation of Drug-Containing Microcapsules (1994)

AbstractThe characterization of microcapsules containing drugs is reviewed with particular emphasis on sustained-release products produced commercially by pan or air-suspension coating and intended for oral administration. After considering aspects of the core and coating, various technologies used to assess microcapsules are discussed such as optical and spectroscopic evaluation, particle size analysis, filling into hard gelatin capsules, and disintegration, dispersion and dissolution testing. The in vivo testing of microcapsules and correlation with in vitro data is considered. Finally some miscellaneous tests applied to the formation and assessment of microcapsules are presented.
Optimization of Frequency and Plane- Wave Compounding by Minimum Variance Beamforming (2020)

Coherent plane-wave compounding achieves high spatiotemporal resolution and has been studied actively for spatial compounding beamforming, where multiple plane waves are transmitted at different angles. Meanwhile, various frequency compounding methods have been proposed for reducing speckle noise. In this study, we propose a method called frequency and plane-wave compounding minimum-variance distortionless response (FPWC-MVDR) compounding, which achieves high-spatial-resolution imaging by simultaneously optimizing frequency and spatial compounding adopting a minimum variance scheme. In the algorithm of this method, the data-compounded-on-receive MVDR principle developed for coherent plane-wave compounding is extended and applied. Its high resolution is shown in experiments conducted for a phantom mimicking soft tissue.
Relationship of ruminal temperature with parturition and estrus of beef cows1 (2010)

Spring-calving Angus cows (n = 30) were used to evaluate changes in ruminal temperature (RuT) related to parturition and estrus. Cows were synchronized and artificially inseminated with semen from a single sire. Temperature boluses were placed in the rumen at 7.0 ± 0.2 mo of gestation. Boluses were programmed to transmit RuT every 15 min. Cows (BW = 623 ± 44 kg, BCS = 4.9 ± 0.4) calved during 3 wk, and estrus was synchronized at 77 ± 7 d after calving with PGF(2α). Cows were observed every 12 h to detect estrus. Daily average ambient temperatures ranged from 2 to 22 °C during parturition (February to March) and 17 to 25 °C during estrus (May to June). Ruminal temperature from 7 d before to 3 d after parturition and 2 d before to 2 d after visual detection of estrus was analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Ruminal temperatures <37.72 °C were attributed to water consumption and excluded from analyses. Day did not influence (P = 0.36) RuT from d -2 to -7 before parturition (38.94 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature decreased (P < 0.001) from d -2 to d -1 before parturition (38.88 ± 0.05 to 38.55 ± 0.05 °C, respectively). Ruminal temperature was not influenced (P = 0.23) by day from 1 d before to 3 d after parturition (38.49 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature at 0 to 8 h after detection of estrus (38.98 ± 0.09 °C) was greater (P < 0.001) compared with RuT at the same daily hour of the day before (38.37 ± 0.11 °C) or the day after estrus (38.30 ± 0.09 °C). Ambient temperature did not influence (P > 0.30) RuT at parturition or estrus. Ruminal temperature decreased the day before parturition and increased at estrus in spring-calving beef cows and has potential use as a predictor of parturition and estrus.